@prefix rdf: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix owl: . @prefix snap: . @prefix span: . @prefix : . a owl:Ontology ; rdfs:comment """COSMO ontology, version 0.90-1751 by Patrick Cassidy cassidy@micra.com last edit 20210108: 1 AM Intended as an OWL-format ontology of primitive and common concepts suitable for use as an interlingua for semantic interoperability or language understanding. Includes representations of common concepts learned by children at an early age, plus the most frequently used words of English.. Has representations of more than 12,000 of the most frequently occurring words in text corpora, with references to WordNet and OpenCYC categories having (approximately) the same meaning. As of Rev1743: 23647 owl:Classes TBD: 22,198 distinct Single-word WordNet labels 23,961 Single-word labels including also en and ldoce labels not in WordNet 18,642 distinct WordNet synsets linked (some appear more than once) *** Current phase of development ***: Current phase is to add in 4556 Words in the BYU 20,000 most frequent not already in the COSMO: Finished adding in 519 words from the most common 10,000 words in the BYU most-frequent list not already in COSMO: rev 1727 20200915 Finished adding in 438 words from the most common 8000 words in the BYU most-frequent list not already in COSMO: rev 1707 20200718 Finished adding in 1720 words from an American Sign Language on-line dictionary not already among the 'wordnet'. or 'en' tags, nor in the openCYC nor BNC lists. rev 1689 20200409 Finished adding in representations of about 1400 common words in OpenCYC not already represented in earlier versions at rev1623. Finished adding in representations of the 6300 most frequent words in the BNC corpus at rev 1577. Brief history: Effort at finding the full set of semantic primitives started with representation of the'defining vocabulary' of 2130 words in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. (LDOCE). The Longman-LDOCE vocabulary words and their WordNet mappings were completed to end of 'Z' words (mapping completed) At rev1093. Started adding WN labels to entries that have ID's the same as common words, but which were not labeled (1600 of them at rev 1139) 20160423. Finished 'Z' words. Added additional 900 words in the vocabulary of a 6-year old (from 1903) at rev 1283 20171209 Has 19 top-level classes under 'Thing' The representation of English words was expanded by adding in words from the 5000 most frequent words in the BYU corpus, and words from the 6300 most frequent word in the BNC corpus (that were not in the BYU list). Finished at rev1577 20190729. Protege 3.5 Metrics for rev1751f (20210108: 1 AM) ca. 24059 OWL Classes , ca 44 of which are synonyms ca. 1357 relations ('properties' not including 84 datatype) Ca. 21216 restrictions [ca. 284 metatypes (rfds:Class) ] *** Consistency Check: Prot 3.5 Fact++ for rev1751f (20210108: 1 AM) on XPS15 4661 sec OK Prot 3.5 Pellet for rev1751f (20210108: 1 AM) on XPS15 3511 sec OK Prot 5.2 Fact++ rev1751f (20210108: 1 AM) on Toshiba 8731 sec OK Protege 5.2 Metrics for rev1735f (20201016: 11 PM) 23542 Classes (includes metaClasses) 1353 object properties 83 data properties 57667 'subclass' axioms 255 'disjoint' axioms 80 'Equivalent Classes' axioms 44 'Annotation Properties' 634 'SubObjectPropertyOf' axioms 344 'InverseObject Properties' Uses elements of the OpenCyc OWL version 0.78, SUMO, BFO and DOLCE ontologies, as well as elements created specifically for COSMO. Added ontology elements corresponding to common English words (among the 5000 most frequent in the BYU corpus). Continuing with addition of representations of other common English words from an American Sign Language dictionary.. Parts of COSMO were closely aligned with elements of other public ontologies such as OpenCyc, SUMO, and BFO,in order to ease the translation of COSMO ontologies to those other structures, but the conceptual structure of COSMO (hierarchy and relations) is too different from those other ontologies to allow simplistic automatic translation; it is anticipated that translation will be possible, but will require 'bridging axioms' to convert the terms and syntax of COSMO to those of any other ontology, and vice-versa. The meanings of the COSMO elements must be interpreted only from the structure of the COSMO ontology and from the full COSMO documentation. **NOTE** According to the documentation of those other ontologies, they are **freely usable** by the public, though they remain copyrighted by their originators and appear to require only acknowledgment of their use (more detail below). No copyright restrictions are attached to materials added in the COSMO project, therefore the only copyright restrictions for use of this ontology are those placed by the developers of the OpenCyc, SUMO, and BFO on parts derived directly from those works. Those derived parts will include some of the labels, and parts of the documentation, but the hierarchy and relations are those **specifically created** for COSMO, regardless of whether documentation or names were adopted from other ontologies. If necessary, the . documentation text or names can be changed to avoid copyright issues. ****************** Source Materials **************************** ***** WordNet, OpenCYC, SUMO, Random House Webster ************** ******************************************************************* Relation of COSMO to other ontologies: The COSMO ontology has a structure and basic viewpoint that differs in some significant parts from that of the ontologies from which it has derived materials, and the main parts of the hierarchical structure and relations are not primarily derived from any of the referenced ontologies, though some of the hierarchy is included because of its use in WordNet. Most basically, the representations were intended to adhere as closely as possible to **linguistic intuitions** about the meaning and usage of English terms, while specifying the meanings in a logically precise manner. Every element added to COSMO is individually evaluated for its utility and validity within the conceptual structure of the COSMO ontology, and is not derived or adopted solely or mainly on the basis of the appearance of a similar concept in another ontology. Certain individual subtype relations are similar to those in OpenCyc or SUMO; but because the basic hierarchical structure of COSMO differs from the other ontologies, logical inference using these relations will arrive at conclusions that cannot be aligned directly with either OpenCyc or SUMO. No simplistic mapping between COSMO and these other ontologies is likely to enable accurate inference. The documentation derived from OpenCyc and SUMO is provided as a means to **reference** similar concepts in those other ontologies, and to explain similarities and differences, for the convenience of those who are familiar with those ontologies. A few of the entres were included solely because of their presence in OpenCYC, but these are usually specific to CYC and are icluded solely to permit alignment with CYC concepts for those who are using the full CYC ontology. These are not essential to the structure of the ontology and could be removed. Contents derived from OpenCyc and SUMO are copyrighted and made freely available for public use under the terms found in the documentation for those works (see below). Materials added specifically for the COSMO project are not copyrighted. The contents derived from SUMO are copyrighted by the IEEE and made freely available for public use. For more detail see: see http://www.ontologyportal.org A description of the SUMO project can be found in: Niles, I., and Pease, A. 2001. Towards a Standard Upper Ontology. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS-2001), Chris Welty and Barry Smith, eds, Ogunquit, Maine, October 17-19, 2001. The Contents of the OpenCyc OWL version used in this project are found at: http://www.cyc.com/2004/06/04/cyc OpenCyc materials are copyrighted and licensed for free public use under the GNU 'LGPL' license. The OpenCyc documentation reads: ************ OpenCyc copyright notice ****************** Copyright Information OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright 2001-2004 Cycorp, Inc., Austin, TX, USA. All rights reserved. OpenCyc Knowledge Server Copyright 2001-2004 Cycorp, Inc., Austin, TX, USA. All rights reserved. Other copyrights may be found in various files. The OpenCyc Knowledge Base The OpenCyc Knowledge Base consists of code, written in the declarative language CycL, that represents or supports the representation of facts and rules pertaining to consensus reality. OpenCyc is licensed using the GNU Lesser General Public License, whose text can also be found on this volume. The OpenCyc CycL code base is the \"library\" referred to in the LGPL license. The terms of this license equally apply to renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the Knowledge Base (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language. See http://www.opencyc.org for more information. ************ OpenCyc copyright notice ****************** ************ Random House Webster Electronic Dictionary ****************** \"RHW\": Definitions described as coming from the 'Random House Webster' (RHW) refer to the Electronic Dictionary 'Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary' on CD (2002) from Random House, Inc. and Multimedia 2000 Inc.(a paperback version is still available at: http://www.randomhouse.com/category/reference/) Most of the entries have annotation references to WordNet ('wordnet' and 'wnsense' relations). The WordNet version referenced is WordNet 2.1 (see http://wordnet.princeton.edu/). Because the WordNet hierarchy differs in a number of places from that of COSMO, these pointers are only informative, and may not be useful for accurate automatic conversion of WordNet sense tags (synsets) to the corresponding senses in COSMO, but at least *part* of those WordNet word senses that are referenced will correspond to the intended meaning of the COSMO ontology element, and those words will, in some context, refer to the intended COSMO sense. """ . :ABCs :wnsense "ABC's1n", "ABC1n", "ABCs1n", "first principle1n", "rudiment1n" ; :wordnet "ABC", "ABC's", "ABCs", "first principle", "rudiment" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''ABCs'' are the most fundamental ''Basics'' of a topic, the ones that are learned in the first weeks or months of studying a complex topic, and needed for further advancement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ABCs' in WordNet: 1. rudiment, first rudiment, first principle, alphabet, ABC, ABC's, ABCs - (the elementary stages of any subject (usually plural); 'he mastered only the rudiments of geometry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Basics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Essential ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ABitOf :ldoce "bit" ; :wnsense "bit1n" ; :wordnet "bit" ; a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'ABitOf' is a 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' that is also a LogicalFunction; this returns a small quantity or small amount (less than one-quarter of the potential amount) for something that can be quantified. This is a very general sense, and can be used to quantify substances, multiple objects, time, effort, and many other things. Linguistically this sense does not always take the 'of' particle after the 'bit': 'rest a bit' is elliptical for 'rest a bit of time'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and part of sense 1 of 'bit' in WordNet: 1. (18) spot, bit - (a small quantity; 'a spot of tea'; 'a bit of paper') """ . :ACouple :en "a couple", "a couple of" ; :enadj "a couple", "a couple of" ; :wnsense "couple1n" ; :wordnet "couple" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ACouple'' is a ''SmallAmount'' of at least 2 items, but is a phrase used to mean a small number, perhaps smaller than 'a few' This is (almost?) always used preceded by 'a' - 'a couple' and most oftem 'a couple of', serving as verbal quantifiers. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'couple' in WordNet: 1. (242) couple - (a small indefinite number; 'he's coming for a couple of days') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallAmount . :ADDR_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment "The prefix used in the terms that label an Address." . :identifies :HouseAt735BelviderePlainfieldNJ ; a :PostalAddress . :AIDS :wnsense "AIDS1n", "acquired immune deficiency syndrome1n" ; :wordnet "AIDS", "acquired immune deficiency syndrome" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AIDS'' (acronym for 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome') is an ''Immunodeficiency''acquired due to infection with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'AIDS' in WordNet: 1. AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome - (a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immunodeficiency, :ViralInfection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus ; owl:onProperty :isCausedByPathogen ] . :ALittleWhile :ldoce "while" ; :wnsense "while1n" ; :wordnet "while" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ALittleWhile' is some TimeInterval that seems to be not very long for the person using this notion; the actual time varies considerably from a few seconds to a few weeks, but should not be more than a Month. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'while' in WordNet: 1. (23) while, piece, spell, patch - (a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition; 'he was here for a little while'; 'I need to rest for a piece'; 'a spell of good weather'; 'a patch of bad weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval . :ATMMachine :wnsense "ATM3n", "automated teller machine1n", "automated teller1n", "automatic teller machine1n", "automatic teller1n", "cash dispenser1n", "cash machine1n" ; :wordnet "ATM", "automated teller", "automated teller machine", "automatic teller", "automatic teller machine", "cash dispenser", "cash machine" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ATMMachine'' is a machine that provides a mechanism for a Person with the appropriate ''CreditCard'' or ''BankAccount'' to request and receive (if eligible) a limited sum of money in ''CurrencyBill''(s). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ATM' in WordNet: 3. cash machine, cash dispenser, automated teller machine, automatic teller machine, automated teller, automatic teller, ATM - (an unattended machine (outside some banks) that dispenses money when a personal coded card is used) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :MechanicalDevice, :PoweredDevice, :StorageEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurrencyBill ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BankBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinancialAccount ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :Aah :en "ah" ; :wnsense "aah1v", "ooh1v" ; :wordnet "aah", "ooh" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Aah'' and ''ooh' are suddenly emitted word used to express esthetic delight when viewing something pleasing (such as fireworks). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aah' in WordNet: 1. ooh, aah - (express admiration and pleasure by uttering 'ooh' or 'aah'; 'They oohed and aahed when they unwrapped the presents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :Abandoned :en "abandoned", "deserted" ; :enadj "deserted" ; :guid "55ad32d2-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :pastPartOf "abandon" ; :wnsense "abandoned2adj", "derelict2adj" ; :wordnet "abandoned", "derelict" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in CYC attributes are represented by things that have that attribute, so the CYC documentation talks about physical objects that are 'abandoned'. However, In COSMO, this is an *attribute* of something that was the object of an ''Abandoning'' action (including places), not the object abandoned itself; for that, use ''AbandonedObject''. CYC This instance of #$ConstructionArtifactTypeByExistentialStatus describes instances of #$ConstructionArtifact that are no longer maintained, i.e., no maintenance operations are conducted to preserve their operability. For small items discarded, use 'Discarded'. past participle of 'abandon'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abandoned' in WordNet: 1. (1) abandoned, derelict - (forsaken by owner or keeper ; 'weed-grown yard of an abandoned farmhouse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relinquished . :AbandonedObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any structure that has been abandoned - the owner(s) no longer uses it and has left it unguarded and exposed to use by others. This often suggests that deterioration has already set in.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abandoned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AbandonedShip :wnsense "abandoned ship1n", "derelict2n" ; :wordnet "abandoned ship", "derelict" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AbandonedShip'' is a ''Ship'' that has been abandoned (left with no one to care for it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abandoned ship' in WordNet: 1. abandoned ship, derelict - (a ship abandoned on the high seas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ship . :Abandoning :en "abandoning" ; :wnsense "abandon1v", "abandon3v", "abandon4v", "abandonment1n", "deserti-on2n", "forsaking2n", "leave behind1v", "vacate2v" ; :wordnet "abandon", "abandonment", "desertion", "forsaking", "leave behind", "vacate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abandon'' is an intentional 'Relinquishing' where the Object lost control of acquires the attribute ''Abandoned''. NOTE that this can be applied to non-human animals who intentionally abandon things such as nests. NOTE in WN 'forfeiting' is a subtype of 'abandoning' but in both WN and COSMO a 'forfeiting' can be unintentional, as for committing a crime or being unintentionaly late for an appointment or contest. the object of this action, after the action, has the property 'Abandoned'. Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'abandon' and part of sense 1 of 'leave behind' (a permanent leaving behind) and part of sense 2 of 'vacate' (vacate an owned property with no intention of reclaming it)in WordNet: 1. (10) abandon - (forsake, leave behind; 'We abandoned the old car in the empty parking lot') 3. (6) abandon, give up - (give up with the intent of never claiming again; 'Abandon your life to God'; 'She gave up her children to her ex-husband when she moved to Tahiti'; 'We gave the drowning victim up for dead') 4. (6) vacate, empty, abandon - (leave behind empty; move out of; 'You must vacate your office by tonight') WN verb 'leave behind': 1. (5) leave behind - (depart and not take along; 'He left behind all his possessions when he moved to Europe') WN noun 'abandonment': 1. (3) abandonment, forsaking, desertion - (the act of giving something up) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :LeavingSomethingBehind, :Relinquishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abandoned ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Abashed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Embarrassment ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :EmbarrassingSomeone ; :wnsense "abashed1adj", "chagrined1adj", "embarrassed1adj", "embarrassed3adj" ; :wordnet "abashed", "chagrined", "embarrassed" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abashed'' is the attribute of a Person who experienced an ''EmbarrassingSomeone'' Event, @ToDo: This is a mild form of being embarrassed, on a continuous scale from 'discomfited' (made to feel uncomfortable) to 'humiliated' and Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'embarrassed' in WordNet: 1. (1) abashed, chagrined, embarrassed - (feeling or caused to feel uneasy and self-conscious; 'felt abashed at the extravagant praise'; 'chagrined at the poor sales of his book'; 'was embarrassed by her child's tantrums') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :IntensiveAttributeValue, :PastParticiple . :Abbey :wnsense "abbey1n" ; :wordnet "abbey" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abbey' in WordNet: 1. (1) abbey - (a church associated with a monastery or convent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChurchBuilding, :HouseOfPrayer . :Abbreviated :en "cut short" ; :enadj "cut short" ; :wnsense "abbreviated2adj", "shortened2adj", "truncated1adj" ; :wordnet "abbreviated", "shortened", "truncated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Object having this attribute has been the Object of a ''Shortening'' Action. This type is used in more restricted situations than ''Shortened''. Includes but is broader than WordNet adjective sense 1 of 'abbreviated', which seems to include only time abbreviations. This includes words, texts generally (e.g. 'Inc.' or 'cul8r' in texting). Corresponds to adject sense 2 of 'abbreviated' in WordNet: 2. abbreviated, shortened, truncated - (cut short in duration; 'the abbreviated speech'; 'her shortened life was clearly the result of smoking'; 'an unsatisfactory truncated conversation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShortDuration, :Shortened . :Abbreviating :eng "abbreviating" ; :wnsense "abbreviate1v" ; :wordnet "abbreviate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abbreviating'' is a ''Simplifying'' of the spelling of a word,,making it shorter. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abbreviate' in WordNet: 1. (3) abbreviate - (shorten; \" Abbreviate 'New York' and write 'NY'\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WordString ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Length ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abbreviated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abbreviation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Abbreviation :wnsense "abbreviation1n" ; :wordnet "abbreviation" ; a :LexicalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Word which is a shortened lexical form of another word, such as 'Dr.' for 'Doctor' or 'Mr.' for 'Mister'. An abbreviation should have a period at the end, but the period is sometimes omitted, such as in 'Jan 20' for January 20th. ''Acronyms'' that use the initial letters of several words are a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abbreviation' in WordNet: 1. abbreviation - (a shortened form of a word or phrase) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abbreviated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Abdication :en "abdicating" ; :wnsense "abdicate1v", "abdication1n", "abdication2n", "renounce1v" ; :wordnet "abdicate", "abdication", "renounce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abdication''is the voluntary act of either formally leaving a position that has rights or responsibilities, or effectively 'leaving' the position by failng to exercise authority or perform responsibilties. This can be abdicating some position of authority (e.g. a Kingship) or abdicating a responsibility. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abdicate' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'abdication; in WordNet: 1. abdicate, renounce - (give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or duties and obligations; 'The King abdicated when he married a divorcee') WN noun ;abdication': 1. abdication, stepping down - (a formal resignation and renunciation of powers) 2. abdication, stepping down - (the act of abdicating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resigning . :Abdominal :pertainsTo :Belly ; :wnsense "abdominal1adj" ; :wordnet "abdominal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abdominal'' is an attribute pertaining to the 'abdomen' (represented as ''Belly'' in COSMO). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abdominal' in Wordnet: 1. (3) abdominal - (of or relating to or near the abdomen; \"abdominal muscles\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AbdominalSurgeon :guid "c10ae94e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "surgeon1n" ; :wordnet "surgeon" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An abdominal surgeon is a doctor who specializes in performing surgical procedures on the abdomen.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surgeon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbdominalSurgery ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :AbdominalSurgery :en "abdominal surgery" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AbdominalSurgery'' is Surgery at some part of the abdomen (''Belly''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surgery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belly ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :Abduction :wnsense "abduction1n" ; :wordnet "abduction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Tis ''Abduction'' is a ''Kidnapping'' of a Person that includes carrying away. Includes but is broader (not just for family members) than noun sense 1 of 'abduction' in WordNet: 1. abduction - (the criminal act of capturing and carrying away by force a family member; if a man's wife is abducted it is a crime against the family relationship and against the wife) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kidnapping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :AbductorMuscle :en "abs" ; :ennp "abs" ; :wnsense "abductor muscle1n", "abductor2n" ; :wordnet "abductor", "abductor muscle" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """There are several specific ''AbductorMuscle''s. THe informal plural form of the term is 'abs'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abductor muscle' in WordNet: 1. abductor, abductor muscle - (a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkeletalMuscle, :StriatedMuscle . :AbettingaCrime :eng "abetting" ; :wnsense "abet1v" ; :wordnet "abet" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AbettingaCrime'' is a ''CooperationEvent'' where one Person helps another to commit a crime, thereby making both of those people guilty of the crime, and rendering them criminals. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abet' in WordNet: 1. (3) abet - (assist or encourage, usually in some wrongdoing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CooperationEvent, :Crime, :HelpingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Criminal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Criminal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Abeyance :wnsense "abeyance1n", "suspension3n" ; :wordnet "abeyance", "suspension" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Abeyance'' is a ''Pause'' dring which some ongoing actvity is discontinued and resumption depends on some change in the situation, and the party controlling the ''Abeyance'' waits for a change that will determine when and if the activity will be resumed. This differs from a ''Pause'' that has a fixed tie limit like a ''Recess''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abeyance' in WordNet: 1. abeyance, suspension - (temporary cessation or suspension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Pause, :PurposefulInaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waiting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Abhorrence :guid "bd58b24d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "abhorrence1n", "abomination2n", "detestation1n", "execration1n", "loathing1n", "odium2n" ; :wordnet "abhorrence", "abomination", "detestation", "execration", "loathing", "odium" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Extreme repugnance felt towards a person or thing, typically resulting in strenuous efforts to avoid it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abhorrence' and sense 1 of 'loathing' in WordNet: 1. abhorrence, abomination, detestation, execration, loathing, odium - (hate coupled with disgust) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hatred, :Revulsion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abhorring ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Abhorring :wnsense "abhor1v", "abominate1v", "execrate1n", "loathe1v" ; :wordnet "abhor", "abominate", "execrate", "loathe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abhorring'' is an intense ''HatingEvent'' that causes a Feeling of ''Abhorrence'' when the abhorred thing is encountered. NOTE: This Action type (similar to a ''HatingEvent'') is only subtly different from the Feeling of ''Abhorrence'': ''Abhorring'' is a Persistent state in which a Person has a very strong dislike for something, but that dislike does not usually cause any changes to behavior until the hated thing is encountered or otherwise brought to the attention, at which point a Feeling of ''Abhorrence'' can arise. To ''Abhor'' something is to experience ''Abhorrence'' when the abhorred thing is encountered.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abhor' in WordNet: 1. (1) abhor, loathe, abominate, execrate - (find repugnant; 'I loathe that man'; 'She abhors cats') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abhorrence ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Ability :ldoce "ability", "can" ; :takesValue :Capability ; :wnsense "ability1n", "ability2n", "capability1n" ; :wordnet "ability", "capability" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having an 'Ability' is being able to perform a certain kind of Action. For Attributes that are abilities, the representation in COSMO uses the term 'Ability' to refer to the AttributeType, and 'Capability' to refer to the AttributeValue. This is somewhat arbitrary, as these distinctions are not clearly reflected in linguistic usage. This is commonly used for people, but is also applicable to the capabilities of machines,animals, or anything that can act as an agent in an Action. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'ability' and sense 1 of 'capability' in WordNet: 1. (20) ability - - (the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment) 2. (9) ability, power - - (possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done; 'danger heightened his powers of discrimination') WN 'capability': 1. (8) capability, capableness - - (the quality of being capable - - physically or intellectually or legally; 'he worked to the limits of his capability') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :AbilityToCauseDamage a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ability to cause damage to some object, not specific as to the level of damage. This is a very broad attribute of dangerous things.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability . :AbilityToChoose a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AbilityToChoose' is the ability to choose something (Object, Action) from among a Group of possible choices of Actions (which could be as small as a single Action).. Each instance of AbilityToChoose should list the possible actions included in that Ability. This is represented in COSMO as an AttributeValue of an Agent; to say that '?P has the 'AbilityToChoose' ?A is represented as ?P having an instance of AbilityToChoose, and that instance pointing to an Option (a Group of Action(s)) that can be chosen It is not necessary for ?P to have the Right to do the Action, but only the physical possiblity. A subtype of this Capability is 'Volition' or the notion that an Agent's own internal processes determine which among possible Options that Agent will choose. See 'Volition' for more detail. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Options ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :AbilityToCool a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """AbilityToCool is the DesignFunction performed by CoolingDevices such as refrigerators and AirConditioners.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesignFunction . :AbilityToDance a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ability to perform a 'Dancing' Event. This Capbility has many variations and degrees of expertise.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dancing ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :AbilityToDanceTheWaltz a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ability to perform a DancingEvent in the manner of a Waltz. There are variations of the Waltz and different degrees of expertise..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbilityToDance . :AbilityToDissolveSubstance :en "solvent power" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the capability of a LiquidSubstance (i.e. liquid at some temperature, not necessarily room temperature) to dissolve another substance, up to some solubility limit. An Action that is a 'dissolving' event may be represented by 'DissolvingaSubstance'. This type has restrictions such that each instance of 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance' will have a pointer to some instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance', which has pointer to the substance(s) that can be dissolved, and also a (redundant) back-pointer via 'isaCapabilityOf'to the solvent that has that capability. The limit of solubility, and the temperature at which that limit applies are not directly referenced by this type, but can be found as a property of the substance that can be dissolved (the solute) . A solvent may have many individual such capabilities (water has an unlimited number), and those represented will be whatever is of interest or has been tested; the ability to dissolve classes of substances can also be represented by pointing to some class of substances in the instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance'. This type can be used to represent solubility data such as that provided by chemical handbooks or substance data sheets. This capability may be represented linguistically by the phrases 'solvent power' or 'dissolves' or 'can dissolve'. Each instance of this type will point to some one or more instances of 'DissolvingaSubstance'; to describe an ability to dissolve some class of substances, that instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance' may point to that class of substances. The cluster of concepts relating to solubility are related in the following fashion: (1) Solvent substances have some 'Capability' 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance' (2) Each instance of 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance' points via the relation 'isAbilityToPerformActionType' to some instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance'; (3) each such instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance' points via the relation 'hasSolubleSubstance' to the substance(s) or class of substances that can be dissolved. (3) The limit of solubility of some substance in some solvent is represented by a property of the soluble substance itself ( the solute): use 'hasSolubilityLimit'. NOTE that here we are using 'dissolve' to include causing substances to go into solution by reacting with them, as an acid may do to a metal. Substypes of this type that distinguish reactive from non-reactive dissolving are not yet (rev953) included. The restrictions relate this to the substance that can do the dissolving (the solvent) and also to an instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance' that specifies what substance can be dissolved, to what limit of solubility, at which temperature. The substance doing the dissolving (the solvent) and the substance that can be dissolved by that solvent are both referenced directly by the relations 'isaCapabilityOf' and 'hasSolubleSubstance' respectively. Instances of this type must also refer to an instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance', which (redundantly) also references the solvent and solute in that Action. But to learn the degree to which a particular solvent can dissolve a particular solute (its 'solvent power' for that solute, it is necessary to find that solute's solubility using the 'hasSolubilityLimit' relation on that solute. It may be useful to have a relation on this type to specify what substances are 'soluble' (often meaning at least 3 grams per 100 ml of solvent);; in an FOL version the calculations can be done and cross-references can be automatically added on entry of solubility data. But this should be considered carefully,as many solvents can dissolve many substances. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom :DissolvingaSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaCapabilityOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :AbilityToDoArithmetic a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide numbers. This covers the full range of arithmetic ability from simple addition to root extraction. See AddingEvent, DoingAddition.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability . :AbilityToInfluencePeople :isAbilityToPerformActionType :InfluencingAnAgent ; :ldoce "influence" ; :wnsense "influence1n" ; :wordnet "influence" ; a :CapabilityType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AbilityToInfluencePeople' is the ability possessed by a Person who is 'Influential', i.e. the ability to affect the beliefs or attitudes of other people. THe more specific subtype 'Influential' is an ability to pursuade. @ToDo: how does this relate to 'Influential'?. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'influence' in WordNet: 1. (27) influence - (a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc; 'used her parents' influence to get the job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InfluencingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :AbilityToLipread :en "lipreading ability" ; :enn "lipreading ability" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''AbilityToLipread'' is a ''Skill'' that allows a Person to understand what another Person is saying by carefully observing the motion of the lips of the Person speaking. This is a skill mostly achieved by deaf people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lipreading ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :AbilityToPerceive :en "ability to perceive" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AbilityToPerceive' is the ability possessed by a ''IntentionalAgent'' who can sense things in its environment and react to them. This includes as subtypes the traditional five senses, but is a more general concept that can include other forms of perception. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceiving ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :AbilityToPerformMagic a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'AbilityToPerformMagic' is the ability to perform some action that violates the laws of physics - this is not the 'magic' that is performed by an illusionist, but an action that violates physics; it may or may not be called a 'miracle'. Also called 'supernatural powers' - often held by fictional superheroes, though in the fiction it is often considered natural rather than supernatural. This ability is usually associated with a SupernaturalBeing, but COSMO does not restrict this ability to SupernaturalBeings; it is not (as of v763) denied in COSMO that a natural person may perform such actions, but the relation on 'MagicAction' specifies that the action itself is performed by a SupernaturalBeing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagicAction ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :AbilityToRemember :ldoce "memory" ; :wnsense "memory3n" ; :wordnet "memory" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AbilityToRemember' may be possesed by various types of agents, not only intelligent ones - even plants and bacteria can have rudimentary abilities to remember some things. This is probably too broad to be useful in specific applications, and may need subtypes, e.g. the size of a computer's memory (this is an intensive attribute, so can vary in intensity). This type includes but is not limited to noun senses 2 and 3 of 'memory' in Wordnet: 3. (9) memory, retention, retentiveness, retentivity - (the power of retaining and recalling past experience; 'he had a good memory when he was younger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability . :AbilityToSwim :isAbilityToPerformActionType :Swimming ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AbilityToSwim' is the ability possessed by an Animal who can maintain itself on the surface of water. without sinking. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swimming ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :Ablation :guid "bd58b6b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ablate1v", "ablation2n", "abrade1v", "abrasion2n", "abrasion3n" ; :wordnet "ablate", "ablation", "abrade", "abrasion" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO this is more general than in Cyc, and includes ablation Events which are not intentional, such as those that occur naturally, or as the result of usage (as in wearing out clothing), and the 'ablation' that occurs during entry of an object from space into the atmosphere. For intention acts of ablation, use the subtype 'AbradingSomething'. Also includes the specialized sense of eroding parts of a surface by the action of particles or wind passing over an object (somewhat similar to 'corrade'): see RHW sense 3; Aerospace. erosion of the protective outer surface (ablator) of a spacecraft or missile due to the aerodynamic heating caused by travel at hypersonic speed during reentry through the atmosphere. Cyc: A collection of events. In an #$Ablation, a (usually relatively thin) layer of material is removed from the surface of an object. Includes verb sense 1 of 'ablate', noun senses 1 and 2 of 'abrade' and noun senses 2 and 3 of 'abrasion' and noun sense 2 of 'ablation' in WordNet: 1. abrade, corrade, abrase, rub down, rub off - (wear away) WN 'ablate' 1. ablate - (wear away through erosion or vaporization) WN noun 'ablation': 2. ablation - (the erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically, :Separation-Complete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOfaSolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Able :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :Capability ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inexperienced, :Unable, :Unskilled ; :wnsense "able1adj", "able2adj", "able3adj", "capable5adj" ; :wordnet "able", "capable" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ WN adjective 'able': in WordNet: 1. (70) able - ((usually followed by 'to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something; 'able to swim'; 'she was able to program her computer'; 'we were at last able to buy a car'; 'able to get a grant for the project') 2. (7) able, capable - (have the skills and qualifications to do things well; 'able teachers'; 'a capable administrator'; 'children as young as 14 can be extremely capable and dependable') 3. (4) able - (having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity; 'able to learn'; 'human beings are able to walk on two feet'; 'Superman is able to leap tall buildings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Positive . :AbleBodiedSeaman :en "able-bodied seaman" ; :enn "able-bodied seaman" ; :guid "bd589bb8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Crew members who work on the deck. NOTE: this CYC term is interpreted as Male ''DeckHand''s of a Navy ship crew. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeckHand, :Man, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShipsDeck ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :Ableism :wnsense "ableism1n", "ablism1n" ; :wordnet "ableism", "ablism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ableism' is a form of ''Discrimination'' against people with a physical disability. NOTE that the relation ''isDirectedToward'' points to the typeof Person*against whom* the discrimination is performed; by inference those not in this category are more favorably treated or viewed. NOTE that the ''isDirectedToward'' references ''HandicappedPerson''s generally; if this type of Discrimination is directed toward some specific disability then a different subtype needs to be created. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ableism' in WordNet: 1. ableism, ablism, able-bodiedism, able-bodism - (discrimination in favor of the able-bodied) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discrimination, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandicappedPerson ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ] . :Abnormal :wnsense "abnormal1adj" ; :wordnet "abnormal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Abnormal is a property that can be assigned to something that is not just unusual, but unusual in a negative way. For the sense of 'highly unusual' without the implication of being bad, use 'Unusual'. For unusual and suprisingly so, use 'strange'. For Events,being ''Abnormal'' wouldimply being ''Infrequent'' but abnormal traits of objects can persist throughout the life of the object. Includes adjective sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'abnormal' in WordNet, but no WordNet sense specifically specifies the 'bad' meaning of 'abnormal' in this sense. in WordNet: 1. (1) abnormal - (not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm; 'abnormal powers of concentration'; 'abnormal amounts of rain'; 'abnormal circumstances'; 'an abnormal interest in food') 2. abnormal - (departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development; 'they were heartbroken when they learned their child was abnormal'; 'an abnormal personality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :Unusual . :AbnormalAnatomicalStructure a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any AnatomicalStructure which is not normally found in the Organism of which it is a part, i.e. it is the result of a PathologicProcess. This class covers tumors, birth marks, goiters, scars, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPart . :AbnormalBodyCondition :wnsense "abnormal condition1n", "abnormalcy1n", "abnormality1n" ; :wordnet "abnormal condition", "abnormalcy", "abnormality" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AbnormalBodyCondition'' is an ''AbnormalCondition'' that affects the body of an Organism negatively, and therefore is classified as an ''AilmentCondition'' but is not necessarily an Injury or Disease. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'abnormal condition' in WordNet: 1. abnormality, abnormalcy, abnormal condition - (an abnormal condition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :DysfunctionalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dysfunctional ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :AbnormalCondition :wnsense "abnormal condition1n", "abnormalcy1n", "abnormality1n" ; :wordnet "abnormal condition", "abnormalcy", "abnormality" ; a :ConditionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AbnormalCondition'' is a SystemCondition which is not normal (i.e. unusual, not expected fo that type of system) for the system in which it is observed. It is worse than the usual condition (i.e. undesirable), not just different - but it is not necessarily a malfunction. Chipped paint on some object would be an AbnormalCondition, and a Disease would also be. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abnormal condition' in WordNet: 1. abnormality, abnormalcy, abnormal condition - (an abnormal condition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :SystemCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abnormal ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :AbnormalOrganism a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbnormalOrganism is an Organism in which some typical feature of the adult form is either imperfectly developed (as by a developmental problem), or had developed and was altered to a less functional form. An immature form in which the normal functions are not yet developed . are not instances of this category, but of 'ImmatureOrganism'. NOTE carefully that in COSMO the category 'Organism' is intended to represent typical adults forms of an organism. Therefore we can make certain necessary assertions about an 'Organism' without being concerned about exceptions. When exceptional circumstances are encountered, one should use the category 'ImmatureOrganism' or 'AbnormalOrganism'. Rather than reify such categories for each organism type, they can be generated by use of functions on the typical organism Type. If functions are not available in some implementation, reification may be necessary. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism . :Aboard :wnsense "aboard1adv", "onboard1adv" ; :wordnet "aboard", "onboard" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Aboard'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the hypothesized situation or Object occurs or is located on a ship or plane or train. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'aboard' in Wordnet: 1. (4) aboard, onboard - (on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Abolishing :wnsense "abolish1v", "abolishment1n", "abolition1n", "get rid of3v" ; :wordnet "abolish", "abolishment", "abolition", "get rid of" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abolishing'' is a ''PrematureTermination'' of some practice that was accepted or mandated by law, but became unwanted. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abolish' in WordNet: 1. (9) abolish, get rid of - (do away with; 'Slavery was abolished in the mid-19th century in America and in Russia') WN noun 'abolition': 1. (1) abolition, abolishment - (the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery); 'the abolition of capital punishment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PrematureTermination, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :Abominable :en "abhorrent" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Terrible ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Abhorring ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Abhorring ; :ldoce "abominable", "terrible" ; :wnsense "abominable2adj", "terrible2adj" ; :wordnet "abominable", "terrible" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abominable'' is an attribute value of something (object or Event) that causes negative emotions in one who perceives it. Even more intense is the subtype ''Horrible'' that can cause disgust or fright. This corresponds approximately to sense 2 of 'abominable and sense 2 'terrible' in WordNet. WN 'abominable' in WordNet: 2. atrocious, abominable, awful, dreadful, painful, terrible, unspeakable - (exceptionally bad or displeasing; 'atrocious taste'; 'abominable workmanship'; 'an awful voice'; 'dreadful manners'; 'a painful performance'; 'terrible handwriting'; 'an unspeakable odor came sweeping into the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Terrible . :Aboriginal :pertainsTo :Aborigine, :Autochthon ; :wnsense "Aboriginal1adj", "aboriginal2adj", "native3adj" ; :wordnet "Aboriginal", "aboriginal", "native" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'aboriginal' in Wordnet: 1. Aboriginal - (of or pertaining to members of the indigenous people of Australia; 'an Aboriginal rite') 2. native, aboriginal - (characteristic of or relating to people inhabiting a region from the beginning; 'native Americans'; 'the aboriginal peoples of Australia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Aborigine :wnsense "Abo1n", "Aboriginal1n", "Aborigine2n", "Australian Aborigine1n", "native Australian1n" ; :wordnet "Abo", "Aboriginal", "Aborigine", "Australian Aborigine", "native Australian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Aborigine'' is a Person who is descended from the native peoples of Australia., living there before the Europeas arrived. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Aborigine' in WordNet: 2. Aborigine, Abo, Aboriginal, native Australian, Australian Aborigine - (a dark-skinned member of a race of people living in Australia when Europeans arrived) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Australian, :Autochthon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Australia ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Abortion :wnsense "abortion1n" ; :wordnet "abortion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Abortion'' is a ''PregnancyTermination'' that is a ''MedicalProcedure'' even if the person doing the procedure is the pregnant woman herself. This distinguishes it from a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abortion' in WordNet: 1. (3) abortion - (termination of pregnancy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalProcedure, :PregnancyTermination, :PurposefulAction . :Abounding :en "full", "replete" ; :wnsense "abounding1adj" ; :wordnet "abounding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Abounding'' is to have something - physical or abstract in some conspicuously large quantity. This can often be expressed by phrases such as 'full of' or 'replete with' . Subtypes can specify the thing that abounds. This thing that is had in abundance needs to be pointed to by some preposition such as 'with' 'of' or 'in'. For 'full'related to containers use ''Full'. Similar to RHW adj 'replete' sense 1 RWH 'replete' 1: 'abundantly supplied or provided; filled (usually fol. by with): a speech replete with sentimentality.' No Wordnet sense seems exactly similar, but sense 1 of 'abounding' has some overlap: in WordNet: 1. (1) abounding, galore - (existing in abundance; 'abounding confidence'; 'whiskey galore') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abundant . :About :ldoce "about", "concerning" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'about' has two main linguistic senses: (1) a text/statement is 'about' some topic this is synonymous with 'concerning' (concerning some topic), see relation ''refersToExternalEntity''. (2) a measurement is 'about' some rounded number. A third sense, 'about to (do something)' can be recognized by the 'to' immediately following the 'about'. Less common senses ('going about one's business', 'walking about the house' (all around), 'a high fence about the house'(on eery side) and a few others, will need more extensive contextual disambiguation) In SKIF, the statements for senses 1 and 2 can be disambiguated by the type of the subject: {?Text is about MountainClimbing}: sense 1 if subject is a Text, Proposition, or Assertion {?Measure is (about {20 feet})}. sense 2 if ?Measure is a Measure or AttributeType.""" . :AboveGroundLevel :ldoce "upstairs" ; :wnsense "upstairs1n" ; :wordnet "upstairs" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AboveGroundLevel' is a subtype of 'Upstairs' specifically designating levels of a building that are above the ground floor level. This may be one or more 'Storey's in a Building. Unlike 'Upstairs' (which can be a region or PhsysicalObject), this level is specifically a PhysicalObject. Also note that the general 'upstairs' can be relative to a basement, therefore may be on the ground level. This type excludes ground level. This includes adverb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'upstairs' in WordNet: WN adverb 'upstairs': 1. (13) upstairs, up the stairs, on a higher floor - (on a floor above; 'they lived upstairs') WN noun 'Upstairs': 1. upstairs - (the part of a building above the ground floor; 'no one was allowed to see the upstairs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, :PhysicalObject, :Upstairs, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyAbove ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroundFloor ] . :AboveTheHorizon :ldoce "up" ; :wnsense "up1adj" ; :wordnet "up" ; a :LocationMeasure ; rdfs:comment """'AboveTheHorizon' is a LocationMeasure for astronomical objects specifying that at a particular time and for a particular place on some planet such as Earth, the view of that astronomical object is not obscured by the planet (though it may be obscured by clouds or other astronomical objects). This measure could be quantified by another measure, such as '30 degrees above the eastern horizon'; the formal means to do that is not yet (rev915) represented directly. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'up' (the sun is up) in WordNet: 1. (8) up - (being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level; 'the anchor is up'; 'the sun is up'; 'he lay face up'; 'he is up by a pawn'; 'the market is up'; 'the corn is up') """ . :AbradingSomething :guid "bd5899e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "abrade1v", "abrase1v", "abrasion2n", "attrition1n", "attrition2n", "attrition5n", "corrade1v", "corrasion1n", "detrition1n", "detrition2n", "rub down1v", "rub off1v" ; :wordnet "abrade", "abrase", "abrasion", "attrition", "corrade", "corrasion", "detrition", "rub down" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In an #$AbradingSomething event, the surface of some object, or particles on the surface, is gradually worn away by scraping or similar physical contact involving friction. Devices used in elements of #$AbradingSomething include files and sand paper; elements of #$AbradingSomething would include the event in which Howard Hughes sanded down the Spruce Goose for the last time, the event in which Lucy Ricardo filed her fingernails just before her singing debut at Rickie's club, etc. This is an intentional action, and does not include natural processes of wearing away such as erosion - for natural processes, use 'Ablation'. NOTE that part of verb sense 4 of 'wear' is included here, but only the part that represents 'wearing' through abrasion. For other type of 'wearing out' that do not incvolve abrasion (e.g. of electronic materials, light bulbs', we need a different type, and perhaps a parent of both @ToDo. Includes verb sense 1 of 'abrade' and noun sense 2 and 3 of 'abrasion' and verb sense 4 of 'wear' in WordNet: 1. abrade, corrade, abrase, rub down, rub off - (wear away) WN noun 'abrasion': 2. abrasion, attrition, corrasion, detrition - (erosion by friction) 3. grinding, abrasion, attrition, detrition - (the wearing down of rock particles by friction due to water or wind or ice) WN noun 'attrition': 5. attrition - (the act of rubbing together; wearing something down by friction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ablation, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :Rubbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ] . :AbradingaSurface :en "abrading a surface" ; :enn "abrading a surface" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AbradingaSurface'' is an Action in which some Agent causes part of the surface of a ''SurfaceOfaSolidObject'' to be removed from that object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaShapeChange, :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOfaSolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :Abrasive :guid "bdf2eaed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :AbrasiveMaterial ; :wnsense "abrasive1adj", "scratchy1adj" ; :wordnet "abrasive", "scratchy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of being so #$Rough in texture that it wears material of something with which there is a #$TranslationAlongASurface. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abrasive' in Wordnet: 1. abrasive, scratchy - (causing abrasion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Granular, :Hard, :Rough . :AbrasiveMaterial :wnsense "abradant1n", "abrasive material1n", "abrasive1n" ; :wordnet "abradant", "abrasive", "abrasive material" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any *granular* material that is hard enough and fine enough to be used in an ''AbradingSomething'' Action. See also ''Sndpaper'' for abrasive substance in sheet form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abrasive material' in WordNet: 1. abrasive, abradant, abrasive material - (a substance that abrades or wears down) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abrasive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Abridged :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Abridging ; :wnsense "abridged1adj" ; :wordnet "abridged" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abridged'' is the attribute of an ''Abridgment'', an ''AbstractText'' produced by an ''Abridging'' action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abridged' in Wordnet: 1. abridged - ((used of texts) shortened by condensing or rewriting; 'an abridged version') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Abridging :wnsense "abbreviate2v", "abridge2v", "contract9v", "cut37v", "foreshorten1v", "reduce15v", "shorten2v" ; :wordnet "abbreviate", "abridge", "contract", "cut", "foreshorten", "reduce", "shorten" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abridging'' is a ''Shortening'' of some Abstract text by removing some parts retaining or restating the most essenstial parts. This is not a ''Compressing'' because some parts are omitted. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'abridge' in WordNet: 2. abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce - (reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; 'The manuscript must be shortened') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contracting, :ImpartingAnAttribute, :Shortening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abridged ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractText ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abridgment ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Abridgment :wnsense "abridgement1n", "abridgment1n", "capsule4n", "condensation5n" ; :wordnet "abridgement", "abridgment", "capsule", "condensation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Abridgment'' is a 'SummaryText' produced by an ''Abridging'' action. NOTE that a ''SummaryText'' is a ''LinguisticAssertion'', so this does not apply to questions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abridgment' in WordNet: 1. (1) condensation, abridgement, abridgment, capsule - (a shortened version of a written work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SummaryText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abridged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Abroad :ldoce "abroad" ; :wnsense "abroad1adv", "abroad3adv", "beyond the sea1adv", "over the sea1adv", "overseas1adv", "overseas2adv" ; :wordnet "abroad", "beyond the sea", "over the sea", "overseas" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abroad'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that indicates that the thing or event characterized occurs or is located in a Country other than the country of reference - not necessarily beyond a sea (which should be a subtype). Includes adverb senses 1 and 3 of 'abroad' in WordNet: 1. (8) abroad - (to or in a foreign country; 'they had never travelled abroad') 3. (1) overseas, beyond the sea, over the sea, abroad - (in a place across an ocean) WN adverb 'overseas': 1. (1) oversea, overseas - (beyond or across the sea; 'He lived overseas for many years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Absence :ldoce "absence" ; :wnsense "absence1n" ; :wordnet "absence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Absence' is a StaticSituation in which some Object or Substance or Event is *not* located in some Place for some TimeInterval. The thing 'absent' must be specified by relation 'hadMissingThing'. For a relative absence (less than normal level of something) the relation ''hadMissingThing'' can specify the lacking thing If there is partial absence, the subproperty 'isaLowLevelOf' can be used instead. For a complete or almost complete absence the subproperty ''isTheAbsenceOf'' should be used instead. See also the PersistentState subtype 'LackingSomething'. This is intimately related to 'locatedAt', but is an aspect of that relation that is represented by a PersistentEvent. This allows certain assertions that would be awkward to represent otherwise. To represent the fact that an Object (or activity) is known *not* to be in a particular location, use 'Absence'. This can also be used to indicate the presence of substances (e.g. toxic waste) at a location. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'absence' in WordNet: 1. (25) absence - - (the state of being absent; 'he was surprised by the absence of any explanation') 2. (8) absence - - (failure to be present) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StaticSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMissingThing ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericAgent :SubstanceType :EventType :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :Absent :isTheOppositeOf :Present-NotAbsent ; :ldoce "absent" ; :wnsense "absent1adj" ; :wordnet "absent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Absent' is a property of an Object or Event or attribute that is ''Nonexistent'' in some particular TimeAndPlace. See, for example, 'Absentee'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'absent' in WordNet: 1. (12) absent - (not in a specified place physically or mentally) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nonexistent . :AbsentMinded :wnsense "absent2adj", "absentminded1adj", "abstracted2adj", "scatty2adj" ; :wordnet "absent", "absentminded", "abstracted", "scatty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AbsentMinded'' is a vaguely defined attribute of a Person who does not seems to fully focus on activities going on or on things in the environment, potentially causing forgetulness. RHW: so lost in thought that one does not realize what one is doing, what is happening, etc.; preoccupied to the extent of being unaware of one's immediate surroundings. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'absent-minded' in Wordnet: 1. (3) absent, absentminded, abstracted, scatty - (lost in thought; showing preoccupation; 'an absent stare'; 'an absentminded professor'; 'the scatty glancing quality of a hyperactive but unfocused intelligence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distracted . :Absentee :wnsense "absentee1n" ; :wordnet "absentee" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Absentee' is the Role of a Person who is absent from some Place (at some interval of time) or from some Event, in cases where the presence of that person was or could be expected. In some senses disjoint with 'attendee'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'absentee' in WordNet: 1. absentee - (one that is absent or not in residence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :ThingAbsent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingAbsent ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Absenteeism :wnsense "absenteeism1n" ; :wordnet "absenteeism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Absenteeism'' is a habitual ''BeingAbsent'' - here it can be an absence from Work or School.. NOTE: The restriction sets a minimum number of absences as 3, but that would depend on time interval and circumstances, and the full representation of this can be rather complicated, excluding vacations, sick leave, etc. Place of absence can be either Work or School so the WN gloss appears more restrictive than the meaning of this type. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'absenteeism' in WordNet: 1. (1) absenteeism - (habitual absence from work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingAbsent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingAbsent ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Classroom :Workplace ) ] ] . :Absinthe :wnsense "absinth1n", "absinthe2n" ; :wordnet "absinth", "absinthe" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Absinthe'' is a ''Liqueur'' prepared from the 'common wormwood' plant RHW: 1. a green, aromatic liqueur that is 68 percent alcohol, is made with wormwood and other herbs, and has a bitter, licorice flavor: now banned in most Western countries. 'absinthe makes the tart grow fonder' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'absinthe' in WordNet: 2. absinth, absinthe - (strong green liqueur flavored with wormwood and anise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Liqueur, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wormwood ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BitterTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alcohol65-70perCent ; owl:onProperty :hasFractionalComponent ] . :Absolute :wnsense "absolute1adj", "absolute2adj", "absolute4adj", "absolute5adj", "downright2adj", "out-and-out1adj", "rank4adj", "sheer1adj", "total3adj" ; :wordnet "absolute", "downright", "out-and-out", "rank", "sheer", "total" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Absolute'' is an attribute of something that completely and fully has the quality implied or typical for its kind; unqualified and complete. Often modifies the nominal form of an adjectie: 'absolute silence' (=completely silent), absolute freedom' (= completely free) Includes adjective sense 1,2, 4, and 5 of 'absolute' in WordNet: 1. (11) absolute - (perfect or complete or pure; 'absolute loyalty'; 'absolute silence'; 'absolute truth'; 'absolute alcohol') 2. (4) absolute, downright, out-and-out, rank, right-down, sheer - ' 'absolute freedom'; 'an absolute dimwit'; 'a downright lie'; 'out-and-out mayhem'; 'an out-and-out lie'; 'a rank outsider'; 'many right-down vices'; 'got the job through sheer persistence'; 'sheer stupidity') 4. absolute, conclusive - (expressing finality with no implication of possible change; 'an absolute guarantee to respect the nation's authority'; 'inability to make a conclusive refusal') 5. absolute, total, unconditioned - (without conditions or limitations; 'a total ban') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Complete . :Absolving :wnsense "absolve1v", "absolve2v" ; :wordnet "absolve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Absolving'' is a ''Forgiving'' in which the forgiver not only 'forgives' (ceases to blame) the offender, but also releases that Person from punishment for the offense. @TODo1: parent for 2: removing a restraint? obligation? The two WN senses are distinguishable, but have the same parent type. Different types should be created. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'absolve' in WordNet: 1. absolve - (grant remission of a sin to; 'The priest absolved him and told him to say ten Hail Mary's') 2. absolve, justify, free - (let off the hook; 'I absolve you from this responsibility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forgiving . :Absorbed :isAnAttributeValueOf :LiquidSubstance, :LiquidSubstanceType ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AbsorptionEvent ; :wnsense "absorbed3adj" ; :wordnet "absorbed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Absorbed'' is an attribute of a Liquid that was taken into some absorbent material or object. NOT for mental 'absorption' - see ''AbsorbedIn''. This is a form of 'contained' = Relation? Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'absorbed' in Wordnet: 3. absorbed - (taken in through the pores of a surface; 'the absorbed water expanded the sponge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :AbsorbedIn :hasAdverbialForm :Busily ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Concentrating, :EngagingInAnActivity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unoccupied ; :wnsense "absorbed1adj", "engrossed1adj", "intent1adj", "wrapped2adj" ; :wordnet "absorbed", "engrossed", "intent", "wrapped" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AbsorbedIn'' is an intensive level of ''Busy '', an attribute of people who are not merely performing some activity, but are deeply concentrating on the performance, For liquid absorption, use ''Absorbed'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'absorbed' in WordNet: 1. (4) captive, absorbed, engrossed, enwrapped, intent, wrapped - (giving or marked by complete attention to; 'that engrossed look or rapt delight'; 'then wrapped in dreams'; 'so intent on this fantastic...narrative that she hardly stirred'- Walter de la Mare; 'rapt with wonder'; 'wrapped in thought') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Busy, :Engrossed . :Absorbency :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Absorbent ; :wnsense "absorbency1n" ; :wordnet "absorbency" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Absorbency'' is a Quality of a SolidObject (or of a substance of which such SolidObjects are composed) that is ''Absorbent'', having sufficient ''permeability'' to draw in liquids by capillary action. ''Absorbency'' is the nominalized form of ''Absorbent'' - things that *are* ''Absorbent'' *have* ''Absorbency''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'absorbency' in WordNet: 1. (1) absorbency - (the property of being absorbent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Permeability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absorbent ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Absorbent :wnsense "absorbent1adj", "absorptive1adj" ; :wordnet "absorbent", "absorptive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of solid substances or objects by which they are capable of absorbing water and/or some other liquids, such as oil. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'absorbent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) absorbent, absorptive - (having power or capacity or tendency to absorb or soak up something (liquids or energy etc.); 'as absorbent as a sponge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Permeable, :Solid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbsorptionEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :AbsorbentObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object that is Absorbent, i.e. capable of absorbing liquids. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absorbent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbsorptionEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :AbsorbentPaper :en "absorbant paper" ; :enn "absorbant paper" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Absorbent ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An artifactual ''TissuePaper'' that is Absorbent, designed to be used to absorb liquids or be used for wiping surfaces, like as paper hankies or paper napkins. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TissuePaper . :AbsorbentSubstance :wnsense "absorbent material1n", "absorbent1n" ; :wordnet "absorbent", "absorbent material" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AbsorbentSubstance'' is a ''GranularSubstance'' that is capable of absorbing liquids of some type.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'absorbent' in WordNet: 1. absorbent material, absorbent - (a material having capacity or tendency to absorb another substance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absorbent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbsorptionEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Absorption :en "absorbing" ; :wnsense "absorb1v", "absorption1n", "sop up1v", "take in13v", "take in3v", "take up11v" ; :wordnet "absorb", "absorption", "sop up", "take in", "take up" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event in which a PhysicalObject (liquid or solid) binds some fluid substance (gas or liquid) without reacting with it, by holding it in solution or holding it in some internal cavities. See the subtypes for more clarification. NOTE that some of the Wordnet subtypes onclude chemical or physical Events or processes (flow, decay, oscillation) that may occur within humans, but not necessarily as a result of human volition. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'absorption' and verb senses 1 and 4 (non metaphorical) of 'absorb' in WordNet: 1. (4) absorption, soaking up - ((chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid) WN verb 'absorb': 1. (12) absorb - (become imbued; 'The liquids, light, and gases absorb') 4. (4) absorb, suck, imbibe, soak up, sop up, suck up, draw, take in, take up - (take in, also metaphorically; 'The sponge absorbs water well'; 'She drew strength from the minister's words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :FluidSubstance ) ] ] . :AbsorptionEvent :en "absorbing", "sopping up" ; :guid "bd588436-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "absorb4v", "draw25v", "soak up1v", "sop up1v", "suck4v", "take in13v", "take up11v" ; :wordnet "absorb", "draw", "soak up", "sop up", "suck", "take in", "take up" ; a :CapabilityType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the most general sense of 'absorb' or 'absorbing' in which some *liquid* is either drawn in by capillary action into some porous Object or substance, or adsorbed onto the surface of a granular material, having much the same effect as if the liquid had been drawn into pores in the material. This is a transitive Event with the object specialized for liquids, whereas the parent type ''Absorption'' can also be for gases and can be performed by a liquid, not only a solid. The result is that some portion of liquid is captured by some solid Object or solid substance so that it cannot flow freely, and may be carried away with the solid material. This can be used for towels absorbing water or absorbent materials sopping up spilled oil in an oil slick. Not for adsorption of gases. NOTE: CYC mentions a ''membrane'' but that is interpreted here as a 'porous' object. This is not for transport of subsances across a membrane as in organisms or desalinization. CYC: The event in which objects are taken into some structure across some membrane. Corresponds to part of verb sense 4 of 'absorb' in WordNet (for literal physical absorption): in WordNet: 4. (4) absorb, suck, imbibe, soak up, sop up, suck up, draw, take in, take up - (take in, also metaphorically; 'The sponge absorbs water well'; 'She drew strength from the minister's words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absorption, :FluidFlow-Translation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absorbed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :AbsorptionOfRadiation :wnsense "absorption2n" ; :wordnet "absorption" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AbsorptionOfRadiation'' is a ''NaturalPhenomenon'' in which some portion of the ''Radiation' passing through a PhysicalObject interacts with the Object and fails to pass through. The amount absorbed depends on the type of radiation, the type of PhysicalObject, and the length of the path of the radiation through the PhysicalObject. Very little may be absorbed (e.g. for ''Neutrino''s) or all may be absorbed, as for Light impinging on a Black opaque object. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'absorption' in WordNet: 2. (3) absorption - ((physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium; 'the absorption of photons by atoms or molecules') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, :EnergyTransferEvent, :NaturalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Radiation ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Abstainer :wnsense "abstainer2n", "abstinent1n", "nondrinker1n", "teetotaler1n", "teetotalist1n", "teetotaller1n" ; :wordnet "abstainer", "abstinent", "nondrinker", "teetotaler", "teetotalist", "teetotaller" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who completely abstains from drinking alcohol. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'abstainer' in WordNet: 2. abstainer, abstinent, nondrinker - (a person who refrains from drinking intoxicating beverages) WN noun'teetotaler': 1. (1) teetotaler, teetotaller, teetotalist - (a total abstainer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalPatient, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstainingFromAlcohol ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abstemious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AbstainingFromAlcohol :eng "abstaining" ; :wnsense "abstain2v", "abstention1n", "abstinence1n" ; :wordnet "abstain", "abstention", "abstinence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AbstainingFromAlcohol'' is a ''Refraining'' from consumption of any ''AlcoholoicBeverage'', for some period of time. This is a Persistent state and may continue indefinitely. Performed by an ''Abstainer'' NOTE: this is for total abstinance from all alcohol. Different degres of abstinence and different things abstained from can be represented by similar types with different objects of abstention in the restrictions. Corresponds to part (for alcoholoic beverages) of verb sense 2 of 'abstain' in WordNet: 2. (1) abstain, refrain, desist - (choose not to consume; 'I abstain from alcohol') WN noun 'abstinence': 1. abstinence, abstention - (the trait of abstaining (especially from alcohol)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :Refraining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage ] . :Abstemious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Abstainer, :Person ; :wnsense "abstemious1adj" ; :wordnet "abstemious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abstemious'' characterizes a Person who refrains from some form of Pleasure - usually some pleasure of 'the Flesh', usually referring to eating and drinking, especially alcoholic beverages, but sometimes referring to abstaining from sexual activity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abstemious' in Wordnet: 1. abstemious - (sparing in consumption of especially food and drink; 'the pleasures of the table, never of much consequence to one naturally abstemious'- John Galsworthy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Abstract :CYC "Intangible" ; :en "intangible" ; :guid "bd58e3a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Physical-Material ; :wnsense "abstract1adj" ; :wordnet "abstract" ; a :AdjectiveType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abstract'' describes things (Objects or Events) that are not ''Concrete'' (PhysicalObjects or are Events or Processes involving Physicalobjects), but usually are MentalObjects or Mathematical things, which may be represented by PhysicalObjects. Whether an Abstract thing 'exists' is debatable,though it can be said to 'exist' if it has a representation in some PhysicalObject. Anything that a Person conceives would then 'exist' as long as that Person is thinking of it,or puts it into symbolic form. See more at ''AbstractEntity''. Essentially equivalent to CYC 'Intangible': The collection of things that are not physical - are not made of, or encoded in, matter. Every #$Collection is an #$Intangible (even if its instances are tangible), and so are some #$Individuals. Caution: do not confuse 'tangibility' with 'perceivability' -- humans can perceive light even though it's intangible--at least in a sense. For more on this issue, see the relevant #$cyclistNotes. This is broader than WN sense 1: if something has any kind of representation in a physicalobject, it satisfies the COSMO criterion for 'existence', in the RealWorld.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abstract' in WordNet: 1. (5) abstract - (existing only in the mind; separated from embodiment; 'abstract words like 'truth' and 'justice'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AbstractBroadcast a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AbstractBroadcast'' is an ''AbstractDocument'' consisting of the lingistic (''Textual'') content (including images and AbstractVideo) in any ''MediaTransmitting'' Event,whether broadcast by radio waves or carried over 'cable', inteded for a large audience and produced by an identifiable Organization. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :MediaTransmitting ] . :AbstractCharacter :ldoce "character" ; :wnsense "character8n", "grapheme1n", "graphic symbol1n" ; :wordnet "character", "grapheme", "graphic symbol" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractCharacter is an AbstractSymbol that is one of the symbols contained in some linguistic alphabet, or any other symbol used in typography or in the control of format during electronic transmission of information. In information processing systems, any sequence of bits having the proper length for use in strings (e.g., seven bits or eight bits or sixteen bits) can count as an AbstractCharacter, the length depending on the computational context. An AbstractCharacter will have a graphical representation (may have multiple different representations in different fonts), and the graphical representations can be distinguished from each other by their shape, but as an AbstractCharacter per se, it can have properties that are independent of the shape, such as the fact that a certain sequence of characters form a certain word. Therefore it is necessary to maintain the distinction between an AbstracgtCharacgter and its graphical representation. For example, a pdf document may have page images that consist wholly of representations of text - yet it is stored as an image. The distinction has to be made between such images of text and the AbstractText that is represented by that image, and the distinction must be in the way the image is composed - of lines, pixels, or other graphical elements, whereas the text is a linear arrangement of abstract characters, requiring no specification of graphical form for the characters. Specifying the graphical representation of an AbstractCharacter is not essential to distinguish one AbstractCharacter from another, at the abstract level. NOTE that Wordnet does not distinguish between abstract characters and their physical representation, The same labels are used for both in COSMO, and which applies to a specific use depends on the context. e.g. 'the Greek alphabet has 24 characters' would have to refer to the abstract characters - there are billions of ''PhysicalCharacter''s representing greek letters. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'character' in WordNet: 8. character, grapheme, graphic symbol - (a written symbol that is used to represent speech; 'the Greek alphabet has 24 characters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalCharacter ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :AbstractDigitalObject a :AbstractObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AbstractInformationStore' on which the information is encoded digitally, that is in binary form, not easily readable by humans and depends on machines.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractInformationStore, :GenericLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DigitalInformationBearingObject ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :AbstractDocument :wnsense "document2n" ; :wordnet "document" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :LocationType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractDocument is an abstract symbolic object that has at least one part that is an AbstractText. Note that this 'document' is abstract, not a physical document. Each AbstractDocument has at least one physical object that represents that document. Note that a one-way message can be considered as a complete document, but is more specific in having a sender and a list of intended recipients. NOTE that this is considered as a 'location' so that information in documents can be considered to be 'located' in those documents. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'document' in WordNet: 2. (1) document - (anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractInformationStore, :AbstractSymbolicObject, :ConceptualWork, :GenericLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractText ; owl:onProperty :containsSymbolicObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Document-Physical ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :AbstractEntity :wnel "2.2" ; :wnsense "abstract entity1n" ; :wnsynset "abstract entity - (an entity that exists only abstractly)" ; :wordnet "abstract entity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most general Type for Objects whose subtypes are abstract - intangible - i.e. things that do *not* have mass. Note that AbstractEntity is not a subtype of AbstractObject - the name 'Abstract' is retained for alignment with other ontologies. NOTE in particular that AbstractEntity is not disjoint from MentalObject, which may be created by people in space and time, and have a location in space and time. The kind of abstract things that do not have a location in space and time are under 'AbstractObject' in COSMO. COSMO Note: the notion of 'Abstract' has historically been somewhat vague. It is often defined by saying that it represents things 'not located in space or time' - but then subclasses are defined which are clearly mental constructs with a defined creation time (e.g. musical compositions) - which means that they must indeed be located in time and space. In this ontology we distinguish 'Abstract' things from 'MentalObjects' - the latter are things created by IntelligentAgents (people) that have no mass, and therefore would traditionally be categorized as 'Abstract'. 'AbstractObject' here is used mostly to categorize mathematical things such as numbers, which arguably do not depend on intelligent entities for their existence. But 'AbstractEntities' and 'MentalObjects' are not considered disjoint here, so there is room for people to argue whether mathematical concepts are created or merely discovered by mathematicians - we take no position on that issue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abstract entity' in WordNet: 1. abstract entity - (an entity that exists only abstractly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abstract ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AbstractEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AbstractEvent' is an abstract entity that is analogous to a 'Event', but is atemporal in that the Objects whose properties are represented in an 'AbstractEvent' are not PhysicalObjects, but AbstractObjects, and the 'AbstractEvent' may persist only within some abstract 'dimension of causality', not within physical time. This type can be used to create an abstract representation of a physical 'WEvent', such as a 'Sound' which is represented in COSMO as the Event of sound wave propagation. One use of this is to have unique representations of certain 'Sound' events that may have multiple other representtons such as sound files in a computer or on a physical digital medium. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEntity . :AbstractImage :ldoce "image" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An abstract entity that may have physical represenation as an image - a picture, drawing, or any other graphical thing. (NOTE: this may also point to an image in the imagination or visual processing portion of a person's brain (a 'MentalImage'). The representation in that case is still a 'PhysicalObject' though it may not be easily recognized as such from outside the mind of the person imagining it.) NOTe that the actual Light waves that can be processed to create a physical representation of an ''AbstractImage'' in a brain or in some Device (e.g. camera) is represented in COSMO as a ''Scene'' (the light waves radiating from some object(s)) or a ''View'' (the light waves oserved by some (animate or inanimate) observer. A ''Reflection'' (as in a mirror) is a type of ''View''. An AbstractImage is typically an abstract representation of a PhysicalImage, and the restriction requires some PhysicalImage for each AbstractImage; but it is not always necessary to have an instance of PhysicalImage for each instance of AbstractImage (it can be purely in digital form and never represented in graphical form), so this restriction may be removed. For the initial phase, it is left in as a way to relate abstract and physical images. An AbstractImage can represent anything that can be seen - including a text. For example, a pdf document may have page images that consist wholly of representations of text - yet it is stored as an image. The distinction has to be made between such images of text and the AbstractText that is represented by that image, and the distinction must be in the way the image is composed - of lines, pixels, or other graphical elements, whereas the text is a linear arrangement of abstract characters, requiring no specification of graphical form for the characters. Of course, characters can take on different graphical forms, but that is a relation between the abstract character and its graphical representation, and is not essential to distinguish one AbstractCharacter from another, at the abstract level. A group of multiple images is included as a subtype. Writing is not usually considered as a graphical thing, but it is possible that some images may have writing in them, and images of writing are common. The distinction is in the way the entity is actually represented, abstractly and physically. An abstract image is not represented in WordNet, only mental and physical images. For the Physical Image on an Object, see 'StillImage'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, :GenericImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PhysicalImage ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :AbstractImageComponent a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AbstractImageComponent' is a a part of some 'AbstractImage' that represents some Object(s) that can be referred to by a single label. NOTE that an 'AbstractImageComponent' can only be a part of one 'AbstractImage'. even if there are many images that contain an identical component. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedInObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractImage ] . :AbstractInformationStore :guid "bdff6c64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc term: 'AspatialInformationStore' Cyc: A specialization of #$AspatialThing, #$IntangibleIndividual, and #$InformationStore. #$AspatialInformationStore is the collection of all information stores that have no spatial location. Specializations of #$AspatialInformationStore include #$ConceptualWork, #$Microtheory, #$AbstractInformationStructure, and #$FieldOfStudy. Although no instance of #$AspatialInformationStore has a spatial location, some instances can have multiple spatio-temporal embodiments . For example, an instance of #$PropositionalInformationThing may be the content of several concrete documents, such as several instances of #$BookCopy (see #$containsInfoPropositional-IBT); and several distinct events, such as spoken utterances, may have a certain unique #$Proposition as their content (see #$containsInformation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, :InformationStore . :AbstractLetter :ldoce "letter" ; :wnsense "letter1n" ; :wordnet "letter" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractLetter is an Abstract Document containing some AbstractText. It is the Abstract content of a physical 'Letter' (including digitally encoded letters such as an email). Since the AbstractLetter must has some text, so must the physical letter. A non-text material (e..g photographs sent in the mail) are not parts of the 'letter' proper, but are attachments to the Letter. Every AbstractLetter contains some AbstractText, but in order to discuss letters without requiring that the text be known, the restriction does not require that an instance of AbstractText be created. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'letter' in WordNet. but Wordnet does not distinguish the abstract and physical letters, so the word is ambiguous between the two senses in WordNet: 1. (475) letter, missive - (a written message addressed to a person or organization; 'mailed an indignant letter to the editor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractText ; owl:onProperty :containsSymbolicObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Letter :DigitalLetter ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :AbstractMusic a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AbstractMusic' is an 'AbstractSound' that is musical, of any duration. This type allows repreentation of a unique individual (e.g. 'Beethovens Ninth') so that assertions may be made regarding the meaningful content regardless of the physical form of any recording or performance of it. NOTE: See 'MusicalComposition' for an abstract representation of Music that is a 'Procedure', emphasizing the sequential nature of it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :representsPhysicalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Music ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :MusicalComposition ] . :AbstractMusicAlbum a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AbstractMusicAlbum'' is a Group of '''AbstractMusicRecording''s that are physically represented on some physical ''MusicAlbum''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractMusic, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :MusicAlbum ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractMusicRecording ] . :AbstractMusicRecording a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AbstractMusicRecording' is an 'AbstractMusic' that is the abstract representation of some physical recording made by a sound recording device. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractMusic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :MusicRecording ] . :AbstractObject a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractObject is an entity which does not exist in space or time. This is more stringent than merely not having mass, the criterion for belonging to 'AbstractEntity'. This category is mostly for mathematical concepts. Under 'AbstractEntity' we also have 'MentalObjects', which do exist in space and time. COSMO Note: the notion of 'Abstract' has historically been somewhat vague. It is often defined by saying that it represents things 'not located in space or time' - but then subclasses are defined which are clearly mental constructs with a defined creation time (e.g. musical compositions) - which means that they must indeed be located in time and space. In this ontology we distinguish generically 'Abstract' things from 'MentalObjects' - the latter are things created by IntelligentAgents (people) that have no mass, and therefore would traditionally be categorized as 'Abstract'. 'AbstractObject' here is used mostly to categorize mathematical things such as numbers, which arguably do not depend on intelligent entities for their existence. But 'AbstractEntities' and 'MentalObjects' are not considered disjoint here, so there is room for people to argue whether mathematical concepts are created or merely discovered by mathematicians - we take no position on that issue. See the note under 'AbstractEntity' to see how 'Abstract' is used in this ontology. The current (20061027) arrangement here is provisional, keeping some of the terminology from Cyc and SUMO for alignment - but it may be changed slightly in the future in a way that will not affect inferencing. Intangible_Cyc__Abstract_SUMO__abstract_object_ISO15926 ISO15926 An Abstract-object is a thing that does not exist in space-time. (COSMO note - this is not the interpretation in COSMO - MentalObjects are abstract, but they do 'exist' in our ordinary space and time.) SUMO: Abstract : Properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment. #$Intangible: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of things that are not physical - are not made of, or encoded in, matter. Every #$Collection is an #$Intangible (even if its instances are tangible), and so are some #$Individuals. Caution: do not confuse 'tangibility' with 'perceivability' - humans can perceive light even though it's intangible--at least in a sense. For more on this issue, see the relevant #$cyclistNotes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEntity, :IntangibleIndividual, :Object ; owl:disjointWith :PhysicalObject ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Object :IntangibleIndividual ) ] . :AbstractObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """AbstractObjectType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical objects and an argument restriction for various relations on 'AbstractObject' types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationType, :ObjectType . :AbstractPainting a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AbstractPainting' is an AbstractImage that is the abstract content of a physical 'Painting'. At least one such actual Painting must be specified. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Painting ] . :AbstractPhotograph a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AbstractPhotograph' is an AbstractImage that is the abstract content of a Photograph, i.e. an image created by a photographic device (not a painting ro sketch or drawing). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Photograph ] . :AbstractPrintableCharacter a :AbstractObjectType, :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AbstractPrintableCharacter'' is an AbstractSymbol is represented in visual form as a ''character'' in some printed text. Each ''AbstractPrintableCharacter'' has attributes that specify the font, which include the shape and size. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbol . :AbstractSound a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AbstractSound' is an 'AbstractEvent' that represents the 'Event' of sound wave propagation. The Sound represented can be of any duration. This may be represented abstractly by an ComputerFile-Abstract (such as a 'ComputerAudioFile') or physically by a PhysicalObject, such as a computer sound file in memory, or a CD, tape, or analog recording. One use of this is to have unique representations of certain 'Sound' events that may have multiple other representtons such as sound files in a computer or on a physical digital medium. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEvent, :InformationObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :representsPhysicalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sound ] . :AbstractState a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AbstractState' is an abstract entity that is analogous to a 'PersistentState', but is atemporal in that the Objects whose properties are represented in an 'AbstractState' are not PhysicalObjecs, but AbstractObjects, and the 'AbstractState' may persist only within some abstract 'dimension of causality', not within physical time. This type can model the 'state' of an AbstractObject or a model that may have more than one configuration, and may be used to represent the states of a 'Procedure' (which see) or computational process in which the steps in the computation are in effect mathematical representations, which may be represented and calculated without specifying any physical time required for each step. The states of a Turing Machine or Petri Net may be represented by this type. This type can also represent the states of an abstract mathematical process in which transformation occur to mathematical objects during that process. John Sowa stated (in Ontolog Forum) referred to 'states' that are in effect what are represented here: [It is possible (and I believe preferable) to specify states and processes as abstractions. There is no need to assume anything about a physical time or space (4D, 3D, or whatever) in order to define a Turing machine, a finite-state machine, or a Petri net. If you define states and processes abstractly, you can use them to specify computations, data structures, etc., independently of anything physical. If you do so, you can formalize communications among systems in a purely abstract way - - independent of any assumptions about any ontology of physics, space, time, matter, etc.] An AbstractState, as in a PersistentState, will be a Group of assertions about relations among AbstractObjects (which may be intended to represent Physical Objects, but without reference to an actual Event located in physical Time). The states represented in the Process Specification Language would be such AbstractStates, as would the states in a Procedure (a 'MentalObject'). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEvent . :AbstractString :wnsense "string5n" ; :wordnet "string" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractString is a linear array (A List) of basic characters in some character set (not necessarily just an alphabet). It is the abstract representation of the characters, and the base string will not have any formatting, either of font or size or capitalization. Formatting can be represented as attributes of a String. Every defined instance of AbstractString should be represented by a datatype String using the relation 'hasStringRepresentation', unless it is a binary string, or has a number of bits that is not evenly divisible by 8 (in which case, a BinaryString should be used). The name of the AbstractString in the ontology can be very much shorter than the actual String represented; e.g. the string representation of AbstractString 'WarAndPeace' might be the full text of a long book. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'string' in WordNet: 5. (1) string - (a linear sequence of symbols (characters or words or phrases)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :LinearlyOrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractCharacter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :AbstractSymbol a :AbstractObjectType, :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A AbstractSymbol is a unit mental object which is created to serve as a Symbol, and cannot be broken in parts without destroying much of the meaning of the symbol. Examples are single characters in some language or graphical icons representing ideas or objects. The more interesting Symbols are texts and images.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject . :AbstractSymbolicObject a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A AbstractSymbolicObject is a mental object which is created to serve as a Symbol, i.e. to represent something other than itself. This is not a physical object, but more abstract, such as the letter 'a', which may have representations in billions of different physical objects, but retains its identity as the unique (Roman alphabet) letter 'a'. Every SymbolicObject is represented in at least one PhysicalObject, even if only the brain of the person who created it. The more interesting SymbolicObjects are texts and documents. This Type is approximately equal to,and merged with, the Cyc 'AbstractInformationStructure' From Cyc: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A subcollection of #$AbstractInformationalThing whose instances involve symbols standing in certain relations to one another. Important specializations include #$CharacterString and #$Sentence. #$AbstractInformationStructure also includes abstract diagrams, graphs, and bit strings. The collection can be more precisely defined as follows: Each #$AbstractInformationStructure is such that each of its physical instantiations (see #$instantiationOfAIS) consists of instantiations of instances of #$AtomicSymbol-Abstract, arranged in a certain way. For example, the abstract sentence 'The pig flies' is an #$AbstractInformationStructure. Each written instantiation of it consists of an instantiation of the words (symbols) 'The', 'pig' and 'flies', written in that order. (If the #$AbstractInformationStructure 'The pig flies' were spoken, the same words would appear in the same order, i.e. 'The' first, etc., but the sequence would be determined by the arrangement of the words in time, rather than space.) Likewise with abstract diagrams, graphs, etc. Each of these is such that their physical instantiations consist of arrangements of instantiations of instances of #$AtomicSymbol-Abstract. A hard copy of a wiring diagram consists of a group of concrete symbols representing various circuit components, in which these symbols are spatially arranged in a certain in way. The arrangement of the concrete symbols in an instantiation of an #$AbstractInformationStructure is not always a simple matter of arrangement in space or time. The sequence of symbols '0010010111011001' can be instantiated in written, spoken, or electronic forms. In the last case, the order of the symbols is determined by conventions concerning the electronic medium in which it is stored, rather than by any common criterion for precedence or subsequence in space or time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalReferringThing, :InformationBearingThing, :InformationObject, :SymbolicThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :AbstractText :en "abstract text" ; :enn "abstract text" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractText is the abstract representation of some linguistic expressions. An AbstractText need not have some representation in a PhysicalObject, it can have a physical representation in some spoken words or otherwise briefly communicated linguistic expressions that are not recorded; this is a string of linguistic symbols that represent the yet more abstract propositional content of some linguistic phrase. A written text may have formatting, such as columns and rows, beyond simple linear text; it may also contain non-textual material, such as images, charts, or even multimedia (in the case of electronic versions). Any AbstractText has parts which are also AbstractText - an AbstractText need not be a complete document, but can be part of a document. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ; owl:onProperty :hasStringRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Textual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AbstractVideo :wnsense "video1n", "video2n" ; :wordnet "video" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AbstractVideo' is an AbstractObject composed of a SeriesOfImages and possibly also a SoundTrack. The method of arrangement of the images and sound are not specified, and can be in any format, separate or interlaced. This type can be used to represent the unique AbstractObject that is represented by any of multiple copies of a 'ComputerVideoFile'. Thus one can refer to an 'AbstractVideo' and decide if it is identical to another 'AbstractVideo' represented in a different 'ComputerVideoFile', even if the files have different names. A 'Movie' is similar to an 'AbstractVideo', but is composed to tell a story. Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'video' in WordNet, but this is an 'AbstractVideo' and WN has no exactly comparable sense: in WordNet: 1. (1) video, picture - (the visible part of a television transmission; 'they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone') 2. (1) video recording, video - (a recording of both the video and audio components (especially one containing a recording of a movie or television program)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :LinearlyOrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SeriesOfImages ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SoundTrack ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ComputerVideoFile ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :AbstractView :en "abstract image", "abstract view" ; :enn "abstract image", "abstract view" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AbstractView'' is an ''InformationBearingThing'' that contains the information in a ''View'' - which could be a single still image or a series of images that represent the ''View'' of (the light waves transmited by) an Event. This is the ''InformationBearingThing'' that is transmitted in the ''VideoSignal'' of a television broadcast, or of any other image capturing device. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericImage, :InformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :View ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ImageCaptureEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Abstraction :wnsense "abstraction1n", "abstraction6n" ; :wordnet "abstraction" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Abstraction'' is a ''MentalObject'' that was created by an IntelligentAgent to represent some Entity or Group of entities, usually Physical, by omitting details, to make analysis easier. Includes noun senses 1 and 6 of 'abstraction' in Wordnet: 1. (5) abstraction, abstract - (a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance; 'he loved her only in the abstract--not in person') 6. abstraction - (a general concept formed by extracting common features from specific examples) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEntity, :MentalObject . :Abstruse :isTheOppositeOf :Clear ; :wnsense "abstruse1adj", "deep14adj", "recondite1adj" ; :wordnet "abstruse", "deep", "recondite" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'abstruse' in Wordnet: 1. abstruse, deep, recondite - (difficult to penetrate; incomprehensible to one of ordinary understanding or knowledge; 'the professor's lectures were so abstruse that students tended to avoid them'; 'a deep metaphysical theory'; 'some recondite problem in historiography') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DifficultToUnderstand . :Abundance :wnsense "abundance1n", "copiousness1n", "plenitude1n", "plenteousness1n", "plentifulness1n", "plentitude1n", "plenty1n", "teemingness1n" ; :wordnet "abundance", "copiousness", "plenitude", "plenteousness", "plentifulness", "plentitude", "plenty", "teemingness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abundance'' is a PersistentState in which many (more than three, and more than enough for some Agent's purpose), are present somewhere (location is usually specified in assertions), those things being usually accessible to some agent. NOTE: for the 'property' (attribute) of having plenty,use the ''VerbalQuantifier'' - ''AlotOf''. This WN gloss states that this is a 'property', but this COSMO type represents a ''PersistentState''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abundance' in WordNet: 1. (2) abundance, copiousness, teemingness - (the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply; 'an age of abundance') WN noun 'plenty' 1. (13) plenty, plentifulness, plenteousness, plenitude, plentitude - (a full supply; 'there was plenty of food for everyone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :HavingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abundant ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :AbundanceOfFood :en "abundance of food" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AbundanceOfFood'' is a PersistentState in which there is an ''Abundant'',suppy of ''Food'' and ''Beverage''s, more than enough to satisfy the hunger of all who are present at that stuation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abundance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FoodObject :ObjectType :Food :FoodType :BeverageType ) ] ] . :Abundant :isMoreIntenseThan :Plentiful ; :wnsense "abundant1adj" ; :wordnet "abundant" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abundant' is even more than''Plentiful'', more than one is likely to use by oneself. If the thing that is ''Abundant'' can be a nuisance or harmful, that would be ''TooMuch'' or ''Excessive''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abundant' in WordNet: 1. (1) abundant - (present in great quantity; 'an abundant supply of water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plentiful . :Abuser :wnsense "abuser1n", "maltreater1n" ; :wordnet "abuser", "maltreater" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Abuser'' is for someone who performs ''SexualAbuse''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abuser' in WordNet: 1. abuser, maltreater - (someone who abuses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wrongdoer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualAbuse ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :AbusingAnAnimal :wnsense "abuse3n", "ill-treatment1n", "ill-usage1n", "maltreatment1n", "misuse1n" ; :wordnet "abuse", "ill-treatment", "ill-usage", "maltreatment", "misuse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AbusingAnAnimal'' is an ''AbusingSomething'' where the thing abused is an Animal, Human or non-human. This form of abuse is a ''HarmingAnAgent'' where the 'harm' is some form (physical or psychological or social) of harm inflicted on the animal abused. For the specific case of abusing a Person use the subtype ''MistreatingaPerson''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'abuse' in WordNet: 1. (1) maltreatment, ill-treatment, ill-usage, abuse - (cruel or inhumane treatment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbusingSomething, :HarmingAnAgent . :AbusingSomething :wnsense "abuse1n", "abuse3n", "abuse4v", "misuse1n" ; :wordnet "abuse", "misuse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AbusingSomething'' is a general type of Action affecting something in a negative way, but the thing affected can be abstract or concrete. One may abuse people or animals,but can also abuse a Privilege or right. The notion of 'substance abuse' (see WN sense 3) is included, as a subtype of 'abusing a right' (i.e. the right to use something).. The abstract and concrete meanings can be created as subtypes. Includes noun sense 3 and verb senses 1, 2,and 4 of 'abuse' in WordNet: 3. misuse, abuse - (improper or excessive use) WN verb 'abuse': 4. abuse - (use wrongly or improperly or excessively; 'Her husband often abuses alcohol'; 'while she was pregnant, she abused drugs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :BadThing, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :Abusive :isAnAttributeValueOf :MistreatingaPerson, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :MistreatingaPerson ; :wnsense "abusive2adj" ; :wordnet "abusive" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abusive'' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person of an Action and of a Person performing that action, in which some Person is harmed physically or emotionally (psychologically), in a manner that is not typically considered as socially proper. NOTE this attribute can characterize people or the Actions of people, and which meaning is intended needs to be inferred from the context of usage. (could be divided into subattributes, if there are linguistic phrases other than the object of the attribute that make that distinction clear. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'abusive' in Wordnet: 2. abusive - (characterized by physical or psychological maltreatment; 'abusive punishment'; 'argued...that foster homes are abusive') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Harmful . :Abutting :eng "adjoining", "bordering" ; :wnsense "abut1v", "adjoin1v", "border5v", "butt against1v", "butt on1v", "butt3v" ; :wordnet "abut", "adjoin", "border", "butt", "butt against", "butt on" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Abutting'' is the state of two Objects that are in touch on at least one side that is neither the top nor bottom of the objects, i.e. they 'adjoin' each other on a horizontal plane. NOTE that the subject of this state is an ''PairOfObjects'', which is two ''PhysicalObject''s. Thus if geographical regions are being described, they must be represented by ''GeographicalArea''s which are physicalObjects and not regions of space. NOTE2: describing two things as ''Abutting'' is equivalent to relating one to the other by the relation ''isAdjacentTo''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abut' in WordNet: 1. border, adjoin, edge, abut, march, butt, butt against, butt on - (lie adjacent to another or share a boundary; \"Canada adjoins the U.S.\"; \"England marches with Scotland\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TouchingState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfObjects ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :Abyss :wnsense "abysm1n", "abyss1n" ; :wordnet "abysm", "abyss" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Abyss'' is a ''Chasm'' that is so deep it appears bottomless from the edge or top part. Used frequently to refer to deep parts of an Ocean. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'abyss' in WordNet: 1. (3) abyss, abysm - (a bottomless gulf or pit; any unfathomable (or apparently unfathomable) cavity or chasm or void extending below (often used figuratively)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chasm . :AbyssinianCat :guid "c060a76e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Abyssinian cat1n", "Abyssinian1n" ; :wordnet "Abyssinian", "Abyssinian cat" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each #$Abyssinian-Cat is a slender shorthaired cat with a reddish coat, having tabby-like markings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Abyssinian cat' in WordNet: 1. Abyssinian, Abyssinian cat - (a small slender short-haired breed of African origin having brownish fur with a reddish undercoat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticCat . :Acacia :guid "bd58b5eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "acacia1n" ; :wordnet "acacia" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A member of the genus Acacia. These are small trees or shrubs, often with thorns, occurring in arid climates. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acacia' in WordNet: 1. acacia - (any of various spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Acacia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Legume-ThePlant, :LegumeOrder, :Plant-Woody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prickly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Academia :wnsense "academe1n", "academia1n" ; :wordnet "academe", "academia" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Academia''is a ''SocialDomain'' consisting of the people who teach or perform research at colleges or universities or acadeies, as well as the administrators. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'academia' in WordNet: 1. academia, academe - (the academic world) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialDomain . :Academic :pertainsTo :AcademicProfessional, :College, :Educating, :Education, :School, :University ; :wnsense "academic1adj" ; :wordnet "academic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Academic'' is a broad ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to schools, teaching, education or faculty members of colleges or discussions considered abstruse rather than practical Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'academic' in WordNet: 1. (18) academic - (associated with academia or an academy; 'the academic curriculum'; 'academic gowns') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AcademicActivity :en "academic activity" ; :enn "academic activity" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AcademicActivity'' is any kind of ''HumanActivity'' that occurs mostly or exclusively within some AcademicOrganization or some ''School''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AcademicOrganization :OrganizationType :School ) ] ] . :AcademicAdministrator :wnsense "academic administrator1n" ; :wordnet "academic administrator" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'academic administrator' in WordNet: 1. academic administrator - (an administrator in a college or university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Administrator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HigherEducationManagementEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :AcademicDepartment :guid "bd589644-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "academic department1n" ; :wordnet "academic department" ; a :DepartmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Department'' of any educational institution, not just universities. The subtype 'ResearchOrganization' is added temporarily (Rev1285) but should not be applied to high-school departments. CYC A collection of sub-organizations. Each instance of #$AcademicDepartment is a major subdivision of an educational institution, with the primary purpose of research and/or teaching related to a particular academic discipline or subject-matter. See also #$SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'academic department' in WordNet: 1. academic department - (a division of a school that is responsible for a given subject) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcademicOrganization, :Department, :ResearchOrganization . :AcademicManagementEvent a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AcademicManagementEvent'' is a ''ManagementEvent'' that manages some activities within an ''AcademicOrganization'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcademicActivity, :ManagementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :AcademicOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DirectingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :AcademicOrganization :en "academic organization" ; :enn "academic organization" ; :guid "be6e7288-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$EducationalOrganizations whose educators consist of #$AcademicProfessionals. For example, #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12, and #$HigherEducationInstitution are subcollections of #$AcademicOrganization , whereas dance studios and figure skating schools are not, even though the latter have employees who educate others. Assertions about #$AcademicOrganizations should be made in the #$AcademicLifeMt.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalOrganization . :AcademicProfessional :guid "bd589db6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "academic1n", "academician3n", "faculty member1n" ; :wordnet "academic", "academician", "faculty member" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$AcademicProfessional is a person whose job is to educate and/or perform research as an affiliate of an academic institution. This includes members of the teaching and/or research staffs of schools, colleges, universities, and research institutes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'academic' in WordNet: 1. (2) academician, academic, faculty member - (an educator who works at a college or university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Educator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AcademicOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :AcademicSubdivision :en "academic subdivision" ; :enn "academic subdivision" ; a :DepartmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AcademicSubdivision'' is any subdivision of an ''AcademicOrganization'' such as a ''Department'', or some grouping of Departments, such as a 'school of' within a large University. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcademicOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AcademicOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :Academically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Academic ; :wnsense "academically1adv" ; :wordnet "academically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Academically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Attributes to specify that it is to be interpreted as referring to ''Academic'' things, or Actions to specify that the assertion is to be interpreted as referring to schools and teaching. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'academically' in Wordnet: 1. (4) academically - (in regard to academic matters; 'academically, this is a good school') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Academy :wnsense "academy1n" ; :wordnet "academy" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Academy'' is traditionally a private school at the intermediate level prior to ollege,4 tyears or sometimes more. The term has been adopted for some provate shools at lower grades. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'academy' in WordNet: 1. (5) academy - (a secondary school (usually private)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FourYearSchool, :SecondarySchool . :AcademyAward :guid "c0c96891-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Academy Award1n", "Oscar1n" ; :wordnet "Academy Award", "Oscar" ; a :AwardType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AwardPractice. Each instance of #$AcademyAward is given by the #$AcademyOfMotionPictureArtsAndSciences. Note that the award is an intangible. Multiple Oscar statuettes may be given for one award, when there are collaborators, or on the rare occasions of a tie. This is the abstract award. The physical 'Oscar' would be a different type, but is not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Academy Award' in WordNet: 1. Academy Award, Oscar - (an annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for achievements in motion picture production and performance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HonorAward, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AcademyOfMotionPictureArtsAndSciences ; owl:onProperty :wasAssignedByAuthority ] . :AcademyOfMotionPictureArtsAndSciences a :Authority, :Organization ; rdfs:comment """Creates and awards AcademyAwards (the Oscar) """ . :Accelerated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Acceleration ; :wnsense "accelerated1adj", "speeded up1adj" ; :wordnet "accelerated", "speeded up" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accelerated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) accelerated, speeded up - (caused to go more rapidly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Acceleration :guid "bd58ce90-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "accelerate1v", "accelerate2v", "acceleration2n", "quicken1v", "quickening3n", "speed up1v", "speed up2v", "speed2v", "speed5v", "speedup1n" ; :wordnet "accelerate", "acceleration", "quicken", "quickening", "speed", "speed up", "speedup" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which the speed of something is increased, due to the effect of some ''PhysicalForce'' (F=ma). This is only for increases in speed (relative to something); the more general increase of rate (of any process) is represented by the parent ''RateIncrease'') - the CYC entry is for any change of speed: #$Accelerating-Translational occurs whenever #$velocityOfObject changes, e.g. speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction of translation. This type includes both intransitive and transitive senses, which can be discriminated when needed. @ToDo: A parent of the CYC type could be included to encompass both acceleration and deceleration. @ToDo: relate this to 'faster' (needs to be created) by relation ''hasComparativeAttribute''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'acceleration' in Wordnet: 2. (2) acceleration, quickening, speedup - (the act of accelerating; increasing the speed) WN verb'accelerate': 1. (11) accelerate, speed up, speed, quicken - (move faster; 'The car accelerated') 2. (1) accelerate, speed, speed up - (cause to move faster; 'He accelerated the car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationProcess, :RateIncrease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speed ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalForce ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :AccelerationOfaVehicle :en "accelerating" ; :wnsense "acceleration3n" ; :wordnet "acceleration" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a subtype of ''RateIncrease'' in which the object that becomes faster is a vehicle (i.e. a ''TransportationDevice-Vehicle''). Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'acceleration' in Wordnet, specific for vehicles: in WordNet: 3. (1) acceleration - ((physics) a rate of increase of velocity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acceleration, :ActionOnObject, :ChangingDeviceState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Faster ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :AccelerationRate :en "accelerating" ; :guid "bd58dc89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "acceleration3n" ; :wordnet "acceleration" ; a :MeasureType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a quantitative attribute, the value of the acceleration at any given instant. CYC: Acceleration is the change in speed of an object per unit time. It is a measurable physical quantity, measured in units such as MilesPerHourPerSecond. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'acceleration' in Wordnet: 3. (1) acceleration - ((physics) a rate of increase of velocity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RateMeasure . :Accent :wnsense "accent1n", "speech pattern1n" ; :wordnet "accent", "speech pattern" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Accent'' is a 'PronunciationManner' in which a person speaks in some way differently from the 'standard' pronunciation (these days what one hears most native-born anchors and commentators use in broadcasts in ther own native countries), suggesting that the person speaking grew up in a foregn country or some minority region having a disinctive speaking pattern (such as the US south). Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'accent' in WordNet: 1. (5) accent, speech pattern - (distinctive manner of oral expression; 'he couldn't suppress his contemptuous accent'; 'she had a very clear speech pattern') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PronunciationManner . :Accented :isAnAttributeValueOf :AbstractText ; :wnsense "accented1adj", "accented2adj", "stressed2adj", "tonic3adj" ; :wordnet "accented", "stressed", "tonic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accented'' is an attribute of parts of linguistic strings such as syllables or vowels that have an accent mark. This is for abstract or physical text. This attribute is symbolized by some ''TextMarking'' such as a ''Breve''. NOTE that this is for the text - for 'stressed' spoken words use 'Stressed'' Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'accented' in Wordnet: 1. tonic, accented - (used of syllables; \"a tonic syllables carries the main stress in a word\") 2. stressed, accented - (bearing a stress or accent; 'an iambic foot consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable as in 'delay'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Marked . :Acceptable :isTheOppositeOf :Unacceptable ; :ldoce "acceptable" ; :wnsense "acceptable1adj", "acceptable2adj", "acceptable3adj", "acceptable4adj", "adequate1adj" ; :wordnet "acceptable", "adequate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of being satisfactory to an Agent for a purpose, reflecting the Agent's judgment that it will serve some purpose. This is an Evaluative (judgmental) attribute. Includes all four senses of adjective 'acceptable' in WordNet: 1. (2) acceptable - (worthy of acceptance or satisfactory; 'acceptable levels of radiation'; 'performances varied from acceptable to excellent') 2. acceptable, accepted - (judged to be in conformity with approved usage; 'acceptable English usage') 3. satisfactory, acceptable - (meeting requirements; 'the step makes a satisfactory seat') 4. acceptable - (adequate for the purpose; 'the water was acceptable for drinking') WN adj 'adequate': 1. (17) adequate - ((sometimes followed by 'to') meeting the requirements especially of a task; 'she had adequate training'; 'her training was adequate'; 'she was adequate to the job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Satisfactory . :Acceptance :guid "bdf5bf03-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "accept" ; :wnsense "accept2v", "accept3v", "acceptance4n", "acceptance7n" ; :wordnet "accept", "acceptance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which one IntelligentAgent accepts an offer made by another IntelligentAgent. The acceptance creates an Agreement, which is not **necessarily** formal and does not **necessarily** create a legal contract but *includes* that legal 'aceptance' as a subtype.. The restriction requires that the 'Offering' action inducing the ''Acceptance'' be specified. Linguistically this Action may be realized by phrases like: 'X agreed to do A' 'X accepted Tom's offer' 'X told Tom he would do what he suggested'. In Cyc named 'Accept'. Cyc: This is the illocutionary force associated with communication acts of acceptance. Includes parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'accept' and senses 4 and 7 of noun 'acceptance' in WordNet: 2. (33) accept, take, have - (receive willingly something given or offered; 'The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter'; 'I won't have this dog in my house!'; 'Please accept my present') 3. (17) accept, consent, go for - (give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to; 'I cannot accept your invitation'; 'I go for this resolution') WN noun 'acceptance': 4. (1) acceptance - ((contract law) words signifying consent to the terms of an offer (thereby creating a contract)) 7. acceptance - (the act of taking something that is offered; 'her acceptance of the gift encouraged him'; 'he anticipated their acceptance of his offer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accepting, :AcceptingSomething, :Benefiting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Offering :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Offering :ActionType ) ] ] . :Accepted :isAnAttributeValueOf :Advice, :Custom, :Offering, :Suggestion ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Accepting ; :wnsense "accepted1adj", "accepted3adj", "accepted4adj", "accepted5adj" ; :wordnet "accepted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accepted'' is a broad attribute characterizing something (an offer,a communication, a suggestion, a group practice such as a Custom) that is not rejected, but taken as being something useful for the person doing the ''Accepting''. Different subtypes might be distinguishable, and would be labeled by some different name. See ''Established''. See also subtype ''AcceptedAsTrue'' for some degree of differentiation of the senses. Includes all 6 adjective sense 1 of 'accepted' (but some are represented more specifically as subattributes) in Wordnet: 1. (3) accepted, recognized, recognised - (generally approved or compelling recognition; 'several accepted techniques for treating the condition'; 'his recognized superiority in this kind of work') 3. (1) accepted - (generally accepted or used; 'accepted methods of harmony and melody'; 'three accepted types of pump') 4. acceptable, accepted - (judged to be in conformity with approved usage; 'acceptable English usage') 5. accepted - (widely or permanently accepted; 'an accepted precedent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :AcceptedAsTrue :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :EstablishingSomething ; :wnsense "accepted2adj", "accepted6adj", "unchallenged1adj", "undisputed1adj", "unquestioned1adj" ; :wordnet "accepted", "unchallenged", "undisputed", "unquestioned" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AcceptedAsTrue'' is a subattribute of ''Accepted'' characterizing propositions or assertions the truth of which are believed by the Person 'accepting' them. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accepted' in Wordnet: 2. (2) accepted, undisputed, unchallenged, unquestioned - (generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute; 'the accepted interpretation of the poem'; 'an accepted theory'; 'the undisputed fact') 6. accepted, received - (widely accepted as true or worthy; 'the accepted wisdom about old age'; 'a received moral idea'; 'Received political wisdom says not; surveys show otherwise'- Economist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accepted . :Accepting :guid "bd590c01-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "accept" ; :wnsense "accept3v" ; :wordnet "accept" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the broadest sense of 'accept' in which one agent responds positively to a communication from another agent. This contrasts with 'Rejecting' (@ToDo) CYC: ('Accepting-CommunicationAct'): An acknowledgement in which the performer affirms what was communicated to them in a prior communication. Subtypes include: ''Approval-CommunicationAct'' ApprovingARequest Affirming Agreeing Acceptance (Making an agreement - creates a contract) Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'accept' in WordNet: 3. (17) accept, consent, go for - (give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to; 'I cannot accept your invitation'; 'I go for this resolution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acknowledging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Offering :Advising :AssertingEvent :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rejecting ; owl:onProperty :isAnAlternativeTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Positive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inquiring ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inquiring ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :AcceptingPayments :en "accepting payments" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AcceptingPayments'' is an ''AcceptingSomething'' in which the Thing accepted is a payment for goods or services. This is commonly performed by ''Cashier'' at the check-out counter where the cash register is, in almost any kind of ''RetailStore'', but this applies to any place where accepting *legal* payments is one of the regular functions, such as at the Tax Office at City Hall where tax paments are made. This can also be used for accepting payments over the telephone, but the Person doing that accepting is not a ''Cashier''. That variant should be a subtype. More detail would be useful to distinguish the various ways payments can be made and accepted. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcceptingSomething, :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaymentAmount ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailStore ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :AcceptingSomething :wnsense "receive5v", "take in7v" ; :wordnet "receive", "take in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AcceptingSomething'' is a ''PurposefulAction'' in which an Agent intentionally 'acquires' something - physical or abstract - but this ''Development'' does not necessarily lead to physical possession or ownership, as the accepting party may 'accept' a responsibility or obligation or right or honor or opportunity. This also does not require that the thing 'accepted' was actually *offered* by another agent - it could just be 'there for the taking. For accepting an *offer*, use ''Acceptance''. In WN there is a sense of 'take in' that includes this as a limiting case (a subtype) of 'taking in' indefinitely: (= 'receive' sense 5) in WordNet: 7. (1) receive, take in, invite - (express willingness to have in one's home or environs; 'The community warmly received the refugees') WN sense 2 of 'take on' might be a subtype but is included here: 2. (6) assume, adopt, take on, take over - (take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities; 'When will the new President assume office?') WN senses of 'accept' all seem to imply a prior offer - that is not the intention here. WN See 'acceptance' for that sense. WN Corresponds approximately to verb sense 5 of 'receive' in WN - WN verb 'receive': 5. (16) receive, take in, invite - (express willingness to have in one's home or environs; 'The community warmly received the refugees') WN verb 'take on': 2. (6) assume, adopt, take on, take over - (take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities; 'When will the new President assume office?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GainingControl, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValue :AttributeValueType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :SubstanceType :PersistentState :EventType :Account :AccountType ) ] ] . :Accessible :isTheOppositeOf :Inaccessible ; :wnsense "accessible1adj" ; :wordnet "accessible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Accessible'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of Objects and locations that can be 'reached' to which there is some ''AccessiblePath'' . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accessible' in WordNet: 1. accessible - (capable of being reached; 'a town accessible by rail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Available . :AccessiblePath :wnsense "access3n", "approach3n" ; :wordnet "access", "approach" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Path is an ''AccessiblePath'' if it can be traversed by a Person on foot or in a road vehicle, and is not blocked by people prohibiting access. The 'AccessiblePath'' should be within walking distance of the object to which it provides access (pointed to by the relation ''isAdjacentTo''), otherwise the meaning would be too vague. @ToDo1295: This concept needs more detail to properly formalize. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'access' in WordNet: 3. (2) access, approach - (a way of entering or leaving; 'he took a wrong turn on the access to the bridge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Physical, :Path-Simple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :LocationType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Open ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accessible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AccessingAnIBT :guid "bd58d61f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$InformationTransferEvent and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$AccessingAnIBT is an action by which an agent accesses the content of some instance(s) of #$InformationBearingThing. Examples include (getting information from) reading a newspaper, watching a film, listening to a musical performance, decoding an encrypted message, seeing a traffic police officer wave one on, or hearing one's roommate ask one to take out the trash. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :InformationTransferEvent, :TransferIn . :AccessingaConceptualWork :wnsense "access1v", "obtain1v" ; :wordnet "access", "obtain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Gaining access to the conceptual content of a ''ConceptualWork'', which could be represented in any form or located in any medium that can hold a representation of the abstract content of a ''ConceptualWork''. This is for 'accessing' information without removing the source from its location. Includes but is not restricted to verb sense 1 of 'access' and verb sense 1 of 'obtain' in WordNet: 1. access - (obtain or retrieve from a storage device; as of information on a computer) WN verb 'obtain': 1. (118) obtain - (come into possession of; 'How did you obtain the visa?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AccessingAnIBT, :Obtaining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom :InformationObject ] . :Accident :guid "bd58a26f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "accident" ; :wnsense "accident1adj" ; :wordnet "accident" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$Accident is an event in which something unplanned and unintended happens. Example instances of this collection are #$ChernobylAccident and #$ColumbiaAccident. An Accident may cause an AccidentalDeath. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accident' in WordNet: 1. (8) accident - (a mishap; especially one causing injury or death) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :AccidentalDeath a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AccidentalDeath' is a BeingKilled caused by an Accident where an organism dies due to some Event that is not a Killing (i.e. intentional Killing), and is not a NaturalDeath. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingKilled, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Accident ] ; owl:disjointWith :DeathByKilling . :Accidentally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Adventitious ; :wnsense "accidentally1adv", "by chance1adv", "circumstantially1adv", "unexpectedly2adv" ; :wordnet "accidentally", "by chance", "circumstantially", "unexpectedly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accidentally'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes a ''HumanActivity'' that has salient (to people) effects that were not part of the plans of any of the participants (one or more). Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'accidentally' in Wordnet: 1. (1) by chance, accidentally, circumstantially, unexpectedly - (without advance planning; 'they met accidentally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Acclaim :wnsense "acclaim1n", "acclamation1n", "eclat1n", "plaudit1n", "plaudits1n" ; :wordnet "acclaim", "acclamation", "eclat", "plaudit", "plaudits" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Acclaim'' is a 'PraiseText' widely shared and agreed on by numerous people, signifying approval for some accomplishment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acclaim' in WordNet: 1. acclaim, acclamation, plaudits, plaudit, eclat - (enthusiastic approval; 'the book met with modest acclaim'; 'he acknowledged the plaudits of the crowd'; 'they gave him more eclat than he really deserved') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PraiseText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Widespread ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enthusiastic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Acclaimed :en "acclaimed" ; :enadj "acclaimed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Acclaiming ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Adj. 'acclaimed' not in WN. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Acclaiming :wnsense "acclaim1v", "hail1v", "herald2v" ; :wordnet "acclaim", "hail", "herald" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acclaim' in WordNet: 1. (3) acclaim, hail, herald - (praise vociferously; 'The critics hailed the young pianist as a new Rubinstein') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Applauding . :AccompaniedEvent :en "accompanied event" ; :enn "accompanied event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AccompaniedEvent'' is an Event that is one part of an ''ActionWithAccompaniment'' that includes a co-occurring ''Accompaniment''. This term is not usually used other than as a concept that is needed to express the meaning of 'accompaniment'. Each ''AccompaniedEvent'' will typically be identified by whatever other parent type(s) it is a instance of. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accompaniment ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActionWithAccompaniment ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Accompanier a :GroupType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accompanier'' is a specialized Role of one or more People (a ''GroupOfPeople'') who is/are an Acquaintance(s) (of any length of duration, even minutes after an introduction) who accompanies a Person while ''DoingThingsTogether'' Two people travelling together could both be ''Accompanier''s *unless* there is some special arrangement, as when one is minor or disabled or prefers not to travel alone or needs special help, in which case one would be the *subject ''Accompanier'' the the other would be the *object of the ''AccompanyingaPerson'' Action. A musical ''accompanist' is another specialization not yet (Rev1337) included. For someone who accompanies another more than once, over more than a brief one-time event (such as serving as a tour guide), use the subtype ''Companion''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acquaintance, :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AccompanyingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Accompaniment :wnsense "accompaniment1n", "attendant3n", "co-occurrence1n", "concomitant1n" ; :wordnet "accompaniment", "attendant", "co-occurrence", "concomitant" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Accompaniment'' is an Action that occurs together with an ''AccompaniedEvent'', the two Events having some relation to each other. The 'AccompaniedEvent'' is typically the primary Event of interest, in an ''ActionWithAccompaniment'', and might occur even in the absence of an ''Accompaniment''. For example, a 'Tour' could occur by itself with one or more people, and it could also occur as a ''AccompaniedEvent'' with a ''TourGuide'' performing a ''Accompaniment'', the two Actions together comprising an ''ActionWithAccompaniment''. An ''Accompaniment'' is often part of a ''MusicalPerformance'', whether in a small group, with an Orchestra, or with a singins group (the 'backup singers' would be the ''Accompaniment''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accompaniment' in WordNet: 1. (1) accompaniment, concomitant, attendant, co-occurrence - (an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coinciding, :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActionWithAccompaniment ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AccompaniedEvent ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ] . :Accompanying :isAnAttributeValueOf :Result ; :wnsense "accompanying1adj", "attendant1adj", "concomitant1adj", "incidental to1adj", "incidental2adj" ; :wordnet "accompanying", "attendant", "concomitant", "incidental", "incidental to" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accompanying'' is a subattribute of ''Resulting'' characterizing Events that were the result of some Action but were not the *main* intended purpose of the Action; however, the ''Accompanying'' Result is not necessarily ''Unintended'', it may only be a side-effect with some positive values. usually, it is unintended and unwanted. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accompanying' in Wordnet: 1. (2) accompanying, attendant, concomitant, incidental, incidental to - (following as a consequence; 'an excessive growth of bureaucracy, with attendant problems'; 'snags incidental to the changeover in management') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resulting . :AccompanyingOnaTrip :wnsense "accompany2v" ; :wordnet "accompany" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AccompanyingOnaTrip'' is an ''AccompanyingaPerson'' while both People take a trip. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'accompany' in WordNet: 2. (8) accompany - (go or travel along with; 'The nurse accompanied the old lady everywhere') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AccompanyingaPerson, :TakingaTrip . :AccompanyingResult :en "accompanying result" ; :enn "accompanying result" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AccompanyingResult'' is a ''GoalSituation'' that is a result of some ''PurposefulAction'', but is not one of the main motivating ''IntendedResult''s NOTE: This is not the primary ''IntendedResult'', and may be expected or unexpected, or unwanted or merely tolerated (as an unavoidable ''SideEffect'') An unwanted ''AccopanyingResult'' is represented as the subtype ''SideEffect''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Result, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PurposefulAction ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ] . :AccompanyingaPerson :eng "accompanying" ; :wnsense "accompany3v", "accompany4v" ; :wordnet "accompany" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AccompanyingaPerson'' is the Action that is performed by one (or more) member of a ''GroupOfPeople'' who are ''DoingThingsTogether'' with one (or more) other People.. The Person doing the accompanying can be one or more people, and the ''GroupOfPople'' being accompanied can be one or more people. This sense of 'accompany' can be any kind of Action - travelling, singing, working, reading, whatever. This type does not distinguish a leader of a group from other in the group. That would be a specialization, as would 'accompanying' in music. People ''WorkingTogether' would be ''AccompanyingaPerson'' only if they are working together in the same location on the same task. NOTE that in COSMO a ''GroupOfPeople'' can be one Person. ~@ToDo: One specialization would be a tour guide who accompanies a tour group. The subtype would be e.g. 'guiding a tour group' This is generic - the distinguishable WN subsenses can be added as needed. Includes verb senses 3, and 4 of 'accompany' in WordNet: 3. (3) play along, accompany, follow - (perform an accompaniment to; 'The orchestra could barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano') 4. (1) company, companion, accompany, keep company - (be a companion to somebody) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngagingInAnActivity, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Accompanier :Person :RoleType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DoingThingsTogether ] . :Accomplished :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Skilled ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inexperienced, :Unskilled ; :wnsense "accomplished1adj", "complete3adj" ; :wordnet "accomplished", "complete" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Accomplished'' is an attribute of people who are ''Skilled'' and experienced (included in ''Skilled'') and have some notable 'Accomplishments'. This is a higher level of ''Skilled''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accomplished' in Wordnet: 1. (1) accomplished, complete - (highly skilled; 'an accomplished pianist'; 'a complete musician') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skilled, :Skillful . :Accomplishment :wnsense "accomplishment1n", "achievement1n" ; :wordnet "accomplishment", "achievement" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Accomplishment'' represents a ''SuccessfulAction'' that demonstrates that the Person performing it has a high level of skill, i.e. is an ''Acccomplished'' ''Virtuoso''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accomplishment' in WordNet: 1. (7) accomplishment, achievement - (the action of accomplishing something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :SuccessfulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Virtuoso ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expertise ; owl:onProperty :exhibitsQuality ] . :Accordion :wnsense "accordion1n", "piano accordion1n", "squeeze box1n" ; :wordnet "accordion", "piano accordion", "squeeze box" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accordion' in WordNet: 1. accordion, piano accordion, squeeze box - (a portable box-shaped free-reed instrument; the reeds are made to vibrate by air from the bellows controlled by the player) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Free-ReedInstrument . :Accosting :wnsense "accost1v", "address9v", "come up to1v" ; :wordnet "accost", "address", "come up to" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accosting'' combines one Person approaching another, with the moving Person then addressing the one approached. The 'speaking' part of this action usually includes a ''Greeting'' but not necessarily. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'accost' in WordNet: 1. (4) address, accost, come up to - (speak to someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approaching, :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ] . :Account :guid "bd588c2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "account" ; :wnsense "account1n" ; :wordnet "account" ; a :AccountType, :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: Account is a broad category including Bank accounts, insurance accounts, stock broker accounts, and in general any legal agreement between two or more parties regarding the handling of money or some fungible equivalent, which may exist or come into existence based on some contingency (as with an insurance account). An organization or part of an Organization may also maintain an account for another group or part of the same organization. In some cases, money is simply held by one party to be disbursed at the direction of another party, and that agreement is also an Account. Since money or its fungible equivalent can be withdrawn from an Account, it is a subclass of 'Source' - i.e. it is a source of Money. Each Account is a MoneyObject, and has some value in some currency at any given time. Insurance accounts present a special nuance: if they depend on a contingency such as death, their value while the subject is alive is zero, but if the subject dies, their value goes up to the value of the policy. Because 'Account' is a high-level category in some taxonomies, it is (superfluously) directly connected to 'owl:Thing' for easy discovery by those familiar with such classifications. The monetary value of an Account is related by the ''hasMonetaryValue'' relation. @ToDo: is this the same as 'account balance'?? Cyc: An instance of #$ObjectType and a specialization of #$LegalAgreement. Each instance of #$Account is a recorded obligation (of some particular type) between specified parties, consisting of funds (not necessarily monetary funds) which typically can be added to and drawn upon. Positive examples include instances of #$RetirementAccount, #$TravelExpenseAccount, and of the many types of #$FinancialAccount. Note that the contents of an account need not be monetary; for example, the contents may be amounts of time, as in the specializations #$VacationAccount and #$SickLeaveAccount. #$Account does not include debt obligations of fixed face value that cannot be increased or reduced (such as instances of #$Bond-Agreement). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'account' in WordNet: 1. (564) account, business relationship - (a formal contractual relationship established to provide for regular banking or brokerage or business services; 'he asked to see the executive who handled his account') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :AuthorizedAgreement, :MoneyObject, :Supply, :TwoAgentAgreement, owl:Thing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Money ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpeningAnAccount ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :AccountBalance :guid "bd588d44-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "balance7n" ; :wordnet "balance" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AccountBalance'' is a ''MoneyMeasure'' that is a measure of a quantity of money in some currency that represents the *net* value of the money in a ''FinancialAccount''. CYC NOTE: in CYC '#$accountBalance' is a *property* rather than a .measurable quantity'. The reference to CYC is therefore cross- relational and not direct. The predicate #$accountBalance is used to indicate the balance of a particular account. (#$accountBalance ACCT BAL) means that the #$FinancialAccount ACCT has the balance BAL; BAL is the amount of #$MonetaryValue either owed by, or available to, the #$accountHolder (depending upon the type of account). NOTE: if the credts and ebits have the sametotal, this is called 'balance' in WordNet sense 3. Not sure where that goes. 3. (3) balance - (equality between the totals of the credit and debit sides of an account) Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'balance' in WordNet: 7. balance - (the difference between the totals of the credit and debit sides of an account) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoneyMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheMonetaryValueOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :FinancialAccount ] . :AccountType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AccountType' is a metatype which is a specialization of 'ObjectType' and ''LocationType''; it can serve as type for any of various kinds of 'Account's, and for relations that reference ''Acount''s.. to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationType, :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType . :Accountability :wnsense "accountability1n", "answerability1n", "answerableness1n" ; :wordnet "accountability", "answerability", "answerableness" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeTypeType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accountability'' is a form of ''Responsibility'' in which the 'accountable' person is the one most likely to face bad consequences for failure of performance as required; the one who has to 'account for' any problems. 'the responsible party'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accountability' in WordNet: 1. accountability, answerability, answerableness - (responsibility to someone or for some activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Responsibleness . :Accountable :isAnAttributeValueOf :IntelligentAgent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Accountability ; :wnsense "accountable1adj", "answerable2adj" ; :wordnet "accountable", "answerable" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accountable'' is a subtype of ''Responsible'' indicating that the Agent characterized has an 'obligation' to perform some Action to fulfill that responsibility. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accountable' and sense 2 of 'answerable' in Wordnet: 1. accountable - (liable to account for one's actions; 'governments must be accountable to someone beside themselves'; 'fully accountable for what they did'; 'the court held the parents answerable for their minor child's acts of vandalism'; 'he was answerable to no one') WN adj 'answerable': 2. answerable - (morally or legally responsible to a higher authority; 'parents are answerable for their child's acts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obligated, :ResponsibleForAnAction . :Accountant :guid "bd5901dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "accountant1n", "comptroller1n", "controller1n" ; :wordnet "accountant", "comptroller", "controller" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of persons who prepare and interpret the financial records of a person or organization. SUMO: The Profession of being an Accountant. NOTE that ''Comptroller'' (an auditor who is called the 'comptroller') is broken out as a subtype. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'accountant' in WordNet: 1. (1) accountant, comptroller, controller - (someone who maintains and audits business accounts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeskWorker, :Licensed-Professional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accounting ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Accounting :wnsense "accountancy1n", "accounting3n" ; :wordnet "accountancy", "accounting" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accounting'' is the ''Occupation'' of a professional 'accountant' or subtype 'bookkeeper', who keeps and organizes records of financial transactions for some person or Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'accounting' in WordNet: 3. (1) accountancy, accounting - (the occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occupation, :Profession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accountant ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accountant ; owl:onProperty :isTheOccupationOfA ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accountant ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Overhead ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :AccountingClerk :guid "bd58fafa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """accounting dept clerical worker. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClericalWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accounting ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AccountingSystem ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :AccountingFirm :guid "bd588b34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Commercial organizations which perform financial accounting services for their clients/customers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialServiceOrganization, :FinancialOrganization, :PrivateSectorOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accounting ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AccountingSystem ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :AccountingRecord :guid "c0fd5593-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "account book1n", "book of account1n", "book3n", "ledger1n", "leger1n" ; :wordnet "account book", "book", "book of account", "ledger", "leger" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AccountingRecord'' is a ''Register'' recording information pertaining to financial transactions within some organization. This may be used for internal record-keeping or to satisfy legal requirements. Created by 'bookkeeping' methods. CYC 'ledger': The book associated with an account in which the transactions that affect that account are recorded. \"MoneyTransaction\" \"financialtransaction\" NOTE: the WN gloss on sense 4 of ''accounting' says: 4. accounting, accounting system, method of accounting - (a bookkeeper's chronological list of related debits and credits of a business; forms part of a ledger of accounts) The 'chronological record' seems to be the same intended meaning as WN 'account book' - unclear about why the dissonance. The WN sense 4 of 'accounting' will be interpreted in part as the same meaning as this type - the 'account books'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'account book' in WordNet: 1. ledger, leger, account book, book of account, book - (a record in which commercial accounts are recorded; 'they got a subpoena to examine our books') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficialDocument, :Register, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :List ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyTransaction ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :AccountingSystem :wnsense "accounting2n" ; :wordnet "accounting" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''AccountingSystem'' is a ''SystemOfRules'' that specify how to record and calculate financial information such as income and expenditures, profit and loss. It can also be viewed as a ''SocialScience'' that studies the most appropriate way (for various purposes) of how to create and enforce such rules. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'accounting' in WordNet: 2. (1) accounting - (a system that provides quantitative information about finances) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialScience, :SystemOfRules, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finance ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accounting ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accountant ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Accreditation :guid "c10aff30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "accreditation1n" ; :wordnet "accreditation" ; a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Accreditation'' is an ''Authorization'' that is granted by an ''Authority'' in an ''Accrediting'' Action. This is usually performed by governments or government-authorized institutions,such as educational institutions or professional organizations that can grant licenses. CYC: A collection of abstract (intangible) objects consisting of information; a subset of #$Credential. Each element of #$Accreditation is a credential, issued to an organization by the appropriate authority, that declares the issuer's approval of the quality of the recipient's activities. For example, accreditation of an educational organization to offer a kind of degree or training; or accreditation of a hospital to offer medical services. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accreditation' in WordNet: 1. (7) accreditation - (the act of granting credit or recognition (especially with respect to educational institution that maintains suitable standards); 'a commission is responsible for the accreditation of medical schools') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authorization, :Credential, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accrediting ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Accrediting :wnsense "accredit1v", "recognise2v", "recognize5v" ; :wordnet "accredit", "recognise", "recognize" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Accrediting'' is a form of ''Authorizing'' in which one IntelligentAgent in Authority provides a second agent with some kind of formal 'credit' asserting that the second agent has authorization to do something or qualifications to perform some activity, or has completed some course of instruction. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'accredit' in WordNet: 1. (2) accredit, recognize, recognise - (grant credentials to; 'The Regents officially recognized the new educational institution'; 'recognize an academic degree') WN verb 'certify': 3. (2) license, licence, certify - (authorize officially; 'I am licensed to practice law in this state') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authorizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accreditation ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :Accreting :wnsense "accrete2v" ; :wordnet "accrete" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accreting'' is an Action in which something (Physical or Abstract) increases in some particular place or situation by a gradual process. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'accrete' in WordNet: 2. accrete - (grow or become attached by accretion; 'The story accreted emotion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComingTogether, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accumulation ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cumulative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Accretion :wnsense "accretion1n", "accumulation1n" ; :wordnet "accretion", "accumulation" ; a :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Accretion'' is an increase in some number or Volume of some object(s) in a defined Location. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accretion' in WordNet: 1. (2) accretion, accumulation - (an increase by natural growth or addition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accreting, :IncreaseInaQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cumulative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Acculturating :eng "acculturating" ; :wnsense "acculturate1v", "acculturation1n", "enculturation1n", "socialisation3n", "socialization3n" ; :wordnet "acculturate", "acculturation", "enculturation", "socialisation", "socialization" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Acculturating'' is ''Assimilating'' by learning and adjusting to a new 'culture', and mimicking (at least some of, in public) the practices of the established local culture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acculturate' in WordNet: 1. (1) acculturate - (assimilate culturally) WN noun 'acculturation': 1. (1) socialization, socialisation, acculturation, enculturation - (the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture; 'the socialization of children to the norms of their culture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assimilating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Newcomer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :AccumulatingSomething :wnsense "accumulate1v", "amass2v", "collect1v", "compile1v", "hoard1v", "pile up3v", "roll up2v" ; :wordnet "accumulate", "amass", "collect", "compile", "hoard", "pile up", "roll up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the transitive sense of 'accumulate', an Action that causes the ''Accreting'' of something.. The sense in which the accumulating process is driven by natral forces is represented by ''BuildingUpAnAccumulation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accumulate' in WordNet: 1. (4) roll up, collect, accumulate, pile up, amass, compile, hoard - (get or gather together; 'I am accumulating evidence for the man's unfaithfulness to his wife'; 'She is amassing a lot of data for her thesis'; 'She rolled up a small fortune') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnIncrease, :Collecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accreting ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cumulative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Accumulation :wnsense "accumulation2n", "aggregation1n" ; :wordnet "accumulation", "aggregation" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Accumulation'' is a ''Group'' of Objects produced by any of various Events that cause things to come together as a Group, including ''ComingTogether'' Event or ''Collecting'' Action, or ''Gathering'' or ''AccumulatingSomething'' or ''BuildingUpAnAccumulation''.. This can be abstract objects, or more commonly ''PhysicalObject''s NOTE: for an ''Accumulation'' that is intentionally brought together by an act of collecting and organized, for display,use subtype ''Collection''. If randomly arranged, it is an ''Agglomeration''. This is any Group of objects that have been brought together for any purpose, and can include a container that holds those objects - the container can be a room or part of a room (such as a shelf). However, a 'set' that is the site of an ''EntertainmentPerformance'' is represented as a ''StageOrSet''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'accumulation' in WordNet: 2. (1) collection, aggregation, accumulation, assemblage - (several things grouped together or considered as a whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ComingTogether :Gathering :Accreting :Collecting :AccumulatingSomething :BuildingUpAnAccumulation ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cumulative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Accurate :hasAdverbialForm :Exactly ; :indicatesConformanceTo :RealWorld ; :wnsense "accurate1adj" ; :wordnet "accurate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Conforming closely to the actual state of the world (or context) that has been measured by instrument or estimated by observation, or to the result intended for some ''PurposefulAction''. For 'accurate' images or recordings, meaning conforming closely in visual or audio character to the thing depicted or recorded, use ''Exact''.. NOTE the distinction between ''Precise'' and ''Accurate''. ''Precise'' can be an attribute of a measurement or of a ''MeasuringDevice'', indicating that the measurements are reproducible within the expected or designed error tolerance of the instrument. ''Accurate'', however, means that the measurement actually conforms to the real state of the World situation being measured, within the expected range of error. Thus one may have very ''Precise'' measurement of, say, a length, reproducible within small error range, *but* if the measuring device is not properly calibrated, those ''Precise''measurements may deviate significantly from the actual values, which might be obtained by use of a properly calibrated instrument. In general, instruments designed for precision measurements will be properly calibrated and will give accurate values. But this distinction is sometimes necessary. For instruments that perform exact measurement, use 'Precise'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accurate' in WordNet: 1. (14) accurate - (conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy; 'an accurate reproduction'; 'the accounting was accurate'; 'accurate measurements'; 'an accurate scale') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conforming, :Good . :Accurately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Accurate ; :wnsense "accurately1adv", "accurately2adv" ; :wordnet "accurately" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accurately'' is an AdverbialModifier that describes an action that achieves its intended result with accuracy or 'precision'. This includes measurements as well as verbal statements that precisely describe a situation Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'accurately' in Wordnet: 1. (8) accurately - (with few mistakes; 'he works very accurately') 2. (5) accurately - (strictly correctly; 'repeated the order accurately') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Accusation :wnsense "accusation2n", "charge3n" ; :wordnet "accusation", "charge" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Accusation'' is a 'Criticism' (a 'LinguisticAssertion') that represents the propositional content of an 'Accusing' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'accusation' in WordNet: 2. accusation, charge - (an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence; 'the newspaper published charges that Jones was guilty of drunken driving') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Allegation, :BadThing, :Criticism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accusatory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accusing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Fault :Crime :EvilDeed :Wrongdoing :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonType :Accused ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isBadFor ] . :Accusatory :pertainsTo :Accusation, :Accusing ; :wnsense "accusative1adj", "accusatory1adj", "accusing1adj" ; :wordnet "accusative", "accusatory", "accusing" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accusatory'' is an attribute of actions or assertions that assert some fault or crime in some agent Person or Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accusatory' in WordNet: 1. accusative, accusatory, accusing, accusive - (containing or expressing accusation; 'an accusitive forefinger'; 'black accusatory looks'; 'accusive shoes and telltale trousers'- O.Henry; 'his accusing glare') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Critical . :Accused :wnsense "accused1n" ; :wordnet "accused" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Accused'' is a ''Person'' who was accused by another Person of some kind of ''Wrongdoing''.. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'accused' in WordNet: 1. accused - (a defendant in a criminal proceeding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accusing ; owl:onProperty :wasThePatientInAction ] . :AccusedCriminal :wnsense "accused1n", "defendant1n" ; :wordnet "accused", "defendant" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AccusedCriminal'' is a ''Defendant'' in a criminal court case, accused but not yet convicted (so not really a 'criminal', still a ''Suspect''). NOTE that there is a CYC relation 'accused' not used in COSMO; if needed, it will have a different label. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accused' and part of sense 1 of 'defendant' (for a criminal case) in WordNet: 1. accused - (a defendant in a criminal proceeding) WN noun 'defendant': 1. (4) defendant, suspect - (a person or institution against whom an action is brought in a court of law; the person being sued or accused) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accused, :Litigant, :Suspect . :Accuser :wnsense "accuser1n" ; :wordnet "accuser" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Accuser'' is a ''Person'' accuses another Person of some kind of ''Wrongdoing''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acccuser' in WordNet: 1. accuser - (someone who imputes guilt or blame) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accusing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Accusing :wnsense "accusal1n", "accusation1n", "accuse1v", "blame1n", "criminate1v", "impeach3v", "incriminate2v", "incrimination1n", "inculpation1n" ; :wordnet "accusal", "accusation", "accuse", "blame", "criminate", "impeach", "incriminate", "incrimination", "inculpation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each '''Accusing'' is a Criticizing' and a ''Blaming'' that communicates an ''Accusation',an assertion that the Person accused is guilty of some fault or ''Wrongdoing'' or other undesirable behavior. This is represented as a subtype of ''HarmingAnAgent'' because the very act of accusing can besmear a person's reputation, which is a harmful thing. See ''Accusation'' for the sorts of things that a Person can be 'accused' of. NOTE that each act of''Accusing'' produces not only the Assertion that is a ''Accusation'' but also an ''Acccused'' - the Person accused acquires that Role, pointed to by the relation 'hasObjectCreated' (the object is a Role, an instance of RoleType). The objects of 'hadAgentHarmed' and 'hadObjectCreated'' (the Role of Accused) refer to the same Person but specifying that will require FOL or additional complications (e.g. 'objectAffectedAcquiresRole'??) Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'accuse' in WordNet: 1. (22) accuse, impeach, incriminate, criminate - (bring an accusation against; level a charge against; 'He charged the man with spousal abuse') 2. charge, accuse - (blame for, make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against; 'he charged thee director with indifference') WN noun 'accusation': 1. (3) accusation, accusal - (a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt) WN incrimination': 1. incrimination, inculpation, blame - (an accusation that you are responsible for some lapse or misdeed; 'his incrimination was based on my testimony'; 'the police laid the blame on the driver') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blaming, :Criticizing, :HarmingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Crime ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Accusation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accused ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Accustomed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Accustoming ; :wnsense "accustomed1adj", "used to1adj" ; :wordnet "accustomed", "used to" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Accustomed'' is the attribute of an animal that experienced some repeated ''ActionSeries'' so that the response to such Actions has been modified to a less intense form or to no response at all, NOTE: the WN adjective 'used to' has some overlap with this type, though it also has a related meaning of *doing* something out of habit when that something is not a ''Responding'' to an Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'accustomed' in Wordnet: 1. (7) accustomed - ((often followed by 'to') in the habit of or adapted to; 'accustomed to doing her own work'; 'I've grown accustomed to her face') WN adj 'used to' (part of the meaning): 1. (14) used to, wont to - (in the habit; 'I am used to hitchhiking'; 'you'll get used to the idea'; '...was wont to complain that this is a cold world'- Henry David Thoreau) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Accustoming :wnsense "accustom1v", "habituate2v" ; :wordnet "accustom", "habituate" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Habituating'' is a 'Modification' action in which some ''IntentionalAgent'' (People or animals) become accustomed to some Action, usually responding to some external stimulus in a specific manner. A 'Pavlovian response' is one salient example, but this type is general for the effect of any ''ActionSeries'' that eventually causes a learned response, which could be a 'non-response' i.e. the learned response could be to ignore reacting to events that would normally get the attention of a Person. NOTE: this is the *transitive* Action of getting some animal 'accustomed' to something by repeated exposure. The intransitive effect of becoming acustomed to something is represented as ''Habituation''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'accustom' in WordNet: 1. (2) habituate, accustom - (make psychologically or physically used (to something); 'She became habituated to the background music') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActionSeries ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Responding ; owl:onProperty :hasAffectedEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Habituation ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accustomed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Acetate :guid "bd58893f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :ChlorideIon ; :wnsense "acetate1n", "ethanoate1n" ; :wordnet "acetate", "ethanoate" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Acetate'' either an organic salt of ''AceticAcid'' that has ''AcetateIon''s as the anions, *or* an organic substance that has an ''AcetateGroup'' (not the ion) as one of the component ''ChemicalMoiety''s (parts). This is not the anion itself (rename?) CYC Acetate is a substance formed from instances of #$AceticAcid; it is a salt or an #$Ester. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acetate' in WordNet: 1. acetate, ethanoate - (a salt or ester of acetic acid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChlorideIon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :AcetateGroup a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AcetateGroup'' is an AtomGroup containing Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen in the ratio of 2:3;2 (CH3COO) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalMoiety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreeHydrogenAtoms ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoOxygenAtoms ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoCarbonAtoms ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :AcetateIon :en "acetate ion" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ionic substance each unit object of which is one radical (part of a molecule) that is ''AceticAcid'' without the hydrogen on the carboxyl group. (CH3COO-) No WN sense. acetate ion """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anion . :AceticAcid :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CH3COOH ; :wnsense "acetic acid1n" ; :wordnet "acetic acid" ; a :AcidType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acetic acid' in Wordnet: 1. acetic acid, ethanoic acid - (a colorless pungent liquid widely used in manufacturing plastics and pharmaceuticals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicAcid . :Acetone :guid "2bcd9d0e-eceb-41d6-9870-9668dc0c8472" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CH3COCH3 ; :wnsense "acetone1n", "dimethyl ketone1n", "propanone1n" ; :wordnet "acetone", "dimethyl ketone", "propanone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """C3H6O. #$Acetone is a ketone. It is also known as 'propanone' and it is a common household solvent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acetone' in WordNet: 1. (4) acetone, propanone, dimethyl ketone - (the simplest ketone; a highly inflammable liquid widely used as an organic solvent and as material for making plastics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ketone, :ToxicSubstance, :VolatileSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flammable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Acetylcholine :guid "0fc33151-5ba9-11d7-8508-0002b35bb117" ; :wnsense "acetylcholine1n" ; :wordnet "acetylcholine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Acetylcholine' is a ''Neurochemical'' that helps to regulate ''neurotransmission''. CYC: A kind of #$Neurotransmitter, which serves to relay signals to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. ? use ''supportsFunctioningOf'' RHW: 1. Biochem. the acetic acid ester of choline, C7H17NO3, released and hydrolyzed during nerve conduction and causing muscle action by transmitting nerve impulses across synapses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acetylcholine' in WordNet: 1. acetylcholine - (a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline; released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Neurotransmitter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neurotransmission ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Acetylene :wnsense "acetylene1n", "alkyne1n", "ethyne1n" ; :wordnet "acetylene", "alkyne", "ethyne" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Acetylene'' is an ''AliphaticCompound'' that is the simplest 'alkyne' (carbon compound with a triple bond between adjacent carbon atoms), being two ''CarbonAtom''s bound by a triple bond,with a hydrogen on each carbon. The triple bond paks a lot of energy (compressed pure actlene can explode), so when mixed with ''Oxygen'' and burned in an oxy-acetylene torch, it gives an intense hot flame that can melt most substances, and is used in welding Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acetylene' in WordNet: 1. acetylene, ethyne, alkyne - (a colorless flammable gas used chiefly in welding and in organic synthesis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AliphaticCompound . :Ache :ldoce "ache" ; :wnsense "ache1n" ; :wordnet "ache" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A dull low-intensity pain that is can be ignored while a person pursues normal activity. This includes most headaches and backaches and the residual pain from injuries that are healing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ache' in WordNet: 1. (2) ache, aching - (a dull persistent (usually moderately intense) pain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PainOrAche . :AchromaticColor :wnsense "achromatic color1n", "achromatic colour1n" ; :wordnet "achromatic color", "achromatic colour" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AchromaticColor'' is a ''Color'' that is white, black, or gray. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'achromatic color' in WordNet: 1. achromatic color, achromatic colour - (a color lacking hue; white or grey or black) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Color . :Acid :SUMO "ChemicalAcid" ; :en "chemical acid" ; :guid "0f52b2e2-0ad6-11d6-8000-0050dac4bdee" ; :ldoce "acid" ; :wnsense "acid1n" ; :wordnet "acid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance that can neutralize a basic substance, usually by donating a dissociable proton from the acid to form water or a stable cation - or at least has a dissociable proton that can be donated to a base.. There are special 'acidic' compounds called Lewis Acids that do not donate protons, but can accept electron pairs and are therefore formally categorized as 'acids' by chemists. COSMO includes Lewis Acids in this category. NOTE that the mere donation of a proton (e.g. by a carboxyl group) puts a chemical in this category, even though it may raise the pH of an aqueous solution. This is a property of chemical combination capability, not of pH effects. See AminoAcid for something that is both basic and acidic. Cyc: The collection of all samples of stuff that can be classified as acidic. In SUMO called 'ChemicalAcid' SUMO: A bitter CompoundSubstance that is capable of reacting with a ChemicalBase and forming a ChemicalSalt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acid' in WordNet: 1. (20) acid - (any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :AcidType :guid "112d7246-0ad6-11d6-8000-0050dac4bdee" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all acids. Instances are instances of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies whose instances will react in certain chemically predictable ways with a base (see #$BaseType) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSubstanceType . :Acidic :contrastsWith :ChemicallyBasic, :ChemicallyNeutral ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Solution ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Acid ; :wnsense "acidic1adj" ; :wordnet "acidic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ acidic Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of '' in Wordnet: 1. acidic - (being or containing an acid; of a solution having an excess of hydrogen atoms (having a pH of less than 7)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceAttributeValue . :AcidicSolution :en "acidic solution" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Acid ; a :AgentType, :LiquidSubstanceType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AcidicSolution'' is an ''AqueousSolution'' with a sufficient concentration of some 'Acid'' to turn litmus to red. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Acidic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Acknowledged :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Acknowledging ; :wnsense "acknowledged1adj", "acknowledged2adj" ; :wordnet "acknowledged" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Acknowledged'' is a broad general attribute of ''InformationObject''s : (1) the receipt of which is accepted by some agent to whom that information was transmitted. 'this acknowledges receipt of your letter'; or (2) the veracity of which is accepted by some Person(s). NOTE: these two (or more) senses can probably be differentiated ('admitted' and 'widely known' are different) , but as of rev1653 it is not yet clear how to relate those to other elements in the ontology. @ToDo: what needs to be added?? Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'acknowledged' in Wordnet: 1. acknowledged - (recognized or made known or admitted; \"the acknowledged leader of the community\"; \"a woman of acknowledged accomplishments\"; \"his acknowledged error\") 2. acknowledged - (generally accepted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Acknowledging :wnsense "acknowledge4v", "recognise5v", "recognize7v" ; :wordnet "acknowledge", "recognise", "recognize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Acknowledging'' is a ''StatingSomething'' in response to some Action that has occurred recently., A bare 'acknowledgment' in which an agent merely states that s/he takes notice of a statement can use this type. Aditional actions in reponse to an assertion are represented in the subtypes. This includes as subtype ''Accepting'' and ''Rejecting'' and subtypes of those Actions. Includes but is not restricted to verb sense 4 of 'acknowledge' in WordNet: 4. (1) acknowledge, recognize, recognise - (express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for; 'We must acknowledge the kindness she showed towards us') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answering, :HumanActivity, :LinguisticCommunication, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InformationObject :ObjectType ) ] ] . :Acknowledging-CommunicationAct :guid "bd590c41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "acknowledge2v", "receipt1v" ; :wordnet "acknowledge", "receipt" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CommunicationAct-Single. Each instance of this collection is an action that conveys information to the effect that the performing agent has received some prior #$CommunicationAct-Single (which was performed by another agent). An example is Joan saying, 'I hear you' in response to Bette's exclaiming, 'What a dump!' Note that acknowledging can be implicit; for example, one can acknowledge a question by answering it. NOTE: this includes written acknowledgments - 'receipt' is used as a verb in that sense. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'acknowledge' in WordNet: 2. (3) acknowledge, receipt - (report the receipt of; 'The program committee acknowledged the submission of the authors of the paper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationAct-Single . :Acknowledgment :wnsense "acknowledgement2n", "acknowledgment3n" ; :wordnet "acknowledgement", "acknowledgment" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An assertion that the Agent making the statement has taken note of some prior Event. This is general but is mostly used for assertions of ''Thanks''. Corresponds to noun sense of 'acknowledgement' in WordNet: 3. acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (a statement acknowledging something or someone; 'she must have seen him but she gave no sign of acknowledgment'; 'the preface contained an acknowledgment of those who had helped her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :Assertion . :Acne :wnsense "acne1n" ; :wordnet "acne" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'SkinDisease' that causes pustules on the skin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acne' in WordNet: 1. acne - (an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkinDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pimple ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ] . :Acorn :wnsense "acorn1n" ; :wordnet "acorn" ; a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the whole acorn, including the distinctive cap, on or off its parent ''OakTree''. Squirrels love them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acorn' in WordNet: 1. acorn - (fruit of the oak tree: a smooth thin-walled nut in a woody cup-shaped base) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nut-TheFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OakTree ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Acoustic :pertainsTo :AcousticDevice, :Acoustics ; :wnsense "acoustic1adj", "acoustical1adj" ; :wordnet "acoustic", "acoustical" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Acoustic' is an attribute of pertaining to ''Acoustics' or to acoustic devices. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'acoustic' in Wordnet: 1. acoustic, acoustical - (of or relating to the science of acoustics; 'acoustic properties of a hall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AcousticDevice :wnsense "acoustic device1n" ; :wordnet "acoustic device" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acoustic device' in WordNet: 1. acoustic device - (a device for amplifying or transmitting sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :canEmit ] . :Acoustics :wnsense "acoustics1n" ; :wordnet "acoustics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acoustics' in WordNet: 1. acoustics - (the study of the physical properties of sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :hasSubject ] . :Acquaintance :guid "bd58f556-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "acquaintance3n", "friend3n" ; :wordnet "acquaintance", "friend" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Acquaintance is a HumanRole (a Person ) with whom one is familiar (a person one has met and spoken to at least once). This is a ReciprocalRole, and should be a mutual relationship, though one of the acquainted people may forget about the other. Cyc has a type called 'AcquaintancePredicate' whose instances are predicates specifying the ways people can be acqainted with each other: Cyc: The collection of predicates that specify ways in which (and/or degrees to which) one person is acquainted with another agent [#$Agent-Generic]. Some instances of this collection are: #$famousPersonAcquaintance, #$trueFanAcquaintance, #$intimatelyAcquaintedWith, #$frequentlyInContactWith, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'acquaintance' in WordNet: 3. (1) acquaintance, friend - (a person with whom you are acquainted; 'I have trouble remembering the names of all my acquaintances'; 'we are friends of the family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :ReciprocalRole . :Acquainted :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :KnowingSomething ; :wnsense "acquainted with1adj", "acquainted1adj", "familiar with1adj" ; :wordnet "acquainted", "acquainted with", "familiar with" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Acquainted'' (when used with 'with') is an AttributeValue of a Person who is ''KnowingSomething'', with the thing known being the thing the person is 'acquainted with'. The Thing known can be a Person, so this be used of one person knowing another, or if applied to a GroupOfPeople, can be applied to a group where all of the members know each other. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'acquainted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) acquainted, acquainted with, familiar with - (having fair knowledge of; 'they were acquainted'; 'fully acquainted with the facts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Acquainting :wnsense "acquaint2v", "familiarise1v", "familiarize1v" ; :wordnet "acquaint", "familiarise", "familiarize" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Acquainting'' is a form of ''Informing'' in which the amount of information transferred to the 'patient' object) of the action is more than just one or a few facts, but sufficient to make a Person ''WellInformed'' on one or more topics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acquaint' in WordNet: 2. (1) familiarize, familiarise, acquaint - (make familiar or acquainted; 'you should acquaint yourself with your new computer'; 'We familiarized ourselves with the new surroundings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Informing, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WellInformed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :AcquiredTrait :en "acquired trait" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AcquiredTrait'' is a BiologicalFunction that was acquired during development, growth or maturation, rather than being received from parent organisms by ''InheritingGenes'' during The relation between this capability and the actual physical action is 'wasRealizedByAction'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalFunction ; owl:disjointWith :HereditaryTrait . :Acquirer :wnsense "acquirer1n", "receiver4n", "recipient1n" ; :wordnet "acquirer", "receiver", "recipient" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Acquirer'' is a ''Recipient'' that is an ''IntelligentAgent''. The distinction in WN between 'recpient' and 'acquirer' is not quite clear. This includes both terms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acquirer' and sense 1 of 'recipient' in WordNet: 1. acquirer - (a person who acquires something (usually permanently)) WN noun 'recipient': 1. (2) recipient, receiver - (a person who gets something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :Recipient, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GainingControl ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GainingControl ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :AcquiringWeapons :wnsense "arm2v" ; :wordnet "arm" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AcquiringWeapons'' is an Action in which some Agent (person or GroupOfPeople or Organization) acquires some weapons (not necessarily firearms). 'weapons' can be (and often is) only one 'Weapon''. One can be 'armed only with billyclubs'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'arm' in WordNet: 2. (1) arm - (supply with arms; 'The U.S. armed the freedom fighters in Afghanistan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReceivingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Armed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom :Weapon ] . :Acquisition :wnsense "acquisition2n" ; :wordnet "acquisition" ; a :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Acquisition'' is the thing obtained in a ''Obtaining'' action - whether abstract (a right) or a PhysicalObject. The act of 'obtaining' usually implies some effort at obtaining (not always), so the obtained thing is classified as a ''ValuableThing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acquisition' in Wordnet: 2. acquisition - (something acquired; 'a recent acquisition by the museum') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAcquiredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Obtaining ] . :AcquisitionOfProperty :wnsense "acquisition1n" ; :wordnet "acquisition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AcquisitionOfProperty''' is 'Obtaining' Action in which an Agent acquires and owns (at least temporarily) some tangible property or a valuable ''Right''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acquisition' in WordNet: 1. (11) acquisition - (the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something; 'the acquisition of wealth'; 'the acquisition of one company by another') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obtaining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ControllingInterest :Right :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CommercialOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Possession ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :AcquisitionalLearning :wnsense "acquisition3n", "learning1n" ; :wordnet "acquisition", "learning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AcquisitionalLearning'' is the label for the psychological concept in WN 'learning, aquisition'. This is a 'learning by doing' and is not a subtype of the intentional ''Learning'' which is a ''#PurposefulAction''. A Child learning language is a common example. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'learning' in WordNet: 1. (4) learning, acquisition - (the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge; 'the child's acquisition of language') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BasicCognitiveProcess . :Acquisitive :wnsense "acquisitive1adj" ; :wordnet "acquisitive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue of a Person who frequently want something(s), abstract or physical.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'acquisitive' in Wordnet: 1. acquisitive - (eager to acquire and possess things especially material possessions or ideas; 'an acquisitive mind'; 'an acquisitive society in which the craving for material things seems never satisfied') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desirous . :Acquittal :ldoce "decision" ; :wnsense "acquittal1n" ; :wordnet "acquittal" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Acquittal'' is the ''LegalOpinion'' issued after a ''CriminalTrial'' when the defendant is deemed 'innocent' of the charge (or in some places thecharge is declared 'not proven') The subject of this will be released unless there are other charges or an apeal Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acquittal' in WordNet: 1. acquittal - (a judgment of not guilty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalOpinion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :CriminalCaseDecision ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :AccusedCriminal ] . :Acre :wnsense "acre1n" ; :wordnet "acre" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A UnitOfMeasure equal to 4840 square yards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acre' in WordNet: 1. (16) acre - (a unit of area (4840 square yards) used in English-speaking countries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AreaMeasure . :Acrobat :guid "bf911d29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "acrobat1n" ; :wordnet "acrobat" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Acrobat'' is classified in WN as an ''Athlete''; RHW seems to classify them as ''Gymnast''s. RHW: 1. a skilled performer of gymnastic feats, as walking on a tightrope or swinging on a trapeze. The ''isSkilledAt'' relation should point to a more specific skill type to add meaning by specifying subtypes of ''AcrobaticManeuver''.. CYC: An #$Acrobat is someone who entertains people by doing difficult physical actions such as walking on their hands or balancing on a high rope, especially at a #$Circus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acrobat' in WordNet: 1. acrobat - (an athlete who performs acts requiring skill and agility and coordination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, :Athlete, :Expert, :Gymnast, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AcrobaticManeuver ; owl:onProperty :isSkilledAt ] . :AcrobaticAction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AcrobaticAction'' is a ''GymnasticAction'' performed more to practise of display special agility than to improve strength ('body building') or to maintain general health or fitness. This is the action that is performed according to *specification* of the ''Sport'' of ''Acrobatics''. (maintains distinction between a ''Sport'' type and its actual practice. . An ''AcrobaticAction' can be performed by an amateur with no remarkable skill (such as handsprings); for an ''ArobaticAction'' requiring genuine skill, use subtype ''AcrobaticManeuver''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GymnasticAction . :AcrobaticManeuver :wnsense "acrobatics1n", "tumbling1n" ; :wordnet "acrobatics", "tumbling" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''CoordinatedBodyMovement'' that is not done well by most people, is done to develop body agility, or for amusement of others, and requires some practice to perform properly. Very broad, includes gymnastic maneuvers, floor gymnastics, aerial acrobatics and other feats of body control and agility. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acrobatics' in WordNet: 1. (1) acrobatics, tumbling - (the gymnastic moves of an acrobat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcrobaticAction, :AthleticActivity, :CoordinatedBodyMovement, :Feat, :SportsEvent, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Difficult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Acrobatics :wnsense "acrobatics1n", "tumbling1n" ; :wordnet "acrobatics", "tumbling" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Acrobatics'' is a special form of ''Gymnastics'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acrobatics' in WordNet: 1. (1) acrobatics, tumbling - (the gymnastic moves of an acrobat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gymnastics . :Acronym :wnsense "acronym1n" ; :wordnet "acronym" ; a :LexicalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Word which is a shortened lexical form of several other words, usually consisting of the first letters of each of the words in the word combinattion it represents. Often, but not always, the constituent letters are capitalized. There are exceptions, such as 'DoD' for 'Department of Defense'. An acronym should be pronounceable. A word consisting of first letters of the words in a phrase, when not pronounceable, is called an 'initialism'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acronym' in WordNet: 1. acronym - (a word formed from the initial letters of the several words in the name) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abbreviation . :Acrophobia :guid "c10b5c12-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "acrophobia1n" ; :wordnet "acrophobia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Fear of high places. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acrophobia' in WordNet: 1. acrophobia - (a morbid fear of great heights) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phobia . :Across a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition . :Act :wnsense "act3n" ; :wordnet "act" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Act'' is 'DramaticPerformance' that is one of the subdivisions of a ''Play'' or opera or ballet. A ''Play'' can consist of one ''Act'' so an ''Act'' is not necessarily a proper part. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'act' in WordNet: 3. (9) act - (a subdivision of a play or opera or ballet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaticPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DramaticPerformance ] . :ActExhibitingCharacterTrait a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ActExhibitingCharacterTrait is a type of Action performed by a Person that implies the existence of a particular character trait in the person doing that action. This is a specialized type that appears useful to represent concepts such as 'an act of kindness' (= 'a kind act') or 'an act of generosity' (= 'a generous act' such as 'a generous donation'). Kindness and Generosity are reprsented as subtypes 'Kind' and 'Generous' of 'PersonTraitValue'. When a linguistic phrase incidates a 'kind' or 'generous' act, that act should be represented by some instance of one of the subtypes of this type. NOTE that each ''ActExhibitingCharacterTrait'' will be related by properties ''agentHasAttribute'' and perhaps by by ''hasQualitativeAttribute'' if acts of that type are themselves categorized by some AttributeValue. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExhibitingaQuality . :ActOfClemency :en "act of mercy" ; :wnsense "clemency2n", "mercy1n" ; :wordnet "clemency", "mercy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''ActOfClemency'' is a ''SparingFromHarm'' in which some Authority or person in power refrains from inflicting a punishment. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clemency' in WordNet: 1. (4) clemency, mercifulness, mercy - (leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice; 'he threw himself on the mercy of the court') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SparingFromHarm . :ActOfGenerosity :wnsense "generosity2n" ; :wordnet "generosity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ActOfGenerosity is an act by a Person that demonstrates to observers that the person performing that act is Generous, at least in that specific case. This means that linguistically 'a generous act' and 'an act of generosity' are synonymous. NOTE that 'generosity' does not have to be material - a person can be generous when giving praise or withholding criticism. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'generosity' in WordNet: WN 'generosity': 2. generosity, unselfishness - (acting generously) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActOfKindness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Generous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Generous ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :ActOfKindness :wnsense "kindness3n" ; :wordnet "kindness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ActOfKindness is an act by a Person that demonstrates to observers that the person performing that act is Kind, at least in that specific case. This means that linguistically 'a kind act' and 'an act of kindness' are synonymous. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'kindness' in WordNet: 3. kindness, benignity - (a kind act) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActExhibitingCharacterTrait, :HelpingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kind ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :ActOfThoughtfulness a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ActOfThoughtfulness is an act by a Person that demonstrates to observers that the person performing that act is ''Considerate'', at least in that specific case. This means that linguistically 'a Thoughtful act' and 'an act of Thoughtfulness' are synonymous. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActOfKindness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Considerate ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Considerate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Acting :en "acting", "play acting" ; :guid "bd58ba92-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "act" ; :wnsense "act10v", "act3v", "act5v", "acting1n", "performing1n", "play25v", "play4v", "playact1v", "playacting1n", "playing3n", "represent10v", "roleplay1v" ; :wordnet "act", "acting", "performing", "play", "playact", "playacting", "playing", "represent", "roleplay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being someone you aren't. Taking on a character role. Someday this may be partially related to lying. What actors do during plays. What comedians might do as part of a joke. Something children do for fun. Includes senses 3 and 5 of 'act' in WordNet: 3. (7) act, play, represent - (play a role or part; 'Gielgud played Hamlet'; 'She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role'; 'She played the servant to her husband's master') 5. (1) act, play, act as - (pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind; 'He acted the idiot'; 'She plays deaf when the news are bad') WN noun 'playacting': 1. (1) acting, playing, playacting, performing - (the performance of a part or role in a drama) WN verb 'playact': 1. act, play, roleplay, playact - (perform on a stage or theater; 'She acts in this play'; 'He acted in 'Julius Caesar''; 'I played in 'A Christmas Carol'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :Pretending, :SingleDoerAction . :ActingInaMovie a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ActingInaMovie'' is the Action of an ''ActorActress'' performing a Role in some """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaticActing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActorInMovies ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoviePerformance ] . :ActingOnSomething :wnsense "process2v", "treat2v" ; :wordnet "process", "treat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ActingOnSomething'' is a broad concept that includes most 'actions' that cause a change of some kind in one of the properties of an Object or substance. The subtypes 'ActingOnSubstance' and 'ActingOnObject' are somewhat more specific. NOTE: ''ActingOnSomething'' can include 'actions' by **natural forces**. For *purposeful* Actions by ''IntentionalAgent''s the subtypes should add ''PurposefulAction'' as an additional parent. **NOTE on Transitive and Intransitive Events and relations: ** ''ActingOnSomething'' and its subtypes are ''Event''s in which some individual Entity is the Object (semantic 'patient') of some Event or Action - this is an Transitive Event that *may* have a subEvent of (''mayHaveSubEvent'') some ''Undergoing'' which is usually expressed by an *Intransitive* verb. The patient will be said to have 'undergone' some process. The subEvent ''Undergoing'' may not cause any change other than to the history of the object - for example, 'exposing' something to radiation may not result in any change other than the fact that the object 'underwent' (experienced) exposure (became 'exposed' to radiation). Such an Event may cause the object to acquire some AttributeValue, and that AttributeValue can be specified by using the relation ''objectHasAttributeAfter'' to relate the Event to the AttributeValue acquired in that Event. Conversely, an AttributeValue acquired as a necessary consequence of some type of event can be related to that EventType by the relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced''. The third type of Event that is related to Transitive and Intransitive Events is a ''PersistentState'' that may be caused by eithr the Transitive or Intransitive Event, or both; such a state can be related to either of those types of Events by the 'causes' relation - the state 'isCausedBy' some Event. Summarizing: ''ActingOnSomething'' - a transitive Event ''Undergoing'' - an Intransitive Event ''PersistentState'' - may be caused by an ''ActingOnSomething'' or an ''Undergoing'. Relates back to the subject by ''hasSubjectOfState'' ''objectHasAttributeAfter'' - relates a ''ActingOnSomething'' or a ''Undergoing'' to some AttributeValue that was acquired in that Event ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' - relates an AttributeValue to an EventType that an cause the 'semantic patient' to have that AttributeValue. See property ''mayCauseObjectToBecome'' and to relate such an Event to the Attribute the patient may acquire. COSMO note: this type is interpreted as the *transitive* sense of the verb 'change' - the Object or substance acted on is pointed to by the relation ''hadThingAffected'' that points to the grammatical *patient of the action; the *patient must be somehow changed, possibly only in its location or orientation. NOTE that the Object acted on can be Abstract, such as a ConceptualWork. The *patient acted on must be specified, at least as to type. NOTE that as of rev1371 the *patient need not be an ''Object'' - to specify that, use subtype ''ActionOnObject''. Vague concepts like 'process an application' are included here. NOTE that the CYC gloss seems to suggest that the *patient is an 'object' but this type is more *general*, to include actions on non-objects (no examples come to mind). Perhaps this level of generality is unnecessary?? How does one 'act' on an attribute or Event? or a ''Group;; or ''Role'' that is not also an Object? Needs further consideration - but inclusion seems harmless. Cyc: A specialization of both #$Action and #$PhysicalEvent; the collection of physical events in which some doer acts on an object. Each instance of #$ActionOnObject is an action in which both the roles of #$doneBy and #$objectActedOn (qq.v.) are filled. Examples include someone typing on a keyboard and a tornado destroying a building. Non-examples include a person dancing and wind blowing and a heart 'beating' BUT if heart is 'pumping blood' then that is a transitive action that *is* an example of this. The classification depends on the specific usage of the more generic concepts.. NOTE: actions of this type should be represented linguistically by a TransitiveVerb. The closest synset in WordNet appears to be 'process, treat'; that synset covers part of this broad sense. in Wordnet: 2. (121) process, treat - (subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; 'process cheese;; 'process hair;; ;treat the water so it can be drunk;; ;treat the lawn with chemicals; ; ;treat an oil spill;) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, :TransitiveAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :Actinium :guid "bd588af4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "89"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ac1n", "actinium1n" ; :wordnet "Ac", "actinium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO this is a PhysicalSubstance - in CYC it is a PhysicalObject. CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of actinium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Actinium or ActiniumStuff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'actinium' in WordNet: 1. actinium, Ac, atomic number 89 - (a radioactive element of the actinide series; found in uranium ores) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Actinomycete :en "actinobacteria" ; :guid "c0dcc98f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "actinomycete1n" ; :wordnet "actinomycete" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Actinobacteria-Class': A collection of #$Bacterium forming a #$BiologicalClass in the #$MoneraKingdom that includes the #$BiologicalOrders such as #$Actinomycetales-Order. NOTE: some of the most common natural products that are used(or derivatives are used) in medicine were found in broths of ''Actinomycete''s. Used to be very popular in Pharmaceutical companies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'actinomycete' in WordNet: 1. actinomycete - (any bacteria (some of which are pathogenic for humans and animals) belonging to the order Actinomycetales) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eubacterium . :Action :eng "doing" ; :guid "bd58a841-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "act", "action", "do", "thing" ; :wnsense "act1v", "action1n", "action2n", "activity2n", "do1v", "do2v", "do3v", "thing2n" ; :wordnet "act", "action", "activity", "do", "thing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some Agent plays a causative role. NOTE that there are two very broad and perhaps non-traditional uses of ''Action'' and ''Agent'' included in this type. An ''Action'' is any Event in which *something* can be said to *do* something, in any sense. Thus if one asserts that a mountain 'remained snow-covered throughout the decade', the mountain would be an 'Agent'' and to 'remain snow-covered' would be considered as an ''Action'' in this broad sense. For a narrower and perhaps more traditional sense of 'Action'' and 'agent' COSMO uses ''PurposefulAction'' and ''IntentionalAgent''. Intermediate degrees of 'agency' are represented by a variety of subtypes. NOTE that ''Resource'' is added as a parent at rev 1717 so as to allow a an Action that is 'required' in order to do something to be considered as a ''Reaource''. NOTE that an Agent may cause an action indirectly and with a time delay, via some device - and that action, controlled largely by the device, is still considered as an Action of that Agent in COSMO. THe 'agent' in an Action is interpreted loosely, so that any linguistic phrase in which an Object 'does' something can be viewed as an Action in this sense. For Purposive agents performing Actions, one may use ''AnimateActivity'' or ''PurposefulAction''. NOTE also that an agent that is performing an ''Action'' has the attribute ''Active'', but that attribute applies *only* within the context and time period that the agent (which could be considered inanimate at other times) is performing that action. An example of this type is a ''Volcano'', which, when not ''Active'' would normally be considered as an 'inanimate object'. A NaturalEvent that causes effects can also be said to be an 'agent' performing an ''Action''. The 'action' set in motion by an Agent may continue even after the death of the Agent. Thus, the fire in an oil burner, being controlled by the Agent that controls the oil burner, is considered as an Action here, even though the burner continues for a long time automatically. The Action in such cases of indirect and delayed effects extends from the time at which the Agent started the action until the end of the time when the predictable immediate consequences occur. At some point it will probably be worthwhile distinguishing the Action of setting a Device from the Events controlled by the device, but as of v0.43 that distinction is not encoded. For Actions directly including only the immediate motion of an animal and its direct, almost simultaneous consequences, use 'AnimalActivity'. NOTE that a MentalEvent such as a feeling or Emotion is also considered an Action,as it is performed by a ''IntentionalAgent''. In different ontologies, the same notion has different names: Action(Cyc) IntentionalProcess (SUMO) action(DOLCE) Activity(ISO15926). NOTE: in COSMO we classify an 'Experience' as a subtype of 'Action' to indicate that the focus of the subject is an Agent, even though no Events external to the Agent may be caused by the Experience. Cyc comment: The collection of #$Events (q.v.) that are carried out by some doer (see #$doneBy). Instances of #$Action include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an #$Agent (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see #$PurposefulAction and #$performedBy. SUMO: A 'Process' that has a specific purpose for the 'CognitiveAgent' who performs it. DOLCE: A Perdurant that exemplifies the intentionality of an agent. Could it be aborted, incomplete, mislead, while remaining a (potential) accomplishment ... The point here is that having a result depends on a method, then an action remains an action under incomplete results. As a matter of fact, if we neutralize intentionality, a purely topological, post-hoc view is at odds with the notion of incomplete accomplishments. NOTE: a Human activity is represented in the subtype ''HumanActivity''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'action' and sense 2 of 'thing' and senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'do' and sense 1 and 2 of 'activity' in WordNet: 1. (632) action - (something done (usually as opposed to something said); 'there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions') WN 'thing' 2. (279) thing - (an action; 'how could you do such a thing?') WN verb 'do': 1. (526) make, do - (engage in; 'make love, not war'; 'make an effort'; 'do research'; 'do nothing'; 'make revolution') 2. (173) perform, execute, do - (carry out or perform an action; 'John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters'; 'the skater executed a triple pirouette'; 'she did a little dance') 3. (134) do, perform - (get (something) done; 'I did my job') WN noun 'activity': 2. (137) action, activity, activeness - (the state of being active; 'his sphere of activity'; 'he is out of action') WN verb 'act': 1. (35) act, move - (perform an action, or work out or perform (an action); 'think before you act'; 'We must move quickly'; 'The governor should act on the new energy bill'; 'The nanny acted quickly by grabbing the toddler and covering him with a wet towel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Active ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :ActionGroup :en "actions" ; :enn "actions" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A Group consisting exclusively of 'Action's." ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Action ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ActionGuidingIdeology :guid "bfcded23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$GoalAttribute used to characterize the cause or ideology that drives the actions of a given (principled) #$Person or of an #$IdeologicalOrganization. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goal . :ActionObjective :wnsense "aim2n", "object2n", "objective1n", "target5n" ; :wordnet "aim", "object", "objective", "target" ; a :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ActionObjective'' is a Goal (syn. Objective) for which the desired situation is intended to occur as the result of a specific Action that is planned, contemplated, or under way. Each Objective must reference the planned action as well as the desired result of that action.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'objective' in WordNet: 1. (39) aim, object, objective, target - (the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable); \"the sole object of her trip was to see her children\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goal . :ActionOnObject :wnsense "process2v", "treat2v" ; :wordnet "process", "treat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ActionOnObject'' is an ''ActingOnSomething'' in which the 'something' acted on is an Object - this will be the typical case of ''ActingOnSomething''. NOTE: these actions should be represented linguistically by a TransitiveVerb. anattribute\" See also 'ActionOnSubstance' for a parallel type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Object ] . :ActionOnSubstance :wnsense "process2v", "treat2v" ; :wordnet "process", "treat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ActionOnObject'' is an ''ActingOnSomething'' in which the 'something' acted on is an Object NOTE: these actions should be represented linguistically by a TransitiveVerb. See also 'ActionOnObject' for a parallel type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :ActionSeries :en "action series", "reiterative action series" ; :enn "action series", "reiterative action series" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ActionSeries' is an Action that is composed of a Series (a LinearlyOrderedGroup) of Actions. The principle of the ordering of the Actions in the series corresponds to the time-sequence of the Additions in the ActionSeries. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReiterativeEventSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Action ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accustoming ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :ActionShowing a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ActionShowing'' is an ''InformationBearingWavePropagation'' (an emission of meaningful light waves created by some ''IntelligentAgent'') that is executed to convey information of any kind for any purpose. This is the generic type that includes displays of any kind of 'video' on film or in a computer file, ona movie screen or a television or a computer monitor or a smart phone, or any other kind of display device or method that can display visual information, whether pre-recorded or 'live'. Note: This uses a distinction between a ''Performance'' for some Action viewed directly versus a similar Action that is transmitted by electronic means to some remote ''DisplayDevice''. This is for the light emitted by the remote display. This form of ''InformationBearingWavePropagation'' is what people see when they watch a Movie or television program. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingWavePropagation . :ActionSummary-W6H a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ActionSummary-W6H'' is a summary of an Action (an Event with an identifiable 'agent' that performs the action) that specifies the answers to the traditional questions; WHO did WHAT to WHOM, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW, and WITH WHAT EFFECT. Question: use relation point to instance of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WHO wasPerformedByAgent Any GenericAgent if a 'with' is used to mean more than one Agent performed the action, use 'AgentGroup' as the WHO. did WHAT rdf:type rdf:resource=\"#EventType\"/> (the type of Action in the typical Event instance heads the instance being represented. This rdf relation can in addition be used to indicate another additional type for a particular Event instance, or can be used if one instantiates the Event as an instance of ''ActionSummary-W6H'' : see examples) to WHOM hasDirectObject the 'direct object' ('patient') of the action (not an indirect object) Indirect obj 'for an agent' use 'hadBeneficiary' usually a ''IntentionalAgent'' (an animal,but it could be a plant or an ecosystem. Indirect obj 'to an agent' use ''hadRecipient' for 'transfers' such as giving or receiving, including information transfers. DitransitiveObjectPair WHEN occurredInTimeInterval occurredInTimeInterval if specific beginning and end times are known with some precision; occurredWithinTimeInterval if time is known only approximately (some year, some day) co-occurredWith if it is only known that it was approximately simultaneous with another Event; occurredEarlierThan if it is known that the subject Event preceded another Event WHERE occurredAt GenericLocation - a Place or Object WHY hasPurpose Goal, Event, State HOW hasManner for specifying manner: 'quickly'; 'veryWell'; ''Skillfully'' usesInstrument if action is performed 'with' some Object serving as the instrument of the Action WithWhatEffect caused, causes if one Event/Actionis a direct cause of another \"hadAddedObject\" \"hasDirectObject\" in which something causes an Animal to """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericAgent ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnconsciousnessOrSleeping ; owl:onProperty :hasPrecondition ] . :ActionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ActionType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Action as their argument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventType, :ResourceType, :TopicType . :ActionWithAccompaniment :en "action with accompaniment" ; :enn "action with accompaniment" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ActionWithAccompaniment'' is an ''EventGroup'' consisting of two ''Action''s, an ''AccompaniedEvent'' and an ''Accompaniment''. The ''AccompaniedEvent'' and/or the ''Accompaniment'' can itself be an ''EventGroup''. The ''AccompaniedEvent'' and the ''Accompaniment'' have some relation to each other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coinciding, :EventGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accompaniment ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AccompaniedEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Actionable :isAnAttributeValueOf :Tort ; :wnsense "actionable1adj" ; :wordnet "actionable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'actionable' in Wordnet: 1. actionable - (affording grounds for legal action; 'slander is an actionable offense') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionAttribute . :ActivatingaDevice :en "turn on" ; :wnsense "activate1v", "actuate1v", "set off1v", "spark off1v", "touch off1v", "trigger off1v", "trigger1v", "trip4v" ; :wordnet "activate", "actuate", "set off", "spark off", "touch off", "trigger", "trigger off", "trip" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ActivatingaDevice'' is an Action that 'turns on' some Device, enabling it to perform some Action. This is broad, including devices other than electric, but is restricted to Devices. For electrical devices See subtype ''SwitchingaDeviceOn''. The type of Device and type of action that the device performs need to be specified. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'activate' in WordNet: 1. (3) trip, actuate, trigger, activate, set off, spark off, spark, trigger off, touch off - (put in motion or move to act; 'trigger a reaction'; 'actuate the circuits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FunctioningOfaDevice :ActionType ) ] ] . :Active :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Action ; :ldoce "active" ; :wnsense "active10adj", "active11adj", "active12adj", "active13adj", "active14adj", "active1adj", "active2adj", "active3adj", "active5adj", "active6adj", "active7adj", "active8adj", "active9adj" ; :wordnet "active" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Active'' is an AttributeValue that has the general meaning of 'currently performing some action'. This is a FunctionalAttributeValue which is polysemic and needs sophisticated disambiguation depending on the type being modified and context. This includes people who are performing some intentional effort over some period of time, which may include rest periods or vacations. For a Person being active at some specific time use subAttribute ''AwakeAndActive''. But this can also refer to aomething that is merely 'acting as the subject in some grammatical Action regardless of whether the something is actually doing anything other than existing - 'The box sat on the shelf'. This may be too broad, but for now it has this broad interpretation,and subAttributes can be more specific when the term 'active' is needed to represent something more specific. In text it is a function that creates a subtype of the type modified. It may also be an attribute of individuals, indicating that a particular individual is in some way acting when it might not be acting in the same way. This FunctionalAttribute will be quite complex, since there are multiple senses. The selection of the sense may be contained within procedures attached to either this attribute, or the type of thing that it might modify. For 'active' as in 'active ingredients' (having an effect) use ''Active-Effective'' For the more specific sense 1, use 'AwakeAndActive'. The Random House Webster has 19 senses for the adjective 'active': 1. engaged in action; characterized by energetic work, participation, etc.; busy: an active life. 2. being in a state of existence, progress, or motion: active hostilities. WN(8) alive - (in operation; 'keep hope alive'; 'the tradition was still alive'; 'an active tradition') 3. involving physical effort and action: active sports. 4. having the power of quick motion; nimble: active as a gazelle. WN (5) characterized by energetic activity; 'an active toddler'; 'active as a gazelle'; 'an active man is a man of action' 5. (frequency of activity characteristic of the type) characterized by action, motion, volume, use, participation, etc.: an active market in wheat; an active list of subscribers. WN(7) full of activity or engaged in continuous activity; 'an active seaport'; 'an active bond market'; 'an active account') 6. causing activity or change; capable of exerting influence (opposed to passive): active treason. 7. effective (opposed to inert): active ingredients. WN: exerting influence or producing a change or effect 8. Gram. noting or pertaining to a voice of verbal inflection in which typically the subject of the sentence is represented as performing the action expressed by the verb (opposed to passive): Writes in He writes a letter every day is an active verb form. 9. requiring or giving rise to action; practical: an active course. 10. (of a volcano) in eruption. 11. Accounting. profitable; busy: active accounts. 12. requiring personal effort or attention; not automatic: an active alarm system. 13. interest-bearing: active paper. 14. Med. acting quickly; producing immediate effects: active remedies. 15. Sociol. (of a crowd) engaging in purposeful activity, often of a militant nature. Cf. expressive (def. 4). 16. Aerospace. able to transmit signals: an active communications satellite. 17. Electronics. (of a device or system) acting as a source of electrical energy, as a generator, or capable of amplifying or converting voltages or currents, as a transistor or diode. 18. (of a solar heating system) accumulating and distributing solar heat by mechanical means. 19. Mil. serving on active duty. This is a broad scope adjective, including all the senses of 'active' in Wordnet: 1. (9) active - (tending to become more severe or wider in scope; 'active tuberculosis') 2. (7) active, combat-ready, fighting - (engaged in or ready for military or naval operations; 'on active duty'; 'the platoon is combat-ready'; 'review the fighting forces') 3. (5) active - (disposed to take action or effectuate change; 'a director who takes an active interest in corporate operations'; 'an active antagonism'; 'he was active in drawing attention to their grievances') 4. (4) active, participating - (taking part in an activity; 'an active member of the club'; 'he was politically active'; 'the participating organizations') 5. (3) active - (characterized by energetic activity; 'an active toddler'; 'active as a gazelle'; 'an active man is a man of action') 6. (2) active - (exerting influence or producing a change or effect; 'an active ingredient') 7. (2) active - (full of activity or engaged in continuous activity; 'an active seaport'; 'an active bond market'; 'an active account') 8. (1) active, alive - (in operation; 'keep hope alive'; 'the tradition was still alive'; 'an active tradition') 9. active - (of the sun; characterized by a high level activity in sunspots and flares and radio emissions) 10. active - (expressing that the subject of the sentence has the semantic function of actor: 'Hemingway favors active constructions') 11. active, dynamic - (expressing action rather than a state of being; used of verbs (e.g. 'to run') and participial adjectives (e.g. 'running' in 'running water')) 12. active - ((of e.g. volcanos) capable of erupting) 13. active - ((of e.g. volcanos) erupting or liable to erupt; 'active volcanos') 14. active - (engaged in full-time work; 'active duty'; 'though past retirement age he is still active in his profession') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :Active-Effective :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :CausingChange ; :ldoce "active" ; :wnsense "active6adj" ; :wordnet "active" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Active-Effective'' is an AttributeValue of substances that have some specific 'activity' that can be of any kind, but is most commonly applied to physiological effects that can be caused by DrugSubstances or insecticides or poisons. Specifically the ''ActiveIngredient''s of ''DrugProduct's are ''Active-Effective''. Of The 19 Random House Webster senses for the adjective 'active', sense 7 is the meaning that this type represents 7. effective (opposed to inert): active ingredients. This corresponds to sense 6 of 'active' in Wordnet: 6. (2) active - (exerting influence or producing a change or effect; 'an active ingredient') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effective, :FunctionalAttributeValue . :ActiveIngredient :en "active ingredient" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''ActiveIngredient'' one of the component substances of a mixture that has the effect that is intended when that mixture is used for some purposes. Other ingredients may perform other functions such as the 'base' (the main component that has not activity), dissolving the ''ActiveIngredient''(s) to make it easily used, or as preservatives, as colorants, or as filler to make the ''ActiveIngredient''(s) easier to manipulate, or any other function that the manufacturer considers useful. . This type is applied commonly in ''DrugProduct''s but is also used for other types of substances that are useful, especially when useful in dilute form (such as insecticides). preservative? cosmetics? \" drugProduct \" DrugSubstanceType """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Component, :GenericSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Active-Effective ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Activeness :wnsense "activeness2n", "activity6n" ; :wordnet "activeness", "activity" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'activeness' in WordNet: 2. activeness, activity - (the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically; 'the level of activity declines with age') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :Activism :wnsense "activism1n" ; :wordnet "activism" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Activism'' is a ''Policy'' of taking direct action to support a cause. 'direct action' is not necessarily a confrontation. Peacefully demonstrating is included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'activism' in WordNet: 1. (2) activism - (a policy of taking direct and militant action to achieve a political or social goal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Policy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SupportingAction ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DesiredFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ] . :Activist :wnsense "activist1n", "militant1n" ; :wordnet "activist", "militant" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Activist'is a ''Supporter'' who supports some cause or organization or PoliticalParty by personal effort; someone who performs some ''SupportingAction''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'activist' in WordNet: 1. militant, activist - (a militant reformer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingAction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :ActivityCharacteristic a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of a 'Population' that consists of the performance of certain characteristic behaviors. The characteristic behaviors may be routine (going to Mass on Sunday for observant Catholics) or sporadic, possible triggered by eents (characreistic reactions to Events). To fit into this category the evidence of such characteristic behavior should be more than anecdotal.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopulationCharacteristic . :ActivityEnthusiast :wnsense "addict1n", "freak2n", "junkie2n", "junky2n", "nut6n" ; :wordnet "addict", "freak", "junkie", "junky", "nut" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ActivityEnthusiast'' is an ''Enthusiast'' who so strongly likes to perform some type of Activity that this liking appears almost as strong as a substance addiction. This type of liking is stronger than the parent 'Enthusiasm''. Distinguishing an ''Enthusiast'' from a true 'junky' made be judgmental in borderline cases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'addict' in WordNet: 1. addict, nut, freak, junkie, junky - (someone who is so ardently devoted to something that it resembles an addiction; 'a golf addict'; 'a car nut'; 'a bodybuilding freak'; 'a news junkie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enthusiast, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFanOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HumanActivity :AgentType ) ] ] . :ActivityTopic a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ActivityTopic' is a Topic that includes and points to different objects, events, processes, relations, and attributes that relate to some type of activity that is carried out by agents - people, animals, or organizations..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Topic . :ActivityTypeFocusGroup :en "focus group" ; :guid "bd58a9e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfPeople who are united by some common interest in an activity. This is not an Organization, as it is in Cyc. An Organization whose members constitute an ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup'' might include such organizations as an 'IdeologicalOrganization'. NOTE that this is not an Organization, but a GroupOfPeople, which both a PhysicalObject and an IntelligentAgent. The distinction between Organization and GroupOfPeople is not observedd in Cyc or SUMO, and there are therefore differences in concepts related to those entities. NOTE: Cyc makes this a subtype of Organization, but in COSMO it is not an Organization. Cyc: #$ActivityTypeFocusGroup is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$ActivityTypeFocusGroup is an organization which focuses on some type of activity, such as stamp collecting or sailing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandOfPeople . :Actor :wnsense "actor2n" ; :wordnet "actor" ; a :GrammaticalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Actor'' is a ''Person'' who is the primary''Participant'' in an ''Action'' and typically takes the initiative to make the 'Action'' happen. For the thespian 'actor' use ''ActorActress'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'actor' in WordNet: 2. actor, doer, worker - (a person who acts and gets things done; 'he's a principal actor in this affair'; 'when you want something done get a doer'; 'he's a miracle worker') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Participant, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheMainParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ] . :ActorActress :guid "bd58da1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "actor", "actress" ; :wnsense "actor1n", "actress1n", "histrion1n", "player3n", "role player2n", "thespian1n" ; :wordnet "actor", "actress", "histrion", "player", "role player", "thespian" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people whose job it is to entertain others by taking on the roles of other characters in #$DramaticPerformances, i.e. someone who practicesOccupation of ''DramaticActing''. This sense includes male and female actors (a usage which is becoming common even linguistically); for the specifically female ActorActress use 'Actress'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'actor' and sense 1 of 'actress' in WordNet: 1. (14) actor, histrion, player, thespian, role player - (a theatrical performer) WN 'actress': 1. (3) actress - (a female actor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :playsTheRoleOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DramaticRole ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DramaticActing ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :ActorInMovies :guid "c0c4724c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "movie actor1n", "screen actor1n" ; :wordnet "movie actor", "screen actor" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people whose job it is to act in movies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'movie actor' in WordNet: 1. screen actor, movie actor - (an actor who plays a role in a film) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActorActress . :ActorOnTV :en "TV actor" ; :enn "TV actor" ; :guid "bde7f50c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people whose job it is to act in television shows. It does not include talk-show hosts and news personnel, who do not pretend to be something they are not. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActorActress, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :TelevisionProgram ] . :ActorsInaPerformance a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ActorsInaPerformance' is the Group of 'ActorActress'es that have participated as actors in some entertainment Action, such as a Movie, play, television show, or other performance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ActorActress ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :ActorsLine :en "line" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ActorsLine'' is a ''LineOfText-Abstract'' that represents what an actor speaks at some point in a play or movie. This is what is spoken at one time between periods of silence for that actor. RHW represents all of one actors ''ActorsLine''s, which would be a Group of ''ActorsLine''s. RHW: 10. Usually, 'lines'. the words of an actor's part in a drama, musical comedy, etc.: to rehearse one's lines. None of the 29 WN senses of 'line' seems to fit. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LineOfText-Abstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Actress :ldoce "actress" ; :wnsense "actress1n" ; :wordnet "actress" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A female 'ActorActress'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 'actress' in WordNet: WN 'actress': 1. (3) actress - (a female actor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActorActress, :FemalePerson ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:ActorActress :FemalePerson ) ] . :Actual :isTheOppositeOf :Counterfeit, :Simulated ; :ldoce "actual", "real" ; :wnsense "actual1adj", "actual3adj", "authentic2adj", "bona fide2adj", "genuine3adj", "real3adj", "true7adj", "unquestionable2adj", "veritable2adj" ; :wordnet "actual", "authentic", "bona fide", "genuine", "real", "true", "unquestionable", "veritable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FunctionalAttribute 'Actual', when modifying some type, is a function that creates a subtype of the type modified. 'Actual' specifies something existing in the given situation, as opposed to something that might have been predicted or could have been otherwise: e.g. 'He should have been in Reno, but his actual location is Las Vegas.' This is similar to 'Real', but used in contexts where there is some alternative possibility that is proposed ('the actual value was twice what was estimated') 'Real'' is used for things that are in the 'RealWorld' as opposed to imagination or theory or myth, The interpretaition of 'Actual' in a text will likely depend on previous portions of the text or context to determine what might otherwise have been true, as opposed to the actual thing which is true. The meaning overlaps with 'true' and 'real'. This type includes all 6 adjective senses in WordNet, plus sense 2 of 'authentic'; the distinctions need to be examined to see of there are logical criteria for different senses (one may be 'non-fictional' or 'not faked or reenacted', sense 2, overlapping with 'original'; and sense 3, an attribute of Events) @ToDo: in WordNet: 1. (23) actual, existent - (presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible; 'the predicted temperature and the actual temperature were markedly different'; 'actual and imagined conditions') 2. (8) actual - (taking place in reality; not pretended or imitated; 'we saw the actual wedding on television'; 'filmed the actual beating') 3. (3) actual, genuine, literal, real - (being or reflecting the essential or genuine character of something; 'her actual motive'; 'a literal solitude like a desert'- G.K.Chesterton; 'a genuine dilemma') 4. (2) actual, factual - (existing in act or fact; 'rocks and trees...the actual world'; 'actual heroism'; 'the actual things that produced the emotion you experienced') 5. de facto, actual, factual - (existing in fact whether with lawful authority or not; 'de facto segregation is as real as segregation imposed by law'; 'a de facto state of war') 6. actual - (being or existing at the present moment; 'the ship's actual position is 22 miles due south of Key West') WN adj 'authentic': 2. (6) authentic, bona fide, unquestionable, veritable - (not counterfeit or copied; 'an authentic signature'; 'a bona fide manuscript'; 'an unquestionable antique'; 'photographs taken in a veritable bull ring') WN adj 'true': 7. genuine, true, unfeigned - (not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed; 'genuine emotion'; 'her interest in people was unfeigned'; 'true grief') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :Acupuncture :guid "bf30ae24-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "acupuncture1n", "stylostixis1n" ; :wordnet "acupuncture", "stylostixis" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$ServiceEvents where #$Acupuncture, an originally Chinese practice of puncturing the body at specific points, is used to cure disease or to relieve pain. #$Acupuncture is not a #$MedicalTreatmentEvent because it is not necessarily performed by a medical care professional. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acupuncture' in WordNet: 1. acupuncture, stylostixis - (treatment of pain or disease by inserting the tips of needles at specific points on the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProfessionalServicing, :PuncturingTheSkin, :ServiceEvent, :SingleDoerAction, :TherapeuticProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AcupunctureNeedle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PuncturingTheSkin ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :AcupunctureNeedle :en "acupuncture needle" ; :enn "acupuncture needle" ; :guid "bfdbcdba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of needles designed specifically for acupuncture. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :Needle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Acupuncture ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Acupuncturist :en "acupuncturist" ; :guid "c0f31073-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of health professionals who provide ''Acupunture'' treatment. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Acupuncture ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Acute :isAnAttributeValueOf :AilmentCondition ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Moderate ; :wnsense "acute1adj" ; :wordnet "acute" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Acute'' is an AttributeValue of some phase of an ''AilmentCondition'' that is not only ''Intense'' but also at a peak phase (in contrast to potentially low-level or persistent). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'acute' in Wordnet: 1. (2) acute - (having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course; 'acute appendicitis'; 'the acute phase of the illness'; 'acute patients') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intense, :VeryBad . :AcuteAngled :wnsense "acute4adj" ; :wordnet "acute" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AcuteAngled'' is the property of an Angle that is less than 90 degrees, or of an Object that has an acute angle. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'acute.' in Wordnet: 4. acute - (of an angle; less than 90 degrees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SharpAngled . :AdLib :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Impromptu ; :wnsense "ad lib1adv" ; :wordnet "ad lib" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'ad lib' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ad lib, ad libitum, spontaneously, impromptu - (without advance preparation; 'he spoke ad lib') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Adam-Biblical :hasQualitativeAttribute :Biblical, :FirstOfaSeries ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; a :Man, :Organism ; rdfs:comment """The first Man that God created, according to the Hebrew Bible. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Adam' in WordNet: 1. (14) Adam - ((Old Testament) in Judeo-Christian mythology; the first man and the husband of Eve and the progenitor of the human race) """ . :Adaptation :wnsense "adaptation1n", "version3n" ; :wordnet "adaptation", "version" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Adaptation'' is a variant version of some ''TextualPCW'' (a text or spoken 'Linguistic Phrases' ) that has been changed so as to conform to the requirements of a different form of presentation or language. This is used for playscripts or movie scripts based on an original text, but can also be used for ''Translation''s or just later versions with or without added material (such as updates for factual texts). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adaptation' in WordNet: 1. (1) adaptation, version -(a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form; 'the play is an adaptation of a short novel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualPCW, :Version, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdaptingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :AdaptingCurrent :en "adapting electric current" ; :enn "adapting electric current" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdaptingCurrent'' is the act of changing some attribute of an ''ElectricCurrent'' to another. This can be used to represent the change of voltage values, as in 240 to 120 volts, or the change from A to DC or vice-versa. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdaptingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurrentConverter ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :AdaptingOneself :en "accommodating", "adapting", "adjusting" ; :wnsense "accommodation1n", "adapt2v", "adaptation2n", "adjust3v", "adjustment4n", "conform2v" ; :wordnet "accommodation", "adapt", "adaptation", "adjust", "adjustment", "conform" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdaptingOneself'' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent makes some changes to her.his own behavior, and possibly to things that can affect his/her behavior, as a result of a real or perceived change of circumstances. This is broad, and covers actions that occur frequently and routinely in human behavior. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'adapt' and part of noun sense 2 of 'adaptation' in WordNet: 2. (3) adjust, conform, adapt - (adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions; 'We must adjust to the bad economic situation') WN noun 'accommodation': 1. adjustment, accommodation, fitting - (making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances) WN noun 'adaptation': 2. adaptation, adaption, adjustment - (the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :Modification ; owl:disjointWith :AdaptingSomething . :AdaptingSomething :en "adapting" ; :wnsense "accommodate2v", "adapt1v", "adaptation2n", "adaption1n" ; :wordnet "accommodate", "adapt", "adaptation", "adaption" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdaptingSomething'' is a ''Modification'' of something other than the Agent (for the former use ''AdaptingOneself''). The Thing adapted can be an Object, Action, or Substance, and the purpose is to change the thing modified to make it more suitable for the adapting Agent's purposes. The thing adapted can be of any kind but not the prime agent of the act. ''AdaptingSomething'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which something - some part or attribute of an Object - is changed so as to make it more 'fitting' or appropriate or useful to achieve some goal. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adapt' and part of noun sense 2 of 'adaptation' in WordNet: 1. (7) adapt, accommodate - (make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose; 'Adapt our native cuisine to the available food resources of the new country') WN noun 'adaptation': 2. adaptation, adaption, adjustment - (the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjusting, :HumanActivity, :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evaluating ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adaptation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] ; owl:disjointWith :AdaptingOneself . :Adaptive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :AdaptingSomething ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :AdaptingOneself ; :wnsense "adaptative1adj", "adaptive1adj" ; :wordnet "adaptative", "adaptive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adaptive'' is an Attribute of Objects that are capable of performing an ''AdaptingOneself'' or serving as the Object of an ''AdaptingSomething'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adaptive' in Wordnet: 1. adaptive, adaptative - (having a capacity for adaptation; 'the adaptive coloring of a chameleon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Added :en "added" ; :enadj "added" ; :ened "added" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AddingEvent ; :ldoce "further" ; :wnsense "additional1adj", "extra3adj" ; :wordnet "additional", "extra" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Added'' is an attribute of something that was added into something else in an ''AddingEvent'' (or some subtype of such an Event). Essentially identical in meaning to Adjective instance 'additional', but this is a type in the AttributeValue hierarchy. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'additional' and sense 3 of 'extra' in WordNet: 1. extra, additional - (further or added; 'called for additional troops'; 'need extra help'; 'an extra pair of shoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :AddedObject :en "added object", "thing added" ; :enn "added object", "thing added" ; :ldoce "addition" ; :wnsense "addition1n" ; :wordnet "addition" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AddedObject' is an 'Object' added to another 'Object' in an 'AddingEvent', to create an aggregate larger than the original 'Object'; this is a Role that the added object acquires as a result of being a participant in the 'AddingEvent'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'addition' in WordNet: 1. (5) addition, add-on, improver - (a component that is added to something to improve it; 'the addition of a bathroom was a major improvement'; 'the addition of cinnamon improved the flavor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AddingEvent ; owl:onProperty :wasAffectedByEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Added ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Addendum :wnsense "addendum1n", "postscript2n", "supplement1n" ; :wordnet "addendum", "postscript", "supplement" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Addendum'' is ''AdditionalInformation'' added to the end of an ''AbstractDocument''. This is not ''AdditionalInformation'' (e.g. references, footnotes, images, illustrations) interspersed among other parts of a document. NOTE that this is for the AbstractDocument - it will have physical representation in any published material. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'addendum' in WordNet: 1. addendum, supplement, postscript - (textual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdditionalInformation, :DocumentPart ; owl:disjointWith :MainSection . :Addict :wnsense "addict2n" ; :wordnet "addict" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Addict'' is a ''Person'' who has an addiction, i.e. is performing the state of ''Addiction'' such that the Person has a compulsion (a 'craving') to ingest some form of Substance. This is not the same as an 'Enthusiast' though the term 'addict' is sometimes usd for people with a strong enthusiasm for some Activity. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'addict' in WordNet: 2. addict - (someone who is physiologically dependent on a substance; abrupt deprivation of the substance produces withdrawal symptoms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugUser, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Addiction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Addicted :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Addiction ; :wnsense "addicted1adj" ; :wordnet "addicted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'addicted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) addicted - (compulsively or physiologically dependent on something habit-forming; 'she is addicted to chocolate'; 'addicted to cocaine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Addiction :wnsense "addiction1n", "dependance1n", "dependence2n", "dependency2n", "habituation1n" ; :wordnet "addiction", "dependance", "dependence", "dependency", "habituation" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Addiction'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' in which a Person ingests quantities of substance that are excessive and can cause significant health problems but is unwilling to stop due to some malfunction of normal mental self-control. Major subtypes could be alcohol or opiod addiction. This is for compulsive behavior with significant deleterious effect: Doing something one likes a lot,even if it is not optimal for health or success, is not automatically 'addiction'. This tpe does not include overeating or 'excessive' sexual activity. This is considered a ''MentalIllness'' in COSMO, as that term broadly includes any illess that has a significant component of abnormal mental functioning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'addiction' in WordNet: 1. addiction, dependence, dependance, dependency, habituation - (being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :MentalIllness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugAbuse ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Addict ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compulsion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CompulsiveBehavior ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Addictive :isAnAttributeValueOf :AddictiveSubstance, :PhysicalSubstance ; :wnsense "addictive1adj", "habit-forming1adj" ; :wordnet "addictive", "habit-forming" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Addictive'' is an AttributeValue of a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that, when ingested, may cause the user to become unable to refrain from further use, even when that use is harmful, and even when the user recognizes it as harmful. The degree to which such use may cause ''Addiction'' varies among people. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'addictive' in Wordnet: 1. addictive, habit-forming - (causing or characterized by addiction; 'addictive drugs'; 'addictive behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AddictiveSubstance :en "addictive substance" ; :guid "c0fd58ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ opioids and alcohol, notably """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Addictive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AddingEvent :ldoce "add", "addition" ; :wnsense "add1v", "addition2n" ; :wordnet "add", "addition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AddingEvent' is an Action in which some Agent adds some entity to another to create something larger. This can be the abstract process of addition (see 'DoingAddition') or the physical adding of some physical objects (or substances) to others to create a larger aggregate of physical objects or subsances. This is not for abstract or metaphorical additions. Both the object addded and the object added to are considered as being 'affected' and have the traditional semantic role of 'patient', but the restriction only requires specifying the thing added (the 'Addition'), since there is as yet (rev937 - @ToDo) no type for the thing added to. A more abstract 'adding' may be useful. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'add' and part of noun sense 2 of 'addition'(for physical objects only) in WordNet: 1. (395) add - (make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of; 'We added two students to that dorm room'; 'She added a personal note to her letter'; 'Add insult to injury'; 'Add some extra plates to the dinner table') WN noun 'addition': 2. (5) addition - (the act of adding one thing to another; 'the addition of flowers created a pleasing effect'; 'the addition of a leap day every four years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AddedObject owl:Thing ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Added ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :AddingMachine :ldoce "calculator" ; :wnsense "adding machine1n", "calculator1n" ; :wordnet "adding machine", "calculator" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mechanical calculating device, which may do multiplication and division as well as addition and subtraction. An 'AddingMachine' may be powered by hand or by electricity, but the calculations must be performed by mechinical interactions of moving parts, and not by electronic signals. For electronic calulating devices, use 'Calculator'. NOTE that, unlike in WordNet, an 'AddingMachine' is not a subtype of 'Calculator', which term is reserved in COSMO for electronic devices. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'calculator' and part of sense 1 of 'adding machine' (for mechanical adders) in WordNet: 1. (2) calculator, calculating machine - (a small machine that is used for mathematical calculations) WN noun 'adding machine': 1. adding machine, totalizer, totaliser - (a calculator that performs simple arithmetic functions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ManufacturedGoods . :AdditionalInformation :en "added information", "additional information", "clarifying information", "supplementary information", "supplementary material" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdditionalInformation'' is some quantity of ''Information-Content'' that is added to some previously communicated 'Information-Content'', in any of various forms and for any of various purposes. Supplementary information, references, footnotes, images, illustrations, clarifying information, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddedObject, :Information-Content, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supplementary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Additive :wnsense "additive1n" ; :wordnet "additive" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Additive' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that has been added to some other substance, and comprises less than one-half of the total by weight in the resulting Mixture, usually much less than half. RHW 'additive': 1. Something that is added, as one substance to another, to alter or improve the general quality or to counteract undesirable properties: an additive that thins paint. NOTE that the WN sense is for additrives only intended to improve a substance, whereas the COSMO sense is more general, and includes 'Adulterant' as a subtype. There are borderline cases where something added to change some quality (e.g. shelf life) can be deleterious to health. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adulterant' in WordNet: 1. (5) additive - (something added to enhance food or gasoline or paint or medicine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :Address :FIBO "address" ; :ldoce "address" ; :wnsense "address1n", "address6n" ; :wordnet "address" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Address is an identifier for a location; the location may be physical or abstract (see 'GenericLocation'). The most common kinds of Address are identifiers for nodes in a path system, such as the postal system (street address, postal address), the Internet, or a Telephone System. An Address may explicitly have, but does not have to have, information about the path that can reach that location. For example, an internet address in numeric form will have some explicit information about the path through the internet that can reach the intended location. A postal address will usually have the country, state, city, and street number or Post Office box number that will imply a path from any other location. This includes the 'address' of data in a computer data storage device, but there is as yet (r949) no specific subtypes for the computer 'address'. This is the sense to be used when one asks 'what is his address' or 'I don't know his address'. But when a Police report states 'he wasn't at that address', the sense of 'address' is closer to WN sense 2, a physical location, which is *not* included in this sense. NOTE that this generic concept of an Address is not a String, but is a substype of the more abstract Identifier type. A String that serves as an Address is an 'AddressString'. NOTE that the restriction requiring that the indicated Location be specified is relaxed to allow some type of location to be identified; for each identifier *some* information about what is identified should be present. FIBO 'address': 'An index to a location to which communications may be delivered' WN NOTE: this type represents an identifier, and does not include the actual physical location represented by Wordnet sense 2: 2. (5) address - (the place where a person or organization can be found or communicated with) This type includes but is broader than the sense 1 of 'address' in WordNet; WordNet sense 1 is a code - an identifier - for a computer storage location, but there is no analogous code for a physical location in Wordnet: 1. (21) address, computer address - ((computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored) 6. address, destination, name and address - (written directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Identifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :identifies ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ] . :AddressString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AddressString is an AbstractString that identifies some location in some space, which may be physical or abstract.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Address, :FormattedString, :IdentifierString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GenericLocation ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :AdequateNutrition :en "adeqquate nutrition" ; :enn "adeqquate nutrition" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdequateNutrition'' is the quantity and quality of nutrients in ''RegularFare'' for an Animal to maintain a halthy condition. health, wellness """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nutrition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nutrient ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :Adherence :wnsense "adherence1n", "adhesion4n", "attachment5n" ; :wordnet "adherence", "adhesion", "attachment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adherence' in WordNet: 1. (2) attachment, adherence, adhesion - (faithful support for a religion or cause or political party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingApproval, :ShowingSupportForSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadCauseOrAgentSupported ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType :Action :ActionType :Belief :BeliefType :Campaign ) ] ] . :Adherent :wnsense "adherent1n", "disciple1n" ; :wordnet "adherent", "disciple" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Adherent'' is a ''Believer'' who believes or professes to believe the doctrines of some specific ''PhilosophicalSchool'' that originated with a specific ''Person''. The affiliation may be only nominal, thus an ''Adherent'' is not necessarily a true believer. NOTE the difference between this and the parent type ''Believer'' - this is someone who follows or professes to follow to some extent the teachings of some individual Person. NOTE: this is the generic 'disciple', as defined in sense 4 of RHW: 4. a person who is a pupil or an adherent of the doctrines of another; follower: a disciple of Freud Includes noun sense 1 of 'adherent' in WordNet, but is broader: in Wordnet: 1. (3) disciple, adherent - (someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :believes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhilosophicalSchool :BeliefType ) ] ] . :Adhering :en "adhering" ; :ldoce "bind", "stick" ; :wnsense "adhere3v", "adhere6v", "adherence1n", "adhesion3n", "adhesiveness1n", "bind1v", "bond10n", "cling1v", "stick15v", "stick4v" ; :wordnet "adhere", "adherence", "adhesion", "adhesiveness", "bind", "bond", "cling", "stick" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Adhering' is a PersistentState in which some PhysicalObject remains attached by the intermediation of some adhesive material, or perhaps by some adhsesive force such as static electricity, such that it will not detach under the force of gravity when the surface to which it sticks is vertical. This often applies to smaller objects sticking to large objects, but the adhering objects can be of the same size. This also includes some part of a clingy foil wrap sticking to another part of itself. This is a persistentState (an intransitive verb sense); for the action of 'sticking' something to something else use ''Bonding''. Some instances of 'Adhering' may be caused by the act of 'Binding' (as when the act of 'Binding' uses glue or cement to bond objects).. NOTE: sense 4 of 'adhere' seems to be a firmer bond than sense 15, and could be a subtype @ToDo: make subtype 'Bonding'? - i.e. requiring more force to separate than 'Adhering'? This includes verb senses 4 and 15 of 'stick' and senses 3 and 6 of 'adhere' in WordNet: WN 'stick' 4. (2) adhere, hold fast, bond, bind, stick, stick to - (stick to firmly; 'Will this wallpaper adhere to the wall?') 15. cling, cleave, adhere, stick, cohere - (come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation; 'The dress clings to her body'; 'The label stuck to the box'; 'The sushi rice grains cohere') WN noun 'adherence': 2. adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence, bond - (the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemainingInaLocation . :AdheringFilm :hasShape :SheetLike ; :ldoce "film" ; :wnsense "film3n" ; :wordnet "film" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AdheringFilm' is a thin film of dust or other fine particles adhering to a surface by solid-solid adhesive forces, and capable of being wiped off (i.e. they are not firmly adhering, as by a cement force). A 'film' of dust on a surface would be a prototype, but many films of fine particles of any composition would qualify. NOTE: this is a borderline 'substance' in that its component parts may be separated from each other, though only by a small distance. Corresponds roughly to part of noun sense 3 of 'film' in WordNet: 3. (42) film - (a thin coating or layer; 'the table was covered with a film of dust') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Film-SheetOrCoating . :AdheringToConditions :hasTemporalLocation ; :occurredLaterThan ; :wasPerformedByAgent :PatrickCassidy ; a :PromisedAction . :Adhesive :wnsense "adhesive1n" ; :wordnet "adhesive" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of a variety of sticky materials, including organic and inorganic, such as Glue, or 'Cement'. Adhesives have the property of being sticky, and must be in the liquid or semiliquid form; a dried Adhesive is not a subtype of this Type. Solder is not an 'Adhesive' both because it is not liquid, and it is not sticky. SUMO: Any Mixture whose purpose is to be used as the instrument of Attaching one thing to another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adhesive' in WordNet: 1. (3) adhesive material, adhesive agent, adhesive -- (a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :BondingMaterial, :Mixture, :StickyStuff . :AdhesiveTape :guid "bda44750-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "adhesive tape1n" ; :wordnet "adhesive tape" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each piece of ''AdhesiveTape'' Tape is a piece of ''Tape'' with adhesive material on one or both sides. The adhesive material allows ''AdhesiveTape'' to be used to hold objects together, or to cover over cracks or other openings in a surface (as with subtype ''DuctTape''. Cyc: #$AdhesiveTape is the #$Collection of all adhesive #$Tape. An instance of #$AdhesiveTape is a thin, flat adhesive. It consists of a normal #$Tape with at least one side having #$surfaceAttributeOfObj #$Sticky. If this is true of both sides of the #$Tape, it is a #$DualSidedAdhesiveTape. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adhesive tape' in WordNet: 1. adhesive tape - (tape coated with adhesive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FasteningObject, :Tape . :Adjacent :isAnAttributeValueOf :Pair ; :ldoce "next" ; :wnsense "adjacent1adj", "next1adj" ; :wordnet "adjacent", "next" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of some ''Pair'' (of objects or regions, the two elements of which are 'next' to each other in some sense, having no other thing of the same type between,and ifseparated by something,that thing is of insignificant'size' relative to the tingsin the Pair) is closest in space (physical or abstract) to each other with nothing similar or of comparable size between them). Two one-family residences may be ''Adjacent'' even if they do not touch; two ''GrammarClauses'' in a Sentence may be separated by only a Comma or a Semicolon or some other non-alphabetical character. This is a specialization of 'Nearby' and is has a meaning close to 'very near' or in some cases 'nearest'. Linquistically, 'adjacent' and 'next' in this sense often specify the thing that is close by the use of 'to'; #ToDo there should be a rule requiring that the thing that is close to the thing that is 'Adjacent' be specified, whenever this attribute is used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adjacent' and sense 1 of'next' in WordNet: 1. (4) adjacent, next, side by side - (nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space; 'had adjacent rooms'; 'in the next room'; 'the person sitting next to me'; 'our rooms were side by side') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Neighboring . :AdjacentCountries :en "adjacent countries", "neighboring countries" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AdjacentCountries'' is a ''PairOfCountries''that are adjacent, i.e. they share a border """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfCountries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CountryRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adjacent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AdjacentDrainageBasins :en "adjacent drainage basins" ; :enn "adjacent drainage basins" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ \"TwoDrainageBasins\" is a ''Pair' of Adjacent ''DrainageBasin''s separated by a ''Watershed''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea, :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :DrainageBasin ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :areSeparatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Watershed ] . :Adjective :ldoce "adjective" ; :wnsense "adjective1n" ; :wordnet "adjective" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally denote Attributes of Objects. This category includes all three forms of English adjective: positive, comparative, and superlative. The comparative and superlative are subtypes of this general type, but a direct instance of this type will be in the base ('positive') form. COSMO note: In COSMO, words that are adjectives are found as labels for types under two different branches of the hierarchy. Those adjectives that specify attributes that have meansings and values independent of the specific kind of thing the adjective modifies are AttributeValues. Such Attributes can form subclasses of the things they modify by selecting the instances of a class that have that Attribute - in effect, those subclasses are the intersection of all things that have that Attribute and are instances of that class. Subtypes of the second type of Adjective are more complexly functional, in that they specify 'attributes' whose interpretation depends on the type of thing they are modifying. Adjectives like 'large', 'small', 'good', bad' can depend for their interpretation in complex ways on the nature of the word they are modifying. They also select subtypes from a type that is named by the word being modified by the adjective, but the subtypes are not simply the intersection of the type being modified and some other type. The adjective selects members of the type based on criteria peculiar to the adjective and the type. For example, a 'red car' is a car whose sheet metal appears red (usually being painted by paint of that color). A 'pink grapefruit' is pink only on the inside, and may not have an external appearance different from a yellow grapefruit. A 'red brick' is red at all points on the surface, and if broken, is the same color red on the newly exposed surfaces. A 'red liquid' will have a different intensity of color depending on the concentration of pigment in the liquid and on the length of the path through which the light one sees has traversed. These differences of meaning must be encoded in the logical representation of the function. Such attributes are found as subtypes of the type 'FunctionalAttribute'. An AttributeValue can be a FunctionalAttribute also, but is not necessarily so. If used in the predicative position {Car23 is Red} , it takes the usual interpretation that it is specifying an attribute of a specific object. Another kind of adjective does not select instances from the class modified, but specifically selects instances that are *not* in the class represented by the noun modified. Adjectives such as 'toy', 'fake', 'simulated' specifically assert that the type they are creating from the noun modified is not a subtype of that noun. Adjectives may have antonyms, and the antonyms can have complex relations to other adjectives and their antonyms. The WordNet semantic network has an excellent inventory of adjectives and their relations to each other. Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'adjective' in WordNet; NOTE that sense 2 is actually a label for the *type* as an *instance* of word category, but this type is actually for the words themselves (sense 1); in COSMO the types are defined by describing the character of the instances, not by describing the metatypes of which the type is an instance in WordNet: 1. (3) adjective - (a word that expresses an attribute of something) 2. (2) adjective - (the word class that qualifies nouns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :AdjectiveType :en "adjective" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdjectiveType'' a metatype used to allow ''QualitativeAttributeValue's to also be instances of ''Adverbtype'' and thus allow the ID labels to represent the lexical form of an adjective, duplicating the function of ''Adjective'' in a way that permits inheritance of properties and subtyping..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeType . :Adjourning :eng "adjourning" ; :wnsense "adjourn1v", "adjournment1n", "break up13v", "dissolution4n", "recess3v" ; :wordnet "adjourn", "adjournment", "break up", "dissolution", "recess" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An adjournment can be temporary or permanent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adjourn' in WordNet: 1. (4) adjourn, recess, break up - (close at the end of a session; 'The court adjourned') WN noun 'adjournment': 1. (2) adjournment, dissolution - (the termination of a meeting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndingOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanGroupActivity ] . :Adjudicator :en "electee" ; :wnsense "adjudicator1n" ; :wordnet "adjudicator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Adjudicator' is a Person who decides issues requiring judgment in some rules-based Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adjudicator' in WordNet: 1. adjudicator - (a person who studies and settles conflicts and disputes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judging ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Adjunct :wnsense "adjunct1n" ; :wordnet "adjunct" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Adjunct'' is a 'Nonessential', something that is not necessary for some purpose but nevertheless included, for some reason. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adjunct' in WordNet: 1. (5) adjunct - (something added to another thing but not an essential part of it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nonessential, :ThingWithAttribute . :Adjustable :isAnAttributeValueOf :Device ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Adjusting ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Adjusting ; :wnsense "adjustable1adj" ; :wordnet "adjustable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adjustable'' is the attribute of some''Device'' whose physical size or shape can be changed to better perform some deisign function. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adjustable' in Wordnet: 1. adjustable - (capable of being changed so as to match or fit; 'adjustable seat belts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AdjustableWrench :wnsense "adjustable spanner1n", "adjustable wrench1n" ; :wordnet "adjustable spanner", "adjustable wrench" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adjustable wrench' in WordNet: 1. adjustable wrench, adjustable spanner - (can be changed to different settings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wrench, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :GrippingJaw ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adjustable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Adjusting :wnsense "adjust1v", "adjustment2n", "alteration2n", "correct7v", "modification1n", "set23v" ; :wordnet "adjust", "adjustment", "alteration", "correct", "modification", "set" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adjusting'' includes both the ''evaluating'' required to decide what to adjust, and the ''ChangeEvent'' in which something is changed to some small degree. The intentional adjustment of some attribute or activity so as to *maintain* a certain value (regulating temperature or speed) to achieve some purpose is represented by the subtype ''RegulatingaValue''. This kind of adjustment does not itself require that the value set be maintained by some automated process or device. This includes 'adjusting' the length of some adjustable ArtifactObject, or the shape of an object, or the size of something like the distance between the claws of an ''AdjustableWrench''. NOTE: this includes ''Adjusting'' not only individual objects but also Groups of Objects, where one may select certain objects rather than others to perform some function better together. See subtype ''CoordinatingaGroup''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adjust' and noun sense 2 of 'adjustment' in WordNet: 1. (19) adjust, set, correct - (alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard; 'Adjust the clock, please'; 'correct the alignment of the front wheels') WN noun 'adjustment': 2. (3) alteration, modification, adjustment - (the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Correcting, :HumanActivity, :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evaluating ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :Group :GroupType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ; owl:someValuesFrom :Adjustment ] . :Adjustment :en "modification" ; :wnsense "adjustment5n" ; :wordnet "adjustment" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Adjustment'' is a small ''Change'' made in something - anything - by ''Adjusting'' some part for the purpose of improving it for some purpose (this is not necessarily an 'improvement' becasse the adjusting may not have the desired effect).. This can be quantitative such as adjusting a setting on an instrument, a size or weight, a location, addition or subtraction, or can be qualitative such as an adjustment in a document that, if performed by an Editor, would be an ''Edit'' but if performed by an original author does not have to be a Edit. Many types of things can be adjusted (changed slightly) - the pitch of a voice, speed of a process, the color of an object. As a subtype of ''Attribute'' what is changed needs to be expressed as an pair of attribute values before and after the change. Some dictionaries include 'adjustment' as the result of a 'modification' but the only sense of 'adjustment' in WN close to this concept is sense 5 which refers to a sum of money. This COSMO senseincludes but is much broader than that WN sense: in WordNet: 5. allowance, adjustment - (an amount added or deducted on the basis of qualifying circumstances; 'an allowance for profit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Change, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Adjusting ] . :AdministeringaCity :en "administer a city", "administering a city" ; :enn "administering a city" ; :env "administer a city" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdministeringaCity'' is an ''AdministrationOfAnOrganization'' in which the thing administered (managed) is a ''City'' or some part of it. This implies the administration of one or more functions that a City government performs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administration' in WordNet: 1. (8) administration, disposal - (a method of tending to (especially business) matters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministrationOfAnOrganization . :AdministeringaDrug :wnsense "administer4v", "dose2v", "medicate2v" ; :wordnet "administer", "dose", "medicate" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdministeringaDrug'' is the form of 'DrugTherapy' in which one person gives a Drug substance to another in any form, by injection, by giving pills, by putting in an enema, or by intravenous drip, or other forms. This need not be performed by a medically trained doctor or nurse but can be done by a home health care helper or family member. It is not self-medication. NOTE: giving an agent to disable someone (involuntarily) referred to a 'drugging' someone is not included. It could be a subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'administer', verb sense 2 of 'medicate' and verb sense 2 of 'dose' in WordNet: 4. (1) administer, dispense - (give or apply (medications)) WN verb 'medicate': 2. medicate, medicine - (treat medicinally, treat with medicine) WN verb 'dose': 2. drug, dose - (administer a drug to; 'They drugged the kidnapped tourist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugTherapy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :DrugProduct ] . :AdministeringaSubstance a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdministeringaSubstance'' is a subtype of ''BiologicalIntakeEvent'' in which an Organism (usually an Animal) is treated in some way (usually voluntarily,for human adults) so as to cause that organism to ingest that substance. This can be for the purpose of curing or alleviating an AilmentCondition, but this includes attempts to cure plant diseases, and administering a placebo, and also attempting to incapacitate or kill by poisoning (see subtype ''PoisoningToDeath''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalIntakeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadIngestedSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrganismType :Animal :Plant ) ] ] . :Administration :wnsense "administration2n", "brass3n", "establishment3n", "governance1n", "governing body1n", "management2n", "organisation2n", "organization3n" ; :wordnet "administration", "brass", "establishment", "governance", "governing body", "management", "organisation", "organization" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Administration'' is the GroupOfPeople who collectively manage ('administer') some Organization.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'administration', and includes the WN subtype 'management' noun sense 2 in WordNet: 2. (3) administration, governance, governing body, establishment, brass, organization, organisation - (the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something; 'he claims that the present administration is corrupt'; 'the governance of an association is responsible to its members'; 'he quickly became recognized as a member of the establishment') WN 'management': 2. (8) management - (those in charge of running a business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ManagementEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :AdministrationOfAnOrganization :wnsense "administration1n", "disposal2n" ; :wordnet "administration", "disposal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdministrationOfAnOrganization'' includes administering Government locations or functions - see subtype ''Governing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administration' in WordNet: 1. (8) administration, disposal - (a method of tending to (especially business) matters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManagementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Administration ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Administrative :pertainsTo :Administration, :ManagementEvent ; :wnsense "administrative1adj" ; :wordnet "administrative" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Administrative'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Administration'' or ''Management'' and things directly associated with those types. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'administrative' in WordNet: 1. (16) administrative - (of or relating to or responsible for administration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Managerial . :AdministrativeDistrict :wnsense "administrative district1n", "administrative division1n", "territorial division1n" ; :wordnet "administrative district", "administrative division", "territorial division" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN does not distinguish the Geopolitical agents from their areas or regions. This is the Agent - the same WN synset is used for area and region as well Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administrative district' in WordNet: 1. administrative district, administrative division, territorial division - (a district defined for administrative purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :District . :AdministrativeDistrictRegion :wnsense "administrative district1n", "administrative division1n", "territorial division1n" ; :wordnet "administrative district", "administrative division", "territorial division" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN does not distinguish the Geopolitical agents from their areas or regions. This is the Region - the same WN synset is used for area and region as well Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administrative district' in WordNet: 1. administrative district, administrative division, territorial division - (a district defined for administrative purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalRegion . :AdministrativeStaffPerson :guid "c10c14f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$DeskWorker. Each instance of #$AdministrativeStaffPerson is a worker whose primary job responsibilities are administrative and/or managerial tasks. Such jobs can be at any level in an organization's hierarchy, from receptionist/secretary to executive assistant to manager.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeskWorker . :AdministrativeUnit :wnsense "administrative body1n", "administrative unit1n" ; :wordnet "administrative body", "administrative unit" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AdministrativeUnit'' is a ''Suborganization'' that is an ''Administration'' that has some administrative functions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administrative unit' in WordNet: 1. administrative unit, administrative body - (a unit with administrative responsibilities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suborganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdministrativeStaffPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Administrator :guid "bd58aedc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "administrator1n", "decision maker1n" ; :wordnet "administrator", "decision maker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AdministrativeStaffPerson. Each instance of #$Administrator is an employee of an organization who is responsible for managing its organizational affairs. Instances of #$Administrator may or may not also be required to manage people. If so, then they are also #$Managers (q.v.). NOTE that WN includes 'academic administrator' as a subtype, so the 'business' referred to in the gloss here must be interpreted as any kind of formal stable Organization including ''NonProfitOrganization''s and subdivisions of a Government. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'administrator' in WordNet: 1. (5) administrator, decision maker - (someone who administers a business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministrativeStaffPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ManagementEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Admirable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Admiration ; :wnsense "admirable1adj", "admirable2adj" ; :wordnet "admirable" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Admirable'' is an EvaluativeAttribute that asserts that the thing evaluated is worthy of ''Admiration-Respect''.. Applies to people and actions ad qualities, so includes both senses of 'admirable' in WordNet: 1. (4) admirable - (deserving of the highest esteem or admiration; 'an estimable young professor'; 'trains ran with admirable precision'; 'his taste was impeccable, his health admirable') 2. (2) admirable - (inspiring admiration or approval; 'among her many admirable qualities are generosity and graciousness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Good, :Remarkable . :Admiration :eng "admiring" ; :ldoce "admiration", "admire" ; :wnsense "admiration1n", "admire1v" ; :wordnet "admiration", "admire" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pleasant emotional state caused by observing or becoming aware of something of which one strongly approves - either because of its intrinsic positive qualities, or because (as a person's action) it signifies some state of which one approves. Admiration can be directed toward natural things (to admire the view), or toward supernatural beings, but is usually toward people (see the subtype ''Admiration-Respect'') or things done by or made by people. A ''Liking'' in which the object of 'liking' is another person, and the cause of the ''Admiring'' is an approval of some of the admired person's actions, plus an evaluative feeling that those actions are worthy of copying or mimicking. This sense is broader than the Cyc sense, which is specifically for admiration of people. For the Cyc sense, see 'Admiration-Respect'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'admiration' and verb sense 1 of 'admire' in WordNet: 1. (8) admiration, esteem - (a feeling of delighted approval and liking) WN verb 'admire': 1. (13) admire, look up to - (feel admiration for) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :Liking . :Admiration-Respect :guid "bd58b20b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "admiration" ; :wnsense "admiration1n" ; :wordnet "admiration" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Admiration'' directed toward some Person. In Cyc called 'Admiration'. Cyc: A feeling of strong approval. An intense positive attitude towards another person(s) or group, or toward some supernatural being (See 'Adoration'). May be accompanied by emulation. #$Admiration is different than #$Respect (qv). This is a collection - see #$Happiness for an explanation. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Admiration are #$Wonder-Admiration, #$Adulation, #$Awe, etc. . Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'admiration' in Wordnet: 1. (8) admiration, esteem - (a feeling of delighted approval and liking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Admiration, :Respect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :AdmiringEvent :alwaysCauses :Admiration ; :ldoce "admiration", "admire" ; :wnsense "admire2v" ; :wordnet "admire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AdmiringEvent is an Event in which a person looks at something intentionally and gets a feeling of Admiration derived from that act of looking. 'To admire the view'. 'To admire her beauty', 'To admire the grace of her dancing'. This has some overlap with the Feeling of 'Admiration', but is an Event of Looking, that causes Admiration. Includes verb sense 2 of 'admire' in WordNet (the corresponding nominalized action 'admiration' does not appear to be in WordNet, but is added as a LDOCE synonym): WN verb 'admire': in WordNet: 2. (8) admire - (look at with admiration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Admiration ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Admission :wnsense "admission2n" ; :wordnet "admission" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Admission'' is a 'LinguisticAssertion' that represents the propositional content of a 'AdmittingaFact' Action.. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'admission' in WordNet (it is unclear if the WN sense is intended as a nominalized form of 'admit': in WordNet: 2. (1) admission - (an acknowledgment of the truth of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Informative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdmittingaFact ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :AdmissionToMembership :ldoce "admit" ; :wnsense "admit3v", "admit4v" ; :wordnet "admit" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AdmissionToMembership is a Permission to participate as a member of some Organization or to practice as a recognized membver of a profession. THe possible subtypes have not yet (rev937) been formalized. FOr physical admission to a location, use 'Admittance'. Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'admit' in WordNet: WN verb 'admit': 3. (1) admit, let in, include - (allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of; 'admit someone to the profession'; 'She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar') 4. (1) accept, admit, take, take on - (admit into a group or community; 'accept students for graduate study'; 'We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Permission . :Admittance :ldoce "admission", "admit", "admittance" ; :wnsense "access1n", "accession5n", "admission1n", "admit2v", "admittance1n", "admittance2n", "allow in1v", "entree2n", "let in2v" ; :wordnet "access", "accession", "admission", "admit", "admittance", "allow in", "entree", "let in" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Admittance is a Permission to enter some location. The location can be large (a country) or small (a room). The sense of 'admission' to a hospital is included, though that carries additional implications: @ToDo make a specialized 'admission'for hospitals? Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'admittance', sense 1 of 'admission', and verb sense 2 of 'admit' in WordNet: 2. (11) admit, allow in, let in, intromit - (allow to enter; grant entry to; 'We cannot admit non-members into our club') WN noun 'admittance': 1. entree, access, accession, admittance - (the right to enter) 2. admission, admittance - (the act of admitting someone to enter; 'the surgery was performed on his second admission to the clinic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Permission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnteringSomething ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ] . :Admittedly :pertainsTo :AdmittingaFact ; :wnsense "admittedly1adv", "avowedly2adv", "confessedly1adv", "true1adv" ; :wordnet "admittedly", "avowedly", "confessedly", "true" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Admittedly'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'admittedly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) true, admittedly, avowedly, confessedly - (as acknowledged; 'true, she is the smartest in her class') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :AdmittingToMembership :guid "bdc05bc6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "join" ; :wnsense "induct1n", "initiate3v", "join1v" ; :wordnet "induct", "initiate", "join" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which one or more people or organizations are granted permission [#$GrantingPermission] to become members of some #$Organization. A person may be admitted to membership in some organization but not join (e.g. a #$HighSchoolStudent may be admitted to several colleges but will generally become a student of at most one of them) NOTE: this is used in both transitive and intransitive senses, which can be distinguished if needed. So ''subjectBecomes' points to the Person admitted, not to the admitting Person(s). NOTE: this is not just a 'permission' as the CYC gloss indicates, but an actual 'Acceptance ''plus a joining an Organization that has formal admission requirements or admittance decisonprocedures(e.g. voting), (and perhaps ceremonies - a subtype). The subtype ''JoiningAnOrganization'' is more explicit about the joining. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'induct' in WordNet: 2. initiate, induct - (accept young people into society, usually with some rite; 'African men are initiated when they reach puberty') WN: part of verb 'join': 1. (76) join, fall in, get together - (become part of; become a member of a group or organization; 'He joined the Communist Party as a young man' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acceptance, :GrantingPermission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AdmissionToMembership ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Member ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :AdmittingaFact :en "admitting" ; :ldoce "admission", "admit" ; :wnsense "acknowledge1v", "acknowledgement2n", "admission2n", "admit1v" ; :wordnet "acknowledge", "acknowledgement", "admission", "admit" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AdmittingaFact' is an acknowledgement, orally or in writing, that some fact is true. To be an 'AdmittingaFact' the fact is usually one that the speaker would prefer not to have to state, for any reason, such as embarassment or because it contradicts something the speaker believes or has stated previously. NOTE that an ''AdmittingaFact'' is not necessarily an ''Affirming'', as it is not neceesarily a response to a prior assertion. An 'acknowledgement' of the assistance or contribution of a person (in a published work) is a borderline case, being a admission that the author was assisted by that person. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'admit' and verb sense 1 of 'acknoledge' and noun sense 2 of 'admission' and noun sense 2 of 'acknowledgement' in WordNet: WN verb 'admit': 1. (64) admit, acknowledge - (declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of; 'He admitted his errors'; 'She acknowledged that she might have forgotten') WN noun 'admission': 2. (1) admission - (an acknowledgment of the truth of something) WN noun 'acknowledgement': 2. acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (a statement acknowledging something or someone; 'she must have seen him but she gave no sign of acknowledgment'; 'the preface contained an acknowledgment of those who had helped her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Admission ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Admonishing :wnsense "admonish2v", "discourage3v", "monish2v", "warn2v" ; :wordnet "admonish", "discourage", "monish", "warn" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Admonishing'' is an ''Advising'' ''Action'' in which one Person asserts to another that a possible course of Action by the Person warned could lead to bad consequences for that Person, or for someone else. Use of this concept implies that the Person warned has committed or seems likely to commit the Action being warned against. This differs from a ''Threatening'' in that the Person doing the ''Admonishing'' does not intend to perform harm to the other person if the ''Admonising' is not heeded, but is predicting some form of harm from some other source. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'admonish' in WordNet: 1. (1) warn, discourage, admonish, monish - (admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior; 'I warned him not to go too far'; 'I warn you against false assumptions'; 'She warned him to be quiet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Warning ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :PossibleFutureLoss ] . :Adolescent :isAnAttributeValueOf :Teenager ; :isTheOppositeOf :Adult ; :wnsense "adolescent2adj", "teen1adj", "teenage1adj", "teenaged1adj" ; :wordnet "adolescent", "teen", "teenage", "teenaged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adolescent'' is an age attribute of ''Teenager''s, specifying the interval between reaching age 13 and 19 inclusive. This sense of 'adolescent is identical to 'teenage'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adolescent' in WordNet: 2. adolescent, teen, teenage, teenaged - (being of the age 13 through 19; 'teenage mothers'; 'the teen years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Young . :Adopted :isAnAttributeValueOf :CulturalPractice, :Custom, :Norm, :Ritual, :SocialInstitution, :Tradition ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AdoptingaCustom ; :wnsense "adopted1adj", "adoptive2adj" ; :wordnet "adopted", "adoptive" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adopted'' is an attribute of some Custom or Norm or Tradition that has been adopted in a ''AdoptingaCustom'' Action by some GroupOfpeople. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'adopted' in Wordnet: 1. (2) adopted, adoptive - (acquired as your own by free choice; 'my adopted state'; 'an adoptive country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :AdoptedAsaFamilyMember :isAnAttributeValueOf :AdoptedChild, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AdoptingaFamilyMember ; :wnsense "adopted2adj" ; :wordnet "adopted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdoptedAsaFamilyMember'' is an attribute of a Person who was legally adopted into a family, usually a child. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adopted' in Wordnet: 2. (1) adopted - (having been taken into a specific relationship; 'an adopted child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :AdoptedChild :en "adopted child" ; :wnsense "adoptee1n" ; :wordnet "adoptee" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AdoptedChild'' is a ''Child'' who was legally taken into a family in an ''AdoptingaFamilyMember'' Action. Corresponds to part (the largest part) of noun sense 1 of 'adoptee' in WordNet: 1. adoptee - (someone (such as a child) who has been adopted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Child, :ChildRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdoptedAsaFamilyMember ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AdoptingaCustom :wnsense "adopt1v" ; :wordnet "adopt" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdoptingaCustom'' is a form of ''AdoptingaPractice'' in which the practice is some established ''Custom''. Although this is a 'choosing'' by some GroupOfPeople, it can occur gradually over time,and is therefore not a ''Deciding-Collectively''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adopt' in WordNet: 1. (37) adopt, follow, espouse - (choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans; 'She followed the feminist movement'; 'The candidate espouses Republican ideals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdoptingaPractice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :CustomType ] . :AdoptingaFamilyMember :wnsense "adopt5v", "adoption2n", "take in16v" ; :wordnet "adopt", "adoption", "take in" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdoptingaFamilyMember'' is a ''ServiceEvent'' in which some person or Family agrees to accept (take in) some Person, usually a child, to become a family member. This is an ''Offering'' in that it is an offering to provide support (a seervice) for the adopted Person as a member of the family. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'adopt' in WordNet: 5. (2) adopt, take in - (take into one's family; 'They adopted two children from Nicaragua') WN noun 'adoption': 2. adoption - (a legal proceeding that creates a parent-child relation between persons not related by blood; the adopted child is entitled to all privileges belonging to a natural child of the adoptive parents (including the right to inherit)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcceptingSomething, :Action, :HelpingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :AdoptingaPractice :en "adopting", "adoption" ; :wnsense "adopt1v", "adopt2v", "adopt7v", "borrow2v", "espouse1v", "espouse3v", "take over7v", "take up6v" ; :wordnet "adopt", "borrow", "espouse", "take over", "take up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdoptingaPractice'' is a broad concept including any action in which one agent learns of an idea or practice believed or practiced by another agent and decides to beieve the same thing (to some degree) or use the same practices for the adopting agent's own purposes. It is a 'Choosing' in which the choosing agent chooses to accept a practise, ideology belief,or policy as appropriate to that agent's purposes. This is not quite 'copying' as the adopted thing may be modified and blended with the adopting agent's own ideas. The WN senses 1 and 2 of 'adopt' appear to differentiate between adopting ideas andpractices,but tere is some overlap when 'to 'follow' a 'plan' or 'strategy' in sense 1 is not considered as a 'practice' This sense conflated WN senses 1 and 2 of 'adopt' - these may be broken apart when sufficient examples are available for clear discrimination. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 and 7 of 'adopt' and sense 1 and 3 of 'espouse' in WordNet: 1. (37) adopt, follow, espouse - (choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans; 'She followed the feminist movement'; 'The candidate espouses Republican ideals') 2. (6) adopt, borrow, take over, take up - (take up and practice as one's own) 7. espouse, embrace, adopt, sweep up - (take up the cause, ideology, practice, method, of someone and use it as one's own; 'She embraced Catholicism'; 'They adopted the Jewish faith') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accepting, :Choosing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :Adoration :wnsense "adore1v" ; :wordnet "adore" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adore' in WordNet: 1. (1) adore - (love intensely; 'he just adored his wife') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Love . :AdorationOfaDivinity :wnsense "adoration3n" ; :wordnet "adoration" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AdorationOfaDivinity' is a Feeling of 'Admiration-Respect' directed at a SupernaturalBeing, not at a human or inanimate object. NOTE: this includes any form of respect that might be considered as the Feeling shown by an act of 'Worshipping' . If a person 'worships' out of pure fear, this may not be the proper Feeling that is exhibited. @ToDO - can one worship out of fear? If so, add 'Fear' to 'Adoration' as the thing evidenced by the worshipping. Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'adoration' in Wordnet: 3. adoration, latria - (the worship given to God alone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Admiration-Respect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom :DivineBeing ] . :AdoringSomeone :eng "adoring" ; :wnsense "adoration1n", "adore1v", "worship2n" ; :wordnet "adoration", "adore", "worship" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Combines a deep ''Love-Romantic'' with respect. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adore' in WordNet: 1. (1) adore - (love intensely; 'he just adored his wife') WN noun 'adoration': 1. worship, adoration - (a feeling of profound love and admiration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Love-Romantic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lover ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :LovedOne ] . :Adornment :wnsense "adornment1n" ; :wordnet "adornment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something attached to a PhysicalObject to enhance its esthetic appearance, from the point of view of the person adding it or requesting its addition. (Not all agree on eshetics) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adornment' in WordNet: 1. adornment - (a decoration of color or interest that is added to relieve plainness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Decoration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Adrenaline :guid "be3fcc45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Adrenalin1n", "adrenaline1n", "epinephrin1n", "epinephrine1n" ; :wordnet "Adrenalin", "adrenaline", "epinephrin", "epinephrine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :DrugSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands which stimulates autonomous nerve response. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adrenaline' in WordNet: 1. epinephrine, epinephrin, adrenaline, Adrenalin - (a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Catecholamine, :Hormone . :Adroitness :wnsense "adeptness1n", "adroitness1n", "deftness1n", "facility2n", "quickness1n" ; :wordnet "adeptness", "adroitness", "deftness", "facility", "quickness" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adroitness'' is a ''Skillfulness'' in manual tasks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adroitness' in WordNet: 1. (1) adeptness, adroitness, deftness, facility, quickness - (skillful performance or ability without difficulty; 'his quick adeptness was a product of good design'; 'he was famous for his facility as an archer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skillfulness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skilled ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :Adulation :wnsense "adulation1n" ; :wordnet "adulation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adulation'' is a form of ''Flattery'' (an abstract Text) that is greatly 'Exaggerated'' and expresses ''Admiration'' of questionable sincerity. RHW'adulate': to show excessive admiration or devotion to; flatter or admire servilely. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adulation' in WordNet: 1. adulation - (servile flattery; exaggerated and hypocritical praise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flattery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excessive ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fawning ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Adult :en "grown up" ; :enadj "grown up" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Immature ; :ldoce "adult" ; :wnsense "adult1adj", "big7adj", "full-grown1adj", "fully grown1adj", "grown1adj", "grownup1adj" ; :wordnet "adult", "big", "full-grown", "fully grown", "grown", "grownup" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Adult' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of an animal that has matured to the point of full development, sexually and in size. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adult' in WordNet: 1. (1) adult, big, full-grown, fully grown, grown, grownup - ((of animals) fully developed; 'an adult animal'; 'a grown woman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mature . :AdultAnimal :guid "c1006731-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "adult" ; :wnsense "adult2n" ; :wordnet "adult" ; a :LifeStageType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$AnimalTypeByMaturity (q.v.) and a specialization of #$Animal. #$AdultAnimal is the collection of all animals that are at least mature enough to bear offspring. Cf. #$JuvenileAnimal. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'adult' in WordNet: 2. (5) adult - (any mature animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Animal [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ) ] . :AdultStage :en "adult stage" ; :wnsense "adulthood1n", "maturity1n" ; :wordnet "adulthood", "maturity" ; a :LifeStageType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AdultStage' is the LifeStage that a Person is in after the twenty-first birthday. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'adulthood' (this is a time interval; the type ''Adulthood'' is the state that corresponds to this time interval) in WordNet: 1. (1) adulthood, maturity - (the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStage . :Adulterant :wnsense "adulterant1n" ; :wordnet "adulterant" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Adulterant' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that has been added to some other substance, and reduces its effectiveness or safety, or otherwise makes the resultant mixture less desirable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adulterant' in WordNet: 1. adulterant, adulterator - (any substance that adulterates (lessens the purity or effectiveness of a substance); 'it is necessary to remove the adulterants before use') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contaminant, :SubstanceRole . :Adulterating :wnsense "adulterate1v", "adulteration1n", "debase3v", "debasement1n", "dilute2v" ; :wordnet "adulterate", "adulteration", "debase", "debasement", "dilute" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adulterating'' is an intentional ''Degrading'' Action, usually peerformed by a merchant to allow him/her to sell some product cheaper. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'adulterate' in WordNet: 1. adulterate, stretch, dilute, debase - (corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones; 'adulterate liquor') WN noun 'adulteration': 1. adulteration, debasement - (being mixed with extraneous material; the product of adulterating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Degrading, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Value ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :AdulteringCouple a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AdulteringCouple'' is a ''NotMarriedCouple'' - two people, the first of whom is married and the other is not married to the first (whether or not the second is married to someone else). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotMarriedCouple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spouse ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adultery ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Adultery :wnsense "adultery1n", "criminal conversation1n", "fornication2n" ; :wordnet "adultery", "criminal conversation", "fornication" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adultery' in WordNet: 1. adultery, criminal conversation, fornication - (extramarital sex that willfully and maliciously interferes with marriage relations; \" adultery is often cited as grounds for divorce \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanSexualIntercourse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdulteringCouple ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :Adulthood :wnsense "adulthood1n", "maturity1n" ; :wordnet "adulthood", "maturity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adulthood'' is the state of ''Maturity'' that a Person is in after the twenty-first birthday. Corresponds approximately (a state, not a time interval, though the words used are identical) to noun sense 1 of 'adulthood' in WordNet: 1. (1) adulthood, maturity - (the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Maturity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adult ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanAdult ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Advanced :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Progressing ; :wnsense "advanced1adj", "advanced5adj", "advanced7adj", "sophisticated2adj" ; :wordnet "advanced", "sophisticated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Advanced''is the general attribute for entities that have experienced some form of improvement (see ''Progressing'') in a process that has stages of improvement Includes adjective senses 1, 5, and 7 of 'advanced' in WordNet: 1. (5) advanced - (farther along in physical or mental development; 'the child's skeletal age was classified as 'advanced''; 'children in the advanced classes in elementary school read far above grade average') 5. (1) advanced, sophisticated - (ahead in development; complex or intricate; 'advanced technology'; 'a sophisticated electronic control system') 7. (1) advanced - ((of societies) highly developed especially in technology or industry; 'advanced societies'; 'an advanced country technologically') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Advanced-Modern :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Innovating ; :wnsense "advanced3adj", "forward-looking1adj", "innovative1adj", "modern1adj" ; :wordnet "advanced", "forward-looking", "innovative", "modern" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Advanced-Modern'' is an attribute of things (Objects, Devices, Methods, Materials, Ideas in general) that are not only ''Novel-New'' but incorporate ''Novel-New'' components to accomplish things that could not be previously accomplished. This is mostly used for technically 'advanced' Devices and methods and materials, and does not characterize new forms of art (though it could characterize things used in producing art, such as virtual reality techniques for movie making or new types of paint or other materials). Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'advanced' in WordNet: 3. (2) advanced, forward-looking, innovative, modern - (ahead of the times; 'the advanced teaching methods'; 'had advanced views on the subject'; 'a forward-looking corporation'; 'is British industry innovative enough?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Novel-New . :AdvancingEvent :ldoce "advance" ; :wnsense "advance1n" ; :wordnet "advance" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ForwardMotion that is in the direction of some identified objective. This is a literal physical motion, not a figurative one. For the figurative advancing meaning improving in quality, use ''Progressing''. Includes noun sense 1 and part of verb sense 1 (for non-figurative physical movement) of 'advance' in WordNet: 1. (7) progress, progression, advance - (a movement forward; 'he listened for the progress of the troops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForwardMotion, :MakingaGain . :Advantage :ldoce "advantage" ; :wnsense "advantage1n", "vantage2n" ; :wordnet "advantage", "vantage" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Advantage is a Difference (An Attribute of an ordered pair) in which the first entity of the OrderedPair is judged by some criterion or some agent to be superior or better in some respect for some purpose, and the values of the first and second elements indicate the relative merits of the two. Linguistically, for a pair {a, b} the advantage will be for a with respect to b, expressed: 'a has an advantage over b in (AttributeType)'. Advantages may be relative to two hypothetical situations, where the entities in the OrderedPair are two different situations: 'He will have an advantage if he learns Chinese before travelling to China' - knowing Chinese versus not knowing Chinese is an advantage. This may be used with the two competitors as related elements, merely to specify who has the advantage, or with the values of the criteria by which advantage is measured. @ToDo: not yet represented: a combo of who has the advantage plus the values of their relative positions, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'advantage' in WordNet: 1. (24) advantage, vantage - (the quality of having a superior or more favorable position; 'the experience gave him the advantage over me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference . :Adventitious :en "coincidental" ; :hasAdverbialForm :Accidentally ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event, :EventGroup ; :wnsense "accidental1adj", "accidental2adj", "adventitious1adj", "chance1adj" ; :wordnet "accidental", "adventitious", "chance" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adventitious'' is an attribute of patterns of events, and EventGroups, specifying that the pattern did not occur as a result of causal effects, but of random chance. RHW adj 'coincidental': 1. happening by or resulting from coincidence; by chance: a coincidental meeting. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adventitious' and part of adj sense 1 of 'accidental' in Wordnet. NOTE: WN 'accidental' sense 1 seems to include the notion of things happening by 'fate', which is not part of the meaning of this type. in WordNet: 1. accidental, adventitious - (associated by chance and not an integral part; 'poetry is something to which words are the accidental, not by any means the essential form'- Frederick W. Robertson; 'they had to decide whether his misconduct was adventitious or the result of a flaw in his character') WN adj 'accidental': 1. (5) accidental, casual, chance - (occurring or appearing or singled out by chance; 'their accidental meeting led to a renewal of their friendship'; 'seek help from casual passers-by'; 'a casual meeting'; 'a chance occurrence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :Adventure :ldoce "adventure" ; :wnsense "adventure1n" ; :wordnet "adventure" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Experience that is unusual and exciting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adventure' in WordNet: 1. (12) adventure, escapade, risky venture, dangerous undertaking - (a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExcitingEvent, :Experience . :Adventure-Genre :en "adventure genre" ; :enn "adventure genre" ; :guid "d33f81aa-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :GenreType, :ObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork that are of the adventure genre. These are works that portray people in dangerous exciting situations, often in far-off lands. Famous authors that write in this genre include #$HRiderHaggard and #$EdgarRiceBurroughs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalStory, :Genre, :PropositionalConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Adventure ] . :AdventureMovie :guid "be0c7e4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$AdventureMovie is a collection of instances of #$Movie-CW each of which tells the tale of an adventure.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adventure-Genre, :Movie . :AdventureStory :wnsense "adventure story1n", "heroic tale1n" ; :wordnet "adventure story", "heroic tale" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AdventureStory'' is not necessarily Fictional, but usually is. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adventure story' in WordNet: 1. adventure story, heroic tale - (a story of an adventure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProseLiteraryWork, :Story . :Adventurer :wnsense "adventurer1n", "venturer2n" ; :wordnet "adventurer", "venturer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Adventurer'' is a Person who has performed or oten performs a''RiskyAction''. The degree of 'risk' can vary from mild to terrifying. Subtpes are more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adventurer' in WordNet: 1. (1) adventurer, venturer - (a person who enjoys taking risks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RiskyAction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adventurous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Adventurous :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Adventure ; :wnsense "adventuresome1adj", "adventurous1adj" ; :wordnet "adventuresome", "adventurous" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adventurous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) adventurous, adventuresome - (willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises; 'adventurous pioneers'; 'the risks and gains of an adventuresome economy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bold . :Adverb :ldoce "adverb" ; :wnsense "adverb2n" ; :wordnet "adverb" ; a :AdverbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally denote Attributes of Processes. NOTE that most 'adverbs' in COSMO are represented as ''AdverbialModifier''s, which are logical structuers,not just words of text. See that entry for a further discussion of the use of adverbs in COSMO. NOOTE: occasionally an 'AttributeValue'' is also represented as an instance of ''AdverbType'' (see ''Edgewise''). This is done to minimize complexity and redudancy, and probably should be reworked to make better analytical distinctions. See also the subtypes of ''AdverbialModifier''. In COSMO, adverbs are LogicalFunctions that take as their argument some Event, and return an Event (usually of the same type), with one of its case roles modified. For example, in the sentence 'He always gets up early' the adverb 'early' may take the Event 'getting out of bed' and return the Event, with the case role 'at what time' specifying that the getting out of bed occurs 'during the first part of the daylight hours of each day; before 8 AM'. There are different types of adverbs serving different functions. In COSMO an Adverb may be represented, as in this type, just by the words, or it may be categorized by function. In the latter case, each such category of averb is an instance of ''AdverbType''. Online: There are five basic types of adverbs in the English language, namely that of Manner, Time, Place, Frequency, and Degree. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'adverb' in WordNet; NOTE that sense 1 is actually a label for the type as an instance of word category, but this type is actually for the words themselves: in WordNet: 1. (3) adverb - (the word class that qualifies verbs or clauses) 2. adverb - (a word that modifies something other than a noun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :AdverbOfManner :ldoce "manner", "style" ; :wnsense "manner1n", "manner2n", "mode1n", "style2n" ; :wordnet "manner", "mode", "style" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AdverbOfManner' is an AttributeValue that is an instance of an ''AdverbType'' that serves as an adverb in a sentence and characterizes the Action of a sentence as having been performed in that manner. These typically have Attributes that are the base form of the adverb. WN noun 'mode': 1. (13) manner, mode, style, way, fashion - (how something is done or how it happens; 'her dignified manner'; 'his rapid manner of talking'; 'their nomadic mode of existence'; 'in the characteristic New York style'; 'a lonely way of life'; 'in an abrasive fashion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :AdverbType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdverbType'' a metatype used to relate adverbs to qualitative adjectives. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeType . :AdverbialModifier a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'AdverbialModifier' is an AttributeValue that can modify other AttributeValues (or other adverbs), as well as Events. Intensive adverbs like 'Somewhat', 'Rather' and 'Very' are represented as subtypes of AdverbialModifier in COSMO. This type is not the same as 'Adverb', each instance of which is a ''Word'' (a lexical item) that labels a concept. AdverbialModifiers may be instances of FunctionalAttributeType if they are context sensitive and require some function to determine their precise meaning in context. An AdverbialModifier is usually a function that takes a broad QualitativeAttributeValue, and selects from the range of meanings some smaller subset. *Importantly* an ''AdverbialModifier'' also has as a subtype ''AdverbOfManner'' that serve as adverbs to modify Events to describe the *manner* in which the Event happened or was performed - one very common function of an adverb in a sentence. But many of those same ''AdverbOfManner''s can be used as a prefix to an adjective that is a ''PastParticiple'' (an instance of ''PastParticipleType''), with essentially the same meaning as when that adverb is used in the present for of the sentence,in both cases modifying the verb: \" His beautifully written book was a best-seller. \" \" He wrote the book so beautifully it became a best-seller. \" There are, additionally a different type of, 'sentential adverbs' that prefix a sentence (and sometimes prefix only the predicate) , and have a special function, where the whole sentence is the thing modified, standing alone as an isolated proposition in the logical form: \" Unsurprisingly, the book became a best-seller. \" - is equivalent to - \" It is unsurprising that the book became a best-seller. \" - or - \" The book unsurprisingly became a best-seller. \" - or - \" That the book became a best-seller is unsurprising . \" This is a different usage from: \" The book sold surprisingly well. \" (an ''AdverbialModifier'' usage). And differs from the ''AdverbOfManner'' usage \" He paused briefly to review his progress. \" \" She replied calmly that she didn't care what he thought. \" See also the instances of ''Adverb'', which are lexical ''Word''s.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Adversary :wnsense "adversary1n", "antagonist1n", "bad guy1n", "opponent2n", "opposer1n", "resister2n" ; :wordnet "adversary", "antagonist", "bad guy", "opponent", "opposer", "resister" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Opponent in some serious ConflictEvent where the loser loses something s/he had at the start - unlike a Competitor in a 'Competition', where the winner gains, but the loser doesn't lose anything but the prize. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'adversary' in WordNet: 1. (1) adversary, antagonist, opponent, opposer, resister - (someone who offers opposition) WN noun 'bad guy': 1. (1) bad guy - (any person who is not on your side) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opponent . :Adversely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Harmful ; :wnsense "adversely1adv", "negatively1adv" ; :wordnet "adversely", "negatively" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Adversely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or Rule to assert that the effect of that Event was or is likely to cause ''Harm'' to some animal. This sense of 'adversely' (especially in 'adversely affected') is commonly used to refer to results of physiological events or medical interventions or laws or regulations. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'adversely' in Wordnet: 1. adversely - (in an adverse manner; 'she was adversely affected by the new regulations') WN adverb 'negatively': 1. negatively - (in a harmful manner; 'he was negatively affected') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Advertisement :ldoce "advertisement" ; :wnsense "ad1n", "advert1n", "advertisement1n", "advertising1n", "advertizement1n" ; :wordnet "ad", "advert", "advertisement", "advertising", "advertizement" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Advertisement'' is an ''AbstractDocument'' that contains a Communication intended for a large audience, promoting something - usually a product for sale, but also potentially a 'public service ad' to advance some public-spirited agenda. This is the broad sense, including advertising in any medium, print broadcasting, or internet. NOTE that this is an Abstract document, and the audio or visual advertisements would be executions of an ad considered as as specification. NEEDS MORE DETAIL. The WordNet gloss is unclear as to whether 'advertisement' is a Document or not; this corresponds to part of sense 1 (the only sense) of 'advertisement' in WordNet: 1. (2) ad, advertisement, advertizement, advertising, advertizing, advert - (a public promotion of some product or service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument . :AdvertisementScript a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AdvertisementScript' is a ''ProgramForPerformance'' (an 'AbstractDocument') that specifies the words and actions of actors and supporting staff (e.g. musicians) for a ''BroadcastAdvertisement'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advertisement, :ProgramForPerformance, :Publicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BroadcastAdvertisement ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Advertising :en "advertising" ; :guid "c10afc14-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "advertise" ; :wnsense "advertise1v", "advertisement1n", "advertize1v" ; :wordnet "advertise", "advertisement", "advertize", "publicise", "publicise1v", "publicize", "publicize1v" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: publicizing something through a communications medium, whether for commercial sales or to promote some point of view, or merely to inform. This is the more general sense of 'advertise', essentially synonyous with 'publicise'; for the specifically commercial sense of advertising a product or service for sale, use 'AdvertisingaProduct'. CYC: A specialization of #$CommunicationAct-Single. Each instance of this collection consists of some communication to potential clients of an #$Organization, the desire of the organization that they be its clients. The organization may be a #$Business wanting people to do business with it (cf. the more specific #$Advertising-Business). Or it may be, for example, a #$PoliticalParty (cf. the more specific #$Advertising-Political). See also #$AdvertisingCampaign. SUMO: A Disseminating whose purpose is to promote the sale of an Object represented in a Text or Icon (the advertisement). Includes but is probably broader than the intended sense in verb sense 1 of 'advertise' and sense 1 of 'publicise' in WordNet: 1. (7) advertise, publicize, advertize, publicise - (call attention to; 'Please don't advertise the fact that he has AIDS') WN noun 'advertisement': 1. (2) ad, advertisement, advertizement, advertising, advertizing, advert - (a public promotion of some product or service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingToPersuade, :Publicizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Advertisement ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :AdvertisingCampaign :guid "bff5ca53-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ad campaign1n", "advertising campaign1n" ; :wordnet "ad campaign", "advertising campaign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all extended, organized activity by which a group tries to convince others to buy, rent, attend, vote for, some product. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'advertising campaign' in WordNet: 1. (1) advertising campaign, ad campaign, ad blitz - (an organized program of advertisements) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropagandaCampaign . :AdvertisingCircular :en "abstract advertising circular" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AdvertisingCircular is a small Document-Physical, often only one page, containing price quotes for things offered for sale. Circulars without price quotes are not represented by this type. This is the abstract representation of WN noun 'circular' - See ''Circular-Physical''.: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circular' in WordNet: 1. circular, handbill, bill, broadside, broadsheet, flier, flyer, throwaway - (an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution; 'he mailed the circular to all subscribers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Price :PriceGroup ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circular-Physical ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :AdvertisingDocument :ldoce "advertisement" ; :wnsense "ad1n", "advert1n", "advertisement1n", "advertizement1n" ; :wordnet "ad", "advert", "advertisement", "advertizement" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of an ''Advertisement'' in a physical, written or printed document, or part of a document, containing some advertising information. This may be as small as a few lines in a small personal ad. This type is used to represent the 'advertisment' in a phrase such as 'I saw an advertisement in the paper selling widgets for only 99 cents each.'. The WordNet gloss is unclear as to whether 'advertisement' is a Document or not; this corresponds to part of sense 1 (the only sense) of 'advertisement' in WordNet: 1. (2) ad, advertisement, advertizement, advertising, advertizing, advert - (a public promotion of some product or service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical . :AdvertisingaProduct :ldoce "advertise" ; :wnsense "advertise2v", "advertize1v", "promote3v", "push3v" ; :wordnet "advertise", "advertize", "promote", "push" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A form of Advertising specifically mentioning a product (goods or services)that is for sale; done in the hope of attracting customers. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'advertise' in WordNet: 2. advertise, advertize, promote, push - (make publicity for; try to sell (a product); 'The salesman is aggressively pushing the new computer model'; 'The company is heavily advertizing their new laptops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advertising, :MarketingActivity, :OfferingForSale . :Advertizer :wnsense "adman1n", "advertiser1n", "advertizer1n" ; :wordnet "adman", "advertiser", "advertizer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Advertizer'' is a ''Publicist'' who performs any aspect of creating or disseminating commercial ''Advertising'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'advertizer' in WordNet: 1. advertiser, advertizer, adman - (someone whose business is advertising) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Publicist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Advertising ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Advice :ldoce "advice" ; :wnsense "advice1n" ; :wordnet "advice" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Advice' is a LinguisticAssertion created by an act of Advising. It may or may not include ''Suggesting'' or predicting the results of a course of action. Includes but is broader than noun senses 1 of 'advice' in WordNet, in that it may not recommend or propose any particular course pof action, but merely discuss the pros and cons for the advisee to consider: in WordNet: 1. (18) advice - (a proposal for an appropriate course of action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FutureSituation :EventType ) ] ] . :Advising :en "offering advice" ; :eng "advising", "counseling" ; :guid "bd5fbf7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "advise1v", "counsel1v", "rede2v" ; :wordnet "advise", "counsel", "rede" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Each act of Advising discusses a possible Deciding act, and talks about some FutureSituation(s) which could be caused by the Deciding. This means that 'Advising' is not peremptory and usually includes the reasons for alternative courses of Action. NOTE that 'Advising',although creating and transferring some ''Advice', does not necessarily require that the agent doing the Advising suggest or recommend any particular **course of Action**, it could just be providing information about the problem situation for the client's use. This differs from the CYC usage: for AssertingEvents in which one agent tells another which course of action might be appropriate, use 'Suggesting'; if the Advising agent selects one Action (or group of actions) as clearly preferable to others, it is a ''RecommendingEvent''. **NOTE** @ Although is Englsh this might be viewed as an is a subtype of ''Offering'' because it can be expressed as an ''Offering'' of Advice, the grand-parent class ''Suggesting'' is itself a subtype of ''Advising'', so there cannot be a logical inheritance of ''Offering''' without creating a circularity. The 'agent' performing this Action is the person providing the ''Advice''. NOTE:''Advising'' may be done at the initiative of the person giving the ''Advice'' - this providing 'unsolicited advice'. For ''Advising'' done at the request of a person seeking ''Advice'', use ''Consulting''. ''Consuting'' done for pay is ''ProfessionalConsulting'' Cyc: A collection of events, in which an #$IntelligentAgent A tells another #$IntelligentAgent B what A thinks B should do, especially when A knows more than B does about something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'advise' in WordNet: 1. (11) rede, advise, counsel - (give advice to; 'The teacher counsels troubled students'; 'The lawyer counselled me when I was accused of tax fraud') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :AssertingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Advisor :PersonType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Advice ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Advice ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Deciding ] . :Advisor :wnsense "adviser1n", "advisor1n" ; :wordnet "adviser", "advisor" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Advisor'' is a ''Narrator'' in the Role of someone who is providing ''Advice'' (not necessarily professionally - for that use ''Consultant''). The agent who performs ''Advising'' is categorized as an ''Expert'' but this is intended only in the sense that the ''Advisor'' is expected to know more about (be more 'expert' in) the topic of ''Advice'' than is the Person receiving the advice. 'consultant' is reserved for professional consultants. See subtype ''Consultant''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'advisor' in WordNet: 1. (1) adviser, advisor, consultant - (an expert who gives advice; 'an adviser helped students select their courses'; 'the United States sent military advisors to Guatemala') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Advising ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Advisory :pertainsTo :Advice, :Advising, :Consulting ; :wnsense "advisory1adj", "consultative1adj", "consultatory1adj", "consultive1adj" ; :wordnet "advisory", "consultative", "consultatory", "consultive" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Advisory'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Advising'' or ''Advice'' or ''Consulting''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'advisory' in Wordnet: 1. advisory, consultative, consultatory, consultive - (giving advice; 'an advisory memorandum', 'his function was purely consultative') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Advocacy :en "advocating a cause" ; :guid "bd58b794-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "advocacy1n", "protagonism1n" ; :wordnet "advocacy", "protagonism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that has as a Goal bringing about some future situation that affects some person other than the actor, and requires the consent of some person other than the actor and the person(s) affected. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'advocacy' in WordNet: 1. (1) advocacy, protagonism - (active support of an idea or cause etc.; especially the act of pleading or arguing for something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShowingSupportForSomething . :AdvocacyOrganization :en "advocacy organization" ; :guid "bf4fe15d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$AdvocacyOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$AdvocacyOrganization is an #$Organization that lobbies or engages in activities with the purpose of advocating a particular position on social, economic, political, environmental matters. Many instances of #$IdeologicalOrganization are also instances of #$AdvocacyOrganization. Examples of #$AdvocacyOrganization include #$AmericanAssociationOfRetiredPersons, #$SierraClub, #$AmericanMedicalAssociation, and #$StateBarOfTexas. This is an Organization, not a GroupOfPeople. A GroupOfPeople who belong to this type of Organization might constitute an 'ActivityTypeFocusGroup'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Advocacy ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ] . :Advocate :wnsense "advocate2n", "counsel1n", "counselor3n", "trial attorney1n", "trial lawyer1n" ; :wordnet "advocate", "counsel", "counselor", "trial attorney", "trial lawyer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Advocate'' is a trial attorney who represents a party in a court proceeding. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'advocate' and noun sense 1 of 'trial attorney' in WordNet: 2. advocate, counsel, counselor, counsellor, counselor-at-law, pleader - (a lawyer who pleads cases in court) WN noun 'trial attorney': 1. trial attorney, trial lawyer - (a lawyer who specializes in defending clients before a court of law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lawyer . :AdvocateForaCause a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''AdvocateForaCause'' is a ''Proponent'' who performs an ''Advocating'' Action. This can be done one-on-one or by addressing an audience of any size through any medium. The 'cause' can be political, Philosophical, or Religious, or any other belief such as animal welfare or environmental preservation, but this is not for comercial Advertising. This includes more specic types such as ''Missionary'', 'partisan' 'preacher', and some 'zealots' but the only subtype as of rev1495 is ''Missionary'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdvocatingaBelief ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :AdvocatingaBelief :en "advocating a belief", "advocating for a belief" ; :wnsense "proselytise1v", "proselytize1v" ; :wordnet "proselytise", "proselytize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdvocatingaBelief'' is a ''RecommendingEvent'' in which what is recommended is a ''Believing'' in some ''Belief'' or 'BeliefSystem''. The ''BeliefSystem'' is not necesarily a Religion (use ''PreachingaReligion'') ,but the focus is on ''Converting'' an audience (of any size) from one Belief to a different one. NOTE: this Action can be addressed to an audience that has some members already convinced of the belief that is being advocated, but it is always done in the xpectation that some listeners do not already subscribe to the advocated Belief. (if all do it is 'preaching to the choir' or 'preaching to the converted'). RHW 'proselytize': to convert or attempt to convert as a proselyte; recruit. NOTE this is an ''AttemptingActivity''. The WN sense only includes the actual conversion, but this represents the attempt at conversion. Related to part of to verb sense 1 of 'proselytize' in WordNet: 1. proselytize, proselytise - (convert to another faith or religion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :RecommendingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeliefType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChangingaBelief ] . :Aerial :pertainsTo :Air, :EarthsAtmosphere ; :wnsense "aerial1adj" ; :wordnet "aerial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aerial' in Wordnet: 1. aerial - (in or belonging to the air or operating (for or by means of aircraft or elevated cables) in the air; 'aerial particles'; 'small aerial creatures such as butterflies'; 'aerial warfare'; 'aerial photography'; 'aerial cable cars') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atmospheric, :PertainingAttributeValue . :AerialBomb :en "aerial bomb" ; :enn "aerial bomb" ; :wnsense "dumb bomb1n", "gravity bomb1n", "smart bomb1n" ; :wordnet "dumb bomb", "gravity bomb", "smart bomb" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AerialBomb'' is a ''Bomb'' that is dropped from an ''AirTransportationDevice'' to a target on the ground. Includes noun senses 1 of 'gravity bomb' and 1 of 'smart bomb' in WordNet: 1. dumb bomb, gravity bomb - (a bomb that falls because of gravity and is not guided to a target) WN noun 'smart bomb': 1. smart bomb - (a bomb that can be guided (by a laser beam or radio) to its target; 'smart bombs have revolutionized aerial bombardment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bomb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AerialBombardment ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :AerialBombardment :wnsense "bombardment1n", "bombing1n", "dropping bombs1n" ; :wordnet "bombardment", "bombing", "dropping bombs" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bombardment' in WordNet: 4. bombing, bombardment - (an attack by dropping bombs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bombing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirTransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DroppingBombs ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :AeroSpaceRegion :wnsense "aerospace1n" ; :wordnet "aerospace" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aerospace' in WordNet: 1. aerospace - (the atmosphere and outer space considered as a whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphereRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterSpaceRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :AeroSpaceSector :en "aerospace", "aerospace industry", "aerospace sector" ; :enn "aerospace", "aerospace industry", "aerospace sector" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''AeroSpaceSector'' is the ''EconomicSector'' that includes manufacturers of airplanes, rockets, and space vehicles. No WN sense for this: RHW 'aerospace': 2. the industry concerned with the design and manufacture of aircraft, rockets, missiles, spacecraft, etc., that operate in aerospace. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicSector . :Aerobic :isTheOppositeOf :Anaerobic ; :wnsense "aerobic1adj", "aerophilic1adj", "aerophilous1adj" ; :wordnet "aerobic", "aerophilic", "aerophilous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Aerobic'' is a subtype of ''Dependent'' characterizing Organisms or the procesesof Organisms that depend on oxygen (usually that in the Air) for survival, used to produce energy by oxidation of organic materials. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aerobic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) aerobic, aerophilic, aerophilous - (depending on free oxygen or air; 'aerobic fermentation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dependent . :AerobicBacterium :en "aerobic bacteria", "aerobic bacterium" ; :guid "c07c2b29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aerobe1n" ; :wordnet "aerobe" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Bacterium that metabolize oxygen. Corresponds *part* of noun sense 1 of 'aerobe' (for bacteria) in WordNet: 1. aerobe - (an organism (especially a bacterium) that requires air or free oxygen for life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aerobic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AerodynamicResistance :en "aerodynamic resistance" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AerodynamicResistance'' is a ''Force'' that is caused by the forces produced by any Gas against an object that is moving within that gas, the force being directed in the direction opposite to the motion of the body moving. This is relevant to motion of vehicles in the atmosphere, whether on land or in the sky. The resisting force increases as the velocity of the object relative to the gas increases. This increase is a major reason why driving a car or airplane at a higher speed requires greater rate of fuel consumption, to overcome energy loss due to pushing against a greater ''AerodynamicResistance'' force. NOTE: this is causally similar to but contrasts with ''Impetus'', the ''Force'' that causes an Object to move in the direction of a flowing stream of a Fluid. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Force . :AerodynamicVane :en "aerodynamic vane" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AerodynamicVane'' is a ''GenericVane'' attached to the body of a flying ArtifactObject intended to stabilize (and in airplanes to help control) the plane or missile while in flight. It is a flat object, with its plane oriented in the line of flight. In small primitive missiles such as arrows, a part of a bird's feather has been attached to the end to serve as an ''AerodynamicVane''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericVane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Turbine ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shaft ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :Aerosol :CYC "AerosolStuff" ; :guid "c10063e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aerosol1n" ; :wordnet "aerosol" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalSubstance in the gaseous state consisting of some gas with fine suspended particles of liquid (as in a cloud) or solid (as in smoke). Could be considered as a finely dispersed liquid. Cyc: #$AerosolStuff is a collection of all aerosols. Aerosols are suspensions of small particles in a gas. Aerosols can be dispensed from aerosol cans, but can also occur naturally. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aerosol' in WordNet: 1. (15) aerosol - (a cloud of solid or liquid particles in a gas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colloid, :Gas, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :GasType ] . :Aerospace :en "aerospace" ; :enadj "aerospace" ; :pertainsTo :AeroSpaceRegion, :AeroSpaceSector, :EarthsAtmosphereRegion, :OuterSpaceRegion ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ In WN 'aerospace' is a noun representing the Atmosphers an outer space as a Region. See ''AeroSpaceRegion''. 1. aerospace - (the atmosphere and outer space considered as a whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphereRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterSpaceRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :Aesthete :wnsense "aesthete1n", "esthete1n" ; :wordnet "aesthete", "esthete" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Aesthete'' is a ''Connoisseur'' with deep appreciation of beautiful things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aesthete' in WordNet: 1. esthete, aesthete - (one who professes great sensitivity to the beauty of art and nature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connoisseur . :Aesthetical :pertainsTo :Aesthetics, :Beauty, :GoodTaste ; :wnsense "aesthetic2adj", "aesthetical1adj", "esthetic1adj", "esthetical1adj" ; :wordnet "aesthetic", "aesthetical", "esthetic", "esthetical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Aesthetical'' refers to ''GoodTaste'' The sense of 'aesthetic'' meaning pleasing or beautiful is represented by ''EstheticallyPleasing''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'aesthetic' in WordNet: 2. (2) aesthetic, esthetic, aesthetical, esthetical - (concerning or characterized by an appreciation of beauty or good taste; 'the aesthetic faculties'; 'an aesthetic person'; 'aesthetic feeling'; 'the illustrations made the book an aesthetic success') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Aesthetics :wnsense "aesthetics1n", "esthetics1n" ; :wordnet "aesthetics", "esthetics" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''FieldOfStudy'' whose topics deal with understanding and appreciation of beauty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aesthetics' in WordNet: 1. aesthetics, esthetics - ((art) the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art); 'traditional aesthetics assumed the existence of universal and timeless criteria of artistic value') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Philosophy . :Affair :ldoce "concern" ; :wnsense "concern1n" ; :wordnet "concern" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Affair' is a type of 'Interest' that has more than just an arbitrary curiosity, but some component of responsibility, though not necessarily formal or legal responsibility. This is the sense that is meant when one says 'that is not my affair' or that is not my concern'. This means that an individual who has such a 'concern' or 'affair' could take some action to influence a FutureSituation. In addition to causing one to pay attention, it should elicit some sense of obligation to act when necessary. This includes noun senses 4 and 5 of 'concern' from RHW: 4. something that relates or pertains to a person; business; affair: Law is the concern of lawyers. 5. a matter that engages a person's attention, interest, or care, or that affects a person's welfare or happiness: The party was no concern of his. This also includes noun sense 1 of 'concern' in WordNet: 1. (248) concern - (something that interests you because it is important or affects you; 'the safety of the ship is the captain's concern') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ] . :Affected :isAnAttributeValueOf :Behavior, :Person, :Speech ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unselfconscious ; :wnsense "affected2adj", "unnatural2adj" ; :wordnet "affected", "unnatural" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'affected' in Wordnet: 2. (1) affected, unnatural - (speaking or behaving in an artificial way to make an impression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AffectedPerson :en "person affected by an action" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AffectedPerson'' is a Person who is affected by an Action. In many cases this would be a superfluous Role, but when two or more Persons participate in an Action and one is specified as being affected (e.g. by 'hadAffectedPerson\"), this can be used to differentiate the actor from the one acted on. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :wasAffectedByEvent ] . :AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce :guid "bd5900ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "force" ; :wnsense "force3v", "force8v" ; :wordnet "force" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this Event of 'ForceTransmissionEvent' will coincide with some Object moving because of the force applied. For the force itself, see 'ForceVector'. This subsence of 'ApplyingaForce' can be due to a 'pushing' or 'pulling' application of force. Cyc: The collection of events in which some kind of force acts on an object so as to affect its movement in some way. The force might cause the object to move, prevent it from moving, or influence the manner in which it moves. Corresponds approximately to verb senses 3 and 8 of 'force' in WordNet: 3. (13) push, force - (move with force, 'He pushed the table into a corner') 8. (1) pull, draw, force - (cause to move by pulling; 'draw a wagon'; 'pull a sled') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ForceTransmissionEvent . :AffectingSomething :ldoce "influence" ; :wnsense "affect1v", "affect2v", "influence1v", "influence2v" ; :wordnet "affect", "influence" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, an Object a Situation - affects something else, or causes an Event. This is very broad and inclusive, but requires that something have a causative role in some other Event. NOTE that 'CausingSomething' is a SUBTYPE of 'AffectingSomething' - the llnguistic use of 'cause' requires a stronger relation than just 'affect'; to 'cause' is to be one of a small number of unquestioned direct causes, not merely to have some influence. see also the relations 'ableToAffect', 'hadThingAffected', 'causes' and 'caused'. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'affect' in WordNet, and includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'influence: in WordNet: 1. (51) affect, impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch - (have an effect upon; 'Will the new rules affect me?') 2. (11) affect - (act physically on; have an effect upon) WN verb 'influence: 1. (20) influence, act upon, work - (have and exert influence or effect; 'The artist's work influenced the young painter'; 'She worked on her friends to support the political candidate') 2. (9) determine, shape, mold, influence, regulate - (shape or influence; give direction to; 'experience often determines ability'; 'mold public opinion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :Affection :guid "bd58b5c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "like" ; :wnsense "affection1n", "fondness2n", "like3v", "tenderness3n", "tenderness4n", "tenderness5n" ; :wordnet "affection", "fondness", "like", "tenderness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Liking' in which the object of 'liking' is another person; a feeling of tenderness, from any cause. Differs from 'Sympathy' in not requiring that the object of the Tenderness be experiencing any distress. CYC: 'fondness': An instance of #$FeelingType, usually applied to humans. Each instance of Fondness is a feeling of some agent toward another agent that is more intense than a simple liking. Cyc: A feeling of fondness for someone or something. Sympathy, liking, warmth, tenderness. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Affection are #$Love, #$Passion, etc. Includes noun senses 3, 4, and 5 of 'tenderness' and sense 1 of 'affection' and sense 2 of 'fondness' in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'affection' and verb sense 3 of 'like' in WordNet: 2. affection, affectionateness, fondness, tenderness, heart, warmness, warmheartedness, philia - (a positive feeling of liking; 'he had trouble expressing the affection he felt'; 'the child won everyone's heart'; 'the warmness of his welcome made us feel right at home') WN 'like': 3. (19) like - (be fond of; 'I like my nephews') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Liking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fond ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Affectionately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Dear ; :wnsense "affectionately1adv", "dear1adv", "dearly3adv" ; :wordnet "affectionately", "dear", "dearly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'affectionately' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dearly, affectionately, dear - (with affection; \"she loved him dearly\"; \"he treats her affectionately\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :AffectiveDisorder :wnsense "affective disorder1n", "emotional disorder1n", "emotional disturbance1n", "major affective disorder1n" ; :wordnet "affective disorder", "emotional disorder", "emotional disturbance", "major affective disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'affective disorder' in WordNet: 1. affective disorder, major affective disorder, emotional disorder, emotional disturbance - (any mental disorder not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain and in which a major disturbance of emotions is predominant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychologicalAilment . :Affidavit :wnsense "affidavit1n" ; :wordnet "affidavit" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'affidavit' in WordNet: 1. (1) affidavit - (written declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalDocument, :RecordedTestimony, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Oath ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sworn ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Affiliate :wnsense "affiliate1n" ; :wordnet "affiliate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Affiliate'' is a Person who is affiliated with some Organization. This can be a ''Member'' for organizations that have affiliates called 'member' but for organizations whose affiliates are not called 'members' (e.g. commercial corporations) this term can be used as the broadest category for people associated with those organizations including but not solely employees. A Consultant who has a continuing (more than once) relation with an Organization could be an ''Affiliate''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'affiliate' in WordNet: 1. affiliate - (a subordinate or subsidiary associate; a person who is affiliated with another or with an organization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffiliatedAgent, :Associate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :Affiliated :isAnAttributeValueOf :IntelligentAgent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BecomingAffiliated ; :wnsense "affiliated1adj", "attached2adj", "connected1adj" ; :wordnet "affiliated", "attached", "connected" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Affiliated'' is the attribute of an ''IntelligentAgent'' that experienced (was the 'patient' of) a ''BecomingAffiliated'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'affiliated' in Wordnet: 1. (1) affiliated, attached, connected - (being joined in close association; 'affiliated clubs'; 'all art schools whether independent or attached to universities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Related . :AffiliatedAgent :wnsense "affiliate1n", "affiliate2n" ; :wordnet "affiliate" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AffiliatedAgent'' an ''IntelligentAgent'' who is formally ''Affiliated'' with some other ''IntelligentAgent''. For a Person ''Affiliated'' with an Organization, use subtype ''Affiliate'' Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'affiliate' in WordNet: 1. affiliate - (a subordinate or subsidiary associate; a person who is affiliated with another or with an organization) 2. affiliate - (a subsidiary or subordinate organization that is affiliated with another organization; 'network affiliates') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent . :Affiliation :wnsense "affiliation1n", "association4n", "tie-up1n", "tie2n" ; :wordnet "affiliation", "association", "tie", "tie-up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Affiliation'' is a ''HumanRelationship'' that is more formal than just acquaintance or association, and is typically between a Person and some GoupOfPeople or Organization, though this includes relations between Organizations and other Organizations. This represents the ''PersistentState'' that is an Action performed by an ''IntelligentAgent'' (Person, GroupOfPeople,or Organization) that is ''Affiliated'' in some formal way with another ''IntelligentAgent''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'affiliation' in WordNet: 1. (2) affiliation, association, tie, tie-up - (a social or business relationship; 'a valuable financial affiliation'; 'he was sorry he had to sever his ties with other members of the team'; 'many close associations with England') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRelationship . :Affinity :wnsense "affinity5n", "kinship2n" ; :wordnet "affinity", "kinship" ; a :EventType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Affinity'' is 'BeingRelated' by people who have some shared attributes or backgrounds or interests. This is a feeling of closeness between two people, not one Person and some inanimate object or activity. The Feeling often is, but does not have to be, mutual. This is categorized here as a ''Feeling'' though it is not thus described in the WN or RHW. Corresponds to noun sense 5 and part of sense 7 of 'affinity' in WordNet: 5. affinity, kinship - (a close connection marked by community of interests or similarity in nature or character; 'found a natural affinity with the immigrants'; 'felt a deep kinship with the other students'; 'anthropology's kinship with the humanities') 7. affinity - (a natural attraction or feeling of kinship; 'an affinity for politics'; 'the mysterious affinity between them'; 'James's affinity with Sam') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingRelated, :Feeling . :Affirming :wnsense "affirm2v", "affirm3v", "affirmation2n" ; :wordnet "affirm", "affirmation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Affirming'' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s)replies to a prior assertion by another agent by asserting that the prior assertion is true. This differs from ''Agreeing'' in that ''Agreeing'' is intended to assert an opinion, whereas ''Affirming'' asserts a purported fact. NOTE that ''AdmittingaFact'' is not necessarily an ''Affirming'' because an ''AdmittingaFact'' does not require that it be a response to a prior assertion: the person admitting may be the one first reporting the fact (as in 'I made a mistake in my calculations, and have to retract my conclusion') this is a 'positive Includes but is broader than (not necessarily done in a formal setting) verb sense 2 of 'affirm' in Wordnet: 2. (3) affirm, verify, assert, avow, aver, swan, swear - (to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; 'Before God I swear I am innocent') WN noun 'affirmation' 2. affirmation, assertion, statement - (the act of affirming or asserting or stating something) WN verb 'affirm': 3. (2) affirm - (say yes to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answering, :AssertingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :RequestingOrProposing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Positive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Affixing :wnsense "affix1v", "stick on2v" ; :wordnet "affix", "stick on" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Affixing'' is a form of ''Bonding'' in which an Agent attaches an Object to the *surface* of another much larger Object by using some adhesive material to cause the two to adhere to each other. The adhesive can be pre-applied to one of the objects (as the 'gum' on a gummed label or a postage stamp), or can be placed in liquid or gel form onto one of the objects before pressing them together. 'affixing' a plaque to a wall would only be on instance if it were attached with a bonding material; putting a poster on a wall would be an instance if it were glued, but not if it were stapled. For the case where the thing affixed had pre-applied ahdesive material, use the subtype ''ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface''. The action of ''ApplyingSomethingToSurface'' is a parent, and is used for liquid or semiliquid substances, which are not usually 'Bonding' materials (e.g. paint or ink). So inking or painting a surface is somewhat similar,but on a different branch of ''ApplyingSomethingToSurface''. This is the action that happens when a person places a gummed label on an Object or a postage stamp to an envelope. The use of magnets,whether built-in to one object or placed on top of one of the objects to hold it to the other, is *not* included in this type. 'tagging' by tying with a string or other line is represented by ''Tagging''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'affix' in WordNet: 1. (7) affix, stick on - (attach to; 'affix the seal here') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingSomethingToSurface, :Attaching, :Bonding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :Afflicted :isAnAttributeOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :AilmentCondition ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AfflictingWithAnAilment ; :wnsense "afflicted1adj", "stricken1adj" ; :wordnet "afflicted", "stricken" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Afflicted'' is an attribute that characterizes an Animal having some ''AilmentCondition''. 'afflicted with pneumonia'; 'stricken with polio' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'afflicted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) afflicted, stricken - (grievously affected especially by disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :AfflictingWithAnAilment :wnsense "afflict3v", "ail2v", "trouble5v" ; :wordnet "afflict", "ail", "trouble" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AfflictingWithAnAilment'' is a vague Action termed 'afflict' of something that causes an ''AilmentCondition'' in some Animal, usually a Person. The thing that does this is very vague, perhaps just 'fate' or the ''AilmentCondition'' itself, but is treated grammatically as an 'agent'. This forms the root for the more commonly used terms 'afflicted' and 'affliction'. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'afflict' in WordNet: 3. afflict, trouble, ail, pain - (cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AilmentCondition ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :Affordable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Buying ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Buying ; :wnsense "affordable1adj", "low-cost1adj", "low-priced1adj" ; :wordnet "affordable", "low-cost", "low-priced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Affordable' characterizes a price that is not 'expensive' relative to the financial resources of the Person wanting to purchase the product. For some people, nothing is 'affordable.but this is intended to be used relative to a typical Person who is employed or retred. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'affordable' in Wordnet: 1. low-cost, low-priced, affordable - (that you have the financial means for; 'low-cost housing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativePriceValue . :AffordingaPurchase :wnsense "afford3v" ; :wordnet "afford" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AffordingaPurchase'' is the state of a ''Person'' who has sufficient ''Money'' (a large enough ''MoneyObject'') to buy some desired or needed thing. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'afford' in WordNet: 3. afford - (have the financial means to do something or buy something; 'We can't afford to send our children to college'; 'Can you afford this car?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buying ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :FinancialMeans ] . :Afghan :wnsense "afghan1n" ; :wordnet "afghan" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BedCover'' knitted or crocheted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'afghan' in WordNet: 1. (1) afghan - (a blanket knitted or crocheted in strips or squares; sometimes used as a shawl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BedCover . :AfghanHound :guid "c040ec03-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Afghan hound1n", "Afghan5n" ; :wordnet "Afghan", "Afghan hound" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of large dogs with long-haired coats. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'afghan hound' in WordNet: 1. Afghan hound, Afghan - (tall graceful breed of hound with a long silky coat; native to the Near East) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hound . :Afghanistan :wnsense "Afghanistan1n" ; :wordnet "Afghanistan" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """The Asian country. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Afghanistan' (capitalized) in WordNet: 1. Afghanistan, Islamic State of Afghanistan - (a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia; bordered by Iran to the west and Russia to the north and Pakistan to the east and south; 'Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan in 1979') """ . :Aforementioned :isAnAttributeValueOf :Topic ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Mentioning ; :wnsense "aforementioned1adj", "aforesaid1adj", "said1adj" ; :wordnet "aforementioned", "aforesaid", "said" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aforementioned' in Wordnet: 1. aforesaid, aforementioned, said - (being the one previously mentioned or spoken of; 'works of all the aforementioned authors'; 'said party has denied the charges') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Afraid :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Fear ; :ldoce "afraid" ; :wnsense "afraid1adj", "fearful5adj" ; :wordnet "afraid", "fearful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Fear''. For the case of being afraid because of a ''FrighteningEvent'' use ''Frightened''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'afraid' and sense 5 of 'fearful' in WordNet: 1. (29) afraid - (filled with fear or apprehension; 'afraid even to turn his head'; 'suddenly looked afraid'; 'afraid for his life'; 'afraid of snakes'; 'afraid to ask questions') 5. fearful - (experiencing or showing fear; 'a fearful glance'; 'fearful of criticism') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :Africa :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AfricaRegion ; :wnsense "Africa1n" ; :wordnet "Africa" ; a :Continent ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Africa' in Wordnet: 1. (10) Africa - (the second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean) """ . :AfricaRegion a :ContinentRegion . :African :pertainsTo :Africa ; :wnsense "African1adj" ; :wordnet "African" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''African'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Africa''. This is usually written with a capital 'A'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'African' in WordNet: 1. (5) African - (of or relating to the nations of Africa or their peoples; 'African languages') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :African-American :pertainsTo :African-AmericanPerson ; :wnsense "African-American1adj", "Afro-American1adj" ; :wordnet "African-American", "Afro-American" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'African-American' is the attribute of something - a Person, Action or Object or practise, that is associated with or performed by, belongs to, or otherwise pertains to ''African-AmericanPerson''s as a group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'African-American' in WordNet: 1. African-American, Afro-American - (pertaining to or characteristic of Americans of African ancestry; 'Afro-American culture'; 'many black people preferred to be called African-American or Afro-American') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :African-AmericanPerson :wnsense "African American1n", "African-American1n" ; :wordnet "African American", "African-American" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'African-AmericanPerson' is a ''Person'' of 'Negro'' ancestry that is a ''UnitedStatesPerson''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'African-American' in WordNet: 1. African-American, African American, Afro-American, Black American - (an American whose ancestors were born in Africa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Negro, :UnitedStatesPerson . :Afrikaans :wasCreatedBy :AfrikaansSpeakers ; :wnsense "Afrikaans1n" ; :wordnet "Afrikaans" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Afrikaans' in WordNet: 1. Afrikaans, Taal, South African Dutch - (an official language of the Republic of South Africa; closely related to Dutch and Flemish) """ . :AfrikaansSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :After-School :en "after-school" ; :enadj "after-school" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :AfterSchoolTime ; :pertainsTo :AfterSchoolTime ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''After-School'' is an attribute pertaining to and characterizing the daily ''AfterSchoolTime'' TimeInterval that occurs after each ''SchoolDay'' and before midnight. 'after-school activities' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . a :FutureTimeInterval . :AfterDTEG10171122 :occurredLaterThan :DTEG10171122 ; a :FutureTimeInterval . :occurredLaterThan ; a :FutureTimeInterval . :AfterSchoolTime :en "after school", "after school time" ; :enn "after school", "after school time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AfterSchoolTime'' is the period of time each Day that follows the ''SchoolDay'' and lasts until students go home - from 3 PM to as late as midnight. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :daily ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SchoolDay ; owl:onProperty :alwaysFollows ] . :Afterlife :wnsense "afterlife1n", "hereafter1n" ; :wordnet "afterlife", "hereafter" ; a :AttributeValueType, :DifferenceType, :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Afterlife'' is a hypothetical or religious or mythical concept in which the soul continues to live until the ''EndOfTime''or the body is resurrected or the soul is reincarnated after the original body has died in some manner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'afterlife' in WordNet: 1. afterlife, hereafter - (life after death) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeSpan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TimeOfDeath ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EndOfTime ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :Aftermath :wnsense "aftermath1n", "aftermath2n", "backwash2n", "consequence2n", "wake1n" ; :wordnet "aftermath", "backwash", "consequence", "wake" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Aftermath'' is related to an ''Outcome'' in that it is caused, directly or indirectly, by some prior Event. It differs, however, in that there is some interval of time, possibly brief,that elapses between the ending of the causative Event and the onset of the ''Aftermath''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'aftermath' in WordNet: 1. aftermath, wake, backwash - (the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event); 'the aftermath of war'; 'in the wake of the accident no one knew how many had been injured') 2. consequence, aftermath - (the outcome of an event especially as relative to an individual; 'that result is of no consequence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effect, :Result, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ] . :Afternoon :en "PM" ; :ldoce "afternoon" ; :wnsense "afternoon1n", "postmeridian1adj" ; :wordnet "afternoon", "postmeridian" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any TimeInterval that begins at noon and ends at Sunset. In COSMO this TimeInterval includes the Noon time point, but does not include the Sunset time point - even though it is named 'after' noon. This convention allows Noon to be part of the 'PM' half of the 12-hour clock formalism; '12 PM' is Noon.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of afternoon'' in WordNet: 1. (51) afternoon - (the part of the day between noon and evening; 'he spent a quiet afternoon in the park') WN adj'postmeridian': 1. postmeridian - (after noon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DayTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorningAndEvening ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :AfternoonAndNightTime :hasFirstElement :Afternoon ; :hasSecondElement :NightTime ; a :Group, :OrderedPair . :Again :ldoce "again" ; :wnsense "again1adv", "once again1adv", "once more1adv", "over again1adv" ; :wordnet "again", "once again", "once more", "over again" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunction, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'twice' in WordNet: 1. (249) again, once again, once more, over again - (anew; 'she tried again'; 'they rehearsed the scene again') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :AgainstSomeRule :violatesRule :Rule ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AgainstSomeRule' is an attribute of an Action that violates some rule, including rules of a game as well as official governmental laws. For 'illegal' meaning against an official law, use 'Illegal' See also 'ViolatesRule'. The 'has' restriction requires specifying the 'Rule' that the Action violates. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Agate :guid "bdfff955-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "agate1n" ; :wordnet "agate" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A non-transparent variety of ''Quartz''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agate' in WordNet: 1. (1) agate - (an impure form of quartz consisting of banded chalcedony; used as a gemstone and for making mortars and pestles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chalcedony . :Agave :wnsense "American aloe1n", "agave1n", "century plant1n" ; :wordnet "American aloe", "agave", "century plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agave' in WordNet: 1. agave, century plant, American aloe - (tropical American plants with basal rosettes of fibrous sword-shaped leaves and flowers in tall spikes; some cultivated for ornament or for fiber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesertPlant . :Age :ldoce "age" ; :takesValue :AgeAtDate, :AgeValue ; :wnsense "age1n" ; :wordnet "age" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Age is an Attribute that specifies the magnitude of the time interval between 'now' and when an entity first started to exist. IT can be applied to Objects and People. For things that take some perceptible time to develop, such as buildings under construction, vehicles on an assembly line, art works while being created, or animals in embryonic or fetal development, the 'Age' is the time starting **after** the construction or development phase, as buildings when first deemed sufficiently complete for use, or animals when they are born or hatched. The 'Age' of a person corresponds with the traditional counting for birthdays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'age' in WordNet: 1. (369) age - (how long something has existed; 'it was replaced because of its age') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :Age74years :hasAttributeType :Age ; :hasFirstElement :Date20160413 ; :hasQuantifier :N_74 ; :hasSecondElement :Date19420317 ; :hasUnit :years ; a :AgeValue, :Attribute . :AgeAtDate a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AgeAtDate' is used to represent an Age as an alternate to 'AgeValue', which requires a 'BirthTime' and a 'Now' value. 'AgeAtDate' is in some respects simpler, corresponding to the common way of expressing age : X is 20 years old (now). To represnt an 'AgeAtDate' one uses the asserted age in time units, and the date-time at which that value is true. The first valjue of the OrderedPair is the age value in time units, and the second valkue is the date at which the firt valueof age is true. Either value can be expressed to any degree of precision. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeDuration ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :atTime ; owl:someValuesFrom :DateTimeExtendedGroup ] . :AgeCohort :wnsense "age bracket1n", "age group1n", "cohort3n" ; :wordnet "age bracket", "age group", "cohort" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cohort' in WordNet: 3. age group, age bracket, cohort - (a group people having approximately the same age) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :AgeCulture :en "age-specific culture" ; :enn "age-specific culture" ; :guid "bff282d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HumanCulture, each instance of which is a culture whose focal participants are of a particular age group, and which has developed around the experiences of that group. Examples include teenage culture, adult culture, and middle-age culture. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Culture . :AgeInYears a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AgeInYears'' is a simplified neans of expressing a ''AgeValue''. Instances need only specify a Float number to allow proper description. Since this does not reference a birth date, the age can be applied to types (classes) for which an age is context dependent, rather than to individuals at a particular time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Age ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeDuration-Years ] . :AgeValue a :AttributeValueType, :DifferenceType, :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Age is the quantitative measure of an Age, a subtype of 'TimeDuration'. Its units will be units of TimeDuration. It is a Difference between the reference time (usually 'now') and the time at which something was born or created. In addition to having a value of an instance of 'TimeDuration', each 'AgeValue' must reference the time of the assertion of age, in order to be comprehensible. That is accomplished by making this AttributeValue a subtype of 'Difference', which is a subtype of 'OrderedPair' the elements of the OrderedPair will be the time of assertion, an instance of 'Now', and the BirthTime for the entity. The AgeValue should correspond to the difference in time values of the two element, and that will serve as an internal check on the numbers. An alternate and perhaps more perspicuous way of representing age, not requiring the calculation of a difference, is to use 'AgeAtDate' (which see). In COSMO, units such as 'yearsOld', 'monthsOld' and 'daysOld' can be used as the units for Age. As a 'Difference', each 'AgeValue' is an OrderedPair, the first value being an instance of 'Now' (the time of the assertion) and the second value being the time the entity started to exist. The specification of the values of these elements are not required, though the time of the assertion should be specified, or if not within this attribute's elements, then derivable from some associated assertion or from context. The two elements of this value (a 'difference') represent (1) the time 'now' when the age value is asserted, represented as the first element; and (2) the time of completion of the creation of the entity ('BirthTime'), represented as the second element. The age is the quantitative difference between these two times, each of which is a point on the real time line (in some ''PossibleWorld''), being an instance of 'DateTime'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference, :NumericalDifference, :TimeDuration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Now ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BirthTime ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :AgendaItem :wnsense "agenda item1n" ; :wordnet "agenda item" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AgendaItem'' is any one of the topics that are expected to be discussed at a ''FormalMeeting''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agenda item' in WordNet: 1. agenda item - (one of the items to be considered) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Issue, :Item, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MeetingAgenda ] . :Agent :wnsense "agent3n" ; :wordnet "agent" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Agent'' is a 'Representative' who acts on behalf of and for the benefit of some other ''IntelligentAgent'' which can be an individual or an Organization or (as in the case of a ''Spy'') a government. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'agent' in WordNet: 3. (6) agent - (a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Representative . :Agent-NonArtifact a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ COSMO note: 'Agent-NonArtifact' is classified as a subtype of GenericLocation because thoughts are located in the mind of 'IntentionalAgent's, and therefore even SupernaturalBeings need to be a 'location' to be the place where their thoughts are located; this obscure requirement does not affect ordinary reasoning. Other labels: Agent[Cyc] agentive-physical-object[DOLCE] OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: The collection of #$Agent-Generics (q.v.) that are not tangible artifacts (cf. #$AgentiveArtifact). #$Agent includes all naturally-occurring agents (e.g. #$Persons and #$Animals), any #$SupernaturalBeings (q.v.), and #$Organizations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :IntentionalAgent . :AgentAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute meaningful only as applied to 'IntentionalAgent's, including animals, people, automatons, and groups and organizations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :AgentCapability :ldoce "ability", "power" ; :wnsense "ability1n", "ability2n", "capability1n", "capableness2n", "power3n" ; :wordnet "ability", "capability", "capableness", "power" ; a :CapabilityType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Capability to act as an Agent in some Action. NOTE that an AgentCapability is a subtype of 'Resource', because the term 'resource' is sometimes used to refer to a person's abilities. 'She has resources she has not yet shown.' This conforms to sense 6 of 'resource' in Random House Webster: '6. capability in dealing with a situation or in meeting difficulties: a woman of resource.' Corresponds to sense 1 of 'ability' and sense 1 of 'capability' in WordNet: WN 'ability' 1. (20) ability - (the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment) WN 'capability' 1. (8) capability, capableness - (the quality of being capable - physically or intellectually or legally; 'he worked to the limits of his capability') WN noun 'power': 3. (77) ability, power - (possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done; 'danger heightened his powers of discrimination') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capability, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :AgentGroup :en "agent group", "group of agents" ; :enn "agent group", "group of agents" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting exclusively of Agents, which may be individuals (people), or Organizations, or GroupsOfPeople. The most common AgentGroups will be groups of people, but there are also groups of Organizations (The United Nations, a Chamber of Commerce) and groups that are of mixed types (a company's customers may be individuals and organizations). As a Group, it may not have to act in any coordinated manner, so it is not necessarily itself an ''IntentionalAgent'' although its component elements are. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :AgentInRole :FIBO "agent in role" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AgentInRole' is an IntelligentAgent (human,corporation, Group of people) that is playing a Role in some situation. This is intended to align with the FIBO 'agent in role' that aligns with SKOS 'agent in role', defined as 'An agent-in-role is a relative concept that ties an autonomous agent to a role they are playing in a given situational context.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentRole, :IntelligentAgent, :TemporalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :hasRoleFiller ] . :AgentRole a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :Role . :AgentRoleType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AgentRoleType'' is a metaclass that is a subclass of both 'AgentType' and 'RoleType'. It is used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of HumanRole as their argument. @mod55 """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentType, :RoleType . :AgentType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Agent as one of their arguments. All Organisms, plant, animal, microorganism, are of AgentType.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :AgentiveArtifact a :AgentType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: #$AgentiveArtifact - an ArtifactObject (e.g. a computer or robot) that can behave like an agent. #$AgentiveArtifact is the collection of all artifacts (created by instances of #$Agent) that commonly possess (at least) the apparent ability to make decisions and commence actions more or less independently of those agents. The distinction here is conventional; a certain functional sophistication possessed by instances of #$Artifact that are 'not really living agents' seems to mirror that possessed by 'living agents'. This sense of agency derives from ability or function the artifact possesses, namely the ability to commence actions, independently of agents, based on some internal calculation or deliberation. Subcollections include #$SoftwareAgent and #$Enclave-Computer.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveObject . :AgentiveIntelligentObject a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Similar to DOLCE: agentive-physical-object Intelligence in the sense used here requires the ability to understand language and communicate in a language at least close to the complexity of human language. This category includes only physical objects. At present, the level of intelligence required to belong to this category and be a physical object is possessed only by people. In the future, robots may qualify. Note that an 'Organization' is also intelligent in the sense used here, but is not a PhysicalObject, therefore does not fall into this category. DOLCE: Within Physical objects, a special place have those to which we ascribe generic intentionality (compatibly to Brentano's distinction, the ability to internally represent a description). These are called Agentive, as opposite to Non-agentive. In general, we assume that agentive objects are constituted by non-agentive objects: an organism is constituted by bodily organs, a robot is constituted by some machinery, and so on. Among non-agentive physical objects we have for example houses, bodily organs, pieces of wood, etc. Generic agentivity is defined here in a wide sense as implying representation or conception (to be characterized in a dedicated - but not developed as yet - ontology of mind). A representation or conception only requires intentionality in Brentano's terms (i.e., the ability to represent something to oneself). See also 'rational physical object'."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveObject, :IntelligentAgent . :AgentiveObject a :AgentType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AgentiveObject is a PhysicalObject that can cause changes to other objects. This class contains subclasses that have the capacity to act as agents, i.e. to cause changes in the real world; but this general class of agents do not have to have intentions or form plans.. People are the Agents that are typically of greatest interest. But Tornadoes, hurricanes, tsunamis, volcanoes, etc. can behave as agents in that they cause external events due to their internal processes. All of these agentive objects are included in this category, but Organizations, which are classified as MentalObjects in this ontology, are in a separate agentive category.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :PhysicalObject . :AgentiveSubstance :wnsense "agent2n" ; :wordnet "agent" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AgentiveSubstance' is a 'PhysicalSubstance' in the Role of some agent that can cause some effect. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'agent' in WordNet: 2. (6) agent - (a substance that exerts some force or effect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cause, :PhysicalSubstance, :Role . :Agglomeration :wnsense "agglomeration1n" ; :wordnet "agglomeration" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Agglomeration''' is an ''Accumulation'' that is unorganized internally, potentially produced by a natural process (silting, volcanic ash, ''Drifting'') or by an intentional but not systematic ''Collecting'' (as in a garbage heap). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agglomeration' in WordNet: 1. (2) agglomeration - (a jumbled collection or mass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accumulation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gathering ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Aggression :wnsense "aggression3n", "hostility4n" ; :wordnet "aggression", "hostility" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Aggression'' is a ''ViolentAction'' in which one agent physically attacks another agent, trying to cause harm or to take something away from that other agent by force. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'aggression' in WordNet: 3. (1) aggression, hostility - (violent action that is hostile and usually unprovoked) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AggressiveAction, :PhysicalDestructionEvent, :ViolentAction . :Aggressive :disposesToAction :Fight-Physical ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :AggressiveAction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Aggressiveness ; :wnsense "aggressive3adj", "belligerent1adj" ; :wordnet "aggressive", "belligerent" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a Person or Organization that tends to engage in unprovoked attacks on others, physical, economic, or psychological. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'aggressive' in WordNet: 3. aggressive, belligerent - (characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight; 'aggressive acts against another country'; 'a belligerent tone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute . :AggressiveAction :wnsense "aggression5n" ; :wordnet "aggression" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AggressiveAction'' is an ''Action'' by a Person that is unpleasant to a Person affected and is known or expected by the Actor to be unpleasant. For aggression including violence use subtype ''Aggression''. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'aggression' in WordNet: 5. aggression - (deliberately unfriendly behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HostileSocialAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aggressive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Aggressively :disposesToAction :Fight-Physical ; :wnsense "aggressive1adv", "sharply1adv" ; :wordnet "aggressively", "sharply" ; a :AdverbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'aggressively' in Wordnet: 1. aggressively, sharply - (in an aggressive manner; 'she was being sharply questioned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Aggressiveness :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Aggressive ; :wnsense "aggressiveness3n", "belligerence2n", "pugnacity1n" ; :wordnet "aggressiveness", "belligerence", "pugnacity" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Trait of a person or organization that engages in unprovoked attacks on others, both verbal and physical and military and economic. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'agressiveness' in WordNet: 3. aggressiveness, belligerence, pugnacity - (a natural disposition to be hostile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aggressive ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Agile :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Agility ; :isTheOppositeOf :Clumsy ; :wnsense "agile1adj", "nimble1adj", "quick3adj", "spry1adj" ; :wordnet "agile", "nimble", "quick", "spry" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Agile'' is an attribute of an Animal (including people) that moves quickly and graceuflly,i.e. has the trait of ''Agility''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'agile' in Wordnet: 1. (1) agile, nimble, quick, spry - (moving quickly and lightly; 'sleek and agile as a gymnast'; 'as nimble as a deer'; 'nimble fingers'; 'quick of foot'; 'the old dog was so spry it was halfway up the stairs before we could stop it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue, :Graceful . :Agility :guid "bd58d302-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Agile ; :wnsense "agility1n", "legerity1n", "lightness3n", "lightsomeness2n", "nimbleness2n" ; :wordnet "agility", "legerity", "lightness", "lightsomeness", "nimbleness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Agility'' is a subtype of ''Gracefulness'' specifying that the animal moves gracefully and quickly, and can change position rapidly to respond to new stimuli. CYC: #$Agility is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType for describing actions in which the performer's whole body moves precisely and in a well-coordinated fashion. \"isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait\" Gracefulness \"isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agility' in WordNet: 1. agility, legerity, lightness, lightsomeness, nimbleness - (the gracefulness of a person or animal that is quick and nimble) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gracefulness . :Agitated :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Agitation ; :wnsense "agitated1adj" ; :wordnet "agitated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Agitated'' is not a deep emotional disturbance, but is caused by an Event or Situation or Series of Events that makes one excited or agitated. Corresponds approximately to a small part of adjective sense 1 of 'agitated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) agitated - (troubled emotionally and usually deeply; 'agitated parents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aroused . :AgitatingAnObject :wnsense "agitate6v", "commove2v", "disturb2v", "shake up5v", "stir up3v" ; :wordnet "agitate", "commove", "disturb", "shake up", "stir up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AgitatingAnObject is a 'ShakingSomething' is an Action in which an Agent uses some solid Device which could be as simple as a rod - to mix the components of a semisolid Object that is not rigid, so as to cause the components to becaome more homogeneous or to change its constituency - usually to become more fluid but in the subtype ''WhippingFood'', to aerate a semisolid stuff.. The WN synonyms seem to include metaphorical senses but this is strictly for causing a physical mixing by stirring or whipping or blending action. The closest WN synset is verb sense 6 of 'agitate' in WordNet: 6. agitate, vex, disturb, commove, shake up, stir up, raise up - (change the arrangement or position of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShakingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mixing ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Agitation :wnsense "agitation1n" ; :wordnet "agitation" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agitation' in WordNet: 1. (1) agitation - (a mental state of extreme emotional disturbance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionalState . :Agnostic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :pertainsTo :ReligiousAgnostic ; :wnsense "agnostic1adj" ; :wordnet "agnostic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Agnostic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to an ''Agnostic'' or to 'agnosticism' (not yet represented). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'agnostic' in Wordnet: 1. agnostic - (of or pertaining to an agnostic or agnosticism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Agnosticism :hasBeliever :Agnostics ; :hasTopic :GodMayOrMayNotExist ; :wnsense "agnosticism1n" ; :wordnet "agnosticism" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agnosticism' in WordNet: 1. agnosticism - (a religious orientation of doubt; a denial of ultimate knowledge of the existence of God; 'agnosticism holds that you can neither prove nor disprove God's existence') """ . :Agnostics :en "agnostics" ; :hasMassInGrams "20000"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "agnostic2n" ; :wordnet "agnostic" ; a :BeliefGroup ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to the plural of noun sense 2 of 'agnostic' in WordNet - 2. agnostic - (a person who claims that they cannot have true knowledge about the existence of God (but does not deny that God might exist)) """ . :Ago a :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """This function can be used with an argument of TimeMeasure to return a TimeInterval that is anchored at the high end by 'Now'. See 'TimeAgo' and 'wasPriorToNowByInterval'.""" . :Agony :wnsense "agony1n", "torment3n" ; :wordnet "agony", "torment" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Agony'' is an intense ''StateOfSuffering'' that may be caused by physical or psychological pain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agony' in WordNet: 1. (5) agony, torment, torture - (intense feelings of suffering; acute mental or physical pain; 'an agony of doubt'; 'the torments of the damned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StateOfSuffering . :Agra :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :AgraArea ; :hasAuthorityOver :AgraInhabitants ; :isLocatedAt :India ; a :City . :AgraArea :isSmallerThan :IndiaArea ; a :CityRegion . :AgraInhabitants :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople ; rdfs:comment "Anyone in Agra at a particular time." . :Agreeable :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Agreeing ; :wnsense "agreeable3adj" ; :wordnet "agreeable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Agreeable'' is the attribute of a Person who is disposed to agree to something proposed. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'agreeable' in Wordnet: 3. agreeable - (prepared to agree or consent; 'agreeable to the plan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Agreed :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :AgreeingEvent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AgreeingEvent ; :wnsense "agreed1adj", "in agreement1adj" ; :wordnet "agreed", "in agreement" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Agreed'' is the attribute of an 'agreement', produced by a ''AgreeingEvent'', as well as of the agents who are in agreement. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'agreed' in Wordnet: 1. agreed, in agreement - (united by being of the same opinion; 'agreed in their distrust of authority') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Agreeing :eng "agreeing" ; :impliesPriorEventType :AssertingEvent ; :ldoce "agree", "agreement" ; :wnsense "agree1v", "agreement6n" ; :wordnet "agree", "agreement" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Agreeing' is an AssertingEvent in which two or more Agents assert the same thing. The Asserting is often accompanied by a Believing (they agree that something is true), but they may merely agree to each do something separately. This is a very broad sense of 'agreeing', including simple agreeing on facts or opinions, or an agreeing to **do** certain things, which may be perfunctory or conditional and not obligatory. This type has at least two ''AssertingEvent''s,one for eachparty to the ''Agreeing'' For every ''Agreeing'' the ''Agreement'' produced should be specified or reified. An 'Agreeing' that creates an 'Agreement' is a subtype of this type, 'AgreeingEvent', and that type, if there is a contingency on one 'PartyToAnAgreement' doing something in return for another 'PartyToAnAgreement' doing something, may create a 'BindingAgreement' having associated Obligations. This corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'agree' and noun sense 6 of 'agreement' in WordNet: 1. (63) agree, hold, concur, concord - (be in accord; be in agreement; 'We agreed on the terms of the settlement'; 'I can't agree with you!'; 'I hold with those who say life is sacred'; 'Both philosophers concord on this point') WN Noun 'agreement': 6. agreement - (the verbal act of agreeing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :CooperationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Agreeing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssertingEvent ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Agreement ] . :Agreeing-Feeling :hasContrastingFeeling :Opposition-Feeling ; :ldoce "agreement" ; :wnsense "agreement3n" ; :wordnet "agreement" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Agreeing-Feeling' may be purely internal, and never expressed, or may lead to verbalization of the agreeing, or to actions morivate by the agreeing. This feeling contrasts with 'Opposition-Feeling'. Approximately represented by noun sense 3 of 'agreement' in Wordnet: 3. (6) agreement, accord - (harmony of people's opinions or actions or characters; 'the two parties were in agreement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgreeingEvent ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :AgreeingAgents a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'AgreeingAgents' is a Group of GenericAgents that created some Agreement. The individual members of that Group are related to the whole Group by the relation 'hasComponentElement'. NOTE that a Group of AgreeingAgents that create an Agreement that has some enforceable character can be the 'Authority' for the Obligations arising from that Agreement. If the Agreement is legally binding, the State may also be an Authority that can enforce the Agreement. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authority, :GenericAgent, :Group, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PartyToAnAgreement ] . :AgreeingEvent :ldoce "agree" ; :wnsense "agree2v" ; :wordnet "agree" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each AgreeingEvent is a Conversation between two parties that results in an Agreement, which is a mental object. This is the sense of 'agree' meaning to agree to perform (or refrain from) some actions. For the more specific sense of agreeing to perform some actions (which includes creating a contract), use 'MakingAnAgreement'. This differs from the more general 'Agreeing' in that this conversation actually creates the Agreement, the Agreement dis not exist prior to the conversation. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'agree' in WordNet: 2. (25) agree - (consent or assent to a condition, or agree to do something; 'She agreed to all my conditions'; 'He agreed to leave her alone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreeing, :Communication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Agreement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Agreement :ldoce "agreement" ; :wnsense "accord1n", "agreement1n", "agreement3n" ; :wordnet "accord", "agreement" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MentalObject created by two or more parties 'Agreeing' to something - agreeing to some facts or opinions, or to do something. This looks forward to specific perfomances of the agreeing parties, and is therefore considered a ''Specification'' that can be executed. An 'Agreement' that creates an Obligation to do something is represented by the subtype 'BindingAgreement'. An 'Agreement' which is an exchange of promises (actions contingent on each other) is a 'Deal'. If a 'Deal' is legally binding, it is a 'Contract'. Includes noun sense 1, 3, and 4 of 'agreement' and sense 1 of 'arrangement' and sense 1 of 'accord' in WordNet: 1. (9) agreement, understanding - (the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises; 'they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business'; 'there was an understanding between management and the workers') 3. (6) agreement, accord - (harmony of people's opinions or actions or characters; 'the two parties were in agreement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollectiveGoal, :MentalObject, :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgreeingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgreeingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :AgreementClause a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AgreementClause' is a Specification for something that is intended to be done as part of an Agreement. The specifications must be expressible linguistically, as an AbstractText, though they can have a logical equivalent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :containsSymbolicObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractText ] . :AgreementToAdhereToConditions :hasComponentElement :ENG_accept ; :hasTopic :PatOpeningCosmoBankAccount ; :isTheProductOf :PatOpeningCosmoBankAccount ; :refersToExternalEntity :AdheringToConditions ; :wasCreatedBy :GenericCosmoBank ; a :Agreement, :Assertion, :Promise . :AgreementType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AwardType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Agreement' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :Agricultural :pertainsTo :AgricultureOrHusbandry, :CommercialFarming ; :wnsense "agricultural1adj", "agricultural2adj" ; :wordnet "agricultural" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Agricultural'' is the attribute pertaining to an ''AgricultureOrHusbandry'' or to ''CommercialFarming'' or to people who perform those activities, or to associated matters. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'agricultural' in WordNet: 1. (6) agricultural - (relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming; 'agricultural engineering'; 'modern agricultural (or farming) methods'; 'agricultural (or farm) equipment'; 'an agricultural college') 2. agrarian, agricultural, farming - (relating to rural matters; 'an agrarian (or agricultural) society'; 'farming communities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AgricultureOrHusbandry :guid "c10af419-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "agriculture1n", "agriculture2n" ; :wordnet "agriculture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes raising plants and/or animals for human purposes (usually but not necessarily for sale), including gardening and raising ornamental plants indoors or outdoors. This includes breeding animals for sale, including pets, but does not include simply maintaining animals as pets. Cyc: An activity consisting of a variety of more specific activities involving the husbandry of animals, the planting and harvesting of crops, etc. Corresponds approximately to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'agriculture' in WordNet, but may be somewhat broader: in WordNet: 1. (4) agribusiness, agriculture, factory farm - (a large-scale farming enterprise) 2. (1) farming, agriculture, husbandry - (the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingCareOfSomething, :TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay . :Agriculturist :wnsense "agriculturalist1n", "agriculturist1n", "cultivator1n", "grower1n", "raiser1n" ; :wordnet "agriculturalist", "agriculturist", "cultivator", "grower", "raiser" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Agriculturist'' is a ''Farmer'' mostly concerned with raising crops, rather than raising farm animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agriculturist' in WordNet: 1. agriculturist, agriculturalist, cultivator, grower, raiser - (someone concerned with the science or art or business of cultivating the soil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Farmer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :RaisingCrops ] . :Agronomist :guid "dda09c24-8d68-41d8-91e8-9118bd150727" ; :wnsense "agronomist1n" ; :wordnet "agronomist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Agronomist is the collection of scientists who specialize in #$Agronomy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agronomist' in WordNet: 1. agronomist - (an expert in soil management and field-crop production) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scientist . :Ah-ha :en "ah-ha", "aha" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A suddenly emitted phrase that sounds like and has the usual intended meaning of 'ah-ha', usually expressing a sudden realization of or insight about something. An 'ah-ha moment' occurs when one realizes something that has not previously been obvious. No sense in Wordnet. RHW 'aha': (used as an exclamation of triumph, mockery, contempt, irony, surprise, etc., according to the manner of utterance.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :Ahead :isAnAttributeValueOf :Competitor, :LegalAgent, :Team ; :wnsense "ahead1adj", "in the lead1adj", "leading4adj" ; :wordnet "ahead", "in the lead", "leading" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ahead'' characterizes a ''PersistentState'' of an agent in which one agent is in a better position (a score or position) in a contest. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ahead' in WordNet: 1. (1) ahead, in the lead, leading - (having the leading position or higher score in a contest; 'he is ahead by a pawn'; 'the leading team in the pennant race') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AheadInaCompetition :en "winning" ; :ldoce "ahead" ; :wnsense "ahead1adj", "in the lead1adj", "leading4adj" ; :wordnet "ahead", "in the lead", "leading" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AheadInaCompetition' is an attribute of some agent who is in some kind of competition (very broadly defined), and is leading one or more other competitors. Being ahead is 'Good' from the perspective of the one who is ahead. This attribute has 'has' pointers to other facets of the maning of being ahead, so that the competition and other competitors as well as the exact relative Advantage can be specified. To assert that one competitor is ahead in a **race** judged by distance, one may use 'isAheadOf'; but this is only for leads in location , not in scores or other types of advantage. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ahead' and adj sense 4 of 'leading' in WordNet: 1. (1) ahead, in the lead, leading - (having the leading position or higher score in a contest; 'he is ahead by a pawn'; 'the leading team in the pennant race') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :Aid :wnsense "aid1n", "help2n" ; :wordnet "aid", "help" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Aid'' is a PhysicalObject or Substance or some AbstractObject (e.g. Money) that is needed or useful for some task, which may be provided by an act of ''HelpingAnAgent'', or may be obtined by an agent that can use it.. For PhysicalObjects that are helpful, use ''Materials''. The WN 'aid' includes 'economic assistance' which is represented under the subtype ''EconomicAid'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'aid' in WordNet: 1. (10) aid, assistance, help - (a resource; 'visual aids in teaching'; 'economic assistance to depressed areas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Aide :wnsense "aide2n", "auxiliary1n" ; :wordnet "aide", "auxiliary" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """(aide sense 1 is military) 'auxiliary' in WN does not have the sense of 'affiliated organization' as in 'ladies' auxiliary'. ?why? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'aide' in WordNet: 2. (1) aide, auxiliary - (someone who acts as assistant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Subordinate . :Aide-Memoire :wnsense "aide-memoire1n", "position paper2n" ; :wordnet "aide-memoire", "position paper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Aide-Memoire'' is a ''Memorandum'' containing a summary of the content of an agreement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aide-memoire' in WordNet: 1. aide-memoire, position paper - (a memorandum summarizing the items of an agreement (used especially in diplomatic communications)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Memorandum, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgreementType ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :AidingAllies :guid "bdbd817e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute characterizes goals which involve aiding one's allies.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForeignPolicyGoal . :AilmentCondition :en "be ill", "be sick", "be unwell", "being ill", "being sick", "have an ailment", "have an illness", "having an ailment", "having an illness" ; :eng "ailing" ; :guid "c10c1856-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ail1v", "ailment1n", "health problem1n", "ill health1n", "illness1n", "malady2n", "pathological state1n", "pathology2n", "sickness1n" ; :wordnet "ail", "ailment", "health problem", "ill health", "illness", "malady", "pathological state", "pathology", "sickness" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'AilmentCondition' is any bodily malfunction (due to disease or accident) in which some deterioration of function in some part of the body occurs. For bodily malfuctions not due to injury use the subtype ''Disease''. For malfuncions due to injury, use ''InjuryCondition;; Such conditions are considered 'unpleasant' in COSMO even if they do not have immediately perceptible symptoms, because by reducing function they cause undesirable things to happen. This condition can be related to the Animal suffering from it by one of the following relations: ''wasExperiencedBy'' ''wasPerformedByAgent'' ''hasSubjectOfState'' ''isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType''. The last can be used for Roles such as 'insomniac' or 'leper'. ' Similar to SUMO 'DiseaseOrSyndrome': A BiologicalAttribute which qualifies something that alters or interferes with a normal process, state or activity of an Organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of one or more of the host's systems, parts, or Organs. COSMO note: the terms ailment, illness, disease, and sickness are considered as logical synonyms in COSMO. This is the most general category for any kind of illness, from a minor ache to a fatal disease, for any organism. Although the usage of each synonymous term varies, it is difficult to distinguish any differences in meaning. In the Random House Webster, definition 1 of 'disease' states: Disease 1. a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment. NOTE: that breaks of bones or other trauma or injury is not included in this concept, nor is the anatomical abnormality resulting from injury, However, secondary physiological processes such as pain, inflammation, or other abnormality resulting from the injury is included here. NOTE: that this is a PersistentState, which is a type of Event that has a beginning and ending time. Although a PersistentState can be defined with an arbitrary beginning and ending time, the usual interpretation of the linguistic terms associated with illness will either refer to the whole event from onset to disappearance of the illness, or to the DiseaseProcess that produces the illness during that interval of time. This may not conform exactly to the Cyc interpretation, below. In COSMO, the DiseaseProcess that produces an AilmentCondition is different from though intimately related to the AilmentCondition. NOTE the restriction: Every Ailment has a corresponding ProcessType, being a PhysiologicalConditionType. NOTE also that an AilmentCondition is not the same as the symptoms of that condition. The symptoms are a separate but related logical category. NOTE also that not every abnormal physiological condition is an AilmentCondition. Arrhythmia, for example, may be clinically insignificant or innocuous. NOTE also that a single instance of a disease is confined to one organism, so a Disease 'isLocatedAt' only one particular organism. To specify that a group of organisms is suffering from a disease, or that an epidemic is occurring among some group of organisms use 'DiseaseGroup'. Cyc: The most general collection of ailment events; a subcollection of both #$PhysiologicalCondition and #$DysfunctionalCondition. An instance of #$AilmentCondition is a dynamic state of sickness, injury, or physiological impairment. The rationale for construing ailments in this way is the obvious fact that to have an ailment is to undergo an event: an individual ailment has temporal features, it progresses dynamically, and so on. It is not just a matter of being in some static state of unwellness . Subcollections of #$AilmentCondition include #$RespiratoryAilment, #$HeartCondition, #$Cancer, #$MotionSickness, #$Poisoning, #$Infection, and #$InjuryCondition. If a particular person has an infection, that event is an instance of #$AilmentCondition. An #$AilmentCondition does not begin before there is an actual, developed sickness or impairment, and thus does not include the event of getting sick or becoming impaired. Also note that each type of ailment, such as #$Infection, is the collection of all cases or instances of individuals suffering from that condition. See also #$DiseaseType. Corrresponds to noun sense 1 of 'illness' and sense 1 of 'ailment' and verb sense 1 of 'ail' in WordNet. The WordNet distinctions between these two are unclear and are ignored. in WordNet: 1. (8) illness, unwellness, malady, sickness - (impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism) 1. (7) ailment, complaint, ill - (an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining) WN verb 'ail': 1. ail - (be unwell, ill, or ill disposed) WN 'pathological state': 1. pathological state - (a condition that is not normal) WN 'ill heath': 1. (1) ill health, unhealthiness, health problem - (a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain) WN noun 'pathology': 2. pathology - (any deviation from a healthy or normal condition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :UnpleasantBodyEvent, :UnpleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PhysiologicalConditionType ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complication ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malfunctioning ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoutOfIllness ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :AilmentImmunity :wnsense "immunity2n", "resistance5n" ; :wordnet "immunity", "resistance" ; a :ImmunityType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AilmentImmunity'' is The PhysiologicalCondition of being ''Immune'' to some specific disease type (usually infectious). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'immunity' in WordNet: 2. immunity, resistance - ((medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immunity, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalDisease ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :AilmentType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of AilmentCondition as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalConditionType . :AimingAction :en "aim at", "take aim at" ; :wnsense "aim1v", "direct7v", "take aim1v", "train6v" ; :wordnet "aim", "direct", "take aim", "train" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which some 'IntentionalAgent' aims some PropellingDevice, photographic equipment, light source (e.g. flashlight) or other Object at a different PhysicalObject or in some direction. NOTE: this is more general than the subtype ''Targeting'', in which the Object aimed at is specifically known ahead of the action. In an ''AimingAction'' the Device may be pointed in some general direction, as when a flashlight is pointed somewhere to see what is located there. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'aim' in WordNet: 1. (8) aim, take, train, take aim, direct - (aim or direct at; as of blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment; 'Please don't aim at your little brother!'; 'He trained his gun on the burglar'; 'Don't train your camera on the women'; 'Take a swipe at one's opponent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Air :guid "bd58c00c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Argon_1percent, :Nitrogen_79percent, :Oxygen_20percent ; :ldoce "air" ; :wnsense "air1n" ; :wordnet "air" ; a :GasType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GaseousTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Air is one 'piece' among all the portions of the atmosphere of the Earth, considered as a substance present in various places, in various quantities, under various pressures, etc. Examples: the AirInAustin; the stuffy air in my office; the thin air atop Annapurna. See also #$TheAtmosphereQuaSinglePieceOfStuff, which is all ambient #$Air on the planet taken as a single object. SUMO: Air is the gaseous stuff that makes up the atmosphere surrounding Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'air' in WordNet: 1. (735) air - (a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of; 'air pollution'; 'a smell of chemicals in the air'; 'open a window and let in some air'; 'I need some fresh air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas, :Mixture, :NaturalTangibleStuff . :AirBreathingVertebrate :en "air-breathing vertebrate" ; :enn "air-breathing vertebrate" ; :guid "bef7c9c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the lung cardinality values are for typical air-breathing vertebrates. CYC: #$AirBreathingVertebrate is a specialization of #$Vertebrate and an instance of #$OrganismClassificationType. Each instance of #$AirBreathingVertebrate is a vertebrate that usually respires by breathing #$Air during adult life. Includes individual #$Mammals, #$Birds, #$Reptiles, and most #$Amphibians. Most #$AirBreathingVertebrates are #$TerrestrialOrganisms, but some #$AquaticOrganisms breathe air (#$Whales, etc.). All #$AirBreathingVertebrates have #$Lungs and #$RespiratoryTracts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vertebrate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lung ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirRespiration ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :AirConveyance a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AirConveyance is any artifact designed to convey objects through the air, including blimps and heavier-than-air craft.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingConveyance . :AirCurrent :wnsense "air stream1n" ; :wordnet "air stream" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionalProcess during which Air flows in a stream-like formation. This can be a current in the atmosphere, like a 'jet stream' or the air blown by a fan, or the air stream in a aerodynamics test facility. Includes but is not restricted to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'air stream' in Wordnet: 1. airstream - (a relatively well-defined prevailing wind) 2. slipstream, airstream, race, backwash, wash - (the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidCurrent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :AirForce :guid "c10c1acc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "airforce" ; :wnsense "air force1n", "airforce1n" ; :wordnet "air force", "airforce" ; a :MilitaryOrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The type that includes the air forces of individual countries. Each Country's air force is an instance of this type. Cyc: A subcollection of #$BranchOfMilitaryService. Each instance of #$AirForce is a modern military organization composed mainly of airborne forces (such as bombers, fighters, torpedo planes, parachute troops, surveillance aircraft, etc.) and which has the function of defending or attacking air space, ships, or ground targets. SUMO: AirForce is the subclass of MilitaryService that comprises military air forces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'air force' in WordNet: 1. (2) air force, airforce - (the airborne branch of a country's armed forces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BranchOfMilitaryService . :AirHeatingDevice :en "air heater", "air heating device" ; :guid "bd5894f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of devices used to heat the air in humanly-occupied constructs. Different from ovens and hair dryers, whose primary functions are NOT to heat the air, but to heat something else. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :heats ] . :AirObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PhysicalObject consisting mostly of ''Air'', i.e. some quantity of ''Air''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GaseousObject, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:PhysicalObject [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] ) ] . :AirPathThroughSolid :guid "c0f2a4ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of paths; a subset of #$PathThroughSolid. Each element of #$AirPathThroughSolid is a region of open space extending from at least one portal on the surface of a solid, into the interior. The portal may be open to surrounding air (as with a highway tunnel), or it may be covered. Some elements of #$AirPathThroughSolid go 'all the way through' the solid; such paths have at least two portals. See also #$Portal, #$Cavity, #$PieceOfFreeSpace. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirObject, :PathThroughSolid . :AirPollution :wnsense "air pollution1n" ; :wordnet "air pollution" ; a :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AirPollution'' is a state of the atmosphere that is unpleasant or harmful in some way,caused by the presence of pollutants. There is an open question as to whether excess carbon dioxide should be considered as ''AirPollution''. IN any case ''AirPollutin'' does not have to decrease visibility. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'air pollution' in WordNet: 1. (1) air pollution - (pollution of the atmosphere; 'air pollution reduced the visibility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImmediateWeatherProcess, :Pollution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LocalOutdoorAirObject ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :AirPower :wnsense "air power1n", "aviation1n" ; :wordnet "air power", "aviation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AirPower'' is a term used for the ''Group'' consisting of all of the aircraft owned and used by the military (not just the Air Force. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'air power' in WordNet: 1. aviation, air power - (the aggregation of a country's military aircraft) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MilitaryAircraft ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :AirRespiration :guid "bd58bdb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "respiration2n", "respire3v", "take a breath1v" ; :wordnet "respiration", "respire", "take a breath" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for one complete cycle of ''Inhaling'' and ''Exhaling'' Air into and out of the lungs in an air-breathing vertebrate. This is a subEvent of the ''PersistsentState'' of ''Breathing''. CYC: A collection of activities constituting a natural #$PhysiologicalFunction; #$AirRespiration is the collection of all #$Respiration events in which an organism trades some of the carbon dioxide in its tissues for oxygen from the atmosphere. This needs distinction from the parent 'Respiration'. uses lungs??? Includes noun sense 2 of 'Respiration' and verb sense 3 of 'respire' in Wordnet: 2. respiration - (a single complete act of breathing in and out; 'thirty respirations per minute') WN verb 'respire': 3. breathe, take a breath, respire, suspire - (draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs; 'I can breathe better when the air is clean'; 'The patient is respiring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalFunction, :Respiration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inhaling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exhaling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lung ; owl:onProperty :requiredBodypart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirBreathingVertebrate ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :AirTemperature a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AirTemperaure'' is a ''TemperatureMeasure'' of the atmosphere at some particular point on the EarthsSurface at some particular time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemperatureMeasure . :AirTemperatureGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AttributeGroup'' consisting exclusively of ''AirTemperature'' measures. Used to express average ''AirTemperature''s as one element of ''Climate''. or ''AttributeType''s.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AirTemperature ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :AirTransportationDevice :guid "bd58ae50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TransportationDevice. Each instance of #$AirTransportationDevice is a device used for transporting either people or cargo through the air. Specializations of #$AirTransportationDevice include the collections #$Airplane, #$Helicopter, #$HotAirBalloon, and #$GroundToOrbitVehicle.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationDevice . :AirTransportationEvent :guid "0df312d8-a4f9-41d8-8a9e-fc903bbcbf79" ; :occursAt :EarthsAtmosphere ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TransportationTypeByMedium. Each instance of #$LandTransportationEvent is a #$TransportationEvent which occurs primarily in a #$PieceOfSky.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationEvent . :Airborne :guid "236d228a-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "airborne1adj" ; :wordnet "airborne" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of something that is in the air (whether outside or inside a structure). This can be something floating, rising, or drifting, or mixed in with air (airborne pollutants). The CYC case includes a parachutist slowly falling, so this is not necessarily pertaining to something stably aloft. Gliding and parasailing are also borderline cases, as they are partly supported by the air, even if they need a tow or a current to keep from falling.. CYC: The collection of instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized that are airborne. An airborne object is immersed in the air and is not supported by the ground. If it is supported by anything, that thing is #$Airborne and it is not 'inside' (contained in?) whatever is supporting it. Thus airplanes flying, soap bubbles floating, or people jumping in midair are classic positive exemplars of #$Airborne things. Slightly more questionable positive exemplars include people suspended by parachutes, or the jet engines hanging off an #$Airborne 747, or the clothes of a sky diver. Negative exemplars include the people inside such an aircraft, chewing gum inside a skydiver's mouth because they are contained in something airborne. A person hanging from a bungee jumping chord is not airborne because the bungee chord is inevitably supported by 'the ground'. However, while floating downward on a slack bungee tether, said jumper would be considered #$Airborne since he is not supported by anything, but rather in free fall. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'airborne' in WordNet: 1. (7) airborne - (moved or conveyed by or through air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :Airbrush :wnsense "airbrush1n" ; :wordnet "airbrush" ; a :ContainerType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Airbrush'' is an ''Atomizer'' used to apply paint or ink to a surface either for speed or to achieve some visual effect not easy to accomplish with a traditional 'brush'. This is for applying to small areas; for applying paint to a house, or other large surface see ''SprayGun''. \" SprayingWater \" usedSubstance LiquidSubstance Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airbrush' in WordNet: 1. airbrush - (an atomizer to spray paint by means of compressed air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Applicator, :Atomizer, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paint ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mist ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingPaint ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Airbrushing :en "airbrushing" ; :wnsense "airbrush1v" ; :wordnet "airbrush" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Airbrushing'' is an 'ApplyingPaint' action that uses an 'Airbrush'' to spray paint on an object. NOTE: spraying paint from a can of 'spray paint' is not included in this. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'airbrush' in WordNet: 1. airbrush - (paint with an airbrush; 'The old car looks like new now that we airbrushed it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingPaint, :Spraying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Airbrush ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Aircraft :CYC "AirTransportationVehicle" ; :ldoce "aircraft" ; :wnsense "aircraft1n" ; :wordnet "aircraft" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A self-powered heavier-than-air air transportation device. Blimps and dirigibles are not included; for lighter-than-air devices use 'LighterThanAirCraft'. Also, following Cyc, gliders are not included in this type. In cyc called 'AirTransportationVehicle'. Cyc: A specialization of #$AirTransportationDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$AirTransportationVehicle is a device which is both self-powered and controlled in some fashion by a user, and is used for transportation through air. Specializations of #$AirTransportationVehicle include the collections #$Airplane and #$Ultralight, but not collections of non-#$SelfPoweredDevices such as #$Glider. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'aircraft' (excluding lighter-than-air vehicles - use 'LighterThanAirCraft') in WordNet: 1. (15) aircraft - (a vehicle that can fly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirTransportationDevice, :TransportationDevice-Vehicle . :AircraftCarrier :wnsense "aircraft carrier1n", "attack aircraft carrier1n", "carrier3n", "flattop1n" ; :wordnet "aircraft carrier", "attack aircraft carrier", "carrier", "flattop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AircraftCarrier'' transports ''WarPlane''s and has a ''FlightDecck'' from which the planes can take off and land, thereby allowing attack on targets within several hundred miles of any ocean coast. A principle means of prjecting military power over large parts of the Earth. Can be sunk, like any other ship: \" Scratch one flattop! \" (WWII) Includes all noun senses of 'carrier' in WordNet: 3. (3) aircraft carrier, carrier, flattop, attack aircraft carrier - (a large warship that carries planes and has a long flat deck for takeoffs and landings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carrier, :MilitaryVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Warplane ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlightDeck ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :AircraftCrewMember :guid "bece6d4c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crew member1n", "crewman2n" ; :wordnet "crew member", "crewman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who work aboard an aircraft in flight and assist either in flying it or in the service or task it performs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crew member' and sense 2 of 'crewman' in WordNet: 1. (2) crewman, crew member - (a member of a flight crew) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult . :AircraftEngine :guid "be201f76-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aircraft engine1n" ; :wordnet "aircraft engine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: the collection of all #$Engines designed for use in #$Airplanes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aircraft engine' in WordNet: 1. aircraft engine - (the engine that powers and aircraft) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalCombustionEngine . :AircraftLanding :wnsense "landing3n" ; :wordnet "landing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AircraftLanding'' is the final descent of some kind of Aircraft arriving and alighting on the ground at the end of a flight. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'landing' in WordNet: 3. landing - (the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface); 'the plane made a smooth landing'; 'his landing on his feet was catlike') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArrivingAtAPlace, :Descending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aircraft ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :AircraftTakeoff :wnsense "takeoff2n" ; :wordnet "takeoff" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AircraftTakeoff'' is the initial ascent of some kind of Aircraft leaving the ground to start a flight. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'takeoff' in WordNet: 2. takeoff - (the initial ascent of an airplane as it becomes airborne) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AscendingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aircraft ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Airfield :guid "4f6b81c8-24d5-41d7-9565-9684d34df466" ; :wnsense "airfield1n", "field17n", "flying field1n", "landing field1n" ; :wordnet "airfield", "field", "flying field", "landing field" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An airplane landing strip with no facilities for the commercial handling of cargo or passengers. NOTe that the subtype relation of ''Airfeld'' and ''Airport-Physical'' are inverted in OpenCyC and in Wordnet. COSMO has adopted the OpenCYC formalism. The unambiguous bare bones landing strip is represented as ''Airstrip''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airfield' in WordNet: 1. airfield, landing field, flying field, flying field, field - (a place where planes take off and land) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Airport-Physical . :Airline :wnsense "airline business1n", "airline2n", "airway4n" ; :wordnet "airline", "airline business", "airway" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Airline'' is a commercial 'CommonCarrier', a ''CommercialServiceOrganization'' that owns and operates at least one ''Airplane'' and provides transportation service for people or carrying freight, in return for payment. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'airline' in WordNet: 2. airline, airline business, airway - (a commercial enterprise that provides scheduled flights for passengers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialServiceOrganization, :CommonCarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom :Airplane ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirplanePilot ; owl:onProperty :hasEmployee ] . :Airplane :guid "bd58828b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "airplane" ; :wnsense "airplane1n" ; :wordnet "airplane" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$FixedWingAircraft, each instance of which is a heavier-than-air, self-powered flying machine (other than a cruise missile) that gets its lift while flying from #$AirplaneWings. #$Helicopters are thus excluded because their lift is created by rotors. A near-borderline (positive) case is a plane that takes-off vertically using a turbojet engine, since its initial lift is not due to its wings. In flight, however, such a plane needs its wings to stay aloft. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airplane' and sense 1 of 'plane' in WordNet: 1. (21) airplane, aeroplane, plane - (an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets; 'the flight was delayed due to trouble with the airplane') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedWingAircraft, :FuelPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AircraftEngine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AircraftEngine ; owl:onProperty :usesEnergySource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AircraftEngine ; owl:onProperty :isPropelledBy ] . :AirplaneJoystick :wnsense "control stick1n", "joystick1n", "stick3n" ; :wordnet "control stick", "joystick", "stick" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'joystick' in WordNet: 1. stick, control stick, joystick - (a lever used by a pilot to control the ailerons and elevators of an airplane) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlLever, :SteeringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controlsManually ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TransportationDeviceType :Airplane ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Airplane ; owl:onProperty :steers ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingWithTheHand ; owl:onProperty :isOperatedByAction ] . :AirplanePart a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of VehiclePart. Each instance of 'AirplanePart' is a physical object designed to be a proper part of an instance of 'Airplane'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Airplane ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :AirplanePilot :guid "bd58caee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pilot" ; :wnsense "airplane pilot1n", "pilot1n" ; :wordnet "airplane pilot", "pilot" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Person who has been trained to fly certain kinds of aircraft, and does so regularly on a professional basis. Strictly speaking, a collection of temporal subabstractions of people, where the time interval involved in each case is the duration of professional service. This type also serves as the Role played by the person actually piloting an airplane at a particular time, whether or not s/he has a license or is a professional pilot. This usage must be considered as an extension, as it would conflict the 'transportation professional' parent class. @ToDo: The 'professional' pilot should be a subclass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pilot' in WordNet: 1. (6) pilot, airplane pilot - (someone who is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AircraftCrewMember, :Driver, :Driver-TransportationProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Airplane ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :AirplaneWing :ldoce "wing" ; :wnsense "wing2n" ; :wordnet "wing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AirplaneWing' is the airfoil that provides lift for a 'FixedWingAircraft' (which includes VSTOL aircraft with wings that can move), and does not move to provide lift, as do the blades of a helicopter. Need to specify that it is planar - but not exactly?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wing' in WordNet: 2. (6) wing - (one of the horizontal airfoils on either side of the fuselage of an airplane) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirplanePart, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FixedWingAircraft ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Airport-Physical :ldoce "airport" ; :wnsense "airport1n" ; :wordnet "airport" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$FixedStructure and #$TransportFacility. Each instance of #$Airport-Physical is a facility which includes at least one runway where airplanes can take off and land. Instances of #$Airport-Physical may also have terminals and an air control tower, in addition to having a runway. See also the related collection #$AirportOrganization. The WordNet sense indicates that an 'airport' needs a control tower and terminals; without one, a landing strip is not an airpost. SUMO difference: Airport in SUMO is a LandTransitway. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'airport' in WordNet (including 'Airfield' as a subtype that may have minimal or no facilities other than a landing strip): in WordNet: 1. (4) airport, airdrome, aerodrome, drome - (an airfield equipped with control tower and hangers as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :TransportFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AircraftTakeoff ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AircraftLanding ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Airstrip :wnsense "airstrip1n", "flight strip1n", "landing strip1n", "strip3n" ; :wordnet "airstrip", "flight strip", "landing strip", "strip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bare-bones landing strip with no significant supporting structures for the planes; it is often just a smoothed dirt path. NOTE that the subtype relation of ''Airfeld'' and ''Airport-Physical'' are inverted in OpenCyC and in Wordnet. COSMO has adopted the OpenCYC formalism. The unambiguous bare bones landing strip is represented as ''Airstrip''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airstrip' in WordNet: 1. airstrip, flight strip, landing strip, strip - (an airfield without normal airport facilities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Airport-Physical . :Airwaves :en "airwaves" ; :enn "airwaves" ; :wnsense "air4n", "airwave1n" ; :wordnet "air", "airwave" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Airwaves'' is a vaguely defined 'Medium' through which a ''RadioWaveTransmission'' can or does travel. The parent term 'medium' is used metaphorically for an abstract notion of some space-filling substance that performs some function, but for this type that concept would correspond to physical space itself. The term actually is an oblique way to refer to ''Broadcasting'', radio or Television. Thus 'on the air' means 'being broadcast now'. 'over the air' is 'by means of a radio signal' 'over the airwaves' is 'by means of a Broadcast' Precise logical representation would include various usages. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'airwave' in WordNet: 1. air, airwave - (medium for radio and television broadcasting; 'the program was on the air from 9 til midnight'; 'the president used the airwaves to take his message to the people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWaveTransmission ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Broadcasting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Airy :isTheOppositeOf :Stuffy ; :wnsense "aired1adj", "airy1adj" ; :wordnet "aired", "airy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'airy' in Wordnet: 1. (4) aired, airy - (open to or abounding in fresh air; 'airy rooms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Aisle :wnsense "aisle2n", "aisle3n" ; :wordnet "aisle" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Aisle'' is a ''Passageway'' inside a ''Room''. 'gangway' would be a subtype. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 3 of 'aisle' in WordNet: 2. (2) aisle, gangway - (passageway between seating areas as in an auditorium or passenger vehicle or between areas of shelves of goods as in stores) 3. aisle - (part of a church divided laterally from the nave proper by rows of pillars or columns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Passageway, :SpaceInAHOC, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Room ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Floor ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyAbove ] . :Ajar :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Door ; :isTheOppositeOf :Closed ; :wnsense "ajar1adj" ; :wordnet "ajar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Ajar is used only of doors. This can be used for any degree of 'openness' that is not 'wide open'; not fully open. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ajar' in Wordnet: 1. ajar - (slightly open; 'the door was ajar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Akin :wnsense "akin1adj", "kindred1adj", "related3adj" ; :wordnet "akin", "kindred", "related" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: terms 'akin' and 'related' are usually use with 'to' or 'with' to form the full adjective. The term 'kindred' has another sense pertaing to human familial relations, included as a label for the attribute ''RelatedAsKin''. This type includes two senses of 'kindred' from RHW. Sense 6, which is used without the insertion of a 'to' could probably be represented separately, having a subtle difference of meaning. @ToDo. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'akin' in Wordnet: 1. (3) akin, kindred, related - (similar or related in quality or character; 'a feeling akin to terror'; 'kindred souls'; 'the amateur is closely related to the collector') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Similar . :Alabaster :guid "bd75e645-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "alabaster1n", "alabaster2n" ; :wordnet "alabaster" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'alabaster' in WordNet (these should be differentiated): in WordNet: 1. (2) alabaster - (a compact fine-textured, usually white gypsum used for carving) 2. alabaster, oriental alabaster, onyx marble, Mexican onyx - (a hard compact kind of calcite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :AlabasterColor :guid "2733986a-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "alabaster3n" ; :wordnet "alabaster" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'alabaster' in WordNet: 3. alabaster - (a very light white) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :AlarmClock :guid "bd58f3f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToMeasure :TimeOfDay ; :wnsense "alarm clock1n", "alarm4n" ; :wordnet "alarm", "alarm clock" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AlarmClock' is a Clock (mechanical or electronic) whose design purpose is to measure and display the 'TimeOfDay', and has a means to specify ('set') a particular 'TimeOfDay' when some audible signal will sound; the signal may be the sounds coming from a radio (i.e the radio may come on), as in an alarm radio; or, it may merely set off a buzzing or beeping signal,or a ringing sound. NOTE that an 'AlarmClock' must have as its main function not only telling time but being able to be set for a particular time. Other timepieces, such as wristwatches or kitchen timers, that also have an alarm function are *not* instances of 'AlarmClock' - this type is to be used in its usual sense, as a clock that can be kept on a bedside table to wake one from sleep. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alarm clock' in WordNet: 1. alarm clock, alarm - (a clock that wakes sleeper at present time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clock, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WakingUpAnAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :AlarmDevice :guid "c12acef5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "alarm system1n", "alarm2n", "warning device1n" ; :wordnet "alarm", "alarm system", "warning device" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of objects; a specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Every instance of #$AlarmDevice triggers an #$AlarmSignal. It may do this automatically when it detects certain physical phenomena, or it may be manually activated. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'alarm' in WordNet: 2. (3) alarm, warning device, alarm system - (a device that signals the occurrence of some undesirable event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :IndicatorDevice, :PoweredDevice, :SecurityDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlarmSignal ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :AlarmSignal :guid "c1008e47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "alarm3n", "alert3n", "warning signal1n" ; :wordnet "alarm", "alert", "warning signal" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AlarmSignal'' is a ''Signal'' that may be audible or visible (e.g.flashing lights),signalling some urgent Situation requiring rapid response. This type of Signal can be initiated automatically by monoitoring equipment, or manually by a Person taking some action (but more than just yelling 'Fire!' or likewise). CYC: A signal intended to convey some kind of warning message (to people or to devices that understand its content). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'alarm' in WordNet: 3. alarm, alert, warning signal, alarum - (an automatic signal (usually a sound) warning of danger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Signal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :signifies ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Emergency :EventType ) ] ] . :AlarmSound :wnsense "alarm3n" ; :wordnet "alarm" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AlarmSound'' is an ''AlarmSignal'' that is an audible sound, usually loud. This can be indoors or outdoors. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'alarm' in WordNet: 3. alarm, alert, warning signal, alarum - (an automatic signal (usually a sound) warning of danger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlarmSignal, :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :signifies ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Emergency :EventType ) ] ] . :AlaskaPipelineOil :consistsMostlyOfSubstance :Petroleum ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :LiquidObject ; rdfs:comment """All of the oil from Alaska's North Slope carried to Valdez via the pipeline.""" . :Alaskan :pertainsTo :AlaskanPerson, :StateOfAlaska ; :wnsense "Alaskan1adj" ; :wordnet "Alaskan" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Alaskan' in WordNet: 1. Alaskan - (relating to or characteristic of the state or people of Alaska) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AlaskanPerson :wnsense "Alaskan1n" ; :wordnet "Alaskan" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Alaskan' in WordNet: 1. Alaskan - (a native or resident of Alaska) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOfAlaska ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Albania :wnsense "Albania1n" ; :wordnet "Albania" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Albania' in WordNet: 1. Albania, Republic of Albania - (a republic in southeastern Europe on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula) """ . :Album :wnsense "album2n" ; :wordnet "album" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The WN gloss indicates that there are 'blank' pages, but all of the pages in an album may have been filled and it is still an album. It *had* blank pages when new. 'photo album' and 'stamp album' are common subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'album' in WordNet: 2. (1) album - (a book of blank pages with pockets or envelopes; for organizing photographs or stamp collections etc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical . :Albumen :wnsense "albumen1n", "albumin1n" ; :wordnet "albumen", "albumin" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'albumen' in Wordnet, and interpreting sense 2 (ovalbumen) as a substance: in WordNet: 1. (9) albumin, albumen - (a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protein . :Albuminoid :wnsense "albuminoid1n", "scleroprotein1n" ; :wordnet "albuminoid", "scleroprotein" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Albuminoid'' is a simple ''Protein''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'albuminoid' in WordNet: 1. scleroprotein, albuminoid - (a simple protein found in horny and cartilaginous tissues and in the lens of the eye) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protein . :Alcohol :ldoce "alcohol" ; :wnsense "alcohol2n" ; :wordnet "alcohol" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Alcohol is the chemical term for an OrganicCompound that contains a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that has no double bonds on that carbon atom (this excludes organic acids and aldehydes in metameric form). NOTE: for the common 'alcohol' of alcoholic beverages, use 'EthylAlcohol', also called 'grain alcohol' and 'ethanol'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'alcohol' in WordNet (this type includes all alcohols in the chemical sense, organic compounds with an hydroxyl group): in Wordnet: 2. (2) alcohol - (any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HydroxylGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasChemicalGroup ] . :Alcohol15-70perCent :hasWeightFractionRange :PerCentage15-30 ; :isaFractionalComponentOf :EthylAlcohol ; a :FractionalComponentSubstance . :Alcohol500mgPerMl :wnsense "proof spirit1n" ; :wordnet "proof spirit" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alcohol500mgPerMl'' is a 'AlcoholicBeverage'' in which the ethanol is specified as 0.5 Grams per ml rather than volume per cent.. Any subtype of this substance will have the same density of alcohol content regardless of other components. Corresponds approximately (weight rather than volume) to noun sense 1 of 'proof spirit' in WordNet: 1. proof spirit - (a mixture containing half alcohol by volume at 60 degrees Fahrenheit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Alcohol65-70perCent :hasWeightFractionRange :PerCentage65-70 ; :isaFractionalComponentOf :EthylAlcohol ; a :FractionalComponentSubstance . :AlcoholDrinker :en "alcohol drinker" ; :wnsense "drinker2n", "imbiber1n", "juicer1n", "toper1n" ; :wordnet "drinker", "imbiber", "juicer", "toper" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AlcoholDrinker'' is a ''Drinker'' who is drinking or habitually drinks some type of beverage, including plain water. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'drinker' in WordNet: 2. drinker, imbiber, toper, juicer - (a person who drinks alcoholic beverages (especially to excess)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drinker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Alcoholic :wnsense "alcoholic1n", "alky1n", "boozer1n", "dipsomaniac1n", "lush1n", "soaker2n", "souse1n" ; :wordnet "alcoholic", "alky", "boozer", "dipsomaniac", "lush", "soaker", "souse" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Alcoholic'' is an ''Addict'' who is addicted to ''EthylAlcohol''. i.e. is performing the state of ''Alcoholism''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alcoholic' in WordNet: 1. alcoholic, alky, dipsomaniac, boozer, lush, soaker, souse - (a person who drinks alcohol to excess habitually) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Addict, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alcoholism ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :AlcoholicBeverage :guid "bd58c87b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :EthylAlcohol ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Intoxicating ; :wnsense "alcohol1n", "alcoholic beverage1n", "inebriant1n", "intoxicant1n" ; :wordnet "alcohol", "alcoholic beverage", "inebriant", "intoxicant" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Beverage containing at least three and one-half of one percent of ethanol by volume, making it able to cause ''Inebriation'' if taken in sufficient quantity, which varies with the concentration of ethanol and the tolerance of the Person ingesting it. NOTE that we do not require an 'AlcoholicBeverage' to be prepared by fermentation, though most examples are - synthetic ethanol can be used to prepare an 'AlcoholicBeverage'. NOTE2. This definition is differs from the concentration criterion (0.5%) used in California, and therefore does not include dilute solutions of ethanol as instances, as would be suggested by the SUMO definition. Those can be covered by the parent type ''AlcoholicThing''. Some 'Non-alcoholic' beers contain 0.5% alcohol, and are not included in this type. The California statute reads: 'Alcoholic beverage' includes alcohol, spirits, liquor, wine, beer, and every liquid or solid containing alcohol, spirits, wine, or beer, and which contains one-half of 1 percent or more of alcohol by volume and which is fit for beverage purposes either alone or when diluted, mixed, or combined with other substances.' SUMO: Any Beverage that contains Alcohol. NOTE: the owl:Restrictions on a substance are superfluous, as there are no existing instances of substances in COSMO. But it is harmless, and by being inherited can provide a reminder that the type-level assertion should be added to all subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alcoholic beverage ' in WordNet: 1. (1) alcohol, alcoholic beverage, intoxicant, inebriant - (a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent; 'alcohol (or drink) ruined him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlcoholicThing, :ArtificialSubstance, :Beverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EthylAlcohol ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intoxicating ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AlcoholicThing :en "alcoholic thing" ; a :ObjectType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AlcoholicThing'' is an Object or Substance that has some significant content of ''EthylAlcohol'' contributing to its salient character. he actual content in beverages can be rather small, only enough to have some significant physiological effect (especially on the nervous system)' this will be in most cases at least 3% by volume,but in California an AlcoholicBeverage need only have at least 0.5%. NOTE: the term 'alcoholic' itself is not represented as an attribute; things that are 'alcoholic' will be represented as subtypes of this type (similar to CYC usage). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingContainingSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EthylAlcohol ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Alcoholism :wnsense "alcohol addiction1n", "alcoholism1n", "drunkenness2n", "inebriation1n" ; :wordnet "alcohol addiction", "alcoholism", "drunkenness", "inebriation" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alcoholism' in WordNet: 1. alcoholism, alcohol addiction, inebriation, drunkenness - (habitual intoxication; prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks leading to a breakdown in health and an addiction to alcohol such that abrupt deprivation leads to severe withdrawal symptoms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Addiction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alcoholic ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Aldehyde :wnsense "aldehyde1n" ; :wordnet "aldehyde" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Aldehyde'' is an OrganicCompound that contains an ''AldehydeGroup' in it. The simplest is ''Formaldehyde''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aldehyde' in WordNet: 1. aldehyde - (any of a class of highly reactive chemical compounds; used in making resins and dyes and organic acids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AldehydeGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasChemicalGroup ] . :AldehydeGroup :wnsense "aldehyde group1n", "aldehyde radical1n" ; :wordnet "aldehyde group", "aldehyde radical" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AldehydeGroup'' is an AtomGroup containing one atom each of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, with the Oxygent doubly bonded to the Carbon, which can connect to other parts of a molecule, having a valence of 1. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aldehyde group' in WordNet: 1. aldehyde group, aldehyde radical - (the chemical group -CHO) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalMoiety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneCarbonAtom ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneOxygenAtom ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneHydrogenAtom ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :Ale :hasColor :AmberColored ; :wnsense "ale1n" ; :wordnet "ale" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ale'' is a ''Beer'' that typically has a higher ' alcohol content than the basic ''Beer''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ale' in WordNet: 1. ale - (a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast; in some of the United States an ale is (by law) a brew of more than 4% alcohol by volume) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beer . :Alert :en "wide awake" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Alertness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :SleepingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Drowsy, :Lethargic ; :wnsense "alert1adj", "unsleeping1adj", "wide-awake1adj" ; :wordnet "alert", "unsleeping", "wide-awake" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being awake and aware of one's surroundings, ready to respond to events in the surroundings Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alert' andpart of sense1 of 'aware' (of one's surroundings) in WordNet: 1. (7) alert - (very attentive or observant; 'an alert and responsive baby is a joy'; 'caught by a couple of alert cops'; 'alert enough to spot the opportunity when it came'; 'constantly alert and vigilant, like a sentinel on duty') WN adj 'wide awake': 1. unsleeping, wide-awake - (fully awake; 'the unsleeping city'; 'so excited she was wide-awake all night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awake, :Cognizant . :Alertness :wnsense "alertness2n" ; :wordnet "alertness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alertness' in WordNet: 2. alertness, alerting - (a state of readiness to respond; 'alerting was indicated by the desynchronization of the EEG') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awareness, :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alert ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Alga :wnsense "alga1n", "algae1n" ; :wordnet "alga", "algae" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Alga is a chiefly aquatic plant that contains chlorophyll, but does not form embryos during development and lacks vascular tissue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alga' in WordNet: 1. alga, algae - (primitive chlorophyll-containing mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms lacking true stems and roots and leaves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonFloweringPlant, :SingleCellOrganism . :Algebra :wnsense "algebra1n" ; :wordnet "algebra" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Algebra'' is a simple branch of ''Mathematics'' concerning itself with calculations using variable quantities in equations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'algebra' in WordNet: 1. algebra - (the mathematics of generalized arithmetical operations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Methodology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DoingAddition ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mathematics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :AlgebraEquation :en "algebra equation", "algebraic equation" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AlgebraEquation'' is an Equation in which at least one of the related terms is a ''VariableQuantity''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equation, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :VariableQuantity ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Algeria :wnsense "Algeria1n" ; :wordnet "Algeria" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of '' in WordNet: 1. Algeria, Algerie, Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria - (a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea with a population that is predominantly Sunni Muslim; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s) """ . :Algorithm :guid "bd58ee68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "algorithm1n", "algorithmic program1n", "algorithmic rule1n" ; :wordnet "algorithm", "algorithmic program", "algorithmic rule" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Algorithm'' is a ''MathematicalFormula'' that specifies how to solve a mathematical problem in a finite number of steps. This is different from procedures that may take an infinite number of steps. CYC: A specialization of #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing. An instance of #$Algorithm is a particular finite sequence of operations that constitutes an effective, or strictly mechanical, procedure for completing some task, computing some function, or simply performing a number of unrelated operations. Instances of #$ComputerProgram-CWIS use algorithms (see #$programAlgorithms), and some instances of #$Instructions (e.g. some instances of its specializations #$Recipe-CW and #$DirectionsToGetSomewhere), if sufficiently explicit, involve algorithms. An algorithm can be viewed as a specific way of computing a particular instance of #$Function-Denotational, i.e. a way determining the value of the function for any argument in the function's domain (see #$algorithmComputes). COSMO note: Among other things, this type will have as instances the algorithms used to interpolate between points on a curve - important for describing geometrical shapes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'algorithm' in WordNet: 1. algorithm, algorithmic rule, algorithmic program - (a precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalFormula, :MathematicalOrComputationalThing . :Alias :wnsense "alias1n" ; :wordnet "alias" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Alias is a Name that is not the given or legal name of a Person or other entity (such as a state or city). The use of an Alias by a Person is sometimes is taken to imply some intent at deception, but in the technical sense here that is not the case. The purpose of using an Alias may be social and harmless, rather than illegal and malicious. This includes stage names and other names assumed for public figures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alias' in WordNet: 1. alias, assumed name, false name - (a name that has been assumed temporarily) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Name . :Alibi :en "someplace else" ; :wnsense "elsewhere1adv" ; :wordnet "elsewhere" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An unspecified location that is **somewhere other than** some reference location, for some interval of time. This 'location' category serves as the base element for the pointer to the location where something (person, vehicle) is known **not to be** (at some particular time). Being able to assert absence in a particular location does not necessarily mean that the true location of the individual thing is actually known - one may simply look around a room and say 'he's not here'. From Latin 'alibi' = 'elsewhere'. When an instance of Alibi is created, the restrictions require that the ThingAbsent and the PlaceOfAbsence be specified. Usage: {?X isLocatedAt ?ALIBI} means that ?X was someplace other than the TimeAndPlace pointed to by the isSomethingOtherThan relation on the instance of TimeAndPlace that is the ?ALIBI. This Type allows one to express notions such as 'NN wasn't at the (meeting/party/scene of the crime/etc)' Every Alibi must specify exactly where and when an entity was absent, using the relation 'isSomethingOtherThan' and pointing to a TimeAndPlace. This is not the sense of 'alibi' given in WordNet - perhaps should have a different label? Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'elsewhere' in WordNet: 1. (14) elsewhere - (in or to another place; 'he went elsewhere'; 'look elsewhere for the answer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeAndPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSomethingOtherThan ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlaceOfAbsence ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOutsideOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlaceOfAbsence ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ThingAbsent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Alien :en "E.T." ; :guid "bff9c239-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "alien3n", "extraterrestrial1n" ; :wordnet "alien", "extraterrestrial" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of this collection is a creature belonging to a species which did not arise on #$PlanetEarth. See also the more specific #$ExtraterrestrialPerson. For the attribute 'alien' meaning 'of foreign origin' use ''Alienish''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extraterrestrial' in Wordnet: 1. extraterrestrial being, extraterrestrial, alien - (a form of life assumed to exist outside the Earth or its atmosphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterSpace ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ] . :Alienating :wnsense "alien2v", "alienate1v", "disaffect1v", "estrange2v" ; :wordnet "alien", "alienate", "disaffect", "estrange" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alienating'' is an Action which causes some form of ''Friendship'' to end. This Action may be intended to have that effect, or that effect may be unintended. 'alien' is not present as a verb in RHW: omitted as a label. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alienate' in WordNet: 1. (3) estrange, alienate, alien, disaffect - (arouse hostility or indifference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness; 'She alienated her friends when she became fanatically religious') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Breakup, :SocialInteraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Friendship ; owl:onProperty :terminatesState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alienation ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Estranged ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Alienation :wnsense "alienation1n", "disaffection1n", "estrangement2n" ; :wordnet "alienation", "disaffection", "estrangement" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alienation'' is a Feeling of ''Dislike'' of other people that causes a Desire to not associate with them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alienation' in WordNet: 1. (2) alienation, disaffection, estrangement - (the feeling of being alienated from other people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dislike, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alienating ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :Alienish :isTheOppositeOf :Indigenous ; :wnsense "alien2adj", "exotic1adj" ; :wordnet "alien", "exotic" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alienish'' is an attribute of Objects (including People) that are unusual in not occurring naturally in a particular area, and are therefore particularly noticeable (''Salient''). This is similar to but not identical to 'foreign' in the sense of being from another country. There is considerable overlap. Things that are foreign are not necessarily ''Alienish'' in this sense. This is the opposite of ''Indigenous''. (The term ''Alien'' is used for a creature from another planet) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exotic' in WordNet: 1. (2) alien, exotic - (being or from or characteristic of another place or part of the world; 'alien customs'; 'exotic plants in a greenhouse'; 'exotic cuisine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrequencyAttributeValue, :Salient, :Unusual . :AligningObjectsInaRow :wnsense "adjust2v", "align1v", "aline1v", "line up4v" ; :wordnet "adjust", "align", "aline", "line up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (forming a line) of verb sense 1 of 'align' in WordNet: 1. (2) align, aline, line up, adjust - (place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight; \" align the car with the curb \"; \" align the sheets of paper on the table \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reorienting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LineOfObjects ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Alignment :wnsense "alignment2n" ; :wordnet "alignment" ; a :GroupType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Alignment'' is a ''SpatialArangement'' of objects that are in the same straight line, or in parallel lines. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'alignment' in WordNet: 2. (2) alignment - (the spatial property possessed by an arrangement or position of things in a straight line or in parallel lines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialArangement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AligningObjectsInaRow ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Alikeness :wnsense "alikeness1n", "likeness1n", "similitude1n" ; :wordnet "alikeness", "likeness", "similitude" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alikeness'' is a ''Similarity'' (a ''HavingAnAttribute'',a ''Quality'') and a PersistentState in which a ''SimilarityGroup'' of two or more items are 'alike' (strongly similar) in some characteristic(s). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alikeness' in WordNet: 1. likeness, alikeness, similitude - (similarity in appearance or character or nature between persons or things; 'man created God in his own likeness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Similarity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comparable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :AlimentaryCanal :guid "be4c779b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "GI tract1n", "alimentary canal1n", "alimentary tract1n", "digestive tract1n", "digestive tube1n", "gastrointestinal tract1n" ; :wordnet "GI tract", "alimentary canal", "alimentary tract", "digestive tract", "digestive tube", "gastrointestinal tract" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alimentary canal' in WordNet: 1. alimentary canal, alimentary tract, digestive tube, digestive tract, gastrointestinal tract, GI tract - (tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart . :Alioth a :Star . :AliphaticCompound :wnsense "aliphatic compound1n" ; :wordnet "aliphatic compound" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AliphaticCompound'' is an OrganicCompound that has no 'aromatic' ring structures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aliphatic compound' in WordNet: 1. aliphatic compound - (organic compound that is an alkane or alkene or alkyne or their derivative) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound . :Alive :enadj "living" ; :ldoce "alive", "live" ; :wnsense "alive1adj", "live3adj" ; :wordnet "alive", "live" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that an organism or cellular structure is alive (not dead). This is usually meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. See 'AliveDuringInterval' for asserting times using the OWL format. NOTE: 'living' is less often used in this sense. Not in WN. RHW 'living': 1. having life; being alive; not dead: living persons. NOTE that this sense includes being in a fetal or embryonic sage of development, and to exclude that stage the AttributeValue ''FreeLiving'' should be used. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alive' and sense 3 of 'live' in WordNet: 1. (14) alive, live - (possessing life; 'the happiest person alive'; 'the nerve is alive'; 'doctors are working hard to keep him alive'; 'burned alive'; 'a live canary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :Alive2001-2008 a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of being alive from sometime in 2001 to sometime in 2008 - the dates are not exclusive and bracketing - the organism could be alive earlier or later as well. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttribute . :AliveDuring1935-2017 :hasEndingTimePoint ; :hasStartingTimePoint ; a :TimedClassType, :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AliveDuring1935-2017' is the QualitativeAttribute that can be used to assert that an organism was alive between the starting points of 1935 and 2017. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AliveDuringInterval . :AliveDuring1943-2015 :hasEndingTimePoint ; :hasStartingTimePoint ; a :TimedClassType, :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AliveDuring1942-2009' is the QualitativeAttribute that can be used to assert that an organism was alive between the starting points of 1943 and 2015. NOTE that AttributeValues such as this are represented by classes in COSMO (to allow subtypes), but for this specific case it is unclear what kinds of subclasses there may be. @ToDo: can we use instances, or make this sort of AttributeValue 'quantitative' in some sense? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AliveDuringInterval . :AliveDuringInterval :ldoce "alive" ; :wnsense "alive1adj" ; :wordnet "alive" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Using 'AliveDuringInterval' as a vitality attribute allow the inclusion of time limits on an assertion that a particular organism is 'Alive'. To use this, it is necessary to create a new subtype of this type for each such assertion. That subtype can then have beginning and ending times asserted on it. Example: see ''AliveDuring1943-2014''. Tnis is a class. This issue could be alternatively handled using the ''atTime'' relation, with instances (but that may not be any simpler). *@ToDo: try that out. Each subinterval will be a subclass of this type. allowing inference that an assertion on the larger type includes truth on the included type. To use this AttributeValue to represent a linguistic structure, the time interval of the assertion needs to be asserted or implied within the linguistic structure - an implied 'now' can be represented with this AttributeValue, if the actual time of the assertion is known. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :AliveInaFiction a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute 'AliveInaFiction' specifies that an Animal (including people) was alive throughout the period recounted in a work of fiction.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :AliveInaSpiritualRealm a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute 'AliveInaSpiritualRealm' specifies that some Agent (usually a Person or religiousFigure) is considered alive in spiritual world, in some belief system. See e.g. ''Jesus''. If this is applied to a historical person, that person may be ''Dead'' in the real world as well.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :Alkaid a :Star . :AlkaliMetal :wnsense "alkali metal1n", "alkaline metal1n" ; :wordnet "alkali metal", "alkaline metal" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Element that is a metal in the first gtoup of the periodic table of the elements, with valence 1. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alkali metal' in WordNet: 1. alkali metal, alkaline metal - (any of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium); 'the hydroxides of the alkali metals are strongly alkaline') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Metal . :Alkaloid :guid "bd590adf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "alkaloid1n" ; :wordnet "alkaloid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances are pieces of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and usually oxygen, and are often derived from plants. Though poisons, many alkaloids have physiological effects that render them useful as medicines or interesting as narcotics. Some popular and notable alkaloids are curare, altropine, morphine, codeine, cocaine, caffeine, LSD, quinine, serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine. SUMO: A ChemicalBase found in Plants that has physiological and psychological effects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alkaloid' in WordNet: 1. alkaloid - (natural bases containing nitrogen found in plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance, :ChemicallyBasicSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, :PlantProduct . :Alkane :guid "c9dbc332-ecea-41d6-8bbd-dbf9a6d7f355" ; :wnsense "alkane series1n", "alkane1n", "methane series1n", "paraffin series1n", "paraffin2n" ; :wordnet "alkane", "alkane series", "methane series", "paraffin", "paraffin series" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most basic class of Hydrocarbons. Each subcollection of #$Alkane is a type of stuff whose carbon atoms are bonded to four other atoms. Subcollections include #$Methane and #$Propane. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alkane' in WordNet: 1. methane series, alkane series, alkane, paraffin series, paraffin - (a series of non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH(2n+2)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hydrocarbon . :All :ldoce "all" ; :wnsense "all1adj" ; :wordnet "all" ; a :Determiner, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier ; rdfs:comment """This function can be used with an argument in a plural sense (e.g. a PluralThing) to return a Group of entities that include every instance of that PluralThing. This converts an intensional description (a type) into an extensional Group. Not every type in COSMO will have a corresponding plural form to serve as a Group having more than one instance of that type. In languages such as English, the use of a plural form (car -> cars) can serve that purpose. In COSMO to take a type in the singular form and return a Group of all instances of that type, use 'Every'. The effect is identical, only the linguistic expression is different. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'all' in WordNet: 1. (249) all - (quantifier; used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class; 'we sat up all night'; 'ate all the food'; 'all men are mortal'; 'all parties are welcome') """ . :All-American :en "all-American" ; :enadj "all-American" ; :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute :Good ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''All-American'' is used as a title for the championship in some contest - usually sports - awarded each year for teams in the USA. RHW adj 'all-American': 3. selected as the best in the United States, as in a sport: the all-American college football team of 1983. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Best . :All-Out :wnsense "all-out1adj", "full-scale1adj" ; :wordnet "all-out", "full-scale" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''All-Out'' is a subAttribute of Actions in which the Actor does not withhold any physical or mental resource to accomplish the intended goal. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'all-out' in Wordnet: 1. all-out, full-scale - (using all available resources; 'all-out war'; 'a full-scale campaign against nuclear power plants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energetic . :All-Star :en "all-star" ; :enadj "all-star" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'All-Star' is an attribute of a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a 'star' performer in some Activity. RHW adj 'all-star': 1. consisting of athletes chosen as the best at their positions from all teams in a league or region: Our quarterback was chosen for the all-star team. 2. consisting entirely of star performers: an all-star cast. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TheBest . :All-Time :wnsense "all-time1adj" ; :wordnet "all-time" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'All-Time' is an attribute of a thing that has the maximum of some quality observed at all times up to the time at which the assertion is made. When immediately followed by an adjective it could be viewed as an adverbial modifier, but in such cases the adjective is usually followed by a noun so the thing modified by 'all-time' can be vired as the class of things that are each instances of the sdjective-noun combination: in 'among the all-time great lefthanders' the thing modified by 'all-tmime' is the 'great lefthanders'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'all-time' in Wordnet: 1. (1) all-time - (unsurpassed in some respect up to the present; 'prices at an all-time high'; 'morale at an all-time low'; 'among the all-time great lefthanders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TheBest . :AllCourseGrades :en "all course grades" ; :enn "all course grades" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AllCourseGrades'' is a ''Group'' of ''CourseGrades'' received by a ''Student'' during some ''SchoolSession''. A 'Student'' rank at graduation usually depend on the average of this Group (''AverageCourseGrade''). NOTE: the relation 'ableToAffect' is used to relate this to the ''AverageCourseGrade'' but that relation should be more explicit. Perfhaps a 'isaFactorIn' or 'isaConsiderationIn'?? Needs consideration. See ''Consideration'' ''isUsedAsaResourceIn'' 'Deciding'' @@ToDo """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CourseGrade ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AverageCourseGrade ; owl:onProperty :ableToAffect ] . :AllLegs :en "all legs", "all the legs on an animal" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AllLegs'' is a ''ObjectGroup'' composed of all of the ''Leg''s on some animal; the number of legs depends on the number that a typical member of that species would have - two for people, for for dogs, six for insects., eight for spiders, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Leg ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimalType ] . :AllReligionsAreWorthy :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_All_religions_are_worthy ; :hasTopic :ENG_All_religions_are_worthy ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :All_men_are_created_equal :hasComponentElement :WORD_All, :WORD_are, :WORD_created, :WORD_equal, :WORD_men ; :hasStringRepresentation "All men are created equal."^^xsd:string ; :wasAuthoredBy :ThomasJefferson ; a :Phrase . :Allegation :wnsense "allegation2n", "allegement1n" ; :wordnet "allegation", "allegement" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Allegation'' is an unproven 'Claim' (a 'LinguisticAssertion') about some kind of wrongdoing by some Person or Organization, that may have some basis in evidence that the claimant is prepared to present, but is not considered as proven. Not an off-hand claim. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'allegation' in WordNet: 2. (1) allegation, allegement - (statements affirming or denying certain matters of fact that you are prepared to prove) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Claim, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossiblyTrue ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alleging ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Alleged :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Alleging ; :wnsense "alleged1adj" ; :wordnet "alleged" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alleged'' is the attribute of an Assertion something that is the *object (*patient) of an ''Alleging'' action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alleged' in WordNet: 1. (3) alleged - (declared but not proved; 'alleged abuses of housing benefits'- Wall Street Journal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Allegedly :en "it is alleged", "it was said" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Alleged ; :wnsense "allegedly1adv" ; :wordnet "allegedly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Allegedly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Assertion and asserts that the assertion was alleged (asserted) by someone other than the speaker, who does not assert the truth or falsity of the Assertion'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'allegedly' in WordNet: 1. allegedly - (according to what has been alleged; 'he was on trial for allegedly murdering his wife') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Allegiance :wnsense "allegiance2n", "fealty1n" ; :wordnet "allegiance", "fealty" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Allegiance'' is a ''Loyalty'' directed at some ''Organization'' or ''Country''. Corresponds approximately (is broader than) to noun sense 2 of 'allegiance' in WordNet: 2. allegiance, fealty - (the loyalty that citizens owe to their country (or subjects to their sovereign)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Loyalty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :Country ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrganizationMember :Citizen ) ] ] . :Alleging :wnsense "allege1v" ; :wordnet "allege" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alleging is a ''Claiming'' that asserts something bad about a person or Group of people, but does not present proof of the assertion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'allege' in WordNet: 1. (5) allege, aver, say - (report or maintain; 'He alleged that he was the victim of a crime'; 'He said it was too late to intervene in the war'; 'The registrar says that I owe the school money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Claiming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Allegation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Allergen :wnsense "allergen1n" ; :wordnet "allergen" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Allergen' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that can cause an 'AllergicReaction' in some animal, mostly relevant to human medicine. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'allergen' in WordNet (but see note under 'AllergicReaction' about the lack of distinction in WN between 'allergy' and 'allergic reaction': in WordNet: 1. allergen - (any substance that can cause an allergy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :AllergicReaction ] . :Allergic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Allergy ; :pertainsTo :Allergen, :AllergicReaction, :Allergy ; :wnsense "allergic2adj", "hypersensitised1adj", "hypersensitive1adj", "hypersensitized1adj", "sensitised1adj", "sensitized1adj", "supersensitised1adj", "supersensitive1adj", "supersensitized1adj" ; :wordnet "allergic", "hypersensitised", "hypersensitive", "hypersensitized", "sensitised", "sensitized", "supersensitised", "supersensitive", "supersensitized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Allergic'' is the attribute of a Person (or other animal) who, when exposed to some ''Allergen'' undergoes an ''AllergicReaction''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'allergic' in Wordnet: 2. allergic, hypersensitive, hypersensitized, hypersensitised, sensitized, sensitised, supersensitive, supersensitized, supersensitised - (having an allergy or peculiar or excessive susceptibility (especially to a specific factor); 'allergic children'; 'hypersensitive to pollen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AllergicReaction :guid "c0fd6b2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "allergic reaction1n", "allergy1n" ; :wordnet "allergic reaction", "allergy" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """From CYC: A collection of dynamic, physiological states. An instance of #$AllergicReaction is an event in which an organism which is exposed to a particular substance (e.g., pollen, mold) develops some abnormality or impairment of its physiological condition as a result of interacting with the substance. Allergic reactions to some types of substances occur widely in members of a species; e.g., #$PoisonIvyPoisoning in humans. But other allergic reactions affect only a small proportion of a species, such as human allergies to penicillin. This concept is the collection of events in which allergic reactions are 'taking place', not abstract unrealized potential situations such as 'John is allergic to milk.' I.e., if John were allergic to milk, and he drank some, and then proceeded to have a whopping bad allergic reaction, that latter event would be an instance of #$AllergicReaction. RHW (but not WN) distinguishes the persistent state of bweing allergic (having an allergy) from the actual reaction to an allergen: 1. an abnormal reaction of the body to a previously encountered allergen introduced by inhalation, ingestion, injection, or skin contact, often manifested by itchy eyes, runny nose, wheezing, skin rash, or diarrhea. 2. hypersensitivity to the reintroduction of an allergen. Cf. anaphylaxis. For sense 2 (the persistent condition) use 'Allergy' WordNet mixes the reaction to an allergen to the condition of being allergic: in WordNet: 1. allergy, allergic reaction - (hypersensitivity reaction to a particular allergen; symptoms can vary greatly in intensity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition . :Allergical :pertainsTo :Allergen, :AllergicReaction ; :wnsense "allergic1adj" ; :wordnet "allergic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Allergical'' refers to allergies, an ''AllergicReaction'', an 'Allergen'' the 'allergic system' and things related to those. NOTE: the term 'Allergical' is used to reserve the term 'Allergic' for the attribute of people who have allergies to certain things. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'allergic' in Wordnet: 1. allergic - (characterized by or caused by allergy; 'an allergic reaction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Allergist :guid "c0fde26b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "allergist1n" ; :wordnet "allergist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Allergist'' is a doctor who specializes in the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of allergies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'allergist' in WordNet: 1. allergist - (a physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Allergy ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AllergicReaction ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Allergy :wnsense "allergy1n" ; :wordnet "allergy" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this Condition is an Event, with a starting and ending time. NOTE that this is the PhysiologicalCOndition of **being sensitive** to some allergen(s). The reaction of a person with allergies to the allergen is represented as 'AllergicReaction'. The WN sense can be clearly distinguished from Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'allergy' in WordNet: 1. allergy, allergic reaction - (hypersensitivity reaction to a particular allergen; symptoms can vary greatly in intensity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Allergic ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Alley :wnsense "alley1n" ; :wordnet "alley" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A a relatively short, narrow street. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alley' in Wordnet: 1. (1) alley, alleyway, back street - (a narrow street with walls on both sides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Street, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AlleyCat :wnsense "alley cat1n", "stray1n" ; :wordnet "alley cat", "stray" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AlleyCat'' is any ''Cat'' that does not have a residence in some human-ocupied struture (including barns and places of business). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alley cat' in WordNet: 1. (1) alley cat, stray - (homeless cat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Feral ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Allied :isAnAttributeValueOf :Ally ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :AgreeingEvent ; :wnsense "allied4adj", "allied5adj", "confederate2adj", "confederative1adj" ; :wordnet "allied", "confederate", "confederative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Allied'' is the attribute of two or more IntelligentAgents (People, Organizations,Nations) that have some form of agreement to work together toward a common goal. The ''Working Together'' may be contingent on specific conditions or events (e.g. allied nations coming to each other's defense if attacked). This differs from ''collaborating''in that the working together does not have to be in a manner where the efforts of two or more parties each contribute to some accomplishment. No specific anticipated 'output' is necessary to be ''Allied''. Includes adjective senses 4 and 5 of 'allied' in Wordnet: 4. allied, confederate, confederative - (united in a confederacy or league) 5. allied - (joined by treaty or agreement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreed, :Friendly . :Alligator :guid "bd58c77d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "alligator2n" ; :wordnet "alligator" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all alligators; a subset of #$Crocodilian. #$Alligator includes all the American Alligators and South American Caimans; it does NOT include crocodiles proper. The collection #$Alligator constitutes a biological suborder of the #$Crocodilians. Cf. #$Crocodile. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'alligator' in WordNet: 2. (1) alligator, gator - (either of two amphibious reptiles related to crocodiles but with shorter broader snouts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crocodilian . :Allocating :en "allocating", "apportioning" ; :wnsense "allocate1v", "allocation2n", "allotment2n", "apportion1v", "apportioning1n", "apportionment1n", "assignation1n", "parceling1n", "parcelling1n" ; :wordnet "allocate", "allocation", "allotment", "apportion", "apportioning", "apportionment", "assignation", "parceling", "parcelling" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Allocating'' is a subtype of 'DistributingObjects' in which an Agent distributes some 'portion' of an Object (which may be abstract such as a ''Right'') to two or more other Agents. The difference between this and the sister node ''Allotting'' is that this type should be used for ''DistributingObjects'' that occurs on more than one occasion, according to some plan of dstribution, or at some time in the future, not the single immediate action. This should not be used for an distribution that occurs once at the time of allocating. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'allocate' in WordNet: 1. (6) allocate, apportion - (distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose; 'I am allocating a loaf of bread to everyone on a daily basis'; 'I'm allocating the rations for the camping trip') WN noun 'allocation': 2. (1) allotment, apportionment, apportioning, allocation, parceling, parcelling, assignation - (the act of distributing by allotting or apportioning; distribution according to a plan; 'the apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives is based on the relative population of each state') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DistributingObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Allocation ] . :Allocation :wnsense "allocation1n", "allotment1n" ; :wordnet "allocation", "allotment" ; a :RightType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Allocation'' is a ''Share'' of something distributed to and received by an Agent in an ''Allocating'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'allocation' in WordNet: 1. (1) allotment, allocation - (a share set aside for a specific purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Share, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Allocating ] . :Allotting :en "allotting", "assigning", "portion out", "portioning out" ; :wnsense "allot1v", "assign2v", "portion1v" ; :wordnet "allot", "assign", "portion" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Allotting'' is a subtype of 'DistributingObjects' in which an Agent distributes some 'portion' of an Object (which may be abstract such as a ''Right'') to two or more other Agents. The difference between this and the parent type is unclear from the WN gloss, so this type should be reserved for abstract objects such as a ''Right'' (including the right to occupy some location). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'allot' in WordNet: 1. (6) assign, allot, portion - (give out or allot; 'We were assigned new uniforms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DistributingObjects . :Allowance :wnsense "allowance1n" ; :wordnet "allowance" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Allowance'' is a quantity of money (in any currency) given to some individual, either regularly at time intervals (a child's allowance from parents) or specifically as a reimbursement for some specific expenses, or for more than one category of expenses. A 'per diem' travel allowance is one subcategory. A non-monetary 'allowance' is not included here, and if needed would be a parent type of type 'ValuableThing' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'allowance' in Wordnet: 1. (2) allowance - (an amount allowed or granted (as during a given period); 'travel allowance'; 'my weekly allowance of two eggs'; 'a child's allowance should not be too generous') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ] . :Alloy :SUMO "Alloy" ; :en "metal alloy" ; :enn "metal alloy" ; :guid "bd58cc8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "alloy1n" ; :wordnet "alloy" ; a :MetalType, :MixtureType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Alloy is a Metal consisting primarily of metallic elements and having at least two constituent substances. Cyc: A collection of tangible stuffs; a subcollection of #$Metal. Each instance of #$MetalAlloy is a metallic stuff which is a homogeneous blend of at least one part of #$UnalloyedMetal with at least one other substance. #$MetalAlloy is not a subcollection of #$Mixture, because each instance of #$MetalAlloy is defined not only by the amounts and kinds of its #$constituents, but also (unlike a mixture) by the internal structures formed during its creation. Furthermore, the creation process is typically more complex than #$Mixing. Common metal alloys include the instances of #$Bronze-Stuff, #$Brass, and #$Steel. Note that #$GalvanizedMetal is _not_ a subcollection of #$MetalAlloy, because every instance of #$GalvanizedMetal has a coating of some #$Zinc on its surface, and thus (unlike an alloy) the components of galvanized metals are not homogenously distributed throughout. SUMO: A Mixture of two or more Metals, and possibly nonmetallic elements as well. For example, steel is an alloy containing iron and manganese. COSMO note: In COSMO an Alloy does not have to have two metals, the second component can be a non-metal, as in some types of steel, which have carbon as the second component. Steel does not have to contain manganese. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alloy' in WordNet: 1. alloy, metal - (a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten; 'brass is an alloy of zinc and copper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Metal, :Mixture, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ] . :Alluding :eng "alluding" ; :wnsense "allude1v" ; :wordnet "allude" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Alluding'' is a ''StatingSomething'' *indirectly* by ''Hinting'' at some Topic. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'allude' in WordNet: 1. allude, touch, advert - (make a more or less disguised reference to; 'He alluded to the problem but did not mention it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hinting, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indirect ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Allusion :wnsense "allusion1n" ; :wordnet "allusion" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reference'' is an *indirect* ''Mention'' produced by an ''Alluding'' remark. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'allusion' in WordNet: 1. (7) allusion - (passing reference or indirect mention) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indirect ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alluding ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Ally :wnsense "ally1n", "ally2n" ; :wordnet "ally" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'An ''Ally'' is an IntelligentAgent that is a member of some ''Coalition'' (syn. 'alliance'). Includes nations and individual people. Members of a ''Coalition'' are Allies,and are 'Friendly'' (to some degree and in some circumstances) to each other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ally' in WordNet: 1. (3) ally - (a friendly nation) 2. (1) ally, friend - (an associate who provides assistance; 'he's a good ally in fight'; 'they were friends of the workers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartyInRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFriendOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ally ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Coalition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Friendly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Almanac :wnsense "almanac1n", "almanac2n" ; :wordnet "almanac" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Almanac'' is a ''Yearbook'' published annually with information about Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'almanac' in WordNet (should be differentiated): in WordNet: 1. almanac, farmer's calendar -- (an annual publication including weather forecasts and other miscellaneous information arranged according to the calendar of a given year) 2. almanac - (an annual publication containing tabular information in a particular field or fields arranged according to the calendar of a given year) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Yearbook . :Almond :wnsense "almond2n" ; :wordnet "almond" ; a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the whole Almond, including the shell. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the ''Almond'' including the shell, and the edible Kernel. This is the edibe portion without the shell. Corresponds to part (for the inner edible Kernel) noun sense 2 of 'almond' in WordNet: 2. almond - (oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :MarbleSizedObject, :Nut-TheFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elliptical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlmondTree ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlmondTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ] . :AlmondKernel :wnsense "almond2n" ; :wordnet "almond" ; a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the soft inner edible part of a ''Almond'', excluding the shell. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the ''Almond'' including the shell, and the edible Kernel. This is the edibe portion without the shell. Corresponds to part (for the inner edible Kernel) noun sense 2 of 'almond' in WordNet: 2. almond - (oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleNut, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Almond ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elliptical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ] . :AlmondTree :wnsense "Amygdalus communis1n", "Prunus amygdalus1n", "Prunus dulcis1n", "almond1n", "sweet almond1n" ; :wordnet "Amygdalus communis", "Prunus amygdalus", "Prunus dulcis", "almond", "sweet almond" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A tree producing ''Almond''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'almond' in WordNet: 1. almond, sweet almond, Prunus dulcis, Prunus amygdalus, Amygdalus communis - (small bushy deciduous tree native to Asia and North Africa having pretty pink blossoms and highly prized edible nuts enclosed in a hard green hull; cultivated in southern Australia and California) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NutTree . :Aloft :wnsense "aloft3adj" ; :wordnet "aloft" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''aloft'' is being''Airborne'' at a substantial height. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'aloft' in Wordnet: 3. aloft - (at or to great height; high up in or into the air; 'eagles were soaring aloft'; 'dust is whirled aloft') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Airborne . :Alone :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Solitude ; :ldoce "alone" ; :wnsense "alone1adj" ; :wordnet "alone" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is either not in the company of other people, or who is executing an action without the help of another person (i.e. 'by oneself' - see 'independently'). This can be expressed linguistically as an adverb. Someone who is ''Alone'' is in the state of ''Solitude''. For the attribute of a person feeling loney, use 'Lonely'. NOTE that the sense of 'lonely' is not part of this sense (see 'Solitude'). Also the sense of 'exclusively' for an object ('she wanted only a blue car') is not included. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alone' in WordNet: 1. (4) alone, lone, lonely, solitary - (lacking companions or companionship; 'he was alone when we met him'; 'she is alone much of the time'; 'the lone skier on the mountain'; 'a lonely fisherman stood on a tuft of gravel'; 'a lonely soul'; 'a solitary traveler') WN This is approximately the same as WordNet adj sense 1: WN in WordNet: 1. (26) alone - (isolated from others; \"could be alone in a crowded room\"; \"was alone with her thoughts\"; \"I want to be alone\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Isolated . :Along :guid "c0cf79a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "along" ; :wnsense "along1adv" ; :wordnet "along" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'Along' can take a value of a Path, Object, or CourseOverGround and return a CourseOverGround. To say that someone 'walked along the fence' is to specify a course of motion, and the LogicalFunction 'Along' can be used for that purpose. This is similar in meaning to 'alongside'. NOTE that the Course that is returned need not be a direction of motion, but can be a location for some objec(s) distributed along a linear object or path (flowers strewn along his path'). Similar to Cyc 'alongObject' Cyc comment: (#$alongObject MOVE OBJ) means that the general direction of movement in MOVE - for instance, the direction followed by the thing in the #$primaryObjectMoving slot, if there is one - follows the direction of OBJ. It need not be the case that OBJ is in physical contact with the objects or masses moving in MOVE. Includes adverb sense 5 of 'along' in WordNet (also represented by 'isParallelTo'): in WordNet: 5. along - (in line with a length or direction (often followed by 'by' or 'beside'); 'pass the word along'; 'ran along beside me'; 'cottages along by the river') """ . :AlongAnObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AlongAnObject'' is a ''Path-Spatial'' that follows an Object that has some part that is long relative to width, such as a Bridge or Roadway. This can characterize a of direction of movement that is represented as a Path, plus a polarity of movement along that path. This is more general than 'alongside' - 'he drove along the river'. It specifies a direction of movement that is parallel to some object, but cannot beconsidered as a ''DiretionMeasure'' which is an AttributeValue, as this 'path' is an Object. . For COSMO this sense is restricted to a Path that represents a direction of movement on the ground. NOTE that this 'DirectionMeasure' can be used to represent a changing direction over some interval of time. In that case, the moving object could be a TimeSlice. If higher-arity relations are allowed, the word 'along' could serve as a function - see 'Along'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Spatial . :Aloof :wnsense "aloof1adj", "distant3adj", "upstage2adj" ; :wordnet "aloof", "distant", "upstage" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Aloof'' is a subattribute of 'Separate' applying to people who intentionally maintain some kind of psyhological or social distance from others in a group of people, sometimes reflectied in a tendency to physically stand apart from others in the group. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aloof' in Wordnet: 1. (1) aloof, distant, upstage - (remote in manner; 'stood apart with aloof dignity'; 'a distant smile'; 'he was upstage with strangers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Separate . :AlotOf :en "a heap of", "a lot of", "a slew of", "abundance of", "gobs of", "good deal of", "heaps of", "loads of", "lots of", "more than enough of", "mountain of", "piles of", "plenty of", "scads of", "scores of" ; :ldoce "lot", "plenty" ; :wnsense "abundance1n", "lot1n", "lots1n", "plenty1adj", "plenty1n" ; :wordnet "abundance", "lot", "lots", "plenty" ; a :FunctionalAttributeValue, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'AlotOf' is a verbal quantifier that expresses the notion that the quantity of some uncountable material is more than 'Little'. See also the type (class) 'LotOfThings', a Group that can also be used to represent the phrase 'a lot'. The phrase 'plenty of' is also represented by this type, and can be used for both uncountable stuff and countable things. See also 'PlentyOfThings', and the approximate opposite 'Few'. This is an AttributeValue. For the state in which there are many of some kind of object, use ''Abundance''. For the sense relating to countable entities, as in 'a lot of people' use 'Many'. See also 'LotOfThings' for a related sense (@ToDo: relation?) Includes related 'abundance': 1. (2) abundance, copiousness, teemingness - (the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply; 'an age of abundance') Includes noun sense 1 and adjective sense 1 of 'plenty' and noun sense 1 of 'lot' and noun sense 1 of 'lots' in WordNet: WN noun 'plenty' 1. (13) plenty, plentifulness, plenteousness, plenitude, plentitude - (a full supply; 'there was plenty of food for everyone') WN adjective 'Plenty' 1. (6) enough, plenty - (as much as necessary; 'Have I eaten enough?'; ('plenty' is nonstandard) 'I've had plenty, thanks') WN noun 'lot': 1. (564) batch, deal, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap, lot, mass, mess, mickle, mint, muckle, peck, pile, plenty, pot, quite a little, raft, sight, slew, spate, stack, tidy sum, wad, whole lot, whole slew - ((often followed by 'of') a large number or amount or extent; 'a batch of letters'; 'a deal of trouble'; 'a lot of money'; 'he made a mint on the stock market'; 'it must have cost plenty') WN 'lots': 1. (10) tons, dozens, heaps, lots, mountain, piles, scores, stacks, loads, rafts, slews, wads, oodles, gobs, scads, lashings - (a large number or amount; 'made lots of new friends'; 'she amassed a mountain of newspapers') """ . :Aloud :ldoce "aloud" ; :wnsense "aloud1adv" ; :wordnet "aloud" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'Aloud' is an adverbial function that modifies a 'Talking' event, to indicate that the speaking was performed in a voice sufficiently audible so that people several feet away could hear and understand the words. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'aloud' in WordNet: 1. (10) aloud, out loud - (using the voice; not silently; 'please read the passage aloud'; 'he laughed out loud') """ . :Alpaca :wnsense "Lama pacos1n", "alpaca3n" ; :wordnet "Lama pacos", "alpaca" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'alpaca' in WordNet: 3. alpaca, Lama pacos - (domesticated llama with long silky fleece; believed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Llama . :AlpacaWool :wnsense "alpaca1n" ; :wordnet "alpaca" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wool from an ''Alpaca''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alpaca' in WordNet: 1. alpaca - (wool of the alpaca) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alpaca ; owl:onProperty :isObtainedFrom ] . :Alpha :wnsense "alpha1adj", "alpha2adj" ; :wordnet "alpha" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alpha'' is an AttributeValue used as a metaphorical subattribute of 'first' and also used to mean 'earliest' (first in temporal order). These senses may be distinguishable, if compound terms like 'alpha version' are not explicitly represented. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'alpha' in Wordnet: 1. alpha - (first in order of importance; 'the alpha male in the group of chimpanzees'; 'the alpha star in a constellation is the brightest or main star') 2. alpha - (early testing stage of a software or hardware product; 'alpha version') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AlphaRadiation :wnsense "alpha radiation1n" ; :wordnet "alpha radiation" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AlphaRadiation'' is an ''IonizingRadiation''in which ''AlphaRay''s pass through some region of space or PhysicalObject.. This is the radiation viewed as an Event. For one Helium nucleus in such radiation, use ''AlphaRay''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'alpha ray' in WordNet: 1. alpha radiation, alpha ray - (the radiation of alpha particles during radioactive decay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IonizingRadiation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlphaRay ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :AlphaRay :wnsense "alpha ray1n" ; :wordnet "alpha ray" ; a :EmittableThingType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A helium-4 nucleus emitted from a radioactive material. In essence, this is a ''Role'' played by a ''HeliumNuleus'' when emitted as a particle in nuclear decay. This is one Helium nucleus in ''AlphaRadiation.. For the radiation use ''AlphaRadiation'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'alpha ray' in WordNet: 1. alpha radiation, alpha ray - (the radiation of alpha particles during radioactive decay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeliumNucleus, :Role . :Alphabet :ldoce "alphabet" ; :wnsense "alphabet1n" ; :wordnet "alphabet" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Alphabet is a group of AbstractSymbols that is used to encode the words of a language. This is restricted to letters that have some phonetic value, not to ideograms such as Chinese characters or non-phonetic types of hieroglyphs. Any symbol that is used for its phonetic value may be considered as a part of an 'Alphabet', including syllabic components. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alphabet' in WordNet: 1. alphabet - (a character set that includes letters and is used to write a language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AlphabeticalCharacter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :AlphabeticalCharacter :en "alphabetical character" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AlphabeticalCharacter is an AbstractCharacter that is one of the symbols contained in some linguistic alphabet. In information processing systems, any sequence of bits having the proper length for use in strings (e.g., seven bits or eight bits or sixteen bits) can represent an AlphabeticalCharacter, but the characters should be unique regardless of their representation. For the more specific character of some natural language alphabet use subtype ''LetterOfTheAlphabet''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Alphabet ] . :AlphabeticallyOrdered :wnsense "alphabetic2adj", "alphabetical2adj" ; :wordnet "alphabetic", "alphabetical" ; a :OrderingRelation ; rdfs:comment """To be ''AlphabeticallyOrdered'' is an ordering for Strings in which the strigs are ordered by the sequence of the first characters in each string, deending on the order of each character in the relevant alphabet.. Corresponds to adkective sense 2 of 'alphabetical' in WordNet: 2. alphabetic, alphabetical - (arranged in order according to the alphabet; 'an alphabetic arrangement'; 'dictionaries list words in alphabetical order') """ . :Alpine :en "alpine" ; :enadj "alpine" ; :pertainsTo :Alps ; :wnsense "Alpine2adj" ; :wordnet "Alpine" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alpine'' characterizes not only the ''Alps'' themselves, but things associated with the ''Alps'' such as similar heights, 'Alpine meadows', and customs and manners of people living in the Alps. To be ''Alpine'' is not necesarily to be located in the Alps, but at least to be similar. NOTE: 'alpine' is used in lower case when not referring directy to the mountain range itself. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Alpine' in Wordnet: 2. Alpine - (relating to the Alps and their inhabitants; 'Alpine countries, Switzerland, Italy, France, and Germany') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Alps :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; :wnsense "Alps1n", "the Alps1n" ; :wordnet "Alps", "the Alps" ; a :MountainRange ; rdfs:comment """Includes parts in Switzerland, Austria, France, and Italy and small extensions in other bordering countries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Alps' in WordNet: 1. Alps, the Alps - (a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction) """ . :Already :ldoce "already" ; :wnsense "already1adv" ; :wordnet "already" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'Already' is an adverbial function that modifies an event, to indicate that the event occurred in the past relative to the time of speaking. This has a similar effect as specifying a time, but the time is indexed with respect to some other time or event mentioned in the discourse. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'already' in WordNet: 1. (107) already - (prior to a specified or implied time; 'she has already graduated') """ . :Alt_29029Feet :hasQuantifier :N_29029 ; :hasUnit :feet ; a :AltitudeValue . :Altar :wnsense "Lord's table1n", "altar1n", "communion table1n" ; :wordnet "Lord's table", "altar", "communion table" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'altar' in christian churches. Until recently, the communion host was consecrated there - lately it may be consecrated with the priest facing the congregation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'altar' in WordNet: 1. altar, communion table, Lord's table - (the table in Christian churches where communion is given) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Table-Furniture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChurchBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :Altered :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Altering ; :wnsense "altered1adj" ; :wordnet "altered" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'altered' in Wordnet: 1. (1) altered - (changed in form or character without becoming something else; 'the altered policy promised success'; 'following an altered course we soon found ourselves back in civilization'; 'he looked...with clouded eyes and with an altered manner of breathing'- Charles Dickens) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Altering :wnsense "adjust1n", "adjustment2n", "alter1v", "alteration2n", "change2v", "modification1n", "modify3v" ; :wordnet "adjust", "adjustment", "alter", "alteration", "change", "modification", "modify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Altering'' is a 'Modification' action in which some attribute of an Object (Physical or Abstract) is changed by an agent without changing the identity of the Object. This is the transitive sense. Corresponds to part (for physical objects) of verb sense 1 of 'alter' and noun sense 2 of 'alteration' in WordNet: 1. (26) change, alter, modify - (cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; 'The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city'; 'The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue') WN noun 'adjustment': 2. (3) alteration, modification, adjustment - (the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)) WN noun 'change': 3. (17) change - (the action of changing something; 'the change of government had no impact on the economy'; 'his change on abortion cost him the election') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evaluating ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ; owl:someValuesFrom :Adjustment ] . :Alternately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Alternating ; :wnsense "alternately1adv" ; :wordnet "alternately" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alternately'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'alternately' in Wordnet: 1. (3) alternately - (in an alternating sequence or position; 'They were deglycerolized by alternately centrifuging and mixing'; 'he planted fir and pine trees alternately') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Alternating :isAnAttributeValueOf :AlternatingCurrent, :SingleDoerAction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Alternation ; :isTheOppositeOf :Multilateral ; :wnsense "alternate3adj", "alternating2adj" ; :wordnet "alternate", "alternating" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alternating'' is the property something that is undergoing an ''Alternation'' Action.. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'alternating' in Wordnet: 2. alternate, alternating - (occurring by turns; first one and then the other; 'alternating feelings of love and hate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AlternatingCurrent :wnsense "AC2n", "alternating current1n" ; :wordnet "AC", "alternating current" ; a :EmittableThingType, :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AlternatingCurrent'' is an ''ElectricCurrent'' in which the flow of electrons aternates between the two directions of a circuit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alternating current' in WordNet: 1. alternating current, AC - (an electric current that reverses direction sinusoidally; 'In the US most household current is AC at 60 cycles per second') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricCurrent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alternating ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Alternation :wnsense "alternate1v", "jump15v" ; :wordnet "alternate", "jump" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Alternating'' is any series of ''Cycle''s in each of which something (an object, attribute, or state) changes some attribute or location from one value to another, and then in th next ''Cycle' changes first back the first value, followed by another change to the second value.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'alternate' in WordNet: 1. (3) alternate, jump - (go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :CyclicEventSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cycle ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Alternative :guid "c0f2b5fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "alternative1adj" ; :wordnet "alternative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type has been reinterpreted as a QualitativeAttributeValue. This is the attribute of something (an 'AlternateThing', which see) that is an alternative to something else, i.e. may be chosen instead of something else. This does **not** imply mutual exclusivity. This differs from the CYC meaning: Cyc: The collection of all things that do not have mass appeal, which are viewed as alternatives to things with mass appeal. Approximately corresponds to noun adjective sense 1 of 'alternative' in WordNet: 1. (4) alternate, alternative - (allowing a choice; 'an alternative plan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AlternativeAction :ldoce "possibility" ; :wnsense "alternative1n", "choice3n", "opening8n", "option2n", "possibility4n", "possible action1n" ; :wordnet "alternative", "choice", "opening", "option", "possibility", "possible action" ; a :ActionType, :FutureSituationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AlternativeAction' is a PossibleFutureSituation (an Action) that has not yet happened, but is considered as one 'possible' Action (having a Probability greater than 0) that an agent might take in a given situation (i.e. it is one 'option' available). This will usually be one of several actions in a 'Options' Group. The numerical value of the likelihood is usually unspecified, and this type is usually used only to list the options for Action in a given situation. In the given example, 'bankruptcy' is the alternative of filing for bankruptcy, or being the principle in a bankruptcy proceeding, an Action. 'They narrowed their vacation possibilities to France and Germany'. In representing one 'AlternativeAction' the restriction requires that at least one other 'AlternativeAction' be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'possibility' and noun sense 2 of 'option' in WordNet: 4. (6) possibility, possible action, opening - (a possible alternative; 'bankruptcy is always a possibility') WN noun 'option' 2. option, alternative, choice - (one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; 'what option did I have?'; 'there is no other alternative'; 'my only choice is to refuse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :AlternativeThing, :PossibleFutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedAsanAlternativeTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :AlternativeMedicine :wnsense "alternative medicine1n" ; :wordnet "alternative medicine" ; a :OccupationType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A branch of Medicine that does not follow the AMA approved Western Medicine practice taught in Medical Schools of careful testing of procdures to be assured of their safety and effectiveness, and publishing the results in peer-reviewed journals. For the ''ServiceEvent''s of Chiropractic and Acupuncture see those entries. The branch of Medicine *could* be subtypes 'ChiropracticMedicine' and 'AcupunctureMedicine' but those are not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alternative medicine' in WordNet: 1. alternative medicine - (the practice of medicine without the use of drugs; may involve herbal medicines or self-awareness or biofeedback or acupuncture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine . :AlternativeMedicinePractitioner :en "alternative medicine practitioner" ; :enn "alternative medicine practitioner" ; :guid "bfd6b6e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OccupationType, :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$HealthProfessionals who are practitioners of #$AlternativeMedicine. This collection is not coextensive with the collection of all #$HealthProfessionals who provide services that are instances of #$AlternativeMedicineHealthCareEvent because some practitioners act as teachers of a self-care skill, such as #$AlexanderTechnique and #$Qigong.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HealthProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlternativeMedicine ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :AlternativePair a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pair of AlternativeThings, related by the 'hasAlternative' relation. They may be of any type: object, event, attribute, substance, etc. The first element will typically be the preferred choice, if there are differences in preference or utility. The second element may be a 'substitute'. When instantiating alternatives, the types 'PreferredThing' or 'SubstituteThing' should be declared. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreferredThing ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SubstituteThing ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :AlternativeThing :ldoce "choice", "option" ; :wnsense "alternative1n", "choice3n", "option2n" ; :wordnet "alternative", "choice", "option" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AlternativeThing' is any Thing (object, action, substance, attribute) that is one of two or more that might be chosen in a 'Choosing' situation. The thing selected is a 'Choice'. Every 'AlternativeThing' has the attribute 'alternative' 'what are my alternatives?'; @ToDo: need also a list of alternatives, for when there are more than two. @ToDo: the relation to a 'Choosing' situation should be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alternative', sense 2 of 'option' and sense 3 of 'choice' in WordNet: 1. (16) option, alternative, choice - (one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; 'what option did I have?'; 'there no other alternative'; 'my only choice is to refuse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquivalentThing, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alternative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Choosing ; owl:onProperty :wasTheDirectObjectOf ] . :Alternatively :ldoce "instead" ; :wnsense "alternatively1adv", "as an alternative1adv", "instead1adv", "instead2adv", "or else1adv", "rather1adv" ; :wordnet "alternatively", "as an alternative", "instead", "or else", "rather" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Alternatively'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions indicate that the Action is or could be performed 'as an alternative to' some other Action. This may be prefixed to a sentence, or at the end of a sentence, or between two related sentences. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'alternatively' in Wordnet: 1. (1) alternatively, as an alternative, instead, or else - (in place of, or as an alternative to; 'Felix became a herpetologist instead'; 'alternatively we could buy a used car') WN adverb 'instead': 2. (23) rather, instead - (on the contrary; 'rather than disappoint the children, he did two quick tricks before he left'; 'he didn't call; rather (or instead), he wrote her a letter'; 'used English terms instead of Latin ones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :AlternativesTable a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AlternativesTable is a DatabaseTable which is intended to represent more than one type of entity, depending on the value in one or more columns. This kind of entity representation may be used when several columns (representing properties or relations) are in common between two or more entities. It allows the representtaion of more complex Types than the number of tables used. . At least one columen should be specified as the indicator of the Type intended to be represented.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseTable, :ListOfAlternatives . :Alternator :guid "c10ae857-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "alternator1n" ; :wordnet "alternator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alternator' in WordNet: 1. alternator - (an old term for an electric generator that produces alternating current (especially in automobiles)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalGenerator, :MechanicalAutoPart, :PowerSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlternatingCurrent ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Altimeter :guid "bf514f0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "altimeter1n" ; :wordnet "altimeter" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Device used to measure one's altitude. Useful especially in aviation or in mountaineering. Some altimeters measure distance to the ground below. Other altimeters measure height above sea level via barometric pressure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'altimeter' in WordNet: 1. altimeter - (an instrument that measures the height above ground; used in navigation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gauge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AltitudeValue ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :Altitude :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "altitude1n" ; :wordnet "altitude" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Altitude' is the AttributeType used to refer to an altitude above sea level, not above the surface. This is an AttributeType, and takes a LengthMeasure as a value. This measure is intended to be used specify the Altitudinal coordinate of an object or point near the surface of some celestial body (not only the Earth). This measure will be expressed as meters above the relevant datum (sea level), and negative values . NOTE: if other formats are needed, this type may need supplementation or change. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'altitude' in WordNet: 1. (3) altitude, height - (elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface; 'the altitude gave her a headache') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distance . :AltitudeValue a :AttributeValueType, :LocationMeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AltitudeValue' is a LengthMeasure that specifies how far some object or region (including a Point) is above or below some geographical datum (i.e. sea level for an astronomical body). Usually, altitude or ''Elevation'' above or below the Earth's sea level. This is intended to be used with the relation 'hasAltitude', and that relation should be conceptually identical to the 'alt' property used in the w3c SWIG 'Basic Geo' vocabulary (http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/); however the 'Basic Geo' relation takes a literal as value, and the units for an'Altitudevalue' can be any subtype of LengthMeasure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure, :LocationMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnitOfLength ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :RealNumber ] . :Alto :wnsense "alto1n" ; :wordnet "alto" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Singer'' whose voice is in the alto clef. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alto' in Wordnet: 1. alto - (a singer whose voice lies in the alto clef) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Singer . :Altruism :disposesToAction :ActOfGenerosity, :ActOfKindness, :AltruisticAction ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Altruistic ; :wnsense "altruism1n", "selflessness1n" ; :wordnet "altruism", "selflessness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Altruism'' is a more intense form of ''Benevolence'' in which the altruistic person is more concerned with the welfare of others than of him/herself. 'would give the shirt off his back'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'altruism' and senses 1 and 2 of 'unselfishness' in WordNet: 1. (1) altruism, selflessness - (the quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others) WN 'unselfishness': 1. (1) unselfishness - (the quality of not putting yourself first but being willing to give your time or money or effort etc. for others; 'rural people show more devotion and unselfishness than do their urban cousins') 2. generosity, unselfishness - (acting generously) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Charity . :Altruistic :disposesToAction :AltruisticAction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :AltruisticAction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Altruism ; :isTheOppositeOf :Selfish ; :wnsense "altruistic1adj", "selfless1adj" ; :wordnet "altruistic", "selfless" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Altruistic' is an AttributeValue of someone who has the trait of ''Altruism'' and is disposed to perform ''AltruisticAction''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'altruistic' in Wordnet: 1. altruistic, selfless - (showing unselfish concern for the welfare of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Generous . :AltruisticAction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AltruisticAction' is an action that one Agent does to help another Agent,when the motive for the helping action is not personal gain, but mostly for the benefit of the other agent; also referred to as an 'act of kindness'. Whether the Agent being altruistic gets any reward is not important in classifying an Action in this category; the motive and expectation should be that the material effort in performing the helping act must be greater than the material reward that can be anticipated. It is not relevant to this classification whether an AltruisticAction is performed because of some motivation due to increased self-esteem or the esteem of the community; it is only important that no material reward exceeding the cost of performing the AltruisticAction is anticipated. Common examples are: saving a person from danger; donating money to a charity; assisting others at their tasks without pay. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActOfGenerosity, :HelpingAnAgent . :Aluminum :hasProtonCount "13"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "aluminium1n", "aluminum1n" ; :wordnet "aluminium", "aluminum" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The metallic element. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aluminum' in WordNet: 1. (5) aluminum, aluminium, Al, atomic number 13 - (a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :AluminumFoil :isaShapedFormOfSubstance :Aluminum ; :wnsense "aluminium foil1n", "aluminum foil1n" ; :wordnet "aluminium foil", "aluminum foil" ; a :SubstanceShapeType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """AluminumFoil is the Substance consisting of Aluminum in the form of a thin sheet. It is an ArtificialSubstance because it does not occur like that in Nature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aluminum foil' in WordNet: 1. (2) aluminum foil, aluminium foil, tin foil - (foil made of aluminum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aluminum, :ArtificialSubstance, :WrapperStuff . :AluminumOxide :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_Al2O3 ; :hasComponentSubstance :Aluminum, :Oxygen ; :wnsense "alumina1n", "aluminium oxide1n", "aluminum oxide1n" ; :wordnet "alumina", "aluminium oxide", "aluminum oxide" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AluminumOxide'' is the compound with two ''Aluminum'' atoms and and three ''Oxygen'' atoms in each molecule - . NOTE: this includes both natural and synthetic forms; the synthetic sapphire and ruby are composed of ''AluminumOxide'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aluminum oxide' in WordNet: 1. (1) alumina, aluminum oxide, aluminium oxide - (any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oxide . :Alumni :en "alumni" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Alumni'' is a GroupOfPeople who graduated from some ''School''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :School ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Graduate ] . :Alveolus :guid "c0df0d15-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "air cell1n", "air sac1n", "alveolus1n" ; :wordnet "air cell", "air sac", "alveolus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all alveoli in mammalian #$Lungs, being tiny air chambers used as the sites of gas-exchange of gases in the inhaled air with the pulmonary capillaries. Alvioli are connected #$distalTo the #$AlveolarDucts, which are connected to the #$RespiratoryBronchioles. The #$RespiratoryBronchioles also have alvioli directly connected along their sides. Many also are connected directly to neighboring alveoli by small holes. SUMO: Tiny sacs in the Lung which absorb Oxygen which is delivered to them by the BronchialDucts. COSMO note: SUMO makes an inappropriate parent link to 'BodyVessel', as a BodyVessel is defined as a tub-like object. The parent 'Sac-Organic' handles the shape adequately. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alveolus' in WordNet: 1. (5) alveolus, air sac, air cell - (a tiny sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of tiny air passageways) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :CavityWithWalls, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :Sac-Organic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lung ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :AlyeskaPipelineServiceCompany a :CommercialOrganization ; rdfs:comment """Owner of the trans-Alaska pipeline. A consortium of oil companies that includes BP (holding the largest stake at 47 percent), Phillips, Exxon/Mobil, Unocal, Williams and Amerada Hess.""" . :Amateur :wnsense "amateur1n", "amateur2n" ; :wordnet "amateur" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Amateur'' is a Person who is not an ''Expert'' at some Activity - from bare beginner to modest levels of competence short of expertise. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'amateur' in WordNet: 1. (11) amateur - (someone who pursues a study or sport as a pastime) 2. amateur - (does not play for pay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Learner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unskilled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Amazed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AmazingSomeone ; :wnsense "amazed1adj", "astonied1adj", "astonished1adj", "astounded1adj", "stunned1adj" ; :wordnet "amazed", "astonied", "astonished", "astounded", "stunned" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Amazed'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amazed' in Wordnet: 1. (6) amazed, astonied, astonished, astounded, stunned - (filled with the emotional impact of overwhelming surprise or shock; 'an amazed audience gave the magician a standing ovation'; 'I stood enthralled, astonished by the vastness and majesty of the cathedral'; 'astounded viewers wept at the pictures from the Oklahoma City bombing'; 'stood in stunned silence'; 'stunned scientists found not one but at least three viruses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surprised . :Amazement :isanIntensiveFormOf :Surprise ; :wnsense "amazement1n", "astonishment1n" ; :wordnet "amazement", "astonishment" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An intense Feeling of great 'Surprise' caused by the perception of something (Object, Event, or something learned by a communication), that is not only unexpected, but considered unlikely to the point of being hard to believe. by the perceiver in the given situation. The difference between 'amazement' and 'astonishment' is subtle, and there is a lot of overlap. 'amazement' may be used more commonly for things people do, and 'astonishment' for natralphenommena or for learning rather than direct perception. Differentiating usage ma be possible, and if so this can be divided into subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amazement' and sense 1 of 'astonishmentt' in WordNet: 1. (13) astonishment, amazement - (the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising; 'he looked at me in astonishment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surprise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amazing ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Amazing :isMoreIntenseThan :Extraordinary ; :perceivingCausesMentalEvent :Amazement ; :wnsense "amazing1adj", "astonishing1adj" ; :wordnet "amazing", "astonishing" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Amazing'' is a property of Events or Facts that are both ''Extraordinary' and ''Surprising'', causing either 'Astonsishent'' or 'amazement' or bith. Amazing (or 'Astonishing') is the property of something that is not only unexpected but so unusual as to cause great surprise, and therefore causes the Feeling of ''''Astonishment''''. This is often relative to a particular agent's expectations; but some things may be ''Astonishing'' to almost everyone (e.g. a talking dog).. This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing (astonising + Surprising + Incredible) Astounding Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amazing' in WordNet: 1. (5) amazing, astonishing - (surprising greatly; 'she does an amazing amount of work'; 'the dog was capable of astonishing tricks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extraordinary, :Surprising . :AmazingSomeone :wnsense "amaze1v", "astonish1v", "astound1v" ; :wordnet "amaze", "astonish", "astound" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AmazingSomeone'' is a ''SurprisingSomeone'' Event that amazes. How does this differ from 'flabbergasting' a Person?? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'amaze' in WordNet: 1. (4) amaze, astonish, astound - (affect with wonder; 'Your ability to speak six languages amazes me!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurprisingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amazement ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amazed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Amazingly :isMoreIntensiveThan :Surprisingly ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Amazing ; :wnsense "amazingly1adv", "astonishingly1adv", "surprisingly2adv" ; :wordnet "amazingly", "astonishingly", "surprisingly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Amazingly'' is an AdverbialModifier that Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'amazingly' in Wordnet: 1. amazingly, surprisingly, astonishingly - (in an amazing manner; to everyone's surprise; 'amazingly, he finished medical school in three years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surprisingly . :AmazonRiver :flowsInto :AtlanticOcean ; :guid "bd58d1ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :SouthAmericaRegion ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :Earth ; :wnsense "Amazon River1n", "Amazon3n" ; :wordnet "Amazon", "Amazon River" ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """one of the principal rivers of the world. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'Amazon' in WordNet: 3. Amazon, Amazon River - (a major South American river; arises in the Andes and flows eastward into the South Atlantic; the world's 2nd longest river (4000 miles)) """ . :Ambassador :guid "bebafe69-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ambassador1n", "embassador1n" ; :wordnet "ambassador", "embassador" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of persons; a subset of #$Diplomat. Each element of #$Ambassador is a person who is the officially appointed chief representative of a country's government in dealing with another government or an international organization. For example, the collection #$Ambassador includes the U.S. ambassadors to #$Japan, #$Russia, #$China-PeoplesRepublic, and other countries, and also the U.S. ambassador to the #$UnitedNationsOrganization. A country sends an ambassador to another country only if it officially recognizes that country's sovereign status; e.g., currently there is no U.S. ambassador to #$Taiwan-RepublicOfChina. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ambassador' in WordNet: 1. (7) ambassador, embassador - (a diplomat of the highest rank; accredited as representative from one country to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diplomat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embassy ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :Amber :guid "bed2fc96-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasColor :AmberColored ; :wnsense "amber2n" ; :wordnet "amber" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A semisolid to solid substance secreted as a gooey liquid by trees and hardened in the air. CYC: The collection of all pieces of amber, a fossil resin that is often found in decorative items. Amber is yellow to light brown in color. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'amber' in WordNet: 2. amber - (a hard yellowish to brownish translucent fossil resin; used for jewelry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resin . :AmberColor :guid "04b54530-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheColorOf :Amber ; :wnsense "amber1n", "gold2adj" ; :wordnet "amber", "gold" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amber' in WordNet: 1. (1) amber, gold - (a deep yellow color; 'an amber light illuminated the room'; 'he admired the gold of her hair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChromaticColor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmberColored ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ] . :AmberColored :isTheColorOf :Amber ; :wnsense "amber1adj", "brownish-yellow1adj", "yellow-brown1adj" ; :wordnet "amber", "brownish-yellow", "yellow-brown" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :YellowColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pale yellowish color with a tinge of brown. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amber' in WordNet: 1. (3) amber, brownish-yellow, yellow-brown - (of a medium to dark brownish yellow color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored, :Yellowish . :Ambidextrous :contrastsWith :Left-Handed, :Right-Handed ; :wnsense "ambidextrous1adj", "two-handed1adj" ; :wordnet "ambidextrous", "two-handed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ambidextrous' in Wordnet: 1. ambidextrous, two-handed - (equally skillful with each hand; 'an ambidextrous surgeon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AmbientAirObject :en "surrounding air" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AmbientAirObject'' is a ''AirObject'' that surrounds the Agent in some situation. This willoften be the ''EarthsAtmosphere'' but it may be the air inside mine, a building or in a room, or in the immediate surrounds of some Person. More detail may be needed for certainsitarions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericAgent ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :Ambiguity :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Ambiguous ; :wnsense "ambiguity1n", "equivocalness1n" ; :wordnet "ambiguity", "equivocalness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ambiguity' in WordNet: 2. (1) ambiguity, equivocalness - (unclearness by virtue of having more than one meaning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unclearness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ambiguous ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Ambiguous :isAnAttributeValueOf :AmbiguousExpression ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unambiguous ; :wnsense "ambiguous1adj", "ambiguous2adj", "equivocal1adj" ; :wordnet "ambiguous", "equivocal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ambiguous'' is an AttributeValue of some ''Phrase'' (A Group of one or more ''Word''s, including words in sign language) Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'ambiguous' in Wordnet: 1. (9) equivocal, ambiguous - (open to two or more interpretations; or of uncertain nature or significance; or (often) intended to mislead; 'an equivocal statement'; 'the polling had a complex and equivocal (or ambiguous) message for potential female candidates'; 'the officer's equivocal behavior increased the victim's uneasiness'; 'popularity is an equivocal crown'; 'an equivocal response to an embarrassing question') 2. (4) ambiguous - (having more than one possible meaning; 'ambiguous words'; 'frustrated by ambiguous instructions, the parents were unable to assemble the toy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DifficultToUnderstand . :AmbiguousExpression :en "ambiguous expression" ; :enn "ambiguous expression" ; :wnsense "ambiguity1n" ; :wordnet "ambiguity" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AmbiguousExpression'' is an ''Expression'' that can be interpreted in more than one way. This description in COSMO is represented by asserting that there is more than one ''LogicalSentence'' that is a possible interpretation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ambiguity' in WordNet: 1. (6) ambiguity - (an expression whose meaning cannot be determined from its context) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ambiguous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LogicalSentence ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasMeaningRepresentation ] . :Ambition :hasDesiredSituation :SocialSuccess ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Ambitious ; :wnsense "ambition2n" ; :wordnet "ambition" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The trait of someone who is strongly motivated to achieve 'success' in some form - whether financial or social (fame or fortune). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ambition' in Wordnet: 2. (2) ambition, ambitiousness - (a strong drive for success) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :Ambitious :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Ambition ; :wnsense "ambitious1adj" ; :wordnet "ambitious" ; a :AttributeValueType, :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ambitious'' is an AttributeValue of Person that has a strong drive for ''SocialSuccess'', i.e., one who has ''Ambition''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ambitious' in WordNet: 1. (5) ambitious - (having a strong desire for success or achievement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competitive . :Ambivalence :wnsense "ambivalence1n", "ambivalency1n" ; :wordnet "ambivalence", "ambivalency" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ambivalence'' is a special type of ''Indecision'' in which a ''IntentionalAgent'' faced with a situation of ''Choosing'' between *two* alternatives (''AlternativeThing''s) to choose. This would be the Feeling of indecision about a 'yes-no' decision. This ''Feeling'' can cause ''Hesitation'' (vacillation, wavering). NOTE: this interprets the sense of 'ambivalence' more narrowly than suggested by the WN gloss. This is for indecision about *two* altenatives. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'ambivalence' in WordNet: 1. ambivalence, ambivalency - (mixed feelings or emotions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indecision . :Ambivalent :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Indecision ; :wnsense "ambivalent1adj" ; :wordnet "ambivalent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ambivalent'' is a special case of ''Undecided'', being an attribute of a Person who is experiencing ''Indecision'' about which of *two* options (''AlternativeThing''s) to choose. This would be the attribute of indecision about a 'yes-no' decision. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'ambivalent' (the WN sense does not seem to specify only two alternatives, but that is the meaning of this attribute) in WordNet: 1. ambivalent - (uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow; 'was ambivalent about having children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Undecided . :Ambulance :guid "bd588cd2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ambulance1n" ; :wordnet "ambulance" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is for wheeled road vehicles,not for an air evacuation 'ambulance'. CYC: #$Ambulance is a specialization of #$RescueVehicle, #$EmergencyVehicle, and #$SpecialPurposeVehicle. Each instance of #$Ambulance is a road vehicle equipped primarily for transporting wounded, injured, or sick persons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ambulance' in WordNet: 1. (3) ambulance - (a vehicle that takes people to and from hospitals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmergencyVehicle, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :RoadVehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice . :AmbulatingThroughaPlace :en "ambulating through some place", "passing through", "passing through some place", "walking through" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AmbulatingThroughaPlace'' is a type of ambulation in which an animal walks through some place, and may leave some evidence of having been there. The animal passing through that place may stop at that place for some interval of time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation, :PassingThroughOrBySomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalTrack ; owl:onProperty :mayProduce ] . :Ambulation :SUMO "Ambulating" ; :eng "ambulating" ; :guid "bdd4cc3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ambulate1v", "ambulation1n" ; :wordnet "ambulate", "ambulation" ; a :AnimalMotionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Ambulation is an ActionSeries in which the individual actions are taking one step with one or more legs. Each step may consist of a single footstep while walking or running, or a hop in the case of Hopping, or one step one gliding device like a ''Skate'', that continues forward motion even before the next step is made. Unclear whether this is a 'LocomotionProcess' or a 'LocomotionEvent', in CYC terminology. Cyc: A specialization of #$Locomotion-SolidSurface: the collection of all locomotion events on solid surfaces in which an #$Animal moves by lifting its feet, moving them through the air, and setting them down in a new location. Includes walking (cf. 'Walking'), #$Running, skipping, trotting, etc. NOTE: called 'Ambulating' in SUMO. SUMO: Any BodyMotion which is accomplished by means of the legs of an Animal for the purpose of moving from one point to another. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ambulate' and noun sense 1 of 'ambulation' in WordNet: 1. ambulate - (walk about; not be bedridden or incapable of walking) WN noun 'ambulation': 1. ambulation - (walking about; 'the hospital encouraged early ambulation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :Locomotion-SolidSurface, :LocomotionEvent-Animal, :WholeBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :TakingAStep ] . :Ambush :wnsense "ambuscade1n", "ambush1n", "lying in wait1n", "trap5n" ; :wordnet "ambuscade", "ambush", "lying in wait", "trap" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Ambush'' is the attack itself that follows the'waiting' prelude of ''Ambushing''. This is a noun representing an Action, but the WN noun and verb glosses do not appear to represent the same concept. Needs more analysis and examples is usage. Perhaps the actual attack is not represented by either WN sense??? Create a 'CatchInAnAmbush' Action for the attack??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ambush' in WordNet: 1. (5) ambush, ambuscade, lying in wait, trap - (the act of concealing yourself and lying in wait to attack by surprise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryAttack, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unexpected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ambushing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Ambushing :wnsense "ambuscade1v", "ambush1v", "bushwhack1v", "lie in wait1v", "lurk3v", "scupper1v", "waylay1v" ; :wordnet "ambuscade", "ambush", "bushwhack", "lie in wait", "lurk", "scupper", "waylay" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Ambushing'' is a lying in wait with the intention of attacking an enemy by surprise (i.e. to execute an ''Ambush''). The attack itself may not follow, if the enemy does not appear when expected. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ambush' in WordNet: 1. (2) ambush, scupper, bushwhack, waylay, lurk, ambuscade, lie in wait - (wait in hiding to attack) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Waiting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ambush ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Amen :en "amen" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The utterance of the interjection ''Amen'', expressing agreement with what has been said, usually while another person is speaking. RHW interjection 'amen': it is so; so be it (used after a prayer, creed, or other formal statement to express solemn ratification or agreement). No sense in Wordnet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection . :Amenable :wnsense "amenable1adj", "conformable2adj" ; :wordnet "amenable", "conformable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Amenable'' is the attribute of a Person who is disposed to 'comply' in some sense. Rather vague. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amenable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) amenable, conformable - (disposed or willing to comply; 'someone amenable to persuasion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreeable . :Amending :en "amending" ; :wnsense "amend1v", "amendment1n" ; :wordnet "amend", "amendment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Amending'' is ''Revising'' of some abstract ''ConceptualWork'' that is formal in being agreed to or relevant to more than one Person. This is usually a change of text, but could be addition or deletion of graphical material. The 'amendment' added may or may not be an improvement or a correction. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'amend' in WordNet: 1. (9) amend - (make amendments to; 'amend the document') WN nuun 'amendment;: 1. (6) amendment - (the act of amending or correcting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Revising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Version ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amendment ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractDocument ] . :Amendment :wnsense "amendment2n" ; :wordnet "amendment" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Amendment'' is an ''AbstractSymbolicObject'' that has been added to an ''AbstractDcment'' in an ''Amending'' Action. It will typically be text,but could be an image added or deleted from the original document. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'amendment' in WordNet: 2. (1) amendment - (a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractDocument ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Amending ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Amenity :en "amenity" ; :guid "bd58a90d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "amenities1n", "comforts1n", "conveniences1n", "creature comforts1n" ; :wordnet "amenities", "comforts", "conveniences", "creature comforts" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Features conducive to material comfort or convenience, or that enhance the value of a #$HumanOccupationConstruct. Approximately equivalent to RHW sense 2 of 'amenity': any feature that provides comfort, convenience, or pleasure: The house has a swimming pool, two fireplaces, and other amenities. also including RHW sense 4: amenities, lavatory; bathroom: used as a euphemism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amenities' in WordNet: 1. comforts, creature comforts, amenities, conveniences - (things that make you comfortable and at ease; \"all the comforts of home\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comfort ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce ] . :American :pertainsTo :UnitedStatesOfAmerica, :UnitedStatesPerson ; :wnsense "American1adj" ; :wordnet "American" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''American'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''UnitedStatesOfAmerica'', its territory, its citizens,and anything distinctive related to the USA. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'American' in Wordnet: 1. (118) American - (of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture; 'American citizens'; 'American English'; 'the American dream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AmericanElk :en "elk" ; :guid "c0fe0503-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "American elk1n", "Cervus canadensis1n", "wapiti1n" ; :wordnet "American elk", "Cervus canadensis", "wapiti" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''AmericanElk'' is a large ''Deer'' of western North America. RHW: 2. Also called American elk, wapiti. a large North American deer, Cervus canadensis, the male of which has large, spreading antlers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'American elk' in WordNet: 1. wapiti, American elk, Cervus canadensis - (large North American deer with large much-branched antlers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NorthAmericaRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AmericanIndian :wnsense "American Indian1n", "Amerindian1n", "Indian1n", "Native American1n", "Red Indian1n" ; :wordnet "American Indian", "Amerindian", "Indian", "Native American", "Red Indian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AmericanIndian'' is a person who is a member of or dominantly descended from some native North or South American tribe. This is for any North and South American natives. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'American Indian' and sense 1 of 'native american' in Wordnet: 1. Indian, American Indian, Red Indian - (a member of the race of people living in America when Europeans arrived) WN noun 'native american': 1. Amerindian, Native American - (any member of the peoples living in North or South America before the Europeans arrived) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NativeAmericans ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :AmericanSamoa a :Country . :AmericanSignLanguage :en "Ameslan" ; :wnsense "ASL1n", "American sign language1n" ; :wordnet "ASL", "American sign language" ; a :SignLanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AmericanSignLanguage''is a ''SignLanguage'' that uses English grammar and is used in the United States. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'American sign language' in WordNet: 1. ASL, American sign language - (the sign language used in the United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SignLanguage . :Americium :guid "bebf2c2d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "95"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Am1n", "americium1n" ; :wordnet "Am", "americium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a ''PhysicalSubstance'', wereas in CYC substances are objects made of a substance. **not** an object. CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Americium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'americium' in WordNet: 1. americium, Am, atomic number 95 - (a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by bombarding uranium with helium atoms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Amiable :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Friendliness ; :wnsense "amiable1adj", "good-humored1adj", "good-humoured1adj" ; :wordnet "amiable", "good-humored", "good-humoured" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Amiable'' is the attribute of a Person who is disposed to try to be friendly to or to please other people. A more intensive subtype of ''Friendly''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amiable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) amiable, good-humored, good-humoured - (disposed to please; 'an amiable villain with a cocky sidelong grin'- Hal Hinson) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friendly . :Amine :guid "bf5ffa1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Nitrogen ; :wnsense "amine1n" ; :wordnet "amine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'amine' is an ''OrganicCompound'' containing a ''NitrogenAtom'' that is bonded to one, two,or three carbon atoms, none of which is the carbon of carbonyl group (=C=O). Such nitrogen groups have a 'basic' (as contrasterd with 'acidic') character and can bind postive hydrogen ions to become positively charged (although other groups in a molecule can be negatively charged, affecting the overall ionic character of the molecule. Subtypes are primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. CYC: Organic #$Nitrogen compounds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amine' in WordNet: 1. amine, aminoalkane - (a compound derived from ammonia by replacing hydrogen atoms by univalent hydrocarbon radicals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nitrogen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :AminoAcid :guid "bd589b64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "amino acid1n", "aminoalkanoic acid1n" ; :wordnet "amino acid", "aminoalkanoic acid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of organic compounds that are the building blocks for #$ProteinMolecules. #$AminoAcids contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. One way to partition this collection is according to the side chains: acidic, basic, uncharged polar, and nonpolar. Another collection division is that of amino acids required for protein synthesis and not synthesized by humans, essential amino acids, and those amino acids required for protein synthesis but are synthesized by humans, non-essential amino acids. The alpha-amino acids that form the building blocks (monomer units) of proteins are a subtype of this category, having an amino group on the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group. Some amino acids have more than one amine group. SUMO: Organic acids that are the building blocks of Proteins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amino acid' in WordNet: 1. (1) amino acid, aminoalkanoic acid - (organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group; 'proteins are composed of various proportions of about 20 common amino acids') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyBasicSubstance, :OrganicAcid, :OrganicCompound . :AminoAcidUnit a :ChemicalObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AtomGroup'' that is part of a ''Protein''. The free linked compound is an ''AminoAcid'', each unit of which loses the elements of water when it is linked into a polymer. @@ToDo! NOTE that the restriction requires extending the range of the relation to include Objects - need a new relation. @ToDo: this entity should be defined by a restriction on types, not instances. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AtomGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Protein ] . :AminoGroup :wnsense "amino group1n" ; :wordnet "amino group" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AtomGroup that is part of a larger Molecule, consisting of a nitrogen bound to two hydrogens, and in which the nitrogen is also bound to another atom: the amine group (-NH2). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amino group' in WordNet: 1. amino, amino group - (the radical -NH2) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalMoiety . :Ammonia :guid "bf5bfdb2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_NH3 ; :hasComponentSubstance :Hydrogen, :Nitrogen ; :wnsense "ammonia1n" ; :wordnet "ammonia" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :LigandType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The compound with one ''Nitrogen'' bound to three ''Hydrogen'' atoms in each molecule - NH3. In the free state it is a gas at r00m temperature and atmospheric pressure ('STP'), but easily dissolves in water to produce a basic solution. Forms salts with acids, some of which are useful for various purposes, including as ''Fertilizer''s. For the household 'ammonia' solution use ''AmmoniaWater''. CYC: The collection of all volumes of ammonia gas, NH3. This collection does not refer to the household product called ammonia, which is a solution or #$Ammonia in #$Water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ammonia' in WordNet: 1. (2) ammonia - (a pungent gas compounded of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH3)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyBasicSubstance, :Electrolyte, :Gas, :InorganicChemical, :ToxicSubstance . :AmmoniaWater :hasComponentSubstance :Ammonia, :Water ; :wnsense "ammonia water1n", "ammonia2n", "ammonium hydroxide1n" ; :wordnet "ammonia", "ammonia water", "ammonium hydroxide" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AmmoniaWater'' is an aqueous solution of ''Ammonia'' in ''Water'' at an indefined concentration,but sufficient to have perceptible ammonia odor and be useful for household cleaning and other purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ammonia water' in WordNet: 1. ammonia water, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide - (a water solution of ammonia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicChemical, :LiquidMixture . :Ammunition :wnsense "ammo1n", "ammunition1n" ; :wordnet "ammo", "ammunition" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Ammunition'' is the collective term for all projectiles fired from some projectile launcher, including shells for guns and arrows for bows. Includes but is broader than (includes arrows) noun sense 1 of 'ammunition' in WordNet: 1. (11) ammunition, ammo - (projectiles to be fired from a gun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arms, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ProjectileShellAssembly :Arrow ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Amnesia :wnsense "amnesia1n", "blackout5n", "memory loss1n" ; :wordnet "amnesia", "blackout", "memory loss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Amnesia'' is a MentalState that is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' in which a Person has forgotten and cannot remember significantly more than the common number of things that people may forget. At its most intense form, a Person may forget anything about who s/he is or where they came from. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amnesia' in WordNet: 1. amnesia, memory loss, blackout - (partial or total loss of memory; 'he has a total blackout for events of the evening') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forgetting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Memory ] . :Amnesty :wnsense "amnesty1n", "amnesty2n", "pardon2n" ; :wordnet "amnesty", "pardon" ; a :ActionType, :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: the 'amnesty' senses 1 and 2 have different parent types in WordNet, but appear to have the same meaning. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'amnesty' in WordNet: 1. amnesty - (a period during which offenders are exempt from punishment) 2. pardon, amnesty - (a warrant granting release from punishment for an offense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exemption, :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isGoodFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offender ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BearingPunishment ; owl:onProperty :isaFreedomFrom ] . :Amoeba :guid "bd5895c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasPluralForm "amoebae" ; :wnsense "ameba1n", "amoeba1n" ; :wordnet "ameba", "amoeba" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Protozoan distinguished by having no definite form and consisting of a mass of protoplasm containing one or more nuclei surrounded by a flexible outer membrane. It moves by means of pseudopods. Some instances are instances of #$ParasiticOrganism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amoeba' in WordNet: 1. ameba, amoeba - (naked freshwater or marine or parasitic protozoa that form temporary pseudopods for feeding and locomotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rhizopod . :Among :en "amongst" ; :ldoce "among" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """A Preposition whose general meaning is 'inside of or a member of (a group)'. Random House Webster gives eight senses: 1. in, into, or through the midst of; in association or connection with; surrounded by: He was among friends. 2. in the midst of, so as to influence: missionary work among the local people. 3. with a share for each of: Divide the cigars among you. 4. in the number, class, or group of; of or out of: That is among the things we must do. COSMO: 'a member of': 'he was among the best musicians in the country'. 5. by all or with the whole of; by most or with many of: popular among the people. 6. by the joint or reciprocal action of: Settle it among yourselves. 7. each with the other; mutually: They quarreled among themselves. 8. familiar to or characteristic of: a proverb among the Spanish. In addition, there is a sense 'with respect to; as compared with most of' as in: 'blessed art thou among women'. 'He was a lion among his countrymen'. The phrase 'among other things' as an isolated response can mean: 'that is only one example of that type of thing; there are others'. """ . :AmortizingaDebt :guid "bdbb3b57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "amortisation1n", "amortisation2n", "amortise1n", "amortization1n", "amortization2n", "amortize1n" ; :wordnet "amortisation", "amortise", "amortization", "amortize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AmortizingaDebt'' is a ''RepayingWithMoney'' by means of periodic payments, each paying both an amount of interest and a part of the principal of a debt. Typical repayment method for home mortgages. In CYC Amortization'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'amortize' and senses 1 and 2 of 'amortization' the two senses being facets of the same Action) in WordNet: 1. amortize, amortise - (liquidate gradually) WN noun 'amortization': 1. amortization, amortisation - (the reduction of the value of an asset by prorating its cost over a period of years) 2. amortization, amortisation - (payment of an obligation in a series of installments or transfers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepayingWithMoney . :AmountPerTime :en "amount per unit time" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AmountPerTime'' is a ''RateMeasure'' used to specify how many things (objects or weight) are processed in some way per unit time. For industrial productions this can be tons per year or units (e.g. automobiles) per year. This can be used as a measure of production capacity for any number of different types of production. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, :RateMeasure . :Amoxicillin :guid "c0fde39c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Augmentin1n", "amoxicillin1n" ; :wordnet "Augmentin", "amoxicillin" ; a :AntibioticType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The chemical compound which is an antibiotic. A beta-lactam derivative of Penicillin. Somewhat less suscrptible to bacterial lactamases than is Penicillin, and still (2019) widely used though resisted by some multiply resistant bacterial strains such as 'MRSA'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amoxicillin' in WordNet: 1. amoxicillin, Amoxil, Larotid, Polymox, Trimox, Augmentin - (an antibiotic; a semisynthetic oral penicillin (trade names Amoxil and Larotid and Polymox and Trimox and Augmentin) used to treat bacterial infections) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antibiotic . :Ampere :wnsense "amp1n", "ampere2n" ; :wordnet "amp", "ampere" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI electric current measure. Symbol: A. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the Ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 Meter apart in a vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2*10^(-7) Newton per Meter of length. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ampere' and sense 1 of 'amp' in WordNet, but includes sense 1 for older texts: 1. ampere, international ampere - (a former unit of electric current (slightly smaller than the SI ampere)) 2. ampere, amp, A - (the basic unit of electric current adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; 'a typical household circuit carries 15 to 50 amps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Ampersand :wnsense "ampersand1n" ; :wordnet "ampersand" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An''Ampersand''is a 'PunctuationMark' having approximately the same meaning as the word 'and'. It has various typographical forms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ampersand' in WordNet: 1. ampersand - (a punctuation mark (&) used to represent conjunction (and)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :and ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Amphetamine :guid "c0fd5b93-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C9H13N ; :hasComponentSubstance :Nitrogen ; :wnsense "amphetamine1n", "pep pill1n", "speed5n", "upper3n" ; :wordnet "amphetamine", "pep pill", "speed", "upper" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which are used to reduce the appetite while dieting and/or to treat colds or hay fever. This type is for the base compound C9H13N; derivatives exist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amphetamine' in WordNet: 1. amphetamine, pep pill, upper, speed - (a central nervous system stimulant that increases energy and decreases appetite; used to treat narcolepsy and some forms of depression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddictiveSubstance, :Amine, :DrugProduct, :Stimulant . :Amphibian :guid "bd58e024-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "amphibian3n" ; :wordnet "amphibian" ; a :BeastType, :SpawnerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Poikilotherm and #$Vertebrate. Each instance of #$Amphibian isa a cold-blodded and smooth-skinned vertebrate that hatches from an egg to form an aquatic larva (see #$Larva), which then metamorphoses into an air-breathing adult (see #$AirBreathingVertebrate). Important subcollections include #$Frog and #$Salamander. SUMO: A cold-blooded, smooth-skinned Vertebrate which characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva, breathing by gills. When mature, the Amphibian breathes with Lungs. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet: 3. amphibian - (cold-blooded vertebrate typically living on land but breeding in water; aquatic larvae undergo metamorphosis into adult form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColdBloodedVertebrate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Amplifier :guid "be3c5ead-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "amplifier1n" ; :wordnet "amplifier" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of devices; a subset of ElectronicComponent. Each instance of Amplifier is a device used for increasing the amplitude of a signal passing through it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amplifier' in WordNet: 1. (1) amplifier - (electronic equipment that increases strength of signals passing through it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal :en "amplifying", "amplifying a signal", "amplifying an electronic signal" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :LoweringaValue ; :wnsense "amplify4v" ; :wordnet "amplify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal'' is an ''Intensifying'' of the strength (voltage or current) of some electronic signal, which may be for the purpose of transmitting a signal or sending out sounds or light waves or radio waves. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'amplify' in WordNet: 4. amplify - (increase the volume of; 'amplify sound') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intensifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amplifier ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :AmplifyingMicrowaveRadiation :en "amplifying microwave radiation" ; :enn "amplifying microwave radiation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AmplifyingMicrowaveRadiation''is a form of ''AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal'' where the signal is ''MicrowaveRadiation''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmplifyingAnElectronicSignal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Maser ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MicrowaveRadiation ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaveIntensityMeasure ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :AmplifyingaSound :en "amplify sound", "amplifying a sound" ; :eng "amplifying sound" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AmplifyingaSound'' is an ''Intensifying'' of the strength of some sound waves. This can occur in various ways, usually involving reflection or direction of sound or both. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intensifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoundIntensityMeasure ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :Amplitude :wnsense "amplitude1n" ; :wordnet "amplitude" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Amplitude'' is a ''MeasurableQuantity'' that specifies the size of the difference between a base level and the maximum level of the physical aspect of a 'wave'. This includes electromagnetic (light, radio waves), sound, or surface waves, as on a BodyOfWater. This is a general concept and the units in which it is expressed will differ with the type of 'wave' characterized. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amplitude' in WordNet: 1. (6) amplitude - ((physics) the maximum displacement of a periodic wave) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, :MeasurableQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMeasureOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Wave :Wave-Liquid :WavePropagationEvent :EventType ) ] ] . :Ampule :guid "c0fdd382-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ampoule1n", "ampul1n", "ampule1n", "phial1n", "vial1n" ; :wordnet "ampoule", "ampul", "ampule", "phial", "vial" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, :DosageFormType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type ''Ampule'' is a specialization of ''Vial'' that is used for completely closed glass containers that have no cap and need to be broken (at a narrrow neck) to remove the contents CYC:The Collection of all ampules. An ampule is a small, completely-sealed glass tube that is broken to release the contents. (e.g., smelling salts, or measured saline solution for asthma spiration machines.) NOTE: although WN has this as a subtype of ''Bottle'', a ''Bottle''in COSMO has a removable and replaceable top cap. An ''Ampule'' often does not. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ampule' in WordNet: 1. phial, vial, ampule, ampul, ampoule - (a small bottle that contains a drug (especially a sealed sterile container for injection by needle)) . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdministeringaDrug ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Amputation :en "amputating" ; :guid "bd67c814-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "amputate1v", "amputation2n", "cut off6v" ; :wordnet "amputate", "amputation", "cut off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'amputate' in WordNet: 1. (2) amputate, cut off - (remove surgically; 'amputate limbs') WN noun 'amputation': 2. amputation - (a surgical removal of all or part of a limb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurgicalRemoval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :LimbType ] . :Amu :en "amu" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Atomic mass unit. Symbol: u. It is the mass of the twelfth part of an atom of the Carbon 12 isotope. No Wordnet entry. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassMeasure . :AmuDaryaRiver :guid "bd58ca35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :CentralAsia ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "central Asian river" . :AmurRiver :guid "bd58d32e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "river of NE Asia" . :Amused :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Amusement-Feeling ; :wnsense "amused1adj", "diverted1adj", "entertained1adj" ; :wordnet "amused", "diverted", "entertained" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'amused' in Wordnet: 1. (1) amused, diverted, entertained - (pleasantly occupied; 'We are not amused' -Queen Victoria) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relaxed . :Amusement-Feeling :guid "be011552-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "amusement", "fun" ; :wnsense "amusement1n", "fun1n" ; :wordnet "amusement", "fun" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The emotion experienced when one finds something funny or amusing. Usually people laugh or at least smile when they are amused. This also corresponds to part of the sense of 'fun': to 'have fun' is to be amused; 'I did it for the fun of it' suggests that 'fun' is a Feeling resulting from an amusing Event. However, this sense of 'fun' is not directly in WordNet, though it is implied by the examples given (see below). For amusement causing laughter use 'Mirth'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amusement', and to part of sense 1 of 'fun' in WordNet: 1. (3) amusement - (a feeling of delight at being entertained) WN 'fun' 1. (9) fun, merriment, playfulness - (activities that are enjoyable or amusing; 'I do it for the fun of it'; 'he is fun to have around') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Entertained-Emotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amused ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :AmusementEvent :causes :Amusement-Feeling ; :ldoce "amuse", "amusement" ; :wnsense "amuse1v", "amuse2v", "amusement2n", "divert3v", "fun1n" ; :wordnet "amuse", "amusement", "divert", "fun" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AmusementEvent is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to experience Amusement-Feeling. The Event causing Amusement does not necessarily have to be an action of a cognitive agent, because amusement can occur due to naturally occurring events involving inanimate objects. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'amusement', noun sense 1 of 'fun' and both senses of verb 'amuse' in WordNet: WN 'amusement': 2. (1) entertainment, amusement - (an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention) WN 'amuse': 1. (6) amuse, divert, disport - (occupy in an agreeable, entertaining or pleasant fashion; 'The play amused the ladies') 2. (1) amuse - (make (somebody) laugh; 'The clown amused the children') WN 'fun' 1. (9) fun, merriment, playfulness - (activities that are enjoyable or amusing; 'I do it for the fun of it'; 'he is fun to have around') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amusement-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amusing ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amused ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :AmusementPark :guid "bd58b53f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "amusement park1n", "funfair1n", "pleasure ground1n" ; :wordnet "amusement park", "funfair", "pleasure ground" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all amusement parks. An amusement park can be as elaborate and permanent as #$Disneyworld-TouristAttraction or as makeshift and transitory as amusement parks whose facilities are moved from location to location during the summer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amusement park' in WordNet: 1. (1) amusement park, funfair, pleasure ground - (a commercially operated park with stalls and shows for amusement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeisureFacility, :OutdoorRecreationArea, :TouristAttraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmusementParkRide ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :AmusementParkRide :en "amusement park ride" ; :enn "amusement park ride" ; :guid "be0101ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ride2n" ; :wordnet "ride" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Devices which move people around a fixed area for amusement. Usually found at carnivals and amusement parks. Smaller versions of Ferris wheels An ''Carousel''s may be temporarily constructed at carnivals, but the larger ones tend to be in fixed locations at ''AmusementPark''s Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ride' in WordNet: 2. ride - (a mechanical device that you ride for amusement or excitement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :SupportingConveyance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmusementPark ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :Amusing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Amusement-Feeling ; :isTheOppositeOf :Boring, :Dull ; :ldoce "amusing" ; :wnsense "amusing1adj", "amusing2adj" ; :wordnet "amusing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of events or texts (abstract or physical) that cause 'Amusement-Feeling' to at least one IntelligentAgent. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'amusing' in WordNet, and sense 2 ('funny') is a more specific subtype: in Wordnet: 1. (7) amusing, amusive, diverting, fun - (providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining; 'an amusing speaker'; 'a diverting story'; 'a fun thing to do') 2. amusing, comic, comical, funny, laughable, mirthful, risible - (arousing or provoking laughter; 'an amusing film with a steady stream of pranks and pratfalls'; 'an amusing fellow'; 'a comic hat'; 'a comical look of surprise'; 'funny stories that made everybody laugh'; 'a very funny writer'; 'it would have been laughable if it hadn't hurt so much'; 'a mirthful experience'; 'risible courtroom antics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Entertaining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmusementEvent ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :AnabolicSteroid :en "steroids" ; :enn "steroids" ; :wnsense "anabolic steroid1n" ; :wordnet "anabolic steroid" ; a :LipidType, :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anabolic steroid' in WordNet: 1. anabolic steroid - (any of a group of synthetic steroid hormones used to stimulate muscle and bone growth; more than 100 have been developed and each requires a prescription to be used legally in the United States; sometimes used illicitly by athletes to increase their strength) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SteroidalDrug . :Anaconda :guid "bee06c07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anaconda1n" ; :wordnet "anaconda" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A very large Boa that is found in South America. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anaconda' in WordNet: 1. (18) anaconda, Eunectes murinus - (large arboreal boa of tropical South America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constrictor . :Anaerobic :isTheOppositeOf :Aerobic ; :wnsense "anaerobic1adj", "anaerobiotic1adj" ; :wordnet "anaerobic", "anaerobiotic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Anaerobic'' is the contrasting type to ''Aerobic'' for organisms, those not requiring Oxygen for survival. Mostly used of ''Bacterium''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anaerobic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) anaerobic, anaerobiotic - (living or active in the absence of free oxygen; 'anaerobic bacteria') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AnalAdministration :en "anal administration" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Inserting a drug into the Rectum." ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministeringaDrug, :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Suppository ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isIntoInteriorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rectum ] . :Analgesic :guid "bd58ebf2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "analgesic1n", "anodyne1n", "pain pill1n", "painkiller1n" ; :wordnet "analgesic", "anodyne", "pain pill", "painkiller" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which are used to reduce or relieve pain. RelievingPain Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'analgesic' in WordNet: 1. analgesic, anodyne, painkiller, pain pill - (a medicine used to relieve pain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PainOrAche ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelievingPain ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Analogizing :wnsense "analogise1v", "analogize1v", "analogy2n" ; :wordnet "analogise", "analogize", "analogy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Analogizing'' is the Actions of making an ''Analogy'' between (usually two) Things, including an inference that because two things are similar in one respect they should be similar in some other respect. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'analogize' and noun sense 2 of 'analogy' in WordNet: 1. analogize, analogise - (make an analogy) WN noun 'analogy': 2. (2) analogy - (drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect; 'the operation of a computer presents an interesting analogy to the working of the brain'; 'the models show by analogy how matter is built up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comparing, :Inferring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Analogy ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :Analogous :wnsense "analogous1adj", "correspondent1adj" ; :wordnet "analogous", "correspondent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'analogous' in Wordnet: 1. (12) analogous, correspondent - (similar or equivalent in some respects though otherwise dissimilar; 'brains and computers are often considered analogous'; 'salmon roe is marketed as analogous to caviar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comparable . :Analogue :ldoce "parallel" ; :wnsense "analog1n", "analogue1n", "parallel1n" ; :wordnet "analog", "analogue", "parallel" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Analogue' is a Role that something (object, event) can play when it is analogous in some way to something else. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'analogue' and sense 1 of 'parallel' in WordNet: 1. (5) analogue, analog, parallel - (something having the property of being analogous to something else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role . :Analogy :wnsense "analogy1n" ; :wordnet "analogy" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Analogy'' is a ''Comparison'' that is created by an ''Analogizing'' Action, that asserts a similarity in some Attribute between two or more things based on some similarity(s) in another Attribute(s). This is a 'Conclusion'' in the sense that it is an assertion that the ''Comparng'' action reached a conclusion of significant similarity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'analogy' in WordNet: 1. (2) analogy - (an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comparison, :Conclusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Analogizing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Similarity ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Analyst :wnsense "analyst1n", "analyst2n" ; :wordnet "analyst" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Analyst'' is a Person who specializes in analyzing data to find patterns and possibly to make predictions about future behavior of things similar to those analyzed. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'analyst' in WordNet: 1. (9) analyst - (someone who is skilled at analyzing data) 2. analyst - (an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Specialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DataAnalysis ; owl:onProperty :isSkilledAt ] . :Analytical :en "fact-based" ; :enadj "fact-based" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Intuitive ; :pertainsTo :AnalyzingSomething ; :wnsense "analytic2adj", "analytical1adj" ; :wordnet "analytic", "analytical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Analytical'' is broad attribute applied to ''Mental'' Actions that are used some manner of ''AnalyzingSomething'' or objects used in analysis or the results of analysis. This refers to Mental processes that explicitly and consciously consider the parts of things and their relations to infer conclusions allowing specification of the individual steps used in reaching a conclusion from input information, though the process need not use formal logic explicitly. This attribute therefore contrasts with ''Intuitive'' Mental processes in which the mind does not attempt to use mathematical or logical methods, but rapidly draws consclusions from one or more pieces of information or feelings in a manner that does not conduce to explaining the explicit considerations leading to the conclusion. This includes the notion of 'fact-based', which, in this representation requires some logical process beyond just reference to past experience. This dichotomy is similar to the 'slow' part described by Kahnemann in the book \" Thinking Fast and Slow \". Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'analytical' in Wordnet: 1. (1) analytic, analytical - (using or skilled in using analysis (i.e., separating a whole - intellectual or substantial - into its elemental parts or basic principles); 'an analytic experiment'; 'an analytic approach'; 'a keenly analytic man'; 'analytical reasoning'; 'an analytical mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mental, :PertainingAttributeValue . :AnalyticalSample a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AnalyticalSample is a quantity of matter which is the object if investigation in an AnalyticalTest.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Role . :AnalyticalSection :wnsense "section2n" ; :wordnet "section" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AnalyticalSlice'' is a ''Part'' of a ''PhysicalObject'' such as a piece of tissue, prepared for the purpose of analysis or testing. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'section' in WordNet: 2. (31) section - (a very thin slice (of tissue or mineral or other substance) for examination under a microscope; 'sections from the left ventricle showed diseased tissue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, :PhysicalObject, :SliceOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :AnalyticalTest :wnsense "assay4n", "chemical analysis1n", "qualitative analysis1n", "quantitative analysis1n", "quantitative chemical analysis1n", "test2n" ; :wordnet "assay", "chemical analysis", "qualitative analysis", "quantitative analysis", "quantitative chemical analysis", "test" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AnalyticalTest is a chemical,biochemical, or physical test having its purpose the detection or measurement of the levels of some PhysicalSubstance (''SubstanceType'') in some sample. Instances of AnalyticalTest are intended solely to measure some aspect of chemical composition; any measurement of physical properties of a sample are incidental to the ultimate purpose. This type of test, though measuring chemical substancs, may be used to determine the likely presence of some biological organism or virus that leaves traces in the tissues. NOTE that tests intended to measure the properties of some object or substance, such as a hardness test or a melting point test, are *not* instances of AnalyticalTest. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis can be broken out as subtpes. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'test' and includes 'chemical analysis' and 'quantitative analysis' in WordNet: 2. (103) test, trial, run - (the act of testing something; 'in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately'; 'he called each flip of the coin a new trial') WN noun 'chemical analysis': 1. chemical analysis, qualitative analysis - (the act of decomposing a substance into its constituent elements) WN noun 'quantitative analysis': 1. quantitative analysis, quantitative chemical analysis - (chemical analysis to determine the amounts of each element in the substance) WN noun 'assay': 4. assay - (a quantitative or qualitative test of a substance (especially an ore or a drug) to determine its components; frequently used to test for the presence or concentration of infectious agents or antibodies etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingSomething, :ExperimentalTest, :Measuring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :Event :EventType :Group ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConcentrationMeasure ] . :AnalyzingGroupProperties :wnsense "analyze1v" ; :wordnet "analyze" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AnalyzingGroupProperties'' is a ''Detecting' (using any bodily sense or computer input, with or without instruments, or just reading information about things), of the properties of elements of a Group, followed by ''Recognizing' which properties are similar, and then ''Analyzing'' the similarities and differences specifically intended to determine which properties (or types) of elements of a Group are significant for some purpose, and then deciding *which* properties are sufficiently significant to warrant creating a 'category' for that property, and then deciding *what* Subgroups to create (to create Categories having a common property or parent type), all as a first step in ''Categorizing'' those elements by ''Assigning' them to the appropriate categories created. This step creates the ''Sort''s that are ''MentalObject''s specifying the characteristics for each ''SortedGroup'' that will be filled by a following ''Classifying'' Action This type of action is required for ''Categorizing'' but this is not necessarily a part of a ''Categorizing'' Action, if not followed by the ''Sorting''. The ''Assigning' step is separate from the 'Analyzing' step. This is also part of the operations performed by a computer in ''Clustering'. The relations are: Categorizing has subEvents AnalyzingGroupProperties and Sorting, and creates a ''Classification'' - a Group of SortedGroups (created by the ''Sorting'' subEvent). Corresponds to only parts of verbs 'detect' and 'recognize' and 'analyze' in Wordnet; WN verb 'analyze': in WordNet: 1. (21) analyze, analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas - (consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; 'analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare'; 'analyze the evidence in a criminal trial'; 'analyze your real motives') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingSomething, :Detecting, :Recognizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectAnalyzed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Categorizing ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sort ] . :AnalyzingSomething :guid "be441403-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "analyse1v", "analyse2v", "analyse3v", "analysis1n", "analysis2n", "analyze1v", "analyze2v", "analyze3v", "break down1v", "canvas4v", "canvass3v", "dissect2v", "examine1v", "study1v", "take apart3v" ; :wordnet "analyse", "analysis", "analyze", "break down", "canvas", "canvass", "dissect", "examine", "study", "take apart" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a broad sense of 'analyze' including gathering information or experimental data and examination of data and subjecting the data to any of various methods to extract information about the thing being studied. CYC: A specialization of #$ConsciousActivity and #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent: the collection of all events that involve considering something (real or imaginary) in detail in order to understand features of it. Examples include analyzing a sonnet, evidence or a spreadsheet. See also #$Evaluating, which is less a matter of pure ratiocination (but may involve, for instance, affective responses), and which also differs in being essentially directed towards an existing thing. This includes as subtypes ''AnalyticalTest'' and ''ClinicalAnalyticalTest''/ Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'analysis' and verb senses in WordNet: 1. (47) analysis - (an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole) 2. (5) analysis, analytic thinking - (the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations) WN verb 'analyse': 1. (2) analyze, analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas - (consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; 'analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare'; 'analyze the evidence in a criminal trial'; 'analyze your real motives') 2. analyze, analyse - (break down into components or essential features; 'analyze today's financial market') 3. analyze, analyse, break down, dissect, take apart - (make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features; 'analyze a specimen'; 'analyze a sentence'; 'analyze a chemical compound') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationGathering, :Investigation, :Studying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectAnalyzed ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Anarchism :wnsense "anarchism1n" ; :wordnet "anarchism" ; a :BeliefSystem, :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Anarchism'' is an ''IdeologicalBelief'' that holds that governments should not rule, and any existing should be abolished. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anarchist' in WordNet: 1. anarchism - (a political theory favoring the abolition of governments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalIdeologicalBelief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anarchist ; owl:onProperty :wasSupportedByAgent ] . :Anarchist :guid "c0c5d387-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anarchist1n", "nihilist2n", "syndicalist1n" ; :wordnet "anarchist", "nihilist", "syndicalist" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who believe in #$Anarchism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anarchist' in WordNet: 1. (1) anarchist, nihilist, syndicalist - (an advocate of anarchism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Radical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anarchism ; owl:onProperty :supportsProposition ] . :Anarchy :guid "dff17208-6da0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "anarchy1n", "lawlessness1n" ; :wordnet "anarchy", "lawlessness" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A complete or near complete lack of political order. A person who believes in #$Anarchism would prefer #$Anarchy over any other system of government. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anarchy' in WordNet: 1. (2) anarchy, lawlessness - (a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disorder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orderliness ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawEnforcementActivity ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :AnatomicalStructure :wnsense "anatomical structure1n", "bodily structure1n", "body structure1n", "complex body part1n", "structure4n" ; :wordnet "anatomical structure", "bodily structure", "body structure", "complex body part", "structure" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anatomical structure' in WordNet: 1. structure, anatomical structure, complex body part, bodily structure, body structure - (a particular complex anatomical part; 'he has good bone structure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPart, :SolidObject . :AnatomicalVessel :en "BodyVessel", "anatomical vessel" ; :guid "be425bb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vas1n", "vessel1n" ; :wordnet "vas", "vessel" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all anatomical vessels in #$Animals. Instances of this collection are tubular animal tissue which acts as a conduit for body fluids or substances passing into or out of the body. In SUMO called 'BodyVessel' SUMO: Any tube-like structure which occurs naturally in an Organism and through which a BodySubstance can circulate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vessel' in WordNet: 1. (6) vessel, vas - (a tube in which a body fluid circulates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :BodyPassageway, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :Pipe-GenericConduit . :Anatomy :wnsense "anatomy1n", "general anatomy1n" ; :wordnet "anatomy", "general anatomy" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Anatomy'' is the science that studies the structure of Organisms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anatomy' in WordNet: 1. (4) anatomy, general anatomy - (the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Morphology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnatomicalStructure ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Ancestor :wnsense "ancestor1n", "antecedent1n", "ascendant2n", "ascendent1n", "root6n" ; :wordnet "ancestor", "antecedent", "ascendant", "ascendent", "root" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Ancestor' is a Person who is in some sense a 'mother' or 'father' of the reference Person, or of one of his/her ancestors. The Mother or Father relation is generic, and not necessarily biological. So a child of an adopted child will be a grandchild, and the person who adopted one's parent is an Ancestor - more specifically, a Grandparent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ancestor' in WordNet: 1. (2) ancestor, ascendant, ascendent, antecedent, root - (someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kinsman . :AncestorsShouldBeWorshiped :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Ancestors_should_be_worshiped ; :hasTopic :ENG_Ancestors_should_be_worshiped ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :Ancestral :isAnAttributeValueOf :Ancestor, :AncestralCulture ; :pertainsTo :ReligiousIcon ; :wnsense "ancestral1adj", "ancestral2adj", "hereditary2adj", "patrimonial1adj", "transmissible3adj" ; :wordnet "ancestral", "hereditary", "patrimonial", "transmissible" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'ancestral' in Wordnet: 1. (5) ancestral, hereditary, patrimonial, transmissible - (inherited or inheritable by established rules (usually legal rules) of descent; 'ancestral home'; 'ancestral lore'; 'hereditary monarchy'; 'patrimonial estate'; 'transmissible tradition') 2. ancestral - (of or belonging to or inherited from an ancestor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AncestralCulture :en "ancestral culture" ; :enn "ancestral culture" ; :guid "c0ab167d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HumanCulture, each instance of which is a culture whose core participants identify themselves as descendants of some common ancestors. An ancestral culture is characterized by its development as part of, and in response to, the experiences of such an ancestral group. For example, there are instances of #$AncestralCulture associated with #$AfricanAmericanPerson and the #$EthnicGroupOfSerbians. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Culture . :Ancestry :wnsense "ancestry1n", "blood line1n", "blood2n", "bloodline1n", "descent6n", "line of descent2n", "line17n", "lineage1n", "origin5n", "parentage3n", "pedigree1n", "stemma2n", "stock6n" ; :wordnet "ancestry", "blood", "blood line", "bloodline", "descent", "line", "line of descent", "lineage", "origin", "parentage", "pedigree", "stemma", "stock" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person's ''Ancestry'', which includes the parents,grandparents, great- grandparents as far back as it is possible to trace the line of descent.. This represents all of the people from which one person has descended. The WN synset has terms suggesting that as the meaning, **but** the gloss suggests that this is the *descendents* rather than *ancestors* of one person. This type is for the *ancestors*, not the *descendents*. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ancestry' in WordNet: 1. (3) lineage, line, line of descent, descent, bloodline, blood line, blood, pedigree, ancestry, origin, parentage, stemma, stock - (the descendants of one individual; 'his entire lineage has been warriors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KinshipGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grandparent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Anchor :wnsense "anchor1n", "ground tackle1n" ; :wordnet "anchor", "ground tackle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Anchor'' depends for its size on the size of the Boat that it is used in; smaller boats require smaller anchors, even some so small they can be held in one hand (a ''SmallObject''). Not all anchors have the classical shaft and semicircle shape, but they can be considered 'curved' in some sense. This is for metal anchors. If others exist, this would have to be modified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anchor' in WordNet: 1. (3) anchor, ground tackle - (a mechanical device that prevents a vessel from moving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurvedObject, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingSnagged ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Anchorite :wnsense "anchorite1n", "hermit2n" ; :wordnet "anchorite", "hermit" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anchorite' in WordNet: 1. anchorite, hermit - (one retired from society for religious reasons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousOrderMember, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousOrder ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Anchorperson :guid "c0fce831-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a person who anchors a news program on television or radio""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NewsShowHost, :Newscaster . :Anchovies :en "anchovies" ; :wnsense "anchovy1n" ; :wordnet "anchovy" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Food prepared from the ''Anchovy'' fish, usually packed tightly in a small can. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anchovy' in WordNet: 1. anchovy - (tiny fishes usually canned or salted; used for hors d'oeuvres or as seasoning in sauces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fish-TheFood . :Anchovy :guid "c07317f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anchovy1n" ; :wordnet "anchovy" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of several species of small, silvery fish eaten by people or used as bait to catch larger fish. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'anchovy' in WordNet: 1. anchovy - (tiny fishes usually canned or salted; used for hors d'oeuvres or as seasoning in sauces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFish, :Fish . :Ancient :isTheOppositeOf :Modern, :New ; :ldoce "ancient" ; :wnsense "ancient1adj" ; :wordnet "ancient" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to things that were created more than 300 years before the time point of reference. usually 'ancient' means over 1000 years old. This can be used for civilizations or ways of behaving as well as for artifacts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ancient' in WordNet: 1. (5) ancient - (belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire; 'ancient history'; 'ancient civilizations such as those of the Etruscans and Sumerians'; 'ancient Greece') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Old . :AncientEgypt :hasEndingTimePoint :BC_100 ; :hasSpatialRegion :Egypt ; :hasStartingTimePoint :BC_4000 ; a :TimeAndPlace . :AncientElement :wnsense "element4n" ; :wordnet "element" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AncientElement' is one of four or so hypothetical (but discredited) instances of 'SubstanceType' that was thought to comprise the basic substances of which matter is composed. Substances such as Air and Water (and 'earth', interpreted as solid stuff) do exist, but are not properly subtypes of this type because they do not have the postulated properties. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'element' in WordNet: 4. (1) element - (one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe; 'the alchemists believed that there were four elements') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :Andes :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :SouthAmericaRegion ; a :MountainRange . :Andorra :wnsense "Andorra1n" ; :wordnet "Andorra" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Andorra' in WordNet: 1. Andorra, Principality of Andorra -- (a small republic in the eastern Pyrenees between Spain and France) """ . :Androgen :guid "bd5afd03-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "androgen1n", "androgenic hormone1n" ; :wordnet "androgen", "androgenic hormone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Class of steroids that includes the anabolic steroids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'androgen' in WordNet: 1. androgen, androgenic hormone - (male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SteroidHormone . :Android :en "droid" ; :guid "bd5890d4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "android1n", "humanoid1n", "mechanical man1n" ; :wordnet "android", "humanoid", "mechanical man" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Android'' is distinguished from a basic or primitive ''Robot'' by being so closely similar in appearance and action to a ''Person'' that it might be mistaken for a ''Person''. As of 2019, no such entities exist and it is ''Fictional'' at this point. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'android' in WordNet: 1. android, humanoid, mechanical man - (an automaton that resembles a human being) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalThing, :IndividualAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanoidRobot ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :Anecdotal :pertainsTo :Anecdote ; :wnsense "anecdotal1adj" ; :wordnet "anecdotal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Anecdotal'' characterizes Opinions that are based on ''Anecdote''s rather than careful andcontrolled analysis of evidence. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anecdotal' in Wordnet: 1. anecdotal - (having the character of an anecdote; 'anecdotal evidence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Anecdote :wnsense "anecdote1n" ; :wordnet "anecdote" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anecdote' in WordNet: 1. (8) anecdote - (short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Report . :Anemia :guid "c13847bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anaemia2n", "anemia1n" ; :wordnet "anaemia", "anemia" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of the condition in which the red cells of the blood (erythrocytes) are reduced in number or volume or are deficient in hemoglobin, their oxygen-carrying pigment. There are close to 100 different varieties of anemia, distinguished by the cause, the size and hemoglobin content of the abnormal cells, and the symptoms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anemia' in WordNet: 1. (5) anemia, anaemia - (a deficiency of red blood cells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Anemic ] . :Anemic :guid "f565f106-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Anemia ; :pertainsTo :Anemia ; :wnsense "anaemic1adj", "anemic2adj" ; :wordnet "anaemic", "anemic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: in CYC this is a group of objects,but in COSMO it is an AttributeValue. CYC: The collection of animals with anemia, a condition arising when one has insufficient iron in one's blood. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'anemic' in Wordnet: 2. anemic, anaemic - (relating to anemia or suffering from anemia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sick . :Anesthesia :wnsense "anaesthesia1n", "anesthesia1n" ; :wordnet "anaesthesia", "anesthesia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Anesthesia'' is the absence of perception of touch or pain, with or without becoming unconscious. This can be local or general; it may be caused by an anesthetic agent or by some other factor (cold, injection of a venom, nerve separation or malfunction). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anesthesia' in WordNet: 1. anesthesia, anaesthesia - (loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition . :Anesthesiologist :guid "bd58d824-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anaesthetist1n", "anesthesiologist1n", "anesthetist1n" ; :wordnet "anaesthetist", "anesthesiologist", "anesthetist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Anesthesiologist'' are doctors who specialize in ''Anesthetizing'' patients,usually for Surgery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anesthesiologist' in WordNet: 1. anesthesiologist, anesthetist, anaesthetist - (a specialist who administers an anesthetic to a patient before he is treated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anesthetizing ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anesthetic ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Anesthetic :wnsense "anesthetic1n" ; :wordnet "anesthetic" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Drug which diminishes a body's ability to perceive pain - this can be local or general. NOTE: this does *not* require that the substances thus designated are currently used as anaesthetics in medical procedures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anesthetic' in Wordnet: 1. anesthetic, anaesthetic, anesthetic agent, anaesthetic agent - (a drug that causes temporary loss of bodily sensations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depressant . :Anesthetizing :wnsense "anaesthetise1v", "anaesthetize1v", "anesthetise1v", "anesthetize1v", "put out10v", "put to sleep3v", "put under1v" ; :wordnet "anaesthetise", "anaesthetize", "anesthetise", "anesthetize", "put out", "put to sleep", "put under" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Administering an ''Anesthetic'' to cause ''Anesthesia'' (local or general). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anesthetize' in WordNet: 1. anesthetize, anaesthetize, anesthetise, anaesthetise, put to sleep, put under, put out - (make unconscious by means of anesthetic drugs; 'The patient must be anesthetized before the operation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministeringaDrug, :Ingesting, :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anesthetic ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Anew :wnsense "afresh1adv", "anew1adv" ; :wordnet "afresh", "anew" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anew' in Wordnet: 1. (3) afresh, anew - (again but in a new or different way; 'start afresh'; 'wanted to write the story anew'; 'starting life anew in a fresh place') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Again . :Angel :guid "c1006614-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "angel1n" ; :wordnet "angel" ; a :AgentType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In popular (not necessarily orthodox) Jewish, Christian, and Islamic tradition, angels are the messengers who deliver information from God to humans. The metaphor to think of is that of an oriental king sending messengers out to deliver news to his subjects. The original Greek word means 'messenger'. They are supposed to have sort of semi-divine status. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'angel' in WordNet: 1. (8) angel - (spiritual being attendant upon God) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DivineBeing, :Spirit . :Anger :guid "bd58c448-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isanIntensiveFormOf :Annoyance ; :ldoce "anger" ; :wnsense "anger1n", "anger2n", "anger3n" ; :wordnet "anger" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the feeling experienced by someone who is angry. In WordNet, 'annoyance' is a subtype of type of Anger, but in COSMO, Anger is the subtype, being more intense than the average 'Annoyance'. Cyc: Intense feeling of displeasure and usually of antagonism. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Anger include #$Belligerence, etc. For the intense state of anger predisposing to seek revenge, use 'Wrath'. This corresponds to senses 1 and 2 in WordNet - those senses seem impossible to discriminate logically: Note that sense 3 of WordNet is 'wrath', a string anger, and that is not synonymous with the more general 'Anger', but a subtype. in Wordnet: 1. (22) anger, choler, ire - (a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance) 2. (1) anger, angriness - (the state of being angry) 3. wrath, anger, ire, ira - (belligerence aroused by a real or supposed wrong (personified as one of the deadly sins)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoyance ; owl:disjointWith :Gratitude, :Happiness . :Angering :wnsense "anger1v" ; :wordnet "anger" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Angering'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' Event in which the resulting attribute is ''Angry''. The 'agent' of this Action can be a ''Person'' performing an action or some other situation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'anger' in WordNet: 1. (1) anger - (make angry; 'The news angered him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Angry ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anger ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Angiosperm :wnsense "angiosperm1n", "flowering plant1n" ; :wordnet "angiosperm", "flowering plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ SUMO: A Plant of a species that reproduces by producing seeds and flowers. This class includes trees, shrubs, herbs, and flowers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angiosperm' in WordNet: 1. angiosperm, flowering plant - (plants having seeds in a closed ovary) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spermatophyte . :AngiospermSpeciesType :guid "bd588f16-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: a metatype for flowering trees. Cyc: Not itself a species, but a set of species encompassing those that are angiosperms.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalTaxonType . :Angle :guid "bd61bd87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "angle" ; :wnsense "angle1n" ; :wordnet "angle" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$GeometricShapeType (q.v.) and a specialization of #$GeometricallyDescribableThing (q.v.) and #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing. Each instance of #$Angle is formed by two line segments (or #$HalfLine-Geometricals) diverging from the same point, or two adjoining plane surfaces diverging from the same straight line (or line segment or halfline). Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the angle formed by the intersection of two walls, and abstract objects, such as the angle formed by the intersection of two abstract lines. NOTE: this does not include solid angles! COSMO note: 'Angle' in COSMO represents the geometric Object that is an angle; linguistically, 'Angle' may be interpreted as the size of an angle, but in COSMO the size of an angle is represented by 'AngleSize' (which see). This 'angle' might be referred to linguistically as in 'the two lline meet at an angle' (where 'angle' is the region shped like an Angle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angle' in WordNet: 1. (10) angle - (the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :Size, :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Angular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :AngleBracket :wnsense "angle bracket1n", "bracket2n" ; :wordnet "angle bracket", "bracket" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'AngleBracket' is either of two 'PunctuationMark's that enclose some portion of text that has some special formatted meaning or type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angle bracket' in WordNet: 1. bracket, angle bracket - (either of two punctuation marks ('<' or '>') used in computer programming and sometimes used to enclose textual material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark . :AngleSize :ldoce "angle" ; :takesValue :PlaneAngleMeasure ; :wnsense "angle1n" ; :wordnet "angle" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AngleSize' is an AttributeType that characterizes the size of an angle, in angular measure. This is distinguished from 'Angle' per se in that 'Angle' in COSMO is an Object, and 'AngleSize' is an 'AttributeType'. Linguistically, this may be expressed as 'angle' as in 'what is the angle between x and y'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'angle' in WordNet: 1. (10) angle - (the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :Angled :wnsense "angled1adj" ; :wordnet "angled" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'angled' in Wordnet: 1. angled - (forming or set at an angle; 'angled parking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Angler :wnsense "angler2n", "troller1n" ; :wordnet "angler", "troller" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Angler'' is a ''Fisher'' who performs ''Fishing'' using a Line And Hook. This can be done for sport of as a profession; in the latter case the Person would also be a ''Fisherman''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'angler' in WordNet: 2. angler, troller - (a fisherman who uses a hook and line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fisher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Angling ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :AnglicanChurch :wnsense "Anglican Church1n", "Anglican Communion1n", "Church of England1n" ; :wordnet "Anglican Church", "Anglican Communion", "Church of England" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Anglican Church' in WordNet: 1. (2) Anglican Church, Anglican Communion, Church of England - (the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs); has its see in Canterbury and the sovereign as its temporal head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtestantDenomination . :AnglicanPerson :guid "4d8e9160-2657-11d6-8000-0090279a5c18" ; :wnsense "Anglican1n" ; :wordnet "Anglican" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who adhere to a faith in the #$AnglicanReligion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Anglican' in WordNet: 1. (2) Anglican - (a Protestant who is a follower of Anglicanism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtestantPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnglicanChurch ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Angling :wnsense "angle4v", "angling1v" ; :wordnet "angle", "angling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Question: is every case of using a ''FishingLine'' and ''FishHook'' an instance of ''Angling''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angling' in WordNet: 1. angling - (fishing with a hook and line (and usually a pole)) WN verb 'angle': 4. angle - (fish with a hook) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishingLine ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishHook ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :AnglingMotion :wnsense "angle1v" ; :wordnet "angle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AnglingMotion'' is a Translocation that is ''Angled'' relative to some reference ('forward') direction. NOTE: this type of motion could also be in one sense ''ForwardMotion'', if the direction of motion aligns with the front-to-back line of the moving object. But the object moving may be moving at an angle relative to the front-to-back line of the moving object itself. This distinction could be differentiated, - with some effort - when needed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'angle' in WordNet: 1. (2) angle - (move or proceed at an angle; 'he angled his way into the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Angled ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :AngloPerson :en "Anglo", "Anglo-American", "white" ; :enn "Anglo", "Anglo-American", "white" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AngloPerson'' is an ''UnitedStatesPerson'' who has 'whitish' skin characteristic of ''CaucasianPerson''s whose skin colors are not noticeably 'brown' or 'yellow' or 'black'. No WN sense for this. In RHW 'Anglo' has this definition, close to the intended meaning, at least as used by non-Hispanic Americans. 1. a white American of non-Hispanic descent, as distinguished esp. from an American of Mexican or Spanish descent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CaucasianPerson, :UnitedStatesPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :White ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicColor ] . :Angola :wnsense "Angola1n" ; :wordnet "Angola" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Angola' in WordNet: 1. Angola, Republic of Angola - (a republic in southwestern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean; achieved independence from Portugal in 1975 and was the scene of civil war until 1990) """ . :Angry :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Anger ; :isTheOppositeOf :Pleased ; :ldoce "angry", "mad" ; :wnsense "angry1adj", "huffy2adj", "mad1adj", "sore3adj" ; :wordnet "angry", "huffy", "mad", "sore" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Anger. For the sense of 'angry' that applies to actions or communications, use 'ExhibitingAnger'. This corresponds to the part of adjective sense 1 of 'angry' and sense 1 of 'mad' in WordNet that characterizes people, but not to the part that characterizes an Event or communication ('showing anger' is not included in this sense): in WordNet: WN 'angry' 1. (17) angry - (feeling or showing anger; 'angry at the weather'; 'angry customers'; 'an angry silence'; 'sending angry letters to the papers') WN 'mad': 1. (12) huffy, mad, sore - (roused to anger; 'stayed huffy a good while'- Mark Twain; 'she gets mad when you wake her up so early'; 'mad at his friend'; 'sore over a remark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unhappy . :Angstrom :wnsense "angstrom1n" ; :wordnet "angstrom" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Angstrom is a LengthMeasure. 1 Angstrom = 10^(-10) m. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angstrom' in WordNet: 1. (2) angstrom, angstrom unit, A -- (a metric unit of length equal to one ten billionth of a meter (or 0.0001 micron); used to specify wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :Anguilla a :Country . :Anguish :en "travail" ; :enn "travail" ; :guid "bd58ddf9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anguish1n", "anguish2n", "torment2n" ; :wordnet "anguish", "torment" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Anguish'' is an intense ''MentalDistress''. Includes RHW sense of 'travail': 2. pain, anguish or suffering resulting from mental or physical hardship. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'anguish' in WordNet: 1. (4) anguish, torment, torture - (extreme mental distress) 2. (2) anguish - (extreme distress of body or mind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Despair, :MentalDistress . :Angular :isTheOppositeOf :Rounded ; :wnsense "angular2adj" ; :wordnet "angular" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of an object that has at least one distinctive angle in it, such as a polygon or polyhedron, or the sharp edge of a knife (see subtype ''SharpAngled''). This is for objects of two or more dimensions. This does not mean that there can be no curves; a filled semicircle will be Angular because has two prominent angles in it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'angular' in WordNet: 2. (1) angular, angulate - (having angles or an angular shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute ; owl:disjointWith :Round . :AngularDegree :ldoce "degree" ; :wnsense "degree5n" ; :wordnet "degree" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A plane angle measure. Corresponds to sense 5 of 'degree' in WordNet: 5. (7) degree, arcdegree - (a measure for arcs and angles; \"there are 360 degrees in a circle\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlaneAngleMeasure . :AngularMomentum :takesValue :MassMeasure ; :wnsense "angular momentum1n" ; :wordnet "angular momentum" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AngularMomentum'' is a property of rotating PhysicalObjects. For a point object it is a simple calculation of the linear momentum times the distance from the center of rotation. For rotating objects with mass distributed at a number of points from the center, the individual contributions of each piece must be summed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angular momentum' in WordNet: 1. angular momentum - (the product of the momentum of a rotating body and its distance from the axis of rotation; 'any rotating body has an angular momentum about its center of mass'; 'angular momentum makes the world go round') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :AngularShape :wnsense "angular shape1n" ; :wordnet "angular shape" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AngularShape'' is a three-dimensional shape for Objects that have some form of significant 'angle' whether in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional Object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'angularity' in WordNet: 1. angular shape, angularity - (a shape having one or more sharp angles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shape . :Aniline :guid "95f84b5a-fbcf-41d6-8b71-932fad57b2ea" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C6H7N ; :hasComponentSubstance :Nitrogen ; :wnsense "aminobenzine1n", "aniline1n", "phenylamine1n" ; :wordnet "aminobenzine", "aniline", "phenylamine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of samples of aniline; C6H5NH2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aniline' in WordNet: 1. aniline, aniline oil, aminobenzine, phenylamine - (oily poisonous liquid amine obtained from nitrobenzene and used to make dyes and plastics and medicines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyBasicSubstance, :PrimaryAmine . :AnimacyAttribute :isaSynonymOf :VitalityAttributeValue ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO term approximately equivalent to 'VitalityAttribute'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Animadverting :eng "animadverting" ; :wnsense "animadvert1v" ; :wordnet "animadvert" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Animadverting'' is an ''Opining'' in which a Person asserts an ''UnfavorableOpinion'' (with or without hesitation). Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'animadvert' in WordNet: 1. opine, speak up, animadvert, sound off - (speak one's opinion without fear or hesitation; 'John spoke up at the meeting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnfavorableOpinion ] . :Animal :guid "bd58b031-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "animal" ; :wnsense "animal1n", "creature1n" ; :wordnet "animal", "creature" ; a :AgentType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note:for non-human animals, use the subtype 'NonHumanAnimal'. The restriction requires that all animals have 'SkinTissue' on most of the surface. Cyc: An instance of #$BiologicalKingdom, and a specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Instances of #$Animal are typically motile, living, whole organisms; they are instances of #$Heterotroph (q.v.), and thus incapable of performing instances of #$Photosynthesis-Generic. Animal cells contain cholesterol and lack cell walls made of cellulose. #$Person is a specialization of #$Animal; see also #$NonPersonAnimal. Note that not all animals are 'IntentionalAgents', able to form plans of action; as of v0.54, only mammals are characterized as IntentionalAgent - but this may change depending on whether evidence of planning is found in other branches of the Animal kingdom. SUMO: An Organism with eukaryotic Cells, and lacking stiff cell walls and photosynthetic pigments. WordNet includes 'creature' and 'beast' in the generic 'animal. in WordNet: 1. (16) animal, animate being, beast, brute, creature, fauna - (a living organism characterized by voluntary movement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBLO, :EukaryoticOrganism, :Heterotroph, :Organism, :PerceptualAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasVitalityAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:VitalityAttributeValue :VitalityAttributeType ) ] ] . :AnimalActivity :guid "bd588daa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "activity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This conceptually includes as subtype ''HumanActivity', the activities of people and ''GroupOfPeople'' s and Organizations, but this type itself can be used for actions of ''NonHumanAnimal''s. In a few cases of physical action, some non-human animals may perform the same kind of Action, though the default expectation will be that it is done by humans unless otherwise specified. NOTE: This does not include ''Sleeping''. The activities that are performed as subtypes of this type are done while ''Awake''. Cyc: A specialization of #$Action. Each instance of #$AnimalActivity is a spatially-localized action, each of whose doers (see #$doneBy) is either an #$Animal or a group of animals (i.e. a #$Group all of whose members are #$Animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimateActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :GroupOfAnimals :Organization ) ] ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ] . :AnimalArtifact :en "animal artifact" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''AnimalArtifact'' is a ''Artifact-Generic'' and a ''SolidObject'' that has been produced by a ''NonHumanAnimal'' (each type of ''NonHumanAnimal'' is an instance of ''BeastType''), This is PhysicalObject, but includes tunnels made by animals, which are considered to include both the open space that serves as a passage, as well as the part of the wall that extends enough into the ground to provide some stability to the structure (somewhat similar to a BodyOfWater that includes part of the solid container structure). Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'natural object' in WordNet: 1. natural object - (an object occurring naturally; not made by man) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeastType ] . :AnimalAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute meaningful only as applied to bioogical Agents, including animals, people, and groups and organizations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentAttributeValue . :AnimalBLO :guid "c0fe0761-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this includes animal parts as well as whole animals. For whole animals, use 'Animal'. Cyc: A specialization of #$BiologicalLivingObject that includes all living animals, body parts of living animals, and body regions of living animals. #$AnimalBLO is thus the union (see #$collectionUnion) of #$Animal, #$AnimalBodyPart, and #$AnimalBodyRegion (qq.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalLivingObject . :AnimalBathing :en "animal bathing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AnimalBathing'' is the action of a non-human animal immersing itself in water intentionally for any purpose - to get clean or to cool off or to get rid of pests. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid, :WashingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonHumanAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :AnimalBedding :hasQualitativeAttribute :Soft ; :wnsense "bedding2n" ; :wordnet "bedding" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AnimalBedding' is a substance that could be rags, shredded paper (as for birds or mice in cages) or any other marerial, usually soft. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bedding' in WordNet: 2. bedding material, bedding, litter - (material used to provide a bed for animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceRole . :AnimalBody :isaPartOf :Animal ; :ldoce "body" ; :wnsense "body1n" ; :wordnet "body" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AnimalBody is the physical part of an Animal, living or dead. In a materialistic view, this would be identical to the type 'Animal'; however, this accommodates the spiritualist view that a person is composed of Body and Soul, and therefore that the body is only a part of a whole Person. This also accommodates the less common view that non-human animals have a 'soul' of sorts. Some cultures even attribute a 'soul' to certain kinds of trees, but this type applies only to animal bodies. NOTE that 'body' in the sense of 'dead body' is represented as 'Corpse' or more specifically as 'HumanCorpse'. Microorganisms do not have 'bodies' in COSMO: a microorganism is identical to its whole cell, including its parts. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'body' (referring to animals) in WordNet: 1. (536) body, organic structure, physical structure - (the entire structure of an organism (especially an animal or human being); 'he felt as if his whole body were on fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpaqueObject, :OrganicObject, :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ] . :AnimalBodyPart :guid "bd58801c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is or was a part of some animal. NOTE: this differs from Cyc in that Cyc requires that the part be part of a living animal, whereas in COSOMO it only has to have been part of an Animal at some time.. Note that in at least one case, a 'Lap', it is only a part when the person is in a seated position. show to handle this - not always a Part? For bodyparts that are still in the animal, when relevant, they can be asserted to have the attributeValue ''InSitu''. Cyc: A specialization of #$AnimalBodyRegion. Each instance of #$AnimalBodyPart is an anatomical part of some living animal, and thus is itself an instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject (q.v). #$AnimalBodyPart includes both highly localized organs (for example, hearts) and physical systems composed of parts distributed throughout an animal's body (such as an animal's circulatory system and nervous system). Note that severed limbs and removed organs are _not_ instances of this collection, since they are not _parts_ of some living animal. NOTE also that body liquids such as blood and lymph are not considered 'AnimalBodyPart' in COSMO, but are categorized as 'BodyFluid'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyRegion, :BodyPart, :HumanScaleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :AnimalBodyPart-Female :en "female body part" ; :enn "female body part" ; :guid "bf0d3c5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$AnimalBodyParts that are generally found only on female animals. Any collection representing a type of body part that is generally found only on female animals should have this collection as a #$genls. For example, all instances of #$Breast and #$Uterus are instances of #$AnimalBodyPart-Female, and the collections #$Breast and #$Uterus are subsets of it. See also #$AnimalBodyPart-Male.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart . :AnimalBodyPartType :guid "bd58e7da-9c29-11b19dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of specializations of #$AnimalBodyRegion. Each instance of #$AnimalBodyPartType is a collection of body parts, where the parts in question are differentiated from other body parts according to structure or function. Instances of #$AnimalBodyPartType include #$SpinalColumn, #$Eyelash, #$NervousSystem, #$Urethra, #$Wing-AnimalBodyPart, and #$HeelOfPalm.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismPartType . :AnimalBodyRegion :SUMO "AnimalAnatomicalStructure" ; :guid "bd5adaa1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AnimalBLO. Each instance of #$AnimalBodyRegion is a significant spatial subdivision of the body of some animal, where the subdivision in question is usually contiguous, and has some more or less clear boundary. Instances of this collection include anatomical parts (see the specialization #$AnimalBodyPart) , such as a person's head, beard, or right arm. In addition, this collection includes body regions that are not anatomical parts, such as a blister, a puncture wound, or a bruise. SUMO: AnatomicalStructures that are possessed exclusively by Animals. Also, 'parts' composed solely of liquids, such as the blood of an animal, are not included as regions. For bodyparts that are still in the animal, when relevant, they can be asserted to have the attributeValue ''InSitu''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBLO . :AnimalCage :guid "bd58d8ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToContain :Animal ; :ldoce "cage" ; :wnsense "cage1n" ; :wordnet "cage" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container used to keep a mobile animal within a certain area. Usually has a fair amount of open space along the perimeters, often to permit viewing of the caged animal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cage' in WordNet: 1. (4) cage, coop - (an enclosure made or wire or metal bars in which birds or animals can be kept) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cage . :AnimalCell :en "animal cell" ; :enn "animal cell" ; :guid "bd58c15b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Cells that #$Animals and parts of #$Animals are made of.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EukaryoticCell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :AnimalContainer :en "animal container" ; :enn "animal container" ; :guid "c1006cac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all containers designed to hold living animals (including people): cages, terrariums, pens, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :AnimalContestant a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''AnimalContestant'' is an ''Animal'' that could be Human or not, who is competing or has competed in a 'AnimalSportEvent''. Can be for any kind of animal contestant - race horse, fighting dog, racing dog, etc. \"wasaCompetitorInCompetition\" WN does not appear to have an entry for this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaCompetitorInCompetition ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimalSportEvent ] . :AnimalControlDevice a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AnimalControlDevice'' is a ''Device'' that controls or assists controlling some NonHumanAnimal by means other than confinement. a \"Leash','Reins'.'electronic collar', are some examples. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BeastType :NonHumanAnimal ) ] ] . :AnimalCovering :en "animal covering", "animal-made covering" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AnimalCovering'' is a ''AnimalArtifact''that is a ''ProtectiveObject'' created by a NonHumanAnimal to provide some form of cover as protection. The ''AnimalCovering'' may be very crude, and not as effective as a ''Covering'' srtifact created by people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalArtifact, :ProtectiveObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeastType ] . :AnimalDisease :en "disease of animals" ; :wnsense "disease1n", "illness1n", "malady2n", "sickness1n" ; :wordnet "disease", "illness", "malady", "sickness" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'AilmentCondition' that is due to some biochemical malfunction within the body of some ''Animal'' (not a ''Plant''), rather than the result of some externally-induced trauma. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disease' in Wordnet: 1. (27) disease - (an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning) WN 'sickness': 1. (4) illness, unwellness, malady, sickness - (impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Disease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUndesirableTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ] ; owl:disjointWith :PlantDisease . :AnimalFeeding :ldoce "eat", "feed" ; :wnsense "eat1v", "feed6v" ; :wordnet "eat", "feed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AnimalFeeding' is the (intransitive sense) act of some non-human animal feeding in some way, as by eating something (plant or animal), or by ingesting nutrients such as by sucking blood. When used in a similar trnasitive sense with the verb 'eat', it is usually expressed as 'feed on', as in 'the mosquitoes fed on rabbits blood'. If one says 'the mosquitoes fed on rabbits', that must be interpreted pragmatically as meaning that they ate the rabbits' blood, not whole rabbits; this requires pragmatic interpretation of such sentences. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'feed' and sense 1 of 'eat' in WordNet: 6. (3) feed, eat - (take in food; used of animals only; 'This dog doesn't eat certain kinds of meat'; 'What do whales eat?') WN verb 'eat': 1. (479) eat - (take in solid food; 'She was eating a banana'; 'What did you eat for dinner last night?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ] . :AnimalFood :ldoce "feed" ; :wnsense "feed1n" ; :wordnet "feed" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Food intended or used primarily to feed DomesticAnimals, including farm animals and house pets and wild birds. For the farm animal food, use the subtype 'Fodder'. NOTE: this is an ''ArtificialSubstance'' because it is prepared and/or packaged specifically for feeding animals. Food may be fed to animals (e.g. table scraps) that are not ''AnimalFood' because it is not prepared for that purpose. In SUMO, no distinction seems to be made SUMO: Fodder is the subclass of Food that is intended for instances of DomesticAnimal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feed' in Wordnet: 1. (32) feed, provender - (food for domestic livestock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Food . :AnimalHusbandry :en "raising animals", "raising farm animals" ; :wnsense "animal husbandry1n" ; :wordnet "animal husbandry" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AnimalHusbandry'' is the business of raising animals for sale, characteristically on a ''Ranch'' (a subtype of ''Farm''), but also on smaller scale on a ''Farm'' not considered a ''Ranch''. Keeping , raising, or breeding domestic animals as companions is not included. (see ''KeepingPets''). NOTE that this includes ''FeedingAnAnimal'' as subevent, and that includes providing range land for them to graze, not just giving them fodder. ''AnimalHusbandry'' is distinct from keeping (indoor) pets. Nevertheless some ''FarmAnimals'' are kept *outdoors* almost as pets,perhaps (as with hens) just to obtain eggs for personal use. That is not included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal husbandry' in WordNet: 1. animal husbandry - (breeding and caring for farm animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgricultureOrHusbandry, :BiologicalProductionEvent, :HelpingAnAgent, :RaisingAnimals, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FeedingAnAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :FarmAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Farmer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:NonHumanAnimal :FoodType :AnimalType ) ] ] . :AnimalMadeShelter :en "animal made shelter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AnimalShelter'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalArtifact, :Habitation, :ProtectiveObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeastType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :AnimalMotionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AnimalMotionType'' is a metatype whose instances are subtypes of ''Action'' and of ''Motion'' performed by some ''Animal'' including people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :MotionType . :AnimalPen :guid "c0fbb883-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pen" ; :wnsense "pen2n" ; :wordnet "pen" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """fenced in outdoor area for animals. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pen' in WordNet: 2. (1) pen - (an enclosure for confining livestock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalContainer, :Enclosure . :AnimalPoweredDevice :en "animal powered device" ; :enn "animal powered device" ; :guid "c0fd5dad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$AnimalPoweredDevice is a device that is powered by animal muscle power and not by any human user, although a human user may control the device and/or direct the animal. SUMO: AnimalPoweredDevice is the subclass of Devices that function with power supplied by animals. Examples: oxcarts, horse-drawn plows, mule-driven mills.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusclePoweredDevice . :AnimalProduct :wnsense "animal product1n" ; :wordnet "animal product" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An''AnimalProduct'' is any ''Product'' derived from a NonHumanAnimal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal product' in WordNet: 1. animal product - (a product made from animal material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Product . :AnimalReproductionEvent :ldoce "breed" ; :wnsense "breed4v", "breeding5n", "reproduce2v", "reproduction5n" ; :wordnet "breed", "breeding", "reproduce", "reproduction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AnimalReproductionEvent' is a 'SexualReproductionEvent' involving two animals that mate with the result that the female bears young. NOTE that the event of 'SexualCopulation' is only a *part* of this whole Event, but it is a necessary part. Reproduction using Artificial means of insemination is not included in this type.. @ToDo: a separate type should be created for artificial reproduction. Corresponds to sense 5 of 'reproduction', verb sense 2 of 'reproduce', verb sense 4 of 'breed' and noun sense 5 of 'breeding' in WordNet: 5. reproduction, procreation, breeding, facts of life - (the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring) WN 'reproduce' 2. (1) reproduce, procreate, multiply - (have offspring or young; 'The deer in our neighborhood reproduce madly'; 'The Catholic Church tells people to procreate, no matter what their economic situation may be') WN 'breed': 4. breed, multiply - (have young (animals); 'pandas rarely breed in captivity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :SexualReproductionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfAnimals ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualCopulation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :AnimalRole a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Role played by an animal that has been named by some linguistic term. See the subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :Role . :AnimalShell :ldoce "shell" ; :wnsense "shell3n" ; :wordnet "shell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The hard external shells that cover most of the exterior of certain animals such as turtles. For the coverings of clams and other molluscs, use 'SeaShell'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shell' in WordNet: 3. (2) carapace, shell, cuticle, shield - (hard outer covering or case of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyCovering, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShellSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :AnimalSkin :wnsense "animal skin1n" ; :wordnet "animal skin" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AnimalSkin'' is an''AnimalProduct'' derived from the ''Skin'' of a NonHumanAnimal by remving the skin from the (dead) animal and possibly performing some processing that leaves it intact as a sheet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal skin' in WordNet: 1. animal skin - (the outer covering of an animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalProduct . :AnimalSound :en "animal sound" ; :guid "bd620dbf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ''AnimalSound''s are interpreted as the Event consisting of the act of an animal emitting the sound. plus the Event of the sound wave being propagated. These subevents can be disassociated if necessary. A specialization of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. Each instance of #$AnimalSound is a sound of a type which originally was, and typically is, made by an animal using just its body parts (though such a sound may subsequently have been reproduced by imitation or recording). Examples of #$AnimalSounds include instances of #$Birdsong, #$NeighingSound, #$PurringSound, #$BarkingSound, and #$BrayingSound. Note that the restriction to sounds produced by body parts alone excludes noises produced by moving external objects; consequently, #$AnimalSound does _not_ include rustling the leaves underfoot, splashing water, or playing a musical instrument. Note that this collection is not a specialization of #$Action, or #$BodyMovementEvent, since it refers to animal sounds themselves, not to the activity of making animal sounds (though events of both types usually accompany one another. See #$EmittingSound for the latter.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, :InformationBearingWavePropagation . :AnimalSportEvent :en "animal sport", "animal sport event", "animal sports event" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AnimalSportEvent'' .is an Event of a type that is called by some a 'sport' because it is a competition, but it involves at least one ''NonHumanAnimal''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfAnimals ] . :AnimalSting :en "animal sting", "sting" ; :enn "sting" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW noun 'sting': 19. Zool. any of various sharp-pointed, often venom-bearing organs of insects and other animals capable of inflicting painful or dangerous wounds. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :PointyEndedObject . :AnimalSubstance a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: BodySubstances that are produced exclusively by Animals. @ToDo: NOTE: in SUMO,Honey is a subtype, so this may have to be interpreted as substances that are not actually contained as such inside the animal.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySubstance . :AnimalTissue :hasUnitObject :Cell ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Animal ; :isaConstituentSubstanceOf :Animal ; :wnsense "animal tissue1n" ; :wordnet "animal tissue" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AnimalTissue'' is a ''Tissue'' produced by and partly consisting an ''Animal''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal tissue' in WordNet: 1. animal tissue - (the tissue in the bodies of animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tissue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isaConstituentSubstanceOf ] . :AnimalTrack :wnsense "trail1n" ; :wordnet "trail" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AnimalTrack'' is the 'Traces'' (objects, scents, substances, or marks) that remain in some location after an animal (including people) has passed through that location. This includes the odors that a BLoodhound might pick up, so it is not necessarily 'visible'. The passage of the animal is referenced by the placeholder relation 'isEvidenceFor - BeingInaPlace' which can be more specific about what or who is or was where, when needed. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'trail' (for animal tracks) in WordNet: 1. (5) trail - (a track or mark left by something that has passed; 'there as a trail of blood'; 'a tear left its trail on her cheek') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence, :Traces, :TrackOnGround, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remaining ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingLeftOver ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isEvidenceFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :AmbulatingThroughaPlace ] . :AnimalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """AnimalType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for an Animal. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismType . :Animate :isTheOppositeOf :Inanimate ; :wnsense "animate2adj" ; :wordnet "animate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Animate'' is an attribute of Organic objects that have some form of life, notably Organisms and viruses. This cotrasts with ''Inanimate'' things such as minerals, fluids and inorganic objects. Dead organisms are 'inanimate when all individualcells have died and they are incapable of being restored to life. RHW: 7. alive; possessing life: animate creatures Includes but is broader than adjective sense 2 of 'animate' (includes plants as well as animal) in Wordnet: 2. animate - (endowed with animal life as distinguished from plant life; 'we are animate beings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AnimateActivity :en "animate activity" ; :enn "animate activity" ; :guid "31d87aae-5580-41d7-8025-c8e9f7c3ffca" ; :wnsense "organic phenomenon1n" ; :wordnet "organic phenomenon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Action (q.v.) and #$Event-Localized. Every instance of #$AnimateActivity is a spatially-localized action, each of whose doers (see #$doneBy and #$animateDoers) is either a #$BiologicalLivingObject or a group of BLOs (i.e. a #$Group all of whose members are BLOs). Specializations of this collection include #$AnimalActivity, #$BiologicalEvent, and #$PhysiologicalProcess. Approximately equivalent to SUMO 'PhysiologicProcess' SUMO A normal process of an Organism or part of an Organism.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'organic phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. organic phenomenon - ((biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action . :AnimateThing :en "animate thing" ; :enn "animate thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anything that is ''Animate'' (as opposed to ''Inanimate'') \"lifeform\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :InanimateThing ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:ThingWithAttribute [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ) ] . :Animism :wnsense "animism1n" ; :wordnet "animism" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :MentalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Animism'' has subtypes - Class or instance?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animism' in WordNet: 1. animism - (the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls; ' animism is common among primitive peoples') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhilosophicalSchool, :PrimalIndigenousReligion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animists ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NaturalObjectsHaveSouls ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Animists :believes :Animism ; :en "animists" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "animist1n" ; :wordnet "animist" ; a :ReligiousGroup ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to the plural of noun sense 1 of 'animist' in WordNet: 1. animist - (one who accepts the doctrine of animism) """ . :Animosity :wnsense "animosity1n", "animus1n", "bad blood1n" ; :wordnet "animosity", "animus", "bad blood" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Animosity'' is a intenser and more long-lasting form of ''Hostility''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animosity' in WordNet: 1. (1) animosity, animus, bad blood - (a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hostility . :Anion :wnsense "anion1n" ; :wordnet "anion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Ion'' having a negative charge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anion' in WordNet: 1. (2) anion - (a negatively charged ion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ion . :Anise :guid "bfe0939f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anise2n", "aniseed1n" ; :wordnet "anise", "aniseed" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'anise' in WordNet: 2. anise, aniseed - (liquorice-flavored seeds or oil u sed in cookies or cakes or pickles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seasoning, :Spice . :Ankle :guid "bd58be47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ankle" ; :wnsense "ankle1n" ; :wordnet "ankle" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The flexible joint between the lower leg and the foot, that contains the ''AnkleJoint''. SUMO: The joint in the Leg that connects the tibia and the fibula to the talus. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'ankle' (the whole ankle including the covering skin and muscles) in WordNet: 1. (7) ankle, ankle joint, mortise joint, articulatio talocruralis - (a gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnkleJoint ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leg ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :AnkleAndToe :hasComponentElement :Ankle, :Toe ; a :Group, :Pair . :AnkleJoint :guid "bf08b2df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ankle joint1n", "articulatio talocruralis1n", "mortise joint1n" ; :wordnet "ankle joint", "articulatio talocruralis", "mortise joint" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the 'joint' that is inside the ''Ankle'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ankle joint' in WordNet: 1. ankle, ankle joint, mortise joint, articulatio talocruralis - (a gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GlidingJoint . :Anklet :guid "bd58970a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ankle bracelet1n", "anklet3n" ; :wordnet "ankle bracelet", "anklet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of anklets, a kind of jewelry (typically ringlike in shape) intended to be worn on the ankle. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'anklet' in WordNet: 3. anklet, ankle bracelet - (an ornament worn around the ankle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bracelet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ankle ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :AnnealingGlass :wnsense "anneal1n", "temper1v" ; :wordnet "anneal", "temper" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AnnealingGlass'' is a form of Strengthening a Glass object is strengthened (made able to resist fracturing when struck) by careful heating and cooling at a controlled rate. This type represents the state change in the object being anealed. The procedure that results in this change is represented by ''HeatingAndCoolingSomething''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'anneal' in WordNet: 1. anneal, temper, normalize - (toughen (steel or glass) by a process of gradually heating and cooling; 'temper glass') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strengthening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingAndCoolingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Annihilation :wnsense "annihilation2n", "disintegration4n" ; :wordnet "annihilation", "disintegration" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Annihilation'' is a ''DestructionEvent'' in which something that did exist no longer exists, due to some Event - not necessarily a purposive Action. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'annihilation' in WordNet: 2. (1) annihilation, disintegration - (total destruction; \"bomb tests resulted in the annihilation of the atoll\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CeasingToExist, :DestructionEvent . :AnniversaryDay :wnsense "anniversary1n" ; :wordnet "anniversary" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Day which coincides with the DayOfTheYear that marks some integer number of years since an Event. The date can be an actual date on which an Event historically occurred, or merely a conventional date selected as the anniversary when the actual date is not known, as ''ChristmasHoliday''. NOte: the interval of time that has elapsed between the original refereced Day or Event is specified by the relation ''isLaterThanReferenceByYears''. See ''CentennialDay'' for an example. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anniversary' in Wordnet: 1. (5) anniversary, day of remembrance - (the date on which an event occurred in some previous year (or the celebration of it)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day . :Annotation :wnsense "annotation1n", "notation2n", "note6n" ; :wordnet "annotation", "notation", "note" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'annotation' in WordNet: 1. note, annotation, notation - (a comment or instruction (usually added); 'his notes were appended at the end of the article'; 'he added a short notation to the address on the envelope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Commentary . :Announcement :guid "c0fd5432-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "announcement1n", "announcement2n" ; :wordnet "announcement" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$PropositionalConceptualWork bearing a message to some agent(s) that a particular event has occurred or is scheduled to occur. This is the Abstract text. It can be about a past or future event. SUMO: Any Text which contains information about an event in the future. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'announcement' in WordNet: 1. (4) announcement, proclamation, annunciation, declaration - (a formal public statement; 'the government made an announcement about changes in the drug war'; 'a declaration of independence') 2. (3) announcement, promulgation - (a public statement about something that is happening or going to happen; 'the announcement appeared in the local newspaper'; 'the promulgation was written in English') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FactualText, :PropositionalConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Announcing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :Announcer :wnsense "announcer2n" ; :wordnet "announcer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'announcer' in WordNet: 2. announcer - (reads news, commercials on radio or television) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broadcaster, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnnouncingOnRadioOrTV ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Announcing :wnsense "announce1v", "declare2v" ; :wordnet "announce", "declare" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Announcing'' is an ''Informing' that has a large ''GroupOfPeople'' as an intended audience. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'announce' in WordNet: 2. (13) announce, declare - (announce publicly or officially; 'The President declared war\"') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Announcement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GroupOfPeople :ThePublic :GroupType ) ] ] . :AnnouncingOnRadioOrTV a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AnnouncingOnRadioOrTV'' is an ''Announcing'' in which an ''Announcer'' speaks into a microphone and the resulting speech is broadcast to anyone who can receive the signal. The Announcer'' typically does not know who is in the audience, which is out of the Announcer's sight. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Announcer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioOrTVAudience ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ] . :Annoyance :ldoce "annoyance" ; :wnsense "annoyance1n", "annoyance2n", "botheration1n", "vexation1n", "vexation2n" ; :wordnet "annoyance", "botheration", "vexation" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mild unhappiness caused by some unpleasant event, not as string as anger. NOTE in WordNet one sense of 'annoyance is a subtype of anger- this type is a parent type, with 'anger' being more intense. This includes sense 1 and 2 of 'annoyance' in WordNet: 1. (3) irritation, annoyance, vexation, botheration - (the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed) 2. (1) annoyance, chafe, vexation - (anger produced by some annoying irritation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :Unhappiness . :Annoyed :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Annoyance ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AnnoyingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Happy ; :ldoce "annoy" ; :wnsense "annoyed1adj", "irritated2adj", "miffed1adj", "nettled1adj", "peeved1adj", "pissed off1adj", "pissed1adj", "riled1adj", "roiled1adj", "steamed2adj", "stung1adj" ; :wordnet "annoyed", "irritated", "miffed", "nettled", "peeved", "pissed", "pissed off", "riled", "roiled", "steamed", "stung" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Annoyance. In COSMO this is considered as a mild (less intense) form of 'Angry'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'annoyed' in WordNet: 1. (3) annoyed, irritated, miffed, nettled, peeved, pissed, pissed off, riled, roiled, steamed, stung - - (aroused to impatience or anger; 'made an irritated gesture'; 'feeling nettled from the constant teasing'; 'peeved about being left out'; 'felt really pissed at her snootiness'; 'riled no end by his lies'; 'roiled by the delay') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :PersonAttributeValue, :Unhappy . :Annoying :isTheOppositeOf :Amusing ; :ldoce "annoying" ; :wnsense "annoying1adj", "bothersome1adj", "galling1adj", "irritating1adj", "nettlesome1adj", "pesky1adj", "pestering1adj", "pestiferous4adj", "plaguy1adj", "teasing3adj", "vexatious1adj", "vexing1adj" ; :wordnet "annoying", "bothersome", "galling", "irritating", "nettlesome", "pesky", "pestering", "pestiferous", "plaguy", "teasing", "vexatious", "vexing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of events or people or actions that cause Annoyance. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'annoying' in WordNet: 1. (1) annoying, bothersome, galling, irritating, nettlesome, pesky, pestering, pestiferous, plaguy, plaguey, teasing, vexatious, vexing - (causing irritation or annoyance; 'tapping an annoying rhythm on his glass with his fork'; 'aircraft noise is particularly bothersome near the airport'; 'found it galling to have to ask permission'; 'an irritating delay'; 'nettlesome paperwork'; 'a pesky mosquito'; 'swarms of pestering gnats'; 'a plaguey newfangled safety catch'; 'a teasing and persistent thought annoyed him'; 'a vexatious child'; 'it is vexing to have to admit you are wrong') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AnnoyingEvent :causes :Annoyance ; :ldoce "annoy" ; :wnsense "annoy1v", "annoyance5n", "annoying1n", "bother2v", "chafe1v", "devil1v", "get at3v", "get to3v", "irritate1v", "irritation7n", "nettle2v", "rile1v", "vex1v", "vexation4n" ; :wordnet "annoy", "annoyance", "annoying", "bother", "chafe", "devil", "get at", "get to", "irritate", "irritation", "nettle", "rile", "vex", "vexation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AnnoyingEvent is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to experience Annoyance. The Event causing Amusement does not necessarily have to be an action of a cognitive agent, because Annoyance can occur due to naturally occurring events involving inanimate objects. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'annoy' and verb sense 1 of 'irritate' and verb sense 2 of 'bother' includes noun sense 7 of 'irritation' and sense 5 of 'annoyance' in WordNet: 1. (5) annoy, rag, get to, bother, get at, irritate, rile, nark, nettle, gravel, vex, chafe, devil - (cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations; 'Mosquitoes buzzing in my ear really bothers me'; 'It irritates me that she never closes the door after she leaves') WN 'annoyance': 5. annoyance, annoying, irritation, vexation - (the act of troubling or annoying someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Annoyance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :Annoyance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BadExperience ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoying ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :AnnoyingThing :en "annoying thing" ; :enn "annoying thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AnnoyingThing'' is .anything - object or """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoyance ; owl:onProperty :perceivingCausesMentalEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoying ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AnnualClimateCycle :guid "bd5901a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :CycleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$WeatherEvent. Each instance of #$AnnualClimateCycle is an extended event, one year in length, which encompasses sub-events marking the changing of the seasons (see the collection #$SeasonOfYear and its specializations). Specializations of #$AnnualClimateCycle include #$TemperateClimateCycle and #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle (qq.v). See also #$ClimateCycleType and #$hasClimateType.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cycle, :WeatherEvent . :Annulling :wnsense "abrogation1n", "annul1v", "annulment2n", "annulment3n", "invalidate1v", "invalidation1n", "nullify1v", "quash2v", "repeal1n", "void1v" ; :wordnet "abrogation", "annul", "annulment", "invalidate", "invalidation", "nullify", "quash", "repeal", "void" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'annul' in WordNet: 1. invalidate, annul, quash, void, avoid, nullify - (declare invalid; 'The contract was annulled'; 'void a plea') WN noun 'annulment': 2. annulment, invalidation - ((law) a formal termination (of a relationship or a judicial proceeding etc)) 3. abrogation, repeal, annulment - (the act of abrogating; an official or legal cancellation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canceling . :Anointing :wnsense "anele1v", "embrocate1v", "inunct1v", "noint2v" ; :wordnet "anele", "embrocate", "inunct", "noint" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Anointing'' is a BlessingEvent in which some oil is applied to a Person. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'anoint' in WordNet: 2. anoint, inunct, oil, anele, embrocate - (administer an oil or ointment to ; often in a religious ceremony of blessing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingSomethingToSurface, :BlessingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oil ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :Anomaly :wnsense "anomalousness1n", "anomaly1n" ; :wordnet "anomalousness", "anomaly" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Anomaly'' is something unusual and surprising (i.e. ''Strange''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anomaly' in WordNet: 1. anomaly, anomalousness - (deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbnormalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strange ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Anonymity :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute :Unidentified ; :wnsense "anonymity1n", "namelessness1n" ; :wordnet "anonymity", "namelessness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Anonymity' is the ''Status'' (SocialState,a PersistentState) in which one or more Persons who have performed some Action that is known to others, but those others do not know the name or other identifying information about that ''Anonymous' Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anonymity' in WordNet: 1. (1) anonymity, namelessness - (the state of being anonymous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Status . :Anonymous :en "anonymous" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subtype of UnknownAgents who are people (or groups of people) and who created some ConceptualWork. For the adjective 'anonymous' use 'unidientified'. To create a required filler for agents, 'UnidentifiedAgent' should be used. In Wordnet 'anonymous' is only an adjective. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnidentifiedPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unidentified ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :Anonymous1 :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; :hasVitalityAttribute :DeadOrAlive ; a :Person ; rdfs:comment """The name given to those who have intentionally withheld their true name, usually so that they cannot be identified as the author of a work. In COSMO this is not the same as 'UnknownPerson', which is used when no identifying information is available. 'Anonymous' is a form of identifying information a reticent person. If an attribution of 'Anonymous' is known to mean 'author unkown', then 'UnknownPerson' should be used.""" . :AnonymousAuthor a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """AnonymousAuthor is the Type representing all AuthorOfRecords that are listed officially as 'Anonymous'. Instances of this Type can be used as object of the 'wasAuthoredBy' relation. Each case where an author is listed as 'Anonymous' should be recorded as a separate instance of 'AnonymousAuthor' so as to avoid the inference that all things written by 'Anonymous' were written by the same person. One could use 'Anonymous001', 'Anonymous2685', etc. as the anonymous authors of specific works, or, to make it easier to recognize that anonymous individual directly from the name, one could use e,g, 'Anonymous_PrimaryColors' to indicate the work that the anonymous authored. If it is known in fact that the same anonymous author authored more than one work, the same instance of 'AnonymousAuthor' can be used as the filler for 'wasAuthoredBy'. To specify that some author was anonymous without creating a new instance of 'Author', use 'UnidentifiedAuthor', which has the attribute 'Unidentified' and that will signal the reasoner to not try to equate that instance with any other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anonymous, :Author, :Role, :UnknownAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnknownVitalityAttribute ; owl:onProperty :hasVitalityAttribute ] . :Anorexia :wnsense "anorexia1n" ; :wordnet "anorexia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anorexia' in WordNet: 1. (1) anorexia - (a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingDisorder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Another :ldoce "another" ; :wnsense "another1adj", "some other1adj" ; :wordnet "another", "some other" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Another'' specifies *one* object of the type that the adjective modifies in the assertion, **and also** specifies that the preceding object(s) discused are of the same type *and* that the item referred to is not identical to the reference item(s). 'another' is an Adjective that does not assign an AttributeValue, but a 'type', it instantiates an entity of the same type as one already in the scope of the discourse. This is a Complex and context dependent quantitative attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'another' in Wordnet: 1. (51) another, some other - (any of various alternatives; some other; 'put it off to another (or some other) day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardinalityValue, :Different, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :elements ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :N_1 ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ] . :Anoxia :wnsense "anoxia1n" ; :wordnet "anoxia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anoxia'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' in which an Organism as sufficiently low levels of Oxygen in the blood to cause Death if not corrected. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anoxia' in WordNet: 1. anoxia - (severe hypoxia; absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeThreateningCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodOxygen ; owl:onProperty :isaLowLevelOf ] . :AnseriformBird :wnsense "anseriform bird1n" ; :wordnet "anseriform bird" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anseriform bird' in WordNet: 1. anseriform bird - (chiefly web-footed swimming birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Waterfowl . :Answer :ldoce "answer" ; :wnsense "answer1n", "answer2n", "reply1n", "response3n" ; :wordnet "answer", "reply", "response" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Answer is an InformationObject that is the result of an Inquiring (an event). This can be the result of an experiment or of a search through information sources, as well as a direct answer to a Question. For the direct linguistic answer, use 'AnswerPhrase'. For the action of answering, use 'Answering'. Although the same information may occur in simple declarative form (as in a book), and would not be an Answer in that context, this Type should be applied to that specific information that is obtained as the result of an 'Inquiring'. When an Inquiring fails to discover the information desired, it still results in an Answer in the form 'you can't find out what you want by that inquiry'. Therefore each Inquiring has some form of Answer in this sense. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'answer' in WordNet; sense 1 is represented by the more specific 'AnswerPhrase'. in WordNet: 1. (31) answer, reply, response - (a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; 'I waited several days for his answer'; 'he wrote replies to several of his critics') 2. (24) solution, answer, result, resolution, solvent - (a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem; 'they were trying to find a peaceful solution'; 'the answers were in the back of the book'; 'he computed the result to four decimal places') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Inquiring :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Responding ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :AnswerPhrase :ldoce "answer", "reply" ; :wnsense "answer1n", "reply1n", "response3n" ; :wordnet "answer", "reply", "response" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AnswerPhrase' is a Phrase that is a response to a specific linguistic Question. The phrase may be elliptic, as few as one Word, or as long as a detailed response to a general or detailed question. An answer can also be of the form 'I don't know' or other forms that do not actually provide the information desired. . The meaning represented by an Answer would be an instance of Proposition, but Propositions that represent answers are not yet (rev811) represented in COSMO. NOTE that WordNet does not distinguish clearly between the act of answering and the content. This is the content. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'answer' in WordNet: 1. (31) answer, reply, response - (a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; 'I waited several days for his answer'; 'he wrote replies to several of his critics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answer, :Phrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Answering ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :AnswerPrevalence a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OrderedPair containing an AnswerPhrase and a PercentageAttributeValue, describing the percentage of a GroupOfPeople that give a specific answer to a specific Question. This is meaningful only as a ComponentElement of an 'OpinionDistribution', which contains the Question to which the answers are responses, and the time the question was asked. For an individual answer to an individual question (for some individual Person), use 'QuestionAnswerPair'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prevalence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnswerPhrase ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PercentageAttributeValue ] . :Answering :en "answering" ; :ldoce "answer", "reply" ; :wnsense "answer1n", "answer1v", "answer2v", "reply1n", "reply1v", "reply2n", "respond2v" ; :wordnet "answer", "reply", "respond" ; a :CommunicationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Answering' is an instance of a Communication performed in response to a prior Communication from another agent; the prior Communication will usually be a question or request (see subtype 'Refusing'), but may be an assertion. This is the action of answering, not the content of the answer. This corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'answer' and noun sense 1 and 2 of 'reply' and verb sense 1 of 'reply' in WordNet: WN noun 'answer' 1. (31) answer, reply, response - (a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; 'I waited several days for his answer'; 'he wrote replies to several of his critics') WN verb 'answer' 1. (63) answer, reply, respond - (reply or respond to; 'She didn't want to answer'; 'answer the question'; 'We answered that we would accept the invitation') 2. (8) answer - (give the correct answer or solution to; 'answer a question'; 'answer the riddle') WN noun 'reply' 2. (2) reply, response - (the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange; 'he growled his reply') WN verb 'reply' 1. (53) answer, reply, respond - (reply or respond to; 'She didn't want to answer'; 'answer the question'; 'We answered that we would accept the invitation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Asking :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Asking :CommunicationType :ActionType ) ] ] . :AnsweringMachine :guid "bd58cb41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "answering machine1n" ; :wordnet "answering machine" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Telephone answering machine. as of 2019 almost antiquated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'answering machine' in WordNet: 1. answering machine - (an electronic device that answers the telephone and records messages) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContactLocation, :ElectronicDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, :SoundInformationRecordingDevice . :Ant :guid "bd58de72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ant" ; :wnsense "ant1n", "emmet1n", "pismire1n" ; :wordnet "ant", "emmet", "pismire" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ant' in WordNet: 1. (6) ant, emmet, pismire - (social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HymenopteranOrder, :Vermin . :Antacid :wnsense "alkaliser1n", "alkalizer1n", "antacid2n", "antiacid1n", "gastric antacid1n" ; :wordnet "alkaliser", "alkalizer", "antacid", "antiacid", "gastric antacid" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Antacid' is an 'AgentiveSubstance' that can neutralize acid in the ''Stomach'', and is used for that purpose. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'antacid' in WordNet; this is specifically for substances used to neutralize stomach acid, and is therefore a subtype of 'DrugSubstance': in WordNet: 1. antacid, gastric antacid, alkalizer, alkaliser, antiacid - (an agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity (especially in the stomach)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveSubstance, :DrugSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NeutralizingAnAcid ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Antarctica :wnsense "Antarctica1n" ; :wordnet "Antarctica" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """Not really a 'country' but for the sake of codes it acts like one. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Angola' in WordNet: 1. Antarctica, Antarctic continent -- (an extremely cold continent at the south pole almost entirely below the Antarctic Circle; covered by an ice cap up to 13,000 feet deep; \"Antarctica is twice the size of Australia\") """ . :AntarcticaRegion a :ContinentRegion . :Anteater :wnsense "aardvark1n", "ant bear2n", "anteater1n", "anteater3n", "pangolin1n", "scaly anteater1n" ; :wordnet "aardvark", "ant bear", "anteater", "pangolin", "scaly anteater" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An''Anteater'' has a long snot with which it scoops up ants to eat. Icludes noun sense 1 and 3 of 'anteater' in WordNet: 1. (1) pangolin, scaly anteater, anteater - (toothless mammal of southern Africa and Asia having a body covered with horny scales and a long snout for feeding on ants and termites) 3. aardvark, ant bear, anteater, Orycteropus afer - (nocturnal burrowing mammal of the grasslands of Africa that feeds on termites; sole extant representative of the order Tubulidentata) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InsectEater, :PlacentalMammal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ant ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Antecedent :en "antecedent" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A technical term for 'Premises' in the sense of the assertion(s) that are given at the start of of an IF-THEN logical assertion in a deductive reasoning process. A ''Datum'' (observed fact) may be used as one ''Antecedent'' in reasoning about the RealWorld. The concusion would be the 'consequent'. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'antecedent' in RHW: Logic. the conditional element in a proposition, as 'Caesar conquered Gaul,' in 'If Caesar conquered Gaul, he was a great general. Compare Consequent: 5. Logic. the second member of a conditional proposition, as 'Caesar was a great general' in 'If Caesar conquered Gaul, he was a great general'. No similar sense in WordNet """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LogicalAssertion, :Premises . :Antedating :wnsense "antecede1n", "antedate1v", "forego1v", "precede1v", "predate1v" ; :wordnet "antecede", "antedate", "forego", "precede", "predate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Antedating'' is an Event that ''occurredEarlierThan'' (occurs earlier in time; if immediately prior, use ''precedes'') some other Event. This is defined and always referenced relative to another Event, which comes after it in time. NOTE: This combines with the property ''occurredEarlierThan'' (or ''precedes'' for the immediate preceding Event) to form part of a primitive notion of Events occurring in time sequence. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'antedate' in WordNet: 1. predate, precede, forego, forgo, antecede, antedate - (be earlier in time; go back further; 'Stone tools precede bronze tools') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :SituationRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredEarlierThan ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Antelope :guid "bd58c36d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antelope1n" ; :wordnet "antelope" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A HoofedMammal with long legs and backward-facing horns. This class includes gazelles, addax, blackbucks, etc. SUMO: A HoofedMammal with long legs and backward-facing horns. This class includes gazelles, addax, blackbucks, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antelope' in WordNet: 1. (6) antelope - (graceful Old World ruminant with long legs and horns directed upward and backward; includes gazelles; springboks; impalas; addax; gerenuks; blackbucks; dik-diks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerdAnimal, :HoofedMammal, :Ruminant . :Antenna :guid "bd58d201-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aeria2n", "antenna1n", "transmitting aerial1n" ; :wordnet "aerial", "antenna", "transmitting aerial" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The electrical component used to receive electromagnetic signals. SUMO: A CommunicationDevice which enables or improves the reception of RadioEmissions by another CommunicationDevice (the radio or television receiver). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antenna' in WordNet: 1. (14) antenna, aerial, transmitting aerial - (an electrical device that sends or receives radio or television signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationDevice, :ElectricalComponent . :Antenna-AnimalBodyPart :guid "bd58b00f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antenna3n" ; :wordnet "antenna" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A movable segmented organ of sensation located on the head of insects, crustaceans and arachnids. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'antenna' in WordNet: 3. antenna, feeler - (one of a pair of mobile appendages on the head of e.g. insects and crustaceans; typically sensitive to touch and taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart . :Anthem :wnsense "anthem1n" ; :wordnet "anthem" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Anthem'' is a ''Song'' (a ''MusicalComposition'', a ''ConceptualWork'') that praises some nation or organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthem' in WordNet: 1. anthem - (a song of devotion or loyalty (as to a nation or school)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Song . :Anther :guid "bd58deda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anther1n" ; :wordnet "anther" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An anther is the pollen-bearing part of a flower's stamen. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anther' in WordNet: 1. anther - (the part of the stamen that contains pollen; usually borne on a stalk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantReproductiveStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stamen ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pollen ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :Anthology :wnsense "anthology1n" ; :wordnet "anthology" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthology' in WordNet: 1. anthology - (a collection of selected literary passages) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compendium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiteraryWork ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Anthracite :hasMainComponentSubstance :Carbon ; :wnsense "anthracite coal1n", "anthracite1n", "hard coal1n" ; :wordnet "anthracite", "anthracite coal", "hard coal" ; a :NaturalResourceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Anthracite'' is a form of ''Coal'' that has little organic material other than pure carbon. RHW: a mineral coal containing little of the volatile hydrocarbons and burning almost without flame; hard coal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthracite' in WordNet: 1. anthracite, anthracite coal, hard coal - (a hard natural coal that burns slowly and gives intense heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coal . :Anthrax-Bacterium :guid "c0d0ef42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Bacillus anthracis1n", "anthrax bacillus1n" ; :wordnet "Bacillus anthracis", "anthrax bacillus" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Anthrax-Bacterium': A collection. Each instance is a sample of the #$Bacterium Bacillus anthracis which is responsible for a usually fatal hemorrhagic disease of wild and domesticated livestock, especially cattle and sheep. Humans may become infected with Anthrax via contamination of a wound or by inhaling the organism. Anthrax infections in humans are often fatal if not treated early. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthrax bacillus' in WordNet: 1. Bacillus anthracis, anthrax bacillus - (a species of bacillus that causes anthrax in humans and in animals (cattle and swine and sheep and rabbits and mice and guinea pigs); can be used a bioweapon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacillus, :GramPositiveBacterium, :LivingBiologicalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnthraxInfection ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ] . :AnthraxInfection :guid "bfbba477-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anthrax2n" ; :wordnet "anthrax" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$InfectionTypeByPathogenType, and a specialization of #$BacterialInfection. Each instance of #$AnthraxInfection is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis (see the collection #$Anthrax-Bacterium). Important specializations of #$AnthraxInfection include the collections #$InhalationalAnthrax and #$CutaneousAnthrax. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'anthrax' in WordNet: 2. anthrax - (a disease of humans that is not communicable; caused by infection with Bacillus anthracis followed by septicemia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection, :LifeThreateningCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anthrax-Bacterium ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ] . :AnthropoidApe :wnsense "anthropoid ape1n" ; :wordnet "anthropoid ape" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthropoid ape' in WordNet: 1. anthropoid ape - (any tailless ape of the families Pongidae and Hylobatidae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ape . :Anthropological :pertainsTo :Anthropology ; :wnsense "anthropological1adj" ; :wordnet "anthropological" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pertaining to 'Ethnography' and its methods and activities undertaken in investigations.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anthropological' in Wordnet: 1. anthropological - (of or concerned with the science of anthropology; 'anthropological studies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Anthropologist :wnsense "anthropologist1n" ; :wordnet "anthropologist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthropologist' in WordNet: 1. (3) anthropologist - (a social scientist who specializes in anthropology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult, :SocialScientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anthropology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Anthropology :wnsense "anthropology1n" ; :wordnet "anthropology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ the 'SocialScience' concerned with how societies have formed and changed, and their properties. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anthropology' in WordNet: 1. (2) anthropology - (the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialScience . :AntiDepressant :guid "bd651997-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antidepressant drug1n", "antidepressant1n" ; :wordnet "antidepressant", "antidepressant drug" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which treat psychic depression. COSMOnote:intense persistent 'depression' is represented by ''ClinicalDepression'' which may not be identical to psychological diagnostic criteria. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antidepressant' in WordNet: 1. antidepressant, antidepressant drug - (any of a class of drugs used to treat depression; often have undesirable side effects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClinicalDepression ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :AntiDiabeticDrug :guid "bd5a6e75-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antidiabetic drug1n", "antidiabetic1n" ; :wordnet "antidiabetic", "antidiabetic drug" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Class of drugs normally used to combat diabetes. antidiabetic drug """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diabetes ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :AntiEmetic :guid "c0fd58f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antiemetic drug1n", "antiemetic1n" ; :wordnet "antiemetic", "antiemetic drug" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which prevent or reduce nausea and vomitting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antiemetic drug' in WordNet: 1. antiemetic, antiemetic drug - (a drug that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nausea ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :AntiFreeze :guid "bd589f9b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaComponentSubstanceOf :RadiatorFluid ; :wnsense "antifreeze1n" ; :wordnet "antifreeze" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Radiator fluid used to cool internal combustion engines. Specific for use in ''RadiatorFluid''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antifreeze' in WordNet: 1. antifreeze - (a liquid added to the water in a cooling system to lower its freezing point) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Additive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadiatorFluid ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ] . :AntiInflammatory :guid "c0fd5822-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anti-inflammatory drug1n", "anti-inflammatory1n" ; :wordnet "anti-inflammatory", "anti-inflammatory drug" ; a :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which reduce inflammation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anti-inflammatory' in WordNet: 1. anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory drug - (a medicine intended to reduce inflammation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflammation ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :AntiSemite :en "antisemite" ; :enn "antisemite" ; :guid "c047c201-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Jew-baiter1n", "anti-Semite1n" ; :wordnet "Jew-baiter", "anti-Semite" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: a person who discriminates against or is prejudiced or hostile toward Jews. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anti-semite' in WordNet: 1. (5) anti-Semite, Jew-baiter - (someone who hates and would persecute Jews) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believer, :Racist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AntiSemitism ; owl:onProperty :believes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AntiSemitism ; owl:onProperty :isaPersonFeeling ] . :AntiSemitic :isAnAttributeValueOf :AntiSemite ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :AntiSemitism ; :wnsense "anti-semitic1adj", "antisemitic1adj" ; :wordnet "anti-semitic", "antisemitic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AntiSemitic is a AttributeValue characterizing a Peron as an ''AntiSemite''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antisemitic' in Wordnet: 1. anti-semitic, antisemitic - (relating to or characterized by anti-Semitism; hating Jews) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Racistic, :Unfriendly . :AntiSemitism :en "anti-semitism" ; :enn "anti-semitism1n" ; :wnsense "anti-Semitism1n", "antisemitism1n" ; :wordnet "anti-Semitism", "antisemitism" ; a :BeliefType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AntiSemitism'' is a form of ''Racism'' (a ''Bias'') that predisposes a Person to believe bad things about Jews. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antisemitism' in WordNet: 1. anti-Semitism, antisemitism - (the intense dislike for and prejudice against Jewish people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Racism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AntiSemite ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ] . :AntiTheftDevice :guid "c1008029-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :SecurityDevice . :AntiToxin :guid "bd58d6e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antitoxin1n" ; :wordnet "antitoxin" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: drugs used to counteract the effects of toxins. (See ''Toxin''). NOTE that the restriction mentions a ''PoisoningCondition'' which is generic including poisoning by a ''Toxin''. Can be more specific when more specific poisonings are represented. NOTE:this is for the Antibody Drug used as an 'antitoxin'. RHW has two senses, this is sense 2: 1. a substance, formed in the body, that counteracts a specific toxin. 2. the antibody formed in immunization with a given toxin, used in treating certain infectious diseases or in immunizing against them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antitoxin' in WordNet: 1. antitoxin - (an antibody that can neutralize a specific toxin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antibody, :DrugSubstance, :Inhibitor, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoisoningCondition ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :Antibacterial :isAnAttributeValueOf :Antibiotic ; :wnsense "antibacterial1adj" ; :wordnet "antibacterial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Antibacterial'' agents are ''Therapeutic'' by being inhibitory to growth of bacteria, preventing or curing ''BacterialInfection''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antibacterial' in Wordnet: 1. antibacterial - (destroying bacteria or inhibiting their growth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Therapeutic . :Antibiotic :guid "bd58a497-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToTreat :BacterialInfection ; :wnsense "antibiotic1n" ; :wordnet "antibiotic" ; a :AntibioticType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """drugs used against bacterial infections. Originally this term referred only to substances derived from microorganisms, but it has been used more generally to refer to any drug that can kill bacteria. This COSMO element includes the broader meaning, e.g. the synthetic 'quinolone antibiotics': LIST OF QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS - ofloxacin(Floxin), levofloxacin(Levaquin, Tavanic), ciprofloxacin(Cipro,Baycip, Cetraxal, Ciflox, Cifran, Ciplox, Cyprobay, Quintor), norfloxacin(Noroxin, Amicrobin, Anquin, Baccidal, Barazan, Biofloxin,Floxenor, Fulgram, Janacin, Lexinor, Norofin, Norxacin, Orixacin,Oroflox, Urinox, Zoroxin), enoxacin(Penetrex), lomefloxacin(Maxaquin), grepafloxacin(Raxar), trovafloxacin(Trovan), sparfloxacin(Zagam), temafloxacin(Omniflox), moxifloxacin(Avelox), gatifloxacin(Tequin), gemifloxacin SUMO: A BiologicallyActiveSubstance than can kill instances of Bacterium. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'antibiotic' in WordNet: 1. antibiotic, antibiotic drug - (a chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that kills microorganisms and cures infections; 'when antibiotics were first discovered they were called wonder drugs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BacterialInfection ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Antibacterial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AntibioticType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of ''AntibioticType'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that is an instance of a ''DrugSubstanceType'' used to treat some ''BacterialInfection'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstanceType . :Antibody :wnsense "antibody1n" ; :wordnet "antibody" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Antibody'' is ''Protein'' created by cells in the immune system to fight what is perceived as a 'foreign' agent in the body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antibody' in WordNet: 1. (17) antibody - (any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protein, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :ImmuneResponse ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImmuneResponse ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :Antichrist :wnsense "Antichrist1n" ; :wordnet "Antichrist" ; a :Spirit ; rdfs:comment """The 'Antichrist' of the book of Revelations. This is an individual instance, which asumes that there is only one 'Antichrist'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Antichrist' in WordNet: 1. Antichrist - ((Christianity) the adversary of Christ (or Christianity) mentioned in the New Testament; the Antichrist will rule the world until overthrown by the Second Coming of Christ) """ . :Anticipated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Existence ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Anticipation ; :wnsense "anticipated1adj", "awaited1adj", "hoped-for1adj" ; :wordnet "anticipated", "awaited", "hoped-for" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Anticipated'' characterizes something that is expected to happen, but has not yet happened. This would typically be an Event, but the same term is used to refer to objects that are created by an Event. NOTE:use of this attribute implies that there is a Person who is doing the 'anticipating' and 'hoping for' the thing so characterized. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'anticipated' in Wordnet: 1. (5) anticipated, awaited, hoped-for - (expected hopefully) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistenceValue, :Nonexistent . :Anticipating :en "anticipating" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Anticipating'' is an attribute of any Person who is experiencing an ''ExpectingSomething'' state. This type does not imply any emotions in the Person so described. See subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AwareOfSomething . :Anticipation :en "look forward to" ; :eng "anticipating" ; :ldoce "expectation" ; :wnsense "anticipate1v", "anticipation4n", "await1v", "expect1v", "expect3v", "expectation1n" ; :wordnet "anticipate", "anticipation", "await", "expect", "expectation" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Anticipation' here is a subtype of 'Expectation' that includes a desire for something to happen along with a belief that it will happen. 'Looking forward with pleasure to . . .' Q: should the desire and belief be separate things, or, as here, can they be merged into one mental state?? NOTE that the 'FutureSituation' anticipated is now a 'DesiredFutureSituation' Includes noun sense 2 of 'expectation' and verb sense 1 of 'await' and verb sense 1 of 'expect' in WordNet: 2. (4) anticipation, expectation - (wishing with confidence of fulfillment) WN verb 'await': 1. (25) expect, look, await, wait - (look forward to the probable occurrence of; 'We were expecting a visit from our relatives'; 'She is looking to a promotion'; 'he is waiting to be drafted') WN verb 'expect': 1. (889) expect, anticipate - (regard something as probable or likely; 'The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, :ExpectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesiredFutureSituation ] . :Anticipation-Feeling :guid "bd58cefc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anticipation1n", "expectancy1n" ; :wordnet "anticipation", "expectancy" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Emotion accompanying an expectation of something pleasant in the foreseeable future. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'anticipation' in WordNet: 1. (4) anticipation, expectancy - (pleasurable expectation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :Anticoagulant :guid "bd5dcd52-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anticoagulant medication1n", "anticoagulant1n", "decoagulant1n" ; :wordnet "anticoagulant", "anticoagulant medication", "decoagulant" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs that prevent or reduce ''BloodCoagulation'' (the clotting of blood). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anticoagulant' in WordNet: 1. anticoagulant, anticoagulant medication, decoagulant - (medicine that prevents or retards the clotting of blood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodCoagulation ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Antidote :wnsense "antidote1n", "counterpoison1n" ; :wordnet "antidote", "counterpoison" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Antidote'' is a ''DrugSubstance'' that treats a ''PoisoningCondition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antidote' in WordNet: 1. antidote, counterpoison - (a remedy that stops or controls the effects of a poison) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoisoningCondition ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :Antifungal :isAnAttributeValueOf :AntifungalDrug ; :wnsense "antifungal1adj", "fungicidal1adj" ; :wordnet "antifungal", "fungicidal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Antifungal'' agents are ''Therapeutic'' by being inhibitory to growth of fungi, preventing or curing ''FungalInfection''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antifungal' in Wordnet: 1. fungicidal, antifungal - (capable of destroying fungi) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Therapeutic . :AntifungalDrug :guid "c0fd4a1f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToTreat :FungalInfection ; :wnsense "antifungal agent1n", "antifungal1n", "antimycotic agent1n", "antimycotic1n", "fungicide1n" ; :wordnet "antifungal", "antifungal agent", "antimycotic", "antimycotic agent", "fungicide" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Antifungal' Drugs which are used to prevent or fight infections caused by fungi. NOTE that the term ''fungicide' is used to label agents that can kill fungi even when they are not infecting an organism, as the mold that grows on damp walls. this type is only for the drugs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antifungal' in WordNet: 1. antifungal, antifungal agent, fungicide, antimycotic, antimycotic agent - (any agent that destroys or prevents the growth of fungi) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FungalInfection ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Antifungal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Antigen :guid "be22847c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antigen1n" ; :wordnet "antigen" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of substances that can stimulate immune response. For example, bacteria [#$Bacterium], #$Viruses, proteins [#$ProteinMolecule] can serve as #$Antigens. SUMO: Any BiologicallyActiveSubstance that has the capacity to stimulate the production of Antibodies. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (11) antigen - (any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates an immune response in the body (especially the production of antibodies)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance, :SubstanceRole . :AntigenA a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An Antigen that is carried in the red blood cells of those with BloodTypeA.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antigen . :Antigravity :en "antigravity" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Antigravity'' is a Fictional force or anti-force that might be controlled by a device to allow objects to escape a gravitational attractive force. There is as yet no evidence that such a force does or can exist. NOTE: the expansion of the universe is not due to an antigravity force, but a different property of space-time. RHW 'antigravity': 2. a controllable force that can be made to act against the force of gravity. No WN sense for this. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Force ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gravity ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :AntiguaAndBarbuda a :Country . :Antihistamine :guid "c0fd59fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antihistamine1n" ; :wordnet "antihistamine" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which are used to alleviate the symptoms associated with allergies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antihistamine' in WordNet: 1. antihistamine - (a medicine used to treat allergies and hypersensitive reactions and colds; works by counteracting the effects of histamine on a receptor site) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role . :Antihypertensive :guid "c0fd5747-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antihypertensive drug1n", "antihypertensive1n" ; :wordnet "antihypertensive", "antihypertensive drug" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which are used to reduce high blood pressure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antihypertensive' in WordNet: 1. antihypertensive, antihypertensive drug - (a drug that reduces high blood pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hypertension ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :AntimalarialDrug :wnsense "antimalarial drug1n", "antimalarial1n" ; :wordnet "antimalarial", "antimalarial drug" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AntimalarialDrug'' is a ''DrugSubstance'' that inhibits the growth of and may also kill the Malaria protozoan. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antimalarial drug' in WordNet: 1. antimalarial, antimalarial drug - (a medicinal drug used to prevent or treat malaria) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malaria ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :Antimatter :wnsense "antimatter1n" ; :wordnet "antimatter" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Antimatter' is any PhysicalSubstance that is composed of antimatter particles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antimatter' in WordNet: 1. antimatter - (matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those making up normal matter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :Antimony :guid "bd590b41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "51"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Sb1n", "antimony1n" ; :wordnet "Sb", "antimony" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """AntimonyStuff. A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of antimony; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antimony' in WordNet: 1. antimony, Sb, atomic number 51 - (a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :CommodityProduct, :UnalloyedMetal . :Antioxidant :guid "be3140aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antioxidant1n" ; :wordnet "antioxidant" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Antioxidants reduce the risk of free radical health related problems, such as #$Cancer and #$Atherosclerosis, by preventing oxidation which could cause a change in the ways cells differentiate. NOTE: the type of ''Oxidation'' in the body inhibited by an ''Antioxidant'' or the kind that causes spoilage in food still needs to be added - not included as of rev1511. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antioxidant' in WordNet: 1. antioxidant - (substance that inhibits oxidation or inhibits reactions promoted by oxygen or peroxides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inhibitor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxidation ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Antipathetic :wnsense "antipathetic1adj", "antipathetical1adj", "averse1adj", "indisposed2adj", "loath2adj", "loth2adj" ; :wordnet "antipathetic", "antipathetical", "averse", "indisposed", "loath", "loth" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Antipathetic'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who strongly disikes or is opposed to something (of any type - objects,actions, ideas). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antipathetic' in Wordnet: 1. antipathetic, antipathetical, averse, indisposed, loath, loth - ((usually followed by 'to') strongly opposed; 'antipathetic to new ideas'; 'averse to taking risks'; 'loath to go on such short notice'; 'clearly indisposed to grant their request') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opposed . :Antipathy :wnsense "antipathy1n", "aversion1n", "distaste1n" ; :wordnet "antipathy", "aversion", "distaste" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antipathy' in WordNet: 1. (2) antipathy, aversion, distaste - (a feeling of intense dislike) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dislike, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Antiperspirant :guid "bfdde6a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antiperspirant1n" ; :wordnet "antiperspirant" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antiperspirant' in WordNet: 1. antiperspirant - (an astringent substance applied to the skin to reduce perspiration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToiletrySubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sweating ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :AntiprotozoalDrug :wnsense "antiprotozoal drug1n", "antiprotozoal1n" ; :wordnet "antiprotozoal", "antiprotozoal drug" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AntiprotozoalDrug'' is a ''DrugSubstance'' that inhibits the growth of and may also kill pathogenic ptrotozoa. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antiprotozoal drug' in WordNet: 1. antiprotozoal, antiprotozoal drug - (a medicinal drug used to fight diseases (like malaria) that are caused by protozoa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProtozoalInfection ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :Antipyretic :guid "c0fd5a37-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antipyretic1n", "febrifuge1n" ; :wordnet "antipyretic", "febrifuge" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which reduce fever. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antipyretic' in WordNet: 1. antipyretic, febrifuge - (any medicine that lowers body temperature to prevent or alleviate fever) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fever ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :Antiquated :isTheOppositeOf :Contemporary, :Modern ; :wnsense "antediluvian2adj", "antiquated1adj", "archaic1adj" ; :wordnet "antediluvian", "antiquated", "archaic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Antiquated'' suggests a longer period of disuse than 'Outdated''. This is the attribute of things - objects, practices, laws, events - that have not been used or practiced or enforced for more than 100 years. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antiquated' in Wordnet: 1. antediluvian, antiquated, archaic - (so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period; 'a ramshackle antediluvian tenement'; 'antediluvian ideas'; 'archaic laws') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outdated . :Antique :isTheOppositeOf :New ; :wnsense "antique1adj" ; :wordnet "antique" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to artifacts that were created more than 25 years before the time point of reference. usually 'antique' means over 100 years old. This sense is not for people or actions, or time periods. For those sense, use 'old' or Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antique' in WordNet: 1. (2) antique - (made in or typical of earlier times and valued for its age; 'the beautiful antique French furniture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Old . :AntiqueObject :wnsense "antique2n" ; :wordnet "antique" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AntiqueObject' is an artifact that is very old, and has some value for that reason. Usually an 'AntiqueObject' will be at least 100 years old, but the borderline between old and antique can be fuzzy; at the minimum it should be over 50 years old and of a type no longer in common use. For very old objects that are not antiques (e.g. fossils), use 'Old' or 'Ancient'. This type is not just for *valuable* antiques. That could be represented as a subtype, but is not yet (rev791) in COSMO. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'antique' in WordNet; this COSMO sense does not require that an AntiqueObject be valuable or beautiful or rare, only that it be very old: in WordNet: 2. antique - (any piece of furniture or decorative object or the like produced in a former period and valuable because of its beauty or rarity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Antique ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Antiquity :wnsense "antiquity1n" ; :wordnet "antiquity" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Antiquity'' is the ''HistoricalPeriod'' that precedes the ''MiddleAges'',mostly referring to Europe and the MiddleEast. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antiquity' in WordNet: 1. (1) antiquity - (the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HistoricalPeriod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MiddleAges ; owl:onProperty :precedes ] . :Antiseptic :guid "bd5b58b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antiseptic1n" ; :wordnet "antiseptic" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drug product which is intended to kill germs. Nearly always used topically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antiseptic' in WordNet: 1. antiseptic - (a substance that destroys micro-organisms that carry disease without harming body tissues) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, :TopicalSkinApplication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Microorganism ; owl:onProperty :canKill ] . :Antisocial :isAnAttributeValueOf :Behavior, :Person ; :wnsense "antisocial2adj", "asocial2adj" ; :wordnet "antisocial", "asocial" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Antisocial'' can have varying degres, which might be distinguishable,but as yet are not differentiated. This sense is for behaviors which are unpleasant to other peopel, or for the people who perform such behaviors. NOTE: The sense of 'antisocial' meaning 'avoiding social contact with other people' is represented by ''Asocial''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'antisocial' in Wordnet: 2. antisocial, asocial - (hostile to or disruptive of normal standards of social behavior; 'criminal behavior or conduct that violates the rights of other individuals is antisocial'; 'crimes...and other asocial behavior'; 'an antisocial deed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpleasant . :AntisocialAction :causesMentalEventType :BeingUpset ; :isPerformedBy :BadGuy ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AntisocialAction' is an Action that is harmful to some Person(s), performed intentionally by some Person. The type of Person who would do such a thing is termed a 'BadGuy' in COSMO. This Role can be for onyl a single event, or could be habitual. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvilDeed, :PurposefulAction, :UndesirableEvent, :UnpleasantEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :BadGuy ] . :Antler :wnsense "antler1n" ; :wordnet "antler" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The deciduous horn (lost every summer) that grows on the head of a ''Stag'' (a male ''Deer''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antler' in WordNet: 1. antler - (deciduous horn of a member of the deer family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BranchedObject, :Horn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Multipronged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StagDeer ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :AntleredStag :wnsense "stag2n" ; :wordnet "stag" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The *typical* adult male of some Deer species, in the winter, carries antlers. But these fall off every year, so this character cannot be asserted of every male, even the typical ones. At this point (rev977) the time-dependent nature of this character is not represented. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stag' in WordNet: 2. stag - (adult male deer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StagDeer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Antler ] . :Antonym :wnsense "antonym1n", "opposite word1n", "opposite1n" ; :wordnet "antonym", "opposite", "opposite word" ; a :ObjectType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type represents an ''Antonym'' as a ''Word'' which is a LinguisticObject, but in order to use the relation ''isTheOppositeOf'', it is categorized as an instance of ''QualitativeAttributeType'', which is usually used for attributes in their actual meanings, not their linguistic representations. This conflation probably should be reworked, perhaps by adding a relation 'isTheAntonymOf' - but the relation 'isTheOppositeOf' also needs to be related in some way. NOTE that 'hasAbstractStringRepresentation' can be used to relate attributes such as ''Good'' to the words. Not yet added. The restriction requires that for every ''Antonym'' represented as an instance of this type, there must be a representation of its antonym, also represented as an instance of this type. The instances ''Word_Good'' and ''Word_Bad'' are used as examples of this usage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'antonym' in WordNet: 1. antonym, opposite word, opposite - (a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other; 'to him the antonym of 'gay' was 'depressed'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheOppositeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Antonym ] . :Anus :guid "bd58da11-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anus1n", "arse2n", "asshole2n" ; :wordnet "anus", "arse", "asshole" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Posterior opening of the digestive tract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anus' in WordNet: 1. anus, arse, arsehole, asshole - (excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalOrifice, :OuterPhysicalSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectum ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ] . :AnusAndGenitalia :hasComponentElement :Anus, :ExternalSexOrgan ; a :Group, :Pair . :Anvil :wnsense "anvil1n" ; :wordnet "anvil" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anvil' in Wordnet: 1. (1) anvil - (a heavy block of iron or steel on which hot metals are shaped by hammering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Block, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Anxiety :isanIntensiveFormOf :Concern ; :ldoce "anxiety" ; :wnsense "anxiety1n" ; :wordnet "anxiety" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Anxiety' is a 'Concern' strong enough to produce a mild unhappiness due to the anticipation of the possible occurrence of an unpleasant event in the future. Includes both short-term and long-term anxiety, senses 1 and 2 of 'anxiety' in WordNet: 1. (20) anxiety, anxiousness - (a relatively permanent state of anxiety occurring in a variety of mental disorders) 2. (9) anxiety - (a vague unpleasant emotion that is experienced in anticipation of some (usually ill-defined) misfortune) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concern, :Unhappiness . :AnxietyDisorder :wnsense "anxiety disorder1n" ; :wordnet "anxiety disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anxiety disorder' in WordNet: 1. anxiety disorder - (a cover term for a variety of mental disorders in which severe anxiety is a salient symptom) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychologicalAilment . :Anxious :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Anxiety ; :isTheOppositeOf :Composed, :Happy ; :ldoce "anxious" ; :wnsense "anxious2adj", "nervous2adj", "unquiet2adj" ; :wordnet "anxious", "nervous", "unquiet" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Anxiety; mildly unhappy. The less intense levels of psychological discomfort are represented as ''Nervous'' and ''Concerned''. More intense is ''Worried'' NOTE: can one be anxious and happy at the same time? Depends on the degrees of each of the antagonistic feelings. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'anxious' in WordNet, applying only to people ('an anxious night' must be interpreted as the person being anxious): in WordNet: 2. anxious, nervous, queasy, uneasy, unquiet - (causing or fraught with or showing anxiety; 'spent an anxious night waiting for the test results'; 'cast anxious glances behind her'; 'those nervous moments before takeoff'; 'an unquiet mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nervous, :Unhappy . :Anxiously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Anxious ; :wnsense "anxiously1adv", "apprehensively1adv", "uneasily1adv" ; :wordnet "anxiously", "apprehensively", "uneasily" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'anxiously' in Wordnet: 1. (7) anxiously, uneasily, apprehensively - (with anxiety or apprehension; 'we watched anxiously') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Anybody :en "anybody", "anyone" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Anybody' is a Person that is unknown or unspecified or not yet determined. WordNet has no entry for 'anybody' or 'anyone' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :UnknownAgent . :Aorta :guid "bd58ef4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aorta1n" ; :wordnet "aorta" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all aortas. An #$Aorta is the main #$Artery in a body, containing oxygenated #$Blood, leaving the #$Heart and relaying #$Blood to the arterial network. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aorta' in WordNet: 1. (3) aorta - (the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artery . :Apartheid :wnsense "apartheid1n" ; :wordnet "apartheid" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Apartheid'' is a form of ''Segregation'' practiced by official government policy in South Africa. Separate regions of the country ('bantustans') were set apart for use of black African natives and they were restricted in where they could travel in the other parts of the country. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apartheid' in WordNet: 1. apartheid - (a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against people who are not Whites; the former official policy in South Africa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restriction, :SocialSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOfSegregation ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Apartment :CYC "ApartmentUnit" ; :en "apartment unit" ; :guid "bd58b117-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "apartment1n" ; :wordnet "apartment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An apartment where people live. SUMO: A SingleFamilyResidence that is not owned by any member of the SocialUnit that lives there. COSMO note: slight difference: in COSMO the distinction between an 'Apartment' and a 'CondominiumUnit' is that the former is a living unit in a building that is owned by one LegalAgent, whether or not the LegalAgent lives in that Apartment, whereas the latter is owned by someone who doesn't own the whole building, whether or not the owner lives in the CondominiumUnit. Apartments in condominiums where the units are owned by different people (who may or may not live in their owned units) are classified as 'CondominiumUnit'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apartment' in WordNet: 1. (32) apartment, flat - (a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, :SingleResidenceUnit . :ApartmentBuilding :guid "bd58e92a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A building which contains a mob of separate apartments, each of which is a #$ModernHumanResidence itself. NOTE: it may also contain a lobby, parking spaces,or other things besides apartents. SUMO: A ResidentialBuilding containing ApartmentUnits.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ResidentialBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Apartment ] . :Apatite :guid "c0ac500f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Calcium, :Phosphorus ; :hasHardnessInMohs "5"^^xsd:int ; :wnsense "apatite1n" ; :wordnet "apatite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apatite' in WordNet: 1. apatite - (a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :PhosphorusCompound, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calcium ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Ape :guid "bd589c9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ape1n" ; :wordnet "ape" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Various Primates with no tails or only short tails. Cyc: A specialization of #$Primate and #$NonPersonAnimal. Each instance of #$Ape is a tailless primate belonging to the family Pongidae (of which there are 11 species), native to central Africa and South Asia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ape' in WordNet: 1. (1) ape - (any of various primates with short tails or no tail at all) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, :Primate . :Aperture :wnsense "aperture1n", "aperture2n", "aperture3n" ; :wordnet "aperture" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a broad sense of ''Aperture'' that collects all the subsidiary senses both natural and artifactual, that are designed by Mankind or Evolution to allow things (objects, fluids, light) to pass through an otherwise impenetrable barrier, such as a ''SheetOfSOmeStuff''. Used for biological 'apertures' in body structures or holes in containers through which fluids can passt, or variable openings such as that in a camera that controls the amount of light allowed to pass onto the photosensitive detector (film or electronic). The subtypes will specify the kind of thing whose passage is faciliated. Includes noun senses 1, 2 and 3 of 'aperture' in WordNet: 1. (1) aperture - (a device that controls amount of light admitted) 2. aperture - (a natural opening in something) 3. aperture - (an man-made opening; usually small) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :PassingThroughPortal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :RegulatingPassage ] . :Apiece :wnsense "apiece1adv", "each1adv", "for each one1adv", "from each one1adv", "to each one1adv" ; :wordnet "apiece", "each", "for each one", "from each one", "to each one" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Apiece'' is an AdverbialModifier that usually modifies some quantity of an Object or Substance that is transferred or removed to or from some place or object. Often this refers to things transferred to people in some form of distribution. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'apiece' in WordNet: 1. (2) each, to each one, for each one, from each one, apiece - (to or from every one of two or more (considered individually); 'they received $10 each') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Apocalypse :wnsense "apocalypse1n" ; :wordnet "apocalypse" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Apocalypse'' is a ''Disaster'' postuated in some religions in which the World (and perhaps the whole universe?) ends and all lliving people die and are judged. NOTE: this is a type rather than a single instance because there are various scenarios postulated for how this happens, and each would be a subtype or instance. The term 'apocalypse' is also used metaphorically for some event that causes great destruction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apocalypse' in WordNet: 1. apocalypse - (a cosmic cataclysm in which God destroys the ruling powers of evil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disaster, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JudgmentDay ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EndOfheWorld ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeathOfaPerson ; owl:minCardinality "2000" ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :ApodiformBird :wnsense "apodiform bird1n" ; :wordnet "apodiform bird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apodiform bird' in WordNet: 1. apodiform bird - (nonpasserine bird having long wings and weak feet; spends much of its time in flight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :Apologizing :en "apologizing" ; :wnsense "apologise1v", "apologize1v" ; :wordnet "apologise", "apologize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Apologizing'' is a Communication expressing ''Regret'' for something the Actor did. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'apologize' in WordNet: 1. (3) apologize, apologise - (acknowledge faults or shortcomings or failing; 'I apologized for being late'; 'He apologized for the many typoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :ExpressingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Regret ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Apology ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Apology :wnsense "apology1n" ; :wordnet "apology" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Apology'' is a ''LinguisticAssertion'' in which the Actor expresses ''Regret'' to another agent for some action of the Actor that has or may have offended or harmed the other agent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apology' in WordNet: 1. (2) apology - (an expression of regret at having caused trouble for someone; 'he wrote a letter of apology to the hostess') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Offending ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Regret ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Apostrophe :wnsense "apostrophe2n" ; :wordnet "apostrophe" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Apostrophe'' is a 'PunctuationMark' (') that is used variously to signify some omitted characters in a word (as with the possessive \"'s\"), or in a pair (that is more formally designated with a different typographical character) , to delineate some segment of text that stands alone as one entity, or for various other purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'apostrophe' in WordNet: 2. apostrophe - (the mark (') used to indicate the omission of one or more letters from a printed word) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark . :Appalling :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Scandalizing ; :wnsense "appalling1adj", "dismaying1adj" ; :wordnet "appalling", "dismaying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Appalling'' is an attribute of Things (usually Events) that cause a ''Scandalizing'' Event. See also related 'Dismaying''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'appalling' in WordNet: 1. (4) appalling, dismaying - (causing consternation; 'appalling conditions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Apparatus :ldoce "apparatus" ; :wnsense "apparatus1n", "setup1n" ; :wordnet "apparatus", "setup" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device or group of devices that as some level of complexity and needs some training to learn how to use properly, and is an Equipment on hand to be used for some particular activity. This is approximately sense 2 in the Random House Webster: Senses 3 and 4 are metaphorical and not included in this sense. Sense 1 and 2 are sense 1 in WordNet 2.1: . (22) apparatus, setup - (equipment designed to serve a specific function) This type is intended to include Groups of devices, though the term is often applied to one devce that is somewhat complicated. A single Device should be classified as a ''Deice'' or on of its subtypes. COSMO: 'The apparatus used to perform the experiment was all purchased using the foundation grant.' Includes RHW senses 1 and 2: 1. a group or combination of instruments, machinery, tools, materials, etc., having a particular function or intended for a specific use: Our town has excellent fire-fighting apparatus. 2. any complex instrument or mechanism for a particular purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apparatus' in WordNet: 1. (22) apparatus, setup - (equipment designed to serve a specific function) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equipment . :Apparent :isTheOppositeOf :Subtle ; :wnsense "apparent2adj", "ostensible1adj", "seeming1adj" ; :wordnet "apparent", "ostensible", "seeming" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Apparent'' is an attribute of Assertions, or propositions or inferences that are considered (appear to be) probable given the observations at hand. For a higher degree of this meaning,used in some contexts, use ''Obvious'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apparent' in WordNet: 2. (8) apparent, ostensible, seeming - (appearing as such but not necessarily so; 'for all his apparent wealth he had no money to pay the rent'; 'the committee investigated some apparent discrepancies'; 'the ostensible truth of their theories'; 'his seeming honesty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clear . :Apparition :wnsense "apparition2n" ; :wordnet "apparition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Apparition'' is a ''ConsciousActivity'' in which a Person believes s/he is perceiving something that is not by physical measures present. This type is neutral as to whether this is purely an ''Imagining'' (as most people would suppose) or in fact a direct supernatural effect on a person's conscousness. It is in any case not a ''Perceiving'', since the Event is not due to sensory pereption, but is initiated internally in the mind, whether by a person's imagination or by superatural means. Corresponds to noun sense 2 3 of 'apparition' in WordNet: 2. apparition - (the appearance of a ghostlike figure; 'I was recalled to the present by the apparition of a frightening specter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsciousActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Phantom ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ] . :Appeal :wnsense "appeal1n", "appeal2v", "entreaty1n", "invoke3v", "plead1v", "prayer3n" ; :wordnet "appeal", "entreaty", "invoke", "plead", "prayer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Appeal'' is a Requesting (an Action) that is done from a feeling of urgency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appeal' in WordNet: 1. (9) entreaty, prayer, appeal - (earnest or urgent request; 'an entreaty to stop the fighting'; 'an appeal for help'; 'an appeal to the public to keep calm') WN verb 'appeal': 2. (2) appeal, invoke - (request earnestly (something from somebody); ask for aid or protection; 'appeal to somebody for help'; 'Invoke God in times of trouble') WN verb 'plead': 1. (10) plead - (appeal or request earnestly; 'I pleaded with him to stop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urgent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Appealing :wnsense "appealing1adj", "appealing2adj", "likable1adj", "likeable1adj", "sympathetic5adj" ; :wordnet "appealing", "likable", "likeable", "sympathetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Appealing'' is a subattribute of ''Attractive''; this is an AttributeValue of an object or event that causes more than minimal pleasure when observed or experienced. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'appealing' in WordNet: 1. (3) appealing - (able to attract interest or draw favorable attention; 'He added an appealing and memorable figure to popular American mythology'- Vincent Starrett; 'an appealing sense of humor'; 'the idea of having enough money to retire at fifty is very appealing') 2. (1) sympathetic, appealing, likeable, likable - ((of characters in literature or drama) evoking empathic or sympathetic feelings; 'the sympathetic characters in the play') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attractive . :Appearance :isAnAttributeValueOf :VisualPattern ; :ldoce "appearance" ; :takesValue :AppearanceAttribute ; :wnsense "appearance1n", "visual aspect1n" ; :wordnet "appearance", "visual aspect" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Appearance is a ''Quality'' of a VisualPattern created by the light given off or reflected from points on the surface of a PhysicalObject. The pattern that can be simple (such as a silhouette), or can include complex relationships that are noticeable and are significant in the classification of the Appearance. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appearance' in WordNet: 1. (23) appearance, visual aspect - (outward or visible aspect of a person or thing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisualPattern ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :AppearanceAttribute a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AppearanceAttribute is an attribute of a Person that can be observed by looking at the person. Marks on the skin, even though they may be hidden when normal clothing is worn, are appearance attributes (e.g. tatoos on the buttocks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :AppearanceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''AppearanceType'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing the external 'appereance' (light pattern) created by the Object with that QualitativeAttributeValue. This includes subtypes of ''ColorAttribute'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeType . :AppearingEvent :en "become visible", "becoming visible", "come into sight", "come into view", "coming into sight", "show up" ; :eng "appearing" ; :ldoce "appear" ; :wnsense "appear2v", "appearance2n", "pop up1v" ; :wordnet "appear", "appearance", "pop up" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AppearingEvent is an Event in which some PhysicalObject which was not previously visible **to some observer** becomes visible to that observer. The AppearingEvent can be caused by motion of the object which appears, or by motion of some object between the observer and the object that appears, or by motion of the observer who gains a perspective that allows viewing the object. This to be a ''AppearingEvent'' does not mean that the thing that 'appears' was not previously visible to *someone*. This is interpreted from the perspective of the observer who is seeing the 'appearing' thing for the first time. It can also occur by some other change in the object, as by increase in size, or increase in luminosity, or increase in ambient light. It can also occur by the observer using some device that allows an otherwise imperceptible thing to become visible - e.g. a microscope, a telescope, or night-vision goggles. This does not include the sense of 'appears to be' (seems like) - for that sense use 'AppearingToBe'. NOTE that 'appearing' in the sense of coming into existence is represented by ''Arising''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'appear' in WordNet: 2. (102) appear - (come into sight or view; 'He suddenly appeared at the wedding'; 'A new star appeared on the horizon') WN verb 'pop up': 1. (4) crop up, pop up, pop - (appear suddenly or unexpectedly; \"The farm popped into view as we turned the corner\"; \"He suddenly popped up out of nowhere\") WN noun 'appearance': 2. (4) appearance - (the event of coming into sight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Invisible ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeBefore ] . :AppearingToBe :ldoce "look" ; :wnsense "appear1v", "look2v", "seem1v" ; :wordnet "appear", "look", "seem" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AppearingToBe' is the Event (possibly a StaticSituation) in which some Object or System or Event appears, to some observer, to be of a certain type, or some object appears to be a certain indvidual.. This is the sense intended by phrases such as 'it looks like' 'it seems' 'it seems to be', and similar phrases. It can be used with very specific objects, or general situations ('it seems as though we are headed for a recession'). There must be at least one observer to whom the situation appears in that way, who does the perceiving leading to the seeming. The thing that it 'seems' to be is an Assertion referred to by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity'; this can be, for example the assertion 'She is sleeping' for the AppearingToBe ''She seems to be sleeping'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'appear', sense 2 of 'look'and sense 1 of 'seem' in WordNet: 2. (127) look, appear, seem - (give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect; 'She seems to be sleeping'; 'This appears to be a very difficult problem'; 'This project looks fishy'; 'They appeared like people who had not eaten or slept for a long time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Perceiving ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PropositionType :Assertion ) ] ] . :Appeasing :wnsense "appease1v", "assuage1v", "conciliate1v", "gentle1v", "gruntle1v", "lenify1v", "mollify1v", "pacify1v", "placate1v" ; :wordnet "appease", "assuage", "conciliate", "gentle", "gruntle", "lenify", "mollify", "pacify", "placate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Appeasing'' is a ''CalmingaPerson'' that reduces the likelihood that the Person appeased will be angry with the appeaser. NOTE: 'gentle' as a verb in this sense *is* in RHW: Rare usage? 13. to mollify; calm; pacify. BUT 'gruntle' is not in RHW. Leave it in, there is no other sense in RHW. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'appease' in WordNet: 1. (2) pacify, lenify, conciliate, assuage, appease, mollify, placate, gentle, gruntle - (cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of; 'She managed to mollify the angry customer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CalmingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anger ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Appellate :pertainsTo :AppellateCourt, :LegalAppeal ; :wnsense "appellant1adj", "appellate1adj" ; :wordnet "appellant", "appellate" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Appellate'' refers to a ''LegalAppeal'' or any of the Courts that hear such appeals, and sometimes to other types of 'appeal'. 'appellate jurisdiction' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'appellate' in Wordnet: 1. appellate, appellant - (of or relating to or taking account of appeals (usually legal appeals); 'appellate court') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Judicial, :PertainingAttributeValue . :AppellateCourt :wnsense "appeals court1n", "appellate court1n", "court of appeals1n" ; :wordnet "appeals court", "appellate court", "court of appeals" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AppellateCourt'' is a ''Court-Judicial'' that hears ''LegalAppeal''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appellate court' in WordNet: 1. appellate court, appeals court, court of appeals - (a court whose jurisdiction is to review decisions of lower courts or agencies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Court-Judicial . :Appellation :wnsense "appellation1n", "appellative1n", "denomination3n", "designation1n" ; :wordnet "appellation", "appellative", "denomination", "designation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Appellation'' is a ''Name'' used to refer to things, including people. Some ''Appelation''s are used to directly address people. For that latter function also see ''FormOfAddress'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appellation' in WordNet: 1. appellation, denomination, designation, appellative - (identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Name . :Appendage :guid "c0bf6569-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "appendage2n", "outgrowth3n", "process5n" ; :wordnet "appendage", "outgrowth", "process" ; a :OrganismPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'appendage' in WordNet: 2. process, outgrowth, appendage - (a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; 'a bony process') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismPart . :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart :guid "bd5882f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "appendage1n", "extremity1n", "member3n" ; :wordnet "appendage", "extremity", "member" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An #$AnimalBodyPartType and a specialization of both #$ExternalAnatomicalPart and #$AnimalBodyPart. #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart is the collection of all appendages of #$Animals. An appendage is a body part that is connected to, and extends from, an animal's #$Torso (or from another of the animal's appendages, such as a hand extending from an arm). Each appendage is used by the #$Animal for one or more functions. Altogether, appendages serve a wide variety of functions, including locomotion, manipulation, sensing, fighting, scratching, heat dissipation, and balance. Note that appendages are not crucial for the life of the animal; thus a #$Neck-AnimalBodyPart or #$Head-AnimalBodyPart is not considered to be an appendage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appendage' in WordNet: 1. extremity, appendage, member - (an external body part that projects from the body; 'it is important to keep the extremities warm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :Appendage, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Protrusion . :Appendectomy :guid "bd58c5c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "appendectomy1n", "appendicectomy1n" ; :wordnet "appendectomy", "appendicectomy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appendectomy' in WordNet: 1. appendectomy, appendicectomy - (surgical removal of the vermiform appendix) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically, :SurgicalTreatment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appendix ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appendix ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Appendicitis :wnsense "appendicitis1n" ; :wordnet "appendicitis" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Appendicitis'' is an ''Inflammation'' of the ''Appendix'' typically due to infection. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appendicitis' in WordNet: 1. appendicitis - (inflammation of the vermiform appendix) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflammation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PainOrAche ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appendix ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :Appendix :wnsense "appendix2n", "vermiform appendix1n", "vermiform process1n" ; :wordnet "appendix", "vermiform appendix", "vermiform process" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Appendix'' is an specialization of #$InternalOrgan and instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType: the collection of all living Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'appendix' in WordNet: 2. appendix, vermiform appendix, vermiform process, cecal appendage - (a vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan . :AppendixText :wnsense "ppendix1n" ; :wordnet "ppendix" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AppendixText'' ('appendix') is part of a printed Book or Document that follows the main part (is 'appended') and contains supplementary or reference material. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appendix' in WordNet: 1. (6) appendix - (supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Printed ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Document-Physical ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :Appetite :wnsense "appetite1n" ; :wordnet "appetite" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Appetite'' is an internal ''DirectedFeeling'' that is an intuitive subtype of ''Desire'' (not caused by reasoning) that arises and intensifies over some interval of time (usually longer than for an ''Urge'') and creates a Motive (Motive is MentalObject - an abstract Object of thought, not state) to do something that will abate (sate) the Appetite. There are a few prominant types of ''Appetite'' - Hunger, sexual desire, and a desire for recognition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appetite' in Wordnet: 1. (5) appetite, appetency, appetence - (a feeling of craving something; 'an appetite for life'; 'the object of life is to satisfy as many appetencies as possible'- Granville Hicks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, :NormalOrganismCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Satisfaction ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ] . :Appetizer :guid "bd590480-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "appetizer1n", "starter5n" ; :wordnet "appetizer", "starter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Food dishes which might be served as an appetizer. Corrresponds to sense 1 of Appetizer and sense 5 of 'starter' in WordNet: 1. appetizer, appetiser, starter - (food or drink to stimulate the appetite (usually served before a meal or as the first course)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourseOfAMeal . :AppetizerStuff a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Food substance that is typically part of an Appetizer in a meal..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food . :Applauding :wnsense "applaud2v" ; :wordnet "applaud" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'applaud' in WordNet: 2. (4) applaud - (express approval of; 'I applaud your efforts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Praising . :Applauding-Clapping :eng "applauding" ; :guid "bd58c33c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "acclaim2v", "applaud1v", "applause1n", "clap3v", "clapping1n", "hand clapping1n" ; :wordnet "acclaim", "applaud", "applause", "clap", "clapping", "hand clapping" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To clap the hands to express approval. NOTE: there may be some shouting such as 'brava!' but the dominant sound will be that of clapping. NOTE2: 'spat' is not in RHW in this sense - omitted. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'applaud' in WordNet: 1. (5) applaud, clap, spat, acclaim - (clap one's hands or shout after performances to indicate approval) WN noun 'clapping': 1. (2) applause, hand clapping, clapping - (a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Applauding, :ArmMovement, :GesturingWithTheHands, :InformationTransferEvent, :SociabilityBasedAction, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClappingSound ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Approval-Emotion ; owl:onProperty :signifies ] . :Apple :ldoce "apple" ; :wnsense "apple1n" ; :wordnet "apple" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fruit that is produced by an apple tree (Malus sylvestris, of the rose family), having a smooth shiny skin. It is usually red when ripe, but can be green or yellow. Apples come in many varieties, and can be small, such as a crab apple, but the edible apple of commerce is typically about 3 inches in diameter. The seeds are distributed in a cylindrical core extending from the attachment stem. Its profile shape (when oriented with the stem at the top and viewed from the side) is sufficently distinctive to be recognizable as a silhouette. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apple' in WordNet: 1. (2) apple - (fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AppleTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :AppleCider :en "apple cider" ; :enn "apple cider" ; :wnsense "apple juice1n", "sweet cider1n" ; :wordnet "apple juice", "sweet cider" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A ''FruitJuice'' derived by pressing ''\"Apple''s. NOTE: this is sometimes called 'sweet cider', and is not fermented. When fermented, it is represented as ''Cider'' in COSMO, and may be called 'hard cider'. Wikipedia 'sweet cider': Apple cider (also called sweet cider or soft cider or simply cider) is the name used in the United States and Canada for an unfiltered, unsweetened, non-alcoholic beverage made from apples Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apple juice' in WordNet: 1. apple juice - (the juice of apples) WN noun 'sweet cider': 1. sweet cider - (unfermented cider) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitDrink, :FruitJuice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Apple ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :AppleCorp :en "Apple", "Apple,Inc." ; a :Corporation ; rdfs:comment """''AppleCorp'' is the computer company 'Apple', maker of various computer products including the ''iPad'' and ''iPhone''. """ . :ApplePie :guid "c05628a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "apple pie1n" ; :wordnet "apple pie" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pie that has ApplePieFilling as the PieFilling. This is a baked pie, not the raw unbaked object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apple pie' in WordNet: 1. apple pie - (pie (with a top crust) containing sliced apples and sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplePieFilling ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :ApplePieFilling :hasComponentObjectType :ApplePiece ; :hasComponentSubstance :ApplePieces, :Cinnamon-Spice, :Sugar ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ApplePieFilling is a PieFilling that contains pieces of Apple, along with sugar (Sucrose), Cinnamon, and possibly other ingredients, and fills the LowerCrust of an ApplePie. It is baked before serving.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFood, :PieFilling . :ApplePiece a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An object that is piece of an Apple, containing at least some of the pulp, though there may be a small part of skin included..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Apple ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Apple ; owl:onProperty :isObtainedFrom ] . :ApplePieces :consistsOfManyOf :ApplePiece ; :hasUnitObject :ApplePiece ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance consisting of pieces of Apples. These can be quite small, too small to count, as in ''AppleSauce''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food . :AppleSauce :hasComponentSubstance :ApplePieces, :Sugar ; :wnsense "applesauce1n" ; :wordnet "applesauce" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AppleSauce'' is a ''PreparedFood'' that contains ''Apple''s that have been stewed and pureed, and have had some ingredients such as sugar added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'applesauce' in Wordnet: 1. applesauce, apple sauce - (puree of stewed apples usually sweetened and spiced) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparedFoodStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :AppleTree :guid "bd58c19d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "apple" ; :wnsense "Malus pumila1n", "apple tree1n", "apple2n", "orchard apple tree1n" ; :wordnet "Malus pumila", "apple", "apple tree", "orchard apple tree" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apple tree' and sense 2 of 'apple' in WordNet: 1. (3) apple tree - (any tree of the genus Malus especially those bearing firm rounded edible fruits) WN noun 'apple': 2. apple, orchard apple tree, Malus pumila - (native Eurasian tree widely cultivated in many varieties for its firm rounded edible fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitTree . :Appliance :wnsense "appliance2n" ; :wordnet "appliance" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a generic ''Appliance'' for indoors (home or office) use. This is a type of ''Device'' of some complexity, often powered, designed for some relatively narrow range of uses, as contrasted with tools that can be broadly used for multiple uses, and in some cases in outdoor locations. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'appliance' in WordNet: 2. appliance - (durable goods for home or office use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :DurableGood, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PlaceOfResidence :IndoorLocation :HumanOccupationConstruct ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation ] . :Applicable :wnsense "applicable1adj" ; :wordnet "applicable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Applicable'' is an attribute for MentalObjects such as ideas, Methods, Assertions, that are Useful for achieving some Goal, such as accomplishing a task or solving a problem. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'applicable' in Wordnet: 1. (7) applicable - (capable of being applied; having relevance; 'gave applicable examples to support her argument') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FitForaPurpose, :Relevant, :Useful . :Applicant :wnsense "applicant1n", "applier1n" ; :wordnet "applicant", "applier" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Applicant'' is a Person who is performing or has performed an ''ApplyingForSomething'' Action; applying for a job, for admission to a school or Organization membership, for a loan, for financial assistance, applying for Parole - whatever. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'applicant' in WordNet: 1. (13) applicant, applier - (a person who requests or seeks something such as assistance or employment or admission) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingForSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :ApplicationText :wnsense "application1n" ; :wordnet "application" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ApplicationText'' is an AbstractText created by an ''ApplyingForSomething'' Action. This can have any physical representation oral or written Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'application' in RHW: 5. a written or spoken request or appeal for employment, admission, help, funds, etc.: to file an application for admission to a university. WordNet 'application' does not clearly distinguish between the act of applying and the ''AbstractSymbolicObject'' created by the applying process. in WordNet: WN noun 'application' : 1. (378) application - (a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school; 'December 31 is the deadline for applications') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ApplyingForSomething ] . :Applicator :wnsense "applicator1n", "applier2n" ; :wordnet "applicator", "applier" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Applicator'' is any Device used to apply a liquid substance to some surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'applicator' in WordNet: 1. (1) applicator, applier - (a device for applying a substance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingStuffToSurface ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Applied :isTheOppositeOf :Theoretical ; :pertainsTo :AppliedResearch ; :wnsense "applied2adj" ; :wordnet "applied" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Applied'' is an attribute that characterizes the thing modified as being concerned with praticalapplications of the knowledge being sought rather than theory or basic knowledge of the world. This is used mostly to characterize research. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'applied' in Wordnet: 2. applied - (concerned with concrete problems or data rather than with fundamental principles; opposed to theoretical; 'applied physics'; 'applied psychology'; 'technical problems in medicine, engineering, economics and other applied discipcdlines'- Sidney Hook) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AppliedResearch :en "applied research", "applied science" ; :enn "applied research", "applied science" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AppliedResearch' is a type of Research that has components of both Science and Engineering - it is 'basic' research (the searh for basic knowledgeof natural events) that is undertaken to provide information for some Engineering activity - to be applied to practical problems. This type of research is the most common type at commercial organizations. In Wordnet, the only sense of 'applied science' is closer to 'engineering' and is a field, rather than an activity. This type contrasts with 'basic research' or 'theoretical research' or 'developmental research' or 'development'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Research . :AppliedResearchAndDevelopment :guid "deaaa89c-6949-41d7-9fa1-ef127c3c29bb" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Research or development whose main purpose is to build a useful artifact (including finding useful medical substances), not to investigate a natural phenomenon. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppliedResearch, :ResearchProject . :ApplyingAForce :guid "bd58fed7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "force" ; :wnsense "force3v", "force8v" ; :wordnet "force" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$ApplyingAForce is an event in which a force is applied to an object. For an Event in which ApplyingaForce results in an Object's motion, use 'AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce'. Includes but is not limited to verb sense 3 of 'force' in WordNet: this COSMO sense includes Events in which something has a force applied but does not move, or something is pushed into another by applying a force: in WordNet: 3. (13) push, force - (move with force, 'He pushed the table into a corner') 8. (1) pull, draw, force - (cause to move by pulling; 'draw a wagon'; 'pull a sled') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectingSomething, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :ApplyingAPressure :guid "bd58ff16-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "press" ; :wnsense "press10v", "press11v", "press1v", "press4v", "press5v" ; :wordnet "press" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type includes all forms of applying a pressure, directly by contact of solid on solid (not by transmission of pneumatic pressure through a fluid), which is applying a force on an object that is not free to move and therefore is not accelerated by the force. Examples are leaning on a table, squeezing a toothpaste tube, squeezing a person's hand or a pus-filled pimple, stamping a metal planchet to create a coin, etc. In structures, every object supported by a SupporingObject is ApplyingAPressure on the SupportinObject. Subtypes of this type can distinguish among the different ways that pressure may be applied to things. ApplyingAPressure may compress an object, or distort it, as does the pressure of a person standing on a long wooden plank supported only at the ends. @ToDo1013: 10 sb a subtype of 'create' Includes verb senses 1,4,5,7, 10, and 11 of 'press' in Wordnet: 1. (32) press - (exert pressure or force to or upon; 'He pressed down on the boards'; 'press your thumb on this spot') 4. (2) press - (place between two surfaces and apply weight or pressure; 'pressed flowers') 5. (2) compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract, press - (squeeze or press together; 'she compressed her lips'; 'the spasm contracted the muscle') 7. (1) press - (create by pressing; 'Press little holes into the soft clay') 10. press, press out - (press from a plastic; 'press a record') 11. press, push - (make strenuous pushing movements during birth to expel the baby; ''Now push hard,' said the doctor to the woman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingAForce . :ApplyingATorque :en "apply a torque" ; :eng "applying a torque" ; :env "apply a torque" ; :guid "bd590548-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The event of applying a force which produces a torque. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingAForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torque ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotating ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TorqueWrench ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface :en "sticking on an adhesive-backed object" ; :guid "bfb050cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface event, a physical object is attached to a surface by and along its adhesive surface. Examples of #$ApplyingAdhesiveBackedMaterialToSurface include attachment of stickers, stamps, stamp hinges, some linoleum, and some wallpaper to appropriate surfaces. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affixing, :ApplyingAPressure . :ApplyingForSomething :wnsense "application1n", "apply3v" ; :wordnet "application", "apply" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ApplyingForSomething'' is a type of 'Requesting' performed according to some procedure established by some ''Authority'' who can grant a ''Right'' or do a service, or give something valuable. The application is often in writing, but not necessarily. The ''Authority'' is usually but not necessarily an 'Organization''. WordNet 'application' does not clearly distinguish between the act of applying and the ''AbstractSymbolicObject'' created by the applying process. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'apply' in WordNet: 3. (13) apply - (ask (for something); 'He applied for a leave of absence'; 'She applied for college'; 'apply for a job') WN noun 'application' : 1. (378) application - (a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school; 'December 31 is the deadline for applications') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :ApplicationText ] . :ApplyingFriction :en "applying friction" ; :guid "bd5906bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ANOTE: this is (unlike in CYC) a ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' in which some intentional action causes friction between two solid objects. Non-intentional friction-causing Cyc: Frictional forces are exerted (i.e. a #$FrictionProcess occurs) so as to inhibit relative motion between objects which are in physical contact (#$touches qv). If motion is already happening, the force acts in a direction opposite to that motion. If the motion has not started, as in the case of static friction, the frictional force acts in a direction opposite that of the net applied forces. Examples include air friction, rolling friction, mechanical friction.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingAForce . :ApplyingLipstick :en "apply lipstick", "applying lipstick" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ApplyingLipstick'' is an ''ApplyingMakeup'' in which the stuff applied is ''Lipstick'' and the surface is usually the lips. This includes the action performed by a Person (most often a woman) on herself, or the action of a professional makeup artist applying makeup to a client (such as a movie actor). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingMakeup, :ApplyingStuffToSurface, :MarkingOnASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lipstick ; owl:onProperty :consumes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lip ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :ApplyingMakeup a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ApplyingMakeup'' is an ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' in which the stuff applied is ''Makeup'' and the surface is usually some part of the Face. This includes the action performed by a Person (most often a woman) on herself, or the action of a professional makeup artist applying makeup to a client (such as a movie actor). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToTheSkin, :MarkingOnASurface, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Makeup ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :ApplyingMascara :en "applying mascara" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ApplyingMascara'' is an ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' in which the 'stuff' is ''Mascara'' and the 'surface' to which the mascara is applied is (usually)) an ''Eylash'' or an ''Eyebrow'' (any part of the eyelashes or eyebrows on one specific Person). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Eyelash :Eyebrow ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mascara ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :ApplyingNailPolish a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ApplyingNailPolish'' is an ''ApplyingMakeup'' in which the stuff applied is ''NailPolish'' and the surface is usually the ''Fingernail''s. This includes the action performed by a Person (most often a woman) on herself, or the action of a professional makeup artist applying makeup to a client (such as a movie actor). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingMakeup, :ApplyingStuffToSurface, :MarkingOnASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NailPolish ; owl:onProperty :consumes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fingernail ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :ApplyingPaint :en "painting" ; :guid "bd58d345-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "paint" ; :wnsense "paint1v", "paint2v" ; :wordnet "paint" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the intentional physical Action of applying paint to a surface, including both for the purpose of creating a picture or merely to coat the surface, as in painting the walls of a house. In Cyc called 'Painting-Activity' The actual art form of 'painting' (FieldOfStudy) is represented in COSMO by 'TheArtOfPainting'. Includes both vern senses 1 and 2 of 'paint' in WordNet: 1. (17) paint - (make a painting; 'he painted all day in the garden'; 'He painted a painting of the garden') 2. (13) paint - (apply paint to; coat with paint; 'We painted the rooms yellow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface, :Coloring, :MarkingOnASurface, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paint ; owl:onProperty :consumes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paint ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :ApplyingSomethingToSurface :en "applying something to a surface" ; :enn "applying something to a surface" ; :guid "bd588cf1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$ApplyingSomethingToSurface event, something is applied to a surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :MaterialHandling, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOfaSolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :ApplyingStuffToSurface :guid "bd7d9fb5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "applyv4", "coat1v", "put on7v", "surface2v" ; :wordnet "apply", "coat", "put on", "surface" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$ApplyingStuffToSurface event, some stuff is applied to a surface so that it covers [#$covers-Generic] it. This may be done in different ways, for example by dipping an object into the stuff being applied, spraying the stuff onto the surface, or #$SpreadingStuffOntoSurface. NOTE: this type includes within the restrictions both the object to which the coating is applied: hadObjectModified - SolidObject and the stuff applied to it: usedSubstance - SubstanceType Thus it includes both 'applying' (some substance), and the 'coating' (of some surface). Although those terms are conceptually distinguishable, they imply the other and are included here together. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'apply' in WordNet: 4. (11) put on, apply - (apply to a surface; 'She applied paint to the back of the house'; 'Put on make-up!') WN verb 'coat': 1. (4) coat, surface - (put a coat on; cover the surface of; furnish with a surface; 'coat the cake with chocolate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingSomethingToSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usedSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Coating ] . :ApplyingStuffToTheSkin a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ApplyingStuffToTheSkin'' is an ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' in which the 'surface' to which the stuff is applied to the ''Skin'' (usually of a Person,but possibly other animals.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :Skin ] . :ApplyingWax :wnsense "wax1v" ; :wordnet "wax" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Applying ''Wax'', often to an ''Automobile'', to make the surface look smooth and shiny. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wax' in WordNet: 1. (2) wax - (cover with wax; \"wax the car\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingaFinish, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wax ; owl:onProperty :consumes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wax ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :ApplyingaFinish :wnsense "finish4v" ; :wordnet "finish" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ApplyingaFinish'' is an Action in which *either* a coating of some 'finish' liquid is applied to the surface of an Object to give it a desired appearance. This is applied especially to 'finishing' wooden object with a glossy or semiglossy lacquer-like substance, without without prior application of a 'stain; *or* a smoothing or other process is apllied to a surface to give it a desired texture. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'finish' in WordNet: 4. (3) finish - (provide with a finish; 'The carpenter finished the table beautifully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface, :CoveringSomething, :FinishingAnArtifactSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ] . :Appointed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AppointingEvent ; :wnsense "appointed2adj" ; :wordnet "appointed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Appointed'' is an attribute of a Person that was appointed (experienced an ''AppointingEvent'') to some position. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'appointed' in Wordnet: 2. (2) appointed - (selected for a job; 'the one appointed for guard duty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Selected . :AppointedOfficial :en "appointed public official" ; :enn "appointed public official" ; :wnsense "appointee1n" ; :wordnet "appointee" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AppointedOfficial'' is a ''PublicOfficial'' who was appointed rather than elected to that position. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appointee' in WordNet: 1. (2) appointee - (an official who is appointed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appointee, :PublicOfficial . :Appointee :wnsense "appointee2n", "appointment4n" ; :wordnet "appointee", "appointment" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the general sense of 'appointee'; for the public official who is appointed, use subtype ''AppointedOfficial''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'appointee' in WordNet: 2. (2) appointee, appointment - (a person who is appointed to a job or position) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Functionary, :RoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AppointingEvent ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :AppointingEvent :ldoce "appoint" ; :wnsense "appoint1v", "appoint2v" ; :wordnet "appoint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AppointingEvent is a type of AssigningAgentToRole in which the Role is some office or position that has official status within an Organization. Not any old Role will be the object of an AssigningEvent. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'appoint' in WordNet: 1. (13) appoint, name, nominate, constitute - (create and charge with a task or function; 'nominate a committee') 2. (8) appoint, charge - (assign a duty, responsibility or obligation to; 'He was appointed deputy manager'; 'She was charged with supervising the creation of a concordance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningAgentToRole . :Appointment :wnsense "appointment2n", "date3n", "engagement2n" ; :wordnet "appointment", "date", "engagement" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Appointment' is an ''Agreement'' among some group of people to conduct a ''Meeting'', planned for some time in the future. This differs from agreements for large gathering in that the future meeting is for two parties; on party (the one(s) who 'have' the appointment) is usually one or two people, but the second party could one or coud be a committee, so the there is no limit on the 'others' *with whom* the appoontment is had. Two people who plan to meet with each other both 'have' an appointment. The future meeting planned and agreed to in the ''Appointment'' is often to conduct some form of *business*, such as appointments with health care workers, advisors, or people providing a service or providing information. But this type logically also includes an appointment for a romantic 'date', which is actualy represented bythe subtype ''Date''. The WN gloss includes 'date' but does not seem to distinguish between the appointment and the actual meeting event. This type is the agreement, which looks forward to the Event. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'appointment' in WordNet: 2. (1) date, appointment, engagement - (a meeting arranged in advance; 'she asked how to avoid kissing at the end of a date') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FutureMeeting ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ] . :Appraisal :wnsense "appraisal2n", "assessment3n", "estimate2n", "estimation2n" ; :wordnet "appraisal", "assessment", "estimate", "estimation" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Appraisal''is an ''AbstractDocument'' containing the results of some ''AssessingTheValueOfSomething'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appraisal' in WordNet, but interpreted as the 'AbstractDocument' which may have multiple representations in physical documents. Also includes noun sense 3 of 'assessment': in WordNet: 2. appraisal, estimate, estimation - (a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)) WN noun 'assessment': 3. assessment - (the market value set on assets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :Evaluation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssessingTheValueOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonetaryValue ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :assertsAttributeOrType ; owl:someValuesFrom :MonetaryValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonetaryValue ; owl:onProperty :describes ] . :Appraiser :guid "c154f6e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "appraiser1n", "valuator1n" ; :wordnet "appraiser", "valuator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$PersonWithOccupation whose job it is to determine the likely selling price of some object based upon an interpretation of disinterested facts and judgements. An ''Appraiser'' could be one who appraises the value of real estate (e.g. for property taxation or as a security for a loan) or of some valuable item intended for sale, e.g. at an auction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appraiser' in WordNet: 1. (1) appraiser, valuator - (one who estimates officially the worth or value or quality of things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson, :PersonWithOccupation, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssessingTheValueOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Apprentice :wnsense "apprentice1n", "learner2n", "prentice1n" ; :wordnet "apprentice", "learner", "prentice" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Apprentice'' is a person learning to perform some activity from a teacher,usually a master. This can be an informal learning or a formal apprenticeship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apprentice' in WordNet: 1. (10) apprentice, learner, prentice - (works for an expert to learn a trade) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amateur, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LearningHowToDoSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unskilled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inexperienced ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Approaching :en "approaching" ; :guid "bd59060f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "near" ; :wnsense "approach1v", "come up3v", "come1v", "craw near1v", "near1v" ; :wordnet "approach", "come", "come up", "draw near", "near" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Approaching' Event is a 'MovingTowardSomething' in which one Object moves in a translational Motion in the direction of some Object or Location, **and comes near to that Object or Place**. The moving Object is usually a agent, but can be any Object that is moving in a specific direction, such as a vehical ('the train is approaching the station'). Objects that do not have control over their direction of motion, such as ballistically moving objects (an asteroid approaching the Earth) or objects rolling down an incline (an avalanche or lava flow approaching a town), can also be said to be 'Approaching' another object or place. The location or object being approached must be specified as the value of the relation 'isInTheDirectionOf'. This type can be used for generic types of 'approaching', as in discussing the actions during the approaching of an airplane to an airport. If the approaching Object actually terminates motion near the Object or Location that it is approaching, the ending phase will be an 'ArrivingAtAPlace'. However, not every 'Approaching' ends in an 'ArrivingAtAPlace', since the approaching Event may stop short of the object approached, or the direction of motion may change. Cyc: The collection of events in which some object is approaching another object or location. NOTE: LDOCE does not seem to use 'near' in this verbal sense, but the mapping is made anyway because there is also no 'approach' in LDOCE. (perhaps 'draw near' or 'come near' is used??) NOTE2: the terms 'come, come up' mostly describe the motion of an approaching object from the point of view of the thing stationary or being approached. these perspectives may be distinguishable. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'approach' anbdverb sense 1 of 'near' in WordNet: 1. (46) approach, near, come on, go up, draw near, draw close, come near - (move towards; 'We were approaching our destination'; 'They are drawing near'; 'The enemy army came nearer and nearer') WN verb 'come up': 3. (7) come, come up - (move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody; 'He came singing down the road'; 'Come with me to the Casbah'; 'come down here!'; 'come out of the closet!'; 'come into the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovingTowardSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeingInProximity ] . :Appropriately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Suitable ; :wnsense "appropriately1adv", "befittingly1adv", "fitly1adv", "fittingly1adv", "suitably1adv" ; :wordnet "appropriately", "befittingly", "fitly", "fittingly", "suitably" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Appropriately'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions to indicate that the Action was or could be or could have been 'appropriate' or ''fitting' - suitable for some purpose. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'appropriately' in Wordnet: 1. (2) appropriately, suitably, fittingly, befittingly, fitly - (in an appropriate manner; 'he was appropriately dressed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Appropriating :wnsense "appropriate1v", "earmark1v", "set aside1v" ; :wordnet "appropriate", "earmark", "set aside" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Appropriating'' is a ''Legislating' Action that produces an ''Appropriation'' - a QuantityOfMoney set aside for some purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appropriate' in WordNet: 1. (11) allow, appropriate, earmark, set aside, reserve - (give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause; 'I will earmark this money for your research'; 'She sets aside time for meditation every day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Legislating, :Reserving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appropriation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :AppropriatingProperty :wnsense "appropriate1v", "attach5v", "capture1n", "capture5v", "confiscate1v", "gaining control1n", "impound1v", "seize3v", "seize4v", "seizure2n", "sequester2v" ; :wordnet "appropriate", "attach", "capture", "confiscate", "gaining control", "impound", "seize", "seizure", "sequester" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes verb sense 2 of 'appropriate' and sense 4 of 'seize' in WordNet: 2. (1) appropriate, capture, seize, conquer - (take possession of by force, as after an invasion; 'the invaders seized the land and property of the inhabitants'; 'The army seized the town'; 'The militia captured the castle') WN verb 'seize': 4. (3) impound, attach, sequester, confiscate, seize - (take temporary possession of as a security, by legal authority; 'The FBI seized the drugs'; 'The customs agents impounded the illegal shipment'; 'The police confiscated the stolen artwork') WN noun 'seizure': 2. (1) capture, gaining control, seizure - (the act of forcibly dispossessing an owner of property) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingPossessionOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom :ValuableThingType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Government ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Appropriation :wnsense "appropriation1n" ; :wordnet "appropriation" ; a :MoneyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Appropriation'' is some ''Money'' set aside by a legislative body for government purposes.. This is 'produced' by a legislative act of ''Appropriating'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appropriation' in WordNet: 1. (3) appropriation - (money set aside (as by a legislature) for a specific purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appropriating ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :Approval :wnsense "approval4n", "commendation2n" ; :wordnet "approval", "commendation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AbstractDocument'' that is a ''MentalObject''. NOTE: this type includes 'approval' in the sense of an agreement that the thing approved is acceptable, not necessearily a high opinion. For that latter, use ''PraiseText''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commendation' in WordNet: 2. approval, commendation - (a message expressing a favorable opinion; 'words of approval seldom passed his lips') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content, :Message, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PraiseText ; owl:onProperty :hasRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laudatory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Approval-CommunicationAct :en "approving", "give approval", "give one's blessing to", "giving approval" ; :guid "c0057239-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "approval", "approve" ; :wnsense "O.K.1v", "approval1n", "approve1v", "approving1n", "blessing1n", "sanction1v" ; :wordnet "O.K.", "approval", "approve", "approving", "blessing", "sanction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of communication acts. In each element of #$Approval-CommunicationAct, an agent expresses an approval. Such approvals include: approving a loan application, endorsing a product, seconding or voting for a resolution proposed before an official body, condoning another agent's course of action. Note: Acts communicating some kind of approval do not entail subjective feelings of approval by the agent (cf. #$Approval). Also see #$Requesting-CommunicationAct. This in some cases has elements of 'permitting' but WN sense 1 of 'approve' seems to include approval by someone not in a position to hinder. More distinctions needed? For rev1407 added ''GrantingPermission'' as an eplicit subtype of 'permitting', and Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'approval' and verb sense 1 of 'approve' in WordNet: 1. (11) blessing, approval, approving - (the formal act of approving; 'he gave the project his blessing'; 'his decision merited the approval of any sensible person') WN verb 'approve': 1. (27) approve, O.K., okay, sanction - (give sanction to; 'I approve of his educational policies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accepting . :Approval-Emotion :en "approving" ; :guid "be00bc14-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "approval", "approve" ; :wnsense "approval2n", "approve2v" ; :wordnet "approval", "approve" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The emotion of viewing positively a state of affairs or other agent's actions. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. NOTE that the verb sense of 'approve' is classified in COSMO as a subtype of 'Feeling', which is a subtype of 'Event'. To approve in this sense is to have a Feeling of Approval. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'approval' and verb sense 2 of 'approve' in WordNet: 2. (3) approval - (a feeling of liking something or someone good; 'although she fussed at them, she secretly viewed all her children with approval') WN verb 'approve': 2. (7) approve - (judge to be right or commendable; think well of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Satisfaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disapproval ; owl:onProperty :hasContrastingFeeling ] . :Approved :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :GrantingPermission ; :wnsense "approved1adj", "approved2adj", "sanctioned3adj" ; :wordnet "approved", "sanctioned" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Approved'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' characterizes some Action or PhysicalObject produced by an Action where the ''Action'' was considered by some ''Person'' that has the capacity to forbid it, and received permission or at least did not forbid it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'approved' in Wordnet: 1. (4) approved, sanctioned - (established by authority; given authoritative approval; 'a list of approved candidates') 2. approved - (generally or especially officially judged acceptable or satisfactory; 'an approved method'; 'work on the approved project went ahead on schedule') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ApprovingARequest :guid "bf6490b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "approve" ; :wnsense "approve1v" ; :wordnet "approve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of communication actions in which an agent approves a request. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'approve' in WordNet: WN verb 'approve': 1. (27) approve, O.K., okay, sanction - (give sanction to; 'I approve of his educational policies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approval-CommunicationAct . :Approximate :isTheOppositeOf :HighlyAccurate ; :wnsense "approximate1adj", "rough3adj" ; :wordnet "approximate", "rough" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Approximate' is an attribute of measurements or 'Approximation's, meaning that the thing thus characterized is not known to be accurate, but based on methods (such as intuition or past experience) that may give inaccurate numbers. This can be the result of a 'rough guess' without actual measurements. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'approximate' and sense 3 of 'rough' in WordNet: 1. (3) approximate, approximative, rough - (not quite exact or correct; 'the approximate time was 10 o'clock'; 'a rough guess'; 'a ballpark estimate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :ApproximateQuantity :en "estimated quantity" ; :wnsense "indefinite quantity1n" ; :wordnet "indefinite quantity" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ApproximateQuantity'' is a ''QuantityOfStuff'' that is also a ''VerbalQuantifier'', being only approximate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indefinite quantity' in WordNet: 1. indefinite quantity - (an estimated quantity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfStuff, :VerbalQuantifier . :Approximately :en "approximately" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalAttribute, :QuantitativeAttributeValue ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Approximate ; :wnsense "about1adv", "approximately1adv", "around5adv", "close to1adv", "just about2adv", "more or less1adv", "or so1adv", "roughly1adv" ; :wordnet "about", "approximately", "around", "close to", "just about", "more or less", "or so", "roughly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Approximately'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify quantitative measures to indicate that the quantity specified may vary to some extent from the actual quantity that the thing measure actually has. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'approximately' in WordNet: 1. (26) approximately, about, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less, around, or so - ((of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct; 'lasted approximately an hour'; 'in just about a minute'; 'he's about 30 years old'; 'I've had about all I can stand'; 'we meet about once a month'; 'some forty people came'; 'weighs around a hundred pounds'; 'roughly $3,000'; 'holds 3 gallons, more or less'; '20 or so people were at the party') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Approximation :wnsense "approximation1n", "estimate1n", "estimation1n" ; :wordnet "approximation", "estimate", "estimation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: an 'Approximation' is an Expectation, based on some ''Observing'' or ''Observation'' (otherwise it would be a ''Guess'') about something observable that is not accurately known, particularly about the value of some 'QuantitiveAttributeValue' that is not derived from a careful ''Measuring'' Event. It is an Expectation in the sense that it is a weak belief that an accurate measurement would produce a value near to the 'Approximation'. It is a weak form of 'Belief'. NOTE that this is not a measurement or a value from a measurement, though it may be based on a measurement (i.e. one known not to be as accurate as possible) Includes noun sense 1 of 'approximation' and noun sense 1 of 'estimate' in WordNet: 1. (3) estimate, estimation, approximation, idea - (an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth; 'an estimate of what it would cost'; 'a rough idea how long it would take') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expectation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :QuantitativeAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Approximate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Observing ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Estimating ] . :Apricot :wnsense "apricot2n" ; :wordnet "apricot" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'apricot' in WordNet: 2. apricot - (downy yellow to rosy-colored fruit resembling a small peach) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApricotTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :ApricotTree :wnsense "apricot tree1n", "apricot1n" ; :wordnet "apricot", "apricot tree" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apricot tree' in WordNet: 1. apricot, apricot tree - (Asian tree having clusters of usually white blossoms and edible fruit resembling the peach) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitTree . :April :wnsense "April1n" ; :wordnet "April" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are April. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'April' in WordNet: 1. (23) April, Apr - (the month following March and preceding May) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Apron :guid "bd58ab47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "apron1n" ; :wordnet "apron" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all aprons, an item typically worn to protect the front of the body while working in the kitchen. Rubberized aprons used in workshops and industrial settings are included. SUMO: An item of Clothing that protects the front and middle part of the body while one is Cooking or doing other work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'apron' in WordNet: 1. (3) apron - (a garment of cloth or leather or plastic that is tied about the waist and worn to protect your clothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterGarment . :Apt :wnsense "apt2adj", "clever3adj" ; :wordnet "apt", "clever" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Apt' is the attribute of someone who can learn quickly, either academically or some practical skill. This is usually used for students or someone learning a skill from another person. NOTE: this is not the 'appropriate' sense - use 'Appropriate'. See also 'Clever' - a related term - and (for the results of intelligent action) 'Ingenious'. This corresponds to adj sense 2 of 'apt' and sense 3 of 'clever'in Wordnet: 3. (1) apt, clever - (mentally quick and resourceful; 'an apt pupil'; 'you are a clever man...you reason well and your wit is bold' - Bram Stoker) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intelligent . :Aptitude :isMoreIntenseThan :AgentCapability ; :wnsense "aptitude1n", "natural ability1n" ; :wordnet "aptitude", "natural ability" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Aptitude'' is a 'natural ability' that an agent seems to be born with, that enables performance of certain (varied) tasks at a significantly higher than average level. Includes noun sense 1 of 'aptitude' and sense 1 of 'natural ability' in WordNet: 1. (3) aptitude - (inherent ability) WN noun 'natural ability': 1. natural ability - (ability that is inherited) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability . :Aptly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Apt ; :wnsense "ably1adv", "aptly1adv", "capably1adv", "competently1adv", "with competence1adv" ; :wordnet "ably", "aptly", "capably", "competently", "with competence" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aptly' in Wordnet: 1. competently, aptly, ably, capably, with competence - (in a competent capable manner; 'they worked competently') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Aquarium :en "Aquarium-Container" ; :guid "bf02fb86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aquarium1n", "fish tank1n", "marine museum1n" ; :wordnet "aquarium", "fish tank", "marine museum" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: 'Aquarium-Container': Instances of #$Aquarium-Container are containers with transparent walls (often made of glass) which are used to house aquatic animals (often fish). Ponds for aquatic animals are not included. COSMO note: this can be of any size, including the large ''Aquarium's that hold many fish and hold large fish, with walkways along the sides for viewing by people. The organization 'aquarium' is a different type (CYC: 'Aquarium-Organization'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aquarium' in WordNet: 1. aquarium, fish tank, marine museum - (a tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalContainer, :LiquidStorageTank, :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AquaticOrganism ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fish ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :Aquarium-Organization :en "aquarium" ; :guid "be60f69f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances of #$Aquarium-Organization are organizations, usually non-profit but not always, which keep a collection of aquatic organisms for research and display. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalOrganization . :Aquatic :isAnAttributeValueOf :AquaticBird, :AquaticMammal, :AquaticOrganism, :AquaticPlant ; :wnsense "aquatic2adj" ; :wordnet "aquatic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'aquatic' in Wordnet: 2. aquatic - (operating or living or growing in water; 'boats are aquatic vehicles'; 'water lilies are aquatic plants'; 'fish are aquatic animals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AquaticBird :guid "bd5f4398-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aquatic bird1n" ; :wordnet "aquatic bird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In WN an ''aquatic bird' can be fresh or salt water. The term ''Waterfowl'' in WN is used for fresh water ''AquaticBird''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aquatic bird' in WordNet: 1. aquatic bird - (wading and swimming and diving birds of either fresh or salt water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :AquaticMammal :wnsense "aquatic mammal1n" ; :wordnet "aquatic mammal" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Mammals that dwell chiefly in the water. Includes whales, dolphins, manatees, seals, and walruses. NOTE: always in the sea? If so, identical to 'SeaMammal' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aquatic mammal' in WordNet: 1. aquatic mammal - (whales and dolphins; manatees and dugongs; walruses; seals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AquaticOrganism, :Mammal . :AquaticOrganism :en "aquatic organism" ; :enn "aquatic organism" ; :guid "bd589715-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Each specialization of #$AquaticOrganism is a type of organism adapted to life underwater, whose instances spend all or most of their time immersed in water. A notable specialization of #$AquaticOrganism is #$Fish. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aquatic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AquaticPlant :wnsense "aquatic plant1n", "hydrophyte1n", "hydrophytic plant1n", "water plant1n" ; :wordnet "aquatic plant", "hydrophyte", "hydrophytic plant", "water plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aquatic plant' in WordNet: 1. aquatic plant, water plant, hydrophyte, hydrophytic plant - (a plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AquaticOrganism, :VascularPlant . :Aqueduct :guid "18304bde-d4b3-41d6-8a39-cb62d6a16843" ; :wnsense "aqueduct1n" ; :wordnet "aqueduct" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Aqueduct'' is a large ''FluidConduit'' that functions to transport ''Water'' from a source to a location where it will be used for some purpose - for household purposes, industry or agriculture, among others. It may be open or closed, completely or in part. CYC: A specialization of #$FluidConduit. Each instance of #$Aqueduct is a conduit used to transport water for public use. #$Aqueduct is disjoint with #$SewerLine. The restriction sets the minimum width as ''TwelveInches'' but an Aqueduct is usually much larger. NOTE that the WN sense seems to be restricted to elevated aqueducts, but this type is for any large conduit to supply water from a distant source to a place of use. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aqueduct' in WordNet: 1. aqueduct - (a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :FluidConduit, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwelveInches ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumWidth ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :Aqueous :isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf :Water ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Water ; :wnsense "aqueous1adj", "watery3adj" ; :wordnet "aqueous", "watery" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Aqueous'' characterizes objects or substances for which the dominant component substance is ''Water''. The weight proportion of water can be less than 50% if the thing is a ''Liquid'' or a slurry, and the water is an essential component. NOTE' the term 'watery' is sometimes used in this sense but is not represented in WN in precisely this sense, but is used in that sense, as in WN 'sap' and 'plasma': sap - (a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals ... plasma, plasm - (colorless watery fluid of blood . . . So WN sense 3 seems to contain this meaning. RHW sense 10 is the closest. RHW 'watery': 10. consisting of water: a watery grave. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'aqueous' in Wordnet: 1. (14) aqueous - (similar to or containing or dissolved in water; 'aqueous solutions') WN adj 'watery' (part - 'watery substance'): 3. watery - (relating to or resembling or consisting of water; 'a watery substance'; 'a watery color') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AqueousSolution :wnsense "aqueous solution1n" ; :wordnet "aqueous solution" ; a :FluidType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AqueousSolution is a solution for which the Solvent is Water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aqueous solution' in WordNet: 1. (4) aqueous solution - (a solution in water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousThing, :Solution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :AqueousThing :en "aqueous thing" ; a :ObjectType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AqueousThing'' is an Object or Substance that has some significant content of ''Water'' contributing to its salient character. NOTE: the term 'aqueous' itself is not represented as an attribute; things that are 'aqueous' will be represented as subtypes of this type (similar to CYC usage). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingContainingSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aqueous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Arab :wnsense "Arab1n", "Arabian1n" ; :wordnet "Arab", "Arabian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Arab' in WordNet: 1. Arab, Arabian - (a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity . :Arabia :isaPhysicalPartOf :Asia ; :isaSpatialPartOf :Asia ; :wnsense "Arabia1n", "Arabian Peninsula1n" ; :wordnet "Arabia", "Arabian Peninsula" ; a :Peninsula ; rdfs:comment """#Asia\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Arabia' in WordNet: 1. Arabian Peninsula, Arabia - (a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; strategically important for its oil resources) """ . :Arabian :pertainsTo :Arab, :Arabia ; :wnsense "Arabian1adj" ; :wordnet "Arabian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Arabian' in Wordnet: 1. Arabian - (relating to or associated with Arabia or its people; 'Arabian Nights'; 'Arabian Sea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Arabic :wasCreatedBy :ArabicSpeakers ; :wnsense "Arabic1n" ; :wordnet "Arabic" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Arabic' in WordNet: 1. Arabic, Arabic language - (the Semitic language of the Arabs; spoken in a variety of dialects) """ . :ArabicSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :ArableLand :guid "be1968fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is interpreted as some piece of ArableLand, which can be as small as a small GardenPlot, but must be located on land; it cannot be in a flower pot. Each ArableLand instance is composed mostly of Soil - therefore this refers onyl to the part of the land area that is Soil. Cyc: The collection of land areas which are suitable for farming, whether or not they are actually in use for crop production at any given moment.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DryLand, :LandTopographicalFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Arachnid :guid "bd589f2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arachnid1n" ; :wordnet "arachnid" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A group of arthopods having segmented body, no antenna, and four pairs of legs. Spiders and ticks are the best known subsets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arachnid' in WordNet: 1. arachnid, arachnoid - (air-breathing arthropods characterized by simple eyes and four pairs of legs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arthropod, :TerrestrialOrganism, :Vermin . :Arbitrary :isTheOppositeOf :Necessary ; :wnsense "arbitrary1adj" ; :wordnet "arbitrary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arbitrary'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are not needed order to achieve some important Goal, but are motivated by whim or chance. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arbitrary' in Wordnet: 1. (8) arbitrary - (based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice; 'an arbitrary decision'; 'the arbitrary rule of a dictator'; 'an arbitrary penalty'; 'of arbitrary size and shape'; 'an arbitrary choice'; 'arbitrary division of the group into halves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discretionary, :Unnecessary . :ArbitratingaCase :wnsense "arbitrate1v", "arbitration1n" ; :wordnet "arbitrate", "arbitration" ; a :IntelligentActionType, :ServiceEventType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ArbitratingaCase'' is a formal type of ''Mediating'' that can be used in legal dispures (as between a contractor and the contracting party) or between organization. intercede, mediate, intermediate, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arbitration' in WordNet: 1. arbitration - ((law) the hearing and determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties (often used to settle disputes between labor and management)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mediating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arbitrator ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Arbitrator :wnsense "arbiter2n", "arbitrator1n" ; :wordnet "arbiter", "arbitrator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Arbitrator'' is a ''Mediator'' in formal cases called 'arbitration'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arbitrator' in WordNet: 1. arbiter, arbitrator - (someone chosen to judge and decide a disputed issue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mediator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArbitratingaCase ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArbitratingaCase ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Arboreal :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArborealAnimal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :LivingInTrees ; :wnsense "arboreal2adj", "arboreous1adj", "tree-living1adj" ; :wordnet "arboreal", "arboreous", "tree-living" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arboreal'' An attribute of animals that either live in or spend significant time in ''Tree''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'arboreal' in Wordnet: 2. arboreal, arboreous, tree-living - (inhabiting or frequenting trees; \"arboreal apes\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ArborealAnimal :en "arboreal animal" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArborealAnimal'' is a '''NonHumanAnimal'' that characteristically spends significant time in ''Tree''s, though not necessarily living or nesting there. Being in a Tree is one of the distinctive activities of such animals. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LivingInTrees ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arboreal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Arc :guid "bd58c223-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arc2n" ; :wordnet "arc" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Curve'' that is aproximately some segment of a Circle, less or equal to than one half. CYC: A specialization of both #$Line and #$LinearObject-Planar (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Arc is a continuous part of a curved line. Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the equator, and abstract objects, such as a part of an abstract ellipse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arc' in Wordnet: 2. (6) arc - (a continuous portion of a circle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curve, :Line, :RoundObject, :TwoDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circle ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArcShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :ArcShaped :wnsense "arced1adj" ; :wordnet "arced" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things having the shape of an ''Arc''. Wordnet 'arced' seems to include arcs that are not simply pat of circles, but may have vertical extensions, as it is synonymos with 'arched': Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'arced' in Wordnet: 1. arced, arched, arching, arciform, arcuate, bowed - (forming or resembling an arch; 'an arched ceiling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :Arcadian :pertainsTo :CountryLife, :RuralArea ; :wnsense "arcadian1adj", "bucolic1adj", "pastoral3adj", "rustic3adj" ; :wordnet "arcadian", "bucolic", "pastoral", "rustic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arcadian'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to ''CountryLife'', the kind of living experiences that people live though when they live in a ''RuralArea'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arcadian' in Wordnet: 1. arcadian, bucolic, pastoral, rustic - (used of idealized country life; 'a country life of arcadian contentment'; 'a pleasant bucolic scene'; 'charming in its pastoral setting'; 'rustic tranquility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Arch :ldoce "arch" ; :wnsense "arch1n" ; :wordnet "arch" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A three-dimensional object (not necessarily physical), oriented vertically in some oriented space (such as a gravitational field), which consists of a curved part with the two ends connecting to and resting above two separated vertical supports. An entire structure consisting of the vertical supports and the curved upper part is also considered as an arch. This is the shape of a physical arch that can occur in natural settings and very often in structures. In a structure, the vertical supports of an arch should have their base at floor level and be high enough to walk through. A doorway with a curved upper span is an example of an Arch. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arch' in WordNet: 1. (1) arch - (a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArchShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :ArchDiocese :wnsense "bishopric1n", "diocese1n", "episcopate2n" ; :wordnet "bishopric", "diocese", "episcopate" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArchDiocese'' is the ''EcclesiasticalDistrict'' controlled clerically by a ''Archbishop''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diocese' in WordNet: 1. diocese, bishopric, episcopate - (the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcclesiasticalDistrict, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Archbishop ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ] . :ArchObject :ldoce "arch" ; :wnsense "arch3n", "arch4n" ; :wordnet "arch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ArchObject is a solid PhysicalObject that is a Structure or part of a Structure, and has the shape of an ArchShape. Includes noun sense 3 and 4 of 'arch' in WordNet; NOTE that the gloss for sense 3 suggests it is indistinguishable from sense 4 This sense is for the PhysicalObject, not for a space under an arch: in WordNet: 3. arch, archway - (a passageway under a curved masonry construction; 'they built a triumphal arch to memorialize their victory') 4. arch - ((architecture) a masonry construction (usually curved) for spanning an opening and supporting the weight above it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArchShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arch ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :ArchShaped :wnsense "arched2adj" ; :wordnet "arched" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of objects having a shape appri-oximmtely that of an 'Arch' Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'arched' in WordNet: 2. (1) arced, arched, arching, arciform, arcuate, bowed - (forming or resembling an arch; 'an arched ceiling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :Archaeological :pertainsTo :Archaeology ; :wnsense "archaeologic1adj", "archaeological1adj", "archeologic1adj", "archeological1adj" ; :wordnet "archaeologic", "archaeological", "archeologic", "archeological" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pertaining to 'Archaeology' and its methods and activities undertaken in investigations.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'archaeological' in WordNet: 1. archaeological, archeological, archaeologic, archeologic - (related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology; 'an archaeological dig'; 'a dramatic archaeological discovery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ArchaeologicalDigging :en "archaeological dig", "archaeological excavation" ; :wnsense "dig4n", "excavation1n" ; :wordnet "dig", "excavation" ; a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ArchaeologicalDigging'' is a form of ''ArchaeologicalExploration'' in which an ''Archaeologist'' searches for objects such as artifacts or trace remains of earlier human activities or settlements by digging to produce an ''ArchaeologicalExcavation'' and examining and/or analyzing the objects found to learn about earlier humans. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'dig' in WordNet: 4. excavation, digging, dig - (the act of digging; 'there's an interesting excavation going on near Princeton') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArchaeologicalExploration, :DiggingAHole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArchaeologicalExcavation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ArchaeologicalExcavation :wnsense "archeological site1n", "dig1n", "excavation2n" ; :wordnet "archeological site", "dig", "excavation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Excavation-Hole''s or diggings produced by an ''Archaeologist'' to attempt to discover objects providing information about earlier humans and their activities. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'excavation' in WordNet: 2. dig, excavation, archeological site - (the site of an archeological exploration; 'they set up camp next to the dig') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excavation-Hole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Archaeologist ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :ArchaeologicalExploration :en "archaeological exploration" ; a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ArchaeologicalExploration'' is an ''ExplorationSearch'' in which an ''Archaeologist'' searches for objects such as artifacts or trace remains of earlier human activities or settlements This often includes or consists of ''ArcheologicalDigging''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplorationSearch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Archaeologist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArchaeologicalDigging ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArchaeologicalSite ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exploratory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ArchaeologicalSite :wnsense "archeological site1n", "dig1n", "excavation2n" ; :wordnet "archeological site", "dig", "excavation" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArchaeologicalSite'' is the location where some ''ArchaeologicalExploration'' occurs or has occurred. Places where there are remains of ancient peoples are not an ''ArchaeologicalSite'' unless they has been or are being explored. The kinds of objects that may be located at an ''ArchaeologicalSite'' are too diverse to specify - in fact, there may be none if the site was identified in error. This is a land site, and does not include underwater locations of archaeologically intersting objects, though an archaeological land site that incudes adjacent underwater remains is included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archeological site' in WordNet: 1. dig, excavation, archeological site - (the site of an archeological exploration; 'they set up camp next to the dig') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea, :LandArea, :SiteOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArchaeologicalExploration ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :Archaeologist :guid "beb8d5ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "archaeologist1n", "archeologist1n" ; :wordnet "archaeologist", "archeologist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archaeologist' in WordNet: 1. (1) archeologist, archaeologist - (an anthropologist who studies prehistoric people and their culture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anthropologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Archaeology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Archaeology :wnsense "archaeology1n", "archeology1n" ; :wordnet "archaeology", "archeology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Archaeology'' is the branch of ''Anthropology'' concerned with how prehistoric societies have formed and changed, and their properties, especially how the people lived and their social organization and technology. Lots of interesting data are obtained by digging into the ground where prehistoric settlements had been, and finding artifacts made by the residents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archaeology' in WordNet: 1. archeology, archaeology - (the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anthropology . :Archbishop :guid "bde3cd7d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "archbishop1n" ; :wordnet "archbishop" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Archbishop'' is of higher rank than a bishop (''Bishop-Clerical'') and in catholicism may be the leader of an 'archdiocese' (group of dioceses) whereas a ''Bishop-Clerical'' may lead one diocese. Either rank may have other functions. In catholicism, this rank is just below that of a 'Cardinal'. CYC: The collection of all archbishops: #$Clerics, usually male, who are high-ranking religious and administrative leaders of hierarchically-organized churches such as the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Anglican churches. Archbishops outrank (mere) bishops and abbots. Technically, every #$Archbishop is also a #$Bishop-Clerical or abbot, and hence a #$Priest or #$Monk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archbishop' in WordNet: 1. (5) archbishop - (a bishop of highest rank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bishop-Clerical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArchDiocese ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :Archer :wnsense "archer1n", "bowman1n" ; :wordnet "archer", "bowman" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Archer'' is An athlete who characteristically performs ''ShootingAnArrow''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archer' in WordNet: 1. archer, bowman - (a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShootingAnArrow ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Archery :wnsense "archery1n" ; :wordnet "archery" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Archery'' is the ''Sport'' whose execution is ''ShootingAnArrow''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archery' in WordNet: 1. archery - (the sport of shooting arrows with a bow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShootingAnArrow ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShootingTarget ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Archipelago :en "island group" ; :guid "bd58fbfd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "archipelago1n" ; :wordnet "archipelago" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Archipelago'' is a Group of islands in a large body of Water. CYC: A collection of topographical features. Each element of #$Archipelago is a group of islands that form a geographical cluster. Examples: #$Ionia, #$InnerHebrides-Archipelago, #$SocietyIslands-FrenchPolynesia, #$ChannelIslands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archipelago' in WordNet: 1. archipelago - (a group of many islands in a large body of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Island ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Architect :guid "c10c45db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "architect1n" ; :wordnet "architect" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'Architect' creates plans for ''Structures'', and not for other things (metaphorical usage not included). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'architect' in WordNet: 1. (9) architect, designer - (someone who creates plans to be used in making something (such as buildings)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Graduate, :HumanRole, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Architecture ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DesignForaStructure ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :Architectural :pertainsTo :Architecture ; :wnsense "architectural1adj" ; :wordnet "architectural" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Architectural'' is an attribute of things belonging to or characteristic of''Architecture'' and to the structre and design of buidings and other structures Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'architectural' in Wordnet: 1. (4) architectural - (of or pertaining to the art and science of architecture; 'architectural history'; 'architectural design') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ArchitecturalDrawing a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Picture (a SheetLike PhysicalObject) that is composed of lines rather than brush strokes, as in a Painting, or an imaged Scene, as in a Photograph. A 'Drawing' may be quite complex, almost as complex as a painting, but must consist only of lines without any filled-in areas. The number of Lines can be as few as one. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'line drawing' in WordNet: 1. delineation, depiction, limning, line drawing - (a drawing of the outlines of forms or objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drawing-Depiction, :MechanicalDrawing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArchitecturalPlan ] . :ArchitecturalNiche :wnsense "niche3n", "recess14n" ; :wordnet "niche", "recess" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArchitecturalNiche'' is a space in the wall of a structure that is indented, tpyically intended to hold some Object to give it some prominence. The object contained is often a statue. The side of the ''Wall'' may be interior or exterior. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'niche' in WordNet: 3. (1) recess, niche - (an enclosure that is set back or indented) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enclosure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wall ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :ArchitecturalPlan :wnsense "architectural plan1n", "plan3n" ; :wordnet "architectural plan", "plan" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ArchitecturalPlan'' is a ''DesignForaStructure'' that is an ''AbstractImage'' intended to be used as a guide to how to build the structure and is represented in a ''ArchitecturalDrawing'' of some part of ''Structure'' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'architectural plan' and noun sense 3 of 'plan' in WordNet: 1. plan, architectural plan - (scale drawing of a structure; 'the plans for City Hall were on file') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, :DesignForaStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArchitecturalDrawing ] . :Architecture :wnsense "architecture2n" ; :wordnet "architecture" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Architecture'' in COSMO is considered as a subtype of ''Engineering'' in which the useful things designed are ''Structure''s. NOte: this is not an ''Occupation'': Occupation is an Action and this is a subtype of the disjoint ''Object''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'architecture' in WordNet: 2. (1) architecture - (the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings; 'architecture and eloquence are mixed arts whose end is sometimes beauty and sometimes use') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Art, :Engineering . :Archive :wnsense "archive1n" ; :wordnet "archive" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Archive'' is a ''Repository'' for keeping historical records. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archive' in WordNet: 1. archive - (a depository containing historical records and documents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Repository . :Archiving :wnsense "archive1v", "file away2v" ; :wordnet "archive", "file away" ; a :ActionType, :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'archive' in WordNet: 1. archive, file away - (put into an archive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FilingaDocument, :InformationGathering, :Organizing, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Archive ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Archivist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Archivist :wnsense "archivist1n" ; :wordnet "archivist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Archivist'' is a Person who maintains an ''Archive'' with records of one or more Topics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'archivist' in WordNet: 1. archivist - (a person in charge of collecting and cataloguing archives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collector, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Archiving ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :collects ; owl:someValuesFrom :Archive ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Archive ; owl:onProperty :organizesTopic ] . :Arctic :en "Arctic" ; :enadj "Arctic" ; :pertainsTo :ArcticZone ; :wnsense "arctic2adj" ; :wordnet "arctic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'arctic' in Wordnet: 2. arctic - (of or relating to the Arctic; \"Arctic circle\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ArcticCircle :hasLatitude :North23 ; :wnsense "Arctic Circle1n" ; :wordnet "Arctic Circle" ; a :LineOfLatitude ; rdfs:comment """\"N_2\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Arctic Circle' in WordNet: 1. (1) Arctic Circle - (a line of latitude near but south of the north pole; it marks the northernmost point at which the sun is visible on the northern winter solstice and the southernmost point at which the midnight sun can be seen on the northern summer solstice) """ . :ArcticZone :wnsense "Arctic Zone1n", "Arctic1n", "North Frigid Zone1n" ; :wordnet "Arctic", "Arctic Zone", "North Frigid Zone" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''ArcticZone'' is a ''GeographicalArea'' at and near the NorthPole.. NOTE: this could be an instance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Arctic Zone' in WordNet: 1. (2) Arctic, Arctic Zone, North Frigid Zone - (the regions north of the Arctic Circle centered on the North Pole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LatitudinalZone . :Ardor :wnsense "ardor2n", "ardour2n" ; :wordnet "ardor", "ardour" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ardor' in WordNet: 2. ardor, ardour - (intense feeling of love) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Love, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Love ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :Arduous :en "hard-knock" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Effortful ; :isTheOppositeOf :EasyToDo ; :wnsense "arduous1adj", "backbreaking1adj", "grueling1adj", "gruelling1adj", "hard1adj", "hard5adj", "heavy1adj", "laborious1adj", "punishing2adj", "rugged4adj", "toilsome1adj", "tough2adj" ; :wordnet "arduous", "backbreaking", "grueling", "gruelling", "hard", "heavy", "laborious", "punishing", "rugged", "toilsome", "tough" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arduous'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that require prolonged physical effort requiring more than a little exertion. RHW 'hard-knock': hard-knock, adj.: beset with hardship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arduous' and sense 2 of 'tough' in WordNet: 1. (1) arduous, backbreaking, grueling, gruelling, hard, heavy, laborious, operose, punishing, toilsome - (characterized by toilsome effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort; 'worked their arduous way up the mining valley'; 'a grueling campaign'; 'hard labor'; 'heavy work'; 'heavy going'; 'spent many laborious hours on the project'; 'set a punishing pace') WN adj 'tough': 2. (5) rugged, tough - (very difficult; severely testing stamina or resolution; 'a rugged competitive examination'; 'the rugged conditions of frontier life'; 'the competition was tough'; 'it's a tough life'; 'it was a tough job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effortful . :Area :guid "bd58c301-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "area" ; :takesValue :AreaMeasure ; :wnsense "area6n", "expanse2n", "surface area1n" ; :wordnet "area", "expanse", "surface area" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the Cyc term 'Area' is the same concept as 'AreaMeasure', an AttributeValue in COSMO. The term 'Area' in COSMO is an AttributeType, not an AttributeValue. This allows an assertion such as {Lot25 has Area {10000 squareFeet}}. A specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of #$Area is an amount of two-dimensional space. Instances of #$Area may be either a fixed interval, such as the area of a rectangle 5 cm x 10 cm, or a range, such as the area of a city lot. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'area' in WordNet: 6. (26) area, expanse, surface area - (the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary; 'the area of a rectangle'; 'it was about 500 square feet in area') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute, :Size . :AreaMeasure :ldoce "area" ; :wnsense "area6n" ; :wordnet "area" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Measures of the amount of space in two dimensions. Corresponds to part of noun sense 6 of 'area' in WordNet: 6. (26) area, expanse, surface area - (the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary; 'the area of a rectangle'; 'it was about 500 square feet in area') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :Arf :en "arf" ; :isEmittedBy :Dog ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'arfing' sound made by a dog. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarkingSound . :Argentina :wnsense "Argentina1n" ; :wordnet "Argentina" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Argentina' in WordNet: 1. Argentina, Argentine Republic - (a republic in southern South America; second largest country in South America) """ . :Argentine :pertainsTo :Argentina, :Argentinian ; :wnsense "Argentine1adj", "Argentinian1adj" ; :wordnet "Argentine", "Argentinian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Argentine' in Wordnet: 1. Argentine, Argentinian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Argentina or its people; 'Argentinian tango') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Argentinian :wnsense "Argentinian1n" ; :wordnet "Argentinian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Argentinian' in WordNet: 1. Argentinian - (a native or inhabitant of Argentina) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Argentina ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Argh :en "argh" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A suddenly emitted phrase that suggests someform of frustration. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :Argon :guid "bd58831e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "18"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ar1n", "argon1n" ; :wordnet "Ar", "argon" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element with two protons in each nucleus. At STP it exists as a 'Gas'' and is present in the ''EarthsAtmosphere''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'argon' in WordNet: 1. (7) argon, Ar, atomic number 18 - (a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Gas, :NonMetal . :Argon_1percent :isaFractionalComponentOf :Air ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Argon at 1% weight fraction (in some mixture). This has been reified becase it is the fraction of ''Argon'' in EarthsAtmosphere. Note that the percentage of other constituents is not specified. To specify a full range of compositional values in some mixture, one can indicate each 'FractionalComponentSubstance' individually. NOTE that because substances are Classes, the relation 'isaFractionalComponentOf' has to be on the Class itself, and the 'restriction' does not carry any meaning other than as documentation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Argon, :FractionalComponentSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :isaFractionalComponentOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.01"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :isWeightFraction ] . :Arguably :wnsense "arguably1adv" ; :wordnet "arguably" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arguably'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Attribute and asserts that the folowing attribute-attributed phrase can be show to be true of the subject of the sentence. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arguably' in WordNet: 1. arguably - (as can be shown by argument; \"she is arguably the best\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :ArguingAgainstSomething :ldoce "argue" ; :wnsense "argue1v", "argue3v" ; :wordnet "argue" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ArguingAgainstSomething'' is an AssertingEvent in which some agent presents facts or a logical line or reasoning that s/he considers evidence *against* the truth of some Proposition, which can be the acceptance of some proposal for action (e.g. business or governental action). The Proposition that is believed to be opposed by the argument is pointed to by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity'. This has much the same meaning as ''ArguingInFavorOfSomething'' but has a different 'feel' from arguments pro. Logically, this could be made a subtype of ''ArguingInFavorOfSomething'' I.e., arguing *for* the opposite) but that would not capture the difference between an arguent pro and an argument con. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'argue' in WordNet: 1. (34) argue, reason - (present reasons and arguments) 3. argue, indicate - (give evidence of; 'The evidence argues for your claim'; 'The results indicate the need for more work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proposition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArgumentCon ] . :ArguingInFavorOfSomething :ldoce "argue" ; :wnsense "argue1v", "argue3v" ; :wordnet "argue" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ArguingInFavorOfSomething' is an AssertingEvent in which some agent presents facts or a logical line or reasoning that s/he considers evidence in favor of the truth of some Proposition. The Proposition that is believed to be supported by the argument is pointed to by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity'. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'argue' in WordNet: 1. (34) argue, reason - (present reasons and arguments) 3. argue, indicate - (give evidence of; 'The evidence argues for your claim'; 'The results indicate the need for more work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proposition ] . :Argument :ldoce "argument", "case" ; :wnsense "argument1n", "case6n" ; :wordnet "argument", "case" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: An Argument in COSMO is an Assertion or Group of Assertions that the speaker believes provides a justification for believing some fact(s). This Type is represented as an Assertion (a subtype of Proposition). In ordinary linguistic use the word 'argument' often refers to the linguistic phrases used, but since in COSMO every logical 'Argument' implies a linguistic representation, these two aspects (propositional content and linguistic representation of the content) can be considered as alternative views that can be interchangeably used in many circumstances. It is hard to disentangle the two forms in this case, but @ToDo - this should be done. Using both Assertion (meanings) and ConceptualWork (representation) allows relating an 'Argument' to 'Reasoning' as its symbolic representation: an Argument is the AbstractSymbolicrepresentation of a Reasoning Event. In the restriction below, the Reasoning Event is an existentially required instance - this means that when representing an Argument, it is necessary to specify when and by whom it was created. See also related 'Reasoning','Justifying', 'Justification'. An additional nuance for 'Argument' is that it is always directed at an audience of one or more listeners (the audience can be the speaker). Therefore the linguistic representation of an Argument is an instance of a Communication. SUMO: Any proposition which has the form of a deductive or inductive argument, i.e. a set of premises which, it is claimed, imply a conclusion. The sense of 'point' used in arguing would not occure with that word in isolation, but in the phrase 'make a point' or 'get a point across', so the word 'point' is not a label for this type. (see 'ArguingInFavorOfSomething') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'argument' and sense 6 of 'case' in WordNet: 1. (23) argument, statement - (a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true; 'it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true') WN noun ;case': 6. (84) case - (a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument; 'he stated his case clearly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, :PropositionalConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reasoning ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :ArgumentCon :en "argument against", "argument in opposition" ; :wnsense "con1n" ; :wordnet "con" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArgumentCon'' is an argument against some course of action. 'we discused the pros and cons' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'con' in WordNet: 1. (1) con - (an argument opposed to a proposal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Argument, :Conclusion, :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :supportsProposition ; owl:someValuesFrom :Belief ] . :ArgumentPro :en "argument in favor" ; :wnsense "pro2n" ; :wordnet "pro" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArgumentPro'' is an argument in favor of some course of action. 'we discused the pros and cons' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pro' in WordNet: 2. pro - (an argument in favor of a proposal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Argument, :Conclusion, :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GoalSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :supportsProposition ; owl:someValuesFrom :Belief ] . :Aria :wnsense "aria1n" ; :wordnet "aria" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Aria'' is a solo mostly associated with Opera.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aria' in WordNet: 1. aria - (an elaborate song for solo voice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Song . :Arid :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Rain ; :wnsense "arid1adj" ; :wordnet "arid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a persistent weather pattern with so little ''Rain'' that the land has little vegetation that depends on moist soil. To be 'arid' does not necessarily require that a region has no clouds, but if so the clouds produce little rain. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arid' in WordNet: 1. arid, waterless - (lacking sufficient water or rainfall; 'an arid climate'; 'a waterless well'; 'miles of waterless country to cross') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeatherAttributeValue . :Aril :guid "bd58f0f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aril1n" ; :wordnet "aril" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An outgrowth of the funiculus which some seeds have. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aril' in WordNet: 1. aril - (fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelopes the seed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantPart . :Arising :en "come into existence", "coming into existence", "pop up", "take form", "take on form", "take shape" ; :wnsense "arise1v", "arise2v", "bob up1v", "come forth2v", "come up1v", "crop up1v", "develop5v", "emerge3v", "emerge4v", "emerge5v", "emergence1n", "grow6v", "originate1v", "outgrowth2n", "rise7v", "spring up1v", "uprise1v" ; :wordnet "arise", "bob up", "come forth", "come up", "crop up", "develop", "emerge", "emergence", "grow", "originate", "outgrowth", "rise", "spring up", "uprise" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Arising'' is a very broad class of Events in which something - a situation or PhysicalObject or idea or tradition or society which did not previously exist **comes into existence**. 'emerging nations' 'emerging ideas' 'arising from the ashes'. This typically is caused by physical changes in some Object, Location or Situation that may be caused or assisted by an emergency, an opportunity, a riot, a stench, a cloud, anything that can come into existence **seemingly** on its own, or, in the subtype ''Development', caused by some ''DevelopingSomething'' Action. This can also be used for unnatural or supernatural or magical or miraculous appearances. For things that come into existence unexpectedly or without being planned, use the subtype ''Materializing''. NOTE: things coming into existence by a Action of an agent are represented as ''Creation'' or ''DevelopingSomething''. Already existing things coming into sight are represented as ''AppearingEvent''. things not prevously existing that come into existence seemingly spontaneously or by the uncoordinated actions of multiple agents are represented as 'Arising'', and when something arises by a gradual or stepwise process, that is represented by Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'arise' and noun sense 1 of 'emergence' (not necessarily gradal, as the gloss suggests) in WordNet: 1. (29) originate, arise, rise, develop, uprise, spring up, grow - (come into existence; take on form or shape; 'A new religious movement originated in that country'; 'a love that sprang up from friendship'; 'the idea for the book grew out of a short story'; 'An interesting phenomenon uprose') 2. (9) arise, come up, bob up - (originate or come into being; 'a question arose') WN verb 'emerge': 3. (5) emerge - (become known or apparent; 'Some nice results emerged from the study') 4. (3) emerge - (come up to the surface of or rise; 'He felt new emotions emerge') 5. come forth, emerge - (happen or occur as a result of something) WN noun 'emergence' 1. (1) emergence, outgrowth, growth - (the gradual beginning or coming forth; 'figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :BeginningOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Existing ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nonexistent ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeBefore ] . :Aristocratic :ldoce "noble" ; :wnsense "aristocratic1adj", "noble2adj" ; :wordnet "aristocratic", "noble" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Aristocratic' expresses the attribute of being a member of a hereditary nobility or of some high level of 'aristocracy' in a stratified social environment. This is not an attribute describing behavior. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'artistocratic' and includes sense 2 of 'noble' in WordNet: WN 'aristocratic': 1. (1) aristocratic, aristocratical, blue, blue-blooded, gentle, patrician - (belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy; 'an aristocratic family'; 'aristocratic Bostonians'; 'aristocratic government'; 'a blue family'; 'blue blood'; 'the blue-blooded aristocracy'; 'of gentle blood'; 'patrician landholders of the American South'; 'aristocratic bearing'; 'aristocratic features'; 'patrician tastes') WN 'noble' 2. (2) noble - (of or belonging to or constituting the hereditary aristocracy especially as derived from feudal times; 'of noble birth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Arithmetic :wnsense "arithmetic1n" ; :wordnet "arithmetic" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arithmetic'' is a simple branch of ''Mathematics''concerning itself with operations between numbers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arithmetic' in WordNet: 1. (4) arithmetic - (the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Methodology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DoingAddition ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mathematics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :ArityGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ArityGroup' is A Group created as a work-around for relations that should be multiple-arity, but need to be represented as binary relations in OWL. The 'ArityGroup' will have relations to various entities that represent the third and higher facets of the relation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group . :Ark :wnsense "ark2n" ; :wordnet "ark" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is primarily motivated by Noah's 'ark', and could be an instance of ''Boat'' but is made a class to include other possible 'arks'. If it is an instance, it would be: (wasCreatedBy Noah) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ark' in Wordnet: 2. ark - (a boat built by Noah to save his family and animals from the flood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boat, :Watercraft-Surface . :ArkOfTheCovenant :en "Ark of the Covenant" ; :hasMassInGrams "50000"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :Hebrews ; :wnsense "Ark1n" ; :wordnet "Ark" ; a :Chest-Box ; rdfs:comment """Nominally owned by the Hebrews, though its present existence is not known . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ark' in Wordnet: 1. Ark, Ark of the Covenant - ((Judaism) sacred chest where the ancient Hebrews kept the two tablets containing the Ten Commandments) """ . :ArkansasRiver :guid "bd58def2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the Principal World Rivers" . :Arm :guid "bd58e9e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "arm" ; :wnsense "arm1n" ; :wordnet "arm" ; a :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all animal arms. An #$Arm of an animal is one of its #$AnimalBodyParts, more particularly one of its appendages, a limb which it uses for manipulation moreso than for locomotion. A #$Hand is considered part of an #$Arm. For both arms at the same time use ''BothArms''. For weapons 'arms' see 'Arms'. SUMO: The upper Limbs of a Primate. NOTE: Wordnet seems to restrict this to human arms, but this COSMO type is for an arm of any primate, or any other extraterrestrial that might have analogous grasping appendages. The tentacles of an Octopus or animal limbs other than primate arms are not included. Corresponds closely to but is broader than to noun sense 1 of 'arm' in WordNet: 1. (563) arm - (a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HolderGripper, :Limb-AnimalBodyPart . :ArmBone :guid "c0a4d7a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arm bone1n" ; :wordnet "arm bone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arm bone' in WordNet: 1. arm bone - (a bone in the arm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :ArmMovement :guid "bd58a69d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BodyMovementEvent. Each instance of #$ArmMovement is a movement of an animal's arm, where the movement in question is generated by the animal, and involves movement of the upper arm or elbow in relation to the animal's body. Specializations of #$ArmMovement include #$RaisingAnArm and #$Reaching.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent . :ArmRest :wnsense "armrest1n" ; :wordnet "armrest" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ArmRest'' is one of usually two raised parts on the side of a ''SeatingDevice'' that allows the sitter to rest the arms more comfortably. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'armrest' in WordNet: 1. armrest - (a support for the arm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePart, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SeatingDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :Armadillo :wnsense "armadillo1n" ; :wordnet "armadillo" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN entry 'Edentate'. a 'little armored one' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'armadillo' in WordNet: 1. (2) armadillo - (burrowing chiefly nocturnal mammal with body covered with strong horny plates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Edentate . :Armchair :guid "bd58a2d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "armchair1n" ; :wordnet "armchair" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Armchair'' is a ''Chair'' having two armrests, one one each side of the seat, on which a Person can rest the arms while sitting. CYC: A comfortable chair with cushions Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'armchair' in WordNet: 1. (3) armchair - (chair with a support on each side for arms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArmRest ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ] . :Armed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AcquiringWeapons ; :wnsense "armed1adj" ; :wordnet "armed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Armed'' is the attribute of an Agent that has acquired one or more 'Weapon''s in a ''AcquiringWeapons'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'armed' in WordNet: 1. (10) armed - ((used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms; 'armed robbery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Armenia :wnsense "Armenia1n" ; :wordnet "Armenia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Armenia' in WordNet: 1. Armenia, Republic of Armenia, Hayastan - (a landlocked republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian soviet; modern Armenia is but a fragment of ancient Armenia which was one of the world's oldest civilizations; throughout 2500 years the Armenian people have been invaded and oppressed by their neighbors) """ . :Armor :guid "bd71dcb9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "armor" ; :wnsense "armor1n" ; :wordnet "armor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO, 'Armor' is one or more pieces of armor designed to protect a person or object. In Cyc 'Armor' is more like a substance, and the usage here differs somewhat from Cyc, but 'Armor' in COSMO is still very general, and can be small things such as the armored vests that are worn by police or soldiers, or the built-in armor plate of a tank or war vessel, or armoring around a facility such as a ground bunker. A borderline case of 'armor' is a 'Shield' carried on the arm for defense. Cyc: #$Armor is generically something used to protect an object from damage. There are many kinds of armor and they protect the objects they are attached to to various degrees and from various deleterious effects. Armor can be both intrinsic in an object (as with #$Tank-Vehicle or #$Beetle) or added on to an object (as with #$ReactiveArmor modules.) Includes but is broader than sense 1 and 3 of 'armor' in WordNet - body armor does not seem to be represented there. in WordNet: 1. (2) armor, armour - (protective covering made of metal and used in combat) 3. armor, armour - (tough more-or-less rigid protective covering of an animal or plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Covering-Object, :DefenseSystem, :DryObject . :Armored :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtifactObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Armor ; :wnsense "armored1adj", "armored3adj", "armoured2adj", "panoplied1adj" ; :wordnet "armored", "armoured", "panoplied" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Armored'' is the attribute of an Object that has some ''Armor'' covering some part of its surface for protection against objects that could penetrate and damage it. This can be applied to people or other objects such as vehicles, notably military tanks and ships. Includes adjective senses and 3 1 of 'armored' in Wordnet: 1. (2) armored, armoured - (protected by armor (used of persons or things military)) 3. armored, panoplied - (equipped with the complete arms and armor of a warrior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ArmoredCar :guid "bf4a941b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "armored car1n", "armored car2n", "armoured car1n", "armoured car2n" ; :wordnet "armored car", "armoured car" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$ArmoredVehicles which have #$Automobile bodies (i.e. are 'cars'). These vehicles are often used to transport important or high-profile people through areas where they may be in danger of attack. They may also be used to transport valuables such as cash or jewels. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'armored car' in WordNet: 1. armored car, armoured car - (an armor-plated truck with strong doors and locks used to transport money or valuables; 'the paintings were delivered to the museum in an air-conditioned armored car') 2. armored car, armoured car - (a military combat vehicle on wheels with light armor (and usually a machine gun)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmoredVehicle-Light, :RoadVehicle . :ArmoredVehicle :guid "c035f13f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "armored vehicle1n", "armoured vehicle1n" ; :wordnet "armored vehicle", "armoured vehicle" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$ArmoredVehicle is a specialization of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle and #$LandTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$ArmoredVehicle is a land vehicle protected by armor. This collection includes both tracked and wheeled vehicles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'armored vehicle' in WordNet: 1. armored vehicle, armoured vehicle - (a vehicle that is protected by armor plate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanSizedObject, :LandTransportationVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Armor ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Armored ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ArmoredVehicle-Heavy :guid "be964416-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$ArmoredVehicle-Heavy is a specialization of #$ArmoredVehicle and #$MilitaryVehicle. Each instance of #$ArmoredVehicle-Heavy is designed to sustain tank, artillery, and small-arm fire while engaging in combat. The light-armored vehicles, on the other hand, only sustain small-arm fire and shrapnel. This collection is disjoint with #$ArmoredVehicle-Light.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmoredVehicle, :MilitaryVehicle . :ArmoredVehicle-Light :en "light armored vehicle" ; :enn "light armored vehicle" ; :guid "bf9818c2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of vehicles that have enough armor to protect against bullets but are not comparable to a tank or something heavliy protected. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmoredVehicle . :ArmoredVest :guid "bdb2a870-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "armor" ; :wnsense "armor1n" ; :wordnet "armor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO, 'Armor' is one or more pieces of armor designed to protect a person or object. In Cyc 'Armor' is more like a substance, and the usage here differs somewhat from Cyc, but 'Armor' in COSMO is still very general, and can be small things such as the armored vests that are worn by police or soldiers, or the built-in armor plate of a tank or war vessel, or armoring around a facility such as a ground bunker. In Cyc called 'Vest-Bulletproof' Cyc: The collection of #$Vests that are reinforced so as to afford protection for the wearer against being shot by a gun. Includes but is broader than *part* of noun sense 1 of 'armor' in WordNet: 1. (2) armor, armour - (protective covering made of metal and used in combat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Armor, :Vest . :Armpit :guid "bd58a759-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "armpit1n", "axilla1n", "axillary cavity1n", "axillary fossa1n" ; :wordnet "armpit", "axilla", "axillary cavity", "axillary fossa" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: The area under where the arm meets the torso; opposite of shoulder on the arm Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'armpit' in WordNet: 1. (2) armpit, axilla, axillary cavity, axillary fossa - (the hollow under the arm where it is joined to the shoulder; 'they were up to their armpits in water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :BodyCavity, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoulder ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Arms :en "military grade weapon", "military weapon" ; :ldoce "arms" ; :wnsense "armament1n", "arms1n", "implements of war1n", "munition1n", "weaponry1n", "weapons system1n" ; :wordnet "armament", "arms", "implements of war", "munition", "weaponry", "weapons system" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A collective term for weapons (including ammunition), not specific as to type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arms' in WordNet: 1. (11) weaponry, arms, implements of war, weapons system, munition - (weapons considered collectively) WN noun 'armament': 1. (1) armament - (weaponry used by military or naval force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Weapon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Army :guid "bf6e8301-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "army" ; :wnsense "army1n" ; :wordnet "army" ; a :MilitaryOrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc called 'Army-BranchOfService'. This is the army of any country, or of a large organized rebellion contending to be the government of a country. As in Cyc, this is the whole army, not one unit such as 'The Fourth Army' which is part of a larger army or army group. The collection of all modern nation-states' armies (i.e. the whole branch of service). This sense of 'army' is different from that of 'Army' or 'Army Group' as sometimes applied to certain military units, e.g. the American 5th Army in the European Theater in WWII. Use #$Army-MilitaryEchelon for the latter meaning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'army' in WordNet: 1. (61) army, regular army, ground forces - (a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BranchOfMilitaryService . :ArmyCaptain :ldoce "captain" ; :wnsense "captain1n" ; :wordnet "captain" ; a :PersonType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArmyCaptain'' is a Person with the rank of 'Captain' serving in the US army. This is for an Army rank; the Navy Captain' has a higher level of command responsibility. in WordNet: 1. (16) captain - (an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Captain . :ArmyDivision :guid "30d9c200-3b7a-11d6-8000-00a0c9efa845" ; :ldoce "division" ; :wnsense "division1n" ; :wordnet "division" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type of 'Division' is specifically for the Army. Called in CYC 'Division-MilitaryEchelon' Cyc: The attribute of being a military division within a military echelon structure. In the USA, a military unit with the status of #$Corps-UnitDesignation is typically composed of three or more units with the status of #$Division-UnitDesignation, and a unit with the status of #$Division-UnitDesignation is typically composed of nine or more units with the status of #$Battalion-UnitDesignation. See also #$Brigade-UnitDesignation and #$Regiment-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'division' in WordNet: 1. (10) division - (an army unit large enough to sustain combat; 'two infantry divisions were held in reserve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Division-Military, :ModernMilitaryOrganization . :ArmySquad :en "army squad" ; :enn "army squad" ; :guid "079ba1ce-3b7a-11d6-8000-00a0c9efa845" ; :wnsense "squad1n" ; :wordnet "squad" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ In CYC 'Squad-MilitaryEchelon': The attribute of being a military squad within a military echelon structure. In the USA, a military unit with the status of #$Platoon-UnitDesignation is typically composed of two or more units with the status of #$Squad-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squad' in WordNet: 1. (8) squad - (a smallest army unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmyUnit, :ModernMilitaryOrganization . :ArmyUnit :wnsense "army unit1n" ; :wordnet "army unit" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArmyUnit'' is a ''MilitaryUnit'' in the Army. This is for the US army, other countries may have similar or different designations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'army unit' in WordNet: 1. army unit - (a military unit that is part of an army) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryUnit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Army ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ] . :ArnoldSchwarzenegger :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; :holdsInTimeInterval :Years_2003-2011 ; :isEmployedBy :StateOfCalifornia ; :isKnowledgeableAbout :Politics ; :isTheLeaderOf :StateOfCalifornia ; :isaComponentElementOf :USStateGovernors ; :roleIsAssumedInEvent :CaliforniaRecallElection2003, :ElectingArnold ; :wasSelectedInEvent :CaliforniaRecallElection2003 ; a :USStateGovernor . :AromaticCompound :wnsense "aromatic compound1n" ; :wordnet "aromatic compound" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AliphaticCompound'' is an OrganicCompound that has some 'aromatic' ring structures. RHW: 'aromatic compound': an organic compound that contains one or more benzene or equivalent heterocyclic rings: many such compounds have an agreeable odor. NOTE:in WN this is a subtype of ''Hdrocarbon', but being aromatic' does not preclude having atoms other than Carbon and Hydrogen - compounds with Nitrogen and Oxygen are common, and other elements can be included. THe RHW definition includes 'heterocyclic' rings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aromatic compound' in WordNet: 1. aromatic compound - (a hydrocarbon containing one or more benzene rings that are characteristic of the benzene series of compounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound . :Around :ldoce "around" ; :wnsense "around1adv", "around2adv", "around3adv", "around4adv" ; :wordnet "around" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """This type is a placeholder for multiple senses of the preposition and adverb 'around'. THe sense meaning 'arroximately' is not included. WN adverb 'around': in WordNet: 1. (26) about, around - (in the area or vicinity; 'a few spectators standing about'; 'hanging around'; 'waited around for the next flight') 2. (13) around - (by a circular or circuitous route; 'He came all the way around the base'; 'the road goes around the pond') 3. (12) about, around - (to or among many different places or in no particular direction; 'wandering about with no place to go'; 'people were rushing about'; 'news gets around (or about)'; 'traveled around in Asia'; 'he needs advice from someone who's been around'; 'she sleeps around') 4. (6) around - (in a circle or circular motion; 'The wheels are spinning around') """ . :Aroused :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :EmotionalState ; :wnsense "aroused6adj", "emotional5adj", "excited2adj", "worked up1adj" ; :wordnet "aroused", "emotional", "excited", "worked up" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Aroused''is the attribute of someone who is in an EmotionalState that is not calm, but has some issue (real or imagined) causing concern. Corresponds to sense 6 of 'aroused' in WordNet: 2. (4) aroused, emotional, excited, worked up - ((of persons) excessively affected by emotion; 'he would become emotional over nothing at all'; 'she was worked up about all the noise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :ArousingAnEmotion :wnsense "arouse1v", "elicit1v", "enkindle2v", "evoke1v", "fire7v", "kindle3v", "raise10v" ; :wordnet "arouse", "elicit", "enkindle", "evoke", "fire", "kindle", "raise" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ArousingAnEmotion is an Event in which some emotion of a Person is evoked or increased. For a more intense stimulation of Feelings use subtype ''Stimulate''. NOTE: ''ArousingAnEmotion'' has a subtype of ''EvokingaMemory - although the process of remembering something is not usally thought of as an ''Emotion'' memories often have emotions andFeelings as components. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'arouse' in WordNet, however this sense is for arousing emotions only, not actions. in WordNet: 1. (14) arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, evoke, fire, raise, provoke - (call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); 'arouse pity'; 'raise a smile'; 'evoke sympathy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :StimulatingaPersonToAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :FeelingType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :EmotionalState ] . :Arranged :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Arranging ; :wnsense "arranged1adj", "ordered3adj" ; :wordnet "arranged", "ordered" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arranged'' is the AttributeValue of some Objects (Physical or Abstract) or Events that have been ''Ordered'' in some manner by an Agent. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arranged' in WordNet: 1. (3) arranged, ordered - (disposed or placed in a particular kind of order; 'the carefully arranged chessmen'; 'haphazardly arranged interlobular septa'; 'comfortable chairs arranged around the fireplace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ordered . :Arrangement :ldoce "arrangement" ; :wnsense "arrangement2n" ; :wordnet "arrangement" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Arrangement' is an OrderedGroup of PhysicalObjects resulting from an ''Arranging'' action.. NOTE: the PhysicalObjects could be any kind: separate solid objects on a surface or in a container; the parts of a device that fit together; the pieces of text and graphics on a page of a PhysicalDocument. This is only one of several senses of 'arrangement' in English, and corresponds to sense 5 in the Random House Webster: '5. something arranged in a particular way: a floral arrangement; the arrangement of chairs for the seminar.' The abstract representation of an ''Arrangement'' created by an intentional ''Designing'' process would be a ''Layout''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'arrangement' in WordNet: 2. (4) arrangement - (an orderly grouping (of things or persons) considered as a unit; the result of arranging; 'a flower arrangement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :OrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Layout ; owl:onProperty :hasRepresentation ] . :ArrangementOfLikeObjects :guid "bd58fbdd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of groups of #$PhysicalObjects. Each instance of #$ArrangementOfLikeObjects is a group of partially tangible objects, all of the same type (see #$arrangementObjectTypes and #$arrangementNearestObjectTypes), having a specified set of spatial relations holding among them (see #$arrangementPredicates and #$arrangementNearestPredicates). See also #$Group.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PhysicalObject . :Arranging :wnsense "array1v", "lay out1v", "range5v", "set out2v" ; :wordnet "array", "lay out", "range", "set out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arranging'' is a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' that creates an ''Arrangement''. This is mostly for ''Object''s (Physical or Abstract) being put into some kind of order; but the subtype ''SpacingThingsOut'' includes 'spacing' a sequence of Events so that there is a TimeInterval between subsequent events. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'arrange' in WordNet: 1. (14) arrange, set up - (put into a proper or systematic order; 'arrange the books on the shelves in chronological order') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Arrangement ] . :Array :wnsense "array1n" ; :wordnet "array" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Array'' is an '''OrderedGroup'' of objects (abstract or physical) that has some one-or two-dimensional Ordering describable in geometric terms (not necessarily created by an IntelligentAgent. For an array of PhysicalObjects use ''PhysicalArray''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'array' in WordNet: 1. (4) array - (an orderly arrangement; 'an array of troops in battle order') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneOrTwoDimensional ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Arraying :wnsense "array1v", "lay out1v", "range5v", "set out2v" ; :wordnet "array", "lay out", "range", "set out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arraying'' is an ''Arranging'' that creates an ''Array'', i.e. a one or two-dimensional ''Arrangement''. This is for Physical objects being put ito an array (of any dimensionality). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'array' in WordNet: 1. (1) range, array, lay out, set out - (lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line; 'lay out the clothes'; 'lay out the arguments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arranging, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalArray ] . :Arrested :en "in custody", "in jail", "under arrest" ; :ened "arrested", "detained", "imprisoned", "jailed" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Prisoner ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Arresting ; :isTheOppositeOf :Free ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arrested'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who has been arrested and is still in custody (has not been released nor escaped). The synonym 'imprisoned' may not be exactly identical in meaning, but to be 'Arrested'' in this sense one must be in some kind of jail or detainment facility, even if only the police station More specific subtypes (e.g. 'in a high-security prison') can be created when needed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constrained, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prisoner ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Arresting :en "arresting", "take into custody" ; :guid "6d7f1286-20cd-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; :wnsense "apprehend2v", "apprehension4n", "arrest1n", "arrest1v", "collar1v", "collar6n", "nab2v", "pick up7v" ; :wordnet "apprehend", "apprehension", "arrest", "collar", "nab", "pick up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arresting'' is a ''Capturing'' of a Person (who by virtue of the action of the police in deeming him/her subject to arrest is thereby rendered a ''Suspect'') In CYC 'ArrestingSomeone': The collection of all instances of #$TakingAPersonPrisoner which constitute legally sanctioned arrests by law enforcement officers. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'arrest' in WordNet: 1. (20) collar, nail, apprehend, arrest, pick up, nab, cop - (take into custody; 'the police nabbed the suspected criminals') WN noun 'arrest': 1. (5) apprehension, arrest, catch, collar, pinch, taking into custody - (the act of apprehending (especially apprehending a criminal); 'the policeman on the beat got credit for the collar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capturing, :LawEnforcementActivity, :LegalProceeding, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Suspect ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Prisoner ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arrested ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imprisoning ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyFollowedBy ] . :Arrhythmia :en "irregular heartbeat" ; :enn "irregular heartbeat" ; :guid "bf046597-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arrhythmia1n", "cardiac arrhythmia1n" ; :wordnet "arrhythmia", "cardiac arrhythmia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Arrhythmia'' is a 'HeartBeat' in which the beating Action is not simply periodic, but has occasional beats that are out of rhythm, usually due to some abnormal electrical activity in the nerves of the heart that activate the heart muscles. Some types of ''Arrhythmia''may have 'no clinical significance' and this is therefore not always an ''AilmentCondition''. CYC: The collection of instances of the #$PhysiologicalCondition in which one has odd alterations from one's regular heartbeat. The condition may be medically innocuous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arrhythmia' in WordNet: 1. cardiac arrhythmia, arrhythmia - (an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeartBeating, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Irregular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abnormal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ArrivingAtAPlace :finishes :Approaching ; :guid "bf22d9ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "arrival", "arrive", "come", "reach" ; :wnsense "arrival2n", "arrive1v", "come2v", "reach1v" ; :wordnet "arrival", "arrive", "come", "reach" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A physical transfer in which the performer moves to a location other than that from which s/he started. See also #$LeavingAPlace. Every ArrivingAtAPlace causes a Presence. The Place arrived at is related to the arrival action by the relation 'hasEndingPlace' (inherited from GeneralizedTransfer) the ending place is required by the inherited restriction. In COSMO this is interpreted as a CompletionEvent, and the starting point of the full trip need not be specified, therefore the parent 'Translation-SingleTrajectory' is removed, as it requires a 'from' role whereas we may know only the 'to' location. The result and ending state of 'ArrivingAtAPlace' is an instance of 'Presence' (being in some location). NOTE that each 'ArrivingAtAPlace' is the finishing phase of some 'Approaching'; however, not every 'Approaching' ends in an 'ArrivingAtAPlace', since the course may change and the approaching object may never arrive at the point that it was approaching. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'arrive' and verb sense 1 of 'reach' and noun sense 2 of 'arrival' and verb sense 2 of 'come' in WordNet: WN 'arrive': 1. (53) arrive, get, come - (reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress; 'She arrived home at 7 o'clock'; 'She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight') WN 'arrival': 2. (3) arrival - (the act of arriving at a certain place; 'they awaited her arrival') WN verb 'reach' 1. (111) reach, make, attain, hit, arrive at, gain - (reach a destination, either real or abstract; 'We hit Detroit by noon'; 'The water reached the doorstep'; 'We barely made it to the finish line'; 'I have to hit the MAC machine before the weekend starts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoingSomewhere, :ReachingaGoalState, :TransferIn, :Translation-LocationChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingInaPlace ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEndingState ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeingInaPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :GoingSomewhere ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incoming ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :Arrogance :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Proud ; :wnsense "arrogance1n", "haughtiness1n", "hauteur1n", "high-handedness1n", "lordliness2n" ; :wordnet "arrogance", "haughtiness", "hauteur", "high-handedness", "lordliness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A intense degree of pride that causes contempt for others and disregard for their opinon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arrogance' in WordNet: 1. (1) arrogance, haughtiness, hauteur, high-handedness, lordliness - (overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pride, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arrogant ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Arrogant :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Arrogance ; :wnsense "arrogant1adj", "chesty2adj", "self-important1adj" ; :wordnet "arrogant", "chesty", "self-important" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A intense degree of 'Proud'' that causes contempt for others and disregard for their opinon. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'arrogant' in WordNet: 1. (1) arrogant, chesty, self-important - (having or showing feelings of unwarranted importance out of overbearing pride; 'an arrogant official'; 'arrogant claims'; 'chesty as a peacock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proud, :SelfConfident . :Arrow :guid "bd5888cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arrow2n" ; :wordnet "arrow" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of arrows. The feather-like ''Vane''s at the end are not specified as a required part yet (rev1191). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arrow' in Wordnet: 2. (3) arrow - (a projectile with a straight thin shaft and an arrowhead on one end and stabilizing vanes on the other; intended to be shot from a bow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :LongAndThinThing, :PointyEndedObject, :PrimitiveWeapon, :ProjectileWeapon, :StraightObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "600"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "15"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArrowHead ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bow-Weapon ; owl:onProperty :isPropelledBy ] . :ArrowHead :guid "bd58a407-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arrowhead1n" ; :wordnet "arrowhead" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The set of arrowHeads. These are commonly, but not necesarily, triangular Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arrowhead' in Wordnet: 1. arrowhead - (the pointed head or striking tip of an arrow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :DurableGood, :PointyEndedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arrow ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arrow ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtTheEndOf ] . :Arroyo :guid "c1006cff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arroyo1n" ; :wordnet "arroyo" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of usually dry watercourses (creek beds) typically found in arid parts of the world. When it rains, they channel water. Otherwise (most of the time) they are just dry ''Ditch''es. NOTE; that the WN gloss ignores the most significant defining aspect of an ''Arroyo'' being that it is usually dry. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arroyo' in WordNet: 1. (3) arroyo - (a stream or brook) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ditch, :FluidConduit, :LandTopographicalFeature, :RiverBed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dry ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ] . :Arsenal :guid "be7f9266-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "armory3n", "armoury3n", "arsenal2n" ; :wordnet "armory", "armoury", "arsenal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A human-constructed storage facility used by a military organization for storing weapons. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'arsenal' in WordNet: 2. arsenal, armory, armoury - (a military structure where arms and ammunition and other military equipment are stored and training is given in the use of arms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryFacility, :StorageConstruct, :StorageFacility . :Arsenic :guid "bd5908ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "33"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "As1n", "arsenic1n" ; :wordnet "As", "arsenic" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance that is a chemcal element. In CYC is it an object, in COSMO it is not - it is a substance. CYC: All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of arsenic; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form - but not necessarily. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arsenic' in WordNet: 1. (4) arsenic, As, atomic number 33 - (a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :NonMetal, :SolidSubstance, :ToxicSubstance . :Arson :guid "c1ef08c8-1cde-11d6-8000-00902791a840" ; :wnsense "arson1n", "fire-raising1n", "incendiarism1n" ; :wordnet "arson", "fire-raising", "incendiarism" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of criminal startings of fires. SUMO: An act where an agent sets something which it does not possess on fire in order to destroy it or its contents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arson' in WordNet: 1. arson, incendiarism, fire-raising - (malicious burning to destroy property; 'the British term for arson is fire-raising') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOnObject, :Felony, :IntentionalDestruction, :SettingSomethingOnFire . :Art :ldoce "art" ; :wnsense "art2n" ; :wordnet "art" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Art' is the generic FieldOfStudy for those endeavors that are neither Science nor Technology, and deal primarily with the creation of things whose purpose is esthetic appreciation rather than practical utility. This includes the fine arts, music, visual arts such as painting and sculpture, poetry, dance, writing for esthetic effect, especially but not exclusively fiction, etc. This includes ''Architecture'' as a combination of ''Engineering'' and ''Art''. The closest WordNet sense appears to be sense 2 of 'art', but that appears to be the activity of producting art works, not the more abstract FieldOfStudy: in WordNet: 2. (15) art, artistic creation, artistic production - (the creation of beautiful or significant things; 'art does not need to be innovative to be good'; 'I was never any good at art'; 'he said that architecture is the art of wasting space beautifully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtAsaProfession ; owl:onProperty :isTheFieldOfProfession ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtActivity ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :ArtActivity :wnsense "artistic creation1n", "artistic production1n" ; :wordnet "artistic creation", "artistic production" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ArtActivity'' includes any activity related to the creation *or enjoyment* of works of art including performing arts as well as visual and musical arts and written works; music, drama, fine arts, literature, and related activities. This is a heterogeous category, and is defined primarily by its subtypes Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'art' in WordNet: 1. art, artistic creation, artistic production - (the creation of beautiful or significant things; 'art does not need to be innovative to be good'; 'I was never any good at art'; 'he said that architecture is the art of wasting space beautifully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :CulturalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Artistic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ArtAsaProfession a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ArtAsaProfession' is the 'occupation' of creating works of art, for (at least some times) pay or other valuable consideration. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Art ; owl:onProperty :isTheProfessionOfField ] . :ArtGallery :wnsense "art gallery1n", "gallery3n", "picture gallery1n" ; :wordnet "art gallery", "gallery", "picture gallery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArtGallery'' is a ''Room'' where Art works are displayed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'art gallery' in WordNet: 1. gallery, art gallery, picture gallery - (a room or series of rooms where works of art are exhibited) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingArtWorks ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ArtObject :SUMO "ArtWork" ; :en "art object", "art work" ; :enn "art object", "art work" ; :ldoce "art" ; :wnsense "art1n" ; :wordnet "art" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is a very broad category of PhysicalObjects that are created as works of Art - which does not require that the work can also have a practical purpose - artifacts may in general be multipurpose. The restriction requires that the Artist be identified, but if unknown, this relation can be satisfied by pointing to 'UnknownPerson'. ArtObject (CYC) ArtWork (SUMO) OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$HumanAccessibleIBO and #$Artifact. Each instance of #$ArtObject is a tangible object that is a work, or a reproduction of a work, in one of the representational or plastic arts, such as a painting, sculpture, ceramic piece, quilt, or stained glass composition. #$ArtObject does _not_ include as instances plays, movies, music, performance art, or other activities. #$ArtObject is a specialization of #$InformationBearingObject, but its instances need not have any propositional content. Examples of #$ArtObject: the #$StatueOfLiberty, the Mona Lisa, a poster reproduction of Van Gogh's 'Starry Night', Rodin's 'Burghers of Calais', a piece of Ju ware from the Sung Dynasty, the windows of Chartres Cathedral, a series of prints by Picasso. SUMO: (ArtWork) Artifacts that are created primarily for aesthetic appreciation. Note that this Class does not include most examples of architecture, which belong under StationaryArtifact. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'art' in WordNet: 1. (49) art, fine art - (the products of human creativity; works of art collectively; 'an art exhibition'; 'a fine collection of art') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ArtifactObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Artist ] . :ArtOrFashionModel :ldoce "model" ; :wnsense "model3n", "model8n" ; :wordnet "model" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ArtOrFashionModel' is a person who either poses for artists (including photographers) or wears clothing being offered for sale, to display that clothing to potential buyers. This occupation can be part-time or occasional, and a person has that role either while performing the service full-time over some time interval, or if occasional, only while actualy performing the service. Includes noun senses 3 and 8 of 'model' in WordNet: 3. (6) model, poser - (a person who poses for a photographer or painter or sculptor; 'the president didn't have time to be a model so the artist worked from photos') 8. mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin, fashion model, model - (a woman who wears clothes to display fashions; 'she was too fat to be a mannequin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation . :ArtStudio :guid "bd588503-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "atelier1n", "studio1n" ; :wordnet "atelier", "studio" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An artist's studio where the art gets made. SUMO: A Room, suite of Rooms or Building which is devoted to the creation of ArtWorks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atelier' in WordNet: 1. artist's workroom, atelier - (a studio especially for an artist or designer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Studio, :Workshop . :ArtSupplies :en "art supplies" ; :guid "bd58ae5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ArtSupplies'' is a collective term,but this type represents *one* PhysicalObject used in any form of visual art. This is interpreted as a Group of *one item* from a Group of ''Supplies'' represented by the parent type. 'Supplies''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Supplies, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisualArtActivity ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ArterioSclerosis :wnsense "arterial sclerosis1n", "arteriosclerosis1n", "coronary-artery disease1n", "hardening of the arteries1n", "induration of the arteries1n" ; :wordnet "arterial sclerosis", "arteriosclerosis", "coronary-artery disease", "hardening of the arteries", "induration of the arteries" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ArterioSclerosis'' is a subtype of 'Sclerosis' in which artery walls become hardened and/or thickened. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arteriosclerosis' in WordNet: 1. arteriosclerosis, arterial sclerosis, hardening of the arteries, induration of the arteries, coronary-artery disease - (sclerosis of the arterial walls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sclerosis . :Artery :guid "bd58e49d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "artery1n" ; :wordnet "artery" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Tubular, branching vessel which carries blood from the heart to the body. SUMO: Any BloodVessel which transfers Blood from the Heart to the extremities of the body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artery' in WordNet: 1. (5) artery, arteria, arterial blood vessel - (a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodVessel . :Arthritis :guid "c0fd5e5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arthritis1n" ; :wordnet "arthritis" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Arthritis is characterized by stiffening and pain in joints. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arthritis' in WordNet: 1. (2) arthritis - (inflammation of a joint or joints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChronicCondition, :Inflammation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Joint-AnimalBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :PainOrAche ] . :Arthropod :guid "bd58b048-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arthropod1n" ; :wordnet "arthropod" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$BiologicalPhylum and a specialization of #$Invertebrate. Each instance of #$Arthropod is a member of a species whose members are typically chitin-armored invertebrates with jointed bodies and limbs. Specializations include #$Insect, #$Crustacean, and #$Arachnid. NOTE that Arthropods are listed as 'WalkingAnimal' though some Arthropods can fly, and use flying as their typical means of propulsion. Being a 'WalkingAnimal' only means that the prototype is able to walk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arthropod' in WordNet: 1. arthropod - (invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of chitin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coelomate, :Invertebrate, :WalkingAnimal . :ArthropodBite :en "arthropod bite" ; :enn "arthropod bite" ; :wnsense "bite3n", "insect bite1n", "sting3n" ; :wordnet "bite", "insect bite", "sting" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArthropodBite'' is the ''Bite'' of an insect or arachnid, often only a minor irritation but sometimes quite painful. This is an Object; the condition caused is ''BiteOrSting''. Includes but is broader (includes arachnids like sspiders and scorpions) than sense 3 of 'sting' in WordNet: 3. sting, bite, insect bite - (a painful wound caused by the thrust of an insect's stinger into skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BiteOrSting ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StingingByAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ArthropodType ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :ArthropodType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ArthropodType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for an ''Arthropod' (insect or spider) in its aspect as an animal""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeastType . :Article :guid "c0f92084-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "article" ; :wnsense "article1n" ; :wordnet "article" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A nonfiction literary composition (which may include pictures or multimedia attachments) published or intended to be published with other Articles. A single Article, e.g. in a pamphlet may be an instance of this type. An Article is seldom more than one hundred pages long - the borderline between an Article and a chapter in a book is not clearly defined. An Article can be published online, without any corresponding paper version, or may have both paper and online versions. Since this represents the abstract article, the same 'Article' may have an online as well as a paper representation. CYC ('Article-PCW'): The collection of all nonfiction literary compositions intended to be published as a subdivision of some #$PublishedMaterial. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'article' in WordNet: 1. (14) article - (nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProseLiteraryWork, :Report . :ArticleCopy :ldoce "article" ; :wnsense "article1n" ; :wordnet "article" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PhysicalObject' that is a physical representation of some abstract 'Article'; this may be on paper or in some digital form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'article' in WordNet (which does not distinguish the abstract and physical things): in WordNet: 1. (14) article - (nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial . :Articulate :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Articulating ; :wnsense "articulate1adj" ; :wordnet "articulate" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Articulate'' is being able to express oneself clearly and make one's thoughts understood. ''Articulate'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of a Person who can and regularly does express ideas clearly - ''Articulating' thoughts. Compare: ''Eloquent'' - being able to speak using expressions that impress listeners with phraseology that appears both appropriate and forceful, being able to convey meaning and convince by imagery and emotional appeal more than by logic. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'articulate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) articulate - (expressing yourself easily or characterized by clear expressive language; 'articulate speech'; 'an articulate orator'; 'articulate beings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArticulateOrEloquent . :ArticulateOrEloquent :guid "72c19cb0-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Having a natural facility eloquence or fluency with written or spoken words particularly with one's native language (see #$nativeLanguage). Good writers are often #$ArticulateOrEloquent. See subtypes ''Articulate''and ''Eloquent'' and ''FluentInaLanguage''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intelligent . :Articulating :wnsense "articulate4v", "enunciate2v" ; :wordnet "articulate", "enunciate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Articulating'' is an 'ExpressingLinguistically' in a manner that is clear and precise and properly inclusive. NOTE: the WN gloss is not clear whether 'clear' means *only* clear in pronunciation or clear in meaning or both. This type represents speaking both with proper pronunciation and using words that make the *meaning* clear. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 4 of 'articulate' in WordNet: 4. articulate, enunciate, vocalize, vocalise - (express or state clearly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingLinguistically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clear ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Artifact-Generic :ldoce "creature", "product", "work" ; :wnsense "artefact1n", "artifact1n", "creation2n", "product2n", "work2n" ; :wordnet "artefact", "artifact", "creation", "product", "work" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Artifact-Generic was anything created by an Agent. More useful categories will be the more specific Types. Original COSMO Indented List name: Artifact-Generic_includes_conceptual_works__laws__information_objects_ OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of things created by #$Agents. These creations may be either tangible (like a hammer, a bowl, or a bridge) or intangible (like a set of laws, a #$KnowledgeBase, or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Thus, the collection of #$Artifact-Generics is partitioned into #$Artifact and #$Artifact-Intangible (q.v.). For substypes labeled 'product' see also 'Product', 'ManufacturedGoods' The term 'creature' (e.g. 'a city is a creture of the state' can also be used for anything created by an intelligent agent; but no such sense is in WordNet. Corresponds approximately to noun 1 of 'artifact' and part of noun sense 2 of 'work'(but only applies to objects, not Actions) in WordNet, being interpreted as both physical and abstract work products: in WordNet: WN 'artifact': 1. (1) artifact, artefact - (a man-made object taken as a whole) WN 'product' 2. (138) product, production - (an artifact that has been created by someone or some process; 'they improve their product every year'; 'they export most of their agricultural production') WN noun 'work': 2. (359) work, piece of work - (a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing; 'it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works'; 'the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work'; 'he was indebted to the pioneering work of John Dewey'; 'the work of an active imagination'; 'erosion is the work of wind or water over time') WN noun 'creation' 2. (4) creation - (an artifact that has been brought into existence by someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Artificial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Artifact-NonAgentive a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ObjectType, and a specialization of #$Artifact-Generic. #$Artifact-NonAgentive is the collection of all artifacts that are _not_ agents (i.e., that are _not_ instances of #$Agent-Generic). Specializations of #$Artifact-NonAgentive include #$Bicycle, #$Pants, #$Canal, and #$FoodUtensil. COSMO note: Artifacts are not Agentive in the CYC sense that they are not IntentionalAgents (they can't speak or form plans); therefore they cannot be 'Automaton''s. However, in COSMO an Instrument is an instance of GenericAgent (it can be the subject of a transitive verb phrase), so the CYC name must not be interpreted as meaning that an Artifact-NonAgentive is not a GenericAgent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject ; owl:disjointWith :IntentionalAgent . :ArtifactBase :CYC "Pedestal" ; :guid "bd58870c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "base10n", "pedestal1n", "stand1n" ; :wordnet "base", "pedestal", "stand" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ArtifactBase'' is the flat-bottomed part of an ArtifactObject that is the bottom part of the Object and helps support the Object while it is oriented to serve its function, In CYC 'Pedestal'. A ''ArtifactBase'' is typically plate-like but can have any planar cross-section on the bottom, from circular to square. The center part that may hold a ''ArtifactStem'' Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'base' in WordNet: 10. (2) base, pedestal, stand - (a support or foundation; 'the base of the lamp') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :PartOfanArtifact, :SolidObject, :SupportingObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ] . :ArtifactObject :ldoce "artifact", "thing" ; :wnsense "artifact1n", "thing3n" ; :wordnet "artifact", "thing" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is an Artifact (created by animal, Organization, or automaton). COSMO note: this class was merged with the Cyc 'Artifact-HumanCreated' because little logical difference could be discerned, though in COSMO objects created by animals (''AnimalArtifact'') or automatons are also considered as ArtifactObjects. An artifact that is not a PhysicalObject is represented as ''ConceptualWork'' or ''ArtificialSubstance'', and some other more specialized subtypes.. If a broad class of specifically human artifacts is needed, it can be created as a subtype of this class, however, that role may be served by the subtype ''Device'' and other specific subtypes.. Most instances of Artifact will be created by humans - people, groups, organizations, or their automaton servants. Artifactual objects created by non-humans (e.g. animals) will also be instances of ArtifactObject (e.g. 'SpiderWeb', bird's nest). Things made by non-animate natural forces (e.g. river channels) are not included in this type. NOTE: this type includes as subtype ''ArtifactOrganism'' to represent ''Organism''s that are similar to natural Organisms, but were modified in some way to have significant characteristics that do not occur in nature. This includes genetically modified organisms that have gene combinations not found in nature (though they may occur individully in different organisms), and animal or plant breeds significantly different from the natural type produced by selective breeding, and subtypes of organisms that have special characteristics that are not inherited genetically, but are induced by treating the growing organisms in some unusual way to produce adults withspecial characteristics, such as ''Bonsai'' trees. Artifact( Cyc and SUMO); material-artifact(DOLCE) SUMO: A CorpuscularObject that is the product of a Making. Cyc comment for 'Artifact-HumanCreated': A collection of individual #$Artifacts. Each instance of #$Artifact-HumanCreated is a tangible thing made by an instance of #$HomoSapiens, or by a (#$GroupFn #$HomoSapiens). Examples include instances of #$Clothing-Generic, #$Automobile, #$DrainageCanal, and #$HydroelectricDam. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$Artifact is an at least partially tangible thing which was intentionally created by an #$Agent (or a group of #$Agents working together) to serve some purpose or perform some function. In order to create an instance of #$Artifact, it is not necessary that an #$Agent create the matter out of which the #$Artifact is composed; rather, an #$Agent can create an instance of #$Artifact by assembling or modifying existing matter. Examples of #$Artifacts include a wooden flute that's been whittled from a tree branch, a sawhorse that's been put together out of boards and nails, and a coin that's been minted by embossing or by melting liquid silver into a mold. In addition to the obvious human artifacts (buildings, tools, textiles, power lines), the collection #$Artifact also includes certain sorts of things made by #$Animals, such as bird nests, termite mounds, and beaver dams. Artifacts without any tangible parts are excluded from the collection #$Artifact; they are included in the collection #$Artifact-Intangible. DOLCE: material-artifact: No easy definition of artifactual properties is possible, hence it is better to rely on alternative descriptions and roles: a physical object that shows or is known to have an artifactual origin that counts in the tasks an ontology is supposed to support, will be a material artifact. On the other hand, physical objects that do not show that origin, or that origin is unimportant for the task of the ontology, will be physical bodies. Formally, a restriction is provided here that requires that the collection whose members are (at least some of the) proper parts of a material artifact is *unified* by a plan or project. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artifact' and sense 3 of 'thing' in WordNet: WN 'artifact': 1. (1) artifact, artefact - (a man-made object taken as a whole) WN 'thing': 3. (224) thing - (an artifact; 'how does this thing work?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :PhysicalObject, :UsefulThing, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :ArtifactObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ArtifactObjectType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ArtifactObjects and an argument restriction for various relations on ArtifactObject types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType . :ArtifactOrganism :en "artifact organism" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArtifactOrganism'' is an Organism that has characteristics produced by the intentional action of some person to produce a type of Organism that differs significantly from Organisms found in nature (the 'wild types'). An ''ArtifactOrganism'' are ''Organism''s that are similar to natural Organisms, but were modified in some way to have significant characteristics that do not occur in nature. This includes genetically modified organisms that have gene combinations not found in nature (though they may occur individully in different organisms), and animal or plant breeds significantly different from the natural type produced by selective breeding, and subtypes of organisms that have special characteristics that are not inherited genetically, but are induced by treating the growing organisms in some unusual way to produce adults withspecial characteristics, such as ''Bonsai'' trees. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Organism . :ArtifactStem :en "stem of an artifact", "supporting stem of an artifact" ; :wnsense "shank3n", "stem3n" ; :wordnet "shank", "stem" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ArtifactStem'' is the vertical shaft-like part of some ''ArtfactObject'', being long and narrow, oriented vertically when in use, attched to a 'base' that gives it stability, and serving support the main functional part of an artifact, holding it in place while it serves its function. It can be hollow in cross-section like a tube, or solid, and may be close to cyindrical or of some other shape such as hexagonal or octagonal in cross-section, The top part of the ArtifactObject may be open-toped like a ''DrinkingGlass' or bowl, or be closed for special purposes. A Prototypical ''ArtifactStem'' is a ''GlassStem'', used in ''DrinkingGlasses'' to give them an elegant appearance distinct from the flat-bottomed cylinders commonly used for soft drinks. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'stem' (this is for vertical supporting stems)in WordNet: 3. (2) shank, stem - (cylinder forming a long narrow part of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :PartOfanArtifact, :Shaft, :SolidObject, :SupportingObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactBase ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :Artificial :ldoce "artificial" ; :wnsense "artificial1adj" ; :wordnet "artificial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Artificial' is an AttributeValue of Objects (including MentalObjects) that are intentionally created by IntentionalAgents (including Animals) for a purpose rather than by the inanimate forces of nature. A 'natural language' is not Artificial, since it is not created intentionally as a whole, but by a gradual process of accumulation of parts during instances of use. NOTE that this sense is not an exact antonym of 'Natural', since it includes things produced by living beings other than humans. For the narrower sense of 'artificial' meaning created by humans, use 'ManMade' Includes sense 1 and 3 of adjective 'artificial' in WordNet: 1. (4) artificial, unreal - (contrived by art rather than nature; 'artificial flowers'; 'artificial flavoring'; 'an artificial diamond'; 'artificial fibers'; 'artificial sweeteners') 3. artificial - (not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ArtificialBodyPart :en "artificial body part", "replacement body part" ; :wnsense "prosthesis1n", "prosthetic device1n" ; :wordnet "prosthesis", "prosthetic device" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Device that is designed to replace some part of the body, or some part of a natural function. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prosthesis' in WordNet: 1. prosthesis, prosthetic device - (corrective consisting of a replacement for a part of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Substitute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :wasaSubstituteFor ] . :ArtificialEyeLens :en "replacementlens" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Lens' that is designed to replace the natural lens that is part of an eye. This is installed during a surgical procedure that usually is motivated by cataracts in the lens that reduce visual acuity. (not a 'contact lens') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialBodyPart, :Lens-Artificial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lens-EyePart ; owl:onProperty :wasaSubstituteFor ] . :ArtificialIntelligence :wnsense "AI2n", "artificial intelligence1n" ; :wordnet "AI", "artificial intelligence" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ArtificialIntelligence'' has numerous branches including logical computation, knowledge representation, Natural language Understanding, speech understanding, image recognition, and machine learning such as 'neural networks' and 'deep learning' and robotics, among many others. The goals include replicating the kind of 'thinking' that people do as wel as repllicating the actions people can perform, such as driving vehicles. The techniques used are as varied as the goals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artificial intelligence' in WordNet: 1. artificial intelligence, AI - (the branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively; 'workers in AI hope to imitate or duplicate intelligence in computers and robots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerScience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ontology ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :ArtificialLanguage :guid "bfd87fe1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "artificial language1n" ; :wordnet "artificial language" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection that includes all languages created by #$Agents. Some examples are computer programming languages, constructed international languages like Esperanto and Ido, and languages of formal logic. See also #$FormalLanguage. SUMO: The subclass of Languages that are designed by Humans. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artificial language' in WordNet: 1. artificial language - (a language that is deliberately created for a specific purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanLanguage . :ArtificialRespiration :wnsense "artificial respiration1n" ; :wordnet "artificial respiration" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ArtificialRespiration'' is a subtype of ''Breathing'' that is assisted by a ''Respirator''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artificial respiration' in WordNet: 1. artificial respiration - (an emergency procedure whereby breathing is maintained artificially) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Breathing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Respirator ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :ArtificialSatellite :guid "c0fcde24-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "artificial satellite1n", "orbiter1n", "satellite1n" ; :wordnet "artificial satellite", "orbiter", "satellite" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlanetarySatellite'' that is an ArtifactOject orbiting any planet. (orbiting a moon is not included here - use ''Orbiter'' for that.) CYC ('Satellite-Device'):A man-made device intended to orbit a celestial body (for most of them, Earth). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'satellite' in WordNet: 1. (4) satellite, artificial satellite, orbiter - (man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :PlanetarySatellite, :Spacecraft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :orbits ; owl:someValuesFrom :Planet-Generic ] . :ArtificialSubstance :en "ArtificialMaterial", "artificial material", "artificial substance" ; :guid "bd590222-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Similar to Cyc, 'ArtificialMaterial'. But in Cyc a Substance is an object of homogeneous composition, while in COSMO it is not an Object, but a distinctive Type of its own. An ArtificialSubstance is one that does not exist in nature in the form it was created. Thus a substance made by physiological processes of life forms is not an ArtificialSubstance in that form,but a pure version of chemical coomponent of that product that exists in nature only in low concentration in mixtures *would* be an ArtificialSubstance. See also ProcessedNaturalSubstance for more detail about this specific issue. Cyc: A collection of substances; a subcollection of #$Artifact. An instance of #$ArtificialMaterial is a portion of artificial stuff that was intentionally made by some agent(s), such as #$Plastic or #$SweetNLow. Since #$ArtificialMaterials are intentionally produced, this class does not normally include materials which are merely #$byProducts or #$wasteProducts of an intentional process. However, what is a by-product at one time or in one context may be a useful material that would count as an instance of #$ArtificialMaterial in another. COSMO note: ArtificialSubstances are resources, since they would not be artifacts unless they were considered useful for some purpose.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :PhysicalSubstance, :Resource . :ArtificialSweetener :en "artificial sweetener" ; :enn "artificial sweetener" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any non-natural synthetic sweetening agent." ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Sweetener . :Artificially :contrastsWith :NonArtificially ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Artificial ; :wnsense "artificially1adv", "by artificial means1n", "unnaturally2adv" ; :wordnet "artificially", "by artificial means", "unnaturally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Artificially'' is an adverb meaning 'by artificial means'. it contrasts with 'naturally' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'artificially' in WordNet: 1. (2) artificially, unnaturally, by artificial means - (not according to nature; not by natural means; 'artificially induced conditions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Artillery-SelfPropelled :en "self-propelled artillery" ; :enn "self-propelled artillery" ; :guid "c06e5060-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MilitaryWeaponType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$FieldArtillery. Every instance of #$Artillery-SelfPropelled is a large-caliber gun mounted on a #$LandPlatform-SelfPropelled. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmoredVehicle, :FieldArtillery, :WeaponSystem . :Artillery-Towed :en "towed artillery" ; :enn "towed artillery" ; :guid "bfd340a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MilitaryWeaponType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$FieldArtillery. Every instance of #$Artillery-Towed is a large-caliber gun mounted on a #$LandPlatform-Towed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldArtillery, :TowedWeapon, :WeaponSystem . :ArtilleryPiece :wnsense "artillery1n", "gun2n", "heavy weapon1n", "ordnance1n" ; :wordnet "artillery", "gun", "heavy weapon", "ordnance" ; a :MilitaryWeaponType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArtilleryPiece'' is any Large-caliber mounted ''Gun'', usually operated by a crew working together to load, aim, and fire. This can be usedby anarmyon the ground, as is ''FieldArtillery'', or for antiaircraft on any platform, or as part of a larger systems, as on a ''Tank'' or Warship. NOTE: the WN gloss says 'transportable' but artillery on board a warship or at the shore for coastal defence might not be considered 'transportable; these are included here, whether or not they are contemplated in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artillery' in WordNet: 1. (8) artillery, heavy weapon, gun, ordnance - (large but transportable armament) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gun, :MilitaryWeapon . :ArtilleryShell :guid "bef33664-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shell" ; :wnsense "shell1n" ; :wordnet "shell" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of projectiles which contain explosive material and are launched by artillery. An 'ArtilleryShell' is the part of a 'ProjectileShellAssembly' that is actually launched and explodes on the target - the warhead. NOTE that since Artillery is intended for military use, an ArtilleryShell is categorized as a MilitaryAsset. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'shell' in WordNet, being only the part of the assembly that is launched from artillery, not including the casing or explosive charge: in WordNet: 1. (14) shell - (ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallisticProjectile, :ExplosiveDevice, :MilitaryWeapon, :ProjectileWeapon-Fired, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProjectileShellAssembly ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExplosiveSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Artisan :wnsense "artisan1n" ; :wordnet "artisan" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''SkilledWorker''who produces things having some artistic value even if mostly made for utilitarian purposes. RHW: a person skilled in an applied art; a craftsperson. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artisan' in WordNet: 1. (1) craftsman, artisan, journeyman, artificer - (a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :PersonWithOccupation, :SkilledWorker . :Artist :guid "c0c71923-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "artist1n" ; :wordnet "artist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Note that in COSMO an 'Artist' is anyone who creates a Picture or other visual represention, or any other creative work,including performing art actions such as dancing or acrobatics. This is not just for one who in practise does it professionally, but the parent type ''EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional'' is used to indicate that someone with this type of expertise is sufficiently skilled that the things they create or do *could* be professional. The more specific subtype ''ProfessionalArtist'' makes that explicit. This is a broad sense, as in CYC and Wordnet. CYC: A specialization of #$Person. Each instance of this collection is a person who produces or performs works of art. This includes performing artists (whose works are transitory unless recorded) as well as visual artists, literary writers, and composers (whose works are intended to last for a significant length of time and be viewed or otherwise appreciated after the artist finishes them). A notable specialization of this collection is #$Artist-Visual. See also #$ArtObject, #$artisticWorksCreated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'artist' in WordNet: 1. (44) artist, creative person - (a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creator, :EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtAsaProfession ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Artist-Performer :en "performance artist" ; :enn "performance artist" ; :guid "bd58e310-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "performer1n", "performing artist1n" ; :wordnet "performer", "performing artist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type represents *any* kind of performer, not just acting or music - e.g. comedian, acrobat dancer, magician. CYC: A specialization of #$Artist and of #$Entertainer. Each instance of this collection is a person watched by the audience during some instance of #$EntertainmentPerformance. Note that this collection includes only individual performers and not, for instance, musical groups (for that, see #$MusicPerformanceAgent). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'performer' in Wordnet: 1. (8) performer, performing artist - (an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist, :Entertainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Performance ; owl:onProperty :isTheCreatorOf ] . :Artistic :pertainsTo :ArtActivity ; :wnsense "artistic1adj", "cultural1adj" ; :wordnet "artistic", "cultural" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Artistic'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any ''ArtActivity'' or some closely related or associated aspects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'artistic' in WordNet: 1. (18) artistic - (relating to or characteristic of art or artists; 'his artistic background') WN adjective 'cultural': 1. (9) cultural - (of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors; 'cultural events'; 'a person of broad cultural interests') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Aruba :wnsense "Aruba1n" ; :wordnet "Aruba" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Aruba' in WordNet: 1. Aruba - (a popular island resort in the Netherlands Antilles) """ . :Asbestos :guid "bda5d874-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "asbestos1n" ; :wordnet "asbestos" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Asbestos'' is a mineral that is fibrous, and was used in insulation until its toxicity became more evident. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asbestos' in WordNet: 1. asbestos - (a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :Asbestosis :guid "71e45be1-9202-11d7-842c-000347a4228d" ; :wnsense "asbestosis1n" ; :wordnet "asbestosis" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Pneumoconiosis. Asbestosis is a scarring of the lungs that leads to breathing problems and heart failure. It is caused by exposure to asbestos. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asbestosis' in WordNet: 1. asbestosis - (lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pneumoconiosis . :Ascending :eng "ascending" ; :wnsense "ascend1v" ; :wordnet "ascend" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Tis sense of ''Ascending'' is for a ''MotionUpward'' that is performed intentionally by a Person to move to a location that is higher at the end than at the beginning. This can be ascending a slope (hill or mountain) or a ladder, or a staircase, or into a higher elevation in the atmosphere. The thing that ascends must perform the motion,or be a passenger in a verhicle that performs the motion. A balloon can ascend into the atmosphere. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ascend' in WordNet: 1. (3) ascend, go up - (travel up, 'We ascended the mountain'; 'go up a ladder'; 'The mountaineers slowly ascended the steep slope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionUpward, :Translation-LocationChange . :AscendingEvent :guid "c145f961-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :Descending ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An event is an #$AscendingEvent if and only if its object (#$objectMoving) has a higher altitude (#$altitudeAboveSeaLevel) at the end of the event than it did at the beginning of the event. Thus, some descent may occur during the ascent so long as the net affect is to increase altitude. Climbing stairs, walking down a hill to the top of a higher hill, being lifted, and airplane taking off are exemplars of #$AscendingEvent. Technically, a standing up or bread rising are not exemplars because the #$altitudeAboveSeaLevel of these objects is not higher at the end of the ascension. (#$altitudeAboveSeaLevel is based on the distance between the bottom of the object and the mean sea level.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionUpward, :Translation-LocationChange . :AscendingStairs :guid "2fc6ca1c-a503-41d8-9393-aeabc3861b00" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$Ambulation and #$AscendingEvent. Each instance of #$AscendingStairs is an event in which an agent climbs part or all of a #$Stairway. See also #$DescendingStairs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation, :Climbing . :Ascertaining :wnsense "ascertain1v", "ascertain3v", "check21v", "determination1n", "determine1v", "determine8v", "find out1v", "find out3v", "see8v" ; :wordnet "ascertain", "check", "determination", "determine", "find out", "see" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Learning something where the thing learned is specifically an intended target of an ''Inquiring'' effort. Excludes learning things incidentally without specifically inquiring. The verbs are often used in his sense with 'whether' introducing the question to be answered. NOTE: these two WN senses of 'determine and 'ascertain' are difficult to distinguish. Includes verb senses 1 and 8 of 'determine' and senses 1 and 3 of 'find out' in WordNet: 1. (117) determine, find, find out, ascertain - (establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study; 'find the product of two numbers'; 'The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize') 8. determine, check, find out, see, ascertain, watch, learn - (find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort; 'I want to see whether she speaks French'; 'See whether it works'; 'find out if he speaks Russian'; 'Check whether the train leaves on time') WN noun 'determination': 1. (16) determination, finding - (the act of determining the properties of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscoveryEvent, :Finding-Generic, :HumanActivity, :Learning, :Perceiving-Voluntary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Inquiring :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoundThing ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Asexual :isAnAttributeValueOf :AsexualReproductionEvent ; :pertainsTo :AsexualReproductionEvent ; :wnsense "asexual1adj", "nonsexual1adj" ; :wordnet "asexual", "nonsexual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Asexual'' characterizes Actions that do not involve sexual activities, including those of microbes and of higher organisms. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asexual' in Wordnet: 1. asexual, nonsexual - (not having or involving sex; 'an asexual spore'; 'asexual reproduction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AsexualReproductionEvent :wnsense "reproduction1n" ; :wordnet "reproduction" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In each instance of 'AsexualReproductionEvent' a whole LifeForm is created from a parent by a process of reproduction that uses geneteic material only from a single parent. This is the most common means of reproduction in single-cell organisms and viruses. corresponds to part of sense 1 (the asexual part) of 'reproduction' in WordNet: 1. (1) reproduction - (the process of generating offspring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalReplication, :BiologicalReproductionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asexual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AshWednesday :guid "be68909f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Ash Wednesday1n" ; :wordnet "Ash Wednesday" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all Ash Wednesdays, designated in the Christian liturgical calendar as the fortieth non-Sunday before Easter. #$AshWednesday is the first day of #$Lent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ash Wednesday' in WordNet: 1. Ash Wednesday - (the 7th Wednesday before Easter; the first day of Lent; the day following Mardi Gras (`fat Tuesday'); a day of fasting and repentance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChristianHoliday, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lent ; owl:onProperty :starts ] . :AshWednesdayCross :en "Ash Wednesday cross" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AshWednesdayCross'' is a Small Cross placed on the forehead of a practicing ''CatholicPerson'' by a Priest on AshWednesday to symbolize the inevitable death of a Person and remind them to practice the faith (especially during the Lentent season) in preparation for their last judgment. It is nominally shaped as a Christian 'cross', but is often smudged so as to be unrecognizable as such. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousForeheadMark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CatholicPerson ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrossShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ashes ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Ashamed :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Shame ; :isTheOppositeOf :Proud ; :ldoce "ashamed" ; :wnsense "ashamed1adj" ; :wordnet "ashamed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Feeling shame because one thinks one has committed a shameful deed; The attribute of someone experiencing 'Shame'. NOTE: it is possible for someone who is in a StateOfShame (having others know of one's shameful deed) without feeling 'Shame'. The AttributeValue of somneone who is publicly shamed is 'Shamed'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ashamed' in WordNet: 1. (5) ashamed - - (feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse; 'are you ashamed for having lied?'; 'felt ashamed of my torn coat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue, :Unhappy . :Ashes :en "ashes" ; :ldoce "ash" ; :wnsense "ash1n" ; :wordnet "ash" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The solid residue of combustion of some object. It is mostly inorganic, but may have some organic material remaining in it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ash' in WordNet: 1. (2) ash - (the residue that remains when something is burned) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residue, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combustion ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Ashore :wnsense "ashore1adv", "on land1adv" ; :wordnet "ashore", "on land" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ashore'' is a RelativeLocation meaning that something located there is on a ''LandArea'' as contrasted with being on a large ''BodyOfWater'' (see''AtSea''). It is possible that being on a small lake in a boat would be considered ''Ashore'' to someone on the ocean, but this usually means being on dry land. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ashore' in Wordnet: 1. (2) ashore, on land, toward land, onto land - (towards the shore from the water; 'we invited them ashore') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, :OutdoorObject . :Ashtray :guid "bdec5bd7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToContain :TobaccoAsh ; :wnsense "ashtray1n" ; :wordnet "ashtray" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of devices that people use to ash in when smoking a #$Cigarette or a #$Cigar. This collection does NOT include things like beer bottles and soda cans which are often used as ashtrays. This constant only represents those things which are designed to function as ashtrays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ashtray' in WordNet: 1. ashtray - (a receptacle for the ash from smokers' cigars or cigarettes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :NonPoweredDevice . :Asia :has :MountEverestPeak ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; :wnsense "Asia1n" ; :wordnet "Asia" ; a :Continent ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Asia' in WordNet: 1. (5) Asia - (the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations) """ ; owl:differentFrom :EarthsSurface, :Nepal . :AsiaRegion :hasSpatialPart :CentralAsia ; a :ContinentRegion . :Asian :pertainsTo :Asia ; :wnsense "Asian1adj" ; :wordnet "Asian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Asian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Asia''. This is usually written with a capital 'A'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Asian' in WordNet: 1. Asian, Asiatic - (of or relating to or characteristic of Asia or the peoples of Asia or their languages or culture; 'Asian countries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AsianCountry :wnsense "Asian country1n", "Asian nation1n" ; :wordnet "Asian country", "Asian nation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''AsianCountry'' is a Country (a GeopoliticalEntity) that is located in ''Asia''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Asian country' in WordNet: 1. Asian country, Asian nation - (nations occupying the Asian continent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Country . :AsianPerson :wnsense "Asian1n" ; :wordnet "Asian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person who lives in, was born in, is a citizen of, or has an ancestry derived mostly from dwellers of Asia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Asian' in WordNet: 1. Asian, Asiatic - (a native or inhabitant of Asia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person . :AsimovsGuideToTheBible :en "Asimov's Guide to the Bible" ; :enn "Asimov's Guide to the Bible" ; :wasAuthoredBy :IsaacAsimov ; a :Book-Abstract . :AskPryingly :wnsense "pry2v" ; :wordnet "pry" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To ''AskPryingly'' is to ask one or more questions to a Person about some topic that is typically considered private and improper to inquire about. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pry' in WordNet: 2. (2) pry - (be nosey; 'Don't pry into my personal matters!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asking, :PryingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonalInformation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Asking :en "asking", "inquiring", "questioning" ; :ldoce "ask", "inquire", "inquiry" ; :wnsense "ask1v", "ask3v", "inquire1v", "inquiry2n", "query1n", "query1v", "question1n", "question5v" ; :wordnet "ask", "inquire", "inquiry", "query", "question" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Inquiring by communicating a desire for information to some IntelligentAgent. Searching a text is not an 'Asking' - this type is specifically for questions posed to other IntelligentAgents. Posing a query to the Internet is not an 'Asking' unless it is directed at a language-understanding automaton. This type necessarily includes some kind of Question, but the actual question need not be specified for each mention of an 'Asking' Event. However, at least the Topic should be mentioned; thus the restriction. NOTE: to 'ask for' something is a Request, which is not a subtype of Asking. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'ask', sense 1 of 'inquire', and sense 2 of 'inquiry' and verb sense 5 of 'question', and part of nouns sense 1 of 'question' in WordNet - sense 3 of 'ask' is ditransitive, often with the word 'question' as its object, but often with a specific question included as the object, and sometimes with the indirect object left out because it is understood: 'he asked her if she owned a dog'; 'Jack asked whether there was any cheese in the refrigerator'. Verb sense 5 of 'question' can take the form: 'Jack questioned me about my trip'; 'Mary questioned whether there was enough money left.'. Similar uses of 'question' can be used to mean 'expressed doubts about', but that sense is not included here. These senses (sincere question versus rhetorical question or outright expression of skepticism) may be hard to disambiguate in text without background knowledge about the questioner, or prior discourse in WordNet: 1. (654) ask, inquire, enquire - (inquire about; 'I asked about their special today'; 'He had to ask directions several times') 3. (86) ask - (direct or put; seek an answer to; 'ask a question') WN 'inquiry' 2. (3) question, inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation - (an instance of questioning; 'there was a question about my training'; 'we made inquiries of all those who were present') WN 'question' (verb) 3. (5) question, query - (pose a question) WN 'question' (noun) 1. (81) question, inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation - (an instance of questioning; 'there was a question about my training'; 'we made inquiries of all those who were present') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inquiring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Question ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :AskingPrice :ldoce "price" ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "price1n" ; :wordnet "price" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AskingPrice' is a Price that is asked for an item by the seller of that item, for items offered for sale. This can be a 'list price' in a catalog, the price label on a retail object, the price shown on the shelf in a grocery store, the price shown oon a gasoline pump; the asking price of a security or commodity on a public exchange, the price quoted by a street merchant, or any other price asked by a seller. A price in an advertisement is almost always an AskingPrice. The AskingPrice is not necessarily the price at which an item actually sells. In many retail stores prices are fixed, and the asking prices are the same as the sale prices. In small owner-operated shops, discounts from the asking price are more common. In general, unless there is some reason for uncertainty, mention of a 'price' for an object for sale should be intgerpreted as the AskingPrice. Used in phrases such as 'The price he quoted is too high' 'the price of gasoline went up by 10 cents a gallon in the past week'. The meaning of noun sense 1 and 2 of 'price' in WordNet appear to conflate some distinguishable concepts, so this appears to correlate to parts of those senses: in WordNet: 1. (580) price, terms, damage - (the amount of money needed to purchase something; 'the price of gasoline'; 'he got his new car on excellent terms'; 'how much is the damage?') 2. (85) monetary value, price, cost - (the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold); 'the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver'; 'he puts a high price on his services'; 'he couldn't calculate the cost of the collection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Price . :Asleep :en "sleeping" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :SleepingEvent ; :ldoce "asleep" ; :wnsense "asleep1adj" ; :wordnet "asleep" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that an animal is sleeping, which implies that the animal is conscious (unconscious is considered here as qualitatively different from sleeping), - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. WordNet does not have 'sleeping' in this sense. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asleep' in WordNet: 1. (9) asleep - - (in a state of sleep; 'were all asleep when the phone rang'; 'fell asleep at the wheel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conscious . :Asocial :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "antisocial1adj", "asocial1adj" ; :wordnet "antisocial", "asocial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Asocial'' is an Attribute of people who tend to avoid soializing, thiugh they may interact with people in the course of performing daily activities. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asocial' in Wordnet: 1. asocial - (given to avoiding association with others; 'bears are asocial secretive animals'; 'are you asocial or do you just enjoy living in the Antarctic?') WN adj 'antisocial': 1. antisocial - (shunning contact with others; 'standoffish and antisocial'; 'he's not antisocial; just shy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Asparagine :guid "bfa5ab92-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "asparagine1n" ; :wordnet "asparagine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of compounds and a spec of #$AminoAcid. These compounds are essential for protein synthesis. Its abbreviations are Asn and N. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asparagine' in WordNet: 1. asparagine - (a crystalline amino acid found in proteins and in many plants (e.g., asparagus)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AminoAcid . :AsparagusPlant :wnsense "Asparagus officinales1n", "asparagus1n", "edible asparagus1n" ; :wordnet "Asparagus officinales", "asparagus", "edible asparagus" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asparagus' in WordNet: 1. asparagus, edible asparagus, Asparagus officinales - (plant whose succulent young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :AsparagusSpear :en "asparagus spear" ; :wnsense "asparagus2n" ; :wordnet "asparagus" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Online: \" Asparagus spears are the succulent, tender new shoots cut from the plant before the foliage unfurls. They have a high rate of respiration and a short shelf life. \" Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'asparagus' in WordNet: 2. asparagus - (edible young shoots of the asparagus plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, :VegetableFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AsparagusPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GreenColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Aspartame :guid "bd58a8d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aspartame1n" ; :wordnet "aspartame" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Aspartame, a sweetening agent used in soft drinks and other prepared foods. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aspartame' in WordNet: 1. aspartame - (an artificial sweetener made from aspartic acid; used as a calorie-free sweetener) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSweetener . :AsparticAcid :guid "bff31e75-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aspartic acid1n" ; :wordnet "aspartic acid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of compounds and a spec of #$AminoAcid. This #$NonessentialAminoAcidType is also an excitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Its abbreviations are Asp and D. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aspartic acid' in WordNet: 1. aspartic acid - (a crystalline amino acid found in proteins and occurring naturally in sugar beets and sugar cane) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AminoAcid . :AspectOfaProblem :wnsense "aspect1n", "circumstance3n", "condition6n", "consideration2n", "facet1n" ; :wordnet "aspect", "circumstance", "condition", "consideration", "facet" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AspectOfaProblem'' is a ''Feature'' (a subevent) of a Situation under consideration, especially a ProblemSituation (or a proposal to deal with the problem) that should be considered in deciding what to do about the problem. NOTE: WN has this 'consideration' as a subtype of ''Information'' but that classification would make it inconsistent with a ''PersistentState''. The aspects of a situation are represented here as ''PersistentState''s in the senses that it represents states such as 'x has this property' or 'action a could cause effect b' or 'effect c is undesirable', each of which can represent some situation that may be relevant. There may be a way to include some form of 'information' or 'assertion' in this concept. @ToDo: needs more thought. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'aspect' and sense 2 of 'consideration' in WordNet: 1. (24) aspect, facet - (a distinct feature or element in a problem; 'he studied every facet of the question') 2. (19) aspect - (a characteristic to be considered) WN noun 'consideration': 2. (11) circumstance, condition, consideration - (information that should be kept in mind when making a decision; 'another consideration is the time it would take') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feature, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemSituation ] . :Asphalt :guid "bd5902dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "asphalt2n", "mineral pitch1n" ; :wordnet "asphalt", "mineral pitch" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Wikipedia: Asphalt, also known as bitumen (UK:, US:), is a sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch. Before the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used. The word is derived from the Ancient Greek asphaltos. The largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world, estimated to contain 10 million tons, is the Pitch Lake located in La Brea in southwest Trinidad, within the Siparia Regional Corporation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'asphalt' in WordNet: 2. asphalt, mineral pitch - (a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture, :NaturalResourceSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, :SolidSubstance . :Asphyxiation :guid "c0fd4526-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "asphyxiation1n", "suffocation1n" ; :wordnet "asphyxiation", "suffocation" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Asphyxiation'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' of air-breathing animals that represents the state of having oxygen levels in the blood or ther body fluids too low to support life. Continuation of this condition for some peeriod of time (varying with the animal and other circumstances liketemperature) will lead to Death. CYC: Ailment characterized by deficiency of oxygen. If acute asphyxiation continues more than a few minutes for most animals, they will die. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asphyxiation' in WordNet: 1. suffocation, asphyxiation - (the condition of being deprived of oxygen (as by having breathing stopped); 'asphyxiation is sometimes used as a form of torture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :LackingSomething, :LifeThreateningCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anoxia ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Aspiration :en "dream for the future" ; :wnsense "ambition1n", "aspiration2n", "dream2n" ; :wordnet "ambition", "aspiration", "dream" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Aspiration'' is a 'Wish'' that envisions some FutureSituation - usually in the distant future, at least year away - that the agent doing the dreaming believes would produce some form of satisfaction or happiness. for her/himself. Usually there is one dominant 'dream' that a person will cite. @ToDo: Interesting: 'ambition' can also be in (Wordnet) a 'trait' or (in COSMO) a ''Feeling'' - consider the relations. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dream' in WordNet: 2. (8) ambition, aspiration, dream - (a cherished desire; 'his ambition is to own his own business') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :DreamComeTrue ] . :Aspirin :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C9H8O4 ; :wnsense "Bayer1n", "Empirin1n", "St. Joseph2n", "acetylsalicylic acid1n", "aspirin1n" ; :wordnet "Bayer", "Empirin", "St. Joseph", "acetylsalicylic acid", "aspirin" ; a :AcidType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Combined Role (Analgesic) and Chemical substance type. RHW: 1. Pharm. a white, crystalline substance, C9H8O4, derivative of salicylic acid, used as an anti-inflammatory agent and to relieve the pain of headache, rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, etc.; acetylsalicylic acid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aspirin' in WordNet: 1. (1) aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, Bayer, Empirin, St. Joseph - (the acetylated derivative of salicylic acid; used as an analgesic anti-inflammatory drug (trade names Bayer and Empirin) usually taken in tablet form; used as an antipyretic; slows clotting of the blood by poisoning platelets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Analgesic, :NonsteroidalAntiInflammatory, :OrganicAcid . :Aspiring :en "aspiring" ; :eng "aspiring" ; :wnsense "aim7v", "aspiration1n", "aspire1v", "draw a bead on2v", "shoot for1v" ; :wordnet "aim", "aspiration", "aspire", "draw a bead on", "shoot for" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Aspiring'' is a form of ''Intending'' where the thing intended is a challenging or ambitious goal - a ''DreamComeTrue''. This is performed by a ''Wannabe'' or a 'dreamer', or anyone with ambitions or desires to do or be something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'aspire' in WordNet: 1. (2) draw a bead on, aspire, aim, shoot for - (have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal) WN noun 'aspiration': 1. (2) aspiration - (a will to succeed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlanningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom :DreamComeTrue ] . :Ass :wnsense "ass3n" ; :wordnet "ass" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :RiddenAnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: 1. a long-eared, slow, patient, sure-footed domesticated mammal, Equus asinus, related to the horse, used chiefly as a beast of burden. in WordNet: 3. ass - (hardy and sure-footed animal smaller and with longer ears than the horse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquineAnimal, :HoofedMammal . :Assailant :wnsense "aggressor1n", "assailant1n", "assaulter1n", "attacker1n" ; :wordnet "aggressor", "assailant", "assaulter", "attacker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Assailant'' is a ''Wrongdoer'' who has physically attacked another person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assailant' in WordNet: 1. attacker, aggressor, assailant, assaulter - (someone who attacks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wrongdoer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Assault ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Assassin :wnsense "assassin1n", "assassinator1n", "bravo1n" ; :wordnet "assassin", "assassinator", "bravo" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Person'' who has performed the Crime of ''Murder'' - not just Homicide, but criminal unjustified Murder. NOTE: 'bravo' is a subtype, more specific in RHW. Some overlap with ''ContractKiller''? RHW 'bravo': 3. a daring bandit, assassin, or murderer, esp. one hired to steal or murder for another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assassin' in WordNet: 1. (6) assassin, assassinator, bravo - (a murderer (especially one who kills a prominent political figure) who kills by a treacherous surprise attack and often is hired to do the deed; 'his assassins were hunted down like animals'; 'assassinators of kings and emperors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Murderer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Assassination ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Assassination :wnsense "assassinate1v", "assassination2n" ; :wordnet "assassinate", "assassination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Assassination is a type of murder in which the victim is a politically prominent person - an elected or appointed government official, and instance of 'PublicOfficial' in COSMO (most government employees with no administrative responsibility are not PublicOfficials, though Judges are). This sense of 'Murder' is used only for goverment officials. Intuitively, killing of a politician by a deranged relative for personal reasons should not be an instance of 'assassination' - the motive should be political. But motive can be difficult to determine from simple accounts of a murder, so this type will be for any form of killing of a government official. NOTE that murder of other prominent persons, if they are not government officials, is not an instance of this type, but of its parent type 'MurderOfaProminentPerson'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'assassination' in RHW: 1. to kill suddenly or secretively, esp. a politically prominent person; murder premeditatedly and treacherously. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'assassination' and verb sense 1 of 'assassinate' in WordNet; however, in COSMO any murder of a government official qualifies, whether it is a 'surprise' attack or other, such as a poisoning. WN noun 'assassination' in WordNet: 2. assassination - (murder of a public figure by surprise attack) WN verb 'assassinate' 1. assassinate - (murder; especially of socially prominent persons; 'Anwar Sadat was assassinated because many people did not like his peace politics with Israel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Killing, :MurderOfaProminentPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Assassin ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Assault :en "assaulting" ; :wnsense "assail1v", "assault1v", "assault2n", "attack4v" ; :wordnet "assail", "assault", "attack" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Assault'' is an attempt to use force or threat to use force against a Person. This includes the technical legal definition. If a Person is actually touched or harmed, it would be a 'battery' . This sense of 'assault' includes a technical 'battery. This is a subtype of 'HarmingAnAgent', considering that even a threat to harm someone is itself harmful (which is why it's a crime). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'assault' in WordNet: 2. (1) assault - (a threatened or attempted physical attack by someone who appears to be able to cause bodily harm if not stopped) WN verb 'assault': 1. (7) assail, assault, set on, attack - (attack someone physically or emotionally; 'The mugger assaulted the woman'; 'Nightmares assailed him regularly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOnObject, :Crime, :HostileSocialAction, :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :AssemblageOfPeople :wnsense "assemblage1n", "gathering1n" ; :wordnet "assemblage", "gathering" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AssemblageOfPeople'' is any GroupOfPeople gathered together in one place, for any reason or by chance, not necessarily coordinated. Being a ''Bunch'' means having at least three members. NOTE: WN mixes in some places the GroupOfPeople gathering together and the act of gathering together. This is a ''GroupOfPeople'''. The act of assembling is a ''PublicAssembly'' or its parent ''FormalMeeting'' or ''\"SocialGathering''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assemblage' in WordNet: 1. (2) gathering, assemblage - (a group of persons together in one place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cluster, :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialGathering ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Assembling :en "assembling" ; :guid "bd58b3aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "assemble1n", "piece2v", "put together1v", "set up2v", "tack together1v", "tack3v" ; :wordnet "assemble", "piece", "put together", "set up", "tack", "tack together" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Assembling event, physical objects are combined by fastening them together in some way to produce a new object. This differs from ''Collecting'' in that the thing created in a collection is not physically linked together into one object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assemble' in WordNet: 1. (15) assemble, piece, put together, set up, tack, tack together - (create by putting components or members together; 'She pieced a quilt'; 'He tacked together some verses'; 'They set up a committee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attaching, :BuildingSomething, :ComingTogether . :Assembly :wnsense "assemblage1n", "gathering1n" ; :wordnet "assemblage", "gathering" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Assembly'' is an ''AssemblageOfPeople'' that are intentionally gathered together for a purpose. A school auditorum 'assembly' is only one common example. A crowd of demonstrators would be another. This differs from ''CrowdOfPeople'' in that a ''Crowd'' is outdoors, and an ''Assembly'' is for peaceful purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'assembly' in WordNet: 4. assembly - (a group of persons gathered together for a common purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssemblageOfPeople . :AssemblyOfMachineParts :wnsense "assembly1n" ; :wordnet "assembly" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''AssemblyOfMachineParts'' is a Group of ''MechanicalComponent''s that can be fitted together to form a ''MechanicalDevice''. This is a representation of all the parts of a dissassembled machine. But can also be used if necessary as a representation of an *assembled* machine as the sum of its parts. That would be problematic, as the interactions of the parts are lost in this representation. @mod43 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assembly' in WordNet: 1. (3) assembly - (a group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, :ObjectGroup . :AssemblyOfParts :wnsense "assembly1n" ; :wordnet "assembly" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AssemblyOfParts'' is a ''Device'' assembled from ''ArtifactObject''s that have been connected together to form a larger functional ''Device''. This differs from an ''AssemblyOfMachineParts'' in that this type represents the whole functioning assembled Device, which loses its function if dissassembled. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'assembly' in WordNet: 1. (3) assembly - (a group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObject :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ] . :AssertingAnIdentity :impliesPriorEventType :Identifying ; :wnsense "identify1v", "identify6v" ; :wordnet "identify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AssertingAnIdentity' is an AssertingEvent in which an agent states orally that a certain *individual* (object, person) is identical to some previously known individual; this Action presupposes a prior act of 'Identifying'. This is the sense in which a witness to some action asserts that s/he knows that the person who performed the action is the same as some person s/he is looking at, or the same as a person they have had previous acquaintance with. Similarly, a person may assert the idenity of some inanimate object (such as saying 'yes, that is the bracelet I lost') . For the more general sense of recognition, by any sense, use 'Identifying'. This is more specialized than 'Identifying', which can be a case of classifying into come category or identifying an indvidual Includes sense 6 and part of sense 2 of 'identify' in WordNet: 1. (33) identify, place - (recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something; 'She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster') 6. (2) identify - (consider to be equal or the same; 'He identified his brother as one of the fugitives') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingOrally, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :AssertingEvent :eng "asserting", "stating", "telling" ; :wnsense "assert1v", "state1v", "tell1v", "tell2v" ; :wordnet "assert", "state", "tell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AssertingEvent is a linguistic Communication in which an Agent creates a communication whose content is predominantly one or more LinguisticAssertions (LinguisticAssertion is an abstract MentalObject, an abstract representation of a Proposition). The language could be contructed, as a computer language. The subtype ''AssertingOrally'' has much the same meaning, but in a narrower context. This is a general type that includes verbs that may or may not include an implied preposition (to whom to assert - the indirect object): 'tell' ('tell your son') includes the 'to' but 'say' does not. 'Assert' is nonspecific as to whether a particular audience is addressed (it might be in a written document). All such meanings are included here; the language analyser will need to distinguish them in contect. See also subtypes 'Instructing' and 'Ordering'. This includes part of verb 'assert' in WordNet (but not necessarily 'categorically') and verb sense 1 of 'state' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'tell': in WordNet: WN verb 'assert': 1. (22) assert, asseverate, maintain - (state categorically) WN verb 'state': 1. (75) state, say, tell - (express in words; 'He said that he wanted to marry her'; 'tell me what is bothering you'; 'state your opinion'; 'state your name') WN verb tell: 2. (190) tell - (let something be known; 'tell them that you will be late') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LinguisticAssertion :Assertion ) ] ] . :AssertingOrally :ldoce "say", "state", "tell" ; :wnsense "narrate2v", "say1v", "state1v", "tell1v", "tell2v", "tell3v" ; :wordnet "narrate", "say", "state", "tell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of Speaking in which a LinguisticAssertion (as contrasted with a question or exclamation) is produced. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (for oral statements) of 'say', part of sense 1 of 'state' and part of senses 1,2, and 3 of 'tell' in WordNet: 1. (2593) state, say, tell - - (express in words; 'He said that he wanted to marry her'; 'tell me what is bothering you'; 'state your opinion'; 'state your name') WN verb 'tell': 2. (190) tell - (let something be known; 'Tell them that you will be late') 3. (75) tell, narrate, recount, recite - (narrate or give a detailed account of; 'Tell what happened'; 'The father told a story to his child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Speaking, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :LinguisticAssertion ] . :Assertion :wnsense "assertion1n" ; :wordnet "assertion" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An assertion is a Proposition that is expressed in one logical sentence, which can be a complex sentence formed by an 'and' (a conjunction) or by an 'or' (disjunction'), or any combination of those. It stands by itself as being evaluable as true or false. It cannot have variables in it. Factual assertions in a knowledge base will be instances of this Type. NOTE that a LinguisticAssertion is an AbstractRepresentation, but a 'LogicalSentence' is an AbstractRepresentation (of information) also. The difference is, Information-Content in this ontology must have some logical representation. NOTE that this Type represents the abstract *content* of an Assertion, not the symbolic representation. The symbolic representation of an Assertion, in a human language or logical language, is an instance of 'LinguisticAssertion'. For rules in the form if-condition-then-condition, use 'Axiom'. An 'Assertion' that has no evidence should also be classified as a 'Hypothesis'. @ToDo: as of Rev1357 the way to properly represent unsubstantiated assertions has not been determined. The relation between the substantiating evidence and the assertion?? ~~~~~~ Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'assertion' in WordNet, but that sense is closer to ''LinguisticAssertion''; WN has no specifically logical meaning: 1. (2) assertion, averment, asseveration - (a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LinguisticAssertion :Proposition :AbstractText :Phrase :InformationType :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :AssertionConfidence :takesValue :ConfidenceLevel ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """AssertionConfidence is an AttributeType that applies to assertions, and expresses a quantitative measuer of belief by the person making the assertion that the assertion is true.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :AssertionGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AssertionGroup'' is a Group consisting of Assertions (linguistic or abstract) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Assertion :LinguisticAssertion :LogicalAssertion ) ] ] . :AssertionalAttribute :takesValue :Credible, :TruthValue ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AssertionalAttribute is an AttributeType that points to an Assertion or a Question. The value of Attributes of this type will be in the form 'true' or 'false' for assertions, and 'yes' or 'no' for questions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :Assertive :isAnAttributeValueOf :LinguisticAssertion, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :SelfConfidence ; :wnsense "assertive1adj", "emphatic3adj", "forceful1adj", "forceful2adj" ; :wordnet "assertive", "emphatic", "forceful" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being ''Assertive'' inclines a person to make bold statements with confidence that they are correct. Such statements are not necessarily ''Impudent'' and offensive. In addition to characterizing a Person, this attribute value can be used to characterize statements made by such a Person, For 'forceful' meaning exerting physical force, use ''Forceful''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'assertive' and senses 1 ad 2 of 'forceful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) assertive - (inclined to bold and confident assertion; aggressively self-assured; 'an energetic assertive boy who was always ready to argue'; 'pointing directly at a listener is an assertive act') WN adj 'forceful': 1. (2) forceful - (characterized by or full of force or strength (often but not necessarily physical); 'a forceful speaker'; 'a forceful personality'; 'forceful measures'; 'a forceful plan for peace') 2. emphatic, forceful - (forceful and definite in expression or action; 'the document contained a particularly emphatic guarantee of religious liberty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Confident . :AssessingTheValueOfSomething :eng "appraising" ; :guid "bd6a2d93-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "value" ; :wnsense "appraisal1n", "appraise1v", "assess1v", "assessment1n", "evaluate1v", "valuate1v", "value1v", "value4v", "value5v" ; :wordnet "appraisal", "appraise", "assess", "assessment", "evaluate", "valuate", "value" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AssessingTheValueOfSomething' is a specialization of 'Evaluating' in which some agent tries to determine, by any means, what value some thing has; the thing can be of any type. A thing may have more than one kind of Value, the most easily recognized being MonetaryValue. CYC 'Appraising': This is the collection of #$Events in which someone (usually an #$Appraiser) estimates the amount that would be paid for a certain object either (a) if it were sold in either a retail or a wholesale context, (b) if a new one had to be bought to replace it, or (c) if one in the same condition had to be bought to replace it. For relating a #$Product to its appraised value, use #$appraisedValue. NOTE: This is a subtype of ''Observing'', assuming that the one doing the''Observing'' must be able to view the thing being assessed, directly or indirectly. Some WN senses include 'rating' probabilities, but that *probably* ;-) should be put in a separate type. Includes senses 1 and 4 and part of sense 5 of 'value' in WordNet: 1. (2) value - (fix or determine the value of; assign a value to; 'value the jewelry and art work in the estate') 4. measure, evaluate, valuate, assess, appraise, value - (place a value on; judge the worth of something; 'I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional') 5. rate, value - (estimate the value of; 'How would you rate his chances to become President?'; 'Gold was rated highly among the Romans') WN noun 'assessment'': 1. (4) appraisal, assessment - (the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessEvent, :Evaluating, :Observing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appraisal ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ; owl:someValuesFrom :Object ] . :Asset :guid "c0c575fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "asset1n" ; :wordnet "asset" ; a :AssetType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Asset is a Resource that has a net positive value. The value does not have to be monetary, but should be sufficiently concrete to leave little doubt that the person who owns the Asset actually wants to own it, and does not simply accept its ownership as an obligation. Anything that can be readily sold for money is an Asset. In the context of performing a task, any Resource that is available for use and can help to accomplish that task is an Asset. Therefore Asset, like its parent Type 'Resource' is a Role and an individual entity can be an Asset in one situation and a liability in another. Note that a military 'asset' is classified as 'MilitaryAsset' directly under 'Resource'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asset' in WordNet: 1. (1) asset, plus - (a useful or valuable quality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Property, :Resource . :AssetType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AssetType' is a metatype which is a specialization of 'ObjectType'; it can serve as type for things that have financial value.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType . :AssetValue :en "asset value" ; :enn "asset value" ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AssetValue'' is a type of ''MonetaryValue'' that specifies what quantity of money a specific asset would bring if it were sold, at some specific time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonetaryValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :atTime ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DateTimeExtendedGroup :TimeInterval ) ] ] . :AssignedPost :ldoce "post", "station" ; :wnsense "post1n", "station4n" ; :wordnet "post", "station" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AssignedPost' is a 'DesignatedPosition' (a location) where a person is expected to be located, while performing some task. The AssignedPost is often for some form of guard duty, but this term can also be used for people who are in specific locations inorder to provide information or assistance. A receptionist's desk would be his/her AssignedPost. This can be used not only for a single small area, but for the larger location consisting of the set of all locations where a guard is expected to be at some time while conducting rounds during watch duty - the entire route of a watchman's rounds; in that case, to 'not be at his post' would mean that the watchman is at no point in that set of locations. This corresponds approximately to sense 2 of 'post(2)' in RHW: 2. the station or rounds of a person on duty, as a soldier, sentry or nurse. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'post'in WordNet, but this type is broader than the Wn sense - it does not have to be guard duty, and the person on duty need not stand. in WordNet: 1. (3) post, station - (the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand; 'a soldier manned the entrance post'; 'a sentry station') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesignatedPosition . :AssignedTask :wnsense "assignment5n" ; :wordnet "assignment" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AssignedTask'' is a ''HighPriorityTask'' that is obliged by an ''Assigment'' (''Obligation''). NOTE: in WN sense 1 of 'assignment' is also work,but has been reinterpreted as an Obligation for COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'assignment' in WordNet: 5. assignment - (an undertaking that you have been assigned to do (as by an instructor)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighPriorityTask, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayBeObligedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Assignment :ObligationType ) ] ] . :AssigningAgentToRole :guid "be6bdcdc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc this was a subtype of 'Ordering', but a role assignment may in fact be the result of a request by the person performing the role, and have no flavor of compulsion. Cyc: Every instance of #$AssigningAgentToRole involves the placement of an #$Agent in a particular #$Situation, #$Role or #$Place, or some combination of the three. Some examples include placing someone in a drug rehab program, placing a child in a particular class, and placing an employee in a new location.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningEvent, :Requesting . :AssigningEvent a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AssigningEvent is a general type for any Action in which some name, value, purpose, or abstract property (such as a title or position or more general concept) is assigned to a thing, which may be abstract or concrete, animate or inanimate. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Providing . :AssigningResponsibility :en "assign responsibility", "assigning responsibility" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each AssigningResponsibility is an AssertingEvent in which an Agent asserts that some Agent (which could be the agent speaking) is responsible (in some sense) for something. Other ways to express this notion: AttributingCreditOrBlame """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributingSomethingToSomebody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :ResponsibilitySituation ] . :AssigningaResponsibility :en "assigning" ; :guid "ead11506-4618-11d8-9da6-0007e9162f49" ; :ldoce "move" ; :wnsense "assign1v", "assign4v", "delegate2v", "delegating1n", "delegation2n", "deputation2n", "depute3v", "designate2v", "move2v", "relegating1n", "relegation1n" ; :wordnet "assign", "delegate", "delegating", "delegation", "deputation", "depute", "designate", "move", "relegating", "relegation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AssigningaResponsibility' is a #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$SocialOccurrence, performed by some IntelligentAgent, in which one agent tells another agent that the second agent now has the responsibility to perform one or more Actions. The object of an 'AssigningaResponsibility' must be an IntelligentAgent capable of understanding LinguisticCommunication. This Action can be as formal as an act of HiringSomeoneToDoSomething, or as informal as a parent telling a child to clean up her room. Because it is an 'ObligationCreatingEvent', the agent doing the assigning must have some degree of authority over the person gaining the responsibility; The authority can be temporary and informal, as in a group where the group agrees to have one of the members delegate the subtasks in performing an operation. However, this type is only used for direct assignment of responsbility to individuals, **not** for creating rules to be obeyed by groups, as in the passing of a law. In Cyc called 'AssigningATask': Cyc: A specialization of Ordering-CommunicationAct. Instances of this collection are events in which a particular task (#$AssignedTaskType) are assigned to a particular agent. NOTE: the Action of assigning someone with a working task is represented by the subtype ''ChargingSomeoneWithaTask''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of verb sense 4 of 'assign' and part of verb sense 2 of 'move' (the movement of responsibility) in WordNet: WN 'assign' 1. (15) delegate, designate, depute, assign - (give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person)) 4. (7) assign, specify, set apart - (select something or someone for a specific purpose; 'The teacher assigned him to lead his classmates in the exercise') WN 'move' 2. (60) move, displace - (cause to move, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; 'Move those boxes into the corner, please'; 'I'm moving my money to another bank'; 'The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant') WN noun 'delegation': 2. delegating, delegation, relegating, relegation, deputation - (authorizing subordinates to make certain decisions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningEvent, :ObligationCreatingEvent, :Ordering, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :AssigningaRule :wnsense "assign1v", "assign4v" ; :wordnet "assign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AssigningaRule' is a #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$SocialOccurrence, performed by some IntelligentAgent, in which one agent tells another agent that the second agent now must conform his/her actions to some Rule. Since this is an ObligationCreatingEvent, a failure of the second Agent to conform to that Rule will cause some negative consequence. This is added because 'MakingaRule' by itself does not necessarily specify all agents covered by the Rule at the time of its creation. At a later time, additional agents may come under the strictures of the Rule. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of verb sense 4 of 'assign' (the movement of responsibility) in WordNet. WN 'assign' 1. (15) delegate, designate, depute, assign - (give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person)) 4. (7) assign, specify, set apart - (select something or someone for a specific purpose; 'The teacher assigned him to lead his classmates in the exercise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningEvent, :ObligationCreatingEvent, :Ordering, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ; owl:someValuesFrom :RuleForBehavior ] . :Assignment :wnsense "assignment1n" ; :wordnet "assignment" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Assignment is MentalObject within a 'IntentionalAgent' that refers to some Future Action that the agent has some form of obligation to do because it was assigned to the agent by some Authority. Unlike with a Goal, the Authority in this case cannot be the Agent itself. An Assignment may or may not coincide with a Desire - the FutureAction contempelated in an Assignment may be desired by the agent obliged to perform it, but may merely be an imposed Duty. This is an 'Obligation' @TODo: ?? An 'assignment' may not be an Obligation if there are no negative consequences from failure to perform. Does this situation occur?? Note that the Agent does not have to desire the FutureAction to occur - the Agent may be *required* to participate, may participate, if at all, only because not to participate would entail some undesirable consequences, which might be trivial (disappointing someone) or serious (loss of the Agent's life). This is somewhat similar distinction between an Intention and a Goal, but an Agent may have an Assignment yet have no Intention to perform the Assignment. The WN senses 1 and 5 both appear to be subtype of 'work', and no sense seems to be an ''Obligation'' in thesense used in COSMO. This type is interpretedas theObligation,and the obligated work is represented by sense 5 (see ''AssignedTask'') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assignment' in WordNet: 1. (7) assignment, duty assignment - (a duty that you are assigned to perform (especially in the armed forces); 'hazardous duty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, :Obligation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAssignedByAuthority ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :obligesActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom :AssignedTask ] . :Assimilating :wnsense "assimilate2v" ; :wordnet "assimilate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Assimilating'' is a ''ConformingAction'' performed by a Person of GroupOfPeople who move to a place where the culture of ethnicity or traditions differ from that prevailing where the newcomer has been. This is performed so that a Person can 'fit in' to the new environment Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'assimilate' in WordNet: 2. (2) assimilate - (become similar to one's environment; 'Immigrants often want to assimilate quickly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConformingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Newcomer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :AssimilatingInformation :wnsense "absorb2v", "assimilate1v", "ingest2v", "take in9v" ; :wordnet "absorb", "assimilate", "ingest", "take in" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AssimilatingInformation' is a subtype of ''Learning'' in which the information learned is related to other information in memory, and itself entered into the Person's memory. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'assimilate' in WordNet: 1. (2) absorb, assimilate, ingest, take in - (take up mentally; 'he absorbed the knowledge or beliefs of his tribe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Learning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PuttingIntoMemory ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ] . :AssimilationOfFood :wnsense "absorption4n", "assimilation3n" ; :wordnet "absorption", "assimilation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'assimilation' in WordNet: 3. assimilation, absorption - (the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalProcess . :Assistant :pertainsTo :Helper ; :wnsense "assistant1adj" ; :wordnet "assistant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Assistant'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Helper'' or other type of Person who assists some superior. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'assistant' in WordNet: 1. (4) adjunct, assistant - (of or relating to a person who is subordinate to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AssistantProfessor :wnsense "assistant professor1n" ; :wordnet "assistant professor" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assistant professor' in Wordnet: 1. assistant professor - (a teacher or lower rank than an associate professor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professor . :AssistingaManager :en "assisting a manager" ; :enn "assisting a manager" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AssistingaManager'' is a ''HelpingAnAgent'' where some ''Employee'' provides assistance to a ''Manager'' who is in the direct line of authority in a management hierarchy. This is often performed by a member of a ''Staff'' but can be done by ''Employee''s not considered as part of the ''Staff'', such as some 'secretarial' personnel. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Manager ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Staffer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Associate :ldoce "partner" ; :wnsense "associate1n", "partner1n", "partner2n" ; :wordnet "associate", "partner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Associate' is a Person who participates together with another person in some enterprise. This is a broad sense, which does not require direct interaction; two people can be 'associates' in a business even though they work in different divisions. For the closer working relationship requiring close collaboration, use 'Partner'. This sense includes BusinessPartners. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'associate' in WordNet: 1. (7) associate - (a person who joins with others in some activity; 'he had to consult his associate before continuing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole . :AssociateProfessor :wnsense "associate professor1n" ; :wordnet "associate professor" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'associate professor' in Wordnet: 1. (1) associate professor - (a teacher lower in rank than a full professor but higher than an assistant professor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professor . :Associated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AssociatingIdeas ; :wnsense "associated1adj", "associated2adj", "connected3adj" ; :wordnet "associated", "connected" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Associated'' is the attribute of two or more *objects (*patients) of an ''AssociatingIdeas'' action. WN sense 2 seems to be for people, and though it has some of the sense of this adjective, it might be made a subtype. The sense captured in WN sense 2 of 'associated' seems to be that represented as ''Collaborating'' in COSMO. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'associated' in WordNet: 1. (15) associated, connected - (related to or accompanying; 'Christmas and associated festivities') 2. associated - (joined in some kind of relationship (as a colleague or ally or companion etc.); 'a cabal of associated lawyers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Related . :AssociatingIdeas :ldoce "connect" ; :wnsense "associate1v", "association5n", "colligate1v", "connect2v", "connection5n", "connexion3n", "link up3v", "link1v", "relate1v", "tie in2v" ; :wordnet "associate", "association", "colligate", "connect", "connection", "connexion", "link", "link up", "relate", "tie in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AssociatingIdeas'' is an early stage of 'Reasoning' in which an IntelligentAgent recognizes that there is some relationship that connects two ideas - the 'ideas' being of any form, perhaps purely theoretical or perhaps observations of things or Events in the RealWorld. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'associate' in WordNet: 1. (26) associate, tie in, relate, link, colligate, link up, connect - (make a logical or causal connection; 'I cannot connect these two pieces of evidence in my mind'; 'colligate these facts'; 'I cannot relate these events at all') WN noun 'association': 5. (6) association, connection, connexion - (the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination; 'conditioning is a form of learning by association') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Reasoning ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConceptLinkage ] . :AssociatingWithOtherPeople :ldoce "association" ; :wnsense "affiliate2v", "associate2v", "association2n", "consort1v", "involvement5n", "participation2n" ; :wordnet "affiliate", "associate", "association", "consort", "involvement", "participation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'AssociatingWithOtherPeople' is an Action performed by a Person who in some way interacts with some other people in person, such as attending the same social gathering as another. This is very general, to express the notion of having had some personal contact without necessarily being otherwise related to another. However, to use this as a way of connecting indviduals (rather than an individual with a group) this requires some actual communication between individuals, and merely being present in the same room at the same time is not an instance of association between individuals. NOTE: 'assort' is and archaic usage and is not used as a label - too confusing. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'association' and verb sense 2 of 'associate' and noun sense 5 of 'involvement' in WordNet: 2. (32) association - (the act of consorting with or joining with others; 'you cannot be convicted of criminal guilt by association') WN verb 'associate': 2. (3) consort, associate, affiliate, assort - (keep company with; hang out with; 'He associates with strange people'; 'She affiliates with her colleagues') WN noun 'involvement': 5. participation, involvement - (the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence . :Association :guid "c07fb75c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "club", "society" ; :wnsense "association1n", "club2n", "guild1n", "lodge2n", "order8n", "social club1n", "society2n" ; :wordnet "association", "club", "guild", "lodge", "order", "social club", "society" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A spec of #$Organization. Unlike many organizations, associations are characterized by voluntary membership, and by a relatively egalitarian governance structure in which all members have at least initially an equal say in associative decisions. COSMO note: regardless of the name of a commercial Organization, no commercial organization is an Association. Each 'Association' is an organized Social or professional Group, usually having a formal charter, purpose, and operating rules. It may be purely local and for social purposes, or international and for advancement of professional interests. The social groups of WN sense 2 of 'society' are represented in the subtype 'SocialOrganization'. Includes noun sense 2 of 'society' and noun sense 1 of 'association' in WordNet: 1. (616) association - (a formal organization of people or groups of people; 'he joined the Modern Language Association') WN noun 'society': 2. (6) club, social club, society, guild, gild, lodge, order - (a formal association of people with similar interests; 'he joined a golf club'; 'they formed a small lunch society'; 'men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :AssociationAuxiliary :en "auxiliary" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AssociationAuxiliary'' is an ''Association'' that is affiliated with but not a direct suborganization of a social Association. Used among other things for women's 'auxiliaries' to all-male Organizations. NO WN sense; RHW: an organization allied with, but subsidiary to, a main body of restricted membership, esp. one composed of members' relatives: 'The men's club and the ladies' auxiliary were merged into one organization.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOrganization, :Suborganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SocialOrganization ] . :AssociationChapter :wnsense "chapter3n" ; :wordnet "chapter" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AssociationChapter'' is a local suborganization of some private sector Association, which is called a 'chapter'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chapter' in WordNet: 3. (2) chapter - (a local branch of some fraternity or association; 'he joined the Atlanta chapter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOrganization, :Suborganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SocialOrganization ] . :Assuming :wnsense "assume1v", "presume1v" ; :wordnet "assume", "presume" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Assuming'' is a type of 'Postulating' in which an IntelligentAgent creates an ''Assumption'', as a way to explain some phenomenon, and in which the agent has at least a moderate level of belief in the explanation, and uses that ''Assumption'' to conclude other possible facts. For ''Postulating'' where the level of belief is weak, use ''SuspectingSomething''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assume' in WordNet: 1. (70) assume, presume, take for granted - (take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof; 'I assume his train was late') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Postulating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Assumption ] . :AssumingAnEmployeePosition a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StaffingAnOrganization'' is a Group of ''FillingaPosition'' Actions in some Person or GrupOfPeople are assigned to some Group of ''EmploymentPosition''s in some Organization. This can be a filling of as few as one ''Position'' in an Oranization. A sentence that describes 'filling' some ''Position'' with some ''Employee'' has the ''Position'' as the direct object for this type of ''Action''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'staff' in WordNet: 1. (4) staff - (provide with staff; 'This position is not always staffed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FillingaPosition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :StaffingAnOrganization ] . :AssumingaPosition :wnsense "fill4v", "take13v" ; :wordnet "fill", "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AssumingaPosition'' is the Action performed by some Person who is appointed to an ''EmploymentPosition'' and thereby starts to perform that HumanRole, and enters the ''BeingEmployed'' state. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'fill' in WordNet: 4. (5) fill, take - (assume, as of positions or roles; 'She took the job as director of development') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfStatusEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHired ; owl:someValuesFrom :Employee ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Position ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingEmployed ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingEmployed ; owl:onProperty :starts ] . :Assumption :wnsense "assumption1n", "assumption2n", "given1n", "precondition2n", "premise1n", "presumption1n" ; :wordnet "assumption", "given", "precondition", "premise", "presumption" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Assumption' is a Hypothesis that is used as a starting point for some argument, or as the basis or justification for some Action. It is poduced bysome ''Assuming'' action. An Assumption may have any number of parts, or individual assertions. This can be used in informal discussion, or (more specifically represented by ''Premises'') in formal logical deductive process. For the 'premises' used in more formal logical reasoning, use the subtype ''Premises''. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'assumption'and sense 1 of 'premise' and noun sense 1 of 'given' in WordNet: 1. (341) premise, premiss, assumption - (a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; 'on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play') 2. (218) assumption, supposition, supposal - (a hypothesis that is taken for granted; 'any society is built upon certain assumptions') WN noun 'given': 1. (1) given, presumption, precondition - (an assumption that is taken for granted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hypothesis . :Assuring :wnsense "assure2v", "assure3v" ; :wordnet "assure" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Assuring'' is a ''StatingSomething'' in which one IntelligentAgent makes a statement to another with the goal of providing the adressee some 'assurance' about a situation. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'assure' in WordNet: 2. (9) assure, tell - (inform positively and with certainty and confidence; 'I tell you that man is a crook!') 3. (9) assure - (assure somebody of the truth of something with the intention of giving the listener confidence; 'I assured him that traveling to Cambodia was safe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FeelingOfConfidence ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Astatine :hasProtonCount "85"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "At1n", "astatine1n" ; :wordnet "At", "astatine" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A radioactive metallic element Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astatine' in WordNet: 1. astatine, At, atomic number 85 - (a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series); a decay product of uranium and thorium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Halogen, :RadioactiveSubstance . :Aster :en "aster", "asters" ; a :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Aster'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''AsterPlant''. No sense of 'aster' in Wordnet for the flower alone. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CutFlower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AsterPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFlowerOfa ] . :AsterPlant :guid "bd58bea4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aster1n" ; :wordnet "aster" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''AsterPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'aster', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Aster'' in COSMO. CYC: A plant order in the dicot subclass. includes sunflowers, daisies, etc. \"dicot Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aster' in Wordnet: 1. aster - (any of various chiefly fall-blooming herbs of the genus Aster with showy daisylike flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass, :FloweringPlant . :Asteroid :guid "bd58c1d4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "asteroid1n" ; :wordnet "asteroid" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all chunks of rock which orbit our Sun. In AstronomyMt this collection might also include asteroids outside the Solar System. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'asteroid' in WordNet: 1. asteroid - (any of numerous small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterSpaceObject . :Asthma :guid "c0fd6220-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "asthma attack1n", "asthma1n", "bronchial asthma1n" ; :wordnet "asthma", "asthma attack", "bronchial asthma" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A chronic disorder characterized by wheezing, coughing and difficulty in breathing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asthma' in WordNet: 1. asthma, asthma attack, bronchial asthma - (respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChronicCondition, :RespiratoryAilment . :Astounding :en "jaw-dropping" ; :enadj "jaw-dropping" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Amazing ; :wnsense "astounding1adj", "astounding2adj", "dumbfounding1adj", "staggering1adj", "stupefying1adj" ; :wordnet "astounding", "dumbfounding", "staggering", "stupefying" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Astounding'' is a subtype of ''Amazing'' that produces a stunned feeling. 'astounding science fiction' This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing ( + Surprising + Incredible) Astounding Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astounding' in WordNet: 1. (1) astounding, dumbfounding, dumfounding - (bewildering or striking dumb with wonder) 2. astonishing, astounding, staggering, stupefying - (so surprisingly impressive as to stun or overwhelm; 'such an enormous response was astonishing'; 'an astounding achievement'; 'the amount of money required was staggering'; 'suffered a staggering defeat'; 'the figure inside the boucle dress was stupefying') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amazing . :Astride :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :StraddlingPosture ; :wnsense "astraddle1adj", "astride1adj" ; :wordnet "astraddle", "astride" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'He rode into town astride a donkey'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'astride' in Wordnet: 1. (2) astride, astraddle - (with one leg on each side; 'she sat astride the chair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abnormal . :Astrology :guid "bfd7ea17-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "astrology1n", "star divination1n" ; :wordnet "astrology", "star divination" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Astrology'' is a 'Pseudoscience' in which it is believed that the positions of the stars at the time of one's birth (which depends on the time and place of one's birth) is systematically related to one's personality and fate. CYC: The collection of belief systems that assume the influence of instances of #$HeavenlyBody on human affairs and personality. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astrology' in WordNet: 1. astrology, star divination - (a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pseudoscience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlanetaryOrbiting ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horoscope ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] ; owl:disjointWith :Knowledge, :Science . :Astronaut :guid "bd589d75-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "astronaut1n", "cosmonaut1n", "spaceman1n" ; :wordnet "astronaut", "cosmonaut", "spaceman" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An''Astronaut'' is a ';Passenger'' who has ridden or is riding or is trained to ride in a ''Spacecraft''. This includes scientists that do not control the Spacecraft, and paying passengers that are passive in the Event. A professional Astronaut would be a specialization (or a more general type [e.g. 'SpaceTraveller'?] can be created). The CYC 'astronaut' is a professional: An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$Astronaut is a person who participates in space travel and/or conducts scientific research in space. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astronaut' in WordNet: 1. astronaut, spaceman, cosmonaut - (a person trained to travel in a spacecraft; 'the Russians called their astronauts cosmonauts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Passenger, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpaceTravel ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpaceTravel ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ] . :Astronomer :wnsense "astronomer1n", "stargazer2n" ; :wordnet "astronomer", "stargazer" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astronomer' in WordNet: 1. astronomer, uranologist, stargazer - (a physicist who studies astronomy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astronomy ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Astronomic :wnsense "astronomic2adj", "astronomical2adj", "galactic2adj" ; :wordnet "astronomic", "astronomical", "galactic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Astronomic'' is an AttributeValue usually used in a hyperbolic sense to mean 'extremely large'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'astronomic' in Wordnet: 2. astronomic, astronomical, galactic - (inconceivably large) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Huge . :Astronomical :pertainsTo :AstronomicalObject, :Astronomy ; :wnsense "astronomic1adj", "astronomical1adj" ; :wordnet "astronomic", "astronomical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Astronomical'' is the PertainingAttribute pertaining to ''Astronomy'' and things that are used in or are topics of Astronomy, such as ''AstronomicalObject'',''AstronomicalTelescope'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'astronomical' in Wordnet: 1. (1) astronomic, astronomical - (relating or belonging to the science of astronomy; 'astronomic telescope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AstronomicalBody :guid "bd58a4b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AstronomicalObject (q.v.). Each instance of #$AstronomicalBody is an astronomical object that is an individual body, as opposed to a group or system of such bodies. Specializations include #$Planet and #$Star. Note that this collection includes only natural bodies; artificially-made objects such as spaceships and communications satellites are excluded. NOTE that this type includes the Earth (as a Planet), the Sun, and Earth's Moon. NOTE that the SUMO term has been reused and specialized and does not have the same meaning as in SUMO.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AstronomicalObject . :AstronomicalEvent :en "astronomical event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event that occurs in outer space, and is a topic suitable for discussion in Astronomy. A person on the moon hitting a golf ball occurs in outer space, but is not an AstronomicalEvent. It should in principle be observable from the Earth, and affect an AstronomicalBody""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OuterSpaceLocation ] . :AstronomicalObject :guid "bd58d178-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "celestial body1n", "heavenly body1n" ; :wordnet "celestial body", "heavenly body" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: we specify that an AstronomicalObject is located in the OuterSpaceVacuum. This is a relative perspective, meaning that it is not located on the Earth - even though the Earth itself also is located in the OuterSpaceVacuum, and the Earth is an instance. Also note that we specify that an AstronomicalObject is large, so debris no larger than a large house will not be an AstronomicalObject. If they are of interest, it will be necessary to create a different category for such small outer-space objects. Note that because the Earth itself is located in the OuterSpaceVacuum, it is an AstronomicalObject. Cyc: A specialization of #$InanimateThing-Natural. The collection of all things of the types studied by astronomers. Each instance of #$AstronomicalObject is a (usually quite large) natural, inanimate object that is located in the physical universe and is not on the surface of the Earth. (But note that #$PlanetEarth itself _is_ an instance of this collection.) An #$AstronomicalObject might be either an individual heavenly body (see #$AstronomicalBody) or a group or system made up of such bodies (see e.g. #$Galaxy and #$PlanetarySystem). See also the specialization #$CelestialObject, instances of which are visible from the Earth. IN SUMO corresponds to 'AstronomicalBody' - but that term in Cyc is reserved for things that are not groups. See 'AstronomicalBody'. SUMO: The Class of all astronomical objects of significant size. It includes SelfConnectedObjects like planets, stars, and asteroids, as well as Collections like nebulae, galaxies, and constellations. Note that the planet Earth is an AstronomicalBody, but every Region of Earth is a GeographicArea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heavenly body' in WordNet: 1. (1) celestial body, heavenly body - (natural objects visible in the sky) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LargeObject, :NaturalObject, :OuterSpaceLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterSpaceVacuum ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astronomer ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding :CYC "AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding" ; :guid "be2685f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "observatory1n" ; :wordnet "observatory" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding': The collection of all instances of #$AstronomicalObservatory which are also #$ConstructionArtifacts. Astronomical instruments are housed in each #$AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding (and may even be a part of the building). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'observatory' in WordNet: 1. observatory - (a building designed and equipped to observe astronomical phenomena) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :GenericAstronomicalObservatory . :AstronomicalSatellite :en "astronomical satellite" ; :enn "astronomical satellite" ; :guid "bda65f29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "astronomy satellite1n" ; :wordnet "astronomy satellite" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all artificial satellites (#$Satellite-Device) which are designed for collecting data on celestial and astronomical phenomena. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astronomy satellite' in WordNet: 1. astronomy satellite - (a satellite equipped with a telescope to observe infrared radiation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSatellite, :GenericAstronomicalObservatory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :orbits ] . :AstronomicalTelescope :wnsense "astronomical telescope1n" ; :wordnet "astronomical telescope" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AstronomicalTelescope'' is a large ''Telescope'' used to observe ''AstronomicalObject''s. This includes infrared 'telescopes'. Not yet distinguished Radio telescope arrays??? certain arrays of neutrino or muon detectors designed for observing astronomical events? gravity wave detectors? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astronomical telescope' in WordNet: 1. astronomical telescope - (any telescope designed to collect and record electromagnetic radiation from cosmic sources) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Telescope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObservingAstronomicalObjects ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObservingAstronomicalObjects ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mirror ; owl:onProperty :mayHavePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericAstronomicalObservatory ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :Astronomy :hasSubjectOfStudy :AstronomicalObject, :Galaxy, :NonEarthPlanet, :Star ; :wnsense "astronomy1n" ; :wordnet "astronomy" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The science concerned with studying AstronomicalObject, especially those not the ''Earth''. These include stars, planets, galaxies, and Events among such Objects, including the origin and expansion of the universe. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astronomy' in WordNet: 1. (1) astronomy, uranology - (the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astronomer ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Astrophysicist :wnsense "astrophysicist1n" ; :wordnet "astrophysicist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Astrophysicist'' is a ''Physicist'' who does research on the properties of ''AstronomicalObject''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astrophysicist' in WordNet: 1. astrophysicist - (an astronomer who studies the physical properties of celestial bodies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physicist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astrophysics ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AstronomicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Astrophysics :wnsense "astrophysics1n" ; :wordnet "astrophysics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'astrophysics' in WordNet: 1. (1) astrophysics - (the branch of astronomy concerned with the physical and chemical properties of celestial bodies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astrophysicist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Asymmetric :wnsense "asymmetric1adj", "asymmetrical1adj", "asymmetrical2adj", "crooked3adj" ; :wordnet "asymmetric", "asymmetrical", "crooked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Asymmetric'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that does not have a point or line or plane of symmetry; something that is not ''Symmetric''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asymmetric' in Wordnet: 1. (2) asymmetrical, asymmetric - (characterized by asymmetry in the spatial arrangement or placement of parts or components) WN adj 'asymmetrical': 2. asymmetrical, crooked - (irregular in shape or outline; 'asymmetrical features'; 'a dress with an crooked hemline') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AsymmetricRange a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AsymmetricRange is a pair of measures that expresses the uncertainty of a measurement with two numbers, one extending above and the other below the cited mean value; for example, a measure might be expressed as '25 +4 -7 meters' meaning that the mean measured value is 25 meters, but the uncertainties of measurement are such that the true value could be as low as 18 or as high as 29 meters. Converting such an uncertainty expression to a Gaussian cannot be done properly without more information.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConfidenceInterval, :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :Asymptomatic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Healthiness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Symptom ; :isTheOppositeOf :Symptomatic ; :wnsense "asymptomatic1adj", "symptomless1adj" ; :wordnet "asymptomatic", "symptomless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Asymptomatic'' is an attribute of some ''Animal'' (usually a Person) that does not have a''Symptom'' of some specific''AilmentCondition''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'asymptomatic' in Wordnet: 1. asymptomatic, symptomless - (having no symptoms of illness or disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Asymptote :guid "c0dd9a2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "asymptote1n" ; :wordnet "asymptote" ; a :ObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Asymptote'' is a straight line on a 2-D x-y graph that represents a limiting value for the *slope* of the y variable with respect to the x variable as the x value increase toward infinity. NOTE that CYC has multiple subtypes, including ''Asymptote-BoundedAbove'', which is the most commonly used meaning - a limiting upper value for the y variable. The limit may also be a lower limit. Corresponds to the generic noun sense 1 of 'asymptote' in WordNet: 1. asymptote - (a straight line that is the limiting value of a curve; can be considered as tangent at infinity; 'the asymptote of the curve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StraightLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LimitingValue ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Asymptote-BoundedAbove :guid "bf053f3d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "asymptote1n" ; :wordnet "asymptote" ; a :ObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The line parallel to the x-axis of a curve, representing the upper bound of the y-variable for some x-y function. This is often interpreted as the actual y-value represented by that line (logically a different concept, not yet represented). Corresponds to a subtype of the generic noun sense 1 of 'asymptote' in WordNet: 1. asymptote - (a straight line that is the limiting value of a curve; can be considered as tangent at infinity; 'the asymptote of the curve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asymptote . :AtAllTimes a :TimeInterval . :AtRisk :isTheOppositeOf :Secure ; :wnsense "endangered1adj" ; :wordnet "endangered" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Objects that are in danger of loss or harm. For Objects having little risk of loss or harm, use 'Secure'. For situations presenting a risk of loss or harm, use 'Risky'. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'endangered' in WordNet: 1. endangered - ((of flora or fauna) in imminent danger of extinction; 'an endangered species') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient . :AtSea :en "asea", "at sea", "on the sea" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AtSea'' is an Object that is a ''RelativeLocation'' meaning that something located there is on a ''Sea'' (which includes Oceans and adjacent arms of the sea, as well as bodies of water large enough that one can be too far from land to swim there easily. Corresponds tro sense 2 of 'asea' in RHW: asea: 'at sea. See sea (def. 10)'. There is no similar sense of 'at sea' in WordNet. The WN adverb 'asea' seems to have a directional sense rather than locational: WN 'asea': 1. seaward, seawards, asea, toward the sea - (in the direction of the sea; 'the sailor looked seaward') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorObject, :Sea . :AtemporalRole a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'AtemporalRole' is an abstract or concrete entity that is defined by its 'part' relation to other entities, but is not a TemporalThing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEntity . :Atheism :hasBeliever :Atheists ; :hasTopic :GodDoesNotExist ; :wnsense "atheism1n", "atheism2n" ; :wordnet "atheism" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'atheism' in WordNet: 1. atheism, godlessness - (the doctrine or belief that there is no God) 2. atheism - (a lack of belief in the existence of God or gods) """ . :AtheismGeneric :wnsense "atheism1n", "atheismn", "godlessness1n" ; :wordnet "atheism", "godlessness" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AtheismGeneric'' is the generic type including all specific forms of 'atheism' - the belief that the 'God' of the Bible does not exist is one, and the belief that there is no creator of this universe is a dfferent belief. Other forms can be defined. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'atheism' in WordNet: 1. atheism, godlessness - (the doctrine or belief that there is no God) 2. atheism - (a lack of belief in the existence of God or gods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Religion . :Atheist :guid "bdb2baf4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "atheist1n" ; :wordnet "atheist" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who are athiests. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atheist' in WordNet: 1. (1) atheist - (someone who denies the existence of god) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonReligiousPerson . :Atheists :en "atheists" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "atheist1n" ; :wordnet "atheist" ; a :BeliefGroup ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to the plural of noun sense 1 of 'atheist' in WordNet: 1. (1) atheist - (someone who denies the existence of god) """ . :Atherosclerosis :guid "c0ee1408-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "atherosclerosis1n", "coronary artery disease1n" ; :wordnet "atherosclerosis", "coronary artery disease" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Atherosclerosis''is a subtype of ''ArterioSclerosis'' RHW: a common form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substances form a deposit of plaque on the inner lining of arterial walls. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atherosclerosis' in WordNet: 1. atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease - (a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArterioSclerosis . :Athlete :guid "bd58befb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "athlete1n" ; :wordnet "athlete" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that this type is for Atletes who do not just train for physical fitness or to test their own skils,but in order to compete in some athletic Contest. CYC: A collection of persons. Each instance of #$Athlete is a person who trains to compete in contests involving physical agility, stamina, or strength. Note that in the #$JobMt, #$Athlete is a subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation (q.v.), and hence in that microtheory represents the collection of professional athletes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'athlete' in WordNet: 1. (7) athlete, jock - (a person trained to compete in sports) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contestant, :Entertainer, :HumanRole, :Person, :SocialBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SportsEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Athletic :pertainsTo :Athlete, :AthleticActivity, :AthleticField ; :wnsense "athletic1adj" ; :wordnet "athletic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Athletic'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''AthleticActivity'' and things (locations) associated with athletics.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'athletic' in WordNet: 1. (3) athletic - (relating to or befitting athletics or athletes; 'athletic facilities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AthleticActivity :guid "be01fe5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "athletics1n", "sport1n" ; :wordnet "athletics", "sport" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: solitary exercise such as calisthenics is included in this type, as well as game-like athletics. This also includes gymnastics and acrobatics: see ''AcrobaticManeuver''. Cyc: A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$AthleticActivity is a purposeful, physical human activity that is related to the playing of some sport, involves physical exertion, and tends to require strength and stamina. This collection is not limited to competitive sports events, but also includes non-competitive sports activities and exercising (e.g. spelunking, going for a jog, or shooting a few hoops). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'athletics' in WordNet: 1. (1) sport, athletics - (an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :AthleticCoach :wnsense "coach1n", "handler3n", "manager2n" ; :wordnet "coach", "handler", "manager" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a trained (not necessarily professional) 'coach'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coach' in WordNet: 1. (20) coach, manager, handler - ((sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Professional-Adult, :Trainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ; owl:someValuesFrom :AthleticActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoachingAthletes ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :AthleticField :guid "bd58b73d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "athletic field1n", "field8n", "playing area1n", "playing field2n" ; :wordnet "athletic field", "field", "playing area", "playing field" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject which contains a Field or 'court' (e.g. basketball court, tennis court, hockey court) prepared in some way for playing a sport, and may have other facilities such as stands, indoor concessions, etc.. The Field it contains may be in an outdoor or indoor location, and does not need to be reified. (It can be anything solid to support players: grass, boards, ice, whatever) Cyc: Where ShotPutSportsEvents, LongJumps, and other field sports occur. See the specs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'athletic field' in WordNet: 1. playing field, athletic field, playing area, field - (a piece of land prepared for playing a game; 'the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :SportsFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :SportType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Field ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :AthleticFieldPart a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AthleticFieldPart'' is a flat portion of Ground that is one defined part of an ''AthleticField'', that that can be distinguished from other parts. See 'BaseballDiamond' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :SportsFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :SportType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AthleticField ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :AtlanticOcean :hasMassInGrams "3.32E23"^^xsd:float ; :occupiesTheRegion :AtlanticOceanRegion ; a :Ocean ; rdfs:comment """The whole Atlantic, North and South,excluding adjacent seas. This is the physical object consisting of lots of water. For the region of space in which the AtlanticOcean is located, use 'AtlanticOceanRegion'.""" . :AtlanticOceanRegion a :BodyOfSaltWater, :HabitatArea . :Atlas :wnsense "atlas2n", "book of maps1n", "map collection1n" ; :wordnet "atlas", "book of maps", "map collection" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Atlas'' is a ''ReferenceWork'' primarly containing maps and related material. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'atlas' in WordNet: 2. atlas, book of maps, map collection - (a collection of maps in book form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReferenceWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeographicMap ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ] . :Atmospheric :pertainsTo :AtmosphericWaterVapor, :EarthsAtmosphere ; :wnsense "atmospheric1adj", "atmospherical1adj" ; :wordnet "atmospheric", "atmospherical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Atmospheric'' is the PertainingAttribute pertaining to ''EarthsAtmosphere'' and Events that occur there, and components of and characteristics of ''EarthsAtmosphere''. 'atmospheric moisture'; 'atmospheric nitrogen' 'atmospheric temperature' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'atmospheric' in Wordnet: 1. (2) atmospheric, atmospherical - (relating to or located in the atmosphere; 'atmospheric tests') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AtmosphericEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An Event that occurs in Earth's atmosphere." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :AtmosphericPressure :takesValue :PressureMeasure ; :wnsense "air pressure1n", "atmospheric pressure1n" ; :wordnet "air pressure", "atmospheric pressure" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: this 'air pressure' is *not* the 'air pressure' in a tire. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atmospheric pressure' in WordNet: 1. (2) atmospheric pressure, air pressure - (the pressure exerted by the atmosphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GasPressure . :AtmosphericWaterVapor :en "atmospheric humidity" ; a :GaseousSubstanceType, :WaterSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AtmosphericWaterVapor'' is ''WaterVapor'' in the ''EarthsAtmosphere'' within some region of the Earth.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterVapor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ] . :Atoll :guid "bd58d909-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "atoll1n" ; :wordnet "atoll" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An''Atoll'' is a ''CoralReef'' protruding significantly above the water surface, in a circlular or nearly circular formation, enclosing a 'lagoon' CYC: A coral island consisting of a reef surrounding a lagoon. RHW: a ring-shaped coral reef or a string of closely spaced small coral islands, enclosing or nearly enclosing a shallow lagoon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atoll' in WordNet: 1. atoll - (an island consisting of a circular coral reef surrounding a lagoon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoralReef, :Island, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lagoon ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-Ringlike ] . :Atom :guid "bd5891ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "atom" ; :wnsense "atom1n" ; :wordnet "atom" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ChemicalObject. Each instance of #$Atom is a microscopic-scale object with exactly one atomic nucleus (see #$AtomicNucleus) and some number of electrons (see #$Electron). A typical instance of #$Atom has no net charge, i.e., it has as many instances of #$Electron as it does of #$Proton. For the collection of atoms that do have non-zero charges, see #$MonoatomicIon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atom' in WordNet: 1. (51) atom - ((physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :AtomicNucleus ] . :AtomGram :en "gram atom" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """MassMeasure that is also known as the gram-atom. Defined as the mass in grams of 1 Mole of pure substance. For example, 1 AtomGram of Carbon 12 will be 12 Grams of pure Carbon 12. 2 AtomGrams of the same substance will be 24 Grams of it. This is an unusual unit in that it is essentially 1 Mole of 'stuff' measured in grams, so that the actual value (i.e. mass) depends on the type of substance. RHW 'gram atom': the quantity of an element whose weight in grams is numerically equal to the atomic weight of the element. Also called gram atomic weight """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassMeasure . :AtomGroup a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of ChemicalObject. Each instance of AtomGroup is a microscopic-scale object with at least two atomic nuclei, covalently bonded so that some path of covalent bonds links each atom in the group to all the others. The group may constitute an intact neutral molecule, or an ion, or a fragment broken off from a molecule that is an ion or free radical, or merely a designation of some group of atoms that is in place as part of a larger molecule. In the last case, a common type of AtomGroup is a functional group such as a hydroxy (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), or sulfhydryl (-SH) group. The atoms of a ring in an organic compound would also constitute another interesting AtomGroup.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalObject . :Atomic :pertainsTo :Atom, :AtomicBomb, :FissionWeapon, :HydrogenBomb, :NuclearExplosion, :NuclearWeapon ; :wnsense "atomic1adj", "atomic2adj", "nuclear1adj" ; :wordnet "atomic", "nuclear" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Atomic'' pertains to ''Atom''s and things that are associated with or derived from or directly depend on ''Atom''s especially atomic energy and atomic weapons, and 'atomic clocks'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'atomic' in WordNet: 1. (4) atomic - (of or relating to or comprising atoms; 'atomic structure'; 'atomic hydrogen') 2. (1) nuclear, atomic - ((weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy; 'nuclear war'; 'nuclear weapons'; 'atomic bombs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AtomicBomb :guid "c10c364a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "A-bomb1n", "atom bomb1n", "atomic bomb1n", "fission bomb1n", "plutonium bomb1n" ; :wordnet "A-bomb", "atom bomb", "atomic bomb", "fission bomb", "plutonium bomb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all bombs that derive their explosive force from fission, the energy released by the splitting apart of atoms (usually of plutonium or enriched uranium) NOTE: 'plutonium bomb' should be a subtype. Create if distinction is needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atomic bomb' in WordNet: 1. (2) atom bomb, atomic bomb, A-bomb, fission bomb, plutonium bomb - (a nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission (splitting the nuclei of a heavy element like uranium 235 or plutonium 239)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FissionWeapon, :NuclearBomb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Powerful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NuclearFission ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :AtomicNucleus :guid "bd58a3d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nucleus2n" ; :wordnet "nucleus" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that a nucleus is always part of an atom; if accelerated in a form that strips the electrons, either the atom is highly ionized or it is considered as a subatomic particle (not resolved yet). Cyc: A specialization of #$MicroscopicScaleObject. Each instance of #$AtomicNucleus is an object composed of some definite number of instances of #$Proton and some definite number of instances of #$Neutron. Each instance of #$Atom has exactly one instance of #$AtomicNucleus as a part. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nucleus' in WordNet: 2. (5) nucleus - (the positively charged dense center of an atom) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChargedParticle, :SubatomicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Atom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proton ] . :AtomicSymbol :hasNamespacePrefix :CHEM_ ; a :ContextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AtomicSymbol is a ChemicalFormula representing one atom of a chemical element, Chemical formulas should use the 'CHEM_' namespace prefix, so as to minimize ambiguity, even if the bare formula appears unambiguous. Thus Boron has the AtomicSymbol 'CHEM_B'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalFormula . :Atomizer :wnsense "atomiser1n", "atomizer1n", "nebuliser1n", "nebulizer1n", "spray2n", "sprayer2n" ; :wordnet "atomiser", "atomizer", "nebuliser", "nebulizer", "spray", "sprayer" ; a :ContainerType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container for storing and dispensing liquids by converting the liquid into a fine mist - whether for direct inhalation (as for medicines), or for spraying on the body (as for perfume) or to disperse the liquid into the air, or to spray paint or ink onto a surface (as with the subtype ''Airbrush'').. This includes dispensers that are hand-powered as well as those that work on electricity. The maximum size of the liquid droplets generated is only suggested by the fact that the drops in a ''Mist'' need to *not* settle quickly to the ground. Thus a water sprfayer for watering the lawn would not be an instance. Note that the restrictions combined specify that an ''Atomizer'' creates a ''Mist'' which, by implication has a liquid component of the same substance as the contained liquid. To be more explicit requires @FOL. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atomizer ' in Wordnet: 1. atomizer, atomiser, spray, sprayer, nebulizer, nebuliser - (a dispenser that turns a liquid (such as perfume) into a fine mist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Dispenser, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mist ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :AtrialFibrillation :wnsense "atrial fibrillation1n" ; :wordnet "atrial fibrillation" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AtrialFibrillation'' is an ''Arrhythmia'' in which the beating Action of the Atrium of the Heart is rapid and fails to pump blood into the Ventrical at proper intervals. Can cause pooling of blood in the atrium with blood clotting leading to ''Stroke-PhysiologicalCondition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atrial fibrillation' in WordNet: 1. atrial fibrillation - (fibrillation of the muscles of the atria of the heart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrhythmia, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stroke-PhysiologicalCondition ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Atrocious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Atrocity ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Cruel ; :wnsense "atrocious1adj", "flagitious1adj", "grievous4adj", "heinous1adj", "monstrous2adj" ; :wordnet "atrocious", "flagitious", "grievous", "heinous", "monstrous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'atrocious' in Wordnet: 1. atrocious, flagitious, grievous, heinous, monstrous - (shockingly brutal or cruel; 'murder is an atrocious crime'; 'a grievous offense against morality'; 'a grievous crime'; 'no excess was too monstrous for them to commit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cruel . :Atrocity :isAnActionDisposedByTendency :Cruelness ; :wnsense "atrocity2n", "inhumanity2n" ; :wordnet "atrocity", "inhumanity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'atrocity' in WordNet: 2. atrocity, inhumanity - (an act of atrocious cruelty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CruelAct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Atrocious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Atropine :guid "a46b2d90-ab49-41d7-94ea-f6f3a7b9d875" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C17H23NO3 ; :wnsense "atropine1n" ; :wordnet "atropine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A chemical used to treat exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting substances. RHW: a poisonous crystalline alkaloid, C17H23NO3, obtained from belladonna and other plants of the nightshade family, that prevents the response of various body structures to certain types of nerve stimulation: used chiefly to relieve spasms, to lessen secretions, and, topically, to dilate the pupil of the eye. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atropine' in WordNet: 1. atropine - (a poisonous crystalline alkaloid extracted from the nightshade family; used as an antispasmodic and to dilate the eye pupil; also administered in large amounts as an antidote for organophosphate nerve agents or organophosphate insecticides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkaloid, :Poison . :Attache :wnsense "attache1n" ; :wordnet "attache" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Attache'' is a Person working in a diplomatic mission who specializes in some area of interest to the government. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attache' in WordNet: 1. attache - (a specialist assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diplomat, :Specialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiplomaticBuilding ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :AttachedClip :en "attached clip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AttachedClip'' is a ''Clip'' for holding papers but is attached to a larger object that may be vertically aligned,or moved arond like a ''Clipboard'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clip, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Device ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :AttachedPin :wnsense "pin9n" ; :wordnet "pin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pin''' that is attached to another object to allow attaching the larger object to something else - commonly a piecce of clothing. This is the 'pin' that allows attachment of various things such as badges, brooches and other jewelry pieces, medals, or any other small object to anything soft enough and rigid enough to accept a pin insertion. The ''AttachedPin'' can be similar to a ''SafetyPin'' and be attached by the non-sharp part of the loop (e.g. soldered) to another e.g. metal object, or it can be a straight pin that is attached by one end to the object, with a built-in catch to hold the other end of the pin when its host object is fastened to its target place of display. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'pin' in Wordnet: 9. pin - (a small slender (often pointed) piece of wood or metal used to support or fasten or attach things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :Pin, :SomethingToWearPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PinnableObject ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Attaching :en "attaching", "joining" ; :eng "fastening" ; :ldoce "fasten", "join" ; :wnsense "attach1v", "join2v" ; :wordnet "attach", "join" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Process where one Object becomes attached to another Object by deliberate action; this Action does not necessarily use a Fastener (e.g. welding); for Attaching that uses a ''Fastener'', use 'Fastening'. Note that Combining is different from Attaching in that the former applies to Substances, while the latter applies to CorpuscularObjects. Note too that Attaching is different from Putting in that one or both of the two things which are attached may or may not be moved from the location where they were combined. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'attach' and verb seense 2 of 'join' and part of sense 1 (for physical objects only)1 of 'fasten' in WordNet: 1. (23) attach - (cause to be attached) 1. (13) fasten, fix, secure - (cause to be firmly attached; 'fasten the lock onto the door'; 'she fixed her gaze on the man') WN verb 'join': 2. (18) join, bring together - (cause to become joined or linked; 'join these two parts so that they fit together') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttachmentEvent, :PurposefulAction . :AttachingDevice :isaSynonymOf :Fastener ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The SUMO term for the concept 'Fastener' in this ontology..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Attachment :wnsense "attachment2n" ; :wordnet "attachment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any device that is attached or designed to be attached to another, usually larger PhysicalObject. NOTE that the restriction requires that for each Attachment, the thing it is typically attached to and the type of Connector used to attach it must be specified. This is a Role that certain ''PhysicalObject''s play - a Role if they are not specifically designed as an attachment to a certain type of object. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'attachment' in WordNet: 2. (1) attachment - (a supplementary part or accessory) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :PhysicalPartOfObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyConnectedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyConnectedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :AttachmentEvent :guid "c13bcc68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "connect" ; :wnsense "attach1v", "attach3v" ; :wordnet "attach" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which one object becomes attached to another, whether as a deliberate action, or by some natural process. This may involve fasteners of some sort. in which case one should use the specialization 'Fastening'. or processes in which no fasteners are used, e.g. magnets moving together, two objects rusting together, chemical bonding. For intentional actions that are AttachmentEvents, use 'Attaching'. For 'Attaching' with a 'Fastener' use 'Fastening'. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'attach', and includes sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (23) attach - (cause to be attached) 3. (3) attach - (become attached; 'The spider's thread attached to the window sill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connecting . :AttackDog :wnsense "attack dog1n" ; :wordnet "attack dog" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attack dog' in WordNet: 1. attack dog - (a watchdog trained to attack on command) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Watchdog, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trained ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Assault ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :AttackOfAnAilment :wnsense "attack2n" ; :wordnet "attack" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AttackOfAnAilment'' is the more or less sudden (e.g. within a few days to almost instantaneously) ocurrence of a bodily Event that causes some ''AilmentCondition'' This may or may not be a ''HealthEmergency'', depending on the severity of the Ailment. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'attack' in WordNet: 2. (177) attack - (a sudden occurrence of an uncontrollable condition; 'an attack of diarrhea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OnsetOfAnAilment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AttackOnObject :guid "bdb7f301-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "attack" ; :wnsense "attack1n", "attack1v" ; :wordnet "attack" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is used as the most generic sense of ''attack' on a PhysicalObject, including more specific types of attack as subtypes. CYC: A specialization of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$AttackOnObject. Each instance of #$AttackOnObject is an action intentionally performed by an actor or actors (see #$performedBy) with the goal (see #$purposeInEvent) that the action damages (see #$damages) the object attacked (see #$objectAttacked). The object that is attacked in an instance of #$AttackOnObject need not be a tangible object - for example, it could be a web site or a person's character. For attacks against tangible objects, see the more specialized collection, #$AttackOnTangible. The sense of criticism is not included here; for the act of criticizing, use 'Criticizing'l for the content, use 'Criticism'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'attack' in WordNet: 4. (107) attack, attempt - (the act of attacking; 'attacks on women increased last year'; 'they made an attempt on his life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :Stimulus . :Attempt :en "give it a shot", "have a go at it", "make an attempt", "make an effort", "make an effort at", "take a shot", "take a shot at it" ; :ldoce "attempt", "effort", "shot", "try" ; :wnsense "attempt1n", "attempt1v", "effort1n", "give it a try1v", "give it a try2v", "give it a whirl1v", "have a go1v", "shot1n", "shot9n", "stab3n", "try1n", "try1v" ; :wordnet "attempt", "effort", "give it a try", "give it a whirl", "have a go", "shot", "stab", "try" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Attempt' is a single action that may be , *relatively* brief, in which an agent tries to accomplish some specific thing; this differs from the more generic 'AttemptingActivity' in not including complex series of actions that have a goal, such as a research effort. This can represent,for example, one toss of a horseshoe at the pole, or one swing of a baseball bat, or one shot at a target. Includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'attempt', nouns senses 1 and 9 of 'shot' (informal usage), verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'try', and noun sense 1 of 'effort' in WordNet: WN verb 'attempt' 1. (50) try, seek, attempt, essay, assay - - (make an effort or attempt; 'He tried to shake off his fears'; 'The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps'; 'The police attempted to stop the thief; 'He sought to improve himself'; 'She always seeks to do good in the world') WN noun 'attempt': 1. (49) attempt, effort, endeavor, endeavour, try - - ('earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something'; 'made an effort to cover all the reading material'; 'wished him luck in his endeavor'; 'she gave it a good try') WN noun 'shot': 1. (759) shot - - (an attempt to score in a game) 9. (58) shot, stab - - (informal words for any attempt or effort; 'he gave it his best shot'; 'he took a stab at forecasting') WN verb 'give it a try': 1. give it a whirl, give it a try - (try; 'let's give it a whirl!') 2. have a go, give it a try - (make an attempt at something; 'I never sat on a horse before but I'll give it a go') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity . :Attempted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AttemptingActivity ; :wnsense "attempted1adj" ; :wordnet "attempted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Attempted'' is the attribute of some Action or state that was the Goal of some other Action. Thus an ''attempted murder'' means that ''urder' was the goal of the Action categorized as an ''attempted murder''. In gneral an 'attempted X' is an Action that might be an X, or if the attempt fails, would not be an X. NOTE: using the relation 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced' for an action that was attempted (and failed) is stretching the usual usage for direct objects that are ''Object''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'attempted' in WordNet: 1. (2) attempted - (tried unsuccessfully; 'attempted murder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Possible . :AttemptedTherapeuticProcess :en "attempt at therapy", "attempted healing", "attempted therapy" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AttemptedTherapeuticProcess'' is an ''#AttemptingActivity'' that is any Action that is performed in an attempt to cure some ''AilmentCondition'', whether modern professional, amateurish, folk traditional, or religious (faith healing) or magical (witch doctors,shamans). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :HealthCareEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadAnimalTreated ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HealingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :AttemptingActivity :guid "c051fbe3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "attempt", "effort", "try" ; :wnsense "assay2v", "attempt1n", "attempt1v", "effort1n", "endeavor2n", "endeavour2n", "essay1v", "seek3v", "try1n", "try1v" ; :wordnet "assay", "attempt", "effort", "endeavor", "endeavour", "essay", "seek", "try" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the LogicalFunction 'attempted' in COSMO serves the same purpose as the Cyc '#$AttemptingFn'. To specify 'an attempted XXX', create an instance of this type (?ATTEPT), and link it to the XXX by the relation 'hasAttemptedAction' {?ATTEMPT hasAttemptedAction ?XXX} Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$AttemptingActivity is an event in which an agent attempts (whether successfully or not) to perform some type of action: attempts to use a telephone, attempts to solve a math problem, attempts to go to the store. Specializations of this collection can be created on the fly via #$AttemptingFn (q.v.). This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attempt' and sense 1 of 'effort' and sense 1 of 'try'; and verb sense 1 of 'attempt' in WordNet: 1. (49) attempt, effort, endeavor, endeavour, try - (earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something; 'made an effort to cover all the reading material'; 'wished him luck in his endeavor'; 'she gave it a good try') WN verb 'try': 1. (345) try, seek, attempt, essay, assay - (make an effort or attempt; 'He tried to shake off his fears'; 'The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps'; 'The police attempted to stop the thief'; 'He sought to improve himself'; 'She always seeks to do good in the world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :AttemptingToPersuade a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AttemptingToPersuade'' is an.''AttemptingActivity'' in which the agent performing the ''AttemptingToPersuade'' tries to convince another agent to perform some Action, whether simply to believe something or to take some physical action. This is the sort of thing that Lobbyists, proselytizers and other ''Persuader''s do as part of their job. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersuadingToAct ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Explaining ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Persuader ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :AttemptingToStrikeSomething a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AttemptingToStrikeSomething' is a Action in which a Person attempts in any of several ways to impact one object into another. This can be any form of ''Propelling'', such as shooting an arrow, a bullet, or a throwing something at a target, or swinging one's arm at another Person or Object, or swinging or throwing an object that is intended to hit another Object, such as beating an animal with a club, or chopping woodwith an axe. This is very general. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attempt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StrikingAnObjectEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :Attendee :wnsense "attendant2n", "attendee1n", "attender3n", "meeter1n" ; :wordnet "attendant", "attendee", "attender", "meeter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Attendee' is the Role of a Person who is present at some Event, usually but not necessarily a meeting. In some senses disjoint with 'absentee'. NOTE: ?Need this be 'physically present? remote attendees?? Not distinguished here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'absentee' in WordNet: 1. attendant, attender, attendee, meeter - (a person who is present and participates in a meeting; 'he was a regular attender at department meetings'; 'the gathering satisfied both organizers and attendees') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Participant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Present-NotAbsent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :SocialGathering ] . :Attendees a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Attendees'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that were present (for some interval of time) at a ''SocialGathering''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :LocalGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Attendee ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Attender :wnsense "attendant1n", "attender2n", "tender2n" ; :wordnet "attendant", "attender", "tender" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Attender''is a ''Helper'' whose function is to be available to help other people when needed, rather than performing some task regularly. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'attender' in WordNet: 2. attendant, attender, tender - (someone who waits on or tends to or attends to the needs of another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Helper . :AttendingTheSameClass :en "attending the same class" ; :enn "attending the same class" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AttendingTheSameClass'' is an 'AssociatingWithOtherPeople' in which two or more ''Person''s are all (or both) present in at least one classroom where some specific ''CourseOfInstruction'' is being taught at some specific ''EducationalOrganization'' during the same ''SchoolSession'' at the same ''SchoolSessionTime''. NOTE; two people who are ''Classmates'' of each other will perform some *instance* of this Action """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssociatingWithOtherPeople, :AttendingaClass, :TakingaCourse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClassroomAttendees ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ; owl:someValuesFrom :CourseOfInstruction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :EducationalOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ; owl:someValuesFrom :SchoolSessionTime ] . :AttendingaClass :en "attending", "attending class", "attending school", "going to", "going to class" ; :wnsense "attend1v", "go to1v" ; :wordnet "attend", "go to" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AttendingaClass'' is an ''AttendingaSocialEvent'' used for formal attendance of a ''Student'' in a ''Classroom'' (which could be temporary or ad hoc, as in a gym) at some ''School''. The ''GenericLocation'' is left as a possibility for classes that are held outdoors on a sunny day. This Action can represent the action of a single Studentor of any group of Students attending the same''ClassSession''. The ''Teacher' participates in the ''ClassSesson'' of which this Action is a SubEvent. No specific sense in WN for attending class - use the more generic: Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'attend' in WordNet: 1. (84) attend, go to - (be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.; 'She attends class regularly'; 'I rarely attend services at my church'; 'did you go to the meeting?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttendingaSocialEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClassSession ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Student :ClassroomAttendees ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :SchoolBuilding :Classroom ) ] ] . :AttendingaSocialEvent :en "going to" ; :wnsense "attend1v", "attendance1n", "attending2n", "go to1v" ; :wordnet "attend", "attendance", "attending", "go to" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AttendingaSocialEvent'' is a subtype of ''BeingPresent'' (a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'') used for a ''Person''s who are *intentionally* ''Present-NotAbsent'' at some ''Event-Organized'' (being held at some Location). Not for bystanders. This is not necessarily attending a ''SocialGathering'' which would be for relaxation, meeting people, or entertainment. \"Event-Organized\" Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'attend' in WordNet: 1. (84) attend, go to - (be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.; 'She attends class regularly'; 'I rarely attend services at my church'; 'did you go to the meeting?') WN noun 'attendance': 1. (2) attendance, attending - (the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingPresent, :Participation, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event-Organized ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ] . :Attentive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :PayingAttention ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inattentive ; :wnsense "attentive1adj" ; :wordnet "attentive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'attentive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) attentive - ((often followed by 'to') giving care or attention; 'attentive to details'; 'the nurse was attentive to her patient'; 'an attentive suitor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awake . :Attesting :wnsense "attest2v" ; :wordnet "attest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Attesting''is an ''Affirming'' in which the object of the Action is attested (affirmed) to be authentic or of the required quality. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'attest' in WordNet: 2. (1) attest - (authenticate, affirm to be true, genuine, or correct, as in an official capacity; \"I attest this signature\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affirming . :Attic :wnsense "attic1n" ; :wordnet "attic" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One floor ('storey') of a Building, which is located directly under the roof, and has space to walk arond in (thus distinguishing it from a from a crawl space under the roof). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) loft, attic, garret - (floor consisting of open space at the top of a house just below roof; often used for storage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Storey, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roof ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyBelow ] . :Attire :wnsense "attire1n", "dress2n", "garb1n" ; :wordnet "attire", "dress", "garb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Attire'' is any one item or set of ''Clothing'' that is worn for some particular purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attire' in WordNet: 1. (2) attire, garb, dress - (clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion; 'formal attire'; 'battle dress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialOccurrence ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Attitude :wnsense "attitude1n" ; :wordnet "attitude" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling that disposes a person to appraise things or to view things in some specific way. This is vague but does describe an observable tendency toward some types of things. NOTE that a ''Tendency'' is an Attribute and this type is a ''FeelingType'' (EventType) ; each instance of ''Attitude'' will exhibit some subtype of ''Tendency''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attitude' in WordNet: 1. (65) attitude, mental attitude - (a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways; 'he had the attitude that work was fun') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehavioralDisposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tendency ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AttorneyGeneral :guid "ecfbc9ba-7a62-41d7-84e2-92764b411bd2" ; :wnsense "attorney general1n" ; :wordnet "attorney general" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all heads of law-enforcement departments who also officially represent the executive of the government in court cases, although such representation may normally handled through underlings. SUMO: The head law officer of a GeopoliticalRegion, usually a Nation or StateOrProvince. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attorney general' in WordNet: 1. (3) attorney general - (the chief law officer of a country or state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CabinetOfficer, :Lawyer . :AttractingEvent :ldoce "attract" ; :wnsense "attract2v" ; :wordnet "attract" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttractingEvent is a ForceTransmissionEvent in which one object causes a force to be felt by another object, when the two objects are not touching. The attracting force may or may not cause the other object to move, depending on its situation. The holding of each heavier-than-air object to the Earth by gravity is an AttractingEvent. Other examples are the magnetic attraction that causes magnets to stick to refrigerators and the rotor of an electric motor to move, and the electrical attraction that propels beams of electrons in a TV tube. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'attract' in WordNet: 2. (7) attract - (exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away; 'the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForceTransmissionEvent . :AttractingPeople :ldoce "attract", "draw" ; :wnsense "appeal3v", "attract1v", "attract3v", "draw26v" ; :wordnet "appeal", "attract", "draw" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AttractingPeople' is an Event or state in which some Attractive entity (Object, Event, Place) cause people to pay attention. This is the characteristic 'behavior' of an 'AttractiveThing'. This can also be expressed by saying that the thing that attracts people is 'Attractive'. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'attract' and verb sense 3 of 'appeal' and verb sense 26 of 'draw' in WordNet: 1. (23) attract, pull, pull in, draw, draw in - (direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes; 'Her good looks attract the stares of many men'; 'The ad pulled in many potential customers'; 'This pianist pulls huge crowds'; 'The store owner was happy that the ad drew in many new customers') 3. (4) attract, appeal - (be attractive to; 'The idea of a vacation appeals to me'; 'The beautiful garden attracted many people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttractiveThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceiving-Voluntary ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :Attraction :wnsense "attraction2n", "attraction4n", "attraction5n" ; :wordnet "attraction" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Attraction'' is a site or object that causes (at least some) people to pay attention to it, or to approach it. THis is very general, and includes Devices that do interesting things (even shiny objects twinkling in the wind), as wellas large formal ''TouristAttraction''s that draw people from distances not easily walkable. NOTE that sense 4 specifies 'characteristic' but the example is an Object - here the Object sense is intended, not the quality. Includes noun senses 2, 4, and 5 of 'attraction' in Wordnet: 2. (2) attraction - (an entertainment that is offered to the public) 4. (1) attraction, attractor, attracter, attractive feature, magnet - (a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts; 'flowers are an attractor for bees') 5. drawing card, draw, attraction, attractor, attracter - (an entertainer who attracts large audiences; 'he was the biggest drawing card they had') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceiving-Voluntary ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Attractive :isTheOppositeOf :Unattractive ; :ldoce "attractive", "pretty" ; :wnsense "attractive1adj", "pretty1adj" ; :wordnet "attractive", "pretty" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Attractive' is an AttributeValue of an object or event that causes pleasure when *observing* the object (by eye or ear) or event. A more intense value of this AttributeValue are the subtype 'Beautiful'. A more specialized subtype of this attribute, for objects and music, is 'Pretty' @ToDo: need specializations for things like music and artistic performances, to distinguish events from objects? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'attractive' in WordNet, and includes sense 1 of 'pretty', which is a subtype in WordNet: 1. (4) attractive - (pleasing to the eye or mind especially through beauty or charm; 'a remarkably attractive young man'; 'an attractive personality'; 'attractive clothes'; 'a book with attractive illustrations') WN Includes adjective sense 1 of 'pretty' in WordNet: 1. (20) pretty - (pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing; 'pretty girl'; 'pretty song'; 'pretty room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractivenessValue, :Interesting, :Pleasant . :AttractiveForce :ldoce "wonder" ; :wnsense "attraction1n", "attractive force1n" ; :wordnet "attraction", "attractive force" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An''AttractiveForce'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' that causes two objects to tend to move together unless prevented by some intervening obstacle, in which case the object whose motion is halted will exert a force or pressure on the intervening object,. NOTE: electricity and Magnetism are classified by WN as ''AttractiveForce''s, although they can be both attractive and repulsive. So this cannot be interpreted as meaning a force is *only* attractive. When details are needed, this nuance can be added, and the alternatives disentangled. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attractive force' in WordNet: 1. (5) attraction, attractive force - (the force by which one object attracts another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Natural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComingTogether ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :AttractiveObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AttractiveObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' a psychological appeal (to people or animals) that causes animals to pay attention (''Perceiving-Voluntary'') and perhaps to approach it or try to obtain it. Among the subtypes are ''Lure'' and ''Bait''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractiveThing, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Attractive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:AttractiveThing :PhysicalObject ) ] . :AttractiveThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AttractiveThing'' is a thing - object,location, Event, that has a psychological appeal that causes people to pay attention (Perceiving-Voluntary') and perhaps to go there (place) or participate in it (Event) or buy it (Object). he manner of being Attractive depends on the kind of thing that is Attractive, and the results of thatbeing Atractive will also depend on the exact nature of the attractiveness; the only general criterion is that is cuases (some) people to pay attention. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SalientThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Attractive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceiving-Voluntary ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :Attractiveness :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Attractive ; :takesValue :AttractivenessValue ; :wnsense "attraction3n", "attractiveness1n", "attractiveness2n" ; :wordnet "attraction", "attractiveness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Attractiveness' is an AttributeType that includes visual and other types of attractiveness, such as personality. Attractiveness is an attribute that causes pleasant feelings in people who observe the attractive thing, and is therefore highly subjective. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'attractiveness' in WordNet: 1. attraction, attractiveness - (the quality of arousing interest; being attractive or something that attracts; 'her personality held a strange attraction for him') 2. attractiveness - (a beauty that appeals to the senses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goodness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttractingPeople ; owl:onProperty :causesOrInduces ] . :AttractivenessValue :wnsense "attractive1adj", "attractive2adj", "attractiveness1n", "attractiveness2n", "beauty1n" ; :wordnet "attractive", "attractiveness", "beauty" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttractivenessValue is an EvaluativeAttribute that reflects a judgment regarding the ability of an object or event to cause pleasure (or displeasure) when observing the object or event. Subtypes of this AttributeValue have the AttributeType 'Attractiveness'. The linguistic terms 'attractiveness' and 'attractive' both relate to this type AttributeValue - the former being the broader term including various degrees of attractiveness, and the latter being higher degrees of attractiveness. @ToDo: need to organize and relate the adjective and noominal forms and rank intensities Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'attractiveness' and adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'attractive' and noun sense 1 of 'beauty' in WordNet: WN noun 'attractiveness': 1. attraction, attractiveness - (the quality of arousing interest; being attractive or something that attracts; 'her personality held a strange attraction for him') 2. attractiveness - (a beauty that appeals to the senses) WN adjective 'attractive': 1. (4) attractive - (pleasing to the eye or mind especially through beauty or charm; 'a remarkably attractive young man'; 'an attractive personality'; 'attractive clothes'; 'a book with attractive illustrations') 2. (3) attractive - (having power to arouse interest; 'an attractive opportunity'; 'the job is attractive because of the pay') WN noun 'beauty': 1. (16) beauty - (the qualities that give pleasure to the senses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Attributable :isAnAttributeValueOf :AbstractObject, :ArtifactObject, :Event ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :ReturningaPurchase ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :AttributingSomethingToSomebody, :AttributingaCause, :AttributingaCreator ; :wnsense "attributable1adj" ; :wordnet "attributable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Attributable'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for Things such as Objects (abstract or physical) or Events for which the creator (for objects) or resonsible party for Events or causative agent or event (for phenomena) can be identified. NOTE: the three generic types of things that can be 'attributed' are all related to this most general sense of 'attributable' but subtypes of this attribute can be created when needed for each of the specific types listed in the relations here. @ToDo. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'attributable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) attributable - (capable of being attributed; \"the collapse of the movement was attributable to a lack of morale\"; \"an idea attributable to a Russian\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Attribute :BFO "Quality" ; :wnsense "attribute1n", "attribute2n" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type ''Attribute'' includes complex attributes that point to both an AttributeType and some form of AttributeValue; it can serve as the value of a 'hasAttribute' relation. Thus one might want to specify that an entity has a strength of a certain value, and one may create an instance of ''Attribute'' that points to the ''AgeInYears' subtype of ''Attribute'', and to some numerical value that represents a real number (''N_74''). But there are other subtypes of ''Attribute'' such as ''Capability'' that may function as simple ''AttributeValue''s, but also may NOTE that because of the subtlety of representing ''Quality''s (such as Having or Being some 'AttributeValue'), which are represented as ''PersistentState''s, the ''Attribute'' type is not disjoint with ''Event'', whereas ''QualitativeAttributeValue''s are disjoint. In the first case in COSMO, the representation of 'attributes' (properties in informal terms) includes two or three aspects, depending on whether the Attribute is qualitative or quantitative, respectively: (1) the AttributeType (Color, Length, Flexibility). The AttributeType specifies the kind of attribute that is being represented. Every instance of Attribute must specify the AttributeType (2) the AttributeValue (Color -Red; Length - 10 feet; Flexibility - high) for quantitative attributes (10 feet, 30 pounds) the AttributeValue is composed of both a number and a UnitOfMeasure. The UnitOfMeasure values include 'Dimensionless', a pure number (e.g. as an attribute of 'Cardinality' for a Group). See also 'AttributeValue' for additional discussion. In the case of quantitative attributes, rather than pointing from an instance of Attribute to a QuantitativeAttributeValue, the relations 'hasUnit' and 'hasQuantifier'can point directly to the UnitOfMeasure and the Quantifier. An instance of QuantitativeAttributeValue can be represented as the UnitOfMeasure and the quantifier, separately, specified by relations 'hasUnit' and 'hasQuantifier'. If the implementation allows use of functions, a QuantitativeAttributeValue can be represented as a function term such as {25.6 feet}. For QualitativeAttributes the AttributeValue may be directly represented. For IntensiveAttributes, the AttributeValue can have interval-type intensity values such as 'Low', 'Medium', 'High'. The type of an Attribute is specified as the value of the 'hasType' relation. BFO: ''Attribute'' and ''AttributeType'' and ''AttributeValue'' appears to be included in BFO 'Quality'. BFO 'Quality': Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). BFO: Examples: the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee Corresponds to a combination of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'attribute' in WordNet: 1. (2) property, attribute, dimension - (a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished; 'self-confidence is not an endearing property') 2. (1) attribute - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpecificallyDependentContinuant ; owl:disjointWith :GenericAgent, :GenericLocation, :GenericSubstance, :Object, :Role . :AttributeChangeEvent :en "attribute change event" ; :enn "attribute change event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AttributeChangeEvent'' is an Event in which some AttributeValue of some Object or Substance is changed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent . :AttributeComparison :ldoce "comparison" ; :wnsense "comparison2n" ; :wordnet "comparison" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'AttributeComparison' is one component element of a 'Comparison' (a subtype of 'Assertion' - a logical sentence) specifies how two entities differ (or are equal) with repect to some AttributeValue. The comparison may be quantitative or qualitative: if qualitative, this can express, for example, that one entity has a greater degree of some QualitativeAttribute than another entity; this allows representation of comparative assertions such as 'SUBJ was longer than OBJ' (or in general 'SUBJ is more ATT than OBJ') without creating a new logical 'greater than' relation for each attribute . For quantitative attributes, an instance of 'AttributeComparison' can specify precisely to what extent the attribute of one entity differs from the same attribute of another entity; for example,one can specify that 'Jack is three inches taller than Jill'. For states of having a comparative or superlative attribute, this can relate that stae to the Thing(s) that the subject of the state is greater or ess than with respect to that attribute. For alternative ways to express certain comparisons, the relations 'isMoreThanByQuantity'; 'isGreaterThan'; and 'isLessThanByQuantity' could be used. This type can be used as a generic comparative relation that can compare any AttributeType that can be meaningfully used in the comparative or superlative Each instance of 'AttributeComparison' will be related to at least four arguments specific for this and related types: the subject: hasSubjectOfComparison the object: hasObjectOfComparison (can be a Group, for superlatives) the AttributeType being compared: hasAttributeOfComparison the difference: hasComparativeDifference (a Difference, DifferenceValue or ComparativeMagnitude - see below) The value for 'hasComparativeDifference'can be qulitative 'More', 'Less') or quantitagive ('3 inches', The Comparison will express a difference of the attribute value of subject minus the commensurate the attribute value of the object; if the property of the subject is greater, the comparison value will be 'More'; if the subject is less than the object, the comparison value will be 'Less'. If the comparison is for quantitative attribute values (e.g. Length), the difference will be a quantity that is obtained by subtracting the value for the object from the value for the subject (in identical units); if the value is positive, the subject will have a greater value than the object for that attribute value. A ComparativeMagnitude will take one of several values: 'More'means SUBJ is greater than OBJ with respect to that attribute 'Less' means SUBJ is less than OBJ with respect to that attribute 'NoDifference' means SUBJ is the same as OBJ with respect to that attribute 'Indistinguishable' means SUBJ cannot be distinguished from OBJ with respect to that attribute, within the accuracy of comaprisons; thus one may have measurements '5.2 feet; and '5.22 feet' and be unable to verify that the accuracy of the comparisons is sufficient to assert that one attribute truly differs from the other. 'NoDifference' means SUBJ is the same as OBJ with respect to that attribute attribute 'MuchLess' means SUBJ is much less than OBJ with respect to that attribute Thus to say 'A is longer than B', e.g. create instance of Comparison named 'AisLongerThanB' append the relations: hasSubjectOfComparison A hasObjectOfComparison B hasAttributeOfComparison Length hasComparativeDifference 'More' NOTE that, if one wants to assert a AttributeComparison that only holds in some TimeInterval, when one creates the instance of AttributeComparison one can also assert it as an instance of TimeSlice and assert the beginning and ending TimePoints (properties inherited from 'TimeSlice'. This type can be extended to include other facets of information for a Comparison. This is a formalization of noun sense 2 of 'comparison' in WordNet: 2. (8) comparison - (relation based on similarities and differences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comparison . :AttributeGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting exclusively of '''Attribute''s or ''AttributeType''s. or ''AttributeValue''s and their types. To describe a Group as being similar in some respect, one can create ad hoc a ''SimilarityGroup'' and point to an instance of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeTypeType :AttributeValueType :AttributeValue :Attribute :AttributeType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :AttributeRateOfChange :ldoce "rate" ; :wnsense "pace3n", "rate3n" ; :wordnet "pace", "rate" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AttributeRateOfChange' is a specialized Group used to represent the rate of change of some attribute of some participant in an Event or FunctionalProcess, as well as its value at th start of that time interval. This 'ArityGroup' specifies the thing changing, the Attribute changing,the rate of change and the date-time or TimeInterval (which can be a 'TimePoint') at which that value is true. This is used only with relation 'hadRateOfChange' and the Event or Process that has that rate is the subject (domain) of that relation. This Group is necessary because this is essentially a multiple-arity relation, and the individual facets need to be represented using binary relations. The values of rate and time can be expressed to any degree of precision. Most closely similar to noun sense 3 of 'rate' in WordNet: 3. (35) pace, rate - (the relative speed of progress or change; 'he lived at a fast pace'; 'he works at a great rate'; 'the pace of events accelerated') """, "participant is the thing changing", """the AttributeValue here specifies the AttributeType changing. """, "the Rate specifies the unit and quantifier value" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArityGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :RateMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValueType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :atTime ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DateTimeExtendedGroup :TimeInterval ) ] ] . :AttributeType :BFO "Quality" ; :ldoce "property" ; :wnsense "attribute1n", "dimension2n", "property3n", "property4n" ; :wordnet "attribute", "dimension", "property" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeType is a general category of attribute, i.e. some property that adheres in an object, such as length or mass or color or shape for physical objects. More abstract objects such as sets or groups may have more abstract attributes such as cardinality. The distinction between attributes and relations between entities is not absolute. AttributeTypes include Qualities,which in COSMO can also be ''PersistentState''s - so that the state of 'having' some AttributeValue can be a ''Quality. This reflects the vagueness of 'qualities' that are linguistically expressed in Englsh as (among other ways) 'X-ness' or X-ity' and their relation to other concepts. On the other hand, an ''AttributeValue'' is more narrowly defined and cannot be a ''PersistentState''. COSMO note: The main use of two distinct trees of attribute-related types (AttributeType and AttributeValue) is intended to enable assertions with a linguistic form such as: {Jack has Height {6 feet}) where the second argument 'Height' specifies the general type of attribute, and the value '{6 feet}' specifies the specific attribute value, where 'feet' is a function returning a distance measure. This generic attribute assertion can then be used with other types of attributes, such as: {Jack has Weight {60 kilograms}) and {Car037 has Color RedColor). BFO: ''Attribute'' and ''AttributeType'' and ''AttributeValue'' both appear to be included in BFO 'Quality'. BFO 'Quality': Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). BFO: Examples: the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attribute' and sense 3 and 4 of 'property' in WordNet: 1. (2) property, attribute, dimension - (a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished; 'self-confidence is not an endearing property') WN noun 'Property': 3. (138) property - (a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class; 'a study of the physical properties of atomic particles') 4. (32) property, attribute, dimension - (a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished; 'self-confidence is not an endearing property') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpecificallyDependentContinuant . :AttributeTypeChange a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AttributeTypeChange' is a Change in the value for some particular AttributeType for some particular PhysicalObject. The AttributeType that changes needs to be specified. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Change, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAttributeTypeChanged ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeTypeType ] . :AttributeTypeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """AttributeTypeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for AttributeTypes (length, mass), and an argument restriction for various relations on AttributeType types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValueType ] . :AttributeValue :BFO "Quality" ; :ldoce "quality" ; :wnsense "attribute2n", "property3n", "quality1n", "quality3n" ; :wordnet "attribute", "property", "quality" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue is the actual value of some AttributeType possessed by some object, such as six feet for a length, or red for a color. Individual AttributeValues are represented as Types (classes) in COSMO, not as instances. IMPORTANT NOTE: the values represented by each of these AttributeValue Types are here viewed as a region ('Quality Space') in which the actual particular value (see Type 'Quality') is located. Thus one may say an object has a 'Red' color, but later refine the description to say it has a 'Fire Red' color. The 'Fire Red' is also a color region, contained within the 'Red' color region. Related concepts: Quality - (any instance of 'QualityType') the nominalized form of AttributeValues which are lexicalized as adjectives Thus: Quality isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute AttributeValue AttributeValue isAnAttributeOfSomethingWithQuality Quality Trait PersistentState(Feeling/HavingAnAttribute) AttributeValue Trait isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait Trait AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing PersistentState(any EventType) AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling Feeling/FeelingType Feeling isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue For quantitative measures, representing attributes as classes allows approximate measures to be built in to the ontology itself. One may specify a range for a measure, and any other measure within or overlapping that range can be considered as 'indistinguishable from' (not 'equal to') the other measure. NOTE on TROPES: Although the values pointed to by a 'hasAttributeValue' relation are Classes (types), this representation still allows one to view the attributes held by specific Objects at specific times as individual instancess (i.e. 'tropes') of an Attribute (e.g. the 'blueness' of a particular ball). . . but since, due to observational inaccuracy, we can only specify 'regions' within which the actual individual instancess (i.e. 'tropes') may lie, using types as regions likely more closely reflects the reality of human experience than trying to represent the tropes directly; so in COSMO (as of rev1015) tropes are not explicitly represented. They can be added for particular domains if needed. The Synonym 'Quality' is represented in this version (which see), but not used drectly; it may be redefined to represent tropes when they are required. NOTE: under consideration - the possibility of expressing the possession of an attribute for some interval of time by creating instances of AttributeValue or of Attribute that are also TimeSlices, with the time interval of the TimeSlice representing the time interval during which the Attribute was had. This has an advantage over using TimeSlice to create 4D TimeSlices of an object, and then attributing an Attribute to it - in that one need not create new instances of an Object, which may not be easily associated with the 3D object. NOTE that the noinalized form of an AttributeValue is repreented as a subtype of ''Quality'' in COSMO. ''Quality'' in COSMO is assigned to the WN sense 1 of 'quality'. That sense is included here, with the understanding that subtypes of ''AttributeValue'' will be lexicalized as attributes. BFO: ''Attribute'' and ''AttributeType'' and ''AttributeValue'' appears to be included in BFO 'Quality'. BFO 'Quality': Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). BFO: Examples: the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee Includes sense 1 and 3 of 'quality' (an attribute) and sense 2 of 'attribute' and noun sense 3 of 'property' in Wordnet: WN noun 'attribute: 2. (1) attribute - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity) WN noun 'quality' 1. (42) quality - (an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone; 'the quality of mercy is not strained'--Shakespeare) 3. (12) quality, character, lineament - (a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something; 'each town has a quality all its own'; 'the radical character of our demands') WN noun 'property': 3. (138) property - (a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class; 'a study of the physical properties of atomic particles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpecificallyDependentContinuant ; owl:disjointWith :Object, :SituationProcessEventOrState . :AttributeValueChange a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AttributeValueChange' is a Change (Difference) in the value for some particular AttributeType for some particular PhysicalObject. The AttributeType that changes needs to be specified. As a subtype of 'change' the values of the AttributeValue before and after the change are specified by relations 'hasFirstElement' (value before) and 'hasSecondElement' (value after) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Change, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAttributeTypeChanged ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeTypeType :AttributeValueType ) ] ] . :AttributeValueType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """AttributeValueType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of AttributeValue as their argument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType, owl:Class . :AttributeVariation :ldoce "vary" ; :wnsense "vary3v" ; :wordnet "vary" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AttributeVariation' is an Attribute of a Group in which the element that varies is an AttributeType """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupVariation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeTypeType ] . :AttributingQualities :wnsense "ascribe1v", "ascription1n", "assign2v", "attribute1v", "attribution1n", "impute1v" ; :wordnet "ascribe", "ascription", "assign", "attribute", "attribution", "impute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AttributingQualities'' is a ''Categorizing'' Action in which some thing or type of thing is asserted to have a certain Quality or Attribute, which as a logical consequence assigns it to the category of things having that Attribute. Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'attribute' (for attibutes) and sense 1 of 'attribution' in WordNet: 1. (16) impute, ascribe, assign, attribute - (attribute or credit to; 'We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare'; 'People impute great cleverness to cats') WN noun 'attribution' (part, for qualities or attributes): 1. attribution, ascription - (assigning some quality or character to a person or thing; 'the attribution of language to birds'; 'the ascription to me of honors I had not earned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :AttributingSomethingToSomebody, :Categorizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeValueType ) ] ] . :AttributingSomethingToSomebody :wnsense "ascribe1v", "assign3v", "attribute1v", "impute1v" ; :wordnet "ascribe", "assign", "attribute", "impute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AttributingSomethingToSomebody'' is an AssertingEvent in which an Agent asserts that some Agent (which could be the agent speaking) is responsible (in some sense) for something - the creation of an Object or performing or causing some Event. This is more general than ''AssigningResponsibility'' but the latter is used to assign responsibility for some situation (reather than an Object, included in this type), and ''AssigningResponsibility'' distinguished between things that are considered good or bad, whereas this type is neutral with respect to approval of third parties. This can be expressed generically as 'somebody said that somebody did something'. That latter part after the 'that' can often also be expressed by some relation equivalent to a verb of Action. This allows the 'assignment' assertion itself to be attributed to some agent, the 'Actor' in the ''AttributingSomethingToSomebody'' assertion. NOTE: the part of the WN synset that appear sto assign qualities is represented by the subtype @oDo1297: perhaps a more generic ''asserting that someone did something' could be created? This is pretty general. For attributing of 'responsibility' (good or bad) use subtype ''AssigningResponsibility''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'attribute' in WordNet: 1. (16) impute, ascribe, assign, attribute - (attribute or credit to; 'We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare'; 'People impute great cleverness to cats') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Informing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaResponsibilityOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :AttributingaCause :wnsense "ascription2n", "attribution2n" ; :wordnet "ascription", "attribution" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AttributingaCause'' is a ''AssertingEvent'' in which a Person asserts that some Event or Situation is caused by something - an Event or Attribute of a thing. This may be quite informal and is broadly applicable to any kind of hypothesizing or ''Theorizing'' about a phenomenon in which the hypothesis is about the cause of the thing. NOTE:this WN synset conflates two kinds of 'causal' events, creating an artifact, and causing an Event. This type ''AttributingaCause'' represents NOTE: for 'attributing' an Object or Action to some Person (such as authorship) uses the relation 'AttributingSomethingToSomebody' or (for creators) its subtype ''AttributingaCreator''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'attribution' in WordNet: 2. attribution, ascription - (assigning to a cause or source; 'the attribution of lighting to an expression of God's wrath'; 'he questioned the attribution of the painting to Picasso') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Theorizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hypothesizing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :AttributingaCreator :wnsense "ascription2n", "attribution2n" ; :wordnet "ascription", "attribution" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AttributingaCreator'' is a ''AttributingSomethingToSomebody'' in which a Person asserts that some ''Object'' (abstract or physical) was created by a particular Person. This can be applied broadly to creators of Art works or of InformationObjects (books or articles) or other types of artifacts, such as engineering objects or structures or designs for PhysicalObjects. NOTE:this WN synset conflates two kinds of 'causal' events, creating an artifact, and causing an Event. This type ''AttributingaCreator'' represents an asserting that someone created some Artifact. NOTE: the relation 'hasDirectObject' is used to express the logical structure of an assertion assigning a creator in the form 'X created Y' where the direct object is the thing created. In a sentence such as 'X asserted that Y created Z', 'Z' would be the direct object, but the for sentences such as 'X assigned text Y to Z' nieither the grammatical relation direct object 'Y' nor the grammatical indirect object 'Z' is not directly specified by the 'hasDirectObject' relation. Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'attribute' (for creators) and part of sense 2 of 'attribution' in WordNet: 1. (16) impute, ascribe, assign, attribute - (attribute or credit to; 'We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare'; 'People impute great cleverness to cats') WN noun 'attribution' (part, for creators): 2. attribution, ascription - (assigning to a cause or source; 'the attribution of lighting to an expression of God's wrath'; 'he questioned the attribution of the painting to Picasso') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributingSomethingToSomebody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Creator ] . :Auburn :wnsense "auburn1adj" ; :wordnet "auburn" ; a :HairColorType, :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'auburn' in WordNet: 1. auburn - ((of hair) colored a moderate reddish-brown; 'auburn hair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brownish, :HairColorValue, :Reddish . :Auction :en "auctioning" ; :wnsense "auction off1v", "auction sale1n", "auction1v", "auction2n", "auctioneer1v", "vendue1n" ; :wordnet "auction", "auction off", "auction sale", "auctioneer", "vendue" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Auction'' is a ''Selling''at which a Group of potential buyers (bidders) convey bids (by voice or any other means) to an 'auctioneer' within some limited time period, competing against each other for the right to purchase by increasing their bids until no other bidder will offer a greater price, at which point the last bidder becomes partner in a contract to buy the item offered. The verb'auction' can be construed as a 'selling' - @ToDo: add and relate the two aspects? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'auction' in WordNet: 2. auction, auction sale, vendue - (the public sale of something to the highest bidder) WN verb 'auction': 1. auction, auction off, auctioneer - (sell at an auction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competition, :Selling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bidding ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Audacious :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Courage ; :isTheOppositeOf :Timid ; :ldoce "brave" ; :wnsense "audacious1adj", "brave2adj", "dauntless1adj", "fearless2adj", "intrepid1adj", "unfearing1adj" ; :wordnet "audacious", "brave", "dauntless", "fearless", "intrepid", "unfearing" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Audacious'' is an intensive level of ''Courageous''. boldness, daring, hardiness, hardihood Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'audacious' in Wordnet: 1. (1) audacious, brave, dauntless, fearless, intrepid, unfearing - (invulnerable to fear or intimidation; 'audacious explorers'; 'fearless reporters and photographers'; 'intrepid pioneers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Courageous . :Audacity :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Audacious ; :wnsense "audaciousness1n", "audacity1n", "temerity1n" ; :wordnet "audaciousness", "audacity", "temerity" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Audacity'' is a ''PersonalityTrait'' of ''Boldness'' that encourages taking big risks. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'audacity' in Wordnet: 1. (1) audacity, audaciousness, temerity - (fearless daring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boldness . :Audible :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Hearing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Hearing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inaudible ; :wnsense "audible1adj" ; :wordnet "audible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Audible' is an AttributeValue of a Sound that can be heard by an animal's ear. Sounds that are too far away will not be 'Audible' in this sense. This AttributeValue will be true or not depending on circumstances, such as being in the right location, so it needs to be interpreted as 'Audible to some specific person(s)' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'audible' in WordNet: 1. (2) audible, hearable - (heard or perceptible by the ear; 'he spoke in an audible whisper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceivable . :AudiblePitch :en "audible pitch" ; :enn "audible pitch" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pitch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :NumberRange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Audible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AudibleSound :guid "bd5906fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sound1n" ; :wordnet "sound" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Sound. Each instance of this collection is a sound which is audible to most instances of #$Animal under normal conditions. To be ''Audible'' a ''Sound'' needs to have adequate intensity and a frequency (pitch) within the audible range. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'sound' in WordNet: 1. (36) sound - (the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause; 'the sound of rain on the roof'; 'the beautiful sound of music') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sound . :AudibleSoundRange :hasLowerLimit "16"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "20000"^^xsd:float ; a :NumberRange . :Audience :wnsense "audience2n" ; :wordnet "audience" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'GroupOfPeople', being those to whom a Communication is addressed, i.e. those whom the agent doing the communicating wants to hear (or read or view) the Communication. The Audience is a ''GroupOfPeople'' but that Group could have as few as one member. NOTE that a Commmunication could be addressed to an animal or automaton (Siri??) but this ''Audence'' is for People only. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'audience' in WordNet: 2. (9) audience - (the part of the general public interested in a source of information or entertainment; 'every artist needs an audience'; 'the broadcast reached an audience of millions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheIntendedAudienceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Communication :ExposingToView :Performance :EntertainmentEvent :ShowingSomething ) ] ] . :Audience-Hearing :wnsense "audience3n", "hearing2n" ; :wordnet "audience", "hearing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Audience-Hearing'' is a ''Meeting'' that is an ''Opportunity'' for one Person to present a case for some Action to another Person or group. The Person to whom the case is presented presumably has some kind of power or authority to make things happen. The second part of the WN gloss refers to a different sense of 'audience' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'audience' in WordNet: 3. hearing, audience - (an opportunity to state your case and be heard; 'they condemned him without a hearing'; 'he saw that he had lost his audience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meeting, :Opportunity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appointment ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ] . :AudienceOfSpectators :wnsense "audience1n" ; :wordnet "audience" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An''AudienceOfSpectators'' is an ''Audience'' consisting of a 'GroupOfPeople' gathered together within direct hearing distance (with loudspeakers, that can be a large stadium or field) to at least hear, and possibly to see, some agent in person or otherwise transmit a communication by voice or sight. This includes performances at dramas, movies, and music concerts, but not the audience watching or listening only over some electronic communication medium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audience' in WordNet: 1. (60) audience - (a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance; 'the audience applauded'; 'someone in the audience began to cough') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheIntendedAudienceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Communication :ExposingToView :Performance :EntertainmentEvent :ShowingSomething ) ] ] . :AudioCommunicating :guid "bd58c907-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Communicating. Each instance of #$AudioCommunicating is a transmission of sound-borne information between two (or more) agents. Specializations of #$AudioCommunicating include #$SpokenCommunicating and #$MusicalCommunicating.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCommunication . :AudioConceptualWork :guid "c005d72d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ConceptualWork. Each instance of #$AudioConceptualWork is an abstract work designed to be instantiated in sound (see #$SoundInformationBearingThing). Notable specializations include #$MusicalComposition and #$Album-CW.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork . :AudioEquipment :en "audio equipment" ; :enn "audio equipment" ; :guid "c0fd507f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """See subtype ''AudioSystem'' for the main use of this CYC element. CYC: A collection of electronic devices. An instance of #$AudioEquipment is a device that may be used in audio recording, playback, amplification, and/or reception. This collection doesn't include musical instruments. It does include both self-contained systems, e.g. boom boxes, and individual stereo components, such as microphones, amplifiers, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice . :AudioSignal :wnsense "audio1n", "sound5n" ; :wordnet "audio", "sound" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AudioSignal'' is a ''TransmittedRadioSignal'' that carries the ''Sound'' component of a ''TransmittedRadioSignal'' that may have other components, such as the video signal in a Television broadcast. NOTE that this signal does not have to be transmitted through the air, it could be transmitted over some form of cable - metal or optical. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audio' in WordNet: 1. audio, sound - (the audible part of a transmitted signal; 'they always raise the audio for commercials') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransmittedRadioSignal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :hasInformationContent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransmittedRadioSignal ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :AudioSystem :guid "bd58db76-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "audio system1n", "sound system1n" ; :wordnet "audio system", "sound system" ; a :DeviceType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AudioSystem'' is a ''FunctionalSystem'' that converts sound to electrical signals or electrical signals from some electrical devices or components into sound. The subtype that converts electric signals to sound is the ''SpeakerSystem''. CYC: The collection of all audio systems, characterized by having an audio amplifier, some kind of speaker (which may be headphones), and some sound producing component such as a radio receiver or tape deck mechanism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audio system' in WordNet: 1. (1) audio system, sound system - (a system of electronic equipment for recording or reproducing sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudioEquipment, :ElectroAcousticTransducer, :Equipment, :FunctionalSystem . :Audiologist :en "audiologist" ; :enn "audiologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An expert on measuring hearing ability. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Otologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Audiology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Audiology :wnsense "audiology1n", "audiometry1n" ; :wordnet "audiology", "audiometry" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audiology' in WordNet: 1. audiology, audiometry - (the measurement of hearing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Otology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hearing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Audiologist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :AuditReport :wnsense "audit1n", "audited account1n" ; :wordnet "audit", "audited account" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AuditReport'' is a 'ReportDocument' that presents the results of an ''AuditingaFinancialDocument'' Action. NOTE: the WN gloss is not completely unambiguous about whether that sense is an Action or the resutig document. This sense is interpreted as the **written document** resulting from an ''AuditingaFinancialDocument'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audit' in WordNet: 1. (2) audited account, audit - (an inspection of the accounting procedures and records by a trained accountant or CPA) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReportDocument . :AuditingaCourse :wnsense "audit2v" ; :wordnet "audit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AuditingaClass'' is the Action of a single Person (not necessarily a Student) attending a series of Classes in one school sesson, without registering for credit. @TODo: need to specify the course! Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'audit' in WordNet: 2. audit - (attend academic courses without getting credit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttendingaSocialEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClassSession ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :SchoolBuilding :Classroom ) ] ] . :AuditingaFinancialDocument :wnsense "audit1v", "inspect3v", "scrutinise1v", "scrutinize2v" ; :wordnet "audit", "inspect", "scrutinise", "scrutinize" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AuditingaFinancialDocument'' is a scrutiny by some ''Auditor'' of some financial statement who could represent a private firm or the gvernment, followed by writing an ''AuditReport'' with the results of the analysis. The purpose may be for internal records, or to meet some legal requirement. the auditor may certify the correctness of the record, with or without caveats. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'audit' in WordNet: 1. (1) audit, scrutinize, scrutinise, inspect - (examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification; 'audit accounts and tax returns') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AccountingRecord :Document-Physical :TaxReturn :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectAnalyzed ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :AuditReport ] . :Auditor :wnsense "auditor3n" ; :wordnet "auditor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Auditor'' is a professonal ''Person'' who has performed an ''AuditingaFinancialDocument'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'auditor' in WordNet: 3. auditor - (a qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of a business or other organization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accountant, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AuditingaFinancialDocument ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Auditorium :wnsense "auditorium1n" ; :wordnet "auditorium" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hall'' designed for assemblies of more than a few people in a school, theater or concert hall, or in any other building where such a large room is referred to as an ''Auditorium''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'auditorium' in WordNet: 1. (3) auditorium - (the area of a theater or concert hall where the audience sits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublicAssembly ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet ] . :Auditory :isAnAttributeValueOf :Hearing ; :pertainsTo :AuditoryCommunication, :AuditoryOssicle, :Hearing ; :wnsense "audile1adj", "auditive1adj", "auditory1adj" ; :wordnet "audile", "auditive", "auditory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'auditory' in Wordnet: 1. auditory, audile, auditive - (of or relating to the process of hearing; 'auditory processing'; 'an audile person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AuditoryCommunication :wnsense "auditory communication1n" ; :wordnet "auditory communication" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the abstract ''message'' commmunicated by a ''Speaking'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auditory communication' in WordNet: 1. auditory communication - (communication that relies on hearing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractInformationStore, :Message, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :AuditoryOssicle :CYC "EarBone" ; :en "ear bone" ; :guid "c04de332-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "auditory ossicle1n" ; :wordnet "auditory ossicle" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Seems to be the same as the meaning of CYC 'EarBone', that has no specifics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auditory ossicle' in WordNet: 1. auditory ossicle - (ossicles of the middle ear that transmit acoustic vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallBone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarCanal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Augmenting :wnsense "augment1v" ; :wordnet "augment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Augmenting'' is the act of making something larger in number, size, intensity or almost anything. Very close in meaning to 'increase'. The term 'augment' may be used just to avoid the more common word. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'augment' in WordNet: 1. (8) augment - (enlarge or increase; 'The recent speech of the president augmented tensions in the Near East') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnIncrease . :August :wnsense "August1n" ; :wordnet "August" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are August. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'August' in WordNet: 1. (15) August, Aug - (the month following July and preceding September) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Aunt :ldoce "aunt" ; :wnsense "aunt1n" ; :wordnet "aunt" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sister of a Mother or Father. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aunt' in WordNet: 1. (4) aunt, auntie, aunty - (the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalRelation, :FemalePerson . :Aurochs :guid "8e765656-261f-11d6-8639-0002b34b8539" ; :wnsense "Bos primigenius1n", "aurochs2n", "urus1n" ; :wordnet "Bos primigenius", "aurochs", "urus" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The extinct single common ancestor of every breed of #$Cattle-Domestic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'aurochs' in WordNet: 2. aurochs, urus, Bos primigenius - (large recently extinct long-horned European wild ox; considered one of the ancestors of domestic cattle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bovine, :Ruminant . :Aurora :wnsense "aurora2n" ; :wordnet "aurora" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Light phenomena near the Earth's poles, often rapidly moving. Because this is not a well-defined Object, it is classified here as a ''LightEmissionPhenomenon'', a ''Phenomenon'' (located in the ''Sky'') that emits multicolored light. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'aurora' in Wordnet: 2. aurora - (an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightEmissionPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingLinearly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sky ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MulticoloredLight ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Austere :wnsense "austere1adj", "severe3adj", "stark2adj", "stern4adj" ; :wordnet "austere", "severe", "stark", "stern" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'austere' in Wordnet: 1. (1) austere, severe, stark, stern - (severely simple; 'a stark interior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uncomplicated . :Australia :wnsense "Australia1n" ; :wordnet "Australia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """'Strine' spoken there. ;-) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Australia' in WordNet: 1. (3) Australia, Commonwealth of Australia - (a nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony) """ . :AustraliaRegion a :ContinentRegion . :Australian :wnsense "Aussie1n", "Australian1n" ; :wordnet "Aussie", "Australian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person native to or living in Australia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Australian' in WordNet: 1. Australian, Aussie - (a native or inhabitant of Australia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inhabitant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Australia ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Austria :wnsense "Austria1n" ; :wordnet "Austria" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Austria' in WordNet: 1. Austria, Republic of Austria, Oesterreich - (a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century) """ . :AustriaArea a :CountryRegion . :Austrian :pertainsTo :GermanPerson, :Germany ; :wnsense "Austrian1adj" ; :wordnet "Austrian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Austrian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Austria'' or a ''AustrianPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'A'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Austrian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Austrian - (of or relating to Austria or its people or culture; 'Austrian music') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AustrianPerson :wnsense "Austrian1n" ; :wordnet "Austrian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Austrian' in WordNet: 1. Austrian - (a native or inhabitant of Austria) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Austria ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Authentic :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtObject, :Collectible, :Document-Physical ; :isTheOppositeOf :Counterfeit ; :wnsense "authentic2adj", "bona fide2adj", "unquestionable2adj", "veritable2adj" ; :wordnet "authentic", "bona fide", "unquestionable", "veritable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Authentic'' is a property of some Object whose source is an important property - an antique, a rare item, an item made by some famous agent (person or company), which might be copied. A copy being passed off as an original would be 'counterfeit'. The state of not being a 'copy' of something is represented as the subAttribute ''Genuine''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'authentic' in Wordnet: 2. (6) authentic, bona fide, unquestionable, veritable - (not counterfeit or copied; 'an authentic signature'; 'a bona fide manuscript'; 'an unquestionable antique'; 'photographs taken in a veritable bull ring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Authenticated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Authenticating ; :wnsense "attested1adj", "authenticated1adj", "documented2adj" ; :wordnet "attested", "authenticated", "documented" ; a :AttributeValueType, :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Authenticated'' is the property of something that has been verified to be ''Genuine'' by a ''Authenticating'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'authenticated' in Wordnet: 1. attested, authenticated, documented - (established as genuine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authentic . :Authenticating :wnsense "authenticate1v" ; :wordnet "authenticate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'authenticate' in WordNet: 1. (1) authenticate - (establish the authenticity of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConfirmingaFact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AuthenticationSource ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Probatory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authenticated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :AuthenticationMark :wnsense "assay-mark1n", "authentication1n", "hallmark1n" ; :wordnet "assay-mark", "authentication", "hallmark" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'authentication' in WordNet: 1. authentication, hallmark, assay-mark - (a mark on an article of trade to indicate its origin and authenticity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authenticity ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :AuthenticationSource :guid "bd609abd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: An Authentication Source is interpreted as an Identifier, which is an AbstractSymbolicObject. In Cyc this was used for some PhysicalObjects, but in COSMO only symbolic objects will be instances. Images or patterns of PhysicalObjects would fill the role of 'AuthenticationSource' in COSMO. Cyc: #$AuthenticationSource, a subset of #$TemporalThing, is the collection of sources which can be used for authentication events. Notable subsets include #$Fingerprint and #$Retina.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Identifier, :Role . :Authenticity :wnsense "authenticity1n", "genuineness2n", "legitimacy2n" ; :wordnet "authenticity", "genuineness", "legitimacy" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Authenticity'' is a state of something - usually an Object - that is ''Authentic''. There is no limit to the types of things that can be classified as 'authentic', but this is typically used for rare artifacts or rare natural objects. \" It's the real thing. \" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'authenticity' in WordNet: 1. (7) authenticity, genuineness, legitimacy - (undisputed credibility) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authentic ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Author :guid "bd58a8c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "author1n", "author2n", "writer1n" ; :wordnet "author", "writer" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The kind of people that have written a prose composition, for example students, professional writers. Authors are NOT necessary professionals (see #$Writer) as they don't necessarily do it for pay, or do it as a central job related activity. COSMO note: the 'author' of a musical composition would be termed a 'composer' in this ontology. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'author' in WordNet: 1. (38) writer, author - (writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)) 2. (6) generator, source, author - (someone who originates or causes or initiates something; 'he was the generator of several complaints') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communicator, :Creator, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAuthorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TextualMaterial :AbstractText :Proposition :ConceptualWork ) ] ] . :AuthorOfRecord a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AuthorOfRecord is the agent that is recorded as the official 'Author' of some document. It may be a person, or an Organization, or a Group, or even a machine that automatically created some document.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Author, :IntelligentAgent, :Role . :Authoritarian :wnsense "authoritarian1n", "dictator3n" ; :wordnet "authoritarian", "dictator" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is not just for heads of government - other uses which may seem metaphorical are included here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'authoritarian' in WordNet: 1. authoritarian, dictator - (a person who behaves in an tyrannical manner; 'my boss is a dictator who makes everyone work overtime') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oppressor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oppressing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Authority :wnsense "authority2n" ; :wordnet "authority" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Authority is an IntelligentAgent who has created a Rule or an Obligation, and can enforce it. Usually, the Rule will be communicated to other Agents to follow (for some purpose), but in a special case an Authority (e.g. an individual person) may create a rule intended only for the Authority itself to follow e.g. a personal code of behavior). The Authority may have authority over a small domain - a parent over his/her children, for example, or the leader of a small group whose members consent to follow the rules of the leader. The owner of a property is an Authority for what can be done on that property, and can create a Rule prohibiting actions on that property. In a specialized case, a Group of AgreeingAgents that create an Agreement that has some enforceable character can be the Authority for the Obligations arising from that Agreement. At this point, we allow an 'Authority' to have authority over animals and automatons, so the restriction 'hasAuthorityOver' specifies 'IntentionalAgent' as the object. The agenst over which an instance of 'Authority' has authority (or is 'in authority') must be specified. 'Authority' is a Role, and an individual Agent does not have to be classified as an Authority, unless the Agent participates in some action or relation that requires an Authority. Relations on ControllingAnAgent Authority = Role of agent who can control' has ''ControllingAuthority''/ performs ''BeingInControl'' ''ControllingAuthority'' (authority to control/ SocialPower) = Capability of ''ControllingAnAgent'' Authority performs = ''BeingInControl'' = state/status of having ''ControllingAuthority'' Authority performs = ControllingAnAgent (''Action'' of exercising control over an agent) The closest Wordnet sense is noun senses 2 of 'authority'. but that is restricted to people, and this type includes other IntelligentAgents such as Organizations (e.g. nations). in WordNet: 2. (6) authority - ((usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others; 'the authorities have issued a curfew') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingAuthority ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingInControl ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaRule ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Influential ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Authorization :wnsense "authorisation3n", "authority6n", "authorization3n", "sanction3n" ; :wordnet "authorisation", "authority", "authorization", "sanction" ; a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Authorization'' is a type of Permission that is granted by an ''Authority'' in an ''Authorizing'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'authorization' in WordNet: 3. authority, authorization, authorisation, sanction - (official permission or approval; 'authority for the program was renewed several times') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Permission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authorizing ] . :Authorized :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Authorizing ; :wnsense "authorised2adj", "authoritative3adj", "authorized2adj" ; :wordnet "authorised", "authoritative", "authorized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Authorized'' is the attribute of something ''Approved'' where the approval was issued by some ''Authority''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'authorized' in Wordnet: 2. authoritative, authorized, authorised - (sanctioned by established authority; 'an authoritative communique'; 'the authorized biography') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approved . :AuthorizedAgreement :guid "bd58b01c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO NOTE: The CYC type ''AuthorizedAgreement'' appears to be a LegalAgreement that is memorialized in some document. This is left in as a potentially useful specalization of ''legalagreement'' (which could be solely oral). CYC: A specialization of #$Agreement. Each instance of #$Agreement is a generic agreement that is authorized by one of the agreeing parties (typically by the issuer of the document embodying the agreement). #$AuthorizedAgreements are generic in the sense that their authorizing agents are party to many similar agreements; for that reason, an #$AuthorizedAgreement is typically given a unique identification number. Notable positive examples include bank accounts, driver's licenses, and stock certificates.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :LegalDocument ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :Authorizing :wnsense "authorisation4n", "authorise2v", "authorization4n", "authorize1v", "clear4v", "pass24v" ; :wordnet "authorisation", "authorise", "authorization", "authorize", "clear", "pass" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Authorizing'' is a form of 'GrantingPermission'' in which one IntelligentAgent in Authority provides a second agent with formal 'authorization' (not necessarly written) to perform some activity. This is more formal than merely allowing an agent to do something. THe WN gloss seems to emphasize 'clearing for publication' or other actions allowing something to be published. This type is broader than that Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'authorize' in WordNet: 1. (32) authorize, authorise, pass, clear - (grant authorization or clearance for; 'Clear the manuscript for publication'; 'The rock star never authorized this slanderous biography') WN noun 'authorization': 4. authorization, authorisation, empowerment - (the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingApproval, :GrantingPermission, :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authorization ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :Autism :guid "c07f3cab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "autism1n" ; :wordnet "autism" ; a :GroupType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An abnormal psychological condition making interpersonal relations difficult. CYC: #$Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder defined by the presence of abnormal and/or impaired development that is manifest before the age of 3 years, and by the characteristic type of abnormal functioning in all three areas of social interaction, communication, and restricted, repetitive behaviour. The disorder occurs in boys three to four times more often than in girls. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autism' in WordNet: 1. autism - ((psychiatry) an abnormal absorption with the self; marked by communication disorders and short attention span and inability to treat others as people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChronicCondition, :PsychologicalAilment, :Syndrome, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Symptom ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :AutoBody :en "auto body", "autobody", "automobile body" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AutoBody'' is the main structural frame of an Automobile. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Framework, :HumanSizedObject, :StructuralMember, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :AutoDealer :en "auto dealer" ; :wnsense "car dealer1n" ; :wordnet "car dealer" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AutoDealer'' is a ''RetailOrganization'' that sells cars and similar light vehicles. The WN 'car dealer' is the business, not the Person. This type uses the CYC definition as a Person. For the person selling cars use ''CarSalesman''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'car dealer' in WordNet: 1. car dealer - (a firm that sells and buys cars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailOrganization, :TransportationOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :sells ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AutoDealership ; owl:onProperty :owns ] . :AutoDealership :en "auto dealership" ; :enn "auto dealership" ; :guid "bd58eed7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$AutoDealership is a specialization of #$RetailStore, #$Business, and #$TransportationOrganization. Each instance of #$AutoDealership is an establishment (an organization located at one site) that sells automobiles and other types of road vehicles to consumers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dealership, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :sells ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AutoDealer ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ] . :AutoMechanic :wnsense "auto-mechanic1n", "automobile mechanic1n", "car-mechanic1n", "grease monkey1n", "mechanic2n" ; :wordnet "auto-mechanic", "automobile mechanic", "car-mechanic", "grease monkey", "mechanic" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AutoMechanic is skilled in repairing and rebuilding and diagnosing problems in motor vehicles (not just automobiles). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mechanic' in WordNet: 2. (1) automobile mechanic, auto-mechanic, car-mechanic, mechanic, grease monkey - (someone whose occupation is repairing and maintaining automobiles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Repairman, :TradeWorker . :AutoPart :guid "bd58ac46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$VehiclePart. Each instance of #$AutoPart is a physical object designed to be a proper part of an instance of #$Automobile.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :AutoSeat :en "auto seat" ; :enn "auto seat" ; :wnsense "car seat1n" ; :wordnet "car seat" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AutoSeat'' is the entire seeting device or devices in one row of an automibile, whether styled as a bench or as individual pieces. In a ''Sedan'' there are two,the front seat and the back seat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'car seat' in WordNet: 1. car seat - (a seat in a car) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HexalateralObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :Person-SupportingFurniture, :SeatingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Autobiographical :isAnAttributeValueOf :Autobiography ; :pertainsTo :Autobiography ; :wnsense "autobiographic2adj", "autobiographical2adj" ; :wordnet "autobiographic", "autobiographical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'autobiographical' in Wordnet: 2. autobiographical, autobiographic - (relating to or in the style of an autobiography; 'they compiled an autobiographical history of the movement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Autobiography :guid "bdb6684b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "autobiography1n" ; :wordnet "autobiography" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of instances of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each instance of #$Autobiography is a narrative containing information about the author's own life. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autobiography' in WordNet: 1. autobiography - (a biography of yourself) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biography . :Autochthon :en "native inhabitant" ; :wnsense "aborigine1n", "autochthon1n" ; :wordnet "aborigine", "autochthon" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Autochthon'' is a Person who is descended from the native peoples inhabiting some region or territory living there before the Europeans or other colonizers arrived. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autochthon' in WordNet: 1. aborigine, autochthon - (the earliest known inhabitants of a region) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inhabitant, :Native, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeographicalArea ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Autoclave :wnsense "autoclave1n", "steriliser1n", "sterilizer1n" ; :wordnet "autoclave", "steriliser", "sterilizer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Autoclave'' is a ''HeatingDevice'' used for ''Sterilizing'' objects by heating above the biling point of water. This is to kill off any microorganisms in or on the object autoclaved. The things sterilized can be of any kind, such as liquids used in experiments or in microbiological processes (e.g. fermentation) or surgical instruments, or anything that may have been contaminated by a pathogen. WN has HeatingChamber Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autoclave' in WordNet: 1. autoclave, sterilizer, steriliser - (a device for heating substances above their boiling point; used to manufacture chemicals or to sterilize surgical instruments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :HeatingChamber ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sterilizing ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sterilizing ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObjectType ; owl:onProperty :heats ] . :Autoclaving :eng "autoclaving" ; :wnsense "autoclave1v" ; :wordnet "autoclave" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Autoclaving'' is a form of ''Sterilizing'' that uses an ''Autoclave'', a Device that heats objects within a chamber to temperatures about 120 degrees centigrade for more than 15 minutes, which is sufficient to kill all but some very unusual ''LifeForm''s.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'autoclave' in WordNet: 1. autoclave - (subject to the action of an autoclave) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingSomething, :Sterilizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Autoclave ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Autoclave ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FifteenMinutes ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDuration ] . :Autocracy :wnsense "autarchy2n", "autocracy1n" ; :wordnet "autarchy", "autocracy" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Autocracy'' is a 'FormOfGovernment' in which there is only one Person which exercises total control over the laws of a ''GeopoliticalEntity''. This is broader than a ''Monarchy'' because the power can be exercised by any type of person, including a military 'strngman'' or 'dictator'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autocracy' in WordNet: 1. autocracy, autarchy - (a political system governed by a single individual) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormOfGovernment . :Autocratic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Authoritarian, :Person ; :wnsense "authoritarian1adj", "autocratic2adj", "despotic3adj", "dictatorial4adj", "tyrannical3adj" ; :wordnet "authoritarian", "autocratic", "despotic", "dictatorial", "tyrannical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'autocratic' in Wordnet: 2. authoritarian, autocratic, dictatorial, despotic, tyrannical - (characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty; 'an authoritarian regime'; 'autocratic government'; 'despotic rulers'; 'a dictatorial rule that lasted for the duration of the war'; 'a tyrannical government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enticing . :Autoerotism :wnsense "autoeroticism1n", "autoerotism1n" ; :wordnet "autoeroticism", "autoerotism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Autoerotism'' is doing sexually pleasant things to oneself by oneself. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autoerotism' in WordNet: 1. autoeroticism, autoerotism - (using you own body as a sexual object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualBehavior . :Autograph :guid "bd590be6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "autograph2n" ; :wordnet "autograph" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Autograph'' is a 'Signature' requested for its own value as a sample of someone's handwriting, usually the signature of a ''FamousHuman''. CYC: The collection of autographs, i.e famous person's handwritten signature . Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'autograph' in WordNet: 2. autograph, John Hancock - (a person's own signature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Signature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FamousHuman ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :Automated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Automating ; :wnsense "automated1adj", "machine-controlled1adj", "machine-driven1adj" ; :wordnet "automated", "machine-controlled", "machine-driven" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Automated'' includes Activities that have been partially replaced by computerized machines. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'automated' in Wordnet: 1. automated, machine-controlled, machine-driven - (operated by automation; 'an automated stoker') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modified . :Automatic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Device, :FunctioningOfaDevice ; :isTheOppositeOf :Intentional ; :wnsense "automatic1adj" ; :wordnet "automatic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Automatic'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that is the opposite of 'Intentional' and means the the thing characterized is initialted and carried out (if an Event) without human intervention, and (if a Device) performs its function without human intervention, though possibly after some human chooses or sets values for what is performed. This is the quality of involuntary physiological actions and responses, and of many devices, including automatons. and most microdevices. NOTe that 'automatic' is not the opposite of 'inintended' in all senses, because 'unintended' can mean 'unwanted'. To be automatic does not imply being unwanted. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'automatic' in WordNet: 1. (7) automatic - (operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control; 'automatic transmission'; 'a budget deficit that caused automatic spending cuts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotDependent . :AutomaticVehicleController :en "automatic vehicle controller" ; :enn "automatic vehicle controller" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AutomaticVehicleController'' is an ''ElectronicDevice'' designed as part of some ''Auomobile''or ''Airplane''or other type of ''TransportationDevice'' to steer the device and stop it and start it, In addition to controlling the ''TransportationDevice'', it is connected to sensors that provide information required to assure that the vehicle goes where it is intended and does not impact any other objects in its path. Sophisticated versions are used to control 'driverless' automobiles. For example (from Wikipedia): A self-driving car, also known as an autonomous vehicle (AV), connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV), driverless car, robo-car, or robotic car, (automated vehicles and fully automated vehicles in the European Union) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little or no human input. Self-driving cars combine a variety of sensors to perceive their surroundings, such as radar, lidar, sonar, GPS, odometry and inertial measurement units. Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signage. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automaton, :ElectronicDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, :VehicleController, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Automobile :Airplane :TransportationDeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingATransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automatic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Automatically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Automatic ; :wnsense "automatically2adv", "mechanically1adv" ; :wordnet "automatically", "mechanically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Automatically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the Action was performed by some mechanical device, not immediately directed by a person. There may be varying degrees of being 'Automatic'. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'automatically' in Wordnet: 2. mechanically, automatically - (in a mechanical manner; by a mechanism; 'this door opens mechanically') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Automating :wnsense "automate1v", "automatise2v", "automatize2v" ; :wordnet "automate", "automatise", "automatize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Automating'' represents and Action that replaces part or all of some type of HumanActivity with an action by some type of ''Automaton'', a Device using some form of ComputerCircuit to make decisions and perform actions. The restriction ''occurredLaterThan'' points to the ''HumanActivity'' that was performed before the automating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'automate' in WordNet: 1. (1) automatize, automatise, automate - (make automatic or control or operate automatically; 'automatize the production'; 'automate the movement of the robot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :Altering, :ReplacingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automaton ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automaton ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :occurredLaterThan ] . :Automaton :wnsense "automaton2n" ; :wordnet "automaton" ; a :DeviceType, :IntelligentAgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Automaton is an artifact (physical object or software artifact) that can perform some agentive functions without direct supervision of a person, but whose actions are ultimately controlled by a Person or people. A fully independent robot, if one existed, would be able to perform functions for its own purposes without consulting a master, and would then not be an Automaton, but would be an ''AutonomousArtifact'' (a different subtype of ''AgentiveArtifact''). The physical object ''Robot'' is a subtype. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'automaton' in WordNet, but is broader,including intelligent agents (e.g. programs) that have no robotic capabilities; for the physical objects that can perform quasi-intelligent actions, use ''Robot''.: in WordNet: 2. automaton, robot, golem - (a mechanism that can move automatically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deciding ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerCircuit ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Automobile :en "wheels" ; :enn "wheels" ; :guid "bd5895c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "car" ; :wnsense "auto1n", "automobile1n", "car1n" ; :wordnet "auto", "automobile", "car" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$RoadVehicle. Each instance of #$Automobile is a four-wheeled road vehicle designed for carrying about two to eight passengers. Notable specializations of #$Automobile include #$SportsCar, #$PickupTruck and #$Van. This collection does _not_ include motorcycles or tractor-trailers (since both motorcycles and tractor-trailers are not four-wheeled vehicles), nor does it include buses (since buses are designed to carry more passengers than instances of #$Automobile are designed to carry). SUMO: Automobile is a subclass of SelfPoweredRoadVehicles including passenger cars, family vans, light trucks, and sport utility vehicles. In general, this class covers four-wheeled passenger road vehicles. 'wheels' is a colloquial term for an automobile,used especially among young people NOTE that the WordNet senses specifies four wheels, but some tiny cars have three wheels, and those are included in the COSMO sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'automobile' and sense 1 of 'car' and sense 1 of 'auto' in WordNet: 1. (598) car, auto, automobile, machine, motorcar - (a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine; 'he needs a car to get to work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanSizedObject, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :RoadVehicle, :SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice, :SinglePurposeDevice, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :AutomobileDriver :wnsense "automobilist1n", "motorist1n" ; :wordnet "automobilist", "motorist" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AutomobileDriver'' is a Person who is driving an Automobile at any specific time - someone 'on the road' in a car. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motorist' in WordNet: 1. motorist, automobilist - (someone who drives (or travels in) an automobile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoadVehicleDriver, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :AutomobileFabrication :en "automobile fabrication", "automobile manufacture" ; :enn "automobile fabrication", "automobile manufacture" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AutomobileFabrication' is a subtype of 'Manufacturing' in which Automobiles are constructed from parts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabrication, :MakingaPhysicalObject, :Manufacturing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :AutomobileManufacturer ] . :AutomobileFactory :wnsense "auto factory1n", "automobile factory1n", "car factory1n" ; :wordnet "auto factory", "automobile factory", "car factory" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''AutomobileFactory'' is a ''Factory'' where ''Automobile''s are manufactured. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'automobile factory' in WordNet: 1. automobile factory, auto factory, car factory - (a factory where automobiles are manufactured) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Factory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :manufactures ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :AutomobileManufacturer :wnsense "auto maker1n", "auto manufacturer1n", "automaker1n", "car maker1n", "car manufacturer1n" ; :wordnet "auto maker", "auto manufacturer", "automaker", "car maker", "car manufacturer" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AutomobileManufacturer'' is an Organization that manufactures ''Automobile''s by operating or managing a ''AutomobileFactory''. NOTE: usually 'commercial' but this includes experimental or governmental operations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auto manufacturer' in WordNet: 1. car manufacturer, car maker, carmaker, auto manufacturer, auto maker, automaker - (a business engaged in the manufacture of automobiles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manufacturer, :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :manufactures ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isTheCreatorOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AutomobileFactory ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AutomobileFabrication ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AutomobileFabrication ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :AutomobileRadiator :wnsense "radiator2n" ; :wordnet "radiator" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Uses pipes circulating steam or hot water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiator' in WordNet: 2. radiator - (heater consisting of a series of pipes for circulating steam or hot water to heat rooms or buildings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Radiator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :RadiatorFluid ] . :AutomobileWindow :guid "bd589d23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "window" ; :wnsense "window6n" ; :wordnet "window" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Windows of cars. Corresponds to part of noun sense 6 of 'window' in WordNet: """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AutoPart, :VehicleWindow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSmallPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Automobile :TransportationDeviceType ) ] ] . :Automotive :pertainsTo :RoadVehicle ; :wnsense "automotive1adj" ; :wordnet "automotive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Automotive'' is an AttributeValue of a ''RoadVehicle'' or its part, or of Actions associated with a''RoadVehicle''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'automotive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) automotive - (of or relating to motor vehicles; 'automotive supplies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :AutonomicProcess :isaSynonymOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The SUMO concept approximately equal to the OpenCyc 'BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary'. SUMO The class of PhysiologicProcesses of which there is not conscious awareness and control.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Autonomous :wnsense "autonomous1adj", "independent3adj", "self-governing1adj", "sovereign1adj" ; :wordnet "autonomous", "independent", "self-governing", "sovereign" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Autonomous'' is an Attribute of People or Groups who do not depend on other people for their right or ability to do things = . Corresponds to part of sense 3 (pf nations) of 'independent' in WordNet: 3. (2) autonomous, independent, self-governing, sovereign - ((of political bodies) not controlled by outside forces; 'an autonomous judiciary'; 'a sovereign state') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Independent . :AutonomousArtifact :en "fictional robot", "robot" ; a :IntelligentAgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AutonomousArtifact is an artifact (physical object or software artifact) that performs its agentive functions for its own purposes, without supervision (direct or indirect) of a person. Such artifacts probably do not exist as of 2020. If an Intelligent Artifact were under the control of some other agent, and performed its functions on behalf of that agent, it would be an Automaton, and not an AutonomousArtifact. This type of object is often referred to as a ''Robot'' but as of 2020 exists only in Fiction, whereas ''Robot''s exist in the RealWorld and perform tasks chosen by and on behalf of their owners. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentArtifact . :Autopsy :guid "c0182c95-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "autopsy1n", "necropsy1n", "post-mortem examination1n", "post-mortem2n", "postmortem examination1n", "postmortem2n" ; :wordnet "autopsy", "necropsy", "post-mortem", "post-mortem examination", "postmortem", "postmortem examination" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MedicalDiagnosis. Each instance of #$Autopsy is an event in which a dead animal is examined to determine or confirm the cause of its death. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autopsy' in WordNet: 1. (1) autopsy, necropsy, postmortem, post-mortem, PM, postmortem examination, post-mortem examination - (an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalDiagnosis, :Scrutiny, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CauseOfDeath ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CauseOfDeath ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissecting ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TestingEvent ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Autumn a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Same concept as 'FallSeason'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeasonOfYear ; owl:disjointWith :SpringSeason, :SummerSeason, :WinterSeason ; owl:equivalentClass :FallSeason . :Aux-Negated :en "negated auxiliary verb" ; :enn "negated auxiliary verb" ; :guid "bd6621bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all auxiliary verbs negated by contraction. Example: 'hadn't'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AuxVerb . :AuxVerb :guid "bd60398f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "auxiliary verb1n" ; :wordnet "auxiliary verb" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of auxiliary verbs, including 'have', 'be', and 'do', as well as the modal verbs. All of these can be inverted in questions, and have other distributional peculiarities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'auxiliary verb' in WordNet: 1. auxiliary verb - (a word used in a verb phrase as an adjunct to another verb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedClassWord, :Verb . :Auxiliary :isAnAttributeValueOf :Organization ; :wnsense "auxiliary1adj", "subsidiary3adj", "supplemental1adj", "supplementary1adj" ; :wordnet "auxiliary", "subsidiary", "supplemental", "supplementary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'auxiliary' in Wordnet: 1. (1) auxiliary, subsidiary, supplemental, supplementary - (functioning in a subsidiary or supporting capacity; 'the main library and its auxiliary branches') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affiliated . :Avail :wnsense "avail1n", "help3n", "helpfulness1n", "service13n" ; :wordnet "avail", "help", "helpfulness", "service" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Avail'' is a ''Utility'' for things that are 'Helpful' - more helpful than just being 'useful'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'avail' in WordNet: 1. (2) avail, help, service - (a means of serving; 'of no avail'; 'there's no help for it') WN noun 'helpfulness': 1. helpfulness - (the property of providing useful assistance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Utility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Helpful ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Availability :wnsense "accessibility1n", "availability1n", "availableness1n", "disposal1n", "handiness2n" ; :wordnet "accessibility", "availability", "availableness", "disposal", "handiness" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Availability'' is the state of ''HavingAnAttribute'' for having Resources of any kind that are ''Available'' for some use or purpose. NOTE:in WN the term 'disposal' is interpeted as a subtype of 'power' - but here it is a state of being available, with the agent being the object that is available.. This divergence reflects the unusual usage of that term - it is used in the WN sense amost exclusivel in the phrase 'at (her/his/one's/their) disposal', where the phrase means 'available'. Here is is a clue to an interpreter to look to the attribute ''Available'' where the labels include 'at her disposal' etc.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'availability' in WordNet: 1. (3) handiness, accessibility, availability, availableness - (the quality of being at hand when needed) WN noun 'disposal': 1. (4) disposal - (the power to use something or someone; 'used all the resources at his disposal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Available ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Available :en "at her disposal", "at his disposal", "at one's disposal", "at their disposal", "on hand" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Availability ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Obtaining ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Obtaining ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unavailable ; :wnsense "available1adj", "available2adj", "available3adj" ; :wordnet "available" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Available' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of objects or services that can be obtained; it is relative to times, locations, and persons who may obtain the thing, so this notion is very context specific and general. NOTE also that this does not mean it is available to everyone,but can be reserved for specific Person(s). IT is merely not *unavailable* in some context. Includes all 3 adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'available' in WordNet: 1. (93) available - (obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service; 'kept a fire extinguisher available'; 'much information is available through computers'; 'available in many colors'; 'the list of available candidates is unusually long') 2. available, uncommitted - (not busy; not otherwise committed; 'he was not available for comment'; 'he was available and willing to accompany her') 3. available, usable, useable - (convenient for use or disposal; 'the house is available after July 1'; '2000 square feet of usable office space') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AvailableAmount :wnsense "amount1n" ; :wordnet "amount" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AvailableAmount'' is a ''Quantity'' of something useful that is available for use for some Agent for some purpose. Broadly applicable to anything that can be used for a purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'amount' in WordNet: 1. (51) amount - (how much of something is available; 'an adequate amount of food for four people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfStuff . :AvailableQuantity a :MeasurableQuantityType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of a ''AvailableQuantity'' is the value of some ''MeasurableQuantity'' that is available to some agent for some purpose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, :QuantitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MeasurementResult ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Available ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AvailableSpace :ldoce "space" ; :wnsense "space3n" ; :wordnet "space" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'AvailableSpace' is a FreeSpaceRegion that is available for some use; this is usually some space on the Earth's surface or in a structure, but can be free space anywhere it might be used for some purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'space' in WordNet: 3. (12) space - - (an area reserved for some particular purpose; 'the laboratory's floor space') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreeSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Available ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :AvailableTime :en "available time", "remaining time", "time available" ; :ldoce "time" ; :wnsense "time3n" ; :wordnet "time" ; a :AttributeValueType, :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each insance of 'AvailableTime' is a TimeDuration available to some agent for accomplishing some action or set of actions. For an individual organism, the maximum 'AvailableTime' for any task would be its 'Lifetime'. The quantitative neasure is the difference between a 'Deadline'' and ''Now'' - specified in the parent ''NowTillDeadline''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'time' in WordNet: 3. (285) time - - (a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something; 'take time to smell the roses'; 'I didn't have time to finish'; 'it took more than half my time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NowTillDeadline, :Resource, :TimeDuration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Available ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remaining ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Avalanche :guid "c138db37-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "avalanche1n" ; :wordnet "avalanche" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialzation of #$NaturalHazard. Each instance of #Avalanche is an event in which a large amount of snow and ice falls down the side of a steep natural incline (such as the side of a mountain). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'avalanche' in WordNet: 1. avalanche - (a slide of large masses of snow and ice and mud down a mountain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RockOrSnowSlide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PileOfSnow ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DangerousSituation ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :AvenelArea :isSmallerThan :TheUnitedStatesArea ; a :CityRegion . :Avenel_NewJersey_USA :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :AvenelArea ; a :City, :USCity . :Avenue :wnsense "avenue2n", "boulevard1n" ; :wordnet "avenue", "boulevard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Wide ''Street'' regardless of what it's name happens to be. Width would be wider than just enough for two car lanes and parking on both sides - more than 50 feet? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'avenue' in WordNet: 2. avenue, boulevard - (a wide street or thoroughfare) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Street, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wide ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FiftyFeet ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumWidth ] . :Average :ldoce "average", "mean" ; :wnsense "average1n", "mean1n" ; :wordnet "average", "mean" ; a :AverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Quantity (pure number or a MeasurableQuantity having units of measure) that is calculated as the sum of two or more numbers, divided by the count of the numbers summed. This is an arithmetic mean, not a grade-point average for alphabetical grades, unless they are equivalent to numerical grades (e.g. 4=A, 3=B). WordNet does not have an exact match for this sense of 'average', the only noun sense is a subtype; but the WordNet noun sense 1 of 'mean' seems to correspond to this intended meaning: in WordNet: 1. (13) average, norm - (a statistic describing the location of a distribution; 'it set the norm for American homes') WN noun 'mean': 1. (11) mean, mean value - (an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingAnAverage ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :AverageAirTemperature a :AttributeValueType, :AverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AverageAirTemperature'' measure is an ''Average'' of the ''AirTemperaure'' is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere at some particular location at some particular time. For an average of such measurements over time use ''AverageHumidity''. NOTE that WN does not include 'humidity' as a label, though that is commonly used for this concept at east colloquially even if not technically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relative humidity' in WordNet: 1. (1) relative humidity - (the ratio of the amount of water in the air at a give temperature to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature; expressed as a percentage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirTemperature, :Average, :GroupAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirTemperatureGroup ; owl:onProperty :isTheAverageOf ] . :AverageCourseGrade :en "average course grade", "final grade average" ; :enn "average course grade" ; a :AverageType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AverageCourseGrade'' is the average of the ''CourseGrade''s that a Student received during some period in a ''School''. This could be for one year,or in (High school or college) for the entire two or three or four or more) years that the student attended that school. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Average, :Grade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AllCourseGrades ; owl:onProperty :isTheAverageOf ] . :AverageHumidity a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AverageHumidity'' measure is an ''Average'' of the ''RelativeHumidity'' measures, each taken at some particular location at some particular time, not all necessarily at the same location. NOTE that WN does not include 'humidity' as a label, though that is commonly used for this concept at east colloquially even if not technically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relative humidity' in WordNet: 1. (1) relative humidity - (the ratio of the amount of water in the air at a give temperature to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature; expressed as a percentage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Average, :GroupAttribute, :RelativeHumidity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AtmosphericWaterVapor ; owl:onProperty :isaConcentrationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelativeHumidityGroup ; owl:onProperty :isTheAverageOf ] . :AverageSpeed a :AverageType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AverageSpeed'' is a speed measure used to indicate an average or typical speed for things whose motion may vary, whether slowly or quickly, so that only an approximate speed is likely to be meaningful. This can be used as an instantaneous measure to approximate a speed at a particular time, or as an average overs ome interval of time.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Average, :SpeedMeasure . :AverageType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AverageType'' is a metatype whose instances will be subtypes of ''Average''. This will allow convenient relations to represent averages of quantities, whether pure numbers or measures combining quantifiers and units ofmeasure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :AverageValued :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalAttribute ; :ldoce "average" ; :wnsense "average1adj" ; :wordnet "average" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AverageValued' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and is applied to values of ''PhysicalAttribute''s that are ordered in some way, such as temperature, IQ, speed, hardness, age. This attribute implies some average or most common value relative to which the property is approximately the same. In some cases in COSMO, such relative attributes as 'high' and 'low' are represented directly, as in 'HighBodyTemperature', 'HighReflectance', 'HighlyCredible'. @TODo R1015: The method to relate this attribute to the more specific attributes such as above is not clear. Perhaps such attribute values are subtypes of this one?? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'average' in WordNet: 1. (43) average, mean - (approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value; 'the average income in New England is below that of the nation'; 'of average height for his age'; 'the mean annual rainfall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue . :AviationFuel a :LiquidSubstanceType, :PetroleumProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalSubstance consisting of Hydrocarbons, liquid at normal temperatures, and created to be used as a Fuel in engines that power airplanes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fuel, :Hydrocarbons, :LiquidSubstance . :Avitaminosis :wnsense "avitaminosis1n", "hypovitaminosis1n" ; :wordnet "avitaminosis", "hypovitaminosis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Avitaminosis'' is an AilmentCondition that is caused by intake of less of any vitamin than the body requires. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'avitaminosis' in WordNet: 1. avitaminosis, hypovitaminosis - (any of several diseases caused by deficiency of one or more vitamins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Malnutrition . :Avocado :wnsense "aguacate1n", "alligator pear1n", "avocado pear1n", "avocado1n" ; :wordnet "aguacate", "alligator pear", "avocado", "avocado pear" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Avocado'' is a juicy orange-sized fruit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'avocado' in WordNet: 1. (15) avocado, alligator pear, avocado pear, aguacate - (a pear-shaped tropical fruit with green or blackish skin and rich yellowish pulp enclosing a single large seed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AvocadoTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :AvocadoTree :wnsense "Persea Americana1n", "avocado tree1n", "avocado2n" ; :wordnet "Persea Americana", "avocado", "avocado tree" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'avocado tree' in WordNet: 1. avocado, avocado tree, Persea Americana - (tropical American tree bearing large pulpy green fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Avocado ; owl:onProperty :bearsFruitType ] . :Avoidable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :AvoidanceAction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :AvoidanceAction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unavoidable ; :wnsense "avertable1adj", "avertible1adj", "avoidable1adj", "evitable1adj" ; :wordnet "avertable", "avertible", "avoidable", "evitable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'avoidable' in Wordnet: 1. evitable, avoidable, avertible, avertable - (capable of being avoided or warded off) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AvoidanceAction :en "keep away from", "keep out of the way of", "stay clear from", "stay out of the way of", "steer clear of" ; :ldoce "avoid" ; :wnsense "avert1v", "avoid1v", "avoid2v", "avoidance1n", "debar2v", "deflect1v", "dodging3n", "fend off1v", "head off1v", "obviate2v", "shunning1n", "stave off1v", "turning away1n", "ward off1v" ; :wordnet "avert", "avoid", "avoidance", "debar", "deflect", "dodging", "fend off", "head off", "obviate", "shunning", "stave off", "turning away", "ward off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AvoidanceAction is any action in which a 'IntentionalAgent' intentionally avoids or attempts to avoid something. This is very general: the avoiding could be avoiding contact with a specific person or class of persons, avoiding eating certain types of food, avoiding thinking about something *or* avoiding an undesired situation by preventing others from having or doing something. Each AvoidanceAction is directed at some FutureSituation which is being avoided. This is the most general sense of 'acting so as to prevent some Event' in COSMO. In general, Agents act so as to cause some change, but agents can also act so as to prevent a change. This type represents the latter sense. Also, note that in COSMO an intentional avoidance of an Action is considered as an Action (deciding not to act is a kind of acting). More specific types will be 'Preventing'; its subtype 'Protecting', and its subtype 'Defending'. Includes verb sense 1 and 2 of 'avoid' in WordNet: 1. (25) avoid - (stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something; 'Her former friends now avoid her') 2. (22) debar, obviate, deflect, avert, head off, stave off, fend off, avoid, ward off - (prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening; 'Let's avoid a confrontation'; 'head off a confrontation'; 'avert a strike') WN noun 'avoidance': 1. (4) avoidance, turning away, shunning, dodging - (deliberately avoiding; keeping away from or preventing from happening) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity . :AvoidingWork :en "goofing off" ; :eng "goldbricking" ; :wnsense "fiddle1v", "goldbrick2v", "shirk1v", "shrink from1v" ; :wordnet "fiddle", "goldbrick", "shirk", "shrink from" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AvoidingWork'' is a ''Refraining'' action by an ''Idler' due to a dislke of working. This can be long-term and habitual, or just temporary, of any duration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shirk' in WordNet: 1. (2) fiddle, shirk, shrink from, goldbrick - (avoid (one's assigned duties); 'The derelict soldier shirked his duties') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refraining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Idler ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Awake :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingAwake ; :ldoce "awake" ; :wnsense "awake1adj", "awake2adj" ; :wordnet "awake" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that an animal is awake, not sleeping or unconscious, - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. @ToDo: This attribute is disjoint from 'asleep' and 'unconscious'. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'awake' in WordNet: 1. (9) awake - - (not in a state of sleep; completely conscious; 'lay awake thinking about his new job'; 'still not fully awake') 2. (2) alert, awake - - (not unconscious; especially having become conscious; 'the patient is now awake and alert') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conscious . :AwakeAndActive a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """AwakeAndActive is an attribute of people who are not only Awake, but are up and doing something. To represent someone fully occupied doing something, use 'Busy'. This is sense 1 of 'Active' in RHW (see also 'Active' in this ontology): 1. engaged in action; characterized by energetic work, participation, etc.; busy: an active life. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Active, :Awake . :Awakened :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Awakening ; :wnsense "awakened2adj" ; :wordnet "awakened" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Awakened'' is the attribute of an animal that has gone from sleep to an awake state due to a ''Awakening'' Action. This attribute will apply for some interval after the waking up, but is usually used to discuss the ''Awakening'' action trather than the 'awake' state. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'awakened' in WordNet: 2. awakened - ((somewhat formal) having been waked up; 'the awakened baby began to cry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Awakening :wnsense "awaken1v", "wake up1v", "waken1v" ; :wordnet "awaken", "wake up", "waken" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Awakening'' is an Action in which something causes an Animal to 'wake up',i.e. something causes a ''WakingUp'' action. The thing that does the ''Awakening'' can be an agent or a noise, or a shaking, or any of various things that can cause an animal to wake up from sleep. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wake up' in Wordnet: 1. (8) awaken, wake, waken, rouse, wake up, arouse - (cause to become awake or conscious; 'He was roused by the drunken men in the street'; 'Please wake me at 6 AM.') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WakingUp ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnconsciousnessOrSleeping ; owl:onProperty :hasPrecondition ] . :Award-Winning :isAnAttributeValueOf :Awardee ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :WinningAnAward ; :wnsense "award-winning1adj" ; :wordnet "award-winning" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'award-winning' in Wordnet: 1. award-winning - (having received awards; \"this award-winning bridge spans a distance of five miles\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :AwardRibbon :en "award ribbon" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that symbolizes that some person, organization, or thing has been awarded an HonorAward by some Authority, that consists of or has a part that is a ''Ribbon''. The small ribbons worn on the chest of a Military person symbolize the Military medals that that Person has received, and are themselves instances of this type, as well as other ribbons symbolizing awards. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AwardSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ribbon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :AwardSymbol :en "award" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that symbolizes that some person, organization, or thing has been awarded an HonorAward by some Authority. Trophies awarded for sports competitions, Military medals and the Oscar (Academy Award) are examples. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAccessibleIBO, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AwardType ] . :AwardType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AwardType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Award' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :Awardee :en "awardee" ; :enn "awardee" ; :wnsense "honoree1n" ; :wordnet "honoree" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Awardee'' is a ''Recipient'' of some instance of ''AwardType''. NOTE: 'honor' and 'award' are conflated here. Perhaps they may be distinguished??? Is a graduation diploma an 'award'? an 'honor'? RHW 'awardee': the recipient of an award. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honoree' in WordNet: 1. honoree - (a recipient of honors in recognition of noteworthy accomplishments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recipient, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WinningAnAward ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :AwardingAnAcademicDegree :ldoce "grant", "present" ; :wnsense "award1v", "grant5v", "present6v" ; :wordnet "award", "grant", "present" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GivingEvent in which a person (or person representing an EducationalOrganization) formally awards an 'EducationalDegree' to some person. The awarding may or may not be accompanied by a physical transfer of a paper symbolizing the degree,and it may or may not be done in public; it could merely be recording of the successful completion of degre requirements on school records.. This is for 'degrees' from high school and higher levels of education; 'graduating' from Kindergargten or a primary school is not included. 'Graduating' is a separate type of Action. Awarding a degree is distinctive and is not represented by any other type of 'GivingEvent'. However, if the presentation of a degree is accompanied at the same time as presentation of other honors, a separate 'AwardingAnHonor' event may co-occur with the 'AwardingAnAcademicDegree' event. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'award' and part of sense 6 of 'present' and part of sense 5 of 'grant' in WordNet: 1. (3) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation') WN verb 'grant' 5. (2) grant, give - (bestow, especially officially; 'grant a degree'; 'give a divorce'; 'This bill grants us new rights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :EducationalDegree ] . :AwardingAnHonor :ldoce "present" ; :wnsense "award1v", "bestow1v", "confer2v", "present6v" ; :wordnet "award", "bestow", "confer", "present" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GivingEvent in which a person (or person representing an Organization) gives an HonorAward (an abstract MentalObject) to another person. The awarding may be in any form, including a public award ceremony where a symbolic object is given (in which case it is also an instance of PresentingaGiftOrHonor); or merely by announcing publicly that the awardee was chosen as the recipient of the honor. Note that when an HonorAward is awarded together with a medal or other token, it is an instance both of 'PresentingaGiftOrHonor' and 'AwardingAnHonor'. For awards of academic degrees, use 'AwardingAnAcademicDegree'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'award' and part of sense 6 of 'present' in WordNet: 1. (3) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation') WN verb 'bestow': 1. (4) confer, bestow - (present; 'The university conferred a degree on its most famous former student, who never graduated'; 'bestow an honor on someone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PresentingaGiftOrHonor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :AwardType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WinningAnAward ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Awardee ; owl:onProperty :hadHonoree ] . :AwareOfSomething :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Awareness, :Consciousness ; :ldoce "conscious" ; :wnsense "conscious3adj" ; :wordnet "conscious" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'AwareOfSomething' is a QualitativeAttributeValue describing a 'IntentionalAgent' who knows that some Situation is true. In COSMO the 'thing' that an Agent is AwareOf is represented as an Assertion. This is a state of knowledge, not a PhysiologicalCondition. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'conscious' in WordNet, but restricted to uses with 'conscious of'. in WordNet: WN 'conscious' 3. conscious - ((followed by 'of') showing realization or recognition of something; 'few voters seem conscious of the issue's importance'; 'conscious of having succeeded'; 'the careful tread of one conscious of his alcoholic load'- Thomas Hardy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive . :Awareness :wnsense "awareness1n", "awareness2n" ; :wordnet "awareness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Awareness' is a specialization of 'Consciousness' and of 'MentalState': it is more than just the physiological condition of being 'conscious', it includes being 'aware' of one's situation. This type includes both a broad awareness of one's general situation - past and present, and potential future, as well as specific awareness of parts of that situation. This type borders on the notion of 'knowledge' but is intended to include awareness of things that can be perceived, both external and internal to the body. Since the awareness of things perceived can lead directly to inferences about things not perceived, the borderline between Awareness and Knowledge may be hard to discern. This is not identical to Wordnet sense 1 of 'awareness' because it does not include a knowledge that was created by past events, but does include knowledge created by present perceptions. This is for such situations as 'awareness of his presence', 'an awareness of an unusually high humidity'. @ToDo: should this be *part* of consciousness or *caused by* consciousness? Includes parts of noun sense 1 and 2 of 'awareness' in WordNet: 1. (10) awareness, consciousness, cognizance, cognisance, knowingness - - (having knowledge of; 'he had no awareness of his mistakes'; 'his sudden consciousness of the problem he faced'; 'their intelligence and general knowingness was impressive') 2. (2) awareness, sentience - - (state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness; 'the crash intruded on his awareness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Consciousness, :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceiving ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AwareOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Awe :guid "bd58e10e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isanIntensiveFormOf :Wonder ; :wnsense "awe1n" ; :wordnet "awe" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Awe'' is an intensive form of 'Wonder' that includes some elements of ''Respect'' and ''Admiration'' - which does not require that it is directed toward a Person. . This is used variously. Instead of the CYC 'veneration' this type inlcudes ''Respect''. CYC: Emotion inspired by something which arouses one's deep respect, veneration and wonder. Implies a sense of being overwhelmed or overcome by great superiority or impressiveness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'awe' in WordNet: 1. (4) awe - (an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration; 'he stared over the edge with a feeling of awe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Admiration, :Respect, :Wonder . :Awe-inspiring :isTheOppositeOf :Unimpressive ; :wnsense "amazing2adj", "awe-inspiring1adj", "awesome1adj", "awing1adj" ; :wordnet "amazing", "awe-inspiring", "awesome", "awing" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute s represents the literal ability to inspire ''Awe''. The term 'awesome' is used more colloquially as a synonym for 'superb'. NOTE: 'awful' is seldom used in this sense, is omitted.to avoid confusion. As an adverb, that usage is more common. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'awe-inspiring' in Wordnet: 1. (1) amazing, awe-inspiring, awesome, awful, awing - (inspiring awe or admiration or wonder; 'New York is an amazing city'; 'the Grand Canyon is an awe-inspiring sight'; 'the awesome complexity of the universe'; 'this sea, whose gently awful stirrings seem to speak of some hidden soul beneath'- Melville; 'Westminster Hall's awing majesty, so vast, so high, so silent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Remarkable . :Awed :en "in awe" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Abominable ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Awe, :BeingImpressed ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CausingAwe ; :wnsense "awed2adj", "awestricken1adj", "awestruck1adj", "in awe of1adj" ; :wordnet "awed", "awestricken", "awestruck", "in awe of" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Awed'' is an attribute value a Person who has observed something ''Awe-inspiring''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'awed' in Wordnet: 2. (1) awed, awestruck, awestricken, in awe of - (having or showing a feeling of mixed reverence and respect and wonder and dread; 'stood in awed silence before the shrine'; 'in grim despair and awestruck wonder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impressed . :Awesome :en "awesome" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Excellent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Awe ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Awesome' is the colloquial term used recently to mean approximately the same as ''Superb'', often just as an exaggerated way to express 'very good. NOTE: Literallyinterpreted , it suggests causing ''Awe'', though this sense is used colloquially to mean only that something is especially ''Excellent''. The 'awe-casing' sense is represented by ''Awe-Inspiring''. This term is not in WN in this sense. RHW adj 'awesome': 3. Slang. very impressive: That new white convertible is totally awesome. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impressive, :Superb . :Awful :isMoreIntenseThan :Unpleasant ; :wnsense "awful1adj" ; :wordnet "awful" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A higher intensity of 'Unpleasant' For the sense of 'badly behaved' use 'Nasty' This sense includes all degrees of unpleasantness beyond the most general 'Unpleasant' level. THe more specific meanings where something is not only very unpleasant, but causes fear, are represented as the subtype 'Terrible'. Some degrees of unpleasantness are represented by words in WordNet 'awful' sense 1, that are not yet (r771) separately represented in COSMO. This corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'nasty' and parts of senses 1 and 3 of 'awful' and 1 and 2 of 'terrible' in WordNet. This is for things that are unpleasant, not for those merely bad in quality. in WordNet: WN 'nasty' 1. (2) nasty, awful - (offensive or even (of persons) malicious; 'in a nasty mood'; 'a nasty accident'; 'a nasty shock'; 'a nasty smell'; 'a nasty trick to pull'; 'Will he say nasty things at my funeral?'- Ezra Pound) WN 'awful' 1. (10) atrocious, abominable, awful, dreadful, painful, terrible, unspeakable - (exceptionally bad or displeasing; 'atrocious taste'; 'abominable workmanship'; 'an awful voice'; 'dreadful manners'; 'a painful performance'; 'terrible handwriting'; 'an unspeakable odor came sweeping into the room') 2. (4) awful, dire, direful, dread, dreaded, dreadful, fearful, fearsome, frightening, horrendous, horrific, terrible - (causing fear or dread or terror; 'the awful war'; 'an awful risk'; 'dire news'; 'a career or vengeance so direful that London was shocked'; 'the dread presence of the headmaster'; 'polio is no longer the dreaded disease it once was'; 'a dreadful storm'; 'a fearful howling'; 'horrendous explosions shook the city'; 'a terrible curse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpleasant . :Awfully :en "very badly" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :VeryBad ; :wnsense "awfully3adv", "terribly2adv" ; :wordnet "awfully", "terribly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Awfully'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the manner of performing the Action was ''VeryBad'' or ''Poor-Performing'' in quality or ''BadlyBehaved'' in terms of moral judgment. This can be an evaluation of quality of performance, or a judgment of appropriateness or moral censure: RWH 'awfully': 2. in a manner provoking censure, disapproval, or the like: 'She behaved awfully all evening.' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'awfully' in WordNet: 3. terribly, atrociously, awfully, abominably, abysmally, rottenly - (in a terrible manner; 'she sings terribly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Awkward :isTheOppositeOf :Graceful ; :ldoce "awkward" ; :wnsense "awkward2adj" ; :wordnet "awkward" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Awkward is an attribute of a person who lacks skill or ease in performing some action. This corresponds to the first three senses from the Random House Webster: 1. lacking skill or dexterity; clumsy. 2. lacking grace or ease in movement: an awkward gesture; an awkward dancer. 3. lacking social graces or manners: a simple, awkward frontiersman. 4. not well planned or designed for easy or effective use: an awkward instrument; an awkward method. 5. requiring caution; somewhat hazardous; dangerous: an awkward turn in the road. 6. hard to deal with; difficult; requiring skill, tact, or the like: an awkward situation; an awkward customer. 7. embarrassing or inconvenient; caused by lack of social grace: an awkward moment 8. Obs. untoward; perverse. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'awkward' in WordNet, not including attributes of objects such as 'awkward knot': in WordNet: 2. (2) awkward - (lacking grace or skill in manner or movement or performance; 'an awkward dancer'; 'an awkward gesture'; 'too awkward with a needle to make her own clothes'; 'his clumsy fingers produced an awkward knot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Awkwardly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Awkward ; :wnsense "awkwardly1adv" ; :wordnet "awkwardly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'awkwardly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) awkwardly - (in an awkward manner; \"he bent awkwardly\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Awry :wnsense "askew1adj", "awry1adj", "cockeyed1adj", "lopsided2adj", "skew-whiff1adj" ; :wordnet "askew", "awry", "cockeyed", "lopsided", "skew-whiff" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Awry'' is a shape. For 'wonky' meaning 'unstable', use ''Wobbly''. 'wonky' - not used in this sense (British term). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lopsided' in Wordnet: 2. askew, awry, cockeyed, lopsided, wonky, skew-whiff - (turned or twisted toward one side; 'a...youth with a gorgeous red necktie all awry'- G.K.Chesterton; 'his wig was, as the British say, skew-whiff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asymmetric . :Axe :guid "bd58d9f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ax1n", "axe1n" ; :wordnet "ax", "axe" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A hand tool used for cutting, comprised of a long handle and a heavy wedge-shaped head with one sharp edge. COSMO note: an ''Axe'' may have more than one cutting edge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'axe' in Wordnet: 1. (8) ax, axe - (an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :EdgeTool, :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Axillary :pertainsTo :Armpit ; :wnsense "axillary2adj" ; :wordnet "axillary" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Axillary'' is an attribute Pertaining to the human 'Armpit' and its methods and activities Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'axillary' in Wordnet: 2. axillary - (of or relating to the armpit; 'axillary gland') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Axiom :en "implication", "logical implication" ; :wnsense "axiom2n" ; :wordnet "axiom" ; a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Axiom in COSMO is a ''LogicalSentence'' in a form: antecedent-consequent (if - then). It is a Group with one element being the 'Antecedent'' and a second element being the 'Consequent''. It may have other elements specifying the origin, scope, and context (such as the theory including this Axiom) in which the axiom applies. It will typically have variables in it, and may be arbitrarily complex, with 'and's and 'or's. Both implications (implies) and biimplications (if and only if) rules are included, This is more specialized in meaning than the normal interpretation of 'axiom' in logic. An ''Axiom'' is a 'LogicalSentence'' in which the two ''LogicalAssertion''s are connected by the tacit relation 'implies'. This logical relation is part of the logical language in which an ontology is represented, and does not need to be explicitly represented as a 'property' in the ontology. However, the term ''follows' in the logical sense of 'implies' is present in texts, so the term 'implies' is represented as ''Conjunction'' and is considered as part of this Group of elements, in order to have some representation in an OWL format. If the order of Antecedent and Consequent are inverted, the Conjunction ''followsFrom'' would be the connector. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'axiom' in WordNet: 2. axiom - ((logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :LogicalAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unproven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractString ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Antecedent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :implies ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThirdElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Consequent ] . :Axis :wnsense "axis1n" ; :wordnet "axis" ; a :ObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Axis'' is a ''StraightLine'' in some geometric or real space. In graphical plots this can be refered to as one of the 'coordinates'. 'X-axis','Y-axis', 'Z-axis' RHW 'axis': 5. Analytic Geom.: any line used as a fixed reference in conjunction with one or more other references for determining the position of a point or of a series of points forming a curve or a surface. Cf. x-axis, y-axis. Corresponds approximately (?) to noun sense 1 of 'axis' in WordNet: 1. (6) axis - (a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StraightLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LocatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :AxisOfRotation :wnsense "axis of rotation1n", "axis2n" ; :wordnet "axis", "axis of rotation" ; a :ObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An''AxisOfRotation'' is an ''Axis'' (a ''StraightLine''), in Physical space; it is an abstract object, *not* a PhysicalObject that is in that line. The PhysicalObject that is rotating around and along that ''AxisOfRotation'' is represented as a ''PhysicalAxis'' An ''AxisOfRotation'' has a 'direction' that is the conventional vector for rotations, specified by the 'right hand rule. So for spinning objects near the Earth's surface, it might point up or down, depending on the direction of rotation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'axis of rotation' in WordNet: 1. axis, axis of rotation - (the center around which something rotates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Axis, :Place-NonAgent, :SpaceLine-Empirical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalAxis ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :Axle :guid "c100836c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "axle1n" ; :wordnet "axle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bar that a wheel or wheels are mounted on and that supports the wheel(s) as they turn. COSMO note: this is a generic axle, around which any wheel on any vehcle can turn - it does not necessarily have to be the axle supporting the wheels of a land vehicle. An Axle is a SupportingObject because it either supports the wheel or supports an object and is in turn supported by the wheel. SUMO: Axle is a class of Devices each of which can be paired with two or more VehicleWheels to rotate and move a RoadVehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'axle' in WordNet: 1. (1) axle - (a shaft on which a wheel rotates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shaft, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WheeledTransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Axon :guid "c04d6769-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "axon1n", "axone1n" ; :wordnet "axon", "axone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Axon'' is one type of ''NerveFiber''; another is a 'dendrite'. CC: The collection of all axons (or 'neuraxons'), which are fibers of a #$Neuron which transmit signals away from the cell body to other #$Neurons or #$MuscleTissue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'axon' in WordNet: 1. axon, axone - (long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NerveFiber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Azalea :guid "bd58a96c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "azalea1n" ; :wordnet "azalea" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Azalea'' is a type of ''Rhododendron'' bush with smaller leaves and flowers than the bush usually referred to as a 'rhododendron'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'azalea' in WordNet: 1. azalea - (any of numerous ornamental shrubs grown for their showy flowers of various colors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeathOrder, :Rhododendron . :Azerbaijan :wnsense "Azerbaijan1n" ; :wordnet "Azerbaijan" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Azerbaijan' in WordNet: 1. Azerbaijan, Azerbaijani Republic, Azerbajdzhan, Azerbajdzhan Republic - (a landlocked republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian soviet) """ . :BB :wnsense "BB1n" ; :wordnet "BB" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small ''Pellet'', usually of metal such as brass, close to spherical and designed to be fired from a BB gun or pellet gun. Not classified as a ''ProjectileWeapon'' because it is not usually used to harm agents,more commonly as a toy for entertainment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'BB' in WordNet: 1. BB, BB shot - (a small pellet fired from an air rifle or BB gun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pellet, :Projectile . :BC_100 a :TimePoint . :BC_4000 a :TimePoint . :BFO a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an entity in 'BFO' (the 'BasicFormal ontology'. The BFO entities are not thoroughly unambiguously defined, and it is not certain that all users of BFO will interpret this in the same sense. Thus the BFO term is only approximately synonymous with the entry.""" ; rdfs:label "BFO term" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :BLDG_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment "The prefix used in labels for the Address of a building." . :BTUs a :EnergyUnit, :HeatUnit . :Baa :en "baaing" ; :isEmittedBy :Sheep ; :wnsense "baa1n", "baa1v" ; :wordnet "baa" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A baaing sound made by a sheep. Includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'baa' in WordNet: WN noun 'baa': 1. baa - (the cry made by sheep) WN verb 'baa': 1. bleat, blate, blat, baa - (cry plaintively; 'The lambs were bleating') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :Babbling :eng "babbling" ; :wnsense "babble1v" ; :wordnet "babble" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Babbling'' is a Speaking in which the words do not make sense - this can be done by a baby, or by someone with mental problems. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'babble' in WordNet: 1. (3) babble - (utter meaningless sounds, like a baby, or utter in an incoherent way; 'The old man is only babbling-don't pay attention') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incomprehensible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Baboon :guid "bd58b38f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baboon1n" ; :wordnet "baboon" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baboon' in WordNet: 1. baboon - (large terrestrial monkeys having doglike muzzles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Monkey . :BabyBed :wnsense "baby bed1n", "baby's bed1n" ; :wordnet "baby bed", "baby's bed" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BabyBed'' is any type of small ''Bed'' used for a 'Baby'' to sleep, usually having raised sides to allow babies to sleep with no risk of falling out. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baby bed' in Wordnet: 1. baby bed, baby's bed - (a small bed for babies; enclosed by sides to prevent the baby from falling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :BabyBeethoven :hasMassInGrams "4000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; :isaTimeSliceOf :Beethoven4D ; a :NewbornAnimal, :Person, :TimeSlice . :BabyCarriage :en "baby-carriage" ; :isDesignedToContain :HumanInfant ; :ldoce "carriage" ; :wnsense "baby buggy1n", "baby carriage1n", "carriage5n", "perambulator1n", "pram1n", "stroller2n" ; :wordnet "baby buggy", "baby carriage", "carriage", "perambulator", "pram", "stroller" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small carriage with a handle on one end, used to conveniently transport a baby. Small enough for a person to lift, but at the outer limit of size for a 'PortableObject'. The dimensions are for the fully open carriage, and may be significantly smaller in some dimension if the carriage is folded up. NOTE that this type includes a ''DollCarriage'' as subtype - close in design. RHW 'baby carriage': a conveyance similar to an infant's crib set on four wheels and meant to be pushed. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'carriage' in WordNet: 5. baby buggy, baby carriage, carriage, perambulator, pram, stroller, go-cart, pushchair, pusher - (a small vehicle with four wheels in which a baby or child is pushed around) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cart, :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :MusclePoweredDevice-Pushed, :PortableObject, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FourWheels ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "180"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "120"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "120"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters ] . :BabySitter :guid "bd58a951-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baby-sitter1n", "babysitter1n", "sitter3n" ; :wordnet "baby-sitter", "babysitter", "sitter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BabySitter'' is a Person who performs ''BabySitting'' for some interval of time, andisusually paid for that task. If done regularly, especially for some particular child or family, the ''BabySitter'' may be called by that term even when s/he is not performing that task. A ''BabySitter'' typically works only part-time for a few hours at a time, and is often a teenager Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'babysitter' in WordNet: 1. babysitter, baby-sitter, sitter - (a person engaged to care for children when the parents are not home) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildGuardian, :ChildcareWorker, :Watcher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BabySitting ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :BabySitting :en "babysit" ; :guid "bd58b2e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baby sitting1n", "baby-sit2v", "babysitting1n", "sit7v" ; :wordnet "baby sitting", "baby-sit", "babysitting", "sit" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BabySitting'' is a ''GuardingaChild'', usually for only part of a day,and usually at the home of the child. Typically this is done in the evening while the parent(s) are out of the house for more than a few minutes. CYC: A non-parent temporarily caring for an infant. This definition could be changed if we want to consider situations where a parent cares for his/her own child to be babysitting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'babysitting' in WordNet: 1. babysitting, baby sitting - (the work of a baby sitter; caring for children when their parents are not home) WN verb 'baby-sit': 2. baby-sit, sit - (work or act as a baby-sitter; 'I cannot baby-sit tonight; I have too much homework to do') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuardingaChild, :KeepingWatch, :TakingCareOfaChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BabySitter ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residence ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :Babyhood :wnsense "babyhood2n", "infancy2n" ; :wordnet "babyhood", "infancy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the 'state' that occurs during the ''LifeStage'' of ''Infancy''. This nuanced distinction is necessary logically though it hss little effect on linguistic usaage. parent should be: [[immaturity, immaturenes]] Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'babyhood' in WordNet: 2. infancy, babyhood - (the earliest state of immaturity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immaturity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infant ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Childhood ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ] . :Babyish :wnsense "babyish1adj" ; :wordnet "babyish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Babyish'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of anything feature or behavior that resebles that of a ''Baby''. Applied to actions, it means the behavior is very immature,but usually only in some respect. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'babyish' in Wordnet: 1. babyish - (characteristic of a baby; 'babyish tears and petulance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immature . :Bacchanalia :wnsense "bacchanal3n", "bacchanalia2n", "debauch1n", "debauchery1n", "drunken revelry1n", "orgy3n", "riot4n", "saturnalia2n" ; :wordnet "bacchanal", "bacchanalia", "debauch", "debauchery", "drunken revelry", "orgy", "riot", "saturnalia" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Unrestrainedpartying with more than one couple engaging in sexual intercourse. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bacchanalia' in WordNet: 2. orgy, debauch, debauchery, saturnalia, riot, bacchanal, bacchanalia, drunken revelry - (a wild gathering involving excessive drinking and promiscuity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Partygoing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanSexualIntercourse ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swinger-Sexual ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Bachelor :wnsense "bachelor1n", "unmarried man1n" ; :wordnet "bachelor", "unmarried man" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bachelor' in WordNet: 1. (2) bachelor, unmarried man - (a man who has never been married) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NeverMarried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BachelorOfArtsDegree :guid "bd58a97e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "AB1n", "Artium Baccalaurens1n", "BA2n", "Bachelor of Arts1n" ; :wordnet "AB", "Artium Baccalaurens", "BA", "Bachelor of Arts" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bachelor of arts' in WordNet: 1. Bachelor of Arts, BA, Artium Baccalaurens, AB - (a bachelor's degree in arts and sciences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BachelorsDegree . :BachelorOfBusinessAdministrationDegree :guid "bd58ffb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BachelorsDegree . :BachelorOfScienceDegree :guid "bd58ff76-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "BS1n", "Bachelor of Science1n", "SB2n" ; :wordnet "BS", "Bachelor of Science", "SB" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bachelor of science' in WordNet: 1. (1) Bachelor of Science, BS, SB - (a bachelor's degree in science) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BachelorsDegree . :Bachelorette :wnsense "bachelor girl1n", "bachelorette1n" ; :wordnet "bachelor girl", "bachelorette" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: an older ''NeverMarried'' woman has different terms applied, e.g. 'spinster'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bachelorette' in WordNet: 1. bachelor girl, bachelorette - (a young unmarried woman who lives alone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Woman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NeverMarried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BachelorsDegree :guid "bd58a9be-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baccalaureate2n", "bachelor's degree1n" ; :wordnet "baccalaureate", "bachelor's degree" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The educational degrees normally issued after passing four years of college. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bachelor's degree' in WordNet: 1. bachelor's degree, baccalaureate - (an academic degree conferred on someone who has successfully completed undergraduate studies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalDegree . :Bacillus :wnsense "bacillus1n" ; :wordnet "bacillus" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacillus' in WordNet: 1. bacillus, B - (aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eubacterium . :Back :isAnOrganicPartOf :Torso ; :ldoce "back" ; :wnsense "back1n" ; :wordnet "back" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The dorsal part of a animal body, in vertebrates extending from the neck to the lower end of the spine. In a standing human facing forward, the surface of this part is facing opposite to the way the face is facing. NOTE that this is not a subtype of 'BackSide', which would include the whole back side of some object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'back' in WordNet: 1. (53) back, dorsum - (the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; 'his back was nicely tanned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :BackCountry :wnsense "back country1n", "backwoods1n", "boondocks1n", "hinterland1n" ; :wordnet "back country", "backwoods", "boondocks", "hinterland" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BackCountry'' is a ''RuralArea'' that is undeveloped and sparsely populated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'back country' in WordNet: 1. (1) backwoods, back country, boondocks, hinterland - (a remote and undeveloped area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RuralArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :UrbanArea . :BackOfaPerson :isAnOrganicPartOf :Person ; :ldoce "back" ; :wnsense "back1n" ; :wordnet "back" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BackOfaPerson'' is a ''Back'' (dorsal part) on a human being (Person). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'back' in WordNet: 1. (53) back, dorsum - (the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; 'his back was nicely tanned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Back, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :BackPay :en "back pay", "backpay" ; :enn "back pay" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BackPay'' is a form of ''Remuneration'' for work done earlier for which no Remuneration has yet been given (whether or not it was due earlier). NO WN or RHW sense. Web dictionary 'back pay': payment for work done in the past that was withheld at the time, or for work that could have been done had the worker not been prevented from doing so. 'Hickman should be provided back pay plus any expenses' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Remuneration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaQuidForQuo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:WorkingEvent :ServiceEventType ) ] ] . :BackRest :wnsense "back8n", "backrest1n" ; :wordnet "back", "backrest" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BackRest'' is the back part of a ''SeatingDevice'' that keeps the sitter from falling backward. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'back' in Wordnet: 8. back, backrest - (a support that you can lean against while sitting; 'the back of the dental chair was adjustable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePart, :RearPartOfAnObject, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SeatingDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BackOfaPerson ; owl:onProperty :supportsPartly ] . :BackSide :guid "bd59048d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "back" ; :wnsense "back2n" ; :wordnet "back" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes the part that is distant from (and therefore not seen by) the observer/speaker, in cases where the whole object does not have a distinctive 'front' and 'back'.: e.g. 'the back side of the moon' (i.e. the far side, not seen from Earth) Cyc: A specialization of #$Side. Each instance of #$BackSide is the entire back side (as conventionally understood) of an object that has distinct sides, one of which faces backwards. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'back' in WordNet: 2. (12) rear, back - (the side that goes last or is not normally seen; 'he wrote the date on the back of the photograph') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Side . :Backache :wnsense "backache1n" ; :wordnet "backache" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ache that appears to be located inside one's ''Back''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backache' in Wordnet: 1. backache - (an ache localized in the back) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ache, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Back ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :Backbiting :wnsense "backbite1v" ; :wordnet "backbite" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Backbiting'' is a ''ComplainingAboutSomething'' where the something is a Person and the complaining is done to another Person without the object of the complaint being present. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'backbite' in WordNet: 1. backbite, bitch - (say mean things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComplainingAboutSomething, :Criticizing, :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Critical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cruel ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Backboard-Basketball :wnsense "backboard1n", "basketball backboard1n" ; :wordnet "backboard", "basketball backboard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Backboard-Basketball'' is a Board at the end of a Basketball court that supports the 'net'. at a level about ten feet above the court surface. The restriction describes its orientation (''Vertical'') when in place on the court. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backboard' in WordNet: 1. backboard, basketball backboard - (a raised vertical board with basket attached; used to play basketball; 'he banked the shot off the backboard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :GameArtifact, :GameEquipment, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BasketballGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BasketballNet ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :Backdrop :wnsense "backcloth1n", "backdrop1n", "background8n" ; :wordnet "backcloth", "backdrop", "background" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Usually large - add minimum size?? NOTE: this does not include rigid objects, it has to be flexible fabric. A Rigid rear scene would be an instance of the parent ''StageScenery''. @ToDo: Locating this is clumsy - need more detail about locations of things in a Room. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backdrop' in WordNet: 1. (1) backdrop, background, backcloth - (scenery hung at back of stage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FabricObject, :StageScenery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :RearOfaStage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :BackSide ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Place ] . :Backfiring :wnsense "backfire2n", "backfire2v" ; :wordnet "backfire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Backfiring'' is to emit a sudden loud 'bang', due to the release of pressure in a manner other than the design function. This is commonly associated with internal combustion engines that release burned gas from a point other than the exhaust pipe. RHW 'backfire': 1. (of an internal-combustion engine) to have a loud, premature explosion in the intake manifold. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'backfire' in WordNet: 2. backfire - (a loud noise made by the explosion of fuel in the manifold or exhaust of an internal combustion engine) WN verb 'backfire': 2. backfire - (emit a loud noise as a result of undergoing a backfire; 'My old car backfires all the time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Backgammon :wnsense "backgammon1n" ; :wordnet "backgammon" ; a :GameType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backgammon' in WordNet: 1. backgammon - (a board game for two players; pieces move according to throws of the dice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoardGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Backgammon-Piece ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfDice ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Backgammon-Board ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Backgammon-Board :guid "c0e08df8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "backgammon board1n" ; :wordnet "backgammon board" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all Backgammon boards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backgammon board' in WordNet: 1. backgammon board - (the board on which backgammon is played) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameBoard, :SmallObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject . :Backgammon-EquipmentSet :en "backgammon set" ; :enn "backgammon set" ; :guid "c1580ede-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all Backgammon sets. A Backgammon set is the set of all the objects -- #$Backgammon-Board, #$Backgammon-Piece, #$Die-TheCube, #$DiceShakers and #$DoublingCube -- that are #$instrument-Generic in a (#$PlayingFn #$Backgammon) event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoardGame-EquipmentSet, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfDice ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Backgammon-Board ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "30" ; owl:hasValue :Backgammon-Piece ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Backgammon-Piece :en "backgammon chip", "backgammon piece" ; :guid "be9166b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all Backgammon pieces. Sometimes similar to a ''Checker'' which can be used for that purpose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :GameChip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CheckerPiece ; owl:onProperty :resembles ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Background :ldoce "background" ; :wnsense "background2n" ; :wordnet "background" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'Background' is a 'View' (a LightPropagationEvent) that is part of a larger 'View' and is generated by objects at a farther distance from the viewer than are the objects in the Foreground. NOTE that this is not part of a picture, or any other PhysicalObject, but part of the Event of light radiation that is visible to an Agent. Instantiating a 'Background' requires specifying the whole 'View' of which is is a part (which in turn requires specifying some Person to whom it was visible). @ToDo: relation to image?? This does not seem to capture all of the sense of 'view' or 'background'; there should be something that causes the LightRaditaionEvent represented. Perhaps this sould be the object that is part of the object that causes the LightPropagationEvent. WordNet hypernym 'view' is 'the visual percept of a region' - not that clear either. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'background' in WordNet: 2. (6) background, ground - (the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground; 'he posed her against a background of rolling hills') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :View ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasVisibleTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ] . :BackgroundColor :wnsense "background color1n" ; :wordnet "background color" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BackgroundColor'' is the dominant ColorAttribute of an Object that has more than one Color on its surface (not ''SolidColored''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :BackgroundExperiences :ldoce "background", "experience" ; :wnsense "background1n", "experience1n" ; :wordnet "background", "experience" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type 'BackgroundExperiences' is *any* Group of Experiences that a person has had; specific subtypes may be, for example, the sum of all Experiences that a person has had over the lifetime to date, including his/her ethnic, economic and cultural heritage; or may be grouped as experiences relevant to some purpose (as in work experience). Each element of the whole 'BackgroundExperiences' is an individual Experience for that Person. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of bacground and noun sense 1 of 'experience' in WordNet: 1. (8) background - (a person's social heritage: previous experience or training; 'he is a lawyer with a sports background') WN noun 'experience': 1. (52) experience - (the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities; 'a man of experience'; 'experience is the best teacher') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Experience ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Backhoe :guid "bd58a254-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "backhoe1n" ; :wordnet "backhoe" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of backhoes, a kind of machine used to dig large holes and trenches. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backhoe' in WordNet: 1. backhoe - (an excavator whose shovel bucket is attached to a hinged boom and is drawn backward to move earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarthMovingVehicle, :Excavator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excavating ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Backlighting :en "backlight", "backlighting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Backlighting'' is an ''IlluminatingSomethingAction'' Action in which the light comes from 'behind' the Object as viewed by an observer. RHW noun 'backlighting': a controlled technique of lighting, used in photography or the theater, in which a light is placed behind or at right angles to an object, person, or scene to produce such effects as depth or separation of subject and background. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IlluminatingSomethingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Observer ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ] . :BacklightingEquipment :wnsense "backlighting1n" ; :wordnet "backlighting" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BacklightingEquipment'' is the ''LightingEquipment'' used to light something from behind. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backlighting' in WordNet: 1. backlighting - (lighting from behind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightingEquipment . :Backlog :wnsense "backlog1n" ; :wordnet "backlog" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Backlog'' is some Group of ''UndoneTask''s that should have already been done or need to be done in the near future. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backlog' in WordNet: 1. (1) backlog - (an accumulation of jobs not done or materials not processed that are yet to be dealt with (especially unfilled customer orders for products or services)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UndoneTasks, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urgent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Backpack :guid "bd58972f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "back pack1n", "backpack1n", "knapsack1n", "rucksack1n" ; :wordnet "back pack", "backpack", "knapsack", "rucksack" ; a :ClothingType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A fabric bag having two ''ShoulderStrap''s designed to be carried on the back. The WordNet synonym 'knapsack' is usually used for a large pack, such as carried by hikers or soldiers. This sense includes all sizes. RHW 'knapsack': a canvas, nylon, or leather bag for clothes, food, and other supplies, carried on the back by soldiers, hikers, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backpack' in Wordnet: 1. backpack, back pack, knapsack, packsack, rucksack, haversack - (a bag carried by a strap on your back or shoulder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :NonPoweredDevice, :PortableCarrier, :SomethingToWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fabric ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoulder ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoShoulderStraps ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :BackpackHiking :en "backpacking" ; :wnsense "backpack1v", "pack8v" ; :wordnet "backpack", "pack" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BackpackHiking'' is hiking while carrying a ''backpack'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backpack' in WordNet: 1. backpack, pack - (hike with a backpack; 'Every summer they are backpacking in the Rockies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Backpacking, :CarryingWhileLocomoting, :Hiking . :Backpacking :wnsense "backpacking1n", "packing3n" ; :wordnet "backpacking", "packing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Backpacking'' is carrying a ''Backpack'' regardless of the position or state of motion of the person Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backpacking' in WordNet: 1. packing, backpacking - (carrying something in a pack on the back; 'the backpacking of oxygen is essential for astronauts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carrying, :HumanActivity . :BackpackingTent :wnsense "backpacking tent1n", "pack tent1n" ; :wordnet "backpacking tent", "pack tent" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backpacking tent' in WordNet: 1. backpacking tent, pack tent - (a tent that can be carried in a backpack) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Canvas ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Backpedaling :wnsense "backpedal3v" ; :wordnet "backpedal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Backpedaling'' is a ''Rethinking'' in which an earlier Opinion on the same topic is changed to accommodate criticism from others. NOTE: this implies that the agent with the earlier opinion asserted it to some other(s) and the opinion was criticized. These prior Events are not yet represented. The term 'backpedal' is often used to refer to the modified *assertion* rather than the modified opinion.needs supplementation. The WN synset may include modifyig one's *asserted* opinion. **NOTE** on backpedal: two other WN synsets are not yet represented. 1. backpedal - (pedal backwards on a bicycle) 2. backpedal - (step backwards, in boxing) Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'backpedal' in WordNet: 3. backpedal - (modify one's opinion, make it less strong) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rethinking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opinion ] . :Backseat :wnsense "backseat1n" ; :wordnet "backseat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backseat' in WordNet: 1. backseat - (a secondary or inferior position or status; 'tennis has had to take a backseat while his work is so demanding') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LowStatus . :Backstabbing :en "backstab" ; :eng "backstabbing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Backstabbing'' is a ''Criticizing'' where the Person doing the criticizing was not previously considered as unfrendly, and the action is performed in an ''Underhanded'' manner in the absence of the person criticized. No WN sense. RHW 'backstab': to attempt to discredit (a person) by underhanded means, as innuendo, accusation, or the like. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criticizing, :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Underhanded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cruel ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Backstroke :wnsense "backstroke1n" ; :wordnet "backstroke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Backstroke'' is a ''SwimmingStroke'' made by a ''Person'' who is facing up toward the sky. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backstroke' in WordNet: 1. backstroke - (a swimming stroke that resembles the crawl except the swimmer lies on his or her back) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SwimmingStroke, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSurface ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BackupCopy :wnsense "backup4n", "computer backup1n" ; :wordnet "backup", "computer backup" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BackupCopy'' is a ''Duplicate'' of some ArtifactObject, created so as to have an instance of the copied thing to use if the 'original' is damaged or lost Includes but is broader than (includes Objcts other than computer files) noun sense 4 of 'backup' in WordNet: 4. backup, computer backup - ((computer science) a copy of a file or directory on a separate storage device; 'he made a backup in case the original was accidentally damaged or erased') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Duplicate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OriginalItem ; owl:onProperty :wasaSubstituteFor ] . :BackupDisk001 :hasMassInGrams "5"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf :TheFilesOnPatsComputer ; a :CD-Physical . :Backward :ldoce "backward", "backwards" ; :wnsense "backward1adv", "backwards1adv" ; :wordnet "backward", "backwards" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'backward'is an adjective that specifies that motion is a BackwardMotion, i.e. toward the rear of a FrontAndbackSidedObject. The term 'Backwards' is used as a DirectionMeasure. Motion that has the attribute 'backward' is a 'BackwardMotion'. @ToDo: the difference between this and 'backwards' is not clear. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'backwards' in WordNet: 1. (4) back, backward, backwards, rearward, rearwards - (at or to or toward the back or rear; 'he moved back'; 'tripped when he stepped backward'; 'she looked rearward out the window of the car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :BackwardMotion :en "backward motion", "moving backward", "moving in reverse" ; :enn "backward motion", "moving backward", "moving in reverse" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Translocation that is in the direction pointed to by the front-to-back vector of a FrontAndBacksidedObject. In some cases this can be termed 'going backwars'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForwardMotion ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Backwards :ldoce "backward", "backwards" ; :wnsense "backward1adv", "backwards1adv" ; :wordnet "backward", "backwards" ; a :DirectionMeasure ; rdfs:comment """A DirectionMeasure that specifies that the motion of a FrontAndBackSidedObject is along the front-to-back direction of the Object. Linguistically this is used as an adverb. For the adjective 'forward' (an attribute of motion or orientation) use 'backward'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'backwards' in WordNet: 1. (1) back, backward, backwards, rearward, rearwards - (at or to or toward the back or rear; 'he moved back'; 'tripped when he stepped backward'; 'she looked rearward out the window of the car') """ . :Backyard :wnsense "backyard1n" ; :wordnet "backyard" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Backyard'' is the part of the unpaved outdoor space around a building (a ''Yard-BuildingGrounds'') that is located behind the residence, typically on the opposite side of the house from the 'front entrance' or from the street where the house is located. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'backyard' in WordNet: 1. (4) backyard - (the grounds in back of a house) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Yard-BuildingGrounds, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :ResidentialBuilding ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yard-BuildingGrounds ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ResidentialBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyBehind ] . :Bacon :guid "bd629e8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Smoked ; :wnsense "bacon1n" ; :wordnet "bacon" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the substance ''Bacon''; a piece would be an Object having ''Bacon'' as the object of a ''consistsMostlyOfSubstance'' relation. CYC: Smoked pork - in America, typically served as a breakfast food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacon' in Wordnet: 1. (4) bacon - (back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakfastFood, :Pork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smoked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bacterial :pertainsTo :BacterialInfection, :BacterialPneumonia, :Bacterium ; :wnsense "bacterial1adj" ; :wordnet "bacterial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bacterial' in Wordnet: 1. (14) bacterial - (relating to or caused by bacteria; 'bacterial infection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BacterialInfection :en "bacterial infection" ; :enn "bacterial infection" ; :guid "c10c30f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$InfectionTypeByPathogenType, and a specialization of #$Infection. Each instance of #$BacterialInfection is an infection caused by bacteria (see the constant #$Bacterium). Notable specializations of #$BacterialInfection include #$AnthraxInfection, #$Diphtheria, #$Acne, and #$Leprosy. No general 'bacteria infection' in WN - see subtypes: ''Sepsis'' ''FocalInfection'' ''StrepThroat'' etc. \"drugsubstancetype\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Infection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PathogenicBacterium ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayBeTreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :AntibioticType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bacterial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BacterialPneumonia :en "bacterial pneumonia" ; :enn "bacterial pneumonia" ; :guid "c0fd6c00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bacterial infection of the lungs. Viral pneumonia also exists but is not treated in this unit. Causes coughing, sputum and difficulty in breathing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection, :Pneumonia . :Bacteriologist :guid "bd58ff8d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bacteriologist1n" ; :wordnet "bacteriologist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bacteriologist'' is a Microbiologist that specializes in the study of bacteria (''Bacterium'') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacteriologist' in WordNet: 1. bacteriologist - (a biologist who studies bacteria) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microbiologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bacterium ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bacteriology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Bacteriology :wnsense "bacteriology1n" ; :wordnet "bacteriology" ; a :OccupationType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bacterology'' is a branch of Microbiology that specifically studies bacteria. NOTE: WN seems to use only a portion of the total scope of 'bacteriology' in their gloss. This type is broader, including any study of bacteria. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacteriology' in WordNet: 1. bacteriology - (the branch of medical science that studies bacteria in relation to disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, :Microbiology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bacterium ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Bacteriophage :guid "bfd5ee47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bacteriophage1n", "phage1n" ; :wordnet "bacteriophage", "phage" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Also called phages , this is a type of virus which specifically attacks bacteria. NOTE some strains of phage do not kill their hosts outright, but most do, and the 'canKill' restriction is in any case probabilistic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacteriophage' in WordNet: 1. bacteriophage, phage - (a virus that is parasitic in bacteria; \"phage uses the bacterium's machinery and energy to produce more phage until the bacterium is destroyed and phage is released to invade surrounding bacteria\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Virus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bacterium ; owl:onProperty :canKill ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bacterium ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Bacterium :guid "bd58d4fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bacteria" ; :wnsense "bacteria1n", "bacterium1n" ; :wordnet "bacteria", "bacterium" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of bacteria; a subset of #$SingleCellOrganism. Each element of #$Bacterium is also an element of #$ProkaryoticCell and of #$Heterotroph. Bacteria are typically incapable of processes of #$Photosynthesis-Bacterial. The class #$Bacterium, also called the Schizomycophyta, is one of the divisions of the #$MoneraKingdom. Many bacteria cause diseases that are instances of #$BacterialInfection in both plants and animals, but some are beneficial or even necessary for life. Compare with the #$BlueGreenAlgae. SUMO: A small, typically one-celled, prokaryotic Microorganism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bacterium' in WordNet: 1. (3) bacteria, bacterium - ((microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoneraOrganism . :BacteriumType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BacteriumType'' is a metatype which can serve as type for Bacteria. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismType . :Bad :isLessIntenseThan :Mediocre ; :isTheOppositeOf :Good ; :ldoce "bad" ; :wnsense "bad1adj" ; :wordnet "bad" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A very broad EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is deleterious for the purposes against which it is judged. The purposes may be those of the person doing the judging, or those of someone else or of some group. Each attribution of 'bad' must have some purpose as the criterion of 'goodness'. It is approximately equivalent to 'undesirable'. This includes ethical as well as pragmatic 'bad'. 'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top 'Good' and the bottom 'Bad' There are many degrees of badness, and the lesser degrees are not necessarily salient, so this is not a subtype of 'Salient' This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bad' in WordNet: 1. (51) bad - (having undesirable or negative qualities; 'a bad report card'; 'his sloppy appearance made a bad impression'; 'a bad little boy'; 'clothes in bad shape'; 'a bad cut'; 'bad luck'; 'the news was very bad'; 'the reviews were bad'; 'the pay is bad'; 'it was a bad light for reading'; 'the movie was a bad choice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue . :BadBreath :en "bad breath" ; :enn "bad breath" ; :wnsense "halitosis1n" ; :wordnet "halitosis" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BadBreath'' is an exhaled ''Breath'' (a ''Halitus'') that has an offensive odor. The condition called 'halitosis' is not in WN. In RHW: a condition of having offensive-smelling breath; bad breath. That condition is represented by ''Halitosis'' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halitosis' in WordNet: 1. halitosis - (offensive breath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Halitus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stinky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BadExperience :wnsense "bummer1n" ; :wordnet "bummer" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BadExperience'' is an ''Unpleasant'' Experience that includes as a minimum some ''Annoyance'', and could be more intense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bummer' in WordNet: 1. bummer - (an experience that is irritating or frustrating or disappointing; 'having to stand in line so long was a real bummer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Experience, :PersistingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoying ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoyance ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disappointment ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :BadGuy :en "bad guy" ; :enn "bad guy" ; :wnsense "scoundrel1n", "villain1n" ; :wordnet "scoundrel", "villain" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BadGuy' is any Person (any sex) or GroupOfPeople who performs actions commonly disapproved of by the society in which they live, because the action causes unnecessary harm to one or more other agents. This can be relative, but it is used to refer to those who perform criminal, quasi-criminal actions, or violence or other antisocial actions against their fellow men. Marginally included are those who are 'BadGuy's relative to others in a context, such as the enemy in a war. In a Fictional context,the 'BadGuy' is often referred to as a 'Villain' (should add 'villain for the fictional character - trying to use subtype ''Baddie'' @rev1685), the antagonist of the 'GoodGuy' or 'Hero' of the story. Corresponds to noun sense 1 2 of 'villain' in WordNet: 1. (2) villain, scoundrel - (a wicked or evil person; someone who does evil deliberately) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offender, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :AntisocialAction ] . :BadLuckEvent :wnsense "bad luck3n", "misfortune1n" ; :wordnet "bad luck", "misfortune" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event that causes Misfortune (a state) for some Animal (usually a Person). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misfortune' in WordNet. the gloss says 'resulting from' an unfortunate Event, but due to its hypernym ('trouble' - an Event causing distress or pain), the interpretation here is that this *is* (represents) the unfortunate event. The resulting 'bad luck' is represented as 'Misfortune'. in WordNet: 1. (4) misfortune, bad luck - (unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Misfortune ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unfortunate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BadMood :en "bad humor", "bad mood", "foul mood" ; :wnsense "distemper2n", "ill humor1n", "ill humour1n" ; :wordnet "distemper", "ill humor", "ill humour" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BadMood'' is a form of ''Dissatisfaction'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ill humor' in WordNet: 1. ill humor, ill humour, distemper - (an angry and disagreeable mood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dissatisfaction, :Mood . :BadTaste :en "bad taste" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BadTaste'' is a ''TasteInActions'' (such as speaking in a vulgar or insulting way) that are disapproved by the majority of the community that consider it ''Bad''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :TasteInActions, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TastelesslyVulgar ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BadTasting :isTheOppositeOf :Tasty ; :wnsense "tasty1adj" ; :wordnet "tasty" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BadTasting' is he opposite of 'good tasting', a general phrase meaning that it is unpleasant to the taste. This is not the same as 'tasteless'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tasty' in WordNet: 1. tasty - - (pleasing to the sense of taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteAttribute, :Unpleasant . :BadThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BadThing is a generic class that can be used to label certain types of objects or situations as undesirable, and therefore **something to pay attention to**, and perhaps to try to avoid or prevent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undesirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bad ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Badass :en "badass" ; :enadj "badass" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Badass'' in this sense is a compliment for someone or some team (such as a sports tem) who performs some type Actions exceptionally well. The term is bordeline vulgar and impolite, but has been used in public by a president of the USA without criticism. not in WN. RHW 'badass': 2. distinctively tough or powerful; so exceptional as to be intimidating. This is the attribute of a Person characterized as a 'badass'. Wiktionary 'badass' (noun): 2. (US, sometimes considered vulgar, youth slang, positive connotation) A person considered impressive due to courage, skill, and/or toughness. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impressive . :Baddie :wnsense "baddie1n", "villain2n" ; :wordnet "baddie", "villain" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Baddie'' is a fictional ''BadGuy'' who has has a prominent Role in a Movie. 'Black Hat' is not in WN RHW noun 'black hat': 1. a villain, as in a cowboy movie; bad guy. Cf. white hat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baddie' in WordNet: 1. villain, baddie - (the principle bad character in a film or work of fiction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadGuy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fictional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ; owl:someValuesFrom :Movie ] . :Badge :wnsense "badge1n" ; :wordnet "badge" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Physical object having some graphical symbolic or text content, that represents an ''Emblem'' of some thing, physical object, event, attribute, group, organization, rank, status, office, position of authority etc., worn on a person's body in some visible external location (unless covered by an outer clothing item like an overcoat or raincoat). This is a broad sense and specific subtypes need to be represented explicitly (as in police badge). Badges often have pins to attach them to clothing, but not necessarily - they can be worn from a string (or lanyard) or have adhesive on the back, to stick (temporarily) to clothing. Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'badge' in RHW: 1. a special or distinctive mark, token, or device worn as a sign of allegiance, membership, authority, achievement, etc.: a police badge; a merit badge. 3. a card bearing identifying information, as one's name, symbol or place of employment, or academic affiliation, and often worn pinned to one's clothing. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'badge' in WordNet: 1. (3) badge - (an emblem (a small piece of plastic or cloth or metal) that signifies your status (rank or membership or affiliation etc.); 'they checked everyone's badge before letting them in') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :IconicImage, :SomethingToWear . :BadlyBehaved :isTheOppositeOf :Nice ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BadlyBehaved' is a very general AttributeValue of people or some animals whose behavior violates some norms, or causes problems unusual for that type of animal. Dogs can be BadlyBehaved if they are aggressive. For people, the opposite trait would be 'Nice'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Badminton :wnsense "badminton1n" ; :wordnet "badminton" ; a :RacquetGameType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Played on a TennisCourt and uses a ''Shuttlecock'' and a racqet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'badminton' in WordNet: 1. badminton - (a game played on a court with light long-handled rackets used to volley a shuttlecock over a net) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallSport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BadmintonGame ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :BadmintonGame a :GameType, :RacquetGameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that is an execution of a 'badminton' game. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourtGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Racquet ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shuttlecock ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BadmintonGame ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :Badmouthing :eng "badmouthing", "maligning" ; :wnsense "badmouth1v", "drag through the mud1v", "malign1v", "traduce1v" ; :wordnet "badmouth", "drag through the mud", "malign", "traduce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'badmouth' in WordNet: 1. badmouth, malign, traduce, drag through the mud - (speak unfavorably about; 'She badmouths her husband everywhere') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Defaming . :Badness :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :BadlyBehaved, :Mean, :Nasty, :Naughty ; :wnsense "badness3n" ; :wordnet "badness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Badness'' is a ''PersonalityTrait'' that disposes people to do acts that harm or offend other people, or are considered immoral. In WordNet 'badness' is used mostly as an attribute of children, but this concept is more general, labeling the tendency to do any kind of improper action. See ''BadlyBehaved'' and its subtypes for the kind of attributes that this Trait disposes to. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'badness' in Wordnet: 3. naughtiness, mischievousness, badness - (an attribute of mischievous children) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :Baffled :en "flummoxed" ; :enadj "flummoxed" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Perplexing ; :wnsense "at sea1adj", "baffled1adj", "befuddled2adj", "bemused2adj", "bewildered1adj", "confounded1adj", "confused1adj", "lost9adj", "mazed1adj", "mixed-up1adj" ; :wordnet "at sea", "baffled", "befuddled", "bemused", "bewildered", "confounded", "confused", "lost", "mazed", "mixed-up" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Baffled'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'baffled' in Wordnet: 1. baffled, befuddled, bemused, bewildered, confounded, confused, lost, mazed, mixed-up, at sea - (perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment; 'obviously bemused by his questions'; 'bewildered and confused'; 'a cloudy and confounded philosopher'; 'just a mixed-up kid'; 'she felt lost on the first day of school') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perplexed . :Bafflement :wnsense "bafflement1n", "befuddlement1n", "bemusement1n", "bewilderment1n", "mystification1n", "obfuscation1n", "puzzlement1n" ; :wordnet "bafflement", "befuddlement", "bemusement", "bewilderment", "mystification", "obfuscation", "puzzlement" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every element of this collection is a feeling of being baffled or bewildered. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bafflement' in WordNet: 1. bewilderment, obfuscation, puzzlement, befuddlement, mystification, bafflement, bemusement - (confusion resulting from failure to understand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Confusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FailingToUnderstand ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Bag :guid "bd589500-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bag" ; :wnsense "bag1n" ; :wordnet "bag" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC; The collection of bags used as containers. NOTE that a 'Bag' is classified as a 'SmallObject',meaning that it can usually be picked up with one hand by the typical user. NOTE that unlike SUMO this type is not restricted to fabric (i.e. woven) materials, as plastic bags are also ''Bag''s. We use the restriction: 'consistsMostlyOfSubstance SubstanceType' in the expectation that the type will be a subtype of 'SheetLikeSubstance'. SUMO: Any Container with one opening which is made manly of a ''SheetOfSomeStuff''. NOTE that this generic bag is only a tranportation container. This is reasonable, because things are put in bags so that they can be conveniently carried, and this applies to the open bags we use to carry things home from the store. To qualify as the more specialized 'PackagingBag', it is necessary for the bag to be designed so that it can be sealed to hold the materials that will be sold or transported in it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bag' in WordNet: 1. (8) bag - (a flexible container with a single opening; 'he stuffed his laundry into a large bag') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :FoldableObject, :OpenTopContainer, :PortableCarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfSomeStuff ; owl:onProperty :hasMainPhysicalPart ] . :Bagel :guid "c1008c4d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bagel1n", "beigel1n" ; :wordnet "bagel", "beigel" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bagel'' is a toroidal 'Roll' that is a traditional FoodObject originating in Jewish communities, and widely eaten in Western contries. NOTE in CYC ''bread'' is an Object equivalent to COSMO ''BreadObject'', the parent type of ''Roll'' and ancestprtype of this type. CYC: A specialization of #$Bread. Each instance of #$Bagel is a ring-shaped roll with a chewy texture, made from plain yeast dough that is dropped briefly into nearly boiling water and then baked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bagel' in WordNet: 1. bagel, beigel - ((Yiddish) glazed yeast-raised doughnut-shaped roll with hard crust) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roll, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toroidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Baggage :wnsense "baggage1n" ; :wordnet "baggage" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Baggage is any item carried by a traveller that is not carried directly on the person, whether in a container (e.g. a piece of luggage), or free (such as baby car seats carried on airplanes) It may be heavy checked baggage, or small carry-ons like a portable computer or even a pocketbook. NOTE that as a Group, this could be one or more items considered as a unit. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'baggage' in WordNet, but this COSMO element is a Group of carrying cases (which could be as small as one case): in WordNet: 1. (1) baggage, luggage - (a case used to carry belongings when traveling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, :ObjectGroup . :BaggingSomething :en "bagging", "bagging something" ; :guid "bd58855a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bag5v" ; :wordnet "bag" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BaggingSomething''is the Action of putting some ''PhysicalObject''(s) into a ''Bag''.Usually for solid objects,but a liquid might be put into a plastic ''Bag'' that is not porous. CYC 'Bagging': Putting objects into a bag. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'bag' in WordNet: 5. bag - (put into a bag; 'The supermarket clerk bagged the groceries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Loading, :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bag ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :Baggy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Clothing, :ClothingItem ; :isTheOppositeOf :TightFitting ; :wnsense "baggy1adj", "loose-fitting1adj", "sloppy4adj" ; :wordnet "baggy", "loose-fitting", "sloppy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Baggy'' is the attribute of a Garment the cloth of which does not touch the skin in many places, and leaves room for movement of the body parts covered. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'baggy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) baggy, loose-fitting, sloppy - (not fitting closely; hanging loosely; 'baggy trousers'; 'a loose-fitting blouse is comfortable in hot weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Baguette :wnsense "baguet1n", "baguette1n" ; :wordnet "baguet", "baguette" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Baguette'' is a ''LongRoll'' native to France. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baguette' in WordNet: 1. baguet, baguette - (narrow French stick loaf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongRoll, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :France ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ] . :Bahaism :hasBeliever :Bahaists ; :hasTopic :AllReligionsAreWorthy ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """a religion founded in Iran in 1863 by Husayn Ali (called Bahaullah) teaching the essential worth of all religions, the unity of all races, and the equality of the sexes.""" . :Bahaists :believes :Bahaism ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ReligiousGroup . :Bahamas :wnsense "Bahamas1n" ; :wordnet "Bahamas" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Bahamas' in WordNet: 1. Bahamas, Commonwealth of the Bahamas, Bahama Islands - (island country in the Atlantic east of Florida and Cuba; a popular winter resort) """ . :Bahrain :wnsense "Bahrain1n" ; :wordnet "Bahrain" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Bahrain' in WordNet: 2. Bahrain, State of Bahrain, Bahrein - (an island country in the Persian Gulf off the coast of Saudi Arabia; oil revenues funded progressive programs until reserves were exhausted in 1970s) """ . :BailBond :wnsense "bail bond1n", "bail1n", "bond4n" ; :wordnet "bail", "bail bond", "bond" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BailBond'' is a QuantityOfMoney that has been transferred to a Court of Law as ''Surety'' for appearance of an arrested suspect at later court proceedings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bail bond' in WordNet: 1. bail, bail bond, bond - ((criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial; 'the judge set bail at $10,000'; 'a $10,000 bond was furnished by an alderman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealEstate, :Surety . :BailingOut :en "bail out", "bailout", "fleeing a dangerous place" ; :enn "bailout", "fleeing a dangerous place" ; :env "bail out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''BailingOut'' includes the jumping from an airplane, but also any other case of leaving a place hurriedly to avoid danger, such as when an activity with a group appears to become dangerous, and one or more of the participants leave to avoid the danger. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fleeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttemptToAvoid ; owl:someValuesFrom :DangerousSituation ] . :BailingOutOfAnAirplane :en "bail out", "bailing out", "bailing out of an airplane", "bailout" ; :eng "bailing out", "bailing out of an airplane" ; :enn "bailout" ; :env "bail out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BailingOutOfAnAirplane'' is the act of Parachuting'' from an Airplane while it is in the air in order to escape, usually because the airplane has lost ability to fly. Parachuting for any other purpose is included in the parent type ''Parachuting''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BailingOut, :Parachuting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlyingAirplane ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ] . :Bait :wnsense "bait2n", "decoy2n" ; :wordnet "bait", "decoy" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Bait'' is an ''AttractiveObject'' - that is used by some agent to cause an Animal to perform some action that will cause it to become captured. (whether to eat the trapped animal or for any other purpose, including just tagging it). This is mostly used for the ''Bait'' used in fishing or trapping, though the term is used meaphorically as any object that can cause a person to do something they might not otherwise do. This type is considered as a ''Device'', so when used for live bait (as in fishing), it must include the hook and not just the live thing itself. (This Could be refined further to make such distinctions, but since this is a ''Role'' even the live bait itself might be considered as a ''Device'', being placed outside its noremal environment by the trapper.) This differs from ''TrapDevice'' in that it can refer to only a part of the TrapDevice that serves to lure the animal to be trapped. The thing caught in a ''Trapping'' event is a ''Catch''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bait' in Wordnet: 2. bait, decoy, lure - (something used to lure victims into danger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Lure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trapping ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Baked :guid "03742750-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BakingFood ; :wnsense "baked2adj" ; :wordnet "baked" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of Food that has been baked. In Cyc this is the food itself, and COSMO usage differs. Cyc: A specialization of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Baked has been prepared in an event of #$BakingFood, using a #$RegularOven. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'baked' in WordNet: 2. (1) baked - ((bread and pastries) cooked by dry heat (as in an oven); 'baked goods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cooked . :BakedChicken a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A specialization of CookedFood." ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chicken ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :BakedFood :guid "be5ca1db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the substance. For an Object made of baked food, use 'BakedFoodObject'. Cyc: A specialization of #$Food. Each instance of #$BakedFood is a foodstuff that has been cooked with dry heat.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BakedFoodObject :wnsense "baked goods1n" ; :wordnet "baked goods" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Food object ('SolidFoodArtifact') that has been baked. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'baked goods' (the WN appears in the plural,but this is interpreted as one object) in WordNet: 1. baked goods - (foods (like breads and cakes and pastries) that are cooked in an oven) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparedFood, :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :BakedFood ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Baker :guid "bd58e5a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baker1n" ; :wordnet "baker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a professional 'baker'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baker' in Wordnet: 1. baker - (someone who bakes commercially) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cook, :Person, :Professional-Adult, :TradeWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ; owl:someValuesFrom :BakingFood ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BakingFood ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BakersYeast :wnsense "baker's yeast1n", "wine-maker's yeast1n" ; :wordnet "baker's yeast", "wine-maker's yeast" ; a :PlantType, :SporeFormerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This entry 'BakersYeast' is used to represent *any* Yeast of the genus 'Saccharomyces' used to ferment bread, wine, beer, or any other food or drink. Includes both subtypes of 'yeast' in WordNet: => baker's yeast, brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae - (used as a leaven in baking and brewing) => wine-maker's yeast, Saccharomyces ellipsoides - (used in making wine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Yeast . :Bakery :guid "bd589cfa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bakery1n" ; :wordnet "bakery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The place where ''BakedFoodObject''s are made. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bakery' in WordNet: 1. bakery, bakeshop, bakehouse - (a workplace where baked goods (breads and cakes and pastries) are produced or sold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :ManufacturingFacility, :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baking ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BakedFoodObject ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :Baking :en "baking" ; :ldoce "bake" ; :typicallyOccursInside :Oven ; :wnsense "bake1v", "bake2v" ; :wordnet "bake" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Heating something in an oven - the most general kind of 'baking'. This includes baking things that are not foods, such as pottery, bricks, and ceramics. For baking foods, use 'BakingFood'. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'bake' in WordNet; sense 1 is a subtype also represented as 'BakingFood': in WordNet: 1. (6) bake - (cook and make edible by putting in a hot oven; 'bake the potatoes') 2. (1) bake - (prepare with dry heat in an oven; 'bake a cake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :HeatingProcess, :ImpartingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oven ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baked ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Baking-Hardening :en "hardening by baking" ; :guid "be01166e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this 'baking' is for hardening of inorganic materials, such as clay, and not for food. This includes any form of 'baking' inorganic materials with heat, including exposing materials to the hot sunlight. ''Firing'' in a kiln is a subtype. NOTE: Only part of the CYC meaning is used here. CYC: A collection of events, and a subset of #$HeatingProcess. In each #$Baking-Hardening event, a semisolid object is heated to a high temperature in order to transform it to a rigid, hardened, solid state. Examples of this collection include: a particular event in which someone bakes cookie dough into cookies, or fires a clay pot, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Baking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hardening ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoftSolidInorganicStuff ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RigidObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BakingBread :en "bake bread", "baking bread" ; :guid "bd5887e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all actions of baking yeast bread that rises in the oven.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreadObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BakingDish :en "baking dish" ; :enn "baking dish" ; :guid "bd589046-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The most general dish that can be put in the oven, in which food is baked or roasted. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingVessel, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BakingFood ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :BakingFood :en "baking" ; :guid "bd58aed0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bake" ; :typicallyOccursInside :FoodOven ; :wnsense "bake1v", "ovenbake1v" ; :wordnet "bake", "ovenbake" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the restrictions specify that Baking produces BakedFood (a substance) and BakedFoodObject (an Object). Either of those products may be encountered in reasoning. NOTE that the restrictions somewhat redundantly specify that the substance 'BakedFood' is produced, and require specifying the actual 'BakedFoodObject'. @ToDo: perhaps allow type of object? e.g. BakedfoodObjectType??? Cyc: A specialization of #$CookingFood. Each instance of #$BakingFood is an event during which which food is baked in an instance of #$RegularOven. After an event of #$BakingFood occurs, the food involved has been baked (see #$Baked). NOTE: this is for baking in an oven. WN has a special word 'ovenbake' that does not appear in RHW - it is included here. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bake' in WordNet: 1. (6) bake - (cook and make edible by putting in a hot oven; 'bake the potatoes') WN verb 'ovenbake': 1. ovenbake - (bake in an oven; 'ovenbake this chicken') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Baking, :CookingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BakedFood ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :BakedFoodObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodOven ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :BakingMuffins :en "bake muffins", "baking muffins" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BakingMuffins'' is the Action of preparing ''Muffin''s by baking them in an oven. ''Muffin''s are usually prepared in bathces of 8 to 12 using a ''MuffinPan''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodOven ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Muffin ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BakingSoda :guid "bd5901d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_NaHCO3 ; :wnsense "baking soda1n" ; :wordnet "baking soda" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sodium Carbonate, in the form of a powder used in cakes and breads to make them spongy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baking soda' in Wordnet: 1. bicarbonate of soda, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, baking soda, saleratus - (a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) used in effervescent drinks and in baking powders and as an antacid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodIngredientOnly, :InorganicSodiumSalt, :Powder . :Balance :isUsedToMeasure :Mass, :MassMeasure ; :ldoce "balance" ; :wnsense "balance2n" ; :wordnet "balance" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Balance' is a weighing device that has a rigid beam from which at least one pan is supported or suspended. It is used to measure Mass (not weight) by adding weights to one pan (or side) of the beam until the beam is level, in a gravitational field. For accurate balances, the pans may be enclosed in a glass enclosure to eliminate drafts, but for less accurate balances, there may be no enclosure, and the pans may be above the beam rather than suspended from it. A 'one-pan balance' also has a beam, but the weights that balance the material in the pan are added directly to the beam itself, at fixed locations. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'balance' in WordNet: 2. (4) balance - (a scale for weighing; depends on pull of gravity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scale-MeasuringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MassMeasure ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mass ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :Balanced :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BalancingForces ; :wnsense "balanced1adj" ; :wordnet "balanced" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Balanced'' is a broad general attribute of any Group of things that has components of different type, in which the different types of things are represented in the Group at proportions roughly equal to their proportions in some representative large population of things. 'A balanced selection'; ' 'fair and balanced reporting' 'PhysicallyBalanced' is a separate type for subtype ''BalancingAnObject'' for a beam (so it doesn't fall) or an object that could topple. . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'balanced' in Wordnet: 1. (12) balanced - (being in a state of proper balance or equilibrium; 'the carefully balanced seesaw'; 'a properly balanced symphony orchestra'; 'a balanced assessment of intellectual and cultural history'; 'a balanced blend of whiskeys'; 'the educated man shows a balanced development of all his powers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :BalancingAnObject :en "balancing" ; :eng "balancing" ; :guid "c1008c8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "balance" ; :wnsense "balance1v", "equilibrate2v", "equilibrise1v", "equilibrize1v" ; :wordnet "balance", "equilibrate", "equilibrise", "equilibrize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the CYC parent 'CoordinatedBodyMovement' seems to be a subtype of the actual CYC type 'BalancingSomething', so it is removed. We interpret this type as being the adjustment of the position and orientation of some PhysicalObject or its supporting object(s) in a gravitational field so that it does not topple over. The entertainment act of balancing objects on one's head or nose, or balancing one's own body, are included as subtypes. CYC: 'BalancingSomething' Physically balancing two things (or two halves of the same thing), by adjusting their mass and distance in relation to a pivot point so that gravity doesn't affect one side more than the other; that is, keeping the two sides in equilibrium. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'balance' in WordNet: 1. (25) balance, equilibrate, equilibrize, equilibrise - (bring into balance or equilibrium; 'She has to balance work and her domestic duties'; 'balance the two weights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BalancingForces, :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopplingEvent ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :BalancingForces :ldoce "balance" ; :wnsense "balance1v" ; :wordnet "balance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BalancingForces' is a 'Offsetting' in which some agent or force or process acts to cause a halt in or reduce the effect of changes due to unbalanced forces, to the extent that the effect of one agent nearly or completely cancels the effect of the other, producing a (near) ''Equilibrium''. This is very general, and can include physical, psychological, political, and other kinds of forces and changes. For physically balancing an object so that it does not topple, use 'BalancingAnObject'. The sense included in the WordNet gloss 'She has to balance work and her domestic duties' is included here, but not included in the subtype 'BalancingAnObject'. Among other things it can mean 'to create an equal distribution' of different types of things. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'balance' in WordNet: 1. (25) balance, equilibrate, equilibrize, equilibrise - (bring into balance or equilibrium; 'She has to balance work and her domestic duties'; 'balance the two weights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offsetting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Equilibrium ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Balcony :wnsense "balcony1n" ; :wordnet "balcony" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Balcony'' is a (approximately) horizontal platform that is part of a room in a structure, above the floor of the room and below the ceiling of the room, open to the main open space of the Room, and projecting from one or more of the walls of the room, usually the rear wall. It has enough space between it and the ceiling to allow people to walk on it, and usually has a railing to help prevent people from fallng off to the floor. IT may be fully horizotal, or, as in some theaters, sloped somewhat downward toward the front of the room. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'balcony' in WordNet: 1. balcony - (an upper floor projecting from the rear over the main floor in an auditorium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :Platform, :SolidObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Room ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wall ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bald :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :LackingHeadHair ; :wnsense "bald2adj" ; :wordnet "bald" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a Person having nohead hair, or so little (relative to the norm) that that person is considered 'bald'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'bald' in WordNet: 2. (1) bald, bald-headed, bald-pated - (lacking hair on all or most of the scalp; 'a bald pate'; 'a bald-headed gentleman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hairless, :PersonAttributeValue . :BaldEagle :guid "bd5cad6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "American eagle1n", "Haliaeetus leucocephalus1n", "bald eagle1n" ; :wordnet "American eagle", "Haliaeetus leucocephalus", "bald eagle" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bald eagle' in WordNet: 1. bald eagle, American eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus - (a large eagle of North America that has a white head and dark wings and body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eagle . :Bale :wnsense "bale1n" ; :wordnet "bale" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bale'' is a large ''Bundle'' of things bound together tightly to enable transport and/or storage. 'bales of hay waiting to be picked up' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bale' in WordNet: 1. (1) bale - (a large bundle bound for storage or transport) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bunch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BaleenWhale :guid "bd58db23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baleen whale1n", "whalebone whale1n" ; :wordnet "baleen whale", "whalebone whale" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baleen whale' in WordNet: 1. baleen whale, whalebone whale - (whale with plates of whalebone along the upper jaw for filtering plankton from the water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Whale, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Krill ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Balking :eng "balking" ; :wnsense "balk1v", "baulk1v", "jib1v", "resist6v" ; :wordnet "balk", "baulk", "jib", "resist" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Balking'' is a ''Disobeying'' that Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'balk' in WordNet: 1. (3) resist, balk, baulk, jib - (refuse to comply) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disobeying . :Ball :guid "bd58ea19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ball" ; :wnsense "ball1n" ; :wordnet "ball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a Ball used in a game. Balls not used in games (e..g ball bearings) are not instances of this type. NOTE that the SUMO definition requires a spherical shape, but this is not required for the COSMO 'Ball'. NOTE that not all balls are rigid - subtypes need to be specified as such. For inflatable balls,this type includes the balls whether they are inflated or not. If inflated,they can be specified as having the attribute ''Inflated''. Evenwhen inflated, they do not have to be spherical, as for a (American) football. Cyc: An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory and a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$Ball is a #$PortableObject, capable of #$RollingOnASurface, which is designed to be moved about (usually thrown, hit, or kicked) as part of some #$Game or recreational activity. Most #$Balls are #$Spheres (or at least #$Spheroids), but some, such as instances of #$FootballBall-American, are not. However, #$Ball is disjoint with #$Cylinder, #$LongAndThinThing, and #$Polyhedron; hence neither a #$FlyingDisc nor a #$Javelin nor a #$Die-TheCube is considered a #$Ball. COSMO note: A 'Ball' can be a football or rugby ball, and therefore need not be close to sphere-shaped. It should have a major/minor axis ratio of less than 2. It can be hard, like a croquet ball. SUMO: Any GamePiece which has the shape of a sphere. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ball' in WordNet: 1. (40) ball - (round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games; 'the ball travelled 90 mph on his serve'; 'the mayor threw out the first ball'; 'the ball rolled into the corner pocket') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :ConvexTangibleObject, :GamePiece ; owl:disjointWith :LongAndThinThing . :BallBearing :wnsense "ball bearing1n" ; :wordnet "ball bearing" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BallBearing'' is a spherical ''BearingObject''. NOTE: WN includes 'roller bearing' in its 'ball bearing' synset. COSMO breaks that synset in two parts Corresponds to part (for spherical bearings) of noun sense 1 of 'ball bearing' in WordNet: 1. ball bearing, needle bearing, roller bearing - (bearings containing small metal balls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BearingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spherical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotation ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BallGame :wnsense "ball game1n", "ballgame2n" ; :wordnet "ball game", "ballgame" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any field sport ''GameEvent'' using a ball. Table tennis is not an instance. Baseball, Football, Volleyball soccer are subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ball game' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ball game, ballgame - (a field game played with a ball (especially baseball)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldSportsEvent, :GameEvent, :PlayingaSport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BallSport ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :BallLikeObject :en "ball-like object" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BallLikeObject'' is a 3-Dimensional ''RoundObject'' that approximately, more or less, has the shape of an ''Ellipsoid'' but may have sufficient deviations from Ellpsoidal or Round character that it should not be classified as a CYC ''Ellpsoid'' which is a subtype of this type. This type is created to include roundish PhysicalObjects that may be too irregular to refer to as ''Ellipsoid'' - for example, a Walnut that has prominent ridges is a subtype of this type but not of ''Ellipsoid''. Most ''EdibleFruit''s are in this category. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvexTangibleObject, :Object3D, :RoundObject . :BallSport a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Sport in which a ball of any type is used - baseball, football, ping-pong ball, croquet ball. But not a badminton shuttlecock.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport . :BalladPoem :wnsense "ballad2n", "lay2n" ; :wordnet "ballad", "lay" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ballad' in WordNet: 2. (2) ballad, lay - (a narrative poem of popular origin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Song . :BalladSong :wnsense "ballad1n", "lay1n" ; :wordnet "ballad", "lay" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballad' in WordNet: 1. (3) ballad, lay - (a narrative song with a recurrent refrain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Song . :Ballast :wnsense "ballast1n" ; :wordnet "ballast" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """RHW: Naut. any heavy material carried temporarily or permanently in a vessel to provide desired draft and stability. For single objects or a small denumerable Group of Objects is used as ballast, it can be classified as a 'BallastObject'. The term ballast' can be used for some liquid held in tanks to provide stability, or to some object or group of objects (such as a bunk of stones) used for the same purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballast' in WordNet: 1. (1) ballast - (any heavy material used to stabilize a ship or airship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BallastObject ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :BallastObject :en "ballast" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """BallastObject is a PhysicalObject that is used to add weight to the lower part of a vessel or airship and stabilize it against rolling, or to control other behaviors of the conveyance. This is one Object or small group of Objects. If the ballast is composed of objects that can be pumped or piled, that substance could be referred to as the substance 'Ballast', and if it is the quantity of liquid substance used as ballast in one tank, it can also be referred to as a 'BallastObject'. See 'Ballast' for the representation of 'Ballast' as a substance. Any object can serve as a BallastObject; a quantity of sea water pumped into the ballast tanks is often used; on older wooden ships, heavy stones were used. Ballast is a Role, not a type of object with definable characteristics; sea water used as Ballast is still sea water, but is temporarily playing the Role of Ballast when used that way. Corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'ballast' in Random House Webster: 1. Naut. any heavy material carried temporarily or permanently in a vessel to provide desired draft and stability. 2. Aeron. something heavy, as bags of sand, placed in the car of a balloon for control of altitude and, less often, of attitude, or placed in an aircraft to control the position of the center of gravity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Role . :Ballerina :guid "be01f46b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ballerina1n", "danseuse1n" ; :wordnet "ballerina", "danseuse" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BalletDancer'' is a ''Dancer'' who is skilled at performing some ballet dance, not necessarily aprofessional.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballerina' in WordNet: 1. (1) ballerina, danseuse - (a female ballet dancer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BalletDancer, :FemalePerson . :Ballet :wnsense "ballet1n" ; :wordnet "ballet" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Ballet'' is an artistic form of dancing that is graceful and smooth, and may be focused on the performance of one individual on a stage, though many group ballet numbers are also performed. ToDo: needs WN parent: stage dancing, choreography - (a show involving artistic dancing) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballet' in WordNet: 1. (4) ballet, concert dance - (a theatrical representation of a story that is performed to music by trained dancers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChoreographedDancing, :EntertainmentPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheaterBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :BalletDancer :wnsense "ballet dancer1n" ; :wordnet "ballet dancer" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BalletDancer'' is a ''Dancer'' who is skilled at performing some ballet dance, not necessarily aprofessional.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballet dancer' in WordNet: 1. (1) ballet dancer - (a trained dancer who is a member of a ballet company) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dancer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ballet ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Ballistic :pertainsTo :BallisticMissile, :BallisticMovementInAir, :BallisticProjectile ; :wnsense "ballistic1adj" ; :wordnet "ballistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Ballistic'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to 'BallisticMovementInAir'' and to the trajectory (arc) traced by such movement, and by objects (such as a ''BallisticMisile'') that move in such a path. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ballistic' in Wordnet: 1. ballistic - (relating to or characteristic of the motion of objects moving under their own momentum and the force of gravity; 'ballistic missile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BallisticMissile :guid "bd58e832-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ballistic missile1n" ; :wordnet "ballistic missile" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection. Each instance is a #$Missile propelled from a #$MissileLauncher that is often mounted on a #$Platform-Military. A #$BallisticMissile is generally propelled by rockets into the upper atmosphere, and uses the gravitational pull to make its high-speed return to the surface - either land or water surface - where it detonates on contact with the target. SUMO: A Missile which is guided for the first stage of its flight but then falls to its target for the second stage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballistic missile' in WordNet: 1. (4) ballistic missile - (a missile that is guided in the first part of its flight but falls freely as it approaches target) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndirectFireWeapon, :Missile . :BallisticMovementInAir :en "ballistic motion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BallisticMovementInAir' is a 'MovementThroughAir' that is unpowered and unsupported by other objects, and is caused by some 'Propelling' Event. Being a 'ballistic' movement does not mean that the object follows a parablolooid arc, the actual path depends on the shape of the object and how it is affected by air resistance; the only implication of this type is that the moving object was impelled and is now free of forces other than gravity and air resistance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovementThroughAir, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impelling ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ballistic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :FlyingAction . :BallisticProjectile a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BallisticProjectile is a Projectile that is designed to travel solely under ballistic (gravitational) forces after a short initial impulse is delivered, NOTE that this type is for ArtifactObjects only; a rock that is thrown, by hand or by trebuchet, or other, is not a 'BallisticProjectile' though it may play that Role at some time. This differs somewhat from Cyc 'Projectile-Device' in that weapons such as torpedoes which are under continuous thrust until they hit their target do not have a ballistic trajectory and are therefore not BallisticProjectiles. A bazooka shell, however, though it generates its own thrust, travels mostly after the thrust has stopped and under ballistic forces. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Projectile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BallisticMovementInAir ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Balloon :guid "bd58ec97-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "balloon1n", "balloon2n" ; :wordnet "balloon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Balloon is a specialization of #$Artifact-NonAgentive, #$BilateralObject, and #$DeviceWithNoMovingParts. Each instance of #$Balloon is a physical device made from an elastic and flexible material and filled with gas or air. The #$Balloon tends to be light (sometimes lighter than air). NOTE: the expandable balloons are represented as subtypes (and subtypes of ''Bladder''). Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'balloon' in WordNet: 1. (9) balloon - (small thin inflatable rubber bag with narrow neck) 2. (3) balloon - (large tough nonrigid bag filled with gas or heated air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :BilateralObject, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GaseousObject :Gas :GasType :GaseousSubstanceType ) ] ] . :Ballpark :wnsense "ballpark1n", "park3n" ; :wordnet "ballpark", "park" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballpark' in WordNet: 1. (1) ballpark, park - (a facility in which ball games are played (especially baseball games); 'take me out to the ballpark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stadium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BallGame ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :BallpointPen :wnsense "ballpen1n", "ballpoint pen1n", "ballpoint1n" ; :wordnet "ballpen", "ballpoint", "ballpoint pen" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BallpointPen'' is a type of ''Pen'' having ink in a tube with a small 'ball' (about 1 mm) at the writing end. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballpoint pen' in WordNet: 1. ballpoint, ballpoint pen, ballpen, Biro - (a pen that has a small metal ball as the point of transfer of ink to paper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FingerSizedObject, :Pen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BallLikeObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Ballroom :wnsense "ballroom1n", "dance hall1n", "dance palace1n" ; :wordnet "ballroom", "dance hall", "dance palace" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ballroom''' is a Room in a structure that is used primarily to provide a space for multiple people to dance to music. This can be in a private home (big one, to be sure). More commonly in private homes there is a space that can serve as a ''DanceFLoor''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballroom' in WordNet: 1. (3) ballroom, dance hall, dance palace - (large room used mainly for dancing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dancing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DanceFloor ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BallroomDancing :wnsense "ballroom dance1n", "ballroom dancing1n" ; :wordnet "ballroom dance", "ballroom dancing" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''BallroomDancing'' is a form of dancing that is designed to be performed on a ''DanceFloor'' (not necessarily a dedicated ''Ballroom''), any section of a ''Room' in a house, cabaret, or any kind of room where a ten-by-ten foot section or larger can be cleared of furniture and is smooth enough for people to dance on. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballroom dancing' in WordNet: 1. ballroom dancing, ballroom dance - (any of a variety of social dances performed by couples in a ballroom) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialDancing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DanceFloor ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :Baltic :pertainsTo :BalticSeaRegion, :Estonia, :Latvia, :Lithuania, :TheBalticSea ; :wnsense "German1adj" ; :wordnet "German" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Baltic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''TheBalticSea'' or to the area and countries (;the Baltic States') bordering the ''TheBalticSea''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference?) of 'Baltic' in Wordnet: 1. Baltic - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Baltic States or their peoples or languages) 2. Baltic - (of or near or on the Baltic Sea; 'The Baltic republics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BalticSeaRegion a :BodyOfSaltWater, :HabitatArea . :BalticStates :hasComponentElement :Estonia, :Finland, :Latvia, :Lithuania, :Sweden ; a :GroupOfCountries . :BaltimoreOriole :wnsense "Baltimore bird1n", "Baltimore oriole1n", "Icterus galbula galbula1n", "firebird2n", "hangbird1n" ; :wordnet "Baltimore bird", "Baltimore oriole", "Icterus galbula galbula", "firebird", "hangbird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Baltimore oriole' in WordNet: 1. Baltimore oriole, Baltimore bird, hangbird, firebird, Icterus galbula galbula - (eastern subspecies of northern oriole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NorthernOriole . :Baluster :wnsense "baluster1n" ; :wordnet "baluster" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Baluster'' is a ''Rod'' that is part of a ''balustrade'' that supports a ''Rail' in a ''Railing''. RHW 'baluster': 1. Archit. any of a number of closely spaced supports for a railing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baluster' in WordNet: 1. baluster - (one of a number of closely spaced supports for a railing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rod, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandRail ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Railing ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Balustrade ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Balustrade :en "balustrade" ; :wnsense "balustrade1n" ; :wordnet "balustrade" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Balustrade' is a Group of ''Baluster''s that is a part of a ''Railing'', each ''Baluster'' vertically oriented and the set being aligned parallel to each other in one plane to form a \"SheetLike\" array that supports a ''Rail'' and together with the sorted '\"Rail'' forms a ''Railing''. NOTE: the word 'balustrade' is sometimes used in the same sense as COSMO ''Railing''. In WN ''Balustrade'' is conflated with the ''Railing'' of which the ''Baluster''s are a part. We reinterpret that WN 'Balustrade'' to be the Group of ''Baluster''s Corresponds to a component part of noun sense 1 of 'balustrade' in WordNet: 1. (3) bannister, banister, balustrade, balusters, handrail - (a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Baluster ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Railing ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :BambooCane :en "bamboo cane" ; :enn "bamboo cane" ; :wnsense "bamboo1n" ; :wordnet "bamboo" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A rod-like piece of the woody stem of a ''BambooPlant'', harvested and used for various purposes. \"rod\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bamboo' in WordNet: 1. bamboo - (the hard woody stems of bamboo plants; used in construction and crafts and fishing poles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BambooWood ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BambooPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rod ; owl:onProperty :hasApproximateShape ] . :BambooPlant :en "bamboo plant" ; :enn "bamboo plant" ; :guid "bd589bab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bamboo2n" ; :wordnet "bamboo" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Individual bamboo plants. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bamboo' in WordNet: 2. bamboo - (woody tropical grass having hollow woody stems; mature canes used for construction and furniture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :GrassFamily . :BambooShoot :en "bamboo" ; :enn "bamboo" ; :wnsense "bamboo shoot1n" ; :wordnet "bamboo shoot" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BambooShoot''s are eaten by ''Panda''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bamboo shoot' in WordNet: 1. bamboo shoot - (edible young shoots of bamboo) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleObject, :FoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BambooPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :BambooWood :en "bamboo", "bamboo wood" ; :enn "bamboo", "bamboo wood" ; :guid "bd58a427-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The woody substance derived from bamboo plants. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wood . :BanOnAbortion :en "ban on abortion", "prohibition against abortion" ; :enn "ban on abortion", "prohibition against abortion" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BanOnAbortion'' is a ''Law'' that is a ''Prohibition'' that makes having or performing an ''Abortion'' ''Illegal''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Law, :Prohibition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abortion ; owl:onProperty :isaLimitationOnActionOrRight ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BanningAbortion ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Banal :en "overused" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Overabundance ; :isTheOppositeOf :Novel-New, :Original ; :wnsense "banal1adj", "commonplace3adj", "hackneyed1adj", "old-hat1adj", "shopworn2adj", "stock1adj", "threadbare1adj", "timeworn1adj", "tired2adj", "trite1adj", "well-worn2adj" ; :wordnet "banal", "commonplace", "hackneyed", "old-hat", "shopworn", "stock", "threadbare", "timeworn", "tired", "trite", "well-worn" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Banal'' is the attribute of something that has become uninteresting due to overuse or too frequent occurrence. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'banal' in Wordnet: 1. banal, commonplace, hackneyed, old-hat, shopworn, stock, threadbare, timeworn, tired, trite, well-worn - (repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse; 'bromidic sermons'; 'his remarks were trite and commonplace'; 'hackneyed phrases'; 'a stock answer'; 'repeating threadbare jokes'; 'parroting some timeworn axiom'; 'the trite metaphor 'hard as nails'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Common, :Frequent . :Banana :ldoce "banana" ; :wnsense "banana2n" ; :wordnet "banana" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fruit that is produced by the tropical plant Musa paradisiaca, having an elongated slightly curved shape, typically about 6 to 9 inches in length, tapering at both ends, and a thick yellow rind when ripe. It flesh is soft, sweet (when ripe) and whitish colored. Its profile shape (when oriented with the stem at the top and viewed from the side) is sufficently distinctive to be recognizable as a silhouette. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'banana' in WordNet: 2. (1) banana - (elongated crescent-shaped yellow fruit with soft sweet flesh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrescentShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TubeShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :YellowColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Band-MusicGroup :guid "be011918-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "band" ; :wnsense "band2n", "band5n" ; :wordnet "band" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc a Band is an Organization (as is an ''Orchestra'').. In COSMO it is a GroupOfPeople, The reason is that all bands have **some kind of** organization, but not all necessarily have a set of organizing principles. Some larger and more stable bands may qualify as Organizations, but that would be a subtype, to be added when required. This type is only for those who play musical instruments. Bands, unlike orchestras, rarely or never use stringed instruments, but mostly wind and percussion. ???Bands may or may not create new compositions; here we assert that they 'can' create such (though many do not). Cyc: A collection of music performance organizations. An element of #$Band-MusicGroup is a (small or large) group of musicians who play non-Classical music together on either a regular or intermittent schedule. For example, the #$RollingStones or the University of Texas marching band -- but not the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Includes noun senses 2 and 5 of 'band' in WordNet: 2. (8) band - (instrumentalists not including string players) 5. (1) dance band, band, dance orchestra - (a group of musicians playing popular music for dancing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalComposition ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MusicalPerformer ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingAMusicalInstrument ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BandOfPeople :ldoce "band", "circle", "set" ; :wnsense "band1n", "circle2n", "set5n" ; :wordnet "band", "circle", "set" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BandOfPeople' is a GroupOfPeople who are associated by some common interest or activity, but are not organized in any formal way. A minimum size of 3 makes it a ''Bunch''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'band' in WordNet: 1. (12) set, circle, band, lot - (an unofficial association of people or groups; 'the smart set goes there'; 'they were an angry lot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalGroup, :SocialGroup . :BandOfValues :wnsense "band6n" ; :wordnet "band" ; a :AttributeValueType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BandOfValues' is a contiguous Group of .AttributeValues from some Group of AttributeValues that are all of the same AttributeType, and are linearly ordered by some ordering principle. This includes AttributeValues that are quantitative (see the subtype 'ValueRange') and qualitative, as long as they can be ordered. For the kind of ''BandOfValues'' for data amenable to statistical analysis use subtype ''Distribution''. NOTE that this can be treated as an AttributeValue, i.e. instances can be objects of the 'hasAttributeValue' relation, *and* the Group that is an instance of this also has instances of a QuantitiveAttribute as members. See 'RadioFrequencyBand' for radio bands. This includes but is much broader than sense 6 of 'band' (includes multiple quantitative measures of any kind) in Wordnet: 6. (1) band - (a range of frequencies between two limits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AttributeValue ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BandShaped a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """BandShaped is the property of an object that is thin in one dimension, thicker in one other dimension, and long in the third dimension,with the object connected to itself at its two ends in the longest dimension. In some respects,it resembles a torus, but is not round in cross-section. The ratio of width to length (longest dimension, circling back on itself) can vary greatly among instances of BandShaped objects. Typical examples are the drive belts of motors, small rubber bands, hair bands, continuous conveyor belts, etc. BandShaped objects can be large, as in machinery or long conveyor belts. For Loops that do not consist of a flat strip closed on itself but are rounder in cross-section, use the parent 'LoopShaped'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LoopShaped . :BandShapedObject :ldoce "band" ; :wnsense "band10n", "band11n", "band12n", "band4n", "band7n", "band8n", "band9n" ; :wordnet "band" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is BandShaped. The subtypes include bands that are stretched flat and those that are looped in a closed form, such as bands to tie things and wedding bands. Includes noun senses 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of 'band' in WordNet: 4. (2) band, banding, stripe - (an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material) 7. (1) band - (a thin flat strip of flexible material that is worn around the body or one of the limbs (especially to decorate the body)) 8. isthmus, band - (a cord-like tissue connecting two larger parts of an anatomical structure) 9. ring, band - (jewelry consisting of a circlet of precious metal (often set with jewels) worn on the finger; 'she had rings on every finger'; 'he noted that she wore a wedding band') 10. band - (a thin flat strip or loop of flexible material that goes around or over something else) 11. band, ring - (a strip of material attached to the leg of a bird to identify it (as in studies of bird migration)) 12. band - (a restraint put around something to hold it together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BandShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Bandage :guid "c0fd5c13-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bandage1n" ; :wordnet "bandage" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The soft things that are used to cover and protect wounds. COSMO note: SUMO specifies fabric,but we want to allow plastic, as in plastic band-aids. So 'Fabric' is left out, but a bandage must be a 'FreeSheet'. SUMO: A piece of Fabric that is used to cover an open wound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bandage' in WordNet: 1. (6) bandage, patch - (a piece of soft material that covers and protects an injured part of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-OneTimeUse, :MedicalDevice, :NonPoweredDevice, :SheetArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Injury-Object ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Bandit :wnsense "bandit1n", "brigand1n" ; :wordnet "bandit", "brigand" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bandit'' is a Thief (any sex) who robs from people using some weapon(s) to threaten the victim, and typically is a member of a Group (a 'band') of Bandits. (isTypicallyaPartOf BandOfBandits ??) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bandit' in WordNet: 1. (3) bandit, brigand - (an armed thief who is (usually) a member of a band) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Robber, :Thief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Robbery ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Armed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bang :wnsense "bam2n", "bang2n", "blast1n", "clap1n", "eruption1n" ; :wordnet "bam", "bang", "blast", "clap", "eruption" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Noise'' that is sudden and loud and of short duration. a ''Bang'' tends to be of higher pitch than a 'boom' sound. A small explosive device such as a firecracker may produce a ''Bang'', or sometimes the slamming of a door. A large explosion will tend to produce a ''Boom''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bang' in Wordnet: 2. (2) bang, clap, eruption, blast, bam - (a sudden very loud noise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bangladesh :wnsense "Bangladesh1n" ; :wordnet "Bangladesh" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Bangladesh' in WordNet: 1. Bangladesh, People's Republic of Bangladesh, Bangla Desh, East Pakistan -- (a Muslim republic in southern Asia bordered by India to the north and west and east and the Bay of Bengal to the south; formerly part of India and then part of Pakistan; it achieved independence in 1971) """ . :Bangle :wnsense "bangle1n" ; :wordnet "bangle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Bracelet'' that is ''Rigid''. It is donned by inserting the hand into it. RHW: a rigid, ring-shaped bracelet usually made without a clasp so as to slip over the hand, but sometimes having a hinged opening and a clasp. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'bracelet' in WordNet: 2. bracelet, bangle - (jewelry worn around the wrist for decoration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bracelet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Banishing :wnsense "ban4v", "banish1v", "cast out1v", "ostracise1v", "ostracize1v", "shun2v" ; :wordnet "ban", "banish", "cast out", "ostracise", "ostracize", "shun" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'blackball' is used to not allow a person into a group, not usually to cast them out. 'shun' is mostly used for not associating or talking to someone; here it means to expel one. NOTE: this synset 'ban' is also used for 'excluding' a Person not yet a member of a Group, as well as expelling. Not clear whether the WordNet synset intends both. \" Banished to Bogeyland \" (from 'Babes in Toyland' 1934 movie). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'banish' in WordNet: 1. (3) banish, ban, ostracize, ostracise, shun, cast out, blackball - (expel from a community or group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpellingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exile ; owl:onProperty :patientAssumesRole ] . :Banister :guid "be011b4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "banister1n", "bannister1n" ; :wordnet "banister", "bannister" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A stairway railing and the upright posts that support it. This is the railing on the outer side of an open stairwell. Also called a balustrade, *not* for the horizontal rail on a Balcony. Corresponds to part (for a stairwell) of noun sense 1 of 'banister' in WordNet: 1. (2) bannister, banister, balustrade, balusters, handrail - (a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StairRail, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sloped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Banjo :guid "bd5945e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "banjo1n" ; :wordnet "banjo" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """stringed instrument of the guitar family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'banjo' in WordNet: 1. (1) banjo - (a stringed instrument of the guitar family that has long neck and circular body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalInstrument-Acoustic, :StringInstrument . :Bank-Topographical :guid "a8a705fa-24d5-41d7-9f0f-ccee21880c65" ; :wnsense "bank2n" ; :wordnet "bank" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An elevation, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for safe surface navigation. For the 'bank' of a river use subtype ''RiverBank''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bank' in WordNet: 2. (99) bank - (sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water); 'they pulled the canoe up on the bank'; 'he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTopographicalFeature . :BankAccount :guid "bd58c6c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bank account1n" ; :wordnet "bank account" ; a :AccountType, :FinancialAssetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of bank acounts. NOTE that for the purpose of specifying who created the account, we use an instance of 'BankOrganization', indicating where the account is held. The owner of the account is related by a separate relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bank account' in WordNet: 1. (1) bank account - (a fund that a customer has entrusted to a bank and from which they can make withdrawals; 'he moved his bank account to a new bank') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialAccount, :FinancialAsset, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BankOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isManagedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :BankOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ] . :BankAndCustomer a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Each ''BankAndCustomer'' is Group composed of one Bank and one ''LegalAgent''." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PluralThing, :TwoAgentGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :BankOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :BankAndPat :hasComponentElement :GenericCosmoBank, :PatrickCassidy ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; a :Agent, :BankAndCustomer . :BankBuilding :guid "1b0854f2-c070-11d6-8000-0002b3a330dc" ; :ldoce "bank" ; :wnsense "bank4n" ; :wordnet "bank" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all buildings that house portions of instances of #$BankOrganization that deal with everyday banking transactions, such as transfers of funds into and out of bank accounts. NOTE: this is for buildings that are identifiable as primarily bank buildings, usually having most of the space occupied by a BankOrganization; for smaller spaces dedicated to banking, located within bildings that have other primary purposes (malls, supermarkets), use 'BankSpace'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bank' in WordNet: 4. (54) bank, bank building - (a building in which the business of banking transacted; 'the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BankSpace, :Building, :FinancialFacility . :BankOrganization :guid "bd58ab80-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bank" ; :wnsense "bank1n", "banking company1n", "banking concern1n", "depository financial institution1n" ; :wordnet "bank", "banking company", "banking concern", "depository financial institution" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Organizations that are in the banking business, whether in the private or public sector. An instance of #$BankOrganization may be as large and as multinational in character as #$BankOfAmerica or as small and local as the branch of the UT Federal Credit Union located on Guadalupe Street. NOTE: this type is the Organization that is a Bank for the building, see 'BankBuilding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bank' in WordNet: 1. (883) depository financial institution, bank, banking concern, banking company - (a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities; 'he cashed a check at the bank'; 'that bank holds the mortgage on my home') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialServiceOrganization, :FinancialOrganization . :BankSpace :guid "bd58b161-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bank" ; :wnsense "bank4n" ; :wordnet "bank" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some space in a structure where a bank does business. Conceivably, this may not be inside a building, though it usually is. An outdoor kiosk is possible. For a building that is primarily owned by and used by a BankOrganization, use 'BankBuilding'. 'There's a bank located inside the local ShopRite'. This includes Credit Unions, for example, located inside a company's building to serve employees of that company. The closest noun sense is sense 4 of 'bank' in WordNet: 4. (54) bank, bank building - (a building in which the business of banking transacted; 'the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialFacility . :BankVault :guid "bd58ea2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bank vault1n", "vault2n" ; :wordnet "bank vault", "vault" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A room or sub-region of a room in which valuables (see #$Valuable-PersonalPossession) are kept and locked up. Can be found in banks, hotels, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bank vault' in WordNet: 1. vault, bank vault - (a strongroom or compartment (often made of steel) for safekeeping of valuables) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageRoom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BankSpace ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Banker :guid "b21676f0-61cd-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; :wnsense "banker1n" ; :wordnet "banker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of bankers. SUMO: Any 'SkilledWorker' who works in a FinancialBank - not the usage for job titles in banks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'banker' in WordNet: 1. (9) banker - (someone who owns or is an executive in a bank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BankOrganization ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :Banking :wnsense "banking1n", "banking2n" ; :wordnet "banking" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Banking'' is any Action that involves borowing or lending money (including saving money and maintaining an account) performed at or by a ''Bank'' or similar financial Organization. @ToDo: NOTE that the WN sense represents the actions performed at a BankBuilding, but this type is also an instance of ''TopicType'' and can be treated as a Topic (a subject of study) Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'banking' in WordNet: 1. banking - (engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit etc.) 2. banking - (transacting business with a bank; depositing or withdrawing funds or requesting a loan etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Finance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finance ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BankOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BankBuilding ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :BankingConvenience a :FutureSituationType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BankingConvenience'' is the kind of ''DesiredFutureSituation'' that motivates Agents to create and maintain a bank account - of any kind. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvenienceState, :DesiredFutureSituation . :Bankrupt :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Bankruptcy ; :wnsense "bankrupt1adj", "belly-up1adj" ; :wordnet "bankrupt", "belly-up" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bankrupt'' is the attribute of a LegalAgent (person or company) whose debts exceed its assets and is unable to pay debts on time. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bankrupt' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bankrupt, belly-up - (financially ruined; 'a bankrupt company'; 'the company went belly-up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broke . :Bankruptcy :wnsense "bankruptcy2n", "failure6n" ; :wordnet "bankruptcy", "failure" ; a :ActionType, :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bankruptcy'' is a form of ''Insolvency''where the bankrupt Agent (Person or Organization) cannot get enough money to pay debts on time. This may make an Agent eligible for bankruptcy protection under law. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bankruptcy' in WordNet: 2. (1) bankruptcy, failure - (inability to discharge all your debts as they come due; 'the company had to declare bankruptcy'; 'fraudulent loans led to the failure of many banks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insolvency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepaymentEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTheInabilityToPerformActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bankrupt ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Banner :wnsense "banner1n", "streamer4n" ; :wordnet "banner", "streamer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Banner'' is a longer than wide SheetArtifact, made of paper or cloth, that may be hung from any support or carried supported on two or more poles, usually having text on it, but possibly only symbols, that may represent any of many types of things people want to say; e.g. the name of a group marching in a parade assertion of a feeling,political position, or ideology demands for action by some authority advertising of some product or place of business A ''Flag''may be referred to as a 'banner', but that usage is a different sense of the word. NOTE: this WN sense of ''Banner''' is a subtpye of ''Flag'' in WN,but this is not a subtype of ''Flag'' in COSMO. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'banner' in WordNet: 1. (4) banner, streamer - (long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetArtifact, :Surface-Open . :BanningAbortion :en "ban abortion" ; :eng "banning abortion" ; :env "ban abortion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BanningAbortion'' is a ''MakingAnActionIllegal'' (subtype of ''Legislating'') Action that creates a Law making ''Abortion'' illegal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnActionIllegal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BanOnAbortion ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Banquet :eng "banqueting", "wining and dining" ; :wnsense "banquet1n", "feast1n", "wine and dine1v", "wine and dine2v" ; :wordnet "banquet", "feast", "wine and dine" ; a :ActionType, :CustomType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Banquet'' is a ceremonial ''Feasting'' that is also a ''DinnerParty'', held to celebrate some specific .notable ocasion, such as a graduation or award presentation. A ''Banquet'' is typically too large for a typical dining room (has too many guests) and is usually lavish and organized for some special occasion. For a sumptuous ''Feast'' that is not a celebration of some special Event use the parent ''Feast''. This includes both senses of 'wine and dine' in WordNet, transitive (providing a Feast) and intransitive (eating the Food) Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'banquet' in WordNet: 1. (2) banquet, feast - (a ceremonial dinner party for many people) WN verb 'wine and dine': 1. wine and dine - (eat sumptuously; 'we wined and dined in Paris') 2. wine and dine - (provide with food and drink, usually lavishly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DinnerParty, :Feasting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Attendee ; owl:minCardinality "8"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :Banshee :guid "bf68e57a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "banshee1n", "banshie1n" ; :wordnet "banshee", "banshie" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all banshees. The #$Banshee is a supernatural being in Irish and other Celtic folklore whose mournful 'keening,' or wailing screaming or lamentation, at night was believed to foretell the death of a member of the family of the person who heard the spirit. The word 'banshee' is a phonetic spelling of the Irish 'bean sidhe'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'banshee' in WordNet: 1. (3) banshee, banshie - ((Irish folklore) a female spirit who wails to warn of impending death) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemaleAnimal, :MythicalThing, :SentientAnimal, :SupernaturalBeing . :Baptism :en "baptizing" ; :eng "baptising" ; :guid "be00bb4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaRitualOfGroup :Christianity, :Christians ; :wnsense "baptise1v", "baptism1n", "baptize1v", "christen1v" ; :wordnet "baptise", "baptism", "baptize", "christen" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which someone - usually, but not exclusively, a baby - is admitted into a religion - typically a Christian church - by being sprinkled with, or immersed in, water. For babies this is often associated with giving the person baptised a Christian name, but the naming is not a necessary part, as the person may already have that name assigned shoprtly after birth. This includes intransitive and transitive senses, baptizing and being baptized. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baptism' and verb sense 1 of 'baptize' in WordNet: 1. baptism - (a Christian sacrament signifying spiritual cleansing and rebirth; 'most churches baptize infants but some insist on adult baptism') WN verb 'baptize': 1. (8) baptize, baptise, christen - (administer baptism to; 'The parents had the child baptized') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sacrament . :Baptist :wnsense "Baptist1n" ; :wordnet "Baptist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all persons who believe in the obligation of being baptized by immersion. RHW: a member of a Christian denomination that baptizes believers by immersion and that is usually Calvinistic in doctrine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Baptist' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Baptist - (follower of Baptistic doctrines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtestantPerson . :Bar :wnsense "bar3n" ; :wordnet "bar" ; a :BarOrWireType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bar'' is ''Rod'' that is part of a larger Device, either to provide a grasping object for some form of control (e.g. a ''Handrail'', 'Barbell') (as in handle bars of a bicycle), or as part of a ''Grating'' to block movement of animals, as in the bars of a cage or jail cell. @ToDo: Gold and silver bars are not included - add 'ingot'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bar' in WordNet: 3. (4) bar - (a rigid piece of metal or wood; usually used as a fastening or obstruction or weapon; 'there were bars in the windows to prevent escape') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bar-Object, :Rod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ] . :Bar-Object :guid "bd60565a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bar" ; :wnsense "bar10n", "bar3n", "bar5n" ; :wordnet "bar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the is the most generic sense of 'bar' for solid objects; a Bar may be circular in cross-section, rectangular, or trapezoidal, as with ingots of metals. The cross-section of a bar should be relatively constant throughout its length, except for the ends. It can be of any solid material, such as a bar of chocolate or iron. A Bar-Object is commonly but not necessarily uniform in composition throughout its length. When linguistic references mention a substance ('chocolate bar', 'iron bar' 'bar of gold') the default assumption will be that the bar does have a uniform composition. A 'bar of soap' can be round, so this is not necessarily trapezoidal and is not a subtype of 'Block'. Use this for a 'bar of soap' or a 'bar of gold' (e.g.). Cyc: The collection of all bars. A bar is a solid object that is longer than it is wide. This includes noun senses 3, 5, and 10 of 'bar' in Wordnet: 3. (4) bar - (a rigid piece of metal or wood; usually used as a fastening or obstruction or weapon; 'there were bars in the windows to prevent escape') 5. (1) bar - (an obstruction (usually metal) placed at the top of a goal; 'it was an excellent kick but the ball hit the bar') 10. cake, bar - (a block of solid substance (such as soap or wax); 'a bar of chocolate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DryObject . :BarChart :wnsense "bar chart1n", "bar graph1n" ; :wordnet "bar chart", "bar graph" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A rectangular ''GraphicalIllustration'' having two axes, depicting relations between objects and/or attributes, in which quantities are represented on one axis (horizontal or vertical) by bar-like lines, having a thickness chosen for convenience and length representing some quantity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bar graph' in Wordnet: 1. bar chart, bar graph - (a chart with bars whose lengths are proportional to quantities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GraphicalIllustration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectangular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectangular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :BarCode :en "UPC" ; :enn "UPC" ; :wnsense "Universal Product Code1n", "bar code1n" ; :wordnet "Universal Product Code", "bar code" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bar code' in WordNet: 1. bar code, Universal Product Code - (code consisting of a series of vertical bars of variable width that are scanned by a laser; printed on consumer product packages to identify the item for a computer that provides the price and registers inventory information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Code . :BarCodeData :en "bar code data" ; :enn "bar code data" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BarCodeData''is the abstract digital representation of a ''BarCode'', especially one created by a ''BarCodeScanner'' or the reference code stored for comparison with the codes read by a ''BarCodeScanner''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerFile-Abstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :BarCode ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationStorageMediumObject ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :BarCodeScanner :CYC "Scanner-Optical" ; :en "bar code scanner" ; :enn "bar code scanner" ; :guid "bd58d096-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Scanner-Optical': Devices which read bar codes with a laser beam. Often found in grocery stores. Often used at 'point of sale' to read the ID code of a product, and get the price to add to the cost of the purchase, and to adjust the store's inventory. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerInputDevice, :ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor, :Scanner, :SensorDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarCodeData ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :BarMitzvah :isaRitualOfGroup :Jews, :Judaism ; :wnsense "bar mitzvah1n" ; :wordnet "bar mitzvah" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bar mitzvah' in WordNet: 1. bar mitzvah - ((Judaism) an initiation ceremony marking the 13th birthday of a Jewish boy and signifying the beginning of religious responsibility; 'a bar mitzvah is an important social event') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousCeremony, :Rite, :RiteOfPassage . :BarOfIvorySoap a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BarOfIvorySoap'' is a ''BarOfSoap'' that is or looks like the white soap made under the product name 'Ivory Soap'. Ivory also makes powdered soap. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarOfSoap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :White ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :BarOfSoap a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BarOfSoap'' is a hand-sized solid ''Bar'' . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarOfStuff, :HandSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soap ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :BarOfStuff :wnsense "bar10n" ; :wordnet "bar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BarOfStuff'' is a solid object consisting mostly of some substance, hand-sized and usually liftable with one hand (though some silver or gold bars can weigh up to 100 pounds - or more?). As a ''Block'' its shape should approximate a 'rectangular parallellopiped' - this requirement is interpreted as only an approximation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bar' in Wordnet: 10. cake, bar - (a block of solid substance (such as soap or wax); 'a bar of chocolate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bar-Object, :Block, :SmallObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :BarOrWireType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BarOrWireType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for classes of long and thin solid objects like bars or wires.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObjectType . :BarTender :wnsense "barkeep1n", "barkeeper1n", "barman1n", "bartender1n", "mixologist1n" ; :wordnet "barkeep", "barkeeper", "barman", "bartender", "mixologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BarTender'' is a ''Worker'' who is tending a bar or often or as an occupation tends bar, but not necessarily as an occupation, and notnecessarily for pay; a ost or one of the guests at a party might tend bar at that party, and for that period of time will have the ''Role'' of ''BarTender''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'bartender' (but notnecessarily an employee) in WordNet: 1. (2) bartender, barman, barkeep, barkeeper, mixologist - (an employee who mixes and serves alcoholic drinks at a bar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceProvider, :Worker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TendingBar ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Barb :wnsense "barb2n" ; :wordnet "barb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small length of metal wire wrapped into a length of ''BarbWire'', having pointed ends . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barb' in Wordnet: 2. barb - (the pointed part of barbed wire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PointyEndedObject, :SmallObject, :Wire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarbWire ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BarbWire :hasMainComponentSubstance :Steel ; :isaShapedFormOfSubstance :Steel ; :wnsense "barbed wire1n", "barbwire1n" ; :wordnet "barbed wire", "barbwire" ; a :MetalType, :WireType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BarbWire'' is a type of SteelWire having barbs at regular intervals to be used as a barrier to movement of animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barbwire' in Wordnet: 1. barbed wire, barbwire - (strong wire with barbs at regular intervals used to prevent passage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SteelWire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Barb ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarbWireFence ; owl:onProperty :isaConstituentSubstanceOf ] . :BarbWireFence a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BarbWireFence'' is a ''Fence'' using ''BarbWire'' as the horizontal component held by posts. The sharp barbs in the BarbWire cause animals to avoid trying to cross through or over it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarbWire ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlockingTheWay ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Barbados :en "Barbados" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ No entry for 'Barbados' in WordNet. RHW: an island in the E West Indies constituting an independent state in the Commonwealth of Nations: formerly a British colony. 257,731; 166 sq. mi. (430 sq. km). Cap.: Bridgetown. """ . :Barbaric :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :CivilizingaCulture ; :isTheOppositeOf :Civilized ; :wnsense "barbarian1adj", "barbaric1adj", "savage3adj", "uncivilised1adj", "uncivilized1adj", "wild12adj" ; :wordnet "barbarian", "barbaric", "savage", "uncivilised", "uncivilized", "wild" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'barbaric' in Wordnet: 1. (3) barbarian, barbaric, savage, uncivilized, uncivilised, wild - (without civilizing influences; 'barbarian invaders'; 'barbaric practices'; 'a savage people'; 'fighting is crude and uncivilized especially if the weapons are efficient'-Margaret Meade; 'wild tribes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :Barbecued :en "barbequed" ; :enadj "barbecued" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :FoodObject, :SolidFood ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Barbecueing ; :wnsense "barbecued1adj", "grilled2adj" ; :wordnet "barbecued", "grilled" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Barbecued'' is the attribute of some ''FoodObject'' that was cooked in a ''Barbecueing'' (transitive) Action. 'barbecued beef' - Yum! Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'barbecued' in Wordnet: 1. barbecued, grilled - (cooked over an outdoor grill) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Barbecueing :eng "barbequeing" ; :wnsense "barbecue1v", "barbeque1v", "cook out1v" ; :wordnet "barbecue", "barbeque", "cook out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'barbecue' in WordNet: 1. barbeque, barbecue, cook out - (cook outdoors on a barbecue grill; 'let's barbecue that meat'; 'We cooked out in the forest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrillingFood, :OutdoorActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Barbecued ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Barbell :wnsense "barbell1n" ; :wordnet "barbell" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Barbell'' is a ''Bar'' designed to hold heavy 'weight' discs and be used to create ''FreeWeight''s of more than one weight for ''Weightlifing''. Compares with similar ''Dumbbell-Weight'' which can be of only one mass value. This is considered as a ''WeightDevice'' itself. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barbell' in WordNet: 1. (5) barbell - (a bar to which heavy discs are attached at each end; used in weightlifting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bar, :MetalRod, :Shaft, :SupportingObject, :WeightDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreeWeight ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :Barber :wnsense "barber1n" ; :wordnet "barber" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who cuts the HeadHair or facial hair of clients to make their appearance more pleasing (to someone). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barber' in Wordnet: 2. barber - (a hairdresser who cuts hair and shaves beards as a trade) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hairdresser, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingHair ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ] . :Barbiturate :guid "c0fd585e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barbiturate1n" ; :wordnet "barbiturate" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An addictive family of drugs which are used as sedatives, hypnotics, and anti-spasmodics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barbiturate' in WordNet: 1. (1) barbiturate - (organic compound having powerful soporific effect; overdose can be fatal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddictiveSubstance, :PrescriptionDrug, :Sedative-Hypnotic . :Bard :wnsense "bard1n" ; :wordnet "bard" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Vaguely defined, a term used commonly of Shakespeare. RHW 'bard': 1. (formerly) a person who composed and recited epic or heroic poems, often while playing the harp, lyre, or the like. 2. one of an ancient Celtic order of composers and reciters of poetry. 3. any poet. 4. the bard, William Shakespeare. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bard' in WordNet: 1. bard - (a lyric poet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Poet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poetry ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Bare :isTheOppositeOf :Covered ; :ldoce "bare" ; :wnsense "bare3adj" ; :wordnet "bare" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an PhysicalObject that has no covering over it. 'Naked' is the term specifically referring to unclothed people, synonymous with 'Nude'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'bare' in WordNet: 3. unsheathed, bare - (not having a protective covering; 'unsheathed cables'; 'a bare blade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Barefoot :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :FootwearItem ; :wnsense "barefoot1adj", "barefooted1adj", "shoeless1adj" ; :wordnet "barefoot", "barefooted", "shoeless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'barefoot' in Wordnet: 1. (2) barefoot, barefooted, shoeless - (without shoes; 'the barefoot boy'; 'shoeless Joe Jackson') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :BarefootPerson :en "barefoot person" ; :enn "barefoot person" ; :guid "34805b34-6e9d-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people having nothing on their feet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Barefoot ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BargainPriced :isTheOppositeOf :Overpriced ; :wnsense "bargain priced1adj", "cut-price1v", "cut-rate1adj" ; :wordnet "bargain priced", "cut-price", "cut-rate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BargainPriced'' is a specialization of 'Inexpensive', used for ''Purchase''s that were bought at a price significantly lower than the usual price for an object of that type. This is strictly relative, as something can be ''BargainPriced'' and still very expensive on an absolute scale - even too expensive for most people to consider buying ('a bargain-priced yacht'). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bargain priced' in WordNet: 1. (1) bargain-priced, cut-rate, cut-price - (costing less than standard price; 'buying bargain-priced clothes for the children'; 'cut-rate goods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inexpensive . :BargainPurchase :en "good buy", "good deal" ; :wnsense "bargain2n", "steal1n" ; :wordnet "bargain", "steal" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BargainPurchase'' is a ''Purchase'' (the thing obtained in a ''Buying'' transaction) that is significantly less expensive than usual for that type of thing. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bargain' in Wordnet: 2. bargain, buy, steal - (an advantageous purchase; 'she got a bargain at the auction'; 'the stock was a real buy at that price') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Purchase, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAcquiredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Buying ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BargainPriced ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bargaining :en "bargaining", "make a deal", "making a deal" ; :guid "bf9a9257-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bargain1v" ; :wordnet "bargain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bargaining'' is a specialization of ''Negotiating'' mostly over the terms of an exchange or purchase Agreement; the main item to be determined is usually the price. CYC: The collection of events where agents negotiate over the terms of a contract, the most typical example being the negotiation of a price for an item to be purchased Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'bargain' in Wordnet: 1. (1) dicker, bargain - (negotiate the terms of an exchange; 'We bargained for a beautiful rug in the bazaar') 2. bargain - (come to terms; arrive at an agreement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Negotiating . :Barge :guid "bfaf0f5e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barge1n", "flatboat1n", "hoy1n", "lighter3n" ; :wordnet "barge", "flatboat", "hoy", "lighter" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Barge is a flat, usually rectangular #$WaterTransportationDevice. It usually is not self-powered but is towed or pushed by a #$Watercraft. Barges often tranport cargo, but it is not unlikely that some barges transport passengers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barge' in WordNet: 1. (5) barge, flatboat, hoy, lighter - (a flatbottom boat for carrying heavy loads (especially on canals)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialTransporter, :TransportationContainerProduct, :Watercraft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-bottomed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BargingIn :wnsense "barge in1v", "crash7v", "gate-crash1v" ; :wordnet "barge in", "crash", "gate-crash" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BargingIn'' is an ''Intruding'' on some gathering of people, when such entry is uninvited and unwelcome. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'barge in' in WordNet: 1. (1) barge in, crash, gate-crash - (enter uninvited; informal; 'let's crash the party!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intruding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GateCrasher ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Barite :guid "be15d4eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_BaSO4 ; :wnsense "barite1n", "barium sulphate1n", "barytes1n", "heavy spar1n" ; :wordnet "barite", "barium sulphate", "barytes", "heavy spar" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :NaturalResourceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: CYC has a 'Baryte' as a subtype of ''Barite'' but that word only appears in the plural in RHW. Wikipedia says they are the same, then discusses a 'baryte group', only one of which : Wikipedia: Baryte or barite is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of barium. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), anglesite (lead sulfate), and anhydrite (calcium sulfate). Baryte and celestine form a solid solution (Ba,Sr)SO If there are multiple subtypes of 'baryte' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barite' in WordNet: 1. heavy spar, barite, barytes, barium sulphate - (a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Barium ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :Barium :guid "bd59064c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "56"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ba1n", "barium1n" ; :wordnet "Ba", "barium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''barium'' is a Substance -in CYC it is an Object. This usage differs from CYC. CYC: A piece of barium - could be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barium' in WordNet: 1. (1) barium, Ba, atomic number 56 - (a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnalloyedMetal . :BariumNitrate :en "barium nitrate" ; :enn "barium nitrate" ; :guid "7394ba2e-227d-41d7-9dd4-a9c02e7f33cd" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_BaNO3 ; :hasComponentSubstance :Barium, :NitrateIon, :Nitrogen, :Oxygen ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$IonicCompound and #$InorganicCompound. Each instance of #$BariumNitrate is a sample of the compound Ba(NO3)2. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electrolyte, :InorganicNitrates . :BarkTissue :wnsense "bark1n" ; :wordnet "bark" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BarkTissue' is the tisue of which a piece of 'TreeBark' is composed. This is a substance - a piece of the bark of a tree is an instance of 'TreeBark'. WordNet does not distinguish between a piece of bark and the material, but the closest meaning would be noun sense 1 of 'bark', which seems to cover both meanings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bark' in WordNet: 1. (4) bark - (tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantProduct, :Tissue . :Barking :en "barking" ; :wnsense "bark4v" ; :wordnet "bark" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The animal action that produces a 'BarkingSound'. Not restricted to dogs. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'bark' in WordNet: 4. bark - (make barking sounds; 'The dogs barked at the stranger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarkingSound ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :BarkingSound :en "barking" ; :isEmittedBy :Dog, :Seal-Animal ; :wnsense "bark2n" ; :wordnet "bark" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of sounds made by a dog and similar animals, as well as sounds made by other animals that soundsimilar (e.g. the 'barking' of a seal). NOTE that this is the sound, not the action of the animal. (not in the Longman DV) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bark' in WordNet: 2. (1) bark - (a noise resembling the bark of a dog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :Barley :wnsense "barley1n" ; :wordnet "barley" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barley' in WordNet: 1. (2) barley, barleycorn - (a grain of barley) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakfastFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarleyPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :BarleyPlant :wnsense "barley2n" ; :wordnet "barley" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'barley' in WordNet: 2. barley - (cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealPlant, :Vegetable-Plant . :Barm :wnsense "barm1n", "yeast1n" ; :wordnet "barm", "yeast" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Here to complete level 4 of Wordnet (subtype of leaven 2.1.4.39). This is a substance containing 'Yeast' cells (which are objects) Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'leaven' in WordNet: 1. yeast, barm - (a commercial leavening agent containing yeast cells; used to raise the dough in making bread and for fermenting beer or whiskey) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leaven, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BakersYeast ; owl:onProperty :contains ] . :Barn :guid "bd6294c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barn1n" ; :wordnet "barn" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large, rural building usually found on farms which is used to house livestock or for storage of farm implements. SUMO: A Building on a Farm that is used for keeping DomesticAnimals, Fodder or harvested crops. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barn' in WordNet: 1. (22) barn - (an outlying farm building for storing grain or animal feed and housing farm animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmBuilding, :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FarmAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :Barnacle :guid "bd588874-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barnacle1n", "cerriped1n", "cerripede1n" ; :wordnet "barnacle", "cerriped", "cerripede" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barnacle' in WordNet: 1. barnacle, cerriped, cerripede - (marine crustaceans with feathery food-catching appendages; free-swimming as larvae; as adults form a hard shell and live attached to submerged surfaces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crustacean . :Barometer :guid "bd773389-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barometer1n" ; :wordnet "barometer" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device used for measuring atmospheric pressure. Commonly used in weather forecasting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barometer' in WordNet: 1. (2) barometer - (an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gauge, :MeasuringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AtmosphericPressure ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :Baron :guid "c0d72bba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baron1n", "baron2n" ; :wordnet "baron" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all barons, or male persons who hold hereditary baronial titles in the systems of nobility of Europe, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Baroness. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'baron' in WordNet: 1. baron - (a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank) 2. baron - (a British peer of the lowest rank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :MalePerson, :MemberOfTheNobility . :Baroness :guid "bf2cc9d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baroness1n" ; :wordnet "baroness" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all baronesses, or female persons who hold baronial titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of European countries like #$France, #$Italy, #$Spain, or the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Baron. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baroness' in WordNet: 1. baroness - (a noblewoman who holds the rank of baron or who is the wife or widow of a baron) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :HumanRole, :MemberOfTheNobility . :Baronet :guid "be6f2a17-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Bart1n", "baronet1n" ; :wordnet "Bart", "baronet" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all baronets, or male persons who hold hereditary baronetcy titles, the lowest in the system of nobility of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baronet' in WordNet: 1. baronet, Bart - (a member of the British order of honor; ranks below a baron but above a knight; 'since he was a baronet he had to be addressed as Sir Henry Jones, Bart.') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :MalePerson, :MemberOfTheNobility . :Barracks :en "barracks" ; :enn "barracks" ; :wnsense "barrack1n" ; :wordnet "barrack" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: 'barracks' is used in a sense that can include the singular building. The term 'barracks' may be more common. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrack' in WordNet: 1. (1) barrack - (a building or group of buildings used to house military personnel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryQuarters, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnlistedPerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryFacility ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Barracuda :guid "c0fd6749-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barracuda1n" ; :wordnet "barracuda" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barracuda' in WordNet: 1. barracuda - (any voracious marine fish of the genus Sphyraena having an elongated cylindrical body and large mouth with projecting lower jaw and long strong teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarineOrganism, :Spiny-finnedFish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tooth ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasBodyPart ] . :Barrage :wnsense "barrage fire1n", "barrage1n", "battery6n", "bombardment3n", "shelling1n" ; :wordnet "barrage", "barrage fire", "battery", "bombardment", "shelling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrage' in WordNet: 2. (1) barrage, barrage fire, battery, bombardment, shelling - (the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target; 'they laid down a barrage in front of the advancing troops'; 'the shelling went on for hours without pausing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Firing . :BarrelContainer :guid "c0fe0394-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "barrel" ; :wnsense "barrel2n" ; :wordnet "barrel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Container that is approximately cylindrical, and can hold at least 1 gallon of material, liquid or solid. Some barrels are very large. A barrel of petroleum is standardized at 42 U.S. gallons. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'barrel' in WordNet: 2. (5) barrel, cask - (a cylindrical container that holds liquids) 3. (2) barrel, drum - (a bulging cylindrical shape; hollow with flat ends) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalHollowObject, :StorageConstruct . :BarrelOfaGun :ldoce "barrel" ; :wnsense "barrel1n" ; :wordnet "barrel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The tubular part of a Firearm through which the shot is propelled. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrel' in WordNet, but includes large guns that fire shells as well as bullets: in WordNet: 1. (8) barrel, gun barrel - (a tube through which a bullet travels when a gun is fired) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalHollowObject, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Gun ] . :Barricade :wnsense "barricade2n" ; :wordnet "barricade" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Coresponds to noun sense 2 of 'barricade' in WordNet: 2. (1) barricade - (a barrier (usually thrown up hastily so as to impede the advance of an enemy); 'they stormed the barricade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarrierObject, :Device, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impassable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassingThroughOrBySomething ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryAttack ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAgainstAttack ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Defensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Barrier :wnsense "barrier2n", "wall3n" ; :wordnet "barrier", "wall" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Barrier' is a 'Hindrance' of any type, physical or abstract, object, attribute, Action, or situation, that can make an Action by an agent impossible (not merely difficult)), or may hinder some natural Events,such as tidal flow or fire transission. - although a 'path around a barrier' may be found, going through the barrier should not be practical in the short term (though a 'tunnel' might be constructed with a lot of effort). This includes as subtypes physical 'Obstacle' and barriers such as walls, but can include abstract hindrances such as lack of money, lack of permission, some insurmountable physical property, or intractable opposition (e.g. a wall of opposition). Thus the barrier may be literal or metaphorical. The physical object 'barrier' is represented by the subtype ''Barrier'. For a ''PhysicalRestraint'' that is attached to an Animal (including people) in some way that prevents some for of Action use sister type ''PhysicalRestraint''. The physical barrier (of any kind) is subtype 'Wall-GenericBarrier'; the metaphorical barrier is subtype 'BlockingSituation'. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'barrier' in WordNet and sense 1 of 'obstacle', as well as the *metaphorical senses* of 'wall': in WordNet: 2. (3) barrier, roadblock - (any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective; 'intolerance is a barrier to understanding') WN 'wall': 3. (64) wall - (anything that suggests a wall in structure or function or effect; 'a wall of water'; 'a wall of smoke'; 'a wall of prejudice'; 'negotiations ran into a brick wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hindrance . :BarrierObject :en "barrier object" ; :wnsense "barrier1n" ; :wordnet "barrier" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BarrierObject'' aggregates the subtypes of ''Barrier'' that are PhysicalObjects. (used in 'BreachingaBarrier'') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrier' in WordNet: 1. (4) barrier - (a structure or object that impedes free movement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Barrier, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlockingAction ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsAgentInActionType ] . :Barroom :CYC "Bar-DrinkingEstablishment" ; :guid "bd58f23c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bar" ; :sells :AlcoholicBeverage ; :wnsense "bar1n", "barroom1n", "ginmill1n", "saloon1n", "tap house1n", "taproom1n", "tavern1n" ; :wordnet "bar", "barroom", "ginmill", "saloon", "tap house", "taproom", "tavern" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the physical object that serves as a bar (tavern) that serves drinks for sale to the public, *not* the 'bar' space that may be found in some homes. It is a structure, not (as in Cyc) the Organization. In common use there is no clear distinction between 'bar' and 'tavern', thogh the WordNet definitions suggest there is - although 'tavern' suggests that food is also served, that is also true of many establishments called 'bar'. This also does not include the 'bar car'; of a train. Cyc: 'Bar-DrinkingEstablishment': A localized (i.e., at one particular site) organization that serves alcoholic drinks, and possibly food. in WordNet: WN 'bar': 1. (10) barroom, bar, saloon, ginmill, taproom - (a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter; 'he drowned his sorrows in whiskey at the bar') WN 'tavern': 1. (2) tavern, tap house - (a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceEstablishment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :sells ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TendingBar ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkBar ; owl:onProperty :physicallyContains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :physicallyContains ] . :Bartering :eng "bartering" ; :guid "bd58b2e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barter1n", "barter1v", "swap1n", "swop1n", "trade3n" ; :wordnet "barter", "swap", "swop", "trade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of transactions between two #$Agents in which one #$Agent gives items or services to another #$Agent, and the other #$Agent gives items or services in return, and neither of the items or services is money, credit, or payment of money. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'barter' in WordNet: 1. barter - (exchange goods without involving money) WN noun 'barter': 1. barter, swap, swop, trade - (an equal exchange; 'we had no money so we had to live by barter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Transaction . :Baryon :wnsense "baryon1n", "heavy particle1n" ; :wordnet "baryon", "heavy particle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baryon' in WordNet: 1. baryon, heavy particle - (any of the elementary particles having a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton and that participate in strong interactions; a hadron with a baryon number of +1) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hadron . :Baryte :en "baryte" ; :guid "c03324d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Does this CYC entry refer to the 'baryte group'? See discussion under ''Barite'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Barite . :Basalt :wnsense "basalt1n" ; :wordnet "basalt" ; a :StoneType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Basalt'' is a specific compositional subtype of ''IgneousRock''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basalt' in WordNet: 1. basalt - (the commonest type of solidified lava; a dense dark grey fine-grained igneous rock that is composed chiefly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolcanicRock, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrayColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MostCommon ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Base :ldoce "base" ; :wnsense "base13n", "home6n" ; :wordnet "base", "home" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Base'' is a fixed facility that serves as the location where materials are stored and from which activities that take place primarily in other places can be supported. This is very general. Corrresponds to sense 13 of 'base' in Wordnet: 13. base, home - (the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HexalateralObject, :PhysicalObject, :Place-NonAgent . :BaseOfObject :ldoce "base" ; :wnsense "base10n", "base18n", "base3n", "base6n" ; :wordnet "base" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BaseOfObject is a SupportingObject that forms the bottom part (though it might have been created as a separate object) of a larger object and provides support for the larger object in a gravitational field. NOTE that the 'Base' may be an integral part of the whole, whose boundaries are not well defined (e.g. the base of a mountain) rather than a separable part. @ToDo: a Base that is a separate part, not integral, should be a distinct subtype. See also 'BottomSide' for a related concept. Includes noun senses 3, 6,10 and 18 of 'base' in WordNet: 3. (3) foundation, base, fundament, foot, groundwork, substructure, understructure - (lowest support of a structure; 'it was built on a base of solid rock'; 'he stood at the foot of the tower') 6. (2) base - (the bottom or lowest part; 'the base of the mountain') 10. (2) base, pedestal, stand - (a support or foundation; 'the base of the lamp') 18. base - (a flat bottom on which something is intended to sit; 'a tub should sit on its own base') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :supports ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :BaseSequence :en "base sequence" ; :wnsense "sequence1n" ; :wordnet "sequence" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseSequence'' is a subtype of ''Sequence'' in which the individual members of the Sequence are nucleotides in a strand of DNA or RNA (i.e. in a ''NucleicAcidMolecule''). In each type of strand (DNA or RNA) the backbone of sugar phosphate remains the same in each element; only the attached base (a purine or pyrimidine) changes from one unit to another. Thus it is called a 'base sequence', defined by the type of backbone (deoxyribose or ribose) and sequence of the bases. In DNA the four bases are 'A' (adenine), 'T' (thymine), 'G' (guanine) or 'C' (cytidine). NOTE that as a Group, a ''BaseSequence'' could be as short as a single nucleotide. Thus if one wants to represent a nucleotide *in a NucleicAcidMolecule* one can represent it as an instance or subtype of ''BaseSequence''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSeries, :Sequence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NucleicAcidMolecule ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NucleicAcidMolecule ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ] . :Baseball :wnsense "baseball1n" ; :wordnet "baseball" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'SportType'; for the game which is an Event, use 'BaseballGame'. Nine innings, if uninterrupted. NOTE: WN does not have different types for the sport and its execution; this is for the sport only. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'baseball' in WordNet: 1. (21) baseball, baseball game - (a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players; teams take turns at bat trying to score runs; 'he played baseball in high school'; 'there was a baseball game on every empty lot'; 'there was a desire for National League ball in the area'; 'play ball!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallSport, :TeamSport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :BaseballBall :en "ball" ; :enn "ball" ; :wnsense "baseball1n" ; :wordnet "baseball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ball used in a BaseballGame. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'baseball' in WordNet: 2. (3) baseball - (a ball used in playing baseball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Ball, :BaseballEquipment, :RigidObject, :SphericalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :BaseballBase :wnsense "bag3n", "base4n" ; :wordnet "bag", "base" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BaseballBase'' is one of four such Objects at the corners of a 'BaseballDiamond', which is the corner part of a BaseballField. where the 'pitching' occurs. This is a object in a specific location - a baseball base bag not at its location in the field is not an instance of this type. NOTE: the term 'bag' is not used for ''HomePlate'', which is not a bag but a pentagonal slab of rubber. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'base' in WordNet: 4. (3) base, bag - (place that runner must touch before scoring; 'he scrambled to get back to the bag') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticFieldPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballDiamond ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballBaseline ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtTheEndOf ] . :BaseballBaseline :wnsense "baseline3n" ; :wordnet "baseline" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BaseballBaseline'' is one of four ''SportsFieldLine''s forming a sqare that forms the bondaries of a 'BaseballDiamond', with a ''BaseballBase'' (one of which is home plate) at each corner. The length of a professional baseline is 90 feet (2743.7 cm), but little league and informal fields may be shorter. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'baseline' in WordNet: 3. baseline - (the lines a baseball player must follow while running the bases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticFieldPart, :SportsFieldLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballDiamond ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballDiamond ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEdgeOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "275"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :BaseballBaseman :en "baseman" ; :enn "baseman" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballBaseman'' is an ''BaseballPlayer'' who plays close to first base, second base, or third base. No WN sense for this; RHW 'baseman': Baseball: a first, second, or third baseman. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :BaseballBat :guid "bd58925e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bat5n" ; :wordnet "bat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Bat of a type designed to be used in the game of baseball. It does not have to be regulation size - the small versions used by young children are also BaseballBats. SUMO: A bat which is used to hit the ball in Baseball. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'bat' in Wordnet: 5. bat - (a club used for hitting a ball in various games) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballEquipment, :Club, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rod ; owl:onProperty :hasApproximateShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "40"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :BaseballBatter :wnsense "batter1n", "hitter1n", "slugger1n" ; :wordnet "batter", "hitter", "slugger" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballBatter'' is the ''BaseballPlayer'' who is performing ''Batting'' at a specific time in a specific game, when it is his/her turn. NOTE: 'batsman' is used mostly in cricket, not baseball. Save that term for the 'cricket' game representation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'batter' in WordNet: 1. (2) batter, hitter, slugger, batsman - ((baseball) a ballplayer who is batting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Batting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BaseballCatcher :wnsense "backstop1n", "catcher1n", "catcher2n" ; :wordnet "backstop", "catcher" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballCatcher'' is a ''BaseballPlayer'' who participates in a BaseballGame by catching ''BaseballPitch''es from the ''BaseballPitcher''. NOTE: the difference betwen WN senses 1 and 2 is that sense 1 is a Person and sense 2 is a Role. But in COSMO an Object can also be a Role, so these two are merged. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'catcher' in WordNet: 1. (15) catcher, backstop - ((baseball) the person who plays the position of catcher) 2. catcher - (the position on a baseball team of the player who is stationed behind home plate and who catches the balls that the pitcher throws; 'a catcher needs a lot of protective equipment'; 'a catcher plays behind the plate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CatchingaBaseballPitch ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BaseballDiamond :ldoce "diamond" ; :wnsense "baseball diamond1n", "diamond4n", "infield1n" ; :wordnet "baseball diamond", "diamond", "infield" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BaseballDiamond' is a part of a BaseballField delimited by the four bases, and constituting the infield. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'diamond' and sense 1 of 'baseball diamond' in WordNet: 4. baseball diamond, diamond, infield - - (the area of a baseball field that is enclosed by 3 bases and home plate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticFieldPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Baseball ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballField ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Square ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :BaseballDouble :ldoce "double" ; :wnsense "double1n" ; :wordnet "double" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BaseballDouble' is a 'BaseballHit' in which a batter hits the ball fairly and safely reaches second base; the batter may subsequently go on to other bases in the case of an error by opposing players, or be put out after reaching second base. This is here because it it the most common noun sense of 'double' in Wordnet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'double' in WordNet: 1. (12) double, two-base hit, two-bagger, two-baser - (a base hit on which the batter stops safely at second base; 'he hit a double to deep centerfield') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballHit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :BaseballEquipment :wnsense "baseball equipment1n" ; :wordnet "baseball equipment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''Device'' used in the execution of a ''BaseballGame''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball equipment' in WordNet: 1. baseball equipment - (equipment used in playing baseball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :GameArtifact, :ManufacturedGoods, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :BaseballEvent a :EventType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BaseballEvent' is any one of various Events or Actions that occur during a game of 'Baseball', including the entire game or any part of it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldSportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballField ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :BaseballField :guid "bd58868d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baseball field1n" ; :wordnet "baseball field" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A SportsFacility which is built primarily for or dedicated to playing Baseball. Includes stadium structures as well as simple cleared areas marked out for playing Baseball. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball field' in Wordnet: 1. ball field, baseball field, diamond - (the baseball playing field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticField, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baseball ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballDiamond ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :BaseballGame :wnsense "baseball game1n", "baseball1n" ; :wordnet "baseball", "baseball game" ; a :GameType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Nine innings if uninterrupted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball game' in WordNet: 1. (2) baseball, baseball game - (a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players; teams take turns at bat trying to score runs; 'he played baseball in high school'; 'there was a baseball game on every empty lot'; 'there was a desire for National League ball in the area'; 'play ball!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baseball ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballBall ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballField ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :BaseballHit :ldoce "hit" ; :wnsense "hit1n" ; :wordnet "hit" ; a :EventType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BaseballHit' is an event in which a batter hits the ball fairly and safely reaches base - it has subtypes of 'single' 'double', 'triple' and 'home run' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hit' in WordNet: 1. (15) hit - ((baseball) a successful stroke in an athletic contest (especially in baseball); 'he came all the way around on Williams' hit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :BaseballInning :guid "bd58a6b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "inning1n" ; :wordnet "inning" ; a :EventType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballInning'' is the Event (activity) in which each team gets its players to come to bat until three of them are called 'out'. NOTE: This is not a ''TimeInterval'', but For games generally, we often need to represent a 'period' (''TimeInterval'') that is part of the whole time for a GameEvent, during which one contestant has the right to perform some specific game subEvent (as in baseball or tennis). See ''GameEventPlayingPeriod'' and its subtypes. CYC: #$BaseballInning is a specialization of #$Event-Organized and #$AthleticActivity. Each instance of #$BaseballInning is a subevent of some instance of #$BaseballGame (q.v.), or of some attempt to complete an instance of #$BaseballGame. In Major League Baseball a complete baseball game consists of nine innings, unless it is extended due to a tie score after the ninth, or shortened (1) because the home team needs none of its half of the ninth inning or only a fraction of it, or (2) because the umpire calls the game. (Note that National Association leagues may adopt a rule providing that one or both games of a doubleheader shall be seven innings in length. In such games, any of these rules applying to the ninth inning shall apply to the seventh inning.). If a game is called, it is a regulation game: (1) If five innings have been completed; (2) If the home team has scored more runs in four or four and a fraction half innings than the visiting team has scored in five completed half innings; (3) If the home team scores one or more runs in its half of the fifth inning to tie the score. (d) If each team has the same number of runs when the game ends, the umpire shall declare it a Tie Game. (e) If a game is called before it has become a regulation game, the umpire shall declare it No Game. Each instance of #$BaseballInning consists of at least two instances of #$HalfInning (q.v). During each #$BaseballInning, each #$BaseballTeam takes its turn trying to score baseball runs. A team's turn during an inning is called a #$HalfInning. By tradition, between the two half innings of the seventh inning of a game, there occurs an instance of #$MassOrganizedStretch performed by the members of the game's audience. SUMO: A division of a Baseball game. A normal game consists of 9 innings, and each inning involves a turn a bat for both teams. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inning' in Wordnet: 1. (16) inning, frame - (a period of play in baseball during which each team has a turn at bat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :BaseballEvent, :Event-Organized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballInningTimeDivision ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :BaseballInningTimeDivision :en "baseball Inning time period" ; :enn "baseball Inning time period" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballInningTimeDivision'' is a ''GameEventTimeDivision'' (a ''PlayingPeriod'') during which one ''BaseballInning'' is played. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEventTimeDivision . :BaseballMitt :wnsense "baseball glove1n", "baseball mitt1n", "glove1n", "mitt2n" ; :wordnet "baseball glove", "baseball mitt", "glove", "mitt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballMitt'' is a specialized Glove designed to be used b the catcher in a BaseballGame. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mitt' in WordNet: 2. baseball glove, glove, baseball mitt, mitt - (the handwear used by fielders in playing baseball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballEquipment, :Glove, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballPlayer ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "15"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :BaseballPitch :wnsense "pitch2n", "pitch9v" ; :wordnet "pitch" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballPitch'' is a ''Throwing'' event in which a Pitcher throws a baseball to a Catcher, in a manner to make it difficult for the Batter to hit the ball. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pitch' in WordNet: 2. (3) pitch, delivery - ((baseball) the act of throwing a baseball by a pitcher to a batter) WN verb 'pitch': 9. deliver, pitch - (throw or hurl from the mound to the batter, as in baseball; 'The pitcher delivered the ball') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballEvent, :SportsPlay, :StrenuousAthleticActivity, :Throwing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballBall ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballPitcher ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BaseballPitcher :wnsense "hurler1n", "pitcher1n" ; :wordnet "hurler", "pitcher" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballPitcher'' is an ''BaseballPlayer'' who participates in a BaseballGame by throwing ''BaseballPitch''es to the ''BaseballCatcher''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitcher' in WordNet: 1. (15) pitcher, hurler, twirler - ((baseball) the person who does the pitching; 'our pitcher has a sore arm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballPitch ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BaseballPlayer :wnsense "ballplayer1n", "baseball player1n" ; :wordnet "ballplayer", "baseball player" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballPlayer'' is an ''Athlete'' who participates in a BaseballGame in any of nine positions, or as spare players such as 'designated hitter' or 'relief pitcher'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball player' in WordNet: 1. ballplayer, baseball player - (an athlete who plays baseball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :BaseballSeries a :GroupType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Could be any number of games, but usually no more than seven. @ToDo: need 'series' of games - a 'match'? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BaseballSingle :en "one-bagger" ; :wnsense "bingle1n", "single1n" ; :wordnet "bingle", "single" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BaseballSingle' is a 'BaseballHit' in which a batter hits the ball fairly and safely reaches and stops at first base; the batter may subsequently go on to other bases in the case of an error by opposing players, or be put out after reaching first base. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'single' in WordNet: 1. (7) single, bingle - (a base hit on which the batter stops safely at first base) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballHit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :BaseballStadium :en "baseball stadium" ; :enn "baseball stadium" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballStadium'' is Building surrounding a large field on which ''BaseballGame''s can be played. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ballpark, :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :BaseballStrike :ldoce "strike" ; :wnsense "strike3n" ; :wordnet "strike" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BaseballStrike' is an event in which a batter fails to hit a ball fairly, even though the ball is considered to be 'in the strike zone'. Three 'BaseballStrike' make a batter 'out' (but a foul after two strikes is not couned as a 'BaseballStrike'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'strike' in WordNet: 3. (101) strike - ((baseball) a pitch that the batter swings at and misses, or that the batter hits into foul territory, or that the batter does not swing at but the umpire judges to be in the area over home plate and between the batter's knees and shoulders; 'this pitcher throws more strikes than balls') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :BaseballTeam :wnsense "baseball team1n" ; :wordnet "baseball team" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BaseballTeam'' is a ''SportsTeam'' organized to play ''BaseballGame''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseball team' in WordNet: 1. baseball team - (a team that plays baseball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competitor, :SportsOrganization, :SportsTeam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaCompetitorInCompetition ; owl:someValuesFrom :BaseballGame ] . :BaseballTriple :wnsense "triple1n" ; :wordnet "triple" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BaseballTriple' is a 'BaseballHit' in which a batter hits the ball fairly and safely reaches third base in that play; the batter may subsequently go home in the case of an error by opposing players, or be put out after reaching third base. This is here because it it the most common noun sense of 'triple' in Wordnet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'triple' in WordNet: 1. (3) triple, three-base hit, three-bagger - (a base hit at which the batter stops safely at third base) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballHit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :BaseballUmpire :guid "bd58d09a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ump1n", "umpire1n" ; :wordnet "ump", "umpire" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'umpire' in WordNet: 1. umpire, ump - (an official at a baseball game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsJudge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Baseline :wnsense "baseline1n" ; :wordnet "baseline" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Baseline'' is a ''StandardSpec'' sets a minimum criterion for acceptability of goodness in some task. This differs from a ''Benchmark'' in that something quantitatively or qualitatively below a ''Baseline'' in quality will not normally be acceptible, whereas a performance below a ''Benchmark'' may be acceptable, but can be recognized as less than the best possible. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baseline' in WordNet: 1. (1) baseline - (an imaginary line or standard by which things are measured or compared; 'the established a baseline for the budget') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StandardSpec, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Evaluating ] . :Basement :wnsense "basement1n", "cellar1n" ; :wordnet "basement", "cellar" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The lowest level in a building, below ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basement' in Wordnet: 1. (18) basement, cellar - (the lowermost portion of a structure partly or wholly below ground level; often used for storage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Storey, :TheDownstairs, :UndergroundLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyBelow ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroundFloor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Downstairs ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Basenji :guid "bf0f44cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "basenji1n" ; :wordnet "basenji" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of short-haired, medium-sized dogs. Each member of this breed is also a sighthound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basenji' in WordNet: 1. basenji - (small smooth-haired breed of African origin having a tightly curled tail and the inability to bark) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hound . :BashingAnObject :wnsense "bash1v", "bop2v", "sock1v", "whop2v" ; :wordnet "bash", "bop", "sock", "whop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BashingAnObject'' is an act of ''HittingAnObject'' forcefully. NOTE: The difference between this and ''Whacking'' is hard to discern. They both have the same WN and COSMO parents. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bash' in WordNet: 1. sock, bop, whop, whap, bonk, bash - (hit hard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Basic :en "foundational" ; :pertainsTo :Foundation ; :wnsense "basic1adj", "fundamental2adj", "rudimentary1adj", "underlying3adj" ; :wordnet "basic", "fundamental", "rudimentary", "underlying" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Basic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a part of something that is a necessary part of some more complicated or elaborate thing of which it is part, and exists prior to the elaborations that are built from it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'basic' and sense 2 of 'fundamental' in WordNet: 1. (48) basic - (pertaining to or constituting a base or basis; 'a basic fact'; 'the basic ingredients'; 'basic changes in public opinion occur because of changes in priorities') WN adj 'fundamental': 2. (7) fundamental, rudimentary, underlying - (being or involving basic facts or principles; 'the fundamental laws of the universe'; 'a fundamental incompatibility between them'; 'these rudimentary truths'; 'underlying principles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NecessaryThing, :PertainingAttributeValue . :Basic-Introductory :pertainsTo :IntroductoryText ; :wnsense "basic3adj", "introductory2adj" ; :wordnet "basic", "introductory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Basic-Introductory'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that can pertain to a 'basic' 'introductory text' or a basic' course in some topic that also has advanced courses. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'basic' in Wordnet: 3. (2) basic, introductory - (serving as a base or starting point; 'a basic course in Russian'; 'basic training for raw recruits'; 'a set of basic tools'; 'an introductory art course') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BasicAssumption :ldoce "base", "basis" ; :wnsense "base8n", "basis2n" ; :wordnet "base", "basis" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Basis' is an 'Assumption' that is used as a starting point (or ''Foundation'') for some argument, or as the basis or justification for some Action. An Assumption may have any number of parts, or individual assertions. NOTE that the sense of 'basis'meaning 'a reaon for doing something' is represented as 'Justification'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'basis' and noun sense 8 of 'base' in WordNet: 2. (31) basis, base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone - (the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained; 'the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assumption, :Foundation . :BasicCognitiveProcess :wnsense "basic cognitive process1n" ; :wordnet "basic cognitive process" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basic cognitive process' in WordNet: 1. basic cognitive process - (cognitive processes involved in obtaining and storing knowledge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CognitiveProcess . :BasicInformation :en "basic information" ; :enn "basic information" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BasicInformation'' is 'Information' that concerns the most ''Basic'' parts or aspects of a ''Topic''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Basic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Basically :en "at bottom", "not completely" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Basic ; :wnsense "basically1adv", "essentially1adv", "fundamentally1adv", "in essence1adv" ; :wordnet "basically", "essentially", "fundamentally", "in essence" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Basically'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses the notion that the thing being described by an adjective or verb has the character grammatically following this adverb, though not completely: 'basically honest' 'left it essentially intact'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basically' in WordNet: 1. (8) basically, fundamentally, essentially, in essence, au fond - (at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature; 'He is basically dishonest'; 'the argument was essentially a technical one'; 'for all his bluster he is in essence a shy person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Basics :en "basic principles", "elements", "fundamental principles" ; :wnsense "basic principle1n", "basics1n", "basics2n", "bedrock2n", "fundamental principle1n", "fundamentals1n", "rudiments1n" ; :wordnet "basic principle", "basics", "bedrock", "fundamental principle", "fundamentals", "rudiments" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Basics'' are the Group of ''TrueStatement''s pertaining to any given Topic, which form the ''Foundation' for understanding a Topic and can include factual observations or truths learned by experience, and are the first most fundamental things that one should know about a Topic in order to understand it Includs RHW 'elements' 4b: the rudimentary principles of an art, science, etc.: 'the elements of grammar'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'basics' in WordNet: 1. basics, rudiments - (a statement of fundamental facts or principles) 2. fundamentals, basics, fundamental principle, basic principle, bedrock - (principles from which other truths can be derived; 'first you must learn the fundamentals'; 'let's get down to basics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foundation, :Group, :StatementOfFact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTrueIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Topic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :VerifiedFact ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Basic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :Understanding ] . :Basil :isDerivedFrom :SweetBasil ; :wnsense "basil3n", "sweet basil1n" ; :wordnet "basil", "sweet basil" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'basil' in WordNet: 3. basil, sweet basil - (leaves of the common basil; used fresh or dried) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbSeasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetBasil ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :BasilPlant :wnsense "basil1n" ; :wordnet "basil" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basil' in WordNet: 1. basil - (any of several Old World tropical aromatic annual or perennial herbs of the genus Ocimum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :Basilica :wnsense "basilica1n" ; :wordnet "basilica" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basilica' in WordNet: 1. basilica - (an early Christian church designed like a Roman basilica; or a Roman Catholic church or cathedral accorded certain privileges; 'the church was raised to the rank of basilica') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChurchBuilding . :Basin :guid "bd589051-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "basin1n", "basin3n", "basin5n" ; :wordnet "basin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container with sides and bottom, but open at the top. The sides and bottom of instances of #$Basin are usually impermeable to liquids. Instances of #$Basin may be bowl-shaped, box-shaped, etc. This includes artifact basins (bowls, washtubs) as well as natural 'basins' with geological walls such as lakes or reservoirs. Includes noun senses 1, 3, and 5 of 'basin' in WordNet: 1. (2) basin - (a bowl-shaped vessel; usually used for holding food or liquids; 'she mixed the dough in a large basin') 3. basin - (a natural depression in the surface of the land often with a lake at the bottom of it; 'the basin of the Great Salt Lake') 5. washbasin, basin, washbowl, washstand, lavatory - (a bathroom sink that is permanently installed and connected to a water supply and drainpipe; where you can wash your hands and face; 'he ran some water in the basin and splashed it on his face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :ConcaveObject, :Container, :TopAndBottomSidedObject . :BasisForAnAction :wnsense "foundation1n" ; :wordnet "foundation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BasisForAnAction'' is a vague abstraction of some relation between a Person and other things (of any type) that help a Person to do something desired. The substype can be specific enough to be useful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foundation' in WordNet: 1. (6) foundation - (the basis on which something is grounded; 'there is little foundation for his objections') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :Relation . :Basket :guid "c10ae7a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "basket" ; :wnsense "basket1n" ; :wordnet "basket" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this 'basket' is for objects designed to contain things for use, and a 'wastebasket' is not a subtype, though a ''LaundryBasket'' is. A ''Basket'' is often woven (or has a grid of some material. e.g. plastic, that looks woven), but a 'bride's basket' of metal (e.g. silverplate) and glass with a handle also qualifies. A 'Basket' must be able to be carried, but does not have to have handles. It may or may not have a lid. At this point a set of physical restrictions that distinguishes a 'basket' from other containers (e.g. a pail) has not been identified. If not woven, a Basket should have at least one handle. 'Bride's basket' (from Google): 'Today, any colored-glass bowl held by a silver frame, often with a handle, is known as a bride's basket. ' Cyc: container products, often bowl-shaped, which are woven out of some material (usually out of some kind of plant material like straw or wicker, although metal baskets do exist.) Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'basket' in WordNet ( a 'Basket' does not necessarily have handles): in WordNet: 1. (6) basket, handbasket - (a container that is usually woven and has handles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortableObject, :StorageConstruct . :Basketball :wnsense "basketball1n" ; :wordnet "basketball" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'SportType'; for the game which is an Event, use 'BasketballGame'. Three periods, if uninterrupted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball' in WordNet: 1. (3) basketball, basketball game, hoops - (a game played on a court by two opposing teams of 5 players; points are scored by throwing the ball through an elevated horizontal hoop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallSport, :TeamSport . :BasketballBall :wnsense "basketball2n" ; :wordnet "basketball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ball used in a BasketballGame. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'basketball' in WordNet: 2. basketball - (an inflated ball used in playing basketball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :GameArtifact, :InflatableContainer, :InflatedBall, :ManufacturedGoods, :RigidObject, :SphericalObject, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BasketballGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :BasketballCoach :guid "c117335f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "basketball coach1n" ; :wordnet "basketball coach" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball coach' in WordNet: 1. basketball coach - (a coach of basketball players) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsCoach . :BasketballCourt :guid "bd58f259-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "basketball court1n" ; :wordnet "basketball court" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any area used to play basketball on - a school gym, a driveway, or a 'real' basketball court. Outdoors or indoors, even with makeshift baskets. This is a 'Role' so any suitable surface can be pressed into service as a 'court, even if it has only one basket shared by both teams. So this is not necessarily a Room, nor just the surface of the court. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball court' in WordNet: 1. basketball court - (the court on which basketball is played) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingSurface ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BasketballNet ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BasketballGame ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :BasketballGame :en "B-ball" ; :wnsense "basketball game1n", "basketball1n", "hoops1n" ; :wordnet "basketball", "basketball game", "hoops" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Three periods if uninterrupted. Same WN definition as the Game - no distinction with the execution. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball' in WordNet: 1. basketball, basketball game, hoops - (a game played on a court by two opposing teams of 5 players; points are scored by throwing the ball through an elevated horizontal hoop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Basketball ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BasketballBall ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BasketballCourt ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :BasketballTeam ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BasketballLeague :wnsense "basketball league1n" ; :wordnet "basketball league" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BasketballLeague'' is a ''SportsLeague'' that is a Group of ''BasketballTeam''s organized to schedule and regulate a series of ''BasketballGame''s to determine which team will be the champion of that league in any given year. The league also negotiates with broadcast networks and other outlets for rights to broadcast viewings of the games, and payment for those rights. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball league' in WordNet: 1. basketball league - (a league of basketball teams) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsLeague, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BasketballTeam ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :BasketballNet :en "basketball net" ; :wnsense "basket3n", "basketball hoop1n", "hoop4*n", "net4n" ; :wordnet "basket", "basketball hoop", "hoop", "net" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BasketballNet'' is the webbed part of the target of Basketball, supported by a ring that is supported by a ''Backboard-Basketball''. This does not include the supporting ring ('rim'). This is usually made of some fibrous material in a ''Mesh'' pattern. No WN sense specifically for this. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'net' in WordNet: 4. net - (a goal lined with netting (as in soccer or hockey)) WN noun 'basket': 3. basket, basketball hoop, hoop - (horizontal circular metal hoop supporting a net through which players try to throw the basketball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreeSheet, :GameNet, :SheetlikeBarrier, :SolidTangibleArtifact, :Surface-Open, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WebLike ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Backboard-Basketball ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ] . :BasketballTeam :wnsense "basketball team1n" ; :wordnet "basketball team" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BasketballTeam'' is a ''SportsTeam'' organized to play ''BasketballGame''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'basketball team' in WordNet: 1. (1) basketball team, five - (a team that plays basketball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competitor, :SportsOrganization, :SportsTeam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaCompetitorInCompetition ; owl:someValuesFrom :BasketballGame ] . :Bass :guid "c0d5dbfd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bass5n" ; :wordnet "bass" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A fish belonging to certain families, specifically: RHW: any of numerous edible, spiny-finned, freshwater or marine fishes of the families Serranidae and Centrarchidae. CYC: Bass-Fish NOTE: WordNet does not have an entry for the fish itself (the physical object); the closest entry under 'bass' is: WN HOWEVER, the parent is the food substance that is the flesh of a fish. This may WN be a mistake in the hierarchy, so this Wordnet sense is used as the quivalent, WN assuming it was intended to be the fish object. in WordNet: 5. freshwater bass, bass - (any of various North American freshwater fish with lean flesh (especially of the genus Micropterus)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFish . :Bassinet :guid "c0b05659-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bassinet1n" ; :wordnet "bassinet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of beds for #$HumanInfants. A #$Bassinet is a small, walled, often portable bed that can hold a baby usually from birth to about six months. RHW 'bassinet': 1. a basket with a hood over one end, for use as a baby's cradle. NOTE that the WN gloss seems to distinguish a 'baby bed' from a 'bassinet' by indicating that a 'Bassinet' has a hood carrying handle.(?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bassinet' in WordNet: 1. (1) bassinet - (a basket (usually hooded) used as a baby's bed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BabyBed, :Basket, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hood ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Bassoon :guid "bd5c91c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bassoon1n" ; :wordnet "bassoon" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """large double-reed instrument Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bassoon' in WordNet: 1. bassoon - (a double-reed instrument; the tenor of the oboe family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoubleReedWoodwindInstrument . :Bat :guid "bd589280-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bat1n", "chiropteran1n" ; :wordnet "bat", "chiropteran" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc 'Bat-Mammal'. 'Die Fledermaus' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bat' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bat, chiropteran - (nocturnal mouselike mammal with forelimbs modified to form membranous wings and anatomical adaptations for echolocation by which they navigate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, :PlacentalMammal, :TerrestrialOrganism . :BatchOfThings :wnsense "batch1n", "batch3n", "clutch4n" ; :wordnet "batch", "clutch" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BatchOfThings'' is Group of PhysicalObjects that have been handled or processed together or are to be handled or processed together. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'batch' in WordNet: 1. (1) batch - (all the loaves of bread baked at the same time) 3. batch, clutch - (a collection of things or persons to be handled together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isModifiedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ] . :BathAccessory :en "bath accessory" ; :guid "bf52cfb1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An object used for the purpose of Bathing." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalHygieneProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bathing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :BathHouse :guid "1f0e6ea6-c070-11d6-8000-0002b3a330dc" ; :wnsense "bathhouse1n", "bathing machine1n" ; :wordnet "bathhouse", "bathing machine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Bathhouse-Facility': The collection of all bathhouses. Includes RHW 'barhing machine': bathing-machine. n. a small bathhouse on wheels formerly used as a dressing room and in which bathers could also be transported from the beach to the water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bathhouse' in WordNet: 1. bathhouse, bathing machine - (a building containing dressing rooms for bathers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :HumanShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DressingRoom ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dressing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :BathLinen :wnsense "bath linen1n" ; :wordnet "bath linen" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BathLinen'' is a ''HouseholdLinen'' used for washing the body... Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bath linen' in WordNet: 1. bath linen - (linens for use in the bathroom) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HouseholdLinen . :BathTowel :guid "bd589c12-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bath towel1n" ; :wordnet "bath towel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A standard size towel, intended for drying the body after bathing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bath towel' in WordNet: 1. (1) bath towel - (a large towel; to dry yourself after a bath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BathAccessory, :ClothTowel . :Bathing :guid "bd58d9e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bath", "bathe" ; :typicallyOccursAt :Bathroom ; :wnsense "bath2n", "bathe1v", "bathing2n" ; :wordnet "bath", "bathe", "bathing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of whole body washing events, such as #$TakingAShower and #$TakingABath. NOTe this is not a subtype of ''Animalbathing'' because it includes taking a shower and washing wile standing, and is not necessarily a type of 'Immersing'. COSMO follows Cyc in restricting this to people - SUMO 'Bathing' includes animals. Therefore in COSMO this Action typically occurs in a Bathroom. SUMO: Washing the entire body of a Human or Animal. Includes verb sense 1 of 'bathe' and noun sense 2 of 'bath' and noun sense 2 of 'bathing' in WordNet, but can be done in a shower as well as a bathtub: in WordNet: WN noun 'bath': 2. (2) bath - (you soak and wash your body in a bathtub; 'he has a good bath every morning') WN noun 'bathing': 2. (1) washup, bathing - (the act of washing yourself (or another person)) WN verb 'bathe': 1. (5) bathe - (cleanse the entire body; 'bathe daily') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalWashing . :Bathroom :guid "8ff4db38-2983-41d7-9cae-f85d8d159e85" ; :ldoce "bath" ; :wnsense "bath6n", "bathroom1n" ; :wordnet "bath", "bathroom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A room which contains bathing facilities, and often in addition, a toilet. A room having only a wash basin or only a toilet is not an instance of this type. This type should be differentiated: If it contains only bathing facilities, it should be a 'Washroom'; if only a toilet, then a 'Toilet'. As of v0.52 the subtypes are not yet in COSMO. Cyc: Any room which is primarily intended for bathing, showering, or washing. SUMO: A Room that contains a WashBasin and possibly a Toilet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bathroom' and sense 6 of 'bath' in WordNet: 1. (6) bathroom, bath - (a room (as in a residence) containing a bathtub or shower and usually a washbasin and toilet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restroom . :Bathtub :guid "bd589bb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bath" ; :wnsense "bath3n", "bathing tub1n", "bathtub1n", "tub1n" ; :wordnet "bath", "bathing tub", "bathtub", "tub" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The collection of all #$Tubs primarily used for #$TakingABath. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bathtub' and snes 3 of 'bath' in WordNet: 1. (2) bathtub, bathing tub, bath, tub - (a relatively large open container that you fill with water and use to wash the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :PlumbingFixture, :Tub . :Batman :wnsense "batman1n" ; :wordnet "batman" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Batman'' is an ''MilitaryOrderly'' (a '''Soldier'') who is an ''Attender''serving a British officer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'batman' in WordNet: 1. batman - (an orderly assigned to serve a British military officer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BritishPerson, :MilitaryOrderly . :Baton :wnsense "baton4n" ; :wordnet "baton" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Baton'' is the one used by a ''DrumMajor'' or ''DrumMajorette'' during a Parade (and in practice). conductor, music director, director Corresponds to of noun sense 4 of 'baton' in WordNet: 4. baton - (a hollow metal rod that is wielded or twirled by a drum major or drum majorette) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :LongAndThinThing, :Rod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrumMajor ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Majorette ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrumMajorette ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParadeEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :BatonTwirler :wnsense "baton twirler1n", "twirler1n" ; :wordnet "baton twirler", "twirler" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BatonTwirler'' is someone who twirls a bton. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baton twirler' in WordNet: 1. baton twirler, twirler - (someone who twirls a baton) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwirlingaBaton ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Battalion-MilitaryEchelon :guid "bee99f13-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "battalion1n" ; :wordnet "battalion" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The attribute of being a military battalion within a military echelon structure. In the USA, a military unit with the status of #$Division-UnitDesignation is typically composed of nine or more units with the status of #$Battalion-UnitDesignation, and a unit with the status of #$Battalion-UnitDesignation is typically composed of three or more units with the status of #$Company-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'battalion' in WordNet: 1. (2) battalion - (an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModernMilitaryOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArmyDivision ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ] . :Battered :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :UsingSomething ; :wnsense "battered1adj", "battered2adj" ; :wordnet "battered" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (distinction?) of 'battered' in Wordnet: 1. (2) battered, beat-up, beaten-up - (damaged by blows or hard usage; 'a battered old car'; 'the beaten-up old Ford') 2. (1) battered - (damaged especially by hard usage; 'his battered old hat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Damaged, :PastParticiple . :BatteringAnObject :en "batter down", "battering down" ; :eng "battering" ; :wnsense "batter1v", "buffet1v", "knock about1v" ; :wordnet "batter", "buffet", "knock about" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BatteringAnObject'' is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' that uses some form of ''BatteringRam'' to break down a barrier such as a door. However, even high winds can 'buffet' something - that sense is represented by ''BuffetingAnObject''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'batter' in WordNet: 1. (3) buffet, knock about, batter - (strike against forcefully; 'Winds buffeted the tent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ApplyingAForce, :StrikingAnObjectEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BatteringRam ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :BatteringRam :wnsense "battering ram1n" ; :wordnet "battering ram" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BatteringRam'' is a ''Ram-Device'' that is large enough and strong enough to break down doors. It can be small enough to be used by one Policeman or large enough to require lifting on a support (for medeiaval sieges). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'battering ram' in WordNet: 1. (1) battering ram - (a ram used to break down doors of fortified buildings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject, :Tool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BatteringAnObject ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Battery :guid "bd589cae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "battery2n", "electric battery1n" ; :wordnet "battery", "electric battery" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Batteries: providers of DC electricity from chemical reactions. SUMO: Battery is a subclass of Device. Batteries are devices that use chemical means to store or produce electrical power. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'battery' in WordNet: 2. (10) battery, electric battery - (a device that produces electricity; may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or series) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :PowerSource, :VoltageSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoElectrodes ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :BatteryPoweredDevice :en "battery powered device" ; :enn "battery powered device" ; :guid "c0e5a3b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$SelfPoweredDevices in which a #$Battery serves as a noteworthy #$internalPowerSource. NOTE that a ''Flashlight'' requires a Battery as a resource, but the Battery is not specified as a 'part' because the Flashlight is still a ''Flashlight'' without a battery in it. So it is not necessary that a ''\"BatteryPoweredDevice'' 'contain' a battery. NOTE: these devices may also have, or even require, a line source of electrical power. See 'LaptopComputer'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, :SelfPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Battery ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Battery ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Batting :wnsense "batting1n" ; :wordnet "batting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Batting'' is a subEvent of a BaseballGame in which a batter attempts to get on base. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'batting' in WordNet: 1. (2) batting - ((baseball) the batter's attempt to get on base) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attempt, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballPlayer ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballBat ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HomePlate ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HittingaBaseballWithaBat ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :BattingLineup :en "line-up" ; :enn "line-up" ; :wnsense "batting order1n", "card10n", "lineup1n" ; :wordnet "batting order", "card", "lineup" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BattingLineup'' is a ''ListOfPeople'', each element of which represents the Name of a ''BaseballPlayer'', in the order in which they are expected to come to bat in a particular game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lineup' in WordNet: 1. (1) batting order, card, lineup - ((baseball) a list of batters in the order in which they will bat; 'the managers presented their cards to the umpire at home plate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ListOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BaseballBatter ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :Battle :guid "bd58aeb0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "battle", "fight" ; :wnsense "battle1n", "battle3n", "combat1v", "fight1n", "fight4n" ; :wordnet "battle", "combat", "fight" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Battle' is a physical hostile engagement between two groups of people, including military and non-military groups. This must include attempts to inflict physical harm on opposing indviduals or disabling their ability to resist, whether or not the attempts are successful; shouting matches between opposing groups is not included. Fights between two individual people are not included, but air-to-air combat between individual military planes is included, as it represents conflict between opposing military forces. For the more specific battles between military forces, use ''MilitaryEngagement''. Cyc: A specialization of #$HostileSocialAction. Each instance of #$Battle is an event in which two or more large groups of people meet and fight one another, each group seeking to vanquish (some of) the others. Instances of #$Battle are often conducted by instances of #$MilitaryOrganization (q.v.), and they may influence the outcomes of instances of #$WagingWar (q.v.). Each instance of #$Battle will have as sub-events at least two #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent events, in which one of the fighting groups attacks the other. The SUMO 'battle' is specifically military - use 'MilitaryEngagement' Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'battle' and verb sense 1 of 'combat'in WordNet, not restricted to military forces: in WordNet: 1. (73) battle, conflict, fight, engagement - (a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war; 'Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga'; 'he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement') 3. conflict, struggle, battle - (an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); 'the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph' - Thomas Paine; 'police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs') WN 'fight': 1. (268) fight, fighting, combat, scrap - (the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; 'a fight broke out at the hockey game'; 'there was fighting in the streets'; 'the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap') 4. (49) battle, conflict, fight, engagement - (a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war; 'Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga'; 'he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement') WN verb 'combat': 1. (6) battle, combat - (battle or contend against in or as if in a battle; 'The Kurds are combating Iraqi troops in Northern Iraq'; 'We must combat the prejudices against other races'; 'they battled over the budget') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fight-Physical, :PhysicalDestructionEvent, :ViolentAction . :Battlefield :wnsense "battlefield1n", "battleground1n", "field of battle1n", "field of honor2n", "field2n" ; :wordnet "battlefield", "battleground", "field", "field of battle", "field of honor" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'battlefield' in WordNet: 1. (5) battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor, field - (a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought; 'they made a tour of Civil War battlefields') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryEngagement ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :Battleship :guid "c10098d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "battleship1n", "battlewagon1n" ; :wordnet "battleship", "battlewagon" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection. Large and heavily armored warships. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'battleship' in WordNet: 1. battleship, battlewagon - (large and heavily armoured warship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModernNavalShip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Armor ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Bawling :wnsense "bawl3v", "howl1v", "roar3v", "ululate1v", "wail1v", "yaup1v", "yawl1v" ; :wordnet "bawl", "howl", "roar", "ululate", "wail", "yaup", "yawl" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: 'howl, uulate ...' might be a parent of 'bawling' - @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'bawl' in WordNet: 3. bawl - (cry loudly; 'Don't bawl in public!') WN verb 'wail': 1. (7) howl, ululate, wail, roar, yawl, yaup - (emit long loud cries; 'wail in self-pity'; 'howl with sorrow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wailing ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Bay :guid "bd58b560-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bay1n" ; :wordnet "bay" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """@ToDo: how to add 'indentation'? NOTE: a ''bay'' may be in a lake; for bay-like indentations along a seashore use ''Gulf''. CYC: 'BayAsWaterway': an inlet of a body of water, usually smaller than a gulf. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bay' in Wordnet: 1. (7) bay, embayment - (an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater-Large, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shore ] . :Bayonet :wnsense "bayonet1n" ; :wordnet "bayonet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A weapon with a blade shorter than a sword desiged to be fixed on the end of a rifle and used for hand-to-hand fighting. We set a minimum length as 30 centimeters - shorter than that would likely be considered as a knife. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bayonet' in Wordnet: 1. (5) bayonet - (a knife that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attachment, :BladedWeapon-NonProjectile, :CloseQuarterCombatWeapon, :LethalWeapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "30"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rifle ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyConnectedTo ] . :Bazooka :guid "bdcaa5e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bazooka1n" ; :wordnet "bazooka" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of shoulder-held #$MissileLaunchers that fire #$Missiles which are #$RocketPropelledVehicles and #$AntiArmorWeapons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bazooka' in WordNet: 1. bazooka - (a portable rocket launcher used by infantrymen as an antitank weapon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecoillessLauncher, :SmallArm-Weapon . :Beach :guid "bd58ef29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beach1n" ; :wordnet "beach" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the physical object consisting of ''Sand'' or other ''GranularSubstance'' adjacent to a BodyOfWater. For beaches that are sandy, use the subtype ''SandyBeach''. CYC: Beaches are sandy or pebbly regions along the edge of a large body of water such as a river, a lake, or a sea. See #$SandyBeach. Corresponds to but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'beach' in WordNet (includes pebbly beaches): 1. (14) beach - (an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalArea, :LongAndThinThing, :OutdoorGeographicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoreline ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GranularSubstance ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :BeachorSwimmingPool a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic ; owl:unionOf (:Beach :SwimmingPool ) . :Bead :wnsense "bead1n" ; :wordnet "bead" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small sphere of some solid material, punctured with a hole through one diameter, designed to be used as one of several such items on a string, as ornamentation or as jewelry. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bead' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bead - (a small ball with a hole through the middle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, :SolidObject, :SphericalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PiercedHole ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Beagle :guid "c1009a35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beagle1n" ; :wordnet "beagle" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beagle' in WordNet: 1. beagle - (a small short-legged smooth-coated breed of hound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hound . :Beagle-Fict :en "fictional beagle" ; a :MentalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Beagle-Fict'' is a fictional ''Beagle''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beagle ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ] . :Beak :guid "bd58f87d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "beak" ; :wnsense "beak1n", "beak2n" ; :wordnet "beak" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type will include both turtle and bird beaks (and any others that might be on other animals). The bird beak is a subtype. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'beak' in WordNet: 1. (1) beak - (beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles)) 2. (1) beak, bill, neb, nib, pecker - (horny projecting mouth of a bird) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Protrusion, :RigidObject . :Beam :guid "bd589026-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "beam" ; :wnsense "beam2n" ; :wordnet "beam" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a broad category of solid object used to support something, either on top of it or suspended from it. The beam of a two-pan balance is an example of a small beam; a 'balance beam' used in gymnastics is a medium-sized beam; a construction girder would be a large one. The beams used in construction are under the subtype ''StructuralBeam''. NOTE: the CYC definition is closer to subtype ''StructuralBeam'', but it also includes 'abstract' beams.?? Unlike the Cyc usage, this cannot be an abstract object. Cyc: A specialization of #$RectangularParallelepiped (q.v.). Each instance of #$Beam has a maximum dimension (length) significantly greater than its next largest dimension (e.g. width). Instances of this collection include spatially-localized objects, such as iron girders, as well as abstract beams. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'beam' in WordNet: 2. (9) beam - (long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuralMember, :SupportingObject . :Bean :ldoce "bean" ; :wnsense "bean1n" ; :wordnet "bean" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Bean' is a seed of some plant, that can be eaten or (such as coffee beans) used to prepare something edible, or some drug substance. This is the most general sense of 'Bean' in COSMO. However, metaphorical senses such as 'jelly bean' or the bean-like objects used as game pieces, are not included in this type. NOTE: it would be best to adhere to linguistic usage, and not include edible seeds such as sunflower seeds in this category, but as of r633, the way to distinguish these types is not clear. See also 'Beans', the substance consisting of multiple individual 'Bean's. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bean' in WordNet: 1. (2) bean, edible bean - (any of various edible seeds of plants of the family Leguminosae used for food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleObject, :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeanPlant ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beanoid ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :BeanLikeFruit :wnsense "bean2n" ; :wordnet "bean" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bean' in WordNet: 2. bean - (any of various seeds or fruits that are beans or resemble beans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit . :BeanPlant :wnsense "bean plant1n" ; :wordnet "bean plant" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, :OrganismType, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bean plant' in Wordnet: 1. bean, bean plant - (any of various leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds and pods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegumeOrder . :BeanStuff :en "beans" ; :guid "bd58f433-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is taken as any form of Bean (the food stuff) other than single beans (for which see 'Bean'): either mashed up beans, or (a subtypeof this type) multiple whole beans. CYC: In Cyc called 'Bean-Foodstuff': A substance derived from instances of 'Bean'. Cyc: Food derived from the seed of a bean plant. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bean ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Beanoid a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Beanoid'' is a distorted 'Ovoid' that deviates somewhat from a precise ''Ovoid''. This is something in the shape of a 'bean', which may be curved to look like a short segment of a torus with rounded edges, or may be close to a British rugby 'football' shape. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ovoid . :Beans :en "beans" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A food substance consisting of multiple individual ''Bean''s. It may have a minority component of other substances - therefore the substance in a can of baked beans is a subtype of this type. This is the plural of 'bean' - there is no substance sense in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeanStuff, :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bean ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfManyOf ] . :Beanstalk :wnsense "beanstalk1n" ; :wordnet "beanstalk" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Included because the familiarity of 'Jack and the Beanstalk' makes this part of a basic vocabulary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beanstalk' in Wordnet: 1. beanstalk - (stem of a bean plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeanPlant ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeanPlant ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Bear :guid "bd58c67e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bear" ; :wnsense "bear1n" ; :wordnet "bear" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Definition 1 of 'bear' (noun) from Random House Webster: any of the plantigrade, carnivorous or omnivorous mammals of the family Ursidae, having massive bodies, coarse heavy fur, relatively short limbs, and almost rudimentary tails. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bear' in WordNet: 1. (1) bear - (massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore, :DangerousAnimal, :Omnivore . :Bearable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Tolerating ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Tolerating ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unbearable ; :wnsense "bearable1adj", "endurable1adj", "sufferable1adj", "supportable1adj", "tolerable1adj" ; :wordnet "bearable", "endurable", "sufferable", "supportable", "tolerable" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of experiences that are ''Unpleasant'' but not so onerous as to be incapable of being tolerated. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bearable' in Wordnet: 1. bearable, endurable, sufferable, supportable - (capable of being borne though unpleasant; 'sufferable punishment') WN adj 'tolerable': 1. tolerable - (capable of being borne or endured; 'the climate is at least tolerable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpleasant . :Beard :guid "bd588381-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Person ; :ldoce "beard" ; :wnsense "beard1n", "face fungus1n", "whiskers1n" ; :wordnet "beard", "face fungus", "whiskers" ; a :FacialHairType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Facial hair covering at least part of the chin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beard' in WordNet: 1. (8) beard, face fungus, whiskers - (the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialHair, :MobOfHair-Mammal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chin ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Bearded :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Beard ; :wnsense "bearded2adj" ; :wordnet "bearded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This Bearded'' is for a ''Plant''; for people use ''Bewhiskered''. 'bearded iris' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'bearded' in Wordnet: 2. bearded - (having a growth of hairlike awns; 'bearded wheatgrass') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Bearing :en "being relevant" ; :wnsense "bearing1n", "relevance1n", "relevancy1n" ; :wordnet "bearing", "relevance", "relevancy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bearing'' is a form of ''Relatedness' in which some fact theory or proposition needs to be or should be taken into consideration in solving some problem or making a decison (of any kind). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bearing' and sense 1 of 'relevance' in WordNet: 1. (1) bearing - (relevant relation or interconnection; 'those issues have no bearing on our situation') WN noun 'relevance': 1. (7) relevance, relevancy - (the relation of something to the matter at hand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relevant ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BearingObject :wnsense "bearing6n" ; :wordnet "bearing" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BearingObject'' may be spherical or cylindrical. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'bearing' in WordNet: 6. bearing - (a rotating support placed between moving parts to allow them to move easily) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotation ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BearingPunishment :isCausedBy :Punishing ; :ldoce "punishment" ; :wnsense "penalty3n", "punishment1n" ; :wordnet "penalty", "punishment" ; a :ActionType, :LimitationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BearingPunishment' is an Event (which can be a static situation) in which one agent must endure some unpleasant acts or state, as a result of an act of Punishing by another agent The transitive action of inflicting punishment is represented by ''Punishing'' \"It matters not how strait the gate, How charged with punishments the scroll . . .\" Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'punishment' and noun sense 3 of 'penalty' in WordNet (the part of the action born by the agent being punished). in WordNet: 1. (12) punishment, penalty, penalization, penalisation - (the act of punishing) WN noun 'penalty': 3. (1) penalty - (the disadvantage or painful consequences of an action or condition; 'neglected his health and paid the penalty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Punishing ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displeasure ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :BeastOfBurden :wnsense "beast of burden1n" ; :wordnet "beast of burden" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BeastOfBurden'' is a Quadruped used for doing heavy work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beast of burden' in Wordnet: 1. beast of burden, jument - (an animal such as a donkey or ox or elephant used for transporting loads or doing other heavy work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quadruped . :BeastType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """BeastType is a metatype which is a specialization of AnimalType that can serve as type for a ''NonHumanAnimal''s generally.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalType . :Beaten :isAnAttributeValueOf :SheetOfSomeStuff ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ShapingByBeating ; :wnsense "beaten1adj" ; :wordnet "beaten" ; a :MysticalType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Beaten'' is for a thin ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that has been made ''Thin'' by ''ShapingByBeating''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'beaten' in Wordnet: 1. beaten - (formed or made thin by hammering; 'beaten gold') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Thin . :Beating :en "beating" ; :eng "beating", "pounding" ; :wnsense "beat4v", "pound4v", "thump1v" ; :wordnet "beat", "pound", "thump" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'beat' in WordNet: 4. (4) beat, pound, thump - (move rhythmically; 'Her heart was beating fast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :MotionInPlace . :BeatingAnAnimal :ldoce "beat" ; :wnsense "beat2v" ; :wordnet "beat" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BeatingAnAnimal' is a HittingAnObject (using the hand), whether with the hand itself or with some instrument held in the hand. For 'BeatingAnAnimal' with a Club-weapon use 'ClubbingAnAnimal'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'beat' in WordNet: 2. (9) beat, beat up, work over - (give a beating to; subject to a beating, either as a punishment or as an act of aggression; 'Thugs beat him up when he walked down the street late at night'; 'The teacher used to beat the students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, :HittingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnimalType :Animal ) ] ] . :BeatrixPotter :died :Date19431223 ; :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; :isTheAuthorOf :PeterRabbitNovels ; a :Author, :DeadPerson, :FemalePerson ; rdfs:comment """Beatrix Potter died at Castle Cottage in Sawrey on 22 December 1943. Her body was cremated at Carleton Crematorium, Blackpool, and her ashes were scattered in the countryside near Sawrey. """ . :Beautiful :isMoreIntenseThan :Pretty ; :isTheOppositeOf :Ugly ; :ldoce "beautiful" ; :perceivingCausesMentalEvent :Pleasure ; :wnsense "beautiful1adj" ; :wordnet "beautiful" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Beautiful' is a subtype of 'Attractive' expressing the ability to cause a high level of pleasure when viewing an object or event. NOTE that to 'have beauty' is the same as to 'be beautiful', so this sense is systematically related to the sense of the word 'beauty', and at this point both English words are used as labels. This is similar to sense 1 of the RandomHouse Webster: 1. the quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind, whether arising from sensory manifestations (as shape, color, sound, etc.), a meaningful design or pattern, or something else (as a personality in which high spiritual qualities are manifest). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'beautiful' in WordNet: 1. (25) beautiful - (delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration; 'a beautiful child'; 'beautiful country'; 'a beautiful painting'; 'a beautiful theory'; 'a beautiful party') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attractive, :Salient . :BeautifulWoman :en "beautiful woman" ; :enn "beautiful woman" ; :wnsense "beauty2n", "dish4n", "knockout1n", "looker2n", "lulu1n", "mantrap1n", "peach2n", "ravisher2n", "smasher2n", "stunner1n", "sweetheart3n" ; :wordnet "beauty", "dish", "knockout", "looker", "lulu", "mantrap", "peach", "ravisher", "smasher", "stunner", "sweetheart" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BeautifulWoman'' is more attractive than a ''PrettyWoman''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beauty' in WordNet: 2. (1) smasher, stunner, knockout, beauty, ravisher, sweetheart, peach, lulu, looker, mantrap, dish - (a very attractive or seductive looking woman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PrettyWoman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StunninglyBeautiful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Beautifully :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Beautiful ; :wnsense "attractively1adv", "beautifully1adv" ; :wordnet "attractively", "beautifully" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Beautifully'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action to specify that it was performed in a manner that the action itself or the result of the action evokes a Feeling of pleasure in the way that looking at something ''beautiful'' does. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'beautifully' in WordNet: 1. (6) beautifully, attractively - (in a beautiful manner; 'her face was beautifully made up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Beautifying :wnsense "beautification1n", "beautify1v", "fancify1v", "prettify1v" ; :wordnet "beautification", "beautify", "fancify", "prettify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of making something more ''Attractive'', hopefully (but not always) even ''Beautiful. NOTE: WN seems to make some distinction between the general sense of beautifying and the act of making more beautiful by adding something (sense 2: '2. deck, adorn, decorate, grace, embellish, beautify - (be beautiful to look at; 'Flowers adorned the tables everywhere')) and part of sense 3. The senses 2 and 3 are represented as subtype ''Decorating''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'beautify' in WordNet: 1. (1) fancify, beautify, embellish, prettify - (make more beautiful) WN noun 'beautification': 1. beautification - (the act of making something more beautiful) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ImprovementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beauty ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Attractive ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Beauty :takesValue :AttractivenessValue ; :wnsense "beauty1n" ; :wordnet "beauty" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Beauty'' is an AttributeType that applies mostly to visual atractiveness, of people, art, or graceful actions such as dance, but can also apply to music, instrumental or voice, and to qualities of people such as unselfishness or generosity. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'beauty' in WordNet, including behaviors that give pleasure to perceive: 1. (16) beauty - (the qualities that give pleasure to the senses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attractiveness . :BeautyPageant :en "beauty contest", "beauty pageant" ; :enn "beauty contest", "beauty pageant" ; a :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A ''BeautyPageant'' is a ''Competition'' between multiple Women who are assessed by judges (possibly a large number of people) who decide which one of them is the most ''Beautiful'' by some criteria. No WN sense. RHW has a sense for 'beauty contest': 1. a competition in which the entrants, usually women, are judged as to physical beauty and sometimes personality and talent, with the winners awarded prizes or titles. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competition, :Pageant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfWomen ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :BeautyParlor :wnsense "beauty parlor1n", "beauty parlour1n", "beauty salon1n", "beauty shop1n", "salon2n" ; :wordnet "beauty parlor", "beauty parlour", "beauty salon", "beauty shop", "salon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BeautyParlor'' is a ''Shop'' where people (usually women) can have their appearance improved by, for example,hair styling, nail clpping or application of makeup or skin lotions. RHW: an establishment for the hairdressing, manicuring, or other cosmetic treatment of women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beauty parlor' in WordNet: 1. salon, beauty salon, beauty parlor, beauty parlour, beauty shop - (a shop where hairdressers and beauticians work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceEstablishment, :Shop, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beautifying ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :BeautyTreatment :wnsense "beauty treatment1n" ; :wordnet "beauty treatment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beauty treatment' in WordNet: 1. beauty treatment - (enhancement of someone's personal beauty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beautifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Beaver :guid "bd58a394-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beaver7n" ; :wordnet "beaver" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'beaver' in WordNet: 7. beaver - (large semiaquatic rodent with webbed hind feet and a broad flat tail; construct complex dams and underwater lodges) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent . :BeaverDam a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BeaverDam'' is a ''FixedStructure'' similar to a ''Dam'' in lying on a stream bed and hindering the current so as to build up a small lake on the upstream side. However, this is built by beavers from sticks and mud, not by people, and is designed to protect the beaver by providing an nest inside the dam above the water level, with an entrance under water. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalArtifact, :ProtectiveObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StreamCurrent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beaver ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StreamBed ; owl:onProperty :isOnTopOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stream ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beaver ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :Beckoning :eng "beckoning" ; :wnsense "beckon3v" ; :wordnet "beckon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the ''Beckoning'' that signifies that a Person wants another person to approach (come to him/her); this can be a form of welcoming (as into a room) to someone nearby to another person and uncertain if that Person would want her/him nearby. Usually done with the hand(s), sometimes with the Head. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'beckon' in WordNet: 3. beckon - (summon with a wave, nod, or some other gesture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAGesture, :SummoningSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Welcoming ; owl:onProperty :signifies ] . :BecomingAffiliated :wnsense "affiliate1v", "affiliation2n" ; :wordnet "affiliate", "affiliation" ; a :ActionType, :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingAffiliated'' is a ''SocialInteraction'' in which one agent intentionally forms an ''Affiliation'' with another person or GroupOfPeople or Organization. This is an intransitive Action performed by the ''IntelligentAgent'' who becomes ''Affiliated'',though it may be the result of a Group or Organization formally accepting another Agent as an 'affiliate'. The ''Affiliation'' can be any of a variety of relationships, including ''Membership''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'affiliate' in WordNet: 1. affiliate - (join in an affiliation; 'They affiliated themselves with the organization') WN noun 'affiliation': 2. (2) affiliation - (the act of becoming formally connected or joined; 'welcomed the affiliation of the research center with the university') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialInteraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Affiliation ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Affiliate ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :BecomingAwareOfAnEvent :guid "bd5ba30b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of gaining knowledge or awareness of a particular action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :LearningAboutaTopic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :BecomingDisappointed :ldoce "disappoint" ; :wnsense "disappoint1v" ; :wordnet "disappoint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which some Agent becomes disappointed - due to the action of another agent, or merely due to some unwanted circumstance. The subject of this action is the person becoming disappointed, and this represents a passive voice of the verb 'disappoint' - 'he was disappointed by . . .'. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'dissapoint' in WordNet: 1. (5) disappoint, let down - (fail to meet the hopes or expectations of; 'Her boyfriend let her down when he did not propose marriage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Disappointment ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disappointed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :BecomingDiverted :wnsense "depart6v", "divert1v", "divert2v", "sidetrack1v" ; :wordnet "depart", "divert", "sidetrack" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingDiverted'' is an Action in which some Person changes the type intensity or goal of its Behavior due to some form of ''DistractingaPerson'' that causes the Person to pay more attention to something other than the original Activity. This includes both transitive (causing diversion) and intransitive senses. These can be distinguished, if needed. ''Digressing'' is a subtype specific for 'wandering off topic' while communicating. Corresponds to verb sense 2 and part of verb sense 1 of 'divert' as well as sense 1 of 'sidetrack' (for changing the 'direction' of an activity, not a physical direction) in WordNet: 1. (2) deviate, divert - (turn aside; turn away from) 2. (2) divert - (send on a course or in a direction different from the planned or intended one) WN verb 'sidetrack': 1. sidetrack, depart, digress, straggle - (wander from a direct or straight course) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModifyingBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DistractingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ] . :BecomingElected :en "be elected", "become elected", "get elected" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingElected'' is an Event in which some Person is elected to some position. This co-occurs with ''ElectingSomeone'' but is an Event from the perspective of the Person who becomes ''Elected'' - that is, the ''Electee''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectoralCandidate ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electee ; owl:onProperty :patientAssumesRole ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elected ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :BecomingEvent :en "ChangeEvent", "change event", "change into", "turn into" ; :eng "changing" ; :ldoce "become", "change", "get", "go", "passage", "turn" ; :wnsense "become1v", "become2v", "become3v", "change1n", "change1v", "change3v", "get2v", "go4v", "passage1n", "transition1n", "transition3n", "turn2v" ; :wordnet "become", "change", "get", "go", "passage", "transition", "turn" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BecomingEvent' is an Event in which some Object or Process changes its type or state or *changes* some *internal* attribute that is of noticeable significance. This captures the general sense of 'change' other than change of location. NOTE that this type is disjoint with 'PersistentState' . If some form of stasis occurs at the same time as a change, representing both of those types of Events would require that the staticEvent be a subevent, or that they both be subevents of some larger event. This is broad and intentionally vague so as to encompass any Event that could be referred to by a statement such as 'the object became . . .'. A change of color could suffice: 'the apple became red after three days'; 'the bananas turned yellow overnight'. Longer time intervals would also qualify: 'This little baby became a fearsome warrior'. Subtypes such as 'ChangeOfStatusEvent' and 'CreationOrDestructionEvent' are included. Changes in behavioral or psychological attributes of people or animals are included. NOTE: to specify the result of a change, use 'subjectBecomes' relation. To specify the entity changed, use the 'hadThingAffected' relation. NOTE: all Events involve a change of some attribute or relation, but this type of Event should be used for those changes that change something significant about the properties of the Object itself; mere change of location or of possession would not qualify as a 'BecomingEvent'. The number of subtypes is likely to expand as more and more specific events are found to be referred to by a phrase meaning 'become', such as 'turned' or 'turned into' or 'changed into' or 'was transformed'. It may be hard to exclude any Event other than a PersistentState, or Motion not involving internal changes, but the usage will have to be determined by its applicability in language processing, and kept as narrow as possible while accommodating common usage. This is a general sense including the intransitive and transitive sense of 'change' in WordNet, verb senses 1 and 3; conceptually included subtypes are not included in the term list: in WordNet: 1. (69) change - (undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; 'She changed completely as she grew older'; 'The weather changed last night') 3. (13) change, alter, vary - (make or become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; 'her mood changes in accordance with the weather'; 'The supermarket's selection of vegetables varies according to the season') WN noun sense 1 of 'change': 1. (76) change, alteration, modification - (an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; 'the change was intended to increase sales'; 'this storm is certainly a change for the worse'; 'the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago') WN WN Also Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'become', verb sense 2 of 'turn' (especially as WN in 'turn into'), sense 4 of 'go' and WN noun senses 1, 2 and 3 of 'transition' and noun sense 1 of 'passage' in WN: WN noun 'transition' WN NOTE that the sense of 'get' is better expressed by 'turn into', but there is no WN Wordnet entry for that phrase. 1. (10) passage, transition - (the act of passing from one state or place to the next) 3. (1) transition - (a change from one place or state or subject or stage to another) WN 'become' 1. (333) become, go, get - (enter or assume a certain state or condition; 'He became annoyed when he heard the bad news'; 'It must be getting more serious'; 'her face went red with anger'; 'She went into ecstasy'; 'Get going!') 2. (222) become, turn - (undergo a change or development; 'The water turned into ice'; 'Her former friend became her worst enemy'; 'He turned traitor') 3. (5) become - (come into existence; 'What becomes has duration') WN verb 'turn': 2. (660) become, turn - (undergo a change or development; 'The water turned into ice'; 'Her former friend became her worst enemy'; 'He turned traitor') WN verb 'go': 4. (29) become, go, get - (enter or assume a certain state or condition; 'He became annoyed when he heard the bad news'; 'It must be getting more serious'; 'her face went red with anger'; 'She went into ecstasy'; 'Get going!' . . . 'go ballistic', 'go nuts', etc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] ; owl:disjointWith :PersistentState . :BecomingMarooned :wnsense "maroon1v" ; :wordnet "maroon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingMarooned'' is an Action in which a ''Person''(s) becomes isolated in a location where they cannot leave to return to their home base (''Marooned''). This is prototypically on some remote unpopulate island, but could be in any wilderness where it is impractical to walk out and no transportation method is available. Typically there is no means of communication with the outside world. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'maroon' in WordNet: 1. (1) maroon, strand - (leave stranded or isolated with little hope of rescue; 'the travellers were marooned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :Isolating . :BecomingOlder :en "aging", "get old", "get on in years", "getting old", "getting on in years", "recede into the past", "receding into the past", "recession" ; :wnsense "age2f", "mature5v", "senesce1v" ; :wordnet "age", "mature", "senesce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingOlder'' is a broad category for any Event in which something (physical or abstract) becomes 'older'' (i.e. the time beween its beginning and 'now' increases). Necessarily, everything that has a starting time gets older every minute of every day, but this type is used to discuss the associated events and properties that occur as specific things get older in specific ways. The phrase 'over time' is also used to discuss wha happens in association with aging. This is for the literal process of getting older, not for the process of 'seeming' to get older or 'feeling' older. 'recede' is included here as used in the sense 'recede into the past' (of events). NOTE that this is the general sense; 'senesce; and 'mature' should be subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'age' in WordNet: 2. (1) senesce, age, get on, mature, maturate - (grow old or older; 'She aged gracefully'; 'we age every day-what a depressing thought!'; 'Young men senesce') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weariness ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :BecomingOpen :ldoce "open" ; :wnsense "open up6v", "open3v" ; :wordnet "open", "open up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingOpen'' is the intransitive Event in which some solid surface develops a hole or 'opening' at some point in the surface. Includes the transitive and intransitive verb senses 1 and 3 of 'open' in WordNet: 3. (17) open, open up - (become open; 'The door opened') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opening ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BecomingPregnant :en "become pregnant", "becoming pregnant", "conceiving" ; :wnsense "conceive3v", "conception2n" ; :wordnet "conceive", "conception" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingPregnant'' is an Action in which a animal ovum is fertilized and an embryo begins to grow insode the animal. The word used for 'to become pregnant' is 'to conceive'. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'conceive' in WordNet: 3. (2) conceive - (become pregnant; undergo conception; 'She cannot conceive'; 'My daughter was conceived in Christmas Day') WN noun 'conception': 2. (4) conception - (the act of becoming pregnant; fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pregnancy ; owl:onProperty :starts ] . :BecomingSnagged :wnsense "snag1v" ; :wordnet "snag" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingSnagged'' is a type of ''ResistingMotion'' in which some ''LongAndThinObject'' that is curved or hooked snags on some stationary Object that provides resistance to the motion of the ''LongAndThinObject''. This can be snagging of a fishing line, or a drag line, or the line of a kite, or snagging an ''Anchor''. The snagging can occur in any medium, air, water, or even vacuum of outer space, as in orbit. The object whose motion is resisted (as an ''Anchor'' is the subject of this Event. This is a subtype of both ''ResistingMotion'' and ''Connecting'' the snagging and the snagged object together do the 'Connecting' and the stationary object does the ''ResistingMotion''. The subject of this Event has its motion resisted. @ToDo: This could be elaborated further by specifying the roles. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'snag' in Wordnet: 1. (2) snag - (catch on a snag; 'I snagged my stocking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connecting, :ResistingMotion . :BecomingStable :wnsense "stabilise2v", "stabilize3v" ; :wordnet "stabilise", "stabilize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingStable'' is the intransitive Event in which some Object or Event or Attribute that is ''Unstable'' (or unsteady) becomes ''Stable''. This may be caused by a ''Stabilizing'' Action or may be spontaneous. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'stabilize' in WordNet: 3. stabilize, stabilise - (become stable or more stable; 'The economy stabilized') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stable ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stabilizing ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :BecomingStronger :wnsense "strengthen2v", "strengthening1n" ; :wordnet "strengthen", "strengthening" ; a :ActionType, :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingStronger'' is a ''BecomingEvent'' (an intransitive Event) in which some object(s) become ''Stronger''. This can be caused by an internal processes, or by an external agent. CYC ('StrengtheningEvent'): The collection of events in which something is strengthened. The Object affected does not have to be weak to start with, it only has to get stronger as a result of this Action. Corresponds to verb sense 2 (intransitive) of 'strengthen' in WordNet: 2. (1) strengthen - (gain strength; 'His body strengthened') WN noun 'strengthening': 1. strengthening - (becoming stronger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stronger ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strength ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :BecomingTired :ldoce "tire" ; :wnsense "tire2v" ; :wordnet "tire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some Agent becomes Tired (WEARY), which is a physical Feeling. This final state does not have to be caused by another agent, it may be simply due to natural weariness comin on from staying awake, or it may be due to actions that cause weariness. This 'tired' is not 'tired of (something)' - that sense is represented by 'BecomingTiredOfSomething' and 'BeingTiredOfSomething' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'tire' in WordNet: 2. (3) tire, wear upon, tire out, wear, weary, jade, wear out, outwear, wear down, fag out, fag, fatigue - (exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress; \"We wore ourselves out on this hike\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weariness ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :BecomingTiredOfSomething :ldoce "tire" ; :wnsense "tire1v" ; :wordnet "tire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some Agent becomes 'tired' of some Event that is repeated more than the agent likes. This 'tired' is not for physical weariness, that is represented by 'BecomingTired'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tire' in WordNet: 1. (3) tire, pall, weary, fatigue, jade - (get tired of something or somebody) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingTiredOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :BecomingUnstable :wnsense "destabilise1v", "destabilize1v" ; :wordnet "destabilise", "destabilize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BecomingUnstable'' is the intransitive Event in which some Object or Event or Attribute that is ''Stable'' becomes ''Unstable''. This may be caused by a ''Destabilizing'' Action or may be spontaneous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'destabilize' in WordNet: 1. destabilize, destabilise - (become unstable; 'The economy destabilized rapidly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unstable ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Destabilizing ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :BecomingWeaker :wnsense "weaken2v" ; :wordnet "weaken" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to intransitive verb senses 2 of 'weaken' in WordNet: 2. (2) weaken - (become weaker; 'The prisoner's resistance weakened after seven days') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weaker ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strength ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :Becquerel :en "becquerel", "becquerel of radioactivity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI activity measure. Symbol: Bq. It measures the amount of radioactivity contained in a given sample of matter. It is that quantity of a radioactive element in which there is one atomic disintegration per 'OneSecond'. Becquerel = s^(-1) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeDependentQuantity . :Bed :isNormallyLocatedAt :Bedroom ; :ldoce "bed" ; :wnsense "bed1n" ; :wordnet "bed" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :OpenSidedSupportingObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FurniturePiece' designed to support a person comfortably while lying in a horizonal position; has a flat surface large enough to accommodate a person without any part of the body extending beyond the edge of the flat surface. This is for beds designed to support people while sleeping; for animal beds, a different type would have to be created - not done as of r943: #ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bed' in WordNet: 1. (51) bed - (a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep; 'he sat on the edge of the bed'; 'the room had only a bed and chair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatToppedObject, :FurniturePiece, :Person-SupportingFurniture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bedroom ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :BedCover :guid "bd58d43e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cover" ; :wnsense "cover2n" ; :wordnet "cover" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Covering-Object such as a blanket or quilt that is used on a bed and intended to keep people warm while sleeping. The term 'cover' in this sense is often used in the plural, sometimes even wheen there is only one such object. CYC ('BedCovering'): The collection of stuff that is intended to cover one's bed. This sense for a single object does not include the sheets, but in the phrase 'pull the covers over one's head', the sheets are probably included. SO the plural word form 'covers' is more inclusive than this sense. This sense corresponds to sense 2 of 'cover' in WordNet: 2. (8) blanket, cover - (bedding that keeps a person warm in bed; 'he pulled the covers over his head and went to sleep') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bedcloth, :InsulatingCover, :SheetArtifact, :Surface-Open, :TextileArtifact . :BedFootboard :wnsense "footboard2n" ; :wordnet "footboard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the vertical 'footboard' at the foot end ('bottom') of a ''Bed''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'footboard' in WordNet: 2. footboard - (a vertical board or panel forming the foot of a bedstead) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Panel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bed ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BedLinen :wnsense "bed linen1n" ; :wordnet "bed linen" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BedLinen'' is a ''PieceOfCloth'' that is intended for use as a cover (top or bottom) in a bed (i.e. a ''BedSheet''), or a cover for a pillow. It is usually thin, commonly made of cotton, linen, or sometimes silk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bed linen' in WordNet: 1. (1) bed linen - (linen or cotton articles for a bed (as sheets and pillowcases)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfCloth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :BedSheet :guid "bd58af78-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bed sheet1n", "sheet3n" ; :wordnet "bed sheet", "sheet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BedSheet' is a sheet of cloth that is intended for use as a cover (top or bottom) in a bed. It is usually thin, commonly made of cotton, linen, or sometimes silk. CYC; The removable piece of cloth which covers a mattress. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bed sheet' in WordNet: 1. sheet, bed sheet - (bed linen consisting of a large rectangular piece of cotton or linen cloth; used in pairs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BedLinen, :Bedcloth, :PieceOfCloth, :TextileArtifact . :BedSpread :guid "bd58d3f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bed cover1n", "bed covering1n", "bedcover1n", "bedspread1n", "counterpane1n", "spread9n" ; :wordnet "bed cover", "bed covering", "bedcover", "bedspread", "counterpane", "spread" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bedspread' in WordNet: 1. bedspread, bedcover, bed cover, bed covering, counterpane, spread - (decorative cover for a bed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BedCover, :TextileArtifact . :Bedcloth :en "bed cloth" ; :guid "bd58d43e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bed clothing1n", "bedclothes1n", "bedding1n" ; :wordnet "bed clothing", "bedclothes", "bedding" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'BedCovering': The collection of stuff that is intended to cover one's bed. NOTE: this type is a single sheet, not the collective; thus the singular label rather than the WN 'bedclothes'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bedclothes' in WordNet: 1. bedclothes, bed clothing, bedding - (coverings that are used on a bed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ClothCovering, :DurableGood, :FreeSheet, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :Surface-Open, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cloth ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :BeddingDown :en "get into bed", "getting into bed" ; :wnsense "bed down1v", "bunk down1v" ; :wordnet "bed down", "bunk down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeddingDown'' is the final phase of 'GoingToBed', when one actually gets into a''Bed'' or some other place to actually sleep. This is not necessarily at one's usual ''Bedtime''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bed down' in WordNet: 1. (1) bed down, bunk down - (go to bed; 'We bedded down at midnight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingAwake ; owl:onProperty :hasPrecondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoingToBed ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Bedridden :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingBedridden ; :wnsense "bedfast1adj", "bedrid1adj", "bedridden1adj", "sick-abed1adj" ; :wordnet "bedfast", "bedrid", "bedridden", "sick-abed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Meaning depends on the link to ''BeingBedridden'' with its consequences. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bedridden' in Wordnet: 1. bedfast, bedridden, bedrid, sick-abed - (confined to bed (by illness)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sick . :Bedroom :guid "bd58d0a9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bedchamber1n", "bedroom1n" ; :wordnet "bedchamber", "bedroom" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Room intended primarily for sleeping. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bedroom' in WordNet: 1. (22) bedroom, sleeping room, chamber, bedchamber - (a room used primarily for sleeping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bed ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicObject ] . :Bedside :wnsense "bedside1n" ; :wordnet "bedside" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bedside' in WordNet: 1. (1) bedside - (space by the side of a bed (especially the bed of a sick or dying person); 'the doctor stood at her bedside') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndoorLocation, :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bed ; owl:onProperty :isAlongside ] . :BedsideStand :wnsense "stand4n" ; :wordnet "stand" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BedsideStand'' is a small 'stand' that is used next to a ''Bed'' to hold any objects the user wants conveniently located. Corresponds most closely to but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'stand' in WordNet: 4. (2) stand - (a small table for holding articles of various kinds; 'a bedside stand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Table-Furniture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bed ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bed ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bedside ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Bedtime :wnsense "bedtime1n" ; :wordnet "bedtime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Bedtime'' is the ''TimeOfDay'' at which some person (or Group of persons) usually goes or intends to go to bed to sleep. This is commonly used for the time assigned by parents for children to go to bed. Usually but not always at night. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bedtime' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bedtime - (the time you go to bed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoingToBed ; owl:onProperty :commonlyHasEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NightTime ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :Bee :guid "bd59072d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bee" ; :wnsense "bee1n" ; :wordnet "bee" ; a :ArthropodType, :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of insects known as bees. SUMO: A hairy Insect, some species of which produce honey and/or sting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bee' in WordNet: 1. (20) bee - (any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HymenopteranOrder, :VenomousAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stinger ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfacePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stinger ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :BeeSting :wnsense "bee sting1n" ; :wordnet "bee sting" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BeeSting'' is a ''Bite'' (a wound on the skin) of a ''Bee'', Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bee sting' in WordNet: 1. bee sting - (a sting inflicted by a bee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArthropodBite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bee ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :BeechOrder :guid "bd58f53a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :BeechTree :guid "bd58a511-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beech tree1n", "beech1n" ; :wordnet "beech", "beech tree" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beech tree' in WordNet: 1. (2) beech, beech tree - (any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeechOrder, :Tree . :BeechWood :wnsense "beech2n", "beechwood1n" ; :wordnet "beech", "beechwood" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance Beech or ''beechWood' ,a type of Wood, not a tree. For the tree, use ''BeechTree''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beechwood' in WordNet: 1. beech, beechwood - (wood of any of various beech trees; used for flooring and containers and plywood and tool handles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeechTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Beef :guid "bd59028f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beef2n" ; :wordnet "beef" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Meat from domestic cattle. SUMO: Meat that was originally part of a Cow. (or bull?). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beef' in WordNet: 2. (3) beef, boeuf - (meat from an adult domestic bovine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticCattle ; owl:onProperty :isTheMeatOf ] . :Beefsteak :wnsense "beefsteak1n" ; :wordnet "beefsteak" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Beefsteak'' is a ''Steak'' consisting of beef. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beefsteak' in WordNet: 1. beefsteak - (a slice of beef usually cooked by broiling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Steak, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beef ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :Beefy :wnsense "beefy1adj", "buirdly1adj", "burly1adj", "husky1adj", "strapping1adj" ; :wordnet "beefy", "buirdly", "burly", "husky", "strapping" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Beefy'' is a subattribute of ''Brawny'' specifically characterizing People who are heavier than most people in addition to having large developed muscles. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'beefy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) beefy, burly, husky, strapping, buirdly - (muscular and heavily built; 'a beefy wrestler'; 'had a tall burly frame'; 'clothing sizes for husky boys'; 'a strapping boy of eighteen'; 'buirdly' is a Scottish term') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brawny, :Heavy . :Beehive :guid "bd58a6f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beehive2n", "hive3n" ; :wordnet "beehive", "hive" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Nest created by some Bees. The place where the 'queen' lives and produces offspring. One type of freestanding ''Beehive'' has an inverted conical shape with a rounded top having several horizontal rings along the side, and is an easily recognizable image. Some women weer their hair in that style. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beehive' in WordNet: 2. beehive, hive - (a structure that provides a natural habitation for bees; as in a hollow tree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NestForBees . :Beep :guid "bd58a163-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beep1n", "bleep1n" ; :wordnet "beep", "bleep" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: ('AudioBeep') An audible 'beep' sound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beep' in WordNet: 1. beep, bleep - (a short high tone produced as a signal or warning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Beeping :eng "beeping" ; :wnsense "beep1v" ; :wordnet "beep" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Beeping'' is an Event in which a ''Beep'' sound is emitted by some object. This is the high-pitched 'beep' commonly made by electronic devices. The 'beep' of a vehicle's horn is represented as ''Honking'',. No exact synset match in WN. The closest is a part of 'beep' verb sense 1, but that is closer to ''Honking'' in COSMO. In Wordnet: 1. honk, blare, beep, claxon, toot - (make a loud noise; 'The horns of the taxis blared') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beep ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Beer :guid "bd58d1a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "beer" ; :wnsense "beer1n" ; :wordnet "beer" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An AlcoholicBeverage that is prepared by fermenting malt and hops. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beer' in WordNet: 1. (23) beer - (a general name for alcoholic beverages made by fermenting a cereal (or mixture of cereals) flavored with hops) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlcoholicBeverage, :CarbonatedBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fermented ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BeerCan :guid "c845f480-82d6-11d6-8000-0002b34b8539" ; :wnsense "beer can1n" ; :wordnet "beer can" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$DrinkingCan. Each instance of #$SodaCan is a can in which beer is contained and sometimes drunk from. Usually can be opened by pulling on a tab which moves or removes a porion of the flat top. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beer can' in WordNet: 1. beer can - (a can that holds beer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingCan . :Beeswax :wnsense "beeswax1n" ; :wordnet "beeswax" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Beeswax'' is a 'Wax' produced by 'Bee''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beeswax' in WordNet: 1. beeswax - (a yellow to brown wax secreted by honeybees to build honeycombs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wax, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoneyBee ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waxy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Beet :wnsense "beet2n", "beetroot2n" ; :wordnet "beet", "beetroot" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Root'' of a ''BeetPlant'', from which the ''BeetStuff'' is derived. Color: 'red as a beet'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beet' in WordNet: 2. beet, beetroot - (round red root vegetable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, :Root, :VegetableFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeetPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeetRed ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :BeetPlant :guid "bd58e57c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Beta vulgaris1n", "beet1n", "common beet1n" ; :wordnet "Beta vulgaris", "beet", "common beet" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual beet plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beet' in WordNet: 1. beet, common beet, Beta vulgaris - (biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CentrospermaeOrder, :CropPlant, :Vegetable-Plant . :BeetRed :en "beet red", "deep red" ; :isTheColorOf :Beet ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeetRed'' is a deep red - the color of a beet. How to say 'deep' color? saturation level?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DarkRed-Color . :BeetStuff :guid "c1008894-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "CYC : ('Beet-Foodstuff'): Foodstuff from the edible root of the beet plant." ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :RedSubstance, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beet ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Beethoven4D :hadMainParticipant :LudwigVanBeethoven ; a :Object4D . :BeethovensBirthDay :isCelebratedOn :December16th ; :isanAnniversaryOf :TheBirthOfBeethoven ; a :BirthDay ; rdfs:comment """Beethoven was baptized on the 17th december, 1770, and is probably born the the 16th of december, 1770. From: http://www.lvbeethoven.com/Curiosites/HappyBirthday.html.""" . :BeethovensMother :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; a :DeadPerson, :FemaleAnimal, :FemalePerson . :Beetle :guid "bd58bc72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beetle1n" ; :wordnet "beetle" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beetle' in WordNet: 1. (1) beetle - (insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect . :Beforehand :wnsense "ahead4adv", "beforehand1adv", "in advance1adv" ; :wordnet "ahead", "beforehand", "in advance" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Beforehand'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses modifies a predicate phrase to make the sentence containing that phrase an assertion contingent on the timing of the predicate in that phrase Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'beforehand' in WordNet: 1. ahead, in advance, beforehand - (ahead of time; in anticipation; 'when you pay ahead (or in advance) you receive a discount'; 'We like to plan ahead'; 'should have made reservations beforehand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Befriending :wnsense "befriend1v" ; :wordnet "befriend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Befriending'' is a ''BindingToAnotherPerson'' Action that produces a Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'befriend' in WordNet: 1. (1) befriend - (become friends with; 'John and Eric soon became friends'; 'Have you made friends yet in your new environment?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BindingToAnotherPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Friendship ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Beggar :wnsense "beggar1n" ; :wordnet "beggar" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pauper'' who lives (gets money or food) by begging rather than working. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beggar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) beggar, mendicant - (a pauper who lives by begging) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pauper . :Begging :en "begging" ; :ldoce "beg" ; :wnsense "beg1v", "beg2v", "beg3v", "implore1v", "pray2v", "solicit1v", "tap12v" ; :wordnet "beg", "implore", "pray", "solicit", "tap" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pleading that is performed wih a sense of superior position of the person to whom the request is made, and with a desire that the request be performed as a gift, rather than as a right or moral duty. Corresponds to all 3 verb senses of 'beg' in WordNet: 1. (11) beg, implore, pray - (call upon in supplication; entreat; 'I beg you to stop!') 2. (5) solicit, beg, tap - (make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently; 'Henry IV solicited the Pope for a divorce'; 'My neighbor keeps soliciting money for different charities') 3. (2) beg - (ask to obtain free; 'beg money and food') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pleading . :BeginPointOf a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The beginning time point of a TimeInterval. The TimeInterval does not have to be reified, but may be indicated within the name of the TimePoint by using a standard TimeInterval format such as the DTEG. Thus the beginning point 'BeginPointOf20010911Z-5' would be the first time point of Sept. 11, 2001, i.e. midnight on 9-11-01. Note that the begin point is the same regardless of whether one uses open or closed time intervals. If time intervals are represented as open, the begin and end points will not in fact be contained within the interval itself.""" . :BeginPointOf1626 a :TimePoint . :BeginPointOf20070715Z-5 a :TimePoint . :BeginPointOf20081004Z-5 a :TimePoint . :BeginningOfAnEvent :ldoce "origin", "start" ; :wnsense "beginning1n", "inception1n", "oncoming1n", "onset1n", "origin3n", "origination1n", "start1n" ; :wordnet "beginning", "inception", "oncoming", "onset", "origin", "origination", "start" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each BeginningOfAnEvent is the first temporal part of some Event (which could be as general as 'existing'). Each such part (which is not necessarily unique, since the 'end of the beginning' may be chosen somewhat arbitrarily) will satisfy the relation {?START starts ?WholeEvent}. NOTE: noun sense 1 of 'origin' in WordNet conflates several distinguishable types of 'origin'; this is only one. For the origin of a river, use 'BeginningOfCordLikeObject'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beginning' and part of senses 1 and 2 of 'origin' and noun sense 1 of 'start' and sense 1 of 'onset' in WordNet: WN 'beginning' 1. (18) beginning - (the event consisting of the start of something; 'the beginning of the war') WN 'origin': 3. (1) origin, origination, inception - (an event that is a beginning; a first part or stage of subsequent events) WN 'start': 1. (11) start - (the beginning of anything; 'it was off to a good start') WN noun 'onset': 1. (42) onset, oncoming - (the beginning or early stages; 'the onset of pneumonia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :BeginningOfCordlikeObject :ldoce "origin" ; :wnsense "origin1n" ; :wordnet "origin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BeginningOfCordlikeObject' is one of the two 'EndOfCordlikeObject's that is considered as the 'beginning' for long and thin objects that are asymmetrical. This can be used, for example, for the beginning of a river, or of a polynucleotide chain, or of a path, where the 'beginning; and 'end; are assigned conventionally. NOTE: noun sense 1 of 'origin' in WordNet conflates several distinguishable types of 'origin'; this is only one. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'origin' in WordNet (the beginning of a river): in WordNet: 1. (11) beginning, origin, root, rootage, source - (the place where something begins, where it springs into being; 'the Italian beginning of the Renaissance'; 'Jupiter was the origin of the radiation'; 'Pittsburgh is the source of the Ohio River'; 'communism's Russian root') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndOfCordlikeObject . :BeginningOfTime :hasEndingTimePoint :BeginningOfTime ; :hasStartingTimePoint :BeginningOfTime ; a :TimePoint . :BeginningToEndingTime :en "beginning to ending time", "time in existence" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BeginningToEndingTime'' is a TimeInterval that is the period of Time during which some entity (physical or abstract) existed, or, in the case where the thing still exists, the ending time can be specified as ''Now'. @mod61c added """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeInterval ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingTimePoint ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeInterval ] . :Begonia :guid "bd58a828-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "begonia1n" ; :wordnet "begonia" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Flowering plant commonly used in USA for landscaping gardens. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'begonia' in WordNet: 1. begonia - (any of numerous plants of the genus Begonia grown for their attractive glossy asymmetrical leaves and colorful flowers in usually terminal cymes or racemes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BegoniaOrder, :FloweringPlant . :BegoniaOrder :en "Begonia order" ; :guid "bd58815a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :Behavior :ldoce "behave", "behavior" ; :wnsense "acquit2v", "act2v", "bear10v", "behave1v", "behave2v", "behavior1n", "behavior3n", "behaviour2n", "behaviour4n", "carry13v", "comport2v", "conduct1n", "conduct2n", "conduct3v", "demeanor1n", "demeanour1n", "deport1v", "deportment1n", "do9v", "doings1n" ; :wordnet "acquit", "act", "bear", "behave", "behavior", "behaviour", "carry", "comport", "conduct", "demeanor", "demeanour", "deport", "deportment", "do", "doings" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Behavior is a manner of AnimalActivity that has acquired some word to characterize its pattern; it may be performed once or may be repeated at more or less frequent intervals, by an individual. Behaviors that an individual animal repeats sufficiently often that it can be considered a pattern characteristic of the animal would be subtypes such as 'Habit' or 'Practice'. Includes verb sense 1 and 2 of 'behave' and noun senses 1 and 3 of 'behavior' in WordNet: 1. (20) act, behave, do - (behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself; 'You should act like an adult'; 'Don't behave like a fool'; 'What makes her do this way?'; 'The dog acts ferocious, but he is really afraid of people') 2. (4) behave, acquit, bear, deport, conduct, comport, carry - (behave in a certain manner; 'She carried herself well'; 'he bore himself with dignity'; 'They conducted themselves well during these difficult times') WN noun 'behavior': 1. (30) behavior, behaviour, conduct, doings - (manner of acting or controlling yourself) 3. (8) demeanor, demeanour, behavior, behaviour, conduct, deportment -- ((behavioral attributes) the way a person behaves toward other people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :PurposefulAction . :BehaviorAttribute a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'BehaviorAttribute' is an attribute that characterizes some form of behavior. The attribute may be manifested in as few as one incident, and is not necessarly a 'PersonTraitValue', which is a subtype of BehaviorAttribute that is exhibited in multiple actions. NOTE that a subtype of ''BehaviorAttribute'' can also be a subtype of ''FeelingAttribute''; e.g. ''Bold'' can be a Feeling (one can feel bold), or it can be a behavior attribute that inlines one to bold actions. There may be a distinction, but that has not been formalized as of rev 1195. **?? Can a Capability be a 'BehaviorAttribute' and a 'PersonTraitValue' at the same time? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonTraitValue . :BehaviorPreference :ldoce "fashion" ; :wnsense "fashion3n" ; :wordnet "fashion" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BehaviorPreference' is a Choice of behavior of some Person or Group, from among possible behaviors. This is not the same as a Rule, for which violation will have negative consequences, The consequences for violating a community Preference may be nonexistent or trivial. Dictates of Fashion are common subtypes of BehaviorPreference. NOTE: this needs to be related to some type of Behavior that is the Execution of this type of preference. ''Preference' is a subtype of ''Desire''. This is categorized as a choice of behavior, but the 'Behavior' may refer to what kinds of objects that a person wears or uses or keeps in the home. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fashion' in WordNet: 3. (2) fashion - (the latest and most admired style in clothes and cosmetics and behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :BehaviorTowardOthers a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BehaviorTowardOthers'' is a broad category of human actions that are directed in some manner toward other animals, used especially of behavior toward humans (individual or as a group). This involves more than just mental processes, it also requires some form of physical activity. Examples would be 'CruelAct', 'kindness', 'helping others' or 'discrimination', or 'insulting someone'. Many ''SocialOccurrence''s or ''SocialInteraction''s would include an action in this category, but this type represents the action of a single indvidual or group *toward* another agent or group, rather than the aggregate of interactions that may occur when groups get together, There may be specific subtypes of this type that do not fall into either of those 'social' categories. This type of behavior 'isDirectedToward' people, but though it requires some physical action, it need not have a direct effect on the agent(s) toward which it is directed. For example, insulting someone may not have any perceptible effect on the one insulted. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Behavior, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :GroupOfAnimals :AnimalType :GroupType ) ] ] . :Behavioral :pertainsTo :Behavior, :BehaviorAttribute, :BehavioralManner ; :wnsense "behavioral1adj", "behavioural1adj" ; :wordnet "behavioral", "behavioural" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Behavioral'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any ''Behavior'' or some closely related or associated aspects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'behavioral' in WordNet: 1. (1) behavioral, behavioural - (of or relating to behavior; 'behavioral sciences') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BehavioralDisposition :wnsense "disposition3n", "inclination1n", "tendency1n" ; :wordnet "disposition", "inclination", "tendency" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BehavioralDisposition is PersistentState of a 'IntentionalAgent' that manifests itself in a type of conscious behavior that occurs frequently under certain circumstances. This is a PersistentState, not an AttributeValue. See also ''Tendency'' for a closely related type that is a Trait. Relation?? The notion of 'Tendency' for objects to behave in certain ways that do not involve conscious decisions is represented as the AttributeValue 'Tendency'.and its subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disposition' in WordNet: 3. inclination, disposition, tendency - (an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others; 'he had an inclination to give up too easily'; 'a tendency to be too strict') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalState, :MentalSituation-SingleSubject, :MentalState . :BehavioralManner :ldoce "manner", "style" ; :wnsense "fashion1n", "manner1n", "manner2n", "mode1n", "style2n", "style4n", "way1n" ; :wordnet "fashion", "manner", "mode", "style", "way" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BehavioralManner' is a ''Manner'' that that characterizes a way of acting of animals (mostly people). The Action of behaving in a particuar way itself may be categorized as a subtype of 'MannerOfBehavior', which is a Behavior (an Action), not an AttributeValue. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'style' in RHW: 2. a particular, distinctive, or characteristic mode of action or manner of acting: They do these things in a grand style. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'manner' and sense 1 of 'mode' in WordNet, however, sense 4 of 'Style' is also a subtype represented as 'StylishManner'. in WordNet: 2. (17) manner, personal manner - (a way of acting or behaving) WN noun 'mode': 1. (13) manner, mode, style, way, fashion - (how something is done or how it happens; 'her dignified manner'; 'his rapid manner of talking'; 'their nomadic mode of existence'; 'in the characteristic New York style'; 'a lonely way of life'; 'in an abrasive fashion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Daintily ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ] . :BehavioralStreak :wnsense "streak2n" ; :wordnet "streak" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BehavioralStreak'' is any of several traits that impel a person to act frequently in unusual and possibly unwise manner, and may be referred to as a 'streak'. The more specific subtypes may relate to specific attributes. One common 'streak' is the subtype ''StubbornStreak''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'streak' in WordNet: 2. (1) streak - (a distinctive characteristic; 'he has a stubborn streak'; 'a streak of wildness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :BehavioralTic :en "tic" ; :enn "tic" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BehavioralTic'' is a ''BehavioralDisposition'' that predisposes a Person to perform some kind of visible Action - often Speaking, but can also be some ''BodyMovementEvent''. The type of Action that this predisposes to is broad and vague - perhaps there should be a class for 'unusual behavior'?? No WN sense for this. RHW 'tic': 2. a persistent or recurrent behavioral trait; personal quirk: her distinctive verbal tics. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehavioralDisposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Beheading :eng "decapitating" ; :wnsense "behead1v", "beheading1n", "beheading2n", "decapitate1v", "decapitation1n", "decapitation2n", "decollate1v" ; :wordnet "behead", "beheading", "decapitate", "decapitation", "decollate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Beheading''is a ''KillingaPerson'' by cutting off that Person's head. This can be a ''Execution-Judicial'' or a Murder, or possibly an acccident. This includes all subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'behead' in WordNet: 1. (1) decapitate, behead, decollate - (cut the head of; 'the French King was beheaded during the Revolution') WN noun 'decapitation': 1. decapitation, beheading - (execution by cutting off the victim's head) 2. decapitation, beheading - (killing by cutting off the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KillingaPerson . :BehindInaCompetition :CYC "Losing" ; :en "losing" ; :guid "be18ece5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "behind1adj" ; :wordnet "behind" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BehindInaCompetition' is an attribute of some agent who is in some kind of competition (very broadly defined), and is 'behind' (losing) versus one or more other competitors. Being behind is 'Bad' from the perspective of the one who is behind. CYC 'Losing': A collection of collections. Each instance of #$Losing is a collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that are in a losing position in some conflict event. When a participant is losing it generally means that there is no advantage held over the opponent(s) in the conflict, even if the lack of advantage is only temporary. Instances of this collection will usually be functionally denoted using #$LosingFn. For instance, (#$LosingFn WAR) denotes the collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that were in a losing position throughout WAR. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'behind' in Wordnet: 1. (1) behind - (having the lower score or lagging position in a contest; 'behind by two points'; 'the 8th inning found the home team trailing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Behindhand :wnsense "behind1adv", "behindhand1adv", "in arrears1adv" ; :wordnet "behind", "behindhand", "in arrears" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Behindhand'' is an AdverbialModifier that a sentence to asser that the subject is late in making some payment(s). Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'behindhand' in WordNet: 1. behind, behindhand, in arrears - (in debt; 'he fell behind with his mortgage payments'; 'a month behind in the rent'; 'a company that has been run behindhand for years'; 'in arrears with their utility bills') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :BeigeColor :guid "b5e3c4b4-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "beige1adj" ; :wordnet "beige" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color beige, used as an attribute (adjective). See also ''Ecru'' for the color value that is a noun. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'beige' in Wordnet: 1. beige - (of a light greyish-brown color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :BeingAbsent a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingAbsent'' is a state that is an ''Absence'' of a Person from some place where that Person should be or is expected to be, for some TimeInterval. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Absentee ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlaceOfAbsence ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :BeingAbundant :eng "abounding" ; :wnsense "abound1v" ; :wordnet "abound" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingAbundant'' is a specialization of ''Existence'' that characterizes a Group of Objects that is more numerous than some reference objects (implied or explicit). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'abound' in WordNet: 1. (2) abound - (be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Existence, :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObjectGroup ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abounding ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingAnEquivalent :wnsense "correspond4v", "represent1v", "stand for3v" ; :wordnet "correspond", "represent", "stand for" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingAnEquivalent'' is an ''Action'' performed by some ''Sign'', Abstract or Physical, that serves as an 'equivalent' in some sense to another thing. This can refer to linguistic or non-linguistic ''Signs''. 'canServeInRole' NOTE there are several ObjectProperties providing a means to express this kind of 'equivalence', including ''isaPhysicalRepresentationOf'', ''isAnAbstractRepresentationOf'', and ''hasPhysicalReresentation''. The arguments of those properties need not be asserted as instances of this type. @ToDo: there may be more detail that can relate all these elements. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'represent' in WordNet: 1. (39) represent, stand for, correspond - (take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to; 'Because of the sound changes in the course of history, an 'h' in Greek stands for an 's' in Latin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sign ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Representation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BeingAwake :ldoce "wake" ; :wnsense "wake1v" ; :wordnet "wake" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """BeingAwake is a PersistentEvent when an animal is Alive and neither Asleep nor Unconscious. An animal cannot be BeingAwake and 'Sleeping' at the same time. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wake' in WordNet: 1. (7) wake - (be awake, be alert, be there) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, :NormalOrganismCondition, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WakingUpFromSleep ; owl:onProperty :hasPrecondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Awake ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Awake ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :SleepingEvent . :BeingAware :wnsense "beware1v" ; :wordnet "beware" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingAware'' is ''WatchingForTrouble'' in which some Person intentionally maintains an awareness of objects and actions in his/her immediate environs, usually due to some more-than-negligible expectation of trouble occurring in some form. One may 'beware' of some specific thing or type of thing, or of multiple things of different types. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'beware' in WordNet: 1. (2) beware, mind - (be on one's guard; be cautious or wary about; be alert to; 'Beware of telephone salesmen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WatchingForTrouble, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :BeingBalanced :en "being balanced" ; :enn "being balanced" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicallyBalanced ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingBedridden :en "being bedridden" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingBedridden'' is a state performed by people who are so sick they are unable to walk under their own power.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bedridden ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bed ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :BeingBetweenObjects a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingBetweenObjects'' is a type of 'Presence' in which the location of the ''ThingPresent'' is directly between two other PhysicalObjects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Presence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ] . :BeingBusy :wnsense "busy1v", "occupy2" ; :wordnet "busy", "occupy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingBusy'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which some person is ''Busy'' doing something that 'occupies' his/her time and attention. This is general, covering all degrees of time and depth of attention, but at a minimum when one is ''BeingBusy'' it will be more difficult to break away to atend to other tasks. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'occupy' in WordNet: 2. (8) busy, occupy - (keep busy with; 'She busies herself with her butterfly collection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Busy ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :BeingCirculated :en "being circulated", "is in circulation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingCirculated'' is a state in which something has been circulated (''commmunicated'') by one agent (which could be an automaton) to more than one other agent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circulated ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disseminating ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :BeingClashing :wnsense "clash1v", "collide2v", "jar1v" ; :wordnet "clash", "collide", "jar" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingClashing'' is a subype of ''BeingConflicting'' in which two or more entities put together produce and unpleasant or unharmonius effect on a Person perceiving those things together. This contrasts with ''GoiggWellTogether'' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'clash' in WordNet: 2. clash, jar, collide - (be incompatible; be or come into conflict; 'These colors clash') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingConflicting . :BeingConflicting :wnsense "conflict1v" ; :wordnet "conflict" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingConflicting'' is a subype of ''BeingContrasting'' in which two entities put together interfere in some way with a useful or beneficial or desirable effect that one or the other has. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'conflict' in WordNet: 1. (2) conflict - (be in conflict; 'The two proposals conflict!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingContrasting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contrasting ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingConforming :wnsense "conform1v" ; :wordnet "conform" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingConforming'' is a subype of ''GoingWellTogether'' for a Group of assertions whose apparent implications (not necessarily derived by formal logic) do *not* result in a ''Logical contradiction'. Corresponds only approximately to verb sense 1 of 'conform' in WordNet: 1. (2) conform - (be similar, be in line with) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoingWellTogether, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conforming ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssertionGroup ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BeingContradictory :wnsense "belie1v", "contradict1v", "contradict4v", "negate1v", "negate3v" ; :wordnet "belie", "contradict", "negate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingContradictory'' is a subype of ''BeingConflicting'' for a Group of assertions whose logical implications result in a ''Logical contradiction'. This is a subtype of 'proving' because contradictory assertions or data prove the contradicted assertion to be false. NOTE: the WN gloss seems to refer to one item ;contradicting' another, whereas this type expresses the notion that a Group of 'assertions' are logically contradictory when put together. NOTE that a 'logical contradiction' may often occur only when a *series* of inferences are produced from multiple assertions, so though one asertion may directly contradict another this represents the more general case where some conbination of two **or more** assertions leads to a logical contradiction. Includes verb senses 1 and 4 of 'contradict' in WordNet: 1. (6) contradict, belie, negate - (be in contradiction with) 4. negate, contradict - (prove negative; show to be false) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingContrasting, :Proving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LogicallyContradictory ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssertionGroup ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BeingContrasting :wnsense "contrast2v", "counterpoint1v" ; :wordnet "contrast", "counterpoint" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a ''BeingContrasting'' is a subype of ''BeingDifferent'' in which a Group of (usually) two or more items not only differ in some characteristic(s), but their differing properties contrast with each other. This is for use with ''Group''s. To assert that members of a group larger than two all differ, it would be necessary to assert the differences pairwise. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contrast' in WordNet: 2. (3) contrast, counterpoint - (to show differences when compared; be different; 'the students contrast considerably in their artistic abilities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contrasting ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingCrossEyed :en "crossed eyes" ; :wnsense "convergent strabismus1n", "cross-eye1n", "crossed eye1n", "esotropia1n" ; :wordnet "convergent strabismus", "cross-eye", "crossed eye", "esotropia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingCrossEyed'' is a ''AbnormalBodyCondition'' in which the eyes of an orgnism with binocular vision is impeded by the tendency of the two eyes to fail to focus on the same object - called techincally 'convergent strabismus'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convergent strabismus' in WordNet: 1. cross-eye, crossed eye, convergent strabismus, esotropia - (strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DysfunctionalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrossEyed ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingCrowded :en "being crowded" ; :enn "being crowded" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingCrowded'' is a specialization of ''HavingPeopleInside'' that can be used to express the notion that there is a ''CrowdOfPeople'' present in that location - if inside, little room to move around; if outside, nearly filling a large are. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :HavingPeopleInside, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrowdOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrowdOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crowded ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingDead :en "being dead" ; :wnsense "death5n" ; :wordnet "death" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The state performed by some LifeForm after it dies (experiences ''Death''). The state of ''BeingDead'' is not usually of interest - the Events of a life prior or the experence of dying are of more general interest. But when someone checks ''VitalSign''s, this is one of the conditions that may be indicated. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'death' in WordNet: 5. (36) death - (the absence of life or state of being dead; 'he seemed more content in death than he had ever been in life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Experience, :PersistentState, :PersistingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LifeForm ] . :BeingDifferent :en "differing" ; :wnsense "differ1v" ; :wordnet "differ" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a ''BeingDifferent'' is a PersistentState in which two items differ in some characteristic(s). This is for use with ''OrderedPair''s to allow specification of differences. To assert that members of a group larger than two all differ, it would be necessary to assert the differences pairwise. see also relations ''subjectsHaveDifference'' and ''haveNumericalDifference''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'differ' in WordNet: 1. (28) differ - (be different; 'These two tests differ in only one respect') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrderedPair ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Different ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingEmployed :en "be employed", "have a job" ; :eng "being employeding", "having a job" ; :env "be employed", "have a job" ; :wnsense "do work1v", "work2v" ; :wordnet "do work", "work" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingEmployed'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which some Person has the ''Employed'' attribute (performs some 'job' in some ''EmploymentPosition''). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'work' in WordNet: 2. (62) work, do work - (be employed; 'Is your husband working again?'; 'My wife never worked'; 'Do you want to work after the age of 60?'; 'She never did any work because she inherited a lot of money'; 'She works as a waitress to put herself through college') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Employed ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Employee ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssumingaPosition ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingEvent ] . :BeingEngaged :en "being engaged" ; :wnsense "betrothal1n", "engagement3n", "troth1n" ; :wordnet "betrothal", "engagement", "troth" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState of having an Agreement to marry; The agreement is represented by ''Engagement''. This state is initiated by the act of ''GettingEngaged''. NOTE: the agreement represented by ''Engagement'' and the state of ''BeingEngaged'' are an Object and State, respectively, closely related but that relation is not yet (Rev1303) formalized. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'engagement' in WordNet: 3. (2) betrothal, troth, engagement - (a mutual promise to marry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAgreement . :BeingEntertained a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which a Person is entertained - either by others, or by him/herself. Corresponds to noun sense 1 (the only sense) of 'entertainment' in WordNet: 1. (6) entertainment, amusement - (an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action . :BeingEsteemed :en "being esteemed" ; :wnsense "esteem1n", "regard5n", "respect2n" ; :wordnet "esteem", "regard", "respect" ; a :ActionType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingEsteemed'' is a state in which some other People have a Feeling of ''Esteem''for the subject of this state. This is a deeper level of respect' than parent ''BeingRespected''. NOTE that ''BeingEsteemed'' does not necessarily mean that all or even most people have 'Esteem'' for the subject. Subtypes could express different levels. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'esteem' in WordNet: 1. (2) esteem, regard, respect - (the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded); 'it is held in esteem'; 'a man who has earned high regard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingRespected, :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Esteemed ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EsteemingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :BeingExtinct :wnsense "defunctness1n", "extinction1n" ; :wordnet "defunctness", "extinction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingExtinct'' is a ' ''PersistentState'' that is performed by a ''\"BiologicalSpecies'' that has suffered from ''Extinction''. NOTE: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extinction' in WordNet: 1. (2) extinction, defunctness - (no longer in existence; 'the extinction of a species') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Species ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extinct ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingFinite :en "being finite" ; :enn "being finite" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingFinite'' is the state of something with a finite magnitude. This can apply to abstract numbers or to PhysicalObjects or Events for which the magnitude (or length of time) is a salient property. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finite ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finite ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingFlooded :en "being flooded" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingFlooded'' is a specialization of ''HavingSomethingInside'' that can be used to express the notion that there is some quantity of ''Water'' inside the object in this state, where the Water is not confined to a container, and is in places (such as on the floor or bottom of the object) where it would normally do damage. A place may be flooded intentionally as a eans of cleaning out something, but sually this is an undesirable situation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomethingInside, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flooded ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingFractured :en "bone fracture", "broken bone", "fractured bone" ; :guid "c0fd6ad7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "break8n", "fracture1n" ; :wordnet "break", "fracture" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the *condition* of having a broken bone. For the Event causing this condition use ''BreakingaBone''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fracture' in WordNet (note that this is not the action ('breaking') but the condition resulting from the break.: in WordNet: 1. fracture, break - (breaking of hard tissue such as bone; 'it was a nasty fracture'; 'the break seems to have been caused by a fall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InjuryCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreakingaBone ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fractured ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingImpressed :wnsense "impression1n" ; :wordnet "impression" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ''BeingImpressed'' is categorized as a pleasant Feeling, caused by some situation or Event that is ''Impressive''. More detail is needed to distinguish an 'impressive' appearance from the mental 'impression' it causes The closest WN sense contains the sense of 'outward appearance' but this type is solely for the *Feeling* produced by things (Objects or actions) that are ''Impressive''. Includes but is not limited to *part* of noun sense 2 of 'impression' in WordNet: 2. (6) impression, effect - (an outward appearance; 'he made a good impression'; 'I wanted to create an impression of success'; 'she retained that bold effect in her reproductions of the original painting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :Pleasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impressed ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :BeingInControl :en "being in control", "having control" ; :wnsense "ascendance1n", "ascendancy1n", "ascendence1n", "ascendency1n", "control6n", "dominance2n" ; :wordnet "ascendance", "ascendancy", "ascendence", "ascendency", "control", "dominance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingInControl'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) in which the agent 'dominates' other agents in some fashion. This broadly covers Relations on ControllingAnAgent Authority = Role of agent who can control has ControllingAuthority or performs ''BeingInControl'' ''ControllingAuthority'' (authority to control/ SocialPower) = Capability of ''ControllingAnAgent'' Authority performs = ''BeingInControl'' (state/status of having ''ControllingAuthority'' Authority performs = ControllingAnAgent (''Action'' of exercising control over an agent) dominant = ablility to control = capability Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dominance' in WordNet: 2. (3) dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency, control - (the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; 'her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SuperiorStatus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingAuthority ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :BeingInProximity a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BeingInProximity' represents the static situation in which some Object or Substance is near to some Object or Place for some TimeInterval. Being 'near' depends not only on an absolute distance of two things from each other, but on their sizes as well; see 'Nearby' for a discussion. This is only a stub of what a meaningful interpretation would include - @ToDo: to be elaborated. The state of 'BeingInProximity' includes being adjacent, overlapping, or inside of something else, or 'at' a particular location; see the subtype 'Presence'. NOTE: this type should relate to a pair of things, which may be Objects, substances, or Places - the restriction only refers to one of the participants, the subject in a 'isNearTo' relation. @ToDoFOL: should add a place for the second participant, but to do this correctly would require the FOL version. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StaticSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericAgent :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :BeingInaPlace :en "be somewhere", "being somewhere" ; :wnsense "be3v" ; :wordnet "be" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingInaPlace'' is a very general type expressing *where* a thing is. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'be' in WordNet: 3. (921) be - (occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; 'Where is my umbrella?' 'The toolshed is in the back'; 'What is behind this behavior?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PersistingEvent, :Presence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ] . :BeingInaRole :en "being a" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The PersistentState of some entity (the *subject) being in some role, i.e. playing some Role. This is one of the ideas that can be expressed by phrases like '*subject is a'. This is a subtype of ''Action'' because the *subject behaves as an agent who 'does' something. NOTE: this ''PersistentState'' is closely related to COSMO properties (relations) that begin with 'is', as ''isaDramaticRoleOf'' or ''isaGoalOf'' or ''isaKinOf''. Linguistically, such relations may appear as verbal phrases beginning with 'is' (and often ending in 'of'), but logically they can be represented by either a ''PersistentState'' or a relation (owl:property). There should be a logical 'bridging axiom' that can translate either means of expressing the notion into the other. That will have to be postponed until an @FOL version of COSMO is prepared. IN THE CASES where this type is used to express the ''PersistentState'' of having a particular role there may be diverse aspects of playing a Role that cannot easily be captured in only one or two relations. For example, ''BeingaStudent'' could point to the school or tutor doing the teaching,but other roles would need different relations to express the facets of the Role. So this remains (Rev1351) a shell of what the full meaning could be. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ; owl:someValuesFrom :RoleType ] . :BeingInaTrench :en "being entrenched", "being in a trench", "occupying a trench" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingInaTrench'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' where the 'place' is a ''Trench' dug for protection in a ''CombatZone''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Soldier ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Trench ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :CombatZone ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Entrenched-Military ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingIncluded :wnsense "inclusion1n" ; :wordnet "inclusion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingIncluded'' is the state of something that experienced a ''IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate'' action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inclusion' in WordNet: 1. inclusion - (the state of being included) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Included ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Included ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingKilled a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BeingKilled' is a Death that is either an 'AccidentalDeath' or is a Death caused by a 'Killing'. It is disjoint with NaturalDeath. NOTE that any Death that is not a NaturalDeath is a BeingKilled, whether that BeingKilled was caused by accident or natural disaster or other freak cause. NOTE that 'BeingKilled' is not necessarily due to an intentional Killing. This usage is to intuitively accommodate phrases such as 'He was killed in an accident/fire/tornado/earthquake' and any other kind of Death that is not a NaturalDeath. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Death ; owl:disjointWith :NaturalDeath ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeathByKilling :AccidentalDeath ) ] . :BeingLarger a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingLarger'' is the state of being larger than something else. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'largeness' in WordNet: 3. largeness, bigness - (the property of having a relatively great size) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Largeness, :RelativeState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfComparison ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :BeingLeftOver :en "remaining" ; :ldoce "remain" ; :wnsense "remain3v" ; :wordnet "remain" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState in which some Object remains in some location after other parts of a Group or Object have left or been taken away or been consumed, This is used for people who remain in a room after others have left, items of food left unconsumed after a meal, fuel remaining in a tank after some has been used, etc. 'We got home with only two gallons left in the tank'. 'After talking to him there were still questions left.' 'After the party there were still two pies remaining.' NOTE: This differs from the more generic 'NonEvent' in that the thing that remains is part of a larger object or group, part of which no longer remains; For staying in some location use 'RemainingInaLocation', For staying in some state or situation, use 'StayingInaState'. These senses of 'remaining' are not necessarily disjoint, and may describe different views of the same situation. The PersistentState of a person remaining in a room after some others have left is an instance of both BeingLeftOver and 'RemainingInaLocation' and these two types are combined in 'StayingBehind'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 3 of 'remain' and sense 1 of 'stay' in WordNet: 3. (34) remain - (be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc.; 'There remains the question of who pulled the trigger'; 'Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remaining ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :BeingLuminous :en "being luminous" ; :enn "being luminous" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingLuminous'' is a subtype of ''EmittingLight'' in which the degree of luminosity of the source is conspicuous, though not so bright as to strongly illuminate other objects. The full moon is an example where there is some illumination, but not enough to see detail. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingaGlow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightPropagationEvent ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Luminous ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingOneUp :en "being a slightly ahead", "being ahead", "being one-up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being ''OneUp'' is being ''Ahead'' in a Contest by one point or some similar small measure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneUp ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingOutOfMoney :en "being broke", "being out of money" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''OutOfMoney'' state is a form of ''Insolvency'' for an individual ''Person'' who has no available money with which to pay bills. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insolvency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Broke ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Money ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ] . :BeingPennyPinching :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :PennyPinching ; :wnsense "parsimoniousness1n", "parsimony1n", "penny-pinching1n", "thrift2n" ; :wordnet "parsimoniousness", "parsimony", "penny-pinching", "thrift" ; a :CapabilityType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingPennyPinching'' is a type of 'GoodJudgment' in knowing how best to spend money. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penny-pinching' in WordNet: 1. parsimony, parsimoniousness, thrift, penny-pinching - (extreme care in spending money; reluctance to spend money unnecessarily) WN verb 'penny-pinch': 1. (1) penny-pinch, nickel-and-dime - (spend money frugally; spend as little as possible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discreetness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PennyPinching ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :BeingPresent :wnsense "presence6n" ; :wordnet "presence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingPresent'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' used for a ''Person''s who are ''Present-NotAbsent'' at some Location (or at some Event at some Location). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'presence ' in WordNet: 6. presence - (the act of being present) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Present-NotAbsent ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ] . :BeingProminent :wnsense "prominence1n" ; :wordnet "prominence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingProminent'' is the state of something that is ''Prominent'', i.e. very ''Perceptible'' (noticeable) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prominence' in WordNet: 1. (3) prominence - (the state of being prominent: widely known or eminent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceptible ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingQualified :en "being qualified", "have a capability", "having a capability", "meet requirements", "prove capable", "qualifies" ; :eng "qualifying" ; :wnsense "measure up1v", "qualify1v" ; :wordnet "measure up", "qualify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingQualified'' is a ''BeingSuitable'' (a ';PersistentState'') in which something - of any type - meets some specific requirements established by another agent . ''BeingQualified'' makes the agent of that state 'qualified' to participate in some Event. This is also a 'Fulfilling'' in which an Agent 'fulills' some requirement that is necessary for some purpose. This ''Action' is not necessarily result of an attempt to 'qualify', it could be a by-product of some efforts or passive Events that make a Perso qualified, such as meeting the requirements for an award for bravery, or getting a Nobel Prize. This is very broad. For meeting requirements where an Agent has to make some effort in an attempt to reach the level wheres/he is qualified,use ''SatisfyingaRequirement''. Qualified for a Task? use relation ''impliesAgentAttribute''. Not mandatory to specify. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'qualify' in WordNet: 1. (14) qualify, measure up - (prove capable or fit; meet requirements) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingSuitable, :Fulfilling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Qualified ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CapabilityType ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :BeingQuarantined :CYC "Quarantine" ; :wnsense "quarantine1n" ; :wordnet "quarantine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingQuarantined'' is the state of an Animal (including people) that has been isolated from other animals or people, voluntarily or involuntarily, as a temporary measure to prevent the spread of a disease. CYC 'Quarantine': The collection of #$Events during which an individual, or a group, suspected of being contaminated is kept for a determined time isolated in observation to prevent spreading of #$Pathogenic #$Microorganisms in a larger community. The CYC entry gloss is ambiguous between putting someone (or an animal) into quarantine, or the state of being quarantined, but the parent types seem to suggest the state.. This is the state of being in quarantine. The action of putting something into quarantin is represented as ''Quarantining''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quarantine' in WordNet: 1. quarantine - (enforced isolation of patients suffering from a contagious disease in order to prevent the spread of disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Isolation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quarantining ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :BeingReadyForUse a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingReadyForUse'' is a ''BeingSuitable'' (a ';PersistentState'') in which some resource - of any type - is in the proper location and in the proper condition to be used for some purpose.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingSuitable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ready ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :BeingRecognized :wnsense "recognition1n" ; :wordnet "recognition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BeingRecognized' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) in which one or more Persons are known by others to have performed something notably good or bad; BeingRecognized includues being notorious. This is a broad sense, covering the whole range of recognition of the merit of one individual by another individual, to minor awards like 'employee of the month', to a high level of 'Fame' such as achieved by entertainers like the Beatles or scientists like Einstein or rulers like Alexander the Great or Hitler ('Notorious'). @ToDo: perhaps should distinguish among the numbers of people that recognize an individual's achievements? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recognition' in WordNet: 1. (10) recognition, acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged; 'the partners were delighted with the recognition of their work'; 'she seems to avoid much in the way of recognition or acknowledgement of feminist work prior to her own') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Status . :BeingRelated :en "pertaining" ; :eng "pertaining" ; :ldoce "relation" ; :wnsense "bear on1v", "concern1v", "interrelate1v", "pertain1v", "relate2v", "relate4v", "relation1n", "touch on2v", "touch4v" ; :wordnet "bear on", "concern", "interrelate", "pertain", "relate", "relation", "touch", "touch on" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BeingRelated' is a PersistentState in which two or more entities continue in some relation to one another. Every Relation in COSMO specifies some kind of 'being related' in general. but this type is for a more specialized kind of 'being related' that reifies some relation that persists for some interval of time in a form that can be conveniently discussed linguistically. One subtype is the 'Depending' relation, which may take several special forms, such as one person depending on another for financial support, or a contingency in which the occurrence of some Event has another Event as a prerequisite. This state has a Group as its main participant - to use this type, the Group must be specified. The entities that are related form a Group that has the qualitative attribute 'Related'. See 'Related'. Includes verb senses 2 snd 4 of 'relate' and noun sense 1 of 'relation' (but is not restricted to two entities) in WordNet: 2. (9) refer, pertain, relate, concern, come to, bear on, touch, touch on - (have to do with or be relevant to; 'There were lots of questions referring to her talk'; 'My remark pertained to your earlier comments') 4. (4) relate, interrelate - (be in a relationship with; 'How are these two observations related?') WN noun 'relation': 1. (27) relation - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Related ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingRespected :ldoce "respect" ; :wnsense "regard5n", "respect2n" ; :wordnet "regard", "respect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BeingRespected' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) in which a person is the object of the Feeling 'Respect' from another person; there are degrees of respect depending on how many share that feeling. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'respect' in WordNet: 2. (5) esteem, regard, respect - (the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded); 'it is held in esteem'; 'a man who has earned high regard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Respected ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingSuggestiveOfSomething :en "call to mind" ; :env "call to mind" ; :wnsense "reek1v", "smack2v" ; :wordnet "reek", "smack" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingSuggestiveOfSomething'' is having some ''Similarity'' of attribute(s) that remind one of something not explicitly present in the suggestive thing. The terms 'reek' and 'smack' (used with 'of) themselves suggest that the thing thus characterized are considered ''Bad'' by the Person using them in this sense, but that is not necessary to the meaning. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'smack' in WordNet: 2. (1) smack, reek - (have an element suggestive (of something); 'his speeches smacked of racism') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvokingaMemory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Similarity ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :BeingSuitable :wnsense "accommodate1v", "fit1v", "suit1v" ; :wordnet "accommodate", "fit", "suit" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BeingSuitable' is a PersistentState of some Object during which the *subject Object 'suits' or 'is suitable' in some sense for some purpose. See PersistentState ''Fitting'' for objects 'fitting' together. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'suit' in WordNet: 1. (7) suit, accommodate, fit - (be agreeable or acceptable to; 'This suits my needs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suitable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingSupported :en "being supported by something" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which one solid object is supported by another object in a gravitational field; the supporting action prevents the patient from falling to the ground level. This is very broad, and includes the notion of being supported by (floating in) a liquid or being supported by a transportation device while being trasported; see the subtype 'FloatingEvent'. This is a passive sense of 'SupportingSomething'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation, :DualObjectEvent . :BeingSuspected :wnsense "suspicion3n" ; :wordnet "suspicion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingSuspected'' is a state in which the entity in focus has the quality ''Suspected''. This can be used for ideas or Events or people. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'suspicion' in WordNet: 3. suspicion - (the state of being suspected; 'he tried to shield me from suspicion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suspected ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingTiredOfSomething a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BeingTiredOfSomething' is a Feeling arising from some Agent becoming 'tired' of some Event that is repeated more than the agent likes. This 'tired' is not for physical weariness, that is represented by 'Weariness'. This Feeling includes being Jaded, but also a preference not to experience the Even that cause the Feeling. 'BeingTiredOfSomething' is not exactly the same as Boredom, and not the same as Annoyance, but seems to incorporate some components of both Feelings. There is no WordNet synset that seems to cover this sense. If there were an English word, it might be something like 'jadedness', though that captures only a part of this Feeling. Since 'Boredom' can be a part of 'BeingTiredOfSomething', it is set as a subtype: perhaps more nuance needed? 'BeingTiredOfSomething' is a DirectedFeeling, and the tiring thing must be specified; But - does 'Boredom' need no triggering causal events?? Perhaps too frequent repetition of similar things? Can one be bored withuot anything causing the boredom? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :EmotionalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jaded ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :BeingUnderSurveillance :en "under surveillance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingUnderSurveillance'' is a state in which some Person is being closely watched ('surveiled') by some LawEnforcementOrganization. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingWatched, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnderSurveillance ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surveillance ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :BeingUnderneathSomething :wnsense "underlie1v" ; :wordnet "underlie" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingUnderneathSomething'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' where the 'place' is underneath and supporting some other PhysicalObject (which can be a quantity of a liquid, such as a BodyOfWater). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'underlie' in WordNet: 2. underlie - (lie underneath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnderlyingObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnderWater ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Underlying ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingUnderwater :en "being underwater" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingUnderwater'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' where the 'place' is ''UnderWater' - under the surface of some Water Object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnderWater ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Submerged ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingUpset :isanIntensiveFormOf :Concern, :Dissatisfaction ; :ldoce "upset" ; :wnsense "disturbance2n", "perturbation1n", "upset1n" ; :wordnet "disturbance", "perturbation", "upset" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mild unhappiness caused by the occurrence of an unpleasant event in the past. Compare this with 'Anxiety' which is directed at some possible future Event. This Feeling is more intense than the milder forms of 'Dissatisfaction' or ''Annoyance'', being in addition an 'Unhappiness'. This can also be viewed as a 'Concern' (a mental state) strong enough to cause a period (possibly short) of distractedness and *mild* unhappiness due to the recognition or anticipation of the possible occurrence of an unpleasant event to oneself or another Person. Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'perturbation' in RHW: 2. the state of being perturbed. 3. mental disquiet, disturbance, or agitation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upset' and sense 1 of 'perturbation' in WordNet: 1. (1) disturbance, perturbation, upset - (an unhappy and worried mental state; 'there was too much anger and disturbance'; 'she didn't realize the upset she caused me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoyance, :Concern, :DirectedFeeling, :Displeasure, :Dissatisfaction, :Unhappiness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Upset ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Upset ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnpleasantEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :BeingVisible :wnsense "visibility1n", "visibleness1n" ; :wordnet "visibility", "visibleness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingVisible'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which some PhysicalObject is ''Visible'', i.e. perceivable by a person or other agent that can see visible light. To have the attribute ''visible'' an Object must be the object of an ''\"IlluminatingSomething'' Event (which can be done by a natural or artificial light source). An object can be ''Visible'' by itself emitting light, or by being illuminated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visibility' in WordNet: 1. (1) visibility, visibleness - (quality or fact or degree of being visible; perceptible by the eye or obvious to the eye; 'low visibility caused by fog') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :BeingWarm :en "warm temperature" ; :ldoce "warmth" ; :wnsense "warmness2n", "warmth3n" ; :wordnet "warmness", "warmth" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BeingWarm' is a PersistentState of some PhysicalObject during which the PhysicalObject is at a temperature above 20 deg C, but below 50 deg C. ; the actual borders of the temperature range for 'BeingWarm' may vary somewhat from that, depending on the Person evaluating the warmth. An Object in the state of 'BeingWarm' will have the Attribute 'Warm' (as evaluated by some Person). Earlier gloss: 'WarmTemperature'' is a ''TemperatureSituation'' in which the air temperature is above 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27.5 deg C) but not above 90 degees Fahrenheit (at which point it would be 'hot') For a numerical measure of warmth, use 'TemperatureMeasure'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'warmth' in WordNet: 3. (1) warmth, warmness - (the quality of having a moderate degree of heat; 'an agreeable warmth in the house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Warm ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :BeingWatched :en "being watched" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingWatched'' is a state in which something is being watched (monitored') by some agent, which could be an automaton. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Watched ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Monitoring ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :BeingWelcome :ldoce "welcome" ; :wnsense "welcome1n" ; :wordnet "welcome" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BeingWelcome' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) in which a person's presence (An instance of Event) is 'Welcome' to another person. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'welcome' in WordNet: 1. (1) welcome - (the state of being welcome; 'don't outstay your welcome') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Welcome ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :BeingWet :wnsense "wetness1n" ; :wordnet "wetness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingWet'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which some physical object has the attribute ''Wet''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wetness' in WordNet: 1. (1) wetness - (the condition of containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water); 'he confirmed the wetness of the swimming trunks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wet ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :BeingaMemberOfaGroup :en "being a member" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingaMemberOfaGroup'' is the PersistentState of being a Person who is one of a ''GroupOfPeople'' with some definable characteristics. This has many possible subtypes, only a few of which are yet represented here. enrolled in some educational institution; """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaRole, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Member ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :BeingaMonarch :en "being a monarch" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A 'BeingaMonarch'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) of a Person who holds the position of ''Monarch-HeadOfState'' No WN sense for this type. The closest in RHW seems to be sense 2 of 'monarchy': 2. supreme power or sovereignty held by a single person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmploymentPosition, :SuperiorStatus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Monarch-HeadOfState ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reign ; owl:onProperty :holdsInTimeInterval ] . :BeingaStudent :ldoce "study" ; :wnsense "study2v" ; :wordnet "study" ; a :ActionType, :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The PersistentState of being enrolled in some educational institution; 'he is studying at Harvard'. This is a subtype of 'AttemptingActivity' because the person who is enrolled is attempting to achieve some credential by passing the course of study; usually attempting to get a diploma or degree, or at least some credits, or attempting to learn something. This differs from the parent ''Studying'' in that the studying is done in amore formal setting than just learning on one's own - there ust be a agent (school or tutor or coach) that 'teaches' the student. Corresponds to verb 2 of 'study' in WordNet; a different sense, to study some topic, not just be a student, is represented by the type 'Studying'. in WordNet: 2. (18) study - (be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :BeingaMemberOfaGroup, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Student ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teacher ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :School ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Studying ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Learning ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Belarus :wnsense "Belarus1n" ; :wordnet "Belarus" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Belarus' in WordNet: """ . :Belgian :pertainsTo :BelgianPerson, :Belgium ; :wnsense "Belgian1adj" ; :wordnet "Belgian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''German'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Germany'' or a ''GermanPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Belgian' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Belgian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Belgium or the Belgian people; 'the Belgian Queen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BelgianPerson :wnsense "Belgian1n" ; :wordnet "Belgian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Belgian' in WordNet: 1. Belgian - (a native or inhabitant of Belgium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belgium ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Belgium :wnsense "Belgium1n" ; :wordnet "Belgium" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Belgium' in WordNet: 1. Belgium, Kingdom of Belgium, Belgique - (a monarchy in northwestern Europe; headquarters for the European Union and for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) """ . :BelgradeArea :isSmallerThan :Serbia ; a :CityRegion . :BelgradeSerbia :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :BelgradeArea ; :inContext :Serbia ; a :CapitalCity, :LargestCityByPopulation, :LargestThingInaContext, :UniqueThingInaContext . :Belief :ldoce "belief" ; :wnsense "belief1n" ; :wordnet "belief" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Belief is a Proposition that an IntelligentAgent considers to be so likely to be true that there is no value in doubting it, and no good reason to act as though it might be false. The degree of certainty which people attach to various statements of fact varies on a continuous scale, and it is probably not possible to distinguish some opinions that a person has some doubt about from what they 'believe'. Also, people may say they 'believe' one thing, but act as though they don't consider it true. For the state of believing something, rather than the content of the belief, use '''Believing''' One function of representing a Belief (as contrasted with an assertion that a person may make) is to allow representing a Lie (an assertion contrary to an Agent's belief), and to provide one componenent of motivation for an Agent to act. NOTE that although a Belief, like other MentalObjects, may have a location that is the sum of all physical representations, it must have had at least one active believer to be a Belief. That Believer may be a DeadPerson. The detailed axiomatization of 'belief' is postponed until COSMO is converted to FOL and some task that requires details of belief is at hand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'belief' in WordNet: 1. (19) belief - (any cognitive content held as true) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opinion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :PersonType :FictionalCharacter :GroupType :Group ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opinion ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Notion ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :BeliefGroup :guid "bd58a91d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BeliefGroup is a group of people, not considered as an Organization in COSMO. It may actually lie somewhere between an Organization and just a group of people. A ReligiousOrganization will typically have as members a BeliefGroup, but a Beliefgroup does not have to be religious (think of UFO believers). It is not necessarily ideological, (people who belive in UFO's are not in COSMO considered as ideologues) so that parent from Cyc has been removed. In Cyc called 'BeliefSystemFocusGroup': Cyc: The class of organizations which have as their focus some element of #$BeliefSystems. A sample element of #$BeliefSystemFocusGroup is #$KuKluxKlan. SUMO: A GroupOfPeople whose members share a belief or set of beliefs.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGroup . :BeliefSystem :guid "bd58bd47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BeliefType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of (more or less) related Beliefs held in the mind of some IntelligentAgent. The beliefs may be only loosely if at all connected to each other, so it is not a 'System' in the formal sense used in COSMO. This is also classified as a ''Theory'' in that the components of a ''BeliefSystem'' are at least intuitively expected by the believer to fit together coherently, even if the believer has no training in formal logic. This means that a ''Theory'' may be internally inconsistent - it is not a formal mathematical theory. The individual Beliefs in a BeliefSstem do not have to be logically consistent. If the Beliefs actually fit together logically, that might make a 'CoherentBeliefSystem', but at this point (v 0.50) there is no need for such a concept. An Ontology may be a BeliefSystem under some circumstances (see 'Ontology'). A BeliefSystem is a subtype of Belief - a group of Propositions is also a Proposition. Cyc: A specialization of #$AspatialInformationStore. Each instance of #$BeliefSystem is an ideology (systems of belief) in terms of which an agent characterizes (i.e., makes sense of) the world. Instances of #$BeliefSystem include: #$VegetarianBeliefs, #$GermanNaziIdeology, #$RepublicanPartyIdeology, #$CommunistIdeology, #$PacifistIdeology, #$Atheism, etc. See also #$ClassificationSystem.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, :InformationStore, :MentalObject, :MentalObjectGroup, :Theory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :PersonType :FictionalCharacter :GroupType :Group ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Belief :BeliefType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnknownAgent3 ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :BeliefType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeliefType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Subtypes of ''notion, including ''BeliefSystem''s and an argument restriction for various relations on Beliefs or BeliefSystem types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContextType, :PropositionType . :Believer :wnsense "believer1n" ; :wordnet "believer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any person who believes some Proposition. This is used mainly for people who believe specific philiosophical or religious or ideological views, or believe in the good qualities of some Person. The restriction requires that the proposition believed be specified. NOTE: a ''Believer'' of some ''PhilsophicalSchool'' (including religions) that originated with a specific Person is represented by the subtype ''Adherent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'believer' in WordNet: 1. (1) believer, truster - (a supporter who accepts something as true) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :believes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :PropositionType ) ] ] . :Believing :eng "believing" ; :ldoce "believe", "think" ; :wnsense "believe1v", "believe2v", "believe3v", "conceive2v", "think1v" ; :wordnet "believe", "conceive", "think" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Believing'' is a stative Event (an Event in which some property stays constant - often called a 'state'), during which some 'IntentionalAgent' believes some proposition. ''Believing'' is a form of 'ThinkingAboutSomething' in which a Person considers some ''Belief'' (a ''Proposition'') to be true. For a very weak form of ''Believing'' use ''SuspectingSomething''. A Peron may believe something with little or no evidence, but this is distinguished from ''SuspectingSomething'' in the strength with which a Person holds the ''Belief'' and is reluctant to give it up. To relate an agent to a Belief,use relation ''believes''. The necessary components of each instance of ''Believing'' are an individual 'IntentionalAgent' and a ''Belief'' (which is a subtype of Proposition). Each ''Believing'' occurs as a result of some Event which is a Judging or an Evaluating. NOTE that a ''Believing'' can involve a weak belief, such as an Expectation. It is not necessary for someone to be actively thinking about something in order to 'believe' it. Therefore a ''Believing'' is not a subtype of 'Thinking' which is conscious and intentional. NOTE also that although a Belief is the result of some process of Judging or Evaluating, the process does not have to be rational or fact-based, it may be a leap of faith from some very weak evidence. As an Event, a ''Believing'' has a specific beginning and ending time. But if one asserts that an Agent believes something, one may not know when that belief began and when it will end, and it is not necessary to specify the beginning and ending time to create an instance of ''Believing''. It may be preferable to define and use a BeliefProcess rather (a FunctionalProcess) than a ''Believing'' (an event) but as of version 0.52 such a FunctionalProcess has not been represented in COSMO. NOTE that the sense of 'belief' being the state of believing is not represented in Wordnet, but this type includes that sense. That sense is represented by RHW senses 2 and 3 of 'belief': 2. confidence in the truth or existence of something not immediately susceptible to rigorous proof: a statement unworthy of belief. 3. confidence; faith; trust: a child's belief in his parents. This sense includes three of the WordNet verb senses - 1, 2, and 4, of 'believe'; the third sense is represented in COSMO as 'ExpectingSomething'; it also includes verb sense 1 of 'think' (same as sense 2 of 'believe' in WordNet: 1. (119) believe - (accept as true; take to be true; 'I believed his report'; 'We didn't believe his stories from the War'; 'She believes in spirits') 2. (72) think, believe, consider, conceive - (judge or regard; look upon; judge; 'I think he is very smart'; 'I believe her to be very smart'; 'I think that he is her boyfriend'; 'The racist conceives such people to be inferior') 3. (37) believe, trust - (be confident about something; 'I believe that he will come back from the war') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalReferringThing, :HavingAnOpinion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Belief ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :containedExperience ; owl:someValuesFrom :Belief ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Evaluating :Judging ) ] ] . :BelievingSomething :en "believe something" ; :eng "believing something" ; :env "believe something" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''BelievingSomething'' is a subtype of ''Believing'' being an instance of''TransitiveEventType'' that takes a DirectObject for the Proposition or Assertion believed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :PropositionType ) ] ] . :BelievingaReligiousDoctrine :en "believing a religious doctrine" ; :enn "believing a religious doctrine" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BelievingaReligiousDoctrine'' is a ''BelievingSomething'' in which the thing believed is some ''ReligiousDoctrine'' or some ''ReligiousBeliefs''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ReligiousDoctrine :ReligiousBeliefs ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Belize :wnsense "Belize1n" ; :wordnet "Belize" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Belize' in WordNet: 1. Belize, British Honduras - (a country on the northeastern coast of Central America on the Caribbean; formerly under British control) """ . :Bell :guid "bd590c4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bell" ; :wnsense "bell1n" ; :wordnet "bell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device that produces a distinctive 'ring' when struck; the striking element may be part of the bell, or be external. This includes Devices that produce multiple 'ding' sounds from being struck repeatedly, as in the bell on a telephone, or the alarm bell in a building. SUMO: A PercussionInstrument which is made of Metal and which produces a single tone when it is struck. COSMO note: this includes all types and sizes of bells, including large church bells, those used in an orchestra, and small round bells with balls inside, used to make a jingling sound when moved, as in 'to bell the cat'. This includes the bells that can be struck or vibrated electronically, but does not include buzzers or other 'bells' that are not made of metal and do not produce sound by striking. NOTE that in French, some different subtypes have different labels, even though in English they are all called 'bell'. cloche (of a church) clochette (on a cow) sonnette (of a door) grelot (on a sleigh) timbre (on a desk) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bell' in WordNet: 1. (9) bell - (a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercussionInstrument . :Belligerence :guid "bd58935e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disagreeableness2n" ; :wordnet "disagreeableness" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Hostility. Aggressive and unfriendly attitude or disposition. Enmity. Ill will; positive hatred NOTE: CYC includes 'hatred' in the gloss and 'feeling' as a parent type. this type is not a feeling, it is a trait. RHW: 1. a warlike or aggressively hostile nature, condition, or attitude. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'belligerence' in WordNet: 2. disagreeableness - (an ill-tempered and offensive disposition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disagreeableness . :Bellowing :eng "bellowing" ; :wnsense "bawl1v", "bellow1v" ; :wordnet "bawl", "bellow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bellow' in WordNet: 1. (10) bawl, bellow - (shout loudly and without restraint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shouting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Belly :isAnOrganicPartOf :Vertebrate ; :ldoce "stomach" ; :wnsense "abdomen1n", "belly1n", "stomach2n", "venter2n" ; :wordnet "abdomen", "belly", "stomach", "venter" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Belly' is the part of an vertebrate's 'Torso' that includes and surrounds the 'Stomach'. Also called the 'abdomen'. Probely would be clearer to use the 'abdomen' label. e.g. RHW entry 'abdomen': a. the part of the body of a mammal between the thorax and the pelvis; belly. b. the cavity of this part of the body containing the stomach, intestines, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'belly and sense 2 of 'stomach' and sense 1 of 'abdomen' in WordNet: 2. (5) abdomen, venter, stomach, belly - (the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertebrate ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Belongings :wnsense "belongings1n" ; :wordnet "belongings" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Belongings'' are the Group of ''PersonalPossession''s owned by one person or a married couple, kept at one location, usually the primary Residence. This is the stuff that is moved when a Family changes residence. NOTE: this is specialized for a Person's stuff kept in one location,and the more generic 'property' can be represented by the parent''Property''. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'belongings' (for PhysicalObjects only, and located in one building) in WordNet: 1. (2) property, belongings, holding, material possession - (something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone; 'that hat is my property'; 'he is a man of property';) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PhysicalObject, :Property, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PersonalPossession ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :Family-Human ) ] ] . :Belt-Clothing :guid "bd58e694-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "belt" ; :wnsense "belt2n" ; :wordnet "belt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all belts, the article of clothing used to hold up pants and skirts, and for decoration. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'belt' in WordNet. in Wordnet: 2. (4) belt - (a band to tie or buckle around the body (usually at the waist)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAcessoryBand, :RibbonlikeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingUpPants ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waist ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Belt-Mechanical :guid "bd58f3f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "belt" ; :wnsense "belt1n" ; :wordnet "belt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Closed loop of material used to transfer rotational energy; it is a MechanicalComponent intended to serve as part of a mechanism, like belts in a car or chains on bicycles or motorcycles. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'belt' in WordNet: 1. (4) belt - (endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedLoopObject, :Coupler, :FlexibleObject, :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice, :MechanicalComponent . :BeltBuckle :en "belt buckle" ; :guid "c0fbd3fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "buckle1n" ; :wordnet "buckle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fastener that hold the two ends of a Belt-Clothing together. There are several designs, and all are included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buckle' in Wordnet: 1. (2) buckle - (fastener that fastens together two ends of a belt or strap; often has loose prong) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :SomethingToWearPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belt-Clothing ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Bemusing :wnsense "bemuse1v", "bewilder2v", "discombobulate1v", "throw9v" ; :wordnet "bemuse", "bewilder", "discombobulate", "throw" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bemusing'' is an 'UpsettingEvent' that includes a Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bemuse' in WordNet: 1. bewilder, bemuse, discombobulate, throw - (cause to be confused emotionally) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :UpsettingEvent . :Bench :wnsense "bench1n" ; :wordnet "bench" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bench'' is a ''SeatingDevice'' that is designed to support more than one person, with no maximum specified,but unlike a ''Sofa'', it is not upholstered, though it may have a cushion on top. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bench' in WordNet: 1. (12) bench - (a long seat for more than one person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :HexalateralObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :Person-SupportingFurniture, :SeatingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :Benchmark :wnsense "benchmark1n" ; :wordnet "benchmark" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Benchmark'' is a ''StandardSpec'' that is considered as a criterion for good performance in some task. This differs from a ''Baseline'' in that the ''Baseline'' sets a minimum criterion for acceptability, whereas a performance below a ''Benchmark'' may be acceptable, but can be recognized as less than the best possible. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'benchmark' in WordNet: 1. benchmark - (a standard by which something can be measured or judged; 'his painting sets the benchmark of quality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StandardSpec, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Evaluating ] . :Bendable :guid "dbac7fe6-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Bending ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Bending ; :wnsense "bendable1adj" ; :wordnet "bendable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A physical attribute. #$Bendable is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of an object that tends to stay in the contorted shape when contorted. Note: for something to be bendable, it must be #$Flexible. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bendable' in WordNet: 1. bendable, pliable, pliant - (capable of being bent or flexed or twisted without breaking; 'a flexible wire'; 'a pliant young tree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flexible . :BendableObject :guid "dbac7fe6-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An Object that is bendable." ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bendable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bending :en "bending" ; :guid "bd58878e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bend" ; :wnsense "bend2n", "bend3v", "deform3v", "flex5v", "turn22v", "twist2v" ; :wordnet "bend", "deform", "flex", "turn", "twist" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: A ShapeChange in which an elongated object (or some part of one) goes from a relatively straight shape to a curved or angled shape. The bending process may be reversible if it is caused by a stress that is removed, or is performed by or on a flexible Object.. This includes a person bending over from the waist, as the subtype 'BendingOver'. See also ''Hinge'' for flexible objects that bend as part of their design function. Cyc: A process of straining a material uniformly along a straight axis. NOTE: The WN gloss says this is done with a ''plastic' object, but thi type includes any object that can chaneg shape by bending, including hinged objects whose individual parts are rigid. Includes transitive verb sense 3 and noun sense 2 of 'bend', and (as a subtype) part of verb sense 4 of 'bend' in WordNet (the simple act of bending forward from the waist - crouching is more complex): in WordNet: 3. (5) flex, bend, deform, twist, turn - (cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form; 'bend the rod'; 'twist the dough into a braid'; 'the strong man could turn an iron bar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeformingSomething . :BendingOver :en "bend over", "bow down" ; :ldoce "bend" ; :wnsense "bend4v", "bow4v", "crouch1v", "stoop1v" ; :wordnet "bend", "bow", "crouch", "stoop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A voluntary action of an Animal. This is the act of going from a (relatively) uprigtposition to a 'bent over' position. Being in the resultingposition is represented by ''BendingOverState''. 'Crouching' is usually sense 2 of 'crouch', more like a squat - but it is included here (rev1273) until more differentiation is needed. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'bend' in WordNet: 4. (3) crouch, stoop, bend, bow - (bend one's back forward from the waist on down; 'he crouched down'; 'She bowed before the Queen'; 'The young man stooped to pick up the girl's purse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bending, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BendingOverState ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :BendingOverState :en "being bent over", "bending over" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BendingOverState'' is a ''BodyPositionEvent'' in which a ''Person'' is bent over,with the legs reatively upright and the torso near to horizontal, with the head at or below the level of the torso. If the knees are bent more than 40 degrees, it would be a 'crouch'. The position does not have to be static to continue in this state, but if the position changes to 'standing' for any length of time, the ''BendingOverState'' is interrupted, and may be resumed. This is the position that is often required for harvesting crops that grow close to the ground or otherwise tending plants, as in a ''Garden''.. Maintaining this position can be tiring, and stressful on the back. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPositionEvent, :PerceivableHumanAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BendingOver ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] ; owl:disjointWith :SittingEvent, :StandingStillEvent . :Benefactor :wnsense "benefactor1n" ; :wordnet "benefactor" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Benefactor''is a ''Helper'' who helps another agent out of some form of kindness, rather than as a paid task or for personal gain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'benefactor' in WordNet: 1. benefactor, helper - (a person who helps people or institutions (especially with financial help)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Helper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProvidingMonetarySupport ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Beneficial :isTheOppositeOf :Harmful ; :wnsense "beneficial1adj", "good5adj" ; :wordnet "beneficial", "good" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Beneficial'' is an attribute of situations, or events or Actions that can at least potentially improve the financial or physical or emotional well being of some Agent. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'beneficial' in Wordnet: 1. (6) beneficial, good - (promoting or enhancing well-being; 'an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries'; 'the beneficial effects of a temperate climate'; 'the experience was good for her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Good, :Salient, :Useful . :Beneficiary :wnsense "benefactive role1n", "beneficiary1n", "beneficiary2n" ; :wordnet "benefactive role", "beneficiary" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Beneficiary'' is an ''Acquirer'' of something ''Good''. The Thing acquired can be of any type. The subtypes ''MedicalPatient'' and ''Customer'' are ''Beneficiary''s of some ''ServiceEvent'', which is presumably a ''GoodThing'' for them, as those Roles are typically voluntary. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'beneficiary' in WordNet so 'donee' is broken out as a subtype. (sense 2 is for grammatical relations, but that is also a ''Role'' relevant as part of the meaning): in WordNet: 1. (2) beneficiary, donee - (the recipient of funds or other benefits) 2. benefactive role, beneficiary - (the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acquirer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheRecipientOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :GoodThing ] . :Benefit :wnsense "benefit2n", "welfare2n" ; :wordnet "benefit", "welfare" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Very generally, a ''Benefit'' is any Event (including states) that can be helpful to an Organism or other agent (including groups or organizations of agents). This can include a benefit to groups of plants, as the plants in an ecosystem. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'benefit' in WordNet: 2. (16) benefit, welfare - (something that aids or promotes well-being; 'for the common good') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Helpful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Benefiting :eng "benefiting" ; :ldoce "profit" ; :wnsense "benefit1v", "benefit2v", "profit1v" ; :wordnet "benefit", "profit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Benefiting' is a broad category of Events in which some agent or Action gains a benefit (something good) as a result of an Event, which is often but not necessarily the action of another agent. NOTE: this includes transitive sense 'helping something' and intransitive sense 'gaining benefit from'. These should be distinguished. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'benefit' in Wordnet, and is the passive sense of sense 1, which inverts the subject and object: in WordNet: 1. (15) profit, gain, benefit - (derive a benefit from; 'She profited from his vast experience') 2. (8) benefit, do good - (be beneficial for; 'This will do you good') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :AgentType :GenericAgent :Campaign ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HarmingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :hasTheReverseEffectOf ] . :Benevolence :disposesToAction :ActOfKindness ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Benevolent, :Kind ; :wnsense "benevolence1n", "benevolence2n" ; :wordnet "benevolence" ; a :EventType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The more intensive subtype of ''Kindness'' that disposes a person to perform acts helpful to others. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'benevolence' in WordNet: 1. benevolence - (disposition to do good) 2. benevolence - (an inclination to do kind or charitable acts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kindness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActOfKindness ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kind ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Benevolent ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Benevolent :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Benevolence ; :wnsense "benevolent1adj", "charitable3adj", "good-hearted1adj", "kindly1adj", "large-hearted1adj", "openhearted1adj", "sympathetic4adj" ; :wordnet "benevolent", "charitable", "good-hearted", "kindly", "large-hearted", "openhearted", "sympathetic" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'benevolent' in Wordnet: 1. benevolent - (intending or showing kindness; 'a benevolent society') 2. charitable, benevolent, kindly, sympathetic, good-hearted, openhearted, large-hearted - (showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity; 'was charitable in his opinions of others'; 'kindly criticism'; 'a kindly act'; 'sympathetic words'; 'a large-hearted mentor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kind-Hearted . :Benign :isAnAttributeValueOf :AilmentCondition, :Tumor ; :wnsense "benign1adj" ; :wordnet "benign" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Benign'' when used in a medical context as a characterization of disease means that the disease is not as aggressive and deadly as the worst forms of that disease. It is 'harmless' only in a relative sense. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'benign' in Wordnet: 1. benign - (not dangerous to health; not recurrent or progressive (especially of a tumor)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmless . :Benin :wnsense "Benin1n" ; :wordnet "Benin" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Benin' in WordNet: 1. Benin, Republic of Benin, Dahomey - (a country on western coast of Africa; formerly under French control) """ . :Bent :isTheOppositeOf :Straight ; :wnsense "bent1adj" ; :wordnet "bent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """having at least one curve, caused by a ''Bending'' Event.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bent' in WordNet: 1. (4) bent - (altered from an originally straight condition; 'a bent wire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crooked . :Benzene :guid "a6409f6e-9092-41d7-9fc1-931859a2d3ca" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C6H6 ; :wnsense "benzene1n", "benzine1n", "benzol1n" ; :wordnet "benzene", "benzine", "benzol" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The simplest 'aromatic compound', one six-membered ring with no attached atoms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'benzene' in WordNet: 1. (1) benzene, benzine, benzol - (a colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AromaticCompound, :Hydrocarbon, :Petrochemical . :BenzoicAcid :guid "fe4b6cf6-f8db-41d6-8151-d8273cd2d592" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C7H6O2 ; :wnsense "benzoic acid1n" ; :wordnet "benzoic acid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of samples of benzoic acid; HC7H5O2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'benzoic acid' in WordNet: 1. benzoic acid - (a white crystalline solid occurring in many resins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AromaticCompound, :OrganicAcid . :BenzoylPeroxide :guid "c0fdf232-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C6H5COO-OOC6H5 ; :wnsense "benzoyl peroxide1n" ; :wordnet "benzoyl peroxide" ; a :AntibioticType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'benzoyl peroxide' in WordNet: 1. benzoyl peroxide - (a white crystalline peroxide used in bleaching (flour or oils or fats) and as a catalyst for free radical reactions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antibiotic, :Peroxide . :Bequeather :en "bequeather" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '' is the person who gives a posthumous gift to another ''LegalAgent'' by means of inheritance. The ''LegalAgent'' performing this act is the subject Agent of ''Bequeathing'' The recipient ''LegalAgent'' becomes (one of or sole) ''Heir'' to the bequeathed property. See ''Bequeathing''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Giver, :LegalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bequeathing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Bequeathing :en "bequeathing", "leaving" ; :wnsense "bequeath1n", "leave10v" ; :wordnet "bequeath", "leave" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Bequeathing'' is a ''GivingaGift'' by implementation of a 'last will and testament'. This action takes place *only* after the death of the bequeather. The action of executing a last will while still alive must precede this, but is not yet (rev1385) represented. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bequeath' in WordNet: 1. bequeath, will, leave - (leave or give by will after one's death; 'My aunt bequeathed me all her jewelry'; 'My grandfather left me his entire estate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingaGift, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inheritance ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeathOfaPerson ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFollows ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InheritingProperty ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bequeather ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Beret :guid "bd58abc7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beret1n" ; :wordnet "beret" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Beret'' is a soft and stylish type of ''Cap''. CYC: Soft, crushable hats usually made of felt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beret' in WordNet: 1. beret - (a cap with no brim or bill; made of soft cloth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Berkelium :guid "bff781ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "97"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Bk1n", "atomic number 971n", "berkelium1n" ; :wordnet "Bk", "atomic number 97", "berkelium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Berkelium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'berkelium' in WordNet: 1. berkelium, Bk, atomic number 97 - (a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Bermuda :wnsense "Bermuda1n" ; :wordnet "Bermuda" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Bermuda' in WordNet: 1. Bermuda, Bermudas - (a group of islands in the Atlantic off the Carolina coast; British colony; a popular resort) """ . :Berry :ldoce "berry" ; :wnsense "berry1n", "berry2n" ; :wordnet "berry" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small, usually stoneless, juicy fruit, irrespective of botanical structure, such as the huckleberry, strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, or hackberry. This type does not have a hard ''Shell'' covering, *nor* a hard ''Pit'' that is difficult or unpleasant to eat. Each ''Berry''can usually be eaten in one bite (though one can 'make two bites of a cherry'). Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'berry' in WordNet: 1. (3) berry - (any of numerous small and pulpy edible fruits; used as desserts or in making jams and jellies and preserves) 2. berry - (a small fruit having any of various structures, e.g., simple (grape or blueberry) or aggregate (blackberry or raspberry)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shell ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pit ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Juicy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Berth :wnsense "berth3n", "built in bed1n", "bunk2n" ; :wordnet "berth", "built in bed", "bunk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bed'' that is built into a compartment or a tier of beds - e.g. a bed against the wall of a train. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'berth' in Wordnet: 3. berth, bunk, built in bed - (a bed on a ship or train; usually in tiers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShipOrTrain ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ] . :Beryl :guid "bdc7d107-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beryl1n" ; :wordnet "beryl" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Beryllium and aluminum silicate #$Mineral from which the #$Gems #$Emerald-Gem and #$Aquamarine-Gem are derived. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beryl' in WordNet: 1. beryl - (the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :Beryllium :guid "bd589187-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Be1n", "beryllium1n", "glucinium1n" ; :wordnet "Be", "beryllium", "glucinium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of beryllium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beryllium' in WordNet: 1. (1) beryllium, Be, glucinium, atomic number 4 - (a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Beseeching :wnsense "adjure1v", "beseech1v", "bid3v", "entreat1v", "press14v" ; :wordnet "adjure", "beseech", "bid", "entreat", "press" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ \"O Oysters, come and walk with us!\" The Walrus did beseech. (From :\" The Walrus and the Carpenter \" By Lewis Carroll) 'conjure' is used frequently in other senses. Leave out of this for now to avoid confusion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beseech' in WordNet: 1. (2) bid, beseech, entreat, adjure, press, conjure - (ask for or request earnestly; 'The prophet bid all people to become good persons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pleading . :Bespoke :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Customizing ; :wnsense "bespoke1adj", "bespoken1adj", "made-to-order2adj", "tailor-made1adj", "tailored2adj" ; :wordnet "bespoke", "bespoken", "made-to-order", "tailor-made", "tailored" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bespoke' in Wordnet: 1. bespoke, bespoken, made-to-order, tailored, tailor-made - (of clothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Best :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute :Good ; :wnsense "best1adj" ; :wordnet "best" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Best'' is a 'GoodnessValue' that specifies that the thing characterized has the most'goodness' of all in the Group of reference. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'best' in Wordnet: 1. (95) best - ((superlative of 'good') having the most positive qualities; 'the best film of the year'; 'the best solution'; 'the best time for planting'; 'wore his best suit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Better . :Best-known :isMoreIntenseThan :Well-known ; :wnsense "best-known1adj" ; :wordnet "best-known" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Best-known'' is an attribute of things that are more ''Well-known'', than all others. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'best-known' in Wordnet: 1. (1) best-known - (most familiar or renowned; 'Stevenson's best-known work is probably 'Treasure Island'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Well-known . :Best-selling :isAnAttributeValueOf :Book-Physical ; :wnsense "best-selling1adj" ; :wordnet "best-selling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'best-selling' in Wordnet: 1. (1) best-selling - (selling in great numbers; 'a best-selling novel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Popular . :BestSeller :en "best-seller" ; :enn "best-seller" ; :wnsense "best seller1n", "bestseller1n" ; :wordnet "best seller", "bestseller" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BestSeller'' is a ''TradeBook'' for which the number of physical copies have been sold during some interval of time (usually a Week) is more than others in the same category, among some list of book sales recorded by some Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'best seller' in WordNet: 1. (2) best seller, bestseller - (a book that has had a large and rapid sale) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TradeBook, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :RetailSale ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Bestiality :guid "c0abf660-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bestiality2n", "zooerastia1n", "zooerasty1n" ; :wordnet "bestiality", "zooerastia", "zooerasty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$SexualBehaviorType and a specialization of #$ParaphilicSexualBehavior. Each instance of #$Bestiality is an instance of #$SexualBehavior involving a #$Person and a #$NonPersonAnimal. #$Persons who compulsively engage (or are tempted to engage) in instances of #$Bestiality are said to be afflicted with #$Zoophilia (q.v.). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bestiality' in WordNet: 2. bestiality, zooerastia, zooerasty - (sexual activity between a person and an animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paraphilia, :SexualCopulation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonAndAnimal ] . :BetTaker :en "bet taker" ; :enn "bet taker" ; :wnsense "taker2n" ; :wordnet "taker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BetTaker'' is a Person who accepts a ''Wager'' that is offered. \" I'll bet $100 that the Yankees win the series. Any takers? \" Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'taker' in WordNet: 2. taker - (one who takes a bet or wager) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Taker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gambling ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Beta :wnsense "alpha1adj", "alpha2adj" ; :wordnet "alpha" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Beta'' is an AttributeValue used as a metaphorical subattribute of 'second' and also used to mean 'occurring after the first' (second in temporal order). These senses may be distinguishable, if compound terms like 'alpha version' are not explicitly represented. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'beta' in Wordnet: 1. beta - (second in order of importance; 'the candidate, considered a beta male, was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory') 2. beta - (preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; 'a beta version'; 'beta software') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :BetaBlocker :en "beta-adrenergic inhibitor" ; :guid "c10afd30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beta blocker1n", "beta-adrenergic blocker1n", "beta-adrenergic blocking agent1n" ; :wordnet "beta blocker", "beta-adrenergic blocker", "beta-adrenergic blocking agent" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A drug substance that interferes with the transmission of sympathetic nervous inhibiting stimuli at the adrenergic beta receptors . Each #$BetaBlocker is a #$CardiovascularAgent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beta blocker' in WordNet: 1. beta blocker, beta-adrenergic blocker, beta-adrenergic blocking agent - (any of various drugs used in treating hypertension or arrhythmia; decreases force and rate of heart contractions by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors of the autonomic nervous system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antihypertensive . :BetaLactam :en "beta lactam" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OrganicChemical that has a four-membered ring which includes an amide bond. Some subtypes of this Type (''Penicillin'', ''Amoxycillin'') are widely used and valuable antibacterial agents (antibiotics) used in modern medicine.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound . :BetaRadiation :wnsense "beta radiation1n", "electron radiation1n" ; :wordnet "beta radiation", "electron radiation" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BetaRadiation'' is an ''IonizingRadiation''in which ''BetaRay''s pass through some region of space or PhysicalObject.. This is a group of ''BetaRay''s considered as an Event (a phenomenon). For a single electron in such radiation, use ''BetaRay''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (for one electron) of 'beta ray' in WordNet: 1. beta radiation, beta ray, electron radiation - (radiation of beta particles during radioactive decay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IonizingRadiation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BetaRay ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :BetaRay :wnsense "beta ray1n" ; :wordnet "beta ray" ; a :EmittableThingType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An electron emitted from a radioactive material. In essence, this is a ''Role'' played by an ''Electron'' when emitted as a particle in nuclear decay. This is one electron. For a group of ''BetaRay''s cosidered as an Event (a phenomenon) , use ''BetaRadiation''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (for one electron) of 'beta ray' in WordNet: 1. beta radiation, beta ray, electron radiation - (radiation of beta particles during radioactive decay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electron, :Role . :Betrayer :wnsense "betrayer2n", "double-crosser1n", "double-dealer1n", "traitor2n", "two-timer2n" ; :wordnet "betrayer", "double-crosser", "double-dealer", "traitor", "two-timer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """>A ''Betrayer'' takes advantage of the trust of another Agent to do something harmful to that agent. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'betrayer' in WordNet: 2. double-crosser, double-dealer, two-timer, betrayer, traitor - (a person who says one thing and does another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BetrayingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :BetrayingAnAgent :wnsense "betray2v", "betrayal1n", "sell out2v", "sell6v", "treachery2n" ; :wordnet "betray", "betrayal", "sell", "sell out", "treachery" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BetrayingAnAgent'' is a ''VictimizingAnAgent'' in which the betraying is not merely ''Unjust'' (which could be done to an agent one has no prior contact with); *but* involved 'treachery', which is violation of a trust that the Victim had in the betrayer, and which the betrayer encouraged, *and* which harms the Victim by ''Benefiting'' (giving some advantage to) either the Agent performing the ''BetrayingAnAgent'' (i.e. betraying for his/her own benefit, by which the performing agent becomes an ''Enemy'') or to some other ''Enemy'' of the Victim. @ToDo: this is a complex concept and needs more detail to properly represent all the facets. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'betray' in WordNet: 2. (3) betray, sell - (deliver to an enemy by treachery; 'Judas sold Jesus'; 'The spy betrayed his country') WN verb 'sell out': 2. (1) sell out - (give information that compromises others) WN noun 'betrayal': 1. (2) treachery, betrayal, treason, perfidy - (an act of deliberate betrayal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :BetrayingaTrust, :VictimizingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Treacherous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Enemy :AgentType ) ] ] . :BetrayingaTrust :wnsense "betray3v", "fail3v" ; :wordnet "betray", "fail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BetrayingaTrust'' is a ''WrongingSomeone'' where the agent(s) wronged trusted and depended on the betrayer to perform or refrain from some Action. This can disappoint and possibly but not necessarily harm the one betrayed. Corresponds to *part* of verb sense 1 of 'betray' in WordNet (this type only represents betrayal by a Person, not by senses or capabilities): in WordNet: 3. (2) fail, betray - (disappoint, prove undependable to; abandon, forsake; 'His sense of smell failed him this time'; 'His strength finally failed him'; 'His children failed him in the crisis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrongingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TrustingAgent :AgentType ) ] ] . :Betrothed :wnsense "betrothed1n" ; :wordnet "betrothed" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'betrothed' in WordNet: 1. betrothed - (the person to whom you are engaged) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lover . :Better :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Good ; :isTheOppositeOf :Worse ; :ldoce "better" ; :wnsense "better1adj" ; :wordnet "better" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Better' is a 'GoodnessValue' that specifies that the thing characterized has some property that is comparatatively greater than 'good' for that type of thing. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'better' in Wordnet: 1. (72) better - ((comparative of 'good') superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another; 'You're a better man than I am, Gunga Din'; 'a better coat'; 'a better type of car'; 'a suit with a better fit'; 'a better chance of success'; 'produced a better mousetrap'; 'she's better in math than in history') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :BettingOdds :wnsense "odds2n" ; :wordnet "odds" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BettingOdds' are a speciaized form of 'Probability' that is used in a context where one agent offers another a specific ratio of money in a bet on a particular outcome - commonly used in sports betting such as horse racing. Though used in a specific context, conceptually it is a form of Probability specified in a particular fashion (as a ratio) in some particular context. An 'BettingOdds' may not be calculated as other probabilities, since it may merely reflect the number of bets in each direction taken by a particular betting broker. However, even with this origin, it may be viewed as the averaged estinates of the betors as to the Probability of the given context outcome. Therefore it is represented here as a subtype of 'Probability'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'odds' in WordNet: 2. odds, betting odds - (the ratio by which one better's wager is greater than that of another; 'he offered odds of two to one') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Probability . :BetweenEarthAndTheSun :hasReferenceLocation :EarthsMoon ; :isBetween :EarthAndTheSun ; a :BetweenTwoObjects ; rdfs:comment """This is where the Moon is during a ''SolarEclipse''. """ . :BetweenTwoObjects a :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BetweenTwoObjects'' is a ''RelativeLocation'' that is directly between two ''PhysicalObject''s. This in-between location requires that the Thing in this location be on or close to the spatial line that connects the two objects that define the location. This in-between location can be anywhere between the two reference Objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, :RelativeLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :PairOfObjects ] . :Beverage :guid "bd58f408-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Water ; :ldoce "drink" ; :wnsense "beverage1n", "drink3n" ; :wordnet "beverage", "drink" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any Food that is ingested by Drinking. Note that this class is disjoint with the other subclasses of Food, i.e. Meat and FruitOrVegetable. NOTE: water without any significant included or added materials to change the flavor is not included. These are mixtures. It can be natural,like milk, or artifactual. Called 'Drink' in Cyc: Cyc; A specialization of both #$FoodOrDrink and #$LiquidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Drink is a portion of a liquid of a type that is ingestible and commonly consumed by humans or animals. Instances of #$Drink, unlike instances of #$Food (q.v.), are ingested by drinking without chewing. Since soup and applesauce are normally ''eaten'' by being placed in the mouth with a spoon, they are not considered to be drunk (although one can certainly drink either), and so are not specializations of this collection. Specializations of #$Drink include #$Water-Ingestible, #$Tea-Hot, #$HotChocolate, #$Lemonade, and #$Beer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beverage' and sense 3 of 'drink' in WordNet: 3. (3) beverage, drink, drinkable, potable - (any liquid suitable for drinking; 'may I take your beverage order?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :FoodOrDrink . :BeverageType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BeverageType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Beverage' and other entities..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstanceType, :MixtureType . :Bewhiskered :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Beard ; :wnsense "barbate1adj", "bearded1adj", "bewhiskered1adj", "whiskered1adj", "whiskery1adj" ; :wordnet "barbate", "bearded", "bewhiskered", "whiskered", "whiskery" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Bewhiskered'' is for a ''Person''; animals such as goats are not represented here, though the term 'bearded' can be used metaphorically for that. NOTE: a 'bearded iris' (or other ''Plant'') is represented by ''Bearded''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bearded' in Wordnet: 1. (10) bearded, barbate, bewhiskered, whiskered, whiskery - (having hair on the cheeks and chin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Beyond-Adv :ldoce "beyond" ; :wnsense "beyond1adv" ; :wordnet "beyond" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Beyond'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies a quantitative expression to indicate that the thing referenced is larger or outside a range in some way (or not larger,if prefixed by 'not'). For the preposition 'beyond' see ''beyond''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'beyond' in Wordnet: 1. (10) beyond - (farther along in space or time or degree; 'through the valley and beyond'; 'to the eighth grade but not beyond'; 'will be influential in the 1990s and beyond') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Bhutan :wnsense "Bhutan1n" ; :wordnet "Bhutan" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Bhutan' in WordNet: 1. Bhutan, Kingdom of Bhutan - (a landlocked principality in the Himalayas northeast of India) """ . :Bias :wnsense "bias1n", "preconception2n", "prejudice1n" ; :wordnet "bias", "preconception", "prejudice" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''Bias'' is an ''Attitude'' that predisposes a Person to believe some things for which there is little or even contradictory evidence. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bias' in WordNet: 1. (1) bias, prejudice, preconception - (a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Partiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tendency ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Biased :isTheOppositeOf :Unbiased ; :wnsense "biased1adj", "colored3adj", "coloured2adj", "one-sided3adj", "slanted2adj" ; :wordnet "biased", "colored", "coloured", "one-sided", "slanted" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'biased' in Wordnet: 1. biased, colored, coloured, one-sided, slanted - (favoring one person or side over another; 'a biased account of the trial'; 'a decision that was partial to the defendant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Partial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Partiality ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Bib :wnsense "bib2n" ; :wordnet "bib" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClothNapkin'' used on a child under the chin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bib' in Wordnet: 2. bib - (a napkin tied under the chin of a child while eating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothNapkin . :Bible :wnsense "Bible1n", "Christian Bible1n" ; :wordnet "Bible", "Christian Bible" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """*The* ''Bible'' is the combined Hebrew Old testament ('Tanak') and Christian NewTestament. Other than the ''Gospel'' the individual parts are not yet (rev1553) represented separately. In WordNet the gloss is ambiguous, but is interpreted as meaning both texts combined. The Hebrew Bible should be represented separately, and as a part of this. @ToDo: this might be better as an Instance, but there may be more than one version. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Bible' in Wordnet: 1. (13) Bible, Christian Bible, Book, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture, Word of God, Word - (the sacred writings of the Christian religions; 'he went to carry the Word to the heathen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scripture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Christianity ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChristianGroup ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ] . :Biblical :pertainsTo :Bible ; :wnsense "biblical1adj", "biblical2adj", "scriptural1adj" ; :wordnet "biblical", "scriptural" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Biblical''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''Bible'' and to person and events narrated in the Bible, as well as styles of witing. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'biblical' in WordNet: 1. (8) biblical, scriptural - (of or pertaining to or contained in or in accordance with the Bible; 'biblical names'; 'biblical Hebrew') 2. biblical - (in keeping with the nature of the Bible or its times or people; 'biblical styles in writing'; 'a beard of biblical proportions'; 'biblical costumes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Bibliography :guid "be2b7723-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bibliography1n" ; :wordnet "bibliography" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of instances of #$ReferenceWork. Each instance of #$Bibliography sets forth references to other works for a particular purpose (e.g., surveying a particular discipline or collecting all of the works of a particular author). An instance of #$Bibliography may be a stand-alone work or may be a #$subWorks of some larger work (such as an article [#$Article-CW] or book [#$Book-CW].) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bibliography' in WordNet: 1. (2) bibliography - (a list of writings with time and place of publication (such as the writings of a single author or the works referred to in preparing a document etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, :ReferenceWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Citation ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :Bibulous :wnsense "bibulous1adj", "boozy1adj", "drunken1adj", "sottish1adj" ; :wordnet "bibulous", "boozy", "drunken", "sottish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bibulous' in Wordnet: 1. bibulous, boozy, drunken, sottish - (given to or marked by the consumption of alcohol; 'a bibulous fellow'; 'a bibulous evening'; 'his boozy drinking companions'; 'thick boozy singing'; 'a drunken binge'; 'two drunken gentlemen holding each other up'; 'sottish behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Biceps :guid "bd58f4a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "biceps1n" ; :wordnet "biceps" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The large muscle on the front of the upper arm. NOTE that the term is of plural form but is also interpreted in the sigular,and the term is also used as an adjective. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biceps' in WordNet: 1. (2) biceps - (any skeletal muscle having two origins (but especially the muscle that flexes the forearm)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkeletalMuscle, :StriatedMuscle . :Bickering :wnsense "bicker1n", "bicker1v", "bickering1n", "brabble1v", "fuss3n", "niggle2v", "pettifog1v", "pettifoggery1n", "quibble2v", "spat1n", "squabble1n", "squabble1v", "tiff1n" ; :wordnet "bicker", "bickering", "brabble", "fuss", "niggle", "pettifog", "pettifoggery", "quibble", "spat", "squabble", "tiff" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Bickering'' is a minor dispute over very small issues or differences. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bicker' in WordNet: 1. (1) quibble, niggle, pettifog, bicker, squabble, brabble - (argue over petty things; 'Let's not quibble over pennies') WN noun 'quibbling': 1. (1) bicker, bickering, spat, tiff, squabble, pettifoggery, fuss - (a quarrel about petty points) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisputeEvent, :VerbalArguingEvent . :Bicultural :en "bicultural" ; :pertainsTo :Culture ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bicultural'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to regions having two different cultures - especially linguistic or nationality, and pertains to people who have some identification with two cultures.. RHW: bicultural, adj. 1. of, pertaining to, or combining two cultures. 2. of or pertaining to biculturalism. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cultural . :Bicycle :guid "bd58e8d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bicycle" ; :wnsense "bicycle1n", "bike2n", "cycle6n", "wheel7n" ; :wordnet "bicycle", "bike", "cycle", "wheel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Bicycle is a specialization of #$WheeledTransportationDevice, #$MountableTransporter, #$Device-UserPowered, and #$Device-UserControlled. Each instance of #$Bicycle is a personal wheeled transport device powered by human peddling. Most bicycles have two main wheels arranged in-line, but some tandem bicycles have more than two wheels. The term 'wheel' is not common for a bicycle, but is in RHW: RHW 'wheel': 5. Informal. a bicycle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bicycle' in WordNet: 1. (5) bicycle, bike, wheel, cycle - (a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :MountableTransporter, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :SupportingWheel ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :BicyclePedal ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingaBicycle ; owl:onProperty :hasMannerOfUse ] . :BicyclePedal :en "bicycle pedal" ; :wnsense "pedal2n" ; :wordnet "pedal" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BicyclePedal'' ''WheelPedal'' is a ''Pedal'' that is one of two ''Pedal''s connected to a toothed disc that has a chain connnected around its front perimeter and also connected to a toothed disc on the axle of the rear wjheel, thus allowing torque from the pedals to transfer to the rear wheel and drive the biccle forward. WN does not distinguish this type of 'ped;' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pedal' in WordNet: 2. pedal, treadle, foot pedal, foot lever - (a lever that is operated with the foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WheelPedal . :BicycleRacing :wnsense "bicycle race1n" ; :wordnet "bicycle race" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BicycleRacing'' is the SportsEvent that requires ''Pedaling'' while''RidingaBicycle''.. It is the execution of the Sport ''Cycling''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bicycle race' in WordNet: 1. bicycle race - (a race between people riding bicycles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Racing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cycling ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bicycle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingaBicycle ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Bid :en "bid on a sale" ; :guid "bd591855-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bid2n", "offer2n", "offering1n", "tender2n" ; :wordnet "bid", "offer", "offering", "tender" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'BidOnSale' : A proposal formulated by a potential buyer, communicated to a potential seller. If accepted by both, may turn into a contract. This is not the action of ''Bidding'' (which see), but the abstract proposition created by ''Bidding''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bid' and part of 'offer' (for buying) in WordNet: 2. bid, tender - (a formal proposal to buy at a specified price) WN noun 'offer': 2. (2) offer, offering - (something offered (as a proposal or bid); 'noteworthy new offerings for investors included several index funds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proposal . :Bidder :wnsense "bidder1n" ; :wordnet "bidder" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bidder'' is someone who is ''Bidding'' or has bid on some item offered for sale. NOTE: the 'bid' made at cards (as in ''PlayingABridgeGame'')is not yet represented in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bidder' in WordNet: 1. (1) bidder - (someone who makes an offer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bidding ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Bidding :guid "bd5d0383-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bid1v", "bid3n", "offer7v", "tender2v", "tender3n" ; :wordnet "bid", "offer", "tender" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bidding'' is an ''OfferingToBuy'' that may be made in any of various situations, including formal auctions or one-on-one such as in the sale of a House, in either case subsequent to some ''OfferingForSale'' Action. The ''Bidding'' will include a proposed price and may include some conditions on the transaction, such as getting a guarantee or having the right to return the item and get the money back. 'make me an offer' 'I'll make him an offer he can't refuse' CYC: A specialization of #$RequestingToMakeASale and #$Proposing-CommunicationAct. Each instance of this collection is an act of communicating a #$BidOnSale to a potential buyer. See also #$GettingBids. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bid' in WordNet: 1. (6) offer, bid, tender - (propose a payment; 'The Swiss dealer offered $2 million for the painting') WN noun 'bid': 3. bid, tender - (a formal proposal to buy at a specified price) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfferingToBuy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bid ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bidder ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OfferingForSale ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Bifocals :guid "c06d48f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bifocals1n" ; :wordnet "bifocals" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each component ''EyeglassLens'' has two regions with different focal lengths. This can be represented by creating a subtype of ''EyeglassLens'' - @ToDo1519 NOTE: in CYC this is ''Eyewear-Prescription'' but non-prescription eyeglasses are sold 'over the counter'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bifocals' in WordNet: 1. bifocals - (eyeglasses having two focal lengths) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eyeglasses . :Big-Time :en "big-time" ; :enadj "big-time" ; :pertainsTo :TheBigTime ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Big-Time'' is a AttributeValue characterizing people or their careers as being highly successful, in ''TheBigTime''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BigCat :en "Panthera" ; :guid "bd58c452-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "big cat1n" ; :wordnet "big cat" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Large members of the Felidae family, lions, tigers, cheetahs, leopards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'big cat' in WordNet: 1. big cat, cat - (any of several large cats typically able to roar and living in the wild) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousAnimal, :Feline, :Predator . :BigDipper :hasComponentElement :Alioth, :Alkaid, :Dubhe, :Megrez, :Merak ; :wnsense "Big Dipper1n", "Charles's Wain1n", "Dipper3n", "Plough1n", "Wagon3n", "Wain2n" ; :wordnet "Big Dipper", "Charles's Wain", "Dipper", "Plough", "Wagon", "Wain" ; a :Constellation ; rdfs:comment """The ''BigDipper'' is one of the brightest and most easily recognized ''Constellation'' in the northern sky. The bightest stars form a pattern that an be interpreted as the outline of a 'dipper' (a ladle) with a deep cup and curved handle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Big Dipper' in WordNet: 1. Big Dipper, Dipper, Plough, Charles's Wain, Wain, Wagon - (a group of seven bright stars in the constellation Ursa Major) """ . :BigGroupOfVictims :en "big group of victims" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BigGroupOfVictims'' is a ''GroupOfVictims'' having at least 5 ''Victim''s (which are all animals, and usually people). This can be used to be more specific about ''UndesirableEvent''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfVictims, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GenericVictim ; owl:maxCardinality "5"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BigSuccess :wnsense "hit3n", "smash5n", "smasher3n" ; :wordnet "hit", "smash", "smasher" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BigSuccess' is a ''SuccessfulThing'' that achieves a popularity or audience that is greater than the average 'success' for its category, usually a CreativeWork of some kind (Book, Play, Movie, musical work). NOTE: the terms 'strike' and 'bang' do not seem to fit with this concept, and are omitted. . Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'hit' in WordNet: 3. (1) hit, smash, smasher, strike, bang - (a conspicuous success; 'that song was his first hit and marked the beginning of his career'; 'that new Broadway show is a real smasher'; 'the party went with a bang') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SuccessfulThing . :Bight :guid "be53f4da-24d5-41d7-85d4-9e86797c7fce" ; :wnsense "bight3n" ; :wordnet "bight" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An open body of water forming a slight recession in a coastline. A subtype of ''gulf'' but shallower - shoreline is less enclosing than a semicircle. ??How to say that?? Circular arc portions? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bight' in WordNet: 3. bight - (a broad bay formed by an indentation in the shoreline; 'the Bight of Benin'; 'the Great Australian Bight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater-Large, :Gulf . :Bigot :wnsense "bigot1n" ; :wordnet "bigot" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bigot'' is a ''Partisan'' who believes negative stereotypes about specific Groups of People. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bigot' in WordNet: 1. bigot - (a prejudiced person who is intolerant of any opinions differing from his own) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Partisan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bigoted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bigoted :isAnAttributeValueOf :Bigot ; :wnsense "bigoted1adj" ; :wordnet "bigoted" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bigoted' in Wordnet: 1. bigoted - (blindly and obstinately attached to some creed or opinion and intolerant toward others; 'a bigoted person'; 'an outrageously bigoted point of view') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Partial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bigotry ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Bigotry :wnsense "bigotry1n", "dogmatism1n" ; :wordnet "bigotry", "dogmatism" ; a :BeliefType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bigotry'' is a ''Bias'' that predisposes a Person to believe bad things about certain groups other than that to which the ''Bigot'' belongs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bigotry' in WordNet: 1. bigotry, dogmatism - (the intolerance and prejudice of a bigot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bias, :Intolerance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Bigot ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ] . :Bikini :guid "bd58907f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bikini2n" ; :wordnet "bikini" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Two-part swimsuit worn by adult females. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bikini' in WordNet: 2. bikini, two-piece - (a woman's very brief bathing suit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingOutfit, :SwimSuit, :WomensClothing . :Bilateral :pertainsTo :TwoAgentGroup ; :wnsense "bilateral2adj" ; :wordnet "bilateral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'bilateral' in Wordnet: 2. bilateral - (affecting or undertaken by two parties; 'a bilateral agreement between the United States and Japan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Joint . :BilateralObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An object that has an intrinsic front and back, or an intrinsic bottom and top, or an intrinsic left and right. (The 'or's here are of course inclusive.) See also the comments for the specializations #$FrontAndBackSidedObject, #$LeftAndRightSidedObject, #$TopAndBottomSidedObject, #$HexalateralObject. A perfectly smooth ball bearing is a negative example of a #$BilateralObject. On the other hand, a ball bearing with a dot painted on one side could be considered to have a well-defined front if, for example, the hemisphere centered around the dot were designated as the front side (see also #$NoteAboutSidedObject) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing . :BilaterallySymmetric :wnsense "bilateral1adj", "bilaterally symmetric1adj", "bilaterally symmetrical2adj", "isobilateral1adj" ; :wordnet "bilateral", "bilaterally symmetric", "bilaterally symmetrical", "isobilateral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BilaterallySymmetric'' is a subattribute of ''Symmetric'' that characterizes objects that have two sides each of which is a mirror image of the other. This does not require that the symmetry be exact, which would apply only to abstract geometric objects, but also applies to objects that present an impression of symmetry to an observer. This is used saliently to apply to organisms that have a plane of symmetry, as do most vertebrates. NOTE: for the form of symmetry that preserves the shape of an object whenrotated about an ''AxisOfSymmetry'' use ''RotationallySymmetric''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bilaterally symmetric' in Wordnet: 1. bilateral, isobilateral, bilaterally symmetrical, bilaterally symmetric - (having identical parts on each side of an axis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Symmetric . :BilaterallySymmetricObject :en "bilaterally symmetric object" ; :enn "bilaterally symmetric object" ; :guid "bd58b94b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SpatialThing. Each instance of #$BilaterallySymmetricObject is an object which is symmetric on both sides of a bisecting axis. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bilateral ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BilaterallySymmetric ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bile :wnsense "bile1n", "gall5n" ; :wordnet "bile", "gall" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DigestiveJuice'' is a ''DigestiveJuice'' is a ''Succus' (a juice) that is secreted to aid digestion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bile' in WordNet: 1. (1) bile, gall - (a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigestiveJuice . :Bilingual :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :SpeakingTwoLanguagesFluently ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inexperienced, :Unskilled ; :wnsense "bilingual1adj" ; :wordnet "bilingual" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bilingual'' is a type of being 'Skilled' in which a person can speak well (not necessarily as flently as a native speaker) in two languages. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bilingual' in WordNet: 1. (1) bilingual - (using or knowing two languages; 'bilingual education') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skilled . :Bill-PaymentRequest :guid "bd58d7b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bill" ; :wnsense "account7n", "bill2n", "invoice1n" ; :wordnet "account", "bill", "invoice" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type is for Physical documents. An e-mail requesting payment would not be an instance. @ToDo: how to represent an email of the same content?? A specialization of #$TextualMaterial. Each instance of #$Bill-PaymentRequest is a written notification of a demand or request made by a creditor (or its agent) to a debtor, for payment of a debt (see #$PaymentObligation) previously incurred for some loan, goods, or services. Instances of #$Bill-PaymentRequest include telephone bills, tax bills, department store bills, cleaning bills, and fuel bills. Note that this collection includes only actual physical copies of bills - for the information contained in a given bill (which might be reproduced in more than one physical copy of it), see #$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT. Nor is this mere piece of paper to be construed as the actual request (or demand) for money (for which see collections such as #$Requesting-CommunicationAct). See also the predicate #$owesDebts. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bill' in WordNet: 2. (230) bill, account, invoice - (an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered; 'he paid his bill and left'; 'send me an account of what I owe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RequestingPayment ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PaymentRequestContent ] . :BillOfImpeachment :wnsense "impeachment1n" ; :wordnet "impeachment" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BillOfImpeachment'' is a formal document representing an ''Impeachment'', which is the ''LingisticAssertion'' alleging that some ''PublicOfficial'' has committed an act justifying removal from office. The specifics of who creaes this and how vary with the jurisdiction. This is a mechanism for removing PublicOfficials from office when no other mechanism is provided by a Government rule, or used as an alternative for other mechanisms that are not being used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impeachment' in WordNet: 1. impeachment - (a formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalGovernmentOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impeachment ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :BillOfIndictment :wnsense "bill of indictment1n", "indictment1n" ; :wordnet "bill of indictment", "indictment" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BillOfIndictment'' is a formal document representing an ''Indictment'' (the ''LingisticAssertion'' alleging a crime). This is created by some Person(s) in a ''DepartmentOfJustice'' in any jurisdiction - the actual name of such a department will vary with jurisdiction and language. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bill of indictment' in WordNet: 1. indictment, bill of indictment - (a formal document written for a prosecuting attorney charging a person with some offense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :DepartmentOfJustice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indictment ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indicting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Billboard :guid "bd589f94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "billboard1n", "hoarding1n", "sign4n", "signboard1n" ; :wordnet "billboard", "hoarding", "sign", "signboard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: this includes eh WN parent type 'signboard, sign' - not clear how that differs from an outdoor billboard - size?. ('hoarding' is British usage.) Includes noun sense 1 of 'billboard' in WordNet: 1. billboard, hoarding - (large outdoor signboard) WN 'signboard': 1. signboard, sign -- (structure displaying a board on which advertisements can be posted; \"the highway was lined with signboards\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :NoticeSign, :OutdoorObject . :BilliardBall :guid "bfacf4f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "billiard ball1n" ; :wordnet "billiard ball" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of balls used in playing pool or billiards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'billiard ball' in WordNet: 1. billiard ball - (ball used in playing billiards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ball, :GameArtifact, :ManufacturedGoods, :SportsEquipment . :Billionaire :wnsense "billionaire1n" ; :wordnet "billionaire" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Billionaire'' is a ''Millionaire'' (a ''WealthyPerson'') with net assets of ''OveraBillionDollars''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'billionaire' in WordNet: 1. billionaire - (a very rich person whose material wealth is valued at more than a billion dollars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Millionaire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OveraBillionDollars ; owl:onProperty :owns ] . :Bin :wnsense "bin1n" ; :wordnet "bin" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Bin' is a container that can be small or large or have a lid or not have a lid but is usually not intended to be portable. . In some commercial establishments objects of a particular type are kept in one of a number of different 'bins' to make access convenient. A 'trash bin' can be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bin' in WordNet: 1. (2) bin - (a container; usually has a lid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoInches ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumWidth ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonPortable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Binary :en "either-or" ; :pertainsTo :BinaryNumber, :EitherOrChoice ; :wnsense "binary1adj" ; :wordnet "binary" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Binary'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' that pertains to ''BinaryNumber''s and also to any Group that contains two elements. The term 'either-or' is very similar and is included in this attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'binary' in Wordnet: 1. binary - (of or pertaining to a number system have 2 as its base; 'a binary digit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MutuallyExclusive . :BinaryNumber a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Elements from the number system with base 2. Every BinaryNumber is expressed as a sequence of the digits 1 and 0. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealNumber . :BinaryString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BinaryString is an AbstractString consisting only of the symbols 1 or 0, or some other equivalent pairs of symbols."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumberString . :Binder :guid "be0ff964-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToContain :SheetOfPaper ; :wnsense "binder3n" ; :wordnet "binder" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Binder'' is a container for storing sheets of paper or thin bound groups of sheets, including magazines. This includes ring binders, folders with or without a flap, and hard-sided holders shaped like a large book, but with one end that is permantently open or can be closed over. Very broad, but only for sheet-like objects. NOTE:ring-binder would be a subtype - add when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'binder' in WordNet: 3. binder, ring-binder - (holds loose papers or magazines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfPaper ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Bindery :wnsense "bindery1n" ; :wordnet "bindery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bindery'' is a ''Workshop' where books are bound (by hand). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bindery' in WordNet: 1. bindery - (a workshop where books are bound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Workshop, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardboundBook ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bookbinding ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Bindi :en "bindi" ; :enn "bindi" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bindi'' is a 'Mark' on the forehead of a Person (usually a woman), most commonly in India. It is typically red and approximately circular, seldom larger than 2 centimeters. Wikipedia: A bindi (Hindi: from Sanskrit bindu, meaning \" point, drop, dot or small particle \") is a coloured dot worn on the centre of the forehead, originally by Hindus and Jains from the Indian subcontinent. The word bindu dates back to the hymn of creation known as Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda. Bindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity. It is also described as \"the sacred symbol of the cosmos in its unmanifested state\". A bindi is a bright dot of some colour applied in the centre of the forehead close to the eyebrows worn in the Indian subcontinent (particularly amongst Hindus in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka) and Southeast Asia among Balinese, Javanese, Malaysian, Singaporean and Burmese Hindus. A similar marking is also worn by babies and children in China and, like in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, represents the opening of the third eye. Bindi in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism is associated with ajna chakra, and Bindu is known as the third eye chakra. Bindu is the point or dot around which the mandala is created, representing the universe. The bindi has a historical and cultural presence in the region of Greater India. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousForeheadMark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dot ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Red ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Binding :en "binding" ; :ldoce "bind" ; :wnsense "bind8v", "bind9v" ; :wordnet "bind" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Binding' is an Action in which two or more objects are combined into a single object by some process which may be as simple as tying a string around the group of objects (as in creating a bundle of twigs or bundle of old newspapers for recycling). Stapling, putting into a ring binder, or commercial book binding are examples. Some instances of 'Adhering' may be caused by the act of 'Binding' (as when the act of 'Binding' uses glue or cement to bond objects).. Includes but is broader than verb senses 8 and 9 of 'bind' in WordNet; see 'Adhering' for another sense of 'bind': in WordNet: 8. bind - (provide with a binding; 'bind the books in leather') 9. tie, bind - (fasten or secure with a rope, string, or cord; 'They tied their victim to the chair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assembling . :BindingAgreement :ldoce "agreement", "arrangement" ; :wnsense "agreement1n", "agreement4n", "arrangement1n" ; :wordnet "agreement", "arrangement" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Agreement in which the AgreeingAgents commit to Action (or inaction) in such a way as to create an Obligation, whether or not legally enforceable (if not, it may be 'enforceable' by moral authority). OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of 'objects' with temporal extent. Each instance of #$Agreement involves two or more parties, who agree that certain propositions should be true. Making the propositions true may require some action or commitment of wealth on the part of one or more of the #$agreeingAgents. Thus, instances of #$Agreement will usually involve some instances of #$Obligation. Note: Instances of #$Agreement and #$Obligation differ, however, in that an #$obligatedAgent is responsible for the truth of all of the propositions in an obligation. In an #$Agreement, some agents may not be responsible for all of the propositions in the agreement being true. For example, in a loan agreement, the borrower agrees to give the lender back the money, but the borrower is the only #$obligatedAgent for the repayment. Note that #$obligatedAgents need not be among the #$agreeingAgents in the agreement that involves or generates the obligation. For example, the Board of Directors of XYZCorporation may agree that some non-director will assume the post and duties of President of XYZCorporation. Moreover, #$agreeingAgents aren't always #$obligatedAgents; e.g., Wanda and Paul may agree that Paul alone is obligated to do some task. Examples include instances of #$PeaceAccord, #$LegalAgreement, #$InformalAgreement, #$BusinessPartnershipAgreement, #$WorkAgreement, #$SalesAgreement, #$MaintenanceAgreement, #$Reservation, #$Appointment, etc. Includes noun sense 1, and 4 of 'agreement' and sense 1 of 'arrangement' in WordNet: 1. (9) agreement, understanding - (the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises; 'they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business'; 'there was an understanding between management and the workers') 4. (2) agreement, arrangement - (the thing arranged or agreed to; 'they made arrangements to meet in Chicago') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingAnAgreement ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :BindingToAnotherPerson :wnsense "attach4v", "bind2v", "bond2v", "tie6v" ; :wordnet "attach", "bind", "bond", "tie" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BindingToAnotherPerson'' is an Action performed by one Person that produces a ''PersonalBonding'' with another Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bind' in WordNet: 2. (4) bind, tie, attach, bond - (create social or emotional ties; 'The grandparents want to bond with the child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelatingToAnotherPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonalBonding ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Bingo :wnsense "bingo1n", "keno1n", "lotto1n" ; :wordnet "bingo", "keno", "lotto" ; a :GameType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This WN type seems to cover several distinguishable games. All are included; subtypes can be created as needed. This type includes the type of 'lotto' sold as cards or tickets, with winning tickets determined by a drawing at which the players do not need to be present. That could be one separate subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bingo' in WordNet: 1. lotto, bingo, beano, keno - (a game in which numbered balls are drawn at random and players cover the corresponding numbers on their cards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoardGame . :Binocular :pertainsTo :BinocularVision ; :wnsense "binocular1adj" ; :wordnet "binocular" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Binocular'' refers to things that use or require ''BothEyes'' on the same animal, most commonly used to refer to ''BinocularVision'' in which depth perception is achieved by the different angles of view of the two eyes on the same animal. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'binocular' in Wordnet: 1. binocular - (relating to both eyes; 'binocular vision') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BinocularVision :wnsense "binocular vision1n" ; :wordnet "binocular vision" ; a :AttributeValueType, :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BinocularVision'' is a ''SenseOfVision'' (a ''Capability'') that allows depth perception and approximate sense of three-dimensionality by the use of two eyes (on the same animal) This is an AttributeType of animals *or* sophisticated artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect light patterns emitted from objects and process and interpret them to determine what kinds of objects are in the visual field, and where they are located in three-dimensional space.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'binocular vision' in WordNet: 1. binocular vision - (vision involving the use of both eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SenseOfVision, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Binocular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Binoculars :guid "bd58b548-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "binoculars1n" ; :wordnet "binoculars" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'binoculars' in WordNet: 1. (1) binoculars, field glasses, opera glasses - (an optical instrument designed for simultaneous use by both eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :LensedOpticalDevice, :SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnifying ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :BioTechnology :en "biotech" ; :enn "biotech" ; :wnsense "biotechnology1n" ; :wordnet "biotechnology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BioTechnology'' is a branch of ''MolecularBiology'' that studies, among other things, methods to use DNA to modify the genes of organisms, including animals and even people, for industrial or medical purposes. Production of other macromolecules such as RNA and proteins are included. DNA synthesis and DNA sequence analysis are also included in this FieldOfStudy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biotechnology' in WordNet: 1. biotechnology - (the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes; 'biotechnology produced genetically altered bacteria that solved the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MolecularBiology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MacroMolecularSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Bioassay :wnsense "bio-assay1n", "bioassay1n" ; :wordnet "bio-assay", "bioassay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bioassay'' is a ''ExperimentalTest'' in which some substance is administered to an Organism to determine how that Organism reacts to the presence of that substance in its body. NOTE that this kind of test includes testing substances for their effects on MicroLifeForms such as measuring the antibacterial effects of potential antibacterial agents. In this kind of test, often a 'control' of some kind is performed such as doing a mock test with a placebo. But that is not always needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bioassay' in WordNet: 1. (2) bioassay, bio-assay - (appraisal of the biological activity of a substance by testing its effect on an organism and comparing the result with some agreed standard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingSomething, :ExperimentalTest, :Measuring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organism :OrganismType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodilyResponse ] . :BiochemicalCompound :en "biochemical", "biochemical compound" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BiochemicalCompound'' is an ''OrganicSubstance'' and a ''CarbonCompound'' (a chemically defined substance) produced naturally by some ''Organism''. Such compounds are also produced by synthetic chemistry, but they are nevertheless categorized as a ''BiochemicalCompound'' regardless of the method of production of any given quantity of such a substance, and regardless of where it happens to be. It does not necessarily perform a function within the Organism . No WN sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarbonCompound, :NaturalTangibleStuff, :OrganicCompound, :OrganicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ] . :BiochemicalReaction a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BiochemicalReaction' is a 'ChemicalReaction' catalysed by one or more enzymes, whether in or outside of a cell.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalReaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enzyme ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :BiochemicalReactionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some class of '''BiochemicalReaction''' as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalReactionType . :BiochemicalWeapon a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A WeaponOfMassDestruction that is either a BiologicalWeapon or a ChemicalWeapon, i.e. not a RadioactiveWeapon..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeaponOfMassDestruction ; owl:disjointWith :NuclearWeapon . :BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Collection. Instances are portions of substances that are harmful to people.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Harmful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Biochemist :guid "bd58fba4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "biochemist1n" ; :wordnet "biochemist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One skilled at, educated in, or practicing Biochemistry. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biochemist' in WordNet: 1. biochemist - (someone with special training in biochemistry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chemist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Biochemistry ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Biochemistry :wnsense "biochemistry1n" ; :wordnet "biochemistry" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The branch of Chemistry dealing with the chemical processes in living cells, and the structure, function, and properties of the substancs produced by living cells. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biochemistry' in WordNet: 1. (1) biochemistry - (the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occuring in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chemistry . :Biodiversity :wnsense "biodiversity1n" ; :wordnet "biodiversity" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Biodiversity'' is the state of something that is ''Diverse''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biodiversity' in WordNet: 1. biodiversity - (the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat (or in the world as a whole); 'a high level of biodiversity is desirable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diversity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diverse ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Biofeedback :guid "bfd02b2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "biofeedback1n" ; :wordnet "biofeedback" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biofeedback' in WordNet: 1. biofeedback - (a training program in which a person is given information about physiological processes (heart rate or blood pressure) that is not normally available with the goal of gaining conscious control of them) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProfessionalServicing, :TherapeuticProcess, :TrainingAnAgent . :Biographer :guid "be621cc9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "biographer1n" ; :wordnet "biographer" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Biographer'' is a Person who has written at least one ''Biography'' that has been published and sold somewhere. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biographer' in WordNet: 1. biographer - (someone who writes an account of a person's life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Writer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAuthorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Biography ] . :BiographicalSketch :en "biographical sketch", "short biography" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BiographicalSketch'' is a short ''Biography'' intended to gove only the outline and salient events of a Person's life. Examples of this are found in ''Obituary''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biography, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sketchy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BiographicalTopic a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BiographicalTopic' is any Topic that can be expected to occur in a Biography. This includes a person's geneology, education, employment, writings, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Topic . :Biography :guid "bed9f831-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "biography1n", "life history1n", "life story1n", "life8n" ; :wordnet "biography", "life", "life history", "life story" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of instances of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each instance of #$Biography is a narrative containing information about the life of some #$Person. SUMO: A HistoricalAccount which is concerned with the life of a single Human. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biography' in WordNet: 1. (3) biography, life, life story, life history - (an account of the series of events making up a person's life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HistoricalNarrative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAuthoredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Biographer ] . :Biological :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BiologicalLivingObject :BiologicalEvent :BiologicalWeapon :BiologicalReplication :BiologicalFunction :Biology :BiologicalOrderType ) ] ; :wnsense "biologic1adj", "biological1adj" ; :wordnet "biologic", "biological" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Biological'' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance to ''Biology'' or ''LifeForm''s or the functions of or processes in a ''LifeForm''. In some way; of or pertaining to ''Biology''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biological' in WordNet: 1. (12) biological, biologic - (pertaining to biology or to life and living things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BiologicalAttribute :takesValue :BiologicalAttributeValue ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any AttributeType specific to Organisms." ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :BiologicalAttributeValue a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some AttributeValue specific to Organisms. This is very general.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :BiologicalChild :en "biological child" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BiologicalRelation is a PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent where the Event is the birth of a Person to either a woman who bore that child in her womb (regardless of whether she shares a a genetic component with the child). The person having a ''BiologicalChild'' may be the birth other or the genetic father. ..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalRelation, :ChildRole, :SonOrDaughter . :BiologicalDaughter :en "biological daughter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BiologicalSon'' is a female ''BiologicalChild''. ..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalChild, :Daughter . :BiologicalDecompositionEvent :guid "bd58b294-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent, some living structures are decomposed.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDestructionEvent, :Decomposing . :BiologicalDestructionEvent :guid "bd58b316-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent and #$BiologicalProcess. In each instance of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent, some instance(s) of #$BiologicalLivingObject (q.v.) are destroyed. Notable specializations of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent include #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent, #$DigestionEvent, and #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalChange, :PhysicalDestructionEvent . :BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The parent type of Attributes that indicate the stage of development of a LifeForm (usually an Organism). Subtypes are for example 'Larval', 'Fetal'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue, :DevelopmentalAttributeValue . :BiologicalDevelopmentEvent :guid "bd58d906-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO a 'BiologicalDevelopmentEvent' is an Event during which some change in the form of an organism occurs; Each new new 'BiologicalDevelopmentState' is caused by and immediately succeeds a 'BiologicalDevelopmentEvent'. Each BiologicalDevelopmentState has an AttributeValue that is a subtype of 'StageOfDevelopment' A 'BiologicalLifeStage' is a TimeInterval during the lifetime of an Organism that coincides with a 'BiologicalDevelopmentState', when the form is relatively stable, except perhaps for growth in size; None of these four types (BiologicalDevelopmentState, BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, BiologicalLifeStage and StageOfDevelopment) are related by subsumption in either direction to any of the other three, but they are related by some relations, not yet (r875) formalized CYC: A collection of events, and a subcollection of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. In each instance of #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, one or more living things undergo biological changes in which they progress from one developmental stage to another. For example, the germination of a seed, the opening of a flower, the pupating of a caterpillar, a teenager reaching puberty. Some borderline non-examples include: Groucho Marx being born, Groucho Marx dying. A notable specialization of this collection is #$BiologicalMaturationEvent. Note that the distinction between this collection and #$BiologicalProductionEvent is not always sharp, but instances of #$BiologicalProductionEvent are distinguished insofar as the event in question produces a reasonably distinct entity from start to finish.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BiologicalEvent, :Development, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BiologicalDevelopmentState ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :BiologicalDevelopmentStage :ldoce "stage" ; :wnsense "stage2n" ; :wordnet "stage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BiologicalDevelopmentStage' is a subtype of 'StageOfDevelopment', being the PersistentEvent and AttributeType whose values express some level of development for a LifeForm, such as 'Fetal' or 'Newborn' or 'Mature'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'stage' in WordNet, specific for life forms: 3. (130) degree, level, stage, point - (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; 'a remarkable degree of frankness'; 'at what stage are the social sciences?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StageOfDevelopment . :BiologicalDevelopmentState :ldoce "stage" ; :wnsense "stage1n" ; :wordnet "stage" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BiologicalDevelopmentState' is a PersistentState (a subtype of Event) of some LifeForm that precedes or succeeds another BiologicalDevelopmentState of the same Organism, separated by a 'BiologicalDevelopmentEvent'. The instances of this type are the distinctive states of a individual Organism that are referred to by an AttributeValue that is a subtype of 'StageOfdevelopment' . Each 'BiologicalDevelopmentState' is a ProcessStage in the progression of developmental states for that Organism. COSMO note: in COSMO each new new 'BiologicalDevelopmentState' is caused by and immediately succeeds a 'BiologicalDevelopmentEvent'. Each BiologicalDevelopmentState has an AttributeValue that is a subtype of 'StageOfDevelopment' A 'BiologicalLifeStage' is a TimeInterval during the lifetime of an Organism that coincides with a 'BiologicalDevelopmentState', when the form is relatively stable, except perhaps for growth in size; None of these four types (BiologicalDevelopmentState, BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, BiologicalLifeStage and StageOfDevelopment) are related by subsumption in either direction to any of the other three, but they are related by some relations, not yet (r875) formalized. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'stage' in WordNet, specifically for biological stages of development (WordNet does not have an entry close to this meaning): in WordNet: 1. (266) phase, stage - - (any distinct time period in a sequence of events; 'we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalEvent, :PhysicalSituation, :ProcessStage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :LifeForm ] . :BiologicalEvent :guid "bd5902b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BiologicalProcess (q.v.) instances of which are non-deliberately done by biological organisms. Each instance of #$BiologicalEvent is a biological process that has an instance of #$Organism-Whole as a bodily doer (see #$bodilyDoer). Processes that may be performed by parts of an organism are under 'PhysiologicalProcess'. Note that not all physical events that have bodily doers are #$BiologicalEvents; they might (e.g.) be #$PhysiologicalConditions that are not biological events. Thus, having a bodily doer is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for being an instance of #$BiologicalEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimateActivity . :BiologicalEvolution :wnsense "evolution2n", "evolve2v" ; :wordnet "evolution", "evolve" ; a :AgentType, :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is 'Evolution' as an Event, not as a FunctionalProcess (which is another view of Evolution). 'Evolution' is a 'Group' of events, each of which is a change ('BecomingEvent'). This concept captures the notion of a significant change as the end result of a number of smaller changes. This is a Group of Events, and within this group must be at least one instance of ''NaturalSelection''. (do we need a type for ''NaturalSelection''?) Corresponds to the specialized sense 2 of 'evolution' and verb sense 2 of 'evolve' in Wordnet: 2. evolution, organic evolution, phylogeny, phylogenesis - ((biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evolution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :NaturalSelection ] . :BiologicalFamily :guid "bd58cb2c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below #$BiologicalOrder (or #$BiologicalSuborder) and above #$BiologicalGenus. Especially important in Botanical classification.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalTaxonType . :BiologicalFather :ldoce "father" ; :wnsense "father1n" ; :wordnet "father" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The man who supplied the sperm to fertilize the egg that developed into a Person, whether the egg was fertilized naturally or by in vitro fertilization. If clones become possible, this will apply to the male who donated half the genetic components of some person's genome - identical for all clones regardless of the number of cloning steps from the initial biological fertilization. WordNet does not distinguish biological from other fathers: Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'father' in WordNet: 1. (72) father, male parent, begetter - (a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father); 'his father was born in Atlanta') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalRelation, :Father . :BiologicalFunction a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BiologicalFunction is a Capability of some biological organism or part of an organism that was created by evolution. That capability may not have been specifically selected for by Evolution; it may have co-evolved with another Capability that was selected for. BFO Definition of 'Function' (closer to 'DesignFunction': A realizable entity that is a characteristic end-directed activity of a continuant entity in virtue of that continuant entity being a specific kind of entity in a specific context. Examples: the function of a birth canal to enable transport, the function of the heart to pump blood, the function of reproduction in the transmission of genetic material, the function of digestion to nutriate the body, the function of radiation in neutralizing cancer cells. COSMO note: A Function is a capability inherent in an Artifact or naturally evolved System, which may be realized in a physical Event or Action. The relation between this capability and the actual physical action is 'wasRealizedByAction'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesignFunction ; owl:disjointWith :Role, :Tendency . :BiologicalGenus :guid "bd589a9f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "genus2n" ; :wordnet "genus" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions (see #$BiologicalTaxon) created below #$BiologicalFamily and above #$BiologicalSpecies. Sometimes, hybrids are possible between different instances of #$BiologicalSpecies that belong to the same #$BiologicalGenus. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'genus' in WordNet: 2. (1) genus - ((biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalTaxonType . :BiologicalIntakeEvent :en "intake of a substance" ; :guid "bd588866-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TranslationAlongInternalLivingStructure. In each instance of #$BiologicalIntakeEvent, some object(s) are taken into some living structure. This includes absorption of nutrients by plants from the ground and getting an injection of some stuff, as well as eating or drinking or inhaling a substance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposureToSubstance, :TransferIn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrganismType :Organism ) ] ] . :BiologicalLivingObject :guid "bd58a6ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: as of version 0.49, this category is not properly represented. COSMO has 'Corpse' as a subtype of 'BiologicalLivingObject' (BLO) and these need to be distinguished. COSMO note: The COSMO usage differs from CYC: in COSMO a part of a BLO (''OrganismPart'') does not have to be *still* on the BLO,nor does it have to be 'alive' - it just has to have been on a living Organism at some time, and still needs to be recognizably composed mostly of cells and attached body materials. So ''PlantPart'' can be the useful part of a plant that is harvested and sold for food or other purposes. @ToDo: this needs to be considered further and possibly differentiated. Not clear for what purpose a ''BLO'' needs to be alive. An ''Organism'' can be alive. Perhaps parts 'in situ' are useful? (''BloodObjectInSitu'' is an example). Cyc: The collection of all structures that are composed of one or more living cells (see #$Cell). Note that this can be solid or liquid, because blood and lymph are composed of cells. Biological living objects (or BLO s) might either be instances of #$Organism-Whole (like dogs or pine trees) or components of such whole living organisms (like noses, tails, and pine needles). The healthy leg of a living person is a BLO (as is the person), but an amputated leg is not a BLO. Almost every instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject is either capable of biological reproduction itself or has components which are capable of biological reproduction (such as the cells in a living arm). Red blood cells are abnormal instances of BLO in that they cannot reproduce.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpaqueObject, :OrganicObject . :BiologicalOrderType :CYC "BiologicalOrder" ; :guid "bd58e329-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'BiologicalOrder': A specialization of #$BiologicalTaxon. Each instance of #$BiologicalOrder is an immediate subdivision of some instance of #$BiologicalClass or #$BiologicalSubclass (qq.v.). Instances of #$BiologicalOrder include #$CarnivoreOrder, #$Monotreme, and #$Primate. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalTaxonType . :BiologicalOrganType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """BiologicalOrganType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that pertain to named parts of organisms at particular stages of their life cycle. It is not necessarily an animal body part type - it may be part of a plant.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType . :BiologicalProductionEvent :guid "bd58c40f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PhysicalCreationEvent and #$BiologicalEvent. In each instance of #$BiologicalProductionEvent, raw materials are combined to produce a product, and at least one instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject (q.v.) is the producer. Specializations of #$BiologicalProductionEvent include #$SecretionEvent and #$BiologicalReproductionEvent. Note that the distinction between this collection and #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent is not always sharp, but instances of #$BiologicalProductionEvent are distinguished insofar as the event in question produces a reasonably distinct entity from start to finish. Thus, #$FlowerDevelopmentEvent is an instance of #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent although some case could be made for it being an instance of #$BiologicalProductionEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalEvent, :PhysicalCreationEvent, :Production-Generic . :BiologicalRelation :wnsense "relation3n", "relative1n" ; :wordnet "relation", "relative" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BiologicalRelation is a PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent where the Event is the birth of an organism as the biological descendent of another organism, thereby creating permanent relations between the newly born organism and its ancestors and its other genetically related organisms, such as (in the case of people) the aunts, uncles, grandparents, siblings, cousins, etc. Kinship by marriage is included, as in aunts and uncles. A non-genetic relation included as a subtype of this category is the Role of BirthMother, which usually has but doesn't have to have a genetic component.. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'relative' (a biological reltive, related by blood line) in WordNet: 1. (8) relative, relation - ( a person related by blood or marriage; 'police are searching for relatives of the deceased'; 'he has distant relations back in New Jersey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Kinsman . :BiologicalReplication :ldoce "copy" ; :wnsense "copy3v", "replicate2v", "replication2n" ; :wordnet "copy", "replicate", "replication" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Replicating the whole or part of some information-bearing object in a biological system, by biological or biochemical means. Cell multiplication, DNA replication, RNA transcription of DNA are all included. 'Copying' is usually used linguistically only for genetic information. NOTE that the reproduction of a whole organism is only a 'BiologicalReplication' for organisms such as bacteria that do not (usually) reproduce sexually, and make an (approximately) exact copy of the parent. See also 'BiologicalReproductionEvent' for that process. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'copy' and sense 2 of 'replicate' and noun sense 2 of 'replication' in WordNet; this is only for biological replication - reproduction of artifacts is under 'IBTCopying': in WordNet: 3. replicate, copy - (reproduce or make an exact copy of; 'replicate the cell'; 'copy the genetic information') WN 'replication': 2. replication - ((genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalProductionEvent, :IBTGeneration-Replication . :BiologicalReproductionEvent :guid "bd58d8c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "multiply" ; :wnsense "breed4v", "breeding5n", "multiply3v", "multiply4v", "procreate1v", "procreation1n", "reproduce2v", "reproduction1n", "reproduction5n" ; :wordnet "breed", "breeding", "multiply", "procreate", "procreation", "reproduce", "reproduction" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BiologicalProductionEvent. Each instance of #$BiologicalReproductionEvent is an event in which one or more instances of #$BiologicalLivingObject (q.v.) (related to the event by #$parentActors) produce at least one new instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject (related to the event by #$offspringActors), generally of the same kind as the parents. Notable specializations of #$BiologicalReproductionEvent include #$AsexualReproductionEvent and #$SexualReproductionEvent. In SUMO called 'Replication': SUMO: The Process of biological reproduction. This can be either a sexual or an asexual process. Includes senses 1 and 5 of 'reproduction' and verb senses 3 and 4 of 'multiply' in WordNet: 1. (1) reproduction - (the process of generating offspring) 5. reproduction, procreation, breeding, facts of life - (the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring) WN verb 'multiply': 3. (1) breed, multiply - (have young (animals); 'pandas rarely breed in captivity') 4. reproduce, procreate, multiply - (have offspring or young; 'The deer in our neighborhood reproduce madly'; 'The Catholic Church tells people to procreate, no matter what their economic situation may be') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, :BiologicalProductionEvent, :BodilyFunctionEvent, :Multiplying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isaCapabilityOf ] . :BiologicalSibling :wnsense "sibling1n" ; :wordnet "sibling" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BiologicalSibling who is a brother or sister, including half-brothers or half-sisters. BiologicalSiblings have at least one biological parent in common. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sibling' in WordNet: 1. sibling, sib - (a person's brother or sister) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalRelation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSiblingOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :BiologicalSon :en "biological son" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BiologicalSon'' is a male ''BiologicalChild''. ..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalChild, :Son . :BiologicalSpecies :guid "bd58caeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "species1n" ; :wordnet "species" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """BiologicalSpecies is a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of biological species as one of their arguments. Cyc: An instance of #$BiologicalTaxonType. Each instance of #$BiologicalSpecies is the most general taxon from which two breeding organisms of appropriate sexes can conceivably produce fertile offspring, or, in the case of asexual reproduction, is conventionally defined. Members of different species of animals cannot produce fertile offspring by interbreeding. If there are only two breeds of a given species and one breed becomes extinct, the second breed by virtue of that fact becomes an instance of #$BiologicalSpecies - since the only organisms instances can breed with to produce fertile offspring are, at that point, members of that collection. An instance of #$BiologicalSpecies has members who all have significant traits in common, and members of each biological species have other members as parents. Exceptions occur when a species is conventionally defined to start since parenthood could conceivably be traced back billions of years, yet new species came into existence. In biological taxonomy, related species are grouped into a particular instance of #$BiologicalGenus. Some genera have only a single species, but they remain different taxons. SUMO: The Class of all biological species, i.e. the class of all classes of Organism whose instances can interbreed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'species' in WordNet: 1. (27) species - ((biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalTaxonType . :BiologicalSubclass :guid "bd58cba7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions more specific than #$BiologicalClass but more general than #$BiologicalOrder.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalTaxonType . :BiologicalSubspecies :guid "c0b6222b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BiologicalTaxon whose instances are more restrictive than those of #$BiologicalSpecies. Each instance of #$BiologicalSubspecies is a specialization of some instance of #$BiologicalSpecies. Members of different subspecies of the same species can produce fertile offspring by interbreeding; but such offspring are not members of either of the parental subspecies, although they are members of the common species. All instances of a given biological subspecies have significant traits or collections of traits in common that are not shared by all other members of the subsuming species. A #$BiologicalSubspecies is formed by inbreeding of a restricted group of members of the same species. This can happen naturally through geographic isolation or intentionally through controlled reproduction to create, for example, dog breeds or crop strains.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalTaxonType . :BiologicalSurvival :isaSynonymOf :LivingProcess ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Just another term of the process of 'Living'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :BiologicalTaxonType :guid "bd58e2e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$OrganismClassificationType (q.v.). Instances of #$BiologicalTaxon correspond to ranked categories accepted by biologists for the classification of organisms according to their suspected evolutionary relationships. Such categories change as biologists learn more about the organisms involved and determine that existing classifications are more or less useful. They include all levels of taxons. Specializations of #$BiologicalTaxon include #$BiologicalOrder and #$BiologicalSpecies; instances include #$Marsupial and #$Ape. See also #$BiologicalTaxonType. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismType . :BiologicalTest a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BiologicalTest'' is AnalyticalTest is an ''ExperimentalTest'' intended to determine the presence and/or concentration of a ''MicroLifeForm'' (microbe or virus) in a sample of some material.. This can be performed on a biological sample drawn from an Organism, or on any other sample, such as the water in a water supply or a sample in some natural location. The method can be of any type, such as DNA analysis to determine the presence of an organism with a particular genetic structure, or adding a sample with microbes to a growth medium to """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingSomething, :ExperimentalTest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organism :OrganismType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConcentrationMeasure ] . :BiologicalWeapon :guid "bf7649f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bioarm1n", "biological weapon1n", "bioweapon1n" ; :wordnet "bioarm", "biological weapon", "bioweapon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Weapons which contain a sample of biological agent (#$Bacterium, #$Virus, #$Fungus). This collection includes body parts of plague victims catapulted into cities in the Middle Ages and smallpox infected blankets given to Native Americans, as well as crop-infecting sprays from crop dusting planes and purified bacterial strains released from explosive devices or sprayers. Because these #$Weapons are inexpensive compared to traditional armaments, poor countries can compete with wealthy countries in the manufacture of such weapons and threatened use of them for deterrant purposes. SUMO: Weapons which contain a sample of ToxicOrganism or a BiologicallyActiveSubstance that is produced by a ToxicOrganism (or a synthetic analogue of the latter) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biological weapon' in WordNet: 1. bioweapon, biological weapon, bioarm - (any weapon usable in biological warfare; \"they feared use of the smallpox virus as a bioweapon\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalWeapon . :BiologicallyActiveSubstance :en "biologically active substance" ; :enn "biologically active substance" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance, not an object, that may be beneficial or harmful or innocuous, but in any case has some effect on the physiological functioning of an organism. SUMO: A Substance that is capable of inducing a change in the structure or functioning of an Organism. This Class includes Substances used in the treatment, diagnosis, prevention or analysis of normal and abnormal body function. This Class also includes Substances that occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically. Finally, BiologicallyActiveSubstance includes Nutrients, most drugs of abuse, and agents that require special handling because of their toxicity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :Biologist :guid "bd58a445-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "biologist1n", "life scientist1n" ; :wordnet "biologist", "life scientist" ; a :HumanRoleType, :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: #$Scientist that studies, advances and exploits #$Biology Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biologist' in WordNet: 1. (1) biologist, life scientist - ((biology) a scientist who studies living organisms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :HumanRole, :Professional-Adult, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Biology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Biology :hasSubjectOfStudy :LifeForm ; :wnsense "biology1n" ; :wordnet "biology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the science that studies the properties and processes of living things; the science of life. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biology' in WordNet: 1. (4) biology, biological science -- (the science that studies living organisms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LifeForm ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :BiomassAsFuel :consistsOfManyOf :OrganicObject ; :wnsense "biomass1n" ; :wordnet "biomass" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BiomassAsFuel'' represents unprocessed OrganicObjects collected for use as Fuel. Processing may convert into different subtypes of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biomass' in WordNet: 1. biomass - (plant materials and animal waste used as fuel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombustibleFuelSubstance, :Fuel . :BiomassMeasure :isaValueOf :Mass ; :wnsense "biomass2n" ; :wordnet "biomass" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''BiomassMeasure'' is the total mass of all living organisms in a given location. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'biomass' in WordNet: 2. biomass - (the total mass of living matter in a given unit area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :BiometricIdentifier a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BiometricIdentifier is any PersonIdentifier based on body characteristics more or less specific to a particular individual person. BloodType is a marginal subtype, being not very specific but having been used for identification purposes. More reliable are fingerprints, DNA restriction patterns, retina scans, facial patterns, voiceprints. Who knows what else they may use?.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonIdentifier . :Biopolymer :en "biopolymer" ; :enn "biopolymer" ; :guid "be6a7007-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :Organism ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Polymer (substance) of a kind that is produced by living organisms. Common kinds are protein, nucleic acid, and polysaccharide. This Type is not classified as an OrganicCompound because some instances may be too heterogeneous in composition to be defined by formula. Cyc: The collection of macromolecules which are produced by and can be found within living things, such as proteins (essentially polymers of amino acids), nucleic acids (such as DNA or RNA), and polysaccharides (polymers of simple sugars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroMolecularSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, :Polymer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Biopsy :wnsense "biopsy1n" ; :wordnet "biopsy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MedicalAnalyticalTest performed on a piece of tissue taken from an Organism, usually a Person. The RHW has two senses for 'biopsy': 1. the removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body. 2. a specimen obtained from a biopsy. This type includes sense 1 *and* the test performed on that sample. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biopsy' in WordNet: 1. (3) biopsy - (examination of tissues or liquids from the living body to determine the existence or cause of a disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalAnalyticalTest . :Biotite :wnsense "biotite1n" ; :wordnet "biotite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biotite' in WordNet: 1. biotite - (dark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mica . :Bipartisan :isAnAttributeValueOf :Legislation ; :wnsense "bipartisan1adj", "bipartizan1adj", "two-party1adj", "two-way1adj" ; :wordnet "bipartisan", "bipartizan", "two-party", "two-way" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bipartisan'' is used mostly for legislation having significant levels of support from both of the main political parties - in the US, both republicans and Democrats. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bipartisan' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bipartisan, bipartizan, two-party, two-way - (supported by both sides; 'a two-way treaty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Biplane :guid "bd58ca01-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "biplane1n" ; :wordnet "biplane" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all airplanes which have two primary sets of wings. Nowadays biplanes are used mostly for crop-dusting and aerobatics. NOTE: most airplanes have two wings; how to represent that the two in a biplane are stacked one on top of the other?? @ToDoRe1519. @visual Use ''VerticallyOrdered''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biplane' in WordNet: 1. biplane - (old fashioned airplane; has two wings one above the other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Airplane . :Bipolar :isAnAttributeValueOf :ManicDepression ; :pertainsTo :ManicDepression ; :wnsense "bipolar1adj" ; :wordnet "bipolar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bipolar' in Wordnet: 1. bipolar - (of or relating to manic depressive illness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Birch :wnsense "birch1n" ; :wordnet "birch" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance Birch,a type of Wood, not a tree. For the tree, use ''BirchTree''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birch' in Wordnet: 1. birch - (hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirchTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :BirchBark :en "birch bark", "birchbark" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BirchBark'' is the ''BarkTissue'' that is produced by and covers the outside of a ''BirchTree'. Oddly, there is no sense of 'birch bark' in WordNet - that term is used only for the canoe made of ''BirchBark'', although there are other barks in Wordnet. In WN only the canoe: 1. birchbark canoe, birchbark, birch bark - (a canoe made with the bark of a birch tree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarkTissue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirchTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :BirchOrder :guid "bd588439-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :BirchTree :guid "bd58d908-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "birch-tree1n", "birch2n" ; :wordnet "birch", "birch-tree" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of birch trees. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birch-tree' in Wordnet: 1. birch, birch tree - (any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirchOrder, :DeciduousTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Birch ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirchBark ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Bird :ennp "birds" ; :guid "bd58bc48-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bird" ; :wnsense "bird1n" ; :wordnet "bird" ; a :AgentType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a specialization of #$Vertebrate. Each instance of #$Bird is an air-breathing, warm-blooded, winged animal covered with feathers. Members of most, but not all, species of Bird can fly. SUMO: A Vertebrate having a constant body temperature and characterized by the presence of feathers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird' in WordNet: 1. (31) bird - (warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirBreathingVertebrate, :Homeotherm, :OviparousAnimal, :TerrestrialOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :BirdBath :guid "bed39157-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "birdbath1n" ; :wordnet "birdbath" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BirdBath'' is a bowl-shaped artifact ''Basin'' usually on a pedestal a few feet off the ground, designed for the use of birds for them to take a 'bath' and/or drink some water. Typically located in the yard of a residence.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birdbath' in WordNet: 1. (1) birdbath - (an ornamental basin (usually in a garden) for birds to bathe in) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Basin, :LiquidContainer, :NonPoweredDevice, :OpenTopContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBathing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "20"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :BirdBill :guid "c0202625-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Bird ; :ldoce "beak", "bill" ; :wnsense "beak2n", "bill7n", "neb2n", "nib1n", "pecker3n" ; :wordnet "beak", "bill", "neb", "nib", "pecker" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Bill-Birds'. Cyc: The collection of all bills (or 'beaks') belonging to #$Birds. An individual #$Bill-Birds is a hard structure, which contains the #$Mouth and the #$Nostrils. For the similar structure of a #$Turtle see #$Beak. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'beak' and sense 7 of 'bill' in WordNet: 2. (1) beak, bill, neb, nib, pecker - (horny projecting mouth of a bird) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beak, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BirdClaw :wnsense "claw4n" ; :wordnet "claw" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the whole foot of a Bird.. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'claw' in WordNet: 4. claw - (a bird's foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Claw, :Foot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :BirdFeeder :guid "bf9fd879-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bird feeder1n", "birdfeeder1n", "feeder5n" ; :wordnet "bird feeder", "birdfeeder", "feeder" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird feeder' in WordNet: 1. bird feeder, birdfeeder, feeder - (an outdoor device that supplies food for wild birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdSeed ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yard-BuildingGrounds ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :BirdFlight :en "flying" ; :ldoce "fly" ; :wnsense "flight2n", "flight9n", "fly1v" ; :wordnet "flight", "fly" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Flying'' that is performed by a ''Bird''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fly' and noun sense 2 of 'flight' in WordNet: 1. (33) fly, wing - (travel through the air; be airborne; 'Man cannot fly') WN noun 'flight': 2. (6) flight, flying - (an instance of traveling by air; 'flying was still an exciting adventure for him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlyingWithWings, :OutdoorActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BirdFood :guid "bfbcf0ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bird feed1n", "bird food1n" ; :wordnet "bird feed", "bird food" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all bird food. NOTE: ''Birdseed'' is a subtype. is 'suet' a bird food?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird food' in WordNet: 1. bird feed, bird food, birdseed - (food given to birds; usually mixed seeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalFood, :Food . :BirdHouse :guid "c059b872-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "birdhouse1n" ; :wordnet "birdhouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A shelter for birds built by people, not an ''AnimalArtifact''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birdhouse' in WordNet: 1. (1) birdhouse - (a shelter for birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nesting ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "15"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "70"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :BirdOfPrey :guid "bd5f2bd5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bird of prey1n", "raptor1n", "raptorial bird1n" ; :wordnet "bird of prey", "raptor", "raptorial bird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all raptors, commonly known as #$Birds of prey. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird of prey' in WordNet: 1. bird of prey, raptor, raptorial bird - (any of numerous carnivorous birds that hunt and kill other animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird, :Predator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Talon ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :BirdSeed :en "bird seed" ; :guid "bf037dda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bird feed1n", "bird food1n", "birdseed1n" ; :wordnet "bird feed", "bird food", "birdseed" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BirdSeed'' is an ArtifactSubstance created by collecting seeds of various types (sorted or not) and packging it for sale to people who want to feed birds, domestic or wild. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird seed' in WordNet: 1. bird feed, bird food, birdseed - (food given to birds; usually mixed seeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirdFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ] . :BirdSong :ldoce "sing" ; :wnsense "birdcall1n", "birdsong1n", "sing3v", "song4n" ; :wordnet "birdcall", "birdsong", "sing", "song" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BirdSong'' is the vocalizing of a 'Bird'' that has a musical quality, consisting of more than one note ('chirp'). Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'sing' and part of noun sense 1 of 'birdsong' in WordNet: 3. (3) sing - (to make melodious sounds; 'The nightingale was singing') WN noun 'birdsong' 1. birdcall, call, birdsong, song - (the characteristic sound produced by a bird; 'a bird will not learn its song unless it hears it at an early age') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music, :Singing . :BirdTail :en "bird tail", "bird's tail" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BirdTail'' is a ''Tail'' consisting of ''Feather''s, that form the rear part of a ''Bird'', important in maneuvering while flying. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfFeathers, :Tail, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :mayBeaBodyPartOf ] . :BirdType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """BirdType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for a ''Bird'' in its aspect as an animal""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeastType . :BirdWatcher :wnsense "bird watcher2n", "birder1n" ; :wordnet "bird watcher", "birder" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BirdWatcher'' is a ''Hobbyist'' who likes to go where s/he can see birds, especially in the wild. Dedicated ''BirdWatcher''s may keep a 'life list' of birds they have seen in the wild, and may travel great distances to see species they have not yet seen. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bird watcher' in WordNet: 2. bird watcher, birder - (a person who identifies and studies birds in their natural habitats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hobbyist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdWatching ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BirdWatching :eng "birding", "birdwatching" ; :guid "bd58b502-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bird1n", "birdwatch1v" ; :wordnet "bird", "birdwatch" ; a :IntelligentActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BirdWatching'' CYC: This is the collection of observings of birds for recreational purposes. Thus, it is not simply casual noticing of birds, but deliberate observation. #$BirdWatching usually includes an attempt to identify the species and sex of the birds, observe their behavior, and sometimes count the number of individuals. Often called 'birding' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird watching' in WordNet: 1. bird, birdwatch - (watch and study birds in their natural habitat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Looking, :OutdoorActivity, :PurposefulAction, :RecreationalActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdWatcher ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ; owl:someValuesFrom :BirdType ] . :BirdsEgg :wnsense "egg1n", "egg2n" ; :wordnet "egg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Egg complete with shell, laid by a bird of any kind, and having been expelled from the bird's body.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Egg, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggShell ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfacePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yolk ; owl:onProperty :hasInternalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggWhite ; owl:onProperty :hasInternalPart ] . :BirthCertificate :guid "bd58e165-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "birth certificate1n" ; :wordnet "birth certificate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A certificate specifying the place of birth of a person, the parents, and the date of birth; also, an official copy of the original certificate is included in this category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birth certificate' in WordNet: 1. birth certificate - (a copy of the official document giving details of a person's birth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CertificateDocument, :IDDocument, :LegalDocument . :BirthControl :wnsense "birth control1n", "birth prevention1n" ; :wordnet "birth control", "birth prevention" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BirthControl'' is a ''Preventing'' Action consisting of one or (usually) more Actions in which some ''ContraceptiveDevice'' or BirthControlDrug or other method is used to prevent a woman from ''BecomingPregnant'' during ''HumanSexualIntercourse''. NOTE that 'family planning' is not used here as a synonym because that term could be used to include the intentional getting pregnant at some point in a couple's lifetime, interspersed with actions to prevent getting pregnant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birth control' in WordNet: 1. (12) birth control, birth prevention, family planning - (limiting the number of children born) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingPregnant ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :BirthDate :en "birth date", "birthdate" ; :wnsense "birthday2n", "natal day1n" ; :wordnet "birthday", "natal day" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BirthDate'' is the ''CalendarDate'' when some Animal was born. Each ''BirthDay'' is an anniversary of this date. This includes animals other than people. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'birthday' in WordNet: 2. (1) birthday, natal day - (the date on which a person was born) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CalendarDate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTimeOfEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :BirthEvent ] . :BirthDay :ldoce "birthday" ; :wnsense "birthday1n" ; :wordnet "birthday" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A calendar Day (date, month and day) which coincides with the DayOfTheYear that marks some integer number of years since a BirthEvent. This includes birthdays for dead people (e.g. 'Beethoven's birthday'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birthday' in WordNet: 1. (8) birthday - (an anniversary of the day on which a person was born (or the celebration of it)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnniversaryDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAnniversaryOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :BirthEvent ] . :BirthDefect :wnsense "birth defect1n", "congenital anomaly1n", "congenital defect1n" ; :wordnet "birth defect", "congenital anomaly", "congenital defect" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BirthDefect'' is a ''BodyPartDysfunction'' that is a ''CongenitalCondition'', present at birth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birth defect' in WordNet: 1. birth defect, congenital anomaly, congenital defect, congenital disorder, congenital abnormality - (a defect that is present at birth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPartDysfunction, :CongenitalCondition . :BirthEvent :guid "bd58b30c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bear", "birth" ; :wnsense "bear2v", "birth2n", "birth3n", "birthing1n", "deliver12v", "give birth1n", "giving birth1n", "have18v", "nascence1n", "nascency1n", "nativity1n", "parturition1n" ; :wordnet "bear", "birth", "birthing", "deliver", "give birth", "giving birth", "have", "nascence", "nascency", "nativity", "parturition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the event of birth of any animal that delivers from a womb. For the Human childbearing Event, use subtype ''Childbirth''. NOTE that a single ''BirthEvent'' can produce more than one ''Animal''. Of humans,it can produce twins, triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets, sextuplet. Of non-human animals it can produce a litter. This type includes both 'being born' (from the perspective of the baby - sense 2 of 'birth') and 'giving birth' from the perspective of the mother. The 'giving birth' perspective is represented as the subtype ''LiveBirthEvent''. This can be divided more precisely into its subevents. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'birth' and verb sense 2 of 'bear' in WordNet: 2. (2) birth, nativity, nascency, nascence - (the event of being born; 'they celebrated the birth of their first child') 3. (1) parturition, birth, giving birth, birthing - (the process of giving birth) WN verb 'bear': 2. (17) give birth, deliver, bear, birth, have - (cause to be born; 'My wife had twins yesterday!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, :EmittingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMother ; owl:someValuesFrom :FemaleAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadNewborn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pregnancy ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFinishes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lifetime ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiveBirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthDate ; owl:onProperty :occurredWithinTimeInterval ] . :BirthMother :en "birth mother" ; :ldoce "mother" ; :wnsense "mother1n" ; :wordnet "mother" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The BirthMother is the female person that carried another person in her womb during gestation and up to birth, whether or not the BirthMother had any part of its genetic material transferred to the baby. Most BirthMothers are biological parents in the usual sense, but in a case where an egg fertilized in vitro is tranferred for gestation into the womb of a woman who did not contribute the ovum to the fertilization process, the BirthMother may have no (close) bioogical relation to the baby she carries. Implies a BirthEvent Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mother' in WordNet: 1. (100) mother, female parent - (a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother); 'the mother of three children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalRelation, :Mother, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheMotherIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :BirthEvent ] . :BirthRate :wnsense "birth rate1n", "birthrate1n", "fertility rate1n", "fertility1n", "natality1n" ; :wordnet "birth rate", "birthrate", "fertility", "fertility rate", "natality" ; a :MeasureType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BirthRate'' is a measure of the number of offspring that some group of animals produces per unit time, usually annually. More inclusive (for any type of animal) than noun sense 1 of 'birthrate' in WordNet: 1. birthrate, birth rate, fertility, fertility rate, natality - (the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RateMeasure . :BirthTime a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BirthTime' is the TimeInterval within which something was created (i.e. the fabrication process was completed), or some animal was born, or some plant germinated from seed or otherwise started its separate existence (e.g. by budding or fission). Because the exact instant may not be known precisely, a 'BirthTime' means that the thing started existing at *some* time within that interval. This is just a subtype of 'TimeInterval', but assertions using 'BirthTime' cane be used to search for births of things as significant events, by keeping a list of all instances of 'BirthTime'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval . :BirthdayCake :guid "c07d1d9d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "birthday cake1n" ; :wordnet "birthday cake" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$BirthdayCakes. These are cakes served in honor of soomeone's birthday. They are often elaborately decorated, and may have a birthday message written on them in frosting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birthday cake' in WordNet: 1. birthday cake - (decorated cake served at a birthday party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cake, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decorated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthdayCelebration ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :BirthdayCandle :en "birthday candle" ; :enn "birthday candle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BirthdayCandle'' is a ''SmallCandle'' that is designed to be inserted in a ''BirthdayCake'' and burn for a short time while a birthday song is sung at a ''BirthdayCelebration''. Candles of the same size are used in small menorahs during home ''HannukahObservance's. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallCandle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthdayCelebration ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BirthdayCake :Menorah ) ] ] . :BirthdayCelebration :wnsense "birthday party1n" ; :wordnet "birthday party" ; a :ActionType, :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Ceremony in which people gather to celebrate the anniversary of someone's birth, and usually congratulate the person whose birthday is being celebrated, wish them well, and may give presents, or even sing 'Happy Birthday'. The person whose birth is being celebrated does not have to be present at the ceremony, but usually is. The ceremony does not have to fall on the exact date of a person's birth, but is usually within a week of the actual anniversary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birthday party' in WordNet: 1. birthday party - (a party held on the anniversary of someone's birth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceremony, :CommemorationEvent, :Party, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadHonoree ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthDay ; owl:onProperty :commemorates ] . :Birthmark :wnsense "birthmark1n", "nevus1n" ; :wordnet "birthmark", "nevus" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Birthmark'' is a ''Blemish'' on the Skin of a Person that was present at birth and lasts more than a year. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'birthmark' in WordNet: 1. birthmark, nevus - (a blemish on the skin that is formed before birth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blemish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :Biscuit :wnsense "biscuit1n" ; :wordnet "biscuit" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Biscuit'' is a single hand-sized piece of ''BreadObject'' consisting of baked bread, in a size that can be held in one hand and is usually entirely eaten in a few bites. NOTE that a ''Cracker'' is a subtype of ''Biscuit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biscuit' in Wordnet: 1. (4) biscuit - (small round bread leavened with baking-powder or soda) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :BreadObject, :FlourBasedObject, :HandSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bisexual :wnsense "bisexual1adj" ; :wordnet "bisexual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bisexual' in Wordnet: 1. bisexual - (sexually attracted to both sexes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Bishop-ChessPiece :wnsense "bishop3n" ; :wordnet "bishop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess bishop. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bishop' in WordNet: 3. bishop - ((chess) a piece that can be moved diagonally over unoccupied squares of the same color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChessPiece . :Bishop-Clerical :guid "c0df214b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bishop1n" ; :wordnet "bishop" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all bishops, which are christian #$Clerics, usually male, who are mostly senior leaders within hierarchically organized church denominations such as the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Lutheran, Anglican or Episcopalian churches. Every Christian bishop is consecrated by one or more other bishops, in a chain of consecrations in direct 'apostolic succession' from #$JesusChrist. Some bishops in this succession are 'wandering bishops' (episcopes vagrantes) not associated with organized churches. In mediaeval times, some countries were ruled by bishops. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bishop' in WordNet: 1. (6) bishop - (a clergyman having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve apostles of Christ) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric . :Bismuth :guid "bd590857-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "83"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Bi1n", "bismuth1n" ; :wordnet "Bi", "bismuth" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: BismuthStuff. A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of bismuth; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bismuth' in WordNet: 1. bismuth, Bi, atomic number 83 - (a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Mineral, :UnalloyedMetal . :BisqueColor :guid "2eff842c-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :Bit :en "bits" ; :ldoce "bit" ; :wnsense "bit6n" ; :wordnet "bit" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One Bit of information. Often rerpesented as a one or a zero. The unit of this measure is 'bits' Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'bit in WordNet: 6. bit - (a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states; 'there are 8 bits in a byte') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationMeasure . :Bitch :wnsense "bitch4n" ; :wordnet "bitch" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A female Canine. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bitch' in WordNet: 4. bitch - (female of any member of the dog family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canine, :FemaleAnimal . :Bite :wnsense "bite1n" ; :wordnet "bite" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An injury to the skin or mucous membrane, producing a rupture in those tissues, which is caused by an animal biting the skin using teeth or fangs. This includes snake bites, but not ''BeeSting''s or ''FleaBite''s (see ''ArthropodBite'').. NOTE that there is no object-like 'injury' or 'wound' in Wordnet. This is an ''Object'' for purposes of phrases like 'show me your wound'. Corresponds to part (the object where the bite has pierced the flesh - for the resulting condition see ''BiteOrSting'') of noun sense 1 of 'bite' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bite - (a wound resulting from biting by an animal or a person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Puncture ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BitingWithTeeth ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Puncture ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :BiteOrNipType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''BiteOrNipType'' is a type of wound (an Object) that is inflicted by 'biting'or 'nipping' (with teeth). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType . :BiteOrSting :guid "bfaf4146-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bite1n" ; :wordnet "bite" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The condition caused by the ''Bite'' of any animal, whether from a Spider or ''Bee'' (more like a sting), or dog or person - if the wound condition persists any measurable length of time. Corresponds to part (situation, not object) of noun sense 1 of 'bite' in WordNet: 1. (1) bite - (a wound resulting from biting by an animal or a person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition . :Biting :en "biting" ; :guid "bd58cf06-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bite" ; :wnsense "bite1v" ; :wordnet "bite" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Biting' in COSMO is very general, including 'biting' by insects, including mosquitos, which actually inject the proboscis rather than pinching the skin with pincers (this corresponds to the Wordnet sense 'with or as if with the teeth'); also snakes biting to inject venom is included. For The most common use of 'Biting' involving the coming-together of upper and lower teeth into the thing bitten use ''BitingWithTeeth''. Often the thing bitten is some kind of food that requires chewing, but it can also be the mailman's ankle, bitten by the dog. A Biting does not have to break skin. This is more general than the SUMO definition: SUMO: Any instance of Grabbing where the instrument is the Mouth of the agent. A subtype e.g. 'BitingWithTeethOrFangs' could be defined if needed. Corresponds most closely to verb sense 1 of 'bite' in WordNet: 1. (12) bite, seize with teeth - (to grip, cut off, or tear with or as if with the teeth or jaws; 'Gunny invariably tried to bite her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VoluntaryBodyMovement . :BitingWithTeeth :en "biting" ; :guid "bd58cf06-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bite" ; :wnsense "bite1v" ; :wordnet "bite" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BitingWithTeeth'' is the 'Biting' by animals with teeth, using the teeth (or 'fangs', a type of teeth), but not necessarly piercing the skin. This excludes 'biting' by insects such as mosquitos or ticks. This is a subevent of Eating for meats and vegetables and fruits, though not for eating puddings or cereals. A ''BitingWithTeeth'' that breaks the skin produces a ''Bite''; if it does not break the skin, it produces a ''Nip'' The most common type of ''BitingWithTeeth'' is the coming-together of upper and lower teeth into the thing bitten: usually the thing bitten is some kind of food that requires chewing, but it can also be the mailman's ankle, bitten by the dog. A Biting does not have to break skin. @ToDo: if no need to specify where (on whom) the bite is, just specify 'bite' or 'Nip', instances of the 'BiteOrNipType' class?. This is approximately the same as the SUMO definition: SUMO: Any instance of Grabbing where the instrument is the Mouth of the agent. Corresponds most closely to verb sense 1 of 'bite' in WordNet: 1. (12) bite, seize with teeth - (to grip, cut off, or tear with or as if with the teeth or jaws; 'Gunny invariably tried to bite her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Bite :Nip :BiteOrNipType ) ] ] . :BitsPerSecond :wnsense "bits per second1n", "bps1n" ; :wordnet "bits per second", "bps" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The measurement of the speed of data transfer in a communications system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bits per second' in WordNet: 1. bits per second, bps - ((computer science) the rate at which data is transferred (as by a modem)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frequency, :RateMeasure . :Bitter :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Bitterness ; :ldoce "bitter" ; :wnsense "bitter1adj" ; :wordnet "bitter" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing Bitterness, an intense form of Resentment. For the taste 'bitter' use 'BitterTasting'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'bitter' in WordNet, applying to people, not to events like arguments: 1. (12) acrimonious, bitter - (marked by strong resentment or cynicism; 'an acrimonious dispute'; 'bitter about the divorce') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resentful . :BitterTasting :guid "91a98e14-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "bitter" ; :wnsense "bitter6adj" ; :wordnet "bitter" ; a :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in CYC 'BitterTaste' is a type of object, different from the use of 'Bitter' as an attribute in COSMO. Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'bitter' in WordNet: 6. bitter - (one of the four basic taste sensations; sharp and disagreeable; like the taste of quinine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteAttribute . :Bitterly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Bitter ; :wnsense "bitterly1adv", "with bitterness1adv" ; :wordnet "bitterly", "with bitterness" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bitterly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Agent that performed the action described was '''Bitter''. and exhibited ''Bitterness''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'bitterly' in WordNet: 1. (3) bitterly, with bitterness - (in a resentful manner; 'she complained bitterly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Bitterness :wnsense "bitterness1n" ; :wordnet "bitterness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A strong Feeling of resentment toward another Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bitterness' in WordNet: 1. (7) resentment, bitterness, gall, rancor, rancour - (a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resentment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bitter ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Bivalve :wnsense "bivalve1n", "lamellibranch1n", "pelecypod1n" ; :wordnet "bivalve", "lamellibranch", "pelecypod" ; a :BeastType, :SpawnerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bivalve' in WordNet: 1. bivalve, pelecypod, lamellibranch - (marine or freshwater mollusks having a soft body with platelike gills enclosed within two shells hinged together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mollusk . :Bizarre :en "far out", "far-out" ; :wnsense "bizarre1adj", "eccentric1adj", "far-out1adj", "flakey3adj", "flaky3adj", "freakish3adj", "freaky1adj", "gonzo1adj", "kinky3adj", "off-the-wall1adj", "offbeat1adj", "outlandish1adj", "outre1adj", "quirky1adj", "way-out1adj" ; :wordnet "bizarre", "eccentric", "far-out", "flakey", "flaky", "freakish", "freaky", "gonzo", "kinky", "off-the-wall", "offbeat", "outlandish", "outre", "quirky", "way-out" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bizarre'' is an attribute Objects and behaviors, or combinations of properties and/or behaviors, that are highly unusual, rarely or never before encountered , and elicit surprise combined with positive or negative impressions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bizarre' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bizarre, eccentric, freakish, freaky, flaky, flakey, gonzo, off-the-wall, outlandish, outre - (conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual; 'restaurants of bizarre design-one like a hat, another like a rabbit'; 'famed for his eccentric spelling'; 'a freakish combination of styles'; 'his off-the-wall antics'; 'the outlandish clothes of teenagers'; 'outre and affected stage antics') WN adj 'offbeat': 1. (1) far-out, kinky, offbeat, quirky, way-out - (informal terms; strikingly unconventional) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exotic, :FrequencyAttributeValue, :HighlyUnusual . :Blabbermouth :wnsense "blabbermouth1n", "talebearer1n", "taleteller1n", "tattler1n", "tattletale1n", "telltale1n" ; :wordnet "blabbermouth", "talebearer", "taleteller", "tattler", "tattletale", "telltale" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Blabbermouth'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who tends to tell tales about other that should be kept confidential. This is a ''Snitch'' who performs more than one act of ''Snitching'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blabbermouth' in WordNet: 1. tattletale, tattler, taleteller, talebearer, telltale, blabbermouth - (someone who gossips indiscreetly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gossiper, :Loudmouth, :Snitch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpillingTheBeans ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Black :guid "d480ff26-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "black" ; :wnsense "black1adj" ; :wordnet "black" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color black, as an attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'black' in WordNet: 1. (56) black - (being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light; 'black leather jackets'; 'as black as coal'; 'rich black soil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AchromaticColor, :Blackish . :BlackAndWhite :wnsense "black-and-white1adj" ; :wordnet "black-and-white" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of a surface that is partly colored ''Black'' and partly ''White''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'black-and-white' in Wordnet: 1. black-and-white - (lacking hue or shades of grey; part white and part black; 'a black-and-white cow'; 'black-and-white blooms'; 'black-and-white stripes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartlyBlack, :PartlyWhite, :TwoToned . :BlackFootedFerret :guid "bf4cc9cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Mustela nigripes1n", "black-footed ferret1n", "ferret1n" ; :wordnet "Mustela nigripes", "black-footed ferret", "ferret" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A wild species in the Weasel Family (#$Mustelidae), native to #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica. The #$BlackFootedFerret inhabits the Great Plains and is now extremely rare. Its range nearly coincides with that of prairie dogs, which constitute most of its diet. It is often found in prairie dog burrows. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'black-footed ferret' in WordNet: 1. black-footed ferret, ferret, Mustela nigripes - (musteline mammal of prairie regions of United States; nearly extinct) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mustelidae . :BlackForestCake :en "black forest cake" ; :guid "c0c93834-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$BlackForestCakes, which are chocolate cakes, usually containing cherry liqueur or #$Rum and cherries, and frosted with whipped icing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChocolateCake, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :BlackHair :guid "edcdc788-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is a quantity of black hair, an object, not an attribute or substance. NOTE: Using 'ColorAttributeType' as a type for this may be contradictory. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColoredThing, :HairOnHead-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlackishBlue-Color ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :BlackLight :en "black light", "blacklight" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlackLight'' is a type of ''Light'' producing ElectromagneticRadiation that is outside the 'visible' spectrum but not of such high frequency as to qualify as 'X-ray' or 'gamma ray'' light, nor of such low frequency as to qualify as 'radio waves'. This is most frequently used of 'Ultraviolet light' that is used to make certain objects (such as some minerals) luminesce,a phenomenon that can be used for detecting some substances. @ToDo: NOTE: in COSMO ''Light'' is a form of energy, produced by an ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' these relations are not clear and need to be elaborated. RHW 'black light': invisible infrared or ultraviolet light. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Light, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Invisible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BlackList :wnsense "black book1n", "blacklist1n", "shitlist1n" ; :wordnet "black book", "blacklist", "shitlist" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blacklist' in WordNet: 1. blacklist, black book, shitlist - (a list of people who are out of favor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ListOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PersonaNonGrata ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BlackListing :wnsense "blacklist1v" ; :wordnet "blacklist" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In each instance of 'BlackListing', some agent is added to a ''BlackList''. NOTE: the restriction states that a ''BlackList'' is modified by this Action,which is usually an addition to a list. But a BlackList could also be created by this action. As of rev1635 there is no axiom stating that 'modifying' could not also be a 'creating'. At some point that might be changed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blacklist' in WordNet: 1. blacklist - (put on a blacklist so as to banish or cause to be boycotted; 'many books were blacklisted by the Nazis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Listing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :BlackList ] . :BlackRat :wnsense "Rattus rattus1n", "black rat1n", "roof rat1n" ; :wordnet "Rattus rattus", "black rat", "roof rat" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'black rat' in WordNet: 1. black rat, roof rat, Rattus rattus - (common household pest originally from Asia that has spread worldwide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pest, :Rat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Black ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :BlackShoePolish :wnsense "blacking1n" ; :wordnet "blacking" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlackShoePolish'' is a ''ShoePolish'' that has a dark black color. For shoe polish that is not black, use the parent type ''ShoePolish''. Corresponds to part (for black shoe polish) of noun sense 1 of 'shoe polish' in Wordnet: 1. shoe polish, blacking - (a substance used to produce a shiny protective surface on footwear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShoePolish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Black ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :BlackWidow :en "black widow spider" ; :wnsense "Latrodectus mactans1n", "black widow1n" ; :wordnet "Latrodectus mactans", "black widow" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Black Widow spider - Small but poisonous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'black widow' in Wordnet: 1. black widow, Latrodectus mactans - (venomous New World spider; the female is black with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the underside of the abdomen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpiderHarmfulToHumans . :BlackballingaCandidate :wnsense "ban3v", "ban4v", "barring1n", "blackball1n", "blackball1v" ; :wordnet "ban", "barring", "blackball" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlackballingaCandidate'' is a ''VotingAgainstSomething'' in which some individual or Group votes against admission of a Person to a Group. The Person 'blackballed' is one who is not yet a member of the Group. FOr expelling a member of a Group, use ''Banishing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and part of verb sense 1 of 'blackball' in WordNet: 1. barring, blackball - (the act of excluding someone by a negative vote or veto) WN verb 'blackball': 1. banish, ban, ostracize, ostracise, shun, cast out, blackball - (expel from a community or group) WN verb 'ban': 3. banish, ban - (ban from a place of residence, as for punishment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VotingAgainstSomething . :Blackberry :wnsense "blackberry1n" ; :wordnet "blackberry" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Blackberry'' is a small Berry consisting of multiple small parts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackberry' in Wordnet: 1. (2) blackberry - (large sweet black or very dark purple edible aggregate fruit of any of various bushes of the genus Rubus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Berry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlackberryBush ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :BlackberryBush :wnsense "blackberry bush1n", "blackberry2n" ; :wordnet "blackberry", "blackberry bush" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackberry bush' in WordNet: 1. blackberry, blackberry bush - (bramble with sweet edible black or dark purple berries that usually do not separate from the receptacle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :CropPlant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blackberry ; owl:onProperty :bearsFruitType ] . :Blackbird :wnsense "New World blackbird1n", "blackbird1n" ; :wordnet "New World blackbird", "blackbird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackbird' in WordNet: 1. New World blackbird, blackbird - (any bird of the family Icteridae whose male is black or predominantly black) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oriole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Black ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Blackboard :wnsense "blackboard1n" ; :wordnet "blackboard" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Blackboard'' is a 'Board' of ''Slate'' or some similar substance suitable for writing on with a piece of chalk. This does *not* *not* include 'Whiteboard''s written on with felt pens, a separate type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackboard' in Wordnet: 1. (2) blackboard, chalkboard - (sheet of slate; for writing with chalk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :DisplayDevice, :WorkSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slate ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Writing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Room ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Presentation ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Blackening :wnsense "blacken1v" ; :wordnet "blacken" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Blackening'' is a 'ColorChange' causing the value of the ColorType for some particular PhysicalObject to become ''Blackish''. A ''Blackening'' of a surface by superficial heating is the subtype ''Charring''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blacken' in WordNet: 1. (2) blacken, melanize, melanise, nigrify, black - (make or become black; 'The smoke blackened the ceiling'; 'The ceiling blackened') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Darkening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blackish ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Blackish :guid "ec344b0a-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "blackish1adj" ; :wordnet "blackish" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$BlackColor. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blackish' in WordNet: 1. blackish - (of something that is somewhat black; 'blackish clouds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :BlackishBlue-Color :guid "f30bd660-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Black, :IndigoColor, :NavyColor, :SlateColor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlackHair ; owl:onProperty :isTheColorOf ] . :BlackishGreen-Color :guid "68e286d0-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Black . :BlackishPurple-Color :guid "6de6c7e4-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Black, :NavyColor . :BlackishRed-Color :guid "76fb110e-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Black . :Blackmail :guid "c09bc97a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blackmail1n", "blackmail2v" ; :wordnet "blackmail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Extortion. Each instance of this collection is an event in which one agent extorts another by threatening to reveal information that would harm them. NOTE: need a subtype of ''Threatening'' for 'thereatening to divulge info', in order to differentiate this from parent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackmail' in WordNet: 1. blackmail - (extortion of money by threats to divulge discrediting information) WN verb 'blakmail'; 2. blackmail - (obtain through threats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extortion . :Blackness :wnsense "black1n", "blackness1n", "inkiness1n" ; :wordnet "black", "blackness", "inkiness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackness' in WordNet: 1. (4) black, blackness, inkiness - (the quality or state of the achromatic color of least lightness (bearing the least resemblance to white)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Black ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Blackout :wnsense "blackout3n" ; :wordnet "blackout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Blackout'' is a ''LackingElectricalPower'' in some area larger than a single building. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'blackout' in WordNet: 3. blackout - (the failure of electric power for a general region) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingElectricalPower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PowerFailure ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Blacksmith :wnsense "blacksmith1n" ; :wordnet "blacksmith" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who produces objects made of Iron, with at least some manual effort in shaping the object (not just running a machine). Forges and shapes items on an ''Anvil''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blacksmith' in Wordnet: 1. (1) blacksmith - (a smith who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Smith, :TradeWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anvil ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hammer ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapingSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron ; owl:onProperty :worksWith ] . :Bladder :wnsense "bladder1n", "vesica1n" ; :wordnet "bladder", "vesica" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Bladder'' is generic for expandable containers that are designed (by nature or people) to hold liquids or gases, including internal body parts and artifact objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bladder' in WordNet: 1. bladder, vesica - (a distensible membranous sac (usually containing liquid or gas)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :Container, :FlexibleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FluidObject :FluidObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distensible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bladder-Urinary :guid "bd58cc99-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "urinary bladder1n" ; :wordnet "urinary bladder" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all urinary bladders. An individual #$Bladder-Urinary is a part of a #$UrinarySystem which stores #$Urine prior to #$Urinating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urinary bladder' in Wordnet: 1. urinary bladder - (a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan, :Sac-Organic . :Blade :guid "bd58cb8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade9n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Blade can be part of a larger CuttingDevice or, as with razor blades, be manufactured and sold by itself - and sometimes used without a holder. In COSMO the blade itself is a CuttingDevice even if it is designed to be part of a larger CuttingDevice. A Blade must be made of a hard material, though the material can be of different types: metal, glass, and possibly others. Each part of a pair of scissors is an instance of Blade. In Cyc called 'BladeOfADevice' Cyc: The collection of blades for cutting tools, cutting devices, cutting instruments, etc. For Blades of grass, see BladeOfGrass. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 9 of 'blade' (for blades on cutting devices) in WordNet: 9. blade - (the flat part of a tool or weapon that (usually) has a cutting edge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, :HardObject, :SharpObject . :BladeOfGrass :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade1n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One spear-like shoot of any grass-like plant. This is not the technical 'grass', but the common lawn variety, or some plant similar to that in growth habit, i.e. having its broad leaves growing directly from near the ground, with no other conspicuous visible structures.. This is more specialized than sense 1 in WordNet, which apparently includes leaf parts other than that of ordinary grass: in WordNet: 1. (4) blade, leaf blade - (especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leaf . :BladedWeapon-NonProjectile :guid "c137d0b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade4n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all hand held #$Weapons with blades (see #$BladeOfADevice). This includes as subsets #$Swords, #$Daggers, and bayonets. Weapons such as the knives attached to the wheels of Ben Hur's opponent's chariot are not included in this collection because they are not hand held. Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'blade' in WordNet: 4. (1) sword, blade, brand, steel - (a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, :Sidearm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Blahs :wnsense "blahs1n" ; :wordnet "blahs" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blahs' in WordNet: 1. blahs - (a general feeling of boredom and dissatisfaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boredom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Listless ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissatisfied ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :BlameSituation :ldoce "blame" ; :wnsense "fault1n" ; :wordnet "fault" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of BlameSituation is a ResponsibilitySituation in which some 'IntentionalAgent' is objectively (this is not a belief) the Agent who has caused some bad ('blameworthy') past Event. To 'bear the blame' is to be in a 'BlameSituation'. If something is a Person's fault, then that something is that person's ''BlameSituation'', i.e. that person is the Agent of that ''BlameSituation''. There does not appear to be a WordNet sense with this meaning. Sense 1 of 'fault' appears close to the intended meaning: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fault' in Wordnet: 1. (346) fault - (responsibility for a bad situation or event; 'it was John's fault') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ResponsibilitySituation, :UndesirableThing . :Blameless :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Innocence ; :wnsense "blameless1adj", "irreproachable1adj", "unimpeachable2adj" ; :wordnet "blameless", "irreproachable", "unimpeachable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Blameless'' is an attribute of people who are innocent of any significant wrongdoing in their lives. The term is used even though everyone has made some mistakes, usually including some moral lapses. Is is a synonm of 'innocent'?? As in 'held him blameless' for an individual act? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blameless' in WordNet: 1. blameless, inculpable, irreproachable, unimpeachable - (free of guilt; not subject to blame; 'has lived a blameless life'; 'of irreproachable character'; 'an unimpeachable reputation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Innocent . :Blameworthy :wnsense "blamable1adj", "blameable1adj", "blameful1adj", "blameworthy1adj", "censurable1adj", "culpable1adj" ; :wordnet "blamable", "blameable", "blameful", "blameworthy", "censurable", "culpable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is worthy of 'blaming', i.e. is a Bad thing to do. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blameworthy' in Wordnet: 1. blameworthy, blamable, blameable, blameful, censurable, culpable - (deserving blame or censure as being wrong or evil or injurious; 'blameworthy if not criminal behavior'; 'censurable misconduct'; 'culpable negligence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Undesirable . :Blaming :en "blaming" ; :ldoce "blame" ; :wnsense "accuse2v", "blame1v", "blame3v", "charge21v", "charge2v", "fault1v" ; :wordnet "accuse", "blame", "charge", "fault" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Blaming is an AssigningResponsibility event in which an Agent asserts that some Agent (which could be the agent speaking) is responsible for causing some bad Event to happen. Somewhat related to ''Criticizing'' - but how? NOTE: linguistically the term 'assign responsibility' is used for this sense, but the term 'Assigning' in COSMO is restricted to assigning tasks or positions, not blame for past events. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'blame' and sense 2 of 'accuse' in WordNet: 1. (12) blame, fault - (put or pin the blame on) 3. (4) blame, charge - (attribute responsibility to; 'We blamed the accident on her'; 'The tragedy was charged to her inexperience') WN verb 'accuse: 2. charge, accuse - (blame for, make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against; 'he charged thee director with indifference') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningResponsibility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :BlameSituation ] . :Blank :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :HandwrittenText, :WrittenEntry ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :FillingInBlankSpace ; :isTheOppositeOf :Written ; :wnsense "blank1adj", "clean12adj", "white8adj" ; :wordnet "blank", "clean", "white" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Blank'' is an AttributeValue of some artifact writing surface (usually a ''Page'' or part of a form) on which nothing has been written other than possible page numbers - i.e. nothing has been written *by hand*. NOTE that this an be used for 'blank' spaces or pages in an Electronic document as well. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'blank' in WordNet: 1. (1) blank, clean, white - ((of a surface) not written or printed on; 'blank pages'; 'fill in the blank spaces'; 'a clean page'; 'wide white margins') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :BlankFormField a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BlankField''is a 'BlankSpace' in some generic ''Page'', that is also an identifiable ''PageField'' that may or may not be fillable. This can also represent the remaining ''BlankField''s that have not been filled in on a that can be on an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. \"StructuredInformationBearingObject\" NOTE that the part that is 'blank' in a ''BlankField'' does not include the field label. So if a fillable field has a label (specifying what is to be filled in) as well as a blank space, the label will be *part* of the field, and the ''BlankField'' will be part of the field, **if it has not been filled in**. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlankSpace, :FormField, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blank ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BlankPage :en "blank page" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BlankPage is a ''Page'' (abstract or physical)that has no writing on it, except for possible numbering or other notes at top or bottom. More specifically, it has no ''HandwrittenText''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlankSpace, :Page, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blank ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandwrittenText ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] . :BlankPhysicalPage :en "blank page" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BlankPhysicalPage'' is a ''BlankPage that is a ''PhysicalPage'' that has no writing on it, except for possible numbering or other notes at top or bottom. More specifically, it has no ''HandwrittenText''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlankPage, :PhysicalPage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blank ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandwrittenText ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] . :BlankSpace a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BlankSpace''is a 'PagePart' in some generic ''Page'', (abstract or Physical) that can be on an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. This is added primarily in order to represent the subtype ''BlankField''s for the notion of 'filling in the blanks' whether on an AbstractDocument (as represented on a computer screen) or on a ''PhysicalPage'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PagePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blank ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Blanket :guid "bd58d3b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blanket1n" ; :wordnet "blanket" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: A large typically rectangular piece of soft fabric, used as a bedcovering for warmth. SUMO: A piece of Fabric whose purpose is to keep a person who is in bed warm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blanket' in WordNet: 1. (19) blanket, cover - (bedding that keeps a person warm in bed; 'he pulled the covers over his head and went to sleep') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BedCover . :Blaspheming :wnsense "blaspheme2v" ; :wordnet "blaspheme" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of ''Blaspheming'' is a ''Profanity'' that is intentionally irreverant to God. Various things considered impolite (very incomplete list): Speech Attribute Quality InelegantSpeech - inelegant: impolite, offensive? Profanity - Profane - Profaneness Cursing - Vulgar - Vulgarity Obscenity - Obscene - Obsceneness Sacrilege - Sacriligeous - Sacrilegeousness Blaspheming - Blasphemous - Blasphemy Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'blaspheme' in WordNet: 2. blaspheme - (speak of in an irreverent or impious manner; 'blaspheme God') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profanity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obscene ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Blatant :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :HidingSomething ; :wnsense "blatant1adj", "blazing3adj", "conspicuous2adj" ; :wordnet "blatant", "blazing", "conspicuous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Of an Action that has not been hidden: 'conspicuous consumption'; 'blatant disregard'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blatant' in Wordnet: 1. (2) blatant, blazing, conspicuous - (without any attempt at concealment; completely obvious; 'blatant disregard of the law'; 'a blatant appeal to vanity'; 'a blazing indiscretion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obvious, :Unconcealed . :Blatantly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Blatant ; :wnsense "blatantly1adv" ; :wordnet "blatantly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'blatantly' in Wordnet: 1. blatantly - (in a blatant manner; 'they blatantly violated the laws') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Blathering :en "blah-blah", "blah-blah-blah" ; :wnsense "babble2v", "blather1v", "blether1n", "blither1v", "smatter2v" ; :wordnet "babble", "blather", "blether", "blither", "smatter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Blathering'' is a Speaking in which the words are insignificant and of little meaning of consequence. RWH 'blah-blah' and 'blah-blah-blah': meaningless chatter; idle gossip: the blah-blah-blah of gossip columnists. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blather' in WordNet: 1. babble, blather, smatter, blether, blither - (to talk foolishly; 'The two women babbled and crooned at the baby') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unimportant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bleach :wnsense "bleach2n" ; :wordnet "bleach" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Bleach' is an 'AgentiveSubstance' that can cause 'Bkleaching' (reducion in the intensity of some color). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'bleach' in WordNet: 2. bleaching agent, bleach, blanching agent, whitener - (an agent that makes things white or colorless) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveSubstance . :Bleaching :en "bleaching" ; :wnsense "bleach1v", "bleach2v" ; :wordnet "bleach" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Bleaching' is a 'Reduction' in the intensity of some non-white Color (a 'ColorAttributeType') in an Object. NOTE: the decrease is in the color intensity, and white or Transparent colors aren't changed. These details remain (rev1121) to be represented. NOTE a 'stain' can be white and not reduced by Bleaching. In the HSL system (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV) ''Bleaching'' increases the 'lightness' (proximity to white, or percent admixture of white) in the resulting color. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 'bleach' in WordNet: 1. (1) bleach, bleach out, decolor, decolour, decolorize, decolourize, decolorise, decolourise, discolorize, discolourise, discolorise - (remove color from; 'The sun bleached the red shirt') 2. bleach - (make whiter or lighter; 'bleach the laundry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :ColorAttributeType ] . :Bleak :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Despair, :Discouragement ; :isTheOppositeOf :Encouraging ; :wnsense "black5adj", "bleak1adj", "dim4adj" ; :wordnet "black", "bleak", "dim" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bleak'' is a more intensive level of ''Discouraging''; ''Bleak'' situations tend to discourage a Person from trying to do things. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bleak' in Wordnet: 1. (2) black, bleak, dim - (offering little or no hope; 'the future looked black'; 'prospects were bleak'; 'Life in the Aran Islands has always been bleak and difficult'- J.M.Synge; 'took a dim view of things') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discouraging . :Bleeding :CYC "Bleeding-TheAction" ; :eng "bleedinging" ; :guid "bd58cfca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bleed" ; :wnsense "bleed1v", "bleeding1n", "haemorrhage1n", "hemorrhage1n", "hemorrhage1v", "shed blood2v" ; :wordnet "bleed", "bleeding", "haemorrhage", "hemorrhage", "shed blood" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Bleeding-TheAction': An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$EmittingStuff. Each instance of #$Bleeding-TheAction is a #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary in which #$Blood spills from the body, usually due to a wound. The #$PhysiologicalCondition characterized by instances of #$Bleeding-TheAction is #$Bleeding-TheCondition (q.v.). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bleed' and noun sense 1 of 'bleeding' in WordNet: 1. (10) shed blood, bleed, hemorrhage - (lose blood from one's body) WN noun 'hemorrhage': 1. (4) bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage - (flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodFlow, :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, :EmittingStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ] . :Blemish :wnsense "blemish1n", "defect4n", "mar2n" ; :wordnet "blemish", "defect", "mar" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Blemish' is a 'Mark' that is considered as an undesirable imperfection in the appearance of some Object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blemish', sense 4 of'defect' and sense 2 of 'mar' in WordNet: 1. (1) blemish, defect, mar - - (a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body); 'a facial blemish') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flaw, :Mark . :Blend :en "blend" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Blend'' is a ''Mixture'' created for commercial purposes to achieve a taste (whikey) or quality (gasoline) or special property that is liked by customers, Expecially for Alcoholic beverages (e.g. Whiskey) and Tea and coffee but generally this is any product specially prepared as a commercial product (or sometimes for domestic use?). RHW: 9. a mixture or kind produced by blending: a special blend of rye and wheat flours. No correspondingWN sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture, :ProductSubstance . :Blender :guid "bd58e5b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blender1n", "food processor1n", "liquidiser1n", "liquidizer1n" ; :wordnet "blender", "food processor", "liquidiser", "liquidizer" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of electrical food processors. CYC: 'FoodBlender'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'food processor' in WordNet: 1. food processor - (a kitchen appliance with interchangeable blades; used for shredding or blending or chopping or slicing food) WN noun 'blender': 1. blender, liquidizer, liquidiser - (an electrically powered mixer with whirling blades that mix or chop or liquefy foods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice, :FoodProcessor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :processes ] . :BlendingInaBlender :en "blending", "blending in a blender" ; :guid "bd58f0a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlendingInaBlender'' is a ''ChoppingUpSomething'' using a ''Blender'' that applies blades at high speed to bth cut solid piees into very fine pieces and mix the componwnta gtogether. CYC 'Bleding': A collection of events. In each #$Blending event, the substance involved (one or more) is stirred so vigorously that it liquefies (if it isn't already liquid) or becomes a smoother liquid. Where two or more substances are involved, the output is a mixture of all the substances that were #$inputs to the #$Blending. NoWN sense for this action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChoppingUpSomething, :PulverizationEvent . :BlessedWith :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "blessed with1adj", "blessed1adj", "blessed7adj", "endued with1adj" ; :wordnet "blessed", "blessed with", "endued with" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlessedWith'' is a subattribute of ''Fortunate'' that characterizes a Person who is ''Fortunate'' (lucky) to have had some event or situation that is beneficial. This adjective has a non-traditional usage pattern; the Person who is 'blessed with' something precedes the attribute rather than following it; the thing had that constitutes the 'blessing' follows the 'with'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blessed with' in Wordnet: 1. blessed, blessed with, endued with - (having good fortune bestowed or conferred upon; sometimes used as in combination; 'blessed with a strong healthy body'; 'a nation blessed with peace'; 'a peace-blessed era') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fortunate . :BlessingEvent :ldoce "bless" ; :wnsense "bless1v", "bless3v", "blessing4n" ; :wordnet "bless", "blessing" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BlessingEvent is an Action (a type of ''Prayer'') in which a Person requests that God perform some ''Boon'' (such as protection or granting material or spiritual benefit) on a person or thing. This sense covers sense 2 of 'bless' in Random House Webster (RHW): 2. to request of God the bestowal of divine favor on: Bless this house. WordNet sense 3 (making the sign of the cross) can be a subtype but is not separate as of rev953. It also covers verb senses 1 and 3 of 'bless' and noun sense 4 of 'blessing' in WordNet: 1. (4) bless - (give a benediction to; 'The dying man blessed his son') 3. (1) bless, sign - (make the sign of the cross over someone in order to call on God for protection; consecrate) WN noun 'blessing': 4. benediction, blessing - (a ceremonial prayer invoking divine protection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCommunication, :Praying, :ReligiousCeremony, :Request, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom :Boon ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingRequested ; owl:someValuesFrom :Boon ] . :Blest :wnsense "blessed1adj", "blest1adj" ; :wordnet "blessed", "blest" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blest' in Wordnet: 1. blessed, blest - (highly favored or fortunate (as e.g. by divine grace); 'our blessed land'; 'the blessed assurance of a steady income') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fortunate . :Blight :wnsense "blight2n" ; :wordnet "blight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ . Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blight' in WordNet: 2. blight - (any plant disease resulting in withering without rotting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantDisease . :Blimp :guid "bd5892ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blimp2n", "sausage balloon1n" ; :wordnet "blimp", "sausage balloon" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for a non-rigid ''Inflatable'' airship. The CYC 'BlimpTheAirship' seems to iniclude rigid versions also. CYC 'BlimpTheAirship': #$BlimpTheAirship is a specialization of #$LighterThanAirCraft, #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, and #$Balloon. Each instance of #$BlimpTheAirship is a dirigible, motorized, and lighter-than-air craft (airships). Each generally consists of a gas-filled gas-sack from which a control and passenger cabin hangs (the gas-sack may or may not have rigid reinforcement such as ribs). A #$BlimpTheAirship flies more slowly than an #$Airplane. They are also called blimps, dirigibles and Zeppelins. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blimp' in WordNet: 2. blimp, sausage balloon, sausage - (a small nonrigid airship used for observation or as a barrage balloon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirTransportationDevice, :HexalateralObject, :InflatableContainer, :LighterThanAirCraft, :TransportationContainerProduct, :TransportationDevice-Vehicle . :Blind :ldoce "blind" ; :wnsense "blind1adj" ; :wordnet "blind" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of an animal of not having the ability to see; this applies only to animals of a type that normally can see through eyes. Photodetection other than through eyes is not the kind of function whose lack would make an animal 'Blind'. Compare the more general 'Sightless'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blind' in WordNet: 1. (11) blind, unsighted - (unable to see; 'a person is blind to the extent that he must devise alternative techniques to do efficiently those things he would do with sight if he had normal vision' - Kenneth Jernigan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sightless . :BlindPerson :wnsense "blind person1n" ; :wordnet "blind person" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Braille'' is a 'PhoneticWritingSystem'' designed for ''TheBlind'', based on small raised impressions on a surface (usually a piece of paper, but anywhere, such as on a plaque) that can be felt by a ''BlindPerson'' and interpreted as letters of the alphabet or numbers, allowing such people to 'read' text. ''BlindPerson''s collectively are refered to as 'the blind' (see ''TheBlind''). There are degrees of blindness, and this term is usually used for a Person who has almost no ability to see, at least for any practical purpose of maneuvering or perforating tasks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blind person' in WordNet: 1. blind person - (a person with a severe visual impairment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Blind ] . :Blindness :wnsense "blindness1n", "cecity1n", "sightlessness1n" ; :wordnet "blindness", "cecity", "sightlessness" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Blindness'' is a ''VisualImpairment'' in which the ability to see is completely or almost completely gone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blindness' in WordNet: 1. (7) blindness, sightlessness, cecity - (the state of being blind or lacking sight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisualImpairment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seeing ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seeing ; owl:onProperty :isTheInabilityToPerformActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SenseOfVision ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ] . :Blinking :en "blinking" ; :wnsense "blink1v", "nictitate1v" ; :wordnet "blink", "nictitate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Blinking'' is a 'ClosingEyes'' in which both eyes are closed briely. This is often an involuntary reflex, but can be done voluntarily. Closing one eye voluntarily as a signal is ''Winking''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blink' in WordNet: 1. (11) blink, wink, nictitate, nictate - (briefly shut the eyes; 'The TV announcer never seems to blink') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosingEyes . :Bliss :wnsense "bliss1n", "blissfulness1n", "cloud nine1n", "seventh heaven1n", "walking on air1n" ; :wordnet "bliss", "blissfulness", "cloud nine", "seventh heaven", "walking on air" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''happiness'' more intense than ''Elation'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bliss' in WordNet: 1. bliss, blissfulness, cloud nine, seventh heaven, walking on air - (a state of extreme happiness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elation . :Blissful :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Bliss ; :wnsense "blissful1adj" ; :wordnet "blissful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Blissful'' is the attribute of someone experiencing ''Bliss'', a very happy and care-free state, *or* of the state itself. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blissful' in WordNet: 1. (1) blissful - (completely happy and contented; 'blissful young lovers'; 'in blissful ignorance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Happy . :Blister :guid "c0fd4ce0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blister1n" ; :wordnet "blister" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A raised bump on the skin, often containing liquid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blister' in WordNet: 1. blister, bulla, bleb - ((pathology) an elevation of the skin filled with serous fluid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injury-Object, :PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface . :Blizzard :wnsense "blizzard1n" ; :wordnet "blizzard" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Blizzard'' is a ''Snowstorm'' and a ''WindStorm'' that deposits a lot of snow. The technical requirements for wind veocity and resulting snow depth can be added if needed. NOTE: In wordNet 'snowstorm' and 'blizzard' are conflated in one synset, but this is for a 'blizzard' that has certain requirements for a high intensity of wind and snowfall. Corresponds to part (for a special kind of snowstorm) of noun sense 1 of 'blizzard' in WordNet: 1. (1) blizzard, snowstorm - (a storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Snowstorm, :WindStorm . :BlocOfNations :wnsense "axis5n", "bloc1n" ; :wordnet "axis", "bloc" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BlocOfNations'' is a ''Coalition' that may or may not be a formal ''Alliance'' but differs in that it is usually formed for some specific purpose other than defense from potential threats. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloc' in WordNet: 1. (1) bloc, axis - (a group of countries in special alliance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coalition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Country ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] ; owl:disjointWith :CommercialOrganization . :Block :guid "c307f388-1e6c-41d7-85f2-e60bd5b3f373" ; :ldoce "block" ; :wnsense "block1n" ; :wordnet "block" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$SolidTangibleThing and #$RectangularParallelepiped. This is the collection of solid tangible block-shaped object. Specializations include #$Brick, #$IceCube, and #$ToyBlock. If the length to width ratio in any two dimensions gets too high ( greater than 4), it is no longer thought of as a block - perhaps a slab, board, or a beam (see parent 'BoardOrBlock'). Limits not yet specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'block' in WordNet: 1. (31) block - (a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides); 'the pyramids were built with large stone blocks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bar-Object, :BoardOrBlock . :BlockWall :en "brick wall" ; :enn "brick wall" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an exterior *vertical* wall made up of multiple ''Block''s (including ''Brick''s, shaped stones, or cement blocks). This can be free-standing, like a ''SurroundingWall'' or contacting something on one side, like a 'retaining wall', or part of a structure, but it is made of Brick and may have the top part mostly exposed to the atmosphere. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Wall-GenericBarrier, :WallOrPost, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Block ; owl:onProperty :hasMainPhysicalPart ] . :Blockade :wnsense "blockade1n", "blockade4v", "encirclement1n", "seal off2v" ; :wordnet "blockade", "encirclement", "seal off" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Blockade'' is a ''MilitaryEngagement'' in which, as part of the engagement, the attacking forces surround some fortified position or city so as to prevent movement into or out of the area under siege, which may lead to surrender when the resources (e.g. food) of the defending forces become too small for further resistance. For more active engagement while surrounding an area, use subtype ''Siege''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blockade' in WordNet: 1. (8) blockade, encirclement - (a war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy) WN verb 'blockade': 4. blockade, seal off - (impose a blockade on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryEngagement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EncirclingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Blockage :wnsense "blockage1n", "obstruction2n" ; :wordnet "blockage", "obstruction" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Blockage'' is for conditions in which some ''BodyPassageway'' is obstructed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blockage' in WordNet: 1. obstruction, blockage - (the state or condition of being obstructed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DysfunctionalCondition, :PhysiologicalCondition, :Stoppage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyPassageway ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarrierObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysiologicalFunction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Blockbuster :wnsense "blockbuster2n", "megahit1n", "smash hit1n" ; :wordnet "blockbuster", "megahit", "smash hit" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Blockbuster' is a ''BigSuccess'' that achieves substantially more popularity or audience than an average ''BigSuccess'' in its category. RHW noun 'smash hit': a person or thing that is overwhelmingly successful or popular: Both the play and the movie based on it were smash hits. RHW noun 'blockbuster' 2. a motion picture, novel, etc., esp. one lavishly produced, that has or is expected to have wide popular appeal or financial success. 3. something or someone that is forcefully or overwhelmingly impressive, effective, or influential: The campaign was a blockbuster. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blockbuster' in WordNet: 2. blockbuster, megahit, smash hit - (an unusually successful hit with widespread popularity and huge sales (especially a movie or play or recording or novel)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BigSuccess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OverwhelminglySuccessful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Blockhead :wnsense "blockhead1n", "bonehead1n", "dumbass1n", "dunce1n", "dunderhead1n", "fuckhead1n", "hammerhead1n", "knucklehead1n", "loggerhead1n", "lunkhead1n", "muttonhead1n", "numskull1n", "shithead1n" ; :wordnet "blockhead", "bonehead", "dumbass", "dunce", "dunderhead", "fuckhead", "hammerhead", "knucklehead", "loggerhead", "lunkhead", "muttonhead", "numskull", "shithead" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blockhead' in WordNet: 1. dunce, dunderhead, numskull, blockhead, bonehead, lunkhead, hammerhead, knucklehead, loggerhead, muttonhead, shithead, dumbass, fuckhead - (these words are used to express a low opinion of someone's intelligence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StupidPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Moronic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BlockingAction :wnsense "block12v", "block16v", "block2v", "block7v", "blockade1v", "freeze8v", "obstruct1v", "stymie1v", "stymy1v" ; :wordnet "block", "blockade", "freeze", "obstruct", "stymie", "stymy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BlockingAction'' is an ''Impeding'' Action by some agent that can make an Action by another agent impossible (not merely difficult). In order to 'find a way around' the barrier some aspect of the situation would need to be changed. This can include abstract hindrances such as lack of money, lack of permission, some insurmountable physical property, or intractable opposition (e.g. a wall of opposition). This use of 'barrier' is metaphorical. For a related action that may hinder rather than completely preventing another agent's action, use 'Interfering' or ''Impeding''. For a situation (not the action of an agent) that blocks some action, use ''BlockingSituation''. Includes verb senses 2, 6, 7,12, and 16 of 'block' in Wordnet: 2. (3) obstruct, blockade, block, hinder, stymie, stymy, embarrass - (hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of; 'His brother blocked him at every turn') 6. block - (interrupt the normal function of by means of anesthesia; 'block a nerve'; 'block a muscle') 7. obstruct, block - (shut out from view or get in the way so as to hide from sight; 'The thick curtain blocked the action on the stage'; 'The trees obstruct my view of the mountains') 12. parry, block, deflect - (impede the movement of (an opponent or a ball); 'block an attack') 16. freeze, block, immobilize, immobilise - (prohibit the conversion or use of (assets); 'Blocked funds'; 'Freeze the assets of this hostile government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impeding, :Interfering, :LimitingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :prevents ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Goal :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory ) ] ] . :BlockingEclipse :wnsense "eclipse1n", "eclipse2v", "occult2v", "occultation1n" ; :wordnet "eclipse", "occult", "occultation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BlockingEclipse'' is a ''BlockingaViewOfSomething'' in which one ''AstronomicalObject'' moves that that it and another ''AstronomicalObject'' are in the same line of view relative to either an ''Observer'' or a source of light (the Sun or another star). The object that moves may be the nearer or farther body, but in either case there is a ''BlockingTheViewOfSomething'' (for a solar eclipse) or a 'casting a shadow') for a lunar eclipse. the view of the farther body for the observer is blocked The 'Eclipse'' itself is a PersistentState performed by the blocking object. as long as the alignment persists. NOTE: the gloss in verb sense 2 of 'eclipse' mentons the sun 'eclipsing' the moon - that makes no sense, as the sun cannot get between the Earth and the moon. Odd usage, not part of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eclipse' in WordNet: 1. (2) eclipse, occultation - (one celestial body obscures another) WN verb 'occult': 1. eclipse, occult - (cause an eclipse of (a celestial body) by intervention; 'The Sun eclipses the moon today'; 'Planets and stars often are occulted by other celestial bodies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingTheViewOfSomething, :Eclipse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViewingAnAstronomicalObject ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :BlockingFluidFlow :wnsense "back up5v", "choke off2v", "choke8v", "clog up1v", "clog1v", "congest1v", "foul3v" ; :wordnet "back up", "choke", "choke off", "clog", "clog up", "congest", "foul" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlockingFluidFlow'' is an Action in which something (animate or inanimate) blocks fluid flow through some conduit. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'clog' in WordNet: 1. (4) clog, choke off, clog up, back up, congest, choke, foul - (become or cause to become obstructed; 'The leaves clog our drains in the Fall'; 'The water pipe is backed up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidFlowEvent ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :BlockingLight a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlockingaLight'' is an Action in which some ''OpaqueObject'' is in a location between a dominant source of light and an Object that would be perceptibly illuminated if that ''OpaqueObject'' were not present. If the potentially illuminated surface is noticeably less illuminated than other nearby objects, this is a ''CastingaShadow''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IlluminatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpaqueObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BlockingSituation :wnsense "barrier1n", "barrier2n", "obstacle1n", "obstruction3n", "roadblock1n" ; :wordnet "barrier", "obstacle", "obstruction", "roadblock" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BlockingSituation' is a situation that can make an Action by an agent impossible (not merely difficult)). In order to 'find a way around' the barrier some aspect of the situation would need to be changed. This can include abstract hindrances such as lack of money, lack of permission, some insurmountable physical property, or intractable opposition (e.g. a wall of opposition). This use of 'barrier' is metaphorical. This does not have to be an Action by an agent, it can be a physical situation or the absence of some conditions for action. The physical barrier (of any kind) is 'Wall-GenericBarrier'; the metaphorical barrier is subtype 'BlockingSituation'. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'barrier' in WordNet and sense 1 of 'obstacle', as well as the metaphorial senses of 'wall': in WordNet: 2. (3) barrier, roadblock - (any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective; 'intolerance is a barrier to understanding') WN 'obstacle': 1. (5) obstacle, obstruction - (something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted; 'lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement'; 'the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education'; 'the filibuster was a major obstruction to the success of their plan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Barrier, :PersistentState . :BlockingTheViewOfSomething :en "blocking the view of something" ; :wnsense "occult3v" ; :wordnet "occult" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlockingaViewOfSomething'' is an Action in which one agent itself moves or causes a different 'blocking' opaque Object to move into a location where the blocking object is between a second object and an Observer, thereby causing the second object to become invisible to the Observer until the second object or the 'blocking' object moves so that the 'blocking' object is no longer in the line between observer and the second object. While the 'blocking' object *is* in the line between observer and the second object, the second object (or some part of it) cannot be seen by the Observer. The blocking action may be completely natural (see ''Eclipse'') or unintended, or intentional. This type is intended to broadly cover all Events where one body blocks some Observer's view of a second body. This includes some animal 'hiding behind' an opaque object, or Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'occult' in WordNet: 3. occult - (hide from view; 'The lids were occulting her eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Looking ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpaqueObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Translocation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :BlockingTheWay :ldoce "block" ; :wnsense "bar2v", "barricade1v", "block off2v", "block up1v", "block1v", "blockade2v", "stop10v" ; :wordnet "bar", "barricade", "block", "block off", "block up", "blockade", "stop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BlockingTheWay' is an Action in which one agent puts some physical obstacle, which could be the agent's body, in a passageway so as to prevent others from entering into the passage (which could be a portal such as a door, or a hallway, or a road, etc. The BlockingTheWay action may be unintentional, as when debris from an an accident blocks a roadway. To fit into this category, the ''Barricade'' produced must present an impassible barrier, not just an impediment, i.e, not passable unless removed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'block' in WordNet: 1. (7) barricade, block, blockade, stop, block off, block up, bar - (render unsuitable for passage; 'block the way'; 'barricade the streets'; 'stop the busy road') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingAction, :ForbiddingEntry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Barricade ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BlockingTraffic :en "block traffic" ; :eng "blocking traffic" ; :env "block traffic" ; :guid "bdc40232-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of all events of blocking traffic. Each instance of #$BlockingTraffic is also a purposeful action done by some agent with a purpose of stopping the traffic on a certain path. For any #$BlockingTraffic, there is at least one #$objectActedOn which is a #$Path-Customary (e.g., a bridge which is broken or a road which is blocked to prevent vehicles or people from passing through it). NOTE: this is broader than the CYC glos suggests, in that the' 'traffic' blocked may be traveling on sea or in the air, arriving a by more than one route. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :ObstructionEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlockingTheWay ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Traffic ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Bloke :wnsense "bloke1n", "geezer1n" ; :wordnet "bloke", "geezer" ; a :AnimalType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloke' in WordNet: 1. (1) geezer, bloke - (a man who is (usually) old and/or eccentric) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eccentric, :Man . :Blonde :wnsense "blond1n", "blonde1n" ; :wordnet "blond", "blonde" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person with ''BlondeHair''. Most commonly used of women. NOTE: at this point not restricted to naturally blond people - perhaps needs a subtype? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blond' in WordNet: 1. blond, blonde - (a person with fair skin and hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlondeHair ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :BlondeColor :guid "2c881676-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "blond2n", "blonde2n" ; :wordnet "blond", "blonde" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :HairColorType, :YellowColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color of ''BlondeHair''. NOTE: the term 'blonde' is most commonly applied to ''HeadHair'' but is also used to characterize theolor of some yellowish ''Wood''s. Cyc: The human hair color blonde, a kind of yellow or gold or very light brown. NOTE: this is an attribute, but in WN appears only as a noun. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blonde' in WordNet: 2. blond, blonde - (a light grayish yellow to near white) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairColorValue, :Yellowish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlondeHair ; owl:onProperty :isTheColorOf ] . :BlondeHair a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: some quantity of blonde hair - at least on the head, and perhaps on other body parts. Variable color from 'BrilliantOrangeYellow-Color' to ''BlondeColor'' any yellowish color, represented as any instance of ''YellowColorType''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColoredThing, :HairOnHead-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ; owl:someValuesFrom :YellowColorType ] . :Blood :guid "bd58c8f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "blood" ; :wnsense "blood1n" ; :wordnet "blood" ; a :FluidType, :LocationType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: we redefine this as a fluid substance, not an object. Therefore the Cyc restriction (below) that Blood cannot be dried has been migrated to the type 'BloodOject'. Dried blood is a separate Type, 'DriedBloodObject'. Both wet and dried blood is considered in COSMO to be 'composed of' 'Blood'. Cyc: The collection of all volumes of live blood. Each instance is a portion of fluid that circulates in an #$Animal's #$CirculatorySystem or that is preserved in a living state outside of a body. Dried blood, blood stains, and scabs are not considered to be #$Blood but (#$DeadFn #$Blood). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood' in WordNet: 1. (637) blood - (the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped by the heart; 'blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries waste products away'; 'the ancients believed that blood was the seat of the emotions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :InternalBodyFluid, :RedSubstance, :Suspension, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodCell ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WhiteBloodCell ; owl:onProperty :contains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RedBloodCell ; owl:onProperty :contains ] . :BloodCell :guid "beaf4e02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blood cell1n", "blood corpuscle1n", "corpuscle2n" ; :wordnet "blood cell", "blood corpuscle", "corpuscle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all living #$Cells that form part of the #$Blood. This collection includes #$RedBloodCells, #$WhiteBloodCells, and #$Platelets. #$Cells from infecting organisms or freefloating #$Cancer #$Cells in the #$Blood are not members of this collection. #$BloodCells are #$AnimalBLOs and #$anatomicalParts of #$Animals whose #$CirculatorySystem they are in. #$BloodCells in a #$CirculatorySystem are #$AnimalBodyParts, but outside such a system (e.g. in a BloodBank or #$DigestiveSystem) they are not. SUMO: A Cell that is normally present in Blood. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood cell' in WordNet: 1. blood cell, blood corpuscle, corpuscle - (either of two types of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and sometimes including platelets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBLO, :Cell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodObject ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ] . :BloodCirculation :en "blood circulation" ; :enn "blood circulation" ; :wnsense "circulate4v", "circulation2n" ; :wordnet "circulate", "circulation" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BloodCirculation'' is a ''MovingInaLoop'' in which Blood moves around from the heart through the arteries and veins in an Animal back to the heart, transporting oxygen and nutrents and disposing of waste during the curcuit. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'circulation' (the blood) in WordNet: 2. (1) circulation - (movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodFlow, :MovingInaLoop, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodVessel ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimalBody ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CirculatorySystem ; owl:onProperty :isaDesignFunctionOf ] . :BloodClot :wnsense "blood clot1n", "grume2n" ; :wordnet "blood clot", "grume" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BloodClot'' is a ''Clot'' produced from a ''BloodObject'' by a ''Clotting'' Action Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood clot' in WordNet: 1. blood clot, grume - (a semisolid mass of coagulated red and white blood cells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clot, :DriedBloodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObjectType :BloodObject :Blood ) ] ] . :BloodCoagulation :isaDesignFunctionOf :Blood ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BloodCoagulation'' is the Process in which ''Blood'' changes from a liquid to a solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coagulation' in WordNet: 1. (1) curdling, clotting, coagulation - (the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clotting, :PhysiologicalFunction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BloodDisease :wnsense "blood disease1n", "blood disorder1n", "blood dyscrasia1n" ; :wordnet "blood disease", "blood disorder", "blood dyscrasia" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BloodDisease'' is a subtype of 'dyscrasia' in WordNet, not represented yet. In COSMO an ''AilmentCondition'' is broader than just 'disease'. There are intermediate types in WordNet that may be inserted if there are logical differences that can be identified. Includes noun sense 1 of 'blood dyscrasia' and sense 1 of 'blood disease' in WordNet: 1. blood dyscrasia - (any abnormal condition of the blood) WN noun 'blood disease' 1. blood disease, blood disorder - (a disease or disorder of the blood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :BloodFeedingArthropod :en "blood feeding arthropod" ; :enn "blood feeding arthropod" ; :guid "bd73e270-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Arthropods that take a blood meal. These arthropods are frequently infection vectors for a number of viruses and bacteria-causing diseases. Infected arthropods carry the pathogens, and when they take a blood meal from another animal, those pathogens are passed to the animal.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arthropod, :Parasite . :BloodFlow :en "blood flow" ; :enn "blood flow" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BloodFlow'' represents any Event in which some quantity of ''Blood'' in a living ''Animal'' moves within the animal, or is emitted from the animal. This includes blood circulation and bleeding, whether internal or external. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :FluidFlow-Translation, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :BloodObject a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some quantity of blood, whether in situ in an animal, or external - as long as it is still liquid.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBLO, :LiquidObject, :OrganismPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :BloodObjectInSitu a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some quantity of blood that is still inside an animal. It need not be the whole blood complement of an animal. 'ArterialBlood' would be an example.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodObject . :BloodOxygen :hasMainComponentSubstance :Oxygen ; :isaComponentSubstanceOf :Blood ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oxygen'' that is dissolved in the Blood of an animal. NOTE: rev1261 this is a stub and needs to be related to some measure, and perhaps to other dissolved substances. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oxygen, :Solute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :isaSoluteOf ] . :BloodPlasma :guid "bd58c86e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plasm2n", "plasma1n" ; :wordnet "plasm", "plasma" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BloodPlasma'' is the fluid component of ''Blood'' and lymph 'without the cells'(WN). BUT WN gloss says 'erythroctes are suspended' - contradiction. Need good technical definition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plasma' in WordNet: 1. (5) plasma, plasm - (colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :InternalBodyFluid, :Suspension . :BloodPressure :takesValue :PressureMeasure ; :wnsense "blood pressure1n" ; :wordnet "blood pressure" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The numbers used to measure ''BloodPressure'' are millimeters of mercury, The average sea level air pressure is 29.92 inches of mercury, about 760 millimeters. The pressure value measured clinically is a pressure value *above* atmospheric pressure. NOTE that a ''BloodPressure'', as a ''VitalSign'' is considered a ''PhysiologicalProcess'', though it has aspects of an AttributeType. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood pressure' in WordNet: 1. (2) blood pressure - (the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health; 'adult blood pressure is considered normal at 120/80 where the first number is the systolic pressure and the second is the diastolic pressure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pressure, :VitalSign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PressureMeasure ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pressure ; owl:onProperty :isMeasuredBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodVessel ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ] . :BloodPressureTest :en "blood pressure test", "measuring blood pressure" ; :enn "blood pressure test", "measuring blood pressure" ; :guid "c0fbcb67-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all blood pressure tests. NOTE: this can be done at home with electrical devices, sodoes not require a medically trained person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalTesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodPressure ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sphygmomanometer ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :BloodRelative a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BloodRelative'' is one of a Group of ''Kinsman''s who are ''RelatedByBlood''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood relative' in WordNet: 1. (1) blood relation, blood relative, cognate, sib - (one related by blood or origin; especially on sharing an ancestor with another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kinsman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeadOrAlive ; owl:onProperty :hasVitalityAttribute ] . :BloodRelatives :en "blood relatives" ; :ennp "blood relatives" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BloodRelative'' is one of a Group of ''Kinsman''s who are ''RelatedByBlood''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BloodRelative ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BloodSerum :wnsense "blood serum1n", "serum1n" ; :wordnet "blood serum", "serum" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BloodSerum'' is the fluid component of ''Blood'' remaining after coagulation - without the cells. Subtype of ''Plasma''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'serum' in WordNet: 1. (34) serum, blood serum - (watery fluid of the blood that resembles plasma but contains fibrinogen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :InternalBodyFluid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ] . :BloodStain :en "blood stain" ; :wnsense "bloodstain1n" ; :wordnet "bloodstain" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BloodStain'' is a 'Stain' that consists mostly of ''Blood'', whether fresh or dried.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloodstain' in WordNet: 1. bloodstain - (a discoloration caused by blood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stain, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :BloodTest :guid "c0fd5882-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blood test1n" ; :wordnet "blood test" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An analytical test to determine the presence and/or concentration of specific substances in the blood. Each test is a measuring of the concentration of some one or small number of substances in a sample. CYC: Blood is tested to determine the presence and amount of certain substances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood test' in WordNet: 1. blood test - (a serologic analysis of a sample of blood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalAnalyticalTest, :MedicalTesting, :Searching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConcentrationMeasurementResult ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ] . :BloodTransfusionEvent :guid "bd66e447-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blood transfusion1n", "transfusion1n" ; :wordnet "blood transfusion", "transfusion" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An event in which a discrete amount of a donor's blood is transfused into another organism. During an element of #$BloodTransfusionEvent, that entire discrete portion of blood moves entirely from the donor to the person being donated to. A #$BloodTransfusionEvent will have a #$BloodTransfusionProcess subEvent. This unit is not coextensive with #$BloodTransfusionProcess, since a #$BloodTransfusionEvent will have other #$subEvents, such as inserting the IV needle into the recipient's vein. Needs more detail about method: tubes from a contianer into the body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transfusion' in WordNet: 1. (1) transfusion, blood transfusion - (the introduction of blood or blood plasma into a vein or artery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfusingaLiquid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MedicalCareProvider ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BloodTypeAB :guid "c0fd4be2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Blood type AB. SUMO: The subclass of Blood that contains both AntigenA and AntigenB.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blood . :BloodVessel :guid "bd58f196-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blood vessel1n" ; :wordnet "blood vessel" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Tubular animal tissue which acts as a conduit for blood. SUMO: Any BodyVessel which is used to circulate Blood from one part of the body to another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blood vessel' in WordNet: 1. (4) blood vessel - (a vessel in which blood circulates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :FluidConduit, :TubularObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CirculatorySystem ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Bloodbath :wnsense "battue2n", "bloodbath1n", "bloodletting2n", "bloodshed2n" ; :wordnet "battue", "bloodbath", "bloodletting", "bloodshed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloodbath' in WordNet: 1. bloodbath, bloodletting, bloodshed, battue - (indiscriminate slaughter; 'a bloodbath took place when the leaders of the plot surrendered'; 'ten days after the bloodletting Hitler gave the action its name'; 'the valley is no stranger to bloodshed and murder'; 'a huge prison battue was ordered') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Massacre, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "5" ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ] . :Bloodhound :guid "bec7d97a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bloodhound1n", "sleuthhound1n" ; :wordnet "bloodhound", "sleuthhound" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of large dogs; considered among the most gentle and easy-going of dogs.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bloodhound' in WordNet: 1. (2) bloodhound, sleuthhound - (a breed of large powerful hound of European origin having very acute smell and used in tracking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrackingAnAnimal ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :Bloodshot :isAnAttributeValueOf :MammalEye ; :wnsense "bloodshot1adj" ; :wordnet "bloodshot" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bloodshot' in Wordnet: 1. bloodshot - ((of an eye) reddened as a result of locally congested blood vessels; inflamed; 'bloodshot eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reddened . :Bloody :ened "bloodied" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Bloodying ; :wnsense "bloody1adj" ; :wordnet "bloody" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bloody'' is the attribute of an Object that has been stained by ''Bloodying''. 'bloody stools' WN 'bloodied' refers only to the nose.That term can also be used for something stained by ''Bloodying''. 1. bloodied - (having been caused to bleed; 'a bloodied nose') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bloody' in WordNet: 1. (8) bloody - (having or covered with or accompanied by blood; 'a bloody nose'; 'your scarf is all bloody'; 'the effects will be violent and probably bloody'; 'a bloody fight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stained . :BloodyStools :en "bloody stools" ; :enn "bloody stools" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BloodyStools'' is a medical term used for ''Feces'' that has perceptible or otherwise detectable ''Blood'' in it. Having ''BloodyStools'' is a symptom of some form of 'AilmentCondition'' such as ''ColonCancer''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feces, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bloody ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingBloodyStools ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Bloodying :wnsense "bloody1v" ; :wordnet "bloody" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bloodying'' is an Event in which ''Blood'' of some kind becomes attached to th surface of some solid object, so as to be visible. This is usually applied to events where more than a small spot of blood is visible.. The blood can be from any source - a person's own blood can soil clothing if that Person is wounded. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bloody' in WordNet: 1. bloody - (cover with blood; 'bloody your hands') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Staining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DirtyObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodStain ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObjectType ] . :Blooming :wnsense "bloom1n", "bloom1v", "blooming1n", "blossom1v", "flower1v" ; :wordnet "bloom", "blooming", "blossom", "flower" ; a :ActionType, :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bloom' in WordNet: 1. (11) bloom, blossom, flower - (produce or yield flowers; \"The cherry tree bloomed\") WN noun 'blooming': 1. (3) blooming, bloom - (the organic process of bearing flowers; 'you will stop all bloom if you let the flowers go to seed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantOrganicProcess, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flower ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Blouse :guid "be01fa9b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blouse1n" ; :wordnet "blouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blouse' in WordNet: 1. blouse - (a top worn by women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shirt, :WomensClothing . :Blow :wnsense "blow2n", "bump3n" ; :wordnet "blow", "bump" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Blow'' is forceful ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' that impacts some part of a ''SolidObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blow' in WordNet: 2. (7) blow, bump - (an impact (as from a collision); 'the bump threw him off the bicycle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colliding, :StrikingAnObjectEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ] . :BlowDrying :wnsense "blow-dry1v" ; :wordnet "blow-dry" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlowDrying'' is a subtye of ''Drying'' in which something is dried by directing a stream of hot air from a ''Blower'' (inicluding ''HairDrier''s) at it Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blow-dry' in WordNet: 1. blow-dry - (dry hair with a hair dryer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WetObject ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blower ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairDrier ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :BlowToTheHead :en "blow to the head", "impact on the head", "impact to the head" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BlowToTheHead'' is ''BodyBlow'' that impacts the ''Head'' of an animal. This is almost always used in teference to people. In soccer, a 'header' is the act of hitting the soccer ball with the head. This does cause an impact on the head, but that is relativelt mild and not likely to cause any injury, as can head impacts in boxing or football. NO WN sense for this. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyBlow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concussion ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Blower :wnsense "blower1n" ; :wordnet "blower" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PropellingDevice'' that causes a current of a Gas to flow, whether into free air or through some tube or orifice. NOTE: this does not necessarily blow ''Air'' and the gas blown is not necesarily hot. Subtypes are more specific. In addition to 'HairDrier''s there are blowers that blow air onto moist or wet floors to dry them, and there are not hand-held but typcally on the floor when in use. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blower' in Wordnet: 1. (3) blower - (a device that produces a current of air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :PropellingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :propels ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidType ] . :BlowingAir :wnsense "blow13v" ; :wordnet "blow" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlowingAir'' is ''PropellingAir'' with some Device. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 13 of 'blow' in Wordnet: 13. blow - (cause air to go in, on, or through; 'Blow my hair dry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropellingAir, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blower ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :BlowingAirFromLungs :guid "c0fd5a87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "blow" ; :wnsense "blow11v", "blow1v" ; :wordnet "blow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Expelling air from the lungs in a controlled manner, whether for playing a flute or extinguishing flames on a group of birthday candles. Includes verb senses 1 and 11 of 'blow' in WordNet: 1. (6) blow - (exhale hard; 'blow on the soup to cool it down') 11. blow - (play or sound a wind instrument; 'She blew the horn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exhaling, :VoluntaryBodyMovement . :BlowingOutaBirthdayCandle :en "blowing out a birthday candle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlowingOutaBirthdayCandle'' is a ''BlowingOutaBurningObject'' in which the object is a ''LightedBirthdayCandle'' that is lighted (''Burning'') and on top of a '''BirthdayCake''; this occurs as a common part of a ''BirthdayCelebration''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlowingOutaBurningObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthdayCelebration ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightedBirthdayCandle ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :BlowingOutaBurningObject :en "blowing out a flame" ; :wnsense "blow out2v" ; :wordnet "blow out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlowingOutaBurningObject'' is a ''BlowingAirFromLungs'' forcefully in order to extinguish the flames on a burning object. ??Perhaps the ''BlowingAirFromLungs'' should be a subevent instead of the parent type?? Corresponds to *part* of verb sense 2 of 'blow out' in WordNet: 2. snuff out, blow out, extinguish, quench - (put out, as of fires, flames, or lights; 'Too big to be extinguished at once, the forest fires at best could be contained'; 'quench the flames'; 'snuff out the candles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlowingAirFromLungs, :ExtinguishingaFire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BurningObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :BlowingSomethingUp :guid "5084d99c-9127-41d7-8978-ebe12cb0eac7" ; :ldoce "blow" ; :wnsense "blow up1v" ; :wordnet "blow up" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type is for intentionally destroying something by means of an artifact explosive device. The CYC sense includes natural events, which are excluded from this type. This includes the action of an agent to initiate an explosive device, the explosion of the device, and the consequent disruption of the object being blown up. NOTE that we relate 'Explosion' (the intransitive act of something exploding) as a subevent, not as a causal event nor as the starting Event; this is because this type includes whatever actions are required for an agent to initiate the explosion - therefore this Event starts before the actual explosion itself. CYC: A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent and #$ActionOnObject. In each instance of #$BlowingSomethingUp, some instance of #$PartiallyTangible is damaged by an instance of #$Explosion. This collection includes the notable specialization #$Bombing, as well as instances of blowing up a mountain to make room for a road, or blowing up a piece of land in order to make a mine shaft. Also included in this collection are naturally occuring instances of #$BlowingSomethingUp. Lightning hitting an object may cause the object to explode under the right circumstances. NOTE that in COSMO this is restricted to Actions intentionally caused by Agents. However, BlowingSomethingUp does not have to be a 'ViolentAction' because it could be merely part of a peaceful and legal excavation process. In that case, what is 'destroyed' is the land form that existed prior to excavation. For bad blowing-ups see 'Bombing'. None of the 22 verb senses of 'blow' in WordNet have this meaning, though phrases like 'blow the bridge'are not uncommon. This includes verb sense 1 of 'blow up' in WordNet, though that sense seems to focus on the explosion of the detonating device rather than on destroying something with an explosive device. No WordNet sense seems to cover this meaning, and WN sense 1 comes closest: in WordNet: 1. (4) explode, detonate, blow up, set off - (cause to burst with a violent release of energy; \"We exploded the nuclear bomb\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :IntentionalDestruction, :UsingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExplosiveDevice ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Explosion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BlowingTheNose :en "blow one's nose", "blow the nose", "blowing one's nose", "blowing the nose" ; :enn "blowing one's nose", "blowing the nose" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BlowingTheNose'' is the act of intentionally exhaling vigorously through the nostrils, for the purpose of expelling mucus in the nasal passages. No WN sense can be found. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, :Exhaling, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snot ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ] . :Blubber :wnsense "blubber1n" ; :wordnet "blubber" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Blubber is an edible fat - eaten by some Eskimos.. RHW: 1. Zool. the fat layer between the skin and muscle of whales and other cetaceans, from which oil is made. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blubber' in WordNet: 1. blubber - (an insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales and other large marine mammals; used as a source of oil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFat, :Mixture, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeaMammal ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Blue :guid "499d948c-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "blue" ; :wnsense "blue1n" ; :wordnet "blue" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color blue. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'blue' in WordNet (the truer blue, without admixture of other colors): in WordNet: 1. (9) blue, blueness - (blue color or pigment; resembling the color of the clear sky in the daytime; 'he had eyes of bright blue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bluish . :BlueCollarWorker :guid "bd58aecd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation and an instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$BlueCollarWorker is a person whose occupation is manual-labor intensive, sometimes demanding physical strength and, in some jobs, considerable skill, practical judgment, and work experience. Types of blue-collar workers include miners, truck drivers, steelworkers, construction workers, agricultural workers, laborers, mechanics, garbage collectors, assembly line workers, janitorial workers, etc. Their jobs may require some specialized training or apprenticeship but don't require a college degree. Cf. #$WhiteCollarWorker. @ToDo1: add Attribute: 1. (1) blue-collar - (of or designating manual industrial work or workers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation . :BlueColor :isTheEntity :Blue ; :isaFavoriteOf :PatrickCassidy ; :isaFavoriteOfType :Color ; a :Favorite ; rdfs:comment """This assertion specifies that 'Blue' is an instance of 'Favorite', and that it is a favorite of type 'Color', and that it is a favorite color of PatrickCassidy. To specify that 'Blue' is a favorite color of other people, other instances of 'Favorite' should be created.""" . :BlueWhale :guid "bd58980b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Balaenoptera musculus1n", "blue whale1n", "sulfur bottom1n" ; :wordnet "Balaenoptera musculus", "blue whale", "sulfur bottom" ; a :EndangeredSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth. These magnificent marine mammals rule the oceans at up to 100 feet (30 meters) long and upwards of 200 tons (181 metric tons). Their tongues alone can weigh as much as an elephant. Their hearts, as much as an automobile. Blue whales reach these mind-boggling dimensions on a diet composed nearly exclusively of tiny shrimplike animals called krill. During certain times of the year, a single adult blue whale consumes about 4 tons (3.6 metric tons) of krill a day. Blue whales are baleen whales, which means they have fringed plates of fingernail-like material, called baleen, attached to their upper jaws. The giant animals feed by first gulping an enormous mouthful of water, expanding the pleated skin on their throat and belly to take it in. Then the whale's massive tongue forces the water out through the thin, overlapping baleen plates. Thousands of krill are left behind, and then swallowed. From: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/blue-whale.html Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blue whale' in WordNet: 1. blue whale, sulfur bottom, Balaenoptera musculus - (largest mammal ever known; bluish-grey migratory whalebone whale mostly of southern hemisphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaleenWhale, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "180000000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :Blueberry :wnsense "blueberry2n" ; :wordnet "blueberry" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Blueberry'' is a small Berry, smaller than a 'marble'. that is a deep blue when ripe. Used to make blueberry pies. Yum. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blueberry' in WordNet: 2. blueberry - (sweet edible dark-blue berries of either low-growing or high-growing blueberry plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Berry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlueberryBush ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :BlueberryBush :wnsense "blueberry bush1n", "blueberry1n" ; :wordnet "blueberry", "blueberry bush" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blueberry bush' in WordNet: 1. blueberry, blueberry bush - (any of numerous shrubs of the genus Vaccinium bearing blueberries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :CropPlant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blueberry ; owl:onProperty :bearsFruitType ] . :BluegrassMusic :en "bluegrass music" ; :guid "be215f24-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bluegrass3n" ; :wordnet "bluegrass" ; a :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bluegrass' in WordNet: 3. bluegrass (a type of country music played at a rapid tempo on banjos and guitars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CountryMusic . :Blueprint :guid "c0fce33c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blueprint2n" ; :wordnet "blueprint" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Diagrams and plans for the construction of a building. SUMO: An Icon which is a scale model of an Artifact, whether the Artifact actually exists or not. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blueprint' in WordNet: 2. blueprint - (photographic print of plans or technical drawings etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :HumanAccessibleIBO, :PaperObject, :StillImage . :Bluff :wnsense "bluff1n" ; :wordnet "bluff" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bluff'' is a ''LandRidge'' that is ''\"Steep'' and usually formed by erosion by a River,though the River that formed the ''Bluff'' may no longer flow nearby, so this is not necessarily a ''RiverBank''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bluff' in WordNet: 1. (5) bluff - (a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandRidge, :OutdoorObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steep ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :High ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bluffing :wnsense "bluff2n", "bluff2v" ; :wordnet "bluff" ; a :EventType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bluffing'' is a ''Pretending'' (an attempt to Deceive) that is also a 'FrighteningEvent' within a context of a ''ConflictEvent'', with the goal of causing a Person to do something by causing Fear that the ''Bluffing'' Person will inflict some harm (possibly as minimal as winning a friendly game, possibly as catastrophic as killing a military force). Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'bluff' in WordNet: 1. bluff, bluff out - (deceive an opponent by a bold bet on an inferior hand with the result that the opponent withdraws a winning hand) 2. bluff - (frighten someone by pretending to be stronger than one really is) WN noun 'bluff': 2. (2) bluff - (pretense that your position is stronger than it really is; 'his bluff succeeded in getting him accepted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrighteningEvent, :Pretending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WinningaContest ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConflictEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :BluffingAtCards :wnsense "bluff out1v", "bluff1v", "bluff3n" ; :wordnet "bluff", "bluff out" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BluffingAtCards'' is a ''Bluffing'' Action that occurs within a context of a ''PlayingACardGame'' Event (usually ''PlayingAPokerGame''). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bluff' in WordNet: 1. bluff, bluff out - (deceive an opponent by a bold bet on an inferior hand with the result that the opponent withdraws a winning hand) WN noun 'bluff': 3. bluff, four flush - (the act of bluffing in poker; deception by a false show of confidence in the strength of your cards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bluffing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WinningaContest ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingACardGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Bluish :guid "797adc74-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "bluish1n" ; :wordnet "bluish" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$BlueColor. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'bluish' in WordNet: 1. (1) blue, bluish, blueish - (of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky; 'October's bright blue weather'- Helen Hunt Jackson; 'a blue flame'; 'blue haze of tobacco smoke') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :Blunt :isTheOppositeOf :Sharp ; :wnsense "blunt2adj" ; :wordnet "blunt" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having an edge or point that is rounded and unsuitable for cutting. Less sharp than ''DullEdged''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'blunt' in Wordnet: 2. (1) blunt - (used of a knife or other blade; not sharp; 'a blunt instrument') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Blurry :isTheOppositeOf :InFocus ; :wnsense "bleary2adj", "blurred1adj", "blurry1adj", "foggy3adj", "fuzzy2adj", "hazy2adj", "muzzy1adj" ; :wordnet "bleary", "blurred", "blurry", "foggy", "fuzzy", "hazy", "muzzy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blurry' in Wordnet: 1. bleary, blurred, blurry, foggy, fuzzy, hazy, muzzy - (indistinct or hazy in outline; 'a landscape of blurred outlines'; 'the trees were just blurry shapes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :BlurtingOut :wnsense "blunder out1v", "blunder3v", "blurt out1v", "blurt1v", "ejaculate1v" ; :wordnet "blunder", "blunder out", "blurt", "blurt out", "ejaculate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'blurt out' in WordNet: 1. blurt out, blurt, blunder out, blunder, ejaculate - (utter impulsively; 'He blurted out the secret'; 'He blundered his stupid ideas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking . :BlushWine :guid "060b6370-73d7-41d8-8537-fba3bcdb8129" ; :wnsense "blush wine1n", "pink wine1n", "rose wine1n", "rose2n" ; :wordnet "blush wine", "pink wine", "rose", "rose wine" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of blush wine. This kind of wine, which originated in California, is made by briefly leaving the skins of black grapes in the juice. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blush wine' in WordNet: 1. blush wine, pink wine, rose, rose wine - (pinkish table wine from red grapes whose skins were removed after fermentation began) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wine . :Blushing :isAnAttributeValueOf :Face ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BlushingResponse ; :wnsense "blushful1adj", "blushing2adj", "red-faced2adj" ; :wordnet "blushful", "blushing", "red-faced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'blushing' in WordNet: 2. blushful, blushing, red-faced - (having a red face from embarrassment or shame or agitation or emotional upset; 'the blushing boy was brought before the Principal'; 'her blushful beau'; 'was red-faced with anger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reddened . :BlushingResponse :en "blushing" ; :guid "bd58a18b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTypicallyPerformedAt :Face ; :wnsense "blush2n", "blush2v", "flush7n" ; :wordnet "blush", "flush" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: The process of turning red in response to a stimulus which has a deep emotional effect. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'blush' in WordNet: 2. blush, flush - (sudden reddening of the face (as from embarrassment or guilt or shame or modesty)) WN verb 'blush': 2. blush - (become rosy or reddish; 'her cheeks blushed in the cold winter air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyResponse, :Reddening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blushing ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :BoaConstrictor :guid "bd58fb08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bee06c07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boa constrictor1n" ; :wordnet "boa constrictor" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """. CYC A specialization of #$Constrictor. Each instance of #$BoaConstrictor is a member of the species Constrictor constrictor. Boa constrictors are non-poisonous tropical snakes. They are found in Central and South America and often reach lengths of up to 1.5m. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boa constrictor' in Wordnet: 1. (6) boa constrictor, Constrictor constrictor - (very large boa of tropical America and West Indies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constrictor . :Board :ldoce "board" ; :wnsense "board2n", "board3n", "board5n" ; :wordnet "board" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sheet-like object that is significantly stiffer than 20-pound paper and will not droop when one end is held horizontal; it is rigid and can be of any material. This includes thicknesses up to and including wooden boards used in construction, as long as the length/thickness ratio is greater than 5 (less than that would be a 'Block'). This is very generic: when referrd to linguistically as a 'board' the composition is usually cellulosic, either wood or paper stiffened with glue, or some glued composite. But a stiff sheet made of plastic (such as a whiteboard) may also be called a 'Board', and a blackboard made of slate is a Board. A piece of cardboard thick enough not to droop is also a Board. A sheet of metal or glass would usually be referred to as a 'plate' (for the metal sheet use ''MetalPlate''). The subtypes should segregate lumber from the others, but that hasn't yet (rev953) been done. A 'game board' is represented more specifically as the subtype 'GameBoard'. Includes senses 2,3, and 5 of 'board' and sense 1 of 'plate' in WordNet; sense 5 of 'board' is also represented as the subtype 'GameBoard': in WordNet: 2. (94) board - (a flat piece of material designed for a special purpose; 'he nailed boards across the windows') 3. (38) board, plank - (a stout length of sawn timber; made in a wide variety of sizes and used for many purposes) 5. (11) board, gameboard - (a flat portable surface (usually rectangular) designed for board games; 'he got out the board and set up the pieces') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :BoardOrRod, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BoardGame :wnsense "board game1n" ; :wordnet "board game" ; a :GameType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of a large variety of Games that use a flat board with markings to control the action of the game, usually but not necessarily played indoors, while sitting. Not an athletic sport. In some ''BoardGame''s such as ''Darts'' or archery, the board is oriented vertically or almost completely vertically, and the markings indicate toward where the propelled missiles are to be aimed. NOTE: this is the specification for a board game; for the actual playing the game, use ''PlayingABoardGame''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'board game' in WordNet: 1. board game - (a game played on a specially designed board) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GameBoard ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :BoardGame-EquipmentSet :en "board game set", "complete board game" ; :guid "bd957d3c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all board games equipment sets, e.g. board + pieces + dice for backgammon, board + pieces for chess, or checkers etc ... Every ''BoardGame-EquipmentSet'' has to include a ''GameBoard''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game-EquipmentSet, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingABoardGame ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GameBoard ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BoardOfDirectors :wnsense "board of directors1n", "directorate1n" ; :wordnet "board of directors", "directorate" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BoardOfDirectors'' is a ''SupervisoryBoard'' for some Corporation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'board of directors' in WordNet: 1. (3) directorate, board of directors - (a group of persons chosen to govern the affairs of a corporation or other large institution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupervisoryBoard . :BoardOfDirectorsMember :wnsense "director2n" ; :wordnet "director" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BoardOfDirectorsMember'' is an ''OrganizationMember where the ''Organization'' is a 'Board Of Directors' of some Corporation.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'director' in WordNet: 2. (6) director - (member of a board of directors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationMember, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoardOfDirectors ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :BoardOrBlock :guid "c307f388-1e6c-41d7-85f2-e60bd5b3f373" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of material with flat, rectangular sides. Note that boards and blocks are lumped into a single concept, because the difference between these notions cannot be precisely defined.. If the length to width ratio gets high, it is no longer thought of as a block - perhaps a slab, board, or a beam. Limits not yet specified.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ConvexTangibleObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepiped ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepipedLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :BoardOrRod a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BoardOrRod'' is an aggregate type whose instances are either ''Board''s or ''Rod''s or other longish rigid objects used for supporting things or exterting forces on things. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :RigidObject . :BoardingAnAirplane :ldoce "board" ; :wnsense "board1v", "boarding1n" ; :wordnet "board", "boarding" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'boarding' in WordNet: 1. (2) boarding, embarkation, embarkment - (the act of passengers and crew getting aboard a ship or aircraft) WN verb 'board': 1. (5) board, get on - (get on board of (trains, buses, ships, aircraft, etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringAVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Airplane ] . :BoardingaShip :ldoce "board" ; :wnsense "board1v", "boarding1n", "embarkation1n", "embarkment1n" ; :wordnet "board", "boarding", "embarkation", "embarkment" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boarding' in WordNet: 1. (2) boarding, embarkation, embarkment - (the act of passengers and crew getting aboard a ship or aircraft) WN verb 'board': 1. (5) board, get on - (get on board of (trains, buses, ships, aircraft, etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringAVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ship ] . :Boardwalk :wnsense "boardwalk1n" ; :wordnet "boardwalk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Boardwalk'' is a ''Promenade'' made from wooden planks ('boards'), originally used to allow convenient walking over a beach area at a shoreline. A modern ''Boardwalk'' at a large shore City may have many supporting materials other than ''Wood'. But the originals were made of boards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boardwalk' in WordNet: 1. boardwalk - (a walkway made of wooden boards; usually at seaside) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Promenade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SandyBeach ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Boast :en "boast" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Boast'' is an ''Exaggeration'' about the speaker's own accomplishments, feats, or merits, produced by an ''Exaggerating'' Action. WN does not seem to have a 'boast' or 'brag' that does not suggest the Action. This is not the Action, it is the Assertional content (an abstract Object) of a ''Bragging'' action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exaggeration . :Boastful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Braggart, :Person ; :wnsense "big10adj", "boastful1adj", "braggart1adj", "bragging1adj", "braggy1adj", "cock-a-hoop1adj", "crowing1adj", "self-aggrandising2adj", "self-aggrandizing2adj" ; :wordnet "big", "boastful", "braggart", "bragging", "braggy", "cock-a-hoop", "crowing", "self-aggrandising", "self-aggrandizing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boastful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) boastful, braggart, bragging, braggy, big, cock-a-hoop, crowing, self-aggrandizing, self-aggrandising - (exhibiting self-importance; 'big talk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertive, :Proud . :Boat :hasSynonym :degen_Boot, :engen_boat ; :ldoce "boat" ; :wnsense "vessel2n" ; :wordnet "vessel" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Boat is a Watercraft of any size designed to transport things, whether objects or people, on or under the surface of the water, to have a cavity that serves as a container for the items transported, and to be able to float stably in the water by itself without support. The last requirement means that a Vessel must have a hull, and this eliminates water skis and other marginal 'water transport' watercraft. A Boat is not necessarily manned, may be user powered (as a Rowboat) and does not have any lower or upper limit of size. The Swan boats in the lake in Boston are Boats. However, toy boats that are designed for play and not to actually transport objects are not Vessels. Toy objects are representations of objects, rather than subclasses of the objects they represent. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vessel' in WordNet ('boat' in WordNet is restricted to small size boats): in WordNet: 2. (6) vessel, watercraft - (a craft designed for water transportation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TopAndBottomSidedObject, :Watercraft . :BoatCaptain :SUMO "ShipCaptain" ; :guid "bd589069-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "captain" ; :wnsense "captain2n", "captain4n", "master7n", "sea captain1n", "skipper2n", "skipper3n" ; :wordnet "captain", "master", "sea captain", "skipper" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BoatCaptain' is the person whose job is to be the person in charge of a boat. The boat may be small, but to be a 'Captain in this sense the job must be formal and the Captain licensed by some authority, not merely a person who assumes the task of running a boat as a recreation. The licensed Captain of a small charter boat is a captain. A person who owns and operates a small recreational boat is not a 'Captain' in this sense. For the captain of a naval vessel, see also 'Captain-Rank'; a person may be a 'Captain-Rank' but not be in charge of a vessel; or may be both a 'Captain-Rank' and a 'BoatCaptain'. This corresponds to sense 7 of 'captain' in RHW: 7. the commander of a merchant vessel. Cf. staff captain. SUMO (ShipCaptain): The class of Positions which involve the command of a ship. NOTE: A ship's Crew is viewed here as an Organization. This includes senses 2 and 4 of 'captain' in WordNet: 2. (14) captain, skipper - (the naval officer in command of a military ship) 4. (6) master, captain, sea captain, skipper - (an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficerInOrganization, :Sailor, :SkilledWorker . :BoatMovingInWaterEvent a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BoatMovingInWaterEvent' is the type including all Events characterized by a Boat moving on the surface of a BodyOfWater.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovingOnTheWaterSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Boating :guid "bd58c578-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boat1v", "boating1n", "yachting1n" ; :wordnet "boat", "boating", "yachting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all boating events. #$Boating does not include #$WaterSkiing or #$Surfing because they don't occur on boats. Also you don't steer the same way so anatomical resource requirements are stated differently. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boating' in WordNet: 1. (2) boating, yachting - (water travel for pleasure) WN verb 'boat': 1. boat - (ride in a boat on water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorActivity, :RecreationalActivity, :WaterTravel . :Bobcat :wnsense "Lynx rufus1n", "bay lynx1n", "bobcat1n" ; :wordnet "Lynx rufus", "bay lynx", "bobcat" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bobcat'' is a type of ''Lynx'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bobcat' in WordNet: 1. bobcat, bay lynx, Lynx rufus - (small lynx of North America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lynx, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NorthAmericaRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmallForaLynx ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ] . :Bobsled :guid "bd590716-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bob3n", "bobsled2n", "bobsleigh2n" ; :wordnet "bob", "bobsled", "bobsleigh" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bobsled' in WordNet: 2. bobsled, bobsleigh, bob - (a long racing sled (for 2 or more people) with a steering mechanism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sled . :Bodily :contrastsWith :Mental ; :ldoce "physical" ; :pertainsTo :HumanBody ; :wnsense "bodily1adj", "bodily2adj", "physical1adj" ; :wordnet "bodily", "physical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Bodily' is the attribute of something that pertains to a Person's body. This is usually used to distinguish processes and effects directly affecting the body from those that primarily affect the mind ('Mental'). Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'bodily' and sense 1 of 'physical' in WordNet: WN 'bodily' 1. bodily - (of or relating to or belonging to the body; 'a bodily organ'; 'bodily functions') 2. bodily, corporal, corporeal, somatic - (affecting or characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit; 'bodily needs'; 'a corporal defect'; 'corporeal suffering'; 'a somatic symptom or somatic illness') WN 'physical' 1. (29) physical - (involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit; 'physical exercise'; 'physical suffering'; 'was sloppy about everything but her physical appearance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BodilyCoordination :wnsense "coordination1n" ; :wordnet "coordination" ; a :AnimalMotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BodilyCoordination'' is a type of ''BodyMovementEvent'' performed by a Person in which the body parts moved, especially the hands and arms and legs and torso, move together smoothly to perform actions efficiently, and sometimes gracefully. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coordination' in WordNet: 1. (1) coordination - (the skillful and effective interaction of movements) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Efficient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BodilyFunctionEvent :en "body function" ; :guid "bd58f3d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$AnimalActivity and #$PhysiologicalProcess. Each specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent is a type of action done by an animal that can be (and often is) done without the doer's conscious volition. Specializations of #$BodilyFunctionEvent include #$Breathing, #$Swallowing, and #$DigestionEvent. If an instance of #$BodilyFunctionEvent involves the doer moving all or part of its body, either volitionally or as a reflex, it is also an instance of #$BodyMovementEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :PhysiologicalProcess, :SingleDoerAction . :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary :en "involuntary body function" ; :guid "bd59f763-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent. Each specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary is a type of event each instance of which is done without conscious volition. Consequently, in each instance of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, the 'doer' of the event is a non-deliberate actor in that event (see the predicate #$nonDeliberateActors). Specializations of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary include #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement, #$Bleeding, and #$ExperiencingHunger. SUMO (AutonomicProcess) The class of PhysiologicProcesses of which there is not conscious awareness and control""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalEvent, :BodilyFunctionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Involuntary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BodilyOrifice :guid "c04e1791-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "opening9n", "orifice1n", "porta1n" ; :wordnet "opening", "orifice", "porta" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances of #$BodilyOrifice are animal body parts, such as #$Nostrils, consisting of surface openings that lead into bodily cavities. COSMO note: this sense of 'orifice' includes internal openings in the body. For external openings use 'ExternalOrifice' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orifice' in WordNet: 1. (2) orifice, opening, porta - (an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity; \"the orifice into the aorta from the lower left chamber of the heart\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :CavityWithWalls, :OrganismAperture, :Portal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ] . :BodilyResilient :wnsense "resilient1adj" ; :wordnet "resilient" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resilient' in Wordnet: 1. resilient - (recovering readily from adversity, depression, or the like) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stalwart . :BodilyResponse :en "reacting" ; :isTypicallyPerformedAt :AnimalBody ; :wnsense "reaction2n", "response2n" ; :wordnet "reaction", "response" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any internal biochemical Event occurring inside an AnimalBody caused by some stimulus, usually external, but possibly internal (e.g. a pain caused by an Event, such as an infection). The 'adverse reaction'or 'side effect' ased by administered drugs would be a common subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'response' in WordNet: 2. (11) reaction, response - (a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some foregoing stimulus or agent; 'a bad reaction to the medicine'; 'his responses have slowed with age') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBody ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :Boding :wnsense "augur1v", "auspicate1v", "betoken2v", "bode1v", "forecast3v", "foreshadow1v", "foretell3v", "portend1v", "predict2v", "prefigure2v", "presage1v", "prognosticate1v" ; :wordnet "augur", "auspicate", "betoken", "bode", "forecast", "foreshadow", "foretell", "portend", "predict", "prefigure", "presage", "prognosticate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Boding'' is a type of ''Indicating'' in which signs present in some situation foretell (by any criterion) the likely occurrence of some FutureEvent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bode' in WordNet: 1. (1) bode, portend, auspicate, prognosticate, omen, presage, betoken, foreshadow, augur, foretell, prefigure, forecast, predict - (indicate by signs; 'These signs bode bad news') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indicating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :signifies ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :BodyBearing :wnsense "bearing4n", "carriage3n", "posture2n" ; :wordnet "bearing", "carriage", "posture" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BodyBearing'' is an AttributeType that includes both static and dynamic positions of an animal's body - describing how an animal moves *or* the type of position that describes the body's form, shape, or configuration when it is not moving. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bearing' in WordNet: 4. carriage, bearing, posture - (characteristic way of bearing one's body; 'stood with good posture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyProperty . :BodyBlow :wnsense "blow1n", "blow2n", "bump3n" ; :wordnet "blow", "bump" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BodyBlow'' is a ''Blow'' (a forceful ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'') that impacts some part of an animal's body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blow' in WordNet: 1. (25) blow - (a powerful stroke with the fist or a weapon; 'a blow on the head') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ] . :BodyCapsule :wnsense "capsule5n" ; :wordnet "capsule" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BodyCapsule'' is a ''Capsule'' that is part of the body of an Organism. This is generic, so it has little detail. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'capsule' in WordNet: 5. capsule - (a structure that encloses a body part) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capsule . :BodyCavity :en "body cavity" ; :wnsense "bodily cavity1n", "cavity4n", "cavum1n" ; :wordnet "bodily cavity", "cavity", "cavum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any enclosed space inside an animal that can contain fluid (gas or liquid), or other body parts, such as the peritoneal cavity.. A ''Cavity'' that is an evolutionarily developed part of an Animal Body. COSMO note: BodyCavity is interpreted as similar to a ''CavityWithWalls'' but does not have to be coompletely enclosed by well-defined walls; this is mostly the pure space region, not the contents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bodily cavity' in WordNet: 1. cavity, bodily cavity, cavum - ((anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityOrContainer, :Chamber . :BodyCovering a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any BodyPart which is a covering of another BodyPart or of an entire Organism. This would include the rinds of FruitOrVegetables and the skins of Animals, and the TreeBark of Trees.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPart, :Covering-Object, :Layer, :SurfaceOnTangibleObject . :BodyFitness :takesValue :PhysicallyFit ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BodyFitness'' is a subtype of ''BodyStrength'' indicating not only muscular strength but overall good condition including ''Stamina''.. See the state ''PhysicalFitness'' for the State of a Person having the associated attribute ''PhysicallyFit''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyStrength . :BodyFluid :isProducedNaturallyBy :Animal ; :wnsense "body fluid1n" ; :wordnet "body fluid" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """BodyFluids are fluids found in the bodies of animals, or secreted by animal, being predominantly water,but are not necessarily solely solutions, they may contain solids such as cells (in blood, urine). Extracellular material and mixtures of cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or secreted by an Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva, sweat, and gastric acid. Note that these substances are defined as liquids, and therefore frozen or dried forms do not fall into this category. If solid forms need to be represented, a different category related to this category can be created. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'body fluid' in WordNet: 1. liquid body substance, bodily fluid, body fluid, humor, humour - (the liquid parts of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySubstance, :LiquidMixture . :BodyLocalized :contrastsWith :Systemic ; :pertainsTo :AnimalBodyPart ; :wnsense "local3adj" ; :wordnet "local" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Localized' is an AttributeValue of ''PhysiologicalCondition''s, ''AilmentCondition''s or medical treatments (such as Anaesthesia) that affect only part of the body. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'local' in Wordnet: 3. local - (affecting only a restricted part or area of the body; 'local anesthesia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Localized . :BodyLocationAttribute :en "body location attribute" ; :enn "body location attribute" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BodyLocationAttribute'' is an AttributeValeu that asserts that the thing characterized is located at some particular part (or part type) in the body of some animal. This kind of attribute can use both ''pertainsTo'' and ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt'' to specify the location of the thing characterized. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute, :PertainingAttributeValue . :BodyMarking :en "body marking" ; :enn "body marking" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BodyMarking'' is a ''mark'' on the skin of a Person, anywhere on the body. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :BodyMotion :isaSynonymOf :BodyMovementEvent ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The SUMO equivalent of Cyc 'BodyMovementEvent. SUMO: Any Motion where the agent is an Organism and the patient is a BodyPart.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :BodyMovementEvent :en "body motion", "body movement" ; :guid "bd58f6e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalMotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AnimalActivity. Each instance of #$BodyMovementEvent is an event in which an #$Animal moves a part of its own body, whether intentionally or reflexively. Specializations of this collection include #$TakingAStep, #$BlockingAPunch, #$Hiccoughing, and #$Blinking. NOTE: there should be a subtype for specifically human movements? @ToDo. SUMO: called BodyMotion. SUMO: Any Motion where the agent is an Organism and the patient is a BodyPart. COSMO note: SUMO does not distinguish between voluntary and involuntary body movements, though the subtypes are all voluntary. To be inclusive, this Type is considered the equivalent of SUMO 'BodyMotion'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :Motion, :MovementOrShapeChangeEvent, :PerceivableHumanAction, :SingleDoerAction . :BodyOfAcceptedLore a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """BodyOfAcceptedLore is the type that represents all bodies of knowledge in some FieldOfStudy - whether scholarly or less formal - that are generally accepted by the practitioners in that field. A BodyOfAcceptedLore is one component of a FieldOfStudy - the other component being he methods of that field.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Proposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FieldOfStudy ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Fact ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BodyOfFreshWater :SUMO "FreshWaterArea" ; :en "body of fresh water" ; :enn "body of fresh water" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is a physical object consisting mostly of water and partly of the surface solid that serves as a container for the water. It is, not a region or area or substance. SUMO: 'FreshWaterArea' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, :FreshWaterObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water-Fresh ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :BodyOfIce :wnsense "ice mass1n" ; :wordnet "ice mass" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BodyOfIce'' is a large ''PlanetarySurfaceObject'' that consists mostly of ''Ice'' and persists on land for more than a year, though in water it could last a shorter time - it is not just a sheet of Ice on the ground in the winter time. This is mostly for ''Glacier''s and sheets of ice (as in Greenland an Antarctica). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice mass' in WordNet: 1. ice mass - (a large mass of ice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IceMass, :LargeObject, :PlanetarySurfaceObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :BodyOfPeople :en "body of people" ; :enn "body of people" ; :wnsense "body3n" ; :wordnet "body" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BodyOfPeople'' is any ''GroupOfPeople'' who share some attribute or each perform Actoin, and who forms the ''Majority'' of some larger ''GroupOfPeople''. The type of relation that can characterize this ''BodyOfPeople'' is too varied to enumerate. RHS 'body': 12. the major portion of an army, population, etc.: The body of the American people favors the president's policy. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'body' in WordNet: 3. (160) body - (a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; 'the whole body filed out of the auditorium') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :Majority, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jews ; owl:onProperty :isTheMajorityOf ] . :BodyOfSaltWater a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A WaterArea whose Water is saline, e.g. oceans and seas. OpenCyc: SeaWater: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$LiquidTangibleThing and #$Water-Saline. Each instance of #$SeaWater is a portion of salt water with the kind of mineral concentrations found in oceans (see the collection #$Ocean) - - including the oceans themselves.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water-Saline ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :BodyOfWater :SUMO "WaterArea" ; :en "water area" ; :guid "bd5884fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "body of water1n", "water2n" ; :wordnet "body of water", "water" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is a physical object located on the surface of a planet, which contains mostly water, but will also include a part of the land which serves as container ('basin') for the water; thus it is a subtype of 'ContainerAndContents'. To adhere to common usage, however, the portion of the container that is part of the BodyOfWater will be a very small fraction, so that a ''BodyOfWater'' can be considered as a LiquidObject. A ''BodyOfWater'' must have some degree of stability, so a 'puddle'of water after a rainstorm is a ''WaterObject'' but not a ''BodyOfWater''. This usage differs from other ontologies for similar concepts. This is not a region or area, but it can serve (as can other physical objects) as a location. Certain bodies of water can be 'located at' themselves, when they occupy a named region, such as a river. Every physical BodyOfWater should specify the region in which it is located, which may have the same name. For logical clarity, we distinguish regions of geographic space containing water from the water itself, though in ordinary speech the distinction may not be made, and may not in specific cases be important. Where the object itself may be most significant is in cases where one discusses the composition of the water, e.g. salinity, pollution, etc. @ToDo: the water of a BodyOfWater may need to be represented as a separate object (the contents, related by the 'hasContents' relation) - this will wait until usage requires it. CYC2 has functions that can return the water part and the basin part, separately. These may be added to an FOL implementation. For spatial regions coinciding with bodies of water, use 'WaterRegion'. The SUMO terms 'BodyOfWater' and 'WaterArea' were merged in this Type SUMO: (bodyOfWater) A BodyOfWater is a connected body of water with established boundaries marked by either geographical features or conventional borders. SUMO: (WaterArea) A body at the surface of the Earth which is made up predominantly of water, e.g. rivers,lakes, oceans, etc. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of topographical features. Each instance of #$BodyOfWater is a natural or artificial body of water. Instances may belong to specializations as #$Lake, #$Stream, and #$Ocean. #$BodyOfWater includes #$Reservoirs, #$Canals, and navigation channels that are developed and/or enlarged by humans. However, it does not include smaller purely-artificial bodies of water such as #$SwimmingPools or tanks of water. #$Glaciers and snowpacks are not included, but lakes and ponds that are sometimes liquid are included, even if they have an ice crust or are solidly frozen. Examples of #$BodyOfWater: #$HudsonBay, #$PanamaCanal, #$AdriaticSea, #$BayOfBengal, #$NiagaraFalls. OpenCyc2 Feb 17,2010: Unique ID: [ Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ] A specialization of TopographicalFeature. Each instance of BodyOfWater is a natural or artificial topographical feature consisting of a relatively large volume of water primarily in liquid form, contained by an instance of Basin_Topographical. Both the basin and the water are considered parts of the BodyOfWater; see basinOfBodyOfWater and waterOfBodyOfWater. Specializations of BodyOfWater include Ocean, Lake, River, Canal, and Harbor. Note that relatively small, purely artificial containers of water (such as swimming pools or tanks of water) are not instances of BodyOfWater. Moreover, topographical features such as Glaciers or snowfields, which contain a large volume of water primarily in solid form, are also not instances of BodyOfWater. NOTE that although a ''PhysicalObject'', the default mass is set at the ''unknown'' value of '-1', which can be overridden when the actual mass is known. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'body_of_water' in WordNet: 1. (1) body of water, water - (the part of the earth's surface covered with water (such as a river or lake or ocean); 'they invaded our territorial waters'; 'they were sitting by the water's edge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalObject, :PlanetarySurfaceObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, :TopographicalFeature, :WaterObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :BodyOfWater-Large :en "large body of water" ; :enn "large body of water" ; :guid "bdfb4b45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Bodies of water which are substantial in some sense. For example, a #$Puddle or a small #$Creek are not substantial bodies of water, but #$Oceans and many #$Lakes are. A #$BodyOfWater-Large tends to be permanent, not seasonal (though there are exceptions). Large bodies of water count as water area in geographical calculations, while non-large bodies of water do not. NOTE: the minimum diameter is specified as 10,000cm (100 meters) This is not necessarily a ''NaturalObject'', as a ''Dam'' can create ''BodyOfWater-Large'' that is not by itself ''Natural''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, :LargeObject, :SwimmableWaterObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :BodyPart :isAnOrganicPartOf :Organism ; :wnsense "body part1n" ; :wordnet "body part" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of Cells, Tissues, structural parts, or subcellular components, which are localized to a specific area of an Organism (plant, animal, microorganism) and which are not pathological. The instances of this Class range from gross structures to small components of complex Organs, or even subcellular organelles or cellular components. The term 'Body' in the name of this type may be misleading, because it includes parts of microorganisms, which are not usually called 'bodies'. @@ToDo: Create a subtype and change the name? Note that this is a Role, which only means that the part was created or evolved for the purpose of being a part of an organism. When removed from the organism, it is still a BodyPart, but will have different attributes (e.g., not in situ). NOTE that this includes only solid parts containing cells; blood and lymph are not included here, see 'BodyFluid'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'body part' in WordNet: 1. (2) body part - (any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismPart, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BodyPartDysfunction :wnsense "disfunction1n", "dysfunction1n" ; :wordnet "disfunction", "dysfunction" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BodyPartDysfunction'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' in which some BodyPart does not perform its normal activity, but does not spread to other body parts or affect the entire organism. This is not for infectious diseases. ?Difference from 'ailment'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dysfunction' in WordNet: 1. dysfunction, disfunction - ((medicine) any disturbance in the function of an organ or body part) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Disability, :DysfunctionalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimalBodyPartType ] . :BodyPassageway :ldoce "passage" ; :wnsense "meatus1n", "passage7n", "passageway2n" ; :wordnet "meatus", "passage", "passageway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BodyPassageway' is a ''Path-Physical'' located inside of an AnimalBody that allows flow of fluids or semisolids from one part of the body to another. The main function may be, as in the ''EarCanal'', to allow passage of sound waves from outside the body to the tympanic membrane. Nouns 'meatus' and 'passageway 2' in WN have the same parent, and seem to both refer to body passageways, so they appear indistinguishable and are merged here. Includes noun sense 2 of 'passageway' and noun sense 1 of 'meatus' in WordNet: WN noun 'passageway': 2. (1) passage, passageway - (a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass; 'the nasal passages') WN noun 'meatus': 1. meatus - (a natural body passageway) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Physical, :TubularObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBody ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :BodyPositionEvent a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BodyPositionEvent' is a static situation in which an animal maintains a particular body position for some interval of time - sitting, standing, lying down, leaning on something, hanging from something. This is a generic type mostly used to collect situations like sitting or standing. Dynamic actions such as 'Running' are included under 'AnimalActivity' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :PhysicalSituation . :BodyProperty :en "body property" ; :enn "body property" ; :wnsense "bodily property1n" ; :wordnet "bodily property" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BodyProperty'' is an ''AttributeType'' whose values specify some AttributeValue of the ''Body'' of an ''Animal'' (including people). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bodily property' in WordNet: 1. bodily property - (an attribute of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttribute, :Trait . :BodySensation :wnsense "somatesthesia1n", "somatic sensation1n", "somesthesia1n" ; :wordnet "somatesthesia", "somatic sensation", "somesthesia" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An internal Sensation (not from one of the five 'senses') caused by physiological processes of various types. Examples are hunger and pain. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'somatesthesia' in WordNet: 1. somesthesia, somaesthesia, somatesthesia, somatic sensation - (the perception of tactual or proprioceptive or gut sensations; 'he relied on somesthesia to warn him of pressure changes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensation . :BodyStrength :ldoce "strength" ; :takesValue :HavingEndurance ; :wnsense "brawn1n", "brawniness1n", "heftiness1n", "muscle5n", "muscularity2n", "sinew2n", "strength1n" ; :wordnet "brawn", "brawniness", "heftiness", "muscle", "muscularity", "sinew", "strength" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an AttributeType characterizing the ability of some animal to exert force by using its muscles. The AttributeValues that instantiate this type have not yet (r885) been created. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brawn' and sense 2 of 'muscularity' and part of sense 1 of 'strength' in WordNet: 1. brawn, brawniness, muscle, muscularity, sinew, heftiness - (possessing muscular strength) WN noun 'strength': 1. (42) strength - (the property of being physically or mentally strong; 'fatigue sapped his strength') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strength . :BodySubstance :isProducedNaturallyBy :Organism ; :wnsense "body substance1n" ; :wordnet "body substance" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Extracellular material and mixtures of cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or accreted by some Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva, dental enamel, sweat, and gastric acid. This includes any substances produced by an organism, whether excreted or retained by the organism, and is not necessarily organic; it may be decarbonized bone or shell material. Since we want to include chemically defined substances, the subtypes are not necessarily mixtures. @ToDo NOTE: Honey is a subtype in SUMO, so these substances may not always exist as such inside the animal. Probably a differentiation should be made. Most BodySubstances are liquid - see 'BodyFluid'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'body substance' in WordNet: 1. body substance - (the substance of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistingStuffType . :BodySurface a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The surface on any Organism - this does not have to be a well-defined substance such as ''Skin'', it merely serves as a location.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPart, :Layer, :SurfaceOnTangibleObject . :BodySurfaceSubstance :isProducedNaturallyBy :Organism ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BodySurfaceSubstance'' is any substance that is produced by the body and is typically on the surface of an animal body: skin, hair, feathers, sweat. Things that are the patient of ''Shedding'' are of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSubstance, :BodySubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodySurface ] . :BodySwelling :wnsense "lump2n", "swelling1n" ; :wordnet "lump", "swelling" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BodySwelling' is the ''OrganicObject'' that is in a visibly swollen (enlarged) area on the surface of an AnimalBody - usually used for People. This area is the product of a ''SwellingEvent''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'swelling' in WordNet: 1. (2) swelling, puffiness, lump - (abnormal protuberance or localized enlargement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwellingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swollen ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BodyTract :en "body tract" ; :wnsense "tract2n" ; :wordnet "tract" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tract' in WordNet: 2. (3) tract - (a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :PhysiologicalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimalBodyPartType ] . :Bodybuilding :wnsense "bodybuilding1n" ; :wordnet "bodybuilding" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: as a Sport this is treated as the specification of how to perform the activity, not as an Event. The Activity is a 'BodybuildingAction'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'body building' in WordNet: 1. (1) bodybuilding, anaerobic exercise, muscle building, musclebuilding - (exercise that builds muscles through tension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gymnastics . :BodybuildingAction :guid "bf67378a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anaerobic exercise1n", "bodybuilding1n", "muscle building1n", "musclebuilding1n" ; :wordnet "anaerobic exercise", "bodybuilding", "muscle building", "musclebuilding" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: an action which is an execution of some maneuver intended to conform to the purpose and methods of 'Bodybuilding', which is a specification for the Sport. Such an actionis intended to increase the strength, and usually the size, of muscles. In Cyc and SUMO called 'Bodybuilding'. Cyc: The collection of activities, including #$LiftingWeights, done with the intention of increasing muscle tone and size. SUMO: A sport which involves the development of one's Muscles and competition against other bodybuilders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bodybuilding' in WordNet: 1. (1) bodybuilding, anaerobic exercise, muscle building, musclebuilding - (exercise that builds muscles through tension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExercisingEvent, :Strengthening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bodybuilding ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyStrength ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :Bog :wnsense "bog1n", "peat bog1n" ; :wordnet "bog", "peat bog" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bog'' is a low flat land are that is mostly moist and has a lot of decaying vegetation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bog' in WordNet: 1. (1) bog, peat bog - (wet spongy ground of decomposing vegetation; has poorer drainage than a swamp; soil is unfit for cultivation but can be cut and dried and used for fuel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wetlands, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peat ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :Boiled :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BoilingSomethingInWater ; :wnsense "boiled1adj", "poached1adj", "stewed1adj" ; :wordnet "boiled", "poached", "stewed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Boiled'' is a ''PastParticiple'' used in COSMO specifically for things that have been boiled in '\"Water'', i.e. have experienced a (have been the patient of) ''BoilingSomethingInWater'' Event. NOTE: the WN gloss suggests that this is only for food, but other objects can also be ''Boiled''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boiled' in WordNet: . boiled, poached, stewed - (cooked in hot water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cooked . :BoiledEgg :guid "bd58ab07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boiled egg1n", "coddled egg1n" ; :wordnet "boiled egg", "coddled egg" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a ''BirdsEgg'' and usually a ''HensEgg'' that has been in boiling water long enough to cause some perceptible solidification of the yolk or whites. CYC: An egg which has been boiled. For 'Soft boiled' the whites are not completely solidified; for 'hard boiled' the whites are completely solidified. @ToDo: add these distinctions - sometime. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boiled agg' in WordNet: 1. boiled egg, coddled egg - (egg cooked briefly in the shell in gently boiling water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoiledFoodObject, :Egg . :BoiledFoodObject :guid "11ac609a-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoodObject'' that has been exposed to Boiling water for some interval of time sufficient to change some of its properties - i.e. to make it a ''CookedFoodObject''. Examples:''BoiledEgg''or boiled potatoes. CYC: 'Boiled': The subcollection of #$Food whose instances been boiled; a specialization of #$Cooked.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boiled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoilingFood ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Boiler :guid "c14e9b01-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boiler1n", "steam boiler1n" ; :wordnet "boiler", "steam boiler" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ In CYC 'Boiler-Device' Instances of this collection are sealed containers used to convert liquid water to steam. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boiler' in WordNet: 1. (1) boiler, steam boiler - (sealed vessel where water is converted to steam) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidStorageTank, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoilingWater ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Boiling :en "boiling" ; :guid "bd589c37-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "boil" ; :wnsense "boil1v" ; :wordnet "boil" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events and a specialization of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. In each instance of this collection some liquid matter is raised to its #$boilingPoint and is thereby changed from being in the #$Liquid-StateOfMatter to being in the #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter. (Note: this does not cover cases of heat or evacuation causing a solid to sublime directly into a gas.) See also #$BoilingFood, which is not a specialization of this collection since it is not the food itself which is being boiled but the water in which it is cooking. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'boil' in WordNet: 1. (6) boil - (come to the boiling point and change from a liquid to vapor; 'Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingSomething, :Vaporization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ] . :BoilingAnEgg :en "boiling an egg", "boiling eggs" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cooking and Egg by immersing it in boiling water for some interval of time, usually one to five minutes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoilingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObjectType ] . :BoilingFood :guid "bd58be7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boiling2n", "stewing2n" ; :wordnet "boiling", "stewing" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cooking food by immersing it in boiling water, or by boiling a liquid food. NOTE: the act of boiling a liquid suspension that is itself the food is represented by the subtype ''Simmering''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'boiling' in WordNet: 2. boiling, stewing, simmering - (cooking in a liquid that has been brought to a boil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoilingSomethingInWater, :CookingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoiledFoodObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BoilingSomethingInWater a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BoilingSomethingInWater'' is the intentional act of heating something to the temperature of 'boiling water' (100 deg.C at sea level atmospheric pressure) for some period of time to change its properties. Mostly used for the subtype ''BoilingFood'' but possibly for other things. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoilingWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ; owl:someValuesFrom :Boiled ] . :BoilingWater :en "boiling water" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BoilingWater'' is the Action of intentionally (or automatically) ''Boiling' ''Water'' to either make 'Steam'' (e.g. for heating) or just to make boiling hot water (for tea or coffee or any other purpose). See ''BoilingSomethingInWater'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boiling, :HeatingWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :Bold :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Boldness ; :wnsense "bold1adj" ; :wordnet "bold" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who has the trait of ''Boldness''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bold' in Wordnet: 1. (8) bold - (fearless and daring; 'bold settlers on some foreign shore'; 'a bold speech'; 'a bold adventure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute . :Boldly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Bold ; :wnsense "boldly1adv", "with boldness1adv" ; :wordnet "boldly", "with boldness" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'boldly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) boldly, with boldness - (in a bold manner; 'we must tackle these tasks boldly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Boldness :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Bold ; :ldoce "daring" ; :wnsense "boldness1n", "daring2n", "hardihood1n", "hardiness2n" ; :wordnet "boldness", "daring", "hardihood", "hardiness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''boldness'' is a ''PersonalityTrait'' of Confidence that encourages people to do risky things. In COSMO this is a ''Feeling'', rather than a trait, as it can be temporary rather than haitual. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boldness' in Wordnet: 1. (1) boldness, daring, hardiness, hardihood - (the trait of being willing to undertake things that involve risk or danger; 'the proposal required great boldness'; 'the plan required great hardiness of heart') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait, :SelfConfidence . :Bolivia :wnsense "Bolivia1n" ; :wordnet "Bolivia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Bolivia' in WordNet: 1. Bolivia, Republic of Bolivia - (a landlocked republic in central South America; Simon Bolivar founded Bolivia in 1825 after winning independence from Spain) """ . :BollWeevil :wnsense "Anthonomus grandis1n", "boll weevil1n" ; :wordnet "Anthonomus grandis", "boll weevil" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boll weevil' in WordNet: 1. boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis - (greyish weevil that lays its eggs in cotton bolls destroying the cotton) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pest, :Weevil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CottonBoll ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ] . :BoloTie :wnsense "bola tie1n", "bola1n", "bolo tie1n", "bolo1n" ; :wordnet "bola", "bola tie", "bolo", "bolo tie" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BoloTie'' is a distinctive type of ''Necktie'' that is made from a cord-like fabric object, and fastened around the neck with a clasp that holds the two dangling strands of the tie together just below the neck, with some portionof each end hanging from the clasp.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bolo tie' in WordNet: 1. (1) bolo tie, bolo, bola tie, bola - (a cord fastened around the neck with an ornamental clasp and worn as a necktie) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Necktie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cord ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrnamentalClasp ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Bologna :guid "c1008ba4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Bologna sausage1n", "bologna2n" ; :wordnet "Bologna sausage", "bologna" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bologna'' in COSMO is the Substance,a type of ''Meat''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bologna' in WordNet: 2. bologna, Bologna sausage - (large smooth-textured smoked sausage of beef and veal and pork) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LunchMeat, :Sausage . :Bolster :wnsense "bolster1n", "long pillow1n" ; :wordnet "bolster", "long pillow" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: 1. a long, often cylindrical, cushion or pillow for a bed, sofa, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bolster' in WordNet: 1. (1) bolster, long pillow - (a pillow that is often put across a bed underneath the regular pillows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pillow, :Prop, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bolstering :wnsense "bolster2v" ; :wordnet "bolster" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Bolstering'' is a form of ''Reinforcing'' in which some type of ''Pillow'' is added to assist in supporting some Person in reclining or sitting position. The result will be a ''PersistentState'' during which something experiences a ''ProppingSomethingUp'' state. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'bolster' in WordNet: 2. bolster - (prop up with a pillow or bolster) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :Reinforcing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pillow ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProppingSomethingUp ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :BolsteringUp :wnsense "bolster up1v", "bolster1v" ; :wordnet "bolster", "bolster up" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Bolstering'' is a form of ''Reinforcing'' in which some Person or HumanActivity is made easier or less onerous by providing moral support or providing assistance of some kind. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bolster up' in WordNet: 1. bolster, bolster up - (support and strengthen; 'bolster morale') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reinforcing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :BoltOfCloth :wnsense "bolt5n" ; :wordnet "bolt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BoltOfCloth'' is a ''PieceOfCloth'' that is plain and flat and continuous and not sewn or otherwise modified subsequent to its being woven (usually on a ''Loom'' of some kind), other than to be rolled, folded, or otherwise compacted for delivery to someone who will use it to make a ''FabricObject''. IN essence, raw material for manufactures.. (need ''fabric factory' to be even more specific). Corresponds part ('cloth') of noun sense 5 of 'bolt' in WordNet: 5. bolt - (a roll of cloth or wallpaper of a definite length) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfCloth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loom ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByArtifact ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingSomethingBySewing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ] . :Bomb :guid "c10ae245-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bomb" ; :wnsense "bomb1n" ; :wordnet "bomb" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ExplosiveDevice and #$MilitaryWeapon. Each instance of #$Bomb is a weapon designed to explode, thereby damaging people or property. Some instances of #$Bomb are meant to explode on impact. Some are dropped from a #$BomberPlane and can sometimes be remotely guided to change their fall towards the target. Other #$Bombs are meant to be hidden somewhere and explode after a certain time, e.g. #$Mine-Weapon are prime examples. The detonation can be triggered in many ways: by applying pressure to the bomb, or controlling it with a #$Clock or remote control. The important property of a #$Bomb is that the explosion is the primary means of destruction. Thus a #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet is not a #$Bomb even if it explodes on impact, because it is intended to penetrate the victim. A HandGrenade is also a Bomb. SUMO: A weapon that explodes in order to cause damage. NOTE that not all bombs are used by military units therefore a Bomb is not necessarily a MilitaryAsset. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bomb' in WordNet: 1. (9) bomb - (an explosive device fused to explode under specific conditions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplosiveDevice, :Weapon . :Bomb2013 :containsSubstance :TNT ; :hasMassInGrams "200"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :ExplosiveDevice . :Bombast :wnsense "blah1n", "bombast1n", "claptrap1n", "fustian1n", "rant2n" ; :wordnet "blah", "bombast", "claptrap", "fustian", "rant" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bombast'' is a ''RhetoricalManner' that is so pretentious as to not deserve tobe taken seriously or believed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bombast' in WordNet: 1. (1) bombast, fustian, rant, claptrap, blah - (pompous or pretentious talk or writing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RhetoricalManner . :BomberPlane :guid "bd58d3ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bomber1n" ; :wordnet "bomber" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of military #$Airplanes which are designed to be used in #$Bombing target sites. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bomber' in WordNet: 1. (9) bomber - (a military aircraft that drops bombs during flight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Warplane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bombing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Bombing :guid "c10ae2db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bomb1v", "bombard2v", "bombing2n" ; :wordnet "bomb", "bombard", "bombing" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$AttackTypeByWeaponType and a specialization of #$AttackOnTangible. Each instance of this of this collection is an event in which at least one bomb (see #$Bomb) is dropped or placed in a region and detonated. Each instance of #$Bombing has at least one instance of #$Explosion as a sub event. If no explosion occurs, the event is not an instance of #$Bombing. NOTE: @ToDo1515: with rocket-propelled ''Bomb''s this type may need several subtypes to distinguish the different ways a bomb can be delivered to its target: e.g. 'PlacingaBomb' or 'DroppingaBomb' of 'SendingaBombByRocket' (how does a drone 'bomb' its target?) 'SuicideBombing'? For now it covers all sybtypes. SUMO: An act of Destruction where the thing destroyed is destroyed by means of an explosive device. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bomb' and inicludeds noun senses 1 and 2 of 'bombing' in WordNet: 1. (3) bombard, bomb - (throw bombs at or attack with bombs; 'The Americans bombed Dresden') WN noun 'bombing': 2. bombing - (the use of bombs for sabotage; a tactic frequently used by terrorists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlowingSomethingUp, :ViolentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bomb ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :Bond :wnsense "bond certificate1n", "bond2n" ; :wordnet "bond", "bond certificate" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :RightType, :RoleType, :StockType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FinancialSecurity' that cerifies that the issuer is indebted to the holder for some sum of money and will pau a certain interest per unit of time. At any given time it has a value in some currency, which may be higher or lower than the 'face value'. There may be several types of ''Bonds'' even within a single corporation, and the bonds may be privately held or publicly traded. This is also a subtype of 'MoneyObject' and is an AbstractObject. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bond' in WordNet: 2. (13) bond, bond certificate - (a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialSecurity . :Bonding :en "stick onto" ; :ldoce "connect" ; :wnsense "bind1v", "bond1v", "bonding1n", "soldering1n", "stick to1v", "stick4v" ; :wordnet "bind", "bond", "bonding", "soldering", "stick", "stick to" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Bonding' is a type of ''Fastening'' in which some ''BondingMaterial'' is used to bind two or more objects together by the adhesive action of the BondingMaterial, **rather than** by some topological constraints such as in nailing, screwing, or tying things together. NOte: this has a transitive sense, but in WN only the intransitive sense seems to be included: For the instransitive sense of something continuing to bind to something else, use ''Adhering''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bond' and in WordNet: 1. (1) adhere, hold fast, bond, bind, stick, stick to - (stick to firmly; 'Will this wallpaper adhere to the wall?') WN noun 'bonding': 1. (1) bonding, soldering - (fastening firmly together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BondingMaterial ; owl:onProperty :usedSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BondingMaterial ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :BondingConnection :en "bonding connection", "connecting bond" ; :enn "bonding connection", "connecting bond" ; :wnsense "attachment4n", "bond6n" ; :wordnet "attachment", "bond" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BondingConnection'' is the connecting part of a PhysicalObject consisting of more than one object that were fastened together in a ''Fastening'' Action. This part hold (or jelp to hold) the two or more component objects together. AN example is a ''Nail'' that was used to fasten objects (usually wooden) together. Each such connecting part is an instance of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'bond' in WordNet: 6. (1) attachment, bond - (a connection that fastens things together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connection-Physical . :BondingMaterial a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BondingMaterial' is a subclass of Mixture whose instances may contain any of various minerals or organic substances, used in binding solid objects to each other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bonding ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Bone :ldoce "bone" ; :wnsense "bone1n" ; :wordnet "bone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single bone, or some fused combination of bones often referred to as a single bone (.e.g. the skull). For the substance called 'bone' use 'BoneTheStuff' Cyc: ('Bone-BodyPart')The collection of hard largely calcareous body parts of which the adult skeleton of most vertebrates is chiefly composed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bone' in WordNet: 1. (10) bone, os - (rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoneStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoneTheStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skeleton ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Bone-BodyPart :isaSynonymOf :Bone ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The cyc term for 'Bone'" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :BoneMarrow :guid "bd59be16-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bone marrow1n", "marrow1n" ; :wordnet "bone marrow", "marrow" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The object (not a substance) which is the marrow within one Bone. CYC 'Marrow': Tissue that is found in the center of bones Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bone marrow' in WordNet: 1. (2) marrow, bone marrow - (the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :FattyTissue . :BoneShaft :guid "bf77988f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diaphysis1n", "shaft5n" ; :wordnet "diaphysis", "shaft" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'shaft' in WordNet: 5. diaphysis, shaft - (the main (mid) section of a long bone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoneSubPart, :MiddleOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongBone ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BoneStructure :en "bone structure" ; :guid "c0c0eef7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$BoneStructure is a structure within a body composed of one or more #$Bone-BodyPart s or #$BoneSubPart s.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoneTheStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :BoneSubPart :en "bone part" ; :guid "bd768c3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$BoneSubPart is a distinuishable part (or all) of a #$Bone-BodyPart.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoneStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bone ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BoneTheStuff :guid "bd588396-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bone" ; :wnsense "bone2n" ; :wordnet "bone" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In COSMO, BoneTheStuff is a Substance, not an Object. In SUMO, a subtype of 'Tissue'. The 'BoneTheStuff' in COSMO is BoneTheStuff even afer it has been processed such as being carved into ornaments. Cyc: Hard largely calcareous connective tissue of which the adult skeleton of most vertebrates is chiefly composed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bone' in WordNet: 2. (3) bone, osseous tissue - (the porous calcified substance from which bones are made) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuralSupportStuff, :Tissue . :Bonfire :guid "bed93640-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "balefire1n", "bonfire1n" ; :wordnet "balefire", "bonfire" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A large fire built in the open, typically for celebration or as a signal Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bonfire' in WordNet: 1. (3) bonfire, balefire - (a large outdoor fire that is lighted as a signal or in celebration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlledFire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutdoorLocation ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bong :wnsense "bong1n" ; :wordnet "bong" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Bong'' is the sound made by a large Bell, as when a church bell tolls for a funeral. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bong' in WordNet: 1. bong - (a dull resonant sound as of a bell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LowPitch ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LargeBell ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :Bong-Pipe :en "bong" ; :enn "bong" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'bong' is not included in WordNet. This type includes the 'bong' that is a kind of Hookah, but could include more portable devices for smoking marijuana. RHW: bong (2) n. a type of hookah or water pipe for smoking marijuana or other drugs. [of uncert. orig.] """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmokingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmokingMarijuana ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Bonging :wnsense "bong1v" ; :wordnet "bong" ; a :CapabilityType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bonging'' is to emit a ''Bong'' sound, once or multiple times. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bong' in WordNet: 1. bong - (ring loudly and deeply; 'the big bell bonged') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingAWave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bong ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Bonnet :wnsense "bonnet1n" ; :wordnet "bonnet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of ''Hat'' having a strap tied under the chin, allowing it to be held securely on the head (and not blown of by wind). Usually worn by women. It may or may not have a broad brim. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bonnet' in Wordnet: 1. (3) bonnet, poke bonnet - (a hat tied under the chin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChinStrap ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Bonsai :CYC "BonsaiTree" ; :en "bonsai tree" ; :guid "be2c3704-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bonsai1n" ; :wordnet "bonsai" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'BonsaiTree': The collection of all miniture #$Bushes or trees [#$Tree-ThePlant] which have been shaped and trimmed into the forms of full-sized trees. This is not the art of producing Bonsai trees. NOTE: this is Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bonsai' in WordNet: 1. bonsai - (a dwarfed ornamental tree or shrub grown in a tray or shallow pot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactOrganism, :Tree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Young ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Low ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bonus :wnsense "bonus1n" ; :wordnet "bonus" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bonus'' is anything that is given over and above what has been earned or payed for or expected, but is part of a sequence of actions that cause the giving, and it is not a ''Gift''. This is the generic 'bonus'; the work bonus to employees is the subtype ''PerformanceBonus'' @mod61 added . RHW: 1. something given or paid over and above what is due. 5. something extra or additional given freely: Every purchaser of a pound of coffee received a box of cookies as a bonus. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'bonus' in WordNet, but 'fillip' and 'stimulus' are not part of the sense.: 1. (1) bonus, fillip - (anything that tends to arouse; \"his approval was an added fillip\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SomethingGiven . :Bony :wnsense "bony1adj", "cadaverous1adj", "emaciated1adj", "gaunt1adj", "haggard2adj", "pinched2adj", "skeletal2adj", "wasted4adj" ; :wordnet "bony", "cadaverous", "emaciated", "gaunt", "haggard", "pinched", "skeletal", "wasted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For an animal body to be ''Bony'' is to be so ''Lean'' that the lines of bones show through the skin (in a torso) or the limb or digit has little more diameter than the underlying bone plus a thin layer of flesh. This can be applied to the whole body or to part of a body ('bony fingers'). isTheOppositeOf rdf:resource=\"#Fatty (not yet represnted) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bony' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bony, cadaverous, emaciated, gaunt, haggard, pinched, skeletal, wasted - (very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold; 'emaciated bony hands'; 'a nightmare population of gaunt men and skeletal boys'; 'eyes were haggard and cavernous'; 'small pinched faces'; 'kept life in his wasted frame only by grim concentration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skinny . :BonyFish :wnsense "bony fish1n" ; :wordnet "bony fish" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A fish with bones (rather than cartilage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bony fish' in WordNet: 1. bony fish - (any fish of the class Osteichthyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fish . :BoobyTrap :en "booby trap" ; :enn "booby trap" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BoobyTrap' is a ''Device'' that is hidden and designed to trap or harm an animal that 'triggers' its action. This can be as simple as a hidden hole in the ground or as intricate as a LandMine. This generic 'booby trap' is not directly represented in Wordnet, but the term is included in the subtype 'LandMine''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hindrance, :TrapDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hidden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Booing :guid "bd58c2fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boo1v", "hiss4v" ; :wordnet "boo", "hiss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: What you do when you don't like a performance. WN includes 'boo' and 'hiss' which should be differentiated. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'boo' in WordNet: 1. (1) boo, hiss - (show displeasure, as after a performance or speech) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingEmotion, :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, :MakingAnOralSound, :Vocalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rude ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disapproval ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Book-Abstract :ldoce "book" ; :wnsense "book1n" ; :wordnet "book" ; a :ObjectType, :TextType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Book-Abstract' is the Abstract content (text and any illustrations) of a 'Book-Physical'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'book' in WordNet: 1. (785) book - (a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together); 'I am reading a good book on economics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :AbstractText, :ConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Book-Physical ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :Book-Physical :ldoce "book" ; :wnsense "book2n" ; :wordnet "book" ; a :DocumentType, :PhysicalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of a physical, bound (hardcopy or paperback) book (or scroll), the physical object, not the informational content (for which see 'Book-Abstract'). It is not necessary that a ''Book-Physical'' be ''PrintedMaterial'' although it usually is. Especially older books were and-written, and a Diary might be considered as book of sorts. Perhaps a subtype should be created - 'printed book'? The restriction requires that a ''Book-Physical'' have at least ten ''BookPage''s - if less than that, the object might better be represented as a 'pamphlet'or 'booklet'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'book' in WordNet: 2. (131) book, volume - (physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together; 'he used a large book as a doorstop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, :Paper-IBO, :Publication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Book-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BookPage ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :BookAppendix :wnsense "appendix1n" ; :wordnet "appendix" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BookAppendix'' is an ''Addendum'' to a Book placed at the back. NOTE that this is for the AbstractDocument - it will have physical representation in any published material. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'appendix' in WordNet: 1. (6) appendix - (supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Addendum, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :BookCover :en "book cover", "bookcover" ; :wnsense "back6n", "binding4n", "book binding1n", "cover4n" ; :wordnet "back", "binding", "book binding", "cover" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''BookCover'' is a ''Covering'' (an ''ArtifactObject'') that is designed to protect a ''Book-Physical'', and has three parts, the front cover, the back cover,and the binding ('spine'). Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'cover' in WordNet: 4. (2) binding, book binding, cover, back - (the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; 'the book had a leather binding') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ProtectiveCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Physical ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BookOfTheBible a :ObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BookOfTheBible' is a ''Book-Abstract'' that contains one of the ''AbstractText''s that is considered (by some major religion) to be one of the parts of the Old Testament or New Testament that has been accepted and called a 'Book'. NOTE this is a type because, although in theory there might be one such text for each ''Book'' but there are variants and translations that have been accepted as authoritative,and each may be considered as a subtype or instance of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :Book-Abstract, :PropositionalConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :TextBook-Physical ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Studying ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bible ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :BookPage :en "book page", "page of a book" ; :wnsense "page1n" ; :wordnet "page" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BookPage'' is a ''PhysicalPage'' that is part of some ''Book-Physical''. a ''Book-Physical'' should have at least ten of these. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'page' in WordNet: 1. (34) page - (one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Physical ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BookRack :en "book rack", "bookrack" ; :guid "c10b5d2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC:A type of furniture used for displaying books or magazines, different from a bookshelf in that the books/magazines are placed with their covers facing outwards (not with only their spines exposed.) This can be found in libraries and stores that sell books or magazines. The backs are partly supported by a slanted flat surface. No WN sense. RHW 'bookrack': 1 a support for an open book. 2 a rack for holding books. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :NonPoweredDevice, :Object-SupportingFurniture, :Rack, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Physical ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ] . :BookStore :guid "bd58f3c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bookshop1n", "bookstall1n", "bookstore1n" ; :wordnet "bookshop", "bookstall", "bookstore" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A local (one site) organization that sells books. This includes stores owned by chains, unlike CYC usage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookstore' in WordNet: 1. bookshop, bookstore, bookstall - (a shop where books are sold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailStore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Physical ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :BookText-Abstract a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BookText-Abstract' is the textual portion of a 'Book-Abstract, not including graphical material. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Book-Abstract ] . :Bookbinding :wnsense "bookbinding1n" ; :wordnet "bookbinding" ; a :ActionType, :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bookbinding'' is a ''Handicraft in which books are bound by hand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookbinding' in WordNet: 1. bookbinding - (the craft of binding books) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handicraft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardboundBook ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Bookcase :en "book-case" ; :guid "bd58e8bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bookcase1n" ; :wordnet "bookcase" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bookcase'' is a piece of furniture that has at least two shelves, used for holding books. CYC 'Bookcase-PieceOfFurniture: A type of furniture used for storing and/or displaying books. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookcase' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bookcase - (a piece of furniture with shelves for storing books) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :HexalateralObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :Object-SupportingFurniture, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bookshelf ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoringBooks ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Bookend :guid "bdada7ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bookend1n" ; :wordnet "bookend" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bookend'' is designed to support books from fallng sideways on a shelf. Any sufficiently heavy object of the right size can be pressed into service as a 'bookend' but this is for artifacts specifically designed for that purpose, so it is not a Role. CYC: The collection of bookends. A bookend is a device placed at the end of a row of books to keep them from falling over onto their sides. Bookends come in many shapes but the most common is an L shape, where the bottom of the L is placed under the books. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookend' in WordNet: 1. bookend - (a support placed at the end of a row of books to keep them upright (on a shelf or table)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bookshelf ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Physical ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :Booking :wnsense "booking1n", "engagement5n" ; :wordnet "booking", "engagement" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'booking' in WordNet: 1. (6) engagement, booking - (employment for performers or performing groups that lasts for a limited period of time; 'the play had bookings throughout the summer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JobSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmployee ; owl:someValuesFrom :Artist-Performer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtAsaProfession ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :BookingAgent a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BookingAgent'' is an ''Agent'' who negotiates an agreement that schedules 'gigs' for entertainment performances. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Artist-Performer ; owl:onProperty :wasaSubstituteFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BookingaGig ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BookingaGig :wnsense "book3v" ; :wordnet "book" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BookingaGig'' is ''RepresentingaPerformer'' in which the 'performer' is an ''Artist-Performer''and the Action of representing is performed by a ''BookingAgent'' and the EntertainmentPerformance booked is for one loation for some limited interval of time -.not a permanent engagement. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'book' in WordNet: 3. (61) book - (engage for a performance; 'Her agent had booked her for several concerts in Tokyo') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentingaPerformer, :Scheduling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BookingAgent ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :BookingaPerp :wnsense "book1v" ; :wordnet "book" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BookingaPerp'' is the Action taken by a ''LawEnforcementOfficer'' that records a criminal charge against some Person who is a ''Suspect'', suspected of having committed some ''Crime''. This Action creates a record in a 'police blotter' but that kind of document is not yet represented here. written record, written account, Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'book' in WordNet: 1. (243) book - (record a charge in a police register; 'The policeman booked her when she tried to solicit a man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingWrittenMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ; owl:someValuesFrom :Suspect ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LawEnforcementOfficer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Crime :ActionType ) ] ] . :Bookkeeper :wnsense "bookkeeper1n" ; :wordnet "bookkeeper" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of persons who prepare and interpret the financial records of a person or organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookkeeper' in WordNet: 1. bookkeeper - (someone who records the transactions of a business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accountant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bookkeeping ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Bookkeeping :en "keeping the books" ; :wnsense "bookkeeping1n", "clerking1n" ; :wordnet "bookkeeping", "clerking" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bookkeeping'' is a subtype of ''Accounting'' that specifically is concerned with maintaining accurate records of transactions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookkeeping' in WordNet: 1. bookkeeping, clerking - (the activity of recording business transactions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accounting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accountant ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accountant ; owl:onProperty :isTheOccupationOfA ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accountant ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Booklet :CYC "Pamphlet" ; :guid "bd58cd72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "booklet1n", "brochure1n", "folder1n", "leaflet1n", "pamphlet1n" ; :wordnet "booklet", "brochure", "folder", "leaflet", "pamphlet" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Booklet'' is small paperback ''Book-Physical'', usually dealing with some specialized non-fiction topic. CYC 'Pamphlet': A collection of #$InformationBearingThings. They are generally small unbound books, usually less than 48 pages, their physical size smaller than normal hardback books. NOTE: there should be a subtype for 'bound' or stapled-together booklets, and a 'leaflet' may not qualify. Some day. Meanwhile this can be of any size and number of pages. ('one-page? 'broadside'?) See 'AdvertisingCircular' for abstract representation of 'circular, handbill, bill, broadside, broadsheet, flier, flyer, throwaway'? = A subtype of 'advertisement'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'booklet' in WordNet: 1. booklet, brochure, folder, leaflet, pamphlet - (a small book usually having a paper cover) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nonfictional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bookmark :CYC "BookmarkForBooks" ; :guid "bfcd4ebf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bookmark1n", "bookmarker1n" ; :wordnet "bookmark", "bookmarker" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bookmark'' is a 'LocationMarker'' that is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' or other Thin Object that is placed in side a Book-Physical between two pages to mark a place where some Text of interest is located, and is sufficiently ''Conspicuous'' so as to make that place easy to find. This is not necessarily a flat object, though mst bookmarks are - a Thread or chain attached to an end object is sometimes used and/or designed for that purpose. CYC 'BookmarkForBooks': An object that is intended to be inserted between the pages of a #$Book so that someone may easily find that place in the book. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookmark' in WordNet: 1. bookmark, bookmarker - (a marker (a piece of paper or ribbon) placed between the pages of a book to mark the reader's place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :LocationMarker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SalientBookPage ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conspicuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bookshelf :wnsense "bookshelf1n" ; :wordnet "bookshelf" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''Shelf''designed for or adapted for the support and storage of ''Boook-Physical''s ,wide enough so that a book can be supported upright, usually with the binding showing, so the names can be recognized readily. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bookshelf' in WordNet: 1. (2) bookshelf - (a shelf on which to keep books) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shelf, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Physical ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :Bookworm :en "bookworm" ; :wnsense "Liposcelis divinatorius1n", "book louse1n", "booklouse1n" ; :wordnet "Liposcelis divinatorius", "book louse", "booklouse" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Bookworm'' is the insect, not the Person. RWH 'bookworm': 2. any of various insects that feed on books, esp. a booklouse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'booklouse' in WordNet: 1. booklouse, book louse, deathwatch, Liposcelis divinatorius - (minute wingless psocopterous insects injurious to books and papers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Physical ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Boom :wnsense "boom1n", "roar1n", "roaring1n" ; :wordnet "boom", "roar", "roaring" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Noise'' that is sudden and loud and of short duration, but may be longer than a ''Bang''. A clap of thunder may be referred to as a ''Boom'' a ''Boom'' tends to be of lower pitch than a ''Bang'' sound. A small explosive device such as a firecracker may produce a ''Bang'', or sometimes the slamming of a door. A large explosion will tend to produce a ''Boom''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boom' in WordNet: 1. (2) boom, roar, roaring, thunder - (a deep prolonged loud noise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise . :Boomer :wnsense "baby boomer1n", "boomer1n" ; :wordnet "baby boomer", "boomer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Boomer'' is a member of the ''BoomerGeneration'', bor from about 1946 to 1960. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boomer' in WordNet: 1. baby boomer, boomer - (a member of the baby boom generation in the 1950s; 'they expanded the schools for a generation of baby boomers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoomerGeneration ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :BoomerGeneration :wnsense "baby boom1n", "baby-boom generation1n" ; :wordnet "baby boom", "baby-boom generation" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''BoomerGeneration'' is a ''GenerationOfContemporaries'' who were the People born during the years after the Second World War through the 1950's, when birth rates were higher than previously or afterward. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baby-boom generation' in WordNet: 1. baby boom, baby-boom generation - (the larger than expected generation in United States born shortly after World War II) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenerationOfContemporaries . :Boomerang :guid "c1487e79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boomerang1n", "throw stick1n", "throwing stick2n" ; :wordnet "boomerang", "throw stick", "throwing stick" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hand-thrown 'missile' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boomerang' in WordNet: 1. boomerang, throwing stick, throw stick - (a curved piece of wood; when properly thrown will return to thrower) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurvedObject, :Device-UserPowered, :ProjectileWeapon, :Stick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :isPropelledBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hunter ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Booming :isAnAttributeValueOf :BusinessOperation, :EconomicDevelopmentEvent, :NationalEconomy ; :wnsense "booming1adj", "flourishing1adj", "palmy1adj", "prospering1adj", "prosperous1adj", "roaring1adj", "thriving1adj" ; :wordnet "booming", "flourishing", "palmy", "prospering", "prosperous", "roaring", "thriving" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Booming'' characterizes a ''Thriving'' business or national economy. 'a booming economy'; 'a booming business' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'booming' in Wordnet: 1. booming, flourishing, palmy, prospering, prosperous, roaring, thriving - (very lively and profitable; 'flourishing businesses'; 'a palmy time for stockbrokers'; 'a prosperous new business'; 'doing a roaring trade'; 'a thriving tourist center'; 'did a thriving business in orchids') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :BoomingSound :wnsense "boom1n" ; :wordnet "boom" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BoomingSound'' is a sharp loud low-frequency sound that resembles thunder or an explosion or anartillery piece being fired. Closest WN noun sense is 1 of 'boom' in WordNet (but WN says 'prolonged' and this ''Boom'' is not necessarily prolonged, except if echoes are heard): in WordNet: 1. (2) boom, roar, roaring, thunder - (a deep prolonged loud noise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Boon :wnsense "blessing2n", "boon1n" ; :wordnet "blessing", "boon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Boon'' is a ''GoodCircumstances'' in which a particularly beneficial ('good') development has improved one's ''PersonalCircumstances'' such that the participant(s) feel as though the development could have been a 'blessing' from some deity granted to them (or just good luck if they don't believe in deities). NOTE that this is the thing requested in a ''BlessingEvent'' - some favor from a deity, real or imagined. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boon' in WordNet: 1. (1) blessing, boon - (a desirable state; 'enjoy the blessings of peace'; 'a spanking breeze is a boon to sailors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodCircumstances, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lucky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImprovementEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Boor :wnsense "barbarian2n", "boor1n", "churl1n", "peasant3n" ; :wordnet "barbarian", "boor", "churl", "peasant" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Boor'' is a ''DisagreeablePerson'' due to his/her ''Boorish'' and offensive behavior. NOTE: 'tyke' is Scottish dialect - leave this label out for now to avoid confusion. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boor' in Wordnet: 1. peasant, barbarian, boor, churl, Goth, tyke, tike - (a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisagreeablePerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boorish ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Boorish :pertainsTo :Boor ; :wnsense "boorish1adj", "loutish1adj", "oafish1n", "swinish1adj" ; :wordnet "boorish", "loutish", "oafish", "swinish" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Boorish' is the attribute of a Person who behaves in a manner so unrefined (''Rude'', ill-mannered) that it causes revulsion . NOTE: leaving out label 'neanderthal' until the historical meaning is represented - too much chance for confusion. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boorish' in Wordnet: 1. boorish, loutish, neanderthal, neandertal, oafish, swinish - (ill-mannered and coarse and contemptible in behavior or appearance; 'was boorish and insensitive'; 'the loutish manners of a bully'; 'her stupid oafish husband'; 'aristocratic contempt for the swinish multitude') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :Rude, :Unpleasant . :Boosting :wnsense "boost1v", "boost2n", "hike up2v", "hike1v", "hike2n", "rise9n" ; :wordnet "boost", "hike", "hike up", "rise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Boosting'' is an ''IncreaseEvent'' caused by some ''IntelligentAgent'' soomewhat vaguely differentiated from other types of increase, where the increase is usually relatively small, less than 2-fold. Mostly used for increases affecting small numbers of people, such as a salary increase in one company. RHW: 3. to increase; raise: to boost prices; to boost the horsepower of the car by 20 percent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'boost' in WordNet: 1. (3) hike, hike up, boost - (increase; 'The landlord hiked up the rents') WN noun 'boost': 2. (1) rise, boost, hike, cost increase - (an increase in cost; 'they asked for a 10% rise in rates') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IncreaseEvent . :Boot :guid "bd58ac68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "boot" ; :wnsense "boot1n" ; :wordnet "boot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Footwear that covers the foot and ankle, and often the lower leg. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boot' in WordNet: 1. (13) boot - (footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShoeOrBoot . :Borax :containsChemicalElement :Boron, :Oxygen, :Sodium ; :guid "c075fc63-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_Na2_B4O5-OH-4_8H2O ; :wnsense "borax1n" ; :wordnet "borax" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Wikipedia (part): Borax, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate, is an important boron compound, a mineral, and a salt of boric acid. Powdered borax is white, consisting of soft colorless crystals that dissolve in water. The formula for the octahydrate is given here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'borax' in WordNet: 1. borax - (an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Border :guid "bd62894d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "border" ; :wnsense "border1n", "border2n", "border3n" ; :wordnet "border" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of the COSMO type 'Border' is an infinitely thin line or surface that is located at the limiting edge or surface of some two-or three-dimensional space. This does not include 'border regions' or edges on physical objects. The imaginary line dividing two geographical regions (such as countries) would be an instance. For the parts of PhysicalObjects that are considered as 'edges' (linear regions near to an intersection of planes, as on a 'Block') use 'EdgeOnObject'. For the sheet-like surface portions of 3-D PhysicalObjects, use 'SurfaceOnTangibleObject'. Cyc: A specialization of both #$SpaceRegionLimit and #$SpatialThing-Localized. Each instance of #$Border is a spatial thing that constitutes the boundary between two other spatial things. Specializations of #$Border include #$HumanRegionalBorder and #$TimeZoneBorder. Includes noun senses 1, and 3 and part (the line itself) of sense 2 of 'border' in WordNet: 1. (5) boundary line, border, borderline, delimitation, mete - (a line that indicates a boundary) 2. (1) margin, border, perimeter - (the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary) 3. (1) edge, border - (the boundary of a surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialThing-Localized . :Borderline :isTheOppositeOf :Significant ; :wnsense "borderline1adj", "marginal2adj" ; :wordnet "borderline", "marginal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Borderline'' is a subtype of ''Small'' that means that the size of the thing described is so small it has little significance other than in cases where even a small difference (as in a game score) can make the difference between winning and losing. This type itself is somewhat vague and non-quantitative, but could have more precise subtypes., Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'borderline' in Wordnet: 1. (1) borderline, marginal - (of questionable or minimal quality; 'borderline grades'; 'marginal writing ability') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NegligiblySmall . :Bored :guid "e2234c1c-42cc-11d6-8000-0002b38bcf96" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Boredom ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BoringSomeone ; :wnsense "bored2n" ; :wordnet "bored" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a FeelingAttribute of someone who is experiencing Boredom. Note that the Cyc usage is different. Cyc. A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being bored. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'bored' in WordNet: 2. (1) blase, bored - (uninterested because of frequent exposure or indulgence; 'his blase indifference'; 'a petulant blase air'; 'the bored gaze of the successful film star') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :Boredom :guid "1100415e-7fce-41d7-9b75-b712663bdf9f", "bd58a612-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boredom1n", "ennui1n", "tedium1n" ; :wordnet "boredom", "ennui", "tedium" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute-type associated with dissatisfaction, weariness, or restlessness accompanied by a felt lack of interest in what is going on around one. A specialization of #$Listlessness. (For the rationale behind treating feelings as types - i.e. collections - of attributes, see the comment on #$Happiness.) NOTE: 'tedium' might be a subtpe of ''Boredom'' specifically for something taking a long time, rather than merely being uninteresting. NOTE: CYC 'Tedium' is somehow related to this, but the CYC gloss references CYC-specific elements not oviously related to this type. CYC 'Tedium': A specialization of #$Quantity-ScriptUse. This is the collection of all the instances of #$Quantity-ScriptUse that represent various levels of tedium with respect to events. Instances of this collection are usually formed by using the #$GenericValueFunctions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boredom' in WordNet: 1. (7) boredom, ennui, tedium - (the feeling of being bored by something tedious) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingTiredOfSomething, :EmotionalState, :Listlessness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bored ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :BoricAcid :guid "3cb837b4-fb50-41d6-853f-8fcb315c70df" ; :wnsense "boric acid1n", "orthoboric acid1n" ; :wordnet "boric acid", "orthoboric acid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of samples of boric acid; H3BO3. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boric acid' in WordNet: 1. boric acid, orthoboric acid - (a white or colorless slightly acid solid that is soluble in water and ethanol; used in the manufacture of glass and paper and adhesives and in detergents and as a flux in welding; also used as an antiseptic and food preservative) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acid, :InorganicMaterial . :Boring :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Boredom ; :isTheOppositeOf :Amusing, :Exciting ; :wnsense "boring1adj", "deadening1adj", "dull4adj", "ho-hum1adj", "irksome1adj", "tedious1adj", "tiresome1adj", "wearisome1adj" ; :wordnet "boring", "deadening", "dull", "ho-hum", "irksome", "tedious", "tiresome", "wearisome" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of events or texts (abstract or physical) that signify that the person experiencing the Event was not only not stimulated, but bored (an unpleasant feeling). See also ''Endless'' for things that *seem* to go on forever (to long). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'boring' in WordNet: 1. (2) boring, deadening, dull, ho-hum, irksome, slow, tedious, tiresome, wearisome - (so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness; 'a boring evening with uninteresting people'; 'the deadening effect of some routine tasks'; 'a dull play'; 'his competent but dull performance'; 'a ho-hum speaker who couldn't capture their attention'; 'what an irksome task the writing of long letters is'- Edmund Burke; 'tedious days on the train'; 'the tiresome chirping of a cricket'- Mark Twain; 'other people's dreams are dreadfully wearisome') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dull, :Uninteresting, :Unpleasant . :BoringSomeone :wnsense "bore1v", "tire4v" ; :wordnet "bore", "tire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BoringSomeone'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' Event in which the resulting attribute is ''Bored''. The 'agent' of this Action can be an Event or a ''Person''. In the latter case, it is usually some action or attribute of the ''Person'' that causes ''Boredom''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bore' in WordNet: 1. (7) bore, tire - (cause to be bored) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bored ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boredom ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Born :en "brought into existence" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BirthEvent ; :ldoce "born" ; :wnsense "born1adj" ; :wordnet "born" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Born'' is an AttributeValue of an organism that experienced a ''BirthEvent''. It is used more generally and metaphorically to refer to anything brought into existence (in some particualr TimeInterval). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'born' in Wordnet: 1. (5) born - (brought into existence; 'he was a child born of adultery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive, :PastParticiple . :BornAgain :wnsense "born-again1adj", "converted1adj", "reborn1adj" ; :wordnet "born-again", "converted", "reborn" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'born-again' in Wordnet: 1. born-again, converted, reborn - (spiritually reborn or converted; 'a born-again Christian'; 'a converted sinner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Boron :guid "bd58b4ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "5"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "B3n", "boron1n" ; :wordnet "B", "boron" ; a :ElementType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC an object; in COSMO a Substance. CYC: All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of boron; typically, these will be tightly bound into form, but not necessarily. )( All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of boron; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form -- but not necessarily Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boron' in WordNet: 1. boron, B, atomic number 5 - (a trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :NonMetal . :Borough :wnsense "borough1n" ; :wordnet "borough" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Borough'' is a subdivision of a City - the most prominent being any of the five boroughs of New York City.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'borough' in WordNet: 1. (3) borough - (one of the administrative divisions of a large city) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :City ; owl:onProperty :isaPrimarySubdivisionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewYorkCityNY_USA ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ] . :Borrowed :en "borrowed" ; :enadj "borrowed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Borrowing ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Borrowed'' is an Attribute of Objects (Physical or Abstract) that were obtained in a ''Borrowing'' Action (which implies a correlated reciprocal ''Lending'' Action). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :BorrowedObject :en "borrowed object", "borrowed thing" ; :enn "borrowed object", "borrowed thing" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BorrowedObject'' is an Object (abstract or concrete) that was loaned in a Lending/Borrowing Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Lending ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Borrowing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Borrowed ] . :Borrower :wnsense "borrower1n" ; :wordnet "borrower" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LegalAgent'' (individual or Organization) who has performed the Action of ''Borrowing'' and therefore initiates a state of ''Owing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'borrower' in WordNet: 1. (1) borrower - (someone who receives something on the promise to return it or its equivalent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Borrowing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConverseCorrelatedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :Lender ) ] ] . :Borrowing :en "borrowing" ; :ldoce "borrow" ; :wnsense "borrow1v" ; :wordnet "borrow" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO; The subclass of of Getting Processes where one agent gets something from another agent, with the other agen't permission, for a limited period of time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest). This is the action of 'borrowing' from the perspective of the receiver; the perspective of the lender is represented by the reciprocal action 'Lending'. COSMO: Each Lending implies a Borrowing, and vice versa; this alternation in meaning is partly accommodated by having both 'Lending' and 'Borrowing' be subtypes of 'Sharing'. The relationship of these two actions is specified by the 'hasReciprocalEvent' restriction. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'borrow' in WordNet: 1. (16) borrow - (get temporarily; 'May I borrow your lawn mower?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GainingControl, :ObligationCreatingEvent, :Sharing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Lending ] . :Borzoi :guid "be184e81-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Russian wolfhound1n", "borzoi1n" ; :wordnet "Russian wolfhound", "borzoi" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of large dogs. Before 1936 in North America he was known as the Russian Wolfhound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'borzoi' in WordNet: 1. borzoi, Russian wolfhound - (tall fast-moving dog breed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrackingAnAnimal ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :Bosnia-Herzegovina a :Country . :BosniaAndHerzegovina a :Country . :Bosnian :isAnAttributeValueOf :GeopoliticalRegion ; :wnsense "Bosnian1adj" ; :wordnet "Bosnian" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Bosnian' in WordNet: 1. Bosnian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Bosnia-Herzegovina or the people of Bosnia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Boss :wnsense "boss1n", "boss3n" ; :wordnet "boss" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who manages some Employee(s) in a business. NOTe that this includes people who are their own 'boss'. A 'foreman' would be a subtype. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'boss' in WordNet: 1. (6) foreman, chief, gaffer, honcho, boss - (a person who exercises control over workers; 'if you want to leave early you have to ask the foreman') 3. (1) boss - (a person who exercises control and makes decisions; 'he is his own boss now') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manager, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Employee ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :Bossy :wnsense "bossy1adj" ; :wordnet "bossy" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bossy'' is an attribute of a person who tends to make demands or give advice that is not requested sufficient to be offensive. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bossy' in WordNet: 1. autocratic, bossy, dominating, high-and-mighty, magisterial, peremptory - (offensively self-assured or given to exercising usually unwarranted power; 'an autocratic person'; 'autocratic behavior'; 'a bossy way of ordering others around'; 'a rather aggressive and dominating character'; 'managed the employees in an aloof magisterial way'; 'a swaggering peremptory manner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offensive, :PersonTraitValue . :BostonArea :isSmallerThan :StateOfMassachusetts ; a :CityRegion . :BostonCommon :isControlledBy :BostonMassachusetts ; :isLocatedAt :BostonMassachusetts ; :isOwnedBy :BostonMassachusetts ; a :CityPark . :BostonMassachusetts :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :BostonArea ; a :City, :USCity . :Botanical :pertainsTo :Botany, :Plant ; :wnsense "botanical1adj" ; :wordnet "botanical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'botanical' in Wordnet: 1. botanic, botanical - (of or relating to plants or botany; \"botanical garden\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Botanist :guid "bd58ab79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'botanist' in WordNet: 1. (1) botanist, phytologist, plant scientist - (a biologist specializing in the study of plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Botany ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Botany :hasSubjectOfStudy :Plant ; :wnsense "botany1n", "phytology1n" ; :wordnet "botany", "phytology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Botany'' is the branch of ''Biology'' that studies ''Plant''s. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'botany' in WordNet: 2. botany, phytology - (the branch of biology that studies plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :BothArms :en "both arms", "two arms" ; a :GroupType, :LimbType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothArms'' is the Group of two arms on the same Person. This is used to refer to actions performed with both arms - usually human,but other primates may do things with both arms. @TODo: specify right and left arms.?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :BothBreasts :en "boobs", "both breasts", "breasts", "knockers", "two breasts" ; :enn "boobs", "breasts", "knockers" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothBreasts'' is the Group of two ''Breast''s on the same Woman. This is included to represent a ''Brassiere'' properly - it may be useful for other purposes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breast ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BothEars :en "both ears", "ears", "the ears", "the two ears on the same person" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothEars'' is Group consisting of the two ''Ear''s on the same person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:hasValue :Ear ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:hasValue :Ear ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :BothEyes :en "both eyes", "eyes", "the eyes" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothEyes'' is the Group of two ''VertebrateEye''s still on the same Animal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:hasValue :VertebrateEye ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InSitu ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BothFeet :en "both feet", "the two feet on one person", "the two feet on the same person", "two feet" ; a :GroupType, :TwoLegsOrFeetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothFeet'' is the Group of two 'Foot''s on the same Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BothHands :en "both hands" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothHands'' is the Group of two 'Hand''s on the same Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanBodyPart, :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BothHeels :en "both heels" ; :ennp "heels" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothHeels'' is the Group of two ''Heel''s on the same Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:hasValue :Heel ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BothLegs :en "both legs" ; a :GroupType, :TwoLegsOrFeetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting of the ''RightHumanLeg'' and ''LeftHumanLeg'' of the same person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RightHumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeftHumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BothLips :en "both lips", "lips", "the lips" ; :ennp "lips" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothLips'' is the Group of two ''HumanLip''s still on the same Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanBodyPart, :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :HumanLip ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InSitu ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BothParents :en "both parents", "parents" ; :enn "both parents", "parents" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothParents'' is the Group of two ''Parent''s of the same Person. This is typically referred to as 'parents' or 'one's parents'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Parent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :hasChild ] . :BothScores :en "both scores" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothScores'' is the Group of two ''IndividualScore''s in a ''DualScoreEvent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameScore, :OrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BothSideburns :en "both sideburns" ; :ennp "sideburns" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BothSideburns'' is a (usually matched in color and size) ''Pair'' of ''Sideburn''s, on the same Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialHair, :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Sideburn ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matched ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BothThumbs :en "both thumbs", "thumbs" ; :enn "thumbs" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothThumbs'' is the Group of two 'Thumb''s on the same Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanBodyPart, :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Thumb ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BothTusks :en "both tusks", "tusks" ; :enn "tusks" ; :ennp "both tusks" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothTusks'' is the Group of two ''Tusk''s still on the same elephant or Walrus. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:hasValue :Tusk ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InSitu ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BothWings :en "both wings", "the wings of a bird", "wings" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BothWings'' is a ''Pair'' consisting of the two ''Wing''s on the same ''Bird''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Wing ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Botswana :wnsense "Botswana1n" ; :wordnet "Botswana" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Botswana' in WordNet: 1. Botswana, Republic of Botswana - (a landlocked republic in south-central Africa that became independent from British control in the 1960s) """ . :Bottle :guid "bd58ec96-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bottle" ; :typicallyHasPhysicalPart :BottleCap ; :wnsense "bottle1n" ; :wordnet "bottle" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A usually cylindrical (but sometimes boxlike) container designed for holding some quantity of liquid (although it may be repurposed for semiliquids or pourable granular solids) with a single portal at the end of a ''Constriction'' on the very top. The difference between a 'Jar' and a 'Bottle' in COSMO is only in the width of the opening, relative to the width of the container. For COSMO purposes, a Jar has an opening diameter at least half the maximum diameter of the cylindrical portion, and a 'Bottle' has an opening diameter less than half the maximum diameter. SUMO requires that a 'Bottle' have no handle, but that is not a requirement in COSMO. The small handles on some bottles do not disqualify them. A ''Bottle'' has to be small enough to be a ''PortableObject''. The part ''BottleNeck'' provides more detail about the characteristic features of a ''Bottle''. NOTE: some subtypes with handles are represented as a ''Jug''. SUMO: A Container whose top is narrower than its bottom, which has no handle, and which is intended to store Liquids. Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'bottle in WordNet: 1. (32) bottle - (a glass or plastic vessel used for storing drinks or other liquids; typically cylindrical without handles and with a narrow neck that can be plugged or capped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerWithTopCap, :CylindricalHollowObject, :LiquidContainer, :NonPoweredDevice, :SmallObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottleNeck ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottleNeck ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingObject ] . :BottleCap :en "bottle cap" ; :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :Bottle ; :wnsense "bottlecap1n" ; :wordnet "bottlecap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BottleCap'is a 'TopCap' intended to be used as a ContainerLid for a Bottle, but is not a cork,and must extend over the sides of the portal so as to . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottle cap' in WordNet: . bottlecap - (a cap that seals a bottle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TopCap . :BottleFeedingAnInfant :en "bottlefeeding" ; :wnsense "bottlefeed1v" ; :wordnet "bottlefeed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BottleFeedingAnInfant' is a ''FeedingAnInfant'' Event in which someone suplies a Human infant with milk or some substitute similar nutriment from a bottle or similar container.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bottlefeed' in WordNet: 1. bottlefeed - (feed (infants) with a bottle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeedingAnInfant . :BottleGourd :guid "bd58a71d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bottle gourd1n", "calabash3n" ; :wordnet "bottle gourd", "calabash" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of gourd plant with a hard-shelled fruit used to make a ''GourdBottle''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottle gourd' in WordNet: 1. bottle gourd, calabash, Lagenaria siceraria - (Old World climbing plant with hard-shelled bottle-shaped gourds as fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GourdPlant . :BottleNeck :en "bottle neck" ; :wnsense "bottleneck2n" ; :wordnet "bottleneck" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the literal ''BottleNeck'', the narrow neck of a ''Bottle'' near the top that ends with the opening (''BottlePortal'') into and out of which liquids are placed and removed. This detail is here because bottles have such a distinctive shape and are very common. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bottleneck' in Wordnet: 2. bottleneck - (the narrow part of a bottle near the top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constriction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bottle ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bottle ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottlePortal ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ] . :BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage'' is a ''Bottle'' containing some quantity of an ''AlcoholicBeverage'' of any kind. \" ContainedLiquidObject \" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BottleOfStuff, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainedAlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BottleOfChampagne :en "bottle of champagne" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BottleOfChampagne'' is a ''BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage'', a subtype of a '''BottleOfWine'', containing. some quantity of ''Champagne''. This should be for a full bottle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainedChampagne ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BottleOfStuff a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BottleOfStuff'' is a ''Bottle'' containing some quantity of a ''LiquidSubstance'' of any kind. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bottle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainedLiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BottleOfWine :en "bottle of wine" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BottleOfWine'' is a ''BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage'' containing. some quantity of ''Wine''. This should be for a full bottle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage, :WineObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainedWine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :BottleOpener :wnsense "bottle opener1n" ; :wordnet "bottle opener" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BottleOpener'' is an 'Opener'' designed to open ''Bottle''s. There are several kinds, inlcuding some that open srew-cap bottles as well as those that open corked bottles (such as subtype ''Corkscrew'') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottle opener' in WordNet: 1. bottle opener - (an opener for removing caps or corks from bottles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opener, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpeningaBottle ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :BottleOrJarPortal a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BottleOrJarPortal' a Portal located at the top of a Bottle or Jar or Jug, Flask, or dispenser can, through which the contents are put in or removed. There should be a specification that the portal is located at the top side of the jar, but to avoid reifying the top side of every object, there should be a 'TopSideOf' function, and this restriction will be deferred until such functions are defined in an FOL implementation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Portal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainerWithTopCap ; owl:onProperty :isaFeatureOf ] . :BottlePortal a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BottlePortal' is the opening (''Portal'') at the top of a ''Bottle'' into which and from which liquids are poured into or poured from. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BottleOrJarPortal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bottle ; owl:onProperty :isaFeatureOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bottle ; owl:onProperty :isaFeatureOf ] . :Bottled :en "bottled" ; :enadj "bottled" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :BottledWater, :HardObject, :LiquidSubstance ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BottlingaLiquid ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bottled'' is an attribute of ''LiquidSubstance''s that have been stored in a ''Bottle''. Gases need a separate type. Not WN sense for 'bottled'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :BottledWater :wnsense "bottled water1n" ; :wordnet "bottled water" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BottledWater'' is drinking water stored in a ''Bottle'', usually by a commercial Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottled water' in WordNet: 1. bottled water - (drinking water (often spring water) that is put into bottles and offered for sale) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Water . :BottlingaLiquid :wnsense "bottle1v", "bottle2v" ; :wordnet "bottle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BottlingaLiquid'' is a ''PuttingSomethingIntoStorage'' and a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' where the 'something' is a Liquid and the 'somewhere' is a''Bottle''. Includes verb sense 2 and part (forliquids) of sense 1 of 'bottle' in WordNet: 1. bottle - (store (liquids or gases) in bottles) 2. bottle - (put into bottles; 'bottle the mineral water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingIntoStorage, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bottle ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bottled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :BottomOfAnOcean :en "bottom of an ocean", "ocean bottom", "ocean floor" ; :wnsense "floor5n" ; :wordnet "floor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BottomOfAnOcean'' is the BottomPart of some ''Ocean'', or ofaconnected adjacent body of water (bay, etc.) Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 5 of 'floor' (TODO: parent needed for more accurate representation) in WordNet: 5. (1) floor - (the bottom surface of any a cave or lake etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BottomPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ocean ] . :BottomOfTheAtlantic a :GeographicalRegion . :BottomPart :ldoce "bottom" ; :wnsense "bottom2n" ; :wordnet "bottom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The BottomPart of a TopAndBottomSidedObject is the PhysicalObject that is part below all the other parts in a gravitational field, when the TopAndBottomSidedObject is oriented as intended. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bottom' in WordNet: 2. (7) bottom - (the lowest part of anything; 'they started at the bottom of the hill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientedPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :TopAndBottomSidedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopPart ; owl:onProperty :isBelow ] . :BottomSide :guid "bd58d673-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bottom" ; :wnsense "bottom1n", "underside1n", "undersurface1n" ; :wordnet "bottom", "underside", "undersurface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Side. Each instance of #$BottomSide is the entire bottom side (as conventionally understood) of an object that has distinct sides, one of which faces down. COSMO: Note that the BottomSide does not have to be physically below the TopSide if the object is not in its usual orientation (e.g. is lying on its side side). See also 'BaseOfObject' for a related concept. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottom' in WordNet: 1. (9) bottom, underside, undersurface - (the lower side of anything) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Side, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :TopAndBottomSidedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopSide ; owl:onProperty :isBelow ] . :Botulin :wnsense "botulism1n" ; :wordnet "botulism" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Botulin'' is a ''Poison'' produce by bacteria of the 'Botulinus' genus. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodPoisoning . :BotulinumToxin :guid "befc7427-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "botulinum toxin1n" ; :wordnet "botulinum toxin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$ToxicSubstance produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Causes #$Botulism when ingested in sufficient amounts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'botulinum toxin' in WordNet: 1. botulinum toxin - (any of several neurotoxins that are produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum; causes muscle paralysis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, :ToxicSubstance, :Toxin . :Botulism :guid "c0fd4876-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "botulism1n" ; :wordnet "botulism" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Botulism'' is a ''FoodPoisoning'' caused by ''BotulinumToxin'' produced by the bacterium 'Clostridium botulinum'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'botulism' in WordNet: 1. botulism - (food poisoning from ingesting botulin; not infectious; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodPoisoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BotulinumToxin ; owl:onProperty :isCausedByExposureTo ] . :Boulder :guid "c0fdefd7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boulder1n", "bowlder1n" ; :wordnet "boulder", "bowlder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boulder' in WordNet: 1. (1) boulder, bowlder - (a large smooth mass of rock detached from its place of origin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StoneObject-Natural, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Round ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bouncer :guid "bd588cad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bouncer1n", "chucker-out1n" ; :wordnet "bouncer", "chucker-out" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person hired to remove disorderly people from nightclubs, etc. In most real-world contexts most or all bouncers are men. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bouncer' in WordNet: 1. bouncer, chucker-out - (a person whose duty is to throw troublemakers out of a bar or public meeting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, :Guard, :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExpellingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Bound :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DocumentBindingEvent ; :wnsense "bound3adj" ; :wordnet "bound" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bound'' is the attribute of a ''Document'' that experienced a ''DocumentBindingEvent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'bound' in Wordnet: 3. (2) bound - (secured with a cover or binding; often used as a combining form; 'bound volumes'; 'leather-bound volumes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Boundary :BFO "ObjectBoundary" ; :wnsense "bound2n", "boundary1n", "bounds1n" ; :wordnet "bound", "boundary", "bounds" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Boundary'' is a one- or two-dimensional Region that has no volume and therefore no mass. The BFO 'Boundary' is unclear as to whether it is a plane or has some depth, but this interprets it as having no depth, The 'surface of the skin; would not be an instance; that would be a subtype of ''SurfaceOnTangibleObject'', which is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' and has some depth and mass. BFO 'ObjectBoundary': Comment: Boundaries are theoretically difficult entities to account for, however the intuitive notion of a physical boundary as a surface of some sort (whether inside or outside of a thing) will generally serve as a good guide for the use of this universal. BFO: Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is a lower dimensional part of a spatial entity, normally a closed two-dimensional surface. Boundaries are those privileged parts of object [snap:Object] entities that exist at exactly the point where the object [snap:Object] is separated off from the rest of the existing entities in the world. BFO: Examples: the surface of the skin, the surface of the earth, the surface of the interior of the stomach, the outer surface of a cell or cell wall BFO: Synonyms: substance boundary Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boundary' in WordNet: 1. (4) boundary, bound, bounds - (the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :Region . :BoundaryLine :wnsense "border1n", "borderline1n", "boundary line1n", "boundary2n", "edge3n" ; :wordnet "border", "borderline", "boundary", "boundary line", "edge" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BoundaryLine' is an intangible line that divides two two-dimensional regions or two PhysicalObjects. The restriction requires that the regions be specified, and they must be contiguous. In the case where the line separates PhysicalObjects, those objects must be oriented surfaces, so that the line on the surface can be projected in a direction parallel to the surface to create a dividing area - this is particularly useful for boundaries between geographical regions, both 2-D and 3-D (although in that case a ''BoundaryPlane'' might be more appropriate). A 'BoundaryLine' is in effect a ''Margin'' of zero width. Includes noun sense 2 of 'boundary' and sense 1 of 'border' in WordNet: 2. (2) boundary, edge, bound - (a line determining the limits of an area) WN noun 'border': 1. (5) boundary line, border, borderline, delimitation, mete - (a line that indicates a boundary) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boundary, :Line, :Margin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :RegionPair ] . :BoundaryPlane :en "boundary" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BoundaryPlane' is an intangible two-dimensional plane (not necessarily flat) that divides two three-dimensional regions or two PhysicalObjects. A 'BoundaryPlane' is in effect a ''Margin'' of zero width. The boundary between two countries could be considered as a ''BoundaryPlane'' that extends from the center of the earth to the upper edge of the atmosphere. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boundary, :Margin, :SpaceSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :RegionPair ] . :Bountifulness :wnsense "amplitude2n", "bountifulness1n", "bounty2n" ; :wordnet "amplitude", "bountifulness", "bounty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bountifulness' in WordNet: 1. amplitude, bountifulness, bounty - (the property of copious abundance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abundance . :Bounty :wnsense "bounty1n", "premium4n" ; :wordnet "bounty", "premium" ; a :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bounty'' is a ''Reward'' offered or given by a ''GovernmentAgency''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bounty' in WordNet: 1. bounty, premium - (payment or reward (especially from a government) for acts such as catching criminals or killing predatory animals or enlisting in the military) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reward, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentAgency ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Bouquet :wnsense "bouquet1n" ; :wordnet "bouquet" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FloralArrangement that has CutFlowers tied together and is intended to be carried, rather than one contained in a vase or fixed to an object or stand. The Bouquet can be inserted in a vase, but must originate as a group of flowers held together and carried without a container (though perhaps in a small cup used to hold the Bouquet together and provide some water). One can say that one puts a bouquet into a vase, and in that case it can be a 'FloralArrangement'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bouquet' in WordNet: 1. (3) bouquet, corsage, posy, nosegay - (an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloralArrangement, :PortableObject . :Bourbon :wnsense "bourbon2n" ; :wordnet "bourbon" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bourbon'' is a type of ''Whiskey'' distilled from a fermented mash having more than 50% corn. RHW 'bourbon': a straight whiskey distilled from a mash having 51 percent or more corn: originally the corn whiskey produced in Bourbon County, Kentucky. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bourbon' in WordNet: 2. (1) bourbon - (whiskey distilled from a mash of corn and malt and rye and aged in charred oak barrels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Whiskey, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CerealFood ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Bourgeois :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "bourgeois2adj", "conservative5adj", "materialistic2adj" ; :wordnet "bourgeois", "conservative", "materialistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Middle-Class'' is the attribute of a Person who is neither rich nor poor.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bourgeois' in Wordnet: 2. bourgeois, conservative, materialistic - (conforming to the standards and conventions of the middle class; 'a bourgeois mentality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Middle-Class . :Bout :wnsense "bout3n" ; :wordnet "bout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Bout'' is for ''Competition''s between two individual people. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bout' in WordNet: 3. bout - (a contest or fight (especially between boxers or wrestlers)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BoutOfIllness :wnsense "bout2n" ; :wordnet "bout" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bout' in WordNet: 2. bout - (a period of illness; 'a bout of fever'; 'a bout of depression') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AilmentCondition ; owl:onProperty :commonlyHasEventType ] . :Boutique :en "boutique" ; :enn "boutique" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Boutique'' is a ''Shop'' that provides low-volume goods or services, with more that average interaction between the owner or attendants and the customers. This is the general sense from RHW sense 2: RHW 'boutique': 2. any small, exclusive business offering customized service: Our advertising is handled by a new Madison Avenue boutique. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceEstablishment, :Shop ; owl:disjointWith :RetailChainStore . :BouvetIsland a :Country . :Bovid :wnsense "bovid1n" ; :wordnet "bovid" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bovid' in WordNet: 1. bovid - (hollow-horned ruminants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ruminant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoHorns ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :Bovine :wnsense "bovine1n" ; :wordnet "bovine" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All types of animals that can be referred to as 'cattle'; includes buffalo, cows.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bovine' in WordNet: 1. bovine - (any of various members of the genus Bos) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bovid, :HerdAnimal . :Bow-Weapon :guid "bd58c1ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bow4n" ; :wordnet "bow" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'bow' is not complete without the ''Bowstring'' part. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bow' in Wordnet: 4. (1) bow - (curved piece of resilient wood with taut cord to propel arrows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :PrimitiveWeapon, :ProjectileLauncher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arrow ; owl:onProperty :propels ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bowstring ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :BowForStringInstrument :guid "be2fd185-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bow2n" ; :wordnet "bow" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all bows designed to be used in events of type (#$InstrumentPlayingFn #$StringInstrument) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bow' in WordNet: 2. (2) bow - (a slightly curved piece of resilient wood with taut horsehair strands, used in playing certain stringed instrument) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :Device-UserPowered . :BowTie :guid "c0fd55e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bowtie1n" ; :wordnet "bowtie" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Necktie that is tied in a bow, and does not hang down the front of a man's shirt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowtie' in WordNet: 1. bow tie, bow-tie, bowtie - (a man's tie that ties in a bow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Necktie . :BowWow :isEmittedBy :Dog ; :wnsense "bow-wow1n" ; :wordnet "bow-wow" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'bow-wowing' sound made by a dog. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bow-wow' in Wordnet: 1. bow-wow - (the bark of a dog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarkingSound . :BowedStringInstrument :wnsense "string2n" ; :wordnet "string" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StringInstrument'' that is played by drawing a ''BowForStringInstrument'' over the strings. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'string' in Wordnet: 2. (3) bowed stringed instrument, string - (stringed instruments that are played with a bow; 'the strings played superlatively well') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalInstrument-Acoustic, :StringInstrument . :Bowing :en "bowing" ; :guid "bd590a26-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bow1v", "bow3v" ; :wordnet "bow" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any downward motion of the upper part of the body that indicates respect for or submission to another Agent. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'bow' in WordNet: 1. (11) bow, bow down - (bend one's knee or body, or lower one's head; 'He bowed before the King'; 'She bowed her head in shame') 3. (1) bow - (bend the head or the upper part of the body in a gesture of respect or greeting; 'He bowed before the King') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAGesture . :Bowl-Eating :guid "bd58dd45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bowl" ; :wnsense "bowl1n" ; :wordnet "bowl" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bowl that holds about the right amount of food for one person. A 'Bowl-Eating' may also be used for serving food to multiple persons, but its design function is to be used as the vessel from which a single person eats. Compare 'Bowl-Eating' with 'Bowl-Mixing' and 'Bowl-Serving'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'bowl' in WordNet: 1. (2) bowl - (a round vessel that is open at the top; used for holding fruit or liquids or for serving food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bowl-Generic, :EatingVessel, :SmallObject . :Bowl-Generic :guid "bd58ec31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bowl" ; :wnsense "bowl1n", "bowl3n" ; :wordnet "bowl" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Containers usually used to contain food, although they could contain anything. See also the more specific subtypes: 'Bowl-Eating', 'Bowl-Mixing', and 'Bowl-Serving'. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'bowl' in WordNet: 1. (2) bowl - (a round vessel that is open at the top; used for holding fruit or liquids or for serving food) 3. (1) bowl - (a dish that is round and open at the top for serving foods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Basin, :FoodVessel, :NonPoweredDevice, :OpenTopContainer . :Bowl-Mixing :guid "c10081a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bowl" ; :wnsense "bowl1n" ; :wordnet "bowl" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bowl typically larger than a 'Bowl-Eating', whose design function is to conveniently mix foods together. Compare 'Bowl-Mixing' with 'Bowl-Eating' and 'Bowl-Serving'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bowl-Generic, :SmallObject . :Bowl-Serving :guid "bd58ebf7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bowl" ; :wnsense "bowl3n" ; :wordnet "bowl" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Bowls used for serving food. These bowls are large, and they hold several individual servings. Compare 'Bowl-Serving' with 'Bowl-Eating' and 'Bowl-Mixing'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bowl' in WordNet: 3. (1) bowl - (a dish that is round and open at the top for serving foods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bowl-Generic, :ServingVessel . :Bowler :wnsense "bowler2n" ; :wordnet "bowler" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This represents any person who is ''Bowling'' or bowls as a hobby. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bowler' in WordNet: 2. bowler - (a player who rolls balls down an alley at pins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Player, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bowling ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BowlerHat :wnsense "bowler hat1n", "bowler3n", "derby hat1n", "derby1n", "plug hat1n" ; :wordnet "bowler", "bowler hat", "derby", "derby hat", "plug hat" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BowlerHat'' is a ''Hat'' with a rounded top and a brim. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bowler' in WordNet: 3. bowler hat, bowler, derby hat, derby, plug hat - (a felt hat that is round and hard with a narrow brim) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Player, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Round ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brim ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Bowling :wnsense "bowling1n" ; :wordnet "bowling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Recreation that involves throwing a 'BowlingBall' at a set of 'BowlingPins' that are standing at the end of a 'BowlingAlley', to make the pins fall over. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowling' in Wordnet: 1. bowling - (a game in which balls are rolled at an object or group of objects with the aim of knocking them over or moving them) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :RecreationalActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BowlingPin ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BowlingBall ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :BowlingBall :wnsense "bowling ball1n" ; :wordnet "bowling ball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ball used in Bowling. Large and heavy enough to take xome effort to lift. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowling ball' in Wordnet: 1. bowling ball, bowl - (a large ball with finger holes used in the sport of bowling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Ball, :Device, :GameArtifact, :ManufacturedGoods, :RigidObject, :SphericalObject, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bowling ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :BowlingPin :wnsense "bowling pin1n" ; :wordnet "bowling pin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Club''-shaped object of a type designed to be used in the game of ''Bowling'', consisting of a ''LongAndThin'' piece of rigid material, usually wood, with a flat bottom that allows it to be placed stably in a verticalorientation, but which can, because of its weight distribution, be easily knocked out of the vertical position. Knocking such pins out of the vertical position with a ball rolled down a lane is the goal of the game of ''Bowling''. Not all ''BowlingPin''s are bottle-shaped; candlestick pins are almost straight. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowling pin' in Wordnet: 1. bowling pin, pin - (a club-shaped wooden object used in bowling; set up in triangular groups of ten as the target) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameArtifact, :HandSizedObject, :LongAndThinThing, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bowling ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Club-Weapon ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Bowsprit :wnsense "bowsprit1n" ; :wordnet "bowsprit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pole'' that projects forward from the front of a sailing ship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowsprit' in Wordnet: 1. bowsprit - (a spar projecting from the bow of a vessel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShipsBow ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :Bowstring :wnsense "bowstring1n" ; :wordnet "bowstring" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cord'' connected to the two ends of the rigid part of a .''Bow-Weapon'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowstring' in WordNet: 1. (1) bowstring - (the string of an archer's bow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bow-Weapon ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Box :guid "bd58d05e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "box" ; :wnsense "box1n" ; :wordnet "box" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Box' is a container that is a 'PortableObject' (carryable by one person); it is a RigidObject (in contrast to a Bag or backpack), and may be made of various non-metallic materials such as wood, cardboard, plastic, or even (for small boxes) papier-mache. A metal box-like object would be a 'MetalContainer'. Although most boxes in common use are hexalateral oblong-shaped boxes, some are round or hexagonal (e.g. a hat box). Boxes come in various sizes, from very small (a few cc in volume) to large boxes used in shipping, but to fit into this category, must be able to be carried by one person when empty (using two hands). A 'Box', even a moderately small one, when filled with very dense material may not be able to be carried by one person; the 'portable' restriction is on size, not weight; a 'Box' cannot be wider than the average span of a person's arms (roughly 250 centimeters). A larger 'box' would be considered as a 'crate' (not yet represented). NOTE that a 'Case-Container' (such as a camera case) may sometimes be as small as and shaped like a 'Box' (which see), but it should be *specifically* designed to hold a certain type of object, or dissasembled parts of an object, or a set of objects used for a related purpose. For a specifically hexalateral-shaped box,use the subtype 'HexalateralBox'. A cardboard box is also represented as the subtype 'CardboardBox'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'box' in WordNet: 1. (26) box - (a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid; 'he rummaged through a box of spare parts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :PortableObject, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "250"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ] . :BoxCar :wnsense "boxcar1n" ; :wordnet "boxcar" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BoxCar'' is an enclosed ''FreightCar'' designed to transport various types of products that are loaded and unloaded through the sliding doors on the sides. Sometimes homeless people ('hoboes') use such cars for transportation without payment - illegally. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boxcar' in WordNet: 1. (5) boxcar - (a freight car with roof and sliding doors in the sides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreightCar, :HexalateralBox, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oblong ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepiped ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepipedLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :BoxElder :en "box-elder" ; :wnsense "box elder1n" ; :wordnet "box elder" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'box elder' in Wordnet: 1. box elder, ash-leaved maple, Acer negundo - (common shade tree of eastern and central United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MapleTree . :BoxFul :isTheQuantityThatWillFillA :Box ; :ldoce "box" ; :wnsense "box3n", "boxful1n" ; :wordnet "box", "boxful" ; a :ContainerFull ; rdfs:comment """A 'BoxFul' is the quantity that will fill a container called a 'Box.' A Box can be of any size, but a 'Boxful' will typically range from the volume of a shoebox to the volume of a storage box that needs two hands to lift. in WordNet: 1. box, boxful - (the quantity contained in a box; 'he gave her a box of chocolates') """ . :BoxOfPlayingCards :en "box of cards" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BoxOfPlayingCards'' is a small ''CardboardBox'' containing a ''DeckOfCards'' (of any kind). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, :Pack, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CardboardBox ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeckOfCards ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :Boxcars :wnsense "boxcars1n" ; :wordnet "boxcars" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Boxcars'' is a ''DiceThrowScore'' of twelve, with six dots on the top surface of each of the two dice after they are thrown. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boxcars' in WordNet: 1. boxcars - ((usually plural) when two dice are thrown and both come up showing six spots the result is called 'boxcars') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiceThrowScore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :N_12 ; owl:onProperty :hasRepresentation ] . :Boxer :wnsense "boxer1n", "pugilist1n" ; :wordnet "boxer", "pugilist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Boxer'' is a ''Fighter'' who performs ''Boxing'', a sport in which no wepons are used other than fists or feet. This includes a kck-boxer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boxer' in WordNet: 1. (1) boxer, pugilist - (someone who fights with his fists for sport) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fighter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoxingMatch ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Boxing :wnsense "boxing1n", "fisticuffs2n", "pugilism1n" ; :wordnet "boxing", "fisticuffs", "pugilism" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The western Sport of 'boxing',fighting with the fists within certain rules. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boxing' in WordNet: 1. boxing, pugilism, fisticuffs - (fighting with the fists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoxingMatch ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :BoxingMatch :wnsense "boxing match1n" ; :wordnet "boxing match" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BoxingMatch'' is an execution of the sport of 'boxing' that usually lasts more than a few 'rounds' unless someone is KO'd early in the match. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boxing match' in WordNet: 1. boxing match - (a match between boxers; usually held in a boxing ring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bout, :CombatSportsEvent, :Fight-Physical, :MatchSportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Boxer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boxing ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PunchingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knockout ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Boy :ldoce "boy" ; :wnsense "boy1n" ; :wordnet "boy" ; a :LifeStageType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Boy is a male HumanYouth - a male human under 18 years of age. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boy' in WordNet: 1. (144) male child, boy - (a youthful male person; 'the baby was a boy'; 'she made the boy brush his teeth every night'; 'most soldiers are only boys in uniform') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanYouth, :MalePerson . :BoyFriend :wnsense "beau1n", "boyfriend1n", "swain1n" ; :wordnet "beau", "boyfriend", "swain" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''BoyFriend'' is a ''MalePerson'' who is a''Lover'' of the same Person of whom he is the 'BoyFriend''.. This can be of any reasonable age (teen or above) and must be somewhat romantic, but need not include sexual activity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boyfriend' in WordNet: 1. boyfriend, fellow, beau, swain, young man - (a man who is the lover of a girl or young woman; 'if I'd known he was her boyfriend I wouldn't have asked') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lover, :MalePerson . :BoyScouts :wnsense "Boy Scouts1n" ; :wordnet "Boy Scouts" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Scouts'' organization for young boys. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Boy Scouts' in Wordnet: 1. Boy Scouts - (an international (but decentralized) movement started in 1908 in England with the goal of teaching good citizenship to boys) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScoutingOrganization . :Boycotting :eng "boycotting" ; :wnsense "boycott1n", "boycott1v" ; :wordnet "boycott" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Boycotting'' is a means of ''ResistingaPolicy'' by ''Refraining'' from having business dealings with some Organization as a means of protesting and attempting to make that Organization change its offensive action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'boycott' in WordNet: 1. (2) boycott - (refuse to sponsor; refuse to do business with) WN noun 'boycott': 1. boycott - (a group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refraining, :ResistingaPolicy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Transaction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Brace :wnsense "brace9n", "bracing1n" ; :wordnet "brace", "bracing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Brace'' is a supporting part of a large artifact - not the thing that supports teeth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bracing' in WordNet: 1. (2) brace, bracing - (a structural member used to stiffen a framework) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuralMember . :Bracelet :guid "bd58fa2d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bangle1n", "bracelet2n" ; :wordnet "bangle", "bracelet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of bracelets, a kind of jewelry (typically ringlike in shape when worn, perhaps with a small gap) intended to be worn on the wrist. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bracelet' in WordNet: 2. bracelet, bangle - (jewelry worn around the wrist for decoration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :ClothingAcessoryBand, :Jewelry, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrist ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Braces :wnsense "brace7n", "braces1n", "orthodontic braces1n" ; :wordnet "brace", "braces", "orthodontic braces" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Braces'' are a ''DentalAppliance'' that are fitted onto teeth that are growing out of alignment, to make them align properly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'braces' in WordNet: 1. brace, braces, orthodontic braces - (an appliance that corrects dental irregularities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DentalAppliance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthodontia ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraighteningTeeth ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :BracingAnObject :wnsense "brace2v", "stabilise1v", "stabilize2v", "steady2v" ; :wordnet "brace", "stabilise", "stabilize", "steady" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BracingAnObject'' is intended to prevent falling or slippage, but does not neesarily use a 'brace' Adjusting one's stance to prevent falling from some external pushing or pulling is included. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'brace' in WordNet: 2. (2) brace, steady, stabilize, stabilise - (support or hold steady and make steadfast, with or as if with a brace; 'brace your elbows while working on the potter's wheel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stabilizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FallingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Braggart :wnsense "blowhard1n", "boaster1n", "braggart1n", "bragger1n", "line-shooter1n", "vaunter1n" ; :wordnet "blowhard", "boaster", "braggart", "bragger", "line-shooter", "vaunter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Braggart'' is a person who often performs ''Bragging''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'braggart' in WordNet: 1. bragger, braggart, boaster, blowhard, line-shooter, vaunter - (a very boastful and talkative person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Egotist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bragging ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Bragging :wnsense "blow19v", "bluster2v", "boast1v", "brag1v", "bragging1n", "crow5n", "crowing1n", "gas2v", "gasconade1v", "shoot a line1v", "swash3v", "tout2v" ; :wordnet "blow", "bluster", "boast", "brag", "bragging", "crow", "crowing", "gas", "gasconade", "shoot a line", "swash", "tout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bragging'' is an ''Exaggerating'' in which the speaker tells about how great his/er acoomplishments or feats have been. I theory this can be done without exaggeration, but even if the narrative of the Actions is true, the importance will still be exaggerated.(??) If there is no exaggeration at all, it will not be a Boast - more like a brief partial biography, related with pride. NOTE: WN does not have a 'brag' or 'boast' as assertional content, only as the Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'brag' in WordNet: 1. (2) boast, tout, swash, shoot a line, brag, gas, blow, bluster, vaunt, gasconade - (show off) WN noun 'brag': 1. brag, bragging, crow, crowing, vaporing, line-shooting, gasconade - (an instance of boastful talk; 'his brag is worse than his fight'; 'whenever he won we were exposed to his gasconade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exaggerating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boast ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Braggart ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :BrahmaputraRiver :guid "bd588f43-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; :wnsense "Brahmaputra River1n", "Brahmaputra1n" ; :wordnet "Brahmaputra", "Brahmaputra River" ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """An Asian river that flows into the Bay of Bengal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Brahmaputra River' in WordNet: 1. Brahmaputra, Brahmaputra River - (an Asian river; flows into the Bay of Bengal) """ . :BraidedObject :en "braid" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any LongAndThin SolidObject that consists of interlaced cords (which could parts of a single cord, but usually are different. Includes but is much broader than hair braids in WordNet: 1. (1) braid, plait, tress, twist - (a hairdo formed by braiding or twisting the hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :SolidObject, :TwistedObject . :Braille :wnsense "braille2n" ; :wordnet "braille" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Braille'' is a 'PhoneticWritingSystem'' designed to allow ''TheBlind'' (any ''BlindPerson'') to read text. This can be described in more detail, particularly how the patterns of ''RaisedDot''s are organized.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'braille' in WordNet: 2. braille - (a point system of writing in which patterns of raised dots represent letters and numerals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhoneticWritingSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaisedDot ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :Brain :guid "bd58d3eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Head ; :ldoce "brain" ; :wnsense "brain1n" ; :wordnet "brain" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InternalOrgan and instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType. Each instance of #$Brain is an organ that controls most bodily movement, receives sensory input from the body and objects outside the body, and also thinks (insofar as the organism that has the brain can be said to do so). NOTE: this includes simple non-vertebrate brains,so the minimum nimbers of neuraons is less than the tens of billions in a human brain. Wikipedia: The whole human brain contains 86 billion neurons and roughly 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. SUMO: The seat of the central nervous system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brain' in WordNet: 1. (22) brain, encephalon - (that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neuron ; owl:minCardinality "200" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thinking ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :BrainDisease :wnsense "brain disease1n", "brain disorder1n", "encephalopathy1n" ; :wordnet "brain disease", "brain disorder", "encephalopathy" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BrainDisease'' is any ''NeurologicalDisease'' that primarily affects functioning of the ''Brain''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brain disease' in WordNet: 1. brain disorder, encephalopathy, brain disease - (any disorder or disease of the brain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NeurologicalDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :BrainImage :ldoce "image" ; :wnsense "image1n", "mental image1n" ; :wordnet "image", "mental image" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type represents a physical still image, as represented in the brain of an animal (usually a Person) that can remember it, to some extent. A ''MentalStillImage'' is comprised of a set of neurons having connections and having the ability to present an image to the conscious mind. This notion is not typically used in discourse, but illustrates the way that a physical ''Brain'' as represented in COSMO can represent any senory experience and present it to the conscious mnd during a 'recalling' or 'imagining' event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'image' in WordNet: 1. (31) image, mental image - (an iconic mental representation; 'her imagination forced images upon her too awful to contemplate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MentalImagery ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :BrainInjury :en "brain injury" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''Injury-Object that is located in some part of the ''Brain''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injury-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Brainwashed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Brainwashing ; :wnsense "brainwashed1n" ; :wordnet "brainwashed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Brainwashed'' is an attribute of a ''Person''s who was successfuly indoctrinated by ''Brainwashing''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brainwashed' in Wordnet: 1. brainwashed - (subjected to intensive forced indoctrination resulting in the rejection of old beliefs and acceptance of new ones; 'brainwashed prisoners of war'; 'captive audiences for TV commercials can become brainwashed consumers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convinced . :Brainwashing :eng "brainwashing" ; :wnsense "brainwash1v", "brainwash2v" ; :wordnet "brainwash" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Brainwashing'' is a form of 'Convincing-CommunicationAct' that uses repetitive coercive actions to cause a Person to believe something that s/he did not believe when first told. This is most often used of the tactic used on captive people, but is used also in a more figurative sense for repretitive argments to those in a 'captive' audience not often exposed to alternative views. The forcible action on captive people could be broken out as a subtype of this. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brainwash' in WordNet: 1. brainwash - (persuade completely, often through coercion; 'The propaganda brainwashed many people') 2. brainwash - (submit to brainwashing; indoctrinate forcibly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convincing-CommunicationAct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compelling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :BrakeSystem :wnsense "brake system1n", "the brakes1n" ; :wordnet "brake system", "the brakes" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brake system' in WordNet: 1. brake system, the brakes - (a brake consisting of a combination of interacting parts that work to slow a motor vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalSystem, :VehicleBrake . :BrakingaCar :en "apply the brakes", "applying the brakes", "braking", "hit the brakes" ; :wnsense "brake1v", "brake2v" ; :wordnet "brake" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which a ''Driver'' applies the brakes of an automobile. Includes both verb senses 1 and 2 of 'brake' in Wordnet: 1. brake - (stop travelling by applying a brake; 'We had to brake suddenly when a chicken crossed the road') 2. brake - (cause to stop by applying the brakes; 'brake the car before you go into a curve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SlowingDownaVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Automobile ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ; owl:someValuesFrom :VehicleBrake ] . :BranchOfMilitaryService :guid "c12a5135-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "armed service1n", "military service1n", "service6n" ; :wordnet "armed service", "military service", "service" ; a :MilitaryOrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ModernMilitaryOrganization. Each instance of #$BranchOfMilitaryService is one of the main overarching organizations in a modern military command structure. Thus, for any given modern nation-state, its army, navy, and air force will each be instances of #$BranchOfMilitaryService. NOTE: this is intended to be a branch of the UniteStates armed forces - @ToDo: that needs to be formalized - perhaps a subtype? NOTE: a military 'reserve' force is included as a ''Branch'. SUMO: (MIlitaryService) A branch of the armed forces of a Nation. For example, there are five military services in the United States, the army, the navy, the air force, the marines, and the coast guard. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military service' in WordNet: 1. (1) military service, armed service, service - (a force that is a branch of the armed forces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentMilitaryOrganization, :ModernMilitaryOrganization . :BranchedObject a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A QualitativeAttribute of Objects, abstract or Physical, that contain linear paths, but have branches in them. Each 'BranchedObject' has some 'BranchingJunction'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BranchingJunction ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :LinearObject . :Branching :wnsense "branching1n", "ramification1n" ; :wordnet "branching", "ramification" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Branching'' is a ''GrowingSomething'' in which a ''Plant' grows a new 'PlantBranch''. NOTE: 'forking' and 'fork' are not used for plants. Corresponds to part (for plants) of noun sense 1 of 'branching' in WordNet: 1. branching, ramification, fork, forking - (the act of branching out or dividing into branches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrowingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantBranch ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BranchingJunction :guid "bed90aa4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$JunctionOfPaths. Each instance of #$BranchingJunction is a junction of paths in which at least one path adjoining the junction branches into (see the predicate #$branchesInto) two or more others, the latter paths being about equal in size to one another and no wider than the former path.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :JunctionOfPaths . :Brand :wnsense "brand3n" ; :wordnet "brand" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Brand'' is a 'Mark' (a contrasting region on a surface) that is burned into the skin of an animal to establish ownership. For cattle, it is typically burned in by a 'branding iron' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'brand' in WordNet: 3. (2) brand - (identification mark on skin, made by burning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :BrandNew :isAnAttributeValueOf :ManufacturedGoods ; :isTheOppositeOf :Used ; :wnsense "bran-new1adj", "brand-new1adj", "spic-and-span1adj", "spick-and-span1adj" ; :wordnet "bran-new", "brand-new", "spic-and-span", "spick-and-span" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BrandNew'' is the attribute of ''ManufacturedGoods'' that have not been used since they were manufactured or sold to the end-user. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brand-new' in Wordnet: 1. brand-new, bran-new, spic-and-span, spick-and-span - (conspicuously new; 'shiny brand-new shoes'; 'a spick-and-span novelty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :New, :Unused . :Brandy :wnsense "brandy1n" ; :wordnet "brandy" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Brandy'' is a ''Liquor'' produced from wine or fruit juice. RHW: 1. a spirit distilled from wine or from the fermented juice of grapes or of apples, peaches, plums, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brandy' in WordNet: 1. (3) brandy - (distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Liquor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fruit ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Brass :guid "bd58c7ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Zinc ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Copper ; :ldoce "brass" ; :wnsense "brass1n" ; :wordnet "brass" ; a :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance consisting mostly of Copper with some Zinc. SUMO: A MetallicAlloy made from Copper and Zinc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brass' in WordNet: 1. (11) brass - (an alloy of copper and zinc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alloy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copper ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Zinc ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :BrassInstrument :guid "bd58be59-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "brass instrument1n", "brass2n" ; :wordnet "brass", "brass instrument" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Musical instruments into which one buzzes one's lips to produce a sound. Traditionaly made of brass, sometimes of silver or copper, sometimes even fiberglass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brass instrument' in WordNet: 2. (2) brass, brass instrument - (a wind instrument that consists of a brass tube (usually of variable length) that is blown by means of a cup-shaped or funnel-shaped mouthpiece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WindInstrument-Musical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brass ; owl:onProperty :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Brassiere :guid "c004a936-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bandeau1n", "bra1n", "brassiere1n" ; :wordnet "bandeau", "bra", "brassiere" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Brassiere'' is an undergarment (subtype of ''Underwear'') worn by a Woman to support the breasts. Comes in many sizes to accommodate different breast sizes and the woman's preference. The CYC entry 'BraLikeGarment' is broader than this type, which is only for the underwear (including a 'sports bra'): CYC: The collection of #$Bra -like items. This is a broader concept than #$Bra, in that #$BraLikeGarment need not be #$Underwear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brassiere' in WordNet: 1. brassiere, bra, bandeau - (an undergarment worn by women to support their breasts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, :Lingerie, :SupportingObject, :WomensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothBreasts ; owl:onProperty :supportsPartly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrassiereCup ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :BrassiereCup :isDesignedToCover :Breast ; :wnsense "cup5n" ; :wordnet "cup" ; a :ClothingType, :CoveringType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BrassiereCup'' is one of the two 'cups' in a ''Brassiere''; each ''BrassiereCup'' covers one of the ''Breast''s of a Woman when being worn. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 5 of 'cup' in WordNet: 5. (14) cup - (any cup-shaped concavity; 'bees filled the waxen cups with honey'; 'he wore a jock strap with a metal cup'; 'the cup of her bra') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :SomethingToWearPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breast ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brassiere ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Brat :wnsense "brat1n", "holy terror1n", "little terror1n", "terror3n" ; :wordnet "brat", "holy terror", "little terror", "terror" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Brat'' is an ''Imp'' who is much more troublesome and disobedient than a typical young person - usually under 10 years of age. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brat' in WordNet: 1. terror, brat, little terror, holy terror - (a very troublesome child) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imp, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bratty ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bratty :wnsense "brattish1adj", "bratty1adj" ; :wordnet "brattish", "bratty" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bratty' in Wordnet: 1. bratty, brattish - ((used of an ill-mannered child) impolitely unruly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disobedient, :Impish, :Rude, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brat ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Brawl :wnsense "brawl1v", "brawl2n", "free-for-all1n", "wrangle1v" ; :wordnet "brawl", "free-for-all", "wrangle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Brawl'' is an unorganized hand-to-hand fight among multiple people, as in a crowd or in a tavern. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brawl' in WordNet: 2. brawl, free-for-all - (a noisy fight in a crowd) WN verb 'brawl': 1. brawl, wrangle - (to quarrel noisily, angrily or disruptively; 'The bar keeper threw them out, but they continued to wrangle on down the street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fight-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HittingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Brawny :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :DevelopedMuscles ; :wnsense "brawny1adj", "hefty1adj", "muscular4adj", "powerful4adj", "sinewy3adj" ; :wordnet "brawny", "hefty", "muscular", "powerful", "sinewy" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Brawny'' is a subattribute of 'Powerful' specifically characterizing People (or some part(s) of a Person) who have greater than average strength due to conspicuously large developed muscles. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brawny' in Wordnet: 1. brawny, hefty, muscular, powerful, sinewy - ((of a person) possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful; 'a hefty athlete'; 'a muscular boxer'; 'powerful arms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Powerful . :Brazen :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Nerviness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Impudence ; :wnsense "audacious2adj", "bald-faced2adj", "barefaced2adj", "bodacious2adj", "brassy3adj", "brazen-faced1adj", "brazen1adj", "insolent2adj" ; :wordnet "audacious", "bald-faced", "barefaced", "bodacious", "brassy", "brazen", "brazen-faced", "insolent" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brazen' in Wordnet: 1. (2) audacious, barefaced, bodacious, bald-faced, brassy, brazen, brazen-faced, insolent - (unrestrained by convention or propriety; 'an audacious trick to pull'; 'a barefaced hypocrite'; 'the most bodacious display of tourism this side of Anaheim'- Los Angeles Times; 'bald-faced lies'; 'brazen arrogance'; 'the modern world with its quick material successes and insolent belief in the boundless possibilities of progress'- Bertrand Russell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bold, :Cheeky, :Confident . :Brazil :wnsense "Brazil1n" ; :wordnet "Brazil" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Brazil' in WordNet: 1. (2) Brazil, Federative Republic of Brazil, Brasil - (the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter) """ . :Brazilian :isAnAttributeValueOf :Brazil ; :pertainsTo :Brazil ; :wnsense "Brazilian1adj" ; :wordnet "Brazilian" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Brazilian' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Brazilian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Brazil or the people of Brazil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BrazilianPerson :wnsense "Brazilian1n" ; :wordnet "Brazilian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Brazilian' in WordNet: 1. Brazilian - (a native or inhabitant of Brazil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brazil ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Breach :wnsense "breach2n" ; :wordnet "breach" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Breach'' is an ''Opening'' in some ''Barrier'' created by a ''BreachingEvent'' that allows a fluid or some Solidobject(s) to pass through the barrier that would have prevented passage before it was breached. The ''Breach'' can be created by an intentional Action (as in breaching a castle wall) or by natural forces, as in flood water breaching a levee. Examples are a breach in a levee or dam a breach in a wall, This differs from a ''PiercedHole'' in that it may be much larger,and the remaining parts of the barrier breahed do not have to be still connected,as in when part of a wall is torn down. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'breach' in WordNet: 2. breach - (an opening (especially a gap in a dike or fortification)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :BarrierObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreachingaBarrier ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :BreachingaBarrier :en "breaching", "breaching a barrier" ; :wnsense "breach2v", "gap1v" ; :wordnet "breach", "gap" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BreachingaBarrier'' is a 'SeparationEvent' in some 'Barrier' Narrower than verb sense 2 of 'breach' in WordNet,in that this action must create a ''Breach'' in some BarrrierObject.: in WordNet: 2. (1) gap, breach - (make an opening or gap in) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalContactMakingEvent, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPenetrated ; owl:someValuesFrom :BarrierObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Breach ] . :Bread :guid "bd58cc79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Spongy ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Dough ; :ldoce "bread" ; :wnsense "bread1n" ; :wordnet "bread" ; a :FondueConstituentType, :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance in COSMO. CYC: An instance of #$ProductType, and a specialization of #$BakedFood. Each instance of #$Bread is a baked food made of a dough or batter containing some instance of #$FlourOrMeal, and usually water or milk. The dough from which the bread is made will often (but not always) contain some leavening agent, such as #$Yeast. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bread' in WordNet: 1. (3) bread, breadstuff, staff of life - (food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFood, :CerealFood . :BreadObject a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BreadObject' is a SolidFoodObject consisting of baked bread. This type includes parts of a whole object consisting of bread, such as a 'SliceOfBread' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :FlourBasedObject, :LeavenedFoodObject, :MoistObject, :SolidFoodObject, :SpongyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bread ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Breadth :ldoce "breadth" ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "breadth2n" ; :wordnet "breadth" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The measure of the second largest dimension of a plane or solid figure; sometimes called 'width'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'breadth' in WordNet: 2. (2) width, breadth - (the extent of something from side to side) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Width . :Breakability :takesValue :BreakabilityValue ; :wnsense "breakability1n", "fragility1n", "frangibility1n", "frangibleness1n" ; :wordnet "breakability", "fragility", "frangibility", "frangibleness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In SUMO called 'BreakabilityAttribute', a subclass of 'InternalAttribute' in SUMO. SUMO: A subclass of Attributes for characterizing the breakability of CorpuscularObjects.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breakability' in WordNet: 1. fragility, breakability, frangibleness, frangibility - (quality of being easily damaged or destroyed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :BreakabilityValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each BreakabilityValue represents an approximate degree of breakability for an object. For Glass and many thin ceramics the value would be 'Fragile'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Breakable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :BreakingEvent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :BreakingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unbreakable ; :wnsense "breakable1adj" ; :wordnet "breakable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Breakable' is the AttributeValue of something that is more susceptible to be broken than the average object of some class used for comparison. Thus all glass items may be breakable, but they are more breakable than similar items made of metal or plastic. This is typically applied to brittle objects, or those of delicate construction. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'breakable' in WordNet: 1. breakable - - (capable of being broken or damaged; 'earthenware pottery is breakable'; 'breakable articles should be packed carefully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Susceptible . :Breakdown :wnsense "breakdown3n", "equipment failure1n" ; :wordnet "breakdown", "equipment failure" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Breakdown'' is an ''InterruptingEvent'' that is a ''Malfunction'' of some PhysicalDevice. This is a ''StoppingEvent'' (stopping of normal function in some part of the machine) that causes a full ''StoppingEvent'' of the intended operation of the machine. NOTE: this is an Event that causes a state of non-activity. This is not the PersistentState of not functioning. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'breakdown' in WordNet: 3. breakdown, equipment failure - (a cessation of normal operation; 'there was a power breakdown') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InterruptingEvent, :StoppingEvent, :WorseningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inoperability ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ] . :Breakfast :guid "bd58d400-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "breakfast" ; :wnsense "breakfast1n" ; :wordnet "breakfast" ; a :FoodType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'Breakfast' is interepreted as the specific set of food items eaten at the first meal, in the morning. This is therefore a Role that the food plays. For the actual event of eating breakfast, use 'EatingBreakfast' Cyc: The morning meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breakfast' in WordNet: 1. (12) breakfast - (the first meal of the day (usually in the morning)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingBreakfast ; owl:onProperty :isEatenInEvent ] . :BreakfastFood :en "breakfast-food" ; :guid "bd58ac2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "breakfast food1n" ; :wordnet "breakfast food" ; a :FoodType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of foods and beverages normally eaten by instances of #$Person as part of #$HavingBreakfast. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breakfast food' in Wordnet: 1. breakfast food - (any food (especially cereal) usually served for breakfast) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodOrDrink, :OrganicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingBreakfast ; owl:onProperty :isEatenInEvent ] . :BreakingAnElectricalCircuit :en "break a circuit", "breaking a circuit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BreakingAnElectricalCircuit'' is a ''Disconnecting'' where two parts of an ''ElectricalCircuit' are disconnected, by any means. creates a Gap in an ''ElectricCircuit''. \"SwitchingaDeviceOff\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disconnecting, :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Connecting ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCircuitGap ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CircuitCurrent ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :BreakingDown :ldoce "break" ; :wnsense "break down4v", "break17v", "conk out1v", "die4v", "fail4v", "give out4v", "give way4v", "go bad1v", "go30v" ; :wordnet "break", "break down", "conk out", "die", "fail", "give out", "give way", "go", "go bad" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BreakingDown' is the loss of functionality of a mechanical or electric device, whether due to external force or some internal loss of normal structure (such as a short in an electric device). The failure due to some internal cause is included here (to 'give out' and 'break down'), but should also be made into more specific a subtype, which would also be a subtype of 'Malfunction'. This corresponds to part of WordNet verb sense 17 of 'break'; however, the failure of natural things such as eyes is not included in this type, so this is more specialized than the WordNet sense. in WordNet: 17. (2) fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out, go, break, break down - (stop operating or functioning; 'The engine finally went'; 'The car died on the road'; 'The bus we travelled in broke down on the way to town'; 'The coffee maker broke'; 'The engine failed on the way to town'; 'her eyesight went after the accident') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Device ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreakingSomethingIntoPieces ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :BreakingEvent :guid "bd58940d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "break" ; :wnsense "break17v" ; :wordnet "break" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this sense means to either lose its structural integrity, or to lose a main function (of a device) so as to become 'Broken' and be difficult or impossible to repair. This is an intransitive Event, with no explicit actor - though this Event may be caused by the action of an agent. For the action of the agent that causes a breaking in this sense, use 'BreakingSomething'. Each BreakingEvent must specify the PhysicalObject that is broken. There are 59 senses of the verb 'break' in WordNet. In COSMO the senses meaning 'rupture, fragment' or 'lose functionality' are organized in two branches, the intransitive and transitive. In some cases the transitive sense has a 'causes' relation to one of the intransitive senses. This type is the root of the intransitive senses. The senses of 'break' meaning 'cease' or 'intermission' are not included here. As of COSMO v 0.52, this type includes two intransitive main senses of the verb 'break' from WordNet, and intransitive sense 1 of 'burst'. There will be more specific subsenses. This type is broader than the Cyc sense: Cyc: Generic breaking events, in which some rigid tangible object gets broken. WordNet verb 'break' in WordNet: 17. (2) fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out, go, break, break down - (stop operating or functioning; 'The engine finally went'; 'The car died on the road'; 'The bus we travelled in broke down on the way to town'; 'The coffee maker broke'; 'The engine failed on the way to town'; 'her eyesight went after the accident') WN 'burst' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LosingFunctionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :BreakingSomething :ldoce "break" ; :wnsense "break3v", "break4v", "break5v", "break6n", "breakage3n", "breaking1n" ; :wordnet "break", "breakage", "breaking" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this general sense means to cause a PhysicalObject to either lose its structural integrity, or to lose lose a main function (of a device) so as to become 'Broken' and be difficult or impossible to repair. This is a transitive Event, with an explicit actor. This Event is the cause of an intransitive 'BreakingEvent'. There are 59 senses of the verb 'break' in WordNet. In COSMO the senses meaning 'rupture, fragment' or 'lose functionality' are organized in two branches, the intransitive and transitive. In some cases the transitive sense has a 'causes' relation to one of the intransitive senses. This type is the root of the intransitive senses. The senses of 'break' meaning 'cease' or 'intermission' are not included here. As of COSMO v 0.52, this type includes two transitive main senses of the verb 'break' from WordNet. There will be more specific subsenses. This type is broader than the Cyc sense: WordNet verb 'break' in WordNet: 3. (11) break - (destroy the integrity of; usually by force; cause to separate into pieces or fragments; 'He broke the glass plate'; 'She broke the match') 4. (9) break - (render inoperable or ineffective; 'You broke the alarm clock when you took it apart!') 5. (8) break, bust - (ruin completely; 'He busted my radio!') WN noun 'breaking': 1. (2) breakage, break, breaking - (the act of breaking something; 'the breakage was unavoidable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LosingFunctionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :BreakingDown ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObjectType ] . :BreakingSomethingIntoPieces :en "fragmenting", "shattering" ; :ldoce "break" ; :wnsense "break3v", "fragment1v", "fragmentise1v", "fragmentize1v", "shatter2v", "smash2v" ; :wordnet "break", "fragment", "fragmentise", "fragmentize", "shatter", "smash" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BreakingSomethingIntoPieces' is an Event in which an agent (which could be a natural force) causes a PhysicalObject to separate into at least two pieces. This is a transitive sense. The PhysicalObject does not have to be a Device (it could be a Rock); therefore it is not necessarily a 'LosingFunctionEvent' and is related to BreakingDown by the weaker 'causes' (usually) rather than the 'alwaysCauses' relation. This action produces ''Fragment''s in the broad sense of smallish pieces of a larger object that were created by a ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces'' event. The ''Fragment'' can be relativey large, but may be as small as dust or sawdust or metal millings. Corresponds to sense 3 of verb 'break' and verb sense 2 of 'smash'in WordNet: 3. (11) break - (destroy the integrity of; usually by force; cause to separate into pieces or fragments; 'He broke the glass plate'; 'She broke the match') WN verb 'smash': 2. (5) smash, dash - (break into pieces, as by striking or knocking over; 'Smash a plate') WN verb 'shatter' (transitive sense 2): 2. shatter - (break into many pieces; 'shatter the plate') WN verb 'fragment': (transitive sense) 1. break up, fragment, fragmentize, fragmentise - (break or cause to break into pieces; 'The plate fragmented') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakingSomething, :Separation-Complete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shattering ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fragment ; owl:minCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FragmentGroup ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :BrittleObject ] . :BreakingaBone :en "breaking a bone", "fracturing", "fracturing a bone" ; :wnsense "fracture5v" ; :wordnet "fracture" ; a :EventType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BreakingaBone'' is a ''BreakingEvent'' caused by the Action of some Agent in which the thing broken is a 'bone'' of an animal body. This is the Transitive sense. This is an ''Injuring'' in which some bone of some Animal is either cracked while remaining in place or broken so that the pieces separate by some space. This represents the transitive sense . Corresponds to of (transitive) verb sense 5 of 'fracture' in WordNet: 5. fracture - (break (a bone); 'She broke her clavicle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakingEvent, :FracturingaBone, :Injuring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bone ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingFractured ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FracturingaBone ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FracturedBone ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BreakingaDevice :ldoce "break" ; :wnsense "break4v", "break5v", "bust1v" ; :wordnet "break", "bust" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BreakingaDevice' is an Action in which some agent causes a Device to lose its function. This corresponds to senses 4 and 5 of WordNet verb 'break' in WordNet: 4. (9) break - (render inoperable or ineffective; 'You broke the alarm clock when you took it apart!') 5. (8) break, bust - (ruin completely; 'He busted my radio!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :BreakingDown ] . :Breakthrough :wnsense "breakthrough2n" ; :wordnet "breakthrough" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Breakthrough'' is a ''DiscoveryEvent'' that produces a ''Revelation'' (important insight), allowing people to recognize possibilities that were not previously evident. In science this could create a new 'paradigm' for interpretation of nature and natural phenomena. In development research, this could allow engineers to create new products that have significantly advanced and superior capabilities. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'breakthrough' in WordNet: 2. (1) breakthrough - (making an important discovery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscoveryEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Revelation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Breakup :wnsense "breakup1n", "dissolution5n" ; :wordnet "breakup", "dissolution" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Breakup'' is a ''PrematureTermination'' of a social or political relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breakup' in WordNet: 1. (2) dissolution, breakup - (the termination or disintegration of a relationship (between persons or nations)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PrematureTermination, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pregnancy ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ] . :Breast :guid "bd58d5ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "breast" ; :wnsense "boob2n", "bosom6n", "breast2n", "knocker4n", "tit1n", "titty1n" ; :wordnet "boob", "bosom", "breast", "knocker", "tit", "titty" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single ''Breast'' ('tit') of a human female. in WordNet: 2. (2) breast, bosom, knocker, boob, tit, titty - (either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dug, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemalePerson ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Breast-BodyPart :ldoce "breast" ; :wnsense "breast1n" ; :wordnet "breast" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'breast' is the front part of a person's 'Chest-BodyPart', the part that one strikes when one 'beats one's breast'. For the mammary organ 'breast' use 'Breast'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breast' in WordNet: 1. (6) breast - (the front part of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen; 'he beat his breast in anger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart . :BreastCancer :wnsense "breast cancer1n" ; :wordnet "breast cancer" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breast cancer' in WordNet: 1. breast cancer - (cancer of the breast; one of the most common malignancies in women in the US) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cancer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breast ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Breaststroke :guid "c0fdf2d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "breaststroke1n", "breaststroke1v" ; :wordnet "breaststroke" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breaststroke' in WordNet: 1. breaststroke - (a swimming stroke; the arms are extended together in front of the head and swept back on either side accompanied by a frog kick) WN verb 'breaststroke' 1. breaststroke - (swim with the face down and extend the arms forward and outward while kicking with the leg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SwimmingStroke, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSurface ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Breath :wnsense "breath2n" ; :wordnet "breath" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The quantity of air (the air itself, a PhysicalObject) inhaled in one Inhaling event. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'breath' in WordNet: 2. (14) breath - (the air that is inhaled and exhaled in respiration; 'his sour breath offended her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GaseousObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inhaling ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Breathing :en "breathing" ; :guid "bd58b773-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "breath", "breathe" ; :wnsense "breathe1n", "breathe1v", "suspire2v" ; :wordnet "breath", "breathe", "suspire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Breathing'' is considered as a '''PersistentState'' consisting of a series of ''AirRespiration''s, each of which is one cycle of ''Inhaling'' and ''Exhaling''. Cyc: A collection of activities constituting a natural #$PhysiologicalFunction; #$Breathing is the collection of #$AirRespiration events in which the respiring organism takes air into its internal #$Lungs, where the gas exchange occurs. See also #$Respiration. SUMO: The Process of respiration, by which oxygen is made available to an Animal. This covers processes of inhalation, exhalation, and alternations between the two. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'breathe' and noun sense 1 of 'breath' in WordNet: 1. (25) breathe, take a breath, respire, suspire - (draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs; 'I can breathe better when the air is clean'; 'The patient is respiring') WN 'breath': 1. (15) breath - (the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing; 'he took a deep breath and dived into the pool'; 'he was fighting to his last breath') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventSeries, :PersistentState, :Respiration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirRespiration ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inhaling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exhaling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lung ; owl:onProperty :requiredBodypart ] . :BreathingDevice :wnsense "breathing apparatus1n", "breathing device1n", "breathing machine1n", "ventilator1n" ; :wordnet "breathing apparatus", "breathing device", "breathing machine", "ventilator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breathing device' in WordNet: 1. breathing device, breathing apparatus, breathing machine, ventilator - (a device that facilitates breathing in cases of respiratory failure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device . :Breathless :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Anticipation-Feeling ; :wnsense "breathless1adj", "dyspneal1adj", "dyspneic1adj", "dyspnoeal1adj", "dyspnoeic1adj" ; :wordnet "breathless", "dyspneal", "dyspneic", "dyspnoeal", "dyspnoeic" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Breathless'' is for a Person having trouble breathing *normally*. For being 'out of breath' from exercise, use ''OutOfBreath''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'breathless' in Wordnet: 1. (5) breathless, dyspneic, dyspnoeic, dyspneal, dyspnoeal - (not breathing or able to breathe except with difficulty; 'breathless at thought of what I had done'; 'breathless from running'; 'followed the match with breathless interest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutOfBreath . :Breathtaking :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event, :View ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Interesting ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Anticipation-Feeling ; :wnsense "breathless2adj", "breathtaking1adj" ; :wordnet "breathless", "breathtaking" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Breathtaking'' Event may not literally cause one to hold one's breath, but is ''Interesting'' and ''Suspenseful'' in any of various ways sufficient to cause one to pay attention and await the outcome. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'breathtaking' in Wordnet: 1. breathless, breathtaking - (tending to cause suspension of regular breathing; 'a breathless flight'; 'breathtaking adventure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interesting, :Suspenseful . :Breed :ldoce "breed" ; :wnsense "breed2n", "strain5n" ; :wordnet "breed", "strain" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a BiologicalSubspecies that is or maintained by human breeding activities. See 'Breeding'. This type represents 'breeds' of both plants and animals. This corresponds to sense 13 of 'breed' in the random House Webster: 13. Genetics. a relatively homogenous group of animals within a species, developed and maintained by humans. This should be a subtype of 'variety' as used in the biological classification sense, but the owl:class (Types) and rdfs:class (Metatypes) hierarchy needs to be kept apart for clarity. See 'Type' and 'Sort' for more detail on which COSMO type represents which sort of category. Includes but is broader than (including any ''LifeForm'' such as plants and micrrganisms) noun sense 2 of 'breed' and sense 5 of 'strain' in WordNet: 2. (1) breed, strain, stock - (a special variety of domesticated animals within a species; 'he experimented on a particular breed of white rats'; 'he created a new strain of sheep') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalTaxonType, :PhysicalObjectType . :Breeder :wnsense "breeder1n" ; :wordnet "breeder" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Breeder'' is an IntelligentAgent (Person or Organization) who mates different strains of plants or animals to produce new strains. For plants this is typically accomplished by controlled pollination. Specifically breeding animals is represented by the subtype ''StockBreeding''. Includes but is broader than (including breeding of plants) noun sense 1 of 'breeder' in WordNet: 1. breeder, stock breeder - (a person who breeds animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crossbreeding ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Breeding :ldoce "breed" ; :wnsense "breed3v" ; :wordnet "breed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Breeding is the transititve activity engaged in by humans in which domesticated or captive animals (or plants) of different strains are encouraged to mate to create strains having different characteristics. This is not the actual action of mating to produce offspring. The intention of ''Breeding'' is to create strains with new characteristics more useful than existing strains. The result of breeding is a new Breed. NOTE: this may be conflated with just allowing animals to mate to produce more, without creating new breeds. COSMO needs a type for that kind of Animal production. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'breed' in WordNet: 3. breed - (cause to procreate (animals); 'She breeds dogs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalEvent, :BiologicalReproductionEvent, :EconomicAction, :Production-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Breed ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualCopulation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Breeze :hasCorrespondingProcess :AirCurrent ; :wnsense "air5n", "breeze1n", "gentle wind1n", "zephyr1n" ; :wordnet "air", "breeze", "gentle wind", "zephyr" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A gentle ''Wind''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breeze' in Wordnet: 1. (6) breeze, zephyr, gentle wind, air - (a slight wind (usually refreshing); 'the breeze was cooled by the lake'; 'as he waited he could feel the air on his neck') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonDestructiveWind, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gentle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Breezy :guid "b004b36e-2e5e-41d7-92d4-a68a252384fe" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Breeze ; :wnsense "breezy2adj" ; :wordnet "breezy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC this is a 'breezy location'; in COSMO it is only the attribute, not a location. NOTE that 'breezy' and 'windy' are synonymous in WN - here a Breeze is a gentle ''Wind'' and ''breezy' is only lightly ''Windy''; a strong ''Wind'' would disqualify. CYC: An instance of #$OutdoorLocationByWeatherType. Each instance of #$Breezy is an instance of #$OutdoorLocation in which there is wind. Corresponds to attribute sense 2 of 'breezy' in WordNet: 2. blowy, breezy, windy - (abounding in or exposed to the wind or breezes; 'blowy weather'; 'a windy bluff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Windy . :Breve :wnsense "breve1n" ; :wordnet "breve" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Breve'' modifies a vowel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'breve' in WordNet: 1. breve - (a diacritical mark (U-shaped) placed over a vowel to indicate a short sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiacriticalMark . :Brewer :en "brewery" ; :wnsense "brewer2n" ; :wordnet "brewer" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Brewer'' is a Person that manufactures Beer by operating or managing or owning a ''Brewery''. NOTE: Organization that controls a ''Brewery'' is sometimes referred to a a ''Brewery''; in COSMO it is labeled a ''BreweryOrganization''. in RHW called the 'establishment': RHW 'brewery': a building or establishment for brewing beer or other malt liquors, esp. the building where the brewing is done. The 'building' is represented as the ''Brewery''. Corresponds only approximately to noun sense 2 of 'brewer' in WordNet: 2. brewer - (the owner or manager of a brewery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manufacturer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrewingBeer ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brewery ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :Brewery :guid "bd58f344-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "brewery1n" ; :wordnet "brewery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Brewery'' is the place where any form of ''Beer''s is made. NOTE: in CYC a ''Brewery'' is a ''Company''; in COSMO this is the building where ''BrewingBeer'' is done. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brewery' in WordNet: 1. brewery - (a plant where beer is brewed by fermentation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :ManufacturingFacility, :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrewingBeer ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beer ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beer ; owl:onProperty :manufactures ] . :BreweryOrganization :en "brewery" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BreweryOrganization'' is an Organization that manufactures Beer by operating or managing or owning a ''Brewery''. Has the same kind of defining actions as a ''Brewer'' but is not a person, but an Organization. in RHW called the 'establishment': RHW 'brewery': a building or establishment for brewing beer or other malt liquors, esp. the building where the brewing is done. The 'building' is represented as the ''Brewery''. The only sense for 'brewery' in WordNet is the plant where beer is brewed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrewingBeer ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brewery ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :Brewing :wnsense "brew2v" ; :wordnet "brew" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the act of extracting materials from a solid substance by immersing it in Water. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'brew' in WordNet: 2. brew - (sit or let sit in boiling water so as to extract the flavor; 'the tea is brewing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extracting, :MakingStuffFromMaterials, :SubmergingInWater . :BrewingBeer :guid "be81d830-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "brew1v", "brewing1n" ; :wordnet "brew", "brewing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BrewingBeer'' is a ''MakingStuffFromMaterials'' in which some quantities of one or more substances are processed by fermentation to produce some quantity of an alcoholic beer. CYC 'Brewing': The activity of producing beer. RHW 'beer': an alcoholic beverage made by brewing and fermentation from cereals, usually malted barley, and flavored with hops and the like for a slightly bitter taste. NOTE: 'brewing' tea is a separate type. See ''MakingTea''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'brew' in WordNet: 1. brew - (prepare by brewing; 'people have been brewing beer for thousands of years') WN noun 'brewing': 1. (1) brewing - (the production of malt beverages (as beer or ale) from malt and hops by grinding and boiling them and fermenting the result with yeast) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brewing, :MakingStuffFromMaterials, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeedGrain ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beer ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fermenting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brewery ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Bribing :wnsense "bribe1n", "bribe1v", "buy2v", "corrupt3v", "grease one's palms1v", "payoff2n" ; :wordnet "bribe", "buy", "corrupt", "grease one's palms", "payoff" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''bribe' can include paying with anything valuable, not just cash currency. NOTE: a ''Bribing'' may commence with a demand for a bribe,rather than an offer. So this type uses 'mayHaveSubEvent' to relate it to ''OfferingABribe''. But perhaps a demand would be considered as a 'shakedown' rather than a bribing?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bribe' in WordNet: 1. (1) bribe, payoff - (payment made to a person in a position of trust to corrupt his judgment) WN verb 'bribe': 1. (1) bribe,corrupt, buy, grease one's palms - (make illegal payments to in exchange for favors or influence; 'This judge can be bought') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OfferingABribe ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Brick :guid "bd58feb2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "brick" ; :wnsense "brick1n" ; :wordnet "brick" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object, not the substance. Cyc: A rectangular block of #$Clay-Wet hardened by drying in the sun or burning in a kiln and used for building, paving, etc.. SUMO: A block of fired Clay that is used in Constructing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brick' in WordNet: 1. (7) brick - (rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Block, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :NonPoweredDevice, :OpaqueObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FiredClay ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baking-Hardening ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Bride :wnsense "bride1n" ; :wordnet "bride" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Bride'' is the Woman who is participating in a 'WeddingCeremony'' and at the end of the ceremony becomes the ''Wife'' but is still referred to as the ''Bride'', so that role continues for some time before or after the ceremony, in references to the ceremony. RHW 'bride' is closer than WN to reality: a newly married woman or a woman about to be married. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bride' in WordNet: 1. (3) bride - (a woman who has recently been married) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :Participant, :Spouse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :WeddingCeremony ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marriage ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :BrideAndGroom :en "bride and groom" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BrideAndGroom'' is just the two people who are about to be married or have just been married on or around the time of their ''WeddingCeremony''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoupleOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Groom ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bride ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Bridesmaid :wnsense "bridesmaid1n" ; :wordnet "bridesmaid" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: the ''MaidOfHonor'' is broken out as a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bridesmaid' in WordNet: 1. bridesmaid, maid of honor - (an unmarried woman who attends the bride at a wedding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attender, :Woman . :Bridge :guid "be00f521-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bridge" ; :wnsense "bridge1n", "span5n" ; :wordnet "bridge", "span" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a bridge can contain a footpath and is not necessarily a Roadway. This is more general than the Cyc interpretation. Cyc: Bridges are elevated roadways, usually over water or some other pathway artifact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bridge' in WordNet: 1. (4) bridge, span - (a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfrastructureProduct, :SolidSurfacePathThroughAir, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, :TransportFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopographicalFeature ; owl:onProperty :isOverheadOf ] . :BridgeGame :ldoce "bridge" ; :wnsense "bridge5n" ; :wordnet "bridge" ; a :GameType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CardGame played with four people, involving bidding for the right to name trump. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'bridge' in WordNet: 5. (1) bridge - (any of various card games based on whist for four players) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingABridgeGame ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Bridgehead :guid "9c083888-d8c6-41d6-9d45-de4386d18163" ; :wnsense "bridgehead1n", "foothold1n" ; :wordnet "bridgehead", "foothold" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of regions on the enemy's side that is large enough for most of the crossing force and has adequate terrain to permit defense of the crossing sites, provides security of crossing forces from enemy direct fire, and provides a base for continuing the attack. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bridgehead' in WordNet: 1. (1) bridgehead, foothold - (an area in hostile territory that has been captured and is held awaiting further troops and supplies; 'an attempt to secure a bridgehead behind enemy lines'; 'the only foothold left for British troops in Europe was Gibraltar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombatZone . :Bridle :guid "c0fbdc8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bridle1n" ; :wordnet "bridle" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bridle is device which fits on a horse's head. The reins and a bit are usually connect to the bridle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bridle' in WordNet: 1. (4) bridle - (headgear for a horse; includes a headstall and bit and reins to give the rider or driver control) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Headgear . :Brief :isTheOppositeOf :LongLasting, :Prolonged ; :ldoce "short" ; :wnsense "brief1adj", "short1adj" ; :wordnet "brief", "short" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Brief'' is an attribute that specifies that some Event lasted in time less than the usual length of time for that kind of Event. This attribute is relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'short' and adjective sense 1 of 'brief' in WordNet: 1. (43) short - (primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; 'a short life'; 'a short flight'; 'a short holiday'; 'a short story'; 'only a few short months') WN adj 'brief': 1. (12) brief, little - (of short duration or distance; 'a brief stay in the country'; 'in a little while'; 'it's a little way away') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Briefcase :guid "bd588fc0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "briefcase1n" ; :wordnet "briefcase" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'briefcase' in WordNet: 1. (3) briefcase - (a case with a handle; for carrying papers or files or books) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Box, :PieceOfLuggage, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Document-Physical ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Briefing :en "give a briefing", "giving a briefing" ; :wnsense "brief1v", "briefing1n" ; :wordnet "brief", "briefing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Briefing'' is an ''Informing'' performed orally, usually in Person, and relatively short, taking less than one day and often less than two hours. This is often performed to prepare some group or people for an Action that is imminent, to provide the most recent relevant information. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'briefing' in WordNet: 1. (1) briefing - (detailed instructions, as for a military operation) WN verb 'brief': 1. (1) brief - (give essential information to someone; 'The reporters were briefed about the President's plan to invade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing . :Briefly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Brief ; :wnsense "briefly1adv" ; :wordnet "briefly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Briefly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the *duration* of the Action is significantly shorter than possible or typical for that type of event: 'looked briefly into the room' This does not necessarily imply that the rate of executing the Action is any faster than typical. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'briefly' in WordNet: 1. (10) briefly - (for a short time; 'she visited him briefly'; 'was briefly associated with IBM') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Briefs :guid "bd58c9d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "briefs1n" ; :wordnet "briefs" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Short tight underpants, mostly worn by men. CYC: The collection of briefs - short-pant-like undergarments for the lower part of the body Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'briefs' in WordNet: 1. briefs, Jockey shorts - (short tight-fitting underpants (trade name Jockey shorts)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :Underpants . :Brigade-MilitaryEchelon :guid "2ef1ca64-3b7a-11d6-8000-00a0c9efa845" ; :wnsense "brigade1n" ; :wordnet "brigade" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Special-purpose subunits of military divisions are called 'brigades' and have #$Brigade-UnitDesignation. They are somewhat similar to units with #$Regiment-UnitDesignation. A brigade typically consists of two to five battalions, often organized to fulfill a specific objective, and is commanded by a brigadier general. See also #$Regiment-UnitDesignation and #$Battalion-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brigade' in WordNet: 1. (19) brigade - (army unit smaller than a division) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmyUnit, :ModernMilitaryOrganization . :BrigadierGeneral :guid "9bff0bba-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "brigadier general1n" ; :wordnet "brigadier general" ; a :PersonType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Rank intermediate between #$Colonel-Rank and #$MajorGeneral-Rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S. Army, a Brigadier General may command an instance of #$Brigade-UnitDesignation or #$Regiment-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brigadier general' in WordNet: 1. (1) brigadier, brigadier general - (a general officer ranking below a major general) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommissionedOfficer . :Bright :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Brightness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dim ; :ldoce "bright" ; :wnsense "bright1adj" ; :wordnet "bright" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Bright is an attribute of objects that are currently radiating visible light (reflected or by intrinsic radiation) at an intensity that is makes them conspicuously visible, especially against dimmer surrounding objects. More intensely illuminated than for objects that are ''Light-NotDark''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bright' in WordNet: 1. (17) bright - (emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts; 'the sun was bright and hot'; 'a bright sunlit room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Light-NotDark, :Radiant . :BrightIlluminatingLight a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BrightIlluminatingLight'' is ''light'' that is sufficiently bright to be seen from a distance, and to illuminate an outdoor area more than would a 100-watt light bulb. Floodlights and flares are common examples of things producing such light. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisibleLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bright ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BrightPartOfAnImage :wnsense "highlight2n", "highlighting1n" ; :wordnet "highlight", "highlighting" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BrightPart'' is a proper part of an object or image that is 'brighter' in intensity of color so that it contrasts with the other parts and stands out from the less bright background. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'highlght' in WordNet: 2. highlight, highlighting - (an area of lightness in a picture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Highlight, :PartOfAnImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bright ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Brightening :eng "brightening" ; :wnsense "brighten1v", "lighten up3v", "lighten4v" ; :wordnet "brighten", "lighten", "lighten up" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Brightening'' is an ''IncreasingIntensity'' in which the intensity of the ''Brightness'' of some Place is increased. This is for the intensity of the light, not 'brightness' as applied to emotional reactions (suggested by the WN gloss). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'brighten' in WordNet: 1. (1) brighten, lighten up, lighten - (make lighter or brighter; 'The paint will brighten the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreasingIntensity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brightness ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bright ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Brightly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Bright ; :wnsense "bright1adv", "brightly1adv", "brilliantly1adv" ; :wordnet "bright", "brightly", "brilliantly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'brightly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) brilliantly, brightly, bright - (with brightness; 'the stars shone brilliantly'; 'the windows glowed jewel bright') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Brightness :wnsense "brightness level1n", "brightness3n", "illumination2n", "light4n", "light7n", "lightness5n", "luminance1n", "luminosity1n", "luminousness1n" ; :wordnet "brightness", "brightness level", "illumination", "light", "lightness", "luminance", "luminosity", "luminousness" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Brightness' is the State performed by something that is ''Bright''. NOTE that this is relative to some contrasting object(s) that are less ''Light-NotDark'', as with darker or less intensely ''Illuminated'' parts of a scene of areas of an image. NOTE: this is not a quantitative measure of light intensity - that would be a subtype of ''ConstantQuantity'' using the ''FunctionQuanity' of ''Lumen'' or ''Lux'' as the unit, but those attributes have not yet been represented. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'brightness' in WordNet: 3. luminosity, brightness, brightness level, luminance, luminousness, light - (the quality of being luminous; emitting or reflecting light; 'its luminosity is measured relative to that of our sun') WN noun 'illumination': 2. (1) illumination - (the degree of visibility of your environment) WN noun 'lightess': 5. light, lightness - (the visual effect of illumination on objects or scenes as created in pictures; 'he could paint the lightest light and the darkest dark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WellLighted ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Brilliant :wnsense "brainy1adj", "brilliant2adj", "smart as a whip1adj" ; :wordnet "brainy", "brilliant", "smart as a whip" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Exhibiting a conspicuously high level of intelligence. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brilliant' in WordNet: 2. (7) brainy, brilliant, smart as a whip - (having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence; 'some men dislike brainy women'; 'a brilliant mind'; 'a brilliant solution to the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intelligent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intelligent ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :BrilliantOrangeYellow-Color :guid "e10cea02-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :YellowColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OchreColor, :YellowColor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlondeHair ; owl:onProperty :isTheColorOf ] . :BrilliantlyColored :en "brightly colored", "brilliantly colored" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BrilliantlyColored'' (or 'brightly colored') is the attribute of an Object that is ''Colorful'' (which includes being ''Pretty'') and ''MultiColored'' and of which at least some of its colors are 'bright' in intensity of hue. This attribute is used of certain ''Bird''s with striking bright plumage. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colorful, :MultiColored, :Salient . :BrilliantlyLighted :isTheOppositeOf :Dim ; :wnsense "brilliant5adj" ; :wordnet "brilliant" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BrilliantlyLighted'' is an attribute of objects that are intensely radiating or reflecting visible light. More intense than merely ''Bright''.. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'brilliant' in WordNet: 5. (2) brilliant - (full of light; shining intensely; 'a brilliant star'; 'brilliant chandeliers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bright, :WellLighted . :Brim :wnsense "brim2n" ; :wordnet "brim" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Brim'' is a ''Projection'' from a ''Hat''. NOTE: in some definitions,a ''Brim'' goes all the way around a ''Hat''. This type includes a ''Visor'' which only projects from the front of a ''Cap''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brim' in WordNet: 2. brim - (a circular projection that sticks outward from the crown of a hat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Projection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hat ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BrimFull :isAnAttributeValueOf :DrinkingVessel ; :wnsense "brimful1adj", "brimfull1adj", "brimming1adj" ; :wordnet "brimful", "brimfull", "brimming" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BrimFull'' is a variant of ''Full'' pertaining to open-top containers (such as a cup), characterizing them as filled to the brim. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brimfull' in Wordnet: 1. brimful, brimfull, brimming - (filled to capacity; 'a brimful cup'; 'I am brimful of chowder'; 'a child brimming over with curiosity'; 'eyes brimming with tears') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Full . :Brine :wnsense "brine2n" ; :wordnet "brine" ; a :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Strong solution of salt (''SodiumChloride''), more concentrated than ''SeaWater''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brine' in WordNet: 2. brine - (a strong solution of salt and water used for pickling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SodiumChloride ; owl:onProperty :hasSolute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pickling ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Bringing :en "bringing" ; :finishes :Carrying ; :ldoce "bring", "get", "take" ; :wnsense "bring1v", "bring4v", "fetch1v", "get6v", "take7v" ; :wordnet "bring", "fetch", "get", "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Bringing is a Carrying in which an Agent arrives at a destination and completes the Carrying event. The word 'bring' focuses on the final part of a Carrying event, but this COSMO concept may include a preliminary going to obtain the thing brought back (Wordnet sense 4, 'get' or 'fetch'). The word 'bring' is often used to represent the perspective of another Agent who is at the destination location and receives the object(s) carried. However, this does not include 'bringing' a person, so this is only part of sense 1 of 'bring' in WordNet. There is a difference of perspective in the words 'bring' and 'take' not reflected in WordNet sense 1: 'bringing' focuses on the addition of something at the arrival point, whereas 'taking' focuses on the removal of something from the departure point. Both perspectives are included in this type, but these perspectives are not yet (rev953) formalized. @ToDo: add 'adding' and 'removing' as parents?? or as cause-effect? or starting and ending phases?? The addition and removal can be represented as the ending and starting parts of this type of action. This includes part of sense 1 and sense 4 of 'bring' and sense 6 of 'get' and sense 7 of 'take' in WordNet: 1. (122) bring, convey, take - (take something or somebody with oneself somewhere; 'Bring me the box from the other room'; 'Take these letters to the boss'; 'This brings me to the main point') 4. (19) bring, get, convey, fetch - (go or come after and bring or take back; 'Get me those books over there, please'; 'Could you bring the wine?'; 'The dog fetched the hat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArrivingAtAPlace, :Carrying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carrying ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ] . :Brisk :isAnAttributeValueOf :RefreshingEvent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :RefreshingEvent ; :wnsense "brisk1adj", "lively3adj", "merry3adj", "rattling2adj", "snappy1adj", "spanking1adj", "zippy1adj" ; :wordnet "brisk", "lively", "merry", "rattling", "snappy", "spanking", "zippy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brisk' in Wordnet: 1. (2) brisk, lively, merry, rattling, snappy, spanking, zippy - (quick and energetic; 'a brisk walk in the park'; 'a lively gait'; 'a merry chase'; 'traveling at a rattling rate'; 'a snappy pace'; 'a spanking breeze') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quick . :Briskly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Brisk ; :wnsense "briskly1adv" ; :wordnet "briskly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'briskly' in Wordnet: 1. (4) briskly - (in a brisk manner; \"she walked briskly in the cold air\"; '`after lunch,' she said briskly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Bristle :guid "bd588832-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bristle1n" ; :wordnet "bristle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all bristles. @ToDo: Fiber? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bristle' in WordNet: 1. (5) bristle - (a stiff fiber (coarse hair or filament); natural or synthetic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bristles :en "bristles" ; :guid "bd588832-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large Group of 'Bristle's, typically attached to some handle in a device such as a Brush or Broom. This type is restricted to 'Group's of 'Bristle's that are ArtifactOjects (which can bederived from natural objects); the group may originate as natural objects, but as a Group used in some Device they would be an ArtifactObject, specially cut and organized for a purpose. Corresponds to plural of noun sense 1 of 'bristle' (see ''Bristle'') in WordNet: 1. (5) bristle - (a stiff fiber (coarse hair or filament); natural or synthetic) 2. (1) bristle - (a stiff hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :MobOfThings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Bristle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :British :pertainsTo :GreatBritain, :TheBritish ; :wnsense "British1adj" ; :wordnet "British" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''British'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''TheBritish''. This is usually written with a capital 'B'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'British' in WordNet: 1. (13) British - (of or relating to or characteristic of Great Britain or its people or culture; 'his wife is British') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :BritishCrown a :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:comment """The British monarchy, considered as an Agent that can own things.""" . :BritishIndianOceanTerritory a :Country . :BritishPerson :wnsense "Brit1n", "Britisher1n", "Briton1n" ; :wordnet "Brit", "Britisher", "Briton" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BritishPerson' is a Person born in, a citizens of, or living in Great Britain and in some significant way participating in its national culture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Brit' in Wordnet: 1. Britisher, Briton, Brit - (a native or inhabitant of Great Britain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByNationality . :BritishPound :ldoce "pound" ; :wnsense "British pound sterling1n", "British pound1n", "pound sterling1n", "pound2n", "quid1n" ; :wordnet "British pound", "British pound sterling", "pound", "pound sterling", "quid" ; a :CurrencyUnit ; rdfs:comment """The unit of currency used in the United Kingdom. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pound' in WordNet: 2. (2) British pound, pound, British pound sterling, pound sterling, quid - (the basic unit of money in Great Britain; equal to 100 pence) """ . :BritishShilling :wnsense "British shilling1n", "bob1n", "shilling5n" ; :wordnet "British shilling", "bob", "shilling" ; a :CurrencyUnit ; rdfs:comment """A ''BritishShilling'' is one of the currency measures called 'shilling'. It is now unused,but when used it was worth twelve pence. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'shilling' in WordNet: 5. British shilling, shilling, bob - (a former monetary unit in Great Britain) """ . :BritishThermalUnit :wnsense "B.Th.U.1n", "BTU1n", "British thermal unit1n" ; :wordnet "B.Th.U.", "BTU", "British thermal unit" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An energy measure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'British thermal unit' in WordNet: 1. (4) British thermal unit, BTU, B.Th.U. - (a unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at one atmosphere pressure; equivalent to 251.997 calories) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Brittle :guid "bed38e2e-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Flexible, :Malleable ; :wnsense "brickle1adj", "brickly1adj", "brittle1adj" ; :wordnet "brickle", "brickly", "brittle" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of PhysicalObjects specifying that they cannot bend to any extent and will break if too much force is applied to one part and not another. This is the opposite of ''Flexible' and is characteristic of glass and ceramics. COSMO note: in COSMO, an attributeValue. The Object representing this attribute (see CYC def) is 'BrittleObject'. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$SolidTangibleThing that break easily when subjected to a low or moderate impact or application of force, such as most instances of #$Glass. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brittle' in LDOCE and RHW - no entry in the LDOCE DC: RHW adjective 'brittle' 1. having hardness and rigidity but little tensile strength; breaking readily with a comparatively smooth fracture, as glass. WN adjective brittle: in WordNet: 1. (2) brittle, brickle, brickly - (having little elasticity; hence easily cracked or fractured or snapped; 'brittle bones'; 'glass is brittle'; ''brickle' and 'brickly' are dialectal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solid . :BrittleObject :guid "bed38e2e-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The collecion of instances of #$SolidTangibleThing that break easily when subjected to a low or moderate impact or application of force, such as most instances of #$Glass.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brittle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BrittleSubstance a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Substances with the intrinsic property of breaking easily when subjected to a low or moderate impact or application of force, such as most instances of #$Glass.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brittle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Broad :isTheOppositeOf :Narrow ; :ldoce "broad" ; :wnsense "broad1adj" ; :wordnet "broad" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Broad' is a specialization of 'Wide' that speficies that something has a larger than usual breadth relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. This is not identical to 'Wide' in usage, but the formal difference has not yet (Rev953) been detemined. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'broad' in WordNet: 1. (14) wide, broad - (having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other; 'wide roads'; 'a wide necktie'; 'wide margins'; 'three feet wide'; 'a river two miles broad'; 'broad shoulders'; 'a broad river') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wide . :Broad-minded :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :Thinking ; :isTheOppositeOf :Narrow-minded ; :wnsense "broad8adj", "large-minded1adj", "liberal1adj", "tolerant3adj" ; :wordnet "broad", "large-minded", "liberal", "tolerant" ; a :FeelingType, :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Broad-minded'' is a subtype of ''Tolerant'' characterizing People who try to consider opposing opintions objectively and are willing to accept information contradicting their views and take it into consideration to possibly modify their views. This includes views on matters of morality. This attribute is relevant to specific views; a Prson that is 'Narrow-minded' about some topics may be ''Broad-minded' about other topics. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'liberal' in WordNet: 1. (6) broad, large-minded, liberal, tolerant - (showing or characterized by broad-mindedness; 'a broad political stance'; 'generous and broad sympathies'; 'a liberal newspaper'; 'tolerant of his opponent's opinions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tolerant . :BroadcastAdvertisement :en "a message from our sponsor", "broadcast advertisement" ; :wnsense "commercial message1n", "commercial1n" ; :wordnet "commercial", "commercial message" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BroadcastAdvertisement'' is a ''BroadcastSegment'' that is the 'execution' of an ''AdvertisementScript''. This is the actual sounds and/or scenes in a broadcast (Radio or TV or internet video) that the viewer hears or sees (if they are paying attention). This is commonly refered to as a 'commercial', or an an 'important message' or as a 'message from our sponsor'. 'We interrupt this program to bring you this important message'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commercial' in WordNet: 1. (4) commercial, commercial message - (a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BroadcastSegment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Broadcasting ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdvertisementScript ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :BroadcastChannel :en "broadcast channel" ; :wnsense "TV channel1n", "channel7n", "television channel1n" ; :wordnet "TV channel", "channel", "television channel" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BroadcastChannel'' is a ''CommunicationsChannel'' which is a ''Group'' consisting of a band of radio frequencies (including television frequencies) assigned by a government agency for use by some broadcaster within some geographical region. This does not include cable 'channels' that are not broadcast over the air with radio waves. This is not merely the frequencies, it includes the government authorization and a designation of the valid geographical region Includes but is broader (including all radio an TV frequencies) than noun sense 7 of 'channel' (but does not include the programs) in WordNet: 7. channel, television channel, TV channel - (a television station and its programs; 'a satellite TV channel'; 'surfing through the channels'; 'they offer more than one hundred channels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationsChannel, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :RadioFrequencyBand ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :GeographicalRegion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Broadcaster ] . :BroadcastCommentator :en "broadcast commentator" ; :wnsense "commentator1n" ; :wordnet "commentator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BroadcastCommentator'' is a Person who provides a ''Commentary'' on a regular basis on some program(s) on either Radio or television. This is used mostly for news commentators on Televison. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'commentator' in WordNet: 1. (2) observer, commentator - (an expert who observes and comments on something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affiliate, :Expert, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :BroadcastingOrganization ] . :BroadcastEpisode :en "broadcast episode" ; :wnsense "episode1n" ; :wordnet "episode" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BroadcastEpisode'' is an ''Episode'' that is one ''Broadcasting'' Event in a ''BroadcastSeries''. Each such ''Broadcasting'' typically lasts for one-half to one hour. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'episode' in WordNet: 1. (4) episode - (a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BroadcastSegment, :Episode, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :BroadcastSeries ] . :BroadcastProgram :wnsense "broadcast2n", "program5n", "programme3n" ; :wordnet "broadcast", "program", "programme" ; a :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the Action of Performing some Acts, whether solel speech (as on a Radio shoe) or including visual Actions as in a ''TelevisionProgram''. These actions are either recorde or directly picked up by electronic devices and broadcast by radio waves or some form of cable trasmission or both. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'broadcast' in WordNet: 2. broadcast, program, programme - (a radio or television show; 'did you see his program last night?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Performance, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Broadcasting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :BroadcastSegment :en "broadcast segment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BroadcastSegment'' is any continuous part of the content (sound and/or video) of a ''Broadcasting'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broadcasting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Broadcasting ] . :BroadcastSeries a :GroupType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DramaticPerformanceSeries'' is a ''ReiterativeEventSeries'', is a Group of Events in sequence, each instance of which is one broadcast (radio, television, cable, or internet) of some program that have a common producer, mostly common lead participants, and typically recur at regularly scheduled intervals of a day or a week during some broadcast season. This can include news or comedy programs, dramatic series or sitcoms, interview shows, or anything else that can hold an audience's attention. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReiterativeEventSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :BroadcastEpisode ] . :Broadcaster :wnsense "broadcaster1n" ; :wordnet "broadcaster" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Broadcaster'' male or female person whose job is to participate in some way in 'Broadcasting' events, not merely in a technical support role, but so that their voice (in radio) or image (in television) is transmitted over the airwaves. This can be for single small stations or large networks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broadcaster' in Wordnet: 1. broadcaster - (someone who broadcasts on radio or television) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :MediaProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Broadcasting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Broadcasting :en "broadcasting" ; :guid "bf45168b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "broadcast" ; :wnsense "broadcast1v" ; :wordnet "broadcast" ; a :ActionType, :PublishingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: as of rev1489 this type conflates the 'emission' event with the emitted wave. thes are different types of Events, and need to be disected. See ''EmittingaRadioWave'' and ''RadioWave'' for examples of the two types of Events. @ToDo: make parallel hierarchies in their proper tree. CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$MediaTransmitting conducted via radio or TV. In COSMO, this Action is the action of sending out the signals in anticipation that there will be multiple recipients. A Broadcasting action is an instance of this category even if no one picks up the signal. Cyc: In every #$Broadcasting event, an #$InformationBearingWavePropagation is converted into radio signals, which are transmitted by a #$BroadcastAntenna and received by a #$ReceivingAntenna. Subsets of #$Broadcasting are #$RadioBroadcasting and #$TVBroadcasting. SUMO: Disseminating information by using a CommunicationDevice that radiates RadioEmissions. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'broadcast' in WordNet: 1. (2) air, send, broadcast, beam, transmit - (broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television; 'We cannot air this X-rated song') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingWavePropagation, :MediaTransmitting, :RadioSignalTransmission, :SendingSomething, :Telecommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWaveTransmittingDevice ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ] . :BroadcastingBlackout :wnsense "blackout1n" ; :wordnet "blackout" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blackout' in WordNet: 1. (1) blackout - (a suspension of radio or tv broadcasting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intermission, :MeasurableTimeInterval . :BroadcastingOrganization :en "broadcast company", "broadcast organization", "broadcasting organization" ; :wnsense "broadcaster1n" ; :wordnet "broadcaster" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BroadcastingOrganization'' is an Organiation that performs ''Broadcasting'' over Radio or TV or cable, usually owning the rights to some radio bandwidth in some area, or has a contract with a cable company to provide content. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'broadcaster' in WordNet; 1. broadcaster - (someone who broadcasts on radio or television) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Broadcasting ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Broccoli :wnsense "Brassica oleracea italica1n", "broccoli1n" ; :wordnet "Brassica oleracea italica", "broccoli" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: a form of a cultivated cruciferous plant, Brassica oleracea botrytis, whose leafy stalks and clusters of usually green buds are eaten as a vegetable. Cf. cauliflower. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broccoli' in WordNet: 1. broccoli, Brassica oleracea italica - (plant with dense clusters of tight green flower buds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CruciferousPlant . :Broccoli-Foodstuff :isDerivedFrom :Broccoli ; :wnsense "broccoli2n" ; :wordnet "broccoli" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type ''Broccoli-Foodstuff'' is the Food substance consisting of the unflowered heads derived from the ''Broccoli'' plant. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'broccoli' in WordNet: 2. broccoli - (branched green undeveloped flower heads) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CruciferousVegetable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GreenColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Broke :en "out of funds", "out of money", "stone cold broke" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :BeingOutOfMoney ; :wnsense "broke1adj", "bust1adj", "skint1adj", "stone-broke1adj", "stony-broke1adj" ; :wordnet "broke", "bust", "skint", "stone-broke", "stony-broke" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Out of money - having no funds. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'broke' in Wordnet: 1. (2) broke, bust, skint, stone-broke, stony-broke - (lacking funds; ''skint' is a British slang term') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Broken :wnsense "broken11adj", "broken1adj" ; :wordnet "broken" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Broken is the attribute of a Device that is NonFunctional, because of some malfunctioning or missing component that is difficult to repair or replace. The mere absence of an easily replaceable part such as spark plugs in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine would make that vehicle 'NonFunctional', but not 'Broken. A missing muffler would make a vehicle 'LackingaFunction', but *not* 'Broken'. A broken shaft in the engine would make it 'Broken'. An object may be 'Broken' without having gone through a 'DamagingEvent', by wearing out gradually. Something 'malfunctioning' may or may not be 'Broken' depending on whether it can do its function, howeverly poorly (LackingaFunction') or not do it at all ('Broken'). 'Broken' may be a temporary condition, and does not mean that a Device is not repairable, but it should be used for devices whose malfunction is so difficult to repair that the cost of repair will approach or exceed the cost of replacement. Thus the borderline between 'NonFunctional' and 'Broken' may be difficult to discern in some cases. A crack or hole in a container intended to hold fluids would make it NonFunctional if it caused the container to leak so quickly as to be useless; if it could be easily sealed, the container would not be 'Broken', but would be temporarily 'NonFunctional'. Linguistically, something that is 'broken' may also be termed 'out of order'. Includes senses 1 and 11 of 'broken' in WordNet: 1. (16) broken - (physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split; 'a broken mirror'; 'a broken tooth'; 'a broken leg'; 'his neck is broken') 11. broken, busted - (out of working order ('busted' is an informal substitute for 'broken'); 'a broken washing machine'; 'the coke machine is broken'; 'the coke machine is busted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonFunctional . :BrokenIntoPieces :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BreakingSomethingIntoPieces ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BrokenIntoPieces'' is a subattribute of ''Fragmented'' for brittle Objects that . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'puzzled' in Wordnet: 1. (4) at a loss, nonplused, nonplussed, puzzled - (filled with bewilderment; 'at a loss to understand those remarks'; 'puzzled that she left without saying goodbye') WN adj sense 2 of 'stuck': 2. stuck - (baffled; 'this problem has me completely stuck') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fragmented . :BrokenStone :en "broken stone" ; :enn "broken stone" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :BrokenIntoPieces, :Granular ; :hasUnitObject :BrokenStoneObject ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :StoneType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BrokenStone' is a substance that is a type of ''Gravel'' (a type of ''Stone'', i.e. rock) that is broken into small marble-sized pieces by a ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces'' Action; it is usually not rounded, . This is an ''ArtificialSubstance'' and thus differs from the ''Gravel'' that is found naturally,such as in river beds. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Gravel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreakingSomethingIntoPieces ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrokenIntoPieces ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrokenStoneObject ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :BrokenStoneObject :en "small piece of broken stone" ; :enn "small piece of broken stone" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BrokenStoneObject''is a ''MarbleSizedObject'' made of ''Stone'' that was produced by a ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces'' process. This is the unit object of ''BrokenStone. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreakingSomethingIntoPieces ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreakingSomethingIntoPieces ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Brokenhearted :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Grief ; :isTheOppositeOf :Happy ; :wnsense "bereaved1adj", "bereft2adj", "brokenhearted1adj", "grief-stricken1adj", "grieving1adj", "heartbroken1adj", "heartsick1adj", "sorrowing1adj" ; :wordnet "bereaved", "bereft", "brokenhearted", "grief-stricken", "grieving", "heartbroken", "heartsick", "sorrowing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing ''Grief''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'brokenhearted' in Wordnet: 1. brokenhearted, heartbroken, heartsick - (full of sorrow) WN adj 'grief-stricken': 1. (1) bereaved, bereft, grief-stricken, grieving, mourning, sorrowing - (sorrowful through loss or deprivation; 'bereft of hope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unhappy . :Broker :wnsense "agent4n", "broker1n", "factor5n" ; :wordnet "agent", "broker", "factor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the generic 'broker'that may or may not get paid for efforts as an intermediary. This is broader than the WN sense,but is specific for assisting in reaching an agreement, whether economic or otherwise (as in poltics). RHW: broker (sense 2 is the parent ''Intermediary'') 1. an agent who buys or sells for a principal on a commission basis without having title to the property. 2. a person who functions as an intermediary between two or more parties in negotiating agreements, bargains, or the like. 3. stockbroker. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broker' in WordNet: 1. (1) agent, factor, broker - (a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intermediary . :Brokerage :en "brokerage house" ; :wnsense "brokerage firm1n", "brokerage1n", "securities firm1n" ; :wordnet "brokerage", "brokerage firm", "securities firm" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brokerage' in WordNet: 1. (1) brokerage, brokerage firm, securities firm - (a stock broker's business; charges a fee to act as intermediary between buyer and seller) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialOrganization . :Brokering :wnsense "broker1v" ; :wordnet "broker" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Brokering'' is a specialization of ''Negotiating'' specifically over the terms of an exchange or purchase Agreement; the main item to be determined is usually the price. In some cases as in the 'brokering'done by a stockbroker, there is little or no leeway on the price, and the ''Broker'' performing the service merely functions where the person doing the buying or selling does not have direct access to the relevant market. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'broker' in WordNet: 1. broker - (act as a broker) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Negotiating, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProfessionalBroker ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Commission-Fee ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :Bromine :guid "bd58fd48-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "35"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Br1n", "bromine1n" ; :wordnet "Br", "bromine" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of Bromine. Bromine is a heavy, volatile, corrosive, reddish-brown nonmetallic substance that is liquid under normal physical conditions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bromine' in WordNet: 1. bromine, Br, atomic number 35 - (a nonmetallic largely pentavalent heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Halogen, :NonMetal, :ToxicSubstance . :Bronchitis :guid "c0fd4ea7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bronchitis1n" ; :wordnet "bronchitis" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$UpperRespiratoryInfection. #$Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes. It causes less air to be able to flow to and from the lungs and a heavy mucus or phlegm is coughed up. Not necessarily due to infection: RHW: acute or chronic inflammation of the membrane lining of the bronchial tubes, caused by respiratory infection or exposure to bronchial irritants, as cigarette smoke. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bronchitis' in WordNet: 1. bronchitis - (inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Inflammation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lung ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Bronze :hasComponentSubstance :Tin ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Copper ; :wnsense "bronze1n" ; :wordnet "bronze" ; a :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance consisting mostly of Copper with some Tin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bronze' in WordNet: 1. (2) bronze - (an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alloy . :BronzeAge :wnsense "Bronze Age1n" ; :wordnet "Bronze Age" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BronzeAge'' is the ''HistoricalPeriod'' that precedes the ''Antiquity''. This is the period when Bronze was the primary hard metal used in tools and weapons,before Iron refining was discovered. This period occurred in different chronological times in dfferent locations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Bronze Age' in WordNet: 1. Bronze Age - ((archeology) a period between the Stone and Iron Ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HistoricalPeriod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IronAge ; owl:onProperty :precedes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Antiquity ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ] . :BronzeSculpture :wnsense "bronze2n" ; :wordnet "bronze" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sculpture'' consisting mostly of ''Bronze''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bronze' in WordNet: 2. bronze - (a sculpture made of bronze) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sculpture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bronze ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Brooch :guid "bd58e3a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "brooch1n" ; :wordnet "brooch" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Brooch'' is a ''JewelryPin'' that is larger than the average ''JewelryPin''. CYC: The collection of brooches, a kind of decorative pin often used to attach a scarf. RHW: a clasp or ornament having a pin at the back for passing through the clothing and a catch for securing the point of the pin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brooch' in WordNet: 1. brooch, broach, breastpin - (a decorative pin worn by women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JewelryPin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothing-Top ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Brood :wnsense "brood1n" ; :wordnet "brood" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Brood'' is a 'GroupOfAnimals'' of which each component element is an offspring of the same mother animal, and all of which are being nurtured at the same time - usually because they were born within the same birth event. This is usually used for ''NonHumanAnimal''s but is sometimes used - perhaps metaphorically - for human hildren of the same parents being raised at the same time. RHW 'brood': 1. a number of young produced or hatched at one time; a family of offspring or young. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brood' in WordNet: 1. (10) brood - (the young of an animal cared for at one time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :JuvenileAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Broom :guid "bd58c1e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "broom1n" ; :wordnet "broom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all long-handled brooms, used for cleaning floors. The short-handled whisk broom is categorized as a 'Brush'. SUMO: A BrushOrComb whose purpose is to remove dirt and other small particles from floors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broom' in WordNet: 1. (3) broom - (a cleaning implement for sweeping; bundle of straws or twigs attached to a long handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrushOrBroom, :CleaningImplement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BroomHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :BroomHandle :guid "bd589645-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A shaft-like ''Handle'' longer than 120 cm. CYC: The collection of all handles like broom handles. This would also include mop handles, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :LongHandle, :Shaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "120"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Broth :hasComponentSubstance :SolidFood ; :wnsense "broth1n", "stock2n" ; :wordnet "broth", "stock" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Broth' has a higher viscosity than the watery component of a ''Soup'', and the meat or fish particles in a ''Broth'' should be small enough not to settle readily to the bottom. RHW: 1. thin soup of concentrated meat or fish stock. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broth' in WordNet: 1. broth, stock - (liquid in which meat and vegetables are simmered; used as a basis for e.g. soups or sauces; 'she made gravy with a base of beef stock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidFood ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Viscous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Brothel :guid "bd5e5570-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bagnio1n", "bawdyhouse1n", "bordello1n", "brothel1n", "cathouse1n", "house of ill repute1n", "house of prostitution1n", "sporting house1n", "whorehouse1n" ; :wordnet "bagnio", "bawdyhouse", "bordello", "brothel", "cathouse", "house of ill repute", "house of prostitution", "sporting house", "whorehouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Building in which #$Prostitutes engage in #$SexualBehavior with clients for money. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brothel' in WordNet: 1. (2) whorehouse, brothel, bordello, bagnio, house of prostitution, house of ill repute, bawdyhouse, cathouse, sporting house - (a building where prostitutes are available) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prostitution ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Brother :ldoce "brother" ; :wnsense "brother1n" ; :wordnet "brother" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BiologicalSibling who is male. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brother' in WordNet: 1. (36) brother, blood brother - (a male with the same parents as someone else; 'my brother still lives with our parents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalSibling, :MalePerson . :BrotherInLaw :wnsense "brother-in-law1n" ; :wordnet "brother-in-law" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''BrotherInLaw'' is an ''InLaw'' who married a Sibling of the reference Person. Before same-sex marriage became legal in some jurisdictions, this could be reliably asserted to be a person married to a Sister, but now it could be the person married to a ''Brother''. This relationisrepresented by the relation 'hasSpouse' - 'BiologicalSibling'. This needs to be elaborated by FOL,to clarify of whom the 'BiologicalSibling' is. In either case, this is not a biological relative. A 'brother-in-law' could be a Person related by marriage to one's own sibling, or related to the one a Person is him/herself married to. This ambiguity would need more work to cover all the possibilities. So this is just a place-holder to be elaborated when needed. e.g. RHW 'brother-in-law'': 1. the brother of one's husband or wife. 2. the husband of one's sister. 3. the husband of one's wife's or husband's sister. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brother-in-law' in WordNet: 1. (1) brother-in-law - (a brother by marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InLaw, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSpouse ; owl:someValuesFrom :BiologicalSibling ] . :BrowLiner :en "brow liner", "browliner" ; a :CoveringType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BrowLiner'' is a form of ''Eyeliner'' that is used to emphasize the ''Eyebrow''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoatingMaterial, :Eyeliner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eyebrow ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Brown-EyeColor :guid "62b797de-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightOliveBrown-Color . :Brown-HairColor :en "brown hair color" ; :enn "brown hair color" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :HairColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrownColor, :HairColorValue . :BrownColor :guid "068e8e84-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "brown" ; :wnsense "brown1n", "chocolate-brown1n", "dark-brown1n" ; :wordnet "brown", "chocolate-brown", "dark-brown" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color brown. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'brown' in WordNet; Wordnet includes both ;brownish' and 'brown' in the same sense, COSMO distinguishes them; this is the color that has little other tinges to confuse; true brown.: in WordNet: 1. (38) brown, brownish, chocolate-brown, dark-brown - (of a color similar to that of wood or earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brownish . :Brownie :wnsense "brownie3n" ; :wordnet "brownie" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single brownie - an object, not a substance. Sort of like a ''Cookie'' and sort of like a piece of ''Cake'' - short and flat, but spongy and not as hard as a typical ''Cookie''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brownie' in Wordnet: 3. brownie - (square or bar of very rich chocolate cake usually with nuts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cake, :Cookie . :BrownieScout :wnsense "Brownie1n" ; :wordnet "Brownie" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young member of the ''GirlScouts''. Corresponds to RHW sense 4 of 'brownie': (sometimes cap.) a member of the junior division of the Girl Scouts or the Girl Guides, being a girl in the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd grade and usually between 6 and 8 years old. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Brownie' in Wordnet: 1. Brownie - (a junior Girl Scout) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Girl . :Browning :wnsense "brown1v" ; :wordnet "brown" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Browning'' is an Event in which some object goes from colorless or a very light near-white color to a ''Brownish'' color. ncludes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'brown' (not necessarily fry and not necessarily in a pan - ''ToastingSomething'' is a subtype) in WordNet: 1. (1) brown - (fry in a pan until it changes color; \"brown the meat in the pan\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brownish ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Brownish :guid "a480a5da-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "brown" ; :wnsense "brown1n", "brownish1n" ; :wordnet "brown", "brownish" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$BrownColor. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'brown' in WordNet; Wordnet includes both ;brownish' and 'brown' in the same sense, COSMO distinguishes them.: in WordNet: 1. (38) brown, brownish, chocolate-brown, dark-brown -- (of a color similar to that of wood or earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :BrownishBlack-Color :guid "d7f57f1e-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Black . :Brownout :wnsense "blackout2n", "brownout1n", "dimout1n" ; :wordnet "blackout", "brownout", "dimout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Brownout'' is a ''LackingElectricalPower'' that is either (1) intentional extinction of lights as a precaution against aerial attack; or (2) only a partial loss of power, not complete as in a ''Blackout'', in some area larger than a single building. This second meaning may be due to intentional reduction of voltage by the power company when demand is very high, as a prection to avoid the full loss of power. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'brownout' in WordNet: 1. blackout, brownout, dimout - (darkness resulting from the extinction of lights (as in a city invisible to enemy aircraft)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingElectricalPower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PowerFailure ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Bruise :guid "c0fd5220-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bruise1n", "contusion1n" ; :wordnet "bruise", "contusion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bruise'' is also called a 'contusion', an injury that often causes discoloration of the skin but does not penetrate the skin.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bruise' in WordNet: 1. (1) bruise, contusion - (an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injury-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bruising ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erythema ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cut ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ] . :Bruised :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Bruising ; :wnsense "bruised1adj", "contused1adj", "contusioned1adj" ; :wordnet "bruised", "contused", "contusioned" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bruised' in WordNet: 1. (2) bruised, contused, contusioned - (injured without breaking the skin; 'a cut forehead and bruised cheek') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Damaged, :PastParticiple . :Bruising :wnsense "bruise1v" ; :wordnet "bruise" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bruising'' is a ''Injuring'' caused by some impact on a part of the body that does not cause penetration of the skin. This Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bruise' in WordNet: 1. (2) bruise, contuse - (injure the underlying soft tissue of bone of; 'I bruised my knee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bruise ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :BruneiDarussalam a :Country . :Brush :ldoce "brush" ; :wnsense "brush2n" ; :wordnet "brush" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device with multiple moderately stiff bristles or hairs used for any of several purposes,such as cleaning and applying paint. The short-handled brushes and whisk brooms are instances, regardless of the material that the bristles are made of. Includes 'ToothBrush'.and 'paintbrush'. NOTE that the restrictions require that a Brush have both a Handle and Bristles, but the use of 'hasValue' does not require that the components be named and represented separately. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brush' in WordNet: 2. (8) brush - (an implement that has hairs or bristles firmly set into a handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrushOrBroom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bristles ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :BrushOrBroom a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device which consists of a handle and (at least ten) bristles and whose purpose is to remove particles from something or to smooth something out. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningImplement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bristles ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Brushing :en "brushing" ; :ldoce "brush" ; :wnsense "brush1v", "brush2v", "brush3v", "brush4v", "brush5v" ; :wordnet "brush" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Brushing' is a 'Sliding-Generic' motion involving two objects that are intentionally pressed lightly against each other (or one on the other) while performing a sliding motion with one of the objects. This includes mutual sliding, as in people 'brushing' against each other, but will usually be used for Actions in which a Person moves the hand or some object in the hand against a solid surface. Subtypes will be (not yet - r805) BrushingWithaBrush, PettingAnAnimal, and BrushingParticlesFromaSurface. NOTE that this is a 'PurposefulAction, meaning that the agent was moving purposefully, but the Brushing component of the Action may not itself be intentional. The main division will be (1) the act of brushing things from a surface, where the object is the particles removed (see 'Sweeping'); and (2) brushing a surface without the intention of removing things from it. For actions where a surface is abraded intentionally, use 'AbradingSomething'. Includes verb senses 1 through 5 of 'brush' in WordNet: 1. (11) brush - (rub with a brush, or as if with a brush; 'Johnson brushed the hairs from his jacket') 2. (10) brush - (touch lightly and briefly; 'He brushed the wall lightly') 3. (5) brush - (clean with a brush; 'She brushed the suit before hanging it back into the closet') 4. (2) brush, sweep - (sweep across or over; 'Her long skirt brushed the floor'; 'A gasp swept cross the audience') 5. (1) brush - (remove with or as if with a brush; 'brush away the crumbs'; 'brush the dust from the jacket'; 'brush aside the objections') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingFriction, :PurposefulAction, :Sliding-Generic . :BrushingHair :wnsense "brush7n", "brushing2n" ; :wordnet "brush", "brushing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BrushingHair'' is a ''HairCare'' Action in which someone runs a ''HirBrush'' through someone's (usually one's own) ''HairOnHead'', typically to make it straighter or glossier. Not for groooming pet animals. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brushing' in WordNet: 2. brush, brushing - (the act of brushing your hair; 'he gave his hair a quick brush') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairCare, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairOnHead ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairBrush ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :BrushingTeeth :en "brushing teeth" ; :guid "c0606da1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "brush" ; :wordnet "brush" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO NOTE: this is broader than in Cyc, in an act of 'BrushingTeeth', a person can brush another person's teeth, or the teeth of an animal. Usually it is one's own teeth, by default. Cyc: This is the collection of all complex actions the focal point of which is brushing one's own teeth. Each instance begins with the preparations for brushing one's teeth--looking for the tools--and continues through the physical act of brushing, ending only after the cleaning up-putting away the tools-is finished. For the simple physical action of brushing one's teeth, see #$TeethCleaning. There is no WordNet sense of 'brush' specifically for teeth, but that is one use of the word: 'She showered, brushed, and dressed in under fifteen minutes'; 'you should brush after every meal'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, :Brushing, :CleaningTeeth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SetOfTeeth ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ToothBrush ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ] . :BrutalAction :isAnActionDisposedByTendency :Brutality ; :wnsense "barbarism1n", "barbarity2n", "brutality2n", "savagery3n" ; :wordnet "barbarism", "barbarity", "brutality", "savagery" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'brutality' in WordNet: 2. (2) brutality, barbarity, barbarism, savagery - (a brutal barbarous savage act) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atrocity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Atrocious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brutality ; owl:onProperty :isAnActionDisposedByTendency ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HarmingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Brutality :hasContrastingTrait :Kindness ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Cruel ; :isaTendencyToPerformAction :BrutalAction ; :wnsense "brutality1n", "ferociousness1n", "savagery2n", "viciousness1n" ; :wordnet "brutality", "ferociousness", "savagery", "viciousness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Brutality'' is a more intense form of ''Cruelness'' that disposes a Person to perform acts that impose unnecessary and unwarranted pain or harm on others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brutality' in WordNet: 1. (2) ferociousness, brutality, viciousness, savagery - (the trait of extreme cruelty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cruelness . :Brutally :isMoreIntensiveThan :Cruelly ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Cruel ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BrutalAction ; :wnsense "brutally1adv", "savagely1adv", "viciously1adv" ; :wordnet "brutally", "savagely", "viciously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: 'cruelly' and 'brutally' both refer to ''Cruel'' as the stem adjective, but in COSMO ''Brutally'' represents a more intense degree of 'cruelty' than ''Cruelly''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'brutally' in Wordnet: 1. viciously, brutally, savagely - (in a vicious manner; 'he was viciously attacked') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :BryophytaDivision :guid "bd58e897-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Bryophyta1n", "division Bryophyta1n" ; :wordnet "Bryophyta", "division Bryophyta" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A biologicalDivision including mosses, liverworts and hornworts - those plants lacking vascular tissue. in WordNet: 1. Bryophyta, division Bryophyta - (a division of nonflowering plants characterized by rhizoids rather than true roots and having little or no organized vascular tissue and showing alternation of generations between gamete-bearing forms and spore-bearing forms; comprises true mosses (Bryopsida) and liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and hornworts (Anthoceropsida)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant . :Bryophyte :guid "bd58e8d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bryophyte1n", "nonvascular plant1n" ; :wordnet "bryophyte", "nonvascular plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Those plants lacking vascular tissue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bryophyte' in WordNet: 1. bryophyte, nonvascular plant - (any of numerous plants of the division Bryophyta) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BryophytaDivision, :NonvascularOrganism . :BubbleGum :wnsense "bubble gum1n" ; :wordnet "bubble gum" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of ''ChewingGum'' that is consituted of sticky stuff that can be blown into bubbles while chewing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bubble gum' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bubble gum - (a kind of chewing gum that can be blown into bubbles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChewingGum, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chewing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :BubbleInAir a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BubbleInAir'' is a near-spheroidal object that may be very small or multiple centimeters wide, all or most of the surface of which is in contact with the atmosphere. This is for soap bubbles blown from a ring, or BubbleGum bubbles still partly in a person's mouth. Those are subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HollowBall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HollowLiquidBall ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GasBubble ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Bubbles :en "bubbles" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Bubbles'' is a Group of ''GasBubble''s inside a the same ''LiquidObject'', such as in a bottle or a DrinkingVessel, or collected at the top of the liquid as ''Froth''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GasBubble ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObject :LiquidSubstanceType :LiquidObjectType ) ] ] . :Bucket :guid "bd58b6f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bucket" ; :wnsense "bucket1n", "pail1n" ; :wordnet "bucket", "pail" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A ''Bucket'' is a container that is small enough to carry with one hand. It may or may not have a handle, and may or may not have a lid. It is typically cylindrical, but squarish buckets also are available. A 'paint bucket' (also 'paint can') usually has a lid, and always has a lid if used for shipping and storage. A KFC 'bucket' of chicken is typically of cardboard or similar composite; some 'ice buckets' (as in some motels) have no handle. In WordNet there is no clear distinction between ''Bucket'' and ''Pail'', but COSMO makes some distinctions between the formal concepts of ''Bucket'' and ''Pail''. A ''Pail'' always has a handle, and if it has a lid, that lid must be removable that it is in essence, an open-topped container (''OpenTopContainer''). If it has a sloping side (not verticle) it will usually be a ''Pail''. A ''Bucket'' should be light enough to carry in one hand, though if it has more than 50 pounds in it, it may need a handle to carry conveniently. This corresponds to RHW definition 1: RHW: 1. a deep, cylindrical vessel, usually of metal, plastic, or wood, with a flat bottom and a semicircular bail, for collecting, carrying, or holding water, sand, fruit, etc.; pail. Cyc: The collection of all tangible buckets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bucket' and sense 1 of 'pail' in WordNet: 1. (2) bucket, pail - (a roughly cylindrical vessel that is open at the top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :OpenTopContainer, :SmallObject . :BuckyBall a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BuckyBall'' is a ''FullereneMolecule'' in the shape of a sphere. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FullereneMolecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spherical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Buckyballs :en "buckyball stuff", "buckyballs" ; :wnsense "buckyball1n" ; :wordnet "buckyball" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Buckyballs'' is a 'Fullerene'' whose individual component molecules are each some form of ''BuckyBall'', individual molecules that are roughly spherical or ellipsoidal in shape. NOTE: the term ''BuckyBall' (singular) represents the individual molecule (the 'unit object') of the substance ''BuckyBalls''. See 'BuckyBall'' for the properties of the individual molecule. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buckyball' in WordNet: 1. buckminsterfullerene, buckyball - (a spheroidal fullerene; the first known example of a fullerene) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fullerene, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BuckyBall ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :Bucolic :pertainsTo :Cowboy, :FlockOfSheep, :HerdOfCattle, :HerdingAnimals, :Shepherd ; :wnsense "bucolic2adj", "pastoral2adj" ; :wordnet "bucolic", "pastoral" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bucolic'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to HerdingAnimals, and the animal (sheep and cattle) and the people who do theherding. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'bucolic' in Wordnet: 2. bucolic, pastoral - (relating to shepherds or herdsmen or devoted to raising sheep or cattle; \"pastoral seminomadic people\"; \"pastoral land\"; \"a pastoral economy\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Bud :wnsense "bud1n" ; :wordnet "bud" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Flower'' that has not yet opened fully to reveal its ''Petal''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bud' in Wordnet: 1. (3) bud - (a partially opened flower) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flower . :BuddhaIsTheTeacher :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Buddha_is_the_teacher ; :hasTopic :ENG_Buddha_is_the_teacher ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :Buddhism :wnsense "Buddhism1n", "Buddhism2n" ; :wordnet "Buddhism" ; a :BeliefGroup, :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """From Wikipedia: Buddhism is based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha, who was born in Ancient India, in the city of Lumbini, in what is now known as Nepal. It is thought that he was born in the fifth century BCE. While there is disagreement between denominations over the Buddha's teachings (the Buddha Dharma), nearly all Buddhists recognize some version of the Tipitaka ('Three Baskets'), though it plays a far more central role in Theravada than in Mahayana. Also, Mahayana Buddhists recognize a set of texts called the Mahayana Sutras which Theravadins do not accept. From WordNet: in WordNet: 1. Buddhism - (a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha) 2. Buddhism - (the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Religion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BuddhaIsTheTeacher ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buddhists ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ] . :BuddhistMonk :en "bonze", "buddhist monk" ; :enn "bonze" ; :guid "c8ca4524-fdbd-41d7-88c2-81c0ca471d80" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all individuals who serve as #$Monks within the framework of #$Buddhism. RHW 'bonze': a Buddhist monk, esp. of Japan or China. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuddhistPerson, :Monk . :BuddhistPerson :guid "c10053c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Buddhist1n" ; :wordnet "Buddhist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all persons who believe in (at least some of) the tenets of some type of Buddhism, or who practice Buddhist religious rituals, or both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buddhist' in WordNet: 1. (1) Buddhist - (one who follows the teachings of Buddha) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buddhism ; owl:onProperty :believes ] . :BuddhistTemple :en "Buddhist temple" ; :enn "Buddhist temple" ; :guid "be00c6c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$TempleBuildings dedicated to the religious practices of #$Buddhism.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TempleBuilding . :Buddhists :en "Buddhists" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BuddhistPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Budding :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BuddingEvent ; :pertainsTo :BeginningOfAnEvent, :YeastBudding ; :wnsense "budding1adj" ; :wordnet "budding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Budding'' is an attribute of an Object that is beginning to grow or develop in some respect. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'budding' in Wordnet: 1. budding - (beginning to develop; 'a budding genius') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Developing . :BuddingEvent :wnsense "bud2v" ; :wordnet "bud" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''BuddingEvent'' includes various distinguishable senses of the concept of 'beginning to grow'. RHW 'verb 'bud' 9. to begin to develop. of verb 'bud' (begin to grow). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'bud' in WordNet: 2. (1) bud - (start to grow or develop; 'a budding friendship' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeginningOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Development ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ] . :Budgerigar :wnsense "Melopsittacus undulatus1n", "budgereegah1n", "budgerigar1n", "budgerygah1n", "budgie1n", "grass parakeet1n", "lovebird1n", "shell parakeet1n" ; :wordnet "Melopsittacus undulatus", "budgereegah", "budgerigar", "budgerygah", "budgie", "grass parakeet", "lovebird", "shell parakeet" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'budgerigar' in WordNet: 1. budgerigar, budgereegah, budgerygah, budgie, grass parakeet, lovebird, shell parakeet, Melopsittacus undulatus - (small Australian parakeet usually light green with black and yellow markings in the wild but bred in many colors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parakeet . :Budget :guid "bd58a1e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "budget2n" ; :wordnet "budget" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Budget'' is a ''Plan'' specifying how much money an agent (person or group) intends to spend on each item of anticipated expenditure.. CYC: special kinds of Plans which deal with financial expenses. 'expenditures'? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'budget' in WordNet: 2. (3) budget - (a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them; 'the president submitted the annual budget to Congress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractText ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpendingMoney ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :BudgetDeficit :wnsense "deficit4n" ; :wordnet "deficit" ; a :AttributeValueType, :DifferenceType, :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BudgetDeficit'' is the monetary Difference between income and expenditures for some agent (person, Organization, government) Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'deficit' and sense 1 of 'budget deficit'in WordNet: 4. deficit - (an excess of liabilities over assets (usually over a certain period); 'last year there was a serious budgetary deficit') WN noun 'budet deficit': 1. budget deficit - (an excess of expenditures over revenues) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deficit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Income :Revenue ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Expenditure ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :Budging :wnsense "agitate4v", "budge1v", "shift4v", "stir2v" ; :wordnet "agitate", "budge", "shift", "stir" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Budging' is a type of small 'MotionInPlace' in which most parts of the object moving remain within the 'convex hull' of that object before the motion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'budge' in WordNet: 1. (3) stir, shift, budge, agitate - (move very slightly; 'He shifted in his seat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionInPlace . :BuffColor :guid "bb5da480-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :Buffalo :guid "bd5902af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bison1n", "buffalo1n" ; :wordnet "bison", "buffalo" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The American Bison. SUMO: A HoofedMammal with long hair whose habitat is the plains of NorthAmerica. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buffalo' and part of sense 1 of 'bison' in WordNet: 1. (3) American bison, American buffalo, buffalo, Bison bison - (large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains) WN 'bison': 1. bison - (any of several large humped bovids having shaggy manes and large heads and short horns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bovid, :HoofedMammal, :Ruminant . :BuffaloCityRegion :isSmallerThan :TheUnitedStatesArea ; a :CityRegion . :BuffaloNY :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :BuffaloCityRegion ; :en "Buffalo" ; a :City, :USCity . :BuffaloWing :wnsense "buffalo wing1n" ; :wordnet "buffalo wing" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A cooked Chicken wing, an Object, not a Substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buffalo wing' in WordNet: 1. buffalo wing - (crisp spicy chicken wings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedWingOfFowl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spicy ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :BufferStorage :guid "bd58fabb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "buffer storage1n", "buffer store1n", "buffer3n" ; :wordnet "buffer", "buffer storage", "buffer store" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A temporary store of things, often used to smooth out differences in flow of inputs and flow of outputs. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'buffer' in WordNet: 3. buffer, buffer storage, buffer store - ((computer science) a part of RAM used for temporary storage of data that is waiting to be sent to a device; used to compensate for differences in the rate of flow of data between components of a computer system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerMemoryDevice . :Buffet :wnsense "buffet1n", "counter4n", "sideboard3n" ; :wordnet "buffet", "counter", "sideboard" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buffet' in WordNet: 1. (1) buffet, counter, sideboard - (a piece of furniture that stands at the side of a dining room; has shelves and drawers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Counter, :FurniturePiece, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiningRoom ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drawer ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :BuffetMeal :wnsense "buffet2n" ; :wordnet "buffet" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BuffetMeal'' is a ''Meal'', that may have more than one component (in which case it could be a ''Smorgasbord''), layed out on some surface for people to take and place on their own plates. NOTE: this might be considered in some sense as a ''MultiCourseMeal'', but that is now used for a meal that is served. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'buffet' in WordNet: 2. buffet - (a meal set out on a buffet at which guests help themselves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meal, :Role, :Variety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :BuffetingAnObject :wnsense "buff1v", "buffet2v" ; :wordnet "buff", "buffet" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BuffetingAnObject'' is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' that is not as forceful as a ''BatteringAnObject'', and may be done with objects that are soft, or even by ''Wind''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'buffet' in WordNet: 2. buffet, buff - (strike, beat repeatedly; 'The wind buffeted him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ApplyingAForce, :StrikingAnObjectEvent . :Bug :wnsense "bug1n" ; :wordnet "bug" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An informal term for any small creeping or crawling living thing, such as insects, arthropods, caterpillars. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bug' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bug - (general term for any insect or similar creeping or crawling invertebrate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Invertebrate . :Buggy :wnsense "buggy1n" ; :wordnet "buggy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small Horse-drawn carriage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buggy' in Wordnet: 1. (2) buggy, roadster - (a small lightweight carriage; drawn by a single horse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HorseCarriage . :Bugle :guid "bd5ca47a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bugle1n" ; :wordnet "bugle" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BrassInstrument'' without valves. doesNotHavePart - valve (of horn instrument) SUMO: A HornInstrument that has no valves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bugle' in WordNet: 1. (3) bugle - (a brass instrument without valves; used for military calls and fanfares) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrassInstrument . :BugleCall :wnsense "bugle call1n" ; :wordnet "bugle call" ; a :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BugleCall'' is an instance of ''PlayingaBugle\"'' that is a''Signal'' used by the military that 'indicates' that some Event has happened, or some time has arrived, or some Action should be performed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bugle call' in WordNet: 1. bugle call - (a signal broadcast by the sound of a bugle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingaBugle, :Signal . :Builder :wnsense "builder3n", "constructor1n" ; :wordnet "builder", "constructor" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Builder'' is a Person or Organization that performs ''Constructing'' (building structures) as its main or one of its principle functions. See subtype ''ConstructionCompany'',a more formal term. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'builder' in WordNet: 3. builder, constructor - (someone who contracts for and supervises construction (as of a building)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Constructing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Building :ldoce "building" ; :wnsense "building1n" ; :wordnet "building" ; a :CoverableObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: The Class of StationaryArtifacts which are intended to house Humans and their activities. NOTE: the restriction : hasPhysicalPart . . . Wall: one supposes that there should be more than one,but there are buildings with round walls, that have only one. NOTE2: isaPhysicalPartOf - Building is present to fill existential restriction. This is kludgy but logically correct, as an object is a part of itself (unless 'proper part' is specified). OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of artifacts; a subcollection of #$FixedStructure and of #$HumanShelterConstruction. An instance of #$Building is typically a substantial structure and must have walls and a roof, with rooms inside or at least some area designed to be occupied by humans (but not necessarily as a residence). Examples include the #$EmpireStateBuilding, Michael Jackson's house in L.A., King Arthur's castle, an #$AircraftHangar at O'Hare, a #$Lighthouse in the Mediterranean sea, the #$SydneyOperaHouse, the #$WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'building' in WordNet: 1. (48) building, edifice - (a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place; 'there was a three-story building on the corner'; 'it was an imposing edifice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :HumanOccupationConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roof ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wall ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BuildingBlock :ldoce "unit" ; :wnsense "building block1n", "building block2n", "unit5n" ; :wordnet "building block", "unit" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object used as one piece to construct something larger. Very general, physical or abstract (e.g. axioms are the building blocks of a theory). Includes noun senses 1 and 2 'building block' in WordNet: 1. (2) unit, building block - (a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else; 'units of nucleic acids') 2. building block - (a block of material used in construction work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unit . :BuildingFire a :InsuredEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fire that occurs in some building, and damages at least part of the building and usually some of its contents.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fire, :IncurringPhysicalDamage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Building ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Building ] . :BuildingFrame :wnsense "frame6n", "skeletal frame1n", "skeleton4n", "underframe1n" ; :wordnet "frame", "skeletal frame", "skeleton", "underframe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A construction artifact (SolidTangibleArtifact) that forms the interior ''Framework'' for a building and supports the structure, keeping ts parts from falling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeletal frame' in WordNet: 1. skeleton, skeletal frame, frame, underframe - (the internal supporting structure that gives an artifact its shape; 'the building has a steel skeleton') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Framework, :Structure . :BuildingMaterial :guid "c10af48b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "building material1n" ; :wordnet "building material" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc the comments seem to indicate that this category should not be considered as a substance. But in COSMO, the reorganization places this under substances. #$BuildingMaterial is a specialization of #$Artifact-NonAgentive and #$PartiallyTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$BuildingMaterial is an artifact of a type typically incorporated in the construction of new structures. Specializations of #$BuildingMaterial include lumber (but not wood), bricks (but not clay), quaried blocks of marble (but not rock in general), slabs of concrete, batches of wet concrete, roof shingles, copper nails, double-paned windows, etc. Most ''ConstructionObject''s are nade up of ''Buildingmateral''. NOTE: the WN synset is ambiguous between material as stuff (substance) and material as objects. In COSMO that synset labels both meanings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'building material' in WordNet: 1. building material - (material used for constructing buildings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Product, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Constructing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ] . :BuildingSomething :ldoce "build" ; :wnsense "build1v", "construct2v" ; :wordnet "build", "construct" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The specialization of 'MakingaPhysicalObject' in which an Artifact is created from more than one part; however, some parts may be created in the process of 'BuildingSomething', as when a foundation is poured in creating a building. Unlike the parent 'MakingaPhysicalObject', this cannot be merely a change of composition, as in baking bread. It is possible for a food object to be the result of a 'BuildingSomething', as when an elaborate cake is assembled from pre-made parts. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'build' in Random House Webster: 1. to construct (esp. something complex) by assembling and joining parts or materials: to build a house. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'build' and sense 2 of 'construct' in WordNet: 1. (123) construct, build, make - (make by combining materials and parts; 'this little pig made his house out of straw'; 'Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer') WN verb 'construct': 2. (5) manufacture, fabricate, construct - (put together out of components or parts; 'the company fabricates plastic chairs'; 'They manufacture small toys') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaPhysicalObject . :BuildingSuperintendent :wnsense "super1n", "superintendent2n" ; :wordnet "super", "superintendent" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BuildingSuperintendent'' is a ''Custodian''for some Building, often an apartment house, with the duty of keeping the building in good condition and maintaining the functioning especially of heating or air conditioning units. Corresponds to noun sense 2 (but wider than ApartmentHouse) of 'superintendent' in WordNet: 2. superintendent, super - (a caretaker for an apartment house; represents the owner as janitor and rent collector) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Caretaker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaintainingaBuilding ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :BuildingUpAnAccumulation :wnsense "buildup1n" ; :wordnet "buildup" ; a :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This differs from ''Collecting in that this Action can be performed by a natural process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buildup' in WordNet: 1. (3) buildup - (the act of building up an accumulation; 'I envied his rapid buildup of assets'; 'a military buildup in preparation for the invasion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AccumulatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accumulation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BuildingWindow :guid "bd58f957-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "window" ; :wnsense "window7n" ; :wordnet "window" ; a :PhysicalFeatureType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The opening (usually) in the wall of a building that usually contains a transparent pane of glass or plastic; it may or may not be capable of being opened. The physical object serving to cover a 'BuildingWindow' is represented as 'Window'. Corresponds to noun senses 7 of 'window' in WordNet: 7. window - (an opening in the wall of a building (usually to admit light and air); 'he stuck his head in the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, :SpaceInAHOC, :WindowPortal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BuildingaHouse :ldoce "build" ; :wnsense "build1v" ; :wordnet "build" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BuildingaHouse'' is a subtype of ''Constructing'' in which the thing constructed is a ''House'' - a one-or-two family private house, not an apartment building. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constructing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :House ] . :BuildingaShip :wnsense "shipbuilding1n" ; :wordnet "shipbuilding" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BuildingaShip'' is a subtype of ''Constructing'' in which the thing constructed is a ''Ship'' - a large boat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shipbuilding' in WordNet: 1. (1) shipbuilding - (the construction of ships) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constructing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ship ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shipyard ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :BuildingaWallAroundSomething :ldoce "surround" ; :wnsense "fence in2v", "fence4v", "palisade1v", "surround5v", "wall1v" ; :wordnet "fence", "fence in", "palisade", "surround", "wall" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'BuildingaWallAroundSomething' is an ''EncirclingSomething''Action that creates wall completely or almost completely (with openings) Corrresponds to verb sense 5 of 'surround' in Wordnet: 5. wall, palisade, fence, fence in, surround - (surround with a wall in order to fortify) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EncirclingSomething . :Buildup :wnsense "buildup2n" ; :wordnet "buildup" ; a :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Buildup'' is an ''Accretion'' that is an increase in some number of some object(s) in a defined Location. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'buildup' in WordNet: 2. buildup - (the result of the process of accumulation; 'the buildup of leaves blocked the drain pipes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accretion . :BuiltIn :wnsense "built-in1adj", "inbuilt1adj", "integral1adj" ; :wordnet "built-in", "inbuilt", "integral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of the AttributeValue 'Internal', signifying that the entity characterized is attached to some part of a Structure in such a way that it cannot be moved without detaching it, usually with some tools or by loosening a screw. Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'built in' (as part of a structure) in WordNet: 1. (2) built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, inherent, integral - (existing as an essential constituent or characteristic; 'the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity'; 'a constitutional inability to tell the truth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immobile, :Internal . :Bulb-ThePlantPart :guid "bd58f148-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bulb1n" ; :wordnet "bulb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of parts found in some monocotyledonous plants. Typical elements of #$Bulb-ThePlantPart are found just below the surface of the soil. A plant bulb is NOT a root; rather, it is a very short stem with associated leaf bases that are thick and broad, forming a roundish bulb with many layers of leaf bases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bulb' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bulb - (a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BulbousObject, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Stem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Round ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ellipsoid ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Bulbous :wnsense "bulb-shaped1adj", "bulblike1adj", "bulbous1adj" ; :wordnet "bulb-shaped", "bulblike", "bulbous" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a 3-dimensional round object that is (approximately) concave at all points on the surface and is neither elongated nor has large protrusions. This is an approximate shape applicable to physical objects that will not be geometrically precise, but approximately fit the above geometrical description. This is for things like light light bulbs and tulip bulbs and protrusions on otherwise cylindrical objects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bulbous' in Wordnet: 1. bulblike, bulbous, bulb-shaped - (shaped like a bulb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convex, :Round, :ThreeDimensional . :BulbousObject :en "bulbous object" ; :enn "bulbous object" ; :wnsense "bulb1n" ; :wordnet "bulb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BulbousObject'' is a ''BallLikeObject'' that may be spherical or ellipsoidal and may be free-standing or part of a larger object. This can be used as a reference for things of bulbous shape, such as a ''LightBulbIncandescent'' or a ''Bulb-ThePlantPart'' (such as a tulip bulb). NOTE: Wn does not seem to have a sense of 'bulb' that is generic, but the sense 3 is close but narrower than the intended meaning of this type. Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'bulb' in WordNet: 3. (2) bulb - (a rounded part of a cylindrical instrument (usually at one end); 'the bulb of a syringe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :ConvexTangibleObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bulbous ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :BulbousPlant :wnsense "bulbous plant1n" ; :wordnet "bulbous plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bulbous plant' in WordNet: 1. bulbous plant - (plant growing from a bulb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VascularPlant . :Bulgaria :wnsense "Bulgaria1n" ; :wordnet "Bulgaria" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Bulgaria' in WordNet: 1. (1) Bulgaria, Republic of Bulgaria - (a republic in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe) """ . :Bulky :wnsense "bulky1adj" ; :wordnet "bulky" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bulky'' is a subAttribute of ''Large'' for ''PhysicalObject''s suggesting that the size of the object characterized presents some difficulty in handling or using because of its large size, at least in comparison with other Objects of the same general category. This term is used commonly for items that are difficult to carry or to fit into some space where it will be used. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bulky' in Wordnet: 1. (4) bulky - (of large size for its weight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Large . :Bull :guid "bd588b5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bull1n" ; :wordnet "bull" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A male of the domestic cattle family. Bull elephants and other bulls are categorized separately. See 'Bull-MaleHerdAnimal' SUMO: A Cow that is Male. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bull' in WordNet: 1. (2) bull - (uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bovine, :Bull-MaleHerdAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uncastrated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bull-MaleHerdAnimal :guid "bdfadd4d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bull11n" ; :wordnet "bull" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of male herd animals that can be referred to as #$Bulls, such as #$Elephants, #$Buffalo, etc. The contrast term is #$Cow - thus, a bull X usually implies the existence of cow X (e.g., there are #$Bull #$Elephants and #$Cow #$Elephants). See also #$Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'bull' in WordNet: 11. bull - (mature male of various mammals of which the female is called `cow'; e.g. whales or elephants or especially cattle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerdAnimal, :MaleAnimal . :Bull19470829 :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; a :Bull . :Bulldog :wnsense "English bulldog1n", "bulldog1n" ; :wordnet "English bulldog", "bulldog" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''Dog''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bulldog' in WordNet: 1. bulldog, English bulldog - (a sturdy thickset short-haired breed with a large head and strong undershot lower jaw; developed originally in England for bull baiting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dog . :Bulldozer :guid "bd58ff00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bulldozer1n", "dozer1n" ; :wordnet "bulldozer", "dozer" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of vehicles generally used to move large amounts of earth and other materials for construction projects. Has a strong thick blade in front that allows the Bulldozer to move large quantities of soil. @ToDo: need to create a subtype of ''Blade'' for this. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bulldozer' in WordNet: 1. bulldozer, dozer - (large powerful tractor; a large blade in front flattens areas of ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarthMovingVehicle, :HumanSizedObject, :SinglePurposeDevice, :TrackedVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excavating ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blade ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiggingaTrench ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :Bullet :CYC "ProjectileSlug-Bullet" ; :guid "be3f6007-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bullet" ; :wnsense "bullet1n", "slug1n" ; :wordnet "bullet", "slug" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'ProjectileSlug-Bullet': Every #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet is contained (#$in-Snugly) within some #$ProjectileCasing until fired inside of a gun. Once fired, a detonated explosive within the #$ProjectileCasing causes the #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet to be ejected from the #$ProjectileCasing at high velocity. The word 'bullet' is ambiguous. It sometimes refers to the entire bullet and shell-casing assembly and other times refers to #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet. This sense is for the slug that comes out of the Gun. For the entire assembly ('cartridge') use 'BulletAssembly'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullet' and sense 1 of 'slug' in WordNet: 1. (35) bullet, slug - (a projectile that is fired from a gun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfanArtifact, :ProjectileWeapon-Fired . :BulletAssembly :guid "bed5e753-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bullet" ; :wnsense "cartridge1n" ; :wordnet "cartridge" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A complete bullet before it is fired - shell, powder, casing, slug, primer. For the slug part only use 'Bullet'. COSMO note: in SUMO a 'bullet' is defined as a type of Projectile: 'A Projectile that is designed to be fired by a 'Gun'.' The Cyc and COSMO usage makes clear the distinction between the full assembly and the slug that is propelled; also, 'Gun' in Cyc and COSMO is more general than 'Firearm', including big guns. There appears to be no Wordnet sense of 'bullet' that specifically mentions a bullet assemblyl the word 'cartridge' seems to serve that sense. See 'Bullet' for the WordNet sense of 'bullet' (the projectile part). in WordNet: WN 'cartridge': 1. (7) cartridge - (ammunition consisting of a cylindrical casing containing an explosive charge and a bullet; fired from a rifle or handgun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProjectileShellAssembly, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullet ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :BulletProofVest :isaSynonymOf :ArmoredVest ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A common term for 'ArmoredVest'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Bulletin :wnsense "bulletin1n" ; :wordnet "bulletin" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bulletin'' is a ''NewsReport'' that is short and reports some recent and possibly urgent news.. BUT - 'breaking news' bulletins often deal with trivial and unimportant issues. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bulletin' in WordNet: 1. (2) bulletin - (a brief report (especially an official statement issued for immediate publication or broadcast)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NewsReport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bullfight :guid "bd58e688-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bullfight1n", "corrida1n" ; :wordnet "bullfight", "corrida" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of sports events in which a bull is ritually exercised, and usually killed, by a matador and assistants known as banderilleros and picadores. (Note this represents the Spanish style of bullfighting.) The restrictions specify only the 'Matador' and''Bull''; the other participants, if any in the specific case, can be specified by another ''hasParticipant'' restriction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullfight' in WordNet: 1. bullfight, corrida - (a Spanish or Portuguese or Latin American spectacle; a matador baits and (usually) kills a bull in an arena before many spectators) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSportEvent, :CombatSportsEvent, :DisplayOfSkill, :EntertainmentEvent, :FieldSportsEvent, :MatchSportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullfighting ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Matador ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MatadorAndBull ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bull ; owl:onProperty :isUndesirableTo ] . :Bullfighter :wnsense "bullfighter1n", "toreador1n" ; :wordnet "bullfighter", "toreador" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''Bullfighter'' is any one of the main contestants of the ''Bull'' in a 'Bullfight''. Wikipedia; A bullfighter is a performer in the art of bullfighting. \" Torero \" or \" toureiro \" are the Spanish and Portuguese words for bullfighter and describe all the performers in the sport of bullfighting as practised in Spain, Portugal, Mexico, Peru, France, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and other countries influenced by Portuguese and Spanish culture. The main performer and leader of the entourage in a bullfight, and who finally kills the bull, is addressed as maestro, or with the formal title matador de toros. The other bullfighters in the entourage are called subalternos and their suits are embroidered in silver as opposed to the matador's more-theatrical gold. They include the picadores, rejoneadores, and banderilleros. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullfighter' in WordNet: 1. bullfighter, toreador - (someone who fights bulls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullfight ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullfight ; owl:onProperty :isSkilledAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullfight ; owl:onProperty :wasaCompetitorInCompetition ] . :Bullfighting :wnsense "bullfighting1n", "tauromachy1n" ; :wordnet "bullfighting", "tauromachy" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bullfighting'' is the ''Sport'' whose execution is a ''Bullfight''. See ''Bullfight'' for the Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullfighting' in WordNet: 1. bullfighting, tauromachy - (the activity at a bullfight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullfight ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Bullfrog :guid "bd5891bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Rana catesbeiana1n", "bullfrog1n" ; :wordnet "Rana catesbeiana", "bullfrog" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One species of Frog. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullfrog' in WordNet: 1. bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana - (largest North American frog; highly aquatic with a deep-pitched voice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frog, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bullock :wnsense "bullock2n", "steer2n" ; :wordnet "bullock", "steer" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A castrated ''Bull'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bullock' in WordNet: 2. bullock, steer - (castrated bull) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bull . :Bulls-Eye :wnsense "bull's eye2n", "bull9n" ; :wordnet "bull", "bull's eye" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bulls-Eye'' is the centermost region in a flat circular ''ShootingTarget'' that has several concentric circles, of the type used in the target-shooting games such as Archery, Darts, or firearms shooting. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bull's eye' in WordNet: 2. (2) bull's eye, bull - (the center of a target) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :RelativePoint, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShootingTarget ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :BullsEye :en "bullseye" ; :wnsense "bull's eye1n" ; :wordnet "bull's eye" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BullsEye'' is an individual 'GameScore' in target shooting, where the projectile fired (bullet or arrow or dart) lands in the center of a concentric set of rings that serve as the target. This is used also to mean a hit in the center of any kind of target. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bull's-eye' in WordNet: 1. (13) bull's eye - (in target shooting: a score made by hitting the center of the target; \"in repeated sets of five shots his numbers of bull's-eyes varied\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameScore . :Bully :wnsense "bully1n", "hooligan1n", "roughneck1n", "rowdy1n", "ruffian1n", "tough3n", "yob1n", "yobbo1n", "yobo1n" ; :wordnet "bully", "hooligan", "roughneck", "rowdy", "ruffian", "tough", "yob", "yobbo", "yobo" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bully'' is ''Wrongdoer'' who intimidates another Person NOTE: the WN synset does not seem to fit a schoolyard bully - that needs a different type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bully' in WordNet: 1. (1) bully, tough, hooligan, ruffian, roughneck, rowdy, yob, yobo, yobbo - (a cruel and brutal fellow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wrongdoer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullying ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Bullying :wnsense "ballyrag1v", "boss around1v", "browbeat3v", "bully1v", "bullyrag1v", "hector1v", "push around1v", "strong-arm2v" ; :wordnet "ballyrag", "boss around", "browbeat", "bully", "bullyrag", "hector", "push around", "strong-arm" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Bullying'' is ''IntimidatingaPerson'' performed one-on-one in person by a 'bully'. The term is used in a metaphorical sense for more public actions that might better be referred to as 'attempted intimidation'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bully' in WordNet: 1. strong-arm, bully, browbeat, bullyrag, ballyrag, boss around, hector, push around - (be bossy towards; 'Her big brother always bullied her when she was young') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntimidatingaPerson . :Bumble :wnsense "bumblebee1n", "humblebee1n" ; :wordnet "bumblebee", "humblebee" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bumblebee' in WordNet: 1. (13) bumblebee, humblebee - (robust hairy social bee of temperate regions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hairy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bumper :wnsense "bumper2n" ; :wordnet "bumper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bumper'' is located at the front end and another at the back end of a RoadVehicle. It is designed to protect a vehicle from damage due to collision. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bumper' in WordNet: 2. bumper - (a mechanical device consisting of bars at either end of a vehicle to absorb shock and prevent serious damage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ManufacturedGoods, :MechanicalDevice, :ProtectiveObject, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncurringPhysicalDamage ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :Bunch :ldoce "bunch" ; :wnsense "bunch1n", "cluster1n" ; :wordnet "bunch", "cluster" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bunch'' is a Group of three or more PhysicalObjects, fastened together by some tie, including natra connections, as in a''Bunch'' of bananas or grapes, or . For a 'bunch' that is not connected (such as a 'bunch' of flowers), use the more general ''Cluster''. NOTE that a 'luster' of animals is not a subtype and the animals are not connected together. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'bunch' in RHW: 1. a connected group; cluster: a bunch of grapes. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'bunch' in WordNet: 1. (6) bunch, clump, cluster, clustering - (a grouping of a number of similar things; 'a bunch of trees'; 'a cluster of admirers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cluster . :Bundle :wnsense "bundle2n" ; :wordnet "bundle" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bundle'' is a ''Bunch'' that is part of an ArtifactObject, connected tightly together in some way for a purpose. This is a broad type. This is broader than WN sense 2 of 'bundle' in that the purpose of creating the 'bundle' is anything, and does not **have to be** carrying. It could be decoration. The Objects in the ''Bundle' should be touching each other in some way. For ''Bundle''s that have been tightly compacted use subtype ''Sheaf''. RW: 1.several objects or a quantity of material gathered or bound together: a bundle of hay. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bundle' in WordNet: 2. (4) bundle, sheaf - (a package of several things tied together for carrying or storing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bunch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :BunglingaTask :en "botched job" ; :wnsense "ball up1v", "blooper1n", "blow7v", "blunder1n", "bobble1v", "bodge1v", "bollix up1v", "bollix1v", "bollocks up1v", "bollocks1v", "botch up1v", "botch1n", "botch1v", "bumble1v", "bungle1n", "bungle1v", "flub1n", "flub1v", "fluff1v", "foul up1v", "foul-up1n", "fuck up1v", "fuckup2n", "fumble4v", "louse up1v", "mess up1v", "mishandle1v", "muck up1v", "muff2v", "screw up2v", "spoil1v" ; :wordnet "ball up", "blooper", "blow", "blunder", "bobble", "bodge", "bollix", "bollix up", "bollocks", "bollocks up", "botch", "botch up", "bumble", "bungle", "flub", "fluff", "foul up", "foul-up", "fuck up", "fuckup", "fumble", "louse up", "mess up", "mishandle", "muck up", "muff", "screw up", "spoil" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BunglingaTask'' is a ''Failing'' at a task that should have been successful, and doing it in such a way as to meke performing the task more difficult than it was before the attempt and failure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bungle' in WordNet: 1. botch, bodge, bumble, fumble, botch up, muff, blow, flub, screw up, ball up, spoil, muck up, bungle, fluff, bollix, bollix up, bollocks, bollocks up, bobble, mishandle, louse up, foul up, mess up, fuck up - (make a mess of, destroy or ruin; \"I botched the dinner and we had to eat out\"; \"the pianist screwed up the difficult passage in the second movement\") WN noun 'foul up': 1. blunder, blooper, bloomer, bungle, pratfall, foul-up, fuckup, flub, botch, boner, boo-boo - (an embarrassing mistake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Failure, :MistakenAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncompetentlyPerformed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BunkBed :wnsense "bunk bed1n" ; :wordnet "bunk bed" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bed'' that is composed of more than one sleeping section (having a mattress) that are arranged vertically. Usually two, and upper and lower bunk. This can apply to the whole tier of beds or to only one ('I slept in a bunk bed till I was eight'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bunk bed' in Wordnet: 1. bunk bed, bunk - (beds built one above the other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bed . :Bunker :wnsense "bunker1n", "dugout1n" ; :wordnet "bunker", "dugout" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bunker' in WordNet: 3. bunker, dugout - (a fortification of earth; mostly or entirely below ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fortification, :UndergroundLocation . :Buoy :guid "be00f7bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "buoy1n" ; :wordnet "buoy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A floating marker used to denote points of interest to boaters on a waterway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buoy' in WordNet: 1. buoy - (bright-colored; a float attached by rope to the seabed to mark channels in a harbor or underwater hazards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :HumanAccessibleIBO, :Indicator, :LocationMarker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FloatingOnWater ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :isOnTopOf ] . :Buoyant :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :FloatingEvent ; :wnsense "buoyant1adj", "floaty1adj" ; :wordnet "buoyant", "floaty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'buoyant' in Wordnet: 1. (1) buoyant, floaty - (tending to float on a liquid or rise in air or gas; 'buoyant balloons'; 'buoyant balsawood boats'; 'a floaty scarf') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Light-NotHeavy . :Burden :ldoce "load" ; :wnsense "burden2n", "load1n" ; :wordnet "burden", "load" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object that light enough for a person to carry it, but heavy enough to require significant effort to lift. E.g. a sack of potatoes. Formally, an object that is heavy, but portable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'load' and sense 2 of 'burden' in WordNet: 1. (9) load, loading, burden - (weight to be borne or conveyed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heavy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BurdenOfPunishment :en "burden of punishment" ; :enn "burden of punishment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BurdenOfPunishment'' is a ''Guiltiness'' that makes a Person susceptible to some form of punishment (retribution) for a ''ViolatingAnObligation'' Action. \"obligation\" \"liability\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Guiltiness, :Liability, :NegativeConsequence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViolatingAnObligation ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :BurdenedWithWork :en "burdened with work" ; :enadj "burdened with work" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ChargingSomeoneWithaTask ; :wnsense "burdened1adj" ; :wordnet "burdened" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BurdenedWithWork'' is an attribute of a ''Person'' who was the object of a ''ChargingSomeoneWithaTask'' Action. Corresponds approximately (may not be very 'heavy') to adjective sense 1 of 'burdened' in Wordnet: 1. (1) burdened - (bearing a heavy burden of work or difficulties or responsibilities; 'she always felt burdened by the load of paper work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Bureaucracy :guid "be0b88a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bureaucracy1n" ; :wordnet "bureaucracy" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for an overly 'bureaucratic' Organization or suborganization. This could refer to a Government department or any part of one. For the sense of 'bureaucracy' that is the Group of nonelective officials in a Government, use ''GovernmentBureaucracy''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bureaucracy' in WordNet: 3. bureaucracy - (any organization in which action is obstructed by insistence on unnecessary procedures and red tape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :Bureaucrat :wnsense "administrative official1n", "bureaucrat1n" ; :wordnet "administrative official", "bureaucrat" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bureaucrat'' is a ''GovernmentEmployee'' who has some authority to make or enforce regulations or government policy. NOTE: this is for employees in a ''GovernmentBureaucracy''. Although non-government organizations can be refered to as 'breaucratic', the term 'bueraucrat' is most commonly used for government officials. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bureaucrat' in WordNet: 1. bureaucrat, administrative official - (an official of a bureaucracy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentEmployee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentBureaucracy ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Bureaucratic :pertainsTo :Bureaucracy, :Bureaucrat, :GovernmentBureaucracy ; :wnsense "bureaucratic1adj" ; :wordnet "bureaucratic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bureaucratic'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to ''Bureaucracy'' and the prtotypical attributes and actions of a ''Bureaucracy''. The characteristic of 'breaucratic' behavior is the overly nitpicking or excessively literal-minded application of rules and regulations with little or no concern for the spirit of a law or the justifications for flexible interpretation and application in specific cases. This issue arises from the complexity of society and the frequent unpredictable changes in factors affecting the intent of legislation, making it a practical impossibility for legislators to consider and specify all of the situations that are intended to be covered by the rules they enact, thus requiring them to depend on the flexible and reasonable interpretation of the rules in specific cases. ''bureaucratic'' behavior is the unwillingness of an official to interpret the laws as the legislators would intend, but instead to take an interpretation that is more restrictive and more onerous for the persons affected. RHW 'bureaucratic': of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a bureaucrat or a bureaucracy; arbitrary and routine. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bureaucratic' in Wordnet: 1. (3) bureaucratic - (of or relating to or resembling a bureaucrat or bureaucracy; 'his bureaucratic behavior annoyed his colleagues'; 'a bureaucratic nightmare') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Burgeoning :en "burgeoning" ; :enadj "burgeoning" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BurgeoningEvent ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No sense in WN or RHW for this attribute. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :BurgeoningEvent :wnsense "burgeon1v" ; :wordnet "burgeon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BurgeoningEvent'' is a ''GrowingEvent'' in which the growing occurs more quickly than other Events of similar category, and the thing growing 'thrives' or 'flourishes'. NOTE: needs more examples to determine the nuances of usage. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'burgeon' in WordNet: 1. (3) burgeon - (grow and flourish; 'The burgeoning administration'; 'The burgeoning population') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrowingQuickly, :ThrivingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Burgeoning ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BurgerKing a :RetailStore-ParentCompany . :Burglar :wnsense "burglar1n" ; :wordnet "burglar" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Burglar'' is a Thief (any sex) who has surreptitiously entered a place, usually a building, and steals something from it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burglar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) burglar - (a thief who enters a building with intent to steal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Burglary ] . :Burglary :wnsense "burglary1n" ; :wordnet "burglary" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Burglary'' is a subtype of the more general 'Stealing' in which a person enters a place surreptitiously and steals something from it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burglary' in Wordnet: 1. (2) burglary - (entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal valuable property) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stealing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Burglar ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Burgundy-Wine :guid "bef5b56c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Burgundy wine1n", "Burgundy2n" ; :wordnet "Burgundy", "Burgundy wine" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of Burgundy wine. This wine is named after a province in France, where it is made. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Burgundy' in WordNet: 2. Burgundy, Burgundy wine - (red table wine from the Burgundy region of France (or any similar wine made elsewhere)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RedWine . :BurialGarment :wnsense "burial garment1n" ; :wordnet "burial garment" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BurialGarment'' is a ''ClothCovering'' that is placed over a 'Corpse'' prior to its burial. This is an technique used where the Corpse is not placed in a ''Coffin'' for burial, but drectly into the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burial garment' in WordNet: 1. burial garment - (cloth used to cover a corpse in preparation for burial) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntermentRite ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :BurialVault :wnsense "burial vault1n", "vault1n" ; :wordnet "burial vault", "vault" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BurialVault'' is a ''Sepulcher'' that is built for the purpose of containing a ''Corpse'' with or without a containing coffin. This can be as small as a precast concrete vault placed into a hole in the ground to contain one or two coffins, or as large as a chamber dug into the side of a mountain to hold an Egyptian pharaoh. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burial vault' in WordNet: 1. vault, burial vault - (a burial chamber (usually underground)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Sepulcher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Corpse ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Burka :wnsense "burka1n", "burqa1n" ; :wordnet "burka", "burqa" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Burka'' is a Garment covering the hole body, worn in public by some Muslim women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burka' in WordNet: 1. burqa, burka - (a loose garment (usually with veiled holes for the eyes) worn by Muslim women especially in India and Pakistan; 'the Taliban forced all women to wear the burqa') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :Garment, :ReligiousClothing, :WomensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimWoman ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimWoman ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :BurkinaFaso a :Country . :Burning :wnsense "ablaze2adj", "afire1adj", "aflame2adj", "aflare2adj", "alight1adj", "blazing2adj", "burning4adj", "flaming2adj", "on fire1adj" ; :wordnet "ablaze", "afire", "aflame", "aflare", "alight", "blazing", "burning", "flaming", "on fire" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Burning'' is the attribute of a ''PhysicalObject'' that is currently on fire. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'burning' in Wordnet: 4. (1) ablaze, afire, aflame, aflare, alight, blazing, burning, flaming, on fire - (lighted up by or as by fire or flame; 'forests set ablaze (or afire) by lightning'; 'even the car's tires were aflame'; 'a night aflare with fireworks'; 'candles alight on the tables'; 'blazing logs in the fireplace'; 'a burning cigarette'; 'a flaming crackling fire'; 'houses on fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RedHot . :BurningIncense :wnsense "cense1v", "incense1v", "thurify1v" ; :wordnet "cense", "incense", "thurify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This specific Action is for any form of 'burning' of incense in some container, in order to produce a pleasant fragrance. RHW verb 'incense': 5. to perfume with incense. 6. to burn incense for. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'incense' in WordNet: 1. cense, incense, thurify - (perfume especially with a censer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SettingSomethingOnFire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incense ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incense ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :BurningObject :en "burning object" ; :enn "burning object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BurningObject''' is a ''CombustibleObject'' that is 'on fire' (i.e. performing ''Fire'') NOTE that this is for solid objects. A liquid object urrently on fire would be ''Burning'' but not an instane of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombustibleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Burning ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :BurningPain :ldoce "burn" ; :wnsense "burn1n", "burning2n" ; :wordnet "burn", "burning" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BurningPain' is a pain sensation (PainOrAche) that feels as though the body part is being exposed to fire or intense heat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burn' and sense 2 of 'burning' in WordNet: WN noun 'burn': 1. (1) burn, burning - (pain that feels hot as if it were on fire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PainOrAche . :BurningSpark :ennp "sparks" ; :wnsense "spark6n" ; :wordnet "spark" ; a :EmittableThingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spark' in WordNet: 6. spark - (a small fragment of a burning substance thrown out by burning material or by friction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BurningObject, :Fragment, :Rod, :TinyObject . :Burnt :guid "951e3858-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Charring ; :wnsense "burned6adj", "burnt1adj", "charred1adj" ; :wordnet "burned", "burnt", "charred" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something which is #$Burnt has not yet been destroyed. However a portion of it has been destroyed in a #$CombustionProcess. Note that this is not a #$genls for #$SkinBurn, because most skin burns do not actually involve combustion. Third-degree burns would be both #$SkinBurn and #$Burnt. NOTE: this includes the charred state caused by both intentional (as in cooking) and unintentional (as in a wildfire) ''Charring''. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'burnt' and sense 1 of 'charred' in WordNet: 1. (1) burned, burnt - (ruined by overcooking; 'she served us underdone bacon and burnt biscuits') WN adj 'charred': 1. charred - (having been burned so as to affect color or taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Burping :guid "bd58d092-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "belch1n", "belch1v", "belching2n", "bubble3v", "burp1n", "burp1v", "burping1n", "eruct2v", "eructation2n" ; :wordnet "belch", "belching", "bubble", "burp", "burping", "eruct", "eructation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of expelling gas from the stomach. NOTE: in WN this is an ''InvoluntaryBodyMovement'' - though it is to some extent controlled, it cannot be performed at any time at will, since it depends on stomach condition. Borderline 'involuntary'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'burp' in WordNet: 1. burp, bubble, belch, eruct - (expel gas from the stomach; 'In China it is polite to burp at the table') WN noun 'burp': 1. belch, belching, burp, burping, eructation - (a reflex that expels wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :EmittingStuff, :InvoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StomachGas ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stomach ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmbientAirObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :Burr :wnsense "burr1n" ; :wordnet "burr" ; a :CoveringType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The prickly outer shell of a seed; some may come off the plant and attach to one's clothing while passing by - very annoying. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burr' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bur, burr - (seed vessel having hooks or prickles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FibrousObject, :SeedHusk, :Shell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prickly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prickle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :BurrBit :wnsense "bur2n", "burr5n" ; :wordnet "bur", "burr" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BurrBit'' is the replaceable 'DrillBit' used in a ''DentistsDrill''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'burr' in WordNet: 5. bur, burr - (small bit used in dentistry or surgery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrillBit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillingaTooth ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DentistsDrill ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Bursa :wnsense "bursa2n" ; :wordnet "bursa" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for a 'bursa' inside a joint. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bursa' in WordNet: 2. bursa - (a small fluid-filled sac located between movable parts of the body especially at joints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sac-Organic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalBodyFluid ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Joint-AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Bursary :wnsense "bursary1n" ; :wordnet "bursary" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bursary' in WordNet: 1. bursary - (the treasury of a public institution or religious order) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidAsset . :Bursitis :guid "be562172-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bursitis1n" ; :wordnet "bursitis" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bursitis' in WordNet: 1. (1) bursitis - (inflammation of a bursa; frequently in the shoulder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflammation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bursa ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Burst :ldoce "burst" ; :wnsense "burst3n" ; :wordnet "burst" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sudden, noticeable, and intense increase in some kind of activity. This corresponds to sense 11 of 'burst' in RHW: 11. a sudden, intense display, as of activity, energy, or effort: The car passed us with a burst of speed. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'burst' in WordNet: 3. (1) burst, fit - (a sudden flurry of activity (often for no obvious reason); \"a burst of applause\"; \"a fit of housecleaning\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surge . :Bursting :en "bursting" ; :ldoce "break", "burst" ; :wnsense "break open2v", "break9n", "burst1v", "separate8v", "split5v" ; :wordnet "break", "break open", "burst", "separate", "split" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Bursting is a BreakingEvent in which the containing surface of an object ruptures outward due to excessive internal pressure. The container need not fully surround the object causing the rupture; a dam ruptured by water pressure behind it or a glass burst by freezing water is included in this type; however, this is a subtype of 'Impelling' so at least some part of the objectg that is burst must be forced outward with some velocity to be included in this type. The bursting of a bubble is also included in this type, but should be a subtype. 'The dam burst and the town was flooded.' NORE: @ToDo: Pipes bursting from freezing are not usually impelled, so that kind of rupure should have a separate entry. NOTE that although this sense is more specific than the 'BreakingEvent' in being due to internal pressure and relatively sudden, the more general word 'break' is also sometimes used to indicate this sense 'the bubble broke', 'the dam broke'. So, 'break' is also used here as a label for this specific type of BreakingEvent. Also, 'rupture' may be used: 'the tank ruptured', 'the water pipes froze and ruptured'. NOTE that this type of Event is oftencaused by a 'Explosion', which see. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'burst' in RHW: 1. to break, break open, or fly apart with sudden violence: The bitter cold caused the pipes to burst. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'burst' and part of noun sense 9 of 'break' and part of verb sense 2 of 'break' in WordNet,and part of verb sense 1 of 'rupture' and is a subtype of 'break'. in WordNet: 1. (11) burst, split, break open - (break open or apart suddenly; 'The bubble burst'). WN noun 'break': 9. break - (the occurrence of breaking; 'the break in the dam threatened the valley') WN verb 'rupture': 1. (1) tear, rupture, snap, bust - (separate or cause to separate abruptly; 'The rope snapped'; 'tear the paper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakingEvent, :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion . :BurstingApart :wnsense "burst8v", "bust5v" ; :wordnet "burst", "bust" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BurstingApart'is a 'ComingApart' in which the breaking occurs suddenly. Corresponds to verb sense 8 of 'burst' in WordNet: 8. burst, bust - (break open or apart suddenly and forcefully; 'The dam burst') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComingApart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :suddenly ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :Burundi :wnsense "Burundi1n" ; :wordnet "Burundi" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Burundi' in WordNet: 1. Burundi, Republic of Burundi - (a landlocked republic in east central Africa on the northeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika) """ . :BuryingSomething :guid "c10086b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "burial", "bury" ; :wnsense "burial1n", "bury3v" ; :wordnet "burial", "bury" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Covering something, typically by digging a hole in the ground, putting the object in the hole, and covering it with the dirt that was dug out. Above-ground burials involve piling something on top of the object to be buried, until it is covered. For the burying of a persons body with some form of ceremony use 'IntermentRite'. Corresponds most closely to verb sense 3 of 'bury' and includes noun sense 2 of 'burial' in WordNet, but this COSMO sense includes above-ground covering with soil or similar material: in WordNet: 3. (3) bury - (place in the earth and cover with soil; 'They buried the stolen goods') WN noun 'burial': 2. burying, burial - (concealing something under the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoveringSomething . :Bus :guid "bd58b4bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bus" ; :wnsense "bus1n" ; :wordnet "bus" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Bus-RoadVehicle'. In SUMO called 'Bus' - subtype of 'SelfPoweredRoadVehicle' SUMO: Bus is the subclass of SelfPoweredRoadVehicles that can transport large numbers of passengers (i.e., dozens) at one time. Cyc:A specialization of #$RoadVehicle. Each instance of #$Bus-RoadVehicle is a ground transportation vehicle designed to carry many passengers (instances of #$Bus-RoadVehicle typically have capacities ranging from 20 to 80 passengers). Instances of #$Bus-RoadVehicle are often used as a means of public transportation (see the constant #$PublicTransportationDevice); instances used for public transportation are usually driven by professional drivers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bus' in WordNet: 1. (2) bus, autobus, coach, charabanc, double-decker, jitney, motorbus, motorcoach, omnibus, passenger vehicle - (a vehicle carrying many passengers; used for public transport; 'he always rode the bus to work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicTransportationDevice, :RoadVehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice . :BusDriver :guid "bd590052-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bus driver1n", "busman1n" ; :wordnet "bus driver", "busman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bus driver' in WordNet: 1. busman, bus driver - (someone who drives a bus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Driver-TransportationProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrivingaBus ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :BusStation :guid "1b207ab8-66e7-41d8-9c84-a3c5203204ad" ; :ldoce "station" ; :wnsense "station1n" ; :wordnet "station" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$BusStation is a specialization of #$TransportFacility and #$HumanOccupationConstruct. Each instance of #$BusStation is usually located in some city or town and its primary purpose is to be a place where buses discharge and receive passengers. Part of sense 1 of 'station' in Wordnet: 1. (23) station - (a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose; 'he started looking for a gas station'; 'the train pulled into the station') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :HumanOccupationConstruct, :TransportFacility . :BusStop :guid "c1005288-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "stop" ; :wnsense "bus stop1n", "stop5n" ; :wordnet "bus stop", "stop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An #$PhysicalObjectType. Each instance of #$BusStop is a #$TransportFacility where one #$Bus-RoadVehicle at a time stops to pick up and drop off passengers (usually at predetermined times). Note that each #$BusStation has many #$BusStops as parts. SUMO: An area, often, though not necessarily with seats or some kind of minimal shelter, where people gather to meet and board a bus. It must border a road. Corresponds sense 1 of 'bus stop' and to part of noun sense 5 of 'stop' in WordNet: 1. (1) bus stop - (a place on a bus route where buses stop to discharge and take on passengers) 5. (1) stop - (a spot where something halts or pauses; 'his next stop is Atlanta') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorObject, :StoppingPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Street-RoadwayOnly :Street ) ] ] . :Busbar :ldoce "bus" ; :wnsense "bus3n", "busbar1n" ; :wordnet "bus", "busbar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An electrical component within some electrical device, used to make connections among several input and/or output circuits. RHW: a: (= busbar) : a conductor or an assembly of conductors for collecting electric currents and distributing them to outgoing feeders b : (bus, computer sense) a set of parallel conductors in a computer system that forms a main transmission path Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'busbar' and sense 3 of 'bus' in WordNet: 3. busbar, bus - (an electrical conductor that makes a common connection between several circuits; 'the busbar in this computer can transmit data either way between any two components of the system') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ElectricalConnection, :ManufacturedGoods . :Bush :guid "bd589a2d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bush" ; :wnsense "bush1n", "shrub1n" ; :wordnet "bush", "shrub" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Plant-Woody. Each instance of #$Bush is a woody plant of branching growth habit that lacks a substantial trunk and is not usually taller than an adult person (and is typically re shorter than most specimens of #$Tree-ThePlant). This is a commonsense collection without distinct boundaries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bush' in WordNet: 1. (5) shrub, bush - (a low woody perennial plant usually having several major branches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant-Woody . :Bushy :wnsense "bushy1adj" ; :wordnet "bushy" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bushy'' is an attribute that specifies that some quantity of fibers on a fibrous opbject - usually referring to hair - is denser and longer than the usual density. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bushy' in WordNet: 1. (1) bushy, shaggy, shaggy-haired, shaggy-coated - (used of hair; thick and poorly groomed; 'bushy locks'; 'a shaggy beard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dense . :Busily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Busy ; :wnsense "busily1adv" ; :wordnet "busily" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Busily'' is an AdverbialModifier (adverbial form of ''Busy'') that modifies an Event or Agent that the agent of the action is fully occupied. RHW: 'in a busy manner; actively.' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'busily' in WordNet: 1. (3) busily - (in a busy manner; 'they were busily engaged in buying souvenirs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Business :FIBO "business" ; :guid "bd58d036-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "business" ; :wnsense "business1n" ; :wordnet "business" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Business is any individual, group, or Organization that sells products or provides services for a fee, with the goal of making a profit. For a business that is an ''Organization'' (rather than an individual or small collaborative group with no formal structure) use ''CommercialOrganization''. NOTE: a ''Bsiness'' that is run by a ''NonProfitOrganization'' is itself intended to make a profit to be used by that Oraganization. This may or may not be classified as 'ForProfit'' by the tax code, but is so classified in COSMO. NOTE: A ''Business'' is an ''IntentionalAgent'' which is disjoint with ''Artifact-NonAgentive'', so a 'PlaceOfBusiness'' cannot be in the same hierarchichal line as a ''Busines'. Every business has some customer, or anticipated type of customer. NOTE that this usage differs from CYC, in that a 'Business' is more general than CommercialOrganization, because it can include individuals as well as Organizations. A 'Business' can be large or small,and can be a single worker doing household repair work for hire. It should, however, be sustained long enough to have an expectation of some benefit from word-of-mouth or advertising; a cool-aid stand or hand car wash operated for one day would not be a Business in this sense. A Business can be sold, even if it is operated by a single Person; (the name of the business may be valuable 'goodwill'). Therefore it can be owned, and is a ValuableThing NOTE; a 'Business' in COSMO is not a subtype of Organization, as it can be an unincorporated one-person enterprise. Cyc: A specialization of #$CommercialOrganization (q.v.). Each instance of #$Business is an organization intended to make profits, i.e. to make money for agents who own them. Note that not all #$CommercialOrganizations are #$Businesses. For example, in a franchise #$Organization, while the parent company (see #$parentCompany) is regarded as a business, the sub-organizations are commercial organizations but not businesses. Also, #$Businesses are typically #$LegalAgents, while #$CommercialOrganizations need not be. SUMO: (CommercialAgent) An Agent that provides products and/or services for a fee with the aim of making a profit. #$Business. Corresponds approximately to part of FIBO 'business' (excluding 'economic system', which conflates entities of different types): SKOS def: 'An organization or economic system where goods and services are exchanged for one another or for money. Every business requires some form of investment and enough customers to whom its output can be sold on a consistent basis in order to make a profit. Businesses can be privately owned, not-for-profit or state-owned. An example of a corporate business is PepsiCo, while a mom-and-pop catering business is a private enterprise' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'business' in WordNet: 1. (1268) business, concern, business concern, business organization, business organisation - (a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it; 'he bought his brother's business'; 'a small mom-and-pop business'; 'a racially integrated business concern') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employer, :FunctionalBusinessEntity . :BusinessAsAnActivity :FIBO "commercial activity" ; :ldoce "business" ; :wnsense "business enterprise1n", "business sector1n", "business2n", "business3n", "commerce1n", "commercial enterprise2n", "commercialism1n", "mercantilism2n" ; :wordnet "business", "business enterprise", "business sector", "commerce", "commercial enterprise", "commercialism", "mercantilism" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'BusinessAsAnActivity' is the sum of all 'BusinessOperation's, either in some particular field ('the publishing business') or for all businesses in some area 'business in America' or for all businesses in the whole word;. In linguistic usage, the modfiers will determine the scope of all the business activities intended. For an individual business organization, use 'Business'. 'The business of America is business.' 'BusinessAsAnActivity' will be the intended field of for-profit organizations. Though non-profits my also perform some operations classified as 'CommercialActivity', that will not be thier main purpose. This is the aggregate of all 'CommercialActivity' Events, past, present, and future. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'commercial activity': FIBO scope: 'This is the context which distinguishes \"businesses\" or commercial organizations from organizations in general, the latter including government, trans-national and non profit organizations. Note that these distinctions are usually made with reference to these kinds of context and are not necessarily reflected in the structure of those organizations.' SKOS def: 'The context of carrying out trade and other comercial i.e. for-profit activities.' Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'business' in WordNet: 2. (291) commercial enterprise, business enterprise, business - (the activity of providing goods and services involving financial and commercial and industrial aspects; 'computers are now widely used in business') 3. (177) business, business sector - (business concerns collectively; 'Government and business could not agree') WN noun sense 1 of 'commerce': 1. (10) commerce, commercialism, mercantilism - (transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessOperation, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :BusinessEvent ] . :BusinessCard :wnsense "business card1n" ; :wordnet "business card" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mdern business card. Other types would be different entities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'business card' in WordNet: 1. business card - (a card on which are printed the person's name and business affiliation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CallingCard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Affiliation ; owl:onProperty :hasInformationContent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PositionTitle ; owl:onProperty :hasInformationContent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneNumber ; owl:onProperty :hasInformationContent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EMailAddress ; owl:onProperty :hasInformationContent ] . :BusinessEvent :guid "bd588c38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SocialOccurrence and #$PurposefulAction (qq.v.). Each instance of #$BusinessEvent is a purposeful activity that is closely associated with, and either helps or hinders, the business purpose of some agent. Examples include the development of General Motors' business plan for 2003, an individual sales call on a particular customer, printing the 2003 Yellow Pages directory for the Los Angeles area, selling a newspaper, and designing and manufacturing a new memory chip. Though there is a great deal of overlap between this collection and #$CommercialActivity, they are not the same. Firstly, #$BusinessEvent does not include any purely social or recreational events (whereas a weekend swap-meet, for example, would be an instance of #$CommercialActivity). Secondly, not all activities carried out in pursuit of business interests involve buying or selling (consider head-hunting, for example) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness, :PurposefulAction . :BusinessGoodWill :wnsense "good will2n", "goodwill1n" ; :wordnet "good will", "goodwill" ; a :AssetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A types of acounting 'FinancialAsset' that represents a monetary value of the business advantage of publicity deriving from prior business activity. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'goodwill' in WordNet: 1. good will, goodwill - ((accounting) an intangible asset valued according to the advantage or reputation a business has acquired (over and above its tangible assets)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialAsset, :GoodWill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Corporation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :BusinessManagement :wnsense "management2n" ; :wordnet "management" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BusinessManagement'' is an ''Administration'' that manages a ''CommercialOrganization'' (a subtype of ''Business''). This type can be used to refer to a single Person in control of a business, but it usually refers to a group of people that manages a large Corporation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'management' in WordNet: 2. (8) management - (those in charge of running a business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Administration, :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ManagementEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ; owl:someValuesFrom :CommercialOrganization ] . :BusinessManagementEvent :en "managing a business" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :ManagementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BusinessManagement ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialOrganization ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :BusinessOperation :en "business operation" ; :ldoce "operation" ; :wnsense "operation1n" ; :wordnet "operation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BusinessOperation' is a large-scale business (profit-making) activity engaged in by more than a few people and extending over more than a few days. The scale alone distinguishes this sense from 'Operation', which can involve a small number of people, and a 'BusinessEvent' which can be any activity involving business. A ''BusinessOperation'' is an ''OrganizationAction'' in which some ''CommercialOrganization'' performs its usual activities; also refered to as 'doing business' 'conducting business' or 'operating a business'. This can be for the actions of the business generally, or for some specific subtype of activity performed by a business, including one single Action or a series of Actions with the ''Organization'' as the nominal Agent. An Action of one Person performing an Action as part of a business operation would be a 'subevent' of this type. One subevent: 'running the business' performed by a manager: 4. running - (the act of administering or being in charge of something; 'he has responsibility for the running of two companies at the same time') Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'operation' in WordNet: 1. (439) operation - (a business especially one run on a large scale; 'a large-scale farming operation'; 'a multinational operation'; 'they paid taxes on every stage of the operation'; 'they had to consolidate their operations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessEvent, :Operation, :OrganizationAction, :PerformingSomeAction, :PlannedAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :CommercialOrganization ] . :BusinessPartner :ldoce "partner" ; :wnsense "partner3n" ; :wordnet "partner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BusinessPartner' is a Person who is a member of a formal business 'partnerhip'. members of a Partnership do not necessarily know all of the members of the Partnership, therefore they are not necessarily acquaintances (though they usually are). The term 'Partner' in COSMO is reserved for those who work in close collaboration and know each other. A businessPartner may or may not be a Partner in that sense with other members of the Partnership. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'partner' in WordNet: 3. (1) partner - (a person who is a member of a partnership) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Associate, :ReciprocalRole . :BusinessPerson :guid "c0fcd0ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bourgeois1n", "businessman1n", "businessperson1n" ; :wordnet "bourgeois", "businessman", "businessperson" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$BusinessPerson is someone whose occupation primarily consists in the ownership or operation of a #$Business. SUMO: Any of a class of people in a professional occupation such as banking, finance, management, or engineering. This is distinguished from blue collar jobs that primarily involve manual labor rather than thought as the effort expended to derive remuneration. It is also distinguished from professions that may be outwardly similar but are done in a non-profit organization. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'businessman' and sense 1 of 'businessperson' in WordNet: WN 'businessman' 1. (10) businessman, man of affairs - (a person engaged in commercial or industrial business (especially an owner or executive)) WN 'businessperson': 1. businessperson, bourgeois - - (a capitalist who engages in industrial commercial enterprise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult . :BusinessSubsidiary :wnsense "subsidiary company1n", "subsidiary2n" ; :wordnet "subsidiary", "subsidiary company" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BusinessSubsidiary'' is a ''CommercialOrganization'' that is mostly or wholly owned by a parent ''CommercialOrganization''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'subsidiary' in WordNet: 2. subsidiary company, subsidiary - (a company that is completely controlled by another company) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :CommercialOrganization ] . :BusinessVenture :wnsense "venture3n" ; :wordnet "venture" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BusinessVenture'' is a commercial for-profit ''Venture'', which is often a 'startup' company. Performed by an Organization. NOTE: It may be self-funded but in that case the funding is similar to a loan to the ''Organization''' which can be recovered or at least taken as a tax loss. There is therefore a ''Funder'', as well as the person performing the organizing work. These may count as two agents. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'venture' in WordNet: 3. (1) venture - (a commercial undertaking that risks a loss but promises a profit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialActivity, :Venture . :Bust :wnsense "bust3n" ; :wordnet "bust" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bust' in WordNet: 3. bust - (a sculpture of the head and shoulders of a person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarvedArtwork, :Sculpture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Bustling :isAnAttributeValueOf :OfficeSpace, :OutdoorArea ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :SocialInteraction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Empty ; :wnsense "bustling1adj" ; :wordnet "bustling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Bustling'' is an attribute of Places (''OutdoorArea''s) that have a ''CrowdOfPeople'' who are moving about in a busy energetic manner.. This can be applied to entire cities or to local parts of a settlement, or to some indoor locaations where a number of people may be working together. a 'bustling downtown district'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bustling' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bustling - (full of energetic and noisy activity; 'a bustling city') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crowded . :Busy :en "busy with", "engaged in", "occupied by", "occupied with" ; :guid "60a0fc54-61ce-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; :hasAdverbialForm :Busily ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :IntentionalAgent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :EngagingInAnActivity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unoccupied ; :ldoce "busy" ; :wnsense "busy1adj", "engaged1adj", "occupied4adj" ; :wordnet "busy", "engaged", "occupied" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Busy is an attribute of people (sometimes animals) who are Awake, Active, and fully occupied doing something; if one is polite, one hesitates to interrupt someone who is Busy unless the need is urgent. adv 'busily' NOTE: the 'phone line is busy' sense of 'Busy' is represented by 'InUse'. This merges senses 1 and 2 of 'busy' from Random House Webster: 1' actively and attentively engaged in work or a pastime: busy with her work. 2. not at leisure; otherwise engaged: He couldn't see any visitors because he was busy. Includes to adjective sense 1 of 'busy' and sense 4 in WordNet: 1. (30) busy - (actively or fully engaged or occupied; 'busy with her work'; 'a busy man'; 'too busy to eat lunch'; 'the line is busy') WN adj 'occupied': 4. engaged, occupied - (having ones attention or mind or energy engaged; 'she keeps herself fully occupied with volunteer activities'; 'deeply engaged in conversation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AwakeAndActive . :Butane :guid "07d2431e-eceb-41d6-85e3-d9df2cc24eed" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C4H10 ; :wnsense "butane1n" ; :wordnet "butane" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GaseousSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """C4H10. An alkane with 4 carbon atoms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butane' in WordNet: 1. butane - (occurs in natural gas; used in the manufacture of rubber and fuels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkane . :ButanoicAcid :guid "6d85ed1e-fb50-41d6-95b2-92d2149dd2a3" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C4H9COOH ; :isaComponentSubstanceOf :Butter ; :wnsense "butanoic acid1n", "butyric acid1n" ; :wordnet "butanoic acid", "butyric acid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of samples of butanoic acid; HC4H7O2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butanoic acid' in WordNet: 1. butyric acid, butanoic acid - (an unpleasant smelling fatty acid found especially in butter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicAcid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butter ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ] . :Butanol :guid "6a789292-4426-41d7-9529-e191737da274" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C4H10O ; :mayFillTheRoleOf :Solvent ; :wnsense "butanol1n", "butyl alcohol1n" ; :wordnet "butanol", "butyl alcohol" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butanol' in WordNet: 1. butyl alcohol, butanol - (a flammable alcohol derived from butanes and used for solvents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alcohol . :Butcher :guid "bd58efa8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "butcher1n" ; :wordnet "butcher" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who cuts and prepares meat. In WordNet a 'butcher' is classed as a 'retailer' but this type includes people who are employed as a butcher in some organization, and do not necessarily have their own retail butcher shop. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butcher' in Wordnet: 1. butcher, meatman - (a retailer of meat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Professional-Adult, :TradeWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ; owl:someValuesFrom :Meat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ButcherShop ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butchering ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :ButcherShop :guid "bd58c0ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "butcher shop1n", "meat market1n" ; :wordnet "butcher shop", "meat market" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A local (at one site) organization that performs as its main function selling and cutting up meat for customers in exchange for money. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butcher shop' in WordNet: 1. butcher shop, meat market - (a shop in which meat and poultry (and sometimes fish) are sold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shop, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :sells ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butcher ; owl:onProperty :hasEmployee ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butchering ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Butchering :guid "bd58b09e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "butchering1n", "butchery2n" ; :wordnet "butchering", "butchery" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of butchering events - events in which an animal or animal part (by default, dead and uncooked or uncured or unsmoked or unsalted, etc.) is cut up into pieces. NOTE: in WN the verb 'butcher' has only one meaning - to kill. That is not necessarily part of the function of a ''Butcher', and it is not included in this type. for WN verb 'butcher' see ''SlaughteringAnimals'' in WordNet: 1. (1) butcher, slaughter - (kill (animals) usually for food consumption; \"They slaughtered their only goat to survive the winter\") WN noun sense 1 of 'butchering' in WordNet: 1. butchery, butchering - (the business of a butcher) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingInPieces, :PreparingFoodItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MeatObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butcher ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingMeat ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Butler :guid "bd58fd21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "butler1n" ; :wordnet "butler" ; a :HumanRoleType, :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A male domestic servant who is usually the chief male servant of a family, with charge of serving the food (even if assisted by Maids), and often with other tasks. SUMO: Any ServicePosition where various needs of a person or family are served over a long period of time. Note that these Positions are, by definition, filled only by Women. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'butler' in RHW: the chief male servant of a household, usually in charge of serving food, the care of silverware, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butler' in WordNet: 1. (1) butler, pantryman - - (a manservant (usually the head servant of a household) who has charge of wines and the table) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manservant . :Butt :wnsense "butt end1n", "butt1n" ; :wordnet "butt", "butt end" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Butt'' is the end part of 'HandleStock' on a Rifle. This is narrower than the WN sense. When needed, a sister node can be created for other types of 'butt end'. 'put the butt firmly into the nook of your shoulder if you don't want to get a black eye from the recoil' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butt' in WordNet: 1. (2) butt, butt end - (thick end of the handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RifleStock ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RifleStock ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Butte :guid "ee52c986-24d5-41d7-9a56-82f29f06be4b" ; :wnsense "butte1n" ; :wordnet "butte" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A small, isolated, usually flat-topped hill with steep sides. RHW: an isolated hill or mountain rising abruptly above the surrounding land. NOTE: CYC has a ''Mesa'' categorized as a 'Hill' whereas WN has a ''Butte'' categorized asa flat-topped 'hill'. Perhaps if a ''Mesa'' is small enough to be tought of as a ''Hill'' it would be a ''\"Butte''?? What is the minimum width for a ''Mesa'' and the maximum width for a ''Butte''??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butte' in WordNet: 1. butte - (a hill that rises abruptly from the surrounding region; has a flat top and sloping sides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Isolated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-topped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steep-sided ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Butter :guid "bd58f769-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Spreadable ; :ldoce "butter" ; :wnsense "butter1n" ; :wordnet "butter" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Real Butter, the substance made from milk. The 'made from milk' restriction is inherited from 'DairyProduct'. SUMO: An emulsion of fat which is produced by churning Milk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butter' in WordNet: 1. (4) butter - (an edible emulsion of fat globules made by churning milk or cream; for cooking and table use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DairyProduct, :EdibleFat, :Mixture, :Paste, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spreadable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ButterCookie :wnsense "butter cookie1n" ; :wordnet "butter cookie" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ButterCookie'' - an object, not a substance. Has more than the typical amont of ''Butter'' in it for a ''Cookie''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butter cookie' in WordNet: 1. butter cookie - (cookie containing much butter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cookie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butter ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Butterfat :isaComponentSubstanceOf :Milk ; :wnsense "butterfat1n" ; :wordnet "butterfat" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The fat in Milk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butterfat' in WordNet: 1. (2) butterfat - (the fatty substance of milk from which butter is made) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FattySubstance . :Butterfly :guid "c0fd5e68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "butterfly1n" ; :wordnet "butterfly" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Insect type that includes all life stages of a butterfly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'butterfly' in WordNet: 1. butterfly - - (diurnal insect typically having a slender body with knobbed antennae and broad colorful wings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lepidopteran . :Buttermilk :guid "c100914f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "buttermilk1n" ; :wordnet "buttermilk" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A cultured milk made by adding bacteria to sweet milk. (Originally, the liquid left after butter was made from milk.). RHW 'buttermilk': 1. the more or less acidulous liquid remaining after butter has been separated from milk or cream. 2. a similar liquid made from whole or skim milk with the addition of a bacterial culture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buttermilk' in WordNet: 1. buttermilk - (residue from making butter from sour raw milk; or pasteurized milk curdled by adding a culture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DairyProduct, :LiquidSubstance, :NonAlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milk ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ] . :Buttocks :guid "bd58e10f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAdjacentTo :Waist ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :HumanHip ; :wnsense "arse1n", "ass1n", "backside2n", "behind1n", "bottom1n", "bum4n", "butt4n", "buttocks1n", "derriere1n", "fanny1n", "hindquarters1n", "keister1n", "posterior1n", "rear end1n", "rear4n", "rump1n", "seat2n", "tail4n", "tooshie1n", "tush1n" ; :wordnet "arse", "ass", "backside", "behind", "bottom", "bum", "butt", "buttocks", "derriere", "fanny", "hindquarters", "keister", "posterior", "rear", "rear end", "rump", "seat", "tail", "tooshie", "tush" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The rear fleshey part of the HumanHip, having two 'cheeks'. The part of the body that a perspon 'sits' on. CYC: An instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType and a specialization of #$ExternalAnatomicalPart. Each instance of #$Buttocks is a fleshy, bisected protuberance located just below the lower back of an animal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buttocks' in WordNet: 1. (1) buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum, buns, can, fundament, hindquarters, hind end, keister, posterior, prat, rear, rear end, rump, stern, seat, tail, tail end, tooshie, tush, bottom, behind, derriere, fanny, ass - (the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on; 'he deserves a good kick in the butt'; 'are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanHip ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Button :guid "bd58db89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :Garment ; :ldoce "button" ; :wnsense "button1n" ; :wordnet "button" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Buttons on cloth or leather which have corresponding holes. They are usually round, but not always, so that is not a necessary property. Can be of plastic, bone, ivory, or any rigid solid material. For buttons that activate devices use ''ControlButton''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'button' in WordNet: 1. (8) button - (a round fastener sewn to shirts and coats etc to fit through buttonholes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Garment ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buttoning ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ButtonHole :wnsense "buttonhole1n" ; :wordnet "buttonhole" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ButtonHole'' is a small ''Slit'' in some ''FabricObject'' that is designed and located to function together with a ''Button'' that is inserted into it in an act of ''Buttoning'', and to hold that button, which serves as a ''Fastener'' for two pieces of fabric.. It 'holds' the button even though the ''Button''is not within the ''ButtonHole\" (the thread is) when it is holding the button. But it *retains* the button and prevents it from moving away from the ''Buttonole''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buttonhole' in WordNet: 1. buttonhole, button hole - (a hole through which buttons are pushed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Slit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :FabricObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Button ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buttoning ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Buttoning :ldoce "connect" ; :wnsense "button2v" ; :wordnet "button" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Buttoning'' is a ''Fastening'' Action in which some Agent uses one or more ''ButtonTheFastener''s to connect two pieces of fabric (or two parts of one piece of fabric) by inserting the button into a corresponding small slit (''Buttonhole'') in the second piece.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'button' in WordNet: 2. button - (fasten with buttons; 'button the dress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Button ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :FabricObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Button ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ButtonHole ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :ButtoningUp :en "button up" ; :ldoce "connect" ; :wnsense "button2v" ; :wordnet "button" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ButtoningUp'' is a ''Buttoning'' Action in which some Agent uses at least two ''ButtonTheFastener''s in a row (a ''RowOfButtons'') to connect two pieces of fabric (or two parts of one piece of fabric) by inserting the buttons into a corresponding small slit (''Buttonhole'') in the second piece.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'button' in WordNet: 2. button - (fasten with buttons; 'button the dress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Button ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :FabricObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Button ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RowOfButtons ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ButtonHole ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Buyer :wnsense "buyer1n", "emptor1n", "purchaser1n", "vendee1n" ; :wordnet "buyer", "emptor", "purchaser", "vendee" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Buyer'' is an agent that buys something - goods or services - from another agent, whether an individual or a Business. This type includes individuals, groups, organizations - any IntelligentAgent. One who buys from a business is usually classified as the subtype ''Customer''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buyer' in Wordnet: 1. (1) buyer, purchaser, emptor, vendee - (a person who buys) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :LegalAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Buying ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConverseCorrelatedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :Vendor ) ] ] . :Buying :en "buying", "purchasing" ; :guid "bd58cbda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "buy" ; :wnsense "buy1v", "purchase1n", "purchase1v" ; :wordnet "buy", "purchase" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO both 'Buying' and 'Selling' are represented as separate Events, though they are different views of the same Event. This allows one to specify the Buyer as the Agent on a Buying and the seller as an Agent in the selling, not requiring multiple arity relations. Buying can be a purchase of goods or services. Cyc: A specialization of #$ExchangeOfUserRights and #$BuyingActivity. Each instance of #$Buying is an event in which an agent (the #$buyer) voluntarily pays (or agrees to pay later) for goods or services provided by another agent (the #$seller). A buying event might include subevents of negotiating, paying, and the transferring of the purchased thing to the buyer. Examples of #$Buying include: purchasing fighter jets for the Navy; buying a Pepsi from a vending machine; ordering dinner at a restaurant; acquiring a life insurance policy for oneself; mail-ordering clothes from Sears; shopping at a farmers' market. #$Buying is *not* a specialization of #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights, since there need not be any money exchanged in the actual #$Buying event; consider, e.g., a #$CreditSale. COSMO note: for buying events in which cash passes hands, see 'CashBuying'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'buy' and verb sense 1 of 'purchase' and noun sense 1 of 'purchase' in WordNet: 1. (594) buy, purchase - (obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction; 'The family purchased a new car'; 'The conglomerate acquired a new company'; 'She buys for the big department store') WN noun 'purchase': 1. (8) purchase - (the acquisition of something for payment; 'they closed the purchase with a handshake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuyingRelatedActivity, :Obtaining, :Transaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Selling ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Selling ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPaid ; owl:someValuesFrom :ValuableThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Purchase ] . :BuyingRealEstate :ldoce "buy" ; :wnsense "buy1v" ; :wordnet "buy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BuyingRealEstate'' is a subtype of 'Buying' where the thing bought is ''RealEstate'', whether developed (having structures) or undeveloped land. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Buying, :MoneyTransaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPaid ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :RealEstate ] . :BuyingRelatedActivity :guid "bd588f8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc 'BuyingActivity' - potentially misleading. Cyc: A specialization of #$SelectingSomething and #$CommercialActivity. #$BuyingActivity is a collection of events that are very generally related to purchasing goods or services. Each instance of #$BuyingActivity is an event that is either (i) a common prelude to buying (i.e., the kinds of activities that contribute to their doers becoming buyers), or (ii) an instance of #$Buying itself. Examples of #$BuyingActivity include shopping for, or ordering, something very specific, and also general expressions of interest in purchasing something, such as placing an 'Item Wanted' ad in a newspaper.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialActivity . :Buyout :wnsense "buyout1n" ; :wordnet "buyout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Buyout'' 'Obtaining' is an Action in which an Agent acquires and owns some tangible property or a valuable ''Right''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buyout' in WordNet: 1. buyout - (acquisition of a company by purchasing a controlling percentage of its stock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcquisitionOfProperty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Property :Right :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingInterest ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingaCorporation ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Buzzer :wnsense "buzzer2n" ; :wordnet "buzzer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Buzzer'' is the Device that produces a ''BuzzingSound''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'buzzer' in WordNet: 2. buzzer - (a signaling device that makes a buzzing sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SignalingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buzzing ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buzzing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BuzzingSound ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ] . :Buzzing :wnsense "bombilate1v", "bombinate1v", "buzz1v" ; :wordnet "bombilate", "bombinate", "buzz" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Buzzing'' represents the Action of making a sound like a 'buzz'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'buzz' in WordNet: 1. (4) buzz, bombinate, bombilate - (make a buzzing sound; 'bees were buzzing around the hive') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BuzzingSound ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :BuzzingSound :wnsense "bombilation1n", "bombination1n", "buzz1n" ; :wordnet "bombilation", "bombination", "buzz" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BuzzingSound'' is a sound like that of a large ''Bee' flying nearby, but can be much louder. This is also the sound of a 'buzzer' device used as a signal. IT also is a sound that ay be made by any of a number of devices, when working properly or malfunctioning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'buzz' in WordNet: 1. (1) buzz, bombilation, bombination - (sound of rapid vibration; 'the buzz of a bumble bee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buzzing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :By-adv :wnsense "by1adj", "past1adv" ; :wordnet "by", "past" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''By'' is an adverb typically modifying a past tense verb of motion to ndicate that the agent of the motion went past the point modfied by the 'by'. For the preposition 'by' see ''by''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'by' in Wordnet: 1. (2) by, past - (so as to pass a given point; 'every hour a train goes past') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :ByProduct :en "side product" ; :enn "side product" ; :wnsense "by-product2n", "byproduct2n" ; :wordnet "by-product", "byproduct" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the term 'side product' is commonly used to refer to a chemical substance produced in the course of a reaction that produces a desired substance. A'side-product' is not necesarily undesirable, and may have its own utility. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'by-product' in WordNet: 2. (2) by-product, byproduct, spin-off - (a product made during the manufacture of something else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProductObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exporting ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ] . :Bye :en "bye" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The utterance of the interjection ''Bye'', a shortened form of 'good bye', wishing another person well as they part.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection . :Byplay :wnsense "business8n", "byplay1n", "stage business1n" ; :wordnet "business", "byplay", "stage business" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'byplay' in WordNet: 1. business, stage business, byplay - (incidental activity performed by an actor for dramatic effect; 'his business with the cane was hilarious') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaticActing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DramaticActing ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Byte :isLargerBy8than :Bit ; :wnsense "byte1n" ; :wordnet "byte" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One Byte of information. A Byte is eight Bits. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'byte' in WordNet: 1. byte - (a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single unit of information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationMeasure . :C-Clamp :wnsense "C-clamp1n" ; :wordnet "C-clamp" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''C-Clamp'' is a metallic ''Clamp'' with the main body in the shape of a 'C' and having a screwed rod inserted in one end of the 'C', allowing the rod to hold onto an abject between the endsd of the 'C', or to hold two objects together between the ends of the 'C' when the screw is tighted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'C-clamp' in WordNet: 1. C-clamp - (a clamp in the shape of the letter C) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clamp, :MechanicalDevice . :CARD_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for Cardinality values. A Cardinality of 'CARD_N' is equivalent to a measure of {N elements} where 'elements' is the UnitOfMeasure for cardinalities. Every instance of Pair would have a cardinality of 'CARD_2'. The bare number may be used for a Cardinality if the datatype relation 'hasCardinalityNumber' is used instead of 'hasCardinality'""" . :CARD_1 :hasNumericalValue "1"^^xsd:float ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; a :CardinalityValue . :CARD_2 :hasNumericalValue "2"^^xsd:float ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :CardinalityValue . :CARD_3 :hasNumericalValue "3"^^xsd:float ; :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; a :CardinalityValue . :CARD_4 :hasNumericalValue "4"^^xsd:float ; :hasQuantifier :N_4 ; a :CardinalityValue . :CC2_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment "The prefix used in front of two-character ISO3166 country codes." . :CC2_AA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AA" ; :representsInstance :Aruba ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AD :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AD" ; :representsInstance :Andorra ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AE" ; :representsInstance :UnitedArabEmirates ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AF :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AF" ; :representsInstance :Afghanistan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AG" ; :representsInstance :AntiguaAndBarbuda ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AL :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AL" ; :representsInstance :Albania ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AM" ; :representsInstance :Armenia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AN" ; :representsInstance :NetherlandsAntilles ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AO" ; :representsInstance :Angola ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AQ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AQ" ; :representsInstance :Antarctica ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AR" ; :representsInstance :Argentina ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AS :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AS" ; :representsInstance :AmericanSamoa ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AT" ; :representsInstance :Austria ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AU" ; :representsInstance :Australia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_AZ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "AZ" ; :representsInstance :Azerbaijan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_Av :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "Av" ; :representsInstance :Anguilla ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BA" ; :representsInstance :BosniaAndHerzegovina ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BB :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BB" ; :representsInstance :Barbados ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BD :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BD" ; :representsInstance :Bangladesh ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BE" ; :representsInstance :Belgium ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BF :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BF" ; :representsInstance :BurkinaFaso ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BG" ; :representsInstance :Bulgaria ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BH :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BH" ; :representsInstance :Bahrain ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BI :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BI" ; :representsInstance :Burundi ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BJ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BJ" ; :representsInstance :Benin ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BM" ; :representsInstance :Bermuda ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BN" ; :representsInstance :BruneiDarussalam ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BO" ; :representsInstance :Bolivia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BR" ; :representsInstance :Brazil ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BS :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BS" ; :representsInstance :Bahamas ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BT" ; :representsInstance :Bhutan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BV :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BV" ; :representsInstance :BouvetIsland ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BW :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BW" ; :representsInstance :Botswana ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BY :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BY" ; :representsInstance :Belarus ; a :CodeString . :CC2_BZ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "BZ" ; :representsInstance :Belize ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CA" ; :representsInstance :Canada ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CB :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CB" ; :representsInstance :Cambodia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CC :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CC" ; :representsInstance :Cocos-KeelingIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CD :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CD" ; :representsInstance :Congo-DemocraticRepublic ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CF :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CF" ; :representsInstance :CentralAfricanRepublic ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CG" ; :representsInstance :Congo ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CH :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CH" ; :representsInstance :Switzerland ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CI :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CI" ; :representsInstance :IvoryCoast ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CK :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CK" ; :representsInstance :CookIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CL :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CL" ; :representsInstance :Chile ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CM" ; :representsInstance :Cameroon ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CN" ; :representsInstance :China ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CO" ; :representsInstance :Colombia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CR" ; :representsInstance :CostaRica ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CS :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CS" ; :representsInstance :Czechoslovakia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CU" ; :representsInstance :Cuba ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CV :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CV" ; :representsInstance :CapeVerde ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CX :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CX" ; :representsInstance :ChristmasIsland ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CY :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CY" ; :representsInstance :Cyprus ; a :CodeString . :CC2_CZ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "CZ" ; :representsInstance :CzechRepublic ; a :CodeString . :CC2_DE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "DE" ; :representsInstance :Germany ; a :CodeString . :CC2_DJ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "DJ" ; :representsInstance :Djibouti ; a :CodeString . :CC2_DK :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "DK" ; :representsInstance :Denmark ; a :CodeString . :CC2_DM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "DM" ; :representsInstance :Dominica ; a :CodeString . :CC2_DO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "DO" ; :representsInstance :DominicanRepublic ; a :CodeString . :CC2_DZ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "DZ" ; :representsInstance :Algeria ; a :CodeString . :CC2_EC :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "EC" ; :representsInstance :Ecuador ; a :CodeString . :CC2_EE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "EE" ; :representsInstance :Estonia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_EG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "EG" ; :representsInstance :Egypt ; a :CodeString . :CC2_EH :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "EH" ; :representsInstance :WesternSahara ; a :CodeString . :CC2_ER :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "ER" ; :representsInstance :Eritrea ; a :CodeString . :CC2_ES :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "ES" ; :representsInstance :Spain ; a :CodeString . :CC2_ET :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "ET" ; :representsInstance :Ethiopia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_FI :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "FI" ; :representsInstance :Finland ; a :CodeString . :CC2_FJ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "FJ" ; :representsInstance :Fiji ; a :CodeString . :CC2_FK :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "FK" ; :representsInstance :FalklandIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_FM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "FM" ; :representsInstance :Micronesia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_FO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "FO" ; :representsInstance :FaroeIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_FR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "FR" ; :representsInstance :France ; a :CodeString . :CC2_FX :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "FX" ; :representsInstance :France-Metropolitan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GA" ; :representsInstance :Gabon ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GB :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GB" ; :representsInstance :Greece ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GD :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GD" ; :representsInstance :Grenada ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GE" ; :representsInstance :Georgia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GF :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GF" ; :representsInstance :FrenchGuiana ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GH :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GH" ; :representsInstance :Ghana ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GI :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GI" ; :representsInstance :Gibraltar ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GL :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GL" ; :representsInstance :Greenland ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GM" ; :representsInstance :Gambia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GN" ; :representsInstance :Guinea ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GP :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GP" ; :representsInstance :Guadeloupe ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GQ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GQ" ; :representsInstance :EquatorialGuinea ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GR" ; :representsInstance :GreatBritain ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GS :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GS" ; :representsInstance ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GT" ; :representsInstance :Guatemala ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GU" ; :representsInstance :Guam ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GW :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GW" ; :representsInstance :Guinea-Bissau ; a :CodeString . :CC2_GY :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "GY" ; :representsInstance :Guyana ; a :CodeString . :CC2_HK :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "HK" ; :representsInstance :HongKong ; a :CodeString . :CC2_HM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "HM" ; :representsInstance :HeardAndMcDonaldIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_HN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "HN" ; :representsInstance :Honduras ; a :CodeString . :CC2_HR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "HR" ; :representsInstance :Croatia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_HT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "HT" ; :representsInstance :Haiti ; a :CodeString . :CC2_HU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "HU" ; :representsInstance :Hungary ; a :CodeString . :CC2_ID :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "ID" ; :representsInstance :Indonesia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_IE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "IE" ; :representsInstance :Ireland ; a :CodeString . :CC2_IL :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "IL" ; :representsInstance :Israel ; a :CodeString . :CC2_IN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "IN" ; :representsInstance :India ; a :CodeString . :CC2_IO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "IO" ; :representsInstance :BritishIndianOceanTerritory ; a :CodeString . :CC2_IQ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "IQ" ; :representsInstance :Iraq ; a :CodeString . :CC2_IR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "IR" ; :representsInstance :Iran ; a :CodeString . :CC2_IS :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "IS" ; :representsInstance :Iceland ; a :CodeString . :CC2_IT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "IT" ; :representsInstance :Italy ; a :CodeString . :CC2_JM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "JM" ; :representsInstance :Jamaica ; a :CodeString . :CC2_JO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "JO" ; :representsInstance :Jordan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_JP :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "JP" ; :representsInstance :Japan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KE" ; :representsInstance :Kenya ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KG" ; :representsInstance :Kyrgyzstan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KH :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KH" ; :representsInstance :Cambodia-Internet ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KI :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KI" ; :representsInstance :Kiribati ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KM" ; :representsInstance :Comoros ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KN" ; :representsInstance :SaintKittsAndNevis ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KP :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KP" ; :representsInstance :Korea-North ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KR" ; :representsInstance :Korea-South ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KW :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KW" ; :representsInstance :Kuwait ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KY :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KY" ; :representsInstance :CaymanIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_KZ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "KZ" ; :representsInstance :Kazakhstan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LA" ; :representsInstance :Laos ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LB :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LB" ; :representsInstance :Lebanon ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LC :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LC" ; :representsInstance :SaintLucia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LI :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LI" ; :representsInstance :Liechtenstein ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LK :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LK" ; :representsInstance :SriLanka ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LR" ; :representsInstance :Liberia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LS :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LS" ; :representsInstance :Lesotho ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LT" ; :representsInstance :Lithuania ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LU" ; :representsInstance :Luxembourg ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LV :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LV" ; :representsInstance :Latvia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_LY :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "LY" ; :representsInstance :Libya ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MA" ; :representsInstance :Morocco ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MC :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MC" ; :representsInstance :Monaco ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MD :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MD" ; :representsInstance :Moldova ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MG" ; :representsInstance :Madagascar ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MH :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MH" ; :representsInstance :MarshallIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MK :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MK" ; :representsInstance :Macedonia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_ML :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "ML" ; :representsInstance :Mali ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MM" ; :representsInstance :Myanmar ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MN" ; :representsInstance :Mongolia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MO" ; :representsInstance :Macau ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MP :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MP" ; :representsInstance :NorthernMarianaIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MQ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MQ" ; :representsInstance :Martinique ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MR" ; :representsInstance :Mauritania ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MS :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MS" ; :representsInstance :Montserrat ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MT" ; :representsInstance :Malta ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MU" ; :representsInstance :Mauritius ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MV :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MV" ; :representsInstance :Maldives ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MW :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MW" ; :representsInstance :Malawi ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MX :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MX" ; :representsInstance :Mexico ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MY :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MY" ; :representsInstance :Malaysia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_MZ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "MZ" ; :representsInstance :Mozambique ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NA" ; :representsInstance :Namibia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NC :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NC" ; :representsInstance :NewCaledonia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NE" ; :representsInstance :Niger ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NF :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NF" ; :representsInstance :NorfolkIsland ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NG" ; :representsInstance :Nigeria ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NI :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NI" ; :representsInstance :Nicaragua ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NL :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NL" ; :representsInstance :Netherlands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NO" ; :representsInstance :Norway ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NP :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NP" ; :representsInstance :Nepal ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NR" ; :representsInstance :Nauru ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NT" ; :representsInstance :NeutralZone ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NU" ; :representsInstance :Niue ; a :CodeString . :CC2_NZ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "NZ" ; :representsInstance :NewZealand ; a :CodeString . :CC2_OM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "OM" ; :representsInstance :Oman ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PA" ; :representsInstance :Panama ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PE" ; :representsInstance :Peru ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PF :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PF" ; :representsInstance :FrenchPolynesia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PG" ; :representsInstance :PapuaNewGuinea ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PH :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PH" ; :representsInstance :Philippines ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PK :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PK" ; :representsInstance :Pakistan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PL :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PL" ; :representsInstance :Poland ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PM" ; :representsInstance ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PN" ; :representsInstance :Pitcairn ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PR" ; :representsInstance :PuertoRico ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PT" ; :representsInstance :Portugal ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PW :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PW" ; :representsInstance :Palau ; a :CodeString . :CC2_PY :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "PY" ; :representsInstance :Paraguay ; a :CodeString . :CC2_QA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "QA" ; :representsInstance :Qatar ; a :CodeString . :CC2_RE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "RE" ; :representsInstance :Reunion ; a :CodeString . :CC2_RO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "RO" ; :representsInstance :Romania ; a :CodeString . :CC2_RU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "RU" ; :representsInstance :RussianFederation ; a :CodeString . :CC2_RW :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "RW" ; :representsInstance :Rwanda ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SA" ; :representsInstance :SaudiArabia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SC :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SC" ; :representsInstance :Seychelles ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SD :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SD" ; :representsInstance :Sudan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SE" ; :representsInstance :Sweden ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SG" ; :representsInstance :Singapore ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SH :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SH" ; :representsInstance ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SI :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SI" ; :representsInstance :Slovenia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SJ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SJ" ; :representsInstance :SvalbardAndJanMayenIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SK :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SK" ; :representsInstance :SlovakRepublic ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SL :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SL" ; :representsInstance :SierraLeone ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SM" ; :representsInstance :SanMarino ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SN" ; :representsInstance :Senegal ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SO" ; :representsInstance :Somalia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SR" ; :representsInstance :Suriname ; a :CodeString . :CC2_ST :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "ST" ; :representsInstance :SaoTomeAndPrincipe ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SU" ; :representsInstance :USSR ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SV :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SV" ; :representsInstance :ElSalvador ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SY :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SY" ; :representsInstance :Syria ; a :CodeString . :CC2_SZ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "SZ" ; :representsInstance :Swaziland ; a :CodeString . :CC2_Sb :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "Sb" ; :representsInstance :SolomonIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TC :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TC" ; :representsInstance :TurksAndCaicosIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TD :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TD" ; :representsInstance :Chad ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TF :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TF" ; :representsInstance :FrenchSouthernTerritories ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TG" ; :representsInstance :Togo ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TH :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TH" ; :representsInstance :Thailand ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TJ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TJ" ; :representsInstance :Tajikistan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TK :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TK" ; :representsInstance :Tokelau ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TM" ; :representsInstance :Turkmenistan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TN" ; :representsInstance :Tunisia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TO" ; :representsInstance :Tonga ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TP :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TP" ; :representsInstance :EastTimor ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TR" ; :representsInstance :Turkey ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TT" ; :representsInstance :TrinidadAndTobago ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TV :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TV" ; :representsInstance :Tuvalu ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TW :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TW" ; :representsInstance :Taiwan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_TZ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "TZ" ; :representsInstance :Tanzania ; a :CodeString . :CC2_UA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "UA" ; :representsInstance :Ukraine ; a :CodeString . :CC2_UG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "UG" ; :representsInstance :Uganda ; a :CodeString . :CC2_UK :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "UK" ; :representsInstance :UnitedKingdom ; a :CodeString . :CC2_UM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "UM" ; :representsInstance :US_MinorOutlyingIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_US :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "US" ; :representsInstance :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :CodeString . :CC2_UY :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "UY" ; :representsInstance :Uruguay ; a :CodeString . :CC2_UZ :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "UZ" ; :representsInstance :Uzbekistan ; a :CodeString . :CC2_VA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "VA" ; :representsInstance :VaticanCityState ; a :CodeString . :CC2_VC :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "VC" ; :representsInstance :SaintVincentAndTheGrenadines ; a :CodeString . :CC2_VE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "VE" ; :representsInstance :Venezuela ; a :CodeString . :CC2_VG :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "VG" ; :representsInstance :VirginIslands-British ; a :CodeString . :CC2_VI :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "VI" ; :representsInstance ; a :CodeString . :CC2_VN :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "VN" ; :representsInstance :Vietnam ; a :CodeString . :CC2_VU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "VU" ; :representsInstance :Vanuatu ; a :CodeString . :CC2_WF :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "WF" ; :representsInstance :WallisAndFutunaIslands ; a :CodeString . :CC2_WS :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "WS" ; :representsInstance :Samoa ; a :CodeString . :CC2_YE :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "YE" ; :representsInstance :Yemen ; a :CodeString . :CC2_YT :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "YT" ; :representsInstance :Mayotte ; a :CodeString . :CC2_YU :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "YU" ; :representsInstance :Yugoslavia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_ZA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "ZA" ; :representsInstance :SouthAfrica ; a :CodeString . :CC2_ZM :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "ZM" ; :representsInstance :Zambia ; a :CodeString . :CC2_ZR :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "ZR" ; :representsInstance :Zaire ; a :CodeString . :CC2_ZW :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes2 ; :representsCode "ZW" ; :representsInstance :Zimbabwe ; a :CodeString . :CC3_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment "The prefix used in front of three-character ISO3166 country codes." . :CC3_USA :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :InternationalStandardsOrganization ; :isPartOfCodeList :ISO3166CountryCodes3 ; :representsCode "USA"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :CodeString . :CCN_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment "The prefix used in front of ISO3166 numerical country codes." . :CD-Physical :wnsense "CD4n", "compact disc1n", "compact disk1n" ; :wordnet "CD", "compact disc", "compact disk" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of a Compact Disk, the physical object, not the informational content. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compact disk' in WordNet: 1. compact disk, compact disc, CD - (a digitally encoded recording on an optical disk that is smaller than a phonograph record; played back by a laser) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalDisk . :CEL_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used in the terms that label a CellPhoneNumber. The prefix 'CEL_' rather than 'CELL' is used to avoid confusion with biological cells.""" . :CGSUnitOfMeasure :guid "bd589a3d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InternationalUnitOfMeasure and an instance of #$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem-Coherent. Each instance of #$CGSUnitOfMeasure is a #$UnitOfMeasure which is part of the (obsolete) CGS system of measurement. As its name suggests, CGS has three base units (see #$CGSUnitOfMeasure-Base): (#$Centi #$Meter), #$Gram, and #$SecondsDuration. Derived units are those that can be defined algebraically from the base units or obtained by adding a #$MetricUnitPrefix to a CGS #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix. Some instances of #$CGSUnitOfMeasure are #$CentimetersPerSecond, #$Barye-UnitOfPressure, and #$Poise-UOM. Some non-instances are #$Kilometer, #$MetersPerSecond, and #$Pascal-UnitOfPressure.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :CHEM_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for the chemical symbols of elements and compounds (i.e. chemical formulas, which are not necessarily unique for each compound). The chemical symbol for Ethyl alcohol, for example, can be represented as 'CHEM_C2H5OH' or 'CHEM_C2H6O', though the former contains more information; and water would be 'CHEM_H2O'. Elements that have symbols similar to other words can be unambiguously represented this way, such as 'CHEM_At' for Astatine.""" . :CHEM_Al2O3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_Al2SiO4_OH-F-_2 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_BaNO3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_BaSO4 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C-O-C a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C16H13ClN2O a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C17H23NO3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C21H28O5 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C2H4 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C2H6 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C3H8 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C4H10 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C4H10O a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C4H9COOH a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C5H10O5 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C5H12 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C6H12O6 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C6H14 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C6H5CH3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C6H5CHCH2 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C6H5COO-OOC6H5 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C6H6 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C6H7N a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C7H5NO3S a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C7H6O2 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C8H18 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C9H13N a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_C9H8O4 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CH2OHCHOHCH2OH a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CH3-NO3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CH3CH2OH a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CH3COCH3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CH3COOH a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CH4 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CHCl3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CO2 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CaCO3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CaF2 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CaO a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CaO2H2 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_CaSO4 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_Fe a :AtomicSymbol . :CHEM_H2NOH a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_H2O a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_H2S a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_HCN a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_HF a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_HO-OH a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_K2CO3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_KOH a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_NH2-CO-NH2 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_NH3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_NO3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_NO3- a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_Na2_B4O5-OH-4_8H2O a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_NaCl a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_NaHCO3 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_NaOH a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_RCOOH a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_SiO2 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_SnO2 a :ChemicalFormula . :CHEM_ZnO a :ChemicalFormula . :CN a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used in the terms that label a CodeNumber. For example, the code number '0' (which is often used in database tables) would be named 'CN0'. This code prefix is not strictly a CodeListPrefix, but is created here as a means to reserve that string for use in CodeNumbers, and avoid accidental confusion with a CodeListPrefix having those characters.""" . :COSMO :hasLastEditDate :DTGp20190317 ; :hasTopic :Communication ; :wasCreatedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :FictionalContext, :Ontology ; rdfs:comment """The Common Semantic Model, which is this ontology. It is labeled as an instance of a FictionalContext so as to allow the inclusion of made-up ('Fictional') instances of entities to test the logic and consistency of the ontology. """ . :COSMO_WorkingGroup :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :CodingAuthority, :GroupOfPeople ; rdfs:comment """The COSMO Working Group, organized to create the COSMO. Since the COSMO contains CodeLists, it is a 'CodingAuthority'.""" . :COSMOaxiom a :AbstractObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''COSMOaxiom'' is an ''Axiom'' that is a ''LinguisticAssertion'' in the IF-THEN format that uses only logical functions (FORALL, THEREEXISTS, AND, OR,NOT) to assert an axiom in some theory (not to query the ontology). The theory can be this foundation ontology (COSMO) itself. This type allows full FOL assertions to be represented, although they will not be interpreted as FOL with any of the reasoners used in OWL. This provides a place to put FOL assertions for later conversion when an FOL version of the ontology is created. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Axiom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :COSMO ; owl:onProperty :holdsInContext ] . :COVID-19_Infection :en "COVID-19 virus", "SARS-CoV-2" ; :enn "COVID-19 virus", "SARS-CoV-2" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''COVID-19_Infection'' is a respiratory viral infection, similar to but more lethal than ''Influenza'', caused by infection with the ''CoronaVirusCOVID-19'' virus. It was first observed in the city of Wuhan, in China, in late 2019, and spread around the world in 2020. It has some similarities to ''Infuenza'' (which is not a CoronaVirus), but is apparently more easily transmitted through the air and more lethal than the Influenza virus, nd can cause lasting debilitation in some patients who survive. As of September 13, 2020, over 195,000 people in the United States died of the virus, and about 1,000 per day continue to die. Wikipedia: 2019 novel coronavirus Also known as: SARS-CoV-2, nCov, 2019 Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 is a new illness that can affect your lungs and airways. It's caused by a virus called coronavirus. Symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19) are a cough, a high temperature and shortness of breath. Simple measures like washing your hands often with soap and water can help stop viruses like coronavirus (COVID-19) spreading. There is no specific treatment for coronavirus (COVID-19). Treatment aims to relieve the symptoms until you recover. It's not known exactly how coronavirus (COVID-19) spreads from person to person, but similar viruses are spread in cough droplets. Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic ======================================= New Jersey cases Updated Mar 28 at 7:57 AM local Confirmed 8,825 +1,949 Deaths 108 +27 United States cases Updated Mar 28 at 7:57 AM local Confirmed 104,671 +21,126 Deaths 1,711 +510 Recovered 2,465 +523 See breakdown by state Global cases Updated Mar 28 at 7:57 AM local Confirmed 597,252 +67,638 Deaths 27,365 +3,651 Recovered 133,363 +11,909 =============== """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContagiousDisease, :LifeThreateningCondition, :RespiratoryAilment, :ViralInfection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoronaVirusCOVID-19 ; owl:onProperty :isCausedByPathogen ] . :CYC a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to the CYC term that is approximately synonymous with the entry.""" ; rdfs:label "CYC term" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :Cabal :wnsense "cabal1n", "camarilla1n", "faction1n", "junto1n" ; :wordnet "cabal", "camarilla", "faction", "junto" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cabal'' is an ''Clique'' that aims to get or retain ''ControllingAuthority'' (''SocialPower'') by undemoratic means, often by keeping their activities and connections secret (until their goal of power is achieved) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cabal' in WordNet: 1. cabal, faction, junto, camarilla - (a clique (often secret) that seeks power usually through intrigue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secretive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingAuthority ; owl:onProperty :desires ] . :Cabbage-Foodstuff :guid "c1008e34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cabbage1n", "chou2n" ; :wordnet "cabbage", "chou" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cabbage in any of its edible forms, whether raw or cooked, shredded or grated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cabbage' in WordNet: 1. (1) cabbage, chou - (any of various types of cabbage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CabbagePlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sauerkraut ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :CabbagePlant :guid "bd58a8aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Brassica oleracea1n", "cabbage3n", "cultivated cabbage1n" ; :wordnet "Brassica oleracea", "cabbage", "cultivated cabbage" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cabbage: a vegetable shaped like a round head of lettuce, eaten either raw in a salad or cooked. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cabbage' in WordNet: 3. cabbage, cultivated cabbage, Brassica oleracea - (any of various cultivars of the genus Brassica oleracea grown for their edible leaves or flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :DicotSubclass, :HerbPlant, :Vegetable-Plant . :Cabin :guid "bda0fadc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cabin2n" ; :wordnet "cabin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small isolated residential building, built mostly of wood and often with only one or two rooms. It is usually in a rural area, but even such a small house on a city lot would be classified as a ''Cabin''. CYC: A collection of construction artifacts. Each element of #$Cabin is a #$HumanResidence of a rustic nature, usually made primarily of wood. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cabin' in WordNet: 2. (3) cabin - (a small house built of wood; usually in a wooded area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :House, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cabinet-StorageConstruction :guid "bd58fdef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cabinet1n" ; :wordnet "cabinet" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Storage compartments that are part of buildings. They can be affixed to the wall at eye-level, or resting on the floor. They have doors and shelves. Little closets. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'cabinet' in in WordNet: 1. (4) cabinet - (a piece of furniture resembling a cupboard with doors and shelves and drawers; for storage or display) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Box, :StorageConstructInABuilding . :CabinetOfficer :en "cabinet officer", "government department head" ; :enn "cabinet officer", "government department head" ; :guid "37d8dc76-7a5d-41d7-9418-9799309240a2" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all heads of #$CabinetLevelDepartments. Such people are members of a governmental cabinet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial, :HeadOfAnOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentDepartment ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :Cable :wnsense "cable3n" ; :wordnet "cable" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cable'' is a ''RopeOrCable'' thick and strong enough to hold up a heavy load such as a bridge. It is usually made mostly of metal, such as the cables use in modern suspension bridges, but at an earlier time could have been made of multiple interwoven strands of fibrous material. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cable' in WordNet: 3. (1) cable - (a very strong thick rope made of twisted hemp or steel wire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RopeOrCable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unbreakable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CableTVTransmitting :guid "c0e1c9a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$TVTransmitting. In every #$CableTVTransmitting event, an intangible #$InformationBearingThing (usually a #$MovingImageWithSound) is transmitted to a #$TelevisionSet via #$CoaxialCable. See also #$TVBroadcasting and #$TVMediaProduct.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TVTransmitting . :Cablegram :wnsense "cable1n", "cablegram1n", "overseas telegram1n" ; :wordnet "cable", "cablegram", "overseas telegram" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cablegram'' is a ''Telegram'' sent overseas (usually using an underwater 'cable'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cablegram' in WordNet: 1. (2) cable, cablegram, overseas telegram - (a telegram sent abroad) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Telegram, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :International ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Caboose :wnsense "cabin car1n", "caboose2n" ; :wordnet "cabin car", "caboose" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """trainman, railroader, railroad man Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'caboose' in WordNet: 2. cabin car, caboose - (a car on a freight train for use of the train crew; usually the last car on the train) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RailroadCar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Train-TransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RailroadPerson ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :CacaoTree :wnsense "Theobroma cacao1n", "cacao tree1n", "cacao1n", "chocolate tree1n" ; :wordnet "Theobroma cacao", "cacao", "cacao tree", "chocolate tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cacao tree' in WordNet: 1. cacao, cacao tree, chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao - (tropical American tree producing cacao beans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CocoaBean ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Cache :wnsense "cache1n" ; :wordnet "cache" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cache' in WordNet: 1. (1) cache - (a hidden storage space (for money or provisions or weapons)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageConstructInABuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hidden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HidingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Cackle :wnsense "cackle1n" ; :wordnet "cackle" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cackle' in WordNet: 1. cackle - (the sound made by a hen after laying an egg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound, :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticHen ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :Cackle-Laugh :wnsense "cackle3n" ; :wordnet "cackle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cackle' in WordNet: 3. cackle - (a loud laugh suggestive of a hen's cackle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Laughter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cackle ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :Cactus :guid "bd589bd8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cactus1n" ; :wordnet "cactus" ; a :BiologicalFamily, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Onlne - gardening site: Cacti are great models of the xerophytic class. Other types of xerophytic plants include succulents like aloe, euphorbia, some grasses and even some perennial bulbs. These plants have the ability to store water, close the stoma in the leaves to conserve moisture, reduce transpiration and wide root bases or deep taproots. in WordNet: 1. cactus - (any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CentrospermaeOrder, :DesertPlant, :SucculentPlant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prickly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CactusSpine ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ] . :CactusSpine a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long, thin, rigid external projection from any cactus species. \"thorn\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, :SpineSpikeOrQuill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cactus ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Cadence :wnsense "beat7n", "cadence1n", "measure6n", "meter3n", "metre2n" ; :wordnet "beat", "cadence", "measure", "meter", "metre" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Cadence'' is a ''PoeticRhythm'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cadence' in WordNet: 1. (1) meter, metre, measure, beat, cadence - ((prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoeticRhythm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MetricalFoot ; owl:onProperty :describes ] . :Cadet :wnsense "cadet1n", "plebe1n" ; :wordnet "cadet", "plebe" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cadet'' is a 'Trainee' studying at some ''MilitaryAcademy''. The term 'plebe' or 'pleb' is usually applied only to members of the Freshman class; this could be a subtype. NOTE: the term 'cadet' is also used for students at private military schools that serve as ''HighSchool''s with training in military activities. That meaning is not included in this type. RHW has both senses: 1. a student in a national service academy or private military school or on a training ship. 2. a student in training for service as a commissioned officer in the U.S. Army, Air Force, or Coast Guard. Cf. midshipman (def. 1). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cadet' in WordNet: 1. cadet, plebe - (a military trainee (as at a military academy)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Student, :Trainee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Internship ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryAcademy ; owl:onProperty :isStudyingAt ] . :Cadmium :guid "bd589fb1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "48"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Cd1n", "cadmium1n" ; :wordnet "Cd", "cadmium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Cadmium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cadmium' in WordNet: 1. cadmium, Cd, atomic number 48 - (a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Cadre :wnsense "cadre1n", "cell4n" ; :wordnet "cadre", "cell" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cadre'' is a ''CoreGroup'' of people within some ''Organization''. NOTE this is a generic 'cadre', a small core of people within an Organization. In Wordnet a 'cadre' is either a millitary or political unit. This generic type can be used for a 'cadre' that is neither political nor military. The WN sense 1 of 'cadre' is referenced here as an approximation of the broader meaning. If the 'cadre' refereced in a text can be idenified as political or military, one of the subtypes should be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cadre' in WordNet: 1. (1) cell, cadre - (a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoreGroup, :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PoliticalUnit ] . :Cafe :sells :Coffee ; :wnsense "cafe1n", "coffee bar1n", "coffee shop1n", "coffeehouse1n" ; :wordnet "cafe", "coffee bar", "coffee shop", "coffeehouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Cafe'' is a (usually small) restarant that specializes in selling ''Cofee' though other foods and beverages may be sold as well. The term 'cafe' is also used for larger or fancier restaurants: RHW: 1 a restaurant, often with an enclosed or outdoor section extending onto the sidewalk. 2 a restaurant, usually small and unpretentious. 3 a barroom, cabaret, or nightclub. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cafe' in WordNet: 1. (5) cafe, coffeehouse, coffee shop, coffee bar - (a small restaurant where drinks and snacks are sold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RestaurantSpace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coffee ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :Cafeteria :guid "bd590663-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :sells :Food ; :wnsense "cafeteria1n" ; :wordnet "cafeteria" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a 'Cafeteria' is interpreted as a place where food or drink is sold (perhaps by vending machine) and there is a location for people to eat the food. Cyc ('CafeteriaSpace')A relatively large set of rooms in a construction for communal eating. Different from a restaurant in that admittance is often restricted to those meeting some criterion such as membership or employment. Also, in a cafeteria diners generally get their food by walking through a line and serving themselves. A cafeteria includes the kitchen, the dining area, and other areas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cafeteria' in WordNet: 1. (13) cafeteria - (a restaurant where you serve yourself and pay a cashier) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, :RestaurantSpace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :Caffeine :guid "bd590b5b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "caffeine1n" ; :wordnet "caffeine" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A popular alkaloid stimulant, found in tea, coffee, soft drinks, matte, and various other consumables. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caffeine' in WordNet: 1. caffeine, caffein - (a bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkaloid, :Stimulant . :Caftan :guid "be05ebe6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "caftan2n", "kaftan2n" ; :wordnet "caftan", "kaftan" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for the garment worn by MidleEastern men. The garment worn by Western women is the ''Caftan-Western''. CYC: The collection of loose fitting garments worn by either men or women - worn by men in the #$LevantRegion, or by women in imitation of this style. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'caftan' in WordNet: 2. caftan, kaftan - (a (cotton or silk) cloak with full sleeves and sash reaching down to the ankles; worn by men in the Levant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterGarment . :Caftan-Western :guid "be05ebe6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "caftan1n", "kaftan1n" ; :wordnet "caftan", "kaftan" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for the garment worn by Western women as a coverup, either for lounging inside or over a bathing suit at the beach. The similar garment worn by Eastern men is the ''Caftan''. CYC 'caftan': The collection of loose fitting garments worn by either men or women - worn by men in the #$LevantRegion, or by women in imitation of this style. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caftan' in WordNet: 1. caftan, kaftan - (a woman's dress style that imitates the caftan cloaks worn by men in the Near East) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterGarment, :WomensClothing . :Cage :ldoce "cage" ; :wnsense "cage1n", "coop2n" ; :wordnet "cage", "coop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AnimalContainer that has either bars or wires as the barrier to prevent escape. COSMO note: this includes cages to hold people, but does not include glass or plastic enclosures. For the more generic animal container including fish tanks and terrariums, use 'AnimalContainer'. This sense includes prison cells. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'cage' in RHW: 1. a boxlike enclosure having wires, bars, or the like, for confining and displaying birds or animals. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'cage' in WordNet: 1. cage, coop - (an enclosure made of wire or metal bars in which birds or animals can be kept) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :BarOrWireType ] . :Cairn :guid "bd431ec2-24da-41d7-8f42-ace7769c1883" ; :wnsense "cairn1n" ; :wordnet "cairn" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mound of stones piled up as a memorial or to mark a boundary or path. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cairn' in WordNet: 1. cairn - (a mound of stones piled up as a memorial or to mark a boundary or path) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Marker, :Mound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Rock ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Cajoling :eng "cajoling", "coaxing" ; :wnsense "blarney1v", "cajole1v", "coax1v", "inveigle1v", "palaver2v", "sweet-talk1v", "wheedle1v" ; :wordnet "blarney", "cajole", "coax", "inveigle", "palaver", "sweet-talk", "wheedle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Leading is a type of Communicating in which a Person Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cajole' in WordNet: 1. wheedle, cajole, palaver, blarney, coax, sweet-talk, inveigle - (influence or urge by gentle urging, caressing, or flattering; 'He palavered her into going along') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersuadingToAct . :Cake :guid "bd58838a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cake" ; :wnsense "cake3n" ; :wordnet "cake" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A whole cake or a cut piece of cake, not the substance. This includes any object made of ''CakeSuff'' including ''Doughnut''s. Cyc: Spongy dessert food item. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cake' in WordNet: 3. cake - (made from or based on a mixture of flour and sugar and eggs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :DessertFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CakeStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :CakeStuff :hasComponentSubstance :Egg-Foodstuff, :Sugar ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Spongy ; :hasTaste :SweetTasting ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Dough, :Flour ; :ldoce "cake" ; a :FondueConstituentType, :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CakeStuff' is the substance of which whole cake or a cut piece of cake consists. No exatct match in Wordnet - the WN synset seemsto be the object: The RHW definition 1 seems to include the substance: 1. a sweet, baked, breadlike food, made with or without shortening, and usually containing flour, sugar, baking powder or soda, eggs, and liquid flavoring. Noun sense 3 of 'cake' in WordNet is for the object - see ''Cake': in WordNet: 3. cake - (made from or based on a mixture of flour and sugar and eggs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFood, :CerealFood, :Food . :Cakewalk :wnsense "cakewalk2n" ; :wordnet "cakewalk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cakewalk'' is a ''SuccessfulAction'' that was accomplished easily by the actor even though the task was a ''DifficultTask''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cakewalk' in WordNet: 2. cakewalk - (an easy accomplishment; 'winning the tournament was a cakewalk for him'; 'invading Iraq won't be a cakewalk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimateActivity, :SuccessfulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EasyToDo ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DifficultTask ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :CakewalkDancing :wnsense "cakewalk1n" ; :wordnet "cakewalk" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CakewalkDancing'' is ''ChoreographedDancing'' based on as style of dance originating in a competition among African-Americans. \" The cake-walk royalty then began To walk for a cake that was tall as a man \" (from Vachel Lindsay's poem \"The Congo\") Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cakewalk' in WordNet: 1. cakewalk - (a strutting dance based on a march; was performed in minstrel shows; originated as a competition among Black dancers to win a cake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChoreographedDancing . :Cakra :en "cakra", "chakra" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A point that is significant in Yoga. RHW 'cakra' (also 'chakra'): any of the points of spiritual power located along the body, usually given as six in number. The points are personified by gods and can be released through the proper exercises. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPart . :Calamine :guid "bd589777-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :ZincOxide ; :wnsense "calamine1n", "hemimorphite1n" ; :wordnet "calamine", "hemimorphite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calamine' in WordNet: 1. hemimorphite, calamine - (a white mineral; a common ore of zinc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ZincOxide ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :CalamineLotion :wnsense "calamine lotion1n" ; :wordnet "calamine lotion" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CalamineLotion''is a ''MedicalLotion'' containing suspended powdered ''Calamine'' used topically to treat itching or inflammation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calamine lotion' in WordNet: 1. calamine lotion - (a lotion consisting of a liquid preparation containing calamine; used to treat itching or mild skin irritations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSuspension, :MedicalLotion, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calamine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Calcite :guid "c0d03c32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :CalciumCarbonate ; :wnsense "calcite1n" ; :wordnet "calcite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calcite' in WordNet: 1. calcite - (a common mineral consisting of crystallized calcium carbonate; a major constituent of limestone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :Calcitonin :guid "c072400f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "calcitonin1n", "thyrocalcitonin1n" ; :wordnet "calcitonin", "thyrocalcitonin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Hormone produced in the #$Thyroid gland. It is important for bone and calcium metabolism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calcitonin' in WordNet: 1. calcitonin, thyrocalcitonin - (thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThyroidHormone . :Calcium :hasProtonCount "20"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "calcium1n" ; :wordnet "calcium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A metallic element found in the shells of molluscs as CalciumCarbonate, and consequently in deposits of limestone and marble. Each atom has 20 protons in the nucleus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calcium' in WordNet: 1. (4) calcium, Ca, atomic number 20 - (a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :CalciumCarbonate :containsChemicalElement :Calcium, :Carbon, :Oxygen ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CaCO3 ; :wnsense "calcium carbonate1n" ; :wordnet "calcium carbonate" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An inorganic salt that has calcium ions as the cations and carbonate as the anion - CaCO3. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calcium carbonate' in WordNet: 1. calcium carbonate - (a salt found in nature as chalk or calcite or aragonite or limestone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calcium ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carbon ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ] . :CalciumFluoride :containsChemicalElement :Calcium, :Fluorine ; :guid "c4a41326-6a0b-41d7-95f0-f81f07da01b9" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CaF2 ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The chemical with formula CaF2, which is a precursor to #$HydrogenFluoride. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicChemical . :CalciumSulfate :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CaSO4 ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CalciumSulfate' is an inorganic salt that has calcium ions as the cations and sulfate as the anion - CaSO4. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calcium ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sulfur ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ] . :Calculator :guid "bd58dab4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "calculator" ; :wnsense "calculator1n" ; :wordnet "calculator" ; a :AgentType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Electronic calculator, which may do symbolic as well as arithmetic operations. For mechanical calculators use 'AddingMachine'. Although a computer is capable of doing such operations, a 'Calculator' cannot be a general-purpose computer, but must be specialized for mathematical operations. Because calculators may, like a simple computer, perform a series of operations with one or more actions by a person, they are classified as instances of 'AgentType'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'calculator' in WordNet: 1. (2) calculator, calculating machine - (a small machine that is used for mathematical calculations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputationalSystem, :ElectronicDevice, :ManufacturedGoods . :Calculus :wnsense "calculus3n", "infinitesimal calculus1n" ; :wordnet "calculus", "infinitesimal calculus" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Calculus'' is a branch of ''Mathematics''widely used in Physics. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'calculus' in WordNet: 3. calculus, infinitesimal calculus - (the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Methodology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Differentiation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mathematics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :CalculusStone :wnsense "calculus1n", "concretion2n" ; :wordnet "calculus", "concretion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CalculusStone'' is a small hard PhysicalObject that forms inapptropriately in an animal body where it may cuse pain or do damage to the organism. A 'kidney stone' is a common example. It may require surgery to remove. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calculus' in WordNet: 1. (1) calculus, concretion - (a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body; \"renal calculi can be very painful\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBody ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Caldera :guid "c298c160-24da-41d7-97ea-d9e52768935a" ; :wnsense "caldera1n" ; :wordnet "caldera" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A depression measuring kilometers across formed by the collapse of a volcanic mountain. RHW: a large, basinlike depression resulting from the explosion or collapse of the center of a volcano. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caldera' in WordNet: 1. caldera - (a large crater caused by the violent explosion of a volcano that collapses into a depression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolcanicCrater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erupting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Calendar :wnsense "calendar1n" ; :wordnet "calendar" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Calendar'' is a ''TimeClassificationSystem'' that classifies years into sequentially numbered units, and may specify subdivisions of a year, typically 'months'. These units may be defined variously, expecially as to the beginning and ending. The days in such calendars usually refer to solar days, but the starting time may differ (as in the Jewish day that starts at sunset). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calendar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) calendar - (a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeClassificationSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Year ; owl:onProperty :organizesTopic ] . :CalendarAutumn :guid "be011790-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "autumn", "fall" ; :wnsense "autumn1n", "fall1n" ; :wordnet "autumn", "fall" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CalendarSeason. Each instance of #$CalendarAutumn is a time interval that begins on a day considered to begin an autumn season, and ends on a day considered to end an autumn season. For example, according to mainstream culture in the U.S.A., instances of this collection begin each year on the #$AutumnalEquinox (about September 21) and end on the #$DecemberSolstice (about December 21st) (see #$CalendarAutumn-US), whereas according to mainstream Australasian culture, instances of this collection begin March 1st and end on the last day of May (see #$CalendarAutumn-Australasian). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autumn' in WordNet: 1. (7) fall, autumn - - (the season when the leaves fall from the trees; 'in the fall of 1973') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CalendarSeason . :CalendarDate :ldoce "date" ; :wnsense "date2n" ; :wordnet "date" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CalendarDate is a time interval of one day, located from the beginning 12 AM of the calendar day specified to the instant before the 12AM of the following day. NOTE that this is not a quantity of time: see 'OneDay'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'date' in WordNet: 2. (119) date - (a particular day specified as the time something happens; 'the date of the election is set by law') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateOrTime, :Day . :CalendarSeason :guid "be0114e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "season" ; :wnsense "season2n" ; :wordnet "season" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Date and an instance of #$CalendarCoveringType and #$ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries-CoveringAndDisjoint (qq.v.). Each instance of #$CalendarSeason is a time interval that is thought of by a significant group of people (often an entire culture -- see #$CalendarSeasonTypeByCulture) as significantly intersecting the instances of #$SeasonOfYear to which those people are typically exposed. For example, one specialization of #$CalendarSeason (#$CalendarWinter-US) is the collection of time intervals that people in mainstream U.S. culture consider to be co-temporal with the cold winter season (each of these intervals begins on the December solstice of a given year and ends on the Vernal equinox of that year). For more on the difference between #$CalendarSeason and #$SeasonOfYear see the #$SharedNoteOnHemispheresAndCalendars. Important specializations of #$CalendarSeason include #$CalendarWinter, #$CalendarSpring, #$CalendarSummer, and #$CalendarAutumn. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'season' in WordNet: 2. (59) season, time of year - - (one of the natural periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices or atmospheric conditions; 'the regular sequence of the seasons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeasonOfYear . :CalendarSpring :guid "be011735-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "spring" ; :wnsense "spring1n", "springtime1n" ; :wordnet "spring", "springtime" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CalendarSeason. Each instance of #$CalendarSpring is a time interval that begins on a day considered to begin a spring season, and ends on a day considered to end a spring season. For example, according to mainstream culture in the U.S.A., instances of this collection begin each year on the #$VernalEquinox (about March 21) and end on the #$JuneSolstice (about June 21st) (see #$CalendarSpring-US), whereas according to mainstream Australasian culture, instances of this collection begin September 1st and end November 30th (see #$CalendarSpring-Australasian). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spring' in WordNet: 1. (652) spring, springtime - - (the season of growth; 'the emerging buds were a sure sign of spring'; 'he will hold office until the spring of next year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CalendarSeason . :CalendarSummer :guid "be011768-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "summer" ; :wnsense "summer1n" ; :wordnet "summer" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CalendarSeason. Each instance of #$CalendarSummer is a time interval that begins on a day considered to begin a summer season, and ends on a day considered to end a summer season. For example, according to mainstream culture in the U.S.A., instances of this collection begin each year on the #$JuneSolstice (about June 21) and end on the #$AutumnalEquinox (about September 21st) (see #$CalendarSummer-US), whereas according to mainstram Australasian culture, instances of this collection begin December 1st and end on the last day of February (see #$CalendarSummer-Australasian). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'summer' in WordNet: 1. (60) summer, summertime - - (the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox; 'they spent a lazy summer at the shore') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CalendarSeason . :CalendarWeek :ldoce "week" ; :wnsense "week2n" ; :wordnet "week" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all periods of seven consecutive days that start at 12:00 AM on a Sunday morning - this depends on the local time zone. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'week' in WordNet: 2. (17) week, calendar week - (a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Week . :CalendarWinter :guid "be0116f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "winter" ; :wnsense "winter1n" ; :wordnet "winter" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CalendarSeason. Each instance of #$CalendarWinter is a time interval that begins on a day considered to begin a winter season, and ends on a day considered to end a winter season. For example, according to mainstream culture in the U.S.A., instances of this collection begin each year on the #$DecemberSolstice (about December 21) and end on the #$VernalEquinox (about March 21) each year (see #$CalendarWinter-US), whereas according to mainstram Australasian culture, instances of this collection begin June 1st and end August 31st (see #$CalendarWinter-Australasian). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'winter' in WordNet: 1. (24) winter, wintertime - (the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CalendarSeason . :Calf :wnsense "calf1n" ; :wordnet "calf" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young 'DomesticCattle'. NOTE that this is for domestic animals, and wild animals are not included. SUMO uses 'A young Cow, i.e. a Cow that is NonFullyFormed', but 'Cow' in COSMO is only the female. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calf' in WordNet: 1. (6) calf - (young of domestic cattle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticCattle, :JuvenileAnimal ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:DomesticCattle :JuvenileAnimal ) ] . :Calf-AnimalBodyPart :guid "bd58be93-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "calf2n" ; :wordnet "calf" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The back of the leg from the knee to the ankle. Corresponds to senses 2 of 'calff' in WordNet: 2. (1) calf, sura - (the muscular back part of the shank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leg ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Caliber :isAnAttributeValueOf :Circle ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "bore3n", "caliber2n", "calibre2n" ; :wordnet "bore", "caliber", "calibre" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: 'gauge' is related but not the same, being used for shotgun barrels and using a different measure. It needs a different entry. a '22 caliber' pistol or rifle has a bore diameter of 0.22 inches; a '50 caliber' has a diaeter of 0.5 inches. NOTE: for cannons, the term 'caliber' expresses the ratio of length of the bore to diameter of the bore. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'caliber' in WordNet: 2. bore, gauge, caliber, calibre - (diameter of a tube or gun barrel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diameter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circle ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :CalibratingaDevice :wnsense "calibrate1v", "fine-tune1v", "graduate3v" ; :wordnet "calibrate", "fine-tune", "graduate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CalibratingaDevice'' is an ''Adjusting'' of some Device in order to assure that the accuracy and/or precision of measuring or action of the device meets the required levels. NOTE: this is not just for measuring devices, but also for devices that perform actions,such as cutting devices. The accuracy can be affected not only by size but by alignment and irregularities. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'calibrate' in WordNet: 1. (8) calibrate, graduate, fine-tune - (make fine adjustments or divide into marked intervals for optimal measuring; 'calibrate an instrument'; 'graduate a cylinder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjusting, :RegulatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Measuring ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReferenceStandard ] . :CaliforniaElectorate a :Electorate, :IntentionalAgent . :CaliforniaRecallElection2003 :hasParticipant :ArnoldSchwarzenegger ; :hasSubEvent :ElectingArnold ; :hasTopic :ArnoldSchwarzenegger ; :occurredAt :StateOfCalifornia ; :wasPerformedByAgent :CaliforniaElectorate ; a :Election . :Californian :pertainsTo :CalifornianPerson, :StateOfCalifornia ; :wnsense "Californian1adj" ; :wordnet "Californian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Californian' in Wordnet: 1. Californian - (of or relating to or characteristic of California or its inhabitants; 'Californian beaches') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CalifornianPerson :wnsense "Californian1n" ; :wordnet "Californian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Californian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Californian - (a native or resident of California) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOfCalifornia ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Californium :guid "bfa94826-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "98"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Cf1n", "californium1n" ; :wordnet "Cf", "californium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Californium'' is an element not found in nature. this is a substance; the CYC gloss represents it as an object, which differs from COSMO usage. CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Californium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'californium' in WordNet: 1. californium, Cf, atomic number 98 - (a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Caliper :en "calipers" ; :guid "bd65e8b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToMeasure :Width ; :wnsense "caliper1n", "calliper1n" ; :wordnet "caliper", "calliper" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for devices that measure the width of small objects by adjusting two arms of the caliper to opposite ends of the object to be measured, with a readout that can distinguish small distances such as one tenth of a millimeter to one micron. Narrower than the CYC gloss suggests. It is often used to measure the diameter of an object. CYC: The collection of all rulers which can be used to measure things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caliper' in WordNet: 1. caliper, calliper - (an instrument for measuring the distance between two points (often used in the plural)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasuringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Width ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :Called :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Naming ; :wnsense "called2adj", "known as1adj" ; :wordnet "called", "known as" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Called'' is the attribute that precedes a term used as an informal name, given in a 'nicknaming'' Action, to specify that iit is not the formal name. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'called' in Wordnet: 2. (14) called, known as - (known or spoken of as; 'though she is named Katherine, she is called Kitty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Caller :wnsense "caller5n" ; :wordnet "caller" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who calls another Person (initiates a linguistic conversation or makes a statement orally, without expecting a response), for any purpose, and by any means. Instance of this type will most often be used for one who makes a telephone call (instances of the subtype ''TelephoneCaller''), but this can be used for other types of calling. No one WordNet sense captures the full meaning. Includes noun senses 4, 5 and 7 of 'caller' in Wordnet: 4. caller, caller-out - (a person who announces the changes of steps during a dance; 'you need a fiddler and a caller for country dancing') 5. caller - (someone who proclaims or summons in a loud voice; 'the callers were mothers summoning their children home for dinner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CallingOut ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Calligram :en "calligram" ; :enn "calligram" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Calligram'' is a specialy arranged piece of text whose pattern forms an image related to the meaning of the text. Online definition: a word or piece of text in which the design and layout of the letters creates a visual image related to the meaning of the words themselves. Online Merram-Webser: Calligram definition is - a design in which the letters of a word (such as a name) are rearranged so as to form a decorative pattern or figure (as for a seal). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :TextMarking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalCharacter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Calligraphy-ArtObject :guid "be74d9e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "calligraphy1n", "chirography1n", "penmanship1n" ; :wordnet "calligraphy", "chirography", "penmanship" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of art objects whose focus is the display of ornamental handwriting. NOTE: this includes any text produce in elaborate calligraphy style, such as the writing on letters of invitation to formal functions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calligraphy' in WordNet: 1. calligraphy, penmanship, chirography - (beautiful handwriting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial, :TwoDimensionalArtObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CalligraphyWriting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :CalligraphyWriting :en "calligraphic writing", "writing calligraphy", "writing in calligraphy" ; :guid "beef1842-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of writing events of producing a #$Calligraphy-ArtObject """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hobby, :WritingByHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calligraphy-ArtObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CallingCard :ldoce "card" ; :wnsense "calling card1n", "card3n" ; :wordnet "calling card", "card" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''CallingCard'' is a small ''Card'' with one's name and contact information given to a Person or left somewhere for a Person who might want to get in contact with the owner identified on the card. In older days when people came to several homes to visit in Person this might have been left at a person's residence, but that is not the most common use nowadays. This includes a ''BusinessCard'' as a subtype. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'calling card' in WordNet: 2. calling card, visiting card, card - (a printed or written greeting that is left to indicate that you have visited) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Card, :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonName ; owl:onProperty :hasInformationContent ] . :CallingOut :en "calling" ; :ldoce "call" ; :wnsense "call3n", "cry1n", "outcry1n", "shout1n", "vociferation1n", "yell1n" ; :wordnet "call", "cry", "outcry", "shout", "vociferation", "yell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'call' in WordNet: 3. (3) cry, outcry, call, yell, shout, vociferation - (a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition; 'the speaker was interrupted by loud cries from the rear of the audience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :ContactingaPerson, :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :CallingToaPerson a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LinguisticCommunication that involves one person initiating or attempting to initiate an OralConversation with another person by verbally addressing that person ('calling out to a person') or otherwise signaling to a person that a verbal conversation is desired. This does not include non-oral exchanges such as email or texting. The ''CallingToaPerson'' does not always succeed in initiating the conversation, but is still a Calling event. NOTE that this is a Communication, not necessarily a LinguisticCommunication, so a signing that intitiates a conversation is also a 'Calling'. This is the act that *initiates* a conversation; subsequent acts within a conversation are not instances of this type. This does not include 'calling on', as in visiting someone's house. This does not include 'calling' a device such as calling an elevator. However, hailing a taxicab would be included, since that initiates a conversation with the cab driver. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContactingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OralConversation ; owl:onProperty :typicallyStarts ] . :Callous :wnsense "callous1adj", "indurate1adj", "pachydermatous1adj" ; :wordnet "callous", "indurate", "pachydermatous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Callous'' is to be ''Unsympathetic'' to the problems of other people, even to the point where the Person with this attribute is not concerned if his/her own actions contribute to the troubles of others. NOTE: 'pachydermatous' is somewhat different in meaning, needs tobe broken out as 'thick-skinned'. RHW: 2. thick-skinned; insensitive: a pachydermatous indifference to insults. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'callous' in Wordnet: 1. (3) callous, indurate, pachydermatous - (emotionally hardened; 'a callous indifference to suffering'; 'cold-blooded and indurate to public opinion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unsympathetic . :Calm :guid "bd58892c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Calmness-Feeling ; :isTheOppositeOf :Angry ; :ldoce "calm" ; :wnsense "calm1adj", "serene1adj", "tranquil2adj", "unagitated3adj" ; :wordnet "calm", "serene", "tranquil", "unagitated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing 'Calmness-Feeling', who is not excited in any way - not angry, not afraid. This is for people, not for weather attributes. NOTE: In Cyc 'Calm' is the type of person who is calm. The COSMO treatew this as an AttributeValue. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being calm. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'calm' in WordNet: 1. (11) calm, unagitated, serene, tranquil - (not agitated; without losing self-possession; 'spoke in a calm voice'; 'remained calm throughout the uproar'; 'he remained serene in the midst of turbulence'; 'a serene expression on her face'; 'she became more tranquil'; 'tranquil life in the country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relaxed . :CalmingAnInfant :en "calming an infant", "pacifying an infant", "soothing an infant" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CalmingAnInfant'' is a ''SoothingAction'' Action that causes or attempts to cause a feeling of ''Calm'' in a ''HumanInfant'', to keep the infant from crying or otherwise exhibiting distress """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SoothingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :CalmingaPerson :wnsense "calm down2v", "calm1v", "lull3v", "quiet2v", "quieten2v", "still1v", "tranquilize1v", "tranquillise1v", "tranquillize1v" ; :wordnet "calm", "calm down", "lull", "quiet", "quieten", "still", "tranquilize", "tranquillise", "tranquillize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CalmingaPerson'' is a ''ProvidingMentalComfort'' in which one agent performs an Action that helps to calm down a person who was anxious about something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'calm' in WordNet: 1. (5) calm, calm down, quiet, tranquilize, tranquillize, tranquillise, quieten, lull, still - (make calm or still; 'quiet the dragons of worry and fear') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProvidingMentalComfort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calmness-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Calmly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Calm ; :wnsense "calmly1adv", "sedately1adv" ; :wordnet "calmly", "sedately" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Calmly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions of people that exhibit an intrnal ''Calm'' disposition on the part of the Person performing the action. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'calmly' in Wordnet: 1. (9) calmly - (with self-possession (especially in times of stress); 'he spoke calmly to the rioting students') 2. (2) sedately, calmly - (in a sedate manner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Calmness-Feeling :ldoce "calm" ; :wnsense "calm1n", "calmness1n" ; :wordnet "calm", "calmness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The attribute-type associated with the feeling of calmness or serenity, being free from disturbance. (For the rationale behind treating feelings as types - i.e. collections - of attributes, see #$FeelingAttribute and the comment on #$Happiness.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calm' and sense 1 of 'calmness' in WordNet: 1. (3) composure, calm, calmness, equanimity - (steadiness of mind under stress; 'he accepted their problems with composure and she with equanimity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relaxed-Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calm ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Calorie :wnsense "calorie1n", "small calorie1n" ; :wordnet "calorie", "small calorie" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Calorie is an energy measure. This is the small 'calorie'; for the 'calorie' used in rating food energy content, use ''kilocalorie''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calorie' in WordNet: 1. (1) calorie, gram calorie, small calorie - (unit of heat defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade at atmospheric pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Calyx :guid "bd58d682-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "calyx1n" ; :wordnet "calyx" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A calyx is the flower's outermost whorl and is composed of sepals; it encloses and protects the reproductive organs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calyx' in WordNet: 1. calyx - ((botany) the whorl of sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing and supporting the developing bud; usually green) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flower ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sepal ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Cam :guid "be06afe5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cam2n" ; :wordnet "cam" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'Cam-ForceConverter': Oval-shaped device used for mechanical linkage (typically for transforming linear movement into rotational movement, or vice versa). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cam' in WordNet: 2. cam - (a rotating disk shaped to convert circular into linear motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :PowerTransmittingDevice, :PoweredDevice, :RotatableComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MechanicalDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :CamCorder :wnsense "camcorder1n" ; :wordnet "camcorder" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camcorder' in WordNet: 1. camcorder - (a portable television camera and videocassette recorder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalDevice, :PortableObject, :VideoCamera, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoCassette ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Cambodia :wnsense "Cambodia1n" ; :wordnet "Cambodia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Cambodia' in WordNet: 1. (1) Cambodia, Kingdom of Cambodia, Kampuchea - (a nation in southeastern Asia; was part of Indochina under French rule until 1946) """ . :Cambodia-Internet a :Country . :CambricTea :en "cambric-tea" ; :wnsense "cambric tea1n" ; :wordnet "cambric tea" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of ''Tea'' diluted for consumption of children. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cambric tea' in Wordnet: 1. cambric tea - (a beverage for children containing hot water and milk and sugar and a small amount of tea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tea . :CambridgeMassachusetts a :City, :USCity . :Camel :wnsense "camel1n" ; :wordnet "camel" ; a :RiddenAnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The only wild camels remaining in the world are in Australia, where some tame camels were brought as desert transport and later released. Elsewhere they are all tame or domesticated, but that is not a necessary property. Some individuals could be classified as a ''BeastOfBurden'' but that is not a necessary property of the class. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camel' in Wordnet: 1. camel - (cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoofedMammal, :Ruminant . :CamelColor :guid "93f6e374-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brownish . :Camellia :guid "bd58a5da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "camelia1n", "camellia1n" ; :wordnet "camelia", "camellia" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: a bitter, aromatic plant, Artemisia absinthium, of Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camellia' in WordNet: 1. camellia, camelia - (any of several shrubs or small evergreen trees having solitary white or pink or reddish flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :EvergreenPlant, :TeaOrder . :Camera :guid "bd602600-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "camera" ; :wnsense "camera1n", "camera2n", "photographic camera1n" ; :wordnet "camera", "photographic camera" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$Camera is a #$VisualInformationRecordingDevice that focuses a #$VisualImage through a #$Lens-Artificial and records it on some kind of storage medium, e.g. #$PhotographicFilm (see #$FilmCamera) or #$ComputerMemory (see #$DigitalCamera). A #$Camera may record #$StillImages one at a time (see #$StillCamera) or in rapid succession to create a #$MovingImage (see #$VideoCamera). SUMO: A Device which is capable of Photographing. @ToDo: add Capability/Function - create an Image This type includes both senses of 'camera' from WordNet, and is intended for photographic and electronic versions - anything that can create and store **or transmit** an image. in WordNet: 1. (18) camera, photographic camera - (equipment for taking photographs (usually consisting of a lightproof box with a lens at one end and light-sensitive film at the other)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :LensedOpticalDevice, :VisualInformationRecordingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Photograph ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :CameraShutter :wnsense "shutter1n" ; :wordnet "shutter" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CameraShutter'' is a ''PortalCovering'' in line with the lens of a ''Camera'' that adjusts the amount of light that reaches the photosensitive element (photographic film or electronic light sensors). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shutter' in WordNet: 1. (5) shutter - (a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering, :LightAperture, :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Camera ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightIntensityMeasure ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :Cameraman :wnsense "camera operator1n", "cameraman1n", "cinematographer1n" ; :wordnet "camera operator", "cameraman", "cinematographer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cameraman'' is a ''Photographer'' of any sex who operates a movie camera of any type to make a Movie (''FilmingaMovie'') in the form of a ''MovieFilm'' or a ''VideoRecording'' or a ''ComputerVideoFile''. Such professionals are typically employed by a Organizations that produce Movies, whether for education or for entertainment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cameraman' in WordNet: 1. cameraman, camera operator, cinematographer - (a photographer who operates a movie camera) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Photographer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FilmingaMovie ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Movie :MovieFilm :VideoRecording :ComputerVideoFile ) ] ] . :Cameroon :wnsense "Cameroon2n" ; :wordnet "Cameroon" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Cameroon' in WordNet: 2. Cameroon, Republic of Cameroon, Cameroun - (a republic on the western coast of central Africa; was under French and British control until 1960) """ . :Camisole :wnsense "camisole1n", "camisole2n" ; :wordnet "camisole" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A womens undergarment that is a ''Clothing-Top'' worn over a ''Brassiere'' and under a blouse. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'camisole' in WordNet: 1. camisole, underbodice - (a short sleeveless undergarment for women) 2. camisole - (a short negligee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Top, :ClothingItem, :Lingerie, :WomensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleeveless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Camouflaging :wnsense "camouflage1v" ; :wordnet "camouflage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Camouflaging'' is a subtype of ''Disguising'' in which an inanimate object or a Person is made to appear as some other type of inanimate object in order to hide the presence or avoid recognition of the true object. This is used both in military operations, and in hunting when a hunter wears something to avoid alerting prey to his/her presence. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'camouflage' in WordNet: 1. (1) camouflage - (disguise by camouflaging; exploit the natural surroundings to disguise something; 'The troops camouflaged themselves before they went into enemy territory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disguising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disguise ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :CampChair :en "camp-chair" ; :wnsense "camp chair1n" ; :wordnet "camp chair" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoldingChair'' light enough to be conveniently carried to a camp site. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camp chair' in Wordnet: 1. camp chair - (a light folding chair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoldingChair . :Campaign :guid "be64da41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "campaign2n", "cause3n", "crusade1n", "drive3n", "effort3n" ; :wordnet "campaign", "cause", "crusade", "drive", "effort" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Campaign'' is a cooperative effort by a GroupOfPeople to achieve some Goal (a ''DesiredFutureSituation'') that the group considers worth considerable effort,ad difficult eough to require the efforts of multiple people. Political campaigns and campaigns for political or social goals (often called ''Reform''s) This is a subtype of ''Struggle'' (an ''AttemptingActivity''), meaning that it has an uncertain outcome and takes a lot of effort. CYC: The collection of all extended operations with a focused purpose undertaken by a group of people. Types of campaigns include medical campaigns, #$PropagandaCampaigns, and #$PoliticalElectionCampaigns. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'campaign' in WordNet: 2. (5) campaign, cause, crusade, drive, movement, effort - (a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end; 'he supported populist campaigns'; 'they worked in the cause of world peace'; 'the team was ready for a drive toward the pennant'; 'the movement to end slavery'; 'contributed to the war effort') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanGroupActivity, :Struggle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesiredFutureSituation ] . :CampaignButton :en "campaign button" ; :wnsense "button4n" ; :wordnet "button" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A traditional ''PinnableButton'' representing support for some candidate for an electable office, usually a government office. This is a pinnable disk - other types of campaign buttons must be represented elsewhere. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'button' in Wordnet: 4. button - (a round flat badge displaying information and suitable for pinning onto a garment; 'they passed out campaign buttons for their candidate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PinnableButton, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PoliticalElectionCampaign :Candidate ) ] ] . :Camper :wnsense "camper1n" ; :wordnet "camper" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camper' in WordNet: 1. (10) camper - (someone living temporarily in a tent or lodge for recreation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :MusicGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Camper ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Campfire :wnsense "campfire1n" ; :wordnet "campfire" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'campfire' in WordNet: 1. (3) campfire - (a small outdoor fire for warmth or cooking (as at a camp)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlledFire, :UsefulThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Campsite ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Campground :guid "c0fba284-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "campground1n", "camping site1n", "campsite1n" ; :wordnet "campground", "camping site", "campsite" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The area in which a Campsite has been set up, or an area designated by some Authority as a place where a Campsite can be set up. If living facilites have been set up on a Campground, it is also the subtype 'Campsite'. The distinction of 'Campground' and 'Campsite' is that a 'Campground' may have no dwellings on it at some time, even though it is designated as a place (as in a national park) where people may set up camp; a Campsite is only a Campsite as long as there are temporary dwellings set up there. It might be in a field, or may include trees. SUMO: A LandArea whose purpose is to have MobileResidences (e.g. recreational vehicles, mobile homes, Tents, etc.) located there. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'campground' in WordNet: 1. (4) campsite, campground, camping site, camping ground, bivouac, encampment, camping area - (a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :GroundOrFloor, :OutdoorObject . :Camping :en "camping" ; :isTypicallyPerformedAt :Campsite ; :ldoce "camp" ; :wnsense "camp out1v", "camp1v" ; :wordnet "camp", "camp out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Camping' is 'LodgingSomewhere' in a temporary shelter, usually a tent, at a camp site, whether the site is for one person or many people, dsignated permanently as a camp site or only used as such for a single night. The temporary shelter can be a recreational vehicle or mobile home, as long as it is not intended to be in the same place for a long period, as in a trailer park. Living in a fixed dwelling, even if crudely built or in a remote location, is *not* included in this type. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'camp' and sense 1 of 'camp out' in WordNet, not includinng the metaphorical notion of 'camping' in a fixed dwelling: in WordNet: 1. (7) camp, encamp, camp out, bivouac, tent - (live in or as if in a tent; 'Can we go camping again this summer?'; 'The circus tented near the town'; 'The houseguests had to camp in the living room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LodgingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Campsite ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Camper ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :CampingVehicle :wnsense "camper2n", "camping bus1n", "motor home1n" ; :wordnet "camper", "camping bus", "motor home" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CampingVehicle'' is a ''RecreationalVehicle'' desinged to be used while 'camping out. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'camper' in WordNet: 2. camper, camping bus, motor home - (a recreational vehicle equipped for camping out while traveling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lodging, :RecreationalVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Camping ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Campsite :guid "bd664ebc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "camp" ; :wnsense "camp1n", "camp3n" ; :wordnet "camp" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: for the space designated for camping use parent type ''Campground'' The region where people have temporarily set up lodging in the form of tents, sleeping bags, campfires, etc., including both the area and the lodgings. Also includes military style encampments. Some campsites are campsites for no longer than the duration the tent is set up there, as little as a single night. Other campsites remain campsites for years, e.g. #$Campground. A 'Campsite' that is designated for camping but does not have any living quarters on it is represented as a 'Campground'. A Campsite is a Facility-Generic, which is an Artifact. This includes senses 1 and 3 of 'camp'.in Wordnet: 1. (19) camp, encampment, cantonment, bivouac - (temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers; 'wherever he went in the camp the men were grumbling') 3. (6) camp - (temporary lodgings in the country for travelers or vacationers; 'level ground is best for parking and camp areas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Campground, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Camping ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :Campus :guid "bd58f6f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "campus1n" ; :wordnet "campus" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The area consisting of the grounds of an organization such as a university (but not restricted to universities). Not all non-university Organization grounds are called a 'campus', but some are - like Microsoft's. Includes but is not restricted to WordNet sense 1 of 'campus': in WordNet: 1. (2) campus - (a field on which the buildings of a university are situated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroundsOfOrganization, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject . :Camshaft :wnsense "camshaft1n" ; :wordnet "camshaft" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PowerShaft'' is a ''Shaft'' that transmits power (or motion) from or to one end that is attached to a power-driven rotating comonent to or from other point(s) along or on the far end of the ''Shaft''. One example is a ''Camshaft'' used in internal combustion engines. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'camshaft' in WordNet: 1. camshaft - (has cams attached to it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PowerShaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MechanicalDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Can :guid "bd58fef3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "can" ; :wnsense "can1n" ; :wordnet "can" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO a 'Can ' is necessarily metallic. It may be reclosable, such as the cans used for paint, or single-use, such as the cans one opens with a can opener that cannot be reclosed with the same lid. Cyc restricts this to Food, but in COSMO it can be any can-shaped metallic container, including cans for paint, driveway sealer, etc. NOTE: this type is not necessarily cylindrical, so this is not precisely aligned with the CYC 'Can'. Cyc: Cylindrical storage device often used to store food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'can' in WordNet: 1. (3) can, tin, tin can - (airtight sealed metal container for food or drink or paint etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CapsuleContainer . :Canada :wnsense "Canada2n" ; :wordnet "Canada" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Canada' in WordNet: 1. (9) Canada - (a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada; 'the border between the United States and Canada is the longest unguarded border in the world') """ . :CanadaGoose :guid "c10065e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Canada goose1n" ; :wordnet "Canada goose" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Migratory wild goose of North America. Noun sense 1 (only sense) of 'Canada goose' in WordNet: 1. honker, Canada goose, Canadian goose, Branta canadensis - (common greyish-brown wild goose of North America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goose, :WildAnimal . :CanadaMexicoAndUSA :hasComponentElement :Canada, :Mexico, :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :GroupOfNations . :Canadian :pertainsTo :Canada, :CanadianPerson ; :wnsense "Canadian1adj" ; :wordnet "Canadian" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Canadian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Canada'' or a ''CanadianPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'C'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Canadian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Canadian - (of or relating to Canada or its people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CanadianDollar :wnsense "Canadian dollar1n" ; :wordnet "Canadian dollar" ; a :CurrencyUnit ; rdfs:comment """The unit of currency used in Canada. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Canadian dollar' in WordNet: 1. Canadian dollar - (the basic unit of money in Canada) """ . :CanadianPerson :guid "bd58a621-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Canadian1n" ; :wordnet "Canadian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Canada, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Canadian' in WordNet: 1. Canadian - (a native or inhabitant of Canada) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Canada ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Canal :guid "bd58f371-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "canal3n" ; :wordnet "canal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$BodyOfWater and #$PathArtifact. Each instance of #$Canal is an artificial waterway designed to serve either as a path for watercraft, or as a device for irrigating land. Instances of #$Canal include the #$SuezCanal and the #$PhuCamCanal. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'canal' in WordNet: 3. canal - (long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, :FlowPath, :PathArtifact . :Canary :wnsense "canary4n" ; :wordnet "canary" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'canary' in WordNet: 4. canary, canary bird - (any of several small Old World finches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Finch . :Canceling :wnsense "cancel1v", "strike down1v" ; :wordnet "cancel", "strike down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'cancel' in WordNet: 3. cancel, strike down - (declare null and void; make ineffective; 'Cancel the election results'; 'strike down a law') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Judging . :Cancelled :en "cancelled" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :CancelledMail ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CancellingSomething ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No WN sense of 'cancelled' includes this type """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Invalid, :PastParticiple . :CancelledMail :en "cancelled mail" ; :enn "cancelled mail" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CancelledMail'' is a piece of ''Mail'' (of any size) that has one or more 'cancellation marks' ( a ''Postmark''), usually placed so that part of the mark is visible on each ''PostageStamp'' on the ''Mail'' item. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mail, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Postmark ; owl:onProperty :containsSymbolicObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cancelled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cancelling :wnsense "call off1v", "cancel1v", "cancellation1n", "scratch4v", "scrub3v" ; :wordnet "call off", "cancel", "cancellation", "scratch", "scrub" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cancelling'' is an Action that reverses a prior decision to perform some Action, and modifies all or part of a ''ScheduledEvent'' (a Plan of action) by deleting or moving some ''Event'' within the ''Schedule'' for that Event. This is a MOdification of the ''Schedule'' (Plan) such that the execution of that Schedule will differ - perhaps by being completely may be [part of a ''Delaying'' (postponing) of an Action or Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cancel' in WordNet: 1. (9) cancel, call off, scratch, scrub - (postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled; 'Call off the engagement'; 'cancel the dinner party'; 'we had to scrub our vacation plans'; 'scratch that meeting-the chair is ill') WN noun 'cancellation': 1. (2) cancellation - (the act of cancelling; calling off some arrangement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeletingSomething, :Modification, :UndoingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Schedule ; owl:onProperty :modifies ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom :ScheduledEvent ] . :CancellingSomething :wnsense "cancel5v" ; :wordnet "cancel" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CancellingSomething'' is an Action in which something that confers a Right or serves a purpose is rendered ''Invalid'' for further use. This does *not* include the sense of 'cancelling' a planned Event (requires a different type to be added when needed). There can be more specific types of 'cancelling' for different type of things that can be cancelled (rendered invalid), such as ''CancellingaPostageStamp''. Corresponds to the most general sense of verb sense 5 of 'cancel' in WordNet: 5. cancel, invalidate - (make invalid for use; 'cancel cheques or tickets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingSomethingToSurface, :MarkingOnASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cancelled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :CancellingaPostageStamp :wnsense "cancel5v", "invalidate2v" ; :wordnet "cancel", "invalidate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CancellingaPostageStamp'' is a ''MarkingOnASurface'' in which a ''Postmark'' is applied to the part of a piece of ''Mail'' that has the ''PostageStamp'' on it,thereby rendering the ''PostageStamp'' invald for further use in postage. The ''PostageStamp'' for this purpose may not be a stick-on stamp, but some equivalent printed on the envelope or package being mailed. Corresponds to part of verb sense 5 of 'cancel' in WordNet: 5. cancel, invalidate - (make invalid for use; 'cancel cheques or tickets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingSomethingToSurface, :MarkingOnASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Postmark ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mail ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CancelledMail ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PostageStamp ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :Cancer :wnsense "cancer1n" ; :wordnet "cancer" ; a :AilmentType, :PathogenType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AilmentCondition in which cells grow without proper control, causing damage and often death to an Animal. NOTE: for convenience, 'PathogenType' is added as a type even though a 'pathogen' is usually considered as an organism, not a disease. This can be refined when necessary. See use in 'SpreadingOfaPathogen''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'cancer' in WordNet: 1. (15) cancer, malignant neoplastic disease - (any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ] . :Candela :wnsense "candela1n", "standard candle1n" ; :wordnet "candela", "standard candle" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI luminosity intensity measure. Symbol: cd. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the Candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540*10^12 Hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 Watt per Steradian. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candela' in WordNet: 1. candle, candela, cd, standard candle - (the basic unit of luminous intensity adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; equal to 1/60 of the luminous intensity per square centimeter of a black body radiating at the temperature of 2,046 degrees Kelvin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Candelabrum :wnsense "candelabra1n", "candelabrum1n" ; :wordnet "candelabra", "candelabrum" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Candelabrum'' is a ''Candlestick'' designed to hold more than one or more elongated candles upright while they are burning. Can have s few as two holders or more than seven. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candelabrum' in WordNet: 1. candelabrum, candelabra - (branched candlestick; ornamental; has several lights) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Candlestick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Candle ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Socket ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ] . :Candid :isTheOppositeOf :Secretive ; :wnsense "candid3adj", "heart-to-heart1adj", "open16adj", "open20adj", "overt1adj" ; :wordnet "candid", "heart-to-heart", "open", "overt" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Candid'' is an Attribute of a Person or a GroupOfPeople who are not ''Secretive'' about revealing some fact or facts, by drect communication or by perorming actions that are observable by others rather than in secret. Includes adjective sense 3 of 'candid' , senses 1 and20 of 'open', and sense 1 of 'overt' in Wordnet: 3. candid, open, heart-to-heart - (openly straightforward and direct without reserve or secretiveness; 'his candid eyes'; 'an open and trusting nature'; 'a heart-to-heart talk') WN Sense 1 of 'overt': 1. (1) overt, open - (open and observable; not secret or hidden; 'an overt lie'; 'overt hostility'; 'overt intelligence gathering'; 'open ballots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Candidacy :wnsense "campaigning1n", "candidacy1n", "candidature1n", "electioneering2n", "political campaign2n" ; :wordnet "campaigning", "candidacy", "candidature", "electioneering", "political campaign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Candidacy'' covers a the Actions by an ''ElectoralCandidate'' in the course of some ''PoliticalElectionCampaign''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candidacy' in WordNet: 1. (1) campaigning, candidacy, candidature, electioneering, political campaign - (the campaign of a candidate to be elected) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalElectionCampaign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectoralCandidate ] . :Candidate :wnsense "candidate2n", "prospect3n" ; :wordnet "candidate", "prospect" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person who has him/herself forward for selection to fill a position, or to join a Group, or to be awarded some honor or benefit. For a 'candidate' for membership in a Group,use subtype ''CandidateForMembership''. A candidate may enter a selection process to be nominated (as a 'nominee' of a political party). For the political candidate, use subtype ''ElectoralCandidate''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'candidate' in WordNet: 2. (5) candidate, prospect - (someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquivalentThing, :Person . :CandidateForMembership :en "candidate for membership", "membership candidate", "prospective member" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CandidateForMembership' is a ''Candidate'' that is being subjected to a decision process to deterine if that Person shall or shall not be allowed to join a GroupOfPeople or Organization. This a ''CandidateForMembership'' ''mayUndergo'' ''AdmittingToMembership'' if s/he is accepted. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Candidate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdmittingToMembership ; owl:onProperty :mayUndergo ] . :Candidly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Frank ; :wnsense "candidly1adv", "frankly1adv", "honestly1adv" ; :wordnet "candidly", "frankly", "honestly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Candidly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Action modified was performed in a ''Canid''manner, not evasively.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candidly' in WordNet: 1. (1) honestly, candidly, frankly - ((used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that; 'honestly, I don't believe it'; 'candidly, I think she doesn't have a conscience'; 'frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Candle :guid "bd58a467-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaSourceOf :Light ; :ldoce "candle" ; :wnsense "candle1n", "taper4n", "wax light1n" ; :wordnet "candle", "taper", "wax light" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of pieces of wax, tallow, etc. with embedded wicks designed to be burned to give light. Modern candles are often long and slender, but the short squate candles used as 'votive lights' in a short holder are included here. The whole of a candle burns up, unlike a torch, which remains after its fuel has been consumed by the fire. NOTE that a 'Candle' consist mostly of Wax, and also mostly of Fuel; this means that the Wax must be of a type that can serve as a Fuel - earwax and some other animal or plant 'waxes' would not normally qualify. COSMO note: a 'Candle' is composed mostly of Fuel - wax, tallow, etc. Modern candles that come in jars are also considered as 'candles', where the fuel part should be the largest part by weight, though it may be slightly less than half - still it's a 'Candle' and the jar container is included, at this point (v0.36). An Oil 'candle' in a jar would *not* qualify for this type, for which the fuel must be a solid wax. Perhaps an additional type is needed? SUMO: An IlluminationDevice that consists of Wax and a wick, which is lit with a flame. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candle' in WordNet: 1. (4) candle, taper, wax light - (stick of wax with a wick in the middle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :LightingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combustible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wax ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fuel ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wick ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :CandleFlame :en "flame" ; :enn "flame" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CandleFlame'' is the ''Flame'' occurring on top of a ''LightedCandle''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CandleFlameObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightedCandle ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :CandleFlameObject :en "flame" ; :enn "flame" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlameObject'' is the ''DynamicObject'' produced by a 'Flame'. This is treated as a PhysicalObject, even though it is constantly changing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlameObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightedCandle ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :CandleLight :wnsense "candlelight1n" ; :wordnet "candlelight" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candlelight' in WordNet: 1. candlelight, candle flame - (the light provided by a burning candle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnergySource, :Light, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sol ; owl:onProperty :hasSource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :Candlestick :wnsense "candlestick1n" ; :wordnet "candlestick" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArtifactObject'' designed to hold one or more elongated candles upright whie they are burning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candlestick' in Wordnet: 1. candlestick, candle holder - (a holder with sockets for candles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Holder, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Candle ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Socket ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ] . :Candor :wnsense "candidness1n", "candor2n", "candour1n", "directness2n", "forthrightness1n", "frankness1n" ; :wordnet "candidness", "candor", "candour", "directness", "forthrightness", "frankness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Candor' is a ''Feeling'' and a BehavioralDisposition that disposes a Person to be 'candid' - frank and not evasive. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'candor' in Wordnet: 2. candor, candour, candidness, frankness, directness, forthrightness - (the quality of being honest and straightforward in attitude and speech) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Honesty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frank ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Candy :wnsense "candy1n" ; :wordnet "candy" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a substance. See ''CandyObject'' for a piece of candy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) candy, confect - (a rich sweet made of flavored sugar and often combined with fruit or nuts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DessertSubstance, :SolidSubstance, :SweetFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sweetener ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :CandyBar :wnsense "candy bar1n" ; :wordnet "candy bar" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a ''CandyObject'' that is larger than a ''JellyBean'' and may be of any type, not just chocolate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candy bar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) candy bar - (a candy shaped as a bar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarOfStuff, :CandyObject, :HandSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Candy ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :CandyCane :wnsense "candy cane1n" ; :wordnet "candy cane" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Usually this has a curved handle at one end, but not necessarily. Do they all have red and white stripes?? As a default, here we say yes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candy cane' in Wordnet: 1. candy cane - (a hard candy in the shape of a rod (usually with stripes)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CandyObject, :HandSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MintCandy ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cane ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RedAndWhiteStriped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CandyObject :en "candy", "piece of candy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is any Object made of ''Candy''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SweetTastingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Candy ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :CandyStore :wnsense "candy store1n", "confectionary1n", "confectionery2n" ; :wordnet "candy store", "confectionary", "confectionery" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'candy store' in WordNet: 1. (1) confectionery, confectionary, candy store - (a confectioner's shop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailStore . :Cane :CYC "WalkingCane" ; :en "walking cane" ; :guid "c0fd6352-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cane1n" ; :wordnet "cane" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cane'' is a ''WalkingStick'' that is an ArtifactObject. There is little else to distinguish them - not all ''Cane''s have curved handles. CYC 'WalkingCane':: A Device which has the form of a staff with a handle and which enables some people to walk with greater assurance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cane' in Wordnet: 1. (5) cane - (a stick that people can lean on to help them walk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device, :LongAndThinThing, :SmallObject, :WalkingStick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanWalkingProcess ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanWalkingProcess ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Canine :CYC "CanineAnimal" ; :en "CanineAnimal", "canine animal" ; :guid "bd58d044-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "canine2n" ; :wordnet "canine" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalFamily, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: The Class of Carnivores with completely separable toes, nonretractable claws, and long muzzles. Cyc: (CanineAnimal) A specialization of #$CarnivoreOrder. Each instance of #$CanineAnimal is a member of a dog-like species belonging to the #$CarnivoreOrder. The collection #$CanineAnimal includes the specializations #$Dog, #$Wolf, and #$Fox (qq.v.). Canine animals constitute an instance of #$BiologicalFamily, the Canidae. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canine' in WordNet: 2. canine, canid - (any of various fissiped mammals with nonretractile claws and typically long muzzles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore, :NonHumanAnimal, :TerrestrialOrganism . :CanineTooth :guid "c0fd5c98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "canine tooth1n", "canine1n" ; :wordnet "canine", "canine tooth" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The pointy teeth between the incisors and the bicuspids, which are used for puncturing and shredding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canine tooth' in WordNet: 1. canine, canine tooth, eyetooth, eye tooth, dogtooth, cuspid - (one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tooth . :Caning :wnsense "caning1n", "wicker2n", "wickerwork1n" ; :wordnet "caning", "wicker", "wickerwork" ; a :PorousSheetType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Caning'' is a ''SheetlikeSubstance'' produced by weaving strands made from thin branches of vegetation or slices of branch material. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caning' in WordNet: 1. (1) wicker, wickerwork, caning - (work made of interlaced slender branches (especially willow branches)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetlikeSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wicker ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :CaningaPerson :guid "bf3420a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cane1v", "flog2v", "lambast1n", "lambaste1n" ; :wordnet "cane", "flog", "lambast", "lambaste" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Canings, which involve the hitting of a person with a cane, stick, or similar object. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cane' in WordNet: 1. (1) cane, flog, lambaste, lambast - (beat with a cane) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeatingAnAnimal, :Punishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cane ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ] . :Canna :guid "bd58b097-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "canna1n" ; :wordnet "canna" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canna' in WordNet: 1. canna - (any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GingerOrder, :HerbPlant, :Plant-NonWoody . :CannaLily :wnsense "Canna generalis1n", "canna lily1n" ; :wordnet "Canna generalis", "canna lily" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canna lily' in WordNet: 1. canna lily, Canna generalis - (plants grown for their large bright yellow to red flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canna . :Cannabis :guid "bfb1d179-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$BiologicalGenus of #$Plants within the #$HempFamily, with #$taxonMembers including the #$BiologicalSpecies #$HempPlant.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HempFamily, :NettleOrder . :Canned :isAnAttributeValueOf :Food, :FoodObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CanningFood ; :wnsense "canned2adj", "tinned1adj" ; :wordnet "canned", "tinned" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Canned'' is the attribute of a FoodType or FoodObject that has been preserved in a ''Can'' by a ''CanningFood'' process. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'canned' in Wordnet: 2. canned, tinned - (sealed in a can or jar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :CannedFood :wnsense "canned food1n", "canned foods1n", "canned goods1n", "tinned goods1n" ; :wordnet "canned food", "canned foods", "canned goods", "tinned goods" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CannedFood'' is a ''Food'' that has been preserved in a ''Can'' by a ''CanningFood'' process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canned food' in WordNet: 1. canned food, canned foods, canned goods, tinned goods - (food preserved by canning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Canned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CanningFood ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :CannedMeat :wnsense "canned meat1n", "tinned meat1n" ; :wordnet "canned meat", "tinned meat" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CannedMeat'' is a ''Meat'' that has been preserved in a ''Can'' by a ''CanningFood'' process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canned meat' in WordNet: 1. canned meat, tinned meat - (meat preserved in a can or tin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CannedFood, :Meat . :CannedSpam :hasComponentSubstance :Pork ; :wnsense "Spam1n" ; :wordnet "Spam" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CannedSpam'' is a ''CannedMeat'' in which the Meat is processed, and considered by most to be inferior to fresh-cooked Meat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spam' in WordNet: 1. Spam - (a canned meat made largely from pork) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CannedMeat . :CanningFood :wnsense "can1v", "put up6v", "tin2v" ; :wordnet "can", "put up", "tin" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CanningFood'' is a way of ''PreservingFood'' by sealing it in an airtight metallic ''Can'' after heating it or otherwise treating it to kill germs that might cause illness. The food is often packaged in a (partial) vacuum within the ''Can''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'can' in WordNet: 1. (2) can, tin, put up - (preserve in a can or tin; 'tinned foods are not very tasty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreservingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Can ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Cannon :en "artillery piece" ; :guid "bf9dcf71-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cannon1n", "cannon2n", "cannon4n" ; :wordnet "cannon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Guns that have a large caliber, and are generally mounted on a platform of some kind. Includes sense 1, 2, and 4 of 'cannon' in WordNet: 1. (13) cannon - (a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels) 2. cannon - (heavy gun fired from a tank) 4. cannon - (heavy automatic gun fired from an airplane) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Canoe :guid "bd58ab49-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :uses :Paddle-Water ; :wnsense "canoe1n" ; :wordnet "canoe" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a ''Canoe'' has to be small enough to be powered by one person using oars or a paddle (a type of short-handled ''Oar''). It may be light enough to be carried by a Person. CYC: #$Canoe is a specialization of #$Watercraft-Small and #$Device-UserPowered. Each instance of #$Canoe is a small and narrow watercraft powered by human paddling, poling, or by a small boat-engine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canoe' in Wordnet: 1. canoe - (small and light boat; pointed at both ends; propelled with a paddle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :Watercraft-Small, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paddle-Water ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Canoeing :en "canoeing" ; :guid "c10086b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "canoe1v" ; :wordnet "canoe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC ''Canoeing'' is a 'paddling' - this type is broader, including people who ride in a Canoe without doing any of the paddling. The ''PaddlingABoat'' is considered as a subEvent of this Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'canoe' in WordNet: 1. canoe - (travel by canoe; 'canoe along the canal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaddlingABoat ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Canoe ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :Canopy :wnsense "canopy3n" ; :wordnet "canopy" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE the subtype ''Marquee'' is usually made of rigid materials, not cloth. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'canopy' in WordNet: 3. canopy - (a covering (usually of cloth) that serves as a roof to shelter an area from the weather) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shelter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fabric ; owl:onProperty :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Cantor :guid "c97d821c-2f57-41d8-8447-a9ab3a548003" ; :wnsense "cantor2n", "hazan1n" ; :wordnet "cantor", "hazan" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Leader of a jewish congregations who chants at services. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cantor' in WordNet: 2. cantor, hazan - (the official of a synagogue who conducts the liturgical part of the service and sings or chants the prayers intended to be performed as solos) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric . :Canvas :wnsense "canvas fabric1n", "canvas1n", "canvass fabric1n", "canvass7n" ; :wordnet "canvas", "canvas fabric", "canvass", "canvass fabric" ; a :FabricType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Substance ''Canvas'' a heavy fabric.Among other uses, it is used as the base for oil painting. NOTE: '''CanvasType'' was defined ad hoc for For use with @Pellet when defining ''Canvas''. RHW: 1. a closely woven, heavy cloth of cotton, hemp, or linen, used for tents, sails, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canvas' in WordNet: 1. (7) canvas, canvas fabric, canvass, canvass fabric - (a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, :OrganicSubstance, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :CanvasType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foldable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CanvasSheet :en "canvas sheet" ; :enn "canvas sheet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CanvasSheet'' is a sheet made of ''Canvas'', of any size. It can be large,such as the sheets spread on a baseball field when rain is falling. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Canvas ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :CanvasTent :wnsense "canvas tent1n" ; :wordnet "canvas tent" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canvas tent' in WordNet: 1. canvas tent, canvas, canvass - (a tent made of canvas fabric) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Canvas ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :CanvasType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CanvasType'' is a specialized subtype of ''FabricType'' included to permit referencing the small list of fabrics that can be used in ''Canvas''. For use with @Pellet """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FabricType . :Canyon :guid "be00ff4a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "canon3n", "canyon1n" ; :wordnet "canon", "canyon" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A deep, narrow valley with very steep sides and a river flowing through the bottom. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'canyon' in WordNet: 1. (5) canyon, canon - (a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Valley . :Caodaism :hasBeliever :Caodaists ; :hasTopic :ENG_There_is_only_one_God ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """Cao Dai is a relatively new, syncretist, monotheistic religion, officially established in Tay Ninh, southern Vietnam, in 1926. Dao Cao Dai is the religion's shortened name, the full name is Dai Dao Tam Ky Pho Do (Great Religion [of The] Third Period [of] Revelation [and] Salvation). The term Cao Dai literally means \"high place.\" Figuratively, it means that highest place where God reigns. It is also the abbreviated name for God, the creator of the universe, whose full title is Cao Dai Tien Ong Dai Bo Tat Ma-ha-tat (translation: Cao Dai [the] Ancient Sage [and] Great Bodhisattva Mahasattva). Within the title are representations of the Three Teachings: Saint, Sage and Buddha. """ . :Caodaists :believes :Caodaism ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ReligiousGroup . :Cap :guid "be01e76a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cap" ; :wnsense "cap1n" ; :wordnet "cap" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of Hat. In WordNet, 'cap' is not a subtype of Hat, but a sister type, both under 'headgear' A ''Cap'' may or may not have projecting brim (a ''Visor''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cap' in WordNet: 1. (10) cap - (a tight-fitting headdress) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hat . :Capability :en "able to", "capable of" ; :ldoce "ability", "can", "could", "power" ; :wnsense "ability1n", "able1adj", "capability1n", "power1n" ; :wordnet "ability", "able", "capability", "power" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: a Capability is an attribute of some physical object or PhysicalSubstance that specifies some role that that object or substance may play in events or processes. This is a very broad concept, including participation in actions (as agent or instrument or object acted on) and passive processes. Linguistically, 'Capability' is a nominalized form of 'capable', but in COSMO the adjective and nominalized form are represented as a single concept. In general, it is not necessary or desirable to list all the roles that an object may play, as in many cases those roles may be very numerous. This 'attribute' would be used rather to indicate the more salient roles that an object can play. For example, a Person who has a particular talent or skill could have that skill specified (e.g. 'AbilityToDanceTheTango'); a company that can make a particular product would have that capability specified (e.g. 'AbilityToManufactureWidgets'). For people, Capabilities to do specific actions often come in a wide range of degrees of expertise. Another important 'Capability' is categorized under the subtype 'Tendency', which specifies the way that an object is likely to behave; the tendency of non-living organic material to decompose when not frozen is an example of such a tendency. See 'Tendency' for additional discussion of that subtype. NOTE that to have a Capability does not mean that it is possible for the agent to perform that action at any time, or even that the agent has performed that action. There may be motivational inhibitions or blocking conditions that prevent an agent from exercising a Capability at any given time and place. NOTE that Having an 'Ability' is being able to perform a certain kind of Action. For Attributes that are abilities, the representation in COSMO uses the term 'Ability' to refer to the AttributeType, and 'Capability' to refer to the AttributeValue. This is somewhat arbitrary, as these distinctions are not clearly reflected in linguistic usage. This is commonly used for people, but is also applicable to the capabilities of machines,animals, or anything that can act as an agent in an Action. NOTE that artifacts are presumed to be able to perform their 'DesignFunction', but that cannot be a 'capability' since a 'DesignFunction' is an Event, whereas a 'Capability' is an AttributeValue, disjoint with Events. NOTE that for People with a ''Capability'' there is usually some degree of ''ProceduralKnowledge'' that is associated with that ''Capability''. In COSMO that is repreented as: ''Capabiity'' ''hasPart'' ''ProceduralKnowledge. Each CapabilityType represents the ability to serve in some Role in some type of Action or Event. The RoleType and ActionType are specified by the relations 'isAbilityToServeInRole' and 'isAbilityToServeInActionType', respectively. For any given Capability Type, the Roles and ActionTypes specified are interpreted to mean that the entity having that capability can serve in any of those Roles, in any of those Actions. **But** is is understood that for any given situation, there may be circumstances that prevent the Agent or Object from serving in that Role. The Roles may be as Agent, to initiate events, or as Instrument, to facilitate the actions of an Agent. @ToDO: do **computer programs** have Capabilities or only the computer that runs the program? If the program itself has capability, then this attribute would not be a property only of PhysicalObjects. How to specify that a ''ComputerProgram'' enables a computer to do things? Not resolved as of v0.48. Similar to a learned capability? Is a ComputerProgram a form of learning - at least when installed? To dissect individual capabilities, it is useful to create instances of the subtypes of this Type (InstrumentCapability or AgentCapability), and each of those instances should specify exactly what type of Action the role (Agent or Instrument) is effective in. A Capability will usually be labeled with an infinitive verbal form, with or without an object, such as 'ToDance' or 'ToEnableTelecommunication'. Each subtype of Capability is a role in some type of action that some Object can perform or assist in performing. One subtype of this is 'Function', specifically a type of action for which an object has been designed, either by some IntelligentAgent or by Evolution. Capabilities generally have more than one degree - as in 'Intelligence'. In CYC, classes representing types of capability are signaled by making them instances of a metaclass of 'capabilities'. COSMO avoids metaclasses except where necessary to serve as the type restriction on a relation's argument. Thus 'CapabilityType' is defined for that purpose. Instead of asserting a Capability on an Object, where the Role and ActionType are referenced by the CapabilityType, it is also possible oin COSMO to directly specify that an Object can serve as an Agent or Instrument by use of relations on instances or Types of Objects: canServeAsAgentInActionType canServeAsInstrumentInActionType . . . but the rules relating the logical implications of these assertions and those of asserting a CapabilityType are not representable in a simple OWL format. Extensions may use SWRL for this. The relation between a 'Capability' and the actual instance of physical action is 'wasRealizedByAction'. @ToDo: more elaboration needed (v0.45). Higher-arity relations would be useful here: {{?x hasCapability ?y} impliesThat {?x canPerformRole ?ROLE inEventType ?EVENTTYPE}} NOTE the triangular relation: an Artifact hasDesignFunction which is a CapabilityType, A Capability or Function wasRealizedByAction which is an *instance* of an Event or Action Type. see also 'ableToAffect' Cyc NOTE: Cyc has several higher-arity relations that relate an object or person to their ability or intended function. Similar relations may be defined when COSMO is convertable to FOL ******** QuaternaryPredicate rdf:ID='actsInCapacity'> rdfs:comment The predicate #$actsInCapacity indicates the capacity in which an agent participates in certain kinds of actions. (#$actsInCapacity AGENT ROLE SCRIPT-TYPE CAP) means that the agent AGENT plays the role ROLE in instances of SCRIPT-TYPE, and s/he does that role in the capacity CAP. CAP is a #$CapacityAttribute (q.v.) which describes the AGENT's mode of participation-e.g., as a job, hobby, main function, support function, etc. Contrast three cases of acts of #$GreetingSomeone, when #$performedBy: (1) instances of #$Receptionist, in their #$JobCapacity and as their #$MainFunction; (2) instances of #$FlightAttendant, in their #$JobCapacity but as a #$SupportFunction; and (3) instances of #$TrainEngineer, in a #$HobbyCapacity (though they do it while working, it's not part of their job) /QuaternaryPredicate TernaryPredicate rdf:ID='actsInCapacity-IntendedFunction' rdfs:comment: An instance of #$CapacityPredicate (#$actsInCapacity-IntendedFunction AGENT ROLE EVENT-TYPE) holds just in case when AGENT is performing ROLE in events of type EVENT-TYPE the agent is performing the event as one of its intended functions. For instance, if a stock broker is the buyer of stocks in some #$StockTrading, then (#$actsInCapacity-IntendedFunction Bob-TheStockBroker #$buyer #$StockTrading) holds. /TernaryPredicate TernaryPredicate rdf:ID='actsInCapacity-JobCapacity' rdfs:comment(#$actsInCapacity-JobCapacity AGT ROLE EVT-TYPE) holds just in case AGT's ROLE in acts of EVT-TYPE is in the capacity of a job. /TernaryPredicate ****************** Corresponds to parts of noun sense 1 of 'capability' and sense 1 of 'power' and senses 1 and 2 of 'ability' and adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'able' in WordNet; the more specific ability of agents is represented by 'AgentCapability'.: (for the notion of 'could' use 'hasCapability'. in WordNet: 1. (674) power, powerfulness - (possession of controlling influence; 'the deterrent power of nuclear weapons'; 'the power of his love saved her'; 'his powerfulness was concealed by a gentle facade') WN 'capability': 1. (8) capability, capableness - (the quality of being capable - physically or intellectually or legally; 'he worked to the limits of his capability') WN noun 'ability': 1. (20) ability - (the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment) WN adjective 'able': 1. (70) able - ((usually followed by 'to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something; 'able to swim'; 'she was able to program her computer'; 'we were at last able to buy a car'; 'able to get a grant for the project') 2. (7) able, capable - (have the skills and qualifications to do things well; 'able teachers'; 'a capable administrator'; 'children as young as 14 can be extremely capable and dependable') 3. (4) able - (having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity; 'able to learn'; 'human beings are able to walk on two feet'; 'Superman is able to leap tall buildings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProceduralKnowledge ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :CapabilityType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CapabilityType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Capability as their argument. A 'Capability' is a broad sense, and can be possessed by an Agent, a Device, a ChemicalSubstance, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValueType . :Capacitance :isAnAttributeValueOf :Capacitor ; :takesValue :Farad ; :wnsense "capacitance1n" ; :wordnet "capacitance" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Capacitance'' is a subtype of ''PhysicalAttribute'' that measures how much of electrical charge will be stored in a capacitor by the application of a specific level of voltage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capacitance' in Wordnet: 1. (1) capacitance, electrical capacity, capacity - (an electrical phenomenon whereby an electric charge is stored) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Functionattribute . :Capacitor :guid "bd58b974-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "capacitor1n", "condenser1n", "electrical condenser1n" ; :wordnet "capacitor", "condenser", "electrical condenser" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An electrical device used to store electrical charge. WN word 'capacitance' seems to be out of place here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capacitor' in WordNet: 1. (2) capacitor, capacitance, condenser, electrical condenser - (an electrical device characterized by its capacity to store an electric charge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, :TwoTerminalElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoringElectricalCharge ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capacitance ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cape-Clothing :guid "bd58a7d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cape2n", "mantle8n" ; :wordnet "cape", "mantle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WordNet: 'cape' - sleeveless and shorter than a full cloak or overcoat. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cape' in WordNet: 2. (1) cape, mantle - (a sleeveless garment like a cloak but shorter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cloak, :Wrap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleeveless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CapeBuffalo :wnsense "Cape buffalo1n", "Synercus caffer1n" ; :wordnet "Cape buffalo", "Synercus caffer" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Cape buffalo' in WordNet: 1. Cape buffalo, Synercus caffer - (large often savage buffalo of southern Africa having upward-curving horns; mostly in game reserves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OldWorldBuffalo . :CapeVerde a :Country . :Capillary :guid "bd6114fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "capillary vessel1n", "capillary2n" ; :wordnet "capillary", "capillary vessel" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all capillaries. An individual #$Capillary is a small, thin-walled #$BloodVessel in which gases, nutrients, and/or waste products are exchanged between the #$Blood and surrounding body tissues. There are four types of #$Capillary: a #$SystemicCapillary releases #$Oxygen to body tissue while absorbing #$CarbonDioxide and waste products into the #$Blood; a #$PulmonaryCapillary releases #$CarbonDioxide into a #$Lung, while taking up #$Oxygen; an #$IntestinalCapillary accepts nutrients into the #$Blood while also exchanging #$Oxygen and #$CarbonDioxide with intestinal tissue; and a #$HepaticCapillary releases waste products into the #$Liver. SUMO: A very small BloodVessel that connects arterioles (very small Arteries) with venules (very small Veins). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'capillary' in WordNet: 2. capillary, capillary vessel - (any of the minute blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Capital :FIBO "capital" ; :ldoce "capital" ; :wnsense "capital1n" ; :wordnet "capital" ; a :MoneyType, :ObjectType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Capital is some MoneyObject that has been designated as the money needed to finance some commercial venture. This is closest to sense 6 of 'capital' in RHW: 6. any form of wealth employed or capable of being employed in the production of more wealth. NOTE: this is not a specific quantity of Money, but a subtype of Money - Money with the attribute that it is allocated for use in investment, rather than consumption. In COSMO the 'wealth' must be sufficiently liquid to be rapidly converted to currency or its equivalent. Corresponds to FIBO 'capital', but instead of a relation to Money, this is a subtype of 'MoneyObject', which has some 'MoneyMeasure' as its value. Similar to sense 1 of 'capital' in WordNet: 1. capital, working capital - (assets available for use in the production of further assets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :MoneyObject, :Role . :CapitalCity :guid "bd58f295-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "capital" ; :wnsense "capital3n" ; :wordnet "capital" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'CapitalCityOfRegion'. In COSMO all 'capitals' of regions are cities. Cyc: A specialization of #$City. Each instance of #$CapitalCityOfRegion is a city that is the capital of its surrounding region. This includes capitals of countries as well as capitals of subregions of countries, such as states, provinces, and counties. Examples include #$CityOfRomeItaly, #$CityOfCardiffWales, #$CityOfAustinTX, #$CityOfAbidjanIvoryCoast, #$CityOfLhasaTibet, and #$CityOfColumbusOH. See also #$capitalCity and #$capitalCityOfThisState. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'capital' in WordNet: 3. (3) capital - (a seat of government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :City . :Capitalism :wnsense "capitalism1n", "capitalist economy1n" ; :wordnet "capitalism", "capitalist economy" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """note that this is an Event Group, not the ideology - this is an economy operating on capitalist principles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capitalism' in WordNet: 1. (9) capitalism, capitalist economy - (an economic system based on private ownership of capital) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarketEconomy . :CapitalismAdvocate :en "capitalism advocate" ; :wnsense "capitalist1n" ; :wordnet "capitalist" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CapitalismAdvocate'' is a ''Conservative'' who is a strong believer in ''Capitalism'' - the economy operating relatively free of government regulation... Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capitalist' in WordNet: 1. (1) capitalist - (a conservative advocate of capitalism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conservative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capitalism ; owl:onProperty :hadCauseOrAgentSupported ] . :Capitalist :wnsense "capitalist2n" ; :wordnet "capitalist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Capitalist'' is an ''Investor'' who invests more than a nominal sum of money in startup companies - possibly including the Investor's own business.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'capitalist' in WordNet: 2. capitalist - (a person who invests capital in a business (especially a large business)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Investor, :PartyInRole . :Capitalized :en "capitalized" ; :enadj "capitalized" ; :isAnAttributeOf :WrittenWord ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :WritingInCapitalLetters ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Capitalized'' is the attribute of a ''WrittenWord'' that has been writen in'capitalletters;,i.e. was produced by a ''WritingInCapitalLetters'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :CapitalizedWord :en "capitalized word" ; :enn "capitalized word" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CapitalizedWord'' is a ''WrittenWord'' that is produced by a ''WritingInCapitalLetters'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenWord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingInCapitalLetters ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capitalized ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CapitalizingOnSomething :wnsense "capitalise2v", "capitalize1v", "take advantage1v" ; :wordnet "capitalise", "capitalize", "take advantage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'capitalize' in WordNet: 1. (3) capitalize, capitalise, take advantage - (draw advantages from; 'he is capitalizing on her mistake'; 'she took advantage of his absence to meet her lover') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Self ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ] . :Cappuccino :guid "5545719a-2aa5-41d8-890f-ecd80f1cdd07" ; :wnsense "cappuccino coffee1n", "cappuccino1n", "coffee cappuccino1n" ; :wordnet "cappuccino", "cappuccino coffee", "coffee cappuccino" ; a :FluidType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Coffee-Beverage. Each instance of #$Cappuccino is a coffee beverage made from espresso and frothed milk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cappuccino' in WordNet: 1. cappuccino, cappuccino coffee, coffee cappuccino - (equal parts of espresso and hot milk topped with cinnamon and nutmeg and usually whipped cream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coffee . :Capsized :en "capsized" ; :enadj "capsized" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Boat ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Capsizing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Right-Side-Up ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Capsized'' is a subattribute of ''Overturned'' for boats turned upside-down on a BodyOfWater. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Overturned, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Capsizing :wnsense "capsize1v", "turn turtle1v", "turtle1v" ; :wordnet "capsize", "turn turtle", "turtle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Capsizing'' is an 'UpsideDownInversion' of a Boat in a BodyOfWater. This can include the transitive and intransitive senses. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'capsize' in WordNet: 1. capsize, turtle, turn turtle - (overturn accidentally; 'Don't rock the boat or it will capsize!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UpsideDownInversion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :Capsule a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Capsule'' is a 'small' ''Container'' (can be as large as a capsule in a spacecraft) that is moveable in some manner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capsule' in WordNet: 1. (2) capsule - (a small container) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Container . :CapsuleContainer :guid "c1007077-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "capsule1n" ; :wordnet "capsule" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$CapsuleContainer is a cylindrical container which completely contains some generic object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capsule' in WordNet: 1. (2) capsule - (a small container) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capsule, :CylindricalHollowObject, :StorageConstruct . :Captain :guid "329ed6b2-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "captain" ; :wnsense "captain1n", "captain2n" ; :wordnet "captain" ; a :PersonType, :USAirForceRankType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, :USNavyRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommissionedOfficer'' with Rank intermediate between #$FirstLieutenant-Rank and #$Major-Rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S.Army, a Captain usually commands an instance of #$Company-UnitDesignation or an instance of #$Battery-UnitDesignation with artillery. The naval rank of 'Captain' is approximately equivalent to the army rank of 'colonel', significantly higher than an army 'Captain'. This type is for all ranks called 'Captain' but they are not of equivalent responsibility in the different services. NOTE that this applies to the person who holds that rank; the abstract notion of 'rank' as an attribute is not yet (rev1009) represented in COSMO. This is for military (not police) ranks, but includes all branches of the military, senses 1 and 2 of 'captain' in WordNet: 1. (16) captain - (an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant) 2. (14) captain, skipper - (the naval officer in command of a military ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommissionedOfficer . :Caption :wnsense "caption3n", "legend2n" ; :wordnet "caption", "legend" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A short sequential group of Words (''Phrase'') that serves as a label that concisely conveys a description of the accompanying image or graphical illustration or table. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'caption' in WordNet: 3. caption, legend - (brief description accompanying an illustration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Label, :LinguisticDescription, :Phrase, :Title, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illustration ; owl:onProperty :describes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illustration ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Captioner :en "captioner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Captioner'' is a person who creates a ''Caption''. This type applies both to a one-time Captioner who just adds a caption to a photograph, or to a professional who works for a publication and performs Captioning full-time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captioning ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Captioning :wnsense "caption1n" ; :wordnet "caption" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Captioning'' is the action of a Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'caption' in WordNet: 1. caption - (provide with a caption, as of a photograph or a drawing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Providing, :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captioner ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Caption ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Caption ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Captivating :isMoreIntenseThan :Interesting ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Enchantment ; :wnsense "bewitching1adj", "captivating1adj", "enchanting1adj", "enthralling1adj", "entrancing1adj", "fascinating2adj" ; :wordnet "bewitching", "captivating", "enchanting", "enthralling", "entrancing", "fascinating" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Captivating'' (syn. 'enchanting') is an AttributeValue of something that causes a Feeling of ''Enchantment' in a Person, a more intense feeling than one of just being 'interested', that includes some degree of 'pleasure'. This is *not* for things that repel in a deeply interesting way. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'captivating' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bewitching, captivating, enchanting, enthralling, entrancing, fascinating - (capturing interest as if by a spell; 'bewitching smile'; 'Roosevelt was a captivating speaker'; 'enchanting music'; 'an enthralling book'; 'antique papers of entrancing design'; 'a fascinating woman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interesting, :Pleasant . :Captive :wnsense "captive1n" ; :wordnet "captive" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Captive is an Animal (including humans, but if specifically human, use 'Prisoner') that is confined to some small area, often a cage or cell, and is not allowed to leave that area at will. Someone under 'house arrest' or imprisoned in a low-security facility from which a prisoner can walk away is still a 'Captive'. An animal in a pen from which it is not allowed to wander is a 'Captive. The restriction requires that one specify a ''Capturing'' or ''Trapping'' Event by which the ''Captive'' was restrained. Domestic animals allowed free rein are not considered ''Captive''s in this sense (even if occasionally kept in a cage). However,pets mostly kept in cages (birds, hamsters) are included. . Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'captive' in WordNet (*but* for people use the subtype 'Prisoner'): in WordNet: 1. (1) prisoner, captive - (a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war) 2. (1) captive - (an animal that is confined) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :Catch, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAcquiredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Capturing :Trapping ) ] ] . :CaptiveAnimal :en "captive animal" ; :enn "captive animal" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CaptiveAnimal'' is an ''NonHumanAnimal'' that is in captivity. This does not necessarily imply that the Animal was captured, it may have been bred in captivity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Confined ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Captivity :wnsense "captivity1n", "immurement1n", "imprisonment2n", "incarceration1n" ; :wordnet "captivity", "immurement", "imprisonment", "incarceration" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Captivity'' is a state in which an Animal (usually a Person) has experienced ''Capturing''and is still ''Captured''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'captivity' in WordNet: 1. (2) captivity, imprisonment, incarceration, immurement - (the state of being imprisoned; 'he was held in captivity until he died'; 'the imprisonment of captured soldiers'; 'his ignominious incarceration in the local jail'; 'he practiced the immurement of his enemies in the castle dungeon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captive ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captured ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captured ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capturing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :CaptivityAttribute a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CaptivityAttribute is the AttributeType That points to the question of whether a person or animal is or is not in captivity. All domestic animals would have the status of being in captivity (even if they prefer to stay at home) (@ToDO should be differentiated. At r603 just starting). Values should include 'hostage'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertionalAttribute . :CaptivityStatus a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CaptivityStatus is an Attribute of a person (not an animal) indicating whether that person is in captivity, i.e. is in the custody of someone else. The values 'yes' or 'no' are the answer to the question: is this person in captivity? This is a general captivity status, not discriminating between captivity by police, armed forces, rogue militias, or other individuals. Subtypes can be more specific. (@ToDo: or a relation 'isHeldBy' on this Attribute could be used. Not done r603) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TruthAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CaptivityAttribute ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :YesOrNo ] . :Captured :ened "captured" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Captivity ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Capturing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Free ; :wnsense "captive1adj", "confined5adj" ; :wordnet "captive", "confined" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Captured'' is an AttributeValue of an animal (including people) that has been 'captured' by some method. A voluntary surrender without direct threat is not included. Includes but is braoader than adjective sense 1 of 'captive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) captive, confined, imprisoned, jailed - (in captivity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constrained, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :CapturedImage a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CapturedImage is an AbstractImage that was produced by some ImageCaptureEvent. The production of the CapturedImage must be accompanied by production of a corresponding PhysicalImage in some medium - paper, electronic, plastic, or an other. A single CapturedImage is represented by one or more PhysicalImages, and the CapturedImage exists only as long as one of the physical representations exist. A series of images representing a time sequence (a Movie) consists of multiple CapturedImages, and is classified elsewhere(@ToDo). A CapturedImage should represent objective information about the shape-related features of some object(s). An ImageCaptureEvent may be. e.g., taking a photograph, performing an MRI, PET scan, or an X-ray, taking fingerprints, or any other mechanical, electronic, or optical process that creates a representation of the shape of some object without the need for human manipulation of the actual captured image. Therefore painting a picture is not an ImageCaptureEvent, and a painting is not a CapturedImage in this sense. Infrared photographs that represent a temperature distribution over some physical object are CapturedImages, providing that the shape relations of the parts are preserved. A photograph (abstract) at any wavelength is a CapturedImage. NOTE that a device that creates an image by means other than simple photography may still produce a CapturedImage. An ElectronMicroscope produces a CapturedImage. However, a spectrograph that produces an image of the spectrum of a substance or sample does not produce a CapturedImage. A CapturedImage must represent the shape features (external or internal) of some physical object(s), even if those features are not perceptible through visible light. Representations of other features of physical objects, whether or not those representations are captured on a readable medium, are classified elsewhere. (@ToDo - ) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, :AbstractView, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ImageCaptureEvent ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :Capturing :en "capturing", "catching" ; :ldoce "capture", "catch", "get" ; :wnsense "capture3v", "catch5v", "get11v" ; :wordnet "capture", "catch", "get" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action in which one animal (including people) completes a 'TrappingOrPursuing'' (which can be but need not be some motion on foot or in a vehicle) by *catching up* (literally or figuratively) with the target of the Pursuit and captures it. This can be the activity of a police detective capturing a suspect after a search, and also of simple physical pursuit, such as of a predator capturing its prey. This also includes recreational pursuing, as in a football game where a player runs after and tackles another. This does not necssarily include holding the animal physically, as a Person could walk into a police station and surrender voluntarily. This does not include 'capturing' a chess piece in a game of chess, or a similar board game, or 'capturing' an image in a camera. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'capture' and sense 5 of 'catch' and sense 11 of 'get' in WordNet: 3. (4) get, catch, capture - (succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase; 'We finally got the suspect'; 'Did you catch the thief?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrappingOrPursuing ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFinishes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Catch ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captivity ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :CapturingAnAnimal :en "capturing an animal", "catching an animal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CapturingAnAnimal'' is a ''Capturing'' of a NonHumanAnimal. This can be done by a 'trapper' or an animal control officer, or by a petnapper, or a Cowboy lassoing a steer, among others. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capturing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captured ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonHumanAnimal ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ] . :CapuchinMonkey :guid "95e1abb1-0099-11d7-80a5-000347a4228d" ; :wnsense "Cebus capucinus1n", "capuchin2n", "ringtail3n" ; :wordnet "Cebus capucinus", "capuchin", "ringtail" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Capuchin': A specialization of #$Monkey. The Capuchin monkey belongs to the family Cebidae. There are five different species of Capuchin monkeys. NOTE: WN has only one species - this should represent all 5 until differentiation is needed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'capuchin' in WordNet: 2. capuchin, ringtail, Cebus capucinus - (monkey of Central America and South America having thick hair on the head that resembles a monk's cowl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Monkey . :Capybara :guid "bd634b46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris1n", "capibara1n", "capybara1n" ; :wordnet "Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris", "capibara", "capybara" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an aquatic rodent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capybara' in WordNet: 1. capybara, capibara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris - (pig-sized tailless South American amphibious rodent with partly webbed feet; largest living rodent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent . :CarDoor :wnsense "car door1n" ; :wordnet "car door" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'car door' in WordNet: 1. (1) car door - (the door of a car) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Door, :MechanicalAutoPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :CarHood :wnsense "hood5n" ; :wordnet "hood" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """usually in the front of a car, sometimes in the back - wherever the engine is. Typicvally oriented horizontally, but is often slanted somewhat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hood' in Wordnet: 5. hood, bonnet, cowl, cowling - (protective covering consisting of a metal part that covers the engine; 'there are powerful engines under the hoods of new cars'; 'the mechanic removed the cowling in order to repair the plane's engine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :AutoPart, :DryObject, :ManufacturedGoods, :PortalCovering, :SheetArtifact, :VehiclePart . :CarPool :wnsense "car pool1n" ; :wordnet "car pool" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CarPool'' is a GroupOfPeople who join together regularly - usually every working day - to commute in one of the vehicles owned by one of the members. The vehicle used on any given day will usually rotate among those of the members of the pool. It is possible for a member to not have a car. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'car pool' in WordNet: 1. car pool - (a small group of car drivers who arrange to take turns driving while the others are passengers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :AutomobileDriver ] . :CarSalesPerson :en "auto salesman", "auto salesperson", "car salesman" ; :guid "bd590782-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC ('CarDealer') The collection of persons who negotiate with a potential buyer of a car, find out what they want, and describe what is available. The WN 'car dealer' is the business, not the Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SalesPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :sells ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AutoDealer ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :Carafe :guid "c06a44b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carafe1n", "decanter1n" ; :wordnet "carafe", "decanter" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carafe' in WordNet: 1. carafe, decanter - (a bottle with a stopper; for serving wine or water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bottle, :ServingVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainerStopper ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Caramel :guid "c0a8f507-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Butter, :CaramelizedSugar, :Milk ; :wnsense "caramel1n" ; :wordnet "caramel" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A chewy candy made from caramelized sugar. NOTE: this is the substance ''Caramel'', not a type of ''CandyObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caramel' in WordNet: 1. caramel - (firm chewy candy made from caramelized sugar and butter and milk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Candy . :CaramelizedSugar :wnsense "caramel2n", "caramelized sugar1n" ; :wordnet "caramel", "caramelized sugar" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CaramelizedSugar'' is a processed form of ''TableSugar'' that turns it brown.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caramelized sugar' in WordNet: 1. caramel, caramelized sugar - (burnt sugar; used to color and flavor food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TableSugar . :CaravanVehicle :wnsense "caravan2n", "van3n" ; :wordnet "caravan", "van" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CaravanVehicle'' (i.e. a 'caravan') is a ''RecreationalVehicle'' having toilet and usually kitchen facilities that allow it to be used as the sole living quarters. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'caravan' in WordNet: 2. van, caravan - (a camper equipped with living quarters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CampingVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toilet ; owl:onProperty :contains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bed ; owl:onProperty :contains ] . :Carbide :guid "939c8bde-75cb-41d7-87eb-a3fee6ea718f" ; :wnsense "carbide1n" ; :wordnet "carbide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMOnote: CYC has thisas an 'organic compound' but most carbides are inorganic. Having a carbon atom is not sufficient to qualify as 'organic' by the traditional definition, which COSMO follows. CYC: A specialization of #$OrganicCompound. Instance of #$Carbide are binary solid compounds of #$Carbon with another element. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbide' in WordNet: 1. carbide - (a binary compound of carbon with a more electropositive element) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carbon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Carbohydrate :guid "bdbca564-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carbohydrate1n" ; :wordnet "carbohydrate" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type represents the technical meaning 'carbohydrate', which may include types (such as opticla isomers) that are not metabolizable. Metabolizable carbohydrates that may serve as Food are represented as the subtype ''MetabolizableCarbohydrate'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbohydrate' in WordNet: 1. carbohydrate, saccharide, sugar - (an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alcohol, :MolecularStuff . :Carbon :hasProtonCount "6"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "carbon1n" ; :wordnet "carbon" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element with six protons in each nucleus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbon' in WordNet: 1. (10) carbon, C, atomic number 6 - (an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement . :CarbonAtom :wnsense "carbon atom1n" ; :wordnet "carbon atom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One atom of ''Carbon''; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbon atom' in WordNet: 1. carbon atom - (an atom of carbon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carbon ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "6"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasProtonCount ] . :CarbonCompound :hasComponentSubstance :Carbon ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' containing ''Carbon''" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carbon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :CarbonDioxide :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CO2 ; :hasComponentSubstance :Carbon, :Oxygen ; :wnsense "CO21n", "carbon dioxide1n", "carbonic acid gas1n" ; :wordnet "CO2", "carbon dioxide", "carbonic acid gas" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The compound with one carbon and two oxygens in each molecule - CO2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carbon dioxide' in WordNet: 1. (4) carbon dioxide, CO2, carbonic acid gas - (a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances; absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dioxide, :Gas . :CarbonHalide :hasComponentSubstance :Carbon, :Halogen ; :wnsense "halide1n" ; :wordnet "halide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Any ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' having a halogen atom singly bonded to a carbon atom. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarbonCompound, :Halide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Halogen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Carbonated :isAnAttributeValueOf :LiquidObject, :LiquidSubstance, :LiquidThing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :CarbonDioxide ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :HavingCarbonDioxideInside ; :wnsense "carbonated1n" ; :wordnet "carbonated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Carbonated'' is an Attribute of a ''LiquidSubstance'' or ''LiquidObject'' that has a content of ''CarbonDioxide'' whose partial pressure exceeds the pressure of ''CarbonDioxide'' in the air, and therefore will emit ''CarbonDioxide'', by bubbling if the pressure inside the container is reduced, such as by opening it - e.g. by popping the cork. The CarbonDioxide can be generated naturally such as by fermentation, or can be added, as is usual for ''SoftDrink'' ''CarbonatedBeverage''s. This does not apply to the CO2 in the Blood or other fuids inside Organisms, because that CO2 is in equilibrium with the outside atmospheric CO2, except for a slight overpressure released by respiration. When the pressure keeping the CarcbonDioxide in solution is released and bubbles of CO2 are formed the liquid also becomes ''Effervescent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'carbonated' in Wordnet: 1. carbonated - (having carbonation (especially artificially carbonated)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :CarbonatedBeverage :guid "bd58b44d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :CarbonDioxide ; a :BeverageType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Beverage carbonated (having carbon dioxide in supersaturated concentration) either naturally (springs) or artificially. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :Beverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Effervescent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CarboxylGroup :wnsense "carboxyl group1n", "carboxyl1n" ; :wordnet "carboxyl", "carboxyl group" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AtomGroup that is part of a larger Molecule, consisting of a carbon bound to two oxygens, in which one of the oxygens has a hydrogen bound, and in which the carbon is also bound to another atom: the carboxyl group (-CO2H). Characteristic Constituent of organic acids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carboxyl group' in WordNet: 1. carboxyl, carboxyl group - (the univalent radical -COOH; present in and characteristic of organic acids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalMoiety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganicAcid ; owl:onProperty :isaCharacteristicPartOf ] . :Carburetor :guid "bd589e18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carburetor1n", "carburettor1n" ; :wordnet "carburetor", "carburettor" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carburetor' in WordNet: 1. carburetor, carburettor - (mixes air with gasoline vapor prior to explosion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :MechanicalDevice, :VehiclePart . :Carcass :wnsense "carcase1n", "carcass1n" ; :wordnet "carcase", "carcass" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The dead body of ''NonHumanAnimal''. This type is only for a ''NonHumanAnimal'' corpse that recently died and is potentially useful for some purpose, such as its skin or meat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carcass' in WordNet: 1. (2) carcase, carcass - (the dead body of an animal especially one slaughtered and dressed for food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corpse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonHumanAnimal ; owl:onProperty :wasOfType ] . :Carcinogen :induces :Cancer ; :wnsense "carcinogen1n" ; :wordnet "carcinogen" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Carcinogen' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' (often but not necessarily a defined chemical substance) that, when in contact with an animal, may induce cancers. This need a specialized medical relation to express the notion of 'exposure to' (?'whenExposedToInduces''?? - see allergen) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carcinogen' in WordNet: 1. carcinogen - (any substance that produces cancer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cancer ; owl:onProperty :induces ] . :Card :guid "c0fd456f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "card" ; :wnsense "card4n", "card7n" ; :wordnet "card" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ExistingObjectType, and a specialization of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject. Each instance of #$Card is a small, sturdy sheet of stuff - usually cardstock paper, although it could be plastic or thin metal - bearing some kind of information. Specializations of #$Card include #$CreditCard, #$BusinessCard, and #$PostCard. Note that electronic objects that perform the same functions as some instances of #$Card (for example, electronic greeting cards) are not instances of #$Card. NOTE: for an 'identity card' use ''IDDocument''. for a ''PlayingCard'' for games, use subtype ''PlayingCard'' for a 'greeting card' use subtype ''GreetingCard''. NOTE: the restriction 'Stiff' implies that a Card is stiffer than a piece of paper of 24 pound or lower stock. Includes senses 4 and 7 of 'card' in WordNet - i.e. any kind of card made of stiff paper: in WordNet: 4. card - (thin cardboard, usually rectangular) 7. calling card, visiting card, card - (a printed or written greeting that is left to indicate that you have visited) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :SmallRigidSheet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CardDealer :wnsense "dealer5n" ; :wordnet "dealer" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CardDealer'' is the Player who 'deals' (distributes) the cards in a CardGame Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dealer' in WordNet: 5. dealer - (the person who distributes the playing cards in a card game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DealingCards ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :CardGame :wnsense "card game1n", "cards1n" ; :wordnet "card game", "cards" ; a :GameType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of a large variety of Games that use a deck of playing cards, or part of a deck, usually but not necessarily played indoors, while sitting. Not an athletic sport. NOTE that this is not the *act* of playing cards (use 'PlayingACardGame'), but the specification for the game. NOTE: that this type of Game is one that uses a traditional deck of cards; not every game that uses cards is a 'CardGame'; many board games use cards, and the Tarot deck is not a traditional set of cards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'card game' in WordNet: 1. card game, cards - (a game played with playing cards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingACardGame ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :CardPlayer :en "cards player" ; :enn "cards player" ; :wnsense "card player1n" ; :wordnet "card player" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CardPlayer' is a ''Player'' who participates ('plays') in a ''CardGame'' of any kind. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'card player' in WordNet: 1. card player - (someone who plays (or knows how to play) card games) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Player, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CardGame ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingACardGame ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :CardSuit :wnsense "suit3n" ; :wordnet "suit" ; a :CardSuitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CardSuit'' is any one of the four traditional 'suits' of playing cards. The 'joker' does not have a suit. The suits are named in the plural (spades hearts, diamonds, clubs), and the singular can represent a particular type of card ('a spade', 'a club') in that suit. Each ''CardSuit'' is a ''Group'' of cards of one particular suit, and each card of **that suit** ''isaComponentElementOf'' **that suit**. WN usage of 'suit' differs from this COSMO usage; the WN usages is closer to the meanigs of ''SpadeCard'' HeartCard'' ''ClubCard'' and ''DiamondCard\" Most closely corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'suit' in WordNet: 3. (3) suit - (playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color; 'a flush is five cards in the same suit'; 'in bridge you must follow suit'; 'what suit is trumps?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Sort . :CardSuitType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CardSuitType'' is a metatype used to allow specifying which of the four tradtional card suits a particular card belongs to.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupType . :Cardboard :ldoce "cardboard" ; :wnsense "cardboard1n" ; :wordnet "cardboard" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A thick form of 'Paper' in a sheet-like form, often laminated and formed of layers using glue as adhesive.. In RHW this is a subtype of 'pasteboard' but as of v0.49 'pasteboard' is not represented in COSMO, so this type serves also for 'pasteboard'. RHW: 1. a thin, stiff pasteboard, used for signs, boxes, etc. RHW (pasteboard) 1. a stiff, firm board made of sheets of paper pasted or layers of paper pulp pressed together. in WordNet: 1. (1) cardboard, composition board - (a stiff moderately thick paper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CardboardBox :en "cardboard box" ; :wnsense "carton2n" ; :wordnet "carton" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Box made mostly of Cardboard (some tape or staples or strapping tape may also be used). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'carton' in WordNet: 2. carton - (a box made of cardboard; opens by flaps on top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Box, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cardboard ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Cardiac :pertainsTo :Heart ; :wnsense "cardiac1adj" ; :wordnet "cardiac" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Also 'coronary' as per RHW 'coonary': 1. of or pertaining to the human heart, with respect to health. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cardiac' in Wordnet: 1. cardiac - (of or relating to the heart; 'cardiac arrest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Cardigan :guid "bd5881be-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cardigan1n" ; :wordnet "cardigan" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sweater which opens in front. Corresponds (sort of) to noun sense 1 of 'cardigan' in WordNet (??this is a sweater, not a 'jacket' in the usual sense - but in WN it is a subtype of 'sweater'): in WordNet: 1. cardigan - (knitted jacket that is fastened up the front with buttons or a zipper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sweater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Button ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Cardinal :wnsense "cardinal1adj", "central1adj", "fundamental1adj", "key1adj", "primal1adj" ; :wordnet "cardinal", "central", "fundamental", "key", "primal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cardinal' in Wordnet: 1. (3) cardinal, central, fundamental, key, primal - (serving as an essential component; 'a cardinal rule'; 'the central cause of the problem'; 'an example that was fundamental to the argument'; 'computers are fundamental to modern industrial structure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Basic, :Salient ; owl:disjointWith :Uninteresting . :CardinalBird :inContext :StateOfVirginia ; :wnsense "Cardinalis cardinalis1n", "Richmondena Cardinalis1n", "cardinal grosbeak1n", "cardinal4n", "redbird2n" ; :wordnet "Cardinalis cardinalis", "Richmondena Cardinalis", "cardinal", "cardinal grosbeak", "redbird" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, :StateBird, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For the Catholic high-ranking Bishop use ''CatholicCardinal''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardinal' in WordNet: 4. cardinal, cardinal grosbeak, Richmondena Cardinalis, Cardinalis cardinalis, redbird - (crested thick-billed North American finch having bright red plumage in the male) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Finch . :Cardinality :takesValue :CardinalityValue ; :wnsense "cardinality1n" ; :wordnet "cardinality" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property type of a Set, Group, or List specifying the number of elements contained in that aggregate. Note that this is the attribute type, and the attribute values are represented as instances of CardinalityValue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardinality' in WordNet: 1. cardinality - ((mathematics) the number of elements in a set or group (considered as a property of that grouping)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupAttribute, :Size . :CardinalityValue :ldoce "count" ; :wnsense "count1n" ; :wordnet "count" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of a Group or Set: A nonnegative whole number, together with the UnitOfMeasure 'elements'. NOTE that 'Cardinality' and 'Dimensionality' are often expressed as pure numbers, but in COSMO as AttributeValues actually have a 'UnitOfMeasure' associated with the number. For convenience, the datatype properties 'hasCardinalityNumber' and 'hasDimensionalityNumber' are defined with datatype integers as the value. Approximately similar to WordNet noun sense 1 of 'count': in WordNet: 1. (4) count - (the total number counted; 'a blood count') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :elements ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonnegativeInt ] . :Cardiologist :wnsense "cardiologist1n", "heart specialist1n" ; :wordnet "cardiologist", "heart specialist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Cardiologists are doctors who specialize in the study and care of the heart, its actions and diseases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardiologist' in WordNet: 1. cardiologist, heart specialist, heart surgeon - (a specialist in cardiology; a specialist in the structure and function and disorders of the heart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cardiology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Cardiology :wnsense "cardiology1n" ; :wordnet "cardiology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardiology' in WordNet: 1. cardiology - (the branch of medicine dealing with the heart and its diseases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CardiovascularDisease ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heart ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cardiologist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Cardiovascular :pertainsTo :CardiovascularDisease, :CardiovascularSystem, :CirculatorySystem, :Heart ; :wnsense "cardiovascular1adj" ; :wordnet "cardiovascular" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cardiovascular' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cardiovascular - (of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels; 'cardiovascular conditioning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CardiovascularDisease :wnsense "cardiovascular disease1n" ; :wordnet "cardiovascular disease" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CardiovascularDisease'' is a ''Disase'' affecting the ''Heart'' and/or blood vessels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardiovascular disease' in WordNet: 1. cardiovascular disease - (a disease of the heart or blood vessels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heart ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :CardiovascularSystem :wnsense "cardiovascular system1n", "circulatory system1n" ; :wordnet "cardiovascular system", "circulatory system" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The system consisting of the Heart and all of the blood vessels. NOTE: this type does not include the lymphatic system. Online \" Cardiovascular means 'having to do with the heart and blood vessels'. Your cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system. Your heart, arteries, veins, and lungs all work together to circulate nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to every single part of your body. \" NOTE that the number of ''Heart''s is set to 1 - normally there is only one, but these days it is possible to have a piggy-back' heart implant, giving a Person more than one heart. Perhaps a maximum of 2? or even 3? Anyone know? Also note that the ''heart'' is specified as a 'Physicalpart'' rather than an ''OrganicPart'' to allow for artificial hearts to be included as a (nontraditional) part of the 'CardiovascularSystem'' in certain people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardiovascular system' in WordNet: 1. circulatory system, cardiovascular system - (the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :PhysiologicalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodVessel ; owl:minCardinality "20" ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heart ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :CareOrganization :isaSynonymOf :MedicalCareOrganization ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO term for 'MedicalCareOrganization'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Carefree :isTheOppositeOf :Troubled ; :wnsense "carefree1adj", "unworried1adj" ; :wordnet "carefree", "unworried" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'carefree' in Wordnet: 1. (4) carefree, unworried - (free of trouble and worry and care; 'the carefree joys of childhood'; 'carefree millionaires, untroubled financially') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute, :Untroubled . :Careful :wnsense "attentive2adj", "careful2adj", "heedful1adj", "heedful2adj", "heedful3adj", "paying attention1adj", "thoughtful4adj" ; :wordnet "attentive", "careful", "heedful", "paying attention", "thoughtful" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective sense 2 of 'careful' and part of sense 1 (not including 'cautious') and senses 1,2, and 3 of 'heedful' and sense 4 of 'thoughtful' and sense 1 of 'conscientious' in WordNet: 1. (19) careful - (exercising caution or showing care or attention; 'they were careful when crossing the busy street'; 'be careful to keep her shoes clean'; 'did very careful research'; 'careful art restorers'; 'careful of the rights of others'; 'careful about one's behavior') 2. (2) careful, heedful - (cautiously attentive; 'careful of her feelings'; 'heedful of his father's advice') WN adjective 'heedful': 1. heedful, attentive, thoughtful, paying attention - (taking heed; giving close and thoughtful attention; 'heedful of the warnings'; 'so heedful a writer'; 'heedful of what they were doing') 2. careful, heedful - (cautiously attentive; 'careful of her feelings'; 'heedful of his father's advice') 3. advertent, heedful - (giving attention) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute . :Carefully :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Cautious ; :wnsense "carefully2adv", "cautiously1adv", "with kid gloves1adv" ; :wordnet "carefully", "cautiously", "with kid gloves" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Carefully'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the action had the property ''Cautious'' (was performed with caution). Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'carefully' in Wordnet: 2. (7) cautiously, carefully, with kid gloves - (with caution or prudence or tact; 'she ventured cautiously downstairs'; 'they handled the incident with kid gloves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Caregiver :wnsense "caregiver2n" ; :wordnet "caregiver" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Caregiver'' is a ''Carer'and a ''Guardian' of some Person who needs some form of help or supervision. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'caregiver' in WordNet: 2. caregiver - (a person who is responsible for attending to the needs of a child or dependent adult) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carer, :Guardian, :HumanAdult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingCareOfaPerson ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Careless :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Carelessness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Cautious ; :ldoce "careless" ; :wnsense "careless1adj" ; :wordnet "careless" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling Carelessnes. This can be due to a lack of attention while performing a task, or a general lack of concern about possible hazards. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'careless' in WordNet: 1. (4) careless - (marked by lack of attention or consideration or forethought or thoroughness; not careful; 'careless about her clothes'; 'forgotten by some careless person'; 'a careless housekeeper'; 'careless proofreading'; 'it was a careless mistake'; 'hurt by a careless remark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute . :Carelessness :wnsense "carelessness1adj", "sloppiness3n" ; :wordnet "carelessness", "sloppiness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A static Event during which a person experiences carelessness for some interval of time. Includes both senses of adjective 'carelessness' in Wordnet: 1. (1) carelessness, sloppiness - (the quality of not being careful or taking pains) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oversight ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Carer :en "carer", "caretaker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Carer'' is a ''Person'' 'cares for' one or more other animals, usually a person.; this Person performs a ''TakingCareOfSomething'' Action NoWn sense. RHW has sense 4 for 'caretaker', close to this meaning: 4. a person who takes care of another. See more specific subtype ''Caregiver'' who takes care of a '''Person''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :TakingCareOfSomething ] . :Caressing :en "caressing" ; :guid "bd58f367-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "caress1n", "caress1v" ; :wordnet "caress" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which someone is caressed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'caress' in WordNet: 1. (5) caress - (touch or stroke lightly in a loving or endearing manner; 'He caressed her face'; 'They caressed in the back seat of the taxi') WN noun 'caress': 1. (2) caress - (a gentle affectionate stroking (or something resembling it); 'he showered her with caresses'; 'soft music was a fond caress'; 'the caresses of the breeze played over his face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rubbing . :Caretaker a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Difference from 'custodian'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caretaker' in WordNet: 1. (1) caretaker - (a custodian who is hired to take care of something (property or a person)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Custodian, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingProperty ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Cargo :wnsense "cargo1n", "consignment1n", "freight1n", "lading1n", "load3n", "loading4n", "payload1n", "shipment1n" ; :wordnet "cargo", "consignment", "freight", "lading", "load", "loading", "payload", "shipment" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Cargo (also 'freight') consists of one or more physical objects of transportable size (HumanScaleObjects) that is or was being transported on a TransportationDevice in a ''Shipping'' Event, for which a fee was paid in return for the service of carrying the item(s) This is a Role, since items are 'Cargo' only while they are being transported. Something transported without paying a Fee can be represented by the parent ''Load''. Traveller's luggage which is carried for free is not Cargo, but if a traveller carries excess weight and must pay for some item to be carried, that item is Cargo. This is the most general concept of Cargo; there are many subcategories of Cargo, some of which are regulated or taxed in specific ways by authorities that regulate shipping. NOTE that as a Group, this could be one or more items considered as a unit. NOTE that Cargo is a Role that must be related to some TransportationEvent. But some TransportationEvents transport only pasengers, so the opposite is not necessarily true. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cargo' in WordNet: 1. (3) cargo, lading, freight, load, loading, payload, shipment, consignment - (goods carried by a large vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Load, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shipping ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ] . :CargoShip :wnsense "cargo ship1n", "cargo vessel1n" ; :wordnet "cargo ship", "cargo vessel" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CargoShip'' is a ''Ship'' that has as its primary design purpose the transport of cargo (as contrasted with passengers). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cargo ship' in WordNet: 1. cargo ship, cargo vessel - (a ship designed to carry cargo) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ship . :CargoVessel :wnsense "cargo ship1n", "cargo vessel1n" ; :wordnet "cargo ship", "cargo vessel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CargoVessel is a Vessel designed with a primary purpose to transport cargo, rather than passengers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cargo vessel' in WordNet: 1. cargo ship, cargo vessel - (a ship designed to carry cargo) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cargo ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :Caribbean :en "Caribbean" ; :enadj "Caribbean" ; :pertainsTo :CaribbeanArea, :TheCaribbeanSea ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not in WN. RHW adj 'Caribbean': 1. pertaining to the Caribs, the Lesser Antilles, or the Caribbean Sea and its islands. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CaribbeanArea :wnsense "Caribbean1n" ; :wordnet "Caribbean" ; a :GeographicalArea, :HabitatArea ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Caribean' in WordNet: 2. Caribbean - (region including the Caribbean islands) """ . :Caricature :wnsense "caricature1n", "imitation4n", "impersonation1n" ; :wordnet "caricature", "imitation", "impersonation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caricature' in WordNet: 1. caricature, imitation, impersonation - (a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Humor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Humorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CaricaturingSomeone :wnsense "ape2v", "caricature1v" ; :wordnet "ape", "caricature" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CaricaturingSomeone'' is a subtype of ''MockingSomeone'' by performing ''Mimcry'' of that Person, in a humorous manner intended to cause others to consider the Person mocked to be silly or ridiclous. This can be done writing or in performing an imitation, or in a drawing (sketch) that represents the Persn caricatured. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'caricature' in WordNet: 1. (1) caricature, ape - (represent in or produce a caricature of; 'The drawing caricatured the President') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mimicry, :MockingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Caricature ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CaringAboutSomething :ldoce "care" ; :wnsense "care1v" ; :wordnet "care" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CaringAboutSomething' is a stative Event (an Event in which some property stays constant - often called a 'state'), during which some 'IntentionalAgent' is concerned to some degree about an existing or possible state of affairs. This captures the notion of 'caring' expressed in phrases such as 'he cares a lot about his children's education' or 'she doesn't care at all about his opinion'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'care' in WordNet: 1. (64) care - (feel concern or interest; 'I really care about my work'; 'I don't care') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalReferringThing, :HavingAnOpinion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Evaluating :Judging ) ] ] . :Carjacking :wnsense "carjack1v", "carjacking1n" ; :wordnet "carjack", "carjacking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of ''Hijacking'' in which the thing taken is an ''Automobile''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'carjack' in WordNet: 1. carjack - (take someone's car from him by force, usually with the intention of stealing it; 'My car was carjacked last night!') WN noun 'carjacking': 1. carjacking - (the violent theft of an occupied car) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hijacking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ] . :CarmineColor :guid "8585995c-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "carmine1adj" ; :wordnet "carmine" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the broad WN synset is broken into different subtypes in COSMO each using the same synset as a label. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'ruby-red' in Wordnet: 1. red, reddish, ruddy, blood-red, carmine, cerise, cherry, cherry-red, crimson, ruby, ruby-red, scarlet - (of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :Carnation :en "carnation" ; a :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Carnation'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''CarnationPlant''. No sense of 'carnation' in Wordnet for the flower alone. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CutFlower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarnationPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFlowerOfa ] . :CarnationPlant :wnsense "Dianthus caryophyllus1n", "carnation1n", "clove pink1n", "gillyflower2n" ; :wordnet "Dianthus caryophyllus", "carnation", "clove pink", "gillyflower" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CarnationPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'carnation', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Carnation'' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carnation' in Wordnet: 1. carnation, clove pink, gillyflower, Dianthus caryophyllus - (Eurasian plant with pink to purple-red spice-scented usually double flowers; widely cultivated in many varieties and many colors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GardenPink . :Carnival :guid "c0fceb43-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carnival1n" ; :wordnet "carnival" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Rides, games, food - a carnival. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carnival' in WordNet: 1. (1) carnival - (a festival marked by merrymaking and processions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Festival . :Carnivore :CYC "CarnivoreOrder" ; :guid "bd58f431-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carnivore1n" ; :wordnet "carnivore" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'CarnivoreOrder', a subdivision of Mammal. The restriction requires that a Carnivore feedsOn (typically) 'Meat'. Specific types of Carnivore may feed on specific animals - that can be expressed as a restriction on the subtypes. For carnivorous animals that are not mammals, use 'CarnivorousOrganism' or some subtype of that type. SUMO: The Class of flesh-eating Mammals. Members of this Class typically have four or five claws on each paw. Includes cats, dogs, bears, racoons, and skunks. Cyc 'CarnivoreOrder': An instance of #$BiologicalOrder, and a specialization of #$Mammal. Instances of #$CarnivoreOrder are mammals whose teeth are adapted for efficient cutting of meat and tendon. Although instances of #$CarnivoreOrder have teeth adapted for eating meat, not all instances of #$CarnivoreOrder are meat-eaters; #$Bears are omnivorous, while #$PandaBears are usually vegetarians. See also the collection #$Carnivore. NOTE that humans are not classified as Carnivores. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carnivore' in WordNet: 1. carnivore - (a terrestrial or aquatic flesh-eating mammal; 'terrestrial carnivores have four or five clawed digits on each limb') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarnivorousOrganism, :NonHumanAnimal, :PlacentalMammal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Carnivorous :wnsense "carnivorous2adj" ; :wordnet "carnivorous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'carnivorous' in Wordnet: 2. carnivorous - ((used of plants as well as animals) feeding on animals; 'carnivorous plants are capable of trapping and digesting small animals especially insects') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :CarnivorousOrganism :guid "bd5904f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """AN organism that eats animals - in Cyc includes carnivorous plants. In Cyc called 'Carnivore', but that term is usually reserved for animals, so 'Carnivore' is made a subtype of this category. Cyc: An #$OrganismClassificationType that classifies organisms by their typical source of food. Instances of #$Carnivore typically eat animals (or animal parts or animal-derived products) exclusively. Note that #$Carnivore is _not_ an instance of #$BiologicalTaxon (q.v.); cf. #$CarnivoreOrder. Also note that a #$Carnivore is not necessarily a #$Heterotroph; e.g. carnivorous plants both digest insects and produce food using #$Chlorophyll. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carnivorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Carousel :guid "be010327-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carousel2n", "carrousel2n", "merry-go-round2n", "roundabout2n", "whirligig2n" ; :wordnet "carousel", "carrousel", "merry-go-round", "roundabout", "whirligig" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Merry-go-rounds. A relatively slow-moving, circular, amusement park ride that rotates multiple times in a horizontal plane, in which people sit on carousel 'horses' or benches, usually to the accompaniment of music. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'carousel' in WordNet: 2. carousel, carrousel, merry-go-round, roundabout, whirligig - (large mechanical apparatus with seats for children to ride on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmusementParkRide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultirevolutionRotation ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Carp :wnsense "carp1n" ; :wordnet "carp" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carp' in WordNet: 2. carp - (any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CypriniformFish, :FreshWaterFish . :Carpel :guid "bd58e9d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carpel1n" ; :wordnet "carpel" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A carpel is the part of a flower which encloses ovules; the female spore-bearing structures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carpel' in WordNet: 1. carpel - (a simple pistil or one element of a compound pistil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pistil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flower ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Carpenter :guid "bd590343-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carpenter1n" ; :wordnet "carpenter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who constructs things or works with wood. SUMO: Any occupation that involves creating and repairing Artifacts that are made chiefly of Wood. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carpenter' in Wordnet: 1. (8) carpenter - (a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TradeWorker . :CarpenterAnt :wnsense "carpenter ant1n" ; :wordnet "carpenter ant" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carpenter ant' in WordNet: 1. carpenter ant - (ant that nests in decaying wood in which it bores tunnels for depositing eggs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :CarpentryTool :en "carpentry tool" ; :guid "bd58c9e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of tools. An instance of #$CarpentryTool is any tool (not limited to hand tools) that is used in carpentry. Examples include table saws, jigsaws, hammers, woodworking tools, etc. By default, a carpenter would be skilled at using such tools.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardwareTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woodworking ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Carpet :guid "bd58c10e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToCover :Floor ; :wnsense "carpet1n", "rug1n" ; :wordnet "carpet", "rug" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object (not a substance) that is a thick textile to cover floors, and may be attached (wall-to-wall) or a easily movable rug. NOTE; the cyc description suggests a substance (material) but this is interpreted as an Object. Cyc: The generic material called carpet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carpet' and sense 1 of 'rug' in WordNet. NOTE that a 'Rug' in COSMO cannot be attached to the floor, therefore is a subtype of this type, which includes both carpets and rugs. in WordNet: 1. (3) rug, carpet, carpeting - (floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :FloorCovering, :TextileArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Floor ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Carport :wnsense "car port1n", "carport1n" ; :wordnet "car port", "carport" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Carport'' is a small ''Outbuilding'' with no walls other than the wall to which it is attached, ground level with direct access to the driveway, and only large enough to park at least one ''Automobile' inside, to allow it to stay out of bad weather, and to permit access without the pasengers being exposed to the weather. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carport' in WordNet: 1. carport, car port - (garage for one or two cars consisting of a flat roof supported on poles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outbuilding, :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParkingSpace ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Carrier :wnsense "carrier10n", "carrier11n", "carrier1n", "carrier2n", "carrier3n", "carrier4n", "carrier5n", "carrier7n", "carrier88n", "carrier9n" ; :wordnet "carrier" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the most general sense of 'carrier', labeling any physical object (including qualities of a physical substance) that physically bears something from one place to another. The more specific subtypes can be added as required, specifying restrictions on what can carry something and what is carried. Includes all noun senses of 'carrier' in WordNet: 1. (3) carrier, bearer, toter - (someone whose employment involves carrying something; 'the bonds were transmitted by carrier') 2. (3) carrier - (a self-propelled wheeled vehicle designed specifically to carry something; 'refrigerated carriers have revolutionized the grocery business') 3. (3) aircraft carrier, carrier, flattop, attack aircraft carrier - (a large warship that carries planes and has a long flat deck for takeoffs and landings) 4. (1) carrier - (an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction) 5. (1) carrier, common carrier - (a person or firm in the business of transporting people or goods or messages) 7. mailman, postman, mail carrier, letter carrier, carrier - (a man who delivers the mail) 8. carrier, newsboy - (a boy who delivers newspapers) 9. carrier, immune carrier - ((medicine) a person (or animal) who has some pathogen to which he is immune but who can pass it on to others) 10. carrier - (a rack attached to a vehicle; for carrying luggage or skis or the like) 11. carrier - ((genetics) an organism that possesses a recessive gene whose effect is masked by a dominant allele; the associated trait is not apparent but can be passed on to offspring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carrying ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Carrot :wnsense "carrot1n", "carrot3n" ; :wordnet "carrot" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Root'' of a ''CarrotPlant''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, :Root, :VegetableFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarrotPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrangeColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carrots-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :CarrotPlant :wnsense "carrot2n" ; :wordnet "carrot" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'carrot' in WordNet: 2. carrot, cultivated carrot, Daucus carota sativa - (perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :Carrots-Foodstuff :en "carrot stuff", "carrots" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Starch ; :isDerivedFrom :Potato ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type ''Carrots-Foodstuff'' is the substance of which a ''Carrot'' consists. This represents the 'stuff' made from''Carrot''s in any form, a quantity of whole carrots, diced, mashed, or sliced, or whatever shape. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrangeColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :CarryStrap :guid "c1005a2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "strap1n", "strap3n" ; :wordnet "strap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ribbonlike flexible Object designed for attachment to a ''PortableCarrier'' at both ends, to enable convenient carrying. Maximium length less than 6 feet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrapHandle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PortableCarrier ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :Carrying :en "carrying" ; :ldoce "bear", "carry" ; :wnsense "bear4v", "carry1v", "carry2v" ; :wordnet "bear", "carry" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most generic sense of 'Carrying' in which an animal (including people) or device moves itself in a translation event and in doing so also moves another object which is supported by the animal or device. A pipe that 'carries' a liquid or gas is not included in this sense. Carrying is a Translocation, and for each instance of 'Carrying' that is asserted, the reasoner will have slots to fill in - 'from where?' and 'to where'? Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'carry' and verb sense 4 of 'bear' in WordNet, however the gloss quote 'these pipes carry waste' is not included, since the object doing the carrying must itself move: in WordNet: 1. (75) transport, carry - (move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body; 'You must carry your camping gear'; 'carry the suitcases to the car'; 'This train is carrying nuclear waste'; 'These pipes carry waste water into the river') 2. (36) carry, pack, take - (have with oneself; have on one's person; 'She always takes an umbrella'; 'I always carry money'; 'She packs a gun when she goes into the mountains') WN verb 'bear': 4. (10) bear - (move while holding up or supporting; 'Bear gifts'; 'bear a heavy load'; 'bear news'; 'bearing orders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :CarryingByHand :wnsense "carry1v" ; :wordnet "carry" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CarryingByHand'' is a ''Carrying'' by one or two people using only their own hands for lifting power. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'carry' in WordNet: 1. (75) transport, carry - (move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body; 'You must carry your camping gear'; 'carry the suitcases to the car'; 'This train is carrying nuclear waste'; 'These pipes carry waste water into the river') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carrying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :PortableObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingSomethingWithTheHand ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :CarryingFreight a :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CarryingFreight'' is a ''TransportationServiceEvent'' in which the thing transprted is a ''Cargo''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carrying, :TransportationServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Cargo :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :CarryingLuggage :en "carrying luggage", "transporting luggage" ; a :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CarryingLuggage'' is a ''TransportationServiceEvent'' in which the thing transported is ''Luggage'' (one or more ''PieceOfLuggage''s). This is a common Action at airports, train stations, hotels or Inns; for hotels the destination would to or from the 'room' of the owner of the Luggage from or to her/his vehicle. This action can be done by hand using some form of cart, but it excludes carrying Luggage in a motor vehicle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carrying, :TransportationServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Luggage ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ] . :CarryingOutaTask :ldoce "job" ; :wnsense "carry out1v", "execute", "fulfill1v", "job3n", "make1v" ; :wordnet "carry out", "execute", "fulfill", "job", "make" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CarryingOutaTask' is an instance of an agent PerformingSomeAction, where the Action performed is an execution of a Plan or assigned function, or ''Task'' or obligated action. Things that can be Fulfilled in this sense include an obligation, demand, a task, a function (of artifacts or people with tasks), a role. Formally, the action performed was done because of a ''Task'' that an agent has in a ''HavingaTask'' situation. This is usually caused by a ''HavingaTask'' situation. This is 'job' in the sense of 'did a good job', or 'did a bad job' This corresponds to sense 1 of 'fulfill' in WordNet: 1. (10) carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil - (put in effect; 'carry out a task'; 'execute the decision of the people'; 'He actioned the operation') WN noun 'job' 3. (88) job - (the performance of a piece of work; 'she did an outstanding job as Ophelia'; 'he gave it up as a bad job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerformingSomeAction, :Responding, :SolvingaProblem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadActionPerformed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Task ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemSituation ] . :CarryingPassengers a :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CarryingPassengers'' is a ''TransportationServiceEvent'' in which the thing transprted is a ''Passenger''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carrying, :TransportationServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Passenger :PersonType ) ] ] . :CarryingWhileLocomoting :en "carry on foot", "carrying on foot" ; :guid "bd588c22-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: A specialization of #$TransportationEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some #$Animal moves by locomotion (cf. #$LocomotionProcess) while holding some physical object, so that the object also moves. Examples include a person carrying a baby. A negative example is a propeller plane towing a glider. Specializations of this collection include #$ServingFoodOrDrink and #$TakingOutTheGarbage. See also #$CarryingFn. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carrying, :LocomotionEvent . :CarryingaRider :en "bearing a rider", "carry a rider", "carrying a rider" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''CarryingWhileLocomoting'' in which some type of animal which is an instance of ''RiddenAnimalType'' (usually horse or camel) carries a Person on its back. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarryingWhileLocomoting, :LocomotionEvent-Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :RiddenAnimalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :RidingaBeast ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rider ] . :Cart :ldoce "cart" ; :wnsense "cart1n", "cart2n" ; :wordnet "cart" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any wheeled muscle-powered vehicle, large (drawn by animals) or small (baby carriages). This aggregates three senses in RHW: 1. a heavy two-wheeled vehicle, commonly without springs, drawn by mules, oxen, or the like, used for the conveyance of heavy goods. 2. a light two-wheeled vehicle with springs, drawn by a horse or pony. 3. any small vehicle pushed or pulled by hand. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'cart' in WordNet: 1. (5) cart - (a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal) 2. (1) handcart, pushcart, cart, go-cart - (wheeled vehicle that can be pushed by a person; may have one or two or four wheels; 'he used a handcart to carry the rocks away'; 'their pushcart was piled high with groceries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :Wagon . :Cartel :wnsense "cartel1n", "combine2n", "corporate trust1n", "trust4n" ; :wordnet "cartel", "combine", "corporate trust", "trust" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cartel'' is a ''Consortium'' with enough economic power to keep prices high, but may not form a 'monopoly' (though they may try). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartel' in WordNet: 1. trust, corporate trust, combine, cartel - (a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service; 'they set up the trust in the hope of gaining a monopoly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Consortium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LimitingCompetition ; owl:onProperty :wasGatheredForPurpose ] . :Cartilage :isProducedNaturallyBy :Animal ; :isaConstituentSubstanceOf :Animal ; :wnsense "cartilage1n", "gristle1n" ; :wordnet "cartilage", "gristle" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AnimalTissue'' is a ''Tissue'' produced by and partly consisting an ''Animal''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartilage' in WordNet: 1. (1) cartilage, gristle - (tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalTissue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :isaConstituentSubstanceOf ] . :CartilaginousFish :wnsense "cartilaginous fish1n", "chondrichthian1n" ; :wordnet "cartilaginous fish", "chondrichthian" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CartilaginousFish'' is a fish with cartilage forming the suporting skeleton, rather than bones . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartilaginous fish' in WordNet: 1. cartilaginous fish, chondrichthian - (fishes in which the skeleton may be calcified but not ossified) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fish . :CartilaginousStructure :wnsense "cartilaginous structure1n" ; :wordnet "cartilaginous structure" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartilaginous structure' in WordNet: 1. cartilaginous structure - (body structure given shape by cartilage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalStructure, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cartilage ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Cartoon :wnsense "cartoon1n", "sketch4n" ; :wordnet "cartoon", "sketch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cartoon'' is one or more ''LineDrawing''s that have a humorous or satirical purpose, and may be colored in but are not intended to be detailed or serious 'art'. This is for one or a set (related Group) of StillImages, not for the animated cartoons. NOTE: for this purpose a Series of individual ''Cartoon'' images can be considered as one ''Cartoon'. For specifically representing a Group of related Cartoons published in a series use ''CartoonStrip''. Political cartoons are often one picture with satirical intent. A series of cartoons with one theme at one time is a 'cartoon strip'. @mod59 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartoon' in WordNet: 1. (2) cartoon, sketch - (a humorous or satirical drawing published in a newspaper or magazine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LineDrawing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Humorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cartoonist ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :CartoonStrip :CYC "ComicStrip" ; :guid "bd6b0fda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cartoon strip1n", "comic strip1n", "funnies1n" ; :wordnet "cartoon strip", "comic strip", "funnies" ; a :ContextType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CartoonStrip'' is series of ''Cartoon''s with one story line, or a Group of such series, published together, as in the 'funnies' section of a newspaper. @mod59 CYC 'ComicStrip': The collection of all comic strips as #$ConceptualWorks - i.e., those humorous ibo's that appear in newspapers and magazines. #$DickTracy-TheComicStrip is an instance of #$ComicStrip as are individual day's episodes of Dick Tracy. A 'comic book' would have one or more 'CartoonStrip''s , published in a booklet or magazine form, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartoon strip' in WordNet: 1. comic strip, cartoon strip, strip, funnies - (a sequence of drawings telling a story in a newspaper or comic book) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalContext, :Group, :LineDrawing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cartoon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Cartoonist :wnsense "cartoonist1n" ; :wordnet "cartoonist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cartoonist'' is a ''SketchArtist'' who creates ''Cartoon''s and may create a ''CartoonStrip'' and also create the stories that the ''CartoonStrip'' illustrates - but sometimes the stories are created by a different Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cartoonist' in WordNet: 1. (3) cartoonist - (a person who draws cartoons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SketchArtist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cartoon ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :Carved :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CarvingSomething ; :wnsense "carved1adj", "carven1adj" ; :wordnet "carved", "carven" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'carved' in Wordnet: 1. (2) carved, carven - (made for or formed by carving ('carven' is archaic or literary); 'the carved fretwork'; 'an intricately carved door'; 'stood as if carven from stone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :CarvedArtwork :guid "c11f6665-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carving1n" ; :wordnet "carving" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$ArtObjects carved out of stone, wood, metal, etc. #$Statues which are assembled from pieces or molded (e.g. the #$StatueOfLiberty) are not instances of this collection. This is for 3-D artwork like marble statues. For artwork where the thing depicted is represented by the indentations or grooves in a (relatively) flat surface produced by ''CarvingSomething'' use ''Carving-2D''. Corresponds to part (3-dimensional) of noun sense 1 of 'carving' in WordNet: 1. (2) carving - (a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarvedObject, :Sculpture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarvingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :CarvedObject :en "carved object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A ''CarvedObject'' is an Object produced by ''CarvingSomething''. For an artwork that is a carved object use subtype ''CarvedArtwork''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collectible, :Sculpture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarvingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Carving-2D :wnsense "carving1n" ; :wordnet "carving" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Carving-2D is a ''TwoDimensionalArtObject'' that is a representation of a two-dimensional image,produced by carving out pieces from the (usually flat) surface of some other object. This includes images on gravestones that are not only letters. This applies only to art objects where the depicted image is represented by the carved out parts of the piece. In certain types of carving, there may be depicted objects *protruding* from the base. That will be included in ''Carving-3D''. For 'carvings' where the thing depicted is standing alone without a large base (a 'statue'), or protrudes from a flat base rather than being represented by the indentations where material was removed in 'carving',use ''CarvedArtwork''. Corresponds to part 2-dimensional) of noun sense 1 of 'carving' in WordNet: 1. (2) carving - (a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HexalateralObject, :TwoDimensionalArtObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarvingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :CarvingFood :en "carving" ; :wnsense "carve3n" ; :wordnet "carve" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CarvingFood'' is a ''CarvingSomething'' Action in which a person uses a large knife to cut up (not necessarily only into slices) a largish FoodObject like a turkey or ham. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'slice' in Wordnet: 3. (1) slice, slice up - (cut into slices; 'Slice the salami, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarvingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarvingKnife ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :CarvingKnife :en "carving-knife" ; :wnsense "carving knife1n" ; :wordnet "carving knife" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large pointed knife typically used for carving up large pieces of cooked meat, like a turkey or a ham. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'carving knife' in Wordnet: 1. carving knife - (a large knife used to carve cooked meat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knife, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarvingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :CarvingSomething :en "carving" ; :wnsense "carve1n", "carve2n", "carve3n" ; :wordnet "carve" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CarvingSomething'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts a SolidObject, usually with a knife, to produce one or more smaller objects that have a particular form. This is the general sense, including carving blocks of marble or mountains into figures that resemble people, other objects, or abstract forms. Carving something into slices is the subtype ''SlicingSomething''. The notion of 'sculpting' is included, but can be broken out as a subtype that produces a 'sculpture'. A piece of wood formed into a replica of some object is usually referred to as a 'carving' @ToDo: represent a wood carving. Artwork produced by ''CarvingSomething'' can be a ''Carving-2D'' or a ''Sculpting''. Includes verb senses 1. 2, and part of sense 3 of 'carve' in Wordnet: 1. (9) carve - (form by carving; 'Carve a flower from the ice') 2. (3) carve, chip at - (engrave or cut by chipping away at a surface; 'carve one's name into the bark') 3. carve, cut up - (cut to pieces; 'Father carved the ham') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingInPieces, :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :CarvedObject ] . :Cascade :wnsense "cascade1n" ; :wordnet "cascade" ; a :GroupType, :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Cascade'' is a ''Series'' of small ''Waterfalls'' in some steep part of a ''Stream''. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'cascade' in RHW: 2. a series of shallow or steplike waterfalls, either natural or artificial. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'cascade' in WordNet: 1. cascade - (a small waterfall or series of small waterfalls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, :FlowPath, :Series, :StreamSection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waterfall ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inclined ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CascadeOfEvents :wnsense "cascade2n" ; :wordnet "cascade" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CascadeOfEvents'' is a ''Series'' of Events following in order, each subsequent Event dependent on the preceding Event, leading up to some final resulting situation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cascade' in WordNet: 2. cascade - (a succession of stages or operations or processes or units; 'progressing in severity as though a cascade of genetic damage was occurring'; 'separation of isotopes by a cascade of processes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Succession . :CascadingDown :wnsense "cascade down1v", "cascade1v" ; :wordnet "cascade", "cascade down" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CascadingDown'' is a ''Descending'' in altitude that occurs in stages. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cascade' in WordNet: 1. (1) cascade, cascade down - (rush down in big quantities, like a cascade) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :MotionDownward, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Descending ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Case :ldoce "case" ; :wnsense "case2n", "case3n", "case4n", "case5n" ; :wordnet "case" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of several types of situation that may be referred to in discussion. This is the broadest sense of 'case' and includes several more specific senses. The use of this type implies that there are other 'cases' that might have been or are of relevance. The Random House Webster give nine senses for the general sense of 'situation', excluding the unrelated 'container' sense. All of the 'situation' senses except 5, 7, and 9 are included in this type. RHW Sense 7 is represented as 'Argument' in COSMO, not a subtype of this type. Randon House Webster: 1. an instance of the occurrence, existence, etc., of something: Sailing in such a storm was a case of poor judgment. 2. the actual state of things: That is not the case. 3. a question or problem of moral conduct; matter: a case of conscience. 4. situation; circumstance; plight: Mine is a sad case. 5. a person or thing whose plight or situation calls for attention: This family is a hardship case. 6. a specific occurrence or matter requiring discussion, decision, or investigation, as by officials or law-enforcement authorities: The police studied the case of the missing jewels. 7. a stated argument used to support a viewpoint: He presented a strong case against the proposed law. 8. an instance of disease, injury, etc., requiring medical or surgical attention or treatment; individual affliction: She had a severe case of chicken pox. 9. a medical or surgical patient. Includes noun senses 1 to 5 of 'case' in WordNet: 2. (703) case, instance, example - (an occurrence of something; 'it was a case of bad judgment'; 'another instance occurred yesterday'; 'but there is always the famous example of the Smiths') 3. (237) event, case - (a special set of circumstances; 'in that event, the first possibility is excluded'; 'it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled') 4. (106) case - (a problem requiring investigation; 'Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir') 5. (98) case - (the actual state of things; 'that was not the case') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSituation . :Case-Container :ldoce "case" ; :wnsense "case7n" ; :wordnet "case" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Container that is portable and designed for holding specific types of items. The type of item it is designed to hold will differentiate among the many subtypes. This does not include 'case' when used as a quantity measure: a 'case of wine' may be 12 bottles regardless of whether they are in a container or not. NOTE that a 'Case-Container' (such as a camera case) may sometimes be as small as and shaped like a 'Box' (which see), but it should be *specifically* designed to hold a certain type of object, or dissasembled parts of an object, or a set of objects used for related purpose. This corresponds to case(2) sense 1 in RHW: 1. an often small or portable container for enclosing something, as for carrying or safekeeping; receptacle: a jewel case; a violin case; a camera case. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'case' in WordNet, and includes a box that contains some quantity (more than one) of objects for sale, as a case of wine: in WordNet: 7. (48) case - (a portable container for carrying several objects; 'the musicians left their instrument cases backstage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :PortableObject . :CaseRole a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CaseRole is a Role that a Word or Phrase, or its associated concept, may serve in relation to the Verb of a Sentence, or to an Event. Common Roles are Subject and Object; more specific roles are Agent and Patient (for actions). Yet more specific roles are mother and child (for verbs like 'bore'and 'gave birth to' or ). In COSMO the CaseRoles are nominalized Types, in which the line of distinction between 'grammar' and 'semantics' is blurred. This entails that, for the CaseRoles, each grammatical Type also has some semantic content; the semantic content becomes more precise as the subtypes of the CaseRole become more detailed. In SUMO CaseRoles are treated as relations on a Process. In COSMO the CaseRoles are grammatical, and the corresponding conceptual roles are indicated by relations in COSMO, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalRole . :Cash :wnsense "cash1n", "hard cash1n", "hard currency1n" ; :wordnet "cash", "hard cash", "hard currency" ; a :MoneyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cash'' in COSMO is treated as a substance, a subtype of 'Money', for which the UnitObject is a ''CurrencyObject'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cash' in WordNet: 1. (9) cash, hard cash, hard currency - (money in the form of bills or coins; 'there is a desperate shortage of hard cash') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Money, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurrencyObject ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :CashBuying :ldoce "buy" ; :wnsense "buy1v" ; :wordnet "buy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In SUMO just 'Buying', in COSMO the name of this concept is changed to be more specific. However, the type of ''MoneyObject'' can be diverse, including, in addition to physical currency transfers, credit or debit card transfers, or other type os electronic transfer of money, so long some real money account valued in currency is increased or decreased. SUMO: A MoneyTransaction in which an instance of MoneyObject is exchanged for an instance of Physical.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Buying, :MoneyTransaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPaid ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyObject ] . :CashRegister :wnsense "cash register1n", "register7n" ; :wordnet "cash register", "register" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cash register' in WordNet: 1. (1) cash register, register - (a cashbox with an adding machine to register transactions; used in shops to add up the bill) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strongbox . :Cashew-TheSeed :guid "bd58ac55-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cashew2n" ; :wordnet "cashew" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: he embryo of the cashew seed, which is the edible and delicious cashew nut. The kernel of the cashew nut, not including the husk. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cashew' in WordNet: 2. cashew, cashew nut - (kidney-shaped nut edible only when roasted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleNut, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Seed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CashewTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :CashewTree :guid "bd58ae43-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cashew tree1n" ; :wordnet "cashew tree" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual cashew trees; yield delicious nuts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cashew tree' in WordNet: 1. cashew, cashew tree, Anacardium occidentale - (tropical American evergreen tree bearing kidney-shaped nuts that are edible only when roasted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitTree . :Cashier :wnsense "cashier2n" ; :wordnet "cashier" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person hired to perform ''AcceptingPayments'' **in person** (not over the telephone), usually using a cash register or credit card reader. This Person usually works at some ''RetailStore'' (which includes restaurants,, taverns, ServiceStations, and any place where goods or services are sold and paied for on the location they were performed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cashier' in WordNet: 2. cashier - (a person responsible for receiving payments for goods and services (as in a shop or restaurant)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AcceptingPayments ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailStore ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :Cashmere :wnsense "cashmere2n" ; :wordnet "cashmere" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wool from an ''Alpaca''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cashmere' in WordNet: 2. cashmere - (the wool of the Kashmir goat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alpaca ; owl:onProperty :isObtainedFrom ] . :Casing :wnsense "case14n", "casing1n", "shell8n" ; :wordnet "case", "casing", "shell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Casing generic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'casing' in Wordnet: 1. shell, case, casing - (the housing or outer covering of something; 'the clock has a walnut case') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :PartOfanArtifact . :Casino :wnsense "casino1n", "gambling casino1n" ; :wordnet "casino", "gambling casino" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Casino'' is a ''GamblingHouse'' that has entertainment as well as gambling,and may be part of a hotel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'casino' in WordNet: 1. (1) casino, gambling casino - (a public building for gambling and entertainment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GamblingHouse . :Casserole :wnsense "casserole1n" ; :wordnet "casserole" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Casserole'' is a ''DishOfFood'' baked in a ''CasseroleDish'' and often brought to the table in the baking dish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'casserole' in WordNet: 1. casserole - (food cooked and served in a casserole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood, :Food-ReadyToEat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CasseroleDish ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ] . :CasseroleDish :wnsense "casserole2n" ; :wordnet "casserole" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CasseroleDish'' is a ''Dish'' that is intended for preparing food, not to be eaten from at the table. It is usually made of heat-resistant material so that it can be used for cooking food in an oven. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'casserole' in WordNet: 2. casserole - (large deep dish in which food can be cooked and served) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatResistant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeepForaDish ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters ] . :Cassette a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cassette'' is a ''Casing' (a container) that can be held in the hand, designed to hold some tape that can be taken out to use, or a tape that moves reel-to-reel as in audio or video tape. This is for the outer shell; A ''Casette''' together with its contained tape would be a ''ContainerAndContents'' , such as a ''TapeCassette''. This is general, and could hold any kind of ''Tape'' though the term 'cassette' is used mostly for ''MagneticTape''. Neither WN nor RHW make any disinction between the cassette casing and the whole casette including the tape. This is just for the outer ''Casing''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Casing, :HandSizedObject, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tape ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :CassidyDinner20080523 :hadConsumedObject :ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523 ; :hadIngestedSubstance :ChickenParmagiana, :Wine ; :hadIngestingAgent :DianeCassidy, :PatrickCassidy ; :hadObjectModified :Plate ; :hadThingTransferred :ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523 ; :hasStartingPlace :CassidyDinnerTable ; a :Dining . :CassidyDinnerTable :hasComponentPart :FourFurnitureLegs ; :hasMassInGrams "45300"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :Table-Furniture . :CassidyKinsman a :HumanRole, :Kinsman . :CassidySweeneyClan :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasMember :PatrickCassidy ; a :KinshipGroup ; rdfs:comment """The KinshipGroup (not technically a 'Clan', but called that by its members) formed by the descendants of James Cassidy and John Cassidy (of Jersey City, born late 1800's) and Agnes and Mary Sweeney (of Philadelphia), and their spouses, living mostly in New Jersey during the 1900's and later, It is represented here as an instance of KinshipGroup for debugging purposes.""" . :Cassiterite :guid "bfc26546-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Oxygen, :Tin ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :TinDioxide ; :wnsense "cassiterite1n" ; :wordnet "cassiterite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: a brown or black mineral, tin dioxide, SnO2, that crystallizes in the tetragonal system; tinstone: the principal ore of tin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cassiterite' in WordNet: 1. cassiterite - (a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tin ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DarklyColored ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :CastOfaDramaticPerformance :wnsense "cast1n" ; :wordnet "cast" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CastOfaDramaticPerformance' is the GroupOfPeople who are ''ActorActress''es and have participated as performers in some DramaticPerformance, such as a Movie, play. This 'performance' is the actual live action which may or may not be recorded. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cast' in WordNet: 1. (10) cast, cast of characters, dramatis personae - (the actors in a play) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CastOfaPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ActorActress ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DramaticPerformance ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :CastOfaMovie :en "movie cast" ; :wnsense "cast1n" ; :wordnet "cast" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CastOfaMovie' is the GroupOfPeople who are ''ActorActress''es and have participated as performers in some ''MoviePerformance'' (usually represented abstractly as a ''Movie''). This 'performance' is the actual live action which may or may not be recorded. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cast' in WordNet: 1. (10) cast, cast of characters, dramatis personae - (the actors in a play) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CastOfaDramaticPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoviePerformance ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :CastOfaPerformance :wnsense "cast1n" ; :wordnet "cast" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CastOfaPerformance' is the GroupOfPeople that have participated as performers in some entertainment Action, such as a Movie, play, musical performance, half-time show, etc. The 'performance' can be live or recorded. The members of the cast are 'Artist-Performer's. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cast' in WordNet: 1. (10) cast, cast of characters, dramatis personae - (the actors in a play) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Artist-Performer ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Caste :wnsense "caste2n", "caste3n" ; :wordnet "caste" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Caste'' is a ''SocialClass'' in some societies (especially Hindu) that is inherited though it corresponds to groups that were differentiated in ancient times by various criteria. In Japan there are some inherited classes similar to the Hindu Caste, but less pronounced. Includes (differentiable) noun senses 2 and 3 of 'caste' in WordNet: 2. caste - ((Hinduism) a hereditary social class among Hindus; stratified according to ritual purity) 3. caste - (a social class separated from others by distinctions of hereditary rank or profession or wealth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialClass . :Casting :wnsense "casting1n", "castn" ; :wordnet "cast", "casting" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Casting'' is an ArtifactObject Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'casting' in WordNet: 1. cast, casting - (object formed by a mold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoldingAnArtifact ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :CastingSomething :wnsense "cast1v", "contrive3v", "project10v", "throw7v" ; :wordnet "cast", "contrive", "project", "throw" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CastingSomething'' is a very broad sense of some agent projecting something (solid or as intangible as a shadow) across some interval of space. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cast' in WordNet: 1. (15) project, cast, contrive, throw - (put or send forth; 'She threw the flashlight beam into the corner'; 'The setting sun threw long shadows'; 'cast a spell'; 'cast a warm light') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SendingSomething, :Translation-Complete . :CastingaShadow :wnsense "shade off1v", "shade1v", "shadow2v" ; :wordnet "shade", "shade off", "shadow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CastingaShadow'' is a ''BlockingaLight'' Action in which some ''OpaqueObject'' located between a dominant source of light (a ''LightEmittingObject'') and an otherwise perceptibly illuminated surface, producing a ''Shadow'' that is the area with a noticeably lower degree of illumination within the larger area illuminated by the light source. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shadow' in WordNet: 1. (2) shadow, shade, shade off - (cast a shadow over) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IlluminatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpaqueObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shadow ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :CastingaSpell :wnsense "bewitch3v", "bewitchment1n", "enchant3v", "enchantment3n", "hex1v" ; :wordnet "bewitch", "bewitchment", "enchant", "enchantment", "hex" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CastingaSpell' is a fictional Action that can cause animate or inanimate things to behave differently form how they would otherwise behave. THe behavior differences after a Spell is cast may be subtle, or dramatic, such as a transfiguration. This action may be referred to as 'enchanting', 'putting a pwll on', 'putting a hex on', and variously other phrases. Since there are no limits to the imaginative things that authors can have their characters do with a Spell, the results can be almost any kind of behavior. For the result on an IntentionalAgent, see 'Spell'. NOTE that ''CastingaSpell'' need not involve speaking words, it can be done by gestures or even just thinking. Includes verb sense 3 of 'enchant' and sense 3 of 'bewitch', and noun sense 3 of 'enchantment' in WordNet: 3. hex, bewitch, glamour, witch, enchant, jinx - - (cast a spell over someone or something; put a hex on someone or something) WN 'enchantment' 3. enchantment, bewitchment - (a magical spell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething . :Castle :guid "be0106b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "castle" ; :wnsense "castle1", "castle2" ; :wordnet "castle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Residences of nobility (typically fortified) built mostly in the middle ages. This includes senses 1 and 2 in WordNet: 1. (3) palace, castle - (a large and stately mansion) 2. (1) castle - (a large building formerly occupied by a ruler and fortified against attack) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building . :CastorBean :wnsense "castor bean1n" ; :wordnet "castor bean" ; a :FruitType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One castor bean. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'castor bean' in Wordnet: 1. castor bean - (the toxic seed of the castor-oil plant; source of castor oil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bean, :Seed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CastorOil ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :CastorOil :isDerivedFrom :CastorBean ; :stimulates :Defecating ; :wnsense "castor oil1n" ; :wordnet "castor oil" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'castor oil' in Wordnet: 1. castor oil - (a purgative extracted from the seed of the castor plant; used in paint and varnish as well as medically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Purgative, :VegetableOil . :Castrated :isAnAttributeValueOf :Mammal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Castrating ; :isTheOppositeOf :Uncastrated ; :wnsense "castrated1adj", "unsexed1adj" ; :wordnet "castrated", "unsexed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Castrated'' is an attribute of a MalePerson whose testicles were removed in a ''Castrating'' operation. This is for the operation, not for'chemical castration'. NOTE: the term 'castrated' can also be used for neuterizing female animals, but is usually applied to males.. This type refers to the castration of a male animal by removal of the testicles, as in the RHW sense 1: RHW 'castrate': 1. to remove the testes of; emasculate; geld. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'castrated' (the literal meaning) in Wordnet: 1. castrated, unsexed - (deprived of sexual capacity or sexual attributes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Castrating :wnsense "castrate3v", "demasculinise1v", "demasculinize1v", "emasculate2v" ; :wordnet "castrate", "demasculinise", "demasculinize", "emasculate" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: the term 'castrate' can be used for neuterizing female animals, but is usually applied to males.. This type represents the castration of a male animal by removal of the testicles, as in the RHW sense 1: RHW 'castrate': 1. to remove the testes of; emasculate; geld. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'castrate' in WordNet: 3. emasculate, castrate, demasculinize, demasculinise - (remove the testicles of a male animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically, :SterilizingAnAnimal . :Casual :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Unconcern ; :wnsense "casual1adj", "casual2adj", "insouciant1adj", "nonchalant1adj", "unconcerned2adj" ; :wordnet "casual", "insouciant", "nonchalant", "unconcerned" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Casual'' is an attribute of people or Actions that display a lack of concern for appearance of what they wear or do, or of the consequences of their actions. includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'casual' in WordNet: 1. (3) casual, insouciant, nonchalant - (marked by blithe unconcern; 'an ability to interest casual students'; 'showed a casual disregard for cold weather'; 'an utterly insouciant financial policy'; 'an elegantly insouciant manner'; 'drove his car with nonchalant abandon'; 'was polite in a teasing nonchalant manner') 2. (2) casual - (without or seeming to be without plan or method; offhand; 'a casual remark'; 'information collected by casual methods and in their spare time') WN adj 'unconcerned': 2. (1) unconcerned - (easy in mind; not worried; 'the prisoner seems entirely unconcerned as to the outcome of the examination') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relaxed . :Casual-OfClothing :contrastsWith :Formal ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ClothingItem ; :wnsense "casual3adj", "everyday2adj" ; :wordnet "casual", "everyday" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'casual' in Wordnet: 3. (2) casual, everyday - (suited for everyday use; 'casual clothes'; 'everyday clothes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informal . :CasualBrowser :wnsense "browser1n" ; :wordnet "browser" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'browser' in WordNet: 1. browser - (a viewer who looks around casually without seeking anything in particular) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Onlooker . :Casually :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Casual ; :wnsense "casually1adv", "casually2adv" ; :wordnet "casually" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Casually'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify an Action to indicate that the action was performed without a plan or with only an on-the-spot goal, and without concern about potential consequences. NOTE: this merges the two WN senses of 'casually' since it is difficult to find a clear logical distinction between them. Includes adverb senseS 1 and 2 of 'casually' in Wordnet: 1. (1) casually - (not methodically or according to plan; 'he dealt with his course work casually') 2. (1) casually, nonchalantly - (in an unconcerned manner; 'glanced casually at the headlines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Casualty :wnsense "casualty1n", "casualty2n", "injured party1n" ; :wordnet "casualty", "injured party" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Casualty'' is a Person who was ''Killed'' or ''Injured'' by an Event, whether natural or intentional. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'casualty' in WordNet: 1. casualty - (someone injured or killed or captured or missing in a military engagement) 2. casualty, injured party - (someone injured or killed in an accident) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Victim, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KilledOrInjured ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cat :guid "bd590573-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cat" ; :wnsense "cat1n", "kitty-cat1n", "kitty4n", "puss2n", "pussy2n", "pussycat2n", "true cat1n" ; :wordnet "cat", "kitty", "kitty-cat", "puss", "pussy", "pussycat", "true cat" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all members of the species Felis domesticus. Most members of this collection are #$DomesticCats, but feral cats are also included in this collection. 'Big cats', e.g., lions, ocelots, or tigers, are *not* members of this collection, although they are of its superset, 'Feline'. For feral cats use subtype ''AlleyCat''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cat' in WordNet and Includes the informal terms 'pussy', kitty' etc.: in WordNet: 1. (18) cat, true cat - (feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and no ability to roar: domestic cats; wildcats) WN noun 'pussy': 2. kitty, kitty-cat, puss, pussy, pussycat - (informal terms referring to a domestic cat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FelisGenus . :CatFood :guid "bd588cbe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cat chow1n", "cat food1n" ; :wordnet "cat chow", "cat food" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all cat food. A subtype of 'AnimalFood' intended for eating by pet cats. May be moist or dry. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cat food' in WordNet: 1. cat food, cat chow - (food prepared for cats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalFood, :PetFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticCat ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ] . :Catalogue :wnsense "catalog1n", "catalogue2n" ; :wordnet "catalog", "catalogue" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Catalogue'' is a physical representation of a ''List'' of items for sale from a particular vendor.published in the form of a ''Book-Physical''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'catalogue' in WordNet: 2. catalog, catalogue - (a book or pamphlet containing an enumeration of things; 'he found it in the Sears catalog') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProductsForSale ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shopping ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Catalysis :en "catalyzing" ; :wnsense "catalyse1v", "catalysis1n", "catalyze1v", "contact action1n" ; :wordnet "catalyse", "catalysis", "catalyze", "contact action" ; a :ChemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Catalysis'' a ''ChemicalReaction'' in which some 'catalyst' (a substance or object) causes a ''ChemicalReaction'' to go faster than it would have without the 'catalyst', and in which the catalyst does not undergo any net change after the reaction is over (although it may undergo transitory changes that are later reversed). See ''Catalyst'' for more detail about things that can participate in this type of reaction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'catalysis' in WordNet: 1. catalysis, contact action - (acceleration of a chemical reaction induced by the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction; 'of the top 50 commodity chemicals, 30 are created directly by catalysis and another 6 are made from raw materials that are catalytically produced') WN verb 'catalyze': 1. catalyze, catalyse - (change by catalysis or cause to catalyze) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalReaction, :RateIncrease . :Catalyst :wnsense "accelerator3n", "catalyst1n" ; :wordnet "accelerator", "catalyst" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Catalyst'' is a Substance (possibly at the surface of a solidSubstance) that can cause a chemicalReaction to proceed at a faster rate than it would in the absence of the ''Catalyst'', while being unchanged itself at the end of the reaction. Catalysts are of varied type. Some can be mixed into a chemical mixture, or can be finely divided solid materials suspended in a reaction mixture or immobilized on a matrix within which the substances in the reaction mixture can contact the solid catalyst. A polymerization reaction such as that of an ethylene derivative may be catalyzed by free radicals that cause a chain reaction in which one radical attaches to one side of a double bond and the atom on the other side of the bond then becomes a free radical that continues in similar fashion with other molecules. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'catalyst' in WordNet: 1. catalyst, accelerator - ((chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :acceleratesOrShortens ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChemicalReactionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Catalysis ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :CatalyticThing :wnsense "catalyst1n", "catalyst2n" ; :wordnet "catalyst" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CatalyticThing' is a PhysicalObject or Event that can serve to initiate or accelerate events whose primary cause is something else. By itself, a 'catalyst' does not cause the resulting event. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'catalyst' in Wordnet: 1. catalyst, accelerator - ((chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected) 2. catalyst - (something that causes an important event to happen; 'the invasion acted as a catalyst to unite the country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent . :Catapult :guid "c10091c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arbalest1n", "arbalist1n", "ballista1n", "bricole1n", "catapult3n", "mangonel1n", "onager1n", "trebuchet1n", "trebucket1n" ; :wordnet "arbalest", "arbalist", "ballista", "bricole", "catapult", "mangonel", "onager", "trebuchet", "trebucket" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Catapult'' is any of a variety of large (larger than a Person) military devices primarily used before the introduction of explosives into warfare, that launches any of a variety of missiles from stones to flammable materials or lance-like spears. Some types were used duting Roman times and some as late as the MiddleAges. The propulsive force was achieved in different ways, such as tightened ropes or dropping weights or bent wood or metal, depending on the subtype, all of which are included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'catapult' in WordNet: 3. catapult, arbalest, arbalist, ballista, bricole, mangonel, onager, trebuchet, trebucket - (medieval artillery used during sieges; a heavy war engine for hurling large stones and other missiles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryWeapon, :PrimitiveWeapon, :ProjectileLauncher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "300"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Propelling ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Cataracts :en "cataracts" ; :guid "c10bacab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cataract1n" ; :wordnet "cataract" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC 'Cataract-Ailment': A collection of #$AilmentConditions in which one or both of one's eye lenses loses transparency. This results in dim, distorted or blurred images on the retina and decreased vision. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cataract' in WordNet: 1. cataract - (clouding of the natural lens of the eye) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EyeDisease . :Catatonia :wnsense "catatonia2n", "catatonic schizophrenia1n", "catatonic type schizophrenia1n" ; :wordnet "catatonia", "catatonic schizophrenia", "catatonic type schizophrenia" ; a :GroupType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Catatonia'' is a ''PsychologicalAilment'' in which the patient fails to respond normally to stimuli though nominally conscious. RHW: a syndrome seen most frequently in schizophrenia, characterized by muscular rigidity and mental stupor, sometimes alternating with great excitement and confusion. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'catatonia' in WordNet: 2. catatonic schizophrenia, catatonic type schizophrenia, catatonia - (a form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stuporous state for long periods; the catatonia may give way to short periods of extreme excitement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychologicalAilment, :Syndrome . :Catcall :wnsense "catcall1n" ; :wordnet "catcall" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Catcall'' is a subtype of''Calling'' in which one or more people call out to express dsapproval, impolitely. This seems to merge the calling action and the sound it makes. The sound should be a different type (caused by this action) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'catcall' in WordNet: 1. (2) catcall - (a cry expressing disapproval) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CallingOut, :ExpressingEmotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disrespectful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disapproval ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Catch :ldoce "catch" ; :wnsense "catch2n", "catch4n" ; :wordnet "catch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Catch' is something caught in a 'Capturing' or ''Trapping'' Event. WN sense 2 of 'catch' is a quantity, but here it must be a quantity of some object(s) or substance. The 'Catch' does not have to be of a living thing, but usually is. NOTE: 'catch' as a marital prospect (sense 3 in WN) is not included here. Includes noun senses 2 and 4 of 'catch' in WordNet: 2. catch, haul - (the quantity that was caught; 'the catch was only 10 fish') 4. catch - (anything that is caught (especially if it is worth catching); 'he shared his catch with the others') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAcquiredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Capturing :Trapping ) ] ] . :CatchersMitt :en "catcher's mitt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CatchersMitt'' is a ''BaseballMitt'' specialized for the use of the ''BaseballCatcher''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballMitt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballCatcher ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :CatchingAnInfectiousDisease :en "catch an infection" ; :eng "catching an infection" ; :env "catch an infection" ; :wnsense "catch19v" ; :wordnet "catch" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CatchingAnInfectiousDisease'' is an Action (usually passive) in which some ''Animal'' (most commonly used of People) become infected with some 'Infection'' (an instance of ''InfectionType''), caused by some ''PathogenicMicroorganism''.. NOTE: Plants also catch 'infectious diseases' but that will need to be a different type - not et done @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 19 of 'catch' in WordNet: 19. (1) catch - (contract; 'did you catch a cold?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GettingSick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Infection :InfectionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InfectingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Health ; owl:onProperty :worsens ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infection ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :CatchingCOVID-19 :en "catch COVID-19" ; :eng "catching COVID-19" ; :env "catch COVID-19" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CatchingCOVID-19'' is a ''CatchingAnInfectiousDisease'' where the Disease caught is a ''COVID-19_Infection''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CatchingAnInfectiousDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :COVID-19_Infection ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :COVID-19_Infection ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :COVID-19_Infection ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ] . :CatchingUpOnDevelopments :wnsense "catch up2v" ; :wordnet "catch up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of gaining knowledge or awareness of a particular action. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'catch up' in WordNet: 2. catch up - (learn belatedly; find out about something after it happened; 'I'm trying to catch up with the latest developments in molecular biology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingAwareOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RecentDevelopment ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :CatchingWithHands :guid "bd588cd1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "catch" ; :wnsense "catch4v" ; :wordnet "catch" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ReceivingAnObject and #$CoordinatedBodyMovement. Each instance of #$CatchingWithHands is an event in which an animal catches something (such as a ball) that is coming towards it with its hand(s). For 'catching' in the sense of capturing some animal, use 'Capturing'. This is a subtype of GrabbingOntoWithHand' in which the 'GrabbingOntoWithHand' action stops the motion of the thing grabbed. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'catch' in WordNet: 4. (9) catch, grab, take hold of - (take hold of so as to seize or restrain or stop the motion of; 'Catch the ball!'; 'Grab the elevator door!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrabbingOntoWithHand, :ReceivingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Motion ] . :CatchingaBaseball :en "catch a baseball" ; :eng "catching a baseball" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CatchingaBaseball'' is a ''Grabbing'' where the thing caught is a ''BaseballBall' that has been thrown in one's general direction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CatchingWithHands, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballBall ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :CatchingaBaseballPitch :en "catch a baseball pitch" ; :eng "catching a baseball pitch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CatchingaBaseballPitch'' is a ''CatchingaBaseball'' typically performed by a ''BaseballCatcher''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CatchingaBaseball, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballPitch ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballCatcher ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :CatchingaCold :en "catch a cold" ; :eng "catching a cold" ; :env "catch a cold" ; :wnsense "catch cold1v" ; :wordnet "catch cold" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CatchingaCold'' is a ''CatchingAnInfectiousDisease'' where the Disease caught is a ''Cold-Illness''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'catch cold' in WordNet: 1. catch cold - (come down with a cold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CatchingAnInfectiousDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cold-Illness ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ] . :Catecholamine :guid "bebf774c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Nitrogen ; :wnsense "catecholamine1n" ; :wordnet "catecholamine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Amines derived from tyrosine. #$Catecholamines affect the #$NervousSystem, metabolic rate, and cardiovascular system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'catecholamine' in WordNet: 1. (1) catecholamine - (any of a group of chemicals including epinephrine and norepinephrine that are produced in the medulla of the adrenal gland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amine . :Categorical :wnsense "categoric2adj", "categorical1adj", "flat3adj", "unconditional2adj" ; :wordnet "categoric", "categorical", "flat", "unconditional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'categorical' in Wordnet: 2. categoric, categorical, flat, unconditional - (not modified or restricted by reservations; 'a categorical denial'; 'a flat refusal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unqualified . :Categorically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Categorical ; :wnsense "categorically1adv", "flatly1adv", "unconditionally1adv" ; :wordnet "categorically", "flatly", "unconditionally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Categorically'' is an AdverbialModifier Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'flatly' in Wordnet: 1. flatly, categorically, unconditionally - (in an unqualified manner; 'he flatly denied the charges') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Categorizing :en "categorizing", "classifying" ; :wnsense "categorization2n", "categorize1v", "class1v", "classification3n", "classify1v", "sorting2n" ; :wordnet "categorization", "categorize", "class", "classification", "classify", "sorting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Categorizing'' is an Action in which the elements of some Group of things (Objects, Events, Attributes) are analyzed by a ''AnalyzingGroupProperties'' Action, and then types (classes,sorts, categories) approriate to the purpose are *created*, and the elements of the Group analyzed are assigned by a ''Classifying'' action into the categories created. This Action creates a ''Classification'' (a group of groups, each of which is a ''SortedGroup', each member of which satisfies the descriptive crtera of a ''Sort'') The statistical procedure that uses properties of a Group of things to determine proximity of elements of the group to each other in some multidimensional space, and then creates groups whose elements have the smallest average distance from each other in that space is the subtype called ''Clustering''. The 'dimensions' of that space may be identical to or analogous to the properties that are of significance to people. This can be and these days always is done by a computer. The subgroups (Categories) thus created can be prepared in any form physical or abstract. Perhaps the most physical would be to put objects into different boxes depending on their type or color. Computers can do abstract categorizing using an ulimited number of criteria. ''Categorizing'' is in essence a mental action, and could be done by a computer, as in the classical process of 'clustering', or more recent aspects of 'deep learning'. of recognizing differences and labeling them. A subsequent action could be a ''Sorting'' Action in which the subgroups are in some way separated from each other - not necessarily physically (perhaps in a database). WN noun 'sorting' appears in the synset with 'classification' and 'categorization' but it seems more appropriate in the dividing-up sense represented as 'Sorting' . Includes verb sense 1 of 'categorize', verb sense 3 of 'classify' and noun sense 3 of 'classification' and verb sense 1 of 'class' and in WordNet: WN verb 'categorize': 1. (1) categorize, categorise - (place into or assign to a category; 'Children learn early on to categorize') WN verb 'classify': 3. relegate, classify - (assign to a class or kind; 'How should algae be classified?'; 'People argue about how to relegate certain mushrooms') WN noun 'classification': 3. classification, categorization, categorisation, sorting - (the basic cognitive process of arranging into classes or categories) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningEvent, :Distinguishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectAnalyzed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnalyzingGroupProperties ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Classifying ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Classification ] . :CategoryError :en "category error", "category mistake" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CategoryError'' is an ''Error'' that is an Assertion that something belongs in one category when it does not belong in that category. Used mostly in arguments about reasoning. In COSMO to help define ''MisCategorize''. 'In COSMO there are probably a number of category errors. If you spot one, please notify the editors.' From WikiPedia 'category mistake': A category mistake, or category error, is a semantic or ontological error in which things belonging to a particular category are presented as if they belong to a different category, or, alternatively, a property is ascribed to a thing that could not possibly have that property. An example is the metaphor \"time crawled\", which if taken literally is not just false but a category mistake. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, :Error . :Caterer :wnsense "caterer1n" ; :wordnet "caterer" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, :ServiceProvider, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Caterer'' is a business that performs ''CommercialCatering''; this is a ''Supplier'' that supplies ''Food-ReadyToEat'' to ''SocialGathering''s of any size. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caterer' in WordNet: 1. (1) caterer - (someone who provides food and service (as for a party)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supplier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialCatering ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Caterpillar :guid "bd589fa7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "caterpillar1n" ; :wordnet "caterpillar" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A butterfly.or moth in its larval stage. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of ' pillar' in WordNet: 1. (1) caterpillar - - (a wormlike and often brightly colored and hairy or spiny larva of a butterfly or moth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InsectLarva, :Lepidopteran . :Catfish :wnsense "catfish1n", "siluriform fish1n" ; :wordnet "catfish", "siluriform fish" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'catfish' in WordNet: 3. catfish, siluriform fish - (any of numerous mostly freshwater bottom-living fishes of Eurasia and North America with barbels like whiskers around the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soft-finnedFish . :Cathedral :wnsense "cathedral1n", "cathedral2n" ; :wordnet "cathedral" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large church, usually the place where a Bishop leads the local Parish. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'cathedral' in WordNet: 1. (4) cathedral - (any large and important church) 2. cathedral, duomo - (the principal Christian church building of a bishop's diocese) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChurchBuilding, :SalientThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CatholicCardinal :wnsense "cardinal1n" ; :wordnet "cardinal" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CatholicCardinal'' is of higher rank than a ''Bishop''. Those who oversee a group of Diocese have a wider area of authority in the Catholic Church. Others serve the Pope directly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cardinal' in WordNet: 1. (2) cardinal - ((Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bishop-Clerical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RomanCatholic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CatholicChurch :wnsense "Catholic Church1n" ; :wordnet "Catholic Church" ; a :IntelligentAgent, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Christian ''Church'' that either recognizes thePope as its head, or, in the case of the Eastern Orthodox Church, considers itself as a branch of Catholicism, but only considers the Pope as 'first among equals' of the bishops. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Catholic Church' in WordNet: 1. (2) Catholic Church - (any of several churches claiming to have maintained historical continuity with the original Christian Church) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Church . :CatholicPerson :wnsense "Catholic1n" ; :wordnet "Catholic" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who adhere to a faith in ''Catholicism'', specifically the Roman Catholic variety. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Catholic' in WordNet: 1. (25) Catholic - (a member of a Catholic church) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Catholicism ; owl:onProperty :believes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Catholics ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RomanCatholic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Catholicism :hasBeliever :Catholics ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :RomanCatholic ; :hasTopic :ThePopeIsGodsRepresentative ; :wnsense "catholicism1n" ; :wordnet "catholicism" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """The faith ''Catholicism'', specifically that of the ''RomanCatholicChurch''. Also referred to disparagingly as 'popery': WN 1. popery, papism - (offensive terms for the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Catholicism' in WordNet: 1. (5) Catholicism, Catholicity - (the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church) """ . :Catholics :believes :Catholicism ; :en "catholics" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :RomanCatholic ; a :ReligiousGroup ; rdfs:comment """The plural of 'Catholic', referring to all ''CatholicPerson''s as a group (i.e. those who are ''RomanCatholic''). """ . :Cation :wnsense "cation1n" ; :wordnet "cation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Ion'' having a positive charge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cation' in WordNet: 1. cation - (a positively charged ion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ion . :Cattail :wnsense "cattail1n" ; :wordnet "cattail" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cattail' in WordNet: 1. cattail - (tall erect herbs with sword-shaped leaves; cosmopolitan in fresh and salt marshes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarshPlant . :CattleOrHorses a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfBeasts ; owl:unionOf (:GroupOfHorses :HerdOfCattle ) . :CaucasianPerson :wnsense "Caucasian1n", "White1n", "white person1n" ; :wordnet "Caucasian", "White", "white person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CaucasianPerson'' is a collective term applied to the broad category of 'Caucasian' people believed to have descended from ancestors in the area of the Caucases mountains, and including fair-skinned europeans as well as Semitic peoples. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Caucasian' in WordNet: 1. White, white person, Caucasian - (a member of the Caucasoid race) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity . :Caucus :wnsense "caucus1n" ; :wordnet "caucus" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Caucus'' is a ''FormalMeeting'' held by some poliical group, often a partisan poltical group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caucus' in WordNet: 1. caucus - (a closed political meeting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalMeeting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Private ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliticalPartyMember ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Politics ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Cauliflower :wnsense "Brassica oleracea botrytis1n", "cauliflower1n" ; :wordnet "Brassica oleracea botrytis", "cauliflower" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: 1. a form of cultivated plant, Brassica oleracea botrytis, of the mustard family, whose inflorescence forms a compact, usually whitish head. Cf. broccoli. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cauliflower' in WordNet: 1. cauliflower, Brassica oleracea botrytis - (a plant having a large edible head of crowded white flower buds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CruciferousPlant . :Cauliflower-Foodstuff :isDerivedFrom :Cauliflower ; :wnsense "cauliflower2n" ; :wordnet "cauliflower" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type ''Cauliflower-Foodstuff'' is Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cauliflower' in WordNet: 2. cauliflower - (compact head of white undeveloped flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CruciferousVegetable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :White ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Caulk :guid "bdc1a07c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "caulk1n", "caulking1n" ; :wordnet "caulk", "caulking" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caulk' in WordNet: 1. caulk, caulking - (a waterproof sealant and filler that is used in building and repair to make watertight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sealant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SealingSomething ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ] . :Causal :pertainsTo :CausalExplanation, :Cause ; :wnsense "causal1adj" ; :wordnet "causal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Causal'' is AttributeValue of relations between observations. This Attribute distinguishes 'if-then' types of relations between events from random connections, even among those pairs of event types between which there appears to be some correlation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'causal' in Wordnet: 1. (5) causal - (involving or constituting a cause; causing; 'a causal relationship between scarcity and higher prices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medical . :CausalEvent :ldoce "cause" ; :wnsense "cause1n" ; :wordnet "cause" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CausalEvent'' is a SituationProcessEventOrState (whether physical of abstract) that plays the Role of a Cause of something. This is specific for 'causes' that are Events. This includes 'causes' that have some intermediate Event between the ''CausalEvent'' and the Event that is the object of the ''causes'' restriction; for example, hitting a ''CueBall' on a ''PoolTable'' with a ''CueStick'' may cause another ''BilliardBall'' to move, and when that second ''BilliardBall'' strikes a third ''BilliardBall'' and causes that to move, the striking of the ''CueBall' can be viewed as a ''CausalEvent'' of the motion of the third ''BilliardBall'', but it is not a ''DirectCause. For the more direct ''CausalEvent'' of one ''BilliardBall'' striking and causing a second to move, use the subtype ''DirectCause''. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (18) cause - (events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something; 'they are trying to determine the cause of the crash') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cause, :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :Difference :DifferenceType ) ] ] . :CausalExplanation :ldoce "reason" ; :wnsense "reason2n" ; :wordnet "reason" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CausalExplanation is an Explanation that can answer the question 'why did that happen?'. It is not an explanation for a Belief or for taking some Action. This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reason' in WordNet: 2. (32) reason - (an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon; 'the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Explanation . :Causative :isAnAttributeValueOf :CausingSomething ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Event ; :wnsense "causative1adj" ; :wordnet "causative" ; a :CausativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Causative' is an attribute value of Events, that can cause other types of Events. subtypes of this attribute can be more specific as to the type of Event that is caused by Events with that attribute. NOTE: the restriction is probably better treated by an inheritable restriction on a parent metatype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'causative' in Wordnet: 1. (1) causative - (producing an effect; 'poverty as a causative factor in crime') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :CausativeAttributeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CausativeAttributeType'' is a specialized metaclass that is used forsubtypes of attribute ''Causative'' to facilitate specifying what kind of Event is caused by some event with each subtype of ''Causative''..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType . :Cause :ldoce "cause" ; :wnsense "cause4n" ; :wordnet "cause" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anything (object, substance, or SituationProcessEventOrState, whether physical of abstract) that plays the Role of a Cause of something. NOTE that WordNet has multiple subtypes of 'cause' including things that *may* have some causal agency, but do not always play that Role in a specific situation. The meaning of this type is best expressed logicaly by using one of the 'cause' relations, such as 'wasCausedBy'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet, but not restricting the meaning to physical things, as the WN hypernym 'physical entity' suggests: in WordNet: 4. (4) causal agent, cause, causal agency - (any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role . :CauseConfusion :guid "bdc26d11-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "confuse" ; :wnsense "bedevil2v", "befuddle1v", "blur3v", "confound1v", "confuse2v", "confuse6v", "confusion2n", "discombobulate2v", "fox2v", "fuddle3v", "obnubilate2v", "obscure2v" ; :wordnet "bedevil", "befuddle", "blur", "confound", "confuse", "confusion", "discombobulate", "fox", "fuddle", "obnubilate", "obscure" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To 'CauseConfusion' is to create a feeling of 'Confusion' in some IntelligentAgent. This Event can be a result of a Person acting, but may also be the result of external events. This type also represents one sense of the act 'to confuse': to confuse things is to experience 'Confusion' This includes parts of senses 2 and 6 of 'confuse' in WordNet, but also include non-intentional Events that cause confusion: in WordNet: 2. (5) confuse, throw, fox, befuddle, fuddle, bedevil, confound, discombobulate - (be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly; 'These questions confuse even the experts'; 'This question completely threw me'; 'This question befuddled even the teacher') 6. confuse, blur, obscure, obnubilate - (make unclear, indistinct, or blurred; 'Her remarks confused the debate'; 'Their words obnubilate their intentions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baffled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Confusion ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :CauseOfDeath :wnsense "cause of death1n" ; :wordnet "cause of death" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CauseOfDeath' is any disease, situation, Event, that was the primary 'Cause' of a person dying. In the case of Killing, the 'Killing' Action is the 'CauseOfDeath', and the killer is pointed to by the 'wasTheAgentInAction' relation on that 'Killing' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cause of death' in WordNet: 1. cause of death, killer - (the causal agent resulting in death; 'heart disease is the biggest killer in the United States') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cause, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :Death ] . :Causeway :guid "c7f2ea28-24da-41d7-83a1-b5de376e022a" ; :wnsense "causeway1n" ; :wordnet "causeway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A raised roadway or bridge across wet ground or shallow water. Causeways are relatively long with respect to the average bridge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'causeway' in WordNet: 1. causeway - (a road that is raised above water or marshland or sand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bridge, :Roadway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterObject ; owl:onProperty :crossesAbove ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CausingAnAche :wnsense "ache3v", "hurt1v", "smart1v" ; :wordnet "ache", "hurt", "smart" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CausingAnAche'' is a ''CausingaPerception'' that causes a ''PainOrAche''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'ache' in WordNet: 3. (2) ache, smart, hurt - (be the source of pain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PainOrAche ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :CausingAnAttributeChange a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - physically causes a change in some AttributeValue of some Object. This is a **transitive** sense in which an Agent should be specified (even if it is a ''Situation''), and the result is either an ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' (an intransitive sense of an Event) in which some attribute changes, or, directly an ''AttributeValueChange'' (Difference) in some attribute values. See also 'ImpartingAnAttribute'' for causing a *new* attribute to appear rather than focusing on the change of the attribute. ''IpartingAnAttribute'' can be used to focus on the resulting Attribute when one want to focus on the resuting Attribute, even if it *could* be represented as a change (but does nothave to be in the given context). Each 'CausingAnAttributeChange' is an Event in which some PhysicalObject or PhysicalSubstance has one of its AttributeValues changed, This is a specialization of the generic BecomingEvent in that the Change specified by this Event type is a change of AttributeValues, each value being of the same AttributeValueType (Length, Temperature). The actual change in AttributeValues is represented by an 'AttributeValueChange', a subtype of 'Difference' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :CausingChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueChange :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent :Difference :Event :EventType :DifferenceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttributeChangeEvent ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ] . :CausingAnEvent :en "give rise to", "lead to", "result in" ; :wnsense "bring about2v", "cause1v", "give rise1v", "lead3v", "make5v", "produce3v", "result1v" ; :wordnet "bring about", "cause", "give rise", "lead", "make", "produce", "result" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CausingAnEvent'' is an Event (including static situations) that causes some other Event, dynamic or static (such as a ''Feeling''). This is an Event that is related to some other Event by the relation 'causes' or 'caused' or 'alwaysCauses' or some subproperty of any of those relations. An Event that is related by any 'cause' relation (property) other than 'alwaysCauses' may be an instance of this type, but may not be. This type my be logically redundant with the relations but may be needed for representing ordinary linguistic assertions about the consequences of . some Event. NOTE: the synset 'result, ensue' appears to mix two concepts, 'result in' (cause, the intended meaning here) and 'result from' (be caused by, ensue). The latter meaning is represented by ''EnsuingEvent''. Includes verb senses 1 of 'cause' and part of verb sense 2 of 'bring about' (cause to happen or cause to exist, but not with a produced object as *direct object*) in WordNet: 1. (114) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') WN verb 'bring about': 2. produce, bring about, give rise - (cause to happen, occur or exist; 'This procedure produces a curious effect'; 'The new law gave rise to many complaints'; 'These chemicals produce a noxious vapor'; 'the new President must bring about a change in the health care system') WN verb 'lead': 3. (27) lead - (tend to or result in; \"This remark lead to further arguments among the guests\") WN verb 'result': 1. (45) result, ensue - (issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end; \"result in tragedy\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :CausingAnIncrease :wnsense "increase2v", "increase5n", "step-up1n" ; :wordnet "increase", "step-up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'increase' in WordNet: 2. (76) increase - (make bigger or more; 'The boss finally increased her salary'; 'The university increased the number of students it admitted') WN noun 'increase': 5. (3) increase, step-up - (the act of increasing something; \"he gave me an increase in salary\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ; owl:someValuesFrom :Increased ] . :CausingAnObjectToMove :en "causing motion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CausingAnObjectToMove'' is an Action in which some Agent (which could be natural) causes a PhysicalObject to perform some kind of motion that is not just a shape change while standing in place; the Motion could be translation, rotation, or (of fluid objects) whirling around in a container. Causing a whirlpool in a BodyOfWater or a Tornado in Air would be borderline subtypes of this. \"caused\" \"causes\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :CausingSomething, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :Stimulus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Motion :MotionType :ChangingDirectionOfMotion ) ] ] . :CausingAnotherObjectsRotation :en "causing an object to rotate", "making an object rotate", "rotating something", "turning something" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CausingAnotherObjectsRotation'' is a subtype of ''CausingAnObjectToMove'' that represents the causative (transitive) sense of 'turn' or 'rotate' in which some agent intentionally causes another object to undergo a ''Rotation'' action. NOTE that the thing that rotates could be a liquid, as when one stirs a liquid in a container causing it to engage in a rotation; this can be done by pushing the liquid with some kind of impeller in an open-top or closed container (swirling), or if the liquid is enclosed in an Erlenmeyer flask, the flask itself can be rotated by hand, or the liquid might be contained in a round container on a platform that rotates, as in certain experimental fermentation procedures. A common subtype is ''ReelingSomethingOntoASpool'' as in done in various actions such as rod fishing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnObjectToMove, :Rotation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotation ; owl:onProperty :caused ] . :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion :eng "moving", "shifting", "transferring" ; :ldoce "move" ; :wnsense "move2v", "shift3v", "transfer1v" ; :wordnet "move", "shift", "transfer" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type represents the causative (transitive) sense of 'move' in which some agent causes an object to undergo a Translocation. This differs somewhat from the CYC by not requiring that the agent provide the motive force; 'Dropping' is a subtype (removing a support) and in that case the motive force is provided by gravity. This can be used as the parent for translations of undefined origin and destination (such as 'towing') as well as completed translations (such as a 'shift' or 'transfer'). NOTE that this refers to an ''Object'' but for convenience this type can specify causing an instance of SubstanceType to move, as in pumping or inflating with gas or liquid. @ToDo: in a later (>981) version, the distinction might be restored. NOTE: In SUMO the same notion appears to be represented by the term 'Transfer' In COSMO the more expressive Cyc term is used. 'transfer' occurs in the labels for this and other types of transfer (such as ''MoneyTransfer''. COSMO note: in COSMO this is interepreted as including Actions where an animal causes a part (but not the whole) of its body to move, such as in an event where a person deliberately touches something. The thing moved is not the whole animal,therefore the Agent and the thing moved are not identical. Cyc: A specialization of both #$ActionOnObject and #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In each instance of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, one object causes another object to undergo a translational motion. The object causing the motion is related to the event by #$providerOfMotiveForce (q.v.), while the object which is caused to move is related by #$objectActedOn and #$objectMoving (qq.v.). One way to cause another object's motion is to carry it along with oneself (see the specialization #$CarryingWhileLocomoting); other ways include throwing it, kicking it, or knocking it away. Some instances of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion may also be instances of #$Translation-Complete (such as instances of #$CarryingWhileLocomoting), whereas others (such as instances of #$PumpingFluid) may be instances of #$FluidFlow-Translation. Instances of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion include a train transporting passengers, a person pushing a coin into a vending machine, the release of a bowstring which propels an arrow, and a magnet attracting a nail. SUMO: Any instance of Translocation where the agent and the patient are not the same thing. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'move' (the physical movement sense) and verb sense 1 of 'transfer' and non sense 1 of 'transfer' in WordNet. For transfers of money or liquid assets, use 'MoneyTransfer'. in WordNet: 2. (60) move, displace - (cause to move, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; 'Move those boxes into the corner, please'; 'I'm moving my money to another bank'; 'The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant') WN verb 'transfer': 1. (7) transfer, shift - (move around; 'transfer the packet from his trouser pockets to a pocket in his jacket') WN noun 'transfer': 1. (20) transportation, transfer, transferral, conveyance - (the act of moving something from one location to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnObjectToMove, :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :caused ] . :CausingAwe :wnsense "awe1n" ; :wordnet "awe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CausingAwe'' is an Event that causes ''Awe''. NOTE: the parent for verb 'awe' in WN is to frighten someone, but here although at least one sense of 'awe' can inclue being frightened, this sense is primarily for causing an ''Awe'' which is a mixture of admiration and repect, with a little bit of surprise at the grandeur of the thing causing the awe. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'awe' in WordNet: 1. (4) awe - (an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration; 'he stared over the edge with a feeling of awe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Awe ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Awed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :CausingChange :en "cause a change", "causing change" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation, some Object or Force - physically causes some Event, and that Event results in a Change. This is used for Events that have a salient component of something changing - for example, 'modernization' (to make more modern). Other '-ization' words may also carry similar meaning, to cause to become something specific. This meaning is contained in the Chinese character 'hua\\' (fourth tone), meaning 'to change', used in combinations that convey the meaning of 'cause to change'. This is an Event in which some causative agency (agent or Event) directly results in another Event. For the relations specifying what caused what, see 'causes' and 'caused'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :CausingSomething . :CausingDeepLaughter :wnsense "convulse1v" ; :wordnet "convulse" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CausingDeepLaughter'' is an ''AmusementEvent'' that causes a ''Person'' to be 'convulsed with laughter', ''ConvulsiveLaughter'', laughing so deeply as to be hard to stop. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'convulse' in WordNet: 1. (1) convulse - (make someone convulse with laughter; 'The comedian convulsed the crowd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmusementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConvulsiveLaughing ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :CausingHarmony :wnsense "harmonise4v", "harmonize4v" ; :wordnet "harmonise", "harmonize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CausingHarmony'' is an Action in which an Agent performs some Action to make different parts of a System or Situation work together in 'harmony'. This is very general, applicable to different types of situation. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'harmonize' in WordNet: 4. harmonize, harmonise - (bring into consonance or relate harmoniously; 'harmonize the different interests') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoingWellTogether ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :CausingMentalDistress :causesMentalEventType :MentalDistress ; :wnsense "anguish2v", "hurt3v", "pain2v" ; :wordnet "anguish", "hurt", "pain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CausingMentalDistress'' is an 'UpsettingEvent' that is an ''Action'' that causes a person to feel ''MentalDistress''. The ''MentalDistress'' can be relatively mild, or intense. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'hurt' in WordNet: 3. (4) pain, anguish, hurt - (cause emotional anguish or make miserable; 'It pains me to see my children not being taught well in school') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :UpsettingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MentalDistress ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ] . :CausingSomething :ldoce "cause" ; :wnsense "afford2v", "cause1v", "give2v", "yield1v" ; :wordnet "afford", "cause", "give", "yield" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some thing - an agent, an Event or Action, a Situation - physically causes some Event. This does not include the psychological 'causing' in which some event causes an agent to perform some Action. This is an Event in which some causative agency directly results in another Event. For the relations specifying what caused what, see 'causes' and 'caused'. NOTE that 'CausingSomething' is a SUBTYPE of 'AffectingSomething' - the linguistic use of 'cause' requires a stronger relation than just 'affect'; to 'cause' is to be one of a small number of unquestioned direct causes, not merely to have some influence. COSMO note: causality is a very primitive concept, about which there is no broad consensus. For COSMO, the main inference is the contrafactual assertion that 'if A caused B, B would not have occurred without A'. This by itself does not distinguish 'cause' from enabling conditions, which are represented in COSMO by the relation 'allowed'. The notion of 'causality' in COSMO requires that matter or energy be transferred from the objects participating in the causal Event to some Objects participating in the Effect Event. In the relation 'allows', this direct form of causation is not required. Processes can also have causal relations. The causality of processes is not yet elaborated in COSMO. More logical elaboration is needed. Although 'causing' is a subtype of 'affecting' one would use 'affecting' or 'influencing' linguistically only if 'causing' wasn't an intended meaning. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet (see also relation 'caused'): in WordNet: 1. (114) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') WN verb 'yield': 1. (6) yield, give, afford - (be the cause or source of; 'He gave me a lot of trouble'; 'Our meeting afforded much interesting information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectingSomething, :CausalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Difference :AttributeValueChange :Event :ImpartingAnAttribute :AttributeValueType :EventType :DifferenceType ) ] ] . :CausingToSwell :ldoce "swell" ; :wnsense "swell6v" ; :wordnet "swell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CausingToSwell'' is the transitive Action that causes something to 'swell up' or expand (the action represented in the ost general sense by ''Swelling-Generic''). NOtTE that this is an action, and when the presence of a substace (e.g. Water) causes something to swell, the thing causing the swelling is the state of 'the presence of water'. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'swell' in WordNet: 6. swell - (cause to become swollen; 'The water swells the wood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwellingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swelling-Generic ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :CausingaChemicalChange :en "cause a change in chemical composition", "cause a chemical change", "causing a chemical change" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CausingaChemicalChange is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in which the chemical composition of some Object or Substance is changed in some way, causing a ''ChemicalTransformationEvent''. This can be done by several methods,such as heating or irradiating,or in some cases by changing the pressure on the object. If the change is caused by reacting with another substance,that would be causing a ''Chemicalreaction''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :CausingChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalSubstanceType ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalTransformationEvent ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :CausingaColorChange a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CausingaColorChange'' is an Action that causes the 'Color' of an Object or Substance to change. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ColorAttribute ; owl:onProperty :hasChangedAttribute ] . :CausingaFeeling a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CausingaFeeling'' is an Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - physically causes some Feeling in a Person (or perhaps an animal). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :FeelingType ] . :CausingaMentalEvent :wnsense "affect5v", "impress1v", "move9v", "strike3v" ; :wordnet "affect", "impress", "move", "strike" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CausingaMentalEvent' is an Event (including static situations) that causes some mental Event (such as a Feeling) in the mind of some 'IntentionalAgent'. One example is a 'PleasingEvent', causing Pleasure. Every 'Perceiving' causes some MentalEvent - at least a 'Learning' which occurs when an agent perceives something and that perception is registered in short-term memory. 'Perceiving' is itself a MentalEvent (as well as a PhysicalEvent), and can be caused by external Events entering the field of perception: a sound blaring, an object entering the field of vision, an odor entering a person's nose. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impress' in WordNet: 5. affect, impress, move, strike - (have an emotional or cognitive impact upon; 'This child impressed me as unusually mature'; 'This behavior struck me as odd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :CausingaNegativeSituation :en "subjecting" ; :wnsense "incur1v", "incurring", "subject1v", "subject2v" ; :wordnet "incur", "subject" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CausingaNegativeSituation'' is a vague class of Events in which a Person performs some action that creates a new Situation in which there is a risk - to the acting agent (the 'Performative Agent') or to someone else (the 'Affected Aent') - of some undesirable Event to the agent at risk (either agent). This differs from the sister type ''NecessitatingSomething'' in that the situation created does not necessarily call for action on the part of the agent placed at risk. This type of Action is expressed by terms such as 'subjecting' (an agent to risk) or 'incurring' (a negative response). The latter - afecting oneself - is represented by the subtype ''IncurringaNegativeSituation''. In the WN gloss, 'subjecting' (which is often used for actions causing negative effects on others) is also used to mean **subject himself to 'judgents'**. Thus causing a negative situation to oneself is repreented here as the subtype ''IncurringaNegativeSituation'' of this more general type. This more general type should be used to represent causing a negative situation for people other than the Performative Agent. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'subject' in WordNet: 1. (10) subject - (cause to experience or suffer or make liable or vulnerable to; 'He subjected me to his awful poetry'; 'The sergeant subjected the new recruits to many drills'; 'People in Chernobyl were subjected to radiation') 2. (6) subject - (make accountable for; 'He did not want to subject himself to the judgments of his superiors') WN verb 'incur': 1. (11) incur - (make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to; 'People who smoke incur a great danger to their health') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UndesirableThing ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :CausingaPerception :wnsense "cause to be perceived1v" ; :wordnet "cause to be perceived" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CausingaPerception'' is an Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - physically causes some ''Perceiving'' in a Person (or perhaps an animal). NOTE: this type could nominally be applied to any Event that is perceived by a Person, but this only for Events that *characteristically* or typically cause some Perceptions, such as Events inside the body of an Organism. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cause to be perceived' in WordNet: 1. cause to be perceived - (have perceptible qualities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceiving ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :CausingaPersonToAct :wnsense "cause2v", "get10v", "have13v", "induce2v", "make4v", "stimulate2v" ; :wordnet "cause", "get", "have", "induce", "make", "stimulate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CausingaPersonToAct'' is a 'CausingAnEvent' in which some Event provides the motivation for a 'Person'' to perform some kind of Action.. NOTE: that the Parent type ''ProvokingAnAction'' is an Event that provides a stimulus to act, but the Person tempted to act may not actually perform the act; this type is for a 'inducing' Event that in fact does cause a Person to act. @ToDo: the terms 'indice and provoke' may be used in either sense, and how to differentiate will need study of multiple examples. 'the Devil made me do it.' NOTE: this is for any Event that can stimuate a human Action - including perceptions, experiences, or the Actions of other agents. The more forceful 'compulsion' by People of other people is represented by the subtype ''Compelling'', and the more gentle or non-compulsive 'persuading' using linguistic arguments is ''PersuadingToAct''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'make' in WordNet: 4. (85) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnEvent, :ProvokingAnAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :CausingaShapeChange :en "cause a change of shape", "cause a shape change", "causing a change of shape", "causing a shape change" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which something (usually Object, but could be a rate or a process or a path) is caused to change by the influence of some other Object or Event (or Force?). For the intentional Action of an agent casusing a sape change, use ''ShapingSomething''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :CausingChange . :Caution :ldoce "care" ; :wnsense "care2n", "caution3n" ; :wordnet "care", "caution" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A static Event during which a person experiences caution for some interval of time. Synonym of 'Care' as in 'take care' = 'be cautious'. Caution is not Fear, but is an attitude (here represented as a Feeling) that is intentional. @ToDo - perhaps attitudes should be in a separate parallel branch to Feelings? Caution is a DirectedFeeling because the person who is taking Caution has some hazard in mind. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'caution' and noun sense 2 of 'care' in WordNet: WN noun 'care': 2. (4) caution, precaution, care, forethought - (judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger; 'he exercised caution in opening the door'; 'he handled the vase with care') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :EmotionalState . :Cautious :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Caution ; :isTheOppositeOf :Careless ; :ldoce "careful" ; :wnsense "careful1adj", "cautious1adj" ; :wordnet "careful", "cautious" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling Caution, and as a consequence acts with caution. This AttributeValue attributes both a Feeling and a Behavior to an Animal. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'cautious' and part of sense 1 of 'careful' in WordNet (not including 'showing care or attention' - use ''Careful''): in WordNet: 1. (2) cautious - (showing careful forethought; 'reserved and cautious; never making swift decisions'; 'a cautious driver') 3. cautious - (cautious in attitude and careful in actions; prudent; 'a cautious answer'; 'very cautious about believing everything she was told') WN 'careful': 1. (19) careful - (exercising caution or showing care or attention; 'they were careful when crossing the busy street'; 'be careful to keep her shoes clean'; 'did very careful research'; 'careful art restorers'; 'careful of the rights of others'; 'careful about one's behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute . :Cavalry :wnsense "cavalry1n", "horse cavalry1n", "horse cavalry2n" ; :wordnet "cavalry", "horse cavalry" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Cavalry'' represents the military unit that fights on horseback. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cavalry' in WordNet: 1. (7) cavalry, horse cavalry, horse - (troops trained to fight on horseback; '500 horse led the attack') WN noun 'horse cavalry': 2. horse cavalry - (an army unit mounted on horseback) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :HorsebackCavalryman ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:minCardinality "10" ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Cavalryman :wnsense "cavalryman1n", "trooper1n" ; :wordnet "cavalryman", "trooper" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cavalryman'' is any 'Soldier' (male or female) serving in a branch of the military referred to as 'cavalry', which in modern armies includes motorized and armored units. The older type of 'cavalryman' who fights on horseback is represented as a ''HorsebackCavalryman''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cavalryman' in WordNet: 1. (1) cavalryman, trooper - (a soldier in a motorized army unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soldier . :Cave :guid "bd588330-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cave1n" ; :wordnet "cave" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Cave'' is a ''DeepHoleInTheGround'' that is natural (not artifactual). It can be of any size but to fit the commonsense meaning it should be at least big enough for some kind of mammal to enter. Thus it can serve in the ''Role''of a ''Den'' for an animal,including people ('cave man'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cave' in WordNet: 1. (4) cave - (a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirPathThroughSolid, :CavityWithWalls, :DeepHoleInTheGround, :LandTopographicalFeature, :UndergroundLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Den ; owl:onProperty :canServeInRole ] . :CaveMan :wnsense "cave dweller1n", "cave man1n", "caveman1n", "troglodyte2n" ; :wordnet "cave dweller", "cave man", "caveman", "troglodyte" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CaveMan'' is any ''PrimitivePerson'' of any age or sex who has lived habitually in a ''Cave'', in the prehistorc era. This is for persons who lived before civilization began, more than fifteen thousand years BC. A modern who decides to live in a cave is not an instance. For that, see ''Hermit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cave man' in WordNet: 1. caveman, cave man, cave dweller, troglodyte - (someone who lives in a cave) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeadPerson, :PrimitivePerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prehistoric ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cave ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Caveat :wnsense "caution2n", "caveat1n" ; :wordnet "caution", "caveat" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Caveat'' is a ''WarningText'' mentioning a ''PossibleFutureDanger'' that may be a consequence of a ''PossibleFutureAction''. 'caveat emptor' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caveat' in WordNet: 1. (1) caution, caveat - (a warning against certain acts; 'a caveat against unfair practices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WarningText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureAction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureDanger ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :CaveatEmptor :en "caveat emptor" ; :enn "caveat emptor" ; a :Caveat ; rdfs:comment """''CaveatEmptor'' is Latin for 'buyer, beware'. This is a warning that some thing a Person may buy may not be as good or as useful or as functional as it appears to be. This is used for sitations where an object for sale does not have a return gurantee, or the seller is unreliable. """ . :Cavern :wnsense "cavern2n" ; :wordnet "cavern" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cavern' in WordNet: 2. (1) cavern - (a large cave or a large chamber in a cave) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Caviar :wnsense "caviar1n", "caviare1n" ; :wordnet "caviar", "caviare" ; a :FoodType, :RoleType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Caviar'' is a ''Roe'' (the best is from the''Sturgeon'') that is collected and packaged as a Food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'caviar' in WordNet: 1. caviar, caviare - (salted roe of sturgeon or other large fish; usually served as an hors d'oeuvre) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roe, :Seafood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sturgeon ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sturgeon ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ] . :Cavity :guid "bd5891a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cavity1n", "cavity2n", "cavity3n" ; :wordnet "cavity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO Note: This is a heterogeneous category, which could be a (relatively empty) region in side a PhysicalObject or a PhysicalObject surrounding an Empty space. A ''Cavity'' need not be surrounded on all sides, but should at least be surrounded completely in some 2-dimensional plane. The space inside a 'tube' is a ''Cavity'', and the space inside an inflated balloon is also a ''Cavity'' Cyc: The collection of all cavities, including instances of #$Crevice, deep concavities or holes, and cavities of containers (for example, the interior of a box). Instances of #$Cavity can include walls as parts, in which case they are instances of #$CavityWithWalls. Instances of #$Cavity, unlike instances of #$Container, do not have well defined outside walls. includes all 4 sense of 'cavity' in WordNet: 1. (1) pit, cavity - (a sizeable hole (usually in the ground); 'they dug a pit to bury the body') 2. cavity, enclosed space - (space that is surrounded by something) 3. cavity, caries, dental caries, tooth decay - (soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityOrContainer, :Opening, :PhysicalFeature . :CavityOrContainer :guid "be1aa632-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all cavities, containers, and hollow objects. An instance of #$CavityOrContainer spatially subsumes a hollow space region, and might include as #$physicalParts either no enclosing walls (#$CavityInteriorRegion), just the inside surface of the walls (#$CavityWithWalls), or the complete walls (#$ContainerShapedObject). #$Containers, such as coffee cups, buildings or stomachs, have well-defined outside walls. Instances of #$Cavity such as caves and rooms do not have well-defined outside walls. #$CavityOrContainer was reified since certain properties hold true of both instances of #$Container and of #$Cavity, and since we wish to use certain predicates interchangeably. For example, we wish to use the same predicate, #$pipeEndsAtCavity for talking about relationships holding between esophagi and stomachs in addition to that which holds between hallways and rooms.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialThing-Localized . :CavityWithWalls :guid "bddcd29a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasSpatialPartType :Hole ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO Note: every reified instance of 'CavityWithWalls' must specify the object in which it is a cavity, using the 'isLocatedAt' relation. The relation 'hasSpatialPartType' specifies that some hole is part of a CavityWithWalls, but the hole itself does not need to be reified for each instance. NOTE that any ''CavityWithWalls'' can be a ''GenericContainer'', in that the space inside a ''CavityWithWalls'' can be ocupied by some small enough ''Physicalobject'' (sollid or liquid). Cyc: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible and #$Cavity. Each instance of #$CavityWithWalls is an individual that spatially subsumes both the intangible space region inside a cavity (see #$CavityInteriorRegion) and the surfaces that constitute the inner walls of the cavity. Compare #$CavityWithWalls to the collection #$Cavity - some instances of #$Cavity have their walls as parts, and some do not.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cavity, :GenericContainer, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Cavy :wnsense "cavy1n" ; :wordnet "cavy" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cavy' in WordNet: 1. cavy - (short-tailed rough-haired South American rodent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortTail ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :CaymanIslands a :Country . :CeaseFire :wnsense "armistice1n", "cease-fire1n", "truce1n" ; :wordnet "armistice", "cease-fire", "truce" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CeaseFire''is a type of 'Pause' (a temporary cessation; a 'PersistentState') of some ''War'' (military fighting whether declared as a ''War'' or not). The Halting event that causes this PersistentState is not represented here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cease-fire' in WordNet: 1. armistice, cease-fire, truce - (a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Pause, :PurposefulInaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :War ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PausingHostilities ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Ceaselessly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Persistent ; :wnsense "ceaselessly1adv", "continuously2adv", "endlessly2adv", "incessantly1adv", "persistently1adv", "unceasingly1adv", "unendingly1adv" ; :wordnet "ceaselessly", "continuously", "endlessly", "incessantly", "persistently", "unceasingly", "unendingly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ceaselessly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that the action is performed repeatedly or seemingly repeatedly and exhibits 'persistence' on the part of theAgent performing the Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ceaselessly' in Wordnet: 1. endlessly, ceaselessly, incessantly, unceasingly, unendingly, continuously - (with unflagging resolve; \"dance inspires him ceaselessly to strive higher and higher toward the shining pinnacle of perfection that is the goal of every artiste\") WN adv 'persistently': 1. (1) persistently - (in a persistent manner; 'he was asking questions, unavoidable questions, persistently...') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constantly . :CeasingToExist :wnsense "disappear3v", "vanish4v" ; :wordnet "disappear", "vanish" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CeasingToExist'' is an Event in which some Object or type of Object no longer has ''Existence'' in some World or Context. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'vanish' in WordNet: 4. vanish, disappear - (cease to exist; 'An entire civilization vanished') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :EndingOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nonexistent ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Existing ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeBefore ] . :Cecum :guid "bdeeaee0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blind gut1n", "caecum1n", "cecum1n" ; :wordnet "blind gut", "caecum", "cecum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all ceca. The #$Cecum (also 'caecum')is located at the proximal end of the #$LargeIntestine, situated below the #$IleoCecalValve. The #$Appendix-OrganPart arises from the #$Cecum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cecum' in WordNet: 1. cecum, caecum, blind gut - (the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens; 'the appendix is an offshoot of the cecum') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :BodyCavity, :Intestine . :CedarTree :wnsense "cedar tree1n", "cedar tree2n", "cedar1n", "cedar3n", "true cedar1n" ; :wordnet "cedar", "cedar tree", "true cedar" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'cedar tree' in WordNet: 1. cedar, cedar tree - (any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars) 2. cedar, cedar tree, true cedar - (any cedar of the genus Cedrus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConiferousTree, :Tree . :CedarWood :isDerivedFrom :CedarTree ; :wnsense "cedar tree1n", "cedar tree2n", "cedar2n" ; :wordnet "cedar", "cedar tree" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lumber, :Wood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CedarTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Ceiling :wnsense "ceiling1n" ; :wordnet "ceiling" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The top part of a room in a structure, above the open space of the Room, and below the Roof or the Floor of the next level. This includes the top part of a room in a portable structure, such as the flexible canvas supported by poles in an 'ErectedTent'. A Ceiling can be slanted, though it commonly is horizontal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ceiling' in WordNet: 1. (7) ceiling - - (the overhead upper surface of a room; 'he hated painting the ceiling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SolidObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Room ] . :CelebratingChristmas :en "celebrating Christmas" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CelebratingChristmas'' is any form of ''Celebration'' that is performed during the season around ''Christmas'', which is December 25th in the West and 13 days later for those still using the Eastern calendar. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Celebration, :PleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChristmasSeason ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :Celebration :guid "bd58e3c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "celebration2n", "festivity1n" ; :wordnet "celebration", "festivity" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Generic 'celebrations' not necessarily organized. It could be spontaneous, as in response to some news. ??If assisted by social media commmunications is it 'organized'??? The relation ''observesOrCelebrates'' can be used to point to an Event that is being celebrated, and 'hadHonoree'' can be used to point to a Person(s) who are being feted, honored, or given something of value. CYC: The collection of acts of celebrating. For example, jumping for joy. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'celebration' in WordNet: 2. (1) celebration, festivity - (any joyous diversion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :RecreationalActivity, :SocialGathering . :Celebrity :guid "bf80be25-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "celebrity1n" ; :wordnet "celebrity" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Anyone who is known by a large number of people, either explicitly by name, or by action. COSMO note: this differs from 'FamousHuman' in that it applies primarily to entertainers and artists(such as authors), rather than to those who are famous within some other restricted areas such as science. Some but not all sports players become celebrities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'celebrity' in WordNet: 1. (1) celebrity, famous person - (a widely known person; 'he was a baseball celebrity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FamousHuman . :Celery-Foodstuff :wnsense "celery2n" ; :wordnet "celery" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Celery (the substance of which a ''CeleryPlant'' consists), in any of its edible forms, whether raw or cooked. Usually it is in the form of stalks, but can be chopped as an additive in various foods. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'celery' in Wordnet: 2. celery - (stalks eaten raw or cooked or used as seasoning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CeleryPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :CeleryPlant :guid "bd58b051-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "celery1n" ; :wordnet "celery" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual celery plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'celery' in Wordnet: 1. celery, cultivated celery, Apium graveolens dulce - (widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :HerbPlant, :Vegetable-Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Celery-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Celestial :pertainsTo :OuterSpace, :OuterSpaceObject, :Sky ; :wnsense "celestial1adj", "heavenly2adj" ; :wordnet "celestial", "heavenly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Celestial'' is the PertainingAttribute pertaining to the ''Sky'' or ''OuterSpace'',and to any objects not located on Earth, but visible (in theory) in the sky. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'celestial' in Wordnet: 1. (3) celestial, heavenly - (of or relating to the sky; 'celestial map'; 'a heavenly body') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CelestialOrbit :wnsense "celestial orbit1n", "orbit1n" ; :wordnet "celestial orbit", "orbit" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CelestialOrbit'' is some ''Path-spatial'' that is a ''ClosedLoopObject''. It is a closed loop in outer space around any celestial body, of any size or location. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orbit' in WordNet: 1. (11) orbit, celestial orbit - (the (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another; 'he plotted the orbit of the moon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedLoopObject, :Path-Spatial . :Cell :guid "bd58ee63-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cell" ; :wnsense "cell2n" ; :wordnet "cell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: to add some detail to the representation of a biological cell, a restriction is used to require that the Cell have at least a CellMembrane and a Genome (a NuclearBody) Cyc: The collection of living cells; a specialization of #$BiologicalLivingObject. Each instance of #$Cell is one of the basic structural units of nearly all living things, consisting (at least) of cytoplasm bounded by a cell membrane. Only the living structures viruses, mitochondria, and plastids are not composed of cells. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cell' in WordNet: 2. (44) cell - ((biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalLivingObject, :FunctionalSystem, :MicroscopicScaleObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CellMembraneAndGenome ; owl:onProperty :containsObjects ] . :CellDivision :wnsense "cell division1n", "cellular division1n" ; :wordnet "cell division", "cellular division" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cell division' in WordNet: 1. cell division, cellular division - (the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalReproductionEvent, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gamete ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :CellMembrane :guid "bfbe8c21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cell membrane1n", "cytomembrane1n", "plasma membrane1n" ; :wordnet "cell membrane", "cytomembrane", "plasma membrane" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$LipidBilayers that enclose eukaryotic or prokaryotic #$Cells. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cell membrane' in WordNet: 1. cell membrane, cytomembrane, plasma membrane - (a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control passage of ions (like sodium or potassium or calcium) in and out of the cell; 'all cells have a cell membrane') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CellSurfacePart, :SemipermeableMembrane, :SurfacePart, :TissueMembrane . :CellMembraneAndGenome :en "cell membrane and genome" ; :enn "cell membrane and genome" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CellMembraneAndGenome' is an essential Group of Objects that must be present in a living Cell. Other object may also be required, but this Group is represented so as to provide a minimum structural description of a living Cell, which can be elaborated as needed..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NuclearBody, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NuclearBody ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CellMembrane ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Genome ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :CellNucleus :guid "bd58bce2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cell nucleus1n", "karyon1n", "nucleus1n" ; :wordnet "cell nucleus", "karyon", "nucleus" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The part of a #$EukaryoticCell that contains most of its genetic material. SUMO: The part of the Cell that contains DNA and RNA. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cell nucleus' in WordNet: 1. nucleus, cell nucleus, karyon - (a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NuclearBody, :Organelle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chromosome ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :CellPart :guid "c10c2471-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Cell ; a :OrganismPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is or was a part of some living cell. This includes things like the cell membrane, genome, ribosomes, etc. Cyc: The collection of structures which are typically found and formed as parts of #$Cells. This covers components of both #$EukaryoticCells and #$ProkaryoticCells. It includes organelles, vesicles, cell walls, extracellular matrix, plasma membranes, receptors, cellular humours, microtubules, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MicroscopicScaleObject, :OrganismPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cell ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cell ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :CellPart-Structural :en "cell part" ; :guid "bda90753-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$CellPart that are specifically concerned with helping a particular #$Cell maintain it's physical integrity and structure. Instances of #$CellPart-Structural are different from the cellular 'micro-organs' known as #$Organelles. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CellPart . :CellPhoneNumber a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CellPhoneNumber identifies a node (telephone) in some cellular telephone system. It is sometimes used as a surrogate Identifier for people, but this node does not necessarily have that sense.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TelephoneNumber . :CellSurfacePart :en "cell surface part" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CellSurfacePart'' is a ''CellPart'' that is normally located on the surface of a Cell. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CellPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cell ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :Cello :guid "bd5edbe3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cello1n", "violoncello1n" ; :wordnet "cello", "violoncello" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """medium-sized stringed instrument in the violin family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cello' in WordNet: 1. cello, violoncello - (a large stringed instrument; seated player holds it upright while playing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BowedStringInstrument, :MusicalInstrument-Acoustic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cellular :guid "6d619d58-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :pertainsTo :Cell ; :wnsense "cellular2n" ; :wordnet "cellular" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Redefined as an attribute value. Cyc: The collection of objects with a structure that divides into containing cells or compartments. This includes both multi-cellular organisms and non-living cellular objects like beehives. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cellular' in Wordnet: 2. cellular - (characterized by or divided into or containing cells or compartments (the smallest organizational or structural unit of an organism or organization); 'the cellular construction of a beehive'; 'any effective opposition to a totalitarian regime must be secretive and cellular') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :CellularTelephone :guid "bd58e3ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cell5n", "cellphone1n", "cellular phone1n", "cellular telephone1n", "mobile phone1n" ; :wordnet "cell", "cellphone", "cellular phone", "cellular telephone", "mobile phone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any mobile telephone that connects via radio signals. CYC: Cellular mobile telephone unit usually used in automobiles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cellphone' in WordNet: 1. cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, cell, mobile phone - (a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContactLocation, :ManufacturedGoods, :PersonalDevice, :Telephone, :WirelessCommunicationDevice . :Cellulose :guid "bd607756-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cellulose1n" ; :wordnet "cellulose" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a polysaccharide that is the main constituent of the cell walls of plants. SUMO: The main component of Plant Tissue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cellulose' in WordNet: 1. (6) cellulose - (a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :PlantProduct, :Polysaccharide . :CelsiusDegree :ldoce "degree" ; :wnsense "degree Celsius1n", "degree Centigrade1n", "degree4n" ; :wordnet "degree", "degree Celsius", "degree Centigrade" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TemperatureMeasure. The freezing point and the boiling point of water are, respectively, 0 CelsiusDegrees and 100 CelsiusDegrees. Corresponds to part of sense 3 of 'degree' and sense 1 of 'degree Celsius' in WordNet: 4. (7) degree - (a unit of temperature on a specified scale; 'the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature') 1. degree centigrade, degree Celsius, C - (a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemperatureMeasure . :Cement-Adhesive :ldoce "cement" ; :wnsense "cement3n" ; :wordnet "cement" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cement-Adhesive is an Adhesive substance that starts as a liquid, but dries into a hard solid that grips two solid objects together. It differs from some other adhesives, such as that on the back of a band-aid, in that not all adhesives need to dry in order to perform their gripping function, whereas Cement-Adhesive in COSMO only grips as intended after it has substantially hardened. NOTE that 'Cement-Structural' is not an Adhesive, as it is not necessarily employed for holding objects together, but more commonly as a structural support. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cement' in WordNet: 3. (1) cement - (something that hardens to act as adhesive material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adhesive . :Cement-Structural :ldoce "cement" ; :wnsense "cement2n" ; :wordnet "cement" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Cement-Structural' is a subclass of Mixture whose instances may contain various minerals or ores, prepared by heating and pulverizing, and used in binding Concrete or in laying brick or stone. RHW: 1, any of various calcined mixtures of clay and limestone, usually mixed with water and sand, gravel, etc., to form concrete, that are used as a building material. @ToDo1231 add 'Clay' and quickLime? Called 'Cement' in SUMO. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cement' in WordNet: 2. (2) cement - (a building material that is a powder made of a mixture of calcined limestone and clay; used with water and sand or gravel to make concrete and mortar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BondingMaterial, :BuildingMaterial, :InorganicMaterial, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clay ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuickLime ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Censor :wnsense "censor2v" ; :wordnet "censor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'censor' in WordNet: 2. censor - (a person who is authorized to read publications or correspondence or to watch theatrical performances and suppress in whole or in part anything considered obscene or politically unacceptable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Functionary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Censoring ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Censored :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Censoring ; :isTheOppositeOf :Uncensored ; :wnsense "censored1adj" ; :wordnet "censored" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'censored' in Wordnet: 1. censored - (suppressed or subject to censorship; 'the censored press in some countries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Censoring :eng "censoring" ; :wnsense "ban2v", "censor1v", "censoring2n", "censorship2n" ; :wordnet "ban", "censor", "censoring", "censorship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Censoring'' is an Action in which some part of an ''AbstractText'' is removed and possibly replaced; the ''AbstractText'' can be any kind of text, including the scripts for plays and movies. The motivation for this Action is the preference of some Authority to ban the publiction of some kinds of speech or ideas that it considers offensive. The reasons can be moral, ideological, or poltical. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'censoring' and includes verb sense 2 of 'censor' but is broader, including the bannng or changing of parts of a text or movie, in WordNet: 2. censoring, censorship - (deleting parts of publications or correspondence or theatrical performances) WN verb 'censor': 1. ban, censor - (forbid the public distribution of ( a movie or a newspaper)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeletingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractText ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Censor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Census :wnsense "census1n", "nose count1n", "nosecount1n" ; :wordnet "census", "nose count", "nosecount" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Surveying'' to determine the number of people (and perhaps some attributes of those people) in some region, usually 'taken' (performed) at specific time intervals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'census' in WordNet: 1. (1) census, nose count, nosecount - (a periodic count of the population) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Counting, :Surveying . :Cent-US :ldoce "cent", "penny" ; :wnsense "cent2n", "penny2n" ; :wordnet "cent", "penny" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A one-cent US Coin. Corresponds to a subtype (for US currency) of noun sense 2 of 'cent' in WordNet: 2. (2) penny, cent, centime - - (a coin worth one-hundredth of the value of the basic unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coin, :Penny, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneCentUS ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :Centennial :pertainsTo :CentennialDay ; :wnsense "centenary1adj", "centennial1adj" ; :wordnet "centenary", "centennial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Centennial'' is an AttributeValue pertaining to a ''CentennialDay'' and associated things such as celebrations occurring to mark that day (which do not necessarily occur on the exact day). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'centennial' in Wordnet: 1. centennial, centenary - (of or relating to or completing a period of 100 years; 'centennial celebration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CentennialDay :wnsense "centenary1n", "centennial1n" ; :wordnet "centenary", "centennial" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CentennialDay'' is the Day that occurs 10 years later than the original Day or Event that is being marked on the CentennialDay. `Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centennial' in WordNet: 1. (1) centennial, centenary - (the 100th anniversary (or the celebration of it)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnniversaryDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :isLaterThanReferenceByYears ] . :CenterField :ldoce "center" ; :wnsense "center2n" ; :wordnet "center" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CenterField' is a part of a BaseballField outside the area delimited by the four bases, and between RightField and LeftField. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'center' in WordNet: 2. (10) center field, centerfield, center - (the piece of ground in the outfield directly ahead of the catcher; 'he hit the ball to deep center') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticFieldPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Baseball ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballField ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :RightAndLeftFields ] . :CenterOfRotation :en "center of rotation" ; :enn "center of rotation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CenterOfRotation'' is a ''SpacePoint-Empirical'' that is located in a PhysicalObject that is undergoing ''Rotation'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpacePoint-Empirical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :CenterOfaGeographicalArea :en "center of a geographical area" ; :enn "center of a geographical area" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Heartland'' is the """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CenterPart, :GeographicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeographicalArea ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ] . :CenterPart :ldoce "center" ; :wnsense "center1n", "centre2n", "eye4n", "heart4n", "middle1n" ; :wordnet "center", "centre", "eye", "heart", "middle" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The CenterPart of something is a Role that a certain Part plays relative to the remainder of the whole of which it is a Part; to be a CenterPart (of an Object, Region, or Event, a TimeInterval, a Narrative) means that there are other parts that are contiguous to the CenterPart and there are at least two ends of that thing that are separated from the CenterPart by other parts of the thing. This can be used for abstract objects as well as physical objects. For the more specific kinds of CenterPart: For the center of a PhysicalObject use: 'MiddleOfAnObject'; for the CenterPart of a Region use: 'MiddleOfaRegion'; for the middle of an Event use: 'MiddleOfAnEvent'. In linguistic usage of 'center', it will usually be possible to distinguish which kind of 'center' is being referenced, and that center should be represented by the more specific type. This type is provided for those cases where some vague notion of 'center' is used and such disambiguation may not be possible. The closest WordNet sense is sense 1 of 'center', but this COSMO type may be broader than the intended meaning of that WordNet synset, which seems to focus on the center of a region: in WordNet: 1. (56) center, centre, middle, heart, eye - (an area that is approximately central within some larger region; 'it is in the center of town'; 'they ran forward into the heart of the struggle'; 'they were in the eye of the storm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part . :Centerboard :wnsense "centerboard1n", "drop keel1n" ; :wordnet "centerboard", "drop keel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Centerboard'' is a retractable ''FinKeel'' used on a sailboat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centerboard' in Wordnet: 1. centerboard, centreboard, drop keel, sliding keel - (a retractable fin keel used on sailboats to prevent drifting to leeward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinKeel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sailboat ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Centerpiece :wnsense "centerpiece2n", "centrepiece2n" ; :wordnet "centerpiece", "centrepiece" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Centerpiece'' is a PhysicalObject, commonly used for a FloralArrangement placed at the center of a table, especially during dining. The more metaphorical sense of the word is represented by ''Centrepiece''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'centerpiece' in WordNet: 2. centerpiece, centrepiece - (something placed at the center of something else (as on a table)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ornament . :Centimeter :ldoce "centimeter" ; :wnsense "centimeter1n" ; :wordnet "centimeter" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One centimeter - a Submultiple of Meter. Each instance is some distance of one centimeter. Symbol: cm. It is the 100th part of a Meter. For the UnitOfMeasure instance,use 'centimeters'. @ToDo: relation??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centimeter' in WordNet: 1. (7) centimeter, centimetre, cm - (a metric unit of length equal to one hundredth of a meter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :Centipede :wnsense "centipede1n" ; :wordnet "centipede" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Centipede'' is an ''Arthropod'' with the distinctive characteristic of having multiple legs, more than 20, up to over a hundred. Somewhat resembling a millipede. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centipede' in WordNet: 1. centipede - (chiefly nocturnal predacious arthropod having a flattened body of 15 to 173 segments each with a pair of legs the foremost being modified into poison fangs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arthropod, :VenomousAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leg ; owl:minCardinality "20" ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Central :ldoce "central" ; :pertainsTo :CenterPart ; :wnsense "central2adj", "central3adj" ; :wordnet "central" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Central' is an AttributeValue of a part of something (Object, Event, TimeInterval, Narrative). that has other parts separating the CenterPart from its ends or edges. Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'central' in WordNet: 2. (7) central - (in or near a center or constituting a center; the inner area; 'a central position'; 'central heating and air conditioning') 3. (4) central - (used in the description of a place that in the middle of another place; 'the people of Central and Northern Europe'; 'country in central Africa') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CentralAfricanRepublic a :Country . :CentralAsia a :GeographicalRegion . :CentralBank :wnsense "central bank1n" ; :wordnet "central bank" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'central bank' in WordNet: 1. central bank - (a government monetary authority that issues currency and regulates the supply of credit and holds the reserves of other banks and sells new issues of securities for the government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialOrganization, :GovernmentAgency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IssuingMoney ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :CentralParkNYC :isControlledBy :NewYorkCityNY_USA ; :isLocatedAt :NewYorkCityNY_USA ; :isOwnedBy :NewYorkCityNY_USA ; a :CityPark . :CentralProcessingUnit :guid "bd59007a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "C.P.U.1n", "CPU1n", "central processing unit1n" ; :wordnet "C.P.U.", "CPU", "central processing unit" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ComputerHardwareComponent. All and only instances of #$CentralProcessingUnit are the parts of computers that perform the actual interpretation of instructions and processing of data. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'central processing unit' in WordNet: 1. central processing unit, CPU, C.P.U., central processor, processor, mainframe - ((computer science) the part of a computer (a microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing; 'the CPU and the memory form the central part of a computer to which the peripherals are attached') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareComponent, :Device, :Processor . :Centralized :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Centralizing ; :wnsense "centralised1adj", "centralized1adj" ; :wordnet "centralised", "centralized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Centralized'' includes Activities that have been changed or organied to be controlled from a single central location, or for physical systems that have been orgnized so as to have some critical function located at one point in the system. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'centralized' in Wordnet: 1. (2) centralized, centralised - (drawn toward a center or brought under the control of a central authority; \"centralized control of emergency relief efforts\"; \"centralized government\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modified . :Centralizing :wnsense "centralise1v", "centralize1v", "concentrate3v" ; :wordnet "centralise", "centralize", "concentrate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Centralizing'' is the Action of causing some function or functioning system to be controlled from a single 'central' location. This can be an ''Altering'' of an existing system, or installing a system (e.g. heating or cooling) where it had not previously existed, as during a contruction process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centralize' in WordNet: 1. (2) centralize, centralise, concentrate - (make central; 'The Russian government centralized the distribution of food') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:System :SystemType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Centralized ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Centrepiece :wnsense "centerpiece1n", "centrepiece1n" ; :wordnet "centerpiece", "centrepiece" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centrepiece' in WordNet: 1. centerpiece, centrepiece - (the central or most important feature; 'education was the centerpiece of the Democratic Party's political platform') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemSituation ] . :CentrifugalForce :wnsense "centrifugal force1n" ; :wordnet "centrifugal force" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CentrifugalForce'' is a ''RepulsiveForce'' in that it causes Objects that are rotating around some axis and therefre subject to a ''CentrifugalForce'' to move *away* from the center of rotation. This is thefore generated by any kind of rotation about an axis, such as in a ''Centrifuge'' or by sattellites around the Earth or by planets around some star. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centrifugal force' in WordNet: 1. centrifugal force - (the outward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepulsiveForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingApart ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Centrifuge :wnsense "centrifuge1n", "extractor2n", "separator1n" ; :wordnet "centrifuge", "extractor", "separator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Centrifuge'' is a Device that has cups to hold liquid or to hold bottles with liquid, which are rotated at a high speed around an axis to create a centrifugal force that can cause suspended articles (or in the case of ultracentrifuges, even large molecules) to fall to the bottom of the container, thus separating the particles from the suspending liquid. Centrifuges come in different sizes and use different speeds to separate out particles of different sizes from the suspending liquid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centrifuge' in WordNet: 1. (2) centrifuge, extractor, separator - (an apparatus that uses centrifugal force to separate particles from a suspension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Apparatus, :Instrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidSuspension ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Centrifuging ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredInstrumentForAction ] . :Centrifuging a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Centrifuging'' is a separation event using a ''Centrifuge'', which has cups to hold a ''LiquidSuspension'' that are rotated at high speed around a spindle to create a centrifugal force that forces the suspended particles to the bottom of the cup, allowing the particle-free liquid to be separated from the particles Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'sieve' in WordNet: 3. sift, sieve, strain - (separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements; 'sift the flour') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Centrifuge ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidSuspension ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :CentrospermaeOrder :guid "bd58e2aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :Century :wnsense "century1n" ; :wordnet "century" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Centuries, which are not measures of a quantity of time, but locations on the universal time line. Thus the 1900's would be one instance. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'century' in WordNet: 1. (104) century - (a period of 100 years) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneCentury ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ] . :Cephalopod :guid "bd9a2872-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cephalopod1n" ; :wordnet "cephalopod" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cephalopod' in WordNet: 1. cephalopod, cephalopod mollusk - (marine mollusk characterized by well-developed head and eyes and sucker-bearing tentacles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarineOrganism, :Mollusk . :Ceramic :en "ceramic" ; :guid "bd5886ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance which is basically fired clay such as porcelain. NOTE that this is aligned with Cyc 'Ceramic', but in Cyc that is an Object and in COSMO it is a Substance. For a Ceramic object, use 'CeramicArtifact'. Corresponds partly to noun sense 1 of 'ceramic' in WordNet; this is a Substance in COSMO, not an Object. For the object made of Ceramic use 'CeramicObject': in WordNet: 1. ceramic - (an artifact made of hard brittle material produced from nonmetallic minerals by firing at high temperatures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance . :CeramicArtifact :guid "bd58a217-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ceramic ware1n", "ceramic1n" ; :wordnet "ceramic", "ceramic ware" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PartiallyTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$CeramicArtifact is a particular object -- such as a vessel, dish or #$Sculpture - that is made from #$Ceramic (q.v.). It might also be an instance of #$ArtObject (q.v). In WN 'ceramic' seems to be an object rather than substance. We use the object sense (multiple ceramic objects are 'ceramics'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ceramic' and sense 1 of 'ceramic ware' in WordNet: 1. ceramic - (an artifact made of hard brittle material produced from nonmetallic minerals by firing at high temperatures) WN noun 'ceramic ware': 1. ceramic ware - (utensils made from ceramic material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrittleObject, :CeramicObject, :DurableGood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ceramic ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :CeramicGlaze :wnsense "glaze3n" ; :wordnet "glaze" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CeramicGlaze'' is a ''CoatingMaterial'' that is applied to a ceramic object in liquid or semiliquid form and baked to harden it. It forms a thin hard shiny surface, usually of some color. Different ''CeramicGlaze''s of different colors may be applied to one ''CeramicArtifact'' to make a surface pattern that remains after the piece is'fired' in an oven. Corresponds to part (for ceramics) of noun sense 3 of 'glaze' in WordNet: 3. glaze - (coating for fabrics, ceramics, metal, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoatingMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CeramicArtifact ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :CeramicObject :ennp "ceramics" ; :wnsense "ceramic1n" ; :wordnet "ceramic" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CeramicObject' is a 'SolidTangibleArtifact' consisting mostly of FiredClay, which may have a glaze or enamel coating or small pieces of other materials attached for function or ornamentation. NOTE that this excludes the more modern 'ceramics' that are made of starting materials other than clay. @ToDo: when needed, a supertype with a 'non-clay ceramic' can be added. NOTE: it may be useful to distinguish Potter's Clay from others, as those used for brick - not yet (rev953) done: @ToDo. Are ceramic figurines made of potter's clay? What fraction of a piece of cloisonne is clay (some is enamel on metal, some on porcelain)? Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'ceramic' in WordNet: 1. ceramic - (an artifact made of hard brittle material produced from nonmetallic minerals by firing at high temperatures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FiredClay ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baking-Hardening ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :CerealFood :guid "bd58ccbd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cereal1n", "grain2n" ; :wordnet "cereal", "grain" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$EdibleStuff and an instance of #$FoodGroup. Each instance of #$CerealFood is food that consists of a significant amount of grain products, such as breads and cereals. Note that #$CerealFood is not a specialization of #$VegetableMatter because some breads contain non-plant constituents such as salt. NOTE: this includes the raw granular materials derived from a ''CerealPlant'' (see ''SeedGrain'') as well as the foodstuffs prepared from those raw materials. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cereal' in WordNet: 2. grain, food grain, cereal - (foodstuff prepared from the starchy grains of cereal grasses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakfastFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CerealPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :CerealPlant :en "grass family" ; :enn "grass family" ; :guid "bd589beb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$CropPlant and #$GrassFamily. Each sub-collection of #$CerealPlant is a type of grain-bearing plant.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :GrassFamily . :Cerebellum :guid "be5d5e8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cerebellum1n" ; :wordnet "cerebellum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cerebellum' in WordNet: 1. (1) cerebellum - (a major division of the vertebrate brain; situated above the medulla oblongata and beneath the cerebrum in humans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :NeuralStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Cerebral :pertainsTo :Brain, :Cerebrum ; :wnsense "cerebral2adj" ; :wordnet "cerebral" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cerebral'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''Brain'' generally or to the ''Cerebrum'' in particular. The 'cerebral' meaning 'intellectual' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'cerebral' in WordNet: 2. (1) cerebral - (of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; 'cerebral hemisphere'; 'cerebral activity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Cerebral-Intellectual :isAnAttributeValueOf :Intellect, :IntellectualPerson, :Reasoning ; :wnsense "cerebral1adj", "intellectual4adj" ; :wordnet "cerebral", "intellectual" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cerebral-Intellectual'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes a Person who uses reasoning where appropriate and useful, rather than allowing intuition and emotions to dominate the thinking process. The 'cerebral' pertaining to the ''Cerebrum'' is ''Cerebral''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cerebral' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cerebral, intellectual - (involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; 'a cerebral approach to the problem'; 'cerebral drama') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Cerebrum :guid "bdc47366-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cerebrum1n" ; :wordnet "cerebrum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cerebrum' in WordNet: 1. cerebrum - (anterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres; dominant part of the brain in humans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :NeuralStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Ceremonial :pertainsTo :Ceremony, :FormalCeremony ; :wnsense "ceremonial1adj" ; :wordnet "ceremonial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ceremonial'' as a term is used mostly to refer to actons or Objects associated with a ''FormalCeremony'', but this typ includes things associated with even less formal ''Ceremony''s that are represeted by ''Ceremony''. . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ceremonial' in Wordnet: 1. ceremonial - (marked by pomp or ceremony or formality; 'a ceremonial occasion'; 'ceremonial garb') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Ceremony :guid "bd58eafc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ceremony" ; :wnsense "ceremony2n", "ceremony3n" ; :wordnet "ceremony" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An activity which has certain recognizable portions, prescribed by rituals or conventions. A ceremony may have one or more rituals performed as #$subEvents. NOTE: this kind of 'Ceremony'' is broad, including small private affairs such as cutting a birthday cake. The more formal ''Ceremony'' with rituals that can be very elaborate is represented by the subtype ''FormalCeremony''. Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'ceremony' in WordNet: 2. (4) ceremony - (any activity that is performed in an especially solemn elaborate or formal way; 'the ceremony of smelling the cork and tasting the wine'; 'he makes a ceremony of addressing his golf ball'; 'he disposed of it without ceremony') 3. (2) ceremony - (the proper or conventional behavior on some solemn occasion; 'an inaugural ceremony') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialRitual . :CeremonyType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CeremonyType'' is a metatype whose instances are types of ''Action'' performed by some social group, often (as in religious rites) repesenting a long tradition of performing such Actions as part of a distinctive culture. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :Cerium :guid "bd58bd12-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "58"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ce1n", "cerium1n" ; :wordnet "Ce", "cerium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of cerium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Cerium or CeriumStuff Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cerium' in WordNet: 1. cerium, Ce, atomic number 58 - (a ductile grey metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RareEarthElement, :SolidSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Certain :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :LinguisticAssertion ; :isTheOppositeOf :Impossible ; :ldoce "certain", "sure" ; :wnsense "certain3adj", "definite2adj", "positive11adj", "positive6adj", "sure9adj" ; :wordnet "certain", "definite", "positive", "sure" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Certain is the highest level of credibility, that leaves no reasonable possibility that an assertion may be false. However, unless one is dealing with logical truths, there will always be some residual uncertainty, though it may be too small to warrant any consideration. For the sense meaning that an event is 'certain' to occur in the future, use 'SureToOccur'. This type can also be classified as a subtye of ''Possibility'' This is primarily used as a characterization of assertions, but it can also be used to characterize a person's degree of assurance (feeling of certainty) that an assertion is correct. These distinctions can be dissected and distinguished when required. As of Rev1295 they are included together here. Includes adjective sense 9 of 'sure' and sense 3 of 'certain' and adj senses 6 and 11 of 'positive' and adj sense 2 of 'definite' in WordNet: 9. indisputable, sure - (impossible to doubt or dispute; 'indisputable (or sure) proof') WN adjective 'certain': 3. (10) certain - (established beyond doubt or question; definitely known; 'what is certain is that every effect must have a cause'; 'it is certain that they were on the bus'; 'his fate is certain'; 'the date for the invasion is certain') WN adj 'positive': 6. (1) incontrovertible, irrefutable, positive - (impossible to deny or disprove; 'incontrovertible proof of the defendant's innocence'; 'proof positive; 'an irrefutable argument') 11. convinced, positive, confident - (persuaded of; very sure; ' were convinced that it would be to their advantage to join'; 'I am positive he is lying'; 'was confident he would win') WN ad 'definite': 2. definite - (known for certain; 'it is definite that they have won') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighlyCredible, :Probable . :Certainty :isAnAttributeValueOf :FutureSituation ; :isTheOppositeOf :Impossible ; :wnsense "certainty2n" ; :wordnet "certainty" ; a :MeasureType, :ProbabilityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Certainty'' is a ''Possibility'' of some ''FutureSituation'' that is greater than 99% . This is not exactly the opposite of ''impossible'' because the definite occurrence of future situations cannot be predicted with total certainty, although the absence of any possibility can be predicted for things that are physically or logically impossible. Approximately the same as ''Certain'', though linguistic usage will be different: 'it's a certainly that .. ' is the same as 'it's certain that ...'. This is made a subtype of ''Certain'' for that reason, though this type refers to situations and ''Certain'' refers to Assertions. In WN 'certaintly' 2 is an attribute, though it seems to refer to the situation - for the situation that is certain use WN 'certainty' sense 1. 1. (4) certainty - (the state of being certain; 'his certainty reassured the others') Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'certainty' in WordNet: 2. (2) certainty, sure thing, foregone conclusion - (something that is certain; 'his victory is a certainty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possibility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.99"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1.00"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :Certificate :guid "c087fcd4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "certificate1n", "certification2n", "certification3n" ; :wordnet "certificate", "certification" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Certificate (in Cyc Certificate-IBT) is a physical object, which may be on paper (or plastic, as in plastic drivers licenses or credit cards), or in the form of eletrical charges (energy is mass is a physical object in COSMO), or, in rare cases, in the mind (brain) of someone who heard an authority issue a verbal certification. A Certificate is evidence of some Certification. The Certification be relatively trivial, as in the Certification accompanying a subway token (that the bearer is entitled to a ride). This is primarily used for an ''OfficialDocument'' that is produced by a 'CertifyingaQuality'' Action of some Authority which certifies (states officially) that something (usually a Product) meets some criterion of quality and can be used or sold or promoted as having that quality. This is a broad sense. The paper document can serve as evidence of having passed that test. This is broad and includes non-paper 'certifcations' as subtypes. A Certificate can in a borderline case be the brain memory of a verbal certification, but if it is only verbal with no other physical evidence, it may disappear when the sound waves or their impressions in the minds of listeners disapper - in which case it would have to be reissued. Cyc: The collection of actual hardcopy (#$CertificateDocument) or electronic (#$DigitalCertificate) instances of a certificate. Examples include instances of #$Passport and #$BirthCertificate. Includes noun sense 1 of 'certification' and noun sense 1 of 'certificate'in WordNet: 2. (1) documentation, certification, corroboration - (confirmation that some fact or statement is true) WN noun 'certificate': 1. (3) certificate, certification, credential, credentials - (a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentaryEvidence, :InformationBearingObject, :OfficialDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CertifyingaQuality ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Certificate-Abstract a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Certificate-Abstract is an abstract document (a mental object) that is represented by a physical 'Certificate'. For the meaning 'Certificate', see that entry.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficialDocument-Abstract . :Certificate-IBT :isaSynonymOf :Certificate ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "This is the original Cyc (0.78) name for 'Certificate'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :CertificateDocument :guid "c0fd60d4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "certificate1n" ; :wordnet "certificate" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: A certificate does not have to be paper (e.g. plastic driver's licenses), so the Cyc parent of 'Paper-IBO' was removed. But this category still excludes the electronic digital versions of a Certificate - a CertificateDocument must be a hardcopy readable by people because it is written in the characters or symbols of a normal human language. A ''Certificate'' may but does not have to have an expiration date - a ''Diploma'' is true indefinitely, while a driver's license does have an expiration date. ToDo: different subtypes?. Cyc: The actual piece of paper on which a certificate is printed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'certificate' in WordNet: 1. (3) certificate, certification, credential, credentials - (a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Certificate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDateOfIssuance ; owl:someValuesFrom :DateTime ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasExpirationDate ; owl:someValuesFrom :DateTime ] . :CertificateOfDeposit :guid "c0940238-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "CD3n", "certificate of deposit1n" ; :wordnet "CD", "certificate of deposit" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of receipts for bank (or other financial institution) deposits in certificate form. #$CertificateOfDeposits bear interest and are payable either on a specific date or after the passage of a specific amount of time. NOTE that his CD is a hardcopy physical document, not an abstract document or an electronic record. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'certificate of deposit' in WordNet: 1. certificate of deposit, CD - (a debt instrument issued by a bank; usually pays interest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialDocument, :OfficialDocument . :Certification :wnsense "certification2n", "certification3n" ; :wordnet "certification" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Certification is a LinguisticAssertion (the symbolic representation of an abstract proposition) made by some authority testifying to the existence of some situation - e.g. the competence of an individual to perform a task, or the suitability of a structure for occupation. Such Assertions are typically accompanied by the issuance of a physical Certificate (in some form, even electronic or verbal) as evidence of the Assertion. In COSMO the issuance of a Certificate is a requirement for an assertion to qualify as a Certification, but the issuer can be anyone presumed to have knowledge of the issue. For ''Certification''' by more formal established authorities, use ''Credential''. A Certification may initially be verbal, but if it is only verbal with no other physical evidence, it may disappear when the sound waves or their impressions in the minds of listeners disapper - in which case it would have to be reissued. The term 'credential' is sometimes used loosely to mean that a person is competent to do something, but is usually used to mean that a Person has some Testimony from an authority as to comptence or performance. This type represent the latter, requiring an Authority's assertion. Includes noun senses 2, and 3 of 'certification' (for a 'credential' see ''Credential'') in WordNet: 2. (1) documentation, certification, corroboration - (confirmation that some fact or statement is true) 3. certificate, certification, credential, credentials - (a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, :Testimony, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authority ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Certificate ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :Certified :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CertifyingaQuality ; :wnsense "certified1adj" ; :wordnet "certified" ; a :AppearanceType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Certified'' is the attribute of something that has passed a ''CertifyingaQuality'' procedure. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'certified' in Wordnet: 1. (3) certified - (endorsed authoritatively as having met certain requirements; 'a certified public accountant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :CertifyingaQuality :wnsense "certify4v", "endorse3v", "indorse3v" ; :wordnet "certify", "endorse", "indorse" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CertifyingaQuality'' is a form of ''GuaranteeingSomething'' performed by an ''Authority'' that attests that the thing certified meets some standard criterion. Very broad,for certifing any kind of criterion. Common examples are government guarantee of food or drug safety. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'certify' in WordNet: 4. certify, endorse, indorse - (guarantee as meeting a certain standard; 'certified grade AAA meat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attesting, :GuaranteeingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authority ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Certified ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Certificate ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :CeruleanColor :guid "39e4beac-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "azure1adj", "bright blue1adj", "cerulean1adj", "sky-blue1adj" ; :wordnet "azure", "bright blue", "cerulean", "sky-blue" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sky blue', a deep blue; azure. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cerulean' in Wordnet: 1. azure, cerulean, sky-blue, bright blue - (of a deep somewhat purplish blue color similar to that of a clear October sky; 'October's bright blue weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blue . :Cervix :guid "bd58a910-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cervix uteri1n", "cervix2n", "uterine cervix1n" ; :wordnet "cervix", "cervix uteri", "uterine cervix" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all cervixes. An individual #$Cervix is a narrow opening from the #$Vagina into the #$Uterus of a female #$Mammal. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cervix' in WordNet: 2. cervix, uterine cervix, cervix uteri - (necklike opening to the uterus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart-Female, :CavityWithWalls, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :Portal . :Cesium :guid "bd58c172-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "55"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Cs1n", "caesium1n", "cesium1n" ; :wordnet "Cs", "caesium", "cesium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of cesium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cesium' in WordNet: 1. cesium, caesium, Cs, atomic number 55 - (a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlkaliMetal, :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Cetacean :guid "bd588c9f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cetacean1n" ; :wordnet "cetacean" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cetacean' in WordNet: 1. cetacean, cetacean mammal, blower - (large aquatic carnivorous mammal with fin-like forelimbs no hind limbs, including: whales; dolphins; porpoises; narwhals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeaMammal . :ChaChaing :wnsense "cha-cha-cha1n", "cha-cha1n", "cha-cha1v" ; :wordnet "cha-cha", "cha-cha-cha" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cha-cha' in WordNet: 1. cha-cha - (dance the cha-cha) WN noun 'cha-cha': 1. (1) cha-cha, cha-cha-cha - (a modern ballroom dance from Latin America; small steps and swaying movements of the hips) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallroomDancing . :Chad :wnsense "Chad2n" ; :wordnet "Chad" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'Chad' in WordNet: 3. Chad, Republic of Chad, Tchad -- (a landlocked desert republic in north-central Africa; was under French control until 1960) """ . :Chador :wnsense "chadar1n", "chaddar1n", "chador1n", "chuddar1n" ; :wordnet "chadar", "chaddar", "chador", "chuddar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chador' in WordNet: 1. chador, chadar, chaddar, chuddar - (a cloth used as a head covering (and veil and shawl) by Muslim and Hindu women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garment, :HeadWear, :Headscarf, :ReligiousClothing, :WomensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimWoman ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Chagrin :wnsense "chagrin1n" ; :wordnet "chagrin" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of FeelingType that is psychologically uncomfortable, due to any of various causes, but is mild compared to ''Embarrassent'' or ''Mortification''. NOTE: the only sense of 'chagrin' in WN includes 'humiliation', which is a stronger feeling than this sense. This sense is closer to the RHW 'chagrin' sense 1 (in which humiliation is not a necessary component): RHW: 1. a feeling of vexation, marked by disappointment or humiliation. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'chagrin' (not including humiliation or mortification) in WordNet: 1. (2) chagrin, humiliation, mortification - (strong feelings of embarrassment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :Chain :guid "bd58cd7d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "chain" ; :wnsense "chain3n" ; :wordnet "chain" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a chain is not necessarily metallic, though it usually is. So the Cyc references to metal need to be eliminated. A subtype that is metallic can be defined when needed. This general type includes plastic and even paper chains. Cyc: A type of cord consisting of metal links. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chain' in WordNet: 3. (2) chain - (a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChainOfThings, :CordlikeObject, :DurableGood, :NonPoweredDevice . :ChainClip a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChainClip'' is any of various types of ''Fastener''s used at the end of a ''ClosableChain'' to allow opening the chain (to make it cordlike) or closing the chain (to make a loop). It is usually itself a loop, but may be configured to approximate the shape of a loop. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedLoopObject, :Fastener, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClosableChain ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClosableChain ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :ChainLink :en "chain link" ; :wnsense "link2n" ; :wordnet "link" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChainLink'' is a ''Link'' that forms part of a ''Chain'', and is connected to at least one other ''ChainLink'' in the *same* chain, and except for the end links is connected to *two* other ''ChainLink''s in that ''Chain''. NOTE that to satisfy the restrictions, a ''ChainLink'' must be part of a ''Chain'', and when by itself is merely a 'ClosedLoopObject'. . It is a hard toroidal object that may be circular or oval A ''Chain'' may be composed of at least three links, with no upper limit. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'link' in WordNet: 2. (5) link, linkup, tie, tie-in - (a fastener that serves to join or connect; 'the walls are held together with metal links placed in the wet mortar during construction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedLoopObject, :Link, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chain ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToLoopLike ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChainLink ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toroidal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ChainOfCommand a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ChainOfCommand' is a 'ChainOfThings' (a Series) of People or of 'EmploymentPosition's. Each individual other than the top in a 'ChainOfCommand' has a superior post,and each one except the bottom has some subordinate. This Series is only for the links from one person to the top, and assumes that there is only one supervisor for each post in the chain. An organization's hierarchy may have many such ChainOfCommand's, one for each person in the organization other than the top one. @ToDo: consider whther a Group can be one of the links in this kind of chain? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChainOfThings . :ChainOfThings :ldoce "chain" ; :wnsense "chain1n" ; :wordnet "chain" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ChainOfThings' is a Series (a LinearlyOrderedGroup) of things which may be abstract or physical; these can be Objects, Events, Numbers,of any type. A 'ChainOfThings' may be cyclic, as in a physical 'Chain' that is linked in a circle. The distinction from the parent 'Series' is that a 'ChainOfThings' has some kind of dependency or relation between adjacent elements, and is not merely a list. This distinction has not yet (r949) been formalized: @ToDo - think about it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chain' in WordNet: 1. (14) chain, concatenation - (a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; 'the chain of command'; 'a complicated concatenation of circumstances') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Series . :ChainOrganization :guid "bd58e960-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chain4n" ; :wordnet "chain" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$LargeIncorporatedBusiness. Each instance of #$ChainOrganization is a parent business which comes into contact with its customers or clients primarily through its geographically dispersed sub-organizations, which typically are (mostly) homogeneous in product line, style of physical quarters, and local organizational structure. Examples include the parent organizations of McDonald's and Starbucks. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chain' in WordNet: 4. (1) chain - (a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialOrganization . :ChainSaw :guid "bd589e00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chain saw1n", "chainsaw1n" ; :wordnet "chain saw", "chainsaw" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Gasoline- or electrically- powered device for cutting trees Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chain saw' in WordNet: 1. chain saw, chainsaw - (portable power saw; teeth linked to form an endless chain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :PowerSaw . :Chains :wnsense "chains1n", "irons1n" ; :wordnet "chains", "irons" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Chains'' is a ''ShackleBond'' having a metal ''Chain'' connecting two closeable handcuff-like metal clamps at each end, used to restrain movement of either the feet or hands. The chains here are typically longer than those on ''Handcuff''s. This term is usually used for the chains restraining legs, or those restraining both hands and legs linked together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chains' in WordNet: 1. irons, chains - (metal shackles; for hands or legs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShackleBond . :Chair :guid "bd58e8fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "chair" ; :wnsense "chair1n" ; :wordnet "chair" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc name: 'Chair-PieceOfFurniture' Use 'Chairperson' for the leader of a meeting. Note Chair is a hexalateral object: the back of a chair should have a back support. NOTE: as a 'PortableObject' a 'Chair' must not be fastened down nor be so large that it cannot be moved by an average person. This excludes seats in auditoriums, massive thrones, and some other things that serve in a similar function as a one-person seating object. In COSMO usage, a ''Chair'' must have a ''BackRest''. Otherwise it is a ''Stool''. (Some things called 'stools' have a back rest, but for COSMO usage those would also be chairs'. They may be classified as high chairs, (instances of this concept) whether or not they are called 'stools'. Cyc: A piece of furniture that is used primarily for seating, and can hold one person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chair' in WordNet: 1. (35) chair - (a seat for one person, with a support for the back; 'he put his coat over the back of the chair and sat down') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HexalateralObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :Person-SupportingFurniture, :PortableObject, :SeatingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BackRest ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :ChairLeg :en "chair leg" ; :wnsense "leg3n" ; :wordnet "leg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FurnitureLeg'' that is a part of a ''Chair''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leg' in Wordnet: 3. (2) leg - (one of the supports for a piece of furniture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurnitureLeg, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chair ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chair ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ChairPerson :guid "bd67db5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "chairperson" ; :wnsense "chair3n", "chairman1n", "chairperson1n", "chairwoman1n", "presiding officer1n" ; :wordnet "chair", "chairman", "chairperson", "chairwoman", "presiding officer" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ChairPerson' is the person who is serving as, or served as, the chair (chairman or chairwoman) of some group, often a committee. A 'ChairPerson' presides over a ''FormalMeeting'' of a group, whether temporarily (for one meeting) or for some term including multiple meetings. COSMO note: in WN 'president' and 'chairman' are synonyms in this sense, but the''President''has a different meaning as an Executive Oficer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chairman' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chairperson' and sense 3 of 'chair' and sense 1 of 'presiding officer' in WordNet: 1. (3) president, chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson - (the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization; 'address your remarks to the chairperson') WN noun 'presiding officer' 1. presiding officer - (the leader of a group meeting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leader, :OfficerInOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FormalMeeting ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :Chalcedony :guid "c0128b3e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasColor :Grayish ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :SiliconDioxide ; :wnsense "calcedony1n", "chalcedony1n" ; :wordnet "calcedony", "chalcedony" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: a microcrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, often milky or grayish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chalcedony' in WordNet: 1. chalcedony, calcedony - (a milky or greyish translucent to transparent quartz) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quartz . :Chalcopyrite :guid "c13daca4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasColor :YellowColor ; :hasComponentSubstance :Copper, :Sulfur ; :isaSourceOf :Copper ; :wnsense "chalcopyrite1n", "copper pyrites1n" ; :wordnet "chalcopyrite", "copper pyrites" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chalcopyrite' in WordNet: 1. chalcopyrite, copper pyrites - (a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper and iron sulfide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :Ore . :Chalk :ldoce "chalk" ; :wnsense "chalk1" ; :wordnet "chalk" ; a :StoneType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A whitish mineral Substance that is the residue of ancient sea critters. Random House Webster sense 1: 1. a soft, white, powdery limestone consisting chiefly of fossil shells of foraminifers. Sense 1 in Wordnet: 1. chalk - (a soft whitish calcite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandStuff, :Limestone . :Chalk-WritingImplement :guid "bd5ae19e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "chalk" ; :wnsense "chalk4n" ; :wordnet "chalk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of pieces of calcite material in the shape of a cylinder, used to write on blackboards. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'chalk' in WordNet: 4. chalk - (a piece of calcite or a similar substance, usually in the shape of a crayon, that is used to write or draw on blackboards or other flat surfaces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandWritingImplement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chalk ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Challenge :wnsense "challenge2n" ; :wordnet "challenge" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Assertion conveying a willingness to engage in a competition, or conveying an opinion that a person will not perform a risky activity. The latter is the subtype 'Dare'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'challenge' in WordNet: 2. (3) challenge - (a call to engage in a contest or fight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RiskyAction :ConflictEvent :ActionType ) ] ] . :Challenging :en "challenging", "issue a challenge" ; :guid "be81a5a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "challenge2n" ; :wordnet "challenge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes challenges by non-human animals to other animals. Cyc: This is the collection of actions in which one agent (the #$challenger) issues a challenge to another agent (the #$challengee) to do something (the #$challengesToDo). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'challenge' in WordNet: 2. (7) challenge - (issue a challenge to; 'Fischer challenged Spassky to a match') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationAct-Single, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Challenge ] . :ChallengingaCourtDecision :wnsense "challenge4v" ; :wordnet "challenge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''ChallengingaDecision'' can be used to refer to decisions of umpires or judges at games as well as in a court of law. The latter is the subtype. . Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'challenge' in WordNet: 4. (1) challenge, take exception - (raise a formal objection in a court of law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChallengingaDecision, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourtCase ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Courtroom ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :ChallengingaDecision :wnsense "challenge4v" ; :wordnet "challenge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''ChallengingaDecision'' can be used to refer to decisions of umpires or judges at games as well as in a court of law. The latter is the subtype ''ChallengingaCourtDecision''. Includes verb sense 4 of 'challenge' as a subtype, but is broader in inclding any form of challenge to a decision of an official. in WordNet: 4. (1) challenge, take exception - (raise a formal objection in a court of law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Objecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Objection ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :ChallengingaPerson :wnsense "challenge2v" ; :wordnet "challenge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A communication conveying a challenge from one Person to another Person. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'challenge' in WordNet: 2. (7) challenge - (issue a challenge to; 'Fischer challenged Spassky to a match') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Challenging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Chamber :wnsense "chamber1n", "chamber2n" ; :wordnet "chamber" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chamber'' is any ''PhysicalObject'' that completely or almost completely surrouded by SolidObjects, forming a interior space that is a cavity. This can be natural or artificial and is very general. It differs from the more general ''CavityWithWalls'' in that the cavity and walls together have a distinct identity, and some special properties or functionality (artifactual or biological) , and is part of a larger object. A cavity dug artificially inside a rock formation for some purpose would be an instance, but a natural cavty in stone would not be. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'chamber' in WordNet: 1. (7) chamber - (a natural or artificial enclosed space) 2. (1) chamber - (an enclosed volume in the body; 'the chambers of his heart were healthy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :supportsFunctioningOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :Chameleon :guid "bd58f12c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chamaeleon2n", "chameleon3n" ; :wordnet "chamaeleon", "chameleon" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Small to medium-sized lizard, with laterally flattened bodies ornamented with crests, horns, or spines, and bulging, independently rotating eyes. Their skin changes color in response to stimuli such as light, temperature, and emotion. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chameleon' in WordNet: 3. chameleon, chamaeleon - (lizard of Africa and Madagascar able to change skin color and having a projectile tongue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lizard . :Champagne :guid "bd58da79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :CarbonDioxide ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Effervescent ; :wnsense "bubbly1n", "champagne1n" ; :wordnet "bubbly", "champagne" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Champagne'' is a type of ''SparklingWine'' originally produced in the 'Champagne' region of France. In France that term cannot be used for any wine produced elsewhere; bt the term is still sometimes used for other types of ''SparklingWine''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'champagne' in WordNet: 1. (6) champagne, bubbly - (a white sparkling wine either produced in Champagne or resembling that produced there) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SparklingWine, :WhiteWine . :ChampagneBottle :en "champagne bottle" ; :enn "champagne bottle" ; :guid "bd58dab5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of bottles in which champagne is packaged and stored. Just the bottle,notincluding the champagne. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WineBottle . :ChampagneFlute :guid "be4a6336-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "champagne flute1n", "flute glass1n", "flute2n" ; :wordnet "champagne flute", "flute", "flute glass" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flute' in WordNet: 2. flute, flute glass, champagne flute - (a tall narrow wineglass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingGlass, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tall ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Champion :en "championship holder" ; :wnsense "champ1n", "champion1n", "title-holder1n" ; :wordnet "champ", "champion", "title-holder" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A 'Championship'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) achieved by winning a competition, usually in Sports. This is the generic champion, which could be a Winner in a single competition, but the term 'champion is usually applied to the winner of a competition series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'champion' in WordNet: 1. (14) champion, champ, title-holder - (someone who has won first place in a competition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartyInRole, :Winner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Championship ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Championship :wnsense "championship1n", "title4n" ; :wordnet "championship", "title" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A 'Championship'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) achieved by winning a competition, usually in Sports. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'championship' in WordNet: 1. (2) championship, title - (the status of being a champion; 'he held the title for two years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SuperiorStatus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Champion ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Chance :isAnAttributeValueOf :FutureSituation ; :ldoce "chance" ; :wnsense "chance1n" ; :wordnet "chance" ; a :ProbabilityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'chance' can be expressed as a 'good chance' i.e. a non-minimal level of 'Possibility' for performing some Action that arises from a particular Situation; approximately 'good odds' or 'reasonable chance' (not hopeless). This can be used to express a 'hope' as in 'there is a hope of success'. The numerical range for the probability would be from 0.1 to 0.9. NOTE that WN 'hope' 3 includes the 'grounds' for expectation. That is not includeed here: @ToDo: where to put 'grounds'?? @ToDo: this is only a numerical probability, but should refer to some situation and the thing that is possible in the circumstance. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'chance' and sense 1 of 'opportunity' and includes sense 3 of 'hope' in WordNet: 1. (40) opportunity, chance - (a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances; 'the holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Washington'; 'now is your chance') WN noun 'hope': 3. (14) promise, hope - (grounds for feeling hopeful about the future; 'there is little or no promise that he will recover') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possibility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.9"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :Chancellor-HeadOfState :wnsense "chancellor1n", "premier2n", "prime minister2n" ; :wordnet "chancellor", "premier", "prime minister" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chancellor-HeadOfState'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chancellor' in WordNet: 1. chancellor, premier, prime minister - (the person who is head of state (in several countries)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadOfState . :Chandelier :wnsense "chandelier1n" ; :wordnet "chandelier" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is a chandelier that can use any source of light, including (candles or gas). For the electrically-powered variety, use subtype ''ElectricChandelier'. A ''Chandelier'' must have at least two parts that are ''LightEmittingObject''s, and typically has more than two. There are typically tiers in which all the ''LightEmittingObject''s are on the same horizontal plane, and there may be more than one such tier. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chandelier' in WordNet: 1. (3) chandelier, pendant, pendent - (branched lighting fixture; often ornate; hangs from the ceiling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightFixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightEmittingObject ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ceiling ; owl:onProperty :isSuspendedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HangingFromaCeiling ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Change :ldoce "change" ; :wnsense "change2n" ; :wordnet "change" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Change is a Difference in some attribute, AttributeType, or AttributeValue of a single Object or Process at one time, compared to the same attribute at an earlier time. For abstract objects, the difference may be before or after some operation, such as a mathematical operation - therefore the Change is not necessarily situated in time, but can be on some abstract dimension of change. This type has some similarities to a BecomingEvent in that it has a participant and a property before the change, and a property after. But it is narrowly focused on changes in a single participant, and is not as flexible in representing Events as would be an instance of Event. -------- @ToDo1221: as an ordered pair, the second element occurs after the first. this means that the 'Group' has an implied relation between the elements., and is therefore may not be just a mereological sum of the two elements. This needs careful thinking. NOTE that ny Ordered group has the ordering relation as the first element, thus an ''OrderedPair'' is not a ''Pair'' but a trio. If a 'Change' represents a change of state, then the elements can be states (a sum of attributes) as well as attributes. ------------ Corresponds to sense 2 of noun 'change' in WordNet: 2. (45) change - (a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event; 'he attributed the change to their marriage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference . :ChangeFromColorlessToRed :hasAttributeType :Color ; :hasFirstElement :Colorless ; :hasSecondElement :Red ; a :ColorChange, :Difference ; rdfs:comment """A 'ChangeFromColorlessToRed' is the kind of color change one sees when a litmus solution is acidified. """ . :ChangeInUserRights :guid "bd5e7431-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events and a specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer. Each instance of #$ChangeInUserRights is an event in which some instance of #$Agent either gains or loses possession of something. Possession means having some right to use a thing that one has in hand or otherwise has access to. Different types of possession (e.g. ownership, rental, borrowings) can be specified by using the appropriate instance(s) of #$UserRightsAttribute (q.v.). Changes in an agent's user rights can come about in various ways: through buying and selling, renting, borrowing or lending, giving, repossession, etc. Specializations of this collection include #$LosingUserRights, #$GainingUserRights, and #$ExchangeOfUserRights; in the latter collection, there is an alteration in the rights of two (or more) agents to use two (or more) items - as in a purchase, when one agent gets full use rights to an object by turning over a sum of money to the object's previous owner. In addition, some changes in user rights are classified explicitly in #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights (e.g. borrowing, renting), while others are permanent. Events that involve such changes in user rights all belong in the collection of events, #$ChangeInUserRights. In any particular #$ChangeInUserRights event, the item which is changing hands is identified as the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer, :SocialOccurrence . :ChangeOfCustomEvent :wnsense "turning2n" ; :wordnet "turning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turning' in WordNet: 2. (2) turning - (act of changing in practice or custom; 'the law took many turnings over the years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent . :ChangeOfMind :wnsense "change of mind1n", "flip-flop1n", "flip-flop1v", "flip10v", "rethink1v", "reversal4n" ; :wordnet "change of mind", "flip", "flip-flop", "rethink", "reversal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'change of mind' in WordNet: 1. reversal, change of mind, flip-flop, turnabout, turnaround - (a decision to reverse an earlier decision) WN verb 'flip-flop' (part): 1. interchange, tack, switch, alternate, flip, flip-flop - (reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)) WN verb 'rethink': 1. (2) rethink - (change one's mind; 'He rethought his decision to take a vacation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deciding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Deciding ] . :ChangeOfPossession :guid "bd588cf3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which possession of something (an object, right, or valuable thing) is transferred from one Agent to another. The exchange can be one-way, such as giving a gift, and does not necessarily involve reciprocation. For reciprocal exchanges see 'Transaction'. NOTE: change of 'possession' does not necessarily imply change of ownership, as indicated by the SUMO comment. A 'Sharing' is in COSMO also a 'ChangeOfPossession'. In Cyc ChangeOfPossession is cooperateive, whereas in SUMO a Stealing woud also be a ChangeOfPossession. So there are at least two differences. COSMO uises the Cyc interpretation: cooperative, not necessarily change of ownership. SUMO: The Class of Processes where ownership of something is transferred from one Agent to another. In Cyc called 'TransferringPossession\"> Cyc: A collection of events. In each instance of #$TransferringPossession, the possession of a single object (see #$objectOfPossessionTransfer) is transferred from one #$Agent to another. Such an event alters the rights of _two_ different agents to use the object in question: one agent loses some #$UserRightsAttribute (q.v.) over it, while the other agent gains some #$UserRightsAttribute over it. Thus each #$TransferringPossession event is both a #$LosingUserRights event and a #$GainingUserRights event. Note that in instances of #$Buying, #$Bartering, or #$Renting, _two_ such #$TransferringPossessions occur, because there are two objects whose possession is transferred. For example, in buying a car, the right to use the buyer's money is transferred to the auto seller, while the ownership of the car is transferred to the buyer. In such cases, both of the #$TransferringPossession events (one for each object) are subevents (see #$subEvents) of the instance of #$Buying, #$Renting, or #$Bartering. See #$ExchangeOfUserRights. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CooperationEvent, :GainingUserRights, :GeneralizedTransfer, :SocialOccurrence . :ChangeOfResidence :en "change of residence", "changing one's residence", "moving" ; :wnsense "move4n" ; :wordnet "move" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One can change residence without crossing any Geopolitical borders. However, the subtype ''Migrating'' *does* require that a border be crossed. This type is an Action performed by a ''GroupOfPeople'' which can be a single person, a family group, or a whole class of people (e.g. refugees). Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'move' in WordNet: 4. (20) move - (change residence, affiliation, or place of employment; We moved from Idaho to Nebraska; The basketball player moved from one team to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :Relocation, :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residence ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FormerResidence ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewResidence ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingToaPlace ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ] . :ChangeOfState :wnsense "change of state1n" ; :wordnet "change of state" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the generic ''ChangeOfState'' including Physical states of matter (solid, liquid, gas - see ''StateChange'') and change of social state. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'change of state' in WordNet: 1. change of state - (the act of changing something into something different in essential characteristics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent . :ChangeOfStatusEvent :en "change of status" ; :enn "change of status" ; :guid "becab87c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the parent type for all changes of status, including becoming a member of a group or leaving a group. CYC: Elements of #$ChangeOfStatusEvent are events in which the status of a person, group, or organization changes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :SocialOccurrence . :Changeability :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :AttributeChangeEvent, :BecomingEvent ; :wnsense "changeability1adj", "changeableness1adj" ; :wordnet "changeability", "changeableness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Changeability'' is an attribute of something (objects, PersistentStates, Weather that is capable of change (a ''BecomingEvent''). This is very broad, and can be an attribute of things that change slowly or infrequently. FOr The Quality of things that change by a lot, or frequently, use subtype ''Variablity''. Contrasts with ''Stability'' or 'invariability'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'changeability' in WordNet: 1. changeableness, changeability - (the quality of being changeable; having a marked tendency to change; 'the changeableness of the weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo ] . :Changed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BecomingEvent ; :wnsense "changed1adj", "changed2adj", "changed3adj" ; :wordnet "changed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Changed'' is the attribute of something that experienced a ''BecomingEvent''. This is not for change of location. Subtypes such as ''Increased'' can be more specific. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'changed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) changed - (made or become different in nature or form; 'changed attitudes'; 'changed styles of dress'; 'a greatly changed country after the war') 2. (2) changed - (made or become different in some respect; 'he's an altered (or changed) man since his election to Congress') 3. changed - (changed in constitution or structure or composition by metamorphism; 'metamorphic rocks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Changing :isAnAttributeValueOf :SituationProcessEventOrState ; :isTheProgressiveFormOf "BecomingEvent", "change" ; :wnsense "changing1adj" ; :wordnet "changing" ; a :AdjectiveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'changing' in WordNet: 1. (13) changing, ever-changing - (marked by continuous change or effective action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ChangingAnAgentsAction :en "correcting behavior" ; :enn "correcting behavior" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChangingAnAgentsAction'' is an Action in which some Agent (such as a Person, Organization, or social system) acts so as to cause a second Agent (Person or Organization) to perform some type of Action in a manner that is considered by the first agent to be better (more advisable) than an alternative Action that the secodn agent might perform. This may attempted by a ''RecommendingEvent'' (as in recommending that someone do something to accomplish a goal, or if a ''RecommendingAgainstSomething'' the purpose would be to try to get the second agent to avoid doing something that the first agent would consider inadvisable. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :ModifyingBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirectedFeeling ] . :ChangingDeviceState :guid "bd58d12d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This represents reversible changes in a Device state = most commonly, switching on or off or changing the rate of action. But also changing other properties, e.g. the channel that is received in a radio or TV device. CYC: A specialization of both #$PhysicalEvent and #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent (q.v.). The collection of events in which a device goes from one basic state (the #$fromState) to another (the #$toState). A change of #$DeviceState (q.v.) might be due to an #$Agent adjusting the device, or it might happen automatically due to the behavior of the device itself. The two most general state changes (for powered devices) are from #$DeviceOn to #$DeviceOff, and vice versa. Many other states peculiar to specific devices can be identified. For example, the states of a #$Dishwasher include #$DeviceState-Washing and #$DeviceState-Rinsing; and the states of a trapping device might include #$TrapArmed, #$TrapTripped, and #$TrapIdle. Specializations of #$ChangingDeviceState include #$UnlockingALock, #$ChargingABattery, and #$ComputerCrashing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :ReversibleStateChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStateBeforeChange ; owl:someValuesFrom :QualitativeAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStateAfterChange ; owl:someValuesFrom :QualitativeAttributeType ] . :ChangingDirection :CYC "Turning" ; :eng "turning" ; :guid "bd588efc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "turn1v" ; :wordnet "turn" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChangingDirection'' is An Event in which the ''DirectionMeasure'' of something changes (intransitive or transitive sense). This can be used for rotations of objects (changing orientation), as well as changing direction of motion. Those are subtypes. This can also be applied to abstract senses of 'changing direction', as in changing the topic or changing an activity. CYC 'Turning': The act of changing the direction of movement or orientation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'turn' in WordNet 1. (744) turn - (change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense; 'Turn towards me'; 'The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face'; 'She turned from herself and learned to listen to others' needs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirectionMeasure ] . :ChangingDirectionOfMotion :en "change course", "changing course" ; :eng "turning" ; :wnsense "change of direction1n", "deviate2v", "reorientation2n", "turn1v" ; :wordnet "change of direction", "deviate", "reorientation", "turn" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChangingDirection'' is an intransitive Action in which some ''MovingObject'' changes its direction (motion vector), whether by internal actions (possibly motivated by perceiving an obstance or by information received) or as a result of some external force. Thus the ''Path-Spatial'' of something moving changes (intransitive sense) - i.e. the direction of movement of a moving thing (object, wave) is changed. This is an ''Action'' and the thing moving is the ''Agent'' (patient of the intransitive Action) The transitive concept of *causing* a change of direction of something moving is represented by ''DeflectingSomething'' This is broad, and can be used for reflecting light, echoing radar waves, echoing sounds, or guiding a light beam through an optical fiber. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'turn' in WordNet (this is not for rotation - see supertype ''ChangingDirection''?): in Wordnet: 1. (744) turn - (change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense; 'Turn towards me'; 'The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face'; 'She turned from herself and learned to listen to others' needs') WN verb 'deviate': 2. (2) deviate, divert - (turn aside; turn away from) WN verb 'change of direction': 1. change of direction, reorientation - (the act of changing the direction in which something is oriented) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaShapeChange, :ChangingDirection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Path-Spatial ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :MovingThing ] . :ChangingIntensity :eng "changing intensity" ; :wnsense "change intensity1v" ; :wordnet "change intensity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChangingIntensity'' is a ''Modification' of the intensity some event or ''EventType'' that has degrees of intensity. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'change intensity' in WordNet: 1. change intensity - (increase or decrease in intensity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification . :ChangingMoods :en "changing moods", "mood swing" ; :enn "changing moods", "mood swing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChangingMoods'' is an intransitive Action performed by a Person who changes a mood significantly, as from a ''GoodMood'' to a ''BadMood'' or the reverse. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mood ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :ChangingOperatingProcedure :wnsense "changeover1n", "conversion1n", "transition2n" ; :wordnet "changeover", "conversion", "transition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChangingOperatingProcedure'' is a broad category of Actions in which some agent changes a procedure for doing some task. This can be any kind of change, including changing a type of tool or system, e.g. changing an operating system on a computer, or the voltage used by a device. The distinctive characteristic of this type is that the Procedure (MentalObject) that guides the actions changed must itself be changed, even if only in the mind of the agent performing the actions before and after the change. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'conversion' (for operating procedures) in WordNet: 1. (9) conversion, transition, changeover - (an event that results in a transformation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Procedure ] . :ChangingPosture :wnsense "change posture1v" ; :wordnet "change posture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChangingPosture'' is an intransitive Action: (1) performed by an Animal (usually of interest for a Person), going from one posture (sitting,lying,standing,bending over, kneeling, etc) to another. This is for intentional changes performed by a Person on his/herself, so it is a ''CausingaShapeChange'' Event. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'change posture' in WordNet: 1. change posture - (undergo a change in bodily posture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :ChangingaBelief a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChangingaBelief'' is a ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' in which the thing modified is a''Belief'' of the Person changing the belief. The ''belief'' changed can be a ''BeliefSystem'' such as a ''Religion'' or a political philosophy, or even a belief in a scientific theory. This is the *intransitive* sense that does not in itself refer to an Event that may have prompted the change. . This may occur as the result of a ''Reevaluating'' action by the person who changes a Belief.. The ''Reevaluating'' may be caused by an 'Advocating'' action of another Person who is an 'advocate'' for the changed Belief (e.g. a propagandist or missionary). in WordNet: 3. (3) convert - (change religious beliefs, or adopt a religious belief; 'She converted to Buddhism') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reevaluating ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeliefSystem ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ; owl:someValuesFrom :Adjustment ] . :ChangingaLightPath a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChangingaLightPath'' is An Event in which something (an object, or force or other Phenomenon) causes a ray of light of any kind to change direction. This can happen by simple refraction (in a prism or a Rainbow),reflection,or by being directed by refractive forces within an optical fiber along the path of the fiber @mod53 """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirectionOfMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :LightPath ] . :ChangingaRadioWavePath a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChangingaRadioWavePath'' is An Event in which something (usually an object) causes a ''RadioWave'' (including microwaves, but excluding light) to change direction. This can happen by reflection from a surface or by something else that can bend radio waves. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirectionOfMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :RadioWave ] . :ChangingaTopic :en "change topic", "changing the topic", "go off topic" ; :eng "changing topic", "going off topic" ; :wnsense "stray3v", "wander5v" ; :wordnet "stray", "wander" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChangingaTopic'' is an abstract subtype of ''ChangingDirection'' , which would be part of a ''Narrating''; unless the thing being discussed continues for more than a few sentences on the same topic, a 'digression' would not be recognizable as such. This is vague as to the length of time that the different topic is discussed; for temporary changes of topic focus, use subtype ''Digressing''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'stray' in WordNet: 3. digress, stray, divagate, wander - (lose clarity or turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument in writing, thinking, or speaking; 'She always digresses when telling a story'; 'her mind wanders'; 'Don't digress when you give a lecture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingOrally, :ChangingDirection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Topic ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrating ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Channel :wnsense "channel2n" ; :wordnet "channel" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Channel'' is a ''Passageway'' artifact that is designed to facilitate sending inanimate things - objects or substances - along a defined route under the influence of gravity (or sometimes perhaps air pressure?). The chanels carved by ''Erosion'' are represented by subtype ''NaturalChannel''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'channel' in WordNet: 2. (1) channel - (a passage for water (or other fluids) to flow through; 'the fields were crossed with irrigation channels'; 'gutters carried off the rainwater into a series of channels under the street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Passageway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MotionDownward ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ] . :Channeling :wnsense "canalise2v", "canalize2v", "channel2v" ; :wordnet "canalise", "canalize", "channel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Channeling' is a ''DirectingTheCourse'' where the thing directed 'flows' in some sense, either physically (such as water) or metaphorically (such as information). The subtypes will to be more specific. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'channel' in WordNet: 2. channel, canalize, canalise - (direct the flow of; 'channel information towards a broad audience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuidingAMovingObject . :Chant :wnsense "chant1n" ; :wordnet "chant" ; a :GenreType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chant'' is a style of ''ReligiousMusic'' that often has repeated tones with little melody. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chant' in WordNet: 1. chant - (a repetitive song in which as many syllables as necessary are assigned to a single tone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousMusic . :Chaos :en "madhouse" ; :enn "madhouse" ; :wnsense "bedlam1n", "chaos2n", "chaos4n", "pandemonium1n", "topsy-turvydom1n", "topsy-turvyness1n" ; :wordnet "bedlam", "chaos", "pandemonium", "topsy-turvydom", "topsy-turvyness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An extreme degree of ''Disorder'' in which little or no prediction can be made about actions or object locations within the area in this state. Includes RHW sense 2 of 'madhouse: 2. a wild, confused, and often noisy place, set of circumstances, etc.: The office was a madhouse today. Includes noun senses 2, and 4 of 'chaos' in WordNet: 1. (12) chaos, pandemonium, bedlam, topsy-turvydom, topsy-turvyness - (a state of extreme confusion and disorder) 2. chaos - (the formless and disordered state of matter before the creation of the cosmos) 4. chaos - ((physics) a dynamical system that is extremely sensitive to its initial conditions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disorder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orderliness ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Chaotic :isTheOppositeOf :Ordered ; :wnsense "chaotic2adj", "disorderly3adj" ; :wordnet "chaotic", "disorderly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chaotic'' is a subattribute of ''Unordered'' characterizing Groups (of any kind) that completely lack any perceivable ordering. This is used to assert a more intense and complete lack of order than the parent ''Unordered'', and is mostly used for static arrangements of Objects. NOTE:the senses in COSMO of ''Chaotic'' (disrderly versus helter-skelter) do not clearly match the ones in WordNet, since the notion of a chaotic static arrangement is not clearly present. For Actions, particularly movements, of ''Person''s that are not coordinated and ordered, use ''HelterSkelter''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'chaotic' in Wordnet: 2. (1) chaotic, disorderly - (completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unordered . :Chap :wnsense "blighter2n", "chap1n", "cuss2n", "fella1n", "feller2n", "fellow1n", "gent2n", "lad1n" ; :wordnet "blighter", "chap", "cuss", "fella", "feller", "fellow", "gent", "lad" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chap'' is one of a number of informal terms referring to a man. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chap' in WordNet: 1. (1) chap, fellow, feller, lad, gent, fella, blighter, cuss - (a boy or man; 'that chap is your host'; 'there's a fellow at the door'; 'he's a likable cuss') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson . :Chapel :guid "bf827721-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chapel1n" ; :wordnet "chapel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A comparatively small chamber of worship, built as an adjunct to a larger #$ChurchBuilding for purposes of private worship and private ceremonies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chapel' in Wordnet: 1. (8) chapel - (a place of worship that has its own altar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HouseOfPrayer . :Chaperone :wnsense "chaperone1n" ; :wordnet "chaperone" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chaperone'' is a ''HumanAdult'' who serves as a ''Protector'' for some young ''Person''(s), usually a young woman or group of young people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chaperone' in WordNet: 1. chaperon, chaperone - (one who accompanies and supervises a young woman or gatherings of young people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Escort, :HumanAdult, :Protector, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chaperoning ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Chaperoned :en "chaperoned" ; :enadj "chaperoned" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving :Chaperone ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Chaperoning ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unchaperoned ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chaperoned'' is an attribute of a Person (usually a female) who is being accompanied by a ''Chaperone'' at that time """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Chaperoning :wnsense "chaperon1v", "chaperone1v" ; :wordnet "chaperon", "chaperone" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chaperoning'' is an Action of of responsible ''HumanAdult'' who guards a young woman or group of young people by accompanying them. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chaperone' in WordNet: 1. chaperone, chaperon - (accompany as a chaperone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Escorting, :ProtectingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chaperone ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Chaplain :wnsense "chaplain1n" ; :wordnet "chaplain" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chaplain'' can be employed by military forces, Legislative bodies, or educational institutions, or any other Group that values spiritual services by clergy, Thi sneed not be a permanent job. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chaplain' in WordNet: 1. chaplain - (a clergyman ministering to some institution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric . :Chapter :wnsense "chapter1n" ; :wordnet "chapter" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Chapter'' is a ''Section'' of a ''ConceptualWork'' that is an ''AbstractText'' (not a musical composition or image) that is a ''Documentpart'', in itself coherent with distinct boundaries and not arbitrarily small, being longer than one paragraph. The designation of parts of an AbstractText as 'paragraph' is to some extent arbitray, as it could be the primary subdivision of a whole text, but there are other subdivisions that might include chapters (e.g. 'part 1', 'part2'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chapter' in WordNet: 1. (38) chapter - (a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled; 'he read a chapter every night before falling asleep') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :ConceptualWork, :DocumentPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paragraph ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ] . :Char_o a :AbstractCharacter . :Characin :wnsense "characid1n", "characin fish1n", "characin1n" ; :wordnet "characid", "characin", "characin fish" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'characin' in WordNet: 1. characin, characin fish, characid - (any freshwater fish of the family Characinidae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CypriniformFish . :Character :ldoce "character" ; :wnsense "character3n", "fiber2n", "fibre2n" ; :wordnet "character", "fiber", "fibre" ; a :GroupType, :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Character is the sum of all ''PersonTraitValue''s of an individual that relate to his/her identfiable traits, and is reflected in the morality of that person's behavior. The linguistic term 'character' is usually used to refer to the set of moral traits of a Person, but this term can include any set of ''PersonTraitValue''s that are relevant to a knowledge base. This is a subset of the traits that make up the complete Personality. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'character' in WordNet: 3. (11) character, fiber, fibre - (the inherent complex of attributes that determine a persons moral and ethical actions and reactions; 'education has for its object the formation of character'- Herbert Spencer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Nature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonTraitValue ] . :CharacterStringToken-Sounded :guid "bead612e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CharacterStringToken, each of whose instances is a specific sound event that represents or realizes a particular abstract instance of #$CharacterString in some language or writing system. A sounded character-string token might be generated directly by a human voice, created by playing a recording of a voice, or generated by purely electronic means. Instances of #$CharacterStringToken-Sounded, unlike inscribed or electromagnetically-encoded string tokens, normally do not have individual character tokens as parts, as most sounded string tokens simply cannot be divided into discrete sounded character tokens (see #$CharacterToken-Sounded). E.g. a spoken token of the string 'cat' - unless it happens to be literally spelled out - does not contain a token of the letter 'c' as a part. Thus, most sounded character-string tokens are not instances of #$CharacterStringToken-Serial.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAccessibleIBT, :SoundInformationBearingThing . :Characteristic :ldoce "character" ; :wnsense "character2n", "characteristic2n" ; :wordnet "character", "characteristic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue that is distinctive for the object that has it. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'character' and sense 2 of 'characteristic' in Wordnet (see also 'PersonTraitValue' for a more specific subtype): quality, character, lineament - (a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something; 'each town has a quality all its own'; 'the radical character of our demands') WN noun 'characteristic': in WordNet: 2. (7) characteristic - (a distinguishing quality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :Feature . :CharacterizingSomething :wnsense "characterise1v", "characterize1v" ; :wordnet "characterise", "characterize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CharacterizingSomething'' is a ''DescribingSomething'' in which one ascribes one or more qualities (attributes) to something, or assets that something is an instance of some Type The attribute or type asserted is pointed to by 'assertsAttributeOrType'' 'Jack is a perfect moron'. ~~~~~ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'characterize' in WordNet: 1. (10) qualify, characterize, characterise - (describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of; 'You can characterize his behavior as that of an egotist'; 'This poem can be characterized as a lament for a dead lover') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :DescribingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :assertsAttributeOrType ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType rdfs:Class ) ] ] . :Charcoal :guid "bd58f538-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Carbon ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Wood ; :wnsense "charcoal1n", "wood coal2n" ; :wordnet "charcoal", "wood coal" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces of charcoal. Used as a 'Fuel' in outdoor grilles for cooking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'charcoal' in WordNet: 1. (6) charcoal, wood coal - (a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombustibleFuelSubstance, :Fuel, :OrganicSubstance, :SolidSubstance . :CharcoalGrill :en "charcoal grill" ; :wnsense "grill2n", "grille3n" ; :wordnet "grill", "grille" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CharcoalGrill'' is a ''CookingGrill' that uses ''Charcoal'' as the primary ''Fuel'' (rather than gas). This is often small and easily portable on three legs, but can be larger if it is capable of using ''Charcoal'' as the fuel. NOTE:the WN 'grill' has been partitioned into ''Grillwork'' - the wire/bar network used as the platform for grillng, and this type - the whole 'grill' apparatus including any legs and (if gas) pipes used to supply the gas. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'grille' in WordNet (for cooking outdors) *but* this is the whole device, not just the grillwork in it: in WordNet: 3. grill, grille, grillwork - (a framework of metal bars used as a partition or a grate; \"he cooked hamburgers on the grill\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingGrill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Charcoal ; owl:onProperty :consumesSubstance ] . :ChargeMeasure :ldoce "charge" ; :wnsense "charge6n" ; :wordnet "charge" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to the quantity of ElectricalCharge in an Object. It can be positive (positive charge), negative (negatice charge) or neutral (zero net charge). Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'charge' in WordNet: 6. (44) charge, electric charge - (the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons; 'the battery needed a fresh charge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :coulombs ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ] . :Charged :isTheOppositeOf :Discharged ; :wnsense "charged1adj" ; :wordnet "charged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Charged' is the state of a 'Battery' that has enough power remaining to power an Electricaldevice for enough time to perform a normal task. This may not be 'FullyCharged'. For things that are electrically charged, use ''ElectricallyCharged''. WordNet conflates these two independent attributes Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'charged ' in Wordnet: 1. (9) charged - (of a particle or body or system; having a net amount of positive or negative electric charge; 'charged particles'; 'a charged battery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceState . :ChargedBattery :wnsense "battery2n" ; :wordnet "battery" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChargedBattery'' is a ''Battery'' that has been charged to more than half its full capacity. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'battery' in WordNet: 2. (10) battery, electric battery - (a device that produces electricity; may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or series) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Battery . :ChargedParticle :en "charged particle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any 'MicroscopicScaleObject'' that has some ElectricalCharge. This can be as large as a large molecule, and is not necessarily a ''SubAtomicParticle''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricallyChargedObject, :MicroscopicScaleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricallyCharged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Charging-Rushing :guid "bd590a96-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "charge" ; :wnsense "charge1v" ; :wordnet "charge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The type of action in which an animal aroused by rage, fear, or mating instincts aggressively runs at another animal in a physical attack. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'charge' in WordNet: 1. (16) charge, bear down - (to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle; 'he saw Jess charging at him with a pitchfork') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approaching, :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent, :Rushing, :ViolentAction . :ChargingABattery :en "charge a battery" ; :env "charge a battery" ; :guid "31b2ee34-0fc0-41d7-97f2-ccb1c7c3ebe9" ; :ldoce "charge" ; :wnsense "charge24v" ; :wordnet "charge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which a #$Battery is charged. Corresponds to verb sense 24 of 'charge' in WordNet: 24. charge - (energize a battery by passing a current through it in the direction opposite to discharge; 'I need to charge my car battery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ChangingDeviceState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Battery :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discharged ; owl:onProperty :hasStateBeforeChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Charged ; owl:onProperty :hasStateAfterChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChargedBattery ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :ChargingSomeoneWithaTask :en "assign a task" ; :eng "assigning a task" ; :env "assign a task" ; :wnsense "burden2v", "charge18v", "saddle3v" ; :wordnet "burden", "charge", "saddle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'charge' in WordNet: 18. charge, saddle, burden - (impose a task upon, assign a responsibility to; 'He charged her with cleaning up all the files over the weekend') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningaResponsibility, :Compelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supervisor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :WorkingEvent ] . :Charisma :guid "bd58a8c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Charismatic ; :takesValue :AttractivenessValue ; :wnsense "charisma1n", "personal appeal1n", "personal magnetism1n" ; :wordnet "charisma", "personal appeal", "personal magnetism" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Charisma'' is an AttributeType that applies to people whose personality and behavior create a favorable impression on others. CYC: Performing an activity with charisma. The CYC 'charisma' seems only tangential to the usual meaning: This in CYC is a manner of acting whereas in COSMO it is a trait which may or may not be exhibited in specific Actions. CYC parent type: 'Quantity-ScriptPerformance': The most general type of attribute describing the manner in which an actor performs an action; specializations of this include #$CorrectnessOfPosture, #$Competence, #$Precision, #$Dexterity, #$Gracefulness, #$Creativity, etc. The elements of #$Precision, e.g., represent the various qualitative levels such as high precision, low precision, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'charisma' in WordNet: 1. (1) charisma, personal appeal, personal magnetism - (a personal attractiveness or interestingness that enables you to influence others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attractiveness . :Charismatic :guid "bd58b44a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "charismatic1adj", "magnetic6adj" ; :wordnet "charismatic", "magnetic" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that are attractive either physically or personally in a way that arouses popular enthusiasm and/or loyalty, as for a political leader or actor. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'charismatic' in Wordnet: 1. charismatic, magnetic - (possessing an extraordinary ability to attract; 'a charismatic leader'; 'a magnetic personality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attractive . :CharitableOrganization :wnsense "charity1n", "charity5n" ; :wordnet "charity" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the two sense of 'charity' may be distinguished, but the logical difference is not yet obvious. Includes noun senses 1 and 5 of 'charity' in WordNet: 1. (2) charity - (a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals)) 5. charity - (an institution set up to provide help to the needy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonProfitOrganization, :NongovernmentalOrganization . :Charity :disposesToAction :ActOfGenerosity ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Generous ; :wnsense "charitableness1n", "charity2n", "generosity1n", "generosity2n", "generousness1n" ; :wordnet "charitableness", "charity", "generosity", "generousness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subtype of ''Benevolence'' that disposes a person to perform acts of Kindness in which the charitable person actually gives things of value (which may be time or labor effort) to other people without any compensation. Same as 'generosity'. The more intense level of generosity that leads a person to make other people a priority above his/herself is represented as the subtype ''Altruism''. See also ''Generous''. Relation needs more analysis between 'generous', 'generosity', 'charity', *NOTE* that ''Generous'' is the attribute of someone actually performing an ''ActOfGenerosity'', whereas this type is a disposition to to such things. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'charity', senses 1 and 2 of 'generosity' and in WordNet: 2. (1) charity, brotherly love - (a kindly and lenient attitude toward people) WN noun 'generosity': 1. (1) generosity, generousness - (the trait of being willing to give your money or time) 2. generosity, unselfishness - (acting generously) WN noun 'charitableness': 1. charitableness - (generosity as manifested by practicing charity (as for the poor or unfortunate)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benevolence . :Charming :hasTheAttributeNominalForm "ENG_charm"^^xsd:string ; :ldoce "charm" ; :wnsense "charm1n", "charming1adj" ; :wordnet "charm", "charming" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Charming' (being Charming = having 'charm') is an AttributeValue that a person (or sometimes an object) has when by virtue of personality (behavior) and appearance, that person is considered as pleasing or attractive by other people. The feelings induced by charm may cause other people to look favorably upon requests from the charming one; thus this is a relatively high level of 'Attractive'. Although this is classified as a 'PersonTraitValue' in COSMO, it can also be applied to objects and places. @ToDo: should a distinction be made, to keep PersonTraitValue more restricted?? Linguistically to 'have charm' is to be 'charming', so this concept is represented only in the attribute form, and the nominative 'charm' is referenced to the adjectival by the relation 'hasTheAttributeNominalForm'. This relation is used in addition to the mapping to the LDOCE and WordNet words 'charm'. This corresponds to sense 1 in Random House Webster: 1. a power of pleasing or attracting, as through personality or beauty: charm of manner; the charm of a mountain lake. This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'charming' (related to people) and noun sense 1 of 'charm' in Wordnet: WN 'charming': 1. (8) charming - (pleasing or delighting; 'endowed with charming manners'; 'a charming little cottage'; 'a charming personality') WN 'charm': 1. (6) appeal, appealingness, charm - (attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates; 'his smile was part of his appeal to her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appealing, :Attractive, :BehaviorAttribute . :CharmsCauseLuck :hasBeliever :Somebody001 ; :hasMainTopic :GoodLuckCharm, :Hoodoo ; :holdsInContext :Superstition ; a :Belief, :Superstition ; rdfs:comment """A 'CharmsCauseLuck' is a 'Belief' of some people (e.g. the unidentified Person 'Somebody001') that carrying 'GoodLuckCharm' around will cause 'GoodLuck', or that a 'Hoodoo' will cause 'Misfortune (bad luck). This is for both good and bad luck. Q: is the 'evil eye' a Hoodoo? This Belief may be represented in ESKIF as: {{a GoodLuckCharm} causes GoodLuck}. """ . :Charring :wnsense "blacken2v", "char2v" ; :wordnet "blacken", "char" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Charring'' is a ''Scorching'' that causes the *surface* of an organic object to become black or somewhat black. This is an Action, so the intrinsic (passive) state change is a result, but not included in this type. This is just for surface charring. For thorough charring, as in charcoal production, a different subtype of ''HeatingProcess'' would need to be created. This differs from the parent type ''Scorching'' in that the more general type does not necessarily blacken the object scorched. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'char' and sense 2 of 'blacken' in WordNet: 2. char, blacken, sear, scorch - (burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color; 'The cook blackened the chicken breast'; 'The fire charred the ceiling above the mantelpiece'; 'the flames scorched the ceiling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaColorChange, :Scorching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blackening ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganicObject ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :Chart :wnsense "chart1n", "chart2n" ; :wordnet "chart" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An Icon which depicts one or more quantities. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2of 'chart' in Wordnet: 1. (7) chart - (a visual display of information) 2. (2) chart - (a map designed to assist navigation by air or sea) """^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :Icon . :Charter :ldoce "charter" ; :wnsense "charter1n" ; :wordnet "charter" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Charter is an AbstractDocument specifying the set of organizing purposes, principle, and rules for an Organization. In this general sense, a Charter does not have to be issued by a governmental body. The meaning corresponds to sense 2 in The Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: 'Charter (2). (often cap.) a document defining the formal organization of a corporate body; constitution: the Charter of the United Nations.' Every Organization must have a Charter, which is the defining characteristic that distinguishes an Organization from other groups of agents. In COSMO this logical restriction is not formally specified, because Organizations are too often referred to with no knowledge of the actual Charter. FIBO note: this may be identical in meaning to FIBO 'Constittion' which is included as a subtype in the FIBO module. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'charter' in WordNet: 1. (2) charter - (a document incorporating an institution and specifying its rights; includes the articles of incorporation and the certificate of incorporation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument . :ChasingSomething :guid "c093e6c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "chase" ; :wnsense "chase after2v", "chase1n", "chase1v", "give chase1v", "pursual1n", "pursuit1n", "trail2v" ; :wordnet "chase", "chase after", "give chase", "pursual", "pursuit", "trail" ; a :MotionType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$LocomotionProcess in which the locomotor is moving around in pursuit of another locomoting object, with the intention of catching it (possibly, as a policeman, not necessarily to eat it). COSMO note: this is a subtype of 'pursuit' involving purely physical motion in the direction of a target whose whereabouts is known; for cases of 'pursuit' where the location of the target is not known, use 'the parent type 'Pursuing'. Includes verb sense 1 of 'chase'and 2 of 'trail' in WordNet, and noun sense 1 of 'chase' and noun sense 1 of 'pursuit': in WordNet: WN verb 'chase': 1. (1) chase, chase after, trail, tail, tag, give chase, dog, go after, track - (go after with the intent to catch; 'The policeman chased the mugger down the alley'; 'the dog chased the rabbit') WN noun 'chase': 1. (5) pursuit, chase, pursual, following - (the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture; 'the culprit started to run and the cop took off in pursuit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FollowingMotion, :LocomotionProcess, :Pursuing . :ChasingSomethingAway :wnsense "chase away1v", "dispel1v", "drive away1v", "drive off1v", "drive out1v", "run off3v", "turn back3v" ; :wordnet "chase away", "dispel", "drive away", "drive off", "drive out", "run off", "turn back" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: This is use mostly for chasing unwanted animals away from the place where they are not wanted, but the direct objects here include the general ''Object' so that this can be used for metaphorical 'chasing away', until a more specific type for metaphors is added. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chase away' in WordNet: 1. chase away, drive out, turn back, drive away, dispel, drive off, run off - (force to go away; used both with concrete and metaphoric meanings; 'Drive away potential burglars'; 'drive away bad thoughts'; 'dispel doubts'; 'The supermarket had to turn back many disappointed customers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType :Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :Chasm :wnsense "chasm1n" ; :wordnet "chasm" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chasm'' is a deep opening in the surface of the Earth that can be on dry land or underwater. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chasm' in WordNet: 1. chasm - (a deep opening in the earth's surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crevice-Topographical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deep ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Chaste :wnsense "chaste1adj" ; :wordnet "chaste" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Chaste'' is a AttributeValue of a Person who refrains from sexual intercourse. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chaste' in WordNet: 1. chaste - (morally pure (especially not having experienced sexual intercourse); 'a holy woman innocent and chaste') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moral . :Chastising :wnsense "castigate1v", "chasten1v", "chastise1v", "correct3v", "objurgate2v" ; :wordnet "castigate", "chasten", "chastise", "correct", "objurgate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chastising'' is a strong ''Scolding''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chastise' in WordNet: 1. chastise, castigate, objurgate, chasten, correct - (censure severely; 'She chastised him for his insensitive remarks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scolding . :Chastity :takesValue :Chaste ; :wnsense "virtue3n" ; :wordnet "virtue" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MoralVirtue'' is an AttributeType that includes those sexual behaviors considered appropriate (by some community), usually meaning refraining from sexual intercourse. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'virtue' in WordNet: 3. virtue, chastity, sexual morality - (morality with respect to sexual relations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoralVirtue . :Chat :wnsense "chat1n", "confab1n", "confabulation1n", "schmoose1n", "schmooze1n" ; :wordnet "chat", "confab", "confabulation", "schmoose", "schmooze" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chat''is an informal ''Conversation'' among a small number of people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chat' in WordNet: 1. chat, confab, confabulation, schmooze, schmoose - (an informal conversation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OralConversation . :Chatter :wnsense "chatter1n", "yack1n", "yak1n", "yakety-yak1n" ; :wordnet "chatter", "yack", "yak", "yakety-yak" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE that the WN noun 'chatter' represented does not have a precisely corresponding verb; the verb 'chatter' represents unimortant informal talking, represented in COSMO by 'Chattering''. This is often used for backgrond conversation by more than a few people in some room but can be for as few as two people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chatter' in WordNet: 1. (2) yak, yack, yakety-yak, chatter, cackle - (noisy talk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OralConversation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Noisy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Chatterbox :wnsense "babbler1n", "chatterbox2n", "chatterer1n", "magpie3n", "prater1n", "spouter1n" ; :wordnet "babbler", "chatterbox", "chatterer", "magpie", "prater", "spouter" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chatterbox'' is a ''Speaker'' who talks excessively. This can be used for talkers of different varieties, from children to adults. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chatterbox' in WordNet: 2. chatterer, babbler, prater, chatterbox, magpie, spouter - (an obnoxious and foolish and loquacious talker) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Talkative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Chattering :wnsense "chaffer2v", "chat1v", "chatter3v", "chew the fat1v", "chitchat1v", "claver1v", "confab1v", "confabulate2v", "gossip1v", "jaw1v", "natter1v", "shoot the breeze1v", "visit6v" ; :wordnet "chaffer", "chat", "chatter", "chew the fat", "chitchat", "claver", "confab", "confabulate", "gossip", "jaw", "natter", "shoot the breeze", "visit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chattering\"'' is a ''ChitChat'' (light informal ''Conversation'') among people who are conversing for relaxation, about unimportant topics. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chatter' in WordNet: 3. (1) chew the fat, shoot the breeze, chat, confabulate, confab, chitchat, chatter, chaffer, natter, gossip, jaw, claver, visit - (talk socially without exchanging too much information; \"the men were sitting in the cafe and shooting the breeze\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChitChat, :HangingOutWithFriends, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unimportant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Chauffeur :guid "bd58d87a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chauffeur1n" ; :wordnet "chauffeur" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: Person whose job is to drive important people/people with bucks around in big cars. COSMO: also applied to the driver of a rented limousine, but not a taxi. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chauffeur' in Wordnet: 1. chauffeur - (a man paid to drive a privately owned car) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Driver-TransportationProfessional . :Chauvinism :wnsense "chauvinism1n", "jingoism2n", "superpatriotism1n", "ultranationalism1n" ; :wordnet "chauvinism", "jingoism", "superpatriotism", "ultranationalism" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chauvinism'' is an exaggerated ''Patriotism'' that considers one's own country so superior to others that the others may be scorned. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chauvinism' in WordNet: 1. chauvinism, jingoism, superpatriotism, ultranationalism - (fanatical patriotism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nationalism, :Patriotism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chauvinistic ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chauvinist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Chauvinist :wnsense "chauvinist2n", "flag-waver1n", "hundred-percenter1n", "jingo1n", "jingoist1n", "patrioteer1n" ; :wordnet "chauvinist", "flag-waver", "hundred-percenter", "jingo", "jingoist", "patrioteer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chauvinist'' is a type of ''Patriot'' whose feelings for superiority of his/her own country are greatly exaggerated, prompting scorn for other countries. (Other types of 'chauvinist' such as 'male chauvinist' are not yet represented) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chauvinist' in WordNet: 2. chauvinist, jingoist, jingo, flag-waver, hundred-percenter, patrioteer - (an extreme bellicose nationalist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Patriot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chauvinism ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Chauvinistic :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Chauvinism ; :wnsense "chauvinistic2adj", "flag-waving1adj", "jingoistic1adj", "superpatriotic1n", "ultranationalistic1adj" ; :wordnet "chauvinistic", "flag-waving", "jingoistic", "superpatriotic", "ultranationalistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chauvinistic'' is the attribute of someone experiencing ''Chauvinism'', an exaggerated form of ''Patriotism''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'chauvinistic' in Wordnet: 2. chauvinistic, flag-waving, jingoistic, nationalistic, ultranationalistic, superpatriotic - (fanatically patriotic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Patriotic . :Cheap :ldoce "cheap" ; :wnsense "cheap1adj" ; :wordnet "cheap" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'cheap' is an intensive specialization of 'Inexpensive'; something that is 'Cheap' may cost even less than something similar that is Inexpensive - but this is not a universal usage. NOTE: both RHW and WordNet have 'cheap' as a synonym of 'inexpensive', but in COSMO there is a slight difference reflecting a difference in observed usage.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inexpensive . :Cheapskate :wnsense "cheapskate1n", "tightwad1n" ; :wordnet "cheapskate", "tightwad" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cheapskate''is a ''Person'' who looks for the least expensive things that s/he wants to buy, and is reluctant to spend money that would benefit others. NOTE: the difference between a ''Cheapskate'' and a ''Miser' is that the ''Cheapskate'' will spend money on things s/he wants, but spends more than the usual time looking for the cheapest prices and ways to avoid spending money; the ''Cheapskate'' is notoriously reluctant to spend money on other people.. The WN Gloss exagerates for this purpose - a ''Miser'' is miserly , a ''Cheapskate'' is more than average ''Frugal'' but not to the extent of a ''Miser''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheapskate' in WordNet: 1. cheapskate, tightwad - (a miserly person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Saver . :Cheating :en "cheating" ; :guid "c0021396-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cheat" ; :wnsense "cheat3v", "chisel1v" ; :wordnet "cheat", "chisel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all actions in which one agent breaks some rule without being penalized or otherwise adversely affected. This generally entails that at least one other agent is deceived into thinking that the cheater has abided by the rules. If the cheater is discovered and penalized for the #$Cheating, then the action is an instance not of #$Cheating, but of (#$AttemptingFn #$Cheating). 'Cheatig' a person out of money or other vauables is represented under ''Deluding''. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'cheat' in WordNet, but may be broader, as this includes cheating on examinations and cheating at games by violating rules, usually surreptitiously. in WordNet: 3. (1) cheat, chisel - (engage in deceitful behavior; practice trickery or fraud; 'Who's chiseling on the side?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deceiving . :Check-TenderObject :guid "bd58cea8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "check", "cheque" ; :wnsense "check1n", "cheque1n" ; :wordnet "check", "cheque" ; a :MoneyType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$Check-TenderObject is a financial instrument, drawn on a particular #$CheckingAccount at some instance of #$FinancialOrganization (q.v.), which is redeemable for a monetary value by the agent who is the payee. The financial organization pays the payee funds from the account, upon proper presentation of the check. See also #$SaleByCheck. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'check' in WordNet: 1. (18) check, bank check, cheque - (a written order directing a bank to pay money; 'he paid all his bills by check') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialAccountTenderObject, :Form-StandardizedIBO, :IDDocument, :Paper-IBO, :SheetOfPaper . :CheckList :wnsense "checklist1n" ; :wordnet "checklist" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The items represented on a ''CheckList'' can be of almost any type, dependng only on the task for which the checklist is created. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checklist' in WordNet: 1. (5) checklist - (a list of items (names or tasks etc.) to be checked or consulted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImportantThing ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrecautionAgainstOverlookingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :CheckOutProcedure :wnsense "check-out procedure1n", "check6n", "checkout1n" ; :wordnet "check", "check-out procedure", "checkout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CheckOutProcedure'' is a careful examination.and review of the state of equipment prior to using it, especially when failures or malfunctions during use could cause serious problems. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'check-out procedure' in WordNet: 1. check, checkout, check-out procedure - (the act of inspecting or verifying; 'they made a check of their equipment'; 'the pilot ran through the check-out procedure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CheckingSomething, :Inspection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thoroughgoing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CheckerPiece :wnsense "checker1n" ; :wordnet "checker" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of the discoid pieces about one inch in diameter, designed to be used in the game of checkers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checker' in WordNet: 3. checker - (one of the flat round pieces used in playing the game of checkers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameChip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Checkers :wnsense "checkers1n" ; :wordnet "checkers" ; a :GameType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The game of checkers, as played on a ChessBoard, by two players, each player starting with 12 pieces (marble-sized dics) of a single type but of different colors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checkers' in Wordnet: 1. checkers, draughts - (a checkerboard game for two players who each have 12 pieces; the object is to jump over and so capture the opponent's pieces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoardGame . :CheckingAccount :guid "bd5898cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "checking account1n" ; :wordnet "checking account" ; a :AccountType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BankAccount that does allows demand withdrawals, in contrast to a 'SavingsAccount' which does not. NOTE that financial rules change and it may be possibl at some time that one may write a 'check' on some kind of account other than a 'CheckingAccount'. For now (rev 1027) writing a 'PersonalCheck' requires having a 'CheckingAccount' to draw from. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checking account' in WordNet: 1. checking account - (a bank account against which the depositor can drawn checks payable on demand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BankAccount, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Money ; owl:onProperty :isThePlaceOfOriginOf ] . :CheckingOutPurchases :en "paying for purchases" ; :wnsense "check out5v" ; :wordnet "check out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CheckingOutPurchases'' is the last phase of ''Shopping'' at one retail establishment. NOTE: this Action includes both aspects, buying and selling, from the perspective of seller and customer. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'check out' in WordNet: 5. check out - (record, add up, and receive payment for items purchased; \"She was checking out the apples that the customer had put on the conveyer belt\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailPurchase ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shopping ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buying ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :CheckingSomething :guid "bf234ab3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "check" ; :wnsense "check1v", "check2n", "check2v", "check3n", "check3v" ; :wordnet "check" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of 'Investigation' in which an Agent performs some action to determine whether some situation is true - e.g., to see if something is in an expected place. The action usually involves some Looking event, but may not (listening or feeling or tasting may suffice). A 'CheckingSomething' necessarily requires some form of 'Observation' (by any sense or instrument), so it is a subtype of 'Observation'. The difference between a 'CheckingSomething' and other kinds of 'Investigation' is that in a 'CheckingSomething' the truth or falsity of some specific anticipated state is being determined, whereas in 'Investigation' generally there may be unknown or unanticipated possibilities that cannot be answered by a simple true-false distinction. In Cyc called 'CheckingWhetherConditionObtains': Cyc: A collection of events in which an agent evaluates whether or not some condition obtains. For example, checking whether it is raining outside, checking whether the door is locked. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 and noun senses 2 and 6 of 'check' in WordNet: WN verb 'check': 1. (28) check, check up on, look into, check out, suss out, check over, go over, check into - (examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition; 'check the brakes'; 'Check out the engine') 2. (7) check - (make an examination or investigation; 'check into the rumor'; 'check the time of the class') 3. (6) see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain, assure - (be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; 'He verified that the valves were closed'; 'See that the curtains are closed'; 'control the quality of the product') WN noun 'check': 2. (5) assay, check - (an appraisal of the state of affairs; 'they made an assay of the contents'; 'a check on its dependability under stress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationGathering, :Investigation, :Observing . :CheckingUpOnSomething :wnsense "check into1v", "check out1v", "check over1v", "check up on1v", "check1v", "go over2v", "look into2v", "suss out1v" ; :wordnet "check", "check into", "check out", "check over", "check up on", "go over", "look into", "suss out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This Action ''CheckingUpOnSomething'' is usedmostly for cheking the condition of ArtifactObjects, but is intended to be broad and can include exploring regions and doing medical testing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'check up on' in WordNet: 1. check, check up on, look into, check out, suss out, check over, go over, check into - (examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition; 'check the brakes'; 'Check out the engine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingSomething, :Evaluating . :CheckoutCounter :wnsense "checkout counter1n", "checkout3n" ; :wordnet "checkout", "checkout counter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CheckoutCounter'' is a 'Counter' in a 'SuperMarket'' or other large retail store where the cashier ('checkout clerk') accepts payments for purcchases. cash register, register Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'checkout counter' in WordNet: 1. checkout, checkout counter - (a counter in a supermarket where you pay for your purchases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Counter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CheckingOutPurchases ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CashRegister ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supermarket ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :Checkpoint :wnsense "checkpoint1n" ; :wordnet "checkpoint" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Checkpoint'' is a location adjacent to some physical path, whether a Roadway or just a footpath, otside or inside a tructure (such as an airplane terminal), where the travelers are interrogated or inspected to assre that they are there legitimately and not carrying any prohibited cargo or baggage. Includes but is broader than (includes checkpoints inside a country and at airport security ponts in airport terminals) of noun sense 1 of 'checkpoint' in WordNet: 1. checkpoint - (a place (as at a frontier) where travellers are stopped for inspection and clearance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StoppingPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Street-RoadwayOnly :Street ) ] ] . :Cheek :guid "bd58b959-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Face ; :ldoce "cheek" ; :wnsense "cheek1n" ; :wordnet "cheek" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'Cheek-Facial' in Cyc. Cyc: Area on face between nose, mouth and ears. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheek' in WordNet: 1. (22) cheek - (either side of the face below the eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Cheekbone :wnsense "cheekbone1n", "jugal bone1n", "malar bone1n", "malar1n", "os zygomaticum1n", "zygomatic bone1n", "zygomatic1n" ; :wordnet "cheekbone", "jugal bone", "malar", "malar bone", "os zygomaticum", "zygomatic", "zygomatic bone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheekbone' in WordNet: 1. (1) cheekbone, zygomatic bone, zygomatic, malar, malar bone, jugal bone, os zygomaticum - (the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skull ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Cheeky :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Nerviness ; :wnsense "brash1adj", "cheeky1adj", "nervy3adj" ; :wordnet "brash", "cheeky", "nervy" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cheeky' in Wordnet: WN adjective 'brash': 1. (1) brash, cheeky, nervy - (offensively bold; 'a brash newcomer disputed the age-old rules for admission to the club'; 'a nervy thing to say') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rude . :Cheerful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Cheerfulness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Sad ; :ldoce "cheerful" ; :wnsense "cheerful1adj" ; :wordnet "cheerful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Cheerfulness. For the sense of 'cheerful' applying to objects, places, or situations that can cause or induce 'Cheerfulness', use 'Cheery'. For being upbeat and pollyanaish, use ''Upbeat''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'cheerful' in WordNet (applied only to people, not things or places): in Wordnet: 1. (4) cheerful - (being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits; 'her cheerful nature'; 'a cheerful greeting'; 'a cheerful room'; 'as cheerful as anyone confined to a hospital bed could be') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Happy . :Cheerfully :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Cheerful ; :wnsense "cheerfully1adv" ; :wordnet "cheerfully" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cheerfully'' is an AdverbialModifierthat characterizes an Action to assert that Person it was performed by the Person in a ''Cheerful'' manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'cheerfully' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cheerfully - (in a cheerful manner; 'he cheerfully agreed to do it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Cheerfulness :guid "bd58b23a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cheer" ; :wnsense "blitheness1n", "cheer2n", "cheerfulness2n", "sunniness2n", "sunshine3n" ; :wordnet "blitheness", "cheer", "cheerfulness", "sunniness", "sunshine" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The emotion characterized by having a spontaneous flow of good spirits as a result of feeling glad or happy or as a result of an equable disposition or of temperament. NOTE: for objects or places that inspire the feeling of 'Cheerfulness', use 'Cheery' - and, linguistically, its nominal form 'cheeriness'. This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cheerfulness' in WordNet: 2. cheerfulness, blitheness - (a feeling of spontaneous good spirits; 'his cheerfulness made everyone feel better') WN NOTE that the word 'cheer' is also used in that sense, but in WordNet WN it seems to be applied only to objects or places that bring cheer: WN noun 'cheer' (also sense 2 of 'cheerfulness'): 2. cheerfulness, cheer, sunniness, sunshine - (the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom; 'flowers added a note of cheerfulness to the drab room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionalState, :Happiness . :Cheerily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Cheery ; :wnsense "cheerily1adv", "pleasantly1adv", "sunnily1adv" ; :wordnet "cheerily", "pleasantly", "sunnily" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Casually'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify an Action Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'cheerily' in Wordnet: 1. pleasantly, cheerily, sunnily - (in a cheerful manner; \" 'I'll do the dishes,' he said pleasantly \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Cheering :en "cheering" ; :guid "bd58b130-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cheer" ; :wnsense "cheer2v" ; :wordnet "cheer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Expressing approval loudly and enthusiastically by shouting expressions such as 'Hooray' or other approving words; esp. by audiences at performance events, including at sports events where the cheers are also intended to encourage the athletes. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'cheer' in WordNet: 2. (1) cheer - (show approval or good wishes by shouting; 'everybody cheered the birthday boy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingApproval, :IBTGeneration, :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, :Shouting, :ShowingSupportForSomething, :Vocalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cheerleader :guid "c1006f17-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cheerleader2n" ; :wordnet "cheerleader" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all cheerleaders. Instances need not be instances of #$YoungPerson, for example, cheerleaders for professional sports teams. NOTE: in CYC this is Female, but some Cheerleaders are male. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cheerleader' in WordNet: 2. cheerleader - (someone who leads the cheers by spectators at a sporting event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, :Entertainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cheerleading ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Cheerleading :en "cheerleading" ; :guid "becb2026-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cheerlead1v" ; :wordnet "cheerlead" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cheerlead' in WordNet: 1. cheerlead - (act as a cheerleader in a sports event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoordinatedBodyMovement, :EncouragingCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shouting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SportsEvent ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cheering ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cheering ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AudienceOfSpectators ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ] . :Cheery :hasTheAttributeNominalForm "ENG_cheeriness"^^xsd:string ; :ldoce "cheerful" ; :wnsense "cheerful1adj", "cheery1adj" ; :wordnet "cheerful", "cheery" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Cheery' (being Cheery = having 'cheeriness') is an AttributeValue that something (an object, place, or situation) has when it tends to induce 'Cheerfulness' in people who observe it. Linguistically to 'have cheeriness' is to be 'cheery', so this concept is represented only in the attribute form, and the nominative 'cheeriness' is referenced to the adjectival by the relation 'hasTheAttributeNominalForm'. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'cheery' in Random House Webster: 2: causing or suggesting cheerfulness: 'cheery music' This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cheery' and part of sense 1 of 'cheerful ('promoting cheer') in Wordnet: WN adj 'cheery': 1. (5) cheery, gay, sunny - (bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer; 'a cheery hello'; 'a gay sunny room'; 'a sunny smile') WN adj 'cheerful': 1. (4) cheerful - (being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits; 'her cheerful nature'; 'a cheerful greeting'; 'a cheerful room'; 'as cheerful as anyone confined to a hospital bed could be') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pleasant . :Cheese :guid "bd58ce01-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Protein ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Milk ; :wnsense "cheese1n" ; :wordnet "cheese" ; a :FondueConstituentType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A product made from milk. The cheese protein is coagulated, separated from the rest of the liquid, and hardened to some degree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheese' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cheese - (a solid food prepared from the pressed curd of milk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DairyProduct, :Mixture, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protein ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Cheeseburger :guid "629844e8-9e14-41d8-8801-c4c6800aad43" ; :wnsense "cheeseburger1n" ; :wordnet "cheeseburger" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An instance of #$SpecifiedFoodDishType. Each instance of #$Cheeseburger is a #$HamburgerSandwich which includes #$Cheese. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'cheeseburger' in WordNet (in WN cheese is melted - does it have to be a slice?): in WordNet: 1. cheeseburger - (a hamburger with melted cheese on it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hamburger, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SliceOfCheese ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Cheesecake :guid "c0ec223a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cheesecake1n" ; :wordnet "cheesecake" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Cheesecakes. These are rich, dense cakes atop a crumb crust, made with cream cheese and sometimes flavored with chocolate or fruit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheesecake' in WordNet: 1. cheesecake - (made with sweetened cream cheese and eggs and cream baked in a crumb crust) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cake . :Cheetah :guid "bd58c452-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cheetah1n" ; :wordnet "cheetah" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Fastest of the BigCats. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cheetah' in WordNet: 1. cheetah, chetah, Acinonyx jubatus - (long-legged spotted cat of Africa and southwestern Asia having nonretractile claws; the swiftest mammal; can be trained to run down game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BigCat . :Chef :wnsense "chef1n" ; :wordnet "chef" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A professional ''Cook' who overses the preparation of food in some Organization (not just at home). This is the Person,not the occupation Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chef' in WordNet: 1. chef - (a professional cook) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cook, :Person, :Professional-Adult, :SkilledWorker, :TradeWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Chelation :wnsense "chelation1n", "chelation2n" ; :wordnet "chelation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ChemicalInteraction in which one substance in solution forms a tight association with a metal ion by forming two or more coordinate bonds with the metal ion; the bonds are not typically covalent (ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, or charge-transfer). A subtype of this interaction used in medicine is 'chelation therapy' using a chelating agent to remove metal ions from the body. Includes both senses of noun 'chelation' and sense 1 of verb 'chelate' in WordNet: 1. chelation - ((medicine) the process of removing a heavy metal from the bloodstream by means of a chelate as in treating lead or mercury poisoning) 2. chelation - (the process of forming a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds) WN verb 'chelate': 1. chelate - (form a chelate, in chemistry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalInteraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalIon ] . :Chemical :pertainsTo :ChemicalFormula, :ChemicalReaction, :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, :Chemistry ; :wnsense "chemical1adj" ; :wordnet "chemical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chemical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Chemistry'' and ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' and other entities involving the interactions of substances that create, transform, or modify ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance''s. 'chemical composition'; 'chemical additive' Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'chemical' in WordNet: 1. (27) chemical, chemic - (relating to or used in chemistry; 'chemical engineer'; 'chemical balance') 2. (6) chemical - (of or made from or using substances produced by or used in reactions involving atomic or molecular changes; 'chemical fertilizer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ChemicalAttack :guid "be5a10f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a chemical weapon is used against a #$PartiallyTangible target. SUMO: An attack against people or property in which a chemical agent is used as the active ingredient of the attack. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fight-Physical, :WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalWeapon ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :ChemicalBonding :wnsense "affinity1n", "bond1n", "chemical attraction1n", "chemical bond1n" ; :wordnet "affinity", "bond", "chemical attraction", "chemical bond" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChemicalBonding'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' generated between two ''Atom''s due to a complex quantum mechanical penomenon involving the energy levels of electrons in the orbits of atoms separated and near to each other.. This includes not only covalent bonds, but van der Waals attractions and ionic 'bonds'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemical bond' in WordNet: 1. (20) chemical bond, bond - (an electrical force linking atoms) WN noun 'chemical attraction': 1. affinity, chemical attraction - (the force attracting atoms to each other and binding them together in a molecule; 'basic dyes have an affinity for wool and silk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractiveForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AtomicNucleus ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electron ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ] . :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType :guid "bd40a83e-da13-41d6-9955-dc363ad8ec02" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$ChemicalSubstanceType. Each instance of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies is a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible whose instances are defined _only_ by their chemical composition - not by their physical state or any other property. Instances of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies are collections whose instances are completely uniform with each other in terms of chemical structure, e.g., #$Water, #$Caffeine, and #$IronOxide. This collection does not include the chemical elements - such as #$Carbon and #$Oxygen, since there can be multiple types that molecules can be formed out of a single element, e.g. O2 and #$Ozone. Use the broader collection, #$ChemicalSubstanceType, for substances which have a general chemical specification, that is, whose instances do not have exactly the same chemical composition but fall within certain specifications, e.g., #$DNAStuff.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSubstanceType . :ChemicalDecomposition :guid "c13f8497-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ChemicalDecomposition is a ChemicalTransformationEvent in which one PhysicalSubstance decomposes into one or more Substances of different composition. A single molecule may decompose into another single molecule, as in the case where a protein denatures into a different three-dimensional form, but most decompositions give rise to more than one product. Cases where a solvent (such as water) is a reactant (such as in the case of hydrolysis) may behave kinetically as though they were a decomposition, but are categorized as chemical reactions, not decompositions in COSMO. NOTE: In Cyc and SUMO Combustion is considered as a 'decomposition', so simple decompositions involving only one reactant are conflated with reactions involving more than one reactant. The essence in SUMO and Cyc seems to be that one chemical is broken down into multiple parts rather than undergoing a clean simple reaction. We leave it that way in COSMO for the moment (v0.36), and will create a more detailed classifiation of reactions in the future. See 'Combustion' as a subtype. A polymerization, such as in making polyethylene, involves a single starting substance, but is not a decomposition because the product is not of lower or identical molecular weight. Since more than one molecule reacts in a polymerization (even if it is of the same chemical species), a polymerization is a reaction. Cyc: A collection of events in which a #$ChemicalObject is broken down into other instances of a different type. In a simple decomposition, one #$ChemicalObject breaks down into two simpler substances, for example, #$Water decomposes into #$Hydrogen and #$Oxygen. In a double decomposition, two compounds recombine to form two different compound types. SUMO: The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which a CompoundSubstance breaks down into simpler products.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalTransformationEvent, :Decaying . :ChemicalElement :guid "bd5908b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chemical element1n", "element2n" ; :wordnet "chemical element", "element" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance which is a chemical element, for which the unit is an atom; each atom of a ChemicalElement has the same number of protons in its nucleus. In Cyc called 'ElementStuff'. Note that this type includes elemental substances that have more than one isotope. For isotopically pure elements, use the subtype 'Isotope'. @ToDo: The restriction specifying that every ChemicalElement hasUnitObject Atom is not exactly in the form that would allow it to be satisfied by asserting that specific elements have specific atoms as unit objects. This needs to be changed when a more precise restriction can be created in an FOL version. This could be done by creating an 'AtomType' as the range for the relation when used on elements Cyc: An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType and a specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$ElementStuff is a piece of tangible stuff, composed of a quantity of atoms, all of which are of the same chemical element. That is, every atom in a given piece of #$ElementStuff has the same number of protons in its atomic nucleus. For example, all pieces of carbon (i.e. all instances of #$Carbon) are instances of #$ElementStuff. On the other hand, instances of #$Water, because they are all constituted of both #$Hydrogen and #$Oxygen atoms, do not belong to the collection #$ElementStuff. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'element' and sense 1 of 'chemical element' in WordNet: 2. (33) chemical element, element - (any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Atom ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :ChemicalEnergy :wnsense "chemical energy1n" ; :wordnet "chemical energy" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Energy contained in usable form in some quantity of chemical substance. The energy contained may require combusion in air, as for the energy 'available' in coal or gasoline; or, it may be available from chemical reactions contained solely within the object, as the chemical energy in a battery that is converted into eelectrical energy by the battery onfiguration. Also, the chemical energy in a mixture of rocket propellants or in a monopropelland would be chemical energy of a type not requiring combustion in air. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemical energy' in WordNet: 1. (2) chemical energy - (that part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energy . :ChemicalEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of a broad class of Events in which one or more chemical substances change the identity of the substance in some way. This may be as subtle as a change of concentration, or a dilution, without change in the covalent bonds of any substance involved, or adhesion of a substance at the surface of another substance in a manner that forms bonds that may be non-covalent by still require some energy to break. In COSMO we take a broad abstract view of Substances, and even such subtle changes in Substances are here considered as PhysicalTransformationEvents. Because in COSMO, a particular Type of substance at different concentrations is considered as different subtypes of a common substance, their identies differ at different concentrations, and even a dissipation of some gas into a larger volume of space is viewed as destroying one substance and creating another. NOTE that in Cyc PhysicalTransformationEvent and 'PhysicalTransformationProcess' are distinct, but even though in COSMO Events and processes are more differentiated than in Cyc, as of this version (0.36) we are not representing Porcesses separeately from Events, and 'PhysicalTransformationProcess' is omitted. To represent changes in the molecular structure of substances, use the subtype 'ChemicalTransformationEvent'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalTransformationEvent . :ChemicalFormula :hasNamespacePrefix :CHEM_ ; :wnsense "chemical formula1n", "formula4n" ; :wordnet "chemical formula", "formula" ; a :ContextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractString representing the atomic composition for well-defined substances, in which each atomic symbol in the String is followed by an integer, or another atomic symbol (implying the integer '1'). Chemical formulas should use the 'CHEM_' namespace prefix, so as to minimize ambiguity, even if the bare formula appears unambiguous. But sometimes it is easier just to put in the formula showing the number of each type of atom. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemical formula' in WordNet: 1. (1) formula, chemical formula - (a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :ChemicalInteraction :guid "be417f8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chemical process1n" ; :wordnet "chemical process" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which two or more chemical substances come into contact and cause some chemical transformation, which may be as subtle as a non-covalent binding of one substance to the other, without actual change in the covalent bonds of either. In Cyc this general category is not considered to be a 'PhysicalTransformationEvent', but in COSMO we take a different view of Substances, and even such subtle changes in Substances are here considered as PhysicalTransformationEvents. For interactions of two or more substances where some change in the covalent chemical structure of one occurs, use 'ChemicalReaction'. Cyc: This is the class of chemical interactions, events in which molecules of two or more types come into proximity and react in ways determined by their structure. Note that this collection is more general that #$ChemicalReaction since these interactions may not amount to #$PhysicalTransformationEvents. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'chemical process' in WordNet: 1. chemical process, chemical change, chemical action - ((chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalEvent, :Interacting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChemicalSubstanceType ] . :ChemicalIntermediate :wnsense "intermediate1n" ; :wordnet "intermediate" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChemicalIntermediate'' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that is neither the starting material (a ''ChemicalPrecursor'') nor th ''FinalChemicalProduct'' in a series of chemical reactions that are steps in a ''MultistepChemicalSynthesis''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intermediate' in WordNet: 1. (2) intermediate - (a substance formed during a chemical process before the desired product is obtained) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MultistepChemicalSynthesis ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConsumedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MultistepChemicalSynthesis ] . :ChemicalIrritant :wnsense "chemical irritant1n" ; :wordnet "chemical irritant" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specialized, and Included just to complete level 4 of WordNet (2.1.4.47). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refrigerant' in WordNet: 1. chemical irritant - (a substance producing irritation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceRole, :ToxicSubstance . :ChemicalMoiety :wnsense "chemical group1n", "group2n", "radical1n" ; :wordnet "chemical group", "group", "radical" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AtomGroup that is part of a larger Molecule, having some fixed number of certain specific atom types. For example: phosphate group (-H2PO4), carboxyl group (-CO2H), amine group (-NH2). @ToDo: this entity should be defined by a restriction on types, not instances. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'group' in WordNet: 2. (9) group, radical, chemical group - ((chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AtomGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Molecule ] . :ChemicalObject :guid "bd58916a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MicroscopicScaleObject. Each instance of #$ChemicalObject is an object whose behavior is typically described in terms of its outer cloud of #$Electrons. Specializations of #$ChemicalObject include the collections #$Atom, #$Molecule, and #$Ion.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExanimateThing, :MicroscopicScaleObject . :ChemicalObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChemicalObjectType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for plant parts and an argument restriction for various relations on ''ChemicalObject''s. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType . :ChemicalPrecursor :wnsense "precursor1n" ; :wordnet "precursor" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ChemicalPrecursor' is an instance of SubstanceType that is transformed by some chemical modification into another 'SubstanceType in a ChemicalTransformationEvent which could be a a biosynthetic reaction) or in a ''ChemicalSynthesis'' (an intentional synthesizing of some chemical) Action. For a ''MultistepChemicalSynthesis'' this will be one of the compounds that are starting materials, not a ''ChemicalIntermediate'' in that particular ''MultistepChemicalSynthesis''. This is a subtype of the more general 'Reactant'. This is a Role that can be played by some instance of 'ChemicalSubstanceType' in some 'ChemicalTransformationEvent' (a chemical reaction). This is close to the same meaning as 'Reactant', but emphaizes the precursor Role. NOTE that this type is used for 'ChemicallyDefinedSubstance's, in which at least the composition if not the structure of the ChemicalPrecursos is known. NOTE that a substance may be a precursor in multiple different reactions, so the reaction in which the substance is labeled a 'ChemicalPrecursor' needs to be referenced by the 'isaPrecursorInReaction' relation. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'precursor' in WordNet: 1. precursor - (a substance from which another substance is formed (especially by a metabolic reaction)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reactant, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPrecursorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPrecursorInReaction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChemicalTransformationEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalTransformationEvent ; owl:onProperty :isConsumedInEvent ] . :ChemicalPurity :wnsense "pureness1n", "purity1n" ; :wordnet "pureness", "purity" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChemicalPurity'' is a ''RelativeState'' that is a ''Quality'' of substances with the attribute ''Pure''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purity' in WordNet: 1. (5) purity, pureness - (being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, :RelativeState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pure ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :ChemicalReaction :guid "bd589bc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reaction3n" ; :wordnet "reaction" ; a :ChemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'. COSMO note: as in CYC, a chemical 'reaction' involving only one chemical species is represented by the parent type 'ChemicalTransformationEvent'. This can be used to represent a series of reactions, which can be represented by a Group of 'ChemicalReaction's. As of rev1127 no generic group of CHemicalReactions is defined, but 'Metabolizing' is considered as a Group of one or more ChemicalReactions. The restriction requires that an sinstance of this type specify at least one substance that was changed (including created) in this Event. NOTE that this type is not an ActionType and does not require that an IntentionalAgent control the reaction. For that, see 'ChemicalSynthesis'. CYC: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$PhysicalTransformationEvent. Each instance of #$ChemicalReaction is an event in which two or more substances undergo a chemical change, i.e., some portions of the substances involved are transformed into different #$ChemicalSubstanceTypes. The transformations are brought about by purely chemical (including biochemical) means which affect chemical bonds between atoms in the molecules of stuff, rather than by physical means, biological means, or purposeful planning, etc. Examples of #$ChemicalReaction: instances of #$CombustionProcess; instances of #$Photosynthesis-Generic. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'reaction' in WordNet: 3. (137) chemical reaction, reaction - ((chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; 'there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalInteraction, :ChemicalTransformationEvent, :PhysicalReaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :ChemicalReactionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some class of '''ChemicalReaction''' as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :EventType . :ChemicalReactor :en "reactor" ; :wnsense "chemical reactor1n" ; :wordnet "chemical reactor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChemicalReactor' is a ''Vat'' that is used for industrial or developmental scale chemical processes including chemical reactions and extraction processes. No WN sense for this type. RHW sense 5 of 'reactor': 5. Chem. (esp. in industry) a large container, as a vat, for processes in which the substances involved undergo a chemical reaction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemical reactor' in WordNet: 1. chemical reactor - (an apparatus for holding substances that are undergoing a chemical reaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalSynthesis ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ChemicalSequence a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChemicalSequence'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that is a subtype of ''Sequence'' in which the individual component members are ''ChemicalMoiety''s of some type common among the members. The most common type of ''ChemicalSequence'' is the 'polypeptide' that is the unit object of a ''Polymer'', e.g. one molecule of a Protein. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Molecule, :Sequence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AtomGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ChemicalSubstanceType :guid "bd58cd95-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ChemicallyDefinedSubstance as their argument. Cyc: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. Each instance of #$ChemicalSubstanceType is a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible whose instances are defined _only_ by their chemical composition - not by their physical state or any other property. Instances of #$ChemicalSubstanceType can be of two varieties: (1) Collections whose instances are completely uniform with each other in terms of chemical composition; this includes (a) the chemical elements - such as #$Carbon, #$Oxygen, and #$Hydrogen - which are instances of #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons (thus, the latter is a specialization of #$ChemicalSubstanceType), and (b) chemical compounds constituted of more than one substance chemically bonded, e.g., #$Water, #$Caffeine, and #$IronOxide, which are instances of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies (2) Substances which have a general chemical specification, that is, whose instances do not have exactly the same chemical composition but fall within certain specifications, e.g., #$DNAStuff. Note that collections that are _not_ instances of #$ChemicalSubstanceType include collections of substances which have some component which is of overriding significance in some context, so that in everyday language such substances are frequently referred to by the name of their important component (e.g., penicillin applied to a tablet containing penicillin), but which have significant admixtures of other substances. Thus, #$Penicillin is an instance of #$ChemicalSubstanceType, but the collection of tablets containing penicillin and including other ingredients is not. Also, specializations of #$Mixture, such as #$Lemonade, are _not_ instances of #$ChemicalSubstanceType, because mixtures are determined by their physical state rather than solely by their chemical composition.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType, :SubstanceType . :ChemicalSynthesis :guid "beea1bd7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "synthesis1n", "synthesize1v" ; :wordnet "synthesis", "synthesize" ; a :ChemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ChemicalSynthesis is an Event in which some quantity of PhysicalSubstance is created as the *intentional* action of an Agent. This term is usually applied to synthesis of relatively pure compounds, but that is not required for instances of this type. To represent the steps in a multi-step synthesis, use 'ReactionChain' to list the order of appearances of substances. NOTE: for chemical reactions that are not intentionally caused by an Agent, use the parent 'ChemicalReaction' or (for single-substance transformations) its parent 'ChemicalEvent' . Cyc: The collection of processes by which chemical compounds are created (usually out of simpler chemical compounds). SUMO: The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which a CompoundSubstance is formed from simpler reactants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synthesis' and part of verb sense 1 of 'synthesize' in WordNet: 1. (7) synthesis - (the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)) WN verb 'synthesize' 1. (3) synthesize, synthesise - (combine so as to form a more complex, product; 'his operas synthesize music and drama in perfect harmony') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalReaction, :Combining, :PhysicalSynthesis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom :SyntheticSubstance ] . :ChemicalTransformationEvent :appearsInAxioms """(=> (and (instance ?PROC ChemicalTransformationEvent) (or (resource ?PROC ?STUFF) (result ?PROC ?STUFF))) (instance ?STUFF PureSubstance))""" ; :wnsense "chemical reaction1n", "reaction3n" ; :wordnet "chemical reaction", "reaction" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which one or more chemical substances change the identity of the substance by changing the internal molecular structure. When two or more substance interact, use the more specialized subtype 'ChemicalReaction'. In the case of ionic substances, mere mixture in solution is not a ChemicalTransformationEvent, but if a mixing of ionic substances causes precipitation of a substance that was not present at the beginning, (e.g. mixing sodium chloride solution with silver nitrate solution and precipitating silver chloride) that would be a ChemicalTransformationEvent. A ChemicalTransformationEvent can be caused by mere heating of a substance, or in the case of unstable substances, the chemical transformation may proceed without any change in the environment of the substance. Similar to SUMO 'ChemicalProcess': SUMO: A ChemicalProcess occurs whenever chemical compounds (CompoundSubstances) are formed or decomposed. For example, reactants disappear as chemical change occurs, and products appear as chemical change occurs. In a chemical change a chemical reaction takes place. Catalysts in a ChemicalProcess may speed up the reaction, but aren't themselves produced or consumed. Examples: rusting of iron and the decomposition of water, induced by an electric current, to gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen. SUMO: (partition ChemicalProcess ChemicalSynthesis ChemicalDecomposition). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'reaction' in WordNet: 3. (137) chemical reaction, reaction - ((chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; 'there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalEvent . :ChemicalWeapon :guid "bdc6da3b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chemical weapon1n" ; :wordnet "chemical weapon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Weapons containing #$HarmfulChemicalSubstances; typically used in warfare or to subdue large groups of civilians, as in riots. #$ChemicalWeapons may temporarily disable humans, as with those containing #$TearGas, or may result in serious burns, paralysis or death. SUMO: Weapons that damage or destroy Organisms by means of a ChemicalAgent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemical weapon' in WordNet: 1. chemical weapon - (chemical substances that can be delivered using munitions and dispersal devices to cause death or severe harm to people and animals and plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalWeapon . :ChemicallyBasic :contrastsWith :ChemicallyBasic, :ChemicallyNeutral ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalSubstance ; :wnsense "basic4adj" ; :wordnet "basic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChemicallyBasic'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that asserts that the thing described has the pH raising capability of a ''ChemicallyBasicSubstance''. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'basic' in WordNet: 4. (2) basic - (of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ChemicallyBasicSubstance :en "ChemicalBase", "chemical base", "chemically basic substance" ; :guid "11c2c6d4-0ad6-11d6-8000-0050dac4bdee" ; :ldoce "base" ; :wnsense "alkali1n", "base1n" ; :wordnet "alkali", "base" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance that can neutralize an acidic substance, usually by combining with a dissociable proton from the acid to form water or a stable cation, or can at least acceopt a proton. Sodium hydroxide (lye) and ammonia are inorganic examples, Aniline is an organic chemical example. Basicity, like acidity, is a quantitative attribute, and there are weaker and stronger bases. NOTE that the mere acceptance of a proton (e.g. by an amino group) puts a chemical in this category, even though it may lower the pH of an aqueous solution. This is a property of chemical combination capability, not of pH effects. See AminoAcid for something that is both basic and acidic. NOTE that to be basic it is not necessary to be chemically defined. Soils can be acidic or basic. SUMO seems to require chemical definition, but in COSMO this category is broader. In SUMO called 'ChemicalBase' SUMO: A CompoundSubstance that is capable of reacting with an ''Acid'' and forming a ChemicalSalt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'base' in WordNet: 1. (11) base, alkali - (any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water; 'bases include oxides and hydroxides of metals and ammonia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance :guid "bd58864a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "compound" ; :wnsense "chemical compound1n", "chemical substance1n", "chemical1n", "compound1n" ; :wordnet "chemical", "chemical compound", "chemical substance", "compound" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ChemicallyDefinedSubstance is a PhysicalSubstance that is defined by its chemical composition. The specialized types will have a relatively well-defined composition, though the higher level catagories may have significant variation in the exact chemical composition, such as 'Rubber' or 'Alloy'. Substances that are commonly thought of as relatively defined, even though they are mixtures such as Ivory and gemstone substances, are also subtypes of this Type. In Cyc labeled 'TangibleStuffCompositionType'. Cyc: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$ExistingStuffType. Instances are subcollections of #$PartiallyTangible whose membership is based only on the physical and/or chemical composition of their instances. #$TangibleStuffCompositionType does not have as instances collections whose instances are determined _solely_ by the physical state they are in - for that, see #$TangibleStuffStateType. However, many substances that chemically break down before melting (e.g. #$FattyTissue) _are_ included in this collection, even though they exist solely in one physical state. The collection #$Water is an instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType, as instances of #$Water are all pieces of substance with the chemical composition H20. On the other hand , the collection of all pieces of ice (i.e. (#$SolidFn #$Water)) is not a #$TangibleStuffCompositionType, because membership in that collection depends on the substance's composition _and_ on its physical state. #$TalcumPowder is not an instance of this collection because a fused mass of the substance would no longer be powder, but would still be of the same #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. Further instances of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType are #$Nylon, #$GasolineFuel, #$FattyTissue, #$Nitrogen, and #$Glass. An important specialization of this collection is #$ChemicalSubstanceType - those substance types defined solely by their chemical formulae. Includes noun sense 1 of 'compound' and noun sense 1 of 'chemical' in WordNet: 1. (34) compound, chemical compound - ((chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight) WN noun 'chemical': 1. (10) chemical, chemical substance - (produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :ChemicallyNeutral :contrastsWith :Acidic, :ChemicallyBasic ; :en "neutral" ; :enadj "neutral" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChemicallyNeutral'' is a property ofsubstances that are neither acidic nor basic. This type could use a pH value relation - a DatatypeProperty could work. NoWN sense; RHW adjective 'neutral': 8. Chem. exhibiting neither acid nor alkaline qualities: neutral salts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inactive, :IntensiveAttributeValue . :ChemicallyReactive :isAnAttributeValueOf :ChemicalSubstanceType ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inert ; :wnsense "reactive1adj" ; :wordnet "reactive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChemicallyReactive'' is a form of ''Unstable'' characterizing chemical substances or mixtures that are able to 'react' that readily react chemically with (at least some) other substances without using heat or other forcing factors such as radiation or pressure, or to spontaneously decompose (this latter should be a subtype or sibling type).. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reactive' in Wordnet: 1. reactive - (participating readily in reactions; 'sodium is a reactive metal'; 'free radicals are very reactive') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unstable . :Chemise :ldoce "slip" ; :wnsense "chemise1n", "shift9n", "shimmy2n", "slip11n", "teddy2n" ; :wordnet "chemise", "shift", "shimmy", "slip", "teddy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ @ToDo: Covers chest and waist. This needs to be added as a restriction. A 'teddy' has a short bottom part - perhaps should be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemise' in WordNet: 1. chemise, shimmy, shift, slip, teddy - (a woman's sleeveless undergarment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Underwear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleeveless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Chemist :guid "bd58caae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chemist1n" ; :wordnet "chemist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A scientist trained in Chemistry. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemist' in Wordnet: 1. (26) chemist - (a scientist who specializes in chemistry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chemistry ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Chemistry :hasSubjectOfStudy :ChemicalEnergy, :ChemicalEvent, :ChemicalObject, :SubstanceType ; :ldoce "chemistry" ; :wnsense "chemistry1n" ; :wordnet "chemistry" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ the science concerned with studying the structure of substances, the events that cause them to change, and the way they combine and interact with each other, and the effects of certain influences such as temperature and pressure on the properties of substances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemistry' in WordNet: 1. (32) chemistry, chemical science - (the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chemist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :ChemoReceptiveSensor :en "chemo-receptive sensor", "chemoreceptive sensor" ; :guid "bd58db3d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sensors that detect molecules or properties of molecules. This includes artifacts as well as sense organs and molecules at the surface of Cells that act to sense other molecules in the environment. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :detects ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :Chemotherapeutic :pertainsTo :Chemotherapy ; :wnsense "chemotherapeutic1adj", "chemotherapeutical1adj" ; :wordnet "chemotherapeutic", "chemotherapeutical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pertaining to 'Chemotherapy' and chemotherapeutic drugs.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chemotherapeutic' in Wordnet: 1. chemotherapeutic, chemotherapeutical - (of or relating to chemotherapy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Chemotherapy :guid "bd58a39c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chemotherapy1n" ; :wordnet "chemotherapy" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is broader than the CYC entry -not just for cancer, for mental illness can be at home. CYC: Chemical treatment of cancer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chemotherapy' in WordNet: 1. chemotherapy - (the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugTherapy . :Cherished :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CherishingSomething ; :ldoce "precious" ; :wnsense "cherished1adj", "precious1adj", "treasured1adj", "wanted2adj" ; :wordnet "cherished", "precious", "treasured", "wanted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of things that are considered (by their possesor or potential possessor) to have a high degree of positive value, for reasons other than monetary value. @ToDo: how is this related to 'loved'? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 'cherished' and sense 1 of 'precious' in WordNet: 1. (7) cherished, precious, treasured, wanted - (characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for; 'a cherished friend'; 'children are precious'; 'a treasured heirloom'; 'so good to feel wanted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Valuable . :CherishingSomething :hasContrastingFeeling :Dislike ; :wnsense "care for2v", "cherish1v", "hold dear1v", "treasure2v" ; :wordnet "care for", "cherish", "hold dear", "treasure" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cherish' in WordNet: 1. (13) care for, cherish, hold dear, treasure - (be fond of; be attached to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Love . :Cherokee :en "Cherokee" ; :enadj "Cherokee" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cherokee'' is the attribute pertaining to a \"CherokeePerson'' or the 'CherokeeLanguage''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CherokeeLanguage :wnsense "Cherokee1n" ; :wordnet "Cherokee" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Cherokee' in WordNet: 1. (1) Cherokee - (the Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalLanguage . :CherokeePerson :wnsense "Cherokee2n" ; :wordnet "Cherokee" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Cherokee'' is a person who is a member of or descended from the Cherokee tribe of North America. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Cherokee' in WordNet: 2. Cherokee - (a member of an Iroquoian people formerly living in the Appalachian Mountains but now chiefly in Oklahoma) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmericanIndian . :Cherry :wnsense "cherry3n" ; :wordnet "cherry" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Drupe produced by a CherryTree, typically red. It comes in sweet and sour varieties. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cherry' in Wordnet: 3. cherry - (a red fruit with a single hard stone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :Drupe, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CherryTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Red ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicColor ] . :CherryPie a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pie that has a mixture of Cherries and some sweetened sauce as the PieFilling. This is a baked pie, not the raw unbaked object.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CherryPieFilling ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :CherryPieFilling :hasComponentObjectType :Cherry ; :hasComponentSubstance :Sugar ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CherryPieFilling'' is a PieFilling that contains whole cherries or pieces of Cherry, along with sugar (Sucrose), Cinnamon, and possibly other ingredients, and fills the LowerCrust of an ''CherryPie''. It is baked before serving.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFood, :PieFilling . :CherryTree :guid "c0fbd4ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cherry tree1n", "cherry2n" ; :wordnet "cherry", "cherry tree" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cherry tree' in Wordnet: 1. cherry, cherry tree - (any of numerous trees and shrubs producing a small fleshy round fruit with a single hard stone; many also produce a valuable hardwood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cherry ; owl:onProperty :bearsFruitType ] . :Chess :wnsense "chess2n" ; :wordnet "chess" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ancient game of chess, as played on a ChessBoard, by two players, each player starting with 16 pieces of 6 types. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chess' in Wordnet: 2. chess, chess game - (a board game for two players who move their 16 pieces according to specific rules; the object is to checkmate the opponent's king) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoardGame . :ChessBoard :guid "be00b3a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "checkerboard1n", "chessboard1n" ; :wordnet "checkerboard", "chessboard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 8x8 square board that can be used for chess or checkers. This type includes both chessboard and checkerboard (can one tell the difference?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chessboard' in Wordnet: 1. chessboard, chess board - (a checkerboard used to play chess) WN 'checkerboard': 1. checkerboard, checker board - (a board having 64 squares of two alternating colors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameBoard . :ChessPiece :wnsense "chess piece1n", "chessman1n" ; :wordnet "chess piece", "chessman" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of the six types of movable piece used in the game of chess: King, Queen, Knight, Rook (castle) Bishop, pawn. To be an instance of this type the object must be an artifact that was created explictly to serve as one of the recognizable pieces in the game of chess, and must have a shape that allows a typical chess player to recognize what kind of piece it is.There are many styles of chess piece but an instance of this type should not be so idiosyncratic as to be difficult to recognize., Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chess piece' in WordNet: 1. chessman, chess piece - (any of 16 white and 16 black pieces used in playing the game of chess) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GamePiece, :GameToken . :ChessSet :guid "be1ae48e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chess set1n" ; :wordnet "chess set" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of #$ChessSet includes exactly one #$ChessBoard, eight white and eight black pawns, two black and two white of each of these pieces: rook, knight bishop; and one king and one queen of each color (black and white) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chess set' in WordNet: 1. (1) chess set - (checkerboard and a set of 32 pieces used to play chess) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game-EquipmentSet, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChessBoard ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "32" ; owl:hasValue :ChessPiece ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Chest-BodyPart :guid "bd58a415-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "chest" ; :wnsense "chest1n", "pectus1n", "thorax2n" ; :wordnet "chest", "pectus", "thorax" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of the chests of #$Animals. The animal's chest is its #$AnimalBodyPart region located between its neck and its abdomen. For people and many other types of animals, the chest is bounded by (defined by, given shape by) the animal's ribcage. NOTE that this is the entire chest cavity, not just the front part. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chest' in WordNet: 1. (34) thorax, chest, pectus - (the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart . :Chest-Box :guid "bd58cdd0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "chest" ; :wnsense "chest2n" ; :wordnet "chest" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Chest-Box' is a Box with a lid, used for storage and usually more sturdy than a CardboardBox. It may be made out of wood, but may be small. The type of 'chest' that is furniture with drawers is represented by 'ChestOfDrawers', which is not a subtype of this type because it does not have a lid (it has drawers). For a chest of drawers, use 'ChestOfDrawers'. A 'Chest-Box' should be of a minimum size, too large to carry wih one hand (not yet formalized). This is similar to the Cyc 'Chest-PieceOfFurniture': CYC: Basically just the intersection of #$BoxTheContainer and Furniture but it is unclear whether that CYC term is intended to have the same meaning, as a 'Chest-Box' may be used as a piece of luggage for traveling, and in that case is not clearly a piece of furniture. NOTE: this is not a 'chest of drawers' (see 'ChestOfDrawers'), but a simple large box with a built-in lid used as a piece of furniture or luggage. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chest' in WordNet: 2. (1) chest - (box with a lid; used for storage; usually large and sturdy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Box, :HexalateralObject, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainerLid ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :ChestCavity :guid "be153f4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chest cavity1n", "thoracic cavity1n" ; :wordnet "chest cavity", "thoracic cavity" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Chest-BodyPart cavities, or cavities within the thorax, that each contains the #$Lungs, #$Pleura (pleurae), #$Mediastinum, #$Heart, etc. A #$ChestCavity includes its walls, such as the #$RibCage. This is considered to be part of (and therefore located at) a 'Chest-BodyPart'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chest cavity' in WordNet: 1. chest cavity, thoracic cavity - (the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :BodyCavity, :CavityWithWalls, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Chest-BodyPart ] . :ChestOfDrawers :ldoce "chest" ; :wnsense "bureau2n", "chest of drawers1n", "chest3n", "dresser1n" ; :wordnet "bureau", "chest", "chest of drawers", "dresser" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for a 'chest' that has drawers in it; for a simple storage box called a 'chest'use 'Chest-Box. This includes dressers with mirrors on top as well as tall chests with drawers and no mirror; it includes chests of drawers with tall legs ('highboy') as well as short legged or no-legged chests. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chest' in WordNet: 3. chest of drawers, chest, bureau, dresser - (furniture with drawers for keeping clothes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :Object-SupportingFurniture, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drawer ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Chestnut :isDerivedFrom :ChestnutTree ; :wnsense "chestnut3n" ; :wordnet "chestnut" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """edible nut Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'chestnut' in WordNet: 3. chestnut - (edible nut of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleNut, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChestnutTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :ChestnutBlight :wnsense "chestnut blight1n", "chestnut canker1n", "chestnut-bark disease1n" ; :wordnet "chestnut blight", "chestnut canker", "chestnut-bark disease" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chestnut blight' in WordNet: 1. chestnut blight, chestnut canker, chestnut-bark disease - (a disease of American chestnut trees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blight . :ChestnutTree :wnsense "chestnut tree1n", "chestnut2n" ; :wordnet "chestnut", "chestnut tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chestnut tree' in WordNet: 1. chestnut, chestnut tree - (any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn; yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly bur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NutTree . :ChestnutWood :isDerivedFrom :ChestnutTree ; :wnsense "chestnut1n" ; :wordnet "chestnut" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chestnut' in WordNet: 1. chestnut - (wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lumber, :Wood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChestnutTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Chewing :en "chewing" ; :guid "bd58cec3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chew1v", "jaw3v", "manducate1v", "masticate2v" ; :wordnet "chew", "jaw", "manducate", "masticate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Chewing event, foodstuff is mashed in the mouth. An element of #$Chewing consists of a large number of #$Biting sub-events. Anatomical resources required for a #$Chewing are a tongue and whatever hard surfaces the species involved uses for #$Biting, e.g., teeth. The teeth go up and down or grind, and the tongue maneuvers the food around. SUMO: Breaking up or mashing Food with one's teeth. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chew' in Wordnet: 1. (10) chew, masticate, manducate, jaw - (chew (food); 'He jawed his bubble gum'; 'Chew your food and don't swallow it!'; 'The cows were masticating the grass') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SetOfTeeth ; owl:onProperty :requiredBodypart ] . :ChewingGum :wnsense "gum1n" ; :wordnet "gum" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of 'Gum' that is variously flavored sold in small strips and is chewed to enjoy its pleasant taste. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gum' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chewing gum, gum - (a preparation (usually made of sweetened chicle) for chewing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gum, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chewing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Chic :isAnAttributeOfSomethingWithQuality :Stylishness ; :wnsense "chic1adj", "smart2adj", "voguish1adj" ; :wordnet "chic", "smart", "voguish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A QualitativeAttributeValue of People who dress or Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chic, smart, voguish - (elegant and stylish; 'chic elegance'; 'a smart new dress'; 'a suit of voguish cut') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elegant, :Stylish . :Chick :wnsense "chick1n" ; :wordnet "chick" ; a :AgentType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young bird of *any* species. A chick of a domestic chicken is represented as subtype 'ChickenChick'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chick' in Wordnet: 1. (2) chick, biddy - (young bird especially of domestic fowl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird, :JuvenileAnimal . :Chickadee :guid "bd5f38f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chickadee1n" ; :wordnet "chickadee" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: any of several North American birds of the genus Parus, of the titmouse family, esp. P. atricapillus (black-capped chickadee), having the throat and top of the head black. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chickadee' in WordNet: 1. chickadee - (any of various small grey-and-black songbirds of North America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Titmouse . :Chicken :guid "bd59020d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "chicken" ; :wnsense "Gallus gallus1n", "chicken2n" ; :wordnet "Gallus gallus", "chicken" ; a :AgentType, :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A member of the species (Gallus gallus) of domesticated Poultry commonly raised for it meat. Includes both males and females. Cyc: The collection of all chickens (which excludes guinea fowl SUMO: A subclass of Poultry that is raised for its meat and for its eggs. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chicken' in WordNet: 2. (10) chicken, Gallus gallus - (a domestic fowl bred for flesh or eggs; believed to have been developed from the red jungle fowl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Poultry . :ChickenChick :wnsense "chick1n" ; :wordnet "chick" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young domestic chicken. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'chick' in Wordnet: 1. (2) chick, biddy - (young bird especially of domestic fowl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chick, :Chicken . :ChickenCoop :en "chicken house", "chicken-coop", "chicken-house" ; :wnsense "chicken coop1n" ; :wordnet "chicken coop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chicken coop' in Wordnet: 1. chicken coop, coop, hencoop, henhouse - (a farm building for housing poultry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmBuilding, :ShelterConstruction . :ChickenMeat :ldoce "chicken" ; :wnsense "chicken1n" ; :wordnet "chicken" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ChickenMeat as a substance, the kind used as a Food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chicken' in WordNet: 1. (16) chicken, poulet, volaille - (the flesh of a chicken used for food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, :Meat, :SolidFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chicken ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523 :hasMassInGrams "1000"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :DianeCassidy ; a :CookedFoodObject, :FoodOnTheTable . :ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523IsReady :hasSubjectOfState :ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523 ; :isaComponentElementOf :CookingForCassidyDinner20080523 ; :wasCausedBy :ServingChickenParmDinnerDC20080523 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :DianeCassidy ; a :MealIsReady . :ChickenParmagiana :en "chicken parmagiana" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A form of baked chicken with cheese on it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedChicken, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chicken ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cheese ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :ChiefExecutiveOfficer :guid "befbadc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "CEO1n", "chief executive officer1n", "chief operating officer1n" ; :wordnet "CEO", "chief executive officer", "chief operating officer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of people (a subset of #$Person). The #$ChiefExecutiveOfficer is the head of a corporate organization (not necessarily a business, although Cyc's current representation tends to assume a business context). The #$ChiefExecutiveOfficer may or may not be the same #$Person as the #$President-CorporateOfficer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chief executive officer' in WordNet: 1. chief executive officer, CEO, chief operating officer - (the corporate executive responsible for the operations of the firm; reports to a board of directors; may appoint other managers (including a president)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson, :CorporateOfficer, :Executive . :Chigger :guid "c02e1849-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chigger2n", "harvest mite1n", "jigger3n", "redbug1n" ; :wordnet "chigger", "harvest mite", "jigger", "redbug" ; a :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """minute, six-legged, reddish #$Larva of the harvest #$Mite, one of various 'red bugs' widely distributed throughout the world and common in the S United States. Attaching itself by its mouthparts to the skin of its vertebrate host, the chigger injects saliva that destroys cells and may cause an intense irritation known as red-bug dermatitis. The food of the chigger consists of the cellular contents and tissue fluid of the host. Certain Asian species carry minute organisms (rickettsias) that cause scrub typhus, a disease of humans. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chigger' in WordNet: 2. harvest mite, chigger, jigger, redbug - (larval mite that sucks the blood of vertebrates including human beings causing intense irritation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Larva, :Mite . :Child :guid "bd58cf30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "child" ; :wnsense "child1n", "child2n", "kid1n" ; :wordnet "child", "kid" ; a :HumanRoleType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type represents a human ''ChildRole'' - a child - at a young age. CYC ('HumanChild'): A specialization of #$YoungHuman, and an instance of #$HumanTypeByLifeStageType. Each instance of this collection is a human in the childhood stage of life. Functionally, this life stage ends when the child begins to take responsibility for themselves, work, have children of their own (or, at latest, when the person's age greatly exceeds that at which most people reach those milestones). Generally, this means that it spans the period from birth to teenage years. Notable specializations of this collection include #$MaleChild, #$FemaleChild, #$HumanToddler and #$HumanInfant. SUMO: A HumanYouth between birth and puberty, i.e a Human who is NonFullyFormed. The sense of ''MinorChild'', one not yet of legal age, is not explicit in WN, but is represented by the subtype ''MinorChild'' in COSMO. Includes noun sense 1 of 'child' in WordNet: 1. (625) child, kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry, tiddler, tike, tyke, fry, nestling - (a young person of either sex; 'she writes books for children'; 'they're just kids'; ''tiddler' is a British term for youngsters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildRole, :HumanYouth . :ChildCustody :en "having custody" ; :wnsense "custody3n" ; :wordnet "custody" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ChildCustody is a ''#PersistentState'' requiring that the cstodian perform (among other things) ''GuardingaChild'', where an adult serves as the legal guardian parent with the rights and responsibilities of a Parent. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 (for children) of 'custody' in WordNet: 3. hands, custody - ((with 'in') guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child; 'my fate is in your hands'; 'too much power in the president's hands'; 'your guests are now in my custody'; 'the mother was awarded custody of the children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :MinorChild ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ; owl:someValuesFrom :MinorChild ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GuardingaChild ] . :ChildGuardian :wnsense "guardian1n", "keeper1n" ; :wordnet "guardian", "keeper" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One who may or may not be a Parent of a ''MinorChild''; this represent anyone who is Guarding or has responsibility to guard a ''MinorChild'' including those acting in lieu of a parent to protect a child. NOTE: in the restricted OWL logic it cannot be said that a ''ChildGuardian'' is not a (is disjoint with) ''Parent'' because those acting 'in loco parentis' for one ''MinorChild'' may have children of their own. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'guardian' in WordNet: 1. (4) defender, guardian, protector, shielder - (a person who cares for persons or property) WN noun 'keeper': 1. keeper - (someone in charge of other people; 'am I my brother's keeper?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Guardian, :ParentOrGuardian, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingaChild ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :ChildNeglect :wnsense "child neglect1n" ; :wordnet "child neglect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChildNeglect'' is a ''NeglectingaCustodialDuty'' where the duty is to keep a child (or children) safe and healthy. NOTE: in WN this is a subtype of 'mistreatment' but that term suggests intentional infliction of harm, and is not considered a parent type in COSMO Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'child neglect' in WordNet: 1. child neglect - (failure of caretakers to provide adequate emotional and physical care for a child) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NeglectingaCustodialDuty . :ChildRole :ldoce "child" ; :wnsense "kid4n" ; :wordnet "child", "kid" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of a Person who is the child of another person. For a *young* human child use 'Child' This includes all kinds of 'child' - biological, genetic, foster,adopted, etc. This does not refer to age, but is a *role* expressing a relation to another person: 'they had three kids'. For biological 'child' (one of the ''Offspring'') use This corresponds to sense 2 of noun 'child' and sense 4 of 'kid' in WordNet: """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Childbirth :wnsense "accouchement1n", "childbearing1n", "childbirth1n", "vaginal birth1n" ; :wordnet "accouchement", "childbearing", "childbirth", "vaginal birth" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Childbirth'' is a human ''BirthEvent'' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'childbirth' in WordNet: 1. childbirth, childbearing, accouchement, vaginal birth - (the parturition process in human beings; having a baby; the process of giving birth to a child) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirthEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMother ; owl:someValuesFrom :FemalePerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadNewborn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Child ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Childhood ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ] . :ChildcareWorker :en "child care worker", "childcare worker" ; :guid "bd58a90e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who takes care of a Child but is not the ''LegalGuardian'' or Parent. This includes babysitters who can be young teens, so this is not necessarily an adult. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingCareOfaChild ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Childhood :ldoce "childhood" ; :wnsense "childhood1n" ; :wordnet "childhood" ; a :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Childhood' is the LifeStage that a Person is in prior to puberty, or at latest before the eighteenth birthday. NOTE: an earlier stage (or the first part) is represented as ''Infancy''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'childhood' in WordNet: 1. (9) childhood - (the time of person's life when they are a child) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Childish :isAnAttributeValueOf :Behavior ; :wnsense "childish1adj", "infantile1adj" ; :wordnet "childish", "infantile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'childish' in Wordnet: 1. (8) childish, infantile - (indicating a lack of maturity; 'childish tantrums'; 'infantile behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immature . :Children :en "children" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :LifeStageType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of two or more ''Child''s, which see.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Child ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ChildrensClothing :guid "bd58c912-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :ChildsGame :wnsense "child's play2n", "play8n" ; :wordnet "child's play", "play" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All subtypes of 'ChildsGame' are typically played by young children. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'child's play' in WordNet: 2. play, child's play - (activity by children that is guided more by imagination than by fixed rules; 'Freud believed in the utility of play to a small child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game . :Chile :wnsense "Chile2n" ; :wordnet "Chile" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'Chile' in WordNet: 1. Chile, Republic of Chile - (a republic in southern South America on the western slopes of the Andes on the south Pacific coast) """ . :Chilean :pertainsTo :Chile, :ChileanPerson ; :wnsense "Chilean1adj" ; :wordnet "Chilean" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Chilean' in Wordnet: 1. Chilean - (of or relating to or characteristic of Chile or its people; 'Chilean volcanoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ChileanPerson :wnsense "Chilean1n" ; :wordnet "Chilean" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Chilean' in WordNet: 1. Chilean - (a native or inhabitant of Chile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chile ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :ChiliPepper :wnsense "chile1n", "chili pepper2n", "chili2n", "chilli1n" ; :wordnet "chile", "chili", "chili pepper", "chilli" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: 'chilly' is not in RHW in this sense. Left out to avoid confusion. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chili pepper' in WordNet: 2. chili, chili pepper, chilli, chilly, chile - (very hot and finely tapering pepper of special pungency) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HotPepper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hot-Spicy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ChiliPeppers :en "chili peppers" ; :enn "chili peppers" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Hot-Spicy ; :isDerivedFrom :ChiliPepper ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''ChiliPeppers'' is a Food derived from one or more ''ChiliPepper''s by chopping them up.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HotPepper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hot-Spicy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Chill :wnsense "chill1n" ; :wordnet "chill" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Chill'' is a ''TemperatureSituation'' in which the air temperature is below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (8 deg C). The WN gloss suggests colder,but in COSMO colder would be 'cold', not 'Cool'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chill' in WordNet: 1. (3) chill, iciness, gelidity - (coldness due to a cold environment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemperatureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cool ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Chilled :ened "chilled" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Chilling ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chilled'' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or substance that has been cooled down below room temperature in a ''Chilling'' Action. This is a subtype of ''Cold'' in which the Object becomes ''Cold'' due to an intentional Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cold, :PastParticiple . :ChilledDrink :en "chilled drink", "cold drink" ; :enn "chilled drink", "cold drink" ; :guid "018ee246-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''ChilledDrink'' is for the liquid substance. A container of ''ChilledDrink'' would be a subtype of ''ContainerAndContents''. CYC 'Chilled' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chilled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ChilledWithIce :en "chilled", "chilled with ice" ; :enadj "chilled", "chilled with ice" ; :ened "chilled" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ChillingWithIce ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChilledWithIce'' is a subAttribute of ''Chilled'' for ''PhysicalObject''s including ''SolidObject''s and quantities of liquid that have been lowered to near zero centigrade by immersing them or immersing a container cintaining them into ''Ice'' in a liquid containing ice (e.g ice water), or by adding ''IceCube''s to the liquid, such as a ''Beverage''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chilled, :PastParticiple . :Chilling :en "cooling down" ; :eng "chilling", "cooling" ; :guid "c0fbd8ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chill2v", "cool down1v", "cool1v" ; :wordnet "chill", "cool", "cool down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chilling'' is an intentional Action in which an Agent causes the temperature of some Object to decrease close to 0 deg. Centigrade, but not below (that would be freezing). CYC: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType, and a specialization of #$CoolingProcess. Each instance of #$Chilling is a cooling process in which a substance is cooled to a #$Cold temperature. For example, the preparation of Jello involves chilling it; so each time someone makes a batch of Jello, that is an instance of the collection #$Chilling. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'chill' in WordNet: 2. (1) cool, chill, cool down - (make cool or cooler; 'Chill the food') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoolingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cold ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chilled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :ChillingWithIce :en "chill in ice", "chill on ice", "chill with ice" ; :env "chill in ice", "chill on ice", "chill with ice" ; :wnsense "ice2v" ; :wordnet "ice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChillingWithIce'' is a ''Chilling'' that uses ''Ice'' (frozen ''Water'') to bring the teperature of an object close to 0 degrees centigrade. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'ice' in WordNet: 2. ice - (put ice on or put on ice; 'Ice your sprained limbs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoolingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChilledWithIce ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :usedSubstance ] . :Chilly :en "freezing", "freezing cold" ; :enadj "freezing", "freezing cold" ; :wnsense "chill1adj", "chilly1adj" ; :wordnet "chill", "chilly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chilly'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for ambient air, or beverages indicating that the temperature of the object is cold enough to be uncomfortable (for air),e.g. below 15 deg C, but not 'Freezing' (below about 5 deg C). RHW 'freezing': (not literally below 0 deg C, but feeling more than just a little cold). 2. extremely or uncomfortably cold; chilled: We were both freezing and welcomed the hot cocoa. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chilly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chill, chilly - (uncomfortably cool; 'a chill wind'; 'chilly weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uncomfortable . :Chimaera :wnsense "chimaera1n", "chimera21n" ; :wordnet "chimaera", "chimera" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Chimaera'' is for the mythological monster Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Chimaera' in WordNet: 1. Chimera, Chimaera - ((Greek mythology) fire-breathing female monster with a lion's head and a goat's body and a serpent's tail; daughter of Typhon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemaleAnimal, :IntelligentAgent, :MythicalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chimerical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Chimera :wnsense "chimaera2n", "chimera2n" ; :wordnet "chimaera", "chimera" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Chimera'' is a ''Notion'' of something that is thought to be possible, but is''Unlikely'' to exist or even be possible. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chimera' in WordNet: 2. chimera, chimaera - (a grotesque product of the imagination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Notion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unlikely ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isInTheMindOf ] . :Chimerical :wnsense "chimerical2adj" ; :wordnet "chimerical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chimerical'' is the property of something not only imaginary but highly improbable. This attribute is used mostly in a disparaging rather than literal sense to assert that some idea (often a propoosal for action) is both unlikely and can exist only in the proposer's imagination. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'chimerical' in Wordnet: 2. chimerical - (produced by a wildly fanciful imagination; 'his Utopia is not a chimerical commonwealth but a practical improvement on what already exists'- Douglas Bush) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imaginary, :Unlikely . :Chimes :en "chimes" ; :ldoce "bell" ; :wnsense "bell9n", "chime1n", "gong2n" ; :wordnet "bell", "chime", "gong" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PercussionInstrument'' that has multiple ''Bell'-toned metal (or wooden or glass) pieces (often strips of metal on a frame), that can produce different tones when different ''Bell''s are struck. This is broadly interpreted, as with RWH sense 2: 2. Often, chimes. a. a set of bells or of slabs of metal, stone, wood, etc., producing musical tones when struck. b. a musical instrument consisting of such a set, esp. a glockenspiel. c. the musical tones thus produced. d. carillon. This type also includes the 'wind chime', a set of tubular metal pieces that are hung vertically outdoors with a striker hung in the center, that make a series of pleasant ringing sounds when moved by the wind. WN subtypes include set of bells. These can be differentiated when needed, to be more specific. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'chime' in WordNet: 1. chime, bell, gong - (a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercussionInstrument . :Chimney :guid "bd58f683-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "chimney" ; :wnsense "chimney1n" ; :wordnet "chimney" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The structure through which smoke flows from a controlled fire in some structure to the outside, such as from the fireplace of a house or the furnace of any of several types of structures, domestic or commercial. SUMO: A thin passageway through which Smoke from a controlled fire is conducted Outside of a Building or Room. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chimney' in WordNet: 1. (9) chimney - (a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :Conveyance-Stationary, :FluidConduit, :NonPoweredDevice, :PartOfBuilding, :PathArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smoke ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmittingSmoke ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControlledFire ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Chimpanzee :guid "bd58e253-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Pan troglodytes1n", "chimp1n", "chimpanzee1n" ; :wordnet "Pan troglodytes", "chimp", "chimpanzee" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chimpanzee' in WordNet: 1. chimpanzee, chimp, Pan troglodytes - (intelligent somewhat arboreal ape of equatorial African forests) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GreatApe . :Chin :guid "bd58e6ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Face ; :ldoce "chin" ; :wnsense "chin1n" ; :wordnet "chin" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The protrusion of the face below the mouth. SUMO: A part of the Face which protrudes slightly and which is lower than all other parts of the Face. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chin' in WordNet: 1. (14) chin, mentum - (the protruding part of the lower jaw) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :ChinStrap :wnsense "chin strap1n" ; :wordnet "chin strap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChinStrap'' is a ''Strap'' attached to the two sides of a ''Hat'' of some kind (including a helmet) that fits under and touching the chin and keeps the hat from falling off as a result of wind or motion. It may be of one piece with an adjustable length, or of two pieces that are tied together under the chin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chin strap' in Wordnet: 1. chin strap - (a strap attached to a hat; passes under the chin and holds the hat in place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hat ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :China :wnsense "China1n" ; :wordnet "China" ; a :AsianCountry ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'China' (capitalized) in WordNet: 1. (5) China, People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC - (a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world) """ . :China-Dinnerware :guid "be5b4931-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "china4n", "chinaware1n" ; :wordnet "china", "chinaware" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of china used for serving dinner, which may be of a high-quality ceramic, not necessarily fine china. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'china' in WordNet: 4. chinaware, china - (dishware made of high quality porcelain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CeramicArtifact, :FoodVessel, :NonPoweredDevice . :Chinchilla :guid "bd8f3563-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Chinchilla laniger1n", "chinchilla3n" ; :wordnet "Chinchilla laniger", "chinchilla" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chinchilla' in WordNet: 3. chinchilla, Chinchilla laniger - (small rodent with soft pearly grey fur; native to the Andes but bred in captivity for fur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent . :Chinese :wasCreatedBy :ChineseSpeakers ; :wnsense "Chinese1n" ; :wordnet "Chinese" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Chinese' in WordNet: 1. (1) Chinese - (any of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in China; regarded as dialects of a single language (even though they are mutually unintelligible) because they share an ideographic writing system) """ . :ChineseCharacter :en "Chinese character" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChineseCharacter'' is an ''Ideogram'' (a ''WritingSymbol'') that typcally represents a whole idea, not a sound. This includes the characters used in Japan (called 'kanji') that are derived from Chinese characters, but may have somewhat different shape, and often have different pronunciation. The different variants of the Chines language may also use the same symbols but may pronounce them somewhat differently. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pictograph, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingInHieroglyphs ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ChineseCuisine :en "chinese cuisine", "chinese food" ; :guid "bd58d45b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of what Americans think of as Chinese food""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cuisine, :EthnicFood . :ChineseSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :ChineseTraditionalReligion a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """(ISO18025) Any traditional Chinese religion, including local deities, Taoism, ancestor veneration, Confucian ethics, Chinese universism, divination and magic..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Religion . :Chip :wnsense "bit2n", "chip1n", "flake3n", "fleck1n", "scrap1n" ; :wordnet "bit", "chip", "flake", "fleck", "scrap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chip'' is a small ''Fragment'' of a solid object created by any of various types of Event that cause a small piece of something to break off from the whole: cutting actions like: flaking, chipping, ''CarvingSomething'', chiseling) or breaking actions like being blown apart in an explosion or tornado, or impacting actions such as those that produce chips from a piece of ceramic. or a ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces''. This type includes all kinds of chips including flakes (but not ''Snowflake''s). This is the type for 'flint flakes' created for use as arrowheads by primitive peoples. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chip' in WordNet: 1. (1) bit, chip, flake, fleck, scrap - (a small fragment of something broken off from the whole; 'a bit of rock caught him in the eye') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fragment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Chip-Snack :guid "bd58847d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chip4n" ; :wordnet "chip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sincle crispy chips of potato or similar food. (this can include chips made of food other than potatoes): Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'chip' in WordNet: 4. chip, crisp, potato chip, Saratoga chip - (a thin crisp slice of potato fried in deep fat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food-ReadyToEat, :SnackFood . :ChipMark :wnsense "chip5n" ; :wordnet "chip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChipMark'' is a noticeable (>0.1 mm wide) gap or indentation where a small piece (''Chip'') has been broken off that mars (blemishes) an otherwise locally smooth or flat surface on a solid object, mostly seen on artifacts made of wood or ceramic. This is an Object including the part surrounding the gap. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chip' in WordNet: 5. check, chip - (a mark left after a small piece has been chopped or broken off of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blemish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0,01"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :ChippingEvent :guid "bd58f8e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "break away1v", "break off3v", "break off5v", "chip off1v", "chip1v", "chip5v", "come off3v", "knap2v" ; :wordnet "break away", "break off", "chip", "chip off", "come off", "knap" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChippingEvent'' is an Event in which a SolidObject has a piece (a ''Chip'') break off by some Event of Cutting, Cracking, or Breaking, and includes 'flaking' as a subtype. Includes verb senses 1 and 5 (intransitive and transitive) of 'chip' in WordNet: 1. (1) chip, chip off, come off, break away, break off - (break off (a piece from a whole); 'Her tooth chipped') 5. chip, knap, cut off, break off - (break a small piece off from; 'chip the glass'; 'chip a tooth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :BrittleObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chip ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ] . :Chiropractic :guid "be72cd9b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chiropractic1n" ; :wordnet "chiropractic" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :OccupationType, :SkilledActivityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A the execution of 'chiropractic medicine', a branch of ''AlternativeMedicine'' that focuses on health benefits of manipulating the spine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chiropractic' in WordNet: 1. chiropractic - (a method of treatment that manipulates body structures (especially the spine) to relieve low back pain or even headache or high blood pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProfessionalServicing, :SingleDoerAction, :TherapeuticProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chiropractor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Chiropractor :wnsense "chiropractor1n" ; :wordnet "chiropractor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chiropractor' in WordNet: 1. (2) chiropractor - (a therapist who practices chiropractic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chiropractic ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinalColumn ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Chirping :wnsense "cheep1v", "chirp1v", "chirrup1v", "peep3v", "twirp2v" ; :wordnet "cheep", "chirp", "chirrup", "peep", "twirp" ; a :ActionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is a *repeated* chirping sound made by some birds (usually small birds). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chirp' in WordNet: 1. (1) peep, twirp, cheep, chirp, chirrup - (make high-pitched sounds; of birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, :ReiterativeActionSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tweet ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdBill ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :Chisel :guid "c139eac1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chisel1n" ; :wordnet "chisel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all chisels, #$HandTools used to carve #$Wood or #$StoneStuff. need Action 'chiseling' as st of ''CarvingSomething'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chisel' in WordNet: 1. (4) chisel - (an edge tool with a flat steel blade with a cutting edge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdgeTool, :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarvingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ChiselingAnObject :eng "chiseling" ; :wnsense "chisel3v" ; :wordnet "chisel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The parent ''CarvingSomething'' includes both 'cutting' and 'shaping' actions. This is done with a ''Chisel'' device. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'chisel' in WordNet: 3. chisel - (carve with a chisel; 'chisel the marble') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarvingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chisel ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cuttings ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ChitChat :en "chit-chat" ; :wnsense "causerie1n", "chin-wag1n", "chin-wagging1n", "chitchat1n", "gab1n", "gabfest1n", "gossip1n", "small talk1n", "tittle-tattle1n" ; :wordnet "causerie", "chin-wag", "chin-wagging", "chitchat", "gab", "gabfest", "gossip", "small talk", "tittle-tattle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChitChat'' is a ''Chat''(an informal ''Conversation'') among a small number of people. This can be used for conversations that occur in social gatherings. The subtype ''Chattering'' can be used for light conversation in relaxed setting other than parties and social gatherings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chitchat' in WordNet: 1. chitchat, small talk, gab, gabfest, gossip, tittle-tattle, chin-wag, chin-wagging, causerie - (light informal conversation for social occasions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chat . :Chitin :guid "bf276637-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Nitrogen ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Horny ; :isTheMainConstituentSubstanceOf :Exoskeleton ; :isaComponentSubstanceOf :Arthropod ; :wnsense "chitin1n" ; :wordnet "chitin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Chitin is a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide, related chemically to cellulose, that forms a semitransparent horny substance and is a principal constituent of the exoskeleton or outer covering of insects, crustaceans and arachnids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chitin' in WordNet: 1. chitin - (a tough semitransparent horny substance; the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of certain fungi) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polysaccharide . :Chloride :hasComponentSubstance :ChlorideIon ; :wnsense "chloride2n" ; :wordnet "chloride" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An inorganic salt that has chloride ions as the anions. This is not the anion itself (rename?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chloride' in Wordnet: 2. (1) chloride - (any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing ''ChlorideIon'' as a contained substance (having ionized chloride atoms)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChlorideIon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :ChlorideIon a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ionic substance each unit object of which is one atom of chlorine, having one negative charge. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anion . :Chlorine :hasProtonCount "17"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "chlorine1n" ; :wordnet "chlorine" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chlorine'' is the element having atomic number 17. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chlorine' in WordNet: 1. (33) chlorine, Cl, atomic number 17 - (a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Halogen . :Chlorite :guid "c0869973-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Silicon ; :wnsense "chlorite1n" ; :wordnet "chlorite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is *not* the chlorite ion (ClO2-). That is not yet represented in COSMO. Wiki: \"Chlorite\" is the name of a group of common sheet silicate minerals that form during the early stages of metamorphism. Most chlorite minerals are green in color, have a foliated appearance, perfect cleavage, and an oily to soapy feel. They are found in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chlorite' in WordNet: 1. chlorite - (a generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silicon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Chlorofluorocarbon :containsChemicalElement :Carbon, :Chlorine, :Fluorine ; :guid "42cce9d6-2a7d-41d7-9877-f61149fd5162" ; :wnsense "CFC1n", "chlorofluorocarbon1n" ; :wordnet "CFC", "chlorofluorocarbon" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$OrganicCompound. Each instance of #$Chlorofluorocarbon is a sample of a compound comprised of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, such as #$Freon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chlorofluorocarbon' in WordNet: 1. chlorofluorocarbon, CFC - (a fluorocarbon with chlorine; formerly used as a refrigerant and as a propellant in aerosol cans; 'the chlorine in CFCs causes depletion of atmospheric ozone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound . :Chloroform :guid "bf693ffb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasBoilingPoint :T_61p15C ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CHCl3 ; :hasComponentSubstance :Carbon, :Chlorine ; :wnsense "chloroform1n", "trichloromethane1n" ; :wordnet "chloroform", "trichloromethane" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Chloroform is liquid at room temperature, but volatile. (BP = 61.15 degC; 142.07 degF; 334.30 K) A ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' having one hydrogen atom and three chlorine atoms each directly bonded to the same carbon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chloroform' in Wordnet: 1. chloroform, trichloromethane - (a volatile liquid haloform (CHCl3); formerly used as an anesthetic; 'chloroform was the first inhalation anesthetic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anesthetic, :CarbonCompound, :CarbonHalide, :DrugProduct . :Chlorophyll :guid "bd58b616-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasColor :GreenColor ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Plant ; :isaRequiredResourceFor :Photosynthesis ; :wnsense "chlorophyl1n", "chlorophyll1n" ; :wordnet "chlorophyl", "chlorophyll" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A piece of chlorophyll - a piece of substance made of chlorophyll molecules which exists within a plant. NOTE: in COSMO a substance is not a 'piece' of that substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chlorophyll' in WordNet: 1. chlorophyll, chlorophyl - (any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms; there are four naturally occurring forms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalCompound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Photosynthesis ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :Chock :wnsense "chock1n" ; :wordnet "chock" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hand-sized ''Block'' designed to be placed on the ground against one of the wheels of a heavy wheeled object to prevent it from rolling out of place. Sometimes it has a trapezoidal shape. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chock' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chock, wedge - (a block of wood used to prevent the sliding or rolling of a heavy object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Block . :ChockFull :wnsense "chock full1n" ; :wordnet "chock full" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChockFull'' is an intensive variant of ''Full'' indicating an unusually full state, perhaps surprisingly so. ?same as ''Crammed'? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chock full' in Wordnet: 1. chockablock, chock-full, chockful, choke-full, chuck-full, cram full - (packed full to capacity; 'chowder chockablock with pieces of fish') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Full . :Chocolate :ldoce "chocolate" ; :wnsense "chocolate2n" ; :wordnet "chocolate" ; a :FondueConstituentType, :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An edible dark brown solid substance created by processing of seeds of the cacao plant. It is often sweetened and may be mixed with other substances such as vanilla. This is the substance. A PieceOfChocolate (often with other food materials as filling) would be the object called 'a chocolate'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chocolate' in WordNet: 2. chocolate - (a food made from roasted ground cacao beans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DessertSubstance, :PleasantThing, :SolidFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CocoaBean ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :ChocolateBar a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a ''Candybar'' consisting of some form of chocolate (including imitation). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candy bar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) candy bar - (a candy shaped as a bar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CandyBar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chocolate ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :ChocolateBonBon :ldoce "chocolate" ; :wnsense "bonbon1n" ; :wordnet "bonbon" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small solid DessertFood consisting of Chocolate, with or without some filling material such as cream or nuts, (as in 'a box of chocolates'). For pieces of chocolate with no significant filling, (chocolate bars and pieces of bars) use 'PieceOfChocolate'. @ToDo: As of r807, no specific type for filled chocolates is represented in COSMO. Includes sense 1 of 'bonbon' in WordNet: 1. bonbon - (a candy that usually has a center of fondant or fruit or nuts coated in chocolate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chocolate ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :ChocolateCake :wnsense "chocolate cake1n" ; :wordnet "chocolate cake" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Cake whose dominant taste is that of chocolate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chocolate cake' in WordNet: 1. chocolate cake - (cake containing chocolate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cake . :Choice :ldoce "choice" ; :wnsense "choice1n" ; :wordnet "choice" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A thing (object, Action) chosen as the result of a Choosing event. For the choosing event use 'Choosing'. 'Choice' is a Role that something acquires as the result of a 'Choosing', and that Role is meaningful only with respect to the Agent who did the Choosing. One person's choice may not be anyone else's choice. Almost every intentional Action is in reality a Choice, but Actions do not have to be represented as instances of Choice unless the Choosing is a significant part of the meaning of the Action. This corresponds to sense 3 of 'choice' in Random House Webster: RHW: 3. the person or thing chosen or eligible to be chosen: This book is my choice. He is one of many choices for the award. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'choice' in WordNet: 1. (14) choice, pick, selection - (the person or thing chosen or selected; 'he was my pick for mayor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasSelectedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Choosing ] . :Choices :en "choices", "options" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Choices'' is an ''EquivalenceGroup'' of all of the ''Alterntivething''s that might be chosen in a ''Choosing'' action.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquivalenceGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Choosing ; owl:onProperty :withRespectTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :EquivalentThing ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Choir :wnsense "choir1n" ; :wordnet "choir" ; a :GroupType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Choir''is a ''Chorus'' that is organized to sing primarily at a 'ReligiousCeremony'' and mostly sings religious music, but may sing elewhere for practice or exhibition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'choir' in WordNet: 1. (2) choir - (a chorus that sings as part of a religious ceremony) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chorus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChoirSinging ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :ChoirSinging :en "choir singing", "choral singing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChoirSinging'' is a ''SingingTogether'' performed by a ''Choir'' typically (not necessarily always) at a ''ReligiousCeremony'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SingingTogether, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Choir ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousCeremony ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :ChokerCollar :wnsense "choker4n", "neck ruff1n", "ruff2n", "ruffle2n" ; :wordnet "choker", "neck ruff", "ruff", "ruffle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'choker' in WordNet: 4. choker, ruff, ruffle, neck ruff - (a high tight collar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollarOfGarment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Garment ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ChokerNecklace :wnsense "choker3n", "collar4n", "dog collar3n", "neckband3n" ; :wordnet "choker", "collar", "dog collar", "neckband" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'choker' in WordNet: 3. choker, collar, dog collar, neckband - (necklace that fits tightly around a woman's neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Necklace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tight ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Choking :wnsense "choke5v", "gag5v", "strangle6v", "suffocate7v" ; :wordnet "choke", "gag", "strangle", "suffocate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Choking'' is a type of ''breathing'' that occurs with great difficulty, and, if continued, could lead to ''Suffocation'' and Death.. This is the intransitive sense, and is not being killed by another person. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'choke' in WordNet: 5. (1) gag, choke, strangle, suffocate - (struggle for breath; have insufficient oxygen intake; 'he swallowed a fishbone and gagged') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeThreateningCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frightening ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asphyxiation ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breathing ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Cholesterol :guid "bd58e5f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cholesterin1n", "cholesterol1n" ; :wordnet "cholesterin", "cholesterol" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cholesterol'' is a 'Steroid' in Cyc and SUMO: This is the class of biogenic steroids that are hormones. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cholesterol' in WordNet: 1. (4) cholesterol, cholesterin - (an animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Steroid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ] . :CholesterolTest :en "cholesterol test" ; :guid "c0fbc7f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all blood tests that result in a measurement of the cholesterol level. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodTest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cholesterol ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ] . :Choline :guid "0fc35861-5ba9-11d7-8508-0002b35bb117" ; :wnsense "choline1n" ; :wordnet "choline" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Choline' is a 'vitamin-like' BiochemicalCompound referred to as a 'vitamin' in WN and CYC. CYC: A member of the #$VitaminBComplex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'choline' in WordNet: 1. choline - (a B-complex vitamin that is a constituent of lecithin; essential in the metabolism of fat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyBasicSubstance, :Vitamin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neurotransmission ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :CholinesteraseInhibitingSubstance :en "cholinesterase inhibitor" ; :enn "cholinesterase inhibitor" ; :guid "be0e31ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$ToxicSubstances that can react with #$Acetylcholinesterase in an animal's #$NervousSystem. In sufficient dosages, instance of this collection can induce #$AcetylcholinePoisoning. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :OrganicCompound, :ToxicSubstance . :Chomping :wnsense "bite8n", "champ2v", "chomp1n", "chomp1v", "crunch3v", "munch1v" ; :wordnet "bite", "champ", "chomp", "crunch", "munch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chomp' in WordNet: 1. chomp, champ - (chew noisily; 'The boy chomped his sandwich') WN verb 'munch': 1. crunch, munch - (chew noisily; \"The children crunched the celery sticks\") WN noun 'chomp': 1. (1) bite, chomp - (the act of gripping or chewing off with the teeth and jaws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Choosing :eng "choosing", "selecting" ; :guid "bd5886dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "choose", "pick" ; :wnsense "choose1v", "choose3v", "pick out1v", "select1v" ; :wordnet "choose", "pick out", "select" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'SelectingSomething' in Cyc. Each Choosing results in the identification of a 'Choice'. This is the most general sense, including choosing one of several possible objects to obtain or use ('Picking') and deciding to do one action rather than another ('Deciding') Cyc: A collection of events. Each instance of #$SelectingSomething is an event, perhaps an extended activity, during which something is selected. Selecting may be relatively simple or prolonged and complex; e.g., selecting an apple from a grocery store's produce counter, or choosing a general contractor to build a new courthouse. An instance of #$SelectingSomething may have sub-events (see the predicate #$subEvents) which are instances of #$Research or #$Evaluating, in which an agent gathers information about the options. The selecting ends with a choice being made. Includes all 3 verb senses of 'choose' and noun sense 3 of 'choice' and verb sense 1 of 'select' and verb sense 1 of 'pick' sense 1 of 'pick out' in WordNet: 1. (84) choose, take, select, pick out - (pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives; 'Take any one of these cards'; 'Choose a good husband for your daughter'; 'She selected a pair of shoes from among the dozen the salesgirl had shown her') 3. (11) choose - (see fit or proper to act in a certain way; decide to act in a certain way; 'She chose not to attend classes and now she failed the exam') WN noun 'choice': 2. (9) choice, selection, option, pick - (the act of choosing or selecting; 'your choice of colors was unfortunate'; 'you can take your pick') WN verb 'pick': 1. (14) pick - (select carefully from a group; 'She finally picked her successor'; 'He picked his way carefully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, :SelectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Choice ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlternativeThing ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :ChoosingAtRandom a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ChoosingAtRandom' is an Event of 'Choosing' among two or more alternatives that is performed so that the chooser does not know which of the alternatives will be her/his choice. This can be any of the subtypes drawing lots, flipping a coin, betting on a random game (e.g. in a casino) or any other random or quasi-random action performed so as to select something. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Choosing, :RandomEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :RandomChoice ] . :Chop-MeatCut :guid "c1008a42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chop2n" ; :wordnet "chop" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'chop' of meat. e.g. porkchop, lamb chop, mutton chop Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chop' in WordNet: 2. chop - (a small cut of meat including part of a rib) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :CookedFoodObject, :MeatObject, :SliceOfSomething . :ChopStick :guid "c0eda525-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chopstick1n" ; :wordnet "chopstick" ; a :EatingUtensilType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of thin sticks used in pairs for eating, especially by Asians, or at least Asian food. NOTE: was traditionally of ''Wood'' but now also comes in Plastic, and for a fancy restaurant, may be ceramic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chopstick' in WordNet: 1. chopstick - (one of a pair of slender sticks used as oriental tableware to eat food with) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingUtensil . :ChopSticks :en "chopsticks", "pair of chopsticks" ; a :EatingUtensilType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pair of ''ChopStick''s,used together in eating. See ''Chopstick'' for the singular. WN does not have the plural. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingUtensil, :ObjectGroup, :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChopStick ] . :Chopped :isAnAttributeValueOf :Food, :FoodObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ChoppingUpSomething ; :wnsense "chopped1adj", "shredded1adj", "sliced1adj" ; :wordnet "chopped", "shredded", "sliced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: This refers to foodstuffs - object or substance. The term 'sliced' is included in the WN synset, but that term usually refers to pieces of an object that were cut across only once (represented by ''Sliced''), regardless of the width of the original object, such as sliced meats or sliced bread. This type refers to pieces of an object that have been cut into a size no longer than one inch in any direction; for objects that were originally less than one inch wide this can be acomplished by only one slice per resulting 'chopped' piece; if wider originally each original slice would need to be cut at least once more. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chopped' in Wordnet: 1. chopped, shredded, sliced - (prepared by cutting; 'sliced tomatoes'; 'sliced ham'; 'chopped clams'; 'chopped meat'; 'shredded cabbage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ChoppingUpSomething :guid "bd590863-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chop up1v", "chop1v" ; :wordnet "chop", "chop up" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChoppingUpSomething'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' multiple times with a 'chopping' motion (swiftly hitting the thing directly with the shparp edge of the cutting instrument, rather than by a slicing or sawing motion). so that the object chopped is divided into multiple pieces. The chopping may be done with an axe or a cleaver (for meat) or with a specialized kitchen device with multiple blades. CYC: 'ChoppingSomething': The process of cutting something with a chopping tool, using a chopping motion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chop' in WordNet: 1. (2) chop, chop up - (cut into pieces; 'Chop wood'; 'chop meat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingInPieces, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObjectGroup ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Choral :pertainsTo :Choir, :ChoirSinging, :Chorus ; :wnsense "choral1adj" ; :wordnet "choral" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'choral' in Wordnet: 1. choral - (related to or written for or performed by a chorus or choir; 'choral composition'; 'choral ensemble') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ChordataPhylum :guid "bd59063b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$BiologicalPhylum within the #$BiologicalKingdom #$Animal, the #$ChordataPhylum contains the many chordate taxa. All chordate taxa have members who have a notochord (a flexible rod running the length of the body) at some stage of development and pharyngeal gills at some stage of development. The #$ChordataPhylum has as #$taxonMembers all the specializations of #$Vertebrate (including #$Person), as well as some non-vertebrate chordates like Amphioxus.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coelomate . :ChoreographedDancing :en "choreographed dance" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''ChoreographedDancing'' is a form of dancing that is designed to be performed on a 'stage' which need not be a raised platform, but could be a part of a viewing area level with the ground. ToDo: needs WN parent: stage dancing, choreography - (a show involving artistic dancing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dancing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Theater ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :Chorus :wnsense "chorus2n" ; :wordnet "chorus" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chorus'' is any ''GroupOfPeople'' that is gathered and organized to sing together. - but is not a formal ''Organization''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chorus' in WordNet: 2. (1) chorus - (a group of people assembled to sing together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :MusicGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SingingTogether ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Chosen :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Choosing ; :wnsense "chosen1adj" ; :wordnet "chosen" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chosen'' is the attribute of something that is the *object (*patient) of a ''Choosing'' action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chosen' in Wordnet: 1. (7) chosen - (preferred above all others; 'the chosen few'; 'her chosen abode') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selected . :ChosenAction :ldoce "choice" ; :wnsense "choice1n" ; :wordnet "choice" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ChosenAction' is an Action that was chosen as the result of a Deciding event. Most Actions are the result of some kind of deciding process, but this type is used where the Deciding among alternatives is explicitly part of the narrative, meaning that there was some interval of explicit consideration before the Choice was made. This is part of sense 1 of 'choice' in Wordnet: 1. (14) choice, pick, selection - (the person or thing chosen or selected; 'he was my pick for mayor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Choice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasSelectedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Deciding :Deciding-Collectively ) ] ] . :ChosenObject :ldoce "choice", "pick" ; :wnsense "choice1n", "pick1n", "selection3n" ; :wordnet "choice", "pick", "selection" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ChosenObject' is a PhysicalObject that was chosen as the result of a Picking event. This is part of sense 1 of 'choice' and sense 1 of 'pick' and sense 3 of 'selection' in Wordnet: 1. (14) choice, pick, selection - (the person or thing chosen or selected; 'he was my pick for mayor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Choice, :PhysicalObject, :Selection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasSelectedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Picking ] . :Chowder :guid "c14cde68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :SolidFood ; :hasSalientSubstance :Seafood ; :wnsense "chowder1n" ; :wordnet "chowder" ; a :FoodType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of chowder. Chowders are thick soups featuring shellfish or fish, containing potatoes, often containing milk or cream. Chowder as a kind of soup originated in New England. This type of ''Chowder'' requires Seafood. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chowder' in WordNet: 1. chowder - (a thick soup or stew made with milk and bacon and onions and potatoes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFood, :Mixture, :Soup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidFood ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seafood ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientSubstance ] . :Christian :pertainsTo :ChristianPerson, :Christianity, :Christians ; :wnsense "Christian1adj", "Christian2adj" ; :wordnet "Christian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Christian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Christianity'' and its practitioners. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Christian' in WordNet: 1. (36) Christian - (relating to or characteristic of Christianity; \"Christian rites\") 2. (1) christian - (following the teachings or manifesting the qualities or spirit of Jesus Christ) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ChristianGroup a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ReligiousGroup who identify themselves as 'Christians' and consider Jesus Christ as the founder of their religion..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousGroup, :ReligiousGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ChristianPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ChristianHoliday :guid "c100619d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The subset of #$ReligiousHolidays specified as part of the religion #$Christianity.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousHoliday . :ChristianOrganization a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ReligiousOrganization whose members profess a belief in Jesus Christ as the guiding founder of their religion. The beliefs about the nature and role of Christ may vary considerably anong those thiking of themselves as 'Christians'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IdeologicalOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChristianGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasAssociatedGroupType ] . :ChristianPerson :wnsense "Christian1n" ; :wordnet "Christian" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ChristianPerson' is a Christian, i.e. one who believes or professes to believe \"Christianity\", a ''\"PhilosophicalSchool\"'' originating with Jesus Christ.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Christian' in WordNet: 1. (10) Christian - (a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adherent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Christianity ; owl:onProperty :believes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Christians ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Christianity :hasBeliever :Christians ; :hasTopic :JesusChristIsGod ; :wnsense "Christianity1n", "Christianity2n" ; :wordnet "Christianity" ; a :PhilosophicalSchool, :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'Christianity' in Wordnet: 1. (10) Christianity, Christian religion - (a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior) """ . :Christians :believes :Christianity ; :en "Christians" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :partsHaveTypeInCommon :ChristianPerson ; :wnsense "Christianity2n" ; :wordnet "Christianity" ; a :ChristianGroup ; rdfs:comment """The group of all ''ChristianPerson''s collectively. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Christianity' in WordNet: 2. Christendom, Christianity - (the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history (found predominantly in Europe and the Americas and Australia); 'for a thousand years the Roman Catholic Church was the principal church of Christendom') """ . :ChristmasDecoration :en "Christmas decoration" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChristmasDecoration'' is a ''Decoration'' object characteristically used as part of the celebration of the Christian Christmas season (''CelebratingChristmas''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decoration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CelebratingChristmas ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ChristmasHoliday :guid "bd58ab54-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Christmas Day1n", "Christmas2n" ; :wordnet "Christmas", "Christmas Day" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Same as ;Christmas' and 'Christmas Day'. CYC: Each of these is a #$ChristianHoliday which commemorates the birth of Christ, but which is also widely observed as a secular winter #$Holiday in countries with significant Christian segments of their population. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Christmas' in Wordnet: 2. (2) Christmas, Christmas Day, Xmas, Dec 25 - (a Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Christ; a quarter day in England, Wales, and Ireland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChristianHoliday, :FixedHoliday, :HolidayDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :December25th ; owl:onProperty :isCelebratedOn ] . :ChristmasIsland a :Country . :ChristmasMistletoe :en "Christmas mistletoe" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChristmasMistletoe'' is a ''ChristmasDecoration'' that is a piece of a ''Mistletoe'' hung on some location where people may pass under it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChristmasDecoration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mistletoe ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :ChristmasSeason a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''ChristmasSeason'' is the period from a few weeks before the ''ChristmasHoliday'' (Deceber 25th) to a week or so afterward, when people celebrate tht ''ChristmasHoliday'' whether they are religious or not, and whether they are Christian or not. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeasonOfYear ; owl:disjointWith :SummerSeason . :ChristmasTree :wnsense "Christmas tree5n" ; :wordnet "Christmas tree" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChristmasTree'' is an ornament that has most parts of some evergreen (''ConiferousTree'') tree, having the roots removed and located to decorate some place, usually an indoor location. Sometimes the top is also removed to fit it into a room. There are several types of trees that serve as decorative Yule trees, but this type is only for trees derived from conifers, no longer growing, and not artificial; a traditional 'Christmas tree'. It is artifactual, having been removed from its original location and processed. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'Christmas tree' in Wordnet: 5. Christmas tree - (an ornamented evergreen used as a Christmas decoration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decoration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConiferousTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :ChristopherColumbus :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout :Sailing ; :practicesOccupation :Exploring ; a :DeadPerson, :DiscovererOfaPlace ; rdfs:comment """Christopher Columbus - the one who Discovered the Americas in 1492, as far as Europeans were concerned""" . :ChromaticColor :wnsense "chromatic color1n", "chromatic colour1n", "spectral color1n", "spectral colour1n" ; :wordnet "chromatic color", "chromatic colour", "spectral color", "spectral colour" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChromaticColor'' is a ''Color'' that is not white, black, or gray. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chromatic color' in WordNet: 1. chromatic color, chromatic colour, spectral color, spectral colour - (a color that has hue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Color . :Chromium :hasProtonCount "24"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "chromium1n" ; :wordnet "chromium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A metallic element, used in StainlessSteel alloys to make steel corrosion resistent. Each atom has 24 protons in the nucleus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chromium' in WordNet: 1. (4) chromium, Cr, atomic number 24 - (a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Chromosome :guid "bf9781e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chromosome1n" ; :wordnet "chromosome" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of the microscopic bodies formed by the incorporation of chromatins in the cell nucleus during mitosis or meiosis. They carry the #$Gene-HereditaryUnits that convey hereditary characteristics, and are constant in number for each species. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chromosome' in WordNet: 1. chromosome - (a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NuclearBody, :Organelle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EukaryoticCell ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gene ; owl:minCardinality "50"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DNA ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protein ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Chronic :isAnAttributeValueOf :UnpleasantThing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Brief ; :wnsense "chronic1adj" ; :wordnet "chronic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Chronic'' means 'long-lasting' as applied to something unpleasant, such as an illness or a pain. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chronic' in WordNet: 1. (9) chronic - (being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering; 'chronic indigestion'; 'a chronic shortage of funds'; 'a chronic invalid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongLasting . :ChronicCondition :en "chronic condition" ; :enn "chronic condition" ; :guid "c0fd4e54-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of ailments. An instance of #$ChronicCondition is an ailment that lingers or recurs in an organism throughout its life. In some cases, the symptoms of a chronic condition may abate with treatment. The condition may never go away completely. #$Asthma is an example of a subcollection of #$ChronicCondition. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chronic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ChronicPain :guid "c14ff06d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pain" ; :wnsense "pain1n" ; :wordnet "pain" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pain that lasts for more than a few days, due to a condition that does not go away spontaneously and rapidly. Corresponds to a subtype of sense 1 of 'pain' in Wordnet: 1. (32) pain, hurting - (a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; 'the patient developed severe pain and distension') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChronicCondition, :PainOrAche . :ChronologicalSequence :wnsense "chronological sequence1n", "chronological succession1n", "sequence2n", "succession1n", "successiveness1n" ; :wordnet "chronological sequence", "chronological succession", "sequence", "succession", "successiveness" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChronologicalSequence'' is an ''EventGroup'' that is a subtype of ''Sequence'' in which the individual component members are Events that are ''ChronologicallyOrdered''. There is an ''InitialEvent'' in each ''ChronologicalSequence'' and one or more ''SucceedingEvent''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'succession' in WordNet: 1. (3) sequence, chronological sequence, succession, successiveness, chronological succession - (a following of one thing after another in time; \"the doctor saw a sequence of patients\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup, :EventSeries, :OrderedGroup, :Sequence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InitialEvent ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SucceedingEvent ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChronologicallyOrdered ; owl:onProperty :hasOrderingRelation ] . :ChronologicallyOrdered :wnsense "chronological1adj", "sequential1adj" ; :wordnet "chronological", "sequential" ; a :OrderingRelation ; rdfs:comment """To be ''ChronologicallyOrdered'' is for the elements (of an EventGroup) to occur in time sequence,so that each succeeding element occurs at a time *after* the preceding element. See ''LinearlyOrdered'' for the general meaning of 'sequential' not specific to time. Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'sequential' in WordNet: 1. (1) consecutive, sequent, sequential, serial, successive - (in regular succession without gaps; 'serial concerts') WN Is closest to adjective sense 1 of 'chronological' in WordNet. 1. chronological - (relating to or arranged according to temporal order; 'chronological age') """ . :Chronology :wnsense "chronology2n" ; :wordnet "chronology" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chronology'' is a ''PhysicalEventRecord'' containing a description of a series of Events, often but not necessarily related, presented in the chronological order in which they occurred, and the time at which they occurred. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chronology' in WordNet: 2. chronology - (a record of events in the order of their occurrence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalEventRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChronologicalSequence ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Chrysalis :en "a moth or butterfly pupa" ; :guid "c1008a95-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chrysalis1n" ; :wordnet "chrysalis" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: CYC has this as a ''Container'' and ''Secretion'', suggesting that they consider a 'chrysalis' to be the cocoon around the developing insect. But WN and RHW indicate it is the whole object, covering and living insect inside. Apparently, both meanings are used, as mentioned in the 'Wiktionary'. This COSMO type represents the whole object, RHW and WN interpretation. RHW: the hard-shelled pupa of a moth or butterfly; an obtect pupa. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chrysalis' in WordNet: 1. chrysalis - (pupa of a moth or butterfly enclosed in a cocoon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pupa . :Chrysanthemum :wnsense "chrysanthemum2n" ; :wordnet "chrysanthemum" ; a :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chrysanthemum'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''ChrysanthemumPlant''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chrysanthemum' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chrysanthemum - (the flower of a chrysanthemum plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CutFlower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChrysanthemumPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFlowerOfa ] . :ChrysanthemumPlant :wnsense "chrysanthemum1n" ; :wordnet "chrysanthemum" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChrysanthemumPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'chrysanthemum', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Chrysanthemum'' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chrysanthemum' in Wordnet: 2. chrysanthemum - (any of numerous perennial Old World herbs having showy brightly colored flower heads of the genera Chrysanthemum, Argyranthemum, Dendranthema, Tanacetum; widely cultivated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :ChryslerCar :en "Chrysler" ; :enn "Chrysler" ; :guid "bd588b1f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automobile . :Chubby :wnsense "buxom2adj", "chubby1adj", "embonpoint1adj", "plump1adj", "zaftig1adj", "zoftig1adj" ; :wordnet "buxom", "chubby", "embonpoint", "plump", "zaftig", "zoftig" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Chubby' is an AttributeValue that specifies that a Person is slightly but noticeably overweight. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'chubby' in Wordnet: 1. buxom, chubby, embonpoint, plump, zaftig, zoftig - (euphemisms for slightly fat; \"a generation ago...buxom actresses were popular \" - Robt.A.Hamilton; \"chubby babies\"; \"pleasingly plump\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Overweight . :ChuckingSomething :wnsense "chuck1v", "toss3v" ; :wordnet "chuck", "toss" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ChuckingSomething'' is a ''Throwing'' Action that is performed casually and at a speed that is not rapid, and often performed 'underhand'. This type is not for a Throwing to another Person, and may not have a specific intended target. One can 'chuck' something into a trash bucket. For a similar throwing to another Person, use ''Tossing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chuck' in WordNet: 1. (2) chuck, toss - (throw carelessly; 'chuck the ball') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, :Throwing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Casual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Chuckle :wnsense "chortle1n", "chortle1v", "chuckle1n", "chuckle1v", "laugh softly1v" ; :wordnet "chortle", "chuckle", "laugh softly" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chuckle' in WordNet: 1. (1) chortle, chuckle - (a soft partly suppressed laugh) WN verb 'chuckle': 1. (4) chuckle, chortle, laugh softly - (laugh quietly or with restraint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Laughter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cackle ; owl:onProperty :resembles ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heh ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ] . :Chug :wnsense "chug1n" ; :wordnet "chug" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the kind of noise made by a ''SteamLocomotive'' - seldom heard these days. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chug' in WordNet: 1. chug - (the dull explosive noise made by an engine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise . :Church :ldoce "church" ; :wnsense "Christian church1n", "church1n" ; :wordnet "Christian church", "church" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ChristianGroup that refers to their group as a 'Church'. For the building sense of 'Church' see ''ChurchBuilding''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'church' in WordNet: 1. (60) church, Christian church - (one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChristianGroup . :ChurchBuilding :guid "bd589ffe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity :Praying ; :ldoce "church" ; :wnsense "church2n" ; :wordnet "church" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A religious building where Christian services and activities are held. Some of these are definitely ModernShelterConstructions, but some are not. in WordNet: 2. (59) church, church building - (a place for public (especially Christian) worship; 'the church was empty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HouseOfPrayer, :SeatedAssemblyConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Praying ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :ChurchService :guid "c0ed102a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "divine service1n", "religious service1n", "service3n" ; :wordnet "divine service", "religious service", "service" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ceremony that is held in a Christian church. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious service' in WordNet: 1. service, religious service, divine service - (the act of public worship following prescribed rules; 'the Sunday service') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousCeremony, :Worshipping . :ChurchStreetManhattan :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :NewYorkCityNY_USA ; a :Street . :Churning :eng "churning" ; :wnsense "churn1v" ; :wordnet "churn" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Churning' is an Action in which a quantity of cream is agitated by stirring, shaking, or otherwise moving an object (e.g. a paddle) through the cream so as to cause its coagulation into ''Butter''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'churn' in WordNet: 1. (1) churn - (stir (cream) vigorously in order to make butter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :MotionInPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cream-Dairy ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butter ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Cider :wnsense "cider1n", "cyder1n", "hard cider1n" ; :wordnet "cider", "cyder", "hard cider" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is the fermented ''AppleCider''. RHW 'cider': the juice pressed from apples (or formerly from some other fruit) used for drinking, either before fermentation (sweet cider) or after fermentation (hard cider), or for making applejack, vinegar, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cider' in WordNet: 1. cider, cyder - (a beverage made from juice pressed from apples) WN noun 'hard cider': 1. hard cider - (alcoholic drink from fermented cider; 'cider' and 'cyder' are European (especially British) usages for the fermented beverage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AppleCider ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fermented ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cigar :guid "bd58c82a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cigar1n" ; :wordnet "cigar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small roll of tobacco leaf for smoking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cigar' in Wordnet: 1. (7) cigar - (a roll of tobacco for smoking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :RollOfStuff, :SmokingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tobacco ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Cigarette :guid "c0fcf19c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cigarette" ; :wnsense "cigarette1n" ; :wordnet "cigarette" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A tube of thin paper containing finely ground tobacco that is smoked. A small, consumable smoking device. The tobacco is rolled in paper and it usually has a filter on the end. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cigarette' in WordNet: 1. (16) cigarette, cigaret, coffin nail, butt, fag - (finely ground tobacco wrapped in paper; for smoking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-OneTimeUse, :SmokingDevice . :Ciliate :guid "bd58a418-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ciliate1n", "ciliated protozoan1n", "ciliophoran1n" ; :wordnet "ciliate", "ciliated protozoan", "ciliophoran" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ organelle, cell organelle, cell organ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ciliate' in WordNet: 1. (1) ciliate, ciliated protozoan, ciliophoran - (a protozoan with a microscopic appendage extending from the surface of the cell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protozoan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cilium ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Cilium :en "cilia" ; :wnsense "cilium1n" ; :wordnet "cilium" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Occurs in protozoans and in some internal vessels of animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cilium' in WordNet: 1. (1) cilium - (a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell; provides locomotion in free-swimming unicellular organisms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organelle, :Projection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hair-Strand ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cell ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cell ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :Cinema :en "The Art of The Film", "The Film" ; :wnsense "cinema1n", "film2n" ; :wordnet "cinema", "film" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'cinema': 2. the cinema, motion pictures collectively, as an art. NOTE: the physical 'film' or 'celluloid' on which a movie has been recorded is represented as ''MovieFilm'', using the same WN synset which does not maintain the distinction. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'cinema' in WordNet: 1. (1) film, cinema, celluloid - (a medium that disseminates moving pictures; 'theater pieces transferred to celluloid'; 'this story would be good cinema'; 'film coverage of sporting events') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MediumOfCommunication . :Cinematic :pertainsTo :Continent ; :wnsense "cinematic1adj" ; :wordnet "cinematic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cinematic pertains to the art of 'The Film' - something appearing as though it occured in a Movie. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cinematic' in Wordnet: 1. (3) cinematic - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of the cinema) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Cinnabar :guid "bf0b64ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cinnabar1n" ; :wordnet "cinnabar" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A reddish ore consisting principally of mercury sulfide HgS, the principle ore from which Mercury is extracted. Also used as a pigment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cinnabar' in WordNet: 1. cinnabar - (a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :Pigment, :RedSubstance . :Cinnamon-Spice :guid "bf006b51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :CinnamonTree ; :wnsense "cinnamon3n" ; :wordnet "cinnamon" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cinnamon' in WordNet: 3. cinnamon - (spice from the dried aromatic bark of the Ceylon cinnamon tree; used as rolled strips or ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spice . :CinnamonTree :guid "bd58a1bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Ceylon cinnamon tree1n", "Ceylon cinnamon1n", "Cinnamomum zeylanicum1n", "cinnamon2n" ; :wordnet "Ceylon cinnamon", "Ceylon cinnamon tree", "Cinnamomum zeylanicum", "cinnamon" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """tree whose bark is the spice cinnamon. Laurel family. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cinnamon' in WordNet: 2. cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon tree, Cinnamomum zeylanicum - (tropical Asian tree with aromatic yellowish-brown bark; source of the spice cinnamon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LaurelOrder, :Tree . :Ciprofloxacin :guid "c10afbb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Cipro1n", "ciprofloxacin1n" ; :wordnet "Cipro", "ciprofloxacin" ; a :AntibioticType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Cipro is *not* a cephalosporin. Not sure what the Cyclist was thinking about this one. It's a member of the Quinolone family of compounds. A kind of #$Cephalosporin. It helps treat lower respiratory infections (including #$InhalationalAnthrax), skin and skin structure infections (including (#$CutaneousFormFn #$AnthraxInfection)), bone and joint infections, urinary tract infections and infectious diarrhea caused by E. coli bacteria. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ciprofloxacin' in Wordnet: 1. ciprofloxacin, Cipro - (an oral antibiotic (trade name Cipro) used against serious bacterial infections of the skin or respiratory tract or urinary tract or bones or joints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antibiotic, :Quinolone . :Circle :guid "bd58c265-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "circle" ; :wnsense "circle1n" ; :wordnet "circle" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Ellipse. Each instance of #$Circle is a plane figure bounded by a closed curve, each point on which is equidistant from a single point (the center). Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the region bounded by the Arctic Circle, as well as abstract circles. Cf. #$Disc. SUMO: The class of ClosedTwoDimensionalFigures such that all GeometricPoints that make up the Circle are equidistant from a single GeometricPoint, known as the center of the Circle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circle' in WordNet: 1. (15) circle - (ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point; 'he calculated the circumference of the circle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ellipse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circular ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RotationallySymmetric ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :CircuitBoard :wnsense "add-in1n", "board8n", "card11n", "circuit board1n", "circuit card1n", "plug-in1n" ; :wordnet "add-in", "board", "card", "circuit board", "circuit card", "plug-in" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circuit board' in WordNet: 1. circuit board, circuit card, board, card, plug-in, add-in - (a printed circuit that can be inserted into expansion slots in a computer to increase the computer's capabilities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerBoard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntegratedCircuit ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :CircuitCurrent :en "circuit current", "electric current" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CircuitCurrent'' is an ''ElectricCurrent'' that is flowing within an ''ElectricCircuit'' in some ''ElectricalDevice''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricCurrent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCircuit ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalDevice ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Circular :wnsense "circular1adj" ; :wordnet "circular" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a two-dimensional object (including a cross-section of a three-dimensional object) whose shape approximates that of a Circle. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'circular' in Wordnet: 1. (7) round, circular - (having a circular shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RotationallySymmetric, :Round . :Circular-Physical :wnsense "bill6n", "broadsheet1n", "broadside1n", "circular1n", "flier1n", "flyer1n", "handbill1n", "throwaway2n" ; :wordnet "bill", "broadsheet", "broadside", "circular", "flier", "flyer", "handbill", "throwaway" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Circular-Physical'' is an unbound ''Booklet'' advertising some product(s). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circular' in WordNet: 1. circular, handbill, bill, broadside, broadsheet, flier, flyer, throwaway - (an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution; \"he mailed the circular to all subscribers\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Booklet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdvertisingCircular ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :CircularObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SolidObject that is approximately circular: a Disk-shaped or toroidal object with a large hole in the middle, at least one-fourth the diameter. It does not have to be a RoundObject, as it may have sharp edges. For things like wheels that may be filled all the way to the center, use 'RadiallySymmetricObject'. This is an approximate shape, and some deviation from true radial symmetry is allowed.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :RadiallySymmetricObject, :ShapedThing, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circle ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Circulated :ened "circulated" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :InformationObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Disseminating ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Circulated'' is the attribute of an ''InformationObject'', that has been communicated in any form from one Agent to two or more other Agents. The Agents could be computers or automatons performing prespecified procedures. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communicated . :Circulatory :pertainsTo :BloodCirculation, :CirculatorySystem ; :wnsense "circulatory2adj" ; :wordnet "circulatory" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Circulatory'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'circulatory' in Wordnet: 2. circulatory - (relating to circulatory system or to circulation of the blood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CirculatorySystem :guid "bd58f31b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cardiovascular system1n", "circulatory system1n" ; :wordnet "cardiovascular system", "circulatory system" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$AnimalBodyPart and #$ConnectedPathSystem. Each instance of #$CirculatorySystem is a system of organs and body parts, found in #$Vertebrates and some other animals, which function together to circulate the animal's blood throughout its body, supplying needed substances to its cells and removing waste products from them. An instance of #$CirculatorySystem is typically composed of blood vessels, heart, spleen, etc., considered as an interrelated functional system of each animal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circulatory system' in WordNet: 1. (1) circulatory system, cardiovascular system - (the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :PathSystem, :PipingSystem-Generic, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodVessel ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodCirculation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Circumcision :guid "bd589702-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "circumcision2n", "circumcision3n" ; :wordnet "circumcision" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'circumcision' in WordNet; the religious rite(s) can be a subtype. in WordNet: 2. circumcision - (the act of circumcising performed on males eight days after birth as a Jewish and Muslim religious rite) 3. circumcision - (the act of circumcising; surgical removal of the foreskin of males) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OptionalSurgery, :RemovingPhysically . :Circumference :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "circumference1n", "perimeter2n" ; :wordnet "circumference", "perimeter" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Circumference'' a property assigned to an Object of two dimensions or the *largest* planar section of an Object having three dimensions, which have a well-defined border on all sides in the two or three dimensions in which it is defined. This includes planar objects like a circle or triangle or area on the Earth's surface, as well as 3-D objects like a sphere or cube or a physical ''Ball'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circumference' in WordNet: 1. (1) circumference, perimeter - (the size of something as given by the distance around it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Size . :Circumstance :ldoce "case" ; :wnsense "case3n", "circumstance1n", "event2n" ; :wordnet "case", "circumstance", "event" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A special or distinguished situation, real or hypothetical, that has significance to a person and may lead to some course of action. This is one sense of 'case' as: 'in that case, we should . . .'. 'under those circumstances . . . ' This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circumstance' and sense 3 of 'case' in Wordnet: WN 'case': 3. (237) event, case - (a special set of circumstances; 'in that event, the first possibility is excluded'; 'it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled') WN noun 'cicrumstance': 1. (39) circumstance - (a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case . :Circus :wnsense "circus2n" ; :wordnet "circus" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Circus'' is one or more performances of acts by a ''CircusTroupe''. Circuses vary in content, in some cases not having trained animals as part. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'circus' in WordNet: 2. (2) circus - (performance given by a traveling company of acrobats clowns and trained animals; 'the children always love to go to the circus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CircusTroupe ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :CircusTent :wnsense "big top1n", "circus tent1n", "round top1n", "top11n" ; :wordnet "big top", "circus tent", "round top", "top" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CircusTent'' may have a circular cross-section but not necessarily - it can have two or more circular portions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circus tent' in WordNet: 1. circus tent, big top, round top, top - (a canvas tent to house the audience at a circus performance; 'he was afraid of a fire in the circus tent'; 'they had the big top up in less than an hour') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CanvasTent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circus ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :CircusTroupe :guid "bd58b57f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "circus1n" ; :wordnet "circus" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CircusTroupe'' includes as 'members' all the people and animals that perform for the audience. CYC: 'Circus': An on-the-road organization of performers, including animals, lion tamers, tightrope walkers, trapeze artists, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circus' in WordNet: 1. (2) circus - (a travelling company of entertainers; including trained animals; \"he ran away from home to join the circus\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialOrganization, :EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization, :Troupe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ringmaster ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circus ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Cirque :guid "ce4c1282-24da-41d7-8ee2-9e4d6fdd12c3" ; :wnsense "cirque1n", "corrie1n", "cwm1n" ; :wordnet "cirque", "corrie", "cwm" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bowl-like hollow partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley. #ToDo: should add 'GeographicalBasin' 'cwm' (pr. 'koom') is from the Welsh(!) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cirque' in WordNet: 1. cirque, corrie, cwm - (a steep-walled semicircular basin in a mountain; may contain a lake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :Concavity, :GeographicalDepresson, :Ground, :OutdoorGeographicalObject, :OutdoorObject . :CirrusCloud :guid "c0fbac3d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cirrus cloud1n", "cirrus2n" ; :wordnet "cirrus", "cirrus cloud" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of wispy high ice clouds that often preceed a warm front. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cirrus cloud' in WordNet: 1. cirrus, cirrus cloud - (a wispy white cloud (usually of fine ice crystals) at a high altitude (4 to 8 miles)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cloud, :InanimateObject-Natural . :CitadelAreaOfHue :guid "be768018-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isSmallerThan :HueArea ; a :Neighborhood ; rdfs:comment """The area of the #$CityOfHueVietnam in which #$TheCitadel-CityOfHueVietnam is located.""" . :Citation :wnsense "acknowledgment2n", "citation3n", "cite1n", "credit7n", "mention2n", "quotation1n", "reference2n" ; :wordnet "acknowledgment", "citation", "cite", "credit", "mention", "quotation", "reference" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Citation'' is a ''Reference'' to all or part of a previously published ''ConceptualWork'', that includes the location where that ''ConceptualWork'' can be obtained. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citation' in WordNet: 3. citation, cite, acknowledgment, credit, reference, mention, quotation - (a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage; 'the student's essay failed to list several important citations'; 'the acknowledgments are usually printed at the front of a book'; 'the article includes mention of similar clinical cases') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConceptualWorkAddress ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConceptualWork ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Citing ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Cities :en "cities", "city group", "group of cities" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Any Group of ''City''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :City ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Citing :wnsense "cite3v", "reference1v" ; :wordnet "cite", "reference" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Citing'' is a ''Mentioning'' that refers to some prevously published (in any form) ''ConceptualWork''. . Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'cite' in WordNet: 3. (3) reference, cite - (refer to; 'he referenced his colleagues' work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mentioning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Citation ] . :Citizen :wnsense "citizen1n" ; :wordnet "citizen" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Citizen is a Citizen of some Country. Not necessarily a 'Resident''?? e.g. dual citizenship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citizen' in Wordnet: 1. (29) citizen - (a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ] . :Citizenry :wnsense "citizenry1n" ; :wordnet "citizenry" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Citizenry is the GroupOfPeople consisting of all of the Citizens of some Country, State, or other Geopolitical Entity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citizenry' in Wordnet: 1. citizenry, people - (the body of citizens of a state or country; 'the Spanish people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Citizen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :areCitizensOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :GeopoliticalEntity ] . :CitizenryOfTheNewOrleans :areCitizensOf :NewOrleans ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; :wasHarmedInEvent :TheNewOrleansFloodOf2005 ; a :Citizenry, :GenericAgent, :GenericVictim ; rdfs:comment """The Group consisting of all of the Citizens of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana..""" . :CitizenryOfTheUSA :areCitizensOf :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :Citizenry ; rdfs:comment "The Group consisting of all of the Citizens of the USA." . :Citizenship :guid "bd58961d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "citizenship1n", "nationality1n" ; :wordnet "citizenship", "nationality" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The PersistentState of ''Citizenship'' is 'being a Citizen' of some Country. The Country can be inferred from the relation ''isaCitizenOf''' for the ''Citizen'' Role referenced, One may create subtypes of Citizen to specify Citizenhip in a particular country. This is what is usually used in Visa documents. In CYC this type seems to be represented by 'Nationality', but that term is used to refer to country of origin in COSMO. CYC 'Nationality': A collection of collections. Each instance of #$Nationality is the collection of all people who are citizens of some country, or who are participants in its #$NationalCulture to some significant degree - or else are instances of #$StatelessPerson. Instances include #$UnitedStatesPerson, #$FrenchPerson, and #$AustralianCitizenOrSubject. See also the first-order collection #$PersonWithNationality. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citizenship' and sense 1 of 'nationality' in WordNet: 1. citizenship - (the status of a citizen with rights and duties) WN noun 'nationality': 1. nationality - (the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingaMemberOfaGroup, :HumanActivity, :Status, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Citizen ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :CitrusFruit :guid "bd58e866-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "citrous fruit1n", "citrus fruit1n", "citrus1n" ; :wordnet "citrous fruit", "citrus", "citrus fruit" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of individual citrus fruits. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citrus fruit' in WordNet: 1. citrus, citrus fruit, citrous fruit - (any of numerous fruits of the genus Citrus having thick rind and juicy pulp; grown in warm regions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitRind ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :CitrusFruitTree :guid "bd58ae84-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "citrus tree1n", "citrus2n" ; :wordnet "citrus", "citrus tree" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'citrus tree' in WordNet: 1. citrus, citrus tree - (any of numerous tropical usually thorny evergreen trees of the genus Citrus having leathery evergreen leaves and widely cultivated for their juicy edible fruits having leathery aromatic rinds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitTree . :City :ldoce "city" ; :wnsense "city2n" ; :wordnet "city" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A GeopoliticalEntity which is usually called a 'city' or 'municipality'. This will be the most common referent for a city in relations in the ontology, unless the government or the area of the city is specifically intended as the referent. This GeopoliticalEntity may in fact be called a 'City', 'Borough', 'Township', 'Village' or some other name, but in general it will be the smallest GeopoliticalEntity with a separate government body, in that Country or State. NOTE that a City is not the land area (for which see 'CityRegion') nor solely the governement, but a composite entity: A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO is a composite Entity which (1) is an agent (2) claims control over some land area of the earth (3) has a government, which is also an agent. NRe that the restriction requires representation of a CityRegion for each instance of City represented - so that the proper sense of locations will be represented. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'city' in WordNet: 2. (103) city - (an incorporated administrative district established by state charter; 'the city raised the tax rate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Municipality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CityRegion :CityArea ) ] ; owl:onProperty :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urban ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CityArea :wnsense "city1n", "metropolis1n", "urban center1n" ; :wordnet "city", "metropolis", "urban center" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeographicalArea'' whose boundaries are the same as those of the corresponding 'CityRegion''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'city' in WordNet: 1. (320) city, metropolis, urban center - (a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts; 'Ancient Troy was a great city') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityObject, :HumanResidenceArea, :UrbanArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CityRegion :City ) ] ] . :CityBlock :guid "bdf4b730-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "block" ; :wnsense "block2n", "city block1n" ; :wordnet "block", "city block" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of urban regions. Instances of #$CityBlock are usually roughly rectangular regions within cities or towns that are bounded by four streets running approximately at right angles to each other, and such that they do not spatially subsume any other such regions. City blocks are often divided into one or more instances of #$LotOfLand, on which typically stand houses or other buildings. This is a portion of a named 'city' and is therefore a subtype of ''CityArea'' rather than UrbanArea. NOTE that it is allowed that a CityBlock either include or exclude the sidewalks; therefore it may be adjacent to a 'Street' (including sidewalks) or 'Street-RoadwayOnly' (excluding sidewalks). NOTE: This is a PhysicalObject. A block can be empty of structures, so there is no necessary connection. A CityBlock may have some thoroughfares in it - access roads, driveways, so it is not necessarily devoid of roadways. The usage will be conventional, that is, anything usually thought of or referred to in the same sense as a well-demarcated city block can be represented as an instance of CityBlock, even if it is not neatly adjoined by urban streets on every side. SUMO: A square-shaped area surrounded by Roadways which is part of a City and typically contains Buildings. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'block' in WordNet: 2. (6) block, city block - (a rectangular area in a city surrounded by streets and usually containing several buildings; 'he lives in the next block') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Street-RoadwayOnly :Street ) ] ] . :CityCenter :wnsense "central city1n", "city center1n", "city centre1n" ; :wordnet "central city", "city center", "city centre" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'city center' in WordNet: 1. city center, city centre, central city - (the central part of a city) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityArea, :MiddleOfAnObject . :CityDistrict :wnsense "city district1n" ; :wordnet "city district" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AdministrativeDistrict'' that is part of a City, not necessarily corresponding to official political district lines. See also 'Neighborhood', which seems to overlap, but the distinctions have not yet (rev1103) been detailed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'city district' in WordNet: 1. city district - (a district of a town or city) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministrativeDistrict, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Municipality ] . :CityGovernment :guid "c10aef08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "municipal government1n" ; :wordnet "municipal government" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CityGovernment is the Organization that is the government of a City and has jurisdiction over the CityRegion. From Cyc: #$City is a specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntity and #$UrbanArea. Each instance of #$City is a local human settlement which has its own government. This includes cities, towns, suburbs, villages, hamlets, and townships, as long as they have their own governments. A city government is usually mostly autonomous from the governments of its surrounding regions, rather than being a sub-organization of them. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'muncipal government' in WordNet: 1. municipal government - (the government of a municipality) """^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :Government, :LocalOrganization . :CityObject :ldoce "city" ; :wnsense "city1n" ; :wordnet "city" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CityObject'' is the Group of all PhysicalObjects (including the ''CityArea'' occupying the whole of the CityRegion) within a ''CityRegion''. This differs from ''CityRegion'' to make the distinctions clear between a geopolitical agent, the spatial region controlled by that agent, and the physical objects in that spatial region. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'city' in WordNet: 1. (320) city, metropolis, urban center - (a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts; 'Ancient Troy was a great city') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CityRegion ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ] . :CityOfficial a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''PublicOfficial'' serving in a paid position in any ''City''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicOfficial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :City ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :CityPark :guid "c10c2840-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "park" ; :wnsense "common1n", "commons1n", "green2n", "park2n" ; :wordnet "common", "commons", "green", "park" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'Park-City' in Cyc. This is for City-owned parks. A private 'park' would not be in this category. This type of 'Park' should have some greenery, not necesarily the majority of the space (e.g. Washington Square Park in NYC). Cyc: Parks managed by the city government of the city in which they are located. Includes noun sense 2 of 'park' in WordNet, but also included parks that are heavily wooded: in WordNet: 2. (5) park, commons, common, green - (a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area; 'they went for a walk in the park') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Park, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :City ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :City ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urban ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CityQuarter :ldoce "quarter" ; :wnsense "quarter2n" ; :wordnet "quarter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances of 'Quarter' are one of the CityAreas that have some distinctive character. Not every such district is called a 'quarter', and being an instance of this type depends more on community terminology than any definable characteristic. 'the Latin Quarter of new orleans' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quarter' in WordNet: 2. (4) quarter - (a district of a city having some distinguishing character; 'the Latin Quarter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityArea . :CityRegion :ldoce "city" ; :wnsense "city1n", "metropolis1n", "urban center1n" ; :wordnet "city", "metropolis", "urban center" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The spatial region of the Earth's surface encompassed by the borderlines of a City. COSMO Note: in SUMO named 'City'. Here we make it unambigous that it is the spatial region containing the physical part of the Earth that is represented, not the physical objects in the region, nor the governmental organization that controls the region.. The physical objects in that region are represented separately, and are located at the geopolitical area SUMO: A LandArea of relatively small size, inhabited by a community of people, and having some sort of political structure. Note that this class includes both large cities and small settlements like towns, villages, hamlets, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'city' in WordNet: 1. (320) city, metropolis, urban center - (a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts; 'Ancient Troy was a great city') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :CountryRegion :Object :LocationType :ObjectType ) ] ] . :CityStateString a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CityStateString is an AbstractString that represents a 'Municipality'. The string may have, in addition to a city name, the name (or abbreviation) of a state or province, and possibly also the name of a country. The string should unambiguously identify some City. Examples are 'New York, New York', 'New York, NY', 'New York, NY, USA'. There is no restriction on format for this type other than that the city should be first, followed by the state(province), if any, followed by the country, if any. A city name alone can be unambiguous if it is a very large city or capital of a country: Cairo is Cairo, Egypt; Moscow is Moscow, Russia. For other Cairos or Moscows, the state and possibly country will need to be included.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormattedString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Municipality ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Civic :pertainsTo :City ; :wnsense "civic1adj" ; :wordnet "civic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Civic'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''City'' or to things specific to a certain city. @mod45 Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'civic' in WordNet: 1. (4) civic - (of or relating or belonging to a city; 'civic center'; 'civic problems') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Civil :pertainsTo :Citizen, :Citizenry ; :wnsense "civic2adj", "civil4adj" ; :wordnet "civic", "civil" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Civil'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the ''Citizenry'' and to individual citizens, and to aspects of being a citizen, as 'civil rights'. @mod45 Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'civil' in WordNet: 4. civil, civic - (of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals; 'civil rights'; 'civil liberty'; 'civic duties'; 'civic pride') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CivilSuit :wnsense "civil suit1n" ; :wordnet "civil suit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CivilSuit'' is a ''Lawsuit'' concerning matters not alleging criminal activity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'civil suit' in WordNet: 1. civil suit - (a lawsuit alleging violations of civil law by the defendant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourtCase . :Civilian :guid "c10084d4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "civilian1n" ; :wordnet "civilian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Persons who are not members of military organizations. SUMO: Someone who is not a member of a ModernMilitaryOrganization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'civilian' in Wordnet: 1. (2) civilian - (a nonmilitary citizen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole ; owl:disjointWith :MilitaryPerson . :Civilization :wnsense "civilization1n" ; :wordnet "civilization" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of people who have complex practices and social relations. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'Civilization' in WordNet: 1. (17) civilization, civilisation - (a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations); 'the people slowly progressed from barbarism to civilization') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Society . :Civilized :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CivilizingaCulture ; :isTheOppositeOf :Barbaric ; :wnsense "civilised1adj", "civilized1adj" ; :wordnet "civilised", "civilized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'civilized' in Wordnet: 1. civilized, civilised - (having a high state of culture and development both social and technological; 'terrorist acts that shocked the civilized world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :CivilizingaCulture :wnsense "civilise2v", "civilize2v" ; :wordnet "civilise", "civilize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CivilizingaCulture'' is a form of ''ModifyingBehavior'' in which some uncivilized individual or a relatively homogeneous or isolated 'society' with some existing culture learns how to behave in a manner considered 'civilized' (as contrasted with 'barbaric'). This is considered in COSMO as an ''ImprovementEvent''. For a society, this may be caused primarily by internal processes, or by a strong modifying contact with a more 'civilized' society. It can therefore be transitive or intransitive. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'civilize' in WordNet: 2. civilize, civilise - (raise from a barbaric to a civilized state; 'The wild child found wandering in the forest was gradually civilized') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :ModifyingBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Civilized ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :PersonType :AgentType ) ] ] . :Clack :wnsense "clack1n" ; :wordnet "clack" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the kind of noise made by a metal object or a hard wooden object hitting another hard wooden object. NOTE: the 'clap' part of the WN gloss is not included in this type. Two hands hitting each other are a 'clap' but this sound does not quite sound the same. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clack' in WordNet: 1. clack, clap - (a sharp abrupt noise as if two objects hit together; may be repeated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise . :Claim :ldoce "claim" ; :wnsense "claim1n", "claim2n" ; :wordnet "claim" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LinguisticAssertion that asserts an opinion in strong terms, or asserts a Right. Both senses are included in this type. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'claim' in WordNet: 1. (26) claim - (an assertion of a right (as to money or property); 'his claim asked for damages') 2. (11) claim - (an assertion that something is true or factual; 'his claim that he was innocent'; 'evidence contradicted the government's claims') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Claiming ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unproven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Claiming :ldoce "claim" ; :wnsense "claim1v", "contend1v" ; :wordnet "claim", "contend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Claiming'' is an ''AssertingEvent'' that produces a 'Claim', and asserts an opinion in strong terms. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'claim' in WordNet: 1. (34) claim - (assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing; 'He claimed that he killed the burglar') WN verb 'contend': 1. (11) contend, postulate - (maintain or assert; 'He contended that Communism had no future') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Claim ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Clam :guid "bd5887aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clam1n" ; :wordnet "clam" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clam' in WordNet: 1. (2) clam - (burrowing marine mollusk living on sand or mud; the shell closes with viselike firmness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bivalve . :ClamShell :wnsense "clamshell1n" ; :wordnet "clamshell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clamshell'' is the whole shell of a ''Clam'' consisting of two ''SeaShell''s hinged at one end.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clamshell' in WordNet: 1. (2) clamshell - (the shell of a clam) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyCovering, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Shell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :SeaShell ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Clamorous :isTheOppositeOf :Soft-Sound ; :wnsense "blatant2adj", "clamant1adj", "clamorous1adj", "strident1adj", "vociferous1adj" ; :wordnet "blatant", "clamant", "clamorous", "strident", "vociferous" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE; term 'vociferous' is typically used of people's speech that is insistent as well as loud Probably should be a subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clamorous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) blatant, clamant, clamorous, strident, vociferous - (conspicuously and offensively loud; given to vehement outcry; 'blatant radios'; 'a clamorous uproar'; 'strident demands'; 'a vociferous mob') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Clamp :wnsense "clamp1n", "clinch4n" ; :wordnet "clamp", "clinch" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: the WN gloss suggestsit isintendedfor a U-clamp, but this type includes clams of a different type such as ''HoseClamp''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clamp' in WordNet: 1. clamp, clinch - (a device (generally used by carpenters) that holds things firmly together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :HoldingDevice . :Clan :wnsense "clan1n" ; :wordnet "clan" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfPeople, related by common descent on either the father's or mother's side. This is a term used in Anthropology. NOTE that the anthropological term is restricted to members of a clan living within some restricted geographical area. The membership criterion is narrower than that of a Sib or 'Tribe', and the Type 'Clan' is considered a subtype of 'Sib\" in COSMO. The limits on distribution of the members of a clan have not yet been set in COSMO (v 0.45). HRAF (618 CLANS): Presence of localized kin groups consisting of unilinearly related persons of one gender and their spouses and young children but not including their out-marrying siblings of opposite gender; structural type (e.g., matri-clans, patri-clans, avuncu-clans, amita-clans); size (e.g., clan-barrios, clan-communities); number and distribution; subdivision (e.g., into subclans, extended families); organization; headship and succession; functions e.g., economic, political); reciprocal relations between members ; cohesive and fissive tendencies; land holdings; relations between clans; etc. Only data on clan-barrios will normally be indexed with this term. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clan' in Wordnet: 1. (1) kin, kin group, kinship group, kindred, clan, tribe - (group of people related by blood or marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sib . :Clandestine :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :isTheOppositeOf :PubliclyKnown ; :wnsense "clandestine1adj", "cloak-and-dagger1adj", "hole-and-corner2adj", "hugger-mugger2adj", "hush-hush1adj", "secret1adj", "surreptitious2adj", "undercover1adj", "underground2adj" ; :wordnet "clandestine", "cloak-and-dagger", "hole-and-corner", "hugger-mugger", "hush-hush", "secret", "surreptitious", "undercover", "underground" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clandestine'' is an attribute of Actions that are performed with effort to avoid them becoming known or recognized for their intended purpose. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clandestine' in Wordnet: 1. (1) clandestine, cloak-and-dagger, hole-and-corner, hugger-mugger, hush-hush, secret, surreptitious, undercover, underground - (conducted with or marked by hidden aims or methods; 'clandestine intelligence operations'; 'cloak-and-dagger activities behind enemy lines'; 'hole-and-corner intrigue'; 'secret missions'; 'a secret agent'; 'secret sales of arms'; 'surreptitious mobilization of troops'; 'an undercover investigation'; 'underground resistance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Secret . :Clang :wnsense "clang1n", "clangor1n", "clangoring1n", "clangour1n", "clank1n", "clash1n", "crash1n" ; :wordnet "clang", "clangor", "clangoring", "clangour", "clank", "clash", "crash" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clang'' is a repeating ''Noise'' that has the quality of a metal object being struck. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clang' in WordNet: 1. (2) clang, clangor, clangour, clangoring, clank, clash, crash - (a loud resonant repeating noise; \"he could hear the clang of distant bells\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise . :ClappingSound :en "clapping", "clapping sound" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClappingSound'' is a ''AudibleSound'' that is a repeated series of ''HandClap''s, produced by one or more people, typically as a sign of approval for some just completed Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clap' in WordNet: 3. clack, clap - (a sharp abrupt noise as if two objects hit together; may be repeated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandClap ; owl:minCardinality "4" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Clarification :wnsense "clarification1n", "elucidation2n", "illumination3n" ; :wordnet "clarification", "elucidation", "illumination" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clarification'' is an ''Explanation'' created by a ''Clarifying'' Action that adds information to an ''UnclearAssertion'' so as to make it ''Clear'' to the listener/reader of the ''Clarification''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clarification' in WordNet: 1. clarification, elucidation, illumination - (an interpretation that removes obstacles to understanding; 'the professor's clarification helped her to understand the textbook') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Explanation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clarifying ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnclearAssertion ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Clarifying :wnsense "clarify1v", "clear up1v", "elucidate1v", "elucidation1n" ; :wordnet "clarify", "clear up", "elucidate", "elucidation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clarifying'' is an 'Explaining' that adds additional information to an ''UnclearAssertion'' to make the meaning more clear or to provide additional explanatory detail. This can be done solely with additional text, or by providing images or sounds, or even pointing to visible objects to add the clarifying information. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clarify' in WordNet: 1. (3) clarify, clear up, elucidate - (make clear and (more) comprehensible; 'clarify the mystery surrounding her death') WN noun 'elucidation': 1. elucidation - (an act of explaining that serves to clear up and cast light on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Explaining, :IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clarification ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clarification ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnclearAssertion ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Clarinet :guid "c10aede5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clarinet1n" ; :wordnet "clarinet" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: small single-reed instrument Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clarinet' in WordNet: 1. clarinet - (a single-reed instrument with a straight tube) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SingleReedWoodwindInstrument . :Clarity :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Clear-Unclouded ; :wnsense "clarity2n", "clearness2n", "limpidity2n", "pellucidity2n", "pellucidness1n", "uncloudedness1n" ; :wordnet "clarity", "clearness", "limpidity", "pellucidity", "pellucidness", "uncloudedness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Quality of a PhysicalObject (or of a substance of which such Objects are composed) that is ''Clear-Unclouded'' (as contrasted with 'opaque'or 'cloudy'.. ''Clarity'' is the nominalized form of ''Clear-Unclouded'' - things that *are* ''Clear-Unclouded'' *have* ''Clarity''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clarity' in WordNet: 2. (1) clearness, clarity, uncloudedness - (the quality of clear water; 'when she awoke the clarity was back in her eyes') WN noun 'limpidity': 2. pellucidness, pellucidity, limpidity - (passing light without diffusion or distortion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clear-Unclouded ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Clasp :wnsense "clasp1n" ; :wordnet "clasp" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fastener that holds two Objects (which could be ends of the same Object) together. There are several designs, and all are included in this type. A common usage is for the clasp on a necklace or bracelet that holds the two ends together. In COSMO this type includes the looped part of a pin (e.g. safety pin or pin on a button that is worn on clothing, or the ''U-ShapedClasp'' on a ''Padlock''. RHW: a device, usually of metal, for fastening together two or more things or parts of the same thing: a clasp for paper money; a clasp on a necklace. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clasp' in Wordnet: 1. clasp - (a fastener (as a buckle or hook) that is used to hold two things together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfObjects ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToConnect ] . :ClassInstructionPlan :wnsense "course of study1n", "curriculum1n", "syllabus1n" ; :wordnet "course of study", "curriculum", "syllabus" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClassInstructionPlan'' is a ''CourseOfInstructionPlan'' for one course taught by one Teacher (for one semester or one year) that includes several lectures (possibly occurring on a singe day, but usually spread out over days or months) created by some educator (usually being or including the Teacher of the course) as the method for imparting knowledge of one general subject to students. There will be different details of the subject taught on different days,but the whole will constitute some organized presentation of a part of a ''FieldOfStudy'' NOTE that this is the ''Plan'' (an abstract specification) for teaching a course(s): the curriculum that forms a course of study is represented by ''CourseOfInstruction''. The plan for group of course instructors or multiple topics or for an institution or educational system is the parent type 'CourseOfInstructionPlan''. For a coure of lectures executing a ''ClassInstructionPlan'' for a single course taught by (or under the control of) one Teacher, use ''CourseOfLectures''. ''1. course of lectures - (a series of lectures dealing with a subject)'' This is approximately equivalent to the term 'curriculum' in WordNet: 1. (7) course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus - (an integrated course of academic studies; 'he was admitted to a new program at the university') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourseOfInstructionPlan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourseOfInstruction ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :ClassSession :en "class", "class session" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClassSession'' is *one* of the periodic ''Session''s in which ''Student''s go to class (perform a ''AttendingaClass''Action) at some ''SchoolBuilding''. This is a subtype of ''Meeting'' in which Students and (at least one) ''Teacher'' are involved. RHW 'class': 4. a meeting of a group of students for instruction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Session, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttendingaClass ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SchoolBuilding ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ; owl:someValuesFrom :SchoolSessionTime ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ClassroomAttendees :Teacher ) ] ] . :Classic :guid "94d19b3e-74b9-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "classic1adj", "classic2adj" ; :wordnet "classic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc this is an object, here reinterpreted as an AttributeValue. Cyc: The attribute that describes those things that have a formal, traditional, balanced style; which adhere to high standards and principles; which have been evaluated and are considered standard and authoritative. Classics maintain their standing as models of their kind over time. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'classic' in Wordnet: 1. (6) classic - (characteristic of the classical artistic and literary traditions) 2. (4) classic - (adhering to established standards and principles; 'a classic proof') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ClassicLiterature a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ClassicLiterature'' is the collective term for literary works that are not considered recent, and have achieved some level of approval for their quality or significance -mostly novels and poetry. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Antique ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Classic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ClassicThing :guid "94d19b3e-74b9-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CoSMO note: This concept in Cyc is named 'Classic'. Cyc: The attribute that describes those things that have a formal, traditional, balanced style; which adhere to high standards and principles; which have been evaluated and are considered standard and authoritative. Classics maintain their standing as models of their kind over time.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Classic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Classical :pertainsTo :Classic, :ClassicLiterature ; :wnsense "classical1adj", "classical2adj" ; :wordnet "classical" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Classical' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to significant pre-modern things (art, methods, ideas) or to more recent ideas or methods that have achieved widespread use and appreciation. Includes adjective senses 1 and part of sense 2 of 'classical' in WordNet: 1. (8) classical - (of or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times) 2. (2) authoritative, classical, definitive - (of recognized authority or excellence; 'the definitive work on Greece'; 'classical methods of navigation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ClassicalMusic :wnsense "classical music1n", "serious music1n" ; :wordnet "classical music", "serious music" ; a :EventType, :GenreType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ClassicalMusic'' is a type of ''Music'' that is usually longer in time than instances of ''PopularMusic'' and appeals to serious students of music, and is distinct from ''PopularMusic'' in being most often performed by an orchestra, string quartet, or other instrument groups including strings, rather that with with a guitar or saxaphone This is the actual music, not an abstract genre. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classical music' in WordNet: 1. classical music, classical, serious music - (traditional genre of music conforming to an established form and appealing to critical interest and developed musical taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music . :Classification :wnsense "classification2n" ; :wordnet "classification" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Classification'' is a Group of ''SortedGroup''s where each member of the consitituent ''SortedGroup''s has some set of characteristics (described by a ''Sort'') in common with the others, those characteristic(s) providing the basis for its assignment to that ''SortedGroup''. If starting with an existing set of ''Sort''s and an unclassified Group, the act of ''Classifying'' will produce a ''Classification''. If starting with an unanalysed Group of things to be sorted into separate categories, then a ''Categorizing'' Action can be performed to first produce a set of ''Sort''s by performing an ''AnalyzingGroupProperties'' Action, and then doing a ''Classifying'' in which the starting Group to be classified can be assigned to the ''Sort''s created in the fist step. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'classification' in Wordnet: 2. (7) classification, categorization, categorisation - (a group of people or things arranged by class or category) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SortedGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Classifying ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Categorizing ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Classified :guid "b49fa5ee-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Information ; :isTheOppositeOf :PubliclyKnown, :Unclassified ; :wnsense "classified2adj" ; :wordnet "classified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: #$Classified is attribute anything has if it is classified. This attribute is normally associated with documents, computers, or physical facilities. ''Classified'' is a more intensive degree of 'Confidential'' specifically used to characterize information that has been formally 'classified' by a governmental procedure for declaring information to be restricted in distribution. A 'Classified'' document is supposed to have some form 'Classified' mark on it, although copies may lose that mark in one manner or another and are still considered by government agencies to be ''Classified''. Unauthorized transmission of ''Classified''information to persons ineligible to receive it can carry strong legal penalties. A ''Classified' docuent can lose that status if it becomes 'declassified' by official process. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'classified' in Wordnet: 2. classified - (official classification of information or documents; withheld from general circulation; 'thousands of classified documents have now been declassified') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Confidential . :ClassifiedAdvertisement :guid "bfe816fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "classified ad1n", "classified advertisement1n", "classified1n" ; :wordnet "classified", "classified ad", "classified advertisement" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClassifiedAdvertisement'' is a 'NewspaperAdvertisement' (an 'AbstractDocument') that is part of the 'classified ads' section of an abstract ''NewspaperIssue''. NOTE: This is the *abstract* version of the ad, which is represented by a part of a physical newspaper. (You can't cut this out of the 'paper') CYC: 'ClassifiedAd': A collection of ads (#$Advertisement-CW) that are part of a group of ads published together in one section of a #$PeriodicalIssue or otherwise made available together, and arranged into categories depending on the type or content of the ads. #$ClassifiedAds are generally short, consisting of just a few lines of #$TextualMaterial. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classified advertisement' in WordNet: 1. classified ad, classified advertisement, classified - (a short ad in a newspaper or magazine (usually in small print) and appearing along with other ads of the same type) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NewspaperAdvertisement . :Classifier :wnsense "classifier1n" ; :wordnet "classifier" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Classifier'' is a ''Thinker'' who creates 'classification's.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classifier' in WordNet: 1. (1) classifier - (a person who creates classifications) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thinker . :ClassifierWord :wnsense "classifier2n" ; :wordnet "classifier" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the use of this type of 'classifier' is used in some language, Japanese is one. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'classifier' in WordNet: 2. classifier - (a word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts (such as counting) to indicate the semantic class in which an item belongs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :Classifying :en "classifying" ; :guid "bdaac633-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "categorise1v", "categorize1v", "classify3v" ; :wordnet "categorise", "categorize", "classify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which an agent comes to believe that some Object or Group of Objects or Event belongs as an element of some **previously known** ''SortedGroup'' (described by some ''Sort'' - a class, type, or category ), and takes some action to add that Object (in any of various ways) to the proper type. This is a subtype of ''Sorting'', and creates a ''Classification'', which is a Group of ''SortedGroup''s each of which is described by one of the starting ''Sort''s. This can be simply a test to see if any members of the Groups have some specific desirable or undesirable property, so the number of resulting groups can be as small as two. See subtype ''ScreeningaGroupOfThings'' This is for adding things to one or more a previously created ''SortedGrooup''s (informally referred to a categories or kinds or sorts). For the action of first *creating* ''Sorts'' for the purpose of analyzing a Group of things into useful subgroups, and then''Classifying'' those elements by assigning them to the categories created, use ''Categorizing''. In Cyc called 'IdentifyingObjectAsType' Cyc: The subcollection of #$Identifying in which the #$identifiedThings are (correctly) identified as belonging to some type (represented in the #$CycKB as a collection). For example identifying a tree as an Oak tree, i.e. as an instance of #$OakTree, is an example of an action in this collection. See #$identifiedAsType and #$IdentifyingAsTypeFn as well as #$identifiedThing. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'classify' and sense 1 of 'categorize' in WordNet: 3. relegate, classify - (assign to a class or kind; 'How should algae be classified?'; 'People argue about how to relegate certain mushrooms') WN 'categorize': 1. (1) categorize, categorise - (place into or assign to a category; 'Children learn early on to categorize') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Categorizing, :Recognizing, :Sorting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Classification ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :SortedGroup ] . :Classmate :wnsense "class fellow1n", "classmate1n", "schoolfellow1n", "schoolmate1n" ; :wordnet "class fellow", "classmate", "schoolfellow", "schoolmate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Classmate'' is a ''Student'' who is attending or has attended at least one ''Class'' or ''CourseOfInstruction'' with another member of the same instance of ''Classmates''. All the members of a specific ''Classmates'' Groupeah ''Classmates'' of each other. It is *not* necessary (as the WN gloss suggests) for any two ''Classmate''s to be acquainted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classmate' in WordNet: 1. (1) schoolmate, classmate, schoolfellow, class fellow - (an acquaintance that you go to school with) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Student, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :TakingaCourse ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Classmates ] . :Classmates :en "classmates" ; :enn "classmates" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Classmates'' is a 'ClassroomAttendees'' Group that have attended some ''CourseOfInstruction'' at the same ''EducationalOrganization'' during the same ''SchoolSession'' at the same ''SchoolSessionTime''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssemblageOfPeople, :SchoolGrade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttendingTheSameClass ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Classmate ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Classroom :guid "bd58f05f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity :Teaching ; :wnsense "classroom1n", "schoolroom1n" ; :wordnet "classroom", "schoolroom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Class rooms are rooms filled with desks or tables where teaching and learning takes place. SUMO: Any Room in a School where education takes place. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'classroom' in Wordnet: 1. (5) classroom, schoolroom - (a room in a school where lessons take place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room . :ClassroomAttendees :wnsense "class2n", "form13n" ; :wordnet "class", "form" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ClassroomAttendees'' is an ''AssemblageOfPeople'' that is the Group of students that are physically present in the ''Classroom'' during a ''ClassSession'' in some ''SchoolBuilding''. NOTE: the generic group of students at a particular educational level, at any school, is represented as a ''SchoolGrade''. NOTE; this is for the students in one classroom session (1 hour or so in high school or college, morning or afternoon in grammar school). The stdents in one 'grade' (year) in one school may be in different classrooms. @ToDo: Need a different type for that. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'class' in WordNet: 2. (192) class, form, grade - (a body of students who are taught together; 'early morning classes are always sleepy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssemblageOfPeople, :SchoolGrade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttendingaClass ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Student ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Classy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Elegance ; :wnsense "classy1adj", "posh1adj", "swish1adj" ; :wordnet "classy", "posh", "swish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Classy'' is both Elegant and Fashionable. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'classy' in Wordnet: 1. classy, posh, swish - (elegant and fashionable; 'classy clothes'; 'a classy dame'; 'a posh restaurant'; 'a swish pastry shop on the Rue du Bac'- Julia Child) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elegant, :Fashionable . :Clastic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Rock ; :wnsense "clastic1adj" ; :wordnet "clastic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Used for ''Rock''s - also for ''Stone'' substances?? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clastic' in Wordnet: 1. clastic - (of or belonging to or being a rock composed of fragments of older rocks (e.g., conglomerates or sandstone)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Heterogeneous . :ClaudeJosephRougetdeLisle :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isTheCreatorOf :Marseillaise ; a :Creator, :DeadPerson, :IntelligentAgent, :MalePerson . :Clause :wnsense "article3n", "clause1n" ; :wordnet "article", "clause" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clause' in WordNet: 2. (1) article, clause - (a separate section of a legal document (as a statute or contract or will)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Subdivision, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalDocument ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :Claustrophobia :guid "be6977c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "claustrophobia1n" ; :wordnet "claustrophobia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'claustrophobia' in WordNet: 1. (1) claustrophobia - (a morbid fear of being closed in a confined space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phobia . :Clavicle :guid "bd58e28d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clavicle1n", "collarbone1n" ; :wordnet "clavicle", "collarbone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$Clavicle, also known as the 'collarbone', is the #$Bone-BodyPart in front of body just below the neck. It connects the #$RibCage to the forelimbs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clavicle' in WordNet: 1. clavicle, collarbone - (bone linking the scapula and sternum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trunk-BodyCore ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sternum ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShoulderBone ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ] . :Clavier :wnsense "Klavier1n", "clavier2n" ; :wordnet "Klavier", "clavier" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clavier' in WordNet: 2. clavier, Klavier - (a stringed instrument that has a keyboard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :MusicalInstrument-Acoustic, :StringInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PianoKeyboard ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Claw :guid "bd58dc29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "claw1n", "claw3n", "claw4n" ; :wordnet "claw" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the generic 'claw', a ''HolderGripper'' whose subtypes are found on the feet of mammals and birds and also at the ends of the arms of arthropods, such as lobsters, crabs,and ''Scorpion''s. The common property is to be at the end of an extremity, and to be hard . For the pointy-ended 'claw' on the toes of mammals and birds use ''ToeClaw''. For the bird-foot 'claw' on birds use ''BirdClaw''. For the pincer 'claw' on a lobster use ''Pincer''. CYC: Sharp, pointed protrusions at the end of the extremities of many animals. Includes noun senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'claw' in WordNet: 1. (2) claw - (sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles) 3. (1) claw, chela, nipper, pincer - (a grasping structure on the limb of a crustacean or other arthropods) 4. claw - (a bird's foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :HolderGripper, :Nail-AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limb-AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :Clay :ldoce "clay" ; :wnsense "clay1n" ; :wordnet "clay" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of soil that is mostly ''InorganicMaterial''. This is the broadest sense, including clay that is still moist as well as dried clay (dried naturally or artificially). See 'FiredClay' for the subtype that was dried in a ''Kiln''. Random House Webster sense 1a: a : an earthy material that is plastic when moist but hard when fired, that is composed mainly of fine particles of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, and that is used for brick, tile, and pottery; specifically : soil composed chiefly of this material having particles less than a specified size Sense 1 in Wordnet: 1. (11) clay - (a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SoftSolidInorganicStuff, :Soil . :Clean :isTheOppositeOf :Dirty ; :wnsense "clean1adj" ; :wordnet "clean" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of objects or substances that do not have perceptible Impurity. This is evaluative because whether something is an Impurity is usually relative to a purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clean' in WordNet: 1. (18) clean - (free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits; 'children with clean shining faces'; 'clean white shirts'; 'clean dishes'; 'a spotlessly clean house'; 'cats are clean animals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :CleaningDevice :en "cleaning device" ; :guid "bd58b64c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$CleaningDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$CleaningDevice is a device, manually powered or otherwise, whose #$primaryFunction is to be used in cleaning things. Specializations of #$CleaningDevice include #$Mop, #$Dishwasher, #$ShoeBrush, and #$ClothesWasher. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CleaningEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :CleaningEvent :eng "cleaning" ; :guid "bd58c9de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "clean" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :ContaminationEvent ; :wnsense "clean1v" ; :wordnet "clean" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO this is interpreted as including an Event in which an undesirable substance is removed from a substance of which it is part, even when the contaminant is not in solid form. Thus deionizing water would be a CleaningEvent. NOTE: this is for an Action that removes *some* of the contaminant. For a ''CleaningEvent'' that restores the cotaminated object to its (apparently) original condition use subtype ''Cleanup''. Cyc: A collection of events and a specialization of #$RemovingSomething and #$TakingCareOfSomething. In each #$Cleaning event, dirt (or some other unwanted substance) is removed from the #$objectOfStateChange of that event. If a #$Cleaning event is successful, then the #$Dirtiness level of the object will have been lowered. A notable specialization of this collection is #$Scrubbing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'clean' in Wordnet: 1. (16) clean, make clean - (make clean by removing dirt, filth, or unwanted substances from; 'Clean the stove!'; 'The dentist cleaned my teeth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :MaintainingAnObject, :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :Person :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dirtying ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CleaningDevice ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :CleaningImplement :guid "bd589192-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cleaning implement1n" ; :wordnet "cleaning implement" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$HandTool and #$CleaningDevice. Each instance of #$CleaningImplement is a hand-held tool used for cleaning something. Notable specializations of #$CleaningImplement include #$Mop, #$DentalPick, #$WashCloth, #$FacialTissue, and #$ShoeBrush. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cleaning implement' in WordNet: 1. cleaning implement - (any of a large class of implements used for cleaning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningDevice, :HandTool . :CleaningSubstance :guid "bd58d9cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cleaner1n", "cleanser1n", "cleansing agent1n" ; :wordnet "cleaner", "cleanser", "cleansing agent" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cleaning aids of all types, including scouring powders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cleanser' in WordNet: 1. cleansing agent, cleanser, cleaner - (a preparation used in cleaning something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :CleaningTeeth a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CleaningTeeth'' can be done by a person on his/her own teeth, or by a dentist or hygeinist. It can be e.g. brushing, scraping, picking.. Cyc: This is the collection of all complex actions the focal point of which is brushing one's own teeth. Each instance begins with the preparations for brushing one's teeth - looking for the tools - and continues through the physical act of brushing, ending only after the cleaning up-putting away the tools-is finished. For the simple physical action of brushing one's teeth, see #$TeethCleaning. There is no WordNet sense of 'brush' specifically for teeth, but that is one use of the word: 'She showered, brushed, and dressed in under fifteen minutes'; 'you should brush after every meal'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningEvent, :HumanActivity, :PersonalGrooming, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SetOfTeeth ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ] . :CleaningaFloor a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CleaningaFloor'' is a ''CleaningaSurfaceEvent'' accomplshed by Rubbing a ''Mop'', cloth, towel, paper towel, sponge, or other soft object over a ''Floor'' for the purpose of removing material from the ''Floor''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :CleaningaSurfaceEvent, :Rubbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ; owl:someValuesFrom :Floor ] . :CleaningaSurfaceEvent :ldoce "clean" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :ContaminationEvent ; :wnsense "clean1v" ; :wordnet "clean" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a subtype of 'CleaningEvent' in which only the surface portion of a physical object is cleaned - by washing, wiping, polishing, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ; owl:someValuesFrom :OuterPhysicalSurface ] . :Cleansing :eng "cleansing" ; :wnsense "cleanse1v" ; :wordnet "cleanse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CleaningEvent'' in which what is cleaned is some part of the surface of a human body. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cleanse' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cleanse, clean - (clean one's body or parts thereof, as by washing; 'clean up before you see your grandparents'; 'clean your fingernails before dinner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanBody ] . :CleansingHair :en "shampooing" ; :wnsense "shampoo1v" ; :wordnet "shampoo" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CleaningEvent'' in which what is cleaned is some part of the surface of a human body. This includes 'shampooing' but may be performed with cleaning agents other than those called ''shampoo''. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'shampoo' in Wordnet: 1. shampoo - (use shampoo on (hair)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleansing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairOnHead-Human ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ] . :Cleanup :wnsense "cleaning1n", "cleansing1n", "cleanup3n" ; :wordnet "cleaning", "cleansing", "cleanup" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The difference between ''Cleaning'' an ''Cleanup'' is that a ''Cleanup'' restores the dirtied or contaminated object to its original condition. This is a *successful* cleaning Action. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cleanup' in WordNet: 3. cleaning, cleansing, cleanup - (the act of making something clean; 'he gave his shoes a good cleaning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningEvent, :Restoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CleaningDevice ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :Clear :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :Proposition, :TextualMaterial ; :isTheOppositeOf :DifficultToUnderstand, :Unclear ; :wnsense "clear1adj" ; :wordnet "clear" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of texts, ''Assertion''s, ''Interpretation''s or ''Proposition''s which are easy to understand and do not leave unanswered questions for some Person who perceives the Assertion by any means of communition. This is an EvaluativeAttribute because texts that are incomprehensible to some people may be easy for others to understand. If an ''Assertion'' is ''Clear'', the essential part of the ''IntendedMeaning'' of that ''Assertion'' (which is in the mind of the asserter) will have the same logical structure and relation to the RealWorld as the Interpretation of that ''Assertion'' in the mind of the listener/reader. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clear' in WordNet: 1. (56) clear - (clear to the mind; 'a clear and present danger'; 'a clear explanation'; 'a clear case of murder'; 'a clear indication that she was angry'; 'gave us a clear idea of human nature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Clear-Unclouded :isTheOppositeOf :Cloudy ; :wnsense "clear4adj" ; :wordnet "clear" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clear-Unclouded'is an attribute of PhysicalObjects and substances through which light can pass with little diminution of intensity and litlle or no distortion of the image passing hrough. This is the property of a new pane of window glass or of pure water.. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'clear' in WordNet: 4. (4) clear - (free from cloudiness; allowing light to pass through; 'clear water'; 'clear plastic bags'; 'clear glass'; 'the air is clear and clean') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Clearance :wnsense "clearance2n", "headroom1n", "headway1n" ; :wordnet "clearance", "headroom", "headway" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clearance'' is a vertical 'Separation', (a ''StraightPath'') between the top surface of some PathArtifact (roadway, water surface) and the bottom of an object above it, This is used to determine if there is enough distance between the top of a TransportationDevice (RoadVehicle or Boat) and some strcture under which it pass usually a bridge or bridge-like connection between two structures, If the length of the ''Clearance'' is less than the height of the vehicle above the path surface, the device cannot pass under the bridge without damage, NOTE: to make this a ''LengthMeasure'' it would have to be the Length of some ''Distance''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clearance' in WordNet: 2. headroom, headway, clearance - (vertical space available to allow easy passage under something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Separation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Clearcutness :wnsense "clearcutness1n", "preciseness1n" ; :wordnet "clearcutness", "preciseness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clearcutness'' is a state in which the entity in focus has the quality ''Precise''; the meaning is clear due to the precision with which the assertion isstated.. This is usually used for statements conforming to truth or reality. The technical 'precision' in the degree of error allowed in measuring instrument is ''Precision''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preciseness' in WordNet: 1. preciseness, clearcutness - (clarity as a consequence of precision) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Precise ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Clearing :wnsense "clearing1n", "glade1n" ; :wordnet "clearing", "glade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clearing'' is a ''Tract' of land that is in the middle of a Woods but has few trees. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clearing' in WordNet: 1. (3) clearing, glade - (a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WoodedArea ; owl:onProperty :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :isDeficientIn ] . :ClearingaLocation :ldoce "clear" ; :wnsense "clear5v" ; :wordnet "clear" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ClearingaLocation'' is an Action in which some Object(s) or Substances are removed from an area or surface - usually in order to make a room or surface clear of objects. This corresponds to the notion of 'clearing' a desk, a shelf, an area, a room. This includes 'clearing' a room by removing all of the people - even if the people move themselves. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'clear' in WordNet: 5. (2) clear - (remove; 'clear the leaves from the lawn'; 'Clear snow from the road') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically . :ClearingaSurface :ldoce "clear" ; :wnsense "clear1v" ; :wordnet "clear" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some Object(s) are removed from a surface - usually in order to make the surface clear of objects. This corresponds to the notion of 'clearing' a desk, a shelf, an area, the floor of a room. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClearingaLocation . :Cleats :wnsense "cleats1n" ; :wordnet "cleats" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Cleats'' is a type of ''Shoe'' designed to provide traction on soft ground by having projecting metal or leather prongs attached to the soles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cleats' in WordNet: 1. cleats - (shoes with leather or metal projections on the soles; 'the football players all wore cleats') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shoe . :Cleaver :guid "bd5886c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chopper4n", "cleaver1n", "meat cleaver1n" ; :wordnet "chopper", "cleaver", "meat cleaver" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cleaver' in WordNet: 1. cleaver, meat cleaver, chopper - (a butcher's knife having a large square blade) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knife, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butcher ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butchering ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SquareBlade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Cleft :wnsense "cleft1n" ; :wordnet "cleft" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cleft' in WordNet: 1. (2) cleft - (a split or indentation in something (as the palate or chin)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indentation . :Cleft-Coastal :guid "df4c6eb0-24da-41d7-96cc-e299d9b3e44e" ; :wnsense "cleft2n", "crevice2n" ; :wordnet "cleft", "crevice" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a coastal cliff. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'cleft' in WordNet: 2. crack, cleft, crevice, fissure, scissure - (a long narrow opening) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gap-Topographical, :LandTopographicalFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coast ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cliff ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :Cleocatra :hasMassInGrams "9000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive2001-2008 ; a :Cat ; rdfs:comment """Brown female tabby living in Plainfield, NJ. Born 2001, still alive in 2008, died in 2009. Sweet and cuddly. """ . :Clergical :pertainsTo :ClericalWorker ; :wnsense "clerical2adj" ; :wordnet "clerical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clergical'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the ''Clergy'' generally and members of the clergy and the things that they do. For pertaining to'clerks' or clerical work use ''Clerical'' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'clerical' in Wordnet: 2. (1) clerical - (of or relating to the clergy; 'clerical collar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Clergy :wnsense "clergy1n" ; :wordnet "clergy" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Clergy'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' (in some context) each of which is a ''Cleric''. This can be used in restricted contexts, such as relgions or locations, not necessarily all in the world. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'clergy' , (including ''Cleric''s of all faiths) in WordNet: 1. (2) clergy - (in Christianity, clergymen collectively (as distinguished from the laity)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Cleric ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] ; owl:disjointWith :Laity . :Cleric :guid "bd58da6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clergyman1n", "cleric1n", "divine2n", "ecclesiastic1n", "man of the cloth1n", "reverend1n", "spiritual leader1n" ; :wordnet "clergyman", "cleric", "divine", "ecclesiastic", "man of the cloth", "reverend", "spiritual leader" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PersonWithOccupation and #$ReligiousPerson. Each instance of #$Cleric is a religious leader, typically in charge of some congregation (for instance, a synagogue, temple, mosque, or church). Notable specializations of #$Cleric include #$Rabbi, #$Priest, #$Mullah, and #$Minister. SUMO: The Profession of being in charge of or ministering to a ReligousOrganization. NOTE that this is not necessarily Christian, as indicated in WN 'clergyman' sense 1; also, subtype 'Cantor'' is for Jewish congregations.. Includes noun sense 1 of 'cleric' and sense 1 of 'clergyman' and sense 1 of 'spiritual leader' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cleric, churchman, divine, ecclesiastic - (a clergyman or other person in religious orders) WN 'clergyman': 1. (13) clergyman, reverend, man of the cloth - (a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church) WN 'spiritual leader': 1. spiritual leader - (a leader in religious or sacred affairs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult, :ReligiousPerson ; owl:disjointWith :Layman . :Clerical :pertainsTo :ClericalWorker ; :wnsense "clerical1adj" ; :wordnet "clerical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clerical'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Clerk''s and the kind of work that Clerks traditionally do, typing, recording stuff. For pertaining to'clergy' use ''Clergical'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clerical' in Wordnet: 1. (3) clerical - (of or relating to clerks; \"clerical work\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ClericalWorker :guid "bd588cb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clerk1n" ; :wordnet "clerk" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """employees who tally columns of numbers, do rote data entry, etc., for a living. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'clerk' in WordNet: 1. (7) clerk - (an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeskWorker . :Clever :ldoce "clever" ; :wnsense "clever1adj" ; :wordnet "clever" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Clever' is the attribute of someone who has is better than average at finding solutions to practical problems (as contrasted with academic intelligence, the ability to score well on examinations). In essence, smart in certain respects, not with the general intelligence measured by IQ tests. NOTE: for objects or actions showing evidence of cleverness, use 'Ingenious'. See also 'Apt' - a related term - and (for the results of intelligent action) 'Ingenious'. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'clever' in Wordnet: 1. (3) adroit, clever, ingenious - (skillful (or showing skill) in adapting means to ends; 'cool prudence and sensitive selfishness along with quick perception of what is possible - these distinguish an adroit politician'; 'came up with a clever story'; 'an ingenious press agent'; 'an ingenious scheme') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intelligent, :Resourceful . :Cleverness :wnsense "cleverness3n", "ingeniousness2n", "ingenuity2n" ; :wordnet "cleverness", "ingeniousness", "ingenuity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """cleverness? ''Clever'' = adroit Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cleverness' in WordNet: 3. ingenuity, ingeniousness, cleverness - (the property of being ingenious; 'a plot of great ingenuity'; 'the cleverness of its design') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clever ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Cliche :wnsense "banality1n", "bromide2n", "cliche1n", "commonplace1n", "platitude1n" ; :wordnet "banality", "bromide", "cliche", "commonplace", "platitude" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cliche'' is a type of ''Phrase'' (Group of Words) that may be a simile or a metaphor or any combination of words that was once original and expressive but has been used so often that it no longer stimulates the imagery that it originally did. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cliche' in WordNet: 1. (5) platitude, cliche, banality, commonplace, bromide - (a trite or obvious remark) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Banal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Click :isCausedBy :Clicking ; :wnsense "chink3n", "click1n", "clink1n" ; :wordnet "chink", "click", "clink" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Click'' is a ''Sound'' consisting of one short high-pitched sharp sound characteristic of a RigidObject especially a metallic object strikes another RigidObject. This sound can be produced in many ways, including with the mouth. The 'clink' of glass objects against each ther is included here. Common examples are when a keys of a keyboard (typewriter) are struck. People can 'cick' their heels or click a 'clicker' to make a sound like a cricket. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'click' in WordNet: 1. (2) chink, click, clink - (a short light metallic sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Clickbait :en "clickbait" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clickbait'' is some part of a ''ComputerDisplayImage'' that is displaying an internet page which has an active link to another page when clicked, and has some feature that looks interesting enough to make many people want to look further and therefore 'click' that link. This is often associated with web sites that have some commercial value or interest. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerDisplayImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerMonitor ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Clicking :wnsense "click2v" ; :wordnet "click" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clicking'' is the Event of producing a ''Click''. 'A ticking time bomb.' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'click' in WordNet: 2. (1) click, tick - (make a clicking or ticking sound; 'The clock ticked away') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrikingAnObjectEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RigidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Click ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Client :wnsense "client1n", "client2n" ; :wordnet "client" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Client'' is a ''Customer'' who buys services from some licensed professional.. Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'client' in WordNet: 1. (9) client - (a person who seeks the advice of a lawyer) 2. (1) customer, client - (someone who pays for goods or services) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaCustomerOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CommercialServiceProvider ] . :Cliff :guid "bd58d4e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cliff1n", "drop-off2n", "drop4n" ; :wordnet "cliff", "drop", "drop-off" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of topographical features. Each element of #$Cliff is a very steep, vertical or overhanging face on a mass of rock, earth, or ice. NOTE that this slope is steeper than the parent type ''Escarpment''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cliff' in Wordnet: 1. (3) cliff, drop, drop-off - (a steep high face of rock; 'he stood on a high cliff overlooking the town'; 'a steep drop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Escarpment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VerySteep ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :High ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Climate :wnsense "climate1n", "clime1n" ; :wordnet "climate", "clime" ; a :EnvironmentType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Climate'' is an ''EnvironmentalCondition'' that describes the average weather conditions over a long period of time in some particular area of the Earth's surface. ?@ToDo: how to specifically refer to ''WeatherEvent''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'climate' in WordNet: 1. (5) climate, clime - (the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time; 'the dank climate of southern Wales'; 'plants from a cold clime travel best in winter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvironmentalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalArea :LocationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AverageHumidity ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AverageAirTemperature ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Climax :wnsense "climax2n" ; :wordnet "climax" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Climax'' is an Event (possibly a ''PersistentState'') that is a subEvent of an ''EventSeries'', were the most significant (to those hearing or reading about the Events) ''Result'' of that EventSeries occurs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'climax' in WordNet: 1. (2) climax, flood tide - (the highest point of anything conceived of as growing or developing or unfolding; 'the climax of the artist's career'; 'in the flood tide of his success') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outcome, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EventSeries ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MostSignificant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ClimaxOfaStory :wnsense "climax2n", "culmination3n" ; :wordnet "climax", "culmination" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClimaxOfaStory'' is a ''Section'' of a narrated ''Story'' where important changes to the fates of the characters are at a 'maximum', and begin the ending part of the story. This is one of the ''Result''s (a ''Climax'',which is an Event) of the set of prior Events narrated in and represented by the story. This is not the ending of the story, which is a representation of the ''Denouement'' of those Events. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'climax' in WordNet: 2. (2) climax, culmination - (the decisive moment in a novel or play; 'the deathbed scene is the climax of the play') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :Result, :Section, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Story ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Climax ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Climber :wnsense "climber4n" ; :wordnet "climber" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Climber'' is a ''Person'' who climbs hills or mountains for sport.. ''MountainClimber' is a subtype - not yet here. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'cimber' in WordNet: 4. climber - (someone who climbs as a sport; especially someone who climbs mountains; 'the lead climber looked strong still but his partner often slumped in his ropes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Climbing-Recreational ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Climbing :en "climbing" ; :guid "bd58988a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "climb1v" ; :wordnet "climb" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Any climbing event, by which an animal moves upward along some surface through its own effort. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'climb' in Wordnet: 1. (36) climb, climb up, mount, go up - (go upward with gradual or continuous progress; 'Did you ever climb up the hill behind your house?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AscendingEvent, :LocomotionProcess-Animal . :Climbing-Recreational :guid "be2ab479-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of #$Climbing events which are performed for recreation or as a sport. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Climbing, :RecreationalActivity . :ClimbingVine :en "climbing vine" ; :wnsense "climber1n" ; :wordnet "climber" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'climber' in WordNet: 1. climber - (a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vine . :ClimbingaLadder a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Actiomn of 'Ascending' (going to a higher elevation) by using the rungs of a (more or less vertically oriented) ''Ladder'' as supports for the feet.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation, :Climbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ladder ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :Clincher :wnsense "clincher1n", "determiner1n", "determining factor2n" ; :wordnet "clincher", "determiner", "determining factor" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''lincher'' is the ''CognitiveFactor'' (a ''MentalObject'') that makes a conclusion certain, in making a decision. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clincher' in WordNet: 1. clincher, determiner, determining factor - (an argument that is conclusive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Consideration . :Clinical :pertainsTo :ClinicalAnalyticalTest, :MedicalCareEvent, :OutpatientClinic ; :wnsense "clinical1adj" ; :wordnet "clinical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates to a ''Clinic'' or to a MedicalCareEvent that occurs in a clinic or clinical testing labs, including medical testing, diagnosis, outpatient treatment, (e.g. 'clinical results', 'clinical findings'); of or pertaining to a clinic or to activities typically carried out in a Clinic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinical' in WordNet: 1. (14) clinical - (relating to a clinic or conducted in or as if in a clinic and depending on direct observation of patients; 'clinical observation'; 'clinical case study') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medical . :ClinicalAnalyticalTest :wnsense "uranalysis1n", "urinalysis1n" ; :wordnet "uranalysis", "urinalysis" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ClinicalAnalyticalTest is an AnalyticalTest on some ''ClinicalSpecimen'' derived from the body of an animal, with the purpose of determining the physiological condition of the animal or of some part of the animal. NOTE that this type of action is not necessarily on humans. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'urinalysis' in WordNet: 1. urinalysis, uranalysis - ((medicine) the chemical analysis of urine (for medical diagnosis)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyticalTest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClinicalSpecimen ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectAnalyzed ] . :ClinicalDepression :CYC "Depression-PsychologicalCondition" ; :en "clinical depression" ; :enn "clinical depression" ; :guid "c0fd4915-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "depression1n" ; :wordnet "depression" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ClinicalDepression'' is a ''Depression-Feeling'' that is intense enough to motivate ingestion of medication (with or without an actual diagnosis), longer-lasting than the ''Depression-Feeling'' that many people feel at times, and intense enough to qualify as a ''PsychologicalAilment''. CYC 'Depression-PsychologicalCondition': A psychological ailment characterized by sadness, inactivity, and altered sleeping and eating patterns. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'depression' in WordNet: 1. (4) depression - (a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depression-Feeling, :Despair, :PsychologicalAilment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClinicallyDepressed ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Depression-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :ClinicalInstitution :wnsense "clinic1n" ; :wordnet "clinic" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """e.g. Mayo Clinic?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinic' in WordNet: 1. clinic - (a medical establishment run by a group of medical specialists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareInstitution . :ClinicalSpecimen :wnsense "specimen2n" ; :wordnet "specimen" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClinicalSpecimen' is an 'SampleOfSubstance'' taken from the body of some Animal (usually a Person) to be subjected to analysis to determine any of various properties relevant to the health of the Animal. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'specimen' in WordNet: 2. (3) specimen - (a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes; 'they collected a urine specimen for urinalysis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Role, :SampleOfSubstance, :Specimen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClinicalAnalyticalTest ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ClinicalTrial :wnsense "clinical test1n", "clinical trial1n" ; :wordnet "clinical test", "clinical trial" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClinicalTrial'' is a '''MedicalTest'' in which the effectiveness of some DrugProduct or some medical procedure is investigated in people. Tests the ''PhysiologicalEffect'' of a drug or procedure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinical trial' in WordNet: 1. clinical trial, clinical test - (a rigorously controlled test of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on human subjects; in the United States it is conducted under the direction of the FDA before being made available for general clinical use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalTest . :Clinically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Clinical ; :pertainsTo :ClinicallyDead, :ClinicallyDepressed, :MedicalCareEvent ; :wnsense "clinically1adv" ; :wordnet "clinically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'clinically' in Wordnet: 1. (1) clinically - (in a clinical manner; 'she is clinically qualified') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :ClinicallyDead a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that an animal (usually applied to people) is 'clinically dead', i.e. has no vital signs. This is not the same as being truly dead, as people who are clinically dead may come back to life. This category is ambiguous, implying neither that a person is dead nor that the person is alive. It is likely to be used in situations where a person who was clinically dead revived, and should only be used to indicate that a person was recently alive but now appears dead.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnableToFunction, :VitalityAttributeValue . :ClinicallyDepressed :en "clinically depressed" ; :enadj "clinically depressed" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :DepressivePerson ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :ClinicalDepression ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ClinicallyDepressed'' is the attribute of someone experiencing ''ClinicalDepression''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depressed . :Clinician :wnsense "clinician1n" ; :wordnet "clinician" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinician' in WordNet: 1. clinician - (a practitioner (of medicine or psychology) who does clinical work instead of laboratory experiments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalDoctor, :Practitioner . :ClintonIsElectedPresidentIn1992 :hasDirectObject :WilliamJeffersonClinton ; :hasResult :WilliamJeffersonClinton ; :hasTopic :WilliamJeffersonClinton ; :isaSubEventOf :The1992US_PresidentialElection ; :wasPerformedByAgent :CitizenryOfTheUSA ; a :ElectingSomeone . :ClintonRunningForPresident :wasPerformedByAgent :WilliamJeffersonClinton ; a :Competing . :Clip :wnsense "clip1n" ; :wordnet "clip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of several types of small objects that are used to hold objects together temporarily (not by attaching) by the tension exerted by the clip on the objects that are placed adjacent to each other. Subtypes are: bicycle clip; alligator clip; hair slide; and ''PaperClip''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clip' in Wordnet: 3. (1) clip - (any of various small fasteners used to hold loose articles together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :HandSizedObject . :Clipboard :guid "bd58a671-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clipboard1n" ; :wordnet "clipboard" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clipboard'' is a ''WritingBoard'' that has a 'clip' at the top to hold papers. \"PaperClip\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clipboard' in WordNet: 1. clipboard - (a small writing board with a clip at the top for holding papers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingBoard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttachedClip ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :ClipperShip :uses :Rigging, :Sail ; :wnsense "clipper ship1n", "clipper2n" ; :wordnet "clipper", "clipper ship" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A fast ''SailingShip''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clipper ship' in Wordnet: 1. clipper, clipper ship - (a fast sailing ship used in former times) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SailingShip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fast ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Clipping :wnsense "clipping1n", "cutting5n", "newspaper clipping1n", "press clipping1n", "press cutting1n" ; :wordnet "clipping", "cutting", "newspaper clipping", "press clipping", "press cutting" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clipping'' is an ''Excerpt'' cut out from a Newspaper or Magazine, to be saved for rereading at a later time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clipping' in WordNet: 1. clipping, newspaper clipping, press clipping, cutting, press cutting - (an excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine; 'he searched through piles of letters and clippings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excerpt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeriodicalCopy ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Clique :en "in crowd" ; :wnsense "camp4n", "clique1n", "coterie1n", "ingroup1n", "inner circle1n", "pack5n" ; :wordnet "camp", "clique", "coterie", "ingroup", "inner circle", "pack" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Clique'' is an ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup'' that are are more tightly associated than most ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup''s and less public with their activities. They are to some extent open to inclusion of others not already in the group, but are selective about who can be allowed in. This is not a 'secret society' in that their existence as a group is known to others. A ''Clique'' is usually a small group in direct contact with each other. There is no clear limit on the number of members. This is sufficiently tight as a unit to be considered as a ''Role''. RHW: 1. a small, exclusive group of people; coterie; set. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clique' in WordNet: 1. (1) clique, coterie, ingroup, inner circle, pack, camp - (an exclusive circle of people with a common purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActivityTypeFocusGroup, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exclusive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Clitoris :guid "bd58ebe9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :FemaleAnimal ; :wnsense "button5n", "clit1n", "clitoris1n" ; :wordnet "button", "clit", "clitoris" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A small organ at the anterior or ventral part of the vulva homologous to the penis NOTE:WN parent 'erectile organ - (an organ containing erectile tissue)' is not yet in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clitoris' in WordNet: 1. clitoris, clit, button - (a female sexual organ homologous to the penis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalSexOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vulva ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Cloak :wnsense "cloak2n" ; :wordnet "cloak" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ClothingItem that is intended to be wrapped around the Person over other garments, for wear outdoors. It may be loose-fitting, or snug like a Coat. It may or may not have sleeves for the arms. NOTE: the WordNet sense 2 of 'cape' suggests that a 'cloak' has no sleeves, but in COSMO it may have sleeves. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'cloak' in RHW: 1. a loose outer garment, as a cape or coat. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'cloak' in WordNet; the meaning of 'loose' in the WordNet gloss is interpreted to include coats: in WordNet: 2. cloak - (a loose outer garment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorClothing, :OuterGarment, :WarmClothingItem . :Clock :guid "bd58f3f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "clock" ; :wnsense "clock1n" ; :wordnet "clock" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clock'' is a ''Timepiece'' that measures the passage of Time and displays the ''TimeOfDay''.This is a self-contained device with a dedicated purpose, so the combination of Devices that measures the time of day in a computer and displays it on the screen will be an instance of the parent ''Timepiece'' but not of this type. NOTE that in CYC this is a 'mechanical device' but in COSMO it can be purely electronic, with no moving parts. This includes timers as well as clocks that display the TimeOfDay. A Clock is a SelfPoweredDevice, but the power can come from various source, such as springs in a mechanical clock, electricity in an electronic clock, or gravity in a clock that has hanging weights as the driver. The time displayed on the Among the specializations are 'AlarmClock'. CYC: A specialization of #$MechanicalDevice. Each instance of #$Clock is a device designed to be used to keep track of time. SUMO: Any Device that measures and represents TimeDuration or TimePosition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clock' in WordNet: 1. (15) clock - (a timepiece that shows the time of day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :SelfPoweredDevice, :Timepiece, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimeOfDay ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :ClockFace a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ClockFace' is the 'DisplayDevice' component of a Clock that show the TimeOfDay (not a timer). This includes the analog hands of a mechanical clock, or any digital time display, including electronically powered LED displays; this is an extension of the usual meaning of 'clock face'; as being for the hands of a mechanical clock. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clock face' in WordNet: 1. clock face, clock dial - (the face of a clock showing hours and minutes of the day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clock ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingInformation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimeOfDay ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :ClockTime :wnsense "clock time1n", "time6n" ; :wordnet "clock time", "time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ClockTime'' is the time displayed by a clock (analog or digital) whether twelve or twenty-four hour format. NOTE: instances of ''ClockTime'' will be represened by entities with the format ''PM_11_00'' to represent 11:00 PM in the local TimeZone (which can be omitted). in the 24-hour format 'T24_' can be used as the prefix for the time in ''hhmm'' format. For TimeZones to be explicitly referenced, an added '_TZnn' can be appended to the base time format, with GMT as zone 1 and each more westerly zone one number higher up to 24. For more formal treatment of times and time zones see discussion under ''DateTime''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clock time' in WordNet: 1. clock time, time - (the time as given by a clock; 'do you know what time it is?'; 'the time is 10 o'clock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay . :Clockwise :en "direction of rotation" ; :enn "direction of rotation" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :RotatingObject ; :wnsense "clockwise1adj" ; :wordnet "clockwise" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clockwise'' is a ''DirectionOfRotation'' for things that 'rotate' in some manner, such as a pointer on a dial that rotates around the center of the dial, or objects or events that move sequentially around some circular group of objects on a surface, such as things passed from Person to Person who are sitting at a table. This can apply to 'turns' at performing some action that are 'rotated' among some group that are an the same plane, where the reference point of viewing to determine the direction is from above the plane. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clockwise' in Wordnet: 1. (1) clockwise - (in the same direction as the rotating hands of a clock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionOfRotation . :Clockwork :wnsense "clockwork1n" ; :wordnet "clockwork" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Mechanism that has internal parts that operate like a clock. This corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'clockwork' in WordNet: 1. clockwork - (any mechanism of geared wheels that is driven by a coiled spring; resembles the works of a mechanical clock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :ToothedWheel ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spring-Device ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Clogged :guid "d7048d5e-74b9-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BlockingFluidFlow ; :isTheOppositeOf :Open ; :wnsense "choked1adj", "clogged2adj" ; :wordnet "choked", "clogged" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ similar to CYC: 'Congested': Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'clogged' in Wordnet: 2. choked, clogged - (stopped up; clogged up; 'clogged pipes'; 'clogged up freeways'; 'streets choked with traffic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Cloister :wnsense "cloister1n", "religious residence1n" ; :wordnet "cloister", "religious residence" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cloister'' is a ''OfficialResidence'' provided by some ''ReligiousOrganization'' for members who have officially dedicated their lives to religious work. This does not have ot be a means of isolation of the residents, as suggested by the term. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cloister' in WordNet: 1. religious residence, cloister - (residence that is a place of religious seclusion (such as a monastery)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousPerson ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReligiousOrganization ] . :Cloning :guid "bddead20-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clone1v", "cloning1n" ; :wordnet "clone", "cloning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Cloning'' is a type of ''MakingaCopy'' in which some multi-celled Organism (usually a Vertebrate) has its genetic material repllicatedand transferred into some receptive cell that will develop into an exact genetic copy of the original organism. \"Another day, another Dolly.\" CYC: The collection of #$Events in which a #$Cell from an #$Organism-Whole is collected and appropriately manipulated so as to turn it into a second #$Organism-Whole which is #$geneticallyIdentical to the first one. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'clone' in WordNet: 1. clone - (make multiple identical copies of; 'people can clone a sheep nowadays') WN noun 'cloning': 1. cloning - (a general term for the research activity that creates a copy of some biological entity (a gene or organism or cell)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :MakingaCopy, :PhysicalCreationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organism ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Copy ] . :ClosableChain :ldoce "chain" ; :wnsense "chain3n" ; :wordnet "chain" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClosableChain'' is a ''Chain'' (of links or objects on a cord) that has a ''Fastener'' at one or both ends that allows the ''Chain'' to assume the shape of a continuous loop. This is the typical chain used in jewelry such as for necklaces or some bracelets. Should this be a 'closable chain' or an 'openable loop'? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chain, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChainClip ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClosedLoopObject ; owl:onProperty :canAssumeTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :canAssumeTheShapeOfa ] . :ClosableContainer a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClosableContainer'' is a ''PackagingContainerProduct'' that has some form of 'lid' when it is sold; the lid may or may not be able to be replaced after being removed (e.g. metal cans with tops that are removed with a can opener). It is 'closable' only in the sense that it can be closed *before* use; it may or may not be closable after being opened. The the re-closable container, use subtype ''ContainerWithTopCap''. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PackagingContainerProduct, :TopAndBottomSidedObject . :CloseFitting :isTheOppositeOf :LooseFitting ; :wnsense "close-fitting1adj", "close12adj", "snug2adj" ; :wordnet "close", "close-fitting", "snug" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CloseFitting' is an AttributeValue of a group of (usually two) Objects that, when placed together, have little room for movement between them. Usually this is applied to clothing relative to the person who is wearing it (or trying it on); but can also used be for a container and something that just 'fits' inside, contacting the container at multiple points. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'close-fitting' in Wordnet: 1. close, snug, close-fitting - (fitting closely but comfortably; 'a close fit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :CloseInTime :wnsense "close1adj", "close3adj", "near1adj", "nigh1adj" ; :wordnet "close", "near", "nigh" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CloseInTime'' is An AttributeValue of things that are close in Time. e.g. 'close call' or 'near future' Includes parts of adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'close' (specifyng proximity in time) ad senses 2 and 3 of'recent; in WordNet: 1. (40) close - (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other; 'close to noon'; 'how close are we to town?'; 'a close formation of ships') 3. (6) near, close, nigh - (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances; 'near neighbors'; 'in the near future'; 'they are near equals'; 'his nearest approach to success'; 'a very near thing'; 'a near hit by the bomb'; 'she was near tears'; 'she was close to tears'; 'had a close call') WN adj 'recent': 2. (9) late, recent - (of the immediate past or just previous to the present time; 'a late development'; 'their late quarrel'; 'his recent trip to Africa'; 'in recent months'; 'a recent issue of the journal') 3. (4) recent - (near to or not long before the present; 'recent times'; 'of recent origin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Near . :CloseQuarterCombatWeapon :guid "be89351f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of the collections of #$Weapons which are normally used in hand-to-hand combat.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallArm-Weapon . :CloseUp :en "close-up" ; :enn "close-up" ; :wnsense "closeup1n" ; :wordnet "closeup" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CloseUp'' is a ''Photograph'' that takes the photo from a closer than usual range, or by using a 'zoom' capability of a lens, to reveal detail. This includes not only ''StillImage''s, but parts of a video as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'closeup' in WordNet: 1. (3) closeup - (a photograph taken at close range) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Photograph, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnified ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Closed :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Portal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ClosingSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Open ; :ldoce "closed" ; :wnsense "closed1adj" ; :wordnet "closed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue *only* of Portals that have a barrier in place to things passing through (e.g. a closed door), or to PortalCoverings that are in a position such that they block passage through the portal, or to Containers that have a portal covering in place that blocks entry or exit. This also includes the distinguishable subsense of paths that are blocked to passage. This is the most general sense of 'closed' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'closed' in WordNet: 1. (8) closed - (not open or affording passage or access; 'the many closed streets made travel difficult'; 'our neighbors peeped from behind closed curtains') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ClosedClassWord :en "closed class word" ; :enn "closed class word" ; :guid "be3ce100-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all words that are members of closed lexical classes such as #$Prepositions, #$Determiners, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :ClosedFacility :en "closed facility" ; :enn "closed facility" ; :guid "93940000-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all facilities that are in a closed state. The collection #$ClosedFacility is used to describe a facility that is not currently available for its normal or expected activity. For example, (#$isa BorderCheckpoint-N-S-Korea #$ClosedFacility). Unless the context provides proper temporal qualification, the time period of closure should be specified explicitly.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic . :ClosedLoopObject :wnsense "loop2n" ; :wordnet "loop" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Three-dimensional Object that has two dimensions each much shorter (> 10X) than the third, and forms an endless loop - it has no ends (is ''Endless''). It is not necessary that all parts of the loop are identical, there may be some asymmetry. It may be rigid (a hula-hoop) or flexible (such as a drive belt in an automobile). NOTE: this kind of object will be closed-looped when in use, but it does not necessarily have to be closed-looped when in storage, such as with a ''Necklace''. For that type of object, use ''ClosableChain'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'loop' in WordNet. in Wordnet: 2. loop - (anything with a round or oval shape (formed by a curve that is closed and does not intersect itself)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurvedObject, :FilamentlikeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Endless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ClosedMinded :isTheOppositeOf :OpenMinded ; :wnsense "close-minded1adj", "closed-minded1adj" ; :wordnet "close-minded", "closed-minded" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Unreceptive to new ideas, especially to ideas that might contradict a Person's present beliefs or feelings. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'closed minded' in Wordnet: 1. close-minded, closed-minded - (not ready to receive to new ideas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Incurious . :ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any TwoDimensionalFigure which has a well defined interior and exterior.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoDimensionalGeometricThing . :Closely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Near ; :wnsense "closely1adv" ; :wordnet "closely" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Closely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies any Group of TimePoints or TimeIntervals or Events to specify that they were 'Near'' or 'close' in space or time. This should have subtypes to be more specific. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'closely' in WordNet: 1. (19) closely - (in a close relation or position in time or space; 'the onsets were closely timed'; 'houses set closely together'; 'was closely involved in monitoring daily progress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :CloselySpaced :en "closely spaced" ; :enadj "closely spaced" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ObjectGroup ; :isTheOppositeOf :WidelySpaced ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CloselySpaced'' is an attribute characterizing a Group of ''SolidObject''s that have little distance between them """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dense, :Spaced . :Closer :en "closer", "nearer" ; :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Near ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Closer'' is the comparative of ''Close''. WN 'closer' is an adverb. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Near . :Closest :en "closest", "nearest" ; :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute :Near ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Closest'' is the superlative of ''Close''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Closer . :Closet :guid "bd589cd7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "closet1n" ; :wordnet "closet" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A walled, roomlike structure within a HOC, used for storage, and having a portal to another room or a passageway of the HOC. SUMO: A relatively small Room used for storage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'closet' in Wordnet: 1. (4) cupboard, closet - (a small room (or recess) or cabinet used for storage space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageRoom . :ClosingAContainerArtifact :en "closing a container" ; :enn "closing a container" ; :guid "bd58d2a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a #$ContainerArtifact is closed (not necessarily by an #$Agent, in the #$BaseKB). NOTE that the #$ContainerArtifact is the #$objectOfStateChange, and that each such object has at least one portal, presumably with a portal covering. So #$ClosingAContainerArtifact means putting the (or any appropriate) portal covering back in place on the portal (one of the portals) of a container product.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosingSomething . :ClosingADoor :en "closing a door" ; :enn "closing a door" ; :guid "bd58bb4c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a door is closed. Note that the #$objectActedOn of such an event is #$ConstructionArtifact that is also a #$ContainerProduct. Such objects tend to have one or more #$Doorways with #$DoorwayCoverings.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosingAContainerArtifact . :ClosingADrawer :en "close a drawer", "closing a drawer" ; :guid "bd58bb8c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a drawer is closed. Note that the #$objectActedOn of such an event is a #$ContainerProduct. Such objects tend to have one or more drawers.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosingAContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drawer ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ] . :ClosingEyes :en "close an eye", "close the eyes", "closing an eye", "closing the eyes", "shut an eye", "shut the eyes", "shutting the eyes" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :OpeningSomething ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ClosingEyes'' is the Action (which may be involuntary) of closing one or more eyes, performed by a Vertebrate. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosingSomething, :DirectedTranslation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eyelid ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eye ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectClosed ] . :ClosingSomething :en "closing" ; :ldoce "close" ; :wnsense "close3v" ; :wordnet "close" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an Action in which some generic 'closing' of a Portal or a container having a Portal occurs, whether closing a Portal or 'closing' a highway (from traffic) or closing up (plugging up) cracks or crevices or pores in some Object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectClosed ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :Hole :PhysicalSpaceRegion :PhysicalObjectType :RegionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpeningSomething ; owl:onProperty :occurredLaterThan ] . :ClosingTime :wnsense "closing time1n" ; :wordnet "closing time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OpeningTime' the TimePoint that is specified by a business as the TimePoint at which they close for business on business days. This may vary with the day of the week. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'closing time' in WordNet: 1. closing time - (the regular time of day when an establishment closes to the public) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimePoint, :RelativeTime, :TimeOfDay . :ClosingaPlaceOfBusiness :wnsense "close down1v", "close up1v", "close1v", "fold4v", "shut down1v" ; :wordnet "close", "close down", "close up", "fold", "shut down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ClosingaPlaceOfBusiness' is an Action in which some Person closes the doors of a business or office or other place of public accommodation, to stop other people from coming in and taking advantage of the service provided by the place of business. 'Business' here is any kind of service, whether or not for a fee or for profit. This sense answers the question 'when does the office close?'. This is the second time mentioned in 'office hours from * to *'.This is *not* for the sense of some enterprise ceasing business and closing its doors for the last time. This is the converse of 'OpeningaPlaceOfbusiness' @ToDo: NOTE: this includes temporarily (e.g. for the night) or peranently (e.g. going out of business) or moving. These need to be distinguished. Corresponds to part verb sense 1 of 'close' in WordNet; however it appears that the WordNet sense includes 'ceasing to do business for the final time', which is not included in this COSMO sense. in WordNet: 1. (649) close up, close, fold, shut down, close down - (cease to operate or cause to cease operating; 'The owners decided to move and to close the factory'; 'My business closes every night at 8 P.M.'; 'close up the shop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClosingTime ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :ClosingaPortal :en "closing", "shutting" ; :guid "9a2d06be-0c5d-11d6-8000-00902791a840" ; :ldoce "close", "shut" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :OpeningSomething ; :wnsense "close3v", "shut1v" ; :wordnet "close", "shut" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of all actions in which a #$PartiallyTangible something is closed. The #$objectOfStateChange must be such that it has the states of #$OpenPortalState and #$ClosedPortalState, and an instance of this collection involves the object going from the #$OpenPortalState state to the #$ClosedPortalState. Cf. #$OpeningSomething. COSMO note: the thing closed can be a door, box, drawer, or anything else that has a covered portal. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'close' and sense 1 of 'shut' in WordNet: 3. (217) close, shut - - (move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut; 'Close the door'; 'shut the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosingSomething, :DirectedTranslation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PortalCovering ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectClosed ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Portal :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Clostridium :wnsense "clostridia1n", "clostridium1n" ; :wordnet "clostridia", "clostridium" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clostridium' in WordNet: 1. clostridium, clostridia - (spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eubacterium . :Clot :wnsense "clot1n", "coagulum1n" ; :wordnet "clot", "coagulum" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clot'' is a ''Lump''of some substance produced by the contents of a ''LiquidObject'' in a ''Clotting'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clot' in WordNet: 1. (1) clot, coagulum - (a lump of material formed from the content of a liquid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lump, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clotting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObjectType :LiquidObject ) ] ] . :Cloth :ldoce "cloth" ; :wnsense "cloth1n" ; :wordnet "cloth" ; a :FabricType, :PorousSheetType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cloth is a woven (as contrasted with flocked) fabric. COSMO note: In Cyc Cloth was an object, but that concept has been renamed 'PieceOfCloth' and the name 'Cloth' has been reassigned to the Substance that has the form of a PieceOfCloth. The Cyc comments below indicate the intent of what a piece of cloth should be, and the substance represented by this category is the substance of which such pieces of cloth are composed. Cyc comment: #$Cloth is a specialization of #$TextileArtifact. Each instance of #$Cloth is a piece of textile sheet woven or knitted or pressed out of fibers. Instances of #$Cloth are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of such things as clothing items, towels, sails for sailing craft, parachutes, and draperies. Corresponds to part (the substance) of sense 1 of 'cloth' (but not including flocked fabric)in WordNet - For the object made of cloth use ''PieceOfCloth''. in WordNet: 1. (16) fabric, cloth, material, textile - (artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers; 'the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent'; 'woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC'; 'she measured off enough material for a dress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ClothCovering :wnsense "cloth covering1n" ; :wordnet "cloth covering" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClothCovering''is a ''Covering'' made from 'Cloth' - Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cloth covering' in WordNet: 1. cloth covering - (a covering made of cloth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cloth ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :ClothNapkin :en "cloth napkin" ; :wnsense "napkin1n" ; :wordnet "napkin" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Napkin'' made of ''Cloth''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Napkin, :PieceOfCloth . :ClothOrPaper a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Cloth :Paper ) ] . :ClothTowel a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A Towel made of cloth." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfCloth, :Towel . :Clothed :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :WearingSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Naked ; :wnsense "appareled1adj", "attired1adj", "clad1adj", "clothed1adj", "dressed1adj", "garbed1adj", "garmented1adj", "robed1adj" ; :wordnet "appareled", "attired", "clad", "clothed", "dressed", "garbed", "garmented", "robed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Clothed' is the AttributeValue of people who are wearing some exterior clothing, beyond the underwear, but not necessarily formally dressed. Even a bathing suit would qualify. Disjoint with ''Nude''. NOTE that 'undressed' could be in underwear; an opposite of this? Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'dressed' in Wordnet - but this sense can be less formal thnan most examples. 1. (9) appareled, attired, dressed, garbed, garmented, habilimented, robed - (dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination; 'the elegantly attired gentleman'; 'neatly dressed workers'; 'monks garbed in hooded robes'; 'went about oddly garmented'; 'professors robed in crimson'; 'tuxedo-attired gentlemen'; 'crimson-robed Harvard professors') WN adj 'clothed': 1. (1) clothed, clad - (wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination; 'clothed and in his right mind'- Bible; 'proud of her well-clothed family'; 'nurses clad in white'; 'white-clad nurses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covered . :ClothesDryer :wnsense "clothes drier1n", "clothes dryer1n" ; :wordnet "clothes drier", "clothes dryer" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClothesDryer'' is a floor-mounted ''ElectricalHouseholdAppliance'' with a chamber that rotates to tumble wet clothes and to dry the clothes (especially those that have just been washed). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clothes dryer' in WordNet: 1. clothes dryer, clothes drier - (a dryer that dries clothes wet from washing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dryer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TumbleDrying ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :ClothesHook :en "clothes hook", "wall hook" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClothesHook'' is a ''Hanger'' having a part shaped like a ''Hook'' which is used in a ''HangingSomething'' and is used by attaching the ''ClothesHook'' to a vertical ''SupportingObject'' such as a ''VerticalPost'' or a ''Wall''. The thing supported need not be a ''ClothingItem'', but that is a common use for this type. This differs from ''PictureHook''s in having a curved portion that is larger than that of a ''PictureHook''. No evident WN sense for this type """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hanger, :Hook, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WallOrPost ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ] . :ClothesPin :guid "bd588efa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clothespin1n" ; :wordnet "clothespin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all clothes pins, devices used for suspending pieces of clothing from a stretched cord, so they can dry. COSMO note: this is traditionally of wood (thus the ''Shaft'' parent) but more recently can be of plastic, with a spring attached to allow two pieces of plastic to hold clothing by tension only on the clothing, rather than by keeping the clothes items held directly to the ''Clothesline''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clothespin' in Wordnet: 1. clothespin, clothes pin, clothes peg - (wood or plastic fastener; for holding clothes on a clothesline) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :NonPoweredDevice, :Shaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothesline ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HangingFromSomething ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Clothesline :en "clothes-line" ; :guid "bd589a2c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clothesline1n" ; :wordnet "clothesline" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of clothes lines. The simplest case is just a cord between two points of attachment. More complicated ones use pulleys. Clothes may be hung on and supported by the #$ClothesLine to dry by means of a #$ClothesPin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clothesline' in Wordnet: 1. (1) clothesline - (a cord on which clothes are hung to dry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cord, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothesPin ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Clothing :guid "be4dec4b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "clothes", "clothing" ; :wnsense "clothes1n" ; :wordnet "clothes" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Clothing generally, including outfits. NOTE: although this is not formaly represented as a Group (which could have one object in it), the usage is as a collective term. Perhaps it should be formally a 'Group'? Wait and see how usage goes. For a single item of clothing, see 'ClothingItem'. This type is restricted to items made of some Fabric. This is a PhysicalObject (or Group of PhysicalObjects), not a substance; it includes ClothingAccessories such as jewelry and watches. NOTE: The SUMO documentation for 'Clothing' is not precise as to whether outfits can be included. We assume that outfits were intended and put the SUMO documentation here. SUMO: (Clothing) Artifact made out of fabrics and possibly other materials that are used to cover the bodies of Humans. In Cyc called 'Clothing-Generic'. Cyc: A specialization of #$SomethingToWear. Each instance of #$Clothing-Generic is something that a person wears as a protective and/or decorative covering or ornament. Instances of #$Clothing-Generic are usually made of flexible materials, such as cloth, leather, or yarn. Important specializations of #$Clothing-Generic include #$ClothingOutfit and #$ClothingItem. (the main sense of 'clothing' in RHW) 1. garments collectively; clothes; raiment; apparel. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'clothes' in WordNet : NOTE that 'clothing' in WordNet is an article of clothing: see 'ClothingItem' a subtype of Clothing in WordNet: 1. (45) apparel, wearing apparel, dress, clothes - (clothing in general; 'she was refined in her choice of apparel'; 'he always bought his clothes at the same store'; 'fastidious about his dress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :DurableGood, :FabricObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :SomethingToWear . :Clothing-Bottom :guid "bec2d971-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Clothing-Bottom is a specialization of #$Garment. Each instance of #$Clothing-Bottom is a clothing item that covers at least the #$LowerTorso, but does not significantly cover the #$Chest-BodyPart. Instances of #$Clothing-Bottom are outerwear, in the sense that in modern western cultures someone wearing a #$Clothing-Bottom only needs a #$Clothing-Top and shoes to be considered #$FullyClothed. #$Overalls are a marginal case, in that they do cover some of the chest, but are normally worn with a #$Clothing-Top.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garment . :Clothing-Top :guid "bdfaf60b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Clothing-Top is a specialization of #$Garment. Each instance of #$Clothing-Top is a #$Garment that extends from the shoulders to the #$Waist or #$Hips. #$Clothing-Tops are outerwear, in the sense that in modern western culture someone wearing a #$Clothing-Top with trousers, shorts, or a skirt and shoes is considered #$FullyClothed. In COSMO this includes a jacket. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garment . :Clothing-WholeBody :en "full cover clothing" ; :guid "bf891f8c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Clothing-WholeBody is a specialization of #$Garment. Each instance of #$Clothing-WholeBody is a #$Garment that covers the whole body. Someone wearing one would only require #$Shoes to be considered #$FullyClothed in modern western culture. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanBody ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :ClothingAccessory :guid "bd58cee4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "accessory1n", "accouterment1n", "accoutrement1n" ; :wordnet "accessory", "accouterment", "accoutrement" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ClothingItem. Each instance of #$ClothingAccessory is something that is worn as an accessory with other clothing items. Notable specializations of #$ClothingAccessory include #$Hat, #$Cufflinks, #$Purse, #$Scarf, and #$Wallet. COSMO note: we include 'Watch' as a ClothingAccessory, since they are typically worn or otherwise visible, and often bought for their style. A 'ClothingAccessory' is usually not made from woven Fabric,but may be (such as certain gloves). @ToDo: this criterion should be made more precise. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'accessory' in WordNet: 1. (1) accessory, accoutrement, accouterment - (clothing that is worn or carried, but not part of your main clothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem . :ClothingAcessoryBand :ldoce "band" ; :wnsense "band7n", "band9n" ; :wordnet "band" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ClothingAcessoryBand' is a LoopedBand intended to be worn on the body. It must be in a loop shape when worn; therfore a belt for trousers fits into this category. Hair bands, armbands, and rings are also instances. A rubber band used to hold head hair in a pony tail is also an instance, while it is being so used. Includes noun senses 7 and 9 of 'band' in WordNet: 7. (1) band - (a thin flat strip of flexible material that is worn around the body or one of the limbs (especially to decorate the body)) 9. ring, band - (jewelry consisting of a circlet of precious metal (often set with jewels) worn on the finger; 'she had rings on every finger'; 'he noted that she wore a wedding band') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandShapedObject, :ClothingAccessory . :ClothingItem :guid "bd5903d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "clothing" ; :wnsense "clothing1n" ; :wordnet "clothing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single connected article of clothing, such as one shoe, one shirt, or a pair of pants. Cyc: A specialization of #$Clothing-Generic. Each instance of #$ClothingItem is something that a person wears as a protective and/or decorative covering or ornament. Items of clothing are usually made of flexible materials, such as cloth, leather, or yarn. The collection #$ClothingItem contains primarily individual garments (e.g., instances of the collections #$Pants, #$Shirt, #$Coat, #$Shoe), together with pairs of shoes, socks, and gloves (since each wearer needs a pair). Jewelry, suspenders, belts, etc., are in the specialization #$ClothingAccessory. Note: outfits (esp. specialized outfits) made up of several individual items worn together belong to the collection #$ClothingOutfit, which is _not_ a specialization of #$ClothingItem but _is_ a specialization of the broader collection, #$SomethingToWear. WN See 'Clothes' for difference between 'clothes' and 'clothing' in WordNet. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'clothing' in WordNet: 1. (9) clothing, article of clothing, vesture, wear, wearable, habiliment - (a covering designed to be worn on a person's body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BilaterallySymmetricObject, :Clothing, :HexalateralObject, :OpaqueObject . :ClothingLining :wnsense "lining2n" ; :wordnet "lining" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClothingLining'' is a ''Lining'' that protects the inside surface of a garment. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lining' in WordNet: 2. liner, lining - (a piece of cloth that is used as the inside surface of a garment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lining, :PieceOfCloth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSurroundedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Garment ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Garment ] . :ClothingOutfit :guid "bd59033c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "getup1n", "outfit2n", "rig4n", "turnout5n" ; :wordnet "getup", "outfit", "rig", "turnout" ; a :ClothingType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClothingOutfit'' is a set of ''Attire'' (clothing) that can be a full 'outfit' with accessories, or just the largest and most prominent component(s). So a 'SuitOfClothing'' for a man may be just the jacket and pants, or may also include a tie, shoes, shirt,cufflinks, a belt, pins on the lapel, and other added items. This type of Group is usually designed to provide a Person with a specific appearance. This can be carefully designed or casually put together, with or without an intention to form an impression on others CYC: A specialization of both #$Clothing-Generic and #$Group. Each instance of #$ClothingOutfit is a group of clothing items (see the collection #$ClothingItem) that are intended to be worn together. An instance of #$ClothingOutfit may include some accessories, as well as garments. The different parts of an instance of #$ClothingOutfit are often sold together, rather than separately. Specializations of #$ClothingOutfit include #$MensSuit, #$Uniform, and #$Bikini. The term 'turnout' is not usually used for this concept,though it is referenced vaguely in RHW: 4. the manner or style in which a person or thing is equipped, dressed, etc. Perhaps we should Leave that term out until 'voter turnout' is represented, to avoid confusion? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'outfit' in WordNet: 2. (1) outfit, getup, rig, turnout - (a set of clothing (with accessories); 'his getup was exceedingly elegant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attire, :Clothing, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingAccessory ; owl:onProperty :mayHavePart ] . :ClothingRod :en "clothing rod" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClothingRod'' is a ''Pole'' (a type of ''Rod'') that is oriented horizontally when in use (this type is for a functional ''ClothingRod'' in place were it can function as intended.), used as part of an ArtifactObject that is designed to support clothing. Typical is the ''ClothingRod'' in a clothes closet or a ''Wadrobe-Furniture''. No obvious WN entry specifically for this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pole, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoatHanger ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :ClothingType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ClothingType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type to specify relations on subtypes of ''SomethingToWear''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObjectType . :Clotting :wnsense "clog5v", "clot1v", "clot2v", "clot4v", "coagulate1v", "coagulate2v" ; :wordnet "clog", "clot", "coagulate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clotting'' is a ''Clumping'' Action in which some some component substances in a LiquidSubstance gather together by chemical or physical forces (possibly assisted by a person or a natural agent or external event, such as heating or evaporation) to form solid but non-crystalline particles which may settle out or may ultimately merge (as in blood clotting) to make a solid of the whole original LiquidObject. ''BloodClotting'' and ''MilkCurdling'' are subtypes. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'clot' in WordNet: 1. (1) clot, coagulate - (change from a liquid to a thickened or solid state; 'coagulated blood') 2. clot, coagulate - (cause to change from a liquid to a solid or thickened state) 4. clog, clot - (coalesce or unite in a mass; 'Blood clots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clumping . :Cloud :guid "c0fba044-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cloud" ; :wnsense "cloud2n" ; :wordnet "cloud" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Cloud' is the kind of cloud that one sees in the sky, composed of small particles of water or water ice.. This term is reserved for the common meaning of 'cloud'. for other kinds of 'cloud' use 'WaterCloud' or 'CloudlikObject' or another specialization of that Type. CYC: 'CloudInTheSky': A specialization of #$CloudOfH2O. Each instance of #$CloudInSky is a cloud located in the sky over some instance of #$GeographicalRegion. Since #$CloudInSky is a specialization of #$CloudOfH2O, each instance of #$CloudInSky must be primarily composed of water particles. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'cloud' in WordNet: 2. (16) cloud - (a visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, :WaterCloud, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Cloudiness :guid "c9f8af3c-f4e2-41d7-898c-ab74bf1941f9" ; :wnsense "cloud cover1n", "cloudiness2n", "overcast1n" ; :wordnet "cloud cover", "cloudiness", "overcast" ; a :EnvironmentType, :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cloudiness'' is the nominalized form of ''Cloudy'' - the ''EnvironmentalCondition'' (a ''PersistentState'') of having clouds - only used about the ''Sky''. This is interpreted as a 'PersistentEvent''. This differs from the hierarchy in CYC - that emphasizes the varied degree of cloudiness. If this were an ''AttributeType'' that would be similar. Perhaps some related Quantity could be added?? CYC: A specialization of #$Quantity-Weather. Each instance of #$Cloudiness is a measure of how overcast it is in a particular #$OutdoorLocation. At the low extreme (#$NoAmountFn #$Cloudiness), it is clear. At the high extreme (#$VeryHighAmountFn #$Cloudiness) it is completely overcast. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cloudiness' in WordNet: 2. cloudiness, cloud cover, overcast - (the state of the sky when it is covered by clouds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvironmentalCondition, :ImmediateWeatherProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cloudy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cloudless :isAnAttributeValueOf :CloudlessSky, :Sky ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Cloud ; :wnsense "cloudless1adj", "unclouded2adj" ; :wordnet "cloudless", "unclouded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having the sun obscured most of the time by clouds. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cloudless' in Wordnet: 1. cloudless, unclouded - (free from clouds; 'under a cloudless sky') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeatherAttributeValue . :CloudlessSky :wnsense "blue air1n", "blue sky1n", "blue4n", "wild blue yonder1n" ; :wordnet "blue", "blue air", "blue sky", "wild blue yonder" ; a :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CloudlessSky'' is a ''View'' of the ''Sky'' when it has no clouds in it. Cloest corresponding noun sense is part of sense 1 of 'blue sky' in WordNet: 1. blue sky, blue, blue air, wild blue yonder - (the sky as viewed during daylight; 'he shot an arrow into the blue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImmediateWeatherProcess, :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cloud ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sky ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cloudless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CloudlikeObject :guid "bd588850-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cloud" ; :wnsense "cloud1n", "vapor1n", "vapour1n" ; :wordnet "cloud", "vapor", "vapour" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A cloud is a kind of #$Suspension that has air as the suspending fluid. It is of #$ObjectType. Things like clouds of locusts are metaphorical, and are not treated as clouds in the kb. See #$Suspension for the structure of the material out of which clouds are made. NOTE: for a 'vapor' that is a gas produced by ''Vaporization'' use ''Vapor''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vapor' in WordNet: 1. (6) vapor, vapour - (a visible suspension in the air of particles of some substance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suspension ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cloudy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Sky ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Cloudiness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Cloud ; :wnsense "cloudy3adj" ; :wordnet "cloudy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having the sun obscured most of the time by clouds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cloudy' in WordNet: 3. cloudy - (full of or covered with clouds; 'cloudy skies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeatherAttributeValue . :Clout :wnsense "clout2n", "pull3n" ; :wordnet "clout", "pull" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: ''Clout'' is a ''Capability'' which is an Attribute. this may be better represented as a ''SocialStature'' (a ''SocialState'')? @TODO. This capability is usually had because of the influential contacts that a Person has, rather than direct power. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clout' in WordNet: 2. pull, clout - (special advantage or influence; 'the chairman's nephew has a lot of pull') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Influential, :Might-Social . :Clove :wnsense "clove1n" ; :wordnet "clove" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clove' in WordNet: 1. clove - (aromatic flower bud of a clove tree; yields a spice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlowerBud, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FloweringPlant ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroundCloves ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :CloveTree :wnsense "Eugenia aromaticum1n", "Eugenia caryophyllatum1n", "Syzygium aromaticum1n", "clove tree1n", "clove2n" ; :wordnet "Eugenia aromaticum", "Eugenia caryophyllatum", "Syzygium aromaticum", "clove", "clove tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clove tree' in WordNet: 1. clove, clove tree, Syzygium aromaticum, Eugenia aromaticum, Eugenia caryophyllatum - (moderate sized very symmetrical red-flowered evergreen widely cultivated in the tropics for its flower buds which are source of cloves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpiceTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroundCloves ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clove ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Clover :guid "bd58b62d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clover1n", "trefoil2n" ; :wordnet "clover", "trefoil" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: 1. any of various plants of the genus Trifolium, of the legume family, having trifoliolate leaves and dense flower heads, many species of which, as T. pratense, are cultivated as forage plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clover' in WordNet: 1. (1) clover, trefoil - (a plant of the genus Trifolium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant, :Legume-ThePlant, :LegumeOrder, :Plant-NonWoody . :Cloves :en "cloves" ; :enn "cloves" ; :wnsense "clove4n" ; :wordnet "clove" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the WN sense indicates that whole ''Clove''s are used as a spice, but so is the ground material. This is a substance consisting of some quantity of ''Clove''s, when used as a ''Spice''. When ground to a powder, the alternative 'clove' spice is represented by ''GroundCloves''. Corresponds to *part* noun sense 4 of 'clove' in WordNet: 4. clove - (spice from dried unopened flower bud of the clove tree; used whole or ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clove ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroundCloves ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Clown :guid "be01f38c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "buffoon2n", "clown2n", "merry andrew1n" ; :wordnet "buffoon", "clown", "merry andrew" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clown' in WordNet: 2. (1) clown, buffoon, merry andrew - (a person who amuses others by ridiculous behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comedian, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clownish ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Clownish :isAnAttributeValueOf :Clown ; :wnsense "buffoonish1adj", "clownish1adj", "clownlike1adj", "zany2adj" ; :wordnet "buffoonish", "clownish", "clownlike", "zany" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clownish'' is an attribute of actions or people that intentionally amuse by performing actions that are visibly ridiculous and clearly not intended to be taken seriously. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clownish' in WordNet: 1. buffoonish, clownish, clownlike, zany - (like a clown; 'a buffoonish walk'; 'a clownish face'; 'a zany sense of humor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Funny . :Club :guid "bd58fb98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "club" ; :wnsense "club3n", "club5n" ; :wordnet "club" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A general term for a longish rod or stick of some rigid material, used as a ''HandTool'' for various actions involving hitting something. The material can be anything rigid, usually wood, but in some cases metal. Perhaps stone for a primitive weapon? Includes noun senses 3 and 5 of 'club' in WordNet: 3. (3) club - (stout stick that is larger at one end; 'he carried a club in self defense'; 'he felt as if he had been hit with a club') 5. (1) golf club, golf-club, club - (golf equipment used by a golfer to hit a golf ball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :PortableObject, :Rod, :Stick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HittingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Club-TheCard :guid "bdb82c27-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "club" ; :wnsense "club6n" ; :wordnet "club" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subcollection of #$PlayingCard that contains all of the cards which are clubs. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'club' in WordNet: 6. club - - (a playing card in the minor suit that has one or more black trefoils on it; 'he led a small club'; 'clubs were trumps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingCard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clubs ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Club-Weapon :en "BluntWeapon", "blunt weapon" ; :guid "bd58fb98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bdf3ea78-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "club" ; :wnsense "bludgeon1n", "club3n" ; :wordnet "bludgeon", "club" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all clubs: rods/sticks of some rigid material used as weapons. In CYC 'BluntWeapon' includes club and bludgeon: CYC 'BluntWeapon': A blunt weapon is used to bludgeon a victim in close quarters. A blunt weapon may be a club, nightstick, mace, hammer, staff, pipe, and etc. Includes noun sense 3 of 'club' and sense 1 of 'bludgeon' in WordNet: 3. (3) club - (stout stick that is larger at one end; 'he carried a club in self defense'; 'he felt as if he had been hit with a club') WN noun 'bludgeon': 1. (2) bludgeon - (a club used as a weapon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CloseQuarterCombatWeapon, :Club, :PrimitiveWeapon . :ClubbingAnAnimal :en "bludgeoning" ; :guid "bd58fc9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "club" ; :wnsense "bludgeon2v", "club3v" ; :wordnet "bludgeon", "club" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To hit an Animal with a club-like object, often repeatedly. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'club' in WordNet: 3. club, bludgeon - (strike with a club or a bludgeon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeatingAnAnimal, :HandlingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Club-Weapon ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Club-Weapon ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Club-Weapon ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Club-Weapon ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InjuryCondition ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Clubhouse :wnsense "club4n", "clubhouse1n" ; :wordnet "club", "clubhouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Clubhouse'' can be a whole building owned by a ''SocialOrganization'' (e.g. a Masonic Temple or Elks Lodge building) or a rented part of a building. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'clubhouse' in WordNet: 1. (2) clubhouse, club - (a building that is occupied by a social club; 'the clubhouse needed a new roof') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ] . :Clubs a :CardSuitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spades'' is one of the four subtypes of ''CardSuit''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardSuit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Club-TheCard ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Clue :wnsense "clew2n", "clue2n", "cue2n" ; :wordnet "clew", "clue", "cue" ; a :ObjectType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Clue'' is some observation that suggests and answer to some question with more or less degree of strength. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'clue' in WordNet: 2. (2) clue, clew, cue - (evidence that helps to solve a problem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalEvidence . :Clueless :wnsense "clueless1adj" ; :wordnet "clueless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clueless' in Wordnet: 1. clueless - (totally uninformed about what is going on; not having even a clue from which to infer what is occurring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uninformed . :Clumping :wnsense "bunch up2v", "bunch2v", "clump1v", "cluster2v" ; :wordnet "bunch", "bunch up", "clump", "cluster" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clumping'' is an Action in which some Group of objects come together by internal forces, possibly assisted by a person or a natural agent,to form small ''Lump''s (clumps, clods) of material. The component Objects of the ''Lump'' may preexist as small objects or (as in clotting or curdling) may form in the process of the ''Clumping'' Event. The ''Lump'' formed may be ''Unordered'' so 'crystallization'' forming ordered crystals is not a subtype of this type. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'clump' in WordNet: 4. bunch, bunch up, bundle, cluster, clump - (gather or cause to gather into a cluster; \"She bunched her fingers into a fist\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gathering . :Clumsy :isAnAttributeValueOf :ClumsyPerson ; :isTheOppositeOf :Graceful ; :wnsense "clumsy1adj", "clunky1adj", "gawky1adj", "ungainly1adj" ; :wordnet "clumsy", "clunky", "gawky", "ungainly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Clumsy' is an attribute of people or actions, characterizing the manner in which people perform actions, specifically that the action lacks grace, and appears or is inefficient and inexpert. NOTE: 'ungainly' seems to have other meanings as opposite of 'graceful', e.g. 'prose style': RHW 'ungainly': not graceful; awkward; unwieldy; clumsy: an ungainly child; an ungainly prose style. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'clumsy' in Wordnet: 1. (4) gawky, clumsy, clunky, ungainly, unwieldy - (lacking grace in movement or posture; 'a gawky lad with long ungainly legs'; 'clumsy fingers'; 'what an ungainly creature a giraffe is'; 'heaved his unwieldy figure out of his chair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ClumsyPerson :wnsense "clumsy person1n", "klutz1n" ; :wordnet "clumsy person", "klutz" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ClumsyPerson'' is a Person whose actions are not efficient and smooth, and tends to bump into things or drop things or generally not perform motor actions well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clumsy person' an approximately to one sense of the Yidish term 'klutz' in Wordnet: 1. clumsy person - (a person with poor motor coordination) WN 'klutz': 1. klutz - ((Yiddish) a clumsy dolt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clumsy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cluster :ldoce "bunch" ; :wnsense "bunch1n", "clump1n", "cluster1n", "clustering1n" ; :wordnet "bunch", "clump", "cluster", "clustering" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cluster'' is a Group of three or more PhysicalObjects, closely related in space or time, but not necessarily connected; for a 'bunch' that is connected, like a bunch of bananas, use ''Bunch''. A ''Cluster'' should be physically or visually (from some perspective) close to each other, and this distinguishes a ''Cluster'' from a more general Group. For 'many' (4 or more) things that are not necessarily physically proximate, use 'LotOfThings'. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'bunch' in RHW: 2. a group of things: a bunch of papers. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'cluster' in Wordnet: 1. (11) bunch, clump, cluster, clustering - (a grouping of a number of similar things; 'a bunch of trees'; 'a cluster of admirers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalGroup, :PluralThing . :ClusterOfAnimals :en "cluster of animals" ; :enn "cluster of animals" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ClusterOfAnimals'' is a ''GroupOfAnimals'' that has assembled together in close proximity (into a ''Cluster'') by a ''ClusteringTogether'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cluster, :GroupOfAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClusteringTogether ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clustered ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Clustered :isAnAttributeValueOf :Group ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ClusteringTogether ; :isTheOppositeOf :WidelySpaced ; :wnsense "bunched1adj", "bunchy1adj", "clustered2adj" ; :wordnet "bunched", "bunchy", "clustered" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clustered'' is the AttributeValue of some ''Group'' of ''Object''s (physical or Abstract) that have locations (in some space) that are closer to each other than other similar groups, or other objects in the same space. This can be used for ''PhysicalObject''s or for abstract things like data points, whether on some physical graph or in an abstract mathematical space. This kind of arangement can arise from any cause, including intentional 'clustering'as a mathematical technique, or animals moving together (''ClusteringTogether'') to form a ''ClusterOfAnimals'' . Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'clustered' in Wordnet: 2. bunched, bunchy, clustered - (occurring close together in bunches or clusters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ClusteringTogether :wnsense "clump2v", "cluster1v", "constellate2v", "flock2v" ; :wordnet "clump", "cluster", "constellate", "flock" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ClusteringTogether'' is a 'GatheringTogether' Event in which two or more animals (including people) *intentionally* move from being more distant to being together in close contact within some definable Region. NOTE that this is a ''PurposefulAction''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cluster' in WordNet: 1. (4) cluster, constellate, flock, clump - (come together as in a cluster or flock; \"The poets constellate in this town every summer\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GatheringTogether, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfAnimals ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :ClusterOfAnimals ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clustered ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Clutter :wnsense "clutter1n", "fuddle1n", "jumble1n", "mare's nest1n", "muddle1n", "smother1n", "welter1n" ; :wordnet "clutter", "fuddle", "jumble", "mare's nest", "muddle", "smother", "welter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clutter' in WordNet: 1. clutter, jumble, muddle, fuddle, mare's nest, welter, smother - (a confused multitude of things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disorder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObjectGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :CoFounder :en "co-founder" ; :enn "co-founder" ; :wnsense "cofounder1n" ; :wordnet "cofounder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cofounder' in WordNet: 1. cofounder - (one of a group of founders) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Founder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoFounders ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :CoFounders :en "cofounders" ; :enn "cofounders" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Each ''CoFounders'' is a GroupOfPeople who jointly founded (and thus co-founded) some Organization. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CoFounder :Founder ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoundingAnOrganization ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :CoLocatedContestants :wnsense "competitor1n", "contestant1n" ; :wordnet "competitor", "contestant" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoLocatedContestants'' is a 'GroupOfContestants' that are all present at a location where the ''ConflictEvent'' occurs. This is for a //ConflictEvent'' such as a battle or a sports game where all the players have to be present physically in the same feld of battle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfContestants, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :CoStar :wnsense "co-star1n" ; :wordnet "co-star" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ostar'' is one of twoor more ''StarActor''s (usually nomore than two or three) who have the most prominent ('principle') Roles in a Play or Movie. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'co-star' in WordNet: 1. co-star - (one of two actors who are given equal status as stars in a play or film) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StarActor . :CoWorker :en "coworker" ; :enn "coworker" ; :wnsense "co-worker1n", "colleague1n", "fellow worker1n", "workfellow1n" ; :wordnet "co-worker", "colleague", "fellow worker", "workfellow" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoWorker'' is a ''Colleague'' (a ''Worker'') who works closely together in contact with other person(s) toward a common Goal. Not just a fellow employee NOTE that the parent ''Colleague'' does not require in-person contact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'co-worker' in WordNet: 1. (3) colleague, co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow - (an associate you work with) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colleague, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingTogether ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :CoachingAthletes :en "coaching" ; :ldoce "train" ; :wnsense "coach1v", "train7v", "training1n" ; :wordnet "coach", "train", "training" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoachingAthletes'' is an Action in which some person (often formally called a ''Coach'') provides information to help ''Athlete''s achieve better performance. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'coach' and sense 7 of 'train' in WordNet: 1. (1) coach, train - (teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports; 'He is training our Olympic team'; 'She is coaching the crew') WN noun 'training': 1. (71) training, preparation, grooming - (activity leading to skilled behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingAnAgent, :TrainingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :Athlete ] . :Coal :guid "c0f46d1e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Carbon ; :wnsense "coal1n" ; :wordnet "coal" ; a :NaturalResourceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Carbonized vegetable matter, usually black, usually used as fuel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coal' in Wordnet: 1. (5) coal - (fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombustibleFuelSubstance, :FossilFuel, :MineralResource, :NaturalResourceSubstance, :NaturalTangibleStuff, :OrganicSubstance, :SolidSubstance . :CoalCar :wnsense "coal car1n" ; :wordnet "coal car" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoalCar'' is a ''FreightCar'' designed to transport Coal. It has an open top, and the coal may be piled so that part of the pile is visibe above the topedge of the sides. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coal car' in Wordnet: 1. coal car - (freight car with fixed sides and no roof; for transporting coal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreightCar, :OpenTopContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :CoalMine :wnsense "coal mine1n" ; :wordnet "coal mine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoalMine'' is a ''Mine'' (including an open pit or mountaintop removal facility) where ''Coal'' is extracted from the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coal mine' in WordNet: 1. coal mine, coalpit - (a mine where coal is dug from the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coal ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoalMining ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :CoalMining :en "coal mining" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Extracting ''Coal'' from the earth, whether from an undergrond mine or open-pit, or mountaintop removal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coal ; owl:onProperty :hasPurposeOfObtaining ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoalMine ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :Coalition :wnsense "alignment1n", "alinement1n", "alliance3n", "coalition1n" ; :wordnet "alignment", "alinement", "alliance", "coalition" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Coalition' is an Organization of IntelligentAgents that could be individual people, other Organizations, or Nations, the purpose of whichis to support each other in achieving some mutually desirable goals. This type is for non-commercial groups supporting some political or ideological causes, or,in the usual case for Nations forming an 'alliance', for mutual defense against possible military threats. Nations may form alliances for other purposes e.g. the 'Alliance For Progress'. That makes it difficult to specify the difference between a ''Coalition'' and other types of Organization - basically, a ''Coalition'' or ''Alliance'' is whatever its members call a'coalition' or 'alliance'. If there is a 'Treaty' between countries,then there is an Alliance or Coalition. A''Treaty'' or 'pact' would be 'part' of an alliance between Nations since Organizations are not merely groups of agents, but have multiple associated components specified by their charter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coalition' in WordNet: 1. (1) alliance, coalition, alignment, alinement - (an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Treaty ; owl:onProperty :mayHavePart ] ; owl:disjointWith :CommercialOrganization . :Coarse :isAnAttributeValueOf :GranularSubstance ; :isaValueOf :Granularity ; :wnsense "coarse1adj" ; :wordnet "coarse" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having a granularity that is very large; of substances (including granular substances) or of texture on surfaces. This attribute can be interpreted relative to the norm for the substance being described; all gravel is 'Course' relative to sand, but 'coarse gravel' would be of even larger than typical gravel particles. For 'coarse' as in 'coarse manners' use 'Vulgar'. @ToDo: as of rev1203, the levels of granularity have not been ordered. See also 'hasGranularity' and 'Homogeneous'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coarse' in WordNet: 1. (1) coarse, harsh - (of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles; 'coarse meal'; 'coarse sand'; 'a coarse weave') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :CoarseMeal :wnsense "meal1n" ; :wordnet "meal" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :RoleType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is only the food ingredient, not a whole 'meal' comprising various prepared food - for that use ''Meal''. in WordNet: 3. meal - (coarsely ground foodstuff; especially seeds of various cereal grasses or pulse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodIngredientOnly, :GranularSubstance, :SolidFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Coarsely :isAnAttributeValueOf :GranularSubstance, :Grinding, :Texture ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Coarse ; :wnsense "coarsely1adv" ; :wordnet "coarsely" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Coarsely'' is an AdverbialModifier, that pertains to a Manner of grinding materials so at to produce a ''GranularSubstance'' - if the resulting particles are larger than they might be with a different process, then they have been ground ''Coarsely'' rather than finely. This may also be used to modify adjectives that pertain to a ''GranularSubstance'' or to a surface texture. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'coarsely' in Wordnet: 1. (1) coarsely - (in coarse pieces; 'the surfaces were coarsely granular') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Coast :ldoce "coast" ; :wnsense "coast1n", "sea-coast1n", "seaboard1n", "seacoast1n", "seashore1n", "seaside1n" ; :wordnet "coast", "sea-coast", "seaboard", "seacoast", "seashore", "seaside" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The shore of a sea. This includes the WN subtype 'seaside'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'coast' and sense 1 of 'seaside' in WordNet: 1. (20) seashore, coast, seacoast, sea-coast - (the shore of a sea or ocean) WN noun 'seaside': 1. seaside, seaboard - (the shore of a sea or ocean regarded as a resort) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sea ] . :Coastal :isTheOppositeOf :Inland ; :pertainsTo :Coast ; :wnsense "coastal1adj", "coastal2adj" ; :wordnet "coastal" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Coastal'' pertains to a ''Coast'' or anything located near a Coast or characteristic of or happening near a ''Coast''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2of 'coastal' in WordNet: 1. (1) coastal - (of or relating to a coast; 'coastal erosion') 2. (1) coastal - (located on or near or bordering on a coast; 'coastal marshes'; 'coastal waters'; 'the Atlantic coastal plain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CoastalDivingBird :wnsense "coastal diving bird1n" ; :wordnet "coastal diving bird" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """e.g. Gulls and terns. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coastal diving bird' in WordNet: 1. coastal diving bird - (gull family; skimmer family; jaeger family; auk family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seabird . :CoastalWaters :en "coastal waters" ; :enn "coastal waters" ; a :HabitatType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoastalWaters'' is that part of an Ocean near enough to the shoreline to be able to see the land. This includes inlets, bays, and other bodies of water directly connected to the Ocean. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfSaltWater, :Habitat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoreline ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ocean ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :CoasterForDrink :guid "bffa3986-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coaster3n" ; :wordnet "coaster" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some coasters are square, so they are not necessarily Disks. Even is it has an upturned edge, it is approximately sheetlike. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'coaster' in WordNet: 3. coaster - (a covering (plate or mat) that protects the surface of a table (i.e., from the condensation on a cold glass or bottle)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtectiveSystem, :SmallRigidSheet . :Coastline :wnsense "coastline1n", "shoreline1n" ; :wordnet "coastline", "shoreline" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coastline' in WordNet: 1. coastline - (the outline of a coast) WN 'shoreline': 1. shoreline - (a boundary line between land and water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoundaryLine, :Outline, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShoreAndWater ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Coat :guid "bd58e11e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "coat" ; :wnsense "coat1n" ; :wordnet "coat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Outerwear intended to cover at least the torso and arms, and possibly the legs as well. Coats have sleeves, but not legs. SUMO: Clothing that has sleeves and covers from the neck down. Coats are intended to be worn outdoors. Therefore LabCoat is not a subtype. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'coat' in WordNet: 1. (264) coat - (an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvelopingCovering, :OutdoorClothing, :OuterGarment, :WarmClothingItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :CoatHanger :wnsense "clothes hanger1n", "coat hanger1n", "dress hanger1n" ; :wordnet "clothes hanger", "coat hanger", "dress hanger" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoatHanger'' is a ''Hanger'' that is a v-shaped rigid or semi-rigid object that has a hook-like component at the point of the 'V', which can be used to hold objects and allow them to be suspended from a horizontal ''ClothingRod'' or from a fixed hook like a ''ClothesHook''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coat hanger' in WordNet: 1. coat hanger, clothes hanger, dress hanger - (a hanger that is shaped like a person's shoulders and used to hang garments on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hanger, :Hook, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingRod ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :CoatTail :en "coat-tail" ; :wnsense "coat tail1n" ; :wordnet "coat tail" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The hanging rear part of a coat that has tails - usually only formal wear.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HangingDownPart, :Protrusion, :SomethingToWearPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coat ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Coated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Coating ; :wnsense "coated1adj" ; :wordnet "coated" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Coated' is the AttributeValue of a SolidObject where the surface of the Object has some substance applied to it or spread on it, intentionally or not. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coated' in Wordnet: 1. (1) coated - (having a coating; covered with an outer layer or film; often used in combination; 'coated paper has a smooth polished coating especially suitable for halftone printing'; 'sugar-coated pills') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covered . :Coating :hasShape :SheetLike ; :ldoce "coat" ; :wnsense "coat2n", "coating1n" ; :wordnet "coat", "coating" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Coating' is a thin film of some substance attached by bonding forces or by gravity to some solid surface. The prototypical 'coat' or 'coating' would be a coat of paint on an object, but a 'coating' of dust settled on a horizontal surface is included in this type. The restriction requires that the substance making up the Coating be specified. A Coating can be temporary, such as a coating of oil on a surface. Subtypes may be needed, expecially for paint. The 'Coating' may be applied as a solid sheet (as in Sheffield Plate for silver) or as a liquid which may or may not dry. Dust particles may accumulate or settle without any human intention. This Coating may be part of a physical object (the paint on a car or a wall), or may just be 'attached' loosely, like dust on a surface (it shouldn't all fall off under gravity if the surface is inverted - though some of the Coating may fall off). The special relation 'isaSurfaceCoatingOn' is created to relate this type to its base. The part that a Coating attached to is a 'SurfaceOnTangibleObject'. @ToDo: it is unclear at present (v973) how to specify this relation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'coat' and sense 1 of 'coating' in WordNet: 2. (77) coating, coat - (a thin layer covering something; 'a second coat of paint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Layer, :SurfaceOnTangibleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSurfaceCoatingOn ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterPhysicalSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :CoatingMaterial :guid "c0f842e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ArtificialSubstance that is intended to be applied to a surface of a PhysicalObject and to stick to the surface (often but not necessarily drying out there, as paint), to impart certain properties to the surface. Note that natural substances, when removed from their natural setting and made useful for human purposes, are then 'ArtificialSubstances'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumableProduct . :CoatingOfSilver :en "silver coating" ; :enn "silver coating" ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoatingOfSilver'' is a 'Coating' mostly consisting of ''Silver''. For the coating produced by ''SilerPlating'' use subtype ''SilverPlate''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silver ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Coauthor :en "co-author" ; :enn "co-author" ; :wnsense "coauthor1n", "joint author1n" ; :wordnet "coauthor", "joint author" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Coauthor'' is an 'Author' who is one of the ''Author''s of a ConceptualWork. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coauthor' in WordNet: 1. coauthor, joint author - (a writer who collaborates with others in writing something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Author, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProfessionalAuthoring ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coauthors ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Coauthors :en "coauthors" ; :enn "coauthors" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Coauthors'' is a Group of ''Coauthor''s who have authored some specific ''ConceptualWork'' that is a ''WrittenWork''. For instantiating an instance of this type,the specific ''WrittenWork'' needs to be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coauthor' in WordNet: 1. coauthor, joint author - (a writer who collaborates with others in writing something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Author, :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Coauthor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Coauthor ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :WrittenWork ] . :Cobalt :guid "bd58d193-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "27"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Co2n", "cobalt1n" ; :wordnet "Co", "cobalt" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cobalt'' is a PhysicalSubstance. In CYC it is an Object: CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of cobalt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cobalt' in WordNet: 1. cobalt, Co, atomic number 27 - (a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Cobra :guid "bd58930c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cobra1n" ; :wordnet "cobra" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Native to Africa and Asia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cobra' in WordNet: 1. cobra - (venomous Asiatic and African elapid snakes that can expand the skin of the neck into a hood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VenomousSnake . :CocaCola :guid "bd58b48d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Coca Cola1n", "Coke2n" ; :wordnet "Coca Cola", "Coke" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ This is for the substance ''Coca Cola'' - the SodaPop. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Coca Cola' in WordNet: 1. (1) Coca Cola, Coke - (Coca Cola is a trademarked cola) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SodaPop . :Cocaine :guid "bf6545ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cocain1n", "cocaine1n" ; :wordnet "cocain", "cocaine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: #$Cocaine is a naturally occurring substance present in the leaves of the #$CocaPlant. Pharmacologically, #$Cocaine has two prominent actions: it is a potent #$LocalAnesthetic, and it is a powerful #$Stimulant. Psychotropically, #$Cocaine inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine in the brain, causing alertness and heightened energy, a sense of euphoria, decreased anxiety and social inhibitions, and heightened sexuality. Side-effects include addiction, anxiety, depression, irritability, extreme fatigue, and possibly paranoia. #$Cocaine has been used in South America for more than 3,000 years and in the United States since the 19th century in a variety of forms: coca leaves, coca paste, #$Cocaine-Powder, and cocaine base (e.g., freebase and #$Cocaine-Crack). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocaine' in WordNet: 1. (1) cocaine, cocain - (a narcotic (alkaloid) extracted from coca leaves; used as a surface anesthetic or taken for pleasure; can become powerfully addictive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddictiveSubstance, :Alkaloid, :IllegalDrug, :LocalAnesthetic, :Stimulant . :Coccus :wnsense "cocci1n", "coccus1n" ; :wordnet "cocci", "coccus" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coccus' in WordNet: 1. coccus, cocci - (any spherical or nearly spherical bacteria) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spherical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Coccyx :guid "bf55ea1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coccyx1n", "tail bone1n" ; :wordnet "coccyx", "tail bone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Several Vertebrae fused together into one, forming the end of the ''SpinalColumn'' in humans. RHW: 1. a small triangular bone forming the lower extremity of the spinal column in humans, consisting of four ankylosed rudimentary vertebrae. See diag. under spinal column. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coccyx' in WordNet: 1. coccyx, tail bone - (the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vertebra, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinalColumn ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :Cochlea :guid "bea7c998-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cochlea1n" ; :wordnet "cochlea" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all cochlea. Each #$Cochlea is a tube (#$AnatomicalVessel)that is part of an #$InnerEar which spirals through a #$TemporalBone. Hairs in a #$Cochlea detect sound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cochlea' in WordNet: 1. cochlea - (the snail-shaped tube (in the inner ear coiled around the modiolus) where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses by the organ of Corti) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ear ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snail ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TubeShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Cochlear :pertainsTo :Cochlea ; :wnsense "cochlear1adj" ; :wordnet "cochlear" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cochlear'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''Cochlea'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cochlear' in Wordnet: 1. cochlear - (of or relating to the cochlea of the ear; 'cochlear implant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Cock :wnsense "cock5n" ; :wordnet "cock" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The adult male of any Bird. For the adult male Chicken use subtype 'Rooster'. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'cock' in Wordnet: 5. cock - (adult male bird) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdultAnimal, :Bird, :MaleAnimal ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Bird :AdultAnimal :MaleAnimal ) ] . :Cockatiel :guid "c041b7aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Nymphicus hollandicus1n", "cockateel1n", "cockatiel1n", "cockatoo parrot1n" ; :wordnet "Nymphicus hollandicus", "cockateel", "cockatiel", "cockatoo parrot" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of small Parrots living in the #$ContinentOfAustralia. Their scientific name is Nymphicus hollandicus. NOTE: CYC has this as a family, and WN as a species. We represent it as the species and family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cockatiel' in WordNet: 1. cockateel, cockatiel, cockatoo parrot, Nymphicus hollandicus - (small grey Australian parrot with a yellow crested head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parrot . :Cockatoo :guid "ef2e3746-f023-41d6-96c3-cb71a02e9717" ; :wnsense "cockatoo1n" ; :wordnet "cockatoo" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of parrot originally from the Australasian area which is frequently kept as a pet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cockatoo' in WordNet: 1. (1) cockatoo - (white or light-colored crested parrot of the Australian region; often kept as cage birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parrot . :CockerSpaniel :wnsense "English cocker spaniel1n", "cocker spaniel1n", "cocker1n" ; :wordnet "English cocker spaniel", "cocker", "cocker spaniel" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocker spaniel' in WordNet: 1. cocker spaniel, English cocker spaniel, cocker - (a small breed with a wavy silky hair originally developed in England) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spaniel . :Cockpit :wnsense "cockpit1n" ; :wordnet "cockpit" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cockpit'' is the ''Compartment'' in an ''Airplane'' where the Pilot sits and controls the ''Airplane''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cockpit' in WordNet: 1. (2) cockpit - (compartment where the pilot sits while flying the aircraft) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compartment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Airplane ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ] . :Cockroach :guid "bd58893a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cockroach1n", "roach4n" ; :wordnet "cockroach", "roach" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Often associated with unclean living quarters, but common in warm climates. Typically black or brown. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cockroach' in WordNet: 1. (1) cockroach, roach - (any of numerous chiefly nocturnal insects; some are domestic pests) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect, :Scavenger, :TerrestrialOrganism, :Vermin . :CocktailDrink :guid "bf618f5b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :EthylAlcohol ; :wnsense "cocktail1n" ; :wordnet "cocktail" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of cocktail drinks, mixture of #$AlcoholicBeverages, #$FlavoringCompounds and often #$Juice, typically served as refreshments preceding or accompanying a meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocktail' in WordNet: 1. cocktail - (a short mixed drink) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MixedDrink . :CocoaBean :wnsense "cacao bean1n", "cocoa bean1n" ; :wordnet "cacao bean", "cocoa bean" ; a :FruitType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One Cocoa bean. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocoa bean' in Wordnet: 1. cacao bean, cocoa bean - (seed of the cacao tree; ground roasted beans are source of chocolate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chocolate ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CacaoTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Coconut :wnsense "cocoanut1n", "coconut2n" ; :wordnet "cocoanut", "coconut" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The fruit of the coconut palm tree. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'coconut' in WordNet: 2. (1) coconut, cocoanut - (large hard-shelled oval nut with a fibrous husk containing thick white meat surrounding a central cavity filled (when fresh) with fluid or milk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleNut . :CoconutMeat :wnsense "coconut meat1n", "coconut1n" ; :wordnet "coconut", "coconut meat" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The meat of the ''Coconut''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coconut' in WordNet: 1. (3) coconut, coconut meat - (the edible white meat a coconut; often shredded for use in e.g. cakes and curries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coconut ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :CoconutOil :guid "bd58ada8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coconut oil1n" ; :wordnet "coconut oil" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Oil pressed from the dried white flesh of coconuts; also called palm oil. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coconut oil' in WordNet: 1. coconut oil, copra oil - (oil from coconuts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VegetableOil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coconut ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :CoconutPalm :wnsense "coco palm1n", "coco1n", "cocoa palm1n", "coconut palm1n", "coconut tree1n", "coconut3n" ; :wordnet "coco", "coco palm", "cocoa palm", "coconut", "coconut palm", "coconut tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoconutPalm'' is a Palm trees whose fruit is a ''Coconut''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coconut palm' in WordNet: 1. coconut, coconut palm, coco palm, coco, cocoa palm, coconut tree, Cocos nucifera - (tall palm tree bearing coconuts as fruits; widely planted throughout the tropics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PalmTree . :Cocoon :guid "c10ae8a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cocoon1n" ; :wordnet "cocoon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Containers secreted by some insects in which they pupate. Cocoons are spun out of fibers, or ''silk''. Add ref to 'pupation'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocoon' in WordNet: 1. (1) cocoon - (silky envelope spun by the larvae of many insects to protect pupas and by spiders to protect eggs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalCovering, :Container, :OrganicObject, :ProtectiveObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secretion-Bodily ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pupa ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :containsManyOfObjectType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fiber ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InsectLarva ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cocos-KeelingIslands a :Country . :CodFish :guid "bd67e5b5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cod3n", "codfish2n" ; :wordnet "cod", "codfish" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'codfish' in WordNet: 2. cod, codfish - (major food fish of arctic and cold-temperate waters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFish, :Fish, :Soft-finnedFish . :Coda :wnsense "coda1n", "finale2n" ; :wordnet "coda", "finale" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coda' in WordNet: 1. finale, coda - (the closing section of a musical composition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEvent, :AudioConceptualWork, :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalComposition ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalComposition ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtTheEndOf ] . :Code a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Code is an ordered Group of symbols, at least one of which is the CodeSymbol (usually a CodeString) and at least one other being the explanation or interpretation of the CodeSymbol (the 'CodeDescription'). We adopt the convention that a Code is always part of a CodeList, even if there is only one element in the List. A Code should never be used unless the CodeList and CodingAuthority are also specified. A CodeList will sometimes be included in a CodeSpecification, which has additional explanatory information on the usage of the CodeList. But a Codelist may simply be a CodeTable in a database, which may have only two columns, the CodeString and the CodeDescription; the CodingAuthority for a CodeTable can be the DatabaseAdministrator. NOTE: a system of encoding, often commonly called a 'Code' is represented as the parent ''CodingSystem''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CodingSystem, :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInList ; owl:someValuesFrom :CodeList ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :CodeSymbol ] . :CodeDescription a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CodeDescription is an AbstractString containing a description or definition of the meaning of a COdeSymbol. Every Code must have a CodeDescription.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString . :CodeEnumeration a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CodeEnumeration is an Enumeration (of code strings) contained in a database model or schema, in which the individual strings (or numbers) are intended as codes representing something else - for example, longer versions of the (abbreviated) strings, or other entities which for some reason are not referred to as full entities in the database. NOTE that this is a list of CodeStrings, not of Codes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CodeString ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :CodeList :en "code string" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CodeList is a list of Codes, each Code is a Group of elements containing at least a CodeString and the meaning of the CodeString, with possibly other elements The internal structure of a Code not yet fully defined (v0.2). The relations should be: (1) each CodeString is an element of a (Group) Code, and (2) each Code isInList (some CodeList). NOTE that some CodeString might be assigned by more than one CodingAuthority, meaning that the same code may mean different things for different CodingAuthorities and on different CodeLists. The meaning must be found by referencing the specific CodeList used. In the event that the same code is used in one system (ontology or application) to mean different things, the amiguity must be resolved by specifying a CodeList as the parent Type for each data instance represented as a Code. This is important where numbers are used as Codes in databases; each such number will be an instance of a CodeString from a CodeList (which will often be represented as an enumeration in a data model). Thus an enumeration in a data model functions (and may be represented) as a CodeList.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Code ; owl:onProperty :containsCode ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DatabaseCreation ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DatabaseSearching ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :CodeListPrefix :en "code string" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each CodeListPrefix is an AbstractString that is unique in the ontology, and serves as a prefix that will make each CodeString represented in the ontology as a unique ontology element, with a unique meaning, even if the string of characters constituting the CodeString is used many times over with different meanings.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NamespacePrefix, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DatabaseCreation ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DatabaseSearching ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :CodeNumber a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CodeNumber is a CodeString which is an IntegerString. As a convention for convenience, each CodeNumber must be prefixed by the capital letters 'CN', and the number itself will follow those two letters. This permits the creation of individual CodeNumbers as instance of this class, with legitimate individual names (numbers alone are not permitted in OWL). A CodeNumber with 'CN' in the name must conform to that syntax, so the system can recognize the number even if it has no assigned system String. NOTE that this convention is used because there is a distinction between the representations of strings that are instances of an 'AbstractString' Type and strings that are encoded as system datatypes, though they are fundamentally the same conceptual entities. This is an implementation issue.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CodeString, :IntegerString . :CodeOfEthics :wnsense "ethic1n", "ethic2n", "ethical code1n", "moral principle1n", "value orientation1n", "value-system1n" ; :wordnet "ethic", "ethical code", "moral principle", "value orientation", "value-system" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CodeOfEthics'' is a ''SystemOfRules'' accepted (usually voluntarily) by some community as representing proper guidance for behavior that is considered ''Moral''. and/or ''Honorable''. NOTE: at this point there is little distinction between 'Honor' and ''Morality'', whih might be discriminated when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethical code' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'ethic' in WordNet: 1. ethic, ethical code - (a system of principles governing morality and acceptable conduct) WN noun 'ethic': 1. (2) ethic, moral principle, value-system, value orientation - (the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group; 'the Puritan ethic'; 'a person with old-fashioned values') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SystemOfRules, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonalEthics ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Honor ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Morality ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BehaviorTowardOthers ; owl:onProperty :ableToAffect ] . :CodeSpecification :en "code specification" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CodeSpecification is an AbstractDocument that contains a CodeList and will typically contain some other explanatory materials such as who created the CodeList, and how and in what circumstances the Codes are to be used. NOTE the restriction: every CodeSpecification contains a CodeList. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :containsSymbolicObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :CodeList ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CodingSystem ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :CodeString :en "code string" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each CodeString is an AbstractString that represents a Code that was created by some CodingAuthority to represent some other word, phrase, or concept. Every CodeString must be part of a CodeList and must have a CodingAuthority who created it, defined it, and maintains it. What is commonly called a 'Code' is here referred to as a CodeString. A CodeString may be a number. NOTE: that the name of each instance of CodeString in this ontology must be unique; therefore, the name of the CodeString is created by prefixing a code string prefix to the actual string that serves as the code. The actual code itself can be recovered by using the 'representsCode' datatype relation. NOTE that some CodeString might be assigned by more than one CodingAuthority, meaning that the same code may mean different things for different CodingAuthorities and on different CodeLists. The meaning must be found by referencing the specific CodeList used. In the event that the same code is used in one system (ontology or application) to mean different things, the amiguity must be resolved by specifying a CodeList as the parent Type for each data instance represented as a Code. This is important where numbers are used as Codes in databases; each such number will be an instance of a CodeString from a CodeList (which will often be represented as an enumeration in a data model). Thus an enumeration in a data model functions (and may be represented) as a CodeList. COSMO-ToDo: The internal structure of codes and code lists had not yet been fully described or axiomatized.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, :CodeSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority ; owl:someValuesFrom :CodingAuthority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPartOfCodeList ; owl:someValuesFrom :CodeList ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DatabaseCreation ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DatabaseSearching ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :CodeSymbol a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CodeSymbol is an AbstractSymbol created for the purpose of serving as the symbol element of a Code.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbol . :CodeTable a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CodeTable is a table contained in a *database*, in which the individual strings (or numbers) that are used as CodeStrings in that database are defined. The CodeTable must contain, in each row, at least the CodeString and its meaning, but may contain many other columns with other information about each CodeString. The column in a CodeTable that names the ontology entity represented by the Code may all be of a common type, and in that case the common type may be specified by using the relation 'columnValuesHaveType' on that column, to point to the common type. If there is no common type (the aluoes may themselves be names of ontology types), this relation need not be used. In a CodeTable, each row of the Table represents one Code, and each cell is one element in the list which is the Code.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CodeList, :DatabaseTable . :Codex :wnsense "codex2n", "leaf-book1n" ; :wordnet "codex", "leaf-book" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Codex'' is a (usually) older (ancient or medieval) ''Manuscript'' that is organized as leaves of pages - whether or not bound in some way. This contrasts with 'scroll' which is the traditional form of ancient books. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'codex' in WordNet: 2. codex, leaf-book - (an unbound manuscript of some ancient classic (as distinguished from a scroll)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manuscript . :CodingAuthority a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A CodingAuthority is an Authority who has created a CodeList."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authority . :CodingSystem :wnsense "coding system1n" ; :wordnet "coding system" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'coding system' (includes codes not just for numbers but for concepts of arbitrary complexity) in WordNet: 1. coding system - (a system of signals used to represent letters or numbers in transmitting messages) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-encoding-system . :Coefficient :wnsense "coefficient1n" ; :wordnet "coefficient" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Coefficient'' is a constant number that relates two measureable quantities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coefficient' in WordNet: 1. (14) coefficient - (a constant number that serves as a measure of some property or characteristic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantMathematicalQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Equation ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :Coelomate :guid "be8ad325-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MulticellularOrganism and #$Animal. This is the collection of (individual) organisms that have three well-defined derm layers, an ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, and posses a coelem. A coelem is a fluid-filled body cavity between the outer body wall and the gut. Members of the phylum Annelida (segmented worms), for example, are #$Coelomates.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :MulticellularOrganism . :Coexistence :wnsense "co-occur1v", "coexist2v", "coexistence1n", "coincide1v", "cooccur1n" ; :wordnet "co-occur", "coexist", "coexistence", "coincide", "cooccur" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Coexistence' is a 'PersistentState' performed by a Group of entities (Objects or Events) that either 'exist' (perform ''Existence'', e.g. be in some particular location) or occur (an ''Event'' is something that occurs or happens), both at some interval of time; it is not necessary that the starting time or the ending time of either thing existing be the same for them to 'coexist' in some time interval. To specify that two or more Events happened at least partly at the same time, use subtype ''Coinciding''. NOTE: to exist 'together' as the WN gloss describes it does not mean to exist in the same *place*, only at the same *time*. To exist in the same place at the same time would be a subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'coexist' and *part* of noun sense 1 of 'coexistence' (not necessarily peacefully, and not necessarily of agents) in WordNet: 2. coexist - (exist together) WN noun 'coexistence': 1. (2) coexistence - (existing peacefully together) WN verb 'coincide': 1. (9) coincide, co-occur, cooccur - (go with, fall together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Existence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PluralThing ] . :Coffee :guid "bd59045e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Coffee-Ground ; :wnsense "coffee1n" ; :wordnet "coffee" ; a :BeverageType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC called 'Coffee-Beverage'. CYC: Coffee, the stuff type. See also #$Coffee-Hot for a more specific version of this. This is a beverage, and does not include coffea beans, powder, or dehydrated coffee. Usually has caffine in it but may be decafeinated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffee' in Wordnet: 1. (48) coffee, java - (a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans; 'he ordered a cup of coffee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :ArtificialSubstance, :NonAlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoffeePot ; owl:onProperty :mayBeMadeUsing ] . :Coffee-Ground :guid "bd58cc17-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :CoffeeBeans ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Quantities of coffee grinds." ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodIngredientOnly, :GranularSubstance, :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coffee ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :CoffeeBean :wnsense "coffee bean1n", "coffee berry1n", "coffee3n" ; :wordnet "coffee", "coffee bean", "coffee berry" ; a :FruitType, :LifeStageType, :PhysicalObjectType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One Coffee bean. A Coffee bean is produced by the coffee plant. These seeds are usually roasted before sale and use in producing coffee the beverage. This is the 'unit object' of ''CoffeeBeans'', whether fresh or roasted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffee bean' in WordNet: 1. coffee bean, coffee berry, coffee - (a seed of the coffee tree; ground to make coffee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoffeeBush ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coffee-Ground ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoffeeBeans ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :CoffeeBeans :canBeProcessedToProduce :Coffee-Ground ; :en "coffee beans" ; :hasUnitObject :CoffeeBean ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :CoffeeBush ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Coffee beans viewed as a substance consisting of some number of beans. This is a ''GranularSubstance''; the substance inside the beans (of which each bean consists) is not represented by this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coffee-Ground ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoffeeBean ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :CoffeeBreak :guid "aae9c846-1136-41d7-938e-a2b36d0741c1" ; :wnsense "coffee break1n", "tea break1n" ; :wordnet "coffee break", "tea break" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoffeeBreak'' is a type of 'Recess' usually occurring at some point in a working day between starting work and 'lunchtime', or between 'lunchtime' (i.e. the meal break at any time of day during a work shift) and leaving work. The workers on 'CoffeeBreak'' do not necessarily drink coffee, though many do. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffee break' in WordNet: 1. (1) coffee break, tea break - (a snack taken during a break in the work day; 'a ten-minute coffee break'; 'the British have tea breaks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRelaxingEvent, :Recess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkingCoffee ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :CoffeeBush :guid "bd58b422-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coffee tree1n", "coffee2n" ; :wordnet "coffee", "coffee tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bush that produces coffee beans. NOTE: considered as a tree in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffee tree' amd sense 2 of 'coffee'in WordNet: 2. coffee, coffee tree - (any of several small trees and shrubs native to the tropical Old World yielding coffee beans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :CropPlant, :Tree . :CoffeeCup :guid "c10078d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coffee cup1n" ; :wordnet "coffee cup" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all coffee cups. A cup designed for drinking tea; this type always has a handle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffee cup' in Wordnet: 1. (2) coffee cup - (a cup from which coffee is drunk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tea ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :CoffeePot :en "coffee-pot" ; :wnsense "coffeepot1n" ; :wordnet "coffeepot" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pot'' that is designed to boiling water, which then filters through ground coffee beans. It is taller than a ''TeaPot''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffeepot' in Wordnet: 1. (1) coffeepot - (tall pot in which coffee is brewed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coffee ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMake ] . :Coffin :guid "c0fcdbf9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToContain :HumanCorpse ; :wnsense "casket1n", "coffin1n" ; :wordnet "casket", "coffin" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container for storing a human body in a grave. NOTE: some 'coffins' might be used for non-human animals. This is a default Coffin - which might be reused for other purposes. SUMO: A Container for a HumanCorpse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coffin' in Wordnet: 1. (3) coffin, casket - (box in which a corpse is buried or cremated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageConstruct . :Cognition :wnsense "cognition1n" ; :wordnet "cognition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cognition'' is sum of ''ConsciousActivity''s performed by a Person that include many of the subtypes of ''StrictlyMentalEvent'' as well as the direct and indirect effects of perception in the mind - within the brain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cognition' in WordNet: 1. cognition, knowledge, noesis - (the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsciousActivity, :StrictlyMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Cognitive :pertainsTo :Cognition, :KnowingSomething, :Thinking ; :wnsense "cognitive1n" ; :wordnet "cognitive" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cognitive'' is the ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any of the internal mental processes within the brain, especially of humans. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cognitive' in WordNet: 1. cognitive - (of or being or relating to or involving cognition; 'cognitive psychology'; 'cognitive style') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CognitiveProcess :wnsense "cognitive operation1n", "cognitive process1n", "mental process1n", "operation10n", "process2n" ; :wordnet "cognitive operation", "cognitive process", "mental process", "operation", "process" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CognitiveProcess'' is an Action that is performed by the ''Brain'' of an Animal *or* by the the reasoning component of an ''Automaton''. Since the latter can be anwhere in the ''Automaton'', this type does not attempt to localize it there. Those two sources of thinking are merged in the type ''ThinkingUnit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cognitive process' in WordNet: 1. process, cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation - ((psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; 'the process of thinking'; 'the cognitive operation of remembering') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cognition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThinkingUnit ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Cognizant :en "aware of", "knowing" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unknowing ; :wnsense "aware1adj", "cognisant1adj", "cognizant1adj" ; :wordnet "aware", "cognisant", "cognizant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is aware of or 'knows' something - including being in view of something visible, or hearing some sound. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cognizant' in WordNet: 1. aware, cognizant, cognisant - ((sometimes followed by 'of') having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception; 'was aware of his opponent's hostility'; 'became aware of her surroundings'; 'aware that he had exceeded the speed limit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Cohabitation :wnsense "cohabitation1n" ; :wordnet "cohabitation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for any two or more people living together, of any sex, sexual relation or not, whether they share a ''Residence'' or just a ''Bedroom''.. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 (not just sexual) of 'cohabitation' in WordNet: 1. cohabitation - (the act of living together and having a sexual relationship (especially without being married)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residing, :SharingaResource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residence ; owl:onProperty :hasThingShared ] . :Coherence :wnsense "coherence2n", "coherency2n" ; :wordnet "coherence", "coherency" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Coherence'' is a state in which the entity(s) in focus are both comprehensible and logically consistent. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'coherence' in WordNet: 2. coherence, coherency - (logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comprehensibility, :Consistency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coherent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Coherent :indicatesConformanceTo :PossibleWorld ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PropositionGroup ; :isTheOppositeOf :Incoherent ; :wnsense "coherent1adj", "consistent3adj", "logical3adj", "self-consistent1adj" ; :wordnet "coherent", "consistent", "logical", "self-consistent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Coherent'' is a subtype of ''Consistent'' that can be applied to two or more assertions to specify that none of the assertions contradict any one or combination of the others. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coherent' in WordNet: 1. (3) coherent, consistent, logical, ordered, orderly - (marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts; 'a coherent argument') WN adj 'self-consistent': 1. (1) self-consistent - (not self-contradictory) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Consistent . :Cohesion :wnsense "coherence1n", "coherency1n", "cohesion1n", "cohesiveness1n" ; :wordnet "coherence", "coherency", "cohesion", "cohesiveness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cohesion'' is the state of a PhysicalObject consisting of multiple parts that stick together in some manner (by a force or by a glue-like connection). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cohesion' in WordNet: 1. (4) coherence, coherency, cohesion, cohesiveness - (the state of cohering or sticking together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connectedness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComplexPhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Cohesive :guid "be00bb30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cohesive2adj" ; :wordnet "cohesive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Cohesiveness is a specific capacity of a physical object to cohere. Instances of #$Cohesiveness include #$RigidlyCohesive, #$LiquidCohesiveness, and #$HumanlySeparable. Cohesiveness of objects is indicated with the predicate #$cohesivenessOfObject. Includes part of adjective sense 2 of 'cohesive' (pertaining to physical objects or substances) in WordNet: 2. cohesive - (cohering or tending to cohere; well integrated; 'a cohesive organization') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute . :Coil :guid "c110c493-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "helix1n" ; :wordnet "helix" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any LongAndThin SolidObject that is wound into a Coil shape, approximately aligned in a plane around a center of rotation - like the coiled spring of a wind-up device like a watch. Not for linear objects wound around a drum-like object like a spool of thread. This is not necessarily a PhysicalObject; for 'PhysicalObject' use 'CoiledObject'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'coil' in WordNet, but this is restricted to coils that spiral outward in a plane: and cuts the element at a constant angle) in WordNet: 1. (1) coil, spiral, volute, whorl, helix - (a structure consisting of something wound in a continuous series of loops; 'a coil of rope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpiralObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coiled ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :CoilLoosening :en "coil loosening" ; :enn "coil loosening" ; :guid "c0170f0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events which consist of the loosening of a coil. The coil may have a fixed center, a fixed axis or be unconstrained. Non-fixed points engage in spiral motion about the#$PhysicalAxis of rotation. The process is reversed by #$CoilTightening. #$CoilLoosening releases energy upon passing from a tightened state towards the rest state. #$CoilLoosening past the rest state requires energy. The term often means just uncoiling to(wards) the rest state. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deforming . :CoilTightening :guid "bf205152-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events which consist of the tightening of a coil. The coil may have a fixed center or a fixed axis. Non-fixed points engage in spiral motion about the axis of rotation. The process is reversed by #$CoilLoosening. There is a mechanical limit to the amount of #$CoilTightening which can be done, which in some cases is easy to reach. Winding a #$WristWatch is an example of #$CoilTightening. #$CoilTightening is differentiated from #$Reeling in, in that in #$CoilTightening the object is in a tighter coil after the #$CoilTightening process, whereas when reeling in the coil remains about the same tightness, but a greater perportion of the object is in the coil. #$CoilTightening takes energy to tighten some objects beyond their rest state, but releases energy when tightening back to the rest state after forcefully being uncoiled. Making a coil of rope from an uncoiled rope by pulling it onto a spinning reel is #$Reeling; tightening that coil is #$CoilTightening.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial . :Coiled :wnsense "coiled1adj" ; :wordnet "coiled" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Coiled' is the property of a two-dimensional object that is long and thin, and spirals outward from a point, in a plane, to form a 'Coil', like the spring of a watch. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'coiled' in WordNet: 1. coiled - (curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals); 'a coiled snake ready to strike'; 'the rope lay coiled on the deck') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spiral . :CoiledObject :wnsense "coil1n" ; :wordnet "coil" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any LongAndThin SolidObject that is wound into a Coil shape, approximately aligned in a plane around a center of rotation - like the coiled spring of a wind-up device like a watch. corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'coil' in WordNet: 1. (1) coil, spiral, volute, whorl, helix - (a structure consisting of something wound in a continuous series of loops; 'a coil of rope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coil, :LongAndThinThing, :SolidObject, :TwistedObject . :CoiledSpring :ldoce "spring" ; :wnsense "spring3n" ; :wordnet "spring" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Spring-Device that is wound into a Coil shape - it does not have to be fully wound, just in a Coil shape and serving the function of a spring (to provide motive force). This is the coil as in the spring of a watch, *not* a helical spring as used in a bedspring. @ToDo: represent the stored energy? Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'spring' in WordNet: 3. (31) spring - (a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed; 'the spring was broken') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoiledObject, :EnergySource, :Spring-Device . :CoiledWire :guid "bd590380-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoiledObject, :ElectricalWire, :ManufacturedGoods . :Coin :ldoce "coin" ; :wnsense "coin1n" ; :wordnet "coin" ; a :MalleableThingType, :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Coin is an item of currency valid as tender in some governmental jurisdiction. It is usually a small round disk, but can have other similar shapes (as with the British heptagonal Pound coin). If it is not at least somewhat disk-like, it is not a ''Coin'' of this type. 'Wooden nickels' are not instances. Corresponds to sense 1 (only sense) of 'coin' in WordNet: 1. (7) coin - (a metal piece (usually a disc) used as money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Certificate, :CurrencyObject, :MetalDisk, :SmallRigidSheet . :CoinCollecting :wnsense "coin collecting1n", "numismatics1n", "numismatology1n" ; :wordnet "coin collecting", "numismatics", "numismatology" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoinCollecting'' is the hobby of Collecting coins, to form a ''CoinCollection''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coin collecting' in Wordnet: 1. numismatics, numismatology, coin collecting, coin collection - (the collection and study of money (and coins in particular)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collecting-Hobby, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoinCollection ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CoinCollection :wnsense "coin collection1n" ; :wordnet "coin collection" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A Collection of Coins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coin collection' in WordNet: 1. coin collection - (a collection of coins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collection, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Coin ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :CoinCollector :wnsense "coin collector1n", "numismatist1n", "numismatologist1n" ; :wordnet "coin collector", "numismatist", "numismatologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoinCollector'' is a ''Collector'' who collects ''Coin''s as a hobby. @mod45 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'numismatist' in WordNet: 1. numismatist, numismatologist, coin collector - (a collector and student of money (and coins in particular)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collector, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoinCollecting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coin ; owl:onProperty :collects ] . :CoinMint :wnsense "mint5n" ; :wordnet "mint" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoinMint'' is a ''Factory'' where ''Coin''s are minted. If this is used for old-style hand operations, a ''ManufacturingFacility'' might be a better parent type, and might not be owned by the government, just people working under contract. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'mint' in WordNet: 5. mint - (a plant where money is coined by authority of the government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Factory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MintingaCoin ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coins ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :CoinSlot :wnsense "coin slot1n" ; :wordnet "coin slot" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoinSlot'' is a ''Slot'' inot which one inserts a ''Coin'' i otrederto operate the machine. This is for macines that require a coin to beinserted, not just machines into which one *may* insert a coin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coin slot' in WordNet: 1. coin slot - (a slot through which coins can be inserted into a slot machine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Slot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SlotMachine ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Coincidence :wnsense "coincidence1n", "happenstance1n" ; :wordnet "coincidence", "happenstance" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Coincidence'' is a ''Trend'' (a ''Pattern'' that is an ''OrderedGroup'' of Events) that appear as though they might be causally related, but in fact are a result only of chance, and the ordering coincidence is ''Adventitious'' (accidental, coincidental). This definition excludes events that appear to be causally related but are not related as one causing the other,but are related by being both caused by the same prior Event. That is not a chance 'Coincidence'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coincidence' in WordNet: 1. (6) coincidence, happenstance - (an event that might have been arranged although it was really accidental) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup, :OrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adventitious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Coinciding :wnsense "co-occurrence2v", "coincide1v", "coincide2v", "coincidence3n", "concur2v", "concurrence4n", "conjunction1n", "cooccur1v" ; :wordnet "co-occurrence", "coincide", "coincidence", "concur", "concurrence", "conjunction", "cooccur" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Coinciding'' is an ''Occurrence'' in which two or more separately identifiable real-World ''Occurrence''s happen (take place) at the same time. A ''Coinciding'' is the Event that happens within the time interval when both Events are ongoing, or within which both Events have occurred. The TimeInterval specified for the ''Coinciding'' can extend before and after the actual events occurred, and each Event with a part that that coincides within some time interval may extend before or after the period duting which its subevent actually 'coincides' with another event or part of another Event. NOTE verb sense 1 of 'coincide' seems to represent the coexistence of entities, with the subject snd semantic patient being the entities; that meaning is included in the parent ''Coexistence'' and that parent type can be used to represent the concept of two or more objects existing at the same time or in the same place. this type is for the coexistence of events. Corresponds to verb sense 2 and part of verb sense 1 of of 'coincide' in WordNet: 1. (9) coincide, co-occur, cooccur - (go with, fall together) 2. (5) concur, coincide - (happen simultaneously; 'The two events coincided') WN noun 'coincidence': 3. concurrence, coincidence, conjunction, co-occurrence - (the temporal property of two things happening at the same time; 'the interval determining the coincidence gate is adjustable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coexistence, :Occurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventGroup ] . :CoiningaWord :wnsense "coin1v" ; :wordnet "coin" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CoiningaWord'' is to create a new ''Word'' (including fixed phrases) that becomes widely used at least for a while among some commnity. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'coin' in WordNet: 1. (3) coin - (make up; 'coin phrases or words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Word ] . :Coins :en "coins" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Coins'' is a Group of ''Coin''s of indefinite number. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Coin ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Coke :CYC "CokeFuel" ; :guid "c10a2ba8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :Coal ; :wnsense "coke1n" ; :wordnet "coke" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Used in refining ores. CYC 'CokeFuel': the carbon-rich residue of bituminous coal after volatile components have been distilled out. Typically (always?) a solid. #$CokeFuel is commonly used in steel-making and as a fuel. Wiktionary: Solid residue from roasting coal in a coke oven; used principally as a fuel and in the production of steel and formerly as a domestic fuel. WN 'distilling'?? actually produced by heating coal - the distillates are other products. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coke' in WordNet: 1. coke - (carbon fuel produced by distillation of coal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :FossilFuel, :Fuel, :OrganicSubstance . :Colander :guid "beee4e0b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "colander1n", "cullender1n" ; :wordnet "colander", "cullender" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colander' in WordNet: 1. colander, cullender - (bowl-shaped strainer; used to wash or drain foods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice, :Strainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bowl-Generic ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Cold :ldoce "cold" ; :wnsense "cold1adj" ; :wordnet "cold" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cold is a QualitativeAttributeValue for objects, indicating that the temperature of the object is significantly below a person's body temperature, including things that are Frozen or below freezing temperature (0 deg C). For air,'cold' starts at about 60 deg F. For solid objects, a temperature of below 10 deg C would likely be considered 'cold'. A good refrigerator would keep objects below 5 deg C (Cold, but not freezing). Objects at temperatures below 0 deg. C have the subtype attribute ''IcyCold'' or one of its subtypes. Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'cold' in WordNet, however this is not intended to represent a feeling of being cold, it is only a temperature measure. For the feeling, use ''FeelingCold''. in WordNet: 1. (40) cold - (used of physical coldness; having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration; 'a cold climate'; 'a cold room'; 'dinner has gotten cold'; 'cold fingers'; 'if you are cold, turn up the heat'; 'a cold beer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Cold-Illness :ldoce "cold" ; :wnsense "cold1n", "common cold1n" ; :wordnet "cold", "common cold" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Cold-Illness' is an AilmentCondition caused by any of many viruses (such as rhinoviruses,the most common, and adenoviruses, coronaviruses, orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses) that affect the respiratory tract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cold' in WordNet: 1. (5) cold, common cold - (a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); 'will they never find a cure for the common cold?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ViralInfection . :ColdBloodedVertebrate a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Vertebrates whose body temperature is not internally regulated. (from SUMO) (disjointDecomposition ColdBloodedVertebrate Amphibian Fish Reptile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Poikilotherm, :Vertebrate . :ColdCereal :wnsense "cold cereal1n", "dry cereal1n" ; :wordnet "cold cereal", "dry cereal" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cold cereal' in WordNet: 1. cold cereal, dry cereal - (a cereal that is not heated before serving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealFood . :ColdHearted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Sympathy ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :Sympathy ; :wnsense "coldhearted1adj", "hardhearted1adj", "stonyhearted1adj", "unfeeling1adj" ; :wordnet "coldhearted", "hardhearted", "stonyhearted", "unfeeling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """More intense indifference to others than ''Callous'; Completely lacking in Sympathy. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coldhearted' in Wordnet: 1. coldhearted - (lacking in sympathy or feeling) WN adj 'hardhearted': 1. hardhearted, stonyhearted, unfeeling - (devoid of feeling for others; 'an unfeeling wretch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Callous . :ColdSeason :guid "c0f71116-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SeasonOfYear. Each instance of #$ColdSeason is the cooler part of an annual climate cycle for a region (see #$AnnualClimateCycle). If a place has a Winter (see #$WinterSeason), the cold season generally includes the Winter. Note that #$WinterSeason is _not_ a specialization of #$CalendarSeason (q.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeasonOfYear . :Colic :guid "c0fe8b6f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "colic1n", "gripes1n", "griping1n", "intestinal colic1n" ; :wordnet "colic", "gripes", "griping", "intestinal colic" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colic' in WordNet: 1. colic, intestinal colic, gripes, griping - (acute abdominal pain (especially in infants)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :PainOrAche . :Collaborative :en "working together" ; :eng "collaborating", "cooperating" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :CollaborativeProject, :WorkingTogether ; :wnsense "collaborative1adj" ; :wordnet "collaborative" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Collaborative'' is a property of a GroupOfPeople who are 'cooperating' (Performing a ''CooperationEvent'') to achieve a common Goal. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'collaborative' in Wordnet: 1. collaborative - (accomplished by collaboration; 'collaborative research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Active, :Alive . :CollaborativeProject :en "collaborative project" ; :enn "collaborative project" ; :guid "bd58aa32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: An Action consisting of a series of individual actions, extending over more than an hour of time, undertaken by a GroupOfPeople coordinating their activities. This is very general and includes one-day 'projects' such as a barn-raising. Somewhat more restricted than the parent type ''WorkingTogether'', being somewhat more structured and having a goal with defined end point. Cyc: An organized endeavor with a set goal""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Project, :SocialOccurrence, :WorkingTogether, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Collaborative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkForce ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :CollaborativeResearchProject a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CollaborativeProject'' that is also a ''ResearchProject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollaborativeProject, :ResearchProject . :Collage :wnsense "collage1n", "montage1n" ; :wordnet "collage", "montage" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject containing a two-dimensional image that was created by a process of putting together smaller flat objects, to produce a whole object whose pieces either have some relation to each other, or, as in an art object, can form an image whose color and location together form a larger image not necessarily related to the individual pieces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collage' in WordNet: 1. (17) collage, montage - (a paste-up made by sticking together pieces of paper or photographs to form an artistic image; 'he used his computer to make a collage of pictures superimposed on a map') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FineArtObject, :Paste-Up, :PhysicalImage, :StillImage, :TwoDimensionalArtObject, :WholeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfSomeStuff ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Collapsible :guid "4c25f9b4-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Collapsing-Folding ; :wnsense "collapsible1adj" ; :wordnet "collapsible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things that can be folded into a more compact space without disassembly, by moving separate distinct component parts relative to each other. This would not apply to a SheetOfSomeStuff (use parent ''Foldable''). This can be of any size but usually applies to things that can be held in one or two hands. (??Is the dome of a modern stadium Collapsible???) CYC: The collection of instances of #$PhysicalObject that are collapsible. A collapsible object is one which is rigid but whose parts have been designed in such a way as to be 'folded' into a more compact shape. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'collapsible' in WordNet: 1. (1) collapsible, collapsable - (capable of collapsing or being collapsed; 'a collapsible boat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bendable, :Foldable . :CollapsibleArtifact :en "collapsible object", "foldable object" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CollapsibleArtifact'' is an ''#ArtifactObject'' that contains at least two parts that can be moved relativeto eachother so as to perform a ''Collapsing-Folding'' Action to make the ''CollapsibleArtifact'' more compact,e.g. easier to carry or store. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ComplexPhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObject :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Collapsible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Collapsing :en "caving in", "collapsing" ; :guid "d8483f64-1e6c-41d7-9a91-9f925d18f272" ; :wnsense "cave in1n", "cave in1v", "collapse1v", "collapse2n", "crumble1v", "fall in1v" ; :wordnet "cave in", "collapse", "crumble", "fall in" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Collapsing'' is a FallingEvent in which a supported part (roof, wall) of some object, especially one having a cavity (a structure or a natural cavity) loses its structural integrity or support and falls under gravity or due to external pressure inward or to a lower level. This includes all degrees of collapse, from small to enormous, and includes collapsing under gravity of structures such as retaining walls whose breaking is due in part to horizontal forces of the material retained behind it, and includes the subtype 'imploding' due to pressure differences between the outside and inside of a container. This does not include avalanches that are the downward motion of natural materials (soil, snow) that were supported by other natural materials, whether vertical or sloped. This is a physical Event and does not include the metaphorical sense. For 'collapsing' an object by folding it to make it smaller, use ''Collapsing-Folding'' NOTE the CYC:'Collapsing-Generic' includes physical and metaphorical collapse, broader than this type: A specialization of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent and #$PhysicalEvent. In events of this sort, an entity collapses either because of a loss of structural integrity or, in the case of agents, self-control. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 4 and noun sense 2 of 'collapse' and noun sense 1 of 'cave in' in WordNet: 1. (8) collapse, fall in, cave in, give, give way, break, founder - (break down, literally or metaphorically; 'The wall collapsed'; 'The business collapsed'; 'The dam broke'; 'The roof collapsed'; 'The wall gave in'; 'The roof finally gave under the weight of the ice') 4. crumble, crumple, tumble, break down, collapse - (fall apart; 'the building crumbled after the explosion'; 'Negotiations broke down') WN noun 'collapse': 2. (2) collapse - (a mishap caused by something suddenly falling down or caving in) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FallingEvent . :Collapsing-Folding :en "fold", "fold up" ; :wnsense "collapse3v" ; :wordnet "collapse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which something that has one of more articulated joints, or some telescoping parts, is made smaller by moving the parts to reduce the volume of the object,i.e. reduce the volume of its 'convex hull'. For physical collapse under gravity use ''Collapsing''. This differs from 'folding' in that it applies to artifacts that are designed to be expandable or reducible in size. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'collapse' in WordNet: 3. collapse - (fold or close up; 'fold up your umbrella'; 'collapse the music stand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingSomethingMoreCompact . :Collar :wnsense "collar1n", "neckband2n" ; :wordnet "collar", "neckband" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collar' in WordNet: 1. (5) collar, neckband - (a band that fits around the neck and is usually folded over) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandShapedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neck ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :CollarOfGarment :guid "bd58e79c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "collar" ; :wnsense "collar1n" ; :wordnet "collar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The collection of the part of the garment that goes around the neck. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'collar' in WordNet: 1. (5) collar, neckband - (a band that fits around the neck and is usually folded over) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SomethingToWearPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Garment ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Colleague :wnsense "co-worker1n", "colleague1n", "fellow worker1n" ; :wordnet "co-worker", "colleague", "fellow worker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Colleague'' is a Person who works together with another person, not as a formal ''Partner'' but either in the same profesion or in the same Organization, both of whom are aquainted with and in communiction with each other. This is a reciprocal (symmetrical) relation. ''Colleague''s are not necessarily friends. For those working together in person contact use ''CoWorker''. To instantiate the Role ''Colleague'' requires specifying at least one Person who is a ''Colleague'' of the subject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colleague' in WordNet: 1. (7) colleague, co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow - (an associate you work with) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Associate, :ReciprocalRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaColleagueOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Colleagues :en "colleagues", "group of colleagues" ; :enn "colleagues", "group of colleagues" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Colleagues'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a ''Coleague'' of each other, who work together in a friendly ''Collegial'' manner. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Colleague ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Collectible :guid "be77c49c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "collectable1n", "collectible1n" ; :wordnet "collectable", "collectible" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''Collectible' is a ''Curio'' that is prized and collected by a sufficient number of people ('collectors') that it has some monetary value to people other than its owner, and who may be willng to buy it. The sale value can be rather small. Common examples are coins, stamps, antiques, baseball cards, art works, rare books, objects asociated with history or celebrities. COSMO note: Many individual things categorized by the Cyc 'Collectible' are not in fact collected. This notion might be better as a metatype to classify type, but for now (v0.50) it is left as in Cyc. Cyc: The collection of all things that are typically collected as a hobby. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collectable' in Wordnet: 1. collectible, collectable - (things considered to be worth collecting (not necessarily valuable or antique)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curio, :ObjectWithAttribute, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Collection ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Collecting :en "accumulating", "aggregating", "gathering", "piling up" ; :guid "bd58dc1e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "collect", "gather" ; :wnsense "accumulate1v", "amass2v", "assembling1n", "collect3v", "collect4v", "collecting1n", "collection4n", "compile1v", "garner3v", "gather1v", "hoard2v", "pile up3v", "pull together1v" ; :wordnet "accumulate", "amass", "assembling", "collect", "collecting", "collection", "compile", "garner", "gather", "hoard", "pile up", "pull together" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The *intentional* act of creating an aggregate of things by bringing individual things (concrete or abstract) together. Creating a list would be a subtype. The Group created may be abstract or physical. This is the transitive sense; things 'accumulating' as an unintended consequence of some Events are not included in this, and are represented by ''ComingTogether''. COSMO note: This is an Action, and requires that the things that are collected are caused to come into proximity by the action of some agent. For Events in which some group of things come together without being brought together by some 'IntentionalAgent', use 'ComingTogether'. The difference between this and a ''BuildingUpAnAccumulation'' is that this type is for intentional Actions of an ''IntentionalAgent'' that creates some number or quantity of something by an incremental process - called a ''Collection''. Whereas ''BuildingUpAnAccumulation'' can be the action of some natural force or process. A specialization of #$TransferIn. Each instance of #$Collecting is an event in which tangible or intangible objects are collected together at a single place . The objects might come from various sources, and might be gathered via some collection network. Notable specializations of this collection include #$GroupingObjects and #$CollectingInformation. NOTE also that the restrictions require that every 'Collecting' include actions of inclusion and exclusion (no 'collecting' collects everything) but that the relation is on types, and is is not necessary to specify the things excluded. At least some of the things included need to be specified to describe the resultinbg 'Group'. This corresponds approximately to senses 3 and 4 of 'collect' in WordNet; it is used for both physical and abstract objects, such as information. For the act of collecting physical objects, use the more specific 'Gathering'. in WordNet: 3. (12) gather, garner, collect, pull together - (assemble or get together; 'gather some stones'; 'pull your thoughts together') 4. (8) collect, pull in - (get or bring together; 'accumulate evidence') together; 'gather some stones'; 'pull your thoughts together') WN noun 'collection': 4. (1) collection, collecting, assembling, aggregation - (the act of gathering something together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, :PurposefulAction, :TransferIn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Collection ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelectingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExceptingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Collecting-Hobby :en "collecting" ; :guid "bd58b95d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Collecting objects for pleasure, to form collections. There is no sense in WordNet. Stamp collecting, coin collecting, art collecting, or generally collecting any ''Collectible''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collecting, :Hobby, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CollectionType :Collection ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Collector ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :CollectingMoney :wnsense "collect2v", "take in5v" ; :wordnet "collect", "take in" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE the WN gloss suggests that this is for collecting money due, but this type includes collecting donations for some purpose (such as collections (with a 'collection plate') at a church service, or collecting tolls, or fundraising). No WN sense of 'collection'covers this concept. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'collect' in WordNet: 2. (15) collect, take in - (call for and obtain payment of; 'we collected over a million dollars in outstanding debts'; 'he collected the rent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingPossessionOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MoneyObject :MoneyType ) ] ] . :Collection :en "collection of objects", "object collection" ; :enn "collection of objects", "object collection" ; :wnsense "accumulation2n", "aggregation1n", "assemblage4n", "collection1n" ; :wordnet "accumulation", "aggregation", "assemblage", "collection" ; a :CollectionType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Collection''' is an ''ObjectGroup'' produced by an intention Action of ''Collecting''. This is a GroupOfObjects that some Person has gathered together, often as a hobby, but also for research or for display in a Museum (See Subtype ''Exposition''). They will typically be located together in one room or building or for large collections, some complex of buildings (e.g. the National ). In this sense the Collection consists only of the Objects themselves, and does not include any containers or other accessories. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'accumulation' in WordNet: 2. (1) collection, aggregation, accumulation, assemblage - (several things grouped together or considered as a whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accumulation, :ObjectGroup, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Collecting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :CollectionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CollectionType'' is a type metaclass for a Group of PhysicalObjects that have been collected together, for study or as a hobby.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType . :Collective :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfPeople, :WorkingTogether ; :wnsense "collective1adj", "collective2adj" ; :wordnet "collective" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute pertaining to things - goals, traits, accomplishments, and others - that result from some form of interaction within a group of people, such as ''WorkingtTogether'' (collective efforts, collective accomplishments). Things that are due to people 'as a group'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'collective' in WordNet: 1. (7) corporate, collective - (done by or characteristic of individuals acting together; 'a joint identity'; 'the collective mind'; 'the corporate good') 2. collective - (forming a whole or aggregate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :CollectiveAgent :CYC "MultiIndividualAgent" ; :en "multi-individual agent" ; :enn "multi-individual agent" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CollectiveAgent is a human group or organization, acting as a unit or having some other agent acting in its behalf. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 (termed 'MultiIndividualAgent' in Cyc) The collection of all #$Agent-Generics that each consist of other #$Agent-Generics operating together. Usually the constituent agents form some kind of #$Group that itself acts as an #$Agent-Generic. Examples: a #$LegalCorporation, a #$GeographicalAgent, a #$Neighborhood or an #$Industry-Localized. Although it would be a positive exemplar of (#$GroupFn #$Agent), the 'group of people whose first names all start with the letter 'B'' is a negative exemplar of #$MultiIndividualAgent. In almost all contexts, such a group will not act as an #$Agent in any way. It is less cohesive than some of the least cohesive kinds of #$MultiIndividualAgents such as #$CrowdOfPeople.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentGroup, :GenericAgent, :agentive-social-object . :CollectiveGoal a :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CollectiveGoal is a Goal that is held by some ''AgentGroup'' (usually a ''GroupOfPeople'', but possibly by another group of Agents that have some means of communication - even a Wolf Pack). That ''Goal'' to be achieved by the ''AgentGroup'' acting together as a unit. One example of this is the kind of goal that is debated as public policy for governments to pursue, but includes goals of non-government groups as well as organizations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentGroup :AgentType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isaGoalOf ] . :CollectiveNounType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CollectiveNounType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for classes that are labeled as collective nouns in English, such as 'lumber'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Collector :wnsense "collector1n" ; :wordnet "collector" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Collector''is a ''Person'' (of any type) who collects items (of any kind, artifactual or natural) as a hobby, i.e performs the activity of ''Collecting-Hobby''. The restriction requires that the type of thingcollected be specified. . @mod45 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collector' in WordNet: 1. (9) collector, aggregator - (a person who collects things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Collecting-Hobby ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :collects ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :College :guid "c141f1d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "college" ; :wnsense "college2n" ; :wordnet "college" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances are educational institutions providing undergraduate education. For colleges that are #$subOrganizations of universities use #$CollegeInUniversity-DegreeGranting. A ''GraduateSchool'' is specifically the achool for 'post-graduate studies', after receivinga degree from a College. SUMO: A School which admits students who have graduated from high school and which confers a bachelor's degree, normally requiring four years of study. Note that a College does not confer any graduate degrees. For institutions that confer both bachelor's and graduate degrees, the concept University should be used. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'college' in WordNet: NOTE sense 1 is the faculty and students (!!) 2. college - (an institution of higher education created to educate and grant degrees; often a part of a university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollegeOrGraduateSchool, :FourYearSchool . :CollegeCampus a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Campus of a College or University. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Campus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution ] . :CollegeChancellor :wnsense "chancellor2n" ; :wordnet "chancellor" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CollegeChancellor'' is the ''SchoolHead'' of some University. RHW: 2. the chief administrative officer in certain American universities. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'chancellor' in WordNet: 2. chancellor - (the honorary or titular head of a university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolHead, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :University ] . :CollegeFacultyMember :wnsense "academic1n", "academician3n", "faculty member1n" ; :wordnet "academic", "academician", "faculty member" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CollegeFacultyMember' is a Teacher employed (perhaps non-salaried?) by some 'College'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'faculty member' in WordNet: 1. academician, academic, faculty member - (an educator who works at a college or university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacultyMember, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :College ] . :CollegeGraduate :en "college graduate" ; :enn "college graduate" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CollegeGraduate' is Person who has graduated from a College and therefore has a ''BachelorsDegree''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Graduate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BachelorsDegree ; owl:onProperty :possesses ] . :CollegeInUniversity-DegreeGranting :guid "beeac0a9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Collection of colleges that are separate and named parts of universities. Some colleges offer professional degrees and some offer both undergraduate and graduate degrees. St.Jerome's College at the #$UniversityOfWaterloo is an example of such a college.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :College, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :University ] . :CollegeInUniversity-NonDegreeGranting :guid "c154fb0e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Collection of colleges that are named parts of universities which serve various academic, social, and administrative functions but which do not grant degrees. Trinity College at Cambridge University is an example of such a college.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HigherEducationInstitution . :CollegeOrGraduateSchool a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CollegeOrGraduateSchool'' is simply the union of ''College'' and ''GraduateSchool'' created to make some relations easier to express. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution . :CollegeStudent :wnsense "college student1n", "university student1n" ; :wordnet "college student", "university student" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Student is a Person who *currently* has a formal agreement or is registered to study some topic(s) at some College. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'college student' in WordNet: 1. (2) college student, university student - (a student enrolled in a college or university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collegian, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CollegeOrGraduateSchool ; owl:onProperty :isStudyingAt ] . :Collegial :pertainsTo :Colleague, :Colleagues ; :wnsense "collegial1adj" ; :wordnet "collegial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'collegial' in Wordnet: 1. collegial - (characterized by or having authority vested equally among colleagues; 'collegial harmony'; 'a tendency to turn from collegial to one-man management'- Merle Fainsod) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Collegian :wnsense "college boy1n", "college man1n", "collegian1n" ; :wordnet "college boy", "college man", "collegian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Collegian'' is a Person who is surrently attended or has gradated from some College or universty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collegian' in WordNet: 1. (1) collegian, college man, college boy - (a student (or former student) at a college or university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Student . :Collegiate :pertainsTo :College, :CollegeCampus, :CollegeStudent ; :wnsense "collegial2adj", "collegiate1adj" ; :wordnet "collegial", "collegiate" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'collegiate' in WordNet: 1. (1) collegiate, collegial - (of or resembling or typical of a college or college students; 'collegiate living'; 'collegiate attitudes'; 'collegiate clothes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Colliding :en "colliding" ; :guid "bd58fe90-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "strike" ; :wnsense "clash1v", "collide with1v", "collide1v", "collision1n", "impact1n", "impinge on1v", "run into3v", "strike1v" ; :wordnet "clash", "collide", "collide with", "collision", "impact", "impinge on", "run into", "strike" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """cosmo NOTE: It is unclear why Cyc categorizes a 'Colliding' as a 'continuous' contact situation - the contact is often very brief, in a collision. Some collisions lead to a subsequent continuous contact, but that can be a subtype of this type, which in COSMO is a subtype of 'PhysicalContactEvent' - not necessarily continuous. NOTE also that in COSMO 'Colliding' has a subtype 'StrikingAnObjectEvent' in which in which the striking object can be differentiated from the struck object. 'Colliding' is used for elastic collisions where neither participating object sustains damage or is propelled by the other. Thus a comet impact would be a 'StrikingAnObjectEvent'. Cyc: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation and #$Translation-LocationChange. Each instance of #$Colliding is an event in which two or more #$PartiallyTangibles bump into each other. Each instance of #$Colliding is immediately preceded by an #$Approaching, during which at least one of the #$objectsInContact during the #$Colliding is moving toward the location at which the collision takes place. (Some of the objects in contact during the colliding may already be occupying that location immediately before contact.) The #$Colliding begins once the objects begin to be in contact, and ends once they are no longer in contact (think of two billiard balls bouncing off each other), or when the objects have come to rest in a stable contact position (think of an asteroid smashing into the earth and coming to rest at the bottom of the crater it has created). NOTE that this is a parent type of 'StrikingAnObjectEvent' whereas in WordNet 'collide' is a subtype of 'strike'; it seems that either word could be used for either this type or for 'Colliding'. This type and 'StrikingAnObjectEvent' are not clearly distinguished linguistically, except that 'hit' is usually used in collision sense when 'StrikingAnObjectEvent' is intended; logically there is a subtype/parent type relation. Corresponds to parts of noun senses 1 of 'collide' and sense 1 of 'strike' and noun sense 1 of 'impact' and noun sense 1 of 'collision' in WordNet: WN 'collide': 1. (3) collide, clash - (crash together with violent impact; 'The cars collided'; 'Two meteors clashed') WN: strike': 1. (21) hit, strike, impinge on, run into, collide with - (hit against; come into sudden contact with; 'The car hit a tree'; 'He struck the table with his elbow') WN noun 'impact': 1. (11) impact - (the striking of one body against another) WN noun 'collisin': 1. (16) collision, hit - ((physics) an brief event in which two or more bodies come together; 'the collision of the particles resulted in an exchange of energy and a change of direction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalContactMakingEvent, :Translation-LocationChange . :Collie :guid "bd58d003-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "collie1n" ; :wordnet "collie" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collie' in WordNet: 1. collie - (a silky-coated sheepdog with a long ruff and long narrow head developed in Scotland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheepDog . :Colloid :guid "c01c97f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "colloid1n" ; :wordnet "colloid" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of mixtures consisting of a medium and a substance dispersed in the medium in particles too fine to be seen with an ordinary light microscope but large enough to be unable to pass through a semipermeable membrane. This second property distinguishes #$Colloids from true #$Solutions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colloid' in WordNet: 1. (28) colloid - (a mixture with properties between those of a solution and fine suspension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suspension . :Colluding :wnsense "collude1v", "conspire2v" ; :wordnet "collude", "conspire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Colluding'' is the Action of a group of ''Conspirators'' (a ''ConspiracyGroup'') to perform the action agreed to in a ''ConspiracyAgreement''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'collude' in WordNet: 1. conspire, collude - (act in unison or agreement and in secret towards a deceitful or illegal purpose; 'The two companies conspired to cause the value of the stock to fall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConspiracyAgreement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConspiracyGroup ] . :Cologne :wnsense "cologne water1n", "cologne2n", "eau de cologne1n" ; :wordnet "cologne", "cologne water", "eau de cologne" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cologne' in WordNet: 2. cologne, cologne water, eau de cologne - (a perfumed liquid made of essential oils and alcohol) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perfume, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fragrant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fragrance ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Colombia :wnsense "Colombia1n", "Republic of Colombia1n" ; :wordnet "Colombia", "Republic of Colombia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Colombia' in WordNet: 1. Colombia, Republic of Colombia - (a republic in northwestern South America with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simon Bolivar; Spanish is the official language) """ . :Colombian :pertainsTo :Colombia, :ColombianPerson ; :wnsense "Colombian1adj" ; :wordnet "Colombian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Columbian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Columbia'' or a ''ColumbianPerson''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Colombian' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Colombian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Colombia or its people; 'Colombian drug dealers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ColombianPerson :wnsense "Colombian1n" ; :wordnet "Colombian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Colombian' in WordNet: 1. Colombian - (a native or inhabitant of Colombia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colombia ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Colon :wnsense "colon5n" ; :wordnet "colon" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Colon' is a 'PunctuationMark' (':') that is used as a separator of elements or signals a break in a sentence, used for various purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'colon' in WordNet: 5. colon - (a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark . :Colon-BodyPart :guid "be02c433-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "colon1n" ; :wordnet "colon" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all colons, the major parts of large intestines in certain animals and in human beings. A member of #$Colon-BodyPart is the portion of a #$LargeIntestine which extends from the #$Cecum to the #$Rectum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colon' in WordNet: 1. (2) colon - (the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :Intestine . :ColonCancer :guid "be77adff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "colon cancer1n" ; :wordnet "colon cancer" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colon cancer' in WordNet: 1. colon cancer - (a malignant tumor of the colon; early symptom is bloody stools) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cancer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colon-BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingBloodyStools ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malignant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Colonel :guid "91065944-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "colonel1n" ; :wordnet "colonel" ; a :PersonType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommissionedOfficer'' with Rank intermediate between #$LieutenantColonel-Rank and #$BrigadierGeneral-Rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S. Army, a Colonel may be in command of several instances of #$Battalion-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colonel' in WordNet: 1. (33) colonel - (a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommissionedOfficer . :Colonial :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Colony :ColonyArea :ColonyRegion ) ] ; :wnsense "colonial1adj" ; :wordnet "colonial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Colonial'' is an AttributeValue of a ''Colony'' or of the area or region in which that Colony is located. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'colonial' in WordNet: 1. (5) colonial - (of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ColonialPower :en "colonial power" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ColonialPower'' is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' that controls some ''Colony'' - a term usually applied to countries that control more than one colony, but this is the most general case.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom :Colony ] . :Colonialism :wnsense "colonialism1n" ; :wordnet "colonialism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Colonialism'' is a ''ExploitingaPerson'' where the thing exploited is some society that had occupied a ''GeographicalArea'', and lost control to the military force of the colonial power. This type represents each specific instance of maintaining a ''Colony'' as well as the collective similar actions of colonizers generally. NOTE that this is the actual rule of one people by a foreign nation, not the policy. This would be similar to ''Imperialism'' but has some distinctions. RHW: 1. the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people NOTE: does this require Military occupation? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colonialism' in WordNet: 1. colonialism - (exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one; the use of the weaker country's resources to strengthen and enrich the stronger country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAnAgent, :ExploitingaPerson, :ForeignControl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeopoliticalEntity ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colonization ; owl:onProperty :alwaysFollows ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :ColonyArea ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MilitaryEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonType :Society :GroupType :PersonType ) ] ] . :Colonist :wnsense "colonist1n" ; :wordnet "colonist" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'settler' in WordNet: 1. (10) settler, colonist - (a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Settler, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colony ; owl:onProperty :residesIn ] . :Colonization :guid "c04f18a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "colonisation1n", "colonization1n", "settlement4n" ; :wordnet "colonisation", "colonization", "settlement" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Colonization'' is an ''InitialEvent'' that forms a ''Colony''. This is not necessarily a 'settlement', in the sense of forming a small town, as it could be the assertion of sovereignty over an existing settlement, as by military occupation. CYC: A specialization of #$TakingSomething. Each instance of #$Colonization is an event in which a large number of people affiliated with a certain society move their places of residence to an area previously uninhabited by people affilated with that society. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colonization' in WordNet: 1. colonization, colonisation, settlement - (the act of colonizing; the establishment of colonies; 'the British colonization of America') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :StartingAnAction, :TakingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ; owl:someValuesFrom :Colony ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :OccupyingaPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeopoliticalEntity ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colonialism ; owl:onProperty :initiatesState ] . :Colonized :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Colonization ; :wnsense "colonised1adj", "colonized1adj" ; :wordnet "colonised", "colonized" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Colonized'' is the defining AttributeValue of a ''Colony''. This only means controlled, it does not require that the colonizers are the dominant population. 'settled' should be used for places where a 'settlement' was established - not yet (r1639) represented, but that would relate to an ''EarlySettlement''.. Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'colonized' ('settled' is represented by ''Populated'') in Wordnet: 1. colonized, colonised, settled - (inhabited by colonists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Controlled . :Colony :wnsense "colony4n", "dependency3n" ; :wordnet "colony", "dependency" ; a :AgentType, :CountryType, :LocationType, :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Colony'' is a GeopoliticalEntity that is a dependency of some Country, i.e. it has a government, but does not have an *independent* government and is at least partially governed by laws created elsewhere. A ''GeopoliticalEntity'' is an ''Organization''. It cannot be a PhysicalObject NOTE that a ''Colony'' is not the land area nor the government, but a composite entity: It is a MentalObject which is not a PhysicalObject. A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO is a composite Entity which (1) is an agent (2) claims control over some land area of the earth (3) has a government, which is also an agent. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'colony' (but is more specific as to rgion and physical makeup) in WordNet: 4. colony, dependency - (a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory ; owl:someValuesFrom :ColonyRegion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :ColonyRegion ] . :ColonyArea :wnsense "colony4n" ; :wordnet "colony" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ColonyArea' is a ''GeographicalArea'' (a PhysicalObject) whose boundaries are the same as those of the corresponding 'ColonyRegion''. This is the sum of PhysicalObjects in the area governed by a ''Colony'' (a ''GeopoliticalEntity''). Corresponds most closely to noun sense 4 of 'colony' (but is more specific as to rgion and physical makeup) in WordNet: 4. colony, dependency - (a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlledLand, :GeographicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :ColonyRegion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Colony ] . :ColonyRegion :wnsense "colony4n" ; :wordnet "colony" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ColonyArea' is a ''GeographicalArea'' whose boundaries are the same as those of the corresponding 'ColonyRegion''. This is the sum of Physicalbjects in the area governed by a ''Colony''. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 4 of 'colony' (but is more specific as to rgion and physical makeup) in WordNet: 4. colony, dependency - (a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ColonyArea ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Colony ] . :Color :ldoce "color" ; :takesValue :ColorAttribute ; :wnsense "color1n" ; :wordnet "color" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Attributes relating to the color of Objects. 'Color' is an AttributeType, and the actual values of 'Color' are instances of 'ColorAttributeType', which are subtypes of ColorAttribute. Subtypes of WordNet Sense 1 of 'color' not yet represented in COSMO (can be added as needed). Many other colors have been defined in various places, and can be added as subtypes when needed.: {04900721} color, colour, coloring, colouring -- (a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect; \"a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light\") => {04901285} heather mixture, heather -- (interwoven yarns of mixed colors producing muted greyish shades with flecks of color) => {04902004} mottle -- (an irregular arrangement of patches of color; \"it was not dull grey as distance had suggested, but a mottle of khaki and black and olive-green\") => {04902369} shade, tint, tincture, tone -- (a quality of a given color that differs slightly from a primary color; \"after several trials he mixed the shade of pink that she wanted\") => {04901441} mellowness -- (a soft shade of a color; \"a mellowness of light and shade not attainable in marble\") => {04901599} richness -- (a strong deep vividness of hue; \"the fire-light gave a richness of coloring to that side of the room\") => {04902708} undertone, tinge -- (a pale or subdued color) => {04902813} chromatic color, chromatic colour, spectral color, spectral colour -- (a color that has hue) => {04905871} red, redness -- (red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood) => {04906180} sanguine -- (a blood-red color) => {04906270} chrome red -- (a red pigment used in paints; basic lead chromate) => {04906376} Turkey red, alizarine red -- (a bright orange-red color produced in cotton cloth with alizarine dye) => {04906518} cardinal, carmine -- (a variable color averaging a vivid red) => {04906639} crimson, ruby, deep red -- (a deep and vivid red color) => {04906773} dark red -- (a red color that reflects little light) => {04906938} burgundy -- (a dark purplish-red to blackish-red color) => {04907034} claret -- (a dark purplish-red color) => {04907112} oxblood red -- (a dark brownish-red color) => {04907195} wine, wine-colored -- (a red as dark as red wine) => {04907304} purplish red -- (a red with a tinge of purple) => {04907534} fuchsia, magenta -- (a dark purple-red; the dye was discovered in 1859, the year of the battle of Magenta) => {04907682} maroon -- (a dark purplish-red to dark brownish-red color) => {04907427} cerise, cherry, cherry red -- (a red the color of ripe cherries) => {04907781} scarlet, vermilion, orange red -- (a variable color that is vivid red but sometimes with an orange tinge) => {04907947} orange, orangeness -- (orange color or pigment; any of a range of colors between red and yellow) => {04908121} reddish orange -- (an orange color closer to red than to yellow) => {04908244} tangerine -- (a reddish to vivid orange color) => {04908331} yellow, yellowness -- (yellow color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of sunflowers or ripe lemons) => {04908766} canary yellow, canary -- (a moderate yellow with a greenish tinge) => {04908874} amber, gold -- (a deep yellow color; \"an amber light illuminated the room\"; \"he admired the gold of her hair\") => {04909026} brownish yellow -- (a yellow color of low lightness with a brownish tinge) => {04909141} gamboge, lemon, lemon yellow, maize -- (a strong yellow color) => {04909247} old gold -- (a dark yellow) => {04909315} orange yellow, saffron -- (a shade of yellow tinged with orange) => {04909439} ocher, ochre -- (a moderate yellow-orange to orange color) => {04909539} pale yellow, straw -- (a yellow tint; yellow diluted with white) => {04909645} greenish yellow -- (a shade of yellow tinged with green) => {04908669} blond, blonde -- (a light grayish yellow to near white) => {04909742} green, greenness, viridity -- (green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass) => {04910094} greenishness -- (the property of being somewhat green) => {04910207} sea green -- (the property of a moderate green color resembling the waters of the sea) => {04910334} sage green -- (the color of sage leaves) => {04910415} bottle green -- (dark to moderate or greyish green) => {04910507} chrome green -- (a brilliant green color) => {04910589} emerald -- (the green color of an emerald) => {04910672} olive green, olive-green -- (a color that is lighter and greener than olive) => {04910790} yellow green, yellowish green, chartreuse, Paris green, pea green -- (a shade of green tinged with yellow) => {04910941} bluish green, blue green, teal -- (a blue-green color or pigment; \"they painted it a light shade of bluish green\") => {04911116} cyan -- (one of the primary pigments; has a blue-green color) => {04911218} jade green, jade -- (a light green color varying from bluish green to yellowish green) => {04911346} blue, blueness -- (blue color or pigment; resembling the color of the clear sky in the daytime; \"he had eyes of bright blue\") => {04911693} azure, cerulean, sapphire, lazuline, sky-blue -- (a light shade of blue) => {04911828} powder blue -- (a dusty pale blue color) => {04911909} steel blue -- (a greyish blue color) => {04911986} Prussian blue -- (a dark greenish-blue color) => {04912072} dark blue, navy, navy blue -- (a dark shade of blue) => {04912167} greenish blue, aqua, aquamarine, turquoise, cobalt blue, peacock blue -- (a shade of blue tinged with green) => {04912321} purplish blue, royal blue -- (a shade of blue tinged with purple) => {04916486} ultramarine -- (a vivid blue to purple-blue color) => {04912428} purple, purpleness -- (a purple color or pigment) => {04912803} mauve -- (a moderate purple) => {04912872} reddish purple, royal purple -- (a shade of purple tinged with red) => {04912645} Tyrian purple -- (a vivid purplish-red color) => {04912999} violet, reddish blue -- (a variable color that lies beyond blue in the spectrum) => {04912731} indigo -- (a blue-violet color) => {04913139} pink -- (a light shade of red) => {04913336} pinkness -- (the quality of being pink) => {04913416} carnation -- (a pink or reddish-pink color) => {04913500} rose, rosiness -- (a dusty pink color) => {04913634} old rose -- (a greyish-pink color) => {04913709} solferino, purplish pink -- (a pink dye that was discovered in 1859, the year a battle was fought at Solferino) => {04913862} yellowish pink, apricot, peach, salmon pink -- (a shade of pink tinged with yellow) => {04914007} coral -- (a variable color averaging a deep pink) => {04914097} brown, brownness -- (an orange of low brightness and saturation) => {04914383} Vandyke brown -- (a moderate brown color) => {04914465} chocolate, coffee, deep brown, umber, burnt umber -- (a medium brown to dark-brown color) => {04914599} light brown -- (a brown that is light but unsaturated) => {04914748} tan, topaz -- (a light brown the color of topaz) => {04914838} dun, greyish brown, grayish brown, fawn -- (a color or pigment varying around a light grey-brown color; \"she wore dun\") => {04915019} beige, ecru -- (a very light brown) => {04915096} reddish brown, sepia, burnt sienna, Venetian red -- (a shade of brown with a tinge of red) => {04915284} brick red -- (a bright reddish-brown color) => {04915368} copper, copper color -- (a reddish-brown color resembling the color of polished copper) => {04915515} Indian red -- (a reddish-brown color resembling the red soil used as body paint by American Indians) => {04915656} yellowish brown, raw sienna, buff, caramel, caramel brown -- (a medium to dark tan color) => {04916326} snuff-color, snuff-colour -- (dark yellowish brown) => {04915808} puce -- (a color varying from dark purplish brown to dark red) => {04915911} olive brown -- (a shade of brown tinged with green) => {04916419} taupe -- (a greyish brown) => {04916003} olive -- (a yellow-green color of low brightness and saturation) => {04916126} olive drab, drab -- (a dull greyish to yellowish or light olive brown) => {04916238} pastel -- (any of various pale or light colors) => {04917348} complementary color, complementary -- (either one of two chromatic colors that when mixed together give white (in the case of lights) or grey (in the case of pigments); \"yellow and blue are complementaries\") => {04903202} achromatic color, achromatic colour -- (a color lacking hue; white or grey or black) => {04903400} black, blackness, inkiness -- (the quality or state of the achromatic color of least lightness (bearing the least resemblance to white)) => {04903723} coal black, ebony, jet black, pitch black, sable, soot black -- (a very dark black) => {04903870} white, whiteness -- (the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black)) => {04904185} alabaster -- (a very light white) => {04904259} bleach -- (the whiteness that results from removing the color from something; \"a complete bleach usually requires several applications\") => {04904454} bone, ivory, pearl, off-white -- (a shade of white the color of bleached bones) => {04904595} chalk -- (a pure flat white with little reflectance) => {04904706} frostiness, hoariness -- (a silvery-white color) => {04904814} gray, grayness, grey, greyness -- (a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black) => {04905203} ash grey, ash gray, silver, silver grey, silver gray -- (a light shade of grey) => {04905381} charcoal, charcoal grey, charcoal gray, oxford grey, oxford gray -- (a very dark grey color) => {04905518} dapple-grey, dapple-gray, dappled-grey, dappled-gray -- (grey with a mottled pattern of darker grey markings) => {04905671} iron-grey, iron-gray -- (the color of freshly broken cast iron) => {04905776} tattletale grey, tattletale gray -- (a greyish white) => {14726344} iron blue, steel grey, steel gray, Davy's grey, Davy's gray -- (slightly purplish or bluish dark grey) => {04917597} coloration, colouration -- (appearance with regard to color; \"her healthy coloration\") => {04917797} hair coloring -- (coloring of the hair; \"her hair-coloring was unusual: a very pale gold\") => {04917928} pigmentation -- (coloration of living tissues by pigment) => {04918098} chromatism -- (abnormal pigmentation) => {04918176} melanoderma -- (abnormally dark skin caused by increased deposits of melatonin) => {04918296} depigmentation -- (absence or loss of pigmentation (or less than normal pigmentation) in the skin or hair) => {04918479} poliosis -- (loss of color from the hair) => {04920401} protective coloration -- (coloration making an organism less visible or attractive to predators) => {04920611} aposematic coloration, warning coloration -- (conspicuous coloration or markings of an animal serving to warn off predators; \"a skunk's aposematic coloration\") => {04920812} apatetic coloration -- (coloring serving as natural camouflage) => {04920916} cryptic coloration -- (coloring that conceals or disguises an animal's shape) => {04918561} complexion, skin color, skin colour -- (the coloring of a person's face) => {04918856} paleness, blondness, fairness -- (the property of having a naturally light complexion) => {04919021} ruddiness, rosiness -- (a healthy reddish complexion) => {04919170} lividness, lividity, luridness, paleness, pallidness, pallor, wanness, achromasia -- (unnatural lack of color in the skin (as from bruising or sickness or emotional distress)) => {04919555} sallowness -- (a sickly yellowish skin color) => {04919659} tawniness -- (the quality or state of being the color of tanned leather; \"the tawniness of his complexion\") => {04919825} darkness, duskiness, swarthiness -- (a swarthy complexion) => {04919980} whiteness -- (lightness or fairness of complexion; \"only the whiteness of her cheeks gave any indication of the stress from which she was suffering\") => {04920170} nonsolid color, nonsolid colour, dithered color, dithered colour -- (a color produced by a pattern of differently colored dots that together simulate the desired color) The WordNet 'color' sense 1 is ambiguous between the general type (this type) and the individual attributes: in WordNet: 1. (51) color, colour, coloring, colouring - (a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect; 'a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalAttribute, :PhysicalAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ColorAttributeType ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ] . :ColorAttribute :ldoce "color" ; :wnsense "color1n", "coloring2n", "colour6n", "colouring2n" ; :wordnet "color", "coloring", "colour", "colouring" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each class of a ColorAttribute forms a region with more specific classes of ColorAttribute forming subregions. The actual instances are the individual unique colors of specific objects, but those instances are not typically reified (they are similar to 'tropes' in some treatments), rather the subtype of 'ColorAttribute' representing the class of all similar colors is used as the value for 'hasColor'. (See 'AttributeValue for additional discussion of tropes). Each color has its own values of hue, saturation, and brightness (intensity). At this point (r863), the manner of mixing those facets of color to form a specific color is not represented in COSMO. The WordNet 'color' sense 1 is ambiguous between the general type (this type) and the individual attributes: in WordNet: 1. (51) color, colour, coloring, colouring - (a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect; 'a white color is made up of many different wavelengths of light') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ColorAttributeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each class of a ColorAttribute forms a region with more specific classes of ColorAttribute forming subregions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType . :ColorChange a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ColorChange' is a Change in the value of the ColorType for some particular PhysicalObject. NOTE that this is an overall color change - to represent adding a surface pattern to a surface, use 'AddingaSurfacePattern''. see also''CausingAnAttributeChange'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Color ; owl:onProperty :hadAttributeTypeChanged ] . :ColorNetworked :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Stripes ; :isTheOppositeOf :SolidColored ; a :ColorAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ColorNetworked'' is a subattribute of ''Patterned'', being an Attribute of a SheetOfSomeStuff or of a surface that has one dominant background color with any 'network' pattern of other colors, such as black or white, that are neither spots (dots) nor mostly unconnected ''Stripes''. The subtypes can specify the dominant background color. This set of lines can be part of a pattern that includes other types of objects such as dots. This type of coloration is seen on, among other things, butterflies such as the ''MonarchButterfly''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Patterned . :ColoradoBlackCanyon :en "Colorado Black Canyon" ; :enn "Colorado Black Canyon" ; a :Canyon ; rdfs:comment """ This instance represents the lower part of the Colorado River Canyon, below the Hoover Dam. """ . :ColoradoRiver :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :River . :ColoradoRiverOfArizona :guid "bd58c035-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; :wnsense "Colorado River2n", "Colorado3n" ; :wordnet "Colorado", "Colorado River" ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """the one with the Grand Canyon. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Colorado River' in WordNet: 2. Colorado, Colorado River - (an important river in the southwestern United States; rises in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado and flows southwest through Utah into Arizona (where it flows through the Grand Canyon) and then southward through the southern tip of Nevada, then forming the border between California and Arizona and finally into Mexico where it empties into the Gulf of California; the main source of water in the southwestern United States) """ . :Colored :isTheOppositeOf :Transparent ; :wnsense "colored1adj", "colorful3adj", "coloured1adj" ; :wordnet "colored", "colorful", "coloured" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue exhibited by an Object or Substance that is not white or transparent. For COSMO use, off-white, which may be caused by aging or grime accumulation, is not considered 'Colored'. Corresponds to adj sense 1 of 'colored' in WordNet: 1. (13) colored, coloured, colorful - (having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination; 'colored crepe paper'; 'the film was in color'; 'amber-colored heads of grain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :ColoredGlassObject :en "colored glass object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ColoredGlassObject'' is an Object (usually small) consisting of ''Glass'' that is not transparent and has some distinctive color. This can be as large as a colored glass vase (e.g. of 'depression glass') or a small piece used as one point in a ''Mosaic''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColoredThing, :HairOnHead-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glass ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :ColoredStoneObject :en "colored stone object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ColoredStoneObject'' is an Object (usually small) consisting of ''Stone'' that has some distinctive inherent color (is not painted). This is usually a small piece such as one that can be used as one point in a ''Mosaic''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColoredThing, :HairOnHead-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :ColoredThing :en "colored thing" ; :guid "15624a50-460a-11d8-8af2-0002b396fafa" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ObjectTypeBySensibleFeature and a specialization of #$VisibleThing. Each instance of #$ColoredThing is a #$SpatialThing-Localized which has some #$ChromaticColor (q.v.). An instance of #$ColoredThing need not be (chromatically) colored all over; it is sufficient that some part of it is (chromatically) colored. Thus, for example, while a completely clear window would not be an instance of #$ColoredThing, a window with a bright red pattern etched onto (part of) it would be. #$ColoredThing is disjoint with #$ColorlessThing (q.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colored ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ] . :Colorful :wnsense "colorful1adj", "colourful2adj" ; :wordnet "colorful", "colourful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Colorful'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that has a bright color or multiple bright colors. If it has multiple bright colors but is not striking (''Pretty''), it would be ''Multicolored''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'colorful' in WordNet: 1. (6) colorful, colourful - (having striking color; 'colorful autumn leaves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored, :Pretty . :ColorfullyInteresting :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Fascination ; :wnsense "colorful2adj", "colourful1adj" ; :wordnet "colorful", "colourful" ; a :AppearanceType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ColorfullyInteresting'' is an AttributeValue of something (Actions,People) that are interesting due to some unusual characteristics that are attractive or amusing or unusually varied. Similar to RHW sense 2 and 3 of 'colorful': 2. richly eventful or picturesque: a colorful historical period. 3. presenting or suggesting vivid or striking scenes: a colorful narrative. Correspond to adjective sense 2 of'colorful' in WordNet: 2. (3) colorful, colourful - (striking in variety and interest; 'a colorful period of history'; 'a colorful character'; 'colorful language') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diverse, :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Interesting, :Salient . :Coloring :wnsense "color in1v", "color1v", "colorize1v", "colour in1v", "colour5v", "colourise1v", "colourize1v" ; :wordnet "color", "color in", "colorize", "colour", "colour in", "colourise", "colourize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Coloring'' is an intentional ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' Event in which the Agetn is a Person and the attribute changed is a ''Color''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'color' in WordNet: 1. (7) color, colorize, colorise, colourise, colourize, colour, color in, colour in - (add color to; 'The child colored the drawings'; 'Fall colored the trees'; 'colorize black and white film') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ; owl:someValuesFrom :ColorAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ColoringMaterial ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :ColoringMaterial :wnsense "color6n", "coloring material1n", "colour6n", "colouring material1n" ; :wordnet "color", "coloring material", "colour", "colouring material" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ColoringMaterial'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that is used to make something appear with a specific color, whether only on the surface (as with ''Paint'') or throughout the body of the object or material, such as dyes (e.g. those used in foods and beverages and confections). The ''Dye' used could be in a liquid or soloid form when applied. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coloring material' in WordNet: 1. coloring material, colouring material, color, colour - (any material used for its color; 'she used a different color for the trim') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coloring ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Colorless :wnsense "colorless2adj" ; :wordnet "colorless" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of having no perceptible color (not absorbing more than 5% of visible light) when light is viewed through a 20 cm thickness of an object or substance. NOte that 'Colorless' is a function not only of the substance, but of its state of division. A Colorless powder consisting of a Colorless substance may, because of scattering (not absorption), be 'Opaque'. Water, air, and the clear crystal glasses are Colorless, as are many other substances. This is the attribute of ''Varnish'', which might have a slight yellowish color, but is essentially transparent. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'colorless' in Wordnet: 2. colorless, colourless - (weak in color; not colorful) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Transparent . :ColorsOfTheRainbow :hasAttribute :RainbowColorTypes ; :hasEndingPlace :EarthSurfaceRegion ; :hasStartingPlace :Rainbow ; :wasEmittedByObject :Sol ; a :Group, :Light ; rdfs:comment """'ColorsOfTheRainbow' is an instance of a Group (of Light colors) that is used to illustrate the use of the type 'AttributeVariation', a subtype of 'GroupVariation'. This example is more trivial than the anticipated usage, since the Group described has only six members, each different (in Russia, there are seven, including a 'light blue'). More interesting kinds of variation will be more complicated. """ . :Colossal :isMoreIntenseThan :Huge ; :isTheOppositeOf :Tiny ; :wnsense "colossal1adj", "prodigious1adj", "stupendous1adj" ; :wordnet "colossal", "prodigious", "stupendous" ; a :AppearanceType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Colossal'' is a more intensive subtype of ''Huge'' (subtype of 'l'Large'') - Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'colossal' in Wordnet: 1. (3) colossal, prodigious, stupendous - (so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe; 'colossal crumbling ruins of an ancient temple'; 'has a colossal nerve'; 'a prodigious storm'; 'a stupendous field of grass'; 'stupendous demand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Huge . :Colt :guid "bfe6da33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "colt1n" ; :wordnet "colt" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young male Horse. Under four years (WN?) or under one year (CYC?). CYC: The collection of juvenile #$Horses that are #$MaleAnimals. A young male horse is a #$Colt at least until he is a year old. If he is castrated, he becomes a #$Horse-Gelding, and if he is not, he becomes a #$Horse-Stallion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'colt' in WordNet: 1. (2) colt - (a young male horse under the age of four) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foal, :MaleAnimal . :ColumbiaRiver :guid "bd58c511-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; :wnsense "Columbia River1n", "Columbia1n" ; :wordnet "Columbia", "Columbia River" ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """one of the principal rivers of the world. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Columbia River' in WordNet: 1. Columbia, Columbia River - (a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring) """ . :ColumbusDiscoveringAmerica :hadObjectFound :TheNewWorld ; :hasEndingTimePoint :Year1492AD ; :hasStartingTimePoint :Year1492AD ; :wasPerformedByAgent :ChristopherColumbus ; a :DiscoveryEvent ; rdfs:comment """Gloss this as: 'Columbus Discovered the New World in 1492' (Don't quibble about whether it is a 'continent') """ . :Column :wnsense "column7n", "pillar5n" ; :wordnet "column", "pillar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Column'' represents the architectural 'columns' used for supporting structures or parts of a structure; usually round and larger than a post or beam. When in use it has the attribute ''Vertical''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'column' in Wordnet: 7. (1) column, pillar - ((architeture) a tall cylindrical vertical upright and used to support a structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :RigidObject, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ColumnShape :wnsense "column4n", "pillar2n", "tower2n" ; :wordnet "column", "pillar", "tower" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ColumnShape'' is a three-dimensional shape that is like a rod, but larger and usually oriented vertically, The cross-section does not have to be precisely cirular, just approximate, as would be a tornado with a long 'funnel'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pillar' in WordNet: 2. column, tower, pillar - (anything tall and relatively thin that approximates the shape of a column or tower; 'the test tube held a column of white powder'; 'a tower of dust rose above the horizon'; 'a thin pillar of smoke betrayed their campsite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shape . :ColumnValueString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ColumnValueString is an AbstractString that represents the value for a column in a DatabaseTableColumn. This Type serves a function in allowing the actual values of database fields to be represented in the ontology, when needed to properly interpret the database. Its motivating use is to permit an ontology to specify which values in a particular DatabaseTableColumn are used to flag that a particular record represent a particular Type, when the whole Table represents more than one Type of ontology entity. When there is only one column that satisfies the relation 'hasDistinguishingColumn', the value in that column will specify what type of entity is represented by each particular record. To assure that each instance of this Type has a unique name, the actual string value can be prefixed by a concatenation of the DatabasePrefix, the DatabaseTablePrefix, and the Column name. Thus the value 'E' in field 'EorM' of table 'Employee' of database 'Payroll' might have the name: 'PAY__EMP__EORM__E'. Such a name can be parsed to recover the information as to in what field in what database it is used. The datatype string representation can be represented if necessary (e.g. if it uses characters that are not allowed in the name of an instance, and therfore cannot be recovered by parsing the name of the ColumnValueString) by use of the relation 'hasStringRepresentation'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString . :Columnist :wnsense "columnist1n" ; :wordnet "columnist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Columnist'' is a ''Journalist who writes more than one 'column' - a short essay (on any topic) that appears in a periodical.. Often such columns appear once or more weekly, over years Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'columnist' (is every column an 'editorial'?) in WordNet: 1. (1) columnist, editorialist - (a journalist who writes editorials) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Journalist, :Writer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewspaperColumn ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isTheAuthorOf ] . :Columns :en "columns" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Columns'' is a Group of ''Column''s on a single structure - outside or inside. This can serve as the referent for discussions of 'the colums' of a structure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Column ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Coma :wnsense "coma1n", "comatoseness1n" ; :wordnet "coma", "comatoseness" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Coma'' is a deep and prolonged 'Unconsciousness'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coma' in WordNet: 1. (1) coma, comatoseness - (a state of deep and often prolonged unconsciousness; usually the result of disease or injury) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unconsciousness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comatose ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Comatose :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Coma ; :wnsense "comatose2adj" ; :wordnet "comatose" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'comatose' in Wordnet: 2. comatose - (in a state of deep and usually prolonged unconsciousness; unable to respond to external stimuli; \"a comatose patient\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unconscious . :Comb :guid "bd58e80a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "comb" ; :wnsense "comb1n" ; :wordnet "comb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device that fits in the hand, generally flat but containing multiple narrow parallel tines narrowly spaced, used mostly to straighten tangled hair or fur. Includes but is broader than CYC 'CombForHair' CYC: The collection of all combs for combing hair Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comb' in WordNet: 1. (3) comb - (a flat device with narrow pointed teeth on one edge; disentangles or arranges hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool . :Combat :ldoce "action" ; :wnsense "action5n", "combat2n" ; :wordnet "action", "combat" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Combat' is the ''FunctionalProcess'' (not an Event) that occurs during a 'MilitaryEngagement' and which, over some period of time, results in a 'MilitaryEngagement' (i.e. a complete Battle). NOTE that this is for the FunctionalProcess occurring during a MilitaryEngagement, and is not the complete ''Event'' of a MilitaryEngagement. Corresponds to he military part of noun sense 2 of 'combat' and noun sense 5 of 'action' in WordNet: 2. (1) fight, fighting, combat, scrap - (the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; 'a fight broke out at the hockey game'; 'there was fighting in the streets'; 'the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap') WN 'action': 5. (49) military action, action - (a military engagement; 'he saw action in Korea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryEngagement ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingEvent ] . :CombatSportsEvent :guid "bd58c43a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sports which involve constrained physical combat: boxing, judo, wrestling, karate, fencing. Protective gear is often worn. A veneer of scoring is added, but these are basically attempts for one individual to subdue another within a set of rules. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fight-Physical, :SportsEvent . :CombatZone :guid "b7af9f42-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "combat area1n", "combat zone2n" ; :wordnet "combat area", "combat zone" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The area in the Course of Action representation that is required by combat forces for the conduct of operations has the attribute #$CombatZone. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'combat zone' in WordNet: 2. combat zone, combat area - (a military area where combat forces operate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitarySector, :OutdoorObject, :TacticalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryEngagement ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Combatant :wnsense "combatant1n" ; :wordnet "combatant" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'combatant' in WordNet: 1. combatant, battler, belligerent, fighter, scrapper - (someone who fights (or is fighting)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryPerson, :Warrior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryEngagement ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Combination :ldoce "combination" ; :wnsense "combination1n" ; :wordnet "combination" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Combination is a Group that contains more than one type of entity. It can be abstract, concrete, or a substance. It is the result of a Combining event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'combination' in WordNet: 1. (20) combination - (a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PluralThing . :Combined :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Combining ; :wnsense "combined2adj" ; :wordnet "combined" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Combined'' is an Attribute of Objects Or Substances that that have been 'combined', that is mixed together to form some kind of ''Combination''. The subtype ''Concerted'' is also a combination,but of the efforts of people toward some Goal. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'combined' in WordNet: 2. (2) combined - (made or joined or united into one) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :CombingSomething :ldoce "comb" ; :wnsense "comb1v" ; :wordnet "comb" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of 'CombingSomething' is to use a 'Comb' to straighten out or clean hair or fur, or anything else that consists of multiple fibers. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'comb' in WordNet: 1. (1) comb - (straighten with a comb; 'comb your hair') 2. (1) comb, ransack - (search thoroughly; 'They combed the area for the missing child') 3. (1) comb, comb out, disentangle - (smoothen and neaten with or as with a comb; 'comb your hair before dinner'; 'comb the wool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :MaintainingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comb ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :Combining :en "combining" ; :ldoce "combine" ; :wnsense "combine1v", "combine3v", "combine4v", "combine5v", "combine6v", "combine7v" ; :wordnet "combine" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: 'Combining' is interpreted more broadly than in SUMO to include combinations of substances and abstract objects as well as PhysicalObjects. The result of Combining is a Combination. For the more specific sense of 'Uniting' more than one Object to form a larger Object with its own identity, use 'Uniting'. To form a new type of material by adding together components,use ''Mixing'. SUMO: A Process where two or more SelfConnectedObjects are incorporated into a single SelfConnectedObject. Note that Combining is different from Attaching in that the former results in one of the objects being part of the other, while Attaching only results in the two objects being connected with one another. Note too that Combining is different from Putting in that one or both of the two things which are combined may or may not be moved from the location where they were combined.. This is a broad sense of 'combine' that includes senses 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of 'combine' in Wordnet: 1. (16) compound, combine - (put or add together; 'combine resources') 3. (10) compound, combine - (combine so as to form a whole; mix; 'compound the ingredients') 4. (4) combine - (add together from different sources; 'combine resources') 5. (2) combine - (join for a common purpose or in a common action; 'These forces combined with others') 6. (1) aggregate, combine - (gather in a mass, sum, or whole) 7. (1) blend, flux, mix, conflate, commingle, immix, fuse, coalesce, meld, combine, merge - (mix together different elements; 'The colors blend well') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Combination ] . :Combustibility :wnsense "burnability1n", "combustibility1n", "combustibleness1n" ; :wordnet "burnability", "combustibility", "combustibleness" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'combustibility' in Wordnet: 1. combustibility, combustibleness, burnability - (the quality of being capable of igniting and burning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ability, :HavingAnAttribute, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combustion ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combustible ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Combustible :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Combustibility ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Combustion ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Combustion ; :isTheOppositeOf :Noncombustible ; :wnsense "combustible1adj" ; :wordnet "combustible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Combustible'' For the more highly combustible materials use ''Flammable''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'combustible' in WordNet: 1. combustible - (capable of igniting and burning) WN adj 'flammable': 1. flammable, inflammable - (easily ignited) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :CombustibleFuelSubstance :guid "bd58ad5b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The substances usually used as fuels." ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumableProduct, :EnergySource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combustible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CombustibleObject :wnsense "combustible material1n", "combustible1n" ; :wordnet "combustible", "combustible material" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CombustibleObject'' is a solid ''OrganicObject'' that is capable of burning in air (i.e. performing ''Combustion''). This is 'organic' because it typically consists of wood or paper or wax. The substance should be a different type - most of the WN meaning is captured in ''Fuel''. Corresponds approximately (but her it is an Object made of combustible material) to noun sense 1 of 'combustible' in WordNet: 1. combustible, combustible material - (a substance that can be burned to provide heat or power) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flammable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CombustibleSubstance a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CombustibleSubstance is a substance (liquid or solid or gas) (e.g. gasoline or paper) which can burn in air in a self-sustaining combustion process, once ignited. Every liquid that is a CombustibleSubstance has a FlashPoint. NOTE that in COSMO 'Fuel' is an ArtificialSubstance, and a subtype of this type.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :Combustion :CYC "CombustionProcess" ; :en "CombustionProcess" ; :guid "bd58c04e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "burn" ; :wnsense "burn3v", "burning1n", "combustion1n" ; :wordnet "burn", "burning", "combustion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which something burns. This is usually in air, but burning in another oxidant such pure oxygen (e.g. in rockets or oxy-acetylene torches) or chlorine gas is included (though it may never be necessary to represent it explicitly). It is in either case an 'oxidation' event, as classified by chemistry. ''Combustion'' may not be complete, and combustible material may be left after a fire dies out' one product of incomplete combustion is ''Soot''. For burning freely in Air see ''Fire''. For the transitive sense of causing something to combust, use 'SettingSomethingOnFire'. SUMO: The Class of ChemicalProcesses in which an Object reacts with oxygen and gives off heat. This includes all Processes in which something is burning. Cyc: (CombustionProcess) A collection of events, and a specialization of #$EnergyConversionProcess and #$DecompositionProcess. Each #$CombustionProcess is an event in which rapid oxidation is taking place. These always have heat as an output and often involve emission of light as well (typically, #$Flames). The #$objectActedOn in a #$CombustionProcess is at least partly consumed. See also #$Flammability. In WordNet, Combustion is a process, not an Event. In COSMO every physical Event has an associated FunctionalProcess, so the Event can be used to represent the process as well. Combustion in WordNet is a hypernym of the process sense of 'fire', and in COSMO these are also related by parent-subtype relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'combustion' and noun sense 1 of 'burning' and verb sense 3 of 'burn' in WordNet: 1. (2) combustion, burning - (a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light) WN verb 'burn': 3. (10) burn, combust - (undergo combustion; 'Maple wood burns well') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalDecomposition, :EnergyConversionProcess, :Oxidation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DangerousSituation ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :CombustionDevice :guid "b882d8dc-f806-41d7-9259-cc1b17f8af39" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$Collection #$CombustionDevice contains all of those #$PhysicalDevices which can play the role of #$deviceUsed in an instance of #$SettingSomethingOnFire. Notable subcollections include #$Match-FireStarter, #$IncendiaryDevice, and #$PyrotechnicDevice. COSMO NOTE: such a Device can itself burn, therefore it can perform 'Combustion'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SettingSomethingOnFire ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combustion ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Comedian :guid "bd58c794-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "comedian1n" ; :wordnet "comedian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Positions which involve performing stand-up comedy, which is recorded and/or performed in front of live audiences. NOTE that in CYC and WN a ''Clown' is a ''comedian'' so this type does not have to tell jokes - that is a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comedian' in Wordnet: 1. (4) comedian, comic - (a professional performer who tells jokes and performs comical acts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer . :Comedy :wnsense "comedy1n" ; :wordnet "comedy" ; a :GenreType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''Comedy''' is a ''DramaticComposition'' in which the fortune of the protagonist(s) of the Drama does not end badly, and in the interim provides mirth and amusement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comedy' in WordNet: 1. (18) comedy - (light and humorous drama with a happy ending) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaticComposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mirth ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Humorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Comer :wnsense "comer1n" ; :wordnet "comer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Comer'' is a 'SuccessfulPerson' who has achieved important goals and shows promise of becoming prominent by additional more important achievements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comer' in WordNet: 1. (1) comer - (someone with a promising future) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :SuccessfulPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Promising ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Comet :guid "bd5895a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "comet1n" ; :wordnet "comet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all comets moving under the influence of our Sun. In AstronomyMt this collection might also include comets outside the Solar System. COSMO note: this includes the tail of the comet. For the head alone, the solid part, use 'CometHead'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comet' in WordNet: 1. (1) comet - ((astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterSpaceObject . :CometHead :ldoce "head" ; :wnsense "head17n" ; :wordnet "head" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CometHead' is the solid part of a Comet, excluding any emitted gases or ions that can be seen as the 'tail'. The Wordnet sense 17 of 'head' is interpreted as only a CometHead - other type of bulge seem to be elsewhere. in WordNet: 17. head - (a rounded compact mass; 'the head of a comet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterSpaceObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Comet ] . :Comfort :ldoce "comfort" ; :wnsense "comfort1n", "comfort2n" ; :wordnet "comfort" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Comfort is the Feeling that a person has when s/he is relaxed and has no disagreeable sensations. NOTE this is the parent type for both mental and physical 'comfort' NOTE that 'living in comfort' is not included in this sense. (@ToDo: as of r973, not represented) This represents the state when one is neither positively or negatively affected by internal concerns. The subtype ''Contentment'' is the feeling achieved when one is positively satisfied by gratification of some desires, with few or no offsetting concerns. This includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 1. (5) comfort, comfortableness - (a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain; 'he is a man who enjoys his comfort'; 'she longed for the comfortableness of her armchair') 2. (5) comfort - (a feeling of freedom from worry or disappointment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relaxed-Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comfortable ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Comfortable :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Comfort ; :ldoce "comfortable" ; :wnsense "comfortable2adj" ; :wordnet "comfortable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Comfort. This includes mental and physical comfort. To be 'comfortable' is to live without pain or stress. NOTE that the word 'comfortable' is also used as a label for an attribute of objects that *cause* people to feel comfort; these two senses are mixed in WordNet sense 1 of 'comfortable': see below. Corresponds to adj sense 2 of 'comfortable' in WordNet: 2. (2) comfortable - (free from stress or conducive to mental ease; having or affording peace of mind; 'was settled in a comfortable job, one for which he was well prepared'; 'the comfortable thought that nothing could go wrong'; 'was comfortable in his religious beliefs'; 'she's a comfortable person to be with'; 'she felt comfortable with her fiance's parents'). WN WN NOTE that sense 1 in WordNet mixes two senses, and in part WN corresponds to this sense; the last 3 quotes should be this WN sense 1. (17) comfortable, comfy - (providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief ('comfy' is informal); 'comfortable clothes'; 'comfortable suburban houses'; 'made himself comfortable in an armchair'; 'the antihistamine made her feel more comfortable'; 'are you comfortable?'; 'feeling comfy now?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relaxed . :Comfortably :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Comfortable ; :wnsense "comfortably1adv", "comfortably2adv", "comfortably3adv" ; :wordnet "comfortably" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Comfortably'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifes adjectives or assertions about Actions, and expresses the notion that the Action characterized is or can be performed with 'Comfort', i.e. the agent would be ''Comfortable'' dong the action. Includes adverb sense 1 of 'comfortably' in Wordnet: 1. (5) comfortably - (in mental comfort; without stress; 'he works comfortably on three continents') 2. (2) comfortably - (in physical comfort; 'she could have been lying comfortably in bed getting the same relief') 3. well, comfortably - (in financial comfort; 'They live well'; 'she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Comforter :wnsense "comforter3n", "quilt1n" ; :wordnet "comforter", "quilt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'comforter' in Wordnet: 3. quilt, comforter, puff - (bedding made of two layers of cloth filled with stuffing and stitched together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BedCover, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stuffed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Comforting :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ProvidingMentalComfort ; :wnsense "comforting2adj", "consolatory1adj", "consoling1adj" ; :wordnet "comforting", "consolatory", "consoling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Comforting'' is the attribute of something, that causes consolation, i.e. performs ''ProvidingMentalComfort''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'consoling' in Wordnet: 1. (1) comforting, consolatory, consoling - (affording comfort or solace) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ComicBook :guid "bfd0018c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "comic book1n" ; :wordnet "comic book" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of a physical, printed magazine containing stories with pictorial content consisting of 'comic strips' (made up of cartoons). In CYC the conceptual content is called called 'ComicBookIssue' CYC: he collection of all #$MagazineIssues of #$ComicBookSeries. Each #$ComicBookIssue is instantiated in many copies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comic book' in Wordnet: 1. (1) comic book - (a magazine devoted to comic strips) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Magazine-Physical . :ComicBookCharacter :en "comic book character" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComicBookCharacter'' is a ''FictionalCharacter'' that appears in some ''ComicBook'', or is derived from a character that appears in a ''ComicBook''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalCharacter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComicBook ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ] . :Comically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Funny ; :wnsense "comically1adv" ; :wordnet "comically" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''comically''is an adverb that signals that the Event being described has the property ''Funny''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'comically' in Wordnet: 1. (1) comically - (in a comical manner; 'the tone was comically desperate') """ . :Comics :en "comics", "the comics" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Comics'' or 'the comics' is the collective term for all or some subset of ''Cartoon''s or ''CartoonStrip''s or ''ComicBook''s or the section(s) of a newspaper called the 'funnies'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cartoon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CartoonStrip ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComicBook ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ComingApart :wnsense "breakup2n", "detachment5n", "divide4v", "part4v", "separate5v", "separation2n" ; :wordnet "breakup", "detachment", "divide", "part", "separate", "separation" ; a :ActionType, :IntransitiveEventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ComingApart'' is an intransitive ''SeparationEvent'' in which parts of some PhysicalObject that were connected lose their connection. For a 'fragmenting' of a brittle object use subtype ''SplittingApart'' or its subtype ''Shattering''. Corresponds to verb senses 5 and part (for bread) of sense 8 of 'separate' in WordNet: 5. (3) separate, divide, part - (come apart; 'The two pieces that we had glued separated') WN noun 'separation': 2. (5) separation, breakup, detachment - (coming apart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalPartOfObject ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ComingLater :en "following", "postdating" ; :wnsense "come after1v", "follow2v", "postdate1v" ; :wordnet "come after", "follow", "postdate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ComingLater'' is an Event that ''occurredLaterThan'' (occurs later in time) some other Event. This is defined and always referenced relative to another Event, which comes before it in time. NOTE: This combines with the property ''occurredLaterThan'' (or, for the Event ocurring earlier in time,using ''occurredEarlierThan'' the preceding Event), to form part of a primitive notion of Events occurring in time sequence. NOTE: the WN gloss is ambiguous but this type does not imply any causality between the preceding and folowing events. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'come after' in WordNet: 1. (2) follow, come after - (come after in time, as a result; 'A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake') WN verb 'postdate': 2. (50) postdate, follow - (be later in time; 'Tuesday always follows Monday') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :SituationRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredLaterThan ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :ComingTogether :en "come together", "coming together", "converging" ; :wnsense "accumulate2v", "amass1v", "conglomerate1v", "cumulate1v", "gather3v", "pile up1v" ; :wordnet "accumulate", "amass", "conglomerate", "cumulate", "gather", "pile up" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ComingTogether' is an Event in which two or more PhysicalObjects move from being more distant to being either together in some Container or in some definable Region. This is very general, and includes acts of Assembling, Packing, Compacting. This differs from 'Collecting' in that (1) it is less specific, in not requiring an agent to cause the things to come together, but (2) it is more specific, in requiring that the things that come together are PhysicalObjects. Note that inanimate things like clouds can 'gather' together. The use of this type requires that the location of the group that gathers together be specified. NOTE: this is a ''Translocation'', so something must move physically, but it is not necessary that more than one object move - a ''ComingTogether'' can result from only one object moving into the vicinity of another. For the static situation of two ''LongAndThinThing's being aligned so that some part of each occupies the same location,use ''Intersecting'. This general sense can be used for instances of inanimate objects 'coming together' into a perceptible group without the agency of an agent, as in: 'Heavy clouds packed together, signalling rain.' For this sense, use 'ComingTogether'. This may also be used for any natural accumulation process not already represented by a more specific type. Examples are the aggregation of minerals in ore formations, or formation of sediments on the bottom of bodies of water, or the aggregation of particles circling a star to form planets, etc. Includes verb sense 3 of 'gather' in WordNet: 3. (3) accumulate, cumulate, conglomerate, pile up, gather, amass - (collect or gather; 'Journals are accumulating in my office'; 'The work keeps piling up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Converging, :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :LocalGroup ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accumulation ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :Comma :wnsense "comma1n" ; :wordnet "comma" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Comma'' is a 'PunctuationMark' that signals the end of one part of a sentence, or serves to break the sentence into several phrases. It is used for many different purposes.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comma' in WordNet: 1. comma - (a punctuation mark (,) used to indicate the separation of elements within the grammatical structure of a sentence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark . :CommaString a :AbstractString ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of CommaString is an AbstractString consisting of a single comma. There is only one such string.""" . :CommaedListString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CommaedListString is a ListString in which the individual entries are delimited by a single comma. In this case the recovered entried may have leading or trailing spaces, as well as internal spaces. Whether the leading or trailing spaces should be removed is up to the application.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ListString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommaString ; owl:onProperty :hasDelimiter ] . :CommandContent :guid "bd58dac6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The LinguisticAssertion that is the result of a Commanding event. This is also the result of a Ordering event. In Cyc this is a type of 'IllocutionaryForce', which is not represented in COSMO as of v0.49 Cyc: A kind of illocutionary force associated with commanding. When illocutionary act has this illocutionary force, then the speaker intends to have the listener either carry out the action described in the utterance and/or bring about the situation described in the utterance. The speaker in any given instance of #$Ordering-CommunicationAct presupposes that s/he has the authority to command those s/he adresses. 'Speaker' and 'listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RequestContent . :CommandPhrase :wnsense "bid1n", "bidding1n", "command1n", "dictation1n", "order1n" ; :wordnet "bid", "bidding", "command", "dictation", "order" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommandPhrase'' is a Phrase that is produced by a Person transmitting a printed or oral ''Commanding'' to another Person. This type is expressed by both 'command' and 'order' (\"That's an order!\"). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'command' in WordNet: 1. (23) command, bid, bidding, dictation - (an authoritative direction or instruction to do something) WN noun 'order': 1. (26) order - ((often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed; 'the British ships dropped anchor and waited for orders from London') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ordering ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Commander :wnsense "commander2n" ; :wordnet "commander" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A generic ''Commander'' is a person who is part of an Organization ans has the authority from that Organization to order some other Person(s) to do things on threat of punishment for failure to obey; and this authority is part of the job. Not applicable to parents or classroom teachers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commander' in WordNet: 2. (3) commander - (someone in an official position of authority who can command or control others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leader, :PersonWithOccupation, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssigningAgentToRole ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :Commander-USArmyStaff :en "commander", "military commander" ; :enn "military commander" ; :guid "bda06181-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of instances of #$MilitaryOfficer. Each instance of this collection is the #$organizationHead of a #$StaffOrganization-USArmy. A commander is responsible for effectively using available resources and for planning the employment, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling of military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit, :MilitaryOfficer . :CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit :wnsense "commandant1n", "commander1n", "commanding officer1n" ; :wordnet "commandant", "commander", "commanding officer" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The leader of a military unit of any size, including squads that are not led by officers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commanding officer' in WordNet: 1. (10) commanding officer, commandant, commander - (an officer in command of a military unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Commander, :MilitaryPerson, :PersonWithOccupation, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssigningAgentToRole ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :Commando :wnsense "commando1n", "ranger3n" ; :wordnet "commando", "ranger" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Commando'' is a member of a highly trained elite military group who conducts dangerous raids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commando' in WordNet: 1. (2) commando, ranger - (a member of a military unit trained as shock troops for hit-and-run raids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryPerson . :Commemorating :en "commemorating" ; :wnsense "commemorate3v" ; :wordnet "commemorate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Commemorating' is an Event (which can be a PersistentState) that commemorates some event or person, or object. The subject of this type of Event may be a Person, or group of people, or (as with stamps and coins and plaques), an inanimate SymbolicObject. For meetings that serve to commorate something, use 'Commemoration'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'commemorate' in WordNet (to provide a memorial); a 'CommemorativeObject' does not itself perform this action, though linguistically it can be said that way. See 'CommemorativeObject'. in WordNet: 3. commemorate, memorialize, memorialise, immortalize, immortalise, record - (be or provide a memorial to a person or an event; 'This sculpture commemorates the victims of the concentration camps'; 'We memorialized the Dead') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalReferringThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :Event :EventType ) ] ] . :CommemorationEvent :en "commemorating" ; :guid "bd58957b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "commemorate3v", "commemoration1n", "memorialisation1n", "memorialise2v", "memorialization1n", "memorialize2v" ; :wordnet "commemorate", "commemoration", "memorialisation", "memorialise", "memorialization", "memorialize" ; a :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An action that commemorates some event or person. In Cyc this apparently requires more than one person to participate. We adopt that interpretation. However, this is not necessarily a major formal event - a smallbirthday party would be an instance. CYC 'Commemoration':An action that commemorates some event or person. NOTE that the *production* of a 'CommemorativeObject' can also be an instance of this type. The 'CommemorativeObject' itself is a symbolic object, and the PersistentState in which it 'commemorates' something . Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'commemorate' in WordNet (to provide a memorial); a 'CommemorativeObject' does not itself perform this action, though linguistically it can be said that way. See 'CommemorativeObject'. in WordNet: 3. commemorate, memorialize, memorialise, immortalize, immortalise, record - (be or provide a memorial to a person or an event; 'This sculpture commemorates the victims of the concentration camps'; 'We memorialized the Dead') WN noun 'commemoration': 1. commemoration, memorialization, memorialisation - (a ceremony to honor the memory of someone or something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceremony, :ExternalReferringThing, :FormalMeeting, :SocialGathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :Event ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :commemorates ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :Event :EventType ) ] ] . :CommemorativeObject :wnsense "commemorative1n" ; :wordnet "commemorative" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CommemorativeObject' commemorates some person or Event, but is a SmallObject and is thus not a 'ConstructionArtifact'. This includes plaques, coins, and stamps, often issued on some anniversary of the thing commemorated. This has to be small enough to be carried, even if it happens to be affixed (as a plaque) to something immovable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commemorative' in WordNet: 1. commemorative - (an object (such as a coin or postage stamp) made to mark an event or honor a person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :commemorates ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Commending :wnsense "commend1v" ; :wordnet "commend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'commend' in WordNet: 1. (10) commend - (express approval of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Praising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PraiseText ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :CommensurableQuantityGroup :en "commensurable quantities" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommensurableQuantityGroup'' is a ''QuantityGroup'' all of whose elements have the same ''UnitOfMeasure' (which can be dimensionless). For dimensionless numbers use subtype ''GroupOfNumbers''. ToDo: Add attributes: comparable and st in WordNet: 1. commensurable - (able to be measured by a common standard; 'hours and minutes are commensurable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RealNumber :PhysicalQuantity :MoneyMeasure :RatioQuantity ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Comment :ldoce "comment" ; :wnsense "comment1n" ; :wordnet "comment" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A short abstract LinguisticAssertion that pertains to some topic previously in focus. Each Comment is the product of a 'Commenting' Event. A Comment will often express a personal opinion (as suggested by the WordNet gloss), but this is not a necessary attribute: a comment can also be a factual observation, or someone passing on information from others. The main characteristics are that it is brief,and pertains to some specific topic that is already in the focus of some communication situation. NOTE: in COSMO this is an abstract LinguisticAssertion, not an Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comment' and sense 1 of 'remark' in WordNet: 1. (24) remark, comment - (a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief; 'from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddedObject, :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Commenting ] . :Commentary :wnsense "comment2n", "commentary1n" ; :wordnet "comment", "commentary" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''Commentary'' is the abstract representation of a Group of written ''Comment''s by one or more authors, distinguished from the component ''Comment''s by not being brief, and being more carefully thought out. The Comments can be on any topic. This can be added to an existing document or presented orally or in writing, and in any medium, speech, print, or broadcast or online,but in any case are or appear to be''Thoughtful'' (well thought out).. A single newspaper column *may* be a ''Commentary' if it gives thoughtful expert comments on some topic. Likewise an article in a magazine. This includes subtypes ''Evaluation'', and ''Critique''. NOTE: this is broader than the WN sense 1 of 'commentary': Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'commentary' in WordNet; this does not have to be *added* to a larger work,it can be a stand-alone evaluation of critique of a work, or a set of comments on any topic, object or event: in WordNet: 1. (4) comment, commentary - (a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material; 'he wrote an extended comment on the proposal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FactualText, :Group, :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Comment ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thoughtful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Commentator ; owl:onProperty :wasAuthoredBy ] . :Commentator :wnsense "commentator1n", "observer2n" ; :wordnet "commentator", "observer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Commentator'' is a Person who provides a ''Commentary'' on some topic in any medium. This is now often used for television commentators. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commentator' in WordNet: 1. (2) observer, commentator - (an expert who observes and comments on something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affiliate, :Expert, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Commentary ; owl:onProperty :isTheAuthorOf ] . :Commenting :en "commenting", "remarking" ; :ldoce "remark" ; :wnsense "comment1v", "point out1v", "remark2v" ; :wordnet "comment", "point out", "remark" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Commenting' is an AssertingEvent in which an Agent asserts something pertaining to some specific topic that is already in the focus of that agent and at least one other. Commenting often pertains to some previous linguistic communication, but it can focus on some action of an agent, or on some other non-linguistic object or phenomenon. The difference between Commenting and other types of assertion is that the product of a Commenting, a Comment, is short - often only one or a few sentences - and focused on a specific narrow topic, adding information to some previous information on that topic, never raising a new topic. NOTE: 'point out' is also used to mean 'show the location of'. That sense should be included in ''PointingToSomething''. This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'comment' and sense 2 of 'remark' in WordNet: 2. comment, notice, remark, point out - (make or write a comment on; 'he commented the paper of his colleague') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Comment ] . :Commercial :pertainsTo :BusinessAsAnActivity, :CommercialActivity, :CommercialBuilding, :CommercialFacility, :CommercialFarming, :CommercialOrganization, :Money, :Wealth ; :wnsense "commercial1adj", "commercial2adj" ; :wordnet "commercial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Commercial'' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that concerns ''BusinessAsAnActivity'' or other things pertaining to commerce. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'commercial' in WordNet: 1. (22) commercial - (connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises; 'commercial trucker'; 'commercial TV'; 'commercial diamonds') 2. (2) commercial - (of or relating to commercialism; 'a commercial attache'; 'commercial paper'; 'commercial law') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CommercialActivity :guid "bd5887a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "business 4n", "business activity1n", "commercial activity1n" ; :wordnet "business ", "business activity", "commercial activity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommercialActivity'' is a ''BusinessEvent'' performed by a ''CommercialOrganization'' as one ''EconomicAction'' in its execution of ''BusinessAsAnActivity''s. COSMO note: added 'BusinessEvent' as a parent. Cyc distinguishes the two, but for COSMO 'BusinessEvent' will include any activity in furtherance of a business purpose. This differs from 'BusinessAsAnActivity' in that 'BusinessAsAnActivity' is viewed as the total aggregate of all business events, past, present and future, whereas each 'CommercialActivity' is one or some related Group of Events within some restricted time frame and location. Cyc: A collection of events and a specialization of both #$EconomicAction and #$Transaction. Instances of this collection include all types of buying, selling, offering to sell, offering to buy, marketing, paying for bought items, requesting bids, performing services for hire, advertising, etc. Its many specializations include #$LoanRepaying, #$Renting and #$ProductRecall. Though there is a great deal of overlap between this collection and #$BusinessEvent, they are not the same. Firstly, #$BusinessEvent does not include any purely social or recreational events (whereas a weekend swap-meet, for example, would be an instance of #$CommercialActivity). Secondly, not all activities carried out in pursuit of business interests fall under the definition of commercial activity above (consider head-hunting, for example). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commercial activity' in WordNet: 1. business activity, commercial activity - (activity undertaken as part of a commercial enterprise) WN noun sense 4 of 'business': 4. (122) business - (the volume of commercial activity; 'business is good today'; 'show me where the business was today') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessEvent, :EconomicAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BusinessAsAnActivity ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :CommercialBuilding :en "business building" ; :wnsense "business establishment1n", "place of business1n" ; :wordnet "business establishment", "place of business" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Building which is intended for organizational activities, e.g. retail or wholesale selling, manufacturing, office work, hotel or other service facility, etc. Also: (subclass CommercialBuilding PlaceOfCommerce). NOTE: This is a whole buiding used for some business purpose. For *part* of a building, use parent type ''PlaceOfBusiness'' or some other subtype of that.. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'place of business' in WordNet: 1. (3) place of business, business establishment - (an establishment (a factory or an assembly plant or retail store or warehouse etc.) where business is conducted, goods are made or stored or processed or where services are rendered) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :PlaceOfBusiness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BusinessEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :CommercialCatering :eng "catering" ; :wnsense "cater2v" ; :wordnet "cater" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CommercialCatering'' is the action of a catering business that supplies food ready to eat for gatherings of people. This is not for waiters or waitresses at restaurants (use ''WaitingOnTables'') or for the hosts of a gathering who directly provide the food. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'cater' in WordNet: 2. cater - (supply food ready to eat; for parties and banquets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialActivity, :Providing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Caterer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialGathering ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food-ReadyToEat ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :CommercialCompetition :wnsense "competition1n" ; :wordnet "competition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommercialCompetition'' is a ''Competition''s between two or more ''Business''es who sell goods or services for customers, to make profit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'competition' in WordNet: 1. (17) competition - (a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers; \"business competition can be fiendish at times\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Business ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :CommercialFacility :en "commercial facility" ; :enn "commercial facility" ; :guid "9c54e122-5b0a-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$ConstructionArtifacts that are dedicated to serving as the #$physicalQuarters of some #$CommercialOrganization. NOTE that 'Factory' is a subtype. If a government or non-profit organization can have a Factory for producing materials consumed by itself, then a Factory will have to be unlinked from 'CommercialFacility'. (Example: mint where coins are minted ? ) COSMO note: This is a broad category, but differs in COSMO from 'PlaceOfBusiness' in that some contact with customers (individuals or organizations) is one of the purposes of this facility, not merely back-office processing or administration. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic, :PlaceOfBusiness . :CommercialFarming :en "commercial farming" ; :wnsense "agribusiness1n", "agriculture1n", "agriculture2n", "factory farm1n", "farming1n", "husbandry1n" ; :wordnet "agribusiness", "agriculture", "factory farm", "farming", "husbandry" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CommercialFarming' is the subtype of 'Agriculture' that involves raising plants or animals for business purposes (for sale); this excludes private gardening, but includes breeding animals, even if on a small scale, if done for sale. @include raising animals or growing crops (cultivation) Includes noun ense 1 and a subtype of sense 2 of 'agriculture' and noun sense 1 of 'agribusiness' in WordNet: 2. (1) farming, agriculture, husbandry - (the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock) WN non 'agribusiness': 1. (4) agribusiness, agriculture, factory farm - (a large-scale farming enterprise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialActivity, :GrowingPlants . :CommercialGravel :wnsense "gravel1n" ; :wordnet "gravel" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :StoneType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CommercialGravel'' is 'Gravel' that has been produced by some intentional process to have certain properties. It may be sorted or bagged natural gravel, or drectly produced by crushing and sorting rock. Any gravel in a form prepared for shipping is ''CommercialGravel''. From the Wikipedia article on 'gravel': Gravel is composed of unconsolidated rock fragments that have a general particle size range and include size classes from granule- to boulder-sized fragments. Gravel is sub-categorized by the Udden-Wentworth scale into granular gravel (>2 to 4 mm or 0.079 to 0.157 in) and pebble gravel (>4 to 64 mm or 0.2 to 2.5 in). One cubic yard of gravel typically weighs about 3000 pounds (or a cubic metre is about 1,800 kilograms). Gravel is an important commercial product, with a number of applications. Many roadways are surfaced with gravel, especially in rural areas where there is little traffic. Globally, far more roads are surfaced with gravel than with concrete or tarmac; Russia alone has over 400,000 km (250,000 mi) of gravel roads.[citation needed] Both sand and small gravel are also important for the manufacture of concrete. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravel' in WordNet: 1. (3) gravel, crushed rock - (rock fragments and pebbles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Gravel . :CommercialInstrument :wnsense "commercial document1n", "commercial instrument1n" ; :wordnet "commercial document", "commercial instrument" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CommercialInstrument'' is a ''Document-Physical'' that provides some (various types of) information related to 'commerce' (transactions,agreements, properties). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commercial instrument' in WordNet: 1. commercial document, commercial instrument - (a document of or relating to commerce) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, :PhysicalEvidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :One-TimePayment ; owl:onProperty :isEvidenceFor ] . :CommercialMerger :en "merge", "merging" ; :wnsense "amalgamation1n", "merger1n", "uniting1n" ; :wordnet "amalgamation", "merger", "uniting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommercialMerger'' is a ''Consolidating'' Event in which two or more ''CommercialOrganization''s combine to form a larger Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merger' in WordNet: 1. (6) amalgamation, merger, uniting - (the combination of two or more commercial companies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsolidatingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialOrganization ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialOrganization ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CommercialOrganization :SUMO "CommercialAgent" ; :guid "bd5892d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "company" ; :wnsense "business concern1n", "business organisation1n", "business organization1n", "business1n", "company1n", "concern3n", "enterprise2n" ; :wordnet "business", "business concern", "business organisation", "business organization", "company", "concern", "enterprise" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A ''Business'' that is an Organization. Cyc: A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$CommercialOrganization is an organization whose primary goal is to generate a profit for its owners, usually through the buying and selling of goods or services. A given instance of #$CommercialOrganization may also be an instance of #$Business, or it may merely be a sub-organization of some instance of #$Business. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'company' and sense 2 of 'enerprise' and part of sense 1 of 'business' (those that are organizations) in WordNet: 1. (807) company - (an institution created to conduct business; 'he only invests in large well-established companies'; 'he started the company in his garage') WN noun 'enterprise': 2. (5) enterprise - (an organization created for business ventures; 'a growing enterprise must have a bold leader') WN 'business': 1. (1268) business, concern, business concern, business organization, business organisation - (a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it; 'he bought his brother's business'; 'a small mom-and-pop business'; 'a racially integrated business concern') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Business, :PrivateOrganization . :CommercialPrinting :ldoce "print" ; :wnsense "print1v", "print4v", "printing3n" ; :wordnet "print", "printing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CommercialPrinting' is the Action of ''Printing'' that is done for pay, and produces multiple copies of ''PrintedMaterial'' and and where the output of the Action is intended for sale or distribution to some large number of people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialActivity, :Printing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "100"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :PrintedMaterial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrintingPress ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :CommercialServiceOrganization :guid "bd58f1b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CommercialOrganization. Each instance of #$CommercialServiceOrganization is a commercial organization which sells some service(s), rather than tangible goods, as its main product. Some tangible goods may accompany or supplement the main service sold, but only as side products; for example, some instances of #$HairSalon sell hair care products. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialOrganization, :CommercialServiceProvider, :ServiceOrganization . :CommercialServiceProvider :en "commercial service provider" ; :enn "commercial service provider" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommercialServiceProvider'' is a ''ServiceProvider'' who provides a service for pay.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceProvider, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SellingaService ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Client ; owl:onProperty :wasaVendorTo ] . :CommercialUseLicense :wnsense "licence3n", "license1n" ; :wordnet "licence", "license" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CommercialUseLicense' is a ''Permission'' to use a Patent or Copyright for commercial use, usually in return for paying a fee called a ''royalty'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'license' in WordNet: 1. (4) license, licence, permit - (a legal document giving official permission to do something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Permission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Licensee ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ] . :Commercially :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Commercial ; :wnsense "commercially1adv" ; :wordnet "commercially" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Commercially'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions that are associated with a ''CommercialActivity''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'commercially' in Wordnet: 1. (6) commercially - (in a commercial manner; 'the product is commercially available') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Commission :wnsense "commission1n" ; :wordnet "commission" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Commission'' is a ''Committee'' that was created for a specific purpose, as by some Organization as a ''Suborganization'. The difference from a ''Committee'' is that a ''Commission'' must be created as a Suborganization whereas a ''Committee'' can be created ad hoc by any group of people. RHW ;commision sense 8: . a group of persons authoritatively charged with particular functions: a parks commission. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'commission' in WordNet: 1. (27) committee, commission - (a special group delegated to consider some matter; 'a committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours' - Milton Berle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Committee, :Suborganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommissionMember ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Commission-Fee :wnsense "commission2n" ; :wordnet "commission" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that a ''Commission-Fee'' may have a percentage value as an instance. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commission' in WordNet: 2. (1) commission - (a fee for services rendered based on a percentage of an amount received or collected or agreed to be paid (as distinguished from a salary); 'he works on commission') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoneyMeasure . :CommissionMember :wnsense "commissioner2n" ; :wordnet "commissioner" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommissionMember'' is a ''Person'' who is a member of a ''Commission''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commissioner' in WordNet: 2. commissioner - (a member of a commission) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Commission ] . :CommissionedOfficer :guid "c0486a78-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "commissioned officer1n" ; :wordnet "commissioned officer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all commissioned officers in military services. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commissioned officer' in WordNet: 1. commissioned officer - (a military officer holding a commission) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryOfficer . :Commissioner :wnsense "commissioner1n" ; :wordnet "commissioner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Commissioner'' is an Administrator of a government division (bureau, adinistration) that is termed a 'commision'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commissioner' in WordNet: 1. (5) commissioner - (a government administrator) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Administrator, :Leader . :Commitment :FIBO "Commitment" ; :en "commitment" ; :wnsense "allegiance1n", "commitment2n", "commitment3n", "dedication5n", "loyalty3n" ; :wordnet "allegiance", "commitment", "dedication", "loyalty" ; a :MentalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Commitment'' is a potentially weak form of *mutual* promise between two parties that is not necessarily legally binding, which can be created by an ''Agreement'' FIBO note: 'Commitment' is a concept in the FIBO ontology with no direct correlate in COSMO. This appears to be a 'legally binding' promise, but not a contract. IT is unclear from FIBO documentation what concept in US law corresponds to this. NOTE that in COSMO 'commitment' has a special meaning derived from FIBO, which includes some degree of reciprocality, so is not a parent of ''Pledging''. This may need to be changed to include the more general meaning of 'commitment'. (skos:editorialNote)The undertaking by some party to act or refrain from acting results in an obligation on the part of that party, and usually results in the existence of some corresponding right on the party of some other party, in the event that the commitment is to such party. Thus Obligations and Rights are considered as reciprocal aspects of this Commitment concept. (skos:definition)A legal construct which represents the undertaking on the part of some party to act or refrain from acting in some manner. COSMO note: But if not a *mutual* promise with valid consideration on both sides, would this not be a 'nudum pactum'? Most closely corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commitment' in Wordnet: 2. (2) commitment, allegiance, loyalty, dedication - (the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action; 'his long commitment to public service'; 'they felt no loyalty to a losing team') 3. (1) commitment - (an engagement by contract involving financial obligation; 'his business commitments took him to London') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement, :Promise . :Committed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :DedicatingOneself ; :wnsense "committed1adj" ; :wordnet "committed" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Committed'' is the attribute of a Person that has 'dedicated him/herself' to some Person, Cause or Activity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'committed' in Wordnet: 1. (3) committed - (bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude; 'committed church members'; 'a committed Marxist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Committee :ldoce "committee" ; :wnsense "committee1", "committee2" ; :wordnet "committee" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Organization that has a relatively small number of members, organized to deal with a specific Issue. If it is part of a larger Organization. it is represented as the subtype ''Commission'. The difference between a ''Committee'' and the subtype ''Commission'' is that a ''Commission'' must be created as a ''Suborganization whereas a ''Committee'' can be created ad hoc by any group of people. Includes sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'committee' in WordNet: 1. (16) committee, commission - (a special group delegated to consider some matter; 'a committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours' - Milton Berle) 2. (1) committee, citizens committee - (a self-constituted organization to promote something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :CommitteeChairman :guid "bd679c79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chairman1n" ; :wordnet "chairman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChairPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Committee ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :CommitteeTask :ldoce "job" ; :wnsense "job2n", "task1n" ; :wordnet "job", "task" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommitteeTask'' is some ''Task'' that is expected to be addressed by some committee or other group, and is expected to be discussed at a ''FormalMeeting''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'job' in WordNet: 2. (15) job, task, chore - (a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee; 'estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars'; 'the job of repairing the engine took several hours'; 'the endless task of classifying the samples'; 'the farmer's morning chores') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Task . :Committing :eng "committing" ; :wnsense "commitment4n", "dedication3n" ; :wordnet "commitment", "dedication" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO; Instances of this Class commit the agent to some future course, but with less strength and formality than the subtype ''MakingaPromise''. For example, Bob told Susan that he would be home by 11pm. See also ''Commitment''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'commitment' in WordNet: 4. commitment, dedication - (a message that makes a pledge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication . :CommittingAnAction :en "flagrante delicto", "pull off" ; :wnsense "commit1v", "perpetrate1v", "pull5v" ; :wordnet "commit", "perpetrate", "pull" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CommittingAnAction'' is a ''PerformingSomeAction'' in which the action performed is something ''Bad'' (often a crime). Therefore this type of Action is always used to represent doing ''Bad'' things. RHW 'flagrante delicto': in the very act of committing the offense. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'commit' in WordNet: 1. (12) perpetrate, commit, pull - (perform an act, usually with a negative connotation; 'perpetrate a crime'; 'pull a bank robbery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerformingSomeAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bad ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CommoditiesExchange :wnsense "commodities exchange1n", "commodities market1n", "commodity exchange1n" ; :wordnet "commodities exchange", "commodities market", "commodity exchange" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommoditiesExchange'' is a 'SecuritiesExchange'' where contracts for delivery of ''CommodityProduct''s can be bought and sold. certain items of value such as stocks, bonds or commodities can be traded. This ''Place'' is typically managed by some Organization such as the 'Chicago Board of Trade', which may manage a Physicalexchangea as well as a VirtualExchange. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commodities exchange' in WordNet: 1. commodity exchange, commodities exchange, commodities market - (an exchange for buying and selling commodities for future delivery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SecuritiesExchange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :Commodity :en "commodities", "commodity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Commodity'' is a Product that is Substance or Object for which the right of ownership is traded on a 'commodities market' - in the form ofcontracts for delivery of some quantity of that commodity - by weight or volume - at some point in the future. This is one of the things traded in 'futures markets'. RHW 'commodity': 3. Stock Exchange. any unprocessed or partially processed good, as grain, fruits, and vegetables, or precious metals. * Also crude oil, pork bellies, and other metals. No WN sense precisely matches this. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Product . :CommodityProduct :guid "bd58927b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type represents as a 'substance' multiple numbers of certain PhysicalObjects which are distributed and sold in quantities that can be divided. This type is used to allow recognition of the 'substance-like' character of multiple numbers of objects that can be treated individually. There is a fuzzy border between objects like onions that are often sold in multiple quantities but are also handled as individual objects, and sand, which it rarely handled as individual objects. 'Onions' is a subtype of this category, but 'Sand' is not, being represented (as 'Sand') in a different ('natural') branch of the Substance hierarchy. This also includes certain metals that are traded on the commodities market; although they are packaged in certain units of PhysicalObjects (Gold or silver bars, ingots of iron) they are sold by weight and Cyc: Commodities are those products for which the only relevant data are the quantity and the price (and possibly the location). That is, their quality is completely specified or describable in standardized terminology. Thus, fashion clothing is not a commodity, since opinions on it vary, whereas grade A extra large eggs are. The collection of all eggs is covered by various collections that are commodities, but is not itself an instance of commodity.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistingStuffType . :Common :isTheOppositeOf :Salient, :Unusual ; :ldoce "common", "familiar", "frequent", "ordinary" ; :wnsense "common2adj", "familiar2adj", "frequent2adj", "ordinary1adj", "ordinary2adj" ; :wordnet "common", "familiar", "frequent", "ordinary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - usually events, objects, or situations, but also of other types (e.g. time of occurence of some repeating event) - that are **not unusual** and too common (at least for its type) to be considered notable; synonyms: everyday, common, ordinary, unremarkable; for events, 'routine' and 'usual' would convey a similar meaning - see the subtype 'Routine'. Representing the meanings of the component senses will require FOL expressiveness. Corresponds to senses 4 and 5 of 'common' in RHW, modifying both objects and Events: 4. widespread; general; ordinary: common knowledge. 5. of frequent occurrence; usual; familiar: a common event; a common mistake. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'common' and sense 2 of 'familiar' and senses 1 and 2 of 'ordinary' in WordNet: WN 'common': 2. (15) common - (having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual; 'the common man'; 'a common sailor'; 'the common cold'; 'a common nuisance'; 'followed common procedure'; 'it is common knowledge that she lives alone'; 'the common housefly'; 'a common brand of soap') WN 'familiar' 2. (2) familiar - (within normal everyday experience; common and ordinary; not strange; 'familiar ordinary objects found in every home'; 'a familiar everyday scene'; 'a familiar excuse'; 'a day like any other filled with familiar duties and experiences') WN 'ordinary' 1. (38) ordinary - (not exceptional in any way especially in quality or ability or size or degree; 'ordinary everyday objects'; 'ordinary decency'; 'an ordinary day'; 'an ordinary wine') 2. (4) average, ordinary - (lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered; 'average people'; 'the ordinary (or common) man in the street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Common-Law :pertainsTo :CommonLaw ; :wnsense "common-law1adj" ; :wordnet "common-law" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Common-Law'' is an attribute that pertains to the ''CommonLaw'' and to cases or situations controlled by or specified in the CommonLaw, such as 'common-law' marriage. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'common-law' in Wordnet: 1. common-law - (based on common law; 'a common-law right') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CommonCarrier :wnsense "carrier5n", "common carrier1n" ; :wordnet "carrier", "common carrier" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CommonCarrier' is an Organization or Person that provides transportation service to people, or for carrying freight, in return for payment. The Wikipedia description fits this type: 'A common carrier in common law countries (corresponding to a public carrier in civil law systems, usually called simply a carrier) is a person or company that transports goods or people for any person or company and that is responsible for any possible loss of the goods during transport.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'common carrier' in WordNet: 1. carrier, common carrier - (a person or firm in the business of transporting people or goods or messages) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, :ServiceProvider, :TransportationCompany . :CommonEndeavor :en "common endeavor" ; :enn "common endeavor" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommonEndeavor'' is an ''Endeavor'' performed by some ''Group'' of two or more People (a ''GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople''). The people participatingn this ''ComonEndeavor'' may be working directl with each other ('collaborating'), or working independently toward the same goal of doing the same kind of novel thing. This activity can be in science, technology, or art, or any FieldOfStudy that can acquire new knowledge. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingThingsTogether, :Endeavor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :CommonFolk :wnsense "common people1n", "folk1n", "folks2n" ; :wordnet "common people", "folk", "folks" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''CommonFolk'' is a ''SocialGroup'' that form the majority ' of the population in some GeopoliticalEntity, and mostly excludes the intellectual, fnnancial and social 'elites'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'common people' in WordNet: 1. (14) folk, folks, common people - (people in general (often used in the plural); 'they're just country folk'; 'folks around here drink moonshine'; 'the common people determine the group character and preserve its customs from one generation to the next') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Majority, :Role, :SocialGroup . :CommonLaw :wnsense "case law1n", "common law1n", "precedent2n" ; :wordnet "case law", "common law", "precedent" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CommonLaw'' is a form of ''Jurisprudence'' that concerns itself with the etablishment of laws by precedent as contrasted with 'civil law' where the law is stricty interpreted according to statute. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'common law' in WordNet: 1. (1) case law, precedent, common law - ((civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Jurisprudence . :CommonMan :wnsense "common man1n", "commoner1n" ; :wordnet "common man", "commoner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CommonMan'' is aPerson (of any sex or age) who is not among ''TheElite'' or otherwise within some distinctive Group of people. Someone who is not distinguished by some special characteristic (in some context). RHW: 'a common person, as distinguished from one with rank, status, etc.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commoner' in WordNet: 1. (1) commoner, common man, common person -- (a person who holds no title) (the common people generally; 'separate the warriors from the mass'; 'power to the people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheMasses ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Commonality :en "having a common attribute", "having something in common" ; :isTheNominalFormOf :Similar ; :takesValue :Similar ; :wnsense "commonality2n", "commonness4n" ; :wordnet "commonality", "commonness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Commonality'' is the PersistentState of a Group that has *something* in common. This also implies that there is some kind of ''Similarity'' between members of the Group. The ''SimilarityGroup'' is pointed to by the parent ''Similarity''. The difference between this and parent ''Similarity'' is not yet specified. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commonality' in WordNet: 2. commonality, commonness - (sharing of common attributes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, :Similarity . :Communal :pertainsTo :Commune, :Community, :GovernmentalCommune ; :wnsense "communal1adj", "communal2adj" ; :wordnet "communal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Communal'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to a ''Community'' of some type. NOTE: the type of community this refers to can be determined in general only by analysis if the context of usage of the term. This may be possible to do automatically, and if so, it may be possible to distinguish subattributes logically. Perhaps the degree of organization of the group? For the ''GovernmentalCommune'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'communal' in Wordnet: 1. (2) communal - (for or by a group rather than individuals; 'dipping each his bread into a communal dish of stew'- Paul Roche; 'a communal settlement in which all earnings and food were shared'; 'a group effort') 2. (1) communal - (relating to a small administrative district or community; 'communal elections in several European countries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Commune :wnsense "commune2n" ; :wordnet "commune" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Commune'' is an organized ''Assembly'' who live together in some location, consisting of one or more buidings, who share ownership of many or most of the non-personal items in the place of residence. This type is the GroupOfPeople; if formally organized, the people would form a subtype of ''CooperativeAssociation'' which would be related to the ''Commune'' by the relation ''hasAssociatedGroupType''.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commune' in WordNet: 2. (1) commune - (a body of people or families living together and sharing everything) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Village . :Communicated :en "communicated" ; :ened "communicated" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :InformationObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Communication ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Communicated'' is the attribute of an ''InformationObject'', that has been passed in any form from one Agent to one or more other Agents. The Agents could be computers or automatons performing prespecified procedures. This is not for 'communicating' a disease. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :CommunicatingInSignLanguage :eng "signing" ; :wnsense "sign7v" ; :wordnet "sign" ; a :ActionType, :LanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CommunicatingInSignLanguage'' is the Action of transferring information from Person to Person by means of ''SignLanguageGesturing''. This is not necessarily ''InPerson'', as it can be performed by a video link beween People using SignLanguage. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'sign' in WordNet: 7. sign - (communicate in sign language; \"I don't know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SignLanguageGesturing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :CommunicatingInWriting a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CommunicatingInWriting'' is an ''Action'' in which one Person produces a Physical document with some meaningful words and transmits it by some means (interoffice memeo, postal service) to another Person. This is for prodction of physical douments - the e-mail production is under ''EMailCommunication'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WrittenCommunication ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CommunicatingUsingADevice :guid "bf743bf4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subset of #$Communicating in which some instance of #$CommunicationDevice is used deliberately by the #$senderOfInfo in the communication. Examples include (#$UsingAFn #$Telephone), #$InternetCommunication, two-way radio communication, using a microphone on a stage, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication . :Communication :en "conveying information" ; :eng "communicating" ; :guid "bd589f07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "communicate1v", "communicate2v", "communicate5v", "communicating1n", "communication1n", "convey1v", "impart4v" ; :wordnet "communicate", "communicating", "communication", "convey", "impart" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The transfer of information from one or more IntentionalAgents or Automatons (e.g. automated communications devices) to one or more other IntentionalAgents. This is the ''Action'' of communicating. For the content of a ''Communication'' use ''Message''. NOTE that a Communication need not be linguistic, nor necessarily symbolic (such as gesturing). It can be an Action, such as putting on camouflage, that is intended to convey some information to another agent. So this is a broad range of actions, but there has to be an intention to convey information - inadvertently conveying information is not a Communication in this sense. The restriction requires that some InformationObject - an AbstractText or a Meaning - be specified as the content of the communication. If they are known, both the AbstractText and the propositional information content can be specified; the latter would use relation 'hasAbstractRepresentation'. NOTE that although Communication in SUMO is a SocialOccurence, in COSMO 'SocialOccurence' is restricted to humans, while Communication can be accomplished also by non-human IntentionalAgents. Some subtypes of Communication will be SocialOccurrences. COSMO NOTE: that 'Communication' in COSMO is a subtype of 'InformationTransferEvent' in which some IntelligentAgent must be the intented recipient. Not every creation of an Information BearingThing (IBT) is a 'Communication', but jotting a note for one's own purposes is a Communication, even if no one else is intended to see it, because there is an intended recipient - but the creator and recipient are the same agent. Communication(SUMO) communication-event(DOLCE) SUMO: ('Communication') A SocialInteraction that involves the transfer of information between two or more CognitiveAgents. Note that Communication is closely related to, but essentially different from, ContentDevelopment. The latter involves the creation or modification of a ContentBearingObject, while Communication is the transfer of information for the purpose of conveying a message. SUMO partitions 'Communication' into: Stating Supposing Directing Committing Expressing Declaring. SUMO: relatedInternalConcept Communication ContentDevelopment. Called 'locutionary act' by William Frank (2018) In Cyc called 'Communicating': Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction and characterized by one or more #$InformationTransferEvent sub-events. Each instance of #$Communicating is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions - and winning - of the game are focal). Since #$Communicating is a specialization of #$PurposefulAction, each #$Communicating event must be intentional on the part of the #$communicatorOfInfo; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the #$infoCommunicatedTo role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of #$Communicating. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not #$Communicating; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an #$Eavesdropping. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. #$CommunicationAct-Single, #$MultiDirectionalCommunication). Every event belonging to #$Communicating contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from #$Communicating, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., #$AudioCommunicating, #$NonVerbalCommunicating, #$FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating); by the type of information involved (e.g., #$MakingAnAgreement); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., #$Teaching, #$Negotiating); by the agents involved (e.g., #$IntraOrganizationCommunication, #$StageProduction). Examples of #$Communicating include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket - all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. NOTE: sense 5 should be subtype 'verbally'. @ToDo Includes senses 1, 2, and 5 of 'communicate' and noun sense 1 of 'communication' in WordNet: 1. (9) communicate, pass on, pass, pass along, put across - (transmit information ; 'Please communicate this message to all employees'; 'pass along the good news') 2. (8) communicate, intercommunicate - (transmit thoughts or feelings; 'He communicated his anxieties to the psychiatrist') 5. communicate - (be in verbal contact; interchange information or ideas; 'He and his sons haven't communicated for years'; 'Do you communicate well with your advisor?') WN noun 'communication': 1. (26) communication, communicating - (the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information; 'they could not act without official communication from Moscow') WN verb 'convey': 1. (9) convey, impart - (make known; pass on, of information) official communication from Moscow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationTransferEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :CommunicationAct-Single :guid "bd589e83-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of #$Communicating. Each instance of #$CommunicationAct-Single is a single-source transmission of information from _one_ sender (see the predicate #$senderOfInfo) to one or more recipients (see the predicate #$recipientOfInfo). Every instance of #$CommunicationAct-Single has a transmission sub-event (which is an instance of #$IBTGeneration) and one or more reception sub-events (which are instances of #$AccessingAnIBT). An instance of #$CommunicationAct-Single starts when its transmission sub-event starts and ends when its accessing sub-event(s) end.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication . :CommunicationConvention a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of conventions used to encode and interpret things which bear information; a syntax together with a semantic mapping. Instances include natural languages like French or English, database data formats, and computer languages or idiosyncratic systems of gestures or symbols known only by a small group of people.""" ; rdfs:label "CommunicationConvention[Cyc]" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-encoding-system . :CommunicationDevice :guid "c02c88c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that ''MediaTransmitting'' here represents any form of communication of Information,that requires a Device to send and one to receive. CYC:The subcollection of #$PhysicalDevice that contains all instances that are intended to be the #$deviceUsed in a #$Communicating (one way or bidirectional). Examples include #$RadioReceiver, #$Telephone, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device, :DurableGood, :HumanScaleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MediaTransmitting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :CommunicationProtocol :guid "bd589f71-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "communications protocol1n", "protocol1n" ; :wordnet "communications protocol", "protocol" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: The collection of #$CommunicationConventions which are actual standards or protocols; for example, #$TCP-IP. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communications protocol' in WordNet: 1. protocol, communications protocol - ((computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationConvention, :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Communication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :CommunicationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CommunicationType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Communication as their argument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :CommunicationsChannel :wnsense "channel5n", "communication channel1n", "line21n" ; :wordnet "channel", "communication channel", "line" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommunicationsChannel'' is any ''Path-Generic'', physical or abstract, over which information can be transmitted. This can consist of a telephone or coax cable line (a physical object) an optical cable, a band of frequecies allocated by a governmental agency (a mental object) or a procedure (a mental object) for transmitting information in any form, such as documents or word of mouth, from one agent to another with or without a chain of intermediaries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communication channel' in WordNet: 5. channel, communication channel, line - ((often plural) a means of communication or access; 'it must go through official channels'; 'lines of communication were set up between the two firms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MediumOfCommunication, :Path-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :Communication ] . :CommunicationsLine :wnsense "channel1n", "line21n", "transmission channel1n" ; :wordnet "channel", "line", "transmission channel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommunicationsLine'' is a ''TransmittingDevice'' which is a PhysicalObject that facilitates the transmission of information from one location to another, together with the protocols that divide the capacity of the line into multiple usable 'channels'. The physical part can be of any type of Physicalobject - a copper telephone line, an Optical Cable, or a pneumatic tube in a department store allowing transmission of documents from point to point NOTE: power transmission line is a ''PowerTransmissionLine''. Includes but is broader than sense 9 of 'line' and sense 1 of 'channel' in WordNet: 9. (9) cable, line, transmission line - (a conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power) WN noun 'channel' sense 1: 1. (4) channel, transmission channel - (a path over which electrical signals can pass; 'a channel is typically what you rent from a telephone company') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationsChannel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :Communication ] . :CommunicationsSatellite :guid "c0767c82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "communications satellite1n" ; :wordnet "communications satellite" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all artificial satellites (#$Satellite-Device) which are designed for facillitating communications between locations on the #$PlanetEarth by receiving radio transmissions and retransmitting them for reception on Earth. Individual signals may come from or be transmitted to other satellites, they do not need to be solely with ground stations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communications satellite' in WordNet: 1. communications satellite - (an artificial satellite that relays signals back to earth; moves in a geostationary orbit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSatellite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :orbits ] . :CommunicationsTopic a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CommunicationsTopic' is a Topic that includes and points to methods, purposes, forms, and instruments used in commmunication, as well as any other communications-related Topics. See 'CommunicationsEvent' and 'CommunicatingUsingaDevice' and 'CommunicationDevice' and its subclasses.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Topic . :Communicator :wnsense "communicator1n" ; :wordnet "communicator" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Communicator'' is a person who communicates some information (not necessarily factual) to some other agent(s) by any means. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communicator' in WordNet: 1. communicator - (a person who communicates with others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Communion :wnsense "communion2n", "sharing3n" ; :wordnet "communion", "sharing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Communion'' is a ''SocialIntercourse'' that includes feelings of ''Togetherness'' among the participants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communion' in WordNet: 2. (3) communion, sharing - (sharing thoughts and feelings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialIntercourse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Togetherness ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Communism :wnsense "communism1n" ; :wordnet "communism" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :SystemType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Communism'' is the practice, not the theory. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'communism' in WordNet: 1. (35) communism - (a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Socialism . :Communist :wnsense "commie1n", "communist2n" ; :wordnet "commie", "communist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'communist' in WordNet: 2. (4) communist, commie - (a socialist who advocates communism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Socialist . :CommunistParty :guid "bd58b2cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Communist Party1n" ; :wordnet "Communist Party" ; a :OrganizationType, :PoliticalPartyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of political parties whose members hold the #$CommunistIdeology. SUMO: Any PoliticalParty that advocates for a CommunistState. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Communist Party' in WordNet: 1. Communist Party - (a political party that actively advocates a communist form of government; in Communist countries it is the sole political party of the state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalParty . :CommunistPartyMember :en "communist party member", "member of the communist party" ; :wnsense "Communist1n" ; :wordnet "Communist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommunistPartyMember'' is a member of the Communist Party. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Communist' in WordNet: 1. (7) Communist - (a member of the communist party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Politician, :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communism ; owl:onProperty :supportsProposition ] . :Community :wnsense "community2n" ; :wordnet "community" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SocialGroup having some social characteristics in common, such as common beliefs or common interests. This includes intellectual and scientific 'communities'. corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'community' in WordNet: 2. (8) community - (a group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common; 'the Christian community of the apostolic age'; 'he was well known throughout the Catholic community') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGroup . :Community-based :en "community-based" ; :enadj "community-based" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :HumanActivity ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Community-based'' is an Attribute of ''HumanActivity''s that involve a 'community' ofmore than a few people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shared . :CommunityOfInterest :en "community of interest", "tribe" ; :wnsense "community2n", "community5n" ; :wordnet "community" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommunityOfInterest'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that have common views on certain isues, and in certain situations form a tight-knit group to support of oppose actions or policies perceived as beneficial or detrimental to the group. Because these group behave in some ways like close-knit ''Tribe''s in opposing other such groups, they are often refered to metaphorically as 'tribes' and their actions and interests referred to as 'tribal'. The metaphorical use of'tribe' for these groups is so common in discussing political interest groups it is included here though not in WN. Includes noun senses 2 and 5 of 'community' in WordNet: 2. (8) community - (a group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common; 'the Christian community of the apostolic age'; 'he was well known throughout the Catholic community') 5. (2) profession, community - (the body of people in a learned occupation; 'the news spread rapidly through the medical community') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Community, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAnInterestIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :TopicType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tribal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Commuter :guid "a8e118c6-2f38-41d8-8853-d48a514c49e9" ; :wnsense "commuter2n" ; :wordnet "commuter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The traveling of a ''Commuter' can be from Home anywhere, and to work anywhere, not necessarily from a suburb to a city. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'commuter' in WordNet: 2. (2) commuter - (someone who travels regularly from home in a suburb to work in a city) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommutingToWork ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :CommutingToWork :wnsense "commutation1n", "commute2v", "commuting1n" ; :wordnet "commutation", "commute", "commuting" ; a :ActionType, :RegularlyRepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CommutingToWork'' is a regularly repeated ''RoundTrip'' in which a Person travels to the ''WorkPlace'' where s/he usually works (not necessarily for pay) and then returns. This can be daily or at longer intervals, such as weekly. This is one round trip; a series of commutes ('travel back and forth') would be a different type. This is for commuting to work. A more general type of 'commute' would be a parent type (if needed). Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'commute' in WordNet: 2. (2) commute, travel back and forth - (travel back and forth regularly, as between one's place of work and home) WN noun 'commute': 1. commute - (a regular journey of some distance to and from your place of work; 'there is standing room only on the high-speed commute') WN noun 'commuting': 1. (2) commutation, commuting - (the travel of a commuter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoundTrip, :RoutineAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Workplace ; owl:onProperty :hasIntermediatePlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Home ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Commuter ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Comoros :wnsense "Comoros2n" ; :wordnet "Comoros" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Comoros' in WordNet: 1. Comoros, Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros - (a country on the Comoro Islands) """ . :Compact :wnsense "compact1n", "powder compact1n" ; :wordnet "compact", "powder compact" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Small case with a mirror and some cosmetic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compact' in Wordnet: 1. (1) compact, powder compact - (a small cosmetics case with a mirror; to be carried in a woman's purse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case-Container, :MakeupObject, :SmallObject . :Compacting :en "compacting" ; :ldoce "pack" ; :wnsense "compact2v", "compact3v", "compress1v", "pack3v" ; :wordnet "compact", "compress", "pack" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which an agent (which can be natural) causes some quantity of one or more materials to be compressed together into a smaller volume, but not necesarily by being placed in a container or package: to put things into a container or package (with or without compressing them) use 'Packing'. An act of compressing physical things *and* putting them into a container at the same time would be an instance of both 'Compacting' and 'Packing', represented in COSMO as 'StuffingThingsIntoaContainer'. NOTE: this is physically similar to ''VolumeCompression'' but unlike ''VolumeCompression'' does not require the application of pressure. NOTE: compacting is not necessarily irreversible, but for just folding things up or collapsing artifacts designed to be collapsible, use parent type ''MakingSomethingMoreCompact'' or ''Folding'' or ''Collapsing''. @ToDoFOL: need a rule to specify that the convex hull of the set of objects compacted must have a smaller volume after the compacting Event. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'compact' and sense 1 of 'compress' and sense 3 of 'pack in WordNet: 2. pack, bundle, wad, compact - (compress into a wad; 'wad paper into the box') 3. compress, compact, pack together - (make more compact by or as if by pressing; 'compress the data') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bending, :ComingTogether, :MakingSomethingMoreCompact, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial . :Companion :ldoce "companion" ; :wnsense "companion1n" ; :wordnet "companion" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of an ''Accompanier'' (an ''Acquaintance'') who accompanies a Person while doing things, **more than once** and not for some short interval, as would a Tour Guide. This is broadly interpreted for Companions that are not intimate as well as those that are, including married couples. Not necessarily a ''Friend''. See also 'Companionship'. For those who frequently associate with others in a friendly way, use 'Comrade'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'Companion' in WordNet: 1. (25) companion, comrade, fellow, familiar, associate - (a person who is frequently in the company of another; 'drinking companions'; 'comrades in arms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accompanier . :Companionship :isPerformedBy :Companion ; :wnsense "companionship1n", "company3n", "fellowship2n" ; :wordnet "companionship", "company", "fellowship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Companionship' is the PersistentState of living while having some 'Companion' with whom one can share thoughts. This state can last any length of time, from minutes toa lifetime, as long as it generates some ''Pleasure'' derived from the presence of the ''Companon''s. See also 'Companion'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'companionship' in WordNet: 1. (1) company, companionship, fellowship, society - (the state of being with someone; 'he missed their company'; 'he enjoyed the society of his friends') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :Living, :PersonalCircumstances, :SocialState . :Company-Guests :ldoce "company" ; :wnsense "company6n" ; :wordnet "company" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of one or more Guests, usually scheduled to stay for some limited time less than one day. Often they are present for a social gathering. This is more general than the WordNet sense 6, and overlaps somewhat with 'Guest'. Corresponds approximately to sense 6 of 'company' in WordNet: 6. (12) company - (a social gathering of guests or companions; 'the house was filled with company when I arrived') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Attendee ] . :Company-Military :ldoce "company" ; :wnsense "company4n" ; :wordnet "company" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Company-Military is a Company of soldiers. This corresponds to sense 4 of 'company' in WordNet: 4. (54) company - (small military unit; usually two or three platoons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmyUnit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Army ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ] . :CompanyPaidHealthInsurance :en "company paid health insurance" ; :enn "company paid health insurance" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CompanyPaidHealthInsurance'' is a ''HealthInsurance'' paid for by an Employer as one form of ''FringeBenefit''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FringeBenefit, :HealthInsurance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Employer ; owl:onProperty :isObtainedFrom ] . :Comparable :isTheOppositeOf :Different ; :wnsense "comparable2adj", "corresponding3adj", "like4adj" ; :wordnet "comparable", "corresponding", "like" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Comparable'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that is narrower than 'similar' in that the degree of similarity of the entities compared is greater due to a 'similarity' in more than one attribute. NOTE that the WN gloss says 'conforming in *every* respect'; use of this attribute does not require that close a similarity; that can be accomplished by using 'closely comparable' or 'identical'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'comparable' in Wordnet: 2. (1) comparable, corresponding, like - (conforming in every respect; 'boxes with corresponding dimensions'; 'the like period of the preceding year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Similar . :Comparative :pertainsTo :Comparison ; :wnsense "comparative2adj" ; :wordnet "comparative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Comparative'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Comparison'' or to ''Comparing''one thing to another, indicating that within that comparison the thing described belongs to the type modified.. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'comparative' in Wordnet: 2. (4) comparative - (having significance only in relation to something else; 'a comparative newcomer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ComparativeAdjective :wnsense "comparative1n" ; :wordnet "comparative" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The comparative form of an Adjective. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comparative' in WordNet: 1. comparative - (the comparative form of an adjective; \" 'better' is the comparative of 'good' \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjective . :ComparativeAttributeValue a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComparativeAttributeValue'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that expresses the notion that the thing modified has *more* of some attribute that some other, *or* more than the typical of its kind. This is for the comparative *forms* of attributeValues. See also ''ComparativeAttribute'' for attribute values that are explicitly in comparison to some reference type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ComparativeFeature :en "long legs" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComparativeFeature'' can be any Object for which a QualitativeAttribute is asserted that asserts a magnitude for some attribute that is greater or less than the *typical* value for the same attribute (usually describing some physical part or type of activity) for some comparison group of Things of which the subject is a member or subtype. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfComparison ] . :ComparativeMagnitude a :AttributeValueType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ComparativeMagnitude' is an AttributeValue of an 'AttributeComparison' that expresses how some commensurate AttributeValue of two differnt entities compare to each other, without using numerical measures. This can be used to express that some attribute on one object is greater (or 'more' or 'less' or 'TheSame') compared to the commensurate attribute of another object. For alternative ways to express comparison, the relations 'isMoreThanByQuantity'; 'greaterThan'; and 'isLessThanByQuantity' could be used. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :VerbalQuantifier . :Comparatively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Comparative ; :wnsense "comparatively1adv", "relatively1adv" ; :wordnet "comparatively", "relatively" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Comparatively'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Adjective suggesting that the adjective is to be taken as true only in comparison to something else; 'comparatively small person'. Similar in meaning as saying 'in comparison to ...' with the thing compared being understood, often the typical thing of its type. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'comparatively' in WordNet: 1. (7) relatively, comparatively - (in a relative manner; by comparison to something else; 'the situation is relatively calm now') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Comparing :guid "c09ffa0f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "compare" ; :wnsense "compare1v", "comparing1n", "comparison1n" ; :wordnet "compare", "comparing", "comparison" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of actions in which an agent compares two or more items. This may or may not be purely mental (comparing things in the mind only) or may include observations or measurements in order to compare things. SUMO: The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve comparing, relating, contrasting, etc. the properties of two or more Entities. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'compare' and noun sense 1 of 'comparing' in WordNet: 1. (62) compare - (examine and note the similarities or differences of; 'John compared his haircut to his friend's'; 'We compared notes after we had both seen the movie') WN noun 'comparing': 1. comparison, comparing - (examining resemblances or differences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DualObjectEvent, :Evaluating, :Scrutiny, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Comparison ] . :Comparison :ldoce "comparison" ; :wnsense "comparison2n" ; :wordnet "comparison" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Comparison' is an Assertion that is created by a Comparing Event. In a Comparison, the facts asserted are derived from some observation of the things being compared, though the agent doing the Comparing may not be the original observer. A Comparison can consist of one or more individual 'AttributeComparison's, each of which is structured as a List of arguments, among which are the identities of the two things being compared, called the subject and object, and the attribute being compared between the subject and object of the comparison. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'comparison' in WordNet: 2. (8) comparison - (relation based on similarities and differences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaluation, :Group, :RelationInstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Comparing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeComparison ] . :Compartment :wnsense "compartment1n", "compartment2n" ; :wordnet "compartment" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Region that is separated from other regions within an ArtifactObject for some purpose, whether designed that way by an IntelligentAgent or by an evolutionary process. This includes as subtypes the various 'cells' that may be for human habitation or part of a honeycomb, etc. The restriction requires that for every instance of 'Compartment' the PhysicalObject or PhysicalObjectType that bounds the compartment be specified. The ''Compartment'' may be open on one side. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'compartment' in WOrdNet: 1. (4) compartment - (a small space or subdivision for storage) 2. (1) compartment - (a partitioned section or separate room within a larger enclosed area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBoundedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Compass :guid "bd58d49e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToMeasure :OrientationMeasure ; :wnsense "compass1n" ; :wordnet "compass" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device used to find directions, especially one which uses a magnet to point to magnetic north (a #$MagneticCompass), or a gyroscope to point to true north (a #$GyroCompass). SUMO: A Device that indicates the direction of North. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compass' in Wordnet: 1. (3) compass - (navigational instrument for finding directions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingObject, :NavigationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrientationMeasure ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :CompassDirection-NSEW a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances of CompassDirection-NSEW is represented by either (1) one or more letters in sequence, taken from the set 'N', 'S', 'E', and 'W', meaning North, South, East, and West; or (2) one or more words in sequence, taken from 'north', 'south', 'east' or 'west', possibly with hyphens or s 'by. Examples: North Northeast NNE SouthBySouthwest """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure . :Compassionate :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Pity ; :wnsense "compassionate2adj" ; :wordnet "compassionate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'compassionate' in Wordnet: 2. compassionate - (showing or having compassion; 'heard the soft and compassionate voices of women') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sympathetic . :Compatible :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfPeople ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Coexistence ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PeacefulRelations ; :isTheOppositeOf :Incompatible ; :wnsense "compatible1adj", "compatible2adj" ; :wordnet "compatible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Compatible'' is an attribute of people or other animals that can live together harmoniously.. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'compatible' in Wordnet: 1. (6) compatible - (able to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combination; 'a compatible married couple'; 'her deeds were compatible with her ideology') 2. (1) compatible, sympathetic - (having similar disposition and tastes; 'a compatible married couple'; 'with their many similar tastes, he found her a most sympathetic companion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Compelling :en "coercing", "compelling", "forcing" ; :guid "c14f2174-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "force" ; :wnsense "coerce1v", "coercion1n", "coercion2n", "compel2v", "compulsion3n", "force1v", "force2v", "pressure1v", "squeeze4v" ; :wordnet "coerce", "coercion", "compel", "compulsion", "force", "pressure", "squeeze" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Compelling' is an Action of one agent that causes a second agent to do what the first agent wants, even when the second agent does not want to do it. Compelling implies some threat of punishment, which can be legal or illegal. Though MakingaRule has some of the same meaning of causing somebody to do something, it may be merely an *attempt* to cause someone to do something, and may not have the intended effect. This type of 'Compelling' is for Actions that actually result in someone else doing what is demanded. NOTE: 'persuading' a person by verbal argument without threat of force is represened by ''PersuadingToAct''. Linguistically, when X performs a 'Compelling' action A1 that compels (forces) Y to do A2, the Agents X and Y involved will be represented as arguments in the Actions A1 and A2. In CYC called 'CoercingAnAgent' A collection of #$Actions; a specialization of #$InfluencingAnAgent. A paradigm example of coercion is influencing an agent's behavior through a successful (implicit or explicit) threat. Corresponds to both verb senses 1 and 2 of 'compel' and senses 1 and 2 of 'force' and sense 1 of 'coerce' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'coercion' and noun sense 3 of 'compulsion' in WordNet (these senses are difficult to distinguish, but WordNet 'make' includes a lesser degree of compulsion than is represented by this type) in WordNet: WN 'compel' 2. (5) command, require, compel - (make someone do something) WN 'force' 1. (48) coerce, hale, squeeze, pressure, force - (to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means :'She forced him to take a job in the city'; 'He squeezed her for information') 2. (17) impel, force - (urge or force (a person) to an action; constrain or motivate) WN noun 'coercion': 1. coercion - (the act of compelling by force of authority) 2. compulsion, coercion - (using force to cause something; 'though pressed into rugby under compulsion I began to enjoy the game'; 'they didn't have to use coercion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :CausingaPersonToAct, :ControllingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :inducedAgentToAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingAThreat ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Compendium :wnsense "collection2n", "compendium1n" ; :wordnet "collection", "compendium" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compendium' in WordNet: 1. collection, compendium - (a publication containing a variety of works) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :InformationStore, :PublishedMaterial . :Compensating :en "compensating" ; :wnsense "compensate2v", "compensate4v", "compensate5v", "compensate6v" ; :wordnet "compensate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Compensating'' is a ''ReciprocalAction'' in which the thing given back is approximately of equal monetary value to the thing originally given that motivates the reimbursement. The thing given back can be of any type. For a 'Compensating' that gives money in return, use ''Reimbursing''. \"wasTransferredInEvent\" Includes verb senses 2, 4, 5, and 6 of 'compensate' in Wordnet: 2. (1) compensate, recompense, repair, indemnify - (make amends for; pay compensation for; 'One can never fully repair the suffering and losses of the Jews in the Third Reich'; 'She was compensated for the loss of her arm in the accident') 4. right, compensate, redress, correct - (make reparations or amends for; 'right a wrongs done to the victims of the Holocaust') 5. pay, pay off, make up, compensate - (do or give something to somebody in return; 'Does she pay you for the work you are doing?') 6. compensate, recompense, remunerate - (make payment to; compensate; 'My efforts were not remunerated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReciprocalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Compensation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ] . :Compensation :wnsense "compensation1n" ; :wordnet "compensation" ; a :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Compensation'' is a ''ValuableThing'' (e.g. object or service) given in a ''Compensating'' event. The ''ValuableThing'' for which this is a ''Compensation'' is specified by the relation 'wasaQuidForQuo''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compensation' in Wordnet: 1. (6) compensation - (something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a service or loss or injury)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuidProQuo, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Compensating ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaQuidForQuo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThing :ValuableThingType ) ] ] . :Competence :guid "bd58ade0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "competence1n", "competency1n" ; :wordnet "competence", "competency" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Competence''is an AgentCapability that is not inborn and is created by a process (one or more Actions) of 'LearningHowToDoSomething'. This is not quite as high a level as ''Skill''. CYC: One of the most general attributes for describing the level of skill with which an agent performs some task. Knowledge enterers will usually want to use some more specific attribute. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'competence' in WordNet: 1. (7) competence, competency - (the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability . :CompetenceGroup :en "competence group", "group of skills" ; :enn "competence group", "group of skills" ; a :CapabilityType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CompetenceGroup''is a Group of ''Competence''s that provide skill in more than one traditional area of competence. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Competence ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Competent :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :Competence ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inexperienced ; :wnsense "competent1adj" ; :wordnet "competent" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ In COSMO 'Competent; is not quite as skillful as ''Skilled'' the subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'competent' in Wordnet: 1. (7) competent - (properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient; 'a competent typist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Able, :Good, :Personality . :Competing :en "competing" ; :wnsense "compete1v", "contend4v", "vie1v" ; :wordnet "compete", "contend", "vie" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Competing'' is the Action that *individual* contestants in a ''Competition'' do. This is for any kind of competition, including foot races for individual people, car races for vehicles driven by people, business competition between businesses, and animal reaces such as dog races. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'compete' in WordNet: 1. (24) compete, vie, contend - (compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Competition ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WinningaContest ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :Competition :guid "bd58801a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "compete", "competition", "race" ; :wnsense "competition2n", "competition3n", "contest1n", "contest2n", "race1n" ; :wordnet "competition", "contest", "race" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a 'Competition' is not a life-or-death struggle like a war, but a less significant ConflictEvent in which someone wins a prize, however trivial, but no one loses anything of material value that they had before the Competition; all sports games and board games are included provided that there are no stakes involved. Debates are also included. Gambling is not included (use 'Gambling'). For conflicts where someone loses something (other than Gambling) , use 'ConflictEvent' or some other specialization. An individual copetitor can be specified by the relation 'hasCompetingAgent'; the whole list of competitors can be specified by the relation 'hasCompetitors' - pointing to a Group of IntentionalAgents. NOTe that this type represents the whole Event of a''Competition'' including all of the competing agents. For the Action of individual agents in a ''Competition'' use ''Competing''. For the business sense, the case where one business gets a customer who had previously done business with someone else is also not interpreted as a 'loss' if the business gained is new, rather than (e.g.) the cancelling of a contract. The loss of a customer in a business competition should be represented by a different specialization of 'ConflictEvent'. This covers three of the senses of 'competition' in WordNet. 2. (4) contest, competition - (an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants) 3. (4) competition, contention, rivalry - (the act of competing as for profit or a prize; 'the teams were in fierce contention for first place') Cyc: A specialization of #$ConflictEvent. An instance of #$Competition is a conflict event that typically involves one or more agents who are each striving to attain a certain goal uniquely or to outdo the other competitors with respect to some game or task. Examples include arm wrestling contests, football games, fighting for prey, competitive courting, racing events, and spelling bees. Note that it is possible for the competitors in a competition to be unaware that a competition has been going on until after it is over (e.g. the first year a Best Restaurant in Town award is given out in a particular city). See also #$competingAgents. Includes noun senses 1,2, and 3 of 'competition' and verb sense 1 (the only sense) of 'compete' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'contest'in WordNet. Noun sense 1 of the term 'race' is defined in WordNet as 'any competition' - apparently the metaphorical use is very common, so it is included here. in WordNet: 2. (4) contest, competition - (an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants) 3. (4) competition, contention, rivalry - (the act of competing as for profit or a prize; 'the teams were in fierce contention for first place') WN verb 'compete' 1. (24) compete, vie, contend - (compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others) WN noun 'contest': 1. (8) contest, competition - (an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants) 2. (1) contest - (a struggle between rivals) WN noun 'race': 1. (249) race - (any competition; 'the race for the presidency') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Competing :ActionType ) ] ] . :CompetitionEntry :wnsense "entry4n", "submission1n" ; :wordnet "entry", "submission" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CompetitionEntry'' is a Person or other Object animate or inanimate that was 'entered' into a ''Competition' and is a ''Participant'' in that contest. NOTE: there are at least two senses of ''Entry'' that can be related to the WN sysnset 4 for 'entry', a Person enering into a competition and a manuscript submitted for publication. This is for contests and competitions. This includes 'grant poposals' submitted to some Organization that gives monetary support for projects such as research. An 'article' submitted for publication is represented by ''Submission''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'entry' in WordNet; this included 'entries' in sports competitions like horse races or foot races, or in spelling bees or aything can be 'entered' into a Competition of any kind for any prize: in WordNet: 4. (1) submission, entry - (something (manuscripts or architectural plans and models or estimates or works of art of all genres etc.) submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition); 'several of his submissions were rejected by publishers'; 'what was the date of submission of your proposal?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericParticipant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Competition :GameType :SportType ) ] ] . :Competitive :isaValueOf :PersonalityTrait ; :ldoce "competitive" ; :wnsense "competitive3adj" ; :wordnet "competitive" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Competitive' is an AttributeValue of an animal that is more than average incliued to compete (rather than cooperate) with others, or enjoys competition. , i.e. . This attribute may apply only for a short time or in a specific situation, as during a competition. However, it may also be used to characterize an animal's (or person's) habitual mode of behavior in some types of situation. This applies to sports, commercial transactions, or other forms of interaction. This corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'fierce' in WordNet: 3. (1) competitive, militant - (showing a fighting disposition; 'highly competitive sales representative'; 'militant in fighting for better wages for workers'; 'his self-assertive and ubiquitous energy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Competitiveness :wnsense "competitiveness1n", "fight5n" ; :wordnet "competitiveness", "fight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'competitiveness' in WordNet: 1. competitiveness, fight - (an aggressive willingness to compete; 'the team was full of fight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Competitive ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Competitor :ldoce "competitor" ; :wnsense "challenger1n", "competition4n", "competitor1n", "rival1n" ; :wordnet "challenger", "competition", "competitor", "rival" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Competitor' is one of the 'Contestant's in a specific ConflictEvent that is opposing another **in that same ConflictEvent**, both of whom are ''Contestant''s. This Role is a Contestant ***from the point of view of some other Contestant*** competing for the same goal in the competition. So each instance of this type is not just *some* Competitor, ut *my* competitor from another contestant's point of view. The restriction requires that the agent who views an instance of this type as a Competitor must be specified. This can be applied to business competitions as well as wars and sprts events. Note that all of the agents related by the ''isaCompetitorOf'' are playing the ''Competitor'' Role. NOTE: WN 'contender' is used for the more general Role of ''Contestant'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'competitor' in WordNet: 1. (7) rival, challenger, competitor, competition, contender - (the contestant you hope to defeat; 'he had respect for his rivals'; 'he wanted to know what the competition was doing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contestant, :Opponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaCompetitorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Competitor ] . :CompetitorQuartet :en "four competitors" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CompetitorQuartet'' is a Group of four ''Competitors'' such as play in the ''SemifinalTournamentRound'' of an ''EliminationTournament''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competitors, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Competitor ; owl:maxCardinality "4" ; owl:minCardinality "4" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Competitors :en "competitors" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Competitors is a Group of Agents that are all participating in the same Competition and are attempting to attain a goal that can only be attained by one. There is at least one winner and at least one loser (unless the competition results in a tie). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentGroup, :IntentionalAgent, :PluralThing, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Competitor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Compiler :guid "bd58f291-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "compiler2n", "compiling program1n" ; :wordnet "compiler", "compiling program" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ProgrammingLanguageImplementation. Each instance of #$Compiler is a program that converts another program from some source language (or programming language) to machine language (object code). Some compilers output assembly language which is then converted to machine language by a separate assembler. Cf. #$Interpreter-Computers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'compiler' in WordNet: 2. compiler, compiling program - ((computer science) a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :ComputerProgram, :Group . :CompilingSomething :wnsense "compile2v", "compose4v" ; :wordnet "compile", "compose" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for producing some Object by bringing together other objects - abstract or physical. For assembling a PhysicalObject by such a process use subtype ''Assembling''. For creating a 'Collection'' from Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'compile' in WordNet: 2. (3) compose, compile - (put together out of existing material; 'compile a list') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attaching, :Combining, :ComingTogether, :CreatingAnArtifact . :ComplainingAboutSomething :en "complaining", "griping", "kvetching" ; :guid "c7d55edc-1e6c-41d7-8586-c9880ad0ed85" ; :ldoce "complain", "complaint" ; :wnsense "complain1v", "complaint3n", "gripe1v", "kvetch1v", "kvetch2n" ; :wordnet "complain", "complaint", "gripe", "kvetch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Verbally expressing a 'Disapproval', usually with the intention of causing the actor to cease doing the thing disapproved of, but sometimes (as with a ''Crybaby'') just complaining because one feels that something unfair has been done to him/her. NOTE that mere expression of disapproval is represented by 'ExpressingDisapproval'. To be an instance of this type, the verbal expression must be made to some person who can (or ithought to be able to) cause the offending act to cease. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'complain' and noun sense 3 of 'complaint' and verb sense 1 of 'gripe' in WordNet: 1. (29) complain, kick, plain, sound off, quetch, kvetch - (express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness; 'My mother complains all day'; 'She has a lot to kick about') WN noun 'complaint': 3. (1) complaint - (an expression of grievance or resentment) WN noun 'kvetch': 2. kvetch - ((Yiddish) a nagging complaint) WN verb 'gripe': 1. gripe, grouse, crab, beef, squawk, bellyache, holler - (complain; 'What was he hollering about?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Objecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Complaint ] . :Complaint :guid "f51209a6-9b57-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d0a8" ; :ldoce "complaint" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: A Complaint is a LinguisticAssertion which is the product of a Communication from one Agent to another in which the topic is the dissatisfaction of the first agent with something. Cyc: The illocutionary force associated with complaints. There is no clear synset representing the abstract rerpesentation of a 'complaint' in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Objection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComplainingAboutSomething ] . :Complement :wnsense "complement1n" ; :wordnet "complement" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Complement'' is a ''GrammaticalConstituent'' that is defined relative to another part of a ''GrammaticalConstituent'', that completes the Phrase. The WN sense is unclear whether the whole Phrase that gets completed is a whole sentence. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'complement' in WordNet: 1. (15) complement - (a word or phrase used to complete a grammatical construction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalConstituent . :Complementarity :wnsense "complementarity1n", "complementarity2n" ; :wordnet "complementarity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Complementarity'' is a ''Relation'' that holds among a Group of Things in some 'PersistentState'', where the things are complementary to each other. This usually is applied to a Pair of things, but may hold for more than two. WN Sense 1 referring to opposites may be distinguishable from the more general case, and could be represented by a subtype, if there are examples of its occurrence that need the distinction. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'complementarity' in WordNet: 1. complementarity - (a relation between two opposite states or principles that together exhaust the possibilities) 2. complementarity - (the interrelation of reciprocity whereby one thing supplements or depends on the other; 'the complementarity of the sexes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :Relation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :GroupType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complementary ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Complementary :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Complementarity ; :wnsense "complemental1adj", "complementary2adj", "completing1adj" ; :wordnet "complemental", "complementary", "completing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Complementary' is the property of some ''ComplementaryPart''. These parts work together to perform some function, and can be of any type of thing that acts to have effects, on each other or on other things. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'complementary' in Wordnet: 2. complemental, complementary, completing - (acting as or providing a complement (something that completes the whole)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ComplementaryPart :wnsense "complement4n" ; :wordnet "complement" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComplementaryPart'' is a ''MissingPart'' of some entity which, if present, would make the entity 'complete' in some sense. The ''ComplementaryPart'' must itself therefore have a different ''ComplementaryPart'' that would in turn make it complete; i.e.two ''ComplementaryPart''s make a ''WholeThing''. See \"WholeThing\"'' for the inverse view of this concept. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'complement' in WordNet: 4. (1) complement - (something added to complete or make perfect; 'a fine wine is a perfect complement to the dinner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MissingPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complementary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Complete :isTheOppositeOf :Incomplete ; :ldoce "complete", "full" ; :wnsense "complete1adj", "entire1adj", "full2adj", "overall2adj", "total1adj", "total2adj", "whole3adj" ; :wordnet "complete", "entire", "full", "overall", "total", "whole" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Complete' is an attribute of a thing (usually an object,but possibly a Situation) that has all its normal parts in place. A set of things that needs assembly is still Complete if all the parts are on hand to be assembled, such as a musical instrument with all its parts in its carrying case. This is applicable to MentalObjects like documents that have parts and may or may not be complete (relative to the intended final content) at some point in time. A manuscript ready to be published is 'Complete'. For Events that have been completed in time and are no longer in process, use 'Finished'. NOTE: distinction from ''Whole'' is not precise. ''Whole'' should be for one object; while ''Complete'' can be for a collection of objects. But linguistic usage is not so disjoint. This includes 'full' or 'complete' as meaning 'all of'. 'Ran the full gamut . . . '; 'a full set of . . . ' But for the sense of 'full' meaning 'filled up' use 'Full'. 'tota' is often used in reporting; 'total coverage of the event'. Overlaps to some degree with 'comprehensive', but tends to have objects of attribution that are better defined as to their component parts: 'comprehensive survey' - not cear what's in it 'complete works of Shakespeare'- we know what should be in it. If a type has relations of the form 'typicallyHasPhysicalPart', then all of those parts should be present for an instance of that type to be 'Complete'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'complete' and sense 2 of 'full' in WordNet: 1. (67) complete - (having every necessary or normal part or component or step; 'a complete meal'; 'a complete wardrobe'; 'a complete set of the Britannica'; 'a complete set of china'; 'a complete defeat'; 'a complete accounting') WN adj 'full': 2. (32) entire, full, total - (constituting the full quantity or extent; complete; 'an entire town devastated by an earthquake'; 'gave full attention'; 'a total failure') WN adj 'whole': 3. overall, total, whole - (including everything; 'the overall cost'; 'the total amount owed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Completed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Goal, :MakingaPhysicalObject, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :ReachingaGoal, :Task ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PurposefulPhysicalAction ; :wnsense "accomplished2adj", "completed1adj", "realised1adj", "realized1adj" ; :wordnet "accomplished", "completed", "realised", "realized" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Completed'' is the attribute of a ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' that has reached its objective ''GoalSituation''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'completed' in Wordnet: 1. (4) accomplished, completed, realized, realised - (successfully completed or brought to an end; 'his mission accomplished he took a vacation'; 'the completed project'; 'the joy of a realized ambition overcame him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Finished, :PastParticiple . :Completely :ldoce "altogether", "quite", "through" ; :wnsense "all1adv", "altogether1adv", "chock-a-block1adv", "chock1adv", "completely1adv", "entirely1adv", "fully1adv", "quite2adv", "soundly1adv", "soundly2adv", "thoroughly1adv", "thoroughly2adv", "through1adv", "through2adv", "through3adv", "totally1adv", "wholly1adv" ; :wordnet "all", "altogether", "chock", "chock-a-block", "completely", "entirely", "fully", "quite", "soundly", "thoroughly", "through", "totally", "wholly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunction, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose literal sense is 'to the maximum extent', and whose whose general sense is 'including everything', but this type includes *almost* completely (e.g. thoroughly). Closely related is the sense of 'through' meaning 'from beginning to end' (for books, roads, sequences of steps). In the Random House Webster it has 3 distinguished senses: 1. wholly; entirely; completely; quite: altogether fitting. 2. with all or everything included: The debt amounted altogether to twenty dollars. 3. with everything considered; on the whole: Altogether, I'm glad it's over. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'completely' and sense 2 of 'quite', and appears to cover adverb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'through' in WordNet, and includes sense of 'fully', 'entirely', and 'totally' in WordNet: 1. (43) wholly, entirely, completely, totally, all, altogether, whole - (to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent ('whole' is often used informally for 'wholly'); 'he was wholly convinced'; 'entirely satisfied with the meal'; 'it was completely different from what we expected'; 'was completely at fault'; 'a totally new situation'; 'the directions were all wrong'; 'it was not altogether her fault'; 'an altogether new approach'; 'a whole new idea') WN 'quite' 2. (47) quite - (to the greatest extent; completely; 'you're quite right'; 'she was quite alone'; 'was quite mistaken'; 'quite the opposite'; 'not quite finished'; 'did not quite make it') WN adverb 'through': 1. (5) through - (from beginning to end; 'read this book through') 2. (2) through - (over the whole distance; 'this bus goes through to New York') 3. (1) through - (to completion; 'think this through very carefully!') WN adverb 'chock': 1. chock, chock-a-block - (as completely as possible; 'it was chock-a-block full') WN adverb 'thoroughly': 1. (9) thoroughly, soundly, good - (in a complete and thorough manner ('good' is sometimes used informally for 'thoroughly'); 'he was soundly defeated'; 'we beat him good') 2. (9) thoroughly, exhaustively - (in an exhaustive manner; 'we searched the files thoroughly') WN adverb 'soundly': 1. soundly - (deeply or completely; 'slept soundly through the storm'; 'the baby is sleeping soundly') WN adverb 'fully': 1. (30) fully, to the full, full - (to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; ('full' in this sense is used as a combining form); 'fully grown'; 'he didn't fully understand'; 'knew full well'; 'full-grown'; 'full-fledged') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :CompletingaTask :ldoce "complete", "finish" ; :wnsense "complete1v", "finish1v" ; :wordnet "complete", "finish" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CompletingaTask'' is the transitive ''HumanActivity'' in which a Person (or Organization or Automaton) completes (finishes) some ''PurposefulAction'' and thereby accomplishes some Goal. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'finish' 1. (44) complete, finish - (come or bring to a finish or an end; 'He finished the dishes'; 'She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree'; 'The fastest runner finished the race in just over 2 hours; others finished in over 4 hours') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompletionEvent, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PurposefulAction :ActionType ) ] ] . :CompletionEvent :ldoce "complete", "finish" ; :wnsense "completion2n", "conclusion4n", "death6n", "demise1n", "dying1n", "ending4n", "finish2n", "finish7n" ; :wordnet "completion", "conclusion", "death", "demise", "dying", "ending", "finish" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CompletionEvent is an Event which is necessarily part of an Event of longer duration, and which constitutes the last temporal part of that longer Event. This would count as an 'achievement' in Vendler's categorization, but the logical treatment of Events in COSMO does not attempt to follow Vendler. The characteristic of a ''CompletionEvent'' is that it is the final temporal part of another identifiable Event. NOTE: this is the general sense of 'completion of an event'; for the transitive sense of finishing of a ''PurposefulAction'' by a Person use subtype ''CompletingaTask''. NOTE that 'death', 'dying' and 'demise' here are for the generic ending phase of any Event. The more specific death of an organism is represented by ''Death''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'completion' and noun sense 4 of 'conclusion' and noun senses 2 and 7 of 'finish' in WordNet: 2. (2) completion, culmination, closing, windup, mop up - (a concluding action) WN noun 'ending': 4. ending, conclusion, finish - (event whose occurrence ends something; 'his death marked the ending of an era'; 'when these final episodes are broadcast it will be the finish of the show') WN noun 'finish': 2. (173) finish - (designated event that concludes a contest (especially a race); 'excitement grew as the finish neared'; 'my horse was several lengths behind at the finish'; 'the winner is the team with the most points at the finish') WN noun 'dying': 1. (1) death, dying, demise - (the time when something ends; 'it was the death of all his plans'; 'a dying of old hopes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Complex :isTheOppositeOf :Uncomplicated ; :wnsense "complex1adj" ; :wordnet "complex" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having more than one part. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'complex' in WordNet: 1. (29) complex - - (complicated in structure; consisting of interconnected parts; 'a complex set of variations based on a simple folk melody'; 'a complex mass of diverse laws and customs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ComplexContext a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ComplexContext is a Context which has components of different Types. One type will be time interval, another will be Location-generic, a third will be 'World' which by default will be in our real world, but can be in any possible or fictional world. Another will be TextualContext, which can affect the interpretation of words in a text. To be true in a ComplexContext it is necessary to be true in all parts of that ComplexContext. However, every part will have a default meaning 'any', i.e. that particular part of the complex context does not apply to that particular assertion. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :Group . :ComplexNumber :wnsense "complex number1n", "complex quantity1n", "imaginary number1n", "imaginary1n" ; :wordnet "complex number", "complex quantity", "imaginary", "imaginary number" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Number that has the form: x + yi, where x and y are RealNumbers and i is the square root of -1. NOTE that in pure math this type of number may have a value of 0 in either the real or complex number component, but in COSMO for simplicity theimaginary component cannot be zero. If the real component is 0, it will be the subtype ''PureImaginaryNumber''. Thus Real numbers without the imaginary component are not included in COSMO as subypes although they are in Wordnet - makes the concept too complex for general use, and seems unnecessary. @ToDo: should quaternions and octonions be subtypes - or sister nodes? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imaginary number' (includes subtype 'PureImaginaryNumber') in WordNet: 1. complex number, complex quantity, imaginary number, imaginary - ((mathematics) a number of the form a+bi where a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComplexQuantifier, :Number, :OrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :RealNumber ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PureImaginaryNumber ] . :ComplexPhysicalObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ComplexPhysicalObject is a PhysicalObject that has more than one distinguishable part. A homogeneous object such as a bar of iron or piece of wood would not normally be considered as in this category. But we do not define such objects as disjoint from ComplexPhysicalObject, leaving the interpretation to the discretion of the user. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: Complex physical objects are divisible into (usually well-defined) parts.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject . :ComplexQuantifier a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ComplexQuantifier' is any MathematicalObject used as a Quantifier that is not a simple number, such as a ComplexNumber, Matrix, or Determinant. It has at least two ordered parts, but is not necessarily linearly ordered. Note that a 'PureImaginaryNumber' of the form xi (where i is the square root of -1) is *not* a ComplexQuantifier, as it has only one term. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalObject, :OrderedGroup, :Quantifier . :Complexion :takesValue :ColorAttribute ; :wnsense "complexion1n", "skin color1n", "skin colour1n" ; :wordnet "complexion", "skin color", "skin colour" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Complexion'' is the Color of Person's ''Face''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'complexion' in WordNet: 1. (1) complexion, skin color, skin colour - (the coloring of a person's face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Color . :Complexity :wnsense "complexity1n", "complexness1n" ; :wordnet "complexity", "complexness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Complexity'' is a state in which the entity in focus has the quality ''Complex''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'complexity' in WordNet: 1. (11) complexity, complexness - (the quality of being intricate and compounded; 'he enjoyed the complexity of modern computers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complex ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Compliance :ldoce "obedience" ; :wnsense "compliance4n", "obedience1n", "obey1v", "submission2n" ; :wordnet "compliance", "obedience", "obey", "submission" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Compliance' is an instance of a ConformingAction in which an agent (human or non-human animal) performs an Action that is required or demanded by a human agent, or an Action in which an agent begins to recognize the authority of another agent to make rules that must be obeyed.. Obeying a law is an act of 'Compliance', as is an animal performing some trick it was trained to do. This is not merely fulfilling a request - the demand must be one that carries some threat of punishment (or withholding of reward) for lack of compliance , and is one that the agent doing the act may not have done without the demand being made. This type is mostly used for acts of 'Obedience' but is broader than 'Obedience' in that it can include types of submission that involve *relinquishing* one's own authority to perform certain types of acts (as in submitting to the authority of a conqueror): this not only is an instance of *not* performing an act (as would be obedience to the law), but also of *beginning* the state of agreeing to the authority of another person to forbid or command. The general agreeing to another person's authority is distinct from specific acts that conform to the demands of another person. This type includes both Obedience and the beginning of submission to another's authority (after a time when there was no submission). NOTE: 'Obedience' is a subtype, in which the 'Insisting' causing the 'Obedience' action is explicitly required by a restriction. This corresponds to sense 4 of 'compliance' and sense 2 of 'submission' and includes the subtype sense 1 of 'obedience' and sense 1 of verb 'obey' in WordNet: 4. submission, compliance - (the act of submitting; usually surrendering power to another) WN 'obedience': 1. (3) obedience, obeisance - (the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConformingAction . :ComplianceWithTheLaw :en "compliance with the law", "comply with the law", "complying with the law" ; :enn "compliance with the law", "comply with the law", "complying with the law" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ComplianceWithTheLaw'' is an Action that conforms to the 'letter of the law' and is not ''Illegal'', though it can violate 'the spirit of the law', if it takes advantage of a ''Loophole'' to perform an ''EvadingaLaw''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compliance ; owl:disjointWith :IllegalAction . :Complicated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Complicating ; :ldoce "complicated" ; :wnsense "complicated1adj" ; :wordnet "complicated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sufficiently complex so as to be difficult to understand. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'complicated' in WordNet: 1. (11) complicated - - (difficult to analyze or understand; 'a complicated problem'; 'complicated Middle East politics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Complex . :ComplicatedSituation a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComplicatedSituation'' is a ''ProblemSituation'' that is a Problem because it is ''Complicated'' - i.e. it has some ''ComplicatingFactor''... NOTE: the gloss for sense 2 of 'complication' in WN suggests tat this type may correspond to that synset, but analysis suggest sthat the linguistic usage of 'complication' corresponds more closely to the type ''ComplicatingFactor'', which is formally a subEvent of this type but could constitute the whole situation (a subEvent is not necessarily a 'proper part'). Noun sense 2 of 'complication' in WordNet: 2. (2) complication - (a situation or condition that is complex or confused; 'her coming was a serious complication') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProblemSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complicated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComplicatingFactor ] . :Complicating :wnsense "complicate1v", "complicate2v", "complication1n" ; :wordnet "complicate", "complication" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Complicating'' is an ''IncreaseEvent'' in which the ''Complexity'' of some Entity is increased. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'complicate' in WordNet: 1. (5) complicate, perplex - (make more complicated; 'There was a new development that complicated the matter') 2. (2) complicate, refine, rarify, elaborate - (make more complex, intricate, or richer; 'refine a design or pattern') WN noun 'complication': 1. (3) complication - (the act or process of complicating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complexity ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complicated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :ComplicatingFactor :wnsense "complication2n" ; :wordnet "complication" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComplicatingFactor'' is a ''ProblemSituation'' that is the part of a ''ComplicatedSituation'' that causes it to be ''Complicated''. The ''ComplicatingFactor'' is a ''PersistentState'' that is a subEvent of the ''ProblemSituation'' that may include more than one component subEvents - for example, if one had a planned activity and then some requirement arose that required that one be elsewhere and unable to perform the planned activity, the ''ComplicatingFactor'' would be the two subEvents (past commitment and newly arisen obligation) that present a conflict between the two obligations arising from the need to be in two different places at the same time. This ''ComplicatingFactor'' can be described as a 'complication' when it is the part of a .''ComplicatedSituation'' that makes it 'complicated'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'complication' in WordNet: 2. (2) complication - (a situation or condition that is complex or confused; 'her coming was a serious complication') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Factor, :ProblemSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComplicatedSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComplicatedSituation ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Complication :wnsense "complication1n" ; :wordnet "complication" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Complication'' is a ''Disease'' arising as a result of another ''Disease''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'complication' in WordNet: 3. complication - (any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another disease; 'bed sores are a common complication in cases of paralysis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, :ComplicationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentType ] . :ComplicationEvent :wnsense "complication4n", "ramification3n" ; :wordnet "complication", "ramification" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComplicationEvent'' is a ''NewDevelopment'' that increases the complexity of a problem or situation, typically incrreasing the difficulty of the action or creating a ''ProblemToBeSOlved'' Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'complication' in WordNet: 4. complication, ramification - (a development that complicates a situation; 'the court's decision had many unforeseen ramifications') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NewDevelopment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :ComplimentText :wnsense "compliment1n" ; :wordnet "compliment" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ComplimentText'' is a 'PraiseText' created by a ''Complimenting'' event. This type can be used to record the actual words expressed in a ''Complimenting''. Corresponds to part (the text) of noun sense 1 of 'compliment' in WordNet: 1. (4) compliment - (a remark (or act) expressing praise and admiration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PraiseText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Complimenting ] . :Complimentary :isAnAttributeValueOf :ComplimentText, :Complimenting ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Complimenting ; :wnsense "complimentary1adj" ; :wordnet "complimentary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'complimentary' in Wordnet: 1. (1) complimentary - (conveying or resembling a compliment; 'a complimentary remark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Complimenting :en "compliment [?someone] on [?something]", "complimenting" ; :wnsense "compliment1n", "compliment1v", "compliment2v" ; :wordnet "compliment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Complimenting'' is a form of ''Praising'' that is directed at the one being praised, possibly with others present. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 part (the act) of noun sense 1 of 'compliment' in WordNet: 1. (4) compliment - (a remark (or act) expressing praise and admiration) WN verb 'compliment': 1. (2) compliment, congratulate - (say something to someone that expresses praise; 'He complimented her on her last physics paper') 2. (1) compliment - (express respect or esteem for) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Praising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :PraiseText ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :PraiseText ] . :Component :wnsense "component3n", "constituent1n", "element3n" ; :wordnet "component", "constituent", "element" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Component'' is the most generic type for any Part of an ''Artifact-Generic'' (physical or abstract) that was separate from other parts of the artifact and became integrated into the artifact in some way. The ''Component'' may, if it is an 'Ingredient'' in a ''Mixture'', lose its separate identity, or if a replaceable ''EngineeringComponent'' may be removable and have the same properties as before insertion. See Subtypes ''Ingredient'' for substances that form part of a ''Mixture'' and ''EngineeringComponent'' for PhysicalObjects that form part of a ''Device''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'component' in WordNet: 3. (6) component, constituent, element - (an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system; 'spare components for cars'; 'a component or constituent element of a system') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Mixture :ArtifactObject :SubstanceType :ObjectType ) ] ] . :ComponentPartOfArtifact :en "component part of a artifact", "part of a artifact" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComponentPartOfArtifact'' is a (separately manufactured) ''Component'' that is part of some ''ArtifactObject'' that is not usually thought of as a ''EngineeringComponent''. One example is a ''Drawer'', something that is passive and performs no 'engineering' function, just storage fo stuff """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Component, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Components :wnsense "composition2n", "constitution3n", "makeup1n" ; :wordnet "composition", "constitution", "makeup" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Components'' is a Group of entities (object, substance, physical or abstract) which are the Component Parts (not necessarily all of then) of some ''Group''. Very general, can be used to specify the 'composition' of some complex mixture of things without specifying each one individually by using ''hasComponentPart'' relation. This can be accomplished by using a 'hasComponentElement' relation on a ''Group'' or ''List'' or a 'hasPart' relation if the *subject is not a Group, or a *hasProperPart relation to signify that the ''Components'' are not all of the components. NOTe that in WordNet this is a 'property' - there should be some associated property. In COSMO this need is accmmodated - though not yet explicitly - by allowing relations among the component parts to be included as a component part of this Group. This could use a specialized relation - to be created if and when required. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'composition' in WordNet: 2. (5) constitution, composition, makeup - (the way in which someone or something is composed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :Composed :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Composure ; :isTheOppositeOf :Anxious ; :wnsense "collected3adj", "composed1adj", "equanimous1adj", "poised2adj", "self-collected1adj", "self-contained1adj", "self-possessed1adj" ; :wordnet "collected", "composed", "equanimous", "poised", "self-collected", "self-contained", "self-possessed" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Composed'' is an attribute of someone who is self-confident and ''Calm'' and not ''Anxious'' . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'composed' in Wordnet: 2. (2) composed - (serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress; 'the performer seemed completely composed as she stepped onto the stage'; 'I felt calm and more composed than I had in a long time') WN adjective 'self-possessed': 1. collected, equanimous, poised, self-collected, self-contained, self-possessed - (in full control of your faculties; 'the witness remained collected throughout the cross-examination'; 'perfectly poised and sure of himself'; 'more self-contained and more dependable than many of the early frontiersmen'; 'strong and self-possessed in the face of trouble') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Calm, :SelfConfident . :ComposedObject :wnsense "composition9n" ; :wordnet "composition" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'composition' in WordNet: 9. composition - (something that is created by arranging several things to form a unified whole; 'he envied the composition of their faculty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic . :Composer :guid "bd58b029-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "composer1n" ; :wordnet "composer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A musical composer, i.e. someone who has written a musical composition that has been publicly performed, or who has written more than one composition of some merit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'composer' in Wordnet: 1. (24) composer - (someone who composes music as a profession) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Author, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCreatorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MusicalComposition ] . :ComposingText a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action consisting of composing (creating) an AbstractText, which may or may not consist of creating a symbolic text on some medium; the composition may be purely mental. For the physical text creation, see 'Writing'. See also Thinking..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thinking . :Composite :en "composite", "composite substance" ; :guid "c1472957-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MixtureType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC concept - mixture of substances. No CYC gloss - unclear the intended meaning. RHW: 7. something composite; a compound. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture . :CompositeConcept :wnsense "hybrid2n" ; :wordnet "hybrid" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CompositeConcept is a Group that consists of component elements of different basic types, such as a System (which see). The notion of a CompositeConcept provides a way to represent things like situations that have essential elements of different type (such as States and FunctionalProcesses) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hybrid' in WordNet: 2. hybrid - (a composite of mixed origin; 'the vice-presidency is a hybrid of administrative and legislative offices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group . :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent :guid "bd588d27-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent is an event that involves some mental event(s), as well as some interaction between physical objects. Each instance will thus have at least one #$PhysicalEvent as a sub-event. (It may or may not itself be an instance of #$PhysicalEvent, depending on whether it occurs at a specific spatial location.) Examples include a news broadcast program, a court trial, someone inheriting property, someone writing a letter, a physical examination, and a charity ball. Notable specializations of this collection include #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$SensoryEvent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalEvent . :Composition :wnsense "composition8n", "paper2n", "report6n", "theme4n" ; :wordnet "composition", "paper", "report", "theme" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Composition'' is an ''Essay'' created to be presented to someone (usually a teacher) for evaluation or cticism, typically as an exercise. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'composition' in WordNet: 8. composition, paper, report, theme - (an essay (especially one written as an assignment); 'he got an A on his composition') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Essay . :CompositionArtifact :hasComponentSubstance :Ingredient ; :wnsense "composition1n" ; :wordnet "composition" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CompositionArtifact'' is a substance mixture made by Mixing substances together *intentionally*. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'composition' in WordNet: 1. (7) composition - (a mixture of ingredients) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MixingSubstances ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :CompositionAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CompositionAttributeValue'' is an AttributeValue describing the type of substance that an Object or Substance is partly or mostly composed of. e.g. ''Wooden''; ''Waxy''; ''Horny''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceAttributeValue . :Compost :hasComponentSubstance :VegetableMatter ; :isProducedByEventType :CompostingEvent ; :wnsense "compost1n" ; :wordnet "compost" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Compost'' is a 'CompositionArtifact'' mixture containing some vegetation with any of various organic materials, allowed to decompose together. It is used to enrich soil for growing plants. The vegetation may be grass or plant stalks, or mushrooms; on a farm, animal manure may be added to the mixture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compost' in WordNet: 1. (3) compost - (a mixture of decaying vegetation and manure; used as a fertilizer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositionArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VegetableMatter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CompostingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Composting :en "composting" ; :enadj "composting" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :CompostingEvent ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Composting'' is an AttributeValue of the Organic materials decaying in a ''CompostingEvent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :CompostingEvent :en "composting" ; :eng "composting" ; :wnsense "compost1v" ; :wordnet "compost" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CompostingEvent'' is a ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' in which vegetation is mixed with other Vegetation or some other organic materials and allowed to decompose (by microbial action), thus producing ''Compost'' which can be used to enrich soil to enhance growth of plants. The ''BiologicalDecompositionEvent'' that follows the ''MixingSubstances'' phase can be allowed to proceed from weeks to months before the resulting ''Compost'' is used. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'compost' in WordNet: 1. compost - (convert to compost; 'compost organic debris') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altering, :PhysicalTransformationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VegetableMatter ; owl:onProperty :hasRequiredInput ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MixingSubstances ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BiologicalDecompositionEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compost ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Composure :wnsense "calm1n", "calmness1n", "composure1n", "equanimity1n" ; :wordnet "calm", "calmness", "composure", "equanimity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: serene, self-controlled state of mind; calmness; tranquillity: Despite the hysteria and panic around him, he retained his composure Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'composure' in WordNet: 1. (3) composure, calm, calmness, equanimity - (steadiness of mind under stress; 'he accepted their problems with composure and she with equanimity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Composed ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :CompoundNoun a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CompoundNoun is a Noun composed of two or more individual words, functioning grammatically as a single Noun. There are three types of CompoundNoun: OpenCompoundNoun (dog house, physics book), HyphenatedCompoundNoun (ski-boot), and ClosedCompoundNoun (skyscraper). Many closed compound nouns started out open, with usage became hyphenated, and eventually became closed. The meanings stayed the same for many of them - but there are cases where adjective-noun combinations can occur in both forms, with different meanings, such as: blue bird (a bird with bluish color) bluebird (a specific species of bird) In those cases, a different emphasis and accent will usually distinguish in speaking between the compound noun and the adjective-noun combination. In the broad sense of 'collocation' (meaning words that are used together more frequently that would occur by chance combination), a CompoundNoun would be one type of collocation. (But 'collocation' has also been used in the narrower sense of words that are used together and related by grammatical function, such as verb-object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalStructure, :Noun . :Comprehensibility :wnsense "comprehensibility1n", "understandability1n" ; :wordnet "comprehensibility", "understandability" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Coherence'' is a state in which the entity(s) in focus are both comprhensible and logically consistent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comprehensibility' in WordNet: 1. comprehensibility, understandability - (the quality of comprehensible language or thought) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Understandable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Comprehensive :wnsense "comprehensive1adj" ; :wordnet "comprehensive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Comprehensive'' is a subtype of''Inclusive'' that applies to a Group whose elements are not necessarily of the same type, but including all things that can be expected to belong in the thing characterized as ''Comprehensive'. Overlaps to some degree with 'complete'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'comprehensive' in WordNet: 1. (8) comprehensive - (including all or everything; 'comprehensive coverage'; 'a comprehensive history of the revolution'; 'a comprehensive survey'; 'a comprehensive education') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inclusive . :Compressed :en "compacted" ; :enadj "compacted" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Compressing, :VolumeCompression ; :wnsense "compressed2adj" ; :wordnet "compressed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Compressed'' is the attribute of some Object that became ''Smaller'' due to experiencing a ''Compressing'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'compressed' in Wordnet: 2. (1) compressed - (reduced in volume by pressure; 'compressed air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Smaller . :Compressibility :wnsense "compressibility1n", "sponginess1n", "squeezability1n" ; :wordnet "compressibility", "sponginess", "squeezability" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Compressibility'' is a subtype of ''Softness'' characterizing physical objects that can be reduced in volume by application of pressure.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compressibility' in WordNet: 1. compressibility, squeezability, sponginess - (the property of being able to occupy less space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Softness . :Compressible :wnsense "compressible1adj", "compressible2adj" ; :wordnet "compressible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Compressible is the quality of objects and solid substances that permits objects to become narrower in width, in the direction of a line between two other objects that are exerting a force on the compressible object. The deformation will be mostly or completely reversed when the force is removed, and this reversible quality makes this attribute more specific than 'deformable'. This is not a property of a Gas - the 'compressibility' of a gas is a different attribute. This differs from 'flexible' in that a flexible object may not be compressible, and the quality of 'Flexible' is usually applied to objects that are long relative to their girth, whereas 'Compressible' is usually applied to objects that are not much longer than they are wide. A long couch cushion would perhaps be among the longest objects that would be characterized as 'Compressible', but any spongy substance such as the matting used under a carpet would also be 'Compressible'. NOTE: all solid objects compress to some extent; 'compressible' has the common-sense meaning that an object can compress noticeably (to a person) when a force that a person can easily apply (such as by stepping on it) is pressed against the object. This is a quality that is usually attributed to objects that are not very long relative to their girth. Examples are sponges, some kinds of cake, cork, inflated rubber balls, inflated auto tires, foam pillows and cushions, but sheets of spongy material also qualify. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compressible' in Wordnet: 1. compressible - (capable of being compressed or made more compact; 'compressible packing materials'; 'a compressible box') 2. compressible, squeezable - (capable of being easily compressed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deformable . :CompressibleObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A SolidObject that is Compressible." ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compressible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CompressibleSubstance a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A SolidSubstance that is Compressible." ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compressible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Compressing :wnsense "compact3v", "compress1v", "compression2n", "pack together1v" ; :wordnet "compact", "compress", "compression", "pack together" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ This sense of ''Compressing'' is generically for making something 'smaller' in a physical volume or (as with information) by some other measure of 'size'. This includes as subtype the reduction of physical volume by applying pressure, represented by ''VolumeCompression''. This can be used for compressing data (which could be a subtype - dataCompression). NOTE: because of In that case 'mayBeCausedBy ApplyingAPressure' would be replaced by 'isCausedBy ApplyingAPressure'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'compress' and part of noun sense 2 of 'compression' (*not* for shrinking due to cooling) in WordNet: 1. (7) compress, compact, pack together - (make more compact by or as if by pressing; 'compress the data') WN noun 'compression': 2. compression, condensation, contraction - (the process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together; 'the contraction of a gas on cooling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingSomethingMoreCompact, :ShrinkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Size ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingAPressure ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compressed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Compromise :wnsense "compromise2n" ; :wordnet "compromise" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Compromise'' is an Agreement that is created by an Action of ''Compromising''. 'concession' - something given up Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'compromise' in WordNet: 2. (1) compromise - (an accommodation in which both sides make concessions; 'the newly elected congressmen rejected a compromise because they considered it 'business as usual'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollectiveGoal, :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Compromising ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compromising ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :Compromised :en "compromised" ; :guid "a7255108-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute that represents the fact that at least one person who is not a member of the group which ordinarily has access to an individual with #$levelOfSecurity #$LimitedAccess, usually as a result of some #$Cracking-CompromisingSecurity. This is a specialized sense for characterizing Persons or groups that cen not be trusted with important classified information. THe only RHW sense is for compromised immune systems: compromised adj. Pathol. unable to function optimally, esp. with regard to immune response, owing to underlying disease, harmful environmental exposure, or the side effects of a course of treatment. No WN sense for 'compromised'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Untrustworthy . :Compromising :en "making a compromise" ; :eng "compromising" ; :wnsense "compromise1v" ; :wordnet "compromise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Compromising'' is a subtype of 'MakingAnAgreement' which does not give each party everything s/he wants,but each gets something s/he wants and gives up something s/he wants. The agreement arrived at is not necesarily a formal ''Contract', i.e. it may be but is not necessarily a binding and enforceable Agreement. Nevertheless it creates an ''Obligation'' which can be moral rather than legal. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'compromise' in WordNet: 1. (3) compromise - (make a compromise; arrive at a compromise; 'nobody will get everything he wants; we all must compromise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaDeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Compromise ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgreeingAgents ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConcedingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Comptroller :guid "c1299025-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "comptroller1n", "controller1n" ; :wordnet "comptroller", "controller" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Comptroller'' in WN is considered aynonymous with ''Accountant'', but in COSMO this is a subtype RHW: 1. an employee, often an officer, of a business firm who checks expenditures, finances, etc.; comptroller. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'comptroller' in WordNet: 1. accountant, comptroller, controller - (someone who maintains and audits business accounts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accountant, :DeskWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AuditingaFinancialDocument ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Compulsion :wnsense "compulsion1n", "compulsion2n" ; :wordnet "compulsion" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Compulsion'' is a ''Desire'' that is so intense it is difficult to resist. NOTE: neither WN sense seems to capture all of the more general meaning of this type, which may be sudden (like an impulse) or may cause repetitive trivial actions. Bit the subtype ''Addiction'' is neither sudden nor trivial. Those senses could be subtypes of this general type. Corresponds approximately to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'compulsion' in WordNet: 1. (3) compulsion, irresistible impulse - (an urge to do or say something that might be better left undone or unsaid) 2. (1) compulsion, obsession - (an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions against your will) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IrrationalMotive ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Overwhelming ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Compulsive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Compulsion, :CompulsiveBehavior ; :wnsense "compulsive1adj" ; :wordnet "compulsive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Compulsive'' is an AttributeValue of a behavior that is caused by irresistible (''Overwhelming'') Feelings. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'compulsive' in Wordnet: 1. (7) compulsive - (caused by or suggestive of psychological compulsion; 'compulsive drinking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Overwhelming . :CompulsiveBehavior :en "compulsive behavior" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CompulsiveBehavior'' is a Behavior of an individual person that arises from some ''Compulsion''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Behavior, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Irrational ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compulsion ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :CompulsivePerson :wnsense "compulsive1n" ; :wordnet "compulsive" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CompulsivePerson'' is a ''Compulsive'' Person (a ''Person with a ''Compulsion'') who performs some form of ''CompulsiveBehavior''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'compulsive' in WordNet: 1. (4) compulsive - (a person with a compulsive disposition; someone who feels compelled to do certain things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compulsive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CompulsiveBehavior :ActionType ) ] ] . :Compulsory :wnsense "compulsory1adj", "mandatory1adj", "obligatory1adj", "required2adj" ; :wordnet "compulsory", "mandatory", "obligatory", "required" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Compulsory' is a subtype of ''Necessary'' in which the 'need' (to perform or refrain from an Action) is created by some Rule or order or demand from an agent having Authority. This is one AttributeValue of Actions that are part of an Obligation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'compulsory' in Wordnet: 1. compulsory, mandatory, required - (required by rule; 'in most schools physical education is compulsory'; 'attendance is mandatory'; 'required reading') WN adj 'obligatory': 1. obligatory - (morally or legally constraining or binding; 'attendance is obligatory'; 'an obligatory contribution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Necessary . :ComputationalDevice a :AgentType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ComputationalDevice' is a generic high-level type including any device that can perform computations, arithmetic or symbolic, electronically or mechanically. This is classified as a 'GenericAgent'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveArtifact, :Device . :ComputationalObject :guid "bd58803b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing and #$IntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$ComputationalObject is a syntactically structured form, such as a Cyc system expression, a Lisp string, a C variable name, or an equation in a particular canonical form format.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalObject . :ComputationalSystem :guid "c06abb01-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: this type is for electronic computing devices. Cyc: A specialization of #$InformationBearingObject and #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of this collection is a system used for computing purposes. It includes as specializations both #$Computer and #$ComputerNetwork. Anything that can be said about both collections can more efficiently be stated about this collection. For example, instead of saying that system administrators maintain instances of #$Computer and #$ComputerNetwork, one can simply say that system administrators maintain instances of #$ComputationalSystem.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputationalDevice, :ConnectedPathSystem, :ElectronicDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computing ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Computer :ldoce "computer" ; :wnsense "computer1n" ; :wordnet "computer" ; a :AgentType, :ComputingDeviceType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for a generic 'computer' including analog computers. For Digital computers, use ''DigitalComputer''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer' in WordNet: 1. (6) computer, computing machine, computing device, data processor, electronic computer, information processing system - (a machine for performing calculations automatically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputationalSystem, :ComputerHardwareItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerComponents ; owl:onProperty :containsObjects ] . :ComputerActivity :guid "bd588550-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events, and a specialization of both #$Action and #$PhysicalEvent. In each instance of #$ComputerActivity, at least one instance of #$Computer is somehow involved. An instance of #$Person may or may not be involved. (Instances of #$ComputerActivity where no #$Person is involved fall under the more specialized collection #$ComputerProcessRunning.) A wide variety of activities falls into this collection - from sending an email (see the more specialized collection #$EMailSending), to scanning a set of ports (see #$PortScan), to a computer crash (see #$ComputerCrashing). A situation where someone took to a computer with an axe would also fulfil the requirements for being an instance of #$ComputerActivity, though (hopefully) in an unusual and 'degenerate' sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalComputer ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :ComputerApplicationProgram :wnsense "application program1n", "application3n", "applications programme1n" ; :wordnet "application", "application program", "applications programme" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComputerApplicationProgram'' is a ''ComputerProgram'' that is not an operating system nor a 'device driver', but is intended to be used by an end user, rather than a devloper. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'application' in WordNet: 3. (65) application, application program, applications programme - (a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task; \"he has tried several different word processing applications\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :ComputerProgram . :ComputerAudioFile :en "computer sound file" ; :enn "computer sound file" ; :guid "c0f15943-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ An abstract computer file representing some audio (sound) sequence. Such files have locations,but they may or ma not have anonline URL-defined acessible location. CYC comment for 'ComputerSoundFile': A specialization of #$ComputerFile-AIS. Each #$ComputerSoundFile contains a digital representation of some #$AudibleSound, and is linked to an instance of #$ComputerSoundFileTypeByFormat via the predicate #$fileFormat.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerFile-Abstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SoundTrack ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationStorageMediumObject ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :ComputerBoard :en "computer board" ; :enn "computer board" ; :guid "bd58fc12-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$IntegratedCircuit and #$ComputerHardwareComponent. Each instance of #$ComputerBoard is an insulated board on which interconnected circuits are mounted or etched. Major specializations are the disjoint collections #$ComputerMotherBoard and #$ExpansionCard. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareComponent, :SmallRigidSheet . :ComputerCircuit :wnsense "computer circuit1n" ; :wordnet "computer circuit" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComputerCircuit'' is an ''ElectronicCircuit'' within some ''Computer'' or other Device that performs some digital logical functions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer circuit' in WordNet: 1. computer circuit - (a circuit that is part of a computer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicCircuit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ComputerComponents a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The necessary components of every modern digital computer. (though not a server - this requires a display) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Components, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerDisplay ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerKeyboard ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerMemory ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :CentralProcessingUnit ] . :ComputerCracker :wnsense "cracker3n", "hacker3n" ; :wordnet "cracker", "hacker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The terms 'cracker' and 'hacker' referring to computer programmers have various uses. This is for programmers who gain unauthorized access to a computer (or system or network) for any purpose; as a hobby, or as a challenge for learning, or as a 'white hat' to probe and find vulnerabilities, or (in the subtype ''Hacker'') to steal or maliciously damage a computer system. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cracker' in WordNet: 3. cracker - (a programmer who 'cracks' (gains unauthorized access to) computers, typically to do malicious things; 'crackers are often mistakenly called hackers') WN 'hacker': 3. hacker - (a programmer for whom computing is its own reward; may enjoy the challenge of breaking into other computers but does no harm; 'true hackers subscribe to a code of ethics and look down upon crackers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerUser, :IntelligentAgent, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hacking ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :ComputerDiskDevice :en "computer disk" ; :enn "computer disk" ; :guid "bd58c427-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a ComputerDiskDevice is the whole device, including its casing, therefore it is not necessarily disk-shaped, though the actual storage component, a part of the device, will be disk-shaped. This is an Object, therefore, unlike in Cyc, it cannot be a subtype of 'ComputerInformationStorageMedia', which is a substance in COSMO. A CD is in fact disk-shaped, but that is a subtype of 'DigitalInformationBearingObject', not of media. The removable 'disk' (such as a Floppy Disk or removable hard disk) containing a disk encased in some protective or functional casing is an instance of this type. For CD's use 'CD-Physical'. Cyc: A spec of #$InformationStorageMedia, this is the collection of all disks used for storage of information. This includes floppy disks as well as hard disks. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareItem, :DigitalInformationBearingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disk ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :ComputerDisplay :en "computer display" ; :enn "computer display" ; :guid "bd5892c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ComputerOutputDevice. Each instance of this collection is a device with which computer output is displayed visually. An important specialization is #$ComputerMonitor-VideoKind, but see also #$DataProjector. NOTE: this includes any Device that displays images created by a computer sytem,including those on Smart Phones and television screens, when those are used as a CoputerMonitor. display, video display See subtype ''ComputerMonitor''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerOutputDevice, :ComputerPeripheralDevice, :HexalateralObject, :VideoDisplayDevice . :ComputerDisplayDesktop :wnsense "background7n", "desktop2n", "screen background1n" ; :wordnet "background", "desktop", "screen background" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComputerDisplayDesktop'' is the ''ComputerDisplayImage'' in some Window-based GUI operating systems that is the background on which icons representing programs or files are displayed, usually for access via a computer 'mouse'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'desktop' in WordNet: 2. background, desktop, screen background - ((computer science) the area of the screen in graphical user interfaces against which icons and windows appear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAccessibleIBO, :StillImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerDisplayImage ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :ComputerDisplayImage :en "computer display", "computer display image" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComputerDisplayImage'' is any part of or the whole of the image(s) on a ''ComputerMonitor''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAccessibleIBO, :StillImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerMonitor ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :ComputerDisplayView a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComputerDisplayView'' is the 'View'' created by a '\"ComputerDisplay'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VideoDisplay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplayDevice ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoonLight ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplayDevice ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasVisibleTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerUser ] . :ComputerFile :wnsense "computer file1n" ; :wordnet "computer file" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ComputerFile' is a PhysicalObject that represents digital information and is stored on some physical computer-readable device. To some extent this type has elements of an AbstractObject, but it is a PhysicalObject because it must have parts that are PhysicalObjects (if only electrons or small magnetized regions of a PhysicalObject. A 'ComputerFile' may but does not have to have a web-accessible URL. The restriction requires that each instance of 'ComputerFile' have a corresponding 'ComputerFile-Abstract'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer file' in WordNet: 1. computer file - ((computer science) a file maintained in computer-readable form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalInformationBearingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerFile-Abstract ] . :ComputerFile-Abstract :en "abstract computer file" ; :enn "abstract computer file" ; :guid "c109dc68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is an AbstractInformationObject that represents the information content (including the format) of a computer file. All physical copies of a 'ComputerFile-Abstract' will be physical representations of the *same* 'ComputerFile-Abstract'. In COSMO a 'ComputerFile-Abstract' is considereed as an 'AbstractDocument'. Cyc: In some respects and in some domains (notably, #$ComputerSecurityMt) it is sometimes more convenient and more natural to represent computer files as instances of #$ConceptualWork. This enables #$Cyclists to adapt existing, program-(#$ConceptualWork) oriented vocabulary to represent files. On the other hand, in some respects (notably when dealing with encryption) it is sometimes more convenient and natural to represent computer files as instances of #$AbstractInformationStructure. Thus we have two collections, #$ComputerFile-AIS and #$ComputerFile-CW. This collection, #$ComputerFile-Abstract, serves as the union of these two collections in order that there might be some vocabulary which can apply to both collections (e.g., #$fileFoundOnComputer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :AbstractInformationStore, :DataFile . :ComputerFileGroup a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ComputerFileGroup' is a group of one or more 'ComputerFile-Abstract'(s). This could, for example, be the files in a file folder on a computer. Another usage for this type is the subtype 'GenericWebPage', consisting of the group of files (each of which is an 'WebPage-AIS') that start at one directly addressable file that is accessible from the Internet, and composed of or directly linked to one starting 'WebPage-AIS', which is a URL-addressable Computer file. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ComputerFile-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ComputerGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ComputerGroup'' is a Group of 'Computer''s. Mostly of interest when they form part of a ''ComputerNetwork''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DigitalComputer ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ComputerHardwareComponent :guid "bd58911a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareItem, :Device, :EngineeringComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ComputerHardwareItem :en "computer hardware" ; :guid "bd5890d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ElectronicDevice and #$ComputerProduct. Each instance of this collection is either an entire #$Computer, or a device used with or in computers to accomplish some computing-related task (for instance, computer terminals, printers, keyboards, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :ManufacturedGoods . :ComputerImageFile :en "computer image file" ; :enn "computer image file" ; :guid "be062fc9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is the digital representation of a still image (not a video); it does not have to be in PixelImage (raster-style) form. This is an AbstractObject, and does not have to be the actual electrons, magnetic fields, or holes in a CD that represent the file. NOTE also that this is both a ComputerFile and an AbstractImage. Cyc: A specialization of #$ComputerFile-AIS. Each #$ComputerImageFile contains a digital representation of some #$VisualImage, and is linked to an instance of #$ComputerImageFileTypeByFormat via the predicate #$fileFormat. A #$ComputerImageFile has a bit-depth and resolution that specify the number of hues it distinguishes and the number of pixels per linear inch it represents. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, :ComputerFile-Abstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationStorageMediumObject ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :ComputerInformationStorageMedia :guid "beefb972-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note; in COSMO 'InformationStorageMedia' is a PhysicalSubstance, not an Object. Therefore 'media' is to be interpreted as the substance used for storage: magnetic tape, the substance of which optical disks are made, the substance of which magnetic hard disks are made, etc. For individual disks, use 'ComputerDisk'. This usage clashes with Cyc, where there are no 'substance' types of the kind in COSMO. @ToDo: create ComputerInformationStorageObject?? Cyc: #$ComputerInformationStorageMedia is the subset of #$InformationStorageMedia whose instances are all and only those entities on which instances of #$ComputerFileCopy may be stored.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :InformationStorageMedia . :ComputerInputDevice :guid "bd59077e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ComputingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ComputerInterfaceDevice. Each instance of this collection is an #$ElectronicDevice which delivers information from a user to a computer.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerInterfaceDevice, :ComputerPeripheralDevice . :ComputerInstruction :guid "b253aa30-24c3-11d6-8000-0050dab92c2f" ; :ldoce "instruction" ; :wnsense "instruction4n" ; :wordnet "instruction" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComputerInstruction'' is a part of a ''ComputerProgram'' (an abstract ''InformationObject'') that can be interpreted by the logic unit of a digital computer as an order to perform some manipulation of data. This may be represented by one or more lines of computer code. CYC: ProgramStep The collection of all linear steps that are part of some piece of software [#$SoftwareObject]. Instantiations of each #$ProgramStep operate as a serial process, although instantiations of multiple program steps for the same program may run in parallel or asynchronously. Corresponds approximately to noun sense of '4' in WordNet: 4. instruction, command, statement, program line - ((computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ComputerInstructionExecution ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerProgram ] . :ComputerInstructionExecution :wnsense "computer operation1n", "execution3n" ; :wordnet "computer operation", "execution" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ComputerInstructionExecution' is an Event in which some computer (of any kind) executes one or more instructions in a 'ComputerProgram'. This follows and is caused by a ''TransmittingaComputerInstruction'' Event, and may consist of one or more computational steps. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer operation' in WordNet: 1. computer operation, machine operation - (an elementary operation that a computer is designed and built to perform) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Computing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerProgram ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :ComputerInstructionSequence :guid "b28b2776-24c3-11d6-8000-0050dab92c2f" ; :wnsense "code3n", "computer code1n" ; :wordnet "code", "computer code" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComputerInstructionSequence'' is a ''Sequence'' of ''ComputerInstruction''s that comprise all or a part of a ''ComputerProgram'' (an abstract ''InformationObject'') that can be interpreted by the logic unit of a digital computer as an order to perform some manipulation of data. Approximately the same as CYC' 'ProgramStepSequence': A linear series of program steps that can be considered as a program step in its own right. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'code' and sense 1 of 'computer code' in WordNet: 3. code, computer code - ((computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure, :Sequence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ComputerInstructionExecution ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerInstruction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerProgram ] . :ComputerInterfaceDevice :guid "bd5907c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ElectronicDevice. Each instance of this collection is a device that allows a user to communicate with a #$Computer. One sigificant specialization of #$ComputerInterfaceDevices is #$ComputerInputDevice -- with its subsets #$ComputerKeyboard, #$Scanner-Optical, #$ComputerMouse, etc. Another is #$ComputerOutputDevice -- with its subsets #$MonitorPort, #$ComputerMonitor-Color, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareComponent . :ComputerJoystick :wnsense "joystick2n" ; :wordnet "joystick" ; a :ComputingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'joystick' in WordNet: 2. joystick - (a manual control consisting of a vertical handle that can move freely in two directions; used as an input device to computers or to devices controlled by computers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerInputDevice, :ControlLever, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controlsManually ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ComputingDeviceType :Computer ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingWithTheHand ; owl:onProperty :isOperatedByAction ] . :ComputerKeyboard :guid "bd58cbe8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "computer keyboard1n", "keypad1n" ; :wordnet "computer keyboard", "keypad" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device used for accepting typed input from a computer user. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer keyboard' in WordNet: 1. computer keyboard, keypad - (a keyboard that is a data input device for computers; arrangement of keys is modelled after the typewriter keyboard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareComponent, :ComputerInputDevice, :HexalateralObject . :ComputerLanguage :guid "bf7ea85d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ConstructedLanguage and #$FormalLanguage. Each instance of #$ComputerLanguage is designed expressly for the purpose of creating expressions that are in some sense interpretable by computers. This may mean that the expressions are used to program computers (for which, see the specialization #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage), to facilitate interaction between pieces of software, or to indicate how to represent pieces of text (for which, see #$MarkupLanguage). Machine and assembly languages are also included in this category. SUMO: The class of Languages designed for and interpreted by a computer.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialLanguage . :ComputerMemory :guid "bd58ad61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "computer memory1n", "computer storage1n", "memory board1n", "memory4n", "storage5n", "store3n" ; :wordnet "computer memory", "computer storage", "memory", "memory board", "storage", "store" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$ComputerMemory is a subset of #$ComputerStorageDevice. It includes all the varieties of memory that computers can access, including physical memory (both RAM and ROM) and virtual memory. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer memory' in WordNet: 1. memory, computer memory, storage, computer storage, store, memory board - (an electronic memory device; 'a memory and the CPU form the central part of a computer to which peripherals are attached') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerStorageDevice . :ComputerMemoryDevice :en "computer memory device" ; :wnsense "memory device1n", "storage device1n" ; :wordnet "memory device", "storage device" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ComputerMemoryDevice'' can be the integrated circuit or the whol device with IO - a thumb drive or a CD or DVD drive. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'memory device' in WordNet: 1. memory device, storage device - (a device that preserves information for retrieval) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareItem . :ComputerMenu :wnsense "computer menu1n", "menu3n" ; :wordnet "computer menu", "menu" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComputerMenu''is a 'ListOfAlternatives' in which the 'entries', are alternative . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer menu' in WordNet: 1. menu, computer menu - ((computer science) a list of options available to a computer user) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ListOfAlternatives, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ComputerOption ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :ComputerMonitor :guid "bd58e800-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "CRT screen1n", "computer monitor1n", "monitor1n", "screen3n" ; :wordnet "CRT screen", "computer monitor", "monitor", "screen" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes electron-tube and flat screen display devices, of any size, as long as they are separate functional objects, perhaps including soun but not just a display that is part of a functional computing device like the dispay on a smart phone.. CYC: ('ComputerMonitor-VideoKind') Like the screen you are staring at. Don't confuse with ComputerDisplay. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer monitor' in WordNet: 1. computer monitor - (a device that displays signals on a computer screen) WN noun 'screen': 3. (2) screen, CRT screen - (display on the surface of the large end of a cathode-ray tube on which is electronically created) WN noun 'monitor': 1. (3) monitor, monitoring device - (display produced by a device that takes signals and displays them on a television screen or a computer monitor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerDisplay . :ComputerNetwork :ldoce "network" ; :wnsense "network1n" ; :wordnet "network" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComputerNetwork'' is a ''Network'' consisting of two or more ''Computer''s. that are connected by some pathway that permits them to rapidly exchange digital data, The ''Internet'' is a large Network, a subtype of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Network, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :containsObjects ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerGroup ] . :ComputerNetworkConnection :en "computer network connection" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ComputerNetworkConnection' is a ''Connection-Physical'' consisting of some line that transmits information between omputers or between computers and input/output devices (electrical, fiber optic, radio) plus the devices supporting that line. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Connection-Physical, :Device, :Path-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToConnect ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerNetwork ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ComputerNetworkPathSystem a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ComputerNetworkPathSystem is the abstract system of paths (not the physical connections) that connect a computer network. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalObject, :PathSystem . :ComputerOption :en "option" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ComputerOption'' is an''AlternativeThing'' that is one of the elements on a 'ComputerMenu''. This can be one variable in a program, or one of several computer programs, or any of the choices that can be presented to the user of program. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlternativeThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerMenu ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :ComputerOutputDevice :guid "bd590af6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ComputerInterfaceDevice. Each instance of this collection is an #$ElectronicDevice which delivers information from a computer to its user.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerInterfaceDevice . :ComputerPeripheralDevice :guid "bd58ddf5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ComputerHardwareItem. Each instance of this collection is an electronic device intended to be used with (but not in) some computer. Examples include #$ComputerKeyboard and #$ComputerPrinter. An external floppy drive is a positive exemplar, but an internal floppy drive is a negative exemplar. Notable specializations of this collection include #$ComputerInputDevice and #$ComputerOutputDevice.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareComponent . :ComputerPrinter :guid "bd58ad96-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "printer2n" ; :wordnet "printer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Printing device designed to be attached to a computer and print things (text, graphics) output from the computer. Cyc: The collection of computer hardware that is used for producing hard copies of text or images. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'printer' in WordNet: 2. printer - ((computer science) an output device that prints the results of data processing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareItem, :ComputerOutputDevice, :ComputerPeripheralDevice, :PrintingDevice . :ComputerProcessor :guid "bd589861-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ComputingDeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ComputerHardwareComponent. Each instance of this collection is a computer processor which is in the shell (part of the #$ComputerMainBox) and contains the #$CentralProcessingUnit.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareComponent . :ComputerProgram :guid "bd58c32d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c0864ee6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c09c6244-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c0fad77a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "code3n", "computer code1n", "computer program1n", "program3n" ; :wordnet "code", "computer code", "computer program", "program" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ComputerProgram (SUMO) ProgramSpecification (Cyc) COSMO note: this is an abstract representation of a computer program, which is an ordered Group of executable instructions in some computer programming language. A document could be a computer program, but a computer program does not have to be a document. This can be the code itself, or a 'pseudocode' specification of what the code structure should be. SUMO ('ComputerProgram'): A set of instructions in a computer programming language that can be executed by a computer. The intended SUMO and Cyc meanings may not be identical. OpenCyc #$SoftwareObject-Individual may be closer to an actual program. Includes CYC 'ComputerProgram-CW': A specialization of #$PropositionalConceptualWork, #$ComputerFile-CW and #$SoftwareObject-Individual. Each instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW is a deliberately created abstract object comprised of propositions that together constitute a list of instructions for computers to execute. Example instances include #$Emacs-TheProgram and #$LinuxKernel-TheProgram. Instances of this collection are distinct from computer code and from both running and installed programs. The instructions that comprise an instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW can be expressed as abstract computer code (see #$ComputerCode), but no list of instructions expressed in code constitutes an instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW. Rather, the code in which an instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW is expressed constitutes an instance of #$AbstractInformationStructure that can be related to the program it expresses using the predicate #$programCode. More than one instance of #$ComputerCode can express the same instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW; for example, a single instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW can be written in source code (see #$ComputerCode-Source) in several different computer languages, or it can be complied as a binary executable (see #$ComputerCode-Binary). A physical instantiation of a #$ComputerProgram-CW is a #$ComputerProgramCopy which is an #$InformationBearingThing and is related to its #$ComputerProgram-CW by the predicate #$programCopies. An instance of #$ComputerProgram-CW that is being executed is a #$ComputerProcessRunning, related to its #$ComputerProgram-CW by the predicate #$programOfProcess. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: [ProgramSpecification] A black-box characterization of (some aspects of) how a program should behave. For instance a sorting program can be specified by requiring that the output be a list of the same elements as the input such that no element follows a greater element. A #$ProgrammingLanguageImplementation can be specified by the #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage it implements. CYC 'ProgramSpecification' (later version): NOTE that in COSMO the code itself is included in this type. A specialization of #$Specification. Each instance of this collection is not a computer program itself (i.e. lines of code), but an abstract characterization of how a program should behave. For instance, a sorting program can be specified by requiring that the program's output be a list of the same elements as the input such that no element follows an element that is greater than it. A notable example of a #$ProgramSpecification is UNIX - which is not (contrary to popular belief) an operating system per se, but a specification to which many different operating systems (instances of #$UnixOS) conform. Note that instances of #$ProgramSpecification do not necessarily specify single, discrete programs -- thus many of the internet's RFC protocol-establishing documents (see #$RequestForComments-Internet) fall into this collection Includes other CYC concepts: CYC 'ComputerCode': A specialization of #$ComputerAIS. Each instance of #$ComputerCode is an abstract list of instructions expressed in some computer language (see #$ComputerLanguage) including executable binary code. CYC: ComputerCode-Binary:The collection of all binary machine code executable by a #$Computer. @ToDO: do computer programs have Capabilities or only the computer that runs the program? If the program itself has capability, then this attribute would not be a property only of PhysicalObjects. How to specify that a ComputerProgram enables a computer to do things? Not resolved as of v0.48. Similar to a learned capability? Is a ComputerProgram a form of learning - at least when installed? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'program' and includes sense 3 of 'code' and sense 1 of 'computer code' in WordNet: 3. (66) program, programme, computer program, computer programme - ((computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; 'the program required several hundred lines of code') WN noun 'code': 3. code, computer code - ((computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerFile-Abstract, :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ComputerProgramExecution ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :ComputerProgramExecution :wnsense "execution3n" ; :wordnet "execution" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ComputerProgramExecution' is an Event in which some computer (of any kind) executes one or more instructions in a 'ComputerProgram'. For a program execution, the Cmoputer is considered as an 'agent' that performs the task. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'execution' in WordNet: 3. execution, instruction execution - ((computer science) the process of carrying out an instruction by a computer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Computing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerProgram ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :ComputerProgrammer :guid "bd58cdf8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coder1n", "computer programmer1n", "programmer1n", "software engineer1n" ; :wordnet "coder", "computer programmer", "programmer", "software engineer" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ComputerUser. Each instance of this collection is an agent (usually a #$Person) who programs computers in some capacity - professional or otherwise. See also #$programsIn, #$ComputerLanguage. NOTE: this is not for automatons - yet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer programmer' in WordNet: 1. programmer, computer programmer, coder, software engineer - (a person who designs and writes and tests computer programs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerUser, :Engineer, :Person . :ComputerScience :wnsense "computer science1n", "computing1n" ; :wordnet "computer science", "computing" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer science' in WordNet: 1. computer science, computing - (the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Engineering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computing ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerProgram ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :ComputerServer :guid "bd653b22-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "host10n", "server3n" ; :wordnet "host", "server" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Computer. Each instance of this collection provides some service for other computers connected to it via a #$ComputerNetwork, by running instances of #$ServerProgram. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'server' in WordNet: 3. server, host - ((computer science) a computer that provides client stations with access to files and printers as shared resources to a computer network) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultipleUserComputer . :ComputerStorageDevice :en "computer storage device" ; :enn "computer storage device" ; :guid "bd589050-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of devices used by computers to store information, e.g., floppy disks, direct access storage devices (DASD), optical disk devices, microfilm libraries, and 5.25 inch hard drives.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerHardwareComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerInformationStorageMedia ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :ComputerUser :guid "bf06c9e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "computer user1n" ; :wordnet "computer user" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Agent-Generic. Each instance of this collection is an agent that uses a #$Computer. This collection includes #$Persons, and also copies of certain computer programs that access other programs (such as web spiders). #$ComputerUsers may be using their computers for personal, scientific, and/or institutional purposes. NOTE: this includes any Person who uses a Device with a ''ComputerDisplay'' that includes the display on a ''SmartPhone'' or any other Device that allows the user to modify the image in some way other than just expanding or shrinking the image size (such as can be done on a digital camera.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'computer user' in WordNet: 1. computer user - (a person who uses computers for work or entertainment or communication or business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :UserRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UsingaComputer ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :ComputerVideoFile :wnsense "video1n" ; :wordnet "video" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ An abstract computer file representing some video (image) sequence; this is an Abstract computer file that may but doesn't have to represent a 'Movie' (which is also abstract, but has physical representations and tells a story). This can but does not have to include sound sequences accompanying the video. See 'AbstractVideo' for the representation that includes both sound and video components. No exact sense in WN, but sense 1 of'video' is closest: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'video' in WordNet: 1. (1) video, picture - (the visible part of a television transmission; 'they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerFile-Abstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Movie :AbstractVideo :VideoRecording ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractVideo ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :Computerized :isAnAttributeValueOf :AbstractDigitalObject, :DigitalInformationBearingObject, :DigitalInformationStore ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ComputerizingInformation ; :wnsense "computerised1adj", "computerized1adj" ; :wordnet "computerised", "computerized" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'computerized' in Wordnet: 1. computerized, computerised - (stored, processed, analyzed, or generated by computer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ComputerizingInformation :wnsense "computerise2v", "computerize2v" ; :wordnet "computerise", "computerize" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ComputerizingInformation'' is the subtype of ''StoringInformation'' in which the Information is stored in some computer-readable digital storage medium - including but not only in a computer RAM or integrated drive. This includes putting data on an external storage medium. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'computerize' in WordNet: 2. computerize, computerise - (store in a computer; 'computerized dictionary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBOCreation, :StoringInformation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalInformationStore ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalInformationBearingObject ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractDigitalObject ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Computing :en "computing" ; :ldoce "calculate" ; :wnsense "calculate1v", "calculation1n", "compute1v" ; :wordnet "calculate", "calculation", "compute" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Performing calculations or computations, whether in symbols or numbers, whether by machine of intelligent agent. This is the most general sense of 'compute' or 'calculate', covering man and machine. Includes but appears to be broader than verb sense 1 of 'calculate' and verb sense 1 of 'compute' and noun sense 1 of 'calculation' in WordNet: 1. (26) calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure - (make a mathematical calculation or computation) WN noun 'calculation': 1. (12) calculation, computation, computing - (the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action . :ComputingDeviceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ComputingDeviceType'' is a metatype which is used to relate types of ''ComputingDevice''s to other things. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceType . :Comrade :ldoce "companion", "fellow", "mate" ; :wnsense "associate2n", "brother3n", "buddy1n", "chum1n", "companion1n", "comrade1n", "crony1n", "familiar2n", "fellow2n", "mate7n", "pal1n", "sidekick1n" ; :wordnet "associate", "brother", "buddy", "chum", "companion", "comrade", "crony", "familiar", "fellow", "mate", "pal", "sidekick" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Comrade' is a 'Friend' who is often in one's company - a closer relation than just 'Friend', and more frequent accompanyer than the most general 'Companion' From Random House Webster: 'friend': 1 a person attached to another by feelings of affection or personal regard. 3. a person who is on good terms with another; a person who is not hostile: Who goes there? Friend or foe? Includes noun sense 1 of 'comrade' and 2 of 'fellow', sense 1 of 'buddy', sense 1 of 'pal' and sense 1 of 'companion' and sense 7 of 'mate' in WordNet: WN 'comrade' 1. (55) companion, comrade, fellow, familiar, associate - (a person who is frequently in the company of another; 'drinking companions'; 'comrades in arms') WN 'buddy': 1. (7) buddy, brother, chum, crony, pal, sidekick - (a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities) WN 'mate' (used mostly in England and Australia?): 7. mate - (informal term for a friend of the same sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Companion, :Friend . :Con :ennp "con" ; :wnsense "con1n" ; :wordnet "con" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'con' in WordNet: 1. (1) con - (an argument opposed to a proposal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Argument . :Concatenating :guid "bd63c183-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "concatenate2v" ; :wordnet "concatenate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Concatenating'' is the act of adding one Object (Physical or Abstract) to one end of another Object so that the two form a unit that can be considered as a unit and also viewed as a chain (a ''LinearlyOrderedGroup) of objects. Thus two words can be concatenated to form a compound word, or two physical objects can be linked together to for a chain of objects CYC 'concatenate: 'just stick em together.' This seems to be mostly for data or strings ('fields') in computer applications, but in COSMO is more general. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'concatenate' in WordNet: 2. concatenate - (add by linking or joining so as to form a chain or series; 'concatenate terms'; 'concatenate characters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :Connecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinearlyOrderedGroup ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Concave :guid "24a85e9a-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "concave1adj" ; :wordnet "concave" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: in CYC 'concave' is a concave *object* (see ''ConcaveObject''), but in COSMO this is the characteristic *attribute* of a concave object Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'concave' in Wordnet: 1. (3) concave - (curving inward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceAttributeValue . :ConcaveObject :guid "24a85e9a-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is an Object or part of an Object that is concave, not the attribute of being concavce. InCyc called simply 'Concave'. Cyc: An attribute of a surface meaning that it is bumped or indented inward. A concave surface has a pair of points which are both closer to a viewer than points on the surface between them. Depending on the context, it may have relatively small subregions which have convexities (e.g. wrinkles, small dents, corrugations) or are flat so long as the overall shape is concave. Saddle-shapes, although convex in certain dimensions, are concave in others and are therefore concave.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, :Surface-Generic . :Concavity :guid "bd5891a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "concavity1n" ; :wordnet "concavity" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Concavity is a Feature considered as a part of an Object, part of a relatively flat surface ('flat' depending on scale or grain size), which is a relatively shallow depression inward (requiring that an in/out axis is recognized). It might also be called loosely a 'Hole' but that term should be used for depressions in a surface too deep to be called a 'Concavity'. As a rough guideline, if the depth below the nominal surface is one half or less than the width of the depression, it should be called a 'Concavity' rather than a 'Hole'. WordNet sense 1 of 'concavity' is vaguer, and would therefore be a parent type for this concept. in WordNet: 1. concave shape, concavity, incurvation, incurvature - (a shape that curves or bends inward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConcaveObject, :PhysicalFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Concealed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :HidingSomething ; :wnsense "concealed2adj" ; :wordnet "concealed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Concealed'' is a subtype of ''Hidden'' characterizing PhysicalObject that cannot be seen with the human eye,because it was an object of a ''HidingSomething'' Action, placed intentionally where it could not be easily seen. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'concealed' in Wordnet: 2. (1) concealed - (hidden on any grounds for any motive; 'a concealed weapon'; 'a concealed compartment in his briefcase') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hidden, :PastParticiple . :ConcealedObject :en "concealed object" ; :enn "concealed object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConcealedObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that cannot be seen with the human eye,because it was an object of a ''HidingSomething'' Action, having been placed intentionally where it could not be easily seen. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concealed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Concealer :en "concealer" ; :guid "c00fa529-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Makeup that conceals skin blemishes. concealer """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Makeup . :ConcedingSomething :wnsense "cede1v", "cede2v", "concede3v", "conceding1n", "concession2n", "deliver10v", "delivery4n", "give up8v", "grant6v", "legal transfer1n", "livery2n", "surrender2v", "yield4v", "yielding2n" ; :wordnet "cede", "concede", "conceding", "concession", "deliver", "delivery", "give up", "grant", "legal transfer", "livery", "surrender", "yield", "yielding" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConcedingSomething'' is a GivingEvent in which the thing given is any of various things of value (a ''ValuableThing'') which can be a Right or an object of value. This has different subtypes, from 'Extradition' to a 'concession' as part of a 'Compromising' Action. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'concede' in WordNet: 3. (4) concede, yield, cede, grant - (give over; surrender or relinquish to the physical control of another) WN noun 'concession': 2. (1) concession, conceding, yielding - (the act of conceding or yielding) WN verb 'cede': 2. surrender, cede, deliver, give up - (relinquish possession or control over; 'The squatters had to surrender the building after the police moved in') WN noun 'delivery': 4. delivery, livery, legal transfer - (the voluntary transfer of something (title or possession) from one party to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgreeingEvent, :GivingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :ValuableThing ] . :Conceited :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Egotism ; :wnsense "conceited1adj", "egotistic1adj", "egotistic2adj", "egotistical1adj", "egotistical2adj", "narcissistic1adj", "self-loving1adj", "swollen-headed1adj", "vain1adj" ; :wordnet "conceited", "egotistic", "egotistical", "narcissistic", "self-loving", "swollen-headed", "vain" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conceited'' is a subtype of ''Disagreeable'' applicable to People who have such a high opinion of ther own ability or worth as to exhibit some indifference to the sensitivty of other people. There are various subtypes and degrees that are exhibited in different manners, and this general type can be subdivided as needed. Corresponds to attribute sense 1 of 'conceited' in WordNet: 1. conceited, egotistic, egotistical, self-conceited, swollen, swollen-headed, vain - (characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance; 'a conceited fool'; 'an attitude of self-conceited arrogance'; 'an egotistical disregard of others'; 'so swollen by victory that he was unfit for normal duty'; 'growing ever more swollen-headed and arbitrary'; 'vain about her clothes') WN adj 'egotistic': 1. egotistic, egotistical, narcissistic, self-loving - (characteristic of those having an inflated idea of their own importance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disagreeable . :ConceivingOfSomething :wnsense "conceive1v", "conceptualise1v", "conceptualize1v", "gestate1v" ; :wordnet "conceive", "conceptualise", "conceptualize", "gestate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'conceive' in WordNet: 1. (21) gestate, conceive, conceptualize, conceptualise - (have the idea for; 'He conceived of a robot that would help paralyzed patients'; 'This library was well conceived') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingMentally, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concept ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Concentrate :wnsense "concentrate2n" ; :wordnet "concentrate" ; a :FluidType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Concentrate'' is a solution whose solutes have become more concentrated by a ''ConcentratingaSolution'' Event. 'conentrated milk'; 'concentrated organge juice' Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'concentrate' (any soltion or suspension in which the non-volatile components have become concentrated by evaporating the liquids) in WordNet: 2. (1) concentrate - (a concentrated form of a foodstuff; the bulk is reduced by removing water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concentrated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConcentratingaSolution ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Concentrated :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Mixture ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dilute ; :wnsense "concentrated2adj" ; :wordnet "concentrated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue *only* of Mixtures, especially mixtures of liquids (Solutions) and mixtures of gases,in which one component (for liquids, the solvent) is dominent, as in aqueous solutions, or in a gas that is salient in some context, particularly the atmosphere. Thus certain substances in aqueous solutions or in the atmosphere may be 'Concentrated'' or ''Dilute'' with respect to the dominant medium. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'concentrated' in WordNet: 2. (6) concentrated - (of or relating to a solution whose dilution has been reduced) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Concentrating :en "being absorbed in", "focused", "focusing attention", "immersing oneself", "immersing oneself in" ; :eng "concentrating", "immersing" ; :guid "c10065de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "absorption5n", "center2v", "centering1n", "centre2v", "concentrate2v", "concentration5n", "direction1n", "direction9n", "engrossment1n", "focal point3n", "focus1n", "focus1v", "focusing1n", "focussing1n", "immersion3n", "pore1v", "rivet1v" ; :wordnet "absorption", "center", "centering", "centre", "concentrate", "concentration", "direction", "engrossment", "focal point", "focus", "focusing", "focussing", "immersion", "pore", "rivet" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Added at rev 665, with 'ThinkingAboutSomething'.", """CYC: A collection of processes; a subset of #$Thinking. Each element of #$Concentrating is a mental process in which the doer's attention is fully or mostly absorbed by his or her thoughts. Every process of mental concentration is also an element of #$PurposefulAction (q.v.). For a somewhat less tightly focused thinking about one topic, use ''Preoccupation''. This is a mental Event, but it may accompany performing a physical task requiring observing or manipulating physical objects. The deeper and more prolonged subtype ''Engrossing'' usually is almost completely mental. For ''Concentrating'' deeply over some period of time use ''Engrossing''. For the act of removing solvent from a solution and getting a more concentrated solution, use 'ConcentratingaSolution'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'concentrate' and verb sense 1 of 'focus' and noun sense 1 of 'focus' in Wordnet: 2. (4) concentrate, focus, center, centre, pore, rivet - (direct one's attention on something; 'Please focus on your studies and not on your hobbies') WN noun 'focus': 1. (7) focus, focusing, focussing, focal point, direction, centering - (the concentration of attention or energy on something; 'the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology'; 'he had no direction in his life') WN noun 'concentration': 5. (2) concentration, engrossment, absorption, immersion - (complete attention; intense mental effort) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardWork, :PayingAttention, :Preoccupation, :ThinkingAboutSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ConcentratingByEvaporation :reversesTheEffectOf :Diluting ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConcentratingaSolution, :Evaporating . :ConcentratingMapleSap a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Preparing MapleSyrup by concentating the sap of the sugar maple.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConcentratingaSolution, :Evaporating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MapleSap ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MapleSyrup ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ConcentratingaSolution :reversesTheEffectOf :Diluting ; :wnsense "concentrate1v" ; :wordnet "concentrate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Removing a Liquid from a Solution to increase the concentration of the Solute. NOTE: the relation that specifies the quantity of a substance in a fluid (e.g. concentration of salt in sea water) is found in the relation 'hasConcentration', which takes a 'ConcentrationMeasure' as its object. The attributes 'Soluble' and 'Insoluble' are related to 'ConcentrationMeasure'. NOTE that in the WN gloss it says the 'solvent' becomes denser - it is in fact the 'solute' that becomes denser (more concentrated) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'oncentrate' in WordNet: 1. (8) concentrate - (make (the solvent of a solution) dense or denser) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Purifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Solvent :SubstanceType :SolventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConcentrationMeasure ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :ConcentratingaSubstance :reversesTheEffectOf :Diluting ; :wnsense "concentrate1v" ; :wordnet "concentrate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Removing a Liquid from a Solution to increase the concentration of the Solute. NOTE: the relation that specifies the quantity of a substance in a fluid (e.g. concentration of salt in sea water) is found in the relation 'hasConcentration', which takes a 'ConcentrationMeasure' as its object. The attributes 'Soluble' and 'Insoluble' are related to 'ConcentrationMeasure'. NOTE that in the WN gloss it says the 'solvent' becomes denser - it is in fact the 'solute' that becomes denser (more concentrated) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'oncentrate' in WordNet: 1. (8) concentrate - (make (the solvent of a solution) dense or denser) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent, :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Solvent :SubstanceType :SolventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConcentrationMeasure ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :ConcentrationMeasure :guid "7f9ae1a4-a2b1-41d7-84e0-bb829004c0ce" ; :wnsense "concentration1n" ; :wordnet "concentration" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Measures of the level of concentration in mass per unit volume of some substance. Each ConcentrationMeasure must have both a MassMeasure and a Volume Measure from which the concentration can be calculated by dividing mass by volume. In Cyc the concentrations are called 'Concentration-PartsPerNumber' and are measured in parts per number: Cyc: The collection of concentrations expressed in terms of parts per million, parts per billion, etc. See #$PartsPerMillion, #$PartsPerBillion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concentration' in WordNet: 1. (58) concentration - - ((chemistry) the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume (expressed as moles/cubic meter)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, :RatioQuantity . :ConcentrationMeasurementResult :en "concentration measurement result", "result of a concentration measurement" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConcentrationMeasurementResult'' is the information derived from a measurement of 'concentration' of some substance. The information may be in abstract form or its physical representation. Instances of this type can serve as the object of the relation ''hadInformationTransferred'' in any case where the value of a ''MeasurableQuantity'' (the information derived from a measurement) is to be conveyed to some place or Agent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurementResult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConcentrationMeasure ] . :Concept :wnsense "concept1n", "conception1n", "construct1n", "notion2n" ; :wordnet "concept", "conception", "construct", "notion" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Concept' is a Thought that is a generalization of some individual (by abstraction of its particular attributes) or of some Group of individuals, but abstraction of their common attributes. This in some ways is close to the notion of a 'type' but is used differently in COSMO, as it must be located in the Brain of some 'IntentionalAgent'. The sense of 'notion' as a weakly held belief or opinion is included in ''Opinion''. This includes two senses of 'concept' from RHW: 1. a general notion or idea; conception. 2. an idea of something formed by mentally combining all its characteristics or particulars; a construct. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'concept' and includes sense 2 of 'notion' in WordNet: 1. (40) concept, conception, construct - (an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances) WN 'notion': 2. (14) notion - (a general inclusive concept) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thought, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :ConceptLinkage :guid "bd58eb50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "association6n", "connectedness2n", "connection2n", "connexion2n" ; :wordnet "association", "connectedness", "connection", "connexion" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: another method for creating relations that are in effect higher order than binary is discussed in the comments for relation ''has'' (an owl:ObjectProperty) using an ''InstanceOfType'' as the object of the relation. See comment for ''has''. A ''ConceptLinkage'' is an Assertion (an abstract ''InformationObject'') that is created by an Action of ''AssociatingIdeas''. Each ConceptLinkage expresses a logical or conceptual ''Relation'' between two or more Concepts, and is the result of a Person thinking about those concepts and recognizing the connection. An example in ESKIF format: {Falling isCausedby Gravity} NOTE: the connector 'isCausedBy' in this logical sentence is represented in COSMO as a ''Relation'' (i.e. a 'semantic relation'). The process in which this is used proceeds thus: ''AssociatingIdeas'' (a form or Reasoning, Thinking) *creates a ''ConceptLinkage'' (an assertion expressing the association that was recognized); and a ''Relation'' is the formal link between the ideas that were associated. This appears to be similar to the CYC concept: 'Connection-Configuration': CYC:This is the parent unit for all the connection units. A connection is used to describe a relation that one cannot (or does not wish to) represent as a binary predicate or if you want to say something very specific about that specific relation. In general, if a binary predicate is available then the connection unit is not required. eg. The time relations are expressed in terms of binary relations and hence don't come under this. -lt; Though in some abstract sense they are also connections -gt; (subClassOf rdf:resource= #Configuration) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'connection' in WordNet: 2. connection, connexion, connectedness - (a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it); 'there was a connection between eating that pickle and having that nightmare') WN noun 'association': 6. association - (a relation resulting from interaction or dependence; 'flints were found in association with the prehistoric remains of the bear'; 'the host is not always injured by association with a parasite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :AssociatingIdeas ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Relation ] . :Conception :en "conceiving", "designing", "innovating", "inventing" ; :ldoce "invent" ; :wnsense "conception4n", "design7n", "excogitation2n", "innovation2n", "invention1n" ; :wordnet "conception", "design", "excogitation", "innovation", "invention" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conception'' is the act of conceiving something in the mind - any new idea (new at least to the one doing the conceiving). Inventing a Device is the subtype ''InventingEvent''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'conception' in WordNet: 4. (1) invention, innovation, excogitation, conception, design - (the creation of something in the mind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Inventor ] . :Conceptual :pertainsTo :Concept ; :wnsense "conceptional1adj", "conceptual1adj", "ideational1adj", "notional4adj" ; :wordnet "conceptional", "conceptual", "ideational", "notional" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conceptual'' is a AttributeValue pertaining to ''Concept''s, ideas, or Notions, as contrasted with specific instances or 'particulars' or sensory experiences. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conceptual' in WordNet: 1. (2) conceptual - (being or characterized by concepts or their formation; 'conceptual discussions'; 'the schizophrenic loses ability to abstract or do conceptual thinking'; 'sex is a notional category, gender is a grammatical category') WN adj 'notional': 4. conceptional, ideational, notional - (being of the nature of a notion or concept; 'a plan abstract and conceptional'; 'to improve notional comprehension'; 'a notional response to the question') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ConceptualWork a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO a 'ConceptualWork' (a MentalObject) is classified as an AbstractSymbolicObject, since such works are always created in symbols, though the symbols may have information content - the 'meaning'. COSMO differs somewhat from the Cyc description in that we consider Codes to be included, but have a different usage of the term 'Code'. Cyc: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 ('ConceptualWork') The collection of abstract works which are the deliberate creations of one or more individuals working in concert, have instantiations [#$instantiationOfCW] which are #$InformationBearingThings, and associated #$AbstractInformationStructures. This is a specialization of #$DevisedPracticeOrWork [q.v.]. For works with propositional content see the more specific collection, #$PropositionalConceptualWork (PCW). Positive examples include: #$MobyDickNovel (as opposed to any instances of #$BookCopy such that (#$instantiationOfCW #$MobyDickNovel BOOK_COPY)), Beethoven's 9th Symphony (as opposed to any performance of this symphony or any copy of its score). Negative examples include: games (performances are not IBTs), awards (they do not have associated #$AbstractInformationStructures), paintings (not abstract), customs (not deliberate creations), natural languages (not a deliberate creation), and codes (their uses, not instantiations, are IBTs). @ToDo: John Sowa suggests (20130528) that a ConceptualWork should include variants in its extension of instances: DF >> If an author forgets a work, but goes through the same process as >> before to regenerate the work, would you consider the regenerated >> work the \"same individual\"? PC > No, unless the author, in recreating the work is actually prodding > him/herself to remember what was in the original, in which case it is > a remembering of what already exists. This difference may well be > indeterminate, even to the author. JS: This is just one example of the many thorny problems. I suggest that you define 'cultural work' to include the process that may produce multiple tokens of several closely related types. Many authors who had their original manuscripts destroyed or lost later recreated a very similar manuscript. I suggest that the term 'cultural work' include the process that generates a family of one or more closely related versions that lead to one token whose type is considered definitive. Ballet, for example, is an art form that originated in 15th century Italy and reached its 'classic' form in France under Louis XVI. Long before the 20th c, multiple performances of 'the same' ballet were produced by the same choreographer and cast. Some were copied by rivals or by students of the original choreographer. For a particular ballet, which token is definitive? The first public performance? One of the many practice sessions? One of the later, more highly polished and perfected public performances? A much later film recording? These questions can be clarified by treating every cultural work as a process that produces one or more related types, any of which may have multiple tokens. The policy for determining which type is definitive is a social convention that may vary for different art forms and methods for producing tokens. In COSMO a conceptual work that has multiple concrete manifestations is treated as a 'specification' (for Actions) or an ''AbstractObject'' (for Objects). A performance of a specification may be interpreted and performed in varied ways, and in that case each variant is specification that is a subtype of the original. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, :Artifact-Generic, :ExternalReferringThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :ConceptualWorkAcccessLocation a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConceptualWorkAcccessLocation'' is any of various places where a ''ConceptualWork'' can be obtained. The ''ConceptualWork'' is an AbstractObject, so the 'location' need not be a place in physical space, but could be a 'location' in some virtual space such as the Internet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ConceptualWork ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AccessingaConceptualWork ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :ConceptualWorkAddress a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConceptualWorkAddress'' is a string that identifies a name and location (which may be an organization such as a publisher, or a URL) that specifies how a person can access a ''ConceptualWork''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddressString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ConceptualWorkAcccessLocation ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :ConceptualWorkSequel :wnsense "continuation2n", "sequel2n" ; :wordnet "continuation", "sequel" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConceptualWorkSequel'' is a ''ConceptualWork'' (Book or Movie) that continues the narrative of a previous ''ConceptualWork'' with at least some of the same characters or descendents of characters appearing in the original ''ConceptualWork''. This is most commonly observed in 'sequels' to movies that proved to be popular and prompted the production of subsequent works that follow the time and themes of the orginal. Sometimes the sequels can form a series of more than three works, such as with 'Star Wars' or 'Raiders of the Lost Ark' (giving rise to the 'Indiana Jones' series). NOTE: a TV series is designed to be a series, and the works following the original production are not usually referred to as 'sequels', rather as 'episodes'. ?Should an episode be a subtype of sequel? In addition to 'sequels' occasionally a popular work is followed by production of a 'prequel' that tells the story of events that led to the events of the original, at an earlier time than depicted in the original. NOTE: no WN sense of 'sequel' seems to have exactly this meaning, but the gloss of sense 2 suggests a meaning coser to an 'addendum' to a book. This type uses WN sense 2 as the closest WN sense. Closer is the RHW sense 1 of 'sequel': 1. a literary work, movie, etc., that is complete in itself but continues the narrative of a preceding work. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'sequel' in WordNet: 2. sequel, continuation - (a part added to a book or play that continues and extends it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork . :Concern :guid "bd5893f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "concern" ; :wnsense "concern2n" ; :wordnet "concern" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the most general *mental* subtype of ''Discomfort''. Includes anxiety, worry, uease of any kind. CYC: Care for, preocupation, worry. The feeling of a person with his/her mind engrossed by something pertinent to himself or another, due to his'her responsibility, interest or affection. COSMO note: A feeling does not have to be totally preoccupying to be a 'Concern'. A person may have many concerns at one time. A Concern in COSMO must be directed at least in part at some possible future bad event. Linguistically that future event would be the ?X in the phrase {J is concerned about ?X} When such a phrase is used with ?X being an object (a person), the concern is actually about something happening to that object, and the thing that might happen to that object is the 'FutureSituation' filler in the restriction. The word 'concern' may be used in other senses, but those senses would be represented differently in COSMO. Includes noun sense 2 of 'concern' in WordNet: 2. (200) concern, care, fear - (an anxious feeling; 'care had aged him'; 'they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :Discomfort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concerned ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Satisfaction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Concerned :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Concern ; :isTheOppositeOf :Untroubled ; :wnsense "concerned1adj", "uneasy2adj" ; :wordnet "concerned", "uneasy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing ''Concern''. This is a broad attribute describing anyone not feeling completely at ease. More intense levels of concern are represented by subtypes ''Nervous'' and ''Anxious''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'concerned' in WordNet: 1. (15) concerned - (feeling or showing worry or solicitude; 'concerned parents of youthful offenders'; 'was concerned about the future'; 'we feel concerned about accomplishing the task at hand'; 'greatly concerned not to disappoint a small child') WN adj 'anxious': 2. anxious, nervous, queasy, uneasy, unquiet - (causing or fraught with or showing anxiety; 'spent an anxious night waiting for the test results'; 'cast anxious glances behind her'; 'those nervous moments before takeoff'; 'an unquiet mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uncomfortable . :Concert :alwaysCauses :Music ; :ldoce "concert" ; :wnsense "concert1n" ; :wordnet "concert" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MusicalPerformance in which the main intended entertainment component is the music produced, and not the appearance or behavior of the people producing the music. Therefore this type does not include musical dramas, operas, and other entertainments where a significant part of the entertainment value is visual rather than audible. This corresponds to WordNet sense 1 (the only sense) of 'concert: in WordNet: 1. (5) concert - (a performance of music by players or singers not involving theatrical staging) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Concerted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Combining, :CooperationEvent, :WorkingTogether ; :wnsense "co-operative1adj", "co-operative2adj", "combined1adj", "concerted1adj", "conjunct3adj", "cooperative1adj", "cooperative2adj", "united2adj" ; :wordnet "co-operative", "combined", "concerted", "conjunct", "cooperative", "united" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Concerted'' is an Attribute of Actions that involve two or more People or Groups toward some Goal. usually used for large groups but the only formal lower limit is two people. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'combined' in WordNet: 1. (5) combined, concerted, conjunct, conjunctive, cooperative, united - (involving the joint activity of two or more; 'the attack was met by the combined strength of two divisions'; 'concerted action'; 'the conjunct influence of fire and strong wind'; 'the conjunctive focus of political opposition'; 'a cooperative effort'; 'a united effort'; 'joint military activities') 2. (3) cooperative - (done with or working with others for a common purpose or benefit; 'a cooperative effort') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combined . :Concerto :guid "c0a007f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "concerto1n" ; :wordnet "concerto" ; a :ActionType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Concerto'' is a form of ''ClassicalMusic'' performance that includes orchestral parts and solo performances. CYC; The collection of all concertos, a common form of #$ClassicalMusic in which one or more soloists is accompanied by an #$Orchestra. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concerto' in WordNet: 1. (3) concerto - (a composition for orchestra and a soloist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :ClassicalMusic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrchestraMusic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SoloMusicalPerformance ] . :Concession :wnsense "concession1n", "grant7n" ; :wordnet "concession", "grant" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Concession'' is a ''MakingaContract'' that transfers a ''Franchise'' (a ''Right' that is a ''Permission'') from a business granting the concession (a 'Concessionaire') and a Person or business being granted the Concession (the 'Concessioner') that allows the 'Concessioner' to sell goods or services that are the legal intellectual property of the 'Concessionaire', or to which the Concessionaire has an exclusive right. This is the making a contract action,not the contract itself. The Permission granted is a ''Franchise' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concession' in WordNet: 1. (2) concession, grant - (a contract granting the right to operate a subsidiary business; 'he got the beer concession at the ball park') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeInUserRights, :GrantingPermission, :MakingaContract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Franchise ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Conclusion :en "inference" ; :wnsense "conclusion5n", "deduction3n", "entailment1n", "implication1n" ; :wordnet "conclusion", "deduction", "entailment", "implication" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Assertion that is created by a Reasoning Event. The noun 'inference' is not present in WN in this sense, but this is one of the meanings of that word. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conclusion' and sense 3 of 'deduction' in Wordnet: 5. (1) conclusion, ratiocination - (the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)) WN noun 'deduction': 3. (1) deduction, entailment, implication - (something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); 'his resignation had political implications') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Inferring ] . :Conclusive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proving ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Proving ; :wnsense "conclusive1adj", "conclusive2adj", "definitive2adj", "definitive3adj", "determinate1adj" ; :wordnet "conclusive", "definitive", "determinate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Conclusive'' is the attribute of something, and argument or proof or evidence of some kind, that leaves little doubt about the answer to a question. ''Conclusive'' and its subtype ''Determining'' suggest an ability to convince more than one person because of a basis in objective observations and logic. ''Determining'' also suggests a final degree of ''Conclusive'' leaving no doubts unanswered - a slight nuance. For things 'proving' a fact the subAttribute ''Probatory'' is more specific. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'conclusive' and part of sense 3 of 'definitive' in Wordnet: 1. (3) conclusive - (forming an end or termination; especially putting an end to doubt or question; 'conclusive proof'; 'the evidence is conclusive') 2. (3) conclusive - (final and deciding; 'the conclusive reason') WN adj 'definitive': 3. definitive, determinate - (supplying or being a final or conclusive settlement; 'a definitive verdict'; 'a determinate answer to the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convincing . :Concrete :guid "bd590360-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Gravel ; :wnsense "concrete1n" ; :wordnet "concrete" ; a :PavingType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Concrete is a specialization of #$ArtificialMaterial and #$BuildingMaterial. Each instance of #$Concrete is a piece of an artificial mixture of cement, gravel, sand, and (during mixture, pouring, and forming) water. Used widely in construction, pieces of concrete are formed into the desired shape while fluid and afterward hardened into a sturdy, durable material. Instances of #$Concrete include bridge pilings, foundations of houses, and sidewalks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concrete' in Wordnet: 1. (18) concrete - (a strong hard building material composed of sand and gravel and cement and water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuildingMaterial, :PavingMaterial, :SolidifyingSubstance . :Concrete-Adj :wnsense "concrete1adj", "physical3adj" ; :wordnet "concrete", "physical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Concrete-Adj'' describes things (Objects or Events) that are PhysicalObjects or are Events or Processes that involve PhysicalObjects as participants. Such things are observable (at least in theory - though they may be to far for any light signal to ever reach Earth (because of expansion of the universe.) In COSMO 'concrete' does not require perception by human senses as any form of detection by instruments also makes somethingc oncrete. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'concrete' in WordNet: 1. (9) concrete - (capable of being perceived by the senses; not abstract or imaginary; 'concrete objects such as trees') WN adj 'physical': 3. (6) physical - (having substance or material existence; perceptible to the senses; 'a physical manifestation'; 'surrounded by tangible objects') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Concussion :wnsense "concussion1n" ; :wordnet "concussion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Concussion'' is a ''BrainInjury''caused by a blow to the head.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concussion' in WordNet: 1. (1) concussion - (injury to the brain caused by a blow; usually resulting in loss of consciousness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrainInjury, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlowToTheHead ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :Condemning :wnsense "condemn1v", "condemnation1n", "decry1v", "excoriate1v", "reprobate3v" ; :wordnet "condemn", "condemnation", "decry", "excoriate", "reprobate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Condemning'' is a ''Denouncing'' that strongly expresses not only disapproval,but suggests that the Actions, Words, or ideas that are condemned are exceptionally bad and morally blameworthy. (THis may be more specialized than the way the term is often used). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'condemn' in WordNet: 1. (18) condemn, reprobate, decry, objurgate, excoriate - (express strong disapproval of; 'We condemn the racism in South Africa'; 'These ideas were reprobated') WN noun'condemnation': 1. (3) disapprobation, condemnation - (an expression of strong disapproval; pronouncing as wrong or morally culpable; 'his uncompromising condemnation of racism') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Denouncing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Criticism ] . :Condensed :en "condensed" ; :enadj "condensed" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Liquid ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Condensing ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Condensed'' is the attribute of something that has changed from a vapor phase into a liquid. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Condenser :wnsense "condenser2n" ; :wordnet "condenser" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'condenser' in WordNet: 2. condenser - (an apparatus that converts vapor into liquid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Condensing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Condensing :en "condensing" ; :guid "be01163d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "condensation2n", "condense4v" ; :wordnet "condensation", "condense" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of #$Condensing, a gas is cooled to (or its pressure lowered to) the point where the relative humidity (or similar partial pressure measure if something other than water is condensing) is greater than 100%, changing part of a component of the gas from the #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter to the #$Liquid-StateOfMatter. SUMO: The Class of Processes where an Object is cooled and converted from a Gas to a Liquid. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'condense' and noun sense 1 of 'condensing' and noun sense of 'condensation' in Wordnet: 4. condense - (cause a gas or vapor to change into a liquid; 'The cold air condensed the steam') WN noun 'condensation': 2. (1) condensation - (the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatProductionProcess, :StateChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vaporization ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Condensed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Condiment :guid "bd58dd7d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "condiment1n" ; :wordnet "condiment" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$FoodIngredientOnly. Each instance of #$Condiment is a substance used to flavor or complement a foodstuff. Some commonly used condiments are ketchup, mustard, relish, mayonaise, salt and pepper. Instances of #$Condiment are not eaten by themselves, but they are often served in their own dishes, so that the consumer can season his/her own food directly. COSMO note: Condiments in COSMO are always artifacts, in that they have been processed in some way to make them usable as component of prepared food. Thus, unlike Food in general, a Condiment is a Product and therefore a ConsumableProduct. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condiment' in Wordnet: 1. condiment - (a preparation (a sauce or relish or spice) to enhance flavor or enjoyment; 'mustard and ketchup are condiments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumableProduct, :FoodIngredientOnly . :ConditionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of SystemCondition as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventType . :Conditional :isTheOppositeOf :Unconditional ; :wnsense "conditional1adj", "conditional2adj" ; :wordnet "conditional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conditional'' is an AttributeValue of some Thing that may or may not occur, depending on some 'condition'(s). Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'conditional' in Wordnet: 1. (1) conditional - (qualified by reservations) 2. conditional - (imposing or depending on or containing a condition; 'conditional acceptance of the terms'; 'lent conditional support'; 'the conditional sale will not be complete until the full purchase price is paid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contingent . :ConditionalPromise :en "conditional promise", "contingent promise", "qualified promise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ConditionalPromise' is Promise to do something if some conditions are satisfied. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Promise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conditional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Conditioned :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ConditioningSomeone ; :wnsense "conditioned1adj", "learned3adj" ; :wordnet "conditioned", "learned" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Conditioned'' is for Animals (including people) that are learned conditioned to perform (or avoid)) some Action by the ''Conditioning'' process. For the attribute of actions that are learned by ''Conditioning'' use ''LearnedByConditioning''. Corresponds to part (for animals of adjective sense 1 of 'conditioned' in Wordnet: 1. conditioned, learned - (established by conditioning or learning; 'a conditioned response') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Conditioning :wnsense "condition1v", "conditioning1n" ; :wordnet "condition", "conditioning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This appears to be the specific psychological meanng, as in RHW 'condition' 23. Psychol. to establish a conditioned response in (a subject). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conditioning' in WordNet: 1. (2) conditioning - (a learning process in which an organism's behavior becomes dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its environment) WN verb 'condition': 1. (2) condition - (establish a conditioned response) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcquisitionalLearning, :Habituation . :ConditioningSomeone :wnsense "check11v", "condition2v", "discipline1v", "train3v" ; :wordnet "check", "condition", "discipline", "train" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type includes training oneself. The Action of 'Conditioning' behavior by the use of punishment is represented by the subtype ''Disciplining''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'condition' in WordNet: 2. (1) discipline, train, check, condition - (train by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control; 'Parents must discipline their children'; 'Is this dog trained?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :TrainingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CorrectingBehavior ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CorrectingBehavior ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :UndesirableBehavior ] . :Conditions :en "conditions", "preconditions", "provisos", "stipulations", "terms" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Conditions'' is a Group of ''Proviso''s that apply to the same thing (usually an action) that is conditioned on some other situation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Proviso ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Condom :guid "c0fd6606-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "condom1n", "prophylactic2n", "rubber4n" ; :wordnet "condom", "prophylactic", "rubber" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of (usually) rubber, worn by a man during sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy and/or transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condom' in WordNet: 1. condom, rubber, safety, safe, prophylactic - (contraceptive device consisting of a sheath of thin rubber or latex that is worn over the penis during intercourse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContraceptiveDevice, :Device-OneTimeUse, :DisposableProduct, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :WearableItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Penis ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Penis ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanSexualIntercourse ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MalePerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Condominium :guid "bd644183-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "condominium2n" ; :wordnet "condominium" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$Condominium is a #$ResidentialBuilding whose #$SingleResidenceUnits are individually owned and whose common areas are jointly owned by the residents of the building. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'condominium' in WordNet: 2. condominium - (housing consisting of a complex of dwelling units (as an apartment house) in which each unit is individually owned) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residence, :ResidentialBuilding . :CondominiumUnit :wnsense "condo1n", "condominium1n" ; :wordnet "condo", "condominium" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Same as an Apartment, but owned by someone who does not own the whole building. The CondominiumApartment may of may not be owned by the person who lives in it. Apartments in condominiums where the units are owned by different people (who may or may not live in their owned units) are calssified as 'CondominiumApartment'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condo' in WordNet: 1. condominium, condo - (one of the dwelling units in a condominium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, :SingleResidenceUnit . :Condoning :wnsense "condone1v", "excuse6v" ; :wordnet "condone", "excuse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Condoning'' is a ''Forgiving'' in which a Person decides not to punish or hold a resentment against another Person for performing some ''AntisocialAction'' or ''UpsettingEvent''. This can be done for any reason, often because the one doing the Condoning understands the reasons for the undesirable Action performed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'condone' in WordNet: 1. (1) excuse, condone - (excuse, overlook, or make allowances for; be lenient with; 'excuse someone's behavior'; 'She condoned her husband's occasional infidelities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forgiving, :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tolerance ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Punishing ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BurdenOfPunishment ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :Condor :guid "be64dace-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "condor1n" ; :wordnet "condor" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: 1. either of two large, New World vultures of the family Cathartidae, Gymnogyps californianus (California condor) or Vultur gryphus (Andean condor), the largest flying birds in the Western Hemisphere: the California condor is almost extinct; the Andean condor is greatly reduced in number and rare in many areas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condor' in WordNet: 1. condor - (the largest flying birds in the western hemisphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LargestThingInaContext, :Vulture . :ConducingToSomething :en "conduce to", "lead to" ; :env "conduce to", "lead to" ; :wnsense "conduce1v", "contribute3v", "lead9v" ; :wordnet "conduce", "contribute", "lead" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConducingToSomething'' is a manner of ''PromotingSomething'' that is any Situation or Action that helps advance a goal or cause by making the progress to that goal easier. NOTE: These terms are always used following by 'to' that introduces the Acton that is helped by the subject of the verb. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'conduce' in WordNet: 1. contribute, lead, conduce - (be conducive to; 'The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingSomethingDoSomething . :Conducive :en "conducive to", "contributing to" ; :enadj "conducive to", "contributing to" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ConducingToSomething ; :wnsense "conducive1adj", "contributing1adj", "contributive1adj", "contributory1adj", "tributary3adj" ; :wordnet "conducive", "contributing", "contributive", "contributory", "tributary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conducive' in Wordnet: 1. conducive, contributing, contributive, contributory, tributary - (tending to bring about; being partly responsible for; 'working conditions are not conducive to productivity'; 'the seaport was a contributing factor in the growth of the city'; 'a contributory factor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ConductingMedium :guid "bd58887d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "conductor3n" ; :wordnet "conductor" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$ConductingMedium is a partially tangible object that can serve as a conductor, e.g., for heat or electricity. Specializations include #$PowerLine, #$Superconductor, and #$ElectricalWire. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conductor' in WordNet: 3. (1) conductor - (a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :ConductingWire :hasQualitativeAttribute :ElectricallyConductive ; :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction :ElectricalConduction ; :isaShapedFormOfSubstance :ElectricalConductor ; :wnsense "conducting wire1n", "wire2n" ; :wordnet "conducting wire", "wire" ; a :MalleableThingType, :MetalType, :WireType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConductingWire'' is a SolidSubstance consisting of Copper or Aluminum or other metallic substance (e.g. silver) designed to conduct electricity, in the shape of a ''Wire''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conducting wire' in WordNet: 2. (5) wire, conducting wire - (a metal conductor that carries electricity over a distance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WireStuff . :ConductingaMusicalComposition :ldoce "conduct" ; :wnsense "conduct6v" ; :wordnet "conduct" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConductingaMusicalPiece'' is a subEvent of 'ConductingaMusicalGroup' that is performed when some specific ''MusicalComposition'' is played for an audience. For conducting in general, rather than a specific ''MusicalComposition'', use the implied Action NOTE that this Action implies the performance of a simultaneous ''ConductingaMusicalGroup'' by the same conductor, which is thus represented by ''isaSubEventOf' relation; but the inverse is not always true. ('B conducted the Boston Symphony in Beethoven's fifth' = 'B conducted Beethoven's fifth at the Boston Symphony'). Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'conduct' in WordNet: 6. conduct - (lead musicians in the performance of; 'Bernstein conducted Mahler like no other conductor'; 'she cannot conduct modern pieces') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectingAnAgent, :DirectingAnOperation, :MusicalPerformance, :PerformingArtActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalComposition ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConductingaMusicalGroup ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conductor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :ConductingaMusicalGroup :ldoce "conduct" ; :wnsense "conduct2v", "conduct6v", "conducting2n", "direct8v", "lead10v" ; :wordnet "conduct", "conducting", "direct", "lead" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ConductingaMusicalGroup' is an Action performed by the conductor of an orchestra or some other musical group, leading the group. NOTE: this action can be done without an audience present, as in practice sessions, and may be a conducting that does not involve playng a specific piece. For conducting a specific ''MusicalComposition'' use the occasional subEvent ''ConductingaMusicalComposition''. Includes verb sense 2 of 'conduct' and noun sense 2 of 'conducting' in WordNet: 2. (30) conduct, lead, direct - (lead, as in the performance of a composition; 'conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years') WN noun 'conducting' 2. conducting - (the direction of an orchestra or choir; 'he does not use a baton for conducting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectingAnAgent, :DirectingAnOperation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConductingaMusicalComposition ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conductor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Conductive :wnsense "conductive1adj" ; :wordnet "conductive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Able to conduct electricity or heat. (or Laser light??) The subtypes should be used where applicable (e.g. .''ElectricallyConductive''). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conductive' in Wordnet: 1. conductive - (having the quality or power of conducting heat or electricity or sound; exhibiting conductivity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ConductiveObject :en "conductive object" ; :guid "bd588903-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ConductiveObject is an object, like an electrical wire, whose primary constituent component substance is electrically conductive. This Type will serve to specify the actual conductive part of devices that conduct electricity - the metal wires and socket parts in an extension cord, for example. Instances are not necessarily artifacts. A human body is a conductive object, consisting mostly of salty conductive aqueous solutions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalConductor ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricallyConductive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Conductivity :wnsense "conduction1n", "conductivity1n" ; :wordnet "conduction", "conductivity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conductivity''is a ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' in which heat or electricity or sound is conducted by some medium from one location to another.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conductivity' in WordNet: 1. (2) conduction, conductivity - (the transmission of heat or electricity or sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer, :PhysicalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physics ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ] . :Conductor :wnsense "conductor1n" ; :wordnet "conductor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who directs a musical group such as an orchestra in the performance of musical pieces. This is not necessarily a paid position, but it usually is. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conductor' in WordNet: 1. (6) conductor, music director, director - (the person who leads a musical group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalPerformer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConductingaMusicalGroup ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConductingaMusicalComposition ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :ConductorDevice :wnsense "conductor2n" ; :wordnet "conductor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''\"ConductorDevice'' is a ''Device'', like an electrical wire, that consists mostly of an ''ElectricalConductor'' that is designed to conduct electricity. This is usually one part of a larger ''Device'' that may be very complex, such as a CPU. Corresponds to part (for electricity) of noun sense 1 of 'conductor' in WordNet: 2. (3) conductor - (a device designed to transmit electricity, heat, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConductiveObject, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalConduction ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :ConductorsBaton :wnsense "baton1n", "wand4n" ; :wordnet "baton", "wand" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConductorsBaton'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'baton' in WordNet: 1. (3) baton, wand - (a thin tapered rod used by a conductor to lead an orchestra or choir) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :LongAndThinThing, :PointyEndedObject, :Rod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conductor ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ] . :Condyle :guid "c0bf6569-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "condyle1n" ; :wordnet "condyle" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Condyle is a rounded attachment on a bone at point of contact with another bone. It is used to control articulation of the joint. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condyle' in WordNet: 1. condyle - (a round bump on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage, :BoneSubPart . :Cone :guid "c10c3348-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cone1n", "cone2n" ; :wordnet "cone" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing and #$RoundObject. Each instance of #$Cone is a three-dimensional geometric object with a circular base; the rest of the surface of the object is formed by lines joining each point of the periphery of the base to a common vertex. Examples include spatially localized objects (e.g. the space occupied by a traffic cone can be approximated as an instance of #$Cone) and abstract objects (e.g. the cone generated by rotating a right triangle about one of its sides). SUMO: The class of ThreeDimensionalFigures which are produced by rotating a RightTriangle around its RightAngle. NOTE:a ''TrunatedCone'' is a subtype of this ''Cone'' but probably needs a different parent. Perhaps it is a ''part of a cone''? Includes nooun senses 1 and 2 of 'cone' in WordNet: 1. (4) cone - (any cone-shaped artifact) 2. cone, conoid, cone shape - (a shape whose base is a circle and whose sides taper up to a point) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoundObject, :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tapered ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Confection :wnsense "confection1n", "sweet3n" ; :wordnet "confection", "sweet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a generic sweet object used as a confection, which can be anything that has sugar or a sugar substitute in it. This can be a piece of cake or other sweet object not usually thought of as ''Candy''. See ''CandyObject'' for a piece of candy. A ''Confection'' is often a ''FingerFood'', but not necessarily, as cakes and pies are often eaten with forks. NOTE that WordNet does not distinguish between a sweet substance and sweet object - the WordNet sense is referenced for both of those distinct concepts in COSMO. This ''Confection'' is for the object. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sweet' in Wordnet: 3. sweet, confection - (a food rich in sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SweetTastingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTastingSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :Confectioner :guid "bd58ea65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "candymaker1n", "confectioner1n" ; :wordnet "candymaker", "confectioner" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'confectioner' in WordNet: 1. confectioner, candymaker - (someone who makes candies and other sweets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodProfessional, :MiddleClass . :Confectionery :en "candy maker" ; :guid "bd58eaa7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ An organization that manages a candy manufacturing facility. It may also manufacture other things such as cakes. For the store that sells candies, use ''CandyStore''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manufacturer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Candy ; owl:onProperty :manufactures ] . :Conference :ldoce "meeting" ; :wnsense "conference1n", "meeting2n" ; :wordnet "conference", "meeting" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A formal 'Meeting' of more than a few persons but with as many as thousands that is arranged to discuss some topic or group of related topics - often scientific - and where individuals present 'papers' on that topic. There is usually discussion included, but that is not a necessary element. For this ontology, a large ''Conference'' with more than a few ''Presentation''s will be represented by subtype ''Symposium'', whether or not it is called by that name. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conference' in WordNet: 1. (12) conference - (a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalMeeting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lecture ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Conferring :en "consulting" ; :wnsense "confab2v", "confabulate3v", "confer1v", "conference3n", "consult3v", "consultation2n", "group discussion1n" ; :wordnet "confab", "confabulate", "confer", "conference", "consult", "consultation", "group discussion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conferring'' is a ''Discussion'' in which the topic under discussion is explored in detail. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'confer' in WordNet: 1. (1) confer, confabulate, confab, consult - (have a conference in order to talk something over; 'We conferred about a plan of action') WN noun 'consultation': 2. (2) consultation - (a conference between two or more people to consider a particular question; 'frequent consultations with his lawyer'; 'a consultation of several medical specialists') WN noun 'conference': 3. (2) conference, group discussion - (a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discussion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Detailed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Confessing :en "confessing" ; :wnsense "concede1v", "confess1v", "confess2v", "confession1n" ; :wordnet "concede", "confess", "confession" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Confessing'' is an Action by a Person ''AdmttingaFact'', where the fact is some 'Guilt' that the person confessing performed some Action that is forbidden, and perhaps punishable, and possibly illegal. NOTE that 'squeal; and 'fink' are not confesions about what the confessing person did, but about what others did. That needs a separate type. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'confess' and noun sense 1 of 'confession' in WordNet: 1. (10) confess, squeal, shrive, fink - (confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure) 2. (3) concede, profess, confess - (admit, make a clean breast of; 'She confessed that she had taken the money') WN noun 'confession': 1. (4) confession - (an admission of misdeeds or faults) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdmittingaFact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Confession ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Confession :en "confession" ; :wnsense "confession2n" ; :wordnet "confession" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Confession'' is a 'LinguisticAssertion' that represents the propositional content of a 'Confessing' Action.. RHW 'confession': 3. something that is confessed. There is no WN sense for the 'Asertion' produced by a 'Confessing' Close to noun sense 2 of 'confession' (but this type is an Assertion, and WN confesion is a document - a physical representation of this. For the time being this can serves as a stand-in) in WordNet: 2. (1) confession - (a written document acknowledging an offense and signed by the guilty party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Confessing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :ConfidenceInterval :en "confidence interval" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ConfidenceInterval is an expression of the range of possible values that might represent the actual value for some QuantitativeAttributeValue which is a measurable attribute of some Entity. The range is in one dimension, which distinguishes this type of error from an 'ErrorEllipse'. It is expressed as a QuantitativeAttributeValue, in the same units as the measurement. There are various ways to express the uncertainty of a measurement. A common way is to assume (or know from experience) that the measurements will distribute according to a Gaussian distribution, and express the uncertainty as one ''StandardDeviation'' (which see) - which means that 66% of the time, measures are within (plus or minus) the specified numerical distance from the nominal value. See also ''StandardDeviation''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandOfValues, :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :ValueRange . :ConfidenceLevel a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ConfidenceLevel is an Attribute of an assertion that quantitatively expresses the belief of the person making the assertion that the assertion is true. The value of the confidence level is a percentage, expressed as real number from 0 to 1 with the units 'percent'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercentageAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssertionConfidence ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeType ] . :Confident :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :SelfConfidence ; :ldoce "confident" ; :wnsense "confident1adj" ; :wordnet "confident" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling Confidence. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'confident' in WordNet: 1. (7) confident - (having or marked by confidence or assurance; 'a confident speaker'; 'a confident reply'; 'his manner is more confident these days'; 'confident of fulfillment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :Confidential :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Information ; :isTheOppositeOf :PubliclyKnown ; :wnsense "confidential2adj" ; :wordnet "confidential" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Confidential'' is an attribute of: information that at least one person has, and is communicated, to persons expected not to reveal it to others except for those that the original communicator agrees are eligible to receive the information. For the more intensive degree of sensitivity use ''Secret''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'confidential' in Wordnet: 2. confidential, secret - ((of information) given in confidence or in secret; 'this arrangement must be kept confidential'; 'their secret communications') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Confidentiality :wnsense "confidentiality1n" ; :wordnet "confidentiality" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Confidentiality' is a PersistentState in which some ''InformationObject'' is kept 'confidential. i.e. known only by a small number of people, not made public. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'confidentiality' in WordNet: 1. (1) confidentiality - (the state of being secret; 'you must respect the confidentiality of your client's communications') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Confidential ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Confidential ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :ConfidentialityTrait :en "confidentiality trait", "trait of confidentiality" ; :enn "confidentiality trait", "trait of confidentiality" ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Tightlipped ; :wnsense "confidentiality2n" ; :wordnet "confidentiality" ; a :CapabilityType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConfidentialityTrait'' is a type of ''Discreetness'' in being careful to keep secrets. The trait of someone who is 'close-lipped'. close, closelipped, closemouthed, Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'confidentiality' in WordNet: 2. confidentiality - (discretion in keeping secret information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discreetness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KeepingaSecret ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Confidently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Confident ; :wnsense "confidently1adv", "with confidence1adv" ; :wordnet "confidently", "with confidence" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'confidently' in Wordnet: 1. (2) confidently, with confidence - (in a confident manner; 'we have to do what is right confidently') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Configuration :guid "bd58ee23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "configuration1n", "configuration2n" ; :wordnet "configuration" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: COSMO usage for the term 'Configuration' differs from that of CYC. In CYC, it is a kind of Situation, but in COSMO it is a kind of Object, which may be concrete or abstract. The essence of a configuration is that some Objects, which may be parts of a larger Object, have a certain spatial relation to each other. Thus linear array of Objects would be a Configuration, and a Knot that is part of a single thread-like Object would also be a Configuration. NOTE that as a 'CompositeConcept', each 'Configuration' is a Group, elements of which will typically be Objects, but the Group must also include the relations among the Objects. @ToDo: how to represent the relations in a 'Configuration' has not yet been decided. This is a parent type of 'Pattern'; in COSMO a 'Pattern' is a MentalObject, created by an intelligent agent, which may have some significance. A 'Configration' that may exist naturally can become a 'Pattern' when it is recognized as having some significance by some intelligent agent. The distinction between these two concepts is subtle but may prove useful. This notion has not yet (r883) been formalized. CYC: A specialization of both #$StaticSituation and #$SpatialThing-Localized. Each instance of #$Configuration is a static situation consisting of two or more #$PartiallyTangible things of certain types standing in a certain type of spatial relationship (or set of relationships). This (set of) spatial relationship(s) characterizes the #$Configuration's _type_ in the sense that any group of objects of the appropriate types standing in that relationship (or those relationships) correspond to a #$Configuration of that type; and each of these objects, in turn, is said to be configured (see #$objectConfigured) in the (individual) #$Configuration. For example, a #$KnotConfiguration might correspond to a particular intertwining of end-segments of two #$CordlikeObjects, or to the intertwining of several segments of a single #$CordlikeObject. For configurations like the latter, whose characterizing relationship(s) hold between different parts of a single salient object, see the specialization #$ConfigurationOfComplexObject. Note that a static situation involving an #$Agent-PartiallyTangible might be a configuration, but only so long as it's just the agent's _spatial_ relationship(s) to other partially tangibles that matters (see e.g. #$WearingSomething); static situations in which an agent's agency or sentience is crucial, on the other hand, are not configurations (cf. #$AgentRelationship and #$InterAgentRelationship). Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'configuration' in WordNet: 1. (1) configuration, constellation - (an arrangement of parts or elements; the outcome depends on the configuration of influences at the time) 2. (1) shape, form, configuration, contour, conformation - (any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline); he could barely make out their shapes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositeConcept, :Object . :ConfiguringEvent :guid "be62279d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "configure1v" ; :wordnet "configure" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which at least two spatially distinct objects become spatially configured relative to each other, producing an instance of #$Configuration. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'configure' in WordNet: 1. configure - (set up for a particular purpose; 'configure my new computer'; 'configure a plane for a combat mission') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :Confined :ened "confined", "held" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Catch ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Confining ; :isTheOppositeOf :Free ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Confined'' is an AttributeValue of an Animal that has been captured (underwent ''Capturing'' or ''Trapping'') and is constrained and has not been released. This is more specific than ''Constrained'', in that this is a physical confinement limiting motion,and the area of free motion should not be much larger than a large prison or prison camp, or (for animals) a fenced-in pen or stockade. Exile to an island is *not* an instance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constrained, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Catch ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Confining :en "confining", "detaining" ; :guid "bd58e5c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "confine3v", "confine4v", "confine5v", "confine6v", "confinement2n", "confinement3n", "constraint3n", "detain1v", "restrain3v", "restraint3n" ; :wordnet "confine", "confinement", "constraint", "detain", "restrain", "restraint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of putting a animal into confinement. In Cyc called 'HeldCaptive', a static situation. In COSMO this is treated as an Action in which the confinee is the grammatical object ('patient') of the action. This is not necessarily for people; non-human animals are included. Cyc: A configuration that holds when one animal is in the captivity of another. The captive may be under direct physical control of the captor, or may be held by devices that the captor controls. This SUMO sense for people is closer to ''Imprisoning''. SUMO; (Confining) The Class of Keeping Processes (Events) where the patient is a Human or an Animal and is kept involuntarily. This covers caging, penning in, imprisonment, jailing, etc. Includes verb senses 3, 4 and 5 of 'confine' and non sense 2 and 3 of 'confinement' in WordNet: 3. (3) confine - (prevent from leaving or from being removed) 4. enclose, hold in, confine - (close in or confine) 5. confine, detain - (deprive of freedom; take into confinement) WN noun 'confinement': 2. (1) confinement - (the act of restraining of a person's liberty by confining them) 3. confinement - (the state of being confined; 'he was held in confinement') WN verb 'restrain': 3. (1) restrain, confine, hold - (to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement; 'This holds the local until the express passengers change trains'; 'About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade'; 'The illegal immigrants were held at a detention center'; 'The terrorists held the journalists for ransom') WN noun 'constraint': 3. constraint - (the act of constraining; the threat or use of force to control the thoughts or behavior of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :Enclosing, :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capturing ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFollows ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Confined ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Keeping ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InterAgentSituation-TwoAgent ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Confirmed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :Hypothesis, :Theory ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ConfirmingaFact ; :wnsense "confirmed2adj" ; :wordnet "confirmed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Confirmed'' is an AttributeValue of Assertions or Theories that have sufficient probatory evidence .to justify belief (with some potential reservations). For a stronger degree of proof involving reasoning, use subtype ''Proven''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'confirmed' (this does not pertain to the Catholic rite of 'confirmation') in Wordnet: 2. (1) confirmed - (having been established or made firm or received the rite of confirmation; 'confirmed reservations'; 'received confirmed reports of casualties'; 'a confirmed Catholic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ConfirmingaFact :CYC "Verification" ; :en "confirming", "corroborating", "substantiating", "support", "supporting" ; :guid "beb70e2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "affirm1v", "certify1", "confirm1v", "confirm2v", "confirmation1n", "corroborate1v", "corroborate2v", "corroborate3v", "substantiate1v", "substantiation1n", "substantiation2n", "support5v", "support7v", "sustain7v", "validate2v", "validate3v", "validation1n", "verification1n", "verify1v" ; :wordnet "affirm", "certify", "confirm", "confirmation", "corroborate", "substantiate", "substantiation", "support", "sustain", "validate", "validation", "verification", "verify" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConfirmingaFact'' is ''ProvidingEvidence'' for a fact which is asserted or believed, for which other prior evidence may or may not have been obtained, and which tends to add to the strength of any prior evidence, sufficiently to be considered as 'confirmation' (sufficient to justify a firm belief). NOTE: this type includes several WN synsets, with closel related meanings. The logical distinctions have not yet (rev 1705) been identified. CYC 'Verification': A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Verification is an event in which some intelligent agent either confirms or disconfirms the truth of some proposition. NOTE that ''Proving'' is a type of ''Reasoning'' that can use Evidence, but is not itself Evidence. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'confirm' and senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'corroborate' in WordNet: 1. (19) confirm, corroborate, sustain, substantiate, support, affirm - (establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; 'his story confirmed my doubts'; 'The evidence supports the defendant') 2. (5) confirm, reassert - (strengthen or make more firm; 'The witnesses confirmed the victim's account') WN verb 'corroborate': 1. (3) confirm, corroborate, sustain, substantiate, support, affirm - (establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; 'his story confirmed my doubts'; 'The evidence supports the defendant') 2. (1) validate, corroborate - (give evidence for) 3. corroborate, underpin, bear out, support - (support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; 'The stories and claims were born out by the evidence') WN verb 'validate': 2. (2) validate - (prove valid; show or confirm the validity of something) 3. validate, corroborate - (give evidence for) WN noun 'confirmation': 1. (4) confirmation, verification, check, substantiation - (additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct; 'fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory') WN noun 'substantiation': 2. validation, proof, substantiation - (the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something) WN noun 'corroboration': 1. documentation, certification, corroboration - (confirmation that some fact or statement is true) WN verb 'verify': 1. (7) verify - (confirm the truth of; 'Please verify that the doors are closed'; 'verify a claim') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :ProvidingEvidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Probatory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :supportsProposition ; owl:someValuesFrom :Belief ] . :Conflagration :wnsense "conflagration1n", "inferno2n" ; :wordnet "conflagration", "inferno" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Conflagration'' is a ''Fire'' that is not controlled and affects an area larger than a ''building''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conflagration' in WordNet: 1. conflagration, inferno - (a very intense and uncontrolled fire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fire, :IncurringPhysicalDamage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :LandArea ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DangerousSituation ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :ConflictEvent :guid "bf2126cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "competition" ; :wnsense "competition1n", "competition2n", "competition3n", "conflict1n", "contention1n", "contest1n", "contest2n", "rivalry1n" ; :wordnet "competition", "conflict", "contention", "contest", "rivalry" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO, a ConflictEvent can be between two or more 'IntentionalAgent's, the agents do not have to be intelligent. This then includes conflicts between non-human animals, and automatons that do not have a human-level of intelligence (but may be good enough to beat a champion at some game). This is the most general sense of 'conflict', including friendly competitions, board games, sports games, business competition, and wars. The 'competition' of plants for light or food is not included in this sense, but may be a metaphorical usage to be treated by NLU processes. Cyc: A collection of all events in #$SocialOccurrence that can be called 'conflicts'. For each #$ConflictEvent CONF, there are at least two #$IntelligentAgents AGT1 and AGT2 such that (#$opponentsInConflict AGT1 AGT2 CONF) holds. For each #$ConflictEvent CONF, there are subevents ACT1 and ACT2 of CONF, which are #$PurposefulActions, and there are GOAL1 and GOAL2 such that (#$purposeInEvent AGT1 ACT1 GOAL1), (#$purposeInEvent AGT2 ACT2 GOAL2), and GOAL1 and GOAL2 are in conflict, i.e., (#$and GOAL1 GOAL2) is not consistent (in the current #$Microtheory). NOTE: a ConflictEvent can be friendly, as in a negotiation; it only requires that the goals have some element of conflict, where better for one party is worse for the other. Similar to SUMO: 'Contest' SUMO: A SocialInteraction where the agent and patient are 'IntentionalAgent's who are trying to defeat one another. Note that this concept is often applied in a metaphorical sense in natural language, when we speak, e.g., of the struggle of plants for space or sunlight, or of bacteria for food resources in some environment. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'conflict' and senses 1,2, and 3 of 'competition' and senses 1 and 2 of 'contest' in WordNet: 1. (6) conflict, struggle, battle - - (an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); 'the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph' - - Thomas Paine; 'police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs') WN 'competition': 1. (17) competition - - (a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers; 'business competition can be fiendish at times') 2. (4) contest, competition - - (an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants) 3. (4) competition, contention, rivalry - - (the act of competing as for profit or a prize; 'the teams were in fierce contention for first place') WN 'contest': 2. (1) contest - - (a struggle between rivals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DefeatingAnOpponent ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CooperationEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTheReverseEffectOf ] . :Conflicting :isAnAttributeValueOf :Group ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BeingContrasting ; :wnsense "at odds1n", "conflicting1adj", "contradictory3adj", "self-contradictory2adj" ; :wordnet "at odds", "conflicting", "contradictory", "self-contradictory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conflicting'' is a subtype of ''Contrasting'' characterizing some Group (often a Pair) of entities that not only contrast, but have some attribute(s) that detract from or are inconsistent in some way with other individuals in the Group (which often are Assertions). NOTE: some of the terms could apply to people disagreeing, but this type represents 'logically contradictory'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'conficting' in WordNet: 1. (2) at odds, conflicting, contradictory, self-contradictory - (in disagreement; 'the figures are at odds with our findings'; 'contradictory attributes of unjust justice and loving vindictiveness'- John Morley) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contrasting . :Conforming :isTheOppositeOf :NonConforming ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Conforming in some sense to a criterion, which could be the state of the world or some rule, or some preference. The subsenses will be the most commonly used concepts. For conforming to the state of the world, 'Exact' can characterize recordings and measurements; 'Fashionable' can characterize behavior conforming to the preferences of a community. similar sense represened by the relation ''isInAccordanceWith''. The thing conformed to can be related to the attribute by the relation 'indicatesConformanceTo' If the attribute indicates conformity to the state of the RealWorld, it should specify 'RealWorld' as the object of that relation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Correct . :ConformingAction :wnsense "abide by1v", "compliance4n", "comply1v", "conform2v", "conformity2n" ; :wordnet "abide by", "compliance", "comply", "conform", "conformity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ConformingAction' is an instance of an Action in which an agent (human or non-human animal) performs an Action that conforms to some rule or is requested or demanded by a human agent. Performing a task according to some rules, such as doing a school lesson in the manner suggested is a 'ConformingAction'. A ConformingAction may be done as a matter of preference or choice by the agent doing the act, for that agent's own purposes. This distinguishes 'ConformingAction' from the more specific subtype 'Compliance' in which the ConformingAct is performed at the demand of another agent. This corresponds in part to sense of 'compliance' and verb sense 1 of 'comply' and part of verb sense 2 of 'conform' (conforming to rules) in WordNet. (there is no sense of verb 'conform' in WN that aligns with this action) in WordNet: WN noun 'compliance' 1. (1) conformity, conformation, compliance, abidance - (acting according to certain accepted standards; 'their financial statements are in conformity with generally accepted accounting practices') WN verb 'comply': 1. (9) comply, follow, abide by - (act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes; 'He complied with my instructions'; 'You must comply or else!'; 'Follow these simple rules'; 'abide by the rules') WN verb 'conform': 2. (1) adjust, conform, adapt - (adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions; 'We must adjust to the bad economic situation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarryingOutaTask, :Fulfilling, :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conforming ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Confrontation :wnsense "confrontation3n", "encounter4n", "face-off1n", "showdown1n" ; :wordnet "confrontation", "encounter", "face-off", "showdown" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Confrontation'' is a DisputeEvent that is mostly verbal, and does not include violent acts. This occurs often when womeone does something s/he shouldn't have, and an offended Person or a superior 'confronts' that person to complain or ask for an explanation. If it leads to violence it would become a ''Fight-Physical''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'confrontation' in WordNet: 3. confrontation, encounter, showdown, face-off - (a hostile disagreement face-to-face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisputeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face-to-face ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ConfrontingaSituation :en "face up to" ; :wnsense "confront2v", "face up1v", "face1v", "tackle1v", "take on3vn", "undertake2v" ; :wordnet "confront", "face", "face up", "tackle", "take on", "undertake" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConfrontingaSituation'' is a generic Event in which an ''IntentionalAgent'' encounters some difficult problematic situation and decides to take action do something about it. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'confront' in WordNet: 2. (11) confront, face up, face - (deal with (something unpleasant) head on; 'You must confront your problems'; 'He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes') WN verb 'tackle': 1. (3) undertake, tackle, take on - (accept as a challenge; 'I'll tackle this difficult task') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Confucianism :hasBeliever :Confucians ; :hasTopic :AncestorsShouldBeWorshiped ; :wnsense "confucianism1n" ; :wordnet "confucianism" ; a :ChineseTraditionalReligion ; rdfs:comment """The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'confucianism' in Wordnet: 1. Confucianism - (the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China) """ . :Confucians :believes :Confucianism ; :en "confucians" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ReligiousGroup . :Confusing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :CauseConfusion ; :wnsense "confusing2adj", "perplexing1adj", "puzzling2adj" ; :wordnet "confusing", "perplexing", "puzzling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'confusing' in Wordnet: 2. (1) confusing, perplexing, puzzling - (lacking clarity of meaning; causing confusion or perplexity; 'sent confusing signals to Iraq'; 'perplexing to someone who knew nothing about it'; 'a puzzling statement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unclear . :Confusion :guid "bdc26d11-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "confusion" ; :wnsense "confusedness1n", "confusion2n", "disarray1n", "mental confusion1n", "muddiness2n" ; :wordnet "confusedness", "confusion", "disarray", "mental confusion", "muddiness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every element of this collection is a feeling of being confused or bewildered. This includes one sense of the verb 'confuse' because to be confused is to experience Confusion. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'confusion' in WordNet: 2. (7) confusion, mental confusion, confusedness, muddiness, disarray - (a mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior; 'a confusion of impressions') WN WN This type also represents one sense of the act 'to confuse': WN to confuse things is to experience 'Confusion' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :CongenitalCondition :en "congenital condition" ; :enn "congenital condition" ; :guid "c0fd5c28-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition. Each instance of #$CongenitalCondition is a physiological condition that is present in an organism from the time of gestation (i.e. before birth). Instances of #$CongenitalCondition may be genetic conditions (see the specialization #$GeneticCondition) or they may be caused by the behavior of the mother during pregnancy (for example, as in a case of congenital heroin addiction). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Innate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Congestion :wnsense "congestion1n" ; :wordnet "congestion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Congestion'' is an ''Overabundance'' (excess) of some ''BodyFluid'' inside the body. \" RHW: 2. an excessive or abnormal accumulation of blood or other fluid in a body part or blood vessel: pulmonary congestion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'congestion' in WordNet: 1. (1) congestion - (excessive accumulation of blood or other fluid in a body part) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSymptom, :Overabundance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalBodyFluid ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Congo :wnsense "Comoros2n" ; :wordnet "Comoros" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Congo' in WordNet: 1. (1) Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zaire, Belgian Congo -- (a republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in 1960) """ . :Congo-DemocraticRepublic a :Country . :CongoRiver :guid "bd58862a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasPhysicalPart :CongoRiverBed ; :isLocatedAt :AfricaRegion ; a :River . :CongoRiverBed :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AfricaRegion, :CongoRiver ; a :StreamBed . :Congratulating :en "congratulating" ; :guid "bd58ae21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "congratulate1v", "congratulation1n", "congratulation2n" ; :wordnet "congratulate", "congratulation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The activity of congratulating someone. SUMO: Any ExpressingApproval to a person for something that the person did in the past and that is regarded as being to the benefit of the person congratulated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'congratulate' in Wordnet: 1. (5) compliment, congratulate - (say something to someone that expresses praise; 'He complimented her on her last physics paper') 2. (3) congratulate, felicitate - (express congratulations) WN noun 'congrtulation': 1. (4) congratulation, felicitation - (the act of acknowledging that someone has an occasion for celebration) 2. congratulation, felicitation - ((usually plural) an expression of pleasure at the success or good fortune of another; 'I sent them my sincere congratulations on their marriage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingApproval . :Congregation :guid "be00ac85-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "congregation1n" ; :wordnet "congregation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A group of people attending a #$CommunalWorshipService. COSMO note: this is not a subtype of BeliefGroup because the attendees are not necessarily adherents to a particular religion- this is not the group of members of a Church (i.e. not the parishioners). See also ''Parish''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'congregation' in Wordnet: 1. (32) congregation, fold, faithful - (a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :Congress :wnsense "congress3n" ; :wordnet "congress" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any 'LegislativeOrganization' or combination of ''LegislativeOrganization''s that is called a 'congress' by the government that created it. The 'members' may be ''Senator''s, or congressman or congresswoman or 'member of congess' or 'USRepresentative' though there may be many other people working for the organization. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'congress' in WordNet: 3. congress - (a national legislative assembly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegislativeOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Legislator ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Congressional :pertainsTo :Congress ; :wnsense "congressional1adj" ; :wordnet "congressional" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """APertainingAttributeValue that pertains any body called a ''Congress'' but usually to the UnitedStatesCongress. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'congressional' in WordNet: 1. (2) congressional - (of or relating to congress; 'congressional hearing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Conical :wnsense "conical1n" ; :wordnet "conical" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Conical' is the property of a three-dimensional object that is shaped like a cone, i.e. has a point at one end and a cirular base at the other end, with a cross-section that is circular from one end to the other. See also 'Cone'. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'conical' in WordNet: 1. conic, conical, conelike, cone-shaped - (relating to or resembling a cone; 'conical mountains'; 'conelike fruit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convex, :Round . :ConiferousTree :guid "bd58a187-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "conifer1n", "coniferous tree1n" ; :wordnet "conifer", "coniferous tree" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A member of the coniferopsida class. Usually a tree, usually evergreen. NOTE: this ''ConiferousTree'' is the Tree variety, not a 'shrub'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coniferous tree' in Wordnet: 1. conifer, coniferous tree - (any gymnospermous tree or shrub bearing cones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tree . :Conjunction :guid "c136c44b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "conjunction3n" ; :wordnet "conjunction" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conjunction' in WordNet: 3. (1) conjunction, conjunctive, connective, continuative - (an uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words or phrases or clauses or sentences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedClassWord . :Conjunctivitis :guid "c11c4df4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "conjunctivitis1n", "pinkeye1n" ; :wordnet "conjunctivitis", "pinkeye" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conjunctivitis' in WordNet: 1. conjunctivitis, pinkeye - (inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflammation . :ConjuringUpSomething :wnsense "arouse3v", "bring up1v", "call down1v", "call forth2v", "conjure up1n", "conjure1v", "evoke4v", "invoke1v", "put forward3v", "raise7v", "stir6v" ; :wordnet "arouse", "bring up", "call down", "call forth", "conjure", "conjure up", "evoke", "invoke", "put forward", "raise", "stir" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This kind of Event can be caused by any of several types of situations or actions, and produce almost any kind of thing. Hard to restrict the usage of these terms logically, unless more specific subtypes are created. The notion of magically 'calling forth' should be distinguished from the ability of some situations to cause ideas in a Person's mind. These are both included here. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'conjure up' in WordNet: 1. (5) raise, conjure, conjure up, invoke, evoke, stir, call down, arouse, bring up, put forward, call forth - (summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic; 'raise the specter of unemployment'; 'he conjured wild birds in the air'; 'call down the spirits from the mountain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MentalObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ConnectedFishHook a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConnectedObject2, :FishHook, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConnectedFishingLine ] . :ConnectedFishingLine a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConnectedObject1, :FishingLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConnectedFishHook ] . :ConnectedObject1 a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConnectedObject2 ] . :ConnectedObject2 a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConnectedObject1 ] . :ConnectedPair :en "connected pair", "connected pair of objects" ; :enn "connected pair", "connected pair of objects" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ConnectedPair'' is an ''PairOfObjects'' in which the two objects are directly connected or attached, with no third physical object intervening. NOTE: if two salient objects are connected by an attaching device, that would have to be represented by a different type (not yet represented). NOTE: to represent the notion that the two Objects in the pair are connected, for each subtype of this type the two objects should be represented as instances of the classes """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConnectedObject1 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConnectedObject2 ] . :ConnectedPathSystem :guid "bd73edb5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$PathSystem instances of which are connected , as opposed to being in separate pieces. For any distinct points A and B in a connected path system SYS, there is a path PATH in SYS that both A and B are on. That is, a path system SYS is an instance of #$ConnectedPathSystem if and only if, for any distinct points A and B in SYS, there is a path PATH in SYS such that (#$pathBetweenInSystem PATH A B SYS) holds. Note that according to this definition, a connected path system does not necessarily contain a link - a path system containing a single node and no links will be a connected path system. Note also that because of the CycL treatment of paths (see #$pathInSystem) and nodes (see #$nodeInSystem), there is a path between every two points in SYS just in case there is a path between every two nodes in SYS.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathSystem . :ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem :en "connected physical path system" ; :enn "connected physical path system" ; :guid "f69abb56-d009-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d1c3" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all (partially) tangible physical path systems which are connected. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConnectedPathSystem, :Path-Physical, :SpatialPathSystem . :ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion :BFO "ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """BFO Definition: A space time region that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same space time region. Examples: the spatial and temporal location of an individual organism's life, the spatial and temporal location of the development of a fetus. @ToDo: COSMO note: in COSMO, the type TimePoint (instant) is a subtype of TimeInterval, whereas in BFO interval and instant are disjoint. The BFO interval, therefore must be a non-zero length. For simplicity, COSMO does not yet have a non-zero-length instant (no need yet), and when that is added the BFO 'SpatiotemporalInterval' needs to be equated with the non-zero-length interval, and the subtype relation of 'SpatiotemporalInstant' and 'SpatiotemporalInterval' must be removed.. BFO: 'ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion': BFO Definition: A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. BFO: Examples: the spatial and temporal location of an individual organism's life, the spatial and temporal location of the development of a fetus """ ; rdfs:label "connected_spatiotemporal_region"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatiotemporalRegion ; owl:disjointWith :ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatiotemporalInstant :SpatiotemporalInterval ) ] . :Connectedness :wnsense "connectedness1n", "connection2n", "link3n" ; :wordnet "connectedness", "connection", "link" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'connectedness' in WordNet: 1. connection, link, connectedness - (the state of being connected; 'the connection between church and state is inescapable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StateOfUnion . :Connecting :en "connecting" ; :guid "be62279d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "connect" ; :wnsense "connect1v", "link up2v", "link2v" ; :wordnet "connect", "link", "link up" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Connecting' is an Event in which two or more Objects (Physical or Abstract) become linked so that they are adjacent (in some sense) and a path exists between the two objects that does not pass outside of both objects. This forms a 'connection' but the connection does not have to be firm or stable - a connection that is stable is formed by an 'AttachmentEvent', a subtype of this type. @ToDo: Connection-Physical is not necessary?? Abstract is included here to allow 'Concatenating'' as subtype.?? Review!! Corresponds to sense 1 of 'connect' and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'link' in WordNet: 1. (8) connect, link, tie, link up - (connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces; 'Can you connect the two loudspeakers?'; 'Tie the ropes together'; 'Link arms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Connection-Physical ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Connection-Physical :guid "bf8f22b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "connection3n", "connexion4n" ; :wordnet "connection", "connexion" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type represents only the part of a PhysicalObject or that forms the connecting region between two larger objects that have been joined together. In the case where gluing or cementing or topological connection (screwing together) is used, the parts of the original objects will be intact at the joint. But in the case of Welding, the edges of the original objects will be distorted by the welding process, and parts of each edge may become mixed in. Therefore in the general case, it cannot be inferred that the original objects can be recovered by undoing the connection. NOTE that this is a ''SolidObject'' but it does not have to be a self-connected' object, ..i.e. the connection can be the *multiple parts* of an Assembly that form the topological constraint that prevents two separate objects from moving apart. Thus putting a cufflink into a shirt cuff is a ''Conecting'' and the ''Connection-Physical'' is the parts of the cufflink and shirt that prevent moving apart - which is essentially the whole cufflink plus the region of he cuff that has the hole in it. For a device that can be used to create a connection, use ''Connector' (or its subtype ''Fastener''). Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Connection-Physical is a group consisting of parts of at least two instances of #$PartiallyTangible that are in physical contact and which are connected in way such that they resist spatial separation. Examples include the connection between a table leg and a tabletop, two pieces of metal welded together, and a hinge joining a CD case cover to its backing (the last would be an instance of the more specialized collection #$Joint-Physical). While each #$Connection-Physical is an instance of #$SolidTangibleThing, and therefore has a determinate spatial boundary, there are many cases in which there are no easily describable boundaries between the parts of connected objects that are parts of the connection, and those which are not. For example, consider a connection between a table and one of its legs. If the leg is merely glued to the bottom surface of the table top, the exact spatial boundaries of the connection bewteen the parts is not clear. In contrast, the connection between a sewing needle and a thread attached by a knot to its eye is more clearly defined, because the boundaries of their connected parts are more easily determined. The group consisting of the knot and the eye of the needle determine the spatial extent of the connection. This corrresponds only to part of WN 'sense 4 connection' - this includes not only an object than *can* create a connection between other objects (see ''Fastener''), but the whole region of a connected Object that makes the larger object a connected unit. Includes part of noun sense 3 in WordNet, but is broader including in some cases regions of the connected bodies (as in weld): in WordNet: 3. (4) connection, connexion, connector, connecter, connective - (an instrumentality that connects; 'he soldered the connection'; 'he didn't have the right connector between the amplifier and the speakers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject . :ConnectiveTissue :guid "bfe68181-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "connective tissue1n" ; :wordnet "connective tissue" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: this is a *piece* of connective tissue, an object, not a substance. Cyc: The #$Collection of all instances of #$ConnectiveTissue. Subsets of this collection include #$Aponeurosis, #$Tendon, Fascia, Collagen, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'connective tissue' in WordNet: 1. (1) connective tissue - (tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :OrganismPart . :Connector :wnsense "connector1n" ; :wordnet "connector" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any solid Device that 'connects' other objects in some way, e.g. as by holding them together (a ''Fastener'') or by conducting electric signals between them. This has to be something that was an independent object before being used to connect other objects. A ''Connection-Physical'' may of may not be independent, and usually has parts of the connected objects, so that is a different concept. NOTE that a ''Coupler'' is typically specifically designed to be part of a larger assembly, though it also connects two other objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'connector' in Wordnet: 1. connection, connexion, connector, connecter, connective - (an instrumentality that connects; 'he soldered the connection'; 'he didn't have the right connector between the amplifier and the speakers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Connecting ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Connoisseur :wnsense "cognoscenti1n", "connoisseur1n" ; :wordnet "cognoscenti", "connoisseur" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Connoisseur'' is an ''Expert'' in some field that involves enjoyment of perceving (viewing, tasting, listening to, collecting) physical objects and entertainment Events, not necessarily that person's profession (unless that person is a paid reviewer). This is used often of those with refined discriminating taste in art or food or drink, particularly wines, but the term can be applied to anyone with deep knowledge of a subject and enjoyment of experiencing those examples. A connoisseur may write reviews about such things. RHW 'cognoscenti': persons who have superior knowledge and understanding of a particular field, esp. in the fine arts, literature, and world of fashion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'connoisseur' in WordNet: 1. (2) connoisseur, cognoscenti - (an expert able to appreciate a field; especially in the fine arts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert . :Connotation :wnsense "connotation1n", "connotation2n", "intension1n" ; :wordnet "connotation", "intension" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Connotation'' is the ''IntendedMeaning'' of some ''Communication''. that is implied rather than explicitly stated. The sense of 'intension' seems to be similar to that of RHW sense 5: 5. Logic. (of a term) the set of attributes belonging to all and only those things to which the given term is correctly applied; Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'connotation' in WordNet: 1. (3) intension, connotation - (what you must know in order to determine the reference of an expression) 2. (2) connotation - (an idea that is implied or suggested) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntendedMeaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Implied ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ConqueringaTerritory :wnsense "appropriate2v", "capture5v", "conquer2v", "conquer3v", "conquest1n" ; :wordnet "appropriate", "capture", "conquer", "conquest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConqueringaTerritory'' is the Action of some ''CollectiveAgent'' using force or the threat of force to gain administrative control of some ''GeopoliticalRegion'' against the wishes of the agent(s) that previously controlled that region in some mannner. The previous form of control need not be that of a formal ''Country'', it could be the impicit control of a tribe that lives there mostly uncontested. Includes verb senses 2 and part (a country, not one's fears) 3 of 'conquer' in WordNet: 2. (1) appropriate, capture, seize, conquer - (take possession of by force, as after an invasion; 'the invaders seized the land and property of the inhabitants'; 'The army seized the town'; 'The militia captured the castle') 3. (1) conquer - (overcome by conquest; 'conquer your fears'; 'conquer a country') WN noun 'conquest': 1. (2) conquest, conquering, subjection, subjugation - (the act of conquering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryInvasion ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryInvasion ; owl:onProperty :canBeFacilitatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalArea :RegionType ) ] ] . :Cons :en "arguments against", "arguments in opposition", "cons" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Cons'' is a Group of which every element ''ArgumentCon'' that argumees against the same proposition or course of action. 'we discused the pros and cons' Each element Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'con' in WordNet: 1. (1) con - (an argument opposed to a proposal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ArgumentCon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Conscience :ldoce "conscience", "morals" ; :wnsense "conscience1n", "conscience2n", "morals1v" ; :wordnet "conscience", "morals" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A complex Motive (i.e. a group of Motives) each component element of which is a MoralPrinciple. This type is used to represent a system of morality, also called 'morals' or 'ethics'; this is not actually a 'Feeling' of conscience, but the abstract principles adhered to by some IntelligentAgent. ToDo: Sense 3 of 'conscience' should be a different trype. RWH: 1. the inner sense of what is right or wrong in one's conduct or motives, impelling one toward right action: to follow the dictates of conscience. 2. the complex of ethical and moral principles that controls or inhibits the actions or thoughts of an individual. 3. an inhibiting sense of what is prudent: I'd eat another piece of pie but my conscience would bother me. in WordNet: 1. (12) conscience, scruples, moral sense, sense of right and wrong - (motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions) 2. (6) conscience - (conformity to one's own sense of right conduct; 'a person of unflagging conscience') 3. (1) conscience - (a feeling of shame when you do something immoral; 'he has no conscience about his cruelty') WN noun 'morals': 1. (2) ethical motive, ethics, morals, morality - (motivation based on ideas of right and wrong) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Motive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoralPrinciple ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Conscientious :wnsense "conscientious2adj" ; :wordnet "conscientious" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'conscientious' in WordNet: 2. conscientious - (guided by or in accordance with conscience or sense of right and wrong; 'a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Considerate . :Conscious :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Consciousness ; :ldoce "conscious" ; :wnsense "conscious2adj" ; :wordnet "conscious" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that an animal is conscious - able to respond to stimuli (possible asleep) - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. NOTE that 'Conscious' is not just 'not unconscious', as 'Unconscious' does not include being asleep; Conscious can be 'conscious but sleeping'. Corresponds *partly* to adjective sense 2 of 'conscious' in WordNet; however, the closest WordNet sense includes the notion of 'knowing, being aware of (a fact)', which is *not* part of this type only 'conscious during the operation' is the part of the Wordnet sense that is included. This is a physiological condition, not a state of knowledge. in WordNet: 2. (6) conscious - (knowing and perceiving; having awareness of surroundings and sensations and thoughts; 'remained conscious during the operation'; 'conscious of his faults'; 'became conscious that he was being followed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive . :ConsciousActivity :en "conscious activity" ; :enn "conscious activity" ; :guid "a8eb2b06-d712-41d6-8443-9a24c2022ade" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of all activities which are performed in a state of consciousness, that is, the animal performing the action is not sleeping, in a coma, or otherwise unconscious. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Awake ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :Consciously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Conscious ; :wnsense "consciously1adv" ; :wordnet "consciously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'consciously' in Wordnet: 1. (3) consciously - (with awareness; 'she consciously played with the idea of inviting them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Consciousness :wnsense "awareness2n", "consciousness1n", "sentience1n" ; :wordnet "awareness", "consciousness", "sentience" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Consciousness' is a PhysiologicalCondition in which an Animal is aware of its surroundings and can respond to external stimuli by means of thought processes in the brain. Includes noun sense 1 of 'Consciousness' and noun sense 2 of 'awareness' and noun sense 1 of 'sentience' in WordNet: WN 'consciousness': 1. (20) consciousness - - (an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation; 'he lost consciousness') WN 'awareness': 2. (2) awareness, sentience - - (state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness; 'the crash intruded on his awareness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, :NormalOrganismCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ] . :ConsciousnessAttribute a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Attributes that indicate whether an Organism is conscious or the qualitative degree of consciousness of an Organism.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :Consensus :ldoce "accordance" ; :wnsense "accord2n", "accordance1n", "conformity4n", "consensus1n" ; :wordnet "accord", "accordance", "conformity", "consensus" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Consensus' is an Agreement in *opinion* among some Group of two or more people who have met or otherwise communicated together to discuss an issue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consensus' in WordNet: 1. (3) consensus - (agreement in the judgment or opinion reached by a group as a whole; 'the lack of consensus reflected differences in theoretical positions'; 'those rights and obligations are based on an unstated consensus') WN noun 'accord': 2. accord, conformity, accordance - (concurrence of opinion; 'we are in accord with your proposal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AgreeingEvent ] . :Consent :wnsense "consent1n" ; :wordnet "consent" ; a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Consent'' is a ''Permission'' created by directly informing the Person asking for and getting the ''Permission' of the granting Agent's agreement to the request. 'yes means yes; no means no'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consent' in WordNet: 1. (7) consent - (permission to do something; \"he indicated his consent\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Permission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConsentingAction ] . :ConsentingAction :wnsense "consent1v" ; :wordnet "consent" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConsentingAction'' is a ''GrantingPermission'' that performed by one Agent in a response to a request for permisson. NOTE that although a ''Permission'' must follow a ''GrantingPermission'' Action, a ''GrantingPermission'' need not be preceded by a ''RequestingPermission'', as a Permissionmay be granted generally as a matter of policy without a specific request. However, a ''ConsentingAction'' must follow a ''RequestingPermission'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'consent' in WordNet: 1. (6) accept, consent, go for - (give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to; 'I cannot accept your invitation'; 'I go for this resolution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrantingPermission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consent ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RequestingPermission ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Consequent :en "consequent" ; :wnsense "conclusion5n", "ratiocination1n" ; :wordnet "conclusion", "ratiocination" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A technical term for 'Conclusion' in the sense of the result of a deductive reasoning process. RHW: Logic. the second member of a conditional proposition, as 'Caesar was a great general' in 'If Caesar conquered Gaul, he was a great general.' For the specifically logical 'conclusion' deduced in a formal logical reasoning process, use the subtype ''Consequent''. It is the Consequent part of an Argument, and may have more than one clause connected by 'and' or 'or. The terms 'deduction' 'implication' 'conclusion' and 'entailment' are not differentiated here. Perhaps some distinction can be found? Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'conclusion' and part (for logical processes from antecedent propositions) sense 3 of 'deduction' in Wordnet: 5. (1) conclusion, ratiocination - (the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conclusion, :LogicalAssertion . :Consequential :ldoce "serious" ; :wnsense "consequential1adj", "eventful2adj", "serious2adj" ; :wordnet "consequential", "eventful", "serious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Consequential'' is an attribute of things - events, plans, proposals that deal with issues of importance that have significant consequences for some person(s). This is the opposite of 'of little consequence'. This sense does not include 'serious' as applied to people (see 'Somber'). For things that are important, use the parent type 'Important'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'serious' and part of sense 1 of 'consequential' in WordNet: WN this sense does not apply to people, as does sense 1 of WordNet WN (see 'Somber'). 2. (10) serious - - (of great consequence; 'marriage is a serious matter') WN adjective 'consequential': 1. consequential, eventful - (having important issues or results; 'the year's only really consequential legislation'; 'an eventful decision') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Important ; owl:disjointWith :Uninteresting . :Conservation :wnsense "conservation2n" ; :wordnet "conservation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conservation'' is an Action in which an agent refrains from using some natural resource including tracts of land, or restricts activities that could harm endangered species. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'conservation' in WordNet: 2. (1) conservation - (the preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SavingForFutureUse . :ConservationLaw :wnsense "conservation3n" ; :wordnet "conservation" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConservationLaw'' is a ''LawOfNature'' that describes the measurable properties of matter or space-time that are 'conserved' (quantitatively unchanged) when certain types of transformations occur, such as location in space, conversion from one form of matter to another, or transfer of properties to other objects in events. Most well-known are conservation of energy (actually mass-energy) and conservation of momentu or conservation of charge Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conservation' in WordNet: 3. conservation - ((physics) the maintenance of a certain quantities unchanged during chemical reactions or physical transformations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LawOfNature . :Conservatism :wnsense "conservatism1n", "conservativism1n" ; :wordnet "conservatism", "conservativism" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conservatism''is a political ideology nominally advocating careful preservation of accepted practices and cautIon in adopting new policies. In modern United States politics, it emphasizes small government, minimal business regulation, and low taxes. \"If a man does away with his traditional way of living and throws away his good customs , he had better first make certain that he has something of value to replace them.\" Basuto Proverb (quoted in 'Something of Value' by Robert Ruark) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conservatism' in WordNet: 1. (6) conservatism, conservativism - (a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalIdeologicalBelief . :Conservative :wnsense "conservative1adj" ; :wordnet "conservative" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Conservative'' is a ''Person'' whose views on politics are ''PoliticallyConservative''. NOTE: 'conservativist' is not in RHW, is omitted as a label. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conservative' in WordNet: 1. (3) conservative, conservativist - (a person who has conservative ideas or opinions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliticallyConservative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conservatism ; owl:onProperty :believes ] . :ConservativeInAction :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Caution ; :isTheOppositeOf :Careless ; :wnsense "cautious2adj", "conservative3adj" ; :wordnet "cautious", "conservative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConservativeInAction'' is the attribute of someone who is cautious in performing actions, including drawing conclusions, trying not to make mistakes. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 3 of 'conservative' in Wordnet: 3. (1) cautious, conservative - (avoiding excess; 'a conservative estimate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cautious . :ConservativelyInclined :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Caution ; :isTheOppositeOf :Careless ; :wnsense "conservative1adj" ; :wordnet "conservative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who avoids unfamiliar or untested Actions.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conservative' in WordNet: 1. (11) conservative - (resistant to change) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cautious . :ConservingAnObject :ldoce "preserve" ; :wnsense "conservation1n", "conserve2v", "keep up3v", "maintain2v", "preservation4n", "preserve2v", "preserve4v" ; :wordnet "conservation", "conserve", "keep up", "maintain", "preservation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The modification of an Object (e.g. a document, a painting, a FoodObject, a biological sample) so as to protect it from deterioration that might occur. This is the act, for example, of putting fruit preserves in a jar, or of canning food, or of pasteurizing milk, or of freezing objects or substances for storage, or freeze-drying an object, or of adding preservative substances to a document, or to cloth, or to food, to prevent deterioration, wear, or stains. This is more specific than the parent tye ''Preserving'' in that something must be done to the Object conserved to reverse deterioration or make it less susceptible to deterioration,, not just storing it or putting it in the refrigerator. The more specific action of canning (or bottling) food is represented as 'PreservingFood'. Once this modification action has occurred, subsequent maintenance of the object in safe conditions is an instance of 'Preserving' but not of 'ConservingAnObject'. This distinction is made to discriminate between actions that statically *keep* an object in some original condition, and actions that *modify* an object so as to make it easier to keep it in a desirable condition. However *natural* processes such as fossilization or natural mummification, or burial under volcanic ash, that help change an object to a more stable form are *not* included - this type is for intentional Actions. Includes parts of senses 4 and part of sense 2 of 'preserve' and sense 2 of 'conserve' and noun sense 1 of 'conservation' in WordNet: 4. (1) preserve, keep - (prevent (food) from rotting; 'preserved meats'; 'keep potatoes fresh') 2. (9) conserve, preserve, maintain, keep up - (keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction; 'We preserve these archeological findings'; 'The old lady could not keep up the building'; 'children must be taught to conserve our national heritage'; 'The museum curator conserved the ancient manuscripts') WN noun 'conservation': 1. (2) conservation, preservation - (an occurrence of improvement by virtue of preventing loss or injury or other change) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :MaintainingAnObject, :Preserving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPreserved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :Considerable :wnsense "considerable1adj" ; :wordnet "considerable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Considerable'' is an adjective meaning 'large' often in some quantifiable measure.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'considerable' in WordNet: 1. (33) considerable - (large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree; 'a considerable quantity'; 'the economy was a considerable issue in the campaign'; 'went to considerable trouble for us\"; 'spent a considerable amount of time on the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Large . :Considerate :isTheOppositeOf :Inconsiderate, :Selfish ; :wnsense "considerate1adj", "thoughtful5adj" ; :wordnet "considerate", "thoughtful" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Considerate'' is the quality of an Action in which a Person inconveniences him/herself so as to avoid harming or inconveniencing another person. Similar to 'considerate' - considering the need of others as well as oneself. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'thoughtful' and sense 1 of 'considerate' in WordNet: 5. thoughtful - (considerate of the feelings or well-being of others) WN adj 'considerate': 1. (2) considerate - (showing concern for the rights and feelings of others; 'friends considerate enough to leave us alone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Careful, :Kind . :Considerateness :disposesToAction :ActOfThoughtfulness ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Considerate ; :wnsense "considerateness1n", "consideration4n", "thoughtfulness2n" ; :wordnet "considerateness", "consideration", "thoughtfulness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Considerateness'' is the trait of someone who is disposed to consider the needs of others as well as him/herself in deciding to do things that might offend others or cause them inconvenience. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thoughtfulness' in WordNet: 2. consideration, considerateness, thoughtfulness - (kind and considerate regard for others; 'he showed no consideration for her feelings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kindness . :Consideration :en "element" ; :wnsense "consideration2n", "factor1n", "grounds4n" ; :wordnet "consideration", "factor", "grounds" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Consideration'' is one possible reason why a Person may decide to do something. This combines a ''Motive'' - what the Person wants to achieve - and ''Information'' about what is the state of affars, and 'expectation' about the likely effects of different potential actions. There are several terms vaguely related that fall into this category. 'element' is not in WN in this sense,but may occasonally be used similarly 'another element in his decision was . . .' 'consideration' noun sense 2: 2. (11) circumstance, condition, consideration - (information that should be kept in mind when making a decision; 'another consideration is the time it would take') 'grounds' noun sense 4: 4. (1) cause, reason, grounds - (a justification for something existing or happening; 'he had no cause to complain'; 'they had good reason to rejoice') 'factor' - noun sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (355) factor - (anything that contributes causally to a result; 'a number of factors determined the outcome') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Factor, :Information-Content, :Motive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deciding ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ] . :ConsideredCrazy :wnsense "crazy1adj", "insane1adj", "loony1adj", "nuts1adj" ; :wordnet "crazy", "insane", "loony", "nuts" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being considered at least a little insane by many members of the community who are acquainted with the person so characterized. See also ''Insane'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crazy' in Wordnet: 1. (10) brainsick, crazy, demented, distracted, disturbed, mad, sick, unbalanced, unhinged - (affected with madness or insanity; 'a man who had gone mad') WN adj 'insane': 1. (11) insane - (afflicted with or characteristic of mental derangement; 'was declared insane'; 'insane laughter') WN adj 'looney': 1. crazy, loony, looney, weirdo - (someone deranged and possibly dangerous) WN adj 'nuts': 1. balmy, barmy, bats, batty, bonkers, buggy, cracked, crackers, daft, dotty, fruity, haywire, kooky, kookie, loco, loony, loopy, nuts, nutty, round the bend, around the bend, wacky, whacky - (informal or slang terms for mentally irregular; 'it used to drive my husband balmy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :ConsideredDangerous a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being considered dangerous by most members of the community who are acquainted with the person so characterized.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :ConsideredInferior a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being considered inferior by some group of persons. This is not a personality trait that relates to just one person, but to a group of people large enough to affect a person's status in the community.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :Considering :en "considering" ; :ldoce "consider" ; :wnsense "consider3v", "consider7v", "consider9v", "consideration1n" ; :wordnet "consider", "consideration" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Considering is a mental event in which some consideration of facts and weighing of possibilities is involved. It is not necessarily a Judging, which is a subtype, but has more elements of reasoning than a 'ThinkingAboutSomething', which could merely be a recalling of some past Event. This type includes most of the senses from WordNet, but sense 9 includes an element of action as well as thought, and senses 1 and 6 are represented by 'ConsideringToBe', a state rather than an Action. Noun sense 1 of 'consideration' is the nominalized form. Sense 4 is represented as the subtype ''TakingIntoConsideration''. in WordNet: 3. (41) consider, take, deal, look at - (take into consideration for exemplifying purposes; 'Take the case of China'; 'Consider the following case') 7. regard, consider - (look at attentively) 9. consider - (regard or treat with consideration, respect, and esteem; 'Please consider your family') WN noun 'consideration': 1. (17) consideration - (the process of giving careful thought to something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThinkingAboutSomething . :ConsideringToBe :ldoce "believe", "consider", "regard", "think", "view" ; :wnsense "believe2v", "conceive2v", "consider1v", "consider6v", "deem1v", "regard1v", "think1v", "view1v" ; :wordnet "believe", "conceive", "consider", "deem", "regard", "think", "view" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ConsideringToBe' is a specialized subtype of ''Believing'', representing ''Believing''s in which some 'IntentionalAgent' believes that some entity (object, Event, attribute) is of some type (or - the logical equivalent - to have some attribute) or is a specific individual. This differs from the more general '''Believing''' in focusing on the classification or some quality of a specific entity. This sense is signaled linguistically by phrases such as 'considered it to be . . .' ; 'thinks of her as a ...' 'deems it unlikely'; 'regards the process as a waste of time'. Linguistically, 'think' in this sense is used in at least two frames: 'I think [that] he is an excellent singer' and 'She thinks of him as just another jerk.' 'Believe' in this sense is used in phrases like 'Tom believes her to be insincere.' This can also be used for attributes of Events 'We deem it unnecessary to explain further'. @ToDo this sense is related to 'Classifying' but the relation is not yet (rev833) clear. Ontonotes: deem-1v 'consider as'. Examples His instructors deemed him as someone not fit for battle. It was deemed by the Court to involve wrongful activity. The vet thoroughly examined her, deeming her fit and healthy. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'deem', sense 1 of 'regard',senses 1 and 6 of 'consider', sense 1 of 'think', sense 2 of 'believe' and sense 1 of 'view' in WordNet: WN 'deem' 1. (13) deem, hold, view as, take for - (keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view; 'take for granted'; 'view as important'; 'hold these truths to be self-evident'; 'I hold him personally responsible') WN verb 'consider' 1. (33) see, consider, reckon, view, regard - (deem to be; 'She views this quite differently from me'; 'I consider her to be shallow'; 'I don't see the situation quite as negatively as you do') 6. (2) think, believe, consider, conceive - (judge or regard; look upon; judge; 'I think he is very smart'; 'I believe her to be very smart'; 'I think that he is her boyfriend'; 'The racist conceives such people to be inferior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing . :ConsideringToBeValuable :ldoce "value" ; :wnsense "value2v" ; :wordnet "value" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ConsideringToBeValuable' is a ''Believing'' that is a subtype of 'ConsideringToBe'with one argument (after 'be') assigned to the type 'Valuable'. This is a vague ''Believing'', where the degree of 'valuable' can vary, and the purpose for which sommething is valuable can be any human purpose. includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'value' in WordNet: 2. (1) prize, value, treasure, appreciate - (hold dear; 'I prize these old photographs') 3. (1) respect, esteem, value, prize, prise - (regard highly; think much of; 'I respect his judgement'; 'We prize his creativity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsideringToBe . :Consistence :wnsense "body8n", "consistence2n", "consistency1n" ; :wordnet "body", "consistence", "consistency" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Consistence'' is an AttributeType whose values specify the degree to which some quantity of some substance flow freely or flow slowly due to viscosity or pour freely or hold shape to some degre ona surfacr in a gravitational field or remain rigidly without shape change - the range from free-flowing liquid to rigid solid. This term is usually used for the property of semisolid substances that have some ability to hold together in a gravitational field, and do not flow freely but are not rigid and can be changed in shape by application of pressure, as with putty or moist clay or uncooked dough. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consistence' in WordNet: 2. consistency, consistence, body - (the property of holding together and retaining its shape; 'when the dough has enough consistency it is ready to bake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :Consistency :wnsense "consistency3n", "consistency4n" ; :wordnet "consistency" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Consistency'' is a state in which the entity(s) in focus has the quality ''Consistent'' (logically consistent, not contradictory.. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'consistency' in WordNet: 3. consistency - (logical coherence and accordance with the facts; 'a rambling argument that lacked any consistency') 4. consistency - ((logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that none of the propositions deducible from the axioms contradict one another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consistent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Consistent :indicatesConformanceTo :PossibleWorld ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PropositionPair ; :wnsense "consistent1adj" ; :wordnet "consistent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Consistent'' means logically consistent, not contradictory. It can be applied to two assertions to specify that they do not contradict (or better, they support) each other. The subtype ''Coherent'' is an AttributeValue of a set of assertions or propositions (e.g. a theory) in which none of the assertions contradict any one or combination of the others. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'consistent' in WordNet: 1. (8) consistent - ((sometimes followed by 'with') in agreement or consistent or reliable; 'testimony consistent with the known facts'; 'I have decided that the course of conduct which I am following is consistent with my sense of responsibility as president in time of war'- FDR) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conforming . :Consistently :wnsense "consistently1adv", "systematically1adv" ; :wordnet "consistently", "systematically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Consistently'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' characterizing some (any kind of) aspect of a series of actions that is similar or identical in all or most of those actions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consistently' in WordNet: 1. (8) systematically, consistently - (in a systematic or consistent manner; 'they systematically excluded women') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Consolidating a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Consolidating'' is an Event in which some objects or materials aggregate into a compact mass that can be reated as a single Object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organization ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consolidation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ConsolidatingAction :wnsense "consolidate1v", "consolidate3v", "consolidation2n", "integration2n" ; :wordnet "consolidate", "consolidation", "integration" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Consolidating'' is a ''Uniting'' Event in which some agent(s) act to change the organizational structure of two or more Organizations having separate identity into one Organization that has components from all of the initially separate Organizations. NOTE: this constrains the meaning of this type to 'consolidation' of Organizational operations to distinguish it from the broader parent ''Uniting''. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'consolidate' in WordNet: 1. (3) consolidate - (unite into one; 'The companies consolidated') 3. consolidate - (bring together into a single whole or system; 'The town and county schools are being consolidated') WN noun 'conolidation': 2. (1) consolidation, integration - (the act of combining into an integral whole; 'a consolidation of two corporations'; 'after their consolidation the two bills were passed unanimously'; 'the defendants asked for a consolidation of the actions against them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combining, :Uniting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organization ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organization ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Consolidation :wnsense "consolidation3n" ; :wordnet "consolidation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Consolidation'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that was produced by a ''Consolidating'' Event (of any subtype). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'consolidation' in WordNet: 3. consolidation - (something that has consolidated into a compact mass; 'he dropped the consolidation into the acid bath') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WholeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consolidating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Consoling :wnsense "comfort3n", "consolation2n", "console1v", "solace1v", "solace3n" ; :wordnet "comfort", "consolation", "console", "solace" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Consoling'' is a ''ProvidingMentalComfort'' in which the thing given is ''Solace''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 1. (4) comfort, soothe, console, solace - (give moral or emotional strength to) WN noun 'consolation': 2. consolation, comfort, solace - (the act of consoling; giving relief in affliction; 'his presence was a consolation to her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProvidingMentalComfort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solace ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Consonant :guid "be01439d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "consonant" ; :wnsense "consonant1n" ; :wordnet "consonant" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the phoneme, the abstract symbol representing the sound (not the sound itself). For alphabetical consonants, use 'Consonant-Alphabetical'. Cyc: Collection of #$Consonants. Consonants are those sounds produced when something in the vocal tract is obstructing the airflow. Example: The English letter l represents a consonant. SUMO: An AlphabeticCharacter that denotes a speech sound that results in audible friction when it is pronounced. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phoneme . :Consonant-Alphabetical :guid "be01439d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "consonant" ; :wnsense "consonant2n" ; :wordnet "consonant" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the alphabetical symbol. For phonetic consonants, use 'Consonant' Cyc: Collection of #$Consonants. Consonants are those sounds produced when something in the vocal tract is obstructing the airflow. Example: The English letter l represents a consonant. SUMO: An AlphabeticCharacter that denotes a speech sound that results in audible friction when it is pronounced. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'consonant' in WordNet: 2. (2) consonant - (a letter of the alphabet standing for a spoken consonant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlphabeticalCharacter . :Consortium :wnsense "consortium1n", "pool4n", "syndicate2n" ; :wordnet "consortium", "pool", "syndicate" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Consortium'' is an ''Organization'' formed by a a Group of Organizations to achieve some Specific Goal that requires multiple Organizations Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consortium' in WordNet: 1. consortium, pool, syndicate - (an association of companies for some definite purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Association, :GroupOfOrganizations, :PrivateSectorOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasGatheredForPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :Conspicuous :isTheOppositeOf :Inconspicuous ; :wnsense "conspicuous1adj" ; :wordnet "conspicuous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Conspicuous'' is easily 'Visible'. It stands out from the background. In effect 'visibly salient'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conspicuous' in Wordnet: 1. (2) conspicuous - (obvious to the eye or mind; 'a tower conspicuous at a great distance'; 'wore conspicuous neckties'; 'made herself conspicuous by her exhibitionistic preening') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obvious, :Salient, :Visible . :Conspicuously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Conspicuous, :Prominent ; :wnsense "conspicuously2adv", "prominently1adv" ; :wordnet "conspicuously", "prominently" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conspicuously'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives and sometimes assertions to assert that the attribute is so pronounced as to be 'conspicuous' to an observer, or the Action is performed in a manner so as to be 'conspicuous' or 'prominent'. 'conspicuously absent'; 'written conspicously in red ink' Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'conspicuously' in Wordnet: 2. (2) prominently, conspicuously - (in a prominent way; 'the new car was prominently displayed in the driveway') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction'' is a ''Feat'' performed by a Person that is difficult and successful and ''Admirable'' and recognized as such by some ''GroupOfpeople'' that is wider than one's friends and associates. Performing such Actions can gain a Person ''Prestige''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimateActivity, :Feat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Admirable ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prestige ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :ConspiracyAgreement :wnsense "collusion1n", "collusion2n", "confederacy4n", "conspiracy1n" ; :wordnet "collusion", "confederacy", "conspiracy" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConspiracyAgreement'' Agreement between People to attempt to perform some Illegal act. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conspiracy' and parts of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'collusion' in WordNet: 1. (3) conspiracy, confederacy - (a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act) WN noun 'collusion': 1. (2) collusion - (secret agreement) 2. connivance, collusion - (agreement on a secret plot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :IllegalAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conspiring ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :ConspiracyGroup :wnsense "confederacy3n", "conspiracy3n" ; :wordnet "confederacy", "conspiracy" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConspiracyGroup'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' who are ''Conspiring'' or have conspired to perform an IllegalAction. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conspiracy' in WordNet: 3. (2) conspiracy, confederacy - (a group of conspirators banded together to achieve some harmful or illegal purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conspirator ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Colluding ] . :Conspirator :wnsense "coconspirator1n", "conspirator1n", "machinator1n", "plotter3n" ; :wordnet "coconspirator", "conspirator", "machinator", "plotter" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Conspirator'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who participates in a ''Conspiring'' action to create a ''ConspiracyAgreement'' *or* who participates in the execution of that plan, by participating in a ''Colluding''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conspirator' in WordNet: 1. (1) conspirator, coconspirator, plotter, machinator - (a member of a conspiracy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conspiring ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Conspiring :eng "conspiring" ; :wnsense "cabal1v", "complot1v", "conjure3v", "conspire1v", "machinate2v" ; :wordnet "cabal", "complot", "conjure", "conspire", "machinate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conspiring'' is the Action of creating a ''ConspiracyAgreement''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'conspire' in WordNet: 1. (3) conspire, cabal, complot, conjure, machinate - (engage in plotting or enter into a conspiracy, swear together; 'They conspired to overthrow the government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnAgreement, :SchemingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConspiracyAgreement ] . :Constable :wnsense "constable1n", "constable3n", "police constable1n" ; :wordnet "constable", "police constable" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'constable' in WordNet: 1. (1) constable - (a lawman with less authority and jurisdiction than a sheriff) 3. constable, police constable - (a police officer of the lowest rank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalLawEnforcementOfficer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Policing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Constant :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :VaryingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Variable ; :wnsense "changeless2adj", "constant1adj", "fixed1adj", "invariant2adj", "unvarying1adj" ; :wordnet "changeless", "constant", "fixed", "invariant", "unvarying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Constant'' is An AttributeValue of things that do not change (by much) spontaneously, or cannot be changed. \"istheattributeofsomethingdoi For unchanging quantities use the subtype ''Fixed''. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'constant' and sense 1 of 'fixed' in WordNet: 1. (39) changeless, constant, invariant, unvarying - (persistent in occurrence and unvarying in nature; 'maintained a constant temperature'; 'principles of unvarying validity') WN adj 'fixed': 1. (17) fixed - ((of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ConstantMathematicalQuantity :wnsense "constant2n" ; :wordnet "constant" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConstantMathematicalQuantity'' is a ''MathematicalQuantity''that remains of constant value throughout any specific calculation, as other quantities are allowed to vary. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'constant' in WordNet: 2. (5) constant - (a number representing a quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context; 'the velocity of light is a constant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Constant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ConstantQuantity a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ConstantQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity which has a constant value, e.g. 3 meters and 5 hours. The magnitude (see MagnitudeFn) of every ConstantQuantity is a RealNumber. ConstantQuantities are distinguished from FunctionQuantities, which map ConstantQuantities to other ConstantQuantities. All ConstantQuantites are expressed with the BinaryFunction MeasureFn, which takes a Number and a UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example, 3 Meters can be expressed as (MeasureFn 3 Meter). ConstantQuantities form a partial order (see PartialOrderingRelation) with the lessThan relation, since lessThan is a RelationExtendedToQuantities and lessThan is defined over the RealNumbers. The lessThan relation is not a total order (see TotalOrderingRelation) over the class ConstantQuantity since elements of some subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to elements of other subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as mass quantities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalQuantity ; owl:disjointWith :FunctionQuantity . :Constantly :wnsense "constantly1adv", "perpetually1adv" ; :wordnet "constantly", "perpetually" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Constantly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event and specifies that the action is performed repeatedly or seemingly repeatedly over some time interval. This is used to describe the frequency of Actions that are performed by someone other than the narrator, and often suggests that the Actions described are unwanted or interruptive. This also suggests that there is or seems to be little time beween the iterations of the Event - this term is often used as an exaggeration expressing displeasure at the repetition rate. For a corresponding rate measure use ''often''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'constantly' and sense 1 of 'persistently' in WordNet: 1. (13) constantly, perpetually - (seemingly uninterrupted; 'constantly bullied by his big brother'; 'was perpetually answering the doorbell') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frequently . :Constellation :wnsense "constellation2n" ; :wordnet "constellation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Constellation'' is any pattern of visible stars that has been named. The names often suggest Objects (mostly people and animals) that are suggested by the pattern of the brightest stars in each constellation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'constellation' in WordNet: 2. constellation - (a configuration of stars as seen from the earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Configuration, :GroupOfStars, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conspicuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Consternation :wnsense "alarm1n", "consternation1n", "dismay2n" ; :wordnet "alarm", "consternation", "dismay" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Consternation'' is a mild form of ''Fear'', mixed with Surprise. RHW: a sudden, alarming amazement or dread that results in utter confusion; dismay. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consternation' in WordNet: 1. (2) alarm, dismay, consternation - (fear resulting from the awareness of danger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distress, :Fear, :Surprise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dismaying ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute ] . :Constipation :guid "c0fd4bb2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "constipation1n", "irregularity4n" ; :wordnet "constipation", "irregularity" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Abnormally delayed or infrequent passage of dry, hardened feces. NOTE: this may be undesirable, but is not usually considered as an 'ailment'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'constipation' in WordNet: 1. constipation, irregularity - (irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels; can be a symptom of intestinal obstruction or diverticulitis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, :Symptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Defecating ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intestine ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Constituency :wnsense "constituency1n" ; :wordnet "constituency" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Constituency'' is the ''GroupOfPeople'' who live within the electoral district of some ''ElectedOfficial''. NOTE: the voters of that district are represented by ''Electorate''. The ''Constituency'' of an Elected official and the 'electorate that was elegible in the election are the same, though these words are used in different contexts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'constituency' in WordNet: 1. constituency - (the body of voters who elect a representative for their area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Resident ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Electorate ; owl:onProperty :hasSubgroup ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :residesIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectoralDistrict ] . :ConstitutingSomething :wnsense "comprise1v", "comprise3v", "consist4v", "constitute1v", "make up1v" ; :wordnet "comprise", "consist", "constitute", "make up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConstitutingSomething'' is the ''PersistentState'' in which something,usually a Group of things (of any type) is/are the essential dominant component(s) of something larger (of any type). For substance composition, this notion is represented by the relation ''isTheMainComponentSubstanceOf''. But the general notion of 'comprising' something or being the 'main constituent parts' is not yet (rev1351) represented as a relation (objectProperty). To 'consitute something' does not require that the agent (group?) performing this Action be the *only* parts - just most of the whole, and the most important arts: if *Y is '99 and 44 one-hundredths percent pure *X', then *X is the agent of ''ConstitutingSomething'' for *Y. This could also be more explicitly called 'BeingTheDominantPartsOf'. see also fo substances ''consistsMostlyOfSubstance'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'constitute' in WordNet: 1. (32) constitute, represent, make up, comprise, be - (form or compose; 'This money is my only income'; 'The stone wall was the backdrop for the performance'; 'These constitute my entire belonging'; 'The children made up the chorus'; 'This sum represents my entire income for a year'; 'These few men comprise his entire army') WN verb 'consist': 4. (8) consist, comprise - (be composed of; 'The land he conquered comprised several provinces'; 'What does this dish consist of?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaRole . :Constitution :FIBO "Constitution" ; :wnsense "constitution1n" ; :wordnet "constitution" ; a :MentalObjectType, :PropositionType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Constitution' is a 'Charter' for a government or governmental organization. This was added to align with the top-level concept of FIBO 'Constitution' (as of 7-20-2014) but this has a subtype of 'instrument of incorporation' which is not necessarily governmental. The FIBO hierarchy would need to be restructured here unless this is identified with 'Charter'. SKOS def: 'A constitution defines the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it.' (SKOS editorial note): 'This defines the framework in which laws (for a country constitution), rules and regulations (for a party or organization constitution) or contractual commitments are made and in which they have force.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'constitution' in Wordnet: 1. (2) fundamental law, organic law, constitution - (law determining the fundamental political principles of a government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Charter . :Constitutional :pertainsTo :Constitution ; :wnsense "constitutional1adj" ; :wordnet "constitutional" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Constitutional'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Constitution'' and governmental systems based on a consitution. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'constitutional' in WordNet: 1. (7) constitutional - (of or relating to a constitution; 'constitutional amendments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Constrained :en "constrained" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Free ; :wnsense "circumscribed1adj", "controlled2adj", "restricted1adj", "restricted3adj" ; :wordnet "circumscribed", "controlled", "restricted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Constrained'is a very broad Attribute meaning the opposite of 'free' or 'unconstrained'. This needs to be interpreted in a specific context. It may mean 'captive' or 'constrained by rules from doing things'. This is the opposite of 'Free'. This is the result of a 'constrain' Event or State, as in senses 1 and 2 of 'constrain' in WordNet: 1. restrain, encumber, cumber, constrain - (hold back) (see ''KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething'') 2. stiffen, tighten, tighten up, constrain - (restrict; 'Tighten the rules'; 'stiffen the regulations') WN Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'restricted' and sense 2 of 'limited': 1. (2) restricted - (subject to restriction or subjected to restriction; 'of restricted importance') 3. controlled, restricted - (curbed or regulated; 'controlled emotions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limited, :PastParticiple . :Constriction :wnsense "bottleneck1n", "constriction1n" ; :wordnet "bottleneck", "constriction" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Constriction'' is a ''Feature'' of a ''LongAndThinThing'' (a ''PhysicalObject''), that is a part of that Object that is perceptibly narrower than most of the remainder of the object. This is particularly significant when the ''Constriction'' is part of a ''Pipe'' or ''Tube'' or other container through which a fluid can flow, when it reduces the ability of the 'Tube'' to carry fluid because the cross-section of the ''Constriction'' part is is smaller than the remainder of the tube. However, any narrowing in an otherwise long thing can be viewed as a ''Constriction''; the constriction is not necessarily tubular. ??hasCrossSectionalShape Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'constriction' in Wordnet: 1. (1) constriction, bottleneck, chokepoint - (a narrowing that reduces the flow through a channel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConcaveObject, :PhysicalFeature, :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThinThing ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Constrictor :guid "bd7f0dac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "constrictor1n" ; :wordnet "constrictor" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Snake that lacks venom and kills its prey by crushing it to death. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'constrictor' in Wordnet: 1. constrictor - (any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Snake, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrushingAnAnimal ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Constructing :eng "constructing" ; :guid "bd58c896-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bd58df74-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "build" ; :wnsense "build1v", "building2n", "construct2v", "construction1n" ; :wordnet "build", "building", "construct", "construction" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the type 'BuildingSomething' was inserted between 'MakingaPhysicalObject' and this type 'Constructing', to represent actions in which some Artifact is created from parts or materials, even though the thing created is not a structure - it could be a small object. For 'Constructing' the object created must be a structure (#$ConstructionArtifact in Cyc, 'StationaryArtifact' in SUMO) This includes the original constructing, and any modification, which is a subtype in CYC. Two CYC classes seem to be equivalent, though one is a subtype of the other in CYC: CYC 'MakingConstructionArtifact': A collection of events. In each #$MakingConstructionArtifact event, some instance of #$ConstructionArtifact (bridges, houses, stadiums, airports, fences, etc.) is created. Cyc: A specialization of #$MakingSomething. In each instance of this collection, one or more #$ConstructionArtifacts, such as a house or a road, are made (or incrementally enlarged or remodeled). SUMO: The subclass of Making in which a StationaryArtifact is built. Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'build' and noun senses 1 and 2 of'construction' in WordNet (for structures, but not for other objects: for non-structures use 'BuildingSomething') : in WordNet: 1. (123) construct, build, make - (make by combining materials and parts; 'this little pig made his house out of straw'; 'Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer') WN noun 'construction': 1. (663) construction, building - (the act of constructing something; 'during the construction we had to take a detour'; 'his hobby was the building of boats') 2. (48) construction, building - (the commercial activity involved in repairing old structures or constructing new ones; 'their main business is home construction'; 'workers in the building trades') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuildingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConstructionArtifact ] . :ConstructionArtifact :guid "bd589da5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO Note: this appears to be the same as StationaryArtifact in SUMO, except that it includes 'MannedSpacecraft' - which will be excluded in COSMO. In COSMO this category is interpreted as either large Artifacts that are usually stationary when used (though they might be movable, like a house), or a part of such an Artifact, like a chimney. Each such Object is created in a ''Constructing'' Event. COSMO note: this category also includes some animal constructions, like nests! It also includes areas that have been modified for use in outdoor activities, like sports fields. Perhaps it should be more specific? Cyc: A specialization of #$Artifact. Each instance of #$ConstructionArtifact is a structure designed and built by agents (human or otherwise). This collection includes buildings and parts of buildings, as well as things like dams, railroad lines, and roads. Examples include the #$RomanColiseum, the #$ArcDeTriomphe, #$HooverDam, the #$EmpireStateBuilding, and the #$HollywoodBowl. Note that the collection #$ConstructionArtifact includes some instances (such as instances of the specialization #$MannedSpacecraft) that are not tied to a fixed location, as well as some instances (such as instances of the specialization #$BridgeSpan) that, although tied to a fixed location, are not free-standing artifacts. #$FixedStructure, an important specialization of #$ConstructionArtifact, is the collection of free-standing construction artifacts that are tied to a fixed location. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact is an Artifact that has a fixed spatial location. Most instances of this Class are architectural works, e.g. the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramids, office towers, single-family houses, etc. COSMO NOTE: in SUMO a 'Monument' is a StationaryArtifact, so 'StationaryArtifact' should not be identified with the more specific 'FixedStructure', which is a Facility.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableArtifact, :Structure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immobile ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Constructing ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedInEvent ] . :ConstructionCompany :guid "bd58f6d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a ''ConstructionCompany'' can be very small, only a few people. It will almost always be incorporated, but is not necessarily a Corporation. CYC: A specialization of both #$CommercialServiceOrganization and #$PrivateSectorOrganization. Each instance of #$ConstructionCompany is an organization whose main function (see the constant #$MainFunction) is constructing or remodeling buildings, houses, dams, bridges, or other construction artifacts (see the collection #$ConstructionArtifact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Builder, :Business, :CommercialServiceOrganization, :PrivateSectorOrganization . :ConstructionCrane :wnsense "crane4n" ; :wordnet "crane" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'crane' in WordNet: 4. crane - (lifts and moves heavy objects; lifting tackle is suspended from a pivoted boom that rotates around a vertical axis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiftingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Constructing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ConstructionMaterialType :guid "b78a28da-983a-41d7-8639-b1d8bf2e5a73" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all types of material which are normally used for construction. Instances of this collection are context dependent with ice being an instance along the Arctic coast of North America and palm leaves being an instance throughout most of the tropics. #$Wood and stone [#$StoneStuff] are instances in most human societies in which they are available. COSMO note: we require that this be a solid substance, so liquid unpoured concrete or glues would not be included. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance . :ConstructionObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConstructionObject'' is a PhysicalObject used in constructing structures. This is the Object correlating with the substance ''BuildingMaterial''. NOTE: the WN term 'building material' is ambiguous between material as stuff (substance) and material as objects. In COSMO that synset labels both meanings. Here it can be interpreted as one or moreobjects used in construction - a pallet loaded with bricks,or multiple bags of mortar, or both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'building material' in WordNet: 1. building material - (material used for constructing buildings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Product, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Constructing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BuildingMaterial ; owl:onProperty :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :ConstructionOfTheTajMahal :hasEndingTimePoint :EndPointOf1648 ; :hasStartingTimePoint :BeginPointOf1626 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :ShahJahan ; a :Action . :ConstructionStone :wnsense "stone3n" ; :wordnet "stone" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConstructionStone'' is a ''ConstructionObject'' made of ''Stone''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stone' in WordNet: 3. (86) stone - (building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose; 'he wanted a special stone to mark the site') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :ConstructionVehicle :en "construction vehicle" ; :guid "be4f2d7e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$ConstructionVehicle is a specialization of #$LandTransportationDevice, #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, and #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$ConstructionVehicle is a land vehicle that is used to make roads, dams, buildings etc. They also may be either a #$WheeledTransportationDevice or a #$TrackedVehicle.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalCombustionPoweredDevice, :LandTransportationVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConstructionCompany ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :ConstructionWorker :guid "c0ecfae3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "construction worker1n", "hard hat1n" ; :wordnet "construction worker", "hard hat" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'construction worker' in WordNet: 1. construction worker, hard hat - (a worker skilled in building offices or dwellings etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :Employee . :Constructive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :HelpingAnAgent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unhelpful ; :wnsense "constructive1adj", "constructive3adj" ; :wordnet "constructive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Constructive'' is an attribute of Assertions especially advice or criticism or comments generally that tend to help an agent by pointing out possible errors or suggesting possibly useful Actions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'constructive' in Wordnet: 1. (5) constructive - (constructing or tending to construct or improve or promote development; 'constructive criticism'; 'a constructive attitude'; 'a constructive philosophy'; 'constructive permission') 2. constructive - (emphasizing what is laudable or hopeful or to the good; 'constructive criticism') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Helpful . :Consul :guid "bdf591be-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "consul1n" ; :wordnet "consul" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of persons, a subset of #$Diplomat. Each element of #$Consul is a person who is officially appointed by a country's government to aid and serve its citizens in a foreign city. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consul' in WordNet: 1. consul - (a diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diplomat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consulate ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consulate-TheMission ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Consulate :guid "c02842d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "consulate1n" ; :wordnet "consulate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Consulate-TheBuilding': The collection of all consulates, the buildings in which official diplomatic representations are hosted. For the office itself see #$Consulate-TheMission. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consulate' in WordNet: 1. consulate - (diplomatic building that serves as the residence or workplace of a consul) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiplomaticBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consulate-TheMission ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :Consulate-TheMission :en "consulate" ; :guid "bdbe3cb0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all consulates, the official diplomatic representations of a country A in a foreign country B. Not to be confused with the buildings in which such offices are hosted. See #$Consulate-TheBuilding. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiplomaticMission-ThePost, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consulate ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Consultant :wnsense "consultant1n" ; :wordnet "consultant" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Consultant'' is an ''Advisor'' who is paid for providig ''Advice''. This is for an individual Person. An Organization listed as the 'consultant' is not directly represented (Rev1337) in COSMO, but wouuld be specified as the agent (instance of ''AgentType'') doing the ''ConsultingService''. Corresponds to part (professional consultants) of noun sense 1 of 'consultant' in WordNet: 1. (3) adviser, advisor, consultant - (an expert who gives advice; 'an adviser helped students select their courses'; 'the United States sent military advisors to Guatemala') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advisor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConsultingService ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Consulting :en "asking for advice" ; :eng "consulting" ; :wnsense "confer with1v", "consult1v" ; :wordnet "confer with", "consult" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Consulting'' is any event in which one Person or GroupOfPeople ask another Person or GroupOfPeople for advice on what to do in some situation. NOTE: This is for a ''Consulting' in which Advice (good or bad) is actually *given*. For a Meeting where one seeks Advice but doesn't get it, the parent ''InformationGathering' or ''Inquiring'' can be used. NOTE: the action in which a Person gives advice for pay is represented as ''ConsultingService'', under ''Advising''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'consult' in WordNet: 1. (15) consult, confer with - (get or ask advice from; 'Consult your local broker'; 'They had to consult before arriving at a decision') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advising, :Asking, :InformationGathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Advice ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ConsultingService :wnsense "consult4v" ; :wordnet "consult" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConsultingService'' is an action performed by a ''Consultant''who provdes Advice (about business or Government policy or other actions performed by organizations large enough to afford a ''consultant''s fee).) The ''Consultant' could be recorded (e.g. on a bill) as an Organization that provides consulting services, so the perfomrmer is allowed to be a ''Consultant'' or ''AgentType''. More specificity can be added if needed. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'consult' in WordNet: 4. consult - (advise professionally; 'The professor consults for industry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advising, :ProfessionalServicing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Consultant :AgentType ) ] ] . :ConsumableProduct :guid "bd58e656-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ConsumableProduct is a Substance that is rendered unusable for its intended purpose after a single use. Fuels are an example, and so is commercially prepared food. Most paper products are consumable, even though a portion may be used several times instead of just once (as with tissue paper). A specialization of #$PartiallyTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$ConsumableProduct is a product of which any portion can be used only once. A portion of a #$ConsumableProduct is 'used up', i.e., destroyed or transformed into an unusable or waste form, during normal use. Note: 'consumable' here does not necessarily mean consumed by mouth; the consumption may be any use of the product.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProductSubstance . :Consumed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ConsumingSomething ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Consumed'' is an AttributeValue of something - objectsor substances - that were used n some ''ConsumingSomething'' Action and no longer usable. This applies only to the materials consumed in one ''ConsumingSomething'', and does not apply to some 'supply' of materials that was 'used up. For the consumption of a 'supply' of aome kind use subtype ''Depleted'' or its subtype ''UsedUp''. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'depleted' in Wordnet: 1. (2) depleted - (having resources completely depleted; 'our depleted resources') 2. depleted, low - (no longer sufficient; 'supplies are low'; 'our funds are depleted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Born, :PastParticiple . :Consumer :wnsense "consumer1n", "end user1n" ; :wordnet "consumer", "end user" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Consumer'' is a Person in a ''UserRole'' in which the thing 'used' is a commercial Product (goods or services). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'consumer' in WordNet: 1. (12) consumer - (a person who uses goods or services) WN noun 'end user': 1. end user - (the ultimate user for which something is intended) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :UserRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :makesUseOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Product :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :ServiceEvent :EventType ) ] ] . :ConsumingFoodOrDrink :en "ingesting" ; :guid "bd58cbb4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "consume1v", "consume2v", "consumption1n", "have6v", "ingest1v", "ingestion1n", "intake1n", "take in15v", "take18v", "uptake1n" ; :wordnet "consume", "consumption", "have", "ingest", "ingestion", "intake", "take", "take in", "uptake" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Ingesting and #$AnimalActivity. Each instance of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an animal ingests some portion of food or drink through its mouth. Notable specializations of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink are #$EatingEvent and #$DrinkingEvent. NOTE that this is done via the mouth, as the restriction requires. have: 'I'll have what she's having.' Corresponds to part of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'consume' in WordNet; this sense represents consumption of food that is not necessarily immoderate and can be a single event, or multiple events. in WordNet: 1. (3) devour, down, consume, go through - (eat immoderately; 'Some people can down a pound of meat in the course of one meal') 2. (3) consume, ingest, take in, take, have - (serve oneself to, or consume regularly; 'Have another bowl of chicken soup!'; 'I don't take sugar in my coffee') WN noun 'consumption': 1. (2) consumption, ingestion, intake, uptake - (the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, :Ingesting, :InternalChange, :PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwallowingFood ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :requiredBodypart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SatisfyingHungerOrThirst ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :ConsumingSomething :en "drain down", "draw down" ; :env "drain down", "draw down" ; :ldoce "use" ; :wnsense "consume3v", "consume4v", "consumption1n", "consumption4n", "drain2v", "intake1n", "use4v", "wipe out1v" ; :wordnet "consume", "consumption", "drain", "intake", "use", "wipe out" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ConsumingSomething' is an Action in which some Resource is consumed or expended, by an animal or inanimate thing; it is not necessary that the entire 'supply' of something available at the start of an action be consumed in order to be an instance of this type, but the thing consumed will be the portion of the supply that is no longer available for use after the action. To represent the consumption of a full available supply of something, use the subtype 'ExhaustingaSupply'. The thing expended is usually a PhysicalObject, but may be a PhysicalSubstance or more abstract, such as money, time, energy, or physiological energy. The thing expended is specified by the relation 'hadObjectModified'. NOTE that consuming Money does not mean it is wasted - the thing obtained in return may be valuable and sellable for even more than the purchase price, but in the given transaction, the money itself is no longer available to the person spending it. Consuming therefore does not mean 'destruction' - one may consume fresh water by using it in different ways, but the water still exists. This is not a subtype of 'ActionOnObject' because the thing consumed may not be an Object. (@ToDo a quantity of substance is an Object, so this might be represented so as to be an ActionOnObject - to be reconsidered). Includes verb senses 3,4, of 'consume' and sense 1 of 'expend' and sense 1 of 'use up' and sense 4 of 'use' and noun senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'consumption' in WordNet: 3. (2) consume, squander, waste, ware - - (spend extravagantly; waste not, want not) 4. (1) consume - - (destroy completely; The fire consumed the building) WN noun 'consumpton': 3. consumption, economic consumption, usance, use, use of goods and services - ((economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing; 'the consumption of energy has increased steadily') 4. consumption, using up, expenditure - (the act of consuming something) WN verb 'drain': 2. (1) drain - (deplete of resources; 'The exercise class drains me of energy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :DecreaseEvent, :PhysicalDestructionEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Object ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Supply ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReplenishingaSupply ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :ContactComponent :wnsense "contact7n", "tangency2n" ; :wordnet "contact", "tangency" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ContactComponent'' is a part of an ''ElectricalDevice'' that is designed to make electrical contact with other parts of the same Device or with other Devices so as to transmit voltage or current. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'contact' in WordNet: 7. (1) contact, tangency - ((electronics) a junction where things (as two electrical conductors) touch or are in physical contact; 'they forget to solder the contacts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connector, :ElectricalComponent, :ElectricalConnection . :ContactLens :guid "bd58e42b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eyewear, :Lens-Artificial, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eyeball ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seeing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :ContactLocation :guid "bd58d337-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalObject. Each instance of #$ContactLocation is a location at which some particular agent (e.g. a person or a corporation) may be contacted by any of several means, for any of several purposes. #$ContactLocations include any place to which one may direct one or more of the following: letters, packages, phone calls or voice messages, bills, email, faxes, pages, subpoenas. Contact locations must be fairly specific - e.g. my house or my office, but not simply my city of residence. A ContactLocation may be mobile - such as a cell phone.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject . :ContactingaPerson :en "getthrough to", "make contact with" ; :typicallyStarts :OralConversation ; :wnsense "contact1v", "get hold of2v", "get through4v", "reach4v" ; :wordnet "contact", "get hold of", "get through", "reach" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ContactingaPerson'' is an Action by one Person that initiates a conversation between that Person and one or more other people, by voice or telephone or email or snail mail (post) or other medium of communication. \"calling\" Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contact' in WordNet: 1. (10) reach, get through, get hold of, contact - (be in or establish communication with; 'Our advertisements reach millions'; 'He never contacted his children after he emigrated to Australia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conversation ; owl:onProperty :starts ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OralConversation ; owl:onProperty :typicallyStarts ] . :Contagious :wnsense "catching1", "communicable1adj", "contagious1adj", "contractable1adj", "transmissible1adj", "transmittable1adj" ; :wordnet "catching", "communicable", "contagious", "contractable", "transmissible", "transmittable" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of infectious diseases that are easily spread from one host to another. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contagious' in WordNet: 2. catching, communicable, contagious, contractable, transmissible, transmittable - ((of disease) capable of being transmitted by infection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :ContagiousDisease :wnsense "contagion1n", "contagious disease1n" ; :wordnet "contagion", "contagious disease" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ContagiousDisease'' is a ''Disease'' that can be transmitted from one organism to another by direct or indirect contact, as when one organism emits an infectious agent into the air or water and that agent is ingested by another Organism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contagious disease' in WordNet: 1. contagious disease, contagion - (any disease easily transmitted by contact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contagious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ContainedAir :en "contained air" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ContainedAir''is the ''Air'' in some ''ContainerArtifact''. This is ''Air'' that is contained in any ''ContainerArtifact'' - a building, a Room, any isolated chamber, or a storage container, among other things. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Air, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :ContainerArtifact ] . :ContainedAlcoholicBeverage a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ContainedAlcoholicBeverage'' is some quantity of 'AlcoholicBeverage'' in a container, not necessarily filling the container. This probably should be an instance of a more specific type - 'AlcoholicObjectType'? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainedLiquidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :ContainedChampagne a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ContainedChampagne'' is a ''ContainedAlcoholicBeverage'' in which the beverage is ''Champagne''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainedWine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Champagne ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :ContainedLiquidObject a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LiquidObject that is inside a container at the time it is referred to. Liquids inside a container have more stable shape and volume than those not contained. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidObject . :ContainedObject :en "contained Object" ; :enn "contained Object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ContainedObject'' is one of a Group of ''ContainedObjects'', located in some ''GenericContainer''. NOTE that the two restrictions are logically redundant, in that something being an element of a ''ContainedObjects'' Group requires that it also be contained in some container. If the implication is represented directly, the ''isContainedInObject'' can be removed. Otherwise, it is there to make the meaning more directly clear. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ContainedObjects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedInObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectGroup :ContainerType :GenericContainer ) ] ] . :ContainedObjects :en "contained objects", "group of contained objects" ; :enn "contained objects", "group of contained objects" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ContainedObjects'' is a subtype of ''Contents'' that is a Group of PhysicalObjects that are contained within some generic 'container' (which could be a building) Having a Group of this type can be used to represent all of the objects inside some cavity, especially human artifacts that were built to contain things,even thought that is not usually the explicit function that people have when creating an artifact, such as a ''Building''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contents, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedInObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectGroup :ContainerType :GenericContainer ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ContainedObject ] . :ContainedWine a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ContainedWine'' is a ''ContainedAlcoholicBeverage'' in which the beverage is ''Wine''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainedAlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wine ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Container :en "can contain", "is designed to contain" ; :wnsense "container1n" ; :wordnet "container" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc, 'Container' is construed very broadly, and includes vehicles (including open flat-topped vehicles) and buildings. We follow the broad Cyc usage, and create specializations where needed. All containers are PhysicalObjects. NOTE that a 'Container' can be natural, including biological 'containers' in organisms, and geological reservoirs of oil, gas, and water. Cyc comment: The collection of tangible objects whose primary function (see #$primaryFunction) is to contain something (see #$ContainingSomething). Note that just about anything can serve as a container without actually being a container. For example the palm of your hand when cupped may contain some marbles. But because your palm is not always configured as and does not function primarily as a container, it would not be represented as a #$Container but would rather stand in a particular *relation* to the marbles via some containment predicate. To relate contents to the thing containing them (whether or not that thing is a #$Container) use one or more specific predicates indicating the type of containment present (#$in-ContOpen, #$in-ContClosed, #$in-ContFullOf, #$in-Held, #$packagedIn, #$physicallyContains, #$protectiveContains, ...). If the type of containment is not known use the general predicate #$in-ContGeneric. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'container' in WordNet: 1. (15) container - (any object that can be used to hold things (especially a large metal boxlike object of standardized dimensions that can be loaded from one form of transport to another)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerShapedObject, :FunctionalObject, :GenericContainer . :ContainerAndContents :ldoce "contents" ; :wnsense "contents1n" ; :wordnet "contents" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ContainerAndContents is a category of PhysicalObjects created to resolve some problems arising from linguistic usage, where the contents of a container may be referred to in a way that also suggests some participation of the container. One example of this is the notion of Stream and river, where the stream may exist even when dry, but the water content of a stream may be the more frequent referent. A BodyOfWater (a geographical thing) is a ContainerAndContents, and a StreamBed would correspond to the container that is part of a Stream. This is also useful when one wants to represent statements like 'I bought a carton of milk', where what was bought was both the milk and the containing carton. However, linguistic interpretation depends on context; to assert that 'I drank a carton of milk' does not imply that the containing carton was consumed; in this case only the contents would be the interpretation of 'carton of milk'. To instantiate this type requires that both the 'Container' and the 'Contents' be specified. NOTE that a 'ContainerAndContents' can also be a 'Package', but 'Package' includes wrapped things that are not in a true 'Container'. Only part of the meaning of this type is covered by the word 'contents' see 'Contents' below for the full collection of contained objects. Part of this type Corresponds only to part of the meaning of 'content' noun sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (12) content - (everything that is included in a collection; 'he emptied the contents of his pockets'; 'the two groups were similar in content') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerShapedObject, :ObjectGroup, :PhysicalObject . :ContainerArtifact a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$ContainerArtifact is a specialization of #$Container, #$PhysicalDevice, and #$Artifact-NonAgentive. Each instance of #$ContainerArtifact is an object whose primary function (or one of whose main functions) is to be a container. Instances of #$ContainerArtifact include storage containers for books, office records, food, clothing, tools, and materials; containers for transporting the same; passenger compartments of various kinds of vehicles; and artificial constructs for housing humans and animals. Specializations include #$Crib, #$Sandbox, #$OfficeSpace, and #$Coffin. NOTE that a 'ContainerArtifact' is a 'Holder', which makes it a Device; its function is 'StorageOfSomething'. For specialized containers, the thing stored can be specified by using 'isDesignedToContain'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Container, :Holder, :SolidObject, :StorageEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StorageOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :ContainerByVolume a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ContainerByVolume' is a 'ContainerArtifact' that has a specified volume. This type allows one to specify, e.g. a 'gallon jug' or 'quart container'. The volume must be specified. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasInternalVolume ; owl:someValuesFrom :VolumeMeasure ] . :ContainerCap :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :ContainerWithTopCap ; :ldoce "cap" ; :wnsense "cap2n" ; :wordnet "cap" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ContainerCap'is a 'ContainerLid' intended to be used as a ContainerLid for a 'ContainerWithTopCap', but is not a cork,and must extend over the sides of the portal section of the container so as to be replaceable, and to fit onto the portal opening in some fashion (as by friction, screw, flexible tight fit) so as not to fall off when the container is inverted sufficient to pour out the contents; for some FoodTins, the ContainerCap may fall off due to the weight of the contents, if the container is fully inverted. This does not include the cap of containers such as the gas tank of vehicles, that cannot be inverted while in use. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cap' in WordNet: 2. (2) cap - (a top (as for a bottle)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerLid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reusable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ContainerWithTopCap ] . :ContainerCapacity :isAnAttributeValueOf :Container ; :takesValue :VolumeMeasure ; :wnsense "capacity3n" ; :wordnet "capacity" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''ContainerCapacity'' is a ''Volume'' that is the maximum volume of material that can fit inside a ''Container''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'capacity' in WordNet: 3. (6) capacity, content - (the amount that can be contained; 'the gas tank has a capacity of 12 gallons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Volume . :ContainerFull a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ContainerFull' is the type for UnitOfMeasure that are the units for instances of volume measures that reference a container to express the volume; quantities such as 'a cupful' or 'a cup' or 'a boxful' or 'a box of . . .' are linguistic expressions that reference measures of this type. The actual measure will vary, depending on the size of the specific container referenced.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheQuantityThatWillFillA ; owl:someValuesFrom :ContainerType ] . :ContainerLid :guid "bd58f454-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :ContainerArtifact ; :ldoce "lid" ; :wnsense "lid2n" ; :wordnet "lid" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PortalCovering. Each instance of this collection is a covering used to seal some kind of #$ContainerArtifact. NOTE: this includes lids that are held on only by gravity, such as the glass top of some glass jars; these caps will usually fall off if the container is even partly inverted, enough to pour out the contents. This also includes a flexible 'lid' is attached to a Container and can that can fold over the opening to hold in the contents. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lid' in WordNet: 2. lid - (a movable top or cover (hinged or separate) for closing the opening of a container) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortalCovering . :ContainerShapedObject :guid "be1f8dfd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$CavityOrContainers which have a distinct or clearly defined outside surface (see #$ClearlyDefinedEntireExternalSurface). Unlike instances of the more specialized collection #$Container, instances of #$ContainerShapedObject do not necessarily contain things as their main function. Examples of #$ContainerShapedObject include the cap of an #$Acorn, the flower of a #$Tulip-Plant, a #$RadioTelescope dish, or a table tennis ball. Negative examples include a #$Cave. Although a cave is a #$CavityOrContainer it does not have clearly defined outside walls. However, the existence of clearly defined *inside* walls entails that any #$Cave is a #$CavityWithWalls (q.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityOrContainer, :PhysicalObject . :ContainerShip :guid "bfd52ca0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "container ship1n", "container vessel1n", "containership1n" ; :wordnet "container ship", "container vessel", "containership" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ContainerShip'' transports cargo in 'containers' each of which is about the size of a railroad freight car; they are designed to be able to be lifted off the ship and placed on a trailer to complete the transportation process by road. Very efficient, enables inexpensive cross-ocean transport. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'container ship' in WordNet: 1. container ship, containership, container vessel - (a cargo ship designed to hold containerized cargoes; 'the weight of the documentation of all the consignments on board a contemporary container ship can exceed 90 pounds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CargoShip . :ContainerStopper :wnsense "plug1n", "stopper1n" ; :wordnet "plug", "stopper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A solid Object designed to snugly fit the top opening in certain kinds of containers (such as a wine bottle or a liquid chemical reagent bottle), to seal it and prevent movement in or out of substances,usually liquids. A screw-on cap is not an instance. this is to sea the tops of containers. To seal the bottom, use ''Plug''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stopper' and sense 1 of 'plug' in WordNet: 1. (1) plug, stopper, stopple - (blockage consisting of an object designed to fill a hole tightly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :PortalCovering, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottleOrJarPortal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :ContainerType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ContainerType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for containers and an argument restriction for various relations on container types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. 'Containers' can be artifacts or natural objects.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HolderType . :ContainerWithTopCap :typicallyHasPhysicalPart :TopCap ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ContainerWithTopCap is a PackagingContainerProduct that can be manipulated and inverted with the hands, has an opening (Portal) at the top, that can be closed with a ContainerLid. Mostly for bottles, jars, and jugs (bottles with handles), but also for cans with sealable openings at the top; a 'FoodTin' (but not a 'Can') is a borderline *included* case; it can be partly inverted to pour out the containd DryFood, but, if fully inverted, may or may not lose the cap due to the weight of the contained food.. The lid is considered by COSMO convention to be *part* of the container. The part without the lid does not yet (v0.65) have a separate name. The lid for a container of this type is termed a 'TopCap'. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosableContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopCap ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottleOrJarPortal ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ] . :ContainingSomething :en "containment" ; :enn "containment" ; :wnsense "comprise2v", "contain1v", "incorporate2v" ; :wordnet "comprise", "contain", "incorporate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ContainingSomething'' is an ''IncludingSomething'' in which some ''GenericContainer'' (abstract or Physical) 'contains' or 'holds' some other object(s) in a manner analogous to a physical ''Container''. This concept is usuall linguistically expressed as a relation represented by an ObjectProperty of the 'contain' series. No WN sense of 'containment' seems to represent this abstract sense. The RHW sense 1 appears to be appropriate: RHW 'containment': 1. the act or condition of containing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contain' in WordNet: 1. (119) incorporate, contain, comprise - (include or contain; have as a component; 'A totally new idea is comprised in this paper'; 'The record contains many old songs from the 1930's') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncludingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericContainer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Containment :wnsense "containment3n" ; :wordnet "containment" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Containment'' is some form of ''Restraint'' on the actions of some ''GenericAgent'', including things like Disease (causing epidemics) as well as people (crminals, rioters, rebels). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'containment' in WordNet: 3. containment - (the act of containing; keeping something from spreading; 'the containment of the AIDS epidemic'; 'the containment of the rebellion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething, :InfluencingAnAgent, :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething . :ContainmentPolicy :wnsense "containment1n" ; :wordnet "containment" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ContainmentPolicy'' is a ''Policy'' of keeping some 'Country' from expanding its control over others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'containment' in WordNet: 1. containment - (a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate peacefully; 'containment of communist expansion was a central principle of United States' foreign policy from 1947 to the 1975') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Policy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GroupOfCountries ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TerritorialExpansion ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Contaminant :wnsense "contaminant1n", "pollutant1n" ; :wordnet "contaminant", "pollutant" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Contaminant' is an Impurity that is included in some Substance subsequent to its initial production. It may be added intentionally, or unintentionally, or by some natural process or by adding waste material to something (air or water).. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'contaminant' and noun sense 1 of 'pollutant' in WordNet: 1. contaminant, contamination - (a substance that contaminates) WN noun 'pollutant': 1. (1) pollutant - (waste matter that contaminates the water or air or soil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impurity, :SubstanceRole . :Contaminated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ContaminationEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Pure, :Uncontaminated ; :wnsense "contaminated3adj", "polluted1adj" ; :wordnet "contaminated", "polluted" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of objects or substances that are ''Impure'' as a result of some ''ContaminationEvent''. NOTE: the WN gloss for this sense suggests that the thing characterized is 'unwholesome' but this sense is not restricted to contamination that can cause health problems, it includes, among other things, contamination that can cause erroneous test results or imparts any unwanted properties to a substance or sample of material. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 3 of 'contaminated' in Wordnet: 3. contaminated, polluted - (rendered unwholesome by contaminants and pollution; 'had to boil the contaminated water'; 'polluted lakes and streams') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impure . :ContaminationEvent :en "contaminating", "polluting" ; :guid "bffdf971-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "contaminate1v", "contamination3n", "foul2v", "pollute1v", "pollution3n" ; :wordnet "contaminate", "contamination", "foul", "pollute", "pollution" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a subtype of ''Dirtying'' where substances acquire undesirable components, in any way. See 'Additive' and 'Adulterant' for substances that may be added, some of which would be participants in a 'ContaminationEvent'. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. In each instance of #$ContaminationEvent, some instance of #$PartiallyTangible comes to contain a #$contaminant, and this state of affairs is considered undesirable from the point of view of some agent (see the related predicate #$unwantedMatter). Specializations of #$ContaminationEvent include #$InfectionTransmissionEvent and #$Process. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contaminate' and noun sense 3 of 'pollution' in WordNet: 1. (4) pollute, foul, contaminate - (make impure; 'The industrial wastes polluted the lake') WN noun 'pollution': 3. contamination, pollution - (the act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dirtying, :ExposureToSubstance, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Contaminant :Adulterant :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :Contemplation :wnsense "contemplation2n", "musing1n", "reflection1n", "reflexion4n", "rumination1n", "thoughtfulness1n" ; :wordnet "contemplation", "musing", "reflection", "reflexion", "rumination", "thoughtfulness" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Contemplation'' is a deep ''Considering'' that is performed in an unhurried manner so as to allow careful reflection on all aspects of an issue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contemplation' in WordNet: 2. (2) contemplation, reflection, reflexion, rumination, musing, thoughtfulness - (a calm lengthy intent consideration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Considering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prolonged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calm ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Contemporaries :wnsense "contemporaries1n" ; :wordnet "contemporaries" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Contemporaries'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contemporaries' in WordNet: 1. (8) coevals, contemporaries, generation - (all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :Contemporary :isTheOppositeOf :OldFashioned, :Outdated ; :wnsense "contemporary1adj", "contemporary2adj", "modern-day1adj", "present-day1adj" ; :wordnet "contemporary", "modern-day", "present-day" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Contemporary'' is the attribute of things - objects, practices, events - that are currently ocurring and not out-of-date. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'contemporary' in WordNet: 1. (10) contemporary, modern-day - (characteristic of the present; 'contemporary trends in design'; 'the role of computers in modern-day medicine') 2. (5) contemporary, present-day - (belonging to the present time; 'contemporary leaders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modern . :Contempt :guid "bd58a597-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasContrastingFeeling :Respect ; :wnsense "contempt1n", "despite1n", "disdain1n", "scorn1n" ; :wordnet "contempt", "despite", "disdain", "scorn" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Contempt is a feeling of one agent toward another agent, in which the latter agent is viewed by the former as low, vile, feeble, or ignominious. Instances of #$Contempt vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, and/or the object of dislike. ''Contempt'' is a feeling of ''Dislike'' for a person together with a lack of Respect - a view that some aspect(s) of a Person's behavior is 'contemptuous'. See also ''HeldInContempt'' for the object of this Feeling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contempt' in WordNet: 1. (7) contempt, disdain, scorn, despite - (lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; 'he was held in contempt'; 'the despite in which outsiders were held is legendary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disapproval, :Dislike, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Contemptuous :guid "e23f0718-42cc-11d6-8000-0002b38bcf96" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Contempt ; :wnsense "contemptuous1adj", "disdainful1adj", "disdainful2adj", "haughty1adj", "insulting2adj", "lordly2adj", "prideful1adj", "scornful1adj", "sniffy1adj", "supercilious1adj", "swaggering1adj" ; :wordnet "contemptuous", "disdainful", "haughty", "insulting", "lordly", "prideful", "scornful", "sniffy", "supercilious", "swaggering" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being contemptuous. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. NOTE that this includes 'haughty' in sense 2 of 'disdainful' which probably can be differentiated. The attribute of having 'Contempt' for another Person or for some behavior of another Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contemptuous' and part of sense 2 of 'disdainful' (but includes haughty and prideful, perhaps temporarily if a logical difference can be discerned) in Wordnet: 1. (2) contemptuous, disdainful, insulting, scornful - (expressing extreme contempt) WN adj 'disdainful': 2. disdainful, haughty, lordly, prideful, sniffy, supercilious, swaggering - (having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy; 'some economists are disdainful of their colleagues in other social disciplines'; 'haughty aristocrats'; 'his lordly manners were offensive'; 'walked with a prideful swagger'; 'very sniffy about breaches of etiquette'; 'his mother eyed my clothes with a supercilious air'; 'a more swaggering mood than usual'- W.L.Shirer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ContentBearingObject :isaSynonymOf :Synonym ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO equivalent of 'InformationBearingObject'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingObject . :ContentBearingProcess :isaSynonymOf :InformationTransferEvent ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The SUMO term for the general event of 'InformationTransferEvent'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :ContentDevelopment :isaSynonymOf :VisualInformationGeneratingAct ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The SUMO approximate equivalent of Cyc 'VisualInformationGeneratingAct'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Contented :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Satisfaction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dissatisfied ; :wnsense "content1adj", "contented1adj" ; :wordnet "content", "contented" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Contented'' is a more specific subtype of ''Satisfied'' where the agent is satisfied not just with something specific - but with the agent's overall situation, in various aspects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 'contented' in WordNet: 1. (3) contented, content - (satisfied or showing satisfaction with things as they are; 'a contented smile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Contentious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :VerbalArguingEvent ; :wnsense "combative1adj", "contentious1adj", "disputatious1adj", "disputative1adj", "litigious2adj" ; :wordnet "combative", "contentious", "disputatious", "disputative", "litigious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Contentious'' is an Attribute of two or Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contentious' in Wordnet: 1. contentious, combative, disputatious, disputative, litigious - (inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits; 'a style described as abrasive and contentious'; 'a disputatious lawyer'; 'a litigious and acrimonious spirit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Contentment :guid "bd5894e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "contentment1n" ; :wordnet "contentment" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Feeling of satisfaction with one's possessions, status, or situation. Appeasement to the point where one is not disquieted or disturbed by a desire for what s/he does not have. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contentment' in WordNet: 1. contentment - (happiness with one's situation in life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comfort, :Satisfaction . :Contents :ldoce "contents" ; :wnsense "content1n", "contents1n" ; :wordnet "content", "contents" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Contents' represents the entire collection of PhysicalObjects (or some quantity of a substance) in some 'Container'. To instantiate this type, the restriction requires that the container be specified. This is intended to represent *all* of the objects (or stuff) in some container. For a ''Contents'' that is a Group of separate ''SolidObject''s, use the subtype ''ContainedObjects''. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'content' in WordNet (also 'contents': in WordNet: 1. (12) content - (everything that is included in a collection; 'he emptied the contents of his pockets'; 'the two groups were similar in content') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Container ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ContainerAndContents ] . :ContestRank :wnsense "ranking1n" ; :wordnet "ranking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''ContestRank'' is the position from the top (winner) that a contestant holds at the end of a Contest. Lebeled by an ordingal number followed by 'Place' (First Place', 'Second Place'. This is for individuals or teams in a multi-player contest. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ranking' in WordNet: 1. ranking - (position on a scale in relation to others in a sport) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContestResult, :Rank . :ContestResult :wnsense "final result1n", "result3n" ; :wordnet "final result", "result" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ContestResult' is the PersistentState resulting from execution and completion of a contest (game, election) that produces a final outcome, for game usually one or more ranked winners, and a score or performance indication (time for a race, score of a game) Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'result' in WordNet: 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Outcome, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Competition ] . :Contestant :wnsense "challenger1n", "competition4n", "competitor1n", "contender1n", "contestant1n", "rival1n" ; :wordnet "challenger", "competition", "competitor", "contender", "contestant", "rival" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Contestant' is a Person or GroupOfPeople (such as a Team) who is competing or has competed in a ConflictEvent. NOTE: although ConflictEvents can include conflicts between non-human animals, this type is intended only for humans involved in conflicts (competitions). If it needs to be broadened, a more general parent type should be created. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contestant' in WordNet, and includes sense 1 of 'competitor' (which in the WordNet sense would be subtype of Contestant): in WordNet: 1. (1) contestant - - (a person who participates in competitions) WN 'competitor' 1. (7) rival, challenger, competitor, competition, contender - (the contestant you hope to defeat; 'he had respect for his rivals'; 'he wanted to know what the competition was doing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Competition ; owl:onProperty :wasaContestantInCompetition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Competition ; owl:onProperty :wasaCompetitorInCompetition ] . :Contester :wnsense "contester1n" ; :wordnet "contester" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contester' in WordNet: 1. contester - (someone who contests an outcome (of a race or an election etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContestingSomething ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :ContestingSomething :wnsense "contend3v", "contest1v", "repugn1v" ; :wordnet "contend", "contest", "repugn" ; a :ActionType, :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ContestingSomething'' is to deny the validity of some Assertion, Opinion, Proposal, or Policy, and perhaps take some action to make the contrary opinion take effect. THe objects of this Action are too numerous to enumerate. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contest' in WordNet: 1. (3) contest, contend, repugn - (to make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation; 'They contested the outcome of the race') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opposing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contester ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Context :wnsense "context of use1n", "context1n", "linguistic context1n" ; :wordnet "context", "context of use", "linguistic context" ; a :ContextType, :ScopeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: Context is a very general class of entities that can affect the truth of a logical sentence; within any given Context, the factual assertions should all be logically consistent. A Context may be relevant to the internal states and processes of a computational system, or may more generally describe the broad situation in which an Agent finds itself when processing information for the purpose of making a decision. For the latter agent context, the subtype 'SituationalContextComponent' is relevant. A Context can be a time interval, location, belief system, fictional world, theory, hypothetical world, counterfactual situation, segment of text, DatabaseGroup, or the state of our own real world, among other things. Contexts can be nested, combined, or intersected. For example, a Context consisting of a TimeInterval can be intersected with a Context consisting of a ''GeographicalRegion'' to make a Context within with assertions are explicitly true only in that time and place. That does not mean, of course that the assertion cannot be true elsewhere; it just doesn't gurantee truth elsewhere. Every assertion in the COSMO ontology is implicitly true only in the context of the COSMO ontology, which is itself a theory. But that implicit qualification does not appear directly in any asertion - it can be explicitly mentioned if and when COSMO assertions are referenced in other ontologies. The nesting of Contexts provides a mechanism to create a 'lattice' of theories. In a subcontext for any given Context, all the assertions of the parent Context will be true in the subcontext, and additional assertions may also be true. In this respect, a Context is similar to the 'Microtheories' of the Cyc ontology system; it also has some resemblance to the 'Environments' discussed by Ballim and Wilks ('Artifical Believers', Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991). One specialized example of Context is a 'DatabaseGroup'. In a particular Organization, its set of Databases, if intended to represent some consistent group of facts, can be viewed and represented as a Context within which reasoning may be performed. In most cases, a 'Context' will be a set of assertions, which is a description or a theory of something, and those assertions will include terms, and the meanings of those terms will be affected by their inclusion in that particular 'Context'. However, we also want to say that the truth of an assertion depends on the time and place in which it was made or to which it refers; therefore at this point (rev987) we cannot simply model a 'Context' as some collection of assertions. @ToDo - perhaps distinctions can be made among subtypes? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'context' in WordNet: 1. (14) context, linguistic context, context of use - (discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scope . :ContextType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Context as one of their arguments. IT can also be used for types for which namespace prefixes would be convenient to label the instances, such as 'AtomicSymbol'..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Contextual :pertainsTo :Context, :Environment-Generic ; :wnsense "contextual1adj" ; :wordnet "contextual" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Contextual'' is a pertaining attribute of the surroundings of something - Event, assertion, Actions, objects - that influence how they can act, how they can be interpreted, how they may influence other things. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contextual' in Wordnet: 1. contextual - (relating to or determined by or in context; 'contextual information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Continent :guid "bd590bbb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "continent1n" ; :wordnet "continent" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The PhysicalObject consisting of one of the very large mostly dry masses of land material (with some water bodies in it) that are at and near the surface of the Earth, extending down to the mantle and floating on the mantle, Cyc: A specialization of #$LandTopographicalFeature. The instances of #$Continent on the #$PlanetEarth are the six traditional main land masses on the surface of the earth (plus the two #$geographicalSubRegions of Eurasia, Europe and Asia). The current instances are: #$ContinentOfAfrica, #$ContinentOfAntarctica, #$ContinentOfAsia, #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$ContinentOfEurasia, #$ContinentOfEurope, #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica, #$ContinentOfSouthAmerica. Former instances of this collection include Pangaea and the two continents it broke up into, Gondwanaland and Laurasia (all of which are instances of #$TrueContinent (q.v.)). SUMO: One of the seven largest land masses on earth, viz. Africa, North America, SouthAmerica, Antarctica, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Note that this naming scheme is the one used in the CIA World Factbook. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'continent' in Wordnet: 1. (5) continent - (one of the large landmasses of the earth; 'there are seven continents'; 'pioneers had to cross the continent on foot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandMass ; owl:disjointWith :Island . :ContinentRegion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The GeographicalRegion defined by a Continent. Note that the Continent is the Object, and the ContinentRegion is the region of space. NOTE that 'Oceania' and 'Eurasia' are included as 'continents', as well as the traditional Australia, Europe, and Asia, because some terminologies use them in that manner.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion . :Continental :pertainsTo :Continent ; :wnsense "continental3adj" ; :wordnet "continental" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Continental'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Continent'' and things characteristic of a Continent. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'continental' in Wordnet: 3. continental - (of or relating to or characteristic of a continent; 'the continental divide'; 'continental drift') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Continents :en "continents" ; :ennp "continents" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The PhysicalObject that is a ''Group'' consisting of one or more of the seven recognized ''Continent''s on the Earth. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Continent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Contingent :en "subject to" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Independent ; :ldoce "dependent" ; :wnsense "contingent on1adj", "contingent2adj", "dependant1adj", "dependent on1adj", "dependent2adj", "depending on1n", "qualified6adj" ; :wordnet "contingent", "contingent on", "dependant", "dependent", "dependent on", "depending on", "qualified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Contingent' includes ;depending on' and 'subject to' as ways to express the notion that some Action will not occur unless some specified condition holds. Mostly for PurposiveActions but possibly applicable to natural Events, as 'the success of the harvest depends on adequate rain'. RHW adj 'subject': 20. being dependent or conditional upon something (usually fol. by to): His consent is subject to your approval. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'contingent' in Wordnet: 2. contingent, contingent on, dependent on, dependant on, depending on - (determined by conditions or circumstances not yet established; \"arms sales contingent on the approval of congress\") WN adj 'dependent': 2. (2) dependent, dependant, qualified - (contingent on something else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Continually :en "continuously" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Continued ; :wnsense "continually1adv" ; :wordnet "continually" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Continually'' is an adverb modifying an Event that continues without interruption, or repeats seemingly without stopping. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'continually' in Wordnet: 1. (22) continually - (seemingly without interruption; 'complained continually that there wasn't enough money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Continuant :BFO "Continuant" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ BFO: 'Continuant' appears to include 'COSMO:Object', which is something that can participate in a ''SituationProcessEventOrState''. However 'color' is an attribute, as is 'mass' so this is a broader concept with no single COSMO equivalent. It is a Union of COSMO concepts: Object, AttributeValue, AttributeType BFO comment: Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO comment: 'Examples: a heart, a person, the color of a tomato, the mass of a cloud, a symphony orchestra, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building' """ ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Region :AttributeValue :AttributeType :Attribute ) ] . :Continuation :ldoce "continue" ; :wnsense "continuation1n", "continue1v", "go on1v", "keep2v", "proceed3v", "proceed5v" ; :wordnet "continuation", "continue", "go on", "keep", "proceed" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Continuation is any Event which directly follows temporally another Event of the same type, so that the combination of the Events is also an Event of that type. This notion is related to the notion notion that a homogeneous Event can be decomposed into temporal parts of the same type, In Cyc such Event types are called 'processes' but that term is used in COSMO only for FunctionalProcesses, which are intimately related to but different from Events. Not quite the same as ''StayingInaState'', which is for PersistentStates.. A ''Continuation'' can be for a ''BecomingEvent''. This is for the general 'continue' - the subtypes ''ContinueTalking'' and ''ContinueMoving'' break out distinguishable specific types. NOTE that if there is an intermission in an Event so that the same Process that defines the Event no longer is active during the intermission, and the original Process has ceased for some perceptable time, a following Event of the same type would be a resumption, not a Continuation. @ToDo: The borderline between these types is not well defined. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'continue' and noun sense 1 of 'continuation' and part of verb sense 3 of 'proceed' in WordNet: 1. (149) continue, go on, proceed, go along, keep - (continue a certain state, condition, or activity; 'Keep on working!'; 'We continued to work into the night'; 'Keep smiling'; 'We went on working until well past midnight') WN noun 'continuation': 1. (2) continuance, continuation - (the act of continuing an activity without interruption) WN verb 'proceed': 3. (8) go, proceed, move - (follow a procedure or take a course; 'We should go farther in this matter'; 'She went through a lot of trouble'; 'go about the world in a certain manner'; 'Messages must go through diplomatic channels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :ContinueMoving :ldoce "continue" ; :wnsense "continue4v", "go forward1v", "proceed2v" ; :wordnet "continue", "go forward", "proceed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ContinueMoving'' is a Continuation of a ''Translocation'' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'continue' in WordNet: 2. (17) proceed, go forward, continue - (move ahead; travel onward in time or space; 'We proceeded towards Washington'; 'She continued in the direction of the hills'; 'We are moving ahead in time now') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SustainingAnActivity, :Translocation . :ContinueTalking :ldoce "continue" ; :wnsense "carry on3v", "continue2v", "go on4v", "proceed1v" ; :wordnet "carry on", "continue", "go on", "proceed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ContinueTalking'' is a Continuation of a ''Speaking'' Event. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'continue' in WordNet: 2. (39) continue, go on, carry on, proceed - (continue talking; 'I know it's hard,' he continued, 'but there is no choice'; 'carry on-pretend we are not in the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Continuation, :Speaking . :Continued :isAnAttributeValueOf :EventType, :PersistentState ; :wnsense "continual1adj", "continual2adj", "continued1adj", "continuous1adj", "uninterrupted2adj" ; :wordnet "continual", "continued", "continuous", "uninterrupted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Events (including repeating events and PersistentStates) that continue or repeat for some interval of time during which they appear not stop. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'continued ' and seses 1 and 2 of 'contiual' and part of sense 2 of 'uninterrupted' (continuous in time but not in space) in WordNet: 1. (12) continued - (without stop or interruption; 'to insure the continued success of the war'; 'the continued existence of nationalism'; 'the continued popularity of Westerns') WN adjective 'uninterrupted': 2. continuous, uninterrupted - (continuing in time or space without interruption; 'a continuous rearrangement of electrons in the solar atoms results in the emission of light'- James Jeans; 'a continuous bout of illness lasting six months'; 'lived in continuous fear'; 'a continuous row of warehouses'; 'a continuous line has no gaps or breaks in it'; 'moving midweek holidays to the nearest Monday or Friday allows uninterrupted work weeks') WN adj 'continual': 1. (4) continual - (seemingly without interruption; chiefly restricted to what recurs regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series; 'the continual banging of the shutters') 2. continual - ('continual' (meaning seemingly uninterrupted) is often used interchangeably with 'continuous' (meaning without interruption)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Steady . :ContinuingInAcceptance :wnsense "hold21v", "prevail2v" ; :wordnet "hold", "prevail" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ContinuingInAcceptance'' is a 'PersistentState'' in which some idea, theory, belief, custom, or other widely shared ''MentalObject'' continues to be considered true by some GroupOfPeople. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prevail' in WordNet: 2. (5) prevail, hold, obtain - (be valid, applicable, or true; \"This theory still holds\") 2. (5) prevail, hold, obtain - (be valid, applicable, or true; 'This theory still holds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :RealExistence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProcessType ] . :Continuity :wnsense "continuity3n", "persistence1n" ; :wordnet "continuity", "persistence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Continuity'' is a state in which the Event in focus has the quality ''Continued''.. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'continuity' in WordNet: 3. continuity, persistence - (the property of a continuous and connected period of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Continued ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent :en "continuous physical contact", "staying in contact" ; :enn "continuous physical contact", "staying in contact" ; :guid "befdb075-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of physical contact events in which two or more objects are in physical contact (see #$touches) throughout the event's entire duration. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation, :PhysicalContactSituation . :ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation :guid "c0d2f9c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalContactSituation each instance of which involves two or more tangible objects touching (see #$touches) continuously throughout the entire duration of the situation. Every #$PhysicalContactSituation has a #$ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation as a (proper or improper) sub-situation (see #$subSituations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalContactSituation . :Continuum :wnsense "continuum1n" ; :wordnet "continuum" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type ''Continuum'' represents a Series of things that can be conceptualized as having elements of any type (Event, TimeInterval, AttributeValue) that are adjacent in the sense of nothing can be present between the adjacent elements. The adjacent identified elements may or may not overlap. There are several subtypes, for each type of thing that forms an element of the series.. RHW 'continuum': 1. a continuous extent, series, or whole. 2. c. any compact, connected set containing at least two elements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'continuum' in WordNet: 1. (2) continuum - (a continuous nonspatial whole or extent or succession in which no part or portion is distinct of distinguishable from adjacent parts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinearOrderingRelation ; owl:onProperty :seriesOrderedBy ] . :ContortingTheBody :en "contorting the body", "contortion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ContortingTheBody'' is a type of ''Deforming'' in which a person twists the body, notably at the waist, to assume positions that cannot be achieved by ordinary people. This is the skill of a ''Contortionist''. NOTE that 'contorting' in WN is present only in the synset ' contort, deform, distort, wring', which appears to be transitive and is represented by ''DeformingSomething''. This is intransitive, so that synset does not apply here. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deforming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contortionist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Contortionist :guid "bedea87d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "contortionist1n" ; :wordnet "contortionist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$StagePerformers that twist their bodies into position hard or impossible to reproduce for people who did not receive a specific training. #$Contortionists often perform in a #$Circus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contortionist' in WordNet: 1. contortionist - (an acrobat able to twist into unusual positions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acrobat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContortingTheBody ; owl:onProperty :isSkilledAt ] . :ContourLine :wnsense "contour line1n", "contour1n" ; :wordnet "contour", "contour line" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contour line' in WordNet: 1. contour, contour line - (a line drawn on a map connecting points of equal height) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Line, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContourMap ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :ContourMap :wnsense "contour map1n", "relief map1n" ; :wordnet "contour map", "relief map" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeographicMap'' having ''ContourLine''s to show the heights (elevations above sea level)) of the regions depicted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contour map' in WordNet: 1. contour map, relief map - (a map having contour lines through points of equal elevation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicMap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContourLine ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :Contraband :wnsense "contraband1n" ; :wordnet "contraband" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Contraband'' is any item of 'Merchandise'' that is illegal to import of sell. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contraband' in WordNet: 1. contraband - (goods whose importation or exportation or possession is prohibited by law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Merchandise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illegal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Contraception :wnsense "contraception1n", "contraceptive method1n" ; :wordnet "contraception", "contraceptive method" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this form of ''BirthCOntrol'' does not include the 'rhythm method' or abortion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contraception' in WordNet: 1. (4) contraception, contraceptive method - (birth control by the use of devices (diaphragm or intrauterine device or condom) or drugs or surgery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirthControl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingPregnant ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Contraceptive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Condom, :ContraceptiveDevice, :ContraceptiveDiaphragm, :ContraceptiveDrug ; :wnsense "antifertility1adj", "contraceptive1adj", "prophylactic1adj" ; :wordnet "antifertility", "contraceptive", "prophylactic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contraceptive' in Wordnet: 1. contraceptive, prophylactic, antifertility - (capable of preventing conception or impregnation; 'contraceptive devices and medications') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preventative . :ContraceptiveDevice :guid "be741548-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "birth control device1n", "contraceptive device1n", "contraceptive1n", "preventative3n", "preventive3n", "prophylactic device1n" ; :wordnet "birth control device", "contraceptive", "contraceptive device", "preventative", "preventive", "prophylactic device" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ContraceptiveDevice'' is a ''Device'' therefore this does not include drugs used for contraception (use ''ContraceptiveDrug''). This includes condoms and 'diaphragms'. CYC: The collection of #$MedicalDevices that are used by instances of #$Person to prevent instances of #$ReproductiveFertilizationEvent. SUMO: Devices which permit sexual intercourse but which reduce the likelihood of conception. Corresponds to part (for devices) of noun sense 1 of 'contraceptive device' in WordNet: 1. (1) contraceptive, preventive, preventative, contraceptive device, prophylactic device, birth control device - (an agent or device intended to prevent conception) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :MedicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingPregnant ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contraception ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ContraceptiveDiaphragm :wnsense "contraceptive diaphragm1n", "diaphragm3n", "pessary1n" ; :wordnet "contraceptive diaphragm", "diaphragm", "pessary" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ContraceptiveDiaphragm'' is a disk-like piee of rubber designed to be worn inside the vagina, blocking access to the uterus and preventing sperm from entering the uterus and fertilizing a woman's ovum. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'diaphragm' in WordNet: 3. diaphragm, pessary, contraceptive diaphragm - (a contraceptive device consisting of a flexible dome-shaped cup made of rubber or plastic; it is filled with spermicide and fitted over the uterine cervix) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContraceptiveDevice, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :WearableItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cervix ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanSexualIntercourse ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemalePerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthControl ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingPregnant ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :ContraceptiveDrug :wnsense "contraceptive1n", "preventative3n" ; :wordnet "contraceptive", "preventative" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ContraceptiveDrug'' is any drugs designed to be used (usually by women, possibly by men) to prevent a woman from ''BecomingPregnant'' as a result of ''HumanSexualIntercourse''. Corresponds to part (for drugs, or devices) of noun sense 1 of 'contraceptive' in WordNet: 1. (4) contraceptive, preventive, preventative, contraceptive device, prophylactic device, birth control device - (an agent or device intended to prevent conception) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contraception ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingPregnant ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Contract :FIBO "contract" ; :guid "bd9bda72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "contract" ; :wnsense "contract1n" ; :wordnet "contract" ; a :GoalType, :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A Contract is a MentalObject which is an Agreement and a SpecificationGroup - specifically, a group of specifications of what each of the agreeing parties promised to do. The contract consists of two contingent promises, and the act of contracting creates obligations on the contracting parties. NOTE that the terms of a contract are the 'ContractElement's and as a Group form a 'ObligationGroup', which is one Group representing all the obligations on all parties, and individual groups representing the obligations of individual parties See also: BindingAgreement hasAssocatedObligations ObligationGroup @ToDo: making a contract st of 'agreeing'? Cyc: A collection of agreements. Each instance of #$Contract is a legal agreement in which two or more #$agreeingAgents promise to do (or not do) something. There are legal consequences to breaking the promises made in a contract. COSMO note: This does not necessarily correspond to the abstract text of a document that contains a record of the contgract. The physical contract document is represented as 'ContractDocument'. corresponds to FIBO 'contract. though FIBO does not have it as a subtype of 'agreement' SKOS def; 'A voluntary, deliberate, and legally binding agreement between two or more competent parties. Contracts are usually written but may be spoken or implied, and generally have to do with employment, sale or lease, or tenancy.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contract' in WordNet: 1. (19) contract - (a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContractElement ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obligation ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ContractCounterparty :FIBO "Contract Counterparty" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ContractCounterparty' is a FIBO subtype of 'PartyInRole' This is intended to align with the FIBO 'Contract Counterparty': SKOS (FIBO) def: 'A counterparty is the other party that participates in a financial transaction. Every transaction must have a counterparty in order for the transaction to go through. More specifically, every buyer of an asset must be paired up with a seller that is willing to sell and vice versa.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartyInRole, :PartyToAnAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPartyToAgreement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Contract ] . :ContractDocument :guid "c0fd6c02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: this is the hardcopy document, not the abstract document. Cyc: A specialization of #$TextualMaterial. Each instance of this collection is a document which outlines the contents of a legally-binding agreement. See also #$LegalDocument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficialDocument . :ContractElement :FIBO "contractual element" ; :ldoce "condition", "provision" ; :wnsense "condition3n", "precondition1n", "provision1n", "proviso1n", "stipulation2n", "term3n" ; :wordnet "condition", "precondition", "provision", "proviso", "stipulation", "term" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ContractElement' is a specialization of 'Proviso', being one of the stipulations in a 'Contract'. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'contractual element', but as a subtype of 'Proviso' it must in some way specify what is to be done as part of a Contract, and this may be narrower than the FIBO concept: FIBO def: 'Anything which relates to contracts.' SKOS editorial note: 'The concept 'contractual element' does not exist in any dictionary I could find. Can we change this to ContractElement? (efk)' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proviso, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Contract ] . :ContractKiller :guid "beac6d4a-bacc-11d6-8000-0002b3a330dc" ; :wnsense "gun for hire1n", "gunman1n", "hired gun1n", "hit man1n", "hitman1n", "shooter5n", "torpedo1n" ; :wordnet "gun for hire", "gunman", "hired gun", "hit man", "hitman", "shooter", "torpedo" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all professional 'hit' persons, often members of some #$OrganizedCrimeOrganization who are regularly employed in instances of #$MurderForHire. NOTE: not all 'hit men' are members of ''TheMob'', but most are. Those who are not can be broken out as a category separate from this one if necessary. Corresponds to part (for professional hitmen) of noun sense 1 of 'hit man' in WordNet: 1. gunman, gunslinger, hired gun, gun, gun for hire, triggerman, hit man, hitman, torpedo, shooter - (a professional killer who uses a gun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contractor, :Criminal, :Gunman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HitJob ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheMob ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :ContractPrincipal :FIBO "Contract Principal" ; :wnsense "principal5n" ; :wordnet "principal" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ContractPrincipal' is a FIBO subtype of 'PartyInRole' This is intended to align with the FIBO 'Contract Principal': No WN sense is close to this - the following is used in a braoder sense that the gloss indicates. Includes but is broader than noun sense 5 of 'principle' in WordNet: 5. principal, dealer - (the major party to a financial transaction at a stock exchange; buys and sells for his own account) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartyInRole, :PartyToAnAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPartyToAgreement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Contract ] . :ContractThirdParty :FIBO "Contract Third Party" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ContractThirdParty' is a FIBO subtype of 'PartyInRole' This is intended to align with the FIBO 'Contract Third Party': """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartyInRole, :PartyToAnAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPartyToAgreement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Contract ] . :ContractWorker a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ContractWorker'' is a ''Contractor'' who is an individual Person. This is an individual who works on a contract basis, not as a regular employee, in short-term jobs, often less than one day duration. (mowing a lawn, painting a house, paving a driveway). For a Company that performs the same work use parent ''Contractor'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contractor, :Worker . :Contracting :reversesTheEffectOf :Expanding ; :wnsense "condense7v", "contract3v", "contract4v", "contract6v", "contract7v", "contract8v", "contract9v", "contraction4n", "narrow1v", "shorten2v" ; :wordnet "condense", "contract", "contraction", "narrow", "shorten" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'DecreaseEvent' in which something decreases in some measure of size (for PhysicalObjects the volume or length); for abstract objects, the decrease could be in scope, or area (e.g. of a GeopoliticalEntity) or (for example) reducing the number of pixels in an AbstractImage - not physical 'size'. Includes transitive and intransitive senses. NOTE that an intentional Action taken to make something smaller is a ''Reduction''. Includes verb senses 3, 4, 6, 7, 8,and 9 of 'contract' in WordNet: 3. (2) compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract, press - (squeeze or press together; 'she compressed her lips'; 'the spasm contracted the muscle') 4. (2) shrink, contract - (become smaller or draw together; 'The fabric shrank'; 'The balloon shrank') 6. contract - (make smaller; 'The heat contracted the woollen garment') 7. condense, concentrate, contract - (compress or concentrate; 'Congress condensed the three-year plan into a six-month plan') 8. narrow, contract - (make or become more narrow or restricted; 'The selection was narrowed'; 'The road narrowed') 9. abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce - (reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; 'The manuscript must be shortened') WN noun 'contraction': 4. contraction - (the act of decreasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expanding ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :ContractingAgents a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Group of ''ContractingAgents'' includes all the IntelligentAgents who agree to and are obligated by a Contract.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentGroup, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :LegalAgent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Contractor :wnsense "contractor1n" ; :wordnet "contractor" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Contractor'' is a ''Worker'' who performs paid work under contract, as contrasted with working for a salary. The two types of work can be performed by the same person in the same tme interval, but not usually simultaneously. This is for anyone working under contract. The WN gloss is for construction contractors (building contractors). @db1421 NOTE that a ''Worker'' is human, but a 'Contractor'' can be an Organization. Therefore ''GenericWorker'' was created to generalize agents who can get paid for work. For individual 'conntractors' use ''ContractWorker' Include but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'contractor' in WordNet: 1. (5) contractor - (someone (a person or firm) who contracts to build things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericWorker, :IntelligentAgent, :ServiceProvider, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :WorkingUnderContract ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasHiredByAgreement ; owl:someValuesFrom :EngagingaWorker ] . :Contractual :pertainsTo :Contract ; :wnsense "contractual1adj" ; :wordnet "contractual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Contractual'' pertains to ''Contract''s and things that appear in or are required by a Contract. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contractual' in Wordnet: 1. (4) contractual - (relating to or part of a binding legal agreement; 'contractual obligations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Contradiction :wnsense "contradiction in terms1n", "contradiction2n" ; :wordnet "contradiction", "contradiction in terms" ; a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Contradiction'' is a ''PropositionGroup'' that is ''LogicallyContradictory''. The subtype ''Paradox'' is often used for linguistic statements that contain two contradictory statements. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'contradiction' in WordNet: 2. (1) contradiction, contradiction in terms - ((logic) a statement that is necessarily false; 'the statement 'he is brave and he is not brave' is a contradiction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PropositionGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LogicallyContradictory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Contrail :guid "c10c365b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "condensation trail1n", "contrail1n" ; :wordnet "condensation trail", "contrail" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The word 'contrail' was coined in 1943 to refer to the CONdensation TRAIL (water vapor) left by a jet or rocket flying at high altitude. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contrail' in WordNet: 1. contrail, condensation trail - (an artificial cloud created by an aircraft; caused either by condensation due to the reduction in air pressure above the wing surface or by water vapor in the engine exhaust) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cloud . :Contrary :wnsense "contrary1adj" ; :wordnet "contrary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Contrary'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that conflict with something desired by another person or mandated by a Rule; or of assertions that contradict another Assertion - the two Assertions each being 'contrary' to each other. The symmetrical relation \"contradicts\" can be applied to 'contrary' assertions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contrary' in Wordnet: 1. (5) contrary - (very opposed in nature or character or purpose; 'acts contrary to our code of ethics'; 'the facts point to a contrary conclusion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opposed . :Contrast :wnsense "contrast1n", "direct contrast1n" ; :wordnet "contrast", "direct contrast" ; a :DifferenceType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Contrast'' is a ''Comparison'' (A ''LinguisticAssertion'') that specifies how two different things are opposed or have opposed attributes. To specify directly that thigs differ in some attribute, an instance of state ''BeingDifferent'' can be used, with the difference being specified there. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contrast' in WordNet: 1. (23) contrast, direct contrast - (the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; 'in contrast to', 'by contrast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeComparison, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContrastingThings ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Contrasting :isAnAttributeValueOf :Group ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BeingContrasting ; :wnsense "contrasting1adj", "contrastive2adj" ; :wordnet "contrasting", "contrastive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Contrasting'' is a subtype of 'Different' characterizing some Group (often a Pair) of entities that are not only different, but have some attribute(s) that differ saliently or strikingly. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'contrasting' in Wordnet: 1. (1) contrasting, contrastive - (strikingly different; tending to contrast; 'contrasting (or contrastive) colors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Different . :ContrastingPatchOfSurface a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A portion of a surface that visibly contrasts in some way with the area around it. This is the physical object comprising that part of the surface. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'patch' and sense 4 of 'spot' (referring to surfaces, not to 3-D regions such as clouds) in WordNet: 1. (7) spot, speckle, dapple, patch, fleck, maculation - (a small contrasting part of something; 'a bald spot'; 'a leopard's spots'; 'a patch of clouds'; 'patches of thin ice'; 'a fleck of red') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfacePortion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ContrastingThings :wnsense "contrast1v" ; :wordnet "contrast" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Contrasting'' is a *transitive* Action in which two or some small number of the elements of some Group are shown to have opposing qualities or attributes.. See also ''BeingContrasting'' - the intransitive state. see also 'contrastsWith'' relation between contrasting things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contrast' in WordNet: 1. (7) contrast - (put in opposition to show or emphasize differences; 'The middle school teacher contrasted her best student's work with that of her weakest student') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distinguishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Contrast ] . :ContributingSomething :wnsense "chip in1v", "contribute2v", "give25v", "kick in2v" ; :wordnet "chip in", "contribute", "give", "kick in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ContributingSomething' is an Action in which an agent gives something valuable, concrete or abstract, to some other agent for the benefit of the other agent and not expecting any ''ValuableThing'' in return (maybe just thanks or recognition). This can be a contribution of personal time, secret or proprietary information, physical labor, money, valuable rights, or property. This includes what people do when they 'volunteer' for a charity. This includes what co-authors do when they 'contribute' some part of a work to be published. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'contribute' in WordNet: 2. (25) contribute, give, chip in, kick in - (contribute to some cause; 'I gave at the office') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingSomethingAbstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :ValuableThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Contributor ] . :Contributor :wnsense "contributor1n", "contributor2n", "subscriber3n" ; :wordnet "contributor", "subscriber" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Contributor'' is an agent that performs some act of .''ContributingSomething'' without direct compensation. (professional authors would not be examples). Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'contributor' in WordNet (these senses can be distinguished as subtypes,but professonal authors are not included): in WordNet: 1. (1) subscriber, contributor - (someone who contributes (or promises to contribute) a sum of money) 2. (1) contributor - (a writer whose work is published in a newspaper or magazine or as part of a book) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :LegalAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ContributingSomething ] . :ControlBar :en "control bar" ; :enn "control bar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ControlBar'' is a small HandSized rigid solid object manipulated by hand to control the movements of a ''Marionette'' suspended from it by a groop of strings. It can be linear or in the shape of a 'cross'. Such objects might be used for other (as yet unidentified) purposes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marionette ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :ControlButton :ldoce "button" ; :wnsense "button2n", "push button1n" ; :wordnet "button", "push button" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ControlButton is a Button on a ''ElectricDevice'' that controls some part of the functionality of that device, and is operated by pushing it. Any kind of controlling butt - the button on a TV remote control or on a touch-tone phone or on any electrical device is a ControlButton, and a whole 'remote control' itself is also a ControlDevice. Any ''ControlButton''s that are mechanical rather than electrical, will have to be represented elsewhere (not done rev1279) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'button' in WordNet: 2. (6) push button, push, button - (an electrical switch operated by pressing; 'the elevator was operated by push buttons'; 'the push beside the bed operated a buzzer at the desk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalSwitch, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PressingWithaFinger ; owl:onProperty :isOperatedByAction ] . :ControlDevice :guid "bd59097b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "control10n", "controller3n" ; :wordnet "control", "controller" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: A ControlDevice can be part of a Device that is part another device. In particular, a ControlDevice can be part of another ControlDevice. This is a very general concept. NOTE in the restriction, a ''ControlDevice'' can control another device (directly) or, indirectly, some AttributeValue of an Object or process. For example,a ''Thermostat' can control a ''HeatingDevice'', and indirectly control temperature. Cyc: #$ControlDevice is a specialization of #$ControlStructure-Physical and #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$ControlDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to control the behavior/functioning/properties of another thing (usually another instance of #$PhysicalDevice). Obvious instances of #$ControlDevice include: the remote control for one's TV (an instance of #$RemoteControlDevice), the brake pedal on one's car (an instance of #$Pedal-ControlDevice), the light switch on one's bedroom wall (an instance of #$ElectricalSwitch); a less obvious instance of #$ControlDevice is #$HooverDam (an instance of #$Dam). Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'controller' in WordNet: 3. control, controller - (a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine; 'the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly'; 'I turned the controls over to her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlStructure-Physical, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Device ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :Device :AttributeValueType :AttributeValue :AttributeTypeType ) ] ] . :ControlLever :en "control lever" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ControlLever'' is a short ''Rod'' fixed to a ''Device'' with one end that can be moved by hand so as to cause some Action by the Device, by transmitting that motion to some internal part of the Device. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlDevice, :Lever, :Rod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :Device ) ] ] . :ControlOverOthers :wnsense "control5n" ; :wordnet "control" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ControlOverOthers'' is some form of ''Restraint'' on the actions of one agent by another agent. This can be performed by any ''IntentionalAgent'' including ''NonHumanAnmal''s and Automatons. @ToDo (Rev1329) relations to ''Authority''' and related types - needs to be added Relations on \"ControllingAnAgent Authority = Role of agent who can control has ControllingAuthority/ performs ''BeingInControl'' ''ControllingAuthority'' (authority to control/ SocialPower) = Capability of ''ControllingAnAgent'' Authority performs = ''BeingInControl'' (state/status of having ''ControllingAuthority'' Authority performs = ControllingAnAgent (''Action'' of exercising control over an agent) Abilty to restrain, ability to ''ControllingAnAgent'' Coresponds to noun sense 5 of 'control' in WordNet: 5. (5) control - (the activity of managing or exerting control over something; 'the control of the mob by the police was admirable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething, :InfluencingAnAgent, :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething . :ControlStructure-Physical :en "control structure" ; :enn "control structure" ; :guid "bd7a2541-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all physical control structures. An instance of #$ControlStructure-Physical is a physical object (#$PartiallyTangible) with the #$behaviorCapable of controling the behavior/functioning/properties of another physical object. Instances of #$ControlDevice include manufactured #$ControlDevices and biological control structures.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject . :Controllable :isAnAttributeValueOf :Device ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :ControllingAPhysicalDevice ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :ControllingAPhysicalDevice ; :wnsense "controllable1adj" ; :wordnet "controllable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type ''Controllable''is for Devices and DeviceTypes. Controllable animals or events would be a different attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'controllable' in Wordnet: 1. controllable, governable - (capable of being controlled) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Controlled :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ControllingSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Uncontrolled ; :wnsense "controlled1adj", "controlled2adj" ; :wordnet "controlled" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Controlled'' is an AttributeValue of an Object or Event that experienced ** and continues to experience** ''CotrollingSomething''. The relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' usually refers to past actions and the result of things that resulted from an Event, but although ''Controlled'' refer to things continuing to experience controlling, it also implies that at least part of the 'ontrolling' was in the past (this does not refer to future actions). So the ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' relation is not completely misleading. NOTE that sense 1 is the sense for a ''ControlledFire''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'controlled' in Wordnet: 1. (6) controlled - (restrained or managed or kept within certain bounds; 'controlled emotions'; 'the controlled release of water from reservoirs') 2. controlled, restricted - (curbed or regulated; 'controlled emotions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ControlledFire :en "controlled fire" ; :enn "controlled fire" ; a :EventType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fire that is deliberately set by an IntelligentAgent and is kept under control by some means. Fires in fireplaces or furnaces or oil burners are examples - the latter, even though automatic, are considered to be controlled by the action of the person who turns on the oil burner. A controlled fire in a forest for fire suppression is also a subtype. NOTE that this is a borderline case of 'PurposefulAction', since the Agent's acting occurs often only at the beginning of the event, especially with automatic cases like oil burners. @ToDo: At some point it may be necessary to distinguish the Action of setting up an Event from the continuation of the Event that requires no further active participation of a 'IntentionalAgent'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PurposefulAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Controlled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ControlledLand :en "controlled land" ; :guid "bd58a21e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntity. Each instance of #$ControlledLand is a geopolitical entity that is at least partially controlled by some other instance of #$GeopoliticalEntity. Furthermore, the instance of #$ControlledLand is not a geopolitical sub-division (see the predicate #$geopoliticalSubdivisions) of the power that controls it. Instances of #$GeopoliticalEntity include #$PuertoRico, #$Bermuda, #$Guadeloupe-TheDependency, #$Tibet. This is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' - a ''GeographicalAgent'', not a PhysicalObject. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea . :ControlledSubstance :wnsense "controlled substance1n" ; :wordnet "controlled substance" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being 'controlled' may be limited in use, or outright illegal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'controlled substance' in WordNet: 1. controlled substance - (a drug or chemical substance whose possession and use are controlled by law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Restricted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Controlling :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ControllingSomething ; :pertainsTo :ControllingSomething ; :wnsense "controlling1adj" ; :wordnet "controlling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Controlling'' is the attribute pertaining to anything that is the agent of a ''ControllingSomething'' (or of its subtypes) action . Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'controlling' in WordNet: 1. controlling - (able to control or determine policy; 'a controlling interest in the firm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ControllingAPhysicalDevice :guid "c0464a44-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subcollection of actions of #$ControllingSomething in which the #$objectControlled is a #$PhysicalDevice.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :Device ) ] ] . :ControllingATransportationDevice :guid "bd588fc1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "drive" ; :wnsense "drive1v" ; :wordnet "drive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events; a subset of #$HandlingADevice. Every instance of #$ControllingATransportationDevice represents some action of an #$Agent-Generic in controlling an object which plays the role of #$transporter (q.v.) in some instance of #$TransportationEvent. The transporter could be an automobile, an airplane, a bicycle, a wheelchair, etc. Instances of #$ControllingATransportationDevice include the individual actions which are involved in controlling the direction and speed of a #$transporter, e.g., such actions as pressing buttons, moving levers, and depressing pedals. Elements of #$ControllingATransportationDevice are not the gross actual movement, trajectory etc. of the transporter, and thus not elements of #$TransportationEvent. Of course a successful #$ControllingATransportationDevice event will generally mean that there was some successful #$TransportationEvent too! I.e., if you successfully control the direction and speed of a car for a while, then presumably there was a transportation event in which that car transported you somewhere. And the various sub-events of the #$ControllingATransportationDevice event can also be considered sub-events of that #$TransportationEvent - in fact, the entire #$ControllingATransportationDevice event can be considered a sub-event of that #$TransportationEvent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drive' in WordNet; the subtype 'DrivingaRoadVehicle' is included here: in WordNet: 1. (56) drive - (operate or control a vehicle; 'drive a car or bus'; 'Can you drive this four-wheel truck?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectingTheCourse, :HandlingADevice . :ControllingAnAgent :en "exercise control", "exercising control" ; :wnsense "control1v", "dominate2v", "dominate3v", "domination1n" ; :wordnet "control", "dominate", "domination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Actions in which one ''Authority'' (an ''IntelligentAgent'') controls the actions of another Agent(s), by any means, including threats or by right of supervisory position, or making rules. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'control' and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'dominate' in WordNet: 1. (28) control, command - (exercise authoritative control or power over; 'control the budget'; 'Command the military forces') WN verb 'dominate': 2. (6) dominate - (be in control; 'Her husband completely dominates her') 3. (6) dominate, master - (have dominance or the power to defeat over; 'Her pain completely mastered her'; 'The methods can master the problems') WN noun 'domination': 1. (6) domination - (social control by dominating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlOverOthers, :DominatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Authority ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :ControllingAuthority :isAbilityToPerformActionType :ControllingAnAgent ; :isaCapabilityOf :Authority ; :wnsense "authority1n", "dominance4n", "potency4n" ; :wordnet "authority", "dominance", "potency" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attributeValue ''ControllingAuthority'' is the ability possessed by an ''Authority'', an agent who performs ''BeingInControl'' and who can perform ''ControllingAnAgent'' in some situations. Relations on ControllingAnAgent Authority = Role of agent who can control has ControllingAuthority/ performs ''BeingInControl'' ''ControllingAuthority'' (authority to control/ SocialPower) = Capability of ''ControllingAnAgent'' Authority performs = ''BeingInControl'' (state/status of having ''ControllingAuthority'' Authority performs = ControllingAnAgent (''Action'' of exercising control over an agent) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'authority' in WordNet: 1. (18) authority, authorization, authorisation, potency, dominance, say-so - (the power or right to give orders or make decisions; 'he has the authority to issue warrants'; 'deputies are given authorization to make arrests'; 'a place of potency in the state') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Powerful, :SocialPower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authority ; owl:onProperty :isaCapabilityOf ] . :ControllingInterest :wnsense "controlling interest1n" ; :wordnet "controlling interest" ; a :AssetType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ControllingInterest'' is a ''FinancialInterest'' in some ''CommercialOrganization'' sufficient to control the activities of that company. This is commonly a majority of shares of joint stock companies, but some issues of stock do not provide simple majority control of the company. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'controlling interest' in WordNet: 1. controlling interest - (ownership of more than 50% of a corporation's voting shares) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialInterest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Buyout ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :ControllingSomething :guid "bd588c1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "control" ; :wnsense "control1v", "control2n", "control3v" ; :wordnet "control" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ControllingSomething is the broadest sense of 'cpontrol', used when none of the subtypes seems approprate. This includes controlling in the sense of managing or directing the actions of other agents (see the subtype ''Guiding''), and 'controlling' actions of inanimate objects,whether by a person (operating a device) or by some natural process (one biochemcal controlling the functioning of a cell or other biochemical system). This type references the Cyc, but has a broader meaning. In Cyc the subtypes are mostly for controlling inanimate objects. It appears to be closely similar to the SUMO : Guiding': SUMO: 'Guiding' (subtype of IntentionalProcess) Any IntentionalProcess where the agent tries to direct the behavior of another Object, whether an Agent or not. Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction (q.v.). Each instance of #$ControllingSomething is a purposeful physical action in which an agent intentionally controls an object (i.e. instance of #$SomethingExisting). It is not necessary that the agent touch the object being controlled (see #$objectControlled), only that s/he exercise control over some of its movements, functioning, or actions. Specializations of #$ControllingSomething include #$GuidingAMovingObject (some instances of which involve a #$RemoteControlDevice), #$HandlingAnObject, #$Braking, #$SteeringADeviceByHand, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, #$CuttingFabric, #$CarryingWhileLocomoting, and #$FlushingAToilet. When a #$ControlDevice (q.v.) is being used by an agent for its primary function, a #$ControllingSomething event is typically taking place. Includes verb senses 1, and 3 and non sense 2 of 'control' in WordNet: 1. (28) control, command - (exercise authoritative control or power over; 'control the budget'; 'Command the military forces') 3. (7) operate, control - (handle and cause to function; 'do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol'; 'control the lever') WN noun 'control': 2. (17) control - (a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another; 'measures for the control of disease'; 'they instituted controls over drinking on campus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :ControllingTiming :wnsense "timing2n" ; :wordnet "timing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ControllingTiming'' is the act or series of acts by which an Agent determines the TimePoint, or rate, or frequency at which some Event or series of Events occur. Thi will normally be performed acording to some Plan,and could be an Execution of a Plan,but it could also occur on the spur of the moment (played by ear) so is not necessarily such an Execution Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'timing' in WordNet: 2. timing - (the regulation of occurrence, pace, or coordination to achieve a desired effect (as in music, theater, athletics, mechanics)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething . :ControllingaCorporation :en "controlling a corporation" ; :enn "controlling a corporation" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ControllingaCorporation'' is a ''ControllingAnAgent'' by some Person or GroupOfPeople who own a ''ControllingInterest' in that Corporation. The control may be exercised through a Board Of Directors. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAnAgent, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :AgentType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialOrganization ; owl:onProperty :controls ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buyout ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :Controversial :hasLowerLimit "0.0"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "0.5"^^xsd:float ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion ; :wnsense "controversial1adj" ; :wordnet "controversial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Controversial'' is a level of credibility that is ''Debatable' and applies to some assertion that can or does cause controversy. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'controversial' in WordNet: 1. (1) controversial - (marked by or capable of arousing controversy; 'the issue of the death penalty is highly controversial'; 'Rushdie's controversial book'; 'a controversial decision on affirmative action') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Debatable, :TruthValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :Contumely :wnsense "abuse2n", "contumely1n", "insult1n" ; :wordnet "abuse", "contumely", "insult" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contumely' in WordNet: 1. abuse, insult, revilement, contumely, vilification - (a rude expression intended to offend or hurt; 'when a student made a stupid mistake he spared them no abuse'; 'they yelled insults at the visiting team') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisrespectfulComment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VerballyAbusingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Convenience :takesValue :Convenient, :Inconvenient ; :wnsense "convenience2n" ; :wordnet "convenience" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Convenience'' is a Quality that takes qualitative attributes as values, in particular 'Convenient' or 'Inconvenient'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'convenience' in WordNet: 2. (1) convenience - (the quality of being useful and convenient; 'they offered the convenience of an installment plan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :ConvenienceState :wnsense "convenience1n" ; :wordnet "convenience" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConvenienceState'' is a PersistentState in which doing the things one wants to do is relatively easier than the more common state. A state in which something - of any type - or some combination of things makes it easier for a ''IntentionalAgent'' to do something desired. Having things one wants to use being conveniently close is one example. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convenience' in WordNet: 1. (5) convenience - (the state of being suitable or opportune; 'chairs arranged for his own convenience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingSuitable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convenient ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Convenient :en "within reach" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ConvenienceState ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inconvenient ; :ldoce "convenient" ; :wnsense "at hand1adj", "close at hand1adj", "convenient1adj", "convenient2adj", "handy1adj", "ready to hand1adj" ; :wordnet "at hand", "close at hand", "convenient", "handy", "ready to hand" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes three subsenses: Appropriate to the occasion because it is either (1) easy to do (actions) - use EasyToDo or (2) or easy to use (objects or places). Something may be easy to use simply because it is nearby : e,g, 'a convenient grocery store'; (3) nearby is a subsense of (2). (same as 'a conveniently located grocery store'). See also the somewhat related 'Practical': some things may be Practical because they use Convenient resources - but @ToDo the relation between 'Practical' and 'convenient' has not been formalized as of rev817. NOTE: ''Convenience'' is a supertype of ''BeingSuitable'' but ''Suitable'' is a supertype of ''Convenient''. This is due to the definition of ''BeingSuitable'' - the labels may need reconsideration. There are two senses of 'convenient' in RHW: 1. suitable or agreeable to the needs or purpose; well-suited with respect to facility or ease in use; favorable, easy, or comfortable for use. 2. at hand; easily accessible: Their house is convenient to all transportation. There are two non-archaic senses of 'convenient' in WordNet: 1. (18) convenient - (suited to your comfort or purpose or needs; 'a convenient excuse for not going') 2. (3) convenient, handy, ready to hand - (easy to reach; 'found a handy spot for the can opener') 3. commodious, convenient - (large and roomy ('convenient' is archaic in this sense); 'a commodious harbor'; 'a commodious building suitable for conventions') WN adj 'at hand': 1. (5) at hand, close at hand - (close in space; within reach; 'the town is close at hand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suitable . :Conveniently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Convenient ; :wnsense "conveniently1adv", "handily1adv" ; :wordnet "conveniently", "handily" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conveniently'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an attribute relating to an Action and asserts that performing that Action is ''Convenient'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'conveniently' in Wordnet: 1. (5) handily, conveniently - (in a convenient manner; \"the switch was conveniently located\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Convening :wnsense "convene1v", "convening1n", "convention5n" ; :wordnet "convene", "convening", "convention" ; a :ActionType, :IntransitiveEventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Convening'' is a 'GatheringTogether' resulting from a ''ConveningaGroup'', a call from some 'convener' to atend a ''Convention'', a formal type of''Meeting'' with people from multiple locations. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'convene' (for large gatherings) in WordNet: 1. (2) convene - (meet formally; 'The council convened last week') WN 'convening': 5. convention, convening - (the act of convening) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GatheringTogether, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConveningaGroup ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convention ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :ConveningaGroup :eng "convening" ; :wnsense "convene2v", "convoke1v" ; :wordnet "convene", "convoke" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConveningaGroup'' is a ''SummoningSomeone'' in which the audience of the communication is a ''GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople''. A successful ''ConveningaGroup'' will cause a ''Convening'' of some Group, who together perform a ''Convention'' , a formal type of''meeting'' with people from multiple locations. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'convene' in WordNet: 2. convoke, convene - (call together; 'The students were convened in the auditorium') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SummoningSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convening ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Convent-Residence :guid "10d1d434-24db-41d7-9506-ea8ea93afb2f" ; :wnsense "convent1n" ; :wordnet "convent" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A building where nuns live. NOTE: at one time this could also refer to a place where monks live. But not recently. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convent' in WordNet: 1. (1) convent - (a religious residence especially for nuns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousBuilding, :Residence . :Convention :wnsense "convention1n" ; :wordnet "convention" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Convention'' is a large ''Conference'' bringing together people from widely dispersed locations. It can be ''Regional'', ''National'' or ''International''. This type of conference is preceded and caused by ''Convening'' (the people coming together from different locations) which in turn is caused by ''ConveningaGroup'' (sending out notices of the planned ''Convention''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convention' in WordNet: 1. (4) convention - (a large formal assembly; 'political convention') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Regional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convening ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Conventional :isTheOppositeOf :Unusual ; :ldoce "regular", "usual" ; :wnsense "conforming1adj", "conventiona2adj", "conventiona6adj", "conventionaladj", "normal1adj", "regular12adj", "regular1adj", "regular3adj", "regular6adj", "usual1adj" ; :wordnet "conforming", "conventional", "normal", "regular", "usual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Conventional' is an attribute value of Actions that occur according to some predetermined or customary manner. This AttributeValue includes part of the meaning of words such as 'normal', 'typical', 'traditional', and 'regular', but does not include the notion of recurrance at fixed time intervals - for that concept, use 'Regular' or a subtype of 'Regular'. For objects that are 'regular' in the sense of having a structure of conventional or standardized form, use 'Standardized'. This is the opposite of 'Unusual' @ToDo: NOTE: 'Conventional' may be assigned to some activity to express the notion that it occurs at some fixed time of day, or day of the month; such an activity may also be 'RegularlyScheduled', and will then have both attributes: 'Conventional' and 'RegularlyScheduled'. The distinction is that some activity may be 'RegularlyScheduled' in the sense of occuring every week, but may not be held on the same day of every week or at the same time of day; conversely, an activity may be typically held at a perticular time of day, but may not occur at fixed time intervals. More specific subtypes of 'Conventional' may be needed to express such nuances. Thus 'regular bedtime' and 'usual bedtime' and 'normal bedtime' all have the attribute 'Conventional'. For activities that occur at a particular time (of day, day of the week) and also recur at fixed time intervals, use 'OccurringAtaFixedTime'. This attribute value includes the parts referring to manner of performing actions and not referring to time recurrance of senses 1, 3, 6 and 12 of 'regular', sense 1 of 'conforming', part of sense 1 of 'normal' and part of sense 1 of 'usual' and adjective senses 1, 2, and 6 of 'conventional' in WordNet; note that sense 6 of 'regular' may be interpreted as either 'occurring at fixed time intervals' or 'being performed in a fixed manner'; this type represents only the latter interpretation, which includes being performed at a fixed time of day. in WordNet: 1. (17) regular - (in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle; 'his regular calls on his customers'; 'regular meals'; 'regular duties') 3. (8) regular - (conforming to a standard or pattern; 'following the regular procedure of the legislature'; 'a regular electrical outlet') 6. (2) regular - (in accord with regular practice or procedure; 'took his regular morning walk'; 'her regular bedtime') 12. regular - (not deviating from what is normal; 'her regular bedtime') WN adj 'conforming' 1. conforming, conformist - (adhering to established customs or doctrines (especially in religion)) WN adj 'normal': 1. (82) normal - (conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm; not abnormal; 'serve wine at normal room temperature'; 'normal diplomatic relations'; 'normal working hours'; 'normal word order'; 'normal curiosity'; 'the normal course of events') WN 'usual': 1. (29) usual - (occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure; 'grew the usual vegetables'; 'the usual summer heat'; 'came at the usual time'; 'the child's usual bedtime') WN adj 'conventional': 1. (12) conventional - (following accepted customs and proprieties; 'conventional wisdom'; 'she had strayed from the path of conventional behavior'; 'conventional forms of address') 2. (2) conventional, established - (conforming with accepted standards; 'a conventional view of the world') 6. (1) conventional - (in accord with or being a tradition or practice accepted from the past; 'a conventional church wedding with the bride in traditional white'; 'the conventional handshake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Converging :en "come together", "coming together" ; :eng "converging" ; :wnsense "converge1v", "convergence1n", "meet3v" ; :wordnet "converge", "convergence", "meet" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Converging' is an Event (including a PersistentState) in which two or more Objects (Physical or abstract) either move so as to arrive at the same point or are (for long and thin Objects) are aligned in a way that some part of each object is located at the same place. This is a broad use of 'converge' to cover several more specific meanings. For alignment of ''LongAndThinThing''s (lines, roads, construction beams) use subtype ''Intersecting''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'converge' in WordNet: 1. (1) converge, meet - (be adjacent or come together; 'The lines converge at this point') WN noun 'convergence': 1. convergence - (the occurrence of two or more things coming together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :Conversation :ldoce "conversation", "talk" ; :wnsense "conversation1n", "converse1v", "discourse2v", "talk1n", "talking1n" ; :wordnet "conversation", "converse", "discourse", "talk", "talking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Generic 'Conversation' is a Communication between two or more IntelligentAgents that occurs with little time lag between sending and receipt of each unit Communication, and the expectation that each unit Communication from one Agent will receive a response after a brief interval from one of the other parties to the conversation. In COSMO, unlike in Cyc, this general concept is not necessarily performed via speech acts, but can be accomplished by sign language, by writing on paper in the presence of another, by texting,over modern cell phones, by instant messaging, or by rapid exchange of emails among two or more parties who are all on-line at the same time, or by any other means of rapid, real-time communication. For purely oral conversation, use 'OralConversation'. Cyc: Every #$Conversation includes at least two #$CommunicationAct-Single as #$subEvents, with the #$senderOfInfo in one being the #$recipientOfInfo in the other. Includes nouns sense 1 of 'conversation' and noun sense 1 of 'talk' and verb sense 1 of 'converse' in WordNet: 1. (20) conversation - (the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.) WN 'talk': 1. (12) talk, talking - (an exchange of ideas via conversation; 'let's have more work and less talk around here') WN verb 'converse' 1. (5) converse, discourse - (carry on a conversation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Interaction, :LinguisticCommunication, :MultiDirectionalCommunication, :UsingALanguage . :Conversely :wnsense "conversely1adv" ; :wordnet "conversely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Conversely'' is an AdverbialModifier that indicates that two elements in the focus of the discussion are, in the following phrase, in opposite order to what they were in the preceding phrase in focus. This is used in various ways - hard to pin down logically at this point Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'conversely' in WordNet: 1. (6) conversely - (with the terms of the relation reversed; 'conversely, not all women are mothers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Converted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother ; :wnsense "exchanged1adj" ; :wordnet "exchanged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exchanged' in Wordnet: 1. exchanged - (changed for (replaced by) something different) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Convertible :wnsense "convertible2adj" ; :wordnet "convertible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Convertible'' is the attribute of Objects that can be *reversibly* converted (changed) from one shape or configuration to another. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'convertible' in Wordnet: 2. convertible - (designed to be changed from one use or form to another; 'a convertible sofa'; 'a convertible coupe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ConvertibleCar :en "convertible car" ; :wnsense "convertible1n" ; :wordnet "convertible" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Needs more detail - about the top. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convertible' in WordNet: 1. (2) convertible - (a car that has top that can be folded or removed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automobile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convertible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ConvertibleSecurity :wnsense "convertible security1n", "convertible2n" ; :wordnet "convertible", "convertible security" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The conversion of these securities may not be reversible. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convertible security' in WordNet: 1. convertible, convertible security - (a corporate security (usually bonds or preferred stock) that can be exchanged for another form of security (usually common stock)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialSecurity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Exchangeable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound :en "changing electricity to sound" ; a :CapabilityType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound'' is a ''ConvertingEnergyForms'' in which some ''Electricity'' is converted into some other form.''Sound'' The 'input' form of energy is pointed to by the relation: ''hadObjectModified'' The 'output' form of energy is pointed to by the relation: ''produced''. \"WindEnergy\" \"energy\" This includes the action of controlling the transduction as well as the transduction process itself. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transduce' in WordNet: 1. transduce - (cause transduction (of energy forms)) WN noun 'transduction': 2. transduction - (the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form; 'the transduction of acoustic waves into voltages by a microphone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvertingEnergyForms, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoundEnergy ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ConvertingEnergyForms :wnsense "transduce1v", "transduction2n" ; :wordnet "transduce", "transduction" ; a :CapabilityType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConvertingEnergyForms'' is an Event in which some form of ''Energy'' (light, sound, heat, mechanical, potential, kinetic) is converted into some other form. Related: produces produced typicallyProduces naturallyProduces isDesignedToProduce isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce \" hadObjectModified \" \"produced\" The 'input' form of energy is pointed to by the relation: ''hadObjectModified'' The 'output' form of energy is pointed to by the relation: ''produced''. \"WindEnergy\" This includes the action of controlling the transduction as well as the transduction process itself. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transduce' in WordNet: 1. transduce - (cause transduction (of energy forms)) WN noun 'transduction': 2. transduction - (the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form; 'the transduction of acoustic waves into voltages by a microphone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnergyConversionProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :EnergyType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :EnergyType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Transducer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity :en "changing light to electricity", "converting light to electricity" ; a :CapabilityType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity'' is a ''ConvertingEnergyForms'' in which some ''LightEnergy'' (contained in ''Light'') is converted to ''Electricity''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transduce' in WordNet: 1. transduce - (cause transduction (of energy forms)) WN noun 'transduction': 2. transduction - (the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form; 'the transduction of acoustic waves into voltages by a microphone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvertingEnergyForms, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightEnergy ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ConvertingMechanicalEnergyToElectricity :en "changing mechanical energy to electricity", "converting mechanical energy to electricity" ; :enn "changing mechanical energy to electricity", "converting mechanical energy to electricity" ; a :CapabilityType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConvertingLightMechanicalToElectricity'' is a ''ConvertingEnergyForms'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvertingEnergyForms, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MechanicalEnergy ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother :wnsense "change6v", "commute5v", "convert4v", "exchange2v" ; :wordnet "change", "commute", "convert", "exchange" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother''is the Action of exchanging one thing for another of the same general category, but of a different immediate parent type - e.g. one type of currency into another. This is for ''Exchange''s that replace one object with another of equivalent value or function, but not including people. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'convert' in WordNet: 4. (3) change, exchange, commute, convert - (exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category; 'Could you convert my dollars into pounds?'; 'He changed his name'; 'convert centimeters into inches'; 'convert holdings into shares') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exchange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Converted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :ConvertingUnits :wnsense "conversion2n" ; :wordnet "conversion" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConvertingUnits'' is the act ''DoingAnArithmeticOperation'' in which one an instance of ''PhysicalQuantity'' having a 'Quantifier' and a ''UnitOfMeasure'' is transformed by operations using a conversion constant between compatible units from one unit into an equivalent ''PhysicalQuantity'' expressed using a different '''UnitofMeasure''. e.g. conversion of feet to meters, degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Centigrade. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'conversion' in WordNet: 2. (5) conversion - (a change in the units or form of an expression: 'conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingAnArithmeticOperation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalQuantity ] . :Convex :guid "5b6cb4b4-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "convex1adj" ; :wordnet "convex" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of planar or three-dimensional Objects,abstract or physical that are outward curving at all points on the outer surface. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'convex' in Wordnet: 1. (1) convex, bulging - (curving or bulging outward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Round . :ConvexHull a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ConvexHull is a line or surface that is convex in the mathematical sense, and contains within it the object of which it is a ConvexHull. This is used to allow representation of concepts such as 'holes' in PhysicalObjects. A 'hole' or cavity or concavity is a region of space where part of an object **would be**, if the surface of the object were convex. In Cyc this is represented by a function. \"Convex hull In mathematics, the convex hull or convex envelope of a set X of points in the Euclidean plane or Euclidean space is the smallest convex set that contains X. For instance, when X is a bounded subset of the plane, the convex hull may be visualized as the shape enclosed by a rubber band stretched around X.\" NOTE: for a three-dimensional region, it may be visualized as the surface formed by stretching a sheet of rubber around the points The usage in COSMO is to represent the surface of a physical region that is the ConvexHull for some PhysicalObject. In this usage, it can function as a 'Location' in which some PhysicalObject is located. Therefore the 'PhysicalObject' of which this is the 'ConvexHull' must be specified. Wikipedia (see Wikipedia article for more detail http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex_hull). In mathematics, the convex hull or convex envelope for a set of points X in a real vector space V is the minimal convex set containing X. In computational geometry, it is common to use the term 'convex hull' for the boundary of the minimal convex set containing a given non-empty finite set of points in the plane. Unless the points are collinear, the convex hull in this sense is a simple closed polygonal chain. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricFigure, :Surface-Intangible, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalSpaceRegion ; owl:onProperty :surroundsCompletely ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :surroundsCompletely ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :ConvexHullVolume :en "convex hull volume" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ConvexHull ; :takesValue :VolumeMeasure ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''ConvexHullVolume'' is the ''Volume'' that is contained within some ''ConvexHull that completely surrounds a PhysicalObject or ObjectGroup. NOTE: this technical concept is used in CYC. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Volume . :ConvexObject :en "convex object" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is an Object or part of an Object """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, :Surface-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convex ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ConvexTangibleObject :guid "c0b9215a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this CYC category is used in COSMO to represent PhysicalOjects that have a characteristic Convex shape. NOTE that every PhysicalObject is three-dimensional (although for subatomic things it is fuzzy with probabilistic edges), but this is used to collect objects that can be characterized as to shape. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalObject. Each instance of #$ConvexTangibleObject is a tangible object that is convex; i.e., that has no significant concave surfaces, cavities or crevices (where the size of allowable minor concavities may depend on the context). Each instance of #$ConvexTangibleObject occupies about the same space as its convex hull - see #$ConvexHullFn and #$ConvexHullSpaceFn. A solid physical sphere or cube is an instance of #$ConvexTangibleObject, but a cup or doughnut cannot be. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convex ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Convexity :wnsense "convexity2n" ; :wordnet "convexity" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Convexity'' is a surface Feature considered as a part of an Object, part of a relatively flat surface ('flat' depending on scale or grain size), which is a relatively shallow buge outward from the average plane of the surface. WN calls a 'convexity' a 'sape' but here it is a PhysicalObject Approximately corresponds to noun sense2 of 'convexity' in Wordnet: 2. convex shape, convexity - (a shape that curves or bulges outward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvexObject, :PhysicalFeature, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Conveyance :wnsense "conveyance3n" ; :wordnet "conveyance" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GenericConveyance'' is an ArtifactObject that has a primary design purpose to enable moving objects or substances other than itself in a controlled fashion between two locations. This is a very general category, which includes conveyor belts and other stationary conveyances and conduits, as well as the usual vehicles, airplanes, and watercraft. It does not include animals used for riding or for pulling wagons, though the wagons pulled by animals would be classified in this category. Not all Conveyances are Devices. For example, skis or roller skates are borderline Conveyances, but are not Devices. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conveyance' in Wordnet: 3. conveyance, transport - (something that serves as a means of transportation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject . :Conveyance-Stationary :en "stationary conveyance" ; :enn "stationary conveyance" ; :guid "c15289fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: includes a 'SkiLift', as well as other rotating band devices such as the moving clothes rack at a laundry. NOTE: this includes pipelines and chimneys, so it does not necessarily 'support' objects in the same manner as a vehicle. CYC: The subcollection of #$Conveyance that contains objects that are intended for moving partially tangible things while remaining stationary. Positive examples are conveyor belts or guns. A borderline case is a #$River that is used to transport logs; that river is a #$Conveyance-Stationary because the river as a whole does not change its location (only parts of it; the water). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveyance . :Conveying-Generic a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion and #$Translation-SingleTrajectory. In each instance of #$Conveying-Generic, some object (see #$conveyor-Generic) enables or facilitates the conveyance of another object, or objects, or stuff (see #$transportees). The conveyor itself might or might not also be undergoing translational motion (see #$objectTranslating) during the event. See also the various specializations of #$Conveying-Generic. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion . :Conveying-Stationary :guid "bfdc4259-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carry3v", "channel1v", "conduct4v", "convey5v", "transmit2v" ; :wordnet "carry", "channel", "conduct", "convey", "transmit" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. An instance of #$Conveying-Stationary is an event in which one object (in the role of #$conveyor-Stationary) aids in the translational movement of one or more other objects (having the role(s) of #$transportees). Note that by definition the #$conveyor-Stationary does not move along with the #$transportees. This is broad, and includes conveying fluids (throgh a pipe or channel) or conveying solid objects along a 'conveyor belt'. See the subtypes for more distinctions. Includes but is not restricted to verb sense 5 of 'convey' in WordNet: 5. conduct, transmit, convey, carry, channel - (transmit or serve as the medium for transmission; 'Sound carries well over water'; 'The airwaves carry the sound'; 'Many metals conduct heat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveying-Generic . :ConveyingInformation :wnsense "inform1v" ; :wordnet "inform" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ConveyingInformation' is a very general type of Event in which information is conveyed by some ''InformationBearingThing'' to an IntelligentAgent. The conveyng can occur by an act of ''Observing'' (via light waves or other senses) with the Observer as the 'EndingPlace', or by people (e.g. a ''Messenger'') or devices that move information from a source to a destination. This is the most general sense of conveying information. The restriction requires that the information conveyed (''InformationBearingThing'') be specified: the information could be the actual propositional content, or an InformationBearingObject. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'inform' in WordNet: 1. (46) inform - (impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to; 'I informed him of his rights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InformationBearingThing :IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :ConveyingMaterials :guid "bd588c64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "transport1v" ; :wordnet "transport" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: Moving some kind of material from one point to another, where the goal is to transport the goods. Different from just mixing stuff or putting stuff with other stuff. (move something or somebody around; usually over long distance COSMO note: this category will be used very generally to include pushing materials around, such as excavating with a bulldozer. So a TransportationDevice is not needed, but could be used - hauling away would be an instance of the more specific 'TransportationEvent'. This is also used for Events in which substances are conveyed from one point to another, as in ingestion or injection of drugs into a body. Cyc: We remain agnostic as to whether in instances of this collection the #$conveyor-Generic remains stationary (transport through a #$Pipeline) or moves along with the #$transportees (transport in a #$Truck) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transport' in WordNet: 1. (4) transport - (move something or somebody around; usually over long distances) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedTranslation, :HumanActivity, :MaterialHandling, :TransportationEvent . :ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople :wnsense "communicate3v", "convey3v", "transmit1v" ; :wordnet "communicate", "convey", "transmit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConveyingSomething'' is an Action of one Person transferring something physical or abstract to another Person. The thing transferred can be of any type, so it is specified as some instance of 'Thing' This is for a person-to-person transfer Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'convey' in WordNet: 3. convey, transmit, communicate - (transfer to another; 'communicate a disease') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransferringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :ConveyingWaterByPipes :en "conveying water", "piping water", "transporting water" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConveyingWaterByPipes'' is a ''ConveyingaLiquid'' in which the Liquid is Water, and the 'conveying' is enabled by some ''Pipe'', simple or """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConveyingaLiquid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pipe ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :ConveyingaFluid a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which some Fluid substance is moved from one location to another by some DDevice that itself does not move,like a pipeline (for gas or liquid) or a plumbing system. This is a subtype of 'putting into' on the assumption that most such Actions would have some reservoir of fluid (perhaps the atmosphere or ocean?) that is the beginning point of the transfer, but the end point can be spread out such as a field that is watered bu a spraying device.. This type of transfer does not have to be a ''FluidFlowEvent'', as the transfer can be stepwise, as in ladling soup into a bowl. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveying-Stationary, :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FluidObject :SubstanceType :FluidType ) ] ] . :ConveyingaLiquid a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which some Liquid substance is moved from one location to another. This type of transfer does not have to be a ''FluidFlowEvent'', as the transfer can be stepwise, as in ladling soup into a bowl. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConveyingaFluid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObject :LiquidSubstance :LiquidSubstanceType :LiquidObjectType ) ] ] . :ConveyorBelt :guid "c10ae690-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "conveyer belt1n", "conveyer2n", "conveyor belt1n", "conveyor2n", "transporter3n" ; :wordnet "conveyer", "conveyer belt", "conveyor", "conveyor belt", "transporter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConveyorBelt'' is a ''Belt-Mechanical'' (a closed loop of flexible but sturdy material) used to transport objects (oten people) from one location to another while the belt moves in a loop between fixed points but as a whole remans in its same location. The transported objects are held to the belt by gravitational force after they are placed on it and until they are taken off it. The ''ConveyorBelt'' is commonly horizontal, but may be sloped to carry objects from one level to another, indoors or outdoors, as is an escalator or a .loading belt used in industry to carry loads of materials from ground level to a container at a higher level. The transported inanimate objects are typically placed on or removed from the belt by people or automatons, but when the transported object is a Person that Person typically gets on and off by ambulation. CYC: a device with one or more flat moving belts upon which items can be placed, to move them to a place along the belt. Often the production area of a manufacturing company will have conveyor belts to move the product around as it is being assembled, packaged, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conveyor belt' in WordNet: 1. conveyer belt, conveyor belt, conveyer, conveyor, transporter - (a moving belt that transports objects (as in a factory)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belt-Mechanical, :ClosedLoopObject, :Conveyance-Stationary, :ManufacturedGoods, :MechanicalDevice, :Path-Simple, :PoweredDevice . :Convict :wnsense "con2n", "convict1n", "inmate3n", "jail bird1n", "jailbird1n" ; :wordnet "con", "convict", "inmate", "jail bird", "jailbird" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConvictedCriminal'' who is still in prison. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convict' in WordNet: 1. (1) convict, con, inmate, jail bird, jailbird, gaolbird, yard bird, yardbird - (a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvictedCriminal, :Criminal, :Inmate, :Prisoner . :Convicted :isAnAttributeValueOf :ConvictedCriminal ; :wnsense "condemned1adj", "convicted1adj" ; :wordnet "condemned", "convicted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who has been convicted of a crime; For the subtype of Convicts who are still in prison use ''Convict'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'convicted' in WordNet: 1. (1) condemned, convicted - (pronounced or proved guilty; 'the condemned man faced the firing squad with dignity'; 'a convicted criminal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ConvictedCriminal :wnsense "convict2n" ; :wordnet "convict" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who has been convicted of a crime; For the subtype of Convicts who are still in prison use ''Convict'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'convict' in WordNet: 2. convict - (a person who has been convicted of a criminal offence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convict, :Criminal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convicted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Conviction :ldoce "confidence" ; :wnsense "confidence2n", "conviction1n" ; :wordnet "confidence", "conviction" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Conviction' is a strong feeling, stronger than an average belief, that something is true. The subject of a Feeling of Conviction is a Belief. This sense has some overlap with WordNet sense 2 of 'confidence': 2. (6) confidence - (a feeling of trust (in someone or something); 'I have confidence in our team'; 'confidence is always borrowed, never owned') and contains part of WN sense 1 of 'conviction', but is not 'unshakable', merely a strong sense that something is true: in WordNet: 1. (19) conviction, strong belief, article of faith - (an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Belief ] . :ConvictionJudgment :ldoce "decision" ; :wnsense "condemnation5n", "conviction2n", "judgment of conviction1n" ; :wordnet "condemnation", "conviction", "judgment of conviction" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConvictionJudgment'' is the ''LegalOpinion'' issue after a ''CriminalTrial'' when the defendant is deemed 'guilty' of the charge. The subject of this becomes a ''Convict'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'conviction' in WordNet: 2. (3) conviction, judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence - ((criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed; 'the conviction came as no surprise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalOpinion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :CriminalCaseDecision ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :AccusedCriminal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConvictedCriminal ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :Convinced :en "persuaded" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Believing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Convincing-CommunicationAct ; :wnsense "certain2adj", "confident2adj", "convinced2adj", "positive11adj" ; :wordnet "certain", "confident", "convinced", "positive" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Convinced'' is the attribute of someone who has become convinced of and therefore believes something, often (not necessarily) as a result of experiencing a ''Convincing-CommunicationAct'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'convinced' and sense 2 of 'certain' in WordNet: 2. convinced, positive, confident - (persuaded of; very sure; 'were convinced that it would be to their advantage to join'; 'I am positive he is lying'; 'was confident he would win') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute, :PastParticiple . :Convincing :isAnAttributeValueOf :ProbatoryEvidence ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :BelievingSomething, :ConvincingaPerson ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Convincing-CommunicationAct, :ConvincingaPerson ; :wnsense "cogent1adj", "convincing1adj", "persuasive2adj", "telling2adj", "weighty2adj" ; :wordnet "cogent", "convincing", "persuasive", "telling", "weighty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Convincing'' is a subtype of 'Informative'' for information objects or communications or observations that not only inform, but convince the recipient of that information that something is true. This ''Convincing'' is the attribute of something causing a ''Believing'' *or* of the grammatical agent (an Observation or Assertion or ''AssertingEvent'') of a ''ConvincingaPerson'' Action. The subtypes ''Conclusive'' and ''Determining'' suggest an ability to convince more than one person because of a basis in objective observations and logic. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'convincing' in Wordnet: 1. (4) convincing - (causing one to believe the truth of something; 'a convincing story'; 'a convincing manner') WN adj 'persuasive': 2. persuasive - (capable of convincing; 'a persuasive argument'; 'the evidence is persuasive but not conclusive') WN adj 'cogent': 1. cogent, telling, weighty - (powerfully persuasive; 'a cogent argument'; 'a telling presentation'; 'a weighty argument') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Causative, :Informative . :Convincing-CommunicationAct :en "convincing" ; :guid "bd58fd97-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "persuade" ; :wnsense "convert9v", "convince1v", "persuade2v", "win over1v" ; :wordnet "convert", "convince", "persuade", "win over" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Convincing is a special kind of Communication that succeeds in causing another agent to believe something or perform or refrain from some 'Action', due only to the second agent's interpretation of the content of the communication (i.e. no physical force is applied, though threats or promises of reward may be used). see 'causedToBelieve' for relation The distinction between 'persuade' and 'convince' is not clear ('persuade one to' and 'convince one to' usually mean the same thing), and both words are interpreted as being represented by this type of Action. Cyc: A specialization of #$Communicating. Each instance of this collection is an act of causing someone to believe or do something by intentional communication. Notable specializations include #$PersuadingToAct and #$DissuadingFromAction. Includes verb sense 2 of 'persuade' and sense 1 of 'convince' in in WordNet: WN verb 'persuade': 2. (13) persuade - (cause somebody to adopt a certain position, belief, or course of action; twist somebody's arm; 'You can't persuade me to buy this ugly vase!') WN verb 'convince': 1. (15) convert, win over, convince - (make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something; 'He had finally convinced several customers of the advantages of his product') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :InfluencingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convinced ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Belief :Action :ActionType ) ] ] . :ConvincingaPerson :wnsense "convincing1adj" ; :wordnet "convincing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''ConvincingaPerson'' is an Action in which some observation or Assertion or some other Person making an assertion causes the listener or observer to believe some ''Belief'' (a ''Proposition'') - i.e. it causes ''BelievingSomething''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'convincing' in Wordnet: 1. (4) convincing - (causing one to believe the truth of something; 'a convincing story'; 'a convincing manner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BelievingSomething ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belief ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :Convoy :guid "be3ae98d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "convoy1n" ; :wordnet "convoy" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense is for military land vehicles or a group of ships escorted by military vehicles. COSMO note: a Convoy is interpreted here strictly in the military sense. An analogous grouping of vehicles for civilian purposes could be called a 'Caravan'. ***ToDo: There is a potential contradiction - if a Convoy is strictly a bunch of vehicles, how can it be an 'agent'?? The Cyc parent has been removed for review. Is it an Organization? CYC The collection of all convoys of vehicles. Each instance of #$Convoy is a composite object (a #$Group) that has various #$TransportationDevices as #$groupMembers. In a #$Convoy, the member vehicles travel together in a line and close together, one behind the other. #$Convoys of #$Ships and #$Trucks are often used in military operations. SUMO: A group of people driving vehicles that all have the same destination. That destination may be an intermediate destination on the way to a final destination for some of the vehicles however. This is distinguished from vehicles that have no common purpose, such as traffic on a freeway. This includes cases where some of the agents intend to reach a point but fail to do so. Includes to parts of noun senses 1 amd 2 of 'convoy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) convoy - (a procession of land vehicles traveling together) 2. convoy - (a collection of merchant ships with an escort of warships) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MilitaryVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Convulsing :wnsense "convulse5v", "convulse6v", "convulsion2n" ; :wordnet "convulse", "convulsion" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for both the transitive (causing) and intransitive (experiencing) senses of the body 'convulsing' reflex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convulse' in WordNet: 5. convulse - (cause to contract; 'The spasm convulses her facial muscles') 6. convulse - (contract involuntarily, as in a spasm; 'The muscles in her face convulsed') WN noun 'convulsion': 2. convulsion - (violent uncontrollable contractions of muscles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cramping, :InvoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Painful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PainOrAche ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :ConvulsingAnAudience :wnsense "convulse1v" ; :wordnet "convulse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConvulsingAnAudience'' is a ''JokeTelling'' that causes the audience (of any size) to perform ''ConvulsiveLaughing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'convulse' in WordNet: 1. (1) convulse - (make someone convulse with laughter; 'The comedian convulsed the crowd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JokeTelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConvulsiveLaughing ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amusing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Convulsive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Convulsing, :ConvulsiveLaughing, :Sobbing ; :wnsense "convulsive1adj", "spasmodic1adj", "spastic3adj" ; :wordnet "convulsive", "spasmodic", "spastic" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Convulsive''is used of ''InvoluntaryBodyMovement''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'convulsive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) convulsive, spasmodic, spastic - (affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm; 'convulsive motions'; 'his body made a spasmodic jerk'; 'spastic movements') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ConvulsiveLaughing :en "laugh convulsively" ; :eng "convulsive laughing" ; :enn "convulsive laughing" ; :env "laugh convulsively" ; :wnsense "convulse2v" ; :wordnet "convulse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ConvulsiveLaughing'' is a strong, loud, ''Laughing'' that causes visible shaking of the body and is hard to stop. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'convulse' in WordNet: 2. (1) convulse - (be overcome with laughter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Laughing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convulsive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convulsing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Coo :en "cooing" ; :isEmittedBy :Pigeon ; :wnsense "coo1n", "coo2v" ; :wordnet "coo" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'cooing' sound made by a pigeon or dove. Includes n and v senses of 'coo': Includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'coo' in Wordnet: 1. coo - (the sound made by a pigeon) WN verb 'coo': 2. coo - (cry softly, as of pigeons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :Cook :ldoce "cook" ; :wnsense "cook1n" ; :wordnet "cook" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The agent in a CookingFood Action. Not necessarily a professional Chef; this can be used to specify who was the chief cook of any given meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cook' in WordNet: 1. (7) cook - (someone who cooks food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :CookingFood ] . :CookBook :guid "c02119fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cookbook1n", "cookery book1n" ; :wordnet "cookbook", "cookery book" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of instances of #$Book-CW which contain multiple ''FoodRecipe''s. (See #$Recipe-CW.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cookbook' in WordNet: 1. cookbook, cookery book - (a book of recipes and cooking directions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfRecipes ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :CookIslands a :Country . :Cooked :guid "428305b4-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CookingFood ; :isTheOppositeOf :Raw ; :wnsense "cooked1adj" ; :wordnet "cooked" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of Food that has been cooked. In Cyc this is the food itself, and COSMO usage differs, treating attributes as different from the objects that have those attributes. Cyc: The subcollection of #$EdibleStuff whose instances have been cooked. Food becomes #$Cooked as the result of an event of #$CookingFood. Specialized forms of #$Cooked include #$Steamed, #$Baked, #$Microwaved and #$Grilled. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cooked' in WordNet: 1. cooked - (having been prepared for eating by the application of heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :CookedFood :guid "befe4c3f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Food. Each instance of #$CookedFood is a foodstuff that has been cooked. Possible sub-collections include MicrowavedFood, GrilledFood, RoastedFood, SteamedFood, BoiledFood, #$BakedFood, ToastedFood, FriedFood.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparedFoodStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cooked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CookedFoodObject a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A FoodObject consisting of CookedFood." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparedFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookedFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :CookedWingOfFowl :ldoce "wing" ; :wnsense "wing7n" ; :wordnet "wing" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A prepared FoodObject consisting of a cooked Wing of some Fowl. Most commonly chicken wings, but could be other, e.g. duck or turkey. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 7 of 'wing' in WordNet; it is not clear of the Wordnet sense is invariably of the cooked variety: in WordNet: 7. wing - (the wing of a fowl; 'he preferred the drumsticks to the wings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFoodObject, :Wing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookedFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poultry ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Cookie :en "cookey" ; :guid "bd588348-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "biscuit2n", "cookie1n" ; :wordnet "biscuit", "cookie" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single cookie - an object, not a substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cookie' in WordNet: 1. (1) cookie, cooky, biscuit - (any of various small flat sweet cakes ('biscuit' is the British term)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :DessertFood, :SolidFoodArtifact . :CookingChange a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CookingChange' is the Change in some food object that goes from 'Raw' to 'Cooked' during a CookingFood event. The restriction does not require specifying the specific object cooked, because this type and its subtypes can be used to describe certain types of cooking, and not only a specific cooking event.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodPreparationChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Raw ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cooked ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectChanged ] . :CookingFood :en "cooking" ; :guid "bd58ad09-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cook" ; :wnsense "cook1v", "cook2v", "cook3v" ; :wordnet "cook" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a CookingFood action often results in preparation of a full 'meal', but not necessarily (as in baking a cake or cookies), so that is not a restriction. Every instance of 'CookingFood' ends with a 'PuttingFoodOnaPlate' transition Event, which causes a 'FoodIsReady' state; see those elements for the details of the meanings. The restriction requires that CookingFood produce a CookingChange. (which changes a FoodObject from Raw to Cooked). It may be desirable to specify more specific subtypes of CookingChange for subtypes of CookingFood, but that is not required by the restriction. As an ImprovementEvent, this also requires that the thing improved be specified. In this case it is the same as the object produced (unless the raw food is considered as the thing improved). @ToDo: this restriction may require redundant representation of the food acted on - perhaps an FOL rule can avoid this. See instances of 'CookingFood' for examples. Cyc: A specialization of #$PreparingFoodItem and #$HeatingProcess. Each instance of #$CookingFood is an event in which some item of #$Food (q.v.) is prepared by heating it. Typically, the foodstuff is heated until it reaches a certain temperature over some period of time; during the heating, chemical and/or physical changes occur which are supposed to make the foodstuff healthier or tastier (or, in some cases, ethically acceptable). A #$CookingFood event may last from a few minutes (e.g., #$SteamingFood (vegetables), #$MakingToast) to several hours (e.g., #$RoastingFood). Includes verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'cook' in WordNet: 1. (9) cook - (prepare a hot meal; 'My husband doesn't cook') 2. (9) cook, fix, ready, make, prepare - - (prepare for eating by applying heat; 'Cook me dinner, please'; 'can you make me an omelette?'; 'fix breakfast for the guests, please') 3. (6) cook - - (transform and make suitable for consumption by heating; 'These potatoes have to cook for 20 minutes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :ExecutingaProcedure, :HeatingProcess, :PreparingFoodItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodRecipe ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookedFood ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingChange ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :FoodType :CookedFoodObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodIsReady ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PuttingFoodOnaPlate ] . :CookingForCassidyDinner20080523 :hadChangedEntity :ChickenMeat ; :hasComponentElement :ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523IsReady, :ServingChickenParmDinnerDC20080523 ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523 ; :heats :ChickenMeat ; :improves :ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523 ; :produced :ChickenParmDinnerDC20080523 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :DianeCassidy ; :wasaPreparationFor :CassidyDinner20080523 ; a :CookingFood . :CookingGrill :en "grill" ; :wnsense "grill2n", "grille3n" ; :wordnet "grill", "grille" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HeatingDevice that has a grill above a heating element, used for grilling food. If a portable device has a flat sheet surface rather than a grill, it would be a ''Cooktop-Device''. The smallish kind easily portable for backyard barbecues that uses charcoal is subtype ''CharcoalGrill' NOTE:the WN 'grill' has been partitioned into ''Grillwork'' - the wire/bar network used as the platform for grillng, and this type - the whole 'grill' apparatus including any legs and (if gas) pipes used to supply the gas. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'grille' in WordNet (for cooking outdors) *but* this is the whole devicem not just the grillwork in it: in WordNet: 3. grill, grille, grillwork - (a framework of metal bars used as a partition or a grate; \"he cooked hamburgers on the grill\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrillingFood ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :heats ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grillwork ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :CookingInaMicrowave :wnsense "micro-cook1v", "microwave1v", "nuke3v", "zap4v" ; :wordnet "micro-cook", "microwave", "nuke", "zap" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CookingInaMicrowave''is ''CookingFood'' using a ''MicrowaveOven'' This is used for just warming or re-heating, as well as cooking from the raw state. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'microwave' in WordNet: 1. (2) microwave, micro-cook, zap, nuke - (cook or heat in a microwave oven; 'You can microwave the leftovers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MicrowaveOven ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :CookingMeat a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cooking of a piece of ''Meat''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :CookedFoodObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :CookingSurface :en "cooking surface" ; :enn "cooking surface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CookingSurface'' is a ''HorizontalSurface'' that is part of a ''CookingUtensil'' and that is ''Horizontal'' while being used for cooking. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatSurfacePortion, :HorizontalSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingUtensil ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingElement ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :CookingUtensil :wnsense "cooking utensil1n", "cookware1n" ; :wordnet "cooking utensil", "cookware" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CookingUtensil'' is any ''KitchenUtensil'' used in ''CookingFood'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cooking utensil' in WordNet: 1. cooking utensil, cookware - (a kitchen utensil made of material that does not melt easily; used for cooking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KitchenUtensil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :CookingVessel :en "cooking vessel" ; :guid "bd5885f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Containers used to cook food." ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingUtensil, :FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice, :FoodVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Cooktop-Device :en "cooktop" ; :enn "cooktop" ; :guid "bfbf9a36-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of devices that are ''HouseholdAppliance''s and have heating surfaces on which a pot or pan can be placed and heated, for cooking food contained in a ''Pot'' or ''Pan''. A ''Cooktop-Device'' may or may not be part of a ''KitchenRange'', or may be installed alone without the oven part. These might be built into a kitchen island, for example. It can be heated by a flame of gas, by coal or wood burning inside, or by electricity. This is used generally for any heating device with a flat surface intended for cooking food, including portable devices that may be taken on a camping trip; however, a cooking device with a grill top is represented by ''CookingGrill''. No sense in Wordnet - the RHW sense is more specific than this sense, which can be of any material: RHW 'cooktop': a cooking surface consisting of a flat sheet of heat-transmitting glass and ceramic material over heating elements, usually electric. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fixture, :HeatingDevice, :HouseholdAppliance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingFood ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :heats ] . :Cool :ldoce "cool" ; :wnsense "cool1adj" ; :wordnet "cool" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cool is a QualitativeAttributeValue for objects or ambient air, indicating that the temperature of the object is below normal room temperature (23 deg C), but not 'Cold' (below about 10 deg C). Corresponds to approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'cool' in WordNet, referring only to temperature: in WordNet: 1. (32) cool - (neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat; 'a cool autumn day'; 'a cool room'; 'cool summer dresses'; 'cool drinks'; 'a cool breeze') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :CoolAndOuttasight :indicatesConformanceTo :Fashion ; :wnsense "cool6adj" ; :wordnet "cool" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoolAndOuttasight'' is the label used here for the notion of something 'cool' in the hip, popular sense of being 'good' in an unconventional manner attractive to those in the same social group. Q: How to say this?? Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'cool' in Wordnet: 6. cool - (fashionable and attractive at the time; often skilled or socially adept; 'he's a cool dude'; 'that's cool'; 'Mary's dress is really cool'; \"it's not cool to arrive at a party too early\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fashionable . :CoolHeaded :wnsense "cool1adj", "coolheaded1adj", "nerveless1adj" ; :wordnet "cool", "coolheaded", "nerveless" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoolHeaded'' is an attribute of someone who ''Composed'' and thinking unemotionally in a situation that could make one Anxious.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cool-headed' in Wordnet: 1. cool, coolheaded, nerveless - (marked by calm self-control (especially in trying circumstances); unemotional; 'play it cool'; 'keep cool'; 'stayed coolheaded in the crisis'; 'the most nerveless winner in the history of the tournament') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Composed . :Cooler-Container :guid "c0b645bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cooler1n", "ice chest1n" ; :wordnet "cooler", "ice chest" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of coolers. A cooler is an insulated container in which either ice or reusable ice substitute is placed along with food or drink that one wishes to keep cool. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cooler' in WordNet: 1. (1) cooler, ice chest - (a refrigerator for cooling liquids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact . :CoolingDevice a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An artifact designed to maintain objects at a temperature below the ambient temperature. They may be powered or achieve their effect through supply of a cold substance, such as an ice bucket at a party or at a dinner table, an ice chest, or a dry ice chest, a liquid nitrogen freezer, or by electrical refrigeration. The styrofoam 'coolers' that require a supply of ice to perform their function are included. This may be broader than the intended SUMO usage: SUMO; A Device whose purpose is Cooling something, e.g. air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, etc..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbilityToCool ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :CoolingProcess :guid "bd58f7dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cool down3n", "cool2v" ; :wordnet "cool", "cool down" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TemperatureChangingProcess. Each instance of #$CoolingProcess is an event in which the temperature of some object (related to the instance of #$CoolingProcess by #$objectOfStateChange) is lowered. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cool' in WordNet: 3. cool, chill, cool down - (loose heat; 'The air cooled considerably after the thunderstorm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LoweringaValue, :TemperatureChangingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temperature ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :CooperUnion a :School ; rdfs:comment """From Wikipedia: The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, commonly known as Cooper Union or The Cooper Union[11] and informally referred to, especially during the 19th century, as 'the Cooper Institute,'[12] is a private college at Cooper Square on the border of the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Inspired in 1830 when Peter Cooper learned about the government-supported Ecole Polytechnique in France, Cooper Union was established in 1859.[13][14] The school was built on a radical new model of American higher education based on founder Peter Cooper's fundamental belief that an education \"equal to the best technology schools established\"[15] should be accessible to those who qualify, independent of their race, religion, sex, wealth or social status, and should be \" open and free to all.\"[16] The Cooper Union originally offered free courses to its admitted students, and when a four-year undergraduate program was established in 1902, the school granted each admitted student a full-tuition scholarship. Following its own financial crisis, the school decided to abandon this policy starting in the fall of 2014 with each incoming student receiving at least a half-tuition merit scholarship, with additional school financial support.[17] The school plans to reinstate full-tuition scholarships for undergraduates by the 2028-2029 academic year.[18] """ . :CooperationEvent :eng "collaborating", "cooperating" ; :guid "bfac01d4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "co-operation1n", "co-operation2n", "collaborate1v", "collaboration1n", "cooperate1v", "cooperation1n", "cooperation2n", "join forces1v" ; :wordnet "co-operation", "collaborate", "collaboration", "cooperate", "cooperation", "join forces" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that a ''CooperationEvent'' has both a ''Goal'' (a ''MentalObject'') and a ''PersistentState'' as its purpose. This may be redundant - rethink the relation between these objectives?? See ''hasPurpose'' for more discussion of such related concepts. This is the broadest type of 'cooperation' where the Goal is in common, but the degree of contact of those working on the same goal can be minimal. For a closer degree of cooperation use ''WorkingTogether''. Contrasts with 'ConflictEvent' **NOTE** that this differs subtly from subtype ''WorkingTogether'' in that a ''WorkingTogether'' is performed with multiple people in direct contact in the same location (building or site). This type should be used if such direct contact is not known. CYC: A collection of all instances of #$SocialOccurrence that can be called 'cooperations'. For each #$CooperationEvent COOP the following hold: (i) there are at least two #$IntelligentAgents AGT1 and AGT2 such that (#$partnersInCooperation AGT1 AGT2 COOP), (ii) AGT1 and AGT2 share a GOAL, (iii) there are subevents ACT1 and ACT2 of COOP, both of which are #$PurposefulActions, such that ACT1 is performed by AGT1 with the intent of furthering GOAL and ACT2 is performed by AGT2 with the intent of furthering GOAL, (iv) AGT1 believes that ACT2 furthers GOAL and AGT2 believes that ACT1 furthers GOAL, and (v) the fact ACT1 and ACT2 both further GOAL is not an unexpected coincidence: it was a part of AGT1's expectation that an act like (i.e. of the same kind as) ACT2, performed by AGT2, would further GOAL; and it was a part of AGT2's expectation that an act like ACT1, performed by AGT1, would further GOAL. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cooperate' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'cooperation' in WordNet: 1. (20) collaborate, join forces, cooperate, get together - (work together on a common enterprise of project; 'The soprano and the pianist did not get together very well'; 'We joined forces with another research group') WN noun 'cooperation': 1. (7) cooperation - (joint operation or action; 'their cooperation with us was essential for the success of our mission') 2. (1) cooperation - (the practice of cooperating; 'economic cooperation'; 'they agreed on a policy of cooperation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :AgentGroup ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Partner ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Collaborative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConflictEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTheReverseEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CollectiveGoal :GoalType :ActionType ) ] ] . :Cooperative :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :StubbornStreak ; :isTheOppositeOf :Obstinate, :Perverse ; :wnsense "accommodative2adj", "cooperative3adj" ; :wordnet "accommodative", "cooperative" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cooperative'' is the attribute of someone willing to cooperate with others rather than obstruct or resist. WB antonym is 'competitive' - in one sense, not quite what this type represents - one can be non-cooperative without wanting to compete, just not work together, Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'cooperative' in WordNet: 3. accommodative, cooperative - (willing to adjust to differences in order to obtain agreement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :CooperativeAssociation :wnsense "co-operative2n", "cooperative2n" ; :wordnet "co-operative", "cooperative" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Organization'' formed by a GroupOfPeople for any purpose agreed to by the Group. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cooperative' in WordNet: 2. (1) cooperative - (an association formed and operated for the benefit of those using it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Association, :PrivateSectorOrganization . :CooperativeBusiness :wnsense "co-op1n", "cooperative1n" ; :wordnet "co-op", "cooperative" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CooperativeBusiness'' is a ''Business'' that is owned by the workers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cooperative' in WordNet: 1. (3) cooperative, co-op - (a jointly owned commercial enterprise (usually organized by farmers or consumers) that produces and distributes goods and services and is run for the benefit of its owners) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalBusinessEntity . :CoordinateSystem :wnsense "coordinate system1n", "frame of reference1n", "reference frame1n", "reference system1n" ; :wordnet "coordinate system", "frame of reference", "reference frame", "reference system" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoordinateSystem'' is a ''MentalStructure'' that allows an Agent to specify where an object is,relative to others, in any space, using a fixed reference point (an 'origin') and any number of dimensions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coordinate system' in WordNet: 1. coordinate system, frame of reference, reference system, reference frame - (a system that uses coordinates to establish position) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalStructure . :CoordinatedBodyMovement :guid "bea76450-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$VoluntaryBodyMovement s that require some coordination between multiple movements and external events. i.e. more complex than simply #$Reaching or #$LiftingALeg. Exemplary example: #$Juggling. this can be performed by non-human animals. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VoluntaryBodyMovement . :Coordinating :en "coordinating" ; :wnsense "coordinate2v", "coordination2n" ; :wordnet "coordinate", "coordination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Coordinating'' is a ''Supervising'' in which the agent assures that multiple Agents act so as to reinforce and to interfere with each others' activities. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'coordinate' in WordNet: 2. (4) coordinate - (bring into common action, movement, or condition; 'coordinate the painters, masons, and plumbers'; 'coordinate his actions with that of his colleagues'; 'coordinate our efforts') WN noun 'coordination' (approximate - parents differ): 2. (1) coordination - (the regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supervising . :CoordinatingaGroup :wnsense "align4v", "coordinate4v" ; :wordnet "align", "coordinate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoordinatingaGroup'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which the component Objects in some ''ObjectGroup'' are selected so as to better perform some function as a Group. NOTE: WN term 'ordinate' is not listed in RHW. Left out for now until examples are found. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'coordinate' in WordNet: 4. (1) align, ordinate, coordinate - (bring (components or parts) into proper or desirable coordination correlation; 'align the wheels of my car'; 'ordinate similar parts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjusting, :RegulatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelectingAmong ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectGroup :GroupType ) ] ] . :Coordinator :wnsense "coordinator1n" ; :wordnet "coordinator" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who helps make a ''CooperationEvent'' proceed efficiently by neing aware of theefforts of each cooperating person, and assuring that they helpand do not hur each others work. A ''Coordinator'' does not necessarily have authority over the cooperating persons, and may merely provide advice to them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coordinator' in WordNet: 1. (1) coordinator - (someone whose task is to see that work goes harmoniously) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manager, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ; owl:someValuesFrom :CooperationEvent ] . :Coot :guid "c0415bde-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coot1n" ; :wordnet "coot" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coot' in WordNet: 1. coot - (slate-black slow-flying birds somewhat resembling ducks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rail . :Copied :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Copy ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MakingaCopy ; :isTheOppositeOf :Genuine ; :wnsense "copied1adj" ; :wordnet "copied" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Copied'' is an AttributeValue of things (typically documents or works of Art),but including other types of ArtifactObjects such as name-brand clothing or accessories, that are not the original prodct, but some 'copy' of an original. The original is characterized by attribute ''Genuine''. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'copied' (for any form of copying) in Wordnet: 1. copied, traced - (derived by copying something else; especially by following lines seen through a transparent sheet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Copier :wnsense "copier1n", "duplicator1n" ; :wordnet "copier", "duplicator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Copier'' is a Device that that is designed to make a ''HardcopyInformationBearingObject'' that is a ''Copy'' of some other ''HardcopyInformationBearingObject'', usually a piece of paper or similar sheet-like object. NOTE: this type of ''Copier'' is one designed to produced *local* copies of documents (''DocumentCopy''s). This does not include a Fax machine, which transmits the image copy to a distant receiver that prodces the document copy. NOTE:a 'multifunction' ''Copier'' may also be designed to print out images from a computer file transferred to the device from any source, not just from local paper documents.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copier' in WordNet: 1. duplicator, copier - (apparatus that makes copies of typed, written or drawn material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardcopyInformationBearingObject ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copy ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IBTCopying ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :CopingWithaSituation :en "cope with", "coping", "deal with" ; :eng "coping", "getting by", "making do" ; :wnsense "contend5v", "cope1v", "deal4v", "get by1v", "grapple3v", "make do1v", "make out5v", "manage3v" ; :wordnet "contend", "cope", "deal", "get by", "grapple", "make do", "make out", "manage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CopingWithaSituation'' is an instance of ''ConfrontingaSituation'' that is a ''CarryingOutaTask'' Action in which an agent performs an Action that is intended to resolve an issue (important or trivial) or deal with some difficult situation. that arises from a ''ProblemSituation''. The issue may be a situation that creates or threatens to create damage, or merely an impedimant to achieving some optional goal (a 'speed bump' on the route to accomplishing a task). *NOTE* that the problem coped with is not part of the intransitive verb in WordNet,but here it can be used transitively, so the sense can be expressed by phrases such as 'cope with' and 'deal with'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cope' in WordNet: 1. (5) cope, get by, make out, make do, contend, grapple, deal, manage - (come to terms or deal successfully with; 'We got by on just a gallon of gas'; 'They made do on half a loaf of bread every day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarryingOutaTask, :ConfrontingaSituation, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProblemSituation ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Copper :hasAtomicNumber "29"^^xsd:int ; :hasProtonCount "29"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "copper" ; :wnsense "copper1n" ; :wordnet "copper" ; a :ElementType, :MalleableThingType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The metallic element. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copper' in WordNet: 1. (8) copper, Cu, atomic number 29 - (a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :isWeightFraction "7.5"^^xsd:float ; :isaFractionalComponentOf :Copper ; a :FractionalComponentSubstance . :CopperWire :en "copper wire" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Copper ; :isaShapedFormOfSubstance :Copper ; a :MalleableThingType, :MetalType, :WireType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CopperWire is a Substance consisting of Copper in the form of a Wire.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConductingWire . :Copperhead :guid "c0fd4656-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "copperhead1n" ; :wordnet "copperhead" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copperhead' in WordNet: 1. copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix - (common coppery brown pit viper of upland eastern United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PitViper . :Copy :ldoce "copy" ; :wnsense "copy1n", "copy2n", "replica1n", "reproduction3n", "transcript2n" ; :wordnet "copy", "replica", "reproduction", "transcript" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Copy' is an Object (Physical or Abstract) that is created by a process, natural or artificial, so that the Copy is closely similar to some original object. Handmade copies, not expected to look exactly like the original, are included in this type. This includes copies of computer files (the physical copy on a physical medium) in any form. 'I have a copy of the paper in my laptop'; 'I downloaded a copy of the file'. An abstract 'copy' can be a MentalObject. If made by an 'IBTcopying' process, it will be an 'InformationBearingThing' Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'copy' and sense 3 of 'reproduction' and sense 2 of 'transcript' and sense 1 of 'replica in WordNet: 1. (7) transcript, copy - (a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)) 2. (6) copy - (a secondary representation of an original; 'she made a copy of the designer dress') WN 'reproduction': 3. replica, replication, reproduction - (copy that is not the original; something that has been copied) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaCopy ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copied ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Copyediting :wnsense "copyedit1v", "copyread1v", "subedit1v" ; :wordnet "copyedit", "copyread", "subedit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Copyediting'' is a form of ''Editing'' of written material This ma be the final editing before publication. RHW: 1. to edit (a manuscript, document, text, etc.) for publication, esp. for punctuation, spelling, grammatical structure, style, etc. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'copyedit' in WordNet: 1. copyread, subedit, copyedit - (edit and correct (written or printed material)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CheckingSomething, :Editing, :Reading, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublishedMaterial ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublishingWrittenMaterial ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ] . :Copyright :guid "bd58b3f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "copyright1n", "right of first publication1n" ; :wordnet "copyright", "right of first publication" ; a :AgreementType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Copyright'' is a Right to sell and control the use of physical representations of some AbstractDocument . **NOTE** In CYC a copyright is a 'LegalAgreement' and a License; in WN it is a ''document''; but in COSMO this is the abstract ''Right'' (a MentalObject) that is memorialized in a document, but exists as long as some record of it can be found,somewhere - these days probably in a computer database.. CYC 'CopyrightLicense':An exclusive right to produce or sell an informationBearingThingForm. Each InformationBearingThingForm should have only one CopyrightLicense associated with it at any given time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copyright' in WordNet: 1. copyright, right of first publication - (a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgreement, :LegalDocument-Abstract, :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IssuingaCopyright ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :CopyrightInfringement :wnsense "copyright infringement1n", "infringement of copyright1n" ; :wordnet "copyright infringement", "infringement of copyright" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CopyrightInfringement'' violates some law establishing a ''Copyright', and subjects the infringer to some punishment enforced by the courts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copyright infringement' in WordNet: 1. copyright infringement, infringement of copyright - (a violation of the rights secured by a copyright) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfringingARule, :Wrongdoing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illegal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CopyrightLaw ; owl:onProperty :violatesRule ] . :CopyrightLaw a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CopyrightLaw'' is any ''Law'' establishing a rule for creating or enforcing a ''Copyright''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicLaw, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copyright ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ] . :Copyrighting :en "authorization" ; :wnsense "copyright1v" ; :wordnet "copyright" ; a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Copyrighting'' is the act of obtaining a ''Copyright'' on some AbstractDocument (including songs and software). This consists of applying for a copyright, and the copyright being issued (in a 'IssuingaCopyright'' Action). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'copyright' in WordNet: 1. copyright - (secure a copyright on a written work; 'did you copyright your manuscript?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IssuingaCopyright ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copyright ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Copywriter :wnsense "copywriter1n" ; :wordnet "copywriter" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Copywriter'' is a Person who creates 'copy (''Publicity'') for ''Publicizing '' (including ''Advertizing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'copywriter' in WordNet: 1. copywriter - (a person employed to write advertising or publicity copy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Writer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Publicity ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :CoraciformBird :wnsense "coraciiform bird1n" ; :wordnet "coraciiform bird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coraciiform bird' in WordNet: 1. coraciiform bird - (chiefly short-legged arboreal nonpasserine birds that nest in holes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :CoralReef :wnsense "coral reef1n" ; :wordnet "coral reef" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoralReef'' is a ''Reef'' created by growth of Coral in shallow ocean water. It is largely composed of limestone created from the bones of dead Coral, with live coral on top. it may be all under water or partly protruding above the water surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coral reef' in WordNet: 1. coral reef - (a reef consisting of coral consolidated into limestone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reef, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoralStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :CoralSnake :guid "c0fd4525-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coral snake1n", "coral snake2n" ; :wordnet "coral snake" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'coral snake' in WordNet: 1. coral snake, Old World coral snake - (any of various venomous elapid snakes of Asia and Africa and Australia) 2. coral snake, harlequin-snake, New World coral snake - (any of several venomous New World snakes brilliantly banded in red and black and either yellow or white; widely distributed in South America and Central America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VenomousSnake . :CoralStuff :wnsense "coral2n" ; :wordnet "coral" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CoralStuff' is the substance of which the mineralized portion of coral consists - generated by biological proceses, but nevertheless mineral in consttution. This is not the organic material part of coral, but the mineral of which coral art objects are made. The closest WordNet term is 'coral' sense 2, but this sense of 'CoralStuff' is not necessarily Mediterranean, including all mineralized parts of a coral skeleton. This is included in part to provide a link to the substance of which 'Sand' consists, which is usually 'Stone' but can be 'Coral'. So the class 'StoneOrCoral' is used as the substance of 'Sand'. in WordNet: 2. coral, red coral, precious coral - (the hard stony skeleton of a Mediterranean coral that has a delicate red or pink color and is used for jewelry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :NaturalTangibleStuff, :SolidSubstance . :Cord :guid "b0c16c90-144a-11d6-8a13-0090279a5c18" ; :ldoce "cord" ; :wnsense "cord1n" ; :wordnet "cord" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all things that we refer to as 'cords', which are similar to strings, but thicker, and also not as thick as what is referred to as a 'Rope'. This is used for any string string-like object, including thin ones such as a ''FishingLine''. CYC: This constant differs from the collection #$CordlikeObject (its direct genls) in that an instance of #$Cord must be long, thin, flexible, and having ends, whereas an instance of #$CordlikeObject must only be relatively thin and having ends. For an example of something that is a #$CordlikeObject but not a #$Cord, see #$SpinalCord. For relatively thin braided fiber lines, use 'PieceOfString'. Also, by comparison, see 'Bristle' which must be stiff, rather than Limp, like a Cord. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cord' in WordNet: 1. (5) cord - (a line made of twisted fibers or threads; 'the bundle was tied with a cord') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :CordlikeObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :StringOrLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cordial :isTheAttributeOfSomeThingWithTendencyTo :Affection, :Cordiality ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Affection ; :wnsense "affable1adj", "amiable2adj", "cordial1adj", "cordial2adj", "genial1adj" ; :wordnet "affable", "amiable", "cordial", "genial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing and exhibiting Affection. For the *actions* exhibiting Affection use ''Hearty''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cordial' in Wordnet: 1. (1) affable, amiable, cordial, genial - (diffusing warmth and friendliness; 'an affable smile'; 'an amiable gathering'; 'cordial relations'; 'a cordial greeting'; 'a genial host') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friendly . :Cordiality :wnsense "amity1n", "cordiality1n" ; :wordnet "amity", "cordiality" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cordiality' in WordNet: 1. amity, cordiality - (a cordial disposition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friendliness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActOfKindness ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cordial ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Cordillera :en "cordillera" ; :guid "15524ee4-24db-41d7-9934-e40d60063d38" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An entire mountain system including all subordinate ranges, interior plateaus, and basins. Every instance of #$MountainRange is a #$geographicalSubRegions of some instance of #$Cordillera, while every instance of #$Cordillera has at least one #$MountainRange as a #$geographicalSubRegions of it. However, no instance of #$Cordillera can be a #$geographicalSubRegions of a larger #$MountainRange. In particular, no two distinct instances of #$Cordillera may bear the relation #$geographicalSubRegions with each other.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MountainRange . :CordlikeObject :guid "bd58f581-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$CordlikeObject is a partially tangible non-fluid object (so #$CordlikeObject is disjoint with #$FluidTangibleThing) whose length is significantly greater than either its height or width. Moreover, each instance of #$CordlikeObject has a high degree of flexibility. Notable specializations of #$CordlikeObject include the collections #$Nerve, #$Tape, and #$Cable. COSMO note: in Cyc tapes were also CordlikeObjects, but in COSMO Tape is a 'RibbonlikeObject'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FilamentlikeObject, :Path-Spatial, :SpoolableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Core :wnsense "core1n", "core3n" ; :wordnet "core" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Core'' is the ''MiddleOfAnObject'' for which the whole PhysicalObject is a ''BallLikeObject'' (not LongandThin nor Sheetlike), and the ''Core'' is surrounded on all sides by other parts of the whole Object. Includes noun senses 1 and3 of 'core' in WordNet: 1. (5) core - (the center of an object; 'the ball has a titanium core') 3. (2) core - (the central part of the Earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MiddleOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :BallLikeObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :isNotaPartOf ] . :CoreGroup :wnsense "core group1n", "core2n", "nucleus3n" ; :wordnet "core", "core group", "nucleus" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoreGroup''is a very broad type consisting of a ''Group'' of things (of any kind) that are the most important elements in a larger Group of things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'core group' in WordNet: 1. core, nucleus, core group - (a small group of indispensable persons or things; 'five periodicals make up the core of their publishing program') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Necessary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CoreNuclear :pertainsTo :CenterPart, :CoreGroup ; :wnsense "nuclear4adj" ; :wordnet "nuclear" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoreNuclear'' pertains to the ''CenterPart'' of something. Among other uses, the 'nuclear' of 'nuclear family' would be represented by this type. The 'core' in the label refers to the central part as defined in ''CoreGroup'' and RHW noun 'core' 2. the central, innermost, or most essential part of anything. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'nuclear' in Wordnet: 4. (1) nuclear - (constituting or like a nucleus; 'annexation of the suburban fringe by the nuclear metropolis'; 'the nuclear core of the congregation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Central, :PertainingAttributeValue . :Coriander :wnsense "Chinese parsley1n", "Coriandrum sativum1n", "cilantro1n", "coriander plant1n", "coriander1n" ; :wordnet "Chinese parsley", "Coriandrum sativum", "cilantro", "coriander", "coriander plant" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coriander' in WordNet: 1. coriander, coriander plant, Chinese parsley, cilantro, Coriandrum sativum - (Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :CoriolisForce :wnsense "Coriolis force1n" ; :wordnet "Coriolis force" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoriolisForce'' is the Force that acts on objects moving in the Earth's ''GravitationalField'', caused by the Earth's rotation. This is noticeable in the motion of Air in Earth's atmosphere, and to some extent on liquid objects moving on the sorface of the Earth, in some cases potentially causing a spinning motion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coriolis force' in WordNet: 1. Coriolis force - ((physics) a force due to the earth's rotation; acts on a body in motion (airplane or projectile) in a rotating reference frame; in a rotating frame of reference Newton's second law of motion can be made to apply if in addition to the real forces acting on a body a Coriolis force and a centrifugal force are introduced) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Force . :Cork :wnsense "cork1n" ; :wordnet "cork" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a compressible solid organic material, less dense than water, consisting largely of cells filled with gas, obtained from the bark of certain types of oak tree (Quercus suber) that grow near the Mediterranean Sea. For the stopper made of cork, use ''CorkStopper''. Cylindrical pieces of cork are used as stoppers in containers, such as bottles of wine. The excellence of cork for stopping bottles, for thermal and sound insulation, and as a shock-absorbing material for flooring and packaging is due to the special shape, size and structure of its cells. When loaded, the cell walls bend or buckle, giving large recoverable deflexions and large energy absorption. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cork' in WordNet: 1. (1) cork - (outer bark of the cork oak; used for stoppers for bottles etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, :PlantProduct, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compressible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CorkTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :CorkScrew :guid "bd58a08b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bottle screw1n", "corkscrew1n" ; :wordnet "bottle screw", "corkscrew" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CorkScrew'' need not be a one-purpose tool, it can be a part of, for example, a Swiss Army Knife or something similar. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corkscrew' in WordNet: 1. (1) corkscrew, bottle screw - (a bottle opener that pulls corks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool . :CorkStopper :guid "bd58dc10-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cork4n" ; :wordnet "cork" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of Cork, usually cylindrical or slightly tapered, designed to be used to seal a container that has an open top. The use of cork to seal bottles of wine is an old tradition, but it was also used to seal laboratory glass vessels (much less now, with paraffin film more common), and sometimes thermos jars or carafes. In Cyc called 'CorkTheStopper'. Commonly called simply a 'cork'. NOTE that these days, some cork stoppers have an attached plastic grip, and we want to include those, so it would not be accurate to say that the composition is exclusively 'Cork'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'cork' in WordNet: 4. cork, bottle cork - (the plug in the mouth of a bottle (especially a wine bottle)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompressibleObject, :ContainerStopper, :OrganicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cork ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :CorkTree :guid "bd5896bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Quercus suber1n", "cork oak1n" ; :wordnet "Quercus suber", "cork oak" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: Quercus suber, a type of OakTree that grows near the Mediterranean, and from whose bark Cork is obtained. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cork oak' in WordNet: 1. cork oak, Quercus suber - (medium-sized evergreen oak of southern Europe and northern Africa having thick corky bark that is periodically stripped to yield commercial cork) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OakTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cork ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Corm :wnsense "corm1n" ; :wordnet "corm" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHR 'corm': an enlarged, fleshy, bulblike base of a stem, as in the crocus. Related to 'bulb'? RHR 'bulb': 1.a a usually subterranean and often globular bud having fleshy leaves emergent at the top and a stem reduced to a flat disk, rooting from the underside, as in the onion and lily. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corm' in WordNet: 1. corm - (solid swollen underground bulb-shaped stem or stem base and serving as a reproductive structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantReproductiveStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stem ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bulbous ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Underground ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Corn :consistsOfManyOf :Corn-SingleGrain ; :isDerivedFrom :CornPlant ; :ldoce "corn" ; :wnsense "corn2n" ; :wordnet "corn" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Food consisting of multiple grains of the corn (maize, Zea mays) plant. This is a substance, not an object. The antique sense of 'corn' meaning 'grain producing plant' is not included in this type. NOTE that meal made form Corn (grains) is not included in this type. For the ground meal (of any consistency),use 'CornMeal' The plant itself is represented as 'CornPlant'; a single grain of corn is a 'Corn-SingleGrain'; and an ear of corn is an 'EarOfCorn'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'corn' in WordNet: 2. (2) corn - (the dried grains or kernels or corn used as animal feed or ground for meal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealFood, :GranularSubstance . :Corn-SingleGrain :guid "bd5883fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: a single grain from a mature ear of the CornPlant (Zea mays). Cyc: The harvested fruit of the corn plant.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrainOfCereal . :CornMeal :isDerivedFrom :CornPlant ; :wnsense "cornmeal1n" ; :wordnet "cornmeal" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Flour made from Corn, usually used as a Food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cornmeal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cornmeal, Indian meal - (coarsely ground corn) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flour . :CornPlant :guid "bd589a64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "corn" ; :wnsense "corn1n" ; :wordnet "corn" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual corn plants, each an individual Organism. (Species Zea mays). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corn' in WordNet: 1. (3) corn, maize, Indian corn, Zea mays - (tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealPlant, :Vegetable-Plant . :CornSyrup :guid "bb84b4ce-82eb-11d6-8000-0002b34b8539" ; :wnsense "corn syrup1n" ; :wordnet "corn syrup" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Corn syrup is a sweet sticky liquid made from #$CornPlant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corn syrup' in Wordnet: 1. (1) corn syrup - (syrup prepared from corn) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment, :Syrup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Corn ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ] . :Cornea :guid "bd58816b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cornea1n" ; :wordnet "cornea" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all corneas. Each instance of #$Cornea is the transparent part of the coat of an #$Eye that covers the iris (#$Iris-EyePart) and pupil (#$Pupil-EyePart) and admits light to the #$Interior of the #$Eye. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cornea' in WordNet: 1. cornea - (transparent anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the lens and iris and is continuous with the sclera) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :OrganicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VertebrateEye ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Corner-2d :guid "c0fbbe43-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "corner" ; :wnsense "corner2n" ; :wordnet "corner" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all regions wherein two linear edges of a two dimensional or sheet-shaped object (i.e., considered in this context to be sheet shaped) meet to form an angle of substantially less than 180 degrees. Polygons have at least three corners each. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'corner' in WordNet: 2. (15) corner - (the point where two lines meet or intersect; 'the corners of a rectangle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corner-2or3d . :Corner-2or3d :guid "c0fba90e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "corner1n", "corner2n", "corner3n", "corner5n" ; :wordnet "corner" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a region of a PhysicalObject. IF 2D, it must be part of a SheetLike object. Cyc: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$Corner-2or3d is a region centered around a point where two edges of a sheet-like object meet at an angle, or where three or more surfaces (together with three or more solid edges dividing them) meet at one place forming a solid angle. Instances of #$Corner-2or3d are either #$Convex or #$Concave with respect to some perspective. Includes noun senses 1, 2, 3, and 5 of 'corner' in WordNet: 1. (20) corner - (a place off to the side of an area; 'he tripled to the rightfield corner'; 'he glanced out of the corner of his eye') 2. (15) corner - (the point where two lines meet or intersect; 'the corners of a rectangle') 3. (11) corner, nook - (an interior angle formed be two meeting walls; 'a piano was in one corner of the room') 5. (5) corner - (the point where three areas or surfaces meet or intersect; 'the corners of a cube') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject . :Corner-3d :guid "c0fba450-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "corner" ; :wnsense "corner3n" ; :wordnet "corner" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the corner region of a room will be an instance of this type. Cyc: The collection of all regions where three or more surfaces of an object (which is considered three dimensional in current context), and three or more #$EdgeOnObjects, meet. This includes corners of boxes, the tops of pyramids, etc. Each #$Corner-3d includes some solid angle of part of the object. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'corner' in WordNet: 3. (11) corner, nook - (an interior angle formed be two meeting walls; 'a piano was in one corner of the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corner-2or3d . :CornerStone :wnsense "cornerstone2n" ; :wordnet "cornerstone" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CornerStone'' is a ''ConstructionStone'' that typically is placed at one corner near the base of a Building, with an inscription usually giving the date the foundation was laid, and other information about the building. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cornerstone' in WordNet: 2. cornerstone - (a stone in the exterior of a large and important building; usually carved with a date and laid with appropriate ceremonies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionStone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inscription ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Cornerback :wnsense "cornerback1n" ; :wordnet "cornerback" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cornerback'' is one of two ''FootballBack''s who is positioned at the outside ends of the group of defensive players. RHW 'cornerback': one of two defensive backs positioned in the secondary between the linebackers and safeties, responsible for covering the outside areas near the sidelines against end runs and pass plays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cornerback' in WordNet: 1. cornerback - (a defensive football player stationed outside the linebackers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootballBack . :Cornet :wnsense "cornet1n" ; :wordnet "cornet" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HornInstrument'' with valves to modulate the notes, with the long tube coiled in an elongated oval.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cornet' in WordNet: 1. cornet, horn, trumpet, trump - (a brass musical instrument with a brilliant tone; has a narrow tube and a flared bell and is played by means of valves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HornInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HornInstrumentValve ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Corny :wnsense "bromidic1adj", "corny1adj", "platitudinal1adj", "platitudinous1adj" ; :wordnet "bromidic", "corny", "platitudinal", "platitudinous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Corny'' is an attribute of texts or speech that are too unoriginal or dull to be funny or interesting. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'corny' in Wordnet: 1. bromidic, corny, platitudinal, platitudinous - (dull and tiresome but with pretensions of significance or originality; \"bromidic sermons\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dull, :Uninteresting . :Corolla :guid "bd58d63a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "corolla1n" ; :wordnet "corolla" ; a :GroupType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A corolla is the flower's second outermost whorl and is composed of petals; it encloses and protects the reproductive organs, and is often conspicuously colored to attract insects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corolla' in WordNet: 1. corolla - ((botany) the whorl of petals of a flower that collectively form an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth; 'we cultivate the flower for its corolla') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :ObjectGroup, :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flower ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Petal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :CoronaVirus :en "corona virus" ; :enn "corona virus" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CoronaVirus'' is a family of virus species, including those that cause the common cold and those causing viral influenza. ================== Wikipedia Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), and others that can be lethal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectiousAgent, :LivingBiologicalAgent, :PathogenicVirus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RespiratoryAilment ; owl:onProperty :causesInfectiousDisease ] . :CoronaVirusCOVID-19 :en "corona virus", "corona virus COVID-19" ; :enn "corona virus" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoronaVirusCOVID-19'' is a ''CoronaVirus'' arising in Wuhan city in China that causes a novel viral ''RespiratoryAilment'' (''COVID-19_Infection'') similar to but more lethal than influenza.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoronaVirus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :COVID-19_Infection ; owl:onProperty :causesInfectiousDisease ] . :Coronary :pertainsTo :CoronaryArtery ; :wnsense "coronary1adj" ; :wordnet "coronary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'coronary' in Wordnet: 1. coronary - (surrounding like a crown (especially of the blood vessels surrounding the heart); 'coronary arteries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CoronaryArtery :wnsense "arteria coronaria1n", "coronary artery1n" ; :wordnet "arteria coronaria", "coronary artery" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coronary artery' in WordNet: 1. (2) coronary artery, arteria coronaria - (the artery that branches from the aorta to supply blood to the heart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodVessel . :CoronaryThrombosis :wnsense "coronary thrombosis1n", "coronary1n" ; :wordnet "coronary", "coronary thrombosis" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coronary thrombosis' in WordNet: 1. coronary thrombosis, coronary - (obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery by a blood clot (thrombus)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thrombosis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thrombus ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Coroner :wnsense "coroner1n", "medical examiner1n" ; :wordnet "coroner", "medical examiner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coroner' in WordNet: 1. (5) coroner, medical examiner - (a public official who investigates by inquest any death not due to natural causes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentEmployee, :HumanRole . :Corporal :guid "ee4feb48-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "corporal1n" ; :wordnet "corporal" ; a :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Corporal'' is a ''NonCommissionedOfficer'' with Rank intermediate between #$PrivateFirstClass-RankType and #$Sergeant-Rank in the U.S. Army, and between #$LanceCorporal-Rank and #$Sergeant-Rank in the U.S. Marine Corps. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corporal' in WordNet: 1. (9) corporal - (a noncommissioned officer in the army or airforce or marines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonCommissionedOfficer, :Soldier . :Corporate :pertainsTo :Corporation ; :wnsense "corporate1adj" ; :wordnet "corporate" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Corporate'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any ''Corporation'' or some closely related or associated aspects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'corporate' in WordNet: 1. (4) corporate - (of or belonging to a corporation; 'corporate rates'; 'corporate structure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CorporateOfficer :guid "c10aec18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "officer2n" ; :wordnet "officer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$Administrator. Each instance of #$CorporateOfficer is a person who is officially recognized as an officer of a corporation. Common types of #$CorporateOfficer include #$President-CorporateOfficer, #$VicePresident-CorporateOfficer, and #$ChiefFinancialOfficer. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'officer' in WordNet: 2. (183) officeholder, officer - (someone who is appointed or elected to an office and who holds a position of trust; 'he is an officer of the court'; 'the club elected its officers for the coming year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Administrator, :OfficerInOrganization . :Corporation :guid "bd589295-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "corporation1n" ; :wordnet "corporation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: called 'LegalCorporation' in OpenCyc. Cyc: The collection of all #$Organizations which have been incorporated in accordance with the laws of a jurisdiction. Each instance of #$LegalCorporation is a legal entity distinct from its owners and employees, and is afforded certain powers both by law and by its incorporating documents. Instances of #$LegalCorporation may be either #$CommercialOrganizations or #$NonProfitOrganizations. Each instance of #$LegalCorporation organized in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica is incorporated under the laws of a particular state, although it may be empowered to carry on activities in any state. Most American jurisdictions require that one of the words or abbreviations 'corporation', 'company', 'incorporated', 'corp', 'co, or 'inc' be included in the registered name of a corporation. Instances of #$LegalCorporation include #$IBMInc and #$Cycorp. NOTE that this does not have to be a commercial 'business' as suggested by the Wordnet gloss. Incorporated Non-profits are included. @ToDo: This could be divided into ForProfit and NonProfit corporations. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'corporation' in Wordnet: 1. (40) corporation, corp - (a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, :Organization . :Corps :wnsense "corps2n" ; :wordnet "corps" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup'' that is called a 'corps'. This is a GroupOfpeople that are onlyloosely associated by the type of activity they perform, so it is not an Organization and the ''Peace Corps'' would not be an instance. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'corps' in WordNet: 2. (2) corps - (a body of people associated together; 'diplomatic corps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActivityTypeFocusGroup . :Corpse :ldoce "body" ; :wnsense "body2n", "dead body1n" ; :wordnet "body", "dead body" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The dead body of an animal. This type is only for a recognizable corpse, up to the point where it has decomposed sufficiently to be called a 'skeleton', at which point it is no longer a 'Corpse'. A mummy would be a 'Corpse' as long as significant skin or muscle remained. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'body' in WordNet; note that in Wordnet the word 'corpse' is reserved for human corpses - see 'HumanCorpse': in WordNet: 2. (266) body, dead body - (a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person; 'they found the body in the lake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Remains, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :wasOfType ] . :Corpus :wnsense "corpus2n" ; :wordnet "corpus" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Corpus'' is a Group of Texts (abstract or physical) collected for any purpose. A ''Corpus'' may be all by the same Author, but can be intentionally heterogeneous, such as a text corpus collected for the purpose of representing a variety of different text types. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'corpus' in WordNet: 2. corpus - (a collection of writings; 'he edited the Hemingway corpus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TextType ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Corral :guid "c0fbb957-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "corral1n" ; :wordnet "corral" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A place where cows are kept - free to roam within the enclosure - but not free enough to escape it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corral' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cow pen, cattle pen, corral - (a pen for cattle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalPen . :Correct :ldoce "correct", "right" ; :wnsense "correct1adj", "right1adj" ; :wordnet "correct", "right" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Correct' is an AttributeValue of a 'Choice' or of an Action intended to achieve a purpose, or of the result of an Action (such as a measureent). A 'Choice' can be of almost any type of thing (it is a Role played by the Actions or Objects chosen). A 'Choice' that is 'Correct' is a 'CorrectChoice': it is often the result of a 'Wise' 'Choosing' (but may be a lucky guess). But every 'WiseChoosing' must result in some 'CorrectChoice'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'correct' ans sense 1 of 'right' in WordNet: 1. (6) correct, right - (free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth; 'the correct answer'; 'the correct version'; 'the right answer'; 'took the right road'; 'the right decision') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :CorrectChoice :ldoce "choice" ; :wnsense "choice1n" ; :wordnet "choice" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every 'WiseChoosing' must result in some 'CorrectChoice'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Choice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasSelectedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Choosing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Correct ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CorrectSpelling :en "correct spelling", "orthography", "spelling" ; :eng "spelling" ; :enn "orthography" ; :wnsense "orthography1n" ; :wordnet "orthography" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CorrectSpelling'' is the sequence of characters (in any phonetic language) that is the accepted manner to represent a word (spoken word) in some alphabet. This may produce a ''WrittenWord'', if not an oral communication. This is the form of a word acceptable in a 'spelling bee'. RWH: 'spelling': 1. the manner in which words are spelled; orthography. 2. a group of letters representing a word. no WN sense similar to this NOTE: it is unclear whether the only WN synset for 'orthography' rpresents the spelling of one word or the spellng of all wors in a language. It is interpreted here as including this sense,but in this sense it is not synonymous with 'writing system'. . Corresponds to part noun sense 1 of 'orthography' in WordNet: 1. (8) orthography, writing system - (a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concept ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Correcting :en "correcting" ; :ldoce "correct" ; :wnsense "correct1v", "correction1n", "rectification3n", "rectify5v", "right4v" ; :wordnet "correct", "correction", "rectification", "rectify", "right" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Correcting' is the most general sense of the verb 'correct'; it can be a communication to a person who made some mistake, informing that person of the mistake; or it can be an action on a PhysicalObject (including a Text) that modifies the object to remove perceived errors or defects; or it can be any action that is intended to change aspects of a social system. The 'agency' involved can be that of a PhysicalObject: glasses may correct vision. The necessary Action prior to correcting is the ''Evaluating'' to identify things that need correction, so ''Evaluating'' is considered as a subevent - the evaluating and correcting can altenate when more than one aspect of a thing is subject to correction, and going back over again is not uncommon. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'correct' in RHW: 1. to set or make true, accurate, or right; remove the errors or faults from: The native guide corrected our pronunciation. The new glasses corrected his eyesight. NOTE: the Longman vocabulary only uses 'correct' in the adjective sense, but we consider this as part of the Longman word inventory. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'correct' in WordNet: 1. (15) correct, rectify, right - (make right or correct; 'Correct the mistakes'; 'rectify the calculation') WN noun 'correction': 1. (2) correction, rectification - (the act of offering an improvement to replace a mistake; setting right) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :Modification, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evaluating ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Correction ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CorrectingBehavior :en "correcting behavior" ; :enn "correcting behavior" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CorrectingBehavior'' is an Action in which some Agent (such as a Person, Organization, or social system) acts so as to cause a second Agent (Person or Organization) to act in a manner considered by the first agent to be better, usually 'better' for social purposes, not just for the purposes of the agent acting so as to motivate the second agent to change behavior. This includes the actions taken by the first agent as well as the change in action by the second agent that is considered by the first agent to be an improvement in behavior. This type does not require punishment in order to achieve the desired behavioral correction, it can be merely a verbal assertion or a warning or possible punishment. But this must follow some form of ''UndesirableBehavior''. *BUT* Sometimes an attempt at 'CorrectingBehavior' includes infliction of some kind of ''Punishment'' to ensure that the second agent does not repeat the offense - in that case the Action is an instance of the subtype of ''Punishing'' labeled ''Disciplining'', performed for the purpose of ''CorrectingBehavior''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Correcting, :ImprovementEvent, :ModifyingBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :UndesirableBehavior ] . :Correction :wnsense "correction3n" ; :wordnet "correction" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Correction'' is any Object (abstract or physical) that is substituted for another Object by an act of ''Correcting'' - this could refer to the AbstractObject that represents words used to substitute for others, or marks on a piece of paper that are intended to replace other marks (usually words) that were considered incorrect or in error. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'correction' in WordNet: 3. (1) correction - (something substituted for an error) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Substitute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Error ; owl:onProperty :wasaSubstituteFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Correcting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Correctly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Correct ; :isTheOppositeOf :Incorrectly ; :wnsense "aright1adv", "correctly1adv", "right10adv" ; :wordnet "aright", "correctly", "right" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Correctly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'correctly' in Wordnet: 1. (6) correctly, right, aright - (in a correct manner; 'he guessed right') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Correctness :wnsense "correctness1n", "rightness3n" ; :wordnet "correctness", "rightness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'correctness' in WordNet: 1. (2) correctness, rightness - (conformity to fact or truth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Correct ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Correlating :wnsense "correlate2v" ; :wordnet "correlate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Correlating'' is a form of ''StatisticalAnalysis'' that can recognize a ''Correlation'' if it exists, and the strength of the corelation. The result is a ''CorrelationCoefficient'' which can be close to zero. The WN gloss is not exactly the same as statstical analysis, but could include that. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'correlate' in WordNet: 2. correlate - (bring into a mutual, complementary, or reciprocal relation; 'I cannot correlate these two pieces of information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalThing, :StatisticalAnalysis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Correlation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CorrelationCoefficient ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Correlation :wnsense "correlation1n", "correlativity1n" ; :wordnet "correlation", "correlativity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Correlation'' is a form of ''ProbabilityRelation'' that is discovered by specific type of statistical analysis of quantities of data, such as in 'Deep Learning' methods. NOTE that 'association' and 'correlation' do not necessarily imply causality between two phenomena, but are used as one type of evidence for causality. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'correlation' in WordNet: 1. (9) correlation, correlativity - (a reciprocal relation between two or more things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProbabilityRelation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Correlating ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CorrelationCoefficient ; owl:onProperty :isMeasuredBy ] . :CorrelationCoefficient :wnsense "correlation coefficient1n", "correlation2n", "correlational statistics1n" ; :wordnet "correlation", "correlation coefficient", "correlational statistics" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CorrelationCoefficient'' is a number calculated from comparison of two or sets of values of variable measures, to express likely value of one parameter given the value of another, and gives the possible variance and reliability of that prediction. In itself it does not prove causality. Includes noun senses 2 of 'correlation coefficient' in WordNet: 2. (2) correlation coefficient, coefficient of correlation, correlation - (a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation); 'what is the correlation between those two variables?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coefficient . :Correspondence :wnsense "correspondence1n" ; :wordnet "correspondence" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Correspondence'' is a Group of Documents each of which is a ''WrittenCommunication'', produced by 'Corresponding'' ( communicating in writing). NOTE: in WN the gloss is ambiguous as to whether a ''correspondence' is a set of documents or a set of actions. This interprets the WH synset as the documents produed by ''Corresponding''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'correspondence' in WordNet: 1. (5) correspondence - (communication by the exchange of letters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Corresponding ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :WrittenCommunication ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Correspondent :wnsense "correspondent1n", "letter writer1n" ; :wordnet "correspondent", "letter writer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Correspondent'' is a person who communicates by letter (snail mail). This is usually used in relation to a specific person - a Person's correspondent is one with whom the Person exchanges letters. Not clear if ''Correspondent'' in this sense is ever applied to a person other than with resect to another specific person. What word for emailer?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'correspondent' in WordNet: 1. (3) correspondent, letter writer - (someone who communicates by means of letters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingaLetter ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Corresponding :wnsense "correspond3v" ; :wordnet "correspond" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Corresponding'' is a Group of Actions each of which is a ''CommunicatingInWriting''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'correspond' in WordNet: 3. (3) correspond - (exchange messages; \"My Russian pen pal and I have been corresponding for several years\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Correspondence ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CommunicatingInWriting ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Corrosion :wnsense "corrode1v", "corrode2v", "corrosion1n", "corrosion2n" ; :wordnet "corrode", "corrosion" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which an artifact made of iron or an iron alloy rusts in air; this is an oxidation event. This is restricted to artifacts, and therefore can be classified as a 'DeteriorationEvent'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'corrode' and by verb senses 1 and 2 of 'corrode' in WordNet: 1. corrosion - (a state of deterioration in metals caused by oxidation or chemical action) 2. corrosion, corroding, erosion - (erosion by chemical action) WN 'corrode': 1. (1) corrode, eat, rust - (cause to deteriorate due to the action of water, air, or an acid; 'The acid corroded the metal'; 'The steady dripping of water rusted the metal stopper in the sink') 2. corrode, rust - (become destroyed by water, air, or an etching chemical such as an acid; 'The metal corroded'; 'The pipes rusted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeteriorationEvent . :Corrugation :wnsense "corrugation1n" ; :wordnet "corrugation" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Corrugation'' is a series of parallel ''Ridge''s on a relatively flat PhysicalObject. The ''Ridge''s should not be larger than a thick log (e.g. 1 foot diameter on a roadway with a log bed) but can down to 2mm, a touch-perceptible size In WN, only one of the ridges is a 'corrugation' but this type includes all of the ridges. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corrugation' in WordNet: 1. corrugation - (a ridge on a corrugated surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PhysicalFeature, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Ridge ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Corrupt :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Corruption-Activity ; :wnsense "corrupt2adj", "crooked2adj" ; :wordnet "corrupt", "crooked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of people who are disposed to ''Corruption-Activity'', a form of dishonesty. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'corrupt' in Wordnet: 2. crooked, corrupt - (not straight; dishonest or immoral or evasive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dishonest . :Corrupted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Corrupting ; :wnsense "corrupted2adj", "debased3adj", "vitiated2adj" ; :wordnet "corrupted", "debased", "vitiated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Corrupted'' is something has has been made worse by a ''Corrupting'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense of 'corrupted' in Wordnet: 2. corrupted, debased, vitiated - (ruined in character or quality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :PastParticiple, :Worsened . :Corrupting :wnsense "corrupt1v", "debase1v", "debauch1v", "demoralise1v", "demoralize1v", "deprave1v", "misdirect1v", "pervert1v", "profane1v", "subvert2v", "vitiate1v" ; :wordnet "corrupt", "debase", "debauch", "demoralise", "demoralize", "deprave", "misdirect", "pervert", "profane", "subvert", "vitiate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Corrupting' is a ''Modification' of a Person that makes it worse by some moral criterion. This is not the same as ''Corruption-Activity'', which is a criminal act, and in which the Agent is already 'corrupted'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corrupt' in WordNet: 1. (1) corrupt, pervert, subvert, demoralize, demoralise, debauch, debase, profane, vitiate, deprave, misdirect - (corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality; 'debauch the young people with wine and women'; 'Socrates was accused of corrupting young men'; 'Do school counselors subvert young children?'; 'corrupt the morals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, :WorseningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Corrupted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Corruption-Activity :guid "beac1851-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "corruption1n", "corruptness2n" ; :wordnet "corruption", "corruptness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of a variety of actions taken by a Person who has authority over other persons or over distribution of money, taken at least in part for personal gain. CYC: A collection of actions. Each instance of #$Corruption-Activity is a criminal action that subverts the proper, legal, and just operation of some procedure in government or in the private sector. Under corruption we include both offering inducements to cheat and accepting them. Thus types of corruption include both offering and accepting bribes, and the various species of graft. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corruption' in WordNet: 1. (1) corruptness, corruption - (lack of integrity or honesty (especially susceptibility to bribery); use of a position of trust for dishonest gain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crime, :Dishonesty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PublicOfficial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonalGain ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :Corset :wnsense "corset1n" ; :wordnet "corset" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corset' in Wordnet: 1. corset, girdle, stays - (a woman's close-fitting foundation garment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Underwear . :Corticosteroid :guid "c10afd3d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "adrenal cortical steroid1n", "corticoid1n", "corticosteroid1n" ; :wordnet "adrenal cortical steroid", "corticoid", "corticosteroid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corticosteroid' in WordNet: 1. (1) corticosteroid, corticoid, adrenal cortical steroid - (a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response; 'adrenal cortical steroids are used to treat many different conditions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Steroid . :Corticosterone :guid "bfd66bce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "corticosterone1n" ; :wordnet "corticosterone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It is important for glucose absorption and utilization of carbohydrates by body tissues. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corticosterone' in WordNet: 1. corticosterone - (secreted by the adrenal cortex; involved in regulating water and electrolyte balance in the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corticosteroid . :Cortisone :guid "bd898e02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C21H28O5 ; :wnsense "cortisone1n" ; :wordnet "cortisone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The steroid hormone. RHW: 1. Biochem. a steroid hormone of the adrenal cortex, C21H28O5, active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism. CYC: A #$Glucocorticoid synthesized in the adrenal cortex May also be prepared synthetically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cortisone' in WordNet: 1. cortisone, Cortone Acetate - (a corticosteroid hormone (trade name Cortone Acetate) normally produced by the adrenal cortex; is converted to hydrocortisone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Glucocorticoid, :SteroidHormone . :Corundum :guid "c12eb66f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_Al2O3 ; :hasComponentSubstance :Aluminum, :Oxygen ; :hasHardnessInMohs "9"^^xsd:int ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :AluminumOxide ; :wnsense "corundom1n", "corundum1n" ; :wordnet "corundom", "corundum" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An #$AluminumOxide #$Mineral from which the #$GemStones #$Ruby-Gem and #$Sapphire-Gem are derived. RHW: a common mineral, aluminum oxide, Al2O3, notable for its hardness: transparent varieties, as sapphire and ruby, are used as gems, other varieties as abrasives: often made synthetically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corundum' in WordNet: 1. corundom, corundum - (very hard mineral used as an abrasive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :CorvineBird :wnsense "corvine bird1n" ; :wordnet "corvine bird" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any bird of the crow family Corvus. NOTE: some European crows are black and gray, not all black. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corvine bird' in WordNet: 1. corvine bird - (birds of the crow family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :CosLettuce :guid "c1009a71-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cos lettuce2n", "cos2n", "romaine lettuce2n", "romaine1n" ; :wordnet "cos", "cos lettuce", "romaine", "romaine lettuce" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''CosLettuce'' is a type of Lettuce. This is the food, not the plant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cos lettuce' in WordNet: 2. cos, cos lettuce, romaine, romaine lettuce - (lettuce with long dark-green leaves in a loosely packed elongated head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Lettuce-Foodstuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LettucePlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Cosmetic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Beautifying ; :wnsense "cosmetic2adj", "enhancive2adj" ; :wordnet "cosmetic", "enhancive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cosmetic'' modifies the argument to specify that the argument relates to 'enhancing the appearance'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'cosmetic' in Wordnet: 2. cosmetic, enhancive - (serving an aesthetic purpose in beautifying the body; 'cosmetic surgery'; 'enhansive makeup') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :CosmeticLotion :CYC "Lotion" ; :guid "c100596c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lotion1n" ; :wordnet "lotion" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :ProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CosmeticLotion'' is any mostly liquid substance that is applied to the skin and used for cosmetic purposes. CYC 'Lotion': #$Lotion is a collection of lotions. Lotions are opaque, fluid, tangible stuff applied externally on the skin. Lotions are less viscous than creams. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lotion' in WordNet: 1. (1) lotion - (any of various cosmetic preparations that are applied to the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :ProductSubstance, :ToiletrySubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beautifying ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Viscous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingStuffToTheSkin ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :CosmeticMeasures :en "cosmetic measures", "cosmetics" ; :enn "cosmetic measures", "cosmetics" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CosmeticMeasures'' is the content of a Policy by any Organization executive who decide to avoid difficult or expensive solutions to a problem, and to substitute less difficult measures so as to appear to be dealing with the problem, rather than actually do things that can make a meaningful difference in the problem. No WN sense. RHW 'cosmetics': 2. cosmetics, superficial measures to make something appear better, more attractive, or more impressive: The budget committee opted for cosmetics instead of a serious urban renewal plan. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Policy, :SubstituteThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appearance ; owl:onProperty :improves ] . :CosmeticSurgery :guid "c0fd564d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cosmetic surgery1n" ; :wordnet "cosmetic surgery" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Surgery which is done primarily for appearance's sake, rather than functional. NOTE: WN conflates 'cosmetc surgery' generally and a 'Facelift'. This is for the more general surgery (including breast recostruction and weight reduction). This corresponds only to part of WN ''Cosmetic surgery'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cosmetic surgery' in WordNet: 1. face lift, facelift, lift, face lifting, cosmetic surgery, rhytidectomy, rhytidoplasty, nip and tuck - (plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised; 'some actresses have more than one face lift') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlasticSurgery . :Cosmic :pertainsTo :OuterSpace, :OuterSpaceRegion, :RealWorld ; :wnsense "cosmic1adj" ; :wordnet "cosmic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cosmic' in Wordnet: 1. (7) cosmic - (of or from or pertaining to or characteristic of the cosmos or universe; 'cosmic laws'; 'cosmic catastrophe'; 'cosmic rays') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CosmicRay :wnsense "cosmic radiation1n", "cosmic ray1n" ; :wordnet "cosmic radiation", "cosmic ray" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CosmicRay'' is a form of ''IonizingRadiation'' that comes from some ''OuterSpaceRegion''. It is typically of very high energy and may come from ny of several subatomic particles (mostly protons), and can create multiple other kinds of radiation by collision with matter in the atmosphere. NOTE: this type includes a single 'cosmic ray' and the generic 'cosic radiation' that can be considered as multiple cosmic rays. This is adopted because a ''CosmicRay'' is not just one type of particle. These concepts may be distinguished (as in Wordnet) if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cosmic ray' in WordNet: 1. cosmic ray - (highly penetrating ionizing radiation of extraterrestrial origin; consisting chiefly of protons and alpha particles; collision with atmospheric particles results in rays and particles of many kinds) WN noun 'cosmic radiation': 1. cosmic radiation - (radiation consisting of cosmic rays) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IonizingRadiation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlphaRay ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Cosmologist :wnsense "cosmologist1n" ; :wordnet "cosmologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cosmologist'' is an ''Astrophysicist'' who does research on the the origins and development of the whole universe (''RealWorld''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cosmologist' in WordNet: 1. cosmologist - (an astronomer who studies the evolution and space-time relations of the universe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physicist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cosmology ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Cosmology :wnsense "cosmogeny1n", "cosmogony1n", "cosmology1n" ; :wordnet "cosmogeny", "cosmogony", "cosmology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cosmology' in WordNet: 2. cosmology, cosmogony, cosmogeny - (the branch of astrophysics that studies the origin and evolution and structure of the universe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Astrophysics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cosmologist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DevelopmentOfTheUniverse ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OriginOfTheUniverse ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Cost :ldoce "cost", "price" ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "cost3n", "price3n", "toll2n" ; :wordnet "cost", "price", "toll" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cost is an AttributeType whose associated AttributeValues specify what must be given in exchange for something that one wants. A cost may be a quantity of money measure, in which case it is an instance of 'Price', or it may be some in-kind action that a person must perform in exchange. It can also be the effort or exertion required to achieve some ''Goal''. For the more specific Cost measured in monetary units use the subtype 'MonetaryCost', or for something on sale to the public, a 'Price'. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'cost' and noun sense 3 of 'price' and sense 3 of 'value' in WordNet: 3. (17) price, cost, toll - (value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something; 'the cost in human life was enormous'; 'the price of success is hard work'; 'what price glory?') WN noun 'value': 3. (14) value, economic value - (the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else; 'he tried to estimate the value of the produce at normal prices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Value . :Cost-Effective :wnsense "cost-effective1adj", "cost-efficient1adj" ; :wordnet "cost-effective", "cost-efficient" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cost-Effective'' is an '''IntensiveAttributeValue'' that may have higher or lower degrees; for example: 'most cost-effective' or 'least cost-effective' or 'more cost-effective' or 'less cost-effective'. These subtypes may be subtypes of 'efficient' or 'inefficient'. The assignment of a degree of 'cost-effectiveness will depend on how one calculates costs and output. By default, characterizing some procedure as 'cost-effective' means that it is efficient (costs less), relative to other methods of achieving the same result. Diffferent methods of quantifying the costs can result in different scales of cost-effectiveness, as when some 'costs' (such as pollution or other side-effects) may be ignored or taken into account. Robotic telephone answering devices may seem very cost-efective for the organization using them, while wasting time of the other communicating party, whose value is ignored. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cost-effective' in WordNet: 1. cost-efficient, cost-effective - (productive relative to the cost) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EffectivenessValue . :CostFree :en "cost free" ; :hasQuantifier :N_0 ; :hasUnit :dollars ; :ldoce "free" ; :wnsense "complimentary2adj", "costless1adj", "free3adj", "gratis1adj" ; :wordnet "complimentary", "costless", "free", "gratis" ; a :MoneyMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of things that are available without payment of money or its fungible equivalent; having a Price equal to zero dollars. This is the attribute assigned to the Cyc concept 'FreeThing'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'free', sense 2 of 'complimentary' and sense 1 of 'gratis' in WordNet: 3. (3) complimentary, costless, free, gratis, gratuitous - (costing nothing; 'complimentary tickets'; 'free admission') """ . :CostOfPurchase :wnsense "cost1n" ; :wordnet "cost" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CostOfPurchase'' is a quantity of money (in any currency) that was transferred in some ''SpendingMoney'' Action by an Agent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cost' in WordNet: 1. (379) cost - (the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expenditure . :CostaRica a :Country . :Costume :wnsense "costume1n", "costume4n" ; :wordnet "costume" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Costume'' is some distinctive ''Attire'' worn for some non-routine purpose, such as a CostumePArty or ball or for Play-Acting or for Halloween parties or trick-or-treating. Excludes business attire or casual dress. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'costume' in WordNet: 1. (7) costume - (the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball; 'he won the prize for best costume') 4. costume - (the attire characteristic of a country or a time or a social class; 'he wore his national costume') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CostumeParty ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :CostumeParty :en "costume party" ; :wnsense "masque1n", "masquerade party1n", "masquerade1n" ; :wordnet "masque", "masquerade", "masquerade party" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CostumeParty'' is a ''party'' at which people wear ''Costume''s, sometimes focused on particular themes or historical times. Term 'mask'? rare usage? Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'masquerade' (not necessarily wearing masks) in WordNet: 1. masquerade, masquerade party, masque, mask - (a party of guests wearing costumes and masks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Party, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WearingaCostume ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WearingaMask ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Cot :wnsense "cot3n" ; :wordnet "cot" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bed'' that can be folded or rolled up so that it can be easily transported (is ''Portable''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cot' in Wordnet: 3. cot, camp bed - (a small bed that folds up for storage or transport) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bed, :PortableObject . :Cottage :guid "c10af9eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bungalow1n", "cottage1n" ; :wordnet "bungalow", "cottage" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small residential building, and often with only one storey and a few rooms. Create parent with one or two stories and subtype? CYC: A small house, not necessarily modern, that is most likely in a rural area. RHW 'cottage': 1. a small house, usually of only one story. RHW bungalow: 1. a cottage of one story. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cottage' in WordNet: 1. (4) bungalow, cottage - (a small house with a single story) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :House, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CottageCheese :guid "c10089ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cottage cheese1n", "farm cheese1n", "farmer's cheese1n", "pot cheese1n" ; :wordnet "cottage cheese", "farm cheese", "farmer's cheese", "pot cheese" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cottage cheese' in WordNet: 1. cottage cheese, pot cheese, farm cheese, farmer's cheese - (mild white cheese made from curds of soured skim milk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cheese, :Paste, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lumpy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cotton :ldoce "cotton" ; :wnsense "cotton fiber1n", "cotton wool1n", "cotton1n", "cotton2n" ; :wordnet "cotton", "cotton fiber", "cotton wool" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance derived from the seed ('boll') of the Cotton plant (genus Gossypium) that is composed of fibers which are about 91% cellulose. Includes both the ray and processed senses of 'cotton' in WordNet, both of which refer to a substance of the same composition. Distinctions are not yet made (rev975). in WordNet: 1. (6) cotton, cotton fiber, cotton wool - (soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state) 2. (2) cotton, cotton cloth - (fabric woven from cotton fibers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FibrousSubstance, :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cellulose ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CottonPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :CottonBall :en "cotton ball" ; :guid "c1007b49-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''CottonBall'' is a small roundish ball of ''Cotton'', used for cosmetic or medical purposes to apply or remove substances from the skin, or for various other functions using a small quantity of absorbant material. For medical purposes, 'cotton batting' (not yet represented) is also used. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningDevice, :Device-OneTimeUse, :Device-UserControlled, :FingerSizedObject, :HandHeldObject, :PersonalHygieneProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cotton ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :CottonBoll :en "cotton boll" ; :guid "bd58fa21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boll1n" ; :wordnet "boll" ; a :FruitType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The fruit of the cotton plant; a capsule containing cottonseeds and the downy fibers in which they are embedded. In CYC this is a 'fruit' though it is not edible. Favorite haunt of the 'boll weevil'. ??What fraction of the Boll by weight is ''Cotton''?? Corresponds to part (for cotton) of noun sense 1 of 'boll' in WordNet: 1. boll - (the rounded seed-bearing capsule of a cotton or flax plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CottonPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cotton ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :CottonPlant a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of several species of plant from the seeds of which Cotton is derived. The remainder of this comment is From the USDA site: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/cotton.html Four species of the genus Gossypium are known as cotton, which is grown primarily for the seed hairs that are made into textiles. Cotton is predominant as a textile fiber because the mature dry hairs twist in such a way that fine, strong threads can be spun from them. Other products, such as cottonseed oil, cake, and cotton linters are byproducts of fiber production. Cotton, a perennial plant cultivated as an annual, is grown in the United States mostly in areas from Virginia southward and westward to California, in an area often referred to as the Cotton Belt (McGregor, 1976). Taxonomy of Cotton The genus Gossypium, a member of the Malvaceae, consists of 39 species, four of which are generally cultivated (Fryxell, 1984). The most commonly cultivated species, G. hirsutum L., is the subject of this EA. Other cultivated species are G. arboreum L., G. barbadense L., and G. herbaceum L. Four species of Gossypium occur in the United States (Fryxell, 1979; Kartesz and Kartesz, 1980). Gossypium hirsutum is the primary cultivated cotton. Gossypium barbadense is also cultivated. The other two species, G. thurberi Todaro and G. tomentosum Nuttall ex Seemann, are wild plants of Arizona and Hawaii, respectively. Gossypium tomentosum is known from a few strand locations very close to the ocean.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :Cotyledon :guid "bd58c923-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cotyledon1n", "seed leaf1n" ; :wordnet "cotyledon", "seed leaf" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The first leaf (leaves) of seed plants; plays an important role in nurturing the developing embryo and seedling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cotyledon' in WordNet: 1. cotyledon, seed leaf - (embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leaf . :Cough-AilmentCondition :guid "c0e131a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cough" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of the condition in which one suffers from regular instances of the collection #$Coughing. The AilmentCondition 'cough' is not represented in WOrdNet, only the act. For the act see 'coughing' in WordNet: 1. cough, coughing - (sudden expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coughing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :CoughDrop :guid "c0fd655d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cough drop1n", "pastil1n", "pastille1n", "troche1n" ; :wordnet "cough drop", "pastil", "pastille", "troche" ; a :PharmacyProductType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small object which, when sucked on, helps relieve coughing, often by coating the throat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cough drop' in WordNet: 1. cough drop, troche, pastille, pastil - (a medicated lozenge used to soothe the throat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lozenge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoughMedicine ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :CoughMedicine a :PharmacyProductType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substance that is intended to be used to suppress cough, and can be sold without a doctor's prescription. This is a substance, and may be sold in liquid or solid form""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OverTheCounterDrug, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cough-AilmentCondition ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTreatAilment ] . :Coughing :guid "bd58d114-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cough" ; :wnsense "cough1n", "cough2n", "coughing1n", "coughing2n" ; :wordnet "cough", "coughing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single coughing event - a spasmodic exhalation of the lungs sometimes due to a lung or throat irritant. This seems to correspond to both sense 1 and 2 of 'cough' in WordNet - the sense of 'Cough-Ailment' does not appear to be present in WordNet: 1. cough, coughing - (sudden expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis) 2. cough, coughing - (the act of exhaling air suddenly with a noise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :EmittingSound, :Exhaling . :Council :guid "b56bda72-4ab5-11d8-9e77-0007e9162f49" ; :ldoce "council" ; :wnsense "council1n" ; :wordnet "council" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Council-Organization'. Cyc: The collection of all councils. A council may, depending on it's purpose, operate in an advisory, executive, or legislative capacity. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'council' in RHW: 2. a body of persons specially designated or selected to act in an advisory, administrative, or legislative capacity: the governor's council on housing. This corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'council' in WordNet, but may be somewhat broader, as it includes advisory councils. Sense 3 in Wordnet appears to be only for one-time meetings, and long-term advisory councils do not seem to be represented. It may be that sense 1 in WordNet should also represent advisory councils, though it only says 'administrative' in WordNet: 1. (8) council - (a body serving in an administrative capacity; 'student council') 3. council - (a meeting of people for consultation; 'emergency council') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :Councillor :wnsense "council member1n", "councillor1n" ; :wordnet "council member", "councillor" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Councillor'' is a ''Member'' of some ''Concil''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'councillor' in WordNet: 1. council member, councillor - (a member of a council) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Member, :PartyInRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Council ] . :Counselor :wnsense "counsellor2n", "counselor1n" ; :wordnet "counsellor", "counselor" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Counselor'' is an ''Advisor'' who advises about specific problems. This can be a paid professional or any other person such as a priest who counsels parishioners. ~~~~~ PersonalProblem Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'counselor' in WordNet: 1. (3) counselor, counsellor - (someone who gives advice about problems) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advisor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConsultingService ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuidingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Countenance :ldoce "appearance", "face", "look" ; :takesValue :AppearanceAttribute ; :wnsense "countenance1n", "face2n", "look1n", "visage2n" ; :wordnet "countenance", "face", "look", "visage" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Countenance' is the Appearance of a person's face (a pattern on the face). This includes any pattern of the face, not just expressions of emotion. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'countenance' and sense 2 of 'visage' and includes sense 1 of 'look' and sense 2 of 'face' (which are also represented by the be a subtype 'Expression') of WordNet - WN NOTE that 'face' in this sense is usually prefixed by an emotion word WN 'sad face', 'angry face': in WordNet: 1. (6) countenance, visage - (the appearance conveyed by a person's face; 'a pleasant countenance'; 'a stern visage') WN noun 'face': 2. (23) expression, look, aspect, facial expression, face - (the feelings expressed on a person's face; 'a sad expression'; 'a look of triumph'; 'an angry face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appearance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonalAppearance ] . :Counter :wnsense "counter1n" ; :wordnet "counter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Counter' is a 'Table-Furniture'.that is often longer than it is wide, and is not usually used for eating, but in a kitchen may be used for preparing food and in a place of business used for transacting business between staff and customers. These subtypes can be created and the additional detail added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'counter' in WordNet: 1. (3) counter - (table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Table-Furniture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Counterclockwise :isAnAttributeValueOf :RotatingObject ; :wnsense "anticlockwise1adj", "contraclockwise1adj", "counterclockwise1adj" ; :wordnet "anticlockwise", "contraclockwise", "counterclockwise" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Counterclockwise'' is a ''DirectionOfRotation'' for things that 'rotate' in some manner, such as a pointer on a dial that rotates around the center of the dial, or objects or events that move sequentially around some circular group of objects on a surface, such as things passed from Person to Person who are sitting at a table. This can apply to 'turns' at performing some action that are 'rotated' among some group that are an the same plane, where the reference point of viewing to determine the direction is from above the plane. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'counterclockwise' in Wordnet: 1. counterclockwise, anticlockwise, contraclockwise - (in the direction opposite to the rotation of the hands of a clock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionOfRotation . :Counterfeit :en "intended to deceive" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Simulating ; :isTheOppositeOf :Authentic ; :wnsense "bogus1adj", "counterfeit1adj", "fake1adj", "fake2adj", "false6adj", "faux1adj", "imitation1adj", "phoney1adj", "phony1adj", "simulated1adj" ; :wordnet "bogus", "counterfeit", "fake", "false", "faux", "imitation", "phoney", "phony", "simulated" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Counterfeit'' is the subattribute of ''Simulated'' characterizing objects that are ''Simulated'' and also produced with the intention of being sold or traded with the pretense that they are genuine. They are 'intended to deceive'. ''Counterfeit'' is a property of a copy or forgery of some Object whose source is an important property - an antique, a rare item, an item made by some famous agent (person or company). An original would be ''Authentic''. Most common usage is for counterfeit money. Products made to resemble expensive consumer products but made by a different manufacturer ('knock-offs') are have this attribute ''Counterfeit''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'counterfeit' in Wordnet: 1. counterfeit, imitative - (not genuine; imitating something superior; 'counterfeit emotion'; 'counterfeit money'; 'counterfeit works of art'; 'a counterfeit prince') WN adj 'fake': 1. (7) bogus, fake, phony, phoney, bastard - (fraudulent; having a misleading appearance) 2. fake, false, faux, imitation, simulated - (not genuine or real; being an imitation of the genuine article; \"it isn't fake anything; it's real synthetic fur\"; \"faux pearls\"; \"false teeth\"; \"decorated with imitation palm leaves\"; \"a purse of simulated alligator hide\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Copied, :Simulated . :Countering :en "countering" ; :wnsense "counter1v" ; :wordnet "counter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Countering'' is an ''Answering'' that is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s)replies to a prior assertion by another agent by presenting arguments to that the prior Assertion is false, or that the justification for the prior Assertion is false. This is not exactly the same as ''Denying'',in that a 'Countering'' argument is not usually in context an assertion of true knowledge about the thing asserted, but only an assertion that the argument is improbable based on known facts and reasoning. A ''Countering'' argument usually casts doubt on arguments in favor of an Assertion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'counter' in WordNet: 1. (2) counter - (speak in response; 'He countered with some very persuasive arguments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answering, :AssertingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :RequestingOrProposing ] . :Counterpart :wnsense "counterpart1n", "opposite number1n", "vis-a-vis1n" ; :wordnet "counterpart", "opposite number", "vis-a-vis" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Counterpart'' is an ''EquivalentThing'' for which the equivalence is in some respect functional, not in a numerical value. Restriction NOT specified rev1433 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'counterpart' in WordNet: 1. (12) counterpart, opposite number, vis-a-vis - (a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquivalentThing . :Counterpoint :wnsense "counterpoint1n" ; :wordnet "counterpoint" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Counterpoint'' is a form of Music involving two melodies playing simultaneously. The metaphorical usage of 'counterpoint' to refer to contrasting things is not yet (rev1541) represented. RHW: 1. Music. the art of combining melodies. 2. Music. the texture resulting from the combining of individual melodic lines. 3. a melody composed to be combined with another melody. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'counterpoint' in WordNet: 1. (2) counterpoint - (a musical form involving the simultaneous sound of two or more melodies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music . :Counterproductive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Impeding ; :wnsense "counterproductive1adj" ; :wordnet "counterproductive" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Counterproductive'' is an atribute of Actions that impede or hinder some Goal of an Agent, though it is performed with the intention of achieving that goal. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'counterproductive' in Wordnet: 1. counterproductive - (tending to hinder the achievement of a goal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Countess :guid "bed1ab95-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "countess1n" ; :wordnet "countess" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all countesses, or female persons who hold hereditary count titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of European countries like #$France, #$Italy, #$Spain, or the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Earl and #$Count-Nobleman. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'countess' in WordNet: 1. countess - (female equivalent of a count or earl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :HumanRole, :MemberOfTheNobility . :Counting :en "counting" ; :guid "f0d89a14-8ea3-11d6-8000-0001031bfeec" ; :ldoce "count" ; :wnsense "count1v" ; :wordnet "count" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Evaluating. Each instance of this collection is an event in which at least one agent evaluates the numeric quantity of some (reasonably discrete) group of things by assigning numbers to each thing in turn. The items counted may not necessarily be tangible objects (e.g, close your eyes and count to 10 , a mathematician counting the number of primes between 1 and 100). See also #$CountingDevice. SUMO: Enumerating something. The Class of Calculating Processes where the aim is to determine the Number corresponding to the patient. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'count' in WordNet: 1. (23) count, number, enumerate, numerate - (determine the number or amount of; 'Can you count the books on your shelf?'; 'Count your change') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingAnArithmeticOperation, :Evaluating, :SeriesWithoutRepetition . :Countless :en "incalculable" ; :enadj "incalculable" ; :wnsense "countless1adj", "infinite1adj", "innumerable1adj", "innumerous1adj", "multitudinous1adj", "myriad1adj", "numberless1adj", "uncounted1adj", "unnumberable1adj", "unnumbered1adj", "unnumerable1adj" ; :wordnet "countless", "infinite", "innumerable", "innumerous", "multitudinous", "myriad", "numberless", "uncounted", "unnumberable", "unnumbered", "unnumerable" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, :VerbalQuantifier, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Countless'' is a QuantitativeAttributeValue that is also a ''VerbalQuantifier'', a unque type because of its unique meaning - infinite. Nothing else like it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'countless' in Wordnet: 1. (5) countless, infinite, innumerable, innumerous, multitudinous, myriad, numberless, uncounted, unnumberable, unnumbered, unnumerable - (too numerous to be counted; 'incalculable riches'; 'countless hours'; 'an infinite number of reasons'; 'innumerable difficulties'; 'the multitudinous seas'; 'myriad stars'; 'untold thousands') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :Country :en "nation state", "nation-state" ; :enn "nation-state" ; :guid "bd588879-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "country", "nation", "state" ; :wnsense "body politic1n", "commonwealth2n", "country2n", "land9n", "nation1n", "res publica1n", "state3n" ; :wordnet "body politic", "commonwealth", "country", "land", "nation", "res publica", "state" ; a :AgentType, :CountryType, :LocationType, :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A GeopoliticalEntity which is usually called a 'country' or 'nation'. This will be the most common referent for a country in relations in the ontology, unless the government or the area of the country is specifically intended as the referent. NOTE that a Country is not the land area nor the government, but a composite entity: It is a MentalObject which is not a PhysicalObject. A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO is a composite Entity which (1) is an agent (2) claims control over some land area of the earth (3) has a government, which is also an agent. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntity. Each instance of #$Country is a nation-state having its own territory, population, and government, whether or not it is fully independent. For example, #$Scotland is an instance of #$Country, even though it is a part of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland. See also the important specialization #$IndependentCountry. NOTE: 'nation-state' is a term not in WordNet, but is defined in RHW: RHW 'nation-state': a sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'country' and sense 1 of 'nation' and sense 3 of 'state' in WordNet: 2. (257) state, nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic - (a politically organized body of people under a single government; 'the state has elected a new president'; 'African nations'; 'students who had come to the nation's capitol'; 'the country's largest manufacturer'; 'an industrialized land') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, :Jurisdiction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CountryRegion ; owl:onProperty :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory ] . :CountryArea :en "country area" ; :enn "country area" ; :ldoce "country" ; :wnsense "country1n", "land5n", "state6n" ; :wordnet "country", "land", "state" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CountryArea'' is the ''GeographicalArea'' (PhysicalObjects) contained within the ''GeographicalRegion'' ( a Reion of space controlled by a ''Country'' (a ''GeopoliticalEntity'') that is an ''IntelligentAgent') that has a Governmental system that makes laws and determines the relations with other ''Country''s. A ''GeographicalArea'' whose boundaries are the same As those of a ''Country'' and ''CountryRegion'' The distinctions between a ''GeographicalArea'' and a ''GeographicalRegion'' and a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' are sometimes vague in text, but when one 'tours a country' it is the ''CountryArea'' being toured, and when a ''Country' does some action,it is usually the ''Country'' as a Geopoliticla entty that is doing that. Sometimes people talk about countries doing thing when they mean the people of that country. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'country' in WordNet: 1. (276) country, state, land - (the territory occupied by a nation; 'he returned to the land of his birth'; 'he visited several European countries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanResidenceArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CountryRegion :Country ) ] ] . :CountryBorder :en "country border", "national border" ; :wnsense "border1n" ; :wordnet "border" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The intangible line that separates two adjacent countries. (i.e. it separates the areas of two ''CountryRegion''s. This meaning is explicitly represented by the restriction referencing (exactly one pair of) 'AdjacentCountries', a subtype of ''PairOfCountries''. 'South of the border' no exact WN sense for this concept, which is included in 'border'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'border' (between countries) in WordNet: 1. (5) boundary line, border, borderline, delimitation, mete - (a line that indicates a boundary) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :GeographicalBoundary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :AdjacentCountries ] . :CountryCode2 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of CountryCode2 is a 2-character Code representing a Country, using ISO3166 codes. The name of the code, in order to make it unique, should be prefixed by a 'CC2_' string. The remainder of the string will be the actual CountryCode.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, :CodeSymbol . :CountryCode3 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of CountryCode3 is a 3-character Code representing a Country, using ISO3166 codes. The name of the code, in order to make it unique, should be prefixed by a 'CC3_' string. The remainder of the string will be the actual CountryCode.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, :CodeSymbol . :CountryGovernment a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CountryGovernment is the Organization that forms the Government of a country (=nation) and controls the CountryRegion of that Country. From Cyc: A specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntity. Each instance of #$Country is a nation-state having its own territory, population, and government, whether or not it is fully independent. For example, #$Scotland is an instance of #$Country, even though it is a part of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland. See also the important specialization #$IndependentCountry. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Government . :CountryLife :en "country life", "country living" ; :enn "country life", "country living" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CountryLife'' is the ''Experience'' of ''Person''s living and performing their normal activities at home and work in a ''RuralArea'', contrasting with the experiences of people living in an UrbanArea''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Living, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RuralArea ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :CountryMusic :wnsense "C and W1n", "country and western1n", "country music1n" ; :wordnet "C and W", "country and western", "country music" ; a :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'country music' in WordNet: 1. country music, country and western, C and W - (a simple style of folk music heard mostly in the southern United States; usually played on stringed instruments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FolkMusic . :CountryObject :en "country object" ; :enn "country object" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CountryObject'' is the Group of all PhysicalObject within a ''CountryRegion''. This differs from ''CountryRegion'' to make the distinctions clear between a geopolitical agent, the spatial region controlled by that agent, and the physical objects in that spatial region. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :CountryRegion ] . :CountryRegion :ldoce "country", "nation", "state" ; :wnsense "country2n", "nation1n", "state3n" ; :wordnet "country", "nation", "state" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO Note: in SUMO named 'Nation'. Here we make it unambigous that it is the spatial region containing the physical part of the Earth that is represented, not the objects in that region nor the governmental organization controlling that region. A CountryRegion is controlled by a Country (a GeopoliticalEntity) SUMO: Nation: The physical area, not the organization The broadest ''GeopoliticalRegion'', i.e. Nations are ''GeopoliticalRegion''s that are not part of any other overarching and comprehensive governance structure (excepting commonwealths and other sorts of loose international organizations). WordNet does not distinguish between the GeopoliticalEntity as an Agent and the area it controls, so the WN equivalents are the same as those for 'country'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalRegion . :CountryType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CountryType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Country' and an argument restriction for various relations on Object types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentType, :ObjectType . :Countryside :wnsense "countryside1n" ; :wordnet "countryside" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Countryside'' is more rural than a ''RuraArea'' - fairly far from a big city, not close to the suburbs. Vague difference from ''RuralArea''. This appears to refer to ''RuralArea''s generally, rather than to any specific RuralArea. Does that make this a metatype?? Or a parent type??? Or a Group of ''RuralArea''s?? Perhaps. Try using it in the general sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'countryside' in WordNet: 1. (2) countryside - (rural regions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RuralArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :County :guid "bd58e498-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "county2n" ; :wordnet "county" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntity. Each instance of #$County is a geopolitical organization whose territory typically has an area larger than that of a #$City, but smaller than that of a #$State-Geopolitical. NOTE that SUMO 'County' is the ''GeopoliticalRegion'' (a region of space). The SUMO term has been renamed 'CountyRegion'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'county' in Wordnet: 2. county - (the largest administrative district within a state; 'the county plans to build a new road') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Country :StateOrProvince ) ] ] . :CountyPoliceDepartment :en "county police department" ; :enn "county police department" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CountyPoliceDepartment'' is a ''PoliceDepartment'' employed and controlled by a ''County'', headed by a ''Sheriff''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliceDepartment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sheriff ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganizationMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sheriff ; owl:onProperty :hasLeader ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :County ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :CountyRegion :wnsense "county1n" ; :wordnet "county" ; a :LocationType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the Region of Space that contains the PhysicalObjects in a County, and will also include any bodies of water within that territory. In SUMO termed 'County' SUMO: A ''GeopoliticalRegion'' that is larger than a city, usually encompassing several cities, and smaller than a StateOrProvince. Aside from City, this is the smallest geopolitical subdivision, and it is known by various names in various counties, e.g. parrish, commune, etc. NOTE that this is the spatial region, not the land mass (object) nor the organization that governs the area as a GeopoliticalEntity. For the GeopoliticalEntity see 'County'. In Wordnet a 'region' is a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'county' in Wordnet: 1. (34) county - (a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government; 'the county has a population of 12,345 people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalRegion . :CoupPlotters :en "coup plotters" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoupPlotters'' is an ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup'' (a ''GroupOfPeople') who planned together to perform a (illegal) ''GovernmentOverthrow''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActivityTypeFocusGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Conspirator ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GovernmentOverthrow ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Couple :en "two people" ; :wnsense "couple2n", "couple3n", "duet3n", "duo3n", "twosome2n" ; :wordnet "couple", "duet", "duo", "twosome" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Couple'' is two adult people (''HumanAdult''s),who have some strong relationship,usually romantic,or who live together, usually referring to a married couple. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'couple' in WordNet: 2. (168) couple, mates, match - (a pair of people who live together; 'a married couple from Chicago') 3. (136) couple, twosome, duo, duet - (a pair who associate with one another; 'the engaged couple'; 'an inseparable twosome') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :PairOfAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :HumanAdult ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :CoupleOfPeople :en "couple of people", "pair of people" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoupleOfPeople'' is two people who are somehow linked or related. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople, :PairOfAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Coupler :guid "bd58883a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coupler1n" ; :wordnet "coupler" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Couplers are things which play a role such that they may form a connection between two other objects within a larger assembly, for the purpose of transmitting force, stuffs, etc. A ''Coupler'' may only be a part of a larger Device. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coupler' in Wordnet: 1. coupling, coupler - (a mechanical device that serves to connect the ends of adjacent objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :PartOfanArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Connecting ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Coupon :CYC "Voucher" ; :guid "be00a73a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coupon1n", "voucher3n" ; :wordnet "coupon", "voucher" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, :MoneyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Coupon'' is a ''Document-Physical'' that can serve as to enable obtaining or buying of some Product or Service at a price below the usual ''RetailPrice''. This can be, for example a 'discount coupon' that can be clipped from a newspaper or advertisement circular, or a replacement coupon that entitles a person to obtain a product for free (as for example a replacement for some unsatisfactory product previously bought), or a coupon obtained after buying something that allows free or discounted purchase of similar items or other items at some store.. In CYC 'Voucher'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coupon' in WordNet: 1. (1) coupon, voucher - (a negotiable certificate that can be detached and redeemed as needed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialInstrument, :PhysicalEvidence, :TenderObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :One-TimePayment ; owl:onProperty :isEvidenceFor ] . :Courage :guid "bd588403-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Courageous ; :ldoce "courage", "nerve" ; :wnsense "braveness1n", "bravery1n", "courage1n", "courageousness1n", "heart3n", "mettle1n", "nerve2n", "spunk2n" ; :wordnet "braveness", "bravery", "courage", "courageousness", "heart", "mettle", "nerve", "spunk" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Courageousness-Feeling'. In COSMO this is a Trait: the corresponding attribute of someone who has this Feeling is 'Courageous'. Having this Feeling implies that a person has the AttributeValue 'Courageous', and vice-versa. This corresponds to the only sense of 'courage' and the only sense of 'courageousness' in WordNet 2.1: 1. (15) courage, courageousness, bravery, braveness - (a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear) Cyc: Braveness. Emotion of those who show undismayed resolution in presence of evil or danger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'courage' and sense 1 of 'courageousnes', and sense 2 of 'nerve' and sense 1 of 'mettle' in WordNet: 1. (15) courage, courageousness, bravery, braveness - (a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear) WN noun 'nerve': 2. (5) heart, mettle, nerve, spunk - (the courage to carry on; 'he kept fighting on pure spunk'; 'you haven't got the heart for baseball') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait, :SelfConfidence . :Courageous :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Courage ; :isTheOppositeOf :Cowardly ; :ldoce "brave" ; :wnsense "brave1adj", "courageous1adj" ; :wordnet "brave", "courageous" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling 'Courage'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'courageous' and sense 1 of 'brave' in WordNet: 1. (1) brave, courageous - (possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching; 'Familiarity with danger makes a brave man braver but less daring'- Herman Melville; 'a frank courageous heart...triumphed over pain'- William Wordsworth; 'set a courageous example by leading them safely into and out of enemy-held territory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute . :CourseGrade :en "course grade", "final grade" ; :enn "course grade" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CourseGrade'' is a final ''Grade'' that a Student receives after completing a ''CourseOfInstruction'', usually at the end of some school term. It may or may not depend on the sum of individual ''TestScore''s obtained from one or more ''TestOfSkill''s taken during the school term. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :CourseOfInstruction ] . :CourseOfAMeal :guid "bd589543-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "course7n" ; :wordnet "course" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A part of a meal prepared and served separately from other parts of a meal. This is the FoodObject,not the Event. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'course' in WordNet: 7. (17) course - (part of a meal served at one time; 'she prepared a three course meal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood, :Food-ReadyToEat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultiCourseMeal ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultiCourseMeal ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :CourseOfInstruction :ldoce "course" ; :wnsense "class3n", "course of study2n", "course1n" ; :wordnet "class", "course", "course of study" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CourseOfInstruction'' is the type of Teaching consisting of more than one lesson, carried out in some EducationalOrganization and broadly construed as any Group of ''Teaching'' Actions that is an execution of some ''CourseOfInstructionPlan'', whether for one Teacher for one class or for a whole curriculum or for an educational system. The subtypes can distinguish the different subgroups relevant to particular teaching situations NOTE that this is the ''Action'' of teaching a course(s): the curriculum that forms a course of study is represented by ''CourseOfInstructionPlan''. For a course of lectures executing a ''ClassInstructionPlan'' for a single course taught by (or under the control of) one Teacher, use ''CourseOfLectures''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'course' in WordNet: 1. (416) course, course of study, course of instruction, class - (education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings; 'he took a course in basket weaving'; 'flirting is not unknown in college classes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Teaching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourseOfInstructionPlan ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :CourseOfInstructionPlan :wnsense "course of study1n", "curriculum1n", "program4n", "programme1n", "syllabus1n" ; :wordnet "course of study", "curriculum", "program", "programme", "syllabus" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CourseOfInstructionPlan is the teaching plan created by some educator as the method for imparting knowledge of some subject(s) to students, either one instructor for a single class, or by a school or educational committee or board as a recommended group of subjects for study, with or without details of subtopics or methods of instruction. This type is a ''Group'' of topics and facts and methods of conveying information and for testing the success of the information transfer. NOTE that this is the ''Plan'' (an abstract specification) for teaching a course(s): the curriculum that forms a course of study is represented by ''CourseOfInstruction''. The plan by or for a single course instructor is the subtype 'ClassInstructionPlan''. This is approximately equivalent to the term 'curriculum' in WordNet: 1. (7) course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus - (an integrated course of academic studies; 'he was admitted to a new program at the university') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Plan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourseOfInstruction ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :CourseOfLectures :ldoce "course" ; :wnsense "class3n", "course1n" ; :wordnet "class", "course" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CourseOfLectures'' is a ''CourseOfInstruction'' for a single Teacher teaching more than one Lecture on one topic for a period of time usually a semester or academic year but possible a summer session or 'short course'. This includes the collected lectures of a primary school Teacher for one academic year, even if varied topics are taught. NOTE that this is the ''Action'' of teaching a course(s): the curriculum that forms a course of study is represented by ''ClassInstructionPlan''. This is often part of a ''CourseOfInstruction Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'course' in WordNet: 1. (416) course, course of study, course of instruction, class - (education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings; 'he took a course in basket weaving'; 'flirting is not unknown in college classes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourseOfInstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourseOfInstructionPlan ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :CourseOverGround :ldoce "course" ; :wnsense "course6n" ; :wordnet "course" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A measure of direction along the surface of the Earth in which True North is one fixed axis, and the measure in degrees represents the clockwise deviation of the direction from True North. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'course' in WordNet: 6. (47) course, trend - (general line of orientation; 'the river takes a southern course'; 'the northeastern trend of the coast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionMeasure . :Court-Judicial :guid "c08b79f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "court" ; :wnsense "court1n", "judicature1n", "tribunal1n" ; :wordnet "court", "judicature", "tribunal" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Court-Judicial is a specialization of #$Organization, #$GovernmentAgency, and #$JudicialAgent. Each instance of #$Court-Judicial is an established judicial court, i.e., an enduring governmental organization whose primary function is to settle disputes by means of legal reasoning by one or more #$Judges (q.v.). Typically, a court's orders are enforced by some other agency belonging to the government of which that court is a part. The collection #$Court-Judicial includes federal, state, county, and municipal courts, appellate and chancery courts, tax courts, courts of claims, courts-martial (if non-temporary), admiralty courts, courts of chivalry, American Indian tribal courts, and the Permanent Court of International Justice. It excludes Gypsy/Rom Kris courts, nonjudicial administrative county courts, stannaries, and temporary #$Tribunals (q.v.). The WordNet sense 1 of 'court' appears to be closer to include 'JudicialOrganization', the parent of this type, than to this specifically governmental law-enforcement 'court'. However, that 'court' is included in this sense also, so this sense also maps to *part* of WordNet 'court' sense 1. in WordNet: 1. (831) court, tribunal, judicature - (an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentAgency, :GovernmentalOrganization, :JudicialOrganization . :CourtCase :en "court case" ; :enn "court case" ; :guid "86f43a48-80cb-41d7-95c8-edb6d8636f25" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all legal conflicts [#$LegalConflict] that come before a court. This includes civil and criminal cases, but excludes uncontested traffic citations and official duties by justices of the peace such as marriages that do not involve judicial rulings. Legal cases that are worked out between attorneys without involving courts, cases arbitrated outside the court system (unless under court order), and impeachment cases are not included in this collection. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Courtroom ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judge ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :CourtGame :wnsense "court game1n" ; :wordnet "court game" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that is an execution of a game played on a 'court' such as 'tennis', badminton, squash, basketball,. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'court game' in WordNet: 1. court game - (an athletic game played on a court) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GameCourt ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :CourtWitness :ldoce "witness" ; :wnsense "witness5n", "witnesser1n" ; :wordnet "witness", "witnesser" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CourtWitness'' is a Person who testifies in some ''CourtCase''. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'witness' in WordNet: 5. witness - ((law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informant, :Testifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Testifying ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Courteous :isTheOppositeOf :Vulgar ; :wnsense "considerate1adj", "courteous1adj", "decent1adj", "gracious3adj" ; :wordnet "considerate", "courteous", "decent", "gracious" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Decent'' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who is ''Polite'' and not only avoids crude or offensive actions, but behaves so as to make life more pleasant for others, even at some cost to the actor. Behavior that could prompt a comment 'That was a decent thing for you to do.' Corresponds approximately to part of to adjective sense 1 of 'decent' and includes sense 1 of 'considerate' in WordNet: 1. (3) decent, nice - (socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous; 'from a decent family'; 'a nice girl') WN adj 'considerate': 1. (2) considerate - (showing concern for the rights and feelings of others; 'friends considerate enough to leave us alone') WN adj 'courteous': 1. (1) courteous, gracious, nice - (exhibiting courtesy and politeness; \"a nice gesture\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polite . :Courtesy :wnsense "courtesy1n" ; :wordnet "courtesy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Courtesy'' is a ''PoliteAction'' that is 'courteous', making some effort to avoid offending thers or to make life easier for them - even something as simple as holding open a door. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'courtesy' in WordNet: 1. (2) courtesy - (a courteous or respectful or considerate act) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliteAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Courteous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Courthouse :guid "c10af537-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "courthouse1n", "courthouse2n" ; :wordnet "courthouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """buildings which house a court. In Texas at least, each county has one county court and this court, and possibly other offices of the county government, are housed in a courthouse. Often these courthouses are at the center of the town in which they are found. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'courthouse' in WordNet: 1. courthouse - (a government building that houses the offices of a county government) 2. courthouse - (a building that houses judicial courts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentalBuilding . :Courtroom :wnsense "courtroom1n" ; :wordnet "courtroom" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Courtroom'' is a Room, usually in a governmental building, where judicial activities occur, and in perticular ''Trial''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'courtroom' in WordNet: 1. court, courtroom - (a room in which a lawcourt sits; 'television cameras were admitted in the courtroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trial ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ] . :Courtship :wnsense "court1v", "courting1n", "courtship1n", "romance1v", "solicit2v", "suit5n", "woo2v", "wooing1n" ; :wordnet "court", "courting", "courtship", "romance", "solicit", "suit", "woo", "wooing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Courtship' is the act of a Man ''AttemptingToPersuade'' by a some person (usually a Woman) to love him/her. RHW 'woo': 1. to seek the favor, affection, or love of, esp. with a view to marriage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'courtship' in WordNet: 1. courtship, wooing, courting, suit - (a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage); 'its was a brief and intense courtship') WN verb 'woo': 2. (1) woo, court, romance, solicit - (make amorous advances towards; 'John is courting Mary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingToPersuade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Man ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woman ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Love-Romantic ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :Courtyard :guid "c0fbae96-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "court5n", "courtyard1n" ; :wordnet "court", "courtyard" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Courtyard'' is an OpenArea adjacent to at least one ''Building'' and surrounded by structures - walls or buildings - and open to the sky, where people can relax and/or take some fresh air while taking a break from working or performing the other activities that are performed inside For a similar struture that is not fully surrounded by structures, use ''Patio''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'courtyard' in WordNet: 1. (2) court, courtyard - (an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings; 'the house was built around an inner court') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :OutdoorRecreationArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Structure ; owl:onProperty :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Building ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cousin :wnsense "cousin1n" ; :wordnet "cousin" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BiologicalRelation'' who is a child of a parents sibling. A 'first cousin'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cousin' in Wordnet: 1. (5) cousin, first cousin, cousin-german, full cousin - (the child of your aunt or uncle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalRelation, :BiologicalSibling . :Cove :guid "1b6f001a-24db-41d7-91f1-82e7a3fe5fc3" ; :wnsense "cove1n" ; :wordnet "cove" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cove' in WordNet: 1. (1) cove - (a small inlet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bay . :Covenant :wnsense "compact2n", "concordat1n", "covenant1n" ; :wordnet "compact", "concordat", "covenant" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Covenant'' is the written representation of an ''LegalAgreement'' - an enforceable Contract. ?? difference from Contract?? not clear. @ToDo - needs clarification - are nations different? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'covenant' in WordNet: 1. covenant, compact, concordat - (a signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgreement ] . :Cover-Up :wnsense "cover up1v", "cover-up1n", "cover11v" ; :wordnet "cover", "cover up", "cover-up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cover-Up'' is a ''HidingSomething'' that attempts to hide some Action that the hider does not want others to know (generically represented as an ''AntisocialAction''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cover-up' in WordNet: 1. cover-up - (concealment that attempts to prevent something scandalous from becoming public) WN verb 'cover up': 1. cover, cover up - (hide from view or knowledge; 'The President covered the fact that he bugged the offices in the White House') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HidingSomething, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AntisocialAction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :CoverableObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''CoverableObjectType'' is a type of Object that can be covered by some other object - i.e.it can be an object of the relation ''isDesignedToCover''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType . :Coverall :wnsense "coverall1n" ; :wordnet "coverall" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coverall.' in Wordnet: 1. coverall - (a loose-fitting protective garment that is worn over other clothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem . :Covered :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CoveringSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Bare ; :wnsense "covered1adj" ; :wordnet "covered" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an PhysicalObject that has some covering over it. 'Clothed' is the term specifically referring to people who are wearing some clothing. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'covered' in Wordnet: 1. (12) covered - (overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form; 'women with covered faces'; 'covered wagons'; 'a covered balcony') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Covering :wnsense "covering2n" ; :wordnet "covering" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Covering'' is an ''ArtifactObject'' that is designed to protect something (from any undesirable thing) by covering it, or to conceal it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'covering' in WordNet: 2. covering - (an artifact that covers something else (usually to protect or shelter or conceal it)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Covering-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoveringSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Covering-Object :guid "bd590735-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cover" ; :wnsense "cover2n", "cover4n", "cover5n", "cover6n" ; :wordnet "cover" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all objects designed or evolved or repurposed to be used as coverings for other objects. The intended purpose could be to shelter or protect the covered object, or even just to serve a decorative function. Examples include paint, #$Tile, #$Wigs, #$Carpets, and #$Eyelids. NOTE that a Covering is not necessarily an Artifact, as it may be part of an Organism, but it is functional, in that it has a purpose, even though that purpose may be a result of evolutionary provesses. This general sense includes several of the senses (2, 4, 6) of 'cover' in WordNet; senses 1 and 5 are more metaphorical in WordNet: 1. (9) screen, cover, covert, concealment - (a covering that serves to conceal or shelter something; 'they crouched behind the screen'; 'under cover of darkness') 2. (8) blanket, cover - (bedding that keeps a person warm in bed; 'he pulled the covers over his head and went to sleep') 3. (4) cover, covering, screening, masking - (the act of concealing the existence of something by obstructing the view of it; 'the cover concealed their guns from enemy aircraft') 4. (2) binding, book binding, cover, back - (the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; 'the book had a leather binding') 5. (1) covering, natural covering, cover - (a natural object that covers or envelops; 'under a covering of dust'; 'the fox was flushed from its cover') 6. (1) top, cover - (covering for a hole (especially a hole in the top of a container); 'he removed the top of the carton'; 'he couldn't get the top off of the bottle'; 'put the cover back on the kettle') 7. (1) cover, covering fire - (fire that makes it difficult for the enemy to fire on your own individuals or formations; 'artillery provided covering fire for the withdrawal') 8. cover charge, cover - (a fixed charge by a restaurant or night club over and above the charge for food and drink) 9. cover, cover version, cover song - (a recording of a song that was first recorded or made popular by somebody else; 'they made a cover of a Beatles' song') 10. cover - (a false identity and background (especially one created for an undercover agent); 'her new name and passport are cover for her next assignment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :LocationType ) ] ] . :CoveringMaterial :hasShape :SheetLike ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CoveringMaterial'' is a sheet-like form of some ''SolidSubstance'' designed for the purpose of covering the surface of some PhysicalObject. An example is the subtype ''Linoleum''. ''Fabric'' in general will not be subtype of this type, although they may be intended to cover things, e.g. the human body. The 'covering' here is intended to be a top covering, and most such coverings will be specific objects rather than materials. ..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :SheetlikeSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ] . :CoveringSomething :en "covering" ; :guid "bd58c6f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cover" ; :wnsense "cover1v" ; :wordnet "cover" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The set of actions in which an agent places and/or holds a covering over a thing, or applies a substance (e.g.paint,plaster) that hardens into a ''Covering-Object''.; the purpose may be to obscure the thing from view (''hiding it'') or to protect it from corrosion or damage (as by painting), or just making it more attractive (as in wrapping a gift). Very general. In SUMO called simply 'Covering': The Class of Putting processes where the agent covers the patient, either completely or only partially, with something else. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cover' in WordNet: 1. (35) cover - (provide with a covering or cause to be covered; \"cover her face with a handkerchief\"; 'cover the child with a blanket'; \"cover the grave with flowers\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCovered ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SolidObject ) ] ] . :CoveringType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CoveringType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical objects that are subtypes of 'Covering-Object', and an argument restriction for various relations on CoveringObject types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType . :Covert :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Information ; :wnsense "covert1adj" ; :wordnet "covert" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Covert'' is a specialization of 'Secret' for Actions that are kept Secret,especially those performed by government agents such as ''SecretAgent''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'covert' in Wordnet: 1. covert - (secret or hidden; not openly practiced or engaged in or shown or avowed; 'covert actions by the CIA'; 'covert funding for the rebels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Secret . :Coveting :eng "coveting" ; :wnsense "covet1v" ; :wordnet "covet" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Coveting'' is an intense ''Desire'' that is not as intense as a ''Compulsion'', usually directed at something that belongs to another Person. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'covet' in WordNet: 1. (1) covet - (wish, long, or crave for (something, especially the property of another person); 'She covets her sister's house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Overwhelming ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cow :guid "c0ecfd34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cow" ; :wnsense "cow1n" ; :wordnet "cow" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Female cattle. This type is Not used for non-cattle mammals such as elephants. SUMO: A domesticated HoofedMammal that is raised for milk and beef, and is also used for work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cow' in WordNet: 1. (20) cow, moo-cow - (female of domestic cattle: 'moo-cow' is a child's term) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bovine, :Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal, :DomesticatedAnimal, :HoofedMammal . :Cow-FemaleHerdAnimal :guid "bf189402-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cow2n" ; :wordnet "cow" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of female herd animals that can be referred to as #$Cows, such as #$Elephants, Buffalo, etc. The contrast term is #$Bull - thus, a cow X usually implies the existence of #$Bull X (e.g., there are #$Cow #$Elephants and #$Bull #$Elephants). See also #$Bull-MaleHerdAnimal. NOTE: not necessarily Cattle! Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cow' in WordNet: 2. (1) cow - (mature female of mammals of which the male is called `bull') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemaleAnimal, :HerdAnimal, :MeatBearingAnimal . :CowTown :en "cow town", "cowtown" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CowTown'' is a ''Village'' in a Rural area were Cattle are raised. RHW 'cow town': 1. a small town, esp. one in a cattle-raising district in the western U.S. or Canada. This term is sometimes used deprecatingly by elites. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Village . :Coward :ldoce "coward" ; :wnsense "coward1n" ; :wordnet "coward" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """From RHW: a person who lacks courage in facing danger, difficulty, opposition, pain, etc.; a timid or easily intimidated person. This sense corresponds to sense of 'coward' in in WordNet: 1. (4) coward - (a person who shows fear or timidity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cowardly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cowardice :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Cowardly ; :ness "cowardliness" ; :wnsense "cowardice1n" ; :wordnet "cowardice" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Trait of someone who is afraid to face danger, difficulty, opposition, pain, etc. under circumstances where a typical person would do so in spite of Fear; a lack of Courage. A person experiencing Cowardice has the AttributeValue 'Cowardly'. NOTE that the linguistic label 'cowardice' can be used for a ''PersonTraitValue'' or as a label for a cowardly Action displaying ''Cowardice''. This corresponds to the only sense of 'cowardice' in WordNet 2.1: (2) cowardice, cowardliness - (the trait of lacking courage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :Cowardly :isAnAttributeValueOf :Coward ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Cowardice ; :isTheOppositeOf :Courageous ; :ldoce "cowardly" ; :wnsense "cowardly1adj" ; :wordnet "cowardly" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone with the trait 'Cowardice'. There is only only sense of 'cowardly' in WordNet: 1. (2) cowardly, fearful - (lacking courage; ignobly timid and faint-hearted; 'cowardly dogs, ye will not aid me then' - P.B.Shelley) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute . :Cowboy :guid "be0205cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c10c17d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cattleman2n", "cowboy1n", "cowhand1n", "cowherd1n", "cowman1n", "cowpoke1n", "cowpuncher1n", "puncher1n" ; :wordnet "cattleman", "cowboy", "cowhand", "cowherd", "cowman", "cowpoke", "cowpuncher", "puncher" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cowboy'' is a ''RanchHand'' who tends cattle on a ranch. CYC 'cowpoke': The collection of all persons who make a living by herding, tending, and branding cattle. ?includes females?? CYC 'cowboy' (subtype of cowpoke) ?topic of 'cowboy movie'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cowboy' in WordNet: 1. (9) cowboy, cowpuncher, puncher, cowman, cattleman, cowpoke, cowhand, cowherd - (a hired hand who tends cattle and performs other duties on horseback) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HorsebackRider, :RanchHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HerdOfCattle ; owl:onProperty :controls ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HerdingCattle ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WearingaCowboyHat ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :CowboyHat :wnsense "cowboy hat1n", "ten-gallon hat1n" ; :wordnet "cowboy hat", "ten-gallon hat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CowboyHat''is a ''Hat'' that is characteristically or stereotypically worn by a ''Cowboy''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cowboy hat' in WordNet: 1. cowboy hat, ten-gallon hat - (a hat with a wide brim and a soft crown; worn by American ranch hands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WideBrim ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Coyote :CYC "Coyote-Animal" ; :guid "bd58d35d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Canis latrans1n", "brush wolf1n", "coyote1n", "prairie wolf1n" ; :wordnet "Canis latrans", "brush wolf", "coyote", "prairie wolf" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Coyote''s are no longer exclusively found in Western North America, and has become accustomed to life in some cities, including in Eastern US. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coyote' in WordNet: 1. (1) coyote, prairie wolf, brush wolf, Canis latrans - (small wolf native to western North America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scavenger, :Species, :Wolf, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NorthAmericaRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ] . :Cozy :wnsense "cosy1adj", "cozy1adj", "snug14adj" ; :wordnet "cosy", "cozy", "snug" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cozy'' is the attribute of a person who is very comfortable, relaxed and usually warm from being covered by some kind of blanket of huddling with another Person, or having a living space that keeps one warm and comfortable. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cozy' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cozy, cosy, snug - (enjoying or affording comforting warmth and shelter especially in a small space; 'a cozy nook near the fire'; 'snug in bed'; 'a snug little apartment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comfortable . :Crab :guid "bd588831-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crab1n" ; :wordnet "crab" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crab' in WordNet: 1. (1) crab - (decapod having eyes on short stalks and a broad flattened carapace with a small abdomen folded under the thorax and pincers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crustacean, :Shellfish . :Crack :ldoce "crack" ; :wnsense "crack1n", "crevice2n" ; :wordnet "crack", "crevice" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """We adopt the CYC usage for this term, and require a 'crack' to penetrate through an object. For shallower 'cracks' in a surface, use the parent type 'crevice' A subtype of 'Crevice' that fully penetrates from one side to the other side of a SheetOfSomeStuff. A Crack permits things small enough to move from one side to the other of the object having the crack - therefore it is Portal through the object. WN parent synset => opening, gap - (an open or empty space in or between things; 'there was a small opening between the trees'; 'the explosion made a gap in the wall') This corresponds to sense 1 of 'crack and sense 2 of 'crevice' in WordNet: 1. (3) crack, cleft, crevice, fissure, scissure - (a long narrow opening) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crevice, :Portal . :Crackdown :wnsense "crackdown1n" ; :wordnet "crackdown" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crackdown'' is a ''SubduingByForce'' that is severe and attempts to halt all activities of some kind: e.g. crime, protest or dissent. NOTE: this has atttribute ''Repressive''. If that is not 'severe' enough, a new atribute such as 'severely repressive' might be needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crackdown' in WordNet: 1. crackdown - (severely repressive actions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubduingByForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Repressive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cracked :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CrackingEvent ; :wnsense "cracked2adk" ; :wordnet "cracked" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Cracked'' is for a SolidObject to have a ''Crack'' as a result of a ''CrackingEvent''. The ''Crack'' can arise by normal aging, not necessarily as a result of an intentional Action. No WordNet sense captures this meaning: adjective sense 2 is a special subtype of this concept: in WordNet: 2. alligatored, cracked - (of paint or varnish; having the appearance of alligator hide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Cracker :guid "bd58b99f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cracker1n" ; :wordnet "cracker" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single cracker - a flat flour-based baked food object not a substance. In CYC called 'Cracker-FoodItem'. Usually salty - are there exceptions?. If so, we need a default and subtypes. A ''Cracker'' is easily broken, and is therefore ''Delicate''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cracker' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cracker - (a thin crisp wafer made of flour and water with or without leavening and shortening; unsweetened or semisweet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :FlourBasedObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SaltyTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Delicate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cracker-Jacks a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'Cracker Jack is an American brand of snack consisting of molasses-flavored caramel-coated popcorn and peanuts, well known for being packaged with a prize of trivial value inside. The Cracker Jack name was registered in 1896. The slogan 'The More You Eat The More You Want' was also registered that year. Some food historians consider it the first junk food.' RHW: 'a confection of caramel-coated popcorn and peanuts.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corn, :Popcorn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peanuts ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Crackerjack :wnsense "crackerjack1n", "jimdandy1n", "jimhickey1n" ; :wordnet "crackerjack", "jimdandy", "jimhickey" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Expert'' who is sufficiently skilled at some task to serve as a ''RoleModel'' for others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crackerjack' in Wordnet: 1. jimdandy, jimhickey, crackerjack - (someone excellent of their kind; 'he's a jimdandy of a soldier') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :RoleModel . :CrackingEvent :guid "bd58f8e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "crack" ; :wnsense "check25v", "crack10n", "crack10v", "crack1v", "crack6v", "fracture3n" ; :wordnet "check", "crack", "fracture" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CrackingEvent' is an Event in which a brittle object develops a 'Crack' (by intentional or natural forces). This type includes transitive and intransitive senses. This Crack may or may not impair the function of the object. If a 'Crack' causes the object to fall into two or more pieces, it is a 'BreakingSomethingIntoPieces' or a ''Snapping'' Event. This is not necessarily a 'DamagingEvent'' as it may be intentional to produce a more useful object. CYC 'Cracking': A collection of change events. In each #$Cracking, something becomes cracked. I.e., two or more areas of the thing are separated from one another (though perhaps not divided wholly into parts). In order to undergo a #$Cracking, the #$objectOfStateChange must be a #$SolidTangibleThing. An Object that has experienced a ''CrackingEvent'' has a ''Crack'' in it and has the attribute value ''Cracked''. This can be use as of rev975 for transitive or intransitive senses. Includes verb senses 1, 6, and 10 (the transitive sense) of 'crack' in WordNet: 1. (6) crack, check, break - (become fractured; break or crack on the surface only; 'The glass cracked when it was heated') 6. (1) crack - (break partially but keep its integrity; 'The glass cracked') 10. crack - (cause to become cracked; 'heat and light cracked the back of the leather chair') WN noun 'cracking': 2. (1) fracture, crack, cracking - (the act of cracking something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :BrittleObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crack ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ] . :Cradle :wnsense "cradle1n" ; :wordnet "cradle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A (relatively) small ''Bed'', having raised sides to allow babies to sleep with no risk of falling out, and rockers to facilitate a rocking motion to lull a baby to sleep. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cradle' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cradle - (a baby bed with sides and rockers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BabyBed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rocker ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :CraftWorker :en "craft worker" ; :enn "craft worker" ; :guid "bd589efe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of persons who practice some craft, which typically involves producing some kind of hand-made goods. Professional craft worker earn money from practicing their crafts, usually by selling the goods they produce. Craft workers have specialized skills, often gained through some sort of practical training or apprenticeship. Craft work frequently involves some artistry. Craft occupations may be considered archaic or quaint, in cultures where the kinds of products once made only by skilled handwork are currently mass-produced by machines or assembly lines. Examples of #$CraftWorkers include potters, florists, blacksmiths, watchmakers, and goldsmiths.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation . :CraftingObjects :guid "bf761107-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "craft1n" ; :wordnet "craft" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CraftingObjects'' is an ''ArtActivity'' that produce objects that are esthetically pleasing and often useful. This can be done as a hobby, by amateurs, or for profit. Examples are woodworking and sewing crafts. CYC 'CraftActivity': 'The collection of activities that are commonly known as crafts RHW 'craft': (the 'art' or 'trade' part) 1. an art, trade, or occupation requiring special skill, esp. manual skill: the craft of a mason. Corresponds to *part* (for an occupation requiring use of training) noun sense 4 of 'trade' in WordNet: 4. (3) trade, craft - (the skilled practice of a practical occupation; 'he learned his trade as an apprentice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtActivity, :FashioningSomething, :RecreationalActivity . :Crammed :en "crammed", "crammed full", "filled to capacity", "jampacked", "overflowing", "packed to overflowing" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FillingEvent ; :wnsense "chock-full1adj", "chockablock1adj", "chockful1adj", "cram full1adj", "jam-packed1adj", "jammed1adj", "packed1adj", "stuffed1adj" ; :wordnet "chock-full", "chockablock", "chockful", "cram full", "jam-packed", "jammed", "packed", "stuffed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Crammed'' is an attribute of places where people gather, especially of rooms in a building, which have as many people in them as can comfortably be inside. To be 'filled to capacity'. To have more than the nominal capacity would be 'overflowing' (included represented here) ?same as ''ChockFul'? Corresponds to the past participle of verb sense 1 of 'cram' in Wordnet: 1. (1) jam, jampack, ram, chock up, cram, wad - (crowd or pack to capacity; 'the theater was jampacked') WN adj 'packed': 1. (1) jammed, jam-packed, packed - (filled to capacity; 'a suitcase jammed with dirty clothes'; 'stands jam-packed with fans'; 'a packed theater') WN adj 'chockful': 1. chockablock, chock-full, chockful, choke-full, chuck-full, cram full - (packed full to capacity; 'chowder chockablock with pieces of fish') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Full . :Cramming :wnsense "chock up1v", "cram1v", "jam6v", "jampack1v", "ram4v", "wad1v" ; :wordnet "chock up", "cram", "jam", "jampack", "ram", "wad" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cramming'' is a 'StuffingThingsIntoaContainer' that requires some force to get the things in. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cram' in WordNet: 1. (1) jam, jampack, ram, chock up, cram, wad - (crowd or pack to capacity; 'the theater was jampacked') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StuffingThingsIntoaContainer . :Cramped :isAnAttributeValueOf :SpaceInAHOC, :StorageEntity ; :wnsense "cramped1adj" ; :wordnet "cramped" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A space that is ''Cramped'' is ''Small'' in providing people inadequate space to perform the activities they need to perform in that space; this applies particularly for the size of a ''SpaceInAHOC'' that is so small that people occupying that space may bump into or interfere with each other when trying to move around or perform their activities. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cramped' in Wordnet: 1. cramped - (constricted in size; 'cramped quarters'; 'trying to bring children up in cramped high-rise apartments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Small . :Cramping :en "cramping" ; :guid "c0fd4bde-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cramp1n", "spasm1n" ; :wordnet "cramp", "spasm" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of conditions one is in when a muscle in some body part contracts with spasms. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between 'cramp' ad 'spasm' though there is a difference in usage. This type is for a painful and not just momentary 'cramp' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cramp' in WordNet: 1. (1) spasm, cramp, muscle spasm - (a painful and involuntary muscular contraction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spasm, :Symptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Painful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PainOrAche ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Cranberry :wnsense "cranberry2n" ; :wordnet "cranberry" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cranberry'' is a small Berry obtained from the cranberry shrub, grown in bogs. [from the Cranberry plant: RHW: 'the plant itself, growing wild in bogs or cultivated in acid soils, esp. in the northeastern U.S.' WN: 'cranberry' 1. cranberry - (any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries) ] RHW: 'the red, acid fruit or berry of certain plants of the genus Vaccinium, of the heath family, as V. macrocarpon (large cranberry or American cranberry) or V. oxycoccus (small cranberry or European cranberry), used in making sauce, relish, jelly, or juice.' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cranberry' in Wordnet: 2. cranberry - (very tart red berry used for sauce or juice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Berry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Red ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SourTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CranberryBush ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :CranberryBush :guid "bd589a6c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cranberry1n" ; :wordnet "cranberry" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cranberry' in WordNet: 1. cranberry - (any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :CropPlant, :HeathOrder . :Crane :guid "c0fd49a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crane5n" ; :wordnet "crane" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC 'Crane-Bird'. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'crane' in WordNet: 5. crane - (large long-necked wading bird of marshes and plains in many parts of the world) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :CranialNerve :guid "bd6bc956-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cranial nerve1n" ; :wordnet "cranial nerve" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all cranial #$Nerves. In an individual #$CranialNerves appear as 12 pairs of #$Nerves extending from the #$Brain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cranial nerve' in WordNet: 1. cranial nerve - (any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nerve . :Cranium :guid "bd5944c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "braincase1n", "brainpan1n", "cranium1n" ; :wordnet "braincase", "brainpan", "cranium" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cranium' in WordNet: 1. cranium, braincase, brainpan - (the part of the skull that encloses the brain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoneStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skull ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Crank :wnsense "crank4n", "starter6n" ; :wordnet "crank", "starter" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crank'' is a ''HandTool'' that is typically used to rotate a ''CrankShaft'' inside an 'InternalCombustionEngine'' so as to cause the engine to start. In vehicles, most ''InternalCombustionEngine''s are started with electric starters, but when the battery dies, some vehicles may also be started manually, using a ''Crank'' to rotate the CrankShaft. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'crank' in WordNet: 4. crank, starter - (a hand tool consisting of a rotating shaft with parallel handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransmittingForce ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shaft ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CausingAnotherObjectsRotation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :CrankShaft :guid "c05cd4dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crankshaft1n" ; :wordnet "crankshaft" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CrankShaft'' is a ''PowerShaft'' inside an internal combustion engine. CYC: The part of an internal combustion engine that turns linear movement of the pistons into rotational movement, which can then be used by the device the engine is powering. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crankshaft' in WordNet: 1. crankshaft - (a rotating shaft driven by (or driving) a crank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PowerShaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransmittingForce ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalCombustionEngine ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Craps :wnsense "craps2n" ; :wordnet "craps" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Craps'' is a ''GameOfChance'' played with a ''PairOfDice''. Each player takes a turn throwing the ''PairOfDice'' and gets a win or loss. Typically, when one player loses, the next player gets the opportunity to play. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'craps' in WordNet: 2. craps - (a gambling game played with two dice; a first throw of 7 or 11 wins and a first throw of 2, 3, or 12 loses and a first throw of any other number must be repeated to win before a 7 is thrown, which loses the bet and the dice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfDice ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiceGame ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :CrashPad :en "crash pad" ; :enn "crash pad" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CrashPad'' is any place,usually the home or apartment of a frend, where one can sleep temporarily (represented as ''SleepingAtaCrashPad''). This type of place is a ''TemporaryLodgings'' that is not a rented facility such as a 'Hotel''. NOTE this is a temporary Role created by some ''SleepingAtaCrashPad'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :TemporaryLodgings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingAtaCrashPad ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :CrashingEvent :ldoce "crash" ; :wnsense "crash3v", "crash5v", "crash8v" ; :wordnet "crash" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CrashingEvent is an Event in which some PhysicalObject collides with another, and one or the other sustains some form of damage. The sense of 'crash' as making a noise is represented as 'MakingaCrashingSound'. A crashing sound itself is represented as 'CrashingSound'. This sense includes senses 3 and 5 (intransitive) and 8 (transitive), from WordNet: This assumes the in sense 5 the breaking is caused by a collision. Wordnet sense of verb 'crash'. The example from sense 6 seems to be similar to sense 12, perhaps should be merged. Sense 1 - colliding and making a crashing sound - is represented by 'CollidingWithaCrash' in WordNet: 1. (9) crash - (fall or come down violently; 'The branch crashed down on my car'; 'The plane crashed in the sea') 2. (3) crash - (move with, or as if with, a crashing noise; 'The car crashed through the glass door') 3. (2) crash, ram - (undergo damage or destruction on impact; 'the plane crashed into the ocean'; 'The car crashed into the lamp post') 4. (1) crash - (move violently as through a barrier; 'The terrorists crashed the gate') 5. (1) crash, break up, break apart - (break violently or noisily; smash;) 6. crash - (occupy, usually uninvited; 'My son's friends crashed our house last weekend') 7. barge in, crash, gate-crash - (enter uninvited; informal; 'let's crash the party!') 8. crash - (cause to crash; 'The terrorists crashed the car into the gate of the palace') 9. crash, dash - (hurl or thrust violently; 'He dashed the plate against the wall'; 'Waves were dashing against the rock') 10. crash - (undergo a sudden and severe downturn; 'the economy crashed'; 'will the stock market crash again?') 11. crash, go down - (stop operating; 'My computer crashed last night'; 'The system goes down at least once a week') 12. doss, doss down, crash - (sleep in a convenient place; 'You can crash here, though it's not very comfortable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colliding . :CrashingSound :ldoce "crash" ; :wnsense "clang1n", "clangor1n", "clangoring1n", "clangour1n", "clank1n", "clash1n", "crash1n" ; :wordnet "clang", "clangor", "clangoring", "clangour", "clank", "clash", "crash" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Sound of the kind that is remiscent of the sound caused by objects colliding in a CrashingEvent, or by glass shattering when impacted by some hard object. Sound is also a type of Event, so each CrashingSound is caused by some kind of Event, such as the striking of a ''Cymbal''. ('the clash of cymbals') This can be a single crash or a repeated crashing sound. In WordNet, only the repeated sound is represented, as sense 1 of the noun: in WordNet: 1. (9) clang, clangor, clangour, clangoring, clank, clash, crash - (a loud resonant repeating noise; 'he could hear the clang of distant bells') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Crate :guid "bf3c4452-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crate1n" ; :wordnet "crate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crate' in WordNet: 1. (1) crate - (a rugged box (usually made of wood); used for shipping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Box, :DurableArtifact, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wooden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shipping ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Crater :guid "c0f2a35e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crater1n", "crater3n" ; :wordnet "crater" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LandTopographicalFeature that is a relatively shallow depression in the ground, hence a subtype of 'Concavity', and directly in contact with the ''EarthsAtmosphere''. In Cyc it is also a subtype of 'Basin' but calling a Crater a 'Container' seems odd, so that link is not included in COSMO. The subtypes not yet represented in COSMO would be: impact crater; bomb crater. This sense is broader than either of the WordNet geological senses of 'crater' and includes both: in WordNet: 1. volcanic crater, crater - (a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano) 3. crater - (a bowl-shaped depression formed by the impact of a meteorite or bomb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :Concavity, :LandTopographicalFeature, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Craving :wnsense "crave1v", "hunger2v", "lust1v", "starve4v", "thirst2v" ; :wordnet "crave", "hunger", "lust", "starve", "thirst" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Craving'' is an intense ''Desire'' that is not as intense as a ''Compulsion'' and is usually directed at something that satisfies the senses, such as food or drink. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crave' in WordNet: 1. (5) crave, hunger, thirst, starve, lust - (have a craving, appetite, or great desire for) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CrawlingOnLegs :ldoce "creep" ; :wnsense "crawl1v", "creep1v" ; :wordnet "crawl", "creep" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of ambulation in which an animal moves on four or more legs (or on hands and legs, for people), close to the cround. Crawling on one's belly, as through a cave, is also a subtype of 'CrawlingOnLegs' This is usually used for multi-legged animals or babies, but low-bellied things like crocodiles can also crawl. CrawlingOnLegs requires legs; snakes are said to 'creep' or 'crawl', though they usually 'slither', but they cannot perform a 'CrawlingOnLegs'. This specialized sense is not in WordNet; for Wordnet use the more general sense of 'creep' sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (32) crawl, creep - (move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground; 'The crocodile was crawling along the riverbed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation, :Creeping . :Crayfish :guid "bd58b24a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crawdad1n", "crawdad2n", "crawdaddy1n", "crawfish1n", "crawfish2n", "crayfish2n", "crayfish3n", "ecrevisse1n" ; :wordnet "crawdad", "crawdaddy", "crawfish", "crayfish", "ecrevisse" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The WN senses 2 and 3 can probably be distinuished, but not clear yet how to express that logically. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'crayfish' in WordNet: 2. crayfish, crawfish, crawdad, ecrevisse - (tiny lobster-like crustaceans usually boiled briefly) 3. crayfish, crawfish, crawdad, crawdaddy - (small freshwater decapod crustacean that resembles a lobster) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crustacean, :Scavenger, :Shellfish . :Crayon :guid "c10adfe0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crayon1n" ; :wordnet "crayon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Type of drawing supplies, usually used by children. Every Crayon has a color; crayons come in boxes where each is a different color. Crayons are made of wax. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crayon' in Wordnet: 1. crayon, wax crayon - (writing implement consisting of a colored stick of composition wax used for writing and drawing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FingerSizedObject, :HandWritingImplement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wax ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drawing-Depicting ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Crayons :en "crayons" ; :ennp "crayons" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Crayons'' is a Group of one or more ''Crayon''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Crayon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Creaking :en "creaking" ; :wnsense "creak1n", "creak1v" ; :wordnet "creak" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Squeaking'' with a relatively high pitch such as one created by objects moving against each other: unoiled door hinges, wood planks rubbing against one another (as in a floor or staircase) - ghosts in the attic??. The parent ''Squeaking'' referring to small animal sounds is usually of short duration, while this subtype 'Creaking' should be used to represent the (somewhat) more extended sounds of creaking doors or floorboards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creaking' and noun sense 1 of 'creak' and verb sense 1 of 'creak' in Wordnet: 1. creak, creaking - (a squeaking sound; 'the creak of the floorboards gave him away') WN verb 'creak': 1. (9) squeak, screech, creak, screak, skreak - (make a high-pitched, screeching noise; 'The door creaked when I opened it slowly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Squeaking . :Cream-Dairy :guid "bf6a9367-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Butterfat ; :isaComponentSubstanceOf :Milk ; :ldoce "cream" ; :wnsense "cream2n" ; :wordnet "cream" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dairy cream (#$Cream-Dairy) is a dairy product which consists of milk fat that will settle out of non-homogenized milk to float on top. #$WholeMilk consists of 3-4% cream by volume, while #$TwoPercentMilk is an artificial product consisting of 2% cream by volume, and #$SkimMilk being the part of the milk that is left behind when the cream floating on top of non-homogenized milk has been skimmed off. NOTE that in COSMO Milk without any cream cannot be 'Milk'. @ToDo: needs modification?? Perhaps non-fat milk is a separate processed substance, a component of 'real' milk? Or is the cream a component of whole milk? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cream' in WordNet: 2. cream - (the part of milk containing the butterfat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cream-Generic, :DairyProduct . :Cream-Generic :guid "c1007397-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cream" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this generic 'cream' includes ointments as well as the dairy 'cream'. For the dairy product use the subtype 'Cream-Dairy'. no WordNet sense for this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpaqueSubstance, :StickyStuff . :CreamColor :guid "609111ba-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "cream" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :YellowColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color 'cream', a slightly off-white faint brown tinge. This sense does not seem to be represented in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Yellowish . :CreamColored :en "cream colored" ; :enadj "cream colored" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingResembling :Cream-Dairy ; :wnsense "creamy1adj" ; :wordnet "creamy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CreamColored'' is a subattribute of both ''White'' and ''Translucent'' characterizing the color of objects or substances resembling ''Cream'' and not having the colors of an ''Opalescent'' Object. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'creamy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) creamy - (of the color of cream; 'creamy translucent pebbles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translucent, :White . :CreamPie :guid "be995a9b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DessertFood, :Pie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WhippedCream ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Creamy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingResembling :Cream-Dairy ; :wnsense "creamy2adj" ; :wordnet "creamy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Creamy'' is a subattribute of ''SemiSolid'' characterizing substances that resemble ''Cream''in consistency. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'creamy' in Wordnet: 2. creamy - (thick like cream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemiSolid . :Creasable :en "creasable" ; :enadj "creasable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Can be folded over like cloth, but when folded so that the planes of two hinged segments are parallel and the two palnes touch within less than a few thicknesses of the hinge line, the hinge line is retained when the force is removed, and the object is said to be 'creased' or 'folded'. Some types of SubstanceInaSpecificShape like paper and metal foil have this property. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foldable . :Crease :wnsense "bend4n", "crease1n", "crimp1n", "flexure2n", "fold1n", "plication1n" ; :wordnet "bend", "crease", "crimp", "flexure", "fold", "plication" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crease'' is a long straight narrow portion of a flexible ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that has two relatively flat portions connected at a sharp angle. This is commonly found in ''ClothingItem''s such as pants that have one or two such ''Crease''s at the front and back parts of the leg portion. In a ''Skirt'' there may be many such parallel vertical ''Creases'' but there they are referred to a 'pleats' (subtype ''Pleat'') or 'folds'. A 'SheetOfPaper'' that is too large to fit in an envelope is also commonly folded to form a 'fold' which would be an instance of this type. NOTE: the terms 'flexure' and 'bend' are angled parts but not as sharp and not necessarily in a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (e.g. in the 'colon' or 'elbow'); they should be represented in a separate type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crease' in WordNet: 1. fold, crease, plication, flexure, crimp, bend - (an angular or rounded shape made by folding; 'a fold in the napkin'; 'a crease in his trousers'; 'a plication on her blouse'; 'a flexure of the colon'; 'a bend of his elbow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :PhysicalFeature, :PhysicalPartOfObject, :ShapedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AngularShape ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :CreatingAComputerImage a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CreatingAComputerImage' includes all means of creating an image, whether two-dimensional or higher-dimensional, using some hand-controlled input to a computer (as contrasted with scanning a pre-existing image, taking a digital photograph, or copying a pre-existing image file, or having a computer program generate an image). For creating images by hand on a surface, use ''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisualArtActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerImageFile ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalComputer ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :CreatingAnArtObject :en "creating an art object" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CreatingAnArtObject'' is any Action that intentionally results in production of an ''ArtObject. This can be painting, sculpting, drawing, creating woven objects with illustrations, or any other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingaRepresentation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtObject ] . :CreatingAnArtifact :guid "bdb9167b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "create", "make", "produce" ; :wnsense "create1v", "create2v", "create3v", "create5v", "make3v", "make9v", "produce2v" ; :wordnet "create", "make", "produce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. In every instance of #$CreatingAnArtifact, an agent [#$Agent-Generic] deliberately brings an #$Artifact-Generic into existence. This artifact may be tangible or intangible. Chiseling a marble statue, writing a computer program, or whistling a tune would all be instances of #$CreatingAnArtifact. Two important specializations of #$CreatingAnArtifact are: (1) #$IBTGeneration-Original, the creation of #$InformationBearingThings expressing an original thought or idea. (2) #$MakingSomething, where #$PartiallyTangible things are created. See also #$artifactsCreated. This is creating the idea for an artifact, not just making it physically. NOTE that WN 'conceive' sense 1 is also creating somemething, and that something can be any kind of abstract idea, as well as a conception of something (abstract or physical) that can do something useful. See subtype ''Inventing'' foe conceiving of an ArtifactObject''.. Includes parts of verb senses 1,2, 3 and 5 of 'create' and senses 3 an 9 of 'make' and sense 1 of 'conceive' in WordNet: WN 'create' 1. (104) make, create - (make or cause to be or to become; 'make a mess in one's office'; 'create a furor') 2. (40) create - (bring into existence; 'The company was created 25 years ago'; 'He created a new movement in painting') 3. (6) create - (pursue a creative activity; be engaged in a creative activity; 'Don't disturb him-he is creating') 5. create, make - (create by artistic means; 'create a poem'; 'Schoenberg created twelve-tone music'; 'Picasso created Cubism'; 'Auden made verses') WN verb 'conceive': 1. (21) gestate, conceive, conceptualize, conceptualise - (have the idea for; 'He conceived of a robot that would help paralyzed patients'; 'This library was well conceived') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Artifact-Generic ] . :CreatingMentally :wnsense "create by mental act1v", "create mentally1v" ; :wordnet "create by mental act", "create mentally" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MentalObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CreatingSubgroups :wnsense "grouping2n" ; :wordnet "grouping" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''CreatingSubgroups'' is an Action in which some Group of things (Objects, Events, Attributes) is divided into subgroups, possibly by a random process. If the subgroups are intended to each have elements of a particular type or having some particular attribute, the subtype ''Sorting'' should be used. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grouping' in WordNet: 2. (1) grouping - (the activity of putting things together in groups) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningEvent, :DividingSomethingIntoParts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SubGroup ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CreatingaConceptualWork :ldoce "create", "make" ; :wnsense "committal to writing1n", "create1v", "create2v", "create3v", "create5v", "make3v", "make9v", "writing5n" ; :wordnet "committal to writing", "create", "make", "writing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CreatingaConceptualWork' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent performs an act of Thinking that causes a new 'ConceptualWork' to come into existence. Usually this type of Action also causes a PhysicalObject to come into existence, or to be modified in such a way as to represent the new ConceptualWork. This includes creation of art works in any form, as well as creation of new text works, images or Movies. NOTE: This is the parent type for creating both abstract conceptual works and the Physical Objects (including computer files) that capture those works in physical form. The subtypes can be more specific. NOTE: ''CreatingaConceptualWork'' is considered here as a subtype of ''ArtActivity''. \\\\@ToDo1293 Not all conceptual works are works of art; some subtype should be created to distinguish art works from other conceptual works. Includes parts of verb senses 1,2, 3 and 5 of 'create' and senses 3 an 9 of 'make' in WordNet: WN 'create' 1. (104) make, create - (make or cause to be or to become; 'make a mess in one's office'; 'create a furor') 2. (40) create - (bring into existence; 'The company was created 25 years ago'; 'He created a new movement in painting') 3. (6) create - (pursue a creative activity; be engaged in a creative activity; 'Don't disturb him-he is creating') 5. create, make - (create by artistic means; 'create a poem'; 'Schoenberg created twelve-tone music'; 'Picasso created Cubism'; 'Auden made verses') WN 'writing': 5. (2) writing, committal to writing - (the activity of putting something in written form; 'she did the thinking while he did the writing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtActivity, :CreatingAnArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConceptualWork ] . :CreatingaCorporation :en "incorporation" ; :wnsense "incorporate3v" ; :wordnet "incorporate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CreatingaCorporation'' is a LegalAction in which a ''Corporation'' is formed - in the US usually at the state level. RHW 'incorporation': the act of forming a legal corporation. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'incorporate' in WordNet: 3. incorporate - (form a corporation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoundingAnOrganization, :LegalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Corporation ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ] . :CreatingaLiteraryWork :ldoce "compose", "write" ; :wnsense "compose3v", "write1v" ; :wordnet "compose", "write" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CreatingaLiteraryWork' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent creates some AbstractText and usually records it in some physical form, such a handwritten or typewritten text or a commputer file, or sometimes, recording it orally on a tape recorder. This is often referred to as just 'writing' - the thing that a writer does. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'write' and verb sense 3 of 'compose' in WordNet: 1. (112) write, compose, pen, indite - (produce a literary work; 'She composed a poem'; 'He wrote four novels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingaConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractText ] . :CreatingaRepresentation :ldoce "represent" ; :wnsense "represent9v" ; :wordnet "represent" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that creates a 'RepresentationObject'. This is a broad category of Actions, including Communications, Writing, visual art creations, Includes sense 9 of 'represent' in WordNet, but is broader; 9. (2) represent, interpret - (create an image or likeness of; 'The painter represented his wife as a young girl') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :CreatingAnArtifact, :PhysicalCreationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepresentationObject ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Creation :guid "bd58de89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "create", "creation", "form", "make" ; :wnsense "create1v", "create2v", "creation1n", "creative activity1n", "form2v", "form3v", "generate1v", "generate3v", "generation5n", "generation6n", "genesis1n", "make15v", "make28v", "make39v", "make3v", "make9v", "organize1v" ; :wordnet "create", "creation", "creative activity", "form", "generate", "generation", "genesis", "make", "organize" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the most general sense of 'create' or 'make' in that *anything* - something tangible or intangible, or some new arrangement of tangible things, or some Event (usually a static situation, such as an arrangement of things) is brought into existence. NOTe that this may be but is not necessarily an Action of an Agent, and may be the result of any process - so it could also be termed a 'formationEvent' or 'coming into existence'. A Thing may be created intentionally by some 'Method', and in that case the relations to the method would be 'mayBeProducedByMethod', or its inverse 'isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce'. NOTE: both transitive and intransitive senses are mixed here, and some included synsets could be separate subtypes. Needs work @ToDo. Cyc: A specialization of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent. In each instance of #$CreationEvent, at least one instance of #$SomethingExisting (q.v.) is brought into existence (see #$outputsCreated). SUMO: The subclass of Process in which something is created. Note that the thing created is specified with the 'hasResult' CaseRole. COSMO note: an Object (Physical or Mental) produced by an Event is related to the Event by the relation 'produces' and in the inverse direction by 'isTheProductOf'. Includes verb senses 3, 6, 9, 15, 28, and 39 of 'make' and senses 1 and 2 of 'create' and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'form' and senses 1 and 3 of 'generate' in WordNet: 3. (255) make, create - (make or cause to be or to become; make a mess in one's office; create a furor) 9. (16) create, make - (create by artistic means; create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music; Picasso created Cubism; Auden made verses) 15. (9) make - (make by shaping or bringing together constituents; make a dress; make a cake; make a wall of stones) 28. (2) cook, fix, ready, make, prepare -- (prepare for eating by applying heat; Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?; fix breakfast for the guests, please) 39. make - (gather and light the materials for; make a fire) WN 'create': 1. (104) make, create - (make or cause to be or to become; 'make a mess in one's office'; 'create a furor') 2. (40) create - (bring into existence; 'The company was created 25 years ago'; 'He created a new movement in painting') WN verb 'form': 2. (28) form, organize, organise - (create (as an entity); 'social groups form everywhere'; 'They formed a company') 3. (23) form, take form, take shape, spring - (develop into a distinctive entity; 'our plans began to take shape') WN verb 'generate': 1. (14) generate, bring forth - (bring into existence; 'The new manager generated a lot of problems'; 'The computer bug generated chaos in the office') 3. (3) generate - (produce (energy); 'We can't generate enough power for the entire city'; 'The hydroelectric plant needs to generate more electricity') WN noun 'generation': 5. genesis, generation - (a coming into being) 6. generation - (the production of heat or electricity; 'dams were built for the generation of electricity') WN noun 'creation': 1. (5) creation, creative activity - (the human act of creating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationOrDestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FormingProcess ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DestructionEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ] . :CreationDate :en "creation date", "date of manufacture", "manufacture date" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CreationDate'' is the ''CalendarDate'' on which something began its ''LifeSpan''. In the case of an ''Organism'' is is the ''BirthTime''; for an ArtifactObject it is the date on which the assembly process was completed - the ''BirthTime'' may be longer than one day, but this type takes the ending period of that ''TimeInterval'' (perhaps needs a type for the ending date of a ''BirthTime''. \"deathdate\" \"timeofdeath\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirthTime, :CalendarDate, :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTimeOfEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :CreatingAnArtifact ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCreationTimeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtifactObject ] . :CreationOrDestructionEvent :guid "bd675149-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Event-Localized. During each instance of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent, one or more instances of #$SomethingExisting (q.v.) come into or go out of existence. Specializations of this collection include #$CreationEvent, #$DestructionEvent, #$Manufacturing, #$MakingSomething, and #$KillingByOrganism.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent . :Creative :wnsense "creative1adj", "original3adj" ; :wordnet "creative", "original" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Creative'' is the attribute of someone who has is much better than average at creating new ideas, or new answers to problems, or new ways to do any of the things people do. **NOTE** This is the parent for subattribute ''Innovative'', which characterizes a Person who creates something truly ''Novel-New'' To be 'Creative' is not necessarily to be ''Innovative''. The difference is that being ''Creative'', as the things created are not necessarily ''Novel-New''. Being ''Creative'' only requires creation of things that are interesting or useful, even though those things may not be ''Novel-New''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'creative' and sense 3 of 'original' in WordNet: 1. (13) creative, originative - (having the ability or power to create; 'a creative imagination') 3. (5) original - (being or productive of something fresh and unusual; or being as first made or thought of; 'a truly original approach'; 'with original music'; 'an original mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clever, :Skilled . :CreativeImagining a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CreativeImagining' is the forming of a mental image of something that is not only not present, but has not previously been described by others - at least to the imaginer. It is the creation of an image of something previously unknown to the person doing the imagining. The ability called 'Creativity' is the ability to perform this ActionType. All people have some degree of Creativity, but the term is usually applied to a person who has more than average such ability. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imagining . :Creativity :isAbilityToPerformActionType :CreativeImagining ; :ldoce "creativity" ; :wnsense "creativity1n" ; :wordnet "creativity" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Creativity' is the ability to perform CreativeImagining, at a level greater than average for humans. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creativity' in WordNet: 1. (2) creativity, creativeness, creative thinking - (the ability to create) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CreativeImagining ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :Creator :wnsense "creator2n" ; :wordnet "creator" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person (or other at least an ''IntentionalAgent'') who has created some ''Artifact-Generic'' such as a ''ConceptualWork'', or a writing, musical composition, or any work of art, a patent or copyright, or anything else that is an Object of creation of an intelligent agent. NOTEa; the WN 'creator' is apparently only for people,but in COSMO a 'Creator' may also be an Organization or a non-human animal, so the ''HumanRole'' is not an explicit parent type, but ''IntentionalAgent'' includes people as possible instances. Corresponds approximately to noun sense of 'creator' in WordNet: 2. (1) creator - (a person who grows or makes or invents things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntentionalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCreatorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Credential :guid "bd58b0a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "credential1n", "credentials1n" ; :wordnet "credential", "credentials" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a ''Credential'' differs fom the parent ''Certification'' in being more formal, coming from an ''Authority'' such as a government of educational institution whos ecompetence to issure credential is widely recognized. This is also more prmanent, beng an ''AbstractDocument'' that is represented by some physical document. COSMO note: in Cyc a credential is a TemporalThing, but in COSMO it is not, as TemporalThings are more restricted in COSMO. Another difference is that in Cyc a Credential is a PropositionalInformationThing, whereas in COSMO it is an AbstractDocument. Cyc: A specialization of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each instance of #$Credential is specific information about one #$SocialBeing (q.v.), provided by another #$SocialBeing. The information content of a credential consists of favorable, enabling, or empowering propositional declarations. Although each instance of #$Credential is wholly intangible, instances of #$Credential usually have some associated #$TextualMaterial (e.g. a diploma associated with a college degree, a driver's license). A credential may certify that the holder (i.e. the subject of the credential) has a particular skill (e.g. legal bar certification or the ability to drive); has completed certain training (e.g. GED schooling or satisfying PhD requirements); is allowed to do a certain thing (e.g. a travel visa or permission slip); and so on. See also the predicate #$issuesCredential. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'certificate' in WordNet: 1. (3) certificate, certification, credential, credentials - (a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Certification . :CredibilityAttribute :takesValue :Controversial ; :wnsense "believability1n", "credibility1n", "credibleness1n" ; :wordnet "believability", "credibility", "credibleness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CredibilityAttribute is a subtype of ''AssertionalAttribute'' (a subtype of ''AttributeType'' and instance of ''AttributeTypeType'') whose values characterize the 'believability' of an assertion - their seeming likeliness to be ''True''. Each CredibilityAttribute will depend largely on the source of the assertions, but may also be confirmed or contradicted by other assertions or observations. These ''CredibilityAttribute''s are intended to qualify Assertions, but they are closely related to the ''VerbalProbability''s that are intended to qualify ''PossibleFutureSituation''s. Values: \"Controversial \"Credible 'Plausible \" Unbelievable \"Doubtful \"KnownToBeFalse \"KnownToBeTrue \"PossiblyTrue \"PossiblyFalse \"ProbablyFalse \" ProbablyTrue \" So-called \" Unlikely \" Chimerical \" VeryUnlikely \" Simplistic \"ProvablFalse \"HighlyCredible \"Certain \"/dubious \"Incredible?? \"Ridiculous These two hierarchy of attributes with similar meaning can be related by use of the ''hasSynonymousType'' relation - if and when it appears appropriate. As of Rev1345 this has not been done. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'credibility' in WordNet: 1. credibility, credibleness, believability - (the quality of being believable or trustworthy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertionalAttribute . :Credible :wnsense "believable1adj", "credible1adj" ; :wordnet "believable", "credible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Credible'' is one value of ''CredibilityAttribute''. and a subtype of ''TruthValue''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'credible' in WordNet: 1. (1) credible, believable - (capable of being believed; 'completely credible testimony'; 'credible information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TruthValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssertionalAttribute ; owl:onProperty :isaValueOf ] . :CreditCard :guid "bd58ceea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "charge card1n", "credit card1n" ; :wordnet "charge card", "credit card" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Card and #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$CreditCard is a piece of plastic that enables authorized users to spend the card-issuing company's money, drawn as a (usually unsecured) loan through an associated instance of #$CreditCardAccount (q.v.) under a pre-arranged credit agreement. The credit card company credits the vendor of the purchased goods or services and bills the card user (see #$Bill-PaymentRequest), usually with interest. See also #$creditor, #$owesDebtTo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'credit card' in WordNet: 1. credit card, charge card, charge plate - (a card (usually plastic) that assures a seller that the person using it has a satisfactory credit rating and that the issuer will see to it that the seller receives payment for the merchandise delivered) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Card, :FinancialAccountTenderObject, :IDDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CreditCardAccount ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :CreditCardAccount :wnsense "charge account1n", "credit account1n" ; :wordnet "charge account", "credit account" ; a :AccountType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CreditCardAccount'' is an ''Account'' that gives one the right to hold a ''CreditCard'' and make purchases on 'credit'. Different Organizations provide ''CreditCards'', so this is not very specific as to the type of Agent with whom the ''Account'' agreement is made. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (credit card accounts) of 'charge account' in WordNet: 1. credit account, charge account, open account - (credit extended by a business to a customer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialAccount, :FinancialAsset, :LineOfCredit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :CreditCard ] . :CreditSituation :wnsense "credit4n" ; :wordnet "credit" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''CreditSituation'' is a ResponsibilitySituation in which some 'IntentionalAgent' is objectively (this is not a belief) the Agent who has caused some good ('creditworthy' past Event (as of Rev1297 represented by ''DesirableEvent''). The agent of this 'has the credit' for the action The WordNet 'credit' focuses on the perceptions of others regarding responsibility, but this type is intended to represent an objective statement of responsibility regardless of recognition by others. NOTE that this ''CreditSituation'' is the situation leading to recognition (WN 'credit' sense 1 = ''Recognition'')) Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'credit ' in WordNet: 4. (3) credit - (used in the phrase 'to your credit' in order to indicate an achievement deserving praise; \"she already had several performances to her credit\";) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :ResponsibilitySituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesirableEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Recognition ] . :Creditor :wnsense "creditor1n" ; :wordnet "creditor" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Creditor'' is some Agent (Person or Organization) who is owed something by another Agent in a ''Owing'' situation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creditor' in WordNet: 1. creditor - (a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCreditorIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Owing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConverseCorrelatedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :Debtor ) ] ] . :Credo :wnsense "credo1n", "creed1n" ; :wordnet "credo", "creed" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Credo'' is a set of beliefs that are held strongly by some Person or GroupOfPeople. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creed' in WordNet: 1. (2) creed, credo - (any system of principles or beliefs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeliefSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :GroupType ) ] ] . :Creek :guid "bd58a9b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "creek1n" ; :wordnet "creek" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a stream with a comparatively smaller amount of flow than a river-- a very tricky distinction, esp. for rivers with intermittant and variable flow. SUMO: Creek is the class of small streams of fresh water flowing through land, usually into a River. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creek' in Wordnet: 1. (7) brook, creek - (a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river); 'the creek dried up every summer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stream . :Creep :wnsense "creep1n", "spook1n", "weirdie1n", "weirdo2n", "weirdy1n" ; :wordnet "creep", "spook", "weirdie", "weirdo", "weirdy" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Creep'' is a ''DisagreeablePerson'' whose strange behavior causes (some) others to avoid contact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'creep' in WordNet: 1. creep, weirdo, weirdie, weirdy, spook - (someone unpleasantly strange or eccentric) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisagreeablePerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strange ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CreepLike ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CreepLike :isAnAttributeValueOf :Creep, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Dislike ; :wnsense "creepy1adj" ; :wordnet "creepy" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CreepLike'' is a term used for 'creepy' referring to a Person, to avoid duplicating the ''Creepy'' for things like horror stories. RHW 'creepy': 3. Slang. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a person who is a creep; obnoxious; weird. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'creepy' in Wordnet: 1. creepy - (annoying and unpleasant; 'some creepy kids were bothering her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoying, :Unpleasant . :Creeping :en "crawling", "creeping" ; :guid "bdd4cc3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "creep" ; :wnsense "crawl1v", "creep1v" ; :wordnet "crawl", "creep" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A general form of locomotion that is slow and performed low to the ground. This is done by insects, low-bellied reptiles like crocodiles and snakes, and by people when on both hands and knees, or crawling on their bellies (such as through a tunnel or under an obstance), In COSMO The more specific creeping motion without legs (as of snakes) is 'Slithering', and a Creeping with legs is a 'CrawlingOnLegs'. 'Creeping' and 'Crawling' are close to synonymous. Though snakes usually are said to 'slither', they can also 'creep' or 'crawl' To preserve the distinction of moving slow and close to the ground on legs, use the type 'CrawlingOnLegs (which includes people crawling on hands and knees, or flat to the ground on one's belly). This corresponds to sense 1 of 'creep' in WordNet; it does not include the other, metaphorical senses in WordNet: 1. (11) crawl, creep - (move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground; 'The crocodile was crawling along the riverbed') 2. (4) sneak, mouse, creep, pussyfoot - (to go stealthily or furtively; '..stead of sneaking around spying on the neighbor's house') 3. (2) grow over, creep - (grow in such a way as to cover (a building); 'ivy grew over the walls of the university buildings') 4. fawn, crawl, creep, cringe, cower, grovel - (show submission or fear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :Locomotion-SolidSurface, :LocomotionEvent-Animal . :Creepy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Uneasiness ; :wnsense "creepy-crawly1adj", "creepy2adj" ; :wordnet "creepy", "creepy-crawly" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'creepy': 1. having or causing a creeping sensation of the skin, as from horror or fear: a creepy ghost story. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'creepy' in Wordnet: 2. creepy, creepy-crawly - (causing a sensation as of things crawling on your skin; 'a creepy story'; 'I had a creepy-crawly feeling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpleasant . :Cremating :wnsense "cremate1n", "cremation1n" ; :wordnet "cremate", "cremation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cremating is ''Incinerating'' of an Animal's body (usually a dead one). The burning of a body in a house fire will be included in this (until a distinct type is created, probably a parent type) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cremate' in WordNet: 1. (1) cremate - (reduce to ashes; 'Cremate a corpse') WN noun ''cremation': 1. cremation - (the incineration of a dead body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Incinerating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FuneraryAshes ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CrescentMoon :en "crescent moon", "first quarter moon", "last quarter moon", "moon's crescent" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CrescentMoon'' is a ''View'' (a LightPropagationEvent) that is produced by the EarthsMoon when it in its first or last 'quarter'. RHW 'crescent' 3.a: the figure of the moon in its first or last quarter, resembling a segment of a ring tapering to points at the ends """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoonLight ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsMoon ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasVisibleTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :ResidentsAtTime ] . :CrescentShaped :wnsense "crescent-shaped1adj", "crescent1adj", "crescent1n", "lunate1adj", "semilunar1adj" ; :wordnet "crescent", "crescent-shaped", "lunate", "semilunar" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a two- or three-dimensional object that has a two-dimensional cross-section that is an arc of a circle less than one-half the full circle, with some thickness to the line that is usually greater toward the middle of the shape. This is the shape of the crescent phase of the moon. Three-dimensional Physical objects that are 'CrescentShaped' are usually only very approximately shaped like a true crescent, for example a Banana or a croissant. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and part of noun sense 1 (not an object that is crescent-shaped) of 'crescent' in WordNet: WN noun 'crescent': 1. crescent - (any shape resembling the curved shape of the moon in its first or last quarters) WN adj 'crescent': 1. crescent, crescent-shaped, semilunar, lunate - (resembling the new moon in shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curved . :Crested :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart :HeadCrest ; :wnsense "crested2adj", "topknotted1adj", "tufted3adj" ; :wordnet "crested", "topknotted", "tufted" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Crested'' is an attribute of animals having a ''HeadCrest''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'crested' in Wordnet: 2. crested, topknotted, tufted - ((of a bird or animal) having a usually ornamental tuft or process on the head; often used in combination; 'golden crested'; 'crested iris'; 'crested oriole'; 'tufted duck'; 'tufted loosestrife') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Crevasse :guid "c0fd4edf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crevasse1n" ; :wordnet "crevasse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large crack in a stone object or a glacier. It is at least as long as a person. They are a hazard for mountain climbers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crevasse' in WordNet: 1. crevasse - (a deep fissure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crevice-Topographical, :DangerousTangibleThing . :Crevice :guid "c0fcdf4c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "crack" ; :wnsense "crack1n", "cranny1n", "crevice1n", "fissure1n", "fissure2n" ; :wordnet "crack", "cranny", "crevice", "fissure" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes things called 'crack'. The Wordnet distinction between crevices that do not penetrate and those that do is represented in COSMO by a 'Crevice' as including both types of fissure, and its subtype 'Crack' including only the kind that penetrates through. This parent type includes both senses. CYC: The collection of all long, slender cavities or cracks or furrows in otherwise solid objects. The width of a crevice is significantly less than its length. The depth of a crevice is often greater than its width, and is never significantly less than its width. In WordNet the two senses of 'crevice' appear to differ only in that sense 2 is an opening, and therefore penetrates through to the far side - presumably of a SheetOfSomeStuff. This type includes both WN senses and the 'penetrating' sense is represented by subtype ''Crack'' in WordNet: 1. crevice, cranny, crack, fissure, chap - (a long narrow depression in a surface) WN => depression, impression, imprint - (a concavity in a surface WN produced by pressing; 'he left the impression of his fingers WN in the soft mud') 2. crack, cleft, crevice, fissure, scissure - (a long narrow opening) WN => opening, gap - (an open or empty space in or between things; WN 'there was a small opening between the trees'; WN 'the explosion made a gap in the wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :LongAndThinThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasLocation ] . :Crevice-Topographical :en "crevice" ; :enn "crevice" ; :guid "bf4d23f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of topographical features characterized by long, slender cavities or cracks or furrows. The width of a crevice is significantly less than its length. The depth of a crevice is often greater than its width, and is never significantly less than its width. For a large fissure see subtype ''Crevasse''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crevice, :Gap-Topographical, :LandTopographicalFeature, :Valley . :Crew :wnsense "crew1n", "crew2n", "crew4n" ; :wordnet "crew" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfPeople'' who work together, usually in a common location, to achieve a common goal. This is a broad sense, and can be informal or highly structured, paid or unpaid. Includes 'crews' in a rowing race, transportation crews (train, airplane, boat) or an ad hoc group working together temporarily on some project of common interest. Sense 2 has a separately represented subtype as ''ProductionCrew'' (for movies or plays). Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'crew' in WordNet: 1. (15) crew - (the men who man a ship or aircraft) 2. (4) gang, crew, work party - (an organized group of workmen) 4. crew - (the team of men manning a racing shell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :CrewCut :wnsense "crew cut1n", "flattop1n" ; :wordnet "crew cut", "flattop" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crew'' is a ''HairCut'' (the Hair as a substance) in which the hair is cut short so that the ends of the top vertical strands are aligned flat, and are horizontal when a Person with a ''Crewcut'' (usually a man) is standing upright. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crew cut' in WordNet: 1. crew cut, flattop - (a closely cropped haircut; usually for men) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairCut, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingHair ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Crib :wnsense "crib1n" ; :wordnet "crib" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A (relatively) small ''Bed'', having raised sides to allow babies to sleep with no risk of falling out. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crib' in Wordnet: 1. (3) crib, cot - (baby bed with high sides made of slats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BabyBed . :Cricket :guid "bd5900a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cricket1n" ; :wordnet "cricket" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The small insect that makes chirping noises by rubbing its forewings together. Called 'Cricket-Insect' in Cyc. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'cricket' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cricket - (leaping insect; male makes chirping noises by rubbing the forewings together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect, :Vermin . :Cricket-TheGame :guid "bd5900a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cricket" ; :wnsense "cricket2n" ; :wordnet "cricket" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The game of cricket as played in the UK. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'cricket' in Wordnet: 2. cricket - (a game played with a ball and bat by two teams of 11 players; teams take turns trying to score runs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport . :CricketEquipment :wnsense "cricket equipment1n" ; :wordnet "cricket equipment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CricketEquipment'' is any ArtifactObject that is designed to beused in ''\"Cricket-TheGame\". This is one item of equipment used in Cricket. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cricket equipment' in WordNet: 1. cricket equipment - (sports equipment used in playing cricket) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEquipment, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cricket-TheGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Crime :en "criminal act", "criminal action" ; :guid "c10aeb0c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "crime" ; :wnsense "crime1n" ; :wordnet "crime" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that violates some Criminal Law. This is a ProblemSituation because it becomes the task of a law enforcement agency to solve the crime. For violations of Civil Law (e.g. monetary torts) use the parent 'IllegalAction'. This can be performed by a Person or by an Organization or Group of people. Cyc (CriminalAct): A collection of actions. Each instance of #$CriminalAct is an action which is illegal in the context, or jurisdiction, in which it is performed. For a broader concept, see also #$ActsCommonlyConsideredCriminal. In SUMO called 'CriminalAction' SUMO; Any IntentionalProcess that violates a Law. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crime' in WordNet: 1. (18) crime, law-breaking - ((criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act; 'a long record of crimes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AntisocialAction, :IllegalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Criminal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProblemSituation ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Criminal :en "perp" ; :enn "perp" ; :guid "bd58c8bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "criminal" ; :wnsense "criminal1n", "crook1n", "culprit1n", "felon1n", "malefactor1n", "outlaw1n", "perpetrator1n" ; :wordnet "criminal", "crook", "culprit", "felon", "malefactor", "outlaw", "perpetrator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: someone who has committed a Crime (which is called 'CriminalAct' in Cyc). Cyc: The collection of all individuals who have performed an instance of #$CriminalAct. NOTE: ''Outlaw'' is a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'criminal' in WordNet: 1. (12) criminal, felon, crook, outlaw, malefactor - (someone who has committed (or been legally convicted of) a crime) WN noun 'perpetrator': 1. perpetrator, culprit - (someone who perpetrates wrongdoing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadGuy, :Wrongdoer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Crime ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crime ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :CriminalCaseDecision :ldoce "decision" ; :wnsense "decision1n" ; :wordnet "decision" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CriminalCaseDecision'' is a ''LegalDecision'' (a Judgment, a Belief) arrived at by a Judge after some ''CriminalTrial'' Event. This is described in either a ''ConvictionJudgment'' (a ''LinguisticAssertion'') or an ''Acquittal'' issued by the ''Judge''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalDecision, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ; owl:someValuesFrom :Judge ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CriminalTrial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ConvictionJudgment :Acquittal ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :AccusedCriminal ] . :CriminalGang :guid "bd687c18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gang1n", "mob3n", "pack4n", "ring5n" ; :wordnet "gang", "mob", "pack", "ring" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any gang of any size primarily organized to perform criminal activities. Corresponds to part of noun senses 1 of 'gang' in WordNet: 1. (7) gang, pack, ring, mob - (an association of criminals; 'police tried to break up the gang'; 'a pack of thieves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gang . :CriminalInvestigationEvent :guid "bde712c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "investigation1n", "probe1n" ; :wordnet "investigation", "probe" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of instances of #$LawEnforcementEvent: specifically, the collection of all formal criminal investigations carried out by a law enforcement agency of some type. All include as a #$subEvents some instance of #$CrimeDetectionActivity. The scope of an instance of #$CriminalInvestigation is broader than just the activities carried out to detect the crime, however: it also includes the effort to identify and prosecute the perpetrator, the bureacratic procedures that accompany the investigation, and the actual arrest of the perpetrator, in cases where the investigation culminates in such. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'investigation' (done by a law enforcement agent) in WordNet: 1. (16) probe, investigation - (an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities; 'there was a congressional probe into the scandal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Investigation, :LawEnforcementActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Interrogating ] . :CriminalProceding :en "criminal proceeding" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CriminalProceding is a LegalAction in which a government organization with the proper authority files criminal charges against a defendent, and all subsequent actions in the same case. This is not restricted to the court case, it can include as subtypes an 'arraignment. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crime ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prosecution ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :CriminalRecord :ldoce "record" ; :wnsense "criminal record1n", "record6n" ; :wordnet "criminal record", "record" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CriminalRecord'' is a 'PerformanceRecord' describing the crimes committed by one Person (or in an extended sense, the criminal prosecutions that have been recorded).. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'criminal record' in WordNet: 1. criminal record, record - (a list of crimes for which an accused person has been previously convicted; 'he ruled that the criminal record of the defendant could not be disclosed to the court'; 'the prostitute had a record a mile long') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, :PerformanceRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :CodeSymbol ] . :CriminalTrial :en "criminal trial" ; :guid "bd62e0c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Trial-Criminal': A trial in which a court determines whether the defendent is guilty as charged, and, if so, the punishment the defendent is to receive. Specify who is being tried using ''hadAffectedAgent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CriminalProceding, :Trial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :AccusedCriminal ] . :Cringeworthy :en "cringeworthy" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Embarrassment ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cringeworthy'' is a property of an Action that causes an observer to (metaphorically) 'cringe' in embarrassment, either for him/herself or in sympathy with the person performing the embarrassing Action (even though that person may not realize how embarrassing it is). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Embarrassing . :Cringing :wnsense "cringe1v", "flinch1v", "funk1v", "quail1v", "recoil1v", "shrink2v", "squinch2v", "wince1v" ; :wordnet "cringe", "flinch", "funk", "quail", "recoil", "shrink", "squinch", "wince" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cringing'' is usually involuntary, but may be voluntary when observing something that is distressing, and in that case may express an emotion of dislike or sympathy. This also includes a motion of 'shrnking', moving backward a litle, for fear of being harmed. That sense may be distinguishable - closer to ''Fear' than disappoval or distress. RHW: 1. to shrink, bend, or crouch, esp. in fear or servility; cower. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cringe' in WordNet: 1. (2) flinch, squinch, funk, cringe, shrink, wince, recoil, quail - (draw back, as with fear or pain; 'she flinched when they showed the slaughtering of the calf') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :JerkingMotion, :MotionInPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Perceiving ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Cripple :en "lame person" ; :wnsense "cripple1n" ; :wordnet "cripple" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cripple'' is a ''HandicappedPerson'' .who has some form of ''Disability'' that makes walking difficult (i.e. has a ''WalkingImpairment''). This includes total inability to walk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cripple' in WordNet: 1. (1) cripple - (someone who is unable to walk normally because of an injury or disability to the legs or back) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandicappedPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lame ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WalkingImpairment ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent ] . :Crippling :wnsense "cripple2v", "lame1v" ; :wordnet "cripple", "lame" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Crippling'' includes the transitive and intransitive senses of 'crippling' - causing crippling or becoming crippled. These can be distinguished, but that is left fot a future revision. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'cripple' in WordNet: 2. cripple, lame - (deprive of the use of a limb, especially a leg; 'The accident has crippled her for life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disabling, :IncurringAnInjury, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lame ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cripple ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Casualty ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :Crisis :wnsense "crisis1n", "crisis2n" ; :wordnet "crisis" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crisis'' is a ''DangerousSituation'' that may last from one hour (for a health crisis) to several years (usually), and present a possibility of great loss. To be a ''Crisis'' it should last long enough to allow some time for decision-making, and should resolve soon enough that it doesn't become a normal situation. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'crisis' in WordNet: 1. (9) crisis - (an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty; 'they went bankrupt during the economic crisis') 2. (8) crisis - (a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something; 'after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousSituation, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreeYears ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDuration ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneHour ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDuration ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abnormal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infrequent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CrissCross :wnsense "crisscross1n" ; :wordnet "crisscross" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CrissCross'' is a ''Group'' where the dominant pattern has lines crossing over each other at some angle. This is for PhysicalObjects; a ''CrissCrossed'' solid object, or a pattern on a surface. In order to form a ''CrissCross' one needs at least four lines, two approximately parallel in each of two or more separate directions. This is a Group, and to be complete, the Group needs to specify the angles at which the lines cross, whether they are in two or more dimensions, and whether they are straight or curved. @ToDo: use a 'long and thin' type to collect classes of things that can be used? Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'crisscross' in Wordnet; this is not only for markings, but also for solid objects: in WordNet: 1. crisscross, cross, mark - (a marking that consists of lines that cross each other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrissCrossPattern ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrissCrossed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "4" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Line-Generic :LongAndThinObject :PhysicalObjectType :BarOrWireType ) ] ] . :CrissCrossPattern a :GroupType, :ShapeType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CrissCrossPattern'' is a 'PatternOfLines' in which there are at least four lines, two of which cross the other two at an angle. This is a 'Pattern'' that can be 'had' by Objects and surfaces. See ''CrissCrossed''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PatternOfLines, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Line-Generic :LongAndThinObject ) ] ] . :CrissCrossed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :CrissCrossPattern ; :wnsense "striped1adj" ; :wordnet "striped" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of a surface (usually a flat surface that may be only a portion of an object) or of an object that has several ''Lines'' crossing each other, i.e. having a ''CrissCross'' pattern in two or more dimensions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceAttributeValue . :Critic :wnsense "critic1n", "critic2n" ; :wordnet "critic" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Critic'' is a Person, not necessarily a professional critic, who provides a public evaluation of the merits or demerits of something. The professional 'critic' would be a subtype.. Includes to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'critic' in WordNet: 1. (6) critic - (a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art) 2. (2) critic - (anyone who expresses a reasoned judgment of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Critiquing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Critical :pertainsTo :Criticism, :Criticism-Genre, :Criticizing, :Critique, :Critiquing ; :wnsense "appraising1adj", "critical3adj", "critical7adj", "evaluative1adj" ; :wordnet "appraising", "critical", "evaluative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Critical'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Criticism'' or the generic type of writing in which 'criticism' in the sense of blaming or mere evaluation (distinguishable, but conflated here) is expressed. Includes adjective senses 3 and 7 of 'critical' and sense 1 of 'evaluative' in WordNet: 3. (5) critical - (characterized by careful evaluation and judgment; 'a critical reading'; 'a critical dissertation'; 'a critical analysis of Melville's writings') 7. critical - (of or involving or characteristic of critics or criticism; 'critical acclaim') WN adj 'evaluative': 1. (1) appraising, evaluative - (exercising or involving careful evaluations; 'looked him over with an appraising eye'; 'the literary judge uses many evaluative terms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :Uncomplimentary . :CriticalCrossroads :wnsense "critical point1n", "crossroads2n", "juncture2n" ; :wordnet "critical point", "crossroads", "juncture" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CriticalCrossroads'' is a ''Crisis'' where a decision must be made that could lead to a good outcome or a disaster. The 'need for a decison' is represented by the relation:''requiresResource'' ''Decision''. The meaning of that ObjectProperty is being stretched here. Perhaps a different property could be used, or a new one needed?? 'necessitates'?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'crossroads' in WordNet: 2. (1) juncture, critical point, crossroads - (a crisis situation or point in time when a critical decision must be made; 'at that juncture he had no idea what to do'; 'he must be made to realize that the company stands at a critical point') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crisis, :CriticalJuncture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decision ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :CriticalJuncture :ldoce "occasion" ; :wnsense "juncture1n", "occasion1n" ; :wordnet "juncture", "occasion" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CriticalJuncture'' is an 'Occasion' that occurs between two Events and may require some decision to decide how to proceed. Vague, and to be useful will need more elaboration and examples. This may not be distinguishable from subtype ''CrtiticalCrossroads'', unless the need to make a deicision is considered as the attribute that makes a ''CrtiticalCrossroads''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'juncture' in WordNet: 1. (14) juncture, occasion - (an event that occurs at a critical time; 'at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave'; 'it was needed only on special occasions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occasion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfEvents ; owl:onProperty :connects ] . :Critically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Critical ; :wnsense "critically1adv" ; :wordnet "critically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Critically'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the action modified was performed in a ''Critical'' manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'critically' in WordNet: 1. (3) critically - (in a critical manner; 'this must be examined critically') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Criticism :wnsense "criticism1n", "unfavorable judgment1n" ; :wordnet "criticism", "unfavorable judgment" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Criticism' is a 'LinguisticAssertion' that represents the propositional content of a 'Criticizing'. Many different types of things can be criticised. A ''Criticism'' can be mild; for strong criticism use the subtype ''Denouncing'' or ''Condemning''. Appears to include all or parts of senses 1,2, and 3 of 'criticism' in WordNet (senses 2 and 3 are broken out as subtypes) - though the Wordnet gloss suggests that the content of a communication differs from 'knowledge', and that distinction is not made in COSMO. in WordNet: 1. (6) criticism, unfavorable judgment - (disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings; 'the senator received severe criticism from his opponent') 2. (3) criticism, critique - (a serious examination and judgment of something; 'constructive criticism is always appreciated') 3. (2) criticism, literary criticism - (a written evaluation of a work of literature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Critique, :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Critical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Criticism-Genre :guid "102d0e00-3a1a-41d7-89bd-87e0e25f730c" ; :wnsense "criticism3n", "literary criticism1n" ; :wordnet "criticism", "literary criticism" ; a :GenreType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork that are of the literary criticism (i.e. books about books ) genre. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'criticism' in WordNet: 3. (2) criticism, literary criticism - (a written evaluation of a work of literature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :Genre, :PropositionalConceptualWork . :Criticizing :en "criticizing", "snipe at" ; :ldoce "attack" ; :wnsense "assail3v", "assault3v", "attack2v", "criticise1v", "criticize1v", "knock6v", "lash out1v", "pick apart1v", "snipe1v" ; :wordnet "assail", "assault", "attack", "criticise", "criticize", "knock", "lash out", "pick apart", "snipe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Criticizing' is a Communication in which one IntelligentAgent asserts that there are faults or flaws in something; this is an evaluative expression of opinion. The Criticizing may be constructive, or have a malicious purpose. Somewhat related to ''Blaming'' - but how? Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'criticize' and verb sense 2 of 'attack' in WordNet: 1. (13) knock, criticize, criticise, pick apart - (find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws; 'The paper criticized the new movie'; 'Don't knock the food - it's free') 2. criticize, criticise - (act as a critic; 'Those who criticize others often are not perfect, either') WN verb 'attack': 2. (9) attack, round, assail, lash out, snipe, assault - (attack in speech or writing; 'The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Commenting, :Evaluating, :PurposefulAction, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Criticism ] . :Critique :guid "a3066274-b907-11d6-8000-0002b35bb117" ; :wnsense "critique1n", "critique2n", "review2n" ; :wordnet "critique", "review" ; a :ObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A evaluative review that finds and reports faults (flaws), or merits (virtues) in some ''Artifact-Generic'' FOr the 'review article' sense of synset 1 use 'ReviewArticle''. CYC ('Critique-CW'): The collection of all critiques. Instances are #$PropositionalConceptualWorks that are critical assessments of some #$Thing. Includes part of noun sense 1 and 2 of 'critique' in WordNet: 1. review, critique, critical review, review article - (an essay or article that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play)) 2. criticism, critique - (a serious examination and judgment of something; \"constructive criticism is always appreciated\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaluation, :PropositionalConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Critiquing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Artifact-Generic ] . :Critiquing :en "critiquing", "reviewing" ; :wnsense "critique1v", "review2v" ; :wordnet "critique", "review" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Critiquing'' is an ''Evaluating'' in which one IntelligentAgent inspects and analyses some Artifact-Generic to identify good and bad aspects - faults or positive qualities or admirable or useful features (of Devices); this produces an evaluative expression of opinion - a ''Ctitique'' which may be a ''Criticism'' or ''PraiseText'' (if the ''Critiquing'' includes some ''Praising''). A Critiquing usually attempts to be objective. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'critique' in WordNet: 1. review, critique - (appraise critically; 'She reviews books for the New York Times'; 'Please critique this performance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Critique ] . :Croat :wnsense "Croat1n", "Croatian1n" ; :wordnet "Croat", "Croatian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Croat' in WordNet: 1. Croatian, Croat - (a member of the Slavic people living in Croatia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Croatia ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Croatia a :Country . :Croatian :pertainsTo :Croat, :Croatia ; :wnsense "Croatian1adj" ; :wordnet "Croatian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Croatian' in Wordnet: 1. Croatian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Croatia or its people or language; 'Croatian villages') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Crocheting :guid "c0774828-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crochet1v", "crochet2v", "hook3v" ; :wordnet "crochet", "hook" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Crocheting'' is the Action of weaving pieces of Thread together by hand using 'hooked needles'.. In instances of #$Crocheting, a fiber (usually #$Yarn) is formed into a row of a series of loops, then back along the same row making loops through the last set of loops, and so on to form a piece of fabric. #$Crocheting is done with a #$CrochetHook. RHW: 1. needlework done with a needle having a small hook at one end for drawing the thread or yarn through intertwined loops. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'crochet' in WordNet: 1. (1) crochet - (create by looping or crocheting; 'crochet a bedspread') 2. crochet, hook - (make a piece of needlework by interlocking and looping thread with a hooked needle; 'She sat there crocheting all day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assembling, :Attaching, :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :CraftingObjects, :FashioningSomething, :Manufacturing, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yarn ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :CrochetingNeedle :en "crocheting needle" ; :wnsense "crochet hook1n", "crochet needle1n" ; :wordnet "crochet hook", "crochet needle" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long thin but relatively rigid ''Rod'' like that of a ''KnittingNeedle'' but each aving a ''hook' at one end, used in manipulating ''Yarn'' in ''Crocheting''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crochet needle' in WordNet: 1. crochet needle, crochet hook - (a needle with a hook on the end; used in crocheting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :HandTool, :Needle, :Shaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crocheting ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crocheting ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "15"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrochetingNeedleHook ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :CrochetingNeedleHook :en "crocheting needle hook", "hook", "hook on a crocheting needle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CrochetingNeedleHook'' is a ''Hook' that is located at one end of a ''CrochetingNeedle'', that assists in drawing ''Yarn'' through small openings in developing crochet work. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hook, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrochetingNeedle ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrochetingNeedle ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :Crocodile :guid "bd58cbb0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crocodile1n" ; :wordnet "crocodile" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all crocodiles. These so-called True Crocodiles are distinct from alligators. The collection #$Crocodile constitutes a biological suborder of the #$Crocodilians. Cf. #$Alligator. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crocodile' in WordNet: 1. crocodile - (large voracious aquatic reptile having a long snout with massive jaws and sharp teeth and a body covered with bony plates; of sluggish tropical waters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crocodilian . :Crocodilian :guid "bd58dfcb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crocodilian reptile1n", "crocodilian1n" ; :wordnet "crocodilian", "crocodilian reptile" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all alligators, crocodiles, caimans and gavials; a subset of #$Reptile. Each element of #$Crocodilian is a lizard-like aquatic or semi-aquatic reptile. (#$Crocodilian is not, however, a subset of #$Lizard.) Crocodilians are amphibious, carnivorous animals with many big sharp teeth and powerful bites. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crocodilian' in WordNet: 1. crocodilian reptile, crocodilian - (extant archosaurian reptile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quadruped, :Reptile . :Crocus :guid "bd58b496-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crocus1n" ; :wordnet "crocus" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Low-growing bulblike species of the Iris order. Saffron is the dried orange tip of the pistil of certain crocuses. Some crocuses are reknowned for blooming in early spring when there is still snow on the ground (e.g. in the Alps). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crocus' in Wordnet: 1. crocus - (any of numerous low-growing plants of the genus Crocus having slender grasslike leaves and white or yellow or purple flowers; native chiefly to the Mediterranean region but widely cultivated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IrisOrder, :LilyOrder . :Crooked :isTheOppositeOf :Straight ; :wnsense "crooked1adj" ; :wordnet "crooked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """having angles or sharp curves - of LongAndThin objects. Usually a ''Crooked'' object has more than one curve or angle, but can have only one. If the curve is gentle, the object may be ''ArcShaped''. The subtype ''Bent'' is for objects that have been bent from an initial (and normal) ''Straight'' shape. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crooked' in WordNet: 1. (2) crooked - (having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned; 'crooked country roads'; 'crooked teeth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThin . :Crop :guid "bd77423d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "crop" ; :wnsense "crop1n", "harvest1n" ; :wordnet "crop", "harvest" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO we specify that a Crop is composed of (the useful parts) of ''Plant''s. Wild mushrooms may be a 'harvest' (not in COSMO). This is the harvested ''Crop'', not the plants still in the ground. CYC: #$Crop is the collection of things that are harvested. Most crops are cultivated and are harvested for food, but there are exceptions. For example, wild mushrooms brought in from the forest can be considered a crop. Mushrooms are also an example of a crop which is not part of a plant. Crops such as cotton have no culinary use, while other crops, such as (#$FruitFn #$CacaoTree), are turned into food products only after considerable processing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crop' in WordNet: 1. (8) crop, harvest - (the yield from plants in a single growing season) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accumulation, :BiologicalLivingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlantPart ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ReapingCrops ; owl:onProperty :wasObtainedInAction ] . :CropHeader :wnsense "header5n" ; :wordnet "header" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reaper'' designed to remove the heads from crops while harvesting. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'header' in Wordnet: 5. header - (a machine that cuts the heads off grain and moves them into a wagon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reaper . :CropPlant :guid "be7b645b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "crop" ; :wnsense "crop2n" ; :wordnet "crop" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$CropPlant is a specialization of #$Plant. Each instance of #$CropPlant is a plant that has been or is commonly grown and harvested as crops, e.g. #$TobaccoPlant, #$CornPlant, #$OrangeTree, etc. COSMO note:mushrooms are not included,plants only. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'crop' in WordNet (see also 'Crop'): in WordNet: 2. crop - (a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CultivatedPlant . :Cross-Country :isAnAttributeValueOf :Locomotion-SolidSurface ; :wnsense "cross-country1adj" ; :wordnet "cross-country" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ for 'cross-country skiing' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'cross-country' in Wordnet: 2. cross-country - (moving across open country rather than following tracks or roads; \"a cross-country race\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Cross-Cultural :pertainsTo :CulturalPractice, :Culture ; :wnsense "cross-cultural1adj" ; :wordnet "cross-cultural" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cross-Cultural'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the manner in which multiple ''Culture''s interact or affect Actions, or to Actions involving more than one ''Culture''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cross-cultural' in Wordnet: 1. cross-cultural - (dealing with or comparing two or more cultures; 'a cross-cultural survey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Cross-TortureDevice :guid "60f33cb4-57bc-11d6-902d-0002b34b8539" ; :ldoce "cross" ; :wnsense "cross1n" ; :wordnet "cross" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Cross-FixedStructure and #$TortureDevice. Each instance of #$Cross-TortureDevice is a cross-shaped freestanding structure designed to be used (notably by the Romans) as a device of torture and execution. A notable instance is #$CrossOfJesus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cross' in WordNet: 1. (2) cross - (a wooden structure consisting of an upright post with a transverse piece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousTangibleThing, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrossShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CrossBeam :wnsense "crossbeam1n", "crosspiece1n", "crosspiece2n", "traverse1n" ; :wordnet "crossbeam", "crosspiece", "traverse" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CrossBeam'' is a rigid solid object used in structures where it is oriented horizontally, and usually attached at both ends to some vertically oriented component(s) of the structure. This is broad, and can include small or narrow beams,or large structural beams. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crossbeam' in WordNet: 1. trave, traverse, crossbeam, crosspiece - (a horizontal beam that extends across something) WN non 'crosspiece': 2. crosspiece - (a transverse brace) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beam, :LongAndThinObject, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ] . :CrossExamining :wnsense "cross examine1v", "cross question1v" ; :wordnet "cross examine", "cross question" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cross examine' in WordNet: 1. cross examine, cross question - (question closely, or question a witness that has already been questioned by the opposing side; 'The witness was cross-examined by the defense') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Examining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourtCase ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Witness ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :CrossEyed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :BeingCrossEyed ; :wnsense "cross-eyed1adj" ; :wordnet "cross-eyed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BeingCrossEyed'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cross-eyed' in Wordnet: 1. cross-eyed - (having convergent strabismus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbnormalBodyCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingCrossEyed ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState ] . :CrossLegged :wnsense "cross-legged1adj" ; :wordnet "cross-legged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CrossLegged'' is a subtype of ''Seated'' characterizing a '''SeatedPerson'', who has the legs 'crossed', whether on a chair or on the floor or on any other supporting surface. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cross-legged' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cross-legged - (with the legs crossed; 'he sat on the floor cross-legged and meditated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seated . :CrossSection :wnsense "cross section1n" ; :wordnet "cross section" ; a :ObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cross section' in WordNet: 1. (3) cross section - (a section created by a plane cutting a solid perpendicular to its longest axis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCrossSectionalShapeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object3D :ObjectType ) ] ] . :CrossShaped :guid "c1006702-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cross-shaped1adj", "cruciate1adj", "cruciform1adj" ; :wordnet "cross-shaped", "cruciate", "cruciform" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The shape of a symbol or object that has two long straight parts that intersect near the middle of each part. CYC note: in CYC tis is an oject in this shape, but COSMO uses attributes where CYC uses an object with that attribute. CYC 'cruciform' A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Polyhedron. Each instance of #$Cruciform is a three-dimensional object consisting of an upright beam and a transverse beam, with the two beams roughly orthogonal to each other. Examples include spatially-localized objects (such as a Christian cross) as well as abstract cruciforms. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cruciform' in Wordnet: 1. cruciate, cruciform - (shaped like a cross) WN adj 'cross-shaped': 1. cross-shaped - (shaped in the form of a cross) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angular . :Crossbow :guid "bd58c22a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crossbow1n" ; :wordnet "crossbow" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The set of all crossbows. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crossbow' in WordNet: 1. crossbow - (a bow fixed transversely on a wooden stock grooved to direct the arrow (quarrel)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bow-Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandleStock ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Crossbreeding :wnsense "cross8v", "crossbreed1v", "hybridise1v", "hybridize1v", "interbreed1v" ; :wordnet "cross", "crossbreed", "hybridise", "hybridize", "interbreed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Crossbreeding'' is usually the action of mating (plant or animal) between differnt races or varieties of the same species of organisms, but in some cases different named species may be able to interbreed. NOTE: ''Crossbreeding'' need not be an intentional crsossing of two varieties by people to produce a new variety; this Action can be performed by animals or plants without any planning by people. The intentional crossbreeding by 'breeders' should be a subtype 'Hybridization'. @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crossbreed' in WordNet: 1. crossbreed, cross, hybridize, hybridise, interbreed - (breed animals or plants using parents of different races and varieties; 'cross a horse and a donkey'; 'Mendel tried crossbreeding'; 'these species do not interbreed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Breeding, :SexualReproductionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HybridOrganism ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breeder ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrganismType ] . :Crosscountry :isAnAttributeValueOf :Locomotion-SolidSurface ; :wnsense "cross-country1adj" ; :wordnet "cross-country" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Also for'cross-contry flight'; 'cross-country trip' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cross-country' in Wordnet: 1. cross-country - (from one side of a country to the other; 'a cross-country railway') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Crossing :wnsense "crossing5n", "crossover4n" ; :wordnet "crossing", "crossover" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crossing'' is a ''PathArtifact'' that crosses over the surface of another outdoor ''PathArtifact'' at an angle, often perpendicular. In the case of railroad crossings, there may be specific strictures that make the crossed path different from other sections. The pedestrian 'crosswalks' over streets are represented by the subtype ''Crosswalk''. These may be distinghished b as little as a marking on the street surface or a sign at the side of the road. Crossing locations over streams are not included here. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'crossing' in Wordnet: 5. crossing, crosswalk, crossover - (a path (often marked) where something (as a street or railroad) can be crossed to get from one side to the other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :LandTransportationVehicle :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :PathForWheeledVehicles ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :liesAcross ; owl:someValuesFrom :PathForWheeledVehicles ] . :CrossingABorder :en "crossing a border" ; :guid "bd613c1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Any subEvent of a #$Movement-TranslationProcess in which a #$Border is crossed.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrossingSomething, :Movement-TranslationEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :Translation-SingleTrajectory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingPassedThrough ; owl:someValuesFrom :Border ] . :CrossingABridge :en "cross a bridge" ; :eng "crossing a bridge" ; :guid "c14487b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrossingAGap . :CrossingACountryBorder :en "crossing a country border", "crossing a national border" ; :guid "bd683d32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subset of the collection #$CrossingABorder where the border crossed is a #$CountryBorder.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrossingABorder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingPassedThrough ; owl:someValuesFrom :CountryBorder ] . :CrossingAGap :guid "bf397a44-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrossingSomething, :Movement-TranslationEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :Translation-SingleTrajectory . :CrossingSomething :en "crossing" ; :guid "bd613c1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cross" ; :wnsense "cover7v", "cross1v", "cut across1v", "cut through1v", "get across3v", "get over1v", "pass over3v", "track4v", "traversal2n", "traverse1v", "traverse4n" ; :wordnet "cover", "cross", "cut across", "cut through", "get across", "get over", "pass over", "track", "traversal", "traverse" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event in which some object crosses over or trough some object or region or borderline. This differs from Translation-LocationChange only in that there is something specific that is crossed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cross' in WordNet: 1. (48) traverse, track, cover, cross, pass over, get over, get across, cut through, cut across - (travel across or pass over; 'The caravan covered almost 100 miles each day') WN noun 'travesal': 2. traversal, traverse - (travel across) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PassingThroughOrBySomething, :Translation-LocationChange . :CrossingTheFinishLine a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CrossingTheFinishLine'' is the Action in which one ''Racer'' crosses the line indicating the place where the ''Race'' ends (is completed). This is used for both foot races and vehicle races. @mod61 """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArrivingAtAPlace, :CrossingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOfEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Race ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Racer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :FinishLine ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaceCourse ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :Crosswalk :wnsense "crosswalk1n" ; :wordnet "crosswalk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crosswalk'' is a ''Crossing'' that crosses over the surface of a ''Street''. The pedestrian 'crosswalks' over streets are represented by the subtype ''Crosswalk''. These may be distinguished by as little as a painted marking on the street surface or a sign at the side of the road, usually at an intersection. More noiceable ''Crosswalk''s may have distinctive paving such as brick in an otherwose macadam roadway. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 5 of 'crossing' in Wordnet: 5. crossing, crosswalk, crossover - (a path (often marked) where something (as a street or railroad) can be crossed to get from one side to the other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pedestrian ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Street ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :liesAcross ; owl:someValuesFrom :Street ] . :Crosswise :wnsense "across1adv", "across2adv" ; :wordnet "across" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Crosswise'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Assertion Event and specifies that the position of the Object or event or attribute that is the subject of the Assertion is to be interpreted as being from one side of the object of 'across' to the other side; Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'across' in Wordnet: 1. (4) across - (to the opposite side; 'the football field was 300 feet across') 2. (1) across, crosswise, crossways - (transversely; 'the marble slabs were cut across') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :CrosswordPuzzle :wnsense "crossword puzzle1n", "crossword1n" ; :wordnet "crossword", "crossword puzzle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CrosswordPuzzle'' is a usually rectangular ''TwoDimensionalTable'' (an ''Array'') of ''BlankSpace''s each of which can be filled in with (usually) one ''LetterOfTheAlphabet'' to make valid words or phrases when read both horizontally and vertically. Variants may have occasional deviations from the usual solving procedure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crossword puzzle' in WordNet: 1. crossword puzzle, crossword - (a puzzle in which words corresponding to numbered clues are to be found and written in to squares in the puzzle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :Puzzle-TangibleProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoDimensionalTable ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlankSpace ; owl:minCardinality "9" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FillingInBlankSpace ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Crouton :guid "4d3865e4-af03-11d6-8000-0002b3a330c3" ; :wnsense "crouton1n" ; :wordnet "crouton" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crouton' is a marble-sized piece of ''Bread'' (a 'BreadObject'') that has been toasted and is used as a part of various dishes such as salads.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crouton' in WordNet: 1. crouton - (a small piece of toasted or fried bread; served in soup or salads) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreadObject . :Crow :wnsense "crow1n" ; :wordnet "crow" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A species of Big black bird, bigger than a starling, but smaller than a Raven. NOTE: some European crows are black and gray, not all black. New World oriole Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crow' in WordNet: 1. (2) crow - (black birds having a raucous call) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blackbird, :CorvineBird . :Crowbar :guid "bd58db36-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crowbar1n", "pry bar1n", "pry1n", "wrecking bar1n" ; :wordnet "crowbar", "pry", "pry bar", "wrecking bar" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hand tool used for prying large objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crowbar' in WordNet: 1. crowbar, wrecking bar, pry, pry bar - (a heavy iron lever with one end forged into a wedge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :HandTool, :HardwareTool, :Lever, :LongAndThinThing, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :CrowdOfPeople :guid "c0fcd627-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "crowd" ; :wnsense "crowd1n" ; :wordnet "crowd" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a 'Crowd' has to have at least three people in it. If larger than ten people, it would also be a ''Mob''. This is the PhysicalObject consisting of the aggregate of the individual people. For each instance, the location must be specified. NOTE: this is an intuitive concept. It differs from ''Assembly'' in that a 'crowd', if indoors has to have at least ten people, and more people than can be seated, or the people must be so numerous that there is little capacity remaining for more people to move around the location freely; if gathered ''OutOfDoors'' there should be more than twenty people. Cyc: A group of people all together for some purpose. @mod43 In Wordnet only the more generic group, comparable to 'Mob' is represented: in WordNet: 1. (35) crowd - (a large number of things or people considered together; 'a crowd of insects assembled around the flowers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssemblageOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OutOfDoors ] . :Crowded :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :BeingCrowded ; :isTheOppositeOf :Empty ; :wnsense "crowded1adj" ; :wordnet "crowded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Places or Objects that have a ''CrowdOfPeople'' inside. Other senses of 'crowded' ('crowded schedule') are represented elsewhere. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'crowded' (for crowds of people) in Wordnet: 1. (12) crowded - (overfilled or compacted or concentrated; 'a crowded theater'; 'a crowded program'; 'crowded trains'; 'a young mother's crowded days') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Populated . :Crowding :wnsense "crowd together1v", "crowd2v", "crowd3v" ; :wordnet "crowd", "crowd together" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Crowding'' is the movement of some Objects that have some degree of volition coming close enough together to impede the movement of other such objects to some degree. This can be for animals or vehicles. Perhaps it can be applied to other objects? Automatons? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'crowd' in WordNet: 2. (3) crowd - (fill or occupy to the point of overflowing; 'The students crowded the auditorium') 3. (2) crowd, crowd together - (to gather together in large numbers; 'men in straw boaters and waxed mustaches crowded the verandah') WN noun 'crowding: 1. crowding - (a situation in which people or things are crowded together; 'he didn't like the crowding on the beach') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComingTogether, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectGroup ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingObject ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MobOfThings ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Crown :guid "bd6d7d82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crown4n" ; :wordnet "crown" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of ornamental headgear made of gold or other precious metal, typically worn by royalty. NOTE that in CYC a ''Crown'' is a subtype of ''Hat'' but in COSMO it is a piece of ''Jewelry'' - hats in COSMO are to protect the head and need to be able to do that, whether or not they are decorative. In COSMO a ''Crown'' does not have to be jewelled, but commonly is. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'crown' in Wordnet: 4. (1) crown, diadem - (an ornamental jewelled headdress signifying sovereignty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :HeadWear, :Jewelry, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jewel ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Crucial :wnsense "crucial1adj", "crucial2adj" ; :wordnet "crucial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Crucial'' is an attribute expressing a very high level of importance - not just 'very important' but implying that the thing so described is indispensable to some purpose. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crucial' in WordNet: 1. (6) crucial, important - (of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; 'a crucial moment in his career'; 'a crucial election'; 'a crucial issue for women') 2. (1) crucial - (having crucial relevance; 'crucial to the case'; 'relevant testimony') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Important, :Relevant . :CruciferousPlant :wnsense "crucifer1n", "cruciferous plant1n" ; :wordnet "crucifer", "cruciferous plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cruciferous plant' in WordNet: 1. crucifer, cruciferous plant - (any of various plants of the family Cruciferae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant, :Plant-NonWoody . :CruciferousVegetable :wnsense "cruciferous vegetable1n" ; :wordnet "cruciferous vegetable" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, :SoupComponentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cruciferous vegetable' in WordNet: 1. cruciferous vegetable - (a vegetable of the mustard family: especially mustard greens; various cabbages; broccoli; cauliflower; brussels sprouts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidFood, :Vegetable-Food . :Crucifix :guid "c10b67d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cross" ; :wnsense "cross3n", "crucifix1n", "rood-tree1n", "rood1n" ; :wordnet "cross", "crucifix", "rood", "rood-tree" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes crucifixes with or without the figure of Jesus on them. This is also called a 'cross' though Wordnet does not include that sense of 'cross' with the word 'crucifix' In Cyc called 'Crucifix-ChristianSymbol' Cyc: A specialization of #$ArtObject and #$ReligiousSymbol. Each instance of #$Crucifix-ChristianSymbol is a representational (usually 3-d, carving or sculpture) work of art that depict #$JesusOfNazareth on the #$CrossOfJesus. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'crucifix', and perhaps also to noun sense 3 of 'cross': in Wordnet: 1. (1) crucifix, rood, rood-tree - (representation of the cross on which Jesus died) WN 'cross': 3. (1) Cross - (a representation of the structure on which Jesus was crucified; used as an emblem of Christianity or in heraldry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtObject, :SacredObject, :SymbolicThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrossShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Crucifying :guid "c1006740-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crucifixion1n", "crucify1v" ; :wordnet "crucifixion", "crucify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$DurativeEventType and a specialization of #$Execution-Judicial and #$Torture. Each instance of #$Crucifying is an event in which an agent executes a human by nailing that human to a #$Cross-TortureDevice. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'crucify' in WordNet: 1. (2) crucify - (kill by nailing onto a cross; 'Jesus Christ was crucified') WN noun 'crucifixion': 1. (1) crucifixion - (the act of executing by a method widespread in the ancient world; the victim's hands and feet are bound or nailed to a cross) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Execution-Judicial, :PhysicalTorture . :Cruel :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Cruelty ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :CruelAct ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :HarmingAnAgent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Kind ; :ldoce "cruel", "mean" ; :wnsense "barbarous1adj", "brutal2adj", "cruel1adj", "fell1adj", "mean1adj", "roughshod2adj", "savage1adj", "vicious1adj" ; :wordnet "barbarous", "brutal", "cruel", "fell", "mean", "roughshod", "savage", "vicious" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling 'Cruelty', or of an act performed by that person that exhibits ''Cruelty''. This attribute causes a Person to perform acts that are not only ''Unkind'' but cause significant pain (psychological or physical) or harm, more intense than being ''Unkind''. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'cruel' in WordNet: 1. (3) barbarous, brutal, cruel, fell, roughshod, savage, vicious - ((of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering; 'a barbarous crime'; 'brutal beatings'; 'cruel tortures'; 'Stalin's roughshod treatment of the kulaks'; 'a savage slap'; 'vicious kicks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unkind, :Vicious . :CruelAct :isAnActionDisposedByTendency :Cruelness ; :ldoce "cruelty" ; :wnsense "cruelty1n" ; :wordnet "cruelty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CruelAct' is an Action in which some animal is unnecessarily harmed or made uncomfortable - physical or psychological torment ar both included. The agent of a CruelAct will usually be guilty of callous indifference to the suffering of the animal or person harmed - associated with the trait of ''Cruelness''. Harming an agent because of some perceived necessity - to protect someone (e.g. swatting a mosquito), to help that agent, or to help other people, is not necessarily a CruelAct. There is a borderline (such as torturing a suspect to elicit important information) that is not resolved in the meaning of this type. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'cruelty' in WordNet: 1. (4) cruelty, inhuman treatment - (a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HarmingAnAgent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ] ; owl:disjointWith :HelpingAnAgent . :Cruelly :isLessIntensiveThan :Brutally ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Cruel ; :wnsense "cruelly1adv" ; :wordnet "cruelly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: 'cruelly' and 'brutally' both refer to ''Cruel'' as the stem adjective, but in COSMO ''Brutally'' represents a more intense degree of 'cruelty' than ''Cruelly''. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'cruelly' in Wordnet: 2. cruelly - (in a cruel manner; 'he treated his students cruelly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Cruelness :disposesToFeeling :Cruelty ; :hasContrastingTrait :Kindness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Cruelty ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Cruel ; :isaTendencyToPerformAction :CruelAct ; :wnsense "cruelness3n" ; :wordnet "cruelness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cruelness'' is a Trait that disposes a Person to ''CruelAct''s. A Person with this trait is (has attribute) ''Cruel'', and has Feelings of ''Cruelty''. *NOTE* that two relations can relate a ''Trait'' to a ''Feeling'': isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling disposesToFeeling This occurs because a 'Feeling' is a subtype of Action, and 'disposesToFeeling' is a subproperty of 'isaTendencyTooPerformAction', but the two relations do not necessarily imply each other. *More refinement and/or simplification may be useful This corresponds to sense 3 of 'Cruelty' in Wordnet: 3. (1) cruelty, cruelness, harshness - (the quality of being cruel and causing tension or annoyance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Badness . :Cruelty :disposesToAction :CruelAct ; :ldoce "cruelty" ; :wnsense "cruelness1n", "cruelty3n", "harshness3n" ; :wordnet "cruelness", "cruelty", "harshness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling that disposes a person to perform a ''CruelAct'' on some animal. This has some of the aspects of a Trait ('cruelness'?), but that is represented separately. (perhaps unnecessarily?) This corresponds to sense 3 of 'Cruelty' in Wordnet: 3. (1) cruelty, cruelness, harshness - (the quality of being cruel and causing tension or annoyance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehavioralDisposition, :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CruelAct ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Cruise :wnsense "cruise1n", "cruise4v", "sail2n" ; :wordnet "cruise", "sail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cruise'' is a 'WaterTravel' that takes place in a ''Ship'' on some large body of water,which could be a River that can handle larger boats, on an Ocean or part of an Ocean, or on some large Sea, or sometimes on a 'NavigableRiver''. A river cruise can be as short as part ofa day. Borderline subtype? need subtype 'river cruise'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'cruise' (not necessarily on an ocean) in WordNet: 1. cruise, sail - (an ocean trip taken for pleasure) WN verb 'cruise': 4. cruise - (sail or travel about for pleasure, relaxation, or sightseeing; 'We were cruising in the Caribbean') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterTravel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ship ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Cruiser :guid "c0513621-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cruiser2n" ; :wordnet "cruiser" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of warships which are relatively large and fast. Cruisers are usually smaller than battleships, but larger than destroyers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cruiser' in WordNet: 2. cruiser - (a large fast warship; smaller than a battleship and larger than a destroyer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModernNavalShip, :Weapon . :Crumb :wnsense "crumb3n" ; :wordnet "crumb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crumb'' is a small piece of bread or cake or Cookie or Cracker (i.e. part of a ''FlourBasedObject''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crumb' in Wordnet: 3. crumb - (small piece of e.g. bread or cake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfAnObject, :TinyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FlourBasedObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SlicingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :Crumbling :en "crumbling" ; :enadj "crumbling" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Collapsing ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Crumbling'' can characterize structures that are falling into pieces, and also other brittle objects that can fall into pieces. No sense of 'crumbling' adjective in WN. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Crumpled :guid "b85166e2-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SheetOfSomeStuff ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Crumpling ; :wnsense "bent5adj", "crumpled1adj" ; :wordnet "bent", "crumpled" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Crumpled'' is the attribute of a some ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (typically paper) that has been compacted by ''Crumpling'' 'crumpled into a ball and thrown into the wastebasket' NOTE: in CYC attributes are represented by obejcts with that attribute, but in COSMO that is not the practice: CYC: the shape of something after it has gone through a #$Crumpling - no longer sheet-shaped, but now wrinkled and probably roughly ball-shaped. Includes but is broader than (used for paper also) adjective sense 1 of 'crumpled' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bent, crumpled, dented - (of metal e.g.; 'bent nails'; 'a car with a crumpled front end'; 'dented fenders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Crumpling :en "crumpling" ; :guid "be01129b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crumple4v" ; :wordnet "crumple" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Crumpling'' is a Compacting action in which some agent takes a sheet-like objects and compresses it so that it folds in irregular lines into a compact mass that has a roughly spheroidal. The 'crumpling' of an auto fender in a collision is not an instance of this type; the action must result in a compacting of an object into an object with a smaller length and width. This will be used mostly for crumpling pieces of paper into a ball or wad. For folding paper neatly use ''Folding''. CYC: A collection of events. A #$Crumpling event is an event of #$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial in which some particular sheetlike object (e.g., a piece of paper, a cloth sheet, or a fender) is crumpled. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'crumple' in RHW: 1. to press or crush into irregular folds or into a compact mass; bend out of shape; rumple; wrinkle. Corresponds to only part of verb sense 4 of 'crumple' in WordNet: 4. rumple, crumple, wrinkle, crease, crinkle - (become wrinkled or crumpled or creased; 'This fabric won't wrinkle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compacting, :HandlingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SheetOfSomeStuff ] . :CrunchingSound :en "crunching sound" ; :wnsense "crunch1n" ; :wordnet "crunch" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CrunchingSound'' is a series of audible low-to-medium frequency sounds that resembles the shound of someone walking on gravel or of a dried vegetalbe material being compressed and fragmented.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crunch' in WordNet: 1. (1) crunch - (the sound of something crunching; 'he heard the crunch of footsteps on the gravel path') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Crushed :ened "crushed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CrushingAnObject ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of Objects that have been crushed, i.e. subject to the 'CrushingAnObject' process. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :CrushedFruit a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CrushedFruit' is a FruitFood prepared by crushing pieces of 'Fruit' (a 'CrushingAnObject' Event). It may be modified for use in various ways as a Food substance, e.g. in 'Jam'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaConstituentSubstanceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :EdibleFruit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crushed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CrushedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The remains (in one or more than one pieces) of a SolidObject (or more than one) that have been crushed, i.e. subjected to the 'CrushingAnObject' process. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crushed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CrushingAnObject ] . :CrushingAnAnimal :en "crushing" ; :ldoce "crush" ; :wnsense "crush2v" ; :wordnet "crush" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CrushingAnAnimal'' is a subtype of ''CrushingAnObject'' in which an Animal is crushed to death. This can be in an accident of by another animal such as a ''Constrictor'' that kills prey by crushing it. THe animal can be human or nun-human. This can be used for any animal, even 'swatting' a fly to death. Corresponds to part verb sense 2 of 'crush' in WordNet: 2. (3) squash, crush, squelch, mash, squeeze - (to compress with violence, out of natural shape or condition; 'crush an aluminum can'; 'squeeze a lemon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrushingAnObject, :Killing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Constrictor ; owl:onProperty :mayBePerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnimalType :Animal ) ] ] . :CrushingAnObject :en "crushing" ; :ldoce "crush" ; :wnsense "crush2v", "squash1v", "squeeze1v", "squelch4v" ; :wordnet "crush", "squash", "squeeze", "squelch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some Agent (does not have to be animate) puts force or pressure on a solid object, causing it to collapse into a small volume, or into a distorted shapeor into multiple fragments, If the crushed object was functional (e.g. alive), it becomes non-functional. Therefore a metaphoric 'crushing', meaning a crowding, is not included. Crushing (crumpling) a piece of paper into a ball would be included, but the paper is not functional, so it could be opened up and the contents (if any) read, and the initial crushing action would still be an instance of this type. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'crush' in WordNet: 2. (3) squash, crush, squelch, mash, squeeze - (to compress with violence, out of natural shape or condition; 'crush an aluminum can'; 'squeeze a lemon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ApplyingAPressure, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent, :SqueezingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrushedObject ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObjectType :SolidObject ) ] ] . :Crust :wnsense "crust2n" ; :wordnet "crust" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sheet-like solid layer on the surface of some Object that has hardened or accreted from a less solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'crust' in WordNet: 2. crust, incrustation, encrustation - (a hard outer layer that covers something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :OuterPhysicalSurface, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surface-Physical ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Crustacean :guid "bd58b327-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crustacean1n" ; :wordnet "crustacean" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Typically aquatic arthropods that have an exoskeleton and appendages on each segment and two pairs of antenna. SUMO: A Class of Arthropods that mainly dwells in water and has a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton. Includes lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and barnacles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crustacean' in WordNet: 1. crustacean - (any mainly aquatic arthropod usually having a segmented body and chitinous exoskeleton) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arthropod, :Shellfish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chitin ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Crutch :guid "bd58cc43-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crutch1n" ; :wordnet "crutch" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crutch' in WordNet: 1. (2) crutch - (a wooden or metal staff that fits under the armpit and reaches to the ground; used by disabled person while walking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Framework, :PortableObject, :Staff, :StraightLongAndThinObject, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grasping ; owl:onProperty :isOperatedByAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "60"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "210"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cripple ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Cry :wnsense "cry2n", "yell2n" ; :wordnet "cry", "yell" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cry'' is a type of ''Speech'' caused by and expressing some Emotion.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cry' in WordNet: 2. (10) cry, yell - (a loud utterance of emotion (especially when inarticulate); 'a cry of rage'; 'a yell of pain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmotionalState ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Crybaby :wnsense "bellyacher1n", "complainer1n", "crybaby2n", "grumbler1n", "moaner1n", "sniveller1n", "squawker1n", "whiner1n" ; :wordnet "bellyacher", "complainer", "crybaby", "grumbler", "moaner", "sniveller", "squawker", "whiner" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crybaby'' is a Person who is ''Disagreeable'' because of a behavioral tendency to complain about things s/he finds unpleasant, expecially the way she has been treated by others or the problems s/he has to endure. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'crybaby' in WordNet: 2. whiner, complainer, moaner, sniveller, crybaby, bellyacher, grumbler, squawker - (a person given to excessive complaints and crying and whining) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnpleasantPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComplainingAboutSomething ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Crying :en "in tears" ; :guid "bd58d0b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cry" ; :wnsense "cry2v", "crying1n", "tears1n", "weep1v", "weeping1n" ; :wordnet "cry", "crying", "tears", "weep", "weeping" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Crying, usually but not necessarily shedding tears. Cyc: The process of excreting tears from the eyes. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'cry' in WordNet: 2. (12) cry, weep - (shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain; 'She cried bitterly when she heard the news of his death'; 'The girl in the wheelchair wept with frustration when she could not get up the stairs') WN 'crying': WN Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crying' in WordNet: 1. crying, weeping, tears - (the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds); 'I hate to hear the crying of a child'; 'she was in tears') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :MakingFacialExpression, :Vocalizing . :Cryogenic :wnsense "cryogenic1adj" ; :wordnet "cryogenic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cryogenic is a QualitativeAttributeValue for anything that has a temperature below -20 deg. C (i.e. below the temperatures usually found in the freezer component of a refrigerator. This usually refers to very cold materials such as dry ice, liquid nitrogen, or liquid helium or the temperatures that such materials can produce when used for refrigeration. It is not necessary to have been through a ''Freezing'' process to be ''Cryogenic''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cryogenic' in WordNet: 1. cryogenic - (of or relating to very low temperatures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IcyCold . :Cryptographer :guid "c151da7d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cryptanalyst1n", "cryptographer1n", "cryptologist1n" ; :wordnet "cryptanalyst", "cryptographer", "cryptologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cryptographer' in WordNet: 1. cryptanalyst, cryptographer, cryptologist - (decoder skilled in the analysis of codes and cryptograms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult, :SkilledWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cryptography ; owl:onProperty :isSkilledAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Encoding ; owl:onProperty :isSkilledAt ] . :Cryptography :wnsense "cryptography1n" ; :wordnet "cryptography" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cryptography'' is the science concerned with designing codes for hiding information, and in 'breaking' such codes (''Decoding''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cryptography' in WordNet: 1. cryptanalysis, cryptanalytics, cryptography, cryptology - (the science of analyzing and deciphering codes and ciphers and cryptograms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cryptographer ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Encoding ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Encoding ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decoding ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Crystalline :guid "892632f8-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "crystalline1adj" ; :wordnet "crystalline" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In OpenCyc this class is a collection of pieces of crystalline material. In COSMO it is reinterpreted as an attribute of some solids, whether of single self-connected objects or of granular solids. This is disjoint with 'SemiSolid' Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible having a solid crystalline structure. In a crystalline solid the atoms, ions, or molecules are ordered in well-defined arrangements. These solids often have flat faces that make angles with one another. They are frequently translucent and brittle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'crystalline' in Wordnet: 1. (1) crystalline - (consisting of or containing or of the nature of crystals; 'granite is crystalline') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solid . :CrystallineObject :guid "892632f8-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In OpenCyc called 'Crystalline'. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible having a solid crystalline structure. In a crystalline solid the atoms, ions, or molecules are ordered in well-defined arrangements. These solids often have flat faces that make angles with one another. They are frequently translucent and brittle.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateThing, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CrystallineSubstance :hasQualitativeAttribute :Crystalline ; :hasUnitObject :SingleCrystal ; :wnsense "crystal1n" ; :wordnet "crystal" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CrystallineSubstance is a Substance, not an Object. It can be made of one or more crystals of any chemical composition, inorganic or organic. NOTE that the Wordnet 'crystal' seems to be ambiguous as it may refer to an object. For an object that is crystalline, use 'CrystallineObject'. For an single crystal, use 'SingleCrystal'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'crystal' in WordNet: 1. (17) crystal - (a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SingleCrystal ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :Crystallizing :guid "be011206-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crystalise2v", "crystalise3v", "crystalize2v", "crystalize3v", "crystallisation1n", "crystallise2v", "crystallise3v", "crystallization1n", "crystallize3v", "crystallize4v", "crystallizing1n" ; :wordnet "crystalise", "crystalize", "crystallisation", "crystallise", "crystallization", "crystallize", "crystallizing" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the process in which a liquid is transformed to become crystalline. NOTE this includes precipitation of solids from a solution. Includes both transitive and intransitive verb senses , 3 and 4 of 'crystallize' in WordNet: 3. (1) crystallize, crystallise, crystalize, crystalise - (cause to form crystals or assume crystalline form; 'crystallize minerals') 4. (1) crystallize, crystalize, crystalise, effloresce - (assume crystalline form; become crystallized) WN noun 'crysallization': 1. (1) crystallization, crystallisation, crystallizing - (the formation of crystals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StateChange . :Cuba :wnsense "Cuba2n" ; :wordnet "Cuba" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Cuba' in WordNet: 1. (17) Cuba, Republic of Cuba - (a communist state in the Caribbean on the island of Cuba) """ . :Cuban :pertainsTo :Cuba ; :wnsense "Cuban1adj" ; :wordnet "Cuban" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cuban'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Cuba'' or a ''CubanPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'C'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Cuban' in WordNet: 1. (7) Cuban - (of or relating to or characteristic of Cuba or the people of Cuba; 'Cuban rum') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Cube :guid "c0fe2a4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cube2n" ; :wordnet "cube" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$RectangularParallelepiped (q.v.). This is the collection of all three-dimensional cubes, whether spatially-localized (e.g. dice) or abstract. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cube' in WordNet: 2. (2) cube, regular hexahedron - (a hexahedron with six equal squares as faces) 5. cube, square block - (a block in the (approximate) shape of a cube) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RectangularParallelepiped, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cubic ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :CubeShapedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CubeShapedObject'' is a ''SoldObject in the shape of a ''Cube''. NOTE that this is for any solidObject that is cube-shaped, including small objects. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'cube' in WordNet: 5. cube, square block - (a block in the (approximate) shape of a cube) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cube ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Cubic :wnsense "cubic1adj" ; :wordnet "cubic" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of being shaped like a 'Cube' - this can be very approximate, and can be applied to an IceCube, even if there are rounded edges, as in those produced by a refrigerator. The wordNet adjective 'cubic' merely means having three dimensions, so this would be a subtype of that. For the WordNet sense use 'ThreeDimensional' in WordNet: 1. (1) cubic, three-dimensional - (having three dimensions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angular, :RectangularParallelepipedLike . :CubicCentimeter :wnsense "cc1n", "cubic centimeter1n", "cubic centimetre1n", "mil3n", "milliliter1n", "millilitre1n", "ml1n" ; :wordnet "cc", "cubic centimeter", "cubic centimetre", "mil", "milliliter", "millilitre", "ml" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CubicCentimeter is a unit for measuring volume, equal to the volume of a cube measuring one centimeter length in each dimension of length, width, and height. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cubic centimeter' in WordNet: 1. (2) milliliter, millilitre, mil, ml, cubic centimeter, cubic centimetre, cubic centimetrecubic centimetre, cc - (a metric unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :CubicFoot :wnsense "cu ft1n", "cubic foot1n" ; :wordnet "cu ft", "cubic foot" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CubicFoot is a unit for measuring volume, equal to a volume of one foot length in each dimension of length, width, and height. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cubic foot' in WordNet: 1. (1) cubic foot, cu ft - (the volume equal to a cube one foot on each side) """^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :Cubicle :wnsense "booth2n", "cubicle2n", "cubicle3n" ; :wordnet "booth", "cubicle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cubicle'' is a ''PartitionedSpace'' by walls (not necessarily up to the ceiling) to allow people to do work with some isolation from others. This can be a part of a lerger room,or a stand-alone 'booth' such as a ''TollBooth'' or a 'ticket booth' that is not part of a larger structure. More distinctions can be made with additional subtypes. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'cubicle' in WordNet; the location is not necessarily a library: in WordNet: 2. carrel, carrell, cubicle, stall - (small individual study area in a library) 3. booth, cubicle, stall, kiosk - (small area set off by walls for special use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartitionedSpace, :SeatedAssemblyConstruct, :WorkingSpot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Table-Furniture ; owl:onProperty :spatiallyContains ] . :Cuckoo :guid "c0fd64d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cuckoo1n" ; :wordnet "cuckoo" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bird that doesn't build a nest. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cuckoo' in WordNet: 2. cuckoo - (any of numerous European and North American birds having pointed wings and a long tail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :CuckooClock :wnsense "cuckoo clock1n" ; :wordnet "cuckoo clock" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Usually a pendulum clock, sometimes on the shelf RHW: 'a wall or shelf clock, often carved and decorated, that announces the hours by a sound like the call of the cuckoo, usually accompanied by the appearance of an imitation bird through a little door.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cuckoo clock' in WordNet: 1. cuckoo clock - (clock that announces the hours with a sound like the call of the cuckoo) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clock, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pendulum ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ] . :Cucumber :wnsense "cucumber2n" ; :wordnet "cucumber" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An individual cucumber. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'cucumber' in WordNet: 2. cucumber, cuke - (cylindrical green fruit with thin green rind and white flesh eaten as a vegetable; related to melons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CucumberPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :CucumberPlant :guid "bd58a7a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Cucumis sativus1n", "cucumber vine1n", "cucumber1n" ; :wordnet "Cucumis sativus", "cucumber", "cucumber vine" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual cucumber plants. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'cucumber' in WordNet: 1. cucumber, cucumber vine, Cucumis sativus - (a melon vine of the genus Cucumis; cultivated from earliest times for its cylindrical green fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MelonPlant, :Vine . :CucumberStuff :guid "c1008d9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Cucumber-Foodstuff'. A substance consisting of multiple cucumbers or cucumbers sliced, ground, or otherwise prepared. Cyc: Foodstuff derived from the fruit of the cucumber plant; for example, sliced cucumber in a salad.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cucumber ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Cuddling :guid "c10addb0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "caressing1n", "cuddle1n", "cuddle1v", "cuddle2v", "cuddling1n", "draw close1v", "hugging1n", "nestle1n", "nestle1v", "nuzzle1v", "snuggle1n", "snuggle1v" ; :wordnet "caressing", "cuddle", "cuddling", "draw close", "hugging", "nestle", "nuzzle", "snuggle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cuddling'' is a prolonged ''Embracing'' in which a Person embraces another Person and maintains body contact over more than a few minutes. This is a subtype of ''PersistentState'' that continues for some interval of time. The Wordnet synsets include this but also seems to include nestling alone into a bed or hugging one'set animal. Those would have to be separate entries, though they share some of the same labels. For the type of 'embracing' that is done to cause sexual pleasure or arousal - even if minimal, as with teenagers - use the sibling type ''Necking''. CYC: Action where two creatures stay in physical contact because they like each other. Cuddling is comforting and expresses affection. Cuddling an animal would be a different subtype of ''Embracig''. This is not necessarily intended as a prelude to sexual activity. This cannot be done alone, so snuggling into a bed alone is not included. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'cuddle' in WordNet: 1. (2) cuddle, snuggle, nestle, nest, nuzzle, draw close - (move or arrange oneself in a comfortable and cozy position; 'We cuddled against each other to keep warm'; 'The children snuggled into their sleeping bags') 2. (1) cuddle - (hold (a person or thing) close, as for affection, comfort, or warmth; 'I cuddled the baby') WN noun 'snuggle': 1. cuddle, nestle, snuggle - (a close and affectionate (and often prolonged) embrace) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Embracing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :Cue :wnsense "cue1n" ; :wordnet "cue" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Cue'' is a ''Speaking'' represented by an ''ActorsLine'' that serves as a Signal to other actors to speak or do other things, such as enter or leave the stage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cue' in WordNet: 1. cue - (an actor's line that immediately precedes and serves as a reminder for some action or speech) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :CueBall :guid "bd7e277b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cue ball1n" ; :wordnet "cue ball" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$PoolBalls that the player strikes with his cue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cue ball' in WordNet: 1. cue ball - (the ball that the billiard player or pool player strikes with his cue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BilliardBall, :GameArtifact, :SportsEquipment . :CueStick :wnsense "cue stick1n", "cue4n", "pool cue1n", "pool stick1n" ; :wordnet "cue", "cue stick", "pool cue", "pool stick" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CueStick'' is a 'Stick' that is used to strike the Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cue stick' in WordNet: 1. cue, cue stick, pool cue, pool stick - (sports implement consisting of a tapering rod used to strike a cue ball in pool or billiards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameArtifact, :SportsEquipment, :Stick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoolGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Cued :en "cued", "reminded" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Reminding ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cued'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who was reminded of something (especially during a Performance of some kind) by being given a 'cue' ( a type of ''Reminder''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Cuff :wnsense "cuff1n" ; :wordnet "cuff" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cuff' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cuff, turnup - (the lap consisting of a turned-back hem encircling the end of the sleeve or leg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Flap, :FlexibleObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToSemiRigidly ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ClothingType :SleeveOfGarment :PantLeg ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtTheEndOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ClothingType :SleeveOfGarment :PantLeg ) ] ] . :Cufflink :guid "bd590079-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cufflink1n" ; :wordnet "cufflink" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of cufflinks, a kind of decorative fastening device used to bind the cuffs of a shirt in a formal setting @ToDo: distinguish SleeveOfGarment shirt and pants? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cufflink' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cufflink - (jewelry consisting of one of a pair of linked buttons used to fasten the cuffs of a shirt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :Fastener, :Jewelry, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cuff ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrist ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Cuisine :guid "c04ea158-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cuisine1n" ; :wordnet "cuisine" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of types of #$EdibleStuff that are commonly associated with a region, ethnic group, culture, etc. NOTE: neither WN nor RHW have an entry just for the foodstuff 'cuisine', only for the style of cooking.In COSMO this is classified as a subtype of ''Food'', and the manner of preparation is implied. The term 'culinary art' has to be interpreted as a style of Food, until a different Class is defined to represent the manner of food preparation. RHW: 1. a style or quality of cooking; cookery: Italian cuisine; This restaurant has an excellent cuisine. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'cuisine' in WordNet: 1. cuisine, culinary art - (the practice or manner of preparing food or the food so prepared) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food . :Culinary :pertainsTo :CookingFood, :Cuisine, :CulinaryStyle, :Food, :PreparingFoodItem ; :wnsense "culinary1adj" ; :wordnet "culinary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Culinary'' is used mostly to refer to ''Cooking'' but also to any of the actions involved in a ''PreparingFoodItem'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'culinary' in Wordnet: 1. culinary - (of or relating to or used in cooking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CulinaryStyle :wnsense "cuisine1n", "culinary art1n" ; :wordnet "cuisine", "culinary art" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This corresponds approximately to the sense of 'cuisine' in Wordnet; but in COSMO the term 'Cuisine' is used to refer to the food type produced by a distinctive style of cooking or preparing food. An Action and a Food item cannot be part of the same entity in COMO. 'French cooking is a popular style of cuisine'. RHW: a style or quality of cooking; cookery: Italian cuisine; This restaurant has an excellent cuisine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cuisine' in Wordnet: 1. cuisine, culinary art - (the practice or manner of preparing food or the food so prepared) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparingFoodItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cuisine ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ] . :Cullinan_I_Diamond :hasMassInGrams "106.08"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :QueenElizabethII ; a :Diamond ; rdfs:comment """The ''Cullinan1Diamond'' is the \" Cullinan I \" diamond. From Wikipedia: The Cullinan Diamond was the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found,[2] weighing 3,106.75 carats (621.35 g), discovered at the Premier No.2 mine in Cullinan, South Africa, on 26 January 1905. It was named after Thomas Cullinan, the mine's chairman. In April 1905, it was put on sale in London, but despite considerable interest, it was still unsold after two years. In 1907, the Transvaal Colony government bought the Cullinan and then presented it to Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom, who had it cut by Joseph Asscher and Co. in Amsterdam. Cullinan produced stones of various cuts and sizes, the largest of which is named Cullinan I or the Great Star of Africa, and at 530.4 carats (106.08 g) it is the largest clear cut diamond in the world. The stone is mounted in the head of the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross. The second-largest is Cullinan II or the Second Star of Africa, weighing 317.4 carats (63.48 g), mounted in the Imperial State Crown. Both are part of the Crown Jewels. Seven other major diamonds, weighing a total of 208.29 carats (41.66 g), are privately owned by Elizabeth II, who inherited them from her grandmother, Queen Mary, in 1953. The Queen also owns minor brilliants and a set of unpolished fragments. """ . :Culminating :wnsense "apogee1n", "climax1v", "culminate1v", "culmination1n" ; :wordnet "apogee", "climax", "culminate", "culmination" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Culminating'' is an 'EndingOfAnEvent' in which some ''Outcome'' (a PersistentState) has its beginning. This formally means that the ''Outcome'' (State caused by a preceding Event) follows immediately on the preceding Event, with no time interval in between. The term 'culminate' is often used to suggest that the ''Outcome'' is also in some way the most ''Salient'' part of the preceding causative Event, but that part of the meaning is not yet formalized, and may need a subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'culminate' in WordNet: 1. (8) culminate, climax - (end, especially to reach a final or climactic stage; 'The meeting culminated in a tearful embrace') WN noun 'culmination': 1. (3) apogee, culmination - (a final climactic stage; 'their achievements stand as a culmination of centuries of development') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndingOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :starts ; owl:someValuesFrom :Outcome ] . :Cult :guid "9723d662-2a78-11d8-947f-0007e9162f49" ; :wnsense "cult1n" ; :wordnet "cult" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The notion of a 'cult of personality' adhering to one specific Person can be included as a subtype. Members of a ''Cult'' might be ''Brainwashed' - but not necessarily. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cult' in Wordnet: 1. (3) cult - (adherents of an exclusive system of religious beliefs and practices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeliefGroup . :CultivatedPlant a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any plant (or mushroom) or collection of plants that are created by a 'Cultivation' Action, planted and helped to grow, by some 'IntentionalAgent'. A 'CultivatedPlant' must be planted by the agent doing the Cultivation, but it is not necessary for the plant(s) to be harvested, they can be useful while still sitting in the ground, such as decorative landscaping plants, and flowers in a garden.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalLivingObject, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Plant :Fungus ) ] . :Cultivation :en "cultivating", "raising" ; :ldoce "cultivate", "produce", "production", "raise" ; :wnsense "cultivate1v", "cultivation2n", "farm3v", "grow4v", "grow7v", "produce6v", "production1n", "raise5v" ; :wordnet "cultivate", "cultivation", "farm", "grow", "produce", "production", "raise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of Action, or repeated Actions, in which an agent first plants, and then feeds or waters a plant, or places it in some favorable situation, such as under growth lights or in a greenhouse. Cultivation will often take place outdoors, but not necessarily; growing house plants in pots is an instance of this type. The resulting grown plant (including mushrooms) is a 'CultivatedPlant'. Example 'we grow tomatoes in our back yard' Includes sense 1 of 'cultivate', noun sense 2 of 'cultivation', noun sense 1 of 'production', and part of verb sense 6 (the crop part) of 'produce' and verb senses 4 and 7 (plants, not animals) of 'grow' and sense 5 of 'raise' in WordNet: 1. (3) cultivate - (foster the growth of). WN 'production': 1. (229) production - ((economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; 'he introduced more efficient methods of production') WN 'produce': 6. (6) grow, raise, farm, produce - (cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; 'The Bordeaux region produces great red wines'; 'They produce good ham in Parma'; 'We grow wheat here'; 'We raise hogs here') WN 'grow': 4. (13) grow - (cause to grow or develop; 'He grows vegetables in his backyard') 7. (3) grow, raise, farm, produce - (cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; 'The Bordeaux region produces great red wines'; 'They produce good ham in Parma'; 'We grow wheat here'; 'We raise hogs here') WN noun 'cultivation': 2. (1) cultivation - ((agriculture) production of food by preparing the land to grow crops) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrowingPlants, :MakingaPhysicalObject, :Nurturing, :OutdoorActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CultivatedPlant :PlantType ) ] ] . :Cultivator :wnsense "cultivator1n", "tiller4n" ; :wordnet "cultivator", "tiller" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A horse-drawn tool for cultivating the soil. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cultivator' in WordNet: 2. cultivator, tiller - (a farm implement used to break up the surface of the soil (for aeration and weed control and conservation of moisture)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalPoweredDevice, :FarmDevice, :HexalateralObject, :Tool . :Cultural :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfPeople ; :pertainsTo :CulturalEvent ; :wnsense "cultural1adj" ; :wordnet "cultural" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Cultural'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the tastes or preferences of some GroupOfPeople with respect to arts, entertainment, or social manners. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cultural' in Wordnet: 1. (9) cultural - (of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors; 'cultural events'; 'a person of broad cultural interests') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CulturalArtifact :en "cultural artifact" ; :enn "cultural artifact" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any artifact, physical or abstract, that is considered significant within a culture or some part of a culture. Sacred texts are examples of abstract artifacts significant to a religion. An example of a PhysicalObject would be a building (e.g. the Parthenon in Athens or St. Peter's in Rome) significant to a culture. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :CulturalThing . :CulturalEvent :en "cultural event" ; :enn "cultural event" ; :guid "c0b0a0cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events having something to do with some particular #$Culture-Practice. This includes museum displays, concerts, celebrations, etc. (each of which is a considered to be #$subEvents of the culture to which it belongs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :SocialOccurrence . :CulturalPractice :en "cultural practice" ; :guid "be16623e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CulturalPractice is a Custom (a group of ''Action''s that can be a single type of Action) that involves more than one person in the activity, and is therefore a 'SocialOccurrence', and originated in some culture or is to some extent distinctive for a Culture. COSMO note: Culture is an aggregate of beliefs and practices. This concept represents the 'practices' part of a culture. Each CulturalPractice should be an Action representative of the behaviors distinctive to some Culture. CulturalPractices can be complex and include attitudes. But this Type will represent the practice, assuming that it reflects an attitude characteristic of the Culture. In Cyc called 'Culture-Practice': Cyc: A specialization of #$Action and #$SocialOccurrence each instance of which is a very extended, multi-doer event involving material and/or social modifications by #$IntelligentAgents to their environment, as well as a set of learned shared practices which are transmitted amongst all members of any given culture. A notable specialization of this collection is #$HumanCulture, but it also includes any nonhuman animal (e.g. chimpanzee) cultures, cultures created by #$Extraterrestrials and/or AIs. See also #$CulturalEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalEvent, :Custom, :SocialOccurrence, :Tradition . :CulturalTaste :wnsense "culture2n" ; :wordnet "culture" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CulturalTaste'' is a subtype of ''Culture'' that describes the forms of ''Cutural'' events - entertainment and arts and behavior - that some Person(s) most enjoy or appreciate or prefer. Coresponds to noun sense 2 of 'culture' in WordNet: 2. (12) culture - (the tastes in art and manners that are favored by a social group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Custom ] . :CulturalThing :en "cultral thing" ; :enn "cultral thing" ; :guid "c1387024-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all temporal things, including activities, beliefs, and objects, that are either created or adopted by any culture that has them, and thus can distinguish one culture or set of cultures from another. NOTE: A CulturalThing does not have to be unique to a single culture, but to serve as a distinguishing feature, it should not be common to a majority of the cultures defined in the ontology. Some examples of 'CulturalThing' (From Otis Military Cultural Terms): 'Cultures have symbols that provide non-language in-group communication. This includes: body marking, wearing of symbolic art, fetishes, colors, geometric design, ground markings, and use of television and media for communication of in-group religious beliefs and practices are known. Poetry seems especially important as it is shorthand for other forms of written communication. Music is a powerful symbol of religious practice and carries messages far and above the actual words, rhythm, instrumentation, or tune.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeterogeneousCategory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cultural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Culturally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Cultural ; :wnsense "culturally1adv" ; :wordnet "culturally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Culturally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action or Adjective, specifying that the reference is to the''Cultural'' aspect. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'culturally' in Wordnet: 1. (3) culturally - (with regard to a culture; 'culturally integrated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Culture :wnsense "acculturation2n", "civilisation2n", "civilization3n", "culture1n", "culture3n", "culture6n" ; :wordnet "acculturation", "civilisation", "civilization", "culture" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A very broad concept: the sum of the beliefs and practices (including preferences in any form of behavior) and distinctive artifacts that distinguish the style of living of some human group. See also 'Subculture' and 'CulturalThing'. This can be represented as a Group of behaviors ('ways of living', 'customs', 'traditions') and/or Beliefs that distinguish the culture from others. NOTE: 'culture' as pertains to the kinds of entertainment, arts, or social behavior that some Person(s) most prefer is represented by the subtype ''CulturalTaste''. The definition for the sociological sense is adopted from the Random House Webster: RHW: (Anthropology) the sum total of ways of living built up by a group of human beings and transmitted from one generation to another. For COSMO, this includes not merely groups focused on some geographical area, but also groups who adopt sets of beliefs and practices for a particular purpose; therefore 'scientific culture' would be a specialization of this sense and could describe the ways scientists behave *as scientists*. An individual may participate in more than one culture. Artifacts are included in this sense, because it can be said that certain artifacts are part of a culture, even though the meaning may be phrased that creation or liking of such artifacts are part of the behavior associated with a Culture. NOTE that subgroups of a particular Culture may have their own subculture, such as 'TeenageCulture'. In the Yale HRAF, the term 'TOTAL CULTURE' appears to be used as the base category for comments about 'Culture', and is described thus: (TOTAL_CULTURE, code 180): Summary statements on the total culture as analyzed, interpreted, or described. The '180' categories are intended to include descriptive and interpretive materials which pertain to the entire culture or which override a number of more specific categories. Consequently much of the material pertinent to the individual topics below will be found only under other headings. Includes noun senses 3 and 6, and part of sense 1 of 'culture' in WordNet; (sense 1 appears to include the individuals adhering to a culture, but that sense is not included here): in WordNet: 1. (17) culture, civilization, civilisation - (a particular society at a particular time and place; 'early Mayan civilization') 3. (6) acculturation, culture - (all the knowledge and values shared by a society) 6. culture - (the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization; 'the developing drug culture'; 'the reason that the agency is doomed to inaction has something to do with the FBI culture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Custom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CulturalPractice ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Cumin :hasQualitativeAttribute :Fragrant ; :isDerivedFrom :CuminPlant, :CuminSeed ; :wnsense "cumin seed1n", "cumin2n" ; :wordnet "cumin", "cumin seed" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cumin'' is a ''Spice'' derived from the ''CuminPlant''. The WN gloss says 'seeds' but the spice used in cooking is usually the powdered seeds. Both can be considered as included here,but should be discriminated. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cumin' in WordNet: 2. cumin, cumin seed - (aromatic seeds of the cumin herb of the carrot family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seasoning, :Spice . :CuminPlant :wnsense "Cuminum cyminum1n", "cumin1n" ; :wordnet "Cuminum cyminum", "cumin" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cumin' in WordNet: 1. cumin, Cuminum cyminum - (dwarf Mediterranean annual long cultivated for its aromatic seeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :CuminSeed :en "cumin seed", "one cumin seed" ; :enn "cumin seed", "one cumin seed" ; a :FruitType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CuminSeed'' is one seed from the ''CuminPlant''. A large number of these is called 'cumin', as is the powder derived from these seeds. Both are referred to as ''Cumin'' in COSMO. NOTE: the WN 'cumin seed' seems to refer to a bunch of individual ''CuminSeed''s, which is a substance. The individual seed is not represented in WN or RHW. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cumin ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuminPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Cummerbund :guid "c0fbcf62-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cummerbund1n" ; :wordnet "cummerbund" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all cummerbunds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cummerbund' in WordNet: 1. cummerbund - (a broad pleated sash worn as formal dress with a tuxedo) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalWear, :Sash, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waist ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belt-Clothing ; owl:onProperty :isSimilarTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TuxedoOutfit ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wide ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cumulative :isAnAttributeValueOf :WebAccessibleFile, :WebBasedServer ; :wnsense "accumulative1adj", "cumulative1adj" ; :wordnet "accumulative", "cumulative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cumulative'' is an attribute of a gradual process that produces an ''Accumulation'' or of the quantity of things that are prodced by the ''Accreting'' or ''AccumulatingSomething'' process. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cumulative' in Wordnet: 1. (5) accumulative, cumulative - (increasing by successive addition; 'the benefits are cumulative'; 'the eventual accumulative effect of these substances') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Available . :CumulativeEvidence :en "cumulative evidence" ; :enn "cumulative evidence" ; a :GroupType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CumulativeEvidence'' is ''Evidence'' that includes more than one form or more than one observation or more than one 'study' , and whose strength in probability or confidence level (or one correlated set of observations) is greater than Evidence derived from only one observation. The strength of Evidence is commonly measured as a probability that is higher than what would be observed if the hypothesized phenomenon had no dependence on the hypothesized causal factor; multiple observations can reduce the likelihood that any apparent correlation is not significantly higher than one that would be observed by random chance. Studies of phenomena that have some degree of chance or multiple causal factors depend heavily on acquiring ''CumulativeEvidence'', as in large clinical trials or surveys of multiple independent tests. The components of ''CumulativeEvidence'' may include the calculations and specifications for the testing procedures, as well as the ''Evidence'' that is used to derive the conclusions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cumulative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Evidence ] . :Cunnilingus :wnsense "cunnilinctus1n", "cunnilingus1n" ; :wordnet "cunnilinctus", "cunnilingus" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cunnilingus' in WordNet: 1. cunnilingus, cunnilinctus - (oral stimulation of the vulva or clitoris) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OralSex, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tongue ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleExternalGenitalia ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :Cup :ldoce "cup" ; :wnsense "cup3n" ; :wordnet "cup" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Cup is an open-top container (which may have a lid that rests on the top but is not fastened on) used used for holding beverages in a convenient form for drinking; it may or may not have a handle. The subtypes designed to hold a hot beverage (tea or coffee) will usually have a handle, though not always. A 'handle' may be foldable to lay near the surface of a cup, as in some disposable paper drinking cups (e'g. for coffee served at a fast-food joint) Cups may be made of glass, ceramic, waxed paper, plastic, or styrofoam, or any other sufficiently rigid material. Note that some cups may have a removable lid, which is not attached and removed while drinking. SUMO: An open FluidContainer that is intended to serve a Beverage to a single person. Note that this class includes both cups with handles and drinking glasses. This corresponds to sense 3 of 'cup' in WordNet: 3. (79) cup - (a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle; 'he put the cup back in the saucer'; 'the handle of the cup was missing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingVessel . :CupFul :isTheQuantityThatWillFillA :Cup ; :ldoce "cup" ; :wnsense "cup2n", "cupful1n" ; :wordnet "cup", "cupful" ; a :ContainerFull ; rdfs:comment """A 'CupFul' is the UOM describing the quantity that will fill one container called a 'Cup.' The Cup can be of varying size, but will typically be from 4 to 12 fluid ounces. For the defined 'cup' of 8 fluid ounces, use 'CupMeasure' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cupful' and sense 2 of 'cup' in WordNet, but note the related sense 1 of 'cup' that is a defined unit of measure and represented by 'CupMeasure' in WordNet: 2. (97) cup, cupful - (the quantity a cup will hold; 'he drank a cup of coffee'; 'he borrowed a cup of sugar') WN Sense 1 of 'cup' is not included here: see 'CupMeasure' 1. (771) cup - (a United States liquid unit equal to 8 fluid ounces) """ . :CupMeasure :ldoce "cup" ; :wnsense "cup1n" ; :wordnet "cup" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a Pint. See also 'Cupful' as an approximate UnitOfMeasure, not the same as this which is a defined unit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cup' in WordNet, but note the related sense 2 that is represented by the UOM 'Cupful' in WordNet: 1. (771) cup - (a United States liquid unit equal to 8 fluid ounces) WN For the approximate 'cup' see 'Cupful' 2. (97) cup, cupful - (the quantity a cup will hold; 'he drank a cup of coffee'; 'he borrowed a cup of sugar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :Cupboard :guid "bd58f51c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cupboard" ; :wnsense "cupboard1n" ; :wordnet "cupboard" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is not the movable piece of furniture nor is it the closet or pantry. This unit refers to kitchen cabinets, built into the kitchen, or medicine cabinets (which may be in a bathroom). NOTE: WordNet only has the more general sense, including rooms in WordNet: 1. (2) cupboard, closet - (a small room (or recess) or cabinet used for storage space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cabinet-StorageConstruction, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction . :Cupcake :guid "bea467b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cupcake1n" ; :wordnet "cupcake" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Cupcakes. These are small, muffin-shaped cakes baked in a special muffin pan. Usually, only the tops are frosted. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'cupcake' in WordNet: 1. cupcake - (small cake baked in a muffin tin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cake, :FingerFood . :CuppedHand :en "cupped hand" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :ContainerType, :LimbType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CuppedHand'' is a ''Hand'' whose fingers have been curled. tightly inward and upward, and is held palm up, so as to hold some powder or liquid.. This is a Hand that is formed to make a makeshift 'cup', i.e. this is a Hand playing the Role of a ''Cup'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cup ; owl:onProperty :isServingInTheRoleOf ] . :Cuprite :guid "bf3f590a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cuprite1n" ; :wordnet "cuprite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of the Mineral sources of element ''Copper''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cuprite' in WordNet: 1. cuprite - (a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalOre, :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copper ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copper ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Curator :wnsense "conservator1n", "curator1n" ; :wordnet "conservator", "curator" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curator' in WordNet: 1. curator, conservator - (the custodian of a collection (as a museum or library)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Custodian, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaintainingAnExposition ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Curb :guid "c0f2b08b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "curb1n" ; :wordnet "curb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A raised concrete or asphalt structure that connects a Sidewalk with a Roadway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curb' in Wordnet: 1. (5) curb, curbing, kerb - (an edge between a sidewalk and a roadway consisting of a line of curbstones (usually forming part of a gutter)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdgeOnObject, :FixedStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Roadway ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sidewalk ] . :Curd :wnsense "curd1n" ; :wordnet "curd" ; a :FoodType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curd' in WordNet: 1. curd - (a coagulated liquid resembling milk curd; 'bean curd'; 'lemon curd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodProduct . :Curdling :wnsense "clotting1n", "coagulation1n", "curdle1v", "curdle2v", "curdle3v", "curdling1n" ; :wordnet "clotting", "coagulation", "curdle", "curdling" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Curdling'' is a 'Clumping'' Event in which a ''LiquidObject'' (a quantity of ''LiquidSubstance'') forms solid particles, which may constitute a small part of the total volume, or (as in ''BloodCoagulation'') make the entire volume solid. This is oonsidered an ''Action'' performed by the LiquidSubstance, by internal physical-chemical mechanisms, possibly assisted by external influences such as churning (e.g. butter) or heating, or adding something (an acid, e.g.). Similar type is 'Clotting'' - other than the use for Blood, doesn't seemsto be much difference. transitive/intransitive not yet clearly differentiated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curdling' and includes verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'curdle' and verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'clot' in WordNet: 1. (1) curdling, clotting, coagulation - (the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid) WN verb 'curdle'; 1. curdle, clabber, clot - (turn into curds; 'curdled milk') 2. curdle - (go bad or sour; 'The milk curdled') 3. curdle - (turn from a liquid to a solid mass; 'his blood curdled') WN verb 'clot'; 3. curdle, clabber, clot - (turn into curds; 'curdled milk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clumping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lumpy ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Curfew :wnsense "curfew3n" ; :wordnet "curfew" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Curfew'' is a Decree establishing a TimeInterval during which some ''HumanActivity'' must be suspended. This is commonly an overnight interval, but may be longer. a ''Curfew'' may recur daily for some period of time. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'curfew' in WordNet: 3. curfew - (an order that after a specific time certain activities (as being outside on the streets) are prohibited) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decree, :Prohibition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurfewTime ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLimitationOnActionOrRight ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanActivity ] . :CurfewTime a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''CurfewTime'' is the ''TimePoint'' at which the activiies prohibited by a ''Curfew'' must be discontinued until the end of the curfew period. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deadline . :CuringAnAilment :wnsense "bring around2v", "cure1v", "heal3v" ; :wordnet "bring around", "cure", "heal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CuringAnAilment'' is a type of ''RelievingAnAilment'' in which some ''AilmentCondition'' is cured by eliminating the underlying cause. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'cure' in WordNet: 1. (14) bring around, cure, heal - (provide a cure for, make healthy again; 'The treatment cured the boy's acne'; 'The quack pretended to heal patients but never managed to') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eliminating, :RelievingAnAilment, :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :HealingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentCondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysiologicalConditionType ] . :CuringEvent :ldoce "cure" ; :wnsense "cure1v", "heal3v" ; :wordnet "cure", "heal" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some medical treatment results in the curing of a disease state; this is an Action, and will be represented by a transitive sense of a verb. Some disease states may end without treatment, but to be a 'CuringEvent' it is necessary that some AilmentCondition be terminated by the CuringEvent. The restriction requires that the AilmentCondition that is cured must be specified. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cure' in WordNet: 1. (14) bring around, cure, heal - - (provide a cure for, make healthy again; 'The treatment cured the boy's acne'; 'The quack pretended to heal patients but never managed to') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TherapeuticProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentCondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :HealingEvent ] . :Curio :wnsense "curio1n", "curiosity2n", "oddity3n", "oddment2n", "peculiarity3n", "rarity3n" ; :wordnet "curio", "curiosity", "oddity", "oddment", "peculiarity", "rarity" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Curio'' is a 'PhysicalObject' that is not Common, i.e. significantly fewer than half of people have one. It is usually of a size that can be lifted by one person, and typically is a small item ('SmallObject'), that can be held on one hand. Anything collected because of the interest of the collector. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curio' in WordNet: 1. (2) curio, curiosity, oddity, oddment, peculiarity, rarity - (something unusual - perhaps worthy of collecting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalPossession, :PortableObject, :SolidObject, :UnusualThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unusual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Curiosity :guid "c10c317c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Curious ; :wnsense "curiosity1n" ; :wordnet "curiosity" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of feelings of intellectual interest, desire to know (more), to understand (more about) a thing. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'curiosity' in WordNet: 1. (19) curiosity, wonder - (a state in which you want to learn more about something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curious ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Exploring :LearningAboutaTopic :InformationGathering ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LearningAboutaTopic ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom :Topic ] . :Curious :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Curiosity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Incurious ; :wnsense "curious2adj" ; :wordnet "curious" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Curiosity'', and as a consequence acts so as to acquire information about something - whether by exploring some place, or by reading, or by inquiring. This AttributeValue attributes both a Feeling and a Behavior to an Animal. @NOTE this could also be a PersonTrait - term?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curious' in Wordnet: 2. (13) curious - (eager to investigate and learn or learn more (sometimes about others' concerns); 'a curious child is a teacher's delight'; 'a trap door that made me curious'; 'curious investigators'; 'traffic was slowed by curious rubberneckers'; 'curious about the neighbor's doings') 3. curious - (having curiosity aroused; eagerly interested in learning more; 'a trap door that made me curious') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute . :Curiously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Curious ; :wnsense "curiously2adv", "inquisitively1adv", "interrogatively2adv" ; :wordnet "curiously", "inquisitively", "interrogatively" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Curiously'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions to indicate that they were preformed because of or with 'curiosity'. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'curiously' in WordNet: 2. (2) curiously, inquisitively, interrogatively - (with curiosity; 'the baby looked around curiously') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Curium :guid "bdcc061a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "96"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Cm2n", "curium1n" ; :wordnet "Cm", "curium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element ''Curium''. NOTE the CYC gloss has this as an Object, but COSMO usage differs for substances. CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Curium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curium' in WordNet: 1. curium, Cm, atomic number 96 - (a radioactive transuranic metallic element; produced by bombarding plutonium with helium nuclei) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Curl :ldoce "curl" ; :wnsense "curl3n" ; :wordnet "curl" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One or a cluster of spiral strands of hair. This corresponds to sense 12 in Random House Webster: 12, a coil or ringlet of hair. A 'curl' that consists of multiple strands of curled hair is a 'Ringlet'. Should the plural be separate? This sense appears to be only part of sense 3 in WordNet, though the documentation for that sense does not reference the curly nature of that hair. in WordNet: 3. lock, curl, ringlet, whorl - (a strand or cluster of hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanHairObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curly ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Curling :wnsense "curling1n" ; :wordnet "curling" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curling' in WordNet: 1. curling - (a game played on ice in which heavy stones with handles are slid toward a target) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurlingGame ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :CurlingEvent :eng "curling" ; :ldoce "curl" ; :wnsense "curl4v" ; :wordnet "curl" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which someone curls hair to create 'Curl's (curled hair). Often uses ''HairRoller''s (or a curling iron). Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'curl' in WordNet: 4. (1) curl, wave - (twist or roll into coils or ringlets; 'curl my hair, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairCare, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curl ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairRoller ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :CurlingGame :wnsense "curling1n" ; :wordnet "curling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The GameEvent, distinguished from 'Curling' the specification for the game. No such distinction is made in WN.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curling' in WordNet: 1. curling - (a game played on ice in which heavy stones with handles are slid toward a target) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curling ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurlingStone ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :CurlingStone :en "curling stone" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StoneArtifact'' is any ArtifactObject made of ''Stone'. RHW 'curling stone': a large, heavy, ellipsoidal stone or a similar object made of iron, usually having one rough side and one smooth side with a hole in the center of each for screwing in a handle by which the stone is released, for use in the game of curling. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameArtifact, :StoneArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurlingGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Curly :wnsense "curly1n" ; :wordnet "curly" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Curly'' is a specialization of ''Spiral'' used to describe hair (usually a HumanHairObject') that has multiple ''Spirals'' set together in a tubular form, and may have multiple sets of such sets of spirals. This can therefore refer to a single 'curl'' of hair, or of a whole head of hair with prominent curls. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'curly' in WordNet: 1. (2) curly - ((of hair) having curls or waves; 'they envied her naturally curly hair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Helical, :Spiral . :Currant :wnsense "currant1n" ; :wordnet "currant" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Currant'' is a small Berry borne by the ''CurrantBush''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'currant' in WordNet: 1. (1) currant - (any of several tart red or black berries used primarily for jellies and jams) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Berry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurrantBush ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :CurrantBush :guid "bd58ac3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "currant bush1n", "currant2n" ; :wordnet "currant", "currant bush" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC labeled ''Currant''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'currant' in WordNet: 2. currant, currant bush - (any of various deciduous shrubs of the genus Ribes bearing currants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :CropPlant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Currant ; owl:onProperty :bearsFruitType ] . :CurrencyBill :guid "bd58898f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "bill" ; :wnsense "bill3n" ; :wordnet "bill" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CurrencyBill is a paper-like CurrencyObject valid as tender in some governmental jurisdiction. It is typically oblong and of high-quality paper like linen, and may have special objects woven into the paper, as a counterfeiting preventive measure. In Cyc called 'Bill-Currency': cyc: A specialization of #$Currency. Each instance of this collection is an object, generally made of paper (sometimes plastic) used to transfer a quantity of #$Money between #$Agents. The piece of paper iteself is of little value, but the bill has the value it does because, due to governmental and societal agreement, it can be exchanged for objects or services. It is often engraved (see #$Engraving-Print) with a watermark in order to forestall counterfeiting. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bill' in WordNet: 3. (105) bill, note, government note, bank bill, banker's bill, bank note, banknote, Federal Reserve note, greenback - (a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank); 'he peeled off five one-thousand-zloty notes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Certificate, :CurrencyObject, :Paper-IBO, :SheetArtifact, :SheetOfPaper, :SmallObject . :CurrencyObject :guid "bd58cc42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "money" ; :wnsense "legal tender1n", "tender1n" ; :wordnet "legal tender", "tender" ; a :MoneyType, :PhysicalObjectType, :TextType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Coins and bills of any denomination from any country In Cyc called 'Currency'. this must be government issued. 'BitCoin' and similar digital 'currency' are not included. Cyc: A specialization of #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$Currency is a physical object generally accepted as legal tender, and used as a means of transferring a quantity of #$Money (q.v.) between some instances of #$Agent. Instances of #$Currency may be coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government to be accepted for payment of debts. Instances of #$Currency are typically backed by and issued by national governments. In COSMO, 'Money' is generic and can be used in the collective sense; but its subtype 'CurrencyObject' is a type whose instances are individual PhysicalObjects. CurrencyObjects are often referred to as 'money'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legal tender' in WordNet: 1. tender, legal tender - (something used as an official medium of payment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidAsset, :QuantityOfMoney, :TenderObject, :TextualMaterial . :CurrencyUnit :FIBO "currency" ; :wnsense "currency1n" ; :wordnet "currency" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes all official standard measures of monetary value, including UnitedStatesDollar, UnitedStatesCent, Lire, Yen, Euro, etc. Divisions of a currency seems to behave much as the base unit, so for now (rev1043) we leave 'UnitedStatesCent' as an instance. Maybe distinguish? This is a UnitOfMeasure. A MoneyObject will have a value that is a MoneyMeasure. This aligns with FIBO 'currency': This class may be augmented with actual currency code information as specified in ISO 4217 in a subsequent release of this ontology. (skos:definition)medium of exchange value, defined by reference to the geographical location of the authorities responsible for it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'currency' in WordNet, but the WN sense seems to be for the actual physical embodiments ('cash') rather than the abstract unit: in WordNet: 1. (1) currency - (the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :CurrentAdapter :wnsense "adapter2n", "adaptor1n" ; :wordnet "adapter", "adaptor" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CurrentAdapter'' is a ''CurrentConverter'' that changes is used to convert AC current (115 or 140) to DC of a lower voltage to power electrical or electronic devices, or to charge their batteries. Corresponds to part (for ElectronicDevice adapters) of noun sense 2 of 'adapter' in WordNet: 2. adapter, adaptor - (device that enables something to be used in a way different from that for which it was intended or makes different pieces of apparatus compatible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurrentConverter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectronicDevice ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :CurrentConverter :en "current converter" ; :enn "current converter" ; :wnsense "converter1n", "convertor1n" ; :wordnet "converter", "convertor" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CurrentConverter'' is an ''ElectricalComponent'' that changes either the voltage of a current or the type from AC to DC or vice-versa, or both. NOTE: other types of adapters not included here would be devices that adapt tubes of one diameter to tubes of another diameter, or in general connectors that change the size or shape or other attribute of Devices that can connect to each other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convertor' in WordNet: 1. converter, convertor - (a device for changing one substance or form or state into another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdaptingCurrent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :CurrentTransmittingDevice a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device designed to transmit electrical current from one part of a circuit to another. It may also have other functions. A current transmitter is a form of 'Path' - for power. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PowerTransmittingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConductiveObject ] . :CurrentlyOperative :en "operative" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Deprecated ; :wnsense "current1adj", "in operation1adj", "operating2adj", "operational4adj" ; :wordnet "current", "in operation", "operating", "operational" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CurrentlyOperative'' is a broad ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that has some overlap with 'Modern'' in the sense that it is not expired or out of date, but is applied to actions or procedures or usages or assumptions ('operating assumption') that 'currently' are considered appropriate to guide some activity or belief. It does not apply to the validity of documents or laws (for that sense use ''Valid'' and its opposite ''Invalid'' or ''Expired''). Unlike ''Modern'' this does not apply to artifacts,or cultural behaviors (it is not a 'norm') and is not disparagingly contrasted with 'old-fashioned' or 'out of date' but may be contrasted with ''Deprecated'' for ideas or other usages that are no longer considered valid, appropriate, or optimal. Includes part of adjective sense 2 of 'operating' and part of senses 1 and 2 of 'approved' in WordNet: 2. operational, in operation, operating - (being in effect or operation; 'de facto apartheid is still operational even in the 'new' African nations'- Leslie Marmon Silko; 'bus service is in operation during the emergency'; 'the company had several operating divisions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Curricular :isAnAttributeValueOf :CourseOfInstruction ; :pertainsTo :CourseOfInstruction, :CourseOfInstructionPlan ; :wnsense "curricular1adj" ; :wordnet "curricular" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'curricular' in Wordnet: 1. (1) curricular - (of or relating to an academic course of study) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Curry :wnsense "curry1n" ; :wordnet "curry" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curry' in WordNet: 1. curry - ((East Indian cookery) a pungent dish of vegetables or meats flavored with curry powder and usually eaten with rice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurryPowder ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :CurryPowder :wnsense "curry powder1n" ; :wordnet "curry powder" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curry powder' in WordNet: 1. curry powder - (pungent blend of cumin and ground coriander seed and turmeric and other spices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seasoning, :Spice . :CurryingFavor :wnsense "court favor1v", "court favour1v", "curry favor1v", "curry favour1v" ; :wordnet "court favor", "court favour", "curry favor", "curry favour" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CurryingFavor'' is a form of ''Flattering'', with the intention of gaining benefit from a Person able to be helpful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curry favor' in WordNet: 1. curry favor, curry favour, court favor, court favour - (seek favor by fawning or flattery; \"This employee is currying favor with his superordinates\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Flattering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Adulation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excessive ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Humiliating ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Curse :ldoce "curse" ; :wnsense "curse3n" ; :wordnet "curse" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Curse'' is the ''LinguisticAssertion'' produced in the act of ''UtteringaCurse''. This is not just profanity,it is part of producing a magic ''Jinx''. NOTE that a 'hex' or 'jinx' is a state, not a ''LinguisticAssertion''. NOTE that a ''CurseWord' is different from this kind of ''Curse''. Corresponds to *part* (for 'curse') of noun sense 3 of 'curse' in WordNet: 3. (1) hex, jinx, curse, whammy - (an evil spell; 'a witch put a curse on his whole family'; 'he put the whammy on me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UtteringaCurse ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :CurseWord :wnsense "curse word1n", "curse1n", "cuss3n", "expletive1n", "oath1n", "swearing1n", "swearword1n" ; :wordnet "curse", "curse word", "cuss", "expletive", "oath", "swearing", "swearword" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Word that is considered profane or obscene. Corresponds to noun sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (5) curse, curse word, expletive, oath, swearing, swearword, cuss - (profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger; 'expletives were deleted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Profanity ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Curser :ldoce "curser" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Curser'' is a ''Person'' who has uttered, is uttering, or habitually utters a ''CurseWord''. No WN sense """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CursingAtSomeone ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Cursing :en "cursing", "swearing" ; :ldoce "curse", "swear" ; :wnsense "blaspheme1v", "curse1v", "cuss1v", "imprecate2v", "swear1v" ; :wordnet "blaspheme", "curse", "cuss", "imprecate", "swear" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Uttering curse words; swearing, either just in anger or frustration, or at some object or person The more specific cursing directly at a person is represented as a subtype, 'CursingAtSomeone', corresponding to sense 3 in WordNet. NOTE: for 'putting a curse' on someone use ''UtteringaCurse''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'curse' and sense 1 of 'swear' in WordNet: 1. (17) curse, cuss, blaspheme, swear, imprecate - (utter obscenities or profanities; 'The drunken men were cursing loudly in the street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CurseWord ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VulgarSpeech ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :CursingAtSomeone :ldoce "curser" ; :wnsense "curse2v" ; :wordnet "curse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Uttering curse words directed in anger at some person. This is a transitive verb action - the parent 'Cursing' is inransitive. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'curse' in WordNet: 2. (10) curse - (heap obscenities upon; 'The taxi driver who felt he didn't get a high enough tip cursed the passenger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cursing . :CursiveStyleOfWriting :guid "1c3b7d38-74b0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being in the cursive style of writing for the different writing systems""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handwritten ; owl:disjointWith :PrintedStyleOfWriting . :Curtain :ldoce "curtain" ; :wnsense "curtain1n", "drape1n", "drapery1n", "mantle7n", "pall3n" ; :wordnet "curtain", "drape", "drapery", "mantle", "pall" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Sheet of flexible material - usually fabric,but includes plastic shower curtains - used to keep light from passing through some plane of space, and/or for decoration. It can be opaque or translucent. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'curtain' in RHW: 1. a hanging piece of fabric used to shut out the light from a window, adorn a room, increase privacy, etc. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'curtain' in Wordnet: 1. (6) curtain, drape, drapery, mantle, pall - (hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlexibleObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :SheetOfSomeStuff . :Curve :ldoce "curve" ; :wnsense "curved1n" ; :wordnet "curve" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Shape that is long and thin, but not straight, including abstract entities and their physical representations or embodiments. Not necessarily a ''Line''. NOTE: to specify a curve by listing a number of points on the curve requires that some interpolation algorithm be defined to calculate the points on the curve that are not in the list. In general, the interpolation method may vary from segment to segment on a Curve. There are a number of different interpolation methods, among which are those listed in the OGC 'Geographic Markup Language' (see: http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=20509): 10.4.7.3 CurveInterpolationType (simpleType name='CurveInterpolationType') (restriction base='string') enumeration value='linear' enumeration value='geodesic' enumeration value='circularArc3Points' enumeration value='circularArc2PointWithBulge' enumeration value='circularArcCenterPointWithRadius' enumeration value='elliptical' enumeration value='clothoid' enumeration value='conic' enumeration value='polynomialSpline' enumeration value='cubicSpline' enumeration value='rationalSpline' (end restriction) (end simpleType) @ToDo: this type should have relations pointing to the interpolation methods used to describe the intermediate points of a curve. Perhaps define a 'PointInterpolatedCurve' subtype?? This corresponds to sense 1 of 'curve' in WordNet: curve, curved shape - (the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :ShapedThing, :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CurveBall :en "curveball" ; :enn "curveball" ; :wnsense "bender3n", "breaking ball1n", "curve ball1n", "curve3n" ; :wordnet "bender", "breaking ball", "curve", "curve ball" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CurveBall'' is a ''BaseballPitch'' event in which the ball traverses a line that is not simply curved downward from gravity, as all pitches are, but also moves to some extent in a sidewards direction (left or right) as it approaches the 'home plate', making it harder for the hitter to determine its likely position.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curve ball' in WordNet: 1. curve, curve ball, breaking ball, bender - (a pitch of a baseball that is thrown with spin so that its path curves as it approach the batter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPitch . :CurveInaRoad :ldoce "curve" ; :wnsense "curve1n" ; :wordnet "curve" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A part of road that is curved." ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurvedObject, :Roadway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Curved :isTheOppositeOf :Straight ; :wnsense "curved1adj" ; :wordnet "curved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being LongAndThin, but not straight. The curved surface of a solid like a sphere is not included in this type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 in Wordnet: 1. (5) curved, curving - (having or marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend; 'the curved tusks of a walrus'; 'his curved lips suggested a smile but his eyes were hard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThin, :ShapeAttribute . :CurvedBirdBill :isAnOrganicPartOf :Bird ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BirdBill'' that is ''Curved'' so that the end distal from the head points downward when the Bird is standing upright. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirdBill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CurvedBlade :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade9n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CurvedBlade'' is a ''Blade'' that is curved rather than straight, usually forming an arc that is less than half a circle. Found in a scythe, sickle, or scimitar or carpet knife. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 9 of 'blade' (used for cutting) in WordNet: 9. blade - (the flat part of a tool or weapon that (usually) has a cutting edge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blade . :CurvedObject :guid "42fc2474-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "curve" ; :wnsense "curve1n" ; :wordnet "curve" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An object that is long and thing, but not #$Straight. A curved road and a DraperyHook are included. The closest WordNet sense is sense 1 of 'curve': in WordNet: 1. (20) curve, curved shape - (the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes) 2. (10) curve - (a line on a graph representing data) 4. curvature, curve - (the property possessed by the curving of a line or surface) 5. bend, curve - (curved segment (of a road or river or railroad track etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cushion :guid "bd58a318-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cushion1n" ; :wordnet "cushion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A soft, stuffed Artifact to support some part of the body while one is sleeping or relaxing. Typically a bag-like object with a fabric surface. Approximately the same as CYC: 'Cushion-PartOfFurniture', but it can be stand-alone, not just a part of furniture. The 'padding'is solid, so an air mattress would not be an instance (@ToDO - how to handle?- add air to ''Padding'' in restriction?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cushion' in Wordnet: 2. cushion - (a soft bag filled with air or a mass of padding such as feathers or foam rubber etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ContainerAndContents, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :DurableGood, :SpongyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bag ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Padding ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Resting-RelaxingEvent ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fabric ; owl:onProperty :surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cushioning :wnsense "buffer2v", "cushion1v", "soften4v" ; :wordnet "buffer", "cushion", "soften" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cushioning'' is the act of adding (by ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'') a ''Cushion'' of some kind to the surface of a \"HardObject\" to make the surface softer, for any purpose. This can be adding a 'seat cushion' to a seat to make sitting more comfortable, or adding 'padding' to an object being shipped to reduce the likelihood of damage, or adding 'padding' to the walls of a cell to keep an inmate from harming her/himself, or to cushion a floor to make it less likely to break objects that fall, or any other purpose. So this is a very general but *literal* sense of 'cushioning'. Corresponds to the literal part of verb sense 1 of 'cushion' in WordNet: 1. (2) cushion, buffer, soften - (protect from impact; 'cushion the blow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cushion ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cushion ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOfaHardObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :Custard :guid "c141b202-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "custard1n" ; :wordnet "custard" ; a :FoodType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sweet dessert made with milk and eggs. Custard usually has a thick, smooth consistency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'custard' in WordNet: 1. custard - (sweetened mixture of milk and eggs baked or boiled or frozen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DessertSubstance, :FoodConcoction, :SweetTastingSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milk ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Egg-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Custodian :wnsense "custodian1n", "keeper2n", "steward5n" ; :wordnet "custodian", "keeper", "steward" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Custodian'' is a ''Guardian' of some form of ''Property''(which cannot be a Person), as contrasted with other 'guardians' who are in charge with protecting other people (such as a ''ChildGuardian''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'custodian' in WordNet: 1. (1) custodian, keeper, steward - (one having charge of buildings or grounds or animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Guardian, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingProperty ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Custody :wnsense "custody1n", "custody2n", "detainment1n", "detention1n", "hold5n" ; :wordnet "custody", "detainment", "detention", "hold" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Custody'' is a ''Keeping'' of a Person by the police or some other governmental authority. Includes transitive and intransitive senses of noun sense 1 of 'custody' in WordNet: 1. (1) detention, detainment, hold, custody - (a state of being confined (usually for a short time); 'his detention was politically motivated'; 'the prisoner is on hold'; 'he is in the custody of police') 2. custody - (holding by the police; 'the suspect is in custody') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InterAgentSituation-TwoAgent, :Keeping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ; owl:someValuesFrom :Captive ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Confining ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Custom :ldoce "custom" ; :wnsense "custom1n" ; :wordnet "custom" ; a :ActionType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Custom is a GroupPractice that is practiced frequently or at certain intervals within a GroupOfPeople. It may be performed by an Individual person or by more than one person. A Custom does not have to be practiced frequently by an individual - for example, the Custom of having a big celebration at one's 60th birthday will only be observed once for an individual, though it may occur frequently within a GroupOfPeople. The Custom of bedtime prayers may be preacticed alone by an individual within certain religious groups. Some ''Custom''s are specific to certain ''Culture''s. A'customary' or traditional practice specific to one individual should be classified as a ''Habit''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'custom' in WordNet: 1. (4) custom, usage, usance - (accepted or habitual practice) 2. (3) custom, tradition - (a specific practice of long standing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :GroupPractice . :Custom-Made :guid "c052adc2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Customizing ; :wnsense "custom-made1adj", "custom1adj", "customised1adj", "customized1adj" ; :wordnet "custom", "custom-made", "customised", "customized" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: an attribute, not an Object. Cyc: The collection of all things which are unique and made for one customer, possibly according to that customer's specifications; made to order. Instances include tailored clothes, suspension bridges, skyscrapers, and some meals. Tract houses, manufactured houses, and (most) mobile homes are not instances of this collection, although Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'custom-made' in Wordnet: 1. custom-made, customized, custom, customised - (made according to the specifications of an individual) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Custom-MadeObject :guid "c052adc2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In cyc, named 'Custom-Made'. Cyc: The collection of all things which are unique and made for one customer, possibly according to that customer's specifications; made to order. Instances include tailored clothes, suspension bridges, skyscrapers, and some meals. Tract houses, manufactured houses, and (most) mobile homes are not instances of this collection, although """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Custom-Made ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CustomType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that refer to ''Custom''s by their type label. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :CustomarySystemOfLinks :guid "c0ee5ac3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SpatialThing-Localized. Each instance of #$CustomarySystemOfLinks is a customary or conventional network system consisting of interconnected links (instances of #$Path-Customary) and nodes of obvious types, where the elements of the system (i.e., the points, nodes, and links of the system) can be assumed without specifying them as sets (note that this is in contrast to instances of #$PathSystem, in which the sets of point, nodes, links, and loops (if any) have to be specified for the system). Instances of #$CustomarySystemOfLinks include pipe systems, road systems, vascular systems, wiring systems, and mechanical linkages. The links of any #$CustomarySystemOfLinks are assumed to share certain characteristics. For example, in a road system, pipes are not links, nor are streetlights, road paint, or other non-roadways; only the roadways forming the road system are links in that system. Moreover, what constitutes a #$JunctionOfPaths (q.v.) or #$pathTerminus (q.v.) in the system should be obvious from the system type. The links are related to the assumed system by #$linksOfCustomarySystem (q.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialThing-Localized . :Customer :ldoce "customer" ; :wnsense "client2n", "customer1n" ; :wordnet "client", "customer" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Customer' is an agent that buys something - goods or services - from a Business, or performs some transaction that is not a ''Buying'' but is performed by those to whom a business addresses its services. This includes individuals, groups, organizations - any IntelligentAgent. @ToDo: This type implies a vendor: not yet (r975) specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'customer' in WordNet, but note that the Wordnet documentation does not anticipate organizations as customers, and the Wordnet sense is interpreted broadly to include such agents. in WordNet: 1. (25) customer, client - (someone who pays for goods or services) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beneficiary, :Buyer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaCustomerOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ] . :Customers :wnsense "business9n", "clientele1n", "patronage2n" ; :wordnet "business", "clientele", "patronage" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clientele' in WordNet: 1. (1) clientele, patronage, business - (customers collectively; 'they have an upper class clientele') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Customer ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Customizing :wnsense "custom-make1v", "customise1v", "customize1v", "tailor-make2v" ; :wordnet "custom-make", "customise", "customize", "tailor-make" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'customize' in WordNet: 1. custom-make, customize, customise, tailor-make - (make to specifications; 'I had this desk custom-made for me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaPhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Custom-Made ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Cut :wnsense "cut2n", "gash1n", "slash1n", "slice3n" ; :wordnet "cut", "gash", "slash", "slice" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cut'' is a 'Wound'' caused by ''CuttingSomething'' in which the 'something' is the Skin of an animal, in which has some part has been separated along some line of any length (greater than 1 mm and less than the whole body). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cut' in WordNet: 2. (130) cut, gash, slash, slice - (a wound made by cutting; 'he put a bandage over the cut') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Separation, :Wound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingTheSkin ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :CutFlower :guid "bdbcdafd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CutFlower is a part of a FloweringPlant that has been severed from the living plant, and that contains a Flower on it. It usually contains part of the stem of the flower as well, but even if all of the stem has been removed, it still is an instance of this 'CutFlower' type. NOTE: Cyc has 'CutFlower' as a subtype of 'decoration', but in COSMO that is not necessarily true, as a flower may be cut to derive substances from it (such as perfume). For one decoration sense see 'FloralArrangement'. NOTE also that Cyc permits they type 'CutFlower' to include plant parts that are not true flowers - in COSMO only true flowers are included, and this usage differs. Cyc: Instances are pieces of vegetation, often consisting of a #$Flower-BotanicalPart and part of the stem, which are typically placed in water in combination with a variety of other #$CutFlowers and used as decoration in homes, offices and other places people hang out. Not every instance of #$CutFlower includes a single flower -- some include multiple inflorescences, such as 'babies' breath'. Some include no flowers at all, such as cuttings of willow or greenery.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FloweringPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flower ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :CutOfMeat :en "piece of meat" ; :wnsense "cut of meat1n", "cut3n" ; :wordnet "cut", "cut of meat" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CutOfMeat'' is a ''MeatObject'' produced by ''CuttingMeat'', whether after cooking or before (as is done by a ''Butcher''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cut of meat' in WordNet: 1. cut, cut of meat - (a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeatObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingMeat ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Cute :hasTheAttributeNominalForm "cuteness"^^xsd:string ; :wnsense "cute1adj" ; :wordnet "cute" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Cute' (is a form of ''Appealing'' often used of children and animals who are not trying cosciously to be Appealing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cute' in WordNet: 1. (1) cunning, cute - (attractive especially by means of smallness or prettiness or quaintness; 'a cute kid with pigtails'; 'a cute little apartment'; 'cunning kittens'; 'a cunning baby') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appealing, :Attractive . :Cutlet :wnsense "cutlet1n", "escallop2n", "scallop3n", "scollop2n" ; :wordnet "cutlet", "escallop", "scallop", "scollop" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cutlet'' is a ''SliceOfMeat'' that is from animal muscle, not processed like hamburer or a sausage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutlet' in WordNet: 1. cutlet, scallop, scollop, escallop - (thin slice of meat (especially veal) usually fried or broiled) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food-ReadyToEat, :SliceOfMeat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :CutoffValve :en "cut-off", "cutoff valve" ; :enn "cut-off", "cutoff valve" ; :wnsense "cutoff3n" ; :wordnet "cutoff" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CutoffValve'' is a ''Valve'' in a Pipe that is used mostly to allow flow or to stop flow in the valve, rather than controlling the flow in increments, as a ''Faucet'' does. In effect, it is like an ''On-OffSwitch'' for the flow of fluids in a ''Pipe''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cutoff' in WordNet: 3. cutoff - (a device that terminates the flow in a pipe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :FlowRegulator, :Valve, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidFlowEvent ; owl:onProperty :controls ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pipe ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Cutter-NavalWatercraft :en "cutter" ; :enn "cutter" ; :guid "beb6d38d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of military cutters. RHW: 4. Also called revenue cutter. a lightly armed government vessel used to prevent smuggling and enforce the customs regulations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModernNavalShip . :Cutthroat :isaValueOf :PersonalityTrait ; :ldoce "fierce" ; :wnsense "bowelless1adj", "cutthroat1adj", "fierce3adj" ; :wordnet "bowelless", "cutthroat", "fierce" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Cutthroat' is an AttributeValue of a Person that has a high degree of competitiveness. This attribute may apply only for a short time or in a specific situation, as during a competition. However, it may also be used to characterize an animal's (or person's) habitual mode of behavior in some types of situation. This corresponds only to adjective sense 3 of 'fierce' in WordNet, regarding competitiveness: in WordNet: 3. (1) cutthroat, fierce, bowelless - (ruthless in competition; 'cutthroat competition'; 'bowelless readiness to take advantage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competitive . :CutthroatTrout :en "Salmo clarkii", "cutthroat trout" ; :guid "c04255d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: a spotted trout, Salmo clarkii, of coastal streams of western North America, having a reddish streak on each side of the throat. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trout . :CuttingBackAnActivity :wnsense "bring down6v", "cut back2v", "cut down1v", "cut2v", "cutback1n", "reduce1v", "trim back1v", "trim down1v", "trim3v" ; :wordnet "bring down", "cut", "cut back", "cut down", "cutback", "reduce", "trim", "trim back", "trim down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CuttingBackAnActivity'' is an Action taken to reduce the number or frequency of some ''PurposefulAction'' that is being performed by an ''IntelligentAgent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutback' in WordNet: 1. cutback - (a reduction in quantity or rate) WN verb 'cut back': 2. (1) reduce, cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring down - (cut down on; make a reduction in; 'reduce your daily fat intake'; 'The employer wants to cut back health benefits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PurposefulAction :ActionGroup :ActionType ) ] ] . :CuttingDevice :guid "bd589153-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cutting implement1n" ; :wordnet "cutting implement" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$CuttingDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to (enable its user to) cut another object. Specializations of #$CuttingDevice include the collections #$Razor, #$Scissors, and #$LawnMower. [NOTE: CYC 'powered' can mean muscle-powered]. NOTE that although a 'CuttingDevice' typically has a blade, it is possible, as with an industrial laser, to cut without a using blade. NOTE also that a 'CuttingDevice' may be used for piercing, not just slicing with the shartp edge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutting implement' in WordNet: 1. cutting implement - (a tool used for cutting or slicing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :DangerousTangibleThing, :PoweredDevice, :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingSomething ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :CuttingDeviceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CuttingDeviceType'' is a metatype which is used to relate types of ''CuttingDevice''s to other things. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceType . :CuttingEdge :wnsense "cutting edge1n", "forefront2n", "vanguard3n" ; :wordnet "cutting edge", "forefront", "vanguard" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CuttingEdge'' is an ''Endeavor'' performed by some ''Person or ''GroupOfPeople'' that is in the most advanced state (advanced toward a goal, or most novel) of those participating in some ''CommonEndeavor''. NOTE: the WN gloss also has an 'idea' at the forefront, so can ideas be considered as a type of ''Endeavor''?? This should be interpreted as developing an idea, not a static developed idea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutting edge' in WordNet: 1. (1) vanguard, forefront, cutting edge - (the position of greatest importance or advancement; the leading position in any movement or field; 'the Cotswolds were once at the forefront of woollen manufacturing in England'; 'the idea of motion was always to the forefront of his mind and central to his philosophy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Endeavor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommonEndeavor ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Advanced-Modern ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :CuttingHair :CYC "HairCuttingEvent" ; :guid "bd58b0e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "haircut1n" ; :wordnet "haircut" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CuttingHair'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts some quantity of ''Hair'', on any kind of animal. This includes shaving. CYC 'HairCuttingEvent': The collection of hair cutting events. This refers to the whole (composite) event of getting/giving a haircut, not to cutting individual strands of hair. The latter are #$subEvents of #$HairCuttingEvent. Includes noun sense 2 of 'haircut' in WordNet: 2. haircut - (the act of cutting the hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, :PersonalGrooming, :ProfessionalServicing, :ShapingHair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :CuttingInPieces :guid "c037beb1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carve3v", "cut up1v" ; :wordnet "carve", "cut up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all cutting events [#$CuttingSomething] in which there is a complete separation [#$Separation-Complete] so that two (or more) distinct connected objects result. The pieces may be of similar or vastly dissimilar size. For example, #$DrillingSomething and #$SawingSomething are specializations of #$CuttingInPieces since small pieces (e.g. sawdust) are removed from the larger piece. NOTE:'carving' applied to food is represented by the subtype ''CarvingFood''. The WN sysnsets do not appear to make a clear distinction between between 'slicing' things to get slices and cutting something to remove superfluous material and produce a residual formed object (as in sculpture). This type takes the 'cut up' part of the synset 'carve, cut up' to represent the most general cutting to product more than one object (not just an incision). The 'carve' to produce a series of slices is included in ''CarvingSomething'' where it is taken as the 'carve' part of the synset. The cutting to produce a form is represented by subtype ''Sculpting''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cut up' in WordNet: 1. (2) carve, cut up - (cut to pieces; 'Father carved the ham') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, :Separation-Complete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :CuttingMeat a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CuttingMeat'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts some quantity of ''Meat''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MeatObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :CuttingMetal :en "cutting a sheet of metal", "cutting metal" ; :enn "cutting a sheet of metal", "cutting metal" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CuttingMetal'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts some SeetOfSomeStuff consisting of ''Metal''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfMetal ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :CuttingOrGrindingType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some class of 'cutting' or 'grinding' as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :EventType . :CuttingSomething :guid "bd58a3ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cut" ; :wnsense "cut1v", "cut5n", "cutting8n" ; :wordnet "cut", "cutting" ; a :CuttingOrGrindingType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CuttingSomething' is a subtype of 'SeparationEvent' that is necesarily performed by a 'CuttingDevice'. NOTE that in the case of, e.g. cutting by a laser, the laser is still a 'CuttingDevice' though it doesn't have a blade. But typically CuttingDevices have blades. A ''CuttingSomething'' may or may not remove a portion of the object that is ut, or it may just separate an object into two or more pieces without removing material. An example of ''CuttingSomething'' that removesmaterial is a ''DrillingaHole'' where the hole is produced by removing material with a ''Drill. CYC: A specialization of both #$HandlingADevice and #$SeparationEvent. Each instance of #$CuttingSomething is an event in which some piece of material stuff is cut, whether or not a complete separation of parts occurs. Specializations of #$CuttingSomething include #$CuttingNails, #$Butchering, and #$CuttingFabric. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'cut' in WordNet: 1. (58) cut - (separate with or as if with an instrument; 'Cut the rope') WN noun 'cutting': 8. cut, cutting - (the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge; 'his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, :Modification, :SeparationEvent . :CuttingTheSkin a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CuttingTheSkin'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' that causes a separation (of any length) of some part of the''Skin' of an Animal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cut ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CuttingTool :wnsense "cutter6n", "cutting tool1n" ; :wordnet "cutter", "cutting tool" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN has some fine distinctions around cutting devices. This type includes sharp-edged tools,but not saws. subtype: bolt cutter cigar cutter die glass cutter tile cutter edge tool (includes bladed tools - knives and chisels) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutting tool' in WordNet: 1. cutter, cutlery, cutting tool - (a cutting implement; a tool for cutting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blade ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnifeEdge ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :CuttingUpaTree a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'CuttingUpaTree' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts a tree into pieces, which may be discrete logs or wood chips. This can be done by chopping or sawing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Logging ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :CuttingaGroove :en "cut a groove", "cutting a groove" ; :eng "grooving" ; :wnsense "groove1v" ; :wordnet "groove" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CuttingaGroove'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts a ''Groove' into the surface of a SolidObject. NOTE that Grooves can be produced in plastics by pressing and forming, but this is only for the cutting or grinding process that produces a groove. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'groove' in WordNet: 1. groove - (make a groove in, or provide with a groove; 'groove a vinyl record') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Groove ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :CuttingaGrooveInWood a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CuttingaGrooveInWood'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts a ''Groove' into the surface of some piece of ''Wood''.. #Wood\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingaGroove, :Woodcarving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WoodenObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Groove ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Cuttings :en "cuttings" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Cuttings'' is a ''FragmentGroup'' created by an Action of ''CuttingSomething''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FragmentGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :Cyanide :guid "3fa80b86-7740-41d7-942d-949d36733298" ; :wnsense "cyanide2n" ; :wordnet "cyanide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Cyanide'' by itself is an anion, but this type collects all poisonous chenicals whose toxic nature derives from the ability to release cyanide ion into the blood fluids. Thus, organic cyanides, which do not ionize, are not subtypes. The WN subtypes (not represented yet) are: sodium cyanide - (a white poisonous salt (NaCN) used in electroplating) potassium cyanide - (a poisonous salt (KCN) used in electroplating and in photography) CYC: An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType.Instances of #$Cyanide are harmful substances where each molecule consists of a #$CyanideIon with one or more atoms of another element. Specializations of #$Cyanide include #$CyanogenChloride, #$SodiumCyanide, and #$HydrogenCyanide. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'cyanide' (includes hydrocyanic acid itself) in WordNet: 2. cyanide - (an extremely poisonous salt of hydrocyanic acid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToxicSubstance . :Cycle :ldoce "cycle" ; :wnsense "cycle1n", "rhythm3n", "round2n" ; :wordnet "cycle", "rhythm", "round" ; a :CycleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which at least one relevant fluent returns to its original value. Usually, a Cycle is one of a contiguous repeated series of Events of the same type, but a single Cycle is included in this type. Each instance of ''Cycle'' is also an instance of the parent ''Iteration''. NOTE that a cycle of 'worsening' and 'recovery' would fit the generic concept represented here, but that is not yet (Rev1337) included as subtypes. For an Event consisting of multiple ''Cycle''s use ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' or ''Alternating''. NOTE: this is an Event that can be but it not necessarily a part of a repeating series of similar Events; for a 'cycle' of time in some cyclic time theory or world view, use ''CyclicTimeLoop''. NOTE that the Longman defining term 'cycle' is only used as a verb, but we include the Longman term in COSMO because cyclic Events are rather common. Most closely Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cycle' , but in WordNet this seems to be a TimeInterval while in COSMO it is an Event, so they are not equivalent.: in WordNet: 1. (4) cycle, rhythm, round - (an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; 'the never-ending cycle of the seasons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Iteration, :OrderedPairOfThings . :CycleType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''CycleType'' is a metatype which can serve as type for ''Cycle''s.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventType . :CyclesPerSecond :hasRepeatedEntity :Cycle ; :hasUnit :perSecond ; a :FrequencyUnit, :RateUnit . :CyclesPerSecondMeasure :en "Hertz", "cycles per second" ; :wnsense "Hz1n", "cps1n", "hertz1n" ; :wordnet "Hz", "cps", "hertz" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CyclesPerSecondMeasure'' is a Frequency in which the repeated unit is 'Cycle' and the RateUnit is ''perSecond''.. @db121 @ToDo: frequencies are still not well represented. Because it is a subtype of ''OrderedPair'' instances of this type need a 'hasFirstElement' relation, but also as a quantitative unit of measure, they need a 'hasUnit' to reference the same item. This duplication may be eliminated by changing the domain/range of 'hasUnit'??? and making it a subproperty of 'hasFirstElement'>>> Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hertz' in WordNet: 1. hertz, Hz, cycle per second, cycles/second, cps, cycle - (the unit of frequency; one hertz has a periodic interval of one second) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frequency, :RateMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CyclesPerSecond ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CyclesPerSecond ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ] . :CyclicEventSeries :en "cyclic event series" ; :enn "cyclic event series" ; a :GroupType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CyclicEventSeries'' is a Group of Events in sequence, each instance of which is a Cycle, i.e. an Event in which some defining fluent (attribute) returns to its initial value. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReiterativeEventSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Cycle :CycleType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :CyclicMovement :wnsense "circle4n", "circuit6n", "lap5n" ; :wordnet "circle", "circuit", "lap" ; a :CycleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CyclicMovement'' is a ''Translation-Complete'' (some whole object moves) that is a ''Cycle'' (an Event that returns to its original state - in this case, the original location). It may or may not be repeated, so it is an ''Iteration'' that *can* be repeated, but this type represents only *one* such ''cycle''. A 'lap' of a race around a cyclic path (circle, oval) can be accomplished by an animal on foot or in a vehicle (foot race, dog race auto race, chariot race). There is no constraint on the size of the Object moving over the Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'circuit' in WordNet: 6. lap, circle, circuit - (movement once around a course; 'he drove an extra lap just for insurance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cycle, :Iteration, :Movement-TranslationEvent . :CyclicTimeInterval a :TemporalLocationType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CyclicTimeInterval' is some interval of time within a ''CyclicTimeLoop''; the 'CyclicTimeInterval' can be a complete ''CyclicTimeLoop'' (which is a subtype). This type is not expected to represent anything in our real universe, but it is included to represent the cyclic time that can be referred to in exotic physical theories, or in some traditional views of time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemporalLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTemporalLocation ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureTimeInterval ] . :CyclicTimeLoop a :TemporalLocationType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CyclicTimeLoop'' is a 'CyclicTimeInterval' that extends completely around some hypothetical time loop, so that the beginning and ending points of the time interval are the same TimePoint.. This type is not expected to represent anything in our real universe, but it is included to represent the cyclic time that can be referred to in exotic physical theories, or in some traditional views of time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CyclicTimeInterval . :Cycling :en "cycling" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Cycling'' is the ''Sport'' whose execution involvess ''RidingaCycle'', either ''RidingaMotocyce''.or ''BicycleRacing'' (with subevent ''Pedaling''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingaCycle ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Cyclist :wnsense "bicycler1n", "bicyclist1n", "cyclist1n", "wheeler4n" ; :wordnet "bicycler", "bicyclist", "cyclist", "wheeler" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cyclist'' is a Person who rides a ''Bicycle''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cyclist' in WordNet: 1. (8) cyclist, bicyclist, bicycler, wheeler - (a person who rides a bicycle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rider, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingaBicycle ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingaBicycle ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bicycle ; owl:onProperty :controlsManually ] . :Cyclists :en "Cyclists" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Cyclone :wnsense "cyclone2n" ; :wordnet "cyclone" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cyclone'' is a ''WindStorm'' consisting of winds whirling in a circular pattern, with or without a visible 'funnel'. This is not the technical 'cyclone' of meteorology, but the common meaning for a local weather phenomenon. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cyclone' in Wordnet: 2. cyclone - (a violent rotating windstorm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WindStorm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotating ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cyclotron :wnsense "cyclotron1n" ; :wordnet "cyclotron" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cyclotron' in WordNet: 1. cyclotron - (an accelerator that imparts energies of several million electron-volts to rapidly moving particles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ParticleAccelerator . :Cylinder :wnsense "cylinder1n", "cylinder2n", "cylinder4n" ; :wordnet "cylinder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Cylinder-shaped object, solid or hollow, such as a steel bar, a wooden pole, or a straight pipe. Each of these is only approximately cylinder-shaped; the screw threads on the end of a pipe do not disqualify it as an instance of this Type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cylinder' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cylinder - (a cylindrical container for oxygen or compressed air) 2. (1) cylinder - (a solid bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel planes (the bases)) 4. cylinder, piston chamber - (a chamber within which piston moves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoundObject, :SolidObject, :StraightObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CylinderGeometrical ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circle ; owl:onProperty :hasCrossSectionalShape ] . :CylinderGeometrical :guid "c1006021-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cylinder3n" ; :wordnet "cylinder" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an abstract geometric figure. A Cylinder may be solid, or may have a hollow center, in which case it is an instance of the subtype 'Tube'. Cyc: An instance of #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$RoundThing and #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing. Each instance of #$Cylinder is a three-dimensional object bounded by a circular base and top. Note that the sides of a #$Cylinder might be straight or curved; i.e. cross-sections taken with respect to the sides, while all roughly circular, might or might not be parallel to the base or top. Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the cylinders that house pistons in an internal combustion engine, as well as abstract cylinders. A specialization of #$Cylinder is #$Tube. NOTE that this is a GeometricFigure, an AbstractObject, not a physical object, and is disjoint with PhysicalObject. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cylinder' in Wordnet: 3. cylinder - (a surface generated by rotating a parallel line around a fixed line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoundObject, :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylinder ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Cylindrical :wnsense "cylindrical1adj" ; :wordnet "cylindrical" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a three-dimensional object that has a circular cross-section and extends in the third dimension by a length at least one-quarter that of the diameter of the circle. NOTE: Cylinder is a shape, and .""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :CylindricalHollowObject :guid "bd58dbcf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing; instances are characterized by a cylindrical, single-walled structure and a hollow interior. Examples include #$GunBarrels and #$Bottles. The structure in question must be 'long' enough to justify the appelation of 'hollow'. Borderline non-cases might include two-dimensional ringlike structures like wedding-rings.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerShapedObject, :CylindricalObject, :HollowObject . :CylindricalObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'CylindricalObject' is a SolidObject shaped (at least approximately) like a Cylinder, whether solid or hollow on the inside; this may be part of a larger object, and includes Spools on which cord or sheets can be wound, even though the Spool may have flared edges. A ''DrinkingMug'' is ''Cylindrical'' even though it always has a handle. NOTE that this is also a ''StraightObject'' - if it was curved, it would have to be of a different classification - if hollow, a tube. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, :StraightObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylinder ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circle ; owl:onProperty :hasCrossSectionalShape ] . :Cymbal :guid "c0f47503-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cymbal1n" ; :wordnet "cymbal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """metal disk that is struck with a stick or with another cymbal to produce a ''CrashingSound''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cymbal' in WordNet: 1. cymbal - (a percussion instrument consisting of a concave brass disk; makes a loud crashing sound when hit with a drumstick or when two are struck together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disk, :PercussionInstrument, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaCrashingSound ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brass ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cymbals ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Cymbals :en "cymbals" ; :ennp "cymbals" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Cymbals'' is a matched pair of ''Cymbal''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Cymbal ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matched ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Cynic :wnsense "cynic1n" ; :wordnet "cynic" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cynic'' is a ''Skeptic'' who tends to disbelieve assertions about the good motives of people. Someone who tends to believe the worst about others, and in the role of ''FaultFinder'' also expresses such skepticism. This corresponds most closely to RHW 'cynic' sense 1: 1. a person who believes that only selfishness motivates human actions and who disbelieves in or minimizes selfless acts or disinterested points of view. The Origin of the term 'cynic' is amusing: According to Diogenes Laertius' third-century 'Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers', Plato was applauded for his definition of 'man' as a 'featherless biped', so Diogenes the Cynic \" plucked the feathers from a cock, brought it to Plato's school, and said, 'Here is Plato's man.'? \" When asked about the origin of his epithet, cynic deriving from the Greek word for dog, Diogenes replied that it was given to him because he \" fawns upon those who give him anything and barks at those who give him nothing.\" From \" Lapham's Quarterly \" online at (as of 20200719: https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/animals/miscellany/plato-and-diogenes-debate-featherless-bipeds The term 'featherless biped' origin (from Wikipedia): \" Proposed by Plato (427-347 BCE) in his dialogue Statesman. . . . Usage notes: Used throughout the history of western philosophy as an example of an unsatisfactory definition of the term human being. \" See also ''DiogenesTheCynic''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cynic' in WordNet: 1. (1) cynic, faultfinder - (someone who is critical of the motives of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FaultFinder, :Skeptic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doubting ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cynicism ; owl:onProperty :isaPersonFeeling ] . :Cynical :isAnAttributeValueOf :Cynic ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Cynicism ; :wnsense "cynical1adj", "misanthropic1adj", "misanthropical1adj" ; :wordnet "cynical", "misanthropic", "misanthropical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute of a Person may apply only in specific circumstances, and does not make a Person a ''Cynic'' in its habitual sense. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cynical' in Wordnet: 1. (2) cynical, misanthropic, misanthropical - (believing the worst of human nature and motives; having a sneering disbelief in e.g. selflessness of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Cynicism :wnsense "cynicism1n" ; :wordnet "cynicism" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cynicism' in WordNet: 1. cynicism - (a cynical feeling of distrust) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pessimism . :CypriniformFish :wnsense "cypriniform fish1n" ; :wordnet "cypriniform fish" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cypriniform fish' in WordNet: 1. cypriniform fish - (a soft-finned fish of the order Cypriniformes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soft-finnedFish . :Cyprinodont :wnsense "cyprinodont1n" ; :wordnet "cyprinodont" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cyprinodont' in WordNet: 1. cyprinodont - (any member of the family Cyprinodontidae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CypriniformFish . :Cyprus :wnsense "Cyprus2n" ; :wordnet "Cyprus" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Cyprus' in WordNet: 1. Cyprus, Republic of Cyprus -- (a country on the island of Cyprus; 80% of the people are of Greek origin and 20% or Turkish origin) """ . :Cyst-Condition :guid "c0fd515b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cyst1n" ; :wordnet "cyst" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Cyst': An abnormal growth characterized by a sac-like membrane. NOTE: both CYC and WN classify this as a condition,rather than as the object. Should be elaborated. Add'HavingaCyst'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cyst' in WordNet: 1. (3) cyst - (a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cyst-Sac ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Cyst-Sac :wnsense "cyst1n" ; :wordnet "cyst" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the ''Sac'' produced by a ''Cyst-Condition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cyst' in WordNet: 1. (3) cyst - (a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sac-Organic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalBodyFluid ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :Cysteine :guid "c1238659-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cysteine1n" ; :wordnet "cysteine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of compounds and a spec of #$AminoAcid. It is easily oxidized into cystine, is sometimes found in urine, and has limited detoxification properties. Its abbreviations are Cys and C. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cysteine' in WordNet: 1. cysteine - (an amino acid containing sulfur that is found in most proteins; oxidizes on exposure to air to form cystine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AminoAcid . :Cytoplasm :guid "bd58c2e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Organism ; :wnsense "cytol1n", "cytoplasm1n" ; :wordnet "cytol", "cytoplasm" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all cytoplasm, material found in cells outside of the nucleus and within the plasma membrane. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cytoplasm' in WordNet: 1. (4) cytoplasm, cytol - (the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus; is full of proteins that control cell metabolism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gel, :Protoplasm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cell ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Czar :wnsense "czar1n", "tsar1n", "tzar1n" ; :wordnet "czar", "tsar", "tzar" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Czar'' represents any one of the rulers of Russia after 1547 and prior to 1917. The title is a variant of the Latin word 'Caesar' (the title of Roman emperors) , assumed by Ivan IV when the last part of the Roman Empire collapsed, and intended to represent his assumption of the role of a 'Caesar'. The term 'czar' has been used recently in a metaphorical sense to refer to a Person who has been assigned or assumed a position of great authority; that sense is not included in this type. The transliteration closest to the Russian pronunciation is 'tsar'. Wikipedia: Ivan IV (popularly known as Ivan, the Terrible) was the first Russian ruler to assume the title of Czar in 1547. He belonged to the House of Rurik and reigned from 1547-1584. He was an authoritarian and a ruthless ruler. Ivan IV is infamous for killing his own son in a fit of rage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'czar' in WordNet: 1. czar, tsar, tzar - (a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Monarch-HeadOfState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeadingAnEmpire ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Czech :isAnAttributeValueOf :CzechRepublic ; :pertainsTo :CzechPerson, :CzechRepublic ; :wnsense "Czech1adj", "Czechoslovakian1adj" ; :wordnet "Czech", "Czechoslovakian" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Czech' in Wordnet: 1. Czech, Czechoslovakian - (of or relating to Czechoslovakia or its people or their language; \"The Czech border\"; \"Czechoslovak nationalists\"; \"The Czechoslovakian population\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :CzechPerson :wnsense "Czech1n" ; :wordnet "Czech" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Czech' in WordNet: 1. Czech - (a native of inhabitant of the Czech Republic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CzechRepublic ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :CzechRepublic a :Country . :Czechoslovakia :wnsense "Czechoslovakia2n" ; :wordnet "Czechoslovakia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Czechoslovakia' in WordNet: 1. (4) Czechoslovakia - (a former republic in central Europe; divided into Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993) """ . :DIM_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for Dimensionality values. 'DIM_3' would be 3-dimensional. The bare number may be used if the datatype relation 'hasDimensionalityNumber' is used instead of 'hasDimensionality'.""" . :DIM_0 :hasQuantifier :N_0 ; a :DimensionalityValue . :DIM_1 :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; a :DimensionalityValue . :DIM_2 :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :DimensionalityValue . :DIM_3 :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; a :DimensionalityValue . :DIM_4 :hasQuantifier :N_4 ; a :DimensionalityValue . :DNA :guid "bd65c72c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "DNA1n", "deoxyribonucleic acid1n" ; :wordnet "DNA", "deoxyribonucleic acid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Deoxyribonucleic acid, the collection of all instances of DNA, the chemical compound composed of individual #$DNAMolecules. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'DNA' in Wordnet: 1. deoxyribonucleic acid, desoxyribonucleic acid, DNA - ((biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information; 'DNA is the king of molecules') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MolecularStuff, :NucleicAcid . :DNAMolecule a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DNAMolecule'' is a ''NucleicAcidMolecule'' consisting of ''DNA''. To use the term, the molecule should have more than ten nucleotide units, and typically many more. NOte that in COSMO a ''DNAMolecule'' can be a stretch of nucleotide units that is part of a larger DNA molecule - it is not necessarily free,it need only have a fixed (even if unknown) nucleotide sequence. A long ''DNAMolecule'' can be fragmented into shorter ''DNAMolecule''s until the number of bases gets so small the piece are referred to as 'oligonucleotides' rather than a ''DNAMolecule'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Molecule, :NucleicAcidMolecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeoxyRiboNucleotideUnit ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :DNAVirus :en "DNA virus" ; :enn "DNA virus" ; :guid "bc6db372-ad94-11d7-96a2-0002b3a84f94" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Virus. Each instance of this collection contains DNA which it uses as its primary genetic material. This contrasts with 'RNA virus', having RHA as the main genetic material. Cold viruses are common exampes of RNA virus. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Virus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DNA ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientSubstance ] . :DTEG a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used in the terms that label a 'DateTimeExtendedGroup'. For example, June 1, 2000 in New York City would be DTEG20000601Z-5. This is not strictly a CodeListPrefix, but is created here as a means to reserve that string for use in DateTimeExtendedGroups, and avoid accidental confusion with a CodeListPrefix having those characters. No underscore is needed, as the next character will always be a digit.""" . :DTEG10171122 a :TimePointOfReference . a :TimePoint . a :TimePoint . :DTEG19631122Z-6 :hasStringRepresentation "11-22-1963."^^xsd:string ; a :Day ; rdfs:comment """The calendar day from 12:00 AM to the instant before 12 midnight on November 22, 1963, CST (Z-6)> this is the day when President Kennedy was shot in Dallas, Texas.""" . :DTEG20010911Z-5 :hasStringRepresentation "9-11."^^xsd:string ; a :Day ; rdfs:comment """The calendar day from 12:00 AM to the instant before 12 midnight on Sept. 11, 2001, EST (Z-5) New York City time.""" . a :TimePointOfReference . a :TimePointOfReference . :occurredLaterThan ; a :FutureTimeInterval . a :TimePoint . :DTEG20160701Z-5 a :Day . a :TimePoint . :DTGp197001010000 :hasEndingTimePoint :DTGp197001010000 ; :hasStartingTimePoint :DTGp197001010000 ; a :TimePoint . :DTGp20190317 a :DateTimeGroup . :DTI a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment "The prefix used in the terms that label a DateTimeInterval." . :DVD-Physical :en "digital video disk" ; :wnsense "DVD1n", "videodisc1n", "videodisk1n" ; :wordnet "DVD", "videodisc", "videodisk" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Digital Video Disk', the physical object, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'DVD' in WordNet: 1. videodisk, videodisc, DVD - (a digital recording (as of a movie) on an optical disk that can be played on a computer or a television set) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalDisk . :Dab :wnsense "dab2n", "splash3n", "splatter2n" ; :wordnet "dab", "splash", "splatter" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dab'' is a ''SmallAmount'' (a small ApproximateQuantity) of some stuff that is smaller than a hand and can be applied to a surface or added to a mixture Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dab' in WordNet: 2. dab, splash, splatter - (a small quantity of something moist or liquid; 'a dab of paint'; 'a splatter of mud'; 'just a splash of whiskey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallAmount . :Dabbing :wnsense "dab1v" ; :wordnet "dab" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dabbing'' is a ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' where the quanity of stuff (a liquid) applied in any one (possibly repeated) Action is small, such as a ''Dab''. NOTE: to 'swab' requires a 'swab' of some kind, and is a separate subtype of ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'dab' in WordNet: 1. (2) dab, swab, swob - (apply (usually a liquid) to a surface; 'dab the wall with paint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface . :DabblingInAnActivity :wnsense "dabble3v", "play around2v", "smatter1v" ; :wordnet "dabble", "play around", "smatter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DabblingInAnActivity'' is a ''BeingBusy'' state in which some person 'occupies' him/herself at times doing something unrelated to their occupation that s/he finds interesting or satisfying. The fraction of one's time spent 'dabbling' in an activity can vary widely. The BeingBusy should apply only to the times when one is performing the ''HumanActivity'' - this may not be logically accurate as a 'state'. Probably needs a different parent type. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dabble' in WordNet: 3. dabble, smatter, play around - (work with in an amateurish manner; 'She dabbles in astronomy'; 'He plays around with investments but he never makes any money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingBusy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Dachshund :guid "c0d296c2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "badger dog1n", "dachshund1n", "dachsie1n" ; :wordnet "badger dog", "dachshund", "dachsie" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of small dogs. They come in three different varieties, the Longhaired, Smooth and Wirehaired, as well as two different sizes, Miniature and Standard. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dachshund' in WordNet: 1. dachshund, dachsie, badger dog - (small long-bodied short-legged German breed of dog having a short sleek coat and long drooping ears; suited for following game into burrows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dog, :Hound . :DaddyLongLegs :guid "bd58c29d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Phalangium opilio1n", "daddy longlegs2n", "harvestman1n" ; :wordnet "Phalangium opilio", "daddy longlegs", "harvestman" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DaddyLongLegs'' is a conspicuously long-legged Arachnid with a small oval body. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'daddy longlegs' in WordNet: 2. harvestman, daddy longlegs, Phalangium opilio - (spiderlike arachnid with a small rounded body and very long thin legs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arachnid, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongLegs ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ] . :Daffodil :wnsense "Narcissus pseudonarcissus1n", "daffodil1n" ; :wordnet "Narcissus pseudonarcissus", "daffodil" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'daffodil' in WordNet: 1. (1) daffodil, Narcissus pseudonarcissus - (any of numerous varieties of Narcissus plants having showy often yellow flowers with a trumpet-shaped central crown) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narcissus, :Species . :Dagger :guid "c1009c96-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dagger1n", "sticker4n" ; :wordnet "dagger", "sticker" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dagger' in WordNet: 1. (1) dagger, sticker - (a short knife with a pointed blade used for piercing or stabbing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BladedWeapon-NonProjectile, :CloseQuarterCombatWeapon, :Knife . :DailyEvent :en "daily event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DailyEvent'' is an ''Event'' that has the Attribute ''OccurringDaily'', and the Frequency 'daily'. Similar Classes can be created for other recurring intervals. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OccurringDaily ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :daily ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ] . :DailyRoutine :wnsense "routine1n" ; :wordnet "routine" ; a :RegularlyRepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an Event that occurs once per day, and has multiple,mostly optional, subevents,each subevent being one of the various repeated Actions performed almost every day (not necessarily every day) by many or most members of a group at daily or almost daily intervals. In general, only the adults go to work and only the youngsters go to school. Different people are likely to have different ''DailyRoutine''s, at least with respect to timing. NOTE; this might be represented as a ''Cycle'' with the ''DailySleep'' counting as the state that is the *object of ''hadOriginalAndRecoveredState'' relation for ''Cycle''s. At Rev1337 this does not seem necessary, but can be added as a parent. Daily routine cycles tend to be variable, so this may not be a appropriate classification 1331 Includes: WakingUpFromSleep GettingOutOfBed PersonalGrooming EatingBreakfast GoingToWork Returninghome EatingDinner RelaxingAtHome GoingToBed GoingToSleep Sleeping Nap DailySleep Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'routine' in WordNet: 1. (10) routine, modus operandi - (an unvarying or habitual method or procedure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DailyEvent, :ModusOperandi, :RoutineAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OccurringDaily ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :daily ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WakingUpFromSleep ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GettingOutOfBed ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonalGrooming ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingBreakfast ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoingToWork ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReturningHome ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingDinner ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoingToBed ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoingToSleep ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nap ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DailySleep ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :DailySleep a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DailySleep'' is a ''SleepingEvent'' of at least 3 hours (perhaps with brief interruptions) that a Person is required to have each day for normal functioning. This is part of the ''DailyRoutine'' and usually takes place at night (but not for night shift workers). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SleepingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreeHours ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDuration ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DailyRoutine ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Daintily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Dainty ; :wnsense "daintily1adv" ; :wordnet "daintily" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Daintily'' is a ''AdverbOfManner'' of people that is considered refined. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'daintily' in WordNet: 1. (1) daintily - (in a refined manner; 'she nibbled daintily at her cake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Dainty :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :PhysicalObject ; :wnsense "dainty2adj", "exquisite3adj" ; :wordnet "dainty", "exquisite" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Beautiful and Delicate. This can apply to Actions as well as Objects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dainty' in WordNet: 2. (1) dainty, exquisite - (delicately beautiful; 'a dainty teacup'; 'an exquisite cameo') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beautiful, :Delicate . :Daiquiri :hasComponentSubstance :EthylAlcohol, :LimeOrLemonJuice, :Rum ; :wnsense "daiquiri1n", "rum cocktail1n" ; :wordnet "daiquiri", "rum cocktail" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'daiquiri' in WordNet: 1. (1) daiquiri, rum cocktail - (a cocktail made with rum and lime or lemon juice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CocktailDrink . :DairyFarm :wnsense "dairy farm1n", "dairy1n" ; :wordnet "dairy", "dairy farm" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DairyFarm'' is a ''Farm'' (The piece of RealEstate and physical objects) where ''DairyProduct''s are produced, usually from cows. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dairy farm' in WordNet: 1. dairy, dairy farm - (a farm where dairy products are produced) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Farm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DairyProduct ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :DairyProduct :guid "bd58ccdd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dairy product1n" ; :wordnet "dairy product" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$FoodOrDrink and an instance of #$FoodGroup. Each instance of #$DairyProduct is a foodstuff that is milk or processed milk. Important specializations of #$DairyProduct include #$CowsMilk-Product, #$Cheese, #$Butter, and #$IceCream. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dairy product' in WordNet: 1. dairy product - (milk and butter and cheese) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :EdibleStuff, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milk ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DairyFarm ; owl:onProperty :hasSource ] . :Daisy :en "daisy" ; a :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Daisy'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''DaisyPlant''. No sense of 'daisy' in Wordnet for the flower alone. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CutFlower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DaisyPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFlowerOfa ] . :DaisyPlant :guid "c10af701-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "daisy1n" ; :wordnet "daisy" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DaisyPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'daisy', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Daisy'' in COSMO. CYC: plants in the aster order with yellow or white petals and usually a yellow center. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'daisy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) daisy - (any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aster, :FloweringPlant, :Wildflower . :DallasArea :isSmallerThan :TheUnitedStatesArea ; a :CityRegion . :DallasTexas :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :DallasArea ; a :City, :USCity . :Dalmatian :guid "c1305ef2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carriage dog1n", "coach dog1n", "dalmatian1n" ; :wordnet "carriage dog", "coach dog", "dalmatian" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of medium-sized, white dogs with either black or liver spots. Their fur is short and dense. They have many other names: English Coach Dog, Carriage Dog, Plum Pudding Dog, Firehouse Dog and Spotted Dick. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dalmatian' in WordNet: 2. dalmatian, coach dog, carriage dog - (a large breed having a smooth white coat with black or brown spots; originated in Dalmatia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dog . :Dam :guid "bd589365-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dam" ; :wnsense "dam1n" ; :wordnet "dam" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$FixedStructure and #$FlowControlDevice. Each instance of #$Dam is an artificial structure designed to restrain the flow of a stream. The WN synset includes 'dike' but that is represented separately under ''Dike''. This is specifically a Dam to restrict or stop the flow of current in a Stream or River. It can be large or small, depending on the stream. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dam' in Wordnet: 1. (3) dam, dike, dyke - (a barrier constructed to contain the flow of water or to keep out the sea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :InfrastructureProduct, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StreamCurrent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Irrigating ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StreamBed ; owl:onProperty :isOnTopOf ] . :Damage :ldoce "harm" ; :wnsense "damage1n", "harm2n" ; :wordnet "damage", "harm" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The change in attributes that is caused by an IncurringDamage Event - or any its subtypes. This is an AttributeValue that is a Difference in the same Attribute of the same Object at different times, the later time being one where the Object is less functional. The Attribute that changes does not have to impare the functionality of the Object, it may only detract from its appearance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'damage' in WordNet. NOTE: WordNet considers this sense as an Event, but in COSMO it is an Attribute - specifically, a Change (Difference) in attributes before and after an IncurringDamage Event. WordNet sense 3 of 'damage' appears to be the transitive act of doing damage - see IncurringDamage. in WordNet: 1. (11) damage, harm, impairment - (the occurrence of a change for the worse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Change . :Damaged :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :IncurringDamage ; :wnsense "damaged1adj" ; :wordnet "damaged" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of PhysicalObjects that are typically useful or functional, but have become less useful or functional as a result of a 'DamagingEvent'. This includes living things such as animals or plants that have some utility, but does not apply to people. Use of this Attribute does not required that the IncurringDamage Event be specified. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'damaged' in WordNet: 1. damaged - (harmed or injured or spoiled; 'I won't buy damaged goods'; 'the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Worse . :DamagedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is Damaged as a result of a 'DamagingEvent'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Damaged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IncurringDamage ; owl:onProperty :wasDamagedInEvent ] . :DamagedPart :wnsense "defect3n", "flaw1n" ; :wordnet "defect", "flaw" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each DamagedPart'' is a 'Defect' in some ArtifactObject that was created after manufacturing, resulting from an ''IncurringPhysicalDamage'' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'defect' and sense 1 of 'flaw' in WordNet: 1. (2) defect, fault, flaw - - (an imperfection in a device or machine; 'if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Defect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncurringDamage ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Damaging :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :DamagingEvent, :IncurringDamage ; :wnsense "damaging1adj", "detrimental1adj" ; :wordnet "damaging", "detrimental" ; a :CausativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Damaging'' is a property of a ''DamagingEvent''. is is for *physical* damage (rendering objects less effective or ineffecve); for physiogical damage use other subtype of ''Harmful'' such as ''Injurious'', ''Poisonous'', or ''Venomous''; for Events causing *serious* harm that is not physical, such as financial harm or psychological harm or social or professional harm, the attributes ''Disastrous'' or ''Ruinous'' can be used. 'prejudicial' (to reputation or interests) is included here but should be a distinctive subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 'damaging' in WordNet: 1. (1) damaging, detrimental, prejudicial, prejudicious - ((sometimes followed by 'to') causing harm or injury; 'damaging to career and reputation'; 'the reporter's coverage resulted in prejudicial publicity for the defendant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmful . :DamagingEvent :ldoce "damage" ; :wnsense "damage1v", "damage3n" ; :wordnet "damage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Processes where the agent brings about a situation where the patient no longer functions normally or as intended. COSMO note: this Action must be caused by an Agent, and cannot be natural, as can a 'DestructionEvent'. NOTE also that 'IncurringPhysicalDamage' looks at the Event from the perspective of the thing damaged,' not just the Agent doing the damage. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 3 of 'damage' in WordNet: 1. (12) damage - (inflict damage upon; The snow damaged the roof; She damaged the car when she hit the tree) 3. (1) damage, harm, hurt, scathe - (the act of damaging something or someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IncurringPhysicalDamage, :InternalChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :IncurringDamage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Damaging ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Damaged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DamagingFlood a :InsuredEventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Flooding in which some PhysicalObject is damaged.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flooding, :IncurringPhysicalDamage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Damaging ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dammit :en "dammit", "dammy", "damn", "damn it" ; a :Interjection, :Profanity ; rdfs:comment """This is the utterance of the word/phrase 'dammit'. RHW 'dammit': damn it (used as a mild expletive) """ . :Damnation :wnsense "damnation2n", "eternal damnation1n" ; :wordnet "damnation", "eternal damnation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Damnation'' in Christian theology is a state of 'BearingPunishment' inflicted by God on sinners who have not repented. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'damnation' in WordNet: 2. damnation, eternal damnation - (the state of being condemned to eternal punishment in Hell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BearingPunishment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GodTheCreator ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eternal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Agony ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salvation ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ] . :Dampening :wnsense "dampen1v", "stifle2v" ; :wordnet "dampen", "stifle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the difference between this WN sense and that for ''Stifling'' is unclear. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dampen' in WordNet: 1. (3) stifle, dampen - (smother or suppress; \"Stifle your curiosity\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubduingByForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :Damper :wnsense "damper1n" ; :wordnet "damper" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Damper'' is a ''MetalPlate'' that is located inside a chimney to regulate the draft. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'damper' in Wordnet: 1. damper - (a movable iron plate that regulates the draft in a stove or chimney or furnace) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlowRegulator, :MetalPlate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chimney ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Dance :CYC "Dance-Party" ; :guid "bfdb0211-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dance2n", "dance4n" ; :wordnet "dance" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dance'' is a ''Party'' at which people have the opportunity to dance, usually to the accompaniment of music. CYC 'Dance-Party': Each #$Dance-Party is a social event involving all the normal actions at a party, but also necessarily involving the playing of music and dancing of the attendees to at least some of this music. @mod59 Includes noun senses 2 and 4 (diferene?) of 'dance' in WordNet: 2. (3) dance - (a party of people assembled for dancing) 4. dance - (a party for social dancing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Party, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dancing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :DanceFloor :wnsense "dance floor1n" ; :wordnet "dance floor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dance floor' in WordNet: 1. dance floor - (a bare floor polished for dancing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Floor . :DanceMusic :wnsense "ballroom music1n", "dance music1n", "danceroom music1n" ; :wordnet "ballroom music", "dance music", "danceroom music" ; a :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dance music' in WordNet: 1. dance music, danceroom music, ballroom music - (a genre of popular music composed for ballroom dancing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopularMusic . :DanceStep :wnsense "dance step1n", "step11n" ; :wordnet "dance step", "step" ; a :AnimalMotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DanceStep'' is one to several ''Footstep''s of a Person in a specific sequence that is performed as part of a ''Dancing'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dance step' in WordNet: 1. dance step, step - (a sequence of foot movements that make up a particular dance; 'he taught them the waltz step') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dancing ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Dancer :wnsense "dancer1n", "dancer2n", "professional dancer1n", "terpsichorean1n" ; :wordnet "dancer", "professional dancer", "terpsichorean" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dancer'' is a Person who is dancing at the moment, or who habitually or professionally dances. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'dancer' in WordNet: 1. (8) dancer, professional dancer, terpsichorean - (a performer who dances) 2. dancer, social dancer - (a person who participates in a social gathering arranged for dancing (as a ball)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dancing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Dancing :guid "bd588671-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bd58887e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dance" ; :wnsense "dance2v", "dance3n", "dancing1n", "terpsichore2n", "trip the light fantastic1v" ; :wordnet "dance", "dancing", "terpsichore", "trip the light fantastic" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Moving the body rhythmically. COSMO note: this is an Event in which one or more people dance for some interval of time. In Cyc this is called 'DancingProcess-Human'. This is not a FunctionalProcess. As of version 0.65, animal dancing is not included in COSMO. This type may refer to a single person dancing, or to a GroupOfPeople dancing. Cyc: A specialization of #$DancingProcess. Each instance of this collection is a dance performed by a human. Such events might occur during a recreational event (such as a #$Dance-Party), or a professional dancer's #$EntertainmentPerformance. Corresponds to verb sense 2 and noun sense 3 of 'dance' in WordNet: 2. (14) dance, trip the light fantastic, trip the light fantastic toe - (move in a pattern; usually to musical accompaniment; do or perform a dance; 'My husband and I like to dance at home to the radio') WN noun 'dance': 3. (2) dancing, dance, terpsichore, saltation - (taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerformingArtActivity, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanBody ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :DandelionPlant :guid "c0fd834d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blowball1n", "dandelion1n" ; :wordnet "blowball", "dandelion" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all Dandelion plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dandelion' in WordNet: 1. (1) dandelion, blowball - (any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wildflower . :Dangerous :isTheOppositeOf :Safe ; :ldoce "dangerous" ; :wnsense "dangerous1adj", "hazardous1adj", "parlous1adj", "perilous1adj", "precarious2adj", "risky1adj", "touch-and-go1adj", "unsafe2adj", "wild8adj" ; :wordnet "dangerous", "hazardous", "parlous", "perilous", "precarious", "risky1", "touch-and-go", "unsafe", "wild" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of dangerous situations or dangerous things, i.e. those presenting a significant risk of bodily injury. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'risky', snese 1 of 'hazardous', and sense 1 of 'dangerous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hazardous, risky, wild - (involving risk or danger; 'skydiving is a hazardous sport'; 'extremely risky going out in the tide and fog'; 'a wild financial scheme') 1. (23) dangerous, unsafe - (involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm; 'a dangerous criminal'; 'a dangerous bridge'; 'unemployment reached dangerous proportions') WN adj 'perilous': 1. (4) parlous, perilous, precarious, touch-and-go - (fraught with danger; 'dangerous waters'; 'a parlous journey on stormy seas'; 'a perilous voyage across the Atlantic in a small boat'; 'the precarious life of an undersea diver'; 'dangerous surgery followed by a touch-and-go recovery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Risky, :Undesirable . :DangerousAnimal :guid "bd58c67e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any animal that is dangerous to people, in the sense of being able to inflict signicant harm.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousTangibleThing . :DangerousPlace :en "dangerous place" ; :ldoce "danger" ; :wnsense "danger4n" ; :wordnet "danger" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Place that is dangerous - being there presents a risk of bodily harm. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'danger' in WordNet: 4. (1) danger - (a dangerous place; 'He moved out of danger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing, :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dangerous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DangerousSituation :guid "c0f1bad2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "danger" ; :wnsense "danger1n" ; :wordnet "danger" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Situation. In each instance of #$DangerousSituation there is a significant risk of death, injury, or property damage. Instances of #$DangerousSituation which actually result in large numbers of deaths or injuries or large amounts of property damage, are instances of #$DisasterEvent. If a #$DangerousSituation naturally occurs, it is an instance of #$NaturalHazard. A 'DangerousSituation' is something that may cause a 'PersonalLoss' (which could be of any magnitude or extent); the restriction requires that the thing that could be lost be specified by the relation 'mayCause'. This is a situation that is notjust 'Risky' but also ''Undesirable''. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'danger' in WordNet, and is part of sense 4 (a dangerous place); sense 6 is indistinguishable from the other senses: in WordNet: 1. (18) danger - (the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury; 'you are in no danger'; 'there was widespread danger of disease') 4. (1) danger - (a dangerous place; 'He moved out of danger') 3. (6) danger - (a cause of pain or injury or loss; 'he feared the dangers of traveling by air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing, :Insecurity, :ProblemSituation, :RiskySituation, :UndesirableSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dangerous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :PersonalLoss ) ] ] . :DangerousSubstance a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: treated as a way to assign the attribute 'Dangerous' to substances. Every Substance that is dangerous is an instance of 'DangerousSubstance'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing, :ExistingStuffType . :DangerousTangibleThing a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$DangerousTangibleThings are those #$PartiallyTangibles which have some combination of density, size, material strength, etc., that makes them particularly efficient at transferring #$EnergyStuff in a way that it #$damages other #$PartiallyTangible things. The classic examples are those things whose #$typePrimaryFunction are to be #$instrument-UsedAsWeapon, namely #$Weapons. Simply being a spec of this collection does not imply that something is intended to be used to harm others; for example, #$Automobiles are #$DangerousTangibleThings even though that's hardly their #$typePrimaryFunction.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing, :PhysicalObject . :DangerousThing :guid "d358c5f4-8c6d-41d7-86ff-a8d78ffda6d4" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: treated as a way to assign the attribute 'Dangerous'. Everything that is dangerous is an instance of 'DangerousThing'. Note that a DangerousThing is not necessarily an UndesirableThing - it just needs to be attended with care. Cyc: A specialization of #$Individual. Each instance of #$DangerousThing poses danger to either just humans or organisms in general. Important specializations include #$DangerousTangibleThing and #$DangerousSituation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SalientThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dangerous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingSomething ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InjuryCondition ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Dangerously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Dangerous ; :wnsense "dangerously1adv", "hazardously1adv", "perilously1adv" ; :wordnet "dangerously", "hazardously", "perilously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dangerously' in Wordnet: 1. (2) perilously, hazardously, dangerously - (in a dangerous manner; 'he came dangerously close to falling off the ledge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Dangling :wnsense "dangle1v", "drop13v", "swing6v" ; :wordnet "dangle", "drop", "swing" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Dangling'' is a ''HangingFromSomething'' which some object is hanging from and is being supported by another PhysicalObject, and is suspended by a (usually flexible) CordLike thread so that its end point can move in an arc when pushed, or if not obstructed by adjacent objects, it may rotate to some extent around the axis of its hanging.. NOTE: Objects held on a device with a ''Hook'' on the end can also be said to dangle when the hook is held by a compatible opening in the supporting object (e.g. a rod) above. Thus clothig items on a hook may dingle from the supporting rod. The thing ''Dangling'' both ''isFlexiblySuspendedFrom'' and ''isConnectedByaFlexibleConnector'' to some SolidObject. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dangle' in WordNet: 1. (3) dangle, swing, drop - (hang freely; 'the ornaments dangled from the tree'; 'The light dropped from the ceiling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HangingFromSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :DanglingFromTheHand :wnsense "dangle2v" ; :wordnet "dangle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DanglingFromTheHand'' is a manner of 'HoldingWithHand'' in which the SolidObject held is attached to and supported by a (usually) flexible CordLike thread which is held in the Hand, allowing the held Object to 'dangle'. This may be done for various reasons, susch as holding a plumb line or dangling a toy object in front of a cat for play, or any other purpose. Causing something to hang in a dangling manner from some object other than the hand itself is a ''DanglingSomethingFromAnObject'', a subtype of ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dangle' in WordNet: 2. (2) dangle - (cause to dangle or hang freely; 'He dangled the ornaments from the Christmas tree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoldingWithHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dangling ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DanglingSomethingFromAnObject :wnsense "dangle2v" ; :wordnet "dangle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DanglingSomethingFromAnObject'' is a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' in such a manner that the thing placed is attached to and supported by some part (e.g. a ''Hook'') or an attached ''CordlikeObject'' that allows it to move freely while hanging from the support. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'dangle' in WordNet: 2. (2) dangle - (cause to dangle or hang freely; 'He dangled the ornaments from the Christmas tree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dangling ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DanielKahneman :hasGender :MaleSex ; :hasMassInGrams "85000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveDuring1935-2017 ; :isaCitizenOf :Israel ; :isaGraduateOf :EidgenossisheTechnischeHochschule ; :speaksLanguage :EnglishLanguage ; a :Economist, :LivingPerson ; rdfs:comment """Economist, Nobel Prize Winner and author of the book 'Thinking, Fast and Slow'. WikiPedia entry (2017): Daniel Kahneman (, born March 5, 1934) is an Israeli-American psychologist notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making, as well as behavioral economics, for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Vernon L. Smith). His empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors that arise from heuristics and biases (Kahneman and Tversky, 1973; Kahneman, Slovic and Tversky, 1982; Tversky and Kahneman, 1974), and developed prospect theory (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979). In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers.[2] In the same year, his book 'Thinking, Fast and Slow', which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller.[3] He is professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School. Kahneman is a founding partner of TGG Group, a business and philanthropy consulting company. He is married to Royal Society Fellow Anne Treisman.[4] *need to add the shool where he graduated """ . :Danish :isAnAttributeValueOf :Denmark ; :pertainsTo :DanishLanguage, :DanishPerson ; :wnsense "Danish1adj" ; :wordnet "Danish" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Danish' in Wordnet: 1. (3) Danish - (of or relating to or characteristic of Denmark or the Danes; 'Danish furniture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DanishLanguage :wasCreatedBy :DanishSpeakers ; :wnsense "Danish1n" ; :wordnet "Danish" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'danish' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Danish - (a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark) """ . :DanishPastry :wnsense "danish pastry1n", "danish2n" ; :wordnet "danish", "danish pastry" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'danish pastry' in WordNet: 1. danish, danish pastry - (light sweet yeast-raised roll usually filled with fruits or cheese) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SweetRoll, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yeast-Raised ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DanishPerson :wnsense "Dane1n" ; :wordnet "Dane" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Dane' in WordNet: 1. (1) Dane - (a native or inhabitant of Denmark) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Denmark ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :DanishSpeakers :en "Danes", "the Danes" ; :ennp "Danes" ; :hasComponentElement :DanishPerson ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :DanubeRiver :guid "bd58c60e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the principal rivers of the world" . :Dare :wnsense "dare1n", "daring1n" ; :wordnet "dare", "daring" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Challenge from one person to a second person conveying an opinion that the second person will not perform a risky activity. It is conveyed by phrases such as 'I dare you to do ...\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dare' in WordNet: 1. dare, daring - (a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy; 'he could never refuse a dare') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Challenge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :RiskyAction ] . :Daredevil :wnsense "daredevil1n", "swashbuckler1n" ; :wordnet "daredevil", "swashbuckler" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Daredevil'' is an ''Adventurer'' who performs very risky Actions for Sport or to entertain others, or just for the challenge. NOTE: the WN synset includes terms such as 'lunatic' that do not apply to this type, where the risks are taken for rational purposes. ''Hothead'' would be a different type. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'daredevil' in WordNet: 1. daredevil, madcap, hothead, swashbuckler, lunatic, harum-scarum - (a reckless impetuous irresponsible person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adventurer, :RiskTaker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reckless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Daring :isAnAttributeValueOf :Daredevil, :RiskTaker ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :DaringToDoSomething ; :isTheProgressiveFormOf "dare" ; :wnsense "audacious3adj", "daring1adj", "venturesome1adj", "venturous1adj" ; :wordnet "audacious", "daring", "venturesome", "venturous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue exhibited by someone who knowingly performs a RiskyAction. (performs a 'DaringToDoSomething' Action) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'daring' in Wordnet: 1. (1) audacious, daring, venturesome, venturous - (disposed to venture or take risks; 'audacious visions of the total conquest of space'; 'an audacious interpretation of two Jacobean dramas'; 'the most daring of contemporary fiction writers'; 'a venturesome investor'; 'a venturous spirit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DaringToDoSomething :wnsense "dare2v" ; :wordnet "dare" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DaringToDoSomething'' is a ''TakingAction'' where there is some element of risk in performing that action This differs from parent ''RiskyAction'' in that this specifically refers to the Action of an agent who initiates the risk-taking. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dare' in WordNet: 2. (10) dare - (to be courageous enough to try or do something; 'I don't dare call him', 'she dares to dress differently from the others') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExhibitingDaring, :RiskyAction, :TakingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Risky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Daring ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Courageous ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Inaction . :DaringaPerson :ldoce "dare" ; :wnsense "dare3v", "defy3v" ; :wordnet "dare", "defy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A communication in which one person dares another to do something. The something does not necessarily involve any action on the part of the person issuing the dare. Issuing a Dare usually suggests that the person being dared would not perform the action without such prodding (because of the risk, and perhaps because it has no value to the person being dared other than to exhibit courage.) How to express this??? This corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dare' in WordNet: 3. (3) defy, dare - (challenge; 'I dare you!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChallengingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Dare ] . :Dark :isTheOppositeOf :Light-NotDark ; :ldoce "dark" ; :wnsense "dark1adj" ; :wordnet "dark" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dark is an AttributeValue of an Object or Place that has a low level of illumination, making it hard to see. This is not an attribute of a color. For a Dark color attribute, use 'DarklyColored' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dark' in WordNet: 1. (50) dark - (devoid of or deficient in light or brightness; shadowed or black; 'sitting in a dark corner'; 'a dark day'; 'dark shadows'; 'dark as the inside of a black cat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DarkBlondeColor :en "dark blonde" ; :enadj "dark blonde" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :HairColorType, :YellowColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DarkBlondeColor'' is the color of human ''HeadHair'' that is intermediate between ''BlondeColor'' and ''\"BrownColor''. Close in value to ''LightBrown''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brownish, :HairColorValue, :Yellowish . :DarkBluishGray-Color :guid "dcd84b8e-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrayColor, :IndigoColor, :SlateColor . :DarkMatter :wnsense "dark matter1n" ; :wordnet "dark matter" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DarkMatter' is a PhysicalSubstance that is detected in cosmoological observations, but does not appear to interact with other matter other than by gravity.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dark matter' in WordNet: 1. dark matter - ((cosmology) a hypothetical form of matter that is believed to make up 90 percent of the matter in the universe; it is invisible (does not absorb or emit light) and does not collide with atomic particles but exerts gravitational force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :DarkRed-Color :guid "b0a556e0-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: some Cyc parents (garnet and maroon) have been moved to subtypes. This is closer to the 'color region' notion of color attribute subclassing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LakeColor, :Red, :RubyColor . :Darkened :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Darkening ; :wnsense "darkened2adj" ; :wordnet "darkened" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'darkened' in Wordnet: 2. darkened - (become or made dark by lack of light; 'a darkened house'; 'the darkened theater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Darkening :wnsense "darken1v", "darken2v", "darken4v" ; :wordnet "darken" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Darkening'' is an Event in which some Object or Place becomes or is caused to become ''Darker''(less light or a color closer to black) Includes transitive and intransitive senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'darken' in WordNet: 1. (4) darken - (become dark or darker; 'The sky darkened') 2. (1) darken, dim - (become or make darker; 'The screen darkened'; 'He darkened the colors by adding brown') 4. darken - (make dark or darker; 'darken a room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaColorChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Darker ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Darker :en "darker" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Darker'' is a subtype of ''Dark'' that characterizes objects (or dimly lighted Places) that have a deeper color (closer to black,further from white) than the reference object in focus. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dark, :DarklyColored . :DarklyColored :isTheOppositeOf :LightColored ; :ldoce "dark" ; :wnsense "dark2adj" ; :wordnet "dark" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue exhibited by an Object or Substance that is not white or transparent, and has a deep hue. The English word may be used alone, or to modify some specific color and this sense canlso be used in combination for the same purpose. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'dark' in WordNet: 2. (27) dark - ((used of color) having a dark hue; 'dark green'; 'dark glasses'; 'dark colors like wine red or navy blue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :Darkness :wnsense "darkness1n" ; :wordnet "darkness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Darkness'' is an ''EnvironmentalSituation'' in which there is a very low level or complete absence of ''VisibleLight''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'darkness' in Wordnet: 1. (20) dark, darkness - (absence of light or illumination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :EnvironmentalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Darkroom :wnsense "darkroom1n" ; :wordnet "darkroom" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Darkroom''' is a Room in a structure that is used permanently or temporarily to provide a space where there is ligttle or no light except for dim red light, so that photosensitive photographic film can be developed without damaging the images by stray light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'darkroom' in WordNet: 1. darkroom - (a room in which photographs are developed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DevelopingFilm ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Darning :wnsense "darn1v", "darning1n" ; :wordnet "darn", "darning" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Darning'' is a ''SewingByHand'' performed on an object for the purpose of repairing a hole. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'darn' in WordNet: 1. (1) darn - (repair by sewing; 'darn socks') WN noun 'darning': 1. darning - (the act of mending a hole in a garment with crossing threads) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModifyingAnArtifact, :RepairingEvent, :SewingByHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thread ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :Dart :wnsense "dart1n" ; :wordnet "dart" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dart'' is a small ''Projectile'', having a front point shaped like a needle, and an elongated body with feather-like vanes at the rear end to stabilze them in flight. This is the kind of ''Dart'' used in the game of 'darts',thrown at a 'dart board'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dart' in WordNet: 1. dart - (a small narrow pointed missile that is thrown or shot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PointyEndedObject, :Projectile . :DartBoard :wnsense "dart board1n", "dartboard1n" ; :wordnet "dart board", "dartboard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DartBoard'' is a ''GameBoard'' that serves as a ''Target'' at which ''Dart''s are thrown. It has a semirigid front surface that canbe penetrated by the needle-like front end and will then hold the propelled darts at the point where they hit the board. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dart board' in WordNet: 1. dartboard, dart board - (a circular board of wood or cork used as the target in the game of darts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameBoard, :Target . :Darts :wnsense "darts1n" ; :wordnet "darts" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Darts'' is a ''BoardGame'' in which ''Dart''s are propelled (thrown) by hand toward a ''DartBoard'' that has markings to indicate positions with different score values. This is the specification. The execution of this game is represented by ''PlayingDarts''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'darts' in WordNet: 1. darts - (a game in which small pointed missiles are thrown at a dartboard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoardGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingDarts ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Dashboard :guid "c10062dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dashboard2n" ; :wordnet "dashboard" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dashboard'' is an ''InstrumentPanel'' that is located in front of the ''Driver'' of an airplane or land vehicle, located directly in front of the Drver for easy visibility.. In addition to ''DisplayDevice''s the Dashboard usually has some control knobs, such as for a radio or a heater/air conditioner. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dashboard' in WordNet: 2. dashboard - (instrument panel on an automobile or airplane containing dials and controls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, :InstrumentPanel, :ManufacturedGoods, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Driver ; owl:onProperty :wasVisibleTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Driver ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyInFrontOf ] . :Dashing :isFasterThan :Jogging ; :wnsense "dart2v", "dash1v", "flash5v", "scoot1v", "scud1v", "shoot6v" ; :wordnet "dart", "dash", "flash", "scoot", "scud", "shoot" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quick form of runnin, as though in haste. This term is usually applied to people, but can be aplied to animals: 'dashing through the snow . . .' For most people who are not practiced runners, this pace can usually only be maintained for a short distance. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dash' in WordNet: 1. (7) dart, dash, scoot, scud, flash, shoot - (run or move very quickly or hastily; \"She dashed into the yard\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Running, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ] . :Data :wnsense "data1n" ; :wordnet "data" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of one or more ''Datum''s (pieces of information), produced by by one or more acts of ''Observing''. NOTE: the plural term 'data' is often used (ungrammatically) in the singular sense. \" describes \" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'data' in Wordnet: 1. (76) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Information-Content, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Datum ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Investigation :InformationGathering :Observing :SensingByaDevice ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :DataAnalysis a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DataAnalysis is a form of research in which a body of data are analyzed to discover information in the data patterms that is not evident directly from the indivudal facts recorded in the data. One form of data analysis is statistical analsysis, as in epidemiological studies. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingSomething, :Evaluating, :Research, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectAnalyzed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Data ] . :DataCompression :wnsense "compression1n" ; :wordnet "compression" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DataCompression' is the act of modifying some data in textual or digital form to make it more compact and to requires less space for storage in some digital medium or to make transmission require less time. NOTE that this does not change a PhysicalObject, it takes the information that may be represented by a PhysialObject (e.g. a Book-Physical) and makes an AbstractDigitalObject that contains the same information in a smaller form. NOTE also that some compression methods may be 'lossy', so not all of the original information may be recoverable. This is not for encrypting, to make data less easily interpreted - that is represented by ''Encoding''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'compression' in WordNet: 3. compression - (encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdaptingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractText :AbstractDigitalObject ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractDigitalObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalComputer ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :DataFile :wnsense "data file1n", "file1n" ; :wordnet "data file", "file" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DataFile'' is an abstract ''Record'' that can have a physical representation in some physical documents or computer 'file's, in any recording medium. NOTE: this is interpreted as any organized abstract 'recording' of information, whether representing text or images or sound or other forms of perceptible information. NOTE: this same WN synset is used for physical files - see ''PaperFile''. Corresponds to part (for abstract files) of noun sense 1 of 'data file' in WordNet: 1. file, data file - (a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Record . :DataPacket :en "data packet" ; :enn "data packet" ; :wnsense "packet2n" ; :wordnet "packet" ; a :InformationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DataPacket' is an ''AbstractDigitalObject'' consisting of a relatively small amount of data that is transferred between computers or computers and ''Router''s during data transmission over a Network. The individual packets are received and recombined by the receiving computer to form the whole file being transferred. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'packet' in WordNet: 2. packet - ((computer science) a message or message fragment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDigitalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerFile-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :Database :guid "bfe46ab6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "database1n" ; :wordnet "database" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Database is any structured data source called a database, which must have at least one table, and must be 'indexed' in some way, which could be just having tables with unique keys. It is not necessarily a relational database - one table could be called a database. In Cyc labeled: 'Database-AbstractContent' Cyc: The collection of all databases considered as abstract repositories of information rather than as physical storage devices. A database generally has some means of accessing the data from structured records, frames or relational structures, using some query language. A particular #$Database-AbstractContent may exist in multiple copies, and may be distributed over several different physical data storage sites: see also #$Database-Physical. NOTE that a Database can serve as a Topic, and therefore as a 'Context'. This is because a term in a Database may have a meaning peculiar to or constrained by its presence in that database. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'database' in Wordnet: 1. database - (an organized body of related information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseEntity, :IndexedInformationSource, :Topic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DatabaseTable ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :DatabaseAdministrator a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DatabaseAdministrator the person who is primarily responsible for the administration of a Database. This may or may not be the creator of the Database, but a default might be that the creator and administrator are the same person.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole . :DatabaseConstraint a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DatabaseConstraint is a rule that specifies that entries into specific fields must have certain characteristics, or that certain relations must apply between specific fields. Constraints are used to verify the validity of data entered into a database, to the extent that it is possible to predict ahead of time what values the data must have and the relations among them.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseEntity, :Rule . :DatabaseCreation :en "database creation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DatabaseCreation'' is any step in the creation of a 'database' in any format, not necessarily a formal relational database. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingaRepresentation . :DatabaseEntity a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DatabaseEntity is any database, combination of databases, or part of a database: a database table, database table column or row, or database element (e.g. a cell which is the intersection of a row and a column). Also, restrictions are parts of the database. NOTE that to use the ontology as an index into a Database, it will be necessary to (1) represent in the ontology each element of the Database; and (2) create pointers in both cirections from the represented database entities to entities in the ontology. NOTE that for flexibility each DatabaseEntity can serve as a Context, but it is likely that the only DatabaseEntities that will be used as Contexts will be the DatabaseGroups and Databases.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :StructuredInformationSource . :DatabaseGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DatabaseGroup is a group of databases maintained by the same agent, treating topics that are related to some interest of that Agent. The databses maintained by some organization, such as a business, could form such a DatabaseGroup. But if different sets of database maintained by one organization treat totally different topics, they will not necesarily form a DatabaseGroup. A DatabaseGroup could also be formed from multiple Databases in more than one Organization. This category of DatabaseGroup provides the flexibility to aggregate any set of Databases into an integrated conceptual unit - which can serve as a formal Context and provide an integrated Context within which reasoning and data storage can be performed. NOTE that a DatabaseGroup can serve as a Context. (something that can affect the meaning of a term or assertion) because a term in a DatabaseGroup may have a meaning peculiar to or constrained by its presence in those databases. See also 'Context' Defining a DatabaseGroup as a context provides one mechanism to include Context in an OWL ontology while still keeping the assertions to RDF triples. The appearance of any assertion that involves an entity from a DatabaseGroup can be assumed to be true only within the Context that is represented by that DatabaseGroup. NOTE that a DatabaseGroup must have at least one Database defined as a Component entity, but the DatabaseGroup may also contain other component entities, such as global constraints that apply across the DatabaseGroup. This is true as of COSMO version 0.32. Possibly, membership in the group may be restricted to Databases, and constraints can be related by a relation on the Group - at this point the best mechanism is unclear.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseEntity, :Group, :IndexedInformationSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Database ] . :DatabasePrefix a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DatabasePrefix' is a name (string of legitimate entity name characters) that is intended to be used to identify a specific database and to be used to generate unique names for each instance of a database in the ontology. NOTE: because underscore is used in DB table and field names, the prefix should have two underscores at the end and the composed table and field names should have two underscores as separators of the elements of each name.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NamespacePrefix . :DatabaseRecord a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DatabaseRecord is one Row ('record') in a Table which is part of a Database. The Row will often represent a set of facts about some individual entity, of the type labeled by the Table name, and the individual cells in that row will represent the values of the attributes or pointers to other entities that are related to the entity represented by that row. NOTE that in COSMO a Databaserecord is considered as a LinguisticAssertion, being an assertion of one or more facts about an an entity. One record in an 'Employees' table may represent one (current) employee in an organization. In that case the fields will represent attributes of the Employee related to his/her employment. A single record might also represent an Event, such as a sales event. A single record might also represent one time point in a history of a single Entity, indicating, for example, where a particular airplane was at different times during a journey. In order to be a unique term in the ontology, the actual record (row) name will be prefixed by a symbol (unique as a DB column prefix) indicating the Database and DatabaseTable in which the DatabaseRecord occurs. The record (row) identifier will be aunique identifier which is either a single value serving as a one-column master key, or the full set of keys required to uniquely identify the row The Row identifier may be simply a unique ID, or it might be some other string unique to an individual entity, such as a serial number (for a product) or a telephone number (for an individual) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseEntity, :LinguisticAssertion, :RowOfObjects . :DatabaseSearching :guid "d5173596-5d92-41d8-954f-dc6c6bf76568" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ElectronicDataSearching. Each instance of #$DatabaseSearching is an event in which a computer is used to search for information in a database.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerActivity, :ElectronicDataSearching, :UsingADevice . :DatabaseSubtable a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DatabaseSubtable is a portion of a DatabaseTable consisting of some subset of the records (rows) of some DatabaseTable. This Type is needed when some DatabaseTable is used to represent more than one Type of entity (see MultipleEntityTable). A DatabaseSubtable would be a virtual table, not represented as such in the database itself, whose column names are identical to the column names for the MultipleEntityTable from which it was extracted. A DatabaseTable should be specifically represented in a database as a physical table or a view. A DatabaseSubtable is constructed only in the process of mapping an ontology to a Database, and is not represented as such in the database itself. There may be tables representing multiple entities for which a Subtable cannot be recognized: the records that represent one Type in a Subtable must be recognizable by the value in some field in the whole DatabaseTable. For example, a table that represents the characteristics of people and non-human animals might have a special field labeled 'BorH', which distinguishes humans from Beasts (non-human animals), and for humans, the value in that field would be 'H', and for Beasts the value would be 'B'. There might be columns that are not used for Beast, and likewise columns not used for Human. Concatenating types like this may only be useful when there are multiple columns (fields) that are shared by the different types. In these cases, one field may in fact have multiple interpretations, differing for each type represented. See also the relation 'tableCorrespondsToEntities'. The entities may be Types or Relations in the ontology. The columns (fields) of the table may correspond to attributes of the entity represented, or to relations that that entity has to other entities in the database. When a field (column) is intended as a Relation, the column will in general be a ForeignKey whose value will be a PrimaryKey in some other table in the Database. The rows (records.tuples) of a DatabaseTable will usually represent one or more assertions (attributes, column values) about some individual entity (often an instance of a Type in the ontology). There may be many different assertions about the same individual, each assertion taking up one record. The multiple assertions may specify, for example, how a particular attribute of an individual (a bank account balance, for example) changes over time; or a record may represent some particular event such as a financial transaction, of which there may be many examples.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseEntity, :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasColumnName ; owl:someValuesFrom :DatabaseTableColumn ] . :DatabaseTable :en "database table" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DatabaseTable is a Table which is part of a Database. A single Table may be intended to represent only one or more than one type of entity; see the relations 'tableCorrespondsToEntity' and 'tableCorrespondsToEntities'. The entities may be Types or Relations in the ontology. The columns (fields) of the table may correspond to attributes of the entity represented, or to relations that that entity has to other entities in the database. When a field (column) is intended as a Relation, the column will in general be a ForeignKey whose value will be a PrimaryKey in some other table in the Database. A DatabaseTable should be specifically represented in a database as a physical table or a view. By contrast, a DatabaseSubtable is constructed only in the process of mapping an ontology to a Database, and is not represented as such in the database itself. The rows (records.tuples) of a DatabaseTable will usually represent one or more assertions (attributes, column values) about some individual entity (often an instance of a Type in the ontology). There may be many different assertions about the same individual, each assertion taking up one record. The multiple assertions may specify, for example, how a particular attribute of an individual (a bank account balance, for example) changes over time; or a record may represent some particular event such as a financial transaction, of which there may be many examples. NOTE: in Cyc there are two kinds of tables, those that represent entities one per column, and those that don't. In COSMO we do not yet (v0.48) make that distinction. (From Doug Lenat): In object oriented databases and many relational databases, tables often correspond to natural classes of objects in the world, and the rows of such tables may implicitly denote the objects of the class. In such cases, the table's primary key provides an identifier that may be used to uniquely distinguish between objects of the class, in addition to merely distinguishing between rows of a table. We distinguish such tables by assigning to them a special type of logical schema, called an object defining schema, which is denoted in CycL by the collection #$ObjectDefiningSchema, a specialization or subcollection of the collection #$LogicalSchema. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseEntity, :TwoDimensionalTable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Database ] . :DatabaseTableCell a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DatabaseTableCell is one cell in a DB,the intersection of a column and row in a DatabaseTable. The value of the cell could be any kind of ontological entity. The Cell will be named uniquely by concatenation of the DB code, the Table name, the column name, and the key (or code for the key) that selects the row, in that order. This can get complicated, especially if the key consists of more than one field value. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseEntity . :DatabaseTableColumn a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DatabaseTableColumn is a Column name in a Table which is part of a Database. In order to be a unique term in the ontology, the actual table name will be prefixed by a symbol (unique as a DB column prefix) indicating the Database and DatabaseTable in which the DatabaseTableColumn occurs. The symbol will be separated from the actual column name by an underscore (perhaps a different symbol will be used in the future). To extract the actual column name, a method will find the first underscore and extract the remainder of the column name string. The Column name will often represent some attribute or a relation on the type of entity which the table represents, The type of entity that can be represented in the column cells may or may not be specified. Since column names may be highly redundant, the column name in a specific database should have a prefix indicating the database and table in which the column resides.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseEntity, :List, :RowOfObjects . :DatabaseTableColumnGroup a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DatabaseTableColumnGroup is a List (not a Group) of DatabaseTableColumns in one or more DatabaseTables which are part of a Database (or in some cases, multiple Databases within a DatabaseGroup). In some complex DatabaseTables several of the included columns may be intended to represent an Entity - a common example is a pair of columns representing a measurement, one column containing the quantifier (e.g. a number) and the second being the Unit of Measure. Two or more columns (fields) in a table may correspond to an ontology relation that has an arity greater than 2. Because each DatabaseTableColumn has a unique name in an ontology, it is also possible to map an entity to multiple parts of multiple tables in multiple databases. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseEntity, :List . :DatabaseTableRecord :isaSynonymOf :DatabaseRecord ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Another term for 'DatabaseRecord'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :DatabaseTableRow :isaSynonymOf :DatabaseRecord ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Another term for 'DatabaseRecord'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Date :wnsense "date1v", "date3n" ; :wordnet "date" ; a :EventType, :GoalType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Date'' is a ''Appointment'' for two people or two couples to meet socially so as to become better acquainted and explore possible romantic relations, and/or just enjoy each others' company. No more than four (double date). WN does not distinguish between an appointment for a date (' have a date on Friday') an/d the actual date Event ('J and I had a date at the Zip cafe'). The noun sense 3 is referenced for both meanings in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'date' in WordNet: WN noun 'date': 3. (104) date, appointment, engagement - (a meeting arranged in advance; 'she asked how to avoid kissing at the end of a date') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appointment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Dating ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ] . :Date19420317 a :BirthTime . :Date19431223 a :TimeInterval . :Date19470829 a :TimePoint . :Date19631122 a :DeathTime . :Date19690528 a :DeathTime . :Date19801208 a :TimeInterval . :Date20050829 a :TimePoint . :Date20050913 a :TimePoint . :Date20070101 a :TimePoint . :Date20071231 a :TimePoint . :Date20080524 a :TimePoint . :Date20080601 a :TimePoint . :Date20160413 a :Now . :Date20201001 a :Today ; rdfs:comment """The date of the last edit of COSMO """ . :DateMark :en "date mark" ; :enn "date mark" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DateMark''' is a ''TextMarking'' that represents a ''DateOrTime'' on the surface of some SolidObject. This can be, for example, for documents, indicating the date on which the document was created or signed, or for ArtifactObjects, indicating the date on which the object was created, or when its utility expires. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextMarking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DateOrTime ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :DateOrTime :ldoce "date" ; :wnsense "date7n" ; :wordnet "date" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Because the 'DateOrTime' at any given location depends on the 'TimeZone', the 'TimeZone' should be specified; however, this may be implicit and the TimeZone is not required by the restriction. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 7 of 'date' in WordNet: 7. (26) date - (the particular day, month, or year (usually according to the Gregorian calendar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TimeZone ; owl:onProperty :hasReferenceTime ] . :DateStamped :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :DateMark ; :wnsense "dated2adj" ; :wordnet "dated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DateStamped'' is an attribute of some Object bearing a ''DateMark'', applied in any manner (including signed or inscribedor printed),not necessarily 'stamped on'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'dated' in Wordnet: 2. dated - (bearing a date; 'dated and stamped documents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DateTime :ldoce "date" ; :wnsense "date7n" ; :wordnet "date" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DateTime is a temporal location which is a time interval on the Universal time line, which is referenced to some point in historical time. To represent a TimePoint, the corresponding DateTimePoint can be used. The time interval may be represented explicitly or implilcitly. The time interval can be represented explicitly by specifying both the beginning and ending of the interval using the relations relations 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint'. When specifying time intervals by instances of this category, the time interval may also be represented implicitly by taking advantage of the 'truncation' formalism: If only the date is specified, the time interval is one day starting at 00:00 of the date If date, hours, and minutes are specified, the time interval is one minute starting at the beginning of the minute specified. If date, hours, minutes, and seconds are specified, the time interval is the length of time starting at the beginning of the second or fraction specified, and extending up to the time point that would be represented by increasing the last digit of the time. Thus, for time interval 2007-02-22T12:33:35.95 the interval starts at point 2007-02-22T12:33:35.95 and ends at the beginning of interval 2007-02-22T12:33:35.96 ans lasts for one-hundredth of a second. NOTE: if one wants to specify that some Event occurred before a TimePoint, one needs only specify 'hasEndingTimePoint'; if one wants to specify that some Event occurred after a TimePoint, one needs only specify 'hasStartingTimePoint'; A DateTime with only one of the two endpoints specified is interpreted as meaning 'before' or 'after' that time point, as the 'EndOfTime' or 'BeginningOfTime' may be inferred as the value of the alternative end point. The default format suggested allows representing both the date and the time inteval (point) within that date, and disambiguated time zone by either specifying the time zone or assuming Greenwich mean time (UTC or Zulu), but also assuming that the clock used is the NIST atomic clock signal. The length of the time interval may be explicitly specified by using the relations 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint' Relativistic effects on time, when relevant, must be handled by specifying the clock which is used to measure the time. This Type is the base conceptual type that should be assumed is intended when some specification of 'Time Stamp' or \"datetime' is encountered in a data store. The string format in which a DateTime can be represented should at least support the WC3 standard which uses the format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sss where YYYY is the year MM is the month DD is the day of the month 'T' is the literal 'T' hh is the hour (24-hour clock) mm is the minute ss.sss is the seconds, which may or may not have a decimal fraction. From that reference, section 3.2.7: [Definition:] dateTime values may be viewed as objects with integer-valued year, month, day, hour and minute properties, a decimal-valued second property, and a boolean timezoned property. Each such object also has one decimal-valued method or computed property, timeOnTimeline, whose value is always a decimal number; the values are dimensioned in seconds, the integer 0 is 0001-01-01T00:00:00 and the value of timeOnTimeline for other dateTime values is computed using the Gregorian algorithm as modified for leap-seconds. The timeOnTimeline values form two related 'timelines', one for timezoned values and one for non-timezoned values. Each timeline is a copy of the 'value space' of decimal, with integers given units of seconds. The 'value space' of dateTime is closely related to the dates and times described in ISO 8601. For clarity, the text above specifies a particular origin point for the timeline. It should be noted, however, that schema processors need not expose the timeOnTimeline value to schema users, and there is no requirement that a timeline-based implementation use the particular origin described here in its internal representation. Other interpretations of the 'value space' which lead to the same results (i.e., are isomorphic) are of course acceptable. All timezoned times are Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, sometimes called 'Greenwich Mean Time'). Other timezones indicated in lexical representations are converted to UTC during conversion of literals to values. 'Local' or untimezoned times are presumed to be the time in the timezone of some unspecified locality as prescribed by the appropriate legal authority; currently there are no legally prescribed timezones which are durations whose magnitude is greater than 14 hours. The value of each numeric-valued property (other than timeOnTimeline) is limited to the maximum value within the interval determined by the next-higher property. For example, the day value can never be 32, and cannot even be 29 for month 02 and year 2002 (February 2002). Note: The date and time datatypes described in this recommendation were inspired by [ISO 8601]. '0001' is the lexical representation of the year 1 of the Common Era (1 CE, sometimes written \"AD 1\" or \"1 AD\"). There is no year 0, and '0000' is not a valid lexical representation. '-0001' is the lexical representation of the year 1 Before Common Era (1 BCE, sometimes written \"1 BC\"). Corresponds most closely to noun sense 7 of 'date' in WordNet, but includes the time: in WordNet: 7. (26) date - (the particular day, month, or year (usually according to the Gregorian calendar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateOrTime . :DateTimeExtendedGroup a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DateTimeExtendedGroup is a DateTimeString having at least 4 numerical characters, and possible one or two decimal points. The format described here is intended to allow use of an interpretable Date and time as the name of an instance in an ontology, by avoiding special characters that might be rejected in entity names by some ontology editors (such as '+'). The interpretation will depend on the length of the string. For time zones, Zulu (GMT, London Time) is the default unless specified by a 'Z' after the day and time. Any base string can be suffixed with 'Z' for ZULU time or 'ZN' or Z-N' for ZULU plus or minus some number of hours (if there is no hyphen after the 'Z', any number is interpreted as Zulu plus that number of hours. Zulu time references may have fractional hours, such as 'Z5.5' to allow for time zones that are one-half hour offset from a full hour. If hours are included, a 'T' must come after the day (similar to the usage in xsd datetime). The HH hour is always by a 24-hour clock, No suffix implies Zulu time. To create an ontology instance of TimeInterval with a unique name, use the prefix 'DTEG' in front of the number. In a database, the prefix can be omitted. We do not use the colon to separate the fields because that character is not accepted in the names of elements some ontology tools. If any era other than AD/BC (CE/BCE) is intended, it should use a different prefix than DTEG. Base String Length 4-5 chars YYYY or YYYYY Year only (but see NOTE1, below) 6 chars YYYYMM Year and month 8 chars YYYYMMDD Year, month, and day 13 chars YYYYMMDDTHHMM same as 'DateTimeGroup' when no 'Z' is present, but with a 'T' between the day and hour 15 chars YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minutes, Seconds > 15 chars YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS.xxxx same as 14 chars, with fractional seconds after the decimal point, or, if there are more than 8 digits before the 'T', the year field is extended beyond 9999; if a minus sign precedes the first digit, the year is interpreted as BC (BCE), but the dates and times are still of normal positive value within that year. The ides of March in 44 BC in Rome would be 'DTEG-00440315Z1'. COSMO note: This Type defines an abstract string, but the strings defined by this type can be used as surrogate labels for instances of TimeInterval, providing an opportunity for an interpreter to identify the intended time interval solely from the name of the instance. In that case, no instance of a time interval need actually be created, but the intended time interval can be identified by the format described in this Type. The implementation will have the option of interpreting a DTEG string as being a time interval. The format will be recognized by using a distinctive prefix, such as 'DTEG' for the name. This distinctive prefix is reserved as a unique instance of 'CodeListPrefix' in this ontology. An implementation should also reserve these prefixes, if possible. NOTE1: although the format listing above does not illustrate the format of years after 9999, an interpreter could adopt the convention that an odd number of digits (or of digits before the period) means that a year in the range 10000 to 99999 is being represented. For years beyond that point, including the 'T' after the day would be mandatory in the name,to avoid ambiguity about the length of the year field. A minus sign after the DTEG prefix and before the year means that the year should be interpreted as BC (BCE), though the months and days retain their same interpretation within that year. If it is quite certain that the represented dates will never be before 1 AD or after 9999, a hyphen or more than 14 digits plus a 'T' before the decimal could be interpreted as format errors.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateTimeString . :DateTimeGroup a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DateTimeGroup is a DateTimeString having 12 numerical characters, formatted as YYYYMMDDHHMM: year, month, day, hour (24-hour clock) and minute, assumed to be in Zulu time (Greenwich mean time). No 'Z' suffix is permitted. As an instance in the ontology, a DateTimeGroup would need a unique name. Any unique name would serve, but the letters 'DTGp' followed by the actual numbers could provide a perspicuous method to name such date-times when necessary. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateTimeExtendedGroup . :DateTimeInterval a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DateTimeInterval consists of a pair of DateTimeString, each being a DatetimeExtendedGroup (DTEG). This can be used to represent a TimeInterval that includes the first DTEG and the last DTEG, and all times in between the two. Since a DTEG can have arbitrary precision, this can be used to specify time intervals at any level of precision. A prefix of 'DTI' (defined as the recomended CodeListPrefix for a DateTimeInterval) should be used. A hyphen (or two hyphens, for easier reading when a 'Z' is included) can be used in the name to separate the starting and ending DTEGs. The decade of the 1990's can be represented as: 'DTI19900101-19991231' (in London) 'DTI19900101Z-5--19991231Z-5' (in New York) For intervals of significant precision, the name of an instance could get quite long. If the length of the name required would be considered too long, the starting and ending time intervals can be referenced explicitly using the 'startsAt' and 'endsAt' relations, which take a DTEG as the value. NOTE: this type can also be used to represent a series of disconnected time intervals (an instance of 'ScatteredTemporalRegion'). There is no maximum cardinality restriction on the 'startsAt' and 'endsAt' relations, so multiple starts and ends will be interpreted as meanings that the time interval being represented has more than one discontinuous component.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateTimeString . :DateTimePoint a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The TimePoint which is at the beginning of the interval specified by a DateTime representation. This can be named by using the prefix 'BeginPointOf' as described in 'TimePoint'. This convention is adopted to allow a DateTime to specify a TimePoint as well as a TimeInterval. For a specific time as represented on a clock (not including the date) use 'TimeOfDay'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateTime, :TimePoint . :DateTimeString a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DateTimeString is a FormattedString representing a TimeInterval corresponding to a date, or some other conventional time interval (year, month, hour, niute), in any of various formats. The time interval may also correspond to a non-conventional interval whose starting and ending times are represented by strings in the 'DateTimeExtendedGroup' format. For specific formats see the subtypes. NOTE in the restriction below that reification of the TimeInterval represented is not required. Depending on the implementation, the DateTimeString itself may contain enough information to make an actual instance of TimeInterval unnecessary.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormattedString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TimeInterval ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Dated :isTheOppositeOf :Up-to-date ; :wnsense "dated1adj" ; :wordnet "dated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dated'' characterizes something that not been used or practiced by most people in recent times. This implies a period of disuse much shorter than ''Antiquated''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dated' in Wordnet: 1. (1) dated - (marked by features of the immediate and usually discounted past) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outdated . :Dating :en "dating", "go on a date", "go out on a date", "going on a date" ; :eng "dating", "going on a date", "going out on a date" ; :ldoce "date" ; :wnsense "date1v", "date3n" ; :wordnet "date" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Meeting in which two or more (usually two) people get together for friendly personal social interaction (not for business), often with a view to exploring romantic or sexual relations. More than one couple may participate, as in a 'double date' involving two couples. This includes dates with people of the opposite sex or same sex, if the possibility of a romantic relationship is part of the motivation of at least one of the participants. NOTE this is the actual event of a date, not an 'appointment'for a date. This also includes double dating, so it is not restricted to two people. NOTE: the verb sense of social meeting is not included in Longman defining vocabulary. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 3 of 'date' in WordNet: 1. (1) date - (go on a date with; 'Tonight she is dating a former high school sweetheart') WN noun 'date': 3. (104) date, appointment, engagement - (a meeting arranged in advance; 'she asked how to avoid kissing at the end of a date') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event-Organized, :GoalSituation, :Meeting, :PromisedAction, :SocialInteraction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Date ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ] . :Datum :wnsense "datum1n" ; :wordnet "datum" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fact'' produced by by some act of ''Observing'', used in reasoning about the RealWorld. Typically, a ''Datum'' is a simple logical sentence. For a less formal linguistic representation of data, use ''StatementOfFact''. However, a ''Datum'' can be a piece of ''Information-Content'' that is derived by a calculation on multiple simple facts derived from observation, such as the ''StandardDeviation''' of a distribution of data. This term is used for ''Fact''s that are used for reasoning or inference or in developing theories. The more commonly used plural is ''Data''. There is no easy distinction between a ''Fact'' and a ''Datum'' except in the intended usage. ''Datum'' is a ''Fact'' used in some process of reasoning. See ''Antecedent'', ''Consequent'', ''Premises'' and ''Axiom'' for other terms used in reasoning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'data' in Wordnet: 1. (8) datum, data point - (an item of factual information derived from measurement or research) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fact, :Information-Content . :Daubing :eng "daubing" ; :wnsense "daub2v" ; :wordnet "daub" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Daubing'' is a ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'' where the 'stuff' applied is viscous enough to stick to a vertical surface and not run; paint would be the least viscous material used in ''Daubing''.. If runny, the stuff could be applied with ''Dabbing'' or ''Swabbing'' Action. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'daub' in WordNet: 2. daub - (apply to a surface; 'daub paint onto the wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface . :Daughter :ldoce "daughter", "girl" ; :wnsense "daughter1n", "girl3n" ; :wordnet "daughter", "girl" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of a FemalePerson who is the child of another person. This includes all kinds of 'child' - biological, genetic, foster,adopted, etc. NOTE that this is for a female ''ChildRole'' at any age. Includes Sense 1 of 'daughter' and sense 3 of 'girl' in WordNet: 1. (23) daughter, girl - (a female human offspring; 'her daughter cared for her in her old age') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :SonOrDaughter . :Daunting :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Discouragement, :IntimidatingaPerson ; :isTheOppositeOf :Encouraging ; :wnsense "daunting1adj", "intimidating1adj" ; :wordnet "daunting", "intimidating" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Daunting'' is a more intensive level of ''Discouraging'', accompanied by ''fear' that may be caused by Intimidation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'daunting' in Wordnet: 1. daunting, intimidating - (discouraging through fear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discouraging . :Dawdling :eng "dawdling", "lingering" ; :wnsense "dally2v", "dawdle1v", "dawdle2v", "linger4v" ; :wordnet "dally", "dawdle", "linger" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dawdling''' is a ''Delaying'' by some Person in performing some Action, usually a task or duty, Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'dawdle' in WordNet: 1. linger, dawdle - (take one's time; proceed slowly) 2. dally, dawdle - (waste time; 'Get busy-don't dally!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delaying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Day :ldoce "date" ; :wnsense "date2n" ; :wordnet "date" ; a :DayType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Days - a location in time, not a TimeInterval. NOTE: subtypes of this type may represent individual calendar days, or recurring days such as days of the year or days of the week. A 'Day' starts at midnight (local time) and ends at Midnight. For the quantity of time in a 'Day' see 'OneDay' NOTE: there is no sense of 'day' in WordNet that labels this concept, it is most closely labeled by 'date' noun sense 2: in Wordnet: 2. (119) date - (a particular day specified as the time something happens; 'the date of the election is set by law') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneDay ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ] . :DayCare :wnsense "day care1n", "daycare1n" ; :wordnet "day care", "daycare" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DayCare'' is the Action of taking care of and guarding minor children who are not attending a school. This is a ServiceEvent that a Parent or legal guardian uses to keep the child well while the Parent is at work or otherwise busy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'day care' in WordNet: 1. daycare, day care - (childcare during the day while parents work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuardingaChild, :TakingCareOfaChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DayCareCenter ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanPreSchoolageChild ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ] . :DayCareCenter :guid "c0fce3d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "day care center1n", "day nursery1n" ; :wordnet "day care center", "day nursery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A place where children are looked after and taken care of while their parents or guardian works. In WN a 'nursery' is a room, but this type can be a whole building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'day care center' in WordNet: 1. day nursery, day care center - (a nursery for the supervision of preschool children while the parents work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedPrimaryFunction ; owl:someValuesFrom :TakingCareOfaChild ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DayCare ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :DayDream :wnsense "daydream1v" ; :wordnet "daydream" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the abstract representation of the result of a DayDreaming, containing a series of images and possibly accompanying sound. The physical Event of a DayDream is represented by 'DayDreaming'. This type provides a means to represent the specific images and sounds that are remembered and described after a Dreaming. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'daydream' in WordNet: 1. reverie, revery, daydream, daydreaming, oneirism, air castle, castle in the air, castle in Spain - (absentminded dreaming while awake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractVideo, :MentalImagery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DayDreaming ] . :DayDreaming :en "daydreaming" ; :wnsense "daydream1v", "daydream2v" ; :wordnet "daydream" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having a thought process somewhat similar to a dream while while awake . In COSMO this is considered as intentional (under voluntary control). Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'daydream' in WordNet (these appear to be separate only because of different parent types, but WN tends to eshchew multiple inheritance) in WordNet: 1. (1) dream, daydream, woolgather, stargaze - (have a daydream; indulge in a fantasy) 2. daydream, moon - (have dreamlike musings or fantasies while awake; 'She looked out the window, daydreaming') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imagining, :IntentionalMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :DayDream ] . :DayOfTheYear :wnsense "calendar day1n", "civil day1n" ; :wordnet "calendar day", "civil day" ; a :DayType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DayOfTheYear is any one of the 366 Days that have a specific month and day of the month. It can be referenced to any time zone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'calendar day' in WordNet: 1. calendar day, civil day - (a day reckoned from midnight to midnight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval . :DayOfWork :en "day of work", "day's work", "working day" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DayOfWork'' is an Action in which a Person performs the work expected to be performed during one day 'on the job'. This is usually paid, and tradtionally at some workplace, but this type is general andcovers working aywhere for any single stretch of time typically considered a 'work day'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonWithOccupation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JobSituation ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Workday ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoffeeBreak ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :DayTime :wnsense "day3n", "daylight1n", "daytime1n" ; :wordnet "day", "daylight", "daytime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any TimeInterval that begins at Sunrise and ends at Sunset. This time interval includes the Sunrise time point, but does not include the Sunset time point. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'daytime' in Wordnet: 1. (2) day, daytime, daylight - (the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside; 'the dawn turned night into day'; 'it is easier to make the repairs in the daytime') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay . :DayType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DayType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ''Day''s, and can and an argument restriction for various relations on TimeInterval types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeIntervalType . :Daylight :guid "bd58e229-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "daylight2n" ; :wordnet "daylight" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The light that comes from the sun (''Sol'') and is seen in the sky during daytime.. CY: The light of day. In #$WeatherMt #$DayLight is the light of daytime, even in the shade. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'daylight' in WordNet: 2. (2) daylight - (light during the daytime) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SunLight, :VisibleLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sol ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sky ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sky ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Days :en "day", "time", "times" ; :enn "day", "time" ; :wnsense "days1n", "years3n" ; :wordnet "days", "years" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Days'' represents the 'Times'' during which some Person lived or held a prominent position. 'Shakespeares' days' 'Rooseveldt's days' Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'days' in WordNet: 1. (1) days, years - (the time during which someone's life continues; \"the monarch's last days\"; \"in his final years\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Times . :Dazzling :isMoreIntenseThan :Impressive ; :wnsense "dazzling1adj", "eye-popping1adj", "fulgurant1n", "fulgurous1n" ; :wordnet "dazzling", "eye-popping", "fulgurant", "fulgurous" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dazzling' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dazzling, eye-popping, fulgurant, fulgurous - (amazingly impressive; suggestive of the flashing of lightning; 'the skater's dazzling virtuosic leaps'; 'these great best canvases still look as astonishing and as invitingly new as they did...when...his fulgurant popularity was in full growth'- Janet Flanner; 'adventures related...in a style both vivid and fulgurous'- Idwal Jones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impressive . :DeactivatingaDevice :wnsense "cut27v", "switch off1v", "turn off1v" ; :wordnet "cut", "switch off", "turn off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeactivatingaDevice'' is an Action that 'turns off' some Device, making it no longer able to perform some Action. This is broad, including devices other than electric, but is restricted to Devices. The type of Device and type of action that the device performs need to be specified. See ''SwithcingaDeviceOnOrOff' for ''ElectricalDevice''s. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'switch off' in WordNet: 1. (8) switch off, cut, turn off, turn out - (cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch; 'Turn off the stereo, please'; 'cut the engine'; 'turn out the lights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FunctioningOfaDevice :ActionType ) ] ] . :Dead :ldoce "dead" ; :wnsense "dead1adj" ; :wordnet "dead" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that an animal is dead (no longer living), - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. Disjoint with 'alive'. ***Note that a person can be Dead and still be a Person. This may differ from some usages. The fact that a Person is Dead is reflected in the VitalityAttribute, not in its 'existence'*** NOTE that an animal that is dead in this sense can never again be alive. For the situation where an animal has no vital signs, but then revives, see the attribute 'ClinicallyDead'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'dead' in WordNet, however, this applies only to organisms or cellular structures, and the sense suggested by 'dead pallor' is not included in this type. in WordNet: 1. (72) dead - (no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life; 'the nerve is dead'; 'a dead pallor'; 'he was marked as a dead man by the assassin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeSlice, :UnableToFunction, :VitalityAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TimeInterval ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TimeInterval ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingTimePoint ] . :DeadAnimal :guid "bd5894c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this category is for remains of an animal identifiable as being remains (including skeletons and fossils) of an animal, including humans. Cyc: A specialization of #$OrganicMaterial (and not, of course, of #$Animal, whose instances must be alive). Each instance of #$DeadAnimal is a corpse or partial remains of an individual animal, somewhat intact, and prior to any butchering, burning, cooking, dissolving, or fully decomposing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeadOrganism . :DeadEnd :guid "bd58a999-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cul de sac1n", "cul1n", "dead end1n" ; :wordnet "cul", "cul de sac", "dead end" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'CulDeSac': A residential street that comes to an end - i.e., a dead end or a circle. NOTE: This is not for a circle. 1. cul, cul de sac, dead end - (a passage with access only at one end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalRoad . :DeadOrAlive a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that either it is unknown whether an animal is dead or alive, or ***it doesn't matter for the assertion context whether the animal is dead or alive***.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :DeadOrganism :en "dead organism", "decaying organism" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this category is for remains of an organism identifiable as being remains (including skeletons and fossils as well as nonviable and nonmetabolizing plant material, as in cooked food) of any organism, including humans. This also includes some quantity of decomposing organic matter from dead organisms. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicMaterialObject . :DeadPerson :wnsense "dead person1n", "deceased1n", "decedent1n" ; :wordnet "dead person", "deceased", "decedent" ; a :PersonType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A human who was once alive, but is now dead at the time of reference. NOTE that in COSMO, a DeadPerson is still a Person, and therefore an IntelligentAgent. If one needs to specifically refer to a living person, use 'LivingPerson'. Examples of DeadPerson are innumerable, but prominent ones would be GeorgeWashington, Einstein, and Mozart. Once a Person is dead, they are Dead at all time points thereafter, unless in some context they can experience ''Resurrecting''. Fictional revivals or correction of false information must be handled by special contextual reasoning mechanisms when a contradictory assertion is encountered. NOTE: the convention is adopted that the weight of a DeadPerson that has been dead for over twenty years is given as 10 kg, approximately the weight of a dry skeleton. This value is used to fill the required 'hasMassInGrams' relation for physical objects. If better information is available, it can replace this default value. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dead person' in WordNet: 1. (1) dead person, dead soul, deceased person, deceased, decedent, departed - (someone who is no longer alive; 'I wonder what the dead person would have done') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dead ; owl:onProperty :hasVitalityAttribute ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Person [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dead ; owl:onProperty :hasVitalityAttribute ] ) ] . :DeadSea a :SaltLake . :Deadline :wnsense "deadline1n" ; :wordnet "deadline" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Deadline'' is the ''FutureTimePoint'' that represents either (1) the time point at or before which some 'HighPriorityTask'' is required to be performed. Usually if a task is not completed by the deadline, some negative consequeces are incurred by the Person(s) charged with performing the task. However, some ''Deadline''s are flexible, or are set by the performer(s) themselves. So 'working against a deadline' is not quite the same as having an Obligation. The time between the ''Deadlne'' and ''Now'' is the ''AvailableTime'' for completion of a ''Task''. *BUT* representing that may take FOL. @ToDo - eplore OWL representation - as a ''Difference'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deadline' in WordNet: 1. (2) deadline - (the point in time at which something must be completed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateTime, :EndingTime, :FutureTimePoint . :Deadly :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject, :PhysicalSituation ; :wnsense "deadly1adj", "lethal1adj" ; :wordnet "deadly", "lethal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deadly'' is the attribute of an Object or situation that causes or can cause ''Death''. This means *can\" cause death.For something that always causes Death or has caused Death, use ''Lethal'' (Which includes 'mortal' and 'fatal') Weapons that *can* caused death are often called 'lethal' but in the logical representation, those will be represented as this ''Deadly'. 'lethal' is somethines used with this meanining ('lethal weapon') but the disctinction can be made, and is made here, for 'possible' and 'certain' causes of death. In most cases, something can only be said to be certain to cause death if it in fact has caused death ('a lethal wound'). But some things can be so likely that 'lethal' can be used for future effects as well. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 6 of 'deadly' in WordNet: 1. (6) deathly, mortal - (causing or capable of causing death; 'a fatal accident'; 'a deadly enemy'; 'mortal combat'; 'a mortal illness') 2. (1) deadly, lethal - (of an instrument of certain death; 'deadly poisons'; 'lethal weapon'; 'a lethal injection') 3. deadly, venomous, virulent - (extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom; 'venomous snakes'; 'a virulent insect bite') 6. deadly - ((of a disease) having a rapid course and violent effect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dangerous . :Deadpan :wnsense "deadpan1adj", "expressionless1adj", "impassive2adj", "poker-faced1n", "unexpressive1adj" ; :wordnet "deadpan", "expressionless", "impassive", "poker-faced", "unexpressive" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Deadpan' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', that differs very little or not at all from the normal expression that betrays no emotion. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deadpan' in Wordnet: 1. deadpan, expressionless, impassive, poker-faced, unexpressive - (deliberately impassive in manner; 'deadpan humor'; 'his face remained expressionless as the verdict was read') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LackOfEmotion ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Deaf :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Deafness ; :wnsense "deaf1n" ; :wordnet "deaf" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of an animal who cannot hear sounds but whose type usually can hear sound. Used mostly for people and pet animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deaf' in Wordnet: 1. (7) deaf - (lacking or deprive of the sense of hearing wholly or in part) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disabled . :Deafened :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DeafeningAnAnimal ; :wnsense "deafened1adj" ; :wordnet "deafened" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deafened'' is an AttributeValue of an Animal that was rendered ''Deaf'' or partially Deaf by a ''DeafeningAnAnimal'' Event,usually a very loud noise. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deafened' in Wordnet: 1. deafened - (caused to hear poorly or not at all) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cold, :PastParticiple . :DeafeningAnAnimal :wnsense "deafen2v" ; :wordnet "deafen" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeafeningAnAnimal'' is an Event in which anAnimal loses some or all of its hearing ability. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'deafen' in WordNet: 2. deafen, deaf - (make or render deaf; 'a deafening noise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desensitizing, :Diminishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HearingAcuity ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deafened ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Deafness :guid "bfab377c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deafness1n", "hearing loss1n" ; :wordnet "deafness", "hearing loss" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ailment in which an animal suffers complete or near complete loss of hearing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deafness' in WordNet: 1. deafness, hearing loss - (partial or complete loss of hearing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deaf ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Deal :ldoce "deal" ; :wnsense "bargain1n", "deal2n" ; :wordnet "bargain", "deal" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Agreement in which two or more parties agree to mutual future actions, usually with actions of one party being contingent on the actions of another party, but not necessarily. A Deal includes at least one and usually at least two promises. A Deal differs from a Contract in that it is not necessarily a legalAgreement - therefore it is a supertype of 'Contract'. This can be produced by ''Negotiating'' which includes ''Bargaining''. NOTE: the Wordnet 'deal' is not a supertype of Contract. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'deal' in Wordnet: 2. (2) bargain, deal - (an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each; 'he made a bargain with the devil'; 'he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreement, :SpecificationGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Negotiating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Dealership :wnsense "dealership1n", "franchise2n" ; :wordnet "dealership", "franchise" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dealership'' is a ''RetailStore'' that specializes in selling products from one or a few ''Business''es that license only their authorized 'Dealer's to sell their products, and usually also to service the products they sell, and to deal directly with customer questions and problems, such as repairs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dealership' in WordNet: 1. franchise, dealership - (a business established or operated under an authorization to sell or distribute a company's goods or services in a particular area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailStore . :DealingCards :ldoce "deal" ; :wnsense "deal9v" ; :wordnet "deal" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'DealingCards' is an Action in which an Agent gives some cards from a DeckOfCards to other agents, as part of a 'CardGame' Corresponds to Wordnet verb sense 9 of 'deal': 9. (2) deal - (distribute to the players in a game; 'Who's dealing?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DistributingObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CardDealer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingCard ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Dean :wnsense "dean1n" ; :wordnet "dean" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dean' in WordNet: 1. (1) dean - (an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcademicAdministrator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AcademicSubdivision ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :Dear :ldoce "dear" ; :wnsense "beloved1adj", "darling1adj", "dear1adj" ; :wordnet "beloved", "darling", "dear" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Loved, beloved. this is the sense of 'dear' in 'a dear friend'; 'my dear wife'. Corresponds to sense 1 in RHW: 1. beloved or loved: a dear friend. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dear' in WordNet: . (8) beloved, darling, dear - (dearly loved) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DearbornArea :isSmallerThan :TheUnitedStatesArea ; a :CityRegion . :DearbornMichigan :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :DearbornArea ; a :City, :USCity . :Dearly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Heartfelt ; :wnsense "dearly1adv", "in a heartfelt way1adv" ; :wordnet "dearly", "in a heartfelt way" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dearly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dearly, in a heartfelt way - (in a sincere and heartfelt manner; 'I would dearly love to know') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Dearth :wnsense "dearth1n", "famine1n", "shortage2n" ; :wordnet "dearth", "famine", "shortage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dearth'' is a severe (more than just a little short) ''Shortage'' of Something needed for a purpose. NOTE: this is a ''PersistentState'' in which the subject of the state is an agent that lacks a sufficient quantity of something needed for some purpose; a smallvamount of the ''NecessaryThing'' is present, but in *much* too small an amount for that Purpose. A *complete* absence of some resource is represened by ''Lack''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dearth' in WordNet: 1. dearth, famine, shortage - (an acute insufficiency) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shortage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insufficient ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Death :en "dying" ; :guid "bd590953-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "death" ; :wnsense "buy the farm1v", "cash in one's chips1v", "choke12v", "conk3v", "croak1v", "death1n", "death2n", "decease1n", "decease1v", "die1v", "drop dead1v", "exit3v", "expire2v", "expiry2n", "give-up the ghost1v", "go17v", "kick the bucket1v", "pass away1v", "pass25v", "perish1v", "pop off2v", "snuff it1v" ; :wordnet "buy the farm", "cash in one's chips", "choke", "conk", "croak", "death", "decease", "die", "drop dead", "exit", "expire", "expiry", "give-up the ghost", "go", "kick the bucket", "pass", "pass away", "perish", "pop off", "snuff it" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dying of some organism (or of some cells in an organism), considered as the final stage (''CompletionEvent'') of an organism's ''LifeTime''. COSMO note: when a Person ceases to live, that person does not cease to 'exist' as an entity in the ontology, but changes its vitality attribute to 'Dead'. This formalism is also true of other living things. The reasoning mechanism must be careful about what 'exists' - in the case of living things, one would typically want to count only those that have an 'Alive' vitality attribute at any given time, but to answer a query such as 'how many people migrated from Italy to the US', one might want to count living and dead as well. Death is divided into two broad subtypes depending on the cause of the Death: BeingKilled (intentional or or AccidentalDeath) or NaturalDeath (internal physiological malfunction). For the actual time of Death, when the 'Death' Event comes to an end, use 'TimeOfDeath' Cyc {'DyingOfBLO'): A collection of events. Each instance of #$Dying is an event in which a living organism (an instance of #$Organism-Whole) ceases to live and thus ceases to exist. The physical portion of the organism may remain, but that is not considered an instance of #$Organism-Whole (cf. #$DeadAnimal). Note that the expiring animal is related to its dying event by #$bodilyDoer (q.v.) - - in contrast to the role an organism plays when it is the #$objectActedOn in a #$KillingByOrganism event (which will have some #$Dying event among its #$subEvents), and cf. #$bodilyActedOn. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'death' and verb sense 1 of 'die' in WordNet: 1. (490) death, decease, expiry - (the event of dying or departure from life; 'her death came as a terrible shock'; 'upon your decease the capital will pass to your grandchildren') 2. (311) death - (the permanent end of all life functions in an organism or part of an organism; 'the animal died a painful death') WN verb 'die': 1. (142) die, decease, perish, go, exit, pass away, expire, pass, kick the bucket, cash in one's chips, buy the farm, conk, give-up the ghost, drop dead, pop off, choke, croak, snuff it - (pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life; 'She died from cancer'; 'They children perished in the fire'; 'The patient went peacefully'; 'The old guy kicked the bucket at the age of 102') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalEvent, :CompletionEvent, :LosingFunctionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredInTimeInterval ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeathTime ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DyingProcess ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organism ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :CauseOfDeath ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinalLifeStage ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lifetime ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BeingKilled :NaturalDeath ) ] . :DeathByKilling a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DeathByKilling' is a BeingKilled caused by the Action of some 'IntentionalAgent'. This includes the death of plans due to spraying of herbicied by people or due to being uprooted and eaten by animals. Every Murder causes a DeathByKilling. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingKilled, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Killing ] ; owl:disjointWith :AccidentalDeath . :DeathOfJFK :hadAffectedPerson :JohnFitzgeraldKennedy ; :hadObjectModified :JohnFitzgeraldKennedy ; :hasSubjectOfState :JohnFitzgeraldKennedy ; :occurredInTimeInterval :Date19631122 ; :wasCausedBy :MurderOfJFK ; :wasPerformedByAgent :LeeHarveyOswald ; a :DeathOfaPerson . :DeathOfaPerson :wnsense "fatality1n", "human death1n" ; :wordnet "fatality", "human death" ; a :InsuredEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Death in which the Organism that dies is a Person. NOTE that the 'affected' Person is the Person who dies, not any of his/her loved ones or acquaintances. Includes but is broader than (not just accidents) noun sense 1 of 'fatality' in WordNet: 1. fatality, human death - (a death resulting from an accident or a disaster; 'a decrease in the number of automobile fatalities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Death, :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isUndesirableTo ] . :DeathOfaSpouse a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Death in which the Organism that dies is Person.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeathOfaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ; owl:someValuesFrom :Spouse ] . :DeathTime a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DeathTime' is the TimeInterval within which something was destroyed, or some animal or plant died. It may not be known precisely. For the more specific 'TimeOfDeath', being the moment (usually represented as a time point) when the dying process ('Death' in COSMO) comes to an end, use the subtype 'TimeOfDeath'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval . :Debacle :wnsense "debacle1n", "fiasco1n" ; :wordnet "debacle", "fiasco" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Debacle'' is an Event in which some Agent (usually a GroupOfPeople) performed some ''AttemptingActivity'' that ending in complete failure. RHW noun 'debacle': 1. a general breakup or dispersion; sudden downfall or rout: The revolution ended in a debacle. 2. a complete collapse or failure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debacle' in WordNet: 1. (1) debacle, fiasco - (a sudden and violent collapse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Failure, :Setback, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unexpected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Debatable :wnsense "arguable2adj", "debatable1adj", "debatable2adj", "debatable3adj", "disputable2adj", "disputable3adj", "moot2adj", "problematic1adj", "problematical1adj" ; :wordnet "arguable", "debatable", "disputable", "moot", "problematic", "problematical" ; a :MeasureType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Debatable'' is a lower level of ''possible'' than is ''Uncertain''; this is a 'VerbalProbability', that suggests an estimated likelihood of less than 0.7.. Thus a vigorous debate might result in an affirmative or negative onclusion. Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'debatable' in WordNet: 1. debatable, problematic, problematical - (open to doubt or debate; 'If you ever get married, which seems to be extremely problematic') 2. arguable, debatable, disputable, moot - (open to argument or debate; 'that is a moot question') 3. debatable, disputable - (capable of being disproved) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uncertain . :Debate :wnsense "argument3n", "argumentation1n", "debate1n", "debate1v", "debate4v" ; :wordnet "argument", "argumentation", "debate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Debate' is any form of verbal (including written) exchange in which two or more agents try to establish the superior validity of their own views on some topic. A 'Debate' need not be formal, and can be as simple as an argument between two people on any topic, however trivial, provided that the point of the argument is to establish the truth or superiority of some point of view or point of fact. Physical fights are not included. A Debate may have a winner and loser, or may be inconclusive. For a formal public debate, use 'FormalDebate'. Includes noun sense 1 and verb senses 1,3, and 4 of 'debate' in WordNet: 1. (17) argument, argumentation, debate - (a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal; 'the argument over foreign aid goes on and on') WN verb 'debate': 1. (2) debate - (argue with one another; 'We debated the question of abortion'; 'John debated Mary') 4. (1) argue, contend, debate, fence - (have an argument about something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competition, :Discussion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Argument ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Debilitated :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Weaker ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Vigor ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Debilitation ; :wnsense "adynamic2adj", "asthenic1adj", "debilitated1adj", "enervated1adj" ; :wordnet "adynamic", "asthenic", "debilitated", "enervated" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'debilitated' in Wordnet: 1. adynamic, asthenic, debilitated, enervated - (lacking strength or vigor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Weaker . :Debilitating :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Weakening ; :wnsense "debilitating1adj" ; :wordnet "debilitating" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'debilitating' in Wordnet: 1. (2) debilitating - (impairing the strength and vitality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmful . :Debilitation :wnsense "debilitate1v", "debilitation1n", "drain4v", "enervation2n", "enfeeble1v", "enfeeblement1n", "exhaustion2n" ; :wordnet "debilitate", "debilitation", "drain", "enervation", "enfeeble", "enfeeblement", "exhaustion" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Debilitation' is a ''Weakening'' Event in which some situation causes a Person to become noticeably weaker than normal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debilitate' in WordNet: 1. (1) enfeeble, debilitate, drain - (make weak; 'Life in the camp drained him') WN noun 'debilitation': 1. debilitation, enervation, enfeeblement, exhaustion - (serious weakening and loss of energy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weakening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Debilitated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyStrength ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vigor ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :DebitEntry :wnsense "debit entry1n", "debit1n" ; :wordnet "debit", "debit entry" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Debit''' is a ''WrittenEntry'' (a''TextualMaterial') that represents some debt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debit entry' in WordNet: 1. debit, debit entry - (an accounting entry acknowledging sums that are owing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial . :Debriefing :wnsense "debrief1v", "debriefing1n" ; :wordnet "debrief", "debriefing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debrief' in WordNet: 1. debrief - (put someone through a debriefing and make him report; 'The released hostages were debriefed') WN noun 'debriefing': 1. debriefing - (report of a mission or task) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interviewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reporting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Debt :ldoce "debt" ; :wnsense "debt1n", "debt3n" ; :wordnet "debt" ; a :ObligationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Debt is an Obligation (a MentalObject) to repay someone something that is owed - usually money (for which use the more specific 'MonetaryDebt'). it is an UndesirableThing to a person who owes the money or something else - it is not undesirable from the perspective of the person who is owed money. So the notion of 'desirable' and 'undesirable' are from the perspective of the person holding the ValuableThing, whether it has positive or negative value. The more specific sense of owing money is the subtype 'MonetaryDebt'. Every 'Debt' refers to some 'Owing' situation. Corresponds to senses 1 and 3 of 'debt' in WordNet; sense 2, the thing owed, needs to be represented but as of r977 is not (@ToDo - what is it?): NOTE: sense 1, the state, may be distinguished?? in WordNet: 1. (3) debt - (the state of owing something (especially money); 'he is badly in debt') 2. (3) debt - (money or goods or services owed by one person to another) 3. debt - (an obligation to pay or do something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obligation, :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Owing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IncurringaDebt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :obligesActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom :RepaymentEvent ] . :Debtor :wnsense "debitor1n", "debtor1n" ; :wordnet "debitor", "debtor" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Debtor' is someone (or some Organization) who owes something to another. Commonly, this term is used for someone whose debts exceed his assets, but it is more general here. @ToDo: Perhaps a more specialized type is needed? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debtor' in WordNet: 1. debtor, debitor - (a person who owes a creditor; someone who has the obligation of paying a debt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Owing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indebted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConverseCorrelatedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :Creditor ) ] ] . :DebunkingSomeone :guid "bef8690e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "debunk1v", "expose8v" ; :wordnet "debunk", "expose" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DebunkingSomeone'' is a form of ''MockingSomeone'' in which the 'debunker' points out some error the ''Target'' committed that should have been obvious. CYC 'Debunking\": A specialization of #$Disapproval-CommunicationAct. Each instance of #$Debunking is an event in which some agent's pretentious or exaggerated claims are refuted and, at the same time, (at least gently) ridiculed. Note that, e.g., a #$Scientist refuting an accepted #$ScientificTheory is not necessarily an instance of #$Debunking, since the theory in question need not be pretentious or exaggerated, nor need the refuter intend to ridicule the theory or its proponents. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'debunk' in WordNet: 1. debunk, expose - (expose while ridiculing; especially of pretentious or false claims and ideas; \"The physicist debunked the psychic's claims\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidiculingSomeone . :Debut :wnsense "debut1n", "entry2n", "first appearance1n", "introduction2n", "launching2n", "unveiling2n" ; :wordnet "debut", "entry", "first appearance", "introduction", "launching", "unveiling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Debut'' is an ''InitialEvent'' that is the first ''Action of some particular Type taken by a ''''IntentionalAgent''''. This is very general,though the WN gloss focuses on a first 'appearane', especially introducing new products. That could be a more specific subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debut' in WordNet: 1. (5) introduction, debut, first appearance, launching, unveiling, entry - (the act of beginning something new; 'they looked forward to the debut of their new product line') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :InitialEvent, :StartingAnAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheFirstElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionSeries ] . :Debutante :guid "bfe18c87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deb1n", "debutante1n" ; :wordnet "deb", "debutante" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of young women who are making their societal debuts. A debut is the event in which a young woman makes her first formal appearance in society. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'debutante' in WordNet: 1. debutante, deb - (a young woman making her debut into society) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :Teenager . :Decade :wnsense "decade1n", "decennary1n", "decennium1n" ; :wordnet "decade", "decennary", "decennium" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar decades, which are not measures of a quantity of time, but locations on the universal time line having a length of 'OneDecade' (10 years). Thus the 'The1920s' would be one instance. But this type of 'Decade' does not have to begin in years ending in '0' or otherwise - any period of (exactly) ten years is a 'Decade'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'decade' in WordNet: 1. (25) decade, decennary, decennium - (a period of 10 years) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Years, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneDecade ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ] . :Decagon :guid "bfc03950-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "decagon1n" ; :wordnet "decagon" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all ten-sided polygons, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decagon' in WordNet: 1. decagon - (a polygon with 10 sides and 10 angles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polygon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasNumberOfSides ] . :Decathlon :guid "bd58e416-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "decathlon1n" ; :wordnet "decathlon" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Decathlon'' - When useful, the types of ''SportsEvent'' in the ten individual events can be specified individually with the ''hasComponentElement'' relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decathlon' in WordNet: 1. decathlon - (an athletic contest consisting of ten different events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultipleSkillEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:maxCardinality "10"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "10"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :IndividualSkillSport ] . :Decayed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Decomposing ; :wnsense "decayed1adj", "rotted1adj", "rotten3adj" ; :wordnet "decayed", "rotted", "rotten" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Decayed'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of something that has experienced a ''Decaying'' Event. This is an attribute value that can apply to inorganic or non-biological materials as well as biological. For specific biological decay use ''Decomposing'' and ''Rotten''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decayed' in WordNet: 1. decayed, rotten, rotted - (damaged by decay; hence unsound and useless; 'rotten floor boards'; 'rotted beams'; 'a decayed foundation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Decaying :en "decaying" ; :ldoce "decay" ; :wnsense "decay1v", "decay2v", "decay3v", "decompose2v" ; :wordnet "decay", "decompose" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the most general meaning of 'decay', which includes several senses. The more specific meanings are subtypes; This includes one sense of 'decompose'; other senses are represented as ''Decomposing''. Includes the three senses of the verb 'decay' in WordNet: 1. (3) disintegrate, decay, decompose - (lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current; 'the particles disintegrated during the nuclear fission process') 2. (2) decay, crumble, delapidate - (fall into decay or ruin; 'The unoccupied house started to decay') 3. decay - (undergo decay or decomposition; 'The body started to decay and needed to be cremated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeteriorationEvent, :LosingFunctionEvent . :Deceit :ldoce "deceit" ; :wnsense "deceit2n", "deception1n", "misrepresentation1n" ; :wordnet "deceit", "deception", "misrepresentation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Lie (intentionally false Assertion) that is intended to mislead. In WordNet a 'misrepresentation'is a falsehood but not a lie. It is unclear why it is not a lie, since the misrepresentation is intentional. In COSMO a 'Deceit' is a subtype of 'Lie'. For the act of Deceiving, use 'Deceiving'. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'deceit' and sense 1 of 'misrepresentation' and sense 1 of 'deception' in WordNet: 2. misrepresentation, deceit, deception - (a misleading falsehood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Falsehood . :Deceitful :isTheOppositeOf :Truthful ; :wnsense "deceitful2adj", "double-dealing1adj", "duplicitous1adj", "two-faced1adj" ; :wordnet "deceitful", "double-dealing", "duplicitous", "two-faced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Deceitful' is an attribute of people who do not hesitate to lile, and cannot be relied upon to tell the truth. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'deceitful' in WordNet: 2. ambidextrous, deceitful, double-dealing, duplicitous, Janus-faced, two-faced, double-faced, double-tongued - - (marked by deliberate deceptiveness especially by pretending one set of feelings and acting under the influence of another; 'she was a deceitful scheming little thing'- Israel Zangwill; 'a double-dealing double agent'; 'a double-faced infernal traitor and schemer'- W.M.Thackeray) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Deceiving :en "deceiving" ; :guid "bde09eef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "deceit", "deceive" ; :wnsense "deceit2n", "deceive2v", "deception2n", "deception3n" ; :wordnet "deceit", "deceive", "deception" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Deceiving is a Communication in which an Agent intentionally causes another Agent to believe something that is not true. The Communication does not have to be linguistic, it could be an action, such as a magic trick that is intended to actually deceive rather than just entertain. Linguistic assertions that deceive ('Lying') is a subtype. Cyc: A specialization of #$Pretending and #$InfluencingAnAgent: #$Deceiving is the collection of events in which an #$IntelligentAgent deliberately engages in activities which both are intended to, and in fact do, induce false beliefs in another agent. Note that if either the information conveyed by the would-be deceiver is in fact true (although the would-be deceiver thinks it's false), or the would-be victim of the deception does not, as a result of the would-be deceiver's actions, acquire the false beliefs as intended, then the act is not an instance of #$Deceiving, but is an instance of (#$AttemptingFn #$Deceiving). (Also see #$Lying.) Notable specializations of this collection include #$Cheating and #$Fraud. This corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'deceive' and senses 2 and 3 of 'deception' in WordNet: WN verb Deceive: 1. (5) deceive, lead on, delude, cozen - (be false to; be dishonest with) 2. (2) deceive, betray, lead astray - (cause someone to believe an untruth; 'The insurance company deceived me when they told me they were covering my house') WN noun 'deception' 2. deception, deceit, dissembling, dissimulation - (the act of deceiving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :Deception-Generic, :InfluencingAnAgent, :Pretending . :Deceleration :wnsense "decelerate1v", "deceleration2n", "retard4v", "slow down1v", "slow up3v", "slow1v" ; :wordnet "decelerate", "deceleration", "retard", "slow", "slow down", "slow up" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which the speed of something is decreased. this is only for decreases in speed (relative to something) - the CYC entry is for any change of speed: #$Accelerating-Translational occurs whenever #$velocityOfObject changes, e.g. speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction of translation. This is the intransitive sense, with the subject being the Object that is decelerating. @ToDo: A parent of the CYC type could be included to encompass both acceleration and deceleration. decelerate, slow, slow down Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deceleration' in Wordnet: 2. deceleration - ((physics) a rate of decrease in velocity) WN verb 'decelerate': 1. (1) decelerate, slow, slow down, slow up, retard - (lose velocity; move more slowly; 'The car decelerated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RateDecrease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speed ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :DecelerationOfaVehicle :wnsense "deceleration3n" ; :wordnet "deceleration" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which the speed of a vehicle decreases, in an intransitive sense. The transitive sense is Corresponds most closely to noun sense 3 of 'deceleration' in Wordnet: 3. deceleration - (the act of decelerating; decreasing the speed; 'he initiated deceleration by braking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deceleration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slower ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoppingaVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :December :wnsense "december1n" ; :wordnet "december" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are December. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'december' in Wordnet: 1. (14) December, Dec - (the last (12th) month of the year) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :December16th a :DayOfTheYear . :December25th a :DayOfTheYear . :Decency :disposesToAction :ActOfKindness ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Courteous ; :wnsense "decency2n" ; :wordnet "decency" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The trait of someone who is disposed to perform an ''ActOfKindness'' (more often than a typical person does), and also avoids behavior that can offend others or cause them inconvenience. This is *not* the avoidance of 'immoral' behavior or dress. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'decency' in Wordnet: 2. (2) decency - (the quality of being polite and respectable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kindness . :Deception-Generic :en "deception", "deceptive thing", "illusion", "something that deceives" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deception-Generic'' is a Situation in which some agent misperceives that situation to be what it is not in reality. This can be merely an optical illusion or some sounds that seem to be from one thing but are in fact from something else. This Action need not be the result of an agent trying to intentionally deceive, it is *any* form of mistaking the perception of one thing for another. What performs this Action can be an IntelligentAgent or simply an inanimate Object or situation that causes a mistaken understanding of what is being perceived. @mod53 No WN sense captures this; The WN senses all appear to be intentional deception. Closest RHW senses are is the general 'something that deceives ' part of sense 2 of 'deception': 2. something that deceives or is intended to deceive; fraud; artifice. and RHW sense 1 of 'illusion' 1. something that deceives by producing a false or misleading impression of reality. Such things are ''Deceptive'' and *cause* 'Misperception''. RHW 'misperceive' (nominal form = 'misperception'): to understand or perceive incorrectly; misunderstand. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfluencingAnAgent, :MisleadingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Misperception ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Decidable :en "decidable" ; :enadj "decidable" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposition ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Deciding ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Deciding ; :isTheOppositeOf :Undecidable ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Decidable'' is a mathematical concept characterizing propositions whose logical consistency can be determined by a specific logical method RHW 'decidable': 2. Logic. (of an axiom, proposition, etc.) having the property that its consistency or inconsistency with the axioms of a given logical system is determinable. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Deciding :guid "beb9b9f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "decide", "decision" ; :wnsense "conclude3v", "decide1v", "deciding1n", "decision-making1n", "decision2n", "determination3n", "determine5v", "make up one's mind1v", "resolve3v" ; :wordnet "conclude", "decide", "deciding", "decision", "decision-making", "determination", "determine", "make up one's mind", "resolve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The broad subclass of SelectingAmong where the agent opts for one course of action out of a set of multiple possibilities that are open to him/her, using various ''Consideration''s as factors in reaching the Decision. In this case the thing chosen will be an Action or a course of action, not an object. For specifically Choosing an Object (to use, obtain, possess, etc.) use 'Picking'. This includes judicial as well as personal decisions. There are several distinguishable subtypes- these are left for more detaifed work. Perhaps 'ResolvingAnIssue'? For the result of an agreement made at a Meeting, see ''Resolution''. In Cyc called 'DecidingToDoSomething' Cyc: This is the collection of mental acts of resolving to do a type of action. #$PurposefulActions are preceded by such a decision, which is what makes them intentional. One does not decide to do an action, since the action that one will do does not exist at the time of the decision; rather, one decides to do a type of act. NOTE that the SUMO 'Deciding' is also more specific than Cyc 'SelectingAmong' because the notion of an Action is more prominent. every 'selection' implies some action, but in selecting an object like an apple from a basket the action element has less prominent than in, for example, voting, or choosing a path to a goal. See also 'Picking' where some object is the focus of the 'SelectingAmong' Action.capability Includes sense 1 of 'decide' and noun sense 2 of 'decision' in Wordnet: 1. (125) decide, make up one's mind, determine - (reach, make, or come to a decision about something; 'We finally decided after lengthy deliberations') WN 'decision': 2. (195) decision, determination, conclusion - (the act of making up your mind about something; 'the burden of decision was his'; 'he drew his conclusions quickly') WN verb 'resolve': 3. (6) purpose, resolve - (reach a decision; 'he resolved never to drink again') WN noun 'deciding': 1. decision making, deciding - (the cognitive process of reaching a decision; 'a good executive must be good at decision making') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Judging, :SelectingAmong, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consideration ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decision ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deciding ; owl:onProperty :hadActionPerformed ] . :Deciding-Collectively :guid "bd589044-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a decision is reached by some group of agents (cf. #$Agent-Generic), and in which the relevant opinions of each of the agents are given due consideration in reaching that decision. This collection includes cases of informal collective decision-making (such as when a group of friends makes a collective decision to see a particular movie), as well as cases of formal collective decision-making (such as national #$Elections) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Choosing, :Deciding, :Judging, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ] . :DecidingAgainst :en "downvote" ; :wnsense "defeat1v", "kill2v", "shoot down3v", "turn thumbs down1v", "vote down1v", "vote down2v", "vote out1v" ; :wordnet "defeat", "kill", "shoot down", "turn thumbs down", "vote down", "vote out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DecidingAgainst'' is a ''DecidingByVote'' in which yes-no question was disapproved by a predominance of 'no'votes. NOTE that 'vote out' can only be used as a label for recall referenda in which a recall is the question to be decided by yes or no. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'vote down' in WordNet: 1. (1) kill, shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out - (thwart the passage of; 'kill a motion'; 'he shot down the student's proposal') 2. turn thumbs down, vote down - (vote against; 'The faculty turned thumbs down on the candidate for the Dean position') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competition, :Deciding-Collectively, :Event-Organized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :DecidingByVote :wnsense "ballot2n", "balloting1n", "vote1n", "voting1n" ; :wordnet "ballot", "balloting", "vote", "voting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DecidingByVote'' is a ''Deciding-Collectively'' in which a formal voting process with established rules (e.g. Robert's Rules) is used. This is broadly applicable to any voting process, but is distinct from the action of an individual who casts a vote.. NOTE that the subtype ''Election'' can have multiple choices. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voting' in WordNet: 1. (9) vote, ballot, voting, balloting - (a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative; 'there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competition, :Deciding-Collectively, :Event-Organized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :DeciduousPlant :guid "bd588481-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deciduous plant1n" ; :wordnet "deciduous plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Plant that drops leaves in the winter. CYC: A specialization of #$Plant-Woody. Each instance of #$DeciduousPlant is a plant which sheds all of its leaves once a year, seasonally, and subsequently grows new ones. Cf. #$EvergreenPlant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deciduous plant' in Wordnet: 1. deciduous plant - (a plant having foliage that is shed annually at the end of the growing season) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant-Woody . :DeciduousTree a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tree'' that drops leaves in the winter. Contrasts with ''EvergreenTree''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeciduousPlant, :Tree . :DecimalCharacter :ldoce "decimal" ; :wnsense "decimal point1n" ; :wordnet "decimal point" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DecimalCharacter is a character that is used as the separator between the whole number part and the fraction part of a DecimalNumberString. In the USA, it is a decimal point, but in some European countries, a comma is used as the decimal separator. LDOCE note: this type is aligned with 'decimal' in LDOCE, but it is understood that the meaning only covers the usage in the phrase 'decimal point'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'decimal point' in WordNet: 1. (1) decimal point, percentage point - (the dot at the left of a decimal fraction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractCharacter . :DecimalNumberString :ldoce "decimal" ; :wnsense "decimal2n" ; :wordnet "decimal" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DecimalNumberString is a NumberString that includes a decimal point, with digits after the decimal point. This is a string, and numbers expressed as fractions are not instances of 'DecimalNumberString', even if the values are the same. This concept is not identical to the datatype 'decimal' because the datatype does not require that a fraction be present. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'decimal' in WordNet: 2. decimal - (a number in the decimal system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumberString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DecimalCharacter ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] ; owl:disjointWith :IntegerString . :DecimalPoint :wnsense "decimal point1n", "percentage point1n" ; :wordnet "decimal point", "percentage point" ; a :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN term 'percentage point' is not in RHW: included here anyway, as there are no synonyms. Anything else use this term?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decimal point' in WordNet: 1. (1) decimal point, percentage point - (the dot at the left of a decimal fraction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dot-Abstract, :NotationalSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dot ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Decision :ldoce "decision" ; :wnsense "conclusion1n", "decision1n" ; :wordnet "conclusion", "decision" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Decision is a Judgment arrived at after some consideration, (by any IntentionalAgent) that may cause an agent to act in one way rather than an alternative. NOTE the difference between this 'conclusion' and the type ''Conclusion''; the latter is an ''Assertion'' whereas this is a ''Belief''. WordNet 2.1 synset 1 (decision, determination, conclusion) is defined as 'a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration'. Corresponds to non sense 1 of 'conclusion' in Wordnet: 1. (29) decision, determination, conclusion - (a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration; 'a decision unfavorable to the opposition'; 'his conclusion took the evidence into account'; 'satisfied with the panel's determination') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Judgment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :PersonType :FictionalCharacter :GroupType :Group ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Deciding ] . :Decisive :wnsense "decisive1adj" ; :wordnet "decisive" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attributeValue ''Decisive'' is an ''IntensiveAttributeValue'' of Actions (including arguments) that cause a desired effect, individually or in combination, *after* other Actions with the same purpose had not achieved the same intended effect. This is a subattribute of ''Determining'' for things that in themselves cause the effect. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decisive' in Wordnet: 1. (8) decisive - (determining or having the power to determine an outcome; 'cast the decisive vote'; 'two factors had a decisive influence') WN adj 'decisive': 2. (1) decisive - (unmistakable; 'had a decisive lead in the polls') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Causative, :Determining, :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Powerful . :DeckHand :guid "bd589bb8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Crew members (male or female) who work 'on the deck'. NOTE: WN gloss suggests not just on the top deck, but any part of the ship. This is for ''ManualLaborer''s, those who are not officers and not specialists. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deckhand' in WordNet: 1. deckhand, roustabout - (a member of a ship's crew who performs manual labor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManualLaborer, :Sailor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShipsDeck ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :DeckOfCards :ldoce "pack" ; :wnsense "deck of cards1n", "deck3n", "pack of cards1n" ; :wordnet "deck", "deck of cards", "pack of cards" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''DeckOfCards'' is a set of ''PlayingCard''s that includes the subtype ''PokerDeck'' of 52 cards, but can also be any set of a different number or type. This is just the Group of cards themselves, and does not include a box as a container. NOTE: this does not have to be a 52-card deck, as some decks ('Casino' or Tarot cards) have different numbers of cards. See ''PokerDeck'' for the 52-card set. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deck of cards' in WordNet: 1. (1) pack of cards, deck of cards, deck - (a pack of 52 playing cards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :GameArtifact, :HandSizedObject, :PackOfThings, :SetOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlayingCard ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :DeckOfaBuilding :wnsense "deck4n" ; :wordnet "deck" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeckOfaBuilding'' is a type of ''Porch'' that is adjacent to a residence, is made of wood, and is elevated to some extent off the ground by supporting poles or beams. Not typically covered, but open to the sky. Generally accessible from a building level above the ground level. Corresponds approximately (does not have to resemble the deck of a ship!) to noun sense 14 of 'deck' in WordNet: 4. deck - (a porch that resembles the deck on a ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Porch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elevated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residence ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Declaration :ldoce "declaration" ; :wnsense "declaration1n" ; :wordnet "declaration" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Assertion that is strong and emphatic to emphasis that they are true, produced by a ''Declaring''. It may be formal, and may occur in some formal setting. This is for Assertions that have some degree of strength or formality. For Formal assertions by an Authority about some public issue, use the sbtype 'Proclamation''. In SUMO called 'Declaring'. SUMO The Class of LinguisticCommunications that effect an institutional alteration when performed by competent authority. Some examples are nominating, marrying, and excommunicating. NOTE: in COSMO this is an abstract LinguisticAssertion, not an Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'declaration' in WordNet: 1. (4) declaration - (a statement that is emphatic and explicit (spoken or written)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Declaring ] . :Declarative :isAnAttributeValueOf :Sentence, :Statement ; :pertainsTo :Assertion, :Declaring ; :wnsense "asserting1adj", "declarative1adj", "declaratory1adj" ; :wordnet "asserting", "declarative", "declaratory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Declarative'' pertains Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'declarative' in Wordnet: 1. (1) declarative, declaratory, asserting - (relating to the use of or having the nature of a declaration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertive, :PertainingAttributeValue . :Declaring :en "declaring" ; :ldoce "declaration", "declare" ; :wnsense "declaration1v", "declare1v" ; :wordnet "declaration", "declare" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Declaring is an AssertingEvent in which an Agent asserts something with emphasis that implies that it is to be taken as authoritatively true. It is not necessarily a Speaking event. The restriction requires that each Declaring produces some Declaration - the content of the Declaring. NOTE that verb sense 3 of 'declare' in WordNet (a solemn declaration) is a subtype of verb sense 1 This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'declare' and noun sense 1 of 'declaration' in WordNet: 1. declare - (state emphatically and authoritatively; 'He declared that he needed more money to carry out the task he was charged with') WN Noun 'declaration': 1. (4) declaration - (a statement that is emphatic and explicit (spoken or written)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Declaration ] . :Decline :wnsense "declination1n", "decline1n", "decline2n", "diminution1n" ; :wordnet "declination", "decline", "diminution" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Decline'' is a 'Reduction' in the quality or functionality or size (to the extent that that affects functionality) of something. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'decline' in WordNet: 1. (4) decline, diminution - (change toward something smaller or lower) 2. (2) decline, declination - (a condition inferior to an earlier condition; a gradual falling off from a better state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discounted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :DecliningAnOffer :ldoce "refusal", "refuse" ; :wnsense "decline3v", "refusal1n", "refuse1v" ; :wordnet "decline", "refusal", "refuse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'DecliningAnOffer' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s) does not desire (and therefore does not agree) to perform some action proposed or suggested or some assistance or thing offered by another agent. This is a broad category of responses to 'Offering' and may include declining help in some activity, declining an offer by the offerer to sell something (therefore a refusal to buy), or even declining some food offered. This is a response to an AsertingEvent, but in some cases an 'Offering' may be performed gesturally, and that is still considered as an 'AssertingEvent' though it does not use verbal communication. For example, at a cocktail hour a waiter may put a tray of hors d'oeuvres in front of one, consituting an offer of the food - this is an instance of 'assertion' and declining to take any object thus offered is an instance of this type 'DecliningAnOffer'. . This corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'decline' and sense 2 of 'reject' and verb sense 1 of 'refuse' and noun sense 2 of 'refusal' in WordNet: 3. (47) refuse, decline - (show unwillingness towards; 'he declined to join the group on a hike') WN verb 'reject': 2. (15) refuse, reject, pass up, turn down, decline - (refuse to accept; 'He refused my offer of hospitality') WN noun 'refusal': 1. (4) refusal - (the act of refusing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refusing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Offering ] . :Decluttering :en "declutter", "decluttering" ; :ldoce "clear" ; :wnsense "clear1v", "unclutter1v" ; :wordnet "clear", "unclutter" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Decluttering'' is an Action in which some Object(s) are removed from an area - a surface or a closet, or a room, - usually in order to make the surface clear of objects. This can be for any purpose, such as making work easier or making the location more attractive. The location that was decluttered can be specified by the relation ''hadChangedEntity''. This corresponds to the notion of 'clearing' a desk, a shelf, an area, the floor of a room. But this does not include removing dirt or paint or any coating material from a surface, only solid objects. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'clear' in Wordnet: 1. (16) unclutter, clear - (rid of obstructions; 'Clear your desk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClearingaLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObjectGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ] . :Decoding :eng "deciphering" ; :guid "c0b6c084-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "decipher1v", "decode1v", "decoding1n", "decryption1n" ; :wordnet "decipher", "decode", "decoding", "decryption" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events where some data in an #$InformationBearingThing are transformed from a complex/compressed format to a more usable or natural format. SUMO: Converting a document or message that has previously been encoded (see Encoding) into a Language that can be understood by a relatively large number of speakers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decoding' and verb sense 1 of 'decode' in Wordnet: 1. decoding, decryption, decipherment - (the activity of making clear or converting from code into plain text; 'a secret key or password is required for decryption') WN verb 'decode': 1. decode, decrypt, decipher - (convert code into ordinary language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBTRecoding, :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Encoding ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cryptography ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Decomposing :en "decomposing" ; :guid "bd58b2de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bd58b357-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "decay", "decompose" ; :wnsense "decay3n", "decay3v", "decompose3v", "decomposition4n", "decomposition5n", "putrefaction2n", "rot1v", "rot2n", "rotting1n" ; :wordnet "decay", "decompose", "decomposition", "putrefaction", "rot", "rotting" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subtype of 'Decaying' applied to living or formerly living things (organisms or parts of organisms). any 'decomposing' that is not of biological material is represented by ''ChemicalDecomposition''. This type merges Cyc DecompositionEvent and Cyc DecompositionProcess, including both partial and complete decompopsitions. The distinction between partial and complete decomposition may be useful, but needs careful logical definition, as small residual undecomposed starting material is common in chemical decompositions, but do not change the general character of the event. This is a subtype of ''DeteriorationEvent'', indicating that for at least some purposes decomposing is a reduction in the original functionality - which assumes that the undecomposed entity has some functionality. Cyc DecompositionEvent: The collection of events in which one or more objects decompose more or less completely. See also the more general concept #$DecompositionProcess, in whose instances objects at least partially decompose. Cyc DecompositionProcess: A specialization of both #$SeparationEvent and #$PhysicalTransformationProcess. Each instance of #$DecompositionProcess is an event in which some object's matter undergoes chemical reactions (sometimes mediated by microorganisms) that result in the object losing its shape and other material characteristics. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'decompose' in WordNet: 3. decompose, rot, molder, moulder - (break down; 'The bodies decomposed in the heat') WN This is a subtype of sense 3 of 'decay' in WordNet: 3. decay - (undergo decay or decomposition; 'The body started to decay and needed to be cremated') WN noun 'decomposition': 4. (1) decay, decomposition - (the organic phenomenon of rotting) 5. decomposition, rot, rotting, putrefaction - ((biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalTransformationEvent, :Decaying, :DeteriorationEvent, :SeparationEvent . :Decongestant :guid "bd5897b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "decongestant1n" ; :wordnet "decongestant" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Decongestant'' is a ''DrugSubstance'' that reduces 'congestion' of the lungs or upper air passages. CYC: A drug that relieves congestion (as of mucous membranes) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decongestant' in WordNet: 1. decongestant - (a drug that decreases pulmonary congestion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PulmonaryCongestion ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :Decorated :isAnAttributeValueOf :SolidObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Decorating ; :wnsense "adorned1adj", "decorated1adj" ; :wordnet "adorned", "decorated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Decorated'' is the attribute ofa PhysicalObject that has experienced a ''Decorating'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decorated' in Wordnet: 1. adorned, decorated - (provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Decorating :en "adorning", "decorating", "ornamenting" ; :ldoce "decorate" ; :wnsense "adorn1v", "adorn2v", "beautify2v", "beautify3v", "decorate1v", "decorate2v", "decorate4v", "decoration3n", "embellish2v", "ornament1v" ; :wordnet "adorn", "beautify", "decorate", "decoration", "embellish", "ornament" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Decorating'' is the act of 'Beautifying'' an object or place by putting a decorative object or markings in or on an object or place. As a subtype of 'ActionOnObject', at least one of the objects affected (the decorative item or the thing decorated) must be explicitly mentioned. Corresponds to sense 3 of noun 'decoration' and senses 1, 2, and 4 of verb 'decorate' in WordNet: 3. decoration - (the act of decorating something (in the hope of making it more attractive)) WN verb 'decorate': 1. (6) decorate, adorn, grace, ornament, embellish, beautify - (make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.; 'Decorate the room for the party'; 'beautify yourself for the special day') 2. deck, adorn, decorate, grace, embellish, beautify - (be beautiful to look at; 'Flowers adorned the tables everywhere') dress, decorate - (provide with decoration; 'dress the windows') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :Beautifying, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decoration ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ] . :Decoration :guid "c0f7d245-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "decoration" ; :wnsense "decoration1n", "ornament1n" ; :wordnet "decoration", "ornament" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: This ''Decoration'' is the object(s), not the Action: This is a class of PhysicalObject that are either designed or merely used for decoration (syn: ornamentation). If it is designed as an ornament, the Role will be permanent; if it is a natural object merely used as an Ornament, the Role may be temporary. This is not the collective noun referring to all decorations, though a single 'decoration' may consist of multiple objects. NOTE: Ornamental objects affixed to a Structure rather than being portable are represented under ''StructuralOrnament''. NOTE that jewelry and body 'ornamentation' are included in the parent type 'Ornament' and this type is for decoration of inanimate objects. NOTE: A Christmas Tree may itself be a 'Decoration' (of a room), and things hanging on it may be 'Decorations' (of the tree). Cyc comment: Instances of this collection are (typically non-essential) accessories or components that are added to a thing; they are used to visually enhance (e.g., beautify or possibly to connote something) the thing they are added to. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'decoration' and sense 1 of 'ornament' in WordNet: 1. (4) decoration, ornament, ornamentation - (something used to beautify) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ornament . :DecreaseEvent :guid "be2b0b9c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "decrease", "reduce", "reduction" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :IncreaseEvent ; :wnsense "decrease1n", "decrease4n", "reduce7v", "reduce9v", "reduction1n", "trim3v" ; :wordnet "decrease", "reduce", "reduction", "trim" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Events the focal characteristic of which is a decrease in some quantity; this includes decreases that are natural (not 'Actions') as well as decreases that are caused by an agent.. NOTE that a decrease in altitude is represented by the subtype 'Descending'. This type includes the notion of 'reduction' both in the intransitive sense ('there was a reduction of sales in June') and transitive ('Tom reduced his weight by twenty pounds'). The action of *causing* a decrease is represented as the more specific type 'Reduction'. The intransitive sense of 'reduce' and 'reduction' is not separate in WordNet. This type should be used when it is not clear that the decrease is caused by some agent that is identifiable as to type or individual; otherwise use 'Reduction'. Includes both noun senses 1 (intransitive) and 4 (action) of 'decrease' and verb senses 1 and 2 and noun sense 1 of 'reduction' and verb senses 7 and 9 of 'reduce' in WordNet: 1. (7) decrease, lessening, drop-off - (a change downward; 'there was a decrease in his temperature as the fever subsided'; 'there was a sharp drop-off in sales') 4. decrease, diminution, reduction, step-down - (the act of decreasing or reducing something) WN verb 'decrease' 1. (23) decrease, diminish, lessen, fall - (decrease in size, extent, or range; 'The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester'; 'The cabin pressure fell dramatically'; 'her weight fell to under a hundred pounds'; 'his voice fell to a whisper') WN verb 'reduce' 7. (2) shrink, reduce - (reduce in size; reduce physically; 'Hot water will shrink the sweater'; 'Can you shrink this image?') 9. (1) reduce, scale down - (make smaller; 'reduce an image') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent . :Decreased :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DecreaseEvent ; :wnsense "decreased1adj" ; :wordnet "decreased" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of things that have some quantitative measure, indicating that the current quantity is lower than some prior reference level. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decreased' in WordNet: 1. decreased, reduced - (made less in size or amount or degree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Decreasing :en "declining", "dropping" ; :enadj "declining", "dropping" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :DecreaseEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Increasing ; :wnsense "decreasing1adj", "falling1adj" ; :wordnet "decreasing", "falling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of AttributeValues or Quantities whose magnitude is becoming lower. 'declining' is not in WN or RHW, but is a relatively common word, as an adjective. Need examples to determine more precise meaning. 'dropping' is also used in this sense: 'his temperature was dropping'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'decreasing' in Wordnet: 1. (1) decreasing - (becoming less or smaller) WN adj 'falling': 1. (1) falling - (decreasing in amount or degree; 'falling temperature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Decree :wnsense "decree1n", "edict1n", "edict2n", "fiat1n", "order6n", "rescript2n" ; :wordnet "decree", "edict", "fiat", "order", "rescript" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Decree'' has elements of both a Rule and an Order. These may be distinguished. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'decree' in WordNet: 1. (4) decree, edict, fiat, order, rescript - (a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge); 'a friend in New Mexico said that the order caused no trouble out there') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RuleForBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decreeing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proclamation ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Decreeing :wnsense "decree2v", "rule2v" ; :wordnet "decree", "rule" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Decreeing'' is an 'AssigningaRule' that creates a ''Decree'' that has some formal and autthoritative effect. The difference between this and the parent ''AssigningaRule'' is that the Person making the ''Decree'' is someone with 'final authority' in the time and place and context (not necessarily governmental or judicial) - the Person performing this act has 'unquestioned authority' to do so, backed by some form of law. In democratic systems, a ''Decree' by one court or administrator or legislative body may be 'overruled' (reversed) by an even higher authority, or a succeeding authority with the same type of authority or even higher 'final authority'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'decree' in WordNet: 2. rule, decree - (decide with authority; 'The King decreed that all firstborn males should be killed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningaRule, :Deciding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :FinalAuthority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ; owl:someValuesFrom :Decree ] . :Dedicated :isAnAttributeValueOf :Prediction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DedicatingOneself ; :wnsense "dedicated1adj" ; :wordnet "dedicated" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Dedicated'' is the attribute of a Person who has committed his/herself to some Person or cause or belief or activity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dedicated' in Wordnet: 1. (3) dedicated - (devoted to a cause or ideal or purpose; 'a dedicated dancer'; 'dedicated teachers'; 'dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal'- A.Lincoln) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DedicatingOneself :wnsense "commit2v", "dedicate1v", "devote1v", "give18v" ; :wordnet "commit", "dedicate", "devote", "give" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AdoptingaPractice'' is a form of ''AdoptingaPractice'' is a 'Choosing' in which the choosing ''IntelligentAgent'' chooses to spend much or even most of his/her time and effort to some specific purpose. Each of the synnymous verbs is usually followed by 'oneself' or 'his self' or 'her self' when used in this sense, unless it is followed by some word indicating effort or time. When 'give' is used it may be in the phrase 'gave himself over to . . .' (something, an Activity, a Person or cause - the thing to which a Person dedicates her/his self is pointed to by the relation ''hasMainTopic''). When used with a person as the indirect object, this usually means to plan to devote much time serving that person's needs. *NOTE* this is not for the sense of 'dedicating' an object to some purpose. See 'SettingAside''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dedicate' in WordNet: 1. (4) give, dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote - (give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause; 'She committed herself to the work of God'; 'give one's talents to a good cause'; 'consecrate your life to the church') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdoptingaPractice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActionType ; owl:onProperty :caused ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dedicated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :DedicatingaPublicFacility :en "dedicating" ; :wnsense "dedicate2v" ; :wordnet "dedicate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DedicatingaPublicFacility'' is an Action in which one or more agents (usually a representative of a Governmentagency) presides at a ceremony formally opening up some facilty (a park, building, highway) to public use. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dedicate' in WordNet: 2. dedicate - (open to public use, as of a highway, park, or building; 'The Beauty Queen spends her time dedicating parks and nursing homes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Earmarking, :PublicAssembly, :StartingAnAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :starts ; owl:someValuesFrom :PublicUse ] . :DeductiveArgument :en "deductive argument" ; :enn "deductive argument" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An Argument which has the form of a deduction, i.e. it is claimed that the set of premises entails the conclusion. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Argument . :Deep :isTheOppositeOf :Shallow ; :ldoce "deep" ; :wnsense "deep3adj" ; :wordnet "deep" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Deep is an AttributeValue of a BodyOfWater or other Object that relates to the distance from the surface to the bottom or from the front to the back; this is a relative term whose meaning depends on the type of object that it modifies. For BodyOfWater, a 'deep' swimming pool will have a depth much less than a 'deep' lake, and that much less than a 'deep' ocean.. As a LogicalFunction, this term can take a type of Object and return a subtype of that Object; it can also be used postpositionally with a distance measure to return an Attribute: [25 feet deep]. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'deep' inWordNet: in WordNet: 3. (11) deep - (having great spatial extension or penetration downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or laterally or outward from a center; sometimes used in combination; 'a deep well'; 'a deep dive'; 'deep water'; 'a deep casserole'; 'a deep gash'; 'deep massage'; 'deep pressure receptors in muscles'; 'deep shelves'; 'a deep closet'; 'surrounded by a deep yard'; 'hit the ball to deep center field'; 'in deep space'; 'waist-deep') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DeepForaDish :en "deep for a dish" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeepForaDish'' specifies that the particular ;;Dish'' or subype of ''Diah' is deeper (top to bottom is longer distance) than the average ''Dish''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dish ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfComparison ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Depth ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deep ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ] . :DeepGreenColor :guid "a57d0a4c-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "bottle green1n" ; :wordnet "bottle green" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: DeepGreen-Color RHW: 'bottle green' = 'a deep green.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bottle green' in WordNet: 1. bottle green - (dark to moderate or greyish green) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GreenColor . :DeepHoleInTheGround :ldoce "ditch" ; :wnsense "ditch1n" ; :wordnet "ditch" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeepHoleInTheGround'' is a ''HoleInTheGround'' that is deeper that the widest width of the surface opening. This will be true of a ''Mine'' (other than open-pit) or a ''Cave'' or a ''Well''. Subtypes of ''HoleInTheGround'' that do not have a ratio of width/depth that is consistently less than 1 will be represented by the less specific parent ''HoleInTheGround''. An approximately horizontal tunnel is not an instance. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'ditch' in WordNet: 1. (2) ditch - (a long narrow excavation in the earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoleInTheGround, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DeepReasoning :en "deep reasoning" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeepReasoning'' is a level of 'Reasoning' that requires higher than average IQ. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Difficult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prolonged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DeepRed-Color :guid "9c7e11ce-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "deep red1adj" ; :wordnet "deep red" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deep red' in Wordnet: 1. crimson, ruby, deep red - (a deep and vivid red color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarmineColor, :Red, :RubyColor . :DeepYellowGreen-Color :guid "e633cfa0-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GreenColor . :Deeper :en "deeper" ; :enadj "deeper" ; :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute :Deep ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Deeper' is an AttributeValue of a BodyOfWater or other Object that relates to the distance from the surface to the bottom; this is a relative term whose meaning depends on the object or type of object to which it is compared. This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a function in an FOL implementation: it takes a Group of objects and selects the highest one. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue, :Deep . :Deepest :en "deepest" ; :enadj "deepest" ; :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute :Deep ; :isaHigherLevelOf :Deeper ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Deepest' is an AttributeValue of a BodyOfWater or other Object that relates to the distance from the surface to the bottom; this is a relative term whose meaning depends on the object or type of object to which it is compared. This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a function in an FOL implementation: it takes a Group of objects and selects the highest one. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deeper . :Deeply :isMoreIntenseThan :Strongly ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Profound ; :wnsense "deeply1adv", "profoundly1adv" ; :wordnet "deeply", "profoundly" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deeply'' is a more intense modifier than''Strongly'' for ''MentalEvent''s. ('deeply moved by the loss of her child') Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'deeply' in WordNet: 1. (16) profoundly, deeply - (to a great depth psychologically; 'They felt the loss deeply') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Deer :guid "bd58be8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "deer" ; :wnsense "cervid1n", "deer1n" ; :wordnet "cervid", "deer" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalFamily, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type's members are single animals; this is not the collective sense. For specifying antlers, see ''AntleredStag'' for discussion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 (the only sense) of 'deer' in WordNet: 1. (2) deer, cervid - (distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameAnimal, :HerdAnimal, :Ruminant, :WildAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Antler ; owl:onProperty :maleHasBodyPart ] . :DeerMouse :guid "7621c851-adaa-11d7-96a2-0002b3a84f94" ; :ldoce "mouse" ; :wnsense "deer mouse1n" ; :wordnet "deer mouse" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A kind of #$Mouse-Rodent that is common in North America. Believed to be the primary natural reservoir for #$SinNombre-Virus. Corresponds to sense 1 (the onyl sense) of 'deer mouse' in WordNet: 1. deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus - (brownish New World mouse; most widely distributed member of the genus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeromyscusGenus . :DeerTick :wnsense "Ixodes dammini1n", "deer tick1n" ; :wordnet "Ixodes dammini", "deer tick" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeerTick'' is a type of''tick'' that infests ''deer and is a vector (carrier) of 'Lyme disease'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deer tick' in WordNet: 1. Ixodes dammini, deer tick - (a northeastern tick now recognized as same species as Ixodes scapularis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deer ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Defacing :wnsense "blemish1v", "deface1v", "disfigure1v", "impair2v", "mar1v" ; :wordnet "blemish", "deface", "disfigure", "impair", "mar" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Events where a PhysicalObject with some degree of attractiveness is changed in a way that reduces the attractiveness.. The agent may be volitional or natural. Includes verb sense 1 of 'deface' and verb sense 1 of 'mar' in WordNet: 1. deface, disfigure, blemish - (mar or spoil the appearance of; 'scars defaced her cheeks'; 'The vandals disfigured the statue') WN verb 'mar': 1. (6) mar, impair, spoil, deflower, vitiate - (make imperfect; 'nothing marred her beauty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DamagingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :Defaming :eng "defaming", "denigrating" ; :wnsense "asperse1adj", "besmirch1v", "calumniate1v", "defame1v", "denigrate2v", "slander1v", "smear4v", "smirch2v", "sully3v" ; :wordnet "asperse", "besmirch", "calumniate", "defame", "denigrate", "slander", "smear", "smirch", "sully" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defame' in WordNet: 1. defame, slander, smirch, asperse, denigrate, calumniate, smear, sully, besmirch - (charge falsely or with malicious intent; attack the good name and reputation of someone; 'The journalists have defamed me!' 'The article in the paper sullied my reputation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accusing . :DefaultOption :wnsense "default option1n", "default1n" ; :wordnet "default", "default option" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DefaultOption'' is the ''AlternativeThing'' in a list of ''Options'' that is selected by the system presenting the options if the chooser does not actively choose some other option.. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'default' in WordNet: 4. default option, default - (an option that is selected automatically unless an alternative is specified) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlternativeThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAlternative ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstituteThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Options ] . :DefaultRelation :wnsense "typically1adv" ; :wordnet "typically" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''DefaultRelation'' is used as an owl:objectProperty that can serve as a parent property for relations (instances of owl:ObjectProperty) when the First-Order Logic needs to interpret those relations as 'default', i.e. they are *typically* true. In COSMO the relations not instances of this type should be interpreted as necessary and not defeasible. \"typically\" This was introduce at rev 1487, and the usage of relations needs to be reviewed to determine where this should be applied. Until then, those relations having 'typically' in the label are assumed to be instances of this type. *NOTE* that for use in KIF relations, the 'owl:ObjectProperty' \"typically\" can be used as an adverbial modifier for assertions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'typically' in WordNet: 1. (8) typically - (in a typical manner; 'Tom was typically hostile') """ . :DefaultValue a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DefaultValue' is a Class that can be used as an additional type for instances of entities that serve as the default value for some relation. Use of this mechanism to specify defaults is is complementary to the use of the type 'RelationDefault' together with 'hasRelationDefault'. If an instance of some entity is specified as the value of a relation, and it is also specified as an instance of 'DefaultValue', then this value is to be interpreted as a default value for that relation on that entity. This has the same effect (with a different notation) of using the 'hasRelationDefault' relation with some value of 'RelationDefault'. This may be used in cases where 'hasRelationDefault' may not serve, such as cases where that class does not have that default, but a time slice of instances of that class may have that default. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual . :DefaultingonaDebt :wnsense "default on1n", "default1v" ; :wordnet "default", "default on" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DefaultingonaDebt'' is the final 'MissingaPayment' Action (non-Action) that triggers a 'default' state and may cause Actions on the Party owed money to recover the debt by any of various processes,such as getting a ''Lien'' on the debtor's property. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'default' in WordNet: 1. (1) default, default on - (fail to pay up) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MissingaPayment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalAction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Defeated :en "beaten" ; :enadj "beaten" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DefeatingAnOpponent ; :wnsense "defeated1adj" ; :wordnet "defeated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Paved'' is an AttributeValue of some part of the Ground that has been covered with a ''PavedSurface'' in a ''PavingEvent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'defeated' in Wordnet: 1. defeated - (beaten or overcome; not victorious; 'the defeated enemy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Defeathering :en "defeather" ; :eng "defeathering" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Defeathering'' is the act of removing feathers (a ''GroupOfFeathers'') from the skin of a Bird. This includes removing feathers from a bird in preparation for Cooking, but can be for any purpose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClearingaSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfFeathers ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :DefeatingAnOpponent :en "beating an opponent", "whup" ; :eng "whuping" ; :enn "beating an opponent" ; :env "whup" ; :guid "c0dcee38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "beat", "defeat" ; :typicallyFinishes :Competition ; :wnsense "beat out1v", "beat1v", "beating1n", "crush3v", "defeat1v", "get the better of1v", "overcome1v", "shell5v", "trounce2v", "vanquish1v", "whipping4n" ; :wordnet "beat", "beat out", "beating", "crush", "defeat", "get the better of", "overcome", "shell", "trounce", "vanquish", "whipping" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type is used for the action of an Agent (individual or group) that prevails over some opponent in a contest (competition) of any kind, and is not restricted to military actions as it is in Cyc, Every instance of DefeatingAnOpponent is the result of some competition; however, some Competitions result in a tie or a cancellation, so the inverse is not necessarily true. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'beat' in WordNet; this is a subtype of 'defeat' in WN, but 'defeat' should be a synonym of this type. Cyc: Instances of this collection are events in which an agent effectively nullifies an adversary's ability to persue opposing goals in a conflict. In general, this means that the adversary has either become unwilling or unable to further pursue his intended course of action. See also #$ConflictEvent. NOTE that the WordNet synset includes 'trounce' and other words indicating a decisive victory; this should be a subtype of 'beat, defeat'; includes part of verb sense 1 of 'defeat' in WordNet; Wordnet also includes metaphoric senses such as 'conquering fear', which are not included in this COSMO type: in WordNet: 1. (18) beat, beat out, crush, shell, trounce, vanquish - (come out better in a competition, race, or conflict; 'Agassi beat Becker in the tennis championship'; 'We beat the competition'; 'Harvard defeated Yale in the last football game') WN verb 'defeat': 1. (14) get the better of, overcome, defeat - (win a victory over; 'You must overcome all difficulties'; 'defeat your enemies'; 'He overcame his shyness'; 'She conquered here fear of mice'; 'He overcame his infirmity'; 'Her anger got the better of her and she blew up') WN noun 'beating': 1. (1) beating, whipping - (the act of overcoming or outdoing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :WinningaContest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Competition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Winner ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loser ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Defeatist :wnsense "defeatist1n", "negativist2n" ; :wordnet "defeatist", "negativist" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Defeatist'' is a ''Pessimist'' who gives up trying because s/he thinks the task cannot be accomplished successfully. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defeatist' in WordNet: 1. defeatist, negativist - (someone who is resigned to defeat without offering positive suggestions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuittingAction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Defecating :en "defecating", "do number 2", "go to the bathroom" ; :guid "bd58cc6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ca-ca1v", "crap1v", "defecate1v", "elimination2n", "empty5v", "evacuate5v", "evacuation1n", "excreting1n", "excretion1n", "make31v", "shit2v", "take a crap1v", "take a shit1v", "void4v", "voiding1n" ; :wordnet "ca-ca", "crap", "defecate", "elimination", "empty", "evacuate", "evacuation", "excreting", "excretion", "make", "shit", "take a crap", "take a shit", "void", "voiding" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Expelling solid waste from the body. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defecate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca, crap, make - (have a bowel movement; 'The dog had made in the flower beds') WN noun 'elimination': 2. elimination, evacuation, excretion, excreting, voiding - (the bodily process of discharging waste matter) WN verb 'evacuate': 5. evacuate, void, empty - (excrete or discharge from the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excreting, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Feces ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Feces ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Defect :wnsense "defect3n", "fault5n", "flaw1n" ; :wordnet "defect", "fault", "flaw" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Defect' is a 'Flaw' in some ArtifactObject that is a part of a ''Device'' that renders it less than optimally functional. This can be present a time of manufacture, or can occur as a result of damaging. This can be a part of the device that does not perform its proper function. A ''Defect'' will cause a ''Malfunction'' but a ''Malfunction'' by itself is not a ''Defect''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'defect' and sense 1 of 'flaw' in WordNet: 1. (2) defect, fault, flaw - - (an imperfection in a device or machine; 'if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flaw, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Device ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malfunctioning ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ] . :Defective :contrastsWith :Perfect ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Device ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Defect ; :isTheOppositeOf :Impeccable ; :wnsense "bad14adj", "defective1adj", "defective3adj", "faulty2adj" ; :wordnet "bad", "defective", "faulty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of having a ''Defect''. This should be used for devices. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'defective' in Wordnet: 1. (2) defective, faulty - (having a defect; 'I returned the appliance because it was defective') 3. bad, defective - (not working properly; 'a bad telephone connection'; 'a defective appliance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flawed . :Defendant :wnsense "defendant1n" ; :wordnet "defendant" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Defendant'' is a ''Litigant'' who is defending against a complaint in a court case, whether criminal or civil. NOTE that the criminal sense of 'suspect' is represented as the subtype ''Accused''. (a 'suspect' in normal usage is not necessarily a defendant). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defendant' in WordNet: 1. (4) defendant, suspect - (a person or institution against whom an action is brought in a court of law; the person being sued or accused) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Litigant . :Defending :en "defending" ; :ldoce "defend", "defense", "guard" ; :wnsense "defence9n", "defend2v", "defend3v", "defend6v", "defense2n", "defense4n", "guard3v" ; :wordnet "defence", "defend", "defense", "guard" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which an Agent protects himself, a place, or an some other Agent against the acts of some opponent Agent. The case of 'defense' against a disease is a 'Protecting' (the parent type). Each 'Defending' is an 'Interfering' with the opponent's plans. The opponent is an important part of this concept. Corresponds to verb senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'defend' and verb sense 1 of 'protect' and verb sense 3 of 'guard' in WN; sense 4 should be 'defend against' - not close to the other meanings because the object defended against is not an opponent. Sense 3 is the more specific subtype 'HoldingAgainstAttack' in WordNet: 2. (14) defend - (be on the defensive; act against an attack) 3. (3) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; 'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks') 4. (2) fight, oppose, fight back, fight down, defend - (fight against or resist strongly; 'The senator said he would oppose the bill'; 'Don't fight it!') 6. defend, represent - (be the defense counsel for someone in a trial; 'Ms. Smith will represent the defendant') WN verb 'guard': 3. (2) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; 'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks') WN noun 'defense': 2. (327) defense, defence, defensive measure - (military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies; 'they died in the defense of Stalingrad'; 'they were developed for the defense program') 4. (40) defense, defence - (protection from harm; 'sanitation is the best defense against disease') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interfering, :Protecting . :DefendingAgainstAnAccusation :en "defend against an accusation", "deny an accusation", "maintain one's innocence" ; :ldoce "defend" ; :wnsense "defend7v", "maintain8v" ; :wordnet "defend", "maintain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DefendingAgainstAnAccusation'' is a 'Defending' Action in which a Person takes some action - usually verbal - to rebut an accusation so as to preserve her/his reputation an avoid bad consequences. The defending can take various forms, all included here. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'defend' in WordNet: 7. maintain, defend - (state or assert; 'He maintained his innocence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Defending . :DefendingaProposition :wnsense "defend1v", "fend for1v", "pro2n", "support8v" ; :wordnet "defend", "fend for", "pro", "support" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''DefendingaProposition'' is an ''ArguingInFavorOfSomething'' that is a ''Responding'' to some ''ArguingAgainstSomething'' where the 'something' is the same ''Proposition'' both for and against. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defend' in WordNet: 1. (19) defend, support, fend for - (argue or speak in defense of; 'She supported the motion to strike') WN noun 'pro': 2. pro - (an argument in favor of a proposal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArguingInFavorOfSomething, :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proposition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArguingAgainstSomething ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArgumentPro ] . :DefenseSystem :guid "bdc0e9f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$DefenseSystem is a specialization of both #$ProtectiveSystem and #$Artifact. Instances of #$DefenseSystem are created by agents to protect things (not necessarily the agents themselves) from harmful situations or individuals.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtectiveSystem, :SolidTangibleArtifact . :Defensive :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DefendingAgainstAnAccusation :HoldingAgainstAttack :MilitaryDefenseAction ) ] ; :wnsense "defensive1adj", "defensive2adj", "defensive3adj" ; :wordnet "defensive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Defensive'' describes Actions or objects that have the purpose of ''Defending'' something against some possible harm or threat. 'on the defensive' -adj?? 'defensive weapons' - oxymoron? Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'defensive' in WordNet: 1. (9) defensive - (intended or appropriate for defending against or deterring aggression or attack; 'defensive weapons'; 'a defensive stance') 2. (1) defensive, justificative, justificatory - (attempting to justify or defend in speech or writing) 3. defensive - (serving as or appropriate for defending or protecting; 'defensive fortifications'; 'defensive dikes to protect against floods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :Protective . :DefensiveStructure :wnsense "defence7n", "defense5n", "defensive structure1n" ; :wordnet "defence", "defense", "defensive structure" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DefensiveStructure' is a PhysicalObject that is designed to hold people and protect them from attack. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defensive structure' in WordNet: 1. defensive structure, defense, defence - (a structure used to defend against attack; 'the artillery battered down the defenses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, :SolidObject, :Structure . :DefensiveWall :guid "be01156a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Wall-GenericBarrier surrounding an area that is not a single bilding, but has ground or other base on which structures inside the wall can be built.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DefenseSystem, :Enclosure, :SheetArtifact, :SurroundingWall . :Deference :wnsense "deference1n", "respect4n" ; :wordnet "deference", "respect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deference'' is a ''PoliteAction'' that is more than moderately ''Polite'' in which a Person 'defers' to another Person to express recognition of that other Person's superior status in some respect. This includes giving 'deference' to some written opinion of a Person the 'deferer' considers worth respect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deference' in WordNet: 1. (1) deference, respect - (a courteous expression (by word or deed) of esteem or regard; 'his deference to her wishes was very flattering'; 'be sure to give my respects to the dean') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliteAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deferring ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Deferential :isAnAttributeValueOf :Deference, :Deferring ; :wnsense "deferential1adj" ; :wordnet "deferential" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deferential' in Wordnet: 1. deferent, deferential, regardful - (showing deference) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informative . :Deferring :wnsense "accede1v", "bow2v", "defer2v", "give in1v", "submit6v" ; :wordnet "accede", "bow", "defer", "give in", "submit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defer' in WordNet: 2. (1) submit, bow, defer, accede, give in - (submit or yield to another's wish or opinion; 'The government bowed to the military pressure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Yielding . :Defiance :wnsense "defiance1n", "rebelliousness1n" ; :wordnet "defiance", "rebelliousness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'defiance' in WordNet: 1. (3) defiance, rebelliousness - (intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChallengingaPerson, :Disobedience, :Intractability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contemptuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contempt ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Defiant :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :ResistingaPolicy ; :wnsense "defiant1adj", "noncompliant1adj" ; :wordnet "defiant", "noncompliant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'defiant' in WordNet: 1. (2) defiant, noncompliant - (boldly resisting authority or an opposing force; 'brought up to be aggressive and defiant'; 'a defiant attitude') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resistant . :DeficiencyDisease :wnsense "deficiency disease1n" ; :wordnet "deficiency disease" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deficiency disease' in WordNet: 1. deficiency disease - (any disease caused by a lack of an essential nutrient (as a vitamin or mineral)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease . :Deficient :wnsense "deficient1adj", "lacking2adj", "wanting2adj" ; :wordnet "deficient", "lacking", "wanting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deficient'' is a sbtype of ''Lacking'' for things that do not have ('lack') something desirable. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deficient' in Wordnet: 1. (1) deficient, lacking, wanting - (inadequate in amount or degree; 'a deficient education'; 'deficient in common sense'; 'lacking in stamina'; 'tested and found wanting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lacking, :Undesirable . :Deficit :ldoce "lack" ; :wnsense "deficiency2n", "deficit1n", "inadequacy1n", "insufficiency3n", "shortage1n", "shortfall1n" ; :wordnet "deficiency", "deficit", "inadequacy", "insufficiency", "shortage", "shortfall" ; a :AttributeValueType, :DifferenceType, :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deficiency'' is the **quantitative measure** of some 'shortage' of material (objects or substances) that are needed for some task or desired ''GoalSituation''. This is represented by referencing the two quantities: ''AvailableQuantity'' and ''DesiredQuantity'', and the actual quantitative shortfall can be calculated as the difference between those two quantities. NOTE: the ''Deficit'' specifies the desired and available amounts of money, but this type does not itself specify the numerical difference between those numbers. @ToDo: this type should have a relation specifing the numerical difference, where that is relevant. See ''NumericalDifference'' NOTE: the situation of lacking a needed resource is a ''LackingSomething'' and the complete absence of a resource is a ''Lack''. NOTE: there may be a ''Deficiency'' in more than one quantity in a given situation, and each of those ''Deficiency''s needs to be represented as a different instance of this type so that the units of ''AvailableQuantity' and ''DesiredQuantity'' are the same in each of the elements pointed to by the relations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deficiency' and noun sense 1 of 'deficit' in WordNet: 2. (2) insufficiency, inadequacy, deficiency - (lack of an adequate quantity or number; 'the inadequacy of unemployment benefits') WN noun 'deficit': 1. (1) deficit, shortage, shortfall - (the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required; 'new blood vessels bud out from the already dilated vascular bed to make up the nutritional deficit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AvailableQuantity ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DesiredQuantity ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insufficient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Defined :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DefiningaWord ; :wnsense "defined1adj" ; :wordnet "defined" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Defined'' is the attribute of a word or mlti-word term used in some Text. Corresponds to *part* (for explanatory definitions, not for tasks) of adjective sense 1 of 'defined' in Wordnet: 1. (4) defined - (clearly characterized or delimited; 'lost in a maze of words both defined and undefined'; 'each child has clearly defined duties') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Written . :Defining :en "defining" ; :enadj "defining" ; :isAnAttributeOf :Action, :TimeInterval ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Defining'' is an attribute characterizing some TimePoint or Event that is important in determining some subsequent Event(s). 'defining moment'; ''a defining turn of events'. No WN sense for this concept. RHW 'defining' adj.: decisive; critically important: Taking a course in architecture was a defining turn in her life. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Important . :DefiningaWord :wnsense "define1v" ; :wordnet "define" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DefiningaWord'' is a ''DescribingSomething'' in which the thing described is a Word or Phrase, and the description is the *meaning* of the word or phrase. This can be a translation, but the thing translated should be a single word or common phrase,not a full text or even a sentence.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'define' in WordNet: 1. (28) define - (give a definition for the meaning of a word; 'Define 'sadness'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DescribingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Meaning ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Definition ] . :DefiniteDescription a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DefiniteDescription is a phrase that refers to some entity by a specification if its properties, such as 'That man in the red hat' or 'The Hunchback of Notre dame'. Such descriptions can be highly context-dependent, and may change with time or location. The time dependence makes it convenient to classify the referent for such descriptions as Roles. At this point (iteration 265) it is not certain that every DefiniteDescription will reference a Role, so there is no necessary restriction applied to the referent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NounPhrase . :DefiniteDescriptionRole a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DefiniteDescriptionRole is a Role that is the meaning referent for a linguistic phrase that refers to some entity by a specification if its properties, such as 'That man in the red hat'. Such descriptions can be highly context-dependent, and may change with time. The time dependence makes it convenient to classify this referent for such descriptions as Roles.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :DefiniteDescription ] . :Definitely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Certain ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Definitely'' is an adverb of manner with essentially the same meaning as the instance of Adverb ''certainly''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Definition :wnsense "definition1n" ; :wordnet "definition" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A definition is a 'LinguisticDescription' of a Type that specifies any necessary and/or sufficient conditions for an entity to be classified as an instance of that Type. The Topic described may be a word, short phrase, or even an unlabelled concept. A Definition does not have to be complete in the sense of being a set of necessary and sufficient conditions, but should include at least one condition, whether that is necessary or sufficient. A Definition may also include methods to identify an entity as an instance of a Type. A definition that includes only a sufficient condition (e.g. that being an instance of a subclass is sufficient to be an instance of a class) may have no content allowing one to distinguish it from other individual entities or types. A Definition may be expressed in a logical language, or in ordinary human language. Includes sense 1 of 'definition' in WordNet, but also includes logical symbolic definitions: in WordNet: 1. (13) definition - (a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticDescription, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Word :Phrase ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :DefiningaWord ] . :Definitive :wnsense "authoritative2adj", "classical2adj", "definitive2adj" ; :wordnet "authoritative", "classical", "definitive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'definitive' in WordNet: 2. authoritative, classical, definitive - (of recognized authority or excellence; 'the definitive work on Greece'; 'classical methods of navigation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excellent . :Deflated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DeflatingAction ; :wnsense "deflated1adj" ; :wordnet "deflated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'deflated' in Wordnet: 2. deflated - (collapsed through the release of gas or air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :DeflatingAction :eng "deflating" ; :wnsense "deflate1v", "deflate2v" ; :wordnet "deflate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeflatingAction'' is an action in which some inflated Container Object loses some of the fluid that inflates it, usually reducing the pressure inside. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'deflate' in WordNet: 1. deflate - (collapse by releasing contained air or gas; 'deflate a balloon') 2. deflate - (release contained air or gas from; 'deflate the air mattress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpandingInVolume, :Inserting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volume ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deflated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InflatableContainer ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InflatingAction ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Deflation :wnsense "deflation1n" ; :wordnet "deflation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Deflation' is an 'Inflation' that has a negative percentage rate. This differs somewhat from the WordNet meaning, which seems to require a reduction in economic activity. For small temporary periods of deflation there is no necessary correlation. This 'Deflation' can be caused by reduction in production costs - increases in productivity. Thisis closer to RHW sense: 'Econ. a fall in the general price level or a contraction of credit and available money (opposed to inflation). Cf. disinflation.' Corresponds only in part to noun sense 1 of 'deflation' in WordNet: 2. deflation - (a contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflation . :DeflectingSomething :wnsense "bend5v", "deflect2v", "turn away2v" ; :wordnet "bend", "deflect", "turn away" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeflectingSomething'' is An Event in which a ''Path-Spatial'' of something moving is changed by the action (which can be a static presence) of some Physicalobject or Force - i.e. the direction of movement of a ''MovingThing'' (object, wave) is changed. This is broad, and can be used for reflecting light, echoing radar waves, echoing sounds, or guiding a light beam through an optical fiber, as well as changing the direction of moving objects,such as bouncing a ball, derailing a train, hitting a baseball or tennis ball, changing motion with a magnetic or electrical or gravitational field. Changes ''VelocityVector''?? ''DirectionMeasure''? Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'deflect' in WordNet (turn from a straight course): in Wordnet: 2. deflect, bend, turn away - (turn from a straight course , fixed direction, or line of interest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaShapeChange, :ChangingDirectionOfMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Path-Spatial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirectionMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :MovingThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChangingDirectionOfMotion ] . :DeflectingaWave a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeflectingaWave'' is An Event in which a ''Path-Spatial'' of a ''WavePropagationEvent''(e.g. light, radio waves, sound) is changed. This is broad, and can be used for reflecting light, echoing radar waves, echoing sounds, or guiding a light beam through an optical fiber. Change ''VelocityVector''?? ''DirectionMeasure''? Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'deflect' in WordNet (turn from a straight course): in Wordnet: 2. deflect, bend, turn away - (turn from a straight course , fixed direction, or line of interest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeflectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Path-Spatial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirectionMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :MovingThing ] . :Deforestation :guid "be39ce77-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deforestation2n", "disforestation1n" ; :wordnet "deforestation", "disforestation" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deforestation'' is a ''RemovingSomething'' where the thing(s) removed are ''Tree''s. This can be accomplished by cutting and hauling away Trees, or by burning them down, or by some disease or environmental condition that causes the Trees to die off. The restriction requires the removal of at least 20 Trees, but there are usually many more than that removed or destroyed. CYC: The collection of all events of a forested #$GeographicalRegion being made less so. Involves destruction of habitat and removal of trees. Corresponds approximately but is mores pecific than to noun sense 2 of 'deforestation'; this type is not for just removing trees in any location, it is for the reduction in size of some ''Forest''. in WordNet: 2. deforestation, disforestation - (the removal of trees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalDestructionEvent, :RemovingSomething, :ShrinkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forest ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:minCardinality "20"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :Deformable :en "deformable" ; :guid "e96ee736-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :DeformingSomething ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Deforming ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Things which are #$Deformable will give way to some degree when force is applied. They may or may not spring back to shape after the pressure is released. No sense in Wordnet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solid . :Deformed :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DeformingSomething ; :wnsense "deformed1adj", "distorted2adj", "ill-shapen1adj", "malformed1adj", "misshapen1adj" ; :wordnet "deformed", "distorted", "ill-shapen", "malformed", "misshapen" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deformed'' is the attribute of an Object whose shape has been changed by ''Deforming''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deformed' in WordNet: 1. (1) deformed, distorted, ill-shapen, malformed, misshapen - (so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly; 'deformed thalidomide babies'; 'his poor distorted limbs'; 'an ill-shapen vase'; 'a limp caused by a malformed foot'; 'misshapen old fingers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Deforming :en "deforming" ; :wnsense "deform4v", "deform6v", "distort3v", "distort5v" ; :wordnet "deform", "distort" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all 'Event''s in which the some object changes shape without the object losing or gaining material. This represents the intransitive senses of 'deform'. Includes verb senses 4 and 6 of 'deform' in Wordnet: 4. deform - (become misshapen; 'The sidewalk deformed during the earthquake') 6. change shape, change form, deform - (assume a different shape or form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeChange . :DeformingSomething :en "deforming" ; :guid "bfed7a51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "contort1v", "deform1v", "deform2v", "deform3v", "deform5v", "distort3v", "distort5v", "strain9v", "wring1v" ; :wordnet "contort", "deform", "distort", "strain", "wring" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all 'Event''s in which the some object changes shape without the object losing or gaining material, as a result of the Action of some other Agent. This transitive senses of 'deform'. CYC 'ShapeChangeWithoutLosingMaterial': The collection of all events in which the shape of an object changes without the object losing or gaining material. This includes natural shape-change events (like coils loosening or tree branches swaying in the wind), animals moving parts of their bodies, and objects being intensionally deformed by outside agents (for which, see #$ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial). Includes all 6 verb senses of 'deform' in Wordnet: 1. deform - (make formless; 'the heat deformed the plastic sculpture') 2. contort, deform, distort, wring - (twist and press out of shape) 3. flex, bend, deform, twist, turn - (cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form; 'bend the rod'; 'twist the dough into a braid'; 'the strong man could turn an iron bar') 5. deform, distort, strain - (alter the shape of (something) by stress; 'His body was deformed by leprosy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeChange . :Defrauding :eng "defrauding" ; :ldoce "deceit", "deceive" ; :wnsense "bunco1v", "cheat1v", "cheat4n", "chisel2v", "con1v", "cozen1v", "cozen3v", "cozenage1n", "deceive1v", "defraud1v", "delude1v", "gip1v", "gyp1v", "hornswoggle1v", "lead on2v", "mulct1v", "nobble1v", "rip off1v", "rook1v", "scam1n", "scam1v", "swindle1n", "swindle1v", "victimize3v" ; :wordnet "bunco", "cheat", "chisel", "con", "cozen", "cozenage", "deceive", "defraud", "delude", "gip", "gyp", "hornswoggle", "lead on", "mulct", "nobble", "rip off", "rook", "scam", "swindle", "victimize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Defrauding'' is a ''Deceiving'' in which one agent obtains something valuable - usually money - by causing the victim to believe something false. The false assertion can be about almost anything that would cause a person to give money or other valuables. This can be done over the internet. Some subtypes of ''Defrauding'' could be broken out, such as shirt-changing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defraud' in WordNet: 1. (2) victimize, swindle, rook, goldbrick, nobble, diddle, bunco, defraud, scam, mulct, gyp, gip, hornswoggle, short-change, con - (deprive of by deceit; 'He swindled me out of my inheritance'; 'She defrauded the customers who trusted her'; 'the cashier gypped me when he gave me too little change') WN Includes sense 1 of 'deceive' and sense 1 of 'cheat' in WordNet: WN verb Deceive: 1. (5) deceive, lead on, delude, cozen - (be false to; be dishonest with) WN verb 'cozen': 3. cozen - (cheat or trick; 'He cozened the money out of the old man') WN verb 'cheat': 1. (2) cheat, rip off, chisel - (deprive somebody of something by deceit; 'The con-man beat me out of $50'; 'This salesman ripped us off!'; 'we were cheated by their clever-sounding scheme'; 'They chiseled me out of my money') WN noun 'swindle': 1. swindle, cheat, rig - (the act of swindling by some fraudulent scheme; 'that book is a fraud') WN noun 'scam': 1. scam, cozenage - (a fraudulent business scheme) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deceiving, :MakingaGain, :VictimizingAnAgent . :Defrosting :eng "defrosting" ; :wnsense "de-ice1adj", "defrost1v", "deice1v" ; :wordnet "de-ice", "defrost", "deice" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specifically for the melting of ''Frost'', a form of Ice. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defrost' in WordNet: 1. (1) defrost, deice, de-ice - (make or become free of frost or ice; 'Defrost the car window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thawing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frost ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Degeneration :wnsense "degenerate1v", "degeneration1n" ; :wordnet "degenerate", "degeneration" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Degeneration' is a 'DecreaseEvent' in which some desirable quality in some Object becomes less desirable (i.e. worse). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'degeneration' and verb sense 1 of 'degenerate' in WordNet: 1. (1) degeneration, devolution -(the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality) WN verb 'degenerate': 1. devolve, deteriorate, drop, degenerate - (grow worse; 'Her condition deteriorated'; 'Conditions in the slums degenerated'; 'The discussion devolved into a shouting match') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, :WorseningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValue ] . :Degrading :eng "degrading" ; :wnsense "cheapen1v", "debasement1n", "degradation1n", "degrade3v" ; :wordnet "cheapen", "debasement", "degradation", "degrade" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Degrading'' is a ''DeteriorationEvent'' that reduces the value of something,usually an ArtifactObject. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'degrade' in WordNet: 3. degrade, cheapen - (lower the grade of something; reduce its worth) WN noun 'degradation': 1. (1) degradation, debasement - (changing to a lower state (a less respected state)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeteriorationEvent, :LosingFunctionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Value ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution :guid "be70f357-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO (PostSecondarySchool) The class of Schools that offer an associate's degree or a bachelor's degree. Cyc: #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution is a specialization of #$HigherEducationInstitution. Each instance of #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution is a higher education institution that grants degrees. For those that do not grant degrees, such as colleges of universities, e.g. Trinity College, Cambridge, see specs of #$NonDegreeGrantingInstitution.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HigherEducationInstitution, :School . :DegreeOfIntensity :ldoce "degree", "level" ; :takesValue :Intensity, :IntensiveAttributeValue ; :wnsense "degree1n", "level1n", "level2n" ; :wordnet "degree", "level" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DegreeOfIntensity' is an AttributeType whose values express some 'IntensiveAttributeValue'. This is a broad class of attributes, including those whose intensity varies gradually, as well as those for which discrete level have been identified. The sense of 'degree' meaning 'stage of development' is expressed by 'StageOfDevelopment'. The sense meaning 'grade', or level of quality is the subtype 'LevelOfQuality' Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'level' and sense 1 of 'degree' in WordNet: 1. (467) degree, grade, level - (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; 'a moderate grade of intelligence'; 'a high level of care is required'; 'it is all a matter of degree') 2. (169) grade, level, tier - (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; 'lumber of the highest grade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :DegreeOfOrder :takesValue :Ordered ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DegreeOfOrder' is an AttributeType pertaining to groups of things. The values of this AttributeType specify the kind of ordering, if any, that a Group has.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupAttribute . :DegreeOfTolerance a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DegreeOfTolerance' is a BehavioralDisposition of a Person that expresses to what extent a Person will 'tolerate' (not object to or not strongly object to) the behavior of others. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BehavioralDisposition . :Dehumidifier :en "dehumidifier" ; :guid "c0bd9442-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ElectricalDevice that takes moisture out of the Air in some enclosed space. RHW: an appliance for removing moisture from the air, as for lowering the humidity in a storage room. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :ElectricalDevice, :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dehumidifying ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Dehumidifying :en "dehumidifying" ; :wnsense "dehumidify1n" ; :wordnet "dehumidify" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dehumidifying'' is the Action of reducing the ''RelativeHumidity'' (in effect, the percentage of water in the air or some other fluid) of the air in some enclosed space. This is a ''PurposefulAction'' by some Person(s) using a ''Dehumidifier'' or a ''DehumidifyingPacket'' of some kind. The ''Dehumidifying'' using an ElectricalDevice and that using a ''DehumidifyingPacket'' an be differentiated by using this type as parent type without the ''mayUseInstrument'' restriction, and then adding the appropriate restriction to the subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dehumidify' in WordNet: 1. dehumidify - (make less humid; \"The air conditioner dehumidifies the air in the summer\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drying, :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainedAir ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dehumidifier ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DehumidifyingPacket ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelativeHumidity ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :DehumidifyingPacket a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DehumidifyingPacket'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that contains a ''Desiccant'' capable of absorbing water, usually employed to dehumidify ''ContainedAir'' (as in a bottle of ''DrugProduct'' or other package), but possibly used for removing water from nonaqueous liquids. This can be a freely manipulable object, or a part of a system that passes a fluid through the ''DehumidifyingPacket'', which could be a tube. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsorbentObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absorbent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dehumidifying ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Dehydration :guid "c0fd64af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dehydration2n" ; :wordnet "dehydration" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''AilmentCondition'' of ''Dehydration''. Is accompanied by ''Thirst''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dehydration' in WordNet: 2. dehydration - (depletion of bodily fluids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugAbuse ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thirst ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Dejected :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Dejection ; :wnsense "dejected1adj" ; :wordnet "dejected" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dejected' in Wordnet: 1. (1) dejected - (affected or marked by low spirits; 'is dejected but trying to look cheerful') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Dejection :wnsense "dejection1n" ; :wordnet "dejection" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dejection' in WordNet: 1. (2) dejection - (a state of melancholy depression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depression-Feeling . :DelawareRiver :flowsInto :AtlanticOcean ; :guid "bd58d874-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "river of the heavily industrialized NE U.S." . :Delaying :en "delaying" ; :ldoce "delay" ; :wnsense "delay2v" ; :wordnet "delay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of Delaying is a PersistentState in which some 'IntentionalAgent' refrains from doing something that s/he is planning to do or expected to do by someone else. The planned/expected action may never be done; the Delaying ceases when the plan changes or the expectation ceases, or the agent decides that s/he will never do that action. This differs from 'Waiting' in that a 'Delaying' may not need a anticipated Event to trigger the resumption of activity, whereas 'Waiting' does require some triggering Event. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'delay' in Wordnet: 2. (6) delay - (act later than planned, scheduled, or required; 'Don't delay your application to graduate school or else it won't be considered') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulInaction . :DelayingAnAgent :guid "c065f519-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "delay" ; :wnsense "delay1v" ; :wordnet "delay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an action that causes a delay in some other Agent's action. For delaying oneself (putting something off), use 'Delaying'. Note that natural phenomena such as bad weather can serve as the active Agent of this Action. Instances are actions which one agent takes to hinder another agent's progress towards completing some other action. See also #$delayUntilTime. This corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'delay' in WordNet, but the examples seem to mix in part of sense 2. in WordNet: 1. (8) delay, detain, hold up - (cause to be slowed down or delayed; Traffic was delayed by the bad weather'; 'she delayed the work that she didn't want to perform') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interfering . :Delegate :wnsense "delegate1n" ; :wordnet "delegate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Delegate'' is a 'Representative' who acts on behalf of and for the benefit of some GoupOfPeople or Organization. This can have various subtypes, such as a deegate to a convention or a delegate to the United Nations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'delegate' in WordNet: 1. (1) delegate - (a person appointed or elected to represent others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Representative, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepresentingaGroup ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssigningAgentToRole ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :DelegatingAthority :en "delegating", "delegating authority" ; :wnsense "delegate1v", "depute1v" ; :wordnet "delegate", "depute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''DelegatingAthority'' is a ''AssigningaResponsibility'' in which some authority as a representative of a Group or Organization (i.e. as a ''Delegate'') is transferred to a Person. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'delegate' in WordNet: 1. delegate, depute - (transfer power to someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningaResponsibility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Delegate ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Delegation :wnsense "commission5n", "delegation1n", "deputation1n", "mission5n" ; :wordnet "commission", "delegation", "deputation", "mission" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Delegation'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a Delegate appointed or elected to represent a GroupOfPeople or an Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'delegation' in WordNet: 1. (1) deputation, commission, delegation, delegacy, mission - (a group of representatives or delegates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Delegate ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssigningAgentToRole ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :DeletingSomething :wnsense "cancel4v", "delete1v", "delete2v", "delete3v" ; :wordnet "cancel", "delete" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeletingSomething'' is a ''RemovingSomething'' where the thing removed is also destroyed (at least within some context, though it may be restored from some backup). This is the most general meaning, It applies mostly to abstract Objects, but may be used metaphorically. ('Carthago delenda est') Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'delete' in WordNet: 1. delete, cancel - (remove or make invisible; 'Please delete my name from your list') 2. erase, delete - (wipe out magnetically recorded information) 3. edit, blue-pencil, delete - (cut or eliminate; 'she edited the juiciest scenes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Event :EventType ) ] ] . :DeletingText :en "deleting text" ; :enn "deleting text" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeletingText'' is an Action in which some part of a ''AbstractText'' is removed (and possibly replaced) for any reason, as in editing or proofreading or ''Censoring'' (a subtype ) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeletingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractText ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :DelewareWaterGap a :Gap-Topographical . :DeliSlice-MeatCut :guid "c1008a8c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any quantity of any kind of sliced meat especially those typically found at a 'Deli counter' in a food store, or served at a 'Deli restaurant'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food-ReadyToEat, :FoodPortion . :Deliberately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Intentional ; :wnsense "deliberately1adv", "intentionally1adv" ; :wordnet "deliberately", "intentionally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deliberately'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action that the the agent of the Action intended to perform that Action, i.e. it was not accidental or an unintentional side-effect of some other Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deliberately' in WordNet: 1. (12) intentionally, deliberately, designedly, on purpose, purposely, advisedly, by choice, by design - (with intention; in an intentional manner; 'he used that word intentionally'; 'I did this by choice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Delicate :isTheOppositeOf :Tough ; :ldoce "delicate" ; :wnsense "delicate1adj", "delicate3adj", "fragile1adj", "frail3adj" ; :wordnet "delicate", "fragile", "frail" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Delicate' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is easily broken, or (such as an animal) susceptible to injury. This does not include metaphoric usage that suggests slim or finely rendered figures. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'delicate', sense 1 of 'fragile' and sense 3 of 'frail' in WordNet. However, sense 1 of 'delicate' seems to include part of this sense, and does not seem distinct in meaning from sense 3. in WordNet: 1. (6) delicate - (exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury; 'a delicate violin passage'; 'delicate china'; 'a delicate flavor'; 'the delicate wing of a butterfly') 3. (3) delicate, fragile, frail - (easily broken or damaged or destroyed; 'a kite too delicate to fly safely'; 'fragile porcelain plates'; 'fragile old bones'; 'a frail craft') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Delicately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Delicate ; :wnsense "delicately1adv", "exquisitely1adv", "fine1adv", "finely3adv" ; :wordnet "delicately", "exquisitely", "fine", "finely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'delicately' in Wordnet: 1. (1) finely, fine, delicately, exquisitely - (in a delicate manner; 'finely shaped features'; 'her fine drawn body') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Delicatessen :guid "bd5883bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deli1n", "delicatessen2n", "food shop1n" ; :wordnet "deli", "delicatessen", "food shop" ; a :OrganizationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'delicatessen' in WordNet: 2. delicatessen, deli, food shop - (a shop selling ready-to-eat food products) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailStore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakeOutFoodObject ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :Delicious :isMoreIntenseThan :Tasty ; :wnsense "delicious2adj" ; :wordnet "delicious" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Delicious' is a more intensive level of 'Tasty'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'delicious' in WordNet: 2. delectable, delicious, luscious, pleasant-tasting, scrumptious, toothsome, yummy - (extremely pleasing to the sense of taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tasty . :Delight :isanIntensiveFormOf :Enjoyment, :Happiness, :Pleasure ; :ldoce "delight" ; :wnsense "delectation1n", "delight1n" ; :wordnet "delectation", "delight" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An intensive form of ''Pleasure''. This is an EmotionalState, being an intensive form of both Happiness and Enjoyment, but is less intense than Joy, and usually more temporary; Delight is Enjoyment to the level of producing 'Happiness' (at least temporarily). NOTE that Delight and 'Enjoyment' are DirectedFeelings, whereas Happiness is not necessarily directed at any particular cause. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'delight' in WordNet: 1. (9) delight, delectation - (a feeling of extreme pleasure or satisfaction; 'his delight to see her was obvious to all') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionalState, :Enjoyment, :Happiness, :Pleasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Delightful ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute ] . :Delighted :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Delight ; :isTheOppositeOf :Sad ; :wnsense "delighted1adj" ; :wordnet "delighted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Delight. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'delighted' in WordNet: 1. (3) delighted - (greatly pleased) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Happy . :Delightful :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Delight ; :wnsense "delightful1adj" ; :wordnet "delightful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Delightful'' is an intensive subtype of ''Pleasant'', causing not only pleasure but the more intensive 'delight'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'delightful' in Wordnet: 1. (11) delightful, delicious - (greatly pleasing or entertaining; 'a delightful surprise'; 'the comedy was delightful'; 'a delicious joke') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pleasant . :DelightingSomeone :ldoce "delight" ; :wnsense "delight1v" ; :wordnet "delight" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some person becomes Delighted (experiences Delight). This is not necessarily an act of a Person, it can be something as intangible as the view from a height. To instantiate this type requires that the person(s) Delighted be specified. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'delight' in WordNet: 1. (5) please, delight - (give pleasure to or be pleasing to; 'These colors please the senses'; 'a pleasing sensation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Delight ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DelineatingSomething :wnsense "delineate3v", "delineate5v", "limn1v", "outline3v" ; :wordnet "delineate", "limn", "outline" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DelineatingSomething'' is a ''DescribingSpecifics'' that creates a 'picture' of something, whether in graphical form or in words. Includes verb senses 3 and 5 of 'delineate' in WordNet: 5. delineate - (describe in vivid detail) 3. delineate, limn, outline - (trace the shape of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DescribingSpecifics . :Delivering :en "delivering" ; :ldoce "deliver" ; :wnsense "deliver2n", "delivery1n" ; :wordnet "deliver", "delivery" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Delivering is a Bringing of an Object in which the Agent who is Bringing completes the Delivering event by transfering possession of the Object to another Agent. This delivering includes the Bringing from the source all the way to the final detination and the transfer of possession at the end. The ChangeOfPossession does not require that the receiving agent be on hand; a Delivering to a residence, leaving an Object on the doorstep or in a mailbox, is still a Delivering. This does not imply, as the WN gloss suggests, 'delivering' information, unless that information is on some physical object that is delivered. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'deliver' and noun sense 1 of 'delivery' in WordNet: 2. (15) deliver - (bring to a destination, make a delivery; 'our local super market delivers') WN noun 'delivery': 1. (3) delivery, bringing - (the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail); 'his reluctant delivery of bad news') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bringing, :ChangeOfPossession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Cargo :PhysicalObject :Person :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :DeliveringIce a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeliveringIce'' is the act of ''Delivering'' some quantity of ''Ice'' to some location or Agent. This is the action performed by an ''Iceman'' and perhaps other Agents. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delivering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ] . :DeliveringMail a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeliveringMail'' is the act of ''Delivering'' official ''Mail'' to some location or Agent. This is the action performed by a ''Mailman'' and perhaps other Agents. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delivering, :TransportationServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mail ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ] . :DeliveringMilk a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeliveringMilk'' is the act of ''Delivering'' some quantity of 'Milk'' to some location or Agent. This is the action performed by a ''Milkman'' and perhaps other Agents. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delivering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milk ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ] . :DeliveringNewspapers a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeliveringNewspapers'' is the act of ''Delivering'' newspapers to a subscriber's home or other location, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delivering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewspaperCopy ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ] . :DeliveryPerson :wnsense "deliveryman1n" ; :wordnet "deliveryman" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeliveryPerson'' is a ''Person'' (male or female) who is employed (or self-employed) to deliver objects to locations (people, homes, busniesses). This is the primary category even though the ''DeliveryPerson'' drives a vehicle in order to perform that task. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deliveryman' in Wordnet: 1. deliveryman, delivery boy, deliverer - (someone employed to make deliveries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :Employee, :ServicePosition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Delivering ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Deluge :en "overwhelming amount", "overwhelming number" ; :wnsense "deluge1n", "flood2n", "inundation2n", "torrent3n" ; :wordnet "deluge", "flood", "inundation", "torrent" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Deluge'' is ''LargeQuantity'' of items that are *received* by a Person, sufficient that they are difficult to treat properly or as desired. It is inconvenient and usually unpleasant or annoying (unless they are congratulations or praises or fan letters). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deluge' in WordNet: 1. (1) flood, inundation, deluge, torrent - (an overwhelming number or amount; 'a flood of requests'; 'a torrent of abuse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LargeQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inconvenient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Delusion :wnsense "delusion1n", "psychotic belief1n" ; :wordnet "delusion", "psychotic belief" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Delusion'' is a ''HavingAnOpinion'' (a ''MentalState'') in which the 'opinion' is irrational, not based on observable or provable facts, but on intuitive mental processes that can cause beliefs without meaningful factual basis. The mental process that produces such beliefs can be varied, and when the subjects of such beliefs, when pressed to explain them, can point to meaningless things that are not at all probatory. A ''Delusion'' can be recognized as such when strong evidence to the contrary is presented and the person holding the delusion refuses to accept it, dismissing it as lies or 'fake news'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'delusion' in WordNet: 1. delusion, psychotic belief - ((psychology) an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomething, :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Irrational ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erroneous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DelvingIntoaTopic :en "delve", "delving", "delving into a topic", "investigate deeply" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DelvingIntoaTopic'' is a type of Research (of any kind, laboratory, field, or library) that explores a topic at a level more detailed than just a surface survey. This usually refers to library style research or study. RHW 'delve': 1. to carry on intensive and thorough research for data, information, or the like; investigate: to delve into the issue of prison reform. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Research . :Demanding :isAnAttributeValueOf :LinguisticAssertion, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :SelfConfidence ; :isTheOppositeOf :Lenient, :Unexacting ; :wnsense "demanding1adj", "exacting2adj", "stern3adj", "strict5adj" ; :wordnet "demanding", "exacting", "stern", "strict" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Demanding'' is a subtype of ''Assertive'' characterizing both a Person who demands high performance levels (e.g. from students or employees or subordinates), or of the statements made by such people that convey their demands. Opposite of ''Lenient''. ??Use also for standards and rules?? 'rigid'? Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'demanding' (of the person or statement, not of the situation) and sense 5 of 'strict' in WordNet: 1. (4) demanding - (requiring more than usually expected or thought due; especially great patience and effort and skill; 'found the job very demanding'; 'a baby can be so demanding') WN adj 'strict': 5. stern, strict, exacting - (severe and unremitting in making demands; 'an exacting instructor'; 'a stern disciplinarian'; 'strict standards') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertive . :Dementia :guid "be7468c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dementedness1n", "dementia1n" ; :wordnet "dementedness", "dementia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A mental disease resulting in impaired memory and abstract thinking. This type also includes continued deterioration as a subEvent. RHW: severe impairment or loss of intellectual capacity and personality integration, due to the loss of or damage to neurons in the brain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dementia' in WordNet: 1. dementia, dementedness - (mental deterioration of organic or functional origin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :ChronicCondition, :MentalIllness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorseningEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbilityToRemember ; owl:onProperty :isaLowLevelOf ] . :DemilitarizingaPlace :wnsense "demilitarise2v", "demilitarize2v", "disarm1n" ; :wordnet "demilitarise", "demilitarize", "disarm" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DemilitarizingaPlace'' is to remove weapons from some location, and forbid adding them back. This may create a 'demilitarized zone'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'demilitarize' in WordNet: 2. disarm, demilitarize, demilitarise - (remove offensive capability from) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weapon ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Place ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ] . :Demitasse :guid "7f666c38-4231-41d8-895f-9e84a169a577" ; :wnsense "demitasse2n" ; :wordnet "demitasse" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CoffeeCup. Each instance of #$Demitasse is a small coffee cup designed for serving espresso. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'demitasse' in WordNet: 2. demitasse - (small coffee cup; for serving black coffee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoffeeCup . :Democracy :ldoce "republic" ; :wnsense "democracy2n", "republic1n", "republic2n" ; :wordnet "democracy", "republic" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Democracy' is a 'FormOfGovernment' in which the citizens elect representatives to conduct the business of Government. In ancient Greece, the people ruled directly in public assemblies, but that form is rare or nonexistent now. The older meaning of democracy as being direct rule by people in an assembly is not represented in Wordnet, as not relevant to most countries. It could be added as 'DriectDemocracy' if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'democracy' and includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'republic' in WordNet: 2. (3) democracy, republic, commonwealth - (a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them) WN 'republic' 1. (7) democracy, republic, commonwealth -- (a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them) 2. republic - (a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch; 'the head of state in a republic is usually a president') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormOfGovernment . :Democrat :guid "c088bd2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Democrat1n" ; :wordnet "Democrat" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Democrat'' is a ''Member'' of the ''DemocraticParty'' only in a broad sense - one can identify as a ''Democrat'' without actually voting in a primary election or being a formal member of an organiation affiliated with a political party - closer just to being a supporter or advocate of the party or routinely voting for its candidates. CYC: The collection of all members of the Democratic party. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Democrat' in WordNet: 1. (4) Democrat - (a member of the Democratic Party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :Member, :PartyInRole, :Person, :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DemocraticParty ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Democratic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Democracy ; :pertainsTo :Democracy ; :wnsense "democratic1adj" ; :wordnet "democratic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Democratic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Democracy'' and democratic principles. This is usually written with a small 'd', to distinguish it from 'Democratic' referring to the ''DemocraticParty''. There are degrees of being ''Democratic'', so this is not a precisely defined attribute. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'democratic' in WordNet: 1. (13) democratic - (characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; 'democratic government'; 'a democratic country'; 'a democratic scorn for bloated dukes and lords'- George du Maurier) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Democratic-OfTheParty :pertainsTo :DemocraticParty ; :wnsense "democratic2adj" ; :wordnet "Democratic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Democratic-OfTheParty'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''DemocraticParty''. This is usually written with a capital 'D', to distinguish it from 'democratic' referring to ''Democracy''' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'democratic' in WordNet: 2. (8) democratic - (belong to or relating to the Democratic Party; 'Democratic senator') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DemocraticParty a :OrganizationType, :PoliticalPartyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: One of the two major political parties in the UnitedStates. The DemocraticParty represents liberal values. NOTE: The party is a Type rather than individual because each local branch is an instance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Democratic Party' in WordNet: 1. Democratic Party - (the older of two major political parties in the United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalParty . :Democratization :wnsense "democratisation1n", "democratization1n" ; :wordnet "democratisation", "democratization" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Democratization'' is a ''SocialOccurrence'' in which some the government of some country becomes more ''Democratic''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'democratization' in WordNet: 1. democratization, democratisation - (the action of making something democratic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Country ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Democratic ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Demographer :guid "acb94ee0-2f43-41d8-8916-87717375c3ff" ; :wnsense "demographer1n", "demographist1n", "population scientist1n" ; :wordnet "demographer", "demographist", "population scientist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Demographer'' is a ''Sociologist'' who is an expert in ''Demography''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'demographer' in WordNet: 1. demographer, demographist, population scientist - (a scientist who studies the growth and density of populations and their vital statistics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :Sociologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Demography ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Demographic :pertainsTo :Demography ; :wnsense "demographic1adj" ; :wordnet "demographic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Demographic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Demography'' and the types of statistical measures that are of concern to demographers. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'demographic' in Wordnet: 1. demographic - (of or relating to demography; 'demographic surveys') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Demographics :en "demographics" ; :enn "demographics" ; :wnsense "demographic1n" ; :wordnet "demographic" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Demographics''statistics may include information about race, education, language, national origin, and other characteristics of people. This type is a Group including one or more such ''Statistic''s. NOTE: in this usage, ''Statistic'' can refer to one or more than one number (''Datum''). The singular and plural may be better represented separately. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'demographic' in WordNet: 1. demographic - (a statistic characterizing human populations (or segments of human populations broken down by age or sex or income etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Statistic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Demography ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Statistic ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Demography :wnsense "demography1n", "human ecology1n" ; :wordnet "demography", "human ecology" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Demography'' is a branch of ''Sociology'' that studies statistically measurable characteristics of larger human populations, such as the fraction of some identifiable subgroup within a larger population such as that of a country or state. ''Demography'' includes both gathering and interpreting statistical information about identifiable ''GroupOfpeople''s.. RHW 'demography': the science of vital and social statistics, as of the births, deaths, diseases, marriages, etc., of populations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'demography' in WordNet: 1. demography, human ecology - (the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sociology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanPopulation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Demographics ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :DemolishingAnArtifact :wnsense "demolish1v", "pulverise1v", "pulverize2v" ; :wordnet "demolish", "pulverise", "pulverize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DemolishingAnArtifact'' is an Action that completely destroys some ArtifactObject - most commonly used for demolishing structures. NOTE: WN has 3 senses of 'demolish' in which sense 3 includes 'defeating' an opponent, but for some reason that sense is included in the gloss of sense 1 also. This type is **not** for defeating an opponent soundly. NOTE also that the WN sense of 'pulverise' included does *not* mean to 'reduce to powder', it is just an alternative way to express total destruction. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'demolish' in WordNet: 1. (2) demolish, pulverize, pulverise - (destroy completely; 'the wrecking ball demolished the building'; 'demolish your enemies'; 'pulverize the rebellion before it gets out of hand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalDestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ] . :Demonstrating :en "demonstrating" ; :wnsense "demo1n", "demo1v", "demonstrate1v", "demonstration1n", "exhibit3v" ; :wordnet "demo", "demonstrate", "demonstration", "exhibit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Exhibiting something or a range of things (Objects or Actions) in a manner that is or becomes or can be noticeable to other People. This is a very general type that covers various subtypes. This would cover software demos, theatrical plays, lectures, dance and music recitals, museum exhibitions, and any action that demonstrates to others that a Person has a certain ''Quality' (subtype ''ExhibitingaQuality''). This is narrower than a Show, as it may involve mostly static displays. This includes demonstrating commercial products, as happens at meetings. For a 'presentation' where one presents information with visual aids (as at many conferences) use ''Presentation''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'demonstrate' and noun sense 5 of 'deonstrating' in Wordnet: 1. (25) show, demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate - (show or demonstrate something to an interested audience; 'She shows her dogs frequently'; 'We will demo the new software in Washington') WN noun 'demonstration': 5. demonstration, demo - (a visual presentation showing how something works; 'the lecture was accompanied by dramatic demonstrations'; 'the lecturer shot off a pistol as a demonstration of the startle response') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disseminating . :DemonstratingForaPolicy :wnsense "demonstrate4v", "march4v" ; :wordnet "demonstrate", "march" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DemonstratingForaPolicy'' is a ''Rally'' (an Assembly) that is also a ''ProtestingaPolicy'' occurring in public, and usually (but no necessarily) includes some movement of the Group, whether in a circle or along a path such as a street. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'demonstrate' in WordNet: 4. (1) demonstrate, march - (march in protest; take part in a demonstration; 'Thousands demonstrated against globalization during the meeting of the most powerful economic nations in Seattle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalEvent, :ProtestingaPolicy, :PublicAssembly, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Demonstrator ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Demonstrator :wnsense "demonstrator3n", "protester2n" ; :wordnet "demonstrator", "protester" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Demonstrator'' is a ''Person' who participates in a ''ProtestingaPolicy'' Assembly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'demonstrator' in WordNet: 3. demonstrator, protester - (someone who participates in a public display of group feeling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProtestingaPolicy ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :DemotingSomeone :wnsense "break32v", "bump4v", "demote1v", "kick downstairs1v", "relegate2v" ; :wordnet "break", "bump", "demote", "kick downstairs", "relegate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''DemotingSomeone'' is an ''AssigningaResponsibility'' in which the Person assigned is required to take a position of lesser responsibilty and often of lower pay. This is usually considered a bad thing for the Person demoted, in itself and as a portent for the future of the Person demoted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'demote' in WordNet: 1. (1) demote, bump, relegate, break, kick downstairs - (assign to a lower position; reduce in rank; 'She was demoted because she always speaks up'; 'He was broken down to Sergeant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningaResponsibility, :BadThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embarrassing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReductionInStatus ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Den :wnsense "den1n", "lair1n" ; :wordnet "den", "lair" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for Natural objects in which an animal can sleep with some form of protection. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'den' in WordNet: 1. lair, den - (the habitation of wild animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Habitation, :ProtectiveObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protective ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Denali :isInsideOf :StateOfAlaska ; a :Mountain ; rdfs:comment """Called 'Mount McKinley' by European settlers, in 2019 officially renamed to 'Denali' which is the native Alaskan name. """ . :Denaturant :wnsense "denaturant1n" ; :wordnet "denaturant" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Denaturant' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that causes denaturation of some biological substance (e.g. protein or DNA). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'denaturant' in WordNet: 1. denaturant - (any substance that serves as a denaturing agent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole . :Dendrite :guid "be221db2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dendrite1n" ; :wordnet "dendrite" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Dendrite'' is one type of ''NerveFiber''; another is a ''Axon''. CYC: The collection of all dendrites (or 'dendrons'), which are branching fibers of a #$Neuron which transmit signals towards the cell body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dendrite' in WordNet: 1. dendrite - (short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NerveFiber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Denim :wnsense "denim2n" ; :wordnet "denim" ; a :CanvasType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Substance ''Denim'' a heavy fabric. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'denim' in WordNet: 2. denim, denim fabric, dungaree, jean - (a coarse durable twill-weave cotton fabric) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, :OrganicSubstance, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cotton ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foldable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Denmark :wnsense "Denmark1n" ; :wordnet "Denmark" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Denmark' in WordNet: 1. (4) Denmark, Kingdom of Denmark, Danmark - (a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea) """ . :Denominator :wnsense "denominator1n" ; :wordnet "denominator" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Denominator'' is the part of a ''Ratio'' (considered as a fraction) that divides the Numerator; e.g. 'thirds' is the denominator in 'two thirds', and in that case it divides 'Two' to get 0.6666666... Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'denominator' in WordNet: 1. denominator - (the divisor of a fraction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Divisor . :Denotation :wnsense "denotation2n", "extension7n", "reference6n" ; :wordnet "denotation", "extension", "reference" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Denotation'' is the ''IntendedMeaning'' of some ''Communication'' that is explicit and easily understood from the meanings of the words of the ''Communication''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'denotation' in WordNet: 2. reference, denotation, extension - (the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to; 'the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntendedMeaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Explicit ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DenotingSomething :wnsense "denote1v", "refer6v" ; :wordnet "denote", "refer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DenotingSomething'' is an ''Action'' performed by some ''Sign'', Abstract or Physical, that serves as an 'meaning' of another thing. This can refer to linguistic or non-linguistic ''Signs''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'denote' in WordNet: 2. (8) denote, refer - (have as a meaning; \" 'multi-' denotes 'many' \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingAnEquivalent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntendedMeaning ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalObject ] . :Denouement :wnsense "denouement1n" ; :wordnet "denouement" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'denouement' in WordNet: 1. (1) denouement - (the outcome of a complex sequence of events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outcome, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventSeries ] . :Denouncing :ldoce "attack" ; :wnsense "attack2v", "denounce1v", "denunciation1n" ; :wordnet "attack", "denounce", "denunciation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Denouncing' is a Communication in which one IntelligentAgent strongly asserts that there are major faults in another's behavior or ideas. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'denounce' in WordNet: 1. (10) denounce - (speak out against; 'He denounced the Nazis') WN noun 'denunciation': 1. (3) denunciation, denouncement - (a public act of denouncing) WN verb 'attack': 2. (9) attack, round, assail, lash out, snipe, assault - (attack in speech or writing; 'The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker') WN noun 'attack': 3. (141) fire, attack, flak, flack, blast - (intense adverse criticism; 'Clinton directed his fire at the Republican Party'; 'the government has come under attack'; 'don't give me any flak') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criticizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Criticism ] . :Dense :isAnAttributeValueOf :ObjectGroup ; :isTheOppositeOf :Sparse ; :wnsense "compact2adj", "dense2adj", "thick2adj" ; :wordnet "compact", "dense", "thick" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dense'' is an attribute that specifies that something has a larger than usual density, i.e. things are spaced closer apart than some reference.. This is *not* for quantitative substance density in e.g. gams per ml. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dense' in WordNet: 2. (2) compact, dense, thick - (having component parts closely crowded together; 'a compact shopping center'; 'a dense population'; 'thick crowds'; 'a thick forest'; 'thick hair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Densely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Dense ; :isTheOppositeOf :Thinly ; :wnsense "densely1adv", "thickly2adv" ; :wordnet "densely", "thickly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'densely' in Wordnet: 2. densely, thickly - (in a concentrated manner; 'old houses are often so densely packed that perhaps three or four have to be demolished for every new one built'; 'a thickly populated area') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Density :takesValue :DensityMeasure ; :wnsense "density1n" ; :wordnet "density" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type 'Density' interprets the WN synset as a generalization of different quantitative measures: (1) ''MassDensity'' for PhysicalObjects or PhysicalSubstances , being the ratio of mass to volume that can characterize either a ''PhysicalObject'' or a ''PhysicalSubstance''. (2) ''NumericalDensity'' which is a measure of the number of objects existing within some suface area or some volume. See those subtypes for more detail. hasDensityInGramsPerCC hasDensityMeasure DensityMeasure NumericalDensity NumericalDensityMeasure NumericalDensityUnit MassDensity MassDensityMeasure MassDensityUnit Corresponds approximately to part noun sense 1 of 'density' in WordNet; 1. (24) density, denseness - (the amount per unit size) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Size . :DensityMeasure :wnsense "density1n" ; :wordnet "density" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of ConstantQuantities indicating a quantity of density (dimensionally equivalent to either mass divided by volume, or some number per VOlume or area or location); it is an OrderedPair consisting of a quantifier and an instance of DensityUnit. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'density' in WordNet; the 'amount' in this case is a mass and the 'size' is a volume: in WordNet: 1. (24) density, denseness - (the amount per unit size) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :DensityUnit a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses density, which is a ratio of mass divided by volume, such as 'GramsPerMilliliter'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :Dent :wnsense "dent3n", "ding2n", "gouge1n", "nick1n" ; :wordnet "dent", "ding", "gouge", "nick" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Dent'' is a 'Blemish' that is a ''DepressionOnObject'' in the surface of some ArtifactObject that was produced by a ''Blow'' (impact) by a SolidObject. This commonly occurs in low-speed auto collisions, and in general is seen on the surface of objects that have an outer covering of some ''SheetMetal''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'dent' in WordNet: 3. dent, ding, gouge, nick - (an impression in a surface (as made by a blow)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blemish, :DepressionOnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blow ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Dental :pertainsTo :DentalCareEvent, :Tooth ; :wnsense "dental1adj", "dental2adj" ; :wordnet "dental" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dental'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to teeth and medical care of teeth (''DentalCareEvent''). Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'dental' in Wordnet: 1. (3) dental - (of or relating to the teeth; 'dental floss') 2. dental - (of or relating to dentistry; 'dental student') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DentalAppliance :wnsense "dental appliance1n" ; :wordnet "dental appliance" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DentalAppliance'' is a ''Device'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dental appliance' in WordNet: 1. dental appliance - (a device to repair teeth or replace missing teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dentist ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dentistry ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :DentalCareEvent :guid "bd58b4e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dental care1n" ; :wordnet "dental care" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which dental care is administered. This includes personal teeth cleaning. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'dental care' in WordNet: 1. dental care - (care for the teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareEvent . :DentalFloss :guid "bd58b8c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dental floss1n", "floss2n" ; :wordnet "dental floss", "floss" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type represents pieces DentalFloss, which are PhysicalObjects. It is a piece of String which may also be waxed. Cyc does not distinguish between Objectgs and substances, so this type in Cyc was also a substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dental floss' in WordNet: 1. dental floss, floss - (a soft thread for cleaning the spaces between the teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisposableProduct, :MedicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfString ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Dentist :guid "bd58df82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dentist1n" ; :wordnet "dentist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MedicalCareProfessional. Each instance of #$Dentist is a medical care professional who has been trained to diagnose and treat diseases of, and injuries to, the gums and teeth. SUMO: The Profession of being a dentist, i.e. diagnosing and treating problems related to the teeth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dentist' in Wordnet: 1. (3) dentist, tooth doctor, dental practitioner - (a person qualified to practice dentistry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Graduate, :Prescriber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dentistry ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Dentistry :wnsense "dental medicine1n", "dentistry1n", "odontology1n" ; :wordnet "dental medicine", "dentistry", "odontology" ; a :OccupationType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Dentistry'' is a branch of Medicine that deals with diseases of the teeth,as well as cosmetic procedures to improve tooth appearance and function. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dentistry' in WordNet: 1. dentistry, dental medicine, odontology - (the branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy and development and diseases of the teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dentist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :DentistsDrill :wnsense "burr drill1n", "dentist's drill1n" ; :wordnet "burr drill", "dentist's drill" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''DentistsDrill'' is for the whole tool used for drilling holes in teeth; the replaceable 'drill bit' portion would be represented by a different type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dentist's drill' in WordNet: 1. dentist's drill, burr drill - (a high speed drill that dentists use to cut into teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillingaTooth ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Denying :wnsense "denial2n", "deny1v", "deny6v", "disaffirmation1n" ; :wordnet "denial", "deny", "disaffirmation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Denying'' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s)replies to a prior assertion by another agent by asserting that the prior assertion is false. Includes verb senses 1 and 6 of 'deny and noun sense 2 of 'denial' in Wordnet: 1. (24) deny - (declare untrue; contradict; 'He denied the allegations'; 'She denied that she had taken money') 6. traverse, deny - (deny formally (an allegation of fact by the opposing party) in a legal suit) WN noun 'denial': 2. (3) denial, disaffirmation - (the act of asserting that something alleged is not true) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answering, :AssertingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :RequestingOrProposing ] . :DenyingBlame a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Denying'' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s)replies to a prior ''Blaming'' assertion by another agent by asserting that the prior assertion is false, i..e that the responding agent is not to blame for the Event in question. A 'pleading innocent' would be an instance of this type of Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Denying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Innocent ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Blaming ] . :Deodorant :guid "bd58f975-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deodorant1n", "deodourant1n" ; :wordnet "deodorant", "deodourant" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deodorant' in WordNet: 1. deodorant, deodourant - (a toiletry applied to the skin in order to mask unpleasant odors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToiletrySubstance, :TopicalSkinApplication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deodorizing ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ] . :Deodorizing :wnsense "deodorise1v", "deodorize1v", "deodourise1v" ; :wordnet "deodorise", "deodorize", "deodourise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deodorizing'' is the Action of reducing the level or intensity of an ''Odor''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'deodorize' in WordNet: 1. deodorize, deodorise, deodourise - (eliminate the odor from; 'This stick will deodorize your armpits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deodorant ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Odor ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :DeoxyRiboNucleotideUnit a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeoxyRiboNucleotideUnit''is a ''NucleotideUnit'' in which the sugar component is deoxyribose (rather than ribose, as in RNA). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NucleotideUnit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DNA ] . :Department :guid "bd588d1e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "department" ; :wnsense "department1n", "section11n" ; :wordnet "department", "section" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection #$Department is a subset of #$Organization. An element of #$Department is a major sub-organization of a business, government, or academic organization. An element of #$Department is part of the organization to which it belongs, NOT a separate legal entity (such as a partly or wholly owned subsidiary company), and it performs some of the activity of that organization. In Cyc, the collection #$Department includes generically what may be called a division, department, office, bureau, ministry, etc., within an actual organization. Common types of departments include those represented by the subsets #$LegalDepartment, #$SecurityDepartment, #$PayrollDepartment, #$AccountingDepartment, #$HumanResourcesDepartment, #$AcademicDepartment, and CustomerServiceDepartment (and many others). Coresponds to sense 1 of 'department' in WordNet: 1. (28) department, section - (a specialized division of a large organization; 'you'll find it in the hardware department'; 'she got a job in the historical section of the Treasury') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suborganization . :DepartmentOfAgriculture :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "." . :DepartmentOfCommerce :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "." . :DepartmentOfDefense :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wnsense "Defense Department1n", "Defense10n", "Department of Defense1n", "DoD1n", "United States Department of Defense1n" ; :wordnet "Defense", "Defense Department", "Department of Defense", "DoD", "United States Department of Defense" ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Department of Defense' in WordNet: 1. (6) Department of Defense, Defense Department, United States Department of Defense, Defense, DoD - (the federal department responsible for safeguarding national security of the United States; created in 1947) """ . :DepartmentOfEducation :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "." . :DepartmentOfEnergy :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "." . :DepartmentOfHealthAndHumanServices :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "HHS." . :DepartmentOfHomelandSecurity :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "." . :DepartmentOfHousingAndUrbanDevelopment :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "HUD." . :DepartmentOfJustice :wnsense "Department of Justice1n", "DoJ1n", "Justice Department1n", "Justice4n" ; :wordnet "Department of Justice", "DoJ", "Justice", "Justice Department" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of the federal or state or provincial departments in any jurisdiction responsible for enforcing laws by investigating crimes and bringing indictments and maintaining a court system and trying those accused. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Department of Justice' in WordNet: 1. (1) Department of Justice, Justice Department, Justice, DoJ - (the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (including the enforcement of all civil rights legislation); created in 1870) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentDepartment, :JudicialSystem . :DepartmentOfJustice-USA :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wnsense "Department of Justice1n", "DoJ1n", "Justice Department1n", "Justice4n" ; :wordnet "Department of Justice", "DoJ", "Justice", "Justice Department" ; a :DepartmentOfJustice, :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment """. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'department of justice' in WordNet: 1. (1) Department of Justice, Justice Department, Justice, DoJ - (the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (including the enforcement of all civil rights legislation); created in 1870) """ . :DepartmentOfLabor :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "." . :DepartmentOfState :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government . :DepartmentOfTheInterior :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "DOI." . :DepartmentOfTheTreasury :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "." . :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government :wnsense "department of the federal government1n", "federal department1n", "federal office1n" ; :wordnet "department of the federal government", "federal department", "federal office" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DepartmentOfTheUS_Government is a specialization of 'LegalGovernmentalOrganization'. Each instance of DepartmentOfTheUS_Government is either a cabinet department such as the Department of Agriculture, or one of the high-level Agencies such as the Interstate Commerce Commission. Cabinet departments themselves would be a subclass of this Type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'federal department' in WordNet: 1. (1) federal department, federal office, department of the federal government - (a department of the federal government of the United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentDepartment, :LegalGovernmentOrganization, :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnitedStatesInhabitants ; owl:onProperty :hasAuthorityOver ] . :DepartmentOfTransportation :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "." . :DepartmentOfVeteransAffairs :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wasCreatedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government ; rdfs:comment "." . :DepartmentType :guid "5abdb454-2261-41d7-9d4f-cef204e2a73b" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """his is for any type of SubOrganization called a 'department'. Can be differentiated if necessary. CYC ('DepartmentTypeByFunction'): A collection of collections and a specialization of #$OrganizationType. Each instance of #$DepartmentTypeByFunction is a collection of #$Departments (q.v.) whose instances are distinguished by the fact that they perform a certain function for an organization (e.g. #$BudgetDepartment and #$ShippingAndReceivingDepartment). See also #$DepartmentTypeByOrganization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationType . :Departmental :pertainsTo :Department ; :wnsense "departmental1adj" ; :wordnet "departmental" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Departmental'' describes things - actions or attributes - that are characteristic of a ''Department'' - a subdivision of an Organization - as contrasted with the whole Organization. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'departmental' in Wordnet: 1. (1) departmental - (of or relating to a department; 'departmental policy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Dependent :isTheOppositeOf :Independent ; :ldoce "dependent" ; :wnsense "dependent1adj", "dependent3adj", "dependent5adj", "subject3adj" ; :wordnet "dependent", "subject" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Dependent' is broad concept specifying an attribute of objects that in some sense require something else for some purpose or merely to exist. This includes financial dependence, logical, grammatical, geopolitical, but excludes the sense of 'hanging' which is represented by 'HangsFromSomething'. The only implication for this attribute is that the Object with the attribute stands in some relation such as 'requiresResource' or ''feedsOn'' to another entity: NOTE: this is an attribute of dependent things, not the thing itself that is dependent. Includes to adjective senses 1, 3, and 5 of 'dependent' in WordNet: 1. (8) dependent - (not independent; 'dependent children') 3. dependent, subordinate - ((of a clause) unable to stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence; 'a subordinate (or dependent) clause functions as a noun or adjective or adverb within a sentence') 5. subject, dependent - (being under the power or sovereignty of another or others; 'subject peoples'; 'a dependent prince') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DependentContinuant :BFO "DependentContinuant" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DependentContinuant'' is a specific BFO type that includes Attributes, Roles and Functions as subtypes. BFO: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Continuant . :DependentLifeForm a :OrganismType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DependentLifeForm'' is a ''LifeForm'' that feeds on or is nourished by another LifeForm, typically causing some harm, though it may be minimal and may not kill the host organism. This type is used as a type more generic than ''Parasite'' which, according to most conventions, is restricted to cellular organisms. This type has ''Virus'' as well as ''Parasite'' as a subtype. This also includes commensals, that ''feedsOn'' but are not harmful to other organisms. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeForm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrganismType ] . :Depending :en "be contingent on", "depending" ; :ldoce "depend" ; :wnsense "depend on1v", "depend upon1v", "depend1v", "hinge on1v", "hinge upon1v", "turn on2v" ; :wordnet "depend", "depend on", "depend upon", "hinge on", "hinge upon", "turn on" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Depending' is a BeingRelated (a PersistentState) in which one or more entities have a relation to another entity such that the first entity cannot occur (if an Event) or do something (if an object) unless the second entity exists or has certain attributes. This is very general, and includes an Event that depends on another Event (not usually used for physical causality: the 'cause' relations are used for physical causality). NOTE: Financial dependence (depend on sene 2) is represented by the subtype ''RelyingOn''. This corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'depend' and both senses of 'depend on' in WordNet: 1. (10) depend - (be contingent upon (something that is elided); 'That depends') 1. (46) depend on, devolve on, depend upon, ride, turn on, hinge on, hinge upon - (be contingent on; 'The outcomes rides on the results of the election'; 'Your grade will depend on your homework') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingRelated . :DepictedObject a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DepictedObject' is an Object that is depicted in some AbstractImage. NOTE that this may be but is not necessarily a PhysicalObject, because the AbstractImage may be completely synthetic, and the Object may not in fact exist in the material world, but may be purely imaginary. The portion of the area of the (two-dimensional) image that is occupied by the DepictedObject is specified (if known) by the relation 'occupiesAreaFraction' and will have a value in the range 0 to 1. NOTE that in order for some instance of entity to be a 'DepticedObject' there must be some AbstractImage in which that entity is depicted, and the restriction requires that that image must be specified. Thus to say that there is a picture of a person, one adds the type 'DepictedObject' to the type for that Person, and adds the relation specifying in what image that person's image may be found. @ToDo: other properties of a DepictedImage may be desirable at some point """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDepictedByImagePart ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractImageComponent ] . :Depicting :wnsense "depict1v", "picture2v", "render9v", "show5v" ; :wordnet "depict", "picture", "render", "show" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes *all* forms of creating a 'manually' rendered image by any method other than capturing an image (by any process using electromagnetic radiation), whether in an electronic medium or on paper. For creating a rendering on a surface by hand,use the subtype ''Drawing-Depicting''. This is a generic type that includes creating images on a computer, or modifying computerized images, but excludes capturing images by camera, electron microscope, or other mechanical means without a way for the creator to directly modify the image while it is being created.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'depict' in WordNet: 1. (7) picture, depict, render, show - (show in, or as in, a picture; 'This scene depicts country life'; 'the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rendering, :VisualArtActivity . :DepictingInWords :wnsense "depict2v", "describe1v", "draw8v", "portray1v" ; :wordnet "depict", "describe", "draw", "portray" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DepictingInWords'' is ''DescribingSomething'' using words that creates a mental picture of the thing described in the mind of the listener. See ''Drawing-Depicting'' for depicting by creating a physical visual image. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'depict' and part of sense 1 of 'describe' and part of sense 1 of 'portray' (when a visual image is evoked) in WordNet: 2. (6) describe, depict, draw - (give a description of; 'He drew an elaborate plan of attack') representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental') WN verb 'portray': 1. (9) portray - (portray in words; 'The book portrays the actor as a selfish person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DescribingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VerbalImage ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Depleted :isAnAttributeValueOf :Supply ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Depletion ; :wnsense "depleted2adj" ; :wordnet "depleted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Depleted'' is an AttributeValue of some supply that was partly or almost completely '' used up by some ''Depletion'' Event. For having completely used up a resource,use subtype ''UsedUp''. Corresponds to adjective senseand 2 of 'depleted' in Wordnet: 2. depleted, low - (no longer sufficient; 'supplies are low'; 'our funds are depleted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Consumed . :Depletion :en "eat into" ; :env "eat into" ; :wnsense "consume5v", "eat up2v", "eat4v" ; :wordnet "consume", "eat", "eat up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Depletion'' is a 'Reduction' in the number or Quantity of some ObjectGroup or Substance that was located in some specified location(s) - a ''Supply'' of something - caused by some 'ConsumingSomething'' Event. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 partial or full depeletion) of 'deplete' in WordNet: 1. consume, eat up, use up, eat, deplete, exhaust, run through, wipe out - (use up (resources or materials); 'this car consumes a lot of gas'; 'We exhausted our savings'; 'They run through 20 bottles of wine a week') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumingSomething, :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Depleted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Deploying :en "deploy", "deploying something", "deployment" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Deploying'' is a generic type of ''Motion'' that is an action in which some agent moves or arranges some ''PhysicalObject'' into a position where it can be used as intended, or in the manner it was designed for. The subtypes will be more explicit. This includes as subtypes military deployment of troops or weapons, but also includes deployment of artifacts for use in Actions. RHW 'deploy': 4. to come into a position ready for use: the plane can't land unless the landing gear deploys. No WN general sense - in WN only the sense of arranging objects is given; see ''DeployingResources''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :DeployingResources :causes :ReadinessForUse ; :wnsense "deploy1v", "deploy2v" ; :wordnet "deploy" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeployingResources'' is a ''LocatingInIntendedPosition'' wher the things 'positioned' are a GroupofObjects (including People or other animals) so that they are in the proper location(s) to perform some desired function. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'deploy' in WordNet: 1. (2) deploy - (place troops or weapons in battle formation) 2. deploy - (to distribute systematically or strategically; 'The U.S. deploys its weapons in the Middle East') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deploying, :LocatingInIntendedPosition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReadinessForUse ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingReadyForUse ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DeployingaParachute :en "deploy a parachute", "deploying a parachute", "open a parachute", "opening a parachute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeployingaParachute'' is the Action in which a Person falling from a high altitude causes a folded packaged ''Parachute'' strapped to that person to be released so that it will open up and reduce the velocity of the fall, usually allowing that Person to land without injury. The packaged parachute usually has a ''Ripcord'' that can be pulled to cause this Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deploying, :OpeningSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parachute ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FallingPerson ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReducingTheTerminalVelocity ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Deportee :wnsense "deportee1n" ; :wordnet "deportee" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Deportee'' is a Person who has been the object of a ''Deporting'' action. If that Person is a Citizen of the Country that deports him/her, that Person is an ''Exile'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'deportee' in WordNet: 1. (2) exile, deportee - (expelled from home or country by authority) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creator, :EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProducingaShow ] . :Deporting :wnsense "deport3v", "deportation2n" ; :wordnet "deport", "deportation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExilingSomeone'' is an ''ExpellingaPerson'' from some ''GeopoliticalEntity'' and ordering that Person not to return, for some interval of time, often permanently. This Action creates an ''Exile''. The place one is exiled from is pointed to by the relation ''hasStartingPlace''. NOTE: this differs from the usage of the same synset in the subtype ''ExilingSomeone'' in that the object of a ''Deportng'' does not have to be a Citizen of the country from which s/he is deported. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'deport' in WordNet: 3. expatriate, deport, exile - (expel from a country; 'The poet was exiled because he signed a letter protesting the government's actions') WN noun 'deportation': 2. deportation - (the expulsion from a country of an undesirable alien) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpellingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deportee ; owl:onProperty :patientAssumesRole ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeopoliticalEntity :LocationType ) ] ] . :Deposing :wnsense "depone1v", "depose2v", "swear4v" ; :wordnet "depone", "depose", "swear" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the set of assertions (Actions) that a Person makes under oath during a ''Deposition'' process. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'depose' in WordNet: 2. swear, depose, depone - (make a deposition; declare under oath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingAnOath, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deposition ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :DepositingMoney :wnsense "bankv", "deposit2v" ; :wordnet "bank", "deposit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DepositingMoney'' is the transfer of a MoneyObject to some ''Account''. This is an 'Action' and the primary agent is the one making the payment, not the one receiving the payment. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'deposit' in WordNet: 2. (2) deposit, bank - (put into a bank account; 'She deposits her paycheck every month') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :MoneyTransaction, :MoneyTransfer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyDeposit ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinancialAccount ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyDeposit ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AccountBalance ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :Deposition :wnsense "deposition2n" ; :wordnet "deposition" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'deposition' in WordNet: 2. deposition - ((law) a pretrial interrogation of a witness; usually conducted in a lawyer's office) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interrogating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deposing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Deprecated :en "deprecated" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ExpressingDisapproval ; :isTheOppositeOf :CurrentlyOperative, :Recommended ; :wnsense "disapproved1adj", "disused1adj" ; :wordnet "disapproved", "disused" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deprecated'' is a broad ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that contrasts with ''CurrentlyOperative''and like that attribute, is applied to actions or procedures or assumptions, but has the opposite force of asserting that the actions are *not* considered appropriate or optimal, and have been superseded by ''CurrentlyOperative'' actions or beliefs. disapprove, rejec It does not apply to the validity of document (for that sense use ''Valid'' and its opposite ''Invalid'' or ''Expired''). Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'disapproved' and part of sense 1 of 'disused' in WordNet: 1. disapproved - (not approved; 'the disapproved tax proposal') WN adj (part) 'disused': 1. disused, obsolete - (no longer in use; 'obsolete words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DeprecatedAction :en "bad choice", "deprecated action", "deprecated alternative", "poor choice" ; :enn "bad choice", "deprecated action", "deprecated alternative", "poor choice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeprecatedAction'' is an 'AlternativeAction' that an Agent might perform, which was recommended against by another Agent. In the opinion of the recommending agent this would be a 'poor choice'. Instances of this type of Action may point to the ''RecommendingAgainstSomething'' Action that make this a ''Deprecated'' action, but that reference is not required. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlternativeAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RecommendingAgainstSomething ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deprecated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Depressant :guid "bd6617f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c0fd5849-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "depressant1n", "downer1n", "sedative drug1n", "sedative1n" ; :wordnet "depressant", "downer", "sedative", "sedative drug" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which diminish a body's ability to perform its functions or activities. CYC 'Sedative' (distingguished from 'depressant' in CYC): Drugs which are used to treat anxiety and insomnia. In higher doses, these are often used as sleeping pills. SUMO: Any BiologicallyActiveSubstance which has the effect of depressing the central nervous system, i.e. decreasing function or activity in the Brain or SpinalCord. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'depressant' in Wordnet: 1. sedative, sedative drug, depressant, downer - ( a drug that reduces excitability and calms a person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance . :Depressed :wnsense "blue3adj", "depressed3adj", "dispirited2adj", "down in the mouth1adj", "down9adj", "downcast9adj", "downhearted1adj", "low-spirited1adj", "low10adj" ; :wordnet "blue", "depressed", "dispirited", "down", "down in the mouth", "downcast", "downhearted", "low", "low-spirited" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Depressed'' is the attribute of someone experiencing 'depression' (not yet represented). This can be mild or severe, temporary or long-term, and is not necessarily a condition warranting medical intervention Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'depressed' in WordNet: 3. blue, depressed, dispirited, down, downcast, downhearted, down in the mouth, low, low-spirited - (low in spirits; 'lonely and blue in a strange city'; 'depressed by the loss of his job'; 'a dispirited and resigned expression on her face'; 'downcast after his defeat'; 'feeling discouraged and downhearted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unhappy . :Depressing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Depression-Feeling ; :wnsense "blue8adj", "dark5adj", "depressing1adj", "dingy3adj", "disconsolate2adj", "dismal1adj", "dispiriting2adj", "drab4adj", "drear1adj", "dreary1adj", "gloomy2adj", "grim4adj", "sorry4adj" ; :wordnet "blue", "dark", "depressing", "dingy", "disconsolate", "dismal", "dispiriting", "drab", "drear", "dreary", "gloomy", "grim", "sorry" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Depressing'' is the attribute of something causing ''Depression-Feeling'. (add 'Dejection'??) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'depressing' in Wordnet: 1. (3) blue, dark, depressing, dingy, disconsolate, dismal , dispiriting, gloomy, grim, sorry, drab, drear, dreary - (causing dejection; 'a blue day'; 'the dark days of the war'; 'a week of rainy depressing weather'; 'a disconsolate winter landscape'; 'the first dismal dispiriting days of November'; 'a dark gloomy day'; 'grim rainy weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DepressingSomeone :wnsense "cast down1v", "deject1v", "demoralise2v", "demoralize2v", "depress1v", "dismay1v", "dispirit1v", "get down5v" ; :wordnet "cast down", "deject", "demoralise", "demoralize", "depress", "dismay", "dispirit", "get down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'depress' in WordNet: 1. (3) depress, deject, cast down, get down, dismay, dispirit, demoralize, demoralise - (lower someone's spirits; make downhearted; 'These news depressed her'; 'The bad state of her child's health demoralizes her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscouragingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Depression-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :DepressingaDevicePart :wnsense "depress4v", "press down1v" ; :wordnet "depress", "press down" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DepressingaDevicePart'' is an Action by an ''IntelligentAgent'' to cause some part of a device (a typewriter key, a lever)) to move downward. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'depress' in WordNet: 4. press down, depress - (press down; 'Depress the space key') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :DirectedTranslation, :ForceTransmissionEvent, :Lowering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:KeyboardKey :PianoKey :ControlLever :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Downward ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ] . :DepressingaValue :en "depressing a value" ; :enn "depressing a value" ; :wnsense "depress1v", "depress2v", "depress3v" ; :wordnet "depress" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DepressingaValue'' is an Action that causes the value of some measurable Attribute to decrease. This can be caused by an intentional action of an agent, or by some Event that has the ''DepressingaValue'' as an effect. This is a broad sense that includes several types of values as direct objects. Includes noun senses 2, 3, ND 5 of 'depress' in WordNet: 2. (1) depress - (lower (prices or markets); 'The glut of oil depressed gas prices') 3. lower, depress - (cause to drop or sink; 'The lack of rain had depressed the water level in the reservoir') 5. depress - (lessen the activity or force of; 'The rising inflation depressed the economy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LoweringaValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MeasurableQuantity ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :Depression-Feeling :guid "bd58c152-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "depression4n" ; :wordnet "depression" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An emotion marked by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, feelings of dejection and hopelessness; unhappiness, discouraged and without vigor. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'depression' in WordNet: 4. (1) depression - (sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dissatisfaction, :MentalDistress . :DepressionOnObject :wnsense "depression8n" ; :wordnet "depression" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DepressionOnObject'' is a Concavity on the surface of some human-scale object (not geographical) which may be natural or man-made, and can be as small as a hole punched by a nail, or as large as a house wall or large truck. This is broader than sense 8 of WN 'depression', as it may be made not only by pressing, but by impact, gouging, scraping, scratching. etc. Includes noun sense 8 of 'depression' in Wordnet: 8. depression, impression, imprint - (a concavity in a surface produced by pressing; 'he left the impression of his fingers in the soft mud') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concavity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HumanScaleObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :DepressivePerson :wnsense "depressive1n" ; :wordnet "depressive" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DepressivePerson'' is a Person suffering from ''ClinicalDepression''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'depressive' in WordNet: 1. depressive - (someone suffering psychological depression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SickPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClinicalDepression ; owl:onProperty :isTheSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClinicallyDepressed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Depressor :wnsense "depressor3n" ; :wordnet "depressor" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Common example is a tongue depressor: \" Say aaaah! \" Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'depressor' in WordNet: 3. depressor - (a device used by physician to press a part down or aside) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-OneTimeUse, :LongAndThinThing, :MedicalDevice, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingAPressure ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Deprivation :wnsense "deprive2v" ; :wordnet "deprive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """@ToDo: ???This should be the state Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'deprive' in WordNet: 2. (3) deprive - (keep from having, keeping, or obtaining) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :prevents ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HavingSomething :UsingSomething :Action :ActionType ) ] ] . :Deprived :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Depriving ; :wnsense "deprived1adj", "disadvantaged1adj" ; :wordnet "deprived", "disadvantaged" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deprived'' is a property of ''IntentionalAgent''s that experienced ''Depriving''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deprived' in Wordnet: 1. deprived, disadvantaged - (marked by deprivation especially of the necessities of life or healthful environmental influences; 'a childhood that was unhappy and deprived, the family living off charity'; 'boys from a deprived environment, wherein the family life revealed a pattern of neglect, moral degradation, and disregard for law') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Depriving :en "deprive" ; :wnsense "deprive2v" ; :wordnet "deprive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Depriving'' does not necessarily imply that an agent is *withholding* something that s/he *has* from some other agent, as is suggested by the WordNet hierarchy. This can be an action to (somehow) prevent and agent from obtaining something by its own actions. The thing withheld is specified by the the thing lacked in the 'LackingSomething' pointed to by the relation ''alwaysCauses'' . To allow preventing actions,the thing lacked can be an Action or an opportunity to perform an action. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'deprive' in WordNet: 2. (3) deprive - (keep from having, keeping, or obtaining) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :prevents ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HavingSomething :UsingSomething :Action :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LackingSomething ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deprived ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :DeprivingOfaRight :en "deprive of a right", "depriving a right" ; :eng "depriving of a right" ; :enn "depriving a right" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeprivingOfaRight'' is a ''Depriving'', whether by refusing to grant a ''Right'' (by an Authority) or by some action that has the effect of keeping a Person from doing something s/he wants to do and has a legal right to do. . This action prevents an agent from ''Performing'' a desired Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depriving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PurposefulAction ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GivingaRight ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingaRight ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Depth :ldoce "depth" ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "depth1adj" ; :wordnet "depth" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Depth' is one linear dimension of an Object, but it is somewhat ambiguous. It can refer to the surface-to-bottom distance in a liquid inside a container, or the front-to-back distance of an object such as a closet. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'depth' in the Random House Webster: 1. a dimension taken through an object or body of material, usually downward from an upper surface, horizontally inward from an outer surface, or from top to bottom of something regarded as one of several layers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'depth' in WordNet: 1. (32) depth - (extent downward or backward or inward; 'the depth of the water'; 'depth of a shelf'; 'depth of a closet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :Deputy :wnsense "deputy2n", "lieutenant3n" ; :wordnet "deputy", "lieutenant" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense2 of 'deputy' in WordNet, and has ''DeputySheriff'' as a subtype in WordNet: 2. (1) deputy, lieutenant - (an assistant with power to act when his superior is absent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Subordinate . :DeputyDirector :en "deputy director" ; :guid "5ba24921-0bb4-11d7-81fe-00b0d07c32fe" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """From WikiMedia: Deputy Director is a job title used in many organizations around the world, and is a deputy for a director. It may refer to: Deputy Director a general rank below director within Her Majesty's Civil Service, see Grading schemes. Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Also Deputy Director of the FBI, or CIA or large Non-profit organizations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deputy, :Executive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSupervisedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Director ] . :DeputySheriff :wnsense "deputy sheriff1n", "deputy1n" ; :wordnet "deputy", "deputy sheriff" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deputy sheriff' in WordNet: 1. (1) deputy, deputy sheriff - (someone authorized to exercise the powers of sheriff in emergencies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deputy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSupervisedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sheriff ] . :Derailing :en "jump the tracks", "jumping the tracks" ; :wnsense "derail2v", "jump9v" ; :wordnet "derail", "jump" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Derailing'' is a ''LeavingaPathOfTravel'' where the PathOfTravel is a ''Railway'' and the Object leaving it is a ''MovingTrain''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'derail' in WordNet: 2. derail, jump - (run off or leave the rails; 'the train derailed because a cow was standing on the tracks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeavingaPathOfTravel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingTrain ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Railway ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ] . :DerailingaTrain :wnsense "derail1v" ; :wordnet "derail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DerailingaTrain'' is a ''DeflectingSomething'' in which the 'something' deflected is a ''MovingTrain'' travelling on a ''Railway''. The ''DerailingaTrain'' can be intentional or accidental, caused by something on the ''Railway'', a broken rail, an unintentionally moved switch, or some agent deliberately causing the train to leave the tracks, as an act of sabotage or war, like the soldiers did in 'Lawrence of Arabia'. This is not necessarily a ''PurposefulAction'', though a subtype can be created to represent that - probably a subtype of 'sabotage' as well. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'derail' in WordNet: 1. derail - (cause to run off the tracks; 'they had planned to derail the trains that carried atomic waste') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeflectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Path-Spatial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Railway ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingTrain ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Derailing ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Deranged :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Derangement ; :wnsense "brainsick1adj", "crazed1adj", "crazy1adj", "demented1adj", "deranged1adj", "disturbed4adj", "half-crazed1adj", "mad1adj", "sick3adj", "unbalanced2adj", "unhinged1adj" ; :wordnet "brainsick", "crazed", "crazy", "demented", "deranged", "disturbed", "half-crazed", "mad", "sick", "unbalanced", "unhinged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deranged'' is the attribute of someone who has acquired ''Insanity'' from some experience. Thesee terms are hord to differentiate from thise used for the parent attribute ''insane''. Perhaps these should be merged. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'deranged' and sense 1 of 'demented' in Wordnet: 1. (2) crazed, deranged, half-crazed - (driven insane) WN adj 'demented': 1. brainsick, crazy, demented, distracted, disturbed, mad, sick, unbalanced, unhinged - (affected with madness or insanity; 'a man who had gone mad') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue, :Insane . :Derangement :wnsense "derangement1n", "mental unsoundness1n", "unbalance2n" ; :wordnet "derangement", "mental unsoundness", "unbalance" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Derangement' is a ''PsychologicalAilment'' caused by some experience (rather than an internal physiological process). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'derangement' in WordNet: 1. derangement, mental unsoundness, unbalance - (a state of mental disturbance and disorientation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychologicalAilment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lunatic ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Deregulation :guid "bdf14470-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deregulate1v", "deregulating1n", "deregulation1n" ; :wordnet "deregulate", "deregulating", "deregulation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deregulation'' is a ''RemovingaRestriction'' in which the restriction removed is a ''Regulation'' CYC: This is the collection of events in which some sector of an ecomony is deregulated . What exactly this means is vague since regulation is a matter of degree and proponents of deregulation never openly espouse a total absence of legal constraints. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deregulation' and verb sense 1 of 'deregulate' in WordNet: 1. deregulation, deregulating - (the act of freeing from regulation (especially from governmental regulations)) WN verb 'deregulate': 1. deregulate - (lift the regulations on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalProceeding, :RemovingaRestriction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Regulation ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :Derelict :wnsense "derelict1n" ; :wordnet "derelict" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Derelict'' is a ''Pauper'' who is unable to work enough to support him/herself. Such a Person may be ''Homeless'' unless taken in by a ''Benefactor''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'derelict' in WordNet: 1. derelict - (a person unable to support himself) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoorPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Homeless ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InabilityToWork ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Derivative :wnsense "derivative1n", "derived function1n", "differential coefficient1n", "differential1n", "first derivative1n" ; :wordnet "derivative", "derived function", "differential", "differential coefficient", "first derivative" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Derivative'' is the ratio of the change of one variable to the change of a second variable at some point on the curve representing of a differentiable function.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'derivative' in WordNet: 1. (1) derived function, derivative, differential coefficient, differential, first derivative - (the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ratio . :Dermatologist :guid "c0fdc044-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dermatologist1n", "skin doctor1n" ; :wordnet "dermatologist", "skin doctor" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dermatologist' in WordNet: 1. dermatologist, skin doctor - (a doctor who specializes in the physiology and pathology of the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dermatology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Dermatology :wnsense "dermatology1n" ; :wordnet "dermatology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dermatology' in WordNet: 1. dermatology - (the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its diseases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkinDisease ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dermatologist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Descendant :wnsense "descendant1n", "descendent1n" ; :wordnet "descendant", "descendent" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Descendant' is a Person who was a son or daughter of another Person, or was a ''Descendant'' of that son or daughter - this is a recursive definition and reflects the fact that the 'descendant' and converse 'ancestor' roles are transitive. @@ToDo: Those relations should be but are not yet reified in transitive ObjectProperties. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'descendant' in WordNet: 1. (1) descendant, descendent - (a person considered as descended from some ancestor or race) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kinsman . :Descending :en "descending" ; :ldoce "descend" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :AscendingEvent ; :wnsense "come down1v", "descend1v", "descent1n", "fall2v", "go down1v" ; :wordnet "come down", "descend", "descent", "fall", "go down" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Descending' is an Action in which some PhysicalObject (the 'agent' for reference in relations) (or at least its center of gravity, in a 'TopplingEvent') moves downward in a gravitational field, whether controlled under its own power, on a surface, in air or water, or being moved downward by some transport device, or merely falling under gravity. The subtypes will be more specific. The Descending Event terminates when the motion downward terminates. Since this event is a decrease in altitude (distance from the center of the Earth), it is a 'DecreaseEvent' as well as a 'MotionDownward'. This sense corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'descend' and verb sense 2 of 'fall' in WordNet, however, the WordNet synset includes metaphorical descending, such as of temeperature. In COSMO the 'dropping' of temeperature or prices is represented in a 'DecreaseEvent', the parent of this type. The inclusion of temeprature and barometer in the WordNet synset appears to be an error, since the parent is to 'travel'. WN 'descend (1); fall (2) in Wordnet: 1. (12) descend, fall, go down, come down - (move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way; 'The temperature is going down'; 'The barometer is falling'; 'The curtain fell on the diva'; 'Her hand went up and then fell again') WN noun 'descent' 1. (2) descent - (a movement downward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :DecreaseEvent, :MotionDownward, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RateOfDescent ; owl:onProperty :isMeasuredBy ] . :DescribingAnEvent :wnsense "account3v", "describe2v", "report1v" ; :wordnet "account", "describe", "report" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DescribingSomething' in which the thing described is a **past** event. The Agent doing the describing is not necessarily a direct witness to the Event described. Most closely corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'report' and sense 2 of 'describe' in WordNet: 1. (64) report, describe, account - (to give an account or representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DescribingSomething . :DescribingAnObject :en "describe", "describe an object" ; :guid "c06d287a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of actions in which an agent describes an object (the #$describedObject) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DescribingSomething . :DescribingSomething :ldoce "describe" ; :wnsense "describe1v", "describe2v", "description2n", "report1v" ; :wordnet "depict", "describe", "description", "report" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Informing act in which one agent provides information to another agent (text, possibly accompanied by pictures) that provides information to the second agent about some thing (object, event). The subtypes are categorized by the thing described: for describing past events, use 'DescribinganEvent'; for describing object, plans, hypothetical or future events, use 'DescribinganObject. For desribing things as the result of an investigation, use 'Reporting'. Includes verb sense 2 and part of sense 1 'describe' in WordNet (see also ''DepictingInWords'' for the other part of sense 1): in WordNet: 1. (79) describe, depict, draw - (give a description of; 'He drew an elaborate plan of attack') 2. (54) report, describe, account - (to give an account or representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental') WN noun 'description': 2. description - (the act of describing something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingDescribed ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticDescription ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :DescribingSpecifics :en "be specific", "being specific", "give details", "giving details", "particularizing", "provide details", "specify details", "specifying" ; :wnsense "particularise1v", "particularize1v", "specialise2v", "specialize2v", "specify4v" ; :wordnet "particularise", "particularize", "specialise", "specialize", "specify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DescribingSpecifics'' is a 'DescribingSomething' greater detail than a brief summary. This is to provide the audience with sufficient detail to get a good understanding of what is being described. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particularize' in WordNet: 1. specify, particularize, particularise, specialize, specialise - (be specific about; 'Could you please specify your criticism of my paper?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DescribingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Specified ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Description :wnsense "description3n" ; :wordnet "description" ; a :MentalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a representation of a technical concept from DOLCE that does not correspond to the usual sense of 'description'; see 'DescribingSomething' and 'LinguisticDescription'. description (from DOLCE-D_S) From DOLCE (Descriptions and Specifications): A description is a social object which represents a conceptualization (e.g. a mental object or state), hence it is generically dependent on some agent and communicable. Descriptions define or use concepts or figures, are expressed by an information object and can be satisfied by situations. The typology of descriptions is still preliminary. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'description' in WordNet: 3. description - (sort or variety; 'every description of book was there') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork, :MentalObject . :Descriptive :ldoce "descriptive" ; :wnsense "descriptive1adj" ; :wordnet "descriptive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of texts (abstract or physical) that allows the reader to learn enough detail of the topic to get some degree of understanding, perhaps enough to form a mental picture of the object or situation. Not obscure. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'descriptive' in WordNet: 1. (2) descriptive - (serving to describe or inform or characterized by description; 'the descriptive variable'; 'a descriptive passage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Desegregating :wnsense "desegregate1v", "desegregation1n", "integrate2v", "integrating1n", "integration1n" ; :wordnet "desegregate", "desegregation", "integrate", "integrating", "integration" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Desegregating'' is a ''Combining'' Action in which groups esecially Afrian-Americans and non-African-Americans) which have been forced by law or custom to remain separate (segregated) are permitted to live in the same areas and use the same public facilities, such as schools. ''Desegregating'' s a ''RemovingaRestriction'' in which the restriction removed is a ''Segregation'' rule.. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'integrate' in WordNet: 2. (2) desegregate, integrate, mix - (open (a place) to members of all races and ethnic groups; 'This school is completely desegregated') WN noun 'desegregation': 1. integration, integrating, desegregation - (the action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a community) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combining, :RemovingaRestriction . :Desensitizing :eng "desensitizing" ; :wnsense "desensitise1v", "desensitize1v" ; :wordnet "desensitise", "desensitize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Desensitizing'' is an Event in which some Object goes from being 'sensitive' (in any sense) to 'less sensitive' (or insensitive). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'desensitize' in WordNet: 1. desensitize, desensitise - (cause not to be sensitive; 'The war desensitized many soldiers'; 'The photographic plate was desensitized') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, :LoweringaValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sensitivity ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sensitivity ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :Desert :guid "bd58eb79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "desert" ; :wnsense "desert1n" ; :wordnet "desert" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Desert-like habitats: hot, dry, little rain. Scrublike flora. Sandy soil. Of course not indoors by default, not underwater. May have an ''Oasis'' in it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 (the only sense) of 'desert' in WordNet: 1. (4) desert - (arid land with little or no vegetation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rain ; owl:onProperty :hasLittleOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasLittleOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SandySoil ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DryLand ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicObject ] . :DesertPlant :wnsense "desert plant1n", "xerophile1n", "xerophilous plant1n", "xerophyte1n", "xerophytic plant1n" ; :wordnet "desert plant", "xerophile", "xerophilous plant", "xerophyte", "xerophytic plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'desert plant' in WordNet: 1. desert plant, xerophyte, xerophytic plant, xerophile, xerophilous plant - (plant adapted for life with a limited supply of water; compare hydrophyte and mesophyte) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TerrestrialOrganism, :VascularPlant . :Deserted :wnsense "deserted1adj" ; :wordnet "deserted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Deserted'' is for Places that are remote from Inhabited places. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deserted' in Wordnet: 1. deserted - (remote from civilization; 'the victim was lured to a deserted spot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distant, :Uninhabited . :Deserving :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :DeservingSomething ; :wnsense "deserving1adj", "meriting1adj", "worth1adj" ; :wordnet "deserving", "meriting", "worth" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'deserving' in Wordnet: 1. (2) deserving, meriting, worth - (having sufficient worth; 'an idea worth considering'; 'a cause deserving or meriting support'; 'the deserving poor' (often used ironically)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good, :WorthyOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :SituationProcessEventOrState ] . :DeservingSomething :ldoce "deserve" ; :wnsense "deserve1v" ; :wordnet "deserve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DeservingSomething (being deserving of something) is classified in COSMO as a MentalEvent and a PersistentState. It lasts until the thing deservfed is received by the agent that deserves it. It is Mental because it is not derived from any physical rules, but from some social rules that describe circumstances under which a person may deserve something. This state can be caused by an 'EarningSomething' Event, but may be the result of other social rules (such as inheriting). This state entails a SocialRelation, namely the relation between the person DeservingSomething and the Agent who should provide the thing deserved. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'deserve' in WordNet: 1. (29) deserve, merit - (be worthy or deserving; 'You deserve a promotion after all the hard work you have done') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState . :Desiccant :en "moisture absorbent substance" ; :wnsense "desiccant1n", "drier1n", "drying agent1n", "sicative1n" ; :wordnet "desiccant", "drier", "drying agent", "sicative" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Desiccant'' is an ''AbsorbentSubstance'' capable of absorbing ''Water'' from a Fluid (gas or liquid). Some desiccants can be regenerated by heating after absorbing their maximum quanitity of water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'desiccant' in WordNet: 1. desiccant, drying agent, drier, sicative - (a substance that promotes drying (e.g., calcium oxide absorbs water and is used to remove moisture)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsorbentSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dehumidifying ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Design :guid "bd58af32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "design2n", "design3n", "design6n" ; :wordnet "design" ; a :GroupType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of Pattern that is created to serve as a Specification for organizing some group of things, physical objects (design for a device), events (design for an industrial process), or abstract objects (design for a visual pattern that will be applied to objects such as cloth). In Cyc this is a direct subtype of 'Specification' and in COSMO the Type 'Pattern' also has additional parents under ''Pattern''.. Includes noun senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'design' in Wordnet: 2. (12) design, plan - (an arrangement scheme; 'the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult'; 'it was an excellent design for living'; 'a plan for seating guests') 3. (3) blueprint, design, pattern - (something intended as a guide for making something else; 'a blueprint for a house'; 'a pattern for a skirt') 6. (1) design - (a preliminary sketch indicating the plan for something; 'the design of a building') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pattern, :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesigningEvent ] . :DesignForaDevice a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''DesignForaDevice'' is a ''Design' (an abstract object) that contains specifications, drawings, or descriptions of a ''Device'' intended to do something useful. This is a companion type to ''DesignForaStructure'', the thing that an ''Architect'' produces and contains specifications for the form and composition of a ''Structure''. A ''Design'' will normally be represented in some ''PhysicalObject'' like drawings or text or some electronic form of either. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Design, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesigningaDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Engineer ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :DesignForaStructure a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''DesignForaStructure'' is a ''Design' that contains specifications, drawings, or descriptions of a ''Structure'' intended serve some purpose. A ''Structure'' is a large object in which people can move around, ranging from a small permanent hut or bungalo to a Mansion or bridge or dam, and including ships large enough for people to move around in on two feet, and to require serious design effort (larger than a rowboat or canoe or outboard motor boat). This is a companion type to ''DesignForaDevice'', the thing that an ''Engineer'' produces and contains specifications for the form and composition of a ''Device''. This includes 'architectural plans'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Design, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesigningaDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Architect ] . :DesignFunction :wnsense "function2n", "purpose2n", "role3n", "use3n" ; :wordnet "function", "purpose", "role", "use" ; a :CapabilityType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DesignFunction is an AttributeValue specifying the ability to do something or to enable doing something by acting as an instrument. This notion encompasses two different roles in an Event, and is therefore an aggregate concept that is high-level in COSMO. Its subtypes will be roles in Events which may be Actions (doing something) or merely non-active participations (being an instrument). This is the function that an artifact is designed to perform, when it is designed to perform a function, or the function that an evolved part of an organism is designed to perform, by evolution. NOTE that this is a ''Capability'', a type of Attribute, and this type cannot directly represent an Event or Action. The Action corresponding to each capability is pointed to by ''isAbilityToPerformActionType''. or ''wasRealizedByAction''. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 2 of 'function' in WordNet ('role' is represented by parent ''Role'').: in Wordnet: 2. (24) function, purpose, role, use - (what something is used for; 'the function of an auger is to bore holes'; 'ballet is beautiful but what use is it?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Function, :RealizableEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaDesignFunctionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Artifact-Generic ] . :Designated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AssigningaResponsibility ; :wnsense "designated1adj" ; :wordnet "designated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Thetype of ''AssigningaResponsibility'' that creates this attribute can be very informal or performed by agreement in a group, as in 'designated driver'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'designated' in Wordnet: 1. designated - (selected or named for a duty; \"designated hitter\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Solid . :DesignatedPosition :ldoce "place", "position" ; :wnsense "place13n", "position8n" ; :wordnet "place", "position" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'DesignatedPosition' is a place that is the assigned, expected, or normal location for some PhysicalObject or Event. Thus, a Mountain will almost always be in its DesignatedPosition, except for small chages that may be caused by continental drift or earthquakes. At certain times people or groups of people may be expected to be in a certain place (e.g. at the start of a race, in a fixed seating arrangement, in a meeting room, at the beginning of a football play, etc.). At the start of a chess game, each type of piece has its appropriate places 'all pieces are in the right place'; (thus there may be more than one DesignatedPosition for an object of a particular type).. Something 'out of place' is **not** in its 'DesignatedPosition'. For Events, the DesignatedPosition will often be related to the Event by a 'typicallyOccursAt' relation. Linguistically, being 'in place' or 'in position' will often mean that an object is in its 'DesignatedPosition'. This includes senses 7 and 9 of 'place' in RHW: 7. a space or seat for a person, as in a theater, train, etc.: Please save my place for me. 9. a proper or appropriate location or position: A restaurant is not the place for an argument. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'position' and possibly part of sense 13 of 'place' in WordNet; the gloss of sense 13 of 'place' suggests physical location, but the hypernyms are states - unclear about the actual intended meaning; WN sense 13 of 'place' has a gloss similar to sense 9 of 'place in RHW, and the RHW sense is more clearly a physical location, so this sense is taken as the intended meaning of WN sense 13 of 'place'. in WordNet: 8. (3) position - (the appropriate or customary location; 'the cars were in position') WN 'place' 13. (1) place - (proper or appropriate position or location; 'a woman's place is no longer in the kitchen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Site . :Designator :wnsense "label1n" ; :wordnet "label" ; a :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Designator is an AbstractSymbol (an instance of GenericArtifact) that is created as a means of reference to some entity other than itself; in addition to being an AbstractSymbolicObject, it plays a Role in designating some other entity, and is therefore also a Role. The most common kinds of Designators are names of people and places, but many other kinds of Designators exist, in particular Identifiers that are numbers or have a numerical component. Every word in a language, natural or artificial, erbal or written, is a Designator of some kind of entity. Designators do not have to be strings or words in a language: symbolic objects such as icons can also be Designators. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'label' in WordNet. 1. (3) label - (a brief description given for purposes of identification; 'the label Modern is applied to many different kinds of architecture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbol, :GenericLabel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Designer :guid "bd58e1c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "designer1n", "designer2n", "designer4n" ; :wordnet "designer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anyone who designs something as a job. Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'designer' in WordNet: 1. (2) interior designer, designer, interior decorator, house decorator, room decorator, decorator - (a person who specializes in designing architectural interiors and their furnishings) 2. (1) architect, designer - (someone who creates plans to be used in making something (such as buildings)) 4. couturier, fashion designer, clothes designer, designer - (someone who designs clothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeskWorker, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DesigningEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :DesigningAnArrangement :en "arranging" ; :ldoce "arrange" ; :wnsense "arrange1v" ; :wordnet "arrange" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DesigningAnArrangement'' is a ''DesigningEvent'' (mental Action) that creates a ''Layout'' (a specification for an ''Arrangement''); the ''Arrangement'' thus designed can be either physical or abstract. An actual physical arranging of objects would be the subtype ''Arraying''. This sense is for a mostly *mental* action that takes a group of objects (abstract or concrete) and create an 'Arrangement' (an OrderedGroup) having the same objects in some specified order. If an action divides a Group into subgroups, that would be an act of 'Grouping', but that is not a necessary consequence. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'arrange' in WordNet: 1. (14) arrange, set up - (put into a proper or systematic order; 'arrange the books on the shelves in chronological order') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesigningEvent, :Organizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Layout ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :DesigningEvent :CYC "Designing" ; :SUMO "Designing" ; :guid "bd58a295-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "design1n", "design1v", "design2v", "designing1n", "plan4v" ; :wordnet "design", "designing", "plan" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of designing something, be it clothing, cars, computer chips or buildings. In SUMO and Cyc termed 'Designing'. SUMO: The spatial analogue of Planning. Designing a Collection of Objects involves determining a placement of the Objects with respect to one another and perhaps other Objects as well, in order to satisfy a particular purpose. Cyc: The act of designing something, be it clothing, cars, computer chips or buildings. Includes verb senses 2, 3, an 4 and noun sense 1 of 'design' and noun sense 1 of 'designing' in WordNet: 2. (28) design - (design something for a specific role or purpose or effect; 'This room is not designed for work') 3. (19) design - (create the design for; create or execute in an artistic or highly skilled manner; 'Chanel designed the famous suit') 4. (8) design, plan - (make a design of; plan out in systematic, often graphic form; 'design a better mousetrap'; 'plan the new wing of the museum') WN noun 'design' 1. (13) design, designing - (the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan); 'he contributed to the design of a new instrument') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Design ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Designer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :DesigningaDevice :en "designing a device" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DesigningEvent'' in what is produced is a ''DesignForaDevice''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesigningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DesignForaDevice ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :DesigningaStructure a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DesigningEvent'' in what is produced is a ''DesignForaStructure''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesigningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DesignForaStructure ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Desirable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Desire ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Desire ; :ldoce "desirable" ; :wnsense "desirable1adj" ; :wordnet "desirable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A broad EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is in some sense 'Desirable'. This differs from 'Good' in that it suggests that the thing thus described can be either obtained (Object) or performed (Action), and that there is some option on someone's part whether or not to have or do it. NOTE that this attribute is related to'Desire' by the relation 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo', meaning that this is the object of the desire; an attribute specifying the agent of the Desire feeling would be related by 'isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling'.. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'desirable' in RHW: 1. worth having or wanting; pleasing, excellent, or fine: a desirable apartment. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'desirable' in WordNet: 1. (16) desirable - (worth having or seeking or achieving; 'a desirable job'; 'computer with many desirable features'; 'a desirable outcome') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :DesirableEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event that is Desirable from the point of view of the agent who caused it to happen. Many Events fall into this category, but only those Event types whose basic meaning implies desirableness will be subtypes of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Desire :en "wish for" ; :eng "desiring", "wanting" ; :ldoce "desire", "want", "wish" ; :wnsense "desire1n", "desire1v", "want1v", "wish1n" ; :wordnet "desire", "want", "wish" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Desire is DirectedFeeling within a 'IntentionalAgent' that is specific to that agent, that references some 'DesiredFutureSituation'. This is essentially identical to 'desiring' or 'wanting', but differs from a 'Wish' in that a Wish may refer to some Situation that has already passed 'I wish he hadn't done that', whereas a Desire has at least the theoretical possibility of being fulfulled. The restrictions require that a DesiredFutureSituation be specified, and that a 'Goal' be specified that also references that DesiredFutureSituation. This type includes desiring some state of affairs, and desiring some physical object - in the latter case, the 'DesiredFutureSituation' is posession of that object, but desiring possesion can be distinguished from desiring states other than personal possession. It is possible to desire something that one knows to be impossible (e.g., wishing or hoping for a miracle). One implication of the feeling 'Desire' that needs an FOL version to represent is that, if an agent desires some state, *and* that agent has the ability to make that state occur, *then* that agent will make that state occur - unless making that state occur will cause some other effect that is not desired. See 'Procedure' for more detail of this logical implication; making a 'Desire' come true will involve having a 'Procedure' to realize the desire, and the realization is related to the 'Procedure' by the relation 'hasExecutionEvent'. This is part of the intended meaning of this type 'Desire'. If an agent does have the ability to make something happen but doesn't do so, then such any weak 'Desire' would have to be classified as a 'velleity' - some greater preference (even laziness) may get in the way of fulfilling the 'Desire': in RHW the definitions of 'velleity' are: (1)the lowest degree of volition; (2) a slight wish or tendency : inclination . @ToDo: not 'velleity' yet (rev987) represented in COSMO. NOTE that both verb and noun 'desire' map to this category: 'to desire' something is to have a desire (feeling) for that something. The something desired is related by the 'hasDesiredSituation' relation. NOTE that a Desire has to be directed toward a FutureSituation; there is a sense of 'wish' that is imilar to this notion, and is included in this type; but there is another, weaker sense of 'wish' that is represented by the type 'Wish' and is not necessarily direct toward a FutureSituation. A 'preference' is a subtype of 'Desire' - see 'Preference'. The Feeling of Desire may be caused by the conclusion of a rational thinking process, but is itself a Feeling, which is not a Proposition. A Person may desire a thing (i.e. to possess a thing), or some future situation - for something to happen, or some process to occur, or some state to come into existence. a specialization of 'Desire' is a 'Goal', which similarly refers to some future situation, but bringing about that future situation involves some intended or planned action on the part of the Agent with the Goal. To 'desire' something is to have this feeling of 'Desire'. Although in language we can say that a person 'desires' an object, in COSMO that would be represented as the person desiring the 'DesiredFutureSituation' in which that person possesses that object, so the desired thing is in all cases a Situation (referenced by the relation 'hasDesiredSituation'), even if an Object is indirectly referenced as a participant in that Situation (i.e. the DesiredSituation is possession of the Object). NOTE that the restriction on this Type references a 'DesiredFutureSituation' rather than merely a FutureSituation. This requires that, in specifying a Desire and the Situation desired, that Situation should be categorized as a DesiredFutureSituation so that it can contain a pointer back to the Agent who wants it, and serve as an index of which agents would be pleased to see a particular Situation happen. (Not all agents need to be thus referenced, as certain DesiredFutureSituations such as the election of some person to an office, may be desired by a very large number of people). NOTE: In SUMO, 'desires' is treated as a relationship between some 'IntentionalAgent' and a proposition describing the thing desired, and a 'Desire' would be the Proposition that is the object of that relation. But there is another difference. The SUMO 'desires' apparently is closer to COSMO 'Goal' since it involves participation of the Agent. The SUMO relation is described here for reference, but is not equivalent to 'Desire' in COSMO. SUMO: (definition of 'desires') '(desires ?AGENT ?FORMULA)' means that ?AGENT wants to bring about the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that there is no implication that what is desired by the agent is not already true. Note too that 'desires' is distinguished from 'wants' only in that the former is a PropositionalAttitude, while 'wants' is an ObjectAttitude. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'desire' in RHW: : conscious impulse toward something that promises enjoyment or satisfaction in its attainment Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'desire' and verb sense 1 of 'want' , and nouns sense 1 of 'wish' in WordNet: WN noun 'desire': 1. (34) desire - (the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state) WN verb 'desire' 1. (25) desire, want - (feel or have a desire for; want strongly; 'I want to go home now'; 'I want my own room') WN 'wish': 1. (6) wish, wishing, want - (a specific feeling of desire; 'he got his wish'; 'he was above all wishing and desire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :SituationProcessEventOrState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Goal :GoalType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :typicallyProduces ] . :Desired :isAnAttributeValueOf :DesiredFutureUse, :DesiredObject, :DesiredObjectDestination, :DesiredQuantity, :FutureSituation ; :wnsense "coveted1adj", "craved1adj", "desired1adj", "desired2adj", "in demand1adj", "sought after1adj" ; :wordnet "coveted", "craved", "desired", "in demand", "sought after" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Desired'' is the attribute of a '''DesiredObject'' or ''DesiredFutureSituation'' or ''DesiredFutureUse'' or ''DesiredQuantity'' or ''DesiredObjectDestination''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'desired' in Wordnet, but this also applies to things that are desired at any level of intensity, not just the strong desires expressed in the WN gloss: in WordNet: 1. (5) coveted, desired, in demand, sought after - (greatly desired) 2. (1) craved, desired - (wanted intensely; 'the child could no longer resist taking one of the craved cookies'; 'it produced the desired effect') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desirable . :DesiredFutureSituation :wnsense "wherefore1n", "why1n" ; :wordnet "wherefore", "why" ; a :FutureSituationType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DesiredFutureSituation is a FutureSituation, (a Process, Event, or State) that has not yet happened, and is desired by some 'IntentionalAgent'. The desire will be represented in some Desire, Goal or Rule. This situation is considered ''Desirable'' by some agent for whom this provides a Goal or motivation - but it may not be desirable to others. WN noun 'why' in WordNet: 1. why, wherefore - (the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase 'the whys and wherefores') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Goal :GoalType :Rule :Desire :Plan :Proviso :Stipulation ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desired ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DesiredFutureUse a :FutureSituationType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DesiredFutureUse'' a ''DesiredFutureSituation'' that motivates Agents to set aside (see ''Earmarking') some Resource for a particular use desired by the Agent doing the ''Earmarking'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesiredFutureSituation, :UsingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desired ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DesiredObject :en "desired thing", "thing wanted" ; :wnsense "desire3n" ; :wordnet "desire" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DesiredObject'' is an Object (usually Physical) that is desired (for any reason) by an ''IntentionalAgent''. 'His heart's desire'. NOTE: perhaps the ''Desire'' should be specified -to anchor the temporal context when it is desired? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'desire' in WordNet: 3. (2) desire - (something that is desired) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desire ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desired ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DesiredObjectDestination a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoundTripDestination, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesiredObject ] . :DesiredQuantity a :MeasurableQuantityType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of a ''DesiredQuantity'' is the value of some ''MeasurableQuantity'' that is **desired or needed** by some agent for some purpose. See related concepts: isaRequiredResourceFor// requiresResource """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, :NecessaryThing, :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :Requirement, :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Goal :PossibleFutureSituation :GoalSituation :GoalType :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desired ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DesiresContext :guid "beb40074-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all contexts which contain assertions expressing the desires of some agent or group of agents.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropositionalAttitudeContext . :Desirous :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Desire ; :wnsense "desirous1adj", "wishful1adj" ; :wordnet "desirous", "wishful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing ''Desire''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'desirous' in Wordnet: 1. desirous, wishful - (having or expressing desire for something; 'desirous of high office'; 'desirous of finding a quick solution to the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Desisting :wnsense "cease1v", "desist1v", "discontinue1v", "give up4v", "quit1v", "refrain2v", "stop2v" ; :wordnet "cease", "desist", "discontinue", "give up", "quit", "refrain", "stop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Desisting'' is a ''Refraining'' ('ceasing' to do something) from continuing some action. This is a ''PurposefulAction'' because it is not merely the halting of an ongoing Action (which could occur at a natural halting point), but halting an action that the actor would have continued except for some expected negative effect of continuation, or some intervening more urgent need. NOTE @ToDo: differentiate ''QuittingAction'' from ''Desisting'' - does one 'desist' beccause of a command or expected negative consqences?? **NOTE** that 'Desisting'' is does not include the change when the Action desisted from is stopped - it is only the state *after* the stopping. Corresponds most closely to RHW 'desist': to cease, as from some action or proceeding; stop. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'desist' in WordNet (which should be a subtype), and verb sense 1 of 'cease': in WordNet: 1. abstain, refrain, desist - (choose not to consume; 'I abstain from alcohol') WN verb 'cease': 1. (25) discontinue, stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off - (put an end to a state or an activity; \"Quit teasing your little brother\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsciousActivity, :PurposefulAction, :QuittingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anticipation-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFollows ; owl:someValuesFrom :StoppingEvent ] . :Desk :guid "bd58df56-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToSupport :Document-Physical ; :ldoce "desk" ; :wnsense "desk1n" ; :wordnet "desk" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Desk-PieceOfFurniture' Cyc: A special type of table used to support books, paperwork, etc, and at which a person sits to read or write. The relation specifes that a desk supports documents (for reading and writing) but it can also support other things. The subtype ''Lectern'' supports documents and is used while *standing* rather than sitting. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of noun 'desk' in WordNet: 1. (24) desk - (a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object-SupportingFurniture, :StorageConstruct, :Table-Furniture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkSurface ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :DeskDrawer :en "desk drawer" ; :enn "desk drawer" ; :guid "bd58f934-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :Desk ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "CYC: The collection of all drawers made for desks." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drawer . :DeskLamp :guid "c014734f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ElectricLamp suitable for use on top of a desk - the styles vary, but it cannot be a floor lamp. Usually the light points down and is shielded from viewing horizontally, so as not to glare in a desk worker's eyes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricLamp . :DeskPad :guid "c0263857-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sheet of Absorbent material that fits on top of a desk, and can be used as a support for writing on paper. It used to be used to absorb ink spills, but one doesn't see that much anymore, with ball-point pens and computers for writing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SmallObject . :DeskTop :wnsense "desktop1n" ; :wordnet "desktop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''DeskTop'' is not for computer screens. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'desktop' in WordNet: 1. desktop - (the top of a desk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TopSide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Desk ] . :DeskWorker :en "desk worker" ; :guid "bd58ab18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation. #$DeskWorker is a very broad category, consisting of those people who do a significant amount of their work sitting at desks (as opposed, e.g., to those who do physically demanding or outdoor work). While the sorts of work performed at desks make up too heterogeneous a class for #$DeskWorker itself to be considered an #$PersonTypeByOccupation (q.v.), some of its subcollections do correspond to types of occupations, e.g. #$Administrator, #$ComputerOperator, and #$Secretary. One of the class of 'White collar workers': in WordNet: 1. (2) white-collar - (of or designating salaried professional or clerical work or workers; 'the coal miner's son aspired to a white-collar occupation as a bookkeeper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :PersonWithOccupation . :Despair :guid "bd58a6d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "despair1n", "despair2n", "desperation1n", "hopelessness1n" ; :wordnet "despair", "desperation", "hopelessness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Despair'' is an ''EmotionalState'' that may includes some ''Fear'' of bad things that may happen, plus a feeling of hopelessness that nothing can be done to prevent those bad things. This includes moderate levels of 'hopelessness' such as in subtype ''Pessimism''. CYC: Utter loss of hope. NOTE: sense 1 of 'despair' includes the state of 'desperation' - but the PhysicalSituation that can cause 'Despair'' is represented as ''Desperation''. This type is for the Feeling. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'despair' and non sense 1 of 'hopelessness' in WordNet: 1. (4) despair, desperation - (a state in which everything seems wrong and will turn out badly; 'they were rescued from despair at the last minute') 2. (8) despair - (the feeling that everything is wrong and nothing will turn out well) WN noun 'hopelessness': 1. hopelessness - (the despair you feel when you have abandoned hope of comfort or success) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Despairing ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desperation ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Despairing :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Despair ; :wnsense "despairing1adj", "desperate1adj" ; :wordnet "despairing", "desperate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Despairing'' is the attribute of someone with the Feeling of ''Despair''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'despairing' in WordNet: 1. (3) despairing, desperate - (arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope; 'a despairing view of the world situation'; 'the last despairing plea of the condemned criminal'; 'a desperate cry for help'; 'helpless and desperate-as if at the end of his tether'; 'her desperate screams') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Afraid . :Desperately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Despairing ; :wnsense "desperately2adv" ; :wordnet "desperately" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Desperately'' is an AdverbOfManner that can modify Actions to indicate that they were performed in a ''Despairing'' manner, or to indicate that the action characterized was performed 'in desperation' (in a ''Despairing' state). Correspond to adverb sense 2 of'desperately' in WordNet: 2. (3) desperately - (in intense despair; 'the child clung desperately to her mother') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Desperation :wnsense "desperation1n" ; :wordnet "desperation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DangerousSituation'' in which death, significant physical injury, significant physical distruction, or significant financial (or other) disaster may occur and no feasible Action seems adequate to prevent the damage.. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'desperation' in WordNet: 1. (4) despair, desperation - (a state in which everything seems wrong and will turn out badly; 'they were rescued from despair at the last minute') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Despair ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Despised :isTheOppositeOf :Loved ; :wnsense "despised1adj", "detested1adj", "hated1adj", "scorned1adj" ; :wordnet "despised", "detested", "hated", "scorned" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being hated by most members of the community. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'despised' in Wordnet: 1. (1) despised, detested, hated, scorned - (treated with contempt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeldInContempt . :Despising :eng "despising", "disdaining", "scorning" ; :wnsense "contemn1v", "despise1v", "disdain1v", "scorn1v" ; :wordnet "contemn", "despise", "disdain", "scorn" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Despising'' is a PersistentState that is a more intensive form of ''HatingEvent'' (which is itself pretty intense). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'despise' in WordNet: 1. (8) contemn, despise, scorn, disdain - (look down on with disdain; 'He despises the people he has to work for'; 'The professor scorns the students who don't catch on immediately') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HatingEvent . :Despondent :wnsense "despondent1adj", "heartsick2adj" ; :wordnet "despondent", "heartsick" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Despondent'' is the attribute of someone having little or no hope of achieving something important Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'despondent' in Wordnet: 1. (3) despondent, heartsick - (without or almost without hope; 'despondent about his failure'; 'too heartsick to fight back') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unhappy, :WithoutHope . :DessertFood :guid "bd590aca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "afters1n", "dessert1n", "sweet2n" ; :wordnet "afters", "dessert", "sweet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object, not a substance. For the substance, use ''DessertSubstance''. This is the ''CourseOfAMeal'' (a ''DishOfFood'') that is served after the ''Entree'' at a ''MultiCourseMeal''. This is a ''Role'' that a ''SweetTastingObject'' may play when served or consumed as part of a ''MultiCourseMeal'', and is still a ''SweetTastingObject'' when consumed at other times. (for example,a ''SweetTastingObject'' could be a ''Snack''). CYC: A collection of tangible stuff. Each instance of #$DessertFood is an item of food which, in its prepared state, is customarily eaten by people as part of the #$DessertCourse of a meal. For example, (in #$NorthAmericanCuisine,) ice cream, cake, pie. COSMO note: A ''DessertFood'' may often be eaten as a snack independent of meals, and in the case of certain foods such as 'Cookie's that may be the most common time for eating them. A ''DessertFood'' is usually 'sweet', but this type includes food found in snacks, such as popcorn or crackers, so in this case being 'sweet' does not have to mean literall sugar-laden, just having some pleasant-tasting substances aded. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'dessert' in WordNet: 1. (2) dessert, sweet, afters - (a dish served as the last course of a meal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourseOfAMeal, :PleasantThing, :Role, :SweetTastingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultiCourseMeal ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :DessertSubstance a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An edible substance (solid or liquid) that is eaten primarily for the pleasure of its taste, rather than for its nutritional value, though it may have some nutritional value. It is usually by not necesarily sweet (fruit can be a desert). This is general, and not just for things that are eaten as 'dessert' after meals. dessert """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food . :Destabilizing :wnsense "destabilise2v", "destabilize2v" ; :wordnet "destabilise", "destabilize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Destabilizing'' is an ''Altering'' and a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' of something that makes some Object or system''Ustable'' and leads to ''Instability''. This is the transitive Event that affects some Object(s). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'destabilize' in WordNet: 2. destabilize, destabilise - (make unstable; 'Terrorism destabilized the government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altering, :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unstable ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Instability ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingUnstable ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Destination :wnsense "destination1n", "finish4n", "goal4n" ; :wordnet "destination", "finish", "goal" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Destination'' is a ''Place'' that is the intended endpoint of a ''Translation-Complete'': or a ''\"GoingSomewhere'' For the starting place use ''StartingPlace''. see ''Translation-Complete'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'destination' in WordNet: 1. (2) finish, destination, goal - (the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey); 'a crowd assembled at the finish'; 'he was nearly exhausted as their destination came into view') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SceneOfEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArrivingAtAPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingPlaceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Translation-Complete ] . :Destined :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Destining ; :wnsense "destined1adj", "doomed4adj", "fated1adj" ; :wordnet "destined", "doomed", "fated" ; a :MysticalType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Destined'' is the attribute of a Person or Event that experienced a ''Destining'' by the 'hand of Fate'. This is a mystical concept, not useful for scientific descriptions of Events. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'destined' and sense 1 of 'fated' in WordNet: 2. bound, destined - ((usually followed by 'to') governed by fate; 'bound to happen'; 'an old house destined to be demolished'; 'he is destined to be famous') WN adjective 'fated': 1. doomed, fated - ((usually followed by 'to') determined by tragic fate; 'doomed to unhappiness'; 'fated to be the scene of Kennedy's assassination') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Destining :wnsense "destine1v", "doom1v", "fate1v" ; :wordnet "destine", "doom", "fate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Destining''is the mystical notion that some force,usually referred to as 'Fate' or 'Destiny' can preordain the events or outcome of a Person's life. This is the action by which ''Fate' does that. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'destine' (performed by fate, not by a Person) in WordNet: 1. (4) destine, fate, doom, designate - (decree or designate beforehand; 'She was destined to become a great pianist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fate ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Destiny :wnsense "destiny1n", "fate1n" ; :wordnet "destiny", "fate" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Destiny'' is the final stage of a Person's life (including the dying phase and the manner of dying), the ''Outcome'' of a Person's earlier stages of life. One's ''Destiny'' can depend largely on the actions one takes in life, but can also depend heavily on factors not directly under one's control, including (in some views or philosophies) the hand of ''Fate'', the mystical being or force that affects a Person's life. This COSMO concept is not used in a technical or scientific sense, but is a representation of a real concept (''LifeTime'') that has a strong relation to popular or philosophic notions of the forces that affect people, inlcuding 'luck'. The logical representation of this popular notion is represented by the relation ''mayBeCausedBy Fate'', which makes no commitment about the reality of that mystical force. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'destiny' in WordNet: 1. (6) destiny, fate - (an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outcome, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lifetime ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fate ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :Destroyer :guid "c10099fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "destroyer1n", "guided missile destroyer1n" ; :wordnet "destroyer", "guided missile destroyer" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of highly maneuverable, relatively small warships which are used to destroy other naval ships. Typically these ships are armed with naval guns, depth charges, and torpedoes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'destroyer' in WordNet: 1. (1) destroyer, guided missile destroyer - (a small fast lightly armored but heavily armed warship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModernNavalShip, :Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fast ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DestructionEvent :guid "bd58f920-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "destroy", "ruin" ; :wnsense "demolition1n", "demolition2n", "destroy2v", "destruction1n", "destruction2n", "devastation5n", "ruin1v", "ruin2v", "wipeout1n" ; :wordnet "demolition", "destroy", "destruction", "devastation", "ruin", "wipeout" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events and a specialization of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent. In each instance of this collection at least one instance of #$SomethingExisting (the #$inputsDestroyed) ceases to exist. Examples include deleting a computer file, chopping down a tree and breaking an agreement. For cases where the item destroyed is a material thing (i.e. an instance of #$PartiallyTangible), see the more specialized #$PhysicalDestructionEvent. NOTE: this is not necessarily an Action because it can be the result of a natural process or event, and the object destroyed does not have to be physical. See subtypes for more specific kinds of destruction.. This therefore is not a subtype of 'DamagingEvent' which must be caused by an agent. Also note that the subtype 'PhysicalDestructionEvent' would be best used for Events that cause something to not exist, even though that event is not harmful to any agent or any agent's purpose (e.g. the destruction of some rock on the moon by a meteorite). Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'ruin' and sense 2 of 'destroy' in WordNet: WN 'destroy': 2. (28) destroy, ruin - (destroy completely; damage irreparably; 'You have ruined my car by pouring sugar in the tank!'; 'The tears ruined her make-up') WN 'ruin': 1. (4) destroy, ruin - (destroy completely; damage irreparably; 'You have ruined my car by pouring sugar in the tank!'; 'The tears ruined her make-up') 2. ruin - (destroy or cause to fail; 'This behavior will ruin your chances of winning the election') WN noun 'destruction': 1. (8) destruction, devastation - (the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists) 2. (6) destruction, demolition, wipeout - (an event (or the result of an event) WN noun 'demolition': 2. demolition - (the act of demolishing) that completely destroys something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationOrDestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Creation ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Existence ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :DestructionOfWorldTradeCenter20010911 :hadChangedEntity :WorldTradeCenter1 ; :hadDamagedObject :WorldTradeCenter1 ; a :IncurringDamage . :DestructionOfWorldTradeCenterBuildings2001 :caused :DestructionOfWorldTradeCenterBuildings2001 ; :hadDamagedObject :WorldTradeCenter1 ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :DestructionOfWorldTradeCenterBuildings2001 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :The911Attackers ; a :IntentionalDestruction ; rdfs:comment """The required relations are self-referential as a placeholder until more detail is desired.""" . :Destructive :en "damaging" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :DestructionEvent ; :wnsense "destructive1adj" ; :wordnet "destructive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Destructive'' is a property of a ''DestructionEvent''. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'destructive' and part of sense 1 of 'damaging' in WordNet: 1. (6) destructive - (causing destruction or much damage; 'a policy that is destructive to the economy'; 'destructive criticism') WN adj 'damaging': 1. (1) damaging, detrimental, prejudicial, prejudicious - ((sometimes followed by 'to') causing harm or injury; 'damaging to career and reputation'; 'the reporter's coverage resulted in prejudicial publicity for the defendant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmful . :DestructiveEarthquake :wnsense "earthquake1n" ; :wordnet "earthquake" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Earthquake''on Planet earth that causes major property damage and/or significant loss of life. These ''Eathquakes'' will usually have a strength greater than 5 on the Richter scale. Includes noun sense 1 of 'earthquake' in Wordnet: 1. (17) earthquake, quake, temblor, seism - (shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Earthquake, :NaturalDisaster, :PhysicalDestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disaster ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DestructiveWind :wnsense "wind1n" ; :wordnet "wind" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Wind'' having such high velocity as to cause damage. Contrast to 'Breeze'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind' in WordNet: 1. (29) wind, air current, current of air - (air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; 'trees bent under the fierce winds'; 'when there is no wind, row'; 'the radioactivity was being swept upwards by the air current and out into the atmosphere') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wind, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VGT_50MPH ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Detached :isAnAttributeValueOf :HardObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Detaching ; :wnsense "detached3adj", "separated5adj" ; :wordnet "detached", "separated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'detached' in WordNet: 3. (1) detached, separated - (no longer connected or joined; 'a detached part'; 'on one side of the island was a huge rock, almost detached'; 'the separated spacecraft will return to their home bases') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :DetachedHouse :en "detached house" ; :enn "detached house" ; :guid "bd58d81e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual residence separated from others, typically surrounded by a yard. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building . :Detaching :wnsense "detach1v" ; :wordnet "detach" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Detaching'' is a 'Disconnecting' in which two component parts of a system that were attached to each other are detached, and no longer connected, but without losing any part of either object'that was attached. One part may be small enough so that when detached, the remaining part does not lose its essential identity. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'detach' in WordNet: 1. (3) detach - (cause to become detached or separated; take off; 'detach the skin from the chicken before you eat it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Attaching ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Detachment :wnsense "detachment1n", "withdrawal4n" ; :wordnet "detachment", "withdrawal" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Detachment'' is state and Feeling in which one person is indifferent and unconcerned about the well-being or problems of some other person(s), and avoids (intentionally or unconsciously) becoming emotionally 'attached'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detachment' in WordNet: 1. (1) withdrawal, detachment - (avoiding emotional involvement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indifference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uninvolved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intimacy ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Detail :ldoce "detail", "point" ; :wnsense "detail1n", "point5n" ; :wordnet "detail", "point" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Detail' is an assertion about some particular thing that has already been described more generally. Such an assertion may or may not be true, so this is not considered a subtype of 'fact' as it is in WordNet. NOTE that this does *not* include the 'detail' in some design or ornamentation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detail' in WordNet: 1. (360) detail, item, point - (an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole; 'several of the details are similar'; 'a point of information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion . :Detailed :isTheOppositeOf :Sketchy ; :wnsense "detailed1adj", "elaborate2v", "elaborated1adj" ; :wordnet "detailed", "elaborate", "elaborated" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """(of a discussion of a topic) Having multiple parts, including specific assertions that related to subtopics of the more general topic. Contrasts with 'general', 'broad', 'shallow' in discussions of a topic. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'detailed' in WordNet (pertaining to documents or plans): 1. (26) detailed, elaborate, elaborated - (developed or executed with care and in minute detail; 'a detailed plan'; 'the elaborate register of the inhabitants prevented tax evasion'- John Buchan; 'the carefully elaborated theme') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Complex . :Detainee :wnsense "detainee1n", "political detainee1n" ; :wordnet "detainee", "political detainee" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Detainee'' is a 'Prisoner' who is being held in custody but has not yet been convicted and jailed for some specific offense. This would include people being held on suspicion of violating a law, as well as people being held in come combat situation. NOTE: the WN gloss includes 'political detainee' but this type is for any kind of detainee, not just political. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detainee' in WordNet: 1. detainee, political detainee - (some held in custody) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Prisoner, :Role . :Detectable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Detection, :Perceiving ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Detection, :Perceiving ; :wnsense "detectable1adj", "discernible3adj", "evident2adj", "observable1adj", "perceptible1adj" ; :wordnet "detectable", "discernible", "evident", "observable", "perceptible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Detectable' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or Event or of an AttributeValue of some object, that can be perceived by human senses or instruments (see 'Observing'); if directly perceivable with the senses only, use 'perceivable'; if requiring in addition to sensory perception some degree of though or inference, use 'Perceptible'. Every PhysicalObject should have this Attribute, even if only in principle - even neutrinos and dark matter are detectable by instruments (along with some calculations). For the attribute of things that can be perceived by human senses use the subtype 'Perceivable'. If something has this attribute, it means that the Event of detecting it is 'Possible'. Many things are Detectable, but this attribute would usually only be used in contrasting with things that are not in principle Detectable. The more useful subtype 'perceivable' can be used to specify that people can perceive it with their own senses. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'observable' and sense 1 of 'detectable' and sense 1 of 'perceptible; sense 2 of 'detectable in WN is referenced here for contrast; it is the sense in which something is *easily* detected, and that sense is not included here, though it may at some point be useful as a subtype. NOTE that the synset with 'observable' is also used with subattribute ''Perceivable'' since that term is used for perceiving with the eyes as well as perceiving with instruments. WN 'observable': in WordNet: 1. (2) discernible, evident, observable - (capable of being seen or noticed; 'a discernible change in attitude'; 'a clearly evident erasure in the manuscript'; 'an observable change in behavior') WN 'detectable': 1. (7) detectable, noticeable - (capable of being detected; 'after a noticeable pause the lecturer continued') 2. (1) detectable, perceptible - (easily seen or detected; 'a detectable note of sarcasm'; 'he continued after a perceptible pause') WN 'perceptible': 1. (1) perceptible - (capable of being perceived by the mind or senses; 'a perceptible limp'; 'easily perceptible sounds'; 'perceptible changes in behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :Detected :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Detecting ; :wnsense "detected1adj" ; :wordnet "detected" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'detected' in Wordnet: 1. (2) detected - (perceived or discerned; 'the detected micrometeoritic material') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Detecting :en "detecting" ; :wnsense "detect1v", "discover1v", "find2v", "notice1v", "observe1v" ; :wordnet "detect", "discover", "find", "notice", "observe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Detecting' is a voluntary 'Observing' (using any bodily sense, with or without instruments), which is a voluntary action that is also a 'Detection' which merely specifies that the existence of something was noticed by some voluntary action. In general, a 'Detection' will also be accompanied by a 'Recognizing', meaning that the thing detected is recognized as belonging to some particular type; however, this sense is more general, and may be as vague as a person detecting some problem due to, for example, a change in the sound emanating from a machine, without being able to specify if it is in fact a problem, or what the cause is. An odor can be detected without recognizing what kind of odor it is. But in both of those cases, there is some information about the type of things noticed, even if at a very broad category such as 'sound' or 'odor'. But this type does not require that the type of thing detected be specified. Corresponds to only part of verbs sense 1 of 'detect' in Wordnet; this is only for detecting the existence of something, not for quantitative measurements.: in WordNet: 1. (23) detect, observe, find, discover, notice - (discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of; 'She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water'; 'We found traces of lead in the paint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Detection, :DiscoveryEvent, :Observing . :Detection :wnsense "detection1n", "detection2n", "sensing1n" ; :wordnet "detection", "sensing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Detection' is an Action in which some PhysicalObject, by interacting with something, creates a signal that can be interpreted by an Agent as information. This is very general, and the Agent can be a Device, such as a microphone or a bodily organ, such as an Eye, or even a molecule at the surface of a 'Cell' that detects a chemical signal in the 'Cell''s environment and causes some response that may or may not be used by the 'Cell'. Each instance of 'Detection' had some kind of detector (a 'Sensor') that mediated the Detection: the restriction requires that this 'Sensor' (or its type) must be specified. Intentional acts of Detection by an 'IntentionalAgent' are represented by 'Detecting'. Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'detection' in Wordnet: 1. (4) detection, sensing - (the perception that something has occurred or some state exists; 'early detection can often lead to a cure') 2. (2) detection, catching, espial, spying, spotting - (the act of detecting something; catching sight of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBTGeneration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Signal ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Sensor :ObjectType ) ] ] . :Detective :wnsense "detective2n" ; :wordnet "detective" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Detective'' is a trained ''Inspector'' who performs investigations, working for hire or for some governmental agency. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'detective' in WordNet: 2. (1) detective - (an investigator engaged or employed in obtaining information not easily available to the public) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Inspector, :Investigator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Investigation ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :DetentionFacility :en "detention facility" ; :enn "detention facility" ; :guid "b53aac4e-5b0a-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$ConstructionArtifacts built with the express purpose of detaining captives. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imprisoning ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captive ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ] . :Detergent :wnsense "detergent1n", "detergent2n" ; :wordnet "detergent" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance composed of one or more synthetic surfactants. They are usually is designed to be used to emulsify dirt and grease, and help clean things, but may have other applications. Some surfactants, for example, are used to solubilize otherwise insoluble membrane-bound enzymes in biochemical research. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'detergent' in WordNet: 1. (22) detergent - (a surface-active chemical widely used in industry and laundering) 2. (3) detergent - (a cleansing agent that differs from soap but can also emulsify oils and hold dirt in suspension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningSubstance, :Surfactant . :Deteriorating :en "deteriorating" ; :enadj "deteriorating" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Corpse, :RottenEgg ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :DeteriorationEvent ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ deteriorating """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worsening . :DeteriorationEvent :wnsense "declension2n", "decline in quality1n", "deterioration1n", "deterioration2n", "impairment2n", "worsening1n" ; :wordnet "declension", "decline in quality", "deterioration", "impairment", "worsening" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'DeteriorationEvent' is an Event in which some PhysicalObject or PhysicalSubstance changes its physical or chemical state to a state that is less good (for some agent's purpose). This is very general, and an Event that may be considered as a deterioration by one agent mght be considered an improvement by another: the agent and his/her purpose are conceptually integral to this concept, but are not as yet (r953) formally encoded. In general, for artifacts created for a purpose, any reduced efficiency in achieving that purpose would be a DeteriorationEvent. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'deterioration' in WordNet: 1. (1) deterioration, impairment - (a symptom of reduced quality or strength) 2. deterioration, decline in quality, declension, worsening - (process of changing to an inferior state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decline, :PhysicalTransformationEvent, :SalientBadEvent, :WorseningEvent . :Determinant :wnsense "determinant3n" ; :wordnet "determinant" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mathematical Determinant, with rows and columns. More detail is left to a specialized Math ontology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'determinant' in Wordnet: 3. determinant - (a square matrix used to solve simultaneous equations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Matrix . :Determination :ldoce "determination" ; :wnsense "determination2n", "drive5n" ; :wordnet "determination", "drive" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that this is represented as a ''Feeling'', not as a Trait. Which is closer to reality? This includes sense 2 of 'determination' and sense 5 of 'drive' in WordNet 2.1: in WordNet: 2. determination, purpose - (the quality of being determined to do or achieve something; 'his determination showed in his every movement'; 'he is a man of purpose') WN noun 'drive': 5. (1) drive - (the trait of being highly motivated; \"his drive and energy exhausted his co-workers\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resolution-Emotion . :Determined :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Determination ; :ldoce "determined" ; :wnsense "determined1adj" ; :wordnet "determined" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Determination. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'determined' in WordNet: 1. (10) determined - (characterized by great determination; 'a struggle against a determined enemy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Determiner :wnsense "determinative1n", "determiner2n" ; :wordnet "determinative", "determiner" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Determiner is a word that is similar to an adjective but restricts the referential meaning of the following noun phrase; they usually precede descriptive adjectives and include the articles: the, a, and an, and any words that may substitute for them, as my, your, their, our, some, and each. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'determiner' in WordNet: 2. determiner, determinative - (one of a limited class of noun modifiers that determine the referents of noun phrases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedClassWord . :Determining :wnsense "crucial4adj", "deciding1adj", "determinant1adj", "determinative1adj", "determining1adj" ; :wordnet "crucial", "deciding", "determinant", "determinative", "determining" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Determining'' is a subattribute of ''Conclusive'' for things leaving no doubts unanswered - a slightly more intensive nuance of ''Conclusive'. Things that are ''Determining'' may not only cause BelievingSomething, but may cause other effects - determined by usage in context. NOTE that WN has example 'cast the deciding vote' here, and in the subattribute 'Decisive' also the example 'cast the decisice vote'. Apparently closely related. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'determining' in Wordnet: 1. (1) crucial, deciding, determinant, determinative, determining - (having the power or quality of deciding; 'the crucial experiment'; 'cast the deciding vote'; 'the determinative (or determinant) battle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conclusive . :DeterrenceEvent :guid "bec8d261-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deter1v" ; :wordnet "deter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of actions; a subset of #$MakingAThreat and #$DissuadingFromAction, thus, a collection of successful threats. More specifically, each instance of #$DeterrenceEvent is the use of a threat to dissuade an adversary from undertaking an action. Note that, in order to be effective, a deterrent must be a threat credible to its target (#$communicationTarget). For uncertain attempts to deter, use (#$AttemptingFn #$DeterrenceEvent). COSMO note: the restriction requires that the 'Refraining' caused by a 'DeterrenceEvent' be specified. The restriction specifies that a 'DeterrenceEvent' (which must be successful deterrence) will *always* cause a 'Refraining'. NOTE that deterrence may be successful for a while, then fail; up to the point where it fails, it can be a 'DeterrenceEvent', but if it fails, it no longer fits under this type, but could still be the parent 'DeterringSomeone', an attempting action. The closest WordNet 'deter' is sense 1, but that sense is an attempt to deter that is not necessarily successful - for an attempted deterrence, closer to the WordNet sense, use 'DeterringSomeone': in WordNet: 1. (1) deter, discourage - (try to prevent; show opposition to; 'We should discourage this practice among our youth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compelling, :Deterrent, :DissuadingFromAction, :MakingAThreat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :Refraining ] . :Deterrent :wnsense "balk2n", "baulk2n", "check8n", "deterrent1n", "handicap3n", "hinderance1n", "hindrance1n", "impediment1n" ; :wordnet "balk", "baulk", "check", "deterrent", "handicap", "hinderance", "hindrance", "impediment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Deterrent' is any Object, Action, or Situation (including possible ''FutureSituation''s that are ''Undesirable'') that causes an Animal to refrain from some otherwise possible or likely or desired Action. NOTE: If something is done - a threat or creating a Physical barrier or restraint - with the intention of deterring, but does not in fact deter, it will not be a ''Deterrent''. The specific 'attempt' at a ''DeterrenceEvent'' is represented by ''DeterringSomeone''. A physical restraint that prevents an animal from doing something regardless of whethertheanimal wants to or not, is not a ''Deterrent'' which works by causing ''Reraining''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'deterrent' in WordNet: 1. (1) hindrance, hinderance, deterrent, impediment, balk, baulk, check, handicap - (something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hindrance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Refraining ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DeterringSomeone :ldoce "discourage" ; :wnsense "deter1v", "discourage1v" ; :wordnet "deter", "discourage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which some Agent *tries* to cause another agent to become sufficiently discouraged about chances of success in some action, to cause the discouraged agent to not attempt that (otherwise planned) action. NOTE that, as in the WordNet usage, this type of action does not necessarily *always* result in the discouraged agent not trying to do the intended action; so it is not a form of 'prevention'. Successful deterrence would be a subtype, represented by 'DissuadingFromAction', and if a Threat is used, 'DeterrenceEvent'. 'DeterringSomeone' is always intentional, and requires a Communication as part of the Action. This is an attempting action; in CYC, attempts are represented by using an 'attempting' function, but as functions are not present in OWL, that tactic cannot be used here. The In CYC Deterrence is a subtype of 'MakingaThreat', but in COSMO a threat is not necessarily part of this concept. For the CYC 'deterring' use 'DeterrenceEvent'. CYC: 'DeterrenceEvent' A collection of actions; a subset of #$MakingAThreat and #$DissuadingFromAction, thus, a collection of successful threats. More specifically, each instance of #$DeterrenceEvent is the use of a threat to dissuade an adversary from undertaking an action. Note that, in order to be effective, a deterrent must be a threat credible to its target (#$communicationTarget). For uncertain attempts to deter, use (#$AttemptingFn #$DeterrenceEvent). Corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'discourage' in WordNet: 1. (12) deter, discourage - (try to prevent; show opposition to; \"We should discourage this practice among our youth\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Communication, :DiscouragingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeterrenceEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice :ldoce "blow", "explode" ; :wnsense "blow up1v", "explode1v" ; :wordnet "blow up", "explode" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice' is an Action in which an IntentionalAgent causes an ExplosiveDevice to detonate (explode), This can be merely to ecplode the device itself (as in destroying it, or in a fireworks display), or for the purpose of detroying something by means of the device. @ToDo: There should be a distinction betwen the main charge and the detonator - both are ''ExplosiveDevice''s. ?'DetonatableExplosiveDevice'?? The intransitive sense of something blowing up is represented by 'Explosion'; that sense corresponds most closely with WordNet sense 9 of 'explode'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'detonate' and sense 1 of 'explode' in WordNet: 1. (3) explode, detonate, blow up, set off - (cause to burst with a violent release of energy; 'We exploded the nuclear bomb') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :UsingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExplosiveDevice ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Detonator ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Explosion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Explosion ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Detonator :guid "be662b1a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cap1n", "detonating device1n", "detonator1n" ; :wordnet "cap", "detonating device", "detonator" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for 'detonators' that are themselves explosive devices and are use to detonate harges that do not explode from a spark, such as dynamite and TNT. CYC: A #$Detonator is a device containing a very sensitive explosive (see #$PrimaryDetonatorExplosiveType) that is used to fire a larger charge (or to initiate a sequence of charges) of less sensitive and more manageable explosive material (see #$SecondaryDetonatorExplosiveType). This includes detonators for large charges like TNT, for example with mercury fulminate or tetryl, but also for the small caps at the rear of a bullet assembly that is activated by being hit by the firing pin and then causes the main charge of the bullet (usually guncotton) to explode and propel the bullet. A disinction can can be made when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detonator' in WordNet: 1. detonator, detonating device, cap - (a mechanical or electrical explosive device or a small amount of explosive; can be used to initiate the reaction of a disrupting explosive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplosiveDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExplosiveDevice ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DetonatingAnExplosiveDevice ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Detour :wnsense "detour1n", "roundabout way1n" ; :wordnet "detour", "roundabout way" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Detour'' is a Roadway that can be used to get from one point to another on the Road, when the normal shorter path is closed for some reason, e.g. blocked fo repair or beause there is some accident on that road. For a shorter route than the usual, use ''ShortcutRoad''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detour' in WordNet: 1. detour, roundabout way - (a roundabout road (especially one that is used temporarily while a main route is blocked)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roadway, :SubstituteThing . :DeusExMachina :wnsense "deus ex machina1n" ; :wordnet "deus ex machina" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An agent that appears, as if by magic, to solve a seemingly intractable problem. From ancient Greek and Roman drama. Added to represent WordNet element. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deus ex machina' in WordNet: 1. deus ex machina - (any active agent who appears unexpectedly to solve an insoluble difficulty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveObject, :IntelligentAgent . :Devastated :en "devastated" ; :pertainsTo :Devastation, :PsychologicalDevastation ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Devastated'' is the attribute pertaining to either physical or psychological devastation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Devastating :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Devastation ; :wnsense "annihilating1adj", "devastating2adj", "withering1v" ; :wordnet "annihilating", "devastating", "withering" ; a :CausativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Devastating'' is an intensive form of ''Damaging'' ; it is the property of a ''Devastation'' Event, which completely or almost completely *physically* destroys the object(s) affected. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'devastating' in Wordnet: 2. (1) annihilative, annihilating, devastating, withering - (wreaking or capable of wreaking complete destruction; 'possessing annihilative power'; 'a devastating hurricane'; 'the guns opened a withering fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :Damaging . :Devastation :wnsense "desolate3v", "desolation4n", "devastate1v", "devastation3n", "lay waste to1v", "ravage2v", "scourge3v", "waste9v" ; :wordnet "desolate", "desolation", "devastate", "devastation", "lay waste to", "ravage", "scourge", "waste" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Devastation'' is a ''DestructionEvent'' in which something is competely or almost completely (not just partly) destoyed. This can be used for abstract Objects. For Mental objects or metaphorically for a Person's psychological state use ''PhchologicalDevastation'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'devastate' in WordNet: 1. (3) lay waste to, waste, devastate, desolate, ravage, scourge - (devastate or ravage; 'The enemy lay waste to the countryside after the invasion') WN noun 'devastation': 3. devastation, desolation - (an event that results in total destruction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DestructionEvent . :Developed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :EconomicDevelopmentEvent ; :ldoce "industrial" ; :wnsense "developed2adj", "industrial2adj" ; :wordnet "developed", "industrial" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a Specialized IntensiveAttributeValue of countries that have a well-developed industrial base. 'development' is on a continuum, so the The criterion for being 'developed' may vary from time to time, and may be set by international bodies. This is the highest on a scale that includes the attributes 'developing' and 'underdeveloped' (roughly the same as 'third-world'). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'developed' and sense 2 of 'industrial' and in WordNet: WN adj 'developed': 2. developed, highly-developed - ((used of societies) having high industrial development; 'developed countries') WN adj 'industrial': 2. (3) industrial - (having highly developed industries; 'the industrial revolution'; 'an industrial nation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue . :DevelopedMuscle :en "big muscle", "developed muscle", "large muscle", "well developed muscle" ; :wnsense "muscle1n" ; :wordnet "muscle" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DevelopedMuscle'' is a ''Muscle'' in a Person, that is larger than one of an average person, usually due to frequent use that causes it to naturally increase in size. This is her primarily to expres the meaning of ''Brawny'' (= muscular) for people with prominently developed muscles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscle' in WordNet: 1. (44) muscle, musculus - (one of the contractile organs of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Muscle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :DevelopedMuscles :en "big muscles", "developed muscles", "large muscles", "well developed muscles" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DevelopedMuscles'' is a Group of ''DevelopedMuscle'' in a Person. These can be any group of muscles that tend to increase in size from use, such as 'abs,'lats', biceps' and whatever else bodybuilders are concerned with. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DevelopedMuscle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Developer :wnsense "developer1n" ; :wordnet "developer" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Developer'' is an ''Expert'' in some field that creates something new (usually something useful) by a ''DevelopmentProcess''. Although the Wordnet sense includes only a real estate developer, this sense includes all types of developer, including software or novel products or processes. Includes but is much broader than noun sense 1 of 'developer' in WordNet: 1. (4) developer - (someone who develops real estate (especially someone who prepares a site for residential or commercial use)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DevelopingSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Developing :contrastsWith :Industrialized, :Preindustrial ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Country ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :DevelopmentProcess ; :wnsense "developing1adj", "underdeveloped1adj" ; :wordnet "developing", "underdeveloped" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Developing'' is an attribute of nations or geographical regions whose economy is partly ''Industrialized'' but in large part still depends on agriculture or small localenterprises Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'developing' in WordNet: 1. (2) developing, underdeveloped - (relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Developing-Formative :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :DevelopmentProcess ; :wnsense "formative1adj" ; :wordnet "formative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'formative' in Wordnet: 1. formative - (susceptible to alteration by development and experience; 'formative years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DevelopingFilm :wnsense "developing1n", "development8n" ; :wordnet "developing", "development" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DevelopingFilm'' is a ''ProcessingSomething'' in which an exposed but undeveloped photographic film (or plate) is bathed with a developing solution to bring out the image, positive or negative. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'developing' in WordNet: 1. development, developing - (processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible; 'the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessingSomething, :RevealingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhotographicFilm ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalImage ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnexposedFilmCoating ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :DevelopingSomething :causes :Development ; :ldoce "develop" ; :wnsense "develop1v" ; :wordnet "develop" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DevelopingSomething' is general concept, representing any of various Actions where an agent *Intentionally* causes something to come into existence by a gradual process. This is a transitive Action; for the intransitive sense, use 'DevelopmentProcess' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'develop' in Wordnet: 1. (48) develop - (make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation; 'Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather'; 'They developed a new technique') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Developer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Development ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DevelopingaNewProduct :wnsense "advent1n", "coming2n" ; :wordnet "advent", "coming" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DevelopingaNewProduct'' is a ''SuccessfulAction'' in which the a ''DevelopingSomething'' is completed and a new ''Product'' becomes available. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'advent' in WordNet: 1. (2) advent, coming - (arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous); 'the advent of the computer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :ReachingaState, :SuccessfulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :AgentType :Organization ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DevelopingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Product ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Development :ldoce "develop" ; :wnsense "develop10v", "develop14v", "development2n", "evolution1n" ; :wordnet "develop", "development", "evolution" ; a :GroupType, :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A very general concept of an ''Arising'', an Intransitive Event in which something comes into being or assumes a different form by a gradual process, possibly caused by a ''DevelopingSomething'' Action. This is an intransitive sense; for transitive Actions in which agents cause something to develop, use 'DevelopingSomething'. This type can be used for 'development' or 'evolution' of ideas or processes. This is mostly for organisms developing attributes or objects, but can be used for inorganic object such as a metal developing a tarnish or a layer of rust. For biological 'evolution' use the sibling type 'BiologicalEvolution'. NOTE that this sense suggests that the thing developing becomes more advanced, more complicated, or better in some way. For the more general notion of a gradual change that is not necessarily to the better (it could be no better or worse), use 'Evolution'. This includes verb senses 10 and 14 of 'develop' and noun sense 2 of 'development' in Wordnet: WN noun 'development': 2. (175) development, evolution - (a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage); 'the development of his ideas took many years'; 'the evolution of Greek civilization'; 'the slow development of her skill as a writer') WN verb 'develop': 10. (4) develop - (grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment; 'A flower developed on the branch'; 'The country developed into a mighty superpower'; 'The embryo develops into a fetus'; 'This situation has developed over a long time') 14. (1) develop, grow - (grow emotionally or mature; 'The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten'; 'When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arising, :Evolution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DevelopingSomething ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :DevelopmentOfTheUniverse :en "development of the universe" ; :enn "development of the universe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''DevelopmentOfTheUniverse'' is the execution of an one of the theories about how our Universe (the''RealWorld'') began and developed to our current time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Development, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cosmology ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OriginOfTheUniverse ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :DevelopmentProcess :en "development process", "stepwise development" ; :enn "development process", "stepwise development" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DevelopmentProcess'' is the general concept of ''DevelopingSomething'' performed in a ''Stepwise'' manner, in different phases or stages. This is the Transitive actual process of causing something to develop, not a procedure or plan or protocol for development of something. Development can be natural, as in development of an embryo, or a human activity, such as development of a language or culture. This is an intransitive sense of something undergoing development. For the transitive sense, use 'DevelopingSomething'; for the Event of something developing, use 'Development'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DevelopingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stepwise ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Developmental :pertainsTo :Development, :Gestation ; :wnsense "developmental1adj" ; :wordnet "developmental" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pertaining to 'Gestation' and any other kind of 'development' - see subtypes of ''Development'' and other types labeled 'development' for examples. Lots of them. Mostly used for biological development. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'developmental' in WordNet: 1. (4) developmental - (of or relating to or constituting development; 'developmental psychology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DevelopmentalAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Attributes that indicate the stage of development of some PhysicalObject: a LifeForm (usually an Organism), or an ArtifactObject. For specifically biological development attributes, use 'BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute'""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Deviation :wnsense "departure2n", "deviation1n", "divergence2n" ; :wordnet "departure", "deviation", "divergence" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Deviation'' is a single change from some normal or expected value of some property of an Object or System. This can be a subEvent of a ''Varying'' or ''Fluctating'' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deviation' in WordNet: 1. (3) deviation, divergence, departure, difference - (a variation that deviates from the standard or norm; 'the deviation from the mean') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :VaryingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValueChange ] . :Device :en "PhysicalDevice", "physical device" ; :wnsense "device1n" ; :wordnet "device" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device is an ArtifactObject designed to perform some action, or assist performing some action either using some internal mechanism, or merely by virtue of certain properties, such as shape and hardness. Device is very general, and includes simple things like hammers and candles. As with other artifacts, Devices are classified by the purpose that they are intended to serve, and only in some cases secondarily by physical characteristics. NOTE: somewhat nonintuitively, even things created by animals can be 'Devices', such as a 'SpiderWeb'; likewise, things that are not movable, such as a hole in the ground (a well or a trap) can be a 'Device'. A Device is distinguished from certain other ArtifactObjects such as art objects, which do not perform a function directly, but only via mediation by a mental process. Note also that every device has an owner, even if the owner has abandoned it, or is an animal. COSMO NOte: in an earlier version of Cyc this is called 'PhysicalDevice': NOTE that CYC includes art works in 'Device', but that is not the COSMO usage. OPENCYC 1 'PhysicalDevice': MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$Artifact and #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$PhysicalDevice is an artifact with a relatively rigid, set shape, designed for a specific use or to perform a specific function. Specializations of #$PhysicalDevice thus include (among others) #$RoadVehicle, #$Motorboat, #$HandTool, and #$PlumbingFixture. Note that artifacts which can only be 'used' in a very loose or metaphorical sense, such as instances of #$Sculpture, #$FlowerBed, or #$Advertisement-IBT, are _not_ instances of #$PhysicalDevice. Moreover, artifacts which have a specific use or function, but which do not have a relatively rigid, set shape are _not_ instances of #$PhysicalDevice; for this reason, neither #$GasolineFuel nor #$AntiFreeze are specializations of #$PhysicalDevice. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'device' in WordNet (it is unclear whether WordNet includes art works): in WordNet: 1. (38) device - (an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose; 'the device is small enough to wear on your wrist'; 'a device intended to conserve water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :FunctionalObject, :Implement, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :Device-OneTimeUse :en "device - one time use", "one-time use device" ; :enn "device - one time use", "one-time use device" ; :guid "be1a1690-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection #$Device-OneTimeUse is a subset of #$PhysicalDevice. Each element of #$Device-OneTimeUse is a device which is intended to be used only once in its primary or intended function. In many cases, it will be impossible to use the device again because of some effect of its use which destroys its ability to perform its function. In some cases, it may be physically possible to use the device again, but normally it wouldn't be re-used. Examples include instances of #$HandGrenade and #$Condom. For stuff-like products that are 'used up', see #$ConsumableProduct. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device . :Device-SingleUser :guid "c10093ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Device-SingleUser is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$Device-SingleUser is a device that typically has exactly one (i.e., one and only one) user who is the only individual who derives the value of its single function at a single time. A screwdriver (an instance of #$Screwdriver) is a #$Device-SingleUser, but a grand piano (an instance of #$GrandPiano) is not. A borderline non-example is a multiple-passenger car - although only one person operates it, several can use it at once, i.e. derive the value of its primary function (transportation). So a multiple-passenger car is not a #$Device-SingleUser. A borderline example is a telephone -- although it requires two or more users (each on telephones) for meaningful use, each phone generally has just one user at a time. So a telephone is a #$Device-SingleUser, but a telephone-circuit is not.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device . :Device-Unlocked :guid "6d060c2e-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The state of being unlocked. As a #$LockedState, this refers to the state of a locking device. As a #$SecurityAttribute, this refers to the state of an object that may have a lock, such as a house, car, or bicycle. In this sense, #$Unlocked is a kind of #$OpenAccess.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :UnlockedObject . :Device-UserControlled a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Device-UserControlled is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$Device-UserControlled is an artifact which is normally controlled by its user while serving its intended function(s). The artifact may be guided during part or all of its operation, and the user may guide it by hand or some other means of interaction. #$Tool is an important specialization of this collection, and further examples of #$Device-UserControlled include instances of the collections #$PomPom, #$Van, #$Spoon, and #$ToiletPaper. This collection does not include those devices which merely require some user intervention to get started or to be set up, e.g., instances of #$SofaBed, #$Holster, or #$LightBulbIncandescent. #$ManualCarWindow and #$AutomaticCarWindow are also not included, since they do not require user guidance while performing their main task (keeping out the wind), although they can be adjusted by the user.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :HumanScaleObject . :Device-UserPowered a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MusclePoweredDevice. Each instance of #$Device-UserPowered is an artifact deliberately designed to perform a particular function, and one which depends upon the physical efforts of the user to perform that function in part or in whole. A paradigm example would be a bicycle. However, the definition also leaves room for some counterintuitive cases - for example, combs and forks also qualify as user-powered devices. Borderline cases would be devices which require effort on the part of the user to perform part of the function, but not all of it. For example, many gas-powered lawnmowers have to be pushed by hand, but use an internal combustion engine to impart the necessary velocity to the cutting surfaces.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanPoweredDevice . :DeviceDial :wnsense "dial2n" ; :wordnet "dial" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeviceDial'' is a ''ControlDevice'' that is shaped like a small thickened disk (not long enough to qualify as a cylinder), about marble-sized or a little larger, attached to a larger device by small rod, designed to allow control of some function of the whole device, such as receiver frequency or sound volume on a radio or TV, Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dial' in WordNet: 2. dial - (the control on a radio or television set that is used for tuning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlDevice, :Disk, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalDevice ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :DeviceGroup :wnsense "instrumentality3n", "instrumentation1n" ; :wordnet "instrumentality", "instrumentation" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''DeviceGroup'' is a set of ''Device''s that are used for some related function(s). This includes a 'toolkit' and home''Furnishings'' as well as any set of articles having a related use together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instrumentation' in WordNet: 1. (3) instrumentality, instrumentation - (an artifact (or system of artifacts) that is instrumental in accomplishing some end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SetOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :DeviceKey :ldoce "key" ; :wnsense "key15n" ; :wordnet "key" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeviceKey'' is a part of a Device that can be 'pressed' with one finger to cause the Device to perform some Action. This includes ''PianoKey''and''KeyboardKey'' as subtypes. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'key' in WordNet: 15. key - (a lever that actuates a mechanism when depressed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PressingWithaFinger ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Device ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :DeviceMode :wnsense "mode2n" ; :wordnet "mode" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeviceMode'' is one of two or more states of a ''Device'', particularly an 'ElectricalDevice' that responds differently to inputs depending on the ''DeviceMode'' in which it is operating. e..g 'airplane mode' for laptop computers. automatic versus manual mode The mode affects the 'FunctioningOfaDevice''. i.e. Device response to input = st of ''Stimulus'' DeviceResponse A computer may have many different 'DeviceMode''s - the response of a computer to input will depend on which programs (or apps) are running at the tie of ''Inputting''. See also subtypes of ''DeviceState'' (attribute values) that can be used to describe 'states' of a Device. RHW 'mode' sense 3: a designated condition or status, as for performing a task or responding to a problem: a machine in the automatic mode. Corresponds to noun sense of 'mode' in WordNet: 2. mode - (a particular functioning condition or arrangement; 'switched from keyboard to voice mode') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SystemCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Device ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeviceResponse ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :DeviceOperator :wnsense "operator2n" ; :wordnet "operator" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DeviceOperator' is a person who is operating some Device that can be controlled by one or a few agents. This is very general and can apply to the role played in single 'Actions' or to one who does such actions as a profession. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'operator' in WordNet: 2. (9) operator, manipulator - (an agent that operates some apparatus or machine; 'the operator of the switchboard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :UserRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :Device ) ] ] . :DeviceResponse :en "device response" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DeviceResponse'' is one ''FunctioningOfaDevice'' that is taken by a Device in response to some ''Inputting'' Action. This is very general. The ''DeviceResponse'' of a manual typewriter to pressing a key may be to print a character on a piece of paper. Computer responses can be more complicated. This includes many subtypes: a detector responding to ambient conditions a manually operated device responding to some manipulation a functional device responding to manipulation or input an electronic device responding to signals over wire or wireless. A ''DeviceResponse'' may depend on the ''DeviceMode'' and the a ''DeviceResponse'' may be to change the ''DeviceMode''. The mode affects the 'FunctioningOfaDevice''. Thus this is a 'FunctioningOfaDevice'' that canaffect future 'FunctioningOfaDevice'' (e.g. by changing a ''DeviceMode'') ''mayBeAffectedBy'' change range/domain """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctioningOfaDevice, :PhysicalReaction, :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Inputting ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FunctioningOfaDevice ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeviceMode ; owl:onProperty :mayBeAffectedBy ] . :DeviceState a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'DeviceState' describes a 'state' that some Device may have. For ElectricalDevices, e.g., they may be 'PoweredOn' or 'PoweredOff'. See also subtypes of ''DeviceMode'' (''PersistentState''s) that can be used to describe 'states' or 'modes' of a Device. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DeviceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """DeviceType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Devices and an argument restriction for various relations on specific types of Devices. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. NOTE that we allow instances of DeviceType to be considered as a type of agent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentType, :ArtifactObjectType . :DeviceWithNoMovingParts :en "device with no moving parts" ; :enn "device with no moving parts" ; :guid "5b2930ea-7508-41d7-9270-9f787c2a7d6d" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DeviceWithNoMovingParts'' is a CYC concept with no gloss. Self-explanatory? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device . :Devil :ldoce "devil" ; :wnsense "daemon1n", "daimon1n", "demon1n", "devil2n", "fiend2n" ; :wordnet "daemon", "daimon", "demon", "devil", "fiend" ; a :AgentType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An evil spirit. This is the whole type of devils, not just the supreme devil called 'Satan', who is an instance of this type (see ''Satan'') Corresponds to sense 2 of 'devil' in Wordnet: 2. (5) devil, fiend, demon, daemon, daimon - (one of the evil spirits of traditional Jewish and Christian belief) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spirit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evil ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DevisedStructuredActivity :guid "be4cde78-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$DevisedPracticeOrWork. Each instance of #$DevisedStructuredActivity is an abstraction of a largely rule-governed activity involving rules for some form of physical activity (whether or not including a large component of mental activity), even as mild as moving the pieces ona a chess board. Major specializations of this collection include #$Game and #$Sport - instances of these collections are abstractions of activities that are obviously rule-governed. Purely mental exercises such as rules for memorizing or arithmetic operations are not subtypes of this category.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Specification . :Devoted :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Devotion ; :wnsense "devoted1adj" ; :wordnet "devoted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Devoted'' is the attribute of someone experiencing a deep sense of ''Love'' for a Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'devoted' in Wordnet: 1. (6) devoted - (zealous in devotion or affection; 'a devoted husband and father'; 'devoted friends') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Loving . :Devotion :wnsense "devotedness1n", "devotion1n" ; :wordnet "devotedness", "devotion" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Devotion'' is a deep Feeling of ''Love'' applicable only to People and implying that the agent doing the loving would significantly more than effort to please or help the Person loved, more than for an average ''Love'' feeling (whatever that might be). This is *not* for 'devotion' to a job or activity or cause. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'devotion' in WordNet: 1. (2) devotion, devotedness - (feelings of ardent love; 'their devotion to each other was beautiful') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LovingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lover ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Devoted ] . :Devouring :en "devouring" ; :wnsense "devour3v", "devour4v", "wolf down1v" ; :wordnet "devour", "wolf down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Devouring'' is an EatingEvent that is performed more quicky and in larger amounts than the average ''EatingEvent''. Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'devour' in WordNet: 3. devour, down, consume, go through - (eat immoderately; 'Some people can down a pound of meat in the course of one meal') 4. devour, guttle, raven, pig - (eat greedily; 'he devoured three sandwiches') WN verb 'wolf down': 1. wolf, wolf down - (eat hastily; 'The teenager wolfed down the pizza') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dew :guid "c0fbae16-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; :wnsense "dew1n" ; :wordnet "dew" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is a substance, not an individual quantity of dew, and is in a film shape. A single drop of dew is an object, not the substance 'Dew', and consists of water. The sheet of dew on a windowpane is an object that consists of Dew (which means that is consists of water in a particular shape). Cyc: The water residue that one finds coating things outdoors in the morning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dew' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dew - (water that has condensed on a cool surface overnight from water vapor in the air; 'in the morning the grass was wet with dew') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :Residue, :Water-Fresh . :Dexterity :guid "bd58ae64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dexterity1n", "manual dexterity1n", "sleight1n" ; :wordnet "dexterity", "manual dexterity", "sleight" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dexterity'' is a state in which the Person who is the subject (a ''Person'') of that state is ''Dexterous'' in performing actions, especially with the hands. This can have different levels or degrees, not yet represented. #$Dexterity is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType for describing actions in which the performer's hands move accurately, quickly, and with economy of motion. Here is an example of the constant in use: (#$skillLevel #$JimiHendrix #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument #$performedBy #$Dexterity #$VeryHigh)). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dexterity' in WordNet: 1. dexterity, manual dexterity, sleight - (adroitness in using the hands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adroitness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dexterous ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :Dexterous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :Dexterity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inexperienced, :Unskilled ; :wnsense "deft1adj", "dexterous1adj", "dextrous1adj" ; :wordnet "deft", "dexterous", "dextrous" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Dexterous' is an attribute of people who are better than average at manipulating objects with the hands. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dexterous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) deft, dexterous, dextrous - (skillful in physical movements; especially of the hands; 'a deft waiter'; 'deft fingers massaged her face'; 'dexterous of hand and inventive of mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skilled, :Skillful . :Dextrose :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C6H12O6 ; :wnsense "dextrose1n" ; :wordnet "dextrose" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A carbohydrate with one ring, which is one of the two parts of common table sugar. This is the common dextrorotary form of ''GLucose'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dextrose' in WordNet: 1. dextrose, dextroglucose, grape sugar - (an isomer of glucose that is found in honey and sweet fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Glucose . :Diabetes :wnsense "diabetes1n" ; :wordnet "diabetes" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diabetes'' is a ''GeneticDisease'' . that causes increased urine production, and in some cases poorly regulated blood sugar levels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diabetes' in WordNet: 1. (1) diabetes - (any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, :MetabolicDisorder . :DiacriticalMark :wnsense "diacritic1n", "diacritical mark1n" ; :wordnet "diacritic", "diacritical mark" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DiacriticalMark' is a mark added to a letter of the alphabet to modify its pronunciation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diacritical mark' in WordNet: 1. diacritical mark, diacritic - (a mark added to a letter to indicate a special pronunciation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextMarking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalCharacter ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyAbove ] . :Diagnosing :guid "bd58d4de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diagnose1v", "diagnose2v", "diagnosing1n", "diagnosis1n", "name9v" ; :wordnet "diagnose", "diagnosing", "diagnosis", "name" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of processes; a subset of #$Evaluating. Each element of #$Diagnosing is an activity in which an agent figures out what is wrong with something. After a successful diagnosing, the performer has specific information about a discrepancy between the current state of the thing being diagnosed and the description it is supposed to match. Diagnosing may be accomplished only by observing,but it often involves some form of testing, so that EventType is reated to this type by the 'mayHaveSubEvent' relation. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'diagnose' in Wordnet: 1. (4) diagnose, name - (determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis) 2. (1) diagnose - (subject to a medical analysis) WN noun 'diagnosis': 1. (4) diagnosis, diagnosing - (identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingSomething, :Evaluating, :Recognizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TestingEvent ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Diagnostic :pertainsTo :Diagnosing, :DiagnosticProcedure ; :wnsense "diagnostic1adj" ; :wordnet "diagnostic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diagnostic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) diagnostic - (concerned with diagnosis; used for furthering diagnosis; 'a diagnostic clinic'; 'a diagnostic reading test'; 'diagnostic information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DiagnosticProcedure :wnsense "diagnostic procedure1n", "diagnostic technique1n" ; :wordnet "diagnostic procedure", "diagnostic technique" ; a :PlanType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DiagnosticProcedure'' is a 'Procedure' designed to detect and categorize any ''AilmentCondition'' in an Animal,usually a Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diagnostic procedure' in WordNet: 1. diagnostic procedure, diagnostic technique - (a procedure followed in making a medical diagnosis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diagnosing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diagnosing ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Diagonal :isAnAttributeValueOf :Line ; :wnsense "diagonal1adj" ; :wordnet "diagonal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diagonal'' is an attribute of lines that are not parallel or perpendicular relative to some reference line. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diagonal' in Wordnet: 1. (4) diagonal - (at an angle; especially connecting two nonadjacent corners of a plane figure or any two corners of a solid that are not in the same face; 'a diagonal line across the page') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure . :Diagram :guid "8f9b0e40-2cc6-11d8-9483-0007e9162f49" ; :wnsense "diagram1n" ; :wordnet "diagram" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Diagram' is an abstract drawing that represents multiple entities and the relations among them. The entities may be Objects such as PhysicalObjects, and the relations may be spatial, or the entities may be states or Events, and the relations may be temporal or causal. The kinds of things that can be represented by a Diagram are diverse, but all of them must fit into the category of a 'Specification' (which see). The restriction requires that the 'Specification' represented by explicitly specified. Each 'Diagram' will have some kind of physical representation, but in the initial stages that representation may only be in someone's brain - and that will still qualify as a 'Diagram'. NOTE that each Diagram has some GroupOfLines as a part, and may or may not have a Physical representation. (NOTE that each MentalObject must have a physical representation but we do not require that in this case as an integrity constraint.) @ToDo: this may be best represented as an abstract representation of a specification rather than a Specification.?? (no comment for 'Diagram' in OpenCyc) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diagram' in WordNet: 1. (6) diagram - (a drawing intended to explain how something works; a drawing showing the relation between the parts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, :VisualArtifact-CW, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Specification ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :LineDrawing ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfLines ] . :DialTelephone :guid "bd742a86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dial phone1n", "dial telephone1n" ; :wordnet "dial phone", "dial telephone" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of telephones. Each dial telephone has a rotary dial instead of a touch tone keypad for entering the number the user wishes to call. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dial telephone' in WordNet: 1. dial telephone, dial phone - (a telephone with a dial for registering the number to be called) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Telephone . :DialUpConnectionToAComputerNetwork :guid "bdf3ebfd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerNetworkConnection . :Dialect :wnsense "dialect1n", "idiom2n" ; :wordnet "dialect", "idiom" ; a :ActionType, :LanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: 'accent' as used here in the WN gloss is covered by type ''Accent''. The term 'accent' is omitted here, until examples can be found that indicate its use differently from ''Accent'' (a variation in pronunciation); perhaps 'accents' is the intended synonm? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dialect' in WordNet: 1. (6) dialect, idiom, accent - (the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people; 'the immigrants spoke an odd dialect of English'; 'he has a strong German accent'; 'it has been said that a language is a dialect with an army and navy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalLanguage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonStandardSpeech ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :DialingaTelephone :en "dial up", "dial-up" ; :wnsense "dial1v" ; :wordnet "dial" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DialingaTelephone'' is a subtype of 'ControllingSomething' in which the thing controlled is a ''Telephone'' and the function performed is to make a telephone call. This can be done on a rotary dial or a number pad, or by pressing the screen on a 'smart phone', or on a computer screen. NOTE: the gloss of sense 2 (included below) mentions a telephone, but dialing a telephone is explicitly represented in sense 1. Sense 2 should be a parent type, which could include dialing a channel on a radio or TV or other device.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dial' in WordNet: 1. (3) dial - (operate a dial to select a telephone number; 'You must take the receiver off the hook before you dial') 2. dial - (choose by means of a dial; 'dial a telephone number') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething . :Dialogue :wnsense "dialog1n", "dialogue1n", "duologue1n" ; :wordnet "dialog", "dialogue", "duologue" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Dialogue'' is a ''Discussion'' between two Persons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dialogue' in WordNet: 1. (3) dialogue, dialog, duologue - (a conversation between two persons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discussion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Couple ] . :Diameter :isAnAttributeValueOf :Circle ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "diameter1n" ; :wordnet "diameter" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that this is for a circle or two-dimensional figures or cross-sections approximating a circle, so that a ''Diameter'' is both a ''Length'' and a ''Width'', which should have approximately the same (for real-world objects) or identical values. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diameter' in WordNet: 1. (32) diameter, diam - (the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Length, :Width, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circle ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :Diamond :ldoce "diamond" ; :wnsense "diamond1n" ; :wordnet "diamond" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of gem-quality Diamond, faceted for use in jewelry. For diamond objects not gem quality, use objects consisting of DiamondSubstance. This is one of the 'Precious' stone types. NOTE that every ''Diamond'' is a ''PersonalPossession'' that is owned by some agent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diamond' in WordNet: 1. (3) diamond - - (a transparent piece of diamond that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gemstone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiamondSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Diamond-TheCard :guid "c0ad6654-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "diamond" ; :wnsense "diamond3n" ; :wordnet "diamond" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subcollection of #$PlayingCard that contains all of the cards which are diamonds. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'diamond' in WordNet: 3. diamond - - (a playing card in the minor suit that has one or more red rhombuses on it; 'he led a small diamond'; 'diamonds were trumps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingCard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diamonds ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Diamond1ct0735 :hasMassInGrams "0.20"^^xsd:float ; :hasPrice :FiveThousandDollars ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :Diamond ; rdfs:comment """An imaginary instance of a 1-carat diamond. """ . :DiamondShape :en "diamond", "lozenge", "rhombus" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DiamondShape'' is a parallelogram that is not necessarily equilateral and is oriented with two of the points up and down. This is also called a ''lozenge' in typesetting. More complex 2-D diamond shapes with five sides are not yet represented RHW 'diamond': 8. an equilateral quadrilateral, esp. as placed with its diagonals vertical and horizontal; a lozenge or rhombus. None of those terms are in WN in this sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parallelogram, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasNumberOfSides ] . :DiamondSubstance :guid "be00b650-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasHardnessInMohs "10"^^xsd:int ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Hard ; :ldoce "diamond" ; :wnsense "diamond2n" ; :wordnet "diamond" ; a :ElementType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Diamond the substance. For Diamond the clear sparkling object, use 'Diamond'. SUMO: Crystalline Carbon that is valued as a gem and used in industrial applications. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'diamond' in WordNet: 2. (2) diamond, adamant - - (very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrittleSubstance, :Carbon, :GemStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Diamonds a :CardSuitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spades'' is one of the four subtypes of ''CardSuit''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardSuit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Diamond-TheCard ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :DianeCassidy :hasAttribute ; :hasGender :FemaleSex ; :hasHusband :PatrickCassidy ; :hasMassInGrams "60000"^^xsd:float ; :hasPostalAddress ; :hasSpouse :PatrickCassidy ; :isaCitizenOf :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :performsAction :MarriageOfPatAndDianeCassidy ; :speaksLanguage :EnglishLanguage ; :wasTheAgentInAction :CookingForCassidyDinner20080523, :MarriageOfPatAndDianeCassidy ; a :Cook, :FemalePerson, :HumanAdult, :LivingPerson, :Spouse, :Wife ; rdfs:comment """Note the values of the restrictions that are required by parent types such as 'PurposefulAction'.""", "is the wife of PatrickCassidy." . :DianeMovingHerHand1986 a :Motion . :Diaper :wnsense "diaper1n", "napkin2n", "nappy1n" ; :wordnet "diaper", "napkin", "nappy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Can also be worn by incontinent adults. 'nappy' is British usage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diaper' in Wordnet: 1. (1) diaper, nappy, napkin - (garment consisting of a folded cloth drawn up between the legs and fastened at the waist; worn by infants to catch excrement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Underwear . :Diarrhea :guid "c0fd472d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diarrhea1n" ; :wordnet "diarrhea" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Abnormally frequent or liquid bowel movements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diarrhea' in Wordnet: 1. (9) diarrhea, diarrhoea, looseness of the bowels, looseness - (frequent and watery bowel movements; can be a symptom of infection or food poisoning or colitis or a gastrointestinal tumor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition . :Diary :guid "bd58d4e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diary1n", "journal1n" ; :wordnet "diary", "journal" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Narrative'' of Events in the life of one Person, composed by that Person on a periodical basis, ideally at least once every day. This is the abstract 'Diary', which may be recorded in one or more physical books. As an abstract work, everyone can 'read' 'The Diary of Anne Frank' without traveling to Europe. CYC 'Diary' is the hard copy, this is the abstract Diary. The collection of diaries - journals of personal happenings, usually kept private or shared only among intimate friends, until you're dead. Then, if you're famous, it becomes public knowledge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diary' in WordNet: 1. (3) diary, journal - (a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narrative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Real ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Diary-Physical :guid "bd58d4e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diary2n" ; :wordnet "diary" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Diary-Physical'' is a ''Notebook'' that starts with many blank pages, which are filled with a PhysicalRepresentation of a ''Diary'', a record of activites or experiences of a Person. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'diary' in WordNet: 2. diary - (a personal journal (as a physical object)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Notebook, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingByHand ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diary ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Diaspora :wnsense "diaspora1n" ; :wordnet "diaspora" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Diaspora'' comprise the ''Jews'' descended from the Israelites who were forced out of Palestine in 586 BC and never returned to Israel. A more general type of 'migrants' could be added for any group whose ancestors left their original homeland. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diaspora' in WordNet: 1. diaspora - (the body of Jews (or Jewish communities) outside Palestine or modern Israel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfPeople, :Majority, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jews ; owl:onProperty :isTheMajorityOf ] . :Diatom :guid "bd58a55b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diatom1n" ; :wordnet "diatom" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diatom''s can have aesthetically pleasing shapes, viewable under a microscope.: From Wikipedia: Diatoms have two distinct shapes: a few (centric diatoms) are radially symmetric, while most (pennate diatoms) are broadly bilaterally symmetric. A unique feature of diatom anatomy is that they are surrounded by a cell wall made of silica (hydrated silicon dioxide), called a frustule. And more from Wikipedia: Diatoms are a major group of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world. Living diatoms number in the trillions: they generate about 20 percent of the oxygen produced on the planet each year, take in over 6.7 billion metric tons of silicon each year from the waters in which they live, and contribute nearly half of the organic material found in the oceans. The shells of dead diatoms can reach as much as a half mile deep on the ocean floor, and the entire Amazon basin is fertilized annually by 27 million tons of diatom shell dust transported by east-to-west (easterly) transatlantic winds from the bed of a dried up lake once covering much of the African Sahara. RHW: any of numerous microscopic, unicellular, marine or freshwater algae of the phylum Chrysophyta, having cell walls containing silica. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diatom' in WordNet: 1. (1) diatom - (microscopic unicellular marine or freshwater colonial alga having cell walls impregnated with silica) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alga . :Diazepam :guid "bd5e6902-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C16H13ClN2O ; :wnsense "Valium1n", "diazepam1n" ; :wordnet "Valium", "diazepam" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diazepam'' is a chemical compound which is used as a sedative. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diazepam' in WordNet: 1. diazepam, Valium - (a tranquilizer (trade name Valium) used to relieve anxiety and relax muscles; acts by enhancing the inhibitory actions of the neurotransmitter GABA; can also be used as an anticonvulsant drug in cases of nerve agent poisoning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sedative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anxiety ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnxietyDisorder ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :DiceGame :en "play dice", "playing dice" ; :wnsense "dice2v" ; :wordnet "dice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A game that is played solely with a ''PairOfDice'', throwing the dice on a surface, and receiving a ''GameScore' that is the the sum of values of the number of dots (1 to 6) on the top surface of each of the two dice. RHW 'dice': 3. any of various games, esp. gambling games, played by shaking and throwing from two to six dice or poker dice onto a flat surface. Cf. craps. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dice' in WordNet: 2. dice - (play dice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfDice ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfDice ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :DiceThrowScore :en "craps score", "dice throw score" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DiceThrowScore'' is an individual 'GameScore' in the game of ''Craps'', being the sum of the number of dots on the top surface of each of the two dice of the ''PairOfDice'' thrown in one throw of the dice. In ''Craps'', a ''DiceThrowScore'' of two (''SnakeEyes'') or twelve (''Boxcars'') is an automatic loss, and a ''DiceThrowScore'' of seven is a win. Any other score requires additional throws to determine if the player wins or loses. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameScore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PositiveInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasRepresentation ] . :Dichotomy :wnsense "dichotomy1n", "duality1n" ; :wordnet "dichotomy", "duality" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dichotomy'' is a ''Classification'' in which there are only two first-level ''Type''s (categories), not counting any possible subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dichotomy' in WordNet: 1. dichotomy, duality - (being twofold; a classification into two opposed parts or subclasses; \"the dichotomy between eastern and western culture\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Classification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Type ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :DicingaFoodObject :wnsense "cube2v", "dice1v" ; :wordnet "cube", "dice" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DicingaFoodObject'' is the Action of cutting some solid food object into small cubes, less than 2 cm wide. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dice' in WordNet: 1. cube, dice - (cut into cubes; \"cube the cheese\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CubeShapedObject ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :DicotSubclass :guid "bd58e3ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dicot1n", "dicotyledon1n", "exogen1n", "magnoliopsid1n" ; :wordnet "dicot", "dicotyledon", "exogen", "magnoliopsid" ; a :BiologicalSubclass, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of the two subclasses in the angiosperm class. Includes taxa whose members usually have two cotyledons in the embryo phase, may have a cambium, and usually have broad leaves with branching veins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dicot' in WordNet: 1. dicot, dicotyledon, magnoliopsid, exogen - (flowering plant with two cotyledons; the stem grows by deposit on its outside) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :Dictation :en "dictating", "take dictation" ; :wnsense "dictate2v", "dictation1\\2n" ; :wordnet "dictate", "dictation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dictation'' is a ''Speaking'' Event in which one person Speaks something to another, and the listener writes (or types) what is spoken, to record it in writing. In a business context the listener is often a secretary or a 'stenographer' but that latter occupation has become uncommon with electronic devices that can perform much of the same function. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dictate' in WordNet: 2. (1) dictate - (say out loud for the purpose of recording; 'He dictated a report to his secretary') WN noun 'dictation': 2. dictation - (speech intended for reproduction in writing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :Exclamation ] . :Dictator :wnsense "dictator2n", "potentate1n" ; :wordnet "dictator", "potentate" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Dictator'' is both ''HeadOfState'' and ''HeadOfGovernment'' and rules like an ''Authoritarian''. A ''Dictator'' typically is 'above the law' in having ''ImmunityFromLegalPunishment''. See ''\"Totalitarianism'' form of Government - Specification govern, rule Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dictator' in WordNet: 2. dictator, potentate - (a ruler who is unconstrained by law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authoritarian, :HeadOfGovernment, :HeadOfState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oppressing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImmunityFromLegalPunishment ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Dictionary :guid "bd58ca5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dictionary" ; :wnsense "dictionary1n" ; :wordnet "dictionary" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A list of the words in a language and their meanings. A dictionary may also include information on grammatical properties, pronunciations, and usage of words (or terms). Cyc: The collection of all dictionaries: works that contain information about words and their definitions. WOrdnet noun sense 1: NOTE: WordNet does not distinguish between the physical book and the abstract content. This sense is the abstract content. in WordNet: 1. (52) dictionary, lexicon - (a reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with information about them) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndexedInformationSource, :KnowledgeOrganizationSystem, :ReferenceWork . :DictionaryDefinition :wnsense "definition1n" ; :wordnet "definition" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DictionaryDefinition' is a Definition using ordinary human language describing the meaning of some word or short phrase. It is typically part of a Dictionary, but one can have a 'DictionaryDefinition' that stands alone, or in a glossary. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'definition' in WordNet: 1. (13) definition - (a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Definition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dictionary ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Word :Phrase ) ] ] . :DidNotHappenEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DidNotHappenEvent' is an Event in which some Event that might have occured, or nearly occurred, did not in fact occur. One type of such an Event is 'Failing'; another is 'Missing' (e.g. missing a target). This type of Event can occur naturally, but most subtypes are some form of inaction by an Agent, which is itself a type of ''Action''. ''Inaction'' itself is *intentional* inaction, so the subtypes of this type that are Actions but unintentional will not be subtypes of ''Inaction'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ] . :Die-GamePiece :wnsense "die1n" ; :wordnet "die" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of small cubical objects marked with one to six dots on each face, usually used as a pair of dice in craps or many other games of chance. WordNet conflates the individual 'die' and the pair; see ''PairOfDice''for the pair. @ToDo: represent the six 'faces'. With their spots. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'die' in WordNet: 1. (6) dice, die - (small cubes with 1 to 6 spots on the faces; used to generate random numbers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GamePiece, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cube ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :DiedIn1616 :asOf "DTEG1617"^^xsd:string ; a :Dead . :DiedInaFiction a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute 'DiedInaFiction' specifies that an Animal (including people) was alive at the beginning of the period recounted in a work of fiction, but died before the ending. The work of fiction can be a series, and the character may survive any number of installments before being killed off; if the context specified is that series, such a character can have the vitality attribute 'DiedInaFiction'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :DieselEngine :guid "bd589216-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diesel engine1n", "diesel motor1n", "diesel2n" ; :wordnet "diesel", "diesel engine", "diesel motor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: DieselEngine is the subclass of InternalCombustionEngines that use DieselFuel as their resource. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diesel engine' in WordNet: 1. diesel, diesel engine, diesel motor - (an internal-combustion engine that burns heavy oil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalCombustionEngine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DieselFuel ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :DieselFuel :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; :wnsense "diesel fuel1n", "diesel oil1n" ; :wordnet "diesel fuel", "diesel oil" ; a :LiquidFuelSubstanceType, :PetroleumProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalSubstance consisting of medium-boiling linear or branch-chained Hydrocarbons, suitable for use as fuel in engines that inject fueldirectly into an engine cylinder, as in Diesel engines. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diesel oil' in WordNet: 1. diesel oil, diesel fuel - (a heavy mineral oil used as fuel in diesel engines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Hydrocarbons, :LiquidSubstance, :PetroleumProduct-Refined, :VehicleFuel . :DieselLocomotive :en "diesel" ; :enn "diesel" ; :wnsense "diesel locomotive1n" ; :wordnet "diesel locomotive" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE the term 'diesel' may be used as a shortened form, as in RHW 'diesel': 4. a vehicle powered by a diesel engine Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diesel locomotive' in WordNet: 1. diesel locomotive - (a locomotive driven by a diesel engine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RailroadTrainEngine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DieselEngine ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DieselEngine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DieselFuel ; owl:onProperty :consumesSubstance ] . :DietCoke :en "diet Coke" ; :enn "diet Coke" ; :guid "bd589201-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of the sugarless version of The Real Thing. diet Coke """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CocaCola, :DietSoftDrink . :DietSoftDrink :en "diet soda" ; :enn "diet soda" ; :guid "9387f058-54aa-41d7-9f32-865b80d39c4c" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sugar free (usually) soda pop. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SodaPop, :SugarFreeEdibleStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SugarFree ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dietary :pertainsTo :ConsumingFoodOrDrink, :Dieting, :DietingForWeightLoss ; :wnsense "dietary1adj", "dietetic1adj", "dietetical1adj" ; :wordnet "dietary", "dietetic", "dietetical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dietary'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to ''Dieting'' and to ''ConsumingFoodOrDrink'' in general. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dietary' in Wordnet: 1. (4) dietary, dietetic, dietetical - (of or relating to the diet; 'dietary restrictions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DietaryDeficiencyCondition :guid "c0fd5773-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dietary deficiency condition1n" ; :wordnet "dietary deficiency condition" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of physiological conditions brought on by consuming less of a nutrient than the body requires. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Malnutrition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nutrient ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ] . :Dieting :en "dieting" ; :guid "bd58d491-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diet1v", "diet2v" ; :wordnet "diet" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the purposeful directing of one's food intake for a particular purpose, not necessarily weight loss. Dieting could include eating in order to reduce salt intake, or increase muscle, not necessarily to reduce calories or fat. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'diet' in Wordnet: 1. diet - (follow a regimen or a diet, as for health reasons; 'He has high blood pressure and must stick to a low-salt diet') 2. diet - (eat sparingly, for health reasons or to lose weight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, :SingleDoerAction . :DietingForWeightLoss :guid "bd58eecf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diet4n", "dieting1n" ; :wordnet "diet", "dieting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Dieting is an activity that spans days, weeks, or months, in which the type of food and drink consumed is healthier and/or the amount is smaller. Disciplined form of eating in which the eater carefully controls what is eaten. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dieting' in WordNet: 1. diet, dieting - (the act of restricting your food intake (or your intake of particular foods)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dieting . :Difference :ldoce "difference" ; :wnsense "difference1n" ; :wordnet "difference" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Difference is an AttributeValue of a ''LinearlyOrderedPair'' of entities, which is represented as a ''LinearlyOrderedPair'' of AttributeValues that differ between those entities, with the ordering of the Attributes being the same as the ordering of the pair being compared. The entities being compared may consist of the diachronically same entity at different times (the entities may be instances of TimeSlice). The differences of the elements of the OrderedPair being compared are specified by instantiating a ''Difference'' with the AttributeValues that are different specified for each element in order (''hasFirstElement'', 'hasSecondElement'') The relation ''hasAttributeType'' can be used to point to the general type of attribute (Length, Color, Weight) in which the differing elements differ. In that case, only the values of the Attributes need be specified as the two elements of the Difference. Alternatively, if the values of the differing attributes are clear without using an AttributeType, the two elements can be specified without use of the ''hasAttributeType'' in the instantiated difference. NOTE that this 'Difference' can be qualitative, not just quantitative, as this general concept cannot be expressed as a single number. When the difference is a single number rerpresenting the quantitative difference of commensurate quantities, that difference can be specified by using a ''QuantitativeDifference'' as the type of difference intended. See ''QuantitativeDifference'' for further discussion. See also 'AttributeComparison' for a similar type that can express differences, but with additional flexibility. The Difference is formally an Attribute, and therefore each Difference must specify the AttributeType (Color, Length) within which the comparison is being made. The value of the Difference is contained within an OrderedPair of Attributes, but may be expressed differently depending on whether the values being compared are quantitative and commensurate. A Difference in commensurate QuantitativeAttributeValues can be expressed linguistically as a single QuantitativeAttributeValue of the same dimension ('they differ by six inches in height'). **NOTE** that, as an Attribute, it would be possible to specify the value using a 'hasValue' relation; following the representation chosen here, that AttributeValue should be an OrderedPair of the two AttributeValues being compared. However, for convenience, this layer of indirection is not represented, and the two components of the AttributeValue are specified directly by making the Difference itself an OrderedPair, and using the 'hasFirstElement' and 'hasSecondElement' relations to identify the two components of the value. IF this proves confusing or logically problematic, it can be changed back to a representation consistent with other Attribute representations. (v0.50, rev 679) ** For differences between commensurable quantitative attributes, the difference between pair {a, b} will be attr(a) - attr(b) (the attribute value of first element minus the second). **NOTE** this would require a function in an FOL version. @ToDo: add the function. This would be an instance of 'BinaryFunction'. ** For qualitative attributes or relations, the Difference consists of a group of one or more paired AttributeValues, one pair for each type of AttributeValue or Relation for which the value differs. Linguistically a qualitative difference can be expressed thus: if, for the pair {a, b} if a is red and b is blue, one may say 'a is red but b is blue'. NOTE that in order to be considered as a 'Difference' the pairs of AttributeValues constituting each difference must consist of AttributeValues that are disjoint from each other, which in general means that they must be of identical or commensurate AttributeType. To say that 'A is 5 feet long and Y is red' does not specify a legitimate Difference between X and Y. The AttributeValues that differ must shape a common AttributeType, and that AttributeType must be specified using the 'hasAttributeType' relation on each instance of 'Difference'.. If there are no attribute values or relations that differ, the two entities might actually be identical - but if they have different locations, two entities will not be mathematically (logically) identical even if the locations are not specified in the description of the entities. The problem in deciding identity from a list of differences is that one never knows that *all* properties of two entities are known to be compared. Quantum mechanical issues create additional complications in comparisons at the subatomic level. A difference is one or more pairs of Attributes, qualitative or quantitative, that is derived as the result of a comparison process between one or more attributes of two entities, or between that attribute of a single entity after some period of time, as after an Event. A comparison process may also result in a partially complementary list of similarities (see 'Similarity'). There is no exact WordNet concept that expresses this meaning, but this is closest to WordNet sense 1 of 'difference: WN: the quality of being unlike or dissimilar; 'there are many differences between jazz and rock' WN-N04692996: sense 1 of 'difference' in WN 2.1. In the case of wordnet sense 1, it appears that this is intended to represent an overall difference, which could be a set of differences between two entities.There is, however, no other sense of 'difference' in WordNet that is more general, so this sense is assigned the most general 'difference' A common-sense problem arises when we classify a difference as merely an attribute which expresses the result of 'subtracting' one attribute value from another. If there is no difference, this result constitutes both a difference (value = 0) and a similarity (i.e. no difference). This is counterintuitive, from a linguistic point of view. Accordingly, though logically a 'similarity' could be classified as merely a 'small difference', the term 'similarity' will not be arranged as a subtype of 'Difference', but directly under 'AttributeValue', as is 'Difference'. To 'compare and contrast' two entities, both the similarities and the differences might be listed. This corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'difference' in WordNet: 1. (77) difference - (the quality of being unlike or dissimilar; 'there are many differences between jazz and rock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :LinearlyOrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AttributeTypeType ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeType ] . :DifferenceInSocialStates :en "difference in social states" ; :enn "difference in social states" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''DifferenceInSocialStates'' specifies the ''Disparity'' between two specific ''GroupOfPeople''s, specifying the ''SocialState'' of each. NOTE: if the ''SocialState''s referenced are quantitative measures such as average income, the ''Difference'' can be represented as a ''QuantitativeDifference'' (which see). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference, :LinearlyOrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SocialState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SocialState ] . :DifferenceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Difference as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType . :DifferenceValue :wnsense "difference1n" ; :wordnet "difference" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DifferenceValue' is a QuantitativeAttributeValue for any AttributeType for which the corresponding AttributeValue can be experssed as a pair (quantifier, UnitOfMeasure). This can be used to specify the exact magnitude of the difference between two commensurate AttributeValues expressed in the same units of measure. This corresponds most closely to part of noun sense 1 of 'difference' in WordNet (see also 'Difference'): in WordNet: 1. (77) difference - (the quality of being unlike or dissimilar; 'there are many differences between jazz and rock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :Different :isAnAttributeValueOf :Group ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BeingDifferent ; :ldoce "different" ; :wnsense "different5adj" ; :wordnet "different" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Different' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for some Group (often a Pair) of entities. This should be interpreted as meaning that the two (or more) entities are not identical (are not the same individual), and the same notion can be represented by linking the two entities by an 'owl:differentFrom' relation. This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 5 of 'different' in WordNet: 5. (1) different - (distinct or separate; 'each interviewed different members of the community') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Differential :pertainsTo :Difference ; :wnsense "differential1adj" ; :wordnet "differential" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Differential'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to some kind of ''Difference'', which may be a difference in behavior toward different types of things such as people or groups of people. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'differential' in Wordnet: 1. (1) differential - (relating to or showing a difference; \"differential treatment\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DifferentialEquation :wnsense "differential equation1n" ; :wordnet "differential equation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DifferentialEquation is an Equation in which at least one of the related terms contains a derivative. @ToDo: derivatives have not yet (v 0.50) been represented in COSMO. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'differential equation' in WordNet: 1. (7) differential equation - (an equation containing differentials of a function) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equation . :DifferentialTimeEquation a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An DifferentialTimeEquation is an Equation in which at least one of the related terms contains some derivative. with respect to time. @ToDo: derivatives have not yet (v 0.50) been represented in COSMO.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DifferentialEquation, :TimeIndexedAssertion . :Differentiation :en "find the derivative", "finding the derivative", "take the derivative", "taking the derivative" ; :wnsense "differentiation2n" ; :wordnet "differentiation" ; a :EventType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Differentiation'' is a ''MathematicalProcedure'' by which some 'derivative' (first, second, etc.) can be found. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'differentiation' in WordNet: 2. (1) differentiation - (the mathematical process of obtaining the derivative of a function) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalProcedure . :Difficult :isTheOppositeOf :EasyToDo ; :ldoce "difficult", "hard" ; :wnsense "difficult1adj", "difficult2adj", "hard1adj" ; :wordnet "difficult", "hard" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of Actions that are not EasyToDo or easy to endure for the average adult. For 'difficult' physically use subtype ''Arduous'' Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'difficult' and sese 1 of 'hard' in WordNet: 1. (65) difficult, hard - - (not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure; 'a difficult task'; 'nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access'; 'difficult times'; 'a difficult child'; 'found himself in a difficult situation'; 'why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?') 2. (1) difficult - (requiring much effort and trouble; 'the mountain climb was long, steep, and difficult') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DifficultGoal :en "difficult goal" ; :enn "difficult goal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DifficultGoal'' is a ''GoalSituation'' that requires considerable effort to achieve, and may be long-term. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoalSituation, :Result, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Difficult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DifficultSituation :ldoce "difficulty" ; :wnsense "difficulty3n" ; :wordnet "difficulty" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any situation (PersistentState) in which an Agent has , some non-trivial problem to solve. In general, this type should be used for situations where there is no guarantee that the problem will be solved, and that not solving the problem will be a bad thing for the Agent. This situation is itself a bad thing because of the difficulty and the actual or potential negative outcome. This type does not yet represent the notion of levels or degrees of difficulty. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'difficulty' in WordNet: 3. (11) difficulty - (a condition or state of affairs almost beyond one's ability to deal with and requiring great effort to bear or overcome; 'grappling with financial difficulties') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :PersonalCircumstances, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Difficult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bad ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DifficultTask :wnsense "large order1n", "tall order1n" ; :wordnet "large order", "tall order" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DifficultTask'' is a ''Task'' is relatively difficult, i.e. not EasyToDo for most people. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tall order' in WordNet: 1. tall order, large order - (a formidable task or requirement; 'finishing in time was a tall order but we did it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Task, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Difficult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DifficultToUnderstand :isTheOppositeOf :Clear ; :ldoce "incomprehensible", "mysterious" ; :wnsense "cryptic1adj", "cryptical1adj", "deep13adj", "incomprehensible1adj", "incomprehensible2adj", "inexplicable1adj", "inscrutable1adj", "mysterious1adj", "mysterious2adj", "mystifying1adj", "obscure1adj", "uncomprehensible1adj", "vague1adj" ; :wordnet "cryptic", "cryptical", "deep", "incomprehensible", "inexplicable", "inscrutable", "mysterious", "mystifying", "obscure", "uncomprehensible", "vague" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions which are even more difficult to understand than one that is ''Unclear''. .This is an EvaluativeAttribute because texts that are incomprehensible to some people may be easy for others to understand, and there are different degrees of incomprehensibility. Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'mysterious' in WordNet, but does not include the sense of 'the inscrutable workings of Providence' which is represented by 'Mysterious'; also includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'incomprehensible in WN (sense 1 is a deeper level of incomprehensibility than sense 2); and includes sense 1 of 'cryptic' in WordNet: WN 'mysterious' 1. (14) cryptic, cryptical, deep, inscrutable, mysterious, mystifying - (of an obscure nature; 'the new insurance policy is written without cryptic or mysterious terms'; 'a deep dark secret'; 'the inscrutable workings of Providence'; 'in its mysterious past it encompasses all the dim origins of life'- Rachel Carson; 'rituals totally mystifying to visitors from other lands') WN 'incomprehensible: 1. (1) inexplicable, incomprehensible - (incapable of being explained or accounted for; 'inexplicable errors'; 'left the house at three in the morning for inexplicable reasons') 2. (1) incomprehensible, uncomprehensible - (difficult to understand; 'the most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is comprehensible'- A. Einstein) WN 'cryptic' 1. (2) cryptic, cryptical, deep, inscrutable, mysterious, mystifying - (of an obscure nature; 'the new insurance policy is written without cryptic or mysterious terms'; 'a deep dark secret'; 'the inscrutable workings of Providence'; 'in its mysterious past it encompasses all the dim origins of life'- Rachel Carson; 'rituals totally mystifying to visitors from other lands') WN adj 'obscure': 1. (4) obscure, vague - (not clearly understood or expressed; 'an obscure turn of phrase'; 'an impulse to go off and fight certain obscure battles of his own spirit'-Anatole Broyard; 'their descriptions of human behavior become vague, dull, and unclear'- P.A.Sorokin; 'vague...forms of speech...have so long passed for mysteries of science'- John Locke) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unclear . :Difficulty :ldoce "difficulty" ; :wnsense "difficulty1n" ; :wordnet "difficulty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Difficulty' is an 'ExertingEffort' Action that requires more than average 'ExertingEffort' - such that it comes close to the limit of ability of the one performing the Action. Such actions have the quality of being 'Difficult'. This will often be used as a type in addition to another Action verb, and may be expressed linguistically as 'with effort' or 'with difficulty'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'difficulty' in WordNet: 1. (18) trouble, difficulty - (an effort that is inconvenient; 'I went to a lot of trouble'; 'he won without any trouble'; 'had difficulty walking'; 'finished the test only with great difficulty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExertingEffort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Difficult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Diffusing :en "diffusing", "spreading", "spreading out" ; :wnsense "diffuse1v", "diffusion1n", "diffusion4n", "spread out1v", "spread8v" ; :wordnet "diffuse", "diffusion", "spread", "spread out" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This type includes both transitive events in which something is scattered by an agent, as well as inrtansitive events, in which some substance or substance-like material (a quantity of granular material) diffuses by its own internal mechanism (motile bacteria, Brownian motion) troughout some region or some PhysicalObject (as in the diffusion of pathogens inside an organism). This is physical diffusion of objects or substances, or sound waves not for diffusion of information. See subtype 'scattering stuff' for an Action in which an agent diffuses some stuff. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'diffuse' and noun sense 1 and 4 of 'diffusion' in WordNet: 1. (1) diffuse, spread, spread out, fan out - (move outward; 'The soldiers fanned out') WN noun 'diffusion': 1. (9) diffusion - ((physics) the process of diffusing; the intermingling of molecules in gases and liquids as a result of random thermal agitation) 4. dispersion, dispersal, dissemination, diffusion - (the act of dispersing or diffusing something; 'the dispersion of the troops'; 'the diffusion of knowledge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationProcess, :Translation-MultiTrajectory . :DigestionEvent :guid "bd588d98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "digest1v", "digestion2n" ; :wordnet "digest", "digestion" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent and #$TranslationAlongInternalLivingStructure. Each instance of #$DigestionEvent is a process in which a single animal converts food into substances that can be assimilated by the body. This collection should not be confused with #$DigestingInStomach, each instance of which occurs only in an instance of #$Stomach; an instance of #$DigestionEvent spans the whole #$DigestiveSystem, from start to finish. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'digest' in WordNet: 1. (1) digest - (convert food into absorbable substances; 'I cannot digest milk products') WN noun 'dgestion': 2. digestion - (the organic process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed into the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDecompositionEvent, :BiologicalProductionEvent, :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary . :DigestiveJuice :wnsense "digestive fluid1n", "digestive juice1n" ; :wordnet "digestive fluid", "digestive juice" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DigestiveJuice'' is a ''Succus' (a juice) that is secreted to aid digestion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'digestive juice' in WordNet: 1. digestive juice, digestive fluid - (secretions that aid digestion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Succus . :DiggingAHole :en "digging" ; :guid "bd589527-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dig" ; :typicallyOccursAt :LandArea ; :wnsense "dig2v" ; :wordnet "dig" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: for digging holes in the ground. Cyc: A collection of events. In each #$DiggingAHole, one or more agents (usually #$Animals) removes material from some substrate (such as the soil), so that a hole is formed. If the digger is a person, tools or heavy equipment may be used; other organisms just use their claws, snouts, etc. A borderline case of this concept occurs when a plant's roots grow. Another borderline case occurs when an animal finds an existing hole and enlarges it. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dig' in WordNet: 2. (5) dig, dig out - (create by digging; 'dig a hole'; 'dig out a channel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiggingInTheGround, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoleInTheGround ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :DiggingInTheGround :ldoce "dig" ; :typicallyOccursAt :LandArea ; :wnsense "dig1v", "dig2v", "digging1n" ; :wordnet "dig", "digging" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Digging any shaped cavity in the ground, including furrows and holes. Includes intransitive and transitive senses. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'dig' and part of noun sense 1 of 'digging' (including small digs) in WordNet: 1. (9) dig, delve, cut into, turn over - (turn up, loosen, or remove earth; 'Dig we must'; \"turn over the soil for aeration\") 2. (5) dig, dig out - (create by digging; 'dig a hole'; 'dig out a channel') WN noun 'digging': 1. excavation, digging, dig - (the act of digging; 'there's an interesting excavation going on near Princeton') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConveyingMaterials, :PhysicalCreationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoleInTheGround ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :DiggingaMilitaryTrench :guid "bf603206-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :typicallyOccursAt :LandArea ; :wnsense "dig in1v", "entrench3v" ; :wordnet "dig in", "entrench" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DiggingaMilitaryTrench'' is a ''DiggingaTrench'' performed by soldiers in a combat area, usually at or near the front lines. Cyc: 'Digging-Trench': #$Digging-Trench is an instance of #$MilitaryEventType-Fundamental and a specialization of #$MilitaryEvent and #$DiggingAHole. Each instance of #$Digging-Trench involves a military unit digging a #$Trench, which would protect and hide friendly troops from the enemy. Unlike a mere hole, a trench is long, narrow, and usually steep-sided. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'entrench' in WordNet: 3. entrench, dig in - (occupy a trench or secured area; 'The troops dug in for the night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiggingaTrench, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CombatZone ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soldier ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :DiggingaTrench :en "digging" ; :ldoce "dig" ; :typicallyOccursAt :LandArea ; :wnsense "dig2v" ; :wordnet "dig" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Usage differs from CYC, where a 'trench' is a military 'trench' position. This COSMO type is a ''Diggingintheground'' where the result is not a ''HoleInTheGround'' that is deeper than it is wide, but a 'Trench' that is at least as wide as it is deep. The absolute size of the 'trench' can be small, such as a 8-inch trench for planting some plants, or very large such as the open-pit mines that can be a mile wide. The pupose need not be to create a ''Trench'' that will itself be useful, but could be just to move the soil to get access to the resources underneath. The military trench-digging in a CombatZone is represented as the subtype ''DiggingaMilitaryTrench''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dig' in WordNet: 2. (5) dig, dig out - (create by digging; 'dig a hole'; 'dig out a channel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiggingInTheGround, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trench ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Digit-AnatomicalPart :guid "bf32c3fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "digit3n" ; :wordnet "digit" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart. Present on each instance of a #$Bird, #$Bat-Mammal, or other #$Vertebrate. SUMO (DigitAppendage) Any of the extremities of Limbs that are found in the higer Vertebrates and the Amphibians. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'digit' in WordNet: 3. digit, dactyl - (a finger or toe in human beings or corresponding body part in other vertebrates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limb-AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :DigitAppendage :isaSynonymOf :Digit-AnatomicalPart ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO equivalent of 'Digit-AnatomicalPart'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :DigitNail :wnsense "nail1n" ; :wordnet "nail" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'DigitNail' is either a fingernail or a toenail. This sense of 'nail' should be used only if it is not clear whether a ''Fingernail'' or ''Toenail'' is intended. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nail' in WordNet: 1. (3) nail - (horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :Nail-AnimalBodyPart . :Digital :pertainsTo :DigitalCamera, :DigitalComputer, :DigitalDevice, :DigitalDisplay, :DigitalInformationBearingObject, :EmbeddedComputer ; :wnsense "digital1n" ; :wordnet "digital" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Digital''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''DigitalComputer''s and its subtypes other devices that depend on some embeeded digital computational device, such as a ''DigitaCamera''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'digital' in WordNet: 1. (2) digital - (of a circuit or device that represents magnitudes in digits; 'digital computer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DigitalCamcorder :guid "bd799540-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of digital cameras used to record moving images." ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalCamera . :DigitalCamera :guid "be7b09d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "digital camera1n" ; :wordnet "digital camera" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory and a specialization of #$ElectronicDevice. Each instance of #$DigitalCamera is a #$Camera that records images using #$ComputerMemory rather than on (e.g.) #$PhotographicFilm. Specializations include #$StillCamera-Digital and #$DigitalCamcorder. These days almost any DigitalCamera can capture video images as well as still images, so a'camcorder' should be reserved for those that only capture video images. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'digital camera' in WordNet: 1. digital camera - (a camera that encodes an image digitally and store it for later reproduction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Camera, :DigitalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalPhotograph ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :DigitalComputer :guid "bd58d7cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "computer" ; :wnsense "digital computer1n" ; :wordnet "digital computer" ; a :AgentType, :ComputingDeviceType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: This is for electronic digital computers. Cyc: A specialization of #$ComputationalSystem, #$ElectronicDevice, and #$ComputerHardwareItem. Each instance of #$Computer is an electronic device that acts on input according to some set of instructions (often in the form of software - see #$ComputerProgram-CW) producing some output. Instances of #$Computer have specialized parts to handle input and output (sometimes peripherals like screens and keyboards, sometimes just input-output terminals on a chip), storage (internal memory and external storage such as disk drives), and reasoning (see #$CentralProcessingUnit). The more specialized collection #$PersonalComputer is the collection of the popular archetypes of what a computer is (e.g., desktop, laptop, and palm computers); however, instances of #$Computer are incorporated into many devices (e.g., cars, cameras, and VCRs). Hydraulic computers, analog computers, biological computers, etc. are not instances of this collection because #$Computer is a specialization of #$ElectronicDevice. For some reason, WN does not include 'computer' as a synonym,but that term is more frequently used than 'digital computer' - indeed, 'computer' usually assumes 'digital computer' (analog computer is a retronym?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'digital computer' in WordNet: 1. digital computer - (a computer that represents information by numerical (binary) digits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Computer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CentralProcessingUnit ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :DigitalDevice a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DigitalDevice'' is a Device whose operation *depends* at least in part on a DigitalComputer (which can be an ''EmbeddedComputer''). Automobiles with essential embedded computers are 'digital' by this definition, though they are also 'mechanical' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Digital ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DigitalDisplay a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DigitalDisplay' is a 'DisplayDevice' (usually a component of a larger device) that shows some quantity using *numbers* rather than the position of some indicator on a gauge, linear of circular or whatever. This is not necessarily Electronic, as it could be a counter or a clock with a video dispay. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Device ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NumericalCharacter ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :DigitalInformationBearingObject a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An InformationBearingObject on which the information is encoded digitally, that is in binary form, not easily readable by humans and depends on machines. The digital form can be on paper, but that won't be easily readable by people either. All 'ComputerFile-Abstract's are instances. @ToDo: need to represent the restriction that this is encoded in some digital format, not linguistic and alphabetic. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalInformationStore, :GenericLocation, :InformationBearingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractDigitalObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :DigitalInformationStore a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DigitalInformationStore' is the PhysicalObject that contains digital information, whether in the memory chips of a computer, on hard disk, on CD-ROM, or in digitally encoded form in paper. This is distinguished from the AbstractDocument that is represented by such physical media, and is also distinguished from ordinary physical texts or documents written on some physical medium in a visually readable form in somme humaninterpretable symbols system, whether alohabetic or iconic..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationStore . :DigitalLetter :ldoce "letter" ; :wnsense "letter1n" ; :wordnet "letter" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DigitalLetter' is a PhysicalObject containing the digitally encoded form of a Letter, which may be an email. Typically, only part of a piece of physical medium (memory chips, magnetic medium, CD) will be occupied by any one letter, and that physical object that contains the digital encoding will be the object represented by this instance. One will rarely be interested in such pieces of memory media, but this type is required to maintain the distinction between traditional readable alphabetically encoded letters, their abstract content, and the physical embodiment of digitally encoded letters, each of which has different properties. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'letter' in WordNet. but Wordnet does not distinguish the abstract and physical letters, so the word is ambiguous between the two senses in WordNet: 1. (475) letter, missive - (a written message addressed to a person or organization; 'mailed an indignant letter to the editor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalInformationStore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractLetter ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :DigitalPhotograph a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CapturedImage' (an AbstractImage) that is represented as lines of pixels in some representation, usually in a computer or some digital storage medium. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CapturedImage . :Dignified :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Dignity ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Dignity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Undignified ; :wnsense "dignified1adj" ; :wordnet "dignified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dignified' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dignified - (having or expressing dignity; especially formality or stateliness in bearing or appearance; 'her dignified demeanor'; 'the director of the school was a dignified white-haired gentleman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Dignity :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Proud ; :wnsense "dignity1n", "self-esteem2n", "self-regard1n", "self-respect1n", "self-worth1n" ; :wordnet "dignity", "self-esteem", "self-regard", "self-respect", "self-worth" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dignity' is a type of 'Pride'' that induces a person to behave so as to avoid anything that would appear unethical or improper. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dignity' in WordNet: 1. (14) dignity, self-respect, self-esteem, self-regard, self-worth - (the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect; 'it was beneath his dignity to cheat'; 'showed his true dignity when under pressure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pride . :Digressing :en "stray off topic" ; :eng "straying off topic" ; :wnsense "digress1v", "divagate1v", "stray3v", "wander5v" ; :wordnet "digress", "divagate", "stray", "wander" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Digressing'' is a temporary ''ChangingaTopic'' that is a ''BecomingDiverted'' while communicating in Speaking or writing, when the speaker changes the topic temporarily in a manner that may cause the listener to lose the focus of the communication. This is a temporary Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'digress' in WordNet: 1. (1) digress, stray, divagate, wander - (lose clarity or turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument in writing, thinking, or speaking; 'She always digresses when telling a story'; 'her mind wanders'; 'Don't digress when you give a lecture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingDiverted, :ChangingaTopic, :Communication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :Topic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dike :guid "bd58c459-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dike2n", "dyke2n" ; :wordnet "dike", "dyke" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: structure restraining the spread of water, usually river or seawater. NOTE this is *not* for controlling river water. See ''Levee''. This is for the 'dikes' that keep out water from the Sea. Similar structures are ''Dam'' to hold back a stream, and ''Levee'' to keep a Stream within its desired boundaries. NOTE: the WN synset includes 'dam' but that is represented separately under 'Dam''. Corresponds to part (''Dam'' is separate) of noun sense 2 of 'dike' in WordNet: 2. dam, dike, dyke - (a barrier constructed to contain the flow of water or to keep out the sea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :InfrastructureProduct, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sea ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OceanFlooding ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Dilating :wnsense "dilate1v", "distend1v" ; :wordnet "dilate", "distend" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dilate' in WordNet: 1. (6) dilate, distend - (become wider; 'His pupils were dilated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Widening . :Dilemma :wnsense "dilemma1n", "quandary2n" ; :wordnet "dilemma", "quandary" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dilemma'' is a ''StateOfUncertainty'' that requires a choice between two courses of action, both having potential risks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dilemma' in WordNet: 1. (9) dilemma, quandary - (state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StateOfUncertainty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Risky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :demands ; owl:someValuesFrom :SelectingBetween ] . :Diligent :guid "bd58b304-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diligent1adj", "persevering1adj" ; :wordnet "diligent", "persevering" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diligent' is a subtype of ''Persistent'' characterizing a Person or Action that not only persists in spite of difficulty, but continues with little or no interruption. CYC: The collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent marked by patiently persevering at carrying out tasks, especially with detail or exactness.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diligent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) diligent, persevering - (quietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactness; 'a diligent (or patient) worker'; 'with persevering (or patient) industry she revived the failing business') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Persistent . :Diltiazem :guid "c124ab52-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Cardizem1n", "diltiazem1n" ; :wordnet "Cardizem", "diltiazem" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$PharmaceuticalType which is a subcategory of #$CalciumChannelBlocker. Diltiazem is used in treating heart disease. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diltiazem' in WordNet: 1. diltiazem, Cardizem - (a calcium blocker (trade name Cardizem) used in treating hypertension or angina or heart failure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct . :Dilute :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Mixture ; :isTheOppositeOf :Concentrated ; :wnsense "dilute1adj", "diluted1adj" ; :wordnet "dilute", "diluted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue *only* of Mixtures, especially mixtures of liquids (Solutions) and mixtures of gases,in which one component (for liquids, the solvent) is dominent, as in aqueous solutions, or in a gas that is salient in some context, particularly the atmosphere. Thus certain substances in aqueous solutions or in the atmosphere may be 'Concentrated'' or ''Dilute'' with respect to the dominant medium. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dilute' in Wordnet: 1. (7) diluted, dilute - (reduced in strength or concentration or quality or purity; 'diluted alcohol'; 'a dilute solution'; 'dilute acetic acid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Diluting :en "diluting" ; :guid "c01984e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :ConcentratingaSolution ; :wnsense "cut38v", "dilute1v", "reduce18v", "thin out3v", "thin3v" ; :wordnet "cut", "dilute", "reduce", "thin", "thin out" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all mixing events of two or more stuff types in which the concentration of the focal ingredient on one of the inputs commmitted (considered the #$objectActedOn) is reduced without the resulting stuff becoming a significantly different (on a molecular level) type of stuff. SUMO: Adding a Liquid to a Solution to decrease the concentration of the Solute. NOTE: the restriction probably should have as object something like 'concentration of substance'?? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dilute' in Wordnet: 1. (9) dilute, thin, thin out, reduce, cut - (lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture; 'cut bourbon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LoweringaValue, :Mixing, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConcentrationMeasure ] . :Dim :isTheOppositeOf :Bright ; :ldoce "dim", "pale" ; :wnsense "dim1adj", "pale2adj", "pallid2adj", "sick5adj", "wan1adj" ; :wordnet "dim", "pale", "pallid", "sick", "wan" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dim is an attribute of objects that are radiating visible light at a low intensity due to a low level of illumination:. Corresponds to adjective sense of 'dim' and sense 2 of 'pale' in WordNet: WN 'dim' 1. (4) dim, subdued - (lacking in light; not bright or harsh; 'a dim light beside the bed'; 'subdued lights and soft music') WN 'pale' 2. (1) pale, pallid, wan, sick - ((of light) lacking in intensity or brightness; dim or feeble; 'the pale light of a half moon'; 'a pale sun'; 'the late afternoon light coming through the el tracks fell in pale oblongs on the street'; 'a pallid sky'; 'the pale (or wan) stars'; 'the wan light of dawn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DimSum :guid "3c0fe328-bef2-41d7-8d26-f7c447e4d6a9" ; :wnsense "dim sum1n" ; :wordnet "dim sum" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dim sum' in WordNet: 1. dim sum - (traditional Chinese cuisine; a variety of foods (including several kinds of steamed or fried dumplings) are served successively in small portions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChineseCuisine . :DimWitted :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "dim-witted1adj", "half-witted1adj", "simple-minded2adj", "simple5adj" ; :wordnet "dim-witted", "half-witted", "simple", "simple-minded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''DimWitted'' is an attribute of a Person who has less than average intelligence. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dim-witted' in Wordnet: 1. dim-witted, half-witted, simple, simple-minded - (lacking mental capacity and devoid of subtlety) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stupid . :Dime :guid "c0fce7cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dime1n" ; :wordnet "dime" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A US coin that represents ten cents in US currency. CYC: 'DimeCoin-US': The US dime - ten cents, silvery, and, if minted after 1945, with FDR on it Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dime' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dime - (a United States coin worth one tenth of a dollar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TenCentsUS ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :Dimension :wnsense "dimension2n", "dimension3n" ; :wordnet "dimension" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of the fundamental directions which define a space, abstract or physical; a 'Dimension' provides a criterion by which to create a linear ordering of points, which may themselves be complex objects. This is an abstrac notion, of which the common Dimensions of SpaceTime (three spatial, one time) are subtypes. Each Dimension is an abstract part of a Space. A Dimension provides a means of linear ordering, but does not have to be metric - there does not have to be a defined distance between points within the Dimension. Corresponds approximately to the union of senses 1 (mathematical) and 5 (topology) of 'dimension' in RHW: 1.Math. a. a property of space; extension in a given direction: A straight line has one dimension, a parallelogram has two dimensions, and a parallelepiped has three dimensions. b. the generalization of this property to spaces with curvilinear extension, as the surface of a sphere. c. the generalization of this property to vector spaces and to Hilbert space. 5. Topology. a. a magnitude that, independently or in conjunction with other such magnitudes, serves to define the location of an element within a given set, as of a point on a line, an object in a space, or an event in space-time. Includes sense 3 and (a small) part of sense 2 of 'dimension' in WordNet; it is unclear whether the WordNet sense 2 is intended to include the sense of this type, but if not, it should in WordNet: 2. (5) property, attribute, dimension - (a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished; 'self-confidence is not an endearing property') 3. (1) dimension - (one of three Cartesian coordinates that determine a position in space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Region . :DimensionOfCausality a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DimensionOfCausality' is a 'MetricDimension' that can be an abstract dimension, or in our space-time the TimeDimension; its special property is that some 'causality' (abstract or concrete) must work from the lower magnitutdes of the Dimesnion to the higher magnitudes. The TimeDimension of or SpaceTime is one subtype. This type is included in COSMO to allow an abstraction of the dimension of Time in our SpaceTime, so that onw can envision abstract processes that 'cause' things to happen in an abstract space. For example, one can have an abstract Cartesian space with geometric objects whose shape, oritentation, or position relative to other objects are caused to change by the action of other objects or events, or processes in that space - i.e. a 'virtual world'. The DimensionOfCausality in such an abstract world would be analogous to Time in our SpaceTime, where effects must necessarily follow causes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetricDimension . :DimensionalLumber :hasQualitativeAttribute :Dry ; :wnsense "lumber1n" ; :wordnet "lumber" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lumber'' that has been cut and shaped into pieces suitable for use in construction is often referred to as ''DimensionalLumber'', meaning that it can be referred to by its dimensions, e.g. '2x4' (two by four), meaning beams of two inches by four inches with unspecified length.. NOTE: although 'lumber' is usually used to refer to shaped wood, for generality in COSMO ''Lumber'' will refer to a type of ''Wood'' suitable to be shaped into building, and this type ''DimensionalLumber'' represents the substance consisting of actual shaped beams. NOTE: because Lumber is dry enough not to lose its support capability when dried, it is classified as 'Dry', although the wood when first cut from a tree would not be. A log cut and put in place in a structure would not be an instance of ''Lumber'', but a ''Beam'' made of lumber. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lumber' in Wordnet: 1. (6) lumber, timber - (the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lumber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dry ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dimensionality :takesValue :DimensionalityValue ; :wnsense "dimensionality1n" ; :wordnet "dimensionality" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property type of an Object, Region, or Space. NOTE: some objects such as abstract or mental objects may not have a meaningful dimensionality. Note that this is the attribute type, and the attribute values are represented as instances of DimensionalityValue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dimensionality' in Wordnet: 1. dimensionality - (the spatial property of having dimensions; 'all matter has dimensionality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :DimensionalityValue a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of an Object, Region, or Space. As with Cardinalities, it is often represented as a simple nonnegative integer, but in COSMO, being an AttributeValue, it is represented as an integer together with the 'UnitOfMeasure' 'dimensional'. Hence: (Every Point hasAttributeValue {0 dimensional}) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :dimensional ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :RationalNumber ] . :DimensionlessRatio :wnsense "quotient1n", "quotient2n" ; :wordnet "quotient" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DimensionlessRatio is a ratio of quantities in which the dimension of the numerator is the same as the dimension of the denominator, resulting in a dimensionless number. However, this type is for ratios of measures, and the resulting number is not a pure number, but a measure with the dimension 'dimensionless'. The Quantifier is a RationalNumber. Each DimensionlessRatio can be labeled by using the 'RTO_' namespace prefix, and an underscore between the numerator and denominator; see 'RationalNumber' for more similar treatment of the labels for RationalNumbers. Thus a DimensionlessRatio of one-third could be labeled 'RTO_1_3'. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'quotient' in WordNet (difficult to distinguish): in WordNet: 1. quotient - (the ratio of two quantities to be divided) 2. quotient - (the number obtained by division) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ratio, :RatioQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RealNumber :QuantifierType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :dimensionless ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ] . :Diminishing :wnsense "decrease1v", "diminish1v", "fall7v", "lessen1v" ; :wordnet "decrease", "diminish", "fall", "lessen" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Diminishing'' is a 'DecreaseEvent' in which something decreases in some measure of size, intensity, or other magnitude but without specifying whether an agent is causing the reduction; If there is an intentional effort by an agent specifically aimed at that result, use 'Reduction'. . This is an intransitive usage for 'dimishing' or 'decreasing;, with the subject doing the diminishing. For the transitive act of intentionally making something smaller, use ''Reduction''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'diminish' in WordNet: 1. (11) decrease, diminish, lessen, fall - (decrease in size, extent, or range; 'The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester'; 'The cabin pressure fell dramatically'; 'her weight fall to under a hundred pounds'; 'his voice fell to a whisper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent . :Dimly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Faint ; :wnsense "dimly1adv", "indistinctly1adv" ; :wordnet "dimly", "indistinctly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dimly'' has some overlap with''Faintly'' but is more specific for perceptions. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dimly' in Wordnet: 1. (10) dimly, indistinctly - (in a dim indistinct manner; 'we perceived the change only dimly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Dimmer :wnsense "dimmer1n" ; :wordnet "dimmer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dimmer' in WordNet: 1. dimmer - (a rheostat that varies the current through an electric light in order to control the level of illumination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rheostat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalLightingDevice ; owl:onProperty :controls ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brightness ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :Dimple :wnsense "dimple3n" ; :wordnet "dimple" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'dimple' in Wordnet: 3. dimple - (a small natural hollow in the cheek or chin; 'His dimple appeared whenever he smiled') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concavity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Diner :guid "bd58fab1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diner3n" ; :wordnet "diner" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Diner'' is an unpretentious small restaurant that usually has a counter where one can sit on a stool and be served and eat, but may also have separate tables or booths. CYC: A kind of generally less-expensive, no-frills restaurant. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'diner' in WordNet: 3. diner - (a restaurant that resembles a dining car) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RestaurantSpace . :Ding-Dong :wnsense "ding-dong1n" ; :wordnet "ding-dong" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In WordNet this is considered a 'noise' but in COSMO a noise is unpleasant, so this would not be a subtype in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ding-dong' in Wordnet: 1. ding-dong - (the noise made by a bell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RingingSound . :Dinghy :guid "be00fad9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dinghy1n", "dory1n", "rowboat1n" ; :wordnet "dinghy", "dory", "rowboat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """small one or two-person rowboat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dinghy' in WordNet: . dinghy, dory, rowboat - (a small boat of shallow draft with cross thwarts for seats and rowlocks for oars with which it is propelled) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :Rowboat . :Dining :wnsense "dine1v", "dining1n" ; :wordnet "dine", "dining" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dining is an Event of ''EatingaMeal'' performed only by people, and performed under circumstances where one (usually) sits at a table (can be on a mat, Japanese-style or on a rug,MiddleEast style) and takes time to enjoy the meal. Thus ''Dining'' is both a ''EatingaMeal'' and a ''SittingEvent'' (no table yet specified). One cannot 'Dine' while eating take-out in an automobile nor while eating a snack. Usually Dining is to eat the main meal for the day, but one can Dine more than once in a day. When performing ''Dining'' one must use some form of EatingUtensil, (if necessary, the fingers may be considered as an ''Eatingutensil''?? would need rework), which may later become 'decontaminated' by the process ''WashingDishes'' event. NOTE: the transitive sense of hosting a dinner for another is a different sense. NOTE: ''Dining'' ''alwaysCauses'' ''Pleasure''if a Meal is not pleasurable, it will still be an instance of ''EatingaMeal'' but this type is for relaxed pleasurable meals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dine' in Wordnet: 1. (6) dine - (have supper; eat dinner; 'We often dine with friends in this restaurant') WN noun 'dining': 1. dining - (the act of eating dinner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingaMeal, :PleasuresOfTheFlesh, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EatingUtensil :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingUtensil ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SittingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nutrition ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :DiningAtHome :en "dine at home", "eat in" ; :eng "dining at home", "eating in" ; :enn "eating in" ; :env "dine at home", "eat in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DiningAtHome''is a ''Dining'' in which some Agent(s) 'eat in', i.e. they eat some Meal at their own residence, as opposed to 'eating out'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meal ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residence ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :DiningRoom :en "dining-room" ; :guid "bd58c88e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dining room1n" ; :wordnet "dining room" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The room in a home or in a restaurant where people dine. This doesn't include kitchens right now. SUMO: A Room intended primarily for Eating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dining room' in Wordnet: 1. (6) dining room, dining-room - (a room used for dining) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dining ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Dinner :ldoce "dinner" ; :wnsense "dinner1n" ; :wordnet "dinner" ; a :FoodType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The specific set of food items eaten as the main meal of the day, usually in the evening. This is therefore a Role that the food plays. For the actual event if eating dinner, use 'EatingDinner'. 'dinner consisted of a piece of chicken and a potato'. For the Action, see 'EatingDinner'. Noun sense 1 of 'dinner' in WordNet seems to be the act of eating dinner. This is ambiguous, and this is the sense of WordNet' 'dinner' that will be taken here: in WordNet: 1. (25) dinner - (the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday; 'dinner will be at 8'; 'on Sundays they had a large dinner when they returned from church') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meal . :DinnerJacket :guid "be01f8fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dinner jacket1n" ; :wordnet "dinner jacket" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO NOTE: WN uses 'dinnner jacket' as a synonym for the whole tuxdo, but here it is used only for the a generic formal jacket. The jacket component of a ''Tuxedo'' is represented by the subtype ''TuxedoJacket'.. Corresponds to *part* noun sense 1 of 'dinner jacket' in WordNet: 1. dinner jacket, tux, tuxedo, black tie - (semiformal evening dress for men) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalWear, :Jacket, :MensClothing . :DinnerParty :wnsense "dinner party1n", "dinner2n" ; :wordnet "dinner", "dinner party" ; a :ActionType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DinnerParty'' is a ''Party'' in which the host provides a ''Dinner'' for the guests. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dinner party' in WordNet: 1. (1) dinner, dinner party - (a party of people assembled to have dinner together; 'guests should never be late to a dinner party') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Party, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dining ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :DinnerTime :wnsense "dinnertime1n", "suppertime1n" ; :wordnet "dinnertime", "suppertime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DinnerTime'' is the name of the time interval in which a Person or GroupOfPeople customarily eat ''Dinner''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dinnertime' in WordNet: 1. (2) dinnertime, suppertime - (the customary or habitual hour for the evening meal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MealTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingDinner ; owl:onProperty :commonlyHasEventType ] . :Dinosaur :guid "c1006a60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dinosaur1n" ; :wordnet "dinosaur" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :ExtinctAnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """From Wikipedia: Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, 231.4 million years ago, and were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for 135 million years, from the start of the Jurassic (about 200 million years ago) until the end of the Cretaceous (66 million years ago), when the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of most dinosaur groups at the end of the Mesozoic Era. The fossil record indicates that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from theropod ancestors during the Jurassic Period. Birds were the only dinosaurs to survive the extinction event that occurred 66 million years ago. CYC: The collection of all dinosaurs, extinct (from the point of view of Now) reptile-like animals, some of which were huge. The relationship between dinosaurs and reptiles is not agreed upon, but I have made Dinosaur a subset of Reptile in accord with general scholarly consensus. Still at issue is whether or not some dinosaurs were warm-blooded. NS - 5/94 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dinosaur' in WordNet: 1. dinosaur - (any of numerous extinct terrestrial reptiles of the Mesozoic era) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reptile, :WildAnimal . :Diocese :wnsense "bishopric1n", "diocese1n", "episcopate2n" ; :wordnet "bishopric", "diocese", "episcopate" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Diocese'' is the ''EcclesiasticalDistrict'' controlled by a Bishop. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diocese' in WordNet: 1. diocese, bishopric, episcopate - (the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcclesiasticalDistrict, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArchDiocese ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bishop-Clerical ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ] . :Diode :guid "bfec2382-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diode1n", "diode2n" ; :wordnet "diode" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all electrical diodes. A 'diode' can be used to rectify current or to amplify a signal,or to perform some other type of modulation of an electrical current. This type includes both tube and semiconductor diods, which can be differentiated as subtypes when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diode' in WordNet: 1. diode, rectifying tube, rectifying valve - (a thermionic tube having two electrodes; used as a rectifier) 2. diode, semiconductor diode, junction rectifier, crystal rectifier - (a semiconductor that consists of a p-n junction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, :TwoTerminalElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoringElectricalCharge ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capacitance ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DiogenesTheCynic :en "Diogenes the Cynic" ; :enn "Diogenes the Cynic" ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; a :Person ; rdfs:comment """ From Wikipedia: Diogenes , also known as Diogenes the Cynic (Greek: Diogenes ho Kynikos), was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. He was born in Sinope, an Ionian colony on the Black Sea coast of modern day Turkey, in 412 or 404 BC and died at Corinth in 323 BC. """ . :Dioxide :hasComponentSubstance :Oxygen ; :wnsense "dioxide1n" ; :wordnet "dioxide" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ChemicalCompound with two oxygen atoms bound to an atom of another element in each molecule (or formula for ionic oxides). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dioxide' in WordNet: 1. dioxide - (an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oxide . :Dip :ldoce "dip" ; :wnsense "dip3v", "dip6n" ; :wordnet "dip" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DecreaseEvent in some quantity that occurs relatively suddenly. This can be almost any quantity - stock prices, temperature, airplane altitude. Corresponds to noun sense 6 and verb sense 3 of 'dip' in WordNet; a 'dip' is usually temporary, but the time during which the dip occurs is variable and undefined (as of rev981) in WordNet: 6. drop, dip, fall, free fall - (a sudden sharp decrease in some quantity; 'a drop of 57 points on the Dow Jones index'; 'there was a drop in pressure in the pulmonary artery'; 'a dip in prices'; 'when that became known the price of their stock went into free fall') WN verb 'dip': 3. (1) dip - (go down momentarily; 'Prices dipped') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dip-Food :guid "beda8c08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dip4n" ; :wordnet "dip" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a substance that often plays the role of a Dip, for food objects. Cyc: This is the collection of all instances of dips. A dip is any food that is intended to be and is usually eaten by being scooped up onto some other food such as a #$Chip-Snack or piece of raw vegetable. Fondue thus counts as a dip. A borderline case is salsa, which is most often consumed as a dip in the U.S.. It would probably not count as a dip in Mexico. Salsa is definitely a condiment, so #$Dip-Food and #$Condiment are not necessarily disjoint. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'dip' in WordNet: 4. dip - (tasty mixture or liquid into which bite-sized foods are dipped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppetizerStuff, :FoodConcoction . :Diphtheria :guid "c0fd547b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diphtheria1n" ; :wordnet "diphtheria" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An infection where the infecting bacteria secrete a toxin in the upper respiratory tract which destroys tissue and causes a membrane to form which may collapse and cause asphyxiation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diphtheria' in WordNet: 1. diphtheria - (acute contagious infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae; marked by the formation of a false membrane in the throat and other air passages causing difficulty in breathing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection . :Diplococcus :wnsense "diplococcus1n" ; :wordnet "diplococcus" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diplococcus' in WordNet: 1. diplococcus - (Gram-positive bacteria usually occurring in pairs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium . :Diploma :guid "c0fd4aef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diploma1n", "sheepskin3n" ; :wordnet "diploma", "sheepskin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC 'DiplomaDocument': A diploma - the document, not the achievement. For the **abstract credential 'Diploma'** in CYC this can be added: CYC: The collection of abstract #$Credentials each of which is awarded to certify that a particular #$Student has attended school or training sessions of some particular kind. A #$Diploma (the abstract #$Credential) is represented by a #$DiplomaDocument. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diploma' in WordNet: 1. diploma, sheepskin - (a document certifying the successful completion of a course of study) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CertificateDocument, :Form-StandardizedIBO, :LegalDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasIssuedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:School :OrganizationType ) ] ] . :Diplomacy :wnsense "diplomacy1n", "diplomatic negotiations1n" ; :wordnet "diplomacy", "diplomatic negotiations" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diplomacy'' is a specialization of ''Negotiating'' engaged in by representatives of different nations, whether one-to-one or as a group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diplomacy' in WordNet: 1. (1) diplomacy, diplomatic negotiations - (negotiation between nations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Negotiating . :Diplomat :guid "bf956f1f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diplomat1n", "diplomatist1n" ; :wordnet "diplomat", "diplomatist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of persons; a subset of #$NationalGovernmentEmployee. Each element of #$Diplomat is a person who officially represents his or her country's government in dealing with another government or an international organization. The collection #$Diplomat includes ambassadors, foreign ministers, emissaries, and all others specially charged to represent their country in international dealings. SUMO: A person who works as a facilitator for communication between countries, in the official employ of one of the countries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diplomat' in Wordnet: 1. (4) diplomat, diplomatist - (an official engaged in international negotiations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NationalGovernmentEmployee, :Professional-Adult . :Diplomatic :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Diplomacy ; :pertainsTo :Diplomacy, :Diplomat ; :wnsense "diplomatic1adj" ; :wordnet "diplomatic" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diplomatic'' is the attribute that pertains to ''Diplomat''s and formal diplomacy in international affairs. Correspods to adjective sense 1 of 'diplomatic' in WordNet: 1. (2) diplomatic - (relating to or characteristic of diplomacy; 'diplomatic immunity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Diplomatic-Skilled :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "diplomatic1adj", "kid-glove1adj", "tactful2adj" ; :wordnet "diplomatic", "kid-glove", "tactful" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diplomatic'' is the attribute of a Person who that is polite and tries not to offend. Correspods to adjective sense 2 of 'diplomatic' in WordNet: 2. (1) diplomatic, diplomatical - (skilled in dealing with sensitive matters or people) WN adj 'tactful': 2. tactful, kid-glove - (showing skill and sensitivity in dealing with people; 'by diplomatic conduct he avoided antagonizing anyone'; 'a tactful way of correcting someone'; 'the agency got the kid-glove treatment on Capitol Hill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skilled . :DiplomaticBuilding :wnsense "diplomatic building1n" ; :wordnet "diplomatic building" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DiplomaticBuilding'' is a ''GovernmentalBuilding'' but may be located in a country other than the Government owner, such as is an Embassy or a consulate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diplomatic building' in WordNet: 1. diplomatic building - (government building in which diplomats live or work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentalBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diplomat ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveWorker ] . :DiplomaticMission-ThePost :en "diplomatic mission" ; :guid "bf147bd8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$DiplomaticMission-ThePost is a specialization of #$LegalGovernmentOrganization. Each instance of #$DiplomaticMission-ThePost is an official diplomatic mission (the organization --embassy or consulate -- not physical structure) of a legal government in a foreign country. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization . :DiplomaticProtocol :wnsense "protoco2n" ; :wordnet "protocol" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DiplomaticProtocol'' is the form of ''Etiquette'' expected of diplomats in international interactions. Very polite. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'protocol' in WordNet: 2. protocol - (forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RulesForConduct . :Dipole :guid "22c814e6-f042-41d6-929f-bd91421fd0a9" ; :wnsense "dipole2n" ; :wordnet "dipole" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all electrical dipoles, pairs of charges separated by fixed distances. This usually applied to very small, molecular-scale dipolar objects. The net charge may be neutral,or positive, or negative. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dipole' in WordNet: 1. (8) dipole - (a pair of equal and opposite electric charges or magnetic poles separated by a small distance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject . :Dipper :wnsense "dipper1n" ; :wordnet "dipper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ladle'' with a deep bowl. A ''Dipper'' can also be used to transfer liquids from one vessel to another, and when located at a water well, could be used directly to drink water, as from a bucket. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dipper' in Wordnet: 1. (4) dipper - (a ladle that has a cup with a long handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ladle . :DippingSomething :ldoce "dip" ; :wnsense "dip1v", "douse4v", "dunk1v", "plunge7v", "souse2v" ; :wordnet "dip", "douse", "dunk", "plunge", "souse" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The verb 'to dip' has over ten distinct senses: this sense represents the action of an Agent who immerses an object briefly into a liquid, then withdraws it. The sense requires specifying the object dipped; it cannot be used intransitively, so 'to take a dip' is a different sense. However, an Agent can dip a part of itself into a liquid: 'to dip one's toe into the water' is an instance of this sense. This could be constructed as a combination of a 'submerging' and a 'withdrawing' action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dip' and sense 1 of 'dunk' and sense 7 of 'plunge' and sense 4 of 'douse' and sense 4 of 'souse' in WordNet: 1. (2) dunk, dip, souse, plunge, douse - (immerse briefly into a liquid so as to wet, coat, or saturate; 'dip the garment into the cleaning solution'; 'dip the brush into the paint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid . :Dire :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalSituation ; :wnsense "desperate6adj", "dire1adj" ; :wordnet "desperate", "dire" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dire'' is the attribute of a situation that causes ''Despair'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'desperate' in WordNet: 6. desperate, dire - (fraught with extreme danger; nearly hopeless; 'a desperate illness'; 'on all fronts the Allies were in a desperate situation due to lack of materiel'- G.C.Marshall; 'a dire emergency') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dangerous . :Direct :hasAdverbialForm :directly ; :isTheOppositeOf :Indirect ; :ldoce "direct" ; :wnsense "direct1adj", "direct2adj" ; :wordnet "direct" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Direct' is an attribute of a path or of a Procedure which involves the minimum number of intermediate steps. The opposite, Indirect, would be a path or procedure that has more than the minimum number of steps. This includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'direct' in Wordnet: 1. (24) direct - (direct in spatial dimensions; proceeding without deviation or interruption; straight and short; 'a direct route'; 'a direct flight'; 'a direct hit') 2. (16) direct, unmediated - (having no intervening persons, agents, conditions; 'in direct sunlight'; 'in direct contact with the voters'; 'direct exposure to the disease'; 'a direct link'; 'the direct cause of the accident'; 'direct vote') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :directly ; owl:onProperty :hasAdverbialForm ] . :DirectAction :wnsense "direct action1v" ; :wordnet "direct action" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DirectAction' is a ''Resistance'' that may include actions that interfere with some activities or are very hard to ignore. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'direct action' in WordNet: 1. direct action - (a protest action by labor or minority groups to obtain their demands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resistance . :DirectAnswer :wnsense "direct answer1n" ; :wordnet "direct answer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DirectAnswer'' is an ''Answering'' of a question that gives information of the type that the questioner asked about. The answer may be true or false, but it does respond appropriately to the question asked. This type of answer contrasts with ''EvadingAnIssue'' in which the answer does not address the question asked, but discusses a different topic. This is a 'responsive' answer - 'responsive' is not yet represented. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answering, :AssertingEvent . :DirectCause :ldoce "cause" ; :wnsense "cause1n" ; :wordnet "cause" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DirectCause''is a ''CausalEvent'' that .immediately precedes the Event that it causes, and requires some direct transfer of energy in some form - momentum, physical force, or radiation, for example - between some Object in the cause and some Object in the resulting Event. NOTE that WordNet has multiple subtypes of 'cause' including things that *may* have some causal agency. This type is intended to express the causal Event that is the direct cause of some *instance* of an Event. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (18) cause - (events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something; 'they are trying to determine the cause of the crash') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ] . :DirectTelephoneLink :en "direct telephone link" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DirectTelephoneLink'' is a direct communication connection between two nodes that can route the signals from one one to other nodes conected in the communications system. The medium of transmission can be conductive wire, optical cable, or point-to-point radio transmission facilities such as towers in a network. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationsLine, :Link-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneCall ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :DirectedAcyclicGraph :en "directed acyclic graph" ; :enn "directed acyclic graph" ; :guid "bed5ca59-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all those #$DirectedGraphs (node-and-link structures in which each link has one direction) each of which has no directed cycle in it. This is the intersection of #$DirectedGraph and #$DirectedAcyclicPathSystem (which is the same as the intersection of #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic and #$DirectedAcyclicPathSystem). A #$DirectedAcyclicGraph is often used as a representation of a #$PartialOrdering.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedAcyclicPathSystem, :DirectedGraph . :DirectedAcyclicPathSystem :guid "bdd9cff1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$DirectedPathSystems each of which has no directed cycle in it (see #$directedCycleInSystem). Note that each instance of #$DirectedAcyclicPathSystem has no loops in it, although it may have an undirected graph cycle in it.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedPathSystem . :DirectedFeeling a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DirectedFeeling is a Feeling that is directed toward, and sometimes caused by, something external to the Agent - an Event or Object. Disgust is a Feeling that may be directed at an Object. Joy may be caused by an Event.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalReferringThing, :Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :DirectedGraph :en "directed graph" ; :enn "directed graph" ; :guid "beb3df26-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all directed simple graphs, i.e., node-and-link structure in which every link has one direction and no multiple links (between a pair of nodes) or loops are allowed, as studied in graph theory. This is the intersection of #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic and #$DirectedMultigraph, which is the same as the intersection of #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic and #$DirectedPathSystem. SUMO: The Class of directed graphs. A directed graph is a Graph in which all GraphArcs have direction, i.e. every GraphArc has an initial node (see InitialNodeFn) and a terminal node (see TerminalNodeFn) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Multigraph . :DirectedOpposite :ldoce "opposite" ; :wnsense "opposite3adj" ; :wordnet "opposite" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DirectedOpposite' is an AttributeValue of something that is analogous to a direction (as in up and down, east and west, high and low) and is in the the other (of two) directions in some space, real or abstract, relative to another thing; this AttributeValue is relative to the Object that is what the subject thing is opposite to. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'opposite' in WordNet: 3. (4) opposite - (moving or facing away from each other; 'looking in opposite directions'; 'they went in opposite directions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DirectedPathSystem :guid "c0a745ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and a specialization of #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem. Each instance of #$DirectedPathSystem is a path system SYS in which every link LINK is given exactly one direction (specified by (#$linkFromToInSystem LINK X Y SYS), (#$PathFromFn LINK SYS), or (#$PathToFn LINK SYS)). Note that #$PathFromFn and #$PathToFn are only defined for directed path systems.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Semi-DirectedPathSystem . :DirectedTranslation :en "directed translation" ; :enn "directed translation" ; :guid "bdb6c421-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Each instance of #$DirectedTranslation is a movement event that is #$performedBy an #$Agent that intends for the #$objectMoving to reach a particular #$target. Examples: William Tell shooting the apple off his son's head, John Wilkes Booth shooting Abraham Lincoln, the last time you tossed a frisbee to someone, a pilot landing an airplane, and a skier skiing one run of the downhill course. For translation directed by an agent throughout its motion, use 'GuidingAMovingObject' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, :ControllingSomething, :GeneralizedTransfer, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :DirectingAnAgent :ldoce "direct" ; :wnsense "direct3v", "direct4v", "direct9v" ; :wordnet "direct" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DirectingAnAgent' is a manner of ControllingAnAgent in which the Agent controlled is a voluntary participant in the controlling action - the agent controls accepts the direction as a means of cooperatively accomplishing some task. The Agent doing the directing does not necessarily have authority over the agent directed, but may have. This can be difficult to distinguish from 'Ordering' in some cases. A clear example is a directing action given by the director of a movie - that actor is not compelled to participate. Another clear example is when one person gives directions to another for how to get to some location. A less clear example is when a police offices 'directs' traffic - there is some element of compulsion and this overlaps with ordering, but the agent directed is complying because it is a means of achieving his own goal of getting somewhere, safely. However, when a police officer orders a person to pull the car over, this is a clear Ordering, and not a DirectingAnAgent. This sense includes several of the verb senses of 'direct' in WordNet. sense 1 is included in 'Ordering' so is excluded from this sense, and sense 4 appears to have as object a project rather than some agent(s). in WordNet: 3. (13) direct - (guide the actors in (plays and films)) 4. (7) direct - (be in charge of) 9. (1) direct - (give directions to; point somebody into a certain direction; 'I directed them towards the town hall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :ControllingAnAgent, :ManagementEvent . :DirectingAnOperation :en "running an operation" ; :ldoce "direct", "operate", "run" ; :wnsense "direct13v", "direct4v", "direct8v", "operate1v", "run4v", "running4n" ; :wordnet "direct", "operate", "run", "running" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''DirectingAnOperation'' is a ''ManagementEvent'' in which the ''Manager'' doing the managing has a lot of authority over some ''OrganizationAction'', sufficient that s/he could 'run it into the ground' without interference by a higher level of management. This can be done by Person running a small business or by a Person running a large organization. Each 'DirectingAnOperation' will include some instance of 'DirectingAnAgent' in which the Agent directed is an Organization or GroupOfPeople. The Agent doing the directing will typically have final authority over the agent directed (for that Organization), but may be able to be overridden on occasion.. This sense includes several of the verb senses of 'direct' and sense 1 of 'operate' and sense 4 of 'run' in WordNet; however, this is more specific than 'DirectingAnAgent' in that the Agent directed must be an Organization or GroupOfPeople; the GroupOfPeople can be two people including the person doing the directing, but there has to be more than one participant in the 'operation' WN 'operate' in WordNet: 1. (34) operate, run - (direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.; 'She is running a relief operation in the Sudan') WN 'direct': 4. (7) direct - (be in charge of) 8. (4) conduct, lead, direct - (lead, as in the performance of a composition; 'conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years') 13. mastermind, engineer, direct, organize, organise, orchestrate - (plan and direct (a complex undertaking); 'he masterminded the robbery') WN noun 'running': 4. running - (the act of administering or being in charge of something; 'he has responsibility for the running of two companies at the same time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManagementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAffectedEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrganizationAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DirectingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :DirectingMovies :en "directing" ; :wnsense "direct1v" ; :wordnet "direct" ; a :ActionType, :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The occupation of directing the production of a film. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'direct' in WordNet: 3. (13) direct - (guide the actors in (plays and films)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectingAnAgent, :Occupation, :Profession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovieDirector ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :DirectingTheCourse :wnsense "direct11v", "head5v", "point4v", "steer1v" ; :wordnet "direct", "head", "point", "steer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DirectingTheCourse'' is a generic subtype of 'GuidingAMovingObject' in which the thing controlled is a Device that can move, and the ''DirectingTheCourse'' Action controls the direction of Motion. This can also be used for vehicles (see subtype ''GuidingaTransportationDevice'' and its subtypes). For directing the course of animals (e.g. herding cows) or for directing moving water (as in an irrigation ''\"Channel'' the more generic 'GuidingAMovingObject'' is the parent. See ''HerdingAnimals''or ''Channelng''. Corresponds to *part* of verb sense 11 of 'direct' in WordNet: 11. steer, maneuver, manoeuver, manoeuvre, direct, point, head, guide, channelize, channelise - (direct the course; determine the direction of travelling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :GuidingAMovingObject . :DirectionMeasure :guid "bd58dff3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "direction" ; :wnsense "direction1n", "direction2n", "way7n" ; :wordnet "direction", "way" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DirectionMeasure is an attribute that may be one or multiple dimensional, depending on the dimension of the space in which it is measured. It is always measured relative to some frame of reference. The frame of reference may be the object itself in the case of motion: 'forward' and 'backward' refer to the front-back line of the object. This is close to a vector, but includes directions of moving things and also directions in which some non-moving thing points; in the latter case, the non-moving thing must have a front-back line. Therefore it is purely pointing, and does not have a magnitude, as would a velocity. Called 'Direction' in Cyc: A specialization of #$UnitVectorInterval (q.v.). Each instance of #$Direction is a vector representing a direction, typically between two objects or locations. Specializations include #$GeographicalDirection, #$TerrestrialDirection, and #$AnatomicalDirection. Note that, since a given vector can represent a particular direction only in relation to some frame of reference, a frame of reference must be (explicitly or implicitly) specified for assertions about particular directions, either by the context (i.e. #$Microtheory) of the assertion or by the type of #$Direction in question (e.g. #$GeographicalDirections are intrinsically tied to a particular terrestrial frame of reference). Includes noun sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'direction' in WordNet; a part of sense 1 meaning 'way' (i.e. a path or route) is not included, the the direction ('the other way') is included - this is a vector. in WordNet: 1. (35) direction, way - (a line leading to a place or point; 'he looked the other direction'; 'didn't know the way home') 2. (19) direction - (the spatial relation between something and the course along which it points or moves; 'he checked the direction and velocity of the wind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PositionalAttribute . :DirectionOfMotion :isAnAttributeValueOf :Airplane, :AquaticOrganism, :Ship ; :wnsense "bearing2n", "heading2n" ; :wordnet "bearing", "heading" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DirectionOfMotion is an OrientationMeasure specifically describing the orientation in which some moving object is proceeding. 'bearing' and 'heading' are commonly used for this concept to describe the direction in which a ship or airplane is moving. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bearing' in WordNet: 2. (1) bearing, heading, aim - (the direction or path along which something moves or along which it lies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure . :DirectionOfRotation :en "direction of rotation" ; :enn "direction of rotation" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :RotatingObject ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DirectionOfRotation'' is a ''DirectionOfMotion for Objects that 'rotate' in some manner, such as a PhysicalObject that is spinning, or a pointer on a dial that rotates around the center of the dial. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionOfMotion . :DirectionalAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'DirectionalAttributeValue' represents an AttributeValue that applies to some direction relative to the speaker or to some reference location or object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DirectionsDocument :wnsense "direction6n", "instruction1n" ; :wordnet "direction", "instruction" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DirectionsDocument''is a document giving directions (instructions) on what to do or how to do it. For directions on how to get to a Place, use 'DirectionsToaPlace'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instruction' in WordNet: 1. (11) direction, instruction - (a message describing how something is to be done; \"he gave directions faster than she could follow them\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :Instructions, :Message . :DirectionsToaPlace :wnsense "direction1n", "direction6n", "instruction1n", "way7n" ; :wordnet "direction", "instruction", "way" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DirectionsToaPlace'' is a ''DirectionsDocument'' that describes the path or method (how) to get to a Destination from one or many dfferent starting points. This may accompany an invitation to some SocialEvent - e.g. party, wedding, rally. Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 6 of 'direction' in WordNet: 1. (35) direction, way - (a line leading to a place or point; \"he looked the other direction\"; \"didn't know the way home\") 6. (2) direction, instruction - (a message describing how something is to be done; \"he gave directions faster than she could follow them\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionsDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DirectionMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ] . :Directive :wnsense "directive1n" ; :wordnet "directive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Directive'' is a ''Pronouncement'' intended to create some incentive (positive or negative) to do or refrain from doing something, performed by an 'Authority'' with the power to create incentives. The incentive is created by ''MakingAPromise'' to perform some ''IncentivizingPromisedAction''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'directive' in WordNet: 1. (1) directive - (a pronouncement encouraging or banning some activity; 'the boss loves to send us directives') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAPromise, :Pronouncement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authority ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :IncentivizingPromise ] . :DirectlyDownward :ldoce "down" ; :wnsense "down4adj", "downward2adj" ; :wordnet "down", "downward" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DirectlyDownward' is measure of direction of movement that specifies a direction pointing from an altitude at some time to a lower altitude at a later time, such that the line of motion is perpendicular to the surface of the Earth (or some other large gravitational object). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'downward' in WordNet: 2. down, downward - (extending or moving from a higher to a lower place; 'the down staircase'; 'the downward course of the stream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Upward . :DirectlyUpward :wnsense "upward2adj" ; :wordnet "upward" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DirectlyUpward' is measure of direction of movement that specifies a direction pointing from an altitude at some time to a higher altitude at a later time, such that the line of motion is perpendicular to the surface of the Earth (or some other large gravitational object). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Upward . :Director :wnsense "director1n", "director2n" ; :wordnet "director" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Director'' is an Executive in any Organization large enough to have several layers of administration, who has the title of 'Director'. Subypes can be defined as needed. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'director' in WordNet: 1. (18) director, manager, managing director - (someone who controls resources and expenditures) 2. (6) director - (member of a board of directors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Executive . :Directors :en "Board of Directors membership", "directors" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Directors'' is a ''GroupOfPeople''consisting of all of the members of a'Board Of Directors' of some Corporation.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :OrganizationMembership, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BoardOfDirectorsMember ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Directory :wnsense "directory1n" ; :wordnet "directory" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Directory'' is a ''ReferenceWork'' listing Individuals (Persons or Organizations) plus some form of contact information for the agents listed, such as address, telephone number, and/or email address or web site address. A directory may also contain additional indformation, but that would typically be very brief. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'directory' in WordNet: 1. (1) directory - (an alphabetical list of names and addresses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReferenceWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NameList ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Dirtiness :guid "bd58d42d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dirtiness2n" ; :wordnet "dirtiness" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dirtiness'' is the state of something that is ''Dirty''. In CYC this is a quantifiable attribut, but here it is simpler, just expressing 'dirty' in nominal form. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dirtiness' in WordNet: 2. dirtiness - (the state of containing dirty impurities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dirty ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Dirty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Dirtying ; :isTheOppositeOf :Clean ; :ldoce "dirty" ; :wnsense "dirty1adj", "soiled1adj", "unclean1adj" ; :wordnet "dirty", "soiled", "unclean" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of objects or substances that have some perceptible Impurity. This is evaluative because whether something is an Impurity is usually relative to a purpose. Objects that are 'dirty' will have 'Grime' on them. See 'DirtyObject' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dirty' in WordNet: 1. (12) dirty, soiled, unclean - (soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime; 'dirty unswept sidewalks'; 'a child in dirty overalls'; 'dirty slums'; 'piles of dirty dishes'; 'put his dirty feet on the clean sheet'; 'wore an unclean shirt'; 'mining is a dirty job'; 'Cinderella did the dirty work while her sisters preened themselves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :DirtyObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that has some quantity (could be small) of 'Grime' on it. This type is for objects that have Grime on the surface, or, as with cloth objects - have some portions with undesirable contaminants, as stains, spots, sweat or other foreign substances. An more solid object that has undesriable substances Grime throughout, would be 'contaminated'. A 'DirtyObject' can be cleaned by some process of washing, whereas a contaminated object (usually this would be a contaminated substance) would require a cleaning process that is more sophisticated than getting stuff off a surface. This includes 'Dirty' fabrics; although the Grime may be interpersed among the fibers, the relevant 'surface' is the surface of each fiber. If some contaminating substance has penetrated the interior of the fibers, then the fabric is contaminated. A 'DirtyObject' should be cleanable. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grime ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfaceThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dirty ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dirtying :wnsense "begrime1v", "bemire1v", "colly1v", "dirty1v", "soil1v" ; :wordnet "begrime", "bemire", "colly", "dirty", "soil" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dirtying'' is an Event in which some ''PhysicalObject'' (usually an ArtifactObject) which had been ''Clean'' (at least relatively) acquires sufficient dirt, grease, or other unwanted particulate or liquid material to become at least somewhat ''Dirty'' and become visibly less clean, and usually less beautiful and less desirable. For fabrics the unwanted material can penetrate the pores; for solid surfaces the unwanted material might be wiped off with a cloth, or painted over. This includes the notion of 'contamination' or 'fouling' a *substance*, but making a substance less pure should be represented by the subtype ''ContaminationEvent''. Restriction requires specifing the dirtied object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dirty' and part of verb sense 2 for 'foul' in WordNet: 1. dirty, soil, begrime, grime, colly, bemire - (make soiled, filthy, or dirty; 'don't soil your clothes when you play outside!) WN verb 'foul': 1. (4) pollute, foul, contaminate - (make impure; 'The industrial wastes polluted the lake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :Event, :IncurringPhysicalDamage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirtyObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grime ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dirty ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CleaningEvent ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Disabilities :en "disabilities" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disability'' is a ''Group'' each element of which is a ''Disability''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Disability ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanActivity ] . :Disability :guid "bdcd2781-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disability1n", "disablement1n", "handicap1n", "impairment3n" ; :wordnet "disability", "disablement", "handicap", "impairment" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disability'' is a ''Malfunction'' of a person that makes that Person unable to perform some normal human activities at the normal level, or not to be able to perform then at all. ToDO: use relation ''isTheInabilityToPerformActionType'' to specify what Action a ''Disability' precludes. NOTE that in CYC this is not considered as an 'Ailment' but in COSMO it is. Reconsider?? CYC: This is the collection of #$PhysiologicalConditionTypes which are defined in terms of an inability to perform a normal function. For instance, there are many causes of #$Deafness, including several diseases, so #$Deafness itself is not an #$AilmentCondition, but a condition of impaired hearing that may result from an ailment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disability' in WordNet: 1. (3) disability, disablement, handicap, impairment - (the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness; 'reading disability'; 'hearing impairment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Inability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanActivity ] . :DisabilityAidEquipment :en "disability aid equipment" ; :guid "bf61fece-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$PhysicalDevices that assist people with disabilities in overcoming those disabilities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :UsefulThing . :Disabled :wnsense "disabled1adj", "handicapped1adj" ; :wordnet "disabled", "handicapped" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disabled'' is the Attribute of an animal (especially a Person) that has lost all or most of some important physical ability, such as sight,hearing, ability to walk or to speak, or a lack of one or more arms or hands; a lack of any normal ability that allows people to perform physical tasks that average people can do. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'disabled' in WordNet: 1. (6) disabled, handicapped - (markedly unable to function as a consequence of injury or illness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impaired . :DisabledPerson :en "fit person", "physically fit person" ; :enn "physically fit person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person who is ''Disabled'', having some injury that impairs some form of functioning. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disabled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Disabling :wnsense "disable2v", "handicap1v", "incapacitate2v" ; :wordnet "disable", "handicap", "incapacitate" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disabling'' is an ''Injuring'' of some Animal that reduces or eliminates some capability of that animal.. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'disable' in WordNet: 2. disable, invalid, incapacitate, handicap - (injure permanently; 'He was disabled in a car accident') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injuring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disability ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ] . :DisablingaDevice :wnsense "disable1v", "disenable1v", "incapacitate1v" ; :wordnet "disable", "disenable", "incapacitate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DisablingaDevice'' is the Action of causing some functioning part of a ''Device'' to cease to perform its intended function. This may or may not be a ''PurposefulAction'' but the main intended use of this is for the Action of intentionally disabling some part of the functioning of a Device without turning off the whole Device. One example is the disabling of some automatic control device, as in an ''AutomaticVehicleController''. In that case,it is an action of ''OverridingAnAutomaticVehicleController''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disable' in WordNet: 1. (1) disable, disenable, incapacitate - (make unable to perform a certain action; 'disable this command on your computer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonFunctional ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Disaccharide :wnsense "disaccharide1n" ; :wordnet "disaccharide" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Disaccharide' is a ''Sugar-Generic'' having two smaller (monosaccharide) sugar units bound together. The most common ones for people are 'Sucrose'' (the common table sugar) and ''Lactose''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disaccharide' in WordNet: 1. disaccharide - (any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :Sugar-Generic . :Disadvantage :wnsense "disadvantage1n" ; :wordnet "disadvantage" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Disadvantage'' is a Difference (An Attribute of an ordered pair) in which the first entity of the OrderedPair is judged by some criterion or some agent to be inferior or worse in some respect for some purpose, and the values of the first and second elements indicate the relative merits of the two. The representation of this type is essentially identical to that of ''Advanage'', only with the order of the two elements of the pair reversed. ??Q How to represent both with a single Pair?? use ''hasFirstElement'' etc.?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disadvantage' in WordNet: 1. (3) disadvantage - (the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference . :Disagreeable :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "disagreeable1adj" ; :wordnet "disagreeable" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disagreeable'' is a subtype of ''Unpleasant'' specifically applicable to People who behave in a manner that more than a few people would consider ''Unpleasant''. Corresponds to the part of attribute sense 1 of 'disagreeable' in WordNet that specifically applies to people: in WordNet: 1. disagreeable - (not to your liking; 'a most disagreeable journey'; 'a disagreeable old man'; 'in a disagreeable mood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpleasant . :DisagreeablePerson :wnsense "disagreeable person1n", "unpleasant person1n" ; :wordnet "disagreeable person", "unpleasant person" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DisagreeablePerson'' is a ''PersonaNonGrata'' because s/he is''Unpleasant'' to assocate with, usually due to offensive behavior. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disagreeable person' in WordNet: 1. unpleasant person, disagreeable person - (a person who is not pleasant or agreeable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonaNonGrata, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Disagreeableness :wnsense "disagreeableness2n" ; :wordnet "disagreeableness" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'disagreeableness' in WordNet: 2. disagreeableness - (an ill-tempered and offensive disposition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IllNature . :Disagreeing :en "disagreeing" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :DisagreementEvent ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disagreeing'' is an Attribute of two or more people who do not agree on some (any) topic. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DisagreementEvent :en "disagreeing" ; :impliesPriorEventType :AssertingEvent ; :wnsense "differ2v", "disagree1v", "disagreement3n", "dissent3v", "take issue1v" ; :wordnet "differ", "disagree", "disagreement", "dissent", "take issue" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'DisagreementEvent' is an AssertingEvent in which two or more Agents assert contradictory things about some issue. The Asserting may be accompanied by a Believing (they believe that contradictory things are true), but they may also diagree on what one or the other should *do*. This is a very broad sense of 'DisagreementEvent' Although this is an Asserting, this type may be used to represent a static difference of opinion over some interval of time (the Asserting occurred at some time and its effects linger). NOTE that this is a PersistentState, as a 'disagreement' can continue indefinitely and this type does not represent an accomplishment, but is a description of the existence of contrary opinions. @ToDo: An actual difference of opinion per se is not best represented by an Asserting, but could be a subtype of 'difference'. or some static situation. Needs work. This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disagree' and noun sense 3 of 'disagreement' and includes part of the related verb 'negative' (to say no) in WordNet: 1. (12) disagree, differ, dissent, take issue - (be of different opinions; 'I beg to differ!'; 'She disagrees with her husband on many questions') WN Noun 'disagreement': 3. disagreement - (the speech act of disagreeing or arguing or disputing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :PersistentState . :Disappearing :en "going away", "vanishing" ; :eng "disappearing" ; :guid "beb2488d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disappear1v", "disappear4v", "disappearance2n", "go away3v", "go away4v", "vanish2v" ; :wordnet "disappear", "disappearance", "go away", "vanish" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A very general type for Events in which some PhysicalObject or substance becomes ''Invisible'' due to any reason - moving out of sight, becoming obscured by an intervening Object, getting lost or misplaced, going out of existence, getting buried, vanishingin amagic act or anything that can cause something to no longer be in sight. Each of those causes could form a subtype. For 'disappearing' from existence use ''CeasingToExist'. In CYC ('DisappearingFromSight'): This is the collection of events in which an object becomes hidden from an animal's sight, either by becoming too distant to be seen, or by the animal's line of sight becoming blocked by another object. An animal may not actually see the object before it disappears, but it was visible in the context. Includes all verb senses 1 and 4 of 'disappear' in WordNet: 1. (40) disappear, vanish, go away - (get lost, as without warning or explanation; 'He disappeared without a trace') 4. melt, disappear - (become less intense and fade away gradually; 'her resistance melted under his charm') WN noun 'disappearance': 2. (1) disappearance - (the event of passing out of sight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Invisible ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AppearingEvent ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Disappointed :guid "e24e2068-42cc-11d6-8000-0002b38bcf96" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Disappointment ; :wnsense "disappointed1adj" ; :wordnet "disappointed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the attribute of someone who feels disappointed. In Cyc, 'Disappointed' is a person who is disappointed. This can happen in a ''BecomingDisappointed'' Event. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being dissapointed. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'disappointed' in WordNet: 1. (4) defeated, disappointed, discomfited, foiled, frustrated, thwarted - - (disappointingly unsuccessful; 'disappointed expectations and thwarted ambitions'; 'their foiled attempt to capture Calais'; 'many frustrated poets end as pipe-smoking teachers'; 'his best efforts were thwarted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dissatisfied, :Sad . :Disappointing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :DisappointingSomeone, :Disappointment ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :SatisfyingaDesire ; :wnsense "disappointing1adj", "dissatisfactory1adj", "unsatisfying1adj" ; :wordnet "disappointing", "dissatisfactory", "unsatisfying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disappointing'' is an attribute of Things (usually Events, especially results of Actions) that cause a Person to experience a ''DisappointingSomeone', and thus experience the Feeling of ''Disappointment''. Includes but isbroader than adjective sense 1 of 'disappointing' in Wordnet: 1. (1) disappointing, dissatisfactory, unsatisfying - (not up to expectations; 'a disappointing performance from one who had seemed so promising') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DisappointingSomeone :ldoce "disappoint" ; :wnsense "disappoint1v" ; :wordnet "disappoint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which some Situation or some Agent causes another agent to become disappointed. The object of this action is the person becoming disappointed, and this represents an active voice of the verb 'disappoint' - 'he disappointed his wife by . . .'. In WordNet this is a subtype of 'preventing', but in COSMO that type is used for preventing situations or events, and does not apply to this sense. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'disappoint' in WordNet: 1. (5) disappoint, let down - (fail to meet the hopes or expectations of; 'Her boyfriend let her down when he did not propose marriage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Disappointment ] . :Disappointment :guid "bd58b543-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disappointment1n" ; :wordnet "disappointment" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The attribute-type associated with feeling defeated in expectation or hope. (For the rationale behind treating feelings as types - i.e. collections - of attributes, see the comment on #$Happiness.) NOTE: in COSMO ''Feeling''s are treated as ''Event''s, not attributes Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disappointment' in Wordnet: 1. (7) disappointment, letdown - (a feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized; 'his hopes were so high he was doomed to disappointment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dissatisfaction, :Sadness . :Disapproval :guid "be00ca70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disapproval1n", "disapprove1v", "disapprove2v" ; :wordnet "disapproval", "disapprove" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The emotion or state of disapproving of something; a negative attitude towards some situation, proposal, person, or thing, implying a judgment based on explicit or implicit standards (rational, moral, pragmatic, or etc.). This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. More specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Disapproval are #$Contempt, #$Hate, #$Abhorrence, etc. More subtly, it is often true that feelings of #$Jealousy or #$Envy manifest in superficial shows of #$Disapproval. #$Disapproval is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. COSMO note: the restriction says that a Feeling of 'Disapproval' often or typically (not always) causes the verbal act of 'ExpressingDisapproval' (which includes as a subtype 'Objecting'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disapproval' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'disapprove' in WordNet: 1. (6) disapproval - (a feeling of disliking something or what someone is doing) WN verb 'disapprove': 1. (5) disapprove - (consider bad or wrong) 2. (2) disapprove, reject - (deem wrong or inappropriate; 'I disapprove of her child rearing methods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExpressingDisapproval ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DisarmingaPerson :wnsense "disarm3v", "unarm1v" ; :wordnet "disarm", "unarm" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DisarmingaPerson'' is to take away one or more ''Weapon''s (usually a ''Gun'' or ''Knife'') from a Person who is carrying a weapon(s). This is typically done by Police. This is a transitive Action. Correspond to verb sense 3 of 'disarm' in WordNet: 3. disarm, unarm - (take away the weapons from; render harmless) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Divesting, :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weapon ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ] . :Disarranging :wnsense "disarrange2v" ; :wordnet "disarrange" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'disarrange' in WordNet: 2. disarrange - (disturb the arrangement of; \"disarrange the papers\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disordering . :Disassembling :wnsense "break apart1v", "break up8v", "disassemble1v", "dismantle2v", "take apart1v" ; :wordnet "break apart", "break up", "disassemble", "dismantle", "take apart" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disassembling'' is a ''DestructionEvent'' in which some ''AssemblyOfParts'' is taken apart by a ''\"PurposefulAction'', by disconecting the ''ComponentPart''s that had been joined to create the Object. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disassemble' in WordNet: 1. (1) disassemble, dismantle, take apart, break up, break apart - (take apart into its constituent pieces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CeasingToExist, :DestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssemblyOfParts ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Disaster :guid "c0fd58cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "calamity1n", "cataclysm2n", "catastrophe1n", "disaster2n", "tragedy1n" ; :wordnet "calamity", "cataclysm", "catastrophe", "disaster", "tragedy" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disaster'' includes all Events in which multiple things were harmed - people or structures or property. The size of a ''Disaster'' can vary widely. It can be natural or caused by people, intentionally or accidentally. It should have at least one Person harmed in some way, physically, emotionally, or financially. One issue is that great harm to a person is also referred to as a 'tragedy': The more limited 'tragedy' (see RHW definition below) is represented in COSMO as the parent type 'TragicEvent'' RHW 'tragedy: 6. a lamentable, dreadful, or fatal event or affair; calamity; disaster: the tragedy of war. CYC 'DisasterEvent': A specialization of #$Emergency. Each instance of #$DisasterEvent is a #$PhysicalDestructionEvent in which at least some of the objects destroyed or harmed are considered to be of significant value. (We use 'value' in its most general sense, to include monetary value, social value, moral value, etc.) Obviously, this is a very subjective and norm-laden concept; however, there are many things which clearly qualify as #$DisasterEvents, e.g. #$TitanicSinking, #$BombingOfHiroshima, and #$TerroristAttack-September-11-2001-NYC-PENN-WDC. Two important specializations are #$NaturalDisaster and #$ManMadeDisaster. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'disaster' in Wordnet: 2. (7) calamity, catastrophe, disaster, tragedy, cataclysm - (an event resulting in great loss and misfortune; 'the whole city was affected by the irremediable calamity'; 'the earthquake was a disaster') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadLuckEvent, :HarmingAnAgent, :PhysicalDestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disastrous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emergency ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeathOfaPerson ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Disastrous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Disaster ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Disaster ; :wnsense "calamitous1adj", "disastrous1adj", "fateful3adj" ; :wordnet "calamitous", "disastrous", "fateful" ; a :CausativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disastrous'' is an intensive form of ''Harmful'' , asserting that the Event characterized causes sufficient damage to be considered as a 'Disaster'' - physically, emotionally, professionally, or financially. This should be used for non-physical damage; for intense physical damage the subtypes of ''Damaging'' can be used. \"ruinous\" Compare to ''Devastating'': ''Disastrous'' can be used for Events that cause damage that is not physical, such as creating a social situation that makes life difficult for some Person(s). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disastrous' in Wordnet: 1. (6) black, calamitous, disastrous, fatal, fateful - ((of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin; 'the stock market crashed on Black Friday'; 'a calamitous defeat'; 'the battle was a disastrous end to a disastrous campaign'; 'such doctrines, if true, would be absolutely fatal to my theory'- Charles Darwin; 'it is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it'- Douglas MacArthur; 'a fateful error') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :Harmful . :Disavowing :wnsense "disavow1v" ; :wordnet "disavow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Disavowing'' is a ''Denying'' where the thing denied can be of several types - in language, the thing denied is usually specified in the sentence. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disavow' in WordNet: 1. disavow - (refuse to acknowledge; disclaim knowledge of; responsibility for, or association with; 'Her husband disavowed her after 30 years of marriage and six children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Denying . :Disbelief :wnsense "disbelief1n", "incredulity1n", "mental rejection1n", "skepticism1n" ; :wordnet "disbelief", "incredulity", "mental rejection", "skepticism" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disbelief' is a intenser feeling of ''Doubt'' such that a Person considers the proposition disbelieved to be very unlikely, or impossible. The 'ImpossibleThing' referenced is impossible in the opinion of the disbeliever, in some context. \"reject Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disbelief' in WordNet: 1. (3) incredulity, disbelief, skepticism, mental rejection - (doubt about the truth of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Doubt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImpossibleThing ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Disbelieving :wnsense "disbelieve1v", "discredit3v" ; :wordnet "disbelieve", "discredit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disbelieving'' is a ''Rejecting'' the truth of some Assertion that was made by someone, causing the ''MentalState''s of ''Doubting'' and ''Disbelief''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disbelieve' in WordNet: 1. (1) disbelieve, discredit - (reject as false; refuse to accept) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Rejecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :AssertingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disbelief ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doubting ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Discard :wnsense "discard1n" ; :wordnet "discard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PortableObject or Group of PortableObjects that has been discarded, in any manner. This includes cards that have been 'discarded' in a game. Something as large as a refrigerator can be a 'Discard'. The restriction requires that the act of 'Discarding' be specified, but that instance can be vague, such as specifying some structure's or some person's discarding over some interval of time. So one can represent an individual person's trash. Note that structures that are no longer used may be 'Abandoned' but not 'Discarded'. Includes senses 5 and 6 of noun 'discard' in RHW; 5. a person or thing that is cast out or rejected. 6. (Cards) a card or cards discarded. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'discard' in WordNet: 1. discard - (anything that is cast aside or discarded) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbandonedObject, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discarded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Discarding ] . :Discarded :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Discarding ; :pastPartOf "discard" ; :wnsense "discarded1adj" ; :wordnet "discarded" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of things (Objects or substances) that have been abandoned or placed in a container (or in a DrainPipe or other location) for removal as no longer useful. The attribute of a PhysicalObject that is small enough to throw away (or a substance that can be hauled or drained away), or to haul to a dump site, and has been discarded. Includes trash at the side of the road. For structures that have been abandoned, use 'Abandoned'. Past participle of 'discard'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relinquished . :Discarding :en "discarding" ; :wnsense "cast aside1v", "cast away1v", "cast out2v", "chuck out1v", "discard1v", "disposal3n", "dispose2v", "disposition2n", "fling4v", "put away2v", "throw away1v", "throw out2v", "toss away1v", "toss out1v", "toss5v" ; :wordnet "cast aside", "cast away", "cast out", "chuck out", "discard", "disposal", "dispose", "disposition", "fling", "put away", "throw away", "throw out", "toss", "toss away", "toss out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Discarding' is an intentional 'LosingControlOfAControlledObject' where the Object lost control of is a 'Discard' (a discarded object) which is something 'Unwanted'. The 'Discard' item should be specified. This is for discarding PhysicalObjects - not the example cited in Wordnet NOTE that this can be applied to non-human animals who intentionally discard things. the object of this action, after the action, has the property 'Discarded'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (for physical objects) of 'discard' in WordNet: 1. (3) discard, fling, toss, toss out, toss away, chuck out, cast aside, dispose, throw out, cast out, throw away, cast away, put away - (throw or cast away; 'Put away your worries') WN noun 'disposal': 3. (1) disposal, disposition - (the act or means of getting rid of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :ImpartingAnAttribute, :Relinquishing, :Ridding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Discard ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discarded ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :Discharge :wnsense "discharge1n" ; :wordnet "discharge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Discharge'' is a broad class of ''Phenomenon'' that is an ''EnergyTransferEvent'' including any sudden emission or transmission of any form of energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discharge' in WordNet: 1. (13) discharge - (the sudden giving off of energy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnergyTransferEvent, :Phenomenon . :Discharged :en "discharged" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Charged ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Discharged' is the state of a 'Battery' that does *not* have enough power remaining to power an Electricaldevice for enough time to perform a normal task. Batteries are seldom fully discharged, so some small power may be available to perform something, but not enough to do normal activities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceState . :DischargedLiquid :wnsense "discharge6n", "outpouring3n", "run14n" ; :wordnet "discharge", "outpouring", "run" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DischargedLiquid'' is the ''MovingLiquidObject'' that was produced by a ''DischargingaLiquid'' Action. Corresponds to part of (for liquids) noun sense 1 of 'discharge' in WordNet: 6. discharge, outpouring, run - (the pouring forth of a fluid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovingLiquidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DischargingaLiquid ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :DischargingPassengers :wnsense "discharge8v", "drop off1v", "drop8v", "set down6v", "unload1v" ; :wordnet "discharge", "drop", "drop off", "set down", "unload" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DischargingPassengers'' is a ''TakingSomethingOff'' and an ''ExitingSomething'' in which some 'driver' in control of a vehicle brings it to a stop and some Pasenger(s) get off. This can be for vehicles as small as automobiles or as large as an ocean liner. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'unload' in WordNet: 1. (3) drop, drop off, set down, put down, unload, discharge - (leave or unload, especially of passengers or cargo;) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExitingSomething, :HumanActivity, :TakingSomethingOff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnteringAVehicle ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationServiceEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :DischargingaLiquid :wnsense "discharge2v", "discharge3v", "eject2v", "expel5v", "release4v" ; :wordnet "discharge", "eject", "expel", "release" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DischargingaLiquid'' is a ''CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion'' Action in which the Object that is caused to move is a ''LiquidObject''. This does not have to be aforceful 'ejection', as it includes 'releasing' e.g. releasing water from a Dam or opening a tap on a liquid container to allow the liquid to pour out. Includes verb senses 2 and (is broader than, not just bodily fluids)) sense 3 of 'discharge' in WordNet: 2. (3) discharge - (pour forth or release; 'discharge liquids') 2. (1) discharge, expel, eject, release - (eliminate (substances) from the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, :EmittingStuff, :LiquidMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DischargedLiquid ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Disciplinal :pertainsTo :Disciplining ; :wnsense "corrective1adj", "disciplinal1adj", "disciplinary1adj", "disciplinary3adj" ; :wordnet "corrective", "disciplinal", "disciplinary" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disciplinal'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Disciplining'' of some Person, as wel as to behavior requiring ''Disciplining''. NOTE: The term 'disciplinary' is used to label the attribute pertaining to academic disciplines (fields of study). Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'disciplinary' in Wordnet: 1. disciplinary - (relating to discipline in behavior; 'disciplinary problems in the classroom') 3. corrective, disciplinary, disciplinal - (designed to promote discipline; 'the teacher's action was corrective rather than instructional'; 'disciplinal measures'; 'the mother was stern and disciplinary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Disciplinary :pertainsTo :FieldOfStudy ; :wnsense "disciplinary2adj" ; :wordnet "disciplinary" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disciplinary'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''FieldOfStudy''. NOTE: The term ''Disciplinal'' is used to label the attribute pertaining to ''Disciplining'' misbehavior. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'disciplinary' in Wordnet: 2. disciplinary - (relating to a specific field of academic study; 'economics in its modern disciplinary sense') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Discipline :wnsense "discipline3n" ; :wordnet "discipline" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a Trait of People who habitually perform ''SelfControl''. One difference between this and subtype ''SelfDiscipline'' in WordNet is that this can be performed by a ''GroupOfPeople''. This also includes a 'Discipline' instilled by training, and performed because of fear of punishment, rather than for one's own purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'discipline' in WordNet: 3. (2) discipline - (the trait of being well behaved; 'he insisted on discipline among the troops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelfControl ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Disciplined :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Training ; :isTheOppositeOf :Undisciplined ; :wnsense "disciplined2adj" ; :wordnet "disciplined" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of the term 'disciplined' is for people who have acquired a skill or habit by some form of ''Training'', either formal or by self-training. This includes both mental and physical skills or habits, including self-denial. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disciplined' in Wordnet: 2. (1) disciplined - (trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise; 'the beautiful coordination of his disciplined muscles'; 'a disciplined mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :DisciplinedToObey :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Obedience ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Disciplining ; :wnsense "chastised1adj", "corrected2adj", "disciplined1adj", "disciplined3adj" ; :wordnet "chastised", "corrected", "disciplined" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of the term 'disciplined' is for people (especially children) whose unacceptable behavior has been corrected (to some extent) by 'Disciplining''. NOTE: the two WN senses may be rearranged as subtypes: parent is punishing, subtype is obeying. The first does not necessariy lead to the latter. @ToDo. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'disciplined' in Wordnet: 1. (4) disciplined - (obeying the rules) 3. chastised, corrected, disciplined - (punished for misbehavior; \"the chastised child sat humbly in the corner\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Disciplining :en "disciplining" ; :wnsense "correct5v", "correction6n", "discipline2v", "discipline5n" ; :wordnet "correct", "correction", "discipline" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disciplining'' is an attempt at ''CorrectingBehavior'' by inflicting punishment for an offense. The type of punishment can be very mild or very severe, from sending a pupil to detention or a child for a 'time out' up to a fine of billions of dollars for Organizations. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'discipline' in WordNet: 2. discipline, correct, sort out - (punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience; 'The teacher disciplined the pupils rather frequently') WN noun 'discipline': 5. discipline, correction - (the act of punishing; 'the offenders deserved the harsh discipline they received') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConditioningSomeone, :Punishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisciplinedToObey ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obedience ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ] . :Disclaiming :wnsense "disclaim2v" ; :wordnet "disclaim" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Disclaiming''is a ''Denying'' of responsibilty or association. This is similar to ''Disavowing'', but the difference is unclear. These types should be more clearly defined. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'disclaim' in WordNet: 2. disclaim - (make a disclaimer about; 'He disclaimed any responsibility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Denying . :DisclosingaSecret :wnsense "break15v", "bring out9v", "disclose1v", "discover6v", "divulge1v", "expose2v", "give away2v", "impart3v", "let on1v", "let out2v", "reveal2v", "unwrap2v" ; :wordnet "break", "bring out", "disclose", "discover", "divulge", "expose", "give away", "impart", "let on", "let out", "reveal", "unwrap" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DisclosingaSecret'' is a ''StatingSomething'' that describes a ''Fact'' that was previously not widely known, or known to very few (a ''Secret''),and is revealed to others who did not now the hidden fact. This is not merely telling some person or small audience something they did not previously know, the thing disclosed must be previously confidential or secret. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disclose' in WordNet: 1. (19) unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, reveal, discover, expose, divulge, impart, break, give away, let out - (make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret; 'The auction house would not disclose the price at which the van Gogh had sold'; 'The actress won't reveal how old she is'; 'bring out the truth'; 'he broke the news to her'; 'unwrap the evidence in the murder case') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narrating, :PurposefulAction, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fact ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SecretInformation ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ] . :DiscoMusic :guid "be215f24-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disco music1n", "disco1n" ; :wordnet "disco", "disco music" ; a :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disco' in WordNet: 1. disco, disco music - (popular dance music (especially in the late 1970s); melodic with a regular bass beat; intended mainly for dancing at discotheques) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopularMusic . :Discoloring :wnsense "discolor1v", "discolor2v", "discolor3v" ; :wordnet "discolor" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discoloring'' is the most general Event in which some colored object changes its color - to another color, or to lose its color. This change of color is undesirable to some agent. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'discolor' in WordNet: 1. discolor - (lose color or turn colorless; 'The painting discolored') 2. discolor - (cause to lose or change color; 'The detergent discolored my shirts') 3. discolor, discolour, colour, color - (change color, often in an undesired manner; 'The shirts discolored') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :CausingChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Color ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObjectType ] . :Discomfort :wnsense "discomfort1n", "discomfort2n" ; :wordnet "discomfort" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discomfort'' is a lack of ''Comfort'', i.e. it is the Feeling that a person has when there is something that causes pain, anxiety, or any other disagreeable feeling or sensation. This is the most general ''Feeling'' of discomfort. Includes both senses of 'discomfort' in WordNet: 1. (3) discomfort, uncomfortableness - (the state of being tense and feeling pain) 2. discomfort, soreness, irritation - (an uncomfortable feeling of mental painfulness or distress) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uncomfortable ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comfort ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Disconcerting :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :UpsettingaPerson ; :wnsense "disconcerting1adj", "upsetting1adj" ; :wordnet "disconcerting", "upsetting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disconcerting'' is an attribute of Things (usually Events) that cause a Person to experience a ''UpsettingaPerson'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disconcerting' in Wordnet: 1. (2) disconcerting, upsetting - (causing an emotional disturbance; 'his disconcerting habit of greeting friends ferociously and strangers charmingly'- Herb Caen; 'an upsetting experience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Disconnecting :en "disconnecting" ; :wnsense "disconnect1v" ; :wordnet "disconnect" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Disconnecting' is an Event in which a connection between two or more PhysicalObjects is removed so that the objects are no longer connected. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disconnect' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unplug, disconnect - (pull the plug of (electrical appliances) and render inoperable; 'unplug the hair dryer after using it') 2. (1) disconnect - (make disconnected, disjoin or unfasten) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Connecting ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Discontent :wnsense "discontent1n", "discontentedness1n", "discontentment1n" ; :wordnet "discontent", "discontentedness", "discontentment" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discontent'' is a person ''Longing' that includes a mental image of a better situation that is possible. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discontent' in WordNet: 1. (2) discontentment, discontent, discontentedness - (a longing for something better than the present situation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Longing . :Discontinued :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :QuittingAction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Valid ; :wnsense "discontinued1adj" ; :wordnet "discontinued" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discontinued'' is a property of some Action that was in progress, but was then halted (for any reason). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'discontinued' in Wordnet: 1. discontinued - (stopped permanently or temporarily; 'discontinued models'; 'a discontinued magazine'; 'a discontinued conversation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :DiscontinuingaSocialRelation a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DiscontinuingaSocialRelation'' is an Action in which one or more participants in an ongoing ''SocialRelation'' terminate the interaction from their side - unilaterally or by mutual agreement. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialInteraction, :StoppingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialRelationship ; owl:onProperty :terminatesState ] . :DiscontinuousEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which there are intervals of time during which there is no change in the represented fluents. A sprts match consisting of multiple games would be one instance. The match could be considered as a single Event, but the intervals between games would not be represented as part of the Match. This differs from ''PersistentState'' in having breaks when the Event is not in progress.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :Discotheque :wnsense "disco2n", "discotheque1n" ; :wordnet "disco", "discotheque" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Discotheque'' is a ''Ballroom'' open to the public and managed by some commercial organization. The music is typically produced by playing a recording rather than by a live band - are there exceptions?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discotheque' in WordNet: 1. disco, discotheque - (a public dance hall for dancing to recorded popular music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ballroom, :NightClub, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiscoMusic ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Discounted :en "bargain priced", "on sale" ; :ened "discounted" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PriceReduction ; :wnsense "reduced2adj", "rock-bottom1adj" ; :wordnet "reduced", "rock-bottom" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discounted'' is the attribute of 'Merchandise' that is being sold at a price lower than it previously had. NOTE: this is not necessarily 'rock-bottom' but WN has no adj sense of 'discounted' Includes adjective sense 2 of'reduced' in WordNet: 2. (1) reduced, rock-bottom - (well below normal (especially in price)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Discouragement :ldoce "discouragement" ; :wnsense "discouragement1n" ; :wordnet "discouragement" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute-type associated with feeling deprived of ability to achieve some goal, which may pass quickly. More long-lasting feelings of discouragement are represented as ''Frustration''. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'discouragement' in WordNet: 1. discouragement, disheartenment, dismay - (the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disappointment . :Discouraging :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Discouragement, :DiscouragingSomeone ; :isTheOppositeOf :Encouraging ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discouraging'' is an AttributeValue of anything that tends to discourage a Person (for any reason). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'discouraging' in Wordnet: 1. (1) discouraging - (depriving of confidence or hope or enthusiasm and hence often deterring action; \"where never is heard a discouraging word\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DiscouragingSomeone :en "disencourage" ; :ldoce "discourage" ; :wnsense "discourage2v" ; :wordnet "discourage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which some Situation or some Agent causes another agent to become discouraged. This is a subtype of 'DisappointingSomeone', where the expectation that is lost is the expectation of being able to either seeing something good done or doing a certain action him/herself; in the latter case, use the subtype 'DeterringSomeone'. Deterrence comes when doing an action or achieving a state appears to be impossible. For deterrence, use 'DeterringSomeone' (the attempt) or 'DeterrenceEvent' (successful deterrence). Corresponds approximately to sense 2 of 'discourage' in WordNet; for sense 1 of 'deterring' use the subtype 'DeterringSomeone': WN 'discourage' in WordNet: 2. discourage - (deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisappointingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discouragement ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :DiscoveredThing :ldoce "discovery" ; :wnsense "discovery2n", "discovery3n" ; :wordnet "discovery" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'DiscoveredThing' is categorized by being the thing discovered in a 'Finding-Generic' Event. Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'discovery' in WordNet: 2. (8) discovery - (something that is discovered) 3. (5) discovery, breakthrough, find - (a productive insight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoundThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasFoundInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :DiscoveryEvent ] . :Discoverer :wnsense "discoverer2n" ; :wordnet "discoverer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who is the first (at least within his/her culture) to learn of some phenomenon or place - discoverer of an unknown geographic feature, discoverer of a natural phenomenon, inventor of some device, inventor of some mathematical theory. Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'discoverer' in WordNet: 1. inventor, discoverer, artificer - (someone who is the first to think of or make something) 2. finder, discoverer, spotter - (someone who is the first to observe something) little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Researcher . :DiscovererOfaPhenomenon :wnsense "discoverer2n" ; :wordnet "discoverer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person,usually a scientist, who discovers some natural phenomenon or law of nature. This is not for mathematical theories - use 'ProposerOfaTheory'. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'discoverer' in WordNet: 2. finder, discoverer, spotter - (someone who is the first to observe something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discoverer, :Scientist . :DiscovererOfaPlace :guid "bd5905a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "discoverer2n" ; :wordnet "discoverer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this sense is for discovery of unknown (to some large culture) places on Earth. Cyc: The first person known - usually just the first European - to have reached an unfamiliar place; Balboa discovered the Pacific, but Armstrong didn't discover the moon nor Marco Polo discover Cathay. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'discoverer' in WordNet: 2. finder, discoverer, spotter - (someone who is the first to observe something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discoverer, :Explorer . :DiscoveringByExcavating :wnsense "dig up1v", "excavate1v", "excavate2v", "turn up5v", "unearth2v" ; :wordnet "dig up", "excavate", "turn up", "unearth" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DiscoveringByExcavating'' is a subtype of ''Excavating'' specifically for finding buried things, as in archaeological digs or prospecting. . Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'excavate' in Wordnet: 1. excavate, unearth - (lay bare through digging; 'Schliemann excavated Troy') 2. excavate, dig up, turn up - (find by digging in the ground; 'I dug up an old box in the garden') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excavating, :LocatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurposeOfObtaining ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :DiscoveryEvent :guid "bd61c648-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "discover", "find" ; :wnsense "discover2v", "discover4v", "discover5v", "discover7v", "find2v", "find8v" ; :wordnet "discover", "find" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this sense of 'discovery' represents something found as a result of a deliberate search - the thing found is not necessarily the thing sought, incidental discoveries are included, but the discovery has to be the result of a search process for this type to apply. This is mostly for discovery of knowledge by research, and of geographic information. Although ''DiscoveryEvent'' is a subtype of ''Learning'', for ''Learning'' that is not a result of an intentional search, use the parent ''Learning'' or some other subtype. For finding objects that one has lost, use 'Finding-Generic'. Cyc: The collection of #$Events in which something is discovered, whether that thing is an object or a proposition. A discovery may be unintended, or may be the result of actions taken with the intent of causing a discovery. However, since the thing discovered was not known before the discovery, the doer of a discovery is a #$nonDeliberateActors. Corresponds to verb senses 2,4,5, and 7 of 'discover' and sense 8 of 'find' and sense 1 of 'discovery' in WordNet; certain subtypes such as scientific or geographical discovery can be distinguished as subtypes, but those subtypes are not yet (rev833) represented. in WordNet: 2. (21) discover, find - (make a discovery, make a new finding; 'Roentgen discovered X-rays'; 'Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle') 4. (16) discover, find - (make a discovery; 'She found that he had lied to her'; 'The story is false, so far as I can discover') 5. (6) fall upon, strike, come upon, light upon, chance upon, come across, chance on, happen upon, attain, discover - (find unexpectedly; 'the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb'; 'she struck a goldmine'; 'The hikers finally struck the main path to the lake') 7. (1) discover - (see for the first time; make a discovery; 'Who discovered the North Pole?') WN 'find': 8. (34) discover, find - (make a discovery, make a new finding; 'Roentgen discovered X-rays'; 'Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle') WN 'discovery' 1. (14) discovery, find, uncovering - (the act of discovering something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Finding-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Discoverer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectFound ; owl:someValuesFrom :DiscoveredThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Research ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewKnowledge ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knowledge ; owl:onProperty :improves ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewKnowledge ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :Discreet :isTheOppositeOf :Indiscreet ; :wnsense "discreet1adj" ; :wordnet "discreet" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part of (prudent) adjective sense 1 of 'discreet' in Wordnet: 1. discreet - (marked by prudence or modesty and wise self-restraint; 'his trusted discreet aide'; 'a discreet, finely wrought gold necklace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prudent . :Discreetness :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Discreet ; :wnsense "circumspection1n", "circumspection2n", "discreetness1n", "discretion2n", "discretion5n", "prudence1n", "prudence2n" ; :wordnet "circumspection", "discreetness", "discretion", "prudence" ; a :CapabilityType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discreetness'' is a type of 'GoodJudgment' in knowing how to avoid making errors in social situations. Knowing how to exercise caution in social matters, to avoid offending or embarrassing anyone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discreetness' and senses 2 and 5 of 'discretion' in WordNet: 1. discretion, discreetness, circumspection, prudence - (knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; 'the servants showed great tact and discretion') WN noun 'discretion': 5. discretion, discernment - (the trait of judging wisely and objectively; 'a man of discernment') WN noun 'circumspection': 2. circumspection, caution - (the trait of being circumspect and prudent) WN noun 'prudence': 1. (1) prudence - (discretion in practical affairs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodJudgment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discreet ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Discrepancy :wnsense "disagreement2n", "discrepancy1n", "divergence4n", "variance4n" ; :wordnet "disagreement", "discrepancy", "divergence", "variance" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Discrepancy'' is a Difference (An Attribute of an ordered pair) between an attribute observed and the corresponding attribute either (1) expected for observing the same thing, or (2) for some other thing that should have the same attribute value. This is an ordered pair of attribute values, and the first element of the Pair is that which is currently observed, and the second element is that which is expected, or that of the item to which the current observation is being compared. The value of the 'hasFirstElement' relation on an instance of ''Discrepancy'' will be the currently observed value, and the value of the 'hasSecondElement' relation will be the expected value - expected includes any comparison with a reference entity that is being compared. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'discrepancy' (for attributes or observations, not opinions) in WordNet: 1. (5) discrepancy, disagreement, divergence, variance - (a difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions; 'a growing divergence of opinion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObservedValue ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExpectedValue ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :Discrete :isAnAttributeValueOf :Group ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BeingDifferent ; :wnsense "discrete1adj", "distinct3adj" ; :wordnet "discrete", "distinct" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discrete'' is an attribute of two or more instances of 'Different' things that are different in being perceptibly separated from each other by some interval of time or space (physical or abstract) . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'discrete' in Wordnet: 1. (3) discrete, distinct - (constituting a separate entity or part; 'a government with three discrete divisions'; 'on two distinct occasions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Separate . :Discretionary :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :wnsense "discretionary1adj" ; :wordnet "discretionary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discretionary'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are not forbidden or contrary to some order fomr an authority; an Action that an agent can choose or not choose without external pressure. @ToDo: In WN the gloss uses this to characterize 'power' - this usage needs to be reviewed to see how it can be represented. Perhaps 'discretionary power and discretionary authority need to be represented as types? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'discretionary' in Wordnet: 1. (1) discretionary, discretional - (having or using the ability to act or decide according to your own discretion or judgment; 'The commission has discretionary power to award extra funds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotAgainstSomeRule . :Discriminating :isTheOppositeOf :Indiscriminate ; :wnsense "discriminate1adj", "discriminating1adj" ; :wordnet "discriminate", "discriminating" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discriminating'' is a form of ''Selective'' in which an ''IntentionalAgent'' uses some careful criterion to select the thing(s) to do, use, get, or associate with. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'discriminating' in Wordnet: 1. (1) discriminating - (showing or indicating careful judgment and discernment especially in matters of taste; 'the discriminating eye of the connoisseur') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selective . :DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup :wnsense "discriminate2v", "discrimination1n", "favoritism2n", "favouritism2n", "separate12v", "single out2v" ; :wordnet "discriminate", "discrimination", "favoritism", "favouritism", "separate", "single out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup'' is an Action in which some Person or GroupOfPeople treats members of a GroupOfPeople, usually members of a minority group, in a way different from others so that the Person discriminate against harmed in some way, as by being refused service or a job, or not allowed to use facilities available to others. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'discriminate' in WordNet: 2. (1) discriminate, separate, single out - (treat differently on the basis of sex or race) WN noun 'discrimination': 1. (6) discrimination, favoritism, favouritism - (unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrongingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Discrimination :wnsense "discrimination1n", "favoritism2n", "favouritism2n" ; :wordnet "discrimination", "favoritism", "favouritism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Discrimination'' is a ''BehaviorTowardOthers'' in which one person or group of people act in a way that harms others for no justifiable reason typically caused by some intuitive prejudice which may not even be explicitly recognized by the person performing a discriminatory act. Common discrimination may be against foreigners, minority groups, women, or any other group toward which a person harbors some negative feelings. This is a 'discrimination' *against* a person,not a 'discrimination' *between* things of different types. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discrimination' in WordNet: 1. (6) discrimination, favoritism, favouritism - (unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorTowardOthers, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :PersonType :GroupType ) ] ] . :Discus :guid "bd58b505-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "discus2n" ; :wordnet "discus" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The disk-shaped object thrown in the sport of the discus throw. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'discus' in WordNet: 2. discus, saucer - (a disk used in throwing competitions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :Disk, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "23"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "18"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :Discussion :en "discussing" ; :wnsense "discuss2v", "discussion2n", "hash out1v", "talk about1v", "talk over1v" ; :wordnet "discuss", "discussion", "hash out", "talk about", "talk over" ; a :GroupThoughtType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Discussion is a Conversation in which there is more than one statement by each of at least two participants on some topic; the statements need not be only oral, they can occur as in an email exchange, but should be communicated back and forth with little time lag. Usually a discussion involves multiple exhanges of information or opinions. A 'discussion' within a single written document is not included in this sense, but a discussion can be conducted by exchanging written documents. An exchange of postal mail letters on some topic is a borderline incoluded example of 'Discussion'. The restrictions require that (1) each instance of Discussion specify at least one topic discussed; and (2) some Topic is introduced for discussion. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'discussion' and verb sense 2 of 'discuss' (for verb sense 1 use ''Mentioning'') in WordNet: 2. (25) discussion, give-and-take, word - (an exchange of views on some topic; 'we had a good discussion'; 'we had a word or two about it') WN verb 'discuss': 2. (30) hash out, discuss, talk over - (speak with others about (something); talk (something) over in detail; have a discussion; 'We discussed our household budget') 1. (58) discourse, talk about, discuss - (to consider or examine in speech or writing; 'The article covered all the different aspects of this question'; 'The class discussed Dante's 'Inferno'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaisingaTopic ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :DiscussionForum :wnsense "forum1n" ; :wordnet "forum" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DiscussionForum'' is a ''FormalMeeting'' held to allow members of the public to ask questions of a moderator or group of 'panelists' or to answer questions from a moderator or panelists. Not every meeting that allows questons is a ''DiscussionForum'' - the questons have to be the main purpose and bulk of time of the ''DiscussionForum'', not presentations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forum' in WordNet: 1. forum - (a public meeting or assembly for open discussion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalMeeting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Public ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discussion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Disease :wnsense "disease1n" ; :wordnet "disease" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Disease'' is any abnormal ''OrganismCondition'' in any Plant of Animal (not for microorganisms) that impairs some function of the Organism. NOTE: the distinction between diseases of Animals and those of Plants are not obvious in WordNet or CYC. This generic''Disease'' covers both. The subtypes ''AnimalDisease''and ''PlantDisease''are more specific. Note also that ''AilmentCOndition'' applie only to animals, so it is not a parent of this type, which includes plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disease' in WordNet: 1. (27) disease - (an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :HavingSomething, :OrganismCondition, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Harmful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malfunctioning ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :DiseaseCarrier :wnsense "carrier9n", "immune carrier1n" ; :wordnet "carrier", "immune carrier" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: a ''DiseaseCarrier'' does not necessarily have any ''MedicalSymptom'', and does not have to be immune (as indicated in the WN gloss). A Person can be a 'carrier' at any stage of having a contagious disease, before developing immunity. The concept of 'immune carrier' could be broken out as a subtype. RHW 'carrier' 8. Immunol. an individual harboring specific pathogenic organisms who, though often immune to the agent harbored, may transmit the disease to others. Includes but is broader than noun sense 9 of 'carrier' in WordNet: 9. carrier, immune carrier - ((medicine) a person (or animal) who has some pathogen to which he is immune but who can pass it on to others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infectious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DiseaseGroup a :GroupType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DiseaseGroup'' is a ''Group'' of ''Disease''s. This can represent multiple ''Disease''s in one Organism, or a particular type of ''Disease' in multiple Organisms, as in an ''Epidemic''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AnimalDisease ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :DiseaseProcess :en "disease process" ; :enn "disease process" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DiseaseProcess is a PhysicalProcess (not an Event) which, over some period of time, results in an AilmentCondition (i.e. illness, sickness, disease), which is a PersistentState that has a starting and ending point in time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalProcess . :DiseaseVector :wnsense "transmitter2n", "vector3n" ; :wordnet "transmitter", "vector" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DiseaseVector'' is an Organism (often an insect) that can carry an infectious disease ad transmit it to other Organisms. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vector' in WordNet: 3. vector, transmitter - (any agent (person or animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits a disease; 'mosquitos are vectors of malaria and yellow fever'; 'fleas are vectors of the plague'; 'aphids are transmitters of plant diseases'; 'when medical scientists talk about vectors they are usually talking about insects') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentInRole, :Organism, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Organism ; owl:onProperty :hasRoleFiller ] . :Disempowering :en "disempower" ; :enn "disempower" ; :env "disempower" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disempowering'' is a ''Depriving'' of Power or rights by any means, usually some action of a government or other authority. RHW 'disempower': to deprive of influence, importance, etc.: Voters feel they have become disempowered by recent political events. No WN sense for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depriving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingaPower ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Powerless ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Disenchanted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Disenchanting ; :wnsense "disenchanted1adj", "disillusioned1adj", "enlightened3adj" ; :wordnet "disenchanted", "disillusioned", "enlightened" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To become 'Disenchanted'' is to lose one's ''Illusion''s about some topic(s). WN gloss for 'disenchanted' specifies 'freed from enchantment' but the common sense of 'enchantment' refers to a form of loving a Person, and this type is for ErroneousBeliefs, not emotions. That form of 'enchantment' needs a different representation. The RHW definition includes 'enchantment' in the sense intended here - ilusions or credulity. RHW 'disenchant' to rid of or free from enchantment, illusion, credulity, etc.; disillusion: The harshness of everyday reality disenchanted him of his idealistic Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disenchanted' in Wordnet: 1. disenchanted - (freed from enchantment) WN 'disillusioned': 1. disillusioned, enlightened - (freed from illusion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Disenchanting :eng "disenchanting", "disillusioning" ; :wnsense "disenchant1v", "disillusion1v" ; :wordnet "disenchant", "disillusion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disenchanting'' is a transitive Action in which some Agent loses some ''Illusion'' (a false belief) by some Event (possibly by some action such as being informed of something by another Person). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disenchant' in WordNet: 1. disenchant, disillusion - (free from enchantment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingDisappointed, :Enlightening, :LosingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disenchantment ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disenchanted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illusion ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ] . :Disenchantment :wnsense "disenchantment1n", "disillusion1n", "disillusionment1n" ; :wordnet "disenchantment", "disillusion", "disillusionment" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disenchantment'' is a form of ''Edification'' that allows a Person to recognize past ''ErroneousBelief''s and assimilate the new information into a larger view of some topic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disenchantment' in WordNet: 1. disenchantment, disillusion, disillusionment - (freeing from false belief or illusions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Edification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disenchanting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Disequilibrium :wnsense "disequilibrium1n", "imbalance3n", "instability1n", "unbalance1n" ; :wordnet "disequilibrium", "imbalance", "instability", "unbalance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disequilibrium' in WordNet: 1. disequilibrium - (loss of equilibrium attributable to an unstable situation in which some forces outweigh others) WN noun 'instability': 3. imbalance, instability, unbalance - (a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium; 'a hormonal imbalance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unbalanced ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Instability ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Disgruntled :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :BadMood ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Disgruntling ; :isTheOppositeOf :Happy ; :wnsense "disgruntled1adj" ; :wordnet "disgruntled" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disgruntled'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is ''Dissatisfied'' to the point where it puts that Person into a ''BadMood''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disgruntled' in Wordnet: 1. disgruntled, dissatisfied - (in a state of sulky dissatisfaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dissatisfied, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Disgruntling :wnsense "disgruntle1v" ; :wordnet "disgruntle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disgruntling'' is a ''DissatisfyingEvent'' that Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disgruntle' in WordNet: 1. disgruntle - (put into a bad mood or into bad humour; 'The employees were disgruntled by their bad working conditions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnpleasantEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BadMood ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BadMood ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ] . :Disguise :wnsense "disguise2n" ; :wordnet "disguise" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Disguise'' is some item or combination of items worn on a person's body to conceal that person's identity by making her/him look like someone else, such as a mask or makeup or some artcle of clothing that can misrepresent the identity of a Person. This is *not* for disguising inanimate objects to look different (e.g. camouflaging) or for the makeup worn by actors to look like the person they are portraying (which would need another subtype of ''GenericDisguise''). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'disguise' in WordNet: 2. disguise - (any attire that modifies the appearance in order to conceal the wearer's identity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :SomethingToWear . :Disguising :wnsense "disguise1v", "disguise3n" ; :wordnet "disguise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disguising'' is the action of changing the appearance of something to make it look like something else. This can be for inanimate objects as well as people. Corresponds to noun sense 3 and part of verb sense 1 of 'disguise' (for physical appearance) in WordNet: 1. (1) disguise - (make unrecognizable; 'The herb disguises the garlic taste'; 'We disguised our faces before robbing the bank') WN noun 'disguise' 3. disguise, camouflage - (the act of concealing the identity of something by modifying its appearance; \"he is a master of disguise\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disguise ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :Disgust :guid "bd58b1cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disgust1n" ; :wordnet "disgust" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A feeling of repulsion or aversion towards something considered distasteful or repugnant. This is a #$Collection - - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Disgust include feelings of #$Abhorrence. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disgust' in WordNet: 1. (1) disgust - (strong feelings of dislike) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dislike . :Disgusted :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Disgust ; :wnsense "disgusted1adj", "fed up1adj", "sick of1adj", "sick4adj", "tired of1adj" ; :wordnet "disgusted", "fed up", "sick", "sick of", "tired of" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disgusted'' is the attribute of a Person who is feeling ''Disgst''. This can be a temporary or longer lasting state. In CYC this attribute is the person feelng disgust, here in COSMO it is the attribute of such a Person. CYC: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being disgusted. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. This is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'disgusted' (not just being tired of something, but actually experiening a Feeling of disgust) in Wordnet: 1. (2) disgusted, fed up, sick, sick of, tired of - (having a strong distaste from surfeit; 'grew more and more disgusted'; 'fed up with their complaints'; 'sick of it all'; 'sick to death of flattery'; 'gossip that makes one sick'; 'tired of the noise and smoke') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Disgusting :isMoreIntenseThan :Awful ; :perceivingCausesMentalEvent :Disgust ; :wnsense "abhorrent1adj", "detestable1adj", "disgustful1adj", "disgusting1adj", "distasteful1adj", "foul1adj", "loathly1adj", "loathsome2adj", "obscene2adj", "repellant2adj", "repellent1adj", "repelling1adj", "repugnant1adj", "repulsive1adj", "revolting1adj", "skanky1adj", "wicked5adj", "yucky1adj" ; :wordnet "abhorrent", "detestable", "disgustful", "disgusting", "distasteful", "foul", "loathly", "loathsome", "obscene", "repellant", "repellent", "repelling", "repugnant", "repulsive", "revolting", "skanky", "wicked", "yucky" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disgusting'' is an attribute of things (objects or events) that provoke ''Disgust''. Approxmate opposite of ''Admirable''?? WN antonym = 'inoffensive' This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'disgusting' and adjective sense 1 of 'revolting' and includes sense 1 of 'repugnant' in WordNet. 1. disgusting, disgustful, distasteful, foul, loathly, loathsome, repellent, repellant, repelling, revolting, skanky, wicked, yucky - (highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust; 'a disgusting smell'; 'distasteful language'; 'a loathsome disease'; 'the idea of eating meat is repellent to me'; 'revolting food'; 'a wicked stench') WN 'repugnant': 1. abhorrent, detestable, obscene, repugnant, repulsive - (offensive to the mind; 'an abhorrent deed'; 'the obscene massacre at Wounded Knee'; 'morally repugnant customs'; 'repulsive behavior'; 'the most repulsive character in recent novels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awful, :VeryBad . :Dish :ldoce "dish" ; :wnsense "dish1n" ; :wordnet "dish" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A 'Holder' for 'Food' while the 'Food' is being eaten. Note that this is a nearly flat dish, not a bowl or cup. This type includes wooden,metal, plastic, and glass Dishes. Dishes that are made of ceramic would also be instances of 'China-Dinnerware' RHW sense 1: an open, relatively shallow container of pottery, glass, metal, wood, etc., used for various purposes, esp. for holding or serving food. NOTE that 'Plate' is a subtype of 'Dish'; in COSMO a 'Plate' is a type of Dish that is intended to be the shallow container from which one actually eats solid foods (as contrasted with serving food). This seems to be the sense in RHW: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dish' in Wordnet: 1. (9) dish - (a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food; 'we gave them a set of dishes for a wedding present') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingVessel, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :NearlyFlatHolder, :SmallObject, :Tableware . :DishCloth :en "dish-cloth" ; :wnsense "dishcloth1n", "dishrag1n" ; :wordnet "dishcloth", "dishrag" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PieceOfCloth'' used for washing dishes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dishcloth' in Wordnet: 1. dishrag, dishcloth - (a cloth for washing dishes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfCloth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingDishes ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :DishOfFood :wnsense "dish2n" ; :wordnet "dish" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DishOfFood'' is a FoodObject that consists of one type of food, and, if a meal has more than one 'course', would be one of the courses.. Broadly used to include any type of food considered as having distinctive properties in itsef. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dish' in WordNet: 2. (3) dish - (a particular item of prepared food; 'she prepared a special dish for dinner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, :PleasantThing, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meal ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :DishPan :en "dish-pan" ; :wnsense "dishpan1n" ; :wordnet "dishpan" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DishPan'' is a large-ish ''Pan'' large enough to be used to hold water and place dishes and other ''FoodUtensil''s in it to be washed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dishpan' in Wordnet: 1. dishpan - (large pan for washing dishes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingDishes ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DishTowel :guid "bd58d269-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dish towel1n", "dishtowel1n", "tea towel1n" ; :wordnet "dish towel", "dishtowel", "tea towel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small, approximately one-square-foot, towel-like cloth used in the kitchen, usually for drying dishes or hands. Not a #$DishRag. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dish towel' in WordNet: 1. dishtowel, dish towel, tea towel - (a towel for drying dishes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothTowel . :Dishes :en "dishes" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'Dishes' is the group of objects referred to when one 'does the dishes' i.e. washes the tableware after a Meal - including any kind of ''Tableware''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :Tableware, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Tableware ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Dishonest :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Dishonesty ; :isTheOppositeOf :Honest ; :wnsense "dishonest1adj", "dishonest2adj", "dishonorable1adj" ; :wordnet "dishonest", "dishonorable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of people who are disposed (at least momentarily) to tell a lie or to steal or to cheat or defraud other people. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'dishonest' in WordNet: 1. (1) dishonest, dishonorable - (deceptive or fraudulent; disposed to cheat or defraud or deceive) 2. dishonest - (lacking honesty and oblivious to what is honorable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Improper . :Dishonesty :wnsense "dishonesty2n", "knavery1n" ; :wordnet "dishonesty", "knavery" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dishonesty'' is any act in which one Person lies, steals, cheats, or obtains property from another under false pretenses. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dishonesty' in WordNet: 2. dishonesty, knavery - (lack of honesty; acts of lying or cheating or stealing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfringingARule, :ViolatingAnObligation, :Wrongdoing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dishonest ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :violatesRule ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MoralPrinciple :PropositionType :SpecificationType :ObligationType ) ] ] . :Dishwasher :guid "bd58c975-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dish washer1n", "dishwasher1n", "dishwashing machine1n" ; :wordnet "dish washer", "dishwasher", "dishwashing machine" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dishwasher' in WordNet: 1. (1) dishwasher, dish washer, dishwashing machine - (a machine for washing dishes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningDevice, :DurableGood, :ElectricalDevice, :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingDishes ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Disincentive :wnsense "deterrence1n", "disincentive1n" ; :wordnet "deterrence", "disincentive" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Disincentive'' is a ''RationaleForAction'' (a ''Motive'') that refers to a ''FutureSituation'' that is a ''BadThing'' (something ''Undesirable'') thereby motivating avoidance) The 'IncentivizingPromisedAction' is a 'UndesirableThing' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disincentive' in WordNet: 1. disincentive, deterrence - (a negative motivational influence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RationaleForAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :IncentivizingPromisedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :UndesirableThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AvoidanceAction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Disinclination :wnsense "disinclination2n" ; :wordnet "disinclination" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disinclination'' is a ''Feeling'' of 'Reluctance'' due to some form of 'dislike' or 'disapproval' of the Action suggested. NOTE\" 'disinclination' is here broken out of the ''Reluctance'' synset, to add the notion that the Person experiencing ''Disinclination'' has some reason, such as dislike or disapproval. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'disinclination' in WordNet: 2. reluctance, hesitancy, hesitation, disinclination, indisposition - (a certain degree of unwillingness; 'a reluctance to commit himself'; 'his hesitancy revealed his basic indisposition'; 'after some hesitation he agreed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reluctance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disinclined ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Disinclined :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Disinclination ; :wnsense "disinclined1adj" ; :wordnet "disinclined" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disinclined'' is the attribute of someone who is 'reluctant' to do something Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disinclined' in Wordnet: 1. disinclined - (unwilling because of mild dislike or disapproval; 'disinclined to say anything to anybody') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reluctant . :Disinfectant :canKill :MicroLifeForm ; :isUsedInAction :Disinfecting ; :wnsense "antimicrobial1n", "antimicrobic1n", "disinfectant1n", "germicide1n" ; :wordnet "antimicrobial", "antimicrobic", "disinfectant", "germicide" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Disinfectant'' is a substance that can kill microorganisms on contact. It is used to reduce the level of pathogenic or otherwise harmful microorganisms where they are not wanted,(especially on surfaces) but it is not used internally, as disinfectants may be poisonous when ingested. Corresponds to *part* (fr substances) of noun sense 1 of 'disinfectant' in WordNet: 1. disinfectant, germicide, antimicrobic, antimicrobial - (an agent (as heat or radiation or a chemical) that destroys microorganisms that might carry disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :Disinfecting :wnsense "disinfect1v" ; :wordnet "disinfect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disinfecting'' is a ''CleaningEvent'' whose purpose is to kill any microorganisms (especially pathogenic ones) in or on some PhysicalObject. The term 'disinfect' usually refers to killing microorganisms on or near the *surface* of some Object, often part of the human body, or objects such as door knobs or handles that are touched by multiple people and can serve to transmit infectious diseases. For the narrower included sensse of killing microorganisms inside a volume of liquid or a chamber, use the subtype ''Sterilizing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disinfect' in WordNet: 1. disinfect - (destroy microorganisms or pathogens by cleansing; 'disinfect a wound') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningEvent, :Killing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MicroLifeForm ; owl:onProperty :hadOrganismKilled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disinfectant ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :Disinflation :wnsense "disinflation1n" ; :wordnet "disinflation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Disinflation' is a 'Deflation' caused intentionally by government authorities, to improve the balance of payments. RHW: 'Econ. a period or process of slowing the rate of inflation' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disinflation' in WordNet: 1. disinflation - (a reduction of prices intended to improve the balance of payments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflation . :Disinheriting :wnsense "disinherit1v", "disown1v" ; :wordnet "disinherit", "disown" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disinheriting'' is a ''Depriving'' of some Person of some form of Property (Assets) where the Person deprived would normally be an Heir to some part of the estate of the Person doing the ''Disinheriting''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disinherit' in WordNet: 1. disinherit, disown - (prevent deliberately (as by making a will) from inheriting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depriving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InheritingProperty ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Disintegrating :eng "disintegrating" ; :wnsense "disintegrate1v", "disintegration2n" ; :wordnet "disintegrate", "disintegration" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disintegrating'' is a specific subtype of ''ComingApart'' in which the Event results in multiple parts of the whole ''PhysicalObject'' separating from each other. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disintegrate' in WordNet: 1. (2) disintegrate - (break into parts or components or lose cohesion or unity; 'The material disintegrated'; 'the group disintegrated after the leader died') WN noun 'disintegration': 2. dissolution, disintegration - (separation into component parts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decaying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :Disk :wnsense "disc4n", "disk2n", "disk3n" ; :wordnet "disc", "disk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any disk-shaped object, such as a wheel or a CD or a phonograph record, or a dinner plate or a round wearable button - the latter two being only approximately disk-shaped. But a shallow soup bowl is not flat enough to qualify as a Disk. A borderline case would be a wheel like a vehicle tire. Includes noun senses 2, and 3 of 'disk' in Wordnet; sense 3 is the subtype ''VinylRecord'': in WordNet: 2. (4) disk, disc - (a flat circular plate) 3. phonograph record, phonograph recording, record, disk, disc, platter - (sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove; used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :RoundObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskGeometrical ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RotationallySymmetric ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :DiskDrive :wnsense "Winchester drive1n", "disc drive1n", "disk drive1n", "hard drive1n" ; :wordnet "Winchester drive", "disc drive", "disk drive", "hard drive" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes optical disk drives - a traditional 'hard drive' should be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disk drive' in WordNet: 1. disk drive, disc drive, hard drive, Winchester drive - (computer hardware that holds and spins a magnetic or optical disk and reads and writes information on it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerPeripheralDevice, :ComputerStorageDevice . :DiskGeometrical :wnsense "disk1n", "disk2n" ; :wordnet "disk" ; a :ObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Geometrical, abstract disk. NOTE: this is a 'shape', not a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to part (for the abstract object or shape) of noun sense 1 of 'disk' in WordNet: 1. (12) disk, disc, saucer - (something with a round shape like a flat circular plate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoundObject, :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disk ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :DiskJockey :en "DJ" ; :enn "DJ" ; :wnsense "disc jockey1n", "disk jockey1n", "dj1n" ; :wordnet "disc jockey", "disk jockey", "dj" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DiskJockey'' plays recorded music for an audience, and often makes comments between the recordnings. This Person is categorized as a ''Musician'' although the only 'musical instrument' played may be the record player. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disk jockey' in WordNet: 1. disk jockey, disc jockey, dj - (a person who announces and plays popular recorded music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Musician, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnnouncingOnRadioOrTV ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :DiskShaped :wnsense "disc-shaped1adj", "disclike1adj", "discoid1adj", "discoidal1adj", "disk-shaped1adj", "disklike1adj" ; :wordnet "disc-shaped", "disclike", "discoid", "discoidal", "disk-shaped", "disklike" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Attribute of an object that is thin in one dimension and circular in the other two dimensions, with the thin dimension less than one-tenth the length of the diameter of the circle. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disk-shaped' in Wordnet: 1. discoid, discoidal, disklike, disclike, disk-shaped, disc-shaped - (having a flat circular shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Circular, :SheetLike . :Diskette :en "removable disk" ; :guid "bd58c07b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diskette1n", "floppy disk1n", "floppy1n" ; :wordnet "diskette", "floppy", "floppy disk" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$ComputerDiskType. Each instance of #$FloppyDisk is a circular piece of thin, #$Flexible magnetic material in a square plastic cover. #$FloppyDisks are used to record and store computer data. Notable specializations are #$FiveAndAQuarterInchFloppyDisk and #$ThreeAndAHalfInchFloppyDisk. NOTE: the small high density diskettes in rigid holders are not 'floppy'. These might be better represented as a subtype. NOTE that the magnetic component is disk-shaped, but the whole Device represented here is usually packaged in a square holder, which is the object inserted and removed from a ''DiskDrive''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'floppy disk' in WordNet: 1. diskette, floppy, floppy disk - (a small plastic magnetic disk enclosed in a stiff envelope with a radial slit; used to store data or programs for a microcomputer; 'floppy disks are noted for their relatively slow speed and small capacity and low price') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerStorageDevice, :MagneticDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskDrive ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Dislike :guid "bd58a553-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dislike2n" ; :wordnet "dislike" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Dislike is some agent's feeling of disaffection or disaffinity for an agent, event, or thing. Instances of #$Dislike vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, and/or the object of dislike. Specializations of #$Dislike include #$Contempt, #$Hate, and #$Disgust. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dislike' in Wordnet: 2. (2) dislike - (a feeling of aversion or antipathy; 'my dislike of him was instinctive') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :Disliking :en "have a dislike" ; :eng "having a dislike" ; :env "have a dislike" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HavingaDislike'' is ''HavingaFeeling'', a stative Event during which some 'Person' has a ''Feeling''. This differs from the ''Feeling'' in that it does not focus on the ''Feeling'' itself, but on the consequences or implications of the state of having that Feeling. The same consequences or implications may be assigned to the Feeling itself, and this is only subtly different from the Feeling itself, but seems to be distinguishable. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingaFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dislike ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NotWantingAnAction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Disloyal :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "disloyal1adj", "unpatriotic1adj" ; :wordnet "disloyal", "unpatriotic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disloyal' in Wordnet: 1. unpatriotic, disloyal - (showing lack of love for your country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Dismaying :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Consternation ; :wnsense "alarming1v", "appalling1v", "dismaying1v" ; :wordnet "alarming", "appalling", "dismaying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dismaying'' is an attribute of Things (usually Events) that cause a reaction of 'alarm; or 'dismay' or 'consternation'.. See also related 'Appalling''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'alarming' in Wordnet: 1. alarming - (causing alarm or fear) WN adj 'appalling': 1. (4) appalling, dismaying - (causing consternation; 'appalling conditions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Dismissing :en "dismissing" ; :wnsense "dismiss1v", "disregard2v", "ignore2v" ; :wordnet "dismiss", "disregard", "ignore" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Dismissing' is an intentional Action in which an Agent decides that something is of no significance - it goes beyond Ignoring to a point of conscious judging that something *should* be ignored. This corresponds to sense 2 verb 'ignore' and sense 1 of 'dismiss' in WordNet: 2. (14) dismiss, disregard, brush aside, brush off, discount, push aside, ignore - (bar from attention or consideration; 'She dismissed his advances') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ignoring . :Dismissive :isAnAttributeValueOf :IndivisibleThing ; :wnsense "dismissive1adj", "dismissive2adj" ; :wordnet "dismissive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'dismissive' in Wordnet: 1. dismissive - (showing indifference or disregard; 'a dismissive shrug') 2. dismissive - (tending to dismiss or reject; 'a dismissive gesture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DisneyCorporation a :Corporation . :Disneyland :isOwnedBy :DisneyCorporation ; :wasCreatedBy :DisneyCorporation ; a :AmusementPark . :Disobedience :wnsense "disobedience1n" ; :wordnet "disobedience" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Disobedience'' is a PersistentState in which some 'IntentionalAgent' refrains from performing an Action demanded by some ''Authority''. When performed by a child in defiance of a parent or other authority, it may be considered as ''Naughtiness'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disobedience' in Wordnet: 1. (7) disobedience, noncompliance - (the failure to obey) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refraining . :Disobedient :isTheAttributeOfAnAgentEngagedIn :Disobedience ; :isTheOppositeOf :Obedient ; :wnsense "disobedient1adj", "disobedient2adj", "unruly2adj" ; :wordnet "disobedient", "unruly" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Disobedient' is an attribute of a person who either in one instance or habitually refuses to obey the demands of another person; the attribute of a person who performs an act of 'Disobedience'. As a subtype of 'bad behavior' this is subsumed under ''Naughty''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'disobedient' in WordNet: 1. (2) disobedient - (not obeying or complying with commands of those in authority; 'disobedient children') 2. disobedient, unruly - (unwilling to submit to authority; 'unruly teenagers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Naughty . :Disobeying :eng "disobeying" ; :wnsense "disobey1v" ; :wordnet "disobey" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disobeying'' is a ''Refusing' to obey an order. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disobey' in WordNet: 1. (4) disobey - (refuse to go along with; refuse to follow; be disobedient; 'He disobeyed his supervisor and was fired') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refusing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ordering ] . :Disorder :wnsense "disorder2n", "disorderliness1n" ; :wordnet "disorder", "disorderliness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState without ''Orderliness'', in which the arrangement of objects is not as expected or as intended, or where multiple things do not conform to a rule. This type represents a 'low level' of ''Orderliness''; for a complete Absence.of ''Orderliness' use subtype ''Chaos''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'disorder' in WordNet: 2. disorderliness, disorder - (a condition in which things are not in their expected places; 'the files are in complete disorder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orderliness ; owl:onProperty :isaLowLevelOf ] . :Disordering :wnsense "disarray1v", "disorder2v" ; :wordnet "disarray", "disorder" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for undoing the 'order' of some ''ObjectGroup'' so that it no longer has a definable 'order', although it may have been disordered to start. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'disorder' in WordNet: 2. disorder, disarray - (bring disorder to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObjectGroup ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unordered ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :DisorderingChange a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DisorderingChange'' is a change from relatively Tidy to relatively Untidy. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeTypeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appearance ; owl:onProperty :hadAttributeTypeChanged ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tidy ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Untidy ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeAfter ] . :Disorderly :isAnAttributeValueOf :DisorderlyActivity ; :wnsense "disorderly1adj" ; :wordnet "disorderly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"unordered\" Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disorderly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) disorderly - (undisciplined and unruly; 'disorderly youths'; 'disorderly conduct') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unorganized . :DisorderlyActivity :wnsense "commotion1n", "disorder3n", "disruption2n", "disturbance3n", "disturbance5n", "flutter3n", "hoo-ha1n", "hoo-hah1n", "hurly burly1n", "incident2n", "kerfuffle1n", "to-do1n" ; :wordnet "commotion", "disorder", "disruption", "disturbance", "flutter", "hoo-ha", "hoo-hah", "hurly burly", "incident", "kerfuffle", "to-do" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An activity characterized by some GroupOfPeople having some form of conflict that inhibits orderly activity (''PurposefulAction'') by the group. This type of action occurs when some organized orderly process is expected to occur and is interrupted. The magnitude of the disturbance can be small or large. For larger disturbances use subtype ''Havoc'' Includes noun sense 3 of 'disorder' and sense 3 of 'disturbance, and noun sense 2 of 'incident' in Wordnet: 3. disorder - (a disturbance of the peace or of public order) WN noun 'disturbance': 3. (1) disturbance, disruption, commotion, flutter, hurly burly, to-do, hoo-ha, hoo-hah, kerfuffle - (a disorderly outburst or tumult; 'they were amazed by the furious disturbance they had caused') 5. (1) disturbance - (the act of disturbing something or someone; setting something in motion) WN noun 'incident': 2. incident - (a public disturbance; 'the police investigated an incident at the bus station') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanGroupActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disorderly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PurposefulAction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Disorganized :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Disorder ; :wnsense "disorganised1adj", "disorganized1adj" ; :wordnet "disorganised", "disorganized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disorganized' in Wordnet: 1. (2) disorganized, disorganised - (lacking order or methodical arrangement or function; 'a disorganized enterprise'; 'a thousand pages of muddy and disorganized prose'; 'she was too disorganized to be an agreeable roommate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Disparagement :wnsense "depreciation3n", "derogation1n", "disparagement1n" ; :wordnet "depreciation", "derogation", "disparagement" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Disparagement'' is a ''DisrespectfulComment'' that is the *information content* of the message produced by a ''DisparagingAction''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disparagement' in WordNet: 1. (1) disparagement, depreciation, derogation - (a communication that belittles somebody or something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisrespectfulComment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disrespectful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Disparaging :isAnAttributeValueOf :DisparagingAction ; :wnsense "disparaging1adj" ; :wordnet "disparaging" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Disparaging'' comment is ''Disrespectful'' while expressing a low opinion of something, usually a ''Person''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disparaging' in Wordnet: 1. derogative, derogatory, disparaging - (expressive of low opinion; 'derogatory comments'; 'disparaging remarks about the new house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disrespectful . :DisparagingAction :eng "disparaging" ; :wnsense "belittle2v", "deprecate2v", "depreciate1v", "disparage1v", "disparagement2n", "dispraise1n", "pick at3v", "vilipend1v" ; :wordnet "belittle", "deprecate", "depreciate", "disparage", "disparagement", "dispraise", "pick at", "vilipend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''DisparagingAction'' is a ''Criticizing'' intended to assert not only that there are major faults in another's behavior or ideas, but to imply that the Person doing that behavior or proposing those ideas is inferior in some intellectual or moral capacity. Corresponds approximately (expresses a stronger negative attitude than) verb sense 1 of 'disparage' in WordNet: 1. disparage, belittle, pick at - (express a negative opinion of; 'She disparaged her student's efforts') WN noun 'disparagement' 2. disparagement, dispraise - (the act of speaking contemptuously of) WN verb 'deprecate': 2. deprecate, depreciate, vilipend - (belittle; 'The teacher should not deprecate his student's efforts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criticizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disparagement ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Disparate :wnsense "disparate1adj" ; :wordnet "disparate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Disparate' is a more intense degree of ''Different'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disparate' in Wordnet: 1. (2) disparate - (fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind; 'such disparate attractions as grand opera and game fishing'; 'disparate ideas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Different . :Disparity :wnsense "disparity1n" ; :wordnet "disparity" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, :QualityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Disparity'' is a type of ''Inequality'' between two or more Groups. RHW: lack of similarity or equality; inequality; difference: a disparity in age; disparity in rank. The term 'disparity' is often used to refer to inequality of social starus between groups of people, expecially rich and poor: RHW 'inequality': 2. social disparity: inequality between the rich and the poor. The parent type ''Inequality'' is the general type of any two or more things being 'unequal' in any respect. This subtype ''Disparity'' is used to represent the more specific type of ''Inequality'' between two or more ''GroupOfPeople''s (usually two) with respect to living conditions, typically due to differences in income and/or wealth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disparity' in WordNet: 1. disparity - (inequality or difference in some respect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inequality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :TwoHumanGroups ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :subjectsHaveDifference ; owl:someValuesFrom :DifferenceInSocialStates ] . :Dispenser :wnsense "dispenser1n" ; :wordnet "dispenser" ; a :ContainerType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container for storing and conveniently dispensing substances or objects (as in vending machines) in any of various forms - liquid, paste, semisolid, or granular or SolidObjects. This is a broad category that includes toothpaste tubes, salt shakers, milk cartons, bottles, spraying devices that have the container as part of the device. The subtypes differ in the manner in which the dispensing is accomplished (pour, squeeze, invert and shake, spray). The contents must be dispensable in quantities smaller than half the amount that the container can contain, so that more than one typical dose is contained in the Dispenser. This sense of 'Dispenser' is for dispensers that can be held in one hand - SmallObjects. When dispensing, they may be held in both hands, or even carried on the back or shoulder (such as with a spray container for applying garden insecticide). This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dispenser' in WordNet: 1. (1) dispenser - (a container so designed that the contents can be used in prescribed amounts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DispensingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToDispense ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DispensingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :DispensingMedication :wnsense "administer4v", "dispense3v" ; :wordnet "administer", "dispense" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DispensingMedication' can be performed in any of multiple way, including giving a bottle of pills to someone, injecting something, or applying medication to the skin, or giving it in food or drink or in a vapor or powder that is inhaled. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dispense' in WordNet: 3. administer, dispense - (give or apply (medications)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DispensingSomething, :GivingEvent . :DispensingSomething :wnsense "dispense1v" ; :wordnet "dispense" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'DispensingSomething' is an Action in which an Agent causes a portion of a Substance (or part of a Group of Objects) to go from one storage location to some other location(s) in a controlled manner. This can be transferring something to one location, or Corresponds to part of Wordnet verb sense 1 of 'dispense' and sense 1 of 'distribute. The WordNet sense is more general, including dispensing abstract things like money. This sense is more specialized than Wordnet sense 1. However, WordNet sense 3 is even more specialized, being restricted to dispensing medication. WN verb 'dispense' in WordNet: 1. (3) distribute, administer, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense, shell out, deal out, dish out, allot, dole out - (administer or bestow, as in small portions; 'administer critical remarks to everyone present'; 'dole out some money'; 'shell out pocket money for the children'; 'deal a blow to someone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere . :DispersingaCrowd :ldoce "scatter" ; :wnsense "break up1v", "dispel2v", "disperse2v", "dissipate1v", "scatter1v" ; :wordnet "break up", "dispel", "disperse", "dissipate", "scatter" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DispersingaCrowd'' is a ''ScatteringObjects'' Action in which the 'objects' are a GroupOfAnimals (people or beasts), and the scattering action is by some means other than physically moving the objects to a new location. 'dispersing a mob' with tear gas would be an example, as would intentionally causing animals to run away by making a loud noise.. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disperse' in WordNet: 2. (1) disperse, dissipate, dispel, break up, scatter - (to cause to separate and go in different directions; 'She waved her hand and scattered the crowds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScatteringObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfAnimals ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :DispersionOfStuff :guid "bfeb727b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: parent is changed to 'Diffusing'. This is the collection of dispersion events. These are events in which some member of an #$ExistingStuffType becomes dispersed in some other instance of an #$ExistingStuffType. This would include cream mixing into coffee, radioactive fallout spreading over a large area, a powdery substance blowing away in the wind, sarin gas being released in the Tokyo subway. One can also speak of groups of large objects such as people dispersing into a crowd. While obviously related to the present notion, such events would not fall under #$DispersionOfStuff. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diffusing, :Mixing . :Displaced :en "displaced" ; :enadj "displaced" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Object ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Displacing ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Displaced'' is the attribute of something (Abstract or Physical) that has been the object of a ''Displacing'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Displacing :en "displacing" ; :eng "displacing" ; :wnsense "displacement1n", "shift1n" ; :wordnet "displacement", "shift" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Displacing'' is an intransitive ''Translation-LocationChange'' in which some ''SolidObject'' changes its center of location without rotating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'displacement' in WordNet: 1. (3) shift, displacement - (an event in which something is displaced without rotation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translation-LocationChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransferringSomething ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :DisplayCase :guid "c3ae9640-2b61-41d8-98e7-bb2b6c6c645a" ; :wnsense "case11n", "display case1n", "showcase2n", "vitrine1n" ; :wordnet "case", "display case", "showcase", "vitrine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DisplayCase'' is a piece of furniture that has at least one shelf, used for holding artifacts that can be viewed on the shelves by anyone nearby. In a home it may be located against a wall, but in large rooms (such as in museums) it may be located with all sides exposed, in such cases with all sides made mostly of glass. It does not have to have a door, but if it does the door will be usually made mostly of ''Glass''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'display case' in WordNet: 1. case, display case, showcase, vitrine - (a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :HexalateralObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :Object-SupportingFurniture, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shelf ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingSmallArtifacts ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :DisplayDevice :wnsense "display3n" ; :wordnet "display" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DisplayDevice' is a Device that is designed to present some symbolic information for one or more People to view. A 'DisplayDevice' may be part of a larger Device, but can be relatively free-standing,such as the scoreboard or other visual display in a sports stadium, or even a ''Blackboard'' where the things dispayed are entered manually on the surface. . If a display component can be separated physically from the remainder of a Device (as in being replaced), then the display component alone is treated as the DisplayDevice; but if a device with a display is tightly integrated, the whole device may be the DisplayDevice. So a scoreboard would be itself a DisplayDevice, but the face of a Clock, separate from the timing mechanism, would be the DisplayDevice component of a Clock. Among the common household DisplayDevices are the faces of Clocks and computer displays. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'display' (but video display is a subtype) in WordNet: 3. (1) display, video display - (an electronic device that represents information in visual form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :InformationBearingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingInformation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingInformation ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsAgentInActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyConnectedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :DisplayDial :wnsense "dial1n", "dial3n" ; :wordnet "dial" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Display'' is a ''DisplayPanel'' (a 'FlatSurfacePortion'') of some Object that displays information in some form that can be interpreted as a numerical value. The display may be analog or digital. The subtypes are more explicit. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'dial' in WordNet: 1. (1) dial - (the face of a timepiece; graduated to show the hours) 3. dial -(the circular graduated indicator on various measuring instruments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayPanel . :DisplayOfSkill :en "display of skill" ; :enn "display of skill" ; a :ActionType, :InformationType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DisplayOfSkill'' is a ''DisplayingAction'' in which some Person or Persons perform an Action that requires considerable skill and practice. The purpose may be for entertainment, for a fee, or simply for the performers to show off their ability. The requirements for values to the restrictions 'hadObjectExposed' and 'hadThingTransferred' are reflexively set to the parent type ''DisplayOfSkill'' rather than modifying the parent types for information transfer. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skill ; owl:onProperty :showsEvidenceOf ] . :DisplayPanel :wnsense "board4n", "display board1n", "display panel1n" ; :wordnet "board", "display board", "display panel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''DisplayPanel'' is a 'FlatSurfacePortion'' of some Object that displays information to some Person who wants or needs the information to perform a task, or to understand the progress of some Event. This is a basic 'display' device that can be mechanical or electrical, and has many subtypes. A non-electric version could be,for example, a 'scoreboard' that displays the score of a game at a sports field and is controlled mechanically. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'display panel' in WordNet: 4. (23) display panel, display board, board - (a vertical surface on which information can be displayed to public view) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatSurfacePortion, :PartOfanArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingInformation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :DisplayScreen :wnsense "CRT screen1n", "screen3n" ; :wordnet "CRT screen", "screen" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DisplayScreen'' is a ''DisplayPanel'' (a 'FlatSurfacePortion'') which is the visible external part of of a ''VideoDisplayDevice'' that displays the information from a Device such as a ''Computer'' and generates the ''VideoDisplay'' which is the set of light waves perceived by the user, e.g. of a computer. NOTE: since the millenium, most such screens are arays of LED's, and are not 'cathode ray tubes' (CRTs). That term is left in as a label but needs a different entry. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'screen' in WordNet: 3. (2) screen, CRT screen - (display on the surface of the large end of a cathode-ray tube on which is electronically created) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayPanel, :VideoDisplayDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplayDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplay ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :DisplayedObjects :wnsense "array2n", "display1n", "exhibit2n" ; :wordnet "array", "display", "exhibit" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DisplayedObjects'' is a ''GroupOfObjects'' that was made visible for viewing in a ''DisplayingSomething'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'display' and includes sense 2 of 'array' in WordNet: 2. (3) display, exhibit, showing - (something shown to the public; 'the museum had many exhibits of oriental art') WN noun 'array': 2. (1) array - (an impressive display; 'it was a bewildering array of books'; 'his tools were in an orderly array on the basement wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingSomething ; owl:onProperty :wasExposedInEvent ] . :DisplayingAction :wnsense "display6v" ; :wordnet "display" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DisplayingAction'' is an Action that communicates ome form of information by an Animal performing some Physical Action using the body. This is broad and can include 'display' of courage as well as NonHumanAnimals displaying something to a potential mate. Subtypes need to be more specific. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'display' in WordNet: 6. display - (exhibiting openly in public view; 'a display of courage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :ExpressingSomething, :ShowingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :DisplayingArtWorks :en "displaying works of art", "exhibiting art", "exhibiting works of art" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''DisplayingArtWorks'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which the items displayed are works of Art, such as pictures, paintings,or sculpture. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectExposed ] . :DisplayingDispleasure :en "displaying displeasure" ; a :ActionType, :InformationType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DisplayingDispleasure'' is a ''DisplayingAction'' in which a Person displays displeasure by some Action - making a face, stamping one's feet, or any thing else visible that conveys ''Annoyance''. One sutype is ''Pouting''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :DisplayingInformation :en "display" ; :ldoce "read", "show" ; :wnsense "read7v", "show10v" ; :wordnet "read", "show" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DisplayingInformation' is an Action performed by a Person or Device,in which some symbolic information (including gestures, signals, writing, needles on a dial, or anything that can be seen and conveys some symbolic meaning), is made visible to one or more People. There appears to be no general sense of 'display' such as this in WordNet. Verb sense 10 of 'show' and sense 7 of 'read' represents part of the sense of this type: 10. (7) read, register, show, record - (indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments; 'The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero'; 'The gauge read 'empty'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisualInformationGeneratingAct . :DisplayingSmallArtifacts :en "displaying small objects" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''DisplayingArtifacts'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which small ''ArtifactObject''s of visual interest, such as figurines, ceramics, collectibles, souveniers, curios, memorabilia, Knicknacks, or anything else that a Person considers interesting or pleasant to look at, can be located so as to be visible to people nearby. This is the main function of a ''DisplayCase'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectExposed ] . :DisplayingSomething :guid "bd58a4ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "display1v", "display4n", "presentation5n" ; :wordnet "display", "presentation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$VisualInformationGeneratingAct, #$DisplayingSomething is the collection of #$PurposefulActions in which instances of #$PartiallyTangible play the role of #$instrument-Generic when they are intentionally made to be visually accessible by an #$Agent, which plays the #$Role #$senderOfInfo. This particular collection makes no committments on the intentions or success of the #$senderOfInfo in relation to the display reaching an audience. Thus, #$recipientOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo-Intended are not necessary roles in instances of this collection. For the sense of 'exhibiting' objects for sale (perhaps in the future) rather than just for informational purposes, use subtype ''Exhibition''. Corresponds approximately to part (non-commercial) of verb sense 1 of 'display' in WordNet: 1. (35) expose, exhibit, display - (to show, make visible or apparent; 'The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month'; 'Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?'; 'National leaders will have to display the highest skills of statesmanship') WN noun 'display': 4. (1) display, presentation - (a visual representation of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :ShowingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayedObjects ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectExposed ] . :DisplayingaCollection :en "displaying a collection", "exhibiting a collection" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DisplayingaCollection'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which the items displayed are members of an ''Exposition'', a ''Collection'' of items of interest to some or all of the public, maintained for educational purposes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exposition ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectExposed ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Educational ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Displeasure :wnsense "displeasure1n" ; :wordnet "displeasure" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the base, minimal level of unpleasant feeling. This is the Feeling; things that cause this feeling are represented in COSMO as 'UnpleasantThing'. This is intended to be the opposite of 'Pleasure'. In wordNet, 'displeasure' is a subtype of 'dissatisfaction' but that Feeling has not yet (r881) been represented in COSMO. NOTE that this is a Feeling, not a BodySensation, so Pain is not a subtype. See also 'Pleasure' Cyc ('Pleasure-Feeling'): Agreeable feeling of gratification or satisfaction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'displeasure' in WordNet: 1. (3) displeasure - (the feeling of being displeased or annoyed or dissatisfied with someone or something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :Unhappiness . :Disposable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Discarding ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Discarding ; :wnsense "disposable2adj" ; :wordnet "disposable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disposable'' is a subattribute of ''Replaceable'' for ''PhysicalObject''s that are sufficiently ''Cheap'' (''Inexpensive'') that they can be used once and then discarded. This does not mean that they are no longer usable after one use, but are considered less desirable, for any of various reasons, and sufficiently ''Cheap'' that most people would not hesitate to discard them after one use. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'disposable' in Wordnet: 2. disposable - (designed to be disposed of after use; 'disposable paper cups') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Replaceable . :DisposableProduct :guid "be00b0de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disposable1n" ; :wordnet "disposable" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An individual instance of some #$ProductType and a specialization of #$Artifact. Each instance of #$DisposableProduct is an inexpensive, portable #$Product designed to be used for a short time, and then thrown away (or recycled). Examples: an unrefillable plastic #$CigaretteLighter, a paper #$DinnerPlate, a #$DisposableCamera. Non-examples: a refillable silver #$CigaretteLighter, a ceramic #$DinnerPlate, an expensive #$DigitalCamera-Generic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disposable' in WordNet: 1. disposable - (an item that can be disposed of after it has been used) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PortableObject, :Product, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disposable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DisposedToReason :isTheOppositeOf :EmotionallyDisposed ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DisposedToReason'' is a subtype of ''Rational'' indicating not a temporary but recurring pattern of behavior that can be categorized as ''RationalBehavior''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Lucid, :PersonTraitValue, :Rational, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RationalBehavior ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Disproof :wnsense "disproof1n", "falsification1n", "refutation2n" ; :wordnet "disproof", "falsification", "refutation" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disproof' in WordNet: 1. disproof, falsification, refutation - (any evidence that helps to establish the falsity of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvidentiaryInformation . :Disproportionate :wnsense "disproportional1adj", "disproportionate1adj" ; :wordnet "disproportional", "disproportionate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disproportionate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) disproportionate, disproportional - (out of proportion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Disproportionately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Disproportionate ; :wnsense "disproportionately1adv" ; :wordnet "disproportionately" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'disproportionately' in Wordnet: 1. disproportionately - (out of proportion; 'this wall is disproportionately long') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Disproving :wnsense "confute1v", "disproof2n", "disprove1v", "falsification1n", "falsifying1n", "refutal1n", "refutation3n" ; :wordnet "confute", "disproof", "disprove", "falsification", "falsifying", "refutal", "refutation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disprove' in WordNet: 1. (2) disprove, confute - (prove to be false; 'The physicist disproved his colleagues' theories') WN noun 'refutation': 3. falsification, falsifying, disproof, refutation, refutal - (the act of determining that something is false) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArguingAgainstSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proposition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disproof ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :DisputeEvent :guid "bd58f3d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "argue" ; :wnsense "argue2v", "contend2v", "dispute2v" ; :wordnet "argue", "contend", "dispute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events with multiple participants. In each #$DisputeEvent, some participants seek to achieve states of affairs that other participants seek to prevent. Disputes may or may not get settled. Settlement of a dispute may be by fighting, by competition, by using a mediator or court, by chance, by mutual reasoning, etc. COSMO note: if the conflict is strictly verbal and has no practical consequences, that is a 'VerbalArguingEvent'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'argue' in WordNet, not restricted to verbal arguing; and includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'dispute' in WordNet: 2. (17) argue, contend, debate, fence - (have an argument about something) WN verb 'dispute': 2. (2) quarrel, dispute, scrap, argufy, altercate - (have a disagreement over something; 'We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America'; 'These two fellows are always scrapping over something') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisagreementEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IssueOfDispute ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Disputed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Disputing ; :wnsense "disputed1adj" ; :wordnet "disputed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disputed'' is the attribute of something that has been the object of a ''Disputing'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disputed' in Wordnet: 1. disputed - (subject to disagreement and debate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Disputing :wnsense "challenge1v", "conflict7n", "difference of opinion1n", "difference3n", "dispute1n", "dispute1v", "gainsay1v" ; :wordnet "challenge", "conflict", "difference", "difference of opinion", "dispute", "gainsay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dispute' in WordNet: 1. (4) challenge, dispute, gainsay - (take exception to; 'She challenged his claims') WN noun 'dispute' 1. (4) dispute, difference, difference of opinion, conflict - (a disagreement or argument about something important; 'he had a dispute with his wife'; 'there were irreconcilable differences'; 'the familiar conflict between Republicans and Democrats') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContestingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contester ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Disqualification :guid "bd58afa9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disqualification2n" ; :wordnet "disqualification" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A penalty of automatically losing the game, or not being allowed to compete. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'disqualification' in WordNet: 2. disqualification - (the act of preventing someone from participating by finding them unqualified) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsPenalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disqualified ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Disqualified :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Disqualifying ; :wnsense "disqualified1adj" ; :wordnet "disqualified" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disqualified'' is the attribute of a Person who was the object of a ''Disqualifying'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disqualified' in Wordnet: 1. (1) disqualified - (disqualified by law or rule or provision) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unqualified . :DisqualifiedForViolation :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Disqualification ; :wnsense "disqualified2adj" ; :wordnet "disqualified" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'disqualified' in Wordnet: 2. disqualified - (barred from competition for violation of rules; 'a disqualified player') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disqualified . :Disqualifying :wnsense "disqualify1v", "disqualify2v", "indispose1v" ; :wordnet "disqualify", "indispose" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disqualifying'' is a ''Penalizing'' that prevents a Person from participating in some contest, not necessarily a Sport - this can be a ''Disqualifying'' from being chosen for some position, in which case the choosing is considered as a ''Competing'' against other candidates.. This is an Action but the 'agent' doing the disqualifying can be a situation such as a PersistentState in which the Person disqualified has some attribute or performs some Activity, though the decision of whether a Person is or is not disqualified is made by some Person. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'disqualify' in WordNet: 1. (1) disqualify, unfit, indispose - (make unfit or unsuitable; 'Your income disqualifies you') 2. disqualify - (declare unfit; 'She was disqualified for the Olympics because she was a professional athlete') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Penalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Competing ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Disrespectful :isAnAttributeValueOf :DisrespectfulComment ; :wnsense "disrespectful1adj" ; :wordnet "disrespectful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disrespectful'' is the attribute of a message. or action that exhibits disrespect for some Person explicitly or implicitly. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disrespectful' in Wordnet: 1. disrespectful - (exhibiting lack of respect; rude and discourteous; 'remarks disrespectful of the law'; 'disrespectful in the presence of his parents'; 'disrespectful toward his teacher') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impolite, :Rude . :DisrespectfulComment :wnsense "discourtesy1n", "disrespect1n" ; :wordnet "discourtesy", "disrespect" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DisrespectfulComment'' is the *information content* of a message. that exhibits disrespect for some Person, who could be the Person addressed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disrespect' in WordNet: 1. disrespect, discourtesy - (an expression of lack of respect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disrespectful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Disruptive :isAnAttributeValueOf :DisorderlyActivity ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Disorderly ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :DisorderlyActivity ; :wnsense "disruptive1adj", "riotous2adj", "troubled2adj", "tumultuous1adj", "turbulent1adj" ; :wordnet "disruptive", "riotous", "troubled", "tumultuous", "turbulent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Disruptive'' is an attribute of both a GroupOfPeople (as few as one Person) that causes disruption and of the actions that cause disruption. 'disruptive students' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'disruptive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) disruptive, riotous, troubled, tumultuous, turbulent - (characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination; 'effects of the struggle will be violent and disruptive'; 'riotous times'; 'these troubled areas'; 'the tumultuous years of his administration'; 'a turbulent and unruly childhood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disorderly . :Dissatisfaction :guid "bd58a58e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dissatisfaction1n" ; :wordnet "dissatisfaction" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this Cyc category is interpreted as a dissatisfaction directed at something specific, rather than a general dissatisfaction with one's life condition. Cyc: Feeling of discontent, due to a lack of fulfillment of an agent's desires, needs, or requirements. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Dissatisfaction are #$Disappointment, #$Frustration, #$Impatience, #$Anger, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissatisfaction' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dissatisfaction - (the feeling of being displeased and discontent; 'he was never slow to express his dissatisfaction with the service he received') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :Unhappiness . :Dissatisfied :guid "e2694ee2-42cc-11d6-8000-0002b38bcf96" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Dissatisfaction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Satisfied ; :wnsense "disgruntled1adj", "dissatisfied1adj" ; :wordnet "disgruntled", "dissatisfied" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being dissatisfied. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. NOTE: 'Dissatisfied' can be fairly mild, whereas ''Disgruntled'' is more intense in COSMO. ''Disgruntled'' is a subtype of this attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dissatisfied' in WordNet: 1. (2) disgruntled, dissatisfied - - (in a state of sulky dissatisfaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentAttributeValue . :DissatisfyingEvent :wnsense "dissatisfy1v" ; :wordnet "dissatisfy" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DissatisfyingEvent'' is an 'UnpleasantEvent'tat causes ''Dissatisfaction'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissatisfy' in WordNet: 1. dissatisfy - (fail to satisfy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnpleasantEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissatisfaction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissatisfaction ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ] . :Dissecting :eng "dissecting" ; :wnsense "dissect1v" ; :wordnet "dissect" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dissecting'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' where the 'something' is the dead body of some animal. Not all ''Dissecting'' actions are a ''CuttingInPieces'',but some are. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dissect' in WordNet: 1. (1) dissect - (cut open or cut apart; 'dissect the bodies for analysis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeadAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurgicalIncision ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incision ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Disseminating :CYC "MassCommunicating" ; :en "mass communication" ; :eng "broadcasting", "circulating", "disseminating", "spreading" ; :guid "bd86cf6c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "broadcast3v", "circularise3v", "circularize4v", "circulate2v", "disseminate1v", "distribute6v", "propagate6v", "spread5v" ; :wordnet "broadcast", "circularise", "circularize", "circulate", "disseminate", "distribute", "propagate", "spread" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Communication that involves a single agent and many destination (more than one recipients of the ''InformationObject''). This covers the release of a published book, broadcasting, a theatrical performance, giving orders to assembled troops, delivering a public lecture, etc. A subset of ''Communication'' in which there are more than one recipient. @ToDo: This is the transitive Action; 'circulate' as an instransitive Action needs to be added Cyc: (MassCommunicating) Communication actions in which a great many agents are the targets of the communication. This is not necessarily limited to communications which use broadcast media such as television or radio - it also includes mass communications accomplished by print media, by telephoning lots of people, by individually telling many people the same message, or by using a combination of media. Examples: an ad campaign, a 'get out the vote' effort, or a smear campaign. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'disseminate' in Wordnet: 1. (6) circulate, circularize, circularise, distribute, disseminate, propagate, broadcast, spread, diffuse, disperse, pass around - (cause to become widely known; 'spread information'; 'circulate a rumor'; 'broadcast the news') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentGroup :AgentType ) ] ] . :Dissension :wnsense "discord2n", "dissension1n" ; :wordnet "discord", "dissension" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dissension'' is a subtype of ''DisagreementEvent'' in which one subgeoup of an ''InterestGroup'' disagrees withsome polcy of the majority of the Group. This situation may or may not be resolved, in any way - including by the dissenting Group splitting off from the main group. \" dissension in the ranks \" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissension' in WordNet: 1. (1) discord, dissension - (disagreement among those expected to cooperate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisagreementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissenting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissenters ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Dissenter :wnsense "dissenter1n", "dissident1n", "objector1n", "protester1n" ; :wordnet "dissenter", "dissident", "objector", "protester" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dissenter'' is a ''Person'' who passively disagrees with or actively opposes some policy or practice or custom of a GroupOfPeople of which s/he is a member.. For those not conforming to a widely established custom use subtype ''NonConformist''. No similar sense in RHW for this sense of 'contestant' - omitted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissenter' in WordNet: 1. (1) dissenter, dissident, protester, objector, contestant - (a person who dissents from some established policy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissenting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisagreementEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Dissenters :en "dissenters" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dissenters'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a ''Dissenter'' and each of whom is an ''InterestGroupMember''. This is for a subgroup of some ''InterestGroup'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissension ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InterestGroup ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ] . :Dissenting :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfPeople ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :DisagreementEvent ; :wnsense "dissentient2adj", "dissenting1adj", "dissident2adj" ; :wordnet "dissentient", "dissenting", "dissident" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dissenting'' is an Attribute of some subgroup of a ''GroupOfPeople'' who do not agree on some issue with the majority of the larger group. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dissenting' in Wordnet: 1. dissentient, dissenting, dissident - (disagreeing, especially with a majority) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disagreeing . :Dissertation :wnsense "dissertation1n", "thesis2n" ; :wordnet "dissertation", "thesis" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dissertation'' is a ''Treatise'' that includes some conclusions from a 'research' project. This term is usually used for treatises presented to an academic institution to satisfy requirements for an advance degree, such as a Ph.D. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissertation' in WordNet: 1. dissertation, thesis - (a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Treatise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Research ; owl:onProperty :describes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Findings ; owl:onProperty :describes ] . :Dissolute :wnsense "debauched1adj", "degenerate1adj", "degraded1adj", "dissipated1adj", "dissolute1adj", "fast7adj", "libertine1adj", "profligate2adj" ; :wordnet "debauched", "degenerate", "degraded", "dissipated", "dissolute", "fast", "libertine", "profligate" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that is a subtype of ''Immoral'' characterizing behavior that frequently and noticeably ''Immoral'', and people who perform such actions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dissolute' in Wordnet: 1. debauched, degenerate, degraded, dissipated, dissolute, libertine, profligate, riotous, fast - (unrestrained by convention or morality; 'Congreve draws a debauched aristocratic society'; 'deplorably dissipated and degraded'; 'riotous living'; 'fast women') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immoral . :Dissolved :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Dissolving, :DissolvingSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Undissolved ; :wnsense "dissolved1adj" ; :wordnet "dissolved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dissolved'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of something that has experienced a ''Dissolving'' Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dissolved' in Wordnet: 1. (13) dissolved - ((of solid matter) reduced to a liquid form; 'add the dissolved gelatin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixed . :Dissolving :wnsense "dissolve2v" ; :wordnet "dissolve" ; a :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dissolving'' is a form of ''Disintegrating'' in which the material (solid or liquid) that disintegrates becomes part of a ''Solution''. This is the intransitive sense of 'dissolve'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dissolve' in WordNet: 2. (12) dissolve - (pass into a solution; 'The sugar quickly dissolved in the coffee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disintegrating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solution ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :DissolvingSomething :wnsense "dissolve2v" ; :wordnet "dissolve", "dissolving" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DissolvingSomething'' is an Action in which a ''IntelligentAgent'' (which could be an automaton) causes some PhysicalObject to dissolve in a liquid. NOTE that this includes the subEvent of ''DissolvingaSubstance'' in which the Solvent acts to cause the solute to dissolve. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dissolve' in WordNet: 1. (17) dissolve, resolve, break up - (cause to go into a solution; 'The recipe says that we should dissolve a cup of sugar in two cups of water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disintegrating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidSolution ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissolving ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DissolvingaSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissolved ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :DissolvingaSubstance :wnsense "dissolution1n", "dissolving1n" ; :wordnet "dissolution" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DissolvingaSubstance' is an Action in which some liquid solvent (liquid at some temperature, not necessarily room temperature) causes another PhysicalSubstance to dissolve, i.e. for the atoms or molecules of that second substance to intermingle intimately with the molecules of the solvent. This is an Action in which some ''Solvent'' is the Agent. For the degree to which a Solvent is able to dissolve some substance, the relation 'hasSolubilityLimit' can be used with the solvent substance as subject and a ''SolubilityValue'' as the object. The instance of ''SolubilityValue'' will include references to the temperature for some specificsolubility,as well as solvent and the solubility in some ''SoluteSolventUnit'' For the capability of what solvents dissolve what solutes, use 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance', which will point to the solvent that has that capability and to an instance of this type describing what can be dissolved. Solubility limits for specific substances in specific solvents are properties of the individual substances, not directly linked to instances of 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance'. Each instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance' is an Action that specifies what quantity of substance was dissolved, by what quantity of what solvent, to what concentration, at which temperature. @ToDo: these relations have not yet been defined (rev953) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dissolve' in WordNet: 1. (17) dissolve, resolve, break up - (cause to go into a solution; 'The recipe says that we should dissolve a cup of sugar in two cups of water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSolubleSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ] . :DissuadingFromAction :guid "bee89f1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deter2v", "dissuade1v" ; :wordnet "deter", "dissuade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the parent 'DeterringSomeone' was added to make this a subtype of dissuading that are successful. For actions that may not be successful use 'DeterringSomeone'; for 'DissuadingFromAction' accomplished by threats, use 'DeterrenceEvent'. CYC: A #$CommunicationAct-Single in which the #$senderOfInfo successfully induces the #$recipientOfInfo not to perform an action. This does not cover cases where situations, rather than agents, dissuade: e.g., polling results dissuaded the politician from running. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dissuade' in WordNet: 1. (3) dissuade, deter - (turn away from by persuasion; 'Negative campaigning will only dissuade people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convincing-CommunicationAct, :DeterringSomeone . :Distance :guid "bd58809a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "distance" ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "distance1n", "distance3n" ; :wordnet "distance" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Distance is an AttributeType that characterizes a separation in space between two points or two objects. NOTE: In COSMO, Distance is an AttributeType, not a measure. Each Distance will have a value which is a LengthMeasure. Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Distance is the length of a path in space extending from one point to another. In some contexts, for example in the argument 2 position of #$altitudeAboveSeaLevel, an instance of #$Distance will include directional information. In these contexts, instances can take on positive or negative values. In other contexts, directional information will not matter, and instances of #$Distance will only take on non-negative values. See the specialization #$Distance-Absolute for measures of distance that necessarily do not include directional information, and thus are always non-negative. An instance of #$Distance may be either a fixed interval, such as the height of the #$WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC or the altitude of the #$DeadSea, or a range, such as #$WithinAudibleDistance (see #$ScalarInterval for more explanation). See #$UnitOfDistance for the units used by Cyc to measure distances. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'distance' in WordNet - but note that 'length' as property of an object is not included: in WordNet: 1. (55) distance - (the property created by the space between two objects or points) 3. (5) distance, length - (size of the gap between two places; 'the distance from New York to Chicago'; 'he determined the length of the shortest line segment joining the two points') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :DistanceMarker a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DistanceMarker'' is a 'LocationMarker'' located adjacent to a Roadway that has a ''Mark'' on it representing the distance (and possibly the direction) of some named ''Place''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationMarker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :wasVisibleTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distance ; owl:onProperty :signifies ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlaceAtaDistance ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SignObject ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfaceThing ] . :DistanceTravelled a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DistanceTravelled' is a LengthMeasure that specifies how far some object (including a Person or vehicle) has travelled in some interval of time or during some Event or sequence of Events. This can be used to assert, e.g. 'he walked 40 miles that day'. @ToDo the relation of this measure to 'Movement-TranslationEvent' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :Distant :isTheOppositeOf :Nearby ; :ldoce "distant" ; :wnsense "distant5adj", "far2adj", "faraway1adj", "remote1adj" ; :wordnet "distant", "far", "far away", "faraway", "remote" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being at a physical distance (from something else); the actual distance of relative to the situation and purposes. A desk ten feet away can be 'distant' because it is unreachable by hand from the reference location. A Place requiring air travel is also ''Distant''. Something 'Distant' is 'Inconvenient' because of its distance. Far away. This is not the metaphorical 'distant' meaning socially not friendly, For more general and metaphorical senses, use 'Far' and its other subtypes. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 and part of sense 1 of 'distant', and includes sense 2 of 'far' and sense 1 of 'far away' in WordNet. The part of sense 5 in Wordnet that means 'coming from a distance', as in phone calls, is not included in this type. in WordNet: 5. distant, remote - (apart in space; 'distant lands'; 'remote stars') 1. (33) distant - (separated in space or coming from or going to a distance; 'distant villages'; 'the sound of distant traffic'; 'a distant sound'; 'a distant telephone call') 2. (5) far - (being of a considerable distance or length; 'a far trek') WN adj 'far away' 1. (5) faraway, far-off - (very far away in space or time; 'faraway mountains'; 'the faraway future'; 'troops landing on far-off shores'; 'far-off happier times') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Far, :Inconvenient . :DistantLocation :en "distant location", "distant place" ; :enn "distant location", "distant place" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A Place that is ''Distant'' from some reference Place or Object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Distending :wnsense "distend3v" ; :wordnet "distend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The intransitive Action of something that swells up in volume. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'distend' in WordNet: 3. distend - (swell from or as if from internal pressure; 'The distended bellies of the starving cows') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Swelling-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swollen ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :DistendingSomething :wnsense "distend2v" ; :wordnet "distend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DistendingSomething'' is a ''CausingToSwell'' by adding fluid into a ''Distendible'' object. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'distend' in WordNet: 2. distend - (cause to expand as it by internal pressure; 'The gas distended the animal's body') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingToSwell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distending ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Distensible :isAnAttributeValueOf :Balloon, :Bladder ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :ExpandingInVolume ; :wnsense "distensible1adj" ; :wordnet "distensible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'distensible' in Wordnet: 1. distensible - (capable of being distended; able to stretch and expand; 'the stomach is a distensible organ') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deformable . :Distillate :wnsense "distillate1n" ; :wordnet "distillate" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Distillate'' is a ''LiquidSubstance'' produced by the Action of ''Distilling''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distillate' in WordNet: 1. distillate, distillation - (a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor during distilling; the product of distilling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distilling ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distilled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Distilled :en "distilled" ; :enadj "distilled" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Distilling ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Distilled'' is an AttributeValue of a substance that has been vaporized and condensed in a ''Distilling'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Distillery :wnsense "distillery1n", "still4n" ; :wordnet "distillery", "still" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distillery' in WordNet: 1. distillery, still - (a plant and works where alcoholic drinks are made by distillation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :ManufacturingFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distilling ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liquor ; owl:onProperty :hasCommercialProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liquor ; owl:onProperty :manufactures ] . :Distilling :guid "be010b38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "distil2v", "distil3v", "distill1v", "distill2v", "distill3v", "purify1v", "sublimate3v" ; :wordnet "distil", "distill", "purify", "sublimate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Distilling';is to purify a volatile substance by vaporizing it and condensing the vapors, leaving behind other substances that are less volatile (as in distilling alcohol) and possibly more volatile (as in the fractional distillation in petroleum refineries). CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, a liquid mixture is heated up to the boiling point of at least one of its liquid #$constituents. That constituent vaporizes and the vapor is trapped and allowed to cool, thus separating (some or most of) that constituent from the mixture. COSMO note: this type of 'purify' is also an 'increase' in the concentration (weight percentage) of the thing that is being purified. Includes transitive and intransitive verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'distill' in WordNet: 1. (3) purify, sublimate, make pure, distill - (remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation; 'purify the water') 2. (3) distill, distil - (undergo the process of distillation) 3. (1) distill, extract, distil - (extract by the process of distillation; 'distill the essence of this compound') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Purifying, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distillate ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boiling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Condensing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distilled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Distinct :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Distinctness ; :wnsense "distinct1adj" ; :wordnet "distinct" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Distinct' is an AttributeValue of things that can be perceived readily: visual objects such as photographs, sounds, tastes. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'distinct' in WordNet: 1. (14) distinct - - (easy to perceive; especially clearly outlined; 'a distinct flavor'; 'a distinct odor of turpentine'; 'a distinct outline'; 'the ship appeared as a distinct silhouette'; 'distinct fingerprints') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Distinction :wnsense "distinction4n" ; :wordnet "distinction" ; a :DifferenceType, :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Distinction'' is an ''InformationObject'' (a ''MentalObject'') that is an abstract representation of a 'Difference'' between two things regarding some qualty or attribute that serves to allow recognizing that they are different, and is discoverd in an action of ''Distinguishing''. A difference in some quality does not become a ''Distinction'' until it is discovered by an IntentionalAgent. People 'make a distinction' between things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distinction' in WordNet: 4. (3) distinction - (a distinguishing difference; 'he learned the distinction between gold and lead') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscoveredThing, :InformationObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Difference ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Distinctive :hasNominalForm :Distinctiveness ; :wnsense "distinctive1adj", "distinguishing1adj", "identifying1adj", "typical2adj" ; :wordnet "distinctive", "distinguishing", "identifying", "typical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Distinctive''is a subtype of The FunctionalAttribute 'Typical', when applied specifying that the thing modified can be used to assign the object with that feature to a particlar type: 'the distinguishing characteristic of the male Cardinal bird is its bright red color and sharp crown'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'distinctive' in Wordnet: 1. (5) distinctive, typical - (of a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing; 'Jerusalem has a distinctive Middle East flavor'- Curtis Wilkie; 'that is typical of you!') WN adj 'distinguishing': 1. distinguishing, identifying - (serving to distinguish or identify a species or group; 'the distinguishing mark of the species is its plumage'; 'distinctive tribal tattoos'; 'we were asked to describe any identifying marks or distinguishing features') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Typical . :Distinctiveness :isTheNominalFormOf :Distinctive ; :takesValue :Difference ; :wnsense "distinctiveness1n" ; :wordnet "distinctiveness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Distinctiveness'' is a generic type of difference between two or more things. Used initially as the ''AttributeType'' for ''Difference'' NOTE: this is not for 'peculiarity' as a 'distinguishing characteristic'. This characterizes a Group whose members are distinctly different, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distinctiveness' in WordNet: 1. peculiarity, specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness - (a distinguishing trait) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distinctive ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Distinctly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Distinct ; :wnsense "clearly3adv", "distinctly1adv", "distinctly2adv", "distinctly3adv" ; :wordnet "clearly", "distinctly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Distinctly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that adjective thus qualified can be easil perceived. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'distinctly' in Wordnet: 1. (7) distinctly, clearly - (clear to the mind; with distinct mental discernment; 'it's distinctly possible'; 'I could clearly see myself in his situation') 2. (2) distinctly - (in a distinct and distinguishable manner; 'the subtleties of this distinctly British occasion') 3. distinctly - (to a distinct degree; 'urbanization in Spain is distinctly correlated with a fall in reproductive rate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Distinctness :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Distinct ; :wnsense "distinctness1n", "sharpness6n" ; :wordnet "distinctness", "sharpness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distinctness' in WordNet: 1. (1) distinctness, sharpness - (the quality of being sharp and clear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clarity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distinct ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceiving ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Distinguished :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Distinguishing ; :wnsense "distinguished3adj" ; :wordnet "distinguished" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Distinguished'' is an attribute of something that was recognized as being different from something else (usually something similar enough to possibly be confused with other things). Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'distinguished' in Wordnet: 3. distinguished - (set apart from other such things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Simulated . :Distinguishing :en "distinguishing" ; :wnsense "differentiate1v", "differentiation1n", "discriminate1v", "discriminate3v", "discrimination2n", "distinction1n", "distinguish1v", "secern1v", "secernate1v", "severalize1v", "severalize2v", "tell apart1v" ; :wordnet "differentiate", "differentiation", "discriminate", "discrimination", "distinction", "distinguish", "secern", "secernate", "severalize", "tell apart" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Distinguishing' is an Action that is a subtype of Observation in which an agent detects a difference between two or more things. This is very general, and merely specifies that some kind of difference was noticed; to be an act of 'Distinguishing' does not require that the observer actually recognize either the type of either thing distinguished, or recall that it is a particular individual. This action is inherently multiple-arity, and has as participants at least two Objects or attributes that are observed, and the Difference(s) between or among them. An act of 'Distinguishing' often does, but need not, include the recognition of individuals. For recognizing indididual, use 'Recognizing'. 'He was able to distinguish the colors before and after weathering'. 'He could distinguish Pepsi from Coke by their taste, but didn't recall which was which. Includes verb sense 1 of 'distinguish' and sense 1 of 'differentiate' and senses 1 and 3 of 'discriminate' in WordNet: 1. (17) distinguish, separate, differentiate, secern, secernate, severalize, severalise, tell, tell apart - (mark as different; 'We distinguish several kinds of maple') WN 'discriminate': 1. (2) discriminate, know apart - (recognize or perceive the difference) 3. discriminate - (distinguish; 'I could not discriminate the different tastes in this complicated dish') WN noun 'discrimination': 2. (5) discrimination, secernment - (the cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished) WN noun 'distinction': 1. (13) differentiation, distinction - (a discrimination between things as different and distinct; 'it is necessary to make a distinction between love and infatuation') WN verb 'severalize': 1. severalize, severalise - (distinguish or separate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscoveryEvent, :Observing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Distinction ] . :DistortingFacts :wnsense "distort1v", "distortion5n", "falsify1v", "garble1v", "straining2n", "twisting1n", "warp1v" ; :wordnet "distort", "distortion", "falsify", "garble", "straining", "twisting", "warp" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DistortingFacts'' is an intentional ''Misrepresenting'' in which some important fact in the information conveyed is intentionally changed so as to be intentionally false - i.e. is a ''Lie''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'distort' in WordNet: 1. (5) falsify, distort, garble, warp - (make false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or story) WN noun 'distortion': 5. distortion, overrefinement, straining, torture, twisting - (the act of distorting something so it seems to mean something it was not intended to mean) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Misrepresenting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deceit ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lying ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Distortion :wnsense "deformation2n", "distorted shape1n", "distortion2n" ; :wordnet "deformation", "distorted shape", "distortion" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Distortion'' is a Feature of a PhysicalObject that is produced by a ''Dstorting'' Event. This is not a 'change' in the sense of a difference before and after,but a featre of an object that results from a ''Distorting'' action,and differs from the shape of the same part of the object before it was distorted. Thus a 'bend' in a rod that was originally straight would be a ''distortion''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'distortion' in WordNet: 2. (1) distorted shape, distortion - (a shape resulting from distortion) WN noun 'deformation': 2. deformation - (alteration in the shape or dimensions of an object as a result of the application of stress to it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalFeature, :PhysicalPartOfObject, :ShapedObject . :Distracted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DistractingaPerson ; :wnsense "distracted2adj", "distrait1adj" ; :wordnet "distracted", "distrait" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Distracted'' is the attribute of a ''Person'' who fails to focus on something that needs attention because s/he was the object of a ''DistractingaPerson'' Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'distracted' in Wordnet: 2. distracted, distrait - (having the attention diverted especially because of anxiety) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :DistractingaPerson :wnsense "deflect4v", "distract1v", "distraction4n", "misdirection4n" ; :wordnet "deflect", "distract", "distraction", "misdirection" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DistractingaPerson'' is a ''InhibitingAnAction'' in which the Action inhibited is 'paying attention to something else' - i.e. a ''Perceiving-Voluntary''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'distract' in WordNet: 1. (3) distract, deflect - (draw someone's attention away from something; 'The thief distracted the bystanders'; 'He deflected his competitors') WN noun 'distraction': 4. distraction, misdirection - (the act of distracting; drawing someone's attention away from something; 'conjurers are experts at misdirection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InhibitingAnAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Perceiving-Voluntary ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom :Perceiving-Voluntary ] . :Distress :en "psychological pain", "psychological suffering" ; :guid "bd58d06f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "distress1n", "hurt2n", "pain2n", "painfulness1n", "suffering3n" ; :wordnet "distress", "hurt", "pain", "painfulness", "suffering" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Distress is not necessarily directed at one specific thing, but can be due to general conditions. Cyc: Extremely troubled; mentally confused, distracted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distress' in WordNet: 1. (4) distress, hurt, suffering - (psychological suffering; 'the death of his wife caused him great distress') WN noun 'pain' 2. (14) pain, painfulness - (emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid; 'the pain of loneliness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Distressing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Distress ; :ldoce "painful" ; :wnsense "distressful1adj", "distressing1adj", "disturbing1adj", "painful1adj", "perturbing1adj", "troubling1adj", "worrisome1adj", "worrying1adj" ; :wordnet "distressful", "distressing", "disturbing", "painful", "perturbing", "troubling", "worrisome", "worrying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Distressing' is an AttributeValue that can be applied to things that cause psychological 'pain' including things that cause physical pain, such as Events (e.g. injury), or physiological conditions (Pain), or certain static situations (pressure, cold, heat); it can also be applied to Events or situations that are undesirable in any of many different ways. Loss of property or loved ones is a common situation that is 'Distressing', but there are many others. This is the psychological 'painful' that is differentiated in COSMO from physiological 'Painful'. For physically 'painful' things, use 'Painful'. As of rev801 no levels of intensity of 'distressing' are differentiated. This is for senses in phrases like 'too painful to watch'; 'a painful loss of a loved one'; 'a distressing argument'; 'painful criticism' @ToDo - psychologically 'painful' may be a more intense variant of 'distressing' - to be reconsidered. Includes parts of adjective sense 1 of 'painful' and adjective sense 1 of 'distressing' and sense 1 of 'troubling' and sense 1 of 'disturbing' in WordNet; only the psychological pain or distress is represented here; in WordNet: WN 'painful': 1. (10) painful - (causing physical or psychological pain; 'worked with painful slowness') WN 'distressing': 1. (3) distressing, distressful, disturbing, perturbing, troubling, worrisome, worrying - (causing distress or worry or anxiety; 'distressing (or disturbing) news'; 'lived in heroic if something distressful isolation'; 'a disturbing amount of crime'; 'a revelation that was most perturbing'; 'a new and troubling thought'; 'in a particularly worrisome predicament'; 'a worrying situation'; 'a worrying time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Distressingly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Distressing ; :wnsense "distressingly1adv", "painfully1adv" ; :wordnet "distressingly", "painfully" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Distressingly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions or attributes to specify that the actions or attributes described caused some degree (usually mild) of displeasure or distress. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'distressingly' in Wordnet: 1. painfully, distressingly - (unpleasantly; 'his ignorance was painfully obvious') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Distributing :wnsense "distribute3v" ; :wordnet "distribute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Distributing'' is a form of 'Providing' in which some Agent makes some ''Thing'' (Abstract or Physical such as Money or a Product) available in some form. This is very general - to make something 'available' does not mean it is free, it may be available for sale or just placed somewhere where another agent can obtain it, such as placing food in several places where wild animals can get it. This is usually used for making more than one thing available and for doing it more than once, but no restriction is placed yet on the number of times or places something must be made available to be a ''Distributing''. 'The relief agency distributed food at the refugee camp.' 'The school distributed free textbooks to its students.' Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'distribute' in WordNet: 3. (4) distribute - (make available; 'The publisher wants to distribute the book in Asia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Providing . :DistributingObjects :wnsense "administer3v", "allot3v", "deal out1v", "deal5v", "dish out1v", "dispense1v", "distribute1v", "distribute4v", "dole out1v", "give out1v", "hand out1v", "mete out1v", "parcel out1v", "pass out2v", "shell out1v" ; :wordnet "administer", "allot", "deal", "deal out", "dish out", "dispense", "distribute", "dole out", "give out", "hand out", "mete out", "parcel out", "pass out", "shell out" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'DistributingObjects' is an Action in which an Agent causes objects from a Group of objects to go to two or more other Agents. Corresponds to Wordnet verb senses 1 and 4 of 'distribute': in WordNet: 1. (11) distribute, administer, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense, shell out, deal out, dish out, allot, dole out - (administer or bestow, as in small portions; 'administer critical remarks to everyone present'; 'dole out some money'; 'shell out pocket money for the children'; 'deal a blow to someone') 4. (3) distribute, give out, hand out, pass out - (give out; 'The teacher handed out the exams') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DispensingSomething, :GivingEvent, :SpreadingThingsAround . :Distribution :wnsense "distribution1n" ; :wordnet "distribution" ; a :AttributeValueType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Distribution'' is an AttributeValue that is a ''BandOfValues'' of some Group of observations or quantitative measures of the magnitude or prevalence (often a percentage) of some form of property (not necessarily a formal AttributeValue) in an Object or population of objects. It is often depicted graphically by a bar graph with the value of the thing distributed (e.g. sizes) on the axis, and the number or proportion of the population with that value on the abscissa, i.e. the vertical size of the bar tells how many have that value. It may be relevant to an Individual (.e.g. distribution over time of same value), but is usually of relevance to a Group of entities. For distributions of characteristics among a GroupOfPeople, use 'PopulationCharacteristicDistribution'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distribution' in Wordnet: 1. (23) distribution, statistical distribution - ((statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandOfValues, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Prevalence ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Distributor :wnsense "distributer1n", "distributor1n", "distributor3n" ; :wordnet "distributer", "distributor" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Supplier'' is a ''Vendor'' that sells to other businesses, who sells to end users. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'distributor' in WordNet: 1. (6) distributor, distributer - (someone who markets merchandise) 3. distributor - (a company that markets merchandise; \"his company is a large distributor of software products\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supplier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupplyingGoods ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :District :wnsense "district1n", "territory1n" ; :wordnet "district", "territory" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''District' ' is an spatial area of the Earth's surface encompassed by borderlines established for any purpose by a ''GeopoliticalEntity''. In this case a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' includes an ecclesiastical Organization that marks off GeographicalRegions for administrative purposes. See subtype ''EcclesiasticalDistrict''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'district' in WordNet: 1. (38) district, territory, territorial dominion, dominion - (a region marked off for administrative or other purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CountryRegion :LocationType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GeopoliticalEntity ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :Ditch :ldoce "ditch" ; :wnsense "ditch1n" ; :wordnet "ditch" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long and narrow open-top HoleInTheGround. This is the physical object that consists of the walls of the ditch. In contrast to a ''DeepHoleInTheGround'', a ''Ditch'' is at least as wide at the surface opening as it is deep (or if horizontal long), A ''Ditch'' can be shallow, as is the subtype ''Furrow''. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'ditch' in WordNet: 1. (2) ditch - (a long narrow excavation in the earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoleInTheGround, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dither :wnsense "dither1n", "flap2n", "fuss1n", "pother1n", "tizzy1n" ; :wordnet "dither", "flap", "fuss", "pother", "tizzy" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This can apply to one Person or a Group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dither' in WordNet: 1. dither, pother, fuss, tizzy, flap - (an excited state of agitation; 'he was in a dither'; 'there was a terrible flap about the theft') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agitation, :Fretting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :DitransitiveObjectPair :en "ditransitive object pair" ; :enn "ditransitive object pair" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DitransitiveObjectPair'' is a ''Pair' in which the two elements are the grammatical objects (direct object and indirect object, not necessarily ''Object''s, they could be substances or Actions) of a ditransitive verb phrase (gave '[a book] to [Jane]' or 'bought [a cake] for [Tom]'). Within this Pair the 'direct object' will be the object of the relation ''hasDirectObject'' (or its more specific subproperty ''hadThingReceived'') and the indirect object will be the ''hadThingAffected'' or the more specific (''hadBeneficiary'' or ''hadRecipient'')) **NOTE: These relations have been modified from their original domains and @ToDo1221 the relations to specify direct and indirect object should probably be created anew secifically for this purpose. Subtypes of this type cold be created for specific ditransitive grammatical structures, but that type of relation has not yet been explicitly represented. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair . :Diuretic :guid "c0fd5849-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diuretic drug1n", "diuretic1n", "water pill1n" ; :wordnet "diuretic", "diuretic drug", "water pill" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Diuretic'' is a drug used to treat conditions resulting from infrequent urination. They increase the rate of urine flow. CYC: Drugs which promote the loss of water and salt from the body. They typically lower blood pressure, too. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diuretic' in WordNet: 1. diuretic drug, diuretic, water pill - ( any substance that tends to increase the flow of urine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antihypertensive, :DrugProduct, :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hypertension ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insomnia ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :Diver :guid "bd58d1f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diver2n", "plunger2n" ; :wordnet "diver", "plunger" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Diver'' is a Person who is currently ''Diving'' or dives regularly or for sport. CYC: The collection of persons who are trained in and practice the sport of diving. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'diver' in WordNet: 2. diver, plunger - (someone who dives (into water)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, :HumanRole, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diving ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Divergent :isAnAttributeValueOf :Group ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Diverging ; :wnsense "divergent1adj" ; :wordnet "divergent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'divergent interests' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'divergent' in Wordnet: 1. (2) divergent - (diverging from another or from a standard; 'a divergent opinion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Different . :Diverging :wnsense "diverge1v" ; :wordnet "diverge" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Diverging'' represents the state of things being different in a manner that suggests a motion apart, as well as paths (physical and metaphorical) that lead in different directions. \"Two paths diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.\" Robert Frost Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'diverge' in WordNet: 1. (1) diverge - (move or draw apart; 'The two paths diverge here') 3. diverge - (extend in a different direction; \"The lines start to diverge here\"; \"Their interests diverged\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingDifferent . :Diverse :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Diversity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Homogeneous ; :isaValueOf :HeterogeneityAttribute, :PhysicalAttribute ; :wnsense "divers1adj", "diverse1adj", "varied1adj" ; :wordnet "divers", "diverse", "varied" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diverse'' is a subtype of 'Heterogeneous' that asserts that the thing characterized is not only 'not homogeneous' but actually has several different type of things in it composition. At minimum, three different types are required for something to be ''Diverse''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'diverse' in WordNet: 1. (5) divers, diverse - (many and different; 'tourist offices of divers nationalities'; 'a person of diverse talents') WN adj 'varied': 1. (11) varied - (characterized by variety; 'immigrants' varied ethnic and religious traditions'; 'his work is interesting and varied') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Heterogeneous . :Diversifying :wnsense "diversify1v", "diversify3v" ; :wordnet "diversify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Diversifying'' is the broad generic sense of making one's activities more 'diverse' by adding product lines (for a company), adding new types of product or service, adding new topics to a course of study, or adding new investments to a portfolio, among other things. these types can be distinguished by subtypes when needed, by adding in the specific things that are sdded in a ''Diversifying'' Event, and represented here by the generic ''Action''. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'diversify' in WordNet: 1. diversify - (make (more) diverse; 'diversify a course of study') 3. diversify, branch out, broaden - (vary in order to spread risk or to expand; 'The company diversified') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :Altering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :Diversity :wnsense "diverseness1n", "diversity1n", "multifariousness1n", "variety1n" ; :wordnet "diverseness", "diversity", "multifariousness", "variety" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diversity'' is the state of something that is ''Diverse''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diversity' in WordNet: 1. (2) diverseness, diversity, multifariousness, variety - (noticeable heterogeneity; 'a diversity of possibilities'; 'the range and variety of his work is amazing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diverse ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Diverticulitis :guid "bdaf79d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diverticulitis1n" ; :wordnet "diverticulitis" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diverticulitis'' is an ''Inflammation'' of the diverticulum (in the Colon). RHW 'diverticulum' a blind, tubular sac or process branching off from a canal or cavity, esp. an abnormal, saclike herniation of the mucosal layer through the muscular wall of the colon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diverticulitis' in WordNet: 1. diverticulitis - (inflammation of a diverticulum in the digestive tract (especially the colon); characterized by painful abdominal cramping and fever and constipation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflammation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharpPain ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cramping ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colon-BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :Divesting :wnsense "deprive1v", "divest1v", "strip1v" ; :wordnet "deprive", "divest", "strip" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Divesting'' is a 'depriving' of anything valuable, not only possessons See e.g.subtype ''Orphaning''. The 'agent' doing the 'taking away' can be natural Events, such as Events that cause loss of close friends or family. From the point of view of the Pesron who experiences a ''Divesting'' it is a ''LosingSomething''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'divest' in WordNet: 1. (1) deprive, strip, divest - (take away possessions from someone; 'The Nazis stripped the Jews of all their assets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LosingSomething, :TakingSomethingAway, :UndesirableEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ValuableThing ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ] . :Divided :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DividingSomethingIntoParts ; :isTheOppositeOf :United ; :wnsense "divided1adj" ; :wordnet "divided" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Divided'' is for some Thing to be physically or mentally or organizationally restructured so as to either physically separate or mentally categorize the parts so that they can be viewed as individuals with their own properties. the 'divided' thing is the whole thing as it was before the ''DividingSomethingIntoParts'' Action. This is very general, and can be applied to Objects, Events, Organizations, and anything else that can be divided into parts in any manner. The subtypes are more specific. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'divided' in Wordnet: 1. (2) divided - (separated into parts or pieces; 'opinions are divided') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Dividend :wnsense "dividend2n" ; :wordnet "dividend" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dividend'' is a Quantity that is to be divided by a 'division' operation, or the subtype ''Numerator' which is the related number that is the upper part of a ''Ratio'' (a fraction, with or without dimensions (units of measure)) NOTE this is not restricted to real numbers it can be any kind of quantity that is susceptible to a division operation Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dividend' in WordNet: 2. dividend - (a number to be divided by another number) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quantity . :Dividing a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Isolating'' is an Action in which parts of some Object (or Group """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Isolation ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DividingIntoFineParticles :en "dividing into fine particles" ; :enn "dividing into fine particles" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DividingIntoFineParticles'' is a subtype of ''Separation-Complete'' that creates a ''ParticulateMatter'' by some Action including ''CuttingInPieces'' or a ''PulverizationEvent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Separation-Complete, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CuttingInPieces :PulverizationEvent ) ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FineParticles ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :DividingSomethingIntoParts :eng "dividing", "separating" ; :ldoce "divide", "split" ; :wnsense "carve up1v", "dissever1v", "divide1v", "divide5v", "division3n", "separate4v", "split up2v", "split1v" ; :wordnet "carve up", "dissever", "divide", "division", "separate", "split", "split up" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The general sense of an Action where something (a PhysicalObject, a Task, a Text, a Group of things - physical or abstract - etc) is divided into separate parts. This does not require that the parts move apart from each other: a partitioning of an office space or of a country is also a DividingSomethingIntoParts' For dividing a Group into subgroups by some criterion, use the subtytype 'Sorting' Corresponds to senses 1 and 5 of verb 'divide' and sense 1 of 'split' in WordNet: 1. (20) divide, split, split up, separate, dissever, carve up - (separate into parts or portions; 'divide the cake into three equal parts'; 'The British carved up the Ottoman Empire after World War I') 5. (1) separate, divide - (make a division or separation) WN noun 'division': 3. (4) division - (the act or process of dividing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DivisionOfAnObject ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Divided ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Divine :wnsense "divine1adj", "divine2adj", "divine3adj", "divine5adj", "godlike1adj", "godlike2adj", "godly2adj" ; :wordnet "divine", "godlike", "godly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Divine' is the attribute of a ''God''or of a God-like Supernatural Being. Includes adjective senses sense 1, 2, 3, and 5 of 'divine' in WordNet: 1. (4) divine, godly - (emanating from God; 'divine judgment'; 'divine guidance'; 'everything is black1 or white...satanic or godly'-Saturday Review) 2. (1) providential, divine - (resulting from divine providence; 'providential care'; 'a providential visitation') 3. (1) divine, godlike - (being or having the nature of a god; 'the custom of killing the divine king upon any serious failure of his...powers'-J.G.Frazier; 'the divine will'; 'the divine capacity for love'; \" 'Tis wise to learn; 'tis God-like to create \" -J.G.Saxe) 5. divine, godlike - (appropriate to or befitting a god; 'the divine strength of Achilles'; 'a man of godlike sagacity'; 'man must play God for he has acquired certain godlike powers'-R.H.Roveref) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DivineBeing :en "divine being" ; :enn "divine being" ; :guid "c10065ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all divinities, or supernatural beings that are gods, demi-gods, or otherwise god-like. Instances of #$DivineBeing are believed to be immortal in some cultures. Note that this collection is _not_ a specialization of #$Agent-Intangible, since some god-like beings are believed to have physical bodies. The subtype ''God'' represents magical jhigher-level''DivineBeing''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousFigure, :SupernaturalBeing . :Diviner :wnsense "diviner1n" ; :wordnet "diviner" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Diviner'' is a ''Seer'' who claims to have non-physical powers. - usually a charlatan, though possibly truly inspired. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'diviner' in WordNet: 1. diviner - (someone who claims to discover hidden knowledge with the aid of supernatural powers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seer . :Diving :ldoce "help" ; :wnsense "dive2v" ; :wordnet "dive" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Diving'' is an intentional Act of plunging into a ''BodyOfWater''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dive' in WordNet: 2. (1) dive - (plunge into water; 'I was afraid to dive from the board into the pool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Descending, :Falling-Freefall, :HumanActivity, :OutdoorActivity, :Plunging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :DivisibleByTwo :wnsense "even1adj" ; :wordnet "even" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DivisibleByTwo is an Attribute of a number that ends in an even number; this includes fractions that have a final digit that is an even number. All 'EvenNumber's are Integers that have this property. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'even' in Wordnet: 1. (4) even - (divisible by two) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvenlyDivisible . :Division :guid "bd588d1e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "division" ; :wnsense "division10n", "division11n", "division1n", "division4n" ; :wordnet "division" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Division' is a suborganization of some larger organization that is called a 'division' by its parent organization. The meaning depend on the usage on the parent organization. In business, a division is smaller than a company, but in the military a company is smaller than a division. The military sense is a subtype 'Division-Military' Corresponds to senses 1, 4, 10, and 11 of 'division' in WordNet: 4. (3) division - (an administrative unit in government or business) 1. (10) division - (an army unit large enough to sustain combat; 'two infantry divisions were held in reserve') 10. division, air division - (a unit of the United States Air Force usually comprising two or more wings) 11. division, naval division - (a group of ships of similar type) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suborganization . :Division-Military :ldoce "division" ; :wnsense "division10n", "division11n", "division1n" ; :wordnet "division" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Division-Military is a Division of soldiers or some other military unit called a 'division'. Includes senses 1, 10, and 11 of 'division' in WordNet: 1. (10) division - (an army unit large enough to sustain combat; 'two infantry divisions were held in reserve') 10. division, air division - (a unit of the United States Air Force usually comprising two or more wings) 11. division, naval division - (a group of ships of similar type) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Division, :MilitaryUnit . :DivisionOfAnObject :ldoce "part" ; :wnsense "division2n", "part5n", "section6n" ; :wordnet "division", "part", "section" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'division' in WordNet: 2. (6) part, section, division - (one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole; 'the written part of the exam'; 'the finance section of the company'; 'the BBC's engineering division') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Part . :Divisive :en "divisive" ; :enadj "divisive" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Dissension ; a :CausativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No WN entry for this sense of 'divisive' RHW 'divisive': 2. creating dissension or discord. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissension ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing ] . :Divisor :wnsense "divisor2n" ; :wordnet "divisor" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Divisor'' is a Quantity that divides the ''Dividend'' in a 'division' operation, or the subtype ''Denominator' which is the related number that is the lower part of a ''Ratio'' (a fraction, with or without dimensions (units of measure)) NOTE this is not restricted to real numbers it can be any kind of quantity that is susceptible to a division operation Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'divisor' in WordNet: 2. divisor - (the number by which a dividend is divided) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quantity . :Divorce :en "divorcing" ; :guid "c0fd5742-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "divorce1n", "divorce2v" ; :wordnet "divorce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The event which causes a marriage to end (when neither of the spouses' lives do). Although it involves a judge and a judgmentm this is not necessarily a ''CourtCase'' as it can be an amicable agreement. However, there will typically be one agent starting the action, and the second responding. There may also be a 'respondent', a third party alleged to be involved.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'divorce' in Wordnet: 1. (8) divorce, divorcement - (the legal dissolution of a marriage) WN verb 'divorce': 2. (2) divorce, split up - (get a divorce; formally terminate a marriage; 'The couple divorced after only 6 months') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Breakup, :LegalAction, :SocialInteraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marrying ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marriage ; owl:onProperty :terminatesState ] . :Divorced :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Divorce ; :wnsense "divorced1adj" ; :wordnet "divorced" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Divorced'' characterizes a Person who has dissolved a Marriage through ''Divorce'' and is not yet remarried. A person who experienced Divorce and then remarries is not characterized by this attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'divorced' in Wordnet: 1. (1) divorced - (of someone whose marriage has been legally dissolved) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unmarried . :Dixie :isaProperPartOf :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :wnsense "Dixie1n", "Dixieland1n" ; :wordnet "Dixie", "Dixieland" ; a :Southland ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Dixie' in WordNet: 1. Confederacy, Confederate States, Confederate States of America, South, Dixie, Dixieland - (the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861) """ . :Dizziness :wnsense "dizziness1n", "vertigo1n" ; :wordnet "dizziness", "vertigo" ; a :EventType, :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dizziness'' is a ''MedicalSymptom'' that can be caused by any of multiple physiological events. It is also considered as a ''Feeling''. This ''Dizziness'' is for the feeling that the world is turning similar to the feeling one gets from being rotated in place. A general 'faintness' is represented by ''Lightheadedness''. For 'lightheadedness' use ''Lightheadedness'', which does not necessarily include any element of dizziness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dizziness' in Wordnet: 1. dizziness, giddiness, lightheadedness, vertigo - (a reeling sensation; a feeling that you are about to fall) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, :MedicalSymptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dizzy ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Dizzy :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Dizziness ; :wnsense "dizzy1adj", "giddy1adj", "vertiginous1adj", "woozy1adj" ; :wordnet "dizzy", "giddy", "vertiginous", "woozy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an animal experiencing ''Dizziness''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dizzy' in WordNet: 1. (1) dizzy, giddy, woozy, vertiginous - (having or causing a whirling sensation; liable to falling; 'had a dizzy spell'; 'a dizzy pinnacle'; 'had a headache and felt giddy'; 'a giddy precipice'; 'feeling woozy from the blow on his head'; 'a vertiginous climb up the face of the cliff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Djibouti :wnsense "Djibouti2n" ; :wordnet "Djibouti" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Djibouti' in WordNet: 2. Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti, Afars and Issas - (a country in northeastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; formerly under French control but became independent in 1997) """ . :DnieperRiver :guid "bd588d9b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """one of the principal rivers of the world, flows through Ukraine into the BlackSea near the Crimea.""" . :Dock :guid "be0112f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dock3n", "pier1n", "wharf1n" ; :wordnet "dock", "pier", "wharf" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Dock is a specialization of #$FixedStructure, #$TransportFacility, and #$OutdoorLocation. Each instance of #$Dock is a long flat walkway that juts out over water from shorelines. A dock's main function is to provide a place to secure boats and to provide a place where passengers and cargo can be loaded and unloaded. This ''Dock'' includes waterside ''Platform''s that parallel the water designed or used for loading and unloading boats, as well as those that stick out into the water. Subtypes may be needed, e.g. 'pier' could be specific for jutting into the water: RHW 'pier' 1: structure built on posts extending from land out over water, used as a landing place for ships, an entertainment area, a strolling place, etc.; jetty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dock' in Wordnet: 3. pier, wharf, wharfage, dock - (a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :OutdoorObject, :Platform, :TransportFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoadingaBoat ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoadingaBoat ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ] . :DockingFacility :en "docking facility" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DockingFacility'' is a ''FixedStructure'' (a ''Facility-Generic'') that has at least one ''Dock''. docking facility """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dock ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :DoctorOfPhilosophy :ldoce "doctor" ; :wnsense "doctor4n" ; :wordnet "doctor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anyone who holds a 'PhDDegree' (PhD degree), not necessarily a philosopher. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'doctor' in WordNet: 4. doctor, Dr. - (a person who holds Ph.D. degree (or the equivalent) from an academic institution; 'she is a doctor of philosophy in physics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Graduate . :Doctoral :isTheOppositeOf :Qualitative ; :pertainsTo :DoctorOfPhilosophy, :DoctoralDegree, :MedicalDoctor, :PhDDegree ; :wnsense "doctoral1adj", "doctorial1adj" ; :wordnet "doctoral", "doctorial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''\"Doctoral'' pertains to a ''DoctoralDegree''or a Person with such a degree, or the course of studies leading to such a degree, including the final exam. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'doctoral' in Wordnet: 1. doctoral, doctorial - (of or relating to a doctor or doctorate; 'doctoral dissertation'; 'doctorial candidates') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DoctoralDegree :guid "c032128a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "doctor's degree1n", "doctorate1n" ; :wordnet "doctor's degree", "doctorate" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any degree called 'doctor' including MD, PhD, JurisDoctor, etc. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'doctor's degree' and 'doctorate' in WordNet: 1. doctor's degree, doctorate - - (one of the highest earned academic degrees conferred by a university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalDegree . :Document-Physical :wnsense "document1n", "papers1n", "written document1n" ; :wordnet "document", "papers", "written document" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of a physical, visually readable written or printed document.- the physical object, not the informational content. Documents, such as ID cards, may be on materials other than paper, so this category is not a subtype of 'Paper-IBO'. The Rosetta Stone is an instance. However, the arrangement of electrons in an electronic or magnetic recording medium is not an instance of Document-Physical nor is a file recorded on a CD, even though the CD is a PhysicalObject; Digital documents that are on a physical medium are instances of ''DigitalInformationBearingObject'', otherwise they are instances of 'ComputerFile-Abstract',. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'document' in WordNet: 1. (3) document, written document, papers - (writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractDocument :Event :EventType :DocumentType :DigitalInformationBearingObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :DocumentBindingEvent :guid "c04cd7ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'BindingEvent'. This should be used for creation of some document that is intended to be read as a whole. A stapling together of unrelated papers would not qualify as an instance. This includes both hardover and softcover binding. Cyc: A collection of events. In each #$BindingEvent event, several loose sheets (of paper or other material) are combined into an ordered whole, which could be a book, a catalogue, or any kind of multipage document. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Binding, :CoveringSomething . :DocumentCopy :en "document copy" ; :enn "document copy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DocumentCopy'' is a ''ImageCopy'' produced by some copying process. This is not necessarily printed on a sheet of paper. The typical paper copy is represented by subtype ''Photocopy'' and its sutypes. this is not for 'hand-copying' a document. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImageCopy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copier ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByDeviceType ] . :DocumentCreation :wnsense "record1v" ; :wordnet "record" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''DocumentCreation' is a ''Writing''event in which an IntelligentAgent creates a physical Text that is a ''Document-Physical''. This is very broad,including any kind of written document created, which may have a lot of images included. **NOTE** that an instance of this type can be to create *part* of a document, not necessarily a complete document. Parts may be created by differentpeople, and each part ic created by an instance of this type. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'record' (broadly construed as creating a written document) in WordNet: 1. (36) record, enter, put down - (make a record of; set down in permanent form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Document-Physical ] . :DocumentFormat :wnsense "format1n", "format2n" ; :wordnet "format" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DocumentFormat'' is the ''Appearance'' (pattern of parts) of a document (abstract or physical) which can be as small as a line of text (free use of 'document'). Two sense could be different, but sense 1 is not easily represented in detail. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'format' in WordNet in WordNet: 1. format, formatting, data format, data formatting - (the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)) 2. format - (the general appearance of a publication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appearance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formatting ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :DocumentPart :en "document part", "part of a document" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DocumentPart'' is a part of an 'AbstractDocument''that is a ''Section'', in itself sufficiently complete and coherent to be represented as an ''AbstractDocument'' (rather than as just a sentence or paragraph). This can,for example, be an introduction, a summarizing abstract, a chapter of a book or an article in a Newspaper, Magazine, or Journal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :Section, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractText ; owl:onProperty :containsSymbolicObject ] . :DocumentType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DocumentType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of documents (physical or abstract) as their argument. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :DocumentaryEvidence :wnsense "documentation3n", "support5n" ; :wordnet "documentation", "support" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PhysicalEvidence'' is a ''Document-Physical'' that can serve as evidence of some Events or facts. If the ''DocumentaryEvidence'' is an official document then it will be an instance of the subtype ''DocumentaryRecord''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'documentation' in WordNet: 3. documentation, support - (documentary validation; 'his documentation of the results was excellent'; 'the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Document-Physical, :PhysicalEvidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Writing ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :DocumentaryMovie :wnsense "docudrama1n", "documentary film1n", "documentary1n", "infotainment1n" ; :wordnet "docudrama", "documentary", "documentary film", "infotainment" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DocumentaryMovie'' is a Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'documentary' in WordNet: 1. (5) documentary, docudrama, documentary film, infotainment - (a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movie . :DocumentaryRecord :ennp "records" ; :ldoce "record" ; :wnsense "record8n" ; :wordnet "record" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DocumentaryRecord'' is an ''OfficialDocument'' that can serve as evidence of some Events, including Events such as a Person enrolling in a group or having been listed in some group of people, or financial transactions. @1701 A common subtype is a ''Register'' in which the names of people with some specific attributes (such as eligibility to vote) are listed, or a list of objects present in some location. See ''Register''. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'record' in WordNet: 8. (10) record - (a document that can serve as legal evidence of a transaction; 'they could find no record of the purchase') WN (i.e. the part that is a record created by a form of writing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentaryEvidence, :InformationBearingObject, :OfficialDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Record ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :DocumentingaFact :wnsense "certification2n", "corroboration1n", "documentation1n" ; :wordnet "certification", "corroboration", "documentation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DocumentingaFact'' is ''ConfirmingaFact'' by providing ''DocumentaryEvidence''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'documentation' in WordNet: 1. documentation, certification, corroboration - (confirmation that some fact or statement is true) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConfirmingaFact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DocumentaryEvidence ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :Documents :en "documents" ; :ennp "documents" ; :wnsense "papers1n" ; :wordnet "papers" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting of at least two ''Document-Physical''s alls dealing with a single Topic or some small number of related Topics. This can be used for the documents requested from the government in a ''Freedom of Information'' request. NOTE: this senses of 'papers' is interpreted as a plural number of documents. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'document' in WordNet: 1. (3) document, written document, papers - (writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Document-Physical ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Topic ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Doer :wnsense "doer2n" ; :wordnet "doer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Doer'' is a ''Person'' who is a ''Participant'' in some ''Event'' that usually accomplishes what s/he sets out to 'do' (presumably as a result of ''Determination'' as well as skill.. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'doer' in WordNet: 2. actor, doer, worker - (a person who acts and gets things done; 'he's a principal actor in this affair'; 'when you want something done get a doer'; 'he's a miracle worker') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Actor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Determined ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dog :guid "bd58daa0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :kids "bow-wow", "doggie" ; :ldoce "dog" ; :wnsense "dog1n" ; :wordnet "dog" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$BiologicalSpecies (scientific name 'Canis familiaris') that is a specialization of #$CanineAnimal (q.v.). Each instance of #$Dog is a canine animal that has either been bred to be a domestic pet (see #$DomesticatedAnimal) or is a wild canine animal that is not an instance of #$Wolf, #$Fox, or any other non-dog specialization of #$CanineAnimal, such as the Australian #$Dingo. Note that although #$Dog and #$Wolf are considered distinct #$BiologicalSpecies, instances of the two can and do interbreed successfully. This species classification is therefore unusual, and in some circles, controversial. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dog' in WordNet: 1. (42) dog, domestic dog, Canis familiaris - (a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds; 'the dog barked all night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canine, :DomesticatedAnimal . :DogBed :guid "c04bb52f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small, soft, usually round cushioned fabric object with low sides, designed to sit on the ground and provide a comfortable place for dogs (or cats) to lie.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object-SupportingFurniture . :DogCollar :wnsense "dog collar1n" ; :wordnet "dog collar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dog collar' in WordNet: 1. dog collar - (a collar for a dog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RestrainingCollar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dog ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :DogFood :guid "bd588d00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dog food1n" ; :wordnet "dog food" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'AnimalFood' intended for eating by pet dogs. CYC: The collection of all dog food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dog food' in WordNet: 1. dog food - (food prepared for dogs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalFood, :PetFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dog ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ] . :DogSled :guid "bd588ddc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dog sled1n", "dogsled1n" ; :wordnet "dog sled", "dogsled" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is considered as transporter, even though it is also used in some sporting contests such as the 'Iditerod'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dogsled' in WordNet: 1. dogsled, dog sled, dog sleigh - (a sled pulled by dogs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTransportationDevice, :SnowSurfaceTransporter . :Doghouse :guid "c0a11725-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dog house1n", "doghouse1n", "kennel1n" ; :wordnet "dog house", "doghouse", "kennel" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Doghouse'' is a small ''Outbuilding'' just large enough to fit a ''Dog'' inside, to allow it to stay out of bad weather. A 'kennel' may fit more than one dog. CYC: Each #$Doghouse is a small structure, usually found in backyards, intended to provide a pet dog shelter from the weather. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doghouse' in WordNet: 1. (1) kennel, doghouse, dog house - (outbuilding that serves as a shelter for a dog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outbuilding, :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dog ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :Dogmatical :wnsense "dogmatic1adj", "dogmatical1adj" ; :wordnet "dogmatic", "dogmatical" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dogmatical' in Wordnet: 1. dogmatic, dogmatical - (characterized by assertion of unproved or unprovable principles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biased, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Partiality ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :DogwoodTree :guid "bd58b0d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cornel1n", "dogwood tree1n", "dogwood1n" ; :wordnet "cornel", "dogwood", "dogwood tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DogwoodTree'' is covered with lovely white or pink blossoms in the spring. CYC: 'Dogwood'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dogwood tree' in WordNet: 1. dogwood, dogwood tree, cornel - (a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringTree . :Doily :wnsense "doily1n", "doyely1n", "doyly1n" ; :wordnet "doily", "doyely", "doyly" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Considered logically as a subtype of 'TableCloth' though 'TableCloth' usually means a cloth to cover a whole table (should this be subtype?). Note that WN has a subtype 'tea cloth' ('a small tablecloth'), so the WN 'TableCloth' does not have to cover the whole table. Distinguished by maximum width, and made of linen. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doily' or 'doyly' or 'doyley' in Wordnet: 1. doily, doyley, doyly - (a small round piece of linen place under a dish or bowl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TableCloth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Linen ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :DoingAHomeworkAssignment :en "doing homework", "doing one's homework", "doing your homework" ; :guid "c102ac53-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The execution of a ''Homework'' assignment. ''Homework'' itself is in CYC: The collection of all educational #$Tasks assigned by a #$Teacher to a #$Student to be performed outside of school hours. Generally involves reading, writing, and/or solving problems.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingSomething, :Studying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Homework ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :DoingAddition :guid "bd58e980-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "add", "addition" ; :wnsense "add4v", "add5v", "addition6n" ; :wordnet "add", "addition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of doing addition with numbers, an arithmetic operation. This can be done by a person or machine. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'addition' and senses 4 and 5 of 'add' in WordNet: 6. summation, addition, plus - (the arithmetic operation of summing; calculating the sum of two or more numbers; 'the summation of four and three gives seven'; 'four plus three equals seven') WN verb 'add': 4. (13) add, add together - (make an addition by combining numbers; 'Add 27 and 49, please!') 5. (8) total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate, tote up, add, add together, tally, add up - (determine the sum of; 'Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :DoingAnArithmeticOperation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sum ] . :DoingAnArithmeticOperation :en "calculating" ; :guid "bd58caa7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "calculate", "figure" ; :wnsense "calculate1v", "calculation1n", "calculation2n", "computation1n", "computation2n", "compute1v", "computing2n", "figure4v", "figuring1n", "reckon4v", "reckoning1n" ; :wordnet "calculate", "calculation", "computation", "compute", "computing", "figure", "figuring", "reckon", "reckoning" ; a :ActionType, :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In SUMO called 'Calculating'. This category includes all operations on numbers including simple counting of objects, whether physical or mental. This requires a ''QuantityGroup'' as the input, whether that Group is two or more ''Quantity''s. It excludes mathematical operations on purely symbolic non-numerical objects (as in logic), but calculations in which manipulation of symbols produces a numerical result, as in some algebra operations, is included. SUMO: IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve the consideration and/or manipulation of instances of Quantity. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'calculate' and verb sense 1 of 'compute' and verb sense 4 of 'figure' and noun sense 1 of 'calcualtion' in WordNet: 1. (26) calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure - (make a mathematical calculation or computation) WN noun 'calculation': 1. (12) calculation, computation, computing - (the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods) 2. (4) calculation, computation, figuring, reckoning - (problem solving that involves numbers or quantities) WN verb 'figure': 4. (2) calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure - (make a mathematical calculation or computation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingMath, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :QuantityGroup ] . :DoingDivision :guid "82ea3503-1ec4-11d8-9924-000347a4228d" ; :ldoce "divide" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :DoingMultiplication ; :wnsense "divide2v" ; :wordnet "divide" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The human activity of performing artithmetic division. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'divide' and sense 5 of 'division' in WordNet: 2. (16) divide, fraction - (perform a division; \"Can you divide 49 by seven?\") WN 'division': 5. (2) division - (an arithmetic operation that is the inverse of multiplication; the quotient of two numbers is computed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingAnArithmeticOperation . :DoingMath :guid "c10af7ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "calculate" ; :wnsense "calculate1v", "calculation1n", "compute1v" ; :wordnet "calculate", "calculation", "compute" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Performing math calculations, usually in the head, possibly aided by writing down starting numbers or results. This is (among other things) what algebra students do when they do their algebra homework. Having a dumb machine do the calculations is something different, but an Artifical Intelligence doing math might qualify.. This is not restricted to doing only arithmetic operations, it can be for even very abstract mathematical procedures that do not directly involve numerical quantities, so is a supertype of 'DoingAnArithmeticOperation'. Includes but appears to be broader than verb sense 1 of 'calculate' and verb sense 1 of 'compute' and noun sense 1 of 'calcualtion' in WordNet: 1. (26) calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure - (make a mathematical calculation or computation) WN noun 'calculation': 1. (12) calculation, computation, computing - (the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Computing, :DoingSomething, :PurposefulMentalActivity . :DoingMultiplication :guid "82ea5c11-1ec4-11d8-9924-000347a4228d" ; :ldoce "multiply" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :DoingDivision ; :wnsense "multiplication1n", "multiply1v" ; :wordnet "multiply" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The human activity of performing artithmetic multiplication. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'multiply' and noun sense 1 of 'multiplication' in WordNet: 1. (23) multiply - (combine by multiplication; 'multiply 10 by 15') WN 'multiplication': 1. (2) multiplication, times - (an arithmetic operation that is the inverse of division; the product of two numbers is computed; 'the multiplication of four by three gives twelve'; 'four times three equals twelve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingAnArithmeticOperation . :DoingOnesDuty :en "doing one's duty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''DoingOnesDuty'' is an instance of an Action in which a Person executes some Action which is an ''Obligation' or part of an ''Obligation''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarryingOutaTask, :FulfillingAnObligation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conforming ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DoingSomething :ldoce "do" ; :nsm "do" ; :wnsense "do5v" ; :wordnet "do" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DoingSomething'' is a subtype of ''Action'' on which something is changed - not necessarily the thing intended. So this is a ''BecomingEvent'' because something is accomplshed, but it is not necessarly a ''SuccessfulAction'' because the thing that is accomplished is not necessarily the intended ''Goal'' of the action. The thing that is accomplished (A ''PersistentState'' or change) is pointed to by the relation ''hadChangedEntity'' inherited from ''BecomingEvent''. The thing that is accomplished may be reversed (if reversible) by an ''Undoing'' action. The ''UndoingAction'' might itself be reversed by an opposite ''DoingSomething'', which would then be an''UndoingAction'' of the previous action; (or the thing done could be undone by natural forces) , and the do/undo cycle may go back and forth - but that is not a typical sequence of ''DoingSomething'' actions. The closest synset in WN to this concept is verb sense 5 of 'do'; but that synset includes 'causing' an Event that is not a ''Persistentstate''. Causing an Event that is not a ''Persistentstate''is best expressed by the type ''CausingSomething'' and the relation 'causes'' in WordNet: 5. (35) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectingSomething, :BecomingEvent, :PerformingSomeAction . :DoingSubtraction :guid "82ea5c10-1ec4-11d8-9924-000347a4228d" ; :ldoce "subtract" ; :wnsense "deduct1v", "subtract1v", "subtraction1n", "take off9v" ; :wordnet "deduct", "subtract", "subtraction", "take off" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The human activity of performing arithmetic subtraction. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'subtract' and noun sense 1 of 'subtraction' in WordNet: 1. (10) subtract, deduct, take off - (make a subtraction) WN noun 'subtraction': 1. subtraction, minus - (an arithmetic operation in which the difference between two numbers is calculated; 'the subtraction of three from four leaves one'; 'four minus three equals one') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingAnArithmeticOperation . :DoingThingsTogether a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DoingThingsTogether'' is any HumanActivity that depends for its essential character on the participation of two or more people in a common goal. The 'togetherness' aspect of this type does not require that the people be in direct physical contact; an exchange of ideas by any communication method can provide the link that allows people to work together for a common goal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngagingInAnActivity, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Accompanier :GroupOfPeople :RoleType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AccompanyingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :DoingaJig :wnsense "jig1n" ; :wordnet "jig" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jig' in WordNet: 4. jig - (any of various old rustic dances involving kicking and leaping) WN verb 'jig': 1. (1) jig - (dance a quick dance with leaping and kicking motions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FolkDancing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kicking ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jumping ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lively ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Doll :guid "be01161e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "doll1n" ; :wordnet "doll" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC 'DOll-Toy': A toy person which children usually play with or collect Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doll' in Wordnet: 1. (1) doll, dolly - (a small replica of a person; used as a toy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, :Toy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :DollCarriage :en "doll carriage", "doll-carriage" ; :isDesignedToContain :Doll ; :ldoce "carriage" ; :wnsense "carriage5n" ; :wordnet "carriage" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small carriage similar in design to a ''BabyCarriage'' but designed as a toy, and smaller, built less ruggedly and without safety features, suitable for carrying dolls as though they were human infants. Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'carriage' in WordNet: 5. baby buggy, baby carriage, carriage, perambulator, pram, stroller, go-cart, pushchair, pusher - (a small vehicle with four wheels in which a baby or child is pushed around) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BabyCarriage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doll ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "150"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters ] . :DollHouse :wnsense "doll's house1n", "dollhouse1n" ; :wordnet "doll's house", "dollhouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dollhouse' in WordNet: 2. dollhouse, doll's house - (a small model of a house used as a toy by children) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, :Toy, :ToyReplica, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :House ; owl:onProperty :resembles ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doll ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MinorChild ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Dollar :ldoce "dollar" ; :wnsense "dollar1n" ; :wordnet "dollar" ; a :CurrencyUnit ; rdfs:comment """A generic 'dollar' - The unit of currency used in several countries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dollar' in WordNet: 1. (23) dollar - (the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents) """ . :Dolomite :containsChemicalElement :Magnesium ; :guid "bded6a5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dolomite1n" ; :wordnet "dolomite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dolomite' in WordNet: 1. dolomite - (a kind of sedimentary rock resembling marble or limestone but rich in magnesium carbonate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :Dolphin :wnsense "dolphin1n" ; :wordnet "dolphin" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dolphin' in WordNet: 2. dolphin - (any of various small toothed whales with a beaklike snout; larger than porpoises) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DolphinOrPorpoise . :DolphinOrPorpoise :guid "bd58f4c2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Refers to mammalian dolphins and porpoises, as opposed to the fish often called a dolphin.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cetacean . :DomainOfKnowledge :wnsense "domain5n", "realm2n" ; :wordnet "domain", "realm" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DomainOfKnowledge'' is some specific group of facts or interests or activities that people may be interested in. This can be informal and can be of interest to a very small group of people, whereas the subtype ''FieldOfStudy'' subsumes topics that have become subjects of formal study, research, analysis, amd publication, particularly in institutions of higher learning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domain' in Wordnet: 5. domain, region, realm - (a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about; 'it was a limited domain of discourse'; 'here we enter the region of opinion'; 'the realm of the occult') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Topic . :Dome :guid "c0f48a82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dome4n" ; :wordnet "dome" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dome'' is a ''Roof'' that is hemispherical or some truncated part of a hemishere in shape. This includes 'domes' on vehicles. CYC: A domed roof. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'dome' in WordNet: 4. dome - (a hemispherical roof) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roof, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ; owl:someValuesFrom :Hemisphere ] . :DomedCeiling :en "domed ceiling" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DomedCeiling'' is a ''Ceiling'' whose internal surface is in the shae of a ''Dome'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceiling, :FabricObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ; owl:someValuesFrom :Dome ] . :Domestic :pertainsTo :Family-Human, :Home, :Residence ; :wnsense "domestic2adj", "domestic3adj" ; :wordnet "domestic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Domestic'' is the attribute of something that pertains to a Home, or a residence, or things that occur in a residence. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domestic' in WordNet: 2. (8) domestic - (of or relating to the home; 'domestic servant'; 'domestic science') 3. (3) domestic - (of or involving the home or family; 'domestic worries'; 'domestic happiness'; 'they share the domestic chores'; 'everything sounded very peaceful and domestic'; 'an author of blood-and-thunder novels yet quite domestic in his taste') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DomesticAquarium :en "home aquarium" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DomesticAquarium'' is a small ''Aquarium'' that is a portable object. maintained inside a residence or room in a place of business, usually having four transparent (e.g. glass) sides for viewing for pleasure. ''Aquarium''s kept in a food store to hold live aquatic animals for sale are not instances. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aquarium, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "200"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :DomesticCat :en "kitty", "kitty-cat", "puss", "pussycat" ; :guid "bd5904ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :informalTerm "kitty", "kitty-cat", "puss", "pussycat" ; :ldoce "cat" ; :wnsense "cat1n", "domestic cat1n", "house cat1n" ; :wordnet "cat", "domestic cat", "house cat" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cats people commonly keep as pets. SUMO: A variety of Feline which has been domesticated by selective breeding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domestic cat' and of 'house cat' and sense 4 of 'kitty' (informal term)in WordNet: 1. domestic cat, house cat, Felis domesticus, Felis catus - (any domesticated member of the genus Felis) WN 'kitty': 4. kitty, kitty-cat, puss, pussy, pussycat - (informal terms referring to a domestic cat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cat, :DomesticPet ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Cat :DomesticPet ) ] . :DomesticCattle :guid "bd66b2cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cattle1n" ; :wordnet "cattle" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All types of animals that can be referred to as 'cattle'; includes buffalo, cows.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cattle' in WordNet: 1. (25) cattle, cows, kine, oxen, Bos taurus - (domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age; 'so many head of cattle'; 'wait till the cows come home'; 'seven thin and ill-favored kine'- Bible; 'a team of oxen') WN noun 'bovine': 1. bovine - (any of various members of the genus Bos) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bovine, :DomesticatedAnimal, :HerdAnimal, :MeatBearingAnimal . :DomesticHelp :wnsense "domestic help1n", "domestic1n", "house servant1n" ; :wordnet "domestic", "domestic help", "house servant" ; a :HumanRoleType, :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domestic help' in WordNet: 1. domestic, domestic help, house servant - (a servant who is paid to perform menial tasks around the household) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Servant, :UnskilledWorker . :DomesticHen :ldoce "hen" ; :wnsense "hen1n" ; :wordnet "hen" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An adult female domestic chicken. Corresponds to noun sense of 'hen' in WordNet: 1. (22) hen, biddy - (adult female chicken) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chicken, :Hen ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Chicken :Hen ) ] . :DomesticPartner :wnsense "domestic partner1n", "lover3n", "significant other1n" ; :wordnet "domestic partner", "lover", "significant other" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DomesticPartner' is The Role of a Companion who lives together in a loving and often intimate relationship with a Person as a living unit, whether married or unmarried, homosexual or heterosexual. Tax laws, employment conditions, and some states may formally recognize this relationship. Merely sharing a living space does not qualify as being a ''DomesticPartner''. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'domestic partner' and sense 3 of 'lover' in WordNet: 1. domestic partner, significant other, spousal equivalent, spouse equivalent - (a person (not necessarily a spouse) with whom you cohabit and share a long-term sexual relationship) WN noun 'lover': 3. lover - (a significant other to whom you are not related by marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Companion, :LovedOne, :Partner . :DomesticPet :guid "bd590532-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pet" ; :wnsense "pet1n" ; :wordnet "pet" ; a :OrganismType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$DomesticPet is a specialization of #$DomesticatedAnimal, #$HumanOccupationConstructResident, and #$PortableObject. Each specialization of #$DomesticPet is a type of domesticated animal kept by humans to provide some form of pleasure; dogs and cats are kept primarily for companionship, but fish, birds, rodents and yard animals may serve in this role, and may be related by the ''mayFillTheRoleOf'' relation. . Many members of #$DomesticPet live in the homes of their owners. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pet' in WordNet: 1. (2) pet - (a domesticated animal kept for companionship or amusement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticatedAnimal, :HumanOccupationConstructResident, :PortableObject . :DomesticatedAnimal :en "domesticated animal" ; :guid "c10c22cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "domestic animal1n" ; :wordnet "domestic animal" ; a :BeastType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TameAnimal. Each instance of #$DomesticatedAnimal is an animal that has been bred and trained in such a way that it cannot readily survive in the wild. Domesticated animals are kept by humans for labor, transportation, food, or as pets, and their relations with humans are more or less cooperative. #$DomesticatedAnimal does _not_ include most wild animals kept in zoos (see #$CaptiveAnimal). Cf. #$WildAnimal. SUMO(domesticAnimal) Any Animal that is kept by a Human, as a pet, as livestock, for exhibition, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'domestic animal' in WordNet: 1. (1) domestic animal - (any of various domesticated animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, :TameAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Domestic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :WildAnimal . :DomesticatedAnimalFood :guid "bd588c3b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Food. Each instance of #$DomesticatedAnimalFood is a foodstuff produced by human beings and intended for consumption by domesticated animals. This collection includes feed manufactured for horses, cattle, chickens, and other farm animals, as well as pet food.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticatedAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ] . :Dominant :isAnAttributeValueOf :Authority ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :ControllingAuthority ; :wnsense "dominant1adj" ; :wordnet "dominant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dominant'' is an Attribute of People or Groups who have ''controllingAuthority'' over other people or groups. For the subsense meaning 'having strong influence' use ''HighlyInfluential'' Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'dominant' (the part meaning ability to dominate people) in WordNet: 1. (51) dominant - (exercising influence or control; 'television plays a dominant role in molding public opinion'; 'the dominant partner in the marriage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :DominatingSomething :wnsense "dominate1v", "dominate4v" ; :wordnet "dominate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DominatingSomething'' is a vague class of ''Action''s that include being in large numbers and being very prominent in some context. Subtypes can be more specific when needed. Includes senses 1 and 4 of verb 'dominate' in Wordnet: 1. (9) predominate, dominate, rule, reign, prevail - (be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance; 'Money reigns supreme here'; 'Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood') 4. dominate, command, overlook, overtop - (look down on; 'The villa dominates the town') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action . :Dominica :wnsense "Dominica1n" ; :wordnet "Dominica" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Dominica' in WordNet: 1. Dominica, Commonwealth of Dominica -- (a country on the island of Dominica) """ . :Dominican :isAnAttributeValueOf :DominicanFriar, :DominicanOrder ; :pertainsTo :DominicanOrder ; :wnsense "Dominican2adj" ; :wordnet "Dominican" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'Dominican' in Wordnet: 2. Dominican - (of or relating to Saint Dominic or the Dominican order; 'Dominican monks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DominicanFriar :wnsense "Black Friar1n", "Blackfriar1n", "Dominican1n", "friar preacher1n" ; :wordnet "Black Friar", "Blackfriar", "Dominican", "friar preacher" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """order, monastic order Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Dominican' in WordNet: 1. Dominican, Black Friar, Blackfriar, friar preacher - (a Roman Catholic friar wearing the black mantle of the Dominican order) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CatholicPerson, :Friar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DominicanOrder ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :DominicanOrder :wnsense "Dominican order1n" ; :wordnet "Dominican order" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Dominican order' in WordNet: 1. Dominican order - (a Roman Catholic order of mendicant preachers founded in the 13th century) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonasticOrder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DominicanFriar ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :DominicanRepublic a :Country . :Dominion :guid "bd5883de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Dominion3n" ; :wordnet "Dominion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The physical and functional sides of a Protectorate - a geopolitical entity that is nearly independent; it is still somewhat influenced by a foreign power, and (typically) weakly defended by them in case of attack. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'Dominion' in WordNet: 3. Dominion - (one of the self-governing nations in the British Commonwealth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlledLand . :DonRiver :guid "bd58ca79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """a major river of SW USSR. Volga-Don canal connects to the Volga. Land of the storied Don Cossacks.""" . :Donating :en "contributing", "donating" ; :wnsense "contribute2v", "donate1v" ; :wordnet "contribute", "donate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Donating'' is a ''GivingaGift'' in which the thing given is a ''Donation'' (a ''ValuableThing'') for some cause, person, group or Organization. This is more specific than just giving to some person who is not in need of substantial assistance; typically the recipient is a ''NonProfitOrganization''. Giving a non-critical gift would be an instance of the parent type ''GivingaGift''. NOTE that 'donating blood' or 'donating an organ' to a specific Person would be an instance of 'GivingaGift', as the recipient is not a ''NonProfitOrganization''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'donate' and verb sense 2 of'contribute' in WordNet: 1. (7) donate - (give to a charity or good cause; 'I donated blood to the Red Cross for the victims of the earthquake'; 'donate money to the orphanage'; 'She donates to her favorite charity every month') WN verb 'contribute': 2. (25) contribute, give, chip in, kick in - (contribute to some cause; 'I gave at the office') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContributingSomething, :GivingaGift, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Donation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Donor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonProfitOrganization ] . :DonatingLargeAmountsOfMoney :en "donate a large amount of money", "donating a large amount of money", "donating lots of money", "giving a big donation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DonatingLargeAmountsOfMoney'' is a 'Donating'' that is usually aseries of ''Donating'' Actions, which in total exceed the amount of money a middle-class Person could donate, or even earn in one year.. This is set here at more than a million 2019 dollars. Other numbers can be """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Donating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :LargeAmountOfMoney ] . :DonatingToaReligiousOrganization :en "contributing", "donating" ; :wnsense "contribute2v", "donate1v" ; :wordnet "contribute", "donate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DonatingToaReligiousOrganization'' is a 'Donating'' in which the recipient is a ''ReligiousOrganization''. A donation to a ''ReligiousOrganization'' is called an 'offering' by some, thus is a specialized subtype. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Donating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :DonationOffering ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReligiousOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReligiousOrganization ] . :Donation :wnsense "contribution2n", "donation1n" ; :wordnet "contribution", "donation" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Donation'' is a Gift (the thing given,not the Action) of something valuable, usually a quantity of Money, to some Organization or 'cause', typically as a resut of some ''SolicitationOfMoney' made public or made in private. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'donation' in WordNet: 1. (2) contribution, donation - (a voluntary gift (as of money or service or ideas) made to some worthwhile cause) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gift, :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Donating ] . :DonationOffering :wnsense "offering2n" ; :wordnet "offering" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DonationOffering''is a ''Donation'' that is a quantity of Money given to a ''ReligiousOrganization''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'offering' in WordNet: 2. offering - (money contributed to a religious organization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Donation, :MoneyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DonatingToaReligiousOrganization ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ] . :Done :isAnAttributeValueOf :Food-ReadyToEat ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CookingFood ; :wnsense "done2adj" ; :wordnet "done" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Done'' is an Attribute of Food that has been ''Cooked'' sufficiently to be fit for enjoyable consumption. Degrees of ''Done'' can vary from ''rare' to ''well done', to suit the taste of the dining Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'done' in Wordnet: 2. done - (cooked until ready to serve) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cooked, :PastParticiple, :ReadyToEat . :DoneWell :en "well done" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SuccessfulAction ; :wnsense "boffo1adj" ; :wordnet "boffo" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DoneWell'' is a subtype of 'Successful' an AttributeValue specifically for a SuccessfulAction that was performed with better than average skill, speed,or outcome. No exact WN sense for this. RHW adj 'well-done': 1. performed accurately and diligently; executed with skill and efficiency. RHW adj 'boffo': 2. highly effective or successful: He gave a boffo performance as Cyrano. Closest Corresponding WN adjective sense is sense 1 of 'boffo' in Wordnet: 1. boffo - (resoundingly successful and popular; 'for years he was a boffo box office certainty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effective, :Successful . :Donee :wnsense "donee1n" ; :wordnet "donee" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (for beneficiaries of a ''Donating'' Action) noun sense 1 of 'donee' in WordNet: 1. beneficiary, donee - (the recipient of funds or other benefits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beneficiary, :LegalAgent, :RoleInAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Donating ; owl:onProperty :isTheBeneficiaryOf ] . :Donkey :guid "bd58bf02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Equus asinus2n", "domestic ass1n", "donkey2n" ; :wordnet "Equus asinus", "domestic ass", "donkey" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :RiddenAnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all donkeys; a subset of #$EquineAnimal. Also called burros, donkeys are slightly smaller than most horses. Elements of #$Donkey may belong to either of the collections #$DomesticatedAnimal or #$WildAnimal. Domesticated donkeys are used for draught and riding. Donkeys can interbreed with horses to produce a nonfertile mule or a jenny (see #$Horse, #$Mule). SUMO: A domesticated HoofedMammal that is used for work. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'donkey' in WordNet: 2. domestic ass, donkey, Equus asinus - (domestic beast of burden descended from the African wild ass; patient but stubborn) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ass, :Livestock . :Donor :wnsense "contributor1n", "donor1n" ; :wordnet "contributor", "donor" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Donor'' is a ''Giver'' that gives a ''Donation''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'giver' and sense 1 of 'contributor' in WordNet: 2. donor, giver, presenter, bestower, conferrer - (person who makes a gift of property) WN noun 'contributor': 1. (1) subscriber, contributor - (someone who contributes (or promises to contribute) a sum of money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefactor, :Contributor, :Giver, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Donating ] . :Doofus :en "yo-yo", "yoyo" ; :enn "yo-yo", "yoyo" ; :wnsense "dimwit1n", "doofus1n", "half-wit2n", "nitwit1n" ; :wordnet "dimwit", "doofus", "half-wit", "nitwit" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Doofus'' is a deprecatingr insultingword used to assert that some Person ineptor incompetent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doofus' in WordNet: 1. dimwit, nitwit, half-wit, doofus - (a stupid incompetent person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StupidPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Moronic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Doom :en "weird" ; :wnsense "doom1n" ; :wordnet "doom" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Doom' is a ''Destiny'' that is really ''Bad'' or ''Undesirable'', usually including a premature or unpleasant ''Death''. NOTE: the only WN sense includes 'end of the world', but that concept is represened by the subtype ''EndOfTheWorld'' This type is closer to the RHW senses 1 and 2 of 'doom': 1. fate or destiny, esp. adverse fate; unavoidable ill fortune: In exile and poverty, he met his doom. 2. ruin; death: to fall to one's doom. This COSMO concept, like the parent ''Destiny'' is not used in a technical or scientific sense, but is a representation of a real concept (''LifeTime'') that has a strong relation to popular or philosophic notions of the forces that affect people, inlcuding 'luck'. The logical representation of this popular notion is represented by the relation ''mayBeCausedBy Fate'', which makes no commitment about the reality of that mystical force. In some dialects represented by the noun 'weird': RHW noun 'weird': n. Chiefly Scot. 4. fate; destiny. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'doom' in WordNet: 1. (3) doom, doomsday, day of reckoning, end of the world - (an unpleasant or disastrous destiny; 'everyone was aware of the approaching doom but was helpless to avoid it'; 'that's unfortunate but it isn't the end of the world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Destiny, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bad ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Door :guid "bd5899ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToCover :Doorway ; :ldoce "door" ; :wnsense "door1n" ; :wordnet "door" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'DoorwayCovering' in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of #$PortalCovering. Each instance of #$DoorwayCovering is a physical object used to cover some kind of portal, including but not limited to doorways in buildings. This collection also includes doors of cars, buses, subways, elevators, garages, airplane hangars - coverings over any doors that people (and perhaps vehicles) pass through. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'door' in WordNet: 1. (98) door - (a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle; 'he knocked on the door'; 'he slammed the door as he left') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PortalCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doorway ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :DoorKnob :en "door-knob" ; :wnsense "doorknob1n" ; :wordnet "doorknob" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Knob'' is a Handle that is round, close to spherical (''Ovoidal''), and is just large enough to be grasped conveniently by the hand, to open a door or drawer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doorknob' in Wordnet: 1. (1) doorknob, doorhandle - (a knob used to release the catch when opening a door (often called 'doorhandle' in Great Britain)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knob, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Door ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :DoorMan :guid "bd589ac7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "door guard1n", "doorkeeper3n", "doorman1n", "gatekeeper2n", "hall porter1n", "porter2n" ; :wordnet "door guard", "doorkeeper", "doorman", "gatekeeper", "hall porter", "porter" ; a :HumanRoleType, :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DoorMan'' is a Person (male or female) stands at or monitors the front Door of a building to open the door for people who are entitled to enter, and refuse entry or call someone who can authorize entry. CYC: Someone who opens and closes a door (usually the outside entrance to a hotel, apartment bldg, or commercial building frequented by many people) as the main task of his/her job. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doorman' in WordNet: 1. (3) doorkeeper, doorman, door guard, hall porter, porter, gatekeeper, ostiary - (someone who guards an entrance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :PersonWithOccupation, :ServicePosition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingProperty ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :DoorMat :guid "c0fd45c2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "doormat2n", "welcome mat1n" ; :wordnet "doormat", "welcome mat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small rug placed near a doorway, usually to prevent tracking of dirt and mud into the room. Rug or Mat?? use both here as parents. It could be either, and functionally is both. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'doormat' in WordNet: 2. doormat, welcome mat - (a mat placed outside an exterior door for wiping the shoes before entering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mat, :Rug, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExteriorDoor ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyInFrontOf ] . :DoorOrWindow :en "door or window" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DoorOrWindow'' is a ''PortalCovering'' that is a ''Door'' or a ''Window'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortalCovering . :DoorSill :wnsense "doorsill1n", "doorstep1n", "threshold4n" ; :wordnet "doorsill", "doorstep", "threshold" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DoorSill'' is the ''Sill'' at the bottom of a doorway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doorsill' in WordNet: 1. doorsill, doorstep, threshold - (the sill of a door; a horizontal piece of wood or stone that forms the bottom of a doorway and offers support when passing through a doorway) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doorway ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :DoorStep :guid "c0fd5831-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A step found right before a doorway. Note: perhaps this should be a Flight of stairs - more common usage?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doorway ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Doorbell :guid "bd588e71-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bell2n", "buzzer1n", "doorbell1n" ; :wordnet "bell", "buzzer", "doorbell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Doorbell'' is a ''ControlButton'' (operated by pushing it) located on the outside door frame of a building, that activates a ringing or buzzing sound to alert the occupant(s) that someone is at the door. CYC: The device found by outside doors which ring inside the building to indicate that someone is at the door. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doorbell' in WordNet: 1. (1) doorbell, bell, buzzer - (a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlButton, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :ExteriorDoor ] . :Doorway :guid "bd58f914-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "door", "doorway" ; :wnsense "door2n", "doorway1n", "threshold3n" ; :wordnet "door", "doorway", "threshold" ; a :PhysicalFeatureType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Doorway is a specialization of #$Portal, #$CavityWithWalls, and #$Artifact-NonAgentive. Each instance of #$Doorway is a portal in some instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct (q.v.), suitable for people (and perhaps vehicles) to enter and exit. Each instance of #$Doorway includes the frame, not merely the empty space within the doorway. Instances of #$Doorway include doorways to houses, office buildings, elevators, automobiles, airplanes, and garages. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact consisting of a frame that holds a Door. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doorway and sense 2 of 'door' in WordNet: WN 'door' 2. (36) doorway, door, room access, threshold - (the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close; 'he stuck his head in the doorway') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :Portal, :SpaceInAHOC . :DoorwayCovering :isaSynonymOf :Door ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Cyc term meaning about the same thing as 'Door', which is preferred for its intuitive meaning..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Dormant-NonGrowing :guid "51993ea8-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Plant ; :wnsense "dormant3adj" ; :wordnet "dormant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The CYC 'dormant' is for plants,and in CYC it is a lant that is 'dormant' (e.g. in winter). In COSMO this attribute ''Dormant-NonGrowing'' is an attribute value of a Plant. CYC: 'Dormant': The collection of instances of #$Plant that have completed their flower/fruit producting stages and are no longer active. Positive example: a deciduous tree (one that loses its leaves) in winter. For animals use '''Hibernating'' Corresponds to part (for plants) of adjective sense 3 of 'dormant' in Wordnet: 3. dormant, hibernating, torpid - (in a condition of biological rest or suspended animation; \"dormant buds\"; \"a hibernating bear\"; \"torpid frogs\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Dormant-NotErupting :isAnAttributeValueOf :Volcano ; :wnsense "dormant1adj", "inactive5adj" ; :wordnet "dormant", "inactive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dormant' in Wordnet: 1. dormant, inactive - (of e.g. volcanos; not erupting and not extinct ; 'a dormant volcano') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Dormitory :wnsense "dorm1n", "dormitory1n", "hall4n", "residence hall1n", "student residence1n" ; :wordnet "dorm", "dormitory", "hall", "residence hall", "student residence" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dormitory'' can be at a College or at a private school that is at the high-shool level. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dormitory' in WordNet: 1. (2) dormitory, dorm, residence hall, hall, student residence - (a college or university building containing living quarters for students) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficialResidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Student ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :School ] . :Dorsal :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt :Back ; :pertainsTo :Back ; :wnsense "dorsal1adj" ; :wordnet "dorsal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dorsal' in Wordnet: 1. dorsal - (belonging to or on or near the back or upper surface of an animal or organ or part; 'the dorsal fin is the vertical fin on the back of a fish and certain marine mammals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyLocationAttribute . :Dosage :wnsense "dosage1n", "dose2n" ; :wordnet "dosage", "dose" ; a :PharmacyProductType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dosage'' is a ''DoseOfDrug'' in a quantity of drug recommended by a physician or other drug supplier or provider, as appropriate for a certain condition and time. This may consist of one or more pills to be taken at one time. This is commonly some quantity of pills, or volume of liquid, or weight of a drug. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dosage' in WordNet: 1. (6) dose, dosage - (the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugObject . :DosageForm :guid "c10ae97e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DosageFormType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc, where there was no taxonomic distinction between substances and objects, this metatype was used to label both substances (in some particular form) and objects. In COSMO, this is also neutral with respect to object or substance, and is used as a parent class for certain substances having particular forms. These categories can serve as ?X in the phrase 'given as an ?X' in pharmacy descriptions. Cyc comment: Drug products organized according to their form when they are given as doses.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugProduct ; owl:onProperty :isaShapedFormOfSubstance ] . :DosageFormType :guid "c10ae97e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drug products organized according to their form when they are given as doses.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :DoseOfDrug :guid "bd64a2cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dose1n" ; :wordnet "dose" ; a :PharmacyProductType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhysicalObject'' consisting of some quantity of a DrugSubstance (which may include fillers that are not active agents), which may be in solid or liquid form. If liquid, it may taken orally or injected or inhaled, or as an enema, and if solid it may be taken as a tablet, capsule, powder, subdermal implant, or any other means of getting the drug into the body. CYC: instances are the stuff injected, inhaled, swallowed, etc. in typical administrations of a drug. In the case of pills it corresponds to a single pill. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dose' in WordNet: 1. (4) dose - (a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugObject . :Dot :ldoce "dot" ; :wnsense "dot1n", "point9n" ; :wordnet "dot", "point" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dot'' is a ''Mark'' on some surface that is a representation of a ''Dot-Abstract'', i.e. small, filled-in circle. This is usually an ''ArtifactObject'' but can be created naturally (e.g. by spraying of some liquid).. Corresponds to (the physical interpretation of) noun sense 1 of 'dot' and sense 9 of 'point' in WordNet: 1. (14) point, dot - (a very small circular shape; 'a row of points'; 'draw lines between the dots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Circle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dot-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dot-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Dot-Abstract :ldoce "dot" ; :wnsense "dot1n", "point9n" ; :wordnet "dot", "point" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small, filled-in circle. Corresponds to (he abstract interpretation of) noun sense 1 of 'dot' and sense 9 of 'point' in WordNet: 1. (14) point, dot - (a very small circular shape; 'a row of points'; 'draw lines between the dots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Circle . :Dots :en "freckles" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of ''Dot''s on some surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Dot ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OuterPhysicalSurface ] . :Dotted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Dots ; :isTheOppositeOf :SolidColored ; :wnsense "dotted1adj" ; :wordnet "dotted" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of a surface area (often a piece of clothing) that has multiple ''Dots''. This implies a more regular pattern of ''Spot''s than just being ''Spotted'', and usually imples that the whole surface referred to has such ''Spot''s.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dotted' in WordNet: 1. (2) dotted, flecked, specked, speckled, stippled - (having a pattern of dots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spotted . :DottedLine :wnsense "dotted line1n" ; :wordnet "dotted line" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DottedLine'' is a ''LineOnaSurface'' that is formed by closely spaced dots. It may be straight or curved. The sense of 'dotted' is as in WN 2 adj: 2. (1) dashed, dotted - (having gaps or spaces; 'sign on the dotted line') For the 'dotted' meaning an area filled with dots, use adjective ''Dotted''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'dotted line' in Wordnet: 1. dotted line - (a line made up of dots or dashes; often used to indicate where you are supposed to sign a contract; 'just sign on the dotted line') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LineOnaSurface, :Mark . :DottingaLetter :ldoce "dot" ; :wnsense "dot4v" ; :wordnet "dot" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DottingaLetter' is to put a dot above or below some letter (usually small i or j in English, but also over or under or within various characters in phonetic alphabets or other orthographies or languages) in the process of WritingByHand. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'dot' in WordNet: 4. dot - (mark with a dot; 'dot your i's') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingSomethingToSurface, :MarkingOnASurface, :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :WritingByHand ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dot ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :DoubeHeader :wnsense "doubleheader1n", "twin bill1n" ; :wordnet "doubleheader", "twin bill" ; a :GameType, :GroupType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is only for Baseball games. Two games played by the same two ''BaseballTeam''s within a single calendar ''Day''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'double header' in WordNet: 1. (1) twin bill, doubleheader, double feature - (two games instead of one (especially in baseball when the same two teams play two games on the same day)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Day ; owl:onProperty :occurredWithinTimeInterval ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :BaseballTeam ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Double :hasNumericalValue "2"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "double" ; :wnsense "double1adj", "double2adj", "dual1adj", "dual2adj", "duple1adj", "two-fold1adj", "two-fold2adj", "twofold1adj", "twofold2adj" ; :wordnet "double", "dual", "duple", "two-fold", "twofold" ; a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """A 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' that is also a LogicalFunction; this returns an instance of two entities of the type of the the argument, possibly connected to form a unit: 'a double shot of whiskey'; 'a word with a double meaning'. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'double' in WordNet: 1. (5) double, dual, twofold, two-fold, treble, threefold, three-fold - - (having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities; 'a double (or dual) role for an actor'; 'the office of a clergyman is twofold; public preaching and private influence'- R.W.Emerson; 'every episode has its double and treble meaning'-Frederick Harrison) 2. (5) double, dual, duple - - (consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs; 'an egg with a double yolk'; 'a double (binary) star'; 'double doors'; 'dual controls for pilot and copilot'; 'duple (or double) time consists of two (or a multiple of two) beats to a measure') """ . :DoubleBed :wnsense "double bed1n" ; :wordnet "double bed" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DoubleBed'' is a ''Bed'' with a width sufficient to support two ''Person''s comfortably while sleeping Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'double bed' in WordNet: 1. double bed - (a bed wide enough to accommodate two sleepers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoupleOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoupleOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :DoubleReedWoodwindInstrument :guid "bf65cdc3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "double reed1n", "double-reed instrument1n" ; :wordnet "double reed", "double-reed instrument" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all double-reed #$WoodwindInstruments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'double-reed instrument' in WordNet: 1. double-reed instrument, double reed - (a woodwind that has a pair of joined reeds that vibrate together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReedWoodwindInstrument . :Doublet :guid "bf1df107-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "doublet1n" ; :wordnet "doublet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Jackets primarily worn in Western cultures beginning in the 15th century and ending in the 18th century. Typically doublets had a close fitting waist with a skirt-like section below, and were fastened in the front by buttons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doublet' in WordNet: 1. doublet - (a man's close-fitting jacket; worn during the Renaissance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Jacket, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OldFashioned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DoublingEvent :ldoce "double" ; :wnsense "double1v" ; :wordnet "double" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DoublingEvent' is an Event in which something increases twofold in number, size or mass, whether by internal causes or externally caused. This should be subdivided into transitive Actions and the intransitive increase itself. NOTE: if this is an increase in number, it is also a subtype of 'Multiplying' - perhaps that should be a subtype of this? Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'double' in WordNet (but doesn't include 'duplicate'), and includes noun sense 5 of 'double' (in any form of betting): in WordNet: WN noun 'double': 1. (18) double, duplicate - (increase twofold; 'The population doubled within 50 years') WN verb 'double' : 5. doubling, double - (raising the stakes in a card game by a factor of 2; 'I decided his double was a bluff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent . :Doubt :guid "bd58e1f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "doubt" ; :wnsense "doubt1n", "doubt2n", "dubiety1n", "dubiousness1n", "dubiousness2n", "incertitude1n", "uncertainty2n" ; :wordnet "doubt", "dubiety", "dubiousness", "incertitude", "uncertainty" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling experienced by an IntelligentAgent in which the agent considers some Proposition to be improbable (unlikely). This might be represented as a Proposition or Belief, rather than a Feeling, but the dictionaries call it 'a feeling of uncertainty about the truth'. This 'doubt' is a Feeling, often but not necessarily caused by any evaluation; for a more thoughtful 'doubting' that includes some elements of reasoning, use 'Doubting'. The 'UnlikelyThing' referenced is impossible in the opinion of the doubter, in some context. A more intense feeling of ''Doubt'' is the subtype ''Disbelief''. This is the *''Feeling''* or attitude of a person evaluating an assertion. For the credibility attribute of an assertion itself being doubtful or dubious, use ''Doubtful''. Cyc: Feeling of unsureness; lack of certitude or conviction about someone or about the result of something. Skepticism. Carries no evil suspicion, as Mistrust does Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'doubt' in WordNet: 1. (26) doubt, uncertainty, incertitude, dubiety, doubtfulness, dubiousness - (the state of being unsure of something) 2. (4) doubt, dubiousness, doubtfulness, question - (uncertainty about the truth or factuality of existence of something; 'the dubiousness of his claim'; 'there is no question about the validity of the enterprise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uncertainty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incredulous ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnlikelyThing ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Doubter :wnsense "agnostic1n", "doubter2n" ; :wordnet "agnostic", "doubter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Doubter'' is someone who 'doubts' or disbelieves some ''Assertion''(s). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'doubter' in WordNet: 2. agnostic, doubter - (someone who is doubtful or noncommittal about something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doubting ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Doubtful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion ; :wnsense "confutable1adj", "doubtful1adj", "dubious2adj", "dubitable1adj", "in question2adj", "questionable1adj", "questionable2adj", "refutable1adj" ; :wordnet "confutable", "doubtful", "dubious", "dubitable", "in question", "questionable", "refutable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Doubtful is a level of credibility that applies to an assertion that is contradicted by either direct evidence or common experience ('common sense') or doubt about the one making the assertion. Use of this attribute suggests that the likelihood of the assertion being true is less than 0.5 For 'doubt' 'dubiousness' or 'dubiety' to express a feeling or attitude of a person unconvinced of the truth of a assertion use ''Doubt''. Corresponds to sense 1 of adjective 'doubtful' and part of adj senses 1 and 2 of 'questionable' in WordNet: WN 'doubtful' 1. (10) doubtful, dubious, dubitable, in question - (open to doubt or suspicion; 'the candidate's doubtful past'; 'he has a dubious record indeed'; 'what one found uncertain the other found dubious or downright false'; 'it was more than dubitable whether the friend was as influential as she thought'- Karen Horney) WN 'doubtful' is not directly related to the adjective: WN adjective 'questionable': 1. (2) questionable - (subject to question; 'questionable motives'; 'a questionable reputation'; 'a fire of questionable origin') 2. questionable, refutable, confutable, confutative - (able to be refuted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TruthValue, :Uncertain, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :Doubting :en "doubting" ; :ldoce "doubt" ; :wnsense "doubt1v" ; :wordnet "doubt" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Doubting' is a mental Event in which an IntelligentAgent comes to believe that some proposition is improbable. The necessary components of each instance of Doubting are an individual 'IntentionalAgent' and a Proposition that the Agent doubts. Each ''Doubting'' occurs as a result of some Event which is a Judging or an Evaluating. NOTE: this is close to but not identical with the Feeling of ''Doubt', which is part of a ''Doubting'' Process. This is somewhat vague but the effort here is to represent ''Doubting'' as including some element of judgmental thinking, not a pure ''Feeling''. Unlike 'Doubt', this is not a Feeling, but an action involving reasoning. The Feeling represented by ''Doubt'' is a component subEvent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'doubt' in WordNet: 1. (17) doubt - (consider unlikely or have doubts about; 'I doubt that she will accept his proposal of marriage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, :Thinking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doubt ; owl:onProperty :containedExperience ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doubt ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Evaluating :Judging ) ] ] . :Dough :canBeConvertedInto :Bread ; :guid "bd588875-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dough1n" ; :wordnet "dough" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Gooey precursor to baked goods. SUMO: A Mixture of Flour, Water, etc. which is used in making BreadOrBiscuits. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dough' in Wordnet: 1. (5) dough - (a flour mixture stiff enough to knead or roll) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paste, :RawFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flour ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Semirigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Doughnut :guid "c1008b5e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "donut1adj", "doughnut2adj" ; :wordnet "donut", "doughnut" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A fried cake, having a Toroidal shape (i.e. donut-shaped). often it has a glazed or icing or sprinkled covering. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cake, :SweetTastingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toroidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Dove :guid "bd58d741-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dove1n" ; :wordnet "dove" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of pigeon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dove' in WordNet: 1. (2) dove - (any of numerous small pigeons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pigeon . :Down :ldoce "down" ; :wnsense "down1adj", "down1adv" ; :wordnet "down" ; a :DirectionMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An attribute the specifies orientation or motion downward relative to a gravitational field (toward the gravitating body, usually the Earth). It can also reference static direction for a TopAndBottomSidedObject. Motion downward can also be specified by using the QualitativeAttribute value 'Downward'. The different usages hae not yet (v981) been distinguished. Includes parts of adjective sense 1 and adverb sense 1 of 'down' in WordNet, being specifically for directions in a gravitational field, and not metaphorically indicating higher values for some measure: in WordNet: WN adjective 'down': 1. (9) down - (being or moving lower in position or less in some value; 'lay face down'; 'the moon is down'; 'our team is down by a run'; 'down by a pawn'; 'the stock market is down today') WN adverb 'down': 1. (98) down, downwards, downward, downwardly - (spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position; 'don't fall down'; 'rode the lift up and skied down'; 'prices plunged downward') """ . :DownFeathers :ldoce "down" ; :wnsense "down feather1n", "down1n" ; :wordnet "down", "down feather" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DownFeathers' is a substance consisting of many small soft feathers from some bird(s). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'down' in WordNet: 1. (1) down, down feather - (soft fine feathers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Feather ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fluffy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DownHill :wnsense "downhill2adj" ; :wordnet "downhill" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DownHill'' is a subattribute of ''Downward' characterizing slopes to Motions that point or move toward the bottom of a Slope. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'downill' in Wordnet: 2. downhill - (toward the bottom of a hill; 'running downhill, he gained a lot of speed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Downward . :DownTime :en "down time" ; :wnsense "downtime1n" ; :wordnet "downtime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'The ''DownTime'' is the ''Meantime'' between when something (device,Person) has paused working and when it starts working again Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'downtime' in WordNet: 1. downtime - (a period of time when something (as a machine or factory) is not operating (especially as a result of malfunctions)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meantime, :MeasurableTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTimeOfEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :DysfunctionalCondition ] . :Downloading :eng "downloading" ; :wnsense "download1v" ; :wordnet "download" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Downloading'' is an ''IBTCopying'' in which a copy of a ''ComputerFile'' is transferred (without deleting the original) from a ''ComputerServer'' to a local computer (of any kind, including smart phones). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'download' in WordNet: 1. download - (transfer a file or program from a central computer to a smaller computer or to a computer at a remote location) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBTCopying, :TransferringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerFile ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copy ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerServer ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalComputer ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerFile ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Downside :wnsense "downside1n" ; :wordnet "downside" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Downside'' is an ''AspectOfaProblem'' that is an ''Undesirable'' ''PossibleEffect'' - i.e., a 'negative side effect'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'downside' in WordNet: 1. downside - (a negative aspect of something that is generally positive; 'there is a downside even to motherhood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AspectOfaProblem, :PossibleEffect, :SideEffect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undesirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Downsizing :en "downsize" ; :env "downsize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Downsizing''is a 'Reduction' in which some Intentionalgent (Person or Organization) acts to reduce the 'size' (of any kind) of something it controls. This is very general, and can be for reducing the size (volume) of some product object(s) produced by a business, or reducing the space of one's living or working quarters, (usually by physically moving the location of residence or business), or reducing the number of Objects that are in some location, or the number of types of products ('downsize the product line'). OTher types of ''Reduction'' might be included here if the orespecific grammatical object requirement for some PhysicalObject or ObjectGroup can be applied and no more specific Reduction applies. No WN sense: RHW 'downsize' (vt): 1. to design or manufacture a smaller version or type of: The automotive industry downsized its cars for improved fuel economy. 2. to reduce in number; cut back. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :ObjectGroup :PhysicalObjectType :GroupType ) ] ] . :Downstairs :wnsense "downstairs1adj" ; :wordnet "downstairs" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Downstairs'' is the attribute of some thing (object, location) that is, from the perspective of the speaker or some other reference object or location, located in a room that is on a lower level, within some multistory structure. in WordNet: 1. downstairs, downstair - (on or of lower floors of a building; 'the downstairs (or downstair) phone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionalAttributeValue, :OrientationMeasure . :Downstream :isAnAttributeValueOf :Motion, :Place ; :isTheOppositeOf :Upstream ; :wnsense "downstream1adj" ; :wordnet "downstream" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'downstream' in Wordnet: 1. downstream - (in the direction of a stream's current) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionalAttributeValue, :OrientationMeasure . :Downstreamly :isAnAttributeValueOf :Motion, :Place ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Downstream ; :wnsense "downriver1adv", "downstream1adv" ; :wordnet "downriver", "downstream" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The term ''Downstreamly'' is an AdverbialModifier is created to avoid duplicating the adjective ''Downstream''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'downstream' in Wordnet: 1. (1) downriver, downstream - (away from the source or with the current) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Downtown :guid "c0f48030-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "downtown1n" ; :wordnet "downtown" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances of #$Downtown are the centers, most densely urbanized areas, or central business districts of a city or town. In large cities downtown's tend to have large buildings and even skyscrapers. In the downtowns of small towns, there are fewer and smaller buildings. SUMO: The commercial center of a City. The part of the City that contains more shops and offices than any other part. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'downtown' in Wordnet: 1. (11) business district, downtown - (the commercial center of a town or city) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityArea . :Downturn :wnsense "downswing2n", "downturn1n" ; :wordnet "downswing", "downturn" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Downturn'' is a ''WorseningEvent''in which some quantitatively measurable property of something decreases in magnitude. This is used often for decreases in 'economic indicators' such as GDP, stock indexes, employment, or average income. Being a ''WorseningEvent'' this should not be used for measures of 'negative' properties, such as 'unemployment', for which a decrease would be an improvement rather than a worsening; in that case the parent ''DecreaseEvent'' would be appropriate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'downturn' in WordNet: 1. downturn, downswing - (a worsening of business or economic activity; \"the market took a downturn\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decline, :WorseningEvent . :Downward :ldoce "down" ; :wnsense "down4adj", "downward2adj" ; :wordnet "down", "downward" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Downward' is measure of direction of movement that specifies a direction pointing from an altitude at some time to a lower altitude ata later time. The exact vector of the movement is not defined by use of this measure, and may or may not be restricted by the context of the assertion. See also the instance of 'DirectionMeasure' 'Down'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'downward' and sense 4 of 'down' in WordNet: 2. down, downward - (extending or moving from a higher to a lower place; 'the down staircase'; 'the downward course of the stream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionMeasure, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Dowsing :wnsense "dowse1n", "dowse2v", "dowsing1n", "rhabdomancy1n" ; :wordnet "dowse", "dowsing", "rhabdomancy" ; a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dowsing'' is an ''ExplorationSearch'' in which a 'dowser' uses a 'divining rod' to look for water or other undergrond (hidden) resources. The teory that the divining rod is moved downward by some unknown force is widely considered mythical (though not among dowsers). But when the dowser has a greater than statistical chance of success, the possibility exists that the dowswer is using non-obvious clues to find the target, whether consciously or unconsciously. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dowse' in WordNet: 2. dowse - (use a divining rod in search of underground water or metal) WN noun 'dowsing': 1. dowse, dowsing, rhabdomancy - (searching for underground water or minerals by using a dowsing rod) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplorationSearch, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ] . :Dozing :wnsense "doze1n", "doze1v", "snooze1v" ; :wordnet "doze", "snooze" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dozing'' is unintentionally taking a ''Nap'' that lasts a short time, usually while doing something sitting down, and usually not falling deep asleep. NOTE\" 'dowse' does not occur in RHW in this sense - ergo, omitted. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'doze' in WordNet: 1. (4) snooze, drowse, doze - (sleep lightly or for a short period of time) WN noun 'doze': 1. doze, drowse - (a light fitful sleep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unplanned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortDuration ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DraftAnimal :wnsense "draft animal1n" ; :wordnet "draft animal" ; a :BeastType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of DomesticatedAnimal. Each instance of DraftAnimal is a relatively large animal, usually (always?) a mammal, that has been domesticated to supply power for any of various tasks. Individual animals that are used solely to carry things (e.g. race horses) are not instances of this class, though some horses may be used as draft animals. No species can be a subtype of this Type, since not all members of any species will be used to supply power. Examples are mules, horses or oxen used to pull a plough, or a horse used to pull a buggy. An animal used to supply power to turn the wheel of a mill would also be an example. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'draft animal' in WordNet: 1. draft animal - (an animal used for pulling heavy loads) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalRole, :DomesticatedAnimal . :DraftAnimalDriver :wnsense "driver2n" ; :wordnet "driver" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DraftAnimalDriver'' is not a 'drover' - it is the driver of an ''AnimalPoweredDevice'' - animal-pulled wagon or carriage or cart. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'driver' in WordNet: 2. driver - (someone who drives animals that pull a vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Driver-TransportationProfessional . :DraftDocument-Abstract :wnsense "draft5n" ; :wordnet "draft" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DraftDocument-Abstract' is a preliminary AbstractDocument (a mental object) that is only one of potentially many versions of some AbstractDocumnent, which may or may not be changed before it is accepted as the final version. A 'DraftDocument-Abstract' may be identical to the final version, therefore, as the abstract content, cannot be disjoint with a tye representing a 'final version'. @ToDo: the notion of 'preliminary' is not yet (r959) represented in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'draft' in WordNet: 5. draft, draft copy - (preliminary version of a written work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument . :Drafting :wnsense "drafting2n", "mechanical drawing2n" ; :wordnet "drafting", "mechanical drawing" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Drafting'' is a ''SkilledTrade'' that involves making precise diagrams of Objects, small or large, that are to be manufactured. Includes but is broader than (not just blueprints) noun sense 1 of 'drafting' in WordNet: 2. (1) drafting, mechanical drawing - (the craft of drawing blueprints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkilledTrade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaMechanicalDrawing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Drag :wnsense "drag1n", "retarding force1n" ; :wordnet "drag", "retarding force" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Drag'' is the ''Resistance'' experienced by a SolidObject moving through a Fluid (liquid or gas) due to forces exerted on the surface of the solid object by the fluid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drag' in WordNet: 1. (1) drag, retarding force - (the phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalResistance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfObjects ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :Dragging :en "dragging" ; :ldoce "drag" ; :wnsense "drag1n" ; :wordnet "drag" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dragging is an Action in which an Agent (or some device the Agent controls) causes a PhysicalObject to move across the local ground surface (which can be a floor), even though the object dragged has no wheels or casters (if so, it would be a pulling action), and resists being dragged because of friction caused by the force of gravity on the object being dragged. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of verb 'drag' in WordNet, but this type does not include the metaphorical sense. 1. (16) drag - (pull, as against a resistance; 'He dragged the big suitcase behind him'; 'These worries were dragging at him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething, :Motion-SolidAgainstSolid, :PullingEvent . :Dragon :guid "c0fcf24e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dragon1n" ; :wordnet "dragon" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dragons - fictional monsters. This collection should only have instances in #$FictionalContexts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dragon' in WordNet: 1. (6) dragon, firedrake - (a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reptile ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ] . :Dragonfly :guid "bd58cffc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "darning needle2n", "devil's darning needle2n", "dragonfly1n", "mosquito hawk1n", "sewing needle2n", "skeeter hawk1n", "snake doctor1n", "snake feeder1n" ; :wordnet "darning needle", "devil's darning needle", "dragonfly", "mosquito hawk", "sewing needle", "skeeter hawk", "snake doctor", "snake feeder" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dragonfly' in WordNet: 1. dragonfly, darning needle, devil's darning needle, sewing needle, snake feeder, snake doctor, mosquito hawk, skeeter hawk - (slender-bodied non-stinging insect having iridescent wings that are outspread at rest; adults and nymphs feed on mosquitoes etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect . :Drain :en "drain" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Drain'' is a ''FluidConduit'' that serves to allow unwanted water (waste water or overflow or rainwater) to move away from a structure or other object where it may be harmful. This may be a Pipe or a surface channel or other type of channel. RHW 'drain': 7. something, as a pipe or conduit, by which a liquid drains. No similar WN sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidConduit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :DrainPipe :wnsense "drain3n", "drainpipe1n", "waste pipe1n" ; :wordnet "drain", "drainpipe", "waste pipe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pipe'' that may be located in or outside of a ''Structure'' that drains water with or without other accompanying materials ('wastewater'?) out of the building or to a container for processing or removal. The distinction between external DrainPipes (for rainwater) and pipes for draining indoor liquid waste should be added when needed. NOTE that the conduit that drains sewage underground to a processing plant or outlet is termed a ''Sewer''. Thus a ''DrainPipe'' may carry waste water to a ''Sewer'. (Can the downspout from a ''Gutter'' be considered a ''DrainPipe? Not in this categorization.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drainpipe' in Wordnet: 1. drain, drainpipe, waste pipe - (a pipe through which liquid is carried away) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Channel, :Pipe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Structure ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sewage ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sewage ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCarry ] . :Drainage :en "drainage" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Drainage'' is a Group of ''Drain''s that serve to allow unwanted water (waste water or overflow of rainwater) to move away from a structure or area or any object or location where it may be harmful. RHW 'drainage': 2 a system of drains, artificial or natural. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidConduit, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drain ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :DrainageBasin :en "watershed" ; :enn "watershed" ; :wnsense "catchment area1n", "catchment basin1n", "drainage area1n", "drainage basin1n" ; :wordnet "catchment area", "catchment basin", "drainage area", "drainage basin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DrainageBasin' is a ''GeographicalArea'' (a PhysicalObject) containing the land areas that drain their water into some ''Stream'' or one of its tributaries. NOTE: also called a 'watershed'': RHW 'watershed': 2. the region or area drained by a river, stream, etc.; drainage area. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drainage basin' in WordNet: 1. catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, drainage basin - (the geographical area draining into a river or reservoir) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlledLand, :GeographicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StreamSystem ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :DramaScript :wnsense "drama1n" ; :wordnet "drama" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is an abstract conceptual work, not the physical document which is represented as ''DramaScript-Physical''. Each instance of subtype ''PlayScript'' is a Specification for how actors are to behave while executing the actions and dialogue. that are intended for performance as live theater plays, though it may be adapted for movies. A ''DramaticComposition'' that is specifically written as the lines and drections for actors in a Movie is represented as the subtype ''Screenplay''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'play' in WordNet: 1. (32) play, drama, dramatic play - (a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage; 'he wrote several plays but only one was produced on Broadway') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaticComposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Play :MoviePerformance ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayScript-Physical ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :DramaScript-Physical :wnsense "book7n", "playscript1n", "script1n" ; :wordnet "book", "playscript", "script" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DramaScript-Physical'' is a *written* physical representation of a abstract conceptual ''DramaScript'', part or all of which is gven to the actors to learn their lines and moves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playscript' in WordNet: 1. script, book, playscript - (a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DramaticPerformance ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DramaScript ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :Dramatic :pertainsTo :DramaticActing, :DramaticPerformance ; :wnsense "dramatic1adj", "dramatic3adj" ; :wordnet "dramatic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dramatic'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any ''DramaticPerformance'' or some closely related or associated aspects. Includes adjective senses 3 and part of sense 1 of 'dramatic' in WordNet: 1. (13) dramatic - (suitable to or characteristic of drama; 'a dramatic entrance in a swirling cape'; 'a dramatic rescue at sea') 3. dramatic - (pertaining to or characteristic of drama; 'dramatic arts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :DramaticActing :guid "c04009bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "act", "play" ; :wnsense "act3v", "acting1n", "performing1n", "play4v", "playacting1n", "playing3n" ; :wordnet "act", "acting", "performing", "play", "playacting", "playing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which some ActorActress plays a Role in some ''DramaticPerformance''. COSMO note: this type may be used in connection with the relation 'playsTheRoleOf'. Cyc: This is the collection of events in which a person portrays someone or something other than himself as part of a dramatic performance - either for film or television, or in a live theater production. It is thus distinguished from #$Masquerading, which is also a spec of #$Acting. - - Huffer, Dec 2, 1998. SUMO: Playing a character in a Performance, MotionPicture, etc. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'act' and sense 4 of 'play' in WordNet: 3. (7) act, play, represent - (play a role or part; 'Gielgud played Hamlet'; 'She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role'; 'She played the servant to her husband's master') WN noun 'acting': 1. (5) acting, playing, playacting, performing - (the performance of a part or role in a drama) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acting, :PerformingArtActivity, :RoleSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dramatic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActorActress ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DramaticPerformance ] . :DramaticComposition :guid "bd5888ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dramatic composition1n", "dramatic work1n" ; :wordnet "dramatic composition", "dramatic work" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DramaticComposition''' is an *abstract* conceptual work, not the physical document, which is represented by ''DramaScript'' (for live performances or movies). Each DramaticComposition is a Specification for how actors are to behave while executing the actions and dialogue. This includes live theater plays and movie scripts as well as any other scripted performance. NOTE: Specific Drama specifications will be represented as instances of this type. If there is more than one version of a specific 'DramaticComposition' referred to by the same name, then each version is a different instance of 'ScriptForaDrama'; they would have to be related to each other by creating a generic version of that acript, which would be a subtype of this type. Cyc: A narrative structured around scenes, actors speaking parts, direction, scene descriptions etc. Something actors memorize and use while rehearsing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dramatic composition' in WordNet: 1. dramatic composition, dramatic work - (a play for performance on the stage or television or in a movie etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiteraryWork, :ProgramForPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DramaticPerformance ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScriptDialogue ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ] . :DramaticEvent :wnsense "drama2n", "dramatic event1n" ; :wordnet "drama", "dramatic event" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event that causes Emotion in some person. Not related directly to 'drama' as in a Play. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'drama' in WordNet: 2. (7) drama, dramatic event - (an episode that is turbulent or highly emotional) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Episode, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmotionalState ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DramaticPerformance :guid "c10b6f70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dramatic performance1n", "dramatic production1n" ; :wordnet "dramatic performance", "dramatic production" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DramaticPerformance' is any execution of a script of a drama (including comedies and other genres) that includes live plays (and musicals) and the acting that is recorded in movies. This is for live Actions. An execution (playing from any medium) of a recorded Movie itself would be a different type. This is broader than either the Cyc or SUMO category. For live plays, use 'Play'. Does not include *exlusively* musical performances or singing without an 'acting' (pretending to be someone else) but does include acting and possibly singing in a musical drama (including comedy). NOTE that this is a subtype of ''ShowingSomething'' and a significant part of a ''DramaticPerformance'' must be the visual scenes created, not just sounds, as in a ''MusicalPerformance''. Cyc: #$DramaticPerformance is the collection of instances of #$EntertainmentPerformance such that (#$PerformingFn #$DramaticPerformance) returns a collection of instances of #$DramaticActing - these may be subevents of instances of #$DancePerformance, Play-Dramatic, #$Play-Musical-CW or #$OperaPerformance, as in #$DramaticActing-Live, or they may be instances of #$DramaticActingForFilm.-Huffer, Dec. 2, 1998. SUMO: A Performance that consists exclusively of DramaticActing, e.g. a live performance of Death_of_a_Salesman in front of an audience. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dramatic performance' in WordNet: 1. dramatic production, dramatic performance - (the act of performing a drama; 'the group joined together in a dramatic production') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentPerformance, :ShowingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DramaScript ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dramatic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Theatrical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DramaticRole :ldoce "role" ; :wnsense "character4n", "part8n", "persona1n", "role2n", "theatrical role1n" ; :wordnet "character", "part", "persona", "role", "theatrical role" ; a :ActionType, :PretendingRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DramaticRole'' is both a ''PretendingRole'' and an Action, that is a part of some ''DramaticPerformance''and this can be used to represent the Person or Thing that an ActorActress plays, and optionally can specify the time and place of the performance. Subtypes of 'DramaticRole' will be roles (usually of people, but possibly of animals or inanimate objects, such as a talking candelabra) that are specified in a play or script ('PlayScript'), to be acted out. Each instance of 'DramaticRole' must specify the 'PlayScript' in which it appears. Note that each instance of a 'DramaticRole' is an individual, not a type; but this is an Execution of a Role, and there there may be multiple instances when the Role is executed, as many as performances of a Play, or different Movies shot from the same scripts. This stype is structured so that one may represent as little detail as the Script and the name of the Role, or as much as the Name of the Role, the Script, the Place where it is performed (e.g. a theater or Movie srudio or outdoor set), and the DateTme when that performance ocurred. Therefore one may represent a minimal unique one role of 'Hamlet' in Shakespeare's play 'Hamlet' - see 'HamletinHamlet', that leasves out the other details, and merel asserts that some ActorActress played that DramaticRole at some place sometime. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'role' in WordNet: 2. (10) character, role, theatrical role, part, persona - (an actor's portrayal of someone in a play; 'she played the part of Desdemona') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PretendingRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaDramaticRoleOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlayScript ] . :Dramatically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Spectacular ; :wnsense "dramatically1adv" ; :wordnet "dramatically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dramatically'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues (especially participles) to indicate that the **Action** characterized was performed in a ''Spectacular'' manner - unusual and riveting the attention. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'dramatically' in Wordnet: 1. (4) dramatically - (in a very impressive manner; 'your performance will improve dramatically') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :DraperyHook :en "drapery hook" ; :enn "drapery hook" ; :guid "c0fd5400-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sort of hook which is used to hang curtains/drapes by sticking into the fabric and hooking over a curtain rod.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hook, :ManufacturedGoods, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curtain ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :Drastic :isMoreIntenseThan :Intense ; :wnsense "drastic1adj" ; :wordnet "drastic" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'drastic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) drastic - (forceful and extreme and rigorous; 'drastic measures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extreme, :Forceful, :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Rigorous . :Drastically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Drastic ; :wnsense "drastically1adv" ; :wordnet "drastically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'drastically' in Wordnet: 1. (3) drastically - (in a drastic manner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Draw :wnsense "draw3n", "standoff1n", "tie3n" ; :wordnet "draw", "standoff", "tie" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Draw' is a 'TieScore' that is also a 'FinalScore'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tie' and sense 3 of 'draw' in WordNet, in WordNet: 3. (3) draw, standoff, tie - (the finish of a contest in which the score is tied and the winner is undecided; 'the game ended in a draw'; 'their record was 3 wins, 6 losses and a tie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinalScore, :TieScore ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:FinalScore :TieScore ) ] . :Drawback :wnsense "drawback1n" ; :wordnet "drawback" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Drawback'' is a ''Hindrance'' to a ''PurposefulAction'' that would be part of the execution of some ''Proposal''. This will typically be some future Event that is implied in the ''Proposal''. NOTE: this does not follow the WN hierarchy, in being a ''Hindrance'' rather than the Quality (a ''PersistentState''') of being a Hindrance. A ''Hindrance'' s a vague thing of any type, as long as it hinders something. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drawback' in WordNet: 1. drawback - (the quality of being a hindrance; 'he pointed out all the drawbacks to my plan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hindrance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undesirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proposal ; owl:onProperty :hasRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DesiredFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Drawer :guid "bd58d5e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "drawer" ; :wnsense "drawer1n" ; :wordnet "drawer" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of drawers, each a part of some piece of furniture. A 'drawer' could be almost anywhere - part of a built-in building structure, or part of a movable piece of furniture. It typically has a knob or handle or 'pull' of some kind that enables pulling it out. Coresponds to sense 1 of noun 'drawer' in WordNet: 1. (5) drawer - (a boxlike container in a piece of furniture; made so as to slide in and out) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComponentPartOfArtifact, :FurniturePart, :OpenTopContainer, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Box ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SlidingInAndOutOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pull ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ] . :Drawing-Depicting :guid "bd589d24-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "draw" ; :wnsense "depict3v", "draw6v", "drawing3n", "portray2v" ; :wordnet "depict", "draw", "drawing", "portray" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes all forms of creating a hand-rendered (or rendered by any manual method other than capturing an image (by any process using electromagnetic radiation), whether in an electronic meium or on paper), including sketching, etching, painting, working with pastels (chalk) or other techniques. It does not include creating images on a computer, nor modifying computerized images, as it is intended to represent the activity of creating images by applying material to a surface. NOTE that the image created will not necessarily be an instance of 'Drawing-Depiction', but of its parent type 'Hand-RenderedImage', because 'Drawing-Depiction' necessarily has prominent lines in it, and this type 'Drawing-Depicting' includes creation of paintings and other images in which lines are not necessarily prominent. For creating an image by hand using a computer, use 'CreatingAComputerImage'. The SUMO 'drawing' is more restrictive, and this COSMO type is broader: Any 'ContentDevelopment' that results in a 'Sketch'. Cyc: The making of designs on a surface using a writing implement. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'draw' and sense 3 of 'drawing' in WordNet- this is a transitive sense that requires an object be specified. in WordNet: 6. (7) draw - (represent by making a drawing of, as with a pencil, chalk, etc. on a surface; 'She drew an elephant'; 'Draw me a horse') WN verb 'depict': 3. (2) portray, depict, limn - (make a portrait of; 'Goya wanted to portray his mistress, the Duchess of Alba') WN 'drawing': 3. (2) drawing, draftsmanship, drafting - (the creation of artistic pictures or diagrams; 'he learned drawing from his father') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depicting, :MarkingOnASurface, :VisualArtActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Drawing-Depiction ] . :Drawing-Depiction :guid "c10c376b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "drawing1n", "drawing2n" ; :wordnet "drawing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all drawings. Instances of drawing are #$StillImages which contain significant lines. Some occur on paper and may be made with pencil, ink (see #$PenOrPencilDrawing), etc.. Some occur on computers and are presented via a computer monitor. Some are artistic (see #$ArtObject) and some are not. Thus, a painting composed entirely of lines would be a #$Drawing-Depiction. A drawing produced by a drawing program which was saved in a computer file and was viewable on a computer monitor would also be an example. A painted image composed entirely of paint splotches would probably be a negative example of a #$Drawing-Depiction. Such an image with a tiny line in the corner would also probably be a negative example of a #$Drawing-Depiction since the tiny line would not be a ''significant'' line or a focal object in the image. An image ''drawn'' with paint using a paintbrush is currently (Nov 98) considered an agnostic example. Corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'drawing' in WordNet: 1. (7) drawing - (an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book or magazine; 'it is shown by the drawing in Fig. 7') 2. (5) drawing - (a representation of forms or objects on a surface by means of lines; 'drawings of abstract forms'; 'he did complicated pen-and-ink drawings like medieval miniatures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hand-RenderedImage . :Drawing-RandomSelection :guid "bf58e5d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An element of #$Drawing-RandomSelection is an event in which some agent randomly selects an agent from a pool of agents. A #$Lottery is an example. ''Drawing lots'' to see who has to endure the hardship of taking out the garbage tonight is another example. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChoosingAtRandom, :GameEvent, :SelectingAmong . :DrawingIntoaWire :wnsense "draw32v" ; :wordnet "draw" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DrawingIntoaWire'' is a ''ReducingaLinearDimension'' in which some PhysicalObject already in a rod or near-rod shape is drawn ('extruded') through a hole in a hard object smaller than the diameter of the starting material, producing a flexible wire of smaller diameter. This process may take more than one iteration if the starting rod or wire is too large, as the amount of diameter reduction possible in one pass is limited, and also depends on the ductility of the material. Corresponds to verb sense 32 of 'draw' in WordNet: 32. draw - (reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die; 'draw wire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extruding, :ReducingaLinearDimension, :ShapingMetalWithaDie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThinObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wire ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :DrawingLots :ldoce "draw" ; :wnsense "draw14v" ; :wordnet "draw" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DrawingLots' is a 'ChoosingAtRandom' that involves more than one participant, at least one of whom chooses (by drawing straws, chooses heads or tails in a coin toss, etc.) an unknown one of two or more options, the result being unknown and random. @ToDo: This includes drawing cards in a card game - this may be reconsidered. Most closely represented by verb sense 14 of 'draw' in WordNet: 14. (3) draw, cast - (choose at random; 'draw a card'; 'cast lots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChoosingAtRandom . :DrawnThing :ldoce "draw" ; :wnsense "draw4n" ; :wordnet "draw" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DrawnThing' is something (event, object) chosen in a 'DrawingLots' event. The actual Event of drawing a 'DrawnThing' is represented by 'DrawingLots'. Here, 'draw' means any kind of randomized choice, whethere drawing straws, flipping a coin, or anything else where the result is not (theoreticaly) known to the person choosing. Corrresponds most closely to sense 4 of 'draw' in WOrdNet: 4. draw, lot - (anything (straws or pebbles etc.) taken or chosen at random; 'the luck of the draw'; 'they drew lots for it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Choice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasSelectedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :DrawingLots ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Random ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dreadlock :wnsense "dreadlock1n" ; :wordnet "dreadlock" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dreadlock'' is one ''HairBraid'' that is long and thin, and narrow for a ''Hairbraid'' (narrower than a ''Pigtail''), and usually worn in groups of dozens. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dreadlock' in WordNet: 1. dreadlock - (one of many long thin braids of hair radiating from the scalp; popularized by Rastafarians) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairBraid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrow ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Dreadlocks :en "dreadlocks" ; :ennp "dreadlocks" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dreadlocks'' is the substance ''Hair'' on the Head of a Human formed in set of mutiple thin braids. Corresponds to the plural of noun sense 1 of 'dreadlock' in WordNet: 1. dreadlock - (one of many long thin braids of hair radiating from the scalp; popularized by Rastafarians) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairDo, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairBraid ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :Dreadnought :guid "bd67f5a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dreadnaught1n", "dreadnought1n" ; :wordnet "dreadnaught", "dreadnought" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 20th century battleship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dreadnought' in WordNet: 1. dreadnought, dreadnaught - (battleship that has big guns all of the same caliber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Battleship, :ModernNavalShip . :Dream :guid "bd58cd68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dream" ; :wnsense "dream1v" ; :wordnet "dream" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the abstract representation of a Dreaming, containing a series of images and possibly accompanying sound. The physical Event of a dream is represented by 'Dreaming'. This type provides a means to represent the specific images and sounds that are remembered and described after a Dreaming. Cyc: Dreams - mental fantasy visualizations during sleep. To say 'J dreamed about' one can instantiate this type, and related it to a Topic. This should have the same intended meaning as the WordNet noun 'dream', but in WordNet the closest synset 'dream, dreaming' is defined; so this corresponds only to part of the WN sense 1 of 'dream': in WordNet: 1. (31) dream, dreaming - (a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep; \"I had a dream about you last night\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractVideo, :MentalImagery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Dreaming ] . :DreamComeTrue a :EventType, :FutureSituationType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person's ''DreamComeTrue''s are the future events and situations for oneself that one hopes will come true to fulfill one's 'Aspiration' - one's 'hopes and dreams'. This can be professinal or personal - accomplishment, recognition, success or a fulfilling love life or family life. 'I dreamed a dream in time gone by . . . ' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoalSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Aspiration :GoalType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :realizes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Aspiration :GoalType ) ] ] . :Dreamcatcher :en "dream catcher", "dreamcatcher" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dreamcatcher'' is a 'GoodLuckCharm' used in some Southwest American Indian cutures, to catch bad dreams while a Person is sleeping. Wikipedia 'dreamcatcher': In some Native American cultures, a dreamcatcher or dream catcher (Ojibwe: asabikeshiinh, the inanimate form of the word for 'spider') is a handmade willow hoop, on which is woven a net or web. The dreamcatcher may also include sacred items such as certain feathers or beads. Traditionally they are often hung over cradles as protection. It originates in Ojibwe culture as the 'spider web charm' (Ojibwe: asubakacin 'net-like', White Earth Band; bwaajige ngwaagan 'dream snare', Curve Lake Band), a hoop with woven string or sinew meant to replicate a spider's web, used as a protective charm for infants. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device, :GoodLuckCharm, :PlanarObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mesh ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NativeAmericans ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ] . :Dreamer :wnsense "dreamer1n" ; :wordnet "dreamer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dreamer'' is a ''Person'' who is perfroming a ''Dreaming' Action while ''Asleep''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dreamer' in WordNet: 1. (1) dreamer - (someone who is dreaming) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asleep ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dreaming :en "dreaming" ; :guid "bd58cdaa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dream" ; :wnsense "dream1n", "dream2v" ; :wordnet "dream" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having a dream while sleeping. SUMO: A Process of producing metal images which occurs while one is Asleep. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'dream' in WordNet: 1. dream, dreaming - (a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep; 'I had a dream about you last night') WN verb 'dream': 2. dream - (experience while sleeping; 'She claims to never dream'; 'He dreamt a strange scene') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, :Imagining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Dream ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :REMsleep ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ] . :Dress :guid "bd58b437-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dress" ; :wnsense "dress1n" ; :wordnet "dress" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Dress is a specialization of #$Clothing-WholeBody, #$WomensClothing, and #$EnvelopingCovering. Each instance of #$Dress is an article of women's clothing that covers the upper and lower body, but which usually does not drape down to the feet. SUMO: An item of Clothing which covers the lower body of a Woman. in WordNet: 1. (15) dress, frock - (a one-piece garment for a woman; has skirt and bodice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvelopingCovering, :WomensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :DressPants :guid "be01e9d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongPants . :DressShirt :guid "bd58e720-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dress shirt1n", "evening shirt1n" ; :wordnet "dress shirt", "evening shirt" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all dress shirts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dress shirt' in WordNet: 1. dress shirt, evening shirt - (a man's white shirt (with a starch front) for evening wear (usually with a tuxedo)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shirt . :DressedUp :wnsense "dolled up1adj", "dressed to kill1adj", "dressed to the nines1adj", "dressed-up1adj", "dressed4adj", "dressy1adj", "spiffed up1adj", "spruced up1adj", "togged up1adj" ; :wordnet "dolled up", "dressed", "dressed to kill", "dressed to the nines", "dressed-up", "dressy", "spiffed up", "spruced up", "togged up" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dressed-up' in Wordnet: 1. dressed, dressed-up, dressed to the nines, dressed to kill, dolled up, spruced up, spiffed up, togged up - (dressed in fancy or formal clothing) WN adj 'dressy': 1. (2) dressy - (in fancy clothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stylish . :Dressing :en "dressing" ; :guid "bd58c6b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dress" ; :wnsense "dress1v", "get dressed1v" ; :wordnet "dress", "get dressed" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Activity of a Person getting dressed so that one will appear 'dressed' or decent to others; involves putting on one's outer clothing, (shirt and pants, or a dress, but not necessarily any further outer clothing such as a jacket or coat) and possible also putting on body or face paint, fixing hair, etc.. See also subevent #$PuttingOnAClothingItem. This is also used for changing or trying on clothes, as in a ''DressingRoom''. Putting on underwear or a bathing suit would not be a subtype. In SUMO there are two related terms, 'Dressing' and 'PuttingOnClothing'. It is not completely clear what the difference is, but we will equate SUMO 'Dressing' with the Cyc 'Dressing' - any kind of dressing up, partial or complete (a subtype of 'Putting'). The subactivity 'PuttingOnAClothingItem' (Cyc) and puttingOnClothing' (SUMO) will be interpreted as putting on a single piece of clothing. SUMO: (Dressing) The Process of putting on Clothing. SUMO: (PuttingOnClothing) - subtype of 'Covering' Putting Clothing on a Human or Animal in such a way that the Human or Animal wears the Clothing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dress' in WordNet: 1. (15) dress, get dressed - (put on clothes; 'we had to dress quickly'; 'dress the patient'; 'Can the child dress by herself?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoveringSomething, :HumanActivity, :ImpartingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :PuttingOnAClothingItem ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCovered ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undressing ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :DressingCase :en "dressing-case" ; :wnsense "dressing case1n" ; :wordnet "dressing case" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes subtypes like shaving kits. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dressing case' in Wordnet: 1. dressing case - (a small piece of luggage for carrying brushes and bottles and toilet articles while traveling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kit, :Luggage . :DressingGown :en "dressing-sack" ; :wnsense "dressing gown1n", "dressing sack1n" ; :wordnet "dressing gown", "dressing sack" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DressingGown'' is a coat-like Garment used by women as a covering while longing indoors at home or while getting dressed. Includes noun sense 1 of 'dressing gown' and noun sense 1 of 'dressing sack' in Wordnet (difference is unclear): in WordNet: 1. (3) dressing gown, robe-de-chambre, lounging robe - (a robe worn before dressing or while lounging) WN noun 'dressing sack': 1. dressing sack, dressing sacque - (a woman's loose jacket; worn while dressing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Robe . :DressingRoom :guid "bd589f7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dressing room1n" ; :wordnet "dressing room" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """rooms found in theatres or homes where one gets dressed; usually contains mirrors, make-up lights, costumes or clothing, etc. This includes the small minimal dressing rooms found in clothing stores, or in ''BathHouse''s.. SUMO: Any Room which is intended for ChangingClothing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dressing room' in WordNet: 1. (7) dressing room - (a room in which you can change clothes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dressing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Dribbling :eng "dribbling", "trickling" ; :wnsense "dribble1v", "trickle1v" ; :wordnet "dribble", "trickle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dribbling'' is a slow motion of stream of Liquid drops from some higher place to some lower place. This includes slow flow that has slow continuous flow with few or no perceptable drops. For falling in drops use subtype 'Dripping''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (''Dripping'' in separate drops is a subtype) of 'dribble' in WordNet: 1. drip, trickle, dribble - (flowing in drops; the formation and falling of drops of liquid; 'there's a drip through the roof') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidFlow-Translation . :Dried :guid "534c6650-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Drying ; :wnsense "dried1adj", "dried2adj" ; :wordnet "dried" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute holds necessarily of objects that have been dried. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'dried' in Wordnet: 1. (3) dried - (not still wet; 'the ink has dried'; 'a face marked with dried tears') 2. (1) dried, dehydrated, desiccated - (preserved by removing natural moisture; 'dried beef'; 'dried fruit'; 'dehydrated eggs'; 'shredded and desiccated coconut meat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Solid . :DriedBlood :isaDriedFormOfSubstance :Blood ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: dried blood has some significantly different properties form the liquid stuff, so we distinguish the two and relate them byt the relation 'isaDriedFormOfSubstance'..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance . :DriedBloodObject :en "dried blood", "dried blood object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some quantity of blood that has dried or congealed and solidifed - not frozen blood. a ''BloodClot'' is a subtype, but a dried spot of blood (of interest to forensic specialists) is also.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DriedBlood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :DriedFruitObject :wnsense "dried fruit1n" ; :wordnet "dried fruit" ; a :FruitType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dried fruit' in WordNet: 1. dried fruit - (fruit preserved by drying) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom :FruitType ] . :Drift :wnsense "drift4n" ; :wordnet "drift" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'drift' is a Pile of small Objects (making a GranularSubstance) that has been arranged in a Pile by the force of moving water or wind. Sand dunes, snow drifts, other accumulations. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'drift' in WordNet: 4. drift - (something that is heaped up by the wind or by water currents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agglomeration, :Arrangement, :Pile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drifting ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :DriftWood :wnsense "driftwood1n" ; :wordnet "driftwood" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PieceOfWood'' that has drifted on the surface of a BodyOfWater. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driftwood' in Wordnet: 1. driftwood - (wood that is floating or that has been washed ashore) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfWood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :isObtainedFrom ] . :Drifter :wnsense "bird of passage1n", "drifter1n", "floater3n", "roamer1n", "rover1n", "vagabond2n", "vagrant1n", "wanderer1n" ; :wordnet "bird of passage", "drifter", "floater", "roamer", "rover", "vagabond", "vagrant", "wanderer" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A homeless PoorPerson who is the agent in a 'Wandering' Action, whether temporarily (as an extended break from employment) or as a life style (vagabonds, bums, hoboes). Includes noun sense 2 of 'vagabond' and sense 1 of 'drifter' and sense 1 of 'wanderer' and sense 1 of 'roamer' in WordNet: 2. vagrant, drifter, floater, vagabond - (a wanderer who has no established residence or visible means of support) WN 'wanderer': 1. (1) wanderer, roamer, rover, bird of passage - (someone who leads a wandering unsettled life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoorPerson, :Wanderer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Homeless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Drifting :en "drifting" ; :wnsense "drift1v" ; :wordnet "drift" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The movement of particles of some material (a ''GranularSubstance'') due to movement of a gas or liquid. This is the type of Event that creates a ''Drift'', such as a sand dune. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'drift' (but does not include 'float' - for that use ''FloatingEvent'') in WordNet: 1. (6) float, drift, be adrift, blow - (be in motion due to some air or water current; 'The leaves were blowing in the wind'; 'the boat drifted on the lake'; 'The sailboat was adrift on the open sea'; 'the shipwrecked boat drifted away from the shore') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComingTogether, :MovementOrShapeChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Drift ] . :Drill :wnsense "drill1n" ; :wordnet "drill" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Drill' is for the whole tool used for drilling holes in things; the replaceable 'drill bit' portion would be represented by a different type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drill' in WordNet: 1. drill - (a tool with a sharp point and cutting edges for making holes in hard materials (usually rotating rapidly or by repeated blows)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, :Tool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillingAHole ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillBit ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :DrillBit :en "drill bit" ; :enn "drill bit" ; :wnsense "bit10n" ; :wordnet "bit" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DrillBit'' is the replaceable 'cutting edge' piece of metal that has a sharp point or sharp edge that is rotated to bore into hard materials and create a hole in them. NOTE: In technical usage, one sense of 'drill' is this type ''DrillBit'', whereas the COSMO ''Drill' would be called a 'drilling machine': RHW 'drill' sense 1.a.: 1. Mach., Building Trades. a. a shaftlike tool with two or more cutting edges for making holes in firm materials, esp. by rotation. b. a tool, esp. a hand tool, for holding and operating such a tool. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bit' in WordNet: 10. bit - (the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press; 'he looked around for the right size bit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, :Shaft, :Tool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillingAHole ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drill ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Replaceable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharpEnded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DrilledHole a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DrilledHole'' is a ''PiercedHole'' in some ''SolidObject'' created by a ''DrillingAHole'' Action """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PiercedHole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillingAHole ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :DrilledWell :en "drilled well" ; :wnsense "bore-hole1n", "bore1n", "drill hole1n" ; :wordnet "bore", "bore-hole", "drill hole" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DrilledWell'' is ''Well'' produced by ''DrillingaWell''. This is also referred to as a ''drill hole' - which term could also be used for small ''DrilledHole''s created by machine-shop drilling devices. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bore' in WordNet: 4. bore, bore-hole, drill hole - (a hole or passage made by a drill; usually made for exploratory purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Well, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillingaWell ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :DrillingAHole :wnsense "bore2v", "drill1v" ; :wordnet "bore", "drill" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DrillingAHole'' is an Action in which holes are created by using a ''drilling machine' that holds and rotates a rotating end-sharpened ''DrillBit''' that cuts its way into some solid object, creating a cylindrical shaped ''Hole'', plus some powder or shavings that are fragents of the material removed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drill' in WordNet: 1. (22) bore, drill - (make a hole with a pointed power or hand tool; 'don't drill here, there's a gas pipe'; 'drill a hole into the wall'; 'drill for oil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrilledHole ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drill ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drill ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPenetrated ] . :DrillingForOil :en "drill for oil", "drilling an oil well", "drilling for oil" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DrillingForOil'' is a ''DrillingaWell'' in which the goal is to find and/or extract Pertoleum from a ''PetroleumReservoir''. This includes side-drilling and fracking. This can be exploratory drilling or drilling for production in an established ''OilField''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrillingaWell, :Searching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Petroleum ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ] . :DrillingRig :wnsense "drill rig1n", "drilling rig1n", "oil rig1n", "oilrig1n" ; :wordnet "drill rig", "drilling rig", "oil rig", "oilrig" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DrillingRig is a large non-mobile Platform, used to support equipment used to drill holes into the ground, whether on the land or under water, usually looking for oil or natural gas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drilling rig' in WordNet: 1. drill rig, drilling rig, oilrig, oil rig - (rig used in drilling for oil or gas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Facility-Generic, :Platform, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillingaWell ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :DrillingaTooth :en "drill a tooth", "tooth drilling" ; :eng "drilling a tooth" ; :enn "tooth drilling" ; :env "drill a tooth" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DrillingaTooth'' is a subtype of ''DrillingAHole'' in which a part of a ''Tooth'' is removed by drilling with a ''DentistsDrill''. This is performed to remove ''ToothDecay'', and is usually followed by 'filling'' the hole created (not yet represented). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrillingAHole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dentist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DentistsDrill ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tooth ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ToothDecay ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :DrillingaWell :en "drilling a well" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DrillingaWellHole'' is a subtype of ''DrillingAHole'' in which a ''Well'' is created. The ''Well'' may or may not be capable of yielding anything useful - if not,it is a ''dry well. NOTE that a ''Well'' is considered a ''UsefulSource' but that is a default. A dry well'may be minimally useful if it provides the *information* that the formation drilled has no extractable resources, and there are better places to drill """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrillingAHole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrilledWell ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillingRig ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Drink :ldoce "drink" ; :wnsense "drink1n" ; :wordnet "drink" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single quantity of a 'Beverage', usually in some container, but possibly taken from a fountain or slurped up from a bowl, enough to ingest in a short time. This is an object, not a substance. his includes the subtype ''Swig'', the quantity of beverage taken in that is all swallowed at once, A typical 'glass' of wine would be 5 or 6 fluid ounces. Used in phrases like 'I'd like a drink'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drink' in WordNet: 1. (20) drink - (a single serving of a beverage; 'I asked for a hot drink'; 'likes a drink before dinner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Beverage :BeverageType ) ] ] . :DrinkBar :wnsense "bar1n" ; :wordnet "bar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DrinkBar'' is a 'Counter' where alcoholic beverages are kept and served, along with 'mixers' to add to and enhance the basic alcoholic beverage, and glasses and ice and mixing containers to permit mixed drinks to be prepared, and in commercial establishments usually a sink as well. Any one of the usual accoutrements of a ''Bar'' may be absent at functions where only wine and/or beer are served, but there have to be some alcoholic beverages. This includes not only the counter itself, but the storage area for the drinks and accessories. The drinks are 'contained' in the ''Bar''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bar' in WordNet: 2. (4) bar - (a counter where you can obtain food or drink; 'he bought a hot dog and a coke at the bar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Counter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TendingBar ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottleOfAlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :DrinkMixer :isUsedToMake :MixedDrink ; :isaComponentSubstanceOf :MixedDrink ; :wnsense "mixer2n" ; :wordnet "mixer" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DrinkMixer'' is a ''NonAlcoholicBeverage'' used to add flavor or dilute an AlcoholoicBeverage.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mixer' in WordNet: 2. mixer - (club soda or fruit juice used to mix with alcohol) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :NonAlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MixedDrink ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ] . :Drinker :wnsense "drinker1n" ; :wordnet "drinker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Drinker'' is a Person who is drinking or habitually drinks some type of beverage, including plain water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drinker' in WordNet: 1. (1) drinker - (a person who drinks liquids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage :en "drinking" ; :ldoce "drink" ; :wnsense "booze1v", "drink2v", "fuddle2v" ; :wordnet "booze", "drink", "fuddle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage' is a subtype of 'DrinkingEvent' in which the Beverage consumed is one or more portions of some AlcoholicBeverage(s). One may consider an evening in which wine, whiskey, and beer were all consumed (by one or more people) to be a single instance of this Event, or just one gulp. The term 'drinking'is sometimes used to mean esxcessive drinking, but that requires subtle discussion not needed as of rev1399. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'drink' in WordNet: 2. (10) drink, booze, fuddle - (consume alcohol; 'We were up drinking all night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :DrinkingCan :guid "bd58a850-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cans, often made of aluminum, in which soda, beer, and other potable liquids are contained and sometimes drunk from. Tend to have a capacity of 8 fljid ounces to 16 ounces, most commonly 12 ounces. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Can, :CylindricalObject, :DisposableProduct, :DrinkingVessel, :HandSizedObject, :PackagingContainerProduct . :DrinkingCoffee :en "drinking coffee" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DrinkingCoffee'' is a subtype of 'DrinkingEvent' in which the Beverage consumed is ''Coffee''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coffee ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :DrinkingEvent :en "drinking" ; :guid "bd58eeee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "drink" ; :wnsense "drink1v" ; :wordnet "drink" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink. In each instance of #$DrinkingEvent, one animal consumes a portion of some instance of #$Drink. Each instance of #$DrinkingEvent typically consists of several instances of #$DrinkingASip (q.v.). See also #$EatingEvent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drink' in WordNet: 1. (32) drink, imbibe - (take in liquids; 'The patient must drink several liters each day'; 'The children like to drink soda') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumingFoodOrDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beverage ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drink ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SlakingaThirst ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :DrinkingFountain :wnsense "drinking fountain1n", "water fountain1n" ; :wordnet "drinking fountain", "water fountain" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Drinking'' is an ''PlumbingFixture'' that provides a stream of water for drinking, usually when some lever is pressed (by the hand or foot). It is usually located indoors, but is sometimes found outdoors in public places. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drinking fountain' in WordNet: 1. drinking fountain, water fountain, bubbler - (a public fountain to provide a jet of drinking water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :HumanSizedObject, :PlumbingFixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spout ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :DrinkingGlass :guid "bd58a7ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "glass" ; :wnsense "glass2n" ; :wordnet "glass" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: not necessarily made out of glass. Cyc: The collection of drinking glasses, a particular kind of vessel for consuming liquids. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'glass' in WordNet: 2. (14) glass, drinking glass - (a container for holding liquids while drinking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingVessel . :DrinkingMug :guid "bd5884d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mug4n" ; :wordnet "mug" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A drinkingVessel usually made of ceramic material, with a handle. The Handle is usually a 'LoopedHandle', but not always. This specific type has a cylindrical shape. Sense 4 of 'mug' in WordNet: 4. mug - (with handle and usually cylindrical) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :DrinkingVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoopedHandle ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ] . :DrinkingSoda :en "drink soda", "drinking soda", "drinking soda pop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DrinkingSoda'' is a subtype of 'DrinkingEvent' in which the Beverage consumed is ''SodaPop''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SodaPop ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :DrinkingStraw :wnsense "drinking straw1n", "straw4n" ; :wordnet "drinking straw", "straw" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small tube used for drinking beverages - usually about 1/4 inch wide and 4-10 inches long. It can be of any insoluble and impermeable solid material - paper, plastic, glass. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'straw' and sense 1 of 'drinking straw' in WordNet: 4. straw, drinking straw - (a thin paper or plastic tube used to such liquids into the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :SimplePipe . :DrinkingVessel :guid "bd5898dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vessel3n" ; :wordnet "vessel" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Open-top Containers used to hold beverages in a form convenient for consumption. Beverage bottles are not included, even if many people drink from them, as that is not their design purpose. A baby bottle used with a nipple is also not an instance. A cup or tankard may have a lid, but it is used while open-topped, and that determines its place in this category. See e.g. ''DrinkingCan''. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'drinking vessel' in WordNet: 1. drinking vessel - (a vessel intended for drinking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodVessel, :LiquidContainer, :NonPoweredDevice, :OpenTopContainer, :SmallObject, :Tableware, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beverage ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :DrinkingWine :en "drinking wine", "wine drinking" ; :eng "wining" ; :wnsense "wine1v" ; :wordnet "wine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DrinkingWine' is a subtype of 'DrinkingEvent' in which the Beverage consumed is ''Wine''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wine' in WordNet: 1. wine - (drink wine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wine ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :DrinkingaNightcap :en "drink a nightcap" ; :eng "drinking a nightcap" ; :env "drink a nightcap" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DrinkingaNightcap'' is the Action of consuming a ''NightCap'' shortly before bedtime. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nightcap ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bedtime ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NightTime ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :Dripping :eng "dripping" ; :wnsense "drip1v", "drip2v" ; :wordnet "drip" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dripping'' is a ''Dribbling'' in which some liquid falls freely in individual drops. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'drip' in WordNet: 1. (11) drip - (fall in drops; 'Water is dripping from the faucet') 2. drip, trickle, dribble - (flowing in drops; the formation and falling of drops of liquid; 'there's a drip through the roof') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dribbling . :Drivel :wnsense "drivel1n", "garbage2n" ; :wordnet "drivel", "garbage" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Drivel'' is a form of ''Humbug'' (an AbstractText) that is either false or logically incoherent or both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drivel' in WordNet: 1. drivel, garbage - (a worthless message) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Humbug, :LinguisticAssertion, :WorthlessThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nonsensical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Driven :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MotivatingAnAgentToAct ; :wnsense "driven2adj", "impelled1adj" ; :wordnet "driven", "impelled" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'driven' in Wordnet: 2. driven, impelled - (urged or forced to action through moral pressure; 'felt impelled to take a stand against the issue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motivated . :Driver :ldoce "driver" ; :wnsense "driver1n" ; :wordnet "driver" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Driver' is a person who is operating or habitually operates and controls some 'TransportationDevice-Vehicle' - not just land vehicles, but air and sea vehicles as well. This is very general and can apply to the role played in a single 'Action' or to one who does such actions as a profession. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driver' in WordNet: 1. (19) driver - (the operator of a motor vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceOperator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingATransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Driver-TransportationProfessional :guid "bd58be00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: a generic vehicle driver who drives as a profession, including taxi drivers bus drivers, truck drivers, airplane pilots, train engineers, boat drivers (captain or otherwise) and drivers of horse-drawn carriages. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Driver, :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingATransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :DriverClub :wnsense "driver5n", "number one wood1n" ; :wordnet "driver", "number one wood" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DriverClub'' is a ''GolfClub'' with a heavy wooden body and a relatively flat face, designed to be used in ''DrivingaGolfBall'' on the ''TeeingGround'' of a golf hole. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driver' in WordNet: 5. driver, number one wood - (a golf club (a wood) with a near vertical face that is used for hitting long shots from the tee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GolfClub, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeeingOff ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :DriverSeat :en "driver seat" ; :enn "driver seat" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''DriverSeat'' is an ''AutoSeat'' on which the ''AutomobileDriver'' sits. always at the front of the auto. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AutoSeat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AutomobileDriver ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RearSeat ; owl:onProperty :isInFrontOf ] . :DriversLicense :wnsense "driver's licence1n", "driver's license1n", "driving licence1n", "driving license1n" ; :wordnet "driver's licence", "driver's license", "driving licence", "driving license" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DriversLicense' is any of various 'License's granted by a Government or government agency,usually a state Motor Vehicle agency, to a Person to drive some kind of vehicle. Different type of licenses may be granted (auto, truck motorcycle). This is the abstract Permission; for the physical document use 'DriversLicenseDocument'. Wordnet does not distinguish the abstract license from the document, so the WN phrase is used for both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driver's license' in WordNet: 1. driver's license, driver's licence, driving license, driving licence - (a license authorizing the bearer to drive a motor vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :License, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :DriversLicenseDocument ] . :DriversLicenseDocument :wnsense "driver's licence1n", "driver's license1n", "driving licence1n", "driving license1n" ; :wordnet "driver's licence", "driver's license", "driving licence", "driving license" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DriversLicenseDocument' is the printed Document that a Person has been granted a 'DriversLicense'. In CYC called 'DriversLicense' A document from some GeopoliticalAuthority stating that the identifed individual has permission to drive some vehicle within the jurisdiction of that authority.' Wordnet does not distinguish the abstract license from the document, so the WN phrase is used for both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driver's licence' in WordNet: 1. driver's license, driver's licence, driving license, driving licence - (a license authorizing the bearer to drive a motor vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CertificateDocument, :Document-Physical, :IDDocument, :LegalDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DriversLicense ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Driveway :guid "bd58b0e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "driveway1n" ; :wordnet "driveway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Driveways of Modern Houses. SUMO: A small, private Roadway that is used for parking Automobiles or for connecting a Garage to a public Roadway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driveway' in Wordnet: 1. (5) driveway, drive, private road - (a road leading up to a private house; 'they parked in the driveway') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :Roadway, :SurfaceOnTangibleObject . :Driving :wnsense "driving1adj", "impulsive3adj" ; :wordnet "driving", "impulsive" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attributeValue ''Driving'' is a subtype of ''Powerful'' that characterizes Feelings or Beliefs that cause a Person to act with determination.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'driving' in Wordnet: 1. (2) driving, impulsive - (having the power of driving or impelling; 'a driving personal ambition'; 'the driving force was his innate enthusiasm'; 'an impulsive force') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Powerful . :DrivingOfTheGoldenSpike :wasPerformedByAgent :LelandStanford ; a :Action . :DrivingaBus :en "driving a bus" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DrivingaBus' is the subtype of 'DrivingaRoadVehicle' in which the vehicle controlled is a Bus (multipassenger vehicle, which can be a minibus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrivingaRoadVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :Bus ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bus ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] . :DrivingaRoadVehicle :ldoce "drive" ; :wnsense "drive1v", "driving2n" ; :wordnet "drive", "driving" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DrivingaRoadVehicle' is the Action most commonly referred to as 'driving' - as opposed to piloting an airplane or a boat. This does not include driving a train or other vehicle on a track, though it does include drving a trolley car with overhead wires. When 'Driving' the operator of the vehicle must be in the vehicle - remote control fo vehicles is not included in this type; therefore each 'Driving' is also an instance of 'Riding'. For riding in a Sailboat, use 'Sailing'. NOTE that 'driving' is something done by some agent, but that agent can be an automaton such as the automatic controller of a driverless car or a remote operator for an airplane drone or other vehicle. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'drive' (for the other part, see the parent 'ControllingATransportationDevice') in WordNet: 1. (56) drive - (operate or control a vehicle; 'drive a car or bus'; 'Can you drive this four-wheel truck?') WN noun 'driving': 2. driving - (the act of controlling and steering the movement of a vehicle or animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingATransportationDevice, :OperatingaPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :RoadVehicle ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SteeringaRoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpeedingUpaVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SlowingDownaVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingInaVehicle ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :DrivingaTaxiCab :en "driving a taxi" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DrivinganAutomobile' is the subtype of 'DrivingaRoadVehicle' in which the vehicle controlled is a TaxiCab (not a limousine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrivingaRoadVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :TaxiCab ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TaxiCab ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] . :DrivinganAutomobile :ldoce "drive" ; :wnsense "drive1v" ; :wordnet "drive" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DrivinganAutomobile' is the subtype of 'DrivingaRoadVehicle' in which the vehicle controlled is an automobile (of any kind, including limousines, taxis, private cars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrivingaRoadVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :Automobile ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] . :Drizzle :wnsense "drizzle1n", "drizzle1v", "mizzle1n", "mizzle1v" ; :wordnet "drizzle", "mizzle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Drizzle'' is a ''RainEvent'' in which the water droplets falling are small and not dense, so that less water falls on a given area of ground in any give time interval than in a 'Shower'' or a ''RainStorm''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drizzle' in WordNet: 1. drizzle, mizzle - (rain lightly; 'When it drizzles in summer, hiking can be pleasant') WN noun 'drizzle': 1. (5) drizzle, mizzle - (very light rain; stronger than mist but less than a shower) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RainEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sparse ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Drone :wnsense "drone4n", "pilotless aircraft1n", "radio-controlled aircraft1n" ; :wordnet "drone", "pilotless aircraft", "radio-controlled aircraft" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Drone'' differs from other Aircraft in being controlled from the ground by radio signals, rather than a pilot on board. It can be either fixed-wing or rotary wing. The rotary-wing variety typically has more than one rotating wing. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'drone' in WordNet: 4. drone, pilotless aircraft, radio-controlled aircraft - (an aircraft without a pilot that is operated by remote control) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aircraft, :FuelPoweredDevice . :Drooling :eng "drooling", "slavering" ; :wnsense "dribble4v", "drivel1v", "drool2v", "slabber1v", "slaver1v", "slobber1v" ; :wordnet "dribble", "drivel", "drool", "slabber", "slaver", "slobber" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Drooling'' is a ''Dribbling'' of saliva from an Vertebrate's mouth to some lower place, often (for people) down the chin. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'drool' in WordNet: 2. drivel, drool, slabber, slaver, slobber, dribble - (let saliva drivel from the mouth; 'The baby drooled') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dribbling . :DropOfLiquid :wnsense "drop1n" ; :wordnet "drop" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DropOfLiquid' is a near-spherical object consisting of some liquid substance (an instance of 'LiquidSubstanceType''). A ''DropOfLiquid'' can be suspended in a gas or may fall freely in gravity. The kind of 'drop' on a surface will be a different type. NOTE: WN does not seems to have any sense specifically for a small roundish object made of liquid. Part of sense 1 gloss: 'a drop of each sample was analyzed' seems to apply and makes this the closest in WN to the meaning of thi type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drop' in WordNet: 1. (10) drop, drib, driblet - (a small indefinite quantity (especially of a liquid); 'he had a drop too much to drink'; 'a drop of each sample was analyzed'; 'there is not a drop of pity in that man'; 'years afterward, they would pay the blood-money, driblet by driblet'-Kipling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidObject, :SphericalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue ".3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :DropOfWater a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DropOfWater' is a near-spherical object consisting of water; near the surface of the Earth, it may be found in clouds, fogs, or in rain, or falling from any object to a lower object under many circumstances. To be a 'drop' of water, it must have a diameter no greater than 1 cm (and usually a lot smaller). In gravitation-free space, spheres of water that are larger can be stable, but those are not instances of 'DropOfWater'. A DropOfWater can be very small, with a diameter under 1 mm. NOTE: 'drops' of water on a surface are not near-spherical and are not included in this type: @ToDo 1111; represent drops on a surface!! """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidObject, :SphericalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue ".3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Droplet :wnsense "droplet1n" ; :wordnet "droplet" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'droplet' in WordNet: 1. (3) droplet - (a tiny drop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DropOfWater, :TinyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Dropout :wnsense "dropout1n" ; :wordnet "dropout" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dropout'' is a ''Quitter'' who stops some kind of educational program before the course of instruction is completed. Usually used for dropping out of school, but also applicable to other forms of training,such as in some military programs. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'dropout' in WordNet: 1. (1) dropout - (someone who quits school before graduation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quitter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DroppingOutOfSchool ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Dropping :en "dropping" ; :ldoce "drop" ; :wnsense "drop1v" ; :wordnet "drop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dropping is an action in which an Agent lets go (intentionally or unintentionally) of an object, which then falls to the ground (unless intercepted by another action). This Action has some 'Falling-Freefall' as a result. This sense corresponds to sense 1 of 'drop' in WordNet: 1. (39) drop - (let fall to the ground; 'Don't drop the dishes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Falling-Freefall ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DroppingBombs :wnsense "dropping bombs1n" ; :wordnet "dropping bombs" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dropping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirTransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AerialBomb ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :DroppingOutOfSchool :wnsense "drop out2v" ; :wordnet "drop out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DroppingOutOfSchool'' is a ''QuittingAction'' in which some 'Student'' voluntarily leaves a program in a ''School'', before graduating. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'drop out' in WordNet: 2. drop out - (leave school or an educational program prematurely; 'Many students drop out because they are not prepared for our challenging program') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuittingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoingToSchool ; owl:onProperty :finishes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dropout ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :Drought :guid "be4d5fde-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "drought1n" ; :wordnet "drought" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$NaturalHazard and #$WeatherEvent. Each instance of #$Drought is an event in which a region experiences lower then normal precipitation for an extended period of time. This is the literal meaning of too little rainfall. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drought' in Wordnet: 1. (5) drought, drouth - (a shortage of rainfall; 'farmers most affected by the drought hope that there may yet be sufficient rain early in the growing season') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousSituation, :PersistentState, :WeatherEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rain ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoWeeks ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDuration ] . :Drowning :en "drowning" ; :guid "bd588505-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "drown" ; :wnsense "drown3v" ; :wordnet "drown" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Death due to an Accident or a Killing where an air-breathing animal dies due to inhaling a liquid (see #$LiquidTangibleThing) and then dying of asphyxiation. This is the intransitive sense of 'drown'; the transitive sense is represented as 'DrowningSomething'. Corresponds to sense 3 (intransitive) of verb 'drown' in WordNet: 3. (2) drown - (die from being submerged in water, getting water into the lungs, and asphyxiating; 'The child drowned in the lake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingKilled, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnderWater ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :DrowningSomething :ldoce "drown" ; :wnsense "drown4v" ; :wordnet "drown" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Killing a living thing by immersing it in water until it dies of asphyxiation; cause something to drown. Corresponds to sense 4 (transitive) of verb 'drown' in WordNet: 4. (1) drown - (kill by submerging in water; 'He drowned the kittens') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Killing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Drowning ] . :Drowsiness :wnsense "drowsiness1n", "sleepiness1n", "somnolence1n" ; :wordnet "drowsiness", "sleepiness", "somnolence" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An PersistentState characterized by the loss of an animal's alertness, with a tendency to fall asleep. 'sleepiness'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drowsiness' in WordNet: 1. (1) sleepiness, drowsiness, somnolence - (a very sleepy state; 'sleepiness causes many driving accidents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soporific ; owl:onProperty :canBeCausedByEventWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drowsy ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Drowsy :guid "8529164c-6e8f-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Drowsiness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Alert ; :wnsense "dozy1adj", "drowsing1adj", "drowsy1adj", "sleepy-eyed1adj", "sleepy1adj", "sleepyheaded1adj" ; :wordnet "dozy", "drowsing", "drowsy", "sleepy", "sleepy-eyed", "sleepyheaded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Drowsy'' is an attribute of an Animal (usually a ''Person'') that is no longer alert and is tending to fall asleep. CYC 'Sleepy': #$Sleepy is the collection of all animals that are members of #$Awake that are very tired. It is the state an animal normally passes through before #$GoingToSleep. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'drowsy' and sense 1 of 'sleepy' in Wordnet: 1. drowsy, drowsing, dozy - (half asleep; 'made drowsy by the long ride'; 'it seemed a pity to disturb the drowsing (or dozing) professor'; 'a tired dozy child'; 'the nodding (or napping) grandmother in her rocking chair') WN adj 'sleepy': 1. sleepy, sleepy-eyed, sleepyheaded - (ready to fall asleep; 'beginning to feel sleepy'; 'a sleepy-eyed child with drooping eyelids'; 'sleepyheaded students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awake . :DrugAbuse :en "drug habit" ; :wnsense "drug abuse1n", "habit4n", "substance abuse1n" ; :wordnet "drug abuse", "habit", "substance abuse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DrugAbuse'' is the non-prescription ingestion of an ''AddictiveSubstance'' (not just any old drug). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'drug abuse' in WordNet: 1. substance abuse, drug abuse, habit - (excessive use of drugs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceAbuse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AddictiveSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Addiction ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ingesting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :DrugAddict :wnsense "drug addict1n", "junkie1n", "junky1n" ; :wordnet "drug addict", "junkie", "junky" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''DrugAddict'' is an ''Addict'' who is addicted to some ''NarcoticDrug''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drug addict' in WordNet: 1. drug addict, junkie, junky - (a narcotics addict) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Addict, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugAddiction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugAbuse ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :DrugAddicted :isAnAttributeValueOf :Addict ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Addiction ; :wnsense "dependant2adj", "dependent6adj", "drug-addicted1adj", "hooked2adj", "strung-out1adj" ; :wordnet "dependant", "dependent", "drug-addicted", "hooked", "strung-out" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'drug-addicted' in Wordnet: 1. dependent, dependant, drug-addicted, hooked, strung-out - (addicted to a drug) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Addicted . :DrugAddiction :wnsense "drug addiction1n", "white plague2n" ; :wordnet "drug addiction", "white plague" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DrugAddiction'' is an ''Adddiction'' that compels tht addict to regularly perform ''DrugAbuse''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drug addiction' in WordNet: 1. drug addiction, white plague - (an addiction to a drug (especially a narcotic drug)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Addiction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugAbuse ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugAbuse ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :DrugCapsule :wnsense "capsule2n" ; :wordnet "capsule" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DrugCapsule''is a marble-sized ''CapsuleContainer'', small and cylcindrical and designed to hold some Drug for ingestion by mouth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'capsule' in WordNet: 2. (2) capsule - (a pill in the form of a small rounded gelatinous container with medicine inside) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, :OralDrugObject, :Pill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CapsuleContainer ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OralDrugSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :DrugObject :ldoce "drug" ; a :PharmacyProductType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject (a SolidObject or a quantity of liquid, vapor, or mist) that is designed to be ingested for some medical (or recreational) purpose. No sense of 'drug' in Wordnet for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, :ProductObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugProduct ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :DrugPrescription :guid "c0fd5806-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prescription4n" ; :wordnet "prescription" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This can be used for abstract or physical prescription documents. Intention is to represent the common 'drug prescription' in any form. CYC: A specialization of #$OfficialDocument. Each instance of this collection is a document in which a doctor (#$Doctor-Medical) authorizes a patient to purchase a certain amount of a #$PrescriptionDrug and take it according to some specified schedule. See also the predicates #$prescriptionFilled and #$prescribedDrug. NOTE that this cannot be an ''OfficialDocuent'' since that is physical, and a DirectionsDoment is abstract - a prescription may be on computer these das, information only. So we give it the restrctions of an official document directly. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'prescription' in WordNet: 4. prescription - (written instructions from a physician or dentist to a druggist concerning the form and dosage of a drug to be issued to a given patient) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionsDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrescriptionDrug ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Prescriber ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrescribingMedication ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Official ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DrugProduct :guid "bd58aef7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "drug", "medicine" ; :wnsense "curative1n", "cure1n", "drug1n", "medicament1n", "medication1n", "medicinal drug1n", "medicine2n", "remedy2n", "therapeutic1n" ; :wordnet "curative", "cure", "drug", "medicament", "medication", "medicinal drug", "medicine", "remedy", "therapeutic" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :PharmacyProductType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Artifact and #$DrugSubstance. Each instance of #$DrugProduct is a drug substance manufactured by some agent. Instances of #$DrugProduct include drugs prescribed by a physician, drugs purchased as over-the-counter medicines, and drugs used for recreational purposes (so #$AlcoholicBeverage, #$Nicotine, and #$Caffeine are specializations). This is a 'DrugSubstance' that is made for sale commercially, For substances prepared for personal use to treat illness,use the parent type ''DrugSubstance''. Includes noun sense 2 of 'medicine' and noun sense 1 of 'medication' and part of noun sense 2 of 'remedy' (medicines but *not* 'therapy' in the sense of physical therapy) in WordNet (no sense of 'drug' directly corresponds - see the parent 'DrugSubstance' but the word is used in this sense, so it is tagged as a WN sense): in WordNet: WN 'medicine'; see also 'PrescriptionDrug' 2. (3) medicine, medication, medicament, medicinal drug - ((medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease) WN noun 'medication': 1. (2) medicine, medication, medicament, medicinal drug - ((medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease) WN noun 'remedy': 2. (1) remedy, curative, cure, therapeutic - (a medicine or therapy that cures disease or relieve pain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumableProduct, :DrugSubstance, :PharmacyProduct . :DrugResistant :en "drug resistant" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PathogenicMicroorganism ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :PoisoningToDeath ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DrugResistant' is the Attribute of Organisms that resist being killed by some agent, which is not necessarily a therapeutic 'drug', it could be a herbicide.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resistant . :DrugSideEffect :en "adverse reaction" ; :wnsense "side effect1n" ; :wordnet "side effect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any internal biochemical Event occurring inside an AnimalBody Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'side effect' in WordNet: 1. side effect - (a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy; 'severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyResponse, :PhysiologicalEffect, :SideEffect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdministeringaDrug ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :DrugStore :CYC "Pharmacy" ; :guid "bd59062e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c0fd4a67-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :sells :DrugProduct ; :wnsense "apothecary's shop1n", "chemist's shop1n", "chemist's1n", "drugstore1n", "pharmacy1n" ; :wordnet "apothecary's shop", "chemist's", "chemist's shop", "drugstore", "pharmacy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$RetailStores that sell prescription and non-prescription drugs and other sundry items - like the Eckerds down the street. These organizations always have a #$Pharmacy as a department. Note the constant #$DrugStoreChain should be used to refer to #$Organizations with multiple outlets. CYC sees to conflate an Organization with the site(s) at which the Organization doesbusiness. This type is for the place of business. CYC 'Pharmacy': #$Pharmacy is a specialization of #$PharmaceuticalDispensingOrganization, #$CommercialServiceOrganization, and #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients. Each instance of #$Pharmacy is a (local-level) organization which sells mainly prescription drugs, but usually also carries non-prescription drugs and other medical supplies that might be needed by a family or individual. Sometimes these are free-standing stores, sometimes departments within other stores (like drugstores and supermarkets). SUMO: A RetailStore that sells Medicine, and perhaps other items as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drugstore' in WordNet: 1. (6) drugstore, apothecary's shop, chemist's, chemist's shop, pharmacy - (a retail shop where medicine and other articles are sold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailStore, :ServiceEstablishment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugProduct ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :DrugSubstance :guid "bfc1633e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "drug", "medicine" ; :wnsense "drug1n", "medicine2n" ; :wordnet "drug", "medicine" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''DrugSubstance'' is a ''SubstanceRole'' for any substance that is used internally or externally to improve the physiological functioning of an organism. NOTE that this category includes substances that may have no beneficial effect, such as a ''Placebo'', but may nevertheless be used in the *expectation* that they will have a beneficial effect, or as a precaution against illness that might be acquired, e.g. by infection. This includes medicines, vitamin supplements, vaccines, and recreational drugs. However, it does not include poisons whose *sole* effect is deleterious and that are not used as medicines (but some legitimate drugs are poisonous at excessive doses, and are included here). In this respect, it may differ somewhat from the Cyc intended meaning. A 'DrugSubstance' includes the subtype 'DrugProduct' 9made and sold commercialy), *but also* includes substances that are used as drugs but are *not* made and sold commercially - e.g. home medicinal herb powders. For those DrugSubstances prepared specificly to treat some illness, use the subtype ''DrugProduct'', which can be natural, but must at least be produced or prepared for the purpose of treating illness. NOTE that a 'DrugSubstance' is classified as a subtype of 'FunctionalSubstance', meaning that it is an artifact produced to serve a purpose; although the active ingredient of a substance used as a drug may be natural, the actual drug substance must, to fit into this category, be processed in some way so that it qualifies as an 'ArtificialSubstance'. NOTE that WordNet distinguishes between drugs in general and those used medicinally. Such distinctions are useful, but this type is the most general for substances used with the *intention* of having beneficial physiological effect. The subtype 'PrescriptionDrug' is closer to the WordNet meaning. Cyc: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$DrugSubstance is something that can be introduced into an organism's body to produce certain physiological effects. This collection includes naturally-occurring substances, as well as manufactured substances (for the latter, see the specialization #$DrugProduct). Includes noun sense 2 of 'drug and sense 2 of 'medicine' in WordNet: WN 'medicine' 2. (3) medicine, medication, medicament, medicinal drug - ((medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease) WN 'drug' 1. (31) drug - (a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance, :FunctionalSubstance, :MedicalRemedy, :SubstanceRole . :DrugSubstanceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DrugSubstanceType'' metatype which is a subclass of ''SubstanceType'' that can serve as type for physical substances that are ingested as drugs (legal or illegal), or as vitamins, or as a supplement of any kind for the purpose of having some physiolgical effect. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType . :DrugTherapy :eng "medicating" ; :wnsense "medicate2v", "medication2n" ; :wordnet "medicate", "medication" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DrugTherapy' is a 'TherapeuticProcess' in which a patient ingests some drug substance, whether orally, by injection, by skin patch, smoking (e.g. nicotine or cannabinoids) etc. The 'SubstanceType' ingested should be a subtype of 'DrugSubstance'. Taking aspirin or other non-prescription drugs would be a subtype. The act of one person administering a drug to another (in any form) is the subtype ''AdministeringaDrug''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'medication' and verb sense 2 of 'medicate' in WordNet: 2. medication - (the act of treating with medicines or remedies) WN verb 'medicate' 2. medicate, medicine - (treat medicinally, treat with medicine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministeringaSubstance, :Ingesting, :TherapeuticProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadIngestedSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnimalType :Animal ) ] ] . :DrugUser :wnsense "drug user1n", "substance abuser1n", "user3n" ; :wordnet "drug user", "substance abuser", "user" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DrugUser'' is a ''Person'' who ingests some amount of some kind of 'drug', usually an addictive substance', without a prescription and not for treatment of an ''AilmentCondition'.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drug user' in WordNet: 1. drug user, substance abuser, user - (a person who takes drugs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugAbuse ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Drum-Container :guid "bd5fed88-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "drum" ; :wnsense "drum3n", "drum4n" ; :wordnet "drum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A drum is a cylindrical container which can typically contain between 12 and 110 gallons of liquid or poourable solid Substance. They are oten metallic, but fiber drums are also instances of this type. Corresponds to noun senses 3 and 4 of 'drum' in WordNet: 3. barrel, drum - (a bulging cylindrical shape; hollow with flat ends) 4. drum, metal drum - (a cylindrical metal container used for shipping or storage of liquids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CapsuleContainer . :DrumInstrument :guid "bd59927b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "drum" ; :wnsense "drum1n" ; :wordnet "drum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PercussionInstrument. Each instance of this collection is a percussion instument in which a hollow tube has a membrane stretched over one or both ends. NOTE: a hollow log used as a 'drum' does not qualify. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drum' in WordNet, but includes drums such as tympani that have only one membrane: in WordNet: 1. (5) drum, membranophone, tympan - (a musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercussionInstrument . :DrumMajor :wnsense "drum major1n" ; :wordnet "drum major" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drum major' in WordNet: 1. (1) drum major - (the leader of a marching band or drum corps) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conductor, :MalePerson . :DrumMajorette :wnsense "drum majorette2n" ; :wordnet "drum majorette" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the leader of a marching band; the baton twirler who may also march with a band is represented by ''Majorette''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'drum majorette' in WordNet: 2. drum majorette, majorette - (a female drum major) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conductor, :FemalePerson . :Drumhead :wnsense "drumhead1n" ; :wordnet "drumhead" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Drumhead'' is a ''Membrane'' that forms the sound-emiting vibrating surface of a ''DrumInstrument'' that is struck to produce the drumming sound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drumhead' in WordNet: 1. (1) drumhead, head - (a membrane that is stretched taut over a drum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Membrane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrumInstrument ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Taut ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrummingSound ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Drummer :guid "c0bacfdc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "drummer1n" ; :wordnet "drummer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who play the drums for a living. This is broader than CYC, including any person playing a ''DrumInstrument'' with sufficient proficiency to be considered as 'music' on any specific occasion, especially as part of a musical group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drummer' in WordNet: 1. (1) drummer - (someone who plays a drum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalInstrumentPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaDrum ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaDrum ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :DrummingSound :en "rub-a-dub" ; :isCausedBy :Colliding ; :wnsense "drum1v" ; :wordnet "drum" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DrummingSound'' is a ''Sound'' consisting of more than two low-pitched short sounds characteristic of a drum being beaten. A sound Similar to RHW 'rub-a-dub' the sound of a drum when beaten. This is similar to the intransitive component of the verb'drum' in WN, and similar to 'rub-a-dub' in RHW:: in WordNet: 1. (1) drum, beat, thrum - (make a rhythmic sound; 'Rain drummed against the windshield'; 'The drums beat all night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Drumstick :guid "bee13946-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "drumstick2n" ; :wordnet "drumstick" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of sticks (i.e., #$Shaft's) used for playing #$DrumInstrument's. NOT the turkey leg! Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'drumstick' in WordNet: 2. drumstick - (a stick used for playing a drum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :Shaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaDrum ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredInstrumentForAction ] . :Drunk :en "bombed", "drunken", "stinko", "wasted" ; :enadj "bombed", "drunken", "stinko", "wasted" ; :guid "3d311ff8-9f73-41d8-93c8-9c0c24de7f5a" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Sober ; :ldoce "drunk" ; :wnsense "drunk1adj", "inebriated1adj", "intoxicated1adj" ; :wordnet "drunk", "inebriated", "intoxicated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having enough alcohol in the blood to show clear evidence of impairment. This ranges from 'slightly drunk' to 'blind drunk'; See the subtypes (''Tipsy' and ''Soused''). The term'drunken' is not in WN in this sense. RHW captures the intended sense of 'drunken': RHW 'drunken: 1. intoxicated; drunk. \" What do you do with a drunken sailor? ... Shave his belly with a rusty razor. ... Put him in the hold with the Captain's daughter . . . Put him in the back of the paddy wagon . . . Throw him in the lock-up 'til he's sober . . . Earl-eye in the morning. \" (old song) In Cyc this is actually 'a drunken animal' but the usage in COSMO differs - it is an attribute, and the term is used as an adjective. Cyc: An instance of #$AnimalTypeByMentalState and a specialization of #$Intoxicated. Each instance of #$Drunk is an #$Animal who has ingested enough #$EthylAlcohol to significantly alter its mental state and impair its motor skills. An important specialization is #$LegallyDrunk (q.v.). NOTE: 'wasted', 'bombed' and 'stinko' are colloquial terms used to characterize someone very drunk. None of these are in WordNet. Probably should be a subAttribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'drunk' in WordNet; however, the COSMO term is more specific for alcohol; under the influence of other substances is 'Intoxicated'. in WordNet: 1. (9) intoxicated, drunk, inebriated - (stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol); 'a noisy crowd of intoxicated sailors'; 'helplessly inebriated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intoxicated . :Drupe :wnsense "drupe1n" ; :wordnet "drupe" ; a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Drupe is a Fruit that has a single seed surrounded by a fleshy part. Examples are a peach, a cherry, or a plum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drupe' in Wordnet: 1. drupe, stone fruit - (fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit . :Dry :isTheOppositeOf :Moist ; :ldoce "dry" ; :wnsense "dry1adj" ; :wordnet "dry" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dry is an attribute of objects and substances that do not lose enough liquid by vaporization on standing in an open space so as to cause a significant change in their properties. This is an Attribute that can be used to reason about the likely stability of an Object or substance on standing in the open. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dry' in WordNet: 1. (20) dry - (free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet; 'dry land'; 'dry clothes'; 'a dry climate'; 'dry splintery boards'; 'a dry river bed'; 'the paint is dry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WetnessAttribute . :DryFood a :FoodType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DryFood' is a Food that has low moisture content, and therefore does not need refrigeration. Typically, it is a granular or powdered substance (condiments such as sugar, salt, pepper, and spices are included), but may consist of multiple larger pieces such as candies or cookies; it can be stored in a FoodTin. Freeze-dried FoodObjects in a sealed packet are not included, this is for solid food that can be poured or spooned. Multiple pieces of a dried food such as beef jerky would be a borderline included substance. NOTE that this is not classified as 'SolidFood' because 'SolidFood' is a solid when eaten; a cereal may be semisolid when liquid is added. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Food . :DryIce :wnsense "dry ice1n" ; :wordnet "dry ice" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DryIce as a substance, the solid form of CarbonDioxide. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dry ice' in WordNet: 1. dry ice - (solidified carbon dioxide; dry ice sublimates at -78.5 C and is used mainly as a refrigerant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarbonDioxide ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cryogenic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DryLand a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DryLand is a LandArea that is not covered with water other than for temporary time periods after a rain or flood. A swamp may be dry at some points,but is not usually considered 'dry land'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dry ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :BodyOfWater . :DryObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DryObject is a SolidObject that does not have a significant content of a liquid that may volatilize so as to significantly change the weight (by more than 10%) or rigidity or functionality after standing in an open space for some time. The category is determined by the moisture content considered as such at the time it was created. RigidObjects that have some surface mosture are still DryObjects. This type is created to allow a reasoner to infer some commonsense information about the consequences of aging of an object. The disjoint alternative is 'MoistObject', which includes objects such as animals and some foods, which change substantially when left in a place where the water content can evaporate without replacement. NOTE that this type applies to types that were dry when they were created: an Organism is a MoiopstObject, but when it reaches the stage where it is a dry skeleton, it becomes a physically dry object, but is still an instance of MoistObject. This type represents a property that is relevant to stability, not necessarily representing the physical character throughout a lifetime.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dry ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :MoistObject . :Dryer :wnsense "drier2n", "dryer1n" ; :wordnet "drier", "dryer" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''ElectricalHouseholdAppliance'' used for drying clothes (especially those that have just been washed). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'drier' in WordNet: 2. dryer, drier - (an appliance that removes moisture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :ElectricalDevice, :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drying ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Drygoods :wnsense "drygoods1n", "soft goods1n" ; :wordnet "drygoods", "soft goods" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One ''PieceOfCloth'' that is a ''ManufacturedGoods''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'drygoods' in WordNet: 1. (3) drygoods, soft goods - (textiles or clothing and related merchandise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :PieceOfCloth . :Drying :en "drying" ; :guid "bd58d388-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dry" ; :wnsense "dry out1v", "dry out3v", "dry1v", "dry2v" ; :wordnet "dry", "dry out" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events in which involves a reduction in the moistness (Water content) of something - either its water content or its surface wetness - by evaporation, absorption (e.g. with towels), or some other process. Typical objects of a #$Drying event include instances of: paint, food, dishes, clothes, humans. The event of a clothes dryer running is a #$Drying. This includes transitive and intransitive senses, which are separate inWN and should be distinguished.. NOTE: the similar SUMO element is not specific for Water,whereas this COSMO type is. For removing other tpes of liquid,use parent ''RemovingaFluid''. SUMO: The Class of Processes where a Liquid is removed from an Object. Includes both transitive and intransitive senses of 'dry' in WordNet: 1. (12) dry, dry out - (remove the moisture from and make dry; 'dry clothes'; 'dry hair') 2. (11) dry, dry out - (become dry or drier; 'The laundry dries in the sun') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingaFluid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :DryingByWiping :en "drying", "wipe dry", "wipe something dry", "wiping something dry" ; :ldoce "dry" ; :wnsense "dry1v" ; :wordnet "dry" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DryingByWiping'' is the Action of wiping an Object with a cloth or towel in order to remove liquid (usually water) from the surface. Includes both transitive and intransitive senses of 'dry' in WordNet: 1. (12) dry, dry out - (remove the moisture from and make dry; 'dry clothes'; 'dry hair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drying, :Wiping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbsorbentObject ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absorption ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Towel ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :DryingClothes :en "drying a fabric object", "drying clothes", "drying clothing" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DryingClothes'' is the Action of subjecting wet or moist clothing (a ''WetFabricObject'') to a process that removes the moisture and makes the clothing more fit to wear (perhaps after pressing). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WetFabricObject ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dryer ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothesline ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wetness ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :DryingDishesWithaTowel :en "drying dishes", "drying dishes with a towel", "wiping dishes dry" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DryingDishesWithaTowel'' is a ''DryingByWiping'' is the Action of wiping dishes and eating utensils with a ''Dishtowel'' to dry them prior to storage. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DryingByWiping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DishTowel ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tableware ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :DryingInTheSun :ldoce "dry" ; :wnsense "dry1v" ; :wordnet "dry" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DryingInTheSun'' is the Action of placing a moist object outdoors where it will be exposed to sunlight for the purpose of drying the most object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drying, :ExposingToTheSun . :DryingOil :wnsense "drying oil1n" ; :wordnet "drying oil" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ WordNet: sense 1 of 'drying oil': in WordNet: 1. drying oil - (an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oil . :DualFinalScore a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DualFinalScore'' is a ''BothScores'' that is a ''FinalScore' > """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BothScores, :FinalScore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :WinningScore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :LosingScore ] . :DualObjectEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'DualObjectProcess' in SUMO. NOTE: This type is broader than the SUMO concet that is restricted to Objects. The two 'objects' (or substances or services) in this type are the dual 'grammatical patients' of an Event, usually inanimate, but possibly animate (as when one person substitutes for another). The two (grammatical) patients of the Event can be Objects, substances, or services (in an exchange of goods for services, in a ''Transaction'' subtype) NOTE: that this is called a ''DualObjectEvent'' to refer to the SUMO entity, but the things in the Pair involved need not be formal 'Object's, they can be Actions or substances. See ''Transaction''. NOTE that the two patients are represented by an ''OrderedPair'', which is ordered to allow for representing the two things involved that may have different Roles from different perspectives. For example, in a trading ''Transaction'' the things traded have different roles from the perspective of the two gents doing the trading (thing given versus thing received), even though they may be of the same type and otherwise not easily distinguishable. For subtypes the thing given should be the first element of the OrderedPair involved. For Actions with two or more agents, see 'MultiAgentAction'. The more general COSMO type ''Interacting'' does not require that the patients be Objects (e,g, ''Reflecting'' is an ''Interacting'' with only one Object, and a wave as the other 'patient'. SUMO: Any Process that requires two, nonidentical patients. The patients must be objects. NOTE that more than two Objects may be involved in such an Event, but the salient Objects will be the two described as characterizing the Event. ******* (subclass DualObjectProcess Process) (documentation DualObjectProcess Any Process that requires two, nonidentical patients.) (=> (instance ?PROCESS DualObjectProcess) (exists (?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) (and (patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ1) (patient ?PROCESS ?OBJ2) (not (equal ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2))))) ***** NOTE: the restriction requires that the participating pair of 'patients' be explicitly mentioned (as an OrderedPair) for each instance of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interacting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrderedPair ] . :DualScoreEvent a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DualScoreEvent'' is a ''SportsEvent'' between two contestant ''SportsTeam''s, each of which has some 'score' at the end of the contest, each score being one component of a ''GameScore''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsCompetition, :SportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SportsTeam ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :IndividualScore ] . :DubbingaMovie :wnsense "dub2v" ; :wordnet "dub" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DubbingaMovie'' is a ''IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate'' in which a ''SoundTrack'' is added to some part (or all) of the video portion. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'dub' in WordNet: 2. (1) dub - (provide (movies) with a soundtrack of a foreign language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingaConceptualWork, :IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CreatingaConceptualWork ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoundTrack ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :Movie ] . :Dubhe a :Star . :DublinIreland :isaSpatialPartOf :IrelandTerritory ; a :CityRegion ; rdfs:comment """DublinIreland is the spatial region containing the physical piece of earth controlled by the city of Dublin in Ireland.""" . :Duchess :guid "c0e7058c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "duchess1n" ; :wordnet "duchess" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all duchesses, or female persons who hold hereditary ducal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy). This excludes a Grand Duchess. See also #$Duke. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duchess' in WordNet: 1. duchess - (the wife of a duke or a woman holding ducal title in her own right) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :HumanRole, :MemberOfTheNobility . :Duck :guid "bd58f890-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "duck" ; :wnsense "duck1n" ; :wordnet "duck" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A subclass of Bird with webbed feet and a large bill. Some ducks live in the wild, and some are raised for meat and/or eggs. The quacking sound of a duck is distinctive and easily recognized. Though some Ducks are domestic (in COSMO ''Fowl'' is domestiated), not all are and Ducks are not specified as either domesticated or wild. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duck' in WordNet: 1. (4) duck - (small wild or domesticated web-footed broad-billed swimming bird usually having a depressed body and short legs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnseriformBird . :DuckWalking :en "duck-walk", "duckwalk", "duckwalking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DuckWalking'' is the act of walking like a duck, waddling left and right, potentially indicating a problem in the hips or knees. One variety is called the 'Trendellenberg gait'. RHW 'duck-walk': to walk like a duck, as with legs apart and feet turned outward. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess, :Waddle . :Duckling :wnsense "duckling2n" ; :wordnet "duckling" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'duckling' in Wordnet: 2. duckling - (young duck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Duck . :Duct :wnsense "canal1n", "channel1n", "duct1n", "epithelial duct1n" ; :wordnet "canal", "channel", "duct", "epithelial duct" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duct' in WordNet: 1. (2) duct, epithelial duct, canal, channel - (a bodily passage or tube lined with epithelial cells and conveying a secretion or other substance; 'the tear duct was obstructed'; 'the alimentary canal'; 'poison is released through a channel in the snake's fangs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ] . :DuctTape :en "duck tape" ; :guid "178d4244-a8e8-41d8-9aa1-e49fadff98e4" ; :wnsense "duct tape1n" ; :wordnet "duct tape" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$DuctTape is a length of strong, fabric-based #$AdhesiveTape, usually silver in color and about two inches wide. Its primary function (cf. #$typePrimaryFunction) is to be used for sealing #$FluidConduits, but consumers have found many other uses for it, such as #$SimpleRepairing and #$ConnectingTogether. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duct tape' in WordNet: 1. duct tape - (a wide silvery adhesive tape intended to seal joints in sheet metal duct work but having many other uses; 'duct tape holds the world together') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdhesiveTape, :Tape, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waterproof ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ductile :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :DrawingIntoaWire ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :DrawingIntoaWire ; :wnsense "ductile2adj", "tensile2adj", "tractile1adj" ; :wordnet "ductile", "tensile", "tractile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ductile''is a subAttribute of ''Malleable'' for solid objects or solid substances that can be drawn out into a wire. Corresponds to part (malleable is a parent type) of adjective sense 2 of 'ductile' in Wordnet: 2. ductile, malleable, pliable, pliant, tensile, tractile - (capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out; 'ductile copper'; 'malleable metals such as gold'; 'they soaked the leather to made it pliable'; 'pliant molten glass'; 'made of highly tensile steel alloy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Malleable . :Ductility :guid "bd589773-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ductileness1n", "ductility1n" ; :wordnet "ductileness", "ductility" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeTypeType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Ductility is a specific capacity of a physical material to be stretched, drawn, or hammered thin without breaking. Different degrees of ductility may be represented using a #$GenericValueFunction. Ductilities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$ductilityOfObject. From Wikipedia: In materials science, ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a similar property, is a material's ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ductility' in WordNet: 1. ductility, ductileness - (the malleability of something that can be drawn into threads or wires or hammered into thin sheets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Malleability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ductile ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :DuctilityMeasure ] . :DuctilityMeasure :en "ductility measure" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DuctilityMeasure'' is a quantitative measure of a material's ability to deform under stress of compression or extension. One Example: (from https://pmpaspeakingofprecision.com/tag/how-ductility-is-measured/) Ductility- As Measured By Tensile Testing December 11, 2014 The ability of a material to deform plastically without fracturing, is called ductility. In the materials usually machined in our shops, ductility is measured by determining the percent of elongation and the percent reduction of area on a specimen during a tensile test. Our earlier post about Ductility showed how ductility can impact our shops. In this post, we will describe how we can measure ductility and use it to predict behavior based on values reported on certs and test reports. The percent elongation and percent reduction of area values shown on our test reports and material certifications from our material suppliers indicate the ductility of the material tested. In the tensile test, a cylindrical specimen is gripped securely and subjected to a uniaxial load and elongated until it breaks. At the end of the test, the pieces of the fractured specimen are fitted back together again and the change of length between the two gage marks put on the specimen before testing is determined. The change is then expressed as a percentage of the original gage length. The percent reduction of area is determined by measuring the minimum diameter of the broken test specimen after the two pieces are fitted together and the difference is expressed as a percentage of the original cross sectional area prior to the test. The differences in measurements after tensile test are used to calculate the % elongation and % reduction of area A minimum of 12% elongation is recommended for consistent, trouble free thread rolling applications. Rolled threads are stronger, so having the ductility to thread roll is important. However, too much ductility makes it difficult to get the chip to separate by cutting. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, :Quantifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ductility ; owl:onProperty :isaValueOf ] . :Dude :wnsense "buster1n", "dude1n", "fellow4n" ; :wordnet "buster", "dude", "fellow" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Informal terms of address (''FormOfAddress'' is a ''Word'') for a ''Man''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dude' in WordNet: 1. fellow, dude, buster - (an informal form of address for a man; 'Say, fellow, what are you doing?'; 'Hey buster, what's up?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Informal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Due :isAnAttributeValueOf :Expectation ; :wnsense "due2adj" ; :wordnet "due" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Due'' is the attribute of something that is ''Expected'' in the near future/ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'due' in WordNet: 2. (1) due - (scheduled to arrive; 'the train is due in 15 minutes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expected . :Dues :en "dues" ; :enn "dues" ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "due2n" ; :wordnet "due" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dues'' is the amount required per unit time to access some service such as membership, whether in an Organization or as a recipient of some privelege such as a discount on goods or services. NOTE: usually used in the plural: 'dues'. RHW 'due': 9. Usually, dues. a regular fee or charge payable at specific intervals, esp. to a group or organization: membership dues. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'due' in WordNet: 2. due - (a payment that is due (e.g., as the price of membership); 'the society dropped him for non-payment of dues') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fee, :PeriodicCharge . :Dug :wnsense "dug1n" ; :wordnet "dug" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dug' in WordNet: 1. dug - (an udder or breast or teat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MammaryGland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleMammal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Duke :guid "bf4984b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "duke1n", "duke2n" ; :wordnet "duke" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all dukes, or male persons who hold hereditary ducal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. This excludes a #$GrandDuke-HeadOfState. See also #$Duchess. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duke' in WordNet: 1. (1) duke - (a British peer of the highest rank) 2. duke - (a nobleman (in various countries) of high rank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :MalePerson, :MemberOfTheNobility . :Dull :isTheOppositeOf :Amusing, :Exciting ; :ldoce "dull" ; :wnsense "dulladj" ; :wordnet "dull" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of events or texts (abstract or physical) that signify that the person experiencing the Event was not stimulated, possibly even bored. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dull' in WordNet: 1. (5) dull - (lacking in liveliness or animation; 'he was so dull at parties'; 'a dull political campaign'; 'a large dull impassive man'; 'dull days with nothing to do'; 'how dull and dreary the world is'; 'fell back into one of her dull moods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Uninteresting . :DullEdged :isTheOppositeOf :Keen ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DullEdged' is an attribute of a cutting instrument that is not as sharp (COSMO 'Keen') as it can and should be. Corresponds to adjective sense 9 of 'dull' in WordNet: 9. dull - (not having a sharp edge or point; 'the knife was too dull to be of any use') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Duly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Correct ; :wnsense "duly1adv", "punctually1adv" ; :wordnet "duly", "punctually" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Duly'' is a subtype of ''Properly'', an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action that is done and signals that the Event being described was performed at the time required or expected. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'duly' in WordNet: 1. (8) punctually, duly - (at the proper time; \"she was duly apprised of the raise\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Properly . :Dumbbell-Weight :guid "c03bb37d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dumbbell1n" ; :wordnet "dumbbell" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of dumbbells, solid metal exercise weights with the weight ends and bar merged into a single piece. NOTE: the end pieces are not necessarily spheres, as in the WN gloss; they can be hexahedral or octahedral or of any other shape, but they have to be at least twice the width of the bar segment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dumbbell' in WordNet: 1. (4) dumbbell - (an exercising weight; two spheres connected by a short bar that serves as a handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreeWeight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeightLifting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Dumbfounded :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Perplexing ; :wnsense "dumbfounded1adj", "dumbstricken1adj", "dumbstruck1adj", "dumfounded1adj", "flabbergasted1adj", "stupefied1adj", "thunderstruck1adj" ; :wordnet "dumbfounded", "dumbstricken", "dumbstruck", "dumfounded", "flabbergasted", "stupefied", "thunderstruck" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A stronger state than ''Surprised'' or ''Shocked-Surprised''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dumbfounded' in Wordnet: 1. dumbfounded, dumfounded, flabbergasted, stupefied, thunderstruck, dumbstruck, dumbstricken - (as if struck dumb with astonishment and surprise; 'a circle of policement stood dumbfounded by her denial of having seen the accident'; 'the flabbergasted aldermen were speechless'; 'was thunderstruck by the news of his promotion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Shocked-Surprised . :DumpingGarbage :eng "dumping" ; :wnsense "dump1v" ; :wordnet "dump" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''DumpingGarbage'' is a 'Discarding' in which some unwanted materials of no or little value are placed in a location usually far from a residence, where it is not expected to be retrieved or reused. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dump' in WordNet: 1. (12) dump - (throw away as refuse; 'No dumping in these woods!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discarding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Garbage-Generic ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :Dumpling :wnsense "dumpling2n" ; :wordnet "dumpling" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the dessert object 'dumpling', not the ball of dough. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dumpling' in Wordnet: 2. dumpling - (dessert made by baking fruit wrapped in pastry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :DessertFood, :SolidFoodArtifact . :Duodenum :guid "bf82c90e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "duodenum1n" ; :wordnet "duodenum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Duodenums. Each instance of this collection is the proximal section of a #$SmallIntestine, extending from the #$PyloricValve to the #$Jejunum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duodenum' in WordNet: 1. duodenum - (the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmallIntestine ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlimentaryCanal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :DuodenumAndIleum :hasComponentElement :Duodenum, :Ileum ; a :Group, :Pair . :DuplexApartment :wnsense "duplex apartment1n", "duplex2n" ; :wordnet "duplex", "duplex apartment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DuplexApartment''' is an ''Apartment'' that is a two-story residence that is one of the two parts of a ''DuplexBuilding'', separated by a common wall. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duplex apartment' in WordNet: 1. duplex apartment, duplex - (an apartment having rooms von two floors that are connected by a staircase) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, :SingleResidenceUnit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DuplexBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :DuplexBuilding :guid "bfa36921-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "duplex house1n", "duplex1n", "semidetached house1n" ; :wordnet "duplex", "duplex house", "semidetached house" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DuplexBuilding'' is a ''ResidentialBuilding'' that contains two ''DuplexApartment''s separated by a vertical wall from roof to basement. In CYC 'Duplex'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duplex house' in WordNet: 1. duplex house, duplex, semidetached house - (a house with two units sharing a common wall) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ResidentialBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DuplexApartment ; owl:maxCardinality "2" ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Duplicate :wnsense "duplicate2n", "duplication1n" ; :wordnet "duplicate", "duplication" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Duplicate'' is a 'Copy' (an Object, Physical or Abstract) that is almot identical to the Original. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duplicate' in WordNet: 2. duplicate, duplication - (a copy that corresponds to an original exactly; 'he made a duplicate for the files') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Copy, :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaCopy ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Duplicating :en "duplicating" ; :wnsense "duplicate3v", "duplication2n" ; :wordnet "duplicate", "duplication" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Duplicating'' is an Event in which some ''Duplicate'' is created. This is a more precise 'copying' than ''MakingaCopy'', produceing a very closely similar ''Duplicate''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'duplicate' in WordNet: 3. duplicate - (make a duplicate or duplicates of; 'Could you please duplicate this letter for me?') WN noun 'duplication': 2. (1) duplication, gemination - (the act of copying or making a duplicate (or duplicates) of something; 'this kind of duplication is wasteful') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaCopy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Duplicate ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Durability :wnsense "durability1n", "enduringness1n", "lastingness1n", "strength1n" ; :wordnet "durability", "enduringness", "lastingness", "strength" ; a :ActionType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'durability' in WordNet: 1. (1) lastingness, durability, enduringness, strength - (permanence by virtue of the power to resist stress or force; 'they advertised the durability of their products') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Durable ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Durable :isAnAttributeValueOf :DurableArtifact, :DurableGood ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :PersistingEvent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :WearingDownFromUse ; :isTheOppositeOf :Flimsy ; :wnsense "durable1adj", "long-wearing1n" ; :wordnet "durable", "long-wearing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Durable'' is an attribute that specifies that some ArtifactObject can last (serve its purpose) longer than other artifacts of the same type (intended purpose). This attribute is relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. Includes but is not limited to adjective sense 2 of 'durable' in WordNet: 2. durable, long-wearing - (serviceable for a long time; 'durable denim jeans') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongLasting, :Resistant . :DurableArtifact a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc, 'DurableGood. We interpret the instances of this class as physical objects; this is not the collective class of goods. Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing (in COSMO, SolidObject). Each instance of #$DurableGood is a solid thing that an agent can use (for some purpose or other) for a number of years. Notable specializations of #$DurableGood include #$Clothing-Generic, #$Ship, #$Roadway, and #$Building. COSMO note of caution: 'Nest' is a subtype, so the 'number of years' should be interpreted as a possibility, not a universal attribute of instances.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood . :DurableGood :guid "bd58cf57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$DurableGood is a solid thing that an agent can use (for some purpose or other) for a number of years. Notable specializations of #$DurableGood include #$Clothing-Generic, #$Ship, #$Roadway, and #$Building.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Durable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dusk :en "twilight time" ; :guid "c0f71446-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crepuscle1n", "crepuscule1n", "dusk1n", "evenfall1n", "gloam1n", "gloaming1n", "nightfall1n", "twilight1n" ; :wordnet "crepuscle", "crepuscule", "dusk", "evenfall", "gloam", "gloaming", "nightfall", "twilight" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dusk'' is the daily recurring ''TimeInterval'' between the setting of the sun and night time, when no evidence of remaining sunlight can be seen on the horizon. NOTE: in CYC (and RHW) 'Twilight' can be either morning or evening. This type is (as in WN) only for the Evening ''Twilight''. RHW 'twilight': 1. the soft, diffused light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon, either from daybreak to sunrise or, more commonly, from sunset to nightfall. 2. the period in the morning or, more commonly, in the evening during which this light prevails. CYC: A specialization of #$QualitativeTimeOfDay. #$Twilight is union of the two collections of events, #$Dawn and #$Dusk. Each #$Twilight is an event during which the sky is indirectly illuminated by the #$Sun, either just before an instance of #$Sunrise or just after an instance of #$Sunset. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dusk' in WordNet: 1. (5) twilight, dusk, gloaming, gloam, nightfall, evenfall, fall, crepuscule, crepuscle - (the time of day immediately following sunset; 'he loved the twilight'; 'they finished before the fall of night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, :TimeOfDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Evening ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SunsetAndNightTime ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Dust :consistsOfManyOf :DustParticle ; :ldoce "dust" ; :wnsense "dust1n" ; :wordnet "dust" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A finely divided solid substance consisting of DustParticles that are suspended in or settle out of the atmosphere. The composition can vary widely; many solid substances can occur in the form of 'Dust' in the air in some outdoor or indoor setting. If an Object has 'Dust' settled on it, it is 'Dusty'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dust' in WordNet: 1. (42) dust - (fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the air; 'the furniture was covered with dust') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture, :ParticulateMatter . :DustCloud :consistsMostlyOfSubstance :SoilDust ; :guid "bd5896e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dust cloud1n" ; :wordnet "dust cloud" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dust Clouds occur when moving air blows dirt into the air. Usually their bottoms are on the ground. They often occur during dust storms, sandstorms, tornados. The dirt particles suspended will separate out once the air stands still for a time. Their transparency is dependent on whether one is experiencing such a cloud (#$AmbientConditionsMt), or describing one in the abstract (#$WeatherProcessMt). Sense 1 of 'dust cloud' in WordNet: 1. (2) dust cloud - (a cloud of dust suspended in the air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CloudlikeObject, :OpaqueObject . :DustCoating a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Coating' of ''Dust''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dust ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :DustDevil :guid "bf1df109-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dust devil1n" ; :wordnet "dust devil" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of small whirlwinds that contain dust or sand. Elements are not as strong as elements of #$Cyclone. COSMO note: this is an Object, not a substance or Event. This is represented as the Dust within a ''Whirlwind''. Noun sense 1 of 'dust devil' in WordNet: 1. dust devil - (a miniature whirlwind strong enough to whip dust and leaves and litter into the air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DynamicObject, :InanimateObject-Natural, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dust ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Whirlwind ; owl:onProperty :isMovedInEvent ] . :DustPan :wnsense "dustpan2n" ; :wordnet "dustpan" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A shallow OpenTopContainer with a handle and, on the end opposite the handle, no lip - so that dust and debris can be swept into it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dustpan' in Wordnet: 2. dustpan - (a short-handled receptacle into which dust can be swept) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpenTopContainer, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweepingIntoaContainer ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :DustParticle :guid "bd58f64b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dust" ; :wnsense "dust3n" ; :wordnet "dust" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: as a ''FineParticle'', it must be less than 1 mm in diameter, and usually is much smaller. But not everything that small is dust. Cyc: The particles which settle on furniture and need to be dusted away, or are blown around in dust storms. In Wordnet, only a plural sense is present this would occur only in phrases such as 'dust particle': in WordNet: 3. dust - (free microscopic particles of solid material; 'astronomers say that the empty space between planets actually contains measurable amounts of dust') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FineParticle . :Dusty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :DustCoating ; :ldoce "dusty" ; :wnsense "dusty1adj" ; :wordnet "dusty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of objects that have dust settled on the surface, usually or mostly on the top surface. The 'dust' can be any finely powdered SolidSubstance, not just routine household dust. Thus fine sawdust or fine marble from a manufacturing operation may settle as dust on nearby surfaces. A 'Dusty' object can usually be cleaned by simple dry wiping. An Object that is not 'Dusty' is not necessarily 'Clean' - it can be soiled by other types of substance. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dusty' in WordNet: 1. (10) dusty, dust-covered - (covered with a layer of dust; 'a dusty pile of books') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dirty . :Dutch :wasCreatedBy :DutchSpeakers ; :wnsense "Dutch2n" ; :wordnet "Dutch" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Dutch' in Wordnet: 2. Dutch - (the West Germanic language of the Netherlands) """ . :DutchSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Dwarf :wnsense "dwarf1n", "midget1n", "nanus1n" ; :wordnet "dwarf", "midget", "nanus" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''Dwarf'' is a ''SmallPerson'' that is much smaller than a a Person of the same age, and when adult typically has height less than for feet. Being a ''Dwarf'' is usually due to a physiological abnormality called 'dwarfism'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dwarf' in WordNet: 1. (1) dwarf, midget, nanus - (a person who is markedly small) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :DwellingSomewhere :ldoce "live" ; :wnsense "dwell3v", "inhabit1v", "live1v" ; :wordnet "dwell", "inhabit", "live" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'DwellingSomewhere' is the PersistentState an Animal, Group of Animals, species, or other animate thing that stays overnight at some location for at least one night, and perhaps for a lifetime. This is a general type meaning 'to live' in the sense of staying for some time, and includes overnight hotel stops, short vacation stops, campig out, visits to other people, or (for groups) typical locations where an animal or species might live. More specific types for people, such as having a residence, are represented as subtypes - see, e.g. 'Residing'. The location can be very specific, such as a nest on a building ledge, or more general, such as in a continent or type of biome. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dwell' and sense 1 of 'live' and sense 1 of 'inhabit'in WordNet: WN verb 'reside': 3. (3) dwell, live, inhabit - (inhabit or live in; 'People lived in Africa millions of years ago'; 'The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted'; 'this kind of fish dwells near the bottom of the ocean') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Living . :DwightDavidEisenhower :died :Date19690528 ; :hasMassInGrams "80000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :wnsense "Dwight D. Eisenhower1n", "Dwight David Eisenhower1n", "Dwight Eisenhower1n", "Eisenhower1n", "Ike1n" ; :wordnet "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "Dwight David Eisenhower", "Dwight Eisenhower", "Eisenhower", "Ike" ; a :DeadPerson, :MalePerson ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Dwight David Eisenhower' in Wordnet: 1. Eisenhower, Dwight Eisenhower, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Dwight David Eisenhower, Ike, President Eisenhower - (United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961)) """ . :Dwindling :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :DwindlingEvent ; :wnsense "dwindling1adj", "tapering off1adj", "tapering3adj" ; :wordnet "dwindling", "tapering", "tapering off" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dwindling' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dwindling, tapering, tapering off - (gradually decreasing until little remains) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decreasing . :DwindlingEvent :eng "dwindling" ; :wnsense "dwindle away1v", "dwindle down1v", "dwindle1v" ; :wordnet "dwindle", "dwindle away", "dwindle down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''DwindlingEvent'' is an Event in which something (objects or attributes) measurable quantitatively decreases gradually, after an initial decrease and approaching a point where none of the original thing is left. This is used specially for things like 'savings' that form a supply of something that can be drawn down and be used up. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'dwindle' in WordNet: 1. (9) dwindle, dwindle away, dwindle down - (become smaller or lose substance; 'Her savings dwindled down') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diminishing . :Dye :guid "3431bcec-6927-41d7-91e0-8fde01a7dec1" ; :wnsense "dye1n", "dyestuff1n" ; :wordnet "dye", "dyestuff" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dye'' is a ''ColoringMaterial'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that is used to make something appear with a specific color, whether only on the surface (as with ''Paint'') or throughout the body of the object or material, such as dyes (e.g. those used in foods and beverages and confections). CYC: The collection of all dye stuff that is used to color materials during a #$Dyeing event Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dye' in WordNet: 1. dye, dyestuff - (a usually soluble substance for staining or coloring e.g. fabrics or hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColoringMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coloring ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Dyeing :guid "c0554c79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dye1v", "dyeing1n" ; :wordnet "dye", "dyeing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which some tangible thing is dyed or stained by an agent or device. COSMO note: this is for intentional 'dyeing' - not staining by accident. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dye' in WordNet: 1. (1) dye - (color with dye; 'Please dye these shoes') WN noun 'dyeing': 1. (1) dyeing - (the use of dye to change the color of something permanently) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coloring, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dye ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :DyingOfBLO :isaSynonymOf :Death ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Cyc term equivalent to COSMO 'Death'. Included here for compatibility with OpenCyc. For the 'dying' process that preecedes Death, see 'DyingProcess'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :DyingProcess :framenet "Dying" ; :hasCorrespondingEvent :Death ; :ldoce "death", "die" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the *process* of an organism 'dying' that ends in Death. It can be used to assert, for example, that 'J is dying of cancer'. If a seemingly morbid process does not result in Death, it is not a 'DyingProcess'. If a 'DyingProcess' is represented, then the event 'Death' must also be represented, and linked by 'hasResult'. The corresponding 'death' may be of much shorter duration than the 'Dying{peocess', but must include a final period when the organism is dead. NOTE that at all times during a 'DyingProcess' the organism is still alive, but immediately after the end of the process, the organism is dead. This corresponds roughly with FrameNet frame 'Dying': A Protagonist is near or approaching death. But a dying patient is still a living patient. NOTE that the WordNet 'die' and 'death' include the end of life, so sre treated as Events, and there is no corresponding WordNet synset. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Death ] . :Dyke :wnsense "butch1n", "dike1n", "dyke1n" ; :wordnet "butch", "dike", "dyke" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """These terms for lesbian women are sometimes considered offensive, but not by all lesbians, e.g. the biker group 'Dykes on Bikes'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dyke' in WordNet: 1. butch, dike, dyke - (offensive terms for a lesbian who is noticeably masculine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lesbian . :Dynamic :wnsense "dynamic1adj", "dynamical1adj" ; :wordnet "dynamic", "dynamical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Dynamic'' is an attribute that is somewhat vague, but suggests but highly active and effectively forceful. Thus,NOT passive nor ineffective. RHW: 1. pertaining to or characterized by energy or effective action; vigorously active or forceful; energetic: the dynamic president of the firm.. @mod45 Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dynamic' in WordNet: 1. (3) dynamic, dynamical - (characterized by action or forcefulness or force of personality; 'a dynamic market'; 'a dynamic speaker'; 'the dynamic president of the firm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Active, :Forceful . :DynamicEnergy :en "dynamic energy" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Energy available from a moving object(s) that can do work in some form. The energy of a rotating flywheel which can be extracted via electricity generation is one example..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energy . :DynamicObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DynamicObject' is a PhysicalObject for which the internal movement of the whole or some part is an essential characteristic and inseparable part of its identity. A prototypical 'DynamicObject' would be a 'HurricaneAsObject'. For each 'DynamicObject' there is a corresponding associated Event that is related to the object by the 'produces' relation such that the corresponding Event 'produces' the 'DynamicObject'. Other examples would be a tornado, a whirlpool, or a dust. This does not include microscopic movements such as biological processes, therefore living things are not instances. Other subtypes of ''DynamicObject'' would be streams of fluid such as jets of gas. See ''JetOfFluid'' A borderline included subtype is 'WaterWave'; motion is part of its identity. This type was added primarily for storms and other inseparable event/object pairs, but other objects in motion have analogous character. For example a simple *necessarily* linear moving thing like a current is not currently a 'DynamicObject', but is (as of rev1107) represented as FunctionalProcesses, even though it has some of the character of a DynamicObject. A current of water is not (as of rev1107) an instance of 'DynamicObject', but might be thus classified. This distinction is not entirely arbitrary; a linear current has a flow rate as one of its salient characteristics, and that is represented as a time derivative, which is one salient characteristic of a FunctionalProcess. NOTE: @ToDo However, characterizing the flowing water that is *part* of a Stream as a 'DynamicObject' could clarify the relation of the stream and its river bed and water. A DynamicObject should exhibit salient characteristics beyond a simple linear flow, as in the case of a tornado which moves up, down, and sideways as well as in a circle. Another object that might be classified as a 'DynamicObject' would be a 'StarSystem' such as the 'SolarSystem', in which the motion of a planet around a star is its essential characteristic. As of rev1107 the implications have not been adequately considered, and this is left for a later revision. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateObject-Natural, :PhysicalObject . :Dynamics :hasSubjectOfStudy :Force, :Motion ; :wnsense "dynamics1n", "kinetics1n" ; :wordnet "dynamics", "kinetics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dynamics'' is the branch of ''Mechanics'' concerned with the motion of PhysicalObjects under arious forces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dynamics' in WordNet: 1. (1) dynamics, kinetics - (the branch of mechanics concerned with the forces that cause motions of bodies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanics . :Dynamite :wnsense "dynamite1n" ; :wordnet "dynamite" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An explosive substance used commonly in civilian excavation and construction applications, consisting of nitroglycerine and some solid Absorbent such as sawdust or diatomaceous earth. This is for the original meaning pd 'dynamite', not the more recentone indicated in the RHW gloss (ammonium nitrate is not a 'high explosive'). RHW: a high explosive, originally consisting of nitroglycerin mixed with an absorbent substance, now with ammonium nitrate usually replacing the nitroglycerin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dynamite' in Wordnet: 1. (1) dynamite - (an explosive containing nitrate sensitized with nitroglycerin absorbed on wood pulp) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplosiveSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nitroglycerine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Dynasty :wnsense "dynasty1n" ; :wordnet "dynasty" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dynasty'' is a subgroup of a 'FamilyLine'' (a ''KinshipGroup''), each of which is a descendent of another in the ''Dynasty'' and each of which is a ''Leader'' of some group. This is usually used for Leaders of nations, but can be other types of prminent leaders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dynasty' in WordNet: 1. (1) dynasty - (a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FamilyLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Leader ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Dysfunctional :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :DysfunctionalCondition ; :wnsense "dysfunctional1adj" ; :wordnet "dysfunctional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dysfunctional' in Wordnet: 1. dysfunctional - (impaired in function; especially of a bodily system or organ) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abnormal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DysfunctionalCondition ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState ] . :DysfunctionalCondition :guid "e9ed2ff2-8ad9-41d7-9fbc-c5d588253797" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of #$SystemConditions which are dysfunctional for the system they affect. An dysfunctional condition is one which impairs the functioning of the system. For example, the function of an artery is to allow blood to flow to a part of the body, so that a blockage of the artery will constitute an abnormal condition of the artery to the extent that it reduces the flow of blood to that part of the body. The subtypes are ''Malfunctioning' - functioning, but not as well as usual or expected or designed Inoperability - total lack of function for the Device or Organ or part that is ''Inoperable''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbnormalCondition . :Dyslectic :wnsense "dyslectic1n" ; :wordnet "dyslectic" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Dyslectic'' is a Person who suffers from ''Dyslexia''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dyslectic' in WordNet: 1. dyslectic - (a person who has dyslexia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole . :Dyslexia :guid "bfe1e70a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dyslexia1n" ; :wordnet "dyslexia" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ailment in which a Person has dificulty reading due to a faulty processing of visual images of written material. CYC: #$Dyslexia is the collection of instances of #$PhysiologicalCondition which adversely affect a person's ability to read. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dyslexia' in WordNet: 1. dyslexia - (impaired ability to learn to read) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dyslexic ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dyslexic ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reading ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Dyslexic :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Dyslexia ; :wnsense "dyslectic1adj", "dyslexic2adj" ; :wordnet "dyslectic", "dyslexic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dyslexic'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who suffers from ''Dyslexia'', leading to diffculty reading and consequent difficulty in learning. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dyslexic' in Wordnet: 2. dyslectic, dyslexic - (having impaired ability to comprehend written words usually associated with a neurologic disorder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Dysphemism :wnsense "dysphemism1n" ; :wordnet "dysphemism" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dysphemism' in WordNet: 1. dysphemism - (an offensive or disparaging expression that is substituted for an inoffensive one; \"his favorite dysphemism was to ask for axle grease when he wanted butter\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Dysprosium :guid "bfc061d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "66"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Dy1n", "dysprosium1n" ; :wordnet "Dy", "dysprosium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dysprosium'' is a metallic element, of the rare earth group. Each atom has 66 protons in the nucleus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dysprosium' in WordNet: 1. dysprosium, Dy, atomic number 66 - (a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; forms compounds that are highly magnetic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RareEarthElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :EMailAddress :en "e-mail address", "email address" ; :enn "e-mail address", "email address" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EMailAddress'' is a string that has the address of a person or other agent in the standardized e-mail format: name@domain Where the 'name' can be anything and the 'domain' has to end in one of the recognized formats: .com, .edu; .org; .biz; or any other maintained by the internet controlling authority of the moment. The '@' symbol is pronojnced as \"at\" when describing this address orally, and the '.' is pronounced as \"dot\". e.g. cassidy@micra.com is \"cassidy at micra dot com'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddressString . :EMailCommunication :guid "a2db2d33-475a-11d6-8411-0002b34b8539" ; :wnsense "e-mail1n", "e-mail1v", "electronic mail1n", "email1n", "email1v", "netmail1v" ; :wordnet "e-mail", "electronic mail", "email", "netmail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of (#$CommunicatingByMeansOfFn #$ComputerNetwork). Each instance of #$EMailCommunication is an event in which an e-mail message is successfully sent and received. Thus every instance of #$EMailCommunication has as sub-events both at least one instance of #$EMailSending and at least one instance of #$EMailReceiving. Important specializations include #$SingleEMailCommunication, #$MassEMailCommunication and #$EMailMailingListCommunication. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'email' in WordNet: 1. electronic mail, e-mail, email - ((computer science) a system of world-wide electronic communication in which a computer user can compose a message at one terminal that is generated at the recipient's terminal when he logs in) WN verb '-mail': 1. e-mail, email, netmail - (communicate electronically on the computer; 'she e-mailed me the good news') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternetCommunication, :LinguisticCommunication . :EMailMessage :en "e-mail", "e-mail message", "email" ; :guid "be02036f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A subcollection of #$ComputerAIS, #$EMailMessage is the collection of all email message information structures. They are generally composed of several parts: an instance of #$EMailMessageText, a header containing instances of #$EMailAddress that correspond to the sender and recipient of the message, and sometimes instances of #$ComputerFile-AIS which are attached (see #$attachedToEMail). RHW sese 2 of 'e-mail': a message sent by e-mail: 'Send me an e-mail on the idea.' No obvious WN sense for this.??? WN 'email'seems to be the system. electronic mail """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractInformationStore, :Message, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :EMailCommunication ] . :ENG_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for words and phrases of the English language. Phrases will have an underscore in place of a space (the first underscore after 'ENG' is part of the prefix, not part of the represented word). A double underscore will represent one underscore. There is no way to represent multiple spaces between words of a phrase. To represent words containing characters that are not allowed in an OWL entity name, a data property such as 'hasName' or a more language-specific property such as 'en' can be used to point to the character string that properly represents the word..""" . :ENG_All_religions_are_worthy :hasComponentElement :ENG_worthy ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Ancestors a :Word . :ENG_Ancestors_should_be_worshiped :hasComponentElement :ENG_Ancestors ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Buddha a :Word . :ENG_Buddha_is_the_teacher :hasComponentElement :ENG_Buddha ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_God a :Word . :ENG_God_does_not_exist :hasComponentElement :ENG_God ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_God_may_or_may_not_exist :hasComponentElement :ENG_God ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_JFK_is_Alive :hasComponentElement :is-verb ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_JFK_is_Dead :hasComponentElement :is-verb ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Jains a :Word . :ENG_Jains_should_follow_the_teachings_of_the_Tirthankaras :hasComponentElement :ENG_Jains ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Jesus a :Word . :ENG_Jesus_Christ_is_God :hasComponentElement :ENG_Jesus ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Life a :Word . :ENG_Life_should_be_simple :hasComponentElement :ENG_Life ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Luther a :Word . :ENG_Management_by_Presbyters_is_best :hasComponentElement :ENG_Presbyters ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Martin_Luther_was_right :hasComponentElement :ENG_Luther ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Mohammed a :Word . :ENG_Mohammed_is_Gods_prophet :hasComponentElement :ENG_Mohammed ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Natural_objects_have_souls :hasComponentElement :ENG_souls ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Pope a :Word . :ENG_Presbyters a :Word . :ENG_Rabbit a :Word . :ENG_Self-knowledge a :Word . :ENG_Self-knowledge_is_good :hasComponentElement :ENG_Self-knowledge ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Spirits a :Word . :ENG_Spirits_survive_death :hasComponentElement :ENG_Spirits ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Tamberlane a :NameString . :ENG_The_Pope_is_Gods_representative :hasComponentElement :ENG_Pope ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_The_Pope_is_not_Gods_representative :hasComponentElement :ENG_Pope ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_There_are_many_gods :hasComponentElement :ENG_many ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_There_is_only_one_God :hasComponentElement :ENG_God ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :ENG_Timur a :NameString . :ENG_Timur_Leng a :NameString . :ENG_accept a :Word . :ENG_best :hasPositiveForm :ENG_good ; :ldoce "best" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SuperlativeAdjective . :ENG_better :hasPositiveForm :ENG_good ; :ldoce "better" ; a :ComparativeAdjective, :LogicalFunction . :ENG_central :ldoce "central" ; :wnsense "central1adj", "central4adj" ; :wordnet "central" ; a :Adjective, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'ENG_central' is an Adjective that has a broad range of meanings - requiring careful disambiguation; one of those meanings is the attribute 'Central'. The senses 2 and 4 referring to a 'Center' can be distinguished logically from the others, and is represented by the attribute 'Central'. Includes all four adjective senses of 'central' in WordNet, but for senses 2 and 3 use 'Central': in WordNet: 1. (11) cardinal, central, fundamental, key, primal - (serving as an essential component; 'a cardinal rule'; 'the central cause of the problem'; 'an example that was fundamental to the argument'; 'computers are fundamental to modern industrial structure') 2. (7) central - (in or near a center or constituting a center; the inner area; 'a central position'; 'central heating and air conditioning') 3. (4) central - (used in the description of a place that in the middle of another place; 'the people of Central and Northern Europe'; 'country in central Africa') 4. central - (centrally located and easy to reach; 'the central city has good bus service'; 'the shop has a central location') """ . :ENG_crime a :Word . :ENG_good :assertsAttributeOrType :Good ; a :PositiveAdjective ; rdfs:comment """The English word 'good' that asserts the AttributeValue 'Good' to types and instances that is modifies.""" . :ENG_know a :Word . :ENG_many a :Word . :ENG_smooth :assertsAttributeOrType :Smooth ; a :PositiveAdjective ; rdfs:comment """The English word 'smooth' that asserts the AttributeValue 'Smooth' to types and instances that is modifies.""" . :ENG_smoother :hasPositiveForm :ENG_smooth ; :ldoce "smoother" ; a :ComparativeAdjective, :LogicalFunction . :ENG_souls a :Word . :ENG_worthy a :Word . :ENG_writing a :Participle . :ENG_written a :Participle . :EN_each :ldoce "each" ; a :Determiner, :LogicalFunction . :ER_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used to label instances of ExclusiveNumberRange, in which the first (lower) number is excluded from the range, and the second (higher) number is included, To represent a range of more than on-half to 1, the NumberRange 'ER_0.5-1' could be defined.""" . :hasLowerLimit "0.0"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "0.5"^^xsd:float ; a :ExclusiveNumberRange, :LessThanHalf ; rdfs:comment """A NumberRange in which the lower number of the range is 0.0 and the upper number is less than or equal to 0.5. This number range can be used to represent probabilities (e.g. 'unikely') that are lower than 0.5, i.e. things that are not 'ikely'.""" . :hasLowerLimit "0.5"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "1.0"^^xsd:float ; a :ExclusiveNumberRange, :GreaterThanHalf ; rdfs:comment """A NumberRange in which the lower number of the range is greater than 0.5 and the upper number is less than or equal to 1.0. This number range can be used to represent probabilities (e.g. 'Likely') that exceed 0.5, i.e. things that are more probable than not.""" . :hasLowerLimit "0.95"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "1.0"^^xsd:float ; a :ExclusiveNumberRange, :GreaterThanHalf ; rdfs:comment """A NumberRange in which the lower number of the range is 0.95 and the upper number is less than or equal to 1.0. This number range can be used to represent probabilities (e.g. 'SureToOccur') that exceed 0.95, i.e. things that are highly likely.""" . :ESP :wnsense "E.S.P1n", "ESP1n", "clairvoyance1n", "extrasensory perception1n", "second sight1n" ; :wordnet "E.S.P", "ESP", "clairvoyance", "extrasensory perception", "second sight" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Extrasensory perception and related claims. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ESP' in WordNet: 1. clairvoyance, second sight, extrasensory perception, E.S.P., ESP - (apparent power to perceive things that are not present to the senses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ParanormalEvent . :ETHNIC_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix 'ETHNIC_' is used in for words that symbolize ethnicities. For example, ETHNIC_Hispanic would the the code value for the ethnicity of an Hispanic person or group. """ . :Each :en "each and every" ; :ldoce "each" ; :wnsense "each1adj" ; :wordnet "each" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :VerbalQuantifier, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Each'' is a subclass of 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' serving as a quantifier that specifies 'every' member of some Group to have an attribute or be affected by some Event, but to assign the meanings individually, not to the Group. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'each' in Wordnet: 1. each - ((used of count nouns) every one considered individually; 'each person is mortal'; 'each party is welcome') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighValued, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute . :Eager :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Eagerness ; :ldoce "eager" ; :wnsense "avid2adj", "eager1adj", "great6adj", "zealous1adj" ; :wordnet "avid", "eager", "great", "zealous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Eagerness. NOTE: there are differences in usage of the terms in these two synsets, but expressing them in logic will require more examples of usage. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'eager' in WordNet: 1. (20) eager - (having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy; 'eager to learn'; 'eager to travel abroad'; 'eager for success'; 'eager helpers'; 'an eager look') WN adj 'avid': 2. avid, great, eager, zealous - (marked by active interest and enthusiasm; \"an avid sports fan\"; \"a great walker\"; \"an eager beaver\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Willing . :Eagerly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Eager ; :wnsense "eagerly1adv", "thirstily1adv" ; :wordnet "eagerly", "thirstily" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eagerly'' is an AdverbialModifier that Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'eagerly' in Wordnet: 1. (6) eagerly, thirstily - (with eagerness; in an eager manner; 'the news was eagerly awaited') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Eagerness :guid "c010d0dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "avidity1n", "avidness1n", "eagerness1n", "keenness2n" ; :wordnet "avidity", "avidness", "eagerness", "keenness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Intensely desiring something; impatiently expectant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eagerness' in Wordnet: 1. (5) eagerness, avidity, avidness, keenness - (a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eager ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Eagle :guid "bd5886a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bird of Jove1n", "eagle1n" ; :wordnet "bird of Jove", "eagle" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all eagles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eagle' in WordNet: 1. (3) eagle, bird of Jove - (any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirdOfPrey . :Ear :guid "bd58cbd3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Head ; :ldoce "ear" ; :wnsense "ear1n" ; :wordnet "ear" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The organ of hearing, which occur in pairs on most animals. This type includes not only the outer protrusion but also the inner canal that contains the hairs that detect the sound. SUMO: The Organ of hearing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ear' in WordNet: 1. (36) ear - (the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalOrgan, :Protrusion, :VibrationThroughAMediumSensor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :EarCanal :wnsense "ear canal1n" ; :wordnet "ear canal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''EarCanal''is a ''Meatus'' (a 'BodyPassageway') from the outer ear to the tympanic membrane. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ear canal' in WordNet: 1. auditory meatus, acoustic meatus, ear canal, auditory canal, external auditory canal - (either of the passages in the outer ear from the auricle to the tympanic membrane) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPassageway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterEarAndEardrum ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :EarOfCorn :isObtainedFrom :CornPlant ; :ldoce "corn" ; :wnsense "corn3n" ; :wordnet "corn" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ripe ear of the CornPlant, having many Corn-SingleGrains on it. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'corn' in WordNet; the Wordnet sense is interpreted as a single ear of corn: in WordNet: 3. (1) corn, edible corn - (ears of corn grown for human food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicObject . :EarPiece :wnsense "earphone1n", "earpiece1n", "headphone1n", "phone3n" ; :wordnet "earphone", "earpiece", "headphone", "phone" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the generic ''EarPiece' that is a part of a larger Device and is designed to be inserted into the outer part of the EarCanal to transmit sounds.It can be an electrical device in itself,, as with some small ''ElectronicHearingAid''s, or merely the end piece of a device that transmits sounds through a tubular arrangement,as in a ''Stethoscope'' or an antiquated 'ear trumpet' horn-like device. Electrical and non-electrical EarPieces can be subtypes when needed. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'earpiece' in WordNet: 1. earphone, earpiece, headphone, phone - (electro-acoustic transducer for converting electric signals into sounds; it is held over or inserted into the ear; 'it was not the typing but the earphones that she disliked') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :MarbleSizedObject, :SomethingToWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarCanal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :EarPlug :en "ear plug", "earplug" ; :guid "bf642823-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of ear plugs. This collection includes swimming ear plugs, plugs designed to reduce noise, and any other sort of ear plug. No WordNet entry(?) RHW: a plug of soft, pliable material inserted into the opening of the outer ear, esp. to keep out water or noise. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :ProtectiveObject, :SomethingToWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarCanal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Earache :wnsense "earache1n" ; :wordnet "earache" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ache that appears to be located inside the ''Ear''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earache' in Wordnet: 1. earache, otalgia - (an ache localized in the middle or inner ear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ache, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ear ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :Eardrum :guid "bd58cc5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eardrum1n", "myringa1n", "tympanic membrane1n", "tympanum2n" ; :wordnet "eardrum", "myringa", "tympanic membrane", "tympanum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The tight thin skin inside the ear, which makes one hear the sound waves that beat against it. The sound waves coming into the ear are transmitted from the eardrum first to the ''Malleus'' bone, which directly contacts the ''Eardrum'', and then through the indcus and stapes bones further in, to the Cochlea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eardrum' in WordNet: 1. eardrum, tympanum, tympanic membrane, myringa - (the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalAnatomicalPart, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :TissueMembrane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malleus ; owl:onProperty :touchesDirectly ] . :EaredSeal :guid "513f2522-60a7-41d8-98ce-8560e1713894" ; :wnsense "eared seal1n" ; :wordnet "eared seal" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, :BiologicalFamily, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Those #$Seal-Animals that have external ears. #$EaredSeals constitute the #$BiologicalFamily Otariidae. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eared seal' in WordNet: 1. eared seal - (pinniped mammal having external ear flaps and hind limbs used for locomotion on land; valued for its soft underfur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seal-Animal . :Earl :guid "c055c346-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "earl1n" ; :wordnet "earl" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all earls, or male persons who hold hereditary count title in the systems of nobility of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. This is distinct from a European count, though of equal rank. See also #$Count-Nobleman and #$Countess. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earl' in WordNet: 1. (1) earl - (a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeerNoble . :Earlobe :guid "bd58e086-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ear lobe1n", "earlobe1n" ; :wordnet "ear lobe", "earlobe" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all earlobes. Each member of this collection is the non-convoluted fleshy portion of an #$Pinna, being the lowest portion of an #$ExternalEar. In medical terminology these are 'ear lobules'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earlobe' in WordNet: 1. earlobe, ear lobe - (the fleshy pendulous part of the external human ear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ear ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :EarlySettlement :wnsense "colony1n", "settlement1n" ; :wordnet "colony", "settlement" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An early stage of formation of a GeopoliticalEntity, less formally organized than a modern city or state. A Settlement may be a colony, especially in its early stages; a small community, village, or group of houses in a thinly populated area, or a community formed and populated by members of a particular religious or ideological group: for example, a 'Shaker settlement'. An EarlySettlement may or may not be sufficiently organized to qualify as a 'GeopoliticalEntity' having a Government. This type includes three senses of settlement' in RHW: 8. a colony, esp. in its early stages. 9. a small community, village, or group of houses in a thinly populated area. 10. a community formed and populated by members of a particular religious or ideological group: a Shaker settlement. The process of settlement is not yet formalized in COSMO. The broader sense of 'Settlement' including all sizes and stages of more or less organized local inhabitants, use parent ''PopulatedPlace'' NOTE: WN 'settlement' is a GroupOfPeople, but this type is for the location where such people live. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'settlement' in WordNet: 1. (7) colony, settlement - (a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopulatedPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Settler ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ] . :Earmarking :wnsense "allow4v", "appropriate1v", "earmark1v", "reserve2v", "set aside1v" ; :wordnet "allow", "appropriate", "earmark", "reserve", "set aside" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Earmarking'' is an Action in which an agent assigns a specific purpose to some Object (including a MoneyObject) and thereby sets it aside and prevents incompatible uses. The terms used for this concept include 'set aside', 'dedicate', assign, allot, 'reserve', 'appropriate', 'devote', 'give over to'. *NOTE* the main distinction between ''Earmarking'' and the parent type ''Reserving'' is that the ''DesiredFutureUse'' is already known at the time the reserving is done. Includes verb sense 1 of 'earmark' and part of verb sense 1 of 'devote' and part of sense 1 of 'dedicate' in WordNet: 1. allow, appropriate, earmark, set aside, reserve - (give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause; 'I will earmark this money for your research'; 'She sets aside time for meditation every day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningEvent, :KeepingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesiredFutureUse ] . :Earnest :isTheOppositeOf :Lighthearted ; :wnsense "earnest1adj", "sincere2adj", "solemn2adj" ; :wordnet "earnest", "sincere", "solemn" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earnest' in WordNet: 1. (2) earnest, sincere, solemn - (characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions; 'both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate'; 'an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant'; 'a film with a solemn social message') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :Earnestly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Earnest ; :wnsense "earnestly1adv", "in earnest1adv", "seriously1adv" ; :wordnet "earnestly", "in earnest", "seriously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Earnestly'' is an that can be used as an adverb of manner ('spoke earnestly'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earnestly' in WordNet: 1. (2) seriously, earnestly, in earnest - (in a serious manner; 'talking earnestly with his son'; 'she started studying snakes in earnest'; 'a play dealing seriously with the question of divorce') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :EarningSomething :en "earning" ; :ldoce "earn" ; :wnsense "bring in2v", "clear15v", "earn1v", "gain8v", "make10v", "pull in2v", "realise1v", "realize4v", "take in10v" ; :wordnet "bring in", "clear", "earn", "gain", "make", "pull in", "realise", "realize", "take in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """EarningSomething is an Action that an Agent takes which results in a 'DeservingSomething' state. This is very broad, and it could be 'earning' recognition, an award (Medal of Honor), money, applause, whatever. Usually (but not always, the earner receives the thing earned, so the restriction requires that the thing that should be received be specified, via a 'Receiving' Event (which may be a 'DesiredFutureSituation'). Corresponds to verb sense1 of 'earn' in WordNet: 1. (19) gain, take in, clear, make, earn, realize, realise, pull in, bring in - (earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages; 'How much do you make a month in your new job?'; 'She earns a lot in her new job'; 'this merger brought in lots of money'; 'He clears $5,000 each month') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GainingSomething, :GarneringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Receiving ] . :EarningaProfit :en "being profitable", "earn a profit", "earning a profit", "make a profit", "producing a profit" ; :wnsense "profit2v", "turn a profit1v" ; :wordnet "profit", "turn a profit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EarningaProfit'' is a ''EarningSomething'' in which the Action produces a ''Profit'' in the form of some Object that is or is easiy converted into a ''MoneyObject'' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'profit' in WordNet: 2. (2) profit, turn a profit - (make a profit; gain money or materially; 'The company has not profited from the merger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarningSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Profit ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReceivingMoney ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Profitable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Earring :guid "bd58974b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "earring1n" ; :wordnet "earring" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Earring-Jewelry': The collection of earrings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earring' in WordNet: 1. earring - (jewelry to ornament the ear; usually clipped to the earlobe or fastened through a hole in the lobe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :Jewelry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earlobe ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Earth :en "planet Earth", "the globe", "the whole world", "the world" ; :hasMassInGrams "5.9736E27"^^xsd:float ; :isaComponentElementOf :SolarSystem ; :ldoce "earth", "world" ; :wnsense "Earth1n", "world4n" ; :wordnet "Earth", "world" ; a :Planet-Generic, :SolidObject ; rdfs:comment """The Planet Earth, orbiting Sol. The planet where humans evolved. By COSMO convention, the Earth is not located in the OuterSpaceVacuum, which includes all parts of the Universe that does *not* include the Earth. Some Properties of the Earth (http://www.rwic.und.edu/unitconversions.php) Mass of the earth = 5.98E24 kg Mass of the oceans = 1.32E21 kg Mass of the earth's atmosphere = 5.29E18 kg Mean radius of the earth = 6371 km Mean distance between earth and the sun = 149.7E6 km Mean gravitational acceleration at earth's surface = 9.807 m/s(squared) Speed of rotation of a surface point on the earth's equator = 460 m/s Angular velocity of the earth = 7.29E-5 /s Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Earth' and sense 4 of 'world' in WordNet: 1. (57) Earth, world, globe - (the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on; 'the Earth moves around the sun'; 'he sailed around the world') """ . :EarthAndTheSun :hasComponentElement :Earth, :Sol ; a :GenericLocation, :PairOfObjects . :EarthHemisphere :en "Earth hemisphere" ; :guid "bd58f685-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hemisphere1n" ; :wordnet "hemisphere" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GeographicalArea (a PhysicalObject) that consists of one-half of the Earth's surface, divided form the other half by a circumferential circle that can be any line of latitude, or the equator, or any circle at an angle to a latitude line. The most common instances of EarthHemisphere are the EasternHemisphere, WesternHemisphere, NorthernHemisphere and SouthernHemisphere. Approximately the same as CYC 'GeographicalHemisphere': the 4 ways the earth has been divided in half-- Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western @ToDo: The mass is specified as unknown ('-1'), but might be calculated from the mass of the Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hemisphere' in WordNet: 1. (5) hemisphere - (half of the terrestrial globe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immobile ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :EarthMovingVehicle :guid "bd596847-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$EarthMovingVehicle is a specialization of #$ConstructionVehicle. Each instance of #$EarthMovingVehicle is a heavy construction vehicle that is used to alter the shape of a region's terrain by moving around large quantities of earth, rocks, and so forth. Often, #$EarthMovingVehicles are used in road construction, but they can also be used to prepare construction sites, erect barricades, excavate in strip mines or demolition sites, etc. They are powered by internal combustion engines and either have wheels or treads like tanks.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionVehicle, :MaterialTransporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excavating ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :EarthPole :ldoce "pole" ; :wnsense "pole7n" ; :wordnet "pole" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'EarthPole' is one of the two 'PlanetaryPoles' on the Earth. This is a ''GeographicalPoint'' so it cannot be a ''LineOfLatitude''. NOTE: Since it was discovered that the actual poles of the Earth (and presumably other planets) can move somewhat from year to year, this notion is somewhat ambiguous. It is possible to fix a pole at some particular point in time, and refer to that pole; or to refer to the (estimated) instantaneous location of the pole at the current time. The EarthPoles of the WGS84 datum are instances of the subtype 'WGS84Pole' (which see). Corresponds to sense 7 of 'pole' in WordNet, 7. pole - (one of two antipodal points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the Earth's surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalPoint, :PlanetaryPole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immobile ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EarthScience :wnsense "earth science1n" ; :wordnet "earth science" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EarthScience'' is any of the ''Science''s that study the Earth and processes in or on it. The subdivisions listed in WordNet are: # paleontology, palaeontology, fossilology - (the earth science that studies fossil organisms and related remains) # geology - (a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks) # meteorology - (the earth science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere (especially weather)) # oceanography, oceanology - (the branch of science dealing with physical and biological aspects of the oceans) # limnology - (the scientific study of bodies of fresh water for their biological and physical and geological properties) # geography, geographics - (study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earth science' in WordNet: 1. earth science - (any of the sciences that deal with the earth or its parts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :EarthSurfaceObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''EarthSurfaceObject'' is a PhysicalObject that is located at or near the surface of the Earth. This can be small and of little significance - a tree in the ground, a doghouse. This type is useful only to provide some additional constraining context for things whose location on the Earth might not otherwise be clear. For larger geographical features, use the subtype ''GeographicalObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :LocationType :GeographicalArea ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthSurfaceRegion ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :EarthSurfaceRegion :isLocatedAt :Earth ; a :GeographicalRegion ; rdfs:comment """''EarthSurfaceRegion'' is the instance of ''GeographicalRegion'' that comprises the whole of Earth's surface. """ . :Earthly :contrastsWith :Spiritual ; :pertainsTo :Earth, :HumanActivity, :RealWorld ; :wnsense "earthly1adj" ; :wordnet "earthly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Earthly'' is an AttributeValue Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'earthly' in Wordnet: 1. earthly - (of or belonging to or characteristic of this earth as distinguished from heaven; 'earthly beings'; 'believed that our earthly life is all that matters'; 'earthly love'; 'our earthly home') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Earthquake :guid "c10058a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "earthquake1n", "quake1n", "seism1n", "temblor1n" ; :wordnet "earthquake", "quake", "seism", "temblor" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$NaturalHazard. Each instance of #$Earthquake is an event in which the earth's surface shakes as a consequence of violent seismic activity. NOTE: not all Earthquakes are destructive. For the destructive kind that can be classified as a ''NaturalDisaster'' use ''DestructiveEarthquake''. Those will usually have a strength greater than 5 on the Richter scale. SUMO: Earthquake is the class of events in which the earth shakes while its layers readjust due to tensional stresses in the surface of the earth. A single earthquake may consist of one or more EarthTremors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'earthquake' in Wordnet: 1. (17) earthquake, quake, temblor, seism - (shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing, :ShakingMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Planet-Generic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DangerousSituation ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Avalanche ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :EarthsAtmosphere :consistsMostlyOfSubstance :Air ; :hasMassInGrams "53E20"^^xsd:float ; :occupiesTheRegion :EarthsAtmosphereRegion ; :wnsense "air7n", "atmosphere3n" ; :wordnet "air", "atmosphere" ; a :GaseousObject ; rdfs:comment """This represents all and any part, indoors or outdoors, of the Air surrounding the Earth from its outer limits to any pint on or under the surface of the Earth where the Air can penetrate. The first 50 miles (80 km) of the Earth's atmosphere contain over 99% of its mass. Calculated according to their relative volumes, the gaseous constituents of the atmosphere are nitrogen, 78.09%; oxygen, 20.95%; argon, 0.93%; carbon dioxide, 0.03%; and minute traces of neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, xenon, and ozone. The lower atmosphere contains varying amounts of water vapor, which determine its humidity. At the height of 12-13 miles there is a layer with a relatively high concentration of ozone. The mass estimate is from: http://www.answers.com/topic/atmosphere. The number in Wikipedia and several other sources center around 5E21 grams. For comparison, the mass of the Earth is 5.98E27 grams. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'atmosphere' in Wordnet: 3. (9) atmosphere, air - (the mass of air surrounding the Earth; 'there was great heat as the comet entered the atmosphere'; 'it was exposed to the air') """ . :EarthsAtmosphereRegion a :FreeSpaceRegion, :GeographicalRegion ; rdfs:comment """EarthsAtmosphereRegion is that region including all the places above the surface of the Earth, outside of a building, but not beyond the atmosphere (whose limit is ca. 100 miles up). It is any outdoor place that an airplane or a bird or an insect can fly. This is not the object that consists of the atmosphere, but is a location defined by the location of the atmosphere, and therefore defined by the location of the Earth. This will be used mostly to describe the region in which aircraft fly.""" . :EarthsGeoid :en "WGS84", "datum" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """EarthsGeoid is any of the standard 'datums' representing the 'surface' of the Earth at zero elevation, that may be defined, and used as reference for geographical locations and altitudes above sea level. RHW: 'an imaginary surface that coincides with mean sea level in the ocean and its extension through the continents.' The standard geoid now in most common use is WGS84: (see 'WGS84', the instance) (from Wikipedia) WGS 84 is the World Geodetic System of 1984. It is the reference frame used by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and is defined by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) (formerly the National Imagery and Mapping Agency) (formerly the Defense Mapping Agency). WGS 84 is used by DoD for all its mapping, charting, surveying, and navigation needs, including its GPS 'broadcast' and 'precise' orbits. WGS 84 was defined in January 1987 using Doppler satellite surveying techniques. It was used as the reference frame for broadcast GPS Ephemerides (orbits) beginning January 23, 1987. At 0000 GMT January 2, 1994, WGS 84 was upgraded in accuracy using GPS measurements. The formal name then became WGS 84 (G730), since the upgrade date coincided with the start of GPS Week 730. It became the reference frame for broadcast orbits on June 28, 1994. At 0000 GMT September 30, 1996 (the start of GPS Week 873), WGS 84 was redefined again and was more closely aligned with International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 94. It is now formally called WGS 84 (G873). WGS 84 (G873) was adopted as the reference frame for broadcast orbits on January 29, 1997. (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/faq.shtml#WGS84 ) The WGS84 datum, which is almost identical to the NAD83 datum used in North America, is the only world referencing system in place today. WGS84 is the default standard datum for coordinates stored in recreational and commercial GPS units.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion . :EarthsMoon :en "Luna", "the moon" ; :hasMassInGrams "7.347E25"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "moon" ; :orbits :Earth ; :wnsense "moon1n" ; :wordnet "moon" ; a :Moon ; rdfs:comment """The Earth's only moon, Luna. It has a mass about 0.0123 that of the Earth. Usually referred to as 'the moon'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moon' in WordNet: 1. (30) Moon - (the natural satellite of the Earth; 'the average distance to the moon is 384,400 kilometers'; 'men first stepped on the moon in 1969') """ . :EarthsSurface :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :Ground, :Place ; rdfs:comment """The entire surface of the Earth, considered as a piece of Ground (including ground under water). This includes the Ground at least to the depth of the deepest Well - a Well is located at the EarthsSurface. """ . :Easel :wnsense "easel1n" ; :wordnet "easel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Easel'' is a ''Tripod' used to hold pictures or posters at a height sufficient for peope sitted at a tab to see them - at least three feet at the bottom. Used to support pictures in various situations or 'flip charts' or posters at presentations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'easel' in WordNet: 1. (4) easel - (an upright tripod for displaying something (usually an artist's canvas)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tripod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Presentation ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Picture :PresentationPoster :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Easily :en "with ease", "without difficulty", "without much difficulty", "without too much difficulty" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :EasyToDo ; :isTheOppositeOf :WithDifficulty ; :wnsense "easily1adv", "easy1adv", "readily1adv" ; :wordnet "easily", "easy", "readily" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Easily'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that the agent was or is able to perform that Action without difficulty or great effort. ''Easily'' can also modify past participle adjectives to create modifiers pertaining to ''EasyToDo': 'easily torn'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'easily' in WordNet: 1. (36) easily, easy - (with ease ('easy' is sometimes used informally for 'easily'); 'she was easily excited'; 'was easily confused'; 'he won easily'; 'this china breaks very easily'; 'success came too easy') WN adv 'readily': 1. (22) readily - (without much difficulty; 'these snakes can be identified readily') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :EasilyAgitated :ldoce "nervous" ; :wnsense "nervous1adj", "sagely1adv" ; :wordnet "nervous", "sagely" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EasilyAgitated' is an AttributeValue of someone who has a higher than average tendency to become agitated or Nervous from minor causes. For the attribute of someone who is in a state of unease, use 'Nervous'. Being EasilyAgitated makes one prone to become Nervous, but being Nervous is not the same as having the trait of 'EasilyAgitated' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nervous' in WordNet: 1. (9) nervous - (easily agitated; 'quick nervous movements') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Easiness :wnsense "ease1n", "easiness2n", "simpleness3n", "simplicity4n" ; :wordnet "ease", "easiness", "simpleness", "simplicity" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Easiness' is a quality of **actions** that are conducted without much difficulty. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'easiness' in WordNet: 2. ease, easiness, simplicity, simpleness - (freedom from difficulty or hardship or effort; 'he rose through the ranks with apparent ease'; 'they put it into containers for ease of transportation'; 'the very easiness of the deed held her back') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Easing :wnsense "easing1n", "moderation1n", "relief7n" ; :wordnet "easing", "moderation", "relief" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Easing'' is an ''ImprovementEvent'' caused by a ''DecreaseEvent'' (which is included in the Action). This action cases ''Relief'' by reducing ''Inconvenience'' (broadly construed). The subtypes can be varying ways that restrictions or onerous requirements are reduced or eliminated, making it wasier for people to do things they want to. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'easing' in WordNet: 1. easing, moderation, relief - (a change for the better) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :DecreaseEvent, :ImprovementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relief ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inconvenience ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :East :ldoce "east" ; :wnsense "east1n" ; :wordnet "east" ; a :CompassDirection-NSEW ; rdfs:comment """The CompassDirection that is 180 degrees rotated from direct West. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'east' in WordNet: 1. (6) east, due east, eastward, E - (the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees) """ . :EastTimor a :Country . :EasterEgg :guid "bfc7794e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Easter egg2n" ; :wordnet "Easter egg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Easter egg is an egg that has been colored and decorated, usually at Easter (see #$EasterHoliday). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Easter egg' in WordNet: 2. Easter egg - (a colored hard-boiled egg used to celebrate Easter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardBoiledEgg, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colored ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EasterHoliday :guid "bd58ab15-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Easter1n" ; :wordnet "Easter" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each of these is an annual #$ChristianHoliday which commemorates the Resurrection of Christ after his Crucifixion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Easter' in WordNet: 1. (3) Easter - (a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChristianHoliday, :HolidayDay, :MoveableHoliday . :Eastern :isTheOppositeOf :Western ; :ldoce "eastern" ; :wnsense "eastern1adj", "eastern3adj" ; :wordnet "eastern" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Eastern is an attribute that takes a Region as argument and returns the geographically easternmost part of that region. This corresponds to senses 1 and 3 of 'eastern' in WordNet, which appear indistinguishable: in WordNet: 1. (8) eastern - (lying toward or situated in the east; 'the eastern end of the island') 3. (1) easterly, eastern - (lying in or toward the east; 'the east side of New York'; 'eastern cities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :EasternChipmunk :guid "bd5908b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Tamias striatus1n", "eastern chipmunk1n", "ground squirrel1n", "hackee1n", "striped squirrel1n" ; :wordnet "Tamias striatus", "eastern chipmunk", "ground squirrel", "hackee", "striped squirrel" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN distinctions between 'ground squirrel' and 'chipmunk' seem to invert other usages I have heard; the eastern variety is not referred to as a 'ground squirrel' and the western is. This inverts the WN usage. So the label is intended to be specific. The label 'ground squirrel' is added to the Western variety, which is lrger than the common eastern 'chipmunk'. More realistic is the RHW sense of Chipmunk: any of several small, striped, terrestrial squirrels of the genera Tamias, of North America, and Eutamia, of Asia and North America, esp. T. striatus, of eastern North America. NOTE that western ground squirrels (WN 'chipmunk') also have strpes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eastern chipmunk' in WordNet: 1. eastern chipmunk, hackee, striped squirrel, ground squirrel, Tamias striatus - (small striped semiterrestrial eastern American squirrel with cheek pouches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Squirrel . :EasternHemisphere a :EarthHemisphere . :EasternOrthodox :pertainsTo :EasternOrthodoxChurch ; :wnsense "Eastern Orthodox1adj", "Greek Orthodox1adj", "Orthodox3adj", "Russian Orthodox1adj" ; :wordnet "Eastern Orthodox", "Greek Orthodox", "Orthodox", "Russian Orthodox" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Orthodox''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''EasternOrthodoxChurch'' and its rites and beliefs. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'orthodox' in Wordnet: 3. Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox - (of or relating to or characteristic of the Eastern Orthodox Church) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EasternOrthodoxChurch :wnsense "Eastern Church1n", "Eastern Orthodox Church1n", "Eastern Orthodox1n", "Orthodox Catholic Church1n", "Orthodox Church1n" ; :wordnet "Eastern Church", "Eastern Orthodox", "Eastern Orthodox Church", "Orthodox Catholic Church", "Orthodox Church" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''EasternOrthodoxChurch'' is a ''CatholicChurch'' that does not reognize the Pope as its head, rather has national subgroups in different countries, especially in Greece and Russia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Eastern Orthodox Church' in WordNet: 1. Orthodox Church, Orthodox Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Church, Eastern Orthodox - (derived from the Byzantine Church and adhering to Byzantine rites) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CatholicChurch . :EasyToDo :en "not a problem" ; :hasAdverbialForm :Easily ; :isTheOppositeOf :Difficult ; :ldoce "easy", "simple" ; :wnsense "easy1adj", "simple2adj" ; :wordnet "easy", "simple" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'RelativelyEasy' referring to Actions that have sufficiently few components requiring expertise that any adult can do it, with little effort. Trivially easy. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'easy' in WordNet: 1. (64) easy - - (posing no difficulty; requiring little effort; 'an easy job'; 'an easy problem'; 'an easy victory'; 'the house is easy to heat'; 'satisfied with easy answers'; 'took the easy way out of his dilemma') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convenient, :RelativelyEasy . :EasyToUse a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'Convenient' referring to Objects or places that are easy to use because they are simple to use, or are merely close at hand.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convenient . :EatingBreakfast :ldoce "breakfast" ; :wnsense "breakfast1v" ; :wordnet "breakfast" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which a person eats the first meal of the day, usually in the morning. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'breakfast' in WordNet: 1. (2) breakfast - (eat an early morning meal; 'We breakfast at seven') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breakfast ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Morning ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :EatingDinner :ldoce "dinner" ; :wnsense "dinner1n" ; :wordnet "dinner" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which a person eats the main meal of the day, usually in the evening. For the food eaten, see 'Dinner'. Noun sense 1 of 'dinner' in WordNet seems to be the act of eating dinner. This is ambiguous, and the WordNet 'dinner' will be used in both senses: in WordNet: 1. (25) dinner - (the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday; 'dinner will be at 8'; 'on Sundays they had a large dinner when they returned from church') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingaMeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dinner ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DinnerTime ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :EatingDisorder :wnsense "eating disorder1n" ; :wordnet "eating disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eating disorder' in WordNet: 1. eating disorder - (a disorder of the normal eating routine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UpsetCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :EatingEvent :guid "bd58d570-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "eat" ; :wnsense "eat1v", "eat3v", "eating1n", "feeding1n" ; :wordnet "eat", "eating", "feeding" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$EatingEvent is an event which involves the consumption of a portion of food by one animal. Each instance of #$EatingEvent is a meal or snack taken in its entirety; it is a series of individual #$EatingAMorsel (q.v.) events. This includes transitive and intransitive senses. COSMO note: this is only for eating via the mouth. microbes 'eating' nutrients from solution are not included. Includes eat senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'eat' in WordNet: 1. (479) eat - (take in solid food; 'She was eating a banana'; 'What did you eat for dinner last night?') 3. (37) feed, eat - (take in food; used of animals only; 'This dog doesn't eat certain kinds of meat'; 'What do whales eat?') WN noun 'eating': 1. (3) eating, feeding - (the act of consuming food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumingFoodOrDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Food :FoodObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BitingWithTeeth ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :EatingLunch :wnsense "lunch1v" ; :wordnet "lunch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which a person eats the 'midday; meal, usuallyclose to noon. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lunch' in WordNet: 1. (1) lunch - (take the midday meal; 'At what time are you lunching?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingaMeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lunch ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Midday ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LunchTime ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :EatingMeat :en "eating meat" ; :enn "eating meat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EatingMeat'' is the Action performed by a ''Carnivore'' and not by a ''Vegetarian''. NOTE: the 'meat' referred to is the meat of a Mammal. Fish and reptiles are exclouded fomr this but cold be added to add a more stringent meaning to ''Vegetarian''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Meat :MeatObject :Mammal ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carnivore ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :EatingSupper :ldoce "supper" ; :wnsense "supper1n" ; :wordnet "supper" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EatingSupper' is the Action in which a person eats a meal in the evening. For the food eaten, see 'Supper'. Noun sense 1 of 'supper' in WordNet seems to be the act of eating supper. This is ambiguous, and the WordNet 'supper' will be taken in both senses in COSMO. in WordNet: 1. (14) supper - (a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supper ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :EatingUtensil :guid "bd588a08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eating utensil1n" ; :wordnet "eating utensil" ; a :EatingUtensilType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FoodUtensil used directly in the act of eating food - knife, fork, spoon. Cyc: ('SilverwarePiece') Not necessarily silver - eating implements like knife, fork, spoon. These are not #$GraspingImplements. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'eating utensil' in WordNet: 1. cutlery, eating utensil - (tableware implements for cutting and eating food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodUtensil, :Tableware, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :EatingUtensilType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''EatingUtensilType'' is a type of Object that is used in ''Dining''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObjectType . :EatingVessel :guid "bd58ff7a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Containers to hold an individual's portion of food while it is being eaten. This includes objes such as saucersthat hold other EatingVessels, not the food directly""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodVessel, :NonPoweredDevice, :SmallObject . :EatingaCourseOfaMeal a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EatingaCourseOfaMeal'' is an Event of eating in which one ''CourseOfaMeal'' is consumed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :CourseOfAMeal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Dining ] . :EatingaMeal :en "eat a full meal", "eat a meal" ; :eng "breaking bread", "eating a meal" ; :wnsense "break bread1v", "eat2v" ; :wordnet "break bread", "eat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EatingaMeal'' is the Action in which a person eats a full meal, which can vary in size and composition, but is considered by the eater as one of the main meals of the day (breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper), or something similarly filling. For eating while sitting (e.g. at a table) use ''Dining''. NOTE: the label 'break bread' is usually used for dining *with* another person - to 'brek bread with' some ''Person''(s). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'eat' in WordNet: 2. (146) eat - (eat a meal; take a meal; 'We did not eat until 10 P.M. because there were so many phone calls'; 'I didn't eat yet, so I gladly accept your invitation') WN verb 'break bread': 1. break bread - (have a meal, usually with company; 'The early Christian disciples broke bread together') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meal ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :EatingaWithTheFingers :en "eating with fingers", "eating with the fingers" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EatingaWithTheFingers'' is an 'EatingEvent'' in which the food is handled with the fingers rather than with an ''EatingUtensil''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :FingerFood ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finger ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :Eaves :wnsense "eaves1n" ; :wordnet "eaves" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Eaves'' is an ''Overhang'' at the lower end of a sloping roof that extends over the wall of the structure below the roof. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eaves' in WordNet: 1. eaves - (the overhang at the lower edge of a roof) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Overhang, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roof ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roof ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :EavesGutter :wnsense "gutter1n", "trough2n" ; :wordnet "gutter", "trough" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EavesGutter'' is a ''Channel'' that is just below the edge of the ''Eaves'' of a ''Roof'' and is designed to capture rainwater and direct it to some place where it does little or no damage to the structure or adjacent objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gutter' in WordNet: 1. (2) gutter, trough - (a channel along the eaves or on the roof; collects and carries away rainwater) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Channel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eaves ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :Eavesdropping :en "eavesdropping" ; :guid "bd653856-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eavesdrop1v", "listen in2v" ; :wordnet "eavesdrop", "listen in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$CumulativeEventType and a specialization of (#$SurreptitiouslyFn #$ListeningDeliberately). Each instance of #$Eavesdropping is an event in which a #$PerceptualAgent secretly listens to a #$Conversation in which the is not an active participant. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'eavesdrop' in WordNet: 1. listen in, eavesdrop - (listen without the speaker's knowledge; 'the jealous man was eavesdropping on his wife's conversations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Listening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surreptitious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surreptitiously ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conversation ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ] . :EbbTide :en "ebb tide" ; :enn "ebb tide" ; :wnsense "ebbtide1n" ; :wordnet "ebbtide" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EbbTide'' is an ''OceanTide'' at a location when the height of the Ocean is falling due to tidal forces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ebbtide' in WordNet: 1. ebbtide - (the tide while water is flowing out) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OceanTide, :Receding . :Ebola :wnsense "Ebola fever1n", "Ebola hemorrhagic fever1n", "Ebola1n" ; :wordnet "Ebola", "Ebola fever", "Ebola hemorrhagic fever" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ebola' in WordNet: 1. Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Ebola fever, Ebola - (a severe and often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys and chimpanzees) caused by the Ebola virus; characterized by high fever and severe internal bleeding; can be spread from person to person; is largely limited to Africa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContagiousDisease, :ViralInfection . :Ebony :wnsense "ebony2n" ; :wordnet "ebony" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance ''Ebony'' is a type of ''Hardwood'' derived from the ''EbonyTree''. Figurines ,ade of the dark wood are sometimes polished with black shoe polish to make them closer to black. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ebony' in WordNet: 2. ebony - (hard dark-colored heartwood of the ebony tree; used in cabinetwork and for piano keys) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hardwood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EbonyTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :EbonyTree :wnsense "Diospyros ebenum1n", "ebony tree1n", "ebony3n" ; :wordnet "Diospyros ebenum", "ebony", "ebony tree" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ebony tree' in WordNet: 1. ebony, ebony tree, Diospyros ebenum - (tropical tree of southern Asia having hard dark-colored heartwood used in cabinetwork) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Species, :Tree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ebony ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Eccentric :wnsense "eccentric person1n", "eccentric1n", "flake2n", "oddball1n" ; :wordnet "eccentric", "eccentric person", "flake", "oddball" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eccentric' in WordNet: 1. (3) eccentric, eccentric person, flake, oddball, geek - (a person with an unusual or odd personality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bizarre ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EcclesiasticalDistrict :en "ecclesiastical district" ; :enn "ecclesiastical district" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EcclesiasticalDistrict'' is a ''District'' defined by some religious Organization for administrative purposes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :District . :Echinodermata :guid "c09e485b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Echinodermata1n", "phylum Echinodermata1n" ; :wordnet "Echinodermata", "phylum Echinodermata" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of (individual) animals in the phylum Echinodermata. It includes starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sand dollars. Echinoderms are #$Coelomates. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Echinodermata' in WordNet: 1. Echinodermata, phylum Echinodermata - (radially symmetrical marine invertebrates including e.g. starfish and sea urchins and sea cucumbers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coelomate, :MarineOrganism, :NonHumanAnimal . :Echo :wnsense "echo1n", "replication5n", "reverberation1n", "sound reflection1n" ; :wordnet "echo", "replication", "reverberation", "sound reflection" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sound that is reflected from some solid surface - it may be multiply reflected from several surface, or re-reflected from the same surface. most closely corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'echo' in WordNet: 1. (5) echo, reverberation, sound reflection, replication - (the persistence of a sound after its source has stopped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Echoing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Echoing :en "echoing", "resounding", "reverberating" ; :wnsense "echo2v", "resound1v", "reverberate1v" ; :wordnet "echo", "resound", "reverberate" ; a :CapabilityType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Echoing'' is a ''Repelling'' in which the 'Something Moving' that rebounds is a sound wave. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'echo' in WordNet: 2. (2) resound, echo, ring, reverberate - (ring or echo with sound; 'the hall resounded with laughter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeflectingSomething, :Reflecting, :Repelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Echo ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isaCapabilityOf ] . :Eclectic :wnsense "eclectic1adj" ; :wordnet "eclectic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eclectic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) eclectic - (selecting what seems best of various styles or ideas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selective . :Eclipse :wnsense "eclipse1n", "occultation1n" ; :wordnet "eclipse", "occultation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Eclipse'' is an Action in which in which one ''AstronomicalObject'' (which, in the case of an ''EclipseOfTheMoon'', is the Earth itself) moves so that it and another ''AstronomicalObject'' are in the same line in space (relative to a third object or an oberver). When the Earth is between the Sun and the Earth's Moon, it creates a ''LunarEclipse''; when one AstronomicalBody is in a line from the Earth to another AstronomicalBody, it is a ''BlockingTheViewOfSomething'' for observers on the Earth. An ''EclipseOfTheSun'' is one example of the latter, but the view of other AstronomicalBodies beyond the SolarSystem can also be eclipsed by ''AstronomicalBody''s, blocking their view from the Earth. This sense of ''Eclipse'' includes both the period when the AstronomicalBody is completely eclipsed, and an Event in which not all the light from the AstronomicalBody is blocked (a partial eclipse, not yet represented - rev1699). In this general case, 'view' that is blocked can be a receiving of radio waves or other forms of radiation, but that case would be a subtype of this that is not yet (rev1649) included in COSMO. For an ''EclipseOfTheMoon'', the alignment causes the Earth's shadow to fall on all or part of the Moon's surface visible from the Earth, and is not a subtype of ''BlockingTheViewOfSomething'' but a ''CastingaShadow''. Includes but is broader than (includes lunar eclipse) noun sense 1 of 'eclipse' in WordNet: 1. (2) eclipse, occultation - (one celestial body obscures another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AligningObjectsInaRow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViewingAnAstronomicalObject ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AstronomicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Translocation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Ecological :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EcologicalPlace :EcologicalArea :Ecology ) ] ; :wnsense "bionomic1adj", "bionomical1adj", "ecologic1adj", "ecologic2adj", "ecological1adj", "ecological2adj" ; :wordnet "bionomic", "bionomical", "ecologic", "ecological" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ecological'' is an AttributeValue of places (''EcologicalPlace'') that affects how organisms in those places live and reproduce, and also of things that study or relate to such places, including the science of ''Ecology''. NOTE: the two WN senses may be differentiated but that will require adding several more types. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'ecological' in WordNet: 1. (1) ecological, ecologic - (characterized by the interdependence of living organisms in an environment; 'an ecological disaster') 2. ecological, ecologic, bionomical, bionomic - (of or relating to the science of ecology; 'ecological research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biological . :EcologicalArea :en "ecological area" ; :enn "ecological area" ; :guid "bd58ca27-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'EcologicalRegion': A collection of geographical regions. Each instance of #$EcologicalRegion is a region having one or more characteristic ecosystems. From knowledge of those ecosystems, we can posit whether certain organisms can forage, reproduce, and live successfully there. Information about ecological regions typically also includes what kinds of organisms are in fact found there. In theory, any arbitrary continuous region could be analyzed as an ecological region, but most regions identified in practice have some kind of sameness or systematic interconnection in their topology, climate, and biology. Examples: the #$WesternDesertOfEgypt, the #$GreatBarrierReef, the #$Amazon-Region. NOTE: this was changed from ''EcologicalRegion'' to ''EcologicalArea'' to allow it to represent all the objects in that ''GeographicalArea''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalPlace, :GeographicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EcologicalRegion ; owl:onProperty :occupiesTheRegion ] . :EcologicalPlace :wnsense "ecology1n" ; :wordnet "ecology" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EcologicalPlace can be either an EcologicalArea or a PhysicalObject - such as the physical trees that make up a forest. This Type is intentionally ambiguous so as to allow assertions about ecological niches without specifying whether it is the region of space or the actual physical objects in that space that are at issue. The restriction says in effect: 'this is a place where organisms have reproduced more than two times'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ecology' in WordNet: 1. (1) ecology - (the environment as it relates to living organisms; 'it changed the ecology of the island') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Environment-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BiologicalReproductionEvent ; owl:minCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :EcologicalRegion :guid "bd58ca27-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'EcologicalRegion': A collection of geographical regions. Each instance of #$EcologicalRegion is a region having one or more characteristic ecosystems. From knowledge of those ecosystems, we can posit whether certain organisms can forage, reproduce, and live successfully there. Information about ecological regions typically also includes what kinds of organisms are in fact found there. In theory, any arbitrary continuous region could be analyzed as an ecological region, but most regions identified in practice have some kind of sameness or systematic interconnection in their topology, climate, and biology. Examples: the #$WesternDesertOfEgypt, the #$GreatBarrierReef, the #$Amazon-Region. NOTE: this was changed from ''EcologicalRegion'' to ''EcologicalArea'' to allow it to represent all the objects in that ''GeographicalArea''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalPlace, :GeographicalRegion . :Ecologist :guid "c100842f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ecologist1n" ; :wordnet "ecologist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ecologist' in WordNet: 1. ecologist - (a biologist who studies the relation between organisms and their environment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ecology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Ecology :hasSubjectOfStudy :LifeForm ; :wnsense "bionomics1n", "ecology2n", "environmental science1n" ; :wordnet "bionomics", "ecology", "environmental science" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ecology'' is the science that studies the relationships of life forms to each other and to the surrounding environment. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ecology' in WordNet: 2. ecology, bionomics, environmental science - (the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LifeForm ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Habitat ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Econometrician :guid "bf90133d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "econometrician1n", "econometrist1n" ; :wordnet "econometrician", "econometrist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all econometricians. The field of #$Econometrics is where #$Statistics and #$Economics come together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'econometrician' in WordNet: 1. econometrician, econometrist - (an economist who uses statistical and mathematical methods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Economist, :SkilledWorker . :Economic :pertainsTo :EconomicAction, :EconomicEvent, :EconomicSector, :Economics ; :wnsense "economic1adj", "economic2adj" ; :wordnet "economic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Economic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Economics'' and things related to ''Economics'', such as 'EconomicEvent', business, money, trade, and exchanges of goods adservics generally. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'economic' in WordNet: 1. (564) economic, economical - (of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth; 'economic growth'; 'aspects of social, political, and economical life') 2. (44) economic - (of or relating to the science of economics; 'economic theory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EconomicAction :FIBO "economic activity" ; :guid "bfb0755c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of all actions which are either 'transactions' within some economic system - instances of #$Buying, #$Bartering, contract-signing, boycotting, etc. - or which are in some way 'directed at' the functioning of an economic system. Examples of the latter include ordering an embargo on a certain country's goods or changing a tax rate. To a first approximation, instances of #$EconomicAction must be performed by #$IntelligentAgents. E.g., although animal stampedes might have economic consequences, they are not instances of #$EconomicAction. More precisely, saying that an action is 'directed at' an economic system entails that the initiator has some awareness of its economic consequences. Even if painting my house purple results in an increased demand for purple paint, such an action is not an #$EconomicAction unless I did it in part hoping to affect the paint market in some way. Corresponds to FIBO 'economic activity': SKOS def: 'an aspect of the behavior of some economic actor in an economy, related to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicEvent, :PurposefulAction . :EconomicAid :wnsense "aid3n", "economic aid1n" ; :wordnet "aid", "economic aid" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EconomicAid''is a quantity of money given to a Person or GroupOfPeople or Organization as a ''Gift'' with no requirement for repayment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economic aid' in WordNet: 1. aid, economic aid - (a gift of money to support a worthy person or cause) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :EconomicAssistance, :Gift . :EconomicAssistance :en "economic assistance", "financial assistance" ; :wnsense "assistance2n" ; :wordnet "assistance" ; a :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EconomicAssistance'' is a quantity of Money (a ''MoneyObject'') that is provided by an 'AssistingFinancially' Action. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'assistance' in WordNet: 2. (61) aid, assistance, help - (a resource; 'visual aids in teaching'; 'economic assistance to depressed areas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :Aid, :MoneyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinancialAssistance ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :EconomicAttribute a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of PopulationAttribute that describes some attribute of a population related to a traditional measure of economic activity: unemployment rate, GNP per capita, exports, imports, average work week, etc. Each of those specific measures will be a subclass of 'PopulationCharacteristic'..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopulationAttribute . :EconomicClass :wnsense "socio-economic class1n" ; :wordnet "socio-economic class" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EconomicClass'' is a SocialGroup consisting of People or family groups having a certain range of income. Usually three or four: upper,middle, lower 0r perhaps also 'comfortable' or 'well off' or 'rich' or 'working class'. This type subsumes the basic three and they can be differentiated as needed. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'socio-economic class' in WordNet: 1. (5) class, social class, socio-economic class - (people having the same social or economic status; \"the working class\"; \"an emerging professional class\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialClass . :EconomicDevelopmentEvent :en "development", "economic development" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ImprovementEvent in which some aspect of the economic situation of a ''NationalEconomy'' has improved. Each ''EconomicDevelopmentEvent'' is the result of some ''EconomicDevelopmentProcess'' proceeding over some ''TimeInterval'', however, COSMO does not require that the ''EconomicDevelopmentProcess'' be reified in order to reference an ''EconomicDevelopmentEvent'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Development, :ImprovementEvent, :Progressing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EconomicDevelopmentProcess ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :improves ; owl:someValuesFrom :NationalEconomy ] . :EconomicDevelopmentProcess :en "development", "economic development" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EconomicDevelopmentProcess'' is the process that gives rise to an ''EconomicDevelopmentEvent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EconomicDevelopmentEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingEvent ] . :EconomicEmbargo :guid "bebffae6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "embargo1n", "trade embargo1n", "trade stoppage1n" ; :wordnet "embargo", "trade embargo", "trade stoppage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which one nation, acting as an agent, officially forbids all economic commerce with a particular country, and takes additional steps to prevent and/or intercept all relevant instances of commerce trade. Often, but not always, embargoes are cases of punishing or imposing sanctions. An embargo can be thought of as the most extreme possible case of imposing trade restrictions. In CycL, we take an embargo to be the combination of the legal/official edict interdicting commerce and the actual steps taken to enforce the edict, eg, the conducting of additional customs inspections in ports. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embargo' in WordNet: 1. (1) embargo, trade embargo, trade stoppage - (a government order imposing a trade barrier) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingTraffic, :EconomicAction, :PoliticalEvent . :EconomicEvent :guid "c0340457-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$EconomicEvent is the most general collection of events having an economic character, such as buying and selling, inflation and recession, and economic policy-making. This does not necessarily require intentionality for an 'EconomicEvent'; subtypes 'BusinessEvent' and 'EconomicAction' are purposeful events. COSMO note: this includes natural events that can affect economic activity or cause economic loss, wars, discoveries, and inventions. A natural disaster causing loss can be an 'EconomicEvent'. In the REA model, every EconomicEvent involves some economic Resource, and some Agent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :SocialOccurrence . :EconomicExpansion :en "economic expansion" ; :enn "economic expansion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EconomicExpansion'' is an ''Expanding'' in which some Country's ''NationalEconomy'' increases by some accepted economic measure, such as GNP or GDP. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expanding, :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NationalEconomy ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :EconomicIndex :wnsense "index2n", "indicator1n" ; :wordnet "index", "indicator" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'EconomicIndex' in the reporting of economic events is usually some composite statistical measure, often an average, of data related to economic activity, Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'index' in WordNet: 2. (1) index, index number, indicant, indicator - (a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicIndicator . :EconomicIndicator :FIBO "economic indicator" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """See subtypes for more specific inicators. skos-definition: 'a statistical measure of an economic activity, used for analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StatisticalMeasure . :EconomicLaw :en "economic law" ; :enn "economic law" ; a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EconomicLaw'' is any ''Law'' establishing a rule for controlling or regulating ''EconomicAction''s . This has a set of heterogeneous subtypes, including ''CopyrightLaw''s and rules for incorporation and regulations and treaties. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Law, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copyright ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ] . :EconomicPolicy :wnsense "economic policy1n" ; :wordnet "economic policy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EconomicPolicy'' is an ''EconomicAction'' performed by a ''Government'', which is thus a ''Implementation'' (an Action, not a ''Policy'' which is a ''Plan''). NOTE: the WN ''economic policy' is a subtype of ''Policy'' which is a ''Plan'', not an Action. WN does not explicitly distinguish the ''Plan'' and its implementation. This type is for the implementation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economic policy' in WordNet: 1. (1) economic policy - (a government policy for maintaining economic growth and tax revenues) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicAction, :Implementation, :PoliticalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Government ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :EconomicSector :guid "bf4c9c8c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "industry" ; :wnsense "industry1n" ; :wordnet "industry" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of a Group of people or organizations engaged in a specific type of economically productive activity. Instances might be the US automobile industry, the software industry, the space industry, or the French farming sector. In Cyc called 'EconomicSector-Localized' Cyc: Each instance of the collection #$EconomicSector-Localized is a particular major economic sector of some place: a large #$Group of producers or service providers in a defined geographic area. For instance, the United States' manufacturing sector would be an element of #$EconomicSector-Localized, and would have particular U.S. manufacturers as #$groupMembers. The 'world agriculture sector' and 'the technology sector in the United States' refer to instances of #$EconomicSector-Localized. 'The U.S. Automobile Industry' is too specific and is an instance of a particular #$Industry-Localized. (Similarly, the collection #$AutomobileIndustry is an instance of #$IndustryType.) Note that the main kinds of economic sector (#$EconomicSectorTypes like #$AgriculturalEconomicSector) are #$Collections (of particular geographically defined instances of #$EconomicSector-Localized); they are not themselves individual economic sectors in this scheme. That is, there are several instances of the collection #$ManufacturingEconomicSector, such as the German manufacturing sector, the Mexican manufacturing sector, etc. There is also the worldwide manufacturing sector. Thus #$ManufacturingEconomicSector is a specialization, not an instance, of #$EconomicSector-Localized. Note that this is for major sectors of an economy, not for specific industries; see #$Industry-Localized and #$IndustryType. See also #$MtOfIndustryTypeFn and #$MtOfIndustryOfRegionFn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'industry' in WordNet: 1. (270) industry - (the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise; 'each industry has its own trade publications') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiPersonAgent, :SectorOfSociety . :EconomicSystem :en "economic system" ; :enn "economic system" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EconomicSystem'' is a heterogeneous Group of entities including a set of 'Laws' and ''EconomicAction''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EconomicLaw ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :EconomicAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NationalEconomy ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Economically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Economic ; :wnsense "economically1adv", "economically2adv" ; :wordnet "economically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Economically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or theory or Procedure and specifies that the assertion modified is to be interpreted from the point of view of concern with economics macro or micro, including effects on output of goods and services, income, and effciency. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'economically' in Wordnet: 1. (3) economically - (with respect to economic science; 'economically this proposal makes no sense') 2. economically - (with respect to the economic system; 'economically the country is worse off') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Economics :hasSubjectOfStudy :NationalEconomy ; :wnsense "economic science1n", "economics1n", "political economy1n" ; :wordnet "economic science", "economics", "political economy" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''SocialScience'' concerned with the production and distribution of goods and services, and the money and transactions in which they are exchanged. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economics' in WordNet: 1. (3) economics, economic science, political economy - (the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialScience . :EconomicsDepartment :guid "9bd88f42-2282-41d7-8924-9cea9284915a" ; :wnsense "department of economics1n", "economics department1n" ; :wordnet "department of economics", "economics department" ; a :DepartmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AcademicDepartment, instances of which conduct teaching and research in #$Economics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economics departent' in WordNet: 1. economics department, department of economics - (the academic department responsible for teaching and research in economics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcademicDepartment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Economics ; owl:onProperty :teaches ] . :Economist :guid "c0d845bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "economist1n" ; :wordnet "economist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economist' in WordNet: 1. (4) economist, economic expert - (an expert in the science of economics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Person, :Professional-Adult, :SocialScientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Economics ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Economist ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Economy :FIBO "economy" ; :wnsense "economy1n" ; :wordnet "economy" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting of all of the economic and business events that occur within some defined geographical area. **NOTE** that there is no restriction to require that *all* economic activities are included, and that they occur within some geographical area. It is also unclear how to relate activities outside a geographical area to companies headquartered in that geographical area. That will require a detailed specification of a specific meaning of 'Economy'. COSMO note: this includes any 'EconomicEvent' including natural events that can affect economic activity or cause economic loss, wars, discoveries, and inventions. Corresponds to FIBO 'economy': SKOS def; An economy consists of the production, distribution or trade, and consumption of limited goods and services by different economic actors in a given geographically distinct web of relationships. SKOS scope note: 'This may be a national economy (relating to a country); a regional economy, or the economy of a state or some other intra-national entity. It need not always be geographical in the strictest sense, for example Second Life has an economy. For the purposes of this model, it refers only to economies involving economic exchange i.e. not the broader sense used by evolutionary biologists etc.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economy' in WordNet: 1. (20) economy, economic system - (the system of production and distribution and consumption) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EconomicEvent :BusinessEvent :EconomicAction ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Ecosystem :guid "bff503ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ecosystem1n" ; :wordnet "ecosystem" ; a :GroupType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of ecosystems. An ecosystem is a particular region in which organisms live, together with the interrelations between these organisms and the relations between these organisms and their physical environment. NOTE: there may be more than one ''Ecosystem'' in an ''EcologicalArea'', having different types of Organisms, or having a certain type of Organism living in different environments in the whole 'EcologicalArea'' In COSMO this is a Group that includes the type(s) of Organism in each specific defined system. For any given instance of a defined ''Ecosystem'', other relevant elements can also be specified by use of the ''hasComponentElement'' relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ecosystem' in WordNet: 1. ecosystem - (a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalArea, :Group, :System, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrganismType ] . :Ecru :wnsense "beige1n", "ecru1n" ; :wordnet "beige", "ecru" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :HairColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """See also ''BeigeColor'' for the Color that is an attribute. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ecru' in WordNet: 1. beige, ecru - (a very light brown) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightBrown . :Ecstasy :wnsense "ecstasy1n", "ecstasy2n", "exaltation1n", "rapture1n", "rapture2n", "raptus2n", "transport4n" ; :wordnet "ecstasy", "exaltation", "rapture", "raptus", "transport" ; a :FeelingType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ecstasy'' is the most intense level of ''Joy'' and its subtypes ''Elation'' and ''Bliss''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'ecstasy' in WordNet: 1. (4) ecstasy, rapture, transport, exaltation, raptus - (a state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion; 'listening to sweet music in a perfect rapture'- Charles Dickens) 2. (3) ecstasy, rapture - (a state of elated bliss) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bliss, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bliss ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :Ecstatic :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Ecstasy ; :wnsense "ecstatic1adj", "enraptured1adj", "rapt1adj", "rapturous1adj", "rhapsodic1adj" ; :wordnet "ecstatic", "enraptured", "rapt", "rapturous", "rhapsodic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ecstatic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) ecstatic, enraptured, rapturous, rapt, rhapsodic - (feeling great rapture or delight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Happy . :Ecuador :wnsense "Ecuador1n" ; :wordnet "Ecuador" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ecuador' in WordNet: 1. Ecuador, Republic of Ecuador -- (a republic in northwestern South America; became independent from Spain in 1822; the landscape is dominated by the Andes) """ . :Eden :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasPhysicalPart :Tree ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Mythical, :Perfect ; :wnsense "Eden2n", "Garden of Eden1n" ; :wordnet "Eden", "Garden of Eden" ; a :Garden, :MythicalThing ; rdfs:comment """The \"Garden of Eden' in the Bible: not 'small' like most gardens, and not place for growing plants by seeding and sowing. Bt, a 'garden' by tradition. it is assigned the ''Mythical'' attribute. Just to test instances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Eden' in WordNet: 2. Eden, Garden of Eden - (a beautiful garden where Adam and Eve were placed at the Creation; when they disobeyed and ate the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil they were driven from their paradise (the fall of man)) """ . :Edentate :guid "bfa653da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "edentate1n" ; :wordnet "edentate" ; a :AgentType, :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Edentata': An order of mammals having only molars or no teeth at all. Examples are armadillos, anteaters, and sloths. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'edentate' in WordNet: 1. edentate - (primitive terrestrial mammal with few if any teeth; of tropical Central America and South America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, :PlacentalMammal . :EdgeOnObject :guid "bd58f6db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "edge" ; :wnsense "edge1n", "edge2n" ; :wordnet "edge" ; a :RoleType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This for the edges of PhysicalObjects, considering them as an Object in themselves. To be an ''EdgeOnObject'' a linear part has to be at the end a planar surface of some kind. CYC: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible, #$Path-Spatial, #$SpaceRegionLimit, and #$EdgeOnObject-Generic (qq.v.). The collection of all edges on tangible objects. For a two-dimensional object, its edges are its boundaries other than its corners. For a three-dimensional object, its edges are the outer portions of those extremities, excluding any corners (see #$Corner-2or3d), that are much more acute in cross-section in one direction than in most other directions at the same point. Some objects - e.g. spheres, hairs, round toothpicks, and typical burrs - have no edges. A discus has one, round, edge. A mountain ridge might have only a single edge. A rectangular lot of land has four edges. A solid polyhedron has six or more edges. To relate an object to its edges, use #$objectEdges. NOTE: this does not include surfaces, only line-like features. For surfaces at the outer limits of a PhysicalObject use 'SurfaceOnTangibleObject'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'edge' in WordNet: 1. (28) edge, border - (the boundary of a surface) 2. (6) edge - (a sharp side formed by the intersection of two surfaces of an object; 'he rounded the edges of the box') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdgeOnObject-Generic, :LongAndThinThing, :PartOfanArtifact, :Path-Spatial, :PhysicalFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Angular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :EdgeOnObject-Generic :guid "bf9014fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$LinearThing and #$Path-Simple (qq.v.). The collection of all edges on spatial objects, tangible or intangible. A two-dimensional object's edges are its boundaries other than its corners. A three-dimensional object's edges are the edges of the object's surface boundaries. An object's corners are where one edge ends and another begins. See the specialization #$EdgeOnObject for some examples of edges on physical objects. To relate an object to its edges, use #$objectEdges. BFO-snap: 'ObjectBoundary' has approximately the same meaning: BFO: """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearObject, :Path-Simple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EdgeTool :wnsense "edge tool1n" ; :wordnet "edge tool" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN type''EdgeTool'' is for single-blade ctting devices with a sharpened edge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'edge tool' in WordNet: 1. edge tool - (any cutting tool with a sharp cutting edge (as a chisel or knife or plane or gouge)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlatBlade ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ] . :Edgewise :isAnAttributeValueOf :PlanarObject ; :wnsense "edgeways2adv", "edgewise1adv" ; :wordnet "edgeways", "edgewise" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Edgewise' is the directional attribute that specifies that the narrow edge of a flat, ''PlanarObject'' is pointed in the direction of movement. The linguistic usage is broader, including an adverbial function. NOTE: this is represented as an ''attribute'' though linguistically it is usually used as an adverb, so it is also represented as a subtype of ''AdverbialModifier''. This anomaly is due to the 'directional' elements of COSMO being represented as attribute values - they seem to do double duty in language. Perhaps more distinctions are needed. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'edgewise' in WordNet: 1. (1) edgeways, edgewise - (with the edge forward or on, by, or toward the edge; 'he sawed the board edgeways'; 'held it edgewise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :DirectionalAttributeValue, :OrientationMeasure . :Edible :isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf :EdibleStuff ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :ConsumingFoodOrDrink ; :wnsense "comestible1adj", "eatable1adj", "edible1adj" ; :wordnet "comestible", "eatable", "edible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue ''Edible'' asserts that the subject thus characterized consists mostly of an ''EdibleStuff'', which may be solid or liquid; i.e. this is something that can be ingested (eaten or drunk), without direct harmful effect. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'edible' in WordNet: 1. edible, comestible, eatable - (suitable for use as food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceAttributeValue . :EdibleFat :guid "bd58da6a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fat" ; :wnsense "fat1n" ; :wordnet "fat" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Fats used in cooking - #$CookingOil, Butter, Shortening, Lard...This should be connected to #$EdibleOil and Fat somehow. This is notthe tissue type 'fat'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fat' in WordNet: 1. (2) fat - (a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); 'pizza has too much fat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FattySubstance, :FoodIngredientOnly, :Nutrient, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EdibleFish :guid "bf84dbe6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "food fish1n" ; :wordnet "food fish" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Fish species that are commonly consumed by people (this is of course variable across cultures and individuals). See (#$MeatFn #$EdibleFish) for the stuff that's actually consumed.- Davis, April 28, 1998. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'food fish' in WordNet: 1. food fish - (any fish used for food by human beings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleObject, :Fish . :EdibleFruit :guid "bd58e595-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fruit" ; :wnsense "fruit1n" ; :wordnet "fruit" ; a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of individual edible fruits, often eaten whole by people or used in cooking. Note that this is the common-sense notion of fruit, so tomatoes, olives, nuts, beans and other legumes are NOT #$EdibleFruit. For the more general and technical sense of 'fruiting body' use 'Fruit'.. The 'substance' of which EdibleFruit consists is represented as 'FruitFood' in COSMO. COSMO note: EdibleFruits often are often sold with a small part of the stem still attached to the fruit. The stem is usually removed prior to eating the fruit. The stem is included as a part of an instance of 'EdibleFtuit'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, :Fruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EdibleNut :en "edible nut" ; :enn "edible nut" ; :guid "bd58eb0d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nut1n" ; :wordnet "nut" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The edible inner part of a nut, not including the ''SeedHusk'' (shell). CYC: The nuts that people typically eat. Commonsense, not botanical definition, so EdibleNut has specs like Peanut-TheSeed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nut' in WordNet: 1. (2) nut - (usually large hard-shelled seed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kernel, :Nut-TheFruit, :PlantPart, :SolidFoodObject . :EdibleObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EdibleObject is a solid organic object that can be 'eaten' which meams to be ingested by mouth, with or without chewing. This type may not be used frequently, even where applicable, but it can be used to differentiate inedible from edible organic objects.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EdibleStuff :guid "bd5908ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: redefined as strictly organic, so water and salts are excluded, but having water up to 80% as in meat and vegetation still allow a substance to be considered an 'OrganicSubstance'. For predominantly organic materials, use 'OrganicCompound'. Cyc: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType and a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each specialization of #$EdibleStuff is a type of partially tangible stuff which all normal instances of some specialization of #$Organism-Whole can consume and successfully metabolize a significant portion of any instance of, with or without resulting harm to themselves. This collection includes virtually all animal and vegetable matter, as well as salts, potable water, and instances of #$OralDrug. It does not necessarily include things that are ingested but not metabolized, such as the stones that birds swallow to aid in digestion, or dirt, paint chips, and coins ingested by children. The function #$EdibleByFn is used to specify the collections of edible stuff that are ingestible by all normal instances of certain specializations of #$Organism-Whole, including #$Person. Note that whether an edible substance _also_ has a detrimental effect if eaten is a separate question. Something can be both edible and poisonous.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Edification :wnsense "edification1n", "sophistication1n" ; :wordnet "edification", "sophistication" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Edification'' is a form of ''Enlightenment'' that causes enables a Person to become more broadly aware of facts and ideas that that Person was unable to apprehend because of some ''ErroneousBelief''s) corrected by the ''Edification'' Event. WN gloss calls this 'uplifting', interpreted here as a deeper degree of ''Enlightenment'', applied to a broader range of topics or subtopics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'edification' in WordNet: 1. edification, sophistication - (uplifting enlightenment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enlightenment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enlightening ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proposition ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Editing :guid "23c47cec-823f-41d7-8873-d71f8be3735e", "bd58876a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "edit1v", "editing1n", "redact2v", "redaction2n" ; :wordnet "edit", "editing", "redact", "redaction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ''Editing' includes CYC 'TextEditing' and 'EditingOfCW' This is the Action of reviewing and making changes to a ConceptualWork where that is considered an ''ImprovementEvent''. The object modified is a ''ConceptualWork'' not jsut a ''PropositionalConceptualWork'' because fictional and artisitc works can also be edited by an ''Editor''. CYC ('TextEditing'): A specialization of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. Each instance of this collection is an act of editing some sort of #$TextualMaterial - which could be a text on a computer, or a tangible piece of writing. CYC ('EditingOfCW'): The collection of all cases in which a conceptual work is edited to create a modified work. The resulting work is generally the same, although certain concepts have been added, removed, or refined. Information structures for the complete work are different between the former and modified forms. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'edit' in WordNet: 1. (1) edit, redact - (prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting; 'Edit a book on lexical semantics'; 'she edited the letters of the politician so as to omit the most personal passages') WN noun 'editing': 1. editing, redaction - (putting something (as a literary work or a legislative bill) into acceptable form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Correcting, :DeletingText, :HumanActivity, :ImprovementEvent, :Modification, :PreparingForSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Critiquing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublishingWrittenMaterial ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConceptualWork ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :EditingAnElectronicDocument :guid "84c258f6-5db9-41d8-9f32-8dd6b87b6bfa" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$IBOCreation. Each instance of #$EditingAnElectronicDocument is an event in which an agent uses a computer to edit an electronic document, such as a text file (e.g., via word processing -- see #$WordProcessingProgram), a PowerPoint presentation, or a spreadsheet.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerActivity, :Editing, :IBOCreation . :Edition :wnsense "edition2n" ; :wordnet "edition" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the abstract text, not the PhysicalObject. This is the Abstract text (which can include images) or recording or video of some ''ConceptualWork'' that is published as one variant of some general work, and may have some small differences from other 'Editions'' of the same ''ConceptualWork''. often one Edition is published at a specific time or time interval, but there may be multiple printings of the same edition, which should not differ from each other in conceptual content (perhaps may differ in typeface). Mostly this is for Book editions, but it can also be for versions or releases of software. This cannot be used for physical objects, such as automobiles. Different 'editions' (i.e. issues or 'volumes') of a periodical that have different content are represented by ''PeriodicalIssue''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'edition' in WordNet: 2. (3) edition - (all of the identical copies of something offered to the public at the same time; 'the first edition appeared in 1920'; 'it was too late for the morning edition'; 'they issued a limited edition of Bach recordings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork, :PublishedMaterial, :Version . :Editor :guid "bd58fb65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "editor1n" ; :wordnet "editor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who edits a ''ConceptualWork'' (of ay kind, not just newspapers) with the goal of recognizing parts that can be improved and recommending changes that the ''Editor''considers improvents. See ''Editing'' for more detail about this Action. An 'editor in chief' woud be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'editor' in WordNet: 1. (17) editor, editor in chief - (a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :MediaProfessional, :Person, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropositionalConceptualWork ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Editing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Editorial :pertainsTo :Editing, :Editor ; :wnsense "editorial2adj" ; :wordnet "editorial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Editorial'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to an ''Editor'' or the type of work that an editor does. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'editorial' in Wordnet: 2. editorial - (relating to or characteristic of an editor; 'editorial duties') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EditorialColumn :wnsense "column5n", "editorial1n", "newspaper column1n" ; :wordnet "column", "editorial", "newspaper column" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EditorialColumn'' is a ''NewspaperColumn'' that is intended to represent the ''Opinion' of the writer, and is not presented as objective news. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'editorial' (not all 'columns' are Editrials) in WordNet: 1. (4) column, editorial, newspaper column - (an article giving opinions or perspectives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NewspaperColumn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAuthoredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Columnist ] . :Editorialistic :pertainsTo :EditorialColumn ; :wnsense "editorial1adj" ; :wordnet "editorial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Editorialistic'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to an ''EditorialColumn'' or the type of opinions expressed in one. NOTE: the term ''Editorialistic'' is invented to avoid conflict with the label ''Editorial'' pertaining editors. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'editorial' in Wordnet: 1. (1) editorial - (of or relating to an article stating opinions or giving perspectives; 'editorial column') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Educated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Educating ; :isTheOppositeOf :Uneducated ; :wnsense "educated1adj" ; :wordnet "educated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Educated'' is the attribute of a Person that has experienced a ''Educating'' Event. This term is usually used for those who have graduated from college, not just from high school.. Education beyond that point will be 'well educated'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'educated' in Wordnet: 1. (5) educated - (possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :WellInformed . :Educating :en "educating" ; :guid "bf3061bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "educate", "education" ; :wnsense "educate1v", "education1n", "educational program1n" ; :wordnet "educate", "education", "educational program" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC called 'Education' : CYC: A specialization of #$ServiceEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some #$Person receives some considerable quantity of knowledge which they did not have before. Any given #$Education event typically consists of many sub-events of #$Learning and #$Teaching. #$Education events differ from #$Training events in their typically longer duration, and in the fact that one may be 'trained' in practical skills rather than intellectual knowledge. NOTE: as a ServiceEvent, this is transitive and excludes self-education. For that, use 'Learning'. This corresponds most closely to verb sense 1 of 'educate' in WordNet - CYC the distinction of 'education' and 'training' seems to be reflected in the WordNet sense distinctions, and sense 1 is the sense indicating education in more than one subject; noun sense 1 of 'education' is the nominal equivalent. in WordNet: 1. (7) educate - (give an education to; 'We must educate our youngsters better') WN 'education' 1. (34) education, instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity - (the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill; 'he received no formal education'; 'our instruction was carefully programmed'; 'good classroom teaching is seldom rewarded') WN 'educational program' 1. educational program - (a program for providing education) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teaching ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Learning ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Education ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Educator ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Education :ldoce "education" ; :wnsense "education2n" ; :wordnet "education" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Knowledge one gains by being educated. A Group of many bits of 'Knowledge' as well as some general skills at being able to acquire more knowledge, usually acquired by a formal process of 'Educating', though self-education is possible. NOTE that 'Knowledge' and 'Education' are considered as composed of multiple individual facts, or pieces of knowledge, so the content of a full education can be considered 'Knowledge' as well as each of the component facts. enlighten, edify Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'education' in WordNet: 2. (10) education - (knowledge acquired by learning and instruction; 'it was clear that he had a very broad education') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Knowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Learning ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knowledge ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Educational :isAnAttributeOf :LearningExperience ; :pertainsTo :DisplayingaCollection, :Educating, :Education, :EducationalOrganization, :School ; :wnsense "educational1adj", "educational2adj" ; :wordnet "educational" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Educational'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Education'' or any activity or organization closely related education or associated aspects. NOTE: this is represented as a subAttribute of ''Informative'', which characterizes the Actions that assist in educating people, but may not be an appropriate attribute of buildings used for education or for educational organizations. Thus the Interpretation has some flexibility. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'educational' in WordNet: 1. (6) educational - (relating to the process of education; 'educational psychology') 2. (4) educational - (providing knowledge; 'an educational film') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informative, :PertainingAttributeValue . :EducationalDegree :guid "bd58a9fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "degree" ; :wnsense "degree3n" ; :wordnet "degree" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Credential. Each instance of #$EducationalDegree is a credential conferred by some instance of #$EducationalOrganization on a student who has successfully completed a prescribed course of study there. #$EducationalDegree includes as instances high school, associate, baccalaureate, licensate, magisterial, professional, and doctoral degrees. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'degree' in WordNet: 3. (15) academic degree, degree - (an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study; 'he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Credential . :EducationalOrganization :guid "bd588d41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$EducationalOrganization is an organization whose primary function is to provide teaching and/or training as a service for students. Instances of #$EducationalOrganization may be either public or private institutions. Instances of this collection include #$AustinISD (the #$CityOfAustinTX Independent School District), #$StanfordUniversity, #$BrynMawrCollege, #$UniversityOfPennsylvaniaSchoolOfMedicine, and many other institutions. SUMO: A EducationalOrganization is an institution of learning. Some examples are public and private K-12 schools, and colleges and universities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Educational ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EducationalRank :en "educational rank", "grade", "school rank", "year" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EducationalRank'' is the formal ''Rank'' for students in a particular ''SchoolGrade''. This is a ''Status'' (a ''PersistentState'') and is not the actual people who 'perform' that ''Rank''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rank . :EducationalSystem :guid "bd5e42ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A system of educational organizations that are controlled by a central administrative system (e.g. AISD, UT-System). NOTE: as a 'FunctionalSystem', this must include some Objects ased as components of the system.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcademicOrganization, :FunctionalSystem, :Group . :Educator :guid "bd5905ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :practicesOccupation :TeachingAsAnOccupation ; :wnsense "educator1n" ; :wordnet "educator" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person whose main occupation is either to teach in some educational institution, or to teach teachers how to teach, or to perform research on how to teach, and to provide advice to Teachers or other educators. This specific sense is not clearly specified in WordNet. This differs from''Instructor'' in being restricted to teaching in educational institutions. Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 1 of 'educator' in WordNet: 1. (9) educator, pedagogue, pedagog - (someone who educates young people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Instructor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeachingAsAnOccupation ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Educating ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EducationalSystem ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Eek :en "hey" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eek'' is a suddenly emitted word expressing fright at something that appears or is communicated. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :Eel :guid "d544b2d8-566c-41d7-91ae-b10bcbf8f690" ; :wnsense "eel2n" ; :wordnet "eel" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'eel' in WordNet: 2. eel - (voracious snakelike marine or freshwater fishes with smooth slimy usually scaleless skin and having a continuous vertical fin but no ventral fins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VentralFin ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ] . :Eerie :wnsense "eerie1adj" ; :wordnet "eerie" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eerie' in Wordnet: 1. eerie - (suggestive of the supernatural; mysterious; 'an eerie feeling of deja vu') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strange . :Effect :ldoce "effect", "result" ; :wnsense "consequence1n", "effect1n", "event4n", "final result1n", "issue7n", "outcome1n", "outcome2n", "result1n", "termination3n", "upshot1n" ; :wordnet "consequence", "effect", "event", "final result", "issue", "outcome", "result", "termination", "upshot" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SituationProcessEventOrState that plays the Role of an Effect of something. This is an Event, Process, or State that occurs due to some other Event, which precedes the Effect and is a major cause of the Effect (is not merely an enabling condition). NOTE that sense 1 of 'outcome' (a final result of some event whose outcome was uncertain as between two or more prominent possibilities) is also included in this sense, but is also represented as the subtype 'Outcome'. The restriction requires that, for each instance of 'Effect' one needs to specify what it is the effect of. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'effect', sense 2 of 'outcome',sense 1 of 'consequence' and sense 1 of 'result' and part (a situation, not a material object) of sense 2 ''offspering' in WordNet: WN 'effect' 1. (612) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot - (a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; 'the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise'; 'his decision had depressing consequences for business'; 'he acted very wise after the event') WN 'outcome': 1. (16) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Effective :isAnAttributeValueOf :Argument, :Device, :Method ; :isTheOppositeOf :Ineffective ; :ldoce "effective" ; :wnsense "effective1adj", "effective3adj" ; :wordnet "effective" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute value that the thing thus characterized achieves its intended purpose to some satisafactory criterion. This does not mean that nothing could be more effective, just that some minimum criterion is reached. This can be an attribute of Devices or Methods or perhaps of arguments, or anything with a purpose. Something can be Strong and Effective at the same time - see 'Strong' and 'Powerful'. These attributes do not imply each other. NOTE that artifacts are designed with a purpose, and the default is that they can achieve that purpose. Unclear how one would apply this attribute to artifacts - more effective than others with the same purpose,or effective in some situations but not others? Methods may be more varied in effectiveness particularly for specific situations. Corresponds to senses 1 and 3 of 'effective' which are hard to distinguish in WordNet: 1. (30) effective, effectual, efficacious - (producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; 'an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation'- LewisMumford; 'effective teaching methods'; 'effective steps toward peace'; 'made an effective entrance'; 'his complaint proved to be effectual in bringing action'; 'an efficacious law') 3. (8) effective - (works well as a means or remedy; 'an effective reprimand'; 'a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EffectivenessValue . :EffectiveDrugProduct a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EffectiveDrugProduct'' is a ''DrugProduct'' that has been proven effective. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TherapeuticallyEffective ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EffectivenessValue :guid "bd58e668-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "effectiveness1n", "effectivity1n", "effectuality1n", "effectualness1n" ; :wordnet "effectiveness", "effectivity", "effectuality", "effectualness" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EffectivenessValue'' is the parent for attribute values characterizing the degree to which something achieves its intended purpose; these values can be applied to (1) instances of actions that have some goal; (2) specifications for procedures, categorizing how well they accomplish their intended purpose; (3) efficacy of medical treatments (including regimens of drug substances, indicating how well they achieve the intended therapeutic effect. The subtypes can be qualitative values ('Effective', 'Ineffective') or quantitative values (% effectiveness); the latter can be used to characterize effectiveness of medical treatments. NOTE: #$Effectiveness in Cyc is an attribute only of the manner in which agents perform an action. It is broader in COSMO. This type includes both meanings of 'Effectiveness' in WordNet: 1. (11) effectiveness, effectivity, effectualness, effectuality - (power to be effective; the quality of being able to bring about an effect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Effeminate :wnsense "cissy1adj", "effeminate1adj", "emasculate1adj", "epicene2adj", "sissified1adj", "sissy1adj", "sissyish1adj" ; :wordnet "cissy", "effeminate", "emasculate", "epicene", "sissified", "sissy", "sissyish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'effeminate' in Wordnet: 1. effeminate, emasculate, epicene, cissy, sissified, sissyish, sissy - (having unsuitable feminine qualities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Effervescent :isAnAttributeValueOf :LiquidSubstance ; :wnsense "bubbling1adj", "bubbly1adj", "effervescent1adj", "effervescing1adj", "foaming1adj", "foamy2adj", "frothy1adj", "sparkling2adj" ; :wordnet "bubbling", "bubbly", "effervescent", "effervescing", "foaming", "foamy", "frothy", "sparkling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Effervescent'' is an Attribute of a ''LiquidSubstance'' that emits bubbles spontaneously, usually of ''Carbon\"dioxide'' but possibly of other gases such as air, if pressure is released. NOTE: Entry ''Frothy'' differs from 'Effervescent''in that ''Frothy'' characterizes outdoor ''BodyOfWater'' with the froth due to water agitation,,whereas 'Effervescent'' refers to water in containers in which the bubles are internally generated by chemical process or contained gas release. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'effervescent' in Wordnet: 1. sparkling, effervescent - (used of wines and waters; charged naturally or artificially with carbon dioxide; 'sparkling wines'; 'sparkling water') 2. effervescent - ((of a liquid) giving off bubbles) WN adj ''bubbly': 1. bubbling, bubbly, foaming, foamy, frothy, effervescing - (emitting or filled with bubbles as from carbonation or fermentation; 'bubbling champagne'; 'foamy (or frothy) beer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Effervescing :eng "effervescing", "sparkling" ; :wnsense "effervesce1v", "fizz1v", "foam1v", "froth1v", "sparkle4v" ; :wordnet "effervesce", "fizz", "foam", "froth", "sparkle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Effervescing'' is the action of a liquid that emits many tiny bubbles into the air above. The bubbles may be of any gas; commonly it is carbon dioxide for 'sparkling' beverages, but for surf waves it may be trapped air forming bubbles while under water. Liquid containing a substance that can act as a surfactant can emit bubbles that collect as a 'foam' at the top of the liquid - as in Beer. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'effervesce' in WordNet: 1. foam, froth, fizz, effervesce, sparkle - (form bubbles; 'The boiling soup was frothing'; 'The river was foaming'; 'Sparkling water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gas ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmbientAirObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :Efficacy :wnsense "efficaciousness1n", "efficacy1n" ; :wordnet "efficaciousness", "efficacy" ; a :AttributeType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Efficacy'' is a general attribute that take values indicating how well an Object or Action performs its intended function or purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'efficacy' in WordNet: 1. (6) efficacy, efficaciousness - (capacity or power to produce a desired effect; 'concern about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capability, :EffectivenessValue . :EfficiencyPercentage :guid "bf58a184-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "efficiency1n" ; :wordnet "efficiency" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ratio, expressed as a percentage, of useful output to input in a system or process. For some devices, the assumed 100% would be a conversion of one form of energy (e.g. electrical) to another for (e.g. mechanical) without loss of energy 'The motor operated at 75% efficiency'. This is a technical quantitative term, not representing the 'efficiency' of people performing their tasks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'efficiency' in Wordnet: 1. (13) efficiency - (the ratio of the output to the input of any system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercentageAttributeValue . :EfficiencyValue :wnsense "efficiency1n" ; :wordnet "efficiency" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EfficiencyValue'' is a quantitative ratio of an output of some product to the input of some resource required to produce that product. There may be more than one resource required, and each would have a different ''EfficiencyValue''. The resources can be of many types - person-hours of labor, monetary cost, quantities of objects or substances. The actual linguistic expression of efficiency may invert the numerator form output to input, in which case an inrease in that 'efficiency' would be a decrease in that numerical value: 'The efficiency of production increased from twenty dollars per ton to fifteen dollars' is equivalent to 'The cost of production decreased from twenty dollars per ton to fifteen dollars' This is a technical quantitative term, not representing the 'efficiency' of people performing their tasks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'efficiency' in Wordnet: 1. (13) efficiency - (the ratio of the output to the input of any system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :RatioQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :ResourceRatio ] . :Efficient :isTheOppositeOf :Inefficient ; :wnsense "efficient1adj" ; :wordnet "efficient" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Efficient'' is a more intense form of being 'Effective'', being an ability to accomplish a task using less than average time, money, or resources. This can be appied to people, procedures, or devices. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'efficient' in WordNet: 1. (11) efficient - (being effective without wasting time or effort or expense; 'an efficient production manager'; 'efficient engines save gas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effective . :Efficiently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Efficient ; :wnsense "efficiently1adv", "expeditiously1adv", "with efficiency1adv" ; :wordnet "efficiently", "expeditiously", "with efficiency" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Efficiently'' is an AdverbialModifier for actions that specifies that the action was performed in an ''Efficient'' manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'efficiently' in WordNet: 1. (2) efficiently, expeditiously, with efficiency - (in an efficient manner; 'he functions efficiently') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Effortful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Obligation, :Task ; :wnsense "effortful1adj" ; :wordnet "effortful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Effortful'' characterizes an ''Obligation'' or ''Task'' (some work to be performed) that requires more than a few minutes of time or more than a small amount of ''ExertingEffort'' to accomplish. Tasks imposing a non-trivial psychological concern or requiring significantly more working time are characterized as the subtype ''Onerous'' (for imposing a psychological burden) or ''Arduous'' (for requiring substantial physical effort). NOTE: the WN gloss suggests a requirement for 'great effort' but this type only implies some non-trivial effort, and does not necessarily imply an effort that is either strenuous or very time-consuming; that sense is for the subtypes ''Onerous''.or ''Arduous''. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'effortful' in Wordnet: 1. effortful - (requiring great physical effort) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Effortless :wnsense "effortless1adj" ; :wordnet "effortless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'effortless' in Wordnet: 1. (1) effortless - (requiring or apparently requiring no effort; 'the swallows glided in an effortless way through the busy air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EasyToDo . :Egg :guid "bdb69f71-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "egg" ; :wnsense "egg1n", "egg2n" ; :wordnet "egg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody of an Animal. This includes Bird and Reptile eggs, as well as mammalian ova. NOTE that this is not classed as a 'body part' because it is more commonly thought of as existing outside the body, though produced there. Includes senses 1 and part of sense 2 of 'egg' in Wordnet; sense 2 is included because a single egg is not a 'food' substance, though it is a FoodObject; for the Food 'eggs' use 'Egg-Foodstuff'. in WordNet: 1. (19) egg - (animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds) 2. (1) egg, eggs - (oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBLO, :ConvexTangibleObject, :ReproductiveBody . :Egg-Foodstuff :ldoce "egg" ; :wnsense "egg2n", "eggs1n" ; :wordnet "egg", "eggs" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The edible portion of a bird's egg, considered as a food substance. This includes the whites and the yolk, together or separately. Corresponds to part of sense 2 of 'egg' and sense 1 of 'eggs' in WordNet, being the edible (non-shell) part of a bird's egg: in WordNet: 2. (1) egg, eggs - (oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakfastFood, :Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdsEgg ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :EggShaped :wnsense "egg-shaped1adj", "oviform1adj", "ovoid1adj" ; :wordnet "egg-shaped", "oviform", "ovoid" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EggShaped' is a subtype of 'Ovoidal' (subtype of ''Ellipsoidal''), being the three-dimensional shape attribute of a 'BirdsEgg', i.e. an 'Ovoid' that is wider at one end than at the other. This is specifically intended to specify the shape of the surface of a hen's egg. It can be visualized as half of a sphere fused to half of an 'Ovoid' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'egg-shaped' in Wordnet: 1. egg-shaped, elliptic, elliptical, oval, oval-shaped, ovate, oviform, ovoid, prolate -- (rounded like an egg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ovoidal . :EggShell :en "egg shell" ; :ldoce "shell" ; :wnsense "eggshell1n", "shell5n" ; :wordnet "eggshell", "shell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The hard shell of most eggs. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'shell' in WordNet: 5. shell, eggshell - (the exterior covering of a bird's egg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Egg ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdsEgg ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :EggWhite :wnsense "egg white1n", "white10n" ; :wordnet "egg white", "white" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EggWhite'' is the object consisting of the ''Egg whites in one ''BirdsEgg'', a ''PhysicalObject'' (not the substance). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'egg white' in Wordnet: 1. egg white, white, albumen, ovalbumin - (the white part of an egg; the nutritive and protective gelatinous substance surrounding the yolk consisting mainly of albumin dissolved in water; 'she separated the whites from the yolks of several eggs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ovoid, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggWhiteStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gelatinous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :White ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdsEgg ; owl:onProperty :isanInternalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ovoidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Albumen ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggWhiteStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :EggWhiteStuff :en "egg whites" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance comprising the 'whites' portion of a bird's egg, (disjoint with the 'yolk'), considered as a food substance. Contains egg albumin. Used mostly in preparing foods, but also for other purposes. NOTE that the label 'egg whites' indicates this is a substance, not an object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :Egg-Foodstuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggWhite ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainConstituentSubstanceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Albumen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :EggYolkStuff a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subsance comprising the 'yolk' portion of a bird's egg, (disjoint with the 'yolk'), considered as a food substance. Contains egg albumin. Used mostly in preparing foods, but also for other purposes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Egg-Foodstuff . :Eggplant :wnsense "aubergine2n", "eggplant1n", "mad apple2n" ; :wordnet "aubergine", "eggplant", "mad apple" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 1. (1) eggplant, aubergine, mad apple - (egg-shaped vegetable having a shiny skin typically dark purple but occasionally white or yellow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolanaceousVegetable, :SolidFoodObject, :Tuber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggplantPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ] . :EggplantBush :wnsense "Solanum melongena1n", "aubergine1n", "brinjal1n", "eggplant bush1n", "eggplant2n", "garden egg1n", "mad apple1n" ; :wordnet "Solanum melongena", "aubergine", "brinjal", "eggplant", "eggplant bush", "garden egg", "mad apple" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eggplant bush' in WordNet: 1. eggplant, aubergine, brinjal, eggplant bush, garden egg, mad apple, Solanum melongena - (hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant, :Plant-NonWoody . :EggplantPlant :wnsense "Solanum melongena1n", "aubergine1n", "brinjal1n", "eggplant bush1n", "eggplant2n", "garden egg1n", "mad apple1n" ; :wordnet "Solanum melongena", "aubergine", "brinjal", "eggplant", "eggplant bush", "garden egg", "mad apple" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eggplant' in WordNet: 2. eggplant, aubergine, brinjal, eggplant bush, garden egg, mad apple, Solanum melongena - (hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant, :Species, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eggplant ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Ego :wnsense "ego2n", "self1n" ; :wordnet "ego", "self" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ego'' is the part of 'Consciousness' in which a Person is aware of her/his own identity. Contrasts with 'id'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ego' in WordNet: 2. (1) self, ego - (your consciousness of your own identity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, :NormalOrganismCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Consciousness ] . :Egotism :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Conceited ; :wnsense "conceit5n", "conceitedness1n", "ego1n", "egotism1n", "egotism2n", "self-importance1n", "self-importance2n", "swelled head1n", "vanity3n" ; :wordnet "conceit", "conceitedness", "ego", "egotism", "self-importance", "swelled head", "vanity" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Egotism'' is an unwarranted and excessive ''Self-Esteem'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'egotism' in WordNet: 1. (2) egotism, self-importance, swelled head - (an exaggerated opinion of your own importance) 2. ego, egotism, self-importance - (an inflated feeling of pride in your superiority to others) WN noun 'conceitedness': 1. conceit, conceitedness, vanity - (the trait of being unduly vain and conceited) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Self-Esteem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Egotist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Egotist :wnsense "egoist1n", "egotist1n", "swellhead1n" ; :wordnet "egoist", "egotist", "swellhead" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Egotist''' is a ''DisagreeablePerson'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'egotist' in WordNet: 1. (3) egotist, egoist, swellhead - (a conceited and self-centered person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisagreeablePerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Egotism ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conceited ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelfCentered ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Egregious :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Dishonesty ; :isTheOppositeOf :Honest ; :wnsense "crying3adj", "egregious1adj", "flagrant1adj", "glaring2adj", "gross5adj", "rank3adj" ; :wordnet "crying", "egregious", "flagrant", "glaring", "gross", "rank" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Egregious'' is an AttributeValue of behavior that is conspicuously bad. 'flagrant abuse of authority'; Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'egregious' in WordNet: 1. crying, egregious, flagrant, glaring, gross, rank - (conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible; 'a crying shame'; 'an egregious lie'; 'flagrant violation of human rights'; 'a glaring error'; 'gross ineptitude'; 'gross injustice'; 'rank treachery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Egret :guid "bd6700c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "egret1n" ; :wordnet "egret" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'egret' in WordNet: 1. egret - (any of various usually white herons having long plumes during breeding season) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Heron, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :White ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Egypt :wnsense "Egypt1n" ; :wordnet "Egypt" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Egypt' in WordNet: 1. (2) Egypt, Arab Republic of Egypt, United Arab Republic - (a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC) """ . :Egyptian :isAnAttributeValueOf :Egypt ; :pertainsTo :Egypt, :EgyptianPerson ; :wnsense "Egyptian1adj" ; :wordnet "Egyptian" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Egyptian' in Wordnet: 1. Egyptian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Egypt or its people or their language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EgyptianArchitecturalStyle :guid "cd59abba-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for a structure in the achitectural style of Ancient Egypt. The #$EgyptianArchitecturalStyle is a style of building design developed in #$AncientEgypt for thousands of years, and it was ocassionally revived in the 17th through 20th Centuries in locations around the world. It is characterized by the use of carvings or other decorations with Egyptian-style motifs, symmetric arrangements of lotus-columns, massive forms with slanted walls or pyramids, or obelisks, and a lack of pediments or other Greek and Roman style details.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact . :EgyptianPerson :wnsense "Egyptian1n" ; :wordnet "Egyptian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Egyptian' in WordNet: 1. Egyptian - (a native or inhabitant of Egypt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Egypt ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :EidgenossisheTechnischeHochschule a :University . :Eight-Year-Old :en "eight-year-old" ; :enadj "eight-year-old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eight-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are eight years old, i.e. were created or born eight years in the past. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :EightChocolateBars :en "eight chocolate bars" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EightChocolateBars'' is a ''QuantityOfSomething'' in which the 'quantity' is Eight and the something is a ''ChocolateBar''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "8" ; owl:hasValue :ChocolateBar ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :EightLegs :hasObjectType :Leg ; :hasQuantifier :N_8 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :EightPackOfChocolateBars :en "eight-pack of chocolate bars" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EightPackOfChocolateBars'' is a ''PackOfChocolateBars'' having a plastic wrapping and Eight 'ChocolateBar''s in it. Different numbers can be specified using a different cardinality value. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PackOfChocolateBars, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ChocolateBar ; owl:cardinality "8" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :EightTentacles :hasObjectType :Tentacle ; :hasQuantifier :N_8 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :EightYearOldChild :en "eight year old" ; :enn "eight year old" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EightYears ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :EightYears :hasQuantifier :N_8 ; a :TimeDuration-Years ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration-Years' with a value of years. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :Eighteenth :hasNumericalAbbreviation "18th" ; :hasOrderNumber "18"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "18th1adj", "eighteenth1adj" ; :wordnet "18th", "eighteenth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The eighteenth element in a series. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighteenth' in Wordnet: 1. (7) eighteenth, 18th - (coming next after the seventeenth in position) """ . :Eighth :hasNumericalAbbreviation "8th" ; :hasOrderNumber "8"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "eighth" ; :wnsense "eighth1adj" ; :wordnet "eighth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighth' in WordNet: 1. (12) eighth, 8th - (coming next after the seventh and just before the ninth in position) """ . :EighthNote :wnsense "eighth note1n" ; :wordnet "eighth note" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EighthNote'' is a ''MusicalNote'' that lasts for one-eighth of the time of a full note duration, at the tempo of the piece being played.' NOTE: Wn does not appear to distinguish between the note as a sound and the notation, referred to by the same terms. The same synset is used in COSMO to point to the WN terms labelling both concepts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eighth note' in WordNet: 1. eighth note, quaver - (a musical note having the time value of an eighth of a whole note) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalNote, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quaver ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :Eighty :hasCardinalityNumber "80"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "80"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "eighty1adj" ; :wordnet "eighty" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''Eighty'' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty' in WordNet: 1. (6) eighty, 80, lxxx, fourscore - (being ten more than seventy) """ . :EightyEight :hasCardinalityNumber "88"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "88"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "881adj", "eighty-eight1adj", "lxxxviii1adj" ; :wordnet "88", "eighty-eight", "lxxxviii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightyEight' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-eight instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-eight' in Wordnet: 1. eighty-eight, 88, lxxxviii - (being eight more than eighty) """ . :EightyFive :hasCardinalityNumber "85"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "85"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "851adj", "eighty-five1adj", "lxxxv1adj" ; :wordnet "85", "eighty-five", "lxxxv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightyFive' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-five instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-five' in Wordnet: 1. eighty-five, 85, lxxxv - (being five more than eighty) """ . :EightyFour :hasCardinalityNumber "84"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "84"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "841adj", "eighty-four1adj", "lxxxiv1adj" ; :wordnet "84", "eighty-four", "lxxxiv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightyFour' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-four instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-four' in Wordnet: 1. eighty-four, 84, lxxxiv - (being four more than eighty) """ . :EightyNine :hasCardinalityNumber "89"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "89"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "881adj", "eighty-eight1adj", "ixc1adj" ; :wordnet "88", "eighty-eight", "ixc" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightyNine' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-nine instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-nine' in Wordnet: 1. eighty-nine, 89, ixc - (being nine more than eighty) """ . :EightyOne :hasCardinalityNumber "81"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "81"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "811adj", "eighty-one1adj", "lxxxi1adj" ; :wordnet "81", "eighty-one", "lxxxi" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightyOne' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-one instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-one' in Wordnet: 1. eighty-one, 81, lxxxi - (being two more than eighty) """ . :EightySeven :hasCardinalityNumber "87"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "87"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "871adj", "eighty-seven1adj", "lxxxvii1adj" ; :wordnet "87", "eighty-seven", "lxxxvii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightySeven' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-seven instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-seven' in Wordnet: 1. eighty-seven, 87, lxxxvii - (being seven more than eighty) """ . :EightySix :hasCardinalityNumber "86"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "86"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "861adj", "eighty-six1adj", "lxxxvi1adj" ; :wordnet "86", "eighty-six", "lxxxvi" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightySix' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-six instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-six' in Wordnet: 1. eighty-six, 86, lxxxvi - (being six more than eighty) """ . :EightyThree :hasCardinalityNumber "83"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "83"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "831adj", "eighty-three1adj", "lxxxiii1adj" ; :wordnet "83", "eighty-two", "lxxxiii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightyThree' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-two instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-three' in Wordnet: 1. eighty-three, 83, lxxxiii - (being three more than eighty) """ . :EightyTwo :hasCardinalityNumber "82"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "82"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "821adj", "eighty-two1adj", "lxxxii1adj" ; :wordnet "82", "eighty-two", "lxxxii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightyTwo' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-two instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-two' in Wordnet: 1. eighty-two, 82, lxxxii - (being two more than eighty) """ . :EineKleineNachtMusik :wasCreatedBy :Mozart ; a :MusicalComposition . :Einstein :en "Albert Einstein", "Einstein" ; :hasCapability :IQ180 ; :hasMassInGrams "60000"^^xsd:float ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Famous ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isTheAuthorOf :SpecialRelativity ; :isaGraduateOf :EidgenossisheTechnischeHochschule ; a :DeadPerson, :Graduate, :Physicist, :ProfessionalAuthor, :UnitedStatesPerson ; rdfs:comment """Albert Einstein, the famous physicist. in WordNet: 1. (2) Einstein, Albert Einstein - (physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity; Einstein also proposed that light consists of discrete quantized bundles of energy (later called photons) (1879-1955)) """ . :Einsteinium :guid "bd91b2d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "99"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Es1n", "einsteinium1n" ; :wordnet "Es", "einsteinium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Einsteinium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'einsteinium' in WordNet: 1. einsteinium, Es, E, atomic number 99 - (a radioactive transuranic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :EinsteinsWishForWorldPeace :hasDesiredSituation :PermanentWorldPeace ; :isDirectedToward :PermanentWorldPeace ; :wasExperiencedBy :Einstein ; a :Desire . :EitherOr :ldoce "either" ; a :Conjunction ; rdfs:comment """'either . . . or' is a conjunction consisting of two words separated by one of two alternatives. The alternatives can be single words or complex phrases: 'either John or Mary bought it' 'Either Rome fell in 476, or the Visigoths were gentleman-scholars.' This phrase is not represented in WordNet. """ . :EitherOrChoice :en "either-or choice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EitherOrChoice'' is a ''SelectingBetween'' where the list of alternatives to choose has only two possibilities. No real difference from parent? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelectingBetween, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Binary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ejaculating :guid "c0430c37-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ejaculate2v" ; :wordnet "ejaculate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of ejaculation events. In an individual event in this collection #$Semen passes through the #$Urethra from the #$Prostate out of the body transiting the #$CorpusSpongiosum (which would normally be engorged with blood for this process), the #$GlansPenis, and therefore the length of the #$Penis. This is a normal subevent (see #$subEvents) of #$SexualCopulation. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'ejaculate' in WordNet: 2. ejaculate - (eject semen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, :EmittingStuff, :InvoluntaryBodyMovement, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Semen ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :ElSalvador a :Country . :Elaborate :wnsense "elaborate1adj", "luxuriant1adj" ; :wordnet "elaborate", "luxuriant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Elaborate'' is the attribute of objects or Events that have a lot of interacting details. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'elaborate' in Wordnet: 1. (9) elaborate, luxuriant - (marked by complexity and richness of detail; 'an elaborate lace pattern') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Elasmobranch :wnsense "elasmobranch1n", "selachian1n" ; :wordnet "elasmobranch", "selachian" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elasmobranch' in WordNet: 1. elasmobranch, selachian - (any of numerous fishes of the class Chondrichthyes characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales: sharks; rays; skates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CartilaginousFish, :MarineOrganism . :Elastic :guid "e3810508-74b9-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "elastic" ; :wnsense "elastic1adj", "stretchable1adj", "stretchy1adj" ; :wordnet "elastic", "stretchable", "stretchy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: has greater than Inelastic Elasticity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'elastic' in WordNet: 1. (5) elastic - (capable of resuming original shape after stretching or compression; springy; 'an elastic band'; 'a youthful and elastic walk') WN adj 'stretchable': 1. stretchable, stretchy - (capable of being easily stretched and resuming former size or shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flexible . :ElasticObject :en "elastic object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object that is stretchable and springs back.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elastic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Elasticity :guid "bd5884d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "elasticity1n", "snap8n" ; :wordnet "elasticity", "snap" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Elasticity'' is an AttributeType that represents the state of something that can be stretched and then recover its original length. NOTE: thus type conflates two distinguishable senses: (1) the quality of being elastic - having attribute ' Elastic' The WN gloss suggest this as the WN sense. (2) the property (like 'color' or 'length') that can take specific values that differ, from lesser ('inelastic') to greater degrees of elasticity. These two should be separated whe needed. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Elasticity is a specific ability of a physical material to quickly and completely return to its original shape after deformation that does not induce breakage, without permanent change to its original dimensions. For example, billiard balls have a high degree of elasticity in this sense. Elasticities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$elasticityOfObject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elasticity' in WordNet: 1. (3) elasticity, snap - (the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed; 'the waistband had lost its snap') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flexibility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elastic ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elastic ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ] . :Elation :guid "bd58c09b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isanIntensiveFormOf :Delight ; :wnsense "elation1n", "elation2n", "high spirits1n", "lightness1n" ; :wordnet "elation", "high spirits", "lightness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """More intense than just being ''Happy'' Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'elation' in WordNet: 1. (1) elation - (an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression) 2. (1) elation, high spirits, lightness - (a feeling of joy and pride) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Joy, :Pride . :ElbeRiver :guid "bd58ac0d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "A river of central Europe" . :Elbow :guid "bd58e335-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "elbow" ; :wnsense "elbow1n" ; :wordnet "elbow" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The joint where the arm bends. SUMO: The joint in the Arm connecting the forearm and the upper arm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elbow' in WordNet: 1. (9) elbow, elbow joint, human elbow, cubitus, cubital joint, articulatio cubiti - (hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Joint-AnimalBodyPart . :ElbowAndWrist :hasComponentElement :Elbow, :Wrist ; a :Group, :Pair . :Elder :wnsense "elder1n", "senior2n" ; :wordnet "elder", "senior" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Elder'' is an ''HumanAdult'' who is older than the Person of reference. People already old are not usually considered to have ''Elder''s, as that term is used in this sense mostly in talking to children, as in 'Mind your elders.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elder' in WordNet: 1. (3) elder, senior - (a person who is older than you are) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult . :Elderly :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Old ; :wnsense "aged1adj", "elderly1adj", "senior3adj" ; :wordnet "aged", "elderly", "senior" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Elderly'' is a term meaning ''Old'' but applied to humans,where it has a specific meaning - 65 years or older. For the simple comparative that does not include the notion of 'being old' use ''Older''. Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'aged' in WordNet: 1. (11) aged, elderly, older, senior - (advanced in years; ('aged' is pronounced as two syllables); 'aged members of the society'; 'elderly residents could remember the construction of the first skyscraper'; 'senior citizen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Older . :Eldest :wnsense "eldest1adj", "firstborn1adj" ; :wordnet "eldest", "firstborn" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Eldest'' ''SonOrDaughter'' is a ''Child'' who is was the first born ('firstborn') of all chidren or of children of its sex, from the same two parents. In some cultures this is a relevant factor in determining certain rights, such as inheritance of property or titles of nobility. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eldest' in Wordnet: 1. (2) firstborn, eldest - (first in order of birth; 'the firstborn child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Older . :EldestSon :en "eldest son" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EldestSon'' is the ''Eldest'' ''Son'' of some Person, being first of his sex born, before any other son of that Person. In some cultures the '''EldestSon'' has preferred rights, such as rights of inheritance of property or titles of nobility. The ''EldestSon'' ''hasRight'' ''Primogeniture'', but only in cultures where that Right exists and is enforced. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Son, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eldest ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Primogeniture ; owl:onProperty :hasRight ] . :Elected :en "elected" ; :enadj "elected" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Electee ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ElectingSomeone ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Elected'' is the attribute of an ''Electee'', who was election in some ''Election' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ElectedOfficial :guid "d4f26b1c-d562-41d6-9fe0-aa8aaf00df3d" ; :wnsense "elected official1n" ; :wordnet "elected official" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all public officals [#$PublicOfficial] in positions normally filled by election. Occasionaly such offices can be filled by appointment or succession (e.g., when the previous office holder retires or dies) or by ''stealing the election''. Such office holders are still considered instances of this collection. [This condition allows collections such as #$USSenator or #$UnitedStatesPresident to be specs of #$ElectedOfficial.]. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elected official' in WordNet: 1. elected official - (official who won the office in a free election) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delegate, :Electee, :Politician, :PublicOfficial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepresentingaConstituency ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Electee :en "electee" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Electee' is a Person chosen as the result of an 'Election', and both the Object and Subject (patient) of ''BecomingElected''. This is for an ''Election'' that fills some office (not an election that chooses a policy, which would be a BallotInitiative). There is no corresponding word in WordNet: """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Choice, :HumanRole, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectingSomeone ] . :ElectingArnold :hasTopic :ArnoldSchwarzenegger ; :isaSubEventOf :CaliforniaRecallElection2003 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :CaliforniaElectorate ; a :ElectingSomeone . :ElectingSomeone :ldoce "elect" ; :wnsense "elect1v", "vote in1v" ; :wordnet "elect", "vote in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ElectingSomeone'' is the subevent that is the result of an ''Election'' in which the Person selected (the ''Electee'') is determined. This is a transitive action performed by the electorate of the election dsctrict. Corresponds to WN Verb 'elect': in WordNet: 1. (21) elect - (select by a vote for an office or membership; 'We elected him chairman of the board') WN 'vote in': 1. (1) vote in - (elect in a voting process; 'They voted in Clinton') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deciding-Collectively, :SelectingAmong, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Election ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electorate ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electee ; owl:onProperty :patientAssumesRole ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elected ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electee ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electee ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electee ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :ElectingaGovernor a :RecurringActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ElectingaGovernor'' is a subevent of a ''GubernatorialElection'' representing the final result of *who* is elected. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectingSomeone, :RecurringAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GubernatorialElection ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :ElectingaPresidentOfUSA :ldoce "elect" ; :wnsense "elect1v", "vote in1v" ; :wordnet "elect", "vote in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ElectingaPresidentOfUSA'' is an 'ElectingSomeone'' where the Person elected becomes President Corresponds to WN Verb 'elect': in WordNet: 1. (21) elect - (select by a vote for an office or membership; 'We elected him chairman of the board') WN 'vote in': 1. (1) vote in - (elect in a voting process; 'They voted in Clinton') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectionOfaUSPresident ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnitedStatesPresident ] . :Election :guid "c10ae611-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "election" ; :wnsense "election1n" ; :wordnet "election" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Election'' is the Event in which people choose someone for some function. This includes all the subevents that lead up to the result. For the specific Action of selecting the winner (where the diret object is the ''Electee'') where the winner is specifically referenced, use ''ElectingSomeone''. CYC: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$Vote-CollectiveDecision and #$Competition. Each instance of #$Election is an event in which members of an #$Organization cast votes to determine who, out of a group of candidates, will hold some position in that organization. Important specializations of this collection include #$ElectionForOffice and #$PrimaryElection. See also #$BallotInitiative (which is disjoint with #$Election). SUMO: Election is the class of events conducted by an organization (which may be small and informal), in which qualified participants vote for officers, adopt resolutions, or settle other issues in that Organization. This Event includes instances of 'Voting' and may ionclude other subevents, such as preparations and administration of the voting process, and counting and publishing the results. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'election' and verb sense 1 of 'elect' and verb sense 1 of 'vote in' in WordNet: 1. (67) election - (a vote to select the winner of a position or political office; 'the results of the election will be announced tonight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecidingByVote, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :ElectionDistrict :wnsense "election district1n", "voting precinct1n" ; :wordnet "election district", "voting precinct" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Precinct'' is a ''CityArea'' with borders defined Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'election district' in WordNet: 1. voting precinct, election district - (one of several districts into which a city or town is divided for voting; each contains one polling place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Precinct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Election ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voting ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :ElectionOfaUSPresident :en "presidential election" ; :wnsense "election1n" ; :wordnet "election" ; a :RecurringActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Election to decide who will be the President of the United States of America.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Election, :RecurringAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :ElectonOfBillClinton :hasTopic :ElectionOfaUSPresident ; :isTheResultOf :The1992US_PresidentialElection ; a :Decision . :Electoral :pertainsTo :ElectingSomeone, :Election, :ElectionOfaUSPresident ; :wnsense "electoral1adj" ; :wordnet "electoral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Electoral'' is the attribute of something that pertains to an ''Election'' or the act of ''ElectingSomeone''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'electoral' in WordNet: 1. (11) electoral - (of or relating to elections; 'electoral process') 2. electoral - (relating to or composed of electors; 'electoral college') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ElectoralCandidate :guid "bf800c88-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "campaigner1n", "candidate1n", "nominee1n" ; :wordnet "campaigner", "candidate", "nominee" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that an electoral candidate need not be a 'nominee' of a political party. That is a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'candidate' in Wordnet: 1. (20) campaigner, candidate - (a politician who is running for public office) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Candidate, :Politician, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Choices ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :ElectoralDistrict a :AgentType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectoralDistrict''is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' that is represented by some ''ElectedOfficial'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Constituency ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ] . :Electorate :wnsense "electorate1n" ; :wordnet "electorate" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Electorate'' is a ''ElectoralDistrict'' that is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that live in some ''ElectoralDistrict''and are represented by some ''ElectedOfficial'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electorate' in WordNet: 1. electorate - (the body of enfranchised citizens; those qualified to vote) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voter ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectoralDistrict ; owl:onProperty :residesIn ] . :Electric :isAnAttributeValueOf :ElectricalDevice ; :ldoce "electric" ; :wnsense "electric1adj", "electrical2adj" ; :wordnet "electric", "electrical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute value that has several senses, depending on the type of thing it modifies. This is the aggregate of all senses - 'of, pertaining to, using, consisting of electricity of electrically charged particles' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'electric' in WordNet: 1. (16) electric, electrical - (using or providing or producing or transmitting or operated by electricity; 'electric current'; 'electric wiring'; 'electrical appliances'; 'an electrical storm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ElectricChandelier :wnsense "chandelier1n", "pendant2n", "pendent1n" ; :wordnet "chandelier", "pendant", "pendent" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is an ''ElectricChandelier'. For the non-electric (candles or gas), use the parent ''Chandelier''. Corresponds to part (for electric fixtures) of noun sense 1 of 'chandelier' in WordNet: 1. (3) chandelier, pendant, pendent - (branched lighting fixture; often ornate; hangs from the ceiling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chandelier, :ElectricLightFixture . :ElectricCircuit :wnsense "circuit1n", "electric circuit1n", "electrical circuit1n" ; :wordnet "circuit", "electric circuit", "electrical circuit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectricCircuit'' is a ''Path'' within some electrical device, along and around which a current of electrons can move, typically for the purpose of performing a useful function. This can be a circuit in a house,or a device, or over a longer distance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electric circuit' in WordNet: 1. (4) circuit, electrical circuit, electric circuit - (an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ElectricalConnection, :ManufacturedGoods . :ElectricCircuitGap :en "circuit break", "circuit gap", "electric circuit gap" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectricCircuitGap'' is a non-conductive ''Opening'' between two parts of an ''ElectricCircuit'' such that a current of electricity cannot flow between the parts. This is connected to an electric circuit, but because it cannot support current flow cannot be considered part of the circuit. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCircuit ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricallyNonconductive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ElectricCurrent :ldoce "current", "electricity" ; :wnsense "current1n", "electricity1n" ; :wordnet "current", "electricity" ; a :EmittableThingType, :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionalProcess during which electrons or other charged particles flow - usually through a conductor, but sometimes via a gap in space. The conductor can be a metal, a solution, or the air (as in a lightning discharge) NOTE that simple linear moving things like currents are represented as FunctionalProcesses, even though they have some of the character of a DynamicObject. A current of water is not an instance of DynamicObject. This distinction is not entirely arbitrary; a linear current has a flow rate as one of its salient characteristics, and that is represented as a time derivative, which is one salient characteristic of a FunctionalProcess. A DymanicObject will exhibit salient characteristics beyond a simple linear flow, as in the case of a tornado which moves up, down, and sideways as well as in a circle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'current' and part of sense 1 of 'electricity' in WordNet: 1. (12) current, electric current - (a flow of electricity through a conductor; 'the current was measured in amperes') WN noun 'electricity': 1. (8) electricity - (a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ] . :ElectricCurrentTransmission :en "electric current trnsmission", "electric power transmission" ; :enn "electric current trnsmission" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ElectricCurrentTransmission'' is a ''PowerTransmission'' in which the power comes from an electric current,and the voltage difference that drives the current. This includes large amounts of current transmitted by large outdoor ''PowerTransmissionLine''s as well as very small aounts of power transmitted by the submicron circuits within an integrated circuit chip. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PowerTransmission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalDevice ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :ElectricLamp :guid "bd58de4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lamp", "light" ; :wnsense "lamp2n", "light2n" ; :wordnet "lamp", "light" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection for all kinds of freestanding (easily moveable) electrical lamps. A lamp is a piece of Furniture, i.e. it is not a fixture. It may be a desk or floor lamp, but onverhead lights in the ceiling or wall fixtures are not 'Lamp's. Every 'lamp' is a Portableobject, i.e. it can be carried in one hand (by a male adult, at least). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lamp' and part of sense ofo 'light' in WordNet: 2. (2) lamp - (a piece of furniture holding one or more electric light bulbs) WN 'light': 2. (23) light, light source - (any device serving as a source of illumination; 'he stopped the car and turned off the lights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :PortableObject ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:ElectricalLightingDevice :FurniturePiece ) ] . :ElectricLightFixture :guid "bd58ef52-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTypicallyConnectedBy :Screw-Connector ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A fixture that gives off light. COSMO note: The SUMO definition, not requiring the light to be fixed to a structure, is satisfied by the 'LightingDevice' Type. This Type is more specific, for (more or less) permanently installed fixtures designed to give light, such as a chandelier attached to the ceiling or a wall light.. NOTE that a fixture is a 'Protrusion' from a wall or ceiling, or floor. The relation specifies that the Fastener (connector) used is typically a Screw. Cyc: Light fixtures are lights that are permanently attached as parts of rooms or buildings. e.g. Flourescent light fixtures in office building ceilings. SUMO: Any Device whose purpose is to be a source of visible light. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :ElectricalLightingDevice, :LightFixture, :Protrusion . :ElectricPowerGrid :guid "bdd63e25-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grid1n", "power grid1n", "power system1n" ; :wordnet "grid", "power grid", "power system" ; a :DeviceType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ConstructionArtifact and #$SpatialPathSystem. Each instance of #$ElectricPowerGrid is an electrical power supply system dedicated to satisfying the electrical power requirements of a population center which may be a #$City or a similar agglomeration of #$HumanOccupationConstructs. Paths within instances of #$ElectricPowerGrid will ordinarily be instances of #$ElectricalConduit. Power grids also will ordinarily include transformers (see #$TransformerSubstation), generators (see #$ElectricalGenerator), instances of #$ElectricalTerminal, and stations for monitoring the overall stability of the grid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power grid' in WordNet: 1. power system, power grid, grid - (a system of high tension cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a region) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :InfrastructureProduct, :WiringSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PowerTransmissionLine ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrentTransmission ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ElectricSensor :en "electric sensor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectricSensor'' is a ''SensorDevice'' that detects some phenomenon and outputs an electrical signal that can be interpreted by people or other devices. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, :SensorDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalSignal ; owl:onProperty :canEmit ] . :ElectricalCharge :ldoce "charge", "electricity" ; :takesValue :ChargeMeasure ; :wnsense "charge6n", "electric charge1n", "electricity1n" ; :wordnet "charge", "electric charge", "electricity" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ElectricalCharge' is a property possessed by some subatomic particles as well as atomic, molecular, and macroscopic objects. It is a quantitative measure, and the standard unit is the coulomb. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'electricity', sense 6 of 'charge' and sense 1 of 'electric charge'in WordNet: 1. (8) electricity - (a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons) WN noun 'charge' (NOTE: battery charge is *not* included here ): 6. (44) charge, electric charge - (the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons; 'the battery needed a fresh charge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :ElectricalComponent :en "electrical component" ; :guid "bd58d414-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ElectricalDevice and #$PhysicalPartOfObject. Each instance of #$ElectricalComponent is an #$ElectricalDevice which is normally considered to be a part of some larger, more clearly distinguished #$PhysicalDevice (for example, clearly distinguished in the sense that it is sold or moved as a unit). Each instance of #$ElectricalComponent must be connected with other parts in order to perform its #$primaryFunction. An ElectricalComponent will have a separate existence at some point in the manufacturing process even if every instance of a particular type of ElectricalComponent is inserted into the larger object. Examples are: Battery, Antenna, resistor.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ElectricalDevice, :EngineeringComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :ElectricalConduction :wnsense "current1n", "electric current1n", "electrical conduction1n" ; :wordnet "current", "electric current", "electrical conduction" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ElectricalConduction'' is a type of ''Conductivity'' in which the thing conducted is electricity (a flow of electrons). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical conduction' and sense 1 of 'current' in WordNet: 1. electrical conduction - (the passage of electricity through a conductor) WN noun 'current': 1. (12) current, electric current - (a flow of electricity through a conductor; 'the current was measured in amperes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conductivity, :ElectricalPhenomenon, :PowerTransmission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electron ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :ElectricalConductor :guid "bd588903-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasCapability :ElectricalConduction ; :wnsense "conductor3n" ; :wordnet "conductor" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$ConductingMedium. Each instance of #$ElectricalConductor is a partially tangible thing that can conduct electricity. Instances include power cords, electrical plugs, and pieces of metal. Corresponds to part (for electricity) of noun sense 3 of 'conductor' in WordNet: 3. (1) conductor - (a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConductingMedium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalConduction ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricallyConductive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ElectricalConnection :wnsense "connection3n" ; :wordnet "connection" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ElectricalConnection' is a Connection-Physical that is an ArtifactObject capable of carrying electrical current and designed to be part of an elecric circuit in a device. . This is a PhysicalObject that connects parts of a circuit that may have a potential difference; it can serve as a path for electrical current. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'connection ' in WordNet: 3. (4) connection, connexion, connector, connecter, connective - (an instrumentality that connects; 'he soldered the connection'; 'he didn't have the right connector between the amplifier and the speakers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ConductiveObject, :Connection-Physical, :Path-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfObjects ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToConnect ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ElectricalDevice :SUMO "ElectricDevice" ; :guid "bd58d451-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "electric" ; :wnsense "electric1adj", "electrical device1n", "electrical2adj" ; :wordnet "electric", "electrical", "electrical device" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$ElectricalDevice is a device that requires an input of electrical current (as its #$energySource) in order to perform its intended function(s). Instances of #$ElectricalDevice include both complex devices (for example, instances of the collections #$StereoSystem or #$Computer) and simpler ones (for example, instances of the collection #$ElectricalComponent). To be powered, an 'ElectricalDevice' must be connected to a source of electricity, such as a power line or a battery. The act of providing that power is represented as 'PoweringAnElectricalDevice' SUMO: (ElectricDevice) A Device that uses Electricity as its primary power source. NOTE linguistic usage: to prefix an objecgt by calling it 'electric' usually means that it is a subtype of instance of this class. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical device' in WordNet: 1. electrical device - (a device that produces or is powered by electricity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :usesEnergyType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electric ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ElectricalDischarge :wnsense "electrical discharge1n" ; :wordnet "electrical discharge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectricalDischarge'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical discharge' in WordNet: 1. electrical discharge - (a discharge of electricity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discharge, :ElectricalConduction . :ElectricalEvent :guid "bd589bcd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ElectricalEvent' is an Event in which some 'ElectricCurrent' flows somewhere for some interval of time. CYC: The class of electrical events. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ] . :ElectricalFuse :CYC "Fuse-ElectricalComponent" ; :guid "bd58d3ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "electrical fuse1n", "fuse1n", "safety fuse2n" ; :wordnet "electrical fuse", "fuse", "safety fuse" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ElectricalFuse'' is an ''ElectricalDevice'' whose primary function is to break an electrical circuit so as to interrupt the current flow when a level of current is reached that presents a danger of overheating or causing some other undesired condition. Various different objects can serve as a fuse; one of the simplest and oldest is a lead wire that melts when the current gets too high,creating a gap in the circuit. Later fuses have a similarly melting metal contained within a small unit just larger than the screw-in base of a light bulb, that screws into a fuse box and is easily replaceable when it 'overloads' and melts. More modern devices with similar function are 'circuit breakers'. CYC 'Fuse-ElectricalComponent':Device that prevents another electrical device from drawing too much electrical current. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical fuse' in WordNet: 1. fuse, electrical fuse, safety fuse - (an electrical device that can interrupt the flow of electrical current when it is overloaded) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCircuit ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreakingAnElectricalCircuit ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :ElectricalGenerator :en "ElectricalGenerator", "electrical generator" ; :guid "bd58f86a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "generator2n" ; :wordnet "generator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of electrical generators - devices that convert mechanical energy to electricity (ususally by means of magnets). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'generator' in WordNet: 2. (1) generator - (engine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ElectricalDevice, :MechanicalDevice, :PowerSource, :VoltageSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConvertingMechanicalEnergyToElectricity ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :ElectricalHeater :en "electrical heater" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectricalHeater'' heats spaces (often heating the Air) by passing a current of electricity throigh a resistor, which converts the electricity to heat. Thera re various types for various purposes. One common subtype is the electrical baseboard heater. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirHeatingDevice, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :PoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Resistor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ] . :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance :en "electric appliance", "electrical appliance" ; :guid "bd588951-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances of ''ElectricalHouseholdAppliance'' can be fnd in large buildings including businesses as well as residential quarters. Electric-powered Household Appliances""" ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:ElectricalDevice :HouseholdAppliance ) ] . :ElectricalInsulator a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substance that is a non-conductor of electricity, of sufficiently resistivity to serve as insulating material in electrical devices..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :ElectricalJack :wnsense "jack6n" ; :wordnet "jack" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectricalJack'' is a ''ContactComponent'' that is a ''Socket'' into which some 'plug' with a conforming size and shape can be inserted. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'jack' in WordNet: 6. jack - (an electrical device consisting of a connector socket designed for the insertion of a plug) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContactComponent, :ElectricalReceptacle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoElectricalDevices ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToConnect ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectronicPlug ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :ElectricalLightingDevice :guid "bd58d941-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Devices that provide light by transforming electrical current into light energy. @ToDo: This includes light bulbs as well as the fixtures that contain light bulbs. These need to be distinguished. The ''LightEmittingComponent'' part has traditionally been tungsten-filament light bulbs or fluorescent light bulbs, but LEDs have become less expensive and more common in the 21st century. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, :LightingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :LightEmittingComponent ] . :ElectricalOutlet :guid "bd58f5ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "electric outlet1n", "electric receptacle1n", "electrical outlet1n", "outlet2n", "receptacle3n" ; :wordnet "electric outlet", "electric receptacle", "electrical outlet", "outlet", "receptacle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A place to plug in a power cord; a source of electrical current; usually on a wall of a building, inside or outside; sometimes on outdoor fixtures. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'receptacle' and part of sense 2 of 'outlet (a wall outlet is a subtype) in WordNet: 3. receptacle - (an electrical (or electronic) fitting that is connected to a source of power and equipped to receive an insert) WN noun 'outlet': 2. (1) wall socket, wall plug, electric outlet, electrical outlet, outlet, electric receptacle -(receptacle providing a place in a wiring system where current can be taken to run electrical devices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalReceptacle, :PowerTransmittingDevice, :VoltageSource . :ElectricalPhenomenon :wnsense "electrical phenomenon1n" ; :wordnet "electrical phenomenon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ElectricalPhenomenon''is a ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' in which some form of charged particles (usually electrons) .produce some observable phenomena. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. electrical phenomenon - (a physical phenomenon involving electricity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physics ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ] . :ElectricalReceptacle :wnsense "receptacle3n" ; :wordnet "receptacle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A component of an ''ElectricalDevice'' into which some kind of 'plug' can be inserted,whether to supply power to a Device or to transfer data (in an ''ElectronicDevice''). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'receptacle' in WordNet: 3. receptacle - (an electrical (or electronic) fitting that is connected to a source of power and equipped to receive an insert) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, :Socket . :ElectricalRelay :wnsense "electrical relay1n", "relay4n" ; :wordnet "electrical relay", "relay" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrical relay' in WordNet: 1. relay, electrical relay - (electrical device such that current flowing through it in one circuit can switch on and off a current in a second circuit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :ElectricalResistance :takesValue :Ohm ; :wnsense "resistance3n" ; :wordnet "resistance" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ElectricalResistance'' is a subtype of ''PhysicalAttribute'' that measures how much of a voltage is required to permit passage of a certain amount of electrical current. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resistance' in Wordnet: 3. (2) electric resistance, electrical resistance, impedance, resistance, resistivity, ohmic resistance - (a material's opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Functionattribute . :ElectricalShock :guid "be3f0127-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shock" ; :wnsense "shock3n" ; :wordnet "shock" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ElectricalShock' is the set of physiological responses caused by passage of a perceptible amount of electric current through some part of the body. It is commonly the cause of a reflex muscular reaction. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shock' in WordNet: 3. (2) electric shock, electrical shock, shock - - (a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body; 'subjects received a small electric shock when they made the wrong response'; 'electricians get accustomed to occasional shocks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition . :ElectricalSignal :ldoce "signal" ; :wnsense "signal2n" ; :wordnet "signal" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectricalSignal'' is a variation in some form of electrical quantity that signifies some condition. This is broad, and can be used for signals from sensors, or from electrical components of any kind. This includes electromagnetic radiation emitted as a Signal, such as the subtype ''RadioWaveTransmission''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'signal' in WordNet: 3. signal - (an electric quantity (voltage or current or field strength) whose modulation represents coded information about the source from which it comes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Signal . :ElectricalSwitch :guid "bd5908ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "electric switch1n", "electrical switch1n", "switch1n" ; :wordnet "electric switch", "electrical switch", "switch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device that is placed in the path of electrical current (on a wire) to control its passage. In one position, the switch allows current to pass, and when moved to the 'off' position, the connection is broken and current can no longer pass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'switch' in WordNet: 1. (4) switch, electric switch, electrical switch - (control consisting of a mechanical or electrical or electronic device for making or breaking or changing the connections in a circuit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlDevice, :ElectricalComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectricalDevice ] . :ElectricalTerminal :guid "bd58adc9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pole8n", "terminal2n" ; :wordnet "pole", "terminal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectricalTerminal'' is a ''ContactComponent'' that serves to allow electrical current to pass from one ''ElectricalTerminal'' to another,i.e. to conect two different ''ElectricalDevice''s. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'terminal' in WordNet: 2. (1) terminal, pole - (a contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContactComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoElectricalDevices ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToConnect ] . :ElectricalWire :guid "bd58c3ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "conducting wire1n" ; :wordnet "conducting wire" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO ''ElectricalWire'' is any conductive wire (an Object) used to transmit electrical current, for use as a power source or for transmission of signals,as in telephone and telegraph equipment. CYC. Wire used as an electrical conductor, usually housed in insulation of some sort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conducting wire' in WordNet: 1. (2) wire, conducting wire - (a metal conductor that carries electricity over a distance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConductiveObject, :ElectricalComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, :TwoTerminalElectricalDevice, :Wire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :ElectricallyCharged :hasQuantitativeMeasure :ElectricalCharge ; :isTheOppositeOf :Uncharged ; :wnsense "charged1adj" ; :wordnet "charged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object is ''ElectricallyCharged'' if it has an excess of positive or negative charges. This can be a property of any PhysicalObject of any size: clouds, atoms, molecules, or subatomic particles, or of some region of space, that has an excess of either positive or negative electrical charge. The quantitative measure of how much charge is on an object or in a Region is expressed as a value of ''ElectricalCharge'' For batteries that are charged, use ''Charged''. WordNet conflates these two independent attributes Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'charged ' in Wordnet: 1. (9) charged - (of a particle or body or system; having a net amount of positive or negative electric charge; 'charged particles'; 'a charged battery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ElectricallyChargedObject :en "electrically charged object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Object that has some ElectricalCharge. This can be an Object of any size, but the most common usage will be for ''Ion''s and subatomic particles, within the subtype ''ChargedParticle'', inlcuding Electrons, Protons, atomic nuclei, and ''Ion''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExanimateThing, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricallyCharged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ElectricallyConductive :en "electrically conductive" ; :isTheOppositeOf :ElectricallyNonconductive ; :wnsense "conductive1adj" ; :wordnet "conductive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Able to conduct electricity. This comes in various values, but this is for Objects or Substances that are sufficiently conductive to serve in practical applications. Needs relation to quantitative measure of conductivity. Corresponds to part (for electricity) of adjective sense 1 of 'conductive' in Wordnet: 1. conductive - (having the quality or power of conducting heat or electricity or sound; exhibiting conductivity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conductive . :ElectricallyNonconductive :en "electrically nonconductive" ; :isTheOppositeOf :ElectricallyConductive ; :wnsense "non-conducting1adj", "nonconducting1adj", "nonconductive1adj" ; :wordnet "non-conducting", "nonconducting", "nonconductive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not able to conduct electricity. Corresponds to part (for electricity) of adjective sense 1 of 'nonconductive' in Wordnet: 1. nonconductive, nonconducting, non-conducting - (not able to conduct heat or electricity or sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nonconductive . :Electrician :guid "bd588607-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "electrician1n" ; :wordnet "electrician" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who works on electrical systems of buildings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrician' in WordNet: 1. electrician, lineman, linesman - (a person who installs or repairs electrical or telephone lines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TradeWorker . :Electricity :en "electric energy", "electric power" ; :guid "bd59067c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "electricity" ; :wnsense "electrical energy1n", "electricity2n" ; :wordnet "electrical energy", "electricity" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is synonymous with 'ElectricalEnergy', a qualitative type of Energy which is substance-like, and not a QuantityOfEnergy. This is energy derived from the flow of electrical current. NOTE that 'electrical energy' stored in a battery or capacitor is only potential, and is not represented by this class. Cyc: The sort of energy that flows through electrical conductors, is produced by electrical generators, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 2 and of 'electricity' in WordNet: 2. (6) electricity, electrical energy - (energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor; \"they built a car that runs on electricity\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energy . :ElectroAcousticTransducer :wnsense "electro-acoustic transducer1n" ; :wordnet "electro-acoustic transducer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This either emits sound like a ''Speaker'' or converts sound to electrical signals, like a ''Microphone''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electro-acoustic transducer' in WordNet: 1. electro-acoustic transducer - (a transducer that converts electrical to acoustic energy or vice versa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Transducer . :ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor :guid "bd589e97-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$Sensor, namely those sensors that detect #$ElectromagneticRadiation, including bioogical ones like the eye..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensor . :ElectroPlating :en "electroplating" ; :eng "electroplating" ; :guid "bd58adba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "electroplate1v" ; :wordnet "electroplate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$ElectroPlating event, some metal is coated with a thin layer of another metal, with the aid of an electric current. Some instances of #$Galvanizing will also be instances of this collection. NOTE: The surface plated is usually also metal, but does not have to be. More detail can be asserted for this process; @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'electroplate' in WordNet: 1. electroplate - (coat with metal by electrolysis; 'electroplate the watch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlatingMetal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectroplatingSolution ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :SheetOfMetal ] . :Electrode :wnsense "electrode1n" ; :wordnet "electrode" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrode' in WordNet: 1. (3) electrode - (a conductor used to make electrical contact with some part of a circuit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConductorDevice, :Connector, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalConduction ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoElectricCircuits ; owl:onProperty :connects ] . :Electrolyte :en "electrolyte" ; :enn "electrolyte" ; :guid "d7c8cb0c-fe60-41d6-882a-9230e961f52c" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all polyatomic chemical stuffs that decompose into ions when disolved in water. An instance of #$Electrolyte may be a mixture of chemical compounds. It need not be an instance of any instance of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies. WN 'electrolyte' is a solution of ionic materials. This type is for the the chemical substances that,when dissolved, create a WN 'electrolyte' solution. This is CYC definition and RHW def 1b of 'electrolyte'. any substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in a suitable medium or melted and thus forms a conductor of electricity. The WN gloss suggests that the meaning of RHW 'electrolyte sense 2 is included,but that would be the chemical represented by ''Electrolyte'', not the solution represented here. RHW 'electrolyte' 2: 2. Physiol. any of certain inorganic compounds, mainly sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, and bicarbonate, that dissociate in biological fluids into ions capable of conducting electrical currents and constituting a major force in controlling fluid balance within the body """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ionized ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ElectrolyteSolution :wnsense "electrolyte1n" ; :wordnet "electrolyte" ; a :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectrolyteSolution'' is a Solution of an ''Electrolyte'' in water or other polar solvent that has its dissolved ''Electrolyte'' dissociated into ions and can thus conduct electricity. Some battery types use a solvent other than water to create the EletrolyteSolution inside them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electrolyte' in WordNet: 1. electrolyte - (a solution that conducts electricity; 'the proper amount and distribution of electrolytes in the body is essential for health') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electrolyte ; owl:onProperty :hasSolute ] . :Electromagnetic :pertainsTo :Electricity, :Electromagnetism, :Magnetism ; :wnsense "electromagnetic1adj" ; :wordnet "electromagnetic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Electromagnetic'' is an attribute pertaining to Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'electromagnetic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) electromagnetic - (pertaining to or exhibiting magnetism produced by electric charge in motion; 'electromagnetic energy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ElectromagneticRadiationEvent :guid "c1009603-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "electromagnetic radiation1n", "electromagnetic wave1n", "nonparticulate radiation1n" ; :wordnet "electromagnetic radiation", "electromagnetic wave", "nonparticulate radiation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$WavePropagation (q.v.). Each instance of #$ElectromagneticRadiation is an event that arises from the interaction of an electrical field and a magnetic field. Specializations of #$ElectromagneticRadiation include #$VisibleLight, #$RadioWaves, and #$XRays. NOTE: 'ElectromagneticRadiation' of any kind, gamma, radio, microwave, ultraviolet, visible, X-ray, or other, is considered in COSMO as an ''Event'' of waves radiating through some medium. Not an Object or Substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electromagnetic radiation' in WordNet: 1. electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic wave, nonparticulate radiation - (radiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an electric charge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Radiation, :WavePropagationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :GroupType :ObjectGroup ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightEnergy ; owl:onProperty :containsAbstractSubstance ] . :ElectromagneticSpectrum :wnsense "spectrum1n", "spectrum2n" ; :wordnet "spectrum" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ElectromagneticSpectrum'' is any or all of the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The individual narrow ranges such as 'RadioWaves', 'XRays', 'VisibleLight' ,'InfraredLight'and 'UltravioletLight' would be subtypes (or could be parts?). Each element might be represented as a ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' with a specific wavelength. Qeston: is a Group of light waves at different wavelength also a type of ''Light''? @ToDo1439: This needs more differentation and probably more distinct types to represent a spectrum with respect to light waves of specific wavelengths. What are the elements? If ''Frequency'', how is that related to the Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spectrum' in WordNet: 1. (18) spectrum - (an ordered array of the components of an emission or wave) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Light, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Frequency ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ElectromagneticUnit a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A unit that Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electromagnetic unit' in WordNet: 1. electromagnetic unit, emu - (any of various systems of units for measuring electricity and magnetism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :Electromagnetism :wnsense "electromagnetics2n", "electromagnetism2n" ; :wordnet "electromagnetics", "electromagnetism" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'electromagnetism' in WordNet: 2. electromagnetism, electromagnetics - (the branch of physics concerned with electromagnetic phenomena) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnetism ; owl:onProperty :hasSubject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :hasSubject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :Electron :guid "bd5881d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "electron1n" ; :wordnet "electron" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fundamentalparticle with a negative charge. Cyc: A specialization of #$Lepton. Each instance of #$Electron is a subatomic particle with an #$ElectricalCharge of -1. Each instance of #$Atom consists of a nucleus (see #$AtomicNucleus) surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electron' in Wordnet: 1. (16) electron, negatron - (an elementary particle with negative charge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChargedParticle, :Lepton . :ElectronVolt :wnsense "eV1n", "electron volt1n" ; :wordnet "eV", "electron volt" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ElectronVolt is an energy measure. Symbol: eV. It is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing through a potential difference of 1 Volt in a vacuum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electron volt' in WordNet: 1. electron volt, eV - (a unit of energy equal to the work done by an electron accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Electronic :pertainsTo :AutomaticVehicleController, :DigitalDevice, :Electron, :ElectronicCircuit, :ElectronicComponent, :ElectronicDataSearching, :ElectronicDevice, :ElectronicHearingAid, :Electronics ; :wnsense "electronic1adj", "electronic2adj" ; :wordnet "electronic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Electronic''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Electrons, ElectronicCircuits and ElectronicDevices and related objects, Actions, and phenomena. This is often used to characterize Actions such as communication or calculation that is performed using an ElectronicDevice. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'electronic' in WordNet: 1. (6) electronic - (of or relating to electronics; concerned with or using devices that operate on principles governing the behavior of electrons; 'electronic devices') 2. (1) electronic - (of or concerned with electrons; 'electronic energy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ElectronicCircuit :wnsense "circuit1n" ; :wordnet "circuit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectronicCircuit'' is an ''ElectricCircuit'' within some ElectronicDevice. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electric circuit' in WordNet: 1. (4) circuit, electrical circuit, electric circuit - (an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricCircuit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectronicDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ElectronicComponent :guid "bd58be5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of devices; a subset of #$ElectronicDevice. An #$ElectronicComponent is a device which is normally considered a part to another device (which in turn is a more meaningful entity, at least in this context. 'More meaningful' might mean that the larger device is sold, moved, named,... as a unit.) An electronic component needs to be connected with other parts in order to perform its #$primaryFunction.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :EngineeringComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Device ] . :ElectronicDataSearching :en "computerized data search" ; :guid "bd58fa69-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$LookingForAThingOrTypeOfThing and #$ComputerActivity. Each instance of #$ElectronicDataSearching is an event in which an agent uses a computer to find information that is stored electronically. Typically, an agent uses a computer program that implements a #$SearchAlgorithm. A positive example is an event in which a person enters a string into the text box at http://www.google.com and thereby initiates a process that searches over Google's index of words that occur in internet documents. Other positive examples include an event in which a Unix user greps through a filesystem, or an event in which a Windows user opens up a folder of files and visually examines its contents to see if a certain file is contained in the folder. Important specializations of #$ElectronicDataSearching include #$DatabaseSearching and #$InternetSearching. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerActivity, :LookingForSomething . :ElectronicDevice :wnsense "electronic device1n", "electronic equipment1n" ; :wordnet "electronic device", "electronic equipment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ElectronicDevice is a Device whose primary function is to transform electronic signals. Receptions and transmission of radio waves necessarily involves transforming signals, therefore every device whose primary function necessarily includes transmission or reception is an ElectronicDevice. Needs concepts; transforms ''ElectricalSignal'' transforming Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electronic device' in WordNet: 1. (2) electronic device - (a device that accomplishes its purpose electronically) WN noun 'electronic equipment': 1. (1) electronic equipment - (equipment that involves the controlled conduction of electrons (especially in a gas or vacuum or semiconductor)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, :Equipment . :ElectronicDisplayDevice :guid "c0fbcae4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "display3n", "video display1n" ; :wordnet "display", "video display" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Electronic devices used to display images. E.g. CRTs and LCDs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'video display' in WordNet: 1. (1) display, video display - (an electronic device that represents information in visual form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayDevice, :ElectronicComponent, :ManufacturedGoods . :ElectronicHearingAid :guid "c0d00494-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hearing aid1n" ; :wordnet "hearing aid" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectronicHearingAid'' is worn inside the Ear and may be self-contained or attached by wire to other components such as batteries worn elsewhere on the body. For the wired variety, this type represents the *part* worn in the ear. More detail can be added when needed. This is a subtype of the general CYC class: CYC: The collection of all #$PhysicalDevices that are used to aid in hearing. NOTE: unclear whether all such devices require a prescription, so instances may or may not be instances of ''HearingAid-Prescription''. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'hearing aid' in WordNet: 1. hearing aid, deaf-aid - (an electronic device that amplifies sound and is worn to compensate for poor hearing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :HearingAid, :ManufacturedGoods, :MarbleSizedObject, :SomethingToWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanEar ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :ElectronicMusic :en "electronic music" ; :enn "electronic music" ; a :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'electronic music': electronically produced sounds recorded on tape and arranged by the composer to form a musical composition. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopularMusic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Synthesizer ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByObject ] . :ElectronicPlug :wnsense "male plug1n", "plug5n" ; :wordnet "male plug", "plug" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElectronicPlug'' is a ''ContactComponent'' that connects two electronic devices by insertion into an ''ElectricalJack''. NOTE: the WN 'plug' apparently includes the power plug. That would require a different type. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'plug' in WordNet: 5. plug, male plug - (an electrical device with two or three pins that is inserted in a socket to make an electrical connection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContactComponent, :ElectronicDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoElectronicDevices ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToConnect ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalJack ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalJack ; owl:onProperty :fitsInsideOf ] . :ElectronicSystem :en "electronic system" ; a :DeviceType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ElectronicSystem'' is a Group of one or more ''ElectronicDevice''s, with possibly other components. Such a system transfers ''ElectricalSignal''s among the components. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudioSystem, :DeviceGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectronicDevice ] . :Electronically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Electronic ; :wnsense "electronically1adv" ; :wordnet "electronically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'electronically' in Wordnet: 1. electronically - (by electronic means; 'the door opens electronically') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :ElectronicallyIntegrated :isAnAttributeValueOf :ComputerProgram, :ElectronicDevice ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Combining ; :wnsense "integrated1adj", "merged1adj" ; :wordnet "integrated", "merged" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ElectronicallyIntegrated'' is an Attribute of electronic Devices or computer programs that include multiple functional parts or subprocesses that were one separated. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'integrated' (for electronic devices and programs) in Wordnet: 1. (2) incorporate, incorporated, integrated, merged, unified - (formed or united into a whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combined . :Electronics :wnsense "electronics1n" ; :wordnet "electronics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ the science and technology concerned with the properties and functions of electronic circuits. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electronics' in WordNet: 1. (10) electronics - (the branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectronicDevice ; owl:onProperty :hasSubject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectronicCircuit ; owl:onProperty :hasSubject ] . :ElectroplatingSolution a :FluidType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Aqueous solution used to precipitate metal onto a surface by means of an electric current. The surface plated is usually also metal, but does not have to be. An ElectroplatingSolution must have some metal in the solution.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :ArtificialSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectroPlating ] . :Elegance :contrastsWith :Inelegance ; :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Elegant ; :wnsense "elegance1n", "elegance2n" ; :wordnet "elegance" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Elegance'' is the nominalized form of 'Elegant' - things that *are* ''Elegant'' *have* ''Elegance''. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'elegance' in WordNet: 1. (3) elegance - (a refined quality of gracefulness and good taste; 'she conveys an aura of elegance and gentility') 2. elegance - (a quality of neatness and ingenious simplicity in the solution of a problem (especially in science or mathematics); 'the simplicity and elegance of his invention') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elegant ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inelegance ; owl:onProperty :contrastsWith ] . :Elegant :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :GoodTaste ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Elegance ; :wnsense "elegant1adj", "elegant2adj" ; :wordnet "elegant" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who performs things that are in good taste. ?How to decscribe *things* that are elegant (beautiful)?? This type can be used for now (rev1443) but a different attribute should be created to distinguish people and things. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'elegant' in WordNet: 1. (2) elegant - (refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style; 'elegant handwriting'; 'an elegant dark suit'; 'she was elegant to her fingertips'; 'small churches with elegant white spires'; 'an elegant mathematical solution - simple and precise and lucid') 3. elegant - (displaying effortless beauty and simplicity in movement or execution; 'an elegant dancer'; 'an elegant mathematical solution - simple and precise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tasteful . :ElementGroup :en "element group" ; :enn "element group" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeriodicTable ; owl:onProperty :isInList ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalElement ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :ElementPeriod :en "element period" ; :enn "element period" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElementPeriod'' is a row in the ''PeriodicTable'' in which the ''ChemicalElement''s represented from left to right have 'Atomic Numbers' that increase by one from one filled-in column to the next. When there are blank boxes between filled-in boxes the atomic number only increases when the next filled-in box occurs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeriodicTable ; owl:onProperty :isInList ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalElement ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :ElementType :guid "bff74afc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ElementType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances and an argument restriction for the relations on chemical elements. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. In Cyc called 'ElementStuffType': Cyc: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. Each instance of #$ElementStuffType is a specialization of #$ElementStuff. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSubstanceType . :Elementary :isTheOppositeOf :Difficult ; :pertainsTo :Basics ; :wnsense "elementary1adj", "unproblematic1adj" ; :wordnet "elementary", "unproblematic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Elementary'' describes things - ideas or methods that are so simple they can be understood and mastered quickly, and involve only the most basic concepts of a topic. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'elementary' in WordNet: 1. (2) elementary, simple, uncomplicated, unproblematic - (easy and not involved or complicated; 'an elementary problem in statistics'; 'elementary, my dear Watson'; 'a simple game'; 'found an uncomplicated solution to the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :Simple . :ElementaryParticle :wnsense "elementary particle1n", "fundamental particle1n" ; :wordnet "elementary particle", "fundamental particle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elementary particle' in WordNet: 1. elementary particle, fundamental particle - ((physics) a particle that is less complex than an atom; regarded as constituents of all matter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubAtomicParticle . :Elephant :guid "bd589578-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "elephant" ; :wnsense "elephant1n" ; :wordnet "elephant" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """More detail about elephant is provided in the BLO context segment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elephant' in WordNet: 1. (3) elephant - (five-toed pachyderm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pachyderm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tusk ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Elevated :isAnAttributeValueOf :Altitude, :FixedStructure ; :isTheOppositeOf :Low ; :wnsense "elevated1adj", "elevated2adj" ; :wordnet "elevated" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a construction artifact (''FixedStructure'') whose top is elevated noticeably above the local base of the terrain, at a minimum having a top level more than three feet above the surrounding ground. NOTE: for the sense of 'elevated' meaning 'is raised above the ground or floorlevel on supports' the relation ''isOverheadOf'' can be used. For indoor supporting artifacts or artifacts projecting less than six feet above the ground,use ''Raised''. For high locations on outdoor georaphical features, use ''GeographicallyHigh''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'elevated' in WordNet: 1. (1) elevated - (raised above ground level; on elevated rails; 'elevated railway') 2. (1) elevated - (raised above the ground; 'an elevated platform') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :High . :ElevatedRailway :wnsense "el2n", "elevated railroad1n", "elevated railway1n", "elevated1n", "overhead railway1n" ; :wordnet "el", "elevated", "elevated railroad", "elevated railway", "overhead railway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElevatedRailway'' can be a part of a line that includes a ''Subway''' as a directly connected part. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elevated railway' in WordNet: 1. elevated railway, elevated railroad, elevated, el, overhead railway - (a railway that is powered by electricity and that runs on a track that is raised above the street level) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Railway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Elevated ] . :Elevation :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "elevation5n" ; :wordnet "elevation" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Elevation'' is an ''Altitude'' for the top surface of ''LandTopographicFeature'', calculated as the vertical distance from 'sea level' as defined by the prevailing consensus Earth's geoid.. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'elevation' in WordNet: 5. elevation - (distance of something above a reference point (such as sea level); 'there was snow at the higher elevations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altitude . :Elevator :guid "bd58f7ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "elevator", "lift" ; :wnsense "elevator1n", "lift8n" ; :wordnet "elevator", "lift" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$Collection of all #$Elevators. An #$Elevator is a device with a normally closed compartment which moves vertically, lifting or lowering people and goods located in that compartment, normally between floors of a building. SUMO: A TransportationDevice consisting of a car that moves up and down in a vertical shaft so that people can move from one floor to another in a building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elevator' and sense 8 of 'lift' in WordNet: 1. (5) elevator, lift - (lifting device consisting of a platform or cage that is raised and lowered mechanically in a vertical shaft in order to move people from one floor to another in a building) WN noun 'lift': 8. elevator, lift - (lifting device consisting of a platform or cage that is raised and lowered mechanically in a vertical shaft in order to move people from one floor to another in a building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntraBuildingTransportationDevice, :LiftingDevice, :PartOfBuilding, :TransportationContainerProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Raising ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :ElevatorShaft :wnsense "elevator shaft1n" ; :wordnet "elevator shaft" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ElevatorShaft'' is a ''VerticalShaft'' connects two or more ''Storey''s in a Building and provides a path for vertical movement of an elevator car. \"hasorientation\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elevator shaft' in WordNet: 1. elevator shaft - (a vertical shaft in a building to permit the passage of an elevator from floor to floor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerticalShaft . :Eleventh :en "11th" ; :hasNumericalAbbreviation "11th" ; :hasOrderNumber "11"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "eleventh1adj" ; :wordnet "eleventh" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eleventh' in WordNet: 1. (2) eleventh, 11th - (coming next after the tenth and just before the twelfth in position) """ . :Elf :guid "bd874855-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "brownie2n", "elf1n", "gremlin1n", "hob2n", "imp1n", "pixie1n", "pixy2n" ; :wordnet "brownie", "elf", "gremlin", "hob", "imp", "pixie", "pixy" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The mythical race of slender, magical beings described in such works as #$LordOfTheRings-Trilogy, and employed as characters in #$DungeonsAndDragons the #$RolePlayingGame. An 'Elf'' is oten portrayed as smaller than a typical Person, but this is not always the case and the attributes are arbitrarily chosen by the author of the tale. NOTE: Although this type of 'Elf' is a fictional character this does not preclude the discovery of RealWorld things that fit the description of 'Elf''. But that would require a different Class, not yet added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elf' in WordNet: 1. elf, hob, gremlin, pixie, pixy, brownie, imp - ((folklore) fairies that are somewhat mischievous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalIntelligentAgent . :Eligible :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :BeingQualified ; :wnsense "eligible1adj" ; :wordnet "eligible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eligible'' is an AttributeValue of People that have attributes that make them ''Qualified'' for some position or Action, and also have no Attributes that would make them 'disqualified' and also have no one in authority who is blocking them from assuming that position or performing that action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eligible' in Wordnet: 1. (5) eligible - (qualified for or allowed or worthy of being chosen; 'eligible to run for office'; 'eligible for retirement benefits'; 'an eligible bachelor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Qualified . :Eliminating :wnsense "eliminate1v" ; :wordnet "eliminate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eliminating'' is the intentional destruction of something (Object or Action) for the purpose of removing it - to get it out of the way because it is preventing some desired action. (This might be used in reference to people - as in a Mafia rubout). A course of study is not a physical object. - it can be 'destroyed' by causing the Action of teaching to cease. This is also used for 'eliminating' an ''AilmentCondition' by curing the underlying cause - see subtype ''CuringAnAilment''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'eliminate ' in WordNet: 1. (40) eliminate, get rid of, do away with - (terminate or take out; 'Let's eliminate the course on Akkadian hieroglyphics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntentionalDestruction . :EliminationCompetition :en "elimination competition" ; :enn "elimination competition" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EliminationCompetition'' is a Series ''Competition''s, of any kind, that have sequential stages at which the ''Contestant''s compete and the losers are eliminated from further competition, proceeding to the final round where the ''Finalist''s compete and one wins the ''EliminationCompetition''. The title of the winner may be simply 'Winner' or 'Champion'. This contrasts with a 'round robin' in which all of the players compete at each stage of the competition and the winner is the one with the best overall score, calculated by summation or some other technique that may use weighting of the scores. An 'elimination tournament' in WN is a sports competition, and this is not just for sports. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :Competition, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Competition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoundOfaCompetition ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Winner ] . :EliminationTournament :wnsense "elimination tournament1n" ; :wordnet "elimination tournament" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EliminationTournament'' is a 'Tournament'' in which the loser of any one round is eliminated from the remainder of the competition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elimination tournament' in WordNet: 1. elimination tournament - (a tournament in which losers are eliminated in successive rounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EliminationCompetition, :Tournament, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :TournamentRound ] . :Elixir :guid "c10074bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "elixir1n" ; :wordnet "elixir" ; a :DosageFormType, :LiquidSubstanceType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Elixir is the collection of all elixirs. An elixer is a sweetened liquid - usually containing alcohol - into which medicine is mixed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elixir' in WordNet: 1. elixir - (a sweet flavored liquid (usually containing a small amount of alcohol) used in compounding medicines to be taken by mouth in order to mask an unpleasant taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :DrugSubstance, :LiquidOralMedicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EthylAlcohol ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasComponentSubstance ] . :Ellipse :guid "bf6bfa19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ellipse1n", "oval1n" ; :wordnet "ellipse", "oval" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of both #$RoundObject and #$PlaneFigure-Geometrical. This is the collection of all elliptical objects, whether spatially-localized (e.g. the Indianapolis Motor Speedway track) or abstract. Geometrically, an ellipse is a closed curve that is the path of a point that moves so that the sum of its distances from two fixed points (called 'foci') is constant. An important specialization of #$Ellipse is #$Circle (the collection of ellipses such that the distance between their foci is zero). Cf. #$Ellipsoid. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'ellipse' and noun sense 1 of 'oval' in WordNet: 1. ellipse, oval - (a closed plane curve resulting from the intersection of a circular cone and a plane cutting completely through it; 'the sums of the distances from the foci to any point on an ellipse is constant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure, :Loop, :PlaneFigure-Geometrical, :RoundObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Round ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elliptical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Ellipsoid :guid "bfd0a066-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ellipsoid1n" ; :wordnet "ellipsoid" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Ellipsoid'' is a type of ''BallLikeObject'' that more closely approximates the ideal ''Elipsoidal'' shape. Most planets are close enough in shape to fit into this category, as are the spherical playing balls (baseball, tennis ball golf ball, basketball). CYC: A specialization of both #$RoundObject and #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Ellipsoid is a three-dimensional object such that the planar sections along its respective internal axes are #$Ellipses. In other words, the shape of such objects should be roughly describable by taking some two dimensional ellipse and rotating it around its major axis in three-space. Note that #$Sphere and its generalization #$Spheroid are specializations of #$Ellipsoid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ellipsoid' in Wordnet: 1. (5) ellipsoid - (a surface whose plane sections are all ellipses or circles; 'the Earth is an ellipsoid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ellipsoidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Ellipsoidal :wnsense "ellipsoidal1adj", "oval-shaped1adj", "ovate2adj" ; :wordnet "ellipsoidal", "oval-shaped", "ovate" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a 3-dimensional round object that is concave at all points on the surface; the two-dimensional object that is a cross-section would be 'Elliptical'. There is overlap in the terms used for these two dfferent concepts, and disambiguation will need the context. NOTE: for the ''Ellisoidal'' shape that is rotationally symmetric use subtype ''Ovoidal'' or its subtype ''EggShaped''. FOr the asymmetric egg-shape use ''EggShaped''. Corresponds approximately to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'ellipsoidal in WordNet and part of sense 1 of 'ovoid': 1. ellipsoid, ellipsoidal, spheroidal, non-circular - (in the form of an ellipse) WN adj 'ovoid': 1. egg-shaped, elliptic, elliptical, oval, oval-shaped, ovate, oviform, ovoid, prolate - (rounded like an egg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convex, :Round, :ThreeDimensional . :Elliptical :wnsense "egg-shaped1adj", "elliptic2adj", "elliptical1adj", "oval-shaped1adj", "oval1adj", "ovate2adj", "oviform1adj", "ovoid1adj", "prolate2adj" ; :wordnet "egg-shaped", "elliptic", "elliptical", "oval", "oval-shaped", "ovate", "oviform", "ovoid", "prolate" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a two-dimensional object (including a cross-section of a three-dimensional object) whose shape approximates that of an Ellipse, i.e. a closed line like a circle, but elongagated in one direction so that it is not perfectly circular. Although technically a Circle is a subtype of Ellipse, in COSMO these attributes are interpreted in an informal sense in which an Ellipse has a significant deviation from circularity - therefore 'Circular' is not a subtype of 'Elliptical'. For the shape property of a three-dimensional ellipsoidal object, use 'Ellipsoidal'. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'elliptical' and adjective sense 1 of 'oval' in WordNet: 1. (4) egg-shaped, elliptic, elliptical, oval, oval-shaped, ovate, oviform, ovoid, prolate - (rounded like an egg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Planar, :Round . :ElmTree :guid "bd58a410-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "elm1n" ; :wordnet "elm" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elm' in WordNet: 1. (1) elm, elm tree - (any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeciduousTree . :ElongatingEvent :en "elongating" ; :guid "c0aef7e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "stretch" ; :wnsense "elongate1v", "elongation3n", "lengthen1v", "lengthen2v", "stretch4v", "stretch5v" ; :wordnet "elongate", "elongation", "lengthen", "stretch" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some PhysicalObject increases in length. The increase may be reversible, and can include an unfolding. This includes intransitive and transitive sense, but the transitive sense is a subtype (see subtype ''StretchingAction''), to be used when the intention is clear. This Event can occur with or without the participation of an agent. In CYC 'Elongation'. Includes verb senses 4 and 5 (intransitive and transitive) of 'stretch' adn verb senses 1 and 2 (transitive and intransitive) of 'lengthen' in WordNet: 4. (4) stretch - (become longer by being stretched and pulled; 'The fabric stretches') 5. (3) elongate, stretch - (make long or longer by pulling and stretching; 'stretch the fabric') WN verb 'lengthen': 1. (1) lengthen - (make longer; 'Lengthen this skirt, please') 2. lengthen - (become long or longer; \"In Spring, the days lengthen\") WN noun 'elongation': 3. elongation - (the act of lengthening something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deforming, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Length ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeChanged ] . :Eloping :guid "bf51a657-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "elope1v" ; :wordnet "elope" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In WN 'eloping' is the running-off event that is intended to lead to a marriage. Here it includes the marriage ceremony as well. CYC: The collection of marriages performed in secret without the presence (and often without the permission) of the participants' parents. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'elope' in WordNet: 1. elope, run off - (run away secretly with one's beloved; 'The young couple eloped and got married in Las Vegas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RunningAway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoLovers ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeddingCeremony ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marriage ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Eloquent :wnsense "eloquent1adj", "facile3adj", "silver-tongued1adj", "smooth-spoken1adj" ; :wordnet "eloquent", "facile", "silver-tongued", "smooth-spoken" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eloquent'' is being able to speak using expressions that impress listeners with phraseology that appears both appropriate and forceful, being able to convey meaning and convince by imagery and emotional appeal more than by logic. Compare ''Articulate'' - being able to express one's thoughts and felings clearly and make one's ideas understood. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eloquent' in Wordnet: 1. (4) eloquent, facile, fluent, silver, silver-tongued, smooth-spoken - (expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively; 'able to dazzle with his facile tongue'; 'silver speech') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArticulateOrEloquent . :EludingCapture :wnsense "bilk4v", "elude1v", "evade2v" ; :wordnet "bilk", "elude", "evade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ''EludingCapture'' is the Action of a Person who is being pursued by someone, usually Police or other authority, and avoids being captured. In WN this is a subtype of ''EscapingCaptivity'' but that type implies that the subject was in captivity. This type is for People fleeing *before* they have been captured. NOTE: the WN sense 1 of 'elude' includes mental incomprehension,but that is also included in WN sense 2. That sense is *not* included in this type. Corresponds to part (physical evasion) of noun sense 1 of 'elude' in WordNet: 1. (2) elude, evade, bilk - (escape, either physically or mentally; 'The thief eluded the police'; 'This difficult idea seems to evade her'; 'The event evades explanation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fleeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captivity ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttemptToAvoid ] . :EludingComprehension :wnsense "elude1v", "elude2v", "evade2v" ; :wordnet "elude", "evade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EludingComprehension'' is an 'Action' of the ''IntendedMeaning'' of some communication or significance of an Event that is not understood by some audience/listener/observer. This is a *figurative* use of 'elude' ('understanding' something is to 'capture' its meaning) , but nevertheless fairly common. NOTE: perhaps should be 'performedBy' the more general ''Meaning''?? Corresponds to verb sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'elude' in WordNet: 2. (1) elude, escape - (be incomprehensible to; escape understanding by; 'What you are seeing in him eludes me') 1. (2) elude, evade, bilk - (escape, either physically or mentally; 'The thief eluded the police'; 'This difficult idea seems to evade her'; 'The event evades explanation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fleeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntendedMeaning ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Understanding ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :EmDash :en "dash", "em dash" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hyphen''-like character the length of one 'm' character. This may or may not be differentiated from the ''Hyphen'' in a typographical character set (or character coding system). RHW 'en dash': (Printing) a dash one em long.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark . :Emanating :wnsense "emanate1v" ; :wordnet "emanate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Emanating'' is an intransitive Action in which some ''PhysicalSubstance'' or quantity of substance comes out of some location. The location need not be an artifactual container - things can emanate from the Ground or from undergrond, as well as from Organisms or parts of Organisms. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'emanate' in WordNet: 1. (1) emanate - (proceed or issue forth, as from a source; 'Water emanates from this hole in the ground') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :EmittingStuff ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :Embalming :wnsense "embalm1v" ; :wordnet "embalm" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Embalming'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'embalm' in WordNet: 1. embalm - (preserve a dead body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConservingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPreserved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnimalBody :DeadAnimal :Animal :AnimalType ) ] ] . :Embankment :guid "be508b1a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "embankment1n" ; :wordnet "embankment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Embankment'' is a long ''Mound'' bordering a BodyOfWater or serving as a property boundary. CYC: A collection of fixed structures. Each instance of #$Embankment is a long raised structure of earth, gravel, etc., used to hold back water or to carry a road or railroad. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embankment' in WordNet: 1. (5) embankment - (a long artificial mound of stone or earth; built to hold back water or to support a road or as protection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :Mound . :EmbarkingOnaVenture :wnsense "embark2v", "embark3v", "venture1v" ; :wordnet "embark", "venture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmbarkingOnaVenture'' is the 'FirstStep' in performing some Activity that is risky,or arduous, or may take a long time - something that is not simple or fast. NOTE: not clear yet how to express such a venture. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'embark' in WordNet: 2. (1) embark, enter - (set out on (an enterprise or subject of study); 'she embarked upon a new career') 3. venture, embark - (proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers; 'We ventured into the world of high-tech and bought a supercomputer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StartingAnAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheFirstElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Venture ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelfStarter ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Embarrassed :isMoreIntenseThan :Abashed ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Embarrassment ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Embarrassment ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :EmbarrassingSomeone ; :wnsense "embarrassed1adj", "embarrassed3adj" ; :wordnet "embarrassed" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Embarrassed'' is the attribute of a Person who experienced an ''EmbarrassingSomeone'' Event, and (usually) has a Feeling of ''Embarrassment'', a subtype of ''BeingUpset'', caused by believing that one's personal status is damaged by others knowing of ''Improper'' things that the ''Embarrassed'' Person did (or by association with someone else who did). . This is a more intensive sense than the parent 'Abashed', and a less intensive degree of the subattribute ''Humiliated'' Corresponds to *part8 of adjective senses 3 of 'embarrassed' in WordNet (sense 1 including 'chagrined, abashed' is the parent attributeValue): 3. embarrassed, humiliated, mortified - (made to feel uncomfortable because of shame or wounded pride; 'too embarrassed to say hello to his drunken father on the street'; 'humiliated that his wife had to go out to work'; 'felt mortified by the comparison with her sister') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abashed, :Bad, :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Upset . :Embarrassing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :EmbarrassingSomeone ; :wnsense "embarrassing1adj", "mortifying1adj" ; :wordnet "embarrassing", "mortifying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Embarrassing'' is an AttributeValue of things (usually Events or Sitations) that can cause ''EmbarrassingSomeone'' and make a Person feel ''Embarrassment''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'embarrassing' in WordNet: 2. (2) embarrassing, mortifying - (causing to feel shame or chagrin or vexation; 'the embarrassing moment when she found her petticoat down around her ankles'; 'it was mortifying to know he had heard every word') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :Humiliating . :EmbarrassingSomeone :causesMentalEventType :Embarrassment ; :wnsense "abash1v", "embarrass1v" ; :wordnet "abash", "embarrass" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmbarrassingSomeone'' is an 'UpsettingEvent' that is an ''Action'' that causes a person to feel ''Embarrassment''. That ''Action'' can be performed by the Person who gets ''Embarrassed'' or by another person, e.g. someone who reveals a secret about a Person who then gets embarrased. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'embarrass' in WordNet: 1. (1) embarrass, abash - (cause to be embarrassed; cause to feel self-conscious) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :CausingaFeeling, :UpsettingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embarrassment ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embarrassed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embarrassing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlushingResponse ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Embarrassment :guid "bd58c194-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "embarrassment1n" ; :wordnet "embarrassment" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Embarrassment is some agent's feeling of mental confusion or discomposure. Instances of #$Embarrassment vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or the subject experiencing the feeling. A notable specialization of #$Embarrassment is #$Shame. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embarrassment' in Wordnet: 1. (3) embarrassment - (the shame you feel when your inadequacy or guilt is made public) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chagrin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmbarrassingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlushingResponse ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Embassy :guid "c01b9f0c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "embassy1n" ; :wordnet "embassy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC 'Embassy-TheBuilding': The collection of all embassies, the buildings in which official diplomatic representations are hosted. For the office itself see #$Embassy-TheMission. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embassy' in WordNet: 1. (1) embassy - (a diplomatic building where ambassadors live or work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiplomaticBuilding, :PhysicalContactLocation, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ambassador ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveWorker ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embassy-TheMission ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveWorker ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embassy-TheMission ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :Embassy-TheMission :guid "bd59a62b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "embassy2n" ; :wordnet "embassy" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Embassy-TheMission is a specialization of #$DiplomaticMission-ThePost. Each instance of #$Embassy-TheMission is an embassy, which is the official diplomatic representation of a country A in a foreign country B. Not to be confused with the buildings in which such offices are hosted. See #$Embassy-TheBuilding. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'embassy' in WordNet: 2. embassy - (an ambassador and his entourage collectively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiplomaticMission-ThePost, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embassy ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embassy ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :EmbeddedComputer :en "embedded computer", "embedded system" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EmbeddedComputer'' is a small computer that is special-purpose, seriving as part of a larger Device (such as an automobile) whose main purpose is not computing.. Approximately the same s Wikipedia 'embddded system': An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalComputer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonComputationalDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Embezzling :wnsense "defalcate1v", "defalcation2n", "embezzle1v", "embezzlement1n", "malversate1v", "misapplication2n", "misappropriate1v", "misappropriation1n", "peculate1v", "peculation1n" ; :wordnet "defalcate", "defalcation", "embezzle", "embezzlement", "malversate", "misapplication", "misappropriate", "misappropriation", "peculate", "peculation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Embezzling'' is a subtype of the more general 'Stealing' in which some amount of money is taken secretly by use of fraudulent bookkeeping and/or improper transfer of funds. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'embezzle' in WordNet: 1. (2) embezzle, defalcate, peculate, misappropriate, malversate - (appropriate (as property entrusted to one's care) fraudulently to one's own use; 'The accountant embezzled thousands of dollars while working for the wealthy family') WN verb 'misappropriation': 1. embezzlement, peculation, defalcation, misapplication, misappropriation - (the fraudulent appropriation of funds or property entrusted to your care but actually owned by someone else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fraud, :Stealing . :Emblem :wnsense "emblem1n" ; :wordnet "emblem" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Emblem'' is an AbstractImage that represents some Idea, Group, Organization, rank, status, or any other thing that it might be useful to represent in a succinct manner such as a simple image. This is the AbstractImage, and it has a physical representation in some ''IconicImage''. This differs from an ''Icon'' in that the representation does not have to have a resemblance to any observable physical object; the item can be represented in a very abstract way, or the intended reference may be represented linguistically or symbolically, or merely be associated by convention or custom with the ''Emblem''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emblem' in Wordnet: 1. (3) emblem - (special design or visual object representing a quality, type, group, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IconicImage ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :EmblemObject :wnsense "emblem1n" ; :wordnet "emblem" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EmblemObject'' is a PhysicalObject that is an IconicImage in which the Icon represents some group or organization or rank or status in some group. This can be essentially all text, but it must be arranged in some distinctive manner that symbolizes its meaning in a way that simple text would not,s that it will be unique - e.g. a color or arrangement of the parts of the ''EmblemObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emblem'in Wordnet: 1. (3) emblem - (special design or visual object representing a quality, type, group, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IconicImage, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emblem ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Embodiment :wnsense "embodiment2n", "shape4n" ; :wordnet "embodiment", "shape" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'embodiment' in WordNet: 2. shape, embodiment - (a concrete representation of an otherwise nebulous concept; 'a circle was the embodiment of his concept of life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodExample . :EmbodyingSomething :eng "embodying" ; :wnsense "embody1v", "embody3v" ; :wordnet "embody" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmbodyingSomething'' is a ''RepresentingSomething'' performed by some PhysicalObject that provides a concrete example of the physical thing or abstract idea represented. For an ''ActorActress'' representing some Person or type of Person use the subtype 'Personifying''. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 3 of 'embody' in WordNet: 1. (3) incarnate, body forth, embody, substantiate - (represent in bodily form; 'He embodies all that is evil wrong with the system'; 'The painting substantiates the feelings of the artist') 3. (1) embody - (represent or express something abstract in tangible form; 'This painting embodies the feelings of the Romantic period') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Embracing :en "embracing", "hugging" ; :guid "bd58b93e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clinch5n", "embrace2v", "hug1n", "hug1v", "squeeze7n", "squeeze8v" ; :wordnet "clinch", "embrace", "hug", "squeeze" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Embracing'' is a 'HoldingWithHand' (a ''TouchingState'') in which the holding is done with both hands as well as the upper parts of the arms, and the object held is usually another person (or pet animal). It is done as a sign of affection or friendship. The noun 'hug' is considered as a synonym of the verb; this is close to being a PersistentState, but does include the starting and ending of the Action. In CYC the closest is 'Hugging', done by both people: Hugging: Two people wrap their arms around one another to show their affection for each other. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'embrace' and noun sense 1 of 'hug' in Wordnet: 2. (3) embrace, hug, bosom, squeeze - (squeeze (someone) tightly in your arms, usually with fondness; 'Hug me, please'; 'They embraced'; 'He hugged her close to him') WN noun 'hug': 1. hug, clinch, squeeze - (a tight or amorous embrace; 'come here and give me a big hug') WN noun 'embrace': 1. (2) embrace, embracing, embracement - (the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingEmotion, :HoldingWithHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothArms ; owl:onProperty :requiredBodypart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Affection ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Embryo :guid "c0fd5c79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "embryo2n" ; :wordnet "embryo" ; a :LifeStageType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BiologicalLivingObject. Each instance of this collection is a not yet fully-formed organism - - such as a mammal before birth, a bird before hatching, and a plant before sprouting from its seed. (Thus note that #$Embryo does not correspond exactly with the meaning of the English word 'embryo'.) Note also that in mammals the #$Embryo is not the same as the #$Fetus, since it includes all tissue that has decended from the fertilized #$Ovum, including the fetal part of the Placenta (#$Placenta-FetalPortion), the #$AmnioticSac, and the #$UmbilicalCord, as well as the #$Fetus. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'embryo' in Wordnet: 2. embryo, conceptus, fertilized egg - (an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmbryoOrFetus, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embryonic ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :EmbryoOrFetus :en "embryo or fetus" ; a :LifeStageType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmbryoOrFetus'' merges the developmental stages of ''Embryo'' and''Fetus'' so that the whole period from fertilization to birth can be referred to conveniently. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalLivingObject ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Embryo :Fetus ) ] . :Embryologist :guid "bd58ffc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "embryologist1n" ; :wordnet "embryologist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embryologist' in WordNet: 1. embryologist - (a physician who specializes in embryology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalDoctor, :Professional-Adult, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embryology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embryo ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Embryology :wnsense "embryology1n" ; :wordnet "embryology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Embryology'' is the branch of ''Biology'' concerned with how ''Embryo''s develop. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'embryology' in WordNet: 1. embryology - (the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, :Medicine . :Embryonic :pertainsTo :Embryo ; :wnsense "embryonic1adj", "unborn1adj" ; :wordnet "embryonic", "unborn" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of an Embryo, which in COSMO is the lfe stage of any multicellular animal prior to birth, at an early phase of development, before it acquires recognizable features of the born animal. The later stage is termed ''Fetal''. Both stages are included in the attribute ''InUtero''. The term is also used metaphorically to things whose development is at an early stage. Corresponds to the attribute of an 'embryo' in sense 3 of RHW: 'any multicellular animal in a developmental stage preceding birth or hatching' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'embryonic' in Wordnet: 1. embryonic, embryologic, embryonal - (of an organism prior to birth or hatching; 'in the embryonic stage'; 'embryologic development') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InUtero, :VitalityAttributeValue . :EmbryophyteSubkingdom :en "embryophyte" ; :guid "bd58e997-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A major group within the plant kingdom which includes those taxa whose members have an embryonic stage which is dependent on the parent plant for some period. Includes vascular plants (tracheophyta division) and mosses/liverworts/etc. (bryophyte division) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant . :Emerald :wnsense "emerald2n" ; :wordnet "emerald" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A gem prepared from ''EmeraldStuff'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'emerald' in WordNet: 2. emerald - (a transparent piece of emerald that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gemstone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmeraldStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Precious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EmeraldStuff :guid "bdc7d107-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "emerald1n" ; :wordnet "emerald" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmeraldStuff' is the substance of which ''Emerald''s consist, a form of ''Beryl''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emerald' in WordNet: 1. emerald - (a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beryl, :GemStuff . :Emergency :guid "bea926a9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "emergency1n", "exigency2n", "pinch4n" ; :wordnet "emergency", "exigency", "pinch" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$DangerousSituations (hazardous #$Situations) in which death, significant physical injury, significant physical distruction, or significant financial (or other) disaster shall occur unless action is quickly taken to prevent (or significantly lessen) the pending injury or destruction. The restriction 'convincedAgentToAction' assumes that something was done to address the emergency and *that something* should be represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emergency' and sense 4 of 'pinch' in Wordnet: 1. (10) emergency, exigency, pinch - (a sudden unforeseen crisis ( usually involving danger) that requires immediate action; 'he never knew what to do in an emergency') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighPriorityTask ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :convincedAgentToAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :HighPriorityTask ] . :EmergencyMedicalTreatment :wnsense "primary care1n" ; :wordnet "primary care" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmergencyMedicalTreatment'' is ''MedicalCareEvent''that is geven in an emergency, when care is needed immediately. This is often peerformed outside of a hospital, including on-site, as when a Person is injured in an automobile accident or has a heart attack at home. Q: how to distinguish this from non-emergency treatment subsequent to this type of Action?? Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'primary care' (which includes non-emergency consultations) in WordNet: 1. primary care - (the medical care received on first contact with the medical system (before being referred elsewhere)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Therapeutic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HealthEmergency ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ] . :EmergencyProcedure :wnsense "emergency procedure1n" ; :wordnet "emergency procedure" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EmergencyProcedure'' is a 'ProcessiveAction' (an Action in which an Agent(s) perform some series of Actions) which takes place due to an ''Emergency'' in order to prevent harm. This is a real-word physical Event, *not* an abstract ''Procedure''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emergency procedure' in WordNet: 1. emergency procedure - ((medicine) a procedure adopted to meet an emergency (especially a medical emergency)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessiveAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProblemSolvingProcedure ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emergency ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urgent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EmergencyVehicle :guid "c0fbde95-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$EmergencyVehicle is a specialization of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$EmergencyVehicle is a vehicle, which is used for emergency and rescue situations. These include instances of FireTrucks, Ambulances, and, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationDevice-Vehicle . :EmergencyWorker :guid "c10afc86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """paramedics, policeman, firemen, etc - people whose job it is to help victims of accidents, fires, disasters. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult . :Emerging :en "issue forth" ; :wnsense "come forth1v", "come out2v", "egress1v", "egress3n", "egression1n", "emerge1v", "emerge2v", "emergence3n", "emergence4n", "emersion2n", "issue4v" ; :wordnet "come forth", "come out", "egress", "egression", "emerge", "emergence", "emersion", "issue" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Emerging'' is a ''LeavingaPlace'' and an ''AppearingEvent'', an Event in which some PhysicalObject which was not previously visible to an observer leaves some place and thus becomes visible to that observer. The AppearingEvent in this case is caused by the motion of the object out of that Place. The Place exited is not necessarily a ''Container'' (could be a Woods or the Ground or a Cocoon or the calyx or bud from which the petals of a flower emerge or open up). For the case where some ''Fluid'' (liquid or gas) emerges from a place use the subtype ''IssuingForth''. NOTE that this type does not distinguish between coming out under one's own power and coming out by some other force. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'emerge' and noun senses 3 and 4 of 'emergence' in WordNet: 1. (36) emerge - (come out into view, as from concealment; 'Suddenly, the proprietor emerged from his office') 2. (9) issue, emerge, come out, come forth, go forth, egress - (come out of; 'Water issued from the hole in the wall'; 'The words seemed to come out by themselves') WN noun 'emergence': 3. emergence, emersion - (the act of emerging) 4. egress, egression, emergence -- (the act of coming (or going) out; becoming apparent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppearingEvent, :LeavingaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :EmergingIntoExistence :en "coming into existence" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Arising ; :wnsense "emergent2adj", "emerging3adj" ; :wordnet "emergent", "emerging" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmergingIntoExistence'' is a property of Things (very broad) that are coming into existence. Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'emerging' in WordNet: 3. emergent, emerging - (coming into existence; 'an emergent republic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rare, :Salient . :Emeritus :isAnAttributeValueOf :Retiree ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Retirement ; :wnsense "emeritus1adj", "retired2adj" ; :wordnet "emeritus", "retired" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Emeritus'' is used mostly for academic positions where a faculty member such as a Professor no longer is required to perform her/his usual duties, but retains a position on the staff with the term 'emeritus' appended to the title. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'emeritus' in Wordnet: 1. (1) emeritus, retired - (honorably retired from assigned duties and retaining your title along with the additional title 'emeritus' as in 'professor emeritus'; 'retired from assigned duties' need not imply that one is inactive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive . :Emigrating :wnsense "emigrate1v" ; :wordnet "emigrate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Moving to a ''ForeignCountry'' (a different country from the starting place of the move). NOTE: the starting place is notnecessarily one's original native country, this could be a second or third Emigration. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'emigrate' in WordNet: 1. (2) emigrate - (leave one's country of residence for a new one; 'Many people had to emigrate during the Nazi period') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Migrating, :TransferOut, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExitingaCountry ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForeignCountry ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :Eminence :wnsense "distinction2n", "eminence1n", "note7n", "preeminence1n" ; :wordnet "distinction", "eminence", "note", "preeminence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eminence'' is a high level of 'GoodReputation', being not only a good reputatioon, but being .widely admired. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eminence' in WordNet: 1. (1) eminence, distinction, preeminence, note - (high status importance owing to marked superiority; 'a scholar of great eminence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodReputation . :Eminent :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Eminence ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unknown ; :wnsense "distinguished1adj", "eminent1adj" ; :wordnet "distinguished", "eminent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eminent'' is an attribute of people who stand out from others,especally by being more accomplished or more respected by their peers. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eminent' in Wordnet: 1. (2) distinguished, eminent - ((used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation; 'our distinguished professor'; 'an eminent scholar'; 'a great statesman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient, :SocialStatusAttribute . :Emission :guid "bed006f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "discharge3v", "eject2v", "emission1n", "emit1v", "release4v" ; :wordnet "discharge", "eject", "emission", "emit", "release" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TransferOut. Each instance of #$Emission is an event in which something 'comes out' of a source, where the source in question causally contributes to that thing's 'coming out' (e.g., the source is a #$providerOfMotiveForce). The source of the emission is indicated with the predicate #$emitter. If the thing which 'comes out' is an instance of #$PartiallyTangible, then the event belongs to a more specific collection, #$EmittingAnObject. If an emission is the first sub-event of an instance of #$WavePropagation, then the emission belongs to the more specialized collection, #$EmittingAWave. NOTE that this includes the special case where a wave (sound, light) is 're-emitted' from an object that can reflect the wave, as in echoing or reflecting. Includes noun sense 1 of 'emission' and verb sense 1 of 'emit' in Wordnet: 1. (6) emission, emanation - (the act of emitting; causing to flow forth) WN verb 'emit': 1. (3) emit, breathe, pass off - (expel (gases or odors)) WN verb 'discharge': 3. (2) discharge, expel, eject, release - (eliminate (substances) from the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransferOut, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :EmittableThingType :WaveType :Wave ) ] ] . :EmittableObject a :EmittableThingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EmittableObject is something that can be emitted in an Emission event; to be reasonable, it should be microscopic, like radiation. If something like a bullet is propelled, that would be a propulsion event""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject . :EmittableThingType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """EmittableObjectType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for EmittableObjects and for wavelike Events, in an argument restriction for the canEmit relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType, :QualitativeAttributeType . :EmittingAWave :guid "bebe7cda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: The act of Emitting a wave and the Event of WavePropagationEvent are treated as two different types of Event; each instance of the former causes an instance of the latter. NOTE that this type includes 're-emitting' a wave, as in echoing or reflecting. Therefore the 'emitting' object is not necessarily the originator of the wave. Cyc: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$Emission. Each instance is an event in which a wave is emitted at a #$fromLocation. For example, Themistocles ordering his fleet to withdraw; Miles Davis playing the trumpet; an emergency flare burning by the side of the road. See also #$WavePropagation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Emission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WavePropagationEvent ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :WaveType :WavePropagationEvent :Wave ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedWave ] . :EmittingAnObject :guid "bd58e6c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this Cyc Type is reinterpreted to represent the Action in which an Object or Substance is emnitted. the subtype 'EmittingStuff' will represent emission of a gas or fluid, rather than discrete objects. The term 'emitting' may be misleading, since giving birth or laying an egg (which might be better terned 'expelling') is a subtype of this type. Cyc: A specialization of #$Emission. Each instance of #$EmittingAnObject is an emission event in which some partially tangible object (related to the emission event via #$objectEmitted) is emitted from something else (the emitter, related to the emission event via #$emitter). The emitted object goes from a place inside of the emitter to some place that is not within the emitter, and the emitter plays an active role in the emission. Notable specializations of #$EmittingAnObject include #$Bleeding-TheAction, #$PrecipitationProcess, and #$SecretionEvent. Note that shooting bullets from a gun is a case of 'propelling', not 'emitting'. Emitting is primarily for natural or continuous processes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Emission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :EmittingCarbonDioxide a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmittingCarbonDioxide'' is the Action of a ''Fire'' that burns organic material - ''Wood'',''Petroleum'', ''Gasoline'' or ''NaturalGas'' among others. There are fires such as the burning of hydrogen ad oxygen in a rocket mtor, that do not produce ''CarbonDioxide''. NOTE: the relation ''hasStartingPlace'' is not 'functional', so there may be more than one 'starting place' for some Object or Substance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarbonDioxide ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BurningObject ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combustion ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmbientAirObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :EmittingLight a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of 'EmittingAWave' in which the Wave emitted is 'Light'. Each Event of 'EmittingLight' directly causes a 'LightPropagationEvent'. The difference between 'EmittingLight' and a 'LightPropagationEvent' is that the emission only begins the 'LightPropagationEvent', which consists of propagation of the light waves potentially far from the source. Note that 'Light' in COSMO is a form of Energy while a 'LightPropagationEvent' is an Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingAWave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightPropagationEvent ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :EmittingSmoke :en "emit smoke" ; :eng "emitting smoke" ; :env "emit smoke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmittingSmoke'' is the Action of some kinds of ''Fire''. Not all fires emit smoke, and smoke may be generated by some processes other than a ''Fire'' but in general, \" where there's smoke, there's fire \". NOTE: the relation ''hasStartingPlace'' is not 'functional', so there may be more than one 'starting place' for some Object or Substance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smoke ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fire ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmbientAirObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :EmittingSound :en "give off a sound", "make a sound" ; :guid "bd589e37-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "go11v", "make noise1v", "noise1v", "resound2v", "sound2v", "sound3v" ; :wordnet "go", "make noise", "noise", "resound", "sound" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$EmittingAWave. Each instance of #$EmittingSound is an event in which some instance of #$Sound is emitted from some wave source (see the predicate #$waveSource). Examples of #$EmittingSound include an explosion generating a sound wave, a plucked violin string resonating, a baby crying, and a person saying 'Hello'. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'sound' in WordNet: 2. (14) sound, go - (make a certain noise or sound; 'She went ''Mmmmm''; The gun went 'bang') 3. (9) sound - (give off a certain sound or sounds; 'This record sounds scratchy') WN verb 'make noise' 1. (2) make noise, resound, noise - (emit a noise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingAWave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :EmittingStuff :guid "bd58e67f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "emit2v", "give off2v", "give out1v" ; :wordnet "emit", "give off", "give out" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The emission process (actually a transitive Event). The entity that performs the emission does not change its identity because of the emission. This can be used for emtting substances, whereas ''WmittingAnObject'' can be used for emitting an Object. Emitting a quantity of stuff might be classified under either of these depending on whether the Object concept or Substance concept is more salient. COSMO note: 'EmittingStuff' is interpreted as a specialization of the event 'EmittingAnObject'. In 'EmittingStuff' the thing emitted may be of a gaseous or liquid or solid nature, and the emission process a relatively continuous process rather than an abrupt event. Thus a radioactive atom emitting an electron would be an 'EmittingAnObject' event, while crying, bleeding, and emitting tears and weather precipitation would be an 'EmittingStuff' event. The borderline case of spitting would be EmittingAnObject, as would the event in which a skunk sprays foul-smelling stuff on another animal that disturbs it. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'emit' in WordNet: 2. (1) emit, give out, give off - (give off, send forth, or discharge; as of light, heat, or radiation, vapor, etc.; The ozone layer blocks some harmful rays which the sun emits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Emission, :Movement-TranslationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emanating ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :EmittingaBadBreath :en "emitting a bad breath" ; :enn "emitting a bad breath" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """is an ''Exhaling'' in which the thing exhaled is a ''BadBreath'' (offensive ''Stinky'' breath.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exhaling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BadBreath ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ] . :EmittingaGlow :eng "glowing" ; :wnsense "glow1v" ; :wordnet "glow" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmittingaGlow'' is a 'LightPropagationEvent' in which some object emits a steady light that is not from a flame,though the object may be hot enough to perform ''Incandescence''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glow' in WordNet: 1. (5) glow - (emit a steady even light without flames; 'The fireflies were glowing and flying about in the garden') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShiningLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :EmittingaRadioWave :en "radio emission", "radio wave emission" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''EmittingaRadioWave'' is a specialization of 'EmittingAWave' in which the Wave emitted is a ''RadioWave''. Each Event of ''EmittingaRadioWave'' directly causes a ''RadioWave'' (the event of a RadioWave propagating through some region of space). Each ''EmittingaRadioWave'' is an Event in which some object (not necessarily an ElectronicDevice) emits radio waves (by producing ''RadioWavePhoton''s.. This is the most general emission; it can come from a distant quasar or a local internet router. . The difference between 'EmittingaRadioWave' and a 'RadioWave' (Event) is that the ''RadioWave'' (Event of propagation of a radiowave) is caused by and only begins at the time and place of the ''EmittingaRadioWave'' Event. SUMO; 'RadioEmission': Any instance of RadiatingElectromagnetic where the waves have a wavelength between 5 millimeters and 30,000 meters. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingAWave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWave ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWavePhoton ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Emotional :pertainsTo :EmotionalState, :ExpressingEmotion ; :wnsense "affectional1adj", "affective1adj", "emotional1adv", "emotional3adv" ; :wordnet "affectional", "affective", "emotional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Emotional'' is the attribute pertaining to an ''EmotionalState'' or to people whose behavior is dominated by an ''EmotionalState''. NOTE: this does not imply that someone who is ''Emotional'' is ''Irrational'', just that s/he is experiencing a strong Emotion but may still be capable of careful reasoning, while having strong motives to do something. Add 'EmotionalAction' (one caused by Emotion)? =? \" ExpressingEmotion \"? ''Irrational'' is somewhat similar to ''Emotional'' but being ''Irrational''can be due to delusions, not excessive emotion, so they are not identical or related as subtypes, but as siblings of the common parent ''Unreasonable''. Includes adjective senses 1, and 3 of 'emotional' and part of sense 1 of 'affective' in WordNet: 1. (19) emotional - (determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason; 'it was an emotional judgment') 3. (2) emotional - (of or pertaining to emotion; 'emotional health'; 'an emotional crisis') WN adj 'affective': 1. affectional, affective, emotive - (characterized by emotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EmotionalSensitivity :wnsense "sensitiveness1n", "sensitivity3n" ; :wordnet "sensitiveness", "sensitivity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sensitiveness' in WordNet: 1. sensitivity, sensitiveness - (sensitivity to emotional feelings (of self and others)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BehavioralDisposition, :Sensitivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmotionalState ; owl:onProperty :disposesToFeeling ] . :EmotionalState :wnsense "emotion1n" ; :wordnet "emotion" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A static Event during which a single individual experiences some emotion, such as fear, anger, joy, dread, terror, happiness. These stronger feelings are usually classified in a small number of categories. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emotion' in Wordnet: 1. (50) emotion - (any strong feeling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emotional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Emotionally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Emotional ; :wnsense "emotionally2adv" ; :wordnet "emotionally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Emotionally'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that the attribute modified relates to an''EmotionalState'' or to an ''Emotion'' Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'emotionally' in Wordnet: 2. (2) emotionally - (with regard to emotions; 'emotionally secure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :EmotionallyDisposed :isTheOppositeOf :DisposedToReason, :Rational ; :wnsense "emotional1adv", "emotional2adv" ; :wordnet "emotional" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmotionallyDisposed'' is a subtype of ''Emotional'' indicating not a temporary but recurring pattern of behavior motivationally dominated by an ''EmotionalState''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'emotional' in WordNet: 1. (19) emotional - (determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason; 'it was an emotional judgment') 2. (7) emotional - (of more than usual emotion; 'his behavior was highly emotional') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Emotional, :PersonTraitValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExhibitingEmotion ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :EmotionallyExpressive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ExpressingEmotion ; :wnsense "emotional2adj" ; :wordnet "emotional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'emotional' in WordNet: 2. (7) emotional - (of more than usual emotion; 'his behavior was highly emotional') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expressive . :EmotionallySensitive :isTheOppositeOf :Insensitive ; :wnsense "sensitive2adj" ; :wordnet "sensitive" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EmotionallySensitive'' is a form of ''Sensitive'' characterizing a Person whose feelings are affected by the behavior or needs of other People.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sensitive' in Wordnet: 2. (7) sensitive - (being susceptible to the attitudes, feelings, or circumstances of others; 'sensitive to the local community and its needs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensitive . :Emotionless :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :LackOfEmotion ; :wnsense "emotionless1adj", "passionless2adj" ; :wordnet "emotionless", "passionless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is not necessarily a long-lived personality attribute, it can be temporary, as when performing routine Actions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'emotionless' in WordNet: 1. emotionless, passionless - (unmoved by feeling; 'he kept his emotionless objectivity and faith in the cause he served'; 'this passionless girl was like an icicle in the sunshine'-Margaret Deland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Emotive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ExpressingEmotion ; :wnsense "affectional1adj", "affective1adj", "emotive1adj" ; :wordnet "affectional", "affective", "emotive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'emotive' in WordNet: 1. affectional, affective, emotive - (characterized by emotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expressive . :Empathy :wnsense "empathy1n" ; :wordnet "empathy" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Empathy'' is moreintensive Feeling than''Sympathy'' in that it allows one to understand and to some degree share the Feelngs that another person has. RHW'empathy': 1. the intellectual identification with or vicarious experiencing of the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'empathy' in WordNet: 1. empathy - (understanding and entering into another's feelings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sympathy . :Emperor-HeadOfState :guid "bd5899bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "emperor1n" ; :wordnet "emperor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The emperor of a country which is usually an empire. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emperor' in WordNet: 1. emperor - (the male ruler of an empire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Monarch-HeadOfState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeadingAnEmpire ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Emphasis :wnsense "emphasis2n", "vehemence1n" ; :wordnet "emphasis", "vehemence" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Emphasis'' is a ''MannerOfSpeaking'' that implies that the speaker places a high degree of importance on or has a intensity of feeling about the thing emphasized. This manner can be realized in speaking as stronger or louder pronunciation of certain words or, in writing, by bold or italicized text, or by repetition of the same idea being emphasized, possibly using different words. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emphasis' in WordNet: 2. (7) vehemence, emphasis - (intensity or forcefulness of expression; 'the vehemence of his denial'; 'his emphasis on civil rights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MannerOfSpeaking . :Emphasized :isAnAttributeValueOf :AbstractText, :TextualMaterial ; :wnsense "emphasised1adj", "emphasized1adj", "emphatic1adj", "emphatic2adj", "exclamatory1adj" ; :wordnet "emphasised", "emphasized", "emphatic", "exclamatory" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Emphasized'' is an attribute value of text (''AbstractText'' or (physical) ''TextualMaterial'') that is a subtype of ''Strong'', modifying parts of text , specifying that the ''Emphasized'' text is written in a font that is bold or italicised or in all capitals, or set off by (for example) asterisks, or otherwise distinguished from the remainder of the text, as a means to signify that the ideas expressed in that text are considered by the writer of special importance or that the writer has a deep feeling about the ideas. For Speaking that is emphasized, use ''Emphatic''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Strong . :EmphasizingSomething :wnsense "accentuate1v", "emphasise1v", "emphasize1v", "stress1v" ; :wordnet "accentuate", "emphasise", "emphasize", "stress" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmphasizingSomething'' is an ''ExpressingLinguistically'' in which what is conveyed (in speech, text, images, or sounds such as misic(\\) is expressed in such a manner that it is clear that that thing has more than average significance or importance. This may apply to parts of something expressed, such as ''Highlighting'' in an image. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'emphasize' in WordNet: 1. (30) stress, emphasize, emphasise, punctuate, accent, accentuate - (to stress, single out as important; 'Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emphatic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emphatically ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emphasis ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Emphatic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Speaking ; :wnsense "emphasised1adj", "emphasized1adj", "emphatic1adj", "emphatic2adj", "exclamatory1adj" ; :wordnet "emphasised", "emphasized", "emphatic", "exclamatory" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Emphatic'' is an attribute value of ''Speaking'' that is a subtype of ''Strong'' modifying parts of speech acts, specifying that the ''Emphatic'' speech is pronounced more loudly, more forcefully, or more slowly to signify that the ideas expressed in that speech are considered by the speaker to be more significant or of special importance or that the speaker has a deep feeling about the ideas, or that communication or part is more important than other communications. The logical meaning of this is a quality of ''Speaking'' though it may have implications as to the meaning of what is spoken. For statements that are 'emphatic' or 'forceful' use ''Assertive''. For text that is emphasized, use ''Emphasized''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'emphatic' in WordNet: 1. (1) emphatic, emphasized, emphasised - (spoken with emphasis; 'an emphatic word') 2. emphatic, exclamatory - (sudden and strong; 'an emphatic no') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Strong . :EmphaticPronunciation :takesValue :Emphatic ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmphaticPronunciation'' is a 'PronunciationManner' in which a person speaks more loudly, with greater force,or more slowly to signify emphasis. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PronunciationManner . :Emphatically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Emphasized, :Emphatic ; :wnsense "emphatically1adv" ; :wordnet "emphatically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Emphatically'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that described the manner of speaking in some part of an act of ''Communication'' that indicates that that part has more significance or importance than other parts RHW 'emphatic': 1. uttered, or to be uttered, with emphasis; strongly expressive. 2. using emphasis in speech or action. The only entry for'emphatically in WN does not seem to be close to the intended meaning of this entry. Similar but not close to adverb sense 1 of 'emphatically' in WordNet: 1. (1) decidedly, unquestionably, emphatically, definitely, in spades, by all odds - (without question and beyond doubt; 'it was decidedly too expensive'; 'she told him off in spades'; 'by all odds they should win') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Empire :guid "beb532fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "empire1n", "imperium1n" ; :wordnet "empire", "imperium" ; a :AgentType, :CountryType, :LocationType, :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Empire'' is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' in which some Ruling Person or Body (often an Emperor or Empress) has authority over a collection of previously independent Regions. In imperial Rome the ruler was nominally the Senate. It may or may not (as the 'Holy Roman Empire') have overseas territories. A country that does not call itself an 'empire' is not included, even if it has overseas territories. CYC: The collection of all instances of geopolitical entities that are ruled by an emperor or an emperess. Includes sense 1 of 'empire' in RHW: 1. a group of nations or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful sovereign or government: usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, French Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine Empire, or Roman Empire. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'empire' in WordNet: 1. (3) empire, imperium - (the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :EmpireRegion ; owl:onProperty :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory ] . :EmpireRegion :en "imperial domain" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EmpireRegion'' is the Region over which an ''Empire'' claims jurisdiction. Not distinguishes in WordNet for 'empire'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalRegion . :Empirical :ldoce "scientific" ; :pertainsTo :ScientificMethod ; :wnsense "empirical1adj", "scientific2adj" ; :wordnet "empirical", "scientific" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Empirical' is the attribute of a method of testing or of reasoning that requires the experimental verification of any hypothesis (as contrasted with pure reasoning). This attribute is commonly called 'scientific', but the term 'Scientific' in COSMO is used for the more general attribute that pertains in any way to Science. The Wordnet gloss for 'Empirical' indicates that no theory is referenced in an 'Empirical' observation, but ni COSMO it is assumed that any observation makes sense only in the context of some hypothesis, even if it is informal - so no distinction is made between 'Empirical' and the second sense of 'scientific'. If necessary, this conflation may be dissected. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'scientific' and sense 1 of 'empirical' in WordNet: WN 'empirical': 1. (4) empirical, empiric - - (derived from experiment and observation rather than theory; 'an empirical basis for an ethical theory'; 'empirical laws'; 'empirical data'; 'an empirical treatment of a disease about which little is known') 2. (16) scientific - - (conforming with the principles or methods used in science; 'a scientific approach') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scientific . :Employed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Employee ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :JobSituation ; :wnsense "employed1adj", "on the job1adj", "working1adj" ; :wordnet "employed", "on the job", "working" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Employed'' is the characteristic attribute of a Person in a ''JobSituation'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'employed' and sense 1 of 'working' (no distinction) in WordNet: 1. (1) employed - (having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary; 'most of our graduates are employed') WN adj 'working': 1. (7) working, on the job - (actively engaged in paid work; 'the working population'; 'the ratio of working men to unemployed'; 'a working mother'; 'robots can be on the job day and night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive . :EmployedStaff :wnsense "staff1n" ; :wordnet "staff" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ WN noun 'staff': 1. (533) staff - (personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task; 'the hospital has an excellent nursing staff'; 'the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Personnel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Staffer ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HelpingSomethingDoSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewspaperPublisher ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :Employee :guid "bd58ec41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "employee1n" ; :wordnet "employee" ; a :HumanRoleType, :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Employee works directly for some agent (to which it is related via the predicate #$employees). This collection is disjoint with #$SelfEmployedWorker. See also #$HasPositionRelationship. An Employee may work for a company or an individual. Each Employee fills some 'EmploymentPosition' Role. COSMO note: to classify someone as an instance of 'Employee' is is necessary to specify the agent for whom s/he is an Employee. An Employee will necessarily be a Person, and other organizations would be considered as contractors. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'employee' in WordNet: 1. (57) employee - (a worker who is hired to perform a job) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affiliate, :PersonWithOccupation, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, :Worker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Employer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HiringAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :EmployeeHiring :guid "bd58d9c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hire" ; :wnsense "employ2v", "employment3n", "hire1v" ; :wordnet "employ", "employment", "hire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This type is for hiring an employee for more than one specific task (as an employee, for a salary rather than a lump sum or hourly rate without minimum hours per week). The Employee must be a natural Person. For hiring temporarily without a person becoming an employee use 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething'. The borderline between official employee and contractor can be legally fuzzy. NOTE that the restriction requires that the state of employment ('JobSituation') be specified, which specifies employer and employee. CYC: A specialization of both #$MakingAnAgreement and #$OrganizationalTransferIn. Each instance of #$EmployeeHiring is an event in which some agent - either an organization or a person - hires a person to work as its employee. Note that a hiring event is viewed as occurring at the time the prospective employee accepts an offer of a job, rather than the (possibly later) time s/he first begins that job. See also #$employees and #$WorkAgreement. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'hire', verb sense 2 of 'employ' and noun sense 3 of 'employment' in WordNet: WN hire: 1. (33) hire, engage, employ - (engage or hire for work; 'They hired two new secretaries in the department'; 'How many people has she employed?') WN employment 3. (6) employment, engagement - (the act of giving someone a job) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HiringAnAgent, :JoiningAnOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :JobSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Employment ] . :EmployeeLayoff :guid "bd58a68a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "layoff1n" ; :wordnet "layoff" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Actions in which a person's job ends due to the employer no longer affording to pay the person's salary or wages. NOTE: in WN this is a subtpye of 'closing' but a 'layoff' in COSMO does not have to be a complete cessation of operations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'layoff' in WordNet: 1. (2) layoff - (the act of laying off an employee or a work force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmploymentTermination, :ExpellingFromMembership . :EmployeePlacement :wnsense "placement2n" ; :wordnet "placement" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EmployeePlacement'' is an AppointingEvent in which some manager in an Organization assigns an Employee to some position in that Organization. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'placement' in WordNet; however,WordNet considers this a 'contact', which is not the parent in COSMO. in WordNet: 2. (2) placement - (contact established between applicants and prospective employees; 'the agency provided placement services') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppointingEvent . :Employer :ldoce "employer" ; :wnsense "boss2n", "employer1n" ; :wordnet "boss", "employer" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An IntelligentAgent (person, organization, group of people) that makes an agreement with a Person to provide compensation in return for services. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'employer' and sense 2 of 'boss' in WordNet: 1. (14) employer - (a person or firm that employs workers) WN noun 'boss': 2. (4) boss, hirer -(a person responsible for hiring workers; 'the boss hired three more men for the new job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Employee ; owl:onProperty :hasEmployee ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HiringAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :EmployerPB a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "", """Test entity meaning the same as 'Employer' but used only within this small test segment. See 'LegalEntity'""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalEntity . :Employment :ldoce "employment", "work" ; :wnsense "employment2n", "work3n" ; :wordnet "employment", "work" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The reified relation (an Object) between one Employer and one Employee. The StaticSituation of employment (holding a paid job) is represented as ''JobSituation''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'work' and sense 2 of 'employment' in WordNet: 3. (96) employment, work - (the occupation for which you are paid; 'he is looking for employment'; 'a lot of people are out of work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialRelation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmployeeHiring ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :EmploymentPosition :ldoce "office", "position", "post" ; :wnsense "berth1n", "billet3n", "office7n", "position6n", "post3n", "situation5n", "spot8n" ; :wordnet "berth", "billet", "office", "position", "post", "situation", "spot" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'EmploymentPosition' is a Role that a (usually employed) person plays (an Employee) with respect to the organization or person who hired her/him, or who is the supervisor, or with respect to an Organization within which the Role is being played. Such a post need not be paid employment. This differs from the subtypes of 'PersonWithOccupation' in being not a generic type of occupation such as 'Nurse', but a specific position in a specific organization or supervisi0on hierarchy, for example 'CEO of IBM'. NOTE that this differs from 'Job' in being the generic post within an organization. not the employment relation for an individual. A person can 'have' a job, but 'occupy' a post or position. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'position', sense 3 of post', sense 7 of 'office' in WordNet: 6. (12) position, post, berth, office, spot, billet, place, situation - (a job in an organization; 'he occupied a post in the treasury') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Position, :SocialNiche, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TermOfOffice ; owl:onProperty :holdsInTimeInterval ] . :EmploymentTermination :SUMO "TerminatingEmployment" ; :en "employment termination", "terminating employment" ; :enn "employment termination", "terminating employment" ; :guid "bd58d986-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :EmployeeHiring ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$EndingAnAgreement and #$OrganizationalTransferOut. Each instance of #$EmploymentTermination is an event in which some employee (an instance of #$IntelligentAgent) ceases to work for his or her employer. The termination may be initiated by either party, or it may have been specified in the original #$WorkAgreement (q.v.) that specified the terms of the employment. Specializations of #$EmploymentTermination include #$Resigning, #$EmployeeLayoff, #$DischargeWithPrejudice, and #$RetirementEvent. Can be 'quitting a job' or 'being fired (canned, riffed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessEvent, :EndingAnAgreement, :LeavingAnOrganization . :Empowering :wnsense "authorisation4n", "authorise1v", "authorization4n", "authorize2v", "empower1v", "empowerment1n" ; :wordnet "authorisation", "authorise", "authorization", "authorize", "empower", "empowerment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Empowering'' is a form of 'GrantingPermssion'' in which one IntelligentAgent in Authority provides a second agent with formal 'authorization' (not necessarly written) to perform activites that are within the Authority's powers to perform,thus making the second agent into a stand-in or delegate or representeative of the Authority. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'empower' in WordNet: 2. empower, authorise, authorize - (give or delegate power or authority to; 'She authorized her assistant to sign the papers') WN noun 'authorization': 4. authorization, authorisation, empowerment - (the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrantingPermission, :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :Emptiness :wnsense "emptiness1n" ; :wordnet "emptiness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'emptiness' in WordNet: 1. (1) emptiness - (the state of containing nothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Existence, :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Empty ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Empty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Emptiness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Cavity ; :ldoce "empty" ; :wnsense "empty3adj" ; :wordnet "empty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Empty is an attribute of objects that have cavities inside (whether or not they are containers) specifying that they contain nothing (except air or some other fluid that can be removed to leave only gas). An Object that is ''Empty'' can be used to contain things. But this is very varied, and the ability to contain things may not be a useful property for an ''IntentionalAgent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'empty' in WordNet, in WordNet: 3. empty - (having nothing inside; 'an empty sphere') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hollow . :EmptyOfContents :isTheOppositeOf :Full ; :ldoce "empty" ; :wnsense "empty1adj" ; :wordnet "empty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Empty is an attribute specifically for containers, specifying that they contain nothing (except air). Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'empty', however the metaphorical sense in 'empty hours' is not included here in WordNet: 1. (32) empty - (holding or containing nothing; 'an empty glass'; 'an empty room'; 'full of empty seats'; 'empty hours') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Empty . :EmptySet :ldoce "nothing" ; :wnsense "nothing1n", "nothing2n" ; :wordnet "nothing" ; a :SetMathematical ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the mathematical 'set', the empty set {} is a subset of every SetMathematical, containing no elements. This is approximately the common meaning of 'nothing', but is different from the number 'zero', for which see 'nothing', the instance of 'Quantifier'. NOTe that WN sense 1 seems to include both the number and the nonexistence senses. Includes to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'nothing' in WordNet: 1. (146) nothing, nil, nix, nada, null, aught, cipher, cypher, goose egg, naught, zero, zilch, zip, zippo - (a quantity of no importance; 'it looked like nothing I had ever seen before'; 'reduced to nil all the work we had done'; 'we racked up a pathetic goose egg'; 'it was all for naught'; 'I didn't hear zilch about it') 2. nothing, nonentity - (a nonexistent thing) """ . :EmptyingCompletely :en "completely empty", "empty completely" ; :env "completely empty", "empty completely" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :FillingEvent ; :wnsense "evacuate2v" ; :wordnet "evacuate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''EmptyingCompletely'' is a 'EmptyingEvent' in which some ''Container'' containing a ''Fluid'' is emptied of the contained fluid. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'evacuate' in WordNet: 2. (1) evacuate - (empty completely; 'evacuate the bottle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmptyingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmptyOfContents ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FillingEvent ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :EmptyingEvent :guid "beeb8f32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "empty" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :FillingEvent ; :wnsense "empty1v" ; :wordnet "empty" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'EmptyingEvent' is an Event in which some objects or substance is removed, or flows out of, some container - by a natural process or by an agent's action -so that the container has less of such material in it at the end of the Event than at the beginning. The EmptyingEvent need not be complete - a partial emptying, when the container is ''PartlyFilled'', is still an EmptyingEvent. This Event has two case roles - the container being emptied and the thing leaving the container; it may or may not have an agent doing the emptying (transitive and intransitive sense), but the emptying may be done by a natural process. In CYC: 'EmptyingAContainer' Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'empty' in WordNet: 1. (4) empty - (make void or empty of contents; 'Empty the box'; 'The alarm emptied the building') 2. (3) empty, discharge - (become empty or void of its content; 'The room emptied') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :RemovingPhysically, :Translation-LocationChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainerAndContents ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PartlyFilled :EmptyOfContents ) ] ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Emu :guid "c01a4ba0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Dromaius novaehollandiae1n", "Emu novaehollandiae1n", "emu2n" ; :wordnet "Dromaius novaehollandiae", "Emu novaehollandiae", "emu" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all emus. A very large, flightless bird. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'emu' in WordNet: 2. emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae, Emu novaehollandiae - (large Australian flightless bird similar to the ostrich but smaller) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlightlessBird . :Emulation :guid "bf4c14c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "emulate2v", "emulation2n" ; :wordnet "emulate", "emulation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Events; a specialization of #$ComputerProcessRunning. In every instance of #$Emulation, one computer system performs in exactly the same way (although perhaps not at the same speed) as another system of a different type. The emulator may consist solely of software, or be a combination of software and hardware. See also #$EmulatorProgram, #$EmulatorHardware, #$emulatesType. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'emulation' in WordNet: 2. emulation - ((computer science) technique of one machine obtaining the same results as another) WN verb 'emulate': 2. emulate - (imitate the function of (another system), as by modifying the hardware or the software) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerProgramExecution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmulatorProgram ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :EmulatorProgram :en "emulation program", "emulator program" ; :guid "bef25d7b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$ComputerProgram-CWs. Every instance of #$EmulatorProgram is a program written to perform instances of #$Emulation. See also #$EmulatorHardware, #$emulatesType.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerProgram, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emulation ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Emulsion :wnsense "emulsion1n", "emulsion2n" ; :wordnet "emulsion" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A generic 'Emulsion' is a mixture consisting of a stable suspension of one substance, finely divided, in a liquid, or the dried residue of such a suspension. Emulsions of oil in water can be formed by agitating a mixture of oil and water with a surfactant such as soap or detergent. The emulsions used in photographic film contain minute particles of silver halide suspended in gelatin, spread thinly over a photographic plate or film, and dried. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'emulsion' in Wordnet: 1. (3) emulsion - ((chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids; 'an oil-in-water emulsion') 2. emulsion, photographic emulsion - (a light-sensitive coating on paper or film; consists of fine grains of silver bromide suspended in a gelatin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture . :En-Typesetting :wnsense "en1n", "nut4n" ; :wordnet "en", "nut" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''En-Typesetting'' is a length measure for typesetting that is relative to the size of a fint, equal to the linear space alloted to the letter 'n' and about half the spcace for a letter 'm'. 'An en dash is half the width of an em dash.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'en' in WordNet: 1. en, nut - (half the width of an em) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfStuff, :VerbalQuantifier . :EnDash :en "dash", "en dash" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hyphen''-like character the length of one 'n' character. This may or may not be differentiated from the ''Hyphen'' in a typographical character set (or character coding system). RHW 'en dash': (Printing) a dash one en long. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark . :Enabling :wnsense "enable1v" ; :wordnet "enable" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enabling'' is a broad category of Events in which some Object (including agents) or Situation (potentially passive and natural) either facilitates or directly assists another Event, or removes a hindrance so as to allow an Event to happen. The subtypes are are specific. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enable' in WordNet: 1. (44) enable - (render capable or able for some task; 'This skill will enable you to find a job on Wall Street'; 'The rope enables you to secure yourself when you climb the mountain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :EnablingPassageThrough :en "enable passage through", "enabling passage through" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EnablingPassageThrough'' is a subtype of 'HelpingSomethingDoSomething' that can be used for Physical features of objects such as holes or cracks or gaps that permit gas or liquid to flow through, or doors or windows that allow people or other things to enter or exita structure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facilitating, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :EnablingTelecommunication a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """EnablingTelecommunication is the function of communication devices that allow communication over significant distances - not just amplifying voice like a loudspeaker, but converting signals into electrical pulses that can be transmitted ''Remotely'' over wire or optical fiber. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesignFunction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Telecommunication ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :Enchantment :wnsense "captivation1n", "enchantment1n", "enthrallment1n", "fascination2n" ; :wordnet "captivation", "enchantment", "enthrallment", "fascination" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enchantment'' is a strong Feeling of ''Interest'' that causes a person to pay more than a little attention to something that is ''Pleasant''. As a DirectedFeeling, the 'something' that one has an Interest in is related by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enchantment' in WordNet: 1. (1) captivation, enchantment, enthrallment, fascination - (a feeling of great liking for something wonderful and unusual) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fascination, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captivating ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Enchantress :wnsense "enchantress2n", "witch1n" ; :wordnet "enchantress", "witch" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The difference made in WN between this and ''Witch'' is unclear. The main distinguishing characteristic seems to be that the classic ''Witch'' is in league with the Devil(?) Is this related to Wiccan?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'enchantress' in WordNet: 2. enchantress, witch - (a female sorcerer or magician) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :MagicalPerson, :MythicalThing, :Occultist . :EncirclingSomething :wnsense "circle4v", "encircle2v" ; :wordnet "circle", "encircle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'EncirclingSomething' is an Action in which an Agent or Group of Agents forms a horizontal Circle-like object or formation of objects completely or almost completely around some PhysicalObject on the surface of the Earth, This could be a pack of wolves or lions surounding prey, or some Person building a fence-like object around a piece of land, or a Person drawing a Circle aoround something on a piece of paper, or anything resembling any of those kinds of action. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'encircle' in WordNet: 2. encircle, circle - (form a circle around; 'encircle the errors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaPhysicalObject, :SurroundingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CircularObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Enclave :guid "bd589505-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "enclave1n" ; :wordnet "enclave" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The physical and functional sides of an Enclave -- a small geographic region which is controlled almost completely by a foreign power. This is a (mostly) self-governing entity. Cultural 'enclaves' are not yet represented. This is for RHW sense 1 of 'enclave': 1. a country, or esp., an outlying portion of a country, entirely or mostly surrounded by the territory of another country. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enclave' in WordNet: 1. (1) enclave - (an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity . :Enclosed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Enclosing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Free ; :wnsense "enclosed1adj" ; :wordnet "enclosed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enclosed' in Wordnet: 1. enclosed - (closed in or surrounded or included within; 'an enclosed porch'; 'an enclosed yard'; 'the enclosed check is to cover shipping and handling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Enclosing :wnsense "confine4v", "enclose2v", "hold in1v" ; :wordnet "confine", "enclose", "hold in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enclosing'' is a broad range of Actions for ''KeepingSomething'' within some container or a spatially limited area. This is general, and the object can be something inanimate or animate. This can be puting a letter in an envelope (see subtypes ''EnlosingSomething'' and ''Inserting'') , a picture in a frame, or an animal in a pen, among a wide range of Actions restricting something to a location. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'enclose' in WordNet: 2. (2) enclose, hold in, confine - (close in or confine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingSomething, :LimitingAction, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enclosed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Keeping ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :EnclosingSomething :en "envelops", "surround" ; :guid "bd9050a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "enclose" ; :wnsense "enclose1v", "enclosing1n", "enclosure2n", "enfold1v", "engulf2v", "envelop1v", "envelopment1n", "enwrap1v", "inclosure2n", "wrap3v" ; :wordnet "enclose", "enclosing", "enclosure", "enfold", "engulf", "envelop", "envelopment", "enwrap", "inclosure", "wrap" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of all events in which something becomes enclosed. This can happen either as the result of an object moving into an enclosure, such as a person entering a room, or the enclosure surrounding the object, such as a hand grasping a pencil. 'Enclosure' means that the enclosed object is at least surrounded in a plane by the enclosure. The enclosing event is considered to last as long as the enclosed object is inside the enclosure. An enclosing may come about either by movement, growth or shape change. See related property ''surroundsCompletely'' This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enclose' in WordNet, and noun sense 1 of 'enclosing' and verb sense 1 of 'envelop' and parts of verb sense 2 of 'engulf' (for metaphorical or non-Physical things that 'enclose' something) in Wordnet: 1. (3) envelop, enfold, enwrap, wrap, enclose - (enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering; 'Fog enveloped the house') WN 'enclosing': 1. enclosure, enclosing, envelopment, inclosure - (the act of enclosing something inside something else) WN verb 'envelop': 1. (3) envelop, enfold, enwrap, wrap, enclose - (enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering; 'Fog enveloped the house') WN verb 'engulf': 2. (2) engulf - (flow over or cover completely; 'The bright light engulfed him completely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enclosing, :MovementOrShapeChangeEvent . :Enclosure :ldoce "enclosure" ; :wnsense "enclosure1n" ; :wordnet "enclosure" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Enclosure is a StorageContruct (a ContainerArtifact) that is intended to be used while stationary, and is typically too large for a person to carry. The protoypical enclosure will be outdoors, such as a fenced-in or walled-in area like a corral, but indoor enclosures such as wire cages that are locked to provide restricted access to objects inside a building also are instances. An Enclopsure should be open to some extent (such as an outdoor fence or an indoor wire cage), and a fully walled-off space would not be an enclosure but a room or building. NOTE that this type represents the PhysicalObject that serves to enclose a space, and the space enclosed is not included as part of the Enclosure - that is a different sense. this corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enclosure' in WordNet: 1. (2) enclosure - (artifact consisting of a space that has been enclosed for some purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :StorageConstruct . :EnclosureDocument :wnsense "enclosure4n", "inclosure1n" ; :wordnet "enclosure", "inclosure" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EnclosureDocument'' is a ''Document-Physical'' inclosed in some piece of mail or a package that provides additional information concerning the Topic of the mail or the contents of the package. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'enclosure' in WordNet: 4. enclosure, inclosure - (something (usually a supporting document) that is enclosed in an envelope with a covering letter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Document-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Mail :Package ) ] ] . :Encoding :eng "encoding" ; :guid "bdce47a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cipher1v", "code2v", "coding1n", "cryptography1n", "cypher1v", "encipher1v", "encode1v", "encrypt1v", "inscribe6v", "secret writing1n", "steganography1n", "write in code1v" ; :wordnet "cipher", "code", "coding", "cryptography", "cypher", "encipher", "encode", "encrypt", "inscribe", "secret writing", "steganography", "write in code" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events where some data in an #$InformationBearingThing are tranformed from a more 'raw' or natural format to a more compressed/complex format. This is more specialized than the CYC gloss suggests - this type is for the kind of ''Encoding'' that uses a hidden key, and published information will not suffice to understand it. This is *not* for computer program 'coding' and not for data compression (see ''DataCompression''). SUMO: Converting a document or message into a formal language or into a code that can be understood only by a relatively small body of Agents. Generally speaking, this hinders wide dissemination of the content in the original document or message. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'encode' in Wordnet: 1. encode, code, encipher, cipher, cypher, encrypt, inscribe, write in code - (convert ordinary language into code; 'We should encode the message for security reasons') WN noun 'cryptograohy': 1. cryptography, coding, secret writing, steganography - (act of writing in code or cipher) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdaptingSomething, :IBTRecoding, :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cryptography ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Encompassing :wnsense "comprehend3v", "cover6v", "embrace1v", "encompass1v" ; :wordnet "comprehend", "cover", "embrace", "encompass" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Encompassing'' is a state that is a subtype of ''HavingaPart'', in which something includes more than one other thing in its makeup, perhaps being broader in scope than just the parts mentioned. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'encompass' in WordNet: 1. (4) embrace, encompass, comprehend, cover - (include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory; 'This group encompasses a wide range of people from different backgrounds'; 'this should cover everyone in the group') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingaPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Encounter :en "bump into", "chance encounter", "chance meeting" ; :wnsense "chance upon1v", "come across1v", "come across3v", "come upon1v", "encounter1v", "encounter2n", "encounter2v", "encounter3n", "happen upon1v", "meet1v", "meeting4n", "run across1", "run into4", "see9v" ; :wordnet "chance upon", "come across", "come upon", "encounter", "happen upon", "meet", "meeting", "run across", "run into", "see" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Encounter'' is a ''ComingTogether'' Event in which (at least one of) two or more Objects (at least one of which is Person) move from being more distant to being *unintentionally* together in some definable Region, usually where they can communicate with each other. NOTE that this differs from ''GatheringTogetherOfPeople'' in that the meeting of people in an ''Encounter''' is not planned, although at least one individual involved may have planned going into that particular location, it was not for the purpose of meeting the other party(s) in the ''Encounter''. ALSO,in an ''Encounter'' one of the participants can be an inanimate object, so that this is not necessarily a ''ComingTogether'' of People. Therefore this Action is ''Unintended'' and the ''Unintended'' part is the meeting of a Person with another Person or Object, not the moving to a particular place. In common usage one can also 'encounter' an Event going on at a place ('came across a holdup'), but usually the thing 'encountered' s an Object or Person. NOTE: for unexpectedly 'finding' something that was hdden or buried use subtype ''FindingSomethingUnexpectedly''. There is no sense of 'bump into' in WN with this meaning - added as 'en' word. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'encounter' and part of verb 'happen upon' (not meaning 'to discover' - a thing 'encountered' is not hidden or buried) in WordNet: 1. (18) meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across, see - (come together; 'I'll probably see you at the meeting'; 'How nice to see you again!') 2. (8) find, happen, chance, bump, encounter - (come upon, as if by accident; meet with; 'We find this idea in Plato'; 'I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here'; 'She chanced upon an interesting book in the bookstore the other day') WN noun 'encounter': 2. (4) meeting, encounter - (a casual or unexpected convergence; 'he still remembers their meeting in Paris'; 'there was a brief encounter in the hallway') 3. (3) encounter, coming upon - (a casual meeting with a person of thing) WN verb 'happen upon': 1. (1) fall upon, strike, come upon, light upon, chance upon, come across, chance on, happen upon, attain, discover - (find unexpectedly; 'the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb'; 'she struck a goldmine'; 'The hikers finally struck the main path to the lake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ComingTogether, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unintended ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Encouragement :ldoce "encouragement" ; :wnsense "encouragement3n" ; :wordnet "encouragement" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A feeling of increased hope for achieving some goal. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'discouragement' in WordNet: 3. encouragement - (the feeling of being encouraged) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hope . :Encouraging :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Encouragement ; :isTheOppositeOf :Discouraging ; :wnsense "encouraging2adj", "supporting1adj" ; :wordnet "encouraging", "supporting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Encouraging'' is an AttributeValue of anything that tends to encourage a Person (for any reason). isTheOppositeOf rdf:resource=\"#Discouraging\" Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'encouraging' in WordNet: 2. encouraging, supporting - (furnishing support and encouragement; 'the anxious child needs supporting and accepting treatment from the teacher') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Encouraging-Inspiring :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Hope ; :wnsense "encouraging1v" ; :wordnet "encouraging" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Encouraging'' is an attribute of Events or Observations or of People that inspire hope that some aspect of the things being observed will turn out to become very good in some respect. Of research results, it could mean that the theory being tested will turn out to be provably true, or the drug being tested will turn out to be therapeutically useful. In the subtype ''Promising'' it means that the Person being described appears likely to become successful in some field of endeavor. Logical consequence: gives hope. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'encouraging' in WordNet: 1. encouraging - (giving courage or confidence or hope; 'encouraging advances in medical research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :EncouragingCommunication :causes :Encouragement ; :ldoce "encourage", "encouragement" ; :wnsense "encourage2v", "encouragement1n" ; :wordnet "encourage", "encouragement" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Communication which causes a person to become more optimistic and have increase hope about some situation. The Action in this Event includes both the communicating action and the increase in hope for the recipient of the EncouragingCommunication. An attempt to encourage that fails to do so would not be an instance of this type. NOTE: this is the act of communicating encouragement. The content of that act ('encouragement') seems to be conflated in WordNet with the act; @ToDo: the content (includes some assertion or hortatation) and the communication act should be distinguished. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'encouragement' in WordNet, and includes verb sense 2 of 'encourage ': in WordNet: 1. (3) encouragement - (the expression of approval and support) WN verb 'encourage': 2. (12) encourage - (inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :EncouragingEvent . :EncouragingEvent :causes :Encouragement ; :ldoce "encourage" ; :wnsense "encourage2v" ; :wordnet "encourage" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which something causes a person to become more optimistic about some situation; an Event that arouses increased hope in a Person. The Person being encouraged is a part of the meaning of each instance; therefore 'encouraging investment' or 'encouraging growth' are not instances of this type. This is not necessarily a communication from one person to another; some event, such as watching a person succeed in a similar endeavor, may cause a person to become encouraged. The specific subtype in which one person encourages another by a communication is 'EncouragingCommunication'. NOTE that the restriction asserts that every act of encouraging results in some feeling of Encouragement. This may not be strictly true, but for now (rev983) we assume that at least *some* encouragment results. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'encourage' in WordNet: 2. (12) encourage - (inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArousingAnEmotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Encouragement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Encouraging ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Encroachment :wnsense "encroach upon1v", "encroachment1n", "intrude on1v", "intrusion1n", "invade2v", "invasion2n", "obtrude upon1v" ; :wordnet "encroach upon", "encroachment", "intrude on", "intrusion", "invade", "invasion", "obtrude upon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Entry by any number of animals (usually people) into some region or physical Object not previously having such animals,or such animals in that number (e.g. a locust infestation). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'encroachment' in WordNet: 1. (3) invasion, encroachment, intrusion - (any entry into an area not previously occupied; 'an invasion of tourists'; 'an invasion of locusts') WN verb 'encroach upon': 1. (1) intrude on, invade, obtrude upon, encroach upon - (to intrude upon, infringe, encroach on, violate; 'This new colleague invades my territory'; 'The neighbors intrude on your privacy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringaRegion . :Enculturation :en "enculturate" ; :eng "acculturating" ; :env "enculturate" ; :wnsense "acculturation1n", "enculturation1n" ; :wordnet "acculturation", "enculturation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enculturation'' is a ''Socializing-Adapting'' to the behavior of the residents in a community (or country) into which one has moved one's residence. Common in immigrants. Corresponds to part (for new residents, not children) of noun sense 1 of 'enculturation' in WordNet: 1. socialization, socialisation, acculturation, enculturation - (the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture; 'the socialization of children to the norms of their culture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething, :InfluencingAnAgent, :Socializing-Adapting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BehaviorTowardOthers ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :Encumbrance :wnsense "burden1n", "encumbrance1n", "incumbrance2n", "load6n", "onus1n" ; :wordnet "burden", "encumbrance", "incumbrance", "load", "onus" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Encumbrance'' is a ProblemSituation that requires a Person to pay attention to some matter and perform some time-consuming task. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'encumbrance' in WordNet: 1. (1) burden, load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus - (an onerous or difficult concern; 'the burden of responsibility'; 'that's a load off my mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProblemSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worry ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Onerous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Encyclopedia :guid "bd589f73-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "encyclopedia1n" ; :wordnet "encyclopedia" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A reference work consisting of a large number (usually more than 100) of 'Article's, which is intended to provide a large amount of information about the whole world of knowledge (a general encyclopedia) or about some specialized domain (e.g. an encyclopedia of chemistry). CYC: The collection of all encyclopedias: generally, large reference works that aim to cover a broad swath (to varying degrees of depth) of human knowledge. Corresponds approximately to WordNet 'encyclopedia' sense 1 (the only sense): in WordNet: 1. (1) encyclopedia, cyclopedia, encyclopaedia, cyclopaedia - (a reference work (often in several volumes) containing articles on various topics (often arranged in alphabetical order) dealing with the entire range of human knowledge or with some particular specialty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowledgeOrganizationSystem, :ReferenceWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :EncyclopediaArticle ] . :EncyclopediaArticle :ldoce "article" ; :wnsense "article1n" ; :wordnet "article" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Article that is included in, or was created to be included in, an 'Encyclopedia' (print or electronic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScholarlyArticle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Encyclopedia ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :EndOfAnObject :ldoce "end" ; :wnsense "end1n" ; :wordnet "end" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One or the other end of an Object that has perceptible ends. Thus can be a FrontAndbackSidedObject or a LongAndThinThing, or a TopAndBottomSidedObject.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'end' in WordNet: 1. end - (either extremity of something that has length; 'the end of the pier'; 'she knotted the end of the thread'; 'they rode to the end of the line') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPartOfObject, :RelativeLocation . :EndOfCordlikeObject :guid "bda931ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "end" ; :wnsense "end1n" ; :wordnet "end" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note:this is interepreted as either end of an object that is long and thin, of any size, including roads and rivers. The collection of all cord ends, i.e. the end of a string, chain, chain of nucleotides. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'end' in WordNet, but includes only part of that sense: in WordNet: 1. (38) end - (either extremity of something that has length; 'the end of the pier'; 'she knotted the end of the thread'; 'they rode to the end of the line') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndOfAnObject . :EndOfRoomStage :en "stage at the end of a room", "stage at the front of a room" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EndOfRoomStage'' is a ''StageForPerformances'' that is a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'', with the Front side facing the Audience. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :StageForPerformances, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Room ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :EndOfTime :hasEndingTimePoint :EndOfTime ; :hasStartingTimePoint :EndOfTime ; a :TimePoint . :EndOfheWorld :wnsense "day of reckoning1n", "doomsday2n", "end of the world2n" ; :wordnet "day of reckoning", "doomsday", "end of the world" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This notion of ''EndOfheWorld'' is a ''Doom' that is really ''Bad'' or ''Undesirable'', usually postulated in mystical, religious or fictional scenarios, and not including or related to scientific theories of hwo the universe may end or not end.. NOTe that this is not an instance, but a type, because it is a purely hypothetical Event that can have may different theories as instances. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'doom' (not including the purely personal sense) in WordNet: 1. (3) doom, doomsday, day of reckoning, end of the world - (an unpleasant or disastrous destiny; 'everyone was aware of the approaching doom but was helpless to avoid it'; 'that's unfortunate but it isn't the end of the world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Doom, :PossibleFutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bad ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EndPointOf a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The ending time point of a TimeInterval. The TimeInterval does not have to be reified, but may be indicated within the name of the TimePoint by using a standard TimeInterval format such as the DTEG. Thus the ending point 'EndPointOf20010911Z-5' would be the last time point of Sept. 11, 2001, i.e. midnight (12 AM) on 9-12-01. Note that the end point is the same regardless of whether one uses open or closed time intervals. If time intervals are represented as open, the begin and end points will not in fact be contained within the interval itself.""" . :EndPointOf1648 a :TimePoint . :EndPointOf20070715Z-5 a :TimePoint . :EndPointOf20081004Z-5 a :TimePoint . :EndPointOfAnEvent :ldoce "end" ; :wnsense "end2n", "ending3n" ; :wordnet "end", "ending" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each EndPointOfAnEvent is the last TimePoint (a ''DateTmePoit'') of some Event. Each EndPointOfAnEvent ?EndPoint will be identical to the TimePoint that satisfies the relation: {?WholeEvent hasEndingTimePoint ?EndPoint} Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'end' and noun sense 3 of 'ending' in WordNet: 2. (31) end, ending - (the point in time at which something ends; 'the end of the year'; 'the ending of warranty period') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateTimePoint, :TimeOfAnEvent . :EndangeredSpecies :wnsense "endangered species1n" ; :wordnet "endangered species" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO, 'EndangeredSpecies' is a metatype whose instances are BiologicalSpecies whose survival as a species is at risk. SUMO: EndangeredSpecies is the subclass of Organism that includes plants and animals that are in danger of extinction from destruction of individuals or of habitat. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'endangered species' in Wordnet: 1. endangered species - (a species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalSpecies . :EndangeringSomething :eng "endangering", "menacing" ; :wnsense "endanger1v", "imperil1v", "jeopardise1n", "jeopardize1v", "menace1v", "peril1v", "threaten1v" ; :wordnet "endanger", "imperil", "jeopardise", "jeopardize", "menace", "peril", "threaten" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EndangeringSomething'' is the state of an Object that is thought of as a 'menace', i.e. may cause ''Damage'' to something else. The 'Thing' endangered is pointed to by the relation 'hasDirectObject'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'endanger' in WordNet: 1. (3) endanger, jeopardize, jeopardise, menace, threaten, imperil, peril - (pose a threat to; present a danger to; 'The pollution is endangering the crops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Menace ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dangerous ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Damage ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Endeavor :wnsense "endeavor1n", "endeavour1n", "enterprise1n" ; :wordnet "endeavor", "endeavour", "enterprise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Endeavor'' is the ''HumanActivity'' of some ''Group'' of one or more people to attempt (perform an ''AttemptingActivity'') to do something that is in some way 'new' - to advance knowledge, to develop new devices or substances (e.g. drugs) procedures for accomplishing goals, to produce a novel type of creative work. NOTE: this type of Action is done by both individuals and by Groups of people, but the production of novel creative works is usually done by an individual. For compactness, both are subsumed in this type (a 'GroupOfPeople'' can have as few as one Person in it). The individual 'endeavor' can be broken out as a subtype or separate type of ''AttemptingActivity'', when needed. Corresponds to part (for common effort) of noun sense 1 of 'endeavor' in WordNet: 1. (5) enterprise, endeavor, endeavour - (a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness); 'he had doubts about the whole enterprise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:NewDevelopment :NewArtifact :NewKnowledge :NovelThing ) ] ] . :EndingAnAgreement :guid "bd589fb3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PurposefulAction and #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$EndingAnAgreement is an event in which some instance of #$Agreement comes to an end. For example, #$EmploymentTermination is a specialization of #$EndingAnAgreement.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOccurrence . :EndingOfAnEvent :ldoce "end" ; :wnsense "end3n" ; :wordnet "end" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each EndingOfAnEvent is the last temporal part of some Event. Each such part (which is not necessarily unique, since the 'beginning of the end' may be chosen somewhat arbitrarily) will satisfy the relation {?END finishes ?WholeEvent}. NOTE that this is a subtype of 'StoppingEvent'; the difference is that an 'EndingOfAnEvent' is also a 'FiatProcessPart' and therefore its beginning can be chosen somewhat arbitrarily; in the case of a 'stopping event' in which an agent causes an ongoing Event to come to a halt, the beginning and end of that Action need not be arbitrary, but may have natural boundaries. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'end' in WordNet: 3. (23) end, last, final stage - (the concluding parts of an event or occurrence; 'the end was exciting'; 'I had to miss the last of the movie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StoppingEvent, :SubEvent . :EndingTime :ldoce "end" ; :wnsense "end2n" ; :wordnet "end" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EndingTime' the TimePoint that is the last TimePoint or TimeInterval of some Event or TimeInterval. One can say 'the application period ends on March 1st' - and if the specific time point is not given, the time period of that day is used. If a specific time point is intended, that can be specified. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'end' in WordNet, but includes time intervals as well as time points: in WordNet: 2. (31) end, ending - (the point in time at which something ends; 'the end of the year'; 'the ending of warranty period') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime . :EndingWorldWarII :causedCreationOf :Peace ; :hadRestoredObject :Peace ; :hadThingAffected :StateOfWar ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :Peace ; :improves :DangerousSituation ; :wasPerformedByAgent :Germany, :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :Reestablishing ; rdfs:comment """\"intermission\" hostility, enmity, antagonism """ . :Endless :wnsense "endless4n" ; :wordnet "endless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Endless'' is the attribute of a LongAndThin object that has no ends, i.e. if it ever had ends, they were connected together to form a loop. This can apply to abstract or physical objects, but is used mostly for conveyor belts that are moved between horizontal spindles to carry objects on the top side. Also for chains. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'endless' in WordNet: 4. endless - (having the ends united so as to form a continuous whole; 'an endless chain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LoopShaped . :EndocrineGland :guid "bdb92245-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "endocrine gland1n", "endocrine1n" ; :wordnet "endocrine", "endocrine gland" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'endocrine gland' in WordNet: 1. endocrine gland, endocrine, ductless gland - (any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gland . :Endocrinologist :guid "bd58f5b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "endocrinologist1n" ; :wordnet "endocrinologist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'endocrinologist' in WordNet: 1. endocrinologist - (physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the endocrine system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, :Professional-Adult, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Endocrinology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EndocrineGland ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Endocrinology :wnsense "ductless gland1n", "endocrinology1n" ; :wordnet "ductless gland", "endocrinology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Endocrinology'' is the branch of ''Biology'' and ''Medicine'' dealing with ''EndocrineGland''s generally and the endocrine system and its actions and disorders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'endocrinology' in WordNet: 1. endocrinology - (the branch of medicine dealing with the endocrine glands and their secretions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, :Medicine . :EndorsingaCheck :wnsense "endorse4v", "indorse4v" ; :wordnet "endorse", "indorse" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EndorsingaCheck'' is a type of ''SigningSomething'' (which can be any kind of formal documentthat functions like a check in needing to be endorsed to be valid). Checks are usually 'endorsed' on the back. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'endorse' in WordNet: 4. endorse, indorse - (sign as evidence of legal transfer; 'endorse cheques') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SigningSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Initials ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Endoscope :guid "bd5d95b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "endoscope1n" ; :wordnet "endoscope" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Endoscope' is a flexible tube-shaped optical instrument that can be inserted into an orifice or incision in a Person's body and both illuminate the interior and carry the image of the interior to a display device to allow a Physician to see inside the body with only small and repairable damage to the tissue near the surface. CYC: An endoscope is a device used to view the insides of hollow organs or body cavities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'endoscope' in WordNet: 1. endoscope - (a long slender medical instrument for examining the interior of a bodily organ or performing minor surgery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, :MedicalDevice, :OpticalInstrument, :TubularObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightEmittingComponent ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Endowing :wnsense "endow2v" ; :wordnet "endow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Endowing'' is a ''GivingEvent'' in which a person gives some ''Donation'' (money or fungible securities) to a non-profit Organization (most commonly a School), to be maintained in an Endowment Fund that is used for the operations of the Organization or (if specifically earmarked) for some particular function of the Organization,such as scholarships to a College. Corresponds to part (*not* for doweries) of verb sense 2 of 'endow' in WordNet: 2. (1) endow, dower - (furnish with an endowment; 'When she got married, she got dowered') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Donating, :PresentingaGiftOrHonor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Donation ] . :Endowment :wnsense "endowment fund1n", "endowment2n" ; :wordnet "endowment", "endowment fund" ; a :MoneyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Endowment'' is a ''FundingMoney'' provided for the use of an Insitution.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'endowment' in WordNet: 2. endowment, endowment fund - (the capital that provides income for an institution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FundingMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :FundingAnInsitution ] . :EnduringThing-Localized :guid "a37965b8-6247-41d8-95c6-b6517874be8d" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$SpatialThing-Localized and #$SomethingExisting (qq.v.). Each instance of #$EnduringThing-Localized is a spatial enduring thing at which an event can occur or a situation can obtain. Positive examples include planets, the borders between countries, human beings, rocks, and atoms. Negative example include situations, events, abstract objects, and regions of space that exclusively act as possible locations for other spatial objects (see #$SpaceRegion). An important specialization of #$EnduringThing-Localized is #$Place (q.v.). The salient distinction between places (instances of #$Place) and locations (instances of #$EnduringThing-Localized) is that places are assumed to have relatively permanent locations, whereas locations need not have permanent locations. Thus, from the perspective of someone standing on a beach, the crest of a breaking wave can be a location at which foaming is occuring, but it cannot be such a place.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :SpatialThing-Localized . :Enemy :ldoce "enemy" ; :wnsense "enemy3n", "enemy4n", "foe2n" ; :wordnet "enemy", "foe" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Adversary in some serious ConflictEvent where the loser loses something significant that s/he had at the start. The ConflictEvent does not have to be a life-and-death struggle, but must include some bitterness and desire to inflict harm on the Enemy, otherwise it is an opponent or adversary (see 'Adversary'). This includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'enemy' in WordNet: 3. (5) enemy - (any hostile group of people; 'he viewed lawyers as the real enemy') 4. (1) foe, enemy - (a personal enemy; 'they had been political foes for years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adversary . :EnemyGroup :en "enemies", "group of enemies" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of ''Enemy''s of any size, whether individual people or collective agents. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Enemy ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Energetic :wnsense "energetic1adj" ; :wordnet "energetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Energetic'' is a broad Attribute of things including Events and animals (usually people) that display 'energy' in some sense. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'energetic' in Wordnet: 1. (4) energetic - (possessing or exerting or displaying energy; 'an energetic fund raiser for the college'; 'an energetic group of hikers'; 'it caused an energetic chemical reaction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :EnergizingaPerson :wnsense "arouse4v", "brace4v", "energise2v", "energize1v", "perk up2v", "stimulate4v" ; :wordnet "arouse", "brace", "energise", "energize", "perk up", "stimulate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EnergizingaPerson'' is a ''CausingaMentalEvent'' in which a Person or GroupOfPeople is stimulated to some form of Action,which can be paying attention or performing some physical Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'energize' in WordNet: 1. (1) stimulate, arouse, brace, energize, energise, perk up - (cause to be alert and energetic; 'Coffee and tea stimulate me'; 'This herbal infusion doesn't stimulate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaMentalEvent, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alertness ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :Energy :guid "bd58ad1b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "power" ; :wnsense "energy1n", "power2n" ; :wordnet "energy", "power" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc this was named 'EnergyStuff'. A category is needed for energy, but the Cyc category is too heterogeneous, and is reinterpreted as being pure physical energy. As with substances and objects, the COSMO usage differs from Cyc. In COSMO Energy is viewed as a kind of Substance, though not a physical substance (and not phlogiston!). Energy is not a quantity of energy. In COSMO Energy is viewed as a form of Substance, and a Quantity of energy would be made up of Energy; relativistically, a quantity of Energy is equivalent to some Mass (i.e. equivalent to a PhysicalObject). Thus Energy behaves somewhat like a PhysicalSubstance, but to avoid unnecessary complications, it is not classified as a PhysicalSubstance, but as a GenericSubstance. In COSMO these distinctions are made; Energy - an abstract notion of 'Energy substance' or 'Energy Stuff' which specifies qualitatively the kind of energy that is contained in any given quantity of energy: potential energy, thermal energy, nuclear energy. Analogous with substance and Object in COSMO, a quantity of energy may consist of a density of energy multiplied by the quantify of matter that contains that kind of energy, or a rate of energy multiplied by the time of delivery. (A quantity of matter consists of a density of some type of matter multiplied by the space in which that matter is distributed. The conceptual units of this kind of 'energy' is (energy measure - of a particular type) divided by the (mass of matter containing energy at that density). This a lump of coal might have 30 kilocalories of chemical energy per gram, and that would be the kind and density of energy in that lump of coal. This category is not a particular quantity of energy and is therefore not equivalent to a physical object. It is more like a substance than an object. QuantityOfEnergy: In our universe an alternative form of matter. Each QuantityOfEnergy has some equivalent in mass, This is distinct from an energy measure - the analogy would be that a QuantityOfEnergy is an Object, and is measured by an EnergyMeasure, just as a PhysicalObject is measured by a MassMeasure. NOTE: Energy' and its subtypes are classified as instances of 'EnergyType' which is a subtype of 'SubstanceType'. Thus different forms of 'Energy' are instances of 'SubstanceType'.. Classical Forms of Energy: (these may not be logically disjoint) (Potential Energy includes some of these subtypes.) NOTE: some of these types may be converted into others by a ''ConvertingEnergyForms'' Event, which may be performed by a ''Transducer'' Device. Mechanical Electric ''Electricity'' Magnetic Gravitational Chemical Ionization Nuclear ''NuclearEnergy'' Chromodynamic Elastic Mechanical wave Sound wave ''SoundEnergy'' Radiant ''LightEnergy'' Rest Thermal ''ThermalEnergy'' EnergyMeasure Cyc Comment (EnergyStuff): The most generic collection of all instances of all types of energy, either in radiating wave form or in solid matter form, that may be used to provide a source of energy. NOTE: the physical sense of 'power' in Wordnet is exclusively for the technical units of energy/time, and does not apply to this type. There is no Wordnet sense that seems to include 'electric power', which is interpeted in COSMO as 'energy in the form of electricity' and is equivalent to 'electric energy'. NOTE; LDOCE seems to use 'power' instead of 'energy'. These two concepts are conflated in this type. Perhaps they can be distingished logically? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'energy' in WordNet: 1. (86) energy - ((physics) the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs; 'energy can take a wide variety of forms') WN The rate of power delivery is represented in Wordnet by 'power' sense 2: 2. (201) power - ((physics) the rate of doing work; measured in watts (= joules/second)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericSubstance, :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalQuantum ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :Energy-Renewable :en "renewable energy" ; :enn "renewable energy" ; :guid "bfa01e9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This is an #$EnergyType and a spec of #$EnergyStuff. It is the collection of instances of #$EnergyStuff which are derived from sources which are not depletable in the sense that they will likely be around about as long as we will be and our use of these sources does not deplete them. Examples include solar-, wind-, and geothermal-derived energy. Non-instances most notably include energy derived from fossil fuels. Energy derived from by-products of industrial or agricultural production should also count as #$Energy-Renewable, because the use of these sources, unlike the burning of coal, does not deplete a fixed finite store. NOTE: the difference between this and ''RenewableEnergy'', if any, has not yet been determined. perhaps merge? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RenewableEnergy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Replaceable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EnergyConversionProcess :guid "bd58f827-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of #$EnergyConversionProcess, energy is converted from one form to another.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalTransformationEvent . :EnergyMeasure a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Measures of the amount of energy contained in some physical object. The energy may be differentiated as to form, e.g. the chemical energy available when some fuel is combusrted will not be the same as the total evergy released by converting all the mass to energy, and is not the same as the heat energy that would be released if the object were cooled to zero degrees Kelvin. this measure needs to be used and interpreted in a specific context. As energy measures, one joule equals ten million ergs or one watt-second. The related power measure is in units of energy per time, and one watt is equal to one joule per second.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :EnergySource a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EnergySource is an Object or Substance or type of energy (e.g. sunlight) that contains some usable quantity of Energy. See 'Energy' for more detail about how Energy is represented in COSMO.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :UsefulSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Energy ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :EnergyStorageDevice :en "energy storage device" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EnergyStorageDevice'' is a Device that neither generates nor consumes power, but stores it in some form for subsequent use. Common exampes are batteries and flywheels, but other types of energy storage are possible, such as pumping liquid to high reservoir and tapping the stored energy by allowing the liquid to fall (a common dam is not an example, because the water behind it is not pumped from a lower level). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Energy ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKept ] . :EnergyTransferEvent :guid "bd58eef3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Translocation. Each instance of #$EnergyTransferEvent is an event in which energy is transferred from at least one instance of #$PartiallyTangible to at least one other instance of #$PartiallyTangible. Important specializations of #$EnergyTransferEvent include #$Freezing and #$Condensing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :EnergyType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """EnergyType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for types of Energy and an argument restriction for the isaSourceOf relation. In COSMO Energy is viewed as a form of Substance, and a Quantity of energy would be made up of Energy; relativistically, a quantity of Energy is equivalent to some Mass (i.e. equivalent to a PhysicalObject). Thus Energy behaves somewhat like a PhysicalSubstance, but to avoid unnecessary complications, it is not classified as a PhysicalSubstance, but as a GenericSubstance. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :EnergyUnit :wnsense "energy unit1n", "heat unit1n", "work unit1n" ; :wordnet "energy unit", "heat unit", "work unit" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EnergyUnit'' is a unit used to measure quantities of 'energy'. NOTE that 'energy' comes in different forms - heat and work. This type has instances that include measurements of both types of energy. NOTE: the units of 'heat' and 'work' can be represented separately as subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'energy unit' in WordNet: 1. work unit, heat unit, energy unit - (a unit of measurement for work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :EnforcingRules :en "enforcing" ; :guid "bd58c508-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "enforce1v", "enforcement1n" ; :wordnet "enforce", "enforcement" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: ('EnforcingSomething'): Enforcing or monitoring a proposition to be true. If it is violated, the performer should perform some action. This task is performed by #$FlightAttendant, LifeGuard, and #$SecurityGuard. This unit may have a slot to specify what proposition is enforced. But we are not creating it at this stage. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enforce' and noun sense 1 of 'enforcement' in WordNet: 1. (17) enforce, implement, apply - (ensure observance of laws and rules; 'Apply the rules to everyone';) WN noun 'enforcement': 1. (3) enforcement - (the act of enforcing; insuring observance of or obedience to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingCareOfSomething . :EngagedToBeMarried :guid "50066c40-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :EngagingInAnActivity ; :wnsense "affianced1adj", "bespoken2adj", "betrothed1adj", "engaged8adj", "pledged2adj" ; :wordnet "affianced", "bespoken", "betrothed", "engaged", "pledged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EngagedToBeMarried'' is an attribute of people who have made a mutual agreement to marry each other (to wed), whether it is formally announced or kept private. isTheOppositeOf rdf:resource= #Unoccupied (unattached? not in a relationship? free to marr? CYC 'Engaged': The attribute of being engaged to be married. Corresponds to adjective sense 8 of 'engaged' in WordNet: 8. affianced, bespoken, betrothed, engaged, pledged - (pledged to be married; 'the engaged couple') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Engagement :wnsense "betrothal1n", "engagement3n" ; :wordnet "betrothal", "engagement" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Agreement'' to get married. Making this agreement is ''GettingEngaged'' and the two who have this Agreement are in the state of 'BeingEngaged''. NOTE: the agreement represented by ''Engagement'' and the state of ''BeingEngaged'' are an Object and State, respectively, closely related but that relation is not yet (Rev1303) formalized. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'engagement' in WordNet: 3. (2) betrothal, troth, engagement - (a mutual promise to marry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingEngaged ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Engaging :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :DelightingSomeone, :PleasingEvent ; :wnsense "engaging1adj", "piquant3adj" ; :wordnet "engaging", "piquant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'engaging' in Wordnet: 1. engaging, piquant - (attracting or delighting; 'an engaging frankness'; 'a piquant face with large appealing eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pleasant . :EngagingInAnActivity :en "being busy", "being busy with", "engage in", "occupy oneself with" ; :wnsense "engage1v", "prosecute3v", "pursue1v" ; :wordnet "engage", "prosecute", "pursue" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EngagingInAnActivity'' is both ''PerformingSomeAction'' and ''Participation'', representing a type of Action more specific than just 'some action' but one in which the action is more than brief often continuing over years, and the agent doing the ''Participation'' has that activity as one of her/his principle concerns during the time of participation in the activity. This is vague, as is the use of 'engage in'. The RHW sense seems to be transitive, but there is no intransitive sense, so this can be considered as including 'engage oneself or someone else' RHW 'engage' sense 1: to occupy the attention or efforts of (a person or persons): He engaged her in conversation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'engage' in WordNet: 1. (31) prosecute, engage, pursue - (carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in; 'She pursued many activities'; 'They engaged in a discussion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Participation, :PerformingSomeAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Busy ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :EngagingaWorker :wnsense "engage3v", "engage4v", "engage8v", "engage9v", "enlist2v" ; :wordnet "engage", "enlist" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'EngagingaWorker' is an instance of 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' in which the 'something' is a service that does not require the hirer to 'rent' equipment, though the Worker may use any kind of equipment in performing the service (e.g. mowing the lawn, digging a ditch) but uses the device him/herself; *and* in which the person hired does not become a regular employee,even part-time,but only a contractor. In the following WN synset, 'take a guide' is an example as is 'retaining a lawyer' The ''Contractor'' hired includes companies that do contract work and also individuals who work ('gigs') under contract (''ContractWorker''s). Includes verb senses 4 and parts of senses 3, 8, and 9 of 'engage' in WordNet: 3. (2) hire, engage, employ - (engage or hire for work; 'They hired two new secretaries in the department'; 'How many people has she employed?') 4. (1) engage - (ask to represent; of legal counsel; 'I'm retaining a lawyer') 8. engage, enlist - (hire for work or assistance; 'engage aid, help, services, or support') 9. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HiringSomeoneToDoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHired ; owl:someValuesFrom :Contractor ] . :Engendering :wnsense "breed1v", "engender1v", "spawn1v" ; :wordnet "breed", "engender", "spawn" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Engendering'' is a type of ''CausingSomething'' in which the thing caused is not just a short-term event but a more prolonged state (''PersistentState'') or process (''ProcessiveEvent'') Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'engender' in WordNet: 1. (6) engender, breed, spawn - (call forth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :ProcessiveEvent ) ] ] . :Engine :guid "bd58cec4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "engine", "motor" ; :wnsense "engine1n", "motor1n" ; :wordnet "engine", "motor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: an 'Engine' in a vehicle is sometimes called a 'motor', so both terms are mapped to this specilization of 'Motor'. The Cyc 'Engine' has a meaning closer to COSMO 'Motor',the parent of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'engine' in WordNet: 1. (14) engine - (motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motor . :EngineOfAction :wnsense "engine2n" ; :wordnet "engine" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EngineOfAction' represents the metaphorical use of 'engine' as something that causes or can be used by some IntelligentAgent to achieve some Goal. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'engine' in WordNet: 2. (2) engine - (something used to achieve a purpose; 'an engine of change') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cause, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Goal :GoalType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :typicallyProduces ] . :Engineer :guid "bd59015a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "engineer" ; :wnsense "applied scientist1n", "engineer1n", "technologist1n" ; :wordnet "applied scientist", "engineer", "technologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Engineer is a professional who works in some branch of engineering (see the constant #$EngineeringField). Notable specializations of #$Engineer include #$ElectricalEngineer, #$ChemicalEngineer, #$CivilEngineer, and #$MechanicalEngineer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'engineer' in WordNet: 1. (13) engineer, applied scientist, technologist - (a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Graduate, :HumanRole, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Engineering ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DesignForaDevice ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :Engineering :en "tech" ; :enn "tech" ; :wnsense "applied science1n", "engineering1n", "engineering2n", "technology1n", "technology2n" ; :wordnet "applied science", "engineering", "technology" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Engineering'' is any of a number of ''FieldOfStudy''s that apply ''Science'' as a 'method' and 'scientific knowledge' to the solution of practical problems, especally to developing Devices or Structures that do useful things. The design of Structures is studied in ''Architecture'' and ''Architecture'' in COSMO is classified as subtype of ''Engineering'' Sometimes solving a practical problem requires generating new knowledge, and in that case the two concepts are both present as motivation for the activity 'AppliedResearch'; See 'AppliedResearch'. Engineering has many subtypes depending on the branch of Science that is predominantly used in solving its problems. NOte: this is not an ''Occupation'': Occupation is an Action and this is a subtype of the disjoint ''Object''. In SUMO 'EngineeringDomain' is a subclass of 'ScienceDomain',but in in COSMO 'Engineering' is not a subclass of 'Science' which is considered as 'pure science' (perhaps this should be rearranged?) In Cyc apparently called 'EngineeringField', but that class is not in OpenCyc. NOTE: the term 'tech' is used as a shorthand for 'technology' especially in 'high tech' or 'low tech'. RHW 'tech': 3. technology: She has a good grasp of computer tech. [by shortening] (it is also sometimes used to refer to a technician) Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'engineering' in WordNet: 1. (6) technology, engineering - (the practical application of science to commerce or industry) 2. (2) engineering, engineering science, applied science, technology - (the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems; 'he had trouble deciding which branch of engineering to study') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science . :EngineeringComponent :wnsense "component3n" ; :wordnet "component" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: an EngineeringComponent is an artifact that is a part of a larger artifact, and is separately manufactured prior to assembly into the whole. A motor is an EngineeringComponent of a motor vehicle. For parts of ArtifactObjects that have arbitrary or vague boundaries (not manufactured separately) use the parent 'PartOfanArtifact'. SUMO: A fundamental concept that applies in many engineering domains. An EngineeringComponent is an element of a Device that is a physically whole object, such as one might see listed as standard parts in a catalog. The main difference between EngineeringComponents and arbitrary globs of matter is that EngineeringComponents are object-like in a modeling sense. Thus, an EngineeringComponent is not an arbtrary subregion, but a part of a system with a stable identity. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'component' in WordNet: 3. (6) component, constituent, element - (an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system; 'spare components for cars'; 'a component or constituent element of a system') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Component, :Device, :PartOfanArtifact, :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtifactObjectType ] . :EngineeringaDesign :wnsense "engineer1v" ; :wordnet "engineer" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EngineeringaDesign'' is a ''DesigningEvent'' performed by an ''Engineer'' to produce design for a useful artifact. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'engineer' in WordNet: 1. engineer - (design as an engineer; 'He engineered the water supply project') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesigningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Engineer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :England :isaProperPartOf :GreatBritain ; :wnsense "England1n" ; :wordnet "England" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'England' in Wordnet: 1. (41) England - (a division of the United Kingdom) """ . :English :ldoce "English" ; :pertainsTo :England, :EnglishLanguage, :EnglishPeople ; :wnsense "English1adj", "English2adj" ; :wordnet "English" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to England, the English people, or the English language. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'English' in WordNet: 1. (36) English - (of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people; 'English history'; 'the English landed aristocracy'; 'English literature') 2. English - (of or relating to the English language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :National . :EnglishChannel :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EnglishChannel, :EuropeRegion ; :servesAsaPathFor :Watercraft ; a :OceanChannel . :EnglishLanguage :ldoce "English" ; :wasCreatedBy :EnglishSpeakers ; :wnsense "English language1n", "English1n" ; :wordnet "English", "English language" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """The English language, spoken as the main native language of the British isles, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and several other countries, and as a common second language in many countries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'English' in WordNet: 1. (18) English, English language - (an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries) """ . :EnglishMoustache :en "English moustache" ; a :FacialHairType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EnglishMoustache' is a ''Moustache'' of a kind that is common among Englishmen. Shape?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moustache, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnglishPerson ; owl:onProperty :isMostlyWornBy ] . :EnglishPeople a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The English people, collectively." ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :EnglishPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :EnglishPerson :guid "bd58bb1e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "englishman1n" ; :wordnet "englishman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BritishPerson living in or born in England (as contrasted with a Scotsman or Welshman). Ignoring sex distinctions here. Corresponds top noun sense 1 of 'Englishman' in WordNet: 1. (6) Englishman - (a man who is a native or inhabitant of England) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BritishPerson . :EnglishSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :EnglishVocabulary :hasComponentElement :WORD_Good, :WORD_No, :WORD_night ; :isaComponentElementOf :EnglishLanguage ; a :Vocabulary . :Engraving :wnsense "engraving1n" ; :wordnet "engraving" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Engraving'' is something ike a ''LineDrawing'', but is a Picture (a SheetLike PhysicalObject) produced by printing on a sheet of paper an image that is created by transferring ink from the surface of an engraving block, which has the desired image represented by the gaps between lines engraved or cut or etched into the block.. @ToDo: need to differentiate this from other Prints, by representing the 'engraving' block. An ''Engraving'' is, like a ''LineDrawing'' also composed of lines, but the lines on a printed ''Engraving'' are the reverse image of the lines drawn on the engraving block, so that is not quite a subtype of ''LineDrawing'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'engraving' in WordNet: 1. engraving - (a print made from an engraving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Print . :EngravingBlock :wnsense "engraving1n" ; :wordnet "engraving" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EngravingBlock'' is a ''Engraving'' is something ike a ''LineDrawing'', but is a Picture (a SheetLike PhysicalObject) produced by printing on a sheet of paper an image that is created by transferring ink from the surface of an engraving block, which has the desired image represented by the gaps between lines engraved or cut or etched into the block.. @ToDo: need to differentiate this from other Prints, by representing the 'engraving' block. An ''Engraving'' is, like a ''LineDrawing'' also composed of lines, but the lines on a printed ''Engraving'' are the reverse image of the lines drawn on the engraving block, so that is not quite a subtype of ''LineDrawing'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'engraving' in WordNet: 1. engraving - (a print made from an engraving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Print . :Engrossed :en "focused" ; :hasAdverbialForm :Intently ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Interested ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Concentrating, :Engrossing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inattentive ; :wnsense "absorbed1adj", "captive2adj", "engrossed1adj", "enwrapped3adj", "intent1adj", "wrapped2adj" ; :wordnet "absorbed", "captive", "engrossed", "enwrapped", "intent", "wrapped" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Engrossed'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is deeply focused on and ''Interested'' in and attentive to something - usually external but possibly internal thoughts. For being absorbed in an activity, use subtype ''AbsorbedIn''. For the attribute of a ''MetalState'' of deep absorption use subtype ''Preoccupied'' The words used for being absorbed in internal thought and in working are similar, but this type is the one to use for internal thought, and the subtype ''AbsorbedIn'' for focused action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'engrossed' in Wordnet: 1. (7) captive, absorbed, engrossed, enwrapped, intent, wrapped - (giving or marked by complete attention to; 'that engrossed look or rapt delight'; 'then wrapped in dreams'; 'so intent on this fantastic...narrative that she hardly stirred'- Walter de la Mare; 'rapt with wonder'; 'wrapped in thought') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attentive, :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Interested . :Engrossing :en "engross oneself in", "immerse oneself in", "plunge into", "steep oneself in" ; :env "plunge into" ; :wnsense "absorb7v", "engross1v", "engulf1v", "immerse2v", "plunge8v", "soak up2v", "steep1v" ; :wordnet "absorb", "engross", "engulf", "immerse", "plunge", "soak up", "steep" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Engrossing'' is a ''Concentrating'' on some topic that is more than brief, occupying at least an hour and possibly years, and more intense than usual for a short-term focusing on a topic or task.. This may be but is not necessarily caused by a Topic ''EngrossingaPerson'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'engross' in WordNet: 1. (1) steep, immerse, engulf, plunge, engross, absorb, soak up - (engross (oneself) fully; 'He immersed himself into his studies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concentrating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prolonged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EngrossingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :EngrossingaPerson :wnsense "absorb9v", "engage2v", "engross2v", "occupy8v" ; :wordnet "absorb", "engage", "engross", "occupy" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''EngrossingaPerson'' is an Event that causes a Person to perform an ''Engrossing'' Action, concentrating on (immersing oneself in, steeping oneself in, becoming absorbed by) the Topic that does the ''EngrossingaPerson'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'engross' in WordNet: 2. absorb, engross, engage, occupy - (engage or engross wholly; \"Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InterestingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Engrossing ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Topic ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Engrossed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Engword a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Word of the English language. The NamespacePrefix 'ENG_' can be used to reify English words. Thus an instance of this Type named 'ENG_holy' is the English word 'holy'. Capitalization can be specified as an attribute of the string..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :Enhanced :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :EnhancingSomething ; :wnsense "enhanced1v" ; :wordnet "enhanced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of things that have been improved or had some quality increased by a ''EnhancingSomething'' Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enhanced' in Wordnet: 1. enhanced - (increased or intensified in value or beauty or quality; 'her enhanced beauty was the result of a good night's sleep rather than makeup'; 'careful cleaning was responsible for the enhanced value of the painting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Enhancement :wnsense "enhancement1n", "sweetening2n" ; :wordnet "enhancement", "sweetening" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Enhancement'' is an ''EnhancingSomething'' that is also an ''ImprovementEvent'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enhancement' in WordNet: 1. enhancement, sweetening - (an improvement that makes something more agreeable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnhancingSomething, :ImprovementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasantness ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :EnhancingAppearance :guid "bd588d37-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "enhance2v" ; :wordnet "enhance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which a Person (or persons) makes some change(s) in his/her/their own appearance, or in the appearance of some object (as in cleaning the house) for the purpose of making the thing changed appear more pleasant to themselves or to other people. This Action and its subtype ''PersonalGrooming'' serve to create the ''PublicFace'' (an AttributeType) that a Person wants to present to the public. Enhanceing taste? TasteType @ToDo: Relate to: beauty AttractivenessValue (need 'AttractivenessType'>) Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'enhance' in WordNet: 2. (4) enhance - (make better or more attractive; 'This sauce will enhance the flavor of the meat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnhancingSomething, :HumanActivity, :ImprovementEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttractivenessValue ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :EnhancingSomething :wnsense "enhance1v", "heighten1v", "raise13v" ; :wordnet "enhance", "heighten", "raise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EnhancingSomething'' is an ''Intensifying'' of some Attribute or AttributeValue (both ''Event'' and ''EventType'' are included as objects so that increases in intensity of Feelings can be represented) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enhance' in WordNet: 1. (5) enhance, heighten, raise - (increase; 'This will enhance your enjoyment'; 'heighten the tension') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent, :Intensifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Attribute :AttributeType :AttributeValueType :Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Enigmatic :isTheOppositeOf :Clear ; :wnsense "enigmatic1adj", "enigmatical1adj", "puzzling1adj" ; :wordnet "enigmatic", "enigmatical", "puzzling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions which are even moredifficult to understand than those that are ''DifficultToUnderstand''. NOTE: differences in usage unclear at this point.Needs many examples. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enigmatic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) enigmatic, enigmatical, puzzling - (not clear to the understanding; 'I didn't grasp the meaning of that enigmatic comment until much later'; 'prophetic texts so enigmatic that their meaning has been disputed for centuries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DifficultToUnderstand . :Enjoining :wnsense "enjoin1v" ; :wordnet "enjoin" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enjoining'' is an Ordering by a ''Court-Judicial'' prohibiting some person(s) from performing (or not performing) some Actions. The contenct of the prohibition is an ''Injunction''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enjoin' in WordNet: 1. (2) enjoin - (issue an injunction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forbidding, :JudicialDecision, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Court-Judicial ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Injunction ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Enjoyable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Enjoying, :Enjoyment, :Pleasure ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Enjoying ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Enjoying ; :isTheOppositeOf :Boring, :Dull ; :wnsense "enjoyable1adj", "gratifying4adj", "pleasurable1adj" ; :wordnet "enjoyable", "gratifying", "pleasurable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enjoyable'' is the attribute of events or objeects that can (in some way, by experiencing or perceiving) cause ''Enjoying'' or the Feeling of ''Pleasure''. For the attribute of things that cause Satisfaction'' that is not accompanied by ''Enjoyment'' use ''Gratifying''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enjoyable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) enjoyable, gratifying, pleasurable - (affording satisfaction or pleasure; 'the company was enjoyable'; 'found her praise gratifying'; 'full of happiness and pleasurable excitement'; 'good printing makes a book more pleasurable to read') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Enjoying :eng "basking", "enjoying" ; :ldoce "enjoy" ; :wnsense "bask1v", "delectation2n", "enjoy1v", "enjoy3v", "enjoyment2n", "relish1v", "savor1v", "savour4v" ; :wordnet "bask", "delectation", "enjoy", "enjoyment", "relish", "savor", "savour" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Enjoying is a more intense form of of ''LikingEvent'', a StaticSituation in which some perceptions are causing a Feeling of Enjoyment. The 'StaticSituation' applies only to the generation of the Feeling of Enjoyment, and will usually coincide with other Events that cause the Feeling. The 'intensive' relation between ''LikingEvent'' and Enjoying is expressed by the relation on the related entry 'Enjoyment': [isanIntensiveFormOf rdf:resource='#Pleasure']. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 3 of 'enjoy' and to noun sense 2 of 'enjoyment' in WordNet. Note that senses 1 and 3 of 'enjoy' in WN have similar definitions, and are therefore considered identical for COSMO mapping. Sense 3 is a hyponym of 'like' in WN, and that subtype relation is preserved in COSMO, in Wordnet: WN 'enjoy': 1. (52) enjoy, bask, relish, savor, savour - (derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in; 'She relished her fame and basked in her glory') WN 'enjoyment': 2. (2) enjoyment, delectation - (act of receiving pleasure from something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LikingEvent, :StaticSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoyment ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Enjoyment :guid "bd589154-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isanIntensiveFormOf :Pleasure ; :ldoce "enjoyment" ; :wnsense "enjoyment1n" ; :wordnet "enjoyment" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Enjoyment is a pleasant Feeling, caused by some situation or Event. The cause is not necessarily directed a single specific thing, but can be due to general conditions or multiple causes. As a DirectedFeeling, at least one thing causing the Enjoyment should be specified. This differs from Happiness in being a DirectedFeeling, where Happiness can be a general state not caused by anything specific. Cyc: An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Enjoyment is some agent's feeling of pleasure or satisfaction in some experience or thing. Instances of #$Enjoyment vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or on the subject experiencing the feeling. Specializations of #$Enjoyment include #$Amusement-Feeling and #$Entertained-Emotion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enjoyment' in WordNet: 1. (6) enjoyment - (the pleasure felt when having a good time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :Pleasure . :EnlargedState :en "enlarged state" ; :wnsense "enlargement2n" ; :wordnet "enlargement" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EnlargedState is the state in which an Object exissts after it has experienced an 'Expanding'' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'enlargement' in WordNet: 2. enlargement - (the state of being enlarged) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expanding ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Enlightening :eng "disabusing", "enlightening" ; :wnsense "disabuse1v", "edify1v", "enlighten1v" ; :wordnet "disabuse", "edify", "enlighten" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enlightening'' is a form of ''Instructing'' that causes a Person to lose ('become disabused of') false beliefs. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enlighten' and sense 1 of 'disabuse' in WordNet: 1. enlighten, edify - (make understand; 'Can you enlighten me-I don't understand this proposal') WN verb 'disabuse': 1. (2) disabuse - (free somebody (from an erroneous belief)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enlightenment ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ErroneousBelief ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ] . :Enlightenment :wnsense "enlightenment1n" ; :wordnet "enlightenment" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enlightenment'' is a form of ''Education'' that causes a Person to become aware of new facts, especially those that correct misapprehensions and false beliefs. NOTE: this term is often associated with the 'Enlightenment' of the seventeenth century when many people became aware of the errors in traditional beliefs, but this type is broader, including ay form of Education that corrects erroneous belief. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enlightenment' in WordNet: 1. (1) enlightenment - (education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Education, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enlightening ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proposition ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :EnlistedPerson :guid "bd58a708-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "enlisted person1n" ; :wordnet "enlisted person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MilitaryPerson. Each instance of #$EnlistedPerson is a person in some branch of the military who holds a rank below that of a commissioned officer (see the collection #$CommissionedOfficer). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enlisted person' in WordNet: 1. enlisted person - (a serviceman who ranks below a commissioned officer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryPerson . :EnlistingInTheMilitary :en "enlisting" ; :wnsense "enlist1v" ; :wordnet "enlist" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EnlistingInTheMilitary'' is a voluntary ''EnteringTheMilitary'' that is not caused by a 'being drafted' action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enlist' in WordNet: 1. (7) enlist - (join the military) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :EnteringTheMilitary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voluntary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recruit ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :Enlivening :eng "enlivening", "invigorating" ; :wnsense "animate3v", "enliven2v", "invigorate3v", "liven up1v", "liven1v" ; :wordnet "animate", "enliven", "invigorate", "liven", "liven up" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enlivening'' is a ''EnergizingaPerson'' in which a Person or GroupOfPeople are stimulated to perform physical activities that encourage mental interest and may be entertaining and enjoyable; to make a Person or group 'lively'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'enliven' in WordNet: 2. (1) enliven, liven, liven up, invigorate, animate - (make lively; 'let's liven up this room a bit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnergizingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liveliness ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lively ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Enmity :wnsense "antagonism1n", "enmity1n", "hostility2n" ; :wordnet "antagonism", "enmity", "hostility" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enmity'' is a intenser form of ''Hostility'', more persistent than ''Hostility'', which can be short-lived. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enmity' in WordNet: 1. hostility, enmity, antagonism - (a state of deep-seated ill-will) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hostility . :Enormously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Huge ; :wnsense "enormously1adv", "hugely1adv", "staggeringly1adv", "tremendously1adv" ; :wordnet "enormously", "hugely", "staggeringly", "tremendously" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enormously'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the state or action is much larger than the typical or average value for that Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'enormously' in WordNet: 1. (3) enormously, tremendously, hugely, staggeringly - (extremely; 'he was enormously popular') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extremely . :Enough :isTheOppositeOf :Insufficient ; :ldoce "enough" ; :wnsense "adequate2adj", "enough1adj", "sufficient1adj" ; :wordnet "adequate", "enough", "sufficient" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An adequate amount (of materials or effort or money, etc.) to accomplish a goal. For things that are qualitatively adequate to achieve a purpose, use 'Suitable'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enough' and sense 1 of 'sufficient' in WordNet: 1. (54) adequate, decent, enough - (enough to meet a purpose; 'an adequate income'; 'the food was adequate'; 'a decent wage'; 'enough food'; 'food enough') WN adj 'sufficient': 1. (31) sufficient - (of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant; 'sufficient food') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SufficiencyValue . :Enriching :en "enriching" ; :wnsense "enrich1v", "enrichment1n" ; :wordnet "enrich", "enrichment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enriching'' is Action in which a Person (or persons) increases the quality of something by adding in some Objects or Substances or Events that make the thing enriched perform its function better. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enrich' and includes WN noun sense 1 of 'enricment' in WordNet: 1. (7) enrich - (make better or improve in quality; 'The experience enriched her understanding'; 'enriched foods') WN noun 'enrichment': 1. (1) enrichment - (act of making fuller or more meaningful or rewarding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :EnhancingSomething, :HumanActivity, :ImprovementEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FitnessForaPurpose ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :Enrolled :guid "df44f7fa-759a-41d7-9320-a960405a3a9d" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Enrolling ; :wnsense "enrolled1adj", "listed2adj" ; :wordnet "enrolled", "listed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC an attribute is something that *has* that attribute, in COSMO it is the attribute itself. This type thus differs from the CYC gloss meaning: CYC The collection of perople who are enrolled in some educational institution. Membership in this collection is relative to the microtheory in which the assertion is made. In temporal microtheories one should use #$TimeIntervalInclusiveFn to state a from and to date. This would mean that the individual was enrolled from the stated date till the stated date. Once a person leaves the school they are #$PreviouslyEnrolled until such a time as they die or return to that school. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enrolled' in Wordnet: 1. (1) enrolled, listed - (officially entered in a roll or list; 'an enrolled student') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Enrolling :wnsense "enrol1v", "enroll1v", "enrollment1n", "enrolment1n", "enter3v", "inscribe2v", "recruit1v", "register1v" ; :wordnet "enrol", "enroll", "enrollment", "enrolment", "enter", "inscribe", "recruit", "register" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Enrolling'' is a ''Registering'' Action performed by a Person to add his or her name (or someone else's name) to a list to be used for some purposes of some Organization. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enroll' in WordNet: 1. (6) enroll, inscribe, enter, enrol, recruit - (register formally as a participant or member; 'The party recruited many new members') WN noun 'enrolling: 1. (7) registration, enrollment, enrolment - (the act of enrolling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Registering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Register ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :EnrollingAsaStudent :en "enrolling as a student", "matriculating" ; :wnsense "matriculate1v", "matriculation1n" ; :wordnet "matriculate", "matriculation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''EnrollingAsaStudent'' is an ''Enrolling'' Action performed by a Person who intends to study at some educational insttuion as a formal ''Student''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'matriculate' in WordNet: 1. (2) matriculate - (enroll as a student) WN noun 'matriculation': 1. matriculation, matric - (admission to a group (especially a college or university)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :Enrolling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Student ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :EnrollingInSchool :guid "bd58d598-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of enrolling of a student in an educational institution. COSMO note: This Action includes actions on both sides - that of the student and that of the school representative doing the enrolling. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enrolling, :HumanActivity . :Ensemble :wnsense "ensemble5n" ; :wordnet "ensemble" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ClothingType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Ensemble'' is a ''ClothingOutfit'' that is coordinated to present a chosen appearance, and includes some form of ''ClothingAccessory''. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'ensemble' in WordNet: 5. ensemble - (a coordinated outfit (set of clothing)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingOutfit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingAccessory ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelectingAmong ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Ensuing :isAnAttributeValueOf :EnsuingEvent ; :wnsense "ensuing1adj" ; :wordnet "ensuing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ensuing' in Wordnet: 1. ensuing - (following immediately and as a result of what went before; 'ensuing events confirmed the prediction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :EnsuingEvent :en "result from" ; :env "result from" ; :wnsense "come after1v", "ensue1v", "follow6v" ; :wordnet "come after", "ensue", "follow" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''EnsuingEvent'' is an ''Event'' that is caused by some other Event. The Thing that 'ensues' is an ''Effect'' of some other Event, pointed to by the restriction 'isCausedBy'. NOTE: this could (should?) have the subclasses ''Event'' and the restriction as necessary and sufficient (an 'equivalent class'). NOTE: the synset 'result, ensue' appears to be mixing an Event that causes another (results in) to an Event that is caused by (results from) another. This type represents the latter meaning. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'ensue' in WordNet: 1. (7) result, ensue - (issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end; 'result in tragedy') WN verb 'follow': 6. (17) follow, come after - (come after in time, as a result; 'A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effect, :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ensuing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ensuring :wnsense "assure1v", "ensure1v", "ensure2v", "guarantee2v", "insure1v", "insure2v", "see to it1v", "see10v" ; :wordnet "assure", "ensure", "guarantee", "insure", "see", "see to it" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ensuring'' is a ''PreparingForSituation'' that includes some ''Precaution'' to reduce the chances as much as possible that some mistakes will made or unwanted results will happen. This is a broad sense to cover all types of trying to 'ensure' or 'guarantee' that only the intended results willl occur. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ensure' in WordNet: 1. (6) guarantee, ensure, insure, assure, secure - (make certain of; 'This nest egg will ensure a nice retirement for us'; 'Preparation will guarantee success!') 2. (2) see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain, assure - (be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; 'He verified that the valves were closed'; 'See that the curtains are closed'; 'control the quality of the product') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Precaution, :PreparingForSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom :Protecting ] . :EnteringAContainer :guid "bd590283-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "enter" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :ExitingAContainer ; :wnsense "enter1v", "go into1v" ; :wordnet "enter", "go into" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which an object enters a container. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enter' and verb sense 1 of 'go into' in WordNet: 1. (89) enter, come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into - (to come or go into; 'the boat entered an area of shallow marshes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :EnteringSomething, :PassingThroughPortal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Container ] . :EnteringAVehicle :guid "be66ff46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "board", "enter" ; :wnsense "board1v", "enter1v", "go into1v" ; :wordnet "board", "enter", "go into" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$EnteringAVehicle is the collection of all events in which someone or something enters or boards a #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Includes verb sense 1 of 'board' and verb sense 1 of 'enter' and verb sense 1 of 'go into' in WordNet, but this includes getting into any vehicle, not just planes, trains, or boats. in WordNet: 1. (5) board, get on - (get on board of (trains, buses, ships, aircraft, etc.)) WN verb 'enter': 1. (89) enter, come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into - (to come or go into; 'the boat entered an area of shallow marshes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringAContainer, :LocomotionProcess-Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :RoadVehicle ] . :EnteringOrExitingSomething :en "entering or exiting" ; :enn "entering or exiting" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EnteringOrExitingSomething' is the generic Event in which some Object passes from outside a Region or Object to the inside, or from the inside of an Object or region to the outside. Has subtypes ''LeavingaPlace'' ''ExitingAContainer'' and ''EnteringSomething'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent, :MovingBetweenThings, :PassingThroughOrBySomething, :Translation-LocationChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassingThroughPortal ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :EnteringSomething :ldoce "enter", "entrance" ; :wnsense "enter1v", "entrance2n", "go into1v" ; :wordnet "enter", "entrance", "go into" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EnteringSomething' is a subtype of ''EnteringOrExitingSomething'' in which some Object passes from outside a Region or Object to the inside. In this case, only the ending place is salient. If the passage involves passing through a portal, then use the subtype 'PassingThroughPortal'. Each 'EnteringSomething' is an Event in which some Object goes from outside the Something to Inside the Something. The Something can be an Object or a Region, or any GenericLocation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enter' and verb sense 1 of 'go into' and noun sense 2 of 'entrance' in WordNet: 1. (89) enter, come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into - (to come or go into; 'the boat entered an area of shallow marshes') WN noun 'entrance': 2. (5) entrance, entering - (a movement into or inward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringOrExitingSomething, :Translation-Complete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExitingSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :EnteringTheMilitary :en "entering the military", "joining the military" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EnteringTheMilitary'' is the Action in which some *subject Person begins ''MilitaryService'', which begins service in some ''BranchOfMilitaryService''. @ToDo: Add subtypes This can be either an 'enlisting' action or 'being drafted' action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmployeeHiring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryService ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryPerson ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :EnteringaCave :en "enter a cave", "entering a cave" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringaRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Cave ] . :EnteringaCountry :en "enter a country", "entering a country" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrossingACountryBorder, :EnteringaRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ] . :EnteringaRegion :en "entering into something" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EnteringaRegion' includes entering a region of space, or a region defined by the boundary of a PhysicalObject.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringSomething . :EnteringaRoom :ldoce "entrance" ; :wnsense "entrance3n" ; :wordnet "entrance" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EnteringaRoom' is the Action in which an Agent goes from outside to inside of a Room in some Structure. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'entrance' in WordNet: 3. (3) entrance, entering, entry, ingress, incoming - (the act of entering; 'she made a grand entrance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringaStructure . :EnteringaStructure :ldoce "enter" ; :wnsense "enter1v", "go into1v" ; :wordnet "enter", "go into" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EnteringaStructure' is the Action in which an Agent goes from outside to inside of a Structure. The entering can be an entering into a part of a Structure, such as a Room, which is also classified as a subtype of Structure in COSMO. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enter' and verb sense 1 of 'go into' in WordNet: 1. (89) enter, come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into - (to come or go into; 'the boat entered an area of shallow marshes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringAContainer, :LocomotionProcess-Animal . :Entertained-Emotion :guid "bd589f19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The emotion experienced when one is entertained or occupied in a light, playful, or pleasant manner. Not necessarily implies play or sport. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enjoyment . :Entertainer :en "EntertainmentProfession" ; :guid "c10ae4b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "entertainer1n" ; :wordnet "entertainer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Entertainers include both those who perform in front of an audience and those who create content or arrange for the performance - filmmakers and producers as well. For those who actually perform in front of an audience, see 'Artist-Performer' Cyc: #$Entertainer is a specialization of #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional. Each instance of #$Entertainer is a person whose job it is to entertain people, i.e., to perform for an audience (live or via a recording) in an attempt to distract them from their worries and make them laugh, cry, smile, get excited, etc. SUMO ('EntertainmentProfession') Positions which involve creating content or performances that are intended to entertain. This class covers the TheaterProfession, FilmMakingProfession, being a comedian, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entertainer' in Wordnet: 1. (1) entertainer - (a person who tries to please or amuse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional, :SocialBeing . :Entertaining :wnsense "entertaining1adj" ; :wordnet "entertaining" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Entertaining'' is an attribute of actions or people; the attribute of someone whose actions intend to and usually do 'entertain' people; or the attribute of a Action that is intended to and usually does entertain people.. This includes entertainment by musical, dancing, comedic, dramatic, or tragic performances. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'entertaining' in Wordnet: 1. (2) entertaining - (agreeably diverting or amusing; 'an entertaining puppet show'; 'films should be entertaining') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :EvaluativeAttribute . :EntertainmentDevice a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any device whose main purpose is to facilitate the entertainment of some Person or animal (such as cats or dogs). Toys are included, but so are things like Swings, objects used in Sports, playground objects, board games, and electronic entertainment devices. The subtype 'RecreationalObject' would not include objects used in sports, just other types of recreation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingEntertained ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :EntertainmentEvent :en "amusing", "entertaining" ; :guid "bd58e10a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "entertain", "entertainment" ; :wnsense "amusement2n", "entertain1v", "entertainment1n" ; :wordnet "amusement", "entertain", "entertainment" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: as a subtype of 'BeingEntertained', this type must have at least one person who is BeingEntertained by the Event. A failed attempt at entertaining someone is not an instance of this type, but would be an instance of AttemptingActivity. A person can be entertained without someone else doing a 'Performance', by playing games, or reading. See 'EntertainmentPerformance' for shows. One parent entertaining a child is included. Cyc: A specialization of #$CulturalEvent and #$ServiceEvent. Each instance of this collection is an activity performed by one or more agents primarily to amuse, entertain or otherwise divert others. Every instance of #$EntertainmentEvent necessarily has among its subevents both an instance of (#$PerformingFn #$EntertainmentEvent) and an instance of (#$AttendingFn #$EntertainmentEvent). It is thus distinguished from #$RecreationalActivity: a #$RecreationalActivity need not involve any entertainers, whereas an instance of #$EntertainmentEvent will always involve both an entertainer, and an entertainee. Note: This collection is more general than #$EntertainmentPerformance. For instance, #$JokeTelling is a specialization of #$EntertainmentEvent, since it involves both an entertainer and an entertainee, Such an event, however, can occur under informal circumstances, and need not be a formal performance. Thus #$JokeTelling is not a spec of #$EntertainmentPerformance. NB: one need not be an #$Entertainer to play the role of entertainer in an #$EntertainmentEvent. Includes noun sense 1 of 'entertainment' and sense 2 of 'amusement' and verb sense 1 of 'entertain' (transitive and intransitive senses) in WordNet: 1. (6) entertainment, amusement - (an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention) WN verb 'entertain': 1. (24) entertain - (provide entertainment for) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingEntertained, :CulturalEvent . :EntertainmentFacility a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EntertainmentFacility'' is a ''PlaceOfBusiness'' open to the public. Places for enteratinment inside private or restricted facilities, such as school auditoriums, are not included. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlaceOfBusiness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EntertainmentEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional :guid "bd58ea20-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$PersonTypeByOccupation (q.v.) instances of which are persons who use some sort of creative or artistic abilities in carrying out the main function of their jobs. #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional includes both professional performing artists and producers of tangible artworks, either creative or commercial. Note that this collection does _not_ include people working on the business side of those professions, such as producers or art dealers, whose jobs are more similar (see #$jobAttributes) to those of other business professionals (e.g. managers, marketers, sales representatives) than to the artists'; cf. #$EntertainmentOrArtsAdministrator.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProfessionalPerson . :EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization :guid "bd58a3ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization is an organization whose #$MainFunction is to provide personal entertainment to customers. This collection includes organizations that perform or provide other forms of entertainment, as well as organizations which provide spaces in which entertainment is scheduled or provided. Specific types of #$EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization include: #$TelevisionStation, #$TelevisionNetwork, #$NightClub, #$TheaterCompany, #$Cinema-Organization, #$AmusementPark, #$Band-MusicGroup.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :EntertainmentPerformance :guid "bd58c027-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "show" ; :wnsense "performance1n", "show3n" ; :wordnet "performance", "show" ; a :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ An instance of a *paid* dramatic performance: Referred to as a 'show' or 'performance' - the linguistic usage of those two terms can differ slightly in reference to this sense: when 'performance' is used, the ConceptualWork is also often mentioned 'a great performance of 'Les Miserables''. But 'I saw two shows on Broadway that week' (show is often used without explicitly mentioning the ConceptualWork involved. Both refer to Events of this type. The term 'show' may be used to refer to the conceptual work, but this is an actual Event. NOTE: this is intended to represent the *public* performance of some 'show'. For more restricted performances performed before the public performance use ''Previewing''. The restriction specifies that every show has a ''ShowProducer'' - an individual or team of people. A specialization of #$EntertainmentEvent. Each instance of this collection is a public or private performance with artistic or entertainment value (#$performedBy instances of #$Artist-Performer) arranged in order for some audience to witness and enjoy it. Examples include #$PlayPerformances, street performances, #$BalletDancePerformances, #$MovieShowings. Note: Movies are included even though the performers aren't performing at the same point in space-time as the performance is occurring. But still photographs are not included, since one would not generally call the viewing of a photograph an instance of #$EntertainmentEvent. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'show' and part of sense 1 of 'performance' in WordNet: 3. show - (a social event involving a public performance or entertainment; 'they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway') WN noun 'performance': 1. (232) performance, public presentation - (a dramatic or musical entertainment; 'they listened to ten different performances'; 'the play ran for 100 performances'; 'the frequent performances of the symphony testify to its popularity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentEvent, :PaidTask, :Performance, :ServiceEvent, :SocialGathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ShowProducer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Theatrical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :EntertainmentSpot :en "entertainment spot" ; :wnsense "spot7n" ; :wordnet "spot" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EntertainmentSpot'' is any ''EntertainmentFacility'' used for entertainment activities that include actions by the customers (not just watching). Night clubs, ballrooms, cabarets, discos. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'spot' in WordNet: 7. (1) spot - (a business establishment for entertainment; 'night spot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentFacility . :Enthroned :en "enthroned" ; :ened "enthroned" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Enthroning ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enthroned'' is the attribute of a ''Person'' who was (usually) formally invested with the position of ''Monarch'' in some Country. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Enthroning :wnsense "adorn3v", "clothe2v", "enthrone2v", "invest3v", "throne2v" ; :wordnet "adorn", "clothe", "enthrone", "invest", "throne" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enthroning'' is usually performed at a ceremony. In a hereditary monarchy, the actual title may pass automatically on death of the current holder, but the formal 'installation' occurs at a ceremony. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'enthrone' in WordNet: 2. enthrone, throne - (put a monarch on the throne; 'The Queen was enthroned more than 50 years ago') WN verb 'invest': 3. invest, clothe, adorn - (furnish with power or authority; of kings or emperors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inauguration . :Enthusiasm :guid "bd5893a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "enthusiasm1n", "enthusiasm2n", "enthusiasm3n" ; :wordnet "enthusiasm" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Support and excitement towards a thing that is considered worthwhile. Appears to include all three of the Wordnet senses of 'enthusiasm', diffucult to distinguish: in WordNet: 1. (5) enthusiasm - (a feeling of excitement) 2. (5) exuberance, enthusiasm, ebullience - (overflowing with eager enjoyment or approval) 3. (3) enthusiasm - (a lively interest; 'enthusiasm for his program is growing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anticipation-Feeling, :DirectedFeeling, :EmotionalState, :Excitement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enthusiastic ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Enthusiast ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enthusiast ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Enthusiast :wnsense "enthusiast1n", "enthusiast2n", "partisan2n", "partizan1n" ; :wordnet "enthusiast", "partisan", "partizan" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'enthusiast' in Wordnet: 1. (1) enthusiast, partisan, partizan - (an ardent and enthusiastic supporter of some person or activity) 2. fancier, enthusiast - (a person having a strong liking for something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enthusiastic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enthusiasm ; owl:onProperty :experienced ] . :Enthusiastic :en "enthused" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Enthusiasm ; :wnsense "enthusiastic1adj" ; :wordnet "enthusiastic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing 'Enthusiasm'. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'enthusiastic' in WordNet: 1. (9) enthusiastic - (having or showing great excitement and interest; 'enthusiastic crowds filled the streets'; 'an enthusiastic response'; 'was enthusiastic about taking ballet lessons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Enthusiastically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Enthusiastic ; :wnsense "enthusiastically1adv" ; :wordnet "enthusiastically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enthusiastically' in Wordnet: 1. (2) enthusiastically - (with enthusiasm; in an enthusiastic manner; 'they discussed the question enthusiastically') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Enticement :wnsense "enticement1n", "temptation1n" ; :wordnet "enticement", "temptation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Enticement'' is something (PhysicalObject or Event) that can cause a Desire to have or do something - i.e. it is a ''Tempting'' thing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'enticement' in WordNet: 1. temptation, enticement - (something that seduces or has the quality to seduce) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enticing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desire ; owl:onProperty :perceivingCausesMentalEvent ] . :Enticing :wnsense "alluring1adj", "beguiling1adj", "enticing1adj", "tempting1adj" ; :wordnet "alluring", "beguiling", "enticing", "tempting" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enticing' in Wordnet: 1. alluring, beguiling, enticing, tempting - (highly attractive and able to arouse hope or desire; 'an alluring prospect'; 'her alluring smile'; 'the voice was low and beguiling'; 'difficult to say no to an enticing advertisement'; 'a tempting invitation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :EnticingAction :eng "enticing", "luring", "tempting" ; :wnsense "entice1v", "lure1v", "tempt2v" ; :wordnet "entice", "lure", "tempt" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''EnticingAction'' is distinguished from the parent 'Tempting' in that this is a PurposefulAction by a Person communicating to another Person. WN verb 'entice': 1. (1) entice, lure, tempt - (provoke someone to do something through (often false or exaggerated) promises or persuasion; \"He lured me into temptation\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemptingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Entitlement :wnsense "entitlement1n" ; :wordnet "entitlement" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Entitlement'' is a Permission granted by some Authority, usually a government, to perform some acts or to request and receive something from an Agent (e.g. a government agency) controlled by the granting authority. In the USA this usually refers to government benefits such as family assistance ('welfare') and is sometimes conflated with rights (such as Social Security, or unemployment compensation) that are partly 'earned' by contributions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entitlement' in WordNet: 1. entitlement - (right granted by law or contract (especially a right to benefits); 'entitlements make up the major part of the federal budget') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Permission . :Entitling :wnsense "entitle2v", "entitle3v" ; :wordnet "entitle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Entitling'' is a ''Proclaiming'' that is a 'Naming' in which the 'name' assigned is a 'PositionTitle'. For giving a formal title by an Authority, use subtype ''ProclaimingaTitle''. needed. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'entitle' in WordNet: 2. (6) entitle, title - (give a title to) 3. ennoble, gentle, entitle - (give a title to someone; make someone a member of the nobility) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Naming, :Proclaiming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :PositionTitle ] . :EntityEnumeration a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A EntityEnumeration is an Enumeration contained in a database model or schema, in which the individual elements of the enumeration are entities represented elsewhere in the database.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :List . :Entourage :guid "b43ca8fa-61cd-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; :wnsense "cortege2n", "entourage1n", "retinue1n", "suite3n" ; :wordnet "cortege", "entourage", "retinue", "suite" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of groups who act as associates or attendants to some person, usually a political dignitary, a celebrity or very wealthy person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entourage' in WordNet: 1. cortege, retinue, suite, entourage - (the group following and attending to some important person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accompanier, :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople . :Entrance :ldoce "entrance" ; :wnsense "entrance1n" ; :wordnet "entrance" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Entrance' is a Portal that is designed or regulated to only allow something to enter (go into) the object that has the ''Entrance''. For the common Portals that allow movement both in and out, use the parent ''Portal'' or its more specific subtypes. This is used mostly for an 'entrance' into a structure (closed or open-air,, like a ''ParkingLot'') that has *designated* 'entrance' and 'exit' ''Portal''s. This corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'entrance and sense 1 of 'entryway' in WordNet: 1. (10) entrance, entranceway, entryway, entry, entree - (something that provides access (to get in or get out); 'they waited at the entrance to the garden'; 'beggars waited just outside the entryway to the cathedral') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Portal . :EntranceHall :wnsense "antechamber1n", "anteroom1n", "entrance hall1n", "foyer1n", "lobby1n", "vestibule1n" ; :wordnet "antechamber", "anteroom", "entrance hall", "foyer", "lobby", "vestibule" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Adjacent to the 'front door'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entrance hall' in WordNet: 1. (6) anteroom, antechamber, entrance hall, hall, foyer, lobby, vestibule - (a large entrance or reception room or area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room . :Entree :guid "bd589501-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "entree1n", "main course1n" ; :wordnet "entree", "main course" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Food dishes which might be served for the main part of a ''MultiCourseMeal''. This is a 'component part' of a ''MultiCourseMeal'' but that does not preclude the possibility that it is the only course. That restriction is just a convenience to avoid too many unnecessary distinctions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entree' in WordNet: 1. entree, main course - (the principal dish of a meal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourseOfAMeal . :Entrenched :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingInaTrench ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DiggingaMilitaryTrench ; :wnsense "entrenched2adj" ; :wordnet "entrenched" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Entrenched'' is an attribute of long-accepted and firmly established customs or practices or institutions. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'entrenched' in Wordnet: 2. entrenched - (established firmly and securely; 'the entrenched power of the nobility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Entrenched-Military :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingInaTrench ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DiggingaMilitaryTrench ; :wnsense "entrenched1adj" ; :wordnet "entrenched" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Entrenched-Military'' is an attribute of soldiers who are positioned in trenches that were dug for protection from enemy fire. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'entrenched' in Wordnet: 1. entrenched - (dug in) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :EntrenchingaSocialArrangement :wnsense "entrench1v", "intrench1v" ; :wordnet "entrench", "intrench" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EntrenchingaSocialArrangement'' is the Action of a GroupOfPeople who, by adopting some social practices or norms or Organizations, and accepting them as valid and socially beneficial over some period of time, create what is considered (by the group that accepts it, not necessarily by others) as a ''SocialInstitution''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'entrench' in WordNet: 1. (1) entrench, intrench - (fix firmly or securely) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EstablishingSomething, :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Entrepreneur :wnsense "entrepreneur1n" ; :wordnet "entrepreneur" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Person'' who takes the initiative in starting a ''BusinessVenture''. Unllike in WN some 'entrepreneurs' may not take any real risks, if all finances are from ''Funder''s. Depends on the terms of the funding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entrepreneur' in WordNet: 1. (6) entrepreneur, enterpriser - (someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson, :SelfStarter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Entrepreneurship ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Entrepreneurial :pertainsTo :Entrepreneur ; :wnsense "entrepreneurial1adj", "entrepreneurial2adj" ; :wordnet "entrepreneurial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Of or pertaining to an ''Entrepreneur'', especially the actions and character and abilities of an ''Entrepreneur'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'entrepreneurial' in Wordnet: 1. entrepreneurial - (of or relating to an entrepreneur; 'entrepreneurial risks') 2. entrepreneurial - (willing to take risks in order to make a profit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Entrepreneurship :en "entrepreneurship" ; :enn "entrepreneurship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Entrepreneurship'' is a 'BusinessEvent' in which some ''Entrepreneur'' establishes a ''BusinessOperation''. This Action almost inevitably involves taking some risks, usually risking money as well as time to try to make money or for some other purpose. This may or may not result in performing a ''Startup''. Perhaps should be a direct relation?? WN has no term for this; RHW has it only as a derived term. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessEvent, :EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Entrepreneur ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingRisks ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :starts ; owl:someValuesFrom :BusinessOperation ] . :Entrusting :wnsense "commit4v", "confide2v", "entrust1v", "entrust2v", "intrust1v", "leave9v", "trust5v" ; :wordnet "commit", "confide", "entrust", "intrust", "leave", "trust" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Entrusting'' is a 'TransferringPossession'' in which one Agent transfers something (Physical or Abstract) to another Agent, bases on the trust the transfering agent has in the receiving agent to perform the purpose of the transfer conscientiously. This type is broad: the thing entrusted can be information (e.g. a secret) or something conctrete like money, or management of something, or a valuable object, or a child's care. The Two WN senses do not seem completely disjoint, and there should be subtypes distinguishing concrete objects from money equivalents and secrets and responsibilities; putting some object into temporary custody of another should be unambiguous. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'entrust' in WordNet: 1. (3) entrust, intrust, trust, confide, commit - (confer a trust upon; 'The messenger was entrusted with the general's secret'; 'I commit my soul to God') 2. entrust, leave - (put into the care or protection of someone; 'He left the decision to his deputy'; 'leave your child the nurse's care') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransferringPossession . :Envelope :guid "bd58eaa3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; :isDesignedToContain :TextualMaterial ; :ldoce "envelope" ; :wnsense "envelope1n" ; :wordnet "envelope" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A sealable Container for one or more pieces of paper which is designed to protect the papers while they are transferred to someone. COSMO note: an envelope will be primarily composed of a sheet-like substance, which is not necessarily paper. Woven synthetic materials are now also used, and the product is still an 'envelope'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'envelope' in WordNet: 1. (9) envelope - (a flat rectangular paper container for papers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :DurableGood, :EnvelopingCovering, :FoldableObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :StationeryProduct, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetlikeSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Document-Physical ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :EnvelopingCovering :en "enveloping covering", "outer envelope" ; :guid "bd58d4d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of coverings which envelope closely the object being covered""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :Environment-Generic :guid "c0b5be8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "environment2n", "environs1n", "milieu1n", "surroundings1n", "surroundings2n" ; :wordnet "environment", "environs", "milieu", "surroundings" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Environment-Generic'' is a ''Place'' that is the location of some ''EnvironmentalCondition'', which represents the conditions (slaient or relevant objects and other perceptible things) in that ''Place. Together these assocated concepts represent a location and the salient things in that location that can affect an agent's ability to perform Actions, such as living and reproducing. Each ''Environment-Generic'' (a ''Place'') should have an associated ''EnvironmentalCondition'' that describes what that 'environment' is like - especially what distinguishes it from other environments. CYC: ('Environment-Generic') The collection of environments - i.e., #$Places that constitute one's surroundings. One environment is distinguished from others via its #$EnvironmentalAttributes and its exact location. COSMO NOTE: in WordNet a 'habitat' is a subtype of 'environment'. But a habitat is the normal *type* of living place of a *species* and an environment is the current *specific* location of an *individual*, so the two are not directly related in that manner. An Environment is a Place and a Habitat is a more abstract high-level Type. For the 'environment' as the ecologically significant surroundings, including air, water, climate, and vegetative objects, use Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'environment' in WordNet: 2. (1) environment, environs, surroundings, surround - (the area in which something exists or lives; 'the country-the flat agricultural surround') WN noun 'surroundings': 1. (5) milieu, surroundings - (the environmental condition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnvironmentalCondition ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :EnvironmentType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EnvironmentType'' is a metatype that can be used to refer to objects or situations relevant to an ''EnvironmentalCondition'', partcularly the natural environment. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Environmental :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EcologicalPlace :Environment-Generic :HabitatSituation :EnvironmentalCondition :Region :GeographicalArea :Habitat ) ] ; :wnsense "environmental1adj" ; :wordnet "environmental" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Environmental'' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that is distinctive to or characteristic of a ''Environment-Generic''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'environmental' in WordNet: 1. (2) environmental - (concerned with the ecological effects of altering the environment; 'environmental pollution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EnvironmentalCondition :wnsense "environment1n", "environmental condition1n", "milieu1n", "surroundings1n" ; :wordnet "environment", "environmental condition", "milieu", "surroundings" ; a :ConditionType, :EnvironmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EnvironmentalCondition'' is a ''SystemCondition'' that includes all significant things present or happening in the ''Environment-Generic'' - the immediate surroundings of the object in focus. Anything perceptible or that affects perceptible things in a particular place can be part of a specific ''EnvironmentalCondition'' for that Place. The ''EnvironmentalCondition''s affect the Actions that an agent can perform in that ''Environment-Generic''. Each ''Environment-Generic'' (a ''Place'') should have an associated ''EnvironmentalCondition'' that describes what that 'environment' is like - especially what distinguishes it from other environments. This is represented as an''Event'' so the objects present that contribute to the ''EnvironmentalCondition'' can be represented as ''participants' in this Eventor alternatively as being 'locatedAt' the associated ''Environment-Generic'' if that is represented. NOTE that each ''EnvironmentalCondition'' (and its subtypes) represents the 'conditions' - objects in the area, the types of ground or water, the temperature, climate, plants and aninmals, elevation, and *should* be associated with some ''Place''that is represented by a ''Environment-Generic'' or some subtype such as a ''Habitat''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'environmental condition' in WordNet: 1. environmental condition - (the state of the environment) WN noun 'surroundings': 1. (5) milieu, surroundings - (the environmental condition) WN noun 'environment': 1. (24) environment - (the totality of surrounding conditions; 'he longed for the comfortable environment of his living room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSituation, :SystemCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Environmental ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Environment-Generic :EcologicalPlace :Habitat :EnvironmentType ) ] ] . :EnvironmentalDegradation a :EnvironmentType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EnvironmentalDegradation'' is an Event in which some aspect of the ''EnvironmentalCondition'' becomes worse. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContaminationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undesirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnvironmentalCondition ; owl:onProperty :worsens ] . :EnvironmentalPollution :wnsense "contaminate1v", "foul2v", "pollute1v" ; :wordnet "contaminate", "foul", "pollute" ; a :EnvironmentType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'pollute' (pertaining to environmental locations) in WordNet: 1. pollute, foul, contaminate - (make impure; 'The industrial wastes polluted the lake') """, """''EnvironmentalPollution'' is an Event that causes some atate of ''Pollution'' in some location which can be local or worldwide. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvironmentalDegradation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pollution ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Environmentalist :wnsense "conservationist1n", "environmentalist1n" ; :wordnet "conservationist", "environmentalist" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'environmentalist' in WordNet: 1. environmentalist, conservationist - (someone who works to protect the environment from destruction or pollution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Activist, :Reformer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnvironmentalCondition ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Environmentally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Environmental ; :wnsense "environmentally1adv" ; :wordnet "environmentally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Environmentally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action to specify that it affects the natural environment in some manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'environmentally' in WordNet: 1. environmentally - (for the environment; 'the new recycling policy is environmentally safe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Envisioning :wnsense "envision1v", "fancy1v", "figure3v", "image1v", "picture5v", "project9v", "see4v", "visualise3v", "visualize1v" ; :wordnet "envision", "fancy", "figure", "image", "picture", "project", "see", "visualise", "visualize" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Envisioning' is the forming of a mental image of something in the mind, where the 'image' has a strong visual aspect that allows a Person to 'see' its parts. The thing envisioned may be something previously seen, or merely something imagined in image form.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'envision' in WordNet: 1. (4) visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, see, figure, picture, image - (imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind; 'I can't see him on horseback!'; 'I can see what will happen'; 'I can see a risk in this strategy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imagining . :Envoy :wnsense "envoy extraordinary1n", "envoy1n", "minister plenipotentiary1n" ; :wordnet "envoy", "envoy extraordinary", "minister plenipotentiary" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Envoy'' has less authority than an ''Ambassador'' - unclear how to express that in logic. 'levels of authority'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'envoy' in WordNet: 1. envoy, envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary - (a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diplomat . :Envy :guid "bd58a61a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "envy1n" ; :wordnet "envy" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Emotion that is caused by observation of another person who has something that the jealous person wants but does not have. The thing possessed may be tangible objects, or intangible things such as fame. Unlike in Cyc, Envy in COSMO does not necessarily include Resentment - Resentment is included in Jealousy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'envy' in WordNet: 1. (2) envy, enviousness - (a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, :DirectedFeeling, :EmotionalState . :Enzymatic :pertainsTo :BiochemicalReaction, :Enzyme ; :wnsense "enzymatic1adj" ; :wordnet "enzymatic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Enzymatic'' is an attribute pertaining to Enzymes and enzymatic reactions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'enzymatic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) enzymatic - (of or relating to or produced by an enzyme) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EnzymaticReaction :en "enzymatic reaction" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EnzymaticReaction'' is a ''BiochemicalReaction'' accelerated by some ''Enzyme''. This does not mean that the reaction cannot proceed without the ''Enzyme''but in the typical case,the reaction would be very slow otherwise. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalReaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enzyme ; owl:onProperty :isAcceleratedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enzyme ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :Enzyme :guid "bdf06859-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "enzyme1n" ; :wordnet "enzyme" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of (individual) enzyme molecules. Enzymes are a unique class of #$Biopolymer which catalyze a broad spectrum of biochemical reactions. In COSMO, only a Protein can be an 'Enzyme', though other polymers such as RNA may exhibit enzyme-like catalytic activity. SUMO: A complex Protein that is produced by living cells and which catalyzes specific biochemical reactions. There are six main types of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'enzyme' in WordNet: 1. (7) enzyme - (any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biopolymer, :Catalyst, :HeteroPolymer, :Protein, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :BiochemicalReaction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BiochemicalReaction ; owl:onProperty :acceleratesOrShortens ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enzymatic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnzymeMolecule ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :EnzymeMolecule :en "enzyme molecule" ; :enn "enzyme molecule" ; :guid "612aa9be-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of molecules that are enzymatic in structure. In CYC labeled 'Enzymatic'. Here only to include the CYCelement. Not used. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Molecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enzyme ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :Ephedrine :guid "c1233366-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ephedrine1n" ; :wordnet "ephedrine" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ephedrine' in WordNet: 1. ephedrine - (white odorless powdered or crystalline alkaloid from plants of the genus Ephedra (especially Ephedra sinica) or made synthetically; used as a bronchodilator to treat bronchitis and asthma) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkaloid, :DrugProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asthma ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :Epidemic :wnsense "epidemic1n" ; :wordnet "epidemic" ; a :GroupType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Epidemic'' is a ''DiseaseGroup'' in which there is some ''Disease'' of a particular type in multiple Organisms', sufficiently widespread to be of concern to public health authorities as well as the public, for fear of sperading.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epidemic' in WordNet: 1. (5) epidemic - (a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease; many people are infected at the same time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :DiseaseGroup, :Outbreak, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ContagiousDisease ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :EpidemiologicalStudy a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EpidemiologicalStudy is a form of DataAnalysis in which patterns of occurrrence of illness is analyzed by statistical techniques to gather information about the patterns of occurrence of illness, for various reasons. Determining causes of disease is one common motive for epidemiological studies.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataAnalysis . :Epiglottis :guid "bd58f113-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "epiglottis1n" ; :wordnet "epiglottis" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all epiglottises, unique parts of mammalian #$RespiratoryTracts. Each instance of thiscollection is a thin plate of flexible cartilage, in front of the glottis, that folds back over and protects the glottis during swallowing, preventing matter being swallowed from entering the #$Larynx and #$Trachea (windpipe). 'covers the windpipe' - in COSMO = ''Trachea'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epiglottis' in WordNet: 1. epiglottis - (a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CartilaginousStructure, :PortalCovering, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trachea ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :Epilepsy :guid "c0fd58c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "epilepsy1n" ; :wordnet "epilepsy" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PhysiologicalConditionType and a specialization of #$NeurologicalDisease. Each instance of #$Epilepsy is a #$ChronicCondition characterized by recurrent seizures (see #$Seizure-AilmentCondition). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epilepsy' in WordNet: 1. epilepsy - (a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrainDisease, :ChronicCondition . :EpilepticSeizure :wnsense "epileptic seizure1n" ; :wordnet "epileptic seizure" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epileptic seizure' in WordNet: 1. epileptic seizure - (convulsions accompanied by impaired consciousness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeizureAilment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Episcopal :pertainsTo :EpiscopalChurch ; :wnsense "Episcopal1adj", "Episcopalian1adj" ; :wordnet "Episcopal", "Episcopalian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Episcopal' in Wordnet: 1. Episcopal, Episcopalian - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Episcopal church; 'the Episcopal hierarchy'; 'married by an Episcopalian minister') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EpiscopalChurch :wnsense "Episcopal Church1n", "Protestant Episcopal Church1n" ; :wordnet "Episcopal Church", "Protestant Episcopal Church" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Episcopal Church' in WordNet: 2. Episcopal Church, Protestant Episcopal Church - (United States church that is in communication with the see of Canterbury) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnglicanChurch . :Episcopalian :wnsense "Episcopalian1n" ; :wordnet "Episcopalian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Episcopalian' in WordNet: 1. Episcopalian - (a member of the Episcopal church) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Member, :Person, :ProtestantPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EpiscopalChurch ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Episode :wnsense "episode1n" ; :wordnet "episode" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Episode'' is an Event that is one of a series of related events that are significant or salient to some Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'episode' in WordNet: 1. (4) episode - (a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Occasion, :SalientEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReiterativeEventSeries ] . :Epoch :wnsense "epoch2n" ; :wordnet "epoch" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instant in time that is arbitrarily selected as a point of reference. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epoch' in Wordnet: 2. epoch, date of reference - ((astronomy) the precise date that is the point of reference for which information (as coordinates of a celestial body) is referred) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimePoint . :Equal :ldoce "equal" ; :wnsense "equal1v", "equal2adj", "equivalent1adj", "same13adj" ; :wordnet "equal", "equivalent", "same" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Equal' is an AttributeValue of a Group all of whose elements are 'equal' or equivalent in some sense. @ToDo: this important relation can be elaborated, for example, by specifying the manner in which members of the Group are 'equal', i.e. equal with respect to some attribute. How to do this is not yet (rev987) been decided. This should be used to express ideas such as 'all men are created equal' (equal before the law). This is the most general way to express equivalence; more specific equivalence relations are 'equals' (mathematical); 'isIdenticalTo' (identity of individuals) and 'isEquivalentTo' (for comparable quantities). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of'equal' and part of verb sense 1 of 'equal' in Wordnet: WN adjective 'equal': 2. (16) like, equal, equivalent, same - (equal in amount or value; 'like amounts'; 'equivalent amounts'; 'the same amount'; 'gave one six blows and the other a like number'; 'an equal number'; 'the same number') WN verb 'equal': 1. (16) equal, be - (be identical or equivalent to; 'One dollar equals 1,000 rubles these days!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equivalent . :Equality :ldoce "equality" ; :wnsense "equality1n", "equality2n" ; :wordnet "equality" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, :QualityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Equality is a ''Quality' of a Group of two or more entities, such that the AttributeValues are identical. This is not the same as 'Identity' which relates two different names for the same single identical individual. See 'Identity' (a RelationInstance). This is a state of an ''EqualityGroup'' and the attribute(s) with respect to which the members of the SimilarityGroup are 'similar' can be represented by a ''AttributeGroup'', and that ''AttributeGroup'' will reference the equal attributes using the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' (pointing to the AttributeGroup) See also 'Equal', an AttributeValue of a Group. For the state of 'equality' (Wordnet sense 2), any interval of time in which the 'equality' attribute holds for a Group is a state of 'equality'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equality' in WordNet, and has some of the character of nouns sense 2 of 'equality' (a state in WordNet): in Wordnet: 1. (2) equality - (the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status) 2. (1) equality, equivalence, equation, par - (a state of being essentially equal or equivalent; equally balanced; 'on a par with the best') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :EqualityGroup ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Equal ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :EqualityGroup :en "group of similar things" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EqualityGroup'' is a Group of things (any type) that have ''Equality''. The Attribute(s) with respect to which the members of the Group equal are required to be specified by the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' (i.e. 'are alike with respect to'). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :areAlikeWRT ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeGroup ] . :Equally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :EvenInAmount ; :wnsense "equally2adv", "evenly1adv" ; :wordnet "equally", "evenly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Equally'' is an AdverbialModifier being the adverbial form of 'EvenInAmount'', which characterizes Actions or situations that involve in some form of equal distribution of *two* contrasting types of things. For equal distribution of *multiple* types of things, or of substances, use ''Evenly''. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'equally' in Wordnet: 2. evenly, equally - (in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way; 'a class evenly divided between girls and boys'; 'they split their winnings equally'; 'deal equally with rich and poor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :EqualsSign :wnsense "equal sign1n" ; :wordnet "equal sign" ; a :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''EqualsSign'' is a ''MathematicalSign'' used in mathematical equations, including that the expression to the left of the sign has the same value as the expression to the right of the sign. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equal sign' in WordNet: 1. equal sign - (a sign indicating that the quantities on either side are equal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalSign . :Equating :eng "equating", "likening" ; :wnsense "compare3v", "equate1v", "liken1v" ; :wordnet "compare", "equate", "liken" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Equating'' is an Action of ''Comparing'' two (or more) Things, and concluding that they are essential 'equal' with respect to one or more attributes or qualities. This Action can be taken purely mentally or may be simultaneous with expressing those thoughts verbally in a communication to others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equate' in WordNet: 1. (8) compare, liken, equate - (consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous; 'We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans'; 'You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comparing, :Inferring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Equivalence ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Equation :wnsense "equation1n" ; :wordnet "equation" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Equation is a ComputationalObject which is also a RelationInstance in which two terms are related by an 'equals' relation. An Equation is symmetrical in that the two terms can be inverted while preserving the truth of the statement. An Equation is a Group of abstract objects consisting of the left side, the right side, and the equal sign. Each Equation is also an instance of a Relation. An Equation may be represented simple by its string representation (using the 'hasStringRepresentation' datatype relation; or it may be represented by specifying its components, starting by specifying the 'EquationSides' amnd then by the components of those sides, or by using the 'hasSubject' and 'hasObject' relations for 'RelationInstance's. @ToDo: to fully represent an Equation, the intended meanings of the various symbols in the equation need to be specified; this will require some 'symbolRepresentsEntity' or 'symbolRepresentsEntityType' relation. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'equation' in WordNet: 1. (32) equation - (a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, :ComputationalObject, :Group, :RelationInstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :equals ; owl:onProperty :hasRelation ] . :EquationSides a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'EquationSides' is an OrderedPair specifying what is contained on each side of the Equation. The elements of the 'EquationSides' are presented in conventional order, left side is the first element and right side is the second element, though they are equivalents and the equation would be valid in the reverse order. The order of the sides allows representing the equation as it is intended to be seen. NOTE that because an Equation is a subtype of 'RelationInstance', the two sides can be represented by the 'hasSubject' and 'hasObject' relations. As of rev987, we have not detailed equations sufficiently to decide if this redundancy is superfluous. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :MathematicalExpression ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :MathematicalExpression ] . :Equator :wnsense "equator1n" ; :wordnet "equator" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the Earth's equator. This can be generalized for equators of other Planets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equator' in WordNet: 1. (1) equator - (an imaginary line around the Earth forming the great circle that is equidistant from the north and south poles; 'the equator is the boundary between the northern and southern hemispheres') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GreatCircle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NorthernAndSouthernHemispheres ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :EquatorialGuinea a :Country . :EquiangularPolygon :guid "be209c21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType that is a specialization of #$Polygon. Each instance of #$EquiangularPolygon is a polygon-shaped object such that all of the angles between its adjacent edges (see #$angleBetweenEdges) have the same measure. See also #$EquilateralPolygon and #$RegularPolygon.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polygon . :Equilateral :wnsense "equilateral1adj" ; :wordnet "equilateral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'equilateral' in Wordnet: 1. equilateral - (having all sides or faces equal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :EquilateralPolygon :guid "c13f6e1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "equilateral1n" ; :wordnet "equilateral" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Polygon. This is the collection of all polygons whose edges are all of the same length. See also #$EquiangularPolygon and #$RegularPolygon. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (for closed figures with all sides being straight) of 'equilateral' in WordNet: 1. equilateral - (a figure whose sides are all equal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polygon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Equilateral ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Equilibrium :ldoce "balance" ; :wnsense "balance1n", "equilibrium1n" ; :wordnet "balance", "equilibrium" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Equilibrium' is an (at least temporarily) stable state in which the forces (physical or abstract) that could cause change (in the relevant attributes) counteract each other so that no change is (currently) occurring. This is a state of 'balance' that could represent, for example, a chemical equilibrium (no further change in composition), a physical equilibrium as on a 'Balance' (weighing device), a 'balance of forces' ('balance of powers') in a political or international situation. An 'Equilibrium' can be a metastable state, i.e. in a physical system it may not be the lowest energy state, but will be at least a local minimum so that change will require more than a certain energy to disturb. Such a state should not change unless there is a change in one of the forces represented, or a new force is introduced that is not part of the represented 'Equilibrium'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'balance' and includes senses 1 and 2 of 'equilibrium' in WordNet: WN noun 'balance': 1. (28) balance - (a state of equilibrium) WN noun 'equilibrium': 1. (22) chemical equilibrium, equilibrium - (a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates) 2. (4) equilibrium - (a stable situation in which forces cancel one another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StaticSituation . :EquineAnimal :guid "bd58837e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "equid1n", "equine1n" ; :wordnet "equid", "equine" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of animals including horses and species closely related to horses. Subsets of #$EquineAnimal include #$Horse, #$Donkey, #$Zebra, #$Mule, among others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equine' in WordNet: 1. equine, equid - (hoofed mammals having slender legs and a flat coat with a narrow mane along the back of the neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Herbivore, :NonHumanAnimal, :PlacentalMammal, :TerrestrialOrganism . :Equinox :en "equinox" ; :enn "equinox" ; :guid "3da2011e-8521-11d6-8000-0002b34b8539" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Equinox'' is an Event in which the rotation of the Earth and its orbit around the Sun (''Sol'') reach a point where the length of the day and night are the same. This happens twice a year, bringing in the Spring and bringing in the Autumn. 'In any given year there are two equinoxes.' 'In each year there are two equinoxes.' CYC: A specialization of #$QualitativeTimeOfYear. Each instance of #$Equinox is an event during which the sun is directly above the celestial equator. Each instance of #$Equinox occurs during an instance of #$EquinoxDay (q.v.). One equinox occurs annually about March 21 (see #$VernalEquinox), and another occurs annually about September 21 (see #$AutumnalEquinox). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AstronomicalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sol ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeasonOfYear ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EquinoxDay ; owl:onProperty :occurredInTimeInterval ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwicePerYear ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ] . :EquinoxDay :guid "60f363c3-57bc-11d6-902d-0002b34b8539" ; :wnsense "equinox1n" ; :wordnet "equinox" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CalendarDay and an instance of #$AnnualTemporalObjectType. Each instance of #$EquinoxDay is a calendar day during which the sun crosses the celestial equator and the length of day and night are approximately equal everywhere on the globe. One solstice occurs annually about March 21 (see #$VernalEquinoxDay) and another occurs annually about September 21 (see #$AutumnalEquinoxDay). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equinox' in WordNet: 1. equinox - (either of two times of the year when the sun crosses the plane of the earth's equator and day and night are of equal length) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DayOfTheYear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Equinox ; owl:onProperty :hasEventType ] . :Equipment :en "appurtenances" ; :wnsense "appurtenance1n", "equipment1n", "gear4n", "paraphernalia1n" ; :wordnet "appurtenance", "equipment", "gear", "paraphernalia" ; a :DeviceType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of devices that is designated for use in performing some activity. This is distinguished from 'Device' in that the specific group of devices (possibly one device) is accessible to the end user and has been gathered for a purpose; it cannot be just one device that has not been sold or is in stock not yet owned by someone intending to actually use it. COSMO: 'The electrician had all the equipment he needed in his truck'. The term 'gear' tend to be used for ''Equipment'' that is taken along for a task outside a facility, but the distinctionis not clear and these are left as synonymous for this version (rev1201). NOTE: 'Apparatus' is classified as a ''DeviceGroup'' and also as a Device. A ''DeviceGroup'' made up of ''Device''s that together can be viewed as performing some function can also be classified as a ''Device''. So an instance of ''Equipment'' cannot be scttered or diverse without a common purpose or at least a common owner or user. Includes noun sense 1 of 'equipment' and sense 4 of 'gear' in Wordnet: 1. (50) equipment - (an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service) WN noun 'gear': 4. gear, paraphernalia, appurtenance - (equipment consisting of miscellaneous articles needed for a particular operation or sport etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :DeviceGroup, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ] . :Equipped :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Equipping ; :wnsense "equipped1adj", "equipped2adj", "equipped3adj", "equipped4adj", "equipt1adj", "fitted out12adj", "fitted out1adj", "furnished1adj", "outfitted1adj" ; :wordnet "equipped", "equipt", "fitted out", "furnished", "outfitted" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Equipped'' is an AttributeValue of a Agent or Place that experienced an ''Equipping'' Action of some kind,and therefore has the equipment needed for some task. NOTE: furnished for furniture should be separate. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'equipped' in Wordnet: 1. (1) equipped, equipt - (provided or fitted out with what is necessary or useful or appropriate; 'a well equipped playground'; 'a ship equipped with every mechanical aid to navigation') 2. furnished, equipped - (provided with whatever is necessary for a purpose (as furniture or equipment or authority); 'a furnished apartment'; 'a completely furnished toolbox') 3. equipped, fitted out - (prepared with proper equipment; 'equipped for service in the Arctic') 4. equipped, weaponed - (carrying weapons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Prepared . :Equipping :wnsense "equip1v", "fit out1v", "fit8v", "outfit1v" ; :wordnet "equip", "fit", "fit out", "outfit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Equipping'' is a subtype of 'Providing' in which some IntelligentAgent obtains PhysicalObjects for his/her own use or provides PhysicalObjects to others, or puts PhysicalObjects into some location for use there. This is broad,and includes equipping people or locations. The Item(s) transferred are not necessarily 'equipment' in the sense of tools orApparatus, but thatis the usual expectation; for 'furnishing' a room (e.g. with decorations or furniture), use the subtype ''FurnishingaSpace''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equip' in WordNet: 1. (11) equip, fit, fit out, outfit - (provide with (something) usually for a specific purpose; 'The expedition was equipped with proper clothing, food, and other necessities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Providing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtifactObject ] . :Equitable :isTheOppositeOf :Unjust ; :wnsense "equitable1adj" ; :wordnet "equitable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute of decisions or other actions in which some beneift (or sometimes punishment) is distributed among a group of people, according to some broadly accepted criterion of justice. This corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'just' in WordNet: 2. equitable, just - (implying justice dictated by reason, conscience, and a natural sense of what is fair to all; 'equitable treatment of all citizens'; 'an equitable distribution of gifts among the children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Just . :Equity :FIBO "equity" ; :wnsense "equity1n" ; :wordnet "equity" ; a :AssetType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of various types of acounting 'FinancialAsset' owned by some corporation. FIBO subtypes are 'capital surplus'; 'owners equity'; retained earnings'; and 'stockholders' equity' COSMO note: SKOS defines this as 'ownership interest', which would be true of stockholders' equity, but this seems broader because of the subtypes 'capital surplus' and 'retained earnings'. Corresponds to FIBO 'equity' SKOS def: 'the value of an ownership interest in property, including shareholders equity in a business' 'stockholders' eqity' is a subtype' Includes sense 2 of 'equity' in WordNet: 2. equity - (the ownership interest of shareholders in a corporation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialAsset, :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Corporation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :Equivalence :wnsense "equivalence2n" ; :wordnet "equivalence" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Equivalence'' is a strong ''Alikeness'' in which a ''SimilarityGroup'' of two or more items are 'equivalent' in some characteristic(s). This is a degree of similarity such that one of the things equivalent would be as good as the other for some purpose or perfor like the other in some Situation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'equivalence' in WordNet: 2. equivalence - (essential equality and interchangeability) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alikeness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comparable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :EquivalenceGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EquivalenceGroup'' is a Group of non-identical Things of any type that are 'equivalent' to each other in sone respect. This might be a sum of money in one currency being equivalent to a sum in a different currency, or two workers being equivalent to each other in skill, or one substance being anequivalent to another in some property (not necessarily meaning it is a ''Substitute''). A group of synonms are equivalent to each other in meaning, at least to a practical degree in some context. Thus a WordNet 'SynSet' is an ''EquivalenceGroup''. To specify the manner in which such things are equivalent, instances of that Group can be related (but don't have to be) to the Context of equivalence by the relation ''withRespectTo''. Each element of such a group, when specified as a member of such a group, must then be assigned as an instance of ''EquivalentThing''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ; owl:onProperty :withRespectTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :EquivalentThing ] . :Equivalent :isTheOppositeOf :Different ; :wnsense "equal2adj", "equivalent1adj", "like2adj", "same3adj" ; :wordnet "equal", "equivalent", "like", "same" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Equivalent' is a high degree of ''Comparable'' characterizing Groups of things that are so closely similar in some repect that one could be substituted for the other for some purpose or behave similarly in some situation. NOTE: this is used as the parent attribute for both ''Same' (for qualitative attributs) and ''Equal'' (for quantitative attributes. This may be superfluous, but that may require examination of multiple uses of adjectives 'equivalent' and 'like'. Noun form 'Equivalence' is related to ''Equating''. Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'equivalent' in Wordnet: 1. (5) like, equal, equivalent, same - (equal in amount or value; 'like amounts'; 'equivalent amounts'; 'the same amount'; 'gave one six blows and the other a like number'; 'an equal number'; 'the same number') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comparable . :EquivalentThing :en "equivalent thing" ; :wnsense "equivalent1n" ; :wordnet "equivalent" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EquivalentThing'' is anything that is a component element of some ''EquivalenceGroup''. This can be any type of thing, but to be asserted as an instance of a ''EquivalenceGroup'' that ''EquivalenceGroup'' must be identified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'equivalent' in WordNet: 1. (35) equivalent - (a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc; 'send two dollars or the equivalent in stamps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EquivalenceGroup ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Era :en "historical era", "period of history" ; :wnsense "age2n", "epoch1n", "era1n", "historic period2n" ; :wordnet "age", "epoch", "era", "historic period" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A period of time of at least one decade, and oten many centruries, characterized by some specific events or types of event. Geological eras are one example, but 'era' can be used to refer to some period of time when a specific person had great influence, as in 'the Victorian age'. The ''GeologicalEra'' is a subtype. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'era' and senses 1 and 3 of 'epoch' and sense 2 of 'age' in WordNet: WN 'epoch' 1. (5) era, epoch - (a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event) WN 'age': 2. (172) historic period, age - (an era of history having some distinctive feature; 'we live in a litigious age') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventSeriesPhase, :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval . :Eradicating :wnsense "annihilate1v", "decimate2v", "eliminate3v", "eradicate1v", "extinguish4v", "wipe out1v" ; :wordnet "annihilate", "decimate", "eliminate", "eradicate", "extinguish", "wipe out" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eradicating'' is a ''Killing'' of many or most of some population of ''Organism''s human or non-human. NOTE: 'carry off' is left out of labels, not used often in this sense, poptentially confusing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eradicate' in WordNet: 1. (2) eliminate, annihilate, extinguish, eradicate, wipe out, decimate, carry off - (kill in large numbers; 'the plague wiped out an entire population') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Killing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:minCardinality "10" ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ] . :Eraser :wnsense "eraser1n" ; :wordnet "eraser" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An '''Eraser''' is a ''Device'' (an ArtifactObject) that is designed to be used in ''ErasingaVisibleMark''. This includes the small erasers on the end of a 'lead pencil' and the hand-size blackboard erasers as well as any whiteboard ereasers designed specifically to remove chalk marks on whiteboard. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eraser' in WordNet: 1. eraser - (an implement used to erase something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ErasingaVisibleMark ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ErasingaVisibleMark :en "erasing" ; :wnsense "efface3v", "erase2v", "rub out1v", "score out1v", "wipe off2v" ; :wordnet "efface", "erase", "rub out", "score out", "wipe off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ErasingaVisibleMark'' is a ''DeletingSomething'' where the 'something' is a mark on a surface, which is removed by any means, including erasing with an eraser or whiting out by applying liquid paper. The mark can be on any kind of surface, but is most commonly on paper or on a blackboard or whiteboard. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erase' in WordNet: 2. erase, rub out, score out, efface, wipe off - (remove by or as if by rubbing or erasing; 'Please erase the formula on the blackboard-it is wrong!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeletingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mark ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eraser ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :Erbium :guid "bf497dcd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "68"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Er1n", "erbium1n" ; :wordnet "Er", "erbium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of erbium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erbium' in WordNet: 1. erbium, Er, atomic number 68 - (a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RareEarthElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :ErectedTent :guid "bd58b401-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tent" ; :wnsense "tent1n" ; :wordnet "tent" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that in COSMO the parent type 'Tent' is a Tent even when it is folded up, in storage or transportation, and not deployed; therefore it is only a 'HumanShelterConstruction' when deployed. We therefore create this subtype 'ErectedTent' to be the shelter construction and have the prototypical characteristics of a tent in place. CYC 'TentTheShelter': A portable shelter made of canvas, cloth, etc. stretched over poles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tent' in WordNet: 1. (17) tent, collapsible shelter - (a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs); 'he pitched his tent near the creek') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanShelterConstruction, :TemporaryLodgings, :Tent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TentCeiling ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pole ; owl:onProperty :isPartlySupportedBy ] . :Erection :wnsense "erection1n", "hard-on1n" ; :wordnet "erection", "hard-on" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erection' in WordNet: 1. erection, hard-on - (an erect penis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualArousal ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Penis ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :Erg :wnsense "erg1n" ; :wordnet "erg" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erg' in WordNet: 1. erg - (a cgs unit of work or energy; the work done by a force of one dyne acting over a distance of one centimeter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Eritrea :wnsense "Eritrea1n" ; :wordnet "Eritrea" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Eritrea' in WordNet: 1. Eritrea, State of Eritrea -- (an African country north of Ethiopia on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Ethiopia in 1993) """ . :ErlenmeyerFlask :wnsense "Erlenmeyer flask1n" ; :wordnet "Erlenmeyer flask" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ErlenmeyerFlask'' is a (an object used as a Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Erlenmeyer flask' in WordNet: 1. (1) Erlenmeyer flask - (a conical flask with a wide base and narrow neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flask, :HandSizedObject, :StorageConstruct . :Erosion :guid "bf3797ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eat away2v", "eating away1n", "erode2v", "eroding1n", "erosion1n", "fret11v", "wearing away1n" ; :wordnet "eat away", "eating away", "erode", "eroding", "erosion", "fret", "wearing away" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Erosion'' is a ''GeologicalPhenomenon'' that involves moving of parts of the Earth's surface by being worn way by water flow or wind blowing, often combined with Earth motion in earthquakes. CYC: This is the collection of events in which some part of the earth's surface erodes due to the effects of wind or water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erosion' in WordNet: 1. (1) erosion, eroding, eating away, wearing, wearing away - ((geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)) WN verb 'erode': 2. (1) erode, eat away, fret - (remove soil or rock; 'Rain eroded the terraces') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeologicalPhenomenon, :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NaturalChannel ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Erotic :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :SexualArousal ; :wnsense "erotic1adj", "titillating2adj" ; :wordnet "erotic", "titillating" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Erotic'' is an attribute of Objects or Actions that, when perceived by a person, may stimulate ''SexualArousal'' in the Person perceving(usually viewing) it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'erotic' in Wordnet: 1. (3) erotic, titillating - (giving sexual pleasure; sexually arousing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interesting . :Erotica :guid "be0de069-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "erotica1n", "porn1n", "porno1n", "pornography1n", "smut5n" ; :wordnet "erotica", "porn", "porno", "pornography", "smut" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the abstract representation of some erotic material - writing, pictures, movies. CYC: The collection of #$InformationBearingThings whose intention is artistic and whose theme is #$SexualBehavior. This includes not only some #$ArtObjects, but also some literary works, films, and dances. What some consider #$Erotica others may consider #$PornographicMaterial. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erotica' in WordNet: 1. pornography, porno, porn, erotica, smut - (creative activity (writing or pictures or films etc.) of no literary or artistic value other than to stimulate sexual desire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractInformationStore, :AbstractText, :Artifact-Generic, :ConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erotic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Erratic :isTheOppositeOf :Predictable ; :wnsense "erratic2adj", "fickle2adj", "mercurial1adj", "quicksilver1adj" ; :wordnet "erratic", "fickle", "mercurial", "quicksilver" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The difference between WN 'erratic' and WN 'temperamental' is unclear. This needs to be reviewe when ultiple instances are found in text. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'erratic' in Wordnet: 2. (1) erratic, fickle, mercurial, quicksilver - (liable to sudden unpredictable change; 'erratic behavior'; 'fickle weather'; 'mercurial twists of temperament'; 'a quicksilver character, cool and willful at one moment, utterly fragile the next') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpredictable . :Erroneous :wnsense "erroneous1adj", "false1adj", "false2adj", "inaccurate2adj", "mistaken2adj" ; :wordnet "erroneous", "false", "inaccurate", "mistaken" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Erroneous''is the property of something that is not true, i.e. is inconsistent with truth and reality. 'false' and 'erroneous' are approximately the same meaning. If they can be differentiated,this type may be restricted. ''False'' is also present as an instance of ''TruthValue'' *But* The instances do not have a mechanism for assigning subtypes, so it is not clear how this can relate to the istance ''False''. @ToDo: need to be further elaborated. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'erroneous' and senses 1 and 2 of 'false'in WordNet: 1. (1) erroneous, inaccurate - (containing or characterized by error; 'erroneous conclusions'; 'the answer was inaccurate') WN adjective 'false': 1. (9) false - (not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality; 'gave false testimony under oath'; 'false tales of bravery') 2. (1) false, mistaken - (arising from error; 'a false assumption'; 'a mistaken view of the situation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ErroneousBelief :en "misbelief" ; :ldoce "mistake" ; :wnsense "erroneous belief1n", "error3n", "misapprehension1n", "misconception1n", "mistake2n", "misunderstanding2n" ; :wordnet "erroneous belief", "error", "misapprehension", "misconception", "mistake", "misunderstanding" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ErroneousBelief' is a Belief that does not conform to reality or fact. An 'ErroneousBelief' cannot be 'Knowledge' within the same ontology. NOTE that this conflates WN 'misunderstanding' with its parent 'misconception'. Refer to ''IncompatibleTheory'' ??? RHW 'misbelief': 1. erroneous belief; false opinion. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mistake' and sense 2 of 'misunderstanding' and sense 3 of 'error' in WordNet: WN 'mistake': 2. (6) mistake, misunderstanding, misapprehension - (an understanding of something that is not correct; 'he wasn't going to admit his mistake'; 'make no mistake about his intentions'; 'there must be some misunderstanding - I don't have a sister') WN 'error': 3. (4) error, erroneous belief - (a misconception resulting from incorrect information) WN noun 'misconception': 1. (3) misconception - (an incorrect conception) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, :Error, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonReality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erroneous ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] ; owl:disjointWith :Knowledge . :ErroneousBelieving :en "erroneous belief" ; :ldoce "mistake" ; :wnsense "misbelieve1v" ; :wordnet "misbelieve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ErroneousBelieving'' is a ''Believing'' that is an ''Error'', in that it does not conform to reality. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'misbelieve' in WordNet: 1. misbelieve - (hold a false or unorthodox belief) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing, :Error, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Falsehood ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :ErroneousBelief ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erroneous ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :ErroneousReasoning a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ErroneousReasoning'' is a ''Erroneous'' Action that produces a ''Fallacy''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MistakenAction, :Reasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fallacy ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Error :ldoce "mistake" ; :wnsense "error1n", "error4n", "error7n", "misapprehension1n", "misunderstanding2n" ; :wordnet "error", "misapprehension", "misunderstanding" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the broadest type representing mistakes, including states of belief (''ErroneousBelieving'') or misconceptions (''ErroneusBelief'' - a ''MentalObject'' - an abstract idea) or an ''MistakenAction''. An 'Error'' is the Role played by either an ''Assertion'' or ''Belief'' or ''Believing'' that does not conform to reality, or to some Action that does not achieve its intended result, when a different Action would have. To asert that something is an ''Error'' it is necessary to point to the alternative which would be a ''BetterAlternative''. The subtypes ''ErroneousBelief'' and ''MistakenAction'' are more specific as to the type of error. See these subtypes. Includes noun senses 1, 4, and 7 of 'error' and sense 2 'mistake' in WordNet: WN 'error': 1. (13) mistake, error, fault - (a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention; 'he made a bad mistake'; 'she was quick to point out my errors'; 'I could understand his English in spite of his grammatical faults') 4. (3) error, misplay - ((baseball) a failure of a defensive player to make an out when normal play would have sufficed) 7. (2) error, mistake - (part of a statement that is not correct; 'the book was full of errors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erroneous ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :ErrorEllipse a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ErrorEllipse is a planar region on some physical surface indicating the region within which the probability is some value that the true point that was measured lies within that region. As an Ellipse, the region will have a semiminor axis, a semimajor axis, and an orientation. Such an ellipse can be used to measure positional uncertainty in a plane, as for the location of an object on the Earth's surface.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Region, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elliptical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ellipse ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Erudition :wnsense "eruditeness1n", "erudition1n", "learnedness1n", "learning2n", "scholarship2n" ; :wordnet "eruditeness", "erudition", "learnedness", "learning", "scholarship" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Erudition'' is the broad and deep range of knowledge and appreciation for the value of Learning that may be developed after years of study, whether formal or by oneself. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erudition' in WordNet: 1. eruditeness, erudition, learnedness, learning, scholarship, encyclopedism, encyclopaedism - (profound scholarly knowledge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Education, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Learning ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proposition ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LotsOfInformation ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Erupting :wnsense "erupt5v", "eruption1n", "volcanic eruption1n" ; :wordnet "erupt", "eruption", "volcanic eruption" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Erupting'' is an ''Action'' (because it is performed by a ''Volcano'') in which Lava or ash is emitted by a ''Volcano'' The restriction specifies that ''Lava'' is emitted, but an Eruption'' can also emit steam, rocks, and volcanic ash. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erupt' and noun sense 1 of 'eruption' in WordNet: 5. (1) erupt, belch, extravasate - (become active and spew forth lava and rocks; 'Vesuvius erupts once in a while') WN noun 'eruprion': 1. (1) volcanic eruption, eruption - (the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discharge, :Spewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lava ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volcano ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Erythema :wnsense "erythema1n" ; :wordnet "erythema" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erythema' in WordNet: 1. erythema - (abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Erythroderma, :Redness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflammation ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :Erythroderma :wnsense "erythroderma1n" ; :wordnet "erythroderma" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erythroderma' in WordNet: 1. erythroderma - (any skin disorder involving abnormal redness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkinDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflammation ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ] . :Erythromycin :guid "c0fd6015-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "E-Mycin1n", "Erythrocin1n", "Ethril1n", "Ilosone1n", "Pediamycin1n", "erythromycin1n" ; :wordnet "E-Mycin", "Erythrocin", "Ethril", "Ilosone", "Pediamycin", "erythromycin" ; a :AntibioticType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The chemical compound which is an anti-infective. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'erythromycin' in WordNet: 1. erythromycin, Erythrocin, E-Mycin, Ethril, Ilosone, Pediamycin - (an antibiotic (trade name Erythrocin or E-Mycin or Ethril or Ilosone or Pediamycin) obtained from the actinomycete Streptomyces erythreus; effective against many Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antibiotic . :Escalating :en "escalating" ; :enadj "escalating" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Escalation ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Escalating'' is an attribute of Actions that are being increased by an ''Escalation'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Escalation :eng "escalating" ; :wnsense "escalate1v", "escalation1n", "intensify1v", "step up1v" ; :wordnet "escalate", "escalation", "intensify", "step up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The diference between this ''Escalation'' and the subtype ''Intensifying'' is that this type can include increases in extent of an Action (e.g. are over which the Action is performed), as well as intensity. If only intensity is increased, the subtype ''Intensifying'' should be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'escalate' in WordNet: 1. escalate, intensify, step up - (increase in extent or intensity; 'The Allies escalated the bombing') WN noun 'escalation' 1. (6) escalation - (an increase to counteract a perceived discrepancy; 'higher wages caused an escalation of prices'; 'there was a gradual escalation of hostilities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ; owl:someValuesFrom :Increased ] . :Escalator :guid "bd58f3e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "escalator2n", "moving staircase1n", "moving stairway1n" ; :wordnet "escalator", "moving staircase", "moving stairway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A moving stairway having a sloped ''ConveyorBelt'' which people stand on to go between floors of buildings. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'escalator' in WordNet: 2. escalator, moving staircase, moving stairway - (a stairway whose steps move continuously on a circulating belt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveyance-Stationary, :ElectricalDevice, :MechanicalDevice, :Stairway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConveyorBelt ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ] . :Escapee :wnsense "escapee1n" ; :wordnet "escapee" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Escapee'' is a Person who has escaped from some form of captivity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'escapee' in WordNet: 1. escapee - (someone who escapes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EscapingCaptivity ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :EscapingCaptivity :guid "bf3912e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "escape" ; :wnsense "escape1n", "escape1v" ; :wordnet "escape" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc 'EscapingCaptivity' is not a subtype of 'EscapingFromControl': unclear why not. IN COSMO it is a subype. The Acton of avoiding being captured is represented by ''EludingCapture''. Cyc: #$EscapeCaptivity is the collection of all instances of breaking out of captivity or confinement for both humans and animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'escape' in WordNet: 1. (6) escape, flight - (the act of escaping physically; 'he made his escape from the mental hospital'; 'the canary escaped from its cage'; 'his flight was an indication of his guilt') WN verb 'escape': 1. (22) escape, get away, break loose - (run away from confinement; 'The convicted murderer escaped from a high security prison') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EscapingFromControl, :Fleeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capturing ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imprisoning ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :EscapingFromControl :guid "8a89dabe-20cd-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; :ldoce "escape" ; :wnsense "escape7v" ; :wordnet "escape" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'EscapingFromControl' is not necessarily escaping confinement, since a dog breaking way from its leash or a prisoner breaking away while being transported would be instances of 'EscapingFromControl' but not of 'EscapingCaptivity'. Cyc: The collection of all instances of #$GainingFreedom in which there is a 'controlling' agent who #$losesControl but did not intend that that control be lost. Includes but is broader than sense 7 of verb 'escape' in WordNet: 7. scat, run, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it, bunk, head for the hills, take to the woods, escape, fly the coop, break away - (flee; take to one's heels; cut and run; 'If you see this man, run!'; 'The burglars escaped before the police showed up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GainingFreedom . :EscapingPrison :guid "8eb97b94-20cd-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; :wnsense "break16n", "breakout1n", "gaolbreak1n", "jailbreak1n", "prison-breaking1n", "prisonbreak1n" ; :wordnet "break", "breakout", "gaolbreak", "jailbreak", "prison-breaking", "prisonbreak" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all escapes from #$Prison. In every instance, some #$Agent who was confined to a #$Prison escapes from those confines, against the will of whatever #$Agent was doing the imprisoning (see #$EscapingFromControl). Note that the #$Agent doing the escaping may be an individual #$Person or a #$Group of people, provided the #$Group is known to qualify as an #$Agent in its own right. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jailbreak' in WordNet: 1. break, breakout, jailbreak, gaolbreak, prisonbreak, prison-breaking - (an escape from jail; 'the breakout was carefully planned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EscapingCaptivity, :HumanActivity . :Escarpment :guid "56e626dc-24db-41d7-8523-94f479eccf63" ; :wnsense "escarpment1n", "scarp1n" ; :wordnet "escarpment", "scarp" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An elongated and comparatively steep slope separating flat or gently sloping areas. This is a ''Steep-sided'' slope. For a ''VerySteep'' slope use subtype ''Cliff''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'escarpment' in WordNet: 1. escarpment, scarp - (a long steep slope or cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge; usually formed by erosion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, :OutdoorObject, :Slope-Topographical, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steep-sided ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Eschewing :eng "eschewing", "shunning" ; :wnsense "eschew1v", "shun1v" ; :wordnet "eschew", "shun" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eschewing'' is an ''AvoidanceAction'' in which a Person refrains from performing some Action, because the Action is of a type that the Person considers undesirable or inappropriate - represented in the restriction as a ''BadThing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'eschew' in WordNet: 1. (2) shun, eschew - (avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvoidanceAction, :Refraining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BadThing ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttemptToAvoid ] . :Escort :wnsense "bodyguard1n", "date6n", "escort1n", "escort3n", "escort4n" ; :wordnet "bodyguard", "date", "escort" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Escort'' is an ''Attender'' whose function is to accompany a Person while outside the house, whether to protect the person escorted, or as a date. NOTE that WN sense 4 includes female 'dates'. The subtypes can be broken out as subtypes. Includes noun senses 1, 3, and part of 4 of 'escort' in WordNet: 1. (2) bodyguard, escort - (someone who escorts and protects a prominent person) 3. escort - (an attendant who is employed to accompany someone) 4. date, escort - (a participant in a date; 'his date never stopped talking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attender . :Escorting :wnsense "escort1v" ; :wordnet "escort" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Escorting'' is an ''AccompanyingOnaTrip'' of any length, where the Accopanying is performed by an ''Escort'' whose Role differs from that of the Person being escorted. The Escort may be a protector or guide, or, as in a dating situation, a man who is traditionally viewed as the protector of the woman escorted, to places where tradtionally women do not go alone (even if that is not the actual situation). There can be several subtypes of ''Escorting''. In some societies a woman is not expected or allowed to go out of the house withoout a male escorting her. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'escort' in WordNet: 1. (7) escort - (accompany as an escort; 'She asked her older brother to escort her to the ball') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AccompanyingOnaTrip, :AccompanyingaPerson . :Eskimo :wnsense "Eskimo1n", "Esquimau1n", "Inuit1n" ; :wordnet "Eskimo", "Esquimau", "Inuit" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Eskimo'' is a person who is a member of or descended from an Eskimo tribe of North America. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Eskimo' in Wordnet: 1. Eskimo, Esquimau, Inuit - (a member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia); the Algonquians called them Eskimo ('eaters of raw flesh') but they call themselves the Inuit ('the people')) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmericanIndian . :Esophagus :guid "bd58fd43-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "esophagus1n", "gorge3n", "gullet1n", "oesophagus1n" ; :wordnet "esophagus", "gorge", "gullet", "oesophagus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of esophagi, each being a tube (#$AnatomicalVessel) that joins the #$Pharynx to the #$Stomach. #$The #$Esophagus is a unique part of the #$AlimentaryCanal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'esophagus' in WordNet: 1. esophagus, oesophagus, gorge, gullet - (the passage between the pharynx and the stomach) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :Muscle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThroatAndStomach ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlimentaryCanal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Esoteric :isTheOppositeOf :Common ; :wnsense "esoteric1adj" ; :wordnet "esoteric" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'esoteric' in Wordnet: 1. (1) esoteric - (confined to and understandable by only an enlightened inner circle; 'a compilation of esoteric philosophical theories') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DifficultToUnderstand . :Espresso :guid "bda1afe4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "espresso1n" ; :wordnet "espresso" ; a :FluidType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A strong coffee drink made by forcing steam through ground coffee beans. Espresso usually is served in smaller amounts than regular coffee. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'espresso' in WordNet: 1. espresso - (strong black coffee brewed by forcing hot water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coffee . :Essay :wnsense "essay1n" ; :wordnet "essay" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Essay'' is an AbstractText ('written material') that discusses some topic, ostensibly intending to stick to facts,but potentially including opinions and perhaps strongly biased. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'essay' in WordNet: 1. (13) essay - (an analytic or interpretive literary composition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :ProseLiteraryWork . :Essence :wnsense "essence2n" ; :wordnet "essence" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialized term here just to fill in level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.54). The meaning is not well defined and hard to formalize. Part of the meaning is captured by the restriction: (isTheProductOf Extracting) Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'essence' in WordNet: 2. essence - (any substance possessing to a high degree the predominant properties of a plant or drug or other natural product from which it is extracted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Extracting ] . :Essential :isMoreIntenseThan :Necessary ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unnecessary ; :wnsense "essential1adj", "indispensable1adj", "indispensable2adj" ; :wordnet "essential", "indispensable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Essential'' is an intensive and emphatic form of 'Necessary' an AttributeValue of objects that are absolutely required to perform some action ('can't do without them'), or of Events (including PersistentStates) that must occur in order to achieve some Goal. 'essential prereqisite'; 'indispensable tool' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'essential' and senses 1 and 2 of 'indispensible' in WordNet: 1. (17) essential, indispensable - (absolutely necessary; vitally necessary; 'essential tools and materials'; 'funds essential to the completion of the project'; 'an indispensable worker') WN adj 'indispensible': 1. (2) indispensable - (not to be dispensed with; essential; 'foods indispensable to good nutrition') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Necessary . :Established :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Printing ; :wnsense "established1n" ; :wordnet "established" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Established'' is the attribute of an ''Organization'' or other social group activity that was created by a ''FoundingAnOrganization'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'established' in Wordnet: 1. (7) established, constituted - (brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established; 'the established social order'; 'distrust the constituted authority'; 'a team established as a member of a major league'; 'enjoyed his prestige as an established writer'; 'an established precedent'; 'the established Church') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness :wnsense "open up5v", "open2v" ; :wordnet "open", "open up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness'' is any of the Group of Actions that a business person takes to either set up or *begin* to operate a business. This is a high-level ActionGroup for Actions involving the business as a whole, not the details such as hiring individuals or buying specific items.. NOTE: this is the *first* 'opening' (establishment) of a business, not the re-opening after some temporary closing (as closing for the night and opening in the mornng.). The WN sense does not distinguish the two - the re-opening after a *temporary* closing is represented in sense ''OpeningaPlaceOfBusiness'', Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'open' in WordNet: 2. (45) open, open up - (start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning; 'open a business') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :EconomicEvent, :EstablishingSomething, :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, :StartingaProject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :BusinessPerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BusinessEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BusinessEvent ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ] . :EstablishingSomething :ldoce "establishment" ; :wnsense "establish1v", "establish2v", "establishment1n", "formation4n", "found1v", "found2v", "institute1v", "launch1v", "set up1v" ; :wordnet "establish", "establishment", "formation", "found", "institute", "launch", "set up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """EstablishingSomething is an Action in which some Agent (which can be a group) is the prime actor in the creation of some social object or process that continues for some period of time. The characteristic of 'establishing' is the relatively long endurance of the thing created, which is not a PhysicalObject. Things established will often be organizations, or ongoing activities or practices of some group of people. Although the action is a Creation, the prime actor that is credited with 'establishing' something may be only one of a number of important actors. In this way 'establishing' is more complex that a simple Creation by one person. See also subtype ''FoundingAnOrganization'' for larger organizations. This corresponds to sense 1 of verb 'establish' in RHW: 1. to found, institute, build, or bring into being on a firm or stable basis: to establish a university; to establish a medical practice. This also corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'establish' and of noun sense 1 of 'establishment' in WordNet - the senses are difficult to distinguish: in WordNet: WN 'establish' 1. (50) establish, set up, found, launch - (set up or found; 'She set up a literacy program') 2. (28) establish, found, plant, constitute, institute - (set up or lay the groundwork for; 'establish a new department') WN 'establishment' 1. (10) constitution, establishment, formation, organization, organisation - (the act of forming something; 'the constitution of a PTA group last year'; 'it was the establishment of his reputation'; 'he still remembers the organization of the club') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :Rule :GroupPractice :Business ) ] ] . :EstablishingaSocialInstitution :wnsense "establish2v", "found2v", "institute1v" ; :wordnet "establish", "found", "institute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EstablishingaSocialInstitution'' is the Action of a GroupOfPeople who, by adopting some social practices or norms or Organizations, and accepting them as valid and socially beneficial over some period of time, create what is considered (by the group that accepts it, not necessarily by others) as an 'institution' in WN sense 3: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'institute' in WordNet: 1. (9) establish, found, plant, constitute, institute - (set up or lay the groundwork for; \"establish a new department\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EstablishingSomething, :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :SocialInstitution ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialGroup ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Establishment :ldoce "establishment" ; :wnsense "establishment4n" ; :wordnet "establishment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The premises (PlaceOfBusiness) of some place of business where the public can enter to be served. This is the physical structure, not the organization. The 'organization' sense of 'establishment' is represented in COSMO by 'Institution'. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 7 of 'establishment' in Random House Webster, but only includes the physical facility, and only for places that directly serve the public in that facility: RHW establishment 7. a place of business together with its employees, merchandise, equipment, etc. This also corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'establishment' in WordNet, but does not include residential locations, and is only for business. It does include for-profit educational facilities. WN 'establishment' in WordNet: 4. (3) establishment - (a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlaceOfBusiness . :EstateOfaPerson :CYC "Estate-LegalEntity" ; :guid "bd61ade1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "estate1n" ; :wordnet "estate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The estate of a deceased person., i.e. the property of a dead person whose property has not been fully distributed to others. This is an unusual entity which is both Property and a IntelligentAgent. As an approximation we can consider it as Property which is owned by itself, temporarily, until liquidated. @TODO: This still needs to be axiomatized (v 0.44), as well as its relation to the DeadPerson who owned it, and the ''\"Executor\"'' who manages it. In Cyc called 'Estate-LegalEntity': Cyc: An estate is a collection of property managed by an executor, a #$LegalAgent. This includes all ofsense 2 of 'estate' in RHW - the Legal meaning, especially part 'e': a. property or possessions. b. the legal position or status of an owner, considered with respect to property owned in land or other things. c. the degree or quantity of interest that a person has in land with respect to the nature of the right, its duration, or its relation to the rights of others. d. interest, ownership, or property in land or other things. e. the property of a deceased person, a bankrupt, etc., viewed as an aggregate. This includes the estate of a person *after* they have died. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'estate' in WordNet: 1. (9) estate - (everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, :Property, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :EstateOfaPerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom :EstateOfaPerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyControlledBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Executor ] . :Esteemed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :BeingEsteemed ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :EsteemingSomeone ; :wnsense "esteemed1adj", "honored1adj", "prestigious1adj" ; :wordnet "esteemed", "honored", "prestigious" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Esteemed'' is the attribute of a Person who experienced an ''EsteemingSomeone'' Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'esteemed' in Wordnet: 1. esteemed, honored, prestigious - (having an illustrious reputation; respected; 'our esteemed leader'; 'a prestigious author') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Respected . :EsteemingSomeone :wnsense "esteem1v", "prise3v", "prize3v", "respect1v", "value3v" ; :wordnet "esteem", "prise", "prize", "respect", "value" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''EsteemingSomeone''' is a ''ConsideringToBe'' in which one Person considers some attribute of another Person to be admirable. NOTE: the subtype ''Venerting'' ma also be used for venerating Supernatural beings. Need to change direct object when that is added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'esteem' in WordNet: 1. (1) respect, esteem, value, prize, prise - (regard highly; think much of; 'I respect his judgement'; 'We prize his creativity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsideringToBeValuable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Ester :guid "c10fee84-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ester1n" ; :wordnet "ester" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of substances created via reaction between an alcohol and an acid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ester' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ester - (formed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound . :EstheticallyPleasing :wnsense "aesthetic3adj", "artistic2adj", "artistic3adj", "esthetic3adj" ; :wordnet "aesthetic", "artistic", "esthetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EstheticallyPleasing'' is a subattribute of ''Attractive''; this is not clearly distinct from other subtypes of ''Attractive''; it is one way perople may express that something appeals to their own sense of esthetics. Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'artistic' amd adjective sense 3 of 'esthetic' in WordNet: 2. (3) artistic - (satisfying aesthetic standards and sensibilities; 'artistic workmanship') 3. aesthetic, esthetic, artistic, pleasing - (aesthetically pleasing; 'an artistic flower arrangement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attractive . :Estimated :en "estimated" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Approximation ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingProducedBy :Estimating ; :wnsense "approximate1adj", "approximative1adj", "rough3adj" ; :wordnet "approximate", "approximative", "rough" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Estimated'' is an Attribute of an \"'Estimate' that was produced by a ''Estimating'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'approximate' in WordNet: 1. (3) approximate, approximative, rough - (not quite exact or correct; 'the approximate time was 10 o'clock'; 'a rough guess'; 'a ballpark estimate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Estimating :en "approximating", "estimating" ; :wnsense "approximate2v", "estimate1v" ; :wordnet "approximate", "estimate" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Estimating'' is a type of ''measuring'' by Observation without measuring devices, or by reasoning; e.g. estimating a length by eye, or a measure for a whole thing by adding up the estimated or known measures for component parts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'estimate' in WordNet: 1. (34) estimate, gauge, approximate, guess, judge - (judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time); 'I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measuring, :Observing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Approximation ] . :Estonia :wnsense "Estonia1n" ; :wordnet "Estonia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Estonia' in WordNet: 1. Estonia, Esthonia, Republic of Estonia - (a republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea) """ . :Estranged :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Alienating ; :wnsense "alienated2adj", "estranged1adj" ; :wordnet "alienated", "estranged" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'estranged' in Wordnet: 1. (1) alienated, estranged - (caused to be unloved) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unmarried . :Estrogen :wnsense "estrogen1n" ; :wordnet "estrogen" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The steroid hormone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'estrogen' in Wordnet: 1. estrogen, oestrogen - (a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SteroidHormone . :Estrus :wnsense "estrus1n", "heat5n", "rut3n" ; :wordnet "estrus", "heat", "rut" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: not the most common state of an organism, and therefore considered as a ''PhysiologicalCondition' (Not normal) rather than a ''NormalOrganismCondition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'estrus' in Wordnet: 1. estrus, oestrus, heat, rut - (applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or period of heightened sexual arousal and activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, :StaticSituation . :Estuary :wnsense "estuary1n" ; :wordnet "estuary" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'estuary' in WordNet: 1. (1) estuary - (the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RiverAndSea ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Etching :en "etch", "etching" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which an artifact with a relatively smooth surface has the surface rendered rough(er) by the action of an etching agent (a liquid, or for glass etching with etching wheels, an abrasive) or physical abrasion (as by an etching wheel). NOTE: when an intelligent agent is the subject, this can be considered as a purposeful action, but the 'corrosion' by a substance is not intentional on the part of the substance. How to differentiate? @ToDo: perhaps not only 'corrosion' - should this be a parent of 'chemical corrosion'? Glass 'etching' with copper wheels uses an abrasive, so this method can also be considered as use of a substance, but not quite what is considered as 'corrosion'. There are no close synsets with this sense in WordNet. For creating and artwork by etching, use subtype ''EtchingAnArtwork''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corrosion . :EtchingAnArtwork :wnsense "etch1v", "etching3n" ; :wordnet "etch", "etching" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EtchingAnArtwork'' is the Action of creating a hand-rendered etching - the act of creating the plate from which an 'etcing' is produced by printing. Corresponds to part (the etching a plate part) of sense 3 of 'etching' and verb sense 1 of 'etch' in WordNet: 3. engraving, etching - (making engraved or etched plates and printing designs from them) WN verb 'etch': 1. (1) etch - (make an etching of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drawing-Depicting, :Etching . :Eternal :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :CeasingToExist ; :isTheOppositeOf :Temporary ; :wnsense "aeonian2adj", "ageless1adj", "dateless1adj", "endless3adj", "eternal1adj", "everlasting1adj", "perpetual1adj", "sempiternal1adj", "unceasing1adj", "unending1adj" ; :wordnet "aeonian", "ageless", "dateless", "endless", "eternal", "everlasting", "perpetual", "sempiternal", "unceasing", "unending" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eternal'' is the attribute of something that persists at least to the end of time, perhaps longer(in some philosophy or cosmological theory)? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eternal' in WordNet: 1. (9) ageless, aeonian, eonian, eternal, everlasting, perpetual, unending, unceasing - (continuing forever or indefinitely; 'the ageless themes of love and revenge'; 'eternal truths'; 'life everlasting'; 'hell's perpetual fires'; 'the unending bliss of heaven') WN adj 'endless': 3. dateless, endless, sempiternal - (having no known beginning and presumably no end; 'the dateless rise and fall of the tides'; 'time is endless'; 'sempiternal truth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongLasting . :EternalBliss :en "eternal bliss" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EternalBliss'' is an ''EternalLife'' in a state of ''Bliss''. No obvious synset found in Wordnet for this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bliss, :EternalLife, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blissful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eternity ; owl:onProperty :occurredInTimeInterval ] . :EternalLife :wnsense "eternal life1n", "life eternal1n" ; :wordnet "eternal life", "life eternal" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EternalLife'' is a 'Lifetime' that has no end - lasting for all eternity (even beyond ''Death''? as in parent. - parent needs to be changed). Corresponds to only *part* of noun sense 1 of 'eternal life' applying only to life that has no end,though it may have a beginning (as for a Soul) in WordNet: 1. eternal life, life eternal - (life without beginning or end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lifetime, :NewLife, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Death ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eternal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Eternity ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :Eternity :wnsense "eternity1n", "infinity1n" ; :wordnet "eternity", "infinity" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eternity'' is a hypothetical ''TimeInterval'' that lasts forever, i.e. for an infinite amount of time. Assertions with this term usually start the period of time from the time of reference, often the time of the assertion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eternity' in WordNet: 1. (3) eternity, infinity - (time without end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forever ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ] . :Ethane :guid "f470ecb2-ecea-41d6-8029-996ce1318742" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C2H6 ; :wnsense "ethane1n" ; :wordnet "ethane" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GaseousSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """C2H6. An alkane whose structure is 2 carbon bonded carbon atoms surrounded by 6 hydrogen atoms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethane' in WordNet: 1. ethane, C2H6 - (a colorless odorless alkane gas used as fuel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkane . :hasDensityInGramsPerCC "0.5"^^xsd:float ; :isaFractionalComponentOf :EthylAlcohol ; a :SubstanceDensity . :Ethene :guid "23915ee6-eceb-41d6-94ea-87f5ac62c593" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C2H4 ; :wnsense "ethene1n", "ethylene1n" ; :wordnet "ethene", "ethylene" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GaseousSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """C2H4. Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. A molecule of ethene consists of two carbon atoms double bonded with two hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom. The common name for this compound is 'ethylene'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethylene' in WordNet: 1. ethylene, ethene - (a flammable colorless gaseous alkene; obtained from petroleum and natural gas and used in manufacturing many other chemicals; sometimes used as an anesthetic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hydrocarbon . :Ether :guid "e3455158-a04a-41d7-94ad-c69396d66492" ; :wnsense "ether3n" ; :wordnet "ether" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type represent the general series of OrganicCompounds that have an Oxygen atom bound to two Carbon atoms. The 'ether' used in anaesthesia is the subtpe ''EthylEther''. CYC: A specialization of #$OrganicCompound. Each instance of #$Ether is a chemical compound whose molecular composition consists of an oxygen atom interposed between two carbon atoms. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'ether' in WordNet: 3. ether - (any of a class of organic compounds that have two hydrocarbon groups linked by an oxygen atom) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound . :EtherGroup :en "ether group" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C-O-C ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'EtherGroup'' is an ''AtomGroup'' that is part of a larger Molecule, in the category of ''Ether'' subtypes; this ''AtomGroup'' consists of one ''OxygenAtom'' bound to two 'CarbonAtom''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AtomGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ether ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Ethical :isTheOppositeOf :Unethical ; :pertainsTo :CodeOfEthics ; :wnsense "ethical2adj" ; :wordnet "ethical" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ethical' is an EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated conforms to some ''CodeOfEthics''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'ethical' in Wordnet: 2. (2) ethical - (conforming to accepted standards of social or professional behavior; 'an ethical lawyer'; 'ethical medical practice'; 'an ethical problem'; 'had no ethical objection to drinking'; 'Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants'- Omar N. Bradley) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conforming, :Honorable . :EthicalBehavior :en "ethical behavior" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EthicalBehavior'' is a 'MannerOfBehavior' that is characterized by an conformance to some ''CodeOfEthics'' and Fairness. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FairPlay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ethical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Righteousness ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CodeOfEthics ; owl:onProperty :conformsTo ] . :Ethiopia :wnsense "Ethiopia1n" ; :wordnet "Ethiopia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ethiopia' in WordNet: 1. Ethiopia, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Yaltopya, Abyssinia - (Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia) """ . :Ethiopian :pertainsTo :Ethiopia, :EthiopianPerson ; :wnsense "Ethiopian1adj" ; :wordnet "Ethiopian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Ethiopian' in WordNet: 1. Ethiopian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Ethiopia or its people or languages; 'Ethiopian immigrants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EthiopianPerson :wnsense "Ethiopian1n" ; :wordnet "Ethiopian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ethiopian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Ethiopian - (a native or inhabitant of Ethiopia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ethiopia ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Ethnic :pertainsTo :CulturalArtifact, :CulturalPractice, :CulturalThing, :Culture, :EthnicGroup, :Ethnicity ; :wnsense "cultural2adj", "ethnic1adj", "ethnical1adj" ; :wordnet "cultural", "ethnic", "ethnical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cultural' in WordNet: 1. (3) cultural, ethnic, ethnical - (denoting or deriving from or distinctive of the ways of living built up by a group of people; 'influenced by ethnic and cultural ties'- J.F.Kennedy; 'ethnic food') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EthnicFood :en "ethnic food" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EthnicFood'' is any ''Food' that is associated with some particular ''Culture'' or geographical region. Tacos? Sushi? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food . :EthnicFoodObject :en "ethnic food object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EthnicFoodObject'' is any ''FoodObject' that is associated with some particular ''Culture'' or geographical region. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EthnicFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :EthnicGroup :wnsense "ethnic group1n", "ethnos1n" ; :wordnet "ethnic group", "ethnos" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethnic group' in WordNet: 1. ethnic group, ethnos - (people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ethnic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ethnicity ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonByEthnicity ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Ethnicity :wnsense "ethnicity1n" ; :wordnet "ethnicity" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ethnicity'' is a ''Quality'' that expresses the genetic or cultural background of a Person, usually associated with the birthplace of that person or of some ancestor. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethnicity' in WordNet: 1. ethnicity - (an ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties; 'ethnicity has a strong influence on community status relations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ethnic ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EthnicGroup ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Ethnographic :pertainsTo :Ethnography ; :wnsense "ethnographic1adj", "ethnographical1adj" ; :wordnet "ethnographic", "ethnographical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pertaining to 'Ethnography' and its methods and activities undertaken in investigations.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ethnographic' in Wordnet: 1. ethnographic, ethnographical - (of or relating to ethnography; 'ethnographical data') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Ethnography :wnsense "descriptive anthropology1n", "ethnography1n" ; :wordnet "descriptive anthropology", "ethnography" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethnography' in WordNet: 1. ethnography, descriptive anthropology - (the branch of anthropology that provides scientific description of individual human societies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anthropology . :Ethologist :guid "bd59004c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ethologist1n" ; :wordnet "ethologist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethologist' in WordNet: 1. ethologist - (a zoologist who studies the behavior of animals in their natural habitats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist . :Ethos :wnsense "ethos1n" ; :wordnet "ethos" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Group of characteristics that provide the overall character of a Culture distinguishing it from others. An attribute or Group of attributes of a Culture. From Yale HRAF: ETHOS (Yale HRAF code 181) 'General orientation of the culture; predominating interests, values, themes, and motivations; characterizations of the total culture (e.g., as 'conservative,' 'competitive,' 'militaristic,' 'spirit-ridden,' 'Apollonian,' 'folk,' 'urban'); allegations and inferences as to national character; etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethos' in Wordnet: 1. (2) ethos - ((anthropology) the distinctive spirit of a culture or an era; 'the Greek ethos') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :CulturalThing, :Group . :EthylAcetate :wnsense "ethyl acetate1n" ; :wordnet "ethyl acetate" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethyl acetate' in Wordnet: 1. (3) ethyl acetate - (a fragrant colorless flammable volatile liquid ester made from ethanol and acetic acid; used in flavorings and perfumes and as a solvent for plastics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ester . :EthylAlcohol :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CH3CH2OH ; :ldoce "alcohol" ; :wnsense "ethanol1n", "ethyl alcohol1n", "grain alcohol1n" ; :wordnet "ethanol", "ethyl alcohol", "grain alcohol" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """EthylAlcohol is the common 'alcohol' of alcoholic beverages, also called 'grain alcohol'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethyl alcohol', sense 1 of 'ethanol' and sense 1 of 'grain alcohol' in WordNet: 1. (5) ethyl alcohol, ethanol, fermentation alcohol, grain alcohol - (the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alcohol . :Etiquette :wnsense "etiquette1n" ; :wordnet "etiquette" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Etiquette' is the set of informal rules for behavior in a social setting, established by gneral consent as a way to avoid offending others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'etiquette' in WordNet: 1. (1) etiquette - (rules governing socially acceptable behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RulesForConduct . :Eubacterium :wnsense "eubacteria1n", "eubacterium1n", "true bacteria1n" ; :wordnet "eubacteria", "eubacterium", "true bacteria" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eubacterium' in WordNet: 1. eubacteria, eubacterium, true bacteria - (a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls; motile types have flagella) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium . :EuclideanSpace :wnsense "Euclidean space1n" ; :wordnet "Euclidean space" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EuclideanSpace'' is a ''Space'' which is an abstraction of the two or three-dimensional spaces discussed by Euclid in describing his 'Euclidean geometry'. RHW: 1. ordinary two- or three-dimensional space. 2. any vector space on which a real-valued inner product is defined. Also called Cartesian space. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Euclidean space' in WordNet: 1. Euclidean space - (a space in which Euclid's axioms and definitions apply; a metric space that is linear and finite-dimensional) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Space . :EukaryoticCell :en "eukaryotic cell" ; :guid "bd58eee7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Cell. Each instance of #$EukaryoticCell is a cell that serves as the basic structural unit of a eukaryotic organism. These cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. Multicellular Organisms generally have #$EukaryoticCells; #$EukaryoticCell DNA has introns. Certain #$EukaryoticCells, like the red blood corpuscles of #$Persons with heathy #$Spleens, lack nuclei.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cell . :EukaryoticOrganism :guid "bfc8323a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eucaryote1n", "eukaryote1n" ; :wordnet "eucaryote", "eukaryote" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$EukaryoticOrganism is a specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Each instance of #$EukaryoticOrganism is an organism (individual organism, not type of organism) composed of #$EukaryoticCells (cells which have mitochondria, other organelles, and nuclei containing chromosomes). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eukaryote' in WordNet: 1. eukaryote, eucaryote - (an organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria; i.e. an organism with 'good' or membrane-bound nuclei in its cells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism . :Eulogy :wnsense "eulogium1n", "eulogy1n" ; :wordnet "eulogium", "eulogy" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Eulogy'' is a formal ''PraiseText'' written or spoken in praise of and in memory of a Person who has died - usually recently. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eulogy' in WordNet: 1. eulogy, eulogium - (a formal expression of praise for someone who has died recently) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PraiseText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Eunuch :guid "c10ae316-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "castrate1n", "eunuch1n" ; :wordnet "castrate", "eunuch" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: a male animal without testicles. COSMO: This type is only for human eunuchs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eunuch' in WordNet: 1. eunuch, castrate - (a man who has been castrated and is incapable of reproduction; 'eunuchs guarded the harem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Castrated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Castrating ; owl:onProperty :wasTheDirectObjectOf ] . :Euphemism :wnsense "euphemism1n" ; :wordnet "euphemism" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Euphemism'' is an ''Expression'' used as a more polite and inoffensive term for something that has an alternative label that may be offensive or obscene or insulting to someone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'euphemism' in WordNet: 1. euphemism - (an inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expression, :SubstituteThing . :EuphratesRiver :guid "bd58ec1f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The Euphrates River, a river of historical significance, flowing from the confluence of the Kara and Murad rivers in E. Turkey, down to its confluence with the #$TigrisRiver whereafter it becomes the #$ShattAlArabRiver that flows into the #$PersianGulf.""" . :EurasiaRegion :hasSpatialPart :AsiaRegion, :EuropeRegion ; :wnsense "Eurasia1n" ; :wordnet "Eurasia" ; a :ContinentRegion ; rdfs:comment """Eurasia is sometimes referred to as a continent, and its parts Europe and Asia are also referred to as continents. By including all of these in COSMO, we have more than the traditional seven continents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Eurasia' in WordNet: 1. Eurasia - (the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia) """ . :Euro :isUsedBy :EuroZone ; :wnsense "euro1n" ; :wordnet "euro" ; a :CurrencyUnit ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'euro' in WordNet: 1. euro - (the basic monetary unit of most members of the European Union (introduced in 1999); in 2002 twelve European nations (Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Austria, Finland) adopted the euro as their basic unit of money and abandoned their traditional currencies) """ . :EuroCent :en "Euro cent" ; a :CurrencyUnit ; rdfs:comment """A currency measure. 1 EuroCent is equal to .01 Euros. """ . :EuroDollar :wnsense "eurodollar1n" ; :wordnet "eurodollar" ; a :CurrencyUnit ; rdfs:comment """A currency measure used in most European Union countries. This is not the same as a ''Euro''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eurodollar' in Wordnet: 1. Eurodollar - (a United States dollar deposited in a European bank and used as an international currency to finance trade) """ . :EuroZone :en "euro zone" ; :enn "euro zone" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EuroZone'' is the ''GroupOfCountries'' in Europe that use the ''Euro'' as a ''CurrencyUnit'', mostof them being members of the EuropeanUnion , but not all EuropeanUnion members use the Euro. From Wikipedia (September 2020): The eurozone, officially called the euro area,[7] is a monetary union of 19 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro as their primary currency and sole legal tender. The monetary authority of the eurozone is the Eurosystem. The eight remaining members of the European Union continue to use their own national currencies, although most of them will be obliged to adopt the euro in the future. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Other EU states (except for Denmark) are obliged to join once they meet the criteria to do so.[8] No state has left, and there are no provisions to do so or to be expelled.[9] Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City have formal agreements with the EU to use the euro as their official currency and issue their own coins.[10][11][12] Kosovo and Montenegro have adopted the euro unilaterally,[13] but these countries do not officially form part of the eurozone and do not have representation in the European Central Bank (ECB) or in the Eurogroup.[14] """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfCountries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :France ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Italy ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Germany ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Austria ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spain ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Euro ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Europe :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; :wnsense "Europe1n" ; :wordnet "Europe" ; a :Continent ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Europe' in Wordnet: 1. (28) Europe - (the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles) """ . :EuropeRegion a :ContinentRegion . :European :pertainsTo :Europe ; :wnsense "Continental1adj", "European1adj" ; :wordnet "Continental", "European" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''European'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Europe''. This is usually written with a capital 'E'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'European' and sense 1 of 'Continental' in WordNet: 1. (14) European - (of or relating to or characteristic of Europe or the people of Europe; 'European Community') WN adj 'Continental': 1. (3) Continental - (of or pertaining to or typical of Europe; 'a Continental breakfast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EuropeanPerson :wnsense "European1n" ; :wordnet "European" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person who is a citizen or inhabitant of Europe or participate in some itinctive aspect of European culture.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'European' in WordNet: 1. (2) European - (a native or inhabitant of Europe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person . :Europium :guid "bf1a8afb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "63"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Eu1n", "europium1n" ; :wordnet "Eu", "europium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of europium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'europium' in WordNet: 1. europium, Eu, atomic number 63 - (a bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RareEarthElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Euthanasia :guid "bdc7df26-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "euthanasia1n", "mercy killing1n" ; :wordnet "euthanasia", "mercy killing" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Euthanasia'' is a ''Killing'' in which the patient (object of the action, possibl a non-human animal) is put to death in a manner as painless as possible. This is most often performed on non-human animals, when they are near death from disease and the owner wants to minimize the animal's pain. Sometimes performed on people near death; but if the person ingests a poison under their own power the Person will perform an 'assisted suicide' which is not a ''Euthanasia''. CYC:A specialization of #$KillingByOrganism and #$ShowingSupportForSomeone. Each instance of #$Euthanasia is an #$Event in which a #$Person willfully ends or permits the end of the life of another #$Animal in a way in which the latter suffers very little or no physical pain. When the animal is a #$Person this is done after and only after he or she has requested that this be done. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'euthanasia' in WordNet: 1. euthanasia, mercy killing - (the act of killing someone painlessly (especially someone suffering from an incurable illness)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Killing, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Painless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Evacuating :wnsense "evacuate1v" ; :wordnet "evacuate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Evacuating'' is the intransitive act of one or more Person(s) leaving a residence that is no longer liveable or safe to live in, to some other safer location Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'evacuate' in WordNet: 1. (1) evacuate - (move out of an unsafe location into safety; 'After the earthquake, residents were evacuated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfResidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :DifficultSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeavingaPlace ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlaceOfResidence ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :EvadingAnIssue :wnsense "circumvent3v", "dodge3v", "duck4v", "elude3v", "evade1v", "fudge2v", "hedge1v", "parry2v", "put off5v", "sidestep1v", "skirt1v" ; :wordnet "circumvent", "dodge", "duck", "elude", "evade", "fudge", "hedge", "parry", "put off", "sidestep", "skirt" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EvadingAnIssue'' is an ''Answering'' of a question by a Person who does perform an ''AssertingEvent'' (usually orally) in response to the question, but does not actually answer the question asked, thus avoiding giving the desired information (for any reason). This happens frequently when public officials or their spokespeople or apologists respond to embarrassing questions about the actions of those officials. It is also common whenever a Person answers a question when a true answer would be embarrassing or inconvenient. ''No comment'' does not qualify as this type - there has to be some assertion. Corresponds to part (for answering) verb sense 1 of 'evade' in WordNet: 1. (3) hedge, fudge, evade, put off, circumvent, parry, elude, skirt, dodge, duck, sidestep - (avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues); 'He dodged the issue'; 'she skirted the problem'; 'They tend to evade their responsibilities'; 'he evaded the questions skillfully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answering, :AssertingEvent, :AvoidanceAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DirectAnswer ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttemptToAvoid ] . :EvadingaLaw :en "evading a law", "evasion of a law" ; :enn "evading a law", "evasion of a law" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EvadingaLaw'' is an ''AvoidanceAction'' that uses some ''Loophole'' to avoid complying with the 'spirit of the law'', or with a provision in some contract. The ''Loophole'' may be an ambiguity or unintended consequence in the law (or contract clause) being evaded, or may be due to a different law (or contract clause) that provides the opportunity for evasion. In the case of a law, it might be deliberately inserted in the law by some legislator(s) and not noticed by others. In the case of a Contract, it might be deliberatey inserted by one of the contracting parties and accepted or not noticed by the other party. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvoidanceAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttemptToAvoid ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComplianceWithTheLaw ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :Loophole ] . :Evaluating :eng "evaluating", "rating" ; :guid "bd58bb07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "evaluate1v", "evaluate2v", "evaluation1n", "judge2v", "rate3v", "rating2n" ; :wordnet "evaluate", "evaluation", "judge", "rate", "rating" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In COSMO, 'Evaluating' is not a subtype of 'StrictlyMentalEvent', as it includes Actions that involve the manipulation of PhysicalObjects such as in experimental testing. It is most often a combination of mental and physical actions. Although Evaluating has 'Reasoning' as a component, it includes other actions, and is therefore not a subtype of 'Reasoning', which is strictly mental. Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction and #$ThinkingAboutTheStateOfTheWorld. Each instance of this collection is an event in which at least one agent evaluates some real-world thing or situation. Notable specializations of #$Evaluating include #$MeasuringSomething, #$MedicalTesting, and #$Navigating. This collection differs from #$AnalyzingSomething in that the latter does not necessarily involve some extra-mental entity. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'evaluate' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'evaluation' in Wordnet: 1. (19) measure, evaluate, valuate, assess, appraise, value - (place a value on; judge the worth of something; 'I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional') 2. evaluate, pass judgment, judge - (form a critical opinion of; 'I cannot judge some works of modern art'; 'How do you evaluate this grant proposal?' 'We shouldn't pass judgment on other people') WN noun 'evaluation': 1. (8) evaluation, rating - (act of ascertaining or fixing the value or worth of) WN verb 'rate': 3. (1) rate, value - (estimate the value of; 'How would you rate his chances to become President?'; 'Gold was rated highly among the Romans') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulMentalActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Evaluation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Reasoning ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Valuation ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :Evaluation :wnsense "evaluation2n", "rating1n", "valuation1n" ; :wordnet "evaluation", "rating", "valuation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Assertion that is created by an Evaluating Event. In an Evaluation, the Premises are derived from observation of the thing(s) being evaluated, as well as from prior knowledge. NOTE that an ''Evaluation'' is an ''Opinion'', as it expresses the belief of a person, but is not guaranteed to be true. NOTE 2: this is for 'evaluations' that express opinions on facts *other than** monetary value. For valuations of monetary value,use ''Valuation''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'evaluation' in WordNet: 2. (3) evaluation, valuation, rating - (an appraisal of the value of something; 'he set a high valuation on friendship') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Commentary, :Conclusion, :Judgment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Evaluating ] . :EvaluativeAttribute a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute is a QualitativeAttributeValue for some entity, concrete or abstract, that reflects the judgment of an IntelligentAgent regarding that entity. The judgment may be objective or subjective, but will be relative to some purpose. @ToDo: in assigning an 'EvaluativeAttribute', it should be necessary to specify the agent who has assigned that attribute value - but at this point (rev833) there is no mechanism for specifying the agent directly, other than in a reified assertion.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Evangelical :pertainsTo :ChristianPerson ; :wnsense "evangelical1adj", "evangelical2adj" ; :wordnet "evangelical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'evangelical' in Wordnet: 1. (2) evangelical - (relating to or being a Christian church believing in personal conversion and the inerrancy of the Bible especially the 4 Gospels; 'evangelical Christianity'; 'an ultraconservative evangelical message') 2. evangelical - (of or pertaining to or in keeping with the Christian gospel especially as in the first 4 books of the New Testament) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Christian . :EvangelicalPerson a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ evangelical """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChristianPerson . :Evaporating :en "evaporating" ; :guid "be01164d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "evaporating1n" ; :wordnet "evaporating" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. In each instance of #$Evaporating, something in liquid form (i.e., an instance of #$Liquid-StateOfMatter) is converted to vapor (and thus becomes an instance of #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter). For the Action of drying intentionally, use the subtype 'Drying'. SUMO: The Class of Processes where a Substance is converted from a Liquid to a Gas at a temperature below its Boiling point (at the ambient pressure). NOTE1: as of v0.32, sublimating and freeze-drying, where the substance evaporates from a solid phase directly to vapor, is included. It should be broken out separately. NOTE: instances of this Event do not have to have as Patient of the process an Object that is exclusively or mostly liquid, but the liquid may initially be only a fraction of the weight of the object of interest, as in the Event or process of drying something. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'evaporate' in Wordnet: 1. (2) evaporate, vaporize, vaporise - (lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue; 'evaporate milk') 2. evaporate, vaporise - (cause to change into a vapor; 'The chemist evaporated the water') 3. evaporate, vaporise - (change into a vapor; 'The water evaporated in front of our eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vaporization . :Evasive :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Evasiveness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Frank, :StraightforwardAndSquare ; :wnsense "evasive1adj" ; :wordnet "evasive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'evasive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) evasive - (deliberately vague or ambiguous; 'his answers were brief, constrained and evasive'; 'an evasive statement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Evasiveness :wnsense "equivocation2n", "evasiveness1n", "prevarication2n" ; :wordnet "equivocation", "evasiveness", "prevarication" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Evasiveness' is a ''Feeling'' and a BehavioralDisposition that disposes a Person to avoid giving open and honest answers. WN has \"untruthfulness\" rather than ''Dishonesty'' as parent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'evasiveness' in WordNet: 1. equivocation, prevarication, evasiveness - (intentionally vague or ambiguous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dishonesty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evasive ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Eve :wnsense "eve2n" ; :wordnet "eve" ; a :DayType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of this type must specify the ''Day'' of which that instance is the ''Eve'', or at least the type of ''Day'' (e.g. Christmas, NewYearsDay). \"day\" Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'eve' in WordNet: 2. (2) eve - (the day before; 'he always arrives on the eve of her departure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :precedes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Day :TimeIntervalType ) ] ] . :Eve-Biblical :hasQualitativeAttribute :Biblical, :FirstOfaSeries ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :wnsense "Eve1n" ; :wordnet "Eve" ; a :Organism, :Woman ; rdfs:comment """The first Woman that God created, according to the Hebrew Bible. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Eve' in WordNet: 1. (7) Eve - ((Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden) """ . :Even :wnsense "even3adj" ; :wordnet "even" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Even' as an attribute (adjective) is a broad term signifying alignment of comparable edges of two PhysicalObjects, or a relative smoothness of the surface of an object. The subtypes of this type give the more specific meanings. Note: for the sense of 'even' meaning 'equal' or '50-50 division' see 'EvenAmounts'. This corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'even' in WordNet: 3. (2) even - (being level or straight or regular and without variation as e.g. in shape or texture; or being in the same plane or at the same height as something else (i.e. even with); 'an even application of varnish'; 'an even floor'; 'the road was not very even'; 'the picture is even with the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :EvenInAmount :ldoce "even" ; :wnsense "even2adj", "even6adj" ; :wordnet "even" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'EvenInAmount' is an AttributeValue of a Group (usually 2) all of whose elements are 'equal' or equivalent in some quantitative sense. This is a subtle specialization of the parent 'Equal' in that it is used only for amounts of something that are related in that they might not be equal, e.g. when a sum of things are divied into parts, so that the parts are an 'EvenInAmount' division of the total. Corresponds approximately to adjective senses 2 and 6 of'even' in Wordnet: WN adjective 'even': 2. (3) even, fifty-fifty - (equal in degree or extent or amount; or equally matched or balanced; 'even amounts of butter and sugar'; 'on even terms'; 'it was a fifty-fifty (or even) split'; 'had a fifty-fifty (or even) chance'; 'an even fight') 6. tied, even, level - (of the score in a contest; 'the score is tied') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :EvenInteger a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An Integer that is evenly divisible by 2." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Integer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :DivisibleByTwo ] ; owl:disjointWith :OddInteger . :Evening :en "PM" ; :ldoce "evening" ; :wnsense "evening1n" ; :wordnet "evening" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of TimeIntervals that begin at 6:00 PM and end at the moment before midnight (midnight is the first moment of the next day). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'evening' in WordNet: 1. (38) evening, eve, even, eventide - (the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall); 'he enjoyed the evening light across the lake') WN adj'postmeridian': 1. postmeridian - (after noon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AfternoonAndNightTime ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :EveningAndOneAM :hasFirstElement :Evening ; :hasSecondElement :OneAM ; a :Group, :OrderedPair . :Evenly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Even ; :wnsense "evenly2adv" ; :wordnet "evenly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Evenly'' is an AdverbialModifier being the adverbial form of ''Even'', which characterizes Actions or situations that involve some form of equal distribution of *multiple* different types of things, or equal quantities of some substance. For equal distribution of *two* types of things use ''Equally'' 'they spread the paint evenly over the whole table.' Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'evenly' in Wordnet: 2. evenly - (in a level and regular way) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :EvenlyDivisible a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """EvenlyDivisible is an Attribute of a number or numerical quantity that can be divided by some integer without leaving a remainder: the integer must be specified """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Event :en "incidence" ; :guid "bd58800d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "event" ; :wnsense "event1n", "happen1v", "happening1n", "occur1v", "occurrence2n", "occurrent1n" ; :wordnet "event", "happen", "happening", "occur", "occurrence", "occurrent" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in COSMO can be represented as a Group of component subevents, or as a Group of TimeIndexed Assertions, each of which specifies some property of one or more components of the system, in some time interval or within some \"SpatiotemporalRegion''.. Linguistically the occurrance of an ''Event'' can be expressed using terms like 'happen' or 'occur' with the nominative forms of a verb Sense 1 of verb 'happen' and sense 1 of 'occur' in WordNet are expressed by this concept, as is the relation 'occurredAt'. This concept answers the question 'what happened'?: 1. (150) happen, hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out, come about, take place - (come to pass; 'What is happening?'; 'The meeting took place off without an incidence'; 'Nothing occurred that seemed important') The grounding of the meaning of an Event rests on the specification of the properties and relations ('fluents') of the Objects participating in the Event at times during the course of the Event; this is accomplished by specifying a Group of 'TimeIndexedAssertion's, which in aggregate represent the changes to the fluents of one or more objects over some interval of time, and containing the component elements: (1) InstantaneousState at the starting time (2) InstantaneousState at the Ending time (3) The FunctionalProcess that describes the intermediate states between the starting and ending times. Events that are represented as a Group of subevents or as a single undivided Event (some 'accomplishment') do not need to specify the FunctionalProcess, but should specify the starting and ending InstantaneousStates. (NOTE that the restriction on the components of an Event include 'EventType' so that a type of Event that is composed of subevents can specify the *type* of one or more subevents, without specifying the individual subevent an an individual instance of an Event) *** Location in space and time *** The relations ''\"hasStartingTimePoint\"'' and ''hasEndingTimePOint'' can specify the exact or approximate time (each of these can point to a time interval) at which an Event starts or ends; the relation 'W5H' relations: The details of Events are specified by ObjectProperties that can point to the Who, What, Where, When, Why and How, (the \" W5H \" relations and 'With what effect' (the consequence, if any). in COSMO each of these relations may have one or more ObjectProperties that provide these links. For example: What: The type of Event that is used in OWL as an instance label, as in: Moonwalk rdf:ID=\"FirstWalkOnTheMoon\"/> Who: The Agent that performed the Action: wasPerformedByAgent rdf:resource=\"#NeilArmstrong\"/> Where: The location of the Event: occuredAt rdf:resource=\"#EarthsMoon\"/> When: occurredWithinTimeInterval rdf:resource=\"#Year1969AD\"/> Why: hasPurpose rdf:resource=\"#DiscoveryEvent\"/> How: wasFacilitatedByInstrument rdf:resource=\"#Spacecraft\"/> Effect: caused rdf:resource=\"#Awe\"/> There are a number of other ObjectProperties that can add detail to a type or instance of an Event, some relations being more specific as to the domain and range of the relation. The ObjectProperties in COSMO are in general not 'functional in that they may have more than one object for each subject of the relation, unless constrained by a 'cardinality' restriction. **Informally**, a state,process, or event in COSMO is interpreted as the set of *values* of some 'fluents' (attributes or relations that may change over time), but the actual *formal* representation is a Group in which the group elements are the *TimeIndexedAssertions* specifying the values of the fluents pertaining to some Group of Objects, at some TimePoint or TimerInterval. he differences between State, Process,and Event are: State: The Group of Assertions that hold at one time point (InstantaneousState), or persist without change of value over some contiguous interval of time (PersistentState). No value can change within a State. NOTE that one can represent the state of an individual relation or attribute for some Object, without specifying how other attributes may or may not change. Therfore one can, for example, represent a Feeling as a PersistentState that continues without change in value over some interval of time, while other attributes or relations on the same Person change dramatically. Each attribute of each Object represented in a State can be represented as a State separately from the states of other Objects. FunctionalProcess: The full set of LinguisticAssertions specifying the values of fluents at each time point or smaller TimeInterval within a TimeInterval in which the Process is defined. The set of LinguisticAssertions relate times to values,and in that respect is analogous to a mathematical function. In analogy to a mathematical function, one can derive a 'rate' for a Process (in cases where the values are quantified) by taking the ratio of (difference in value) to (difference in time) for any TimeInterval in which a change of value is specified. This rate may change from time to time during a FunctionalProcess. **NOTE** A FunctionalProcess may also be defined, not by specifying the individual values of the fluents at points in time, but by specifying the manner in which a fluent can change over time. One specific example of this is a **differential equation** which can be used to take the value of a fluent at some starting point in time, and calculate the values at subsequent points in time. Thus a FunctionalProcess can have, as its TimeIndexedAssertion, a differential equation. @ToDo: the specifics of how a differential equation are to be represented have not been elaborated as of rev837. **Linguistically** an Event may be labeled by a verb or a noun. The arguments to an event (e.g. the participants) may be implied by use of some linguistic terms (e.g. 'skating' implies the use of skates as a tool). Any given event type may subsume many subtypes, each being an Event with some different type of participant. Whether or not to represent such subtypes explicitly will depend in part on whether the participants are mentioned explicitly in a linguistic text, or whether there are linguistic terms that implicitly assume a certain type of participant. As of rev835, there is no systematic criterion for deciding whether to explicitly represent events with a certain type of participant as subtypes of the more general type, other than whether there are English words that imply a certain type of participant without that participant being mentioned explicitly in text (e.g. 'Baking' is a subtype of 'HeatingProcess', using an Oven as an instrument). Event: focuses on the values of the fluents at the beginning and ending of some TimeInterval, but also includes the FunctionalProcess that specifies the fluent values at times between the beginning and ending. Since the focus of an Event is on the change from one time point to the next, one cannot specify a 'rate' in the same sense as for a FunctionalProcess, where the rate may change many times during the FunctionalProcess. For an Event, one can derive a single 'rate' value that specifies the overall ratio of change of fluent value to time, between the beginning and ending points, and for any instance of Event, only one such 'rate' can be defined. Although logically included in each Event are the starting and ending times, (see relations hasStartingTimePoint and hasEndingTimePoint), these may not be known, and creating an instance of Event does not require specifying those times if not known. NOTE that the FunctionalProcess which is a component of the Event *contains* all of the elements contained in the Event, in that it contains itself, and also contains the states at the beginning and end. While *containing* all of those elements, however, it is nevertheless a distinctly different concept, since the 'Event' specifically selects out of the FunctionalProcess the beginning and ending states as characteristic of the Event. The Event is not a FunctionalProcess, but *contains* a FunctionalProcess as a component element. A FunctionalProcess can be derived from an Event, and an Event can be derived from a FunctionalProcess that is defined over some interval of time. A 'FunctionalProcess' that has only one time point in it also represents a special kind of Event, the limiting case of an InstantaneousState. NOTE also that an instance of FunctionalProcess that is defined by a mathematical function relating properties to time must have associated with it some time interval during which it is asserted to be valid, in order to be an instance. NOTE also that this representation of Event does not resemble a perdurantist 'history' which focuses on some region of space-time. Regions of space-time are represented as 'SpatiotemporalRegion' in COSMO, but the only spatial regions of relevance to an Event are those that can be derived from the locations of the Objects that participate in an Event. The significant conceptual components of an Event are the properties ('fluents') of the Objects that participate in the Event, and insofar as the locations of the Objects may be, but are not necessarily, represented in the Event, those locations may be significant, but except in Events solely depicting motion, the locations are incidental rather than central to the changes represented by the Event. Each Event represents one or more changes that occur to the attributes or relations ('fluents') of one or more objects during some defined interval of time (or for abstract Events, within some interval on the dimension of causality); the net changes are represented by the state at the beginning of the event and the state at the end of the Event. In the physical world, real Events typically have multiple intermediate stages, and nothing occurs instantaneously, but some non-physical Events such as a change of title for a Person may occur at a precise moment by prior arrangement. The representation of intermediate stages of an Event can be explicit, with the included events related to the whole event by the 'hasSubEvent' relation or 'hasTemporalPart' relation. The first can be more specific about one of serveral fluents that vary during an event. The temporal part relation between Events must relate a subevent that includes all of the fluents represented in the whole Event. Each Event includes implicitly a Process that specifies the course of each fluent between the start and end times. At this point (v0.39) there is in most cases no explicit representation of the included Process, but each ''FunctionalProcess'' will, if represented explicitly, have an associated time granularity indicating the minimal intervals over which the change in the fluents are represented. The size of the granularity intervals during which FunctionalProcess states are represented will depend on the discretion of the ontologist for the purposes of the representation. COSMO note: note that in some ontologies (and situation logics) , 'Event' is used to refer to a change in state that is considered instantaneous. In COSMO, such an 'Event' is a subtype of the more general event, which is a change in state that occurs over some interval of time (which, for instantaneous changes would be a zero-length time interval). NOTE also that for some Events, such as cyclic Events, merely representing the starting and ending states - which may be identical - loses the whole meaning of the Event; so intermediate states must also be represented in some manner to provide meaning to the Event. Called: Event(Cyc); Process(SUMO); event(DOLCE); Processual(SPAN-BFO) ************ NOTE on BFO 'Process' ****************************** COSMO: BFO the Type most closely representing COSMO 'Event' is 'Process', so that BFO type is made synonymous with ''Event'. BFO makes the distinction between 'Fiat' events (FiatProcessPart = parts of events) and complete events. This Type represents the complete Event with well-defined beginnings and ends, though an Event can be located in some TimeInterval even if itdoes not fill that time interval (e.g. occurred in some particular year, bt only took part of a day).The FiatProcessPart event is included for compatibility, though not yet used. BFO ('Process') Definition: A processual entity that is a maximally connected spatio-temporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. BFO Examples: the life of an organism, the process of sleeping, the process of cell-division ************ NOTE on BFO 'Process' ****************************** Cyc comment: An important specialization of #$Situation and thus also of #$IntangibleIndividual and #$TemporallyExistingThing (qq.v). Each instance of #$Event is a dynamic situation in which the state of the world changes; each instance is something one would say happens . Events are intangible because they are changes per se, not tangible objects that effect and undergo changes. Notable specializations of #$Event include #$Event-Localized, #$PhysicalEvent, #$Action, and #$GeneralizedTransfer. #$Events should not be confused with #$TimeIntervals (q.v.). The temporal bounds of events are delineated by time intervals, but in contrast to many events time intervals have no spatial location or extent. COSMO note: 'Event' was merged with Cyc ''PhysicalEvent'' and Cyc 'Event-Localized' The Cyc 'StrictlyMentalEvent' is classified as a PhysicalEvent in COSMO. Cyc: (PhysicalEvent') A specialization of #$Event-Localized. Each instance of #$PhysicalEvent is a spatially localized event involving one or more physical objects or stuffs. #$PhysicalEvents typically involve interaction among #$PartiallyTangibles. But note that a physical event might consist in the creation, destruction, movement, or a change in some physical feature of a single salient physical object. (See #$PhysicalCreationEvent, #$PhysicalDestructionEvent, #$MovementEvent, and #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent.) For a contrasting (though not necessarily disjoint) collection, see #$StrictlyMentalEvent. For events that have both physical and mental components, see the collection #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent. Cyc ('Event-Localized'): A specialization of #$Event. #$Event-Localized is the collection of all events that occur at a specific location in space. Notable specializations of #$Event-Localized include #$PhysicalEvent and #$AnimalActivity. NOTE to specify an occurrence of an Event that is known to have actually happened in the RealWorld use ''Occurrence'. The term'incidence' is also used to mean an instance of some Event type, but that sense is not in WN: RHW: 2. a falling upon, affecting, or befalling; occurrence: The incidence of murder that Sunday afternoon shocked the sleepy village. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'event' and senses 1 and 2 of 'occurrence' in WordNet: 1. (62) event - (something that happens at a given place and time) WN noun 'occurrence' (not restricted to natural events): 2. (3) occurrence - (an instance of something occurring; 'a disease of frequent occurrence'; 'the occurrence (or presence) of life on other planets') WN noun 'happening': 1. (2) happening, occurrence, occurrent, natural event - (an event that happens) WN 'happen: 1. (150) happen, hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out, come about, take place - (come to pass; 'What is happening?'; 'The meeting took place off without an incidence'; 'Nothing occurred that seemed important') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :ObjectOrEvent, :ProcessualEntity, :Situation-Localized, :SituationProcessEventOrState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeIndexedAssertion :Event :FunctionalProcess :EventType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] ; owl:disjointWith :FunctionalProcess . :Event-Organized :en "organized event" ; :guid "bf1c15d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "social event1n" ; :wordnet "social event" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of individual events. An event is an instance of #$Event-Organized if it is planned and directed by some instance of #$Person or #$Organization. Elements of #$MusicalPerformance, #$Trial, and #$Bombing would all be instances. Elements of #$Earthquake and #$Breathing would not. This is for any Event in which a Group of people (as few as two) have gathered somewhere after some planning. For gatherings that have a primary 'social' function (meet and enjoy), use subtype ''SocialGathering''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social event' in WordNet: 1. (1) social event - (an event characteristic of persons forming groups) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ] . :EventAttributeValue a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EventAttributeValue is an AttributeValue that specifically characterizes Events.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :EventGroup :BFO "ProcessAggregate" ; :en "event group", "event grouping", "group of events" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting exclusively of 'Event's or ''EventType''s. NOTE: this is taken to be approximately equivalent to BFO ''ProcessAggregate'', but in BFO this is disjoint from ''ProcessualContext'' whereas in COSMO ''ProcessualContext'' is a subtype of ''EventGroup''. The disjoint assertion has been omitted in COSMO. BFO 'ProcessAggregate': BFO: Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a mereological sum of process [span:Process] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries. BFO: Examples: the beating of the hearts of each of seven individuals in the room, the playing of each of the members of an orchestra, a process of digestion and a process of thinking taken together. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :ProcessualEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :EventIndexedTimeInterval a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TimeInterval that is specified, not by its actual numerical location on the time line (universal calendar), but by its co-occurence with some known Event. To say 'He was born during World War II' is to specify that he was born during the TimeInterval coinciding with World War II. In this case, 'World War II' refers to an EventIndexedTimeInterval, which is a TimeInterval, not an Event. Instances of this type can be used in various ways. In one case, an assertion may state: 'That light is on only when there is a person in room 23'. A type of PersistentState would be defined in which some person is in that room, e.g. 'SomePersonIsInRoom23', and a type of TimeInterval 'TimeWhenaPersonIsInRoom23', which is an EventIndexedTimeInterval indexed to the Event 'SomePersonIsInRoom23'. There would then be a restriction between the EventType of that light being on and the EventIndexedtimeInterval 'TimeWhenaPersonIsInRoom23'. Though this sounds This corresponds to element 6.6 in the Omega Codebook 'EventAsTime'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ] . :EventRelativistic :ldoce "event" ; :wnsense "event3n" ; :wordnet "event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'EventRelativistic' is something that is located at a particular point in space-time. This is a specialized technical concept, not needed in most applications. It is here just to locate this concept, often seen in populat science literature, within this ontology. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'event' in WordNet: 3. event - (a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InstantaneousEvent . :EventSeries a :GroupType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EventSeries'' is a Group of Events in which one can be considered the ''Initial'' (''FirstOfaSeries''), but the Events are not necessarily sequential and may overlap, and after the first, several may start and continue without restriction on the number of duration of the component Events. The series ''ordering'' is on the starting tie of each component Event. Very general. For a 'ChronologicallyOrdered' ''EventSeries'' use subtype ''ChronologicalSequence''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :EventSeriesPhase :wnsense "phase2n", "stage1n" ; :wordnet "phase", "stage" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EventSeriesPhase'' is a TimeInterval that is contemporary with one or more Events in a ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' and whose beginning and end time points sepearate one type of ''action'' in the series from another type of ''Action''. Each ''ActionSeriesPhase'' is contained within the TimeInterval that is defined by the beginning time and ending tie of the ActionSeries. This type is not a subtype of 'ProcessStage' because it is not necessarily caused by some transition Event, as a ProcessStage must be, although there should be some distinctive character to separate the attributes of the different ''ActionSeriesPhase''s, However, it does seem to be included in the sense 1 of WordNet 'stage'. WN 'stage' noun in WordNet: 1. phase, stage - (any distinct time period in a sequence of events; 'we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReiterativeEventSeries ] . :EventTrajectory a :EventType, :GroupType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EventTrajectory'' is the generic location of a ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' in which each component ''TimeAndPlace'' is the location for one of the Events in the series. NOTE: This can be used to represent both the time and location of any Event particularly an Event in which the location of the participants changes from time to time, and the change of location is significant to the intended meaning (e.g. a 'parade'). The alternative is to specify a location that includes *all* the locations over time, and a ''TimeInterval'' that includes all the time from start to finish of the Event. **Therefore** in order to represent the various locations of a moving event, one may use the ''occurredAt'' relation to point to an instance of ''EventTrajectory'', which is a subtype of ''Genericlocation''. For a TimeInterval that represents part of an ''EventTrajectory'' uses an ''EventSeriesPhase''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatiotemporalRegionSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimeAndPlace ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :EventType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Event as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemporalThingType . :Eventual :contrastsWith :Initial ; :wnsense "eventual1adj" ; :wordnet "eventual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Eventual'' is a subtype of ''Subsequent''that specifies that the thing (usually an Event or state) modified by the adjective existed or will exist or is expected to exist as the end state of some ongoing Event or series of Events, *after* other event(s) of the same type. The contrasting *start* of the prolonged Event or series of Events is indicated by the attribute ''Initial''. NOTE that this can refer to past Events when recounting a history of something 'his eventual death'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eventual' in Wordnet: 1. (4) eventual - (expected to follow in the indefinite future from causes already operating; 'hope of eventual (or ultimate) rescue'; 'if this trend continues it is not reasonable to expect the eventual collapse of the stock market') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Subsequent . :EvergreenPlant :guid "c0fdff40-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "evergreen1n" ; :wordnet "evergreen" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Plant-Woody. Each instance of #$EvergreenPlant is a plant that retains its leaves or needles throughout all the seasons of the year. See also the collection #$DeciduousPlant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'evergreen' in WordNet: 1. evergreen, evergreen plant - (a plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant-Woody . :EvergreenTree a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tree'' that keeps its leaves in the winter. Contrasts with ''DeciduousTree''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tree . :Everybody :en "everybody", "everyone" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Everybody'' is some ''GroupOfPeople'' (in some context) that includes all the people specified by some criterion - all with some qualifying attribute, all in some location, all performing some action, etc. If no qualifier is specified, it can mean every human being, but that is rarely the literal usage - when unqualified, it means all or almost all people who are significant in some context. It may simply be used as a metaphorical intensifier: 'Everybody knows that!' NOTE: this notion is also represented as the pronoun (''Word'') ''everyone''. RHW 'everybody' (pronoun): every person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :Everyday :en "everyday" ; :enadj "everyday" ; :wnsense "daily1adj", "day-after-day1adj", "day-to-day1adj", "every day1adj" ; :wordnet "daily", "day-after-day", "day-to-day", "every day" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Everyday'' is a subattribute of ''Routine'' that characterizes Actions or states that occur or persist every day (during some interval of time), or almost every day. For the latter, things that occur every weekday (as working tasks) would be ''Everyday'' in this interpretation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'every day' in Wordnet: 1. daily, day-to-day, day-after-day, every day - (occurring or done each day; 'a daily record'; 'day-by-day labors of thousands of men and women'- H.S.Truman; 'her day-after-day behavior'; 'an every day occurrence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frequent, :Routine . :Everywhere :ldoce "everywhere" ; :wnsense "all over2adv", "everyplace1adv", "everywhere1adv" ; :wordnet "all over", "everyplace", "everywhere" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'everywhere' literally means 'in all places' and is sometimes used in that sense ('God is everwhere'). But it is usually intended to be interepreted as 'every place (or many places) within some previously or subsequently referenced region, ar with certain specified restriction(s)', as in 'we walked into the room, and there were toys everywhere.' 'Good girls go to heaven; bad girls go everywhere.' In this sense it is related to 'every', 'everyone' and 'everything', which see. There is only one sense of 'everywhere' in Random House Webster: RHW: in every place or part; in all places. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'everywhere' in WordNet: 1. (19) everywhere, everyplace, all over - (to or in any or all places; 'You find fast food stores everywhere'; 'people everywhere are becoming aware of the problem'; 'he carried a gun everywhere he went'; 'looked all over for a suitable gift'; ('everyplace' is used informally for 'everywhere')) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Evicting :wnsense "evict2v", "force out5v" ; :wordnet "evict", "force out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for evicting a ''Resident'' of some property by a legal process. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'evict' in WordNet: 2. evict, force out - (expel from one's property or force to move out by a legal process; 'The landlord evicted the tenants after they had not paid the rent for four months') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpellingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Resident ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residing ; owl:onProperty :terminatesState ] . :Evidence :ldoce "evidence" ; :wnsense "evidence1n", "evidence2n", "evidence3n", "grounds1n", "sign1n" ; :wordnet "evidence", "grounds", "sign" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Evidence is anything (an observation, a PhysicalObject, an argument from a knowledgeable expert) that tends to prove or disprove an Assertion; since it is something that provides knowledge of something other than itself, it is a Sign. This is a heterogeneous category. The common factor in all kinds of ''Evidence'' is that it contains ''EvidentiaryInformation'', primrily information about the occurrence of some ''Event''. NOTE that ''Existence'' is an ''Event'', so ''Evidence'' can be a sign of something existing. This corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'evidence' in RHW: 1. that which tends to prove or disprove something; ground for belief; proof. 2. something that makes plain or clear; an indication or sign: His flushed look was visible evidence of his fever. NOTE: the difference between 'evidence' and 'sign' (sense 1) is difficult to discern, and these are taken as synonyms. Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'evidence' and sense 1 of 'sign'; sense 1 of ''Evidence'' is represented as ''EvidentiaryInformation'', the stuff that is *contained* in ''Evidence'': in WordNet: 2. (24) evidence - (an indication that makes something evident; 'his trembling was evidence of his fear') 3. (7) evidence - ((law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved) WN noun 'sign': 1. (19) sign, mark - (a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened); 'he showed signs of strain'; 'they welcomed the signs of spring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :Sign, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :Event :Observation ) ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EvidentiaryInformation ; owl:onProperty :contains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :supportsProposition ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proposition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImplyingSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reasoning ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inferring ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evidentiary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isEvidenceFor ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Fact :Event :Conclusion :EventType ) ] ] . :Evidentiary :isAnAttributeValueOf :Evidence ; :pertainsTo :Evidence ; :wnsense "evidentiary1adj", "evidentiary2adj" ; :wordnet "evidentiary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Evidentiary'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Evidence'' or an act of giving evidence (as in 'evidentiary proceedings'). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and part of sense 2 ('servig as') of 'evidentiary' in Wordnet: 1. evidentiary - (pertaining to or constituting evidence; 'evidentiary technique'; 'an evidentiary fact') 2. evidential, evidentiary - (serving as or based on evidence; 'evidential signs of a forced entry'; 'its evidentiary value') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EvidentiaryInformation :wnsense "evidence1n", "grounds1n" ; :wordnet "evidence", "grounds" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EvidentiaryInformation'' is 'Information' conveyed by ''Evidence'' which can be an Object or a Communication.. NOTE that ''EvidentiaryInformation'', like ''Information'' is a 'substance' which may be contained in Objects such as PhysicalObjects or the content of a communication. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'evidence' in WordNet: 1. (54) evidence, grounds - (your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; 'the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information . :Evil :ldoce "evil", "wicked" ; :wnsense "evil1adj", "wicked1adj", "wicked2adj" ; :wordnet "evil", "wicked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Bad in violating an important moral rule (of actions); habitually violating moral rules (of Agents). NOTE: being evil is considered worse than being merely bad, which could mean merely doing something that inconveniences or causes mild harm to someone. Evil is more intense and always deliberate, and usually causing harm to other people. The sense of having violated one of God's rules is represented by the subtype 'Sinful'. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'evil' and adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'wicked' in WordNet: WN 'evil': 1. (9) evil - (morally bad or wrong; 'evil purposes'; 'an evil influence'; 'evil deeds') WN 'wicked': 1. (2) wicked - (morally bad in principle or practice) 2. (1) sinful, unholy, wicked - (having committed unrighteous acts; 'a sinful person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immoral, :Improper, :Salient . :EvilDeed :ldoce "evil" ; :wnsense "evil1n", "evildoing1n", "immorality2n", "iniquity2n", "transgression1n", "wickedness1n" ; :wordnet "evil", "evildoing", "immorality", "iniquity", "transgression", "wickedness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action by a Person or GroupOfPeople that is, by some criterion, morally Evil - it must be deliberate to qualify. This should be more reprehensible than ''WrongDoing'' but @ToDo - th distinctions have not yet (rev1489) been made. ('Naughtiness' is reserved for children) NOTE that sense 2 does not appear to be necessarily a deliberate act, so this WN sense is not included here: in WordNet: 1. (6) evil, immorality, wickedness, iniquity - (morally objectionable behavior) 2. (4) evil - (that which causes harm or destruction or misfortune; 'the evil that men do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones'- Shakespeare) WN noun 'evildoing': 1. transgression, evildoing - (the act of transgressing; the violation of a law or a duty or moral principle; 'the boy was punished for the transgressions of his father') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Wrongdoing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evil ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evildoer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Evildoer a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Evildoer'' is a ''Wrongdoer'' who has performed an ''EvilDeed'' - worse that just ''Wrongdoing''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrongdoer' in WordNet: 1. wrongdoer, offender - (a person who transgresses moral or civil law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadGuy, :Wrongdoer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EvilDeed ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Evocative :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Remembering ; :wnsense "evocative1adj", "redolent1adj", "remindful1adj", "reminiscent1adj" ; :wordnet "evocative", "redolent", "remindful", "reminiscent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Evocative'' is an attribute of Objects or Events that bring to mind memories, i.e. cause remembering things.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'evocative' in Wordnet: 1. evocative, redolent, remindful, reminiscent - (serving to bring to mind; 'cannot forbear to close on this redolent literary note'- Wilder Hobson; 'a campaign redolent of machine politics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :EvokingaMemory :wnsense "elicit1v", "evoke5v", "paint a picture1v", "suggest5v" ; :wordnet "elicit", "evoke", "paint a picture", "suggest" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EvokingaMemory'' is a ''Reminding'' that is also an ''ArousingAnEmotion'' Event that causes mental images, sounds, sights, and other remembered perceptions and Feelings to become part of the conscious short-term memory. NOTE: WN senses of 'evoke' 1 (''ArousingAnEmotion'') and this subtype seem very similar, almost inditinguishable. This type is being repurposed to be specific for evoking a memory, and the term 'elicit' in the parent synset will also be applied here. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 5 of 'evoke' in WordNet: 5. suggest, evoke, paint a picture - (call to mind; 'this remark evoked sadness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArousingAnEmotion, :Reminding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Remembering ] . :Evolution :wnsense "development2n", "evolution1n", "evolve2v" ; :wordnet "development", "evolution", "evolve" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is 'Evolution' as an Event, not as a FunctionalProcess (which is another view of Evolution - see 'DevelopmentProcess'). 'Evolution' is a 'Group' of events, each of which is a change ('BecomingEvent'). This concept captures the notion of a significant change as the end result of a number of smaller changes. For biological 'evolution' use the subtype ''BiologicalEvolution''. NOTE that the type ''BiologicalEvolution'' is an instance of ''AgentType''. Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'evolution' and verb sense 2 of 'evolve' in Wordnet; an 'Evolution' in which the state becomes more advanced, better, or more complicated is the subtype 'Development': in WordNet: 1. (5) development, evolution - (a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage); 'the development of his ideas took many years'; 'the evolution of Greek civilization'; 'the slow development of her skill as a writer') 2. evolution, organic evolution, phylogeny, phylogenesis - ((biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms) WN verb 'evolve': 2. (3) evolve - (undergo development or evolution; 'Modern man evolved a long time ago') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :EventGroup ; owl:disjointWith :PersistingEvent . :Evolutionary :pertainsTo :BiologicalEvolution, :Evolution ; :wnsense "evolutionary1adj" ; :wordnet "evolutionary" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Evolutionary'' is the attribute Pertaining to any form of ''Evolution'' including ''BiologicalEvolution''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'evolutionary' in Wordnet: 1. (1) evolutionary - (of or relating to or produced by evolution; 'evolutionary biology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :EvolutionaryFunction :en "evolutionary function" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EvolutionaryFunction'' is a ''Function'' (a ''Capability'') of a biological Object (Organ, system, or other part of an organism). The ''Function''s of organic objects developed by evolution are in most cases represented as the ''PhysiologicalProcess'' that are enabled by the logical ''Function''s which are ''Capability''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Function . :Ewe :wnsense "ewe3n" ; :wordnet "ewe" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A female sheep. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'ewe' in WordNet: 3. ewe - (female sheep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemaleAnimal, :Sheep . :Ex-Husband :wnsense "ex-husband1n", "ex1n" ; :wordnet "ex", "ex-husband" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Ex-Husband'' is the Role of a Man who was the Husband of a Person but is no longer. The ''Ex-Husband'' may have remarried, but is still the ''''Ex-Husband''. The Person to whom she was married will be specified in the value of the ''Divorce'' pointed to in the restriction ''roleIsAssumedInEvent''. Where same-sex marriage is allowed, the partner of a 'husband' could be called a 'husband', thus he was not necessarily 'a woman's partner'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ex-husband' in WordNet: 1. (1) ex-husband, ex - (a man who was formerly a certain woman's husband) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man, :RoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Divorce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Divorced ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ex-Wife ; owl:onProperty :hasConverseCorrelatedAgent ] . :Ex-Wife :en "ex-wife" ; :enn "ex-wife" ; :wnsense "ex2n", "exwife1n" ; :wordnet "ex", "exwife" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Ex-Wife'' is the Role of a Woman who was the Wife of a Person but is no longer. The ''Ex-Wife'' may have remarried, but is still the ''''Ex-Wife''. The Person to whom she was married will be specified in the value of the ''Divorce'' pointed to in the restriction ''roleIsAssumedInEvent''. Where same-sex marriage is allowed, the partner of a 'wife' could be called a 'wife', thus she was not necessarily 'a man's partner'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ex-wife' in WordNet: 1. exwife, ex - (a woman who was formerly a particular man's wife; 'all his exes live in Texas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoleCreatedByEvent, :Woman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Divorce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Divorced ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ex-Husband ; owl:onProperty :hasConverseCorrelatedAgent ] . :Exact :hasAdverbialForm :Exactly ; :indicatesConformanceTo :RealWorld ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inaccurate ; :ldoce "exact" ; :wnsense "accurate1adj", "accurate2adj", "exact2adj", "precise2adj" ; :wordnet "accurate", "exact", "precise" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Conforming closely to the actual state of the world (or context) that is being represented: of images, recordings, and measurements. The binary truth value of assertions is represented by 'YesOrNo'. For instruments that perform exact measurement, use 'Precise'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exact' and senses 1 and 2 of 'accurate' and sense 2 of 'precise' in WordNet; however, (1) truth values are not included in this type; (2) the sense in 'an accurate scale' is not included - that is the separate attribute 'Precise' for instruments; and (3) senses 1 and 2 of 'accurate' in WordNet are difficult to distinguish; sense 2 appears to be intended to represent a closer conformity to fact than sense 1, but no criterion for distinguishing the two is evident - so the sense of 'highly accurate' or 'very precise' is represented by 'HighlyAccurate' in COSMO, and in an interpretation of a text would require some indication of a high degree of accuracy to assign that more specific value to an attribute. WN 'exact': in WordNet: 2. (7) accurate, exact, precise - ((of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct; 'a precise image'; 'a precise measurement') WN 'accurate': 1. (14) accurate - (conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy; 'an accurate reproduction'; 'the accounting was accurate'; 'accurate measurements'; 'an accurate scale') 2. (3) accurate, exact, precise - ((of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct; 'a precise image'; 'a precise measurement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conforming, :Good . :Exacting :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalSituation, :PurposefulAction, :Task ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unexacting ; :wnsense "exacting3adj", "exigent2adj" ; :wordnet "exacting", "exigent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: for people who are 'exacting' in making demands, use ''Demanding''. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'exacting' in Wordnet: 3. exigent, exacting - (requiring precise accuracy; 'an exacting job'; 'became more exigent over his pronunciation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Exactly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Exact ; :wnsense "exactly1n", "just2adv", "precisely1adv", "precisely2adv", "precisely3adv" ; :wordnet "exactly", "just", "precisely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exactly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify a variety of actions to express that the action was performed in a manner that corresponds precisely to what was intended or needed. Includes adverb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'exactly' in Wordnet: 1. (41) precisely, exactly, just - (indicating exactness or preciseness; 'he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do'; 'it was just as he said--the jewel was gone'; 'it has just enough salt') 2. (2) precisely, exactly, on the nose, on the dot, on the button - (just as it should be; ''Precisely, my lord,' he said') 3. precisely, incisively, exactly - (in a precise manner; 'she always expressed herself precisely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Exaggerated :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposition ; :wnsense "exaggerated1adj", "overdone1adj", "overstated1adj" ; :wordnet "exaggerated", "overdone", "overstated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exaggerated'' is a subtype of ''PartlyTrue'' for assertions that have an element of truth, but are overstated to the point where the literal interpretation is false. RHW: 1. unduly or unrealistically magnified: to have an exaggerated opinion of oneself. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exaggerated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) exaggerated, overdone, overstated - (represented as greater than is true or reasonable; 'an exaggerated opinion of oneself') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Exaggerating :wnsense "amplify2v", "exaggerate1v", "exaggeration3n", "hyerbolise1v", "hyperbolize1v", "magnification3n", "magnify2v", "overdraw2v", "overstate1v", "overstatement1n" ; :wordnet "amplify", "exaggerate", "exaggeration", "hyerbolise", "hyperbolize", "magnification", "magnify", "overdraw", "overstate", "overstatement" ; a :ActionType, :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exaggerating'' is an ''Informing'' in which the information conveyed is exaggerated, For any purpose, such as creating a favorable imoression of the speaker on the listeners (see subtype 'Bragging'') or as an arguing tactic to convince a listener of something that cannot be easily proven Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exaggerate'' in WordNet: 1. (14) overstate, exaggerate, overdraw, hyperbolize, hyerbolise, magnify, amplify - (to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth; 'tended to romanticize and exaggerate this 'gracious Old South' imagery') WN noun 'exaggeration': 3. exaggeration, overstatement, magnification - (making to seem more important than it really is) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Misinforming, :RhetoricalManeuver, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exaggeration ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Exaggeration :wnsense "exaggeration1n", "hyperbole1n" ; :wordnet "exaggeration", "hyperbole" ; a :ObjectType, :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Exaggeration'' is ''Misinformation'' that is exaggerated,produced by an ''Exaggerating'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exaggeration' in WordNet: 1. (1) hyperbole, exaggeration - (extravagant exaggeration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Misinformation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exaggerated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Examining :en "examining", "probing" ; :ldoce "examine" ; :wnsense "examine3v", "examine4v", "probe1v" ; :wordnet "examine", "probe" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Questioning someone carefully or systematically, whether to test that person's knowledge of a subject, or to test a person's skill, or to probe some issue such as guilt for an action. For examining objects or people for purposes other than testing knowledge, use ''Inspection''. For a medical examination, use ''MedicalExamination''. Corresponds to verb senses 3 and 4 of 'examine' in WordNet; these two senses could not be distinguished. WN 'examine': in WordNet: 3. (7) probe, examine - (question or examine thoroughly and closely) 4. (2) examine - (question closely) WN 'probe': 1. (7) probe, examine - (question or examine thoroughly and closely) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :ExaminingRoom :en "examination room", "examining room" ; :guid "c0fd68f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Rooms in a medical facility which are used when the doctor (nurse, etc.) is performing the exam, or doing simple procedures. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room . :Example :ldoce "example" ; :wnsense "example1n", "illustration3n", "instance2n", "representative4n" ; :wordnet "example", "illustration", "instance", "representative" ; a :InheritableType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Example' is an instance of some entity type - physical, abstract, object, event, whatever - that serves as a familiar entity that can help a listener or reader of a text to understand the meaning of a type. In Wordnet this is a subtype of 'information' - but in COSMO this is a Role that any instance of any type can play. The hierarchy differs significantly from WordNet's in this case. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'example', sense 3 of 'illustration', sense 2 of 'instance', and sense 4 of 'representative' in WordNet: 1. (63) example, illustration, instance, representative - (an item of information that is representative of a type; 'this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome'; 'there is an example on page 10') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Instance . :ExanimateThing :guid "c0d2c2fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An important specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$ExanimateThing is an individual that is typically regarded as truly inanimate, or non-agentive in the sense that it is utterly incapable of any subjective or mental experience.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateThing . :Excavating :wnsense "dig4n", "digging1n", "excavation1n" ; :wordnet "dig", "digging", "excavation" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Excavating'' is a type of ''DiggingAHole' of some size larger than a cubic meter, for the purpose of either: (1) obtaining something buried (subtype ''DiscoveringByExcavating'') - as in Prospecting or Archeological exploration. or: (2) moving earth in any quantity in preparation for constructing structure(s). or (3) removing Soil in a mine (''Mining'') These three types are subtypes. WN noun 'excavation': 1. (2) excavation, digging, dig - (the act of digging; 'there's an interesting excavation going on near Princeton') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiggingInTheGround, :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoilObject ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :ExcavatingForConstruction :wnsense "excavate3v" ; :wordnet "excavate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExcavatingForConstruction'' is a subtype of ''Excavating'' usually to prepare the ground for .constructing structures (including roads and reservoirs and canals) on top of that site, but 'excavating a basement' in an existing structure is included.. . Bulldozers and backhoes, steam shovels and front loaders 'front-end loader'), among other devices, do this. In some cases explosives may be used - e.g. PanamaCanal. WN sense 3 is the closest sense, though the gloss does not give enogh detail to be sure this applies exactly. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'excavate' (not for teeth!!) in WordNet: 3. excavate - (form by hollowing; 'Carnegie had a lake excavated for Princeton University's rowing team'; 'excavate a cavity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excavating . :Excavation-Hole :guid "c0a3f032-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "excavation3n" ; :wordnet "excavation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of holes or digging made by some agent, typically human beings, for some working purpose. For example, a mine shaft, the cavity resulting from an archeological excavation would be instances of this collection or preferably some of its specialization. NOTE that this is a PhysicalObject, so a hole dug in the ground, represented by this catgagory, would necessarily include the walls, not just the empty space of the hole. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'excavation' in WordNet: 3. excavation - (a hole in the ground made by excavating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :CavityWithWalls, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Excavator :wnsense "digger2n", "excavator2n", "power shovel1n", "shovel4n" ; :wordnet "digger", "excavator", "power shovel", "shovel" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense of 'excavator' in WordNet: 2. power shovel, excavator, digger, shovel - (a machine for excavating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarthMovingVehicle, :HumanSizedObject, :SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice, :SinglePurposeDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excavating ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Exceeding :wnsense "exceed1v", "surpass4v", "transcend1v" ; :wordnet "exceed", "surpass", "transcend" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Exceeding'' is an Event (including PersistentStates) in which some entity (of any type) is or becomes greater than (in some sense) than another entity. The terms 'exceed', 'transcend' and 'surpass' are used in many different contexts. Subtype may be needed for more specificity in meaning. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'surpass' in WordNet: 4. exceed, transcend, surpass - (go beyond; 'Their loyalty exceeds their national bonds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :ExceedingSomething a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ExceedingSomething'' is an Event (including PersistentStates) in which some entity (of any type) is or becomes greater than (in some sense) than another entity. The terms 'exceed', 'transcend' and 'surpass' are used in many different contexts. Subtype may be needed for more specificity in meaning. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'surpass' in WordNet: 4. exceed, transcend, surpass - (go beyond; \"Their loyalty exceeds their national bonds\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exceeding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingLarger ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :ExceedingaCapacity :wnsense "exceed1v", "surpass4v", "transcend1v" ; :wordnet "exceed", "surpass", "transcend" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExceedingaCapacity'' is an ''ExceedingSomething'' in which the 'something' is the capacity of a Container or ''FlowPath''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExceedingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Overflowing ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Excellence :wnsense "excellence1n" ; :wordnet "excellence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A higher degree of Goodness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'excellence' in WordNet: 1. (2) excellence - (the quality of excelling; possessing good qualities in high degree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goodness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excellent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Excellent :isMoreIntenseThan :VeryGood ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Excellence ; :isTheOppositeOf :Execrable ; :ldoce "excellent", "great" ; :wnsense "excellent1adj", "fantabulous1adj", "first-class1adj" ; :wordnet "excellent", "fantabulous", "first-class" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A higher degree of Goodness than 'VeryGood'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'excellent' in WordNet: 1. (19) excellent, first-class, fantabulous - (of the highest quality; 'made an excellent speech'; 'the school has excellent teachers'; 'a first-class mind') WN WN also referred to as 'great', as in 'a great job' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VeryGood . :Excelling :wnsense "excel1v", "stand out2v", "surpass1v" ; :wordnet "excel", "stand out", "surpass" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Excelling'' is a 'DoingSomething'' of any kind that can be evaluated for quality, and doing it much better than the average Person does it, though not necessarily 'perfectly', and thus in the process ''ExhibitingaQuality'' of ''Ecellence''. NOTE: the difference between this and the ''PersistentState'' of ''Excellence'' (being ''Excellent'') is subtle, and this type represents the ''BecomingEvent'' (when something changes) that demonstrates ('exhibits') that a Person has the ''Quality'' of ''Excellence''. This type of relation between Transitive actions and Quaitities is not yet (rev 1695) commonly represented in COSMO. Other examples of ''ExhibitingaQuality' are represented,but not many Qualities have single words characterizing the manner of exhibiting that Quality. WN has no parent type for this synset. - tough to classify relaive to WN synsets. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'excel' in WordNet: 1. (2) excel, stand out, surpass - (distinguish oneself; 'She excelled in math') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingSomething, :ExhibitingaQuality, :MakingSomethingNoticeable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Excellence ; owl:onProperty :showsEvidenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :ExceptingSomething :en "excepting", "excluding", "omitting" ; :ldoce "except" ; :wnsense "except2v", "exception1n", "exclude1v", "exclusion3n", "leave out1v", "omit1v" ; :wordnet "except", "exception", "exclude", "exclusion", "leave out", "omit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To fail to include or prevent from including something in considering a Group of items. ''ExceptingSomething'' Is a''SkippingOverSomething'' Action (or part of a series of events) where an Agent **intentionally** does not do something to one of a list of things that the agent *does* do to others. The Action that is done to other things that its not done to the thing 'skipped' is pointed to by the relation ''hasAttemptedAction''. The Event that did not happen is pointed to by the (inherited)relation 'hasEventNotOccurring'; the thing 'skipped' (object, event, whatever) is pointed to by the ''hasThingSkipped'' relation. 'The price includes everything excepting the shipping charge' NOTE that 'ExceptingSomething' is the action-opposite of 'IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate' @TODo: ???NOTE: this one possible subevent of the action 'Collecting' (which see). Conceptually, it is a necessary subevent, since no act of 'Collecting' is intended to bring everything together, rather just certain types or individuals. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exclude' verb sense 2 of 'except'and verb sense 1 of 'omit' and noun sense 1 of 'exception' in WordNet: 1. (10) exclude, except, leave out, leave off, omit, take out - (prevent from being included or considered or accepted; 'The bad results were excluded from the report'; 'Leave off the top piece') WN Also Corresponds to sense 1 of'omit' in WN - WN however 'leave off the top piece' seems to be a different sense in WN - WN verb 'except' 2. (1) exclude, except, leave out, leave off, omit, take out - (prevent from being included or considered or accepted; 'The bad results were excluded from the report'; 'Leave off the top piece') WN noun 'exception': 1. (18) exception, exclusion, elision - (a deliberate act of omission; 'with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkippingOverSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSkipped ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate ; owl:onProperty :hasTheReverseEffectOf ] . :Exception :wnsense "counterexample1n", "exception2n" ; :wordnet "counterexample", "exception" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Exception' is an 'Example' of some entity type that does not conform to some rule - 'the exception that proves the rule'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'exception' and part (not a 'refutation') of sense 1 of 'counterexample' in WordNet: 2. (8) exception - (an instance that does not conform to a rule or generalization; 'all her children were brilliant; the only exception was her last child'; 'an exception tests the rule') WN noun 'counterexample': 1. counterexample - (refutation by example) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Example . :Excerpt :wnsense "excerpt1n", "excerption1n", "extract2n", "selection5n" ; :wordnet "excerpt", "excerption", "extract", "selection" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Excerpt'' is a Physical Text that is part of a larger text. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'excerpt' in WordNet: 1. excerpt, excerption, extract, selection - (a passage selected from a larger work; 'he presented excerpts from William James' philosophical writings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, :Paper-IBO, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Passage ] . :Excessive :en "too much", "too much of" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ExceedingSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :NotExcessive ; :wnsense "excessive1adj", "inordinate1adj", "undue4adj", "unreasonable2adj" ; :wordnet "excessive", "inordinate", "undue", "unreasonable" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :VerbalQuantifier, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Excessive'' is a subclass of ''LotsOf'' serving as a quantifier that is relative or vague, but indicates that the quantity is so large as to be in some way ''Bad''. In WN 'too much' is only an adverb. It is used here as an adjective. 'too much information - TMI'. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'excessive' in WordNet: 1. (7) excessive, inordinate, undue, unreasonable - (beyond normal limits; 'excessive charges'; 'a book of inordinate length'; 'his dress stops just short of undue elegance'; 'unreasonable demands') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LotsOf, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute . :ExcessiveAlcoholConsumption :en "excessive alcohol consumption" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExcessiveAlcoholConsumption'' is a form of 'DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage' which causes some deleterious after effect, short term (e.g. hangover, drunkenness that results in some harmful event) or long-term (e.g. addiction, high blood pressure, bad behavior, or deteriorating health such as liver damage or cancer). NOTE: bad effects can be listed specifically when desired in the 'mayCause' restriction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingAnAlcoholicBeverage, :SubstanceAbuse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excessive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AilmentCondition :AilmentType ) ] ] . :Exchange :ldoce "exchange" ; :wnsense "change6v", "commutation4n", "exchange1v", "exchange3n", "exchange3v", "exchange4n", "exchange4v", "exchange8n", "exchange9n", "interchange1v", "interchange3n", "substitution2n", "switch over1v", "switch1v" ; :wordnet "change", "commutation", "exchange", "interchange", "substitution", "switch", "switch over" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which one object (or substance) is replaced by another; this includes substitutions as well as reciprocal exchanges between agents. This is very general, and includes Events which are not change of possession, as well as change of possession. This includes informal exchanges, therefore is not necessarily a subtype of 'transaction' An event in which one part of a device is removed and replaced by another is an instance of Exchange; a trade of one object in return for another is also an Exchange. The switching of one functional part or substance for another is best represented by the subtype ''Substitution''. For change of possession use the subtype ''Transaction'' NOTE: With 'DualObjectEvent'as a parent, (at least one) PairOfObjects exchanged must be specified. Includes verb senses 3, and 4 and noun sense 3, 4, 8, and 9 of 'exchange' in WordNet: WN verb 'exchange' 1. (10) exchange, change, interchange - (give to, and receive from, one another; 'Would you change places with me?'; \"We have been exchanging letters for a year\") 3. (1) switch over, switch, exchange - (change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence) 4. exchange - (hand over one and receive another, approximately equivalent; 'exchange prisoners'; 'exchange employees between branches of the company') WN noun 'exchange': 3. (3) exchange - (the act of changing one thing for another thing; 'Adam was promised immortality in exchange for his disobedience'; 'there was an exchange of prisoners') 4. (3) exchange - (the act of giving something in return for something received; 'deductible losses on sales or exchanges of property are allowable') 8. exchange, interchange - (reciprocal transfer of equivalent sums of money especially the currencies of different countries; 'he earns his living from the interchange of currency') 9. substitution, exchange, commutation - (the act of putting one thing or person in the place of another: 'he sent Smith in for Jones but the substitution came too late to help') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :DualObjectEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Switched ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Exchangeable :isAnAttributeValueOf :ConvertibleSecurity ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Exchange ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Exchange ; :wnsense "convertible1adj", "exchangeable2adj" ; :wordnet "convertible", "exchangeable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exchangeable'' (more commonly called 'Convertible') is the attribute of a ''ConvertibleSecurity'' (a type of ''FinancialSecurity'') that can be converted (changed) from one type of security to another of equal value. This exchange may not be reversible. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exchangeable' in Wordnet: 2. convertible, exchangeable - (capable of being exchanged for or replaced by something of equal value; 'convertible securities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Excising :wnsense "excise1v", "expunge1v", "scratch5v", "strike14v" ; :wordnet "excise", "expunge", "scratch", "strike" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Excising'' is a ''DeletingSomething'' where the 'something' is some part of a text, using physical means such as erasure or writing over the thing to be excised. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'excise' in WordNet: 1. (1) strike, scratch, expunge, excise - (remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line; 'Please strike this remark from the record'; 'scratch that remark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeletingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TextPart ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :Excited :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Excitement ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ExcitingEvent ; :wnsense "excited1adj" ; :wordnet "excited" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Excitement, as in 'excited by the prospect of (success, advancement, winning, etc.)'. May include some degree of anticipation of good things to come. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'excited' in WordNet: 1. (4) excited - (in an aroused state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Excitedly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Excited ; :wnsense "excitedly1adv", "with excitement1adv" ; :wordnet "excitedly", "with excitement" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'excitedly' in Wordnet: 1. (8) excitedly, with excitement - (in an excited manner; 'she shook his hand excitedly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Excitement :guid "bd58c086-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "excitement1n" ; :wordnet "excitement" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pleasant Feeling caused by something good happening or the anticipation of something good happening. Cyc: A feeling of arousal that stirs up, moves profoundly, or serves as a challenge to one's power, eliciting the desire to do or perceive something. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Excitement include #$Enthusiasm, #$Celebratory-Emotion, #$Triumph-TheFeeling, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'excitement' and sense 1 of 'exhilaration' in WordNet: 1. (9) exhilaration, excitement - (the feeling of lively and cheerful joy; 'he could hardly conceal his excitement when she agreed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Joy . :Exciting :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Excitement ; :isTheOppositeOf :Boring, :Dull ; :ldoce "exciting" ; :wnsense "exciting1adj" ; :wordnet "exciting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of events or a piece of information that cause Excitement; the person experiencing the Event or learning the information becomes highly stimulated, not necessarily pleasantly (at the time). NOTE: this serves as both an Objective and subjective sense of 'exciting' - how a person evaluates something, and what the effects of an Event actually are. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exciting' in WordNet: 1. (12) exciting - (creating or arousing excitement; 'an exciting account of her trip') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Stimulating . :ExcitingEvent :ldoce "excite" ; :wnsense "agitate2v", "charge up1v", "charge14v", "commove1v", "excite5v", "rouse3v", "turn on5v" ; :wordnet "agitate", "charge", "charge up", "commove", "excite", "rouse", "turn on" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event which causes a person to become excited. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'excite' in WordNet: 5. agitate, rouse, turn on, charge, commove, excite, charge up - (cause to be agitated, excited, or roused; 'The speaker charged up the crowd with his inflammatory remarks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArousingAnEmotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excitement ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exciting ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Exclaiming :en "exclaiming" ; :wnsense "call out1v", "cry out1v", "cry3v", "exclaim1v", "outcry2v", "shout3v" ; :wordnet "call out", "cry", "cry out", "exclaim", "outcry", "shout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Uttering some short ''Exclamation'' as an expression of some emotion that suddenly arises. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exclaim' in Wordnet: 1. (8) exclaim, cry, cry out, outcry, call out, shout - (utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy; ''I won!' he exclaimed'; ''Help!' she cried'; ''I'm here,' the mother shouted when she saw her child looking lost') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CallingOut, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :Exclamation ] . :Exclamation :wnsense "exclamation1n" ; :wordnet "exclamation" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A suddenly emitted short word or phrase, usually expressing some emotion that occured suddenly and caused the ''Exclamation''. The WN word 'exclamation' includes both the act of exclaiming and the sounds produced. This type is only for the sounds produced. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'exclamation' in Wordnet: 1. (7) exclamation, exclaiming - (an abrupt excited utterance; 'she gave an exclamation of delight'; 'there was much exclaiming over it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Exclusive :isTheOppositeOf :Promiscuous ; :wnsense "exclusive2adj", "selective1adj", "selective2adj" ; :wordnet "exclusive", "selective" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exclusive'' is a property of a ''IntentionalAgent'' who is more intensely ''Selective'', especially with respect to choosing people with whom to perform activities. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exclusive' in Wordnet: 2. exclusive - (excluding much or all; especially all but a particular group or minority; 'exclusive clubs'; 'an exclusive restaurants and shops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selective . :ExclusiveNumberRange a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A NumberRange in which the lower number of the range is not included in the range, but the upper number is. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumberRange . :ExclusiveOption a :ActionType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ExclusiveOption' is an 'Options' for which the ActionGroup has only one member. This is useful to represent, for example, an Option to buy something at a a fixed price within a certain time period;the understood alternative is not to buy, but is not represented in the Options group.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Options, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :Excreting :en "excreting" ; :guid "bd58e63d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "egest1v", "eliminate5v", "excrete1v", "pass26v" ; :wordnet "egest", "eliminate", "excrete", "pass" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The process in which a living structure excretes useless substances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'excrete' in Wordnet: 1. excrete, egest, eliminate, pass - (eliminate from the body; 'Pass a kidney stone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalProductionEvent, :EmittingStuff . :ExcretionSubstance :guid "bd58cb42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Result of the excretion process. (See 'Excreting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySubstance, :PhysicalSubstance . :ExcruciatingPain :wnsense "torment1n", "torture2n" ; :wordnet "torment", "torture" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pain that is so intense it overwhelms a person, and makes concentration on any action impossible other than an attempt to alleviate the pain, or to bear with it until it passes; an unbearable pain. The pain of childbirth will usually be in this category, and the intentionally inflicted pain of some kinds of torture. See ''PhysicalTorture'' for an intentional act causing this. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'torment' in WordNet: 1. (1) torture, torment - (unbearable physical pain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SharpPain, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalTorture ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unbearable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Excuse :ldoce "excuse" ; :wnsense "excuse1n" ; :wordnet "excuse" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An assertion of some facts that serve to mitigate or deny blame for an act or omission that is otherwise prima facie blameworthy. NOTE: an 'excuse' as used here is a mitigating circumstance that does not deny the commission of an act, whereas (in its older meaning, not included here) an 'alibi' is a fact that tends to prove that the accused did not in fact commit the blameworthy act. These have different meanings, and @ToDo r993 should be related but distinguished, perhaps by subtypes. Note that the term 'Alibi' itself in COSMO is used to refer to a location ('someplace else', its original Latin meaning, adopted in criminal law). In the Wordnet synset, 'alibi' is used essentially synonymously with 'excuse' rather than denial of the act. RHW 'alibi': 1. Law. the defense by an accused person of having been elsewhere at the time an alleged offense was committed. 2. an excuse, esp. to avoid blame. 3. a person used as one's excuse: My sick grandmother was my alibi for missing school. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'excuse' in WordNet. 1. (10) excuse, alibi, exculpation, self-justification - (a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.; 'he kept finding excuses to stay'; 'every day he had a new alibi for not getting a job'; 'his transparent self-justification was unacceptable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion . :Excusing :en "excusing" ; :ldoce "excuse" ; :wnsense "excuse1v" ; :wordnet "excuse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Granting pardon for some offense - often quite minor Corresponds to sense 1 of 'excuse' in Random House Webster: 1. to regard or judge with forgiveness or indulgence; pardon or forgive; overlook (a fault, error, etc.): Excuse his bad manners. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'excuse' in WordNet: 1. (2) excuse, pardon - (accept an excuse for; 'Please excuse my dirty hands') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOccurrence . :Excusively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Sole ; :ldoce "only" ; :wnsense "alone1adv", "entirely2adv", "exclusively1adv", "just1adv", "merely1adv", "only1adv", "only2adv", "simply1adv", "solely1adv" ; :wordnet "alone", "entirely", "exclusively", "just", "merely", "only", "simply", "solely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Excusively'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify various words and phrases indicating that the thing modified was the only one in the context.. NOTE: this is duplicated in 'Adverb' instance ''only-adv'' Which to use - depends on context. Correspond to adverb sense 1 of'exclusively' in WordNet: 1. (7) entirely, exclusively, solely, alone, only - (without any others being included or involved; 'was entirely to blame'; 'a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children'; 'he works for Mr. Smith exclusively'; 'did it solely for money'; 'the burden of proof rests on the prosecution alone'; 'a privilege granted only to him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Execrable :isMoreIntenseThan :VeryBad ; :isTheOppositeOf :Excellent, :Outstanding ; :wnsense "abominable1adj", "deplorable2adj", "detestable1adj", "detestable2adj", "execrable1adj", "execrable2adj", "miserable4adj", "odious1adj", "woeful2adj", "wretched1adj" ; :wordnet "abominable", "deplorable", "detestable", "execrable", "miserable", "odious", "woeful", "wretched" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A lower degree of Goodness than 'VeryBad'; extremely bad. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'execrable' in Wordnet: 1. deplorable, execrable, miserable, woeful, wretched - (of very poor quality or condition; 'deplorable housing conditions in the inner city'; 'woeful treatment of the accused'; 'woeful errors of judgment') 2. abominable, detestable, execrable, odious - (unequivocally detestable; 'abominable treatment of prisoners'; 'detestable vices'; 'execrable crimes'; 'consequences odious to those you govern'- Edmund Burke) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :ExecutingaProcedure :en "carrying out a procedure", "executing a procedure" ; :eng "executing" ; :wnsense "carry out1v", "carry out2v", "carrying out2n", "carrying out2v", "execute3v", "execution2n", "execution6n", "perform1v", "performance2n", "process6n" ; :wordnet "carry out", "carrying out", "execute", "execution", "perform", "performance", "process" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ExecutingaProcedure'' is a Group of ''Action''s prescribed by some ''Procedure''. The execution of a ''Procedure'' (which is a MentalObject) is,among other things, called a ''Process''. These two terms are notdifferentated in Wordnet, but are distinct in COSMO. The term ''Procedure'' is a Specification of steps to take to achieve a goal. A ''FunctionalProcess'' (and subtypes) is used for the actual physical group of Actions that execute the specified steps in the ''Procedure''. The same Wordnet sense can show up in COSMO types that are quite distinct. This is execution of a ''Procedure'' but the ''Procedure'' need not be formal or written, it can be some plan of action formulated ad hoc and carried out by an individual for their own purposes. Includes parts of noun senses 2 and 6 of 'execution' and noun sense 2 of 'performance' and verb sense 2 of 'carrying out' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'carry out' and verb sense 1 of 'perform' and verb sense 3 of 'execute' in WordNet: 2. (2) performance, execution, carrying out, carrying into action - (the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it; 'they criticised his performance as mayor'; 'experience generally improves performance') 6. execution, implementation, carrying out - (the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order; 'the agency was created for the implementation of the policy') WN verb 'carry out': 1. (26) carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil - (put in effect; 'carry out a task'; 'execute the decision of the people'; 'He actioned the operation') 2. (16) follow through, follow up, follow out, carry out, implement, put through, go through - (pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue; 'Did he go through with the treatment?'; 'He implemented a new economic plan'; 'She followed up his recommendations with a written proposal') WN verb 'perform': 1. (26) perform, execute, do - (carry out or perform an action; 'John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters'; 'the skater executed a triple pirouette'; 'she did a little dance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ActionGroup, :PerformingSomeAction, :ProcessiveAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ProcessStep ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExecutingaProcedure ; owl:onProperty :hadActionPerformed ] . :Execution-Judicial :guid "be581fb5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "capital punishment1n", "death penalty1n", "execute1v", "executing1n", "execution1n", "put to death1v" ; :wordnet "capital punishment", "death penalty", "execute", "executing", "execution", "put to death" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of (#$KillingFn #$HomoSapiens) and #$Punishing. Each element of #$Execution-Judicial is a judicially sanctioned action of putting a person to death as a punishment for some crime. Thus, it excludes Mafia 'hits' and euthanasia, even if the euthanasia is sanctioned by some part of the judicial system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'execution' in WordNet: 1. (4) execution, executing, capital punishment, death penalty - (putting a condemned person to death) WN verb 'execute': 1. (2) execute, put to death - (kill as a means of socially sanctioned punishment; 'In some states, criminals are executed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KillingaPerson, :Penalizing, :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent . :Executive :guid "bd58fadf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "executive1n" ; :wordnet "executive" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of people. An instance of #$Executive is a person who holds an executive managerial positions in some #$Organization. Among the members of #$Executive are top managers of organizations, including corporate officers (#$ChiefExecutiveOfficer, etc.), Chiefs of Staff, Generals, Admirals and others like Chief Corporate Counsel, Managing Partner, Producer, Chief Scientist, Chief Engineer, as well as other upper and upper-middle managers. In WordNet, 'executive' and 'administrator' are part of one synset, but in COSMO 'executive' is a subtype, and also in WordNet - ambiguity there:. in WordNet: 1. (3) executive, executive director - (a person responsible for the administration of a business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Administrator, :Leader . :ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization :guid "65f9081e-b4e1-41d8-962f-f637449fcd48" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of executive (law-enforcement, state department, national security) organizations which are part of some #$RegionalGovernment. The Executive branch is distinguished from legislative and judicial branches of government; this category specifies that an organization is part of the executive branch. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalGovernmentOrganization . :Executor :wnsense "executor1n" ; :wordnet "executor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Executor'' is a ''Fiduciary'' who manages and controls some ''EstateOfaPerson'' and arranges distribution of the estate to its Heirs and its other claimants according to the terms in the ''LastWillAndTestament''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'executor' in WordNet: 1. (2) executor - (a person appointed by a testator to carry out the terms of the will) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiduciary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom :EstateOfaPerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingProperty ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Exemplary :isAnAttributeValueOf :GoodExample ; :pertainsTo :GoodExample ; :wnsense "exemplary1adj", "model1adj" ; :wordnet "exemplary", "model" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exemplary' in Wordnet: 1. exemplary, model - (worthy of imitation; 'exemplary behavior'; 'model citizens') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ExemptingFromAnObligation :en "exempting from an obligation" ; :enn "exempting from an obligation" ; :wnsense "exempt1v", "free4v", "relieve3v" ; :wordnet "exempt", "free", "relieve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExemptingFromAnObligation'' is an Action the removes some Oblligation or Duty for some Action that must be performed or refrained from. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exempt' in WordNet: 1. (1) exempt, relieve, free - (grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to; 'She exempted me from the exam') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authority ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Exemption :wnsense "exemption1n", "freedom2n" ; :wordnet "exemption", "freedom" ; a :ActionType, :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exemption'' is state of not having an Obligation that usually applies to People in that category. This is often an exemption from some legal requirement (e.g. a draft exemption) but can be exemption from any ''Obligation'' imposed by any ''Authority'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exemption' in WordNet: 1. (4) exemption, freedom - (immunity from an obligation or duty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immunity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obligation ; owl:onProperty :isaFreedomFrom ] . :ExerciseDevice :wnsense "exercise device1n" ; :wordnet "exercise device" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ExerciseDevice'' is any Device specifically designed to be used in some ''ExercisingEvent''. A ''Gym'' is filled with such devices,but they can be found almost anywhere including in private homes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exercise device' in WordNet: 1. exercise device - (a device designed to provide exercise for the user) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExercisingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ExerciseProgram :en "exercise program" ; :eng "exercising" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specified set of exercises that a person performs, whether for sports training, weight loss, or merely to maintain muscle tone and general physical fitness. A single exercise does not constitute an ExerciseProgram, but one or more exercises performed on a more or less regular basis, at least (in intent) once per week, would be an ExerciseProgram. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DevisedStructuredActivity, :ProgramForPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProgrammedExercises ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :ExercisingCommandAndControl :en "exercising command" ; :enn "exercising command" ; :guid "c069aff2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of complex #$Events in which a commander in the Military Service exercises his authority over subordinates that are assigned to a mission in order to carry out the mission. The #$subEvents of any instance of #$ExercisingCommandAndControl will most likely include making use of any available resources required for the mission (e.g. personnel and equipment) and then planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, or controlling these resources, as well as any units assigned to the mission, in such a way that the mission is successfully carried out. Note that most of this comment is a near paraphrase of the definitions of 'command' (JP 1-02) and 'command and control' (C2) (JP 1-02) from chapter 1 of the Army field manual FM 101-5-1. See http://www-cgsc.army.mil/cdd/F545/F545.htm.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :ExercisingEvent :en "exercising", "working out" ; :guid "bd58ac02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasCorrespondingProcess :ExercisingProcess ; :ldoce "exercise" ; :wnsense "exercise1n", "exercise4v", "exercising1n", "physical exercise1n", "physical exertion1n", "work out4v", "workout1n" ; :wordnet "exercise", "exercising", "physical exercise", "physical exertion", "work out", "workout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExercisingEvent'' is a physical activity people do to maintain healthy bodily function and increase strength. It can be solitary, such as calisthenics, or done in a group, including casual sports. In the latter case, if any score is kept, it will also be a 'Competition'. This type of exercising is not necessarily done with gym exquipment. That is covered by ''GymnasticExercise\"''. Instances of 'Exercise' may or may not be a 'RecreationalActivity', depending on the purpose. Solitary Exercise will not in general be categorized as 'recreational', though casual sports may serve both recreational and Exercise functions. This corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 4 of 'Exercise' in WordNet: WN: noun 1. (26) exercise, exercising, physical exercise, physical exertion, workout - (the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit; 'the doctor recommended regular exercise'; 'he did some exercising'; 'the physical exertion required by his work kept him fit') WN: verb 4. (3) exercise, work out - (do physical exercise; 'She works out in the gym every day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GymnasticAction . :ExercisingProcess :en "exercising" ; :guid "bd58ac02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasCorrespondingEvent :ExercisingEvent ; :wnsense "exercise4n", "work out4v" ; :wordnet "exercise", "work out" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Process corresponding to an ExercisingEvent - modified from Cyc. Cyc: The collection of events in which humans move their bodies for the purpose of general physical conditioning and/or strengthening muscles. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exercise' in Wordnet: 4. (3) exercise, work out - (do physical exercise; 'she works out in the gym every day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingCareOfSomethingProcess . :ExertingEffort :wnsense "exertion1n" ; :wordnet "exertion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'ExertingEffort' is an Action in which some animal performs an action that is not very easy. This is a broad concept, so the amount of effort required is not necessarily great or stressful. For the human version use subtype ''HardWork''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'effort' and sense 1 of 'exertion' in WordNet: 2. (176) effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail, sweat - (use of physical or mental energy; hard work; 'he got an A for effort'; 'they managed only with great exertion') WN verb 'exert': 3. (1) exert - (make a great effort at a mental or physical task; 'exert oneself') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity . :Exhaling :en "breathing out", "exhaling" ; :guid "bd589d08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "breath" ; :wnsense "breath1n", "breathe out1v", "exhale1v" ; :wordnet "breath", "breathe out", "exhale" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TranslationAlongInternalLivingStructure, #$EmittingAnObject and #$BodilyFunctionEvent. Each instance of #$Exhaling is an event in which a gas is expelled from lungs. Important specializations include #$Sighing and #$BlowingAir. For the more specific type of event of the usually unconscious exhalation that is part of the normal breathing process, see #$Exhaling-BreathingOut. SUMO: Any instance of Breathing where the breath is expelled from the Lungs. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exhale' and noun sense 1 of 'breath' (,as in 'let out a breath') and verb sense of 'breathe' (as in 'breathe on it') and verb sense 1 of 'breathe out'in WordNet: WN verb 'exhale': 1. (2) exhale, expire, breathe out - (expel air; 'Exhale when you lift the weight') WN noun 'breath': 1. (15) breath - (the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing; 'he took a deep breath and dived into the pool'; 'he was fighting to his last breath') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :EmittingStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breathing ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirRespiration ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breath ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ] . :Exhausted :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Exhaustion ; :wnsense "dog-tired1adj", "exhausted1adj", "fagged1adj", "fatigued1adj", "played out1adj", "spent1adj", "washed-out1adj", "worn out1adj", "worn-out2adj" ; :wordnet "dog-tired", "exhausted", "fagged", "fatigued", "played out", "spent", "washed-out", "worn out", "worn-out" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of being so ''Tired'' that one has dificulty continuing to perform physical or mental effort; The attribute of someone experiencing physical or mental ''Exhaustion''. NOTE: 'worn-out' appears in some searches but not others to have two different adjective entries in WN, in both of which it has sense 1. But in this search it has sense 2. Odd. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exhausted' in WordNet: 1. (6) exhausted, dog-tired, fagged, fatigued, played out, spent, washed-out, worn-out, worn out - (drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted; 'the day's shopping left her exhausted'; 'he went to bed dog-tired'; 'was fagged and sweaty'; 'the trembling of his played out limbs'; 'felt completely washed-out'; 'only worn-out horses and cattle'; 'you look worn out') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tired . :ExhaustingaSupply :en "run out of" ; :ldoce "use" ; :wnsense "deplete1v", "depletion1n", "eat up2v", "exhaust2v", "expend1v", "run out1v", "run through2v", "use up1v", "use4v", "wipe out1v" ; :wordnet "deplete", "depletion", "eat up", "exhaust", "expend", "run out", "run through", "use", "use up", "wipe out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ExhaustingaSupply' is an Action in which an Agent uses up some significant fraction (typically all) of the full amount of some resource available to it for some task. The resource may be renewable over time, but in order for an action to be an instance of this type (rather than just ''ConsumingSomething'') the amount of the resource (objects, substances, time, money) available for that particular task should be limited, and should be sufficiently reduced so as to place constraints on its further availability. The resource may be abstract such as money or physiological energy - for one's physiological energy to be 'ehxausted' one should be unable to do any further action until rested for a while. For money to be exhausted, no more must be available for that particular task or at that particular time. This is the sense that is intended by the used of phrases such as 'used up his savings on a fancy car'; 'exhausted his energy digging a ditch'; 'used up the whole tank of gas driving there and back'; 'exhausted their supply of morphine before half the patients could be treated'. The object of the verb should be completely depleted at the end of the action. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'exhaust', part of sense 1 of 'use up', and sense 4 of 'use' in WordNet; note that some of the WordNet examples for 'exhaust' can be represented by the parent type 'ConsumingSomething', and therefore the WordNet sense appears broader than this more restricted meaning. WN 'exhaust': in WordNet: 2. (3) consume, eat up, use up, eat, deplete, exhaust, run through, wipe out - (use up (resources or materials); 'this car consumes a lot of gas'; 'We exhausted our savings'; 'They run through 20 bottles of wine a week') WN 'use': 4. (12) use, expend - (use up, consume fully; 'The legislature expended its time on school questions') WN verb 'run out': 1. (5) run out - (become used up; be exhausted; 'Our supplies finally ran out') WN noun 'depletion' 1. (2) depletion - (the act of decreasing something markedly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depletion . :Exhaustion :wnsense "exhaustion1n" ; :wordnet "exhaustion" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exhaustion'' is an internal Sensation of loss of energy, which causes a strong urge to stop working. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exhaustion' in Wordnet: 1. (2) exhaustion - (extreme fatigue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySensation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exhausted ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Exhibit :wnsense "exhibit2n" ; :wordnet "exhibit" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Exhibit'' is a group of ''DisplayedObjects'' that was made visible for viewing in a ''Exhibition''. For educational displays use ''DisplayedObjects''. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 2 of 'exhibit' (commercial products shown at an ''Exhibition'') in WordNet: 2. (3) display, exhibit, showing - (something shown to the public; 'the museum had many exhibits of oriental art') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayedObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exhibition ; owl:onProperty :wasExposedInEvent ] . :ExhibitingAnger :ldoce "angry" ; :wnsense "angry1adj" ; :wordnet "angry" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an action or communication that exhibits anger on the part of the actor. ('an angry letter', 'an angry response') For the sense of 'angry' that characterizes people feeling anger, use 'Angry'. This corresponds to the part of adjective sense 1 of 'angry' in WordNet that characterizes actions or communications, but not to the part that characterizes people. ('angry customers' and 'angry at the weather' are not included in this sense). in WordNet: 1. (17) angry - (feeling or showing anger; 'angry at the weather'; 'angry customers'; 'an angry silence'; 'sending angry letters to the papers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ExhibitingBitterness :ldoce "bitter" ; :wnsense "acerbic2adj", "bitter1adj", "bitter3adj", "caustic1adj", "vitriolic1adj" ; :wordnet "acerbic", "bitter", "caustic", "vitriolic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ExhibitingBitterness' is an EvaluativeAttribute of events or communications (verbal or text, abstract or physical) that appear to exhibit a 'Bitter' (resentful) or contemptuous attitude on the part of the author, so appearing to at least one IntelligentAgent. @ToDo: Sense 3 may need a separate subtype, to cover 'caustic' without attributing a 'Bitter' (resentful) attitude to the author. This is an attribute of communications or actions or texts; for the feeling of being bitter, use 'Bitter'. Includes adjective sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'bitter', and sense 2 of 'acerbic' and sense 1 of 'caustic' and sense 1 of 'vitriolic' in WordNet, in WordNet: 1. (12) acrimonious, bitter - (marked by strong resentment or cynicism; 'an acrimonious dispute'; 'bitter about the divorce') 3. (6) acerb, acerbic, acid, acrid, bitter, blistering, caustic, sulfurous, sulphurous, venomous, virulent, vitriolic - (harsh or corrosive in tone; 'an acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery prose'; 'a barrage of acid comments'; 'her acrid remarks make her many enemies'; 'bitter words'; 'blistering criticism'; 'caustic jokes about political assassination, talk-show hosts and medical ethics'; 'a sulfurous denunciation'; 'a vitriolic critique') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :ExhibitingDaring :en "exhibit daring" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ExhibitingDaring is what person does when *knowingly* performing a RiskyAction. But, depending on the judgment of others, instead of exhibiting 'Daring' such an act may merely exhibit foolhardiness. This type is used to represent judgments of that type; at present (v 0.65) instances are not required to explicitly indicate the person making that judgment - @ToDo - that nuance may be required. The difference between this and the subtype ''DaringToDoSomething'' is not evident, except for the emphasis. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExhibitingaQuality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Daring ; owl:onProperty :exhibitsQuality ] . :ExhibitingEmotion a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ExhibitingEmotion' is a Behavior of an individual person that can be interpreted by many other people as evidence of some Feeling or emotional state in the behaving actor. Conspicuous among such 'ExhibitingEmotion' types are Behaviors that exhibit Anger. NOTE: as a subtype of 'MakingSomethingNoticeable', there is an implied intention that the agent wanted the Behavior to be seen by another agent. So a Behavior performed alone in private that may be evidence of an Emotion would not be an 'ExhibitingEmotion' in this sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Behavior, :HumanActivity, :MakingSomethingNoticeable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :exhibitsEmotion ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Feeling :ActionType ) ] ] . :ExhibitingOptimism :en "exhibiting optimism" ; :enn "exhibiting optimism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExhibitingOptimism'' is a generic Action performed by some Person or Action that sugests that the Person doing that is ''Optimisic''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExhibitingEmotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Optimism ; owl:onProperty :exhibitsEmotion ] . :ExhibitingaQuality :wnsense "exhibit1v", "show2n", "show3v", "show4v" ; :wordnet "exhibit", "show" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ExhibitingaQuality is an Action performed by a Person which demonstrates that that Person has a certain Quality. This Action may be identical to the action performed, and merely serves to represent one facet of the Action, which may be expressed linguistically. 'He showed courage in fighting . . '; 'she showed her determination by continuing . . '. In representing an instance of this type, it is necessary to explicitly reference the Action performed that exhibits that quality. includes verb sense 1 of exhibit' and verb senses 3 and 4 of 'show' in WordNet: 1. (13) exhibit - (show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill; 'he exhibits a great talent') WN noun 'show': 3. (57) testify, bear witness, prove, evidence, show - (provide evidence for; 'The blood test showed that he was the father'; 'Her behavior testified to her incompetence') 4. (43) show - (make visible or noticeable; 'She showed her talent for cooking'; 'Show me your etchings, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Demonstrating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :exhibitsQuality ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValueType ] . :Exhibition :en "exhibiting" ; :wnsense "display1v", "exhibit2v", "exhibition2n", "expo1n", "expose3v", "exposition2n" ; :wordnet "display", "exhibit", "exhibition", "expo", "expose", "exposition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Exhibition'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which the items displayed are largely (not necessarily exclusively) ''ManufacturedGoods'' that are now or may be in the future available for purchase. For an 'exhibition' that is not mostly commercial merchandise, use ''DisplayingSomething''. The WN noun sense 2 of 'exhibition' suggests that it is the objects displayed, but ths type represents the action of diplaying such goods. The Objects displayed are represented as a ''Display'' or ''Exhibit''. **Can this have a display of actions? 'hadObjectPerceived'?? Includes noun sense 2 of 'exhibition' and part (display for commercial, not personal or educational purposes) of verb sense 1 of 'display' in WordNet: 2. (4) exhibition, exposition, expo - (a collection of things (goods or works of art etc.) for public display) WN verb ' 2. (12) expose, exhibit, display - (to show, make visible or apparent; 'The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month'; 'Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?'; 'National leaders will have to display the highest skills of statesmanship') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exhibit ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectExposed ] . :Exhibitionism :wnsense "exhibitionism1n" ; :wordnet "exhibitionism" ; a :ActionType, :InformationType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exhibitionism'' is a conspicuous ''OstentatiousDisplay''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exhibitionism' in WordNet: 1. exhibitionism - (extravagant and conspicuous behavior intended to attract attention to yourself) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OstentatiousDisplay . :Exigent :isAnAttributeValueOf :LinguisticAssertion, :Person, :PhysicalSituation ; :wnsense "clamant2adj", "crying2adj", "exigent1adj", "insistent2adj", "instant3adj" ; :wordnet "clamant", "crying", "exigent", "insistent", "instant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exigent'' is an AttributeValue of any thing (such as Situations, assertions, problems, or people) that present issues requiring immediate attention. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exigent' in Wordnet: 1. clamant, crying, exigent, insistent, instant - (demanding attention; 'clamant needs'; 'a crying need'; 'regarded literary questions as exigent and momentous'- H.L.Mencken; 'insistent hunger'; 'an instant need') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Exile :wnsense "deportee1n", "exile2n" ; :wordnet "deportee", "exile" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Exile'' is a Person who is a Citizen of an 'Absentee' from some GeopoliticalEntity (usually a Country) because of having been expelled. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'exile' in WordNet: 2. exile, deportee - (expelled from home or country by authority) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absentee, :Citizen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExilingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :ExilingSomeone :wnsense "deport3v", "deportation1n", "exile1v", "exile3n", "expatriate1v", "expatriation1n", "transportation6n" ; :wordnet "deport", "deportation", "exile", "expatriate", "expatriation", "transportation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExilingSomeone'' is a ''Deporting'' of a Citizen of the country from which s/he is deported. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'exile' in WordNet: 1. (1) expatriate, deport, exile - (expel from a country; 'The poet was exiled because he signed a letter protesting the government's actions') WN noun 'exile': 3. exile, deportation, expatriation, transportation - (the act of expelling a person from their native land; 'men in exile dream of hope'; 'his deportation to a penal colony'; 'the expatriation of wealthy farmers'; 'the sentence was one of transportation for life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deporting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exile ; owl:onProperty :patientAssumesRole ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Citizen ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ] . :Existence :ldoce "exist", "existence" ; :wnsense "be4v", "being1n", "beingness1n", "exist1v", "existence1n" ; :wordnet "be", "being", "beingness", "exist", "existence" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Existence' is a PersistentState in which some entity has some form of existence in some possible world. In this sense, anything that can be described has 'Existence' in the possible world in which it is postulated to exist; the only exceptions are logical contradictions - the things they describe do not exist in any world, though the description of them may exist in some world. NOTE that existence in our 'Real World' is a subtype of this 'RealExistence'. The property of an entity that is in the state of 'RealExistence' is 'Extant'. NOTE: that 'to exist' can also be represented by the relation 'existInContext'. Something that 'existInContext' in the the state of 'Existence'; if the context is the RealWorld, then it is in the state of 'RealExistence'. *db993 - how to formalize this? This corresponds to sense 1 of 'existence' in Random House Webster: 1. the state or fact of existing; being. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'existence' and sense 1 of 'being' and verb sense 1 of 'exist' in WordNet: 1. (51) being, beingness, existence - (the state or fact of existing; 'a point of view gradually coming into being'; 'laws in existence for centuries') WN verb 'exist': 1. (113) exist, be - (have an existence, be extant; 'Is there a God?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState . :ExistenceAttribute :takesValue :ExistenceValue ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ExistenceAttribute is used to specify whether something exists in a particular context. The most important AttributeValue would be 'Extant' meaning that the object with that value exists in the real world at the time the assertion is made..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :ExistenceValue a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'ExistenceValue' an ExistenceAttribute that is used to specify whether something exists in a particular context. The most important AttributeValue would be 'Real' (or it subtype 'Extant'), meaning that the object or Event with that AttributeValue exists in the real world, at the time the assertion is made, or at some point in the recorded past. 'Real' can be used with objects or Events, 'Extant' is restricted to Events.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Existential :isAnAttributeValueOf :Existence ; :pertainsTo :Existence ; :wnsense "existential3adj" ; :wordnet "existential" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Existential'' is an AttributeValue of Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'existential' in Wordnet: 3. existential -- (relating to or dealing with existence (especially with human existence)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Existing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Existence ; :wnsense "actual1adj", "existent1adj", "existent2adj", "existent3adj", "existing1adj", "existing2adj", "existing3adj" ; :wordnet "actual", "existent", "existing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Existing' only means that an entity with this value exists in some context, hypothetical, fictional, real, or otherwise. The mere mention of something can give it this kind of existence. This is here only as an abstraction of 'Extant', the more useful relation for things existing in our 'RealWorld. Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'existing' in Wordnet: 1. (3) existent, existing - (having existence or being or actuality; 'an attempt to refine the existent machinery to make it more efficient'; 'much of the beluga caviar existing in the world is found in the Soviet Union and Iran') 2. (2) existing - (existing in something specified; 'depletion of the oxygen existing in the bloodstream') 3. existing - (presently existing; 'the existing system') WN adj 'actual': 1. (23) actual, existent - (presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible; 'the predicted temperature and the actual temperature were markedly different'; 'actual and imagined conditions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistenceValue . :ExistingStuffType :guid "bd59f2ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This Cyc category is not a metaclass, but a class, reinterpreted in COSMO to include certain subtypes of 'PhysicalSubstance', that are not subcategorized solely on the basis of composition, or inherent properties depending on composition, but of other attributes, such as state of matter (e.g. SolidSubstance or Gas). One such category is 'CommodityProduct' which treats commercial products sold in quantities (such as potatoes, onions) as 'substances'. Cyc: A collection of collections, and a specialization of #$TemporalStuffType. Each instance of #$ExistingStuffType is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are both temporally and spatially stufflike. Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object (down to a certain granularity). (#$isa STUFFTYPE #$ExistingStuffType) implies both (i) for most instances STUFF of STUFFTYPE, for any proper physical part (see #$physicalParts) PART of STUFF, PART is also an instance of STUFFTYPE and (ii) for all instances STUFF of STUFFTYPE, for most proper physical parts PART of STUFF, PART is also an instance of STUFFTYPE. For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96. It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood. Since every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike, #$Wood is an instance of #$ExistingStuffType. Other instances of #$ExistingStuffType include the collections #$AppleJuice, #$IceCream, #$Diamond, #$WaxedPaper, and #$StriatedMuscle. See the comment for #$StuffType to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: #$StuffType, #$ObjectType, #$ExistingStuffType, and #$ExistingObjectType.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :ExistingThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ExistingThing' is anything that exists in some context - in effect, anything that has been mentioned in any form of communication, factual or fictional. This is here primarily to provide a link to relate the relation 'existsInContext' to the states of Existgence..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Existing ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Existence ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ; owl:someValuesFrom :Context ] . :Exit :wnsense "exit1n", "issue10n", "outlet3n", "way out1n" ; :wordnet "exit", "issue", "outlet", "way out" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An '''Exit'' is a Portal that is designed or regulated to only allow something to exit (leave) from the object that has the Exit. For the common Portals that allow movement both in and out, use the parent ''Portal'' or its more specific subtypes. This is used mostly for an 'exit' from a structure (closed or open-air,, like a ''ParkingLot'') that has *designated* 'entrance' and 'exit' ''Portal''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exit' in WordNet: 1. (1) exit, issue, outlet, way out - (an opening that permits escape or release; 'he blocked the way out'; 'the canyon had only one issue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Portal . :ExitingAContainer :guid "bd590240-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :EnteringAContainer ; :wnsense "exit1v", "leave5v" ; :wordnet "exit", "leave" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this 'exiting' is an Action done under the control of the agent (could be an animal) that is exiting the ''CavityOrContainer'' (such as a room or cave or building). Not for pouring contents from a container. See ''Withdrawing'' for an exiting where one does not pass through a portal, just leave a defined location. Cyc: The collection of events in which an object exits a container. The closest Wordnet sense is verb sense 1 of exit and verb sense 5 of 'leave', but the WordNet sense is broader: in WordNet: 1. exit, go out, get out, leave - (move out of or depart from; 'leave the room'; 'the fugitive has left the country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeavingaPlace, :PassingThroughPortal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Container ] . :ExitingSomething :en "exiting", "going out", "leaving" ; :wnsense "exit1v", "get out1v", "go out1v", "leave5v" ; :wordnet "exit", "get out", "go out", "leave" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LeavingaPlace'' where one can say one has 'exited', even though the place is *not* a 'ExitingAContainer'', as in ''ExitingAContainer''. To exit a room, a building, a cave use ''ExitingAContainer''. This more general exiting can be used for leaving a Place or open-air location such as a stadium or Country or Park. ''ExitingaContainer'' is a subtype. 'breaking out of' would be a subtype - a leaving a place of confinement;. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exit' in WordNet: 1. exit, go out, get out, leave - (move out of or depart from; \"leave the room\"; \"the fugitive has left the country\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeavingaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnteringSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :ExitingaCountry a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrossingACountryBorder, :ExitingSomething . :Exorbitant :wnsense "exorbitant1adj", "extortionate1adj", "outrageous2adj", "steep2adj", "unconscionable1adj", "usurious1adj" ; :wordnet "exorbitant", "extortionate", "outrageous", "steep", "unconscionable", "usurious" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :VerbalQuantifier, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exorbitant'' is a subattribute of ''Excessive'' for quantities of money asked or expended. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exorbitant' in Wordnet: 1. exorbitant, extortionate, outrageous, steep, unconscionable, usurious - (greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation; 'exorbitant rent'; 'extortionate prices'; 'spends an outrageous amount on entertainment'; 'usurious interest rate'; 'unconscionable spending') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excessive, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute . :Exoskeleton :guid "bd59014c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Arthropod ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An external supportive covering of an arthropod. SUMO: The system of Bones that are on the Outside of an organism and make up the supporting structure of many Invertebrates.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :SkeletalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arthropod ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Exotic :wnsense "exotic2adj" ; :wordnet "exotic" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exotic'' is a vague property of Objects (including People) that are very unusual in appearance or behavior to the point where they create a big impression or sense of wonder. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exotic' in WordNet: 2. exotic - (strikingly strange or unusual; 'an exotic hair style'; 'protons, neutrons, electrons and all their exotic variants'; 'the exotic landscape of a dead planet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrequencyAttributeValue, :Strange . :Expanded :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Expanding ; :wnsense "expanded1adj" ; :wordnet "expanded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Expanded'' is an attribute of both abstract and concrete things and groups that have increased in some aspect of 'size'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'expanded' in Wordnet: 1. (3) expanded - (increased in extent or size or bulk or scope) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Larger . :Expanding :reversesTheEffectOf :Contracting ; :wnsense "enlarge1v", "enlarge3v", "enlargement1n", "expand12v", "expand3v", "expansion1n" ; :wordnet "enlarge", "enlargement", "expand", "expansion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''IncreaseEvent'' in which something increases in some measure of 'size' or 'quantity' or 'scope' or 'rate'. For a PhysicalObject increasing its volume, use subtype ''ExpandingInVolume''. For abstract objects, the increase could be in scope, or area (e.g. of a GeopoliticalEntity) or (for example) increasing the number of pixels in an AbstractImage - not a physical 'size'. Includes verb sense 1 of 'expand' and noun sense 1 of 'expansion' in WordNet: 2. (6) expand - (become larger in size or volume or quantity; 'his business expanded rapidly) 3. (4) expand - (make bigger or wider in size, volume, or quantity; 'expand the house by adding another wing') WN noun 'expansion': 1. (13) expansion, enlargement - (the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope) WN verb 'enlarge': 1. (8) enlarge - (make larger; 'She enlarged the flower beds') 3. (2) enlarge - (become larger or bigger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnlargedState ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contracting ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :ExpandingInVolume :reversesTheEffectOf :Contracting ; :wnsense "expand1v", "spread out4v" ; :wordnet "expand", "spread out" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Expanding' in which something increases in size by increasing the length of one or more directions so that the volume increases. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'expand' in Wordnet: 1. (15) expand, spread out - (extend in one or more directions; 'The dough expands') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expanding, :VolumeIncrease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShrinkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Expectancy :wnsense "anticipation2n", "expectancy2n" ; :wordnet "anticipation", "expectancy" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: an Expectation is a Microtheory, but is Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expectancy' in WordNet: 2. (1) anticipation, expectancy - (something expected (as on the basis of a norm); 'each of them had their own anticipations'; 'an indicator of expectancy in development') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expectation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Expectant :wnsense "anticipative1adj", "expectant1adj" ; :wordnet "anticipative", "expectant" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Expectant'' is an attribute of someone who is experiencing an ''ExpectingSomething'' state, with some degree of eagerness to see the expected thing occur. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'expectant' in WordNet: 1. (3) anticipant, anticipative, expectant - (marked by eager anticipation; 'an expectant hush'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anticipating . :Expectation :guid "bd58a264-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "expectation" ; :wnsense "expectation1n", "outlook2n", "prospect2n" ; :wordnet "expectation", "outlook", "prospect" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: an Expectation is a Microtheory, but is also a weak form of 'Belief'. In COSMO an Expectation is a Belief that is also a Microtheory, concerning some FutureSituation . Cyc: The collection of microtheories whose propositions represent what some #$Agent (or #$Group of #$Agents) believes will be true at some future time. For an expectation that is a 'looking forward' (with pleasure) use the subtype 'anticipation': WN WN @ToDo: unclear how to precisely relate this to the other two senses: WN 3. expectation - (the feeling that something is about to happen) WN This would require a subtype, and in that subtype an axiom WN specifying that the 'FutureSituation' will be in the *near* future. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expectation' in WordNet: 1. (5) expectation, outlook, prospect - (belief about (or mental picture of) the future) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, :Microtheory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ] . :Expected :isAnAttributeValueOf :Expectation ; :wnsense "expected1adj", "expected2adj", "expected3adj" ; :wordnet "expected" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Expected'' is the attribute of something that is the subject of an ''Expectation'' Includes the three adjective senses of 'expected' in WordNet: 1. (6) expected - (considered likely or probable to happen or arrive; 'prepared for the expected attack') 2. (1) expected - (looked forward to as probable) 3. expected, likely, potential - (expected to become or be; in prospect; 'potential clients'; 'expected income') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ExpectedValue :en "expected value" ; :enn "expected value" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ExpectedValue'' is an ''AttributeValue'' that is expected to be observed (e.g. measured) for something, due to some 'prediction' (e.g. from theoretical considerations) or from prior experience or observations of similar things. This can be used as the second element of a 'Discrepancy'' that may occur between Observed and expected values. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :Expected . :ExpectingSomething :eng "anticipating", "expecting" ; :ldoce "anticipate", "expect" ; :wnsense "anticipate1v", "expect1v" ; :wordnet "anticipate", "expect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ExpectingSomething' is a weak state of belief (a ''Believing'') about some FutureSituation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'expect' and sense 1 of 'anticipate' in WordNet: 1. (889) expect, anticipate - (regard something as probable or likely; 'The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :containedExperience ; owl:someValuesFrom :Expectation ] . :Expectorant :guid "c0fd59f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :induces :Spitting ; :wnsense "expectorant1n", "expectorator2n" ; :wordnet "expectorant", "expectorator" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which are used to help a patient bring up phlegm, by increasing the amount of mucus produced. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expectorant' in WordNet: 1. expectorant, expectorator - (a medicine promoting expectoration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spitting ; owl:onProperty :induces ] . :Expedient :wnsense "expedient1n" ; :wordnet "expedient" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Expedient'' is anything (Action, Method, PhysicalOject) that is ''Useful'' for achieving some desired goal, used when a preferred or more effective Action or Object is not available or feasible. NOTE: this ''Expedient'' is capable of assisting an Agent, but is not necessarily employed. An ''Expedient'' that is actually used for some purpose is an instance of the subtype ''MakeshiftThing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expedient' in WordNet: 1. expedient - (a means to an end; not necessarily a principled or ethical one) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UsefulThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PurposefulAction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :ExpeditingaProcess :wnsense "expedite1v", "hasten3v" ; :wordnet "expedite", "hasten" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExpeditingaProcess'' is a ''RateIncrease'' in the rate at which some PurposefulAction consisting of multiple steps takes place, thus shortening the time required for completion. The expediting can be a result of making some resourcea available, and linguistically it may be said that the resource facilitated the Action,but come agent needs to arrange that the resource is available. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'expedite' in WordNet: 1. (2) expedite, hasten - (speed up the progress of; facilitate; 'This should expedite the process') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facilitating, :RateIncrease . :Expedition :wnsense "expedition3n" ; :wordnet "expedition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Expedition'' is a 'LongJourney' involving at least two people that is organized to accomplish some agreed predetermined task - which means not for pleasure or leisure or sightseeing or studying or visiting an acquaintance. Exploration or research are common examples. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'expedition' in WordNet: 3. (3) expedition - (a journey organized for a particular purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongJourney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom :Goal ] ; owl:disjointWith :SightSeeing . :ExpeditionaryGroup :wnsense "expedition2n" ; :wordnet "expedition" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ExpeditionaryGroup'' is any GroupOfPeople who have undertaken or are undertaking or plan to undertake an ''Expedition''. A subtype might be an 'exploring party', as with Lewis and Clark's group. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'expedition' in WordNet: 2. (3) expedition - (an organized group of people undertaking a journey for a particular purpose; 'an expedition was sent to explore Mars') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Expedition ] . :ExpellingFromMembership :en "expelling a member" ; :enn "expelling a member" ; :guid "bf6a2bd0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Actions in which a member of an #$Organization is expelled from membership in that organization. This collection does not include voluntarily quitting membership. NOTE;this includes the subtype ''EmployeeLayoff'', but an ''Employee'' is not a 'member' in COSMO, so this cannot be referenced to the COSMO ''Member''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeavingAnOrganization, :OustingFromaPosition . :ExpellingaPerson :wnsense "boot out2v", "bounce7v", "chuck out2v", "eject1v", "exclude5v", "expel2v", "kick out3v", "throw out3v", "turf out1v", "turn out7v" ; :wordnet "boot out", "bounce", "chuck out", "eject", "exclude", "expel", "kick out", "throw out", "turf out", "turn out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExpellingaPerson'' is for the Action of one or more ''Person''s who causes another person to leave some location in which the Agent persons have some authority. Expelling from school, expelling from a public or private building, expelling from a bar or nightclub. This action may but does not have to be performed with physical force. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'expel' and verb sense 7 of 'bounce' in WordNet: 2. (1) expel, eject, chuck out, exclude, throw out, kick out, turf out, boot out, turn out - (put out or expel from a place; 'The child was expelled from the classroom') WN verb 'bounce': 7. bounce - (eject from the premises; 'The ex-boxer's job is to bounce people who want to enter this private club') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpellinganAgent, :RemovingPhysically, :Translation-LocationChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :ExpellinganAgent :wnsense "eject1v", "ejection2n", "exclusion4n", "expel1v", "expel2v", "expulsion1n", "kick out1v", "kick out3v", "riddance2n", "throw out1v", "throw out3v" ; :wordnet "eject", "ejection", "exclusion", "expel", "expulsion", "kick out", "riddance", "throw out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExpellinganAgent'' is the broadest sense of 'expelling' in which one agent acts to remove another agent from some location or Group or ''Position'', against the wishes of the Agent expelled. The Agent expelled is usually a Person, but it could be e.g. a Country being expelled from some International Organization or a Group of unruly people. For booting a person out of a location, use subtype ''ExpellingaPerson''. @ToDo: The logical representation of the fact that the agent expelled did not want the expulsion is represented by the parent 'Compellng''; ??Perhaps a relation: 'patientHasAttribute'?? would be useful? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ejection', verb sense 1 of'expel', in WordNet: 2. ejection, exclusion, expulsion, riddance - (the act of forcing out someone or something; 'the ejection of troublemakers by the police'; 'the child's expulsion from school') WN verb 'expel': 1. (3) expel, throw out, kick out - (force to leave or move out; 'He was expelled from his native country') WN verb 'eject': 1. (2) expel, eject, chuck out, exclude, throw out, kick out, turf out, boot out, turn out - (put out or expel from a place; 'The child was expelled from the classroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compelling, :Rejecting, :TransferOut, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :GenericLocation :Organization :GroupType :LocationType :OrganizationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuittingAction ; owl:onProperty :inducedAgentToAction ] . :ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice is a Device designed to propel itself, and usually some payload, to perform a function without any expectation that the device will be recoverable after perfroming that function. Weapons such as torpedoes and missiles qualify, as do civilian rockets such as sounding rockets designed to examine conditions in the upper atmosphere.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-OneTimeUse, :TransportationDevice-Unmanned . :Expenditure :wnsense "expenditure1n", "outgo1n", "outlay2n" ; :wordnet "expenditure", "outgo", "outlay" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Expenditure'' is a quantity of money (in any currency) that was transferred in some ''SpendingMoney'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expenditure' in WordNet: 1. (20) outgo, expenditure, outlay - (money paid out) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SpendingMoney ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ] . :Expenses :wnsense "disbursement1n", "expense1n", "expense3n" ; :wordnet "disbursement", "expense" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Expenses'' is a quantity of money (in any currency) that was transferred in some ''SpendingMoney'' Action by an Agent who may be able to deduct that sum or may be able to get the Expenses reimbursed.. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'expense' in WordNet: 1. (25) expense, disbursal, disbursement - (amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)) 3. (1) expense - (money spent to perform work and usually reimbursed by an employer; 'he kept a careful record of his expenses at the meeting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expenditure . :Expensive :ldoce "dear" ; :wnsense "costly2adj", "dear4adj", "expensive1adj", "high-priced1adj", "pricey1adj", "pricy1adj" ; :wordnet "costly", "dear", "expensive", "high-priced", "pricey", "pricy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Expensive' can describe a price in both relative and absolute terms - all yachts are expensive, and some groceries are expensive only in certain stores, cheaper in other stores. @ToDo: *db995 the sense of 'relatively expensive' (compared to other vendors) should be broken out as a subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'dear' sense 2 of 'costly' in Wordnet: 4. costly, dear, high-priced, pricey, pricy - (having a high price; 'costly jewelry'; 'high-priced merchandise'; 'much too dear for my pocketbook'; 'a pricey restaurant') WN WN WordNet 'expensive' for some reason is not related to 'dear', and WN includes a different notion of 'expensive shop': 1. (14) expensive - (high in price or charging high prices; 'expensive clothes'; 'an expensive shop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativePriceValue . :Expensively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Expensive ; :wnsense "dear2adv", "dearly2adv", "expensively1adv" ; :wordnet "dear", "dearly", "expensively" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'dearly' in Wordnet: 2. (1) dearly, dear - (at a great cost; 'he paid dearly for the food'; 'this cost him dear') WN adv 'expensively': 1. expensively - (in an expensive manner; 'an expensively dressed little man turned a corner and approached her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Experience :ldoce "experience" ; :wnsense "experience1v", "experience2n", "experience2v", "experience3n", "experience3v", "experience4v" ; :wordnet "experience" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Experience' is a subtype of 'Learning' consisting of the group or perceptions, impressions, feelings, actions, and knowledge acquired by an animal in some conscious and awake interval of time. This can only apply to conscious animals. The minimum requirement for an 'Experience' Event is that the subject of the experience both perceive and learn. The Event may include other parts or aspects. This is for a single Event that can be considered as 'experienced' by an Agent; for the sense of 'experience' meaning some group of individual Experiences that may be relevant to a particular purpose (as in work experience), or all of a person's background and experience, use 'BackgroundExperiences'. COSMO note: Cyc considers all experience to be learning, which may be problematic for bad experiences. We leave it as Cyc has it, but need to remove' TakingCareOfSomething' from the parents, to allow non-deliberate learning. @ToDO: NOTE also that there may be a useful distinction between experiencing internal states and feelings, and external events, but as of rev993 both of those 'experiences' are included here. Cyc: An Event in which a 'IntentionalAgent' participates in some PhysicalEvent, and through sense impressions learns something. The Learning in an Experience is a result not merely of interpreting the content of a Communication, but from sense impressions or invoked responses other than the sense impressions required to interpret a communication. As a borderline included case, it is possible to say that a person has an 'Experience' in reading a book, because the book evoked emotions; in this case the 'Experience' includes the evoking of the emotions, not merely the interpretation of the content. A person may also have an 'Experience' in a conversation by observig how the others in the conversation react to events in the conversation. An Experience will include a Perceiving event and a Reaction event. From Random House Webster: 'the process or fact of personally observing, encountering, or undergoing something: [e.g.] business experience.' NOTE: in COSMO we classify an 'Experience' as a subtype of 'Action' to indicate that the focus of the subject is an Agent, even though no Events external to the Agent may be caused by the Experience. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'experience', and senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of verb 'experience' in WordNet (except for the examples in WN def 4 for inamimate things); this is for a single Event that can be considered as 'experienced' by an Agent; for the sense of 'experience' meaning some group of individual Experiences that may be relevant to a particular purpose (as in work experience), or all of a person's background and experience, use 'BackgroundExperiences'.: in WordNet: 2. (48) experience - (the content of direct observation or participation in an event; 'he had a religious experience'; 'he recalled the experience vividly') 3. (28) experience - (an event as apprehended; 'a surprising experience'; 'that painful experience certainly got our attention') WN verb 'experience: 1. (22) experience, undergo, see, go through - (go or live through; 'We had many trials to go through'; 'he saw action in Viet Nam') 2. (10) know, experience, live - (have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations; 'I know the feeling!'; 'have you ever known hunger?'; 'I have lived a kind of hell when I was a drug addict'; 'The holocaust survivors have lived a nightmare'; 'I lived through two divorces') 3. (8) experience, receive, have, get, undergo - (go through (mental or physical states or experiences); 'get an idea'; 'experience vertigo'; 'get nauseous'; 'undergo a strange sensation'; 'The chemical undergoes a sudden change'; 'The fluid undergoes shear'; 'receive injuries'; 'have a feeling') 4. (5) feel, experience - (undergo an emotional sensation; 'She felt resentful'; 'He felt regret') WN verb 'see': 3. (141) witness, find, see - (perceive or be contemporaneous with; 'We found Republicans winning the offices'; 'You'll see a lot of cheating in this school'; 'The 1960's saw the rebellion of the younger generation against established traditions'; 'I want to see results') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Perceiving ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knowledge ; owl:onProperty :improves ] . :Experiential :isAnAttributeValueOf :Experience ; :pertainsTo :Experience ; :wnsense "existential1adj", "experientia1adj" ; :wordnet "existential", "experientia" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'experiential' in Wordnet: 1. (2) experiential, existential - (derived from experience or the experience of existence; 'the rich experiential content of the teachings of the older philosophers'- Benjamin Farrington; 'formal logicians are not concerned with existential matters'- John Dewey) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Experiment :en "experimenting" ; :guid "c10093dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "experiment1n", "experimentation2n" ; :wordnet "experiment", "experimentation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: includes casual brief tests as well as longer carefully designed resesarch projects. An Action or series of Actions in which an Agent performs some physical actions specifically intended to answer a question, by means other than asking another agent or search within existing data. An experiment can be purely observational, as in astronomical investigation, or by controlled manipulation of physical conditions to observe a result. This does not include unsystematic 'experiments': 2. (17) experiment, experimentation - (the testing of an idea; 'it was an experiment in living'; 'not all experimentation is done in laboratories') Cyc: A specialization of #$CheckingWhetherConditionObtains. Each instance of #$Experimenting is an event in which one performs tests to determine whether an hypothesis is true. The tests in question need not be empirical in nature (cf. #$ThoughtExperimenting). For the common case in which the tests in question 'are' empirical, see #$Experimenting-Empirical. SUMO: Investigating the truth of a Proposition by constructing and observing a trial. Note that the trial may be either controlled or uncontrolled, blind or not blind. COSMO note: 'Experimenting', generally, does not have to test a hypothesis, though good scientific research does that. 'Experimenting' can be just doing something to see what happens. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'experiment' and non sense 2 of 'experimentation' in Wordnet: 1. (70) experiment, experimentation - (the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaluating, :Observing, :Research . :Experimental :isTheOppositeOf :Theoretical ; :pertainsTo :Experiment ; :wnsense "experimental1adj", "experimental2adj", "observational1adj" ; :wordnet "experimental", "observational" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Experimental'' describes things - methods or results - that are asociated with ''Esperiment''s of any type. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'experimental' in WordNet: 1. (14) experimental - (relating to or based on experiment; 'experimental physics') 2. (4) experimental, data-based, observational - (relying on observation or experiment; 'experimental results that supported the hypothesis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ExperimentalResearch :en "experimental research" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Research that involves a systematic study of some phenomenon - including engineering studies testing the performance of man-made devices. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ResearchProject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Experiment ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :ExperimentalTest a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Experiment in which physical objects are manipulated in a controlled manner to determine the effect of some change in physical conditions on an object of study. ExperimentalTests can occur in the laboratory or in the field. NOTE that this is a general type of physical experimentation, and can include tests as simple as single analytical tests or as complex as a series of tests in a particle accelerator, with subsequent analysis of thousands of particle tracks.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Experiment, :TestingEvent . :Expert :wnsense "expert1n" ; :wordnet "expert" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who have a level of knowledge or expertise beyond that of an amateur, but less than that of 'Master' (similar to chess rating usage). They may or may not have graduated from some educational institution. For a higher degree of expertise, use 'Master'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expert' in WordNet: 1. (20) expert - (a person with special knowledge or ability who performs skillfully) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ; owl:someValuesFrom :TopicType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpecializedKnowledge ; owl:onProperty :knows ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expertise ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Expertise :isAnAttributeValueOf :Expert ; :wnsense "expertise1n", "expertness1n" ; :wordnet "expertise", "expertness" ; a :CapabilityType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Expertise'' is a high level of 'Skill' such as that possessed by an ''Expert'' in some field, developed by a process (one or more Actions) of 'LearningHowToDoSomething'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expertise' in WordNet: 1. (2) expertness, expertise - (skillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skill . :ExpirationDate :en "date when something becomes unusable", "expiration date", "last useful date" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExpirationDate'' is a broad concept including the CalendarDay during which some organism (or cellular part died, or some ArtifactObject ceased to perform its design function adequately, or some ''Permission'' no longer is valid, or on which some Product is specified as no longer guaranteed to be sufficiently fresh for its purpose. These different included meanings can be broken out as subtypes when needed. RHW 'expiration date': the last date that a product, as food, should be used before it is considered spoiled or ineffective, usually specified on the label or package. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CalendarDate, :DeathTime, :RelativeTime . :Expired :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Expiring ; :isTheOppositeOf :Valid ; :wnsense "expired1adj" ; :wordnet "expired" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Expired'' is a property of Document or Right that was ''LegallyBinding'' when made or issued, but is no longer ''Valid'' due to the lapse of the time period during which it was scheduled to be ''Valid''. *NOTE* that this is a subtype of ;;LegallyBinding;; which only means that it was binding and ''Valid'' at the time it was made or issued. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'expired' in WordNet: 1. expired - (having come to an end or become void after passage of a period of time; 'an expired passport'; 'caught driving with an expired license') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Invalid, :LegallyBinding, :PastParticiple . :Expiring :wnsense "expiration1n", "expire1v", "run out4v", "termination1n" ; :wordnet "expiration", "expire", "run out", "termination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Expiring''is a ''StoppingEvent'' in which some Right (or License or Permission or Agreement) is lost or becomes ''Invalid''due to the ending of the time period during which it was scheduled to be ''Valid''. This is a loss of 'validity'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'expire' and to part of noun sense 1 of 'expiration' in WordNet: 1. (3) run out, expire - (lose validity; 'My passports expired last month') WN noun 'expiration': 1. (2) termination, expiration, expiry - (a coming to an end of a contract period; 'the expiry of his driver's license') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StoppingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expired ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExpirationDate ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RenewingaPermit ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ] . :Explaining :en "explaining" ; :ldoce "explain", "explanation" ; :wnsense "explain1v", "explanation3n" ; :wordnet "explain", "explanation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Explaining' is a communication whose main topic is an Explanation. NOTE that the WN sense 2 of 'explain' seems to include the sense of 'justify' (some action): @ToDo the relation of this to 'justify' needs to be elaborated. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'explanation' and includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'explain' in WN, For the content, see 'Explanation' in WordNet: 3. explanation - (the act of explaining; making something plain or intelligible; 'I heard his explanation of the accident') WN verb 'explain': 1. (114) explain, explicate - (make plain and comprehensible; 'He explained the laws of physics to his students') 2. (12) explain - (define; 'The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Explanation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Explanation ] . :Explanation :guid "bd6ef37b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "explanation" ; :wnsense "explanation1n" ; :wordnet "explanation" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Explanation may be either the propositional content of an explanatory argument, or the abstract linguistic representation of such an argument. This is *not* the act of explaining something, which is a Communication. See 'Explaining' for that sense. Cyc: A collection of individual #$PropositionalInformationThings, each of which gives an explanation of something. Note that individual explanations and the things which they explain may be related by using membership in collections created using the Cyc function #$ExplanationFn. SUMO: An Argument where the conclusion is an observed fact and the premises are other facts which collectively imply the conclusion. Note that this is the they hypothetico-deductive model of explanation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'explanation' in WordNet, NOTE that sense 3 is represented as 'Explaining'. IT is unclear how sense 2 differs from these other senses. in WordNet: 1. (29) explanation, account - (a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.; 'the explanation was very simple'; 'I expected a brief account') 2. (8) explanation - (thought that makes something comprehensible) 3. explanation - (the act of explaining; making something plain or intelligible; 'I heard his explanation of the accident') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdditionalInformation, :DeductiveArgument . :Explicating :ldoce "develop" ; :wnsense "develop2v", "develop7v", "evolve1v", "explicate2v", "formulate1v", "germinate2v" ; :wordnet "develop", "evolve", "explicate", "formulate", "germinate" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Explicating'' is a ''DevelopingSomething'' in which the thing developed is some idea (''Thought''), ''Postulate'' or other MentalObject. This includes verb senses 2 and 7 of 'develop' in Wordnet: 2. (45) evolve, germinate, develop - (work out; 'We have developed a new theory of evolution') 7. (6) explicate, formulate, develop - (elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses; 'Could you develop the ideas in your thesis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingMentally, :DevelopingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Postulate ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Explicit :isTheOppositeOf :DifficultToUnderstand, :Implicit ; :wnsense "explicit1adj", "expressed2adj" ; :wordnet "explicit", "expressed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Explicit'' is an attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions which are stated clearly and with sufficient detail so as to be easy to understand. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'explicit' in Wordnet: 1. (7) explicit, expressed - (precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable; leaving nothing to implication; 'explicit instructions'; 'she made her wishes explicit'; 'explicit sexual scenes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clear, :Detailed . :Explicitly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Explicit ; :isTheOppositeOf :Implicitly ; :wnsense "explicitly1adv", "explicitly2adv", "expressly2adv" ; :wordnet "explicitly", "expressly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Explicitly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Propositions or Assertions and indicates that the intended meanings of a communication were conveyed without ambiguity and not just implied. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'explicitly' in WordNet: 1. (1) explicitly - (in an explicit manner; 'in his foreword Professor Clark puts it explicitly') 2. expressly, explicitly - (in an explicit manner; 'he stated expressly that the needed the money by tomorrow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :ExploitingSomething :wnsense "exploit1v", "work23v" ; :wordnet "exploit", "work" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExploitingSomething'' is a ''UsingSomething'' for one's own benefit, where the 'something' exploited may have become available recently and is not always available to most people. This type does not itself imply any greed or selfishness on the part of the exploiter, it can be simply taking advantage of an opportunity that arises and may not be evident or available to others.. For 'exploiting' people in a selfish way use subype ''ExploitingaPerson''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exploit' in WordNet: 1. (8) exploit, work - (use or manipulate to one's advantage; 'He exploited the new taxation system'; 'She knows how to work the system'; 'he works his parents for sympathy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UsingAnOpportunity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAssistedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Language ] . :ExploitingaPerson :wnsense "exploit2v", "exploitation2n", "tap4v", "using1n", "victimisation1n", "victimization2n" ; :wordnet "exploit", "exploitation", "tap", "using", "victimisation", "victimization" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExploitingaPerson'' is a ''UsingSomething'' for one's own benefit, where the 'something' used is one or more ''Person''s, especially when performed in some selfish way that may (but does not necessarily) cause adverse effects to other people. NOTE: 'exploiting workers' or other people would be a more specific subtype, as would 'exploiting' natural resources. NOTE2: the subtype 'Colonialism'' is (among other things) an exploitation of a whole society, which includes the people in it. RHW verb 'exploit': 2. to use selfishly for one's own ends: employers who exploit their workers. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'exploit' in WordNet: 2. (3) exploit, tap - (draw from; make good use of; 'we must exploit the resources we are given wisely') WN noun 'exploitation': 2. (2) exploitation, victimization, victimisation, using - (an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly); 'capitalistic exploitation of the working class'; 'paying Blacks less and charging them more is a form of victimization') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UsingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAssistedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Language ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :GroupOfPeople :GroupType ) ] ] . :ExplorationSearch :wnsense "explore2v" ; :wordnet "explore" ; a :ActionType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ExplorationSearch' is a type of ''Searching'' involving going somewhere (a ''Travel-TripEvent'') to find objects that are not observable near the starting location. This includes geographic exploration and exploring deep space as well as archaeological exploration and ''Prospecting'' as subtypes. However, this excludes laboratory or historical or literary research (''Experiment'' or ''Investigation''), and requires travel or digging to reveal previously unknown things. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'explore' (excludes geological and space exploration) in WordNet: 2. (4) explore - (travel to or penetrate into; 'explore unknown territory in biology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Research, :Searching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Travel-TripEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exploratory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Exploratory :pertainsTo :ArchaeologicalExploration, :ExplorationSearch, :Exploring ; :wnsense "explorative1adj", "exploratory1adj" ; :wordnet "explorative", "exploratory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exploratory'' pertains to ''Exploring'' in various contest,such as ''ExplorationSearch'', ''ArchaeologicalExploration'', and 'exploratory surgery'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exploratory' in Wordnet: 1. (1) exploratory, explorative - (serving in or intended for exploration or discovery; 'an exploratory operation'; 'exploratory reconnaissance'; 'digging an exploratory well in the Gulf of Mexico'; 'exploratory talks between diplomats') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Explorer :guid "bd590561-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "explorer1n" ; :wordnet "explorer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who travels to unfamiliar places, on Earth or off of it. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'explorer' in WordNet: 1. (3) explorer, adventurer - (someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :ProfessionalPerson, :Researcher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exploring ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Exploring :en "exploring" ; :wnsense "exploration1n", "explore2v", "geographic expedition1n" ; :wordnet "exploration", "explore", "geographic expedition" ; a :OccupationType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Exploring' is a PurposefulAction in which an IntelligentAgent enters and observes some Region that is unknown ('unexplored') or little known to the community that the agent communicates with. As with 'discovering' America, the region 'explored' may be well known to other agents. Corresponds to part (literal, for new geological areas) of verb sense 2 of 'explore' in WordNet: 2. (4) explore - (travel to or penetrate into; 'explore unknown territory in biology') WN noun 'exploration': 1. (5) exploration, geographic expedition - (to travel for the purpose of discovery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplorationSearch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationAboutaPlace ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exploratory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Explosion :en "exploding" ; :guid "72150262-6bae-11d7-8c58-000347a4228d", "be00f76e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "explode", "explosion" ; :wnsense "blast4n", "blow up5v", "detonate2v", "detonation1n", "explode9v", "explosion1n" ; :wordnet "blast", "blow up", "detonate", "detonation", "explode", "explosion" ; a :CapabilityType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A chemical or nuclear reaction causing a rapid generation of gas at high pressure. The detonation of a bomb or explosion of powder in a bullet casing are examples. The restriction specifies that an Explosion must be complete within one second - chemical explosions usually take milliseconds. Slower reactions are not explosions. The bursting of a container filled with high-pressure gas is not an Explosion in this sense, but is a separate type of Event 'Bursting' usually *caused* by a 'Explosion'. NOTE that although in Cyc a supernova is a type of 'Explosion', that is not the case in COSMO - the duration of the nuclear phase (neutron burst) is 5-10 seconds, too long to fit into the definition of this type - and the common sense of 'supernova', the visible star, lasts weeks. 'Supernova' will be represented in a different branch of the Event tree. Includes CYC 'detonation' (in CYC, a type of 'explosion' that is propagated by a detonation wave. That could be a subtype, when such specialized distinctions are useful): CYC 'detonation': A specialization of #$Explosion, #$CombustionReaction, and #$WavePropagation. Each instance of #$Detonation is fast high-pressure combustion reaction. A detonation event is a reaction which happens so quickly that the reaction speed exceeds the speed of sound in the reacting material. A detonation reaction is propagated by a supersonic shock wave travelling through the reacting medium. After initiation, the shock wave accelerates quickly until it reaches a maximum speed - the detonation velocity (see #$explosiveVelocity) of the explosive. Cf. #$Deflagration. This is the intransitive sense of the Action of something blowing up - by PurposefulAction or by some accident or natural process. The act of blowing things up intentionally requires this action as a caused event or subvent, and is represented by 'BlowingSomethingUp'. Not every Explosion is part of 'BlowingSomethingUp' because that Action is intentional disruption by means of an ExplosiveDevice, and an 'Explosion' Event may be natural. COSMO note: an Explosion is a subtype of 'Impelling', but an Exploding substance does not necessarily impel anything other than itself. This Cyc-derived relation may need refinement. @ToDo- review impelling. NOTE that this sense does *not* include the figurative 'explode' in sense 2 from WordNet (an outward movement or noise caused by high pressure without a chemical reaction): 2. (6) explode, burst - (burst outward, usually with noise; 'The champagne bottle exploded') because an 'Explosion' must cause genereation of high-pressure gas, whereas the champagne bottle already has pressured gas in it that is merely released when it bursts or the cork pops. @ToDo we probably need a parent type to include both senses of 'explode', as well as slower explosion-like events such as supernovas. Cyc includes supernovas,but this COSMO type does not. Cyc: A collection of events, and a specialization of #$EnergyConversionProcess and #$DecompositionProcess. Each instance of #$Explosion is an event that involves a chaotic release of energy. It is not exactly controlled, even in the best circumstances, though it may be contained and channelled to do useful work (such as within the cylinders of a car engine, or when a hole is blasted for a backyard swimming pool.). Specializations of this collection include #$Deflagration, #$Detonation, #$NuclearExplosion and #$Supernova. SUMO: Any sudden and massive release of energy that is the product of a chemical reaction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'explosion' and the intransitive verb sense 9 of 'explode' in WordNet (however, Molotov cocktails do not actually explode (they burst from impact and spread flammable liquid, and that kind of Event is not included): in WordNet: WN noun 'explosion': 1. (6) explosion, detonation, blowup - (a violent release of energy caused by a chemical or nuclear reaction) WN verb 'explode': 9. detonate, explode, blow up - (burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction;'the bomb detonated at noon'; 'The Molotov cocktail exploded') WN noun 'blast': 4. blast - (an explosion (as of dynamite)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalDecomposition, :EnergyConversionProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PressurizedGas ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneSecond ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDuration ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bursting ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boom ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExplosiveSubstance ; owl:onProperty :isaCapabilityOf ] . :Explosive :isAnAttributeValueOf :ExplosiveSubstance ; :wnsense "explosive1adj" ; :wordnet "explosive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a 'QualitativeAttributeValue'. In CYC the term 'Explosive' is used in the same sense as 'ExplosiveSubstance' in COSMO. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'explosive' in WordNet: 1. (3) explosive - (serving to explode or characterized by explosion or sudden outburst; 'an explosive device'; 'explosive gas'; 'explosive force'; 'explosive violence'; 'an explosive temper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ExplosiveDevice :guid "c10ae1f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SelfPoweredDevice and #$Device-OneTimeUse. Each instance of #$ExplosiveDevice is a device designed to detonate (see #$HighExplosive) or deflagrate (see #$LowExplosive). Explosive devices may be used to make holes that help construct mines or swimming pools or flat areas for roads or house foundations; in the demolition/destruction/removal of buildings, tree stumps, and other sorts of property; in weapons of war or terrorism to harm or kill or deter people; or even as entertainment (e.g., fireworks - see #$PyrotechnicDevice). SUMO: A Device whose purpose is to explode. Note that ExplosiveDevice is not a subclass of Weapon, since explosives can be used in demolition work and in fireworks displays, for example. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousTangibleThing, :Device-OneTimeUse, :SelfPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExplosiveSubstance ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Explosion ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Explosion ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :ExplosiveSubstance :CYC "ExplosiveMaterial" ; :en "explosive material", "explosive substance", "explosives" ; :enn "explosive material", "explosive substance", "explosives" ; :guid "be011237-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "explosive" ; :wnsense "explosive1n" ; :wordnet "explosive" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$DangerousTangibleThing. Each instance of #$ExplosiveMaterial is a chemical substance that under certain circumstances (usually upon the application of heat or shock) will decompose or rearrange very quickly, yielding large amounts of gas and heat. Explosive material can either deflagrate (see #$LowExplosive) or detonate (see #$HighExplosive). NOTE that not all 'ExplosiveSubstance's are man-made, so they have a 'Capability' of 'Explosion', but that is not necessarily a DesignFunction (which is true of most man-made 'ExplosiveSubstance's). Corresponds to sense 1 of 'explosive' in WordNet: 1. explosive - (a chemical substance that undergoes a rapid chemical change (with the production of gas) on being heated or struck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing, :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Explosion ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Explosive ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unstable ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Explosives :en "explosive" ; :enn "explosive" ; a :GroupType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Explosives'' is a ''SubstanceGroup'' in which each element is some subtype of ''ExplosiveSubstance''. The term 'explosives' can be used as a label for the type ''ExplosiveSubstance'', or, asin this type, to refer to some specific Group of ''ExplosiveSubstance''s that are present or used in some activity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExplosiveSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Exponent :wnsense "exponent3n", "index3n", "power8n" ; :wordnet "exponent", "index", "power" ; a :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Exponent'' can be any ''MathematicalSymbol'' that can evaluate to a number, used immediately after some other symbol, in a form (often in small characters and raised so as to protrude above the base line of the equation) that signifies that the expression immediately precedig it is to be raised to the power to which the ''Exponent'' evaluates. For simple numberical ''Exponent''s, such as '2' or '3' the Exponent is read as 'squared' or 'to the third power', respectively. For more complex expressons with variables in the position of an Exponent, the manner of reading it can be complex. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'exponent' in WordNet: 3. exponent, power, index - (a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalSymbol . :Exponential :pertainsTo :Exponent ; :wnsense "exponential1adj" ; :wordnet "exponential" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exponential'' is the attribute pertaining to a mathematical ''Exponent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exponential' in Wordnet: 1. (2) exponential - (of or involving exponents; 'exponential growth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Export :wnsense "export1n" ; :wordnet "export" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Export'' is anything (PhysicalObeject) that was shipped in an ''Exporting'' Event. Intellectual property is not included in 'exporting' or 'export' - information needs to be treated differently. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'export' in WordNet: 1. (1) export, exportation - (commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProductObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exporting ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ] . :Exporter a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Exporter'' is any ''IntelligentAgent'' that has shipped some product outside its country of origin. This can be a Person, Corporation, or a Country. NOTE: this type is broader than the WN gloss 'businessperson' suggests, including companies and countries. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'exporter' in WordNet: 1. (1) exporter - (a businessperson who transports goods abroad (for sale)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exporting ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Exporting :en "exporting" ; :wnsense "export1v" ; :wordnet "export" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''exporting'' is a ''Shipping'' Event in which the thing transported is going to a country other than that in which the Shipping originates - transporting across national borders. This is not necessarily a ''Selling'', as a person or company may export something for that Agents own use, retaining possession. This has a converse corelated Event ''Importing''. Selling to a foreign agent would be subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'export' in WordNet: 1. (4) export - (sell or transfer abroad; 'we export less than we import and have a negative trade balance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrossingACountryBorder, :Shipping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProductObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProductObject ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForeignCountry ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Importing ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exporter ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :ExposedFilmSheet :en "exposed film" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ExposedFilmSheet'' is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' consisting of ''PhotographicFilm''' that has been exposed in a ''ExposingToLight'' and developed to produce an Image. This is not necesarily a 'Photograph'', as it could be an accidental or deliberate exposure to produce a black film or a pattern that does not represent any physical object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhotographicFilm ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExposingToLight ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :ExposingToLight :wnsense "expose7v" ; :wordnet "expose" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExposingToLight'' is an ''Irradiating'' in which some PhysicalObject is exposed to ''Light'' of some kind - visible light, ultraviolet light,or infrared light, but not to ionizing radiation. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'expose' in WordNet: 7. expose - (expose to light, of photographic film) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Irradiating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :ExposingToTheSun :en "exposing to the sun" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExposingToTheSun'' is the Action of placing an Object outdoors where it will be exposed to sunlight for any purpose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposureEvent, :OutdoorActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SunLight-Direct ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :ExposingToView :wnsense "expose3v", "exposure9n" ; :wordnet "expose", "exposure" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event whether by an agent or natural forces of some entity to the view of an agent that can perceive it. For example, the weathering of some deposit may expose fossils to view. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 3 of 'expose' in WordNet; No WordNet sense of 'exposure' seems to exactly match this, but sense 9 of 'exposure' seems to be included: WN verb 'expose': in WordNet: 3. (4) expose, exhibit, display - (to show, make visible or apparent; 'The Metropolitan Museum is exhibiting Goya's works this month'; 'Why don't you show your nice legs and wear shorter skirts?'; 'National leaders will have to display the highest skills of statesmanship') WN noun 'exposure': 9. exposure - (presentation to view in an open or public manner; 'the exposure of his anger was shocking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposureEvent . :Exposition :wnsense "exhibition1n", "expo1n", "exposition2n" ; :wordnet "exhibition", "expo", "exposition" ; a :CollectionType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Exposition'' is a ''Collection'' (of PhysicalObjects) created and organized for display and maintained in some location (usually a Museum) where some or all of the public can view them. These are typically objects of interest from a historic or artistic or scientific perspective. This includes small collections in one-room ''MuseumBuilding''s as well as the vast collections in large ''MuseumBuilding''s. Each such collection has at least one Person in charge of organizing and or preserving the ''Exposition'', who is called a ''Curator''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expo' in WordNet: 1. exhibition, exposition, expo - (a collection of things (goods or works of art etc.) for public display) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingaCollection ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuseumBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :ExposureEvent :eng "exposing" ; :guid "be1b93a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "exposure1n", "exposure2n", "exposure4n", "exposure8n", "exposure9n" ; :wordnet "exposure" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is used in a very general sense, perhaps broader than the CYC sense. Exposure to the weather, exposure to view are included. Also exposure to light (for light-sensitive things). But metaphorical senses (e.g. exposure to ridicule or exposure [making public] of a fact or secret) are not included. For some subtypes see 'ExposureToView' (WN sense 9)and 'ExposureToSubstance'. CYC:An instance of #$TemporalStuffType. Each instance of #$ExposureEvent is an #$Event the central focus of which is something's being exposed to something else for some period of time. (The notion of X's being exposed to Y is difficult to define precisely, but very roughly it means that Y has access to, or can reach, X.) A notable specialization is #$ExposureToSubstance. For the action that initiates an #$ExposureEvent, see #$ExposingSomething. Several of the senses of 'exposure' in WordNet are included here. Subtypes can be defined for specific purposes. in WordNet: 1. (6) exposure - (vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain; 'exposure to the weather' or 'they died from exposure';) 2. (3) exposure - (the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience; 'she denounced the exposure of children to pornography') 4. (2) exposure - (aspect re light or wind; 'the studio had a northern exposure') 8. exposure - (the act of exposing film to light) 9. exposure - (presentation to view in an open or public manner; 'the exposure of his anger was shocking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :ExposureToSubstance :guid "bdf7ef4b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$ExposureEvent. Each instance of #$ExposureToSubstance is an event in which some #$PartiallyTangible is exposed to some other #$PartiallyTangible for some period of time. For cases in which the thing or stuff to which the object is exposed is not (necessarily) an instance of #$PartiallyTangible (e.g. exposure to #$Light), use the more general #$ExposureEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposureEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :ExpressingApproval :en "express approval", "give approval", "giving approval", "render approval", "rendering approval" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO; Expressing favor about a physical thing or a state of affairs.. NOTE: for 'expressing approval' to a project that one can veto (disapprove) see ''Approval-CommunicationAct'' This sense of ''ExpressingApproval'' is for expressing approval by some form of communication, without any accompanying action providing material support or assistance. This includes part of sense 11 of 'render' when used with 'approval' as the direct object. in WordNet: 11. give, render - (bestow; 'give homage'; 'render thanks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationAct-Single, :ExpressingSomething, :IBTGeneration, :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, :Rendering, :ShowingSupportForSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Approval-Emotion ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :ExpressingDisapproval :guid "bf6d0cfb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disapproval2v", "disapproval4v" ; :wordnet "disapproval" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Informing. In each instance of #$Disapproval-CommunicationAct, an #$IntelligentAgent communicates disapproval of something. Instances of #$Disapproval-CommunicationAct are usually accompanied by feelings of #$Disapproval. For situations in which what the agent disapproves of can be expressed in propositional form, see #$disapprovedStatement. It is also worth noting that instances of #$Disapproval-CommunicationAct differ from instances of #$Rejecting-CommunicationAct, in that the former are expressed judgments that a certain action or opinion is inappropriate, morally wrong, etc., while the latter involve the denial of the propositional content of some communication. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 4 of 'disapproval' in WordNet: 2. (1) disapproval - (the expression of disapproval) 4. disapproval - (the act of disapproving or condemning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationAct-Single, :ExpressingSomething, :IBTGeneration, :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, :Informing . :ExpressingEmotion :en "express emotion" ; :eng "expressing emotion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExpressingEmotion'' is to take some visible or audible Action that gives evidence that a Person is experiencing some ''Emotion''. This can happen for anger or annoyance or disappointment or joy. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingSomething, :MakingSomethingNoticeable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :showsEvidenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EmotionalState :FeelingType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmotionalState ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmotionalState ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmotionallyExpressive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ExpressingLinguistically :ldoce "express", "expression" ; :wnsense "articulate2v", "express2v", "expression3n", "formulate3v", "give tongue to1v", "give voice1v", "phrase3v", "utter1v", "verbal expression1n", "verbalise3v", "verbalism1n", "verbalize3v" ; :wordnet "articulate", "express", "expression", "formulate", "give tongue to", "give voice", "phrase", "utter", "verbal expression", "verbalise", "verbalism", "verbalize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ExpressingLinguistically' is a LinguisticCommunication . that puts into words some thoughts or feelings. This can be written or spoken, as in 'He expressed his objections in a letter to the President.' Corresponds to a supertype of verb sense 2 of 'express' (including written expression) and to noun sense 3 of 'expression' in WordNet: WN 'express' 2. (32) express, verbalize, verbalise, utter, give tongue to - (articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise; 'She expressed her anger'; 'He uttered a curse') WN noun 'expression' 3. (15) expression, verbal expression, verbalism - (the communication (in speech or writing) of your beliefs or opinions; 'expressions of good will'; 'he helped me find verbal expression for my ideas'; 'the idea was immediate but the verbalism took hours') WN verb 'articulate': 2. (1) give voice, formulate, word, phrase, articulate - (put into words or an expression; 'He formulated his concerns to the board of trustees') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingSomething, :LinguisticCommunication . :ExpressingSomething :ldoce "express" ; :wnsense "evince1v", "express1v", "show6v" ; :wordnet "evince", "express", "show" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Expressing' is a Communication in which some thoughts or emotions are conveyed to another person. Each instance of 'ExpressingSomething' must specify the thought (Proposition) or Feeling that is conveyed. Corresponds to a supertype of verb sense 1 of 'express' in WordNet 1. (60) express, show, evince - (give expression to; 'She showed her disappointment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :MakingSomethingNoticeable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :Feeling :FeelingType :MentalObjectType ) ] ] . :Expression :wnsense "expression1n", "locution1n", "saying1n" ; :wordnet "expression", "locution", "saying" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Expression'' is a ''Phrase'' of one or more words, usually widely known among some Group, used for any of various purposes. One common subtype is a ''Slogan'', used among other purposes for advertising. In general an ''Expression'' is used in a conventional manner by some community of speakers often enough that it carries a conventional meaning, possibly with conventional implications. It can facilitate conveying common ideas. The use among a community is referenced by the relation 'wasCreatedBy' some 'GroupOfPeople'. To become an ''Expression'' requires that it be used by some group of people numbering more than a few, and to be used more than once or twice. But it may not stay current very long. RHW 'locution: 1. a particular form of expression; a word, phrase, expression, or idiom, esp. as used by a particular person, group, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expression' in WordNet: 1. saying, expression, locution - (a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations; 'pardon the expression') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UsingAnExpression ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ] . :Expressive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ExpressingSomething ; :wnsense "expressive1vadj" ; :wordnet "expressive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Expressive'' is the most general sense, meaning 'expressing' anything. There could be more specific subAttributes. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'expressive' in Wordnet: 1. (3) expressive - (characterized by expression; 'a very expressive face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Exquisite :isMoreIntenseThan :Elegant ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Elegance ; :wnsense "exquisite2adj", "recherche1adj" ; :wordnet "exquisite", "recherche" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exquisite'' can be an attribute of Objects and Actions. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exquisite' in Wordnet: 2. exquisite, recherche - (lavishly elegant and refined) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elegant, :Refined . :Extant :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject, :Species ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :RealExistence ; :ldoce "real" ; :wnsense "extant1adj", "real1adj" ; :wordnet "extant", "real" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having a value of 'Extant' at some particular time means that the *object* with that attribute (or some objects of that type) existed in the real world in the past, and still exist(s) at the present time, though some things of that type may well have disappeared by the present; as in 'an extant copy of the manuscript' or 'the species thought to be extinct is still extant'. This means that the entity with the attribute 'Extant' is in the state of 'RealExistence'. NOTE that Events that are existing are termed ''Ongoing''. This relates to 'existing' via the 'property' relation: isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'extant' in WordNet: 1. (1) extant - (still in existence; not extinct or destroyed or lost; 'extant manuscripts'; 'specimens of graphic art found among extant barbaric folk'- Edward Clodd) WN Includes part of sense 1 of 'real' - the part meaning *currently* in the RealWorld, at WN the time this property was asserted. 1. (55) real, existent - (being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory; 'real objects'; 'real people; not ghosts'; 'a film based on real life'; 'a real illness'; 'real humility'; 'Life is real! Life is earnest!'- Longfellow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Existing . :Extended :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ExtendingAnObject ; :wnsense "extended2adj" ; :wordnet "extended" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extended'' is the attribute of an Object that has been lengthened by changing its shape. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'extended' in Wordnet: 2. (1) extended - (fully extended or stretched forth; 'an extended telescope'; 'his extended legs reached almost across the small room'; 'refused to accept the extended hand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ExtendingAnObject :wnsense "extend1v", "stretch out1v", "stretch3v", "unfold1v" ; :wordnet "extend", "stretch", "stretch out", "unfold" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExtendingAnObject'' is a ''Lengthening'' in which an ArtifactObject that does not have a fixed length is modified to make the Length greater. This can be for objects that an be 'folded' and 'unfolded' and for objects such as a Telescope or curring device whose length can be changed to adjust the functionality. A fold-down bed that changes from vertical to horizontal is a borderline example, since the horizontal dimension is increased. Corresponds to verb sense 11 of 'extend' in WordNet: 11. unfold, stretch, stretch out, extend - (extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length; 'Unfold the newspaper'; 'stretch out that piece of cloth'; 'extend the TV antenna') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lengthening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extended ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :ExtendingOutward :wnsense "extend6v", "poke out1v", "reach out2v" ; :wordnet "extend", "poke out", "reach out" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SolidObject'' thing that extends outward from another ''SolidObject'' may or may not be part of the Object from which it extends. If it is a small part of the main Object is performs a ''Protruding'' Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'extend' in WordNet: 6. (4) extend, poke out, reach out - (reach outward in space; 'The awning extends several feet over the sidewalk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :ExtendingaBodyPart :wnsense "exsert1v", "extend5v", "hold out1v", "put out4v", "stretch forth1v", "stretch out3v" ; :wordnet "exsert", "extend", "hold out", "put out", "stretch forth", "stretch out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''MakingAGesture'' is a ''VoluntaryBodyMovement'', in which some ''AnimalBodyPart'' (arm, hand, leg, tongue, stinger) is lengthened in some direction (perhaps by rotating). Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'extend' in WordNet: 5. (5) exsert, stretch out, put out, extend, hold out, stretch forth - (thrust or extend out; 'He held out his hand'; 'point a finger'; 'extend a hand'; 'the bee exserted its sting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrganismPartType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outstretched ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :ExtendingaDocument :en "elaborating", "expanding", "extending", "lengthening" ; :wnsense "dilate2v", "elaborate1v", "enlarge4", "expand6v", "expound1v", "flesh out2v" ; :wordnet "dilate", "elaborate", "enlarge", "expand", "expound", "flesh out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExtendingaDocument'' is an Action in which an author adds more material of any kind to an AbstractDocument, thereby lengthening it in terms of quantity of text and/or illustrations or tables. When the purpose of extending is to increase the clarity or perspicuity of existing document, the subtype ''Clarifying'' represents that kind of addition. Otherwise the purpose of extending a document can be anything, nd typically is just to complete an exposition of a tale or topic by including material deemed necessary.. RHW 'expand'to express something more fully or in greater detail (usually fol. by on or upon): to expand on a statement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expand' in WordNet: 6. elaborate, lucubrate, expatiate, exposit, enlarge, flesh out, expand, expound, dilate - (add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing; 'She elaborated on the main ideas in her dissertation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingaConceptualWork, :IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :AdditionalInformation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :AdditionalInformation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :Information-Content ] . :ExtendingaScope :wnsense "broaden2v", "extend1v", "widen4v" ; :wordnet "broaden", "extend", "widen" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExtendingaScope'' is an Action in which the 'scope' (metaphorical size) or breadth or applicability of some Rule, principle, or Method is increased either by fiat or by discovery or recognition of previously unrecognized applicability. For increases in Area of something see 'IncreaseInArea''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'extend', not including 'area' increases) in WordNet: 1. (20) widen, broaden, extend - (extend in scope or range or area; 'The law was extended to all citizens'; 'widen the range of applications'; 'broaden your horizon'; 'Extend your backyard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScopeType ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeChanged ] . :ExtendingaTimeInterval :en "moving back" ; :wnsense "draw out2v", "extend10v", "prolong1v", "protract1v" ; :wordnet "draw out", "extend", "prolong", "protract" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExtendingaTimeInterval'' is an Action in which some ''AvailableTime'' (a ''TimeDuration''measure) is increased. This can be used express the lengthening of a total time available for an Action, or for the remaining time. The latter can be expressed as 'moving back' the ending time. Corresponds to verb sense 10 of 'extend' in WordNet: 10. (1) prolong, protract, extend, draw out - (lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer; 'We prolonged our stay'; 'She extended her visit by another day'; 'The meeting was drawn out until midnight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AvailableTime ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeChanged ] . :Extension :wnsense "extension1n" ; :wordnet "extension" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Extension'' is a TimeInterval added to allow completion of some task that had a deadline for completion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extension' in WordNet: 1. (13) extension - (a mutually agreed delay in the date set for the completion of a job or payment of a debt; 'they applied for an extension of the loan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Postponement . :ExtensionTelephone :guid "bdbbd9bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "extension phone1n", "extension10n", "telephone extension1n" ; :wordnet "extension", "extension phone", "telephone extension" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of telephones. Each telephone extension can be reached by dialing a normal telephone number and then either entering an instance of PhoneNumberExtension (usually 4 digits) via a touch tone keypad or having the call routed manually by the person who answers the main number. Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'extension' in WordNet: 10. extension, telephone extension, extension phone - (an additional telephone set that is connected to the same telephone line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Telephone . :Extensive :isTheOppositeOf :Small ; :wnsense "extended5adj", "extensive1adj" ; :wordnet "extended", "extensive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extensive'' means 'covering' a wide or broad range of area or abstract things or complexity - not for compact objects but for things dispersed over a large range of space, time, or number. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extensive' in WordNet: 1. (18) extensive, extended - (large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity; 'an extensive Roman settlement in northwest England'; 'extended farm lands'; 'surgeons with extended experience'; 'they suffered extensive damage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VeryLarge . :Extensively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Extensive ; :wnsense "extensively1adv" ; :wordnet "extensively" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extensively'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the state or action is true or occurs over some wide extent - spatial or temporal or abstract. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'extensively' in WordNet: 1. (3) extensively - (in a widespread way; 'oxidation ponds are extensively used for sewage treatment in the Midwest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Extent :wnsense "extent1n" ; :wordnet "extent" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extent'' is a broad category of vaguely measurable quantities, including probability and perentage, suggesting a range of measures that are not covered by measures in physical units. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extent' in WordNet: 1. (26) extent - (the point or degree to which something extends; 'the extent of the damage'; 'the full extent of the law'; 'to a certain extent she was right') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :Exterior :wnsense "exterior1n" ; :wordnet "exterior" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Exterior' is a PhysicalSpaceRegion that is outside of an Object (to which the location is relative) but may extend to the surface of the Object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exterior' in WordNet: 1. (1) outside, exterior - (the region that is outside of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, :PhysicalSpaceRegion ; owl:disjointWith :Interior . :ExteriorDoor :wnsense "exterior door1n", "outside door1n" ; :wordnet "exterior door", "outside door" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ExteriorDoor'' is a ''Door'' in a building leading from outside to inside the building (and vice versa). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exterior door' in WordNet: 1. exterior door, outside door - (a doorway that allows entrance to or exit from a building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Door, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoors ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :ExteriorWall a :CoverableObjectType, :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :SurfaceObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ExteriorWall'' is fhe vertical part of a ''Building'' that faces on the outside. It provides part of the support for upper parts of the building and protects the interior from things that are outside. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :OuterPhysicalSurface, :PartOfBuilding, :SheetlikeBarrier, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Exterior ] . :External :isTheOppositeOf :Internal ; :wnsense "external1adj" ; :wordnet "external" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Located on the surface of or outside of some object or Group or Organization, e.g. an ExternalOrgan. This includes the more specific sense of being located on the surface of an Object, which is represented by the subtype 'Superficial'. NOTE: an object that is External' to one whole object may be Internal to another object, if the first object is wholly contained inside the limits of a second object. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'external' in WordNet: 1. (10) external - (happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; 'the external auditory canal'; 'external pressures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ExternalAnatomicalPart :guid "bf30473c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "external body part1n" ; :wordnet "external body part" ; a :OrganismPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$ExternalAnatomicalPart is a specialization of #$OrganismPart. Each instance of #$ExternalAnatomicalPart is a part of the external anatomy of an organism. Example subcollections include #$Earlobe and #$Leaf. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'external body part' in WordNet: 1. external body part - (any body part visible externally) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismPart, :SolidObject . :ExternalCombustionEngine :en "external combustion enigine" ; :enn "external combustion enigine" ; :guid "bdf1a3fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Engines in which the ignition occurs outside the chamber where heat is converted to mechanical energy.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Engine . :ExternalOrgan :guid "bdfc911c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the restriction should specify that each instance of ExternalOrgan is located on the surface of some spefici Organism, but the detail of 'SurfacePortion' is not yet (v 0.54) included. @ToDo: should be somevaluesFrom SurfacePortion or some type that is a part of an Organism. #$ExternalOrgan is a specialization of #$Organ and #$ExternalAnatomicalPart. Each instance of #$ExternalOrgan is an organ that is an external anatomical part; e.g., a nose or eye.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Organ, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Superficial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfacePortion ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :ExternalOrifice :guid "c04e1791-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "opening9n", "orifice1n" ; :wordnet "opening", "orifice" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this sense of 'orifice' includes only external openings in the body. For internal openings use parent type 'BodilyOrifice' Cyc: Instances of #$BodilyOrifice are animal body parts, such as #$Nostrils, consisting of surface openings that lead into bodily cavities. Corresponds to part of sense 9 of 'opening' and sense 1 of 'orifice' in WordNet: 9. orifice, opening, porta - (an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity; 'the orifice into the aorta from the lower left chamber of the heart') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyOrifice, :ExternalAnatomicalPart . :ExternalReferringThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ExternalReferringThing' is an artificial class created to provide a domain type for certain relations without referring to those specific types. This is solely an administrative tactic to improve modularization of the ontology. NOTE that the external thing refered to can be anything at all. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual . :ExternalSexOrgan :en "external sex organ" ; :guid "bfa18df3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crotch3n", "genital organ1n", "genitalia1n", "genitals1n", "private parts1n", "privates1n" ; :wordnet "crotch", "genital organ", "genitalia", "genitals", "private parts", "privates" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Instances of #$ExternalSexOrgan are external animal body parts which have an important function in sexual copulation. Also called genitalia. The term 'genitalia' is formally plural but it is aso used in the singular number. This type is formally singular. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genitalia' in WordNet: 1. genitalia, genital organ, genitals, private parts, privates, crotch - (external sex organ) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalOrgan, :SexOrgan . :ExternalSpine :wnsense "spine1n" ; :wordnet "spine" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A \"ExternalSpine'' is a stiff outgrowth on the surface of an animal. Corresponds to part noun sense 5 of 'spine' (no internal spines, as on a bone) in WordNet: 5. spine - (a sharp rigid animal process or appendage; as a porcupine quill or a ridge on a bone or a ray of a fish fin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :SpineSpikeOrQuill . :ExternalSurface-WholeThing :en "external surface" ; :enn "external surface" ; :guid "bd589b3e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all entire outer physical surfaces of tangible objects. Excludes mere patches or portions of the whole surface of an object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfacePortion . :Externally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :External ; :wnsense "externally2adv", "outwardly1adv" ; :wordnet "externally", "outwardly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Externally'' is an adverb that asserts that the assertion characterized refers to some aspect of the outside *part* (the ''ExternalSurface-WholeThing'') of the thing under discussion. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'externally' in WordNet: 2. outwardly, externally - (with respect to the outside; 'outwardly, the figure is smooth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Extinct :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Extinction ; :wnsense "extinct1adj" ; :wordnet "extinct" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that a particular type of organism no longer has any instances in existence. @ToDo NOTE: This attribute is dependent on the time of assertion (in the 1700's this was not true of the Passenger Pigeon), but the time dependence is not yet (rev1107) formalized. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extinct' in WordNet: 1. extinct, nonextant - (no longer in existence; lost or especially having died out leaving no living representatives; 'an extinct species of fish'; 'an extinct royal family'; 'extinct laws and customs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :ExtinctAnimalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ExtinctAnimalType' is a metatype which is a specialization of 'AnimalType ' that can serve as type for an extinct 'Animal'. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extinct ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Extinction :wnsense "extermination1n", "extinction4n" ; :wordnet "extermination", "extinction" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extinction''is an ''Annihilation'' in which some Species of Organism ceases to exist. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'extinction' in WordNet: 4. extinction, extermination - (complete annihilation; 'they think a meteor cause the extinction of the dinosaurs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annihilation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LifeFormType :BiologicalSpecies :Species ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extinct ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :ExtinguishingaFire :wnsense "blow out2v", "douse1v", "extinguish2v", "put out3v", "put out5v", "quench2v", "smother5v", "snuff out2v" ; :wordnet "blow out", "douse", "extinguish", "put out", "quench", "smother", "snuff out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ExtinguishingaFire'' is a ''StoppingEvent'' in which a fire or flame (of any size) is extinguished by some agent (not necessarily a Person - could be wind or rain). Fires range from a ''LightedBirthdayCandle'' to a multi-block building fire. NOTE1: 'blow out' is more specifically represented in subtype ''BlowingOutaBurningObject''. NOTE: 'smother' could be a subtype, being a specific method of extinguishing a fire. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'extinguish' and parts of senses 3 and 5 of 'put out' in WordNet: 2. snuff out, blow out, extinguish, quench - (put out, as of fires, flames, or lights; 'Too big to be extinguished at once, the forest fires at best could be contained'; 'quench the flames'; 'snuff out the candles') WN verb 'put out': 3. (1) smother, put out - (deprive of the oxygen necessary for combustion; 'smother fires') 5. douse, put out - (put out, as of a candle or a light; 'Douse the lights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StoppingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Combustion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BurningObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Extortion :guid "bf75b685-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "extort1v", "extort2v", "extortion3n", "gouge2v", "squeeze5v" ; :wordnet "extort", "extortion", "gouge", "squeeze" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CoercingAnAgent, #$CriminalAct, and #$HostileSocialAction (qq.v.). In each instance of #$Extortion, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see #$objectExtorted), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of #$Extortion include #$Blackmail and #$ProtectionRacketeering. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'extortion' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'extort' in WordNet: 3. extortion - (the felonious act of extorting money (as by threats of violence)) WN verb 'extort': 1. extort - (obtain through intimidation) 2. extort, squeeze, rack, gouge, wring - (obtain by coercion or intimidation; 'They extorted money from the executive by threatening to reveal his past to the company boss'; 'They squeezed money from the owner of the business by threatening him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compelling, :Felony, :HostileSocialAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Threatening ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :ExtraLargeGarment :wnsense "extra large1n" ; :wordnet "extra large" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extra large' in WordNet: 1. extra large - (a garment size for a very large person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem . :ExtraLargeSize :en "extra large" ; :enadj "extra large" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ClothingItem ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """No WN or RHW sense for adjective phrase 'extra large'. This attribute is used to characterize garments larger than 'Large' size, and also for some other objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Larger . :Extracting :eng "extracting" ; :wnsense "extract4v", "extraction1n" ; :wordnet "extract", "extraction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Extracting' is an Action in which some Substance is extracted (removed by some physical or chemical process) from an admixture with other substances. This is to some extent a converse of 'mixing'. This **does not** include 'extracting' information from an information source such as an InformationObject. The Wordnet synset does not seem to include extraction by a solvent, which may be the most common form of 'extracting'. That sense is included here. the relation 'hadThingAffected'' points to the starting material or object from which the substance or object is separated out. Includes but is broader than verb senses 4 and 5 of 'extract' and noun sense 1 of 'extraction' in WordNet: 4. (1) distill, extract, distil - (extract by the process of distillation; 'distill the essence of this compound') 5. extract - (separate (a metal) from an ore) WN noun 'extraction': 1. (1) extraction - (the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :ExtractingBySteeping :en "infusing", "steeping" ; :wnsense "infuse4v", "steep2v" ; :wordnet "infuse", "steep" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ExtractingBySteeping'' is a ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid'' in order to extract some substances from the immersed Object. The extracted substance dissolves in the liquid (as in ''MakingTea''), producing a ''Solution'' of the desired extracted material and perhaps of other materials as well. In a ''Infusing'' for extraction (as in making tea), the utimate purpose may be to get and use he extracted substances, or alternatively to remove the extractable substances to improve the solid material in some way. NOTE: the WN synset includes both extracting from and adding materials, to the immersed object. These different purposes are differentiated in COSMO. This ''ExtractingBySteeping'' is to extract materials from the immersed object, while ''infusing'' is to dissolve substances from the immersing liquid (such as salt in ''Pickling''). The infusing meaning is exemplifie Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'infuse' in WordNet: 4. steep, infuse - (let sit in a liquid to extract a flavor or to cleanse; 'steep the blossoms in oil'; 'steep the fruit in alcohol') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extracting, :Steeping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solution ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Extradition :guid "bd62df1a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deliver5v", "deport2v", "extradite1v", "extradition1n" ; :wordnet "deliver", "deport", "extradite", "extradition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extradition'' is a ''SurrenderingaPrisoner'' from one governmental Jurisdiction to another, within a Country or internationally. CYC: A specialization of #$TransferOfControl. In an instance of #$Extradition, a person who has been legally accused of wrongdoing is transferred from the custody of one regional government -- state, provincial, or national -- to the custody of another regional government which is deemed to have a superior right to prosecute the alleged criminal, where that right is usually based on a pre-existing treaty or law to which both governments subscribe. The accused is the #$transferredThing in an extradition. The #$from-Generic is the government which originally had the person #$HeldCaptive; the #$to-Generic is the government which gets custody as a result of the extradition. The extradition is performed by some authorized #$Agents of the governments involved (see #$performedByPart). NOTE: 'deport' has to be between counties, perhaps it should be a subtype 'ExtraditionDeportation'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extradition' and verb sense 1 of 'extradite' (narrower in application) in WordNet: 1. extradition - (the surrender of an accused or convicted person by one state or country to another (usually under the provisions of a statute or treaty)) WN verb 'extradite': 1. extradite, deliver, deport - (hand over to the authorities of another country; 'They extradited the fugitive to his native country so he could be tried there') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalProceeding, :SurrenderingaPrisoner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :AccusedCriminal ] . :ExtramaritalAffair :en "extramarital affair" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ExtramaritalAffair'' is a ''SexualAffair'' in which one of the parties is married to someone who is not the other party in the affair. One or both of the agents will be a ''Spouse'' with someone other than the other agent in the affair. There is usually one or more ''Tryst''s involved in each ''ExtramaritalAffair'', but in unusual cases the married Lover in the Tryst may not try to hide it from the Spouse, so it would not be ''Secret'' and therefore not a ''Tryst''. So the relation ''mayHaveSubEvent'' relates this type to a ''Tryst''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualAffair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spouse ; owl:maxCardinality "2" ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tryst ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Extraordinarily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Extraordinary ; :wnsense "exceptionally1adv", "extraordinarily1adv", "inordinately1adv" ; :wordnet "exceptionally", "extraordinarily", "inordinately" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extraordinarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses the notion that the adjective assertion it modifies is both highly unusual and more intense than most other things with respect to that quality. See also adverb (''Word'') ''greatly'' for a related English word. Also used as synonys for Adverb instances epecially' and ''greatly' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'extraordinarily' in WordNet: 1. (1) inordinately, extraordinarily - (extremely; 'she was inordinately smart'; 'it will be an extraordinarily painful step to negotiate') WN adverb 'exceptionally': 1. (2) exceptionally - (to an exceptional degree; 'it worked exceptionally well') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Extraordinary :isMoreIntenseThan :HighlyUnusual ; :ldoce "great", "singular" ; :wnsense "exceeding1adj", "exceptional1adj", "exceptional2adj", "extraordinary1adj", "great2adj", "great3adj", "olympian4adj", "outstanding1adj", "outstanding2adj", "outstanding4adj", "particular3adj", "prodigious3adj", "remarkable1adj", "singular1adj", "special3adj", "surpassing2adj" ; :wordnet "exceeding", "exceptional", "extraordinary", "great", "olympian", "outstanding", "particular", "prodigious", "remarkable", "singular", "special", "surpassing" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Extraordinary is a property that can be assigned to something that is highly unusual, and in a positive (good) way. For the sense of 'highly unusual' without the implication of being Good use parent 'HighlyUnusual'. Adverb 'extraordinarily' is included as a synonym of adverb instance 'especially'. This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing ( + Surprising) Extreme (not surprising, just way out there) Astounding Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extraordinary', and includes senses 2 and 3 of 'great' and sense 1 of 'remarkable' and parts of senses 1 and 2 of 'exceptional in WordNet: 1. (12) extraordinary - (beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable; 'extraordinary authority'; 'an extraordinary achievement'; 'her extraordinary beauty'; 'enjoyed extraordinary popularity'; 'an extraordinary capacity for work'; 'an extraordinary session of the legislature') WN 'singular': 1. (3) remarkable, singular - - (unusual or striking; 'a remarkable sight'; 'such poise is singular in one so young') WN 'great': 2. (39) great, outstanding - (of major significance or importance; 'a great work of art'; 'Einstein was one of the outstanding figures of the 20th centurey') 3. (18) great - (remarkable or out of the ordinary in degree or magnitude or effect; 'a great crisis'; 'had a great stake in the outcome') WN adj 'exceptional': 1. (3) exceeding, exceptional, olympian, prodigious, surpassing - (far beyond what is usual in magnitude or degree; 'a night of exceeding darkness'; 'an exceptional memory'; 'olympian efforts to save the city from bankruptcy'; 'the young Mozart's prodigious talents') 2. (2) especial, exceptional, particular, special - (surpassing what is common or usual or expected; 'he paid especial attention to her'; 'exceptional kindness'; 'a matter of particular and unusual importance'; 'a special occasion'; 'a special reason to confide in her'; 'what's so special about the year 2000?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good, :HighlyUnusual, :Salient . :Extrapolating :wnsense "extrapolate2v" ; :wordnet "extrapolate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extrapolating'' a form of 'Reasoning' that uses observation of data from a series describing the values of some 'depedent variable' that depend on the values of one or more 'independent variables', to predict the values of data at points not within the observed range of the independent variable described in the data on hand. If the independent variable in the data series is ''Time'', then the ''Extrapolating'' will also be a type of ''Predicting''. NOTE: the WN gloss conflates 'extrapolate' and 'interpolate'. The term 'interpolate' is a method of estimating values that are *within* the range of the independent variable, and between data points The term 'interpolate' needs a different type. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'extrapolate' in WordNet: 2. (1) interpolate, extrapolate - (estimate the value of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Estimating, :Reasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFinishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Reasoning ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Conclusion ] . :Extraterrestrial :pertainsTo :ExtraterrestrialLifeForm, :OuterSpace ; :wnsense "extraterrestrial1adj" ; :wordnet "extraterrestrial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extraterrestrial'' pertains to anything located in, originating in, or having characteristics like things in ''OuterSpace'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slave' in WordNet: 1. (2) extraterrestrial - (originating or located or occurring outside Earth or its atmosphere; 'is there extraterrestrial life?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ExtraterrestrialLifeForm :en "E.T." ; :wnsense "alien3n", "extraterrestrial being1n", "extraterrestrial1n" ; :wordnet "alien", "extraterrestrial", "extraterrestrial being" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ExtraterrestrialLifeForm'' is a hypothetical LifeForm that lives naturally in some environment in space not on Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extraterrestrial' in WordNet: 1. extraterrestrial being, extraterrestrial, alien - (a form of life assumed to exist outside the Earth or its atmosphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeForm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hypothetical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extraterrestrial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterSpace ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ] . :Extravagant :wnsense "excessive2adj", "extravagant1adj", "exuberant2adj", "overweening1adj" ; :wordnet "excessive", "extravagant", "exuberant", "overweening" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :VerbalQuantifier, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extravagant'' is a subattribute of ''Excessive'' for quantities of Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extravagant' in Wordnet: 1. (3) excessive, extravagant, exuberant, overweening - (unrestrained, especially with regard to feelings; 'extravagant praise'; 'exuberant compliments'; 'overweening ambition'; 'overweening greed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excessive, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute . :Extreme :isMoreIntenseThan :Intense ; :ldoce "extreme" ; :wnsense "extreme1adj", "utmost1adj" ; :wordnet "extreme", "utmost" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Extreme is an AttributeValue of other attributes - intensive or quantitative ('extreme height') - or of feelings ('extreme anger') or of situations that include intensive components ('extreme risk'); this attribute serves as a Function that returns an Entity of the same type as that modified, but selected to include only the subtypes that are at one end of an intensive attribute spectrum. The less intensive attributeValue would be 'Intense' (and beyond that, 'Mild') The definition of 'Intense' is: 'Intense' is an AttributeValue of things that can be ranked on some scale of intensity, indicating that they are on the upper level (greater than 0.6 where 1 is maximum) of that scale. This is broadly applicable to properties like heat, odor, or light; diseases; natural phenomena such as wind, hurricane, earthquake, and other things. The WordNet senses 1 and 2 are difficult to distinguish, and are merged in this type. Specific subtypes (such as extreme emotion) may be useful - but are not present in version 0.51. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'extreme' and sense 1 of 'utmost' in WordNet: 1. (15) extreme, utmost, uttermost - (of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity; 'extreme cold'; 'extreme caution'; 'extreme pleasure'; 'utmost contempt'; 'to the utmost degree'; 'in the uttermost distress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Extreme-Quantitative :isMoreIntenseThan :HighlyUnusual ; :ldoce "extreme" ; :wnsense "extreme2adj" ; :wordnet "extreme" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extreme-Quantitative'' is a property that can be assigned to something that is ''Extraordinary'' in some quantitative or objectively measurable way, such as extreme temperature or extreme depth, or extreme danger. This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing ( + Surprising) Extreme-Quantitative (not surprising, just way out there) Astounding Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'extreme' in WordNet: 2. (5) extreme - (far beyond a norm in quantity or amount or degree; to an utmost degree; 'an extreme example'; 'extreme temperatures'; 'extreme danger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighlyUnusual, :Salient . :Extremely :isMoreIntenseThan :Very ; :wnsense "exceedingly1adv", "extremely1adv", "extremely2adv", "extremely3adv", "extremely4adv", "highly1adv", "positively1adv" ; :wordnet "exceedingly", "extremely", "highly", "positively" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Extremely'' is a more intense adverb than 'Very', an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues, of the same qualitative type as the base value, but at a level of intensity *much* greater than the average or typical. This AdverbialModifier selects from a range of values of the attribute it modifies, that mall subset of values that would apply only to a tiny minority (less than 10 ercebt) of the things the attribute modifies. For a less intensive adverb see ''Very''. This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by a adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb. These terms may be used variably by different people; in COSMO they form a hierarchy close to a common linguistic usage. The levels of intensity from low to high are: Somewhat Moderately Rather Very Extremely Includes adverb senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'extremely' and sense 1 of 'positively' in WordNet: 1. (1) highly, extremely - (to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect; 'highly successful'; 'He spoke highly of her'; 'does not think highly of his writing'; 'extremely interesting') 2. (6) extremely - (to an extreme degree; 'extremely cold'; 'extremely unpleasant') 3. (1) super, extremely - (to an extreme degree; 'the house was super clean for Mother's visit') 4. exceedingly, passing, extremely - (to an extreme degree or extent; 'his eyesight was exceedingly defective') WN adverb 'positively 1. (5) positively - (extremely; 'it was positively monumental') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier, :Very . :Extrinsic :isTheOppositeOf :Intrinsic ; :wnsense "extrinsic1adj" ; :wordnet "extrinsic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The opposite of ''intrinsic'' - not intrinsic. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'extrinsic' in Wordnet: 1. extrinsic - (not forming an essential part of a thing or arising or originating from the outside; 'extrinsic evidence'; 'an extrinsic feature of the new building'; 'that style is something extrinsic to the subject'; 'looking for extrinsic aid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Extroverted :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "extroverted2adj", "forthcoming1adj", "outgoing1adj" ; :wordnet "extroverted", "forthcoming", "outgoing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'extroverted' in Wordnet: 2. extroverted, forthcoming, outgoing - (at ease in talking to others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sociable . :Extruding :guid "bd589e46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "extrude1v", "squeeze out5v" ; :wordnet "extrude", "squeeze out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes 'extruding'' ''SolidSubstance's that are ductile enough to pass through a hard enough die. Perhaps the most common 'extruding is in making spaghetti or ground beef, but making wires is alos very common. CYC A collection of events. In each #$Extruding event, the shape of something is changed by forcing it through a die. The #$objectActedOn in an #$Extruding must be in a #$Liquid-StateOfMatter, which also includes plastic/putty-like solids. Unless the die changes shape during the #$Extruding, the output is a generalized cylinder, whose cross-section is the shape of the hole(s) in the die, and whose length is usually much larger than its diameter. Sometimes the output remains in more or less #$Liquid-StateOfMatter, and so quickly loses this shape, such as happens when a soft-ice-cream dispenser extrudes a ribbon of ice cream. See also #$Molding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'extruding' in WordNet: 1. (1) extrude, squeeze out - (form or shape by forcing through an opening; 'extrude steel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FashioningSomething, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial . :Exuding :wnsense "exude1v", "ooze out1v", "ooze1v", "transude1v" ; :wordnet "exude", "ooze", "ooze out", "transude" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Exuding'' is a ''Excreting'' that occurs in small quantities within any minute or so. Contrasts with urinating or defecating as ''Excreting'' in larger quantities. The substances exuded are not necessarly waste products, this can be internal. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exude' in WordNet: 1. (1) exude, exudate, transude, ooze out, ooze - (release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities; 'exude sweat through the pores') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalProductionEvent, :EmittingStuff . :Exultant :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :SuccessfulAction ; :wnsense "exultant1adj", "exulting1adj", "jubilant1adj", "prideful2adj", "rejoicing1adj", "triumphal1adj", "triumphant1adj" ; :wordnet "exultant", "exulting", "jubilant", "prideful", "rejoicing", "triumphal", "triumphant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exultant' in Wordnet: 1. (3) exultant, exulting, jubilant, prideful, rejoicing, triumphal, triumphant - (joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success; 'rejoicing crowds filled the streets on VJ Day'; 'a triumphal success'; 'a triumphant shout') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Joyful, :Proud . :Eye :guid "bd5893be-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "eye" ; :wnsense "eye1n" ; :wordnet "eye" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ExternalOrgan and #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor. Each instance of #$Eye is an organ of sight. SUMO: The Organ of sight. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eye' in WordNet: 1. (264) eye, oculus, optic - (the organ of sight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor, :ExternalOrgan, :FrontAndBackSidedObject . :EyeDisease :en "eye dsease" ; :guid "bf762f38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: 'EyeDisorder'. A disease that affects the ''Eye'' of a mammal. A true malfunction, not just bleary eyes or teariness. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease . :EyeDropSolution :en "eyedrops" ; :guid "bfb9ac48-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eyedrop1n" ; :wordnet "eyedrop" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Instances of #$EyeDropSolution are things such as Visine or eye lubricators, but not solutions used to care for or wear #$ContactLenses. Closest is noun sense 1 of 'eye drop' in WordNet (for only one eye drop): in WordNet: 1. eyedrop, eye-drop - (a drop from an eye dropper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :Mixture, :OverTheCounterDrug . :EyeHole :guid "bd58d5ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eyehole1n", "peephole1n", "spyhole1n" ; :wordnet "eyehole", "peephole", "spyhole" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EyeHole'' is a small ''Hole'' in a surface of some ''SolidObject'' designed to allow a Person to see through or into the object so as to view things inside or on the other side. CYC 'PeepHole': A small hole big enough to see through. This unit can be used in the descriptions of periscopes, telescopes, cameras, etc. Any small ''Hole'' that penetrates a surface may function as a ''EyeHole' even if not intended for that purposes, such as a ''KeyHole''. This is for holes *intended* for the purpose of allowing viewing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyehole' in WordNet: 1. peephole, spyhole, eyehole - (a hole (in a door or an oven etc) through which you can peep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Hole, :Opening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtifactObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Looking ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :EyeMovement :wnsense "eye movement1n" ; :wordnet "eye movement" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'EyeMovement' is any movement performed by an Eye within its ''EyeSocket''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eye movement' in WordNet: 1. eye movement - (the movement of the eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rotation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EyeSocket ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VertebrateEye ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :EyeOpener :wnsense "eye opener2n" ; :wordnet "eye opener" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''EyeOpener'' is a ''SurprisingEvent'' that cases a Person to realize that something is different from what was expected, and that some assumption is incorrect or needs to be modified. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'eye-opener' in WordNet: 2. eye opener - (something surprising and revealing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurprisingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Revealing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LearningAboutaTopic ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :EyeOpening :en "eye opening", "eye-opening", "eyeopening" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''EyeOpening'' is the property of something (information, an Event) that is both ''Surprising'' and ''Revealing''. RHW 'eye-opening': serving as an eyeopener; enlightening: an eye-opening investigation of government corruption. no WN Synset seems to apply. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Revealing, :Surprising . :EyeShadow :guid "bd58a7a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eyeshadow1n" ; :wordnet "eyeshadow" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A colored cosmetic cream or powder applied to the eyelids to accent the eyes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyeshadow' in WordNet: 1. (1) eyeshadow - (makeup consisting of a cosmetic substance used to darken the eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Makeup . :EyeSocket :wnsense "cranial orbit1n", "eye socket1n", "orbit5n", "orbital cavity1n" ; :wordnet "cranial orbit", "eye socket", "orbit", "orbital cavity" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eye socket' in WordNet: 1. (1) eye socket, orbit, cranial orbit, orbital cavity - (the bony cavity in the skull containing the eyeball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyCavity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skull ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eyeball ; owl:onProperty :contains ] . :Eyeball :wnsense "eyeball1n", "orb1n" ; :wordnet "eyeball", "orb" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Eyeball'' is a ''BodyCapsule'' that encloses the Eye of a Vertebrate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyeball' in WordNet: 1. (1) eyeball, orb - (the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyCapsule, :FrontAndBackSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VertebrateEye ; owl:onProperty :contains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ball ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertebrate ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Eyebrow :guid "bd588402-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasPluralForm "eyebrows" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Face ; :wnsense "eyebrow1n" ; :wordnet "eyebrow" ; a :FacialHairType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Physical Object consisting of protective strips of hair over the eyes - not necessarily human. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyebrow' in WordNet: 1. (3) eyebrow, brow, supercilium - (the arch of hair above each eye) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialHair, :MobOfHair-Mammal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :EyeglassLens :en "eyeglass lens" ; :enn "eyeglass lens" ; :guid "bd58d873-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all eyeglass lenses. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lens-Artificial, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eyeglasses ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Eyeglasses :guid "bd58e05b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eyeglasses1n", "glasses1n", "specs1n", "spectacles1n" ; :wordnet "eyeglasses", "glasses", "specs", "spectacles" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all eyeglasses, including sunglasses, monacles, and contact lenses - lensed objects worn on or in front of the eye. This is for eyeglasses with two ''Lens''es,whether those lenses have a single focal length or more (as in ''Bifocals'') COSMO note: this includes monacles and sunglasses. This is classified as a subtype of 'LensedOpticalDevice', which means that it must have a lens. The borderline case of sunglasses that have plane lenses that create no optical distortion is included, because that can be viewed as the limiting case of the weakest power of a lens, zero power. The fact that it is included in a device through which a person looks makes such 'lenses' legitimate examples of 'Lenses', for COSMO. SUMO: ('Eyeglass'): A lens or pair of lenses with or without frames whose purpose is to to correct a defect in vision. This class covers ordinary eye glasses, reading glasses, contact lenses, monocles, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyeglasses', sense 1 of 'glasses' and sense 1 of 'spectacles' in WordNet: 1. spectacles, specs, eyeglasses, glasses - (optical instrument consisting of a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eyewear, :LensedOpticalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EyeglassLens ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seeing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Eyelash :hasPluralForm "eyelashes" ; :isLocatedAtOrOn :HumanHead ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Person ; :wnsense "cilium2n", "eyelash1n", "lash1n" ; :wordnet "cilium", "eyelash", "lash" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is *one* hair from the Group usually referred to as ''Eyelashes'', the hairs protruding from the edge of an ''Eyelid''. The single hair and the group are conflated in the common usage of the word 'eylash' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyelash' in WordNet: 1. eyelash, lash, cilium - (any of the short curved hairs that grow from the edges of the eyelids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanHair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eyelid ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eyelashes ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Eyelashes :en "eyelashes" ; :ennp "eyelashes" ; :guid "bd58b8d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is one of the *Groups* of Hairs that are attached to edge of one or both ''Eyelid''s. A single lash hair is represented by ''Eyelash''. CYC: The little hairs that protrude from eyelids. NOTE: this plural form is not in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MobOfHair-Mammal, :RowOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eyelid ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eyelash ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Eyelid :isDesignedToCover :Eye ; :ldoce "eyelid", "lid" ; :wnsense "eyelid1n", "lid1n", "palpebra1n" ; :wordnet "eyelid", "lid", "palpebra" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :CoveringType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all eyelids. An eyelid is a flap of #$Skin in front of and above or below the eyeball which half covers the #$Eye when the #$Eyelids are closed. The #$Eyelids on one side of the face are closed when #$WinkingAnEye. Those on both sides are closed when #$Blinking or when #$Sleeping. SUMO: Folds of Skin that can be manipulated to cover or uncover Eyes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyelid' and sense 1 of 'lid' in WordNet: 1. (3) eyelid, lid, palpebra - (either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye; \"his lids would stay open no longer\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PortalCovering, :Skin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eye ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Eyeliner :guid "bd58a7e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eyeliner1n" ; :wordnet "eyeliner" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Makeup used to emphasize the contour of the eyes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyeliner ' in WordNet: 1. eyeliner - (makeup applied to emphasize the shape of the eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Makeup . :Eyepiece :wnsense "eyepiece1n", "ocular1n" ; :wordnet "eyepiece", "ocular" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Eyepiece'' is the part of a multi-lens optical instrument (telescope, microscope) into which a user looks, and may be adjusted to focus on the vitual image created by the front lens(es). It magnifies the virtual image as well as focusing the whole image. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyepiece' in WordNet: 1. (1) eyepiece, ocular - (combination of lenses at the viewing end of optical instruments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :HandSizedObject, :LensedOpticalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnifying ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lens ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Eyesore :wnsense "eyesore1n" ; :wordnet "eyesore" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Eyesore'' is something that is ''Ugly' at least in the place where it is located. An abandoned and beat-up vehicle or other object could be an example, or a house that is worn or damaged and unrepaired. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyesore' in WordNet: 1. eyesore - (something very ugly and offensive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanSizedObject, :VisibleThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ugly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutOfPlace ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Eyewear :en "eyewear" ; :enn "eyewear" ; :guid "bf6962da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Object worn on or in front of the eyes, including glasses, monacles, contact lenses. RHW 'eyewear': any of various devices, as spectacles, contact lenses, or goggles, for aiding the vision or protecting the eyes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :HandSizedObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :OpticalInstrument, :PersonalDevice, :SomethingToWear . :Eyewitness :wnsense "eyewitness1n" ; :wordnet "eyewitness" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Eyewitness'' is a 'Witness' who sees an Event, and is able to report that observation. The informing can be by any means, though it is usually in a court of law. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eyewitness' in WordNet: 1. eyewitness - (a spectator who can describe what happened) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Onlooker, :Witness . :FIBO a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to a corresponding element in the FIBO, an ontology of financial entities being developed by the Object Management Group (OMG): see http://www.omg.org/spec/EDMC-FIBO/FND/1.0/Beta1/ """ ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :Fable :wnsense "allegory1n", "fable12", "parable1n" ; :wordnet "allegory", "fable", "parable" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Fable'' is a ''FictionalStory'' that often has animals representing human-like characters .and illustrating some moral. Well-known are the 'Aesop's fables' series. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fable' in WordNet: 2. fable, parable, allegory, apologue - (a short moral story (often with animal characters)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalStory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fantasy ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoralOfaStory ; owl:onProperty :hasInformationContent ] . :Fabric :consistsOfManyOf :Fiber ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; :ldoce "cloth", "material" ; :wnsense "cloth1n", "fabric1n", "material4n", "textile1n" ; :wordnet "cloth", "fabric", "material", "textile" ; a :FabricType, :PorousSheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note' 'Fabric' is a PhysicalSubstance, not one or any collection of objects. COSMO note: 'Clothing' unlike in SUMO, is required to consist of Fabric - those objects worn on the body that are not Fabric are found in 'ClothingAccessory' SUMO: Artifacts that are created by weaving together natural or synthetic fibers (see Cloth) or by treating the skins of certain sorts of Animals (see 'leather'), or by flocking short fibers, as with felt. Note that this Class includes articles that are created by stitching together various types of fabrics, e.g. bedspreads. On the other hand, Clothing is not a subclass of Fabric, because many clothing items contain elements that are not fabrics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fabric' 1 of 'textile', 4 of 'material' and sense 1 of 'cloth' in WordNet: 4. (34) fabric, cloth, material, textile - (artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers; 'the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent'; 'woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC'; 'she measured off enough material for a dress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :SheetlikeSubstance, :Surface-Open . :FabricObject a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object made of some Fabric. A ClothObject is an ArtifactObject. NOTE: this is the parent for Objects made of Fabric. They can be of one piece (a napkin) or of multiple pieces (a suit of clothes). For FabricObjects that are one continuous piece, the subtype ''PieceOfCloth'' can be used. If an object can be of one or more than one piece, this type should be used. To be explicitly self-connected an Object needs to be a 'WholeObject' (same as SUMO 'self-connected' object'), but for FabricObjects, only the subtypes of ''PieceOfCloth'' are. So a suit would be an instance of this type.. THe CYC 'Surface-Physical' can be disconnected: ' A physical surface might have holes, tears, or be unconnected and in multiple pieces; it might be flat, curved, or crumpled. ' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ArtifactObject, :SheetArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fabric ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :FabricType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """FabricType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of ''Fabric'' and an argument restriction for the relations on chemical elements. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceShapeType . :Fabrication :wnsense "assembly2n", "fabricate1v" ; :wordnet "assembly", "fabricate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fabrication' is a subtype of 'Manufacturing' in which the objects created are constructed from parts, in which some parts are also modified in the process. This includes the concepts of 'Assembling' and of 'Manufacturing'. Simple assembling activities may be represented by 'Assembling'. Includes verb sense 1 of 'fabricate' and noun senses 3 and 4 of 'fabrication' in WordNet: 1. manufacture, fabricate, construct - (put together out of components or parts; 'the company fabricates plastic chairs'; 'They manufacture small toys') WN noun 'fabrication': 3. fabrication, manufacture - (the act of making something (a product) from raw materials; 'the synthesis and fabrication of single crystals'; 'an improvement in the manufacture of explosives'; 'manufacturing is vital to Great Britain') 4. fabrication, assembly - (the act of constructing something (as a piece of machinery)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assembling, :Manufacturing . :Facade :wnsense "facade1n", "frontage3n", "frontal3n" ; :wordnet "facade", "frontage", "frontal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Facade'' is the ''FrontSide'' of a ''Building'', where the ''front door'' is located, and which usually faces (is the surface part closest to) the street or pathway on which the building is located, if it is adjacent to a street. NOTE: to specify the building of which this is the front side, use property: ''isAtTheSurfaceOf'' OBJ @PRIM In FOL, more specific relations such as 'isTheFrontSideOf' can be inferred from: ?SUBJ instance of FrontSide ?SUBJ isAtTheSurfaceOf ?OBJ --> ?SUBJ isTheFrontSideOf ?OBJ These relations can also be combined in a SPARQL query. Therefore in the OWL version such more specific relations can be avoided as being non-primitive and unnecessary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'facade' in WordNet: 1. (3) facade, frontage, frontal - (the face or front of a building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontSide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :Face :guid "bd58b919-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Head ; :ldoce "face" ; :wnsense "face7n" ; :wordnet "face" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: The part of the Head from forehead to chin and from ear to ear. NOTE: for the face of a Person use subtype ''HumanFace''. Same as CYC 'FaceOfAnimal': A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart and #$ExternalAnatomicalPart. Each instance of #$FaceOfAnimal is the bodily region of an animal where the eyes of that animal are located. In most terrestrial animals, this is the front region of an animal's head, and it also turns out to be where the nose and mouth are located Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'face' in WordNet: 7. (1) face - (the part of an animal corresponding to the human face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head-Vertebrate ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Face-to-face :isAnAttributeValueOf :Decision, :GroupOfPeople ; :wnsense "face-to-face1adj" ; :wordnet "face-to-face" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'face-to-face' in Wordnet: 1. face-to-face - (in each other's presence; 'a face-to-face encounter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FaceLift :guid "c10af909-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "face lift1n", "face lifting2n", "face-lift1n", "facelift1n", "lift24v", "lift9n", "nip and tuck1n", "rhytidectomy1n", "rhytidoplasty1n" ; :wordnet "face lift", "face lifting", "face-lift", "facelift", "lift", "nip and tuck", "rhytidectomy", "rhytidoplasty" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A surgical procedure in which the skin of the face is drawn taut, from an incision up along the hairline. Face lifts are almost always done purely for cosmetic reasons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'face lift' in WordNet: 1. face lift, facelift, lift, face lifting, cosmetic surgery, rhytidectomy, rhytidoplasty, nip and tuck - (plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised; 'some actresses have more than one face lift') WN verb 'face-lift': 1. face-lift, lift - (perform cosmetic surgery on someone's face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CosmeticSurgery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :FaceShield a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FaceShield'' is a ''ShieldDevice'' that is designed to protect the Face (or most of it) of a Person from injury by objects or radiation that may strike it and cause some form of injury. This is \"PreventingSunburn """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShieldDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProtectingPassively ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :FaceTime :en "face time" ; :enn "face time" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FaceTime'' is a ''Meeting'' in which two or more people who often communicate remotely come together in one place to talk face-to-face. NOTE: RHW gloss say the meeters are acquainted *only* from remote communications, but this type is for people who communicate *mostly* by remote communication: some annual meetings of interest groups are referred to as 'face time'. Includes senses 2 and 3 of RHW 'face time': 2. a brief face-to-face meeting, esp. with someone important. 3. a face-to-face meeting with a person one knows only from phone conversations, e-mail correspondence, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event-Organized, :GoalSituation, :Meeting, :PromisedAction, :SocialInteraction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Date ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face-to-face ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FaceToFaceConflict a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FacingToFaceConflict'' is an ''Opposing'' action in which two or more human agents (Person or group e.g. team or military group) perform the ''ConflictEvent'' in a location where they are close to each other, perhaps but not necessarily in contact with each other (no contact in a debate). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :CoLocatedContestants ] . :FaceVeil :wnsense "face veil1n" ; :wordnet "face veil" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FaceVeil'' is a type of ''Veil'' covering the Face. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'face veil' in WordNet: 1. face veil - (a piece of more-or-less transparent material that covers the face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Veil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Facebook :en "Facebook" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Facebook'' is a 'WebSite' that maintains Sets of ''WebPage''s controlled largely by individual remote users,who add content about themselves and about friends and family and other things, and make some of that available to the general public, and some of it only to selected other users who are registered as 'friends'. One of a number of 'SocialMedia' sites. NOTE this is represented here as a subclass rather than instance of ''WebSite'', as it is frequently changed, and maintained on many computers. WikiPedia: Facebook (FB) is an American online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California and a flagship service of the namesake company Facebook, Inc. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The founders initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students and subsequently Columbia, Stanford, and Yale students. Membership was eventually expanded to the remaining Ivy League schools, MIT, and higher education institutions in the Boston area, then various other universities, and lastly high school students. Since 2006, anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old has been allowed to become a registered user of Facebook, though this may vary depending on local laws. The name comes from the face book directories often given to American university students. The Facebook service can be accessed from devices with Internet connectivity, such as personal computers, tablets and smartphones. After registering, users can create a customized profile revealing information about themselves. They can post text, photos and multimedia which is shared with any other users that have agreed to be their \"friend\", or, with a different privacy setting, with any reader. Users can also use various embedded apps, join common-interest groups, buy and sell items or services on Marketplace, and receive notifications of their Facebook friends' activities and activities of Facebook pages they follow. Facebook claimed that it had more than 2.3 billion monthly active users as of December 2018.[8] However, it faces a big problem of fake accounts. It caught 3 billion fake accounts in the last quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019.[9] Many critics questioned whether Facebook knows how many actual users it has.[9][10][11] No WN sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialMediaWebsite, :SocialNeworkProgram . :FacebookFriendship :en "Facebook friendship" ; :enn "Facebook friendship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FacebookFriendship''is a ''SocialRelationship'' in which two people have established a link as 'Friends' on the Facebook website. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialRelationship, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Facebook ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Internet ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Facepalm :en "facepalm" ; :enn "facepalm" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Facepalm'' is a ''Gesture'' made by a person by putting the palm of the hand on the face. Wikipedia: A facepalm is the physical gesture of placing one's hand across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands, covering or closing one's eyes. The gesture is often exaggerated by giving the motion more force and making a slapping noise when the hand comes in contact with the face. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, exasperation, embarrassment, horror, shock, surprise, exhaustion, sarcasm, or incredulous disbelief. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shrugging ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Facial :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt :Face ; :pertainsTo :Face ; :wnsense "facial1adj" ; :wordnet "facial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Facial''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''Face'' and associated things: ''FacialExpression''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'facial' in Wordnet: 1. facial - (of or concerning the face; 'a facial massage'; 'facial hair'; 'facial expression') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyLocationAttribute . :FacialCare :en "facial care" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FacialCare'' is a form ''PersonalGrooming'' in which someone performs some action (or has it performed by another) to improve the appearance of the ''Face'', such as cutting the eyebrows, trimming a moustache, shaving, or applying makeup, or any of various other types of care, including a 'full facial' represened by subtype ''FullFacial''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalGrooming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ] . :FacialExpression :ldoce "expression", "face" ; :wnsense "expression1n", "face2n", "look1n" ; :wordnet "expression", "face", "look" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FacialExpression' is the a ''Configuration'' of the parts of a Person's face, usually expressing some ''MentalState'', conveying some thought or emotion. This includes a neutral expression, which would be the face without any sign of emotion. A ''FacialExpression'' usually expresses some mental state, though it may occur for other reasons. NOTE that 'face' in this sense is usually prefixed by an emotion word 'sad face', 'angry face': This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'expression' and noun sense 1 of 'look' and sense 2 of 'face' in WordNet: 1. (23) expression, look, aspect, facial expression, face - (the feelings expressed on a person's face; 'a sad expression'; 'a look of triumph'; 'an angry face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gesture, :Sign, :Signal, :VisualInformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalState :MentalEvent :FeelingType :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonalAppearance ] . :FacialExpressionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'FacialExpressionType' is a Configuration of the parts of the Face that is considered as a 'FacialExpression', expressing some MentalState.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :FacialHair :isaFeatureOf :Face ; a :FacialHairType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A beard, moustache, long sideburns, or bushy eyebrows. An instance of 'No_facial_hair' means that none of these features are present.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface . :FacialHairType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of FacialHair as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPartType . :FacialTic :en "facial tic" ; :enn "facial tic" ; :wnsense "tic1n" ; :wordnet "tic" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FacialTic'' is specifically for a 'tic in the face. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tic' in WordNet: 1. tic - (a local and habitual twitching especially in the face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Twitching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recurring ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysiologicalCondition ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Facilitating :eng "facilitating" ; :ldoce "facilitate" ; :wnsense "facilitate1v", "facilitate2v", "facilitate3v" ; :wordnet "facilitate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Facilitating' is a broad category of Events in which some Object (including agents) or Situation (potentially passive and natural) facilitates or assists another Event. For the passive, e.g. an Earth location in a temperate zone facililtates the growing of crops. For example, a 'catalyst' can facilitate a chemical reaction (perhaps a catalyst can be considered an agent?); a downhill slope facilitates skiing For agents helping to expedite events, use 'HelpingSomethingDoSomething'; the more specificsubtype 'HelpingAnAgent' and its subtypes are for helping people. NOTE: the relation 'enablesOrAssists' is closely related and may properly be used to relate participants in Events that fit in this category. A broad sense including senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'facilitate' in Wordnet: 1. (5) facilitate, ease, alleviate - (make easier; 'you could facilitate the process by sharing your knowledge') 2. help, facilitate - (be of use; 'This will help to prevent accidents') 3. facilitate - (increase the likelihood of (a response); 'The stimulus facilitates a delayed impulse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enabling . :FacilitiesPerson :guid "bd58dcef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who provides the upkeep of a professional facility - a building or site - as their job.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker . :Facility-Generic :guid "71b4d5c1-ce6e-11d7-97ff-0002b3a851bb" ; :wnsense "facility1n" ; :wordnet "facility" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Facility-Generic' is a PhysicalObject that is an Artifact large enough for people to be inside (or within the grounds of, for an outdoor facility), and that is designated for or was created for some purpose, such as to provide a service, maufacture objects, provide space for recreation, or study, or worship; this is very general, and there is little specific that can be said about a generic 'facility'. Restrictions may be possible for more specific types of facility. In COSMO a Facility can be as mobile, which is why it is a subtype of 'Structure' rather than the fixed 'ConstructionArtifact'. It may be as concrete as a building, or only a cleared lot with some markings usable as a BaseballField. In any case it should be some human-modified physical object, whether it is the the land or the structures on it, or both. needs 'servesPurpose' ?? OpenCyc: #$Facility-Generic is a specialization of #$GeographicalThing and a generalization of #$OutdoorRecreationArea which also subsumes many specializations of #$ConstructionArtifact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'facility' in WordNet: 1. (35) facility, installation - (a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry; 'the assembly plant is an enormous facility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Place, :Property, :SolidObject, :Structure . :FacingAnOpponent :en "facing off against", "square off against", "squaring off against" ; :wnsense "confront1v", "face2v" ; :wordnet "confront", "face" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FacingAnOpponent'' is an ''Opposing'' action in which one human agent (Person, group, or Organization) begins a ''FaceToFaceConflict'' by coming to the place where the conflict will take place, and begins the 'ConflictEvent'. This differs somewhat from the WN gloss: the COSMO sense is the beginning of a conflict that takes place face-to-face, which is part of the WN sense. The main part of the actual conflict is the full ''ConflictEvent'' that follows the ''FacingAnOpponent''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'face' in WordNet: 2. (33) confront, face - (oppose, as in hostility or a competition; 'You must confront your opponent'; 'Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring'; 'The two enemies finally confronted each other') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FaceToFaceConflict ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face-to-face ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fact :ldoce "fact" ; :wnsense "fact1n", "fact2n", "fact3n", "fact4n" ; :wordnet "fact" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Observation'' (an ''Assertion'') for which there is some credible observable evidence that the Assertion is true, and which is considered true by some IntelligentAgent. This is the general type, and subtypes can reflect individual judgment, and one agent may consider something as true while another agent does not. A single ''Observation'', if not contradicted by other Observations, can produce a ''Fact'' This is an ''Assertion'' in logical form; for a linguistic representation of a ''Fact'' use ''StatementOfFact''. For assertions that have very solid evidence (more than one ''Observation'', believed by more than one reliable observer), with no reasonable dispute, use 'VerifiedFact'. NOTE that an Assertion is *not* the actual things represented by the assertion, it is a representation of some state of affairs. The WordNet senses of 'fact' are difficult to distinguish, but one subtype can be defined, corresponding to sense 3 (observed events or objects with reliable records of the observation); sense 2 appears to represent a linguistic statement (a statement that is asserted as a fact) - this will be represented as a 'StatementOfFact' (a LinguisticAssertion). Sense 1 appears to be for facts relevant to some specific circumstance, but it is not clear that this distinction can be recognized from other facts. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'fact' in Random House webster: 3. a truth known by actual experience or observation; something known to be true: Scientists gather facts about plant growth. The WordNet senses are difficult to distinguish; noun senses 1 to 4 are all included in this type. in WordNet: 1. (415) fact - (a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; 'first you must collect all the facts of the case') 2. (91) fact - (a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; 'he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts') 3. (30) fact - (an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; 'your fears have no basis in fact'; 'how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell') 4. (27) fact - (a concept whose truth can be proved; 'scientific hypotheses are not facts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Observation . :Fact-Based :en "fact-based" ; :enadj "fact-based" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :LinguisticAssertion ; :isTheOppositeOf :Erroneous, :Exaggerated, :Hypothetical, :Imaginary, :Irrational, :NonReal-World ; :pertainsTo :Fact ; :wnsense "factual2adj" ; :wordnet "factual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fact-Based'' is an AttributeValue of an Assertion that is based on verified facts, not on hypothesis or exaggeration or falsification or erroneous reasoning. NOTE: there is No WN or RHW sense for the term 'fact-based' , but it is commonly used in political discussions in the early 2000's, as a contrast to many exaggerated and hypothetical and erroneus arguents put forward in support of or opposition to government policies. WN adj 'factual': 2. factual - (of or relating to or characterized by facts; 'factual considerations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Actual, :Nonfictional, :PertainingAttributeValue, :Real . :Faction :wnsense "faction2n", "sect2n" ; :wordnet "faction", "sect" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Faction'' is an ''ActivityTypeFocusGroup'' that is a subgroup of some GroupOfPeople who differ from others in that group on some issue of policy and choose to pursue their ends primarily by coordinating the activities of the subgroup, rather than working within the main group. A ''Faction'' can be a large group if the parent group is very large, so Fation members in general do not necessarily have contact with each other - as would a Faction in a legislative body. RHW: 1. a group or clique within a larger group, party, government, organization, or the like: a faction in favor of big business. WN has 'sect' as a subtype of ''Clique'' but this type can be large whereas COSMO ''Clique'' is usually a small group in direct contact with each other. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'faction' and part of sense 2 of 'sect' in WordNet: 2. faction, sect - (a dissenting clique) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActivityTypeFocusGroup, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissenting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Factious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Assertion, :GroupOfPeople, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Dissension ; :wnsense "dissentious1adj", "divisive1adj", "factious1adj" ; :wordnet "dissentious", "divisive", "factious" ; a :CausativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'factious' in Wordnet: 1. dissentious, divisive, factious - (dissenting (especially dissenting with the majority opinion)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissension ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing ] . :Factor :wnsense "factor1n" ; :wordnet "factor" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Factor'' is the Role of something of any type that contributes to (plays a role in , is a factor in) causing an Event. This can contribute to PhysicalEvents directly or may partly cause ''MentalEvent's when considered by an IntelligentAgent a in a ''Deciding''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'factor' in WordNet: 1. (355) factor - (anything that contributes causally to a result; 'a number of factors determined the outcome') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :contributedCausallyTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ] . :Factory :guid "bd58e25f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "factory" ; :wnsense "factory1n" ; :wordnet "factory" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a building where ArtifactObjects or substances are produced. Called 'FactoryBuilding' in Cyc. In COSMO this includes not only the external structure, but all the interior elements that are required for its function. NOTE: as a subtype of 'ManufacturingFacility', each instance must specify the object manufactored in it. Cyc: The collection of all factory buildings. This doesn't necessarily mean every building at a given factory, but rather relatively large buildings with assembly lines, machinery, etc. - the common-sense notion of an archetypal factory building. COSMO NOTE that 'Factory' is a subtype of 'CommercialFacility'. If a government or non-profit organization can have a Factory for producing materials consumed by itself, then a Factory will have to be unlinked from 'CommercialFacility'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'factory' in WordNet - the sense where the factory is one building: in WordNet: 1. (18) factory, mill, manufacturing plant, manufactory - (a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :ManufacturingFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Manufacturing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :FactualText :wnsense "nonfiction1n", "nonfictional prose1n" ; :wordnet "nonfiction", "nonfictional prose" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of AbstractTexts that purport to reveal facts about the world. Such texts are often known as information or as non-fiction. Note that something can be an instance of FactualText, even if it is wholly inaccurate. Whether something is a FactualText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating the text.. (from SUMO). NOTE: a ''FactualText'' is an ''AbstractTexts'' produced by someone making an honest effort to report 'facts'. Intentionally fictional ''AbstractTexts'' are represented under ''Fictionaltext''. Those assertions that merely express feelings, beliefs, unfounded theories, gossip, rumor, conspiracy theories and the like are represented under ''QuestionableInformation''. NOTE: ''AbstractTexts'', whether factual, fictional, or questionable, will usually be a representation of some abstract propositional content that is a subtype of ''Information-Content''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonfiction' in WordNet: 1. (4) nonfiction, nonfictional prose - (prose writing that is not fictional) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :TextualPCW . :Faculty :wnsense "faculty2n", "staff2n" ; :wordnet "faculty", "staff" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Faculty''' is a ''SocialBody''consisting of all of the teachers at some educational institution.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'faculty' in WordNet: 2. (3) staff, faculty - (the body of teachers and administrators at a school; 'the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialBody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FacultyMember ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :FacultyMember :wnsense "faculty member1n" ; :wordnet "faculty member" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FacultyMember' is a Teacher employed (perhaps non-salaried?) by some 'EducationalOrganization'. NONTE this type includes secondary and primary schools, and is broader than the WordNet synset suggests. The higher-education faculty members are represented by the subtype 'CollegeFacultyMember'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'faculty member' in WordNet: 1. academician, academic, faculty member - (an educator who works at a college or university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Teacher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :EducationalOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Faculty ] . :Fad :wnsense "craze1n", "cult2n", "fad1n", "furor1n", "furore1n", "rage5n" ; :wordnet "craze", "cult", "fad", "furor", "furore", "rage" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Fad'' is a popular 'BehaviorPreference' shared by a significant number of people (from a dozen to many millions) over some interval of time, often no more than a few years. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fad' in WordNet: 1. fad, craze, furor, furore, cult, rage - (an interest followed with exaggerated zeal; 'he always follows the latest fads'; 'it was all the rage that season') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fashion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trendy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Faded :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Fading ; :wnsense "faded1adj" ; :wordnet "faded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of things that have levels of intensity, indicating that the current level is lower than some prior reference level. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'faded' in WordNet: 1. (7) bleached, faded, washed-out, washy - (having lost freshness or brilliance of color; 'sun-bleached deck chairs'; 'faded jeans'; 'a very pale washed-out blue'; 'washy colors') 2. (3) attenuate, attenuated, faded, weakened - (reduced in strength; 'the faded tones of an old recording') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decreased . :Fading :en "die down", "die out", "fade away", "fading" ; :wnsense "blow over1v", "evanesce1v", "fade1v", "fade3v", "fleet2v", "melt5v", "pass13v" ; :wordnet "blow over", "evanesce", "fade", "fleet", "melt", "pass" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fading'' is a ''DecreaseEvent'' in which the intensity or magnitude of some value decreases spontaneously or seemingly spontaneously, without the direct effort of an Agent. For Actions where an Agent causes a decrease in some value, use ''LoweringaValue'' or ''Reduction''. This usually implies that the decrease occurs gradualy, but there is no upper or lower limit on the speed of the decrease. for this type. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'fade' in Wordnet: 1. (6) fade, melt - (become less clearly visible or distinguishable; disappear gradually or seemingly; 'The scene begins to fade'; 'The tree trunks are melting into the forest at dusk') 3. (4) evanesce, fade, blow over, pass off, fleet, pass - (disappear gradually; 'The pain eventually passed off') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Faggot :wnsense "faggot2n" ; :wordnet "faggot" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Faggot' is a ''Sheaf'' consisting of multiple ''LongAndThinObject''s, such as a ''Rod'' or ''Cord''. This is not the traditional sense of 'faggot', but is the closest common word to this meaning. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'faggot' in WordNet: 2. fagot, faggot - (a bundle of sticks and branches bound together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sheaf, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :LongAndThinObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :FahrenheitDegree :ldoce "degree" ; :wnsense "degree Fahrenheit1n", "degree4n" ; :wordnet "degree", "degree Fahrenheit" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TemperatureMeasure that is commonly used in the United States. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32 FahrenheitDegrees, and the boiling point of water is 212 FahrenheitDegrees. Corresponds to part of sense 3 of 'degree' and sense 1 of degree Fahrenheit in WordNet: 4. (7) degree - (a unit of temperature on a specified scale; 'the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature') 1. (3) degree Fahrenheit, F - (a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemperatureMeasure . :Failed :en "failed" ; :enadj "failed" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :AttemptingActivity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Successful ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Failed' is an AttributeValue of an ''AttemptingActivity'' whose goals were not accomplished. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Failing :isAnAttributeValueOf :Business ; :isTheOppositeOf :Profitable ; :wnsense "failed1adj", "failing1adj" ; :wordnet "failed", "failing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Failing'' is an AttributeValue of a ''Business'' that is in debt and continuing to lose money from its operations. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'failing' in Wordnet: 1. failed, failing - (unable to meet financial obligations; 'a failing business venture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FailingAnExam :en "fail an exam" ; :eng "failing an exam" ; :wnsense "bomb2v", "fail7v", "flunk1v", "flush it1v" ; :wordnet "bomb", "fail", "flunk", "flush it" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FailingAnExam'' is a ''PassingaTest'' in which the 'test' is an ''Exam''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flunk' in WordNet: 1. fail, flunk, bomb, flush it - (fail to get a passing grade; 'She studied hard but failed nevertheless'; 'Did I fail the test?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PassingaTest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :TestOfSkill ] . :FailingToArrive :ldoce "miss" ; :wnsense "miss5v" ; :wordnet "miss" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FailingToArrive' is an Event in which some IntelligentAgent attempts to reach the location of an event, at a specific time: (a meeting, a performance, the departure of a vehicle), but does not arrive at the time intended. The arrival can occur later than intended, and the absence at the intended time would still be a FailingToArrive. This type is any action which is both a 'MissingAnAppointment' and a 'Failing' Event. The 'FailingToArrive' could be a failure to be present only at some *part* of an Event: the beginning, the end, or any part of the middle. This applies to missing the departure of a vehicle from some location. 'missed the concert'; 'missed the first five minutes of the movie'; 'missed the plane'. Missing the departure of a vehicle is usually expressed in English as 'missing' the vehicle - 'missed the train', and it is understood that it is the departure and boarding process that is missed. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'miss' in WordNet: 5. (5) miss - (fail to reach or get to; 'She missed her train') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Failure, :MissingAnAppointment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArrivingAtAPlace ] . :FailingToCollide :ldoce "miss" ; :wnsense "miss7v" ; :wordnet "miss" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FailingToCollide'' is a motion in which some moving object does *not* impact another (specified) object, though it was moving toward or aimed at the second (target) object, or passed close. This is general, covering both unintentional or natural Actions that could have resulted in a ''Colliding', and ''PurposefulAction''s such as ''ShootingAtaTarget''. 'the asteroid missed the Earth'; 'the planes missed each other by a few feet' For 'ShootingAtaTarget'' actions that miss the mark use subtype ''MissingaTarget''. See also ''Impelling'' and related concepts. Includes but is broader than verb sense 7 of 'miss' in WordNet: 7. (4) miss - (fail to reach; 'The arrow missed the target') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DidNotHappenEvent, :Translation-LocationChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ; owl:someValuesFrom :Colliding ] . :FailingToHear :en "fail to hear", "failing to hear", "missing a comment" ; :enn "failing to hear", "missing a comment" ; :env "fail to hear" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FailingToHear'' is a ''FailingToPerceive'' in which the type of ''Perceiving'' not performed is a ''Hearing'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FailingToPerceive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hearing ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ] . :FailingToPerceive :ldoce "miss" ; :wnsense "miss1v" ; :wordnet "miss" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FailingToPerceive' is an Event in which some IntelligentAgent does not perceive something which might have been perceived with more directed attention. This is used to express a failure to hear a remark made within earshot, or to see an object that is visible to the perceiver. The potential perceiver may not in fact be trying to perceive the thing not perceived, and this is therefore not necessarily a subtype of 'Failing'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'miss' in WordNet; this does not include failure to understand, which is represented by 'FailureToUnderstand': in WordNet: 1. (16) miss, lose - (fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind; 'I missed that remark'; 'She missed his point'; 'We lost part of what he said') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Failure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceiving ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ] . :FailingToUnderstand :ldoce "miss" ; :wnsense "miss1v" ; :wordnet "miss" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FailingToUnderstand' is an Action in which some IntelligentAgent perceives some information during a Communication, but does not fully understand the expressed meaning. The information may be transmitted orally or in writing. This type is used to express the notion that some part of the meaning of a Communication is 'missed' (not properly understood); this assumes that the information that is missed could be derived from the communication by someone with sufficient background and intelligence. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'miss' in WordNet - the part meaning 'fail to perceive with the mind'. Failing to perceive with the senses is represented as 'FailingToPerceive': in WordNet: 1. (16) miss, lose - (fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind; 'I missed that remark'; 'She missed his point'; 'We lost part of what he said') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Failure, :Perceiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ; owl:someValuesFrom :Understanding ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :Bafflement ] . :Failure :en "failing" ; :ldoce "fail", "failure" ; :wnsense "fail2v", "failure1n" ; :wordnet "fail", "failure" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Failure'' is an AttemptingActivity that does not succeed. To 'fail' is a meta-assertion about some action. For each instance of Failing, the action (or ActionType) attempted must be specified. NOTE that if the AttemptingActivity is an attempt to arrive at and be present at some Event, a 'Failing' can also be an instance of 'MissingAnAppointment' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fail' and noun sense 1 of 'failure' in WordNet: 2. (33) fail, go wrong, miscarry - (be unsuccessful; 'Where do today's public schools fail?'; 'The attempt to rescue the hostages failed miserably') WN 'failure' 1. (18) failure - (an act that fails; 'his failure to pass the test') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :DidNotHappenEvent, :UndesirableEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Failed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Faint :isLessIntenseThan :Mild ; :ldoce "weak" ; :wnsense "dim2adj", "faint1adj", "faint2adj", "weak10adj" ; :wordnet "dim", "faint", "weak" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Faint' is an AttributeValue of things that can be ranked on some scale of intensity, indicating that they are at the lowest level of intensity, lower than 'Mild' (less than 0.15 where 1 is maximum) of that scale. This is broadly applicable to perceptible properties like heat, odor, or light; diseases; natural phenomena such as wind, hurricane, earthquake, feelings, and other things. Synonyms would be 'barely perceptible' or 'difficult to detect'. Includes adjective sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'faint' and adj sense 10 of 'weak' in WordNet: 1. (5) faint, weak - (deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc; 'a faint outline'; 'the wan sun cast faint shadows'; 'the faint light of a distant candle'; 'weak colors'; 'a faint hissing sound'; 'a faint aroma'; 'a weak pulse') 2. (5) dim, faint, shadowy, vague, wispy - (lacking clarity or distinctness; 'a dim figure in the distance'; 'only a faint recollection'; 'shadowy figures in the gloom'; 'saw a vague outline of a building through the fog'; 'a few wispy memories of childhood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue . :FaintingEvent :guid "bd588a5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "faint" ; :wnsense "conk4v", "deliquium1n", "faint1n", "faint1v", "pass out1v", "swoon1n", "swoon1v", "syncope1n" ; :wordnet "conk", "deliquium", "faint", "pass out", "swoon", "syncope" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a person loses consciousness and physically collapses. Fainting occurs as a result of various causes, including physical shocks and strong emotions of surprise, grief, or fear. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'faint' in WordNet: 1. (1) faint, conk, swoon, pass out - (pass out from weakness, physical or emotional distress due to a loss of blood supply to the brain) WN noun 'swoon': 1. faint, swoon, syncope, deliquium - (a spontaneous loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood to the brain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :Unconsciousness ] . :Faintly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Faint ; :wnsense "faintly1adv", "weakly1adv" ; :wordnet "faintly", "weakly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'faintly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) faintly - (to a faint degree or weakly perceived; 'between him and the dim light a form was outlined faintly'; 'stars shining faintly through the overcast'; 'could hear his distant shouts only faintly'; 'the rumors weren't even faintly true') WN adverb 'weakly': 1. (2) weakly - (in a weak or feeble manner or to a minor degree; 'weakly agreed to a compromise';'wheezed weakly'; 'he was weakly attracted to her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Fair :isLessIntenseThan :Good ; :isMoreIntenseThan :So-so ; :wnsense "average3adj", "fair6adj" ; :wordnet "average", "fair" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute value that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is average or slightly better than average, but not 'Good'. 'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top 'Good' and the bottom 'Bad' Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 6 of 'fair' in WordNet: 6. average, fair, mediocre, middling - (lacking exceptional quality or ability; 'a novel of average merit'; 'only a fair performance of the sonata'; 'in fair health'; 'the caliber of the students has gone from mediocre to above average'; 'the performance was middling at best') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue . :FairPlay :en "fair play" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FairPlay'' is a 'MannerOfBehavior' that is characterized by an attitude of ''Impartiality'' and has the attribute ''Impartial''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MannerOfBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impartial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impartiality ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Fairness :en "evenhandedness" ; :wnsense "fairness2n" ; :wordnet "fairness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fairness'' is an ''Impartiality'' that pertains to how people treat or judge other people, and that predisposes a Person to treat all or most people egually and ''Fairly'', not favoring one over another unless objective facts or circumstances warrant such a choice.. Also terned 'evenhandedness'', but that is not in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fairness' in WordNet: 2. fairness, fair-mindedness, candor, candour - (ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attitude, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tendency ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fairway :guid "c0fbb89e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fairway1n" ; :wordnet "fairway" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fairway'' is a stretch mostly level land in a GolfCourse between the Tee and the Green,which has grass well mowed. CYC: A kind of subregion of a golf course, where the ball is hit a long distance over a grassy stretch free of obstacles like trees. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fairway' in WordNet: 1. (2) fairway - (the area between the tee and putting green where the grass is cut short) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandSite, :Lawn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfCourse ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Turf ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grassy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :hadMissingThing ] . :Fairy :guid "bf08fe38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fairy" ; :wnsense "faerie1n", "faery1n", "fairy1n", "sprite1n" ; :wordnet "faerie", "faery", "fairy", "sprite" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Fairy is a smallish to human-sized imaginary creature with magic powers, which may look like a very small person. It may have wings, like Tinker Bell, or be human-sized as with Cinderella's 'Fairy Godmother'. RHW 'sprite': an elf, fairy, or goblin. BUT a 'Fairy' is not a Person, so it is not a 'MagicPerson'. NOTE that as an Animal, a Fairy has mass - in the mythical context. But the size may vary, so it can only be specified vaguely, as a 'PortableObject' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fairy' in WordNet: 1. (1) fairy, faery, faerie, fay, sprite - (a small being, human in form, playful and having magical powers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :HumanScaleObject, :IntelligentAgent, :MythicalThing, :SentientAnimal, :SupernaturalBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbilityToPerformMagic ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Faithful :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Faithfulness ; :ldoce "faithful" ; :wnsense "faithful1adj" ; :wordnet "faithful" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Faithful is an Attribute of a person who is reliable in being affectionate or considerate of another person, group, or cause or reliably holds to some principle or belief. 'Faithful' indicates a greater commitment of Feeling to the object of faithfulness than does the neutral 'Reliable'. When used to modify an Action or FunctionalProcess, as in 'faithful service', this Attribute characterizes the attitude of the person performing that Action, which is evidenced by the Action and the manner in which it is carried out. NOTE that 'loyal' is a subtype of this type. 'Loyal' in COSMO does not differentiate among the things to which one may be loyal. Each type of object of loyalty (friend, country, principle) may be viewed as defining a different subtype of loyalty, but the differences are not distinct enough to create a need for differentiation at the level of primitive concepts. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'faithful' in WordNet. 1. (5) faithful - (steadfast in affection or allegiance; 'years of faithful service'; 'faithful employees'; 'we do not doubt that England has a faithful patriot in the Lord Chancellor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reliable . :FaithfulMuslims :believes :Islam ; :en "muslims" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :partsHaveTypeInCommon :MuslimPerson ; a :MuslimGroup . :Faithfulness :guid "bd58957e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "faithfulness1n", "fidelity2n" ; :wordnet "faithfulness", "fidelity" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling that inspires a person to be Faithful to something or someone. This is the Feeling, which is an Event. The attribute of being faithful is ''Faithful''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'faithfulness' and noun sense 2 of 'fidelity' in WordNet: 1. fidelity, faithfulness - (the quality of being faithful) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :Falcon :guid "bd58ea6c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "falcon1n" ; :wordnet "falcon" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'falcon' in WordNet: 1. (2) falcon - (diurnal birds of prey having long pointed powerful wings adapted for swift flight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FalconiformOrder, :Hawk . :FalconiformOrder :guid "be97ad4a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Falconiformes1n", "order Falconiformes1n" ; :wordnet "Falconiformes", "order Falconiformes" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The order Falconiformes, comprising the vultures, hawks, eagles, ospreys, falcons, caracaras, etc. They are swift and graceful, and known for their raptorial, or predatory, skills. The have hooked beaks, and highly developed senses of sight and hearing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Falconiformes' in WordNet: 1. Falconiformes, order Falconiformes - (chiefly diurnal carnivorous birds having hooked beaks and long talons with opposable hind toe: falcons; hawks; eagles; ospreys; caracaras; vultures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirdOfPrey, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongTalon ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :FalklandIslands a :Country . :FallSeason :guid "bd58b734-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "autumn", "fall" ; :wnsense "autumn1n", "fall1n" ; :wordnet "autumn", "fall" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Fall is interpreted as the calendar interval that occurs at different times of year in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. This is closer to SUMO than to Cyc usage for this term. Cyc: A specialization of #$SeasonOfYear. Each instance of #$FallSeason is the season during a temperate climate cycle (see #$TemperateClimateCycle) during which the bulk of harvesting occurs and many plants cease growth in order to enter a dormant period for the coming Winter. Thus instances of #$FallSeason also typically have harvest celebrations as sub-events. Note that #$FallSeason represents the climatic aspects of Fall; it is _not_ a specialization of #$CalendarSeason. For the collection of temporal extents of fall seasons, see #$CalendarAutumn. SUMO: The SeasonOfYear that begins at the autumnal equinox and ends at the winter solstice. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'autumn' in WordNet: 1. (7) fall, autumn - - (the season when the leaves fall from the trees; \"in the fall of 1973\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeasonOfYear ; owl:disjointWith :SpringSeason, :SummerSeason, :WinterSeason ; owl:equivalentClass :Autumn . :Fallacy :wnsense "fallacy1n", "false belief1n" ; :wordnet "fallacy", "false belief" ; a :BeliefType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ErroneousBelief' is a Belief that does not Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fallacy' in WordNet: 1. fallacy, false belief - (a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ErroneousBelief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProvablyFalse ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ErroneousReasoning ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] ; owl:disjointWith :Knowledge . :Fallen :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FallingEvent ; :wnsense "fallen1adj" ; :wordnet "fallen" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of Objects that have experienced a FallingEvent due to gravity, including things that have fallen from a vertical to a horizontal position without changing the location of the base, such as a Tree. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fallen' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fallen - (having dropped by the force of gravity; 'fallen leaves covered the forest floor'; 'sat on a fallen tree trunk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Falling :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :FallingEvent ; :wnsense "dropping1adj", "falling3adj" ; :wordnet "dropping", "falling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Falling'' is for Objects that are decreasing in altitude above the ground, usually under gravity (or possibly due to other forces in a gravity-free space with an artficial 'gravity'). Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'falling' in Wordnet: 3. dropping, falling - (coming down freely under the influence of gravity; 'the eerie whistle of dropping bombs'; 'falling rain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Falling-Freefall :hasCorrespondingProcess :FallingProcess ; :ldoce "fall" ; :wnsense "drop2v", "fall1v" ; :wordnet "drop", "fall" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Falling-Freefall' is an Event in which the center of gravity of an unsupported or PhysicalObject moves directly downward under the influence of gravity, with nothing (other than wind resistance) to cause a deviation from the vertical direction. This sense corresponds to sense 1 of 'fall' and verb sense 2 of 'drop' in WordNet. The two senses appear identical, but are in different branches of the hierarchy in WordNet: 1. (46) fall - (descend in free fall under the influence of gravity; 'The branch fell from the tree'; 'The unfortunate hiker fell into a crevasse') WN 'drop' 2. drop - (to fall vertically; 'the bombs are dropping on enemy targets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FallingEvent . :FallingEvent :guid "bd58d896-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasCorrespondingProcess :FallingProcess ; :ldoce "fall" ; :wnsense "drop2v", "fall1v" ; :wordnet "drop", "fall" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FallingEvent is an Event in which the center of gravity of an unsupported or not-stably-supported PhysicalObject moves downward under the influence of gravity, in a gravitational field. Because of air resistance, the downward motion does not have to accelerate throughout the fall. The FallingEvent terminates when the motion downward terminates. This includes both falling without any support, and 'TopplingEvent' in which a supported object leans sufficiently to one side that it falls to a more stable position (because the center of gravity is not above the supported base). For falling in freefall (not 'toppling') use 'Falling-Freefall'. CYC The collection of occurrences in which the center of gravity of the #$objectMoving moves to a lower altitude. Includes both #$Falling-Freefall and #$FallingDown. Part of this sense corresponds to sense 1 of 'fall' and verb sense 2 of 'drop' in WordNet, but this is broader, including 'toppling', as when a tree falls: The two senses appear identical, but are in differnt branches of the hierarchy in WordNet: 1. (46) fall - (descend in free fall under the influence of gravity; 'The branch fell from the tree'; 'The unfortunate hiker fell into a crevasse') WN 'drop' 2. drop - (to fall vertically; 'the bombs are dropping on enemy targets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Descending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AltitudeValue ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gravity ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :FallingFromaStandingPosition :en "fallng", "fallng down" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FallingFromaStandingPosition'' is a ''FallingEvent'' in which a Person who is standing or walking or running (feet on the ground or floor) loses balance and falls down. This is anEvent that can cause harmto a Person's body. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FallingEvent, :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncurringAnInjury ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :FallingObject :en "falling object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FallingObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that is falling in freefall, i.e. not restrained by any path or object supporting it from below. Such a ''FallingObject'' is the agent in a ''Falling-Freefall'' Event. This is disjoint with anything supported on the surface of the Earth. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Falling-Freefall ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ] . :FallingPerson :en "falling object" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FallingPerson'' is a ''FallingObject'' that is a ''Person'' who is falling in freefall. This is used to describe the function of a ''Parachute''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FallingObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Falling-Freefall ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ] . :FallingProcess :guid "bd588129-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A moving process in which a not completely supported object moves downward under the force of gravity. Since time slice is also a #$FallingProcess, the collision with the ground or some other object is not a necessary #$subEvents as it is with #$FallingEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalProcess . :FallingWithaCrash :ldoce "crash", "fall" ; :wnsense "crash1v" ; :wordnet "crash" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """FallingWithaCrash is a CrashingEvent that is also a FallingEvent - a fall that ends in a collision that does some damage. A gentle drop of something from the table to the rug, doing no damage, is a FallingEvent but not a FallingWithCrash. If a glass object falls and breaks, it is a FallingWithaCrash.. This sense corresponds to sense 1 of crash WordNet: by 'CollidingWithaCrash' in WordNet: 1. (9) crash - (fall or come down violently; 'The branch crashed down on my car'; 'The plane crashed in the sea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrashingEvent, :FallingEvent . :Fallout :wnsense "fallout1n" ; :wordnet "fallout" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Radioactive powder that is typically dispersed by the explosion of a nuclear weapon.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fallout' in Wordnet: 1. (10) fallout, radioactive dust - (the radioactive particles that settle to the ground after a nuclear explosion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Powder, :RadioactiveSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NuclearExplosion ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Radioactive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :False :ldoce "false" ; :wnsense "false1adj" ; :wordnet "false" ; a :TrueOrFalse ; rdfs:comment """'False' is an instance of TruthValue that characterize an Assertion as not in accordance with reliably known facts. See also 'KnownToBeFalse' for characterizing mistaken or incorrect assertions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'false' in WordNet: 1. (9) false - (not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality; 'gave false testimony under oath'; 'false tales of bravery') """ . :FalseEvidence :en "false evidence", "manufactured evidence" ; :enn "false evidence", "manufactured evidence" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FalseEvidence'' is ''Evidence'' that is presented knowing it is false, by anyone but most often by a prosecutor or member of the police, in order to convict a Person who may or may not have committed a crime. This is done when the true evidence is considered insufficient for conviction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Crime :ActionType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isEvidenceFor ] . :FalseInaContext :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposition ; :isTheOppositeOf :TrueInaContext ; :refersToExternalEntity :Context ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FalseInaContext'' is an Attribute of Propositions (including Assertions) that 'conform to' the Situation in some Context. if the Context is a ''FictionalContext'' then something ''FalseInaContext'' for that context is not likely to be ''FalseInTheRealWorld''. For 'true' and 'false' as values of a true/false assertion use ''True'' or ''False''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Falsehood :wnsense "falsehood1n" ; :wordnet "falshood" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Assertion that is factually false. The person asserting this may not know it is false, therefore it is not necessarily a lie. NOTE that this is the abstract content of a false assertion, not the linguistic representation. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'falsehood' in WordNet: 1. falsehood, falsity, untruth - (a false statement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :False ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Faltering :wnsense "falter1n", "falter1v", "faltering1n", "hesitation1n", "waver2n", "waver2v" ; :wordnet "falter", "faltering", "hesitation", "waver" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Faltering'' is a ''PausingAction'' caused by some formof uncertainty in the agent as to what to do next. This can be caused by almost anything that occurs to the agent - forgetting, observing something (such as the reaction of others) or a thought that just occurs, or any other thing. Howeveri a 'Hesitation Waltz' the hesitation is not due to uncertainty, but planned. Not an instance of this. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'falter' in WordNet: 1. (3) falter, waver - (be unsure or weak; 'Their enthusiasm is faltering') WN noun 'faltering': 1. (1) hesitation, waver, falter, faltering - (the act of pausing uncertainly; 'there was a hesitation in his speech') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PausingAction, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOfUncertainty ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Fame :ldoce "fame" ; :wnsense "celebrity2n", "fame1n", "renown1n" ; :wordnet "celebrity", "fame", "renown" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fame' is a SocialState (a PersistentState) of 'SocialSuccess' (a subtype of 'BeingRecognized') in which the recognition is spread very widely, among more than a few people, and the deed(s) for which a Person is recognized are generally considered as good things. For wide recognition for doing bad things, use 'Notoriety'. For recognition to be wide enough to apply the state of 'Fame', it can be spread among even a small community, but the community must be larger than a single family; a group larger than one in which people usually all know each other is required - perhaps at least 100 people, A person can have 'Fame' within a large corporation. Corresponds to the 'state' subsense of noun sense 1 of 'fame' in WordNet; the 'quality' is represented in COSMO by 'Famous'. in WordNet: 1. (8) fame, celebrity, renown - (the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialSuccess . :Familiar :isTheOppositeOf :Unknown ; :ldoce "familiar" ; :wnsense "familiar1adj" ; :wordnet "familiar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things that are ''Well-known'', but not necessarily 'Famous' (which is a subtype). See also 'Common'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'familiar' in WordNet: 1. (23) familiar - (well known or easily recognized; 'a familiar figure'; 'familiar songs'; 'familiar guests') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Well-known . :Familiarity :wnsense "acquaintance1n", "conversance1n", "conversancy1n", "familiarity1n" ; :wordnet "acquaintance", "conversance", "conversancy", "familiarity" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Familiarity'' is a form of ''Knowledge'' acquired through one or more Experiences with some entity - Object or Event.. The thing with which the holder is 'familiar' is pointed to by the relation 'hasTopic'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'familiarity' in WordNet: 1. (2) acquaintance, familiarity, conversance, conversancy - (personal knowledge or information about someone or something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationObject, :Knowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Experience ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Familiarization :wnsense "familiarisation1n", "familiarization1n" ; :wordnet "familiarisation", "familiarization" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Familiarization'' is a Group of ''BackgroundExperiences'' (a protracted series of ''Experience'' s) that impart to a Person a significant degree of ''Knowledge'' about the type of task performed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'familiarization' in WordNet: 1. familiarization, familiarisation - (the experience of becoming familiar with something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BackgroundExperiences, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knowledgeable ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :Family-Human :guid "bd58a53a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "family" ; :wnsense "family1n", "family2n", "home7n", "house4n", "household1n" ; :wordnet "family", "home", "house", "household" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: A GroupOfPeople, usually related by birth and mating, sometimes by cohabiting without formal marriage. The family may be nuclear (mother, father, children) or extended (including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and sometimes more distant relatives. NOTE that no one type of family member (mother, father, child) is essential to form a family, so there are no easily identifiable absolute restrictions. Inlcludes sense 1 and 2 of 'family'in WordNet: 1. (388) family, household, house, home, menage - (a social unit living together; 'he moved his family to Virginia'; 'It was a good Christian household'; 'I waited until the whole house was asleep'; 'the teacher asked how many people made up his home') 2. (381) family, family unit - (primary social group; parents and children; 'he wanted to have a good job before starting a family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KinshipGroup . :FamilyLine :ldoce "family" ; :wnsense "family line1n", "family3n", "folk3n", "kinfolk1n" ; :wordnet "family", "family line", "folk", "kinfolk" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FamilyLine'' is a ''KinshipGroup'', related by birth and mating, broader and more inclusive than ''Family-Human'', approximately the same as the technical term ''Sib''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'family line' in WordNet: 1. family, family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry - (people descended from a common ancestor; 'his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KinshipGroup . :FamilyNameString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FamilyNameString is a NameString that was given to some person, at birth or by some legal process, that serves the same function as a family name or surname. In many cultures it is usually the same FamilyName as the FamilyName of the father, but that is not necessarily always true. A particular FamilyNameString may be the FamilyName for many people."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :NameString . :FamilyOfTypes :ldoce "family" ; :wnsense "family4n" ; :wordnet "family" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Sort (type) that is not at the bottom ('leaf') level in a classification scheme, having other Sorts (types) at a lower level. This is exemplified by the biological 'family' of the Linnaean classification scheme. @ToDo: should this be a metaclass? See taxon types. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'family' in WordNet; the sense of 'family' in the synset 'class, category, family' is also included, but 'category' and 'class' are included in the parent type 'Sort', which is a broader sense of categorization than this one, which requires some hierarchy of types. NOTE that a biological 'family', as well as other biological categorizations down to 'genus' would be a subtype of this type in WordNet: WN 'family' 6. (7) family - ((biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera; 'sharks belong to the fish family') WN 'category' 1. class (178), category (17), family (22) - (a collection of things sharing a common attribute; 'there are two classes of detergents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sort . :Famine :guid "be5bef99-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "famine2n" ; :wordnet "famine" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Famine'' is a ''Disaster'' in which many people are starving due to lack of food in an area that causes intense hunger and starvation. CYC: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$DisasterEvent. Each instance of #$Famine is an event taking place in a contiguous geographical area in which a lot of people are undergoing #$Starvation. NOTE: the restriction requires that at least two people die of starvation in order to qualify as a ''Famine''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'famine' in WordNet: 2. famine - (a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disaster, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortageOfFood ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Starvation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeathOfaPerson ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Famished :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Hunger ; :wnsense "esurient1adj", "famished1adj", "ravenous1adj", "sharp-set1adj", "starved2adj" ; :wordnet "esurient", "famished", "ravenous", "sharp-set", "starved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of an Animal that is extremely ''Hungry''. NOTE:'esurient' is aso used to mean 'greedy' - a sense not included here. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'famished' in Wordnet: 1. famished, ravenous, sharp-set, starved, esurient - (extremely hungry; 'they were tired and famished for food and sleep'; 'a ravenous boy'; 'the family was starved and ragged'; 'fell into the esurient embrance of a predatory enemy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue, :Hungry . :Famotidine :guid "c0fd5c82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Pepcid1n", "famotidine1n" ; :wordnet "Pepcid", "famotidine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The chemical compound which is used to treat peptic acid problems. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'famotidine' in WordNet: 1. famotidine, Pepcid - (a histamine blocker (trade name Pepcid) used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis and esophageal reflux) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance . :Famous :en "acclaimed" ; :enadj "acclaimed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Fame ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unknown ; :ldoce "famous" ; :wnsense "celebrated1adj", "famed1adj", "famous1adj", "far-famed1adj", "illustrious1adj", "notable2adj", "noted1adj", "renowned1adj" ; :wordnet "celebrated", "famed", "famous", "far-famed", "illustrious", "notable", "noted", "renowned" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - people, events, objects - that have distinctive qualities that make them widely known. This is a higher degree of distinctiveness than 'Familiar' and is sufficiently distinctive to be 'Salient'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'famous', 'famed', 'renowned', 'celebrated', 'illustrious' and 'far-famed', and sense 2 of 'notable' in WordNet: 1. (21) celebrated, famed, far-famed, famous, illustrious, notable, noted, renowned - (widely known and esteemed; 'a famous actor'; 'a celebrated musician'; 'a famed scientist'; 'an illustrious judge'; 'a notable historian'; 'a renowned painter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Familiar, :Salient, :SocialStatusAttribute . :FamousHuman :guid "bd58e66b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "figure" ; :wnsense "figure5n", "name4n", "public figure1n" ; :wordnet "figure", "name", "public figure" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HomoSapiens - the collection of all human beings that are #$Famous (i.e. identifiable by a large number of other human beings). See also #$HistoricHuman. This applies to those who are famous within some specialty group, such as scientists, provided that the group is not restricted to one organization. Corresponds approximately to sense 5 of 'figure', and includes sense 2 of 'personage' in WordNet: 5. (13) name, figure, public figure - (a well-known or notable person; 'they studied all the great names in the history of France'; 'she is an important figure in modern music') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Famous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Famously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Famous ; :wnsense "famously1adv" ; :wordnet "famously" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to advrerb sense 1 of 'famously' in Wordnet: 1. famously - (in a manner or to an extent that is well known; 'in his famously anecdotal style') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Fan :wnsense "fan1n" ; :wordnet "fan" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a generic 'fan' whose subtypes are the hand-held and electrical varieties. As a 'Blower' it is used for ''BlowingAir''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fan' in Wordnet: 1. (4) fan - (a device for creating a current of air by movement of a surface or surfaces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blower, :ManufacturedGoods . :Fan-ElectricalAppliance :guid "bd588de9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blower2n", "electric fan1n" ; :wordnet "blower", "electric fan" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :PropelleredDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Electric Fan appliance usually used for cooling people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electric fan' in Wordnet: 1. electric fan, blower - (a fan run by an electric motor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :Fan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Propeller ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlowingAir ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Fan-HandHeld :en "folding fan", "hand fan", "hand-held fan" ; :guid "be010dea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of hand-held fans, a typical example being oriental hand-fans. Instances vary and can be planar objects or folding fans that are compact when folded and unfold into planar objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device-UserPowered, :Fan, :HandSizedObject . :FanEnthusiast :wnsense "buff1n", "devotee1n", "fan2n", "fan3n", "lover2n", "rooter1n", "sports fan1n" ; :wordnet "buff", "devotee", "fan", "lover", "rooter", "sports fan" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FanEnthusiast'' is a 'fan' of some person or team, as a performer or sports team - more generically, is a 'fan' of some Agent. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'fan' in WordNet: 2. (3) sports fan, fan, rooter - (an enthusiastic devotee of sports) 3. (3) fan, buff, devotee, lover - (an ardent follower and admirer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enthusiast, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enthusiasm ; owl:onProperty :experienced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enthusiastic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFanOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :HumanActivity :AgentType ) ] ] . :Fanatic :wnsense "fanatic1n", "fiend3n" ; :wordnet "fanatic", "fiend" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fanatic'' is an ''Enthusiast'' whose intensity of commitment to some belief is such as to make a change of mind difficult and ulikely. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fanatic' in WordNet: 1. (1) fanatic, fiend - (a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause); 'A fanatic is one who can't change his mind and won't change the subject'-Winston Churchill) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enthusiast, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fanatical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fanaticism ; owl:onProperty :believes ] . :Fanatical :isAnAttributeValueOf :Fanatic ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Enthusiastic ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Precaution ; :wnsense "fanatic1adj", "fanatical1adj", "overzealous1adj", "rabid2adj" ; :wordnet "fanatic", "fanatical", "overzealous", "rabid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fanatical' in Wordnet: 1. fanatic, fanatical, overzealous, rabid - (marked by excessive enthusiasm for and intense devotion to a cause or idea; 'rabid isolationist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enthusiastic . :Fanaticism :wnsense "fanaticism1n", "fanatism1n", "zealotry1n" ; :wordnet "fanaticism", "fanatism", "zealotry" ; a :BeliefType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fanaticism' in WordNet: 1. (2) fanaticism, fanatism, zealotry - (excessive intolerance of opposing views) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intolerance . :Fancy :isTheOppositeOf :Plain ; :ldoce "fancy" ; :wnsense "fancy1adj" ; :wordnet "fancy" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Conspicuously ornamented or decorated or unusally shaped to appeal to the eyes; not plain. RHW has several senses of adjective 'fancy' but this type represents only the sense of 'decorated'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fancy' in WordNet: 1. (3) fancy - (not plain; decorative or ornamented; 'fancy handwriting'; 'fancy clothes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Fantasizing :wnsense "fantasise1v", "fantasize1v", "fantasy1v" ; :wordnet "fantasise", "fantasize", "fantasy" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fantasize' in WordNet: 1. fantasy, fantasize, fantasise - (indulge in fantasies; 'he is fantasizing when he says he plans to start his own company') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreativeImagining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fantasy ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Fantasy :wnsense "fantasy1n", "phantasy3n" ; :wordnet "fantasy", "phantasy" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fantasize' in WordNet: 1. (3) fantasy, phantasy - (imagination unrestricted by reality; 'a schoolgirl fantasy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalImagery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fantasizing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :FantasyStory :wnsense "fantasy2n", "phantasy2n" ; :wordnet "fantasy", "phantasy" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FantasyStory'' is a ''FictionalStory'' that includes some portrayal of a ''Fantasy'' as a significant theme. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fantasy' in WordNet: 2. (1) fantasy, phantasy - (fiction with a large amount of imagination in it; 'she made a lot of money writing romantic fantasies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalStory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fantasy ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ] . :Far :ldoce "distant", "far" ; :wnsense "distant5adj", "far1adj", "far4adj", "faraway1adj" ; :wordnet "distant", "far", "far away", "faraway" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Distant, on some scale (including but not only physical distance), from the current position or some normal position. This includes physical and abstract notions of 'distance'. The physical distance is represented by the subtype 'Distant'. This sense includes several more specific senses, which are represented by subtypes. For the subtype meaning 'distant' in space, use 'Distant'. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'far', sense 1 of distant' and sense 1 of 'far away' in WordNet: 1. (20) far - (at a great distance in time or space or degree; 'we come from a far country'; 'far corners of the earth'; 'the far future'; 'a far journey'; 'the far side of the road'; 'far from the truth'; 'far in the future') 2. (5) far - (being of a considerable distance or length; 'a far trek') 4. far - (beyond a norm in opinion or actions; 'the far right') WN adj 'distant': 1. (33) distant - (separated in space or coming from or going to a distance; 'distant villages'; 'the sound of distant traffic'; 'a distant sound'; 'a distant telephone call') WN adj 'far away' 1. (5) faraway, far-off - (very far away in space or time; 'faraway mountains'; 'the faraway future'; 'troops landing on far-off shores'; 'far-off happier times') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Far-Reaching :en "far-reaching" ; :enadj "far-reaching" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :wnsense "influential1adj" ; :wordnet "influential" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Far-Reaching'' is a form of being 'Effective'' in which the influence of the Thing having this attribute is felt by multiple people or in many places. No WN sense for 'far-reaching'. RHW adj 'far-reaching': extending far in influence, effect, etc.: the far-reaching effect of his speech. Includes part (not applying directly to People) of sense 1 of 'influential' in WordNet: 1. (2) influential - (having or exercising influence or power; """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effective . :FarOut :isTheOppositeOf :Common, :Conventional ; :ldoce "extreme" ; :wnsense "extreme3adj", "far-out1adj", "kinky3adj", "offbeat1adj", "quirky1adj", "unconventional2adj", "way-out1adj" ; :wordnet "extreme", "far-out", "kinky", "offbeat", "quirky", "unconventional", "way-out" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FarOut'' is a subtype of 'Unconventional'. an AttributeValue of human Behavior that is very unusual to the point of being very noticeable, and sometimes subject to criticism (or admiration). RHW adj 'far-out': (slang) 1. unconventional; offbeat; avant-garde. 2. radical; extreme. Includes adjective sense 2 of 'unconventional' and sense 1 of 'offbeat' and part of sense 3 of 'extreme' (not including political extremism) in WordNet: 2. unconventional - (not conventional or conformist; 'unconventional life styles') WN adj 'offbeat': 1. (1) far-out, kinky, offbeat, quirky, way-out - (informal terms; strikingly unconventional) WN adj 'extreme': 3. (2) extreme - (beyond a norm in views or actions; 'an extreme conservative'; 'an extreme liberal'; 'extreme views on integration'; 'extreme opinions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighlyUnusual, :Salient, :Unconventional . :Farad :isaValueOf :Capacitance ; :wnsense "F3n", "farad1n" ; :wordnet "F", "farad" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI capacitance measure. Symbol: F. It is the capacitance of a capacitator between the plates of which there appears a difference of potential of 1 Volt when it is charged by a quantity of electricity equal to 1 Coulomb. Farad = C/V = m^(-2)*kg(-1)*s^4*A^2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farad' in Wordnet: 1. farad, F - (the capacitance of a capacitor that has an equal and opposite charge of 1 coulomb on each plate and a voltage difference of 1 volt between the plates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Fare :isAnAttributeValueOf :TransportationServiceEvent ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "fare1n", "transportation3n" ; :wordnet "fare", "transportation" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fare'' is an Attribute of a transportation service that specifies what quantity of money must be given in exchange for being transported in some vehicle - taxicab, airplane, train, or other. \"RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger\" isAnAttributeValueOf\" TransportationServiceEvent isAnAttributeOf\" Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fare' in WordNet: 2. fare, transportation - (the sum charged for riding in a public conveyance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fee . :FarewellGesture a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FarewellGesture'' is a ''Gesture'' signifying good wishes, made in a ''PartingCompany'' Action. It may consist of a hand wave, a kiss, or a hug, nodding, or ''Bowing'' (especially in Japan) among other ways. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :PartingCompany ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :FarewellPhrase a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GreetingPhrase' (Group of Words) used when parting from a Person. This includes 'farewell' and 'good bye' and 'goood night' type phrases. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GreetingPhrase . :Farm :ldoce "farm" ; :wnsense "farm1n" ; :wordnet "farm" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The piece of RealEstate (the physical objects occupying the Earth's surface in some geographical area) which serves as the place of production for crops or animals raised for sale. Does not include kitchen gardens where edible plants may be grown for personal use. Minimum size - 1 acre? RHW noun sense 1: a tract of land, usually with a house, barn, silo, etc., on which crops and often livestock are raised for livelihood. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'farm' in WordNet, including raising animals whether or not land is cultivated: in WordNet: 1. (49) farm - (workplace consisting of farm buildings and cultivated land as a unit; 'it takes several people to work the farm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealEstate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgricultureOrHusbandry ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "43560"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FarmAnimal :wnsense "farm animal1n", "livestock1n" ; :wordnet "farm animal", "livestock" ; a :BeastType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DomesticatedAnimal' raised on a 'farm', to produce foods (as milk or eggs) or serve as a source of food (as meat). In this sense a 'farm' can include a back yard, where (e.g.) people raise chickens. NOTE: the term 'livestock' is usually used in the collective sense, but 'farm animal' is singular. The WN synset is used both for the singular (this type) and the collective, represented as the separate type ''Livestock''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'farm animal' and sense 1 of'livestock' in WordNet: 1. livestock, stock, farm animal - (not used technically; any animals kept for use or profit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticatedAnimal, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Mammal :Poultry ) ] . :FarmBuilding :wnsense "farm building1n" ; :wordnet "farm building" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any building located on a farm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farm building' in WordNet: 1. (1) farm building - (a building on a farm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Farm ] . :FarmBusiness :guid "bd58aa80-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "farm" ; :wnsense "farm1n" ; :wordnet "farm" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Farm, considered as a business that grows crops or raises animals for sale. Most 'kitchen gardens' would not qualify. Note that in Cyc a Farm is an Organization, but in COSMO we allow individuals to have farms without the formality of forming an Organization. NOTE: in COSMO a Farm is not an Organization, as in Cyc. Cyc: The collection of farms considered as functioning organizations. NOTE: WordNet does not distinguish the place 'farm' from the business, so there is only one sense that is not this sense: in WordNet: 1. (49) farm - (workplace consisting of farm buildings and cultivated land as a unit; 'it takes several people to work the farm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Business, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialFarming ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :FarmDevice a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Device'' that is designed for, used for, or adaptable to use on a ''Farm'' - use for farming-specific operations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgricultureOrHusbandry ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :FarmMachine :wnsense "farm machine1n" ; :wordnet "farm machine" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MechanicalDevice'' that is designed for, used for, or adaptable to use on a ''Farm'' - use for farming-specific operations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farm machine' in Wordnet: 1. farm machine - (a machine used in farming) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmDevice, :MechanicalDevice . :FarmStable :wnsense "horse barn1n", "stable1n", "stalls1n" ; :wordnet "horse barn", "stable", "stalls" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FarmStable'' is a ''FarmBuilding'' for housing horses or cattle and sometimes other quadrupeds. RHW: 1. a building for the lodging and feeding of horses, cattle, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stable' in WordNet: 1. (3) stable, stalls, horse barn - (a farm building for housing horses or other livestock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmBuilding, :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FarmAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :FarmTractor :wnsense "tractor1n" ; :wordnet "tractor" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FarmTractor'' is a traditional old-fashioned ''Tractor'' that is a ''FarmMachine'' designed for pulling a plow and perhaps other devices used in preparing the soil, planting seeds or harvesting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tractor' in WordNet: 1. (3) tractor - (a wheeled vehicle with large wheels; used in farming and other applications) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmMachine, :Tractor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingPlants ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialFarming ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :FarmWorker :guid "bd58ef4d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "farm worker1n", "farmhand1n", "field hand1n", "fieldhand1n" ; :wordnet "farm worker", "farmhand", "field hand", "fieldhand" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who work as hired help on a farm to make a living. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farm worker' in WordNet: 1. farmhand, fieldhand, field hand, farm worker - (a hired hand on a farm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :UnskilledWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Farm ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :Farmer :guid "bd58e149-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "farmer" ; :wnsense "farmer1n" ; :wordnet "farmer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Farmer is distinguished from other FarmWorkers in that the Farmer owns or is a part owner of, a FarmBusiness. @ToDo: should Farmer be operator, as in WordNet? Cyc: A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Farmer is a person who makes (or significantly supplements) his or her income by farming, where farming includes such activities as growing vegetables, grain, or fruit crops, dairy farming, and raising livestock (e.g., cattle, pigs, sheep, fish) for their meat or other animal products (e.g., wool). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'farmer' in Wordnet, requiring some ownership in, not merely operator of a Farm: in WordNet: 1. (29) farmer, husbandman, granger, sodbuster - (a person who operates a farm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasOwnershipIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :FarmBusiness ] . :FarmerMcGregor :existsInContext :PeterRabbitNovels ; :hasMassInGrams "80000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaFiction ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :Farmer ; :owns :McGregorsFarm ; a :FictionalCharacter ; rdfs:comment """A fictional character in the Peter Rabbit series of children's novels by Beatrix Potter.""" . :Farmhouse :guid "c10adbda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "farmhouse1n" ; :wordnet "farmhouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A house on a farm, where the farmers live. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farmhouse' in WordNet: 1. (3) farmhouse - (house for a farmer and family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmBuilding, :House . :Farmland :wnsense "cultivated land1n", "farmland2n", "ploughland1n", "plowland1n", "tillage1n", "tilled land1n", "tilth2n" ; :wordnet "cultivated land", "farmland", "ploughland", "plowland", "tillage", "tilled land", "tilth" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Farmland'' is an ''ArableLand'' of any size on which one or more ''Farm''s are located. This does not include ''Garden''s even if edible foods are produced there; the products of 'farmland' must be produced primarily for sale. This also includes arable land where animals are raised, but not a 'ranch' where the land is not suitable for raising crops. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'farmland' in WordNet: 2. cultivated land, farmland, plowland, ploughland, tilled land, tillage, tilth - (arable land that is worked by plowing and sowing and raising crops) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArableLand, :Artifact-Generic, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Farm ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialFarming ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Farmyard :ldoce "farmyard" ; :wnsense "farmyard1n" ; :wordnet "farmyard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The area adjacent to the buildings on a Farm. This excludes any tracts of cultivated land which are parts of a farm, but are not near the farm buildings. A Farmyard may contain enclosures for animals, but is not necessarily enclosed. RHW: 'a yard or enclosure surrounded by or connected with farm buildings' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'farmyard' in WordNet: 1. farmyard - (an area adjacent to farm buildings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealEstate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :FarmBuilding ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Farm ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :FaroeIslands a :Country . :Farsi :hasQualitativeAttribute :Iranian ; :wasCreatedBy :FarsiSpeakers ; :wnsense "Farsi1n", "Persian2n" ; :wordnet "Farsi", "Persian" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Farsi' in WordNet: 1. Persian, Farsi - (the language of Persia (Iran) in any of its ancient forms) """ . :FarsiSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Iranian ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Farsighted :wnsense "farseeing2adj", "farsighted2adj", "foresighted1adj", "foresightful1adj", "long8adj", "longsighted1adj", "prospicient1adj" ; :wordnet "farseeing", "farsighted", "foresighted", "foresightful", "long", "longsighted", "prospicient" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'farsighted' in WordNet: 2. farseeing, farsighted, foresighted, foresightful, prospicient, long, longsighted - (planning prudently for the future; 'large goals that required farsighted policies'; 'took a long view of the geopolitical issues') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prudent . :Farther :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Far ; :wnsense "farther1adj" ; :wordnet "farther" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'farther' in Wordnet: 1. (2) farther - (more distant in especially space or time; 'they live in the farther house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Far . :Farting :en "pass gas", "passing gas" ; :guid "bd58d04f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "break wind1v", "breaking wind1n", "fart1n", "fart1v", "farting1n", "flatulence1n", "flatus1n", "wind7n" ; :wordnet "break wind", "breaking wind", "fart", "farting", "flatulence", "flatus", "wind" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of expelling gas from the intestine through the anus. The parent type 'involuntary' is not always true, but mostly true - the action cannot be performed at will, only when the intestine is ready.. CYC ('Flatulence)': Slang: passing gas Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fart' and part of WN non 'flatulence' (the actual passing gas, not the condition) in WordNet: 1. fart, break wind - (expel intestinal gases through the anus) WN noun 'farting' 1. fart, farting, flatus, wind, breaking wind - (a reflex that expels intestinal gas through the anus) WN noun 'flatulence': 1. flatulence, flatulency, gas - (a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :EmittingStuff, :InvoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntestinalGas ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intestine ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmbientAirObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :Fascinated :en "intrigued" ; :enadj "intrigued" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Interested ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Fascination ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FascinatingaPerson ; :wnsense "fascinated1adj" ; :wordnet "fascinated" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fascinated'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing the Feeling of ''Fascination'' about something. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fascinated' in WordNet: 2. fascinated - (intensely interested in or attracted by; 'I'm very interested in birds; in fact I'm fascinated by them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Interested . :Fascinating :isMoreIntenseThan :Interesting ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Fascination ; :wnsense "absorbing1adj", "captivating1adj", "engrossing1adj", "enthralling1adj", "fascinating1adj", "gripping1adj", "riveting1adj" ; :wordnet "absorbing", "captivating", "engrossing", "enthralling", "fascinating", "gripping", "riveting" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fascinating'' is an AttributeValue of something that causes a Feeling of ''Fascination' ( a more itense feeling than just one of 'interest') in a Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fascinating' in Wordnet: 1. (8) absorbing, engrossing, fascinating, gripping, riveting - (capable of arousing and holding the attention; 'a fascinating story') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Interesting . :FascinatingaPerson :eng "intriguing" ; :wnsense "fascinate1v", "intrigue1v" ; :wordnet "fascinate", "intrigue" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FascinatingaPerson'' is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to be in a state of ''Fascination'' - a strong sense of 'interest',causing an agent to pay attention. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fascinate' in WordNet: 1. (3) intrigue, fascinate - (cause to be interested or curious) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InterestingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fascination ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fascinating ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fascinated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Fascination :wnsense "fascination1adj" ; :wordnet "fascination" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fascination'' is a strong Feeling of ''Interest'' that causes a person to pay more than a little attention to something. As a DirectedFeeling, the 'something' that one has an Interest in is related by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fascination' in WordNet: 1. (2) fascination, captivation - (the state of being intensely interested (as by awe or terror)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Perceiving-Voluntary ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Fascism :wnsense "fascism1n" ; :wordnet "fascism" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fascism'' is a political ideology that considers an 'authoritarian' form of government as optimal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fascism' in WordNet: 1. (2) fascism - (a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conservatism . :Fascist :guid "bfa341e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fascist1n" ; :wordnet "fascist" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fascist'' is a ''Rightist'' that supports the ideology of 'fascism'. CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Person who subscribe to the doctrines of fascism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fascist' in WordNet: 1. fascist - (an adherent of fascism or other right-wing authoritarian views) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rightist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fascism ; owl:onProperty :hadCauseOrAgentSupported ] . :Fascistic :isTheOppositeOf :PoliticallyLiberal ; :wnsense "fascist1adj", "fascistic1adj" ; :wordnet "fascist", "fascistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fascistic'' is an intense subattribute of ''Right-Wing'' characterizing people who support 'fascism'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fascistic' in Wordnet: 1. fascist, fascistic - (relating to or characteristic of fascism; 'fascist propaganda') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Right-Wing . :Fashion :ennp "styles" ; :ldoce "fashion", "style" ; :wnsense "fashion3n", "style5n", "trend4n", "vogue1n" ; :wordnet "fashion", "style", "trend", "vogue" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Fashion is the behavioral preferences regarding what clothing to wear and how to dress and behave, that are currently most prevalent in *some* local community at the time indicated. Different communities have different preferences in fashion. Corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'fashion' in RHW: 1. a prevailing custom or style of dress, etiquette, socializing, etc.: the latest fashion in dresses. 2. conventional usage in dress, manners, etc., esp. of polite society, or conformity to it: the dictates of fashion; to be out of fashion. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fashion' and noun sense 5 of 'style' and sense 1 of 'vogue' in WordNet: WN 'fashion' 3. (2) fashion - (the latest and most admired style in clothes and cosmetics and behavior) WN 'style': 5. (60) vogue, trend, style - (the popular taste at a given time; 'leather is the latest vogue'; 'he followed current trends'; 'the 1920s had a style of their own') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StylePreference . :FashionBoutique :en "fashion boutique" ; :enn "fashion boutique" ; :wnsense "boutique1n", "dress shop1n" ; :wordnet "boutique", "dress shop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FashionBoutique'' is a ''Boutique'' primarily focused on women's clothing and accessories. But this is not just the women's clothing department of a large department store. It has to be more specialized and somewhat separate from a main store, if a part of a larger store. This corresponds roughly to the sense 1 from RHW: RHW 'boutique': 1. a small shop or a small specialty department within a larger store, esp. one that sells fashionable clothes and accessories or a special selection of other merchandise. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'boutique' in WordNet: 1. boutique, dress shop - (a shop that sells women's clothes and jewelry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boutique . :FashionModel :en "fashion model" ; :ldoce "model" ; :wnsense "model8n" ; :wordnet "model" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person (not necessarily female) who wears clothing in an event (live or photographed0 to display the clothing, usually to potential buyers. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'model' in WordNet: 8. mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin, fashion model, model - (a woman who wears clothes to display fashions; 'she was too fat to be a mannequin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole . :Fashionable :indicatesConformanceTo :Fashion ; :ldoce "fashionable", "in" ; :wnsense "fashionable1adj", "in3adj", "stylish2adj" ; :wordnet "fashionable", "in", "stylish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A QualitativeAttributeValue of Objects or places or Actions that conform to the current social fashions (not necessarily common) or are currently popular or were currently popular **at some time**. For manners of dress that are *currently* considered as up-to-date and pleasing,use ''Stylish''. This type characterizes both behavior and appearance of objects other than clothing, as in 'fashionable cafe', 'fashionable resort'. For 'fashionable' as specifically applied to manners of dress, use type 'Stylish'. The sense of 'fashionable' for places, meaning that the place has become popular, is included in this type, but is more specifically represented by the subtype 'FashionablyPopular'.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fashionable' and sense 2 of 'stylish' and adjective sense 3 of 'in' in WordNet, however the subtypes 'FashionablyPopular' and 'Stylish' distinguish the meanings that relate to objects and to people, respectively. in WordNet: WN 'fashionable' 1. (3) fashionable, stylish - (being or in accordance with current social fashions; 'fashionable clothing'; 'the fashionable side of town'; 'a fashionable cafe') WN 'in' 3. in - (currently fashionable; 'the in thing to do'; 'large shoulder pads are in') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conforming . :FashionableClothing :en "fashionable clothing" ; :enn "fashionable clothing" ; a :ClothingType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FashionableClothing'' is a''Group'' of ''Attire'' (clothing) that is worn alone or together with other ''Clothing'' objects or ''ClothingAaccessory'' items that are not a traditional part of that group. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attire, :Clothing, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fashionable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FashionableTaste :en "fashionable taste" ; :enn "fashionable taste" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FashionableTaste'' is a ''TasteInThings'' that induces the Person so feeling to perform ''WearingFashinableClothing''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteInThings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WearingFashionableClothing ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :FashionablyPopular :indicatesConformanceTo :Fashion ; :ldoce "fashionable" ; :wnsense "fashionable1adj", "stylish2adj" ; :wordnet "fashionable", "stylish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A QualitativeAttributeValue of Objects or places that conform to the current social fashions. This is primarily related to appearance, but some aspects of behavior can be included, as in 'fashionable cafe', 'fashionable resort'. For 'fashionable' as applied to people, use type 'Stylish'. The sense of 'fashionable' for places, meaning that the place has become popular, is included in this type, but is more specifically represented by the type 'FashionablyPopular'.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fashionable' in WordNet: 1. (3) fashionable, stylish - (being or in accordance with current social fashions; 'fashionable clothing'; 'the fashionable side of town'; 'a fashionable cafe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fashionable . :FashioningSomething :guid "ceae89a3-70dc-11d7-88f0-0002b364e721" ; :wnsense "fashion1v", "forge7v" ; :wordnet "fashion", "forge" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ShapingSomething and #$MakingSomething in which a non-#$ComplexPhysicalObject #$InanimateThing-NonNatural is given its shape, or has its shape altered, through the #$PurposefulAction of an #$Agent. Common examples include #$Carving wood into a table leg, or #$Sculpting mashed potatoes on your plate. Some assembly is tolerated; for example, since #$Table-PieceOfFurniture isn't a #$ComplexPhysicalObject, the creation of one is eligible to be a #$FashioningSomething. Examples of non-agentive shaping, such as a #$Container imposing a shape on its #$FluidTangibleThing contents, are excluded. #$Events in which more than one thing plays the #$objectActedOn role are excluded, so, for example, instances of #$Mob and #$Group aren't the #$objectActedOn in a #$FashioningSomething, as are instances of #$Events such as #$MakingFileOfPapers. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fashion' in WordNet: 1. (8) fashion, forge - (make out of components (often in an improvising manner); 'She fashioned a tent out of a sheet and a few sticks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaPhysicalObject, :ShapingSomething . :Fast :isTheOppositeOf :Slow ; :ldoce "fast", "quick", "rapid" ; :wnsense "fast1adj", "quick1adj", "quick3adj", "rapid2adj", "speedy1adj" ; :wordnet "fast", "quick", "rapid", "speedy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fast' is an AttributeValue that attributes a rapid motion or ability to move rapidly to objects; it has many nuances of meaning, depending on the entity that it modifies, but the thing modified must be a PhysicalObject (for modifying Events, use 'Quick'). The simpler cases would be 'fast car' - a car that is capable of travelling faster than the typical car. More subtle senses are 'fast track' in racing - a track that, by virtue of its attributes, allows cars (or horses) to go faster than on other tracks (or on the same track at other times). However, this type modifies objects, not Events or other Attributes, so it does not correspond to the sense 'quickly' (use type 'Quickly') and does not have an adverbial interpretation. In the WordNet sense 1 of 'fast', the sense of 'fast film' is included. This is also included as a borderline sense for this type, since it means that the film can obtain an image more quickly than others at the same light intensity. Examples: 'fast freight' (a freight train that goes faster than most); 'fast ball' (baseball pitch). For *events* or *actions* that proceed more quickly than normal or expected, use the type 'Quick'. The COSMO term ''Swift'' should be used to describe the *ability* of animals to move quickly. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fast' and sense 1 of 'speedy' and sense 2 of 'rapid' and parts of adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'quick' in WordNet: 1. (22) fast - (acting or moving or capable of acting or moving quickly; 'fast film'; 'on the fast track in school'; 'set a fast pace'; 'a fast car') WN 'speedy': 1. (2) rapid, speedy - (characterized by speed; moving with or capable of moving with high speed; 'a rapid movement'; 'a speedy car'; 'a speedy errand boy') WN adj 'quick': 1. (20) quick, speedy - (accomplished rapidly and without delay; 'was quick to make friends'; 'his quick reaction prevented an accident'; 'hoped for a speedy resolution of the problem'; 'a speedy recovery'; 'he has a right to a speedy trial') 3. (2) agile, nimble, quick, spry - (moving quickly and lightly; 'sleek and agile as a gymnast'; 'as nimble as a deer'; 'nimble fingers'; 'quick of foot'; 'the old dog was so spry it was halfway up the stairs before we could stop it') WN adj 'swift': 1. (15) fleet, swift - (moving very fast; 'fleet of foot'; 'the fleet scurrying of squirrels'; 'a swift current'; 'swift flight of an arrow'; 'a swift runner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FastBall :wnsense "bullet3n", "fastball1n", "heater2n", "hummer2n", "smoke8n" ; :wordnet "bullet", "fastball", "heater", "hummer", "smoke" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FastBall'' is a ''BaseballPitch'' event in which the bal is thrown with the maximum speed that a pitcher can produce, with littleor no attempt spin the ball to make it move unpredictably. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fastball' in WordNet: 1. (2) fastball, heater, smoke, hummer, bullet - ((baseball) a pitch thrown with maximum velocity; 'he swung late on the fastball'; 'he showed batters nothing but smoke') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPitch . :FastGrowing :wnsense "fast-growing1adj", "strong-growing1adj" ; :wordnet "fast-growing", "strong-growing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FastGrowing'' is an adjective characterizing anything that is rapidly 'growing', i.e, increasing in size in any manner. NOTE: 'aggressive' is left out to be used with the more specific medical meaning. Includes but is broader (includes animals, economies, businesses) than adjective sense 1 of 'fast-growing' in Wordnet: 1. (1) aggressive, fast-growing, strong-growing - (tending to spread quickly; 'an aggressive tumor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Growing . :Fastener :en "connecter", "connector" ; :guid "bd58b973-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fastener2n" ; :wordnet "fastener" ; a :FastenerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject whose purpose is to attach one thing to something else, e.g. nails, screws, buttons, etc. For cases where a quantity of cement or glue, or a piece of tape is used for Fastening, use the parent type 'FasteningObject'. This type is reserved for 'SolidObjects'. NOTE that a piece of lacing (such as a shoelace) or one loop of a thread that is sewn into objects to hold them together is also a 'Fastener' In SUMO called 'AttachingDevice'. Tools that apply Fasteners (hammer, stapler) are FasteningTools. In Cyc called 'Connector' Cyc: A specialization of #$NonPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$Connector is a device which connects two objects. An instance of #$Connector may be a part incorporated into one or both of the objects connected, or it may be a totally separate device. Notable specializations of #$Connector include #$Staple, #$Pin, and #$Nail. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fastener' in WordNet: 2. fastener, fastening, holdfast, fixing - (restraint that attaches to something or holds something in place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connector, :FasteningObject, :NonPoweredDevice . :FastenerType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """FastenerType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Fasteners and an argument restriction for various relations on specific Fasteners. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. NOTE that we allow instances of DeviceType to be considered as a type of agent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceType . :Fastening :guid "bd589c6d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "connect", "fasten" ; :wnsense "attachment7n", "fasten1v", "fastening2n", "secure2v" ; :wordnet "attachment", "fasten", "fastening", "secure" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Fastening is an Action in which some Agent uses a 'Fastener' to create a connection between two PhysicalObjects, and the Fastener becomes part of the final object. A quantity of cement or glue can serve as the Fastener - it need not be a SolidObject. NOTE that relation 'wasFacilitatedByInstrument' does not point to FasteningTool because some Fastenings just use glue or tape, and do not need a tool such as a hammer or stapler or SewingNeedle. the inverse relation is asserted on FasteningTools. @ToDo: the restriction would best be for a 'FastgeningObjectType' but that is not yet represented in COSMO. In Cyc called 'ConnectingTogether', and is a subtype of Cyc: A specialization of both #$AttachmentEvent and #$ActionOnObject (q.v.). In a #$ConnectingTogether event, two or more tangible things get physically connected together (attached) by means of some sort of connector or fastener. Specializations of this collection include #$Riveting, #$Splicing, and #$ChemicalBonding. Note that a #$ConnectingTogether need not be a #$Movement-TranslationEvent, since the objects being connected may be already at rest with respect to each other. Corresponds part of sense 1 of 'attach' and sense 2 of 'secure' (for physical objects only)1 of 'fasten' in WordNet: 1. (23) attach - (cause to be attached) 1. (13) fasten, fix, secure - (cause to be firmly attached; 'fasten the lock onto the door'; 'she fixed her gaze on the man') WN noun 'fastening': 2. fastening, attachment - (the act of fastening things together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :Attaching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom :FastenerType ] . :FasteningObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject whose purpose is to attach one thing to something else, e.g. nails, screws, buttons, etc. For generality, COSMO allows a quantity of cement or glue or a piece of tape to be categorized as a 'Fastener' - but this must still be a specific quantity of glue, as this is a PhysicalObject, not a PhysicalSubstance. To restrict the interpretation to objects that are solid and designed for Fastening, use 'Fastener'. A piece of double-stick tape that is manufactured and sold in pieces that are to be used without cutting would be a 'Fastener'; the more specific type is used when the Fastener does *not* have to be partitioned or dispensed from a larger quantity of substance-like stuff (liquid or a roll of tape). Tools that apply FasteningObjects (hammer, stapler) are FasteningTools. This more general type is used to make the Action of 'Fastening' inclusive of the different ways things are connected together. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fastening ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :FasteningTool :guid "be34ef2d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction :Fastening ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A tool such as a screwdrive or hammer or stapler, or a SewingNeedle, used in a FasteningAction, but does not itself become attached to or part of the object that has been fastened. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fastening ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Faster :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Fast ; :isTheOppositeOf :Slower ; :wnsense "faster1adj", "quicker1adj" ; :wordnet "faster", "quicker" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Faster' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some object or process a rate that is higher (relative to some reference rate). Usually used in reference to motion velocity, but the rate of any Process can be thus characterized. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'faster' in WordNet: 1. (3) quicker, faster - (more quickly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :Fastest :en "fastest" ; :enadj "fastest" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event, :PhysicalObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :Slowest ; :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute :Fast ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fastest'' is An AttributeValue characterizing both PhysicalObjects that have the capability of moving under their own power, and of processes that can achieve some measurable degree of change in some interval of time, and of Events that go to completion in some measurable interval of time, specifying that in some specific Group in some category the thing characterized took the least time for some amount of accomplishment. NW has no synset for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :FastestGrowing :en "fastest-growing" ; :enadj "fastest-growing" ; :wnsense "exploding1adj" ; :wordnet "exploding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FastestGrowing'' is a superlative of ''FastGrowing'' , characterizing anything that grows 'most' rapidly or with unusual speed. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'exploding' in Wordnet: 1. (1) exploding - (increasing suddenly and with uncontrolled rapidity; 'the world's exploding population') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FastGrowing . :Fastidious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Promiscuous ; :wnsense "fastidious1adj" ; :wordnet "fastidious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fastidious'' is a property of a ''Person'' who is very selective about what s/he will accept for her/his own use. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fastidious' in Wordnet: 1. (2) fastidious - (giving careful attention to detail; hard to please; excessively concerned with cleanliness; 'a fastidious and incisive intellect'; 'fastidious about personal cleanliness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selective . :Fat :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Fatness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Lean ; :ldoce "fat" ; :wnsense "fat1adj", "stout2adj" ; :wordnet "fat", "stout" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fat' is an AttributeValue that specifies that an animal (including people) has a significantly above average amount of fatty tissue, causing a noticeably larger girth around the middle, and often also excess flesh elsewhere on the body. For people, this signifies even more weight than merely being 'overweight', which may not be conspicuous. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fat' and sense 2 of 'stout' in WordNet: 1. (22) fat - (having much flesh (especially fat); 'he hadn't remembered how fat she was') WN 'stout' 2. (2) portly, stout - (euphemisms for 'fat'; 'men are portly and women are stout') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Overweight . :FatFree :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :FattySubstance ; :wnsense "fat-free1adj", "fatless1adj", "nonfat1adj" ; :wordnet "fat-free", "fatless", "nonfat" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fat-free' in Wordnet: 1. nonfat, fat-free, fatless - (without fat or fat solids; 'nonfat or fat-free milk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lacking . :Fatal :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Death, :DestructionEvent ; :wnsense "fatal1n" ; :wordnet "fatal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fatal'' is a property of an Event that causes ''Death''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fatal' in WordNet: 1. (6) fatal - (bringing death) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Destructive, :Lethal . :Fate :ldoce "fate" ; :wnsense "destiny2n", "fate2n" ; :wordnet "destiny", "fate" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Fate is a vaguely described being or force that may or may not have some kind of volitional powers, but in some sense 'determines' what will happen in the future. As of v 0.52 this type also includes 'The Fates', the mythological goddesses of destiny. For the 'fate' that is the Event or Events that will happen to a Person, considered as a (?inevitable?) part of that Person's life, use ''Destiny''. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'fate' in RHW: 2. the universal principle or ultimate agency by which the order of things is presumably prescribed; the decreed cause of events; time: Fate decreed that they would never meet again. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fate' and sense 2 of 'destiny' in WordNet: 2. Destiny, Fate - (the ultimate agency that predetermines the course of events (often personified as a woman); 'we are helpless in the face of Destiny') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MythicalThing, :SupernaturalBeing . :Father :en "dad", "daddy", "pa", "papa", "pop" ; :guid "c03d7e06-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :kids "dad", "daddy", "pa", "papa", "pop" ; :ldoce "father" ; :wnsense "father1n" ; :wordnet "father" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Father' is a MalePerson that is in some sense a 'father' - biological father, adoptive father, foster father, step father. The subtypes are more specific. This implies that there is a child related by the 'isTheFatherOf' relation. This is for human fathers, and corresponds to CYC 'HumanFather'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'father' in WordNet: 1. (72) father, male parent, begetter - (a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father); 'his father was born in Atlanta') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Kinsman, :MalePerson . :Fatness :wnsense "avoirdupois2n", "blubber1n", "fat3n", "fatness1n" ; :wordnet "avoirdupois", "blubber", "fat", "fatness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fatness'' is the ''BodyProperty'' of the ''Body'' of an ''Animal'' (including people) that has a body weight greater than the optimal range of weights.. RHW 'avoirdupois': 2. Informal. bodily weight: He carries around a lot of excess avoirdupois. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fatness' in WordNet: 1. fatness, fat, blubber, avoirdupois - (excess bodily weight; 'she disliked fatness in herself as well as in others') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyProperty, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excessive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fat ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Fatty :wnsense "fatty1adj" ; :wordnet "fatty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being ''Abounding'' in some ''FattySubstance'', but not necessarily composed predominantly of ''FattySubstance''. 'fatty tissue' may have less than a majority of its weight being ''FattySubstance'', but more than the average for that kind of tissue. NOTE that this is a composition, not a 'feel' attribute, so 'greasy' has some similarity, but is not a direct parent or subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fatty' in WordNet: 1. (1) fatty, fat - (containing or composed of fat; 'fatty food'; 'fat tissue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abounding . :FattySubstance :ldoce "fat" ; :wnsense "fat1n" ; :wordnet "fat" ; a :LipidType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FattySubstance' is a greasy, non-water-soluble organic material, which may be a mixture, and is of a type that is found in living cells. Subtypes include the more specific chemical categories such as 'Lipid', 'Triglyceride', Sterol'. NOTE: this is not a 'lipid' per se, which is a more technical concept, though the properties are close. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fat' in WordNet: 1. (2) fat - (a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); 'pizza has too much fat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lipid ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fatty ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FattyTissue :guid "bd58dcfd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "adipose tissue1n", "fat2n", "fatty tissue1n" ; :wordnet "adipose tissue", "fat", "fatty tissue" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$FattyTissue found in the body of an #$Animal. See #$EdibleFat for the fat that one eats. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fatty tissue' in WordNet: 1. adipose tissue, fat, fatty tissue - (a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy; it also cushions and insulates vital organs; 'fatty tissue protected them from the severe cold') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConnectiveTissue, :InternalAnatomicalPart . :Faucet :wnsense "faucet1n" ; :wordnet "faucet" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Faucet'' is a 'Valve' that is open on one end and connected to a supply of Liquid on the other end. Instantiating a ''Faucet'' requires that the substance it supplies be specified. The supply of liquid may be quite large, and delivered by a long series of pipes, as in a water supply system. This includes fire hydrants, and water faucets in a kitchen or bathroom, as well as the subtype ''Tap'' used in a keg or cask. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'faucet' in Wordnet: 1. (1) faucet, spigot - (a regulator for controlling the flow of a liquid from a reservoir) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlowRegulator, :UsefulSource, :Valve, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidMotion ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :Fault :en "responsibility" ; :enn "responsibility" ; :ldoce "fault", "guilt" ; :wnsense "fault1n", "guilt1n" ; :wordnet "fault", "guilt" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fault' is a Responsibility for some past UndesirableEvent. @ToDo: perhaps should create an 'isTheFaultOf' specialized relation??? See 'isaResponsibilityOf' and 'hasResponsibility', but needs careful axiomatization. At this point this is also 'guilt' in the sense of being the guilty party in some 'UndesirableEvent'. For 'guilt' as a Feeling, see 'Guilt'; for 'guilt' in the sense of responsibility for an infraction of some rule, see the subtype 'Guiltiness' This is not 'fault' in the sense of some 'Imperfection' (which see). This coresponds to sense 2 of 'responsibility' in RHW, but that sense of 'responsibility' does not appear in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fault' and noun sense 1 of 'guilt' and implies adjective sense 2 of 'responsible' in WordNet: 1. (346) fault - (responsibility for a bad situation or event; 'it was John's fault') WN adjective 'responssible': 2. (1) responsible, responsible for - (being the agent or cause; 'determined who was the responsible party'; 'termites were responsible for the damage') WN noun 'guilt': 1. (8) guilt, guiltiness - (the state of having committed an offense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Responsibility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :UndesirableEvent ] . :FaultFinder :wnsense "critic3n", "faultfinder1n" ; :wordnet "critic", "faultfinder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FaultFinder' is a Person, who habitually and annoyingly engages in ''Criticizing''.. Includes noun sense 1 of 'faultfinder' and noun sense 3 of 'critic' in WordNet: 1. cynic, faultfinder - (someone who is critical of the motives of others) WN noun 'critic' : 3. critic - (someone who frequently finds fault or makes harsh and unfair judgments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Criticizing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Faulty :contrastsWith :Perfect ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Flaw ; :isTheOppositeOf :Impeccable ; :wnsense "faulty1adj" ; :wordnet "faulty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of having a ''Fault''. Very close to ''Flawed'' - difference? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'faulty' in Wordnet: 1. (1) faulty - (characterized by errors; 'he submitted a faulty report') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flawed . :Favor :ldoce "favor" ; :wnsense "favor1n", "favour5n" ; :wordnet "favor", "favour" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Favor' is an 'AltruisticAction' that does not usually require a major effort on the part of the Agent performing the action - though Favors do come in a range of efforts from small to big favors. It may be hard to distinguish a Favor from other AltruisticActions. One difference is that Favors are done directly for other people known to the altruistic agent, and are often requested by the person being helped. An AltruisticAction performed in an unanticipated situation, such as saving a person from drowning, is not a Favor. Donating to a charity is not a Favor in this sense, even if it is done at the request of someone else. Helping a neighbor with some chores *is* a Favor, and privately lending someone money under non-commercial conditions (some condition more favorable than a commercial loan - interest rate, speed and informality) *is* a Favor. Driving someone who cannot drive themselves, without being paid, is a Favor. The borderlines are vague. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'favor' in WordNet: 1. (12) favor, favour - (an act of gracious kindness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AltruisticAction . :Favorable :isTheOppositeOf :Unfavorable ; :wnsense "favorable1adj", "favorable2adj", "favorable5adj", "favourable1adj", "favourable2adj", "favourable3adj" ; :wordnet "favorable", "favourable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Favorable'' is an attribute of people, situations, times, or events that can at least potentially assist or provide an opportunity for an agent to achieve its goals. Includes adjective senses 1 of 'favorable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) favorable, favourable - (encouraging or approving or pleasing; 'a favorable reply'; 'he received a favorable rating'; 'listened with a favorable ear'; 'made a favorable impression') 2. (1) favorable, favourable - ((of winds or weather) tending to promote or facilitate; 'the days were fair and the winds were favorable') 5. favorable, favourable - (occurring at a convenient or suitable time; 'an opportune time to receive guests') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beneficial . :Favorably :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Favorable ; :wnsense "favorably1adv", "favourably1adv" ; :wordnet "favorably", "favourably" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'favorably' in Wordnet: 1. (3) favorably, favourably - (showing approval; 'he reviewed the play favorably') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Favoring :wnsense "favor1v", "favor3n", "favor4n", "favour1n", "favour2n", "favour3v", "prefer3v" ; :wordnet "favor", "favour", "prefer" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Favoring'' is a ''Preferring'' (a StaticSituation) in which an agent has a stronger feeling of 'Preference'. for one of two entities. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'favor' and part of verb sense 1 in WordNet: 3. (1) favor, favour - (an inclination to approve; 'that style is in favor this season') 4. favor, favour - (a feeling of favorable regard) WN verb 'favor': 1. (17) prefer, favor, favour - (promote over another; 'he favors his second daughter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preferring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ListOfAlternatives ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExpressingApproval ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Favorite :ldoce "favorite" ; :wnsense "favorite1n", "favorite2n", "favourite2n", "favourite3n" ; :wordnet "favorite", "favourite" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Favorite' is an entity or type of entity that is the favorite (most liked or most preferred) of its type (or metatype) for some IntentionalAgent person, animal, Organization). Each Favorite is therefore a Role played by some entity, and that Role must specify the type of thing of which it is the favorite, and the Agent for whom it is the favorite of that type. The restrictions require specifying agent and the type of the favorite. As a Role, it may change with time (people can change their tastes). Linguistically, the word 'favorite' may need to be represented as a function that determines what entity or type of entity is the favorite, and for whom it is a favorite, and then to assign this role of 'Favorite' to that entity or type of entity. In Cyc some kinds of 'favorites' are specified by functions, such as 'FavoriteNumberOfFn'. Such functions might be automatically constructable from instances of Favorite. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'favorite' in WordNet: 1. (5) favorite, favourite - (something regarded with special favor or liking; 'that book is one of my favorites') 2. (1) darling, favorite, favourite, pet, dearie, deary, ducky - (a special loved one) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFavoriteOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ] . :Fawn :wnsense "fawn1n" ; :wordnet "fawn" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fawn'' is a young ''Deer''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fawn' in WordNet: 2. fawn - (young deer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deer, :JuvenileAnimal . :Fawning :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :Proposition, :Toadying ; :wnsense "bootlicking1adj", "bootlicking2adj", "fawning1adj", "fawning2adj", "obsequious1adj", "sycophantic1adj", "sycophantic2adj", "toadyish1adj", "toadyish2adj" ; :wordnet "bootlicking", "fawning", "obsequious", "sycophantic", "toadyish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fawning'' is a subtype of ''Insincere'' for ''Assertion''s or Actions that are intended to make the Person addressed to feel favorably toward the person making the assertion or doing the Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fawning' in Wordnet: 1. bootlicking, fawning, obsequious, sycophantic, toadyish - (attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery) 2. bootlicking, fawning, sycophantic, toadyish - (attempting to win favor by flattery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartlyTrue . :FaxCopy :en "fax" ; :wnsense "facsimile1n" ; :wordnet "facsimile" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FaxCopy'' is a ''ImageCopy'' produced by a ''FaxMachine'' and usally transmitted from a remote FaxMachine, but it could be a local copy. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'facsimile' a copy of a document producedby a ''FaxMachine'') in WordNet: 1. (1) facsimile, autotype - (an exact copy or reproduction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentCopy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FaxMachine ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByDeviceType ] . :FaxMachine :wnsense "facsimile machine1n", "facsimile2n", "fax1n" ; :wordnet "facsimile", "facsimile machine", "fax" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FaxMachine' is a ''Copier'' that makes *remote* copies of paper documents by a special process distinct from the now more common 'xerox' type Copier, and can transmit them in encoded form over telephone lines to receiving fax machines.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fax' in WordNet: 1. facsimile, facsimile machine, fax - (duplicator that transmits the copy by wire or radio) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Copier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copy ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IBTCopying ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Fear :guid "bd58c044-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fear" ; :wnsense "fear1n", "fear1v", "fear2v", "fright1n" ; :wordnet "fear", "fright" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Feeling (static Event) during which some animal experiences fear for some interval of time. 'Concern' or 'Apprehension' are not subtypes of 'Fear' - some level of intensity is required to qualify as 'Fear'. But 'Terror' or 'Dread' is a subtype of 'Fear', being those fear states that have particular intensity. rules: every one who is an experiencer of Fear has the attribute 'Afraid': (iff (hasFeeling ?E Fear) (hasAttributeValue ?E Afraid)). As a subtype of 'DirectedFeeling' this type inherits the need to specify what the fear 'isDirectedTo'. NOTE that as a verb, 'to fear' something is to be in a state of Fear, so this type represents both the state (a noun) and the related verb. Cyc: Unpleasant emotion manifested by painful agitation in the presence or awareness of danger. Fear implies anxiety and loss of courage. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. A more specialized #$FeelingType than #$Fear is #$Dread. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fear' and sense 1 of 'fright', and to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'fear' in WordNet: 1. (2) fear, fearfulness, fright - (an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)) WN verb 'fear': 1. (23) fear - (be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event; 'I fear she might get aggressive') 2. (20) fear, dread - (be afraid or scared of; be frightened of; 'I fear the winters in Moscow'; 'We should not fear the Communists!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :EmotionalState . :Feasibility :wnsense "feasibility1n", "feasibleness1n" ; :wordnet "feasibility", "feasibleness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Feasibility'' is a subtype of the Quality ''Practicality'' specifically characterising ''Procedure''s whose execution is ''Feasible'', i.e. can be performed with reasonable effort and cost. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feasibility' in WordNet: 1. (3) feasibility, feasibleness - (the quality of being doable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Practicality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Feasible ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Feasible :wnsense "accomplishable1adj", "achievable1adj", "doable1adj", "executable1adj", "feasible1adj", "manageable2adj", "practicable2adj", "realizable2adj", "viable1adj", "workable1adj" ; :wordnet "accomplishable", "achievable", "doable", "executable", "feasible", "manageable", "practicable", "realizable", "viable", "workable" ; a :AttributeValueType, :ProbabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Feasible'' is a subtype of ''Possible'' that is an AttributeValue of some Action that can be performed or Situation that could be achieved by Actions that do not require an unreasonable or overly expensive effort. More than just possible, it is practical. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'feasible' and sense 1 of 'doable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) feasible, executable, practicable, practicable, viable, workable - (capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are) WN adj 'doable': 1. accomplishable, achievable, doable, manageable, realizable - (capable of existing or taking place or proving true; possible to do) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possible . :Feast :wnsense "banquet2n", "feast3n", "spread6n" ; :wordnet "banquet", "feast", "spread" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Feast'' is a ''MultiCourseMeal'' (an Object) in which the quantity and quality of the food is higher than in a routine daily ''Meal''. Eating this kind of meal is labeled as ''Feasting'', and the number of participants is more than one. This is usually held on special occasoins, but is not a 'ceremonial' affair. For celebration feasts,use subtype ''Banquet''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'feast' in WordNet: 3. banquet, feast, spread - (a meal that is well prepared and greatly enjoyed; 'a banquet for the graduating seniors'; 'the Thanksgiving feast'; 'they put out quite a spread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiCourseMeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbundanceOfFood ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sumptuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Feasting :eng "feasting" ; :wnsense "banquet2v", "feast1v", "junket3v" ; :wordnet "banquet", "feast", "junket" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Feasting''is a ''Dining'' in which the quantity and quality of the Food is higher than at a routine daily meal. This type is for the ''Feasting'' of all the people present, not just one. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'feast' in WordNet: 1. (1) feast, banquet, junket - (partake in a feast or banquet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Feast ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssemblageOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Feat :wnsense "deed1n", "feat1n" ; :wordnet "deed", "feat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Feat'' is an Action performed by some animal or group of animals (including humans) that is notable for being difficult. This can be mental or physical, or some combination of the two, as in an extraordinary management performance. NOTE: For a ''Feat'' by a Person that is also ''Admirable' and conspicuous enough to tbe widely recognized, use subtype ''ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction''. (parent: SuccessfulAction = achievement/accomplishment) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feat' in WordNet: 1. (6) deed, feat, effort, exploit - (a notable achievement; 'he performed a great deed'; 'the book was her finest effort') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimateActivity, :SuccessfulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :GroupOfAnimals :Organization ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remarkable ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Difficult ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Feather :guid "bd58d6fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "feather" ; :wnsense "feather1n", "plume12n" ; :wordnet "feather", "plume" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Light horny epidermal outgrowth that forms the external covering of birds. COSMO note: this is for *one* feather. The covering of feathers on a Bird is represented as the ''Plumage''. Feathers can be tiny ('light as a feather'), but those on an Ostrich can be an order of magnitude heavier than some on small birds. Any one can be held in one hand. SUMO: Each instance of this class is one of the structures that make up the external covering of Birds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feather' in WordNet: 1. (6) feather, plume, plumage - (the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :LightObject, :Protrusion, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumMassInGrams ] . :Featherbrained :en "blank-minded" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Intelligent, :Somber ; :wnsense "airheaded1adj", "dizzy2adj", "empty-headed1adj", "featherbrained1adj", "giddy2adj", "light-headed2adj", "lightheaded1adj", "silly2adj" ; :wordnet "airheaded", "dizzy", "empty-headed", "featherbrained", "giddy", "light-headed", "lightheaded", "silly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'featherbrained' in Wordnet: 1. airheaded, dizzy, empty-headed, featherbrained, giddy, light-headed, lightheaded, silly - (lacking seriousness; given to frivolity; 'a dizzy blonde'; 'light-headed teenagers'; 'silly giggles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stupid . :Feature :wnsense "feature1n" ; :wordnet "feature" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Feature'' is a ''Part'' of anything - Object or Attribute or Region - that imparts some significant property(s) to the thing it is part of. Very general.. 'features' that are attributes are represented by ''Characteristic''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'feature' (regarding Objects) in Wordnet: 1. (42) feature, characteristic - (a prominent aspect of something; 'the map showed roads and other features'; 'generosity is one of his best characteristics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImpartingAnAttribute ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :February :wnsense "February1n" ; :wordnet "February" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are February. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'February' in Wordnet: 1. (16) February, Feb - (the month following January and preceding March) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Feces :guid "bd58c931-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crap1n", "dejection2n", "dirt3n", "faecal matter1n", "faeces1n", "fecal matter1n", "feces1n", "ordure1n", "poop1n", "shit1n", "stool2n", "turd1n" ; :wordnet "crap", "dejection", "dirt", "faecal matter", "faeces", "fecal matter", "feces", "ordure", "poop", "shit", "stool", "turd" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Solid waste created by the digestion process and excreted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feces' in Wordnet: 1. fecal matter, faecal matter, feces, faeces, BM, stool, ordure, dejection - (solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels) WN noun 'shit': 1. (1) crap, dirt, shit, shite, poop, turd - (obscene terms for feces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExcretionSubstance, :Mixture, :OrganicSubstance, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stinky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fecundity :wnsense "fecundity1n", "fertility2n" ; :wordnet "fecundity", "fertility" ; a :CapabilityType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fecundity'' is a ''NormalOrganismCondition'' of an Animal (usually female) that is capable of producing offspring - by live birth for people, but by any other means for other animals. RHW 'fertility': 2. Biol. the ability to produce offspring; power of reproduction: the amazing fertility of rabbits. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fecundity' in WordNet: 2. fertility, fecundity - (the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NormalOrganismCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BiologicalReproductionEvent ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :Fed :en "fed" ; :enadj "fed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FeedingAnOrganism ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fed'' is an AttributeValue of an Organism (Animal, Plant, or Microbe) that was provided with food by some agent (which could be an action of the organism itself). 'The fed cows grew fatter than those that were left to graze.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Federal :pertainsTo :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wnsense "federal1adj" ; :wordnet "federal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Federal'' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that belongs to, is operated by, is created by, is employed by, or in any other way is directly connected to the government of the UnitedStates. This does not include a possible broader meaning of being associated with some other type of federation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'federal' in WordNet: 1. (39) federal - (national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units; 'the Federal Bureau of Investigation'; 'federal courts'; 'the federal highway program'; 'federal property') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :FederalAgent :en "federal employee" ; :wnsense "agent5n", "federal agent1n" ; :wordnet "agent", "federal agent" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'federal agent' in WordNet: 1. agent, federal agent - (any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicOfficial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :FederalOfficial :wnsense "Fed1n", "Federal1n", "federal official1n" ; :wordnet "Fed", "Federal", "federal official" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Mostly used for FBI, but applies to any Federal official that does police-like work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'federal official' in WordNet: 1. Federal, Fed, federal official - (any federal law-enforcement officer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FederalAgent, :LawEnforcementAgent . :FederalReserve :canCreate :FederalReserveNote ; :wnsense "FRS1n", "Fed1n", "Federal Reserve System1n", "Federal Reserve1n" ; :wordnet "FRS", "Fed", "Federal Reserve", "Federal Reserve System" ; a :CentralBank ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'federal reserve' in WordNet: 1. Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve, Fed, FRS - (the central bank of the United States; incorporates 12 Federal Reserve branch banks and all national banks and state charted commercial banks and some trust companies; \"the Fed seeks to control the United States economy by raising and lowering short-term interest rates and the money supply\") """ . :FederalReserveNote :wnsense "Federal Reserve note1n", "bank bill1n", "bank note1n", "banknote1n", "bill3n", "government note1n", "greenback1n", "note4n" ; :wordnet "Federal Reserve note", "bank bill", "bank note", "banknote", "bill", "government note", "greenback", "note" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FederalReserveNote''is a ''CurrencyBill'' issued by the ''FederalReserve''. There are other terms used to refer to it, but this type of ''CurrencyBill'' is only for the kind issued by the ''FederealReserve'', so currencies of other countrie (like 'zlotys') are not included.. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'Federal Reserve note' in WordNet: 1. bill, note, government note, bank bill, banker's bill, bank note, banknote, Federal Reserve note, greenback - (a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank); 'he peeled off five one-thousand-zloty notes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurrencyBill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FederalReserve ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Federally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Federal ; :pertainsTo :DepartmentOfTheUS_Government, :GovernmentOfTheUSA, :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :wnsense "federally1adv" ; :wordnet "federally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'federally' in Wordnet: 1. federally - (by federal government; 'it's federally regulated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Federating :wnsense "federate1v" ; :wordnet "federate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Federating'' is a ''Consolidating'' Event in which two or more Organizations or ''GroupOfPeople''s combine to form a larger Organization or Group, usually giving the resulting group a new name, and designating it in some way (often as part of the name) as a 'federation'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'federate' in WordNet: 1. federate, federalize, federalise - (enter into a league for a common purpose; 'The republics federated to become the Soviet Union') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsolidatingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Federation ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Federation :wnsense "federation1n" ; :wordnet "federation" ; a :OrganizationType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Federation'' is an Organization produced by an act of ''Federating''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'federation' in WordNet: 1. federation - (an organization formed by merging several groups or parties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Federating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Fedora :guid "bd58d78d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Stetson1n", "fedora1n", "felt hat1n", "homburg1n", "trilby2n" ; :wordnet "Stetson", "fedora", "felt hat", "homburg", "trilby" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: 'Stetson' is a subtype' A 'homburg' also has some disinguishing characteristics, and may be differentiated when unambiguous definitions are found. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fedora' in WordNet: 1. (1) fedora, felt hat, homburg, Stetson, trilby - (a hat made of felt with a creased crown) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Felt ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Fee :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "fee1n" ; :wordnet "fee" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Fee is a MonetaryValue that is an Attribute that specifies what quantity of money is expected to be given in exchange for some service, Privilege, or right that one wants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fee' and sense 1 of 'charge' in WordNet: 1. (11) fee - (a fixed charge for a privilege or for professional services) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoneyCharges . :FeeCollecting :en "collecting fees", "fee collecting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the action of a Person who 'collects' a Fee of some kind (''TaxCollecting'' is a subtype) whether in person (such as collecting Tolls at a Tollbooth on a road or entry fees to some location), or by working at a desk and handling fees that are paid or sitting at a desk and processing ''Fee''s paid by mail or by electronic means (the sort of Action that IRS agents do). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FeePayment ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :FeeCollector :wnsense "accumulator1n", "collector2n", "gatherer2n" ; :wordnet "accumulator", "collector", "gatherer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FeeCollector'' can be an Employee one of whose main responsibilities is to collect fees, fares, taxes or rents, such as a ''FareCollector'' on a public conveyance - bus, trolley, or train. Note that 'collecting fees' can be actions that do not directly handle money,such as punching a ticket to show it has been used, or checking a'pass' to see that it is still valid. @ToDo: needs to relate to a 'collecting fees' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'collector' in WordNet: 2. (1) collector, gatherer, accumulator - (a person who is employed to collect payments (as for rent or taxes)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee . :FeeForService :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "service charge1n", "service fee1n" ; :wordnet "service charge", "service fee" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any charge for a service. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'service fee' in WordNet: 1. service charge, service fee - (a percentage of a bill (as at a hotel or restaurant) added in payment for service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fee . :FeePayment :en "fee payment", "fee payment amount" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FeePayment'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is paid in any form: cash, credit card transaction, automatic withdrawal, check, or any other method translatable into some monetary amount. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaymentAmount, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :PayingaFee ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ] . :FeebleMinded :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "feebleminded1adj", "feebleminded2adj", "half-witted2adj", "slow-witted1adj" ; :wordnet "feebleminded", "half-witted", "slow-witted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''FeebleMinded'' is a vague attribute that can include almost any level of low intelligence significantly below the average. The technical levels of low IQ people have 'moron' below 80, 'imbecile' below 70 and 'idiot' below 60, but those terms are commonly used for anyone well below average (below about 85) or appearig to be so. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'feeble-minded' in Wordnet: 1. backward, feebleminded - (retarded in intellectual development) 2. feebleminded, half-witted, slow-witted - (mentally deficient) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stupid . :Feedback :wnsense "feedback2n" ; :wordnet "feedback" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Feedback'' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s) responds to a query Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'feedback' in WordNet: 2. (1) feedback - (response to an inquiry or experiment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answering, :AssertingEvent, :Informing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnswerPhrase ] . :FeedingAnAnimal :guid "c0fceae1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "feed" ; :wnsense "feed1v", "feed2v", "give24v" ; :wordnet "feed", "give" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. Each element of #$FeedingAnAnimal is a #$FeedingEvent in which a #$Person feeds a #$NonPersonAnimal. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'feed' in WordNet, conflating both the transitive and ditransitive senses, which @ToDo should be distinguished. in WordNet: 1. (47) feed - (provide as food; 'Feed the guests the nuts') 2. (15) feed, give - (give food to; 'Feed the starving children in India'; 'don't give the child this tough meat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeedingAnOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ] . :FeedingAnInfant :wnsense "infant feeding1n" ; :wordnet "infant feeding" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'FeedingAnInfant' is an Event or series of Events in which someone supplies food to an infant.This can be a lactating woman breast-feeding an infant (use subtype ''NursingAnInfant''), usually, but not always, performed by the infant's mother or a wet nurse. This does not include bottle-feeding - for that Action, use '''BottleFeedingAnInfant''. . Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'infant feeding' in WordNet: 1. infant feeding - (feeding an infant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeedingAnAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanInfant ] . :FeedingAnOrganism :guid "bd588829-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "feed" ; :wnsense "feed1v", "feed2v" ; :wordnet "feed" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In an instance of #$FeedingEvent, an agent intentionally supplies food to an organism (Animal, Plant, or Microbe). In this sense, feeding is not the same as eating. Rather, a feeding event is a prelude to some #$EatingEvent which is expected to follow the feeding. The food may be placed into the intended recipient's mouth or where it can be reached easily by the recipient. Feeding may be done by one agent for another, but an organism may also feed itself. Feeding is part of the care of captive animals and of agriculture, as well as of caring by a parent for its offspring (in most species). Giving some kind of nutrient or fertilizer to a Plant is included. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'feed' in WordNet, conflating both the transitive and ditransitive senses, which @ToDo should be distinguished. in WordNet: 1. (47) feed - (provide as food; 'Feed the guests the nuts') 2. (15) feed, give - (give food to; 'Feed the starving children in India'; 'don't give the child this tough meat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedTranslation, :GivingEvent, :Nourishing, :TakingCareOfSomething, :TransferOfControl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FoodOrDrink :FoodObject :Fertilizer :FoodType :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organism ] . :Feel :wnsense "feel3n", "tactile property1n" ; :wordnet "feel", "tactile property" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Feel' is an AttributeType of the surface of a SolidObject, that characterizes the sensation that an animal (usually a Person) perceives when some part of the animal's body (usually the fingers of a Person) touch the SolidOject. There are various kinds (subtypes) of ''feel'' - temperature feel, softness/hardness, stiffness, texture, and others. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'feel' in WordNet: 3. (1) tactile property, feel - (a property perceived by touch) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :Feeling :guid "bd5882fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "feel1v", "feeling1n" ; :wordnet "feel", "feeling" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Feeling' is the Action of experiencing some internal state described as 'a feeling' or, in a more intense form, 'an emotion'. (This is also a part of the sense of the ''BecomingEvent'' of ''Undergoing'') COSMO note: This is not the act of 'feeling something by touching', which is represented by 'Perceiving' and 'TouchingDeliberately'; Linguistically this can be expressed by saying that someone 'is feeling' something or 'has a feeling of' something. To say one 'is feeling sadness' is equivalent to saying one 'is feeling sad' or 'is sad', though the adjective is represented as an AttributeValue, and the noun is represented as a 'Feeling'. As an Event, a Feeling has a beginning time and an ending time. Most Feelings have degress of intensity. The logical description of 'Feeling' is still evolving. At present (rev841) a 'feeling' is a MentalState that causes a 'IntentionalAgent' to think in a manner differently from how that person whould think if not experiencing that Feeling. Knowledge can also cause a Person to behave differently, but Knolwedge and Feelings are logically disjoint; Knowledge is a MentalObject, 'Feeling' is an Event' and Objects and Events are disjoint in COSMO. This necessary requirement of 'Feeling' has not been axiomatized as yet, and may require FOL rules. For some detailed thoughts about feelings, see Marvin Minsky's book 'The Emotion Machine'. In Cyc a feeling is called 'FeelingAttribute' and classified very differently, though the intended meaning is the same. In COSMO, feelings and emotions are considered as PersistentStates - events in which some more or less constant mental process that does not involve symbolic thinking is going on. Feelings are vague and only can be labeled in very general terms. All different types of feeling are primitive concepts. feelings include emotions, worries, concerns, elation, many others. NOTE that in COSMO, 'Sensation' (a type of Perception' is also a subtype of 'Feeling'. Cyc: The collection of all emotions and mental feelings. As an emotion/feeling can be experienced in various degrees of intensity, an instance of #$FeelingAttribute is some particular relative amount of happiness, confidence, fear, or whatever. These relative amounts can be measured using the #$GenericValueFunctions (q.v.), such as #$LowAmountFn, #$VeryHighAmountFn, etc. For example, (#$LowAmountFn #$Happiness) is the #$FeelingAttribute of feeling a relatively low amount of happiness. (Note that #$Happiness itself is not an individual feeling attribute but a _collection_ of #$FeelingAttributes - a #$FeelingType (q.v.) - whose instances are the individual attributes of feeling particular relative amounts of happiness; (#$LowAmountFn #$Happiness) is one such instance.) This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'feel' and noun sense 1 of 'feeling' in WordNet: WN 'feel': 1. (182) feel, experience - (undergo an emotional sensation; 'She felt resentful'; 'He felt regret') WN 'feeling': 1. (50) feeling - (the experiencing of affective and emotional states; 'she had a feeling of euphoria'; 'he had terrible feelings of guilt'; 'I disliked him and the feeling was mutual') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :InternalState, :MentalSituation-SingleSubject, :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ] . :FeelingAttribute a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each FeelingAttribute is the attribute of someone who is experiencing a specific Feeling. For example, 'afraid' is the attribute of someone feeling Fear; 'Courageous' is the attribute of someone feeling 'Courage'. NOTE that a subtype of ''BehaviorAttribute'' can also be a subtype of ''FeelingAttribute''; e.g. ''Bold'' can be a Feeling (one can feel bold), or it can be a behavior attribute that inclines one to bold actions. There may be a distinction, but that has not been formalized as of rev 1195. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :FeelingCold :ldoce "cold" ; :wnsense "cold1adj" ; :wordnet "cold" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FeelingCold'' is a Sensation resembling the feeling when one is exposed to external air temperature below 70 deg. F (varies with the Person from 60 deg F (15 deg C). to 70 deg. F). ''FeelingCold'' is a ''Sensation'' that makes a Person uncomfortable and makes one want to increase the air temperature or to move to a warmer location if possible, or put on more clothing. 'FeelingCold' may also be caused by internal processes, such as a fever. Corresponds to only part of adjective sense 1 of 'cold' in WordNet. For the temperature measure.use ''Cold''. in WordNet: 1. (40) cold - (used of physical coldness; having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration; 'a cold climate'; 'a cold room'; 'dinner has gotten cold'; 'cold fingers'; 'if you are cold, turn up the heat'; 'a cold beer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensation . :FeelingOfCompulsion :guid "bd58e1f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pressure" ; :wnsense "pressure2n" ; :wordnet "pressure" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FeelingOfCompulsion' is a Feeling that causes an IntelligentAgent to be more disposed to do some act, because there may be negative consquences for not doing it. This is not a 'compulsion' in the sense of some irresistable irrational impulse, but merely a feelng of pressure to do something. A 'FeelingOfCompulsion' may be caused by an Obligation, but may not. This type can be used to represent psychological 'pressure' to do something, from any source. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pressure' in WordNet; sense 6 is taken as a generally oppressed feeling that does not impel to any specific action, and therefore is not a subtype of this type. in WordNet: 2. (29) pressure - (a force that compels; 'the public brought pressure to bear on the government') 6. pressure - (an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :FeelingOfConfidence :guid "bd589c8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Confident ; :ldoce "confidence" ; :wnsense "assurance1n", "confidence1n", "sureness1n" ; :wordnet "assurance", "confidence", "sureness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FeelingOfConfidence'' is a short-lived ''Feeling'' of someone who feels that s/he can perform some specific task ('she feels confident that she can do it'). This is specific to a short period of time; the more general ''Trait'' of being confident of oneself is represented by ''Confidence'' - that trait disposes one to be ''Confident'' about things generally. This type is also a subtype of ''Believing'', as the ''FeelingOfConfidence'' is directed at some specific situation. This is a ''Believing'' that includes a low level of ''Doubting'' about some Proposition. This ''FeelingOfConfidence'' does not represent a general sense of confidence in one's own abilities, but refers to something more specific. The Action about which a person is confident is pointed to by the relation 'refersToFutureSituation' This is not quite a ''Freedom'' from 'doubt' (''Doubting''), but is low level. See restriction 'isaLowLevelOf'. Cyc: The positive emotion felt when one is free from doubt about an event or object from which the agent feeling #$Confidence expects positive contingencies. For example, one might say 'I feel confident that tomorrow it will not be rainy'. Do not confuse this with a personality disposition, e.g. 'Joe is a confident person.' (See #$PersonalityAttribute.) This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. More specialized #$FeelingTypes include #$Grief, #$SelfConfidence, etc. WordNet does not distinguish the general sense of confidence from this more specific action-oriented confidence. The general sense is represented as 'SelfConfidence'. In COSMO, confidence in another person or Agent is 'Trust' WN confidence sense 1 and assurance sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (13) assurance, self-assurance, confidence, self-confidence, authority, sureness - (freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; 'his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular'; 'after that failure he lost his confidence'; 'she spoke with authority') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing, :Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Confident ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proposition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLowLevelOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Doubting ] . :FeelingOfFulfillment :wnsense "fulfillment1n", "fulfilment1n" ; :wordnet "fulfillment", "fulfilment" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fulfillment' in WordNet: 1. (3) fulfillment, fulfilment - (a feeling of satisfaction at having achieved your desires) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Satisfaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReachingaGoal ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :FeelingOfInnocence :guid "bd588a7b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc called 'Innocence', but Innocence is typically a judgment by others, not a feeling. For COSMO, it is renamed to indicate it is a Feeling.. Cyc: Feeling of freedom from guilt or sin""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :FeelingOfInsecurity :wnsense "insecurity2n" ; :wordnet "insecurity" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'insecurity' in WordNet: 2. insecurity - (the anxiety you experience when you feel vulnerable and insecure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anxiety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concerned ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureDanger ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :FeelingOfMissingSomething :ldoce "miss" ; :wnsense "miss2v" ; :wordnet "miss" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FeelingOfMissingSomething' is a type of sadness caused by the absence of something or someone. The absence may be temporary or permanent. The thing missed is often a person or pet animal, but it can be an inanimate object, or an experience: 'I miss my old apartment'; 'He misses his mother's apple pies'. Linguistically, 'to miss something' is to experience a FeelingOfMissingSomething. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'miss' in WordNet: 2. (13) miss - (feel or suffer from the lack of; 'He misses his mother') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :Sadness . :FeelingType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Feeling as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalConditionType . :FeelingWithTheHand :ldoce "feel", "touch" ; :wnsense "feel10v", "feel3v", "feel8v", "feel9v", "touch2v", "touch8v" ; :wordnet "feel", "touch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TouchingState in which a Person intentionally touches something using her/his hand, in order to perceive it tactilely, and possibly but not necessarily to hold it. Note that although a 'HandlingAnObject' is also intentional, and also a Touching, it is not necessarily a 'FeelingWithTheHand' because it does not necessarily include an *intention* of feeling something, which is essential in order to be an instance of this 'FeelingWithTheHand' type, which is a subtype of Perceiving-Voluntary. NOTE that the restriction 'hadObjectTouched' specifies that the Hand is touched. This is true because that relation is symmetrical, and may be used to specify either or both of the objects touched. Specifying what is touched with the hand is not required for an instance of this type. Note also that, although in feeling something a Person may rub the fingers over the surface to perceive its texture, that is still classified as a 'TouchingState' rather than an Event that changes some properties, unless there is some explicit manipulation that is a significant part of the action, such as 'turning it over in her hands to appreciate its shape and texture', in which case there will be several 'FeelingWithTheHand' states included in a 'HandlingAnObject'. Includes verb senses 2, and 8 of 'touch' and verb senses 8, 9, and 10 and part of sense 3 of 'feel' in WordNet: 2. (5) touch - (perceive via the tactile sense; 'Helen Keller felt the physical world by touching people and objects around her') 8. (2) touch - (cause to be in brief contact with; 'He touched his toes to the horse's flanks') WN verb 'feel' 3. (69) feel, sense - (perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles; 'He felt the wind'; 'She felt an object brushing her arm'; 'He felt his flesh crawl'; 'She felt the heat when she got out of the car') 8. (5) feel - (grope or feel in search of something; 'He felt for his wallet') 9. (4) feel, finger - (examine by touch; 'Feel this soft cloth!'; 'The customer fingered the sweater') 10. (3) palpate, feel - (examine (a body part) by palpation; 'The nurse palpated the patient's stomach'; 'The runner felt her pulse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving-Voluntary, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent, :TouchingDeliberately, :UsingTheHand, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TouchingState ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Feelings :ldoce "feelings" ; :wnsense "feelings1n" ; :wordnet "feelings" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Feelings' are instances of a Person's 'Sensitivity', specifically their tendency to have some specific Feeling or Emotion as a result of some action of another person that affects the feeler's sense of dignity or self-respect or self-worth.. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'feelings' in WordNet: 1. (6) feelings - (emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity); 'the remark hurt his feelings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensitivity . :Feinting :wnsense "feint1v" ; :wordnet "feint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Feinting' is a ''Pretending'' that is an Action that includes some kind of Motion that suggest further action, in an attempt to deceive another party into thinking that one will carry through the feigned action, while not intending to do that action, but doing something else. The feigned action is intended to distract the other party so as to make response to the actual intended Action less effective. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'feint' in WordNet: 1. (1) feint - (deceive by a mock action; 'The midfielder feinted to shoot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deceiving, :Pretending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :FeintingAttack :guid "be74d9e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "feint1v" ; :wordnet "feint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$FeintingAttack attemps to draw an enemy's attention and resources away from some main attack by promoting a misapprehension about the degree of threat posed by the feint. In a military conflict, this could be acheived by inducing an enemy to position his forces, commit his reserves or shift his fire support in reaction to the feint in ways which allow the main attack to be more effective. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (for military attacks) of 'feint' in WordNet: 1. feint - (any distracting or deceptive maneuver (as a mock attack)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feinting, :MilitaryAttack . :Feldspar :containsChemicalElement :Aluminum, :Oxygen, :Silicon ; :guid "bec12314-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "feldspar1n", "felspar1n" ; :wordnet "feldspar", "felspar" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Feldspar'' is any of a group of a Minerals having aluminum and silicon alng with other metals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feldspar' in WordNet: 1. feldspar, felspar - (any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aluminum ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silicon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Feline :guid "bd58f469-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "feline1n" ; :wordnet "feline" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc termed 'FelidaeFamily', but in COSMO named familiarly for ease in discovery. SUMO; The Class of Carnivores with completely separable toes, slim bodies, and rounded heads. All felines other than the cheetah have retractable claws. Cyc 'FelidaeFamily': The family of which cats - housecats, lions, tigers, etc. - are members. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feline' in WordNet: 1. feline, felid - (any of various lithe-bodied roundheaded fissiped mammals many with retractile claws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore, :TerrestrialOrganism . :FelisGenus :guid "bd589594-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cat1n" ; :wordnet "cat" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The genus which contains the species to which domestic cats belong. This includes wild cats. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feline . :Fellatio :guid "c03f81f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fellatio1n", "fellation1n" ; :wordnet "fellatio", "fellation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CTC: The collection involving events of oral stimulation of the penis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fellatio' in WordNet: 1. fellatio, fellation - (oral stimulation of the penis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OralSex, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Penis ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :Fellow :ldoce "fellow" ; :modifies :PersonType, :RoleType ; :wnsense "fellow3n" ; :wordnet "fellow" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fellow' is an attribute of people, relating the type of person modified to some individual person, and asserting that the individual is associated with some others of that type of person, by bonds of friendship or common endeavour, or association in the same organization, or having common interests or occupation. It is used as an adjective in phrases such as 'my fellow Americans', 'his fellow students', etc., where the word modified is a type of person or a Role that a person may play, and the word before 'fellow' indicates the individual who is of that type. It is a FunctionalAttributeValue because a proper understanding requires reference to the individual as well as the word modified; the implications of using this adjective are not merely to specify some subtype of the word modified, but also to indicate that the person who 'has' a fellow is of a particular type. This is an unusual adjectival modifier in that the subtype specified by this adjective is *not* a subtype of the word modified; there is no subtype 'fellow American' of the type 'American' - in the phrase 'my fellow Americans' the implied type is 'American', and that is attributed to the speaker. Corresponds to RHW adjective, sense 13 of 'fellow' From Random House Webster 'fellow' (adj): 13. belonging to the same class or group; united by the same occupation, interests, etc.; being in the same condition: fellow students; fellow sufferers. There is no adjective sense of 'fellow' in WN, but noun sense 3 is used by WN in a similar sense, so is referenced here: in WordNet: 3. (18) colleague, confrere, fellow - (a person who is member of your class or profession; 'the surgeon consulted his colleagues'; 'he sent e-mail to his fellow hackers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :Felony :wnsense "felony1n" ; :wordnet "felony" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crime'' that has a greater degree of seriousness than a ''Misdemeanor'' and makes the perpetrator liable to heavier punishment. Definition depends on jurisdiction. Some US states have different categories, such as 'misdemeanor; and 'high misdemeanor'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'felony' in WordNet: 1. felony - (a serious crime (such as murder or arson)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crime . :Felt :guid "bd58a5f1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "felt1n" ; :wordnet "felt" ; a :PorousSheetType, :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Felt'' is a ''Cloth'' that is not woven or flocked.. CYC: Cloth made out of a combination of compressed wool and cotton fibers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'felt' in WordNet: 1. felt - (a fabric made of compressed matted animal fibers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cloth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hair ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compressed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Female :ldoce "female" ; :wnsense "female1adj" ; :wordnet "female" ; a :GenderType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Female'' is an AttributeValue of a ''FemaleOrganism' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'female' in WordNet: 1. (11) female - (being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop; 'a female heir'; 'female holly trees bear the berries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FemaleAnimal :en "female animal" ; :enn "female animal" ; :guid "bd5890f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "female1n" ; :wordnet "female" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all female animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'female' in WordNet: 1. (18) female - (an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :FemaleOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Female ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FemaleExternalGenitalia :wnsense "cunt2n", "pussy1n", "snatch2n", "twat2n" ; :wordnet "cunt", "pussy", "snatch", "twat" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The combined 'LabiaMinora'' and'LabiaMajora'' and ''Clitoris'', used only of female humans. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pussy' in WordNet: 1. (4) cunt, puss, pussy, slit, snatch, twat - (obscene terms for female genitals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalSexOrgan ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LabiaMajora :LabiaMinora :Clitoris ) ] . :FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan :wnsense "female internal reproductive organ1n" ; :wordnet "female internal reproductive organ" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan'' is any of the internal organs of a Female Mammal body that are essential for reproduction. Not just for people, for all mammals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'female internal reproductive organ' in WordNet: 1. female internal reproductive organ - (the reproductive organs of a woman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexOrgan . :FemaleMammal :en "female mammal" ; :enn "female mammal" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all female mammals of any age. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemaleAnimal, :Mammal ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:FemaleAnimal :Mammal ) ] . :FemaleOrganism :guid "f67af796-9091-41d7-80a1-9e1abaf5b6ce" ; :ldoce "female" ; :wnsense "female1n" ; :wordnet "female" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """BLOs having or being female sex organs or secondary female sexual characteristics and performing female sexual functions, such as receiving pollen or bearing young. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'female' in WordNet: 1. (18) female - (an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleSex ; owl:onProperty :hasGender ] . :FemalePerson :ldoce "female" ; :wnsense "female person1n", "female2n" ; :wordnet "female", "female person" ; a :AnimalType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all female people of any age. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'female' in WordNet: 2. (4) female, female person - (a person who belongs to the sex that can have babies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemaleAnimal, :Person ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:FemaleAnimal :Person ) ] . :FemaleSex :ldoce "female" ; :wnsense "female1adj" ; :wordnet "female" ; a :Sex ; rdfs:comment """The gender AttributeValue of biologically female organisms (plants or animals). This is a genetic trait, phenotypic or social femaleness is a different attribute. @mod55 Duplicates ''Gender'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'female' in WordNet: 1. (11) female - (being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop; 'a female heir'; 'female holly trees bear the berries') """ . :FemaleUndergraduate :en "female undergrad", "female undergraduate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FemaleUndergraduate'' is an ''Undergraduate'' who is female. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :Undergraduate . :Feminine :pertainsTo :Woman ; :wnsense "feminine1adj", "feminine3adj", "womanly1adj" ; :wordnet "feminine", "womanly" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Feminine'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Woman'' or the associated behaviors, or typical characteristics or appearance of women. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'feminine' in Wordnet: 1. (4) feminine - (associated with women and not with men; 'feminine intuition') 3. womanly, feminine - (befitting or characteristic of a woman especially a mature woman; 'womanly virtues of gentleness and compassion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :FeminineGender :wnsense "feminine1n" ; :wordnet "feminine" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FeminineGender'' is the ''GrammaticalGender'' that is usually associated with women or female animals, but depending on the language may be applied to many different type of things: 'Women, Fire, and dangerous Things' - book on grammatical inflections. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feminine' in WordNet: 1. feminine - (a gender that refers chiefly (but not exclusively) to females or to objects classified as female) , """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalGender . :Feminism :wnsense "feminism1n" ; :wordnet "feminism" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Feminism'' is a doctrine or point of view that holds that women should have rights equal to those of men in all legal and public spheres, particularly in public policy, law, places of public accommodation, and the workplace. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feminism' in WordNet: 1. feminism - (a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeliefSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WomensRights ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Feminist :wnsense "feminist1n", "libber1n", "women's liberationist1n", "women's rightist1n" ; :wordnet "feminist", "libber", "women's liberationist", "women's rightist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Feminist'' is a ''Reformer'' who is a 'Supporter'' of equal rights for women in all activities. This is open to interpreteation an has degrees of intensity and various policy proposals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feminist' in WordNet: 1. feminist, women's rightist, women's liberationist, libber - (a supporter of feminism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingReform ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Feministic :pertainsTo :Feminist ; :wnsense "feminist1adj" ; :wordnet "feminist" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Feministic'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Feminism'' or a ''Feminist'' and some closely related or associated aspects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'feminist' in Wordnet: 1. feminist - (of or relating to or advocating equal rights for women; 'feminist critique') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :FemmeFatale :wnsense "Delilah2n", "enchantress1n", "femme fatale1n", "siren2n", "temptress1n" ; :wordnet "Delilah", "enchantress", "femme fatale", "siren", "temptress" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'femme fatale' in WordNet: 1. enchantress, temptress, siren, Delilah, femme fatale - (a woman who is considered to be dangerously seductive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Woman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seductive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Femur :guid "bd58ce24-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "femoris1n", "femur1n", "thighbone1n" ; :wordnet "femoris", "femur", "thighbone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all thighBones. The #$Femur (or 'thighbone') is located in the #$Thigh. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'femur' in WordNet: 1. femur, thighbone, femoris - (the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton; extends from the pelvis to the knee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegBone, :LongBone . :Fence :guid "be01156a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fence" ; :wnsense "fence1n", "fencing1n" ; :wordnet "fence", "fencing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Fences - fixed structures intended to prevent animals and people from crossing a boundary in an outdoor area. For 'fences' inside a structure to separate rooms, a different type should be used ('grating'?). The typical fence is supported by 'PostStuckInGround's, so that will be a restriction for this type. NOTE: this is for fences actually installed on the ground, so each fence is itself aligned vertically. If generic 'fencing' (as in a dealer's stock) is required, that would need a new type. Similar to RHW sense 1 of 'fence' (n.): 1. a barrier enclosing or bordering a field, yard, etc., usually made of posts and wire or wood, used to prevent entrance, to confine, or to mark a boundary. A Fence does not need to *completely* enclose an area, so this does not necessarily create an 'Enclosure' If a more generic 'Fence' is needed, it may be added as parent type. NOTE: for testing, specify that a Fence must be between 1 and 12 feet high. A barrier more than 12 feet high would most likely be a wall, not a fence. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact that serves to demarcate or to prevent access to or from the area that the Fence surrounds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fence' in WordNet: 1. (32) fence, fencing - (a barrier that serves to enclose an area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :SheetArtifact, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PostStuckInGround ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LessThan12Feet ; owl:onProperty :hasHeight ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :R_1to12feet ; owl:onProperty :hasHeight ] . :Fencer :wnsense "fencer1n", "swordsman1n" ; :wordnet "fencer", "swordsman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fencer' in WordNet: 1. fencer, swordsman - (someone skilled at fencing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FencingMatch ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Fencing :wnsense "fencing3n" ; :wordnet "fencing" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Fencing'' is the Sport (a Specification for the the execution, which is a ''FencingMatch''). WN 'fencing' does not differentiate the Sport (Specification) from the match (execution of the Sport). This synset is used for both. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fencing' in WordNet: 3. fencing - (the art or sport of fighting with swords (especially the use of foils or epees or sabres to score points under a set of rules)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FencingMatch ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :FencingMatch :en "fencing match" ; :wnsense "fencing3n" ; :wordnet "fencing" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FencingMatch'' is an execution of the sport of 'Fencing'. WN 'fencing' does not differentiate the Sport (Specification) from the match (execution of the Sport). This synset is used for both. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fencing' in WordNet: 3. fencing - (the art or sport of fighting with swords (especially the use of foils or epees or sabres to score points under a set of rules)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fight-Physical, :MatchSportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fencer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fencing ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :Fender :wnsense "fender1n", "wing8n" ; :wordnet "fender", "wing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fender'' is one of four ''VehiclePart''s that are placed above each ''SupportingWheel'' to prevent splashing of dirt or mud from the road while the vehicle is in motion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fender' in WordNet: 1. (1) fender, wing - (a barrier that surrounds the wheels of a vehicle to block splashing water or mud; \"in England they call a fender a wing\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :BarrierObject, :DryObject, :ManufacturedGoods, :SheetArtifact, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingWheel ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyAbove ] . :FennelPlant :guid "bfe87181-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fennel1n" ; :wordnet "fennel" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FennelPlant'' is a ''HerbPlant'' from which the spice'fennel' is derived. In CYC 'fennel'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fennel' in WordNet: 1. fennel - (any of several aromatic herbs having edible seeds and leaves and stems) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant, :HerbPlant . :Feral :isAnAttributeValueOf :NonHumanAnimal ; :wnsense "feral1adj", "ferine1adj" ; :wordnet "feral", "ferine" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Feral'' is the attribute of an Animal that does not have a human-controlled residence, such as a home of farm or ranch. NOTE: 'savage' is unusual here, close to an archic usage. Left out to avoid confusion. Broken out as 'Savage''. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'feral' in Wordnet: 1. feral, ferine, savage - (wild and menacing; 'a ferocious dog') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wild . :Fermented :en "fermented" ; :ened "fermented" ; :guid "def08e36-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Fermenting ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of substances containing component substances that were prepared by 'Fermenting' process. This is used mostly for alcoholic beverages, but can be applied to dough raised by fermenting yeast, and other fermentation products, such as ''SoySauce'' and the raw pharmaceutical sources produced by fermentation. This includes 'brewed' as in Beer brewing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :FermentedMolasses :en "fermented molasses" ; :enn "fermented molasses" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Fermented ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Molasses ; :isProducedByEventType :Fermenting ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FermentedMolasses'' is an aloholic liquid prepared by fermenting ''Molasses'', used to prepare ''Rum''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Syrup . :Fermenting :en "fermenting" ; :guid "bd58ed1e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ferment3v", "ferment4v" ; :wordnet "ferment" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anaerobic degredation of glucose (dextrose) and other simple sugars in the living cell. Two main kinds: (1) in microorganisms and animal cells, production of lactic acid as end product; (2) in some yeast and some bacteria, production of ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. Includes active and passive senses 3 and 4 of verb 'ferment' in WordNet: 3. ferment, work - (cause to undergo fermentation; 'We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content'; 'The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats') 4. sour, turn, ferment, work - (go sour or spoil; 'The milk has soured'; 'The wine worked'; 'The cream has turned - we have to throw it out') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalReaction . :Fermium :guid "be0b1835-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "100"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Fm2n", "fermium1n" ; :wordnet "Fm", "fermium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a substance. In CYC substances are represented as objects: CYC: collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Fermium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fermium' in WordNet: 1. fermium, Fm, atomic number 100 - (a radioactive transuranic metallic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Fern :guid "bd58a248-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fern1n" ; :wordnet "fern" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a subset of #$Plant. Instances of #$Fern are vascular plants that lack flowers, have characteristic fronds, and reproduce sexually via spores. SUMO: A NonFloweringPlant that contains vascular tissue. This class includes true ferns, as well as horsetails, club mosses, and whisk ferns. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fern' in WordNet: 1. fern - (any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FilicopsidaClass, :NonFloweringPlant, :TerrestrialOrganism . :Ferocious :wnsense "ferocious1adj", "fierce1adj", "furious1adj", "savage4adj" ; :wordnet "ferocious", "fierce", "furious", "savage" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ferocious'' is the attribute of someone who is ''Energetic'' in performing some act of violence, or of the act thus performed. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ferocious' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ferocious, fierce, furious, savage - (marked by extreme and violent energy; 'a ferocious beating'; 'fierce fighting'; 'a furious battle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energetic, :Violent . :Ferociously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Cutthroat, :Fierce ; :wnsense "ferociously1adv", "fiercely1adv" ; :wordnet "ferociously", "fiercely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ferociously'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions in a ''Ferocious''manner, both violent and Energetic. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'ferociously' in WordNet: 1. (1) ferociously, fiercely - (in a physically fierce manner; 'silence broken by dogs barking ferociously'; 'they fought fiercely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :FerricOxide :hasComponentSubstance :Oxygen ; :wnsense "ferric oxide1n" ; :wordnet "ferric oxide" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ferric oxide' in WordNet: 1. ferric oxide - (a red oxide of iron) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oxide . :FerrisWheel :wnsense "Ferris wheel1n" ; :wordnet "Ferris wheel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Oriented in a vertical plane, the periphery of which goes up and down in a circular pattern while operating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ferris wheel' in WordNet: 1. Ferris wheel - (rotating mechanism consisting of a large upright wheel with suspended seats that remain upright as the wheel turns; provides a ride at an amusement park) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmusementParkRide, :Wheel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultirevolutionRotation ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Ferrule :guid "bd58daff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "collet1n", "ferrule1n" ; :wordnet "collet", "ferrule" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small metal ring or cap used to strengthen a shaft, prevent splitting, or to make a tight joint. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ferrule' in WordNet: 1. ferrule, collet - (a metal cap or band placed on a wooden pole to prevent splitting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :ProtectiveCap, :ProtectiveCovering, :SolidObject . :Ferry :guid "c1009ab0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ferry1n", "ferryboat1n" ; :wordnet "ferry", "ferryboat" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Ferry is a specialization of #$Ship and #$PublicTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$Ferry is a ferryboat, i.e., boats that are used to carry people, goods or vehicles across rivers, lakes, canals or channels etc. or even from one side of a harbor to another, but normally not used to cross oceans. #$Ferry is disjoint with #$OceanLiner. Most ''Ferry''s are commercial, but some are not. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ferry' in WordNet: 1. ferry, ferryboat - (a boat that transports people or vehicles across a body of water and operates on a regular schedule) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PassengerBoat, :PublicTransportationDevice, :Ship . :Fertile :guid "f57a0488-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "fertile1adj" ; :wordnet "fertile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fertile'' is an AttributeValue of Organisms that have the ability to reproduce (had by most female organisms) but at a rate that is normal or greater than normal, usually meaning that that organism has produced more than one offspring. CYC: Able to reproduce. This is different than #$SexuallyMature, although we expect that #$SexuallyMature animals are fertile. For example, a male may have all the primary and secondary sexual characteristics after puberty but can be infertile due to disease or accident. Moreover, women past menopause are #$SexuallyMature but not #$Fertile Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fertile' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fertile - (capable of reproducing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :Fertilizer :wnsense "fertilizer1n" ; :wordnet "fertilizer" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substance (organic or inorganic) that can promote the growth of plants. This is not necessarily a 'Nutrient' as it can be inorganic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fertilizer' in WordNet: 1. (2) fertilizer, fertiliser, plant food - (any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance . :FertilizingSoil :wnsense "feed11v", "fertilise2v", "fertilize1v" ; :wordnet "feed", "fertilise", "fertilize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FertilizingSoil'' is the act of ''Enriching'' Soil so that crops will grow better. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fertilize' in WordNet: 1. (1) fertilize, fertilise, feed - (provide with fertilizers or add nutrients to; 'We should fertilize soil if we want to grow healthy plants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enriching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fruitfulness ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingPlants ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialFarming ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :FertilizingaFemaleOrganism :wnsense "fecundation1n", "fertilisation1n", "fertilization1n", "impregnation3n" ; :wordnet "fecundation", "fertilisation", "fertilization", "impregnation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Starting the development of a new organism from gametes, in plants or animals. More detail is represented about animals. See subtype ''Impregnation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fertilization' in WordNet: 1. fertilization, fertilisation, fecundation, impregnation - (creation by the physical union of male and female gametes; of sperm and ova in an animal or pollen and ovule in a plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :CausingChange, :TransferIn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Gamete ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualReproductionEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Fervor :wnsense "ardor3n", "ardour3n", "fervency1n", "fervidness1n", "fervor1n", "fervour2n", "fire6n" ; :wordnet "ardor", "ardour", "fervency", "fervidness", "fervor", "fervour", "fire" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fervor' in WordNet: 1. (1) ardor, ardour, fervor, fervour, fervency, fire, fervidness - (feelings of great warmth and intensity; 'he spoke with great ardor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Passion . :Festival :wnsense "festival1n" ; :wordnet "festival" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OrganizedCelebration'' that usually includes outdoor recreational activities of more than one type, with some provision for supplying food to the participants; this does not include a religious 'festival' celebrating some religious holiday. NOTE; for the 'festival' that is a day or longer TimeInterval commemorating some Event use ''FestivalTime''. RHW: 2. a periodic commemoration, anniversary, or celebration: an annual strawberry festival. 3. a period or program of festive activities, cultural events, or entertainment: a music festival. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'festival' in WordNet - but may be broader than the gloss suggests - it does not have to include performances: in WordNet: 2. festival, fete - (an organized series of acts and performances (usually in one place); 'a drama festival') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizedCelebration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Festive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FestivalTime :wnsense "festival1n" ; :wordnet "festival" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FestivalTime'' is a TimeInterval during which celebrations and feasting occur, often commemorating some Event celebrating something that is considered significant or important to some group of People. The 'festival' that has various entertainment activities is represented as ''Festival''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'festival' in WordNet: 1. (2) festival - (a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Celebration ; owl:onProperty :commonlyHasEventType ] . :Festive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Festival, :Gala ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Jolliness, :Merriment ; :isTheOppositeOf :Sad ; :ldoce "merry" ; :wnsense "festal1adj", "festive1adj", "gay5adj", "merry2adj" ; :wordnet "festal", "festive", "gay", "merry" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Festive'' is the attribute of a gathering where ultiple people have fun and experience 'Merriment''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'festive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) gay, festal, festive, merry - (offering fun and gaiety; 'a festive (or festal) occasion'; 'gay and exciting night life'; 'a merry evening') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Happy . :Fetal :pertainsTo :Fetus ; :wnsense "fetal1adj", "foetal1adj" ; :wordnet "fetal", "foetal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of a Fetus, which in COSMO is the young of a viviparous animal prior to birth, at a stage of development when it is morphologically recognizable as a member of its kind; for humans, after the end of the second month of gestation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fetal' in Wordnet: 1. fetal, foetal - (of or relating to a fetus; 'fetal development') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InUtero . :FetchingSomething :wnsense "bring4v", "convey7v", "fetch1v", "get6v" ; :wordnet "bring", "convey", "fetch", "get" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FetchingSomething'' is a ''RoundTrip'' in which an Animal (usually a Person,sometimes a Dog) goes somewhere other than the ''StartingPlace'', (the ''DesiredObjectDestination''),, there obtains some PhysicalObject, and returns carrying the Object obtained. This could be a shopping trip. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fetch' in WordNet: 1. (3) bring, get, convey, fetch - (go or come after and bring or take back; 'Get me those books over there, please'; 'Could you bring the wine?'; 'The dog fetched the hat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoundTrip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntermediatePlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesiredObjectDestination ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Bringing ] . :Fetishism :guid "c07da55e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fetichism2n", "fetishism2n" ; :wordnet "fetichism", "fetishism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A spec of ParaphilicSexualBehavior in which sexuoerotic arousal and facilitation or attainment of orgasm are responsive to, and contingent on a particular talisman or fetish object, substance, or part of the body belonging to the partner. Common objects of fetishistic behavior include feet, latex or rubber, and manekins. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fetishism' in WordNet: 2. fetishism, fetichism - (sexual arousal or gratification resulting from handling a fetish (or a specific part of the body other than the sexual organs)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Paraphilia . :Fetus :guid "bd97c2d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fetus1n", "foetus1n" ; :wordnet "fetus", "foetus" ; a :LifeStageType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart and #$SolidTangibleThing, and an instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType. Each instance of this collection is a #$BiologicalLivingObject resident in a pregnant #$Mammal which, after the separation of the #$AmnioticSac, will develop into a mammalian baby. By contrast, the term #$Embryo means all tissue that has decended from the fertilized #$Ovum, including the fetal part of the #$Placenta (#$Placenta-FetalPortion), the #$AmnioticSac, and the #$UmbilicalCord, as well as the #$Fetus. (Thus note that a #$Fetus is an #$AnimalBodyPart not because it is a body-part of its mother, but because it is a body-part of its #$Embryo.) NOTE: this type is noncommittal as to whether a ''Fetus'' can be considered as an instance of the type of ''Animal'' of which is is a LifeStage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fetus' in Wordnet: 1. fetus, foetus - (an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmbryoOrFetus, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fetal ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gestation ; owl:onProperty :wasTheMainParticipantIn ] . :FetusAndPlacenta :en "fetus and placenta" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''FetusAndPlacenta'' is the 'Pair'' of connected objects ''Fetus'' and ''Placenta'', inside a pregnant Mammal, while they are still ''InSitu'' inside the animal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fetus ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Placenta ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InSitu ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Feudalism :guid "bda1ad2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "feudal system1n", "feudalism1n" ; :wordnet "feudal system", "feudalism" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feudalism' in WordNet: 1. feudalism, feudal system - (the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanRelationship ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vassal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiegeLord ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Feuding :wnsense "feud1n", "feud1v" ; :wordnet "feud" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Feuding'' is a dispute that continues, on and off, for more than a few days. NOTE:WN glos indicates 'two parties' but the 'parties' can be small groups or even clans that are tightly knit, feuding witheach other. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'feud' in WordNet: 1. feud - (carry out a feud; 'The two professors have been feuding for years') WN noun 'feud': 1. feud - (a bitter quarrel between two parties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quarreling . :Fever :guid "c10c3632-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fever" ; :wnsense "fever1n" ; :wordnet "fever" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A condition characterized by a high core body temperature and other symptoms. Not all situations in which the core temp is hot are fevers - exertion, for example, produces high core temp. This type is considered as an 'AilmentCondition': for the bare condition of an elevated body temperature that may not have an Ailment case, use 'HighBodyTemperature'. This corresponds to sense 1 rather than sense 2 of 'fever' in RHW. For sense 2 use 'HighBodyTemperature'. 1. an abnormal condition of the body, characterized by undue rise in temperature, quickening of the pulse, and disturbance of various body functions. 2. an abnormally high body temperature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fever' in WordNet: 1. (4) fever, febrility, febricity, pyrexia, feverishness - (a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Symptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :HighBodyTemperature ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighInternalTemperature ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :Few :ldoce "few" ; :wnsense "few1adj" ; :wordnet "few" ; a :FunctionalAttributeValue, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'Few' (vs. many) is a Quantifier whose actual value must be determined by context. It usually means 'a very small percentage of' (some Group of things, e.g. 'few Americans'); to represent a small number of things (e.g. 4 people are 'a few people') use 'Several'. See 'Alot' for the approximate opposite. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'few' in WordNet, applied to Groups; if the Group is large (e.g. over 100) this quantity cannot be described by 'Several'. in WordNet: 1. (80) few - (a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by 'a'; a small but indefinite number; 'a few weeks ago'; 'a few more wagons than usual'; 'an invalid's pleasures are few and far between'; 'few roses were still blooming'; 'few women have led troops in battle') """ . :Fewer :wnsense "fewer1adj" ; :wordnet "fewer" ; a :FunctionalAttributeValue, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'Fewer' is a Quantifier applied to count nouns to specify that the number represented is less than some comparison number. The comparison number will depend on the lexical context. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fewer' in WordNet: 1. (11) fewer - ((comparative of 'few' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning a smaller number of; 'fewer birds came this year'; 'the birds are fewer this year'; 'fewer trains were late') """ . :Fiance :wnsense "fiance1n", "groom-to-be1n" ; :wordnet "fiance", "groom-to-be" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Needs an 'isBetrothedTo' relation?? The relation 'isIntimateWith' substitutes for that more specialized relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiance' in WordNet: 1. fiance, groom-to-be - (a man who is engaged to be married) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Betrothed, :Man, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EngagedToBeMarried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isIntimateWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fiancee ] . :Fiancee :wnsense "bride-to-be1n", "fiancee1n" ; :wordnet "bride-to-be", "fiancee" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiancee' in WordNet: 1. fiancee, bride-to-be - (a woman who is engaged to be married) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Betrothed, :LadyFriend, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EngagedToBeMarried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isIntimateWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fiance ] . :FiatObjectPart :BFO "FiatObjectPart" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FiatObjectPart'' is a BFO concept that allows any part of an object to be arbitrarily designated as a 'part' and assigned a term. This is most useful for naming parts of organisms, such as 'arm', 'leg', 'head', 'branch', 'membrane' where there may be no clean division of the part named from the remainder of the Whole object, i.e. the border region may be somewhat fuzzy or arbitrary. Vgue terms such as 'end', middle' 'top' etc. may also have fuzzy borders. BFO: 'FiatObjectPart' BFO: Definition: A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is part of an object [snap:Object] but is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. BFO: Examples: upper and lower lobes of the left lung, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, the east side of Saarbruecken, the lower right portion of a human torso. BFO: Synonyms: fiat substance part """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPartOfObject . :FiatProcessPart :BFO "FiatProcessPart" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: this BFO Type is interpreted as an Event, but one that is specifically represented as not a complete Event (i.e. not a 'Process' in BFO). It is unclear under what circumstances designating an Event as 'Fiat' will be useful, but this is included for compatibility. Also: fiat_process_part [BFO] BFO Definition: A processual entity that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. Examples: chewing during a meal, the middle part of a rainstorm, the worst part of a heart-attack, the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life. COSMO note: In real physical Events, the precise boundaries can be fuzzy, but most Events of interest will have conceptually fairly well-defined beginnings and ends (periods duting which the fluents (attributes) of interest are static), even if those beginnings and ends stretch out over some period of time. We anticipate that most Events will be classified under 'Event' as subtypes of the BFO 'Pocess' which is intended to *not* be a Fiat Process (event). Thus this category may rarely if ever be used for classification. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubEvent . :Fiber :guid "bfefe5f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fiber1n", "fibre1n" ; :wordnet "fiber", "fibre" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StringOrLine'' (a ''CordlikeObject'') that is much longer than it is wide; the ratio of length/width should be at least 10. Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Fiber is a solid substance with high tenacity and high ratio of length to diameter. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'fiber' in WordNet, but this is an Object, not a Substance: in WordNet: 1. (15) fiber, fibre - (a slender and greatly elongated solid substance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StringOrLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FiberGlass :consistsOfManyOf :Fiber ; :guid "bd58f4ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Brittle ; :wnsense "fiberglass1n", "fibreglass1n" ; :wordnet "fiberglass", "fibreglass" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces of #$FiberGlass, the building material. Basically, fiberglass consists of glass fibers held together by a binding agent, such as resin or epoxy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiberglass' in WordNet: 1. (1) fiberglass, fibreglass - (a covering material made of glass fibers in resins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :FibrousSubstance, :Glass, :SolidSubstance . :Fibrous :guid "1f4137ec-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "fibrous1adj" ; :wordnet "fibrous" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is an AttributeValue. For objects that are fibrous, use 'FibrousObject'. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible composed mainly of #$Fibers. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fibrous' in Wordnet: 1. hempen, fibrous - (having or resembling fibers especially fibers used in making cordage such as those of jute) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solid . :FibrousObject :guid "bed38e2e-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible composed mainly of #$Fibers..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, :ObjectWithAttribute, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FibrousSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fibrous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FibrousSubstance a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance that is composed mostly of fibers. Cotton, Linen, Paper, Wool.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fibrous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fibula :guid "c138a2a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "calf bone1n", "fibula1n" ; :wordnet "calf bone", "fibula" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fibula' in WordNet: 1. fibula, calf bone - (the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegBone, :LongBone . :Fiction-DerivedWorks a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Fiction-DerivedWorks' is a Group of any one or series of conceptual works, such as Novels, Movies or plays, that is derived from and has similar characters as some fiction (Novel, Play, television series, etc.) that is the original work in which the setting first occurred. A NovelSeries is a subtype of this type, considered as derived from the first novel of the series. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalContext, :Group, :PropositionalConceptualWork, :Story . :Fictional :isTheOppositeOf :Real, :Real-World ; :wnsense "fictional1adj" ; :wordnet "fictional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fictional' is the attribute of anything that appears in a Fiction. The part of sense 1 of 'fictional' that means 'pertaining to fiction' is not included here. This is for entities that are created by the imagination, and portrayed in some fictional story. This corresponds to part of sense 1 and 2 of 'fictional' in WordNet: 1. (7) fictional - (related to or involving literary fiction; 'clever fictional devices'; 'a fictional treatment of the train robbery') 2. (3) fabricated, fancied, fictional, fictitious, invented, made-up - (formed or conceived by the imagination; 'a fabricated excuse for his absence'; 'a fancied wrong'; 'a fictional character'; 'used fictitious names'; 'a made-up story') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imaginary . :FictionalCharacter :guid "c072af82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "character" ; :wnsense "character1n", "fictional character1n", "fictitious character1n", "imaginary being1n", "imaginary creature1n" ; :wordnet "character", "fictional character", "fictitious character", "imaginary being", "imaginary creature" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a character as represented in a work of fiction, whether or not the fiction is based on reality and portrays actual people. In addition to fictional people, this type also includes other agents such as automatons (robots) and animals, including anthropomorphic animals that can talk and behave like people, as in children's tales. It may also portray magical, supernatural or sythological agents such as angels and demons. For fictional persons (including those based on real people), use the subtype 'FictionalPerson'. NOTE that a 'FictionalCharacter' is an 'IntentionalAgent', distinguishing it from inanimate fictional things. NOTE that a 'FictionalCharacter' is a MentalObject representing some physical agent, and can never be identical to the physical agent portrayed. If some real-world agent is in fact intended to be portrayed, the relation 'isaFictionalPortrayalOf' can point to that real-world agent. Cyc: This is the collection of instances of #$FictionalThing which are also instances of #$Agent. Thus #$FictionalCharacter excludes such instances of #$FictionalThing as Golden Mountains, which are instances of #$FictionalThing, but are not instances of #$Agent. NOTE: the parent type ''GenericAgent'; is added to 'FictionalCharacter''s to be described as doing some things that agents can do, and ''MentalObject''s normally can't do. The WordNet sense 1 of 'character' gloss suggests that it applies only to people,but that sense is the closest to the meaning of this type: in WordNet: 1. (16) fictional character, fictitious character, character - (an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story); 'she is the main character in the novel') WN 'imaginary being' 1. imaginary being, imaginary creature - (a creature of the imagination; a person that exists only in legends or myths or fiction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalThing, :GenericAgent, :IntentionalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :AgentiveObject ) ] ] . :FictionalContext :en "fictional context" ; :enn "fictional context" ; :guid "be011058-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ContextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$FictionalOrMythologicalContexts which are (1) created intentionally, not by error or chance or gradual evolution and accretion in a culture, and (2) typically are the information content of some #$InformationBearingThing, and (3) are not expected (by their creator) to be believed as factual, nor do their creators believe them to be factual. In addition to asserting fictional propositions about existing things, a #$FictionalContext may include terms for nonexistent things. Examples: #$MiddleEarthMt, #$AdventuresOfHuckleberryFinn. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalOrMythologicalContext . :FictionalDrowningWitch a :AbstractImage . :FictionalEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FictionalEvent'' is a ''FictionalThing'' that has many of the characteristics of an Event, but, being Fictional, may contradict the properties of real-world Events. Since ''Object'' and ''Event'' in COSMO are disjoint, this cannot be a subtype of ''Event'' but can be treated as though it can have properties like those of real-world Events, but may have other properties as well. A oommon example woould be TimeTravel. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ] . :FictionalGoodGuy :wnsense "good guy2n" ; :wordnet "good guy" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FictionalGoodGuy' is a ''FictionalCharacter'' portrayed in a 'FictionalStory' who does good things, and is opposed by a 'Villain'. This type requires a 'Villain' opponent. Good characters who are not opposed are not instances of this type. Corresponds only approximately to a subtype of noun sense 1 of 'good guy' in WordNet: 1. (1) good guy - (any person who is on your side) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalIntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FictionalOrMythologicalContext ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fictional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DesirableEvent ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FictionalVillain ; owl:onProperty :wasOpposedBy ] . :FictionalHero :en "fictional hero" ; :enn "fictional hero" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FictionalHero'' is a 'FictionalGoodGuy' (male or female) who performs heroic deeds, like a Human ''GenericHero''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalGoodGuy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericHero ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ] . :FictionalIntelligentAgent :en "fictional intelligent agent" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FictionalIntelligentAgent' is a ''FictionalCharacter'' that is able to speak, in the fictional context. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalCharacter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ] . :FictionalOrMythologicalContext :guid "bd58f4b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ContextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a 'FictionalOrMythologicalContext' in Cyc is a subtypes of Microtheory, which in Cyc serves a similar purpose to 'Context' in COSMO. For COSMO, 'Microtheory' has been reinterpreted to have more assertional character, so Fictional contextx have been removed from under Microtheory up to be a dubtype of 'Context' Cyc: A specialization of #$ConjecturalContext. Each instance MT of #$FictionalOrMythologicalContext is a microtheory for which the following property holds: there is at least one assertion ASSERT which holds in MT (so that (#$ist MT ASSERT) is true), but which is widely believed to be false. Although microtheories with this property would appear to have limited utility, they can be useful in reasoning about the content of fictional works or the content of certain belief systems. An important specialization of #$FictionalOrMythologicalContext is #$FictionalContext (q.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context . :FictionalPerson :ldoce "character" ; :wnsense "character1n", "fictional character1n", "fictitious character1n" ; :wordnet "character", "fictional character", "fictitious character" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FictionalCharacter' that is supposed to be a human being, in the context of the fictional story. See 'FictionalCharacter' for more detail about Fictional agents. Note that if a character in a work of fiction is based on or portrays a real person, that person should be referenced by use of the relation 'isaFictionalPortrayalOf'. The persons in works of fiction, even if they purport to adhere closely to historical fact, are not to be confused with real people; a FictionalCharacter is **not** a PhysicalObject, whereas a real Person is. To relate a 'FictionalPerson' to a real Peson or type of Person that it is intended to portray, the relation 'isaFictionalPortrayalOf' can be used with a value of an individual real person, or just 'Person' or some subtype of 'PersonType' (such as 'Nurse' or 'Teacher', for a generic type not representing a real individual). The WordNet sense 1 of 'character' gloss suggests that it applies only to people; in COSMO in addition to this type, the Wordnet sense 1 has been mapped to 'FictionalCharacter', which may represent any agent, not only people. in WordNet: 1. (16) fictional character, fictitious character, character - (an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story); 'she is the main character in the novel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalCharacter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonType :Person ) ] ] . :FictionalStory :wnsense "fiction1n" ; :wordnet "fiction" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A work of Fiction in any form, Novel, short story, Movie, etc. Any work that is described by its author as a work of fiction, even if it is 'based on real events'. For works that are largely imagined rather than hoonestly intended to relate observable facts, but are nevertheless presented as facts, use ''QuestionableInformation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiction' in WordNet: 1. (14) fiction - (a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalContext, :FictionalText, :ProseLiteraryWork, :Story . :FictionalText a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of AbstractTexts that purport to be largely a product of the author's imagination, i.e. the author does not believe that most of the content conveyed by the text is an accurate depiction of the real world. Note that something can be an instance of FictionalText, even if it is completely true. Whether something is a FictionalText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating the text. (from SUMO). Some FictionalText is 'based on' factual events, but the reader may not be able to distinguish the fact from the fiction and it must be classified as ''FictionalText''. Noun sense 1 of 'fiction' in WordNet is represented by subtype ''FictionalStory''. Unclear whether these should be merged. 1. (14) fiction - (a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :FictionalThing . :FictionalThing :guid "c10c3005-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: COSMO treats FictionalThings differently from CYC. In COSMO, a FictionalThing is a MentalObject, and cannot be a PhysicalObject or Event. The problem anticipated is that the properties of FictionalThings in the Fictional context can be quite different from the properties in the real world; to avoid logical inconsistencies the relation between fictional things and the types of things they are supposed to represent is specified by using the relation 'isaFictionalPortrayalOf', which can point to a type of Object or Event, or to an individual Object or Event. The fact that the truth of assertions is usually only evaluated in a specific context also provides a barrier to logical inconsistency even if the properties of the fictional things are nonstandard, but making assertions in Fiction different in kind from those about real-world things should make the task of avoiding contradiction easier. NOTE: this usage presents some complications in referring to FictionalThings. particularly when it might be convenient to assert that a FictionalThing is a subtype of a PhysicalObject, which cannot be done in the COSMO context. In CYC the microtheories allow more flexibility, but this foundation ontology is intended to be as comprehensive as possible at the most general level. In CYC the baseKB cannot have fictional things, to avoid this problem. The COSMO is in effect a large 'baseKB' and needs some alternative way to sole he problem. Some difficulties can be avoided clumsily by creating a 'fictional' counterpart to the real-world object linked by a ''isaFictionalPortrayalOf'' for each entity that is to be described. In addition, since the metatypes are not disjoint with each other, the metatypes can be used to allow use of relations that normally apply only to physical objects. Probably there is a better way, but that may require FOL and functions. See \"Snoopy\" for an example. Perhaps a simpler solution would be for a ''FictionalThing'' to not be considered as a ''MentalObject''. This needs furher consideration. @ToDo: try alternatives to see which is most conspicuous as well as being However if an entity is a''MythicalThing'' or ''Supernatural'' hypothetical,it is not necessarily disjoint with PhysicalObjects, so unless something is clearly 'fictional', drawn from some existing work of fiction, using ''Mythical'' or hypothetical allows reasoning as though it is a Physical thing. There may be AttributeValues that can only exist in a Fiction, but these can be contained within the base COSMO ontology with the provision that they can only be applied to FictionalEvents or FictionalObjects. Cyc: The collection of all objects that are #$TemporalThings (beings, magical artifacts, spells, etc.) in fictional works but not extant in the world modeled by the KB in which something is asserted to be an instance of this. This collection should have no instances in #$BaseKB or other general microtheories, but be restricted to microtheories dealing with the real world or some fictional world. Note that instances of #$FictionalContext or stories about #$FictionalThings are not themselves #$FictionalThings, unless they are only defined as existing in some #$FictionalContext. COSMO note: In Cyc FictionalThing is a subtype of TemporalThing, but in COSMO TemporalThings is redefined not to include objects, so this category has been reassigned as a subtype of 'MentalObject' and the more general category 'Individual'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fictional ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :EventType :Object :SituationProcessEventOrState ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FictionalContext :ContextType ) ] ] . :FictionalVillain :wnsense "villain2n" ; :wordnet "villain" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Villain' is a 'BadGuy' who is portrayed in a 'FictionalStory'. This is specifically used for 'BadGuys' who are Fictional. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'villain' in WordNet: 2. (1) villain, baddie - (the principle bad character in a film or work of fiction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadGuy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ; owl:someValuesFrom :FictionalOrMythologicalContext ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fictional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fidget :en "fidget", "fidgeter" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fidget'' is a Person who is ''Fidgeting''> NO WN sense: RHW 'fidget': 4. Also, fidgeter: a person who fidgets. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnpleasantPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fidgeting ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Restless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fidgeting :eng "fidgeting" ; :wnsense "fidget1v" ; :wordnet "fidget" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fidget' in WordNet: 1. (2) fidget - (move restlessly; 'The child is always fidgeting in his seat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :Motion . :Fiduciary :wnsense "fiduciary1n" ; :wordnet "fiduciary" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fiduciary'' is a ''Person'' who is a ''LegalAgent'' who manages and controls some ''Asset'' for some other Agent. This Role may be only part of a Person's activities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fiduciary' in WordNet: 1. fiduciary - (a person who holds assets in trust for a beneficiary; 'it is illegal for a fiduciary to misappropriate money for personal gain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom :Asset ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingProperty ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Field :ldoce "field" ; :wnsense "field1n" ; :wordnet "field" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LandArea that has been cleared of BotanicalTrees. Note that a Field is not necessarily used for the cultivation of crops and that a Field may be very small, e.g. Lawn is a subclass of Field. An instance of 'Field' will typically be a lot smaller than an instance of 'Plain'. A Field is not necessarily flat, it can have small hills, but as a 'GroundorFloor' it is (relatively) Horizontal. Note that this is both a 'Ground' (made of ground stuff) and a 'GroundOrFloor' (a relatively horizontal support where animals can wander). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field' in WordNet: 1. (49) field - (a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed; 'he planted a field of wheat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, :GroundOrFloor, :OutdoorObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ] . :FieldArtillery :guid "c1008f2c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "field artillery1n", "field gun1n" ; :wordnet "field artillery", "field gun" ; a :MilitaryWeaponType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Large-caliber mounted guns, usually operated by a crew working together to load, aim, and fire. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field artillery' in WordNet: 1. field artillery, field gun - (movable artillery (other than antiaircraft) used by armies in the field (especially for direct support of front-line troops)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gun, :MilitaryWeapon . :FieldOfExpertise :ldoce "field", "subject" ; :wnsense "bailiwick2n", "branch of knowledge1n", "discipline1n", "field of study1n", "field4n", "study6n", "subject area1n", "subject field1n", "subject3n" ; :wordnet "bailiwick", "branch of knowledge", "discipline", "field", "field of study", "study", "subject", "subject area", "subject field" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FieldOfExpertise'' is in many respects similar to a ''FieldOfStudy'' but the distinction in COSMO is that a ''FieldOfExpertise'' is the field in which an ''Expert'' is knowledgeable. Although both ''FieldOfStudy'' and ''FieldOfExpertise'' include both a ''BodyOfAcceptedLore'' and a ''Methodology'', the ''Methodology'' is more prominent and important in a ''FieldOfExpertise'' because the ''Expert'needs procedural knowledge in order to perform practical tasks in the field, while someone studying a ''FieldofStudy'' may have little need for the procedural knowledge in order to satisfy her/his interest in the field. This may be viewed as broader in some intuitive respects than the parent type ''FieldOfStudy'' by requiring some aspects of proceural lore that are not required for a formal discipline, but logically either a ''FieldOfExpertise'' or a ''FieldOfStudy'' may include any element of the lore or procedural knowledge, so they are not distinguished by the scope of knowledge involved, only by the emphasis. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'field' and sense 3 of 'subject' in WordNet: 4. (18) discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick, branch of knowledge - (a branch of knowledge; 'in what discipline is his doctorate?'; 'teachers should be well trained in their subject'; 'anthropology is the study of human beings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy . :FieldOfStudy :ldoce "field", "subject" ; :wnsense "bailiwick2n", "branch of knowledge1n", "discipline1n", "field of study1n", "field4n", "study6n", "subject area1n", "subject field1n", "subject3n" ; :wordnet "bailiwick", "branch of knowledge", "discipline", "field", "field of study", "study", "subject", "subject area", "subject field" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FieldOfStudy is a composite object, including both the accepted knowledge - the lore - of some recognized field of knowledge, and also the theories and the methodology that the practitioners in the field use to discover or create new information in that field. The paradigms discussed by Thomas Kuhn in his book 'The Structure of Scientific Reolutions' is included in the 'methodology' component, and also contains the models and exemplar experiments and results. The representations in SUMO and Cyc do not correspond exactly to this representation. Termed 'FieldOfStudy' in both Cyc and SUMO. NOTE that in general a 'FieldOfStudy'' ''hasComponentElement'' ''Methodology'', but in some cases a 'FieldOfStudy'' is a subtype of ''Methodology''. See for example ''Rhetoric''. NOTE: what might be considered as instances of this Type, e.g. Chemistry, Physics, are represented as subtypes. This is to allow specializations of the broad fields (e.g. Biochemistry, NuclearPhysics) to be properly represented as subtypes, and those especializations might in turn have specializations. Fields of study are not considered as conceptual individuals in COSMO. This differs from the Cyc documentation. Note also that because there are no instances, the restrictions below will never apply to any specific thing - rather, they are placeholders for axioms that can be used in inferencing on classes of things, when this ontology is ported to FOL, and are also intended to clarify the intended meaning. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A specialization of #$AbstractInformationalThing. Each instance of #$FieldOfStudy is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of #$FieldOfStudy are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of #$AcademicDepartment (q.v.), although one #$AcademicDepartment may cover several instances of #$FieldOfStudy. Instances of #$FieldOfStudy include #$ArtHistory, #$Physics, and #$ArtificialIntelligence. SUMO: An academic or applied discipline with recognized experts and with a core of accepted theory or practice. Note that FieldOfStudy is a subclass of Proposition, because a FieldOfStudy is understood to be a body of abstract, informational content, with varying degrees of certainty attached to each element of this content. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field ofstudy' and sense 4 of 'field' and sense 3 of 'subject' and sense 1 of 'discipline' in WordNet: 4. (18) discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick, branch of knowledge - (a branch of knowledge; 'in what discipline is his doctorate?'; 'teachers should be well trained in their subject'; 'anthropology is the study of human beings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomainOfKnowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfAcceptedLore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Methodology ] . :FieldSportsEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SportsEvent that is conducted in an open field, including tennis games.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :SportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AthleticField ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :FieldWork :wnsense "field work1n" ; :wordnet "field work" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field work' in WordNet: 1. field work - (an investigation carried out in the field rather than in a laboratory or headquarters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Research, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheWorkingField ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Fielder :wnsense "fielder1n" ; :wordnet "fielder" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The entry ''Fielder'' in WordNet includes all positions in the 'field', including catcher and pitcher. But it is most commonly used to refer to an ''Outfielder''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fielder' in WordNet: 1. (1) fielder - (a member of the baseball team that is in the field instead of at bat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballField ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :Fieldwork :wnsense "fieldwork1n" ; :wordnet "fieldwork" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fieldwork' in WordNet: 1. fieldwork - (a temporary fortification built by troops in the field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fortification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Battlefield ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Fierce :isTheOppositeOf :DisposedToReason, :Rational ; :wnsense "fierce2adj", "tearing1adj", "trigger-happy2adj", "vehement1adj", "violent4adj" ; :wordnet "fierce", "tearing", "trigger-happy", "vehement", "violent" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fierce'' is a subtype of ''Emotional'' characterizing Animals (especially people) who react or tend to react with strong, sometimes violent emotion to situations that do not usually produce such reaction in others. . Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'fierce' in Wordnet: 2. (5) fierce, tearing, vehement, violent, trigger-happy - (marked by extreme intensity of emotions or convictions; inclined to react violently; fervid; 'fierce loyalty'; 'in a tearing rage'; 'vehement dislike'; 'violent passions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Emotional, :PersonTraitValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViolentAction ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Fiercely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Cutthroat, :Fierce ; :wnsense "fiercely2adv" ; :wordnet "fiercely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fiercely'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions that are performed with energy and deep emotion. The referenced attributes seem to both relate to this manner adverb. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'fiercely' in WordNet: 2. fiercely - (in an emotionally fierce manner; 'she was fiercely proud of her children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Fiery :wnsense "fiery2adj", "igneous3adj" ; :wordnet "fiery", "igneous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Fiery'' is very broad, and used mostly in a figurative sense, meaning 'comparatively very hot'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'fiery' in Wordnet: 2. (2) fiery, igneous - (like or suggestive of fire; 'the burning sand'; 'a fiery desert wind'; 'an igneous desert atmosphere') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hot . :FifteenMinutes :hasQuantifier :N_15 ; :hasUnit :minutes ; a :TimeDuration . :Fifth :hasNumericalAbbreviation "5th" ; :hasOrderNumber "5"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "fifth" ; :wnsense "fifth1adj" ; :wordnet "fifth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifth' in WordNet: 1. (13) fifth, 5th - (coming next after the fourth and just before the sixth in position) """ . :Fifth-Volume :wnsense "fifth1n" ; :wordnet "fifth" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fifth-Volume'' is an English unit of volume equal to 1/5 of a UnitedStatesGallon. This is a common quantity for Whiskey sold in bottles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fifth' in WordNet: 1. (1) fifth - (a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :FifthPlace :en "fifth place", "fifth-place" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContestRank . :Fifty :hasCardinalityNumber "50"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "50"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "fifty1adj" ; :wordnet "fifty" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''Fifty'' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifty instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifty' in WordNet: 1. (25) fifty, 50, l - (being ten more than forty) """ . :FiftyEight :en "fifty-eight" ; :hasCardinalityNumber "58"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "58"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "581adj", "fifty-eight1adj", "lviiii1adj" ; :wordnet "58", "fifty-eight", "lvii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FiftyEight'' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifty eight instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifty-eight' in WordNet: 1. fifty-eight, 58, lviii - (being eight more than fifty) """ . :FiftyFeet :en "50 feet", "fifty feet" ; :hasQuantifier :N_50 ; :hasUnit :feet ; a :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:comment """''FiftyFeet'' is an instance of 'LengthMeasure' with a value of '50 feet' - usable as a measurement of any property measuring extension in real space: length, width, depth, circumference, distance. NOTE that this is a measure of length, *not* a region location in space that has a length of one inch. """ . :FiftyFive :en "fifty-five" ; :hasCardinalityNumber "55"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "55"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "551adj", "fifty-five1adj", "lv1adj" ; :wordnet "55", "fifty-five", "lv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FiftyFive'' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifty five instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifty-five' in WordNet: 1. fifty-five, 55, lv - (being five more than fifty) """ . :FiftyFour :en "fifty-four" ; :hasCardinalityNumber "54"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "54"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "541adj", "fifty-four1adj", "liv1adj" ; :wordnet "54", "fifty-four", "liv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FiftyFour'' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifty four instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifty-four' in WordNet: 1. fifty-four, 54, liv - (being four more than fifty) """ . :FiftyNine :en "fifty-nine" ; :hasCardinalityNumber "59"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "59"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "581adj", "fifty-nine1adj", "lviiii1adj" ; :wordnet "58", "fifty-nine", "lvii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FiftyNine'' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifty nine instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifty-nine' in WordNet: 1. fifty-eight, 58, lviii - (being eight more than fifty) """ . :FiftyOne :hasCardinalityNumber "51"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "51"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "511adj", "fifty-one1adj", "li1adj" ; :wordnet "51", "fifty-one", "li" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FiftyOne'' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifty one instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifty-one' in WordNet: 1. fifty-one, 51, li - (being one more than fifty) """ . :FiftyPercent :hasQuantifier :N_50 ; a :PercentNumber, :Ratio . :FiftyPercentAlcohol :hasFractionMeasure :FiftyPercentByVolume ; :hasSalientFractionalPart :EthylAlcohol ; a :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance, :LiquidSubstance . :FiftyPercentByVolume :hasFractionMeasure :N_1_2 ; :hasQuantifier :N_50 ; a :VolumePercent . :FiftySeven :en "fifty-seven" ; :hasCardinalityNumber "57"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "57"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "571adj", "fifty-seven1adj", "lvii1adj" ; :wordnet "57", "fifty-seven", "lvii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FiftySeven'' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifty seven instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifty-seven' in WordNet: 1. fifty-seven, 57, lvii - (being seven more than fifty) """ . :FiftySix :en "fifty-six" ; :hasCardinalityNumber "56"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "56"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "561adj", "fifty-six1adj", "lvi1adj" ; :wordnet "56", "fifty-six", "lvi" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FiftySix'' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifty six instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifty-six' in WordNet: 1. fifty-six, 56, lvi - (being six more than fifty) """ . :FiftyThree :en "fifty-three" ; :hasCardinalityNumber "53"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "53"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "531adj", "fifty-three1adj", "liii1adj" ; :wordnet "53", "fifty-three", "liii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FiftyThree'' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifty three instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifty-three' in WordNet: 1. fifty-three, 53, liii - (being three more than fifty) """ . :FiftyTwo :en "fifty-two" ; :hasCardinalityNumber "52"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "52"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "521adj", "fifty-two1adj", "lii1adj" ; :wordnet "52", "fifty-two", "lii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FiftyTwo'' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifty two instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifty-two' in WordNet: 1. fifty-two, 52, lii - (being two more than fifty) """ . :Fig :wnsense "fig4n" ; :wordnet "fig" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fruit that grows on a FigTree. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'fig' in WordNet: 4. fig - (fleshy sweet pear-shaped yellowish or purple multiple fruit eaten fresh or preserved or dried) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, :Ovoid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FigTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :FigTree :en "fig tree" ; :guid "bd58a3cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fig2n" ; :wordnet "fig" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fig' and sense 1 of 'common fig tree' in WordNet: 2. fig, common fig, common fig tree, Ficus carica - (Mediterranean tree widely cultivated for its edible fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitTree, :NettleOrder, :Tree . :Fight-Physical :SUMO "ViolentContest" ; :eng "fighting" ; :guid "c0048d2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fight" ; :wnsense "combat2n", "contend6v", "fight1n", "fight2v", "fight3n", "fighting1n", "struggle4v" ; :wordnet "contend", "fight", "fighting", "struggle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$ConflictEvents in which two or more #$competingAgents try to subdue each other by inflicting physical injury. A #$Fight-Physical may be between individuals or between groups, and may involve weapons or not. The #$competingAgents may be #$Persons or #$NonPersonAnimals. The fighting must be mutual; if one side refuses to attack the other or tries to flee instead of attacking, it is not a #$Fight-Physical. For the more specific military battles (not included in this type), use 'MilitaryEngagement'. The noun 'comnbat' as in 'single combat' to refer to a fight between individuals is included; for the military sense of combat, see 'Combat'. COSMO note: This is interpreted very generally. See also 'ChemicalAttack' - if by a terrorist the purpose may not be to subdue, but to damage and terrorized the victims and their compatriots. Similar to SUMO 'ViolentContest': A Contest where one participant attempts to physically injure another participant. This includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'fight', verb sense 1 of 'fight', and noun sense 1 of 'fighting' and noun sense 2 of 'combat' in WordNet: 1. (268) fight, fighting, combat, scrap - (the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; 'a fight broke out at the hockey game'; 'there was fighting in the streets'; 'the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap') 3. (108) fight - (a boxing or wrestling match; 'the fight was on television last night') WN verb 'fight\": 1. (112) contend, fight, struggle - (be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight; 'the tribesmen fought each other'; 'Siblings are always fighting'; 'Militant groups are contending for control of the country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, :ViolentAction . :Fighter :wnsense "battler1n", "belligerent1n", "fighter1n", "scrapper1n" ; :wordnet "battler", "belligerent", "fighter", "scrapper" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fighter'' is any Person who performs any of the subtypes of ''Fight-Physical'' including boxing, wrestling, and warfare. A ''Fighter'' may use a Weapon, or just her/his fists or feet. This is the most generic fighter, with no types intermediate between this and ''Person''. More specialized types have other labels. The military 'fighter' is represented by subtypes ''Warrior' and ''Combatant''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fighter' in WordNet: 1. (6) combatant, battler, belligerent, fighter, scrapper - (someone who fights (or is fighting)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weapon ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fight-Physical ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :FightingaFire :en "fighting a fire", "fighting fires", "fire fighting", "firefighting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FightingaFire'' is an Action in which some person or group attempts to extinguish a ''Fire''. This is an 'AttemptingActivity'', since not all attempts at fighting fires (especially large-area fires). This is for 'FireFighting'' performed by organized groups including mostly ''Firefighter''s,whether professional or volunteers with local volunteer fire departments. firefighting """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExtinguishingaFire ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExtinguishingaFire ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firefighter ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Figurative :isAnAttributeValueOf :AbstractText, :LinguisticManner, :Phrase, :Speaking ; :isTheOppositeOf :Literal ; :wnsense "figurative1adj", "nonliteral1adj" ; :wordnet "figurative", "nonliteral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of linguistic usage opposite to ''Literal'', in which words are intended to have meanings that are not the original and standard dictionary eanings. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'figurative' in WordNet: 1. (3) figurative, nonliteral - ((used of the meanings of words or text) not literal; using figures of speech; 'figurative language') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonConforming . :Figure :ldoce "figure" ; :wnsense "figure1n" ; :wordnet "figure" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Figure' is an Illustration that is part of an AbstractDocument. This is a necessary and sufficient definition, and an Illustration is a COSMO 'Figure' whether it is or is not called a 'figure' in the document. Ex: MadonnaAndChildV7 in TheBookOfKells This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'figure' in WordNet: 1. (67) figure, fig - (a diagram or picture illustrating textual material; 'the area covered can be seen from Figure 2') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Illustration ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Illustration [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractDocument ; owl:onProperty :isContainedInObject ] ) ] . :Figure-Geometrical :isaSynonymOf :GeometricFigure ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The Cyc term for 'GeometricFigure'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :FigureOfSpeech :wnsense "figure of speech1n", "figure10n", "image5n", "trope1n" ; :wordnet "figure", "figure of speech", "image", "trope" ; a :ActionType, :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FigureOfSpeech''is a 'RhetoricalManeuver' (use of a linguistic phrase of any length) in which the speaker or writer uses words in a non-literal manner to convey an idea in the anticipation that the intended meaning will be conveyed more effectively and convincingly than by using strictly literal phrases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'figure of speech' in WordNet: 1. (1) trope, figure of speech, figure, image - (language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RhetoricalManeuver . :Figurine :guid "bf97c9ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "figurine1n", "statuette1n" ; :wordnet "figurine", "statuette" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of small carved or molded #$Sculptures. These are usually #$Collectibles. #$Figurines range in quality, but the more typical ones of high quality are made of #$Porcelain or #$Crystal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'figurine' in Wordnet: 1. (1) figurine, statuette - (a small carved or molded figure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collectible, :ModelFigure, :Sculpture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fiji :wnsense "Fiji1n" ; :wordnet "Fiji" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Fiji' in WordNet: 1. Fiji, Republic of Fiji - (an independent state within the British Commonwealth located on the Fiji Islands) """ . :FilamentlikeObject :guid "416e907a-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An object, not an attribute: a filament-like object. The distinguishing characteristic is a length/width ratio that should be at least 6 (greater than a short-ish LongAndThinThing which may be as small as 3). This type of Object can be thin like the axon of a neuron, or a hair or a microbe's flagellum, but can be quite thick, like a 'cable' holding up a bridge, it merely has to be long and thin and have sufficient flexibility to form an arc when suspended from two supports at a distance typical for its use (if it is an artifact object). It can have a round cross-section (a rope or have a cross-section in which one length is significantly greater than the other, like a ''Ribbon'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinObject . :File-Tool :ldoce "file" ; :wnsense "file4n" ; :wordnet "file" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'File-Tool' is an elongated HandTool typically made of a hard metal, having narrowly spaced raised ridges, used to abrade objects by drawing the file across the object to be abraded, thereby removing small pieces from the surface of the object. Files are commonly flat, long, thing, and ribbon shaped) but can also be round or triangular. NOTE: @ToDo: as a temporary measure, an emory-board 'nail file' will be included in this type, but should be distinguished. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'file' in WordNet: 4. (1) file - - (a steel hand tool with small sharp teeth on some or all of its surfaces; used for smoothing wood or metal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :HardwareTool, :RigidObject, :SimpleTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FilingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoughSurface ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :FileCabinet :wnsense "file cabinet1n", "file3n", "filing cabinet1n" ; :wordnet "file", "file cabinet", "filing cabinet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'file cabinet' in WordNet: 1. (1) file, file cabinet, filing cabinet - (office furniture consisting of a container for keeping papers in order) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :Object-SupportingFurniture, :OfficeFurniture, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaperFile ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :FileClerk :guid "bd58cafb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "file clerk1n" ; :wordnet "file clerk" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'file clerk' in WordNet: 1. file clerk, filing clerk, filer - (a clerk who is employed to maintain the files of an organization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClericalWorker . :FileFolder :wnsense "file folder1n" ; :wordnet "file folder" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FileFolder'' is a ''Folder'' that is designed to hold ''Paperdocument''s in a ''FileCabinet'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'file folder' in WordNet: 1. file folder - (folder that holds papers together in a filing cabinet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Folder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaperDocument ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :FilicopsidaClass :guid "bd58828d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A biological class within the plant kingdom which includes the TrueFerns""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PterophytinaSubdivision . :FilingNails :en "filing fingernails", "filing nails", "filing toenails" ; :guid "c1009a59-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The event in which fingernails or toenails are filed in order to smooth or shape them. A nail file or emery board is held throughout. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FilingSomething, :PersonalGrooming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitNail ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :FilingSomething :en "filing" ; :eng "filing" ; :wnsense "file2v" ; :wordnet "file" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The event in which some object is abraded using a file. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'file' in WordNet: 2. (10) file - - (smooth with a file; 'file one's fingernails') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :File-Tool ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :FilingaDocument :wnsense "file away1v", "file1v" ; :wordnet "file", "file away" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''FilingaDocument' is a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' Action in which some ''PaperDocument'' is placed into a ''FileFolder'' . archive, file away Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'file' in WordNet: 5. (1) file, file away - (place in a container for keeping records; 'File these bills, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paperwork, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaperFile ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FileFolder ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :FilledFormField a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''BlankField''is a 'BlankSpace' in some generic ''Page'', that is also an identifiable ''PageField'' that may or may not be fillable. This can also represent the remaining ''BlankField''s that have not been filled in on a that can be on an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. \"StructuredInformationBearingObject\" NOTE that the part that is 'blank' in a ''BlankField'' does not include the field label. So if a fillable field has a label (specifying what is to be filled in) as well as a blank space, the label will be *part* of the field, and the ''BlankField'' will be part of the field, **if it has not been filled in**. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormField, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FilledIn ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FilledIn :ened "being filled in", "filled in", "having been filled in" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FillingInBlankSpace ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FilledIn'' is an Attribute of a ''FormField'' that went from ''Blank'' to not ''Blank'' due to a ''FillingInBlankSpace'' Action (on a physical form or on a computer page). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Filler :ldoce "addition" ; :wnsense "filler4n" ; :wordnet "filler" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Filler' is a 'PhysicalObject' (which may be substance-like, as a granulated material) added to another 'PhysicalObject' in an 'AddingEvent', to fill in space, without adding to the functionality (as in a shipping container). It is not totally functionless, being useful, e.g. to minimize damage in shipping, but is not the important part of the whole. This is not the abstract text used as 'filler' in publishing: 3. filler - (copy to fill space between more important articles in the layout of a magazine or newspaper) This sense is not yet (rev1119) represented. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'filler' in WordNet: 4. makeweight, filler - (anything added to fill out a whole; 'some of the items in the collection are mere makeweights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddedObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unimportant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fillet :wnsense "filet1n", "fillet1n" ; :wordnet "filet", "fillet" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fillet' in WordNet: 1. fillet, filet - (a boneless steak cut from the tenderloin of beef) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beefsteak, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TenderloinOfBeef ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :Filling :wnsense "filling4n" ; :wordnet "filling" ; a :FoodType, :MixtureType, :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Filling'' is a semisolid Food mixture that is contained in some ''FoodObject'', which may be an open-top container (Pie crust or Tortilla) or a shaped wraping, often some form of bread or cake, as in certain types of donut or cookie or 'wrap'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'filling' in WordNet: 4. filling - (a food mixture used to fill pastry or sandwiches etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodConcoction, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ] . :FillingEvent :guid "bd5898fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fill" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :EmptyingEvent ; :wnsense "fill1v", "fill2v" ; :wordnet "fill" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'FillingEvent' is an Event in which some objects or substance enters some container - by a natural process or by an agent's action - so that the conainer has more such material in it at the end of the Event than at the beginning. The FillingEvent need not be complete - a partial filling is still a FillingEvent. This Event has two case roles - the container being filled and the thing entering into the container; it may or may not have an agent doing the filling, but the filling may be done by a natural process. In Cyc this is an illustration of FluidFlow, but this type in COSMO is more general, so that putting crates into a truck is also an instance of FillingEvent, and the material inserted can be discrete objects, not just fluids. Called 'fillingProcess' in Cyc - but no comments. This includes the active and passive senses. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'fill' in WordNet: 1. (63) fill, fill up, make full - (make full, also in a metaphorical sense; 'fill a container'; 'fill the child with pride') 2. (12) fill, fill up - (become full; 'The pool slowly filled with water'; 'The theater filled up slowly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringAContainer, :FluidFlow-Translation, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent . :FillingInBlankSpace :wnsense "complete5v", "fill in4v", "fill out1v", "make out8v" ; :wordnet "complete", "fill in", "fill out", "make out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FillingInBlankSpace'' is a subtype of ''Writing'' in which the physical writing (or on a computer) serves to add information to a ''BlankFormField'' on a ''GenericForm'' (See e.g. ''Questionnaire''). The space need not be on a ''Questionnaire'' but for now (rev1411) that is the only Type that specifically is intended to have space to be filled in. A parent type might be useful. NOTE that this is necessararily an ''InformationTransferEvent'' because its purpose is to prvide information to the Agent who created the document with the blank spaces to be filled in. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'fill in' in WordNet: 4. complete, fill out, fill in, make out - (write all the required information onto a form; 'fill out this questionnaire, please!'; 'make out a form') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, :Informing, :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlankFormField ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :FillingInCracks :en "fill in a crack" ; :eng "filling in a crack" ; :env "fill in a crack" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FillingInCracks'' is the act of putting a semiliquid ''Sealant'' into a ''Crack'' or ''Crevice'' in some ArtifactObject so as to fill the space, whether to prevent leakage of liquid, to strengthen the Object, or to improve appearance or some other purpose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :FillingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sealant ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Crack :Crevice :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usedSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sealant ] . :FillingInaPosition :en "in lieu of", "in place of", "in stead of", "on behalf of" ; :wnsense "behalf1n", "lieu1n", "place5n", "position15n", "stead1n" ; :wordnet "behalf", "lieu", "place", "position", "stead" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FillingInaPosition'' is the Group of ''JobFunctions'' that one Person performs when another person has the permanent ''JobFunctions'' that include those tasks. This is the ActionGroup of one Person 'filling in' for another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'position' in WordNet: 15. stead, position, place, lieu - (the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another; 'can you go in my stead?'; 'took his place'; 'in lieu of') WN noun 'behalf': 1. (4) behalf - (as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as 'on behalf of' rather than 'in behalf of'); 'the guardian signed the contract on behalf of the minor child'; 'this letter is written on behalf of my client';) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JobFunctions, :SubstituteThing, :Substitution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :JobDescription ] . :FillingSomeoneInOnaTopic :wnsense "fill in1v" ; :wordnet "fill in" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FillingSomeoneInOnaTopic'' is a form of ''Informing'' in which one Person tells another 'Person''(s) the latest information about some Situation or other Topic. The Audience may or may not already have some information about the Topic, but this is used to answer questions that are likely to occur to the Audience when that Audience performs some Action or be affected by some Event that the informant expects to be of interest or importance to the Audience. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fill in' in WordNet: 1. (4) fill in - (supply with information on a specific topic; 'He filled me in on the latest developments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WellInformed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :FillingaPosition :wnsense "fill6v" ; :wordnet "fill" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FillingaPosition'' is the action of ''EngagingaWorker'' performed by some Supervisor in an Organization, in which some Person is assigned to some ''EmploymentPosition'' in that Organization. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'fill' in WordNet: 6. (1) fill - (appoint someone to (a position or a job)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngagingaWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHired ; owl:someValuesFrom :Employee ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Position ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssumingaPosition ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Film-SheetOrCoating :guid "bd58a0c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; :ldoce "film" ; :wnsense "film3n", "film4n" ; :wordnet "film" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all films that are either instances of #$FreeSheet or liquid coating (#$Film-Coating). Elements are thin (less than 5 millimeters in thickness) flexible sheets (see #$SheetOfSomeStuff). Some films are removable from objects that they touch (see #$Film-FreeSheet) such as #$PlasticWrap, or a section of motion picture film (see #$PhotographicFilm-Exposed) on a roll. Others are liquid coatings, such as films of grease or wet #$Paint (see #$Film-Coating). Dried paint is a negative exemplar of #$Film-SheetOrCoating. -Foxvog, Oct 16, 1998. (dried paint is a subtype of 'Paint') For the substance plastic in a film-like form use the subtype 'PlasticFilm'. 'PhotographicFilm' is a subtype. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'film' in WordNet: 3. (42) film - (a thin coating or layer; 'the table was covered with a film of dust') 4. (28) film, plastic film - (a thin sheet of (usually plastic and usually transparent) material used to wrap or cover things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetlikeSubstance . :FilmCamera :guid "d24e0b8c-995b-41d8-820c-c4577f0dbaa5" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$FilmCamera is a #$Camera that stores images (still or moving) on #$PhotographicFilm. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Camera, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhotographicFilm ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :FilmingaMovie :wnsense "film2v" ; :wordnet "film" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FilmingaMovie'' is the act of creating a representation of an abstract ''Movie'' on some recorded form, whether of 'celluloid' 'film' (of any chemical composition) or on tape or in digital form or any other manner of recording. This co-occurs with ''MakingaMovie'' though the inverse is not true if the ''Movie'' is created in digital form. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'film' in WordNet: 2. film - (record in film; \"The coronation was filmed\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingaConceptualWork, :PhysicalCreationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Movie :MovieFilm :VideoRecording :ComputerVideoFile ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaMovie ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cameraman ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Filter :guid "bd58b369-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "filter1n" ; :wordnet "filter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalFilter that is used for filtering fluids - gases or liquids. The auto air intake filter and a coffee maker filter are examples. A Sieve designed to screen granular solids is not a Filter (see ''Sieve'') NOTE that a ''Sieve'' may also be used for filtering a liquid,but a ''Filter'' cannot be used for ''Sieving'' granulated solids. SUMO: A Device whose purpose is to remove part of a Solution that is passed through the Filter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'filter' in Wordnet: 1. (4) filter - (device that removes something from whatever passes through it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalFilter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Filtering ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :Filtering :en "filtering" ; :guid "ab2b22fa-9d49-41d8-9a33-8745916ea13f" ; :wnsense "filter1v", "filtration1n", "filtration2n" ; :wordnet "filter", "filtration" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event (natural or controlled by human agents) in which a PhysicalFilter removes solid particle from a fluid (liquid or gas). Includes natural and human-controlled filtration. In CYC 'Filtering-Generic' seems to be a more general, not just physical filtering. This COSMO type is only for the physical Event. An instance of #$TemporalStuffType. Each instance of #$Filtering-Generic is an event in which something is, in some sense, filtered out from something else. This includes instances of #$FluidFiltrationProcess but also things like filtering out #$Spam-UnsolicitedEMail from one's email using a #$FilterProgram. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'filtration' and verb sense 1 of 'filter' in WordNet: 1. filtration - (the process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium) 2. filtration - (the act of changing a fluid by passing it through a filter) WN verb 'filter': 1. (10) filter, filtrate, strain, separate out, filter out - (remove by passing through a filter; 'filter out the impurities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Filter ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidType ] . :Filthy :wnsense "filthy1adj", "foul7adj", "nasty4adj" ; :wordnet "filthy", "foul", "nasty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'filthy' in Wordnet: 1. (2) filthy, foul, nasty - (disgustingly dirty; filled or smeared with offensive matter; 'as filthy as a pigsty'; 'a foul pond'; 'a nasty pigsty of a room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dirty . :Fin :guid "bd58dc05-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fin6n" ; :wordnet "fin" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Appendage that fish and sea mammals use to locomote. The arm-lke appendage on an ''\"AquaticMammal'' is called a ''Flipper''. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'fin' in WordNet: 6. fin - (organ of locomotion and balance in fishes and some other aquatic animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :FlexibleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AquaticOrganism ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swimming ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :FinKeel :wnsense "fin keel1n" ; :wordnet "fin keel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinKeel'' is a 'Board' made of metal or some other rigid material, projecting from the keel of a small boat (but not part of the keel). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fin keel' in Wordnet: 1. fin keel - (a metal plate projecting from the keel of a shallow vessel to give it greater lateral stability) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Keel ; owl:onProperty :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy ] . :Final :contrastsWith :FirstOfaSeries, :Initial, :Intermediate ; :wnsense "final1adj" ; :wordnet "final" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Final'' Specifies the last Event (including states) in a series of events, when they are ordered in a timeline. The events do not have to be of a specific type, they can be any type of event, but in that case they would be constrained to some context. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'final' (referring to finality within some time period) in WordNet: 1. (31) concluding, final, last, terminal - (occurring at or forming an end or termination; 'his concluding words came as a surprise'; 'the final chapter'; 'the last days of the dinosaurs'; 'terminal leave') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Last . :FinalAuthority :en "final authority" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinalAuthority'' is an ''Authority'' that is a Person with the unquestioned power to create a ''Decree'' that must be obeyed within the time and place and context in which the ''FinalAuthority'' has that power. In a Monarchy a single person is the ''FinalAuthority'' for that GeopoliticalEntity, but in democracies that kind of power may be held by judges that are empowered by law to issue decisions under their own authority that compel action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authority, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Law ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decree ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :FinalChemicalProduct :wnsense "product4n" ; :wordnet "product" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinalChemicalProduct'' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that is produced by ''ChemicalSynthesis'' Action that is not a ''ChemicalIntermediate'' nor a ''ChemicalPrecursor'', and is the ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' whose production is the intended goal of a ''ChemicalSynthesis'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'product' in WordNet: 4. (29) product - (a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction; 'a product of lime and nitric acid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChemicalSynthesis ] . :FinalLifeStage :wnsense "adulthood1n" ; :wordnet "adulthood" ; a :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'The ''FinalLifeStage'' is the stage of life that is lived independently of a mother, not in a womb or egg, and not changing by metamorphosis into another stage of life, changing gradually and ending in ''death'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ] . :FinalScore :wnsense "score3n" ; :wordnet "score" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FinalScore' is a 'GameScore' at the end of a contest. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'score' in WordNet (the final score only) in WordNet: 3. (4) score - (a number that expresses the accomplishment of a team or an individual in a game or contest; 'the score was 7 to 0') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameScore . :FinalState :en "end state", "final state" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FinalState'' is a PersistentState (which could persist for a very brief period) that is the end state of some ''ProcessiveEvent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :ProcessStep . :FinalTournamentRound :wnsense "final1n" ; :wordnet "final" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinalTournamentRound'' is a ''TournamentRound'' in which one game (or match) is played and the winner of that game becomes the winning 'Champion'. There are at least two ''Finalist''s competing, but may be more than two, depending on the type of Tournament. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'final' in WordNet: 1. final - (the final match between the winners of all previous matches in an elimination tournament) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TournamentRound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finalist ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Finalist :wnsense "finalist1n" ; :wordnet "finalist" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """There are usually two ''Finalist''s but may be up to four; if the competition is called a 'semifinal' then the competitors are 'semifinalists'. NOTE: this is intended to include non-sports competitions, such as beaut ontests and quiz shows. A ''FinalTournamentRound'' is for aports; other types of elimination contests still need to be represented. @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finalist' in WordNet: 1. finalist - (a contestant who reaches the final stages of a competition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adversary, :Contestant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinalTournamentRound ; owl:onProperty :wasaContestantInCompetition ] . :Finance :hasSubjectOfStudy :BankBuilding, :BankOrganization, :Banking, :Financing ; :wnsense "finance2n" ; :wordnet "finance" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Finance'' is the branch (subdivision) of ''Economics'' concerned with providing and obtaining money for economic acivity. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'finance' in WordNet: 2. finance - (the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Economics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finance ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Financial :pertainsTo :Banking, :FinancialAccount, :FinancialAsset, :FinancialCompany, :FinancialOrganization, :FinancialSecurity, :Financing, :Money, :MoneyTransaction, :Wealth ; :wnsense "financial1adj", "fiscal1adj" ; :wordnet "financial", "fiscal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Financial'' is a broad AttributeValue of some type or instance that concerns money, savings,wealth financial transactions, securities, and similar things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'financial' in WordNet: 1. (22) fiscal, financial - (involving financial matters; 'fiscal responsibility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :FinancialAccount :guid "bd58dcfe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AccountType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Account. Each instance of #$FinancialAccount is an account which is denominated in units of #$MonetaryValue (q.v.). Specializations of #$FinancialAccount include #$BankAccount, #$CreditCardAccount, and #$VendorAccount. NOTE that the ''AccountBalance'' which is the asserted value of a FinancialAccount is the *net* assets minus liabilities in the account. NOTE that every ''Account'' is a source of ''Money''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Account, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AccountBalance ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :FinancialAccountTenderObject :guid "bd5902db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject is an object (e.g., a check or a credit card) that serves as a means for offering payment in funds drawn on an associated instance of #$FinancialAccount. The liquidity of an instance of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject depends on the status of the associated financial account (see the predicates #$accountBalance and #$accountStatus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TenderObject . :FinancialAsset :guid "be576ad1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subset of #$SomethingExisting. Each element of #$FinancialAsset is a claim or title to a real asset. Examples include stocks, bonds, and financial accounts.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asset . :FinancialAssetType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FinancialAssetType' is a metatype which is a specialization of 'AssetType'; it can serve as type for financial assets generally or for Specific types of 'ShareOfstock', such as 'GeneralMotorsStock' or some subtype of a corporation's stock.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssetType, :ValuableThingType . :FinancialAssistance :wnsense "financial aid1n" ; :wordnet "financial aid" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'FinancialAssistance'' is an action in which one Agent transfers Money or something needed in place of money to help another Agent,when the motive for the helping action is not personal gain, but mostly for the benefit of the other agent. Common examples are: donating money to a charity, a charitable organization; providing food or cothing or shelter without pay, or the government providing money that was not earned by previous work (e.g. welfare or unemployment payments or emergency assistance) NOTE:this is an Action, not the money given. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'financial aid' in WordNet: 1. (1) financial aid - (assistance given in the form of money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AltruisticAction, :ProvidingMonetarySupport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EconomicAssistance ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :FinancialBailout :en "bailout", "financial bailout" ; :enn "bailout", "financial bailout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinancialBailout'' is an action taken to help an Agent (Person or Organization) that is in 'financial trouble', usually highly indebted, and without help is likely to go bankrupt. The help can be of various types such as lending money or buying a share of a company or taking on some debt, but in any case requires the Agent doing the bailout to provide some ''MoneyObject''. RHW 'bailout': 2. an instance of coming to the rescue, esp. financially: a government bailout of a large company. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rescuing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indebtedness ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bankruptcy ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyObject ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :Organization :PersonType :OrganizationType ) ] ] . :FinancialCapability a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Capability to act as an Agent in some Action, by virtue of having sufficient financial resources (money on hand, assets, credit) to perform a certain function. Often the function that requires a FinancialCapability will be to purchase something. Having this 'capability' merely implies that a Person can make a purchase - it does not mean that that Person can do so without borrowing or serious financial difficulty. For the latter, use 'FinancialMeans'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability . :FinancialCompany :guid "c1443e40-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$FinancialCompany is a specialization of #$PrivateSectorOrganization, #$FinancialOrganization, and #$CommercialServiceOrganization. Each instance of #$FinancialCompany is a business engaged in financial activities as it's main concern. An instance of #$FinancialCompany is a commercial service organization that buys, sells, trades, converts, or lends money, in the form of currency or negotiable financial instruments (such as stocks, bonds, commodities futures, etc.), as (one of) its major function(s). The collection #$FinancialCompany does not include businesses, such as retailers, which simply exchange goods or non-financial services for money. Examples: Chase Bank, University Federal Credit Union, Fidelity Investments (but NOT the IMF). Cf. the supercollection #$FinancialOrganization for non-business organizations engaged in financial activities (such as the IMF). SUMO: The class FinancialCompany includes, as subclasses, FinancialBank, CreditUnion and SavingsAndLoan.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Business, :CommercialServiceOrganization, :FinancialOrganization . :FinancialDocument :en "financial document" ; :enn "financial document" ; :guid "bd589326-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of documents that describe or are directly concerned with the finances of a person or organization. This category includes only physical objects, but such objects can be electronic and do not have to be human-readable. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinancialThing ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :FinancialEase :wnsense "comfort4n", "ease2n" ; :wordnet "comfort", "ease" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FinancialEase'' is a ''FinancialStatus'' of people who are ''Well-off''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ease' in WordNet: 2. ease, comfort - (a freedom from financial difficulty that promotes a comfortable state; 'a life of luxury and ease'; 'he had all the material comforts of this world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialStatus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Well-off ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FinancialFacility :guid "ca767e6c-5b0a-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CommercialFacility. Each instance of #$FinancialFacility serves as #$physicalQuarters of some #$FinancialOrganization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialFacility . :FinancialInterest :FIBO "equity" ; :wnsense "interest6n", "stake1n" ; :wordnet "interest", "stake" ; a :AssetType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinancialInterest'' is any of various types of legal ''Right'' that has a monetary value, entitling the owner to receive some money in some form. The term 'ownership interest', could apply to this type of asset, but is often used for stockholders' equity. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'interest' in WordNet: 6. (57) interest, stake - ((law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something; 'they have interests all over the world'; 'a stake in the company's future') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialAsset, :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :FinancialLiability :wnsense "liability1n" ; :wordnet "liability" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinancialLiability'' is a ''Liability'' (an ''ObjectCondition'') of Persons who have a potential Financial debt that may be incurred from a result of some Action or negligence by the Person that had negative consequences for another Person. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'liability' in WordNet: 1. (1) liability - (the state of being legally obliged and responsible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :FinancialStatus, :Liability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :FinancialLoss :wnsense "financial loss1n", "loss3n", "red ink1n", "red4n" ; :wordnet "financial loss", "loss", "red", "red ink" ; a :LossType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FinancialLoss' is a ''PersonalLoss'' in which some MoneyObject or ''FinancialAsset'' or ''Income'' is lost or is reduced in value. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'financial loss' in WordNet: 1. financial loss - (loss of money or decrease in financial value) WN 'loss': 3. (206) loss, red ink, red - (the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue; 'the company operated at a loss last year'; 'the company operated in the red last year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, :PersonalLoss, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Profit :MoneyObject :Asset :MoneyType :ObjectType :AssetType ) ] ] . :FinancialMeans :ldoce "means" ; :wnsense "means3n", "substance5n" ; :wordnet "means", "substance" ; a :ResourceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """FinancialMeans is either a ''MoneyObject'' or some means of obtaining a ''MoneyObject'' sufficient to buy something without going in to debt. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'means' in WordNet: 3. means, substance - (considerable capital (wealth or income); 'he is a man of means') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Means, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyObject ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving ] . :FinancialOrganization :guid "bd590577-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "financial institution1n", "financial organisation1n", "financial organization1n" ; :wordnet "financial institution", "financial organisation", "financial organization" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$FinancialOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$FinancialOrganization is primarily or significantly engaged in the #$FinancialIndustry or whose activities focus on that industry. Instances of both #$CommercialServiceOrganizations (e.g., banks and brokerage houses) and #$NonProfitOrganizations (e.g., #$InternationalMonetaryFund) may be instances of #$FinancialOrganization. Specializations of #$FinancialOrganization include #$BankOrganization, #$FinancialExchange, and #$InvestmentOrganization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'financial organization' in WordNet: 1. financial institution, financial organization, financial organisation - (an institution (public or private) that collects funds (from the public or other institutions) and invests them in financial assets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :FinancialPortfolio :wnsense "portfolio3n" ; :wordnet "portfolio" ; a :AssetType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinancialPortfolio' is a 'Group' of one or more types of 'FinancialAsset's owned by one LegalAgent. This Group may be all of the same type or heterogeneous, (stocks, bonds, futures, real estate). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'portfolio' in WordNet: 3. portfolio - (a list of the financial assets held by an individual or a bank or other financial institution; 'they were disappointed by the poor returns on their stock portfolio') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :FinancialAsset, :Group, :MoneyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FinancialAssetType ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :FinancialSecurity :wnsense "security2n" ; :wordnet "security" ; a :RightType, :StockType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinancialSecurity'' that is one unit (in any form) of a Right to some financial benefit, whether a 'share of stock' representing the ownership of a Corporation, MutualFund, or limited partnership or some futures contract, commoditized debt (as a CMO), or anything else that may be traded and has some grounding in something of value. At any given time it has a value in some currency. This is also a subtype of 'MoneyObject'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'security' in WordNet: 2. (222) security, certificate - (a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends; 'he held several valuable securities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :FinancialAsset, :MoneyObject, :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :FinancialStatus :en "economic situation" ; :wnsense "economic condition1n", "financial condition1n" ; :wordnet "economic condition", "financial condition" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of ''EconomicSituation'' reflects the overall net wealth and/or income of a Person, but is not solely a measure of monetary value. Though closely related to monetary 'new wealth' this also reflects social relations that make life easy or hard for a person. One can be, for example, 'in difficult straits', 'dirt poor', 'well-off' or 'wealthy'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'financial condition' in WordNet: 1. financial condition, economic condition - (the condition of finances) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSituation, :Status, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :FinancialThing a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Finance :Money :MoneyObject :MortgageAgreement :MoneyTransaction :Loan ) ] . :Financially :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Financial ; :wnsense "financially1adv" ; :wordnet "financially" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Financially'' is an AdverbialModifier asserting that the adjective modified by this type is in some way related to one or more of the concepts pointed to by the PertainingAttribute ''Financial'' (Financing, Money, Wealth, etc.). Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'financially' in WordNet: 1. (5) financially - (from a financial point of view; 'this was financially unattractive') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :FinanciallyInsecure :isAnAttributeValueOf :PersonalCircumstances ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Insecurity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Safe ; :wnsense "insecure2adj" ; :wordnet "insecure" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FinanciallyInsecure'' is the attribute of a Person whose sources of income are unstable or liable to change in a negative manner, more so than the average Person. This implies an accumulated wealth that is not enough to support normal living for more than three years. Corresponds to part (for financial circumstances) of adjective sense 1 of 'unsafe' in Wordnet: 1. insecure, unsafe - (lacking in security or safety; 'his fortune was increasingly insecure'; 'an insecure future') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RiskFree . :Financing :en "financing" ; :wnsense "finance1n", "finance1v" ; :wordnet "finance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Financing'' is the ''Lending'' of Money to some ''BusinessVenture'' to help the venture become establised, or to assist buyers to buy something they do not have cash for. This is for the ''Lending'' side of Financing. The ''Borrowing'' should be related by a ''hasReciprocalEvent''. Corresponds to part (providing = lending) of verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'finance' in WordNet: 1. (23) finance - (obtain or provide money for; \"Can we finance the addition to our home?\") WN noun 'finance': 1. (4) finance - (the commercial activity of providing funds and capital) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lending, :MoneyTransaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPaid ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Banking ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FinancingaBusiness :FinancingaPurchase ) ] ] . :FinancingaBusiness a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FinancingaBusiness'' is the subtype of ''Borrowing'' in which one agent borrows money from another in order to esablish or expand a business, or to provide cash for expenses when cash flow is insufficient.. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (the borrowing aspect) of 'finance' in WordNet: 1. (23) finance - (obtain or provide money for; 'Can we finance the addition to our home?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Borrowing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Financing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom :EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness ] . :FinancingaPurchase a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FinancingaPurchase'' is the subtype of ''Borrowing'' in which one agent borrows money from another in order to purchase something. The common items purchased by financing are houses and automobiles and education (student loans). This includes payday loans and credit card purchases - in many cases,short-term borrowing. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (the borrowing aspect) of 'finance' in WordNet: 1. (23) finance - (obtain or provide money for; 'Can we finance the addition to our home?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Borrowing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Financing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom :Buying ] . :Finch :guid "bd623a31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "finch1n" ; :wordnet "finch" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finch' in WordNet: 1. finch - (any of numerous small songbirds with short stout bills adapted for crushing seeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Songbird . :Finding-Generic :guid "c11fcfd1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "discover", "find" ; :wnsense "discover3v", "find1v", "find4v", "find9v" ; :wordnet "discover", "find" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Finding-Generic is the collection of events which can reasonably be considered ''finding events''. A finder may play a deliberate or non-deliberate role in his/her action (see #$deliberateActors, #$nonDeliberateActors). The thing found may be tangible (see e.g. #$FindingAPhysicalObject) or intangible. The thing found may match some definite or indefinite description (see #$FindingAnObject-Definite or #$FindingAnObject-Indefinite). If #$Finding-Generic is the #$lastSubEvents in a #$LookingForAThingOrTypeOfThing and the thing found matches what was being sought then the #$Finding-Generic is a deliberate or purposeful action (see #$PurposefulAction). Examples include ''We happened upon this strange idea in Plato,'' ''After months of searching, their bodies were finally located'' (see #$FindingAPhysicalObject), ''Deep Blue is able to find rapidly a set of best possible chess moves,'' ''The traveller found his true love in Paris,'' ''Fred found his beloved old pair of glasses under the table'' (see #$FindingAnObject-Definite), ''Fred found a cheap old pair of black glasses at the thrift store which met his budget and fashion constraints perfectly'' (see #$FindingAnObject-Indefinite). ''After much deliberation, the coalition of nations finally found common ground on which to base the agreement,'' ''During an experiment Pasteur accidentally found that the penicillin mold prevented the growth of bacteria,'' Upon reading the later two examples one may wonder if concepts as disparate as 'Agreeing on Something' and 'Discovering Something' should be subsumed under #$Finding-Generic. No, concepts as disparate as 'Agreeing on Something' and 'Discovering Something' should not, in general, be a kind of #$Finding-Generic. However, if a given agreement, decision, or other thought process is *conceived* as search in some particular context, then such a thought process would be a legitimate element of #$Finding-Generic in that context. Linguistic usage, such as ''...nations found common ground...'' or ''Pasteur found that...'' may be a tip off that, in the context at hand, certain particular cases of 'Agreeing on Something' or 'Discovering Something' are being viewed as #$Finding-Generic. In general, however, 'Agreeing on Something' or 'Discovering Something' is not a kind of #$Finding-Generic. Please consult the many specializations of #$Finding-Generic before adding assertions to #$Finding-Generic. This is a general sense of 'find', including senses 1, 2, 4, and 9 of verb 'find', and sense 3 of 'discover'. The more specific sense of 'discover' as the result of some deliberate search is a subtype of this type. in WordNet: 1. (159) find, happen, chance, bump, encounter - (come upon, as if by accident; meet with; 'We find this idea in Plato'; 'I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here'; 'She chanced upon an interesting book in the bookstore the other day') 4. (60) determine, find, find out, ascertain - (establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study; 'find the product of two numbers'; 'The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize') 9. (29) discover, find - (make a discovery; 'She found that he had lied to her'; 'The story is false, so far as I can discover') WN 'discover': 3. (21) learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out, get a line, discover, see - (get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally; 'I learned that she has two grown-up children'; 'I see that you have been promoted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsciousActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectFound ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoundThing ] . :FindingAPhysicalObject :guid "bd6337fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "find" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :LosingAPhysicalObject ; :wnsense "find3v", "regain2v" ; :wordnet "find", "regain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a physical object is found (located, discovered, etc.). This includes finding an object that one lost, as well as finding something that was never before in one's possession, as finding money on the street or some natural object outdoors (such as a shell on a beach) - but as a PurposefulAction, some element of ''Perceiving'' must be present in the time immediately prior to and causing the finding event. One person finding something that other people already knew about is included, but might be distinguishable if needed. The 'location' determined for the thing found is a ''SiteOfaFind'', pointed to by the relation ''occuredAt''. The thing found can be almost anything physical: gold nuggets, oil reservoir, a new species of bird, an undiscovered tomb, a lost pet, a hidden corpse, or anything else perceivable. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'find' in WordNet: 3. (86) find, regain - (come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost; 'Did you find your glasses?'; 'I cannot find my gloves!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscoveryEvent, :Finding-Generic, :LocatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPerceived ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SearchingForAnObject ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SiteOfaFind ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :FindingSomethingUnexpectedly :wnsense "chance on1v", "chance upon1n", "come across1v", "come upon1v", "discover5v", "fall upon1v", "happen upon1v", "light upon1v", "strike12v" ; :wordnet "chance on", "chance upon", "come across", "come upon", "discover", "fall upon", "happen upon", "light upon", "strike" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FindingSomethingUnexpectedly' is a '''FindingAPhysicalObject'' and an ''Encounter'' in which the thing found was not expected to be where it was found, and it was previously concealed from general view. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chance upon' in WordNet: 1. fall upon, strike, come upon, light upon, chance upon, come across, chance on, happen upon, attain, discover - (find unexpectedly; 'the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb'; 'she struck a goldmine'; 'The hikers finally struck the main path to the lake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Encounter, :FindingAPhysicalObject, :MakingSomethingNoticeable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unintended ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Findings :en "finding", "findings" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Findings'' is 'NewKnowledge' produced by ''Research'' or ''TestingEvent'' or'exploration of some kind - e.g. experimental, theoretical, archaeological, or library research. Can this come from generic ''Inquiring''? RHW 'finding': 2. Often, findings. something that is found or ascertained. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NewKnowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Research :TestingEvent :DiscoveryEvent ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ResearchReport ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ] . :FineArtObject :wnsense "fine art1n" ; :wordnet "fine art" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FineArtObject' is an ArtObject that is not a Device- that is, it was not created primarily to perform some useful function, but to create a sense of enjoyment or beauty or admiration in the person perceiving it visually. Music is not a FineArtObject. Includes two-dimensional art and sculpture, but *not* architecture or other mostly practical objects that may also be artistically designed. Corresoonds to the instances of objects included in the WordNet 'Fine Art': in WordNet: 1. art, fine art - (the products of human creativity; works of art collectively; 'an art exhibition'; 'a fine collection of art') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtObject, :SymbolicThing . :FineParticle :en "fine particle" ; :enn "fine particle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FineParticle'' is a ''Particle'' that is less than 1 mm in diameter, of any solid substance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Particle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.9"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :FineParticles :en "fine particles" ; :enn "fine particles" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FineParticles'' is a Group of some ''Particle''s, each particle must be less than 0.2 mm in diameter, and usually is much smaller. The particles can be in a vacuum' in air, in a liquid, in a solid, or on the surface of a solid - here they are just treated as a Group. This type of Group may be produced by a ''DividingIntoFineParticles'' Action but may be produced (like ''Dust'') by some natural process not requiring an IntentionalAgent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Particle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinelyDivided ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DividingIntoFineParticles ; owl:onProperty :mayBeProducedByMethod ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParticulateMatter ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :FineTuning :wnsense "fine-tune2v", "tweak3v" ; :wordnet "fine-tune", "tweak" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FineTuning'' is a careful and precise ''TuningUp'' to achieve optimal performance. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fine-tune' in WordNet: 2. fine-tune, tweak - (adjust finely; 'fine-tune the engine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TuningUp, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evaluating ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Device ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Improvement ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ] . :Finely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :FinelyDivided ; :wnsense "finely1adv" ; :wordnet "finely" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Finely'' is an AdverbialModifier, that modifies an Event or PastParticiple to assert that the process resulted in something ''FinelyDivided'' or cut into thin sections. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'finely' in Wordnet: 1. (3) finely - (in tiny pieces; \"the surfaces were finely granular\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :FinelyDivided :en "finely divided" ; :enadj "finely divided" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :FineParticles, :ParticulateMatter ; :isaValueOf :Granularity ; :ldoce "fine" ; :wnsense "fine3adj" ; :wordnet "fine" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FinelyDivided'' (synonym 'fine') is an attribute value that characterizes ''FineParticles'' and ''ParticulateMatter''. This implies having a granularity that is very small; of substances (including granular substances) or of texture on surfaces. This attribute can be interpreted relative to the norm for the substance being described; all dust is 'fine' by granular material standards, but 'fine dust' would be of even smaller than typical particles. For 'fine' as in 'OK, that's OK, allright' use 'Satisfactory'. @ToDo: as of rev1005, the levels of granularity have not been ordered. See also 'hasGranularity' and 'Homogeneous'. Corresponds to *part* (for small particles) of adjective sense 3 of 'fine' in Wordnet: 3. (2) fine - (of textures that are smooth to the touch or substances consisting of relatively small particles; 'wood with a fine grain'; 'fine powdery snow'; 'fine rain'; 'batiste is a cotton fabric with a fine weave'; 'covered with a fine film of dust') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Finesse :disposesToAction :ActOfKindness ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Diplomatic-Skilled ; :wnsense "delicacy6n", "diplomacy2n", "discreetness2n", "finesse1n" ; :wordnet "delicacy", "diplomacy", "discreetness", "finesse" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ is the trait of someone who is disposed to not only consider the needs and concerns and feelings of others, but to focus as much on her/his own needs when attepting to come to an agreement with another party that requires actions on both sides. RHW: finesse 2. skill in handling a difficult or highly sensitive situation; adroit and artful management: exceptional diplomatic finesse. NOTE: WN gloss seems to suggest the action itself, but this is the *trait* that disposes to discrete or diplomatic actions Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'discreetness' in WordNet: 2. delicacy, diplomacy, discreetness, finesse - (subtly skillful handling of a situation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tact . :Finger :guid "bd58bf7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "finger" ; :wnsense "finger1n" ; :wordnet "finger" ; a :FingerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all digits of all #$Hands (q.v.). Fingers are (typically) flexibly jointed and are necessary to enabling the hand (and its owner) to perform grasping and manipulation actions. SUMO: The five extremities of Hands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Finger' in WordNet: 1. (54) finger - (any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb); 'her fingers were long and thin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :Digit-AnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :FingerFood :guid "be79eafc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "finger food1n" ; :wordnet "finger food" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is interpreted as a Food object, not a Food substance. The size should not be significantly larger than an adult's hand. Each instance of FingerFood should be cohesive and rigid enough not to fall apart when picked up. This is an Object, but is not necessarily an Artifact because freshly plucked fruit eaten without preparation qualifies as a subtype. Cyc: This is the collection of foods normally eaten using the fingers rather than utensils, that is, one's fingers directly touch the food and this is not considered rude in the cultural context of the eating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finger food' in WordNet: 1. finger food - (food to be eaten with the fingers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparedFood, :SmallObject, :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingaWithTheFingers ; owl:onProperty :wasHandledInEvent ] . :FingerHole :wnsense "finger hole1n" ; :wordnet "finger hole" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FingerHole'' is a ''Hole'' in a ''WoodwindInstrument'' that can be obstructed ('closed') by pplacing a finger over it (so it is about 5 to 15mm wide). Putting a finger over a hole changes the pitch of the instrument when blown.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finger hole' in WordNet: 1. finger hole - (one of a series of holes in a woodwind instrument; pitch changes when a finger covers it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Hole, :Opening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :WoodwindInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FingeringaWoodwind ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :FingerSizedObject :en "finger size object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FingerSizedObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that is about the size of an adult human ''Finger'' (not the thumb) whose maximum diameter is 6 cm, and maximium length is 1 cm, so it can be somewhat elaongated like a pencil. This type is not being used to describe small animals, but that is not precluded at this point (v0.50). For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject FingerSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject \"TinyObject\" Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :FingerSpelling :wnsense "finger-spell1v", "fingerspell1v" ; :wordnet "finger-spell", "fingerspell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FingerSpelling'' is a form of direct face-to-face communication used mostly by the deaf, in which words are spelled using hand gestures. This Contrasts with sign languages that use gestures to signify whole words or phrases rather than individual letters. In some countries such as Russia, this is the most common means of direct communication among the blind. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fingerspell' in WordNet: 1. fingerspell, finger-spell - (communicate by means of specific gestures, as an alternative to sign language; 'The Deaf often fingerspell') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :Spelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face-to-face ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FingerTip :guid "bd58e97f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Finger ; :wnsense "fingertip1n" ; :wordnet "fingertip" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The end part of finger, distal from the body. Usually extends from the end ofthe fingernail to the first (outermost) joint in the finger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fingertip' in Wordnet: 1. (2) fingertip - (the end (tip) of a finger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finger ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finger ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :FingerType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of FingerType is a subtype of 'Finger', indicating the specific type of Finger (e.g. 'LeftThumb') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPartType . :FingeringSomething :en "finger" ; :eng "fingering" ; :wnsense "finger1v", "thumb3v" ; :wordnet "finger", "thumb" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FingeringSomething'' is an Action in which some Person intentionally touches some other object with the finger(s). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'finger' in WordNet: 1. (1) finger, thumb - (feel or handle with the fingers; \"finger the binding of the book\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TouchingDeliberately, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finger ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :FingeringaMusicalInstrument :en "fingering", "fingering a musical instrument" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FingeringaMusicalInstrument'' is a ''FingeringSomething'' that is part of ''PlayingAMusicalInstrument'' for certain types of instrument. This action is specifically performed to play a note (piano) or to change the pitch of a wind instrument (open/close holes). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FingeringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalInstrument ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingAMusicalInstrument ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :FingeringaWoodwind :en "fingering", "fingering a woodwind instrument" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FingeringaWoodwind'' is a ''FingeringaMusicalInstrument'' that involves covering a ''FingerHole'' with one or more Fingers, thus changing the ''Pitch'' of the sound coming from the instrument when it is blown into. (Pushing valves could be a sibling type. This is just to detail a ''Recorder'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoveringSomething, :FingeringaMusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FingerHole ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCovered ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WoodwindInstrument ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pitch ; owl:onProperty :hasChangedAttribute ] . :Fingernail :guid "bd58b818-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Finger ; :ldoce "nail" ; :wnsense "fingernail1n" ; :wordnet "fingernail" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Protective covering at the end of a finger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fingernail' and part of sense 1 of 'nail' in WordNet: 1. (3) nail - (horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits) WN 'fingernail': 1. (1) fingernail - (the nail at the end of a finger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitNail, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finger ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Fingerprint :guid "bd5e4ba9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fingerprint1n" ; :wordnet "fingerprint" ; a :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: 'Fingerprint' is interpreted as the abstract image of a fingerprint, rather than the physical mark left on an object that has been handled. this permits the system to equate fingerprints (patterns) that are abstracted from different physical objects (e.g. drinking glasses and fingerprint cards). For the physical smudge that is visible fingerprint, use ''FingerprintTrace''. It is an AttributeType ('BiologicalAttribute') and an AbstractImage, and a MentalObject ('Identifier'). Quite a mixture. Cyc: A collection of visual marks. Each element of #$Fingerprint is a mark made when pressure from a manual digit leaves traces of body oils (or ink) on a surface, showing the patterns on the skin of the finger(s) that made them. SUMO: That pattern of arches, loops, and whorls that mark the imprint of a Finger. This is closest to sense 1 of 'Fingerprint' in WordNet, however WN includes 'print' as a parent type. in WordNet: 1. (5) fingerprint - (biometric identification from a print made by an impression of the ridges in the skin of a finger; often used as evidence in criminal investigations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, :AuthenticationSource, :BiometricIdentifier, :VisualPattern, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :FingerprintTrace ] . :FingerprintAttribute a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FingerprintAttribute is an Attribute of an organism that specifes the value of a particular fingerprint. The finger (left thumb) should be specified, along with the fingerprint image (an instance of 'Fingerprint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAssociatedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fingerprint ] . :FingerprintTrace :wnsense "fingermark1n", "fingerprint3n" ; :wordnet "fingermark", "fingerprint" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FingerprintTrace'' is the actual visible smudge mark on a surface created by the touch of a person's finger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fingerprint' in Wordnet: 3. fingermark, fingerprint - (a smudge made by a (dirty) finger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Smudge, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fingerprint ] . :Finicky :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :SelfConfidence ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unexacting ; :wnsense "finical1adj", "finicky1adj", "fussy3adj", "particular5adj", "picky1adj" ; :wordnet "finical", "finicky", "fussy", "particular", "picky" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'finicky' in Wordnet: 1. (1) finical, finicky, fussy, particular, picky - (exacting especially about details; 'a finicky eater'; 'fussy about clothes'; 'very particular about how her food was prepared') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertive . :Fining :en "fining", "imposing a fine" ; :enn "imposing a fine" ; :ldoce "fine" ; :wnsense "fine1v", "ticket1v" ; :wordnet "fine", "ticket" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A form of Punishing in which a person or Organization is required to pay a monetary fine to or on behalf of some Authority. It can be a small fine, as in a traffic ticket, or a very large one, as in fining a corporation for violating some law or regulation. The Debt created by this type of Action is a 'PayableFine'. NOTE\"'tcket' is distinguishable from this general sense, and should be a subtype. This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fine' in WordNet: 1. ticket, fine - (issue a ticket or a fine to as a penalty; 'I was fined for parking on the wrong side of the street'; 'Move your car or else you will be ticketed!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Penalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :PayableFine ] . :FinishLine :wnsense "finish line1n", "finishing line1n" ; :wordnet "finish line", "finishing line" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinishLine'' is a kind of ''Destination'' that is a line in a race course where the racers must cross in order to finish (complete) the ''Race''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'finish line' in WordNet: 1. finishing line, finish line - (a line indicating the location of the finish of a race) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Destination, :LineOnaSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CrossingTheFinishLine ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingPlaceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Racing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Racer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaceCourse ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaceCourse ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtTheEndOf ] . :Finished :ldoce "over" ; :wnsense "all over1adj", "complete5adj", "concluded1adj", "done1adj", "ended1adj", "finished2adj", "over1adj", "terminated1adj", "through with1adj", "through1adj" ; :wordnet "all over", "complete", "concluded", "done", "ended", "finished", "over", "terminated", "through", "through with" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Finished' is an AttributeValue of an Event that is no longer underway. This AttributeValue can only be assigned to an Event after the EndingTime of some Event. When applied to things like a 'manuscript',the interpretation is that the *writing* event that produced the manuscript is completed, and that the manuscript is 'Complete'. Includes adjective sense 2 of 'finished' and sense 1 of 'over' in WordNet: 2. (2) finished - (ended or brought to an end; 'are you finished?'; 'gave me the finished manuscript'; 'the manuscript is finished'; 'almost finished with his studies') WN 'over': 1. (22) complete, concluded, ended, over, all over, terminated - (having come or been brought to a conclusion; 'the harvesting was complete'; 'the affair is over, ended, finished'; 'the abruptly terminated interview') WN adj 'done': 1. (7) done, through, through with - (having finished or arrived at completion; 'certain to make history before he's done'; 'it's a done deed'; 'after the treatment, the patient is through except for follow-up'; 'almost through with his studies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FinishingAnArtifactSurface :wnsense "finish4v" ; :wordnet "finish" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FinishingAnArtifactSurface'' is any of several types of Action in which *either* a coating of some 'finish' liquid is applied to the surface of an Object to give it a desired appearance. (This is applied especially to 'finishing' wooden object with a glossy or semiglossy lacquer-like substance, with or without prior application of a 'stain'); *or* a smoothing (''Smoothening'') or other process is applied to a surface to give it a desired texture. These alternative methods are differentiated by the subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoveringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ] . :FinishingSubstance :wnsense "finish1n" ; :wordnet "finish" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FinishingSubstance'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that can be applied to or has been applied to) the surface of a ''SolidObject'' to enhance its appearance. This includes the liquid substance before drying or setting, and the solid coating that results from its application. These could be distinguished when needed. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'finish' (the substance, noot the surface appearance) in WordNet: 1. (238) coating, finish, finishing - (a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that gives it that appearance); 'the boat had a metallic finish'; 'he applied a coat of a clear finish'; 'when the finish is too thin it is difficult to apply evenly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinishingAnArtifactSurface ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Finite :wnsense "finite1adj" ; :wordnet "finite" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Finite'' specifies a quantity that can at least in theory be measured. Smaller than ''Infinite''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'finite' in Wordnet: 1. (12) finite - (bounded or limited in magnitude or spatial or temporal extent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, :Quantifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infinite ; owl:onProperty :isLittlerThan ] . :Finland :wnsense "Finland1n" ; :wordnet "Finland" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Finland' in WordNet: 1. Finland, Republic of Finland, Suomi - (republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917) """ . :Fir :isDerivedFrom :FirTree ; :wnsense "fir1n" ; :wordnet "fir" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance fir, a type of Wood, not a tree. As ''Lumber'' this type of substance must already have been cut from the tree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fir' in Wordnet: 1. fir - (nonresinous wood of a fir tree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lumber, :OrganicSubstance, :Wood . :FirTree :guid "c0fe02c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fir tree1n", "fir2n" ; :wordnet "fir", "fir tree" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fir' in Wordnet: 2. fir, fir tree, true fir - (any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConiferousTree, :Tree . :Fire :ldoce "fire" ; :wnsense "fire1n" ; :wordnet "fire" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The event in which something burns in air, from start to finish of the burning Event. The object burned need not be completely burned. NOTE that a ''Fire'' in general has a ''Flame'' as a subEvnet, bt in the case of a ControlledFire, the ''Flame'' component may be in essene the same thing as the ''Fire'' - as is the case for a ''CandleFlame''. NOTE: this is a case where a reified FunctionalProcess will probably be needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fire' in WordNet: 1. (616) fire - (the event of something burning (often destructive); 'they lost everything in the fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combustion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CombustibleSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consumesSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :consumesSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flame ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :FireAlarm :guid "bdb03b1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fire alarm2n", "smoke alarm1n" ; :wordnet "fire alarm", "smoke alarm" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of objects; a subset of #$AlarmDevice. Every instance of #$FireAlarm can emit an #$AlarmSignal signifying the presence of fire, i.e. #$CombustionProcess. It may do this automatically, e.g. by detecting smoke or rising temperature; or it may be manually activated. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fire alarm' in WordNet: 2. fire alarm, smoke alarm - (an alarm that is tripped off by fire or smoke) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlarmDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FireAlarmSignal ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :FireAlarmSignal :wnsense "fire alarm1n" ; :wordnet "fire alarm" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AlarmSound'' is an ''AlarmSignal'' that is an audible sound, usually loud. This can be indoors or outdoors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fire alarm' in WordNet: 1. fire alarm - (a shout or bell to warn that fire has broken out) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlarmSignal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fire ; owl:onProperty :signifies ] . :FireDepartment :guid "aa548fa4-8730-41d7-99f1-dc81fdb14a7b" ; :wnsense "fire department1n" ; :wordnet "fire department" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of #$FireDepartment is an organization that is usually part of and funded by a local city or county government. A #$FireDepartment employs many #$Firefighters, resides in a #$FireStation, owns or leases and uses a few #$FireTrucks, and has the responsibility of responding to instances of #$FireEmergency to attempt to extinguish the fire and rescue and/or aid people who might be hurt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fire department' in WordNet: 1. fire department - (the department of local government responsible for preventing and extinguishing fires) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalGovernmentOrganization, :ServiceOrganization . :FireHose :wnsense "fire hose1n" ; :wordnet "fire hose" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FireHose'' a ''Hose'' of large diameter used by firefighters to spray water onto a burning object. usedby ''Firefighter'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fire hose' in WordNet: 1. fire hose - (a large hose that carries water from a fire hydrant to the site of the fire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hose, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SprayingWater ; owl:onProperty :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firefighter ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :FireTruck :guid "be00ca8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fire engine1n", "fire truck1n" ; :wordnet "fire engine", "fire truck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Truck which are used to extinguish fire in fire outbreak cases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fire truck' in WordNet: 1. fire engine, fire truck - (any of various large trucks that carry firemen and equipment to the site of a fire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmergencyVehicle, :Truck . :Firearm :CYC "Gun-Portable" ; :guid "bd58a00e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :propels :Bullet ; :uses :BulletAssembly ; :wnsense "firearm1n" ; :wordnet "firearm" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Gun that is small enough to be carried and fired by a single Human. This includes handguns, rifles and shotguns. It fires cartridges ('BulletAssembly') and propels either bullets ('Bullet') or 'ShotgunShot'.. Called 'Gun-Portable' in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of both #$SmallArm-Weapon and #$PortableObject. Each instance of #$Gun-Portable is a gun light enough for its average user to move easily. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firearm' in Wordnet: 1. (6) firearm, piece, small-arm - (a portable gun; 'he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gun, :PortableObject . :Firebox :wnsense "firebox1n" ; :wordnet "firebox" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Firebox'' is a ''HeatingChamber'' in which some ''Fuel'' is burned to produce heat in order to heat something near to (usually above) the ''Firebox'', such as a ''Boiler'' in a steam locomotive. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firebox' in WordNet: 1. firebox - (a furnace (as on a steam locomotive) in which fuel is burned) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingChamber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControlledFire ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fuel ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThermalEnergy ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThermalEnergy ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Fired :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FiringSomeone ; :wnsense "discharged2adj", "dismissed1adj", "fired1adj", "laid-off1adj", "pink-slipped1adj" ; :wordnet "discharged", "dismissed", "fired", "laid-off", "pink-slipped" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This''Fired'' includes being laid off for an indefinite period though not yet permanently dismissed.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fired' in Wordnet: 1. discharged, dismissed, fired, laid-off, pink-slipped - (having lost your job) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :FiredClay :en "fired clay" ; :ldoce "clay" ; a :StoneType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'PhysicalSubstance' that is the form of 'Clay' that has been dried and hardened by a natural or artificial process. This is the material of which 'Brick' is composed. For the more general sense including moist and dry clay, use 'Clay'. Although this is called 'FiredClay' because most of the objects that consist of this are created by firing in a Kiln, but it also includes clay that has dried by a natural process (e.g. baking in the sun) so as to become hard. This is for both brick and ceramics and any other clay objects hardened by heat. There is no entry in WordNet specifically for the substance fired clay. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dry ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KilnFiring ; owl:onProperty :mayBeProducedByMethod ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baking-Hardening ; owl:onProperty :mayBeProducedByMethod ] . :Firefighter :guid "be01e0f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fire fighter1n", "fire-eater1n", "firefighter1n", "fireman4n" ; :wordnet "fire fighter", "fire-eater", "firefighter", "fireman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person employed by or volunteering with some organization specifically to fight and extinguish fires. Not necessarily a government employee, though except for volunteer frefighters, usually is part of a government Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firefighter' in WordNet: 1. fireman, firefighter, fire fighter, fire-eater - (a member of a fire department who tries to extinguish fires) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :EmergencyWorker, :FirstResponder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FightingaFire ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firehouse ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firehouse ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FireDepartment ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Firefly :wnsense "firefly2n", "lightning bug1n" ; :wordnet "firefly", "lightning bug" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Firefly'' is a fascinating flying beetle that swarms in the evening and makes periodic flashes of its rear body, apparently functioning as a mating signal. Wikipedia: The Lampyridae are a family of insects in the beetle order Coleoptera with over 2,000 described species. They are soft-bodied beetles that are commonly called fireflies or lightning bugs for their conspicuous use of bioluminescence during twilight to attract mates or prey. Fireflies produce a \"cold light\", with no infrared or ultraviolet frequencies. This chemically produced light from the lower abdomen may be yellow, green, or pale red, with wavelengths from 510 to 670 nanometers.[3] Some species such as the dimly glowing \" blue ghost \" of the Eastern US are commonly thought to emit blue light (less than 490 nanometers), though this is a false perception of their truly green emission light due to the Purkinje effect.[4] Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'firefly' in WordNet: 2. firefly, lightning bug - (nocturnal beetle common in warm regions having luminescent abdominal organs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beetle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmittingaGlow ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlyingWithWings ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Firehouse :CYC "FireStation" ; :guid "c1008ed6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fire station1n", "firehouse1n" ; :wordnet "fire station", "firehouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Firehouse'' is a building where ''FireTruck''s are kept ready for immediate deployment when a fire alarm is received, and where ''FireFighter''s stay ands sometimes sleep while waiting for an alarm. NOTE: for volunteer companies, most members do not stay at the Firehouse unless they are on active station duty at that time. In CYC 'FireStation'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firehouse' in WordNet: 1. fire station, firehouse - (a station housing fire apparatus and firemen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentalBuilding, :VehicleStorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FireTruck ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ] . :Fireplace :guid "bd58f63d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fireplace" ; :wnsense "fireplace1n", "hearth1n", "open fireplace1n" ; :wordnet "fireplace", "hearth", "open fireplace" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The brick construction attached to a chimney which opens into a room and in which fuel is burned. A negative example would be #$ElectricFireplace, because it is not a permatnent structure, nor does it burn fuel. A positive example would be a #$GasFireplace. SUMO: A Device in a Building which is used for burning wood, coal, etc for heat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fireplace' in WordNet: 1. (5) fireplace, hearth, open fireplace - (an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built; 'the fireplace was so large you could walk inside it'; 'he laid a fire in the hearth and lit it'; 'the hearth was black with the charcoal of many fires') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirHeatingDevice, :FuelPoweredDevice, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :ProcessingContainer . :Fireside :wnsense "fireside2n", "hearth2n" ; :wordnet "fireside", "hearth" ; a :ObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fireside'' is a metonymic use of the Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fireside' in WordNet: 2. hearth, fireside - (home symbolized as a part of the fireplace; 'driven from hearth and home'; 'fighting in defense of their firesides') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Home . :Firewood :consistsOfManyOf :PieceOfWood ; :guid "c0f46d51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "firewood1n" ; :wordnet "firewood" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: pieces of wood used (by people) as fuel for fires. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firewood' in WordNet: 1. (1) firewood - (wood used for fuel; \"they collected and cut their own firewood\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombustibleFuelSubstance, :Fuel, :Wood . :Firework-Display :en "firework display", "fireworks", "fireworks display", "fireworks show", "pyrotechnic display", "pyrotechnics display" ; :enn "fireworks" ; :guid "be010235-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PyrotechnicEvent. Each instance of #$Firework-Display is a colorful, short-lived aftermath of a fireworks explosion. RHW 'fireworks': 2. fireworks, a. a pyrotechnic display. This includes illumination by ground-based fireworks. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingSomething, :EntertainmentEvent, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IlluminatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flame ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firework-PyrotechnicDevice ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firework-PyrotechnicDevice ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sky ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :Firework-PyrotechnicDevice :guid "408b5e4c-f331-41d6-87a9-a59a465c4dac" ; :wnsense "firework1n", "pyrotechnic1n" ; :wordnet "firework", "pyrotechnic" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PyrotechnicDevice. Each instance of #$Firework-PyrotechnicDevice is a pyrotechnic device that is used to create an instance of #$Firework-Display (q.v.) Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (fot illumination pyrotechnics used in entertainment displays) of 'pyrotechnic' in WordNet: 1. (2) firework, pyrotechnic - ((usually plural) a device with an explosive that burns at a low rate and with colored flames; can be used to illuminate areas or send signals etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightEmittingObject, :PyrotechnicDevice . :Firing :wnsense "fire3n", "firing1n" ; :wordnet "fire", "firing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firing' in WordNet: 1. (8) fire, firing - (the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy; 'hold your fire until you can see the whites of their eyes'; 'they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryAttack . :FiringSomeone :ldoce "fire" ; :wnsense "can2v", "discharge7n", "dismiss4v", "dismissal4n", "fire4v", "firing4n", "force out2v", "give notice1v", "give the axe1v", "give the sack1v", "release5n", "removal2n", "sack2v", "sacking2n", "terminate4v" ; :wordnet "can", "discharge", "dismiss", "dismissal", "fire", "firing", "force out", "give notice", "give the axe", "give the sack", "release", "removal", "sack", "sacking", "terminate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The termination of an Employee by a supervisor, involuntary on the part of the Employee. WN 'reoval' sense 2 seems to be for public office,but it is not otherwise represented. Perhaps a separate type? Corresponds to sense 4 of verb 'fire' and sense 4 of 'dismiss' in WordNet: 4. (7) fire, give notice, can, dismiss, give the axe, send away, sack, force out, give the sack, terminate - (terminate the employment of; 'The boss fired his secretary today'; 'The company terminated 25% of its workers') WN noun 'removal': 2. removal - (dismissal from office) WN noun 'dismissal': 4. dismissal, dismission, discharge, firing, liberation, release, sack, sacking - (the termination of someone's employment (leaving them free to depart)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmploymentTermination, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :SocialOccurrence . :Firm :ldoce "firm" ; :wnsense "firm2adj" ; :wordnet "firm" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of substances or objects made of those substances, such that objects having this attribute somewhat resist being bent. Hardness has degrees, and this attribute is less 'hard' than the subtype 'Hard' or the subtype 'Stiff' (which see), but use of this attribute should be disjoint with 'Soft'. This attribute may be applied to objects such as a mattress that has some degree of softness in parts, but overall resists bending. Also, the softer shells of some seeds would have this attribute, though nut shells would be considered as 'Hard'. Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'firm' in WordNet: 2. (6) firm, solid - (not soft or yielding to pressure; 'a firm mattress'; 'the snow was firm underfoot'; 'solid ground') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solid . :Firm-Decisive :ldoce "firm" ; :wnsense "firm4adj" ; :wordnet "firm" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of decisions, offers, beliefs, commitments, promises, etc. meaning 'Not likely to change.' Contrasts with 'tentative', 'subject to change'. Includes adjective sense 3 of 'firm' in RW: 4. not likely to change; fixed; settled; unalterable: a firm belief. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'firm' in LDOCE: 3 not likely to change firm conviction/commitment/belief etc 'Our client hasn't reached a firm decision on the matter yet.' Blackpool remains a firm favourite with holiday makers from Northern Ireland.' 'Corey was always a firm believer in prayer.' 'They made a firm offer (=offered to pay a particular amount) on the house over the weekend.' 'Diana and Laura have been firm friends (=close friends) since their early teens.' Corresponds to Adjective sense 4 of 'firm' in WordNet: 4. (4) firm - (not subject to revision or change; 'a firm contract'; 'a firm offer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Firmly-Decisively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Firm-Decisive ; :wnsense "decisively1adv", "decisively2adv", "firmly1adv", "resolutely1adv", "resolutely2adv", "steadfastly1adv", "unwaveringly1adv" ; :wordnet "decisively", "firmly", "resolutely", "steadfastly", "unwaveringly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Firmly-Decisively'' is an AdverbialModifier, that modifies an Event in which an Agent behaves in a ''Firm-Decisive'' manner. ncludes adverb sense 1 of 'firmly' and senses 1 and 2 of 'decisively' in WordNet: 1. (11) firm, firmly, steadfastly, unwaveringly - (with resolute determination; 'we firmly believed it'; 'you must stand firm') WN adv 'decisively': 1. (2) decisively, resolutely - (with firmness; 'I will come along,' she said decisively') 2. decisively - (with finality; conclusively; 'the voted settled the argument decisively') WN adv 'resolutely': 1. (2) resolutely - (showing firm determination or purpose; 'she resolutely refused to look at him or speak to him'; 'he entered the building resolutely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :First :hasNumericalAbbreviation "1st" ; :hasOrderNumber "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "first" ; :wnsense "first2n", "number 11n", "number one3n" ; :wordnet "first", "number 1", "number one" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The first element in a series. See ''Initial'' for the adjective characterizing an event that occurred at the beginning of series of Events. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'first' in WordNet: 2. (5) first, number one, number 1 - (the first element in a countable series; 'the first of the month') """ . :First-Aider :en "first aid" ; :enn "first aid" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''First-Aider''is a ''FirstResponder'' who gives a Person ''FirstAid'' in an emergency. This includes people with any level of training in ''FirstAid''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FirstResponder, :Helper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FirstAid ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :First-Time :en "first-time" ; :enadj "first-time" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No WN sense for this adjective. RHW adj 'first-time': used, appearing, contending, etc., for the first time: a first-time candidate. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Initial . :FirstAid :wnsense "first aid1n" ; :wordnet "first aid" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'first aid' in WordNet: 1. (1) first aid - (emergency care given before regular medical aid can be obtained) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmergencyMedicalTreatment, :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HealthEmergency ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :First-Aider ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :FirstCause :wnsense "first cause1n" ; :wordnet "first cause" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FirstCause' is a philosophical term included here because of its location in WordNet. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'first cause' in WordNet: 1. first cause, prime mover, primum mobile - (an agent that is the cause of all things but does not itself have a cause; 'God is the first cause') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cause . :FirstDegree :wnsense "additive2adj", "linear1adj" ; :wordnet "additive", "linear" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FirstDegree'' is an attribute value of mathematical equations or operations that do not have variables power greater than one. Contrasting with quadratic, ternary, etc. RHW: 7. Math. a. consisting of, involving, or describable by terms of the first degree. b. having the same effect on a sum as on each of the summands: a linear operation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'linear' in Wordnet: 1. (7) linear, additive - (designating or involving an equation whose terms are of the first degree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FirstGrade :en "first grade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FirstGrade'' is the ''EducationalRank'' for children who are in attendance at the first year of 'primary school'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalRank . :FirstHand :en "first-hand" ; :enadv "first-hand" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Firsthand ; :wnsense "firsthand1adv" ; :wordnet "firsthand" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FirstHand'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an assertion about gaining Information or having an experience to assert that the action was performed in a ''Firsthand'' mannner, directly without relying on the reports of others. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'firsthand' in Wordnet: 1. firsthand - (at first hand or directly; 'I heard this story firsthand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :FirstNameString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FirstNameString is a name that is spoken or written first when identifying a person in his/her own culture - it may be a given name or family name, depending on the culture. In forms 'first name' often means 'GivenNameString'."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :NameString . :FirstOfTwo :contrastsWith :Latter ; :en "first" ; :wnsense "former1adj", "former1n" ; :wordnet "former" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FunctionalAttribute ''FirstOfTwo'', refers to the first thing (of two) that was mentioned in some sentence or paragraph, used in the next part of that sentence or paragraph. This contrasts with ''Latter'', referring to the second of those two things mentioned. In language the term used to refer to this ''FirstofTwo'' is 'former'. That term is also used elsewhere for a different concept. (''Former''). The term ''First'' is used as an OrdinalNumber. Includes noun sense 1 of 'former' in WordNet: 1. former - (the first of two or the first mentioned of two; 'Tom and Dick were both heroes but only the former is remembered today') WN adjective 'former': 1. (21) former - (referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several); 'the novel was made into a film in 1943 and again in 1967; I prefer the former version to the latter one') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :FirstOfaSeries :contrastsWith :Intermediate, :Last ; :wnsense "1st1adj", "first1adj" ; :wordnet "1st", "first" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FunctionalAttribute ''FirstOfaSeries'', refers to the first item in a list or in some ranking of priority. The term ''First'' is used as an instance of ''OrdinalNumber'' - not a QualitativeAttribute. These are essentially identical in meaning, but are used in different logical structures. The terms ''FirstOfaSeries'', ''Intermediate'' and ''Last'' are used to refer to places in a series that do not have ordinal numbers (except for ''FirstOfaSeries'' being essentially identical to ''First'' but logically distinct and used with different relations). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'first' in WordNet: 2. (62) first, 1st - (indicating the beginning unit in a series) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :FirstPlace :en "first place" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The winner comes in in ''FirstPlace''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContestRank . :FirstResponder :en "first responder" ; :enn "first responder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''FirstResponder'' is a Person who is among the first to respond to some ''Emergency'', and is used mostly for those who perform emergency response as part of their jobs,such as ''PoliceOfficer-Municipal''s and ''\"Firefighter''s. \"EmergencyWorker\" NOTE: 'first responder' is a commonly used term but is not included in WN or RHW. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmergencyWorker, :Responder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RespondingToAnEmergency ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :FirstResponseTo911Attack :wasPerformedByAgent :The911FirstResponders ; :wasaResponseToEvent :WorldTradeCenterAttack20010911 ; a :Responding ; rdfs:comment "An example of responding to an attack.." . :FirstStep :wnsense "first step1n", "initiative1n", "opening move1n", "opening13n" ; :wordnet "first step", "initiative", "opening", "opening move" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FirstStep' is the first individual ''Action'' in a . ''ProcessiveAction'', which is a Series of Actions that are related steps executing a ''ProblemSolvingProcedure'' and having some common end Goal. This step is often performed by a ''SelfStarter'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'initiative' in WordNet: 2. (4) first step, initiative, opening move, opening - (the first of a series of actions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheFirstElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProcessiveAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ; owl:someValuesFrom :SelfStarter ] . :FirstStrike :guid "beeb8fcd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "first strike1n" ; :wordnet "first strike" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being the first to drop nuclear weapons on an enemy in some conflict.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'first strike' in WordNet: 1. first strike - (the initial use of nuclear weapons to attack a country that also has nuclear weapons; considered feasible only when the attacker can destroy the other country's ability to retaliate; 'the Pakistani president promised no first strike against India') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bombing, :WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NuclearWeapon ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :FirstThing :en "first thing" ; :enn "first thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''FirstThing'' is the first of an ''OrderedPairOfThings'' and differs from the ''SecondThing'' in that specific ''OrderedPairOfThings''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrderedPairOfThings ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :FirstTournamentRound :en "first round", "first tournament round", "first-round" ; :enn "first round", "first tournament round", "first-round" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FirstTournamentRound'' is a ''TournamentRound'' that is the first ''TournamentRound'' of an ''EliminationTournament'', usually in which all of the competitors play.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TournamentRound . :Firsthand :en "first-hand" ; :enadj "first-hand" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Experience, :Knowledge, :Message, :Report ; :isTheOppositeOf :Secondhand ; :pertainsTo :HumanActivity, :Report ; :wnsense "firsthand1adj" ; :wordnet "firsthand" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'firsthand' in Wordnet: 1. (2) firsthand - (received directly from a source; 'firsthand information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Direct, :InPerson . :Firstly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :FirstOfaSeries ; :wnsense "first of all1adv", "first off1adv", "first1adv", "firstly1adv", "foremost2adv" ; :wordnet "first", "first of all", "first off", "firstly", "foremost" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Firstly'' is an AdverbialModifier used to introduce a phrase that is the first of a series. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'firstly' in WordNet: 1. first, firstly, foremost, first of all, first off - (before anything else; 'first we must consider the garter snake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Fish :guid "bd58df53-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fish" ; :wnsense "fish1n" ; :wordnet "fish" ; a :BeastType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a specialization of #$Vertebrate. Each instance of #$Fish is a cold-blooded animal (see the collection #$Poikilotherm) with gills and fins. Each instance of #$Fish spends all or almost all of its life under water. Note that the collection #$Fish excludes fish-shaped examples of #$Mammal, such as porpoises and whales. Specializations of #$Fish include the collections #$Salmon, #$Catfish, and #$Tuna. SUMO: A cold-blooded aquatic Vertebrate characterized by fins and breathing by gills. Included here are Fish having either a bony skeleton, such as a perch, or a cartilaginous skeleton, such as a shark. Also included are those Fish lacking a jaw, such as a lamprey or hagfish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fish' in WordNet: 1. (14) fish - - (any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills; 'the shark is a large fish'; 'in the living room there was a tank of colorful fish') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AquaticOrganism, :ColdBloodedVertebrate, :NonHumanAnimal . :Fish-TheFood :wnsense "fish2n" ; :wordnet "fish" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :SoupComponentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fish-TheFood' is the flesh of fish, eaten as Food. NOTE that one meaning of 'meat' that distinguishes it from fish is not a sense in either RHW or WordNet: 'you can't eat meat on Fridays'. In COSMO 'Fish-TheFood' is not a subtype of 'Meat' and therefore preserves this common variant meaning. Note that this distinction is also used in one of the WordNet examples 'fish instead of meat'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fish' in WordNet: 2. (3) fish - - (the flesh of fish used as food; 'in Japan most fish is eaten raw'; 'after the scare about foot-and-mouth disease a lot of people started eating fish instead of meat'; 'they have a chef who specializes in fish') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fish ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :FishCatch :en "catch of fish", "fish catch" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FishCatch'' is a ''Catch'' consisting of some number of ''Fish'' caught ('acquired') in a ''Fishing'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :Catch, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fishing ; owl:onProperty :wasAcquiredInEvent ] . :FishEgg :en "fish egg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Egg produced by a fish,often produced in large numbers and fertilized outside the fish's body. usually referred to in the plural as ''Roe''. The eggs of some fish are eaten as food: see ''Caviar''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Egg, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fish ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roe ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :FishFilet :wnsense "filet2n", "fillet2n", "fish filet1n", "fish fillet1n" ; :wordnet "filet", "fillet", "fish filet", "fish fillet" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fish filet' in WordNet: 1. fillet, filet, fish fillet, fish filet - (a longitudinal slice or boned side of a fish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SliceOfSomething, :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fish-TheFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :FishFood :guid "bdbb2b7e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PetFood . :FishHook :en "fish-hook" ; :wnsense "fishhook1n" ; :wordnet "fishhook" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sort of hook which is used on the end of a fishing line to catch fish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishhook' in Wordnet: 1. fishhook - (a sharp barbed hook for catching fish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hook, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fishing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishingLine ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :FishType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """FishType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for a ''Fish'' in its aspect as an animal""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeastType, :SpawnerType . :Fisher a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fisher'' is a Person (of any sex) who performs the activity of ''Fishing'', whether once or habitually, and whether for sport of as an occupation. The professional ''Fisher'' is represented as the subtype ''Fisherman''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fishing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Fisherman :guid "c10afda5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fisherman" ; :wnsense "fisherman1n" ; :wordnet "fisherman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is an occupation, therefore does not apply to one who fishes for pleasure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fisherman' in WordNet: 1. (6) fisherman, fisher - (someone whose occupation is catching fish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fishing ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Fishery :wnsense "fishery1n", "piscary1n" ; :wordnet "fishery", "piscary" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fishery'' is some location consisting mostly of a ''BodyOfWater'', where fish grow and are caught to be sold commerically. This is RHW sense 2 of 'fishery' - sense 1 is not yet represented. 1. a place where fish are bred; fish hatchery. 2. a place where fish or shellfish are caught. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishery' in WordNet: 1. fishery, piscary - (a workplace where fish are caught and processed and sold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Workplace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fishing ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :Fishing :guid "bd589a70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fish" ; :wnsense "fish2v", "fishing1n" ; :wordnet "fish", "fishing" ; a :MotionType, :SearchingType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The activity of trying to catch fish that are not already captive in some container. This is for the human activity only. It is considereed as a subtype of 'pursuing' because it is necessary to at least proceed to the location where the fish may be, even if the activity itself involves merely dropping a line and sitting down for hours to wait for a bite. The activity of non-human animals who try to catch fish is a subtype of 'Hunting'. Both 'Hunting' and 'Fishing' are subtypes of 'Pursuing'. This is the logical representation of a *successful* Fishing action. This includes both sport fishing and commercial fishing. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fish' and sense 1 of 'fishing' in WordNet: WN 'fish' 2. (1) fish - (catch or try to catch fish or shellfish; 'I like to go fishing on weekends') WN 'fishing': 1. (5) fishing, sportfishing - (the act of someone who fishes as a diversion) 2. fishing - (the occupation of catching fish for a living) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :CapturingAnAnimal, :HumanActivity, :OutdoorActivity, :Pursuing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fish ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fish ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishCatch ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ] . :FishingBoat :wnsense "fishing boat1n", "fishing smack1n", "fishing vessel1n" ; :wordnet "fishing boat", "fishing smack", "fishing vessel" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FishingBoat'' is a ''Boat'' used for ''Fishing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishing boat' in WordNet: 1. (3) fishing boat, fishing smack, fishing vessel - (a vessel for fishing; often has a well to keep the catch alive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fishing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :FishingLine :en "fish-line" ; :guid "c0fd50ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fishing line1n" ; :wordnet "fishing line" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A very thin piece of plastic (or thread or metal?) filament used to hold a hook when fishing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishing line' in Wordnet: 1. fishing line - (a length of cord to which the leader and float and sinker and hook are attached) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cord, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishHook ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishingPole ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fishing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :FishingLineAndHook :en "fishing line and hook" ; :enn "fishing line and hook" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FishingLineAndHook'' is a ''ConnectedPair'' consisting of a ''FishingLine'' and a ''FishHook'' in which the FishHook is connected to the end of the ''FishingLine'' so as to be suitable for ''Angling''. NOTE: to represent the notion that the two Objects in the pair are connected, for each subtype of this type the two objects should be represented as instances of the classes ''ConnectedFishingLine'' and ''ConnectedFishHook''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConnectedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConnectedFishingLine ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConnectedFishHook ] . :FishingNet :guid "c0fb9fbd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fishing net1n", "fishnet1n" ; :wordnet "fishing net", "fishnet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a net whose primary function is to catch fish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishing net' in WordNet: 1. fishnet, fishing net - (a net that will enclose fish when it is pulled in) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NetTrap, :TrapDevice . :FishingPole :en "fish-pole" ; :wnsense "fishing pole1n" ; :wordnet "fishing pole" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fishing pole' in Wordnet: 1. fishing rod, fishing pole - (a rod of wood or steel or fiberglass that is used in fishing to extend the fishing line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishHook ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishingLine ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fishing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Fishy :wnsense "fishy2adj", "funny3adj", "shady3adj", "suspect1adj", "suspicious2adj" ; :wordnet "fishy", "funny", "shady", "suspect", "suspicious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fishy'' is a property of situations that are strange and appear to have some hidden character that causes the strangeness, leading to suspicion that a Person is tring to hide something. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'fishy' in WordNet: 2. fishy, funny, shady, suspect, suspicious - (not as expected; 'there was something fishy about the accident'; 'up to some funny business'; 'some definitely queer goings-on'; 'a shady deal'; 'her motives were suspect'; 'suspicious behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strange . :FissionWeapon :guid "bd58a098-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subset of #$MilitaryWeapons that result in a #$NuclearFission-Uncontrolled event when they detonate.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NuclearWeapon . :Fist :wnsense "fist1n" ; :wordnet "fist" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fist'' is a ''Hand'' whose fingers have been curled. inward to make a more solid object, expecially for hitting or signalling some feelings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fist' in WordNet: 1. (20) fist, clenched fist - (a hand with the fingers clenched in the palm (as for hitting)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hand . :Fit :en "conniption fit" ; :ldoce "fit" ; :wnsense "conniption1n", "fit1n", "scene7n", "tantrum1n" ; :wordnet "conniption", "fit", "scene", "tantrum" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Fit' is a Behavior of an individual person that exhibits Anger by more than just the content of verbal expressions; the manner of verbalization, such as shouting, may qualify a behavior as a 'Fit', though some temporary loss of self-control. is also implied by use of this type. Q: Is a 'hissy fit' more dramatic than an ordinary 'fit'? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'fit' and sense 1 of 'tantrum' in WordNet: 1. (3) fit, tantrum, scene, conniption - (a display of bad temper; 'he had a fit'; 'she threw a tantrum'; 'he made a scene') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExhibitingEmotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anger ; owl:onProperty :exhibitsEmotion ] . :FitForaPurpose :wnsense "fit1adj" ; :wordnet "fit" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FitnessForaPurpose'' is a subtype of ''Suitableness'' with a lot of conceptual overlap the the parent 'Suitableness'. . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fit' in WordNet: 1. (4) fit - (meeting adequate standards for a purpose; 'a fit subject for discussion'; 'it is fit and proper that you be there'; 'water fit to drink'; 'fit for duty'; 'do as you see fit to') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suitable . :FitPerson :en "fit person", "physically fit person" ; :enn "physically fit person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person who is ''PhysicallyFit'' not ''Disabled''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicallyFit ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :HandicappedPerson . :FitnessForaPurpose :takesValue :FitForaPurpose ; :wnsense "fitness1n", "fittingness1n" ; :wordnet "fitness", "fittingness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FitnessForaPurpose'' is a subtype of ''Suitableness'' with a lot of conceptual overlap the the parent 'Suitableness'. . Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'fitness' in WordNet, *but* this is a 'trait' with more than one value rather than a 'condition'; this means that there are degrees of fitness, not just one value: in WordNet: 1. (3) fitness, fittingness - (the condition of being suitable; 'they had to prove their fitness for the position') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suitableness . :Fitting :wnsense "fit2v" ; :wordnet "fit" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fitting' is a PersistentState of some PhysicalObject during which the *subject PhysicalObject 'fits' in some sense - as small enough to fit into (see ''fitsInsideOf'') or has the proper shape to connect effectively to another object. Clothing of properly chosen size (or bespoke) will 'fit' its wearer. 'If the shoe fits, wear it' 'If it fits, it ships' (USPS slogan) See attribute ''Suitable'' for related concepts. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fit' in WordNet: 2. (11) fit, go - (be the right size or shape; fit correctly or as desired; 'This piece won't fit into the puzzle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState . :FittingClothing :wnsense "fit4v" ; :wordnet "fit" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FittingClothing'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' in which some Garment is shaped to fit a particular Person. This can be done by a ''Tailor'', For the Action of a Person 'trying on' a Garment in a store, use ''TryingOnaGarment'' As the sign in the Japanese department store put it: 'ladies may go upstairs to have a fit' Corresponds to part of verb sense 4 of 'fit' in WordNet: 4. (7) fit - (make fit; 'fit a dress'; 'He fitted other pieces of paper to his cut-out') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FittingSomething, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Garment :ClothingType ) ] ] . :FittingSomething :wnsense "fit4v" ; :wordnet "fit" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FittingSomething'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' in which some PhysicalObject is shaped to fit together with another PhysicalObject. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'fit' in WordNet: 4. (7) fit - (make fit; 'fit a dress'; 'He fitted other pieces of paper to his cut-out') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObjectType ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Five-Year-Old :en "five-year-old" ; :enadj "five-year-old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Five-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are five years old, i.e. were created or born five years in the past. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FiveCentsUS :hasQuantifier :N_5 ; :hasUnit :centsUS ; a :MoneyMeasure . :FiveDollarBill :wnsense "five dollar bill1n", "five-spot1n", "fiver1n" ; :wordnet "five dollar bill", "five-spot", "fiver" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OneDollarBill' is a CurrencyBill that has a value of five US dollars. Other currency five-dollar notes will have a different label.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'five dollar bill' in WordNet: 1. fiver, five-spot, five dollar bill - (a United States bill worth 5 dollars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurrencyBill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FiveDollars ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :FiveDollars :hasQuantifier :N_5 ; :hasUnit :dollars ; a :MoneyMeasure . :FiveMinutes :hasQuantifier :N_5 ; :hasUnit :minutes ; a :TimeDuration . :FivePerCent :hasQuantifier :N_5 ; :hasUnit :percent ; a :MoneyMeasure . :FiveThousandDollars :hasQuantifier :N_5000 ; :hasUnit :dollars ; a :MoneyMeasure . :FiveYear :en "five-year" ; :enadj "five-year" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :FiveYears ; :pertainsTo :FiveYears ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FiveYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for five years, or plans that specify Events over the course of five years. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :FiveYearOldChild :en "five year old", "five-year-old" ; :enn "five year old", "five-year-old" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FiveYears ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :FiveYearPlan :en "Five Year Plan" ; :enn "Five Year Plan" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FiveYearPlan'' is a ''Plan'' for Actions that includes Actions for five years. RHW 'Five Year Plan': any plan for national economic or industrial development specifying goals to be reached within a period of five years, esp. as undertaken by the Soviet Union and China. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NextFiveYears ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :FiveYears :en "five years" ; :enn "five years" ; :hasQuantifier :N_5 ; :hasUnit :years ; :relatedInternalConcept :Year ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 5 years. """ . :Fixed :isTheOppositeOf :Variable ; :wnsense "fixed1adj", "fixed4adj" ; :wordnet "fixed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fixed'' is a subtype of 'Constant' characterizing quantities that cannot be changed. in WordNet: WN adj 'fixed': 1. (17) fixed - ((of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value) 4. (2) fixed, frozen - (incapable of being changed or moved or undone; e.g. 'frozen prices'; 'living on fixed incomes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constant . :FixedHoliday a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """FixedHoliday is the class of HolidayTimes whose observance is fixed to recurrences of the calendar day that the holiday commemorates.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HolidayTime . :FixedStructure :guid "bd58c647-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: As an Artifact, the classification of 'FixedStructure' depends on what function it was intended to serve, and for this category a FixedStructure is built with the intention that it will perform its functions while fastened (at least by gravity) to some specific location on or near the surface of an astronomical body, in almost all cases of course, that will be the surface of the Earth. A marginal Type which is not a fixed structure is a MobileHome, i,e, a living unit on wheels. A MobileHome may stop and be connected to services at a trailer park, but unless taken off the wheels and connected to a foundation will still not be a FixedStructure. However, a modular home, which is movable but designed to be transported to a location and placed on a foundation, to be used there, will be a FixedStructure. Buildings that were built with the intention of staying in one location may at some time be moved to a different location by building movers (while retaining their identity), and they will still be FixedStructures, even after having been moved. The immobility of a FixedStructure is not an absolute requirement, but a probability statement. The intuition that is captured by this category is the logical assertion that, if a FixedStructure is in some geographical location at time T, it will, with greater than 99% probability, be in the same location at time T plus one month (the exact probabilities will vary with the actual subcategory, and will be discovered over time by experience.). Cyc: #$FixedStructure is a specialization of #$ConstructionArtifact. Each instance of #$FixedStructure is a human-constructed, freestanding object that exists in a fixed location. Examples include buildings, pyramids, the Great Wall of China, dams, bridges, elevated roadways, and canals. Such structures may have parts which are also instances of #$FixedStructure (e.g. bridge pilings) and parts which are not freestanding (e.g. the span of a bridge, or a room in a building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :GeographicalThing . :FixedWingAircraft :guid "c0775fda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AirTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$FixedWingAircraft is an air transportation device that has a fixed wing structure as its primary source of lift. Notable specializations of #$FixedWingAircraft include #$Airplane and #$Glider. NOTE that some aircract such as VSTOL craft, which may have wings or motors that rotate to the vertical during takeoff and landing, are also categorized as 'FixedWingAircraft' because the defining characteristic is that the aircraft must derive most of its lift during flight from the passage of air driven by the forward movement, over some airfoil on the craft.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aircraft, :HexalateralObject ; owl:disjointWith :RotaryWingAircraft . :Fixture :wnsense "fixture1n" ; :wordnet "fixture" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any 'HumanOccupationConstructObject' that is designed to be attached to the structure by some fastening mechanism that permits removal and replacement. This does not include appliances such as a refrigerator that only need to be plugged in to an electrical outlet, but does include appliances that need connections to a water or gas supply, such as a stove, oil burner, gas water heater. A refrigerator that has a water feed line for an ice-maker is a borderline case of an applicance that *is* a Fixture. Therefore refrigerators generally may or may not be 'Fixtures' depending on their type. Other examples are light fixtures attached to a wall or ceiling, bookshelves attached to the wall, sinks and toilet fixtures Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fixture' in WordNet: 1. (1) fixture - (a object firmly fixed in place (especially in a household)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HouseholdAttachment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BuiltIn ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fjord :guid "bd588661-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fiord1n", "fjord1n" ; :wordnet "fiord", "fjord" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fjord'' is an ''Inlet'' adjacent to some ''Sea'' that is long and narrow, typically between two mountain or hill formations. Associated with Norway,which has some beautiful and famous examples. A coastal inlet characterized by sheer parallel walls often extending far below the water surface and by many branches. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fjord' in WordNet: 1. fjord, fiord - (a long narrow inlet of the sea between steep cliffs; common in Norway) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inlet, :LongAndThinThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sea ] . :FlabbergastingSomeone :eng "flabbergasting" ; :wnsense "boggle3v", "bowl over2v", "flabbergast1v" ; :wordnet "boggle", "bowl over", "flabbergast" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlabbergastingSomeone'' is a ''SurprisingSomeone'' Event that amazes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flabbergast' in WordNet: 1. flabbergast, boggle, bowl over - (overcome with amazement; 'This boggles the mind!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurprisingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amazement ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :Flag :en "banner" ; :guid "bd5890ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "flag" ; :wnsense "flag1n" ; :wordnet "flag" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An Icon made of Fabric that refers to a particular ''GeopoliticalRegion'' or Organization. NOTE: flag symbols that are affixed on a surface, rather than a free cloth sheet, are not included in this sense. @ToDo: how to classify them? As symbols, representing a Flag? WN does not have a a sense of 'banner' with this meaning, as does RHW: 1. the flag of a country, army, troop, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flag' in WordNet: 1. (26) flag - (emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FabricObject, :Insignia, :SheetArtifact, :Surface-Open . :Flagellate :guid "bd58a458-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flagellate protozoan1n", "flagellate1n", "flagellated protozoan1n", "mastigophoran1n", "mastigophore1n" ; :wordnet "flagellate", "flagellate protozoan", "flagellated protozoan", "mastigophoran", "mastigophore" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flagellate' in WordNet: 1. flagellate, flagellate protozoan, flagellated protozoan, mastigophoran, mastigophore - (a usually nonphotosynthetic free-living protozoan with whiplike appendages; some are pathogens of humans and other animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ciliate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flagellum ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Flagellum :wnsense "flagellum2n" ; :wordnet "flagellum" ; a :OrganismPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Flagellum'' is a (relatively) long, narrow, flexible ''Appendage'' on a Protozoan that can be moved to Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flagellum' in WordNet: 2. flagellum - (a lash-like appendage used for locomotion (e.g., in sperm cells and some bacteria and protozoa)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage, :Cilium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LocomotionEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flagellate ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Flagpole :guid "c0fd5b1a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flagpole2n", "flagstaff2n" ; :wordnet "flagpole", "flagstaff" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Flagpole'' is a ''Pole'' (a type of ''Rod'') that is fastened into the ground and oriented vertically and is used to support and display a ''Flag''. This is for a ''Flagpole'' in place, not one that has not yet been installed. The Flagpole directly supports a ''Halyard'' (a rope) that then supports the Flag itself, and also allows the ''Flag'' to be raised and lowered conveniently from the ''Ground''. CYC: A device which is used to fly a flag from, often with a loop at the top which is used to help pull the flag to the top. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flagpole' in WordNet: 2. flagpole, flagstaff - (a tall staff or pole on which a flag is raised) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pole, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flag ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Halyard ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Halyard ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :Flagship :wnsense "flagship2n" ; :wordnet "flagship" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Flagship'' is a naval ''Ship'' on which the commander of a fleet is usually located when the ship is at sea. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flagship' in WordNet: 2. flagship - (the ship that carries the commander of a fleet and flies his flag) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModernNavalShip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheShipsOfTheFleet ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Flame :ldoce "flame" ; :wnsense "fire2n", "flame1n", "flaming1sn" ; :wordnet "fire", "flame", "flaming" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Flame' is treated as an Event, specifically as a ChemicalReaction. To treat a Flame as a physical object - (glowing gaseous material) would be problematic, because unlike most physical opbjects, a Flame is changing rapidly, so the identity would be a problem - except possibly for some relatively stable flames like that of a candle or an oil burner. Nevertheless some weather phenomena such as a Tornado is treated in COSMO as having both 'Object' and 'Event' meanings. @ToDo:perhaps we should include a 'Flame' object? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flame' in WordNet: 1. (15) fire, flame, flaming - (the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke; 'fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combustion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlameObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :FlameFlickering :wnsense "flicker1v", "flicker2v", "gutter1v", "quiver2v", "waver5v" ; :wordnet "flicker", "gutter", "quiver", "waver" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Flickering' is an Action in which a small flame with its source fixed in place like that on a candle or pilot light moves back and forth more or less rapdly, usually due to some air current. Includes parts of verb senses 1 and 2 of 'flicker' in WordNet: 1. (3) flicker, waver, flitter, flutter, quiver - (move back and forth very rapidly; 'the candle flickered') 2. flicker, flick - (shine unsteadily; 'The candle flickered') WN verb 'gutter': 1. gutter - (burn unsteadily, feebly, or low; flicker; 'The cooling lava continued to gutter toward lower ground') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fluttering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CandleFlameObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :FlameObject :en "flame" ; :enn "flame" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlameObject'' is the ''DynamicObject'' produced by a 'Flame'. This is treated as a PhysicalObject, even though it is constantly changing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousTangibleThing, :DynamicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flame ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Flamethrower :guid "36848248-e3c7-41d7-8908-ece3d7ce582f" ; :wnsense "flamethrower1n" ; :wordnet "flamethrower" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Spraying'' in the restriction should be made more specific. Need type 'SprayingFlammableLiquid'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flamethrower' in WordNet: 1. flamethrower - (a weapon that squirts ignited fuel for several yards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spraying ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SettingSomethingOnFire ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Flaming :wnsense "bally1adj", "blinking1adj", "bloody2adj", "blooming1adj", "crashing1adj", "flaming3adj", "fucking1adj" ; :wordnet "bally", "blinking", "bloody", "blooming", "crashing", "flaming", "fucking" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flaming'' is one of a group of non-literal intensifiers used to characterize people or situations that are 'very bad' in some respect.. For a more intense set of similar attributes see ''Goddamned''. Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'flaming' in WordNet: 3. bally, blinking, bloody, blooming, crashing, flaming, fucking - ((used of persons) informal intensifiers; 'what a bally (or blinking) nuisance'; 'a bloody fool'; 'a crashing bore'; 'you flaming idiot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Flamingo :guid "bd588e38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flamingo1n" ; :wordnet "flamingo" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flamingo' in WordNet: 1. flamingo - (large pink to scarlet web-footed wading bird with down-bent bill; inhabits brackish lakes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WadingBird . :Flammability :guid "bd58ff84-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flammability1n", "inflammability1n" ; :wordnet "flammability", "inflammability" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of attributes; a subcollection of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Flammability represents a specific readiness with which some tangible substance burns. Different degrees of #$Flammability are represented using #$GenericValueFunctions. Flammability of an object is indicated with the predicate #$flammabilityOfObject. The state of being more easily ignited than just being 'Combustible' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flammability' in WordNet: 1. flammability, inflammability - (the quality of being easily ignited and burning rapidly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combustibility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flammable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Flammable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Flammability ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Combustion ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Combustion ; :isTheOppositeOf :Noncombustible ; :wnsense "flammable1adj", "inflammable1adj" ; :wordnet "flammable", "inflammable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'To be ''Flammable'' is to be more easily ignited than the average 'Combustible'' object os substance. usually used for liquids and gases. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flammable' in WordNet: 1. flammable, inflammable - (easily ignited) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combustible . :FlankOfAnAnimal :wnsense "flank1n" ; :wordnet "flank" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''FlankOfAnAnimal'' is a BodyPart of a Vertebrate located at each side of the lower torso between the hips and the ''RibCage''. 'flank steak' is taken from a ''Flank'' of a Bovine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flank' in WordNet: 4. flank - (the side between ribs and hipbone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPart, :SideOfaBilateralObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lateral ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HipAndRibCage ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :FlankingSomething :wnsense "flank1v" ; :wordnet "flank" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlankingSomething'' is a type of 'Presence' in which the location of the ''ThingPresent'' is adjacent to the ''SideOfaBilateralObject''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flank' in WordNet: 1. (5) flank - (be located at the sides of something or somebody) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Presence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SideOfaBilateralObject ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Flap :wnsense "flap1n" ; :wordnet "flap" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any FlexibleObject that is an ''ArtifactObject'' attached to the end of a larger PhysicalObject in such a way that the ''Flap'' may be rotated or flexed in smoe way around the attachment point. This is a broad category that includes the fabric flaps at the bottom of a piece of furniture, the cuff of a shirt, coat, or ''PantLeg'' ior as a limiting case the 'flaps' on the ends of airplane wings (which are not themselves flexible, but are flexibly attached to the airplane). It does not have to be at the end of the attached large object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flap' in Wordnet: 1. (3) flap - (any broad thin and limber covering attached at one edge; hangs loose or projects freely; 'he wrote on the flap of the envelope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Attachment, :FlexibleObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToSemiRigidly ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :Flare :guid "bd58a603-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flare9n" ; :wordnet "flare" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Flare-PyrotechnicDevice': A specialization of #$PyrotechnicDevice. Each instance of #$Flare-PyrotechnicDevice is a device that produces a bright light for signaling, illumination, or identification. NOTE: this includes the hand-held flares used as a warning device on a highway, as well as the aerial flares shot from a flare pistol or sent into the air on a skyrocket, as well as flares used for illuminating the ground, as during might military operations. These are not ''ExplosiveDevice''s. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'flare' in WordNet: 9. flare - (a device that produces a bright light for warning or illumination or identification) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightEmittingObject, :PyrotechnicDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrightIlluminatingLight ; owl:onProperty :emits ] ; owl:disjointWith :ExplosiveDevice . :FlashOfLight :ldoce "flash" ; :wnsense "flare3n", "flash1n", "flash2n", "flash7n" ; :wordnet "flare", "flash" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FlashOfLight is a 'LightPropagationEvent' that is brief, lasting less than ten seconds. Most things called 'flash' are briefer. 1913 Webster noun sense 1 of 'flash' A sudden burst of light; a flood of light instantaneously appearing and disappearing; a momentary blaze; as, 'a flash of lightning. NOTE: sense 7 should probably be a subtype - but not very detailed. This includes noun senses 1, 2, and 7 of 'flash' in WordNet: 1. (7) flash - (a sudden intense burst of radiant energy) 2. (6) flash - (a momentary brightness) 7. flare, flash - (a burst of light used to communicate or illuminate) (gleam or glow intermittently; 'The lights were flashing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightPropagationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FlashPoint :takesValue :TemperatureMeasure ; :wnsense "flash point2n", "flashpoint2n" ; :wordnet "flash point", "flashpoint" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''FlashPoint'' is the 'Temperature' at which a combustible liquid will ignite and burn in the air. This is an AttributeType (like length or width) that can be asserted of a PhysicalSubstance, and takes a value that is an AttributeValue. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flash point' in WordNet: 2. flash point, flashpoint - (the lowest temperature at which the vapor of a combustible liquid can be ignited in air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Temperature . :Flashback :wnsense "flashback2n" ; :wordnet "flashback" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Flashback'' is a ''Remembering'' of an experience by a Person that is so vivid it feels like going through that experience again. This can have various causes,such as an intense traumatic experience (e.g. in war), or taking hallucinogenic drugs. The RHW sense is from psychiatric discussions. RHW 'flashback': 3.b. recurrent and abnormally vivid recollection of a traumatic experience, as a battle, sometimes accompanied by hallucinations. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flashback' in WordNet: 2. flashback - (an unexpected but vivid recurrence of a past experience (especially a recurrence of the effects of an hallucinogenic drug taken much earlier)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recurrence, :Remembering . :Flashing :wnsense "flash3n", "flashing1n" ; :wordnet "flash", "flashing" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flashing' in WordNet: 1. (1) flash, flashing - (a short vivid experience; 'a flash of emotion swept over him'; 'the flashings of pain were a warning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Experience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vivid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Flashlight :guid "bd58dcd6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flashlight1n", "torch3n" ; :wordnet "flashlight", "torch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small portable electric lamp powered by batteries. The light is usually emitted from a small enclosed ''LightEmittingDiode'' or ''LightBulbIncandescent''. 'torch' is British usage for this type of device. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flashlight' in Wordnet: 1. (4) flashlight, torch - (a small portable battery-powered electric lamp) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BatteryPoweredDevice, :ElectricalLightingDevice, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalLightingDevice ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :Flask :wnsense "flask1n" ; :wordnet "flask" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Most 'bottles' have narrow necks, so it is unclear why this is explicit - presumably just to rule out wide-neked bottle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flask' in WordNet: 1. (9) flask - (bottle that has a narrow neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bottle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NarrowBottleNeck ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Flat :guid "209bf3e4-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "flat", "plane" ; :wnsense "flat1adj", "plane1adj" ; :wordnet "flat", "plane" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc, the class 'Flat' has physical objects in it that are flat. For COSMO, this is defined as an AttributeValue, which can be of an AbstractObject (e.g. a geometric 'plane'). NOTE that an Object can have some surface roughness and still be 'Flat', such as a flat roof with gravel on it. This AttributeValue needs to be interpreted with respect to the scale of the object being described. Thus this is not the same as 'smooth'. NOTE that the Flat thing need not be solid - the surface of a liquid is often also 'Flat'. Cyc comment: A flat surface is flat overall. It may have texture or may have relatively small subregions which are concave, convex, have holes all the way through etc.. Need not be horizontal. See #$SheetShaped for 'two-sided' or 'flat' objects such as boards, uncrumpled sheets of paper, or Compact Discs. Corresponds mostly to adjective sense 1 of 'flat' and adjective sense 1 of 'plane' in WordNet, but the WordNet comment may suggest that a surface must be horizontal; a 'Flat' surface need not be horizontal - for that use subattribute ''Level''..: in WordNet: 1. (12) flat, level, plane - (having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another; 'a flat desk'; 'acres of level farmland'; 'a plane surface'; 'skirts sewn with fine flat seams') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Even, :MostlyFlat . :Flat-bottomed :wnsense "flat-bottom1adj", "flat-bottomed1adj", "flatbottom1n", "flatbottomed1adj" ; :wordnet "flat-bottom", "flat-bottomed", "flatbottom", "flatbottomed" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flat-bottomed'' mostly describes ''Boat''s whose hulls are ''Flat'' on the bottom, rather than V-shaped as in most boats. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flat-bottomed' in Wordnet: 1. (4) flat-bottomed, flat-bottom - (having a flat bottom; \"a flat-bottomed boat\") WN adj 'flatbottom': 1. flatbottom, flatbottomed - (having a flat bottom; 'a flatbottom kettle'; 'a flatbottomed boat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :Flat-topped :wnsense "flat-top1adj", "flat-topped1adj" ; :wordnet "flat-top", "flat-topped" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flat-topped'' describes any PhysicalObject that has a top part that is relatively flat and whose top part is typcally oriented horizontally. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flat-topped' in WordNet: 1. flat-topped, flat-top - (having a flat or flattened upper surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :FlatBlade :en "flat blade" ; :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade9n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlatBlade'' is a ''Blade'' that has a straight cutting edge on one of the four sides of a ''MetalPlate''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blade, :MetalPlate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnifeEdge ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :FlatBottomedObject :en "flat-bottomed object" ; :enn "flat-bottomed object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlatBottomedObject'' is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' on which the nominal 'bottom' side is relatively ''Flat''. Small objects can be inverted so that the nominal 'bottom is oriented in any fashion, but the 'bottom'' must still be the same. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :SolidObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-bottomed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FlatObject :guid "209bf3e4-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FlatObject is a PhysicalObject that has at least one surface that is relatively Flat. COSMO note: In Cyc, this class was called 'Flat', which in COSMO is an attribute. Cyc comment: A flat surface is flat overall. It may have texture or may have relatively small subregions which are concave, convex, have holes all the way through etc.. Need not be horizontal. See #$SheetShaped for 'two-sided' or 'flat' objects such as boards, uncrumpled sheets of paper, or Compact Discs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroscopicObject, :ObjectWithAttribute, :PlanarObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FlatPlate :wnsense "plate1n" ; :wordnet "plate" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlatPlate' is a sheet-like ''SolidObject'' that is significantly ''Flate'' and thin, stiffer than 20-pound paper and will not droop when one end is held horizontal; it is rigid and can be of any material. in WordNet: WN noun 'plate': 1. (7) plate - (a sheet of metal or wood or glass or plastic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FlatRockAssemblyPlant :createsObject :Automobile ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :StateOfMichigan ; :isOwnedBy :FordMotorCompany ; :isaSourceOf :Automobile ; :wasTheLocationOf :AutomobileFabrication ; a :Factory ; rdfs:comment """The 'Flat Rock Assembly Plant', formerly (as of 2013) known as the 'AutoAlliance International' plant, it is owned by the 'FordMotorCompany' and manufactures (in 2013) the ' Ford Mustang coupe' and the 'Ford Fusion'. """ . :FlatSurfacePortion :en "flat surface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FlatSurfacePortion'' is a ''SurfacePortion'' of some ''PhysicalObject'' that is ''MostlyFlat'', i.e. it has no more than a little curvature and few protrusions that are prominent. It may have multiple indentations, and diverse distinguishable parts, as in the subtype ''InstrumentPanel''. Instances of this type need not be distinct objects separable from the main body of the PhysicalObject of which it is a part, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceOnTangibleObject, :SurfacePortion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MostlyFlat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FlatToppedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlatToppedObject'' is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' on which the nominal 'top' side is relatively ''Flat''. Small objects can be inverted so that the nominal 'top' is oriented in any fashion, but the 'top'' must still be the same side. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :SolidObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-topped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Flatfish :wnsense "flatfish2n" ; :wordnet "flatfish" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flatfish' in WordNet: 2. flatfish - (any of several families of fishes having flattened bodies that swim along the sea floor on one side of the body with both eyes on the upper side) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spiny-finnedFish . :Flatlining :en "flatline" ; :eng "flatlining" ; :env "flatline" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flatlining'' is a type of Death (the act of dying) in which an a patient being monitored by EKG no longer shows any evidence of heartbeat. This may be reversible by shocking the heart. No WN or RHWsense for this. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Death . :FlatteningSomething :wnsense "flatten1v" ; :wordnet "flatten" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlatteningSomething'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' in which the product is a ''FlatObject'' (or at least flatter than when it started). The resulting object may just be flatter on its surface or actually sheetlike. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flatten' in WordNet: 1. (6) flatten - (make flat or flatter; 'flatten a road'; 'flatten your stomach with these exercises') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :MalleableObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :MalleableObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :FlatObject ] . :Flattering :wnsense "flatter1v" ; :wordnet "flatter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flattering'' is a form of ''Complimenting'' that is not fully sincere; though it may be based on legitimate grounds for ''Complimenting'' it exceeds the normal degree of praise for the type of Action being praised. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flatter' in WordNet: 1. (7) flatter, blandish - (praise somewhat dishonestly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Complimenting, :Exaggerating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Flattery ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insincere ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Flattery ] . :Flattery :wnsense "flattery1n" ; :wordnet "flattery" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flattery'' is a form of 'PraiseText' produced by ''Flattering'', Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flattery' in WordNet: 1. (2) flattery - (excessive or insincere praise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PraiseText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Flattering ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exaggerated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Flatware :wnsense "flatware1n" ; :wordnet "flatware" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flatware' in WordNet: 1. flatware - (tableware that is relatively flat and fashioned as a single piece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServingVessel, :Tableware . :Flaunting :wnsense "flash3v", "flaunt1v", "ostentate1v", "show off1v", "swank1v" ; :wordnet "flash", "flaunt", "ostentate", "show off", "swank" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Showing off something one is proud of. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flaunt' in WordNet: 1. (3) flaunt, flash, show off, ostentate, swank - (display proudly; act ostentatiously or pretentiously; 'he showed off his new sports car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OstentatiousDisplay . :Flaw :en "imperfection" ; :enn "imperfection" ; :wnsense "defect3n", "fault5n", "flaw1n" ; :wordnet "defect", "fault", "flaw" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Flaw' is something Undesirable (considered here as an ''ObjectType'' (not necessariy physical) in some generic artifact or object (including abstract objects such as theories and plans) or Action.This is not an Attribute. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flaw' in WordNet: 5. (23) defect, fault, flaw - (an imperfection in a device or machine; 'if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flawed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Event, :Virtue . :Flawed :contrastsWith :Perfect ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Flaw ; :isTheOppositeOf :Flawless ; :wnsense "flawed1adj" ; :wordnet "flawed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of having a ''Flaw''. NOTE that this means having *any* ''Flaw'', whereas The subattribute ''Imperfect'' is to have some flaw that is *relevant* to a purpose. These subtle differences may be difficult to distinguish in text, but an author may find them useful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flawed' in WordNet: 1. blemished, flawed - (having a blemish or flaw; 'a flawed diamond') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :FlawedQuality :takesValue :Flawed, :GoodnessValue, :Imperfect ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlawedQuality'' is a generic ''AttributeType'' that categorizes the ways that things can be 'Bad' or flawed or imperfect. @ToDo1297 relate this to 'Flaw' the physical imperfection """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType, :BadThing . :Flawless :isTheOppositeOf :Flawed ; :wnsense "flawless1adj", "unflawed1adj" ; :wordnet "flawless", "unflawed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of *not* having a ''Flaw''. e.g. 'a D flawless diamond' (used in a technical as well as everyday sense). This can apply to Actions as well as Objects: 'A flawless execution of a triple Axle'; 'flawless logic' The difference between this and parent ''Perfect'' and sister node ''Impeccable'' is vague. Perhaps something can be 'perfect' for some purposes in spite of having some inconsequential flaw. This may be merged with ''Impeccable'' but ''Impeccable'' is not usually used for objects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flawless' in Wordnet: 1. (2) flawless, unflawed - (without a flaw; 'a flawless gemstone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perfect . :Flawlessness :wnsense "flawlessness1n", "ne plus ultra1n", "perfection1n" ; :wordnet "flawlessness", "ne plus ultra", "perfection" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flawlessness'' is a ''Quality'' (a PersistentState) of something (Object or Action) that has no ''Flaw'' or defect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flawlessness' in WordNet: 1. perfection, flawlessness, ne plus ultra - (the state of being without a flaw or defect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perfect ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flawless ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flaw ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imperfection ; owl:onProperty :contrastsWith ] . :FlaxPlant a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of several species of plant of the genus Linum which are processed to produce the fibrous material 'Linen'. In particular Linum usitatissimum, a slender, erect, annual plant with narrow, lance-shaped leaves and blue flowers, is the Linum most commonly cultivated for its fiber and seeds.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :FlaxSeed a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The seed of the FlaxPlant, the source of ''LinseedOil''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlaxPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :Flea :guid "bd58bbef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flea1n" ; :wordnet "flea" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The small insect that infests furry animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flea' in WordNet: 1. (1) flea - (any wingless bloodsucking parasitic insect noted for ability to leap) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodFeedingArthropod, :Insect, :Parasite, :Vermin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.005"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :FleaBite :wnsense "flea bite1n" ; :wordnet "flea bite" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FleaBite'' is a ''Bite'' (a wound on the skin) of a ''Flea'', often manifesting as a small swelling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flea bite' in WordNet: 1. flea bite - (sting inflicted by a flea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArthropodBite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flea ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FleaBiting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :FleaBiting :en "flea biting" ; :enn "flea biting" ; :guid "bd63a1fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPerformedBy :Flea ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a #$Flea is the doer of #$InsectBiting.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biting, :BodilyFunctionEvent, :HarmingAnAgent, :Ingesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flea ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FleaBite ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Fleeing :en "fleeing", "running away" ; :ldoce "run" ; :wnsense "flee1v", "run away1v", "run away2v", "run2v" ; :wordnet "flee", "run", "run away" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fleeing' is the action of a 'IntentionalAgent' that leaves a location to avoid confronting or being apprehended by some other agent, or to avoid being recaptured after escaping from someone's control (the escaping itself is an instance of 'EscapingCaptivity'), or to escape a ''DangerousSituation'' (e.g. ''War'',flood, fire, toxic fumes). This applies to animals as well as people (and, in the future, possibly to automatons, if intelligent enough). Fleeing in the face of an advancing enemy is an instance of 'Fleeing'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'flee' and verb sense 2 of 'run' and sense 1 and 2 of 'run away' in WordNet, but does not require that the fleeing be done by foot: in WordNet: WN 'flee': 1. (37) flee, fly, take flight - (run away quickly; 'He threw down his gun and fled') WN 'run; 2. (38) scat, run, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it, bunk, head for the hills, take to the woods, escape, fly the coop, break away - (flee; take to one's heels; cut and run; 'If you see this man, run!'; 'The burglars escaped before the police showed up') WN 'run away': 2. (1) run away - (escape from the control of; 'Industry is running away with us all') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvoidanceAction, :RunningAway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttemptToAvoid ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DangerousSituation :ActionType ) ] ] . :Fleet :guid "2444a398-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :hasAssociatedGroupType :TheShipsOfTheFleet ; :wnsense "fleet4n" ; :wordnet "fleet" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc this is called 'Fleet-MilitaryEchelon'. We use this category to represent a modern naval fleet, such as the US 'Sixth Fleet', 'Fleet' in COSMO is a subtype of Organization. For informal use of 'fleet' to refer to groups of vessels that are *not* a military Fleet organization, use 'GroupOfVessels'. Cyc: The attribute of being a deployable naval unit called a 'fleet'. As a rule, fleets are composed of several large military units equipped with sizeable #$ModernNavalShips. In most country's orders-of-battle, fleets are commanded by admirals (see #$Admiral-Rank). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fleet' in Wordnet: 4. fleet - (a group of warships organized as a tactical unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fleet, :MilitaryUnit, :ModernMilitaryOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NavalFleet-Organization ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheShipsOfTheFleet ; owl:onProperty :hasAssociatedGroupType ] . :Flesh :isaConstituentSubstanceOf :Animal ; :ldoce "flesh" ; :wnsense "flesh1n" ; :wordnet "flesh" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of animal tissue that is soft, including muscle and fatty tissue. This does not include the 'flesh' of a fruit - see 'Pulp'. COSMO note: this is a substance, not any particular object. Corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'flesh' in RHW: 1. the soft substance of a human or other animal body, consisting of muscle and fat. 2. muscular and fatty tissue. Corresponds to approximately to noun sense 1 of 'flesh' in WordNet: 1. (12) flesh - (the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tissue . :FlexedMuscle :en "flexed muscle" ; :guid "cf27f890-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlexedMuscle'' is one of the Flexor mscles that is in the flexed state. This is added to include the CYC element 'flexed' -not exactly the same as CYC Note clear where this is useful CYC 'Flexed': the body part is flexed, curled up. cf Extended. The flexor muscles are activated, and the extensor muscles are relaxed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Muscle . :Flexibility :isAbilityToPerformActionType :Bending ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :CordlikeObject, :FreeSheet ; :isaCapabilityOf :CordlikeObject, :LongAndThinObject, :SpoolableObject, :StringOrLine ; :takesValue :Flexible ; :wnsense "flexibility1n", "flexibleness1n" ; :wordnet "flexibility", "flexibleness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flexibility'' is the ability of a PhysicalObject (sheetlike or rod-shaped) to bend or otherwise undergo a ''ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flexibility' in WordNet: 1. (7) flexibility, flexibleness - (the property of being flexible; easily bent or shaped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capability, :PersistentState, :PhysicalAttribute . :Flexible :guid "cb70e488-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Brittle ; :wnsense "flexible2adj" ; :wordnet "flexible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of PhysicalObjects specifying that they can bend to some extent and do not retain their original shape when some force is applied (though they may regain their original shape when the force is removed). This is a general category of attribute which can take several degrees. In Cyc this concept is in effect a PhysicalObject that is flexible, but in COSMO the attribute and the object are separate concepts. For the Cyc notion of a flexible object, see 'FlexibleObject'. \"breakability\" Flexibility can be a property of substances, but is more appropriately assigned to objects, since the degree of bending for any given force will depend on the dimensions of an object and where the force is applied. This attribute includes all perceptible degrees of flexibility. A sphere or cube of rigid material such as solid plastic, rock, metal, or glass should not be characterixed as flexible in any degree, though they may be 'Compressible'., 'flexible' can be distinguished by degrees of flexibility: (1) 'slightly flexible', meaning that an object such as a metal beam or airplane wing, or wooden plank, is relatively rigid, but can flex to some extent (perhaps not much more than 10% of its length) when some pressure is applied at the point furthest from the point where it is fixed to an immovable object. This property is not disjoint with 'Rigid' or 'Stiff'. (2) 'bendable' (3) 'foldable' (4) 'creasable' As of version 0.32 not all of these distinctions are included in COSMO, and none have been axiomatized. Cyc: (the object, not the attribute) The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible that can be flexed, twisted, contorted. #$Flexible objects which retain their contorted shape are instances of #$Bendable (q.v.); #$Flexible objects which vigorously bounce back to their original shapes when contorted are instances of #$Elastic. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'flexible' in Wordnet: 2. (2) flexible, flexile - (able to flex; able to bend easily; 'slim flexible birches') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deformable . :FlexibleObject :guid "e3810508-74b9-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "has greater than Inelastic Elasticity" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Flick :wnsense "flick1n", "flick3v", "flick8v", "flick9v" ; :wordnet "flick" ; a :ActionType, :CycleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Flick'' is a small brief ''CyclicMovement'' (an Event in which an Object moves and then returns to its original location). It may or may not be repeated, (in which case it would be an ''Iteration'') but this type represents only *one* such ''Cycle''. This type represents the object doing the cyclic moton (often a hand) - the motion of an object propelled by that motion is not included (see ''Flinging''). This is usually performed by the hand or finger or tail of an animal. e.g. 'flick' of the wrist or of a cow's tail. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flick' in WordNet: 1. (2) flick - (a light sharp contact (usually with something flexible); 'he gave it a flick with his finger'; 'he felt the flick of a whip') WN verb 'flick': 3. (1) flip, flick - (cause to move with a flick; 'he flicked his Bic') 8. flick - (touch or hit with a light, quick blow; 'flicked him with his hand') 9. flick - (remove with a flick (of the hand)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cycle, :Movement-TranslationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Momentary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Flicker :wnsense "blink3v", "flash1v", "flicker1n", "glint1n", "spark1n", "twinkle1v", "winkle2v" ; :wordnet "blink", "flash", "flicker", "glint", "spark", "twinkle", "winkle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Flicker'' is a brief FlashOfLight that is not very intense and may be repeated in a 'flickering' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flicker' in WordNet: 1. flicker, spark, glint - (a momentary flash of light) WN verb 'flash': 1. (9) flash, blink, wink, twinkle, winkle - (gleam or glow intermittently; \"The lights were flashing\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlashOfLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Flickering :en "flickering" ; :wnsense "flick1v", "flick5v", "flicker3v" ; :wordnet "flick", "flicker" ; a :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Flickering'' is a repeated ''Flicker'' in which the time of the on and off cycle is less than a few minutes.. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'flicker' in WordNet: 3. flicker, flick - (flash intermittently; 'The lights flicked on and off') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlashOfLight, :Repeating . :FlightDeck :wnsense "flight deck1n", "landing deck1n" ; :wordnet "flight deck", "landing deck" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlightDeck'' is a ''MainDeck'' of an ''AircraftCarrier'' where the 'WarPlane''s it carries can take off and land. It serves as a ''Runway'' for those planes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flight deck' in WordNet: 1. flight deck, landing deck - (the upper deck of an aircraft carrier; used as a runway) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MainDeck, :Runway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AircraftCarrier ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FlightOfStairs :wnsense "flight of stairs1n", "flight of steps1n", "flight3n", "stairs1n", "steps1n" ; :wordnet "flight", "flight of stairs", "flight of steps", "stairs", "steps" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'FlightOfStairs' is connected series of stairs or steps at progressively higher heights, not interrupted by a landing (a level section without stairs). Each 'FlightOfStairs' contains a Group of 'Stair's, but may have other components such as walls or a handrail. NOTE: 'stairs' may refer to one flight of stairs, or a whole ''Stairway''. Used in both senses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flight of stairs' in WordNet: 1. (1) flight, flight of stairs, flight of steps - (a stairway (set of steps) between one floor or landing and the next) WN noun 'stairs': 1. (15) stairs, steps - (a flight of stairs or a flight of steps) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :PathArtifact, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stair ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :FlightViaAirTransportationDevice :en "flying" ; :guid "ca033d1e-175a-41d7-837b-bfbe00ee55ef" ; :ldoce "fly" ; :wnsense "air travel1n", "air2n", "aviation4n", "flight2n", "flight9n", "fly9v" ; :wordnet "air", "air travel", "aviation", "flight", "fly" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: an instance of 'FlightViaAirTransportationDevice' may consist of multiple segments of takeoff and landing. Each segment is also an instance of 'FlightViaAirTransportationDevice'. Therefore the beginning and ending points of a flight may be somewhat arbitrarily designated. In air transportation practice, it can happen that a person leaves an airplane and reboards, while counting the trip from origin to destination as one 'flight' This should have more detail. Cyc: The collection of instances of (#$TransportViaFn #$AirTransportationDevice) in which the device is actually #$Flying. Many #$AirTransportationDevices are capable of land or water travel, and often engage in transporting events while in such land or water travel modes (e.g., a plane driving passengers to their gate from the runway, after landing.) Corresponds to verb sense 9 of 'fly' and noun senses 2 and 9 of 'flight' in WordNet; the more general 'flying' is represented by the supertype 'Flying'.. For noun sense 9 of 'flight', a future scheduled 'flight' as well as completed flights are included; the future flight exists only in a possible world until it is actually executed, then exists in our real world. WN verb 'fly': in WordNet: 9. (1) fly - (travel in an airplane; 'she is flying to Cincinnati tonight'; 'Are we driving or flying?') WN noun 'flight': 2. (6) flight, flying - (an instance of traveling by air; 'flying was still an exciting adventure for him') 9. flight - (a scheduled trip by plane between designated airports; 'I took the noon flight to Chicago') WN 'air travel': 4. air travel, aviation, air - (travel via aircraft; 'air travel involves too much waiting in airports'; 'if you've time to spare go by air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirTransportationEvent, :FlyingAction, :HumanActivity, :OutdoorActivity . :FlightlessBird :guid "c0b6ec3f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flightless bird1n", "ratite bird1n", "ratite1n" ; :wordnet "flightless bird", "ratite", "ratite bird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$FlightlessBird is the collection of #$Birds that can't fly. Notable specializations include #$Penguin and #$Emu. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flightless bird' in WordNet: 1. ratite, ratite bird, flightless bird - (flightless birds having flat breastbones lacking a keel for attachment of flight muscles: ostriches; cassowaries; emus; moas; rheas; kiwis; elephant birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :Flimsy :isTheOppositeOf :Durable ; :wnsense "flimsy1adj" ; :wordnet "flimsy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Built in such a way that its resistance to breakage or other physical damage is less than normal for an object of that type. This is for physical objects, and the Wordnet example 'a fragile link to the past' is not part of the COSMO sense. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'flimsy' in WordNet: 1. (2) flimsy, fragile - (lacking solidity or strength and liable to break; 'a flimsy table'; 'flimsy construction'; 'a fragile link with the past') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delicate . :FlingingSomething :en "flinging" ; :wnsense "fling1v", "fling3n" ; :wordnet "fling" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlingingSomething'' is a ''Throwing'' in which a Person propels a small object with a brief motion of the hand (a ''Flick''). NOTE: this does not require a lot of 'force', it differs from the parent ''throw' in that the object thrown is small and light enough to require little force to propel it. One can fling a frisbee or a crumpled piece of paper, but ''ThrowingADiscus'' would require more exertion and force than is represented by this type. This type requires that the Person doing the flinging have the object in the hand in a ''Grasping'' Event immediately prior to the fling. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fling' in WordNet: 1. (13) fling - (throw with force or recklessness; 'fling the frisbee') WN noun 'fling': 3. fling - (the act of flinging) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Throwing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grasping ; owl:onProperty :alwaysFollows ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmallObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flick ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :Flint :hasMainComponentSubstance :SiliconDioxide ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Hard ; :wnsense "flint1n" ; :wordnet "flint" ; a :StoneType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of stone consisting mostly silica (''SiliconDioxide''). Has been used by primitive people to make arrowheads; 'flakes' are created by applying pressure at the right angle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flint' in WordNet: 1. (1) flint - (a hard kind of stone; a form of silica more opaque than chalcedony) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stone . :Flip-Flop :wnsense "flip-flop2n", "thong4n" ; :wordnet "flip-flop", "thong" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """sandal Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flip-flop' in WordNet: 2. flip-flop, thong - (a backless sandal held to the foot by a thong between the big toe and the second toe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sandal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thong ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShoeBack ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ] . :Flippancy :guid "bd58b1b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flippancy1n", "light-mindedness1n" ; :wordnet "flippancy", "light-mindedness" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flippancy'' is ''Levity'' in a situation. where it is inappropriate or insulting to the listener. CYC: Emotion shown by irresponsibly gay or indifferent behavior, when seriousness is expected. Empty conduct Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flippancy' in WordNet: 1. flippancy, light-mindedness - (inappropriate levity; 'her mood changed and she was all lightness and joy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Levity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unsuitable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Flipper :guid "bd58e14a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flipper2n" ; :wordnet "flipper" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Flipper'' is for the limbs on aquatic mammals that are homologous to arms and shaped to assist swimming underwater. A similar appendage on a non-mammal would be a 'fin'. CYC: Broad, flat limb adapted for swimming. RHW: a broad, flat limb, as of a seal or whale, especially adapted for swimming. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flipper' in WordNet: 2. flipper - (the flat broad limb of aquatic animals specialized for swimming) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limb-AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AquaticMammal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :FlipperShoe :wnsense "fin4n", "flipper1n" ; :wordnet "fin", "flipper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlipperShoe'' is a specialized ''Shoe'' designed to be worn while ''SwimmingUnderwater'', to provide propulsion by moving the lower legs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flipper' in WordNet: 1. flipper, fin - (a shoe for swimming; the paddle-like front is an aid in swimming (especially underwater)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shoe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwimmingUnderwater ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Propelling ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwimmingUnderwater ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paddle-Water ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :FlippingaCoin :en "flip a coin", "flipping a coin", "toss a coin", "tossing a coin" ; :guid "c03bacd3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flip3n", "toss1n" ; :wordnet "flip", "toss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC 'Flipping': Tossing with a sharp movement so as to cause to turn in the air #$PerpendicularTo the direction of motion. NOTE: in COSMO this is specifically for 'flpping' a coin, as a means of making a random yes/no or either/or decision. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'flip' in WordNet: 3. flip, toss - (the act of flipping a coin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rotation, :Tossing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coin ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ] . :Flirting :guid "be3a125b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "butterfly3v", "chat up1v", "coquet1v", "coquetry1n", "coquette1v", "dalliance2n", "dally3v", "flirt1v", "flirt2n", "flirtation1n", "mash2v", "philander2v", "romance3v", "toying1n" ; :wordnet "butterfly", "chat up", "coquet", "coquetry", "coquette", "dalliance", "dally", "flirt", "flirtation", "mash", "philander", "romance", "toying" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flirting''is a ''PlayfulFrolic'' in which .one person behaves with anothr in a manner that suggests ronmantic or sexual interest, CYC: The collection of all events of flirtation, where the agent behaves so as to invite romantic or sexual interest in another. Examples include non-verbal communication such as smiling and batting one's eyelashes, as well as other forms of communication. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flirt' in WordNet: 1. (1) chat up, flirt, dally, butterfly, coquet, coquette, romance, philander, mash - (talk or behave amorously, without serious intentions; 'The guys always try to chat up the new secretaries'; 'My husband never flirts with other women') WN noun 'flirting': 1. flirt, flirting, flirtation, coquetry, dalliance, toying - (playful behavior intended to arouse sexual interest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :Communication, :RecreationalActivity, :SociabilityBasedAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amusement-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Romantic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Floatable :en "floatable" ; :enadj "floatable" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :FloatingOnWater ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :FloatingOnWater ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"Floatable\" is the attribute of Objects that are capable of ''FloatingOnWater'' - i.e.they are less dense than water. This isvague because something capable of floating on SeaWater (or the DeadSea) may sink in pure water. This covers both cases. No WN sense. RHW 'floatable': 1 .capable of floating; that can be floated. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Buoyant . :Floater :wnsense "floater1n" ; :wordnet "floater" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any SolidObject that floats in or on (is supported by) some liquid. The 'floaters' in the eye are the visual 'spots' effects, rather than the objects causing them. These are *not* included here. 7. floater - (an object that floats or is capable of floating) Includes the most general sense 7 of 'floater' in WordNet, but also includes the subtype of 'floater' that is specifically found in the eye: in WordNet: 7. floater - (an object that floats or is capable of floating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :FloatingEvent ] . :FloatingEvent :guid "c10076e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "float" ; :wnsense "float1v" ; :wordnet "float" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some object floats on (is supported by) some liquid or gaseous substance. For floating on a surface of a liquid, use 'FloatingOnaLiquid'. NOTE that things that might sink if not in motion but are supported by the fluid substance are also considered to be 'Floating'. This includes things that are so small that, even if slightly denser than the suspending liquid, they can be suspended for a while by thermal currents, viscosity or Brownian effects (i.e. can be particles in a 'Suspension'). See also 'Swimming' Cyc (FloatingInASubstance) The collection of all events in which an object floats (is suspended) in a liquid or gaseous substance. Includes verb sense 1 of 'float' in WordNet, but also includes the subtype of 'float' ('FloatingOnaLiquid'), being supported on the surface of a liquid, not necessarily moving with a current.: in WordNet: 1. (14) float, drift, be adrift, blow - (be in motion due to some air or water current; 'The leaves were blowing in the wind'; 'the boat drifted on the lake'; 'The sailboat was adrift on the open sea'; 'the shipwrecked boat drifted away from the shore') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingSupported . :FloatingOnWater :en "floating" ; :wnsense "float2v" ; :wordnet "float" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FloatingOnWater'' is a subtype of ''FloatingOnaLiquid'' where the liquid is Water and the Event occurs on a ''WaterObject''. This can be performed by any kind of PhysicalObject, including a LiquidObject (e.g. an oil slick) NOTE: the WN sense is not specific to Water. Corresponds approximately to part of verb sense 2 of 'float' in WordNet: 2. (4) float, swim - (be afloat; stay on a liquid surface; not sink) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloatingOnaLiquid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterObject ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSurface ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :FloatingOnaLiquid :ldoce "float" ; :wnsense "float2v" ; :wordnet "float" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some object floats on the surface of (is supported by) some liquid, in a gravitational field. For 'floating' within a liquid, or in a gas, use the more general 'FloatingEvent'. The case role of the liquid on which the floating is occurring is pointed to by 'hasSupportingThing'. The object that is floating can be related to the liquid by the relation 'isSupportedBy'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'float' in WordNet: 2. (4) float, swim - (be afloat; stay on a liquid surface; not sink) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation, :FloatingEvent . :FloatingPointOperation :wnsense "floating-point operation1n", "flop1n" ; :wordnet "floating-point operation", "flop" ; a :CycleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''FloatingPointOperation'' is an Event that is part of a ''ComputerProgramExecution'' that includes Floating Point arithmetic operations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'floating-point operation' in WordNet: 1. floating-point operation, flop - (an arithmetic operation performed on floating-point numbers; \"this computer can perform a million flops per second\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerInstructionExecution, :Cycle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerProgramExecution ] . :Flock :wnsense "flock2n" ; :wordnet "flock" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Flock is a Group of which each component element is a Bird. The 'flock' of sheep is represented by ''FlockOfSheep''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flock' in WN: in WordNet: 2. (2) flock - (a group of birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClusterOfAnimals, :GroupOfBeasts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Bird ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :FlockOfSheep :wnsense "flock5n", "fold4n" ; :wordnet "flock", "fold" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlockOfSheep'' is a ''Group'' of ''Sheep'' that are owned by one owner, and allowed to graze together in some area, monitored by a ''Shepherd''. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'flock' in WordNet: 5. flock, fold - (a group of sheep or goats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollectiveAgent, :Herd, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Sheep ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Flocked :ened "flocked" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Fabric ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FlockingaFabric ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flocked'' is an attribute of fabrics that have had a surface layer of fibers applied in a ''FlockingaFabric'' process. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Soft . :FlockedFabric a :PorousSheetType, :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlockedFabric'' is a ''Fabric'' that is a flocked (as contrasted with woven). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flocked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FlockingaFabric :en "flocking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlockingaFabric'' is an Action in which a flocking material (small short fibers of a soft material) are attached to a backing fabric, to create a flocked fabric (velvet, velveteen) that has a soft surface with a pleasant feel. Wikipedia: Flocking is the process of depositing many small fiber particles (called flock) onto a surface. It can also refer to the texture produced by the process, or to any material used primarily for its flocked surface. Flocking of an article can be performed for the purpose of increasing its value in terms of the tactile sensation, aesthetics, color and appearance. It can also be performed for functional reasons including insulation, slip-or-grip friction, and low reflectivity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlockedFabric ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Flooded :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :BeingFlooded ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dry ; :wnsense "afloat3adj", "awash1adj", "flooded1adj", "inundated1adj", "overflowing2adj" ; :wordnet "afloat", "awash", "flooded", "inundated", "overflowing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Places or Objects that have some (relatively) large quantity of water not controlled by confinement to a container, perhaps flowing throgh an area. This is usually an unintended and undesirable attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'flooded' in Wordnet: 1. (1) afloat, awash, flooded, inundated, overflowing - (covered with water; 'the main deck was afloat (or awash)'; 'the monsoon left the whole place awash'; 'a flooded bathroom'; 'inundated farmlands'; 'an overflowing tub') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wet . :Flooding :en "flooding" ; :guid "c0fdd4cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "flood" ; :wnsense "alluvion2n", "deluge1v", "deluge3n", "flood1n", "flood1v", "flood2v", "flood4v", "inundate1v", "inundation1n", "swamp2v" ; :wordnet "alluvion", "deluge", "flood", "inundate", "inundation", "swamp" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$NaturalHazard. Each instance of #$Flooding is an event in which water levels reach dangerous heights. SUMO: Flooding is the subclass of LiquidMotion processes in which the water level of a Waterway rises or water spreads over a flood plain along a Waterway. NOTE: ''Flooding'' inherits relations ''hasEndingPlace'' and ''hasThingPassedThrough''. These would seem to be contradictory and suggest some modification of the parent type(s. @ToDo - reconsider. Perhaps'endingplace' relation needs rethinking, or FluidFlowEvent?? Perhaps Flooding has subEvent ''FluidFlowEvent''?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flood', and includes the non-metaphorical parts of verb senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'flood' in WordNet: 1. (5) flood, inundation, deluge, alluvion - (the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land; 'plains fertilized by annual inundations') WN verb 'flood': 1. (6) deluge, flood, inundate, swamp - (fill quickly beyond capacity; as with a liquid; 'the basement was inundated after the storm'; 'The images flooded his mind') 2. (3) flood - (cover with liquid, usually water; 'The swollen river flooded the village'; 'The broken vein had flooded blood in her eyes') 4. flood - (become filled to overflowing; 'Our basement flooded during the heavy rains') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalDisaster, :Overflowing, :UndesirableEvent, :WaterMotion, :Wetting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropertyDamage ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DangerousSituation ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wetting ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterObject ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfComparison ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterObject ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingFlooded ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ] . :Floor :guid "bd58f893-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "floor" ; :wnsense "floor1n" ; :wordnet "floor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc termed 'FloorInAConstruction'. cyc: a specialization of #$PartOfAnHSC and #$Wall-GenericBarrier. Each instance of #$FloorInAConstruction is a physical floor in a building (typically made to walk upon), _not_ the level (the story composed of rooms or halls - see #$LevelOfAConstruction). The floor can include any floor in a building such as the floor of a room on the third floor as well as the floor of the entire first level of the building. This includes just the horizontal surface - not the subfloor. It also does not include floor coverings like carpet or tile. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact that is the bottom surface of a Room. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'floor' in WordNet: 1. (38) floor, flooring - (the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room or hallway); 'they needed rugs to cover the bare floors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroundOrFloor, :PartOfAnHSC, :SupportingSurface, :Wall-GenericBarrier . :FloorCovering :en "floor covering" ; :enn "floor covering" ; :guid "c087fcd5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToCover :Floor ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all objects designed to be used as coverings for floors. The intended purpose could be to shelter or protect the floor, or even just to serve a decorative function. Examples include #$FloorTiles, #$Rugs, #$Carpets and wooden flooring. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :DurableGood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Floor ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :FloorTile :en "floor tile" ; :enn "floor tile" ; :guid "bf28a301-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToCover :Floor ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Tile that are intended to be used as #$Covering-Objects for instances of #$FloorInAConstruction.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :FloorCovering, :Tile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Floor ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Flop :wnsense "bust1n", "fizzle2n", "flop3n" ; :wordnet "bust", "fizzle", "flop" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flop'' is a ''Failure'' that does not come close to being a ''SuccessfulAction''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'flop' in WordNet: 3. flop, bust, fizzle - (a complete failure; 'the play was a dismal flop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Failure, :MistakenAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncompetentlyPerformed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FloppingDown :wnsense "collapse3n", "flop1v", "flop4n" ; :wordnet "collapse", "flop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FloppingDown'' is a ''PurposefulAction'' of a Person who moves from a standing position to a sitting or lying position in a loosely controlled manner, striking the target supporting object with some velocity - not gently - in contrast with a typical sitting that is performed gently. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'flop' in WordNet: 1. (4) flop - (fall loosely; 'He flopped into a chair') WN noun 'flop': 4. flop, collapse - (the act of throwing yourself down; 'he landed on the bed with a great flop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedTranslation, :FallingEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TouchingGentle ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StrikingHeavy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Floppy :isTheOppositeOf :Rigid ; :wnsense "floppy1adj" ; :wordnet "floppy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not rigid - if held by one end, the other end will droop to some extent in a gravitational field. FOr animal ears, being ''Floppy' is more accrately represented as being ''Limp'' (a subtype of ''Floppy''). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'floppy' in Wordnet: 1. floppy - (hanging limply; 'a spaniel with floppy ears') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FloppyDiskDrive :en "floppy disk drive" ; :guid "bd58ec95-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiskDrive, :MagneticDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diskette ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Floral :pertainsTo :FloralArrangement, :FloralLeaf, :FloralWreath, :Flower ; :wnsense "floral2adj" ; :wordnet "floral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Floral'' is the attribute pertaining to a biological ''FLower'' or some part of a flower, or something made of or derived from or resembling a ''Flower''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'floral' in Wordnet: 2. floral - (relating to or associated with flowers; 'floral organs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :FloralArrangement :guid "bd58a449-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "arrangement" ; :wnsense "flower arrangement1n" ; :wordnet "flower arrangement" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Arrangement of cut flowers, maintained in its proper order by some method such as fastening the stems to a rigid object, or placing them in a container in which they cannot move freely. This type includes the container maintaining the arrangement as well as the flowers. The 'container' may be something as simple as a rubber band binding the stems together. Called 'FlowerArrangement' in Cyc. WN This is a subtype of 'Arrangement'in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flower arrangement' in WordNet: 1. flower arrangement - (a decorative arrangement of flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrangement, :Ornament, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CutFlower ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :FloralLeaf :wnsense "floral leaf1n" ; :wordnet "floral leaf" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A part of a ''Flower'' that is derived from a primitive leaf. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'floral leaf' in WordNet: 1. floral leaf - (a modified leaf that is part of a flower) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leaf, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flower ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :FloralWreath :ldoce "arrangement" ; :wnsense "flower arrangement1n" ; :wordnet "flower arrangement" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wreath'' made from of cut flowers, maintained in its proper order by some method such as fastening the stems to a rigid object, or placing them in a container in which they cannot move freely. This type includes the container maintaining the arrangement as well as the flowers. The 'container' may be something as simple as a rubber band binding the stems together. Called 'FlowerArrangement' in Cyc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flower arrangement' in WordNet: 1. flower arrangement - (a decorative arrangement of flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloralArrangement, :Wreath, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CutFlower ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :FloridaKey :wnsense "Florida key1n", "cay1n", "key8n" ; :wordnet "Florida key", "cay", "key" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FloridaKey'' is a ''CoralReef'' located off the southwest coast of the ''StateOfFlorida''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Florida key' in WordNet: 1. key, cay, Florida key - (a coral reef off the southern coast of Florida) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoralReef, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOfFlorida ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Flotsam :wnsense "flotsam1n" ; :wordnet "flotsam" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Flotsam'' is a Group consisting of all of the PhysicalObjects that remain floating after a ''Ship'' has sunk (gone down), each of which is a ''PartOfaShip'', including any cargo aboard at the time of sinking. This includes the concept of 'jetsam' that was originally used for items that were jettisoned in order to try preventing a ship from sinking, but that term is often conflated with 'flotsam' as in the WN gloss. However, 'jetsam' alone has the original meaning and is represented as a subtype of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flotsam' in WordNet: 1. flotsam, jetsam - (the floating wreckage of a ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PhysicalObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PartOfaShip ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShipsCargo ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FloatingOnWater ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foundering ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :Flour :guid "bd58a7c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :CerealPlant ; :ldoce "flour" ; :wnsense "flour1n" ; :wordnet "flour" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A powder made from any of several grain crops. This powder may not be as finely divided as typical wheat flour, and can include notable granular substances such as CornMeal. Cyc: ('FlourOrMeal'): flour-finely ground cereal used in cooking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flour' in WordNet: 1. (3) flour - (fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DryFood, :EdibleStuff, :FoodIngredientOnly, :PlantProduct, :Powder . :FlourBasedObject a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlourBasedObject' is a baked ''SolidFoodObject'' in which flour is a major ingredient. Such objects may be moist (such as a ''SliceOfBread''), or dry (such as a ''Biscuit'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bread ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flour ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ] . :FlourMill a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlourMill'' is a ''Mill'' (factory building, not the grinding machine) where grain is pulverized to produce powdered ''Flour''. RHW 'mill': 2. a building equipped with machinery for grinding grain into flour and other cereal products. RHW: 'flour mill': a mill for grinding grain into flour. NOTE: WN 'flour mill' seems to be the grinding machine, not the building where the grinding occurs.This is a building contining one or more such grinding machines. WN sense is repurpsed here. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'flour mill' in WordNet: 1. flour mill - (a mill for grinding grain into flour) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrindingMachine ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pulverizing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeedGrain ; owl:onProperty :processes ] . :Flow :ldoce "flow" ; :wnsense "flow1v", "flow4n", "flux1v" ; :wordnet "flow", "flux" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Flow'' is the general concept of some substance or group of things moving together in the same general direction behaving as a connected body of things or stuff. This movement can be performed by a ''FluidObject'' or something behaving like a ''FluidObject'', such as magma in a volcano or a crowd of people or a herd or flock of animals,or objects on a conveyor belt. 'the crowd flowed through the gate'. For a 'flow' of fluids, use subtype ''FluidFlowEvent''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'flow' in WordNet: 4. (3) flow - (any uninterrupted stream or discharge) WN verb 'flow': 1. (14) flow, flux - (move or progress freely as if in a stream; 'The crowd flowed out of the stadium') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovementOrShapeChangeEvent, :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FluidType :FluidObject :GroupType :ObjectGroup ) ] ] . :FlowController a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlowController'' is a ''SolidObject'' that is located inside a ''FluidConduit''. The size depends on the diameter of the ''FluidConduit''. It typically regulates the flow of the fluid in the conduit by reducing the size of the path at some point in the conduit - by any of various mechanisms. A simple version in an artifact would be a plate that can be rotated to be perpendicular or parallel to the flow of the fluid in a ''Pipe'', alternately allowing or blocking the flow. This can also be natural, as a heart valve. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidConduit ] . :FlowPath :guid "bd589555-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$CustomaryPathCycLConstant and a specialization of both #$Path-Customary and #$Path-Simple. Each instance of #$FlowPath is a path whose extent is delineated by the movement of a fluid over an area; for example, the path of a lava flow or the #$AlaskanPipeline. Instances of #$FlowPath may (but need not) be constrained by objects or forces that channel the flow of fluid; see also the subcollection #$FluidConduit.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Physical, :Path-Simple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :FlowRegulator :wnsense "regulator1n" ; :wordnet "regulator" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlowRegulator'' is an artifactual ''FlowController'' and a ''ControlDevice'' that is located inside a ''FluidConduit''. The size depends on the diameter of the ''FluidConduit''. It typically regulates the flow of the fluid in the conduit by reducing the size of the path at some point in the conduit - by any of various mechanisms. A simple version in an artifact would be a plate that can be rotated to be perpendicular or parallel to the flow of the fluid in a ''Pipe'', alternately allowing or blocking the flow. A ''FlowRegulator'' must be an ArtifactObject, but the ''FluidConduit'' can be natural; an implanted artifactual heart valve is one example. Corresponds to part (fluid flow) of noun sense 1 of 'regulator' in Wordnet: 1. (1) regulator - (any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlDevice, :FlowController, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidConduit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidCurrent ; owl:onProperty :controls ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidFlowEvent ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :Flower :ldoce "flower" ; :wnsense "bloom2n", "blossom1n", "flower2n" ; :wordnet "bloom", "blossom", "flower" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The blossom of a flowering plant, sometimes colorful and visually striking, and sometimes small and inconspicuous, which contains the reproductive organs of the plant, which also produce the seeds. In normal speech, the term is used for the outer envelope of the reproductive organs, when they are brightly colored and conspicuous. NOTE: the term 'flower' is also used to refer to a plant type that bears flowers, but that meaning is represented by the Type 'FloweringPlant' or its parent ''Angiosperm'', and is not included in this sense. This sense of ''Flower'' is for any flower, not just one from a plant specifically cultivated for its flowers (a ''FloweringPlant''). NOTE also that the word 'flower' may be used to refer to a flower and part of its stem that have been severed from a plant (often to serve as decoration). That type is represented by 'CutFlower'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flower' in WordNet: 2. (8) flower, bloom, blossom - (reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, :PlantReproductiveStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Angiosperm ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Petal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blooming ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :FlowerBud :wnsense "flower bud1n" ; :wordnet "flower bud" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flower bud' in WordNet: 1. flower bud - (a bud from which only a flower or flowers develop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantBud, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FloweringPlant ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :FlowerBudding :wnsense "bud1v" ; :wordnet "bud" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (for ''Blooming'' of ''FloweringPlant''s) of verb sense 1 of 'bud' in WordNet: 1. (2) bud - (develop buds; 'The hibiscus is budding!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuddingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FloweringPlant ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blooming ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bud ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :FlowerType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlowerType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ''Flower''s and an argument restriction for various relations on ''Flower''s.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPartType . :FlowerVase :wnsense "vase1n" ; :wordnet "vase" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlowerVase'' is a ''Vase'' of a size and shae (nearly cylindrical, oriented upright) that is designed to hold flowers that stick out above the top. NOTE: WN may include 'urns' as flower vases, but for COSMO an Urn is not intended to hold flowers. Footed vases may be created as a subtype of vase if needed. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'vase' ('holding flowers' part) in WordNet: 1. (12) vase - (an open jar of glass or porcelain used as an ornament or to hold flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CutFlower ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :FloweringPlant :guid "bd58c76b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "flower" ; :wnsense "flower1n" ; :wordnet "flower" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$BiologicalClass and a specialization of #$Plant. Each instance of #$FloweringPlant is a plant whose seeds are enclosed in ovaries; consequently, this is the collection of flowering plants in the botanical sense. For flowering plants actually in bloom, see the collection #$FloweryPlant. NOTE: In WN and SUMO a ''flowering plant' is an ''Angiosperm''. This type is for ''Angiosperms'' *cultivated* specifically for their flowers, not including trees. The term 'flower',is used in the type ''Flower'' to refer to the showy reproductive organ of an Angiosperm (i.e.a 'flowering plant') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flower' in WordNet: 1. (31) flower - (a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angiosperm . :FloweringTree :wnsense "flowering tree1n" ; :wordnet "flowering tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flowering tree' in WordNet: 1. angiospermous tree, flowering tree - (any tree having seeds and ovules contained in the ovary) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angiosperm, :Tree . :Flowerpot :wnsense "flowerpot1n", "pot4n" ; :wordnet "flowerpot", "pot" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Flowerpot'' is an ''OpenTopContainer'' whose top brim is typically the widest part, from two inches to two feet depending on the size of the plant to be cultured in it. A ''Flowerpot' usually has and end-use for ''GrowingPlants'' in or around a Home or business, but some disposable ''FLowerpot''s may be used in commercial 'garden centers' to provide a contianer for customersto take home the plants they buy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flowerpot' in WordNet: 1. pot, flowerpot - (a container in which plants are cultivated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :OpenTopContainer, :SmallObject . :Flowery :isTheAttributeOfSomethingResembling :Flower ; :wnsense "floral1adj", "flowered1n", "flowery1adj" ; :wordnet "floral", "flowered", "flowery" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flowery'' is the attribute characterizing things that are visually obsrvable or perceivable through the sense of taste or smell, that are suggestive of a ''Flower'', particularly in stylized designs on clothing. wallaper, or other objects that can be made more pleasing in that manner, but also for tastes or fragrances. NOTE: this is not for 'flowery' rhetoric or speech. That usage would be metaphorical. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'flowery' and sense 1 of 'flowered' in Wordnet: 1. flowery - (of or relating to or suggestive of flowers; 'a flowery hat'; 'flowery wine') WN adj 'flowered': 1. floral, flowered - (resembling or made of or suggestive of flowers; 'an unusual floral design') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Flowing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Motion ; :wnsense "flowing3adj", "streaming2adj" ; :wordnet "flowing", "streaming" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flowing' is a subproperty of ''InMotion' for Objects that are moving in a relatively narrow stream within some defined boundaries. This is for fluids, especially water, but also for crowds of people and for electric currents. Corresponds approzimately to adjective sense 3 of 'flowing' (includes water and other fluids flowing) in Wordnet: 3. flowing, streaming - (moving smoothly and continuously; 'crowds flowing through the canyons of the streets'; 'fan streaming into the concert hall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionAttribute . :FlowingRapidly :en "flowing rapidly" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :LiquidMotion ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Motion ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlowingRapidly'' is a subproperty of ''Flowing' for bodies of liquid (usually water) that are 'flowing' relatively raidly. This can be for liquids in conduits or outdoor bodies of water flowihg rapidly. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionAttribute . :FlowingWater :en "flowing water" ; :enn "flowing water" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :WaveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlowingWater'' is a subtype of ''MovingWater'' that is moving in a constrained long and thin stream. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DynamicObject, :LongAndThinThing, :MovingWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flowing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlowingWaterMotion ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :FlowingWaterMotion :en "flowing water motion" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlowingMotion'' is an Event in which some ''BodyOfWater'' (usually a ''Stream'') is moving within some long and thin channel, which can be a pipe or a StreamBed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlowingWater ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Fluctuating :wnsense "fluctuate1v", "fluctuate2v", "fluctuate3v", "fluctuation1n", "fluctuation2n", "fluctuation3n", "vacillate2v", "variation1n", "wavering2n" ; :wordnet "fluctuate", "fluctuation", "vacillate", "variation", "wavering" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fluctuating'' is a subtype of ''Varying'' in which some property of some Object or System changes first in one direction then subsequently in the opposite direction. The reverse change may or may not return to the original value, and the number of changes may be as few as two or more commonly more than two, for this type to apply. The net effect of the changes may over time may be a statistically significant rise or fall in some value (as in Stock Market prices or global average air temperature), but the variations should each be easily perceptible from the previous or typical or expected value of the fluctuating property. Includes all three verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'fluctuate' and the three noun senses of 'fluctuation' in WordNet: 1. fluctuate - (cause to fluctuate or move in a wavelike pattern) 2. fluctuate, vacillate, waver - (move or sway in a rising and falling or wavelike pattern; 'the line on the monitor vacillated') 3. fluctuate - (be unstable; 'The stock market fluctuates') WN noun 'fluctuation': 1. fluctuation - (a wave motion; 'the fluctuations of the sea') 2. variation, fluctuation - (an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change) 3. fluctuation, wavering - (the quality of being unsteady and subject to changes; 'he kept a record of price fluctuations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VaryingEvent . :FluentInaLanguage :wnsense "fluent2adj" ; :wordnet "fluent" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FluentInaLanguage'' is being able to speak a natural language with suficient proficiency to read a newspaper or hold a normal conversation, or watch television or listen to radio in a Person's non-nativelanguage without consulting a bilingual dictionary. No WN sense specific for this concept. RHW 'fluent': 2. able to speak or write smoothly, easily, or readily: a fluent speaker; fluent in six languages. Corresponds most closely to adjective sense 1 of 'eloquent' in Wordnet: 1. (4) eloquent, facile, fluent, silver, silver-tongued, smooth-spoken - (expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively; 'able to dazzle with his facile tongue'; 'silver speech') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArticulateOrEloquent . :Fluently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :FluentInaLanguage ; :wnsense "fluently1adv" ; :wordnet "fluently" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fluently'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify verbs of speaking or communicating, asserting that the Action characterized is performed without hesitation or uncertainty as to how to express thoght in language or understand things said or written This is usually used for people conducting activities using a non-native language. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'fluently' in WordNet: 1. fluently - (in a fluent manner; 'she speaks French fluently') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Fluffy :isTheOppositeOf :Hard ; :wnsense "downlike1adj", "downy1adj", "flossy1adj", "fluffy1adj" ; :wordnet "downlike", "downy", "flossy", "fluffy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fluffy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) downy, downlike, flossy, fluffy - (like down or as soft as down) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LowDensity, :Soft . :FluidConduit :wnsense "conduit1n" ; :wordnet "conduit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all conduits, natural or artifactual, through which fluid (instances of #$FluidTangibleThing) can flow in #$FluidFlowEvents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'conduit' in Wordnet: 1. conduit - (a passage (a pipe or tunnel) through which water or electric wires can pass; 'the computers were connected through a system of conduits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityOrContainer, :FlowPath, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidType ] . :FluidContainer :en "FluidReservoir", "fluid container", "fluid reservoir" ; :guid "bd58f745-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container for liquids or gases. i.e. Liquids and Gases. In Cyc called 'FluidReservoir' Cyc: A specialization of #$ContainerArtifact. Each instance of #$FluidReservoir is a container designed to hold fluids. Instances of #$FluidReservoir generally have an opening, which may be small and resealable (as in a #$Bottle) or large and open (as in a #$Tub). Note a special negative case: natural 'reservoirs', such as #$Lakes, are not #$ContainerArtifacts - though the #$Dams that create some of them are artifacts, the reservoir water is contained in the natural landscape - and hence such reservoirs are not instances of #$FluidReservoir. SUMO: A Container which is used to store Fluids, i.e. Liquids and Gases. vessel """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FluidObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :FluidCurrent :ldoce "current" ; :wnsense "current2n", "stream3n" ; :wordnet "current", "stream" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionalProcess during which some fluid (air or water) flows in a stream-like formation. This can be the current in a Stream, or a current in the Ocean, or air currents in the atmosphere (such as the jet stream). A ''FluidCurrent'' can be the result of a ''PropellingaFluid'' Event, as with a pump or a fan. NOTE that a ''FluidFlowEvent'' is an Event, disjoint with ''FunctionalProcess'', the parent of ''FluidCurrent'' NOTE that simple linear moving things like currents are represented as FunctionalProcesses, even though they have some of the character of a DynamicObject. A current of water is not an instance of DynamicObject. This distinction is not entirely arbitrary; a linear current has a flow rate as one of its salient characteristics, and that is represented as a time derivative, which is one salient characteristic of a FunctionalProcess. A DymanicObject will exhibit salient characteristics beyond a simple linear flow, as in the case of a tornado which moves up, down, and sideways as well as in a circle. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'current' in WordNet: 2. (8) current, stream - (a steady flow (usually from natural causes); 'the raft floated downstream on the current'; 'he felt a stream of air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalProcess . :FluidFlow-Translation :en "flow of fluid from one place to another" ; :guid "bd590484-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$FluidFlowEvent and #$Movement-TranslationEvent (qq.v.). In each instance of #$FluidFlow-Translation, the moving object (see the predicate #$objectMoving) is an instance of #$FluidTangibleThing (i.e. a portion of some fluid, such as a quart of milk) rather than a discrete solid object. At least some of the moving object leaves its original position (see the predicate #$fromLocation) and some arrives at the destination (see the predicate #$toLocation), but it is not necessary that all of the moving object go from the origin to the destination. Instances of #$FluidFlow-Translation include rivers flowing or winds blowing or air filling one's lungs when one takes a breath. Other instances of #$FluidFlow-Translation include flows of #$GranularFluids (q.v.), such as sand or drifting snow, that are composed of multiple solid particles.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidFlowEvent, :Movement-TranslationEvent . :FluidFlowEvent :guid "bd62dcde-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "flow" ; :wnsense "flow1n", "flow2v", "flowing1n" ; :wordnet "flow", "flowing" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent. Each instance of #$FluidFlowEvent is an event in which a fluid moves (or a group of particles collectively moves). The spatial extent of the fluid may change (i.e. expansion or contraction, see #$ShapingSomething) and/or they may undergo a #$MovementEvent such as rotation (e.g. a whirlpool or a tornado) and/or translation. If the fluid undergoes translation, then the event is also an instance of #$FluidFlow-Translation. Examples of #$FluidFlow-Translation include 'partial' motions such as occurs in rivers flowing, or jets of air blowing. Another kind of example of #$FluidFlow-Translation is #$FluidFlow-Complete, in which the fluid moves entirely from the #$fromLocation and to the #$toLocation. The restriction allows specifying the FluidType or the object consisting of Fluid that is participating (e.g. a River) The fluid can be in an open channel or a closed 'pipe'. Includes verb sense 2 and noun sense 1 of 'flow' and noun sense 1 of 'flowing' in WordNet: WN noun 'flow': 1. (18) flow, flowing - (the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)) WN verb 'flow': 2. (11) run, flow, feed, course - (move along, of liquids; 'Water flowed into the cave'; 'the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flow, :MovementOrShapeChangeEvent, :PassingThroughSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FluidType :FluidObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PushingPhenomenon ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :FluidObject :guid "bd58d1e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc, called 'FluidTangibleThing'. In Cyc this is an object, though many of its subclasses are what would normally be considered as substances. We keep this Type as a PhysicalObject in COSMO (some *piece* of fluid matter), but the subtypes had to be disentangled. NOTE: this is not a state of matter, it is an Object that is fluid. Cyc: A subcollection of #$PartiallyTangible and an instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType. Each instance of #$FluidTangibleThing is a tangible thing that can flow. This includes gases, liquids, and granular fluids (i.e. tangible things that are #$Pourable, such as sand); see #$GaseousTangibleThing, #$LiquidTangibleThing, and #$GranularFluid. Instances of #$FluidTangibleThing include the air in Austin, the water in #$LakeErie, a particular chunk of snow, the sand on the beach at Malibu, and the mercury in a thermometer. Non-instances include an air molecule, a snowflake, a grain of sand, a boulder, and a hunk of bread dough.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateThing, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :FluidObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FluidObjectType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ''FluidObject''s and an argument restriction for various relations on ''FluidObject'' types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType . :FluidOunce a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: called 'Ounce' in SUMO. SUMO: English unit of volume equal to 1/8 of a Cup.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :FluidSubstance :wnsense "fluid1n", "fluid2n" ; :wordnet "fluid" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Gas or a LiquidSubstance. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'fluid' in WordNet: 1. (26) fluid - (a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure) 2. (8) fluid - (a continuous amorphous substance that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceByState . :FluidTangibleThing :isaSynonymOf :FluidObject ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Cyc term for 'Fluid'. This is an Object, not a state.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :FluidType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """FluidType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances that are in a fluid (liquid or gas) state. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSubstanceType . :Fluky :en "flaky" ; :enadj "flaky" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Constant ; :wnsense "chancy2adj", "flukey1adj", "fluky1adj", "iffy1adj" ; :wordnet "chancy", "flukey", "fluky", "iffy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fluky'' is a subattribute of 'Variable' characterizing Actions and behaviors and outcomes of Events, performed by people or machines that are to some extent unpredictable. This differs from theancestor ''Unpredictable'' in being for behaviors that tend to be similar at different times, but for unknowable reasons may suddenly vary from the norm.more than once and unexpectedly. NOTE: the term 'flaky' is also used in this sense,but is notin WN in this sense. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fluky' in Wordnet: 1. chancy, fluky, flukey, iffy - (subject to accident or chance or change; 'a chancy appeal at best'; 'getting that job was definitely fluky'; 'a fluky wind'; 'an iffy proposition') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Erratic, :Variable . :Fluorescent :isAnAttributeValueOf :Fluorite ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Ironing ; :wnsense "fluorescent1adj" ; :wordnet "fluorescent" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fluorescent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fluorescent - (emitting light during exposure to radiation from an external source) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :FluorescentLightBulb :en "fluorescent light bulb" ; :guid "be7aeba0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "electric-discharge lamp1n", "gas-discharge lamp1n" ; :wordnet "electric-discharge lamp", "gas-discharge lamp" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A straight or coiled tube of glass or quartz coated on the inside with a fluorescent substance that gives off visible light when irradiated with X-rays, that fluoresces when provided with current that generates X-rays (usually from mercury vapor), thus generating light. This includes long straight bulbs and small coiled compact fluorescent ones. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gas-discharge lamp' in WordNet: 1. electric-discharge lamp, gas-discharge lamp - (an electric lamp in which the light comes from an electric discharge between two electrodes in a glass tube) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ElectricalLightingDevice, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :LightEmittingComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, :RigidObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glass ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluorescentSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UltravioletRadiation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :FluorescentSubstance :en "fluorescent substance" ; :enn "fluorescent substance" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Fluorescent ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A ''FluorescentSubstance'' is any ''PhysicalSubstance'' that will fluoresce when irradiated with some form of radiation, usually Ultraviolet Light. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :Fluorine :guid "bd58fc28-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "9"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "F2n", "fluorine1n" ; :wordnet "F", "fluorine" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fluorine'' is the element having atomic number 9. NOTE: in CYC this is a 'piece' of Fluorine - different sage: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of fluorine in stuffeous form (could be solid, liquid, gaseous, etc.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fluorine' in WordNet: 1. (3) fluorine, F, atomic number 9 - (a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas, :Halogen, :NonMetal . :Fluorite :containsChemicalElement :Fluorine ; :guid "bdb36e67-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CaF2 ; :hasHardnessInMohs "4"^^xsd:int ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :CalciumFluoride ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Fluorescent ; :isaSourceOf :Fluorine ; :wnsense "fluor1n", "fluorite1n", "fluorspar1n" ; :wordnet "fluor", "fluorite", "fluorspar" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :MineralType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fluorite' in WordNet: 1. fluorite, fluorspar, fluor - (a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluorescentSubstance, :Mineral . :Flushing :en "flushing" ; :wnsense "flush5v", "purge5v", "scour4v" ; :wordnet "flush", "purge", "scour" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Flushing' is a ''RinsingEvent'' in which the cleaning action is caused by the force of moving water, not just by diluting the contaminants in water. NOTE: @ToDo: unclear at this point how to express the force of moving water. This includes rinsing surfaces, as well as flushing a toilet or other container. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 5 of 'flush' in WordNet: 5. flush, scour, purge - (rinse, clean, or empty with a liquid; 'flush the wound with antibiotics'; 'purge the old gas tank') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RinsingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :Flute :guid "c10aed35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flute1n", "transverse flute1n" ; :wordnet "flute", "transverse flute" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Simple WoodwindInstrument, held almost horizontally with the mouth near the center not the end, and not blown *into*, but played by blowing *across* a hole at one end. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flute' in WordNet: 1. (1) flute, transverse flute - (a high-pitched woodwind instrument; a slender tube closed at one end with finger holes on one end and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalHollowObject, :WoodwindInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FingerHole ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ] . :Fluttering :wnsense "flutter1n", "flutter2v", "waver3n", "waver5v" ; :wordnet "flutter", "waver" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Fluttering' is an Event in which a flexible or jointed PhysicalObject is fixed in some location by one side or point, and the free end moves back and forth, usually driven by some air current. (for a rigid object like a loose window shutter, a similar motion would be 'flapping', not yet represented). This includes the 'fluttering' of a flag on a flagpole, but that should have a separate more specific subtype. 'Flicker' is a subtype used for candle flames. (The 'flicker' of an electric light that goes on and off in rapid succession is a different type, not a form of motion.) Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'flutter' in WordNet: 2. (1) flicker, waver, flitter, flutter, quiver - (move back and forth very rapidly; 'the candle flickered') WN noun 'flutter': 1. (1) waver, flutter, flicker - (the act of moving back and forth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :MotionInPlace . :Fly :guid "bd58da19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fly" ; :wnsense "fly1n" ; :wordnet "fly" ; a :ArthropodType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'Fly-Insect' in Cyc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fly' in WordNet: 1. (6) fly - (two-winged insects characterized by active flight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect, :Scavenger, :Vermin . :FlyBall :wnsense "fly ball1n", "fly4n" ; :wordnet "fly", "fly ball" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FlyBall'' is a 'PropellingaBall' where the ball propelled is a ''BaseballBall'' and the initial vector is upward ('skyward'). NOTE: some conflation here (and in baseball lingo) of the hitting the ball and the arc of the ball that is hit (may be specified as long') . @ToDo: disentangle! Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fly ball' in WordNet: 1. fly, fly ball - ((baseball) a hit that flies up in the air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropellingaBall, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HittingaBaseballWithaBat ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballBall ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sky ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ] . :FlyBallBlast :en "long ball", "long fly ball" ; :wnsense "blast1n" ; :wordnet "blast" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlyBallBlast'' is a hard hit ''FlyBall'' that travels to the outfield or over the wall. Contrast with 'blooper' or 'popup'. A 'long ball'. NOTE: some conflation here of the hitting the ball and the arc of the ball that is hit (specified as long') . @ToDo: disentangle! Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blast' in WordNet: 1. (2) blast - (a very long fly ball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlyBall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FlySwatter :wnsense "flyswat1n", "flyswatter1n", "swatter1n" ; :wordnet "flyswat", "flyswatter", "swatter" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fly swatter' in WordNet: 1. swatter, flyswatter, flyswat - (an implement with a flat part (of mesh or plastic) and a long handle; used to kill insects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rod ; owl:onProperty :hasApproximateShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlyswatterBlade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "20"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "70"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwattingInsects ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Flycatcher :guid "bf33af0e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "New World flycatcher1n", "Old World flycatcher1n", "flycatcher1n", "flycatcher2n", "true flycatcher1n", "tyrant bird1n", "tyrant flycatcher1n" ; :wordnet "New World flycatcher", "Old World flycatcher", "flycatcher", "true flycatcher", "tyrant bird", "tyrant flycatcher" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes OldWorld and New World 'flycatchers' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flycatcher' in WordNet: 1. Old World flycatcher, true flycatcher, flycatcher - (any of a large group of small songbirds that feed on insects taken on the wing) 2. New World flycatcher, flycatcher, tyrant flycatcher, tyrant bird - (large American birds that characteristically catch insects on the wing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PasseriformBird . :Flying :wnsense "flying1adj", "flying5adj" ; :wordnet "flying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Flying'' is being''Airborne'' by some Action that keeps an object in the air - flapping wings or soaring on currents for birds, propeller or ject or rocjet propulsion for devices. 'gliding' is a borderline case only if the gliding is started by some propulsion mechanism, rather than jumping from a height. Corresponds to parts of adjective senses 1 and 5 of 'flying' ('engaged in' and 'unidentified flying objects' - actually engaged in flight, not merely capable of it) - in Wordnet: 1. (1) flying - (capable of or engaged in flight; 'the bat is a flying animal') 5. flying - (of or relating to passage through the air (especially aviation); 'a flying time of three hours between cities'; 'unidentified flying objects') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Airborne . :FlyingAction :en "flying" ; :guid "c0ed0acd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "flight", "fly" ; :wnsense "flight1n", "flight9n", "fly1v", "fly9v" ; :wordnet "flight", "fly" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this sense of 'flying' includes any action in which an object causes itself to remain above the ground and move under its own power, not being propelled only by air currents. This includes hovering like a hovercraft or a drone or a hummingbird. CYC: The collection of all events of sustainable locomotion of an object through the air or other piece of free space. The #$providerOfMotiveForce must be able to remain aloft as long as it doesn't tire out or exhaust its fuel supply. Thus jumping and falling do not count, nor do instances of propelling in which the force is provided for a short duration, after which the moving object follows a ballistic trajectory (as modified by any aerodynamic effects). A glider released from a mother plane and sustaining itself without power is not 'FlyingAction', but 'Gliding'. Bullets and cannonballs do not 'fly'. SUMO: Any instance of Translocation which is through an AtmosphericRegion and which is powered by the wings of an Animal or some propulsive force generated by an artifact. NOTE that this sense subsumes and includes any 'flight' in an air transportation device (see the sybtype 'FlightViaAirTransportationDevice'). For noun sense 9 of 'flight', a future scheduled 'flight' as well as completed fllights are included; the future flight exists only in a possible world until it is actually executed, then exists in our real world. Includes verb senses 1 and 9 of 'fly' and noun senses 2 and 9 of 'flight'. For sense 9 use the subtype 'FlightViaAirTransportationDevice' in WordNet: 1. (33) fly, wing - (travel through the air; be airborne; 'Man cannot fly') 9. (1) fly - (travel in an airplane; 'she is flying to Cincinnati tonight'; 'Are we driving or flying?') WN noun 'flight': 2. (6) flight, flying - (an instance of traveling by air; 'flying was still an exciting adventure for him') 9. flight - (a scheduled trip by plane between designated airports; 'I took the noon flight to Chicago') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocomotionProcess, :MovementThroughAir . :FlyingAirplane :en "airplane in flight", "flying airplane" ; :enn "airplane in flight", "flying airplane" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlyingAirplane'' is an ''Airplane'' that is moving through the Atmosphere, whether or not it still has power - potentially just gliding. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Airplane, :FlyingObject . :FlyingObject :en "flying object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlyingObject'' is any ''PhysicalObject'' that is moving through the Atmosphere, whether under its own power of being blown by the wind or being towed, or moving ballistically after having been propelled, or falling from outer space. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlyingAction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :FlyingSquad :wnsense "flying squad1n" ; :wordnet "flying squad" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flying squad' in WordNet: 1. flying squad - (a mobile group of trained people (police or executives or officials) able to move quickly in the case of emergencies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Team, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Responding ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :FlyingWithWings a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FlyingWithWings'' is a ''Flying'' that is performed by an animal that can use the flapping of ''Wing''s to cause itself to move through the air. This is not for gliding by gravity, as in a 'flying squirrel'. Corresponds to *part* of verb sense 1 of 'fly' in WordNet: 1. (33) fly, wing - (travel through the air; be airborne; 'Man cannot fly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirTransportationEvent, :AnimalActivity, :FlyingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Bird :Insect ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wing ; owl:onProperty :requiredBodypart ] . :FlyswatterBlade :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade8n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FlyswatterBlade'' is the broad flat flexible end of a ''Flyswatter'' that impacts and usually kills an insect (usually one sitting one a flat surface) when the . ''Flyswatter'' is used for ''Swatting'' the insect. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlySwatter ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlySwatter ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Netting ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "13"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ] . :Flywheel :guid "bf64dd07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flywheel1n" ; :wordnet "flywheel" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Flywheel'' is a''RegulatorDevice'' that, among other things, moderates the irregularity in rate of rotation in devices driven by a reciprocating engine (gasoline or diesel or steam), by storing energy in the form of angular momentum. There are energy storage devices whose primary purpose is to store energy in the form of angular momentum, and the rotating component of that device can be considered as a subtype of this ''Flywheel''. CYC: the collection of #$Wheels used inside of engines to store energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flywheel' in WordNet: 1. flywheel - (regulator consisting of a heavy wheel that stores kinetic energy and smooths the operation of a reciprocating engine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnergyStorageDevice, :RegulatorDevice, :Wheel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotation ; owl:onProperty :controls ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AngularMomentum ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKept ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heavy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Foal :wnsense "foal1n" ; :wordnet "foal" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Foal'' is a young Horse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foal' in WordNet: 1. foal - (a young horse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Horse, :JuvenileAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Young ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Focal :pertainsTo :FocalInfection, :FocalPoint ; :wnsense "focal1adj", "focal2adj" ; :wordnet "focal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Focal' is an attribute of something that in some sense is the center of activities or the point of convergence of light rays or some kind of linear motion, Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'focal' in Wordnet: 1. (3) focal - (having or localized centrally at a focus; 'focal point'; 'focal infection') 2. focal - (of or relating to a focus; 'focal length') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :FocalInfection :wnsense "focal infection1n" ; :wordnet "focal infection" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'focal infection' in WordNet: 1. focal infection - (bacterial infection limited to a specific organ or region especially one causing symptoms elsewhere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection . :FocalPoint :wnsense "focal point1n", "focus6n" ; :wordnet "focal point", "focus" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FocalPoint'' is a 'RelativePoint' that is the location in space where light rays refracted by a lens converge to produce the sharpest image of the scene beyond the lens from which those light rays come. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'focal point' in WordNet: 1. (2) focus, focal point - (a point of convergence of light (or other radiation) or a point from which it diverges) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativePoint . :Focused :isAnAttributeValueOf :OpticalDevice ; :wnsense "focused1adj" ; :wordnet "focused" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'focused' in WordNet: 1. (1) focused - (of an optical system (e.g. eye or opera glasses) adjusted to produce a clear image) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distinct . :Fodder :ldoce "feed" ; :wnsense "feed1n", "fodder1n" ; :wordnet "feed", "fodder" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'AnimalFood' given in large quantities to farm animals, rather than to individual domestic pets. SUMO: Fodder is the subclass of Food that is intended for instances of DomesticAnimal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fodder' in WordNet: 1. fodder - (coarse food (especially for cattle and horses) composed of entire plants or the leaves and stalks of a cereal crop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalFood . :Fog :guid "bd58e147-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fog1n" ; :wordnet "fog" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of clouds (instances of #$CloudOfH2O) that cover a #$GeographicalRegion at ground-level. SUMO: Any WaterCloud that is in contact with the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fog' in Wordnet: 1. (18) fog - (droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mist, :WaterCloud, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :LocationType :GeographicalArea ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAbove-Touching ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ground ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FogDroplet ; owl:minCardinality "100000"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :FogDroplet :en "fog droplet" ; :enn "fog droplet" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'FogDroplet' is a single drop of Water that is suspended in the atmosphere as part of a ''Fog''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :Droplet, :PrecipitationParticle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fog ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Foggy :guid "bd58e5f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :EarthsAtmosphere ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Fog ; :wnsense "brumous1adj", "foggy1adj", "hazy1adj", "misty1adj" ; :wordnet "brumous", "foggy", "hazy", "misty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An instance of #$OutdoorLocationByWeatherType. Each instance of #$Foggy is an instance of #$OutdoorLocation covered by a ground-level cloud. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'foggy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) brumous, foggy, hazy, misty - (filled or abounding with fog or mist; 'a brumous October morning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeatherAttributeValue . :Foldable :guid "5ed469d2-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Folding ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Folding ; :wnsense "foldable1adj", "foldaway1adj", "folding1adj" ; :wordnet "foldable", "foldaway", "folding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A physical attribute. #$Foldable is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of being foldable in a flexible way, like towels or paper. Note a distinction between #$Foldable objects and #$Collapsible objects: #$Collapsible objects are #$Rigid objects collapsed by means of #$HingedJoints, while #$Foldable objects are flexible overall. COSMOnote: This means being flexible enough to be folded or crumpled up by typical human hands. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'foldable' in Wordnet; (a 'foldable' bed is not a subtype - that would be ''Collapsible'): in WordNet: 1. foldable, foldaway, folding - (capable of being folded up and stored; 'a foldaway bed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bendable . :FoldableObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An object that can be folded." ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foldable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Folded :en "folded" ; :enadj "folded" ; :ened "folded" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Layers ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Folding ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Folded'' is the attribute of an Object that has experienced a ''Folding'' Event and as a result has at least two ''Layer''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Layered, :PastParticiple . :Folder :wnsense "folder1n" ; :wordnet "folder" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Folder'' is a ''Binder'' that is soft and flexible and may or may not be closable, but is used to organize and protect documents of paper sheets. Typical type is the manila folder. More complex is the subtype ''OrganizerFolder''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'folder' in WordNet: 2. folder - (covering that is folded over to protect the contents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Binder, :Covering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaperDocument ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Folding :guid "bd59014b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fold" ; :wnsense "fold1v", "folding1n", "folding3n" ; :wordnet "fold", "folding" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which something bends over on itself rather sharply. NOTE that the biological sense of 'folding' applied to proteins is also represented as a distinct subtype 'ProteinFolding'. The difference between this and subtype 'Compacting' is that this type will include any Action that reduces the volume or surface area, and could be any action on an intentionally designed compactable or 'collapsible' object with flexible joints or pockets into which part can be inserted, as in an extendable rod (e.g. selfie stick). of an Object, while 'Compacting' suggests some bending of a flexible or semi-rigid part of the object. For artifacts that are designed to be reducible in size ( as in 'FoldingChair' and umbrella) , use ''Collapsing'' SUMO: Bending something in such a way that one part of it covers another part. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fold' and noun senses 1 and 3 of 'folding' in WordNet: 1. (5) fold, fold up, turn up - (bend or lay so that one part covers the other; 'fold up the newspaper'; 'turn up your collar') WN noun 'folding' (see subtype ''ProtinFolding''): 1. protein folding, folding - (the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape; 'understanding protein folding is the next step in deciphering the genetic code') 3. fold, folding - (the act of folding; 'he gave the napkins a double fold') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingSomethingMoreCompact . :FoldingChair :wnsense "folding chair1n" ; :wordnet "folding chair" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chair'' that can be folded up (usually into a planar shape) for portability or compactness. RHW: 'a chair that can be collapsed flat for easy storage or transport.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'folding chair' in Wordnet: 1. (1) folding chair - (a chair that can be folded flat for storage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chair, :FoldableObject . :FoldingUmbrella :wnsense "umbrella1n" ; :wordnet "umbrella" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoldingUmbrella'' is an ''Umbrella'' that can be collapsed to form a smaller, portable object. Most Umbrellas can be folded, but not all make ''PortableObject''s when folded. NOTE that the parent 'umbrella' has the same WN synset. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'umbrella' in WordNet: 1. (2) umbrella - (a lightweight handheld collapsible canopy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollapsibleArtifact, :PortableObject, :Umbrella, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shade ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Foliage :wnsense "foliage1n", "leafage1n" ; :wordnet "foliage", "leafage" ; a :GroupType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The term 'foliage' is usually used for the leaves on a single plant, but can refer to all the leaves on plants in some particular area. Includes two sense of RHW 'foliage': 1. the leaves of a plant, collectively; leafage. 2. leaves in general. Corresponds to part (collective,not singular) noun sense 1 of 'foliage' in WordNet: 1. (6) leaf, leafage, foliage - (the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leaf ; owl:minCardinality "4" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :FolkDancing :wnsense "folk dance1n", "folk dance1v", "folk dancing1n" ; :wordnet "folk dance", "folk dancing" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FolkDancing'' is a form of ''SocialDancing'' that is a ''CulturalPractice'', originating with or distinctive to some specific human culture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'folk dancing' in WordNet: 1. folk dancing, folk dance - (a style of dancing that originated among ordinary people (not in the royal courts)) WN noun 'folk dance': 1. folk dance - (perform a folk-dance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalPractice, :SocialDancing . :FolkMusic :wnsense "ethnic music1n", "folk music1n", "folk4n" ; :wordnet "ethnic music", "folk", "folk music" ; a :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'folk music' in WordNet: 1. (1) folk music, ethnic music, folk - (the traditional and typically anonymous music that is an expression of the life of people in a community) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopularMusic . :Folklore :wnsense "folklore1n" ; :wordnet "folklore" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'folklore' in WordNet: 1. (27) folklore - (the unwritten literature (stories and proverbs and riddles and songs) of a culture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tradition ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Folkloric :en "folkloric" ; :enadj "folkloric" ; :pertainsTo :Folklore ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No WN sense. RHW 'folkloric': based on or resembling folklore: folkloric music. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :Traditional . :Folks :wnsense "folks1n" ; :wordnet "folks" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A term referring to one's own parents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'folks' in Wordnet: 1. (1) folks - (your parents; 'he wrote to his folks every day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KinshipGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Parent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Follow-up :en "follow-up" ; :enadj "follow-up" ; :pertainsTo :Chemotherapy ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No WN adjective sense. RHW adj 'follow-up': 4. designed or serving to follow up, esp. to increase the effectiveness of a previous action: a follow-up interview; a follow-up offer. 5. of or pertaining to action that follows an initial treatment, course of study, etc.: follow-up care for mental patients; a follow-up survey. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Follower :wnsense "follower1n" ; :wordnet "follower" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Follower''is a Person who 'follows' the lead of a ''Leader'', i.e. performs a ''FollowingTheLeadOfAnother'' Action (which see.). This is broadly applicable to many types of action, and can be done by being compelled, or grudgingly, or willingly, or gladly. depending on the situation. The type of 'following' is very context and situation dependent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'follower' in WordNet: 1. (7) follower - (a person who accepts the leadership of another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FollowingTheLeadOfAnother ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :FollowingMotion :ldoce "chase", "follow", "track" ; :wnsense "chase1v", "follow1v", "following2n", "pursuit1n", "track3v", "trail2v" ; :wordnet "chase", "follow", "following", "pursuit", "track", "trail" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The motion of an object, usually an animal, in which it traverses a path close to that of another object, but traverses the same points on the path at a later time. This may be intentional, unintentional, or natural. For intentional following with the intention of catching up (or catching), use 'ChasingSomething'. Includes verb sense 1 of 'follow', verb sense 3 of 'track', verb sense 2 of 'trail' and sense 1 of 'chase' in WordNet; for the sense of 'chasing' use 'ChasingSomething'. in WordNet: 1. (75) follow - (to travel behind, go after, come after; 'The ducklings followed their mother around the pond'; 'Please follow the guide through the museum') WN verb 'track: 3. (1) chase, chase after, trail, tail, tag, give chase, dog, go after, track - (go after with the intent to catch; 'The policeman chased the mugger down the alley'; 'the dog chased the rabbit') WN noun 'following': 2. pursuit, chase, pursual, following - (the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture; 'the culprit started to run and the cop took off in pursuit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion . :FollowingTheLeadOfAnother :wnsense "follow18v" ; :wordnet "follow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FollowingTheLeadOfAnother'' is a ''BehaviorTowardOthers'' which os performed by a Person who accepts (more or less willingly) the lead of another Person (a ''Leader'') and conforms to he desres or orders of that ''Leader''. - following a leader. NOTE: This is broadly applicable to many types of action, and can be done by being compelled, or grudgingly, or willingly, or gladly. depending on the situation. The type of 'following' is very context and situation dependent. This is performed by a ''Follower''. Corresponds to verb sense 18 of 'follow' in WordNet: 18. follow - (accept and follow the leadership or command or guidance of; 'Let's follow our great helmsman!'; 'She followed a guru for years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorTowardOthers, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom :Leader ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Follower ] . :FollowingUpAnAction :wnsense "follow up2v", "follow-up2n", "followup2n" ; :wordnet "follow up", "follow-up", "followup" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'follow up' in WordNet: 2. follow up - (increase the effectiveness or success of by further action; 'The doctor followed up the surgery with radiation') WN noun 'follow-up': 2. follow-up, followup - (an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Resuming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Fomite :wnsense "fomite1n", "vehicle4n" ; :wordnet "fomite", "vehicle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fomite' is a specialized term found in the higher levels of WordNet, corresponding to sense 1 of 'fomite' in RHW: any agent, as clothing or bedding, that is capable of absorbing and transmitting the infecting organism of a disease. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'fomite' in WordNet: 1. fomite, vehicle - (any inanimate object (as a towel or money or clothing or dishes or books or toys etc.) that can transmit infectious agents from one person to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortableObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infectious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InfectiousAgent ; owl:onProperty :contains ] . :Fond :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Affection ; :ldoce "fond" ; :wnsense "affectionate1adj", "fond1adj", "lovesome1adj" ; :wordnet "affectionate", "fond", "lovesome" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Affection (synonym: fondness) (for something or someone). This is linguistically expressed with the word 'of' after 'fond' or 'toward' for 'affectionate' - as in 'Jack is fond of Mary' - or in the case of 'affectionate' 'Jack is affectionate toward Mary'. This is a subtype of 'tender', which can be brief, and this is intended to be the attribute of a more lasting fondness. See aso ''Tender'' for another related attribute sharing some of the labels of this synset. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'fond' in WordNet: 1. (3) affectionate, caring, fond, lovesome, tender, warm - (having or displaying warmth or affection; 'affectionate children'; 'caring parents'; 'a fond embrace'; 'fond of his nephew'; 'a tender glance'; 'a warm embrace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tender . :FondlingSomething :wnsense "fondle1v", "stroke1v" ; :wordnet "fondle", "stroke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FondlingSomething' is an Action in which a person intentionally and gently touches or handles something - an object or a part of an Object, including another Person or oneself. NOTE: this 'touching' can include 'handling' in the sense of holding something in the hand and turning or moving it so as to see and feel its properties. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fondle' in WordNet: 1. stroke, fondle - (touch lightly and with affection, with brushing motions; 'He stroked his long beard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingWithTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :gently ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :Fondue :guid "c156b078-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fondu2n", "fondue2n" ; :wordnet "fondu", "fondue" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the ''Fondue'' that has melted cheese or chocolate used as a dip. This is notjust the dip itself,but the combination of the dip and the thing (usually bread) dipped into it. This is a ''FoodObject' that is some quantity of that type of food. CYC: #$Fondues are usually made of melted #$Cheese mixed with a little #$Wine which is then eaten by dipping cube-shaped pieces of #$Bread in the #$Mixture. Specific cookware and utensils can be bought for making #$Fondue recipes: a type of pot to heat the ingredients that are to be melted and long fork-like spears used for spearing and dipping the #$Bread, #$Meat, fruit, or other items. Besides the traditional #$Cheese #$Fondue, there are many other types, such as #$Chocolate #$Fondues into which one typically dips #$EdibleFruits. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fondue' in WordNet: 2. fondue, fondu - (hot cheese or chocolate melted to the consistency of a sauce into which bread or fruits are dipped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood, :Food-ReadyToEat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :FondueConstituentType ] . :FondueConstituentType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FondueConstituentType'' is a ''FoodType'' used to specify possible consitutents of ''Fondue. This is added because of the inability of Pellet reasoner to handle the 'owl:oneOf'' structure, and to allow use of Pellet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodType . :Food :guid "bd58bd8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "food" ; :wnsense "food1n", "food2n" ; :wordnet "food" ; a :FoodType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Food is a collective term denoting any substance that is eaten by animals for nourishment, or can be eaten for nourishment. NOTE that Food is a subtype of 'EdibleStuff' which has been redefined from the Cyc meaning to exclude liquids, and include only organic materials. For drinkable stuff see ''Beverage''. 'Food' in COSMO is a substance, not a PhysicalObject. For the PhysicalObjects that consist of Food substances, see 'FoodObject'. Cyc comment: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$FoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$Food is a particular portion of food of a type which can be, and habitually is, eaten by humans or other animals. Here the notion of _eating_ is important; eating an instance of #$Food will generally require biting or chewing, but if placed into the mouth (e.g. with a utensil) in a manner not considered to be drinking, it is still considered eating. Thus, edible stuff normally taken in via drinking, inhalation, or osmosis is excluded from this collection. A borderline example is a bowl of bouillon, which, although it can be drunk from the bowl is normally ''eaten'' with a spoon; a borderline non-example is a very thick milkshake, which may be eaten with a spoon, but is normally drunk (possibly using a straw) from a glass. Instances of #$Food provide calories and/or nutrients that humans or animals need. The specifically solid food is subtype 'SolidFood'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 (liquid and solid) of 'food' in WordNet: 1. (34) food, nutrient - (any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue) 2. food, solid food - (any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment; 'food and drink') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodOrDrink, :Nutrient, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Food-ReadyToEat :en "ready to eat food", "ready-to-eat food" ; :guid "bd58cc94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: we use a narrower interpretation than Cyc, as a solid food object, so it is an object, not a substance, and liquids are excluded. This can be any kind of ready to eat food, including fruit which is freshly plucked from a tree and needs no preparation. Warning! This term was redefined from Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of (#$FoodOrDrinkForFn #$Person). Each instance of #$Food-ReadyToEat is food that is edible more or less in its current state, without further elaborate preparation. Instances of #$Food-ReadyToEat can require unwrapping, cutting, pouring, buttering, or cooling before being consumed, but not cooking or other complex or sophisticated preparation that is typically done in a kitchen or other food-preparation area rather than at the table or site of consumption. If a cook would inspect an item and pronounce it done, that item is probably an instance of #$Food-ReadyToEat.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :OrganicObject, :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReadyToEat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FoodBearingOrganism a :NaturalResourceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoodBearingOrganism'' is any Organism of which part can be removed and used as Food. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalResource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :FoodConcoction :wnsense "concoction1n", "intermixture1n", "mixture2n" ; :wordnet "concoction", "intermixture", "mixture" ; a :FoodType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'concoction' in WordNet: 1. concoction, mixture, intermixture - (any foodstuff made by combining different ingredients; 'he volunteered to taste her latest concoction'; 'he drank a mixture of beer and lemonade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, :Mixture . :FoodEnergy :en "caloric content", "calories" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The usable caloric content of food, releasable by biochemical reactions in an organism. This is not a quantity of food energy, but the 'energy substance' making up the energy of food. The 'calory count' provided on the label of foods is one of the forms of energy that is contained in food. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalEnergy . :FoodGarnish :wnsense "garnish1n" ; :wordnet "garnish" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoodGarnish'' is a ''Food'' that is added on top of (''Topping'') or alongside ''FoodObject''s to enhance taste by adding edible things, or just to improve the appearance of a dish. it should be edible, even if it usually isn't eaten. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garnish' in Wordnet: 1. garnish - (something (such as parsley) added to a dish for flavor or decoration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food . :FoodGlaze :wnsense "glaze1n" ; :wordnet "glaze" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoodGlaze'' is a ''CoatingMaterial'' that is a ''FoodGarnish'' that is added on top or on all sides of a ''FoodObject''. For objects with with a or cake or pastry base the glaze is uaually sweet. It is applied as a thin layer in semiliquid form and when it hardens typically form a a shiny shell. Some ''FoodGlaze''s may be applied to meat or bread. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glaze' in WordNet: 1. glaze - (any of various thin shiny (savory or sweet) coatings applied to foods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoatingMaterial, :FoodGarnish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :FoodGroup :guid "bd589d1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ConventionalClassificationType and hence a collection of collections. Each instance of #$FoodGroup is a collection of foodstuffs classified according to their nutritional content. Instances of #$FoodGroup include #$DairyProduct, #$CerealFood, #$FruitAndVegetableFood, #$MeatAndLegumeFood.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistingStuffType, :Food . :FoodIngredientOnly :guid "bd58da2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE; EdibleStuff is now organic, so salt would not be EdibleStuff. This type is redefined as a subtype of FoodOrDrink, not of 'EdbielStuff' so that it can include salts. Cyc: A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each instance of #$FoodIngredientOnly is an edible substance that is used in making other food but isn't eaten by itself. Instances of #$FoodIngredientOnly may or may not require some preparation. For example, #$TableSalt, #$VegetableOil, and #$Ketchup are specializations of #$FoodIngredientOnly, since all of their instances are used only as ingredients or condiments. In contrast, #$Egg-Chickens is not a specialization of #$FoodIngredientOnly; some of its instances serve as ingredients in cooking other dishes, but other instances are simply eaten after poaching or frying. Types of food, such as #$Pizza, whose instances are never merely ingredients, are specializations of #$Food.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodOrDrink . :FoodIsReady a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'FoodIsReady' is a 'ProcessStage' that is the last stage of a 'CookingFood' Event. NOTE that this is an ''Action'', because it is one 'step' in a sequence of Actions in eecuting a Procedure - though the agent may be doing little or nothing at this point. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinalState, :ProcessIsCompleted, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CookingFood ] . :FoodMixer :wnsense "mixer4n" ; :wordnet "mixer" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoodMixer'' is any ''KitchenUtensil'' used in mixing food components together. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'mixer' in WordNet: 4. mixer - (a kitchen utensil that is used for mixing foods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KitchenUtensil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparingFoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MixingSubstances ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :FoodObject :guid "be995b13-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FoodObject is a PhysicalObject, solid or liquid, which consists mostly of Food, which is a substance. This is not for raw vegetables or food animals such as ''FoodFish'' - this is for an Object prepared to be eaten. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleObject, :OrganicMaterialObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodType ] . :FoodObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FoodObjectType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''FoodObject'' to allow the type to be used an argument restriction for the relations on ''FoodObject''s . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObjectType . :FoodOnTheTable :en "food on the table" ; a :FoodObjectType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FoodOnTheTable'' is the ''Supply'' of food put on a table while Dining, available to be eaten unless replenished by additional food being put on the table. This stretches the notion of a ''Supply'' to short-lived supplies, and is here mostly to expand the notion of ''Supply'' for use with 'consuming a supply'. This food does not necessarily have to be on a literal table, but is the food served and ready to eat. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, :Supply, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:onProperty :isThePlaceOfOriginOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dining ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :FoodOrDrink :guid "bd58e69c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aliment1n", "alimentation1n", "nourishment1n", "nutriment1n", "nutrition2n", "sustenance1n", "victuals2n" ; :wordnet "aliment", "alimentation", "nourishment", "nutriment", "nutrition", "sustenance", "victuals" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is not a specialiation of EdibleStuff, as we redefine edible stuff as Organic. In the Cyc terminology,this would be 'EdibleOrDrinkableStuff'. The problem is that 'EdibleStuff' can be poisonous, so it is not the same as Food. This type should be made disjoint from Poisonous stuff. NOTE: Food would be a 'ConsumableProduct' if all Food were commercial products, but some foods are not commercially produced. Cyc: A specialization of #$EdibleStuff (q.v.). Each instance of #$FoodOrDrink is a substance which instances of some type of organism (that is, some sub-collection of #$Organism-Whole) normally consume a significant part of. Important specializations of #$FoodOrDrink include #$Food (instances of which require chewing in order to be consumed) and #$Drink (instances of which are liquids that can be consumed without chewing). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'nutriment' in Wordnet: 1. nutriment, nourishment, nutrition, sustenance, aliment, alimentation, victuals - (a source of materials to nourish the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nutritious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice :en "food or drink preparation device" ; :guid "bd588d6a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice is a device designed to be used in the preparation of food or drink. Specializations of #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice include #$CoffeeMaker, #$SpiceMill, and #$ElectricalToaster.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparingFoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :FoodOven :guid "bd5899ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oven1n" ; :wordnet "oven" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The kind of ''Oven'' in which food is baked, typically functioning as a ''HouseholdAppliance''. This is more similar to the SUMO'oven'. SUMO: A HeatingDevice with a door for inserting and removing Food that is to be baked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oven' in Wordnet: 1. (2) oven - (kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HouseholdAppliance, :Oven, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BakingFood ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ] . :FoodPatty :wnsense "cake2n", "patty1n" ; :wordnet "cake", "patty" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SolidFoodObject'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patty' in WordNet: 1. patty, cake - (small flat mass of chopped food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :FoodPoisoning :wnsense "food poisoning1n" ; :wordnet "food poisoning" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FoodPoisoning'' is a ''PoisoningCondition'' caused by ingesting some ''Food'' that has some component poison or contaminating organisms that produce a poison. Some mushrooms can cause this without contaminating micoorganisms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'food poisoning' in WordNet: 1. food poisoning, gastrointestinal disorder - (illness caused by poisonous or contaminated food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoisoningCondition . :FoodPortion :wnsense "helping1n", "portion7n", "serving1n" ; :wordnet "helping", "portion", "serving" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A prepared ''FoodObject'' consisting of some indefinite quantity of ''Food'' not too large to be eaten by one Person at one sitting. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'portion' in WordNet: 7. helping, portion, serving - (an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal; 'the helpings were all small'; 'his portion was larger than hers'; 'there's enough for two servings each') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparedFood . :FoodPreparationChange a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'FoodPreparationChange' is a Change in some food object that changes it either from not ready to eat to ready to eat, or from less convenient to more convenient to eat. PreparingFoodOrDrink is a very general type including almost any kind of 'preparation', and this type represents the most general type. A More specific type would be, for example the change caused by 'CookingFood', in which the food item goes from raw to cooked. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Improvement . :FoodProcessor :guid "bd58b1ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "food processor1n" ; :wordnet "food processor" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of electrical food processors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'food processor' in WordNet: 1. food processor - (a kitchen appliance with interchangeable blades; used for shredding or blending or chopping or slicing food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, :Processor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :processes ] . :FoodProduct :wnsense "food product1n", "foodstuff2n" ; :wordnet "food product", "foodstuff" ; a :FoodType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoodProduct'' is a Food that has been proessed in someway from its original form or compposition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'food product' in WordNet: 1. foodstuff, food product - (a substance that can be used or prepared for use as food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Food . :FoodProfessional :en "food professional" ; :guid "bd58af0e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$FoodProfessional is a worker whose occupation is to prepare or serve food or drink. Notable specializations of #$FoodProfessional include #$Butcher, #$Brewer, #$Bartender, and #$WaitPerson.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult . :FoodRecipe :wnsense "recipe1n" ; :wordnet "recipe" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FoodRecipe' is a 'Recipe'(a 'Procedure') for preparing Food, usually involving a mixture of ingredients or some form of cooking. This includes the directions for preparing the food as well as the ingeredients. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'recipe' in WordNet: 1. (1) recipe, formula - (directions for making something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recipe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PreparingFoodItem ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :FoodThickener :wnsense "thickener1n" ; :wordnet "thickener" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoodThickener'' is a ''SolidSubstance'' used to make a liquid Food more viscous, to produce the consistency of a semisolid substance. This can be, for example, flour or starch or some material that forms a gel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thickener' in WordNet: 1. thickening, thickener - (any material used to thicken; 'starch is used in cooking as a thickening') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodIngredientOnly, :OrganicSubstance, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thickening ; owl:onProperty :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent ] . :FoodTin :ldoce "tin" ; :wnsense "canister2n", "tin2n" ; :wordnet "canister", "tin" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FoodTin' is a small 'MetalContainer' with a **removable and replaceable** lid, intended to hold DryFood, and small enough to hold in one hand (though it may be too wide to grasp with one hand). A 'can' that can be opened with a can opener and not resealed to its original state is *not* included. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'tin' in Longmans: 3 [countable] a metal container with a lid in which food can be stored: 'a biscuit tin' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tin' and sense 2 of 'canister' in WordNet: WN noun 'tin': 2. canister, cannister, tin - (metal container for storing dry foods such as tea or flour) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerWithTopCap, :MetalContainer, :SmallObject ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:MetalContainer :SmallObject [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DryFood ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainerCap ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] ) ] . :FoodType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """FoodType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of Food (a Substance). This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType . :FoodUtensil :guid "bd58cdce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cutlery2n" ; :wordnet "cutlery" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes utensils used in preparing, serving, and and eating food. For Eating utensils only (knife, fork, spoon) use 'EatingUtensil'. Every such utensil has a Handle; if there are any implements used in preparing or eating food (e.g. a drinking straw) that do not have a handle, they should be categorized in a different type. NOTE: the subtype of ''FoodUtensil'' actualy used in eating is represented by subtype ''Eatingtensil''. Cyc: A specialization of #$HandTool. Each instance of #$FoodUtensil is an implement or container used in preparing or consuming food. Notable specializations of #$FoodUtensil include #$Spoon, #$CarvingKnife, #$CookingUtensil, #$FoodVessel, #$CuttingBoard, and #$ChopStick. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eating utensil' in WordNet: 1. cutlery, eating utensil - (tableware implements for cutting and eating food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :Utensil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :FoodVessel :guid "bd58a35c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ContainerArtifact. Each instance of #$FoodVessel is a portable container designed for holding, storing, or preparing food or drink. Specializations of #$FoodVessel include the collections #$CookingVessel, #$EatingVessel, and #$FoodStorageContainer.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Fool :ldoce "fool" ; :wnsense "fool1n", "muggins1n", "sap2n", "saphead1n", "tomfool1n" ; :wordnet "fool", "muggins", "sap", "saphead", "tomfool" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fool is a Person who lacks good judgment. RHW: 'fool' 1. a silly or stupid person; a person who lacks judgment or sense. Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'fool' in WordNet: 1. (25) fool, sap, saphead, muggins, tomfool - (a person who lacks good judgment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoolishAct ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foolish ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Foolish :isAnAttributeValueOf :Fool, :FoolishAct ; :isTheOppositeOf :Wise ; :ldoce "foolish" ; :wnsense "foolish1adj", "foolish2adj" ; :wordnet "foolish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Foolish' is an attribute of people or actions, characterizing the manner in which people behave, specifically that the behavior is unwise or ill-considered, and performed in a manner showing lack of forethought and poor understanding of the consequences of an action; of actions, poorly considered and unlikely to achieve the intended result.Applied to people, it may only apply to the person with respect to some particular action, and is not necessarily a persistent AttributeValue. This type includes senses 1 and 2 of 'foolish' in RHW: 1. resulting from or showing a lack of sense; ill-considered; unwise: a foolish action, a foolish speech. 2. lacking forethought or caution. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'foolish' in WordNet: 1. (6) foolish - - (devoid of good sense or judgment; 'foolish remarks'; 'a foolish decision') 2. anserine, dopy, dopey, foolish, goosey, goosy, gooselike, jerky - - (having or revealing stupidity; 'ridiculous anserine behavior'; 'a dopey answer'; 'a dopey kid'; 'some fool idea about rewriting authors' books') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unreasonable . :FoolishAct :en "stupid mistake" ; :wnsense "betise1n", "folly2n", "foolishness3n", "imbecility2n", "stupidity2n" ; :wordnet "betise", "folly", "foolishness", "imbecility", "stupidity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FoolishAct' is any of many types of Action that may or does cause harm to the actor or to someone else, also implying that the Agent did not understand that the act would result in harm. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'folly' in WordNet: 2. (1) stupidity, betise, folly, foolishness, imbecility - (a stupid mistake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :MistakenAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foolish ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fool ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] ; owl:disjointWith :WiseAct . :Foolproof :en "surefire" ; :enadj "surefire" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Method ; :wnsense "foolproof1adj", "unfailing1adj" ; :wordnet "foolproof", "unfailing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This term is mostly used for ''Method''s specifying how to do something. Similar to RHW 'surefire' (no WN sense for that word) RHW adj 'surefire': sure to work; foolproof: a surefire moneymaking scheme. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'foolproof' in Wordnet: 1. (1) foolproof, unfailing - (not liable to failure; 'a foolproof identification system'; 'the unfailing sign of an amateur'; 'an unfailing test') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EasyToDo, :EasyToUse . :Foot :guid "bd58be93-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "foot" ; :wnsense "foot5n", "foot8n" ; :wordnet "foot" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the general ''Foot'' of an Animal - for people use subtype ''HumanFoot''. In CYC called 'Foot-AnimalBodyPart': A specialization of #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, and an instance of #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType: the collection of all feet (a foot is a terminal part of a #$Vertebrate's #$Leg, used in locomotion, support, balance, #$Kicking, etc.). Notable specializations of this collection include #$WebbedFoot and #$Paw. Includes senses 5, and 8 of 'foot' in WordNet: 5. (27) animal foot, foot - (the pedal extremity of vertebrates other than human beings) 8. (3) foot, invertebrate foot - (any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leg ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :FootLength :ldoce "foot" ; :wnsense "foot1n" ; :wordnet "foot" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """English length unit equal to 1 foot. This is somewhat duplicative of the instance of 'LengthMeasure', 'OneFoot', and should not be used as an instance of LengthMeasure. @ToDo: should this be here at all?? See also UnitOfMeasure instance 'feet'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foot' in WordNet: 1. (740) foot, ft - (a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard; 'he is six feet tall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :FootRest a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FootRest'' is a small ''Platform' designed to support a Person's foot, not much larger than a human foot.. No sense in WN for this. NOTE: WN 'footrest' is represented by ''FootStool''. RHW: a support for a person's feet, as an attachment to a barber's chair or a dentist's chair """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :Platform, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :FootSole :wnsense "sole3n" ; :wordnet "sole" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sole' in WordNet: 3. sole - (the underside of the foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BottomSide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :FootStool :guid "bd58c365-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "footrest1n", "footstool1n", "ottoman4n", "tuffet1n" ; :wordnet "footrest", "footstool", "ottoman", "tuffet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A type of low stool used to support feet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footstool' in WordNet: 1. footstool, footrest, ottoman, tuffet - (a low seat or a stool to rest the feet of a seated person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :Stool . :Footage :wnsense "footage1n" ; :wordnet "footage" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Footage'' is an abstract ''MovieClip'' that depicts some specific ''Topic'' - often displayed as part of some video broadcast or documentary production, or other discussion that includes that topic of the ''Footage'' shown. In discusing a ''Footage'' the ''Topic'' exhibited in the ''Footage'' is typically mentioned, so the restriction requires specifying the ''Topic'': 'footage of (Topic)'. NOTE: the WN parents of 'footage' suggest that it represents the physical object, but in COSMO conceptual works that have multiple copies are most often represented by the abstract versions, and a specific copy can be represented in relation to the abstract version. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footage' in WordNet: 1. (1) footage - (film that has been shot; 'they had stock footage of lightning, tornados, and hurricanes'; 'he edited the news footage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovieClip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Topic ] . :Football-TheSport :guid "bd58af11-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "football" ; :wnsense "American football1n" ; :wordnet "American football" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sport of American football. This is not a game of football, but the sport generally. European 'football' is labeled as 'Soccer'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'American football' in Wordnet: 1. American football, American football game - (a game played by two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long; teams try to get possession of the ball and advance it across the opponents goal line in a series of (running or passing) plays) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport, :TeamSport . :FootballBack :wnsense "lineman1n", "lineman4n" ; :wordnet "lineman" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FootballBack'' is a ''FootballPlayer'' who participates in a Football game by being behind the line of scrimmage when the ball is 'snapped' at the start of a play, i.e. is *not* a ''FootballLineman'' at the time of that play (though may be at a different time). NOTE: this conflates both the position Role and the player who plays that Role - @ToDo: should be differentiated. Includes both WN senses - the player and the position (Role) that a 'lineman' plays in WordNet: 1. (1) lineman - (one of the players on the line of scrimmage) 4. lineman - (the position of a player on a football team who is stationed on the line of scrimmage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootballPlayer . :FootballBall-American :guid "bd58ff47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "football" ; :wnsense "football2n" ; :wordnet "football" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ball use in American football: a 'pigskin'. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'football' in Wordnet: 2. (2) football - (the inflated oblong ball used in playing American football) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Ball, :Device, :InflatableContainer, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballGame-American ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :FootballField :wnsense "football field1n", "gridiron2n" ; :wordnet "football field", "gridiron" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''FootballField'' is the field on which American Football is played, with a GoalPost at each end. This is the actual playing field not including the end zones. This is problematic because the ''GoalPost''s are not always part of this length of turf. More detail will be needed for precision. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'football field' in WordNet: 1. football field, gridiron - (the playing field on which football is played) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticField, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballGame-American ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :GoalPost ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneHundredYards ; owl:onProperty :hasLength ] . :FootballGame-American :wnsense "American football game1n", "American football1n", "football game1n", "football1n" ; :wordnet "American football", "American football game", "football", "football game" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A game of American football. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'American football game' in WordNet: 1. American football, American football game - (a game played by two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long; teams try to get possession of the ball and advance it across the opponents goal line in a series of (running or passing) plays) WN noun 'football game': 1. football, football game - (any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Football-TheSport ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballBall-American ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlowToTheHead ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :FootballHalftime :en "football halftime" ; :enn "football halftime" ; :wnsense "halftime1n" ; :wordnet "halftime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FootballHalftime'' is a ''Halftime'' in a ''FootballGame-American''. This lasts for more than ten minutes and often has some form of entertainment performance on the field. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'halftime' in WordNet: 1. (1) halftime - (an intermission between the first and second half of a game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Halftime, :MeasurableTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballGame-American ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :FootballInterception :wnsense "interception2n" ; :wordnet "interception" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FootballInterception'' is the act of one Football player grabbing a ''Football'' thrown by a member of the opposing team. This play causes a 'change of possession' of the ball, and puts the defensive team (at the start of the play) on the offensive. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'interception' in WordNet: 2. interception - ((American football) the act of catching a football by a player on the opposing team) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootballPlay, :GrabbingOntoWithHand, :SeizingWhileInTransit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballPass ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballGame-American ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballBall-American ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :FootballLineman :wnsense "lineman1n", "lineman4n" ; :wordnet "lineman" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FootballLineman'' is an ''FootballPlayer'' who participates in a Football game by being on the line of scrimmage when the ball is 'snapped' at the start of a play. NOTE: this conflates both the position Role and the player who plays that Role - @ToDo: should be differentiated. Includes both WN senses - the player and the position (Role) that a 'lineman' plays in WordNet: 1. (1) lineman - (one of the players on the line of scrimmage) 4. lineman - (the position of a player on a football team who is stationed on the line of scrimmage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete . :FootballPass :wnsense "pass3n", "passing game1n", "passing play1n", "passing1n" ; :wordnet "pass", "passing", "passing game", "passing play" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FootballInterception'' is a ''Throwing'' act of one Football player throwing a ''FootballBall-American'' to another player on the same team; the 'pass'may be intercepted by a player on the opposing team. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passing play' in WordNet: 1. pass, passing play, passing game, passing - ((American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate; 'the coach sent in a passing play on third and long') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootballPlay, :Throwing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballGame-American ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballBall-American ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :FootballPlay :wnsense "football play1n" ; :wordnet "football play" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any action taken during a ''FootballGame-American'' that is characteristic of that sport. Not necessarily an 'offensive' move - see ''FootballInterception''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'football play' in WordNet: 1. football play - ((American football) a play by the offensive team) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsPlay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ; owl:someValuesFrom :FootballGame-American ] . :FootballPlayer :wnsense "football player1n", "footballer1n" ; :wordnet "football player", "footballer" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FootballPlayer'' is an ''Athlete'' who participates in a Football game in any of the regulation positions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'football player' in WordNet: 1. (2) football player, footballer - (an athlete who plays American football) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballGame-American ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Footboard :wnsense "footboard1n" ; :wordnet "footboard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is not in WN as a vehicle part,just as generic 'footboard'. *NOT* for the bed part (see ''BedFootboard''). For the vehicle part use subtype ''RunningBoard''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footboard' in WordNet: 1. footboard - (a narrow platform on which to stand or brace the feet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Platform, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :Footfall :isCausedBy :TakingAStep ; :ldoce "footstep", "step" ; :wnsense "footfall1n", "footstep1n", "step7n" ; :wordnet "footfall", "footstep", "step" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sound of a footstep. Footfalls are caused by footsteps ('TakingAStep' in COSMO), but not every footstep produces an audible footfall. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footstep' and sense 1 of 'footfall' and sense 7 of 'step' in WordNet. 1. (4) footfall, footstep, step - (the sound of a step of someone walking; 'he heard footsteps on the porch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :AudibleSound . :Foothill :guid "be00fae4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "foothill1n" ; :wordnet "foothill" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the lower hills (which can be higher than other formations called ''Hill'') that are at the edge part of a ''Montain'' or ''MontainRange''. CYC: a small hill, found between bigger hills or mountains and plains. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foothill' in WordNet: 1. foothill - (a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mountain ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MountainRange ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Foothold :wnsense "foothold2n", "footing3n" ; :wordnet "foothold", "footing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Foothold'' is any solid ''SupportingObject'' sufficiently large and itself well-supported that it can bear the weight of an adult Person. In rock-climbing it can be fairly small, at least large enough to support a Person's ''Heel''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'foothold' in WordNet: 2. foothold, footing - (a place providing support for the foot in standing or climbing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heel ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StandingStillEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Climbing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Footing :wnsense "basis1n", "footing2n", "ground4n" ; :wordnet "basis", "footing", "ground" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Footing'' is a ''BasisForAnAction'' that is a relation of a Person to other agents or to the situation in which s/he is placed, or to that Person's own resources, that assist that Person to Perform some Action. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'footing' in WordNet: 2. footing, basis, ground - (a relation that provides the foundation for something; 'they were on a friendly footing'; 'he worked on an interim basis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BasisForAnAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :PurposefulAction ] . :Footnote :wnsense "footer3n", "footnote1n" ; :wordnet "footer", "footnote" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footnote' in WordNet: 1. (1) footnote, footer - (a printed note placed below the text on a printed page) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annotation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Page ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :Footpath :ldoce "footpath" ; :wnsense "footpath1n", "paseo1n", "pathway2n", "walk5n", "walkway1n" ; :wordnet "footpath", "paseo", "pathway", "walk", "walkway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any path for people walking, not for vehicles; it may or may not be paved. It is an artifact because,even if not paved, it must be worn down and the vegetation reduced by some animals walking over it - if it is only used by animals, it would not be a Footpath, but would be a trail. A paved footpath (such as a sidewalk) would be a subtype. It must be outdoors- indoor paths are a different type. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'footpath' and also sense 1 of 'walkway' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pathway, footpath - (a trodden path) WN noun 'walkway': 1. walk, walkway, paseo - (a path set aside for walking; 'after the blizzard he shoveled the front walk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OutdoorLocation ] . :Footprint :guid "c0fbadda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "footmark1n", "footprint1n", "step9n" ; :wordnet "footmark", "footprint", "step" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of visual marks. Each element of #$Footprint is an impression made by a foot of an animal. Footprints may be made in soft earth, clay, concrete, or on paper with paint or ink. Footprints may be made accidentally or on purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footprint' in WordNet: 1. (1) footprint, footmark, step - (a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface; 'the police made casts of the footprints in the soft earth outside the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, :StillImageSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HorizontalSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Footrace :CYC "RunningSportsEvent" ; :guid "bd58f534-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "foot race1n", "footrace1n", "run3n" ; :wordnet "foot race", "footrace", "run" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Footrace'' is a ''Race'' in which two or more human competitors run the same path at the same time,and the one who reaches the finish line first is the winner - the winner has the shortest time. This is not for a 'walking' race. In CYC 'RunningSportsEvent': A specialization of #$RacingSportsEvent and #$TrackSportsEvent. Each instance of #$RunningSportsEvent is ann event in which the winning competitor is the individual or team who traverses a certain distance in a specific amount of time. This is the whole Event including the actions of all of the Agents involved. The Action of the individual ''Racer''s in a ''Footrace'' performs ''Running''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'footrace' in WordNet: 1. footrace, foot race, run - (a race run on foot; 'she broke the record for the half-mile run') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Race, :StrenuousAthleticActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Running ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Footracer :CYC "Runner" ; :guid "bd590465-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "runner6n" ; :wordnet "runner" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Footracer'' is a male or female person who is a contestant in a ''Footrace'', whether long or short distance. In CYC called 'Runner'. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'runner' in WordNet: 6. runner - (a trained athlete who competes in foot races) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Footrace ; owl:onProperty :wasaCompetitorInCompetition ] . :Footstep :wnsense "footstep2n" ; :wordnet "footstep" ; a :AnimalMotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Footstep'' is one complete motion of one leg of an animal (usually a Person) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'footstep' in WordNet: 2. (4) footstep - (the act of taking a step in walking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation . :FootwearItem :wnsense "footwear1n" ; :wordnet "footwear" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FootwearItem'' is anything designed to be worn on the Foot. This includes shoes, socks, boots, slippers. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'footwear' in Wordnet: 1. footwear - (clothing worn on a person's feet) 2. footwear, footgear - (covering for a person's feet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :ForProfit :en "for-profit" ; :enadj "for-profit" ; :isTheAttributeOfAnAgentEngagedIn :EarningaProfit ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :EarningaProfit, :Selling ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ForProfit'' agent or activity is created or performed with the purpose of making a ''Profit''. However,such an agent or action may not in fact be ''Profitable'' in any given time period or over the course of its existence in that Role. No WN sense. RHW: (of a business or institution) initiated or operated for the purpose of making a profit: for-profit hospitals """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ForSale :ldoce "for sale", "on sale", "sale" ; :wnsense "for sale1adj" ; :wordnet "for sale" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ForSale' is a specialization of 'Available' meaning that the object or service thus characterized can be bought for money; it is relative to times, locations; there may be restrictions on who may purchase a thing (e.g.age restrictions for alcohol or tobacco), so this notion is very context specific and general. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'for sale' in WordNet: 1. (2) purchasable, for sale - (available for purchase; 'purchasable goods'; 'many houses in the area are for sale') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Available . :ForaWhile :en "for a while" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """''for a while'' is an adverb specifying that the action described continued for more than a brief period of time. """ . :Foraging :en "foraging" ; :guid "c10ade64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "forage2v" ; :wordnet "forage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Looking around for food in the wild and eating it when found. This is the activity by which many wild animals get food. Specializations include grazing and hunting. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'forage' in WordNet: 2. forage - (wander and feed; 'The animals forage in the woods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalFeeding, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SearchingForFood ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Forbearance :ldoce "patience" ; :wnsense "forbearance1n", "patience1n" ; :wordnet "forbearance", "patience" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'Forbearance' is a PersistentState in which some 'IntentionalAgent' refrains from doing something that would commonly be done by someone in the same situation; using this type implies that the thing not done would be justified or at least understood as being provoked. This is more specialized than the more general 'Refraining'. This is the action, for example, of a person who is not complaining about some provocation, or does not take revenge for an insult or injury. This is not identical in implied sense to the WOrdNet 'forbearance', as WordNet sense 2 only implies that forbearance is a delay, whereas this sense includes an intentional failure to act that can be permanent. Corresponds approximately to sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'forbearance' in Wordnet; this is the action of forbearing; the 'feeling' sense is not included here, - for the feeling, use 'Patience': in WordNet: 1. patience, forbearance, longanimity - (good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence) 2. forbearance - (a delay in enforcing rights or claims or privileges; refraining from acting; 'his forbearance to reply was alarming') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refraining . :Forbidden :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Forbidding ; :isTheOppositeOf :Permitted ; :wnsense "forbidden1adj", "out5adj", "prohibited1adj", "proscribed1adj", "taboo1adj", "tabu1adj" ; :wordnet "forbidden", "out", "prohibited", "proscribed", "taboo", "tabu" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forbidden' in Wordnet: 1. (4) forbidden, out, prohibited, proscribed, taboo, tabu, verboten - (excluded from use or mention; 'forbidden fruit'; 'in our house dancing and playing cards were out'; 'a taboo subject') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Forbidding :en "banning", "forbidding", "prohibiting", "proscribing" ; :ldoce "forbid" ; :wnsense "ban1v", "forbid1v", "prohibit1v", "proscribe1v", "veto2v" ; :wordnet "ban", "forbid", "prohibit", "proscribe", "veto" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In each instance of 'Forbidding', some agent creates a Rule which is a Prohibition. NOTE: to 'forbid' something by legislation is the subtype ''MakingAnActionIlegal''. To make a Rule, one needs to be an Authority, but this is a very general concept, and the Authority can be very local or informal, such as a parent or a leader of a small group. The owner of a property is an Authority for what can be done on that property, and can create a Rule prohibiting actions on that property. The usage of the words 'prohibit' and 'ban' differs in some respects,but the essential meaning is what overlaps in this type. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forbid' and sense 1 of 'proibit' and verb sense 1 of 'ban' in WordNet: 1. (15) forbid, prohibit, interdict, proscribe, veto, disallow - (command against; 'I forbid you to call me late at night'; 'Mother vetoed the trip to the chocolate store') WN verb 'ban': 1. (3) ban - (prohibit especially by legal means or social pressure; 'Smoking is banned in this building') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restricting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Prohibition ] . :ForbiddingEntry :ldoce "bar" ; :wnsense "bar1v" ; :wordnet "bar" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ForbiddingEntry' is a Forbidding specifically prohibiting some one or more agents from entering a Place, or joining an organization. For specifically blocking a passageway, use 'BlockingTheWay'. @ToDo: this may be too vague,and should be subtyped. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bar' in WordNet: 1. (9) bar, debar, exclude - (prevent from entering; keep out; 'He was barred from membership in the club') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forbidding, :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnteringSomething ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Force :ldoce "force" ; :wnsense "force3n" ; :wordnet "force" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of ConstantQuantities indicating a quantity of Force (dimensionally equivalent to mass times acceleration); it is an OrderedPair consisting of a quantifier and an instance of ForceUnit. This is merely a measure of a quantity of Force; For a Force having a specific direction, use 'ForceVector' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'force' in WordNet, but the WordNet synset does not distinguish the scalar from the vector 'force': in WordNet: 3. (133) force - ((physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; 'force equals mass times acceleration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :ForceUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForceTransmissionEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :ForceField :wnsense "field of force1n", "field5n", "force field1n" ; :wordnet "field", "field of force", "force field" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ForceField''is a ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' in which some form of force may be exerted on some PhysicaObject that has some physical porperty, such as electrical charge, mass, magnetic polarization, the weak force, or any other property such as those possessed by subatomic particles or any others that physicists may discover. Physicists recognize the 'fundamental forces' of electromagnetism, gravitation, strong interaction, and weak interaction. The 'strong force' ('strong interaction') can act on ''Quark''s. This is not a Region of space (use ''ForceFieldRegion''), nor a Property of space, but an active phenomenon (an Event) which, in some theories, may be caused by the generation (spontaneous or by an object) and movement of virtual particles that can interact with objects that *can* interact with such particles to produce a force of some kind, usually attraction or repulsion NOTE that a 'force field' is sometimes visualized (as in the WN gloss) as a region of space, but it is more complex than that, and is not restricted to electromagnetic forces. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'force field' in WordNet: 1. field, field of force, force field - (the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalForce ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForceFieldRegion ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :ForceFieldRegion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ForceFieldRegion' is a ''PhysicalSpaceRegion'' in which a ''ForceField''is present. ''ForceField''s are present in every part of space, so this type is used only to describe Regions with some salient ''ForceField'' relevant to something that needs representing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForceField ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :ForceTransmissionEvent :en "force transmission", "force transmission event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ForceTransmissionEvent is an Event in which one object causes a force which is felt by a second object. The force may be at a distance, such as by gravity or electrical or magnetic forces, or directly, but pushing or pulling or by resting on another object in a gravitational field. For just 'tansmitting' a Force without actually causing the force (by action or weight) use subtype ''TransmittingForce''. A ForceTransmissionEvent may be a PersistentState if the force transmitted is balanced by another force and the object feeling the force remains stationary. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingAForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Force ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalForce ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :ForceUnit :wnsense "force unit1n" ; :wordnet "force unit" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses Force. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'force unit' in WordNet: 1. force unit - (a unit of measurement of physical force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :ForceVector :guid "bd58c730-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "force" ; :wnsense "force3n" ; :wordnet "force" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'force' of Physics (as in F=ma), which *may* cause an Object to move or compress. This is a PhysicalQuantity that can be viewed as an AttributeValue of some PhysicalObject - the 'force applied' to that object. The Force may be caused by direct contact with a solid object, by pressure on a surface moving molecules, or by some force field such as gravity, magnetism, the strong force, or the force felt by an object being accelerated, or any other force field that physicists may define. The Quantifier of the ForceVector is a VectorInterval, and the unit it a unit of Force. This is a fundamental notion that cannot be resolved into more primitive concepts. It corresponds to the feeling of 'force' that one experiences from the sense of touch, and also to the physical notion of 'force' that causes things to move. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'force' in WordNet, but the WordNet synset does not distinguish the scalar from the vector 'force': Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'force' in WordNet: 3. (133) force - ((physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; 'force equals mass times acceleration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :VectorInterval ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :ForceUnit ] . :Forced :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Compelling ; :wnsense "forced2adj" ; :wordnet "forced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Forced'' is an attribute that characterizes a ''Person'' who performed an Action due to being the object of a ''Compelling'' Action; and also of the Action that was performed because of a ''Compelling'' Action. These two senses may be distinguished when necessary. 'He was forced to go to the meeting' 'His attendance at the meeting was forced.' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'forced' in Wordnet: 2. (1) forced - (forced or compelled; 'promised to abolish forced labor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Forceful :en "driving" ; :wnsense "forceful1adj", "potent2adj", "strong3adj" ; :wordnet "forceful", "potent", "strong" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attributeValue ''Forceful'' is a subtype of ''Effective'' that can apply to Actions that are very likely to have some effect, or to Attributes that may impart some kind of effectiveness to the entities having that attribute. This is for Actions. For a 'forceful' speaker or 'forceful' statements made by a speaker,use 'Assertive'. Includes RHW sense 3 of 'driving': 3.having force and violence: a driving storm. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forceful' and sense 3 of 'strong'in WordNet: 1. (2) forceful - (characterized by or full of force or strength (often but not necessarily physical); 'a forceful speaker'; 'a forceful personality'; 'forceful measures'; 'a forceful plan for peace') WN adj 'potent': 2. (2) potent, strong - (having or wielding force or authority; 'providing the ground soldier with increasingly potent weapons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Powerful . :Forcefully :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Forceful ; :wnsense "forcefully1adv" ; :wordnet "forcefully" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Forcefully'' can characterize Acions that use physical force or verbal force or psychological force. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'forcefully' in Wordnet: 1. forcefully - (with full force; 'we are seeing this film too late to feel its original impact forcefully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Forceps :guid "bd58d86c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "forceps1n" ; :wordnet "forceps" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Forceps' is a ''GrippingTool'' with two arms, the ends of which are shaped so as to enable ''Gripping'' of some physical object. There are several kinds of foreps, including medical (used in assisting birth), laboratory (to handle objects without contaminating them with oil or sweat from the fingers), and for metalworking. Not necessarily spring-loaded. CYC: A hand tool made of two much-longer-than-wide, almost-flat pieces of springy metal attached at one end with flat sides together so that, while not in use, there's a space between the two pieces at the grasping end. It's used to grasp objects by squeezing the two pieces together. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'forceps' in WordNet: 1. forceps - (an extractor consisting of a pair of pincers used in medical treatment (especially for the delivery of babies)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :GrippingTool, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrippingWithHands ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :FordMotorCompany :has :FordMotorHeadquarters ; a :AutomobileManufacturer, :CommercialOrganization ; rdfs:comment "Manufactures automobiles, trucks, etc." . :FordMotorHeadquarters :isLocatedAt :DearbornMichigan ; :isOwnedBy :FordMotorCompany ; a :Headquarters ; rdfs:comment """ (As of 2020) Ford Motor Company World Headquarters Address: 1 American Rd, Dearborn, MI 48126 Phone: (313) 322-3000 """ . :ForeArm :guid "bd58e79a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "forearm1n" ; :wordnet "forearm" ; a :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The segment of an arm farthest away from the torso; between the elbow and the wrist. \"elbow\" \"wrist\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forearm' in WordNet: 1. (2) forearm - (the part of the superior limb between the elbow and the wrist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Limb-AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElbowAndWrist ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :ForeSail :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :Sailboat ; :isUsedBy :Sailboat ; :wnsense "foresail1n" ; :wordnet "foresail" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The foresail of a sailboat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foresail' in Wordnet: 1. foresail - (the lowest sail on the foremast of a square-rigged vessel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sail . :Foreclosing :en "foreclosing" ; :guid "bdae3d0b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "foreclose2v" ; :wordnet "foreclose" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type includes all the actions taken for the foreclosing parties to recover the property they believe is properly theirs, including a ''ForeclosureAction'' if necessary. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'foreclose' in WordNet: 2. (1) foreclose - (subject to foreclosing procedures; take away the right of mortgagors to redeem their mortgage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepossessingSomething, :TransferringOwnership, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForeclosureAction ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :ForeclosureAction :wnsense "foreclosure1n" ; :wordnet "foreclosure" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ForeclosureAction'' is a ''LegalAction'' in which the plaintiff seeks to have the cort declare that Plaintiff is the rightful owner of a piece of RealEstate due to the current owner's failure to pay debts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foreclosure' in WordNet: 1. foreclosure - (the legal proceedings initiated by a creditor to repossess the collateral for loan that is in default) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foreclosing ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Forefront :wnsense "forefront1n", "head19n" ; :wordnet "forefront", "head" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Forefront'' has more than one specific interpretation. For the 'forefront' of some development process, see ''CuttingEdge''. NOTE: from the WN gloss, a ''Forefront'' does not necessarily have to be 'nearest' the viewer, as the 'head of a column' can be receding from a viewer (e.g. at a parade). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forefront' in WordNet: 1. forefront, head - (the part in the front or nearest the viewer; 'he was in the forefront'; 'he was at the head of the column') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontSide . :Foreground :wnsense "foreground1n" ; :wordnet "foreground" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'Foreground' is a 'View' that is part of a larger 'View' and is generated by objects at a closer distance to the viewer than are the objects in the Background. Instantiating a 'Foreground' requires specifying the whole 'View' of which is is a part (which in turn requires specifying some Person to whom it was visible). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foreground' in Wordnet: 1. (2) foreground - (the part of a scene that is near the viewer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :View ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasVisibleTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ] . :Forehead :guid "bd58e731-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Face ; :ldoce "forehead" ; :wnsense "brow1n", "forehead1n" ; :wordnet "brow", "forehead" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The area of skin between the eyes and the crown of a head. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forehead' in WordNet: 1. (8) brow, forehead - (the part of the face above the eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MammalEye ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyAbove ] . :Foreign :ldoce "foreign" ; :wnsense "foreign1adj", "foreign2adj" ; :wordnet "foreign" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note; An Attribute of things (people, places, obejcts) that are not produced, characteristic of, or native to the country of reference. This is a relative attribute, and must be interpreted in the context of the country to which the thing is 'foreign'. This is an attribute that takes a reference Country as implied argument and returns the *complement* of that Country of reference. The Cyc representation of the term 'Foreign' is not an attribute but an object, and too unrelated to reference. This sense includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'foreign' in WordNet, but does not include the part of sense 2 meaning 'originating in another place' - this is specifically relating to other *countries*. in WordNet: 1. (21) foreign - (of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own); 'foreign trade'; 'a foreign office') 2. (10) foreign, strange - (relating to or originating in or characteristic of another place or part of the world; 'foreign nations'; 'a foreign accent'; 'on business in a foreign city') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ForeignControl :wnsense "control2n" ; :wordnet "control" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ForeignControl'' is the ''Control'' of some territory by a Country of which the local area controlled is not a formal part. Control of a local area by some foreign country or 'foreigner'. Corresponds to part of noun senses 2 of 'control' in WordNet: 2. (17) control - (a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another; 'measures for the control of disease'; 'they instituted controls over drinking on campus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlOverOthers, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ForeignCountry ] . :ForeignCountry :wnsense "foreign country1n" ; :wordnet "foreign country" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ForeignCountry'' is a Country (a GeopoliticalEntity) that is not the same as the ''Country'' of reference - interpretable only in context. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'foreign country' in WordNet: 1. foreign country - (any state of which you are not a citizen; 'working in a foreign country takes a bit of getting used to') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Country, :ForeignPlace . :ForeignPlace a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ForeignPlace'' is any ''Place'' that is not the same as the ''Country'' of reference - interpretable only in context. For a ''ForeignPlace'' that is a''Country'' use subtype ''ForeignCountry''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foreign ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ForeignPolicyGoal :guid "bf6e6728-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute characterizes goals which are foreign policy goals.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalGoal . :Foreigner :ldoce "foreigner" ; :wnsense "foreigner1n" ; :wordnet "foreigner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Foreigner is a Person who is Foreign - relative to some country or some other person. A Foreigner need not be born in another country, s/he may be a naturalized citizen of that country. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foreigner' in WordNet: 1. (7) foreigner, alien, noncitizen, outlander - (a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foreign ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Foreman :guid "bd661a2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boss1n", "chief2n", "foreman1n", "gaffer3n", "honcho1n" ; :wordnet "boss", "chief", "foreman", "gaffer", "honcho" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The kind of ''WorkForce'' that a ''Foreman''manages may be distinguishable from others, but the characteristics are not yet clear. Construction crews are one case, but there are others. Are they all ''ManualLaborer''s? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foreman' in WordNet: 1. (2) foreman, chief, gaffer, honcho, boss - (a person who exercises control over workers; 'if you want to leave early you have to ask the foreman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supervisor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkForce ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :Foremost :wnsense "first5adj", "foremost1adj", "world-class1adj" ; :wordnet "first", "foremost", "world-class" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Foremost'' is a subattribute of ''Prominent'' for people or organizations or Actions that are among the 'topmost',if not the absolute 'best' then within the top few percent in 'goodness' character in some category. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'foremost' in Wordnet: 1. (2) first, foremost, world-class - (ranking above all others; 'was first in her class'; 'the foremost figure among marine artists'; 'the top graduate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prominent . :Forensic :pertainsTo :Argument, :Debate, :LegalAction ; :wnsense "forensic1adj" ; :wordnet "forensic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Forensic'' refers objects, Actions, or arguments that are used in debate or legal Actions, including criminal cases. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forensic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) forensic - (of, relating to, or used in courts of law or public debate or argument) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Foreplay :guid "bf4cb32f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arousal4n", "foreplay1n", "stimulation4n" ; :wordnet "arousal", "foreplay", "stimulation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: erotic caressing performed as a prelude to #$SexualCopulation. NOTE: for caressing (''Embracing') that has some sexual overtones but is not intended as a prelude to sexual intercourse, such as the hugging and kissing done by teenagers or couples who are beginning to get intimate, is represented by ''Necking''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foreplay' in WordNet: 1. foreplay, arousal, stimulation - (mutual sexual fondling prior to sexual intercourse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualBehavior, :StimulatingSexualArousal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoLovers ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanSexualIntercourse ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualArousal ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :Foreseeable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Foreseeing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Foreseeing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unforeseeable ; :wnsense "foreseeable1adj" ; :wordnet "foreseeable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Foreseeable' is An AttributeValue of Situations that can be foreseen or predicted. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'foreseeable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) foreseeable - (capable of being anticipated; 'foreseeable costs were well within the budget') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Foreseeing :wnsense "anticipate3v", "foreknow1v", "foresee1v", "previse2v" ; :wordnet "anticipate", "foreknow", "foresee", "previse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Foreseeing' is classified as a type of ''Guessing'' because the future is inherently not accurately predictable and there will always be some uncertainty. This is a MentalEvent that does not necessarily include communicating the thing 'foreseen' to another Person. When the result of a ''Foreseeing'' is communicated to another Person (presuming that the foreseer has some confidence in the result) it is an instance of the subtype ''Predicting''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foresee' in WordNet: 1. (5) anticipate, previse, foreknow, foresee - (realize beforehand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpectingSomething, :Guessing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Predicted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Foreskin :wnsense "foreskin2n", "prepuce2n" ; :wordnet "foreskin", "prepuce" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :CoveringType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'foreskin' in WordNet: 2. prepuce, foreskin - (a fold of skin covering the tip of the penis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Skin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Penis ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Penis ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :Forest :guid "c1501a5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "forest" ; :wnsense "forest1n", "forest2n", "timber4n", "timberland1n", "wood2n", "woodland1n", "woods1n" ; :wordnet "forest", "timber", "timberland", "wood", "woodland", "woods" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. The collection of all forests. Must contain some group of trees. Includes both senses of 'forest' in WordNet: 1. (36) forest, wood, woods - (the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area) 2. (2) forest, woodland, timberland, timber - (land that is covered with trees and shrubs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalArea, :LandArea, :Wilderness, :WoodedArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ForestFire :wnsense "forest fire1n" ; :wordnet "forest fire" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ForestFire'' is a ''WildFire' that affects some ''Forest''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forest fire' in WordNet: 1. forest fire - (an uncontrolled fire in a wooded area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conflagration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forest ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :ForestRanger :wnsense "fire warden1n", "forest fire fighter1n", "ranger2n" ; :wordnet "fire warden", "forest fire fighter", "ranger" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'ranger' (not just forest fire fighters, any employee in a NationalPark or Reserve or similar public land. in WordNet: 2. fire warden, forest fire fighter, ranger - (an official who is responsible for managing and protecting an area of forest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicOfficial, :SkilledWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forest ; owl:onProperty :manages ] . :Forested :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Forest ; :wnsense "forested1adj" ; :wordnet "forested" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forested' in Wordnet: 1. forested - (covered with forest; 'efforts to protect forested lands of the northwest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wooded . :Forester :guid "bd58efd3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "arboriculturist1n", "forester1n", "tree farmer1n" ; :wordnet "arboriculturist", "forester", "tree farmer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of professional foresters. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'forester' in WordNet: 2. forester, tree farmer, arboriculturist - (someone trained in forestry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :PersonWithOccupation, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forestry ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forest ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Forestry :hasSubjectOfStudy :Forest ; :wnsense "forestry1n" ; :wordnet "forestry" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Forestry'' is the science that studies the propertes of ''Forest''s with a particular concern about how to maintain them, use them, and create new Forests or improve existing ones. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forestry' in WordNet: 1. forestry - (the science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forest ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Foretelling :wnsense "foretell2v" ; :wordnet "foretell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Foretelling' is prediction based on factors other than mathematical calculations using physical laws. It is Inherently less certain than mathematic prediction, but may have some basis in experience. This can be intuitive and is not necessarily ''Mystical'' or ''Supernatural''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predict' in WordNet: 1. (29) predict, foretell, prognosticate, call, forebode, anticipate, promise - (make a prediction about; tell in advance; 'Call the outcome of an election') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Predicting . :Forever :wnsense "everlastingly1adv", "evermore2adv", "forever1adv" ; :wordnet "everlastingly", "evermore", "forever" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Forever'' is interpreted as The period of time from ''Now'' until the ''#EndOfTime''. Forever is a Class, depending on the 'Now'. Each instance of this class will have a different ''Now''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'forever' in WordNet: 1. (15) everlastingly, fly, forever, evermore - (for a limitless time; 'no one can live forever'; 'brightly beams our Father's mercy from his lighthouse evermore'- P.P.Bliss) WN adverb 'evermore': 1. evermore, forevermore - (at any future time; in the future; 'lead a blameless life evermore') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FutureTimeInterval, :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Now ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EndOfTime ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingTimePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InfiniteYears ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ] . :Forfeited :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Forfeiting ; :wnsense "confiscate1adj", "forfeit1adj", "forfeited1adj" ; :wordnet "confiscate", "forfeit", "forfeited" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Forfeited'' is an AttributeValue of things (Objects or substances) that were lost by an agent due to a ''Forfeiting'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forfeited' in Wordnet: 1. confiscate, forfeit, forfeited - (surrendered as a penalty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relinquished . :Forfeiting :wnsense "forfeit1v", "forgo3v", "give up1v", "throw overboard2v", "waive2v" ; :wordnet "forfeit", "forgo", "give up", "throw overboard", "waive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Forfeiting'' is an ''Action'' in which some agent loses control of something that agent has or could have, due to some action of that agent. The agent may not intend to lose control, as for forfeiting by criminal action, so this is not an intentonal ''Relinquishing''. The use of 'throw overboard' is a metaphorical use that suggests that the ''Forfeiting'' was done intentionally and vountarily. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forfeit' in WordNet: 1. (2) forfeit, give up, throw overboard, waive, forgo - (lose or lose the right to by some error, offense, or crime) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImpartingAnAttribute, :LosingControlOfAControlledObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relinquished ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Forge :wnsense "forge1n" ; :wordnet "forge" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A special type of ''Furnace'' in which metal is heated to make it soft enough to work. RHW noun 'forge': 7. a special fireplace, hearth, or furnace in which metal is heated before shaping. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forge' in WordNet: 1. forge - (furnace consisting of a special hearth where metal is heated before shaping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Furnace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForgingaMetalObject ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Forgetful :wnsense "forgetful1adj", "short5adj", "unretentive1adj" ; :wordnet "forgetful", "short", "unretentive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Forgetful'' is an Attribute of people who are less able than average to remember things they have learned or been told. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forgetful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unretentive, forgetful, short - ((of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range; 'a short memory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Forgetting :en "forgetting" ; :ldoce "forget" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :HavingInMemory, :PuttingIntoMemory ; :wnsense "forget2v", "forget3v" ; :wordnet "forget" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of MentalEvents in which an intelligent agent loses the ability to recall something (a Proposition) that was in the memory. Before the Forgetting, the doer could have the recalled a fact when an appropriate time or prompt occurs. Afterwards, the doer cannot recall it. A 'Forgetting' may be temporary, as when a person forgets an appointment, and later recalls it. A 'Forgetting' is never intentional, although some people may want to forget things - the Forgetting process is unconscious. Forgetting reverses the effect of 'PuttingIntoMemory'; after a Forgetting a thought no longer is the object of 'HavingInMemory'. Corresponds to verb senses 2 and 3 of 'forget' in WordNet: 2. (21) forget, block, blank out, draw a blank - (be unable to remember; 'I'm drawing a blank'; 'You are blocking the name of your first wife!') 3. (9) forget - (forget to do something; 'Don't forget to call the chairman of the board to the meeting!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrictlyMentalEvent . :ForgingaMetalObject :en "forging a metal object" ; :wnsense "forge6v" ; :wordnet "forge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ForgingaMetalObject'' is a subtype of ''WorkingaMetalObject'' in which the ''MetalObject'' is heated in a ''Hearth'' to soften it so as to make the shape change easier. Corresponds to part (for forging metals) of verb sense 6 of 'forge' in WordNet: 6. shape, form, work, mold, mould, forge - (make something, usually for a specific function; 'She molded the rice balls carefully'; 'Form cylinders from the dough'; 'shape a figure'; 'Work the metal into a sword') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapingSomething, :WorkingaMetalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forge ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :Forgiving :en "forgiving", "pardoning" ; :guid "b09e0216-b150-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d0a8" ; :ldoce "forgive" ; :wnsense "forgive1v", "forgiveness1n", "pardon1v", "pardon2v" ; :wordnet "forgive", "forgiveness", "pardon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The collection of acts in which an agent pardons some past perceived wrong on the part of another human agent. @ToDo: is a 'pardon' or a 'forgiveness' a result of this act or a part of it? COSMO note: this is not a 'forgiving' of a loan or debt, it is strictly a MentalEvent that changes a person's attitude toward the behavior of another person. It is usually accompanied by a Communication to the other person informing him/her of the Forgiving, but need not be. Also, in cyc this was restricted to humans, but in COSMO it also includes a 'Forgiving' by spirits such as God. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forgive' and noun sense 1 of 'pardon' and verb sense 2 of 'pardon' in WordNet: 1. (24) forgive - (stop blaming or grant forgiveness; 'I forgave him his infidelity'; 'She cannot forgive him for forgetting her birthday') WN noun 'pardon': 1. (1) forgiveness, pardon - (the act of excusing a mistake or offense) WN verb 'ardon': 2. (2) pardon - (grant a pardon to; 'Ford pardoned Nixon'; 'The Thanksgiving turkey was pardoned by the President') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActOfKindness, :MentalEvent, :SocialInteraction . :ForgoingSomething :en "waiving" ; :eng "waiving" ; :wnsense "dispense with2v", "foreswear1v", "forgo1v", "relinquish3v", "waive1v" ; :wordnet "dispense with", "foreswear", "forgo", "relinquish", "waive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ForgoingSomething'' is an ''Inaction'' in which some Person chooses not to perform some Action that is possible and legal to do. The Action that is forsworn is pointed to by the relation ''isTheAbsenceOf''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forgo' in WordNet: 1. (1) waive, relinquish, forgo, foreswear, dispense with - (do without or cease to hold or adhere to; 'We are dispensing with formalities'; 'relinquish the old ideas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Choosing, :Inactivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waiver ; owl:onProperty :mayProduce ] . :Forgotten :isAnAttributeValueOf :Experience, :InformationObject, :Knowledge, :Memory ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Forgetting ; :wnsense "forgotten1adj" ; :wordnet "forgotten" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Forgotten'' is the attribute of something once known - an Experience, an Obligation, an anniversary, or any form of knowledge - which was not brought to mnd at some necessary or appropriate time, or completely lost from the memory. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forgotten' in Wordnet: 1. (5) disregarded, forgotten - (not noticed inadvertently; 'her aching muscles forgotten she danced all night'; 'he was scolded for his forgotten chores') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Fork-EatingUtensil :guid "bd58a75f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fork" ; :wnsense "fork1n" ; :wordnet "fork" ; a :EatingUtensilType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a Fork used for eating. Cyc ('Fork-SilverwarePiece') An eating implement having two or more parallel sharp tines, useful for stabbing and/or lifting solid foods. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fork' in WordNet: 1. (4) fork - (cutlery used for serving and eating food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingUtensil, :LongHandledTool . :Forked :wnsense "branched1adj", "forked1adj" ; :wordnet "branched", "forked" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute objects (abstract or physical) that have linear features but branch out from one root to at least two. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forked' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bifurcate, biramous, branched, forked, fork-like, forficate, pronged, prongy - (resembling a fork; divided or separated into two branches; 'the biramous appendages of an arthropod'; 'long branched hairs on its legson which pollen collects'; 'a forked river'; 'a forked tail'; 'forked lightning'; 'horseradish grown in poor soil may develop prongy roots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Forklift :guid "bf6501d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "forklift1n" ; :wordnet "forklift" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all vehicles (a.k.a. 'forklift trucks') with prongs in front that can be inserted under a load and raised to lift and transport the load. NOTE: this can be powered by internal combustion engines, if used outdoors,or by batteries, whether indoors or outdoors. RHW: a small vehicle with two power-operated prongs at the front that can be slid under heavy loads and then raised for moving and stacking materials in warehouses, shipping depots, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forklift' in WordNet: 1. forklift - (a small industrial vehicle with a power operated forked platform in front that can be inserted under loads to lift and move them) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :LandTransportationVehicle, :MaterialTransporter, :PoweredDevice, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pallet ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoPalletProngs ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pallet ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] ; owl:disjointWith :RoadVehicle . :Form-StandardizedIBO :guid "c0fd68b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "form" ; :wnsense "form9n" ; :wordnet "form" ; a :ObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject organized by fields in specified locations. This can be used for completely printed forms, or for forms with spaces to be filled in. \"blankspace\" @ToDo: 1, some distinction needs to be made between blank and filled forms at some point. (e.g. 'BlankForm'?) 2. an abstract document representation of this is needed. Cyc: A specialization of both #$InformationBearingObject and #$StructuredInformationSource. Each instance of #$Form-StandardizedIBO is an information-bearing object having some standard set of labelled fields; these fields are left blank for the user to fill in with certain items of information (often information pertaining to the user). Instances of #$Form-StandardizedIBO often accompany some sort of bureaucratic procedure, which they may be used to initiate or to certify. Specializations include the collections #$LeaseDocument, #$DepositSlip, #$InsuranceClaimForm, and #$Check-TenderObject. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'form' in Wordnet: 9. (2) form - (a printed document with spaces in which to write; 'he filled out his tax form') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericForm, :StructuredInformationBearingObject, :TextualMaterial . :FormField :en "page part" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FormField'' is a ''PageField'' in some ''GenericForm'', that can be in an AbstractDocument or in a PhysicalObject. This ''FormField'' is the part of a field in a ''GenericForm'' that can be or has been filled in, It starts as a ''BlankFormField'' and if filled becomes a ''FilledFormField'', both of this being subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PageField, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericForm ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :FormOfAddress :wnsense "form of address1n", "title of respect1n", "title6n" ; :wordnet "form of address", "title", "title of respect" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Name of some position, rank, office, or other honorary description attached to the name of a Person as a courtesy or as a matter of right, such as 'Doctor', 'Lord', 'Mister', 'President', 'Mayor', 'Professor' etc. It can also be attached after the name, as a degree 'Ph.D.' or 'Junior' or 'III' (the third). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'form of address' in WordNet: 1. title, title of respect, form of address - (an identifying appellation signifying status or function: e.g. 'Mr.' or 'General'; 'the professor didn't like his friends to use his formal title') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :FormOfGovernment :guid "f6af40ce-6daf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "form of government1n", "political system1n" ; :wordnet "form of government", "political system" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FormOfGovernment'' is a ''Specification'' for a system by which some GroupOfPeople are structured and organized and exercise control over a GeopoliticalEntity, and and how it functions. The different forms of government are listed as subtypes rather than instances because there can be subtypes of the main forms. Corresponds approximately (but in COSMO this is an abstract Specification, not a 'group of people') to noun sense 1 of 'form of government' in WordNet: 1. (1) political system, form of government - (the members of a social organization who are in power) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialSystem, :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Governing ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Formal :contrastsWith :Informal ; :ldoce "formal" ; :wnsense "formal1adj" ; :wordnet "formal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Conforming to certain social rules: of behavior or of objects (such as clothing) expected for certain occasions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'formal' in WordNet: 1. (13) formal - (being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress); 'pay one's formal respects'; 'formal dress'; 'a formal ball'; 'the requirement was only formal and often ignored'; 'a formal education') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FormalBall :wnsense "ball9n", "formal1n" ; :wordnet "ball", "formal" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FormalBall'' is a formal ''Dance'' where the dancers are expected to wear ''FormalWear''. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'ball' in WordNet: 9. ball, formal - (a lavish dance requiring formal attire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FormalWear ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FormalCeremony :ldoce "ceremony" ; :wnsense "ceremonial occasion1n", "ceremonial1n", "ceremony1n", "observance2n" ; :wordnet "ceremonial", "ceremonial occasion", "ceremony", "observance" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FormalCeremony'' is a ''Ceremony'' that is performed according to rules establshed by some Organization (e.g. initiation rituals) or Authority (e.g. Religious rituals). The relation ''observesOrCelebrates'' can be used to point to an Event that is being celebrated, and 'hadHonoree'' can be used to point to a Person(s) who are being feted, honored, inducted into an Organizaton, or given something of value. Includes all 3 senses of 'ceremony' in WordNet: 1. (9) ceremony, ceremonial, ceremonial occasion, observance - (a formal event performed on a special occasion; 'a ceremony commemorating Pearl Harbor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceremony . :FormalDebate :wnsense "debate2n", "disputation1n", "public debate1n" ; :wordnet "debate", "disputation", "public debate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FormalDebate' is a Debate that is conducted in public, and proceeds according to rules agreed to in advance by the debating parties so as to allot time fairly among the debaters. A FormalDebate may or may not have a moderator. @ToDo - how to include the rules?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'debate' in WordNet: 2. (5) debate, disputation, public debate - (the formal presentation of and opposition to a stated proposition (usually followed by a vote)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Debate . :FormalJobDescription :guid "be34d014-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a 'FormalJobDescription' is a JobDescription that is written in some document used by a company to record its internal organization and actions. Called in Cyc JobPosition Cyc: #$JobPosition is the collection of all job positions conceived as #$StaticSituations that exist at an #$Organization. A #$JobPosition can be characterized by a set of #$duties (see also #$dutiesOfAgentInJob) that the person filling the #$JobPosition will be expected to perform. In practice, we often use instances of #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg instead of specializations of #$JobPosition to represent types of job positions. See also #$JobPositionTypeFn. A #$JobPosition can be either open or filled (see #$JobOpen and #$JobFilled). A #$JobPosition is not the same as a #$WorkAgreement or a #$HasPositionRelationship. These latter two exist only when a #$JobPosition is filled by a #$Person who enters into a relation with the #$Organization that has the #$JobPosition. For each #$JobPosition, there can be only a single #$Person who fills it for a given temporal interval, although two different #$Persons may successively fill the same #$JobPosition. Use #$versionOfJobPosition to relate a #$JobPosition to a #$HasPositionRelationship.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :JobDescription . :FormalMeeting :wnsense "group meeting1n", "meeting1n" ; :wordnet "group meeting", "meeting" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Meeting which is the result of Planning and whose primary purpose is not socializing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meeting' in WordNet: 1. (506) meeting, group meeting - (a formally arranged gathering; 'next year the meeting will be in Chicago'; 'the meeting elected a chairperson') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event-Organized, :Meeting . :FormalShoe :en "formal shoe" ; :guid "bd58afab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FormalShoe'' is a ''Shoe'' that is worn with other components of a formal outfit. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalWear, :Shoe . :FormalWear :guid "bd58afe6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "formal" ; :wnsense "formal2n" ; :wordnet "formal" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Clothing appropriate for formal ('white tie and tails') or 'semiformal' (tuxedo) occasions: a dress gown for women, white tie or tux for men. Term 'formal' mostly for women's wear: Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'formal' in WordNet: 2. dinner dress, dinner gown, formal, evening gown - (a gown for evening wear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing, :DurableGood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Formaldehyde :guid "9cc84a08-9084-41d7-890c-d5ab96683b92" ; :hasChemicalGroup :AldehydeGroup ; :wnsense "formaldehyde1n", "methanal1n" ; :wordnet "formaldehyde", "methanal" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: #$Formaldehyde is colorless gas at normal conditions, and has a pungent, irritating odor. Formaldehyde is a very common industrial and commercial chemical. 'Formaldehyde'' was widely used for embalming dead bodies for burial, but became less used after the carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde were recognized. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'formaldehyde' in WordNet: 1. formaldehyde, methanal - (a colorless poisonous gas; made by the oxidation of methanol) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aldehyde, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AldehydeGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasChemicalGroup ] . :Formality :wnsense "formality1n" ; :wordnet "formality" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Formality'' is a ''PoliteAction'' that conforms to some specific rules of procedure rather than being motivated by a general considerateness for other people. NOTE: in WordNet 'Formality' is a parent type of ''PoliteAction'' (WN 'polieness') but in COSMO this hierarchical relation is reversed so that 'formality' can be truly 'formal' (following a rule of formality) rather than being merely 'polite'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'formality' in WordNet: 3. formality - (compliance with formal rules; 'courtroom formality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliteAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Formally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Formal ; :wnsense "formally2adv" ; :wordnet "formally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Formally'' is a broadly applicable ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies Actions to express the notion that the Action characterized was performed 'in aformal manner'; this adverb can also be used as a modifier, particularly of perfective forms of a verb: the assertion can be formally expressed . . . Corresponds to adver sense 2 of 'formally' in WordNet: 2. (1) formally - (in a formal manner; \"he was dressed rather formally\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Formation :wnsense "formation1n" ; :wordnet "formation" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Formation'' is an 'Arrangement' of People or Human-controlled mobile PhysicalObjects that are moving together as a Group. (This is not for groups of animals) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'formation' in WordNet: 1. (7) formation - (an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit; 'a defensive formation'; 'a formation of planes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrangement, :ObjectGroup, :Unit . :Formative :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :FormingProcess ; :wnsense "formative2adj" ; :wordnet "formative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'formative' in Wordnet: 2. formative - (capable of forming new cells and tissues; 'a formative zone in developing bone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FormattedString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """FormattedString is an AbstractString in which the internal arrangement of characters has more than one component, each component having a different significance. A DateTime string is an example; an AddressString is another.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formatting ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :Formatting :wnsense "arrange4v", "format1v" ; :wordnet "arrange", "format" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Formatting'' is an ''Arranging'' of a Document (abstract or physical) that either specifies the typographic characteristics of the text or places parts of the Document (text or images) into a certain relation to either other (i.e. specify the arrangement). *NOTE* the restriction should include arrangement of a document page along with ''FormattedString'', when such arrangements are represented. ''AbstractText'' and ''AbstractDocument'' ''textualmaterial'' are patients. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'format' in WordNet: 1. format, arrange - (set (printed matter) into a specific format; 'Format this letter so it can be printed out') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arranging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FormattedString ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :Former :ldoce "former" ; :wnsense "former2adj", "former3adj" ; :wordnet "former" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FunctionalAttribute 'Former', when modifying some type, is a function that creates an assertion that the entity described as 'former' was at one time, but is not now, of that type (or role). For 'former' meaning 'the first of two things just mentioned' use ''FirstOfTwo''. See also adverb 'formerly'. The interpretation of 'Former' in a text will likely depend on previous portions of the text or context to determine when the entity described as 'former' was of that type. Corresponds to adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'former' in WordNet: 2. (21) erstwhile, former, old, onetime, quondam, sometime - (belonging to some prior time; 'erstwhile friend'; 'our former glory'; 'the once capital of the state'; 'her quondam lover') 3. (4) former, late, previous - ((used especially of persons) of the immediate past; 'the former president'; 'our late President is still very active'; 'the previous occupant of the White House') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :FormerAssociate :en "former associate" ; :enn "former associate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FormerAssociate' is a Person who was an ''Asociate'' of some Person at some time but is presntly 9at the tie of referene) no longer an ''Associate'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Associate, :ReciprocalRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Former ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FormerResidence :en "former residence", "old residence" ; a :ObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FormerResidence'' is the ''Residence'' that a person occupied immediately before a ''ChangeOfResidence''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Former ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Formidable-Powerful :en "redoubtable" ; :wnsense "formidable1adj" ; :wordnet "formidable" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attributeValue ''Formidable-Powerful'' is an ''IntensiveAttributeValue'' of People or Actions (including arguments and tools or resources available) that are not only very effective as achieving a desired effect, but also impressive to see therefore unusual). THe term 'redoubtable' is only in WN in the sense repreented by ;;Unnerving'', but it is also used in the sense represented by this type, reflected in the RHW sense 2: 2. commanding or evoking respect, reverence, or the like. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'formidable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) formidable - (extremely impressive in strength or excellence; 'a formidable opponent'; 'the challenge was formidable'; 'had a formidable array of compositions to his credit'; 'the formidable army of brains at the Prime Minister's disposal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impressive, :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Powerful, :Unusual . :FormingAnArtifact :en "forming" ; :wnsense "form4v", "form5v", "formation3n", "shape2v", "shape3v", "shaping2n" ; :wordnet "form", "formation", "shape", "shaping" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FormingAnArtifact'' is a subtype of 'Manufacturing' in which some ArtifactObject is made by ''Shaping'' one or more parts of the final product The thing 'formed' could be only one component of the final product or the final product itself. The 'forming' can be accomplished by cutting, grinding, bending while something is flexible, hammering (as a blacksmith), pressing (as a coin), bending, or by fitting pieces together, or by molding. The ActIon of 'shaping' is represented by the subtype ''ShapingSomething''. The process of molding - pouring a liquid or semiliquid into a mold where it solidifies - is the subtype ''MoldingAnArtifact'' Includes verb senses 4 and 5 of 'form' and noun sense 3 of 'formation' in WordNet: 4. (16) shape, form - (give shape or form to; 'shape the dough'; 'form the young child's character') 5. (11) shape, form, work, mold, mould, forge - (make something, usually for a specific function; 'She molded the rice balls carefully'; 'Form cylinders from the dough'; 'shape a figure'; 'Work the metal into a sword') WN noun 'formation': 3. (4) formation, shaping - (the fabrication of something in a particular shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manufacturing . :FormingAnOpinion :ldoce "find" ; :wnsense "find5v" ; :wordnet "find" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each FormingAnOpinion is a StrictlyMentalEvent during which some 'IntentionalAgent' creates an 'Opinion' in its mind. An 'Opinion' is some Proposition. Each Event of 'FormingAnOpinion' causes a MentalState of 'HavingAnOpinion', and creates an 'Opinion'. Linguistically, 'find' seems to be the closest label: 'I found him to be very pleasant'. The word 'feel' is more likely to be a label for the state of 'HavingAnOpinion', which see. NOTE: this is not solely a logical process,but has some elements of ''Inferring''. For beliefs resulting from a process of Reasoning, see 'Reasoning' and 'Conclusion'. This sense most closely resembles part of sense 2 of 'feel' and sense 5 of 'find' in WordNet, but the WordNet sense includes 'HavingAnOpinion', which is a separate Event type. This type is closest to the meaning of 'find' in that synset: in WordNet: 2. (150) find, feel - (come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds; 'I feel that he doesn't like me'; 'I find him to be obnoxious'; 'I found the movie rather entertaining') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrictlyMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingAnOpinion ; owl:onProperty :initiatesState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opinion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opinion ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inferring ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :FormingProcess :en "spring into existence", "spring up" ; :hasCorrespondingEvent :Creation ; :ldoce "creation", "form" ; :wnsense "form1v", "form2v", "form3v", "form4v", "shape2v", "shape3v", "take form1v", "take shape1v" ; :wordnet "form", "shape", "take form", "take shape" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the *process* of something being formed that ends in Creation.. NOTE that if a 'FormingProcess' is asserted, the existence of the thing formed is implied, and the corresponding 'Creation' event must be specified, using the 'hasCorrespondingEvent' relation. This includes the transitive and intransitive senses: Includes verb senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'form' in WordNet: 2. (28) form, organize, organise - (create (as an entity); 'social groups form everywhere'; 'They formed a company') 3. (23) form, take form, take shape, spring - (develop into a distinctive entity; 'our plans began to take shape') 4. (16) shape, form - (give shape or form to; 'shape the dough'; 'form the young child's character') 5. (11) shape, form, work, mold, mould, forge - (make something, usually for a specific function; 'She molded the rice balls carefully'; 'Form cylinders from the dough'; 'shape a figure'; 'Work the metal into a sword') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Creation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Existence ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ] . :Fornication :wnsense "fornication1n" ; :wordnet "fornication" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fornication' in WordNet: 1. fornication - (voluntary sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanSexualIntercourse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NotMarriedCouple ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :Fornicator :wnsense "adulterer1n", "fornicator1n" ; :wordnet "adulterer", "fornicator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fornicator'' is an ''ImmoralPerson'' who engages in ''Fornication'' (copulation between an unmarried couple). NOTE: 'adulterer' should be a subtype. Not yet distinguished. NOTE: in WN this is a subtype of ''Libertine'' but in COSMO this could be a Person who commits unmarried sex even only once. So in COSMO a 'Libertine'' is a subtype of ''Fornicator'' for men who frequently and promiscuously commit ''Fornication'' and ''Slut'' is used for a woman who similarly has promiscuous sex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fornicator' in WordNet: 1. adulterer, fornicator - (someone who commits adultery or fornication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImmoralPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immoral ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Forsaking :eng "abandoning", "deserting", "forsaking" ; :wnsense "abandon5v", "desert1v", "desolate1v", "forsake1v" ; :wordnet "abandon", "desert", "desolate", "forsake" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Forsaking'' is a ''Parting'' where one Person leaves another one or more Person(s) who depends to some extent on the Person leaving, so that the Person leaving no longer provides the support that the Person(s) left behind were accustomed to. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'forsake' in WordNet: 1. (4) abandon, forsake, desolate, desert - (leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch; 'The mother deserted her children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :Fort :guid "bd58f20c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fort" ; :wnsense "fort1n" ; :wordnet "fort" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fort'' is a 'Facility where troops can be stationed and housed. If it is fortified, it is also a ''Fortress''. There are US military installations called 'Fort xxx'' that have no defensive walls. This includes forts with and without defensive walls where ''MilitaryPerson''s can live for a full term of service. NOTE: CYC does not ditinguish between 'fortress' and 'fort', so the CYC term 'FortTheShelterRegion' is used for both. Cyc ('FortTheShelterRegion'): Forts are analogous to campuses, or even miniature villages. They usually consist of a high stone wall enclosing an area with various buildings. There is often a watchtower. They were built to protect people from invaders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fort' in WordNet: 1. (2) garrison, fort - (a fortified military post where troops are stationed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :HumanOccupationConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryPerson ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryPerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :FortMead :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :MilitaryPost ; rdfs:comment """An army facility located in Maryland. """ . :Forthrightly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Frank ; :wnsense "forthright1adv", "forthrightly1adv", "squarely1adv" ; :wordnet "forthright", "forthrightly", "squarely" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'forthrightly' in Wordnet: 1. squarely, forthrightly, forthright - (directly and without evasion; not roundabout; 'to face a problem squarely'; 'the responsibility lies squarely with them'; 'spoke forthright (or forthrightly) and to the point') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Fortification :wnsense "fortification1n" ; :wordnet "fortification" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: 'munition' is obscure in this sense, and is left out to avoid confusion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortification' in WordNet: 1. (1) fortification, munition - (defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DefensiveStructure, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DefensiveWall ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Fortitude :wnsense "fortitude1n" ; :wordnet "fortitude" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortitude' in WordNet: 1. (3) fortitude - (strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Courage . :Fortnight :wnsense "fortnight1n", "two weeks1n" ; :wordnet "fortnight", "two weeks" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all periods of fourteen consecutive days, regardless of the day it starts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortnight' in WordNet: 1. fortnight, two weeks - (a period of fourteen consecutive days; 'most major tennis tournaments last a fortnight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval . :Fortran :wnsense "FORTRAN1n" ; :wordnet "FORTRAN" ; a :ProgrammingLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'FORTRAN' in WordNet: 1. FORTRAN - (a high-level programing language for mathematical and scientific purposes; stands for formula translation) """ . :Fortress :guid "bd58f20c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fort" ; :wnsense "fort2n", "fortress1n" ; :wordnet "fort", "fortress" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A structure built for defense, with walls surrounding a grounds - not a single building like a castle. This type of structure can be used to protect any Person, not just ''MilitaryPerson''s. For places where ''MilitaryPerson''s are stationed,use ''Fort''. The CYC 'fort' is closer to COSMO ''Fort'' but it may alsobe intended for the defensive ''Fortress'' as well. Cyc ('FortTheShelterRegion'): Forts are analogous to campuses, or even miniature villages. They usually consist of a high stone wall enclosing an area with various buildings. There is often a watchtower. They were built to protect people from invaders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortress' in WordNet: 1. (3) fortress, fort - (a fortified defensive structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :Fortification, :Stronghold, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DefensiveWall ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :Fortunate :isTheOppositeOf :Unfortunate ; :ldoce "fortunate" ; :wnsense "fortunate1adj", "lucky1adj" ; :wordnet "fortunate", "lucky" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of some 'IntentionalAgent's that has benefitted from an Event (or FunctionalProcess) that may not have occured, or whose outcome might have been detrimental to that agent. This is an AttributeValue of 'IntentionalAgent's, not of Events. To refer to an Event as being lucky for a person or animal, use 'wasLuckyFor'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'fortunate' and sense 1 of 'lucky' in Wordnet, but applies only to agents, not to Events (such as 'choices); in WordNet: 1. (7) fortunate - (having unexpected good fortune; 'other, less fortunate, children died'; 'a fortunate choice') 1. (11) lucky - (blessed with good fortune; 'considered himself lucky that the tornado missed his house'; 'a lucky guess') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentAttributeValue . :Fortune :ldoce "fortune" ; :wnsense "fortune2n" ; :wordnet "fortune" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fortune is a large MoneyObject; someone whose net worth (see 'hasNetWorth') is a 'Fortune' can be called 'Wealthy'. COSMO adopts the WordNet interpretation that 'a 'Fortune' is a large quantity of 'Riches'. The actual number is somewhat vague and will vary with time and with the community using such concepts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fortune' in WordNet: 2. (3) fortune - (a large amount of wealth or prosperity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Riches . :Fortune-Chance :ldoce "fortune", "luck" ; :wnsense "fortune3n", "luck3n" ; :wordnet "fortune", "luck" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fortune-Chance' in this sense is a mythical agent that determines how human events will transpire when they depend on some element of chance. This is synonymous with one sense of 'luck'. It is personified in mythology by the goddess Fortuna. See the related COSMO concepts 'Fortunate', 'Unfortunate', 'wasLuckyFor', and 'wasUnluckyFor'. This corresponds to sense of 'fortune' in RHW: 7. (cap.) chance personified, commonly regarded as a mythical being distributing arbitrarily or capriciously the lots of life: Perhaps Fortune will smile on our venture. Part of Wordnet sense 3 of 'fortune' and sense 3 of 'luck' (luck is a lady', 'fortune guided his hand') seems to correspond to this COSMO type. in WordNet: 3. (2) luck, fortune - (an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome; 'it was my good luck to be there'; 'they say luck is a lady'; 'it was as if fortune guided his hand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MythicalThing . :Forty :hasCardinalityNumber "40"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "40"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "forty1adj" ; :wordnet "forty" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''Forty'' takes a type and returns a Group containing forty instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forty' in WordNet: 1. (14) forty, 40, xl, twoscore - (being ten more than thirty) """ . :FortyDays :en "forty days", "forty days and forty nights" ; :enn "forty days" ; :hasQuantifier :N_40 ; :hasUnit :days ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 40 days. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time that is some specific 'forty day period'. See ''Lent'' for one use. """ . :FortyEight :hasCardinalityNumber "48"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "48"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "481n", "forty-eight1n", "xlviii1n" ; :wordnet "48", "forty-eight", "xlviii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FortyEight'' takes a type and returns a Group containing forty eight instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forty-eight' in WordNet: 1. forty-eight, 48, xlviii - (being eight more than forty) """ . :FortyFive :hasCardinalityNumber "45"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "45"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "451n", "forty-five1n", "xlv1n" ; :wordnet "45", "forty-five", "xlv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FortyFive'' takes a type and returns a Group containing forty five instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forty-five' in WordNet: 1. forty-five, 45, xlv - (being five more than forty) """ . :FortyFour :hasCardinalityNumber "44"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "44"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "441n", "forty-four1n", "xliv1n" ; :wordnet "44", "forty-four", "xliv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FortyFour'' takes a type and returns a Group containing forty four instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forty-four' in WordNet: 1. forty-four, 44, xliv - (being four more than forty) """ . :FortyNine :hasCardinalityNumber "49"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "49"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "491n", "forty-nine1n", """il """ ; :wordnet "49", "forty-nine", "il" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FortyNine'' takes a type and returns a Group containing forty nine instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forty-nine' in WordNet: 1. forty-nine, 49, il - (being nine more than forty) """ . :FortyOne :hasCardinalityNumber "41"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "41"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "411n", "forty-one1n", "xli1n" ; :wordnet "41", "forty-one", "xli" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FortyOne'' takes a type and returns a Group containing forty one instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forty-one' in WordNet: 1. forty-one, 41, xli - (being one more than forty) """ . :FortySeven :hasCardinalityNumber "47"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "47"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "471n", "forty-seven1n", "xlvii1n" ; :wordnet "47", "forty-seven", "xlvii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FortySeven'' takes a type and returns a Group containing forty seven instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forty-seven' in WordNet: 1. forty-seven, 47, xlvii - (being seven more than forty) """ . :FortySix :hasCardinalityNumber "46"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "46"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "461n", "forty-six1n", "xlvi1n" ; :wordnet "46", "forty-six", "xlvi" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FortySix'' takes a type and returns a Group containing forty six instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forty-six' in WordNet: 1. forty-six, 46, xlvi - (being six more than forty) """ . :FortyThree :hasCardinalityNumber "43"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "43"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "431n", "forty-three1n", "xliii1n" ; :wordnet "43", "forty-three", "xliii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FortyThree'' takes a type and returns a Group containing forty three instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forty-three' in WordNet: 1. forty-three, 43, xliii - (being three more than forty) """ . :FortyTwo :hasCardinalityNumber "42"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "42"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "421n", "forty-two1n", "xlii1n" ; :wordnet "42", "forty-two", "xlii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''FortyTwo'' takes a type and returns a Group containing forty two instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forty-one' in WordNet: 1. forty-two, 42, xlii - (being two more than forty) """ . :Forward :wnsense "forward1adj", "onward1adj" ; :wordnet "forward", "onward" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'forward'is an adjective that specifies that motion is a ForwardMotion, i.e. toward the front of a FrontAndbackSidedObject. The term 'Forwards' is used as a DirectionMeasure. Motion that has the attribute 'Forward' is a 'ForwardMotion'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'forward' in Wordnet: 2. (1) forward, onward - (moving toward a position ahead; 'forward motion'; 'the onward course of events') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ForwardMomentum :wnsense "impulse6n", "momentum1n" ; :wordnet "impulse", "momentum" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ForwardMomentum'' is a ''Potentiality'' (a ''Capability'') of things, abstract or physical, that, by virtue of some Attribute, has the potential to continue doing what it has been doing in spite of some impediments that may appear or be placed in its (possibly abstract) path. This is a metaphorical use of ''Momentum'' in its precise sense in Physics. This is often used of activities that tend to continue due to support from people generated by, for exaple, intermediate results that appear good or promising. The WN gloss for this sense is exactly what is represented by ''Momentum''. Unclear what the glossist had in mind Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'momentum' in WordNet: 1. (7) momentum, impulse - (an impelling force or strength; 'the car's momentum carried it off the road') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Potentiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingEvent ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ] . :ForwardMotion :en "forward motion", "move forward" ; :eng "moving forward" ; :enn "forward motion" ; :env "move forward" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Translocation that is in the direction pointed to by the back-to-front vector of a FrontAndBacksidedObject. In some cases this can be termed 'Advancing'. See subtype 'AdvancingEvent'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forwards ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forward ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forward ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BackwardMotion ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Forwarding :wnsense "forward1v", "forwarding1n", "send on1v" ; :wordnet "forward", "forwarding", "send on" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forwarding' in WordNet: 1. (1) forwarding - (the act of sending on to another destination; 'the forwarding of mail to a new address is done automatically'; 'the forwarding of resumes to the personnel department') WN verb 'forward': 1. (3) forward, send on - (send or ship onward from an intermediate post or station in transit; 'forward my mail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SendingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedDestination ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Person :IntelligentAgent :LocationType :PersonType :RoleType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DocumentType :Document-Physical :AbstractDocument ) ] ] . :Forwards :ldoce "forward", "forwards" ; :wnsense "ahead3adv", "forrader1adv", "forward4adv", "forwards2adv", "onward2adv", "onwards1adv" ; :wordnet "ahead", "forrader", "forward", "forwards", "onward", "onwards" ; a :DirectionMeasure ; rdfs:comment """A DirectionMeasure that specifies that the motion of a FrontAndBackSidedObject is along the back-to-front direction of the Object. Linguistically this is used as an adverb. For the adjective 'forward' (an attribute of motion and certain types of orientation ('looking forward') use 'forward'. NOTE: the AttributeValue ''Forward'' has essentially the same meaning. If duplicative, is there a nuance that can distinguish them? ??'forrader' not in RHW?? Corresponds to adverb sense 4 of 'forward', sense 3 of 'ahead' and sense 2 of 'forwards' in WordNet: 4. (3) ahead, onward, onwards, forward, forwards, forrader - (in a forward direction; 'go ahead'; 'the train moved ahead slowly'; 'the boat lurched ahead'; 'moved onward into the forest'; 'they went slowly forward in the mud') """ . :Fossil :guid "c05748dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fossil2n" ; :wordnet "fossil" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of remains or imprints of #$Plants or #$Animals preserved from prehistoric times by the operation of natural conditions. #$Fossils are found in sedimentary rock, asphalt deposits, and #$Coal and sometimes in #$Amber and certain other materials. NOTE that *some* 'Fossil's are also 'DeadAnimal's or 'DeadOrganism's- if there is some organic or fossilized remains of the original rather than just an impression. @ToDo not yet formalized. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'fossil' in WordNet: 2. fossil - (the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateObject-Natural, :InformationBearingObject . :FossilFuel :guid "c1538a14-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fossil fuel1n" ; :wordnet "fossil fuel" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Although this is classified as a ''Fuel'' the actual fuels used are processed from the natural substances mined from the ground. This is for the substances as they come from the ground, classified here as 'NaturalTangibleStuff' (like ores). CYC; This is the collection of instances of #$CombustibleFuelSubstance which are either naturally created from the decay of organic matter or are refined from such. SUMO: FossilFuel is the subclass of Fuel whose instances are derived from fossilized organic deposits, such as Coal and LiquefiedPetroleumGas. COSMO note: 'ArtificialSubstance' parent was added because stuff in the ground doesn't become Fuel until it is extracted, at which point it is an artifact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fossil fuel' in Wordnet: 1. fossil fuel - (fuel consisting of the remains of organisms preserved in rocks in the earth's crust with high carbon and hydrogen content) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fuel, :NaturalTangibleStuff, :OrganicSubstance . :FosterFather :wnsense "foster father1n", "foster-father1n" ; :wordnet "foster father", "foster-father" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A male ''FosterParent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foster father' in WordNet: 1. foster-father, foster father - (a man who is a foster parent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Father, :FosterParent . :FosterMother :wnsense "foster mother1n", "foster-mother1n" ; :wordnet "foster mother", "foster-mother" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A female ''FosterParent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foster mother' in WordNet: 1. foster-mother, foster mother - (a woman who is a foster parent and raises another's child) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FosterParent, :Mother . :FosterParent :wnsense "foster parent1n", "foster-parent1n" ; :wordnet "foster parent", "foster-parent" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FosterParent'' is an Adult who has accepted formal legal responsibility to perform the functions of a parent of a ''MinorChild'' without legal adoption Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foster parent' in WordNet: 1. foster-parent, foster parent - (a person who acts as parent and guardian for a child in place of the child's natural parents but without legally adopting the child) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalGuardian, :NonParentGuardian . :FosteringSomething :wnsense "foster1v", "foster2v", "foster3v", "nurture1v" ; :wordnet "foster", "nurture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FosteringSomething'' is any Action taken to help growth or development of an Organism, usually Child. Includes all 3 verb senses of 'foster' in WordNet: 1. (13) foster, further - (promote the growth of; 'Foster our children's well-being and education') 2. foster - (bring up under fosterage; of children) 3. foster, nurture - (help develop, help grow; 'nurture his talents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShowingSupportForSomething . :FoulPlay :wnsense "foul play1n" ; :wordnet "foul play" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foul play' in WordNet: 1. foul play - (unfair or treacherous behavior (especially involving violence)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvilDeed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unjust ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FoundObject :en "find" ; :enn "find" ; :wnsense "finding3n" ; :wordnet "finding" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoundObject'' is an ''PhysicalObject'' that is found as a result of a ''FindingAPhysicalObject'' Action. This can be the result of an intentional search, or of an incidental observation. RHW noun sense of 'find': 19. something found; a discovery, esp. a valuable or gratifying one: Our cook was a find. Corresponds to part (for PhysicalObjects) of noun sense 3 of 'finding' in WordNet: 3. (1) finding - (something that is found; 'the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner'; 'an area rich in archaeological findings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscoveredThing, :FoundThing, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FindingAPhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SiteOfaFind ; owl:onProperty :isObtainedFrom ] . :FoundThing :wnsense "finding3n" ; :wordnet "finding" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'FoundThing' is categorized by being the thing found in a 'Finding-Generic' Event. This can be a PhysicalObject or information in any form, such as an observation from a clinical or forensic examination. For ''FoundThing''s that are ''PhysicalObject''s the subtype ''FoundObject'' should be used. For something found as a result of an intentional search the subtype ''DiscoveredThing'' should be used. NOTE: the generic 'isaParticipantIn' relation is used - perhaps an 'wasFoundInEvent' relation should be created? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'finding' in WordNet: 3. (1) finding - (something that is found; 'the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner'; 'an area rich in archaeological findings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectOfanAction, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasFoundInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Finding-Generic ] . :Foundation :en "starting point" ; :wnsense "base9n", "basis2n", "cornerstone1n", "foundation3n", "fundament1n", "groundwork1n" ; :wordnet "base", "basis", "cornerstone", "foundation", "fundament", "groundwork" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Foundation'' is any ''Part'' of a Thing (physical or abstract) that is a necessary part and provides a 'basis' for building up a complex structure. Of necessity it is simpler than the whole thing (theory, physical structure, knowledge) that is elaborated on 'top' of it. A 'foundation' is not necessarily something 'assumed', but can be a set of facts or situations that provide intellectual material to propose extensions or elaborations of what is known or what can be done. The Role that a ''Foundation'' plays relative to the remainder of the whole of which it is a Part can also be expressed as 'starting point'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'foundation' in WordNet: 3. (1) basis, base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone - (the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained; 'the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Basic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FoundationInstitution :wnsense "foundation2n" ; :wordnet "foundation" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'foundation' in WordNet: 2. (3) foundation - (an institution supported by an endowment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Institution . :FoundationTrilogy :hasTopic :OuterSpaceLocation ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :FutureSituation ; :wasAuthoredBy :IsaacAsimov ; a :Novel . :Founder :wnsense "founder2n" ; :wordnet "founder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Founder'' is a Person who participates as a principle (alone or with others) in ''FoundingAnOrganization'' - usually used for large ''Organizations'' or Institutes or schools or charities. . The 'founding fathers' are ''Founder''s Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'founder' in WordNet: 2. (1) founder, beginner, founding father, father - (a person who founds or establishes some institution; 'George Washington is the father of his country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creator, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoundingAnOrganization ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Foundering :wnsense "founder2v", "sink4v" ; :wordnet "founder", "sink" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Foundering'' is the event of a boat 'Sinking' in some body of water. Instance - the sinking of the Titanic? TitanicSinking Includes verb sense 1 of 'funder' and sense 4 of 'sink' in WordNet: 2. founder - (sink below the surface) WN verb 'sink': 4. (3) sink, settle, go down, go under - - (go under, 'The raft sank and its occupants drowned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sinking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Watercraft ] . :FoundingAnOrganization :guid "c03d8619-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "organisation5n", "organise4v", "organization5n", "organize2v" ; :wordnet "organisation", "organise", "organization", "organize" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """is a Group of Actions that result in the formation of some ''Organization'' with a formal structure, including private Organizations as well as Business organizations. The collection of all events in which some instance of #$Organization is formally established. Includes but is broader than verb sense 5 of 'organization' (this is not just for business organizations) and includes part of verb sense of 'organize' in WordNet: 5. (6) organization, organisation - (the act of organizing a business or an activity related to a business; 'he was brought in to supervise the organization of a new department') WN verb 'organize': 2. (6) organize, organise - (cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :Creation, :EstablishingSomething, :FoundingSomething, :ManagementEvent, :Organizing, :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Founder ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organization ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :FoundingSomething :wnsense "constitute4v", "creation4n", "establish2v", "found2v", "foundation7n", "founding1n", "initiation2n", "innovation3n", "instauration1n", "institute1v", "institution4n", "introduction7n", "origination2n", "plant3v" ; :wordnet "constitute", "creation", "establish", "found", "foundation", "founding", "initiation", "innovation", "instauration", "institute", "institution", "introduction", "origination", "plant" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'founding' in WordNet: 1. (2) initiation, founding, foundation, institution, origination, creation, innovation, introduction, instauration - (the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new; 'she looked forward to her initiation as an adult'; 'the foundation of a new scientific society'; 'he regards the fork as a modern introduction') WN verb 'found': 2. (4) establish, found, plant, constitute, institute - (set up or lay the groundwork for; \"establish a new department\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MentalObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Foundling :wnsense "foundling1n" ; :wordnet "foundling" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foundling' in Wordnet: 1. foundling, abandoned infant - (a child who has been abandoned and whose parents are unknown) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbandonedObject, :HumanInfant . :Fountain :wnsense "fount2n", "fountain1n", "fountain4n" ; :wordnet "fount", "fountain" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fountain'' is an ''ArtifactObject'' that can be as small as a pet animal (indoors or in a small garden) or as large as a small building (The Fountain of Trevi in ROme). Its dfining chrateristic is that it emits water, usually by having a pump to force the water out of a spout, but possibly having the water flow by gravity when such a source is available. Just about any decorative artifact that emts water will beincluded in this type. It is unclear whether a garden fountain spouting and recycling water with a Pump would be a 'structure' or a 'fount' in WN terminology, so this is the broad sense of artifact fountain. But this is for decorations, not for the drinking fountain or water cooler to provide drinkable water. Includes noun senses 1 and 4 of 'fountain' in WordNet: 1. (2) fountain - (a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises) 4. fountain, fount - (a plumbing fixture that provides a flow of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Decoration, :HumanSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pump ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Four-Year-Old :en "four-year-old" ; :enadj "four-year-old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Four-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are four years old, i.e. were created or born four years in the past. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FourDimensional :wnsense "4-dimensional1adj", "four-dimensional1adj" ; :wordnet "4-dimensional", "four-dimensional" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of being an Object having four dimensions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'four-dimensional' in Wordnet: 1. four-dimensional, 4-dimensional - (involving or relating to the fourth dimension or time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :FourFurnitureLegs :en "four furniture legs" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FourFurnitureLegs' is a Group of four 'legs' on some piece of furniture - a chair or table or couch, commonly . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "4" ; owl:hasValue :FurnitureLeg ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :FourLegs :hasObjectType :Leg ; :hasQuantifier :N_4 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :FourMillionCarriedPerYear :hasFrequency :FourMillionPerYear ; a :PassengersCarriedPerYear . :FourMillionPerYear :hasQuantifier :N_4000000 ; a :FrequencyPerYear . :FourOxygenAtoms :hasObjectType :OxygenAtom ; :hasQuantifier :N_4 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :FourPerCent :hasQuantifier :N_4 ; :hasUnit :percent ; a :Commission-Fee . :FourSeasons :en "four seasons", "the four seasons" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the Group of the four ''SeasonOfYear''s each occurring for three months, and all four comprising the full Year. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CalendarSpring ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CalendarSummer ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CalendarAutumn ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CalendarWinter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :FourWheelDriveVehicle :wnsense "4WD1n", "four-wheel drive1n" ; :wordnet "4WD", "four-wheel drive" ; a :ContainerType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any vehicles that deliverspower to all four wheels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'four-wheel drive' in WordNet: 1. four-wheel drive, 4WD - (a motor vehicle with a four-wheel drive transmission system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoadVehicle . :FourWheels :hasObjectType :SupportingWheel ; :hasQuantifier :N_4 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :FourYear :en "four-year" ; :enadj "four-year" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :FourYears ; :pertainsTo :FourYears ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FourYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for four years, or plans that specify Events over the course of four years. 'Attending a four-year college. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :FourYearOldChild :en "four year old" ; :enn "four year old" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FourYears ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :FourYearSchool :en "four-year shcool" ; :enn "four-year shcool" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FourYearSchool'' is any ''School'' whose course of instruction from entering to granting a degree is scheduled for four calendar years. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :School . :FourYearStudent a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FourYearStudent'' is a Student at a ''FourYearSchool'' where students typically study for four years such as 'High School or 'College' (as distinct from 'Junior College' that has a curriculum lasting two years) Such students are divided chronologically into the year that they are currently pursuing as 'freshman', 'sophomore' 'junior' and 'senior'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Student . :FourYears :en "four years" ; :enn "four years" ; :hasQuantifier :N_4 ; :hasUnit :years ; :relatedInternalConcept :Year ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 4 years. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :Four_times a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier . :Foursome :wnsense "foursome1n", "quartet4n", "quartette3n" ; :wordnet "foursome", "quartet", "quartette" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Foursome''is a ''GroupOfFourOrMorePeople'' having exactly four people in it, considered as a unit for any purpose. This could be,for example, a golf 'foursome' or singing 'quartet' or a Grooup playing some game, as of cards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foursome' in WordNet: 1. (1) quartet, quartette, foursome - (four people considered as a unit; 'he joined a barbershop quartet'; 'the foursome teed off before 9 a.m.') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfFourOrMorePeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:cardinality "4" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Fourth :hasNumericalAbbreviation "4th" ; :hasOrderNumber "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "fourth" ; :wnsense "fourth1adj" ; :wordnet "fourth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fourth' in WordNet: 1. (33) fourth, 4th, quaternary - (coming next after the third and just before the fifth in position or time or degree or magnitude; 'the quaternary period of geologic time extends from the end of the tertiary period to the present') """ . :FourthPlace :en "fourth place" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContestRank . :Fox :guid "bd58be87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fox" ; :wnsense "fox1n" ; :wordnet "fox" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Canines with a bushy tail and pointed ears and nose. Foxes tend to be much smaller than most DomesticDogs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fox' in WordNet: 1. (3) fox - (alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canine, :Scavenger . :FoxTrotting :wnsense "fox-trot1n", "foxtrot1n", "foxtrot1v" ; :wordnet "fox-trot", "foxtrot" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'foxtrot' in WordNet: 1. foxtrot - (dance the foxtrot) WN noun 'foxtrot': 1. fox-trot, foxtrot - (a ballroom dance in quadruple time; combines short and long and fast and slow steps fixed sequences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallroomDancing . :FractionFrom0to1 :en "fraction between 0 and 1" ; a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PositiveRealNumber that is a fraction greater than or equal to zero, and less than or equal to 1. This is useful for expressing probabilities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PositiveRealNumber . :FractionalComponentSubstance a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FractionalComponentSubstance is an instance of 'SubstanceType' and a subtype of 'PhysicalSubstance' that is a component part of some other PhysicalSubstance, pointed to by the relation 'hasComponentSubstance' from the parent substance to the specific subtype of 'FractionalComponentSubstance', and has an attribute value 'isWeightFraction' that indicates what percentage of the whole substance consists of this FractionalComponentSubstance. The parent substance of which The percentage composition (which can be mass percent or volume percent) is a necessary part of the definition of each instance of this Type. Every subtype of this type must be an instance of SubstanceType. The substance that *comprises* that percentage in the mixture will be represented by having that substance as a parent type (if one represents it as a subtype of substance) or if representing the fractional component as an instance of substance,will have the componentsubstanceas the type of that instance. (see ''TenKaratGld'' for an example) This odd Type is included as a way to represent fractional substance composition, which more naturally would be represented by a ternary relation [e.g., (hasFractionalComponent Air Oxygen 20%). But to accommodate the OWL binary relation restrictions, this Type is added.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SubstanceType ; owl:onProperty :isaFractionalComponentOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NumberRange ; owl:onProperty :hasWeightFractionRange ] . :FractionalDistillation :wnsense "fractional distillation1n" ; :wordnet "fractional distillation" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FractionalDistillation'' is a ''Distilling'' (a type of ''Purifying'') in which some ''LiquidSubstanceType'' is converted into one or more other ''LiquidSubstanceType''(s) and perhaps other products or by-products. One promininent subtype of this type is the refining of crude oil by \"FractionalDistillation\" into gasoline, kerosene, and other products. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fractional distillation' in WordNet: 1. fractional distillation - (fractionation of a liquid by distillation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distilling, :ProcessiveEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasRequiredInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance :ldoce "part" ; :wnsense "part4n", "part7n" ; :wordnet "part" ; a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' is a expression describing **what quantitative part** of some mixture (of Objects or Substances) consists of **a specific Object or Substance**. There are various 'part' relations in COSMO, but this type is created to allow a description of how big a fraction of one Thing is comprised by another, using two specialized relations ''hasSalientFractionalPart'' and ''hasFractionMeasure'') to specify the details of each instance.. Each instance of ''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' will specify the salient Thing whose fraction is of interest (pointed to by relation ''hasSalientFractionalPart''), and the quantitative fractional part which that Thing comprises at the start of a ''Purifying'' or ''ConcentatingaSubstance'' Event (pointed to by the relation ''hasFractionMeasure'') The Fraction measures specified by ''hasFractionMeasure'' will be ''ConcentrationMeasure'', ''WeightPerCent'' or ''Ratio'. See also related relations ''isWeightFraction'' and ''hasConcentration'' Includes noun senses 4 and 7 of 'part' in WordNet (physical parts of either natural or artifactual objects), and sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'Piece' (unclear from the example how broad sense 1 of 'piece' is):: WN 'part' in WordNet: 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') 7. (67) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalPartOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientFractionalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFractionMeasure ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ConcentrationMeasure :Ratio :WeightRatio :VolumeRatio :NumberRange ) ] ] . :FractionalPartOfSomething :ldoce "part" ; :wnsense "part4n", "part7n", "portion2n" ; :wordnet "part", "portion" ; a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FractionalPartOfSomething'' is a expression describing **what quantitative part** of some entity {Object(s) or Substance(s) or Event(s)s or TimeIntervals, anything that can have parts} consists of **a specific** {Object(s) or Substance(s) or Event(s)s or TimeInterval}. There are various 'part' relations in COSMO, but this type is created to allow a description of **how big a fraction** of one Thing is comprised by another, using two specialized relations ''hasSalientFractionalPart'' and ''hasFractionMeasure'') to specify the details of each instance. For PhysicalObjects or substances, the subtype ''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' can be used to be more specific. Each instance of ''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' will specify the salient Thing whose fraction is of interest (pointed to by relation ''hasSalientFractionalPart''), and the quantitative fractional part which that Thing comprises at the start of a ''Purifying'' or ''ConcentratingaSubstance'' Event (pointed to by the relation ''hasFractionMeasure'') The Fraction measures specified by ''hasFractionMeasure'' will be ''ConcentrationMeasure'', ''FractionFrom0to1'' or ''Ratio'. NOTE: instances will in general point to the 'something' of which it is a 'SalientFractionalPart' but that is not reqired, as some subtypes may be more general and not have specific parts of reference. See also related relations ''isWeightFraction'' and ''hasConcentration'' Includes noun senses 4 and 7 of 'part' in WordNet (physical parts of either natural or artifactual objects), and sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'Piece' (unclear from the example how broad sense 1 of 'piece' is): in WordNet: WN 'part' 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') 7. (67) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientFractionalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFractionMeasure ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ConcentrationMeasure :Ratio :FractionFrom0to1 :Quantifier ) ] ] . :FractionalPartOfaGroup :ldoce "part" ; :wnsense "part4n", "portion2n" ; :wordnet "part", "portion" ; a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FractionalPartOfaGroup'' is a expression describing what fraction of the members of a Group (of any kind) consists of individual members of some specific kind. Groups can consist of any kind of entities, so the knd of thing that forms the fraction of interest can be of ay kind. The *fraction* itself will be a ''Ratio''. The ''Ratio'''will not necessarily be dimensionless, since the type of each member may be of interest in the expression of a ''FractionalPartOfaGroup''. The Type of the proportion of interest is pointed to by the relation ''hasSalientFractionalPart'', and the fraction that is part is pointed to by the relation ''hasFractionMeasure'' (which will take a ''Ratio'' as value. Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 and 7 of 'part' in WN (not requiring that the thing whose part is of interest is an artifact) in WordNet: 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalPartOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientFractionalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFractionMeasure ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Ratio :FractionFrom0to1 :Quantifier ) ] ] . :Fractionation :wnsense "fractional process1n", "fractionation1n" ; :wordnet "fractional process", "fractionation" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Fractionation'' is an ''IndustrialProcessiveEvent'' that processes some ''PhysicalSubstance'' to produce more than one ''Artifact-Generic''. This is not necessarily performed as a commercial Action; it can be for research or as a hobby. The ''SubstanceType's produced can be solid, liquid, or gas. NOTE: this type of Action does not require heating, though it usually does. This includes fractional crystallization as a well as ''FractionalDistillation''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'fractionation' in WordNet: 1. (2) fractionation, fractional process - (a process that uses heat to separate a substance into its components) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessiveEvent, :Purifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasRequiredInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :Fractured :ened "fractured" ; :guid "29cee87a-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BreakingaBone ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subtype of 'Cracked' specifically referring to fractured ('broken') bones. NOTE: The CYC entity is an Object, but in COSMO it is an ''AttributeValue''. The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible that have been cracked but not completely shattered. Something that has been fractured or has a fractured part will often retain physical integrity, but will usually have its functionality impaired in some way. fractured """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Damaged, :PastParticiple . :FracturedBone :en "broken bone", "fractured bone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FracturedBone'' is a ''bone'' that has been fractured (or broken) in a ''FracturingaBone'' event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fractured ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FracturingaBone ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :FracturingaBone :en "breaking a bone", "fracturing", "fracturing a bone" ; :wnsense "fracture4v" ; :wordnet "fracture" ; a :EventType, :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FracturingaBone'' is the Intransitive Event that causes the state of ''BeingFractured'', and is a necessary subEvent of the transitive Action ''BreakingaBone''. Corresponds to (intransitive) verb sense 4 of 'fracture' in WordNet: 4. fracture - (become fractured; 'The tibia fractured from the blow of the iron pipe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrackingEvent, :DamagingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bone ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingFractured ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreakingaBone ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FracturedBone ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Fragile :isTheOppositeOf :Brief ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Durable'' is an attribute that specifies that some ArtifactObject can last (serve its purpose) longer than other artifacts of the same type (intended purpose). This attribute is relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. Includes but is not llimited to adjective sense 2 of 'durable' in WordNet: 2. durable, long-wearing - (serviceable for a long time; 'durable denim jeans') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Fragment :wnsense "fragment1n" ; :wordnet "fragment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fragment'' is a small ''PieceOfAnObject'' created by an Event (which can be natural) of ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fragment' in Wordnet: 1. (10) fragment - (a piece broken off or cut off of something else; 'a fragment of rock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfAnObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSmallPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreakingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :FragmentGroup :en "fragments", "pieces" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FragmentGroup'' is a group of ''Fragment''s, created by an Event (which can be natural) of ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fragment' in Wordnet: 1. (10) fragment - (a piece broken off or cut off of something else; \"a fragment of rock\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreakingSomethingIntoPieces ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Fragment ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Fragmentation :wnsense "atomisation1n", "atomization1n", "fragmentation1n" ; :wordnet "atomisation", "atomization", "fragmentation" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fragmentation'' is the breaking a PhysicalObject into at least two small parts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fragmentation' in WordNet: 1. (1) atomization, atomisation, fragmentation - (separating something into fine particles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DividingSomethingIntoParts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmallObject ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Fragmented :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfParts ; :isTheOppositeOf :Intact ; :wnsense "fragmented1adj" ; :wordnet "fragmented" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Fragmented'' is very general and can apply to human Groups or ideas as well as physical objects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fragmented' in Wordnet: 1. disconnected, disunited, fragmented, split - (having been divided; having the unity destroyed; \"Congress...gave the impression of...a confusing sum of disconnected local forces\"-Samuel Lubell; \"a league of disunited nations\"- E.B.White; \"a fragmented coalition\"; \"a split group\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Divided . :Fragmenting :wnsense "break up16v", "fragment1v", "fragmentise1v", "fragmentize1v" ; :wordnet "break up", "fragment", "fragmentise", "fragmentize" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fragmenting'' is the breaking a PhysicalObject into at least two parts. For breaking into small parts use subtype ''Fragmentation''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fragment' in WordNet: 1. break up, fragment, fragmentize, fragmentise - (break or cause to break into pieces; 'The plate fragmented') WN noun 'fragmentation' (part - for any size pieces): 1. (1) atomization, atomisation, fragmentation - (separating something into fine particles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DividingSomethingIntoParts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FragmentGroup ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fragmented ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Fragrance :wnsense "aroma2n", "fragrance1n", "perfume2n", "scent1n" ; :wordnet "aroma", "fragrance", "perfume", "scent" ; a :EmittableThingType, :GaseousSubstanceType, :OdorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'OdorousGas' that is pleasant. Distinguishes between gas and 'odor'. This is the gas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fragrance' in WordNet; however, in WordNet 'fragrance' is a subtype of 'smell', represented as a Sensation in COSMO, and in COSMO this type 'Fragrance' is a subtype of the property 'Odor', not the sensation: in WordNet: 1. (1) aroma, fragrance, perfume, scent - (a distinctive odor that is pleasant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OdorousGas, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fragrant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fragrant :isTheOppositeOf :Stinky ; :wnsense "aromatic2adj", "fragrant1adj" ; :wordnet "aromatic", "fragrant" ; a :OdorType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fragrant'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of a ''Odor'' that is ''Pleasant'', or of something emitting that odor. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fragrant' and sense 2 of 'aromatic; in WordNet: 1. (2) fragrant - (pleasant-smelling) WN adj 'aromatic': 2. aromatic, redolent - (having a strong pleasant odor; 'the pine woods were more redolent'- Jean Stafford) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OdorAttribute, :Pleasant . :Frame :guid "bd58c9bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "frame" ; :wnsense "frame1n" ; :wordnet "frame" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A physical border or frame that encloses or 'contains' or otherwise marks a boundary, e.g. a picture frame, a window frame (one around the portal, and one around the panes of glass), a television screen frame, etc. This is NOT the AI use of the word 'frame'; and it is *not* a building frame, for that use the parent type 'Framework'. Includes part of but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'frame' in WordNet: 1. (7) framework, frame, framing - (a structure supporting or containing something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :Framework . :Framed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FramingaPicture ; :wnsense "framed1adj" ; :wordnet "framed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'framed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) framed - (provided with a frame; 'there were framed snapshots of family and friends on her desk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Framework :wnsense "frame1n", "framework3n" ; :wordnet "frame", "framework" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject artifact (SolidTangibleArtifact) that forms a Network of pieces and serves as a structural support for other objects fastened to it or from it. This is more general than a ''CrissCross'' in that it can be in three dimensions. A Framework is an Artifact; a Skeleton cannot be considered as a Framework, though it has an analogous natural function. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'framework' and sense 1 of 'frame' in Wordnet: 3. framework, frame, framing - (a structure supporting or containing something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Network, :SupportingObject . :FramingaPerson :wnsense "ensnare1v", "entrap1v", "frame-up1n", "set up7v", "setup1n" ; :wordnet "ensnare", "entrap", "frame-up", "set up", "setup" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'frame' in WordNet: 3. (1) ensnare, entrap, frame, set up - (take or catch as if in a snare or trap; 'I was set up!'; 'The innocent man was framed by the police') WN noun 'frame-up': 1. frame-up, setup - (an act that incriminates someone on a false charge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accusing, :Lying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FalseEvidence ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :FramingaPicture :wnsense "frame2v" ; :wordnet "frame" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FramingaPicture'' is a specific subtype of ''Enclosing'' for placing a ''FreeSheet'' (a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'') that has writing or graphic content, into a ''PictureFrame'' that is a flat Object that is designed to hold flat documents or pictures, and conceal only at most the edges, while allowing most of the document or picture to be viewed - while itself being hung on a wall or placed on some surface for display. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'frame' in WordNet: 2. (3) frame - (enclose in a frame, as of a picture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enclosing, :MovementOrShapeChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :PictureFrame ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Framed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :France :wnsense "France1n" ; :wordnet "France" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'France' in WordNet: 1. (12) France, French Republic - (a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe) """ . :France-Metropolitan a :Country . :Franchise :wnsense "concession1n", "franchise1n" ; :wordnet "concession", "franchise" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Franchise'' is a Permission granted by some business (a 'Concessionaire') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'franchise' in WordNet: 1. (2) franchise - (an authorization to sell a company's goods or services in a particular place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Permission . :FrancisScottKey :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isTheCreatorOf :TheStarSpangledBanner ; a :DeadPerson, :IntelligentAgent, :MalePerson . :Francium :guid "bd58c238-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "87"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Fr1n", "francium1n" ; :wordnet "Fr", "francium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the substance ''Francium'', a radoactive element. This is not (as in CYC) an 'object'. CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of francium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'francium' in WordNet: 1. francium, Fr, atomic number 87 - (a radioactive element of the alkali-metal group discovered as a disintegration product of actinium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlkaliMetal, :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Frank :hasAdverbialForm :Candidly ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Candor ; :isTheOppositeOf :Evasive ; :wnsense "blunt3adj", "candid1adj", "forthright1adj", "frank1adj", "free-spoken1adj", "outspoken2adj", "plainspoken2adj", "point-blank1adj", "straight-from-the-shoulder1adj" ; :wordnet "blunt", "candid", "forthright", "frank", "free-spoken", "outspoken", "plainspoken", "point-blank", "straight-from-the-shoulder" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'candid' in Wordnet: 1. (1) blunt, candid, forthright, frank, free-spoken, outspoken, plainspoken, point-blank, straight-from-the-shoulder - (characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion; 'blunt talking and straight shooting'; 'a blunt New England farmer'; ' I gave them my candid opinion'; 'forthright criticism'; 'a forthright approach to the problem'; 'tell me what you think--and you may just as well be frank'; 'it is possible to be outspoken without being rude'; 'plainspoken and to the point'; 'a point-blank accusation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Honest . :Frankfurter :guid "be00aab0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dog5n", "frank2n", "frankfurter1n", "hot dog3n", "hotdog3n", "weenie1n", "wiener2n", "wienerwurst1n" ; :wordnet "dog", "frank", "frankfurter", "hot dog", "hotdog", "weenie", "wiener", "wienerwurst" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hotdog' in WordNet: 3. frank, frankfurter, hotdog, hot dog, dog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie - (a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sausage . :Frantically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Frenzied, :Unrestrained ; :wnsense "frantically1adv" ; :wordnet "frantically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Frantically'' is an AdverbialModifier that includes the adverbial forms of both ''Frenzied'' and ''Unrestrained'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'frantically' in Wordnet: 1. (5) frantically - (in an uncontrolled manner; 'they searched frantically for their child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Fraternity :wnsense "frat1n", "fraternity1n" ; :wordnet "frat", "fraternity" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fraternity' in WordNet: 1. (1) fraternity, frat - (a social club for male undergraduates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MaleUndergraduate ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Fraud :wnsense "fraud1n" ; :wordnet "fraud" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fraud'' is a subtype of ''TrickingSomeone'' in which the tricked Person not only performs some action but that action causes some harm to the ''LegalAgent'' (usually a Person, sometimes an Organization) deceived. Most commonly, the person deceived loses some money. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fraud' in WordNet: 1. (5) fraud - (intentional deception resulting in injury to another person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HarmingAnAgent, :TrickingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ] . :Fraudulent :wnsense "deceitful1adj", "fraudulent1adj" ; :wordnet "deceitful", "fraudulent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fraudulent' in Wordnet: 1. deceitful, fallacious, fraudulent - (intended to deceive; 'deceitful advertising'; 'fallacious testimony'; 'smooth, shining, and deceitful as thin ice' - S.T.Coleridge; 'a fraudulent scheme to escape paying taxes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Misleading . :Fraught :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Implication, :Significance ; :wnsense "fraught2adj", "pregnant3adj" ; :wordnet "fraught", "pregnant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fraught'' is a vague attribute aserting that the thing characterized has some related Significance, or some Salient consequence or implication. Linguistically the word 'fraught' in this sense is usually followed by 'with'. RHW: 1. fraught with, full of; accompanied by; involving: a task fraught with danger. meaning, substance Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'fraught' in Wordnet: 2. fraught, pregnant - (filled with or attended with; 'words fraught with meaning'; 'an incident fraught with danger'; 'a silence pregnant with suspense') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Fray :wnsense "affray2n", "disturbance4n", "fray1n", "ruffle3n" ; :wordnet "affray", "disturbance", "fray", "ruffle" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fray'' is a noisy ''Fight-Physical'' involving more than two people that is not a military action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fray' in WordNet: 1. affray, disturbance, fray, ruffle - (a noisy fight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fight-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Noisy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoudNoise ; owl:onProperty :causes ] ; owl:disjointWith :MilitaryEngagement . :Frayed :isAnAttributeValueOf :FabricObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Fraying ; :wnsense "frayed1adj" ; :wordnet "frayed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Frayed'' is a subAttribute of ''Tattered'' used for a ''FabricObject'' that has been visibly worn *at the edge* by use, though not necessarily worn elsewere.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frayed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) frayed - (worn away or tattered along the edges; 'frayed cuffs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tattered . :Fraying :wnsense "fray1v", "frazzle1v" ; :wordnet "fray", "frazzle" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fraying'' is an Event in which the edge of some ''Fabric'' becomes noticeably worn, possibly having individual threads sticking out. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fray' in WordNet: 1. fray, frazzle - (wear away by rubbing; 'The friction frayed the sleeve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, :Rubbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :FabricObject ] . :Freak :wnsense "freak1n", "lusus naturae1n", "monster3n", "monstrosity1n" ; :wordnet "freak", "lusus naturae", "monster", "monstrosity" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freak' in WordNet: 1. (4) freak, monster, monstrosity, lusus naturae - (a person or animal that is markedly unusual or deformed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mutant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mutating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mutated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Freckle :guid "bd58e046-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "freckle1n" ; :wordnet "freckle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pigmented Spot (small enough to be only a ''Speckle'') of Skin on a person's skin, usually brown or reddish-orange in color. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freckle' in WordNet: 1. (1) freckle, lentigo - - (a small brownish spot (of the pigment melanin) on the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyRegion, :PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface, :Skin, :SolidObject, :Speckle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Melanin ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Freckled :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Freckles ; :isTheOppositeOf :SolidColored ; :wnsense "freckled1adj" ; :wordnet "freckled" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of a surface (usually a human face) that has at least two and usually multiple ''Freckles''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of freckled' in Wordnet: 1. freckled, lentiginous, lentiginose - (relating to or covered with or resembling freckles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spotted . :Freckles :en "freckles" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of ''Freckle''s on the surface of Skin. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Freckle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Free :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Freedom ; :isTheOppositeOf :Constrained ; :ldoce "free" ; :wnsense "free1adj" ; :wordnet "free" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Free'is a very broad Attribute of animals meaning 'unconstrained', that needs to be interpreted in a specific context. It may mean 'not in prison' or 'not in a cage' or any of many ways that can indicate that some person or animal is no longer constrained by some forces that had or might have constrained it. For the meaning 'cost free' or 'gratis' use ''CostFree''. To be more specific about freedom and constraint,see 'isaFreedomFrom' and 'Limitation'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'free' and sense 1 of 'unconstrained' in WordNet: 1. (38) free - (able to act at will; not hampered; not under compulsion or restraint; 'free enterprise'; 'a free port'; 'a free country'; 'I have an hour free'; 'free will'; 'free of racism'; 'feel free to stay as long as you wish'; 'a free choice') WN adjective 'unconstrained': 1. unconstrained - (free from constraint; 'he was unconstrained by any of the sanctions of polite society'; 'the dog was unconstrained'; 'idle, unconstrained gossip') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Free-ReedInstrument :wnsense "free-reed instrument1n" ; :wordnet "free-reed instrument" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'free-reed instrument' in WordNet: 1. free-reed instrument - (a wind instrument with a free reed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WindInstrument-Musical . :FreeLiving :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BirthEvent ; :wnsense "free-living1adj" ; :wordnet "free-living" ; a :PastParticipleType, :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FreeLiving'' is a subtype of ''Alive'' and is an attribute of an Organism that is no longer contained within another organism as part of its development process, and has experienced a ''BirthEvent''. This distinction allows referring to a Fetus or Embryo as ''Alive'' even though it is not ''FreeLiving'', and this connotes various distinctive properties. perhaps call this 'BornAlive'?? This sense does not imply, as does the WN gloss a 'non-parasitic' state- that could be a subtype. (usually one wants to specify 'parasitic') Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'free-living' in WordNet, but the WN gloss is not clear as to whether being 'not parasitic' also excludes being in a fetal stage of development, which this sense does exclude: in WordNet: 1. free-living, nonparasitic, nonsymbiotic - (not parasitic on another organism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive, :PastParticiple . :FreeMonomerUnit :wnsense "monomer1n" ; :wordnet "monomer" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FreeMonomerUnit'' is the substance that is linked together to produce a ''Polymer'' (or for heteropolymers, one of the substances). For example, in polyethylene, 'ethylene' is the ''FreeMonomerUnit''; in a ''NucleicAcid'', one or more 'Nucleotide's would be the ''FreeMonomerUnit''s. When bonded in the polymer it is referred to as a ''MonomerUnit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monomer' in WordNet: 1. (1) monomer - (a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound . :FreeRide :wnsense "lift11n" ; :wordnet "lift" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FreeRide'' is a 'RidingAsAPassenger' in which the Person riding as passenger does not pay the driver or any service group for the service, and does not incur an obligation, as would be the case in a car pool.. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'lift' in WordNet: 11. lift - (a ride in a car; 'he gave me a lift home') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingAsAPassenger, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CostFree ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] ; owl:disjointWith :ControllingATransportationDevice . :FreeSheet :guid "be2a4be2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a FreeSheet may be sewn or woven into shapes that form a continuous loop, such as a piece of clothing such as a T-shirt or pair of pants. The important criterion is to be SheetLike and have tow sides open to contact with other objects. It may actually consist of two or more sheets layered to form a thicker sheet. COSMO note: we classify 'WallPaperSheet' as a FreeSheet though when used it will have one side attached to some surface. The important criterion is that it have two sides exposed at some time (as contrasted with the surface portion of a solid object, which always has one side attached to the remainder of the object). CYC: A specialization of #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Each instance of #$FreeSheet is a sheet of tangible stuff that has two sides open to the environment. That is, over most of each of its surfaces, it is not related by #$sheetSurfaceConnected (q.v.) with something else. Specializations include #$SheetOfPaper, #$Towel, #$Fence, and #$CreditCard.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetLike ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FreeSpaceRegion :guid "bd58ee65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "space" ; :wnsense "space2n" ; :wordnet "space" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A region of space containing gas or liquid or vacuum or matter more rarified than a gas - neither a physical object nor a physical substance. A FreeSpaceRegion is a Region in which PhysicalObjects can move, but it is only the space, and not the contents of that space. A FreeSpaceRegion can be defined by the space occupied by some object, as in 'UnderWater'. Thus locations in the Ocean may be a 'FreeSpaceRegion', but the water in that region is merely present or located in that region, the water is not the region itself. Cyc ('EmptySpaceRegion') A specialization of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical whose instances are connected regions of empty space located in the empirically observable universe. The meaning of empty depends on context. In a high-energy physics microtheory where empty is defined as containing no particles, an empty space region would be a complete vacuum (see also #$Vacuum). In #$AmbientConditionsMt an empty space region would be occupied by a piece of #$Atmosphere. An undersea context could treat empty space regions as filled with seawater. An instance of #$EmptySpaceRegion is intangible, and not to be confused with the material - if any - that occupies it (cf. #$FreeSpaceContent). NOTE: WN has no exact entry for this type. The sense 2 of 'space' appears to cover both ''FreeSpaceRegion'' and ''SpatialArea'', in part because WN does not distinguish between a ''Region'' of space and the PhysicalObjects contained within that place. The synset below is used for both, but the two concepts are disjoint. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'space' in WordNet: 2. (18) space - (an empty area (usually bounded in some way between things); 'the architect left space in front of the building'; 'they stopped at an open space in the jungle'; 'the space between his teeth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Empty ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FreeThing :guid "c0bf44e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "freebee1n", "freebie1n" ; :wordnet "freebee", "freebie" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$TemporalThings that are available at no cost. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freebie' in WordNet: 1. freebie, freebee - (something that is free (usually provided as part of a promotional scheme); 'the road map was a freebie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeterogeneousCategory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CostFree ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :FreeWeight :guid "bd58c9c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "exercising weight1n", "free weight1n", "weight2n" ; :wordnet "exercising weight", "free weight", "weight" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A weight used in a WeightliftingSportsEvent. This includes individual metal or plastic discs (with a hole in the center) that can be inserted on a rod (a 'barbell') as well as an assembly of such discs supported on a barbell, and also one-piece ''Dumbbell-Weight''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'free weight' in WordNet: 1. weight, free weight, exercising weight - (sports equipment used in calisthenic exercises and weightlifting; it is not attached to anything and is raised and lowered by use of the hands and arms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device-SingleUser, :NonPoweredDevice, :SmallObject, :SportsEquipment, :WeightDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeightLifting ; owl:onProperty :isMovedInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeightLifting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Freedom :ldoce "freedom" ; :wnsense "freedom1n" ; :wordnet "freedom" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Freedom'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which something is ''Free'', which is to have the ability to act without some ''Limitation'' (constraint). There are many kinds of freedom, as many as there are potential constraints: the constraint from which one is free should be specified by the relation 'isaFreedomFrom' (pointing to an instance of 'Limitation'), or if the 'Freedom' is expressed in a positive sense, the Action one is free to do should be pointed to by 'isaFreedomToDo' (pointing to a type of Action). This is similar to a ''Right'' in enabling (socially,not physically) aome ''Action''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freedom' in WordNet: 1. (26) freedom - (the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Free ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Limitation :LimitationType :Event :EventType :AttributeValueType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFreedomFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Limitation :LimitationType :EventType ) ] ] . :Freedom-Emotion :guid "c0fd6cd0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pleasant emotion associated with situations where the person believes themself to be relatively unconstrained in their behavior, not controlled by others.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FreedomOfChoice :en "freedom of coice", "personal freedom" ; :wnsense "liberty2n" ; :wordnet "liberty" ; a :ActionType, :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FreedomOfChoice'' is a form of ''Freedom'' in which every Person is allowed to pursue ther own interests that do not infringe other pople's similar ''FreedomOfChoice'', without arbitrary restraint by authorities, especially governmental authorities. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'liberty' in WordNet: 2. (2) liberty - (freedom of choice; 'liberty of opinion'; 'liberty of worship'; 'liberty--perfect liberty-to think or feel or do just as one pleases'; 'at liberty to choose whatever occupation one wishes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Freedom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Restraint ; owl:onProperty :isaFreedomFrom ] . :FreedomToAct :wnsense "discretion1n" ; :wordnet "discretion" ; a :ActionType, :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FreedomToAct'' is a ''FreedomOfChoice'' in performing some Action where alternatives are available. Often labelled ''discretion'. 'the choice is at your discretion'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discretion' in WordNet: 1. (5) discretion - (freedom to act or judge on one's own) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Freedom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Freelance :isAnAttributeValueOf :FreelanceWorker ; :wnsense "freelance1adj", "self-employed1adj" ; :wordnet "freelance", "self-employed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'freelance' in Wordnet: 1. freelance, self-employed - (working for yourself) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FreelanceWorker :wnsense "freelance1n", "independent2n", "self-employed person1n" ; :wordnet "freelance", "independent", "self-employed person" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FreelanceWorker'' is a ''Person'' who does not have a 'regular job' - is not an ''Employee' of some LegalAgent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freelance' in WordNet: 1. freelance, independent, self-employed person - (a writer or artist who sells services to different employers without a long-term contract with any of them) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Freelance ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Employee . :Freely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Free ; :wnsense "freely1n" ; :wordnet "freely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Freely'' is a broadly applicable AdverbialModifier that modifies Actions to express the notion that the Action characterized was performed without some restraint of any of various kinds - physical constraint on movement, mental constraint or inhibition, hindrance by obstacles and others. The broad applicability reflects the broad applicability of the base adjective 'free'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'freely' in Wordnet: 1. (8) freely - (in a free manner; 'the painting featured freely brushed strokes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :FreestyleRace :wnsense "freestyle1n" ; :wordnet "freestyle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The term 'freestyle' is mostly used in swimming races, where thereare vrious 'styles' of swimming that are defined and required in different ''Race''s. Where there are other sports having competitions using sdifferent styles of the same basic activity, the term 'freestyle' may also apply, but this is for 'freestyle' subtypes of racing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freestyle' in WordNet: 1. freestyle - (a race (as in swimming) in which each contestant has a free choice of the style to use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Race . :Freeze :wnsense "freeze2n", "frost2n", "iciness1n" ; :wordnet "freeze", "frost", "iciness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Freeze'' is a ''TemperatureSituation'' in which the air temperature is below 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 deg C). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'freeze' in WordNet: 2. freeze, frost - (weather cold enough to cause freezing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemperatureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cold ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Freezer :wnsense "deep-freeze1n", "freezer1n" ; :wordnet "deep-freeze", "freezer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ElectricDevice designed to maintain a temperature below 0 centigrade in a compartment that can hold items requiring refrigeration. A Freezer may be part of a Refrigerator, or may be a stand-alone Freezer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freezer' in Wordnet: 1. deep-freeze, Deepfreeze, deep freezer, freezer - (electric refrigerator (trade name Deepfreeze) in which food is frozen and stored for long periods of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :RefrigeratedStorageDevice . :Freezing :eng "freezing" ; :guid "bd58a837-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "freeze" ; :wnsense "freeze1v", "freeze4v", "freeze7v" ; :wordnet "freeze" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Each instance of #$Freezing is an event in which an object is cooled to a temperature at or below its freezing point (see the predicate #$freezingPoint), and is thereby changed from a #$Liquid-StateOfMatter to a #$Solid-StateOfMatter. NOTE: this is not just for water!! SUMO: The Class of Processes where an Object is cooled and converted from a Liquid to a Solid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freezing' and includes transitive verb senses 1 and 4 and intransitive sense 7 of 'freeze' in WordNet: 1. freeze, freezing - (the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid) WN verb 'freeze': 1. (7) freeze - (change to ice; 'The water in the bowl froze') 4. (1) freeze - (cause to freeze; 'Freeze the leftover food') 7. freeze, freeze out, freeze down - (change from a liquid to a solid when cold; 'Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoolingProcess, :HeatProductionProcess, :Solidification . :FreightCar :wnsense "car2n" ; :wordnet "car" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FreightCar'' is a ''RailroadCar'' designed to transport freight, rather than passengers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RailroadCar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreightTrain ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cargo ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :FreightTrain :guid "6c8efe36-7f45-41d7-867c-bd44e3609b91" ; :wnsense "freight train1n" ; :wordnet "freight train" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all freight trains. These are trains whose #$primaryFunction is to transport goods, not paying #$passengers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freight train' in Wordnet: 1. freight train, rattler - (a railroad train consisting of freight cars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Train-TransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreightCar ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cargo ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :French :pertainsTo :France ; :wnsense "French1adj", "Gallic2adj" ; :wordnet "French", "Gallic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''French'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''France''. This is usually written with a capital 'F'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'French' in WordNet: 1. (11) French, Gallic - (of or pertaining to France or the people of France; 'French cooking'; 'a Gallic shrug') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :FrenchFries :wnsense "french fries1n", "french-fried potatoes1n", "fries1n" ; :wordnet "french fries", "french-fried potatoes", "fries" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FrenchFries''' is a ''SideDish'' consisting of Potatoes cut into elongated block-like pieces, and deep-fried in fat. Often salted to enhance the taste. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'french fries' in WordNet: 1. french fries, french-fried potatoes, fries - (strips of potato fried in deep fat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SideDish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultiCourseMeal ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Potato-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :FrenchGuiana a :Country . :FrenchLanguage :en "French", "the French language" ; :wasCreatedBy :FrenchSpeakers ; :wnsense "French1n" ; :wordnet "French" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'French' in Wordnet: 1. (6) French - (the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France) """ . :FrenchPerson :guid "c10c353f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "French person1n", "Frenchman1n", "Frenchwoman1n" ; :wordnet "French person", "Frenchman", "Frenchwoman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of people who are #$citizens of #$France, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'French person' in WordNet: 1. (5) Frenchman, Frenchwoman, French person - (a person of French nationality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality . :FrenchPolynesia a :Country . :FrenchSouthernTerritories a :Country . :FrenchSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :FrenchToast :wnsense "French toast1n" ; :wordnet "French toast" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'French toast' in Wordnet: 1. French toast - (bread slice dipped in egg and milk and fried; topped with sugar or fruit or syrup) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FriedFoodObject, :SliceOfBread, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoafOfBread ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milk ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Egg-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Frenzied :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Agitation ; :wnsense "frantic1adj", "frenetic1adj", "frenzied2adj", "phrenetic1n" ; :wordnet "frantic", "frenetic", "frenzied", "phrenetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Frenzied'' is an intense degree of ''Agitated''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frenzied' in Wordnet: 2. frantic, frenetic, phrenetic, frenzied - (excessively agitated; transported with rage or other violent emotion; 'frantic with anger and frustration'; 'frenetic screams followed the accident'; 'a frenzied look in his eye') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agitated . :Frenzy :wnsense "craze2n", "delirium1n", "frenzy1n", "fury2n", "hysteria1n" ; :wordnet "craze", "delirium", "frenzy", "fury", "hysteria" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: this is the only sense of 'frenzy' in WN; the RHW sense 1 of 'frenzy' appears to be a state of excitement that does not imply a true mental disorder and may be temporary. It is included here, but should be distinguished. 1. extreme mental agitation; wild excitement or derangement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frenzy' in WordNet: 1. (6) craze, delirium, frenzy, fury, hysteria - (state of violent mental agitation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agitation, :Mania . :Freon :en "freon" ; :enn "freon" ; :guid "bd58b58c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Substance used in air conditioners for heat transfer. Gaseous at room temperature and pressure but in liquid state in cooling systems. RHW: a brand name for any of a class of liquid or gaseous fluorocarbon or chlorofluorocarbon products, used chiefly as refrigerants. NO WN sense for 'freon'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chlorofluorocarbon, :FluidSubstance, :Gas . :hasQuantifier ; :hasSecondElement ; a :CyclesPerSecondMeasure . :Frequency :guid "bd58fad4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "frequency1n" ; :wordnet "frequency" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The number of things that occur in some unit of time. NOTE: the units and measures to express things occurring in some time interval in COSMO are organized in four classes, the first three of which are UnitsOfMeasure: FrequencyUnit: reciprocal time units, as ;perSecond', 'perHour', 'perYear' Frequency: number of (something) that occurs in some time unit, as '5 perHour', '2 perDay' RateUnit: the type of things that occur in some time unit, as 'metersPerSecond', 'cyclesPerSecond', 'iterationsPerDay', 'carsPerHour' etc. RateMeasure: a 'Measurement' which is a Pair having a Quantifier and a RateUnit, as in '2 dosesPerDay', '100 carsPerDay', '20 metersPerSecond', Cyc: A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance of #$Frequency is the number of times something happens during some time interval. Instances of #$Frequency may be either single values (see the collection #$ScalarPointValue), such as 103 kiloHertz, or a range of values, such as #$Rarely. Note that instances of #$Frequency are important in the characterization of types of #$WavePropagation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frequency' in Wordnet: 1. (12) frequency, frequence, oftenness - (the number of occurrences within a given time period; 'the frequency of modulation was 40 cycles per second'; 'the frequency of his seizures increased as he grew older') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :FrequencyUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :Quantifier ] . :FrequencyAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'FrequencyAttributeValue' is a QualitativeAttributeValue describing the number of times that an **Event** occurs within some interval of time. This is related to the numerical frequency (events per unit time) by the relation 'hasFrequency'. USAGE note: note that an EventType may be described as occurring with a certain frequency by using the 'hasFrequency' relation. However, this attribute value may be attributed to any entity, to express the fact that certain events occurring with a certain frequency are associated (in some way) with that entity. At present (rev1097) manner of association is not specified by this attributeValue itself, but the manner of association *should* be specified somehow (by another relation?) - @ToDo. E.g. number of sales per year (for an organization), number of home runs per season (for a person), number of hurricanes per year (for a country or geographical region), number of bombing runs per day (for a military force). In itself, this attribute may be non-quantitative, depending somewhat on context, such as 'Frequent' or 'Infrequent', which would refer to some expected norm for an EventType. But instances of this 'QualitativeAttributeValue' will generally be linked to a 'Frequency' Note that 'frequency' may refer to an average frequency over some time interval, or number of times within some specific unit of time, e.g. 'revolutions per second' may refer to some average over many seconds, or to the number of Events within some specific second. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ; owl:someValuesFrom :Frequency ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :FrequencyPerDay a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The number of things that occur in the span of one Day. This serves in place of a simple datatype property, but can be translated directly to datatype if required. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, :Frequency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :perDay ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ] . :FrequencyPerYear a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The number of things that occur in the span of one year. Used, for example, as a value of property 'hasFrequency' in 'PassengersCarriedPerYear'. This serves in place of a simple datatype property, but can be translated directly to datatype if required. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, :Frequency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :perYear ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ] . :FrequencyUnit a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The unit that expresses the interval of time in which some number of things occur: perHour, perMinute, etc. A 'FrequencyUnit' can combine with some other Thing to create a RateUnit, as in 'metersPerSecond', which is also a UnitOfmeasure. NOTE: the units and measures to express things occurring in some time interval in COSMO are organized in four classes, the first three of which are UnitsOfMeasure: FrequencyUnit: reciprocal time units, as ;perSecond', 'perHour', 'perYear' Frequency: number of (something) that occurs in some time unit, as '5 perHour', '2 perDay' RateUnit: the type of things that occur in some time unit, as 'metersPerSecond', 'cyclesPerSecond', 'iterationsPerDay', 'carsPerHour' etc. RateMeasure: a 'Measurement' which is a Pair having a Quantifier and a RateUnit, as in '2 dosesPerDay', '100 carsPerDay', '20 metersPerSecond', """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :Frequent :hasAdverbialForm :Frequently ; :ldoce "frequent" ; :wnsense "frequent1adj" ; :wordnet "frequent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Frequent' is a qualitative attribute that refers to the measure 'Frequency' but is highly context sensitive, and cannot be assigned to any one value of Frequency.or even to a minimum Frequency. As with 'big' and 'long' and many other qualitative attributes, this AttributeValue must be interpreted in the context of 'normal' values of Frequency for the Event being described. For the adverbial forms, use ''Frequently'' (AdverbialModifier) or ''often''. The second WN sense 'frequently encountered' is closer to the meaning of 'common' as in 'a common error'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frequent' in WordNet: 1. (9) frequent - (coming at short intervals or habitually; 'a frequent guest'; 'frequent complaints') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recurring . :FrequentMoodSwings :en "frequent mood swings" ; :enn "frequent mood swings" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FrequentMoodSwings'' is an ''ActionSeries'' performed by a Person who performs a ''ChangingMoods'' more frequently than most people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChangingMoods ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frequently ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :Frequently :en "all the time" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Frequent ; :wnsense "frequently1adv", "often1adv" ; :wordnet "frequently", "often" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Frequently'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that action is performed repeatedly over some time interval. For a coresponding rate measure use ''often''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'frequently' in WordNet: 1. (42) frequently, often, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes - (many times at short intervals; 'we often met over a cup of coffee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Repeatedly . :FrequentlyVisitingaPlace :en "visiting a location", "visiting a place" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FrequentlyVisitingaPlace'' is a ''VisitingaPlace'' performed by a ''Group'' of one or more People that occurs more than three times in some interval of time less than a few decades. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisitingaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :often ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frequently ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :Fresh :isAnAttributeValueOf :Food ; :isTheOppositeOf :Spoiled, :Stale ; :ldoce "fresh" ; :wnsense "fresh1adj", "fresh5adj" ; :wordnet "fresh" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Fresh' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes Food or FoodObjects that are 'fresh', meaning recently prepared and not spoiled or stale. Corresponds to part of adjective senses 1 of 'fresh' and sense 5 in WordNet: 1. (16) fresh - (recently made, produced, or harvested; 'fresh bread'; 'a fresh scent') 5. (2) fresh - (not canned or otherwise preserved; 'fresh vegetables') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FreshBakedGoods :guid "c10088ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this category is interpreted as baked food *objects* that are fresh. In Cyc this is a substance. Cyc: Class of baked goods that are sold on the same day they are baked (typically). They differ from other baked goods in their superior aesthetic quality, lack of preservatives, and (often) in being sold in a separate location.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fresh ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FreshFoodOrDrink :en "fresh food or drink" ; :enn "fresh food or drink" ; :guid "c1271703-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$FoodOrDrink whose nutritional or gustatory quality is acceptable but deteriorating rapidly and must be eaten within a fairly short period (usually a few days or less) to be healthful and/or palatable. In other words, instances of #$FreshFoodOrDrink have a fairly short #$shelfLife. Instances of #$FreshFoodOrDrink have not yet undergone an instance of #$Spoiling and are still edible, but if they are not eaten they undergo #$Spoiling and become instances of #$SpoiledFood. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodOrDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fresh ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FreshWaterFish :en "freah water fish" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fish whose natural habitat is a ''BodyOfFreshWater'', such as a lake or stream.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfFreshWater ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ] . :FreshWaterObject a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An object composed of fresh water, such as a lake or stream. This can include some quantity of 'tap water' or the contents of a 'bottle of water'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalPlace, :LiquidObject, :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water-Fresh ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Freshman :wnsense "freshman2n" ; :wordnet "freshman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Freshman'' is a ''FourYearStudent'' who is a first-year Student at a ''FourYearSchool'' where students typically study for four years such as 'High School or 'College' (as distinct from 'Junior College' that has a curriculum lasting two years) Such students are divided chronologically into the year that they are currently pursuing as 'freshman', 'sophomore' 'junior' and 'senior'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'freshman' in WordNet: 2. (1) newcomer, fledgling, fledgeling, starter, neophyte, freshman, newbie, entrant - (any new participant in some activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FourYearStudent, :Newbie . :FreshmanYear :pertainsTo :Freshman ; :wnsense "first-year1adj", "freshman1adj" ; :wordnet "first-year", "freshman" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to a ''Freshman'' (first-year student) in a four-year school or a Person in the first year of a job or appointment, as a 'first-year senator'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'freshman' in WordNet: 1. freshman, first-year - (used of a person in the first year of an experience (especially in United States high school or college); 'a freshman senator'; 'freshman year in high school or college') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :National . :Freshwater :pertainsTo :BodyOfFreshWater, :FreshWaterFish, :FreshWaterObject, :Spring-WaterSource ; :wnsense "freshwater1adj" ; :wordnet "freshwater" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NO WN sense for the adjective. RHW 'freshwater' 1. of or living in water that is fresh or not salt: freshwater fish. 2. accustomed to fresh water only, and not to the sea: a freshwater sailor. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Fretting :wnsense "fret1n", "fret1v", "fret2v", "fuss1v", "lather2n", "niggle1v", "stew1n", "sweat2n", "swither1n" ; :wordnet "fret", "fuss", "lather", "niggle", "stew", "sweat", "swither" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fretting'' is a ''Feeling'' that is a form of ''Worry'' in which the Agent(s) performing this state are uncertain about how to act to address the concerns. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'fret' in WordNet: 1. (3) fuss, niggle, fret - (worry unnecessarily or excessively; 'don't fuss too much over the grandchildren-they are quite big now') 2. (2) fret - (be agitated or irritated; 'don't fret over these small details') WN noun 'fret': 1. fret, stew, sweat, lather, swither - (agitation resulting from active worry; 'don't get in a stew'; 'he's in a sweat about exams') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unsure ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Friar :wnsense "friar1n", "mendicant1n" ; :wordnet "friar", "mendicant" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'friar' in WordNet: 1. friar, mendicant - (a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man, :ReligiousOrderMember . :Friction :wnsense "friction2n", "rubbing1n" ; :wordnet "friction", "rubbing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Friction'' is the ''Resistance'' (a ''Force'') that solid objects experience when rubbed or dragged against each other. It comes in two aspects: 'static friction', the ''Friction'' that keeps a movable solid object from moving when it is pressed against another solid object such as when it is resting on an object, (as we all do standing or sitting or lying or walking in a gravitational field), unless and until some other force parallel to the resting surface pushes the object against the resting object, in which case the movable object experiences 'kinetic friction', which in general is less than that of 'static friction'. There is also 'rolling friction' that is experienced by objects rolling keeping the surface of the rolling object from sliding ('skidding') even while the movable object is moving in a rolling manner. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'friction' in WordNet: 2. friction, rubbing - (the resistance encountered when one body is moved in contact with another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalResistance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfObjects ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :Friday :wnsense "Friday1n" ; :wordnet "Friday" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Fridays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Friday' in Wordnet: 1. (18) Friday, Fri - (the sixth day of the week; the fifth working day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weekday . :Fried :guid "8c8775c4-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Frying ; :wnsense "fried1adj" ; :wordnet "fried" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of Food that has been fried on a surface (not deep-fried, as he WordNet entry says). In CYC this is an object, in COSMO it is an attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fried' in WordNet: 1. (2) fried, deep-fried - (cooked by frying in fat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cooked, :PastParticiple . :FriedFoodObject :en "fried food" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Food object ('SolidFoodArtifact') that has been fried.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Friend :ldoce "friend" ; :wnsense "friend1n", "friend3n" ; :wordnet "friend" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Friend is a Person who has feelings of affection or fondness for another person and is predisposed to do good things for that person. This is usually but not necessarily a mutual feeling. To have an animal that is a 'friend' is not included in this meaning, and in COSMO is considered a metaphoric usage of the term. There are degress of friendship, and this sense includes the weaker degrees, such as described in sense 3 from RHW: For a close friend, use the subtype 'Comrade' From Random House Webster: 'friend': 1 a person attached to another by feelings of affection or personal regard. 3. a person who is on good terms with another; a person who is not hostile: Who goes there? Friend or foe? Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'friend' in WordNet: 1. (652) friend - (a person you know well and regard with affection and trust; 'he was my best friend at the university') 3. (47) acquaintance, friend - (a person with whom you are acquainted; 'I have trouble remembering the names of all my acquaintances'; 'we are friends of the family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acquaintance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Friendly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Friendship ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Friendliness :ldoce "friendliness" ; :wnsense "fondness2n", "friendliness1n", "friendliness2n" ; :wordnet "fondness", "friendliness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of FeelingType, usually applied to humans. Each instance of Friendliness is a feeling of some agent toward another agent that predisposes the first agent to do good things for the other agent. Contrasts with antagonism, hostility, unfriendliness Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'friendliness' in WordNet: 1. (1) friendliness - (a feeling of liking for another person; enjoyment in their company) 2. friendliness - (a friendly disposition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :Friendly :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Friendliness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unfriendly ; :ldoce "friendly" ; :wnsense "friendly2adj" ; :wordnet "friendly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Friendliness (for someone - unspecified). This may be linguistically expressed with the word 'toward' after 'friendly'. The attribute expressing a predisposition to be friendly to anyone, is be included in the attribute ''Sociable''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'friendly' in WordNet: 2. (4) friendly - (favorably disposed; not antagonistic or hostile; 'a government friendly to our interests'; 'an amicable agreement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Friendship :wnsense "friendly relationship1n", "friendship1n" ; :wordnet "friendly relationship", "friendship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Friendship' is a SocialState (a PersistentState) that involves two or more People who are ''Friendly'' to each other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'friendship' in WordNet: 1. (3) friendship, friendly relationship - (the state of being friends) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalBonding, :SocialState, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GroupType :GroupOfPeople ) ] ] . :Frieze :guid "c0f471b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "frieze1n" ; :wordnet "frieze" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a decorative carving on the wall of a building. NOTE: this is for a 'frieze'on a building. The helical 'frieze' on Trajan's column, for example, is not included. RHW: 1. Archit. a. the part of a classical entablature between the architrave and the cornice, usually decorated with sculpture in low relief. See diag. under column. b. any decorative band on an outside wall, broader than a stringcourse and bearing lettering, sculpture, etc. 2. any decorative band at the top or beneath the cornice of an interior wall, a piece of furniture, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frieze' in WordNet: 1. (2) frieze - (an architectural ornament consisting of a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandShapedObject, :PartOfBuilding, :StoneSculpture . :Frigate :guid "c081be6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "frigate2n" ; :wordnet "frigate" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection. Warships which are larger than destroyers and smaller than cruisers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'frigate' in WordNet: 2. frigate - (a United States warship larger than a destroyer and smaller than a cruiser) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModernNavalShip, :Weapon . :Frigate-SailingShip :wnsense "frigate1n" ; :wordnet "frigate" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frigate' in WordNet: 1. frigate - (a medium size square-rigged warship of the 18th and 19th centuries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryVehicle, :MilitaryWatercraft, :SailingShip, :Vessel . :Frightened :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Fear ; :wnsense "frightened2adj", "scared1adj" ; :wordnet "frightened", "scared" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Frightened'' is the attribute of someone who is feeling Fear because of having experienced a ''FrighteningEvent''. For the more intense frightening causing terror, use subtype ''Terrified'' Corresponds to adjective senses 2 of 'frightened' in WordNet: 2. frightened, scared - (made afraid; 'the frightened child cowered in the corner'; 'too shocked and scared to move') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Afraid . :Frightening :eventWithCauses :Fear ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Fear ; :ldoce "frightening" ; :wnsense "awful2adj", "chilling1adj", "dire2adj", "dread1adj", "dreaded1adj", "dreadful1adj", "fearful1adj", "fearsome1adj", "frightening1adj", "horrendous1adj", "horrific2adj", "scarey1adj", "scary1v", "terrible1adj" ; :wordnet "awful", "chilling", "dire", "dread", "dreaded", "dreadful", "fearful", "fearsome", "frightening", "horrendous", "horrific", "scarey", "scary", "terrible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Frightening' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of Events or Objects that will typically cause Fear (Fright) in a Person or animal. For events, the relation 'eventWithCauses' can specify this. @od45 Corresponds to part of adjective senses 1 of 'frightening' and sense 1 of 'scary' in WordNet: 1. (6) awful, dire, direful, dread, dreaded, dreadful, fearful, fearsome, frightening, horrendous, horrific, terrible - (causing fear or dread or terror; 'the awful war'; 'an awful risk'; 'dire news'; 'a career or vengeance so direful that London was shocked'; 'the dread presence of the headmaster'; 'polio is no longer the dreaded disease it once was'; 'a dreadful storm'; 'a fearful howling'; 'horrendous explosions shook the city'; 'a terrible curse') WN adj 'scary': 1. chilling, scarey, scary, shivery, shuddery - (so scary as to cause chills and shudders; 'the most terrible and shuddery...tales of murder and revenge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FrighteningEvent :causes :Fear ; :ldoce "frighten" ; :wnsense "affright1v", "fright1v", "frighten1v", "scare1v" ; :wordnet "affright", "fright", "frighten", "scare" ; a :EventType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FrighteningEvent' is an Event that causes Fear (syn Fright) in some Agent(s). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'frighten' and sense 1 of 'scare' in WordNet: 1. (10) frighten, fright, scare, affright - (cause fear in; 'The stranger who hangs around the building frightens me'; 'Ghosts could never affright her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fear ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frightening ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Frill :wnsense "flounce1n", "frill3n", "furbelow1n", "ruffle1n" ; :wordnet "flounce", "frill", "furbelow", "ruffle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pleated strip of cloth added to a ''ClothingItem'' to enhance its appearance. The more specific'ruffle' located at the bottom of a dress or skirt is a''Ruffle'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'frill' in WordNet: 1. frill, flounce, ruffle, furbelow - (a strip of pleated material used as a decoration or a trim) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adornment, :ArtObject, :FoldableObject, :Strip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Fringe :wnsense "fringe1n", "outer boundary1n", "periphery1n" ; :wordnet "fringe", "outer boundary", "periphery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fringe'' is the outer edge of a (approximately) planar object. that may be flat or very irregular in shape, (as a piece of cloth or an ObjectGroup), but is basically a Three-dimensional Object that approximates the shape of a two-dimensional thing. 'he stayed at the the fringe of the crowd' Corresponds to part (for flat things) of noun sense 1 of 'fringe' in WordNet: 1. (8) periphery, fringe, outer boundary - (the outside boundary or surface of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :OuterEdge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfSomeStuff ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :FringeBenefit :isaPartOf :Income ; :wnsense "fringe benefit1n", "perk1n", "perquisite1n" ; :wordnet "fringe benefit", "perk", "perquisite" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FringeBenefit''s are of various types: ''HealthInsurance'', paid vacation, sick leave, parental leave, child care during working hours, and various others, such as use of company property like automobiles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fringe benefit' in WordNet: 1. (2) fringe benefit, perquisite, perk - (an incidental benefit awarded for certain types of employment (especially if it is regarded as a right); 'a limousine is one of the fringe benefits of the job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Remuneration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Employee ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ] . :Frisbee :wnsense "Frisbee1n" ; :wordnet "Frisbee" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A plastic ''Disk'', typically made of plastic, about 10 inches in diameter, with the edges curved downward and inward to provide aerodynamic lift when thrown in approximately horizontal orientation with a wrist-flipping action imparting rotation. Thrown, often to other people, for recreation or as a sport (as in ''ulimate frisbee'). The name is trademarked but is used generically for such objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Frisbee' in WordNet: 1. Frisbee - (a light plastic disk about 10 inches in diameter; sailed with a flip of the wrist for recreation or competition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :Disk, :GamePiece, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "30"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "15"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plastic ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :Frisking :en "pat down", "pat-down" ; :enn "pat-down" ; :env "pat down" ; :wnsense "frisk2v" ; :wordnet "frisk" ; a :ActionType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Frisking'' is a ''SearchingForAnObject'', looking for something (weapons, drugs) that a Person may be carrying that is hidden by clothing. In RHW 'pat down': an act or instance of passing the hands over the body of a clothed person to detect concealed weapons, drugs, etc.; frisking. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'frisk' in WordNet: 2. frisk - (search as for concealed weapons by running the hands rapidly over the clothing and through the pockets; 'The police frisked everyone at the airport') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SearchingForAnObject, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConcealedObject ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ] . :Frivolity :wnsense "frivolity1n", "frivolousness1n" ; :wordnet "frivolity", "frivolousness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Frivolity'' is a state in which the Person is not being serious, but jesting or joking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frivolity' in WordNet: 1. frivolity, frivolousness - (the trait of being frivolous; not serious or sensible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lighthearted ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Frizzy :wnsense "crisp5adj", "frizzly1adj", "frizzy1adj", "kinky2adj", "nappy1adj" ; :wordnet "crisp", "frizzly", "frizzy", "kinky", "nappy" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Frizzy'' is a specialization of ''Curly'' used to describe tightly curled Hair Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frizzy' in Wordnet: 1. crisp, frizzly, frizzy, kinky, nappy - (of hair in small tight curls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curly . :Frog :guid "bd58dc4b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anuran1n", "batrachian1n", "frog1n", "salientian1n" ; :wordnet "anuran", "batrachian", "frog", "salientian" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, :OrganismType, :SpawnerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all frogs (which excludes toads). Corresponds to part (frog, not toad) noun sense 1 of 'frog' in WordNet: 1. (2) frog, toad, toad frog, anuran, batrachian, salientian - (any of various tailless stout-bodied amphibians with long hind limbs for leaping; semiaquatic and terrestrial species) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amphibian . :Frogman :wnsense "frogman1n" ; :wordnet "frogman" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Frogman'' is a ''Swimmer'' who dives into water and swims underwater, for any reason, usually for some professional purpose,but potentially for sport. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frogman' in WordNet: 1. diver, frogman, underwater diver - (someone who works underwater) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diver, :HumanRole, :Swimmer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwimmingUnderwater ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SCUBA ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlipperShoe ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ] . :FromaDistance :en "at a distance", "from a distance" ; :enadv "at a distance", "from a distance" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Distant ; :wnsense "remotely1adv" ; :wordnet "remotely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FromaDistance'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes Actions that occur at a distance from something else. 'remotely controlled vehicle'. 'change the TV channels remotely' 'communicate remotely by telephone' NOTE: the sense of 'remotely' meaning 'barely', 'only a small degree' is represented by ''Barely'' Corresponds to part (for physical distance) of adverb sense 1 of 'remotely' in Wordnet: 1. remotely - (in a remote manner; 'when the measured speech of the chorus passes over into song the tones are, remotely but unmistakably, those taught by the orthodox liturgy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :FrontAndBackSidedObject :en "front and back sided object" ; :enn "front and back sided object" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$FrontAndBackSidedObject is a object with an intrinsic #$FrontSide and an intrinsic #$BackSide. By 'intrinsic' we mean simply that there exists an established convention according to which one side is considered 'Front' and the other side is considered 'Back'. Usually the two sides in question can be reliably distinguished. Notice that a conventionally distinguishable front and back do not necessarily imply a bottom and top, or a left and right: a #$Worm has a clear-cut front end and a clear-cut back end according to biological convention, but it makes little sense to talk of top, bottom, left or right. However, see also the comment for #$HexalateralObject. Notice also-and this is crucial to the whole conception- that while a #$FrontAndBackSidedObject may well have a preferred orientation and direction of motion, changing either does not change what counts as the 'front' and what counts as the 'back': while I am backing my car out of the driveway in the morning, its back end does not become its front end and vice versa. If an entity does not obey this rule then it does not, generally speaking count as having a distinguishable front and back - for example: a dolley, such as is used to transport crates, with wheels hinged so as to be able to swing around freely in any direction. NOTE: An ''Object'' generally, including this type, can consist of multiple component object, ot necessary directly in touch with each other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BilateralObject . :FrontDoor :wnsense "front door1n", "front entrance1n" ; :wordnet "front door", "front entrance" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Door'' serving as the front 'Entrance' of a Building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'front door' in WordNet: 1. (10) front door, front entrance - (exterior door (at the entrance) at the front of a building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Entrance, :ExteriorDoor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FrontSide ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :FrontLeftWheel a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The front left supporting wheel of a vehicle with four wheels." ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingWheel . :FrontPart :en "front part" ; :enn "front part" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FrontPart of a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'' is the PhysicalObject that is the part in front of the middle point of a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject''. NOTE the use of this as a parent type plus the relation 'isaPhysicalPartOf' imples that something is *the* front part of something. For only the side that is in front use ''FrontSide''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientedPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :FrontAndBackSidedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RearPartOfAnObject ; owl:onProperty :isInFrontOf ] . :FrontRightWheel a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The front right supporting wheel of a vehicle with four wheels." ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingWheel . :FrontRunner :wnsense "favorite3n", "favourite1n", "front-runner1n" ; :wordnet "favorite", "favourite", "front-runner" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FrontRunner'' can be a ''Competitor'' of any kind (Person, Team, Animal,Organization) that is, at the time it is labeled with this attribute, the one seemingly most likely to win some specific competition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'front-runner' in WordNet: 1. front-runner, favorite, favourite - (a competitor thought likely to win) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competitor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaCompetitorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Winner ] . :FrontSide :guid "bd58f6a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "front" ; :wnsense "front2n", "front3n" ; :wordnet "front" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all the entire front sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct #$Sides, one of which faces in the frontwards direction. For a larger 'front' portion use ''FrontPart''. NOTE: to specify the object of which this is the front side, use property: ''isAtTheSurfaceOf'' OBJ or ''isaPhysicalPartOf'' OBJ @PRIM In FOL, more specific relations such as 'isTheFrontSideOf' can be inferred from: ?SUBJ instance of FrontSide ?SUBJ isAtTheSurfaceOf ?OBJ ?SUBJ isTheFrontSideOf ?OBJ These relations can also be combined in a SPARQL query. Therefore in the OWL version such more specific relations can be avoided as being non-primitive and unnecessary. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'front' in WordNet: 2. (191) front, front end, forepart - (the side that is forward or prominent) 3. (95) front - (the side that is seen or that goes first) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Side . :Frontier :guid "c1501a5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "frontier1n" ; :wordnet "frontier" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Frontier'' is any ''Wilderness'' (an unsettled or very sparsely settled area) that is adjacent to a settled area but potentially open to settlement and not reserved by the government, and is too large to be considered as a reserve or Park. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frontier' in WordNet: 1. (6) frontier - (a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country; 'the individualism of the frontier in Andrew Jackson's day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandRegion, :Wilderness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PopulatedPlace ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] ; owl:disjointWith :PopulatedPlace . :FrontierSettlement :wnsense "frontier settlement1n", "outpost2n" ; :wordnet "frontier settlement", "outpost" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frontier settlement' in WordNet: 1. (1) frontier settlement, outpost - (a settlement on the frontier of civilization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarlySettlement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frontier ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Frost :guid "c0fb9c81-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "frost1n", "hoar1n", "hoarfrost1n", "rime1n" ; :wordnet "frost", "hoar", "hoarfrost", "rime" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The stuff which forms thin sheets of solid water on the surface of cold object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frost' in Wordnet: 1. (1) frost, hoar, hoarfrost, rime - (ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ice, :SurfaceFilm, :Water-Fresh . :Frostbite :guid "be05ebe8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cryopathy1n", "frostbite1n" ; :wordnet "cryopathy", "frostbite" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AilmentCondition. Each instance of #$Frostbite is an individual case in which some #$ExternalAnatomicalPart of an organism has been frozen. As a specialization of #$AilmentCondition, this collection precludes cryogenic freezing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frostbite' in WordNet: 1. (1) frostbite, cryopathy - (destruction of tissue by freezing and characterized by tingling, blistering and possibly gangrene) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InjuryCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBody ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Freezing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkinTissue ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ] . :Frosting :guid "bd58adb5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "frosting1n", "ice4n", "icing2n" ; :wordnet "frosting", "ice", "icing" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Sweet, gooey paste which often covers a cake of any size, inclusing donuts and cupcakes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frosting' in WordNet: 1. frosting, icing, ice - (a flavored sugar topping used to coat and decorate cakes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :CoatingMaterial, :FoodIngredientOnly, :Paste, :Topping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sugar ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IcingaCake ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Froth :wnsense "foam1n", "froth1n" ; :wordnet "foam", "froth" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Froth'' is a collection of ''TinyBubble''s collected at the top of some the same ''LiquidObject'', such The bubbles at the top are not considered as ''BubbleInAir''s since those should be free-floating or only attached at one small segment; rather, the Froth is considered here as the top part of the LiquidObject from which they were emitted. NOTE: This ''Froth' is an Object made of the substance ''FrothStuff''. The same WN synset is used for the two related concepts. These may be confused in labeling text, and depending on the surrounding context might logically be either Substance or Object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'froth' in WordNet: 1. (1) foam, froth - (a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid; 'the beer had a thick head of foam') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bubbles, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TinyBubble ; owl:minCardinality "200" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FrothStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObject :LiquidSubstanceType :LiquidObjectType ) ] ] . :FrothStuff :hasComponentSubstance :Air ; :hasDensityMeasure :LightDensity ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :AqueousSolution ; :hasUnitObject :GasBubble ; :wnsense "foam1n", "froth1n" ; :wordnet "foam", "froth" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Froth'' is for the 'foam' that floats to the top of an aqueous solution, most saliently on a glass of ''beer' drawn from a tap out a keg, but including any kind of aqueous foam such as is generated by lathering a soapy solution or on the sea at the shore, or in a ''Rapids' or ''Waterfall'. NOTE: this is a Substance; an Object made of ''FrothStuff'' is an instance of ''Froth''. Like ''SolidFoam'', this is represented as having a density less than that of ''Water'', labeled ''LightDensity'' and having a density measure ''LessThan_1''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foam' in WordNet: 1. (7) foam, froth - (a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid; 'the beer had a thick head of foam') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance . :Frothy :isAnAttributeValueOf :BodyOfWater ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Froth ; :pertainsTo :Froth ; :wnsense "foamy1adj", "frothy2adj" ; :wordnet "foamy", "frothy" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This differs from 'Effervescent''in that this characterizes outdoor ''BodyOfWater'' with the froth due to water agitation, whereas 'Effervescent'' refers to water in containers in which the bubles are internally generated by chemical process or contained gas release. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'frothy' (see note above) in Wordnet: 2. foamy, frothy - (relating to or containing gas bubbles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Frown :wnsense "frown1n", "scowl1n" ; :wordnet "frown", "scowl" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Frown' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', a pattern on a person's face expressing displeasure or dislike. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'frown' in WordNet: 1. frown, scowl - (a facial expression of dislike or displeasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dislike ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Frowning :en "frowning" ; :guid "bd58cf46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "frown1v", "glower2v", "lour3v", "lower5v" ; :wordnet "frown", "glower", "lour", "lower" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Only primates frown. Requires lips. Also may involve eyebrows. Finally the whole face. Should the latter be inferable from the fact use of lips involves face? See also #$Smiling for related problem. SUMO: Furrowing the forehead in such a way as to convey unhappiness. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'frown' in Wordnet: 1. (12) frown, glower, lour, lower - (look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :MakingFacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frown ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :Frozen :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Freezing ; :ldoce "icy" ; :wnsense "frozen1adj", "frozen4adj", "frozen5adj", "icy3adj" ; :wordnet "frozen", "icy" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject that contains water and has been subjected to a ''Freezing'' Event (natural or induced), and is still below freezing temperature, and therefor is solid, containing ice in it. Every object that is Frozen is a SolidObject and contains Ice. Corresponds to adjective senses 1, 4, and 5 of 'frozen' and to part of adjective sense 3 of 'icy' in WordNet: WN 'icy' 3. (1) icy - (covered with or containing or consisting of ice; 'icy northern waters') WN 'frozen' 1. (2) frozen - (turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold; 'the frozen North'; 'frozen pipes'; 'children skating on a frozen brook') 4. frozen - (not thawed) 5. flash-frozen, quick-frozen, frozen - ((used of foods) preserved by freezing sufficiently rapidly to retain flavor and nutritional value; 'frozen foods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IcyCold . :FrozenDessertFood :en "frozen dessert substance" ; :wnsense "frozen dessert1n" ; :wordnet "frozen dessert" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for dessert substances that have to be kept frozen to avoid melting. Such as 'ice cream' and sherbert. NOTE: WN does not distinguish the Object and substance. This is the substance. The coresponding object is a ''FrozenDessertObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frozen dessert' in WordNet: 1. frozen dessert - (any of various desserts prepared by freezing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DessertSubstance, :Mixture, :SolidFood . :FrozenDessertObject :en "frozen dessert object" ; :wnsense "frozen dessert1n" ; :wordnet "frozen dessert" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for ''DessertFood''s (dessert objects) that have to be kept frozen to avoid melting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frozen dessert' in WordNet: 1. frozen dessert - (any of various desserts prepared by freezing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DessertFood, :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FrozenDessertFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :Fructose :guid "bd58a913-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C6H12O6 ; :wnsense "fructose1n", "fruit sugar1n", "laevulose1n", "levulose1n" ; :wordnet "fructose", "fruit sugar", "laevulose", "levulose" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Fructose, an organic sweetening agent used in soft drinks and other prepared foods. Chemical formula: C6H12O6. An isomer of #$Glucose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fructose' in WordNet: 1. fructose, fruit sugar, levulose, laevulose - (a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :Monosaccharide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Honey ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaConstituentSubstanceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :FruitType ] . :Frugal :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Caution ; :wnsense "economical3adj", "frugal1adj", "scotch2adj", "sparing1adj", "stinting1adj" ; :wordnet "economical", "frugal", "scotch", "sparing", "stinting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Frugal'' is the attribute of someone who is cautious in spending money, spending only as much as is necessary to fill needs and avoid excessive luxuries. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frugal' in Wordnet: 1. economical, frugal, scotch, sparing, stinting - (avoiding waste; 'an economical meal'; 'an economical shopper'; 'a frugal farmer'; 'a frugal lunch'; 'a sparing father and a spending son'; 'sparing in their use of heat and light'; 'stinting in bestowing gifts'; 'thrifty because they remember the great Depression'; ''scotch' is used only informally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cautious . :Fruit :guid "bd58e5d4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isBiologicallyDerivedFrom :FruitPlant ; :ldoce "fruit" ; :wnsense "fruit1n" ; :wordnet "fruit" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Fruit is an object, i.e. one piece of fruit, not a substance, and not a group of things that are individually fruits. This is the seed of a flowering plant, not the plant itself. This is the botanical interpretation of 'fruit', which includes tomatoes and peppers and nuts, not only the common interpretation of juicy sweet fruits, which are subtypes such as 'Apple'. For the juicy 'fruits' that are usually referred to by the word 'fruit' in the context of eating food, use 'EdibleFruit'. NOTE: each piece of Fruit can be related to the plant that it is obtained from by the relation 'isTheFruitOfa'. Cyc: A specialization of #$PlantPart. Each instance of #$Fruit is a plant structure containing the seeds of an angiosperm. Many instances of #$Fruit have fleshy walls with high concentrations of sugars or fats, and these are often eaten by humans and other animals. Fruits usually develop from the ovary wall, although some fruits include other tissues; e.g., the flesh of apples and of strawberries develops from the receptacle, and the fruits of pineapple and fig develop from a whole inflorescence (group of flowers). See also #$EdibleFruit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fruit' in WordNet: 1. (10) fruit - (the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :FruitOrVegetableObject, :KosherFoodObject, :PlantPart, :ReproductiveBody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitPlant ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitPlant ; owl:onProperty :isBiologicallyDerivedFrom ] . :FruitAndVegetableFood :guid "bd58e616-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$EdibleStuff and an instance of #$FoodGroup. Each instance of #$FruitAndVegetableFood is a fruit or a vegetable.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleStuff, :FoodGroup, :VegetableMatter . :FruitDrink :wnsense "fruit juice1n" ; :wordnet "fruit juice" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A drink derived from the juice of fruit, obtained by squeezing or crushing the fruit, which juice a may or may not include some pulp. As with lemonade, it may be diluted and/or sweetened or oherwise processed. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'fruit juice' in Wordnet: 1. fruit juice, fruit crush - (drink produced by squeezing or crushing fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitJuice, :NonAlcoholicBeverage, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :SweetTastingSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom :FruitType ] . :FruitFilling :en "fruit filling" ; :enn "fruit filling" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FruitFilling'' is a ''Filling'' that is a food substance that contains a significant proportion (not necessarily the main part) of some processed ''Fruit''. Pie""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Filling, :FruitFood . :FruitFood a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FruitFood' is edible Fruit as a substance; for individual pieces of Fruit, see 'Fruit' and 'EdibleFruit'. Foodstuffs that mostly consist of 'FruitFood' are also considered as subtypes of 'FruitFood'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitAndVegetableFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaConstituentSubstanceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :EdibleFruit ] . :FruitJuice :ldoce "juice" ; :wnsense "juice1n" ; :wordnet "juice" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Liquid derived by a natural or manufacturing process from fruit. This is more restricted than the WordNet sense, but includes extracts that have some component of solids, such as tomato juice or orange juice. Corresponds to part ('plant') of noun sense 1 of 'juice' in WordNet - For the more general sense, use 'Juice'. in WordNet: 1. (2) juice - (the liquid part that can be extracted from plant or animal tissue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantJuice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fruit ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :FruitOrVegetableObject a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FruitOrVegetableObject'' is a ''SolidFoodObject'' that is a ''Fruit'' or a ''VegetableFoodObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoistObject, :SolidFoodObject . :FruitParing :en "parings" ; :wnsense "paring2n" ; :wordnet "paring" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FruitParing'' is a part (piece) of the surface of a fruit or vegetable, of undefined thickness, of (usually) ''FruitRind'' or ''FruitSkin'' or skin of a potato that has been removed from the whole by a peeling or paring process (with or without a knife). Such a piece is relatively 'thin' compared to the original fruit. For thin slices that are not from fruits or vegetables, use parent ''Paring'' or ''Sliver''. Corresponds to sense 10 of 'peel' in RHW: (peel) 10. the skin or rind of a fruit, vegetable, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'paring' in WordNet: 2. paring - ((usually plural) a part of a fruit or vegetable that is pared or cut off; especially the skin or peel; 'she could peel an apple with a single long paring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitRind, :PlantCovering, :SurfacePortion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable :ParingSomething ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FruitSkin :FruitRind :SolidObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :FruitPeel :wnsense "peel3n", "skin6n" ; :wordnet "peel", "skin" ; a :CoveringType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FruitPeel'' is a *separated* part (piece) of the surface of a fruit, produced by a ''PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable'' Action. Corresponds approximately to part (for fruit) of noun sense 3 of 'peel' in WordNet: 3. peel, skin - (the rind of a fruit or vegetable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitRind, :SurfacePortion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fruit ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FruitSkin :FruitRind :Fruit :FruitType ) ] ] . :FruitPit :wnsense "endocarp1n", "pit3n", "stone5n" ; :wordnet "endocarp", "pit", "stone" ; a :CoveringType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pit' in WordNet: 3. stone, pit, endocarp - (the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed; 'you should remove the stones from prunes before cooking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pericarp, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fruit ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :FruitPlant :en "fruit plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Plant that bears an edible 'fruit', the reproductive organ of a FloweringPlant. The Fruit may be eaten by animals or people.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FruitType :Fruit ) ] ] . :FruitPulp :hasQualitativeAttribute :Moist, :Soft ; :isaConstituentSubstanceOf :Fruit ; :wnsense "pulp1n" ; :wordnet "pulp" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance comprising the soft 'flesh' of a fruit. COSMO note: this is a substance, not any particular object. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pulp' in WordNet: 2. (1) pulp, flesh - (a soft moist part of a fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pulp, :Tissue . :FruitRind :wnsense "peel1n", "rind1n" ; :wordnet "peel", "rind" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The thick covering on 'CitrusFruit''s (and others), such as watermelon or orange, but not hard as a husk. This differs from ''FruitSkin'' in being ''Leathery'' (''Firm'') rather than ''Soft''. The surface may be rough, as in lemons, or smoother, as in Watermelons. Perhaps there are intermediate degrees of firmness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rind' in WordNet: 1. skin, rind, peel - (the tissue forming the hard outer layer (of e.g. a fruit)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leathery ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CitrusFruit ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ] . :FruitSkin :wnsense "skin2n" ; :wordnet "skin" ; a :CoveringType, :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The thin soft covering on many soft fruits, such as grapes and plums, and including potato skins; not as thick as a rind or as hard as a husk. This differs from 'rind' in being ''Soft'' rather than ''Firm'' Corresponds to part (for soft and edible Fruit outer coverings) noun sense 2 of 'skin' in WordNet: 2. (3) skin, rind, peel - (the tissue forming the hard outer layer (of e.g. a fruit)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fruit ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FruitTree :guid "bd58d00e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fruit tree1n" ; :wordnet "fruit tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of trees which bear a fruit ordinarily eaten by human beings. This would include many trees that bear nuts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fruit tree' in WordNet: 1. (1) fruit tree - (tree bearing edible fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :FloweringTree, :FruitPlant . :FruitType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FruitType'' is a metatype used to specify which type of ''Fruit'' is the subject or object of a relation pertaining to ''Fruit''s. This type allows specifying type restrictions on certain relations that pertain to those parts of a plant that contain a fleshy shell surounding the seed.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType . :Fruitcake :guid "bf610797-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fruitcake2n" ; :wordnet "fruitcake" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Fruitcakes. These are cakes (''PhysicalObject''s) with various dried fruits and nuts baked in. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fruitcake' in Wordnet: 2. fruitcake - (a rich cake containing dried fruit and nuts and citrus peel and so on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cake . :Fruitful :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :CompostingEvent ; :wnsense "fruitful1adj" ; :wordnet "fruitful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fruitful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fruitful - (productive or conducive to producing in abundance; 'be fruitful and multiply') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Fruitfulness :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Fertile ; :wnsense "fecundity3n", "fertility3n", "fruitfulness1n", "prolificacy1n", "rankness1n", "richness5n" ; :wordnet "fecundity", "fertility", "fruitfulness", "prolificacy", "rankness", "richness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fruitfulness'' is the Quality of the soil in some area of land that can or does support rich growth of plants, interpreted here as a 'good' thing (for farming or production of other useful vegetation). The WN synonym 'rankness' does not belong here, as this is a good quality, but 'rank' is *excessive* growth which is bad, e.g. RHW 'rank': 2. producing an excessive and coarse growth, as land. Corresponds to parts of noun sense 1 of 'fruitfulness' (for soil) and sense 3 of 'fertility' in WordNet: 1. (1) fruitfulness, fecundity - (the quality of something that causes or assists healthy growth) WN noun 'fertility': 3. richness, rankness, prolificacy, fertility - (the property of producing abundantly and sustaining vigorous and luxuriant growth; 'he praised the richness of the soil'; 'weeds lovely in their rankness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goodness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoilObject ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fertile ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fruitful ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Frustrated :guid "e2bb6b3c-42cc-11d6-8000-0002b38bcf96" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Frustration ; :wnsense "defeated2adj", "discomfited1adj", "foiled1adj", "frustrated1adj", "thwarted1adj" ; :wordnet "defeated", "discomfited", "foiled", "frustrated", "thwarted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an attribute; in CYC it is an Object - a different manner of representing attributes. CYC: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being frustrated. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'frustrated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) defeated, disappointed, discomfited, foiled, frustrated, thwarted - (disappointingly unsuccessful; 'disappointed expectations and thwarted ambitions'; 'their foiled attempt to capture Calais'; 'many frustrated poets end as pipe-smoking teachers'; 'his best efforts were thwarted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dissatisfied, :Unsuccessful . :Frustrating :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Frustration ; :wnsense "frustrating1adj", "frustrating2adj", "frustrative1adj", "thwarting1adj" ; :wordnet "frustrating", "frustrative", "thwarting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference?) of 'frustrating' in Wordnet: 1. (2) frustrating - (discouraging by hindering) 2. frustrating, frustrative, thwarting - (preventing realization or attainment of a desire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disappointing . :Frustration :guid "bd58b586-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "defeat2n", "frustration1n" ; :wordnet "defeat", "frustration" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A feeling of irritation and dissatisfaction arising from unresolved problems or unfulfilled needs. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. This includes feeling deprived of hope for achieving some goal, a feeling that lasts longer than a ''Discouragement'' which could be short-lived. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frustration' in WordNet: 1. (4) frustration, defeat - (the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoyance, :Discouragement, :Dissatisfaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Failure ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Frying :en "frying" ; :wnsense "fry1n" ; :wordnet "fry" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cooking on any hot surface, usually a ''FryingPan''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fry' in Wordnet: 2. (1) fry - (cook on a hot surface using fat; 'fry the pancakes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Baking, :CookingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :FriedFoodObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FryingPan ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fried ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :FryingPan :guid "bd58bb2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pan" ; :wnsense "frying pan1n", "pan1n", "skillet1n" ; :wordnet "frying pan", "pan", "skillet" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FryingPan' is a Pan with a handle, used for frying food over a source of heat. If the handle is broken off, it is still a Pan, but not a FryingPan (to function as intended,one must be able to handle it while it is hot). In Cyc called 'Skillet' Cyc: A container for cooking food that is relatively wide rather than tall, maximizing the area exposed to heat during cooking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'frying pan' and sense 1 of 'skillet' in WordNet; this is a subtype of 'Pan' and is often referred to as a 'pan' (sense 1 in Wordnet). in WordNet: 1. frying pan, frypan, skillet - (a pan used for frying foods) WN noun 'pan': 1. (11) pan, cooking pan - (cooking utensil consisting of a wide metal vessel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingVessel, :Pan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frying ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Fudge :wnsense "fudge1n" ; :wordnet "fudge" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fudge' in Wordnet: 1. fudge - (soft creamy candy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Candy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sweetener ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Fuel :isaSourceOf :Energy ; :wnsense "fuel1n" ; :wordnet "fuel" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Fuel is the class of Substances that can be used as resources in Combustion processes in order to produce heat or light, or both (as in a fireplace); the heat in turn can be converted into other forms of energy. Mechanical energy can also be produced by burning fuel in an Engine. This Type includes the Cyc: 'CombustibleFuelSubstance'. NOTE this 'Fuel' is for combustion. Nuclear 'Fuel' is of a different Type. COSMO note: Fuel is considered an ArtificialSubstance because any material must be processed by people before it is considered as Fuel for controlled combustion. Trees in their natural state, though combustible, are not Fuel - until they have been cut and gathered into a form that can be conveniently burned, in which case the processed wood or gathered wood is then Fuel. Likewise, petroleum or coal in the ground is not Fuel until it is extracted and processed to be usable to produce heat in a controlled manner. A 'Fuel' does not have to drive a mechanical device or heating device; the wax used in a candle is considered a 'Fuel' because it is designed to be burned to serve its purpose. NOTE that Fuel is only meaningful relative to *intentional* processes of combustion - the material burning in natural forest fires or accidental fires is *not* included in this 'Fuel' concept - it is included in the broader type 'CombustibleSubstance'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fuel' in Wordnet: 1. (5) fuel - (a substance that can be consumed to produce energy; 'more fuel is needed during the winter months'; 'they developed alternative fuels for aircraft') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :CombustibleSubstance, :ConsumableProduct, :EnergySource . :FuelObject :en "fuel object", "quantity of fuel" ; :enn "fuel object" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PhysicalObject consisting mostly of some subtype of ''Fuel''. The specific subtype of ''Fuel'' and the quantity can be specified in instances of this type. This can be solid, liquid, or gas. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidObject, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :FuelSubstanceType ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:PhysicalObject [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :FuelSubstanceType ] ) ] . :FuelPoweredDevice :en "fuel powered device" ; :enn "fuel powered device" ; :guid "bd58d2b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of physical devices; a subcollection of #$PoweredDevice. An instance of #$FuelPoweredDevice is directly powered by combustible fuels such as gasoline, coal, and natural gas. Common examples of #$FuelPoweredDevice include automobiles with gasoline-powered engines, kerosene heaters, propane torches, and jet airplanes. COSMO note: the Cyc parent 'MechanicalDevice' has been removed because purely electronic FuelPoweredDevices using fuel cells are now possible.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelfPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VehicleFuel ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :FuelSubstanceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FuelSubstanceType'' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of a 'Liquid' Fuel and other entities..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType . :FuelTank :en "fuel tank" ; :guid "bd58b81d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Any tank used to contain a FuelSubstance (gas or liquid). COSMO note: this is reinterpreted to refer only to tanks that can hold liquid fuels like gasoline or diesel fue or avition fue. For Natural gas or hydrogen a different (sister) type is needed. No WN sense for this general term - see ''GasolineTank''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageTank . :Fueling :wnsense "fuel1v" ; :wordnet "fuel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fueling'' is a subtype of 'Providing' in which some IntelligentAgent puts some quantity of ''Fuel'' into an appropriate storage container in a Device that uses Fuel, whether that Device is stationary (like a Furnace) or moving. NOTE: the difference between this and subtype ''Refueling'' is that some ''FuelPoweredDevice''s may beexpendable and may be fuelable only once. So ''Refueling'' cannot apply to them. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fuel' in WordNet: 1. (2) fuel - (provide with a combustible substance that provides energy; 'fuel aircraft, ships, and cars') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Providing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :FuelPoweredDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :FuelObject ] . :Fugitive :wnsense "fugitive from justice1n", "fugitive2n" ; :wordnet "fugitive", "fugitive from justice" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fugitive' in WordNet: 2. fugitive, fugitive from justice - (someone who is sought by law officers; someone trying to elude justice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fleeing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Fulcrum :wnsense "fulcrum1n" ; :wordnet "fulcrum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fulcrum'' is a SolidObject that supports or holds one small section of a lever-like long solid object, which may use the ''Fulcrum'' as a 'center of rotation' of the long object, which may rotate in a vertical up-and-down motion (like a 'Seesaw'), or in any other plane (as anOar in a Rowboat). This does not have to be ''Holder'' if the thing suported moves up and down. A ''Fulcrum'' may suport a level for either lifting one thing on one end of the lever by applying pressure on the other end of the lever, or by alternately lifting and lowering one or more objects, as in the game of see-saw (see''Seesaw''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fulcrum' in Wordnet: 1. fulcrum - (the pivot about which a lever turns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Levering ; owl:onProperty :supportsThingInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotating ; owl:onProperty :supportsThingInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lever ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :Fulfilled :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Fulfilling ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unfulfilled ; :wnsense "fulfilled1adj", "quenched1adj", "satisfied2adj", "slaked1adj" ; :wordnet "fulfilled", "quenched", "satisfied", "slaked" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Fulfilled'' is an AttributeValue of a need or ''Desire'' that was satisfied (met, fulfilled) by some Event. NOTE: 'slaked' for thirst is represented specifically by subAttribute ''Slaked''. Corresponds approximately, and broader than to adjective sense 1 of 'fulfilled' in Wordnet: 1. fulfilled - (completed to perfection) WN adj 'satisfied': 2. quenched, satisfied, slaked - (allayed; 'his thirst quenched he was able to continue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Fulfilling :eng "fulfilling" ; :ldoce "fulfill" ; :wnsense "fill5v", "fulfil2v", "fulfil3v", "fulfill2v", "fulfill3v", "meet4v", "satisfy1v", "satisfy3v" ; :wordnet "fill", "fulfil", "fulfill", "meet", "satisfy" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Fulfilling' is an Event in which something desired or expected happens, or something needed for an action is obtained. The thing 'fulfilled' can be a desire, goal an Obligation, a requirement (for food, etc), a criterion (= satisfy), an order or request or demand. This does not have to be an Action by an agent, it can be an external Event that satisfies a desire without Action on the part of the agent it satisfies. This type is generic and the more specific 'fulfilling' Actions are the subtypes ''FulfillingAnObligation'' and ''SatisfyingaDesire'' and ''ConformingAction'' and their subtypes. This type can be used if there is ambiguity as to what kind of 'fulfilling' a given text or situation corresponds to, but the use of the subtypes when they can be identified is preferred for more specificity. This type subsumes senses 2 and 3 of 'fulfill' and sense 1 of 'satisfy' in WordNet: 2. (3) satisfy, fulfill, fulfil, live up to - (fulfil the requirements or expectations of) 3. (3) meet, satisfy, fill, fulfill, fulfil - (fill or meet a want or need) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fulfillment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FeelingOfFulfillment ; owl:onProperty :hadEndingState ] . :FulfillingAnObligation :eng "fulfilling", "satisfying" ; :ldoce "satisfy" ; :wnsense "fill5v", "live up to1v", "satisfy1v" ; :wordnet "fill", "live up to", "satisfy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FulfillingAnObligation'' is an Action in which.an agent fulfills and thereby removes an Obligation to do something.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'satisfy' in WordNet: 1. (13) satisfy, fulfill, fulfil, live up to - (fulfil the requirements or expectations of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fulfilling, :RemovingSomething . :FulfillingaRequest :wnsense "compliance4n", "submission2n" ; :wordnet "compliance", "submission" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'FulfillingaRequest' is an instance of a ConformingAction in which a person performs an Action that is requested by a human agent (or group or organization) This ConformingAction differs from a Compliance in that the request fulfilled is not mandatory, and does not carry any penalty for failure to comply. This corresponds to sense 4 of 'compliance' and sense 2 of 'submission' in WordNet: 4. submission, compliance - (the act of submitting; usually surrendering power to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConformingAction, :Fulfillment . :Fulfillment :wnsense "fulfillment2n", "fulfilment2n" ; :wordnet "fulfillment", "fulfilment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'fulfill an obligation' 'fulfill a requirement' 'fulfill a responsibilty' 'fulfill a contract' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fulfillment' in WordNet: 2. fulfillment, fulfilment - (the act of consummating something (a desire or promise etc)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompletingaTask, :ReachingaGoal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FeelingOfFulfillment ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Full :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FillingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :EmptyOfContents ; :ldoce "full" ; :wnsense "filled1adj", "full1adj" ; :wordnet "filled", "full" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Full'' is for a container-like thing to contain as much as it is capable of holding. This can be applied to abstract objects as well as PhysicalObjects. ''Full'' when applied to containers specifies that the volume of its contents is equal to the capacity, and no more contents can be added. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'full' and part of semse 1 of 'filled' in WordNet: 1. (42) full - (containing as much or as many as is possible or normal; 'a full glass'; 'a sky full of stars'; 'a full life'; 'the auditorium was full to overflowing') WN adj 'filled': 1. (27) filled - ((usually followed by 'with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with; 'theirs was a house filled with laughter'; 'a large hall filled with rows of desks'; 'fog-filled air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Full-time :isAnAttributeValueOf :Employee ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :JobSituation ; :wnsense "full-time1adj" ; :wordnet "full-time" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Full-time'' is the attribute of a Person in a ''JobSituation'' when that Person works at least thirty hours per week, (or more or less depending on the legal definition for different legal purposes) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'full-time' in WordNet: 1. (11) full-time - (for the entire time appropriate to an activity; 'a full-time job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employed . :FullComplement :wnsense "complement3n", "full complement1n" ; :wordnet "complement", "full complement" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FullComplement'' is a ''WorkForce'' that has all the workers needed to perform a specific task.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'full complement' in WordNet: 1. (1) complement, full complement - (number needed to make up a whole force; 'a full complement of workers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complete ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FullFacial :wnsense "facial2n" ; :wordnet "facial" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FullFacial'' is a form of ''FacialCare'' performed by someone other than the Person whose ''Face'' is being cared for, involving more than one type of grooming of the Face. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'facial' in WordNet: 2. facial - (care for the face that usually involves cleansing and massage and the application of cosmetic creams) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialCare, :ServiceEvent . :FullMoon :wnsense "full moon1n", "full-of-the-moon1n" ; :wordnet "full moon", "full-of-the-moon" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FullMoon'' is a ''View'' (a LightPropagationEvent) that is produced by the EarthsMoon when it is directly opposite the Sun from the vantage point of Earth.. The time for any given instance of ''FullMoon'' will be included in the instance of ''ResidentsAtTime'' pointed to by ''wasVisibleTo'. ~~ @ToDo: need 'phase of the moon' parent? This differs from the meaning of noun sense 1 (the only sense) of 'full moon' in WordNet; WN sense is a *time* whereas this sense is the ''View'' in WordNet: 1. (2) full moon, full-of-the-moon, full phase of the moon, full - (the time when the moon is fully illuminated; 'the moon is at the full') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoonLight ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsMoon ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasVisibleTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :ResidentsAtTime ] . :FullNameString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FullNameString is an identifierString that was created as an Identifier for some person. The string may include titles, abbreviations of first or middle names, or honorifics, and will in general not be unique for any given person"""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :NameString . :FullProfessor :wnsense "full professor1n", "professor1n" ; :wordnet "full professor", "professor" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'full professor' in Wordnet: 1. full professor - (a professor of the highest rank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professor . :FullRotation :en "complete rotation", "full rotation" ; :enn "complete rotation", "full rotation" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FullRotation'' is a ''Rotation'' in which some SolidObject rotates completely around an axis so that the direction of orientation of the SolidObject is the same as it is at the beginning, and includes Rotations that continue beyond that point and may be repeated multiple times. Thus a'doube rotation' or 'triple rotation' would be subtypes of this. A ''FullRotation'' that stops when the direction reaches the original direction may be called a '360 degree rotation'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationProcess, :Rotation . :Fullerene :wnsense "fullerene1n" ; :wordnet "fullerene" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Fullerene'' is any of a range of ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance''s composed only of ''CarbonAtom''s,forming ringed molecular structures of many sizes and shapes that approximate the shape of spheres, or tubes. The Wikipedia gloss suggests that 'graphene' can be viewed as a subtype, but in COSMO that is a different category. The subtypes of ''Fullerene'' are of the ''Buckyball'' (spherical or ellipsoidal) type or of the ''Nanotube'' (cylindrical or toroidal) types. RHW:any of a class of molecules of carbon having a roughly spherical shape. WIkiPedia: A fullerene is an allotrope of carbon whose molecule consists of carbon atoms connected by single and double bonds so as to form a closed or partially closed mesh, with fused rings of five to seven atoms. The molecule may be a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, tube, or many other shapes and sizes. Graphene (isolated atomic layers of graphite), which is a flat mesh of regular hexagonal rings, can be seen as an extreme member of the family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fullerene' in WordNet: 1. fullerene - (a form of carbon having a large molecule consisting of an empty cage of sixty or more carbon atoms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carbon, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FullereneMolecule ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :FullereneMolecule :en "fullerene molecule" ; :enn "fullerene molecule" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FullereneMolecule'' is a ''Molecule'' consisting solely of ''CarbonAtom''s in any of various shapes having carbon rings connected to each other so as to form spheres, ellipsoids, tubes, cylinders, or tori. These are the unit objects of the ''Fullerene'' family of substances. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Molecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarbonAtom ; owl:minCardinality "60"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ] . :FumblingaBall :eng "fumbling" ; :wnsense "fumble1n", "fumble5v" ; :wordnet "fumble" ; a :EventType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FumblingaBall'' is an action that can occur in a ball game such as baseball or football, where a ball is expected to be grasped, but instead is dropped or 'bobbled' (released and regrasped once or several times). Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'fumble' in WordNet: 5. fumble - (drop or juggle or fail to play cleanly a grounder; 'fumble a grounder') WN noun 'fumble': 1. (1) fumble, muff - ((sports) dropping the ball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingaSport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SportType ] . :FumblingaFootBall :wnsense "fumble5v" ; :wordnet "fumble" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FumblingaFootBall'' is a ''FumblingaBall'' that can occur in a ''Football'' game where the ''\"FootballBall-American'' is handed directly to a player and the player fails to grasp it firmly, but drops it to the ground . Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'fumble' in WordNet: 5. fumble - (drop or juggle or fail to play cleanly a grounder; 'fumble a grounder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FumblingaBall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballGame-American ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootballBall-American ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :FunLoving :en "fun-loving" ; :enadj "fun-loving" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :HavingFun ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unplayful ; :wnsense "playful1adj" ; :wordnet "playful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FunLoving'' is the attribute of a Person who likes to 'have fun' (perform ''HavingFun''). This is not just or primarily enjoying sensual pleasures, which is characteristic of a ''Sensualist''. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'playful' (this type includes adults who like to have fun in various ways, not just by playing games) in Wordnet: 1. (1) playful - (full of fun and high spirits; 'playful children just let loose from school') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Function :en "function" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of Capability is a type of action that some Object can perform or assist in performing. One subtype of this is 'Function', specifically a type of action for which an object has been designed, either by some IntelligentAgent or by Evolution. @ToDo: more elaboration needed. NOTE the triangular relation: an Artifact hasDesignFunction which is an ActionType, A Capability or Function wasRealizedByAction which is an ActionType or an *instance* of an Event. This 'function' is generic for artifacts and natura objects,and it is unclear if any WN sense fits this. See subtypes ''DesignFunction'' (for artifacts) and """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaDesignFunctionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :FunctionQuantity a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionQuantity is a Function that maps from one or more instances of ConstantQuantity to another instance of ConstantQuantity. For example, the velocity of a particle would be represented by a FunctionQuantity mapping values of time (which are ConstantQuantities) to values of distance (also ConstantQuantities). Note that all instances of FunctionQuantity are Functions with a fixed arity. Note too that all elements of the range of a FunctionQuantity have the same physical dimension as the FunctionQuantity itself.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalQuantity . :Functional :isAnAttributeValueOf :Device ; :wnsense "functional4adj", "in working order1adj", "operable2adj", "operational2adj", "usable2adj", "useable1adj" ; :wordnet "functional", "in working order", "operable", "operational", "usable", "useable" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of ''Device''s that means that they are able to perform their function, though at the moment they may be turned off. If they are Functional and also turned 'on', they have the AttributeValue 'TurnedOn'. If they are running and performing their design function at the time the attribute is asserted, use ''Operating''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 4 of 'functional', sense 2 of 'usable', sense 1 of 'useable', sense 2 of 'operational', sense 2 of 'operable' and sense 1 of 'in working order', in WordNet: 4. functional, usable, useable, in working order, operable, operational - (fit or ready for use or service; 'the toaster was still functional even after being dropped'; 'the lawnmower is a bit rusty but still usable'; 'an operational aircraft'; 'the dishwasher is now in working order') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effective, :Useful . :FunctionalAttribute a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionalAttribute is an Attribute that can serve as a function when modifying a type of thing, selecting from that type those instances that have a particular property. They are functional because the property selected may vary somewhat with the type that is modified. At some ppint, subtypes of this type may be defined to aggregate FunctionalAttributes that have some common features. The functionality is not expressible in OWL and will be used when Natural Language interpretation applications are built using the COSMO ontology. Until then, the instance of FunctionalAttribute sere to contain notes regarding the intended meaning of these terms, which will only be executable using a more expressive rerpresentation formalism. For example: Adjectives like 'large', 'small', 'good', bad' can depend for their interpretation in complex ways on the nature of the word they are modifying. They also select subtypes from a type that is named by the word being modified by the adjective, but the subtypes are not simply the intersection of the type being modified and some other type. The adjective selects members of the type based on criteria peculiar to the adjective and the type. For example, a 'red car' is a car whose sheet metal appears red (usually being painted by paint of that color). A 'pink grapefruit' is pink only on the inside, and may not have an external appearance different from a yellow grapefruit. A 'red brick' is red at all points on the surface, and if broken, is the same color red on the newly exposed surfaces. A 'red liquid' will have a different intensity of color depending on the concentration of pigment in the liquid and on the length of the path through which the light one sees has traversed. These differences of meaning must be encoded in the logical representation of the function. An AttributeValue can be a FunctionalAttribute also, but is not necessarily so. If used in the predicative position {Car23 is Red} , it takes the usual interpretation that it is specifying an attribute of a specific object.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :FunctionalAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """FunctionalAttributeValues are the values taken by a FunctionalAttribute that are OWL classes rather than instances of 'FunctionalAttribute'. The classes are used when a FunctionalAttribute value has subtypes that should be reflected in the hierarchy. The category of 'LogicalFunction' has also been used similarly and more often in COSMO - @ToDo: should these be merged?""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :FunctionalBusinessEntity :FIBO "Functional Business Entity" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FunctionalBusinessEntity' is a concept used in FIBO that includes both commercial enterprises and other entities, such as government agencies, that participate in economic activity. NOTE that a ''FunctionalBusinessEntity'' does not have to be a Person or Organization, it could be a ''Place'' operated by a Person or Organization that does things, such as a ''ManufacturingFacility''. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'Functional Business Entity', but instead of relating to 'AutonomousAgent' this is a subtype of 'IntelligentAgent' SKOS Def: 'A business entity defined in terms of its function.' Explanatory Note: 'The key distinguishing feature of a Functional Business Entity is that it may itself be constituted as some kind of Business Entity or Legal Entity, but the definition of this entity does not depend on it always having one specific legal structure (for exanple always being a limited company). This would define for example a bank, a special purpose vehicle, most government bodies and so on.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :ValuableThing . :FunctionalEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionalEvent is an Event that was perfomed to serve a purpose; the purpose may be the goals of an intelligent agent. or a biological purpose serving some function in an organism that was designed by evolution..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :FunctionalObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """FunctionalObject is a container category to collect all Types of PhysicalObjects that are defined by some distinctive function that they play in some event or activity. These Types will in general serve as Roles. The instance of this type can be related to their function by the relation 'hasDesignFunction'. NOTE that the 'function' may be one that evolved naturally, and a FunctionalObject is not necessarily an Artifact. Thus a heart has the function of pumping blood. In COSMO, 'purpose' and 'function' include any teleological goal-oriented role, whether arising from intentional design or evolutionary development.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject . :FunctionalProcess :ldoce "process" ; :wnsense "process6n" ; :wordnet "process" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionalProcess corresponds to the linguistic intuition of something happening at some point in time, rather than something that has happened in some interval of time, which in COSMO is an 'Event'. Intuitively, it may be considered as the time derivative of an Event: a Process occurring over some interval of time gives rise to an Event, which is a change (or series of changes) in the properties of some Object(s) during some interval of Time. Every FunctionalProcess is intimately associated with some Event as one of the components of that Event (see 'Event'); conversely most Events (other than instantaneous) can be viewed as the result of some 'FunctionalProcess' acting over time. Thus this base Type is called 'FunctionalProcess' to specifically refer to its similarity to a mathematical function. It resembles a mathematical function in certain respects: a FunctionalProcess can be said to describe the state of some system as a function of time. Like a function, a FunctionalProcess can have properties, and one important property will be the **Rate** ('RateMeasure') at which the represented change is occurring. A characteristic of a FunctionalProcess is one can specify a Rate at some time point, or an average rate in some time interval. For an Event there is only an average 'RateMeasure' that can be specified, and only if the Event is not instantaneous; the two concepts are intimately related. In COSMO most things considered as Events or Processes are represented as Events, with the understanding that a coresponding Process can be defined if needed. In some ontologies, (such as Cyc) a 'process' is a type of Event which has some uniform character throughout the Event. Because of the variant usage, the bare term 'process' is not used in this ontology to avoid confusion. NOTe that the Wordnet sense of 'process' aligned with this has subtypes that are not represented as subtypes of 'FunctionalProcess'. NOTE that this differs from the notion of 'process' used in Cyc, where a Process is a kind of Event that can be subdivided and still result in an Event of the same kind. In COSMO taking some temporal part of a FunctionalProcess does not necessarily result in a FunctionalProcess of the same kind. **NOTE** A FunctionalProcess may also be defined, not by specifying the individual values of the fluents at points in time, but by specifying the manner in which a fluent can change over time. One specific example of this is a **differential equation** which can be used to take the value of a fluent at some starting point in time, and calculate the values at subsequent points in time. Thus a FunctionalProcess can have, as its TimeIndexedAssertion, a differential equation. This is an important difference between Event and FunctionalProcess. @ToDo: the specifics of how a differential equation are to be represented have not been elaborated as of v0.50. Formally, a FunctionalProcess is a Group consisting of one or more TimeIndexedAssertions, where each TimeIndexedAssertion is an InstantaneousState or PersistentState. Each State contains a Group of assertions specifying the values of the fluents that hold at that TimePoint; if only one Object is a participant in the FunctionalProcess, there may be only one TimeIndexedAssertion in each State. A TimeIndexedAssertion can be a differential equation relating a fluent to time. Thus if, at some point in time, someone is Running, one can say that a Running process exists at that point, and that person is a participant in the process. The 'existence' of an instance of Process at some time point implies that some Event has taken place (or is taking place) in the time interval including that time point, and vice-versa, each Event implies existence of some corresponding FunctionalProcess at every time point during the interval between the beginning and end of the Event (**but see next paragraph**). But for linguistic purposes, it may be more convenient to represent just the Event or just the FunctionalProcess, and not explicitly represent the corresponding entity, which is nevertheless implied. The list of States over time has some similarity to a ValueTimeEntry, though the former relates the state assertions themselves, rather than the values. **It is possible for a FunctionalProcess to be discontinuous, such as an 'eating' process during which one is not actually ingesting anything - perhaps reading a paper in the intervals between taking bites of a meal; or a 'going to school' process during which one sleeps, watches television, etc., other than actually being in the school or studying. One may formally say that the process continues int the intervals when the relevant fluents are not changing, but that the intervals between actual progression of the process each consists of a null process (PersistentState) which is part of the whole process, and give rise to null events which are parts of the whole event.** The term 'process' has been often used to refer to Procedures, (see 'Procedure') which are specifications for some sequence of actions that accomplish a goal. That is a distinct, though somewhat related concept. Most ontologies deal with Events, and ignore Processes of this type. For representing certain linguistic phrases, however, this type is better suited than the Event type. Most FunctionalProcesses are not represented explicitly in COSMO at version 0.3, but when needed may be generated by a function (not yet defined) that takes an Event and returns the Process that is operating to generate that Event. One issue not yet dealt with in COSMO v0.3 is whether a function that can generate a Process from the corresponding Event can handle Events whose definition specifies more than one Fluent as changing during the Event. In such cases, to have a clear relation, the multiple fluents must be ordered similarly in the representation of the Event and its corresponding FunctionalProcess. NOTE that WN 'process' sense 6 appears to be for naturally occurring processes, which are included in this type,*but* this type also includes 'processes'' that are the result of the Actions of intentional agents. See ''PhysicalProcess'' for additional discusson of the difference between ''Event'' and ''FunctionalProcess''. Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 6 of 'process' in WordNet; this type of 'process' could be abstract in WordNet: 6. process, physical process - (a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; 'events now in process'; 'the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationProcessEventOrState ; owl:disjointWith :Event . :FunctionalSubstance :en "functional substance" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionalSubstance is one that is created and used for a particular purpose. It is categorized by its function, which is a specialization of purpose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance . :FunctionalSystem :ldoce "system" ; :wnsense "system2n" ; :wordnet "system" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FunctionalSystem'' is a ''System'' containing of a group of two or more Objects, abstract or physical that are designed (by people or evolution) to work together to perform some function, plus the AttributeValues attached to those objects, and the relations among those objects - the attributes and relations are component elements of the Group, thus distinguishing a System from a simple group of Objects (and excluding natural 'systems' such as the Solar system, not evolved biologically). There is therefore some significant relation between any Object in a System and some other Object in the System. The System is an aggregate consisting not only of the Objects, but also of the relations between them. This is the basic Entity that participates in Situations. The Attributes of the System as a whole are not component elements of the Group that comprise the system. A PersistentState of a System may include any subset of the Group of Attributes and Relations that are part of the System, and possibly some relations of the System as a whole to its external environment (e.g. orientation). NOTE:this is not a subtype of''Group'' not an instanc of ''GroupType'' because some ''FunctionalSystem''s are PathSystems, which are abstract. @ToDo1317 this sould be modified - a ''Group'' can have properties that reflect the relations. NOTE that a Group of objects that all perform a similar function is not a System unless the performance of the function of one somehow depends on the presence or operation of the others. For example, a group of window air conditioners installed in windows in different parts of a building is *not* a System, unless they are somehow controlled by a common control mechanism. Cyc: A Cyc collection. Each instance is a special kind of #$Group that exists in time and interacts over the course of time in ways that underpin controlled application of resources and internal information exchange and processing by the system as a whole in order to perform certain tasks which often can themselves be considered as functional roles in a larger system. #$FunctionalSystems have some of the characteristics of what James Grier Miller calls 'living systems'. Instances of #$BiologicalLivingObject, #$Organization, and #$GeopoliticalEntity are all considered to be #$FunctionalSystems in the #$FunctionalRoleAnalysisMt. NOTE: In Cyc something as simple as a shield or TurtleShell can qualify as a 'System' so the requirement for two objects may need to be taken liberally: a shield needs a handle to function, so the handle and plate of the shield can qualify as the two objects. Usually a System has several distinct Objects that interact in some way beyond merely being attached to each other. @@ToDo: Although this generic notion of System is not a PhysicalObject, it can have PhysicalObjects as subtypes and instances. Representing a particular PhysicalObject or type of Object as a System is to assert a view of the PhysicalObject as something functional, and to provide a formal mechanism for discussing the structure and states of the System. The restriction that requires specifying an 'ObjectGroup' (or GroupType) will force the ontologist to specify at least some of the components of a System - the ObjectGroup specified should but does not have to include all of the Objects that characterize the System; therefore one may specify that an Object is a System but not be required to describe all of the component objects, just some of them. The view of a PhysicalObject as a System may at first seem to be a contradiction: how can something be a GroupOfObjects and also be a System, which is a Group containing the same Objects, plus other things -(Attributes and Relations). This is not a Contradiction, precisely because an Object that is viewed as a System is not merely a GroupOfObjects - the view as a System describes the Object as a whole, whereas a View of its component parts is only a partial view of the Object. As of v0.52 this inclusion of different views of a complex object does not appear to be logically incoherent, and it does not appear that these alternate views will cause any problems. This is in a way reminiscent of Cyc's CompositeTangibleAndIntangible category, but judiciously used. Possibly the relations should be considered not as a part of the System, but an attribute, and that could avoid any logical problems.For later. Because a System is more than just the Objects it contains (it includes the relations), it is not represented as an ObjectGroup, but is related to the Objects it contains by the 'containsObjects' relation. Formally, the relations among the objects are part of the system but at this point it is not clear that attempting to represent those relations generically will be useful. Perhaps that will be useful at a future point. Note that a System, whether artifactual or natural, must have a DesignFunction. If the System is broken, diseased, or malfunctioning it may not be able to perform that function, but will still retain its identity as a System because the identity arises from the purpose (human or evolutionary) for which the System was created. NOTE: @ToDo Rev1309: The restrictions are made optional because all NaturalLanguages are ''FunctionalSystem''s,and specifying the objects of these relations, while desirable, is too time-consuming for the stage of an 'outline' as at Rev1309 Includes but is not restricted to the artifact 'systems' intended by noun sense 2 of 'system' in Wordnet: 2. (316) system - (instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; 'he bought a new stereo system'; 'the system consists of a motor and a small computer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :System, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectGroup :GroupType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :containsObjects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CapabilityType ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :FunctionalViability :wnsense "viability2n" ; :wordnet "viability" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'viability' is a Quality of ideas and methods that are practical to carry out. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'viability' in WordNet: 2. viability - (capable of being done in a practical and useful way) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Practical ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Functionality :en "functioning" ; :wnsense "function1v", "functionality1n", "functioning1n", "performance4n" ; :wordnet "function", "functionality", "functioning", "performance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Functionality'' is a subtype of the Quality ''Utility'' that represents the manner of *how well* a Device operates. This answeres the queston of 'what can that machine do? This has some conceptual overlap with ''DesignFunction'' that has not yet been differentiated. This is placed here under the ''Quality'' ''HavingAnAttribute'' rather than under the attribute ''Capability'' to distinguish simple yes/no ability to do something (this type) from the more detailed specifics of a Device's capacity to do things. THe Wordnet verb sense 1 of 'function' seems to mean only whether something operates as expected or not - but that yes/no meaning can be taken as the limit of simplicity for a description - the job performed. Includes verb sense 1 of 'function' and verb sense 4 of 'work' in WordNet and part of noun sense 1 of 'functioning': function, work, operate, go, run - (perform as expected when applied; 'The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in'; 'Does this old car still run well?'; 'This old radio doesn't work anymore') in WordNet: WN noun 'functioning;' 1. (3) operation, functioning, performance - (process or manner of functioning or operating; 'the power of its engine determine its operation'; 'the plane's operation in high winds'; 'they compared the cooking performance of each oven'; 'the jet's performance conformed to high standards') WN noun 'functionality': 1. functionality - (capable of serving a purpose well; 'software with greater functionality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Utility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :Functionary :wnsense "functionary1n" ; :wordnet "functionary" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this sense of ''Functionary'' is a general type for any Person who has a position with the responsibility of performing some specific activities. For the more common sense of 'functionary' that is a government official, use subtype ''PublicOfficial''. Corresponds approximately to part noun sense 1 of 'functionary' in WordNet: 1. official, functionary - (a worker who holds or is invested with an office) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :SkilledWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmploymentPosition ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Functionattribute a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Functionattribute'' is an instance of ''AttributeTypeType'' and subtype of ''PhysicalAttribute'' that is a combination of other ''PhysicalAttribute''s, either a ratio or a product, or some combination of ratio and product. NOTE: the quantities that combine to make these types of attribute should be specified but as of re1161 they have not been. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValueType ] . :Functioning :en "functioning" ; :wnsense "function1v", "functioning1n", "operation8n" ; :wordnet "function", "functioning", "operation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Functioning' represents the manner of *how* something (usually a Device) operates (the manner of functioning); this can be represented as the set of individual events that occur in the course of normal operation. This answers the question 'how does that device work?' THe Wordnet verb sense 1 of 'function' seems to mean only whether something operates as expected or not - but that yes/no meaning can be taken as the limit of simplicity for a description - the job performed. To represent the yes/no ability of a Device to perform some useful function, use ''Functionality'' (a subtype of ''Utility''). Includes verb sense 1 of 'function' and verb sense 4 of 'work' in WordNet and noun sense 1 of 'functioning' and noun sense 8 of 'operation': function, work, operate, go, run - (perform as expected when applied; 'The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in'; 'Does this old car still run well?'; 'This old radio doesn't work anymore') in WordNet: WN noun 'functioning;' 1. (3) operation, functioning, performance - (process or manner of functioning or operating; 'the power of its engine determine its operation'; 'the plane's operation in high winds'; 'they compared the cooking performance of each oven'; 'the jet's performance conformed to high standards') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action . :FunctioningOfaComputer :wnsense "function1v", "go12v", "operate2v", "run7v", "work4v" ; :wordnet "function", "go", "operate", "run", "work" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FunctioningOfaComputer'' is the operation of a Computer of any size, including mainframes and mobile phones and ''EmbeddedComputer''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctioningOfaDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computing ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :FunctioningOfaDevice :eng "operating" ; :wnsense "function1v", "go12v", "operate2v", "run7v", "work4v" ; :wordnet "function", "go", "operate", "run", "work" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FunctioningOfaDevice'' is a general type representing the Action a Device takes when it is ''functioning''. This should be restricted to powered devices that can function under their own power whether or not directed by a Person. For now (Rev1313) it only specifies ''Device'' in general. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'function' in WordNet: 1. (9) function, work, operate, go, run - (perform as expected when applied; 'The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in'; 'Does this old car still run well?'; 'This old radio doesn't work anymore') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :FunctionalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationProcessEventOrState :FunctionalProcess :EventType :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :Fund :wnsense "fund1n" ; :wordnet "fund" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Fund' is a quantity of money (in any currency) formally set aside for some particular purpose. This type is a subtype of Object, and can behave like an Object in transfers of Money; it is one of the domains of 'hadObjectMoved'. NOTE that in Wordnet this is a subtype of 'money', but WN does not distinguish between substance-like money and a sum of money Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fund'in WordNet: 1. (29) fund, monetary fund - (a reserve of money set aside for some purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Money ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :FundRaising :en "fund-raising", "fundraising" ; :enn "fund-raising", "fundraising" ; :wnsense "fund raise1v", "fund-raise1v", "fundraise1v" ; :wordnet "fund raise", "fund-raise", "fundraise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FundRaising'' is a Action with some degree of organization, not just one individual collecting money one-on-one from others. This can be either mailing appeals to many potential contributors, or organizing a ''Fundraiser'' Event for that purpose, or organizing or participating in a collection activity that uses multiple people to accept money from donors.who are passing by in a public place. This is an activity that a Person may perform as an occupation. One Person holding a gathering as a ''Fundraiser'' is also an instance of ''FundRaising''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fundraise' in WordNet: 1. fund-raise, fund raise, fundraise - (raise money for a cause or project; 'We are fundraising for AIDS research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RaisingMoney, :SpurringAnActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:NonProfitOrganization :CharitableOrganization :SupportingaCauseOrParty :SponsoringaPerson :OrganizationType :ActionType :Person :AgentType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fundraiser ; owl:onProperty :mayBePerformedByAgent ] . :FundRaisingCampaign :en "fundraising campaign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FundRaisingCampaign' is an organized series of Actions by multiple people to raise funds (do ''FundRaising'') for some cause. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Campaign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FundRaising ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :Fundamentalism :wnsense "fundamentalism1n" ; :wordnet "fundamentalism" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fundamentalism' in WordNet: 1. fundamentalism - (the interpretation of every word in the sacred texts as literal truth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousBeliefs, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fundamentalist ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fundamentalist :pertainsTo :Fundamentalism, :FundamentalistPerson ; :wnsense "fundamentalist1adj", "fundamentalistic1adj" ; :wordnet "fundamentalist", "fundamentalistic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fundamentalist' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fundamentalist, fundamentalistic - (of or relating to or tending toward fundamentalism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :FundamentalistPerson :wnsense "fundamentalist1n" ; :wordnet "fundamentalist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fundamentalist' in WordNet: 1. fundamentalist - (a supporter of fundamentalism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtestantPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fundamentalist ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Funded :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FundingaProject ; :wnsense "funded1adj" ; :wordnet "funded" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'funded' in Wordnet: 1. funded - (furnished with funds; 'well-funded research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Funder :en "funder" ; :enn "funder" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Funder'' is any ''IntelligentAgent'' (including groups or organizations) that performs a ''FundingaProject'' action for any Project. This is often a 'funding agency' such as DARPA, but sometmes is an individual Person. Persos who provide theor own personal money for a project with no expectation of reimbursement form any other source are not considered ''Funder''s in this sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FundingaProject ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :FundingAnInsitution :wnsense "backing3n", "financial support1n", "funding2n", "support11n" ; :wordnet "backing", "financial support", "funding", "support" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FundingAnInsitution'' is a ''FundingaProject''where the Project is an Institution. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'funding' in WordNet: 1. support, financial support, funding, backing, financial backing - (financial resources provided to make some project possible; 'the foundation provided support for the experiment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FundingaProject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :Institution ] . :FundingMoney :en "financing", "new money" ; :wnsense "backing3n", "financial backing1n", "financial support1n", "funding1n", "support11n" ; :wordnet "backing", "financial backing", "financial support", "funding", "support" ; a :MoneyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FundingMoney''is a ''QuantityOfMoney'' provided by a ''FundingaProject'' Action. in WN 'financing' is only related to the verb, but that term is also used to refer to the money provided. RWH noun sense 2 of 'financing': 2. the funds so obtained. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'funding' in WordNet: 1. support, financial support, funding, backing, financial backing - (financial resources provided to make some project possible; 'the foundation provided support for the experiment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :FundingaProject ] . :FundingaProject :en "fund a project", "funding a project", "new money", "provide the financing", "provide the funds" ; :wnsense "backing3n", "financial backing1n", "financial support1n", "financing1n", "fund6v", "funding2n", "support11n" ; :wordnet "backing", "financial backing", "financial support", "financing", "fund", "funding", "support" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''FundingaProject''is a ''ProvidingMonetarySupport'' for a specific 'project' that is not merely supporting individuals or ongoing operations (such as charitable organizations) but for projects that are *newly* undertaken; This includes non-profit research, artistic projects such as plays or monuments, as well as commercial enterprises where the funding is startup capital. Where the ''FundingaProject'' supports some ''Institution'' use subtype ''FundingAnInsitution''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'funding' and verb sense 6 of 'fund' in WordNet: 1. support, financial support, funding, backing, financial backing - (financial resources provided to make some project possible; 'the foundation provided support for the experiment') 2. financing, funding - (the act of financing) WN verb 'fund': 6. fund - (furnish money for; 'The government funds basic research in many areas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProvidingMonetarySupport, :SpurringAnActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :SelfStarter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Funder ] . :Fundraiser :en "fund-raiser" ; :enn "fund-raiser" ; :wnsense "fundraiser1n" ; :wordnet "fundraiser" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fundraiser'' is a ''Petitioner'' who requests funds for some activity or Organization, typically a non-profit Organization. This may be performed as a full-time job. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fundraiser' in WordNet: 1. fundraiser - (someone who solicits financial contributions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Petitioner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FundRaising ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :FundraisingEvent :en "fund-raiser" ; :enn "fund-raiser" ; :wnsense "fundraiser2n" ; :wordnet "fundraiser" ; a :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FundraisingEvent'' is a ''SocialGathering'' that is organized for the purpose of ''FundRaising'' for some cause. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fundraiser' in WordNet: 2. fundraiser - (a social function that is held for the purpose of raising money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FundRaising ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :Funeral :guid "bd58fd60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "funeral1n" ; :wordnet "funeral" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A FormalMeeting whose purpose is to commemorate the Death of someone. NOTE that this is a memorial service that may or may not precede an actual burial. The act of formally burying a body is represented as 'IntermentRite'; if a funeral service is held at the site of burial, it can be both a 'Funeral' and an 'IntermentRite'. This is close to but not identical to the only sense of Wordnet 'funeral', which includes the interment. WN 'funeral' in WordNet: 1. (8) funeral - (a ceremony at which a dead person is buried or cremated; 'hundreds of people attended his funeral') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceremony, :CommemorationEvent . :FuneraryAshes :en "funerary ashes" ; :wnsense "bone ash1n" ; :wordnet "bone ash" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'FuneraryAshes' is the object consisting of the ashes of an animal that were retained in some container after cremation. If the ashes are too dispersed among other objects to be recognizable, they are still 'Remains' but are not 'FuneraryAshes'. Includes but may not solely consist of 'bone ash' - noun sense 1 of 'bone ash' in WordNet: 1. bone ash - (ash left when bones burn; high in calcium phosphate; used as fertilizer and in bone china) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Remains, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :wasOfType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ashes ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cremating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :FungalInfection :en "fungal infection" ; :guid "c10c310b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An instance of #$InfectionTypeByPathogenType, and a specialization of #$Infection. Each instance of #$FungalInfection is an infection caused by fungi (see the constant #$Fungus). Specializations of #$FungalInfection include #$Histoplasmosis and #$AthletesFoot. No specific 'fingal infection' in WN """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Infection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fungus ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayBeTreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :AntifungalDrug ] . :Fungus :guid "bd589909-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fungus1n" ; :wordnet "fungus" ; a :PlantType, :SporeFormerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$EukaryoticOrganism and #$Heterotroph, and an instance of #$BiologicalKingdom. Instances of #$Fungus are eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that are typically not capable of movement. The cell walls of instances of #$Fungus are structurally similar to the cell walls of #$Plants, but the former are composed mostly of chitin, while the latter are composed mostly of cellulose (see the collections #$Chitin and #$Cellulose). Instances of #$Fungus reproduce by means of spores, which are usually disseminated by the wind. Some types of #$Fungus are parasites (see the collection #$ParasiticOrganism), some are saprophytic (see the collection #$Saprophyte), and some have symbiotic relationships with other organisms. Notable specializations of #$Fungus include #$Mushroom, #$Yeast, and #$RingwormFungus. SUMO: A eukaryotic Organism characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and the presence of rigid cell walls. Included here are both slime molds and true fungi such as yeasts, molds, mildews, and mushrooms. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'fungus' (but not necessarily parasitic!) in WordNet: 1. fungus - (a parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll and leaves and true stems and roots and reproducing by spores) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Heterotroph, :NonFloweringPlant . :Funky :wnsense "funky3adj" ; :wordnet "funky" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Funky'' as applied to manners of dress or other types of 'appearance' indicates a style that is intended to be ''Fashionable'' or ''Stylish'' in being pleasant to look at, but also unconventional, to avoid just 'following the crowd'. ?Can it be individualistic?? Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'funky' in Wordnet: 3. funky - (stylish and modern in an unconventional way; 'she likes funky clothes'; 'we did it all in black and white in a very funky sixties style') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fashionable, :Stylish, :Unconventional . :Funnel :wnsense "funnel2n" ; :wordnet "funnel" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'funnel' in WordNet: 2. funnel - (a conically shaped utensil having a narrow tube at the small end; used to channel the flow of substances into a container with a small mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Utensil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tube ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tube ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingObject ] . :Funneling :wnsense "funnel1v" ; :wordnet "funnel" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'funnel' in WordNet: 1. (1) funnel - (move or pour through a funnel; 'funnel the liquid into the small bottle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PouringLiquidFromaContainer ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Funnel ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :Funny :hasAdverbialForm :Comically ; :isTheOppositeOf :Boring, :Dull ; :ldoce "funny" ; :wnsense "amusing2adj", "comic1adj", "comical1adj", "funny1adj", "laughable2adj", "mirthful2adj", "risible1adj" ; :wordnet "amusing", "comic", "comical", "funny", "laughable", "mirthful", "risible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Funny' is 'Amusing' in a way that causes at least some people to laugh. There may be disagreement as to whether a specific thing is Funny, therefore this is a subtype of EvaluativeAttribute. Something more generally considered as 'funny' is labeled as ''Humorous''. This may be used for attempts at humor evoking 'That's not funny'. For Events that are Funny,see 'FunnyEvent'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'funny' and sense 2 of 'amusing' and sense 1 of 'comical' in WordNet: 1. amusing, comic, comical, funny, laughable, mirthful, risible - (arousing or provoking laughter; 'an amusing film with a steady stream of pranks and pratfalls'; 'an amusing fellow'; 'a comic hat'; 'a comical look of surprise'; 'funny stories that made everybody laugh'; 'a very funny writer'; 'it would have been laughable if it hadn't hurt so much'; 'a mirthful experience'; 'risible courtroom antics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amusing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FunnyEvent ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :FunnyEvent :causes :Mirth ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FunnyEvent' is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to experience 'Mirth'. The Event causing 'Mirth' does not necessarily have to be an action of a cognitive agent, because amusement can occur due to naturally occurring events involving inanimate objects. The restriction 'causes Laughing' means that it *often* causes Laughing, though not always. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmusementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mirth ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Funny ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laughing ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Fur :hasQualitativeAttribute :Dense, :Furry ; :isPartOfOrAttachedTo :Mammal ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Mammal ; :isaSurfaceCoatingOn :Skin ; :ldoce "fur" ; :wnsense "fur1n", "fur2n" ; :wordnet "fur" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Thick hair on non-human mammals, not including the skin. This is a substance; In Cyc the usage differs, where 'Fur' is an object, not a substance - see 'FurObject' for the object. NOTE that among the three WN senses of 'fur', we use sense 2 to be the substance, and senses 1 and 3 to be objects consisting of that substance. This includes both the natural in situ fur on an animal as well as the pelt taken fom an animal: includes noun sense 1 and 2 of 'fur' in WordNet: 2. (1) fur - (dense coat of fine silky hairs on mammals (e.g., cat or seal or weasel)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mammal ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mammal ; owl:onProperty :isPartOfOrAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Furry ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FurCoat :guid "be00b03c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fur coat1n" ; :wordnet "fur coat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fur coat' in Wordnet: 1. fur coat - (a coat made of fur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coat, :FurPiece . :FurObject :guid "bd5881ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "fur" ; :wnsense "fur1n", "fur3n", "pelt1n" ; :wordnet "fur", "pelt" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object consisting of some quantity of Fur from a mammal, whether in situ or as an artifact. Note that this includes both the hair and the skin. For a garment artifact piece of fur including the skin, use 'FurPiece'; when it is still on the animal, a piece of skin and fur together would be a subtype 'Hide-AnimalBodyPart' (not yet represented rev1007). Cyc (an Object, not a substance): Hair on non-human mammals Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'fur' in WordNet, but also includes pelts not yet formed into a garment: in WordNet: 1. (8) fur, pelt - (the dressed hairy coat of a mammal) 3. fur - (a garment made of the dressed hairy coat of a mammal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MobOfHair-Mammal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fur ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Furry ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :FurPiece :ldoce "fur" ; :wnsense "fur3n" ; :wordnet "fur" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Garment mainly consisting of some quantity of Fur from a mammal. This is a piece of hide that includes the FurObject attached to the skin, formed into a garment. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fur' in WordNet, but also includes pelts not yet formed into a garment: in WordNet: 3. fur - (a garment made of the dressed hairy coat of a mammal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :FurObject, :Garment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fur ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Furious :wnsense "angered1adj", "enraged1adj", "furious2adj", "infuriated1adj", "maddened1adj" ; :wordnet "angered", "enraged", "furious", "infuriated", "maddened" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Furious'' is to be extremely '''Angry''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'furious' in Wordnet: 2. (4) angered, enraged, furious, infuriated, maddened - (marked by extreme anger; 'the enraged bull attached'; 'furious about the accident'; 'a furious scowl'; 'infuriated onlookers charged the police who were beating the boy'; 'could not control the maddened crowd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angry . :Furiously :isMoreIntensiveThan :Vigorously ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Vigorous ; :wnsense "furiously1adv" ; :wordnet "furiously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Furiously'' is an AdverbialModifier that Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'furiously' in Wordnet: 2. (2) furiously - (in a manner marked by extreme or violent energy; 'the boys fought furiously'; 'she went peddling furiously up the narrow street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vigorously, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vigorously ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntensiveThan ] . :Furnace :guid "bd58cdd9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "furnace1n" ; :wordnet "furnace" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Furnace'' is a ''HeatingDevice'' with: (1) a ''Chamber'' that heats materials in the chamber for any of several purposes; and (2) either (2a) a ''Firebox'' in which some fuel is burned to heat the chamber, or (2b) some electrical heating element(s) that can heat the chamber and the materials in it. This can be a furnace to heat the air of a houses, in which case the material in the chamber may be the air itself (if ducted to the rooms to be heated), or water - circulated as hot water or as ''Steam'' to radiators in the rooms to be heated. Or,it can be to smelt ores, or to heat materials in a laboratory setting for research, or just to burn refuse, or for any other purpose that can be accomplished by controlled heating of materials.; CYC: An enclosed structure in which heat is produced, e.g a furnace in a building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'furnace' in WordNet: 1. (1) furnace - (an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to heat buildings, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingChamber ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :FurnishingaSpace :ldoce "furnish" ; :wnsense "furnish1v" ; :wordnet "furnish" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'FurnishingaSpace' is a subtype of 'Providing' in which some IntelligentAgent puts PhysicalObjects into a space within some PhysicalObject (a ''Cavity''), so that they may be used in an appropriate manner. This is broad, but includes furnishing a house or apartment with furniture, or a laboratory with equipment, or a factory with machinery (i.e.frunishing a ''SpaceInAHOC''), or the inside of a machine etc. Furnishing an object or space with physical objects (e.g. furnishing a room with decorations or furniture) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'furnish', sense 1 of'provide' and sense 1 of 'supply' in WordNet: 1. (28) supply, provide, render, furnish - (provide or furnish with; 'We provided the room with an electrical heater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equipping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :Cavity ] . :Furnishings :en "furnishings" ; :ennp "furnishings" ; :wnsense "furnishing2n" ; :wordnet "furnishing" ; a :DeviceType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that this type 'Furnishings'' is for objects that are used to support normal living actions inside a ''HumanOccupationConstruct'' whether home or office, or some public place where people perform normal actions, as in waiting areas (seats, other furniture, TV sets). Specifying ''HouseholdRoutine'' as a use does not cover all the uses for 'Furnishings' but does not preclude others, which could make up a long list. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'furnishing' in WordNet: 2. furnishing - ((usually plural) the instrumentalities (furniture and appliances and other movable accessories including curtains and rugs) that make a home (or other area) livable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HouseholdRoutine ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanOccupationConstruct ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ] . :FurnitureLeg :wnsense "leg3n" ; :wordnet "leg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Rod that is a part of a ''FurniturePiece'' used as a support vertically aligned in the gravitational field. A ''FurnitureLeg'' may be short, as on the bottom of a bed or chest of drawers, or longer, as on a chair or table. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leg' in Wordnet: 3. (2) leg - (one of the supports for a piece of furniture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegOfArtifact, :Rod, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FurniturePiece ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FurniturePiece ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :FurniturePart :en "furniture part" ; :enn "furniture part" ; :guid "bd58effe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "CYC: The collection of all parts made for #$FurniturePieces." ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :FurniturePiece ] . :FurniturePiece :guid "bd58d01d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "furniture" ; :wnsense "furniture1n", "piece of furniture1n" ; :wordnet "furniture", "piece of furniture" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: following the Cyc categorization, a FurniturePiece can be any of a variety of things found in a house, such as a Piano or a Refrigerator. To distinguish FurniturePiece from other object such as decorations, a FurniturePiece must stand on the floor, or some platform on the floor. Something placed on a shelf or hanging from a wall or the ceiling is not a FurniturePiece (it would be, e.g. a decoration or fixture). A piece of furniture is a NonAgentive artifact - therefore a 'smart' refrigerator that can reorder supplies may be an Agent, but not an IntentionalAgent - it can't form plans of its own, it can only carry out orders. IF appliances get a lot smarter, this categorization may have to be modified (adding non-agentive furniture?). NOTE also that here 'furniture' is treated as a single object, not a substance consisting of multiple objects. To talk about the 'furniture' plural of a room, one need a 'FurnitureGroup' (not represented yet in rev1007). Cyc: A specialization of #$DurableGoods, #$HumanOccupationConstructObject, and #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$FurniturePiece is a durable artifact of a type that is typically used in human dwellings (see #$HumanShelterConstruction) to make them more comfortable. Many useful specializations of this collection can be classified according to the main function their instances serve. Such functions include: (i) providing support for people's bodies while they are seated or reclining (e.g. #$Bed-PieceOfFurniture and #$FootStool), (ii) providing work or activity surfaces (e.g. #$Desk-PieceOfFurniture and #$DiningRoomTable), (iii) providing organized or protective storage for one's belongings (e.g. #$Dresser-PieceOfFurniture and #$Bookcase-PieceOfFurniture), and (iv) providing illumination (e.g. #$ElectricLamp). Most pieces of furniture are #$NonPoweredDevices (q.v.) in that they don't need any energy input in order to serve their function; but of course there are plenty of exceptions to this, such as electric lamps, console TVs, and hospital beds. Note that #$FurniturePiece only includes _whole_ pieces of furniture; e.g. a sofa is an instance, but an arm of a sofa is not. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'furniture' in WordNet: 1. (11) furniture, piece of furniture, article of furniture - (furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy; 'they had too much furniture for the small apartment'; 'there was only one piece of furniture in the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :DurableGood, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Floor ; owl:onProperty :isOnTopOf ] . :Furrow :wnsense "furrow1n" ; :wordnet "furrow" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Furrow'' is a shallow ''Trench'' that is created for plating and growing crops. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'furrow' in WordNet: 1. (1) furrow - (a long shallow trench in the ground (especially one made by a plow)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trench, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shallow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingPlants ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialFarming ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plowing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Furry :wnsense "furry1adj" ; :wordnet "furry" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Furry'' is the property of having thick hair on the surface - of a live animal or of a ''Hide'' or of a synthetic fur piece or toy animal. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'furry' in WordNet: 1. (1) furred, furry - (covered with a dense coat of fine silky hairs; 'furred animals'; 'a furry teddy bear') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hairy . :Fusing :wnsense "fuse2v" ; :wordnet "fuse" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE that ''Fusing'' is for SolidObjects and the parent ''Melting'' is for LiqidbOjects, but both occur simultaneously. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fuse' in WordNet: 2. (1) fuse - (become plastic or fluid or liquefied from heat; 'The substances fused at a very high temperature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Melting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :FusionWeapon :en "fusion weapon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NuclearWeapon . :Fuss :wnsense "ado1n", "bustle1n", "flurry1n", "fuss4n", "hustle2n", "stir3n" ; :wordnet "ado", "bustle", "flurry", "fuss", "hustle", "stir" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A minor ''DisorderlyActivity'' potentially caused by the objections of one or a few people. VerbalArguingEvent Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'fuss' in Wordnet: 4. bustle, hustle, flurry, ado, fuss, stir - (a rapid active commotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisorderlyActivity . :Futile :ldoce "useless" ; :wnsense "futile1adj", "ineffectual2adj", "otiose2adj", "unavailing1adj" ; :wordnet "futile", "ineffectual", "otiose", "unavailing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an Action that produced *no* useful part of the intended result. This is less effective than the parent attribute ''Ineffectual'', which can be used for Actions that produce *something* useful, but not the ful intended result. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'futile' and part of sense 1 of 'ineffectual' in WordNet: 1. (2) futile, ineffectual, otiose, unavailing - (producing no result or effect; 'a futile effort'; 'the therapy was ineffectual'; 'an otiose undertaking'; 'an unavailing attempt') WN adj 'ineffective' 1. ineffective, uneffective, ineffectual - (not producing an intended effect; 'an ineffective teacher'; 'ineffective legislation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ineffectual . :FutureMeeting a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FutureMeeting'' is a ''Meeting'' that is a ''GoalSituation'' agreed to by two or more people, as the 'desired future situation' contemplated in an ''Appointment''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event-Organized, :GoalSituation, :Meeting, :PromisedAction, :SocialInteraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appointment ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ] . :FutureSituation :ldoce "future" ; :wnsense "future1n" ; :wordnet "future" ; a :EventType, :FutureSituationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FutureSituation is a Situation, Process, Event, or State that *either* has not yet happened, i.e. that still lies in the Future at the time that the instance is recorded in some database or mentioned in some document. *or* is an ongoing Event that has started but has not yet been completed (such as a 'Task'' that has started); that would have been completely in the future at some time, and the ending is still in the future. To avoid commlcations, a 'Task'' that has started and not been completed is still a ''FutureSitution'' until completed, altough the completed parts, if identifiable will not themselves be ''FutureSituation''s. *Therefore*the restriction on Time location is *not* confined to ''FutureTimeInterval''s. Obviously, instances of this category must have some base time as a referent, since Events that are future at one time will, if they become actual, be past at a later time. Once a 'FutureSituation' becomes actual and comes to an end, it has the attribute 'Finished'. But this category is particularly useful to make clear the meaning of some Mental entities that reference future events, such as 'Goal' and 'Task' and 'Obligation'. NOTE that this is a subtype of ''UnknownEvent'' - a ''FutureSituation'' is unknown to every mortal - though one may make good guesses as to some future events - e.g. an eclipse (if our solar system is not destroyed before it happens) WordNet does not have a 'future situation' as such,only a future time, but that sense of 'future' is closest to this,though more closely related to 'FutureTimeInterval': in WordNet: 1. (46) future, hereafter, futurity, time to come - (the time yet to come) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationProcessEventOrState, :UnknownEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimePointOfReference ; owl:onProperty :occurredLaterThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTemporalLocation ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureTimeInterval ] . :FutureSituationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of ''FutureSituation'' as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventType . :FutureTimeInterval :ldoce "future" ; :wnsense "future1n" ; :wordnet "future" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FutureTimeInterval is a TimeInterval that occurs after some TimePointOfReference, on the universal time line. This is for some specific future time interval; the sense of 'future' meaning *all* future time would be a subtype of this. For one time point in the future, use the subtype 'FutureTimePoint'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'future' in WordNet, but this sense can be for some specific future time interval, whereas WN sense seems to include all of the future time: in WordNet: 1. (46) future, hereafter, futurity, time to come - (the time yet to come) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimePointOfReference ; owl:onProperty :occurredLaterThan ] . :FutureTimePoint a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FutureTimePoint is a TimePoint that occurs after the TimePointOfreference.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FutureTimeInterval, :TimePoint . :FutureWeatherEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A WeatherEvent that is a 'FutureSituation' - it may be expected, predicted or otherwise hypothesized. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FutureSituation, :WeatherEvent ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:WeatherEvent :FutureSituation ) ] . :Fuzz :wnsense "fuzz1n" ; :wordnet "fuzz" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance ''Fuzz'' is a ''HairLikeSubstance'' consisting of a number of *short* hair-like fibers that can be natural (as on a peach or sparse hair on a body), or synthetic as on a felt-like piece of cloth. RHW 'fuzz' 1: 'loose, light, fibrous, or fluffy matter.' Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'fuzz' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hair, fuzz, tomentum - (filamentous hairlike growth on a plant; 'peach fuzz') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairLikeSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fuzzy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Fuzzy :isTheOppositeOf :Smooth ; :wnsense "fuzzy1adj" ; :wordnet "fuzzy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having multiple short hairs or fibers on a sheetlike surface. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'fuzzy' in WordNet: 1. (2) fuzzed, fuzzy - (covering with fine light hairs; 'his head fuzzed like a dandelion gone to seed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rough, :SheetLike . :G-force :wnsense "g-force1n", "g5n", "gee1n" ; :wordnet "g", "g-force", "gee" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''G-force'' is approximatel equal to 32 feet per second per second (32 ft/sec^2). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'g-force' in WordNet: 1. g, gee, g-force - (a unit of force equal to the force exerted by gravity; used to indicate the force to which a body is subjected when it is accelerated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForceUnit, :FunctionQuantity . :GCB-PC-BAL10171122 :equals :FiveThousandDollars ; :isTheMonetaryValueOf :PatsCosmoAccount ; a :AccountBalance . :GML_DirectionMeasure a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """GML_DirectionMeasure is a DirectionMeasure expressed in the manner specified in the Geography markup language (GML) standard from the Open Geospatial Consortium. (see http://www.opengis.net/gml/) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionMeasure . :GT_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used to specify a GreaterThanNumber, as a lower limit quantifier.""" . :GT_1 :hasLowerLimit "1"^^xsd:float ; a :GreaterThanNumber, :NonnegativeInt . :GT_50 a :PositiveRealNumber . :Gabon :wnsense "Gabon1n" ; :wordnet "Gabon" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Gabon' in WordNet: 1. Gabon, Gabonese Republic, Gabun - (a republic on the west coast of Africa) """ . :Gadget :wnsense "appliance1n", "contraption1n", "contrivance1n", "doodad1n", "doohickey1n", "doojigger1n", "gadget1n", "gimmick2n", "gismo1n", "gismo2n", "gizmo1n", "gizmo2n", "gubbins1n", "thingamabob1n", "thingamajig1n", "thingmabob1n", "thingmajig1n", "thingumabob1n", "thingumajig1n", "thingummy1n", "whatchamacallit1n", "whatchamacallum1n", "whatsis1n", "widget1n", "widget2n" ; :wordnet "appliance", "contraption", "contrivance", "doodad", "doohickey", "doojigger", "gadget", "gimmick", "gismo", "gizmo", "gubbins", "thingamabob", "thingamajig", "thingmabob", "thingmajig", "thingumabob", "thingumajig", "thingummy", "whatchamacallit", "whatchamacallum", "whatsis", "widget" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gadget'' is a generic term for any ''HandHeld'' ''Device'', used when the name is forgotten or the purpose of the Device is unknown, or to refer to such Devices generally. NOTE: there seems little difference between the 'gadget' synset and 'doohickey' synset, so these are merged. The WN gloss of 'gadget' only specifies being useful, but that is a characteristic of every Device. Distinctions might be possible after a large number of tags are available in a text corpus. Perhaps the 'thingamajig' could be used for objects of unspecified size, as a parent of ''Gadget''? NOTE: the restriction requires that the ''Gadget' be small enough to be ''HandHeld''. Larger Devices may use some of the terms that suggest that the speaker merely forgot the name, but those would need a separate entry. perhaps a generic 'UnspecifiedObject'? Includes noun sense 1 of 'gadget' ans sense 1 of 'doohickey' in WordNet: 1. (9) appliance, contraption, contrivance, convenience, gadget, gizmo, gismo, widget - (a device or control that is very useful for a particular job) WN noun 'doohickey': 1. doodad, doohickey, doojigger, gimmick, gizmo, gismo, gubbins, thingamabob, thingumabob, thingmabob, thingamajig, thingumajig, thingmajig, thingummy, whatchamacallit, whatchamacallum, whatsis, widget - (something unspecified whose name is either forgotten or not known; 'she eased the ball-shaped doodad back into its socket'; 'there may be some great new gizmo around the corner that you will want to use') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :PointyEndedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandHeld ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gadolinium :guid "c14aa26f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "64"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Ductile ; :wnsense "Gd2n", "gadolinium1n" ; :wordnet "Gd", "gadolinium" ; a :ElementType, :MalleableThingType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of gadolinium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gadolinium' in WordNet: 1. gadolinium, Gd, atomic number 64 - (a ductile silvery-white ductile ferromagnetic trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Gaffe :wnsense "faux pas1n", "gaffe1n", "gaucherie2n", "slip1n", "solecism1n" ; :wordnet "faux pas", "gaffe", "gaucherie", "slip", "solecism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Doing something 'socially awkward'. NOTE: in politics, a comments that appears to reflect unfavorably on a politician may be called a 'gaffe., but that depends on context and interpretation. In one view, saying something that is true when a lie or evasion would be more politically expedient is called a 'gaffe'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gaffe' in WordNet: 1. faux pas, gaffe, solecism, slip, gaucherie - (a socially awkward or tactless act) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorMistake . :Gainful :isTheOppositeOf :Unpaid ; :wnsense "gainful1adj", "nonrecreational1adj", "paid2adj", "paid3adj", "paying1adj" ; :wordnet "gainful", "nonrecreational", "paid", "paying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"'Paid'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that may or may not be a ''WorkingEvent'', for which the person doing the work was compensated, by money or other valuable thing. Being provided with food during work time is not considered as being compensated. RHW 'gainful': profitable; lucrative: gainful employment. Corresponds to noun sense 2 and part of sense 3 (or individuals, not enterprises) of 'paid' in WordNet: 2. (1) nonrecreational, paid - (involving gainful employment in something often done as a hobby) 3. gainful, paid, paying - (yielding a fair profit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :GainingControl :en "acquiring", "getting", "obtaining" ; :guid "2c3816f2-79b8-41d7-9f61-c5aa37060830" ; :ldoce "get", "obtain" ; :wnsense "acquire1v", "get1v", "obtain1v" ; :wordnet "acquire", "get", "obtain" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Event in which an Agent takes control of something, physical or abstract. The subtype 'Obtaining' is for getting control of a PhysicalObject. An abstract thing one can 'obtain' can be a Right. This is interpreted somewhat differently from 'Getting' in SUMO, and is classified as a synonym of 'GainingControl' In SUMO this term is a ChangeOfPossession, but in COSMO it is not necessarily so, it is a supertype. SUMO: The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the agent gets something. Note that the source from which something is obtained is specified with the origin CaseRole. The taking control need not involve another agent losing control - something can be taken from a natural setting, or something abandoned may be taken up by another person. Also, this does not imply any change of ownership, it is purely the Event of an Agent gaining control of something. NOTE that this includes, but is not only, the Event of acquiring physical possession of a PhysicalObject- this can be getting an abstract object. For the mosre specific sense, use 'Obtaining' In SUMO this term is a ChangeOfPossession, but in COSMO it is not necessarily so, it is a supertype. Cyc: A collection of events and a specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer. Each instance of this collection is an event in which something comes under the control of (cf. #$takesControl) some #$Agent. 'Control' here means the ability on the part of an agent to determine 'what happens to' another object or agent. In the case where the thing controlled exhibits 'activities' or 'behavior', this extends to a nontrivial ability to direct or circumscribe some important aspect of the behavior that the object or agent exhibits. Examples include capturing a wild longhorn and mining for gold. For cases where the thing controlled was previously under the control of another agent, see #$TransferOfControl. See also #$GainingControlOfFn. Note that this collection should not be conflated with #$GainingUserRights. The right (moral, legal, whatever) to make use of something is not the same thing as the ability to control that thing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'get' and includes sense 1 of 'obtain' in WordNet: 1. (235) get, acquire - (come into the possession of something concrete or abstract; 'She got a lot of paintings from her uncle'; 'They acquired a new pet'; 'Get your results the next day'; 'Get permission to take a few days off from work') WN 'obtain' 1. (118) obtain - (come into possession of; 'How did you obtain the visa?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer, :Receiving . :GainingFreedom :guid "88daa34c-20cd-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$TransferOfControl events in which an #$Agent of some kind is released from some kind of significant check of his, her, or its freedom-of-action. The release may be intentional on the part of the agent hitherto exerting control (see #$BeingFreedFromControl) or it may be unintentional (see #$EscapingFromControl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransferOfControl . :GainingSomething :reversesTheEffectOf :LosingSomething ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GainingSomething'' is is the most general sense of 'gaining' or getting'. This is any event in which something - an Object, a Function, an attribute, a part, or something that is a ''ValuableThing'' for any Agent - is gained by that agent, in part or in total, in any fashion, by an Action of creating, growth, finding something, earning something, being given something or any other means of gaining - though not necessarily 'GainingControl', as some cherished animal or Person - a friend or relative - may provide a gain in joy without any means of control. 'gaining something back' that was previously lost or lent or misplaced or stolen would be under the subtype ''Regaining'' This is not necesarily a ''GoodThing'' because the gaining may be illegal or accomplished by theft or violence. Even given that 'good' is relative to the agent involved, that attribute cannnot be ascribed here. A subtype may be labeled 'good without potential conflict. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation . :GainingUserRights :guid "bd6460d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ChangeInUserRights. In each instance of #$GainingUserRights, some #$Agent acquires a right to use an item. The item in question is identified as the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer, and the agent is the #$toPossessor (that is, the one to whom the possession comes). The #$Agent may or may not be a #$deliberateActors in the event; for example, buying a car is done on purpose, but receiving a car as a gift isn't. Either of these events, however, would be an instance of the collection #$GainingUserRights.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeInUserRights, :Event, :TransferIn . :Gait :wnsense "gait1n" ; :wordnet "gait" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the *manner* of moving (walk,trot, gallop) on foot. The rate could be a subtype of ''Pace''. NOTE: this is a manner, which *may* connote some information on the rate of moving. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gait' in WordNet: 1. (10) pace, gait - (the rate of moving (especially walking or running)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation . :Gala :wnsense "blowout3n", "gala affair1n", "gala1n", "jamboree1n" ; :wordnet "blowout", "gala", "gala affair", "jamboree" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'gala': 1.a carousal; any noisy merrymaking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gala' in WordNet: 1. gala, gala affair, jamboree, blowout - (a gay festivity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Celebration, :Event-Organized, :PleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Festive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Galactic :pertainsTo :Galaxy, :MilkyWay ; :wnsense "galactic1adj" ; :wordnet "galactic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'galactic' in Wordnet: 1. galactic - (of or relating to a galaxy (especially our galaxy the Milky Way); 'the galactic plane') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Galaxy :guid "c0fbab2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "extragalactic nebula1n", "galaxy3n" ; :wordnet "extragalactic nebula", "galaxy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A galaxy is an 'AstronomicalObject'. It includes Earth's galaxy, because it is located in OuterSpace, and is not (wholly) located on Earth. Every ''Galaxy'' has many thousands of stars. and often hundreds of billions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'galaxy' in Wordnet: 3. galaxy, extragalactic nebula - ((astronomy) a collection of star systems; any of the billions of systems each having many stars and nebulae and dust; ''extragalactic nebula'' is a former name for ''galaxy'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AstronomicalObject, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Star ; owl:minCardinality "2000"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Gale :hasCorrespondingProcess :AirCurrent ; :wnsense "gale1n" ; :wordnet "gale" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A strong ''Wind''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gale' in Wordnet: 1. gale - (a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wind, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strong ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Galena :guid "c1434b37-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "galena1n" ; :wordnet "galena" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'galena' in WordNet: 1. galena - (soft blue-grey mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :GallBladder :guid "bd5906af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gallbladder1n" ; :wordnet "gallbladder" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Storage sack for bile. RHW: a pear-shaped, muscular sac attached to the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver, in which bile is stored and concentrated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gallbladder' in WordNet: 1. (1) gallbladder - (a muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan, :Sac-Organic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bile ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bile ; owl:onProperty :secretes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liver ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ] . :GallStone :guid "c0fd5d86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bilestone1n", "gallstone1n" ; :wordnet "bilestone", "gallstone" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of objects formed by buildup of minerals in the gall bladder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gallstone' in WordNet: 1. gallstone, bilestone - (a calculus formed in the gall bladder or its ducts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateObject-Natural, :OrganicObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mineral ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GallBladder ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :GallStoneCondition :guid "c0fd5ca1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ailment characterized by the build-up of gall-stones in the body. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GallStone ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ] . :GallatinRiver :guid "bd58b900-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the confluent rivers forming the Missouri" . :Galleon :guid "c100957f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "galleon1n" ; :wordnet "galleon" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'galleon' in WordNet: 1. galleon - (a large square-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts; used by the Spanish for commerce and war from the 15th to 18th centuries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryWatercraft, :SailingShip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Antiquated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mast ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Gallery :wnsense "gallery6n" ; :wordnet "gallery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gallery'' is a ''Balcony'' at the back of a lerge room used for meetings or performances, were spectators (''Onlooker''s) can observe thee proceedings. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'gallery' in WordNet: 6. gallery - (narrow recessed balcony area along an upper floor on the interior of a building; usually marked by a colonnade) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Balcony, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GalleryOfSpectators ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :GalleryOfSpectators :wnsense "gallery1n" ; :wordnet "gallery" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SpectatorGallery'' is an ''AudienceOfSpectators'' required to sit or stand within some specified confined are while watching a performance, not allowed to interfere with the action.. Examples: spectators on the sidelines of a golf match, the spectators in a balcony of a meeting room, as in a congressional meeting, or the 'Peanut Gallery' watching a performance from a portion of the room during a broadcast of a children's show (also used figuratively). Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'gallery' in WordNet: 1. gallery - (spectators at a golf or tennis match) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudienceOfSpectators, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Onlooker ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Galley :wnsense "galley1n", "galley2n" ; :wordnet "galley" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Thee two WN senses of ''Galley'' can be distinguished, but are merged until more detail is needed. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'galley' in WordNet: 1. galley - (a large medieval vessel with a single deck propelled by sails and oars with guns at stern and prow; a complement of 1,000 men; used mainly in the Mediterranean for war and trading) 2. galley - ((classical antiquity) a crescent-shaped seagoing vessel propelled by oars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Watercraft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GalleyOar ; owl:onProperty :isPropelledBy ] . :GalleyKitchen :wnsense "galley3n", "galley4n" ; :wordnet "galley" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GalleyKitchen'' is a ''KitchenCompartment'' that is a small Room-like compartment of a Ship or Airplane, or for ''MobileHome''s that are large enough,for a separate compartment in a ''MobileHome'' (not just the cooking surfaces on one side). Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'galley' in WordNet: 3. galley - (the kitchen area for food preparation on an airliner) 4. galley, ship's galley, caboose, cookhouse - (the area for food preparation on a ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KitchenCompartment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :GalleyOar a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongOar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Galley ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ] . :GallinaceousBird :wnsense "gallinaceous bird1n" ; :wordnet "gallinaceous bird" ; a :AgentType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of several heavy-bodies ground-feeding birds of the order Galliformes. RHW ('gallinaceous') belonging or pertaining to the order Galliformes, comprising medium-sized, mainly ground-feeding domestic or game birds, as the chicken, turkey, grouse, pheasant, and partridge. Corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'fowl' in RHW: 1. the domestic or barnyard hen or rooster; chicken. Cf. domestic fowl. 2. any of several other, usually gallinaceous, birds that are barnyard, domesticated, or wild, as the duck, turkey, or pheasant.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gallinaceous bird' in WordNet: 1. gallinaceous bird, gallinacean - (heavy-bodied largely ground-feeding domestic or game birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :Gallium :guid "bd58a810-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "31"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ga2n", "gallium1n" ; :wordnet "Ga", "gallium" ; a :ElementType, :MalleableThingType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of gallium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gallium' in WordNet: 1. gallium, Ga, atomic number 31 - (a rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :GallonJug a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GallonJug' is a Jug that can contain about one gallon of a liquid. It can be made of any solid material.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerByVolume, :Jug, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneGallon ; owl:onProperty :hasInternalVolume ] . :GallonJugPC1 :consistsOfSubstance :Glass ; :hasMassInGrams "1000"^^xsd:float ; :isDesignedToContain :Water ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :JugOfWaterPC1 ; a :GallonJug, :GlassObject . :GallonOfWaterPC1 :consistsOfSubstance :TapWater ; :hasMassInGrams "950"^^xsd:float ; :isContainedIn :GallonJugPC1 ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :JugOfWaterPC1 ; a :ContainedLiquidObject, :Contents ; rdfs:comment """The water in this Jug is the onlt contents, so it is an instance of 'Contents'.""" . :Galloping :wnsense "gallop1n", "gallop2v" ; :wordnet "gallop" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Galloping'' is the fastest manner of moving for a Horse (or other Equine?). NOTE: a breed of Icelandic horses has a fast 'gallop' in which the four legs are never all off the ground simultaneously - a gait called a 'tolt' (with an umlaut over the 'o'). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'gallop' in WordNet: 2. (3) gallop - (go at galloping speed; 'The horse was galloping along') WN noun 'gallop': 1. (2) gallop - (a fast gait of a horse; a two-beat stride during which all four legs are off the ground simultaneously) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Galosh :guid "bd5890ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "galosh1n", "golosh1n", "gumshoe2n", "rubber5n" ; :wordnet "galosh", "golosh", "gumshoe", "rubber" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Boots made of rubber, worn on other shoes; protect from snow and slush. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'galosh' in WordNet: 1. arctic, galosh, golosh, rubber, gumshoe - (a waterproof overshoe that protects shoes from water or snow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boot, :RainGear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rubber ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Galvanizing :guid "bd58ab8d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "galvanise2v", "galvanize2v" ; :wordnet "galvanise", "galvanize" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Galvanizing event, iron or steel is coated with zinc. This coating is usually accomplished by hot-dipping, but can be done with the aid of an electric current. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'galvanize' in WordNet: 2. galvanize, galvanise - (cover with zinc; \"galvanize steel\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlatingMetal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Zinc ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :SheetOfMetal ] . :GalvanizingSomeone :wnsense "galvanise1v", "galvanize1v" ; :wordnet "galvanise", "galvanize" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GalvanizingSomeone is a 'ShockingSomeone' Event which stimulates a Person to perform some Action. 'shocked into action' NOTE: the term 'startle' in represented by the parent type ''StartlingAnAnimal'', which may cause an involuntary reaction without necessarily cause a ''PurposefulAction''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'galvanize' in WordNet: 1. startle, galvanize, galvanise - (to stimulate to action ; '..startled him awake'; 'galvanized into action') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnEvent, :ShockingSomeone, :StartlingAnAnimal, :Stimulus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PurposefulAction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Galvanometer :guid "bd602499-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "galvanometer1n" ; :wordnet "galvanometer" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device used to measure electric current. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'galvanometer' in WordNet: 1. galvanometer - (meter for detecting or comparing or measuring small electric currents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gauge, :MeteringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :Gambia a :Country . :Gambler :wnsense "gambler1n" ; :wordnet "gambler" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gambler'' is a ''RiskTaker''who often risks money in some form of ''Gambling'' in the hope of winning more money than risked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gambler' in WordNet: 1. (1) gambler - (a person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RiskTaker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gambling ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Gambling :en "betting", "lay a bet", "laying a bet", "make a bet", "making a bet", "wagering" ; :wnsense "bet2n", "bet2v", "gambling1n", "gaming1n", "play16n", "wager1n", "wager1v" ; :wordnet "bet", "gambling", "gaming", "play", "wager" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wagering (betting) money on the outcome of some event(s) that (are believed to) have a major element of chance. This is for the common forms of 'gambling', as in casinos, lotteries, or private games. This is for intransitive and transitive uses. The Thing wagered does not have to be money, but should be something owned (some ''Property'). The ''Stakes'' need to be specified. For informal 'betting' on some event with no money at stake, use the parent ''TakingRisks''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wager' in Wordnet: WN noun 'wager': 1. bet, wager - (the act of gambling; 'he did it on a bet') WN verb 'wager': 1. bet, wager, play - (stake on the outcome of an issue; 'I bet $100 on that new horse'; 'She played all her money on the dark horse') WN verb 'gamble': 2. gamble - (play games for money) WN noun 'gaming': 1. gambling, gaming, play - (the act of playing for stakes in the hope of winning (including the payment of a price for a chance to win a prize); 'his gambling cost him a fortune'; 'there was heavy play at the blackjack table') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingRisks, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRisked ; owl:someValuesFrom :Stakes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Gambler ] . :GamblingHouse :en "gambling hall" ; :wnsense "gambling den1n", "gambling hell1n", "gambling house1n", "gaming house1n" ; :wordnet "gambling den", "gambling hell", "gambling house", "gaming house" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GamblingHouse'' is ''Building'' in which gambling is performed as a commercialvactivity. It can be small without hotel or entertainment functions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gambling house' in WordNet: 1. (2) gambling house, gambling den, gambling hell, gaming house - (a public building in which a variety of games of chance can be played (operated as a business)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialBuilding . :Game :guid "be44bd19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "game" ; :wnsense "game2n" ; :wordnet "game" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: some activities called 'game' by some people do not fit the Cyc definition of 'having rules'. For COSMO 'game', having some rules is a necessary condition for an activity to be a 'Game'. However,this is broader than the notion of 'game' as being something performed in competition. Specifically, any ''Sport'' is considered as a ''Game'', and that include gymnastics, often not performed in competitive situations. , Cyc: A specialization of #$DevisedStructuredActivity. Each instance of #$Game is an abstraction of a game that is played according to a semi-rigid set of rules. Each instance includes both the rules (see #$GameRulesFn) and a specification of any physical components required for play (instances of #$GameBoard, #$Ball, etc.). Neither #$Events of playing games (instances of #$PlayingAGame) nor any physical components required for play (e.g. #$GameBoards) are instances of #$Game. In SUMO, a Game is the actual act of playing the game; see 'GameEvent'. NOTE: WordNet has no sense of 'game' that formally includes only the rules. Both senses 1 and 2 are subtypes of 'event'. However, the gloss distinction between senses 1 and 2 suggests that sense 2 is intended to be the formal rules: in WordNet: 1. (640) game - (a single play of a sport or other contest; the game lasted two hours) 2. (167) game - (a contest with rules to determine a winner; you need four people to play this game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DevisedStructuredActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GameEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Game-EquipmentSet :guid "c0ba7559-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "game5n" ; :wordnet "game" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances of #$Game-EquipmentSet are groups of objects which, taken together, form the set of things needed to play some game. Examples include: A chess set. A badminton net, birdie and two racquets. A 'Trivial Pursuit' board, timer, game pieces and cards. A set of playing cards. When someone buys a game, what they are really buying is the set of gear to play that game. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'game' in WordNet: 5. (14) game - (the game equipment needed in order to play a particular game; 'the child received several games for his birthday') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Collectible, :Device, :SetOfObjects . :GameAnimal :en "game animal" ; :ldoce "game" ; :wnsense "game4n" ; :wordnet "game" ; a :BeastType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GameAnimal'' is an animal that is hunted. Usually this is a Vertebrate, but invertebrates can also be 'hunted', Q: 'feedsOn Plant?? Lions?? redo that. An animal hunted for food or sport. This is a singular use, not the collective. @ToDo: add the collective for 'game'? Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'game' in WordNet: 4. (26) game - (animal hunted for food or sport) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalRole, :WildAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hunting ; owl:onProperty :wasPursuedInAction ] . :GameArtifact a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An Artifact that is designed to be used as an instrument in a Game. The notion of 'Game' used here is broad, including sports games, board games, and children's games such as 'Hide-and-Seek'. (disjointDecomposition GameArtifact GameBoard GamePiece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :RecreationalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Game ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :GameBird :wnsense "game bird1n" ; :wordnet "game bird" ; a :BirdType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GameBird'' is a ''Bird'' that is hunted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'game bird' in WordNet: 1. (1) game bird - (any bird (as grouse or pheasant) that is hunted for sport) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird, :GameAnimal . :GameBoard :en "game board" ; :guid "bd58cde4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "board" ; :wnsense "board5n", "gameboard1n" ; :wordnet "board", "gameboard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of flat portable surfaces (usually rectangular) designed for board games. This category is non-powered, so electronic 'game boards' are not instances. A GameBoard may be foldable; when folded, it is still a GameBoard. SUMO: A GameArtifact which is intended to be used as the game area for playing a particular game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'game board' and sense 5 of 'board' in WordNet: 5. (11) board, gameboard - (a flat portable surface (usually rectangular) designed for board games; 'he got out the board and set up the pieces') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :GameArtifact, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingABoardGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :GameChip :en "game chip" ; :wnsense "chip6n", "poker chip1n" ; :wordnet "chip", "poker chip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GameChip''is any of various discoid pieces about one inch in diameter, designed to be used in any game. These include poker chips, casino chips and ''Checker''s, which are not usually referred to as 'chips'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 6 of 'chip' in WordNet: 6. chip, poker chip - (a small disk-shaped counter used to represent money when gambling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disk, :GamePiece . :GameCourt :en "game court" ; :wnsense "court3n" ; :wordnet "court" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A flat ''PlotOfLand'' used for playing some game, but not so large as to be called a'field'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'court' in Wordnet: 3. (36) court - (a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played; 'players had to reserve a court in advance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :PlotOfLand, :SportsFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GameEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :GameEquipment :wnsense "game equipment1n" ; :wordnet "game equipment" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''GameEquipment'' is one or more ''Device''s designed for or designated for supporting the paying of some ''GameEvent'', including board games or field sports. NOTe that somesubtypes of ''GameEquipment'' are individual objects (such as ''GamePiece''). Although these inherit the ''Group'' type from this type, those subtypes will generally not be instances of ''GroupType''. This usage is consistent with a ''Group'' consisting of one element being identical to that one element. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'game equipment' in WordNet: 1. game equipment - (equipment or apparatus used in playing a game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GameEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :GameEvent :CYC "PlayingAGame" ; :en "playing a game" ; :guid "bd58eb67-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "game" ; :wnsense "game1n" ; :wordnet "game" ; a :EventType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMONOTE: a ''GameEvent'' is not always a competition, as it includes *any* execution of a 'Sport'' (specification), including gymnastics performed alone and solely for exercise or relaxation. This Type is a merger of the Cyc Types 'PlayingAGame' and 'GameEvent'. As an Event,each instance of GameEvent must be an execution of some 'Game', which is the structured activity specifying the rules for the game. In SUMO, 'Game' is considerd the execution itself, but in COSMO the term 'Game' is used for the rules describing the game, which is a 'Procedure'. Examples include people playing chess and people long jumping. This includes animals 'playing' (e.g. cats pr dogs playing woth toys) but that will be a rare use. NOTE this is not a subtype of 'competition' - it is not clear that a game must be a competition (e.g. solitaire). Perhaps - if so, that parent can be added. The Cyc distinctions seem too fine to warrant separate Types, and the separate Types can be dissociated if some reason to do so appears. Cyc (PlayingAGame) A specialization of #$Playing and #$Event-Organized. Each instance of #$PlayingAGame is an event in which a person plays a game. Examples include people playing chess and people long jumping. Cyc: (GameEvent) A collection of individual Events. Each instance of #$GameEvent includes the entirety of some game, from the beginning to the point where a conclusion is reached (there is a winner, there is a draw, or the game is abandoned). Each #$GameEvent has as #$subEvents one or more instances of #$PlayingAGame, but may have other sorts of significant #$subEvents as well. For example, a particular #$FootballGame-American, in its entirety, would be an instance of #$GameEvent. That game's subEvents would include, among other things, instances of (#$PlayingFn #$FootballGame-American) performed by some #$FootballPlayer-American, instances of #$EvaluatingAnAction performed by some #$Referee, and instances of #$MeasuringSomething performed by some #$SportsOfficial. A game of Monopoly, from beginning to end, would be an instance of #$GameEvent, with subEvents possibly including instances of #$PlayingABoardGame, #$DisputeEvent, #$DistributionEvent, and (#$CleaningFn #$Table-PieceOfFurniture). In SUMO, called 'Game': SUMO (Game): A Contest whose purpose is the enjoyment/stimulation of the participants or spectators of the Game. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'game' in WordNet: 1. (640) game - (a single play of a sport or other contest; 'the game lasted two hours') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :CulturalThing, :Event-Organized, :Playing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Game :GameType :SportType ) ] ] . :GameEventTimeDivision a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GameEventTimeDivision'' is one several (two or more) ''PlayingPeriod''s, each of which is a ''TimeInterval' during which part of a ''GameEvent'' is played. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingPeriod . :GameMeat :wnsense "game8n" ; :wordnet "game" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GameMeat'' is the ''Meat'' derived from a ''GameAnimal''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'game' in WordNet: 8. (1) game - (the flesh of wild animals that is used for food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, :Meat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GameAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :GameNet :ldoce "net" ; :wnsense "net5n" ; :wordnet "net" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GameNet'' is a ''Mesh'' of varying shape and location , used in some Sport ''GameEvent'', such as in Tennis, Volleyball, Hockey, Soccer,and Basketball. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'net' in WordNet: 5. net - (game equipment consisting of a strip of netting dividing the playing area in tennis or badminton) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEquipment, :Mesh, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Netting ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :GameOfChance :wnsense "gambling game1n", "game of chance1n" ; :wordnet "gambling game", "game of chance" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that in Wurdnet a ''GameOfChance'' is considered as a 'gambling game'. This type is the game secification, but any given execution of this game does not necessarily involve the risking of any significant amount of money, but could be for nominal stakes or just friendly competition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'game of chance' in WordNet: 1. game of chance, gambling game - (a game that involves gambling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfDice ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :GameOvertime :wnsense "extra time1n", "overtime2n" ; :wordnet "extra time", "overtime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overtime''is the ''TimeInterval'' that immediately follows this 'regulation playing time' for some timed GameEvent. This ''TimeInterval'' is created by a 'TieScore' at the end of a 'regulation time', for certain games that do not permit games to end in a TieScore during 'regulation playing time'. The amount of ''GameOvertime'' depends on the rules of the Game, and may be limited. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'overtime' in WordNet: 2. overtime, extra time - (playing time beyond regulation, to break a tie) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventIndexedTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :GameEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysFollows ; owl:someValuesFrom :RegulationTime ] . :GamePiece :ldoce "piece" ; :wnsense "man10n", "piece13n" ; :wordnet "man", "piece" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GameArtifact that is moved around in a game area. This includes balls used in ball games and marbles and jacks as well as small pieces moved around a GameBoard. Corresponds to noun sense 13 of 'piece' in WordNet: 13. man, piece - (game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games; 'he taught me to set up the men on the chess board'; 'he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :GameArtifact, :GameEquipment, :SmallObject . :GamePoints :wnsense "point10n" ; :wordnet "point" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GamePoints'' is one or more 'points' of any kind that is acquired by a ''ScoringPoints'' Action in a Game that keeps score. A 'point' of this type is a good thing, such that the player with most points wins the game. Note that this type has subtypes with different numbers of points. Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'point' in WordNet: 10. (2) point - (the unit of counting in scoring a game or contest; 'he scored 20 points in the first half'; 'a touchdown counts 6 points') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :Group, :UnitOfMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ScoringPoints ] . :GameRules :ldoce "rule" ; :wnsense "rule9n" ; :wordnet "rule" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GameRules' is a set of rule (a 'RulesForConduct') that specifies the allowed manner in which a game can be played. This is for all kinds of games that have rules, including sports and board games and childrens' informal games. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'rule' in WordNet: 9. rule - (directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; 'he knew the rules of chess') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RulesForConduct . :GameScore :wnsense "score3n" ; :wordnet "score" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GameScore' is the PersistentState resulting from execution of a game that produces a numerical 'score'; the state does not have to be the final score, it can be an intermediate score at any point of the game,or a score for one part of a game (such as a three-point goal in Basketball). The 'GameScore' represented here is a Group that represents (1) the phase of the game (3 minutes after the start, end of third quarter, half time, end of seven innings, final score, etc); and (2) a Group of individual scores, each individual score being a Group consisting of the Team or player name plus that player's score. 'HomeTeam, 23' 'Visitors, 22'. @ToDo this structure for a score has not yet (rev899) been created in COSMO. NOTE that in games with a single player (such as golf), the ''Group'' may be only one number, for that player. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'score' in WordNet, but in COSMO this is not a number, it is more complex, and rerpesented by a Group: in WordNet: 3. (4) score - (a number that expresses the accomplishment of a team or an individual in a game or contest; 'the score was 7 to 0') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Outcome, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :GameEvent ] . :GameToken :en "game token" ; :guid "c0ea306b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance is a small round object used in some board games.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameChip, :MarbleSizedObject, :Token-Physical . :GameType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """GameType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for games and an argument restriction for the isAnExecutionOf relation. NOTE that this can be used for both the Specification and the Event. That may lead to inconsistencies if not used carefuly. Should be split? This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :SpecificationType . :Gamete :guid "bdf9396b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gamete1n" ; :wordnet "gamete" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Gamete is a specialization of #$HaploidCell (q.v.). Each instance of #$Gamete is a special cell that is produced in preparation for sexual reproduction in the reproductive tissues of organisms that reproduce sexually. All gametes are haploid, and are produced by a special type of cell division called #$Meiosis. In animals, gametes are the direct results of meiosis; in plants, meiosis produces spores (see #$Spore-PlantLifeStage), which develop into #$Gametophytes, which then produce gametes by mitosis (see #$MitoticCellDivision). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gamete' in WordNet: 1. gamete - (a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HaploidCell, :ReproductiveCell . :GammaRay :guid "c05ce4b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gamma radiation1n", "gamma ray1n" ; :wordnet "gamma radiation", "gamma ray" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not necessarily a 'ray' or ''Lightbeam''. CYC: A specialization of #$ElectromagneticRadiation. Each instance of #$GammaRay is an instance of electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength (see the predicate #$wavelength) of less than 1x10^-2 angstroms (see the constant #$Angstrom). Low power instances of #$GammaRay overlap with high power instances of #$XRay (q.v.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gamma ray' in WordNet: 1. gamma radiation, gamma ray - (electromagnetic radiation emitted during radioactive decay and having an extremely short wavelength) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectromagneticRadiationEvent, :IonizingRadiation . :Gander :wnsense "gander1n" ; :wordnet "gander" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An adult male ''Goose''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gander' in Wordnet: 1. gander - (mature male goose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdultAnimal, :Goose, :MaleAnimal . :Gang :guid "bd687c18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bunch2n", "crew3n", "crowd2n", "gang2n" ; :wordnet "bunch", "crew", "crowd", "gang" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all gangs. Gangs are informal groups (no written legal organizing document) of (usually, except for ''TheMob'') fairly young) adults or teens who engage in particular activities together. #$Gangs are usually local (even confined to particular neighborhoods), but there are instances of #$Gang that are national in scope (e.g., the Guardian Angels). NOTE: a 'gang' is not necessarily criminal! For that use the subtype ''CriminalGang'' or ''TheMob''. This type can be used for gangs that do not belong to any of the the subtypes ''CriminalGang'' or ''StreetGang'' or''ProductionCrew''. For example, the meaning of people who tend to 'hang out' together (WN 'crowd, crew, gang, bunch') can use this type. Includes noun senses 1,and 2 of 'gang' in Wordnet, but a criminal gang is represented by the subtype ''CriminalGang'': in Wordnet: 1. (7) gang, pack, ring, mob - (an association of criminals; 'police tried to break up the gang'; 'a pack of thieves') 2. (2) crowd, crew, gang, bunch - (an informal body of friends; 'he still hangs out with the same crowd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandOfPeople . :GangFight :wnsense "gang fight1n", "rumble3n" ; :wordnet "gang fight", "rumble" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GangFight'' is a hand-to-hand fight among two 'gangs'of people, usually those at or near teenage. It may include use of knives or firearms or clubs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gang fight' in WordNet: 1. rumble, gang fight - (a fight between rival gangs of adolescents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fight-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StreetGang ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HittingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :GangesRiver :guid "bd588efe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "chief river of India" . :Gangster :guid "bf5e7765-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gangster1n", "mobster1n" ; :wordnet "gangster", "mobster" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all individual members of some ''CriminalGang''. For a member of the 'Mafia' use subtype 'Mafioso'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mobster' in WordNet: 1. gangster, mobster - (a criminal who is a member of a gang) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CriminalGang ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Ganoid :wnsense "ganoid fish1n", "ganoid1n" ; :wordnet "ganoid", "ganoid fish" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ganoid' in WordNet: 1. ganoid, ganoid fish - (primitive fishes having thick bony scales with a shiny covering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Teleost . :Gap-Topographical :guid "29c34d76-24de-41d7-865f-c438c5f76289" ; :wnsense "col2n", "cranny1n", "gap1n" ; :wordnet "col", "cranny", "gap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A low point or opening between hills or mountains or in a ridge, mountain range, cliff, or some other #$TopographicalFeature. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'gap' in WordNet: 4. col, gap - (a pass between mountain peaks) WN noun 'cranny': 2. cranny - (a small opening or crevice (especially in a rock face or wall)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crevice, :LandTopographicalFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnablingPassageThrough ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Gape :wnsense "gape1n" ; :wordnet "gape" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gape'' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression' expressing 'astonishment' or 'wonder'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gape' in Wordnet: 1. gape - (an expression of openmouthed astonishment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amazement ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Gaping :en "gaping" ; :wnsense "gape1v", "gawk1v", "gawp1v", "goggle1v" ; :wordnet "gape", "gawk", "gawp", "goggle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Gaping'' is a ''Staring'' Action in which the agent doing the staring has a facial expression, such as an open jaw or wide eyes, indicating surprise or astonishement. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'gape' in Wordnet: 1. (1) goggle, gape, gawp, gawk - (look with amazement; look stupidly) WN noun 'gape': 2. gape - (a stare of amazement (usually with the mouth open)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Staring . :Garage-Household :guid "bd58b16b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "garage" ; :wnsense "garage1n" ; :wordnet "garage" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Garages in Modern Houses. Not the same as an open parking lot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garage' in WordNet: 1. (12) garage - (an outbuilding (or part of a building) for housing automobiles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, :VehicleStorageConstruct . :GarageDoor :guid "bd58ef01-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The door that goes on garages for modern houses. They open vertically and are big enough to cover the space cars go through.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Door . :Garbage :hasComponentSubstance :Food ; :wnsense "garbage1n" ; :wordnet "garbage" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Trash that contains food waste as a component; this sense is a separate sense in WordNet and RHW. This sense should be used for something referred to in English as 'food scraps' or 'waste food' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garbage' in WordNet: 1. (2) garbage, refuse, food waste, scraps - (food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trash . :Garbage-Generic :guid "bd58cb0e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that consists of garbage - whether household or other types of refuse. Cyc: Flesh out this unit! The collection of all tangible garbage in the world. Requires some concept of things being no longer useful to the person who throws the object out. Almost anything becomes garbage, once it has been thrown out. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject . :GarbageCan :wnsense "garbage can1n", "trash bin1n" ; :wordnet "garbage can", "trash bin" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GarbageCan' is a 'TrashContainer' that is larger than a 'TrashBucket', has a lid, and is usually kept outdoors. This is most commonly the cylindrical metal or plastic cans from which garbage is collected by the municipal trash service, but can be as large as a dumpster. This type of container should be th last stop before collection to go to a garbage dump or recycling facility. A 'trash barrel' is included, but could be a subtype (cylindrical cans). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'garbage can' in WordNet: 1. (1) ashcan, trash can, garbage can, wastebin, ash bin, ash-bin, ashbin, dustbin, trash barrel, trash bin - (a bin that holds rubbish until it is collected) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TrashContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainerLid ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoors ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :GarbageCollector :en "garbage-man" ; :wnsense "garbage collector1n", "garbage man1n" ; :wordnet "garbage collector", "garbage man" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person (male or female) who is employed to pick up ''Trash'' that has been placed for collection, whether at a private household or a business. This is an individual employee. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garbage collector' in Wordnet: 1. garbage man, garbageman, garbage collector, garbage carter, garbage hauler, refuse collector, dustman - (someone employed to collect and dispose of refuse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :Employee, :ServicePosition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HaulingTrash ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :GarbageDump :wnsense "dump2n", "dumpsite1n", "garbage dump1n", "rubbish dump1n", "trash dump1n", "waste-yard1n", "wasteyard1n" ; :wordnet "dump", "dumpsite", "garbage dump", "rubbish dump", "trash dump", "waste-yard", "wasteyard" ; a :LocationType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GarbageDump'' is a ''LandSite'' where garbage (solid waste or refuse, mostly domestic) has been deposited jus to get rid of it. If it s mixed with soil to bur the garbage, it is the subtype ''SanitaryLandfill'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garbage dump' in WordNet: 1. dump, garbage dump, trash dump, rubbish dump, wasteyard, waste-yard, dumpsite - (a piece of land where waste materials are dumped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandSite, :RealEstate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DumpingGarbage ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :GarbageTruck :en "garbage-wagon" ; :wnsense "garbage truck1n" ; :wordnet "garbage truck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Truck'' that is used to haul away garbage for disposal - in a landfill, garbage dump, or incinerator. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garbage truck' in Wordnet: 1. garbage truck, dustcart - (a truck for collecting domestic refuse; 'in England a garbage truck is called a dustcart') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Truck, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HaulingTrash ; owl:onProperty :wasaTransporterInEvent ] . :Garden :guid "bd58efef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "garden" ; :wnsense "garden1n", "garden2n" ; :wordnet "garden" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small plot of cultivated land, usually within a yard, used to grow plants, especially vegetables and flowers, not as a primarily commercial enterprise, but not exlcuding that some of the plants grown may be sold. For a commercial farm, see 'Farm'. This is a PhysicalObject (the contents of a garden region), not the free space region. A Garden does not have to be adjacent to a house - that sense is represented by 'HomeGarden' in COSMO. The restriction requires specifying some plant that is growing in any instance of 'Garden'. The restriction requires that a Garden have some plants in it; the type of plant in the garden may be specified. (This needs some thought - can a garden not have plants in it?) This corresponds to senses 1 Wordnet 'garden': NOTE: 3 in WordNet does not require that plants be grown in the yard, but in COSMO sense 3 is a subtype of sense 1, and plants must be grown there, even if only grass (here considered as a 'CultivatedPlant'). A paved-over yard is not a 'Garden' in COSMO. WordNet 'Garden' in WordNet: 1. (7) garden - (a plot of ground where plants are cultivated) 2. (6) garden - (the flowers or vegetables or fruits or herbs that are cultivated in a garden) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArableLand, :Artifact-Generic, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CultivatedPlant :PlantType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gardening ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :GardenHose :wnsense "garden hose1n" ; :wordnet "garden hose" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GardenHose'' is a ''Hose'' about 1/4 to 1 inch in diameter, used mostly in a ''Garden'' to water plants and provide water near the outside of a buiding for other purposes as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garden hose' in WordNet: 1. garden hose - (a hose used for watering a lawn or garden) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hose, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SprayingWater ; owl:onProperty :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gardener ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :GardenPink :wnsense "garden pink1n", "pink2n" ; :wordnet "garden pink", "pink" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garden pink' in WordNet: 1. pink, garden pink - (any of various flowers of plants of the genus Dianthus cultivated for their fragrant flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :GardenPlant :wnsense "garden plant1n" ; :wordnet "garden plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GardenPlant'' is any ''Plant'' that people intentionally grow in a ''Garden'' which excludes ''Weed''s. - A 'cultivated plant'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garden plant' in WordNet: 1. garden plant - (any of a variety of plants usually grown especially in a flower or herb garden) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Weed . :Gardener :wnsense "gardener1n" ; :wordnet "gardener" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gardener' is a ''Carer'' who takes care of a ''Garden''. In WN this is a subtype of ''Expert'' but this type includes people who are novices as well, as long as they perform ''Gardening'' as some kind of responsibility or hobby.. The professional would be sense 2 of 'gardener' in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gardener' in WordNet: 1. (3) gardener, nurseryman - (someone who takes care of a garden) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carer, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gardening ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Gardening :ldoce "garden" ; :wnsense "garden1v", "gardening1n" ; :wordnet "garden", "gardening" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Gardening is raising plants for personal use or enjoyment, but not usually for sale (use ''RaisingCrops'' for that), including outdoor gardening and raising ornamental plants indoors or outdoors. Corresponds approximately to part (personal, not commercial) noun sense 1 of 'gardening' and verb sense 1 of 'garden' in WordNet, but may be somewhat broader, including raising indoor plants in pots, not just in outdoor gardens: in WordNet: WN noun 'gardening' 1. (1) gardening, horticulture - (the cultivation of plants) WN verb 'garden': 1. (3) garden - (work in the garden; 'My hobby is gardening') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cultivation, :GrowingPlants, :OutdoorActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Garden ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GardenPlant ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ] . :GardeningTool :wnsense "garden tool1n", "lawn tool1n" ; :wordnet "garden tool", "lawn tool" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HandTool'' that is designed for, used for, or adaptable to use for growing crops (commercially or for personal use) or gardening, especially for doing things to the soil such as ploughing, hoeing, sowing seed, or reaping crops. This does not include farm mechanical machinery. #isUsedInAction ?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garden tool' in WordNet: 1. garden tool, lawn tool - (used for working in gardens or yards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingPlants ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Gargling :wnsense "gargle2v", "rinse3v" ; :wordnet "gargle", "rinse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gargling'' is a ''Cleansing'' in which the body part that is cleaned is the ''\"Throat'' and the cleaning is performed by exhaling while having some quantity of liquid in the throat, usually of a type (e.g.mouthwash or medicine) produced for that purpose, and which produces a ''GarglingSound''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'gargle' in WordNet: 2. gargle, rinse - (rinse one's mouth and throat with mouthwash; 'gargle with this liquid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleansing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Throat ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exhaling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Garlic :guid "bed107ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ail1n", "garlic2n" ; :wordnet "ail", "garlic" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of all instances of garlic. By garlic we mean the part of the garlic plant that is used in cooking. Both heads of garlic and garlic cloves (including portions thereof) are instances of #$Garlic. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'garlic' in WordNet: 2. garlic, ail - (aromatic bulb used as seasoning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seasoning, :Spice . :Garment :guid "bf3591a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "garment" ; :wnsense "garment1n" ; :wordnet "garment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Garment is a specialization of #$ClothingItem. Each instance of #$Garment is an item of clothing that is _not_ an accessory (see the collection #$ClothingAccessory). Notable specializations of #$Garment include #$Clothing-Top and #$Clothing-Bottom. Garments are foldable, so shoes are not considered Garments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garment' in WordNet: 1. (4) garment - (an article of clothing; 'garments of the finest silk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, :FoldableObject . :GarmentMaker :wnsense "garmentmaker1n" ; :wordnet "garmentmaker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who produces or modifies objects of clothing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garmentmaker' in WordNet: 1. garmentmaker, garment-worker, garment worker - (a person who makes garments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Needleworker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaGarmentBySewing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :GarmentSize :en "garment size" ; :enn "garment size" ; :takesValue :GarmentSizeValue ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GarmentSize'' is one of a series of 'size' designations for garments of different type. The measure categories are enumerated as subtypes of ''GarmentSizeValue'' and vary for items like dresses, pants (waist or length), shirts (collar of sleeve length), shoes, gloves, ring sizes, and others, including overall dimensions (small, medium, large, extra large) for cloth garments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Size . :GarmentSizeValue :en "garment size value" ; :enn "garment size value" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GarmentSizeValue'' is the general category for a series of 'size' designations for garments of different type, represtened as subtypes. The measure categories vary for items like dresses, pants (waist or length), shirts (collar of sleeve length), shoes, gloves, ring sizes, and others, including overall dimensions (small, medium, large, extra large) for cloth garments. These categories have not yet been elaborated. The method would be to represent these 'sizes' as quantitative measures, with the units being 'ShoeSize-US' or 'CollarSize' or 'PantsLength', or 'RingSize', which may vary from country to country, and the associated value could be numerical or verbal. @ToDo. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :GarneringSomething :alwaysCauses :DeservingSomething ; :ldoce "earn" ; :wnsense "earn2v", "garner1v" ; :wordnet "earn", "garner" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GarneringSomething'' is an Action that an Agent takes which results in a 'DeservingSomething' state. This is very broad, and it could be 'earning' recognition, an award (Medal of Honor), money, applause, whatever. Usually (but not always, the earner receives the thing earned, so the restriction requires that the thing that should be received be specified, via a 'Receiving' Event (which may be a 'DesiredFutureSituation'). Corresponds to verb senses 1 of 'garner' in WordNet: 1. (1) earn, garner - (acquire or deserve by one's efforts or actions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeservingSomething ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Receiving ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :GarnetColor :guid "ae8c2534-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DarkRed-Color . :Garter :wnsense "garter1n" ; :wordnet "garter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Garter'' is a 'ClothingAcessoryBand' used to support a lady's stocking or other clothing item. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'garter' in Wordnet: 1. garter, supporter - (a band (usually elastic) worn around the leg to hold up a stocking (or around the arm to hold up a sleeve)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAcessoryBand, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :Gas :ldoce "gas" ; :wnsense "gas2n" ; :wordnet "gas" ; a :FluidType, :GaseousSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PhysicalSubstance in the Gaseous form, especially when gaseous at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. A quantity of gas does not have a defined volume, but will expand to become uniformly distributed throughout its container. NOTE that a substance that happens to be gaseous at some elevated temperature is **not** necessarily a subtype of 'Gas'; likewise, a quantity of cooled or compressed gas that has become liquid due to cooling or compression can still be composed of a subtype of 'Gas' - for example Liquified Natural Gas. To classify a quantity of matter that is in the gaseous form, use 'GaseousObject'. This is equivalent to saying that it has the property of being 'gaseous' - but that property is not yet (v 0.45) defined in COSMO. At low enough temperature, all substances condense to a liquid or solid. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gas' in WordNet: 2. (95) gas - (a fluid in the gaseous state having neither independent shape nor volume and being able to expand indefinitely) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidSubstance ; owl:disjointWith :LiquidSubstance . :GasBubble :wnsense "bubble1n" ; :wordnet "bubble" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GasBubble'' is a bubble of some gas inside a liquid or solid object. This is not for the physical liquid objects that are bubbles in the air - see 'BubbleInAir'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'bubble' in Wordnet: 1. (9) bubble - (a hollow globule of gas (e.g., air or carbon dioxide)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ellipsoid, :GaseousObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spheroidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObject :LiquidSubstanceType :LiquidObjectType ) ] ] . :GasCap :guid "bd58a6c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PortalCovering. Each instance of #$GasCap is a device designed to cover the portal leading to an automobile's gas tank.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AutoPart, :ContainerLid . :GasMask :wnsense "gas helmet1n", "gasmask1n", "respirator2n" ; :wordnet "gas helmet", "gasmask", "respirator" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GasMask'' is a ''Mask'' designed to protect the lungs and whole body from inhalation of toxic fumes, by fltering the Air inhaled through a substance that absorbs toxic substances. To be more specific, one might create a subtype of ''ProtectingaPerson'' such as 'ProtectingFromPoisonousGas'. And similarly with other types of protective masks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasmask' in WordNet: 1. gasmask, respirator, gas helmet - (a protective mask with a filter; protects the face and lungs against poisonous gases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :Mask, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProtectingPassively ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :GasMixture a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions, viz. it is made up predominantly of things which are a Gas and any component other than Gas in the Mixture is in the form of fine particles which are suspended in the Gas.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas, :Mixture ; owl:disjointWith :LiquidMixture . :GasPipeline :en "gas line", "gas-pipe" ; :guid "be13732a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gas line1n" ; :wordnet "gas line" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Pipelines whose primary function is the transportation of #$NaturalGas. See also #$OilPipeline. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gas line' in Wordnet: 2. gas line - (a pipeline used to transport natural gas; 'the workmen broke through the gas line') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :PathArtifact, :Pipeline, :TransportFacility . :GasPressure :takesValue :PressureMeasure ; :wnsense "gas pressure1n" ; :wordnet "gas pressure" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gas pressure' in WordNet: 1. gas pressure - (the pressure exerted by a gas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pressure . :GasType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GasType'' is a subtype of ''FluidType'' used to allow references to subtypes of ''Gas'' qua ''Gas''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidType . :GasWell :guid "c05e200e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gas well1n" ; :wordnet "gas well" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Well from which #$NaturalGas is extracted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gas well' in WordNet: 1. gas well - (a well that yields or has yielded natural gas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrilledWell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NaturalGas ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :GaseousObject :ldoce "consist" ; :wnsense "consist4v" ; :wordnet "consist" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Object that is in the form of a gas at the time it is referred to. Gases may have suspended solids (such as in a smoke), but will still diffuse freely throughout the container it is in, or continue to diffuse if uncontained. In Cyc referred to as a 'GaseousTangibleThing'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidObject, :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gas ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :GaseousSubstanceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'GaseousSubstanceType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Gas' and other entities..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidType, :SubstanceType . :GaseousTangibleThing :isaSynonymOf :Synonym ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The Cyc equivalent of 'GaseousObject'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :GaseousObject . :Gasoline :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; :ldoce "gas", "gasoline", "petrol" ; :wnsense "gas3n", "gasoline1n", "petrol1n" ; :wordnet "gas", "gasoline", "petrol" ; a :LiquidFuelSubstanceType, :PetroleumProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalSubstance consisting of low-boiling linear or branch-chained Hydrocarbons, (mostly heptanes, hexanes, and octanes) liquid at normal temperatures, and created mostly to be used as a Fuel in internal-combustion engines. Substances have been added to give the fuel special properties, such as antiknock agents, and it is common for 10% of ethanol to be added to gasoline sold at retail in the USA. The final mixture is still called 'gasoline'. If there is over 50% ethanol in the fuel, it may not fit the definition of this type, since the main constitutent must be low-boiling hydrocarbons. NOTE that Gasoline is described here as prepared from Petroleum. If technology changes (e.g. derived by hydrogenation of coal), this assertion may have to be changed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasoline' and sense 1 of 'petrol' and sense 3 of 'gas' in WordNet: WN 'gasoline' 1. (2) gasoline, gasolene, gas, petrol - (a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Hydrocarbons, :LiquidSubstance, :PetroleumProduct-Refined, :VehicleFuel . :GasolineEngine :guid "bd58ec48-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gasoline engine1n" ; :wordnet "gasoline engine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: GasolineEngine is the subclass of InternalCombustionEngines that use Gasoline as their resource. Such engines may also use mixtures containing other fuels such as ethanol. But to use pure ethanol they may need some adjustment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasoline engine' in WordNet: 1. gasoline engine - (an internal-combustion engine that burns gasoline; most automobiles are driven by gasoline engines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalCombustionEngine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gasoline ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :GasolinePump :wnsense "gas pump1n", "gasoline pump1n", "island dispenser1n" ; :wordnet "gas pump", "gasoline pump", "island dispenser" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasoline pump' in WordNet: 1. gas pump, gasoline pump, island dispenser - (a pump in a service station that draws gasoline from underground storage tanks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pump, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PumpingGasoline ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :GasolineStation :guid "6baed09c-c071-11d6-8000-0002b3a330dc", "bd58a012-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "filling station1n", "gas station1n", "gasoline station1n", "petrol station1n" ; :wordnet "filling station", "gas station", "gasoline station", "petrol station" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC A retail establishment that sells gasoline and sometimes sells diesel fuel, and where *sometimes* repairs on automobiles and other road vehicles are performed. NOTE for facilities that are specifically for repairing motor vehiclee, use ''VehicleRepairFacility''. Such facilities can be single-purpose, or be part of a ''GasolineStation''. NOTE: this type was merged with Cyc 'ServiceStation-Facility'. This type is also a subtype of 'ServiceFacility' in COSMO. Cyc: (ServiceStation-Facility): The collection of all facilities devoted exclusively to housing #$ServiceStations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasoline station' in WordNet: 1. gasoline station, gas station, filling station, petrol station - (a service station that sells gasoline) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceStation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gasoline ; owl:onProperty :sells ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VehicleFuel ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :GasolineTank :wnsense "gas tank1n", "gasoline tank1n" ; :wordnet "gas tank", "gasoline tank" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasoline tank' in WordNet: 1. gas tank, gasoline tank - (a tank for holding gasoline to supply a vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidStorageTank, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gasoline ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Gasp :enn "gasping" ; :wnsense "gasp1n" ; :wordnet "gasp" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'gasp' is a single short ''Inhaling'', which can be a symptom of some breathing difficulty or just a reaction to some startling Event Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gasp' in WordNet: 1. (4) gasp, pant - (a short labored intake of breath with the mouth open; 'she gave a gasp and fainted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inhaling . :Gasping :eng "gasping", "panting" ; :guid "748a8554-9f41-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d1c3", "bd58a20c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gasp1v", "heave6v", "pant1v", "puff3v" ; :wordnet "gasp", "heave", "pant", "puff" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'gasp' is series of ''Gasp''s, which can be a symptom of some breathing difficulty or just a result of much exertion, sufficient to make one 'out of breath'. This type includes both CYC 'Gasping' (one intake) and 'Panting' (a series). CYC: 'Gasping': Suddenly catching the breath. CYC: 'Panting': The collection of all events in which a mammal, such as a dog, cools itself by rapid breathing in and out with the tongue sticking out, allowing increased evaporation from the tongue and inner mouth surfaces. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'gasp' in WordNet: 1. (9) pant, puff, gasp, heave - (breathe noisily, as when one is exhausted; 'The runners reached the finish line, panting heavily') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Breathing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Noisy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutOfBreath ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Gastric :pertainsTo :Stomach ; :wnsense "gastric1adj", "stomachal1adj", "stomachic1adj" ; :wordnet "gastric", "stomachal", "stomachic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gastric'' is an attribute pertaining to the ''Stomach'' and things associated with the Stomach. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gastric' in Wordnet: 1. gastric, stomachic, stomachal - (relating to or involving the stomach; 'gastric ulcer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Gastroenteritis :guid "8265a9a1-d33f-11d7-91a9-0090270e5dae" ; :wnsense "gastroenteritis1n", "intestinal flu1n", "stomach flu1n" ; :wordnet "gastroenteritis", "intestinal flu", "stomach flu" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Irritation and inflammation of the digestive tract. #$BacterialGastroenteritis and #$ViralGastroenteritis are two major sub-types. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gastroenteritis' in WordNet: 1. gastroenteritis, stomach flu, intestinal flu - (inflammation of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GastrointestinalDisorder . :Gastroenterologist :guid "c10ae5b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gastroenterologist1n" ; :wordnet "gastroenterologist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of stomach and intestinal disorders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gastroenterologist' in WordNet: 1. gastroenterologist - (a physician who specializes in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, :Professional-Adult, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gastroenterology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intestine ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlimentaryCanal ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Gastroenterology :wnsense "gastroenterology1n" ; :wordnet "gastroenterology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gastroenterology'' is the branch ''Medicine'' dealing with the intestinal tract and its ailments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gastroenterology' in WordNet: 1. gastroenterology - (the branch of medicine that studies the gastrointestinal tract and its diseases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine . :GastrointestinalDisorder :guid "c09df9af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition . :Gastropod :guid "bf2b0c6d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gastropod1n" ; :wordnet "gastropod" ; a :BeastType, :SpawnerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of (individual) animals belonging to the class Gastropoda. The derivation of the term is from Greek roots meaning stomach foot . Members include snails, slugs, abalone, and conchs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gastropod' in Wordnet: 1. gastropod, univalve - (a class of mollusks typically having a one-piece coiled shell and flattened muscular foot with a head bearing stalked eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mollusk . :Gate :guid "c1007c92-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "gate" ; :wnsense "gate1n" ; :wordnet "gate" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'gate' refers only to the actual physical object that swings open and closed, in a portal (gateway) in a fenced area. For the portal, use 'Gateway'. However, in general use, 'gate' may also refer to the portal or any similar opening to an enclosure, as in RHW sense 2 of 'gate': RHW: 2. an opening permitting passage through an enclosure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gate' in WordNet: 1. (18) gate - (a movable barrier in a fence or wall) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortalCovering, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gateway ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :GateCrasher :wnsense "crasher1n", "gatecrasher1n", "unwelcome guest1n" ; :wordnet "crasher", "gatecrasher", "unwelcome guest" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''GateCrasher'' is a ''Person'' who has performed an Action of ''BargingIn'' (especially on a 'Party'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gatecrasher' in WordNet: 1. gatecrasher, crasher, unwelcome guest - (someone who gets in (to a party) without an invitation or without paying) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intruder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BargingIn ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Gateway :guid "c1007c68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "gate" ; :wnsense "gateway1n" ; :wordnet "gateway" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Opening in a fence, typically closed with a 'Gate'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gateway' in WordNet: 1. (1) gateway - (an entrance that can be closed by a gate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :ConstructionArtifact, :Portal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fence ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ] . :Gathering :wnsense "gather1v", "gathering3n" ; :wordnet "gather", "gathering" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Gathering' is an instance of 'Collecting' in which the things gathered together by an agent (which could be a substance or a natural process) are ''PhysicalObject''s (not information or data). For the 'gathering' action of information, use ''InformationGathering''. For the 'gathering' action of a group of animals coming together by their own motive power, use 'GatheringTogether'. This may or may not be the intersection of 'Collecting' and 'ComingTogether', depending on whether things that are not PhysicalObjects can 'come together' without the assistance of an agent. If not, this is the intersection. As of rev805 this question has not been resolved.. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'gathering' and verb sense 1 of 'gather' in Wordnet: 1. (23) gather, garner, collect, pull together - (assemble or get together; 'gather some stones'; 'pull your thoughts together') WN noun 'gathering': 3. (1) gather, gathering - (the act of gathering something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collecting, :ComingTogether, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CollectionType :Collection ) ] ] . :GatheringFoodInTheWild a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GatheringFoodInTheWild'' is a ''Gathering'' of food that may be performed by humans or non-human animals. This is *NOT* the 'gathering' that occurs in ''ReapingCrops''. Collecting berries or mushrooms in the woods is an example; can be fun for young children. Adults would typically have a more serious purpose. This type has to be successful at least in getting one food object, even if only one edible root; if not it is an attempting activity, not yet represented. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfFoodObjects ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wilderness ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] ; owl:disjointWith :ReapingCrops . :GatheringFromPeople a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GatheringFromPeople'' is a ''TakingSomethingAway'' by traveling around with a vehicle and takong unneeded things from people, in which the person doing the gathering does so to make a profit from the difference in price paid and price received. This method o making money is becoming less common as materials become more disposable and recycled materials less vauable. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shipping, :TakingSomethingAway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :GatheringPlace :wnsense "gathering place1n" ; :wordnet "gathering place" ; a :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GatheringPlace'' is any Place where people get together - once or often - for any length of time,for any purpose. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'gathering place' (more general, not just a favorite place) in WordNet: 1. gathering place - (a favorite haunt where people gather) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GatheringTogetherOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :GatheringRags a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GatheringFromPeople'' is a ''GatheringFromPeople'' inw which the objects gathered are rags (worn clothing). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GatheringFromPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rag ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :GatheringTogether :ldoce "collect", "gather" ; :wnsense "assemble2v", "gather2v" ; :wordnet "assemble", "gather" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GatheringTogether' is an 'ComingTogether' Event in which two or more Animals (including people) move from being more distant to being either together in some Container or in some definable Region. This can be referred to as 'gathering', 'assembling', 'collecting' and by various other terms for non-human animals such as 'flocking' or 'schooling' (for fish). The more speific gathering of peeople is represented by subtype ''GatheringTogetherOfPeople''. For the 'gathering' action of an agent bringing objects together, use 'Gathering'. This corresponds to sense 8 (intransitive) of verb 'collect' in RHW: 8. to gather together; assemble: The students collected in the assembly hall. However none of the Wordnet senses appear to include this sense NOTE: that the restrictions infer that a 'GroupOfAnimals' is 'created' by the action of that same GroupOfAnimals. This means that the group that performed the action, though it exists before the act, is actually only *identified* after the fact be noting which animals have gathered together in a place. This sense of 'created' may not conform to other interpretations - needs to be carefully watched. @ToDo. OntoNotes sense 1 of 'collect' ' to gather, bring, or come together in a mass' Relevant Example: A large crowd of reporters collected outside the Prime Minister's house. Includes verb sense 2 of 'gather' and sense 2 of 'assemble' in WordNet: 2. (7) meet, gather, assemble, forgather, foregather - (collect in one place; 'We assembled in the church basement'; 'Let's gather in the dining room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ComingTogether, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfAnimals ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfAnimals ] . :GatheringTogetherOfPeople :en "assembling", "gathering" ; :ldoce "collect", "gather" ; :wnsense "assemble2v", "gather2v", "meet8v" ; :wordnet "assemble", "gather", "meet" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GatheringTogetherOfPeople' is a 'GatheringTogether' Event in which two or more people *intentionally* move from being more distant to being together in some definable Region, usually where they can **and in order to** communicate with each other. This can be also referred to as 'assembling'. This can be for any purpose, formal or informal, educational, or even a mandatory roundup. For the type of gathering people do for relaxation and to socialize, use the subtype 'SocialGathering'. NOTE that this is a ''PurposefulAction'' and in that way contrasts with an''Encounter'' in which two or more people meet without previously planning to do so, Includes verb sense 2 of 'gather' and sense 2 of 'assemble' in WordNet: 2. (7) meet, gather, assemble, forgather, foregather - (collect in one place; 'We assembled in the church basement'; 'Let's gather in the dining room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GatheringTogether, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ] . :Gaudy :isTheOppositeOf :Low-Keyed, :Tasteful ; :wnsense "brassy2adj", "cheap2adj", "flash1adj", "flashy1adj", "garish1adj", "gaudy1adj", "gimcrack1adj", "loud1adj", "meretricious2adj", "tacky2adj", "tatty2adj", "tawdry1adj", "trashy2adj" ; :wordnet "brassy", "cheap", "flash", "flashy", "garish", "gaudy", "gimcrack", "loud", "meretricious", "tacky", "tatty", "tawdry", "trashy" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gaudy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) brassy, cheap, flash, flashy, garish, gaudy, gimcrack, loud, meretricious, tacky, tatty, tawdry, trashy - (tastelessly showy; 'a flash car'; 'a flashy ring'; 'garish colors'; 'a gaudy costume'; 'loud sport shirts'; 'a meretricious yet stylish book'; 'tawdry ornaments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TastelesslyVulgar . :Gauge :guid "bd58e0f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gauge1n" ; :wordnet "gauge" ; a :DeviceType, :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Gauge' is a 'MeasuringDevice' that is also a 'DisplayDevice'' or has a 'DisplayDevice' as a part, but is *not* a Clock. The notion of what can be a 'Gauge' is rather vague - CYC 0.75 has no explanatory gloss. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gauge' in WordNet: 1. (1) gauge, gage - (a measuring instrument for measuring and indicating a quantity such as the thickness of wire or the amount of rain etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasuringDevice, :SignalDisplayDevice ; owl:disjointWith :Clock . :GaussianOneSigma a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """GaussianOneSigma is a measure expressing the one-sigma interval for a Gaussian distribution of measurements. For measurements conforming to a Gaussian distribution, the true value should lie within one sigma of the measured value 68% of the time.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :StatisticalRange . :Gazebo :guid "c10af46e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gazebo1n", "summerhouse1n" ; :wordnet "gazebo", "summerhouse" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of usually vaguely circular (could be hexagonal, octagonal) structures found in yards and gardens, having a roof but usually open on the sides. These are mostly decorative, but can be used as a pleasant shady place to sit outside. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gazebo' in WordNet: 1. gazebo, summerhouse - (a small roofed building affording shade and rest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roof ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yard-BuildingGrounds ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanRelaxingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Gazelle :wnsense "gazelle1n" ; :wordnet "gazelle" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gazelle' in WordNet: 1. gazelle - (small swift graceful antelope of Africa and Asia having lustrous eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antelope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Graceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gazing :eng "gazing" ; :wnsense "gaze1n", "gaze1v" ; :wordnet "gaze" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Gazing'' is a ''Staring'' Action in which the agent doing the maintains the stare for a significant period of time, indicating interest. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'gaze' in Wordnet: 1. (25) gaze, stare - (look at with fixed eyes; 'The students stared at the teacher with amazement') WN noun 'gaze': 1. (8) gaze, regard -- (a long fixed look; 'he fixed his paternal gaze on me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Staring . :GearShifting :guid "bd58b884-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shift12v" ; :wordnet "shift" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: What happens when a driver shifts the gears. This is a subEvent of a DrivingEvent in the #$DriverPerspectiveMt: Since #$performedBy transfersThro #$subEvents we only want #$GearShifting to be #$performedBy the Driver. Thus a subEvent assertion should not be placed in a perspective neutral mt. Corresponds to verb sense 12 of 'shift' in WordNet: 12. shift - (change gears; 'you have to shift when you go down a steep hill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gearshift ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicleDriver ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :GearTooth :wnsense "tooth5n" ; :wordnet "tooth" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GearTooth'' is one of multiple ''Protrusion''s arranged at fixed intervals around the outer circumference of a ''ToothedWheel'', designed to fit into the spaces between similar ''GearTooth''s on other ''ToothedWheel''s, so that one of the interlocking ''ToothedWheel''s can transmit rotatioanal force to the other ''ToothedWheel'', in any of a variety of (at least partly) mechanical ''Device''s, such as a mechanical clock or a vehicle transmission. This can come in a large range of sizes. NOTE: this type is used in rev1669 also for the protrusions on a 'ratchet' wheel, not designed to transmit force. See 'RatchetTooth''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'tooth' in WordNet: 5. tooth - (one of a number of uniform projections on a gear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfanArtifact, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GearWheel ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GearWheel ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEdgeOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parallelogram ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :GearWheel :CYC "Gear" ; :en "gear wheel", "toothed wheel" ; :guid "bd590185-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :Mechanism ; :wnsense "cogwheel1n", "gear wheel1n", "gear1n", "geared wheel1n" ; :wordnet "cogwheel", "gear", "gear wheel", "geared wheel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GearWheel'' is a ''ToothedWheel'' used in a 'gear' mechanism or other Device to transmit rotational force to or from another ''GearWheel''. This type is *also* used for wheels such as those used in gear mechanisms, but are not part of an adjustable 'gear', rather used only to change the direction or rotational speed of another ''GearWheel''. In cyc called 'Gear': Cyc 'Gear': A wheel with teeth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gear wheel' in WordNet: 1. gear, gear wheel, geared wheel, cogwheel - (a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :ToothedWheel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GearTooth ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Gearshift :wnsense "gear lever1n", "gearshift1n", "gearstick1n", "shifter2n" ; :wordnet "gear lever", "gearshift", "gearstick", "shifter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Is the shift stick of an automatic transmission vehicle also called a 'gearshift'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gearshift' in WordNet: 1. gearshift, gearstick, shifter, gear lever - (a mechanical device for engaging and disengaging gears; 'in England they call a gearshift a gear lever') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GearShifting ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Gecko :guid "bd58f0ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gecko1n" ; :wordnet "gecko" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A group of lizard species that are best known for their sticky foot pads which allow them to cling to smooth surfaces. Most species are tropical, nocturnal insectivores. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gecko' in WordNet: 1. gecko - (any of various small chiefly tropical and usually nocturnal insectivorous terrestrial lizards typically with immovable eyelids; completely harmless) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lizard . :Gee :en "gee" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gee'' is a suddenly emitted word expressing various emotions, used for emphasis. RHW 'gee': (interjection) (used to express surprise, disappointment, enthusiasm, or simple emphasis): Gee, that's great! Gee, I can't remember the book's title. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation, :Interjection . :Geisha :guid "bf4a340b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "geisha1n" ; :wordnet "geisha" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Japanese variety of female #$Escort-EntertainmentProvider. #$Geishas may or may not provide #$SexualGratification. They are expected to be accomplished in the art of #$Conversation, #$Singing and #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geisha' in Wordnet: 1. geisha, geisha girl - (a Japanese woman trained to entertain men with conversation and singing and dancing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, :HumanRole, :PersonWithOccupation, :SkilledWorker, :Woman . :Gel :guid "906de031-5e55-11d7-8765-0002b3a85cb3" ; :wnsense "gel1n", "jelly3n" ; :wordnet "gel", "jelly" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PhysicalSubstance in a semisolid form that is mostly liquid, but has sufficient solid material in it to impart some rigidity and allow a quantity of the substance to retain its shape in a gravitational field, with only a little distortion when resting on a solid surface. A Gel cannot be poured at all, as a slurry can. This sense of 'gel' is indistinguishable from sense 3 of 'jelly', but the latter word is usually used only for gelatinous foods; this WN 'jelly' entry seems to be here just to include 'petroleum jelly' as a subtype. Cyc: #$Gel is the collection of gels. #$Gels are semi-solid, sticky, tangible stuff. #$Gels cannot be poured. #$Gels are thicker than creams and are the same thickness as pastes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gel' in WordNet, and is indistinguishable from sense 3 of 'jelly': in WordNet: 1. (2) gel, colloidal gel - (a colloid in a more solid form than a sol) WN noun 'jelly': 3. jelly - (a substance having the consistency of semisolid foods) """ ; rdfs:label "gel"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colloid, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Semirigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gelatinous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Gas, :LiquidSubstance . :Gelatin :guid "c10070fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gelatin1n", "gelatine1n" ; :wordnet "gelatin", "gelatine" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An animal protein with many uses in food, medicine, and other areas. With flavorings and a high water content, it's a tasty dessert; in a dry form, it can be used to coat or contain medicines. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gelatin' in WordNet: 1. (1) gelatin, gelatine - (a colorless water-soluble glutinous protein obtained from animal tissues such as bone and skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protein . :Gelatinous :wnsense "gelatinous1adj", "jellylike1adj" ; :wordnet "gelatinous", "jellylike" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having the semisolid consistency of gelatine, or jelly. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gelatinous' in WordNet: 1. gelatinous, gelatinlike, jellylike - (thick like gelatin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemiSolid . :GemStuff :guid "c1008a5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gemstone1n" ; :wordnet "gemstone" ; a :NaturalResourceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GemStuff'' is the type that includes all substances that are ''Mineral''s and are prized andvalued for their beauty and processed into ''Gemstone''s. This does not include pearls, sometimes thought of as gems. In CYC labeled 'Gemstone' but in COSMO a ''Gemstone'' is an object made of ''GemStuff'' and shaped for use in jewelry or other decorations. CYC 'Gemstone': The collection of all #$Minerals which are traditionally cut and polished by skilled gem-cutters. #$GemStones have traditionally been used for ornamentation. WN does not clearly discriminate between the substance and the object, but WN 'gemstone' seems to be the substance but 'gem' is used for an individual object,and 'jewel' is gem prepared for wear as an adornment. in WordNet: 1. gem, gemstone, stone - (a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry; 'he had the gem set in a ring for his wife'; 'she had jewels made of all the rarest stones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stone . :Gemstone :ldoce "gemstone" ; :wnsense "gem1n", "gemstone1n", "stone4n" ; :wordnet "gem", "gemstone", "stone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A *piece* of Mineral of a type that is valued for use in jewelry. Non-crystalline jewelry such as Amber is not included here. WN does not clearly distinguish the substance from a piece of it, so the mineral substance of which ''Gemstone''s are made is labeled as ''GemStuff'' in COSMO. NOTE that every ''Gemstone'' is a ''PersonalPossession'' that is owned by some agent. NOTE that the restriction does not require specifying the composition. That should be done for the subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gemstone' and sense 1 of 'gem' in WordNet: 1. gem, gemstone, stone - (a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry; 'he had the gem set in a ring for his wife'; 'she had jewels made of all the rarest stones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrittleObject, :CrystallineObject, :Jewel, :MineralObject, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GemStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Precious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GemstoneType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GemstoneType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''Gemstone'' to allow an argument restriction for the relations on ''Gemstone''s . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObjectType . :GemstuffType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GemstuffType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''Gemstuff'' to allow an argument restriction for the relations on ''Gemstuff''s . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MineralType . :Gendarme :guid "bec192e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gendarme1n" ; :wordnet "gendarme" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A Collection. In some countries on the #$ContinentOfEurope (especially #$France) or in Asia Minor, #$Gendarmes are #$Soldiers acting as #$LawEnforcementOfficers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gendarme' in WordNet: 1. gendarme - (a French policeman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LawEnforcementOfficer, :Soldier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gendarmerie ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Gendarmerie :guid "c13e4ba9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gendarmerie1n", "gendarmery1n" ; :wordnet "gendarmerie", "gendarmery" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Groups of #$Gendarmes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gendarmerie' in WordNet: 1. gendarmerie, gendarmery - (French police force; a group of gendarmes or gendarmes collectively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :PoliceForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gendarme ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Gender :ldoce "sex" ; :takesValue :Female, :Male ; :wnsense "gender2n", "sex4n", "sexuality1n" ; :wordnet "gender", "sex", "sexuality" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gender'' is the Quality (property) whose values (male, female, hermaphroditic) specify the Role played by the Organism with that Attribute in the act of sexual reproduction. This is not the same as the social or behavioral attributes asoiated with sexual roles. Attribute Values that indicate the sex of an Organism. See ''Sex'', instances ''MaleSex'', ''FemaleSex'' ''Gender'' (duplicating 'Sex'')Attr values ''Male'' and ''Female'' ''hasGender'' handles all of these. @mod55 Duplicates or 'Sex'?? There are two senses of 'sex' in WN that seem applicable to the binary distinction. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 4 of 'sex' and sense 2 of 'gender' in WordNet: 2. (7) sex - - (either of the two categories (male or female) into which most organisms are divided; 'the war between the sexes') WN 'gender': 2. sex, gender, sexuality - (the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles; 'she didn't want to know the sex of the foetus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :GenderType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """GenderType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for sexuality of Organisms. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Gene :en "unit of heredity" ; :wnsense "cistron1n", "gene1n" ; :wordnet "cistron", "gene" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Gene''is a ''DNAMolecule'' (a segment of a DNA chain) that is linked to .other ''Genes'' in one piece of DNA that is part of the genome of some organism that is not a RNA virus (RNA genes can be represened in a similar type, e.g. RNAgene. This is for the most commonly studied and relevant to animals). This suggests that the ends of a Gene are precisely defined, but that may vary from case to case - how many units at the end can be changed without changing the function?? Control factors that do not code for RNA may show up as 'Genes' in heredity. NOTE: There are RNA 'genes' in viruses, but that would be a different type; perhaps ''NucleicAcidMolecule'' should be the reference rather than ''DNAMolecule''.. NOTE:not all parts of an Organism's DNA is part of a ''Gene''. Some parts have no detectable effect on the characteristics of an Organism (they are 'silent'); nevertheless they are inherited. A long ''DNAMolecule'' can be fragmented into shorter ''DNAMolecule''s until the number of bases gets so small the pieces are referred to as 'oligonucleotides' rather than a ''DNAMolecule'' A'cistron' probably should be a subtype: see RHW definition: cistron = a segment of DNA that encodes for the formation of a specific polypeptide chain; a structural gene. There are heritable characteristics on DNA portions that do not themselves code for protein. This type is a placeholder for more detailed reperesentations of inheritance and the relation between genotype and phenotype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gene' in WordNet: 1. (1) gene, cistron, factor - ((genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; 'genes were formerly called factors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DNAMolecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hereditary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :General :ldoce "general" ; :wnsense "general1adj", "general2adj", "general4adj" ; :wordnet "general" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'General' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that has several senses that ar not differentiated in COSMO (as of v0.53), and need to be disambiguated. Contrasts with 'specific', 'specialized' or 'individual' for WN senses 1,2, and 4 respectively. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'general' in WordNet: 1. (90) general - (applying to all or most members of a category or group; 'the general public'; 'general assistance'; 'a general rule'; 'in general terms'; 'comprehensible to the general reader') 2. (3) general - (not specialized or limited to one class of things; 'general studies'; 'general knowledge') 4. (1) general - (prevailing among and common to the general public; 'the general discontent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :General-Purpose :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtifactObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :Special-Purpose ; :wnsense "all-purpose1adj", "general-purpose1adj" ; :wordnet "all-purpose", "general-purpose" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'general-purpose' in Wordnet: 1. (1) general-purpose, all-purpose - (not limited in use or function) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Useful . :GeneralAnaesthetic :wnsense "general anaesthetic1n", "general anesthetic1n" ; :wordnet "general anaesthetic", "general anesthetic" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeneralAnaesthetic'' is an ''Anesthetic'' used to produce ''GeneralAnesthesia'', exspecially during major surgery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'general anaesthetic' in WordNet: 1. general anesthetic, general anaesthetic - (an anesthetic that anesthetizes entire body and causes loss of consciousness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anesthetic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeneralAnesthesia ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :GeneralAnesthesia :wnsense "general anaesthesia1n", "general anesthesia1n" ; :wordnet "general anaesthesia", "general anesthesia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GeneralAnesthesia'' is an ''Anesthesia'' that causes an Animal to lose consciousness and not remember what happens to the body during that state. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'general anesthesia' in WordNet: 1. general anesthesia, general anaesthesia - (a state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drugs (as for a major surgical operation)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anesthesia, :StateOfUnconsciousness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeneralAnaesthetic ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Systemic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GeneralRelativity :hasTopic :Gravity, :Mass, :Motion ; :wasCreatedBy :Einstein ; :wnsense "Einstein's general theory of relativity1n", "general relativity theory1n", "general relativity1n", "general theory of relativity1n" ; :wordnet "Einstein's general theory of relativity", "general relativity", "general relativity theory", "general theory of relativity" ; a :RelativityTheory ; rdfs:comment """Einstein's General of Relativity, which deals with Space-Time and the equivalence of ''Gravity to a curvature of that space. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'general relativity' in WordNet: 1. general relativity, general theory of relativity, general relativity theory, Einstein's general theory of relativity - (a generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence)) """ . :Generalization :wnsense "generalisation1n", "generality1n", "generalization3n" ; :wordnet "generalisation", "generality", "generalization" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Generalization'' is a 'Concept' that relates some 'property' to a Group of things of any kind, assigning that property to all members of the Group. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'generalization' in WordNet: 3. (1) generalization, generalisation, generality - (an idea or conclusion having general application; 'he spoke in broad generalities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concept, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Group ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Generalized :isTheOppositeOf :Localized ; :pertainsTo :PhysicalSpaceRegion ; :wnsense "generalised2adj", "generalized2adj" ; :wordnet "generalised", "generalized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'generalized' in Wordnet: 2. generalized, generalised - (spread throughout a body or system; 'generalized edema') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :General . :GeneralizedTransfer :guid "bd588eb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "displace5v", "move2v", "transfer3v" ; :wordnet "displace", "move", "transfer" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is the broadest sense of 'move' or 'transfer', intransitive or transitive senses. Use 'hasStartingPlace' and 'hasEndingPlace' or some subproperty of thes relations to specify the 'places' (abstract or concrete) from which the thing being transferred begins and ends during the GeneralizedTransfer. In the case when an intangible thing is 'transferred', as when an academic degree is awarded, the agent from which the intangible comes may not have lost anything in the process; this abstract type should not be viewed as an object moving from one place to another and no longer being in the original place, though subtypes for transfer of PhysicalObjects do have that property. Likwise, making a copy of something such as by downloading over a computer link is a subtye. The relation 'hadThingTransferred' can be used to specify what is transferred, physical or abstract. In addition to starting and ending places, there may be an intermediary path that is explicit in assertions of GeneralizedTransfer - for movement events, 'by way of' is one linguistic marker for such an intermediary stage. In the case of some giving events, the intermadiary may be implied less directly,such as in the sentence 'Jack bought the book for Mary on Amazon.com' in which origina is Amazon.com, the intermediary is Jack, and the final destination is Mary. Likewise, 'Jack sent the book to Mary by parcel post' specifies the three participants in a transfer. 'Jack drove from Philly to New York on I-95' specifies a path, I-95, which is elongated and not a compact object. Cyc: A specialization of #$Event. Each instance of #$GeneralizedTransfer is an event in which something (tangible or intangible) is transferred from one 'place' to another. #$GeneralizedTransfer includes changes in physical location, in ownership or possession, transfer of information, and propagation of wave phenomena through space. See also the related predicate #$transferredThing, and the specializations of this collection. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'transfer' in WordNet: 3. (6) transfer - (move from one place to another; 'transfer the data'; 'transmit the news'; 'transfer the patient to another hospital') WN verb 'move': 2. (60) move, displace - (cause to move, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; 'Move those boxes into the corner, please'; 'I'm moving my money to another bank'; 'The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :GenericAgent :Object :ObjectType :LocationType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :GenericAgent :Object :ObjectType :LocationType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displacing ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Generalizing :wnsense "abstraction3n", "generalisation2n", "generalise2v", "generalization1n", "generalize1v" ; :wordnet "abstraction", "generalisation", "generalise", "generalization", "generalize" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: in WN, 'generalization' is a subtype of ''Theorizing'' but the sense of ''Generalizing'' does not require the formation of a formal mathematical theory, only the abstraction of common properties of multiple examples to form a general type to which all the examples belong. This is an essential step in building a taxonomy and much commonsense thinking. The formal ''Theorizing'' may or may not require this step. One form of ''Generalizing'' is to assert that each member of a ''Group'' has some specific property. Logically, if that property is a *necessary* property for each member of that group, this Action will specify a new 'Type''. However, because a ''Generalizing'' may do other kinds of relating of Groups and properties, the restriction ''mayProduce'' is used to describe this possibility. NOTE: the WN synset for 'generalize' includes 'extrapolate, infer' which are not intended as elements of this type, as they are types of reasoning that can *use* a 'generalization' rather than create one. Those terms are included in the element ''Inferring''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'generalization' in WordNet: 1. (3) abstraction, generalization, generalisation - (the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances) WN verb'generalize': 1. (8) generalize, generalise, extrapolate, infer - (draw from specific cases for more general cases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hypothesizing, :Postulating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Generalization ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Type ; owl:onProperty :mayProduce ] . :Generally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :General ; :wnsense "broadly speaking1adv", "broadly1adv", "generally3adv", "loosely3adv" ; :wordnet "broadly", "broadly speaking", "generally", "loosely" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Generally'' is an AdverbialModifier that an assertion or attribute to specify that the assertion or attribute applies approximately to most cases within the scope of the sentence. Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'generally' in Wordnet: 3. (2) broadly, loosely, broadly speaking, generally - (without regard to specific details or exceptions; 'he interprets the law broadly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Generating :en "generating" ; :enadj "generating" ; :pertainsTo :GeneratingElectricity ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Generating'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''GeneratingElectricity'' (e.g. sharacterizing electrial components that have than function), and might be extended to other forms of 'generation'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GeneratingElectricity :wnsense "generate3v", "generation6n" ; :wordnet "generate", "generation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GeneratingElectricity'' is any Action where ''Electricity'' (electrical power) is created, not merely removed from a reservoir such as a battery or capacitor. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'generate' and part of noun sense 6 of 'generation' (for electricity) in WordNet: 3. (3) generate - (produce (energy); 'We can't generate enough power for the entire city'; 'The hydroelectric plant needs to generate more electricity') WN noun 'generation': 6. generation - (the production of heat or electricity; 'dams were built for the generation of electricity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Creation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Generation :wnsense "generation2n" ; :wordnet "generation" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Generation'' is a GroupOfAnimals that have a common number of ancestors in the line to a common ancestor. @ToDO: how to express that?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'generation' in WordNet: 2. (7) generation - (group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Animal ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelatedAsKin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GenerationOfContemporaries :en "generation of contemporaries" ; :enn "generation of contemporaries" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GenerationOfContemporaries'' is a Group of ''Contemporaries'' whose ages fall into a range of at least ten years and are identified popularly as having some common characteristic. The 'The me generation' , 'generation X'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contemporaries . :Generational :pertainsTo :GenerationOfContemporaries ; :wnsense "generational1adj" ; :wordnet "generational" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'generational' in Wordnet: 1. generational - (of or relating to a generation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Generic :isAnAttributeValueOf :BiologicalGenus, owl:Class ; :wnsense "generic1adj", "generic3adj" ; :wordnet "generic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Generic'' is an AttributeValue of labels that can apply to any of the instances of some Class (type) of thing. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'generic' in Wordnet: 1. generic - (relating to or common to or descriptive of all members of a genus; 'the generic name') 3. generic - (applicable to an entire class or group; 'is there a generic Asian mind?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :GenericAgent :wnsense "agent1n" ; :wordnet "agent" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GenericAgent is an aggregate concept representing things that can be linguistically categorized as agents, that is they are the causative subject of an a''Action'' (subject in a subject-transitive verb-object phrase). A ''GenericAgent'' can be an Object normally considered as inanimate (such as a ''Volcano'' when not erupting) so this is a time and context sensitive category. Some Agents such as Organisms, will be ''Agent''s as long as they are ''Alive'' since they are then performing the Action of'Living''. \" The package sat on the porch for three days. \"- ''Package'' can be viewed as the ''GenericAgent'' that sat. One difficulty comes when including Organizations as Agents; Organizations are not actual physical Objects, therefore cannot literally do things to directly change the physical world by exerting force. This constrains the number of inferencs that can be attributed to an agent. Rather, people who belong to Organizations, or their 'agents' do the actual moving and lifting that are the causes of actions in the real world. Nevertheless we talk of organizations as though they were somehow objects that did the actions themselves. A second problem arises when inanimate objects take the linguistic form of agents: 'The rock broke the window' or 'The knife cut a deep gash in his arm'. By themselves, those sentences would have the rock or the knife as agents, and the window or arm as patients. If more detail were given: 'Tom broke the window with a rock'; 'Tom cut a deep gash in Mike's arm with a knife', the agent now shows up as Tom, and the rock and knife are instruments. For that reason, an instrument (a Role) is categorized in COSMO as a subtype of GenericAgent, to accommodate the linguistic structures where instruments take on the synactic/semantic role of an agent. This category is here to provide a place for the linguistic notion of 'Agent' (subject of an 'action' that can include 'social agents' such as organizations. In this classification we adopt a broad view of agents, allowing inanimate transitory things like hurricanes and tornadoes to be classified as AgentiveObjects. @@ToDo: NOTE that 'GenericAgent' is disjoint with Events, so hurricanes or earthquakes must be represented as Objects in order to fit into this category. (not yet thus refined - rev 1121). Until then, the 'cause' relations can beused, but without requiring an Agent in the subject position. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'agent' in WordNet: 1. (21) agent - (an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; 'their research uncovered new disease agents') """ ; owl:disjointWith :AttributeValue, :PhysicalSpaceRegion . :GenericAstronomicalObservatory :CYC "AstronomicalObservatory" ; :en "generic astronomical observatory" ; :enn "generic astronomical observatory" ; :guid "c1008d76-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'AstronomicalObservatory': The collection of all installations constructed for gathering data on celestial and astronomical phenomena. Astronomical instruments are housed in observatories (and may even be a part of the structures). NOTE: this includes satellite observatories. The ''Building'' that is designed as an 'AstronomicalObservatory' is represented as subtype ''AstronomicalObservatoryBuilding''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObservingAstronomicalObjects ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AstronomicalTelescope ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :GenericBookBinding a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ binding books, whether by machine or by hand. See subtype 'Bookbinding' for the hand-produced bindings. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentBindingEvent . :GenericConcernAboutCrime :hasSubjectOfState :GenericCrimeVictim ; :isDirectedToward :Crime ; :wasExperiencedBy :GenericCrimeVictim ; a :DirectedFeeling . :GenericContainer :wnsense "container1n" ; :wordnet "container" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GenericContainer' can be Physical or Abstract, natural or artifactual. For example, it can be a body cavity (natural, physical) or a folder in computer file system that holds files or other folders (artifactual, abstract or physical). This very general type is used as one of the domains for the 'contains' relation. @ToDo: subrelations of 'contains' may be specialized to distinguish different types of containment (physical objects versus abstract objects) There is no entry in WordNet or Longman DV corresponding to this abstract type - in WordNet 'container' refers only to the artifactual objects created to contain things. This COSMO type is a supertype of and includes the WordNet sense Wordnet 'container' (1 sense only): In WordNet: 1. (15) container - (any object that can be used to hold things (especially a large metal boxlike object of standardized dimensions that can be loaded from one form of transport to another)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object . :GenericCosmoBank :existsInContext :COSMO ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :GenericCosmoBank ; :wasaVendorTo :PatrickCassidy ; a :BankOrganization, :FictionalThing, :IntentionalAgent . :GenericCrimeVictim :hasMassInGrams "70000"^^xsd:float ; a :LivingPerson . :GenericDisguise a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GenericDisguise'' is anything (such as a mask) that changes the outward appearance of a PhysicalObject to make it look like something else. This includes disguising inanimate objects to 'camouflage' them, and 'disguising' tastes ('The herb disguises the garlic taste') as well as things worn on the body to conceal one's identity and also theatrical costumes and makeup used to make an actor look like the character being portrayed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :SomethingToWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disguising ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :GenericForm :en "form" ; :enn "form" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GenericForm'' is a generic ''AbstractDocument' consisting of one or more ''Page''s (things that when represented appear to be a ''PhysicalPage'', such as a ''ComputerScreenPage'', or in a ''DigitalInformationBearingObject'') that has one or more ''BlankField''s. The printed form is subtype ''Form-StandardizedIBO''. This can be used to refer to 'forms' in a computer document. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAccessibleIBT, :InformationStore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :FormField ] . :GenericGovernment a :Authority . :GenericHero :wnsense "hero1n" ; :wordnet "hero" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person renowned (in some circles) for an exceptional deed. This is for males and females. The specifically female version is represented as a ''Heroine''. Should this be Male only? NOTE that WN specifies male - but this type is intended to be inclusive. This broader interpretation is close to the RHW sense 2: 2. a person who, in the opinion of others, has heroic qualities or has performed a heroic act and is regarded as a model or ideal: He was a local hero when he saved the drowning child. Includes but is broader than (includes ''Heroine'' as a subtype) noun sense 1 of 'hero' in Wordnet: 1. (19) hero - (a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength; 'RAF pilots were the heroes of the Battle of Britain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Celebrity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeroicDeed ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extraordinary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GenericImage :en "image" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GenericImage'' is a union of abstract and physical images and their parts, for convenience in discussing images in general. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractImage :PhysicalImage :PartOfAnImage ) ] . :GenericInk :ldoce "ink" ; :wnsense "ink1n" ; :wordnet "ink" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'GenericInk' is a category that includes all kinds of materials used in writing or printing, both liquids (classical 'Ink', a subtype) and toners used in xerographic printing. 'Ink' is not colorless The WordNet sense 1 of 'ink' is only for liquids; that is included here, but this category is broader: in WordNet: 1. (2) ink - (a liquid used for printing or writing or drawing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :OpaqueSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DarklyColored ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pigment ] . :GenericIntersection :wnsense "intersection3n" ; :wordnet "intersection" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GenericIntersection''' can be any Object, abstract or physical, whether a point, line, or surface, where two or more Objects meet (touch, are adjacent, or have a common point, line, or surface). The ''GenericIntersection'' can be a PhysicaObject, such as the crossing areas between two streets (see subtype ''Crossway'') as long as it is a self-conected ''WholeObject''. This is most salient for the meeting point(s) of lines, but the 'corner' line where a wall meets a ceiling is also an instance.. Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'intersection' (this tye includes PhysicalObjects as well as geometric) in WordNet: 3. intersection - (a point or set of points common to two or more geometric configurations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :Junction, :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GroupType :ObjectType :Object ) ] ] . :GenericLabel :wnsense "label1n", "label4n" ; :wordnet "label" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GenericLabel is either an abstract or a physical artifact that is created with the intention of designating some entity or type of entity. Because it is a thing that points to something other than itself, it is a 'Sign'. This Type corresponds with the English word 'label' which is ambiguous as to abstract or physical labels. A designator (abstract) is an instance of this GenericLabel type, and a physical label that is attached to an individual object (such as the computer I am typing this on) is also an instance of this Type. A GenericLabel may be iconic or symbolic in a non-linguistic way, and therefore does not have to be a word or phrase. This includes senses 1 and 4 of 'label' in WordNet. These senses are distinguished by the subtypes 'Designator' and 'PhysicalLabel' respectively. in WordNet: 1. (3) label - (a brief description given for purposes of identification; 'the label Modern is applied to many different kinds of architecture') 4. (1) label - (an identifying or descriptive marker that is attached to an object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sign . :GenericLocation :FIBO "location" ; :guid "be14f511-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "location", "place", "position" ; :wnsense "location1n", "place3n", "position1n" ; :wordnet "location", "place", "position" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """GenericLocation is the Type representing the most general notion of location, which can be abstract or concrete, a region of space (including an abstract space, such as the Internet considered as a set of nodes and links, where the nodes can represent computers whose physical location may vary), a point in space, or a physical object (e.g. building, ship, room). NOTE that an Address is not a location, but a label for a location. See 'Address'. NOTE: although *almost* all GenericLocations are exclusively spatial in some way, there is one 'TimeAndPlace' that is spatiotemporal, being a region of space-time that specifies some region of space over some interval of time. Use of an instance of 'TimeAndPlace' as an argument of a location relation allows one to include the important time interval qualifier in location relations, even though one is using only binary relations. this would not be necessary in a representation with higher-arity relations. This is somewhat similar to the Cyc 'Location-Underspecified' Cyc comment: The collection of locations, tangible or otherwise, which are typically conceptualized by human beings for purposes of common-sense reasoning as 'locations'. This collection thus includes tangible Places such as #$Ireland-TheIsland, as well as metaphoric locations. For instance, many states-of-being are conceptualized as abstract locations, such as Trouble ('he saw trouble ahead'), Depression ('she fell into a ...'), #$Happiness ('they found bliss together'). Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'location': SKOS def; 'Anything that can be defined as the answer to a question of the form, Where is...?' SKOS scope note: 'This includes physical places such as towns, cities, physical addresses, buildings etc. and also abstract places such as on-line trading venues or financial marketplaces.' the WordNet 'location' refers primarily to spatial locations, which are referenced in several subtypes of 'GenericLocation' : Corresponds to a supertype of noun sense 1 of 'location' and is somewhat broader than noun sense 1 of 'position' in WordNet: 1. (992) location - (a point or extent in space) WN 'position' 1. (39) position, place - (the particular portion of space occupied by something; 'he put the lamp back in its place') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationalContextComponent, owl:Thing . :GenericNetwork :guid "bf56285d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and a sub-collection of #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem. Each instance of #$Network-Generic is a system of linked nodes. The nodes may be concrete things like people, organizations, or computers, or abstract objects like geometric points. The links between nodes in an instance of #$Network-Generic are either directed or bi-directional, and there can be multiple links between nodes. Examples include computer networks and transactional networks. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathSystem, :Semi-DirectedPathSystem . :GenericParticipant :wnsense "participant1n" ; :wordnet "participant" ; a :GrammaticalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GenericParticipant' is anything (animate or inanimate, physical or abstract) that participates in some way in some ''Event'', in effect a broad interpretation of a ''GrammaticalRole''.. This is a subtype of ''RoleInAnEvent'' but is narrower than a ''CaseRole'' in that this type can *not* include 'where' and 'when' referents. This represents any of several grammatical roles in an Event: It could be an actor or patient of an action, or an instrument used in an action or something affected by the action. This does not include the time (when?) or location(where?) of an Event, or the cause or reason(why?) for performing it, or the manner (how?) it was done (except for mentioning the instrument), or the circumstances that may enable an Event. This is *specifically* a reification of the object of the relation 'hasParticipant'' which can point to almost anything other than time or space. An instance is defined by specifying the Event in which it 'participated' using the relation: ''isaParticipantIn'' (some event) It is in effect a reification of several grammatical roles but not all ''CaseRole''s.. This concept Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'participant' in WordNet, including things other than people. 1. (1) participant - (someone who takes part in an activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalRole, :RoleInAnEvent, :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :GenericPerpetrator :hasMassInGrams "70000"^^xsd:float ; :wasTheAgentInAction :GenericUnsolvedCrime ; a :BadGuy, :LivingPerson . :GenericPhotograph :ldoce "photograph" ; :wnsense "photograph1n" ; :wordnet "photograph" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GenericPhotograph'' Can be a ''PhysicalObject'' that is a FreeSheet (the common kind on paper) or the surface part of ay kind of Object that has an Image created by a Camera,or a DigitalPhotograph (stored in some Electronic storage device) or the abstract representation of some such photograph, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :View ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingaPhotograph ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Camera ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByDeviceType ] . :GenericPhysicalObject :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :PhysicalObject . :GenericRule a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GenericRule' is 'Suggestion' for some Action that is stronger than something that one can perform or ignore without consequence, but is not an enfrceable Rule ('Rule\") created by an authority that can punish non-conformance. This includes provisional rules that have not gone into effect (for any reason), and will not be enforced by the creating authority. The most common subtype is 'Rule'. Unenforceable rules are not yet represented but can be when needed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suggestion . :GenericSubstance a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """List name: GenericSubstance_COSMO-added__not_an_object__includes_chemicals_ COSMO: GenericSubstance is an abstract notion of Substance as the stuff of which objects are composed. It is not an object, even though the 'Substance's in OpenCyc and SUMO are actually classes of objects of some particular (homogeneous) composition. In COSMO, we make this provision, among other reasons, to allow abstract 'substances' to compose abstract objects. In COSMO 'Substance' is a concept that is analogous to the derivative of an object with respect to volume, i.e. it acts like an abstract density (of some substance type). For COSMO version 0.01 (COSMOtopOWL03: 2006-01-01) the required axioms for a proper definition have not been added. For more discussion see: http://colab.cim3.net/file/work/SICoP/ontac/reference/DimensionsOfProcessAndEvent.doc *********************** COSMO note: *********************** COSMO note: the logic of substances as represented in COSMO presents certain peculiar difficulties. There are subtypes of substances, but no instances are actually used - the substances are treated as claes. Thus when one wants to specify a property of a substance that should be inherited by its subtypes, one can say: [rdfs:subClassOf owl:Restriction owl:onProperty rdf:resource='#hasComponentSubstance' owl:hasValue rdf:resource='#Protein' /owl:Restriction /rdfs:subClassOf] ***BUT*** logically, this would only be inherited by the (nonexistent) instance of that substance, and would not show up in the actual 'substance' owl:Classes that are used in reasoning in the ontology (an FOL version could interpret this in a meaningful way, but not OWL). Instead one should write: [hasComponentSubstance rdf:resource='#Protein'] for the substance, ***and*** also for each subtype of that substance. One could in FOL easily add the relation on each subtype automatically, but the OWL logic does not have that capability. Perhaps a macro could be used to enforce this desideratum, but as of rev1191 that has not been done. For the moment, such relations that should be inherited are usually written as though they are restrictions, but sometimes the direct relation is used instead or in addition). This looks and is somewhat disorganized at present, but can be easily fixed when needed for an FOL version. To a lesser extent, this problem arises with attribute values, but inheritence of properties is less important there. """ ; rdfs:label "GenericSubstance" ; owl:disjointWith :AttributeType, :AttributeValue, :Object, :PhysicalSpaceRegion, :SituationProcessEventOrState . :GenericTerritoryInhabitants :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting of Anyone in a particular GeopoliticalEntity at a particular time.""" . :GenericUnsolvedCrime :caused :Crime ; :hadAffectedAgent :GenericCrimeVictim ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :Crime ; :hasSubjectOfState :GenericCrimeVictim ; :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation :GenericConcernAboutCrime ; :isTheMainTopicOf :UnsolvedCrimeDescription ; :isUndesirableTo :GenericCrimeVictim ; :violatesRule :SomeLaw ; :wasPerformedByAgent :GenericPerpetrator ; a :Crime, :ProblemSituation . :GenericVane :guid "c0f48236-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade8n", "vane1n" ; :wordnet "blade", "vane" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A general term for the thin flat objects or parts of Devices designed to be pushed by the flow of a fluid (vanes in a turbine or windmill or watermill or hydroelectric generator) or push against a fluid (blades in a fan or on an oar or in a paddlewheel), so as to propel a fluid or be propelled by a fluid. Subtypes can be more specific as to property and function. CYC: The flat, blade-like components of a windmill that catch the wind and turn the turbine. Includes but is broader than noun sense 9 of 'blade' in WordNet, in that in some devices it may push rather than be pushed: in WordNet: 8. blade, vane - (flat surface that rotates and pushes against air or water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :FlatObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Device ] . :GenericVictim :en "victim" ; :wnsense "fair game1n", "prey1n", "quarry1n", "target1n" ; :wordnet "fair game", "prey", "quarry", "target" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Animal, Group of animals, or Organization that was the 'target' (literal or figurative) of some Action that causes or is intended to cause harm, surprise, embarassment or humiliation to some Agent. For 'victims' that were actually harmed, use the subtype ''Victim''. This ''GenericVictim'' can be used,in addition to literal ''Victim''s that were harmed by some Event, people who were the target of a ''Prank'' or ''PracticalJoke'' or 'roast' or the 'butt' of a joke. NOTE: the type ''Target'' has some conceptual overlap, but includes inanimate things. COSMO NOTE: Something referred to as a ''Victim'' is usually a Person, so this term ''GenericVictim'' can be used in COSMO for any ''Animal'' that is the *object* of ''HarmingAnAgent'' so as to make representing that action more concise. There is no term in WordNet specific for this concept. WN NOTE this is a generic 'vctim' which included non-human animals and does not require actual harm. This is the closes WN sysnset: Includes but is broader than sense 2 of 'target' in WordNet: 2. (4) prey, quarry, target, fair game - (a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence; 'he fell prey to muggers'; 'everyone was fair game'; 'the target of a manhunt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAffectedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :GenericWebPage :ldoce "page" ; :wnsense "web page1n", "webpage1n" ; :wordnet "web page", "webpage" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GenericWebPage' is a group of one or more 'ComputerFile-Abstract'(s) that is accessible from the Internet, and composed of or directly linked to one addressable Computer file. Each component 'ComputerFile-Abstract'is also considered as an 'AbstractDocument'. For browser-viewable *single* computer files (rendered in html), use 'WebPage-AIS'. NOTE that even computer files that are referred to on a 'GenericWebPage' but physically located elsewhere are considered as part (a component element)of that 'GenericWebPage'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'webpage' in WordNet: 1. web page, webpage - (a document connected to the World Wide Web and viewable by anyone connected to the internet who has a web browser) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractInformationStore, :ComputerFileGroup, :Page, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :WebSite ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :WebPage-AIS ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GenericWorker :wnsense "worker1n" ; :wordnet "worker" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GenericWorker'' is any LegalAgent (Person or Organization) that can perform some work for pay. This is used to generalize the role of ''Contractor'' beyond individal humans. Includes noun sense 1 of 'worker' in WordNet, but as a subtype: in WordNet: 1. (289) worker - (a person who works at a specific occupation; 'he is a good worker') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Generous :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :ActOfGenerosity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Selfish ; :ldoce "generous" ; :wnsense "generosity1n", "generous1adj", "giving1adj", "unselfish1adj" ; :wordnet "generosity", "generous", "giving", "unselfish" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Generous' is an AttributeValue of someone who has the trait of generosity (a special type of kindness). NOTE that in COSMO the difference between 'having a trait' and having an attribute that specifies having that trait is not distinguished. To *be* generous and to *have* generosity are treated in COSMO as different linguistic methods to specify the same meaning. Therefore 'generous' as an adjective is considered as the referent for the nominalized form 'generosity' as well as the adjectival form. This includes 'unselfish' and 'giving'; any nuances between those terms will need to be considered when necessary. Very similar to ''Charity'',which see. See also 'ActOfGenerosity'. However, the notion 'generosity' is also used to characterize actions, and this is a distinct sense. (sense 2 in Wordnet). As the WordNet example for 'generous' shows, the use of 'generous' for an Event (i.e. 'donation') is also considered as implying the trait for the person doing the generous act. in WordNet: WN 'generosity': 1. (1) generosity, generousness - (the trait of being willing to give your money or time) 2. generosity, unselfishness - (acting generously) WN 'generous': 1. (2) generous - (willing to give and share unstintingly; 'a generous donation') WN adj 'unselfish': 1. (1) unselfish - (disregarding your own advantages and welfare over those of others) WN adj 'giving': 1. big, bighearted, bounteous, bountiful, freehanded, handsome, giving, liberal, openhanded - (given or giving freely; 'was a big tipper'; 'the bounteous goodness of God'; 'bountiful compliments'; 'a freehanded host'; 'a handsome allowance'; 'Saturday's child is loving and giving'; 'a liberal backer of the arts'; 'a munificent gift'; 'her fond and openhanded grandfather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kind . :Generously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Generous ; :wnsense "generously1adv", "liberally2adv", "munificently1adv" ; :wordnet "generously", "liberally", "munificently" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'generously' in Wordnet: 1. (1) liberally, munificently, generously - (in a generous manner; 'he gave liberally to several charities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Genetic :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Gene :InheritingGenes :Genetics ) ] ; :wnsense "genetic2adj", "genetic4adj" ; :wordnet "genetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Genetic'' is an AttributeValue of things that pertain to ''genetcs' or ''Gene''s or are related to inheritance. Includes adjective senses 2, and 4 of 'genetic' in WordNet: 2. genic, genetic, genetical - (of or relating to or produced by or being a gene; 'genic combinations'; 'genetic code') 4. genetic, genetical - (of or relating to the science of genetics; 'genetic research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GeneticCondition :en "genetic condition" ; :enn "genetic condition" ; :guid "c0fd5d45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition. Each instance of #$GeneticCondition is an abnormal physiological condition which developed in a particular organism due to that organism's genetic configuration. Such conditions are not contagious as infections are, but they may be hereditary. Specializations of #$GeneticCondition include #$DownsSyndrome, #$Hemophilia, and #$SickleCellAnemia.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChronicCondition, :CongenitalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hereditary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GeneticDisease :wnsense "genetic disease1n" ; :wordnet "genetic disease" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeneticDisease'' is a subtype of 'Disease' that is caused at least in part by a genetic mutation abnormal functioning. Subtype: Also called diabetes mellitis a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, usually occurring in genetically predisposed individuals, characterized by inadequate production or utilization of insulin and resulting in excessive amounts of glucose in the blood and urine, excessive thirst, weight loss, and in some cases progressive destruction of small blood vessels leading to such complications as infections and gangrene of the limbs or blindness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geneic disease' in WordNet: 1. genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic abnormality, genetic defect, congenital disease, inherited disease, inherited disorder, hereditary disease, hereditary condition - (a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, :MetabolicDisorder . :GeneticDisorder :en "genetic disorder" ; :enn "genetic disorder" ; :guid "bf582be4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "congenital disease1n", "genetic abnormality1n", "genetic defect1n", "genetic disease1n", "hereditary condition1n", "hereditary disease1n", "inherited disease1n", "inherited disorder1n" ; :wordnet "congenital disease", "genetic abnormality", "genetic defect", "genetic disease", "hereditary condition", "hereditary disease", "inherited disease", "inherited disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A inherited disease - caused by faulty gene(s). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genetic disorder' in WordNet: 1. genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic abnormality, genetic defect, congenital disease, inherited disease, inherited disorder, hereditary disease, hereditary condition - (a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :GeneticCondition . :Genetically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Genetic, :Hereditary ; :wnsense "genetically1adv" ; :wordnet "genetically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Genetically'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes attributes of Organisms that were inherited, as well as the process of inheritance by means of transmission of genes from ancestor to descendent. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'genetically' in Wordnet: 1. genetically - (by genetic mechanisms; \"genetically passed down talents\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Geneticist :guid "bd58ff45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "geneticist1n" ; :wordnet "geneticist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geneticist' in WordNet: 1. (1) geneticist - (a biologist who specializes in genetics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Genetics ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Genetics :hasSubjectOfStudy :Gene, :InheritingGenes ; :wnsense "genetic science1n", "genetics1n" ; :wordnet "genetic science", "genetics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the science that studies 'Gene''s and ''InheritingGenes''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genetics' in WordNet: 1. (1) genetics, genetic science - (the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology . :Genius :wnsense "genius1n" ; :wordnet "genius" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SmartPerson'' with exceptional level of intelligence. Considered in COSMO as innate, and therefore being a ''Gifted'' person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genius' in WordNet: 1. (2) genius, mastermind, brain, brainiac, Einstein - (someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality; 'Mozart was a child genius'; 'he's smart but he's no Einstein') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmartPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeniusAbility ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brilliant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gifted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GeniusAbility :wnsense "genius2n" ; :wordnet "genius" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GeniusAbility'' is a higher degree of ''HighIntelligence'', possessed by only rare exceptional people, A Person may exhibit ''GeniusAbility'' in various ways, not merely academic ability. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'genius' in WordNet: 2. (2) brilliance, genius - (unusual mental ability) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighIntelligence . :Genocide :wnsense "genocide1n", "race murder1n", "racial extermination1n" ; :wordnet "genocide", "race murder", "racial extermination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: ''Genocide'' is an *attempted* extermination of a whole race, but typically kills only a part of the target racial group. Also, in a 'Genocide'' there may be people killed incidentally that do not belong to the target group. Corresponds to part (the attempt) of noun sense 1 of 'genocide' in WordNet: 1. genocide, race murder, racial extermination - (systematic killing of a racial or cultural group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Massacre, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "100" ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaceExtermination ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :Genome :wnsense "genome1n" ; :wordnet "genome" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Genome'' is the full set of ''Gene''s in some ''LifeForm'', including ''Virus''es and therefore may be composed of DNA or RNA. RHW 'genome': a full set of chromosomes; all the inheritable traits of an organism. NOTE: WN 'genome' is a subtype of 'ordering but this represention of a ''Genome'' is the PhysicalObject consisting of the whole 'set' (''Group'') ''Gene''s for one particular ''LifeForm''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genome' in WordNet: 1. genome - (the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism; the full DNA sequence of an organism; 'the human genome contains approximately three billion chemical base pairs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LifeForm ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NucleicAcidMolecule ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NucleicAcid ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gene ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Genotype :wnsense "genotype1n", "genotype2n" ; :wordnet "genotype" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of *protoypical* Attributes of some Group of Organisms with the same genetic constitution, in contrast to the *actual* attributes of the same type for some individal Organism or specific Group(s) of Organisms with the same Genotype, but possibly having observable attributes that differ from the prototypical attributes for the genetically similar group. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'genotype' in WordNet: 1. genotype - (a group of organisms sharing a specific genetic constitution) 2. genotype, genetic constitution - (the particular alleles at specified loci present in an organism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Components, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrganismPartType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Attribute ] . :Genre :wnsense "genre1n" ; :wordnet "genre" ; a :GenreType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genre' in WordNet: 1. (1) genre - (a kind of literary or artistic work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtActivity ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :GenreType :wnsense "genre1n" ; :wordnet "genre" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GenreType'' is is a ''Sort'' of Music or Art or literary work, categorized by certain distinctions, some of which have distinctive recognizable character, which might be difficult to describe in logic. There is no clear distinction in COSMO between an instance of ''Genre'' (which is an owl:Class) and the other owl:Classes that are subtypes of the Genre. Needs more work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'genre' in WordNet: 1. (1) genre - (a kind of literary or artistic work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Genteel :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CivilizingaCulture ; :isTheOppositeOf :Barbaric ; :wnsense "civilised2adj", "civilized2adj", "cultivated3adj", "cultured1adj", "genteel1adj", "polite2adj" ; :wordnet "civilised", "civilized", "cultivated", "cultured", "genteel", "polite" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'genteel' in Wordnet: 1. civilized, civilised, cultivated, cultured, genteel, polite - (marked by refinement in taste and manners; 'cultivated speech'; 'cultured Bostonians'; 'cultured tastes'; 'a genteel old lady'; 'polite society') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Gentle :ldoce "gentle" ; :wnsense "gentle2adj" ; :wordnet "gentle" ; a :AttributeValueType, :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Gentle' is an AttributeValue of an Animal or of an Event. This is broadly construed to include metaphorical usage and does not necessarily imply that the thing modified is a ''IntentionalAgent''. For example, a ''Breeze'' is a ''Gentle'' ''Wind''. @ToDo: differentiate those senses?? For Actions, it can represent a delicate handling - as to handle a piece of china 'gently' - or can demonstrate an attitude or characteristic of being gentle. In the latter case, such an action would be an instance of the type 'GentleAct' The 'gentle' of adj sense 1 of WordNet (characterizing speech acts) is not included, and should be a separate sense (not done as of v0.53) 1. (6) gentle, soft - (soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe; 'a gentle reprimand'; 'a vein of gentle irony'; 'poked gentle fun at him') Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'gentle' in WordNet: 2. (4) gentle - (having or showing a kindly or tender nature; 'the gentle touch of her hand'; 'her gentle manner was comforting'; 'a gentle sensitive nature'; 'gentle blue eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :GentleAct :wnsense "kindness3n" ; :wordnet "kindness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GentleAct is an act by a Person that is either physically gentle, i.e. does not cause physical stress on the objects handled, or demonstrates to observers that the person performing that act is Gentle, at least in that specific case. The closest Wordnet sense seems to be 'kindness', which does not necessarily include acts that are physically gentle: in WordNet: 3. kindness, benignity - (a kind act) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActExhibitingCharacterTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gentle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gentle ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gentleness ; owl:onProperty :exhibitsEmotion ] . :Gentleman :ldoce "gentleman" ; :wnsense "gentleman1n" ; :wordnet "gentleman" ; a :AnimalType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WordNet: Contrasted with 'boor' or 'ruffian' or 'scoundrel'. in WordNet: 1. (9) gentleman - (a man of refinement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man . :Gentleness :disposesToAction :GentleAct ; :wnsense "gentleness2n", "mildness2n", "softness7n" ; :wordnet "gentleness", "mildness", "softness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gentleness' in WordNet: 2. gentleness, softness, mildness - (acting in a manner that is gentle and mild and even-tempered; 'his fingers have learned gentleness'; 'suddenly her gigantic power melted into softness for the baby'; 'even in the pulpit there are moments when mildness of manner is not enough') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehavioralDisposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GentleAct ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Genuine :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :MakingaCopy ; :isTheOppositeOf :Copied ; :wnsense "echt1adj", "genuine1adj", "original4adj" ; :wordnet "echt", "genuine", "original" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Genuine'' is an AttributeValue of objects that are not copies or counterfeited. For the more general sense of 'authentic' use parent Attribute ''Authentic''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'genuine' in Wordnet: 1. (6) genuine, echt - (not fake or counterfeit; 'a genuine Picasso'; 'genuine leather') WN adj 'original' 4. original - (not derived or copied or translated from something else; 'the play is original; not an adaptation'; 'he kept the original copy and gave her only a xerox'; \"the translation misses much of the subtlety of the original French\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authentic, :PastParticiple . :GeoDirectionalAttribute a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A two-dimensional directional measure (i.e. a Vector) that is constrained to point along the surface of the Earth. This can be represented as one-dimensional if one of the axes is fixed, typically True North. Then the direction can be represented and interpreted as degrees clockwise relative to True North. In SUMO called 'DirectionalAttribute': SUMO: The subclass of PositionalAttributes that concern compass directions.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionMeasure . :GeoOrientationMeasure a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GeoOrientationMeasure is an OrientationMeasure for which one degree of freedom is missing, namely that the direction vector is constrained to lie in the plane defined by the Earth's surface, and the reference grid will be the Latitude and Longitude grid for the Earth..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure . :GeodesicLine :wnsense "geodesic line1n", "geodesic1n" ; :wordnet "geodesic", "geodesic line" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeodesicLine'' is an arc on ''EarthsSurface'' that is a crcle or an arc of a crcle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geodesic line' in WordNet: 1. geodesic, geodesic line - ((mathematics) the shortest line between two points on a mathematically defined surface (as a straight line on a plane or an arc of a great circle on a sphere)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalLine-Intangible . :GeographicKnowledge :en "geographic knowledge" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'GeographicKnowledge' is some body of Knowledge that describes the properties of some region of the Earth's surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthSurfaceObject ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :GeographicMap :en "geographic map" ; :enn "geographic map" ; :guid "bd58e7b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Map of some region of the Earth's surface, represented as an oblong region whose sides correspond to latitude lines and longitude lines. A GeographicMap is therefore typically represented as oriented North at the top of the image. As an AbstractImage, it can be physically represented at any size. Therefore a 'scale' is not an appropriate attribute. For abstract Maps that are intended to be printed at some size, a subtype will be needed. Physical maps are represented as 'PhysicalMap', and those can have a scale. The area of each GeographicMap coincides with the area of some GeographicalRectangle. (this is not yet formalized) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Map, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GeographicalArea ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Geographical :pertainsTo :Earth, :Geography ; :wnsense "geographic1adj", "geographical1adj" ; :wordnet "geographic", "geographical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Geographical'' is the attribute of places, actions, and features on the Earth's surface. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'geographical' in Wordnet: 1. (2) geographic, geographical - (of or relating to the science of geography) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GeographicalAgent :guid "c1371c02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$MultiIndividualAgent and #$GeographicalThing. Each instance of #$GeographicalAgent is a group of people and/or organizations cohesive enough to be treated as an agent (see the collection #$Agent, of which #$GeographicalAgent is a specialization), and which occupies a particular instance of #$GeographicalRegion. Important specializations of #$GeographicalAgent include #$GeopoliticalEntity, #$University, and #$Neighborhood. Note that instances of #$GeographicalAgent are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a 'physical' geography microtheory (i.e. #$PhysicalGeographyMt and its submicrotheories), geographical agents are clearly distinguished from the regions they occupy. (#$TerritoryFn GEO-AGENT) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (an instance of #$GeographicalRegion) occupied by a given geographical agent GEO-AGENT. In a 'dualist' geography microtheory (i.e. #$DualistGeopoliticalMt and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geographical agents are viewed as being _both_ agents _and_ land masses (instances of #$GeographicalRegion). Thus, there is little need for #$TerritoryFn in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geographical agents and regions more closely than do the stricter physical microtheories.) There are also some 'generic' geography microtheories (e.g. #$WorldGeographyMt and #$GeographyMt) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note for this constant.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollectiveAgent, :GeographicalThing . :GeographicalArea :guid "bd588009-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "area", "place", "spot" ; :wnsense "area1n", "place1n", "region3n", "spot1n" ; :wordnet "area", "place", "region", "spot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GeographicalArea'' is the total (informally, a Group) of PhysicalObjects located in some a three-dimensional Region of space that is on or close to the surface of the Earth; most of it is part of the Earth's surface, but it include structures and other relatively immobile objects in that Region as well. This is the category that should be used to specify physical properties of areas of the Earth, such as the areas defined by Countries and ruled by their governments. Although three-dimensional, most ''GeographicalArea''s will be relatively thin and sheet-like in shape, as the areas of interest are close to the Earth's surface. NOTE that as a Region, it is disjoint with a PhysicalObject. COSMO note: in Cyc this was 'GeographicalRegion'. In COSMO, Geographical reasoning uses only the spatial points, areas and volumes that are defined relative to some set of Geodetic coordinates. The physical objects that occupy that region are related to the region, but are classified separately under 'GeographicalObject'. A PhysicalObject, but one need not specify the mass: set to -1'. Note that to be consistent with SUMO usage, one-and two-dimensional regions are not included in this categeory. They can be represented by 'GeographicalRegion'. ''GeographicalRegion'' (SUMO) includes Earth areas only SUMO: A geographic location on Earth, generally having definite boundaries. SUMO: Note that this differs from its immediate superclass Region in that a GeographicArea is a three-dimensional Region of the earth. Accordingly, all astronomical objects other than earth and all one-dimensional and two-dimensional Regions are not classed under GeographicArea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'area' and noun sense 1 of 'place' and sense 1 of 'spot' and to part of sense 3 of 'region' in WordNet; NOTE that this type is not a point, as suggested by the Wordnet gloss, but a region, as no physical object can be wholly located at a point.and this type must accommodate whole PhysicalObjects. in WordNet: WN noun 'area': 1. (620) area, country - (a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); 'it was a mountainous area'; 'Bible country') WN 'region': 3. (2) region - (a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth; 'penguins inhabit the polar regions') WN 'place' 1. (79) topographic point, place, spot - (a point located with respect to surface features of some region; 'this is a nice place for a picnic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Surface-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthSurfaceRegion ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] ; owl:disjointWith :OuterSpaceRegion . :GeographicalArea-Intangible :guid "c10a883f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of two dimensional intangible geographical things. For instance, the abstract (i.e. #$Intangible) area circumscribed by the 25th and 65th north parallels and the 45th and 125th west meridian (see #$GeographicalPlace-2D) - #$ContiguousUnitedStates is located there; #$BattleZone is an example of specialization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalThing-Intangible, :GeometricThing-Localized, :Surface-Intangible . :GeographicalBoundary :en "geographical boundary" ; :enn "geographical boundary" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GeographicalBoundary' can be a boundary between countries, or between geographical features (such as a Shoreline), or geographical regions. A 'GeographicalBoundary' is a Line, but it can be extended vertically to divide two geographical three-dimensional spaces. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoundaryLine, :GeographicalLine-Intangible . :GeographicalDatumPoint a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each GeographicalDatumPoint is a point on or near the Earth's surface that has zero altitude relative to the WGS84 datum. Each such point is part of the WGS84 surface. Since the altitude is always zero, it can be completely located (relative to Earth) by a Latitude and a Longitude value. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalPoint, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WGS84 ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ] . :GeographicalDepresson :wnsense "depression3n", "natural depression1n" ; :wordnet "depression", "natural depression" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GeographicalDepresson' is a Concavity of significant size (large than HumanScal) on the surface of the Earth formed by geological forces, and not man-made. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'depression' in WordNet 3. (3) natural depression, depression - (a sunken or depressed geological formation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concavity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlanetarySurfaceRegion ] . :GeographicalLine-Intangible :guid "c0808b7b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$GeographicalThing-Intangible and (#$LocalizedShapeTypeFn #$Line) (qq.v.). This is the collection of one-dimensional intangible geographical lines, fixed-location or otherwise. Its specializations include #$LatitudeLine, #$LineOfMilitaryForces, and #$GeopoliticalBorder.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalThing-Intangible, :GeometricThing-Localized, :Line, :Path-Spatial . :GeographicalObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each GeographicalObject represents one or more of the **large** physical objects that are contained within some ''GeographicalRegion'' or ''GeographicalArea''. These ''PhysicalObject''s are part of the ''GeographicalRegion'' that comprise all the sum of ''PhysicalObject''s occupying some ''GeographicalRegion''. For every GeographicalObject of sufficient interest to be defined, there should be some ''GeographicalRegion'' (for Earth) or GeographicalRegion (for any planet-like astronomical body) that has already been defined to specify the region of interest. One might, for example, want to defined 'ThePortOfBaltimoreObject' to discuss all of the physical objects that are located within 'ThePortOfBaltimoreArea'. As of version 0.23, the only specialization of GeographicalObject defined is BodyOfWater - the physical water contained in some region such as a lake or the AtlanticOcean. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarthSurfaceObject, :LargeObject, :PhysicalObject . :GeographicalPoint :guid "befcf119-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "geographic point1n", "geographical point1n" ; :wordnet "geographic point", "geographical point" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """GeographicalPoint is a merger of the Cyc GeographicalPoint-Intangible and '#$GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation', which appeared to make unnecessary distinctions that violate linguistic intuitions, be confusing, and possibly redundant. GeographicalPoint is a location which is a point on the surface of the Earth (land or water), which will have a measure expressed as Latitude and Longitude, and has an altitude of zero relative to the standard geoid (datum) representing the Earth's surface. It is therefore located on the geodetic datum. This differs from Cyc usage. The 'surface' used in COSMO is the geoid Datum WSG84. This is provisional and can change. Cyc - '#$GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation' The subcollection of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation whose instances are intangible points on the Earth's surface that have relatively fixed geographic locations. Each geographical point is located on a unique #$LatitudeLine and on a unique #$LongitudeLine, and is itself the point of intersection of those two lines. Cyc: GeographicalPoint-Intangible The collection of zero dimensional intangible geographical objects [#$GeographicalThing-Intangible.] Instances of this collection are typically points on a map. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geographic point' in WordNet: 1. geographic point, geographical point - (a point on the surface of the Earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpacePoint-Empirical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WGS84 ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :GeographicalPoint-Intangible :isaSynonymOf :GeographicalPoint ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Synonym of a merged concept for GeographicalPoint." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation :isaSynonymOf :GeographicalPoint ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Synonym of a merged concept for GeographicalPoint." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :GeographicalRectangle a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """GeographicalRectangle is a rectangular two-dimensional area (not necessarily flat) that is bordered by four LatLong points, for which the two western points have the same longitude, the two northern points have the same latitude, etc, forming a perfect rectangle in a Mercator projection. The points are located on the Earth's geoid, and the distance from the center of the Earth for each point in this area may vary depending on the distance of the geoid. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :EarthsGeoid ] . :GeographicalRegion :ldoce "area", "place", "spot" ; :wnsense "area1n", "geographic area1n", "geographic region1n", "geographical area1n", "geographical region1n", "place1n", "region3n", "spot1n" ; :wordnet "area", "geographic area", "geographic region", "geographical area", "geographical region", "place", "region", "spot" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GeographicalRegion'' is a connected one-,two- or three-dimensional region of space located on or near the surface of ''Earth'''. For 3-dimensonal regions specifically on the Earth, use ''GeographicalRegion''. For the ''PhysicalObject''s (including the ground and structures) occupying a ''GeographicalRegion'', use ''GeographicalArea''. For a ''GeographicalRegion'' marked off by a GeopoliticalEntity for some reason other than generic government purposes, use subtype ''District'' It is understood that the regions defined are stationary with respect to some coordinate system in which the astronomical object itself is considered to be stationary. The astronomical object itself (most commonly the Earth) will of course be rotating and moving through space, and those motions are ignored when the relative locations defined by 'GeographicalRegion' are used. A GeographicalRegion will include some portion of the space above the solid material that defines the region, and below the surface; at this point (v 0.44) we have not precisely specified how much of the space above or below the surface is included. COSMO note: this Cyc category is reinterpreted as representing only spatial regions - points, areas, or volumes, on or near the surface of some planetary body (to clearly specify the Earth, use the subtype ''GeographicalRegion''), but this does not represent any of the physical objects that might exist in that region. The discussion of 'tangible' in the Cyc documentation below suggests the inclusion of physical objects, but that is not the intent of this COSMO cateegory. Though this category does not include any physical objects, one may use 'GeographicalObject' to specify all of the objects in any GeographicalRegion, if desired. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeographicalThing and #$Surface-Physical. Each instance of #$GeographicalRegion is a tangible spatial region that includes some piece of the surface of a planet (usually #$PlanetEarth), and may be represented on a map of the planet. This includes purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, places defined by demographics (e.g., language areas) and territory otherwise demarcated (e.g. #$TimeZones). In dualist geopolitical contexts [see #$DualistGeopoliticalMt], instances of #$GeopoliticalEntity are also considered to be instances of #$GeographicalRegion. In all cases the region in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact. The instances of #$GeographicalRegion contrast in this respect with the instances of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible, which are wholly intangible. Examples of #$GeographicalRegion include #$RockyMountainStates-USRegion, the #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$SinaiPeninsula, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts - #$YaleUniversity and #$CityOfPittsburghPA. Some important types of regions are represented by the sub-collections #$LanguageArea, #$TimeZone, #$PostalCodeRegion, #$EcologicalRegion, #$ConstructionSite, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts -- #$GeopoliticalEntity. No instances of #$GeographicalRegion are wholly indoor locations. WN noun 'area': in WordNet: 1. (620) area, country - (a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); 'it was a mountainous area'; 'Bible country') WN 'place' 1. (79) topographic point, place, spot - (a point located with respect to surface features of some region; 'this is a nice place for a picnic') WN noun 'region': 3. (2) region - (a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth; 'penguins inhabit the polar regions') WN noun 'geographical region': 1. geographical area, geographic area, geographical region, geographic region - (a demarcated area of the Earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlanetarySurfaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthSurfaceRegion ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :GeographicalRegionPair a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeographicalRegionPair'' is a 'RegionPair' that one may want to relate to other entities, or to each other, e.g. to specify the ''BonaryLine''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RegionPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GeographicalRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GeographicalSpaceRegion :guid "bfebdc15-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: This is any volume, point,or surface on or near the surface of the Earth. This differs form its usage in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of both #$SpaceRegion-Empirical and #$GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation (qq.v.). Instances of #$GeographicalSpaceRegion are pieces of space that are relevant to geographical reasoning. They are intangible points, lines, or surfaces that are all incident in the projected surface of reference on which instances of #$GeographicalThing are located, and which themselves have a fixed location with respect to that surface. Specializations of #$GeographicalSpaceRegion include #$GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation, #$GeographicalPlace-1D, and #$GeographicalPlace-2D.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation, :PhysicalSpaceRegion . :GeographicalSurfacePoint :guid "befcf119-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """GeographicalPoint is a merger of the Cyc GeographicalPoint-Intangible and '#$GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation', which appeared to make unnecessary distinctions that violate linguistic intuitions, be confusing, and possibly redundant. GeographicalSurfacePoint is a location which is a point on the surface of the Earth (land or water), which will have a measure expressed as Latitude and Longitude, and has some altitude of zero relative to the standard geoid (datum), WSG84 representing the Earth's surface at zero altitude above sea level. Cyc - '#$GeographicalPoint-Intangible-FixedLocation' The subcollection of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation whose instances are intangible points on the Earth's surface that have relatively fixed geographic locations. Each geographical point is located on a unique #$LatitudeLine and on a unique #$LongitudeLine, and is itself the point of intersection of those two lines. Cyc: GeographicalPoint-Intangible The collection of zero dimensional intangible geographical objects [#$GeographicalThing-Intangible.] Instances of this collection are typically points on a map.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalPoint, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WGS84 ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ] . :GeographicalThing :en "geographical thing" ; :enn "geographical thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 This collection may be thought of as consisting of all the entities which are localizable within the context of a geography, in the sense that they might plausibly be represented on a map. This includes both #$PartiallyTangible entities like #$GeographicalRegions, and also entities that may be wholly #$Intangible, like territorial borders and boundaries, #$LatitudeLines and #$LongitudeLines, trajectories of missiles and courses of ships, and the #$Equator. NOTE: subtypes of this type may be regions, agents (Countries) or Objects, which are disjoint with each other. Thus this cannot be considered as necessarily any one of those entities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialThing-Localized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :GeographicalThing-Intangible :guid "bdcf98b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$GeographicalThing and #$IntangibleExistingThing (qq.v.). The collection of all things that occupy definite locations in geographic space (in the sense of being representable on a map) but that are nevertheless best considered #$Intangible or imaginary . Examples include #$LatitudeLines and #$LongitudeLines, the courses of airplanes and ships, ballistic trajectories, territorial boundaries and borders, air traffic control zones, etc. Contrast with #$GeographicalRegion. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalThing, :IntangibleExistingThing . :GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation :guid "c0a9290d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all intangible things that have a relatively fixed geographic locations, such as the #$Equator, the #$NorthPole, #$LongitudeLines, stable borders, etc. Contrast this with #$GeographicalThing-Intangible-MovableLocation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalThing-Intangible, :Place . :GeographicalZone :wnsense "zone1n" ; :wordnet "zone" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeographicalZone'' is a ''GeographicalArea'' categorized by some distinctive characteristics other than latitude.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zone' in WordNet: 1. (1) zone - (a circumscribed geographical region characterized by some distinctive features) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :Feature ) ] ] . :Geographically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Geographical ; :pertainsTo :GeographicalObject ; :wnsense "geographically1adv" ; :wordnet "geographically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Geographically'' is an AdverbialModifier that asserts that the adjective modifiedis to be interpreted with respect to ''Geography'' and to ''GeographicalObject''s or their properties. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'geographically' in Wordnet: 1. (2) geographically - (with respect to geography; 'they are geographically closer to the center of town') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :GeographicallyHigh :isAnAttributeValueOf :Altitude, :OutdoorGeographicalObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :GeographicallyLow, :Low ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a location (often the top surface, but it can be any location) on an ''OutdoorGeographicalObject'' that is raised above the surrounding terrain by at least 100 feet (30 meters) Used, e.g., as part of the description of an ''Overlook'' or any other natural location where the height above ground level is significant. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :High . :GeographicallyLow :isAnAttributeValueOf :Altitude, :OutdoorGeographicalObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :GeographicallyHigh ; :wnsense "low-lying1adj" ; :wordnet "low-lying" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a location of an ''OutdoorGeographicalObject'' that is lower than the surrounding terrain by at least 100 feet (30 meters). Used mostly of terrain signficantly lower in altitude than other terrain for tens of miles around. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'low-lying' in Wordnet: 1. (1) low-lying - (having a small elevation above the ground or horizon or sea level; 'low-lying clouds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :High . :Geography :wnsense "geographics1n", "geography1n" ; :wordnet "geographics", "geography" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Geography'' is an ''EarthScience'' that deals with visual characteristics of areas on the surface of the Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geography' in WordNet: 1. geography, geographics - (study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarthScience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeographicalBoundary ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Geological :pertainsTo :Earth, :GeologicalPhenomenon, :GeologicalTimePeriod, :Geology ; :wnsense "geologic1adj", "geological1adj" ; :wordnet "geologic", "geological" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Geological'' is the attribute pertaining to ''Geology'' particularly characteristics of and events on the Earth's surface, including changes due to forces acting from within and on the surface of the Earth.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'geological' in Wordnet: 1. (2) geological, geologic - (of or relating to or based on geology; 'geological formations'; 'geologic forces') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GeologicalAge :guid "9c2a34f2-9d1e-41d7-83c8-e72d2e9fda0d", "d501efa8-9d1f-41d7-988d-bf425e6fa128" ; :wnsense "geological era1n" ; :wordnet "geological era" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC called 'GeologicalEra': A specialization of #$GeologicalTimePeriod. Instances of #$GeologicalEra are the longest divisions of geological time. There are four such divisions: the #$Precambrian-GeologicalEra, the #$Palaeozoic-GeologicalEra, #$Mesozoic-GeologicalEra, and the #$Cenozoic-GeologicalEra. CYC 'GeologicalEra' : A specialization of #$GeologicalTimePeriod. Instances of #$GeologicalPeriod are divisions of #$GeologicalEras (q.v.). For example, the #$Jurassic-GeologicalPeriod is a sub-interval of the #$Mesozoic-GeologicalEra. This type includes CYC 'GeologicalAge' and 'GeologicalEra' The ''GeologicalAge''s include: Age Name Epoch Name Millions of Years BC Precambrian Achean 4500 to 2500 Proterozoic 2500 - 540 Paleozoic Cambrian 540 - 500 Ordovician 500 - 435 Silurian 435 - 410 Devonian 410 - 355 Carboniferous 355 - 295 Permian 295 - 250 Mesozoic Triassic 250 - 203 Jurassic 203 - 135 Cretaceous 135 - 65 Cenozoic Paleocene 65 - 53 Eocene 65 - 33.7 Oligocene 33.7 - 23.5 Miocene 23.5 - 5.3 Pliocene 5.3 - 1.75 Quaternary 1.75 - Present Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geological era' in WordNet: 1. era, geological era - (a major division of geological time; an era is usually divided into two or more periods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeologicalTimePeriod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Geology ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GeologicalEpoch ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ] . :GeologicalEpoch :guid "a5490846-9d1f-41d7-84f2-b053600b41ab" ; :wnsense "epoch3n" ; :wordnet "epoch" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'GeologicalEpoch' is interpreted as the 'Epoch' that is a subdivision of ''GeologicalAge''. The Epochs include: Age Name Epoch Name Millions of Years BC Precambrian Achean 4500 to 2500 Proterozoic 2500 - 540 Paleozoic Cambrian 540 - 500 Ordovician 500 - 435 Silurian 435 - 410 Devonian 410 - 355 Carboniferous 355 - 295 Permian 295 - 250 Mesozoic Triassic 250 - 203 Jurassic 203 - 135 Cretaceous 135 - 65 Cenozoic Paleocene 65 - 53 Eocene 65 - 33.7 Oligocene 33.7 - 23.5 Miocene 23.5 - 5.3 Pliocene 5.3 - 1.75 Quaternary 1.75 - Present Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'epoch' in WordNet: 3. epoch - (a unit of geological time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeologicalTimePeriod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GeologicalAge ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :GeologicalFault :wnsense "break3n", "fault2n", "faulting1n", "fracture2n", "geological fault1n", "shift5n" ; :wordnet "break", "fault", "faulting", "fracture", "geological fault", "shift" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geological fault' in WordNet: 1. fault, faulting, geological fault, shift, fracture, break - ((geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; 'they built it right over a geological fault'; 'he studied the faulting of the earth's crust') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crevice . :GeologicalPhenomenon :wnsense "geological phenomenon1n" ; :wordnet "geological phenomenon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeologicalPhenomenon'' is any ''NaturalPhenomenon'' that is due to geological proceses, i.e. movement of material on the Earth's surface or interior that causes a change in the Earth itself, without intervention of an Organism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geological phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. geological phenomenon - (a natural phenomenon involving the structure or composition of the earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Geology ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ] . :GeologicalReservoir a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GeologicalReservoir is an underground formation in solid earth that contains some fluid material that may be extracted. The most common fluids are water, petroleum, and natural gas. The fluids are usually contained in the pores in a porous rock formation. The reservoir that contains ground water may not be under pressure, and a water well will often need some means of raising the water from its level to the surface. NOTE that a GeologicalReservoir is often accessed by digging a Well. The Well is not itself a StorageEntity; it is a means of extracting materials from the GeologicalReservoir. There is no exact WordNet equivalent to this concept; the WordNet 'store, storehouse' captures only a small part of all the possible subtypes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageEntity, :UsefulSource . :GeologicalTimePeriod a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each CYC 'GeologicalPeriod' is a divison of a """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Era, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Geology ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Geologist :guid "bd58b885-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "geologist1n" ; :wordnet "geologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A scientist trained in Geology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geologist' in WordNet: 1. (2) geologist - (a specialist in geology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Geology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Geology :wnsense "geology1n" ; :wordnet "geology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Geology'' is an ''EarthScience'' that deals with the history of the earth and how it affects the composition and shape of things on the surface of the Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geology' in WordNet: 1. (1) geology - (a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarthScience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Geometric :pertainsTo :GeometricFigure, :Geometry ; :wnsense "geometric2adj" ; :wordnet "geometric" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Statistical'' pertains to any aspect of ''Geometry'' or to a ''GeometricFigure''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'geometric' in Wordnet: 2. (2) geometric, geometrical - (of or relating to or determined by geometry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GeometricFigure :guid "be91f0ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "figure" ; :wnsense "figure6n" ; :wordnet "figure" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$GeometricShapeType and a specialization of #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible and #$HomogeneousExtendedSpaceRegion (qq.v.). This is the collection of geometrical figures, conceived of as bounded (one- or higher-dimensional) regions of space. Neither a single point (see #$GeometricalPoint), nor a sum of scattered points, is an instance of #$Figure-Geometrical. Note that this collection includes line segments, but not unbounded lines. An important specialization of this collection is #$PlaneFigure-Geometrical. The class of all geometric figures, i.e. the class of all abstract, spatial representations. Instance of GeometricFigure are abstract mathematical objects which can be considered as independent of anything in our material universe. They are therefore not MentalObjects, which must be created by people. The instances of this class are GeometricPoints, TwoDimensionalFigures or ThreeDimensionalFigures or any other Object that can be represented as being a distribution of points, lines, planes, volumes, or hypervolumes in some abstract space. This includes sense 6 of 'figure' in WordNet: 6. (8) figure - (a combination of points and lines and planes that form a visible palpable shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible, :MathematicalObject, :VisualPattern, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Geometric ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GeometricShapeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GeometricShapeType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for shape attributes and an argument restriction for the hasShape relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations. CYC note: CYC has 'ThreeDimensionalShapeType', a subtype of 'GeometricShapeType', not used in COSMO: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$GeometricShapeType (q.v.). Each instance of #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType is a specialization of #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing (q.v.) all of whose own instances have something in common as regards their shape. Instances include the collections #$Cylinder and #$Cube. ''GeometricShapeType'' was added in rev 1169 to help represent an ''Arc'', as it appears to be potentially useful as a type for gometric figures that have distinctive shapes. However, instances of SphapeType in COSMO have all been AttributeValues, and other distinctively shaped objects are related to objects having those shapes by the relation 'hasTheShapeOfa'; this provides potential for confusion. The new usage does not change the older, but will be for this type to represent objects with ditinctive shapes, and those types that are instance of this ''GeometricShapeType'' metatype may be used with shape relations as well as the ''hasTheShapeOfa''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeType . :GeometricThing-Localized :guid "c1350e38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible and #$SpatialThing-Localized (qq.v.). This is the collection of all intangible objects (i.e. objects not composed of or encoded in matter) that both (i) have some location or position in the physical universe and (ii) are characterizable in (relatively simple) geometric terms. Examples include the center of mass of the solar system at the first instant of the 20th Century (a point), the Earth's equator (a circle), and the region of space occupied by the Sun at this moment (a sphere). Specializations of #$GeometricThing-Localized include #$GeographicalArea-Intangible and any collection in the range of #$LocalizedFn (q.v.). Cf. #$GeometricThing-Abstract.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible, :SpatialThing-Localized ; owl:disjointWith :PhysicalObject . :Geometrical :pertainsTo :GeometricalPattern ; :wnsense "geometric1adj", "geometrical2adj" ; :wordnet "geometric", "geometrical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'geometrical' in Wordnet: 2. geometric, geometrical - (characterized by simple geometric forms in design and decoration; 'a buffalo hide painted with red and black geometric designs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GeometricalPattern :en "geometrical design", "geometrical pattern" ; :enn "geometrical design", "geometrical pattern" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeometricalPattern'' is a ''PhysicalDesign'' (markings on a surface) that is ''Geometrical'', i.e. prominently including distinguishable parts resembling identifiable ''PlaneFigure-Geometrical''s. NOTE: to be more detailed, one might represent one ''Mark'' that resembles a ''PlaneFigure-Geometrical'', e.g. 'GeometricalMark'. @ToDo """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalDesign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Geometrical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlaneFigure-Geometrical ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :GeometricalPoint :guid "be2227ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "point" ; :wnsense "point1n" ; :wordnet "point" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ZeroDimensionalThing and #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible (qq.v.). The collection of one-piece zero-dimensional geometrical objects. Instances of #$GeometricalPoint have neither length, breadth, nor thickness; they might or might not move over time. Important specializations of #$GeometricalPoint include #$SpacePoint (whose instances have fixed locations with respect to some coordinate system) and its specialization #$SpacePoint-Empirical (whose instance have fixed locations in the empirically-observable universe). Thus the center of the solar system, considered diachronically, is a #$GeometricalPoint but not a #$SpacePoint. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'point' in WordNet: 1. (51) point - (a geometric element that has position but no extension; 'a point is defined by its coordinates') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible, :ZeroDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PointLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :GeometricallyDescribableThing :guid "bd58c42e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$SpatialThing. Each instance of #$GeometricallyDescribableThing is a spatially-connected spatial thing (of 0, 1, 2, or 3 dimensions) that either (i) has or approximates a simple geometric shape (e.g. it is a #$Line or a #$Hemisphere) or (ii) consists of a number of (connected) parts in a relatively stable geometric configuration, where each such part has or approximates a simple geometric shape (e.g. a table consisting of a 3-D-disc-shaped top and four cylindrical legs). A #$GeometricallyDescribableThing might be tangible (see #$PhysicalObject) or intangible (see #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible). Note that what counts as approximating a given simple geometric shape -- and thus what spatial things count as #$GeometricallyDescribableThings - varies with context. In a context that was so fine-grained shape-wise that even the shapes of the individual molecules on the surface of an object were considered relevant to the object's shape, perhaps nearly every (connected, solid) tangible object would be geometrically-describable. In more everyday contexts, on the other hand, an unopened can of soup would be geometrically-describable (as a cylinder), while a telephone or an animal's body would probably not.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialThing . :GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible :guid "c12c73ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$GeometricallyDescribableThing and #$IntangibleIndividual (qq.v.). This is the collection of all intangible, geometrically-describable things, whether spatially localized or not. #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible is the intersection (see #$collectionIntersection) of #$GeometricallyDescribableThing and #$Intangible. Examples include any spatially-connected, intangible thing that has or approximates (or which consists entirely of parts that all have or approximate) a simple geometric shape, such as the intangible space determined by a particular Egyptian pyramid, an abstract Platonic sphere, or the center of mass of the solar system (a point) at the first instant of the Twentieth Century in Greenwich, England. Important specializations of this collection are #$GeometricThing-Localized (which includes all spatially localized instances) and #$GeometricThing-Abstract (which includes all instances not spatially located in the empirically-observable universe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :IntangibleIndividual . :Geometry :wnsense "geometry1n" ; :wordnet "geometry" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Geometry'' is a branch of ''Mathematics''concerning itself with shapes and their parts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geometry' in WordNet: 1. (3) geometry - (the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Methodology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeometricallyDescribableThing ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mathematics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :Geopolitical :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion ; :isTheOppositeOf :Local, :National ; :pertainsTo :Geopolitics ; :wnsense "geopolitical1adj" ; :wordnet "geopolitical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'geopolitical' in Wordnet: 1. geopolitical - (of or relating to geopolitics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :Political . :GeopoliticalEntity :en "geopolitical entity" ; :enn "geopolitical entity" ; :guid "bd58e5da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, :MentalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO differs from its representation in other ontologies, to stay closer to the linguistic intuitions. Specifically, we say 'government of France', implying that the entity 'France' is not identical to its government. To conform to those intuitions, 'France' and other countries will be GeopoliticalEntities. Therefore a GeopoliticalEntity is something distinct from the organization which forms the government. In COSMO, it is an unusual hybrid, being both a MentalObject and a GenericLocation. It is neither a PhysicalObject nor an Organization, but it is an ''IntelligentAgent'', and can be the Agent of an Action that is performed either by the government, or by a majority of its people. The Government of a GeopoliticalEntity is an Organization. NMOTE: Although a 'GeopoliticalEntity' is a MentalObject, it may be referred to as a location, in place of the actual Area controlled by the entity, which can be (and is in some cases) represented as an Area. Thus there may be some references to a 'GeopoliticalEntity' instead of its area, as in relative size - but though this is not logically precise, it does not create contradictions since 'LocationType' is not disjoint with most other things. This is allowed to reduce the need to distinguish areas and jurisdictions, as that distinction is very blurred in ordinary language. A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO is a composite Entity which (1) is an agent (2) claims control over some land area of the earth (3) has a government or other ruling organization, which is also an agent (4) is a MentalObject, meaning that it does not have mass and was created by an IntelligentAgent NOTE1: As a GenericLocation, one can say that something isLocatedAt a GeopoliticalEntity even though one means that an object isLocatedAt the region controlled by the GeopoliticalEntity. When an instance of a GeopoliticalEntity is used as an argument that should logically take a region, the implementation should, for consistency, coerce the argument into the corresponding ''GeopoliticalRegion''. At present (v0.48) there is no 'disjoint' relation that will cause a logical contradiction, but elaboration of the ontology might cause problems at some point for the use of an Agent as a Location. Alternatives may be worth exploring. NOTE2: if the government performs an action, it is unclear whether it is alway proper to say that a country (or city) performed that action. Therefore the GeopoliticalEntity and its government are treated as distinct agents, though it will probably be true in almost all cases that when one acts, the other can be said to act. NOTE3 that countries have five aspects: (1) the country itself, the GeopoliticalEntity (2) the government of the country (3) the spatial region controlled by the counry (''GeopoliticalRegion'') (4) the physical objects within the spatial region controlled by the country. (4.1) among the physical objects are those that are part of the land, including the vegetation, and those that are animals or artifactual structures. (5) relations between and activities involving Groups of ''GeopoliticalEntity''s; 'geopolitical relations'. In normal speech, the distinctions among these are not made because the referents are clear from the context. For this ontology, the distinctions appear necessary. A GeopoliticalEntity usually has an Organization that claims control over the geographical region identified as the area of the GeopoliticalEntity. Usually this will be a government, but occasionally other Organizations such as occupying armies will claim control without claiming to be a formal government. This concept differs from the OpenCyc #$GeopoliticalEntity in that it is strictly an organization, whereas the Cyc concept includes some element of the geographical region itself. The Cyc documentation is reproduced here to clarify the difference: Cyc: A specialization of #$Organization and of #$LegalAgent and of #$GeographicalAgent; instances of this collection control #$GeographicalRegions. Each instance of #$GeopoliticalEntity includes a governing body, but is more than just that governing body. Important subcollections include #$Country, #$IndependentCountry, #$State-Geopolitical, #$City, and #$Province. Instances include #$CityOfTokyoJapan, #$BronxNY-Borough, #$Alaska-State, #$Rwanda, #$Singapore, #$InnerMongolia, #$Somerset-CountyEngland, and #$Taiwan-RepublicOfChina. A central feature of this collection is that geopolitical-entities (indeed, all #$GeographicalAgents) are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a physical geography microtheory (i.e. #$PhysicalGeographyMt and its submicrotheories), geopolitical-entities are clearly distinguished from the regions they control. (#$TerritoryFn GEO-POL) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (a #$GeopoliticalRegion) of a given geopolitical-entity GEO-POL. In a dualist geography microtheory (i.e. #$DualistGeopoliticalMt and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geopolitical-entities are viewed as being _both_ agents _and_ land masses (i.e. #$GeographicalRegions). Thus, there is little need for #$TerritoryFn in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geopolitical entities and regions more closely than do the stricter physicalist microtheories.) There are also some generic geography microtheories (e.g. #$WorldGeographyMt and #$UnitedStatesGeographyMt) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note for this constant.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :GeographicalAgent, :Government, :GovernmentalAuthority, :IntelligentAgent, :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeopoliticalRegion :GeographicalArea ) ] ; owl:onProperty :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericTerritoryInhabitants ; owl:onProperty :hasAuthorityOver ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Geopolitical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :PhysicalObject . :GeopoliticalRegion :wnsense "territory3n" ; :wordnet "territory" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO Note: a ''GeopoliticalRegion'' is the spatial Region containing the physical portion of earth controlled by a Geopolitical agent (the government of a country or subdivision). It is not a physical object, but contains all objects on or near the earth's surface, so that an object 'locatedAt' any region will also be 'locatedAt' any larger region containing] the first region. SUMO: Any GeographicArea which is associated with some sort of political structure. This class includes Lands, Cities, districts of cities, counties, etc. Note that the identity of a ''GeopoliticalRegion'' may remain constant after a change in borders. Most closely aproximates noun sense 3 of 'territory' in Wordnet: 3. territory, soil - (the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state; 'American troops were stationed on Japanese soil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion . :Geopolitics :wnsense "geopolitics1n" ; :wordnet "geopolitics" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Geopolitics'' is of activities, methods, and tactics involved in relations between ''Country''s. NOTE: i WN this is a 'discipline', a subtype of 'social science', but in COSMO, like ''Politics'', this is the actual Actions involved in actions and negotiations and policy decisions, in this case between ''Country''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geopolitics' in WordNet: 1. geopolitics - (the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SociabilityBasedAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Geopolitical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GeorgeHWBush :hasMassInGrams "75000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isaComponentElementOf :PresidentialCandidatesFor1992 ; a :ElectoralCandidate, :Person . :Georgia :wnsense "Georgia3n" ; :wordnet "Georgia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'Georgia' in WordNet: 3. Georgia, Sakartvelo - (a republic in Asia Minor on the Black Sea separated from Russia by the Caucasus mountains; formerly an Asian soviet but became independent in 1991) """ . :Georgian :pertainsTo :Georgia, :GeorgianPerson ; :wnsense "Georgian2adj" ; :wordnet "Georgian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'Georgian' in Wordnet: 2. Georgian - (of or relating to or characteristic of the Asian republic of Georgia or its people or language; 'the Georgian capital is Tbilisi'; 'Georgian farmers'; 'Georgian vowels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Georgian-US :pertainsTo :GeorgianPerson-US, :StateOfGeorgia ; :wnsense "Georgian2adj" ; :wordnet "Georgian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'Georgian' in Wordnet: 3. Georgian - (of or relating to or characteristic of the American state of Georgia or its inhabitants; 'the Georgian state capital is Atlanta'; 'Georgian peach farmers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GeorgianPerson :wnsense "Georgian2n" ; :wordnet "Georgian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'Joseph Stalin was a Georgian'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Georgian' in WordNet: 2. Georgian - (a native or inhabitant of Georgia in Asia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Georgia ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :GeorgianPerson-US :wnsense "Georgian1n" ; :wordnet "Georgian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'Jimmy Carter is a Georgian' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Georgian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Georgian - (a native or resident of the American state of Georgia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOfGeorgia ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :GeothermalPower :guid "c01bcc4d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalEnergy . :Geranium :guid "bd58afcd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "geranium1n" ; :wordnet "geranium" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geranium' in WordNet: 1. geranium - (any of numerous plants of the family Geraniaceae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeraniumOrder, :HerbPlant . :GeraniumOrder :guid "bd58fe3d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ vascular plant, tracheophyte """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :Gerbil :guid "bd58bf85-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gerbil1n", "gerbille1n" ; :wordnet "gerbil", "gerbille" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gerbil' in WordNet: 1. gerbil, gerbille - (small Old World burrowing desert rodent with long soft pale fur and hind legs adapted for leaping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticPet, :Rodent, :Species . :Germ :wnsense "germ2n" ; :wordnet "germ" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'germ' in WordNet: 2. germ - (a small apparently simple structure (as a fertilized egg) from which new tissue can develop into a complete organism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalStructure . :GermOfAnIdea :wnsense "germ1n", "seed4n", "source6n" ; :wordnet "germ", "seed", "source" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'germ' in WordNet: 1. (1) source, seed, germ - (anything that provides inspiration for later work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concept, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InspiringSomeone ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :German :pertainsTo :GermanPerson, :Germany ; :wnsense "German1adj" ; :wordnet "German" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''German'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Germany'' or a ''GermanPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'German' in WordNet: 1. (11) German - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of Germany or its people or language; 'German philosophers'; 'German universities'; 'German literature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GermanLanguage :en "German" ; :wasCreatedBy :GermanSpeakers ; :wnsense "german2n" ; :wordnet "german" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'German' in Wordnet: 2. (6) German, High German, German language - (the standard German language; developed historically from West Germanic) """ . :GermanPerson :guid "bd590c19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "German1n" ; :wordnet "German" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Germany, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'German' in WordNet: 1. (7) German - (a person of German nationality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Germany ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :GermanSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Germanium :guid "bd590b83-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "32"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ge1n", "germanium1n" ; :wordnet "Ge", "germanium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Germanium . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'germanium' in WordNet: 1. (3) germanium, Ge, atomic number 32 - (a brittle grey crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Germany :wnsense "Germany1n" ; :wordnet "Germany" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Germany' in WordNet: 1. (11) Germany, Federal Republic of Germany, Deutschland, FRG - (a republic in central Europe; split into East German and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990) """ . :Germinating :wnsense "bourgeon1v", "burgeon forth1v", "germinate1v", "pullulate3v", "shoot19v", "sprout1v", "spud2v" ; :wordnet "bourgeon", "burgeon forth", "germinate", "pullulate", "shoot", "sprout", "spud" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Germinating'' is the initial phase of growth of some plant or plant part. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'germinate' in WordNet: 1. (2) shoot, spud, germinate, pullulate, bourgeon, burgeon forth, sprout - (produce buds, branches, or germinate; 'the potatoes sprouted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, :GrowingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Sprout :Plant :PlantPart :PlantType :PlantPartType ) ] ] . :Gesso :enablesOrAssists :PaintingAPicture ; :isLocatedAtOrOn :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; :isaConstituentSubstanceOf :Coating ; :wnsense "gesso1n" ; :wordnet "gesso" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This might be considered a quantity of substance on a specific surface, but the usage suggests that it is viewed as the substance rather than as the object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gesso' in WordNet: 1. gesso - (gypsum or plaster of Paris spread on a surface to make it suitable for painting or gilding (or a surface so prepared)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gypsum, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtOrOn ] . :Gestation :wnsense "gestation1n" ; :wordnet "gestation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Biological process in which a Vertebrate progresses from a fertilized ovum (or Egg) to birth as a free-living organism. This applies to vertebrates, but for invertebrates a different path of development from the ovum requires a separate set of types and stages. This is the event of ''Pregnancy'' from the point of view of the developing Fetus. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'gestation' (the action, not the time period) in WordNet: 1. gestation, gestation period - (the period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, :GrowingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreeLiving ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GestationPeriod ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Uterus :Egg ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Fetus :Embryo :EmbryoOrFetus :OrganismType ) ] ] . :GestationPeriod :wnsense "gestation period1n", "gestation1n" ; :wordnet "gestation", "gestation period" ; a :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GestationPeriod'' is the LifeStage (a 'RelativeTime' interval) that a Mammal is in while it is in the Womb and prior to its ''BirthEvent'''. Although the term 'gestation' is used as a synonym for 'pregnancy', this concept is the ''GestationPeriod'' from the point of view of the Fetus, as is the Event of ''Gestation'' See also ''Gestation'' for the actual ''Action'' of development of the fetus. This is the TimeInterval. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'gestation' (the time period) in WordNet: 1. gestation, gestation period - (the period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pregnancy ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fetus ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Gesture :guid "bd590c05-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gesture1n", "gesture2n", "motion2n" ; :wordnet "gesture", "motion" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a ''Configuration'' of body parts. In COSMO, this is a Group of viewable objects. This differs from CYC usage. This is created by a ''MakingaGesture'' Action, which may create one or more distinguishable ''Configurations''. NOTE: the words ad synsets here are the same as for the 'Action' of making a gesture. @@ToDO: needs to be reorganized. CYC: A specialization of #$VisualInformationBearingThing. Each instance of #$Gesture is a configuration of body parts (usually animal body parts) that has some meaning to an observer with an understanding (whether explicit or instinctive) of the interpretive convention. A gesture may include some tool or prop. #$Gestures may be fleeting (e.g., a hello wave) or may last a long time (e.g., the gesture embodied in the #$StatueOfLiberty ). Note that, as defined in #$Cyc, a gesture is a meaningful configuration of body parts, NOT the #$Actions producing the arrangement. For representation of the actions, see #$MakingAGesture. NOTE that the WN sense of 'gesture indicate motions, whereas this is a Configuration of body parts. For the act of gesturing, use ''MakingAGesture''. The closest senses are noun senses 1 and 2 of 'gesture' in Wordnet: 1. (20) gesture - (motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling) 2. (4) gesture, motion - (the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Configuration, :Signal, :VisualInformationBearingThing . :GesturingWithTheHands :eng "beckoning" ; :wnsense "beckon3v" ; :wordnet "beckon" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GesturingWithTheHands'' is a ''MakingAGesture'' that uses one or both ''Hand's. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAGesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:maxCardinality "2" ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :Gesundheit :en "Gesundheit" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'interjection'. or 'Exclamation'? Used Similarly to 'God bless you'' when a Person sneezes - in German, means ''Health!''. (I wish you good health) RHW 'Gesundheit': (used to wish good health, esp. to a person who has just sneezed.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection . :GetStateBird :query """PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?state ?bird WHERE { ?state rdf:type cosmo:USA_State. ?state cosmo:has ?bird . ?bird rdf:type cosmo:StateBird} PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?bird ?state WHERE { ?state cosmo:has ?bird . ?bird rdf:type cosmo:StateBird} PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?bird WHERE { cosmo:StateOfNewJersey cosmo:has ?bird . ?bird rdf:type cosmo:StateBird} PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?point ?state ?ctxt WHERE { ?state cosmo:has ?point . ?point rdf:type cosmo:HighestPoint. ?point cosmo:existsInContext ?ctxt }""" ; a :SPARQL-Query . :GetTogether :en "get-together" ; :ldoce "meeting" ; :wnsense "get together1n", "meeting3n" ; :wordnet "get together", "meeting" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'get together' in WordNet: 3. (46) meeting, get together - (a small informal social gathering; 'there was an informal meeting in my living room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meeting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Informal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GetUniqueThing :query """ PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?state ?cat ?thing ?ctx WHERE { ?state cosmo:has ?thing. ?thing rdf:type cosmo:UniqueThingInaContext. ?thing cosmo:existsInContext ?ctx. ?thing rdf:type ?cat} """ ; a :SPARQL-Query . :Getaway :wnsense "getaway2n", "lam1n" ; :wordnet "getaway", "lam" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'getaway' in WordNet: 2. getaway, lam - (a rapid escape (as by criminals); 'the thieves made a clean getaway'; 'after the expose he had to take it on the lam') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EludingCapture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GettingAnAnswer a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GettingAnAnswer'' is a type of ''ReceivingInformation'' specifically caused by one party ''Answering'' a question posed by the one receiving the answer. This is *not* for 'getting an answer' by doing 'research' (library, laboratory, or field). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :ReceivingInformation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Asking :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Answering :ActionType ) ] ] . :GettingAnInjection :en "being injected", "getting an injection", "getting injected" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GettingAnInjection'' is a form of ''BiologicalIntakeEvent'' that is caused by ''Injecting'' rather than any other method of transferring materials to the inside of the body. This is the intransitive sense used to help distinguish various forms of taking materials into the body, and to relate ''InjectingOrInfusing'' from other pathways,especially from oral ingestion. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalIntakeEvent, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InjectingOrInfusing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :GettingBetter :ldoce "improve" ; :wnsense "ameliorate2v", "better3v", "improve2v", "meliorate2v" ; :wordnet "ameliorate", "better", "improve", "meliorate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GettingBetter'' is the *intransitive* Event in which something gets 'better' (improves) in some respect, for the benefit of some Agent who is affected by the Event. Corresponds to intransitive verb sense 2 of 'improve' in WordNet: 2. (12) better, improve, ameliorate, meliorate - (get better; 'The weather improved toward evening') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImprovementEvent ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :improves ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :GettingEngaged :wnsense "affiance1v", "betroth1v", "betrothal2v", "engage5v", "espousal2n" ; :wordnet "affiance", "betroth", "betrothal", "engage", "espousal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GettingEngaged'' is an ''AgreeingAction'' in which the thing agreed on is a ''Marrying'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'betrothal' in WordNet: 2. betrothal, espousal - (the act of becoming betrothed or engaged) WN But the verb 'engage' in WordNet is also used as a transitive verb: 5. (1) betroth, engage, affiance, plight - (give to in marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingEngaged ; owl:onProperty :initiatesState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Engagement ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :GettingEven :wnsense "get back3v", "get even2v", "getting even1n", "paying back1n", "return10n" ; :wordnet "get back", "get even", "getting even", "paying back", "return" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GettingEven'' is a ''Responding'' with intention to 'even a score' with some agent that one believes has gotten some advantage on oneself. The response may be any kind of getting even, including in games or sports. For revenge, see subtype 'Revenge'' The WN 'getting even' suggests a 'group action', but this type includes individuals or groups as the agent performing this. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'get even' in WordNet: 2. get even, get back - (take revenge or even out a score; 'I cannot accept the defeat-I want to get even') WN noun 'getting even': 1. return, paying back, getting even - (a reciprocal group action; 'in return we gave them as good as we got') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Responding . :GettingHotter :en "heating" ; :wnsense "heat up1v", "heat4v" ; :wordnet "heat", "heat up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GettingHotter'' is an intransitive ''BecomingEvent'' in which some Object or Substance increases its temperature, whether from external or internal causes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'heat up' in WordNet: 1. (2) heat, hot up, heat up - (gain heat or get hot; 'The room heated up quickly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :HeatingProcess, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hotter ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :GettingOutOfBed :en "get out of bed" ; :wnsense "arise7v", "get up1v", "rise10v", "turn out12v", "uprise8v" ; :wordnet "arise", "get up", "rise", "turn out", "uprise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GettingOutOfBed'' is an Action in which a Person who has been in bed gets out of bed and stands up.. 1331 Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'get up' in WordNet: 2. (6) get up, turn out, arise, uprise, rise - (get up and out of bed; 'I get up at 7 A.M. every day'; 'They rose early'; 'He uprose at night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StandingUp ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingAwake ; owl:onProperty :hasPrecondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Morning ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :GettingRidOfSomething :wnsense "elimination1n", "riddance1n" ; :wordnet "elimination", "riddance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GettingRidOfSomething'' is an Action in which something ''Unwanted'' is removed or (if an Action) stopped. 'get rid of the noise'; Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'riddance' in WordNet: 1. elimination, riddance - (the act of removing or getting rid of something) WN verb 'get rid of': 2. (3) eliminate, get rid of, do away with - (terminate or take out; 'Let's eliminate the course on Akkadian hieroglyphics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Burden ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :GettingSick :en "come down with illness", "come down with something", "coming down with an illness", "coming down with something", "declining", "fall sick", "falling sick", "get sick", "getting sick" ; :wnsense "come down4v", "sicken2v" ; :wordnet "come down", "sicken" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GettingSick'' is the Action (usually passive) in which some ''Animal'' becomes ill (acquires an ''AilmentCondition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sicken' in WordNet: 2. (1) sicken, come down - (get sick; 'She fell sick last Friday, and now she is in the hospital') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Development, :WorseningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentType ] . :GettingWet :en "become wet", "get wet", "getting wet" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GettingWet'' is an Event in which some SolidObject becomes ''Wet'', whether by an intentional ''Wetting'' Action or by some accicental or naturalprocess (such as being exposed to the Rain or other moving Water. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wet' in WordNet: 1. (4) wet - (cause to become wet; 'Wet your face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :ImpartingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wet ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingWet ; owl:onProperty :caused ] . :GettingaFeeling :wnsense "derive2v", "gain1v", "get1v" ; :wordnet "derive", "gain", "get" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GettingaFeeling'' is the Action of 'Acquiring' some feeling - satisfaction, pleasure, Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'derive' and sense 1 of 'get' in WordNet: 2. (11) derive, gain - (obtain; \"derive pleasure from one's garden\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Development, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ; owl:someValuesFrom :FeelingType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :GettingaRide :ldoce "lift", "ride" ; :wnsense "lift11n", "ride11n" ; :wordnet "lift", "ride" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GettingaRide' is a 'RidingAsAPassenger' in an automobile or other land motor vehicle (even a truck or motorcycle) in which the driver and passenger are not making the same trip together as a joint action, but in which the passenger is being transported as a side-effort of the driver's own activities (not in a vehicle for hire, as a taxicab). This is a representation of the phrase 'getting a lift', as one does from a friend who is doing it as a favor, or as a hitch-hiker. Usage: 'I got a ride to the airport with a co-worker'; 'My sister gave me a lift to the party'. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'lift' and part of sense 1 of 'ride' in WordNet: 11. lift - (a ride in a car; 'he gave me a lift home') WN noun 'ride': 1. (6) drive, ride - (a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile); 'he took the family for a drive in his new car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingAsAPassenger, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandTransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] ; owl:disjointWith :ControllingATransportationDevice . :Geyser :guid "be01133d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "geyser1n" ; :wordnet "geyser" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A spring which periodically emits steam and hot water. The water has been heated to boiling underground by lava, and is then forced up through the hole in the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geyser' in WordNet: 1. geyser - (a spring that discharges hot water and steam) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HotSpring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JetOfSteamAndWater ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Ghana :wnsense "Ghana1n" ; :wordnet "Ghana" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ghana' in WordNet: 1. (11) Germany, Federal Republic of Germany, Deutschland, FRG - (a republic in central Europe; split into East German and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990) """ . :Ghetto :wnsense "ghetto3n" ; :wordnet "ghetto" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for a generic 'ghetto' that is not necessarily created by legal restrictions. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'ghetto' in WordNet: 3. ghetto - (a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityArea . :Ghost :guid "133e7d94-a271-41d7-894c-fb51cfef3a8e" ; :wnsense "ghost3n" ; :wordnet "ghost" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Ghost' is the 'Soul' of a dead person, whether visible or not. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'ghost' in WordNet: 3. ghost - (the visible disembodied soul of a dead person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soul, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Apparition ; owl:onProperty :hasRepresentation ] . :Ghostly :isAnAttributeValueOf :Ghost, :Phantom ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingResembling :Ghost ; :pertainsTo :Ghost, :Phantom ; :wnsense "apparitional1adj", "ghostlike1adj", "ghostly1adj", "phantasmal1adj", "spectral2adj", "spiritual4adj" ; :wordnet "apparitional", "ghostlike", "ghostly", "phantasmal", "spectral", "spiritual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ghostly'' pertains to a ''Ghost'' or ''Phantom'' or things like noises or Events that suggest the presence of ''Ghost''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ghostly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) apparitional, ghostlike, ghostly, phantasmal, spectral, spiritual - (resembling or characteristic of a phantom; 'a ghostly face at the window'; 'a phantasmal presence in the room'; 'spectral emanations'; 'spiritual tappings at a seance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Giant :wnsense "giant1n", "heavyweight4n", "hulk1n", "whale1n" ; :wordnet "giant", "heavyweight", "hulk", "whale" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Giant'' is a Person of exeptionally large size. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'giant' in WordNet: 4. giant, hulk, heavyweight, whale - (a very large person; impressive in size or qualities) :""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GiantAnimal, :Person . :GiantAnimal :wnsense "giant1n" ; :wordnet "giant" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GiantAnimal'' is an animal of exeptionally large size. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'giant' in WordNet: 1. (6) giant - (any creature of exceptional size) :""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VeryLarge ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gibberish :wnsense "gibber1n", "gibberish1n" ; :wordnet "gibber", "gibberish" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gibberish' in WordNet: 1. gibberish, gibber - (unintelligible talking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nonsense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unintelligible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gibbon :guid "bd58aa21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Hylobates lar1n", "gibbon2n" ; :wordnet "Hylobates lar", "gibbon" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gibbon' in WordNet: 2. gibbon, Hylobates lar - (smallest and most perfectly anthropoid arboreal ape having long arms and no tail; of southern Asia and East Indies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnthropoidApe, :WildAnimal . :Gibbous :isAnAttributeValueOf :AstronomicalBody ; :wnsense "gibbose1adj", "gibbous2adj" ; :wordnet "gibbose", "gibbous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type takes the more general sense from RHW: 1. Astron. (of a heavenly body) convex at both edges, as the moon when more than half full. See diag. under moon. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'gibbous' in Wordnet: 2. gibbous, gibbose - ((used of the moon) more than half full) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convex . :Gibraltar :wnsense "Gibraltar1n" ; :wordnet "Gibraltar" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Gibraltar' in WordNet: 1. Gibraltar, Rock of Gibraltar, Calpe - (location of a colony of the United Kingdom on a limestone promontory at the southern tip of Spain; strategically important because it can control the entrance of ships into the Mediterranean; one of the Pillars of Hercules) """ . :Gift :guid "bf299371-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "gift" ; :wnsense "gift1n" ; :wordnet "gift" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Gift can be intangible such as a right, so it is not always a PhysicalObject; for Gifts that are PhysicalObjects given to individuals, use 'Present'. Every Gift is a thing given in some 'GivingaGift' event. A gift of an Event is considered in COSMO as a gift of a Right to participate in the Event. A 'Gift' in COSMO is any instance of a heterogeneous group of things. It could be an Object, a quantity of Money, or a gift of labor, donated to an individual person or to a good cause. Things do not change their essential nature if they are given freely for any purpose, therefore a Gift is considered as a Role. It is unclear how long that Role would last - is something always a Gift, once it is given as such? We hear the phrase 'it was a gift', suggesting that the gift role dissipates some time.after the giving occasion. Not completely resolved. NOTE that in COSMO a 'Prize' (something given as a result of a competition) is not a subtype of 'Gift', nor vice-versa. Cyc: The collection of all #$SomethingExistings that are #$objectGiven in a #$GiftGiving event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gift' in WordNet: 1. (8) gift - (something acquired without compensation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Role, :SomethingGiven, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GivingaGift ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Given ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gifted :wnsense "gifted1adj" ; :wordnet "gifted" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gifted'' is a higher degree of 'Talented',the attribute of someone who has an exceptionally high ability to perform some tasks,which may be mental or physical, and which require more than just physical strength. The term 'gifted' suggests that a substantial part of the talent exhibited was inborn rather than just learned. NOTE that in COSMO 'gifted' is considered as a higher level of ability than 'talented' Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'talented' in WordNet: 1. talented, gifted - (endowed with talent or talents; 'a gifted writer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Talented . :Giftedness :en "giftedness" ; :enn "giftedness" ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Gifted ; a :ActionType, :PersonalityTraitType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Giftedness'' is a ''Talent'' which includes an essential part that is 'Innate'' (inborn) rather than just learned. There are no WN or RHW entries specifically for 'giftedness'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Talent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gifted ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Gig :wnsense "gig6n" ; :wordnet "gig" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'gig' in WordNet: 6. gig - (a booking for musicians; 'they played a gig in New Jersey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Booking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmployee ; owl:someValuesFrom :Musician ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicAsaProfession ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Gig-Boat :uses :Oar ; :wnsense "gig1n" ; :wordnet "gig" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gig' in WordNet: 1. (1) gig - (long and light rowing boat; especially for racing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rowboat . :Gigantic :isMoreIntenseThan :Huge ; :isTheOppositeOf :Tiny ; :wnsense "gigantic1adj", "mammoth1adj" ; :wordnet "gigantic", "mammoth" ; a :AppearanceType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gigantic'' is a more intensive subtype of ''Huge'' (a subtype of ''Large'') - similar to ''Colossal'' with different usage. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gigantic' in Wordnet: 1. (9) gigantic, mammoth - (so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth; 'a gigantic redwood'; 'gigantic disappointment'; 'a mammoth ship'; 'a mammoth multinational corporation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Huge . :Giggle :wnsense "giggle1n" ; :wordnet "giggle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Giggle'' is the sound produced by somone ''Giggling''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'giggle' in WordNet: 1. (1) giggle - (a foolish or nervous laugh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Laughter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Giggling ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Giggling :wnsense "giggle1v", "titter1v" ; :wordnet "giggle", "titter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Giggling'' is a ''Mild'' ''Laughing'' that may express nervousness or just mild amusement, including amusement by another Person's making a mistake. Gentle and soft. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'giggle' in WordNet: 1. (4) giggle, titter - (laugh nervously; 'The girls giggled when the rock star came into the classroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Laughing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mild ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Giggle ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Gill :guid "bd58bd75-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "branchia1n", "gill4n" ; :wordnet "branchia", "gill" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Organ used for breathing under water by fish and some amphibians. This unit refers to the entire assembly, not a single gill slit. ??NOTE: anything other than Fish have gills? Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'gill' in WordNet: 4. gill, branchia - (respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :OrganicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Respiration ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fish ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Gin :guid "bd5889d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Colorless ; :wnsense "gin1n" ; :wordnet "gin" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gin' in WordNet: 1. gin - (strong liquor flavored with juniper berries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distillate, :Liquor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colorless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ginger :wnsense "ginger2n", "powdered ginger1n" ; :wordnet "ginger", "powdered ginger" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ginger' in WordNet: 2. ginger, powdered ginger - (dried ground gingerroot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Powder, :Spice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GingerRoot ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :GingerOrder :guid "bd58b01b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An order of plants within the monocot subclass." ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonocotSubclass . :GingerPlant :guid "bd58c82d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ginger1n" ; :wordnet "ginger" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ginger' in WordNet: 1. ginger - (perennial plants having thick branching aromatic rhizomes and leafy reedlike stems) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :GingerOrder, :Plant-NonWoody . :GingerRoot :wnsense "ginger3n", "gingerroot1n" ; :wordnet "ginger", "gingerroot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gingerroot' in WordNet: 1. ginger, gingerroot - (pungent rhizome of the common ginger plant; used fresh as a seasoning especially in Oriental cookery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rhizome, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GingerPlant ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :GingerbreadCake :wnsense "gingerbread1n" ; :wordnet "gingerbread" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GingerbreadCake' is a ''Cake'' (an Object) in which one of the ingredients is ginger. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gingerbread' in WordNet: 1. gingerbread - (cake flavored with ginger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cake, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :Gingerly :wnsense "gingerly1adj" ; :wordnet "gingerly" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gingerly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gingerly - (with extreme care or delicacy; 'they proceeded with gingerly footwork over the jagged stones'; 'the issue was handled only in a gingerly way'- W.S.White) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Careful . :Gingerlyly :wnsense "gingerly1adv" ; :wordnet "gingerly" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ID is ''Gingerlyly'' to avoid confusion with ''Gingerly'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'gingerly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gingerly - (in a gingerly manner; 'gingerly I raised the edge of the blanket') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carefully . :Ginkgo :guid "bd588314-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Ginkgo biloba1n", "gingko1n", "ginkgo1n", "maidenhair tree1n" ; :wordnet "Ginkgo biloba", "gingko", "ginkgo", "maidenhair tree" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A tree belonging to the species, Ginkgo biloba, which is the only extant species in the class, Ginkgopsida. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ginkgo' in WordNet: 1. (1) ginkgo, gingko, maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba - (deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeciduousPlant, :Tree . :Ginseng :guid "bd58b092-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Panax ginseng1n", "Panax schinseng1n", "ginseng2n", "nin-sin1n" ; :wordnet "Panax ginseng", "Panax schinseng", "ginseng", "nin-sin" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the HerbPlant. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ginseng' in WordNet: 2. ginseng, nin-sin, Panax ginseng, Panax schinseng, Panax pseudoginseng - (Chinese herb with palmately compound leaves and small greenish flowers and forked aromatic roots believed to have medicinal powers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant, :Plant-NonWoody . :GinsengRootPowder :wnsense "ginseng1n" ; :wordnet "ginseng" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :GranularSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''GinsengRootPowder'' is the powdered root of the ''Ginseng'' plant, considered to have medicinal properties. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ginseng' in WordNet: 1. ginseng - (aromatic root of ginseng plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveSubstance, :DrugSubstance, :Powder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ginseng ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Ginza :isLocatedAt :Tokyo ; :isaSpatialPartOf :Tokyo ; a :CityArea . :Giraffe :wnsense "giraffe1n" ; :wordnet "giraffe" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'giraffe' in Wordnet: 1. giraffe, camelopard, Giraffa camelopardalis - (tallest living quadruped; having a spotted coat and small horns and very long neck and legs; of savannahs of tropical Africa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoofedMammal, :Ruminant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tall ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spotted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongNecked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongLegged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Girl :ldoce "girl" ; :wnsense "girl1n", "girl2n" ; :wordnet "girl" ; a :LifeStageType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Girl is a female HumanYouth - a female human under 18 years of age. Includes senses 1 and 2 if 'girl' in WordNet: 1. (80) girl, miss, missy, young lady, young woman, fille - (a young woman; a young lady of 18) 2. (57) female child, girl, little girl - (a youthful female person; the baby was a girl; the girls were just learning to ride a tricycle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :HumanYouth . :GirlFriend :wnsense "girlfriend1n" ; :wordnet "girlfriend" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''GirlFriend'' is a ''FemalePerson'' (usually young) who is a''Friend'' of the same Person (usually male) of whom she is the ''GirlFriend''. This term can apply to persons over age 18 (but not too much over) , so she is not necessarily a COSMO ''Girl''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'girlfriend' in WordNet: 2. (1) girlfriend, girl, lady friend - (a girl or young woman with whom a man is romantically involved;'his girlfriend kicked him out') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :Friend, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Friendship ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :GirlScouts :wnsense "Girl Scouts1n" ; :wordnet "Girl Scouts" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Scouts'' organization for young girls. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Girl Scouts' in Wordnet: 1. Girl Scouts - (an organization of young women and girls founded in 1912 for character development and citizenship training) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScoutingOrganization . :Gist :ldoce "gist" ; :wnsense "gist1n", "gist2n" ; :wordnet "gist" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Gist' is a brief assertion (which can be a Group of Propositions) that contains the most important parts of a larger Assertion, but is smaller than a Summary by at least a factor of two. The most important points of a Proposition may not be able to be compressed into such a smaller form, in which case the larger Proposition may have a Summary, or may be even too small to summarize (as in a simple sentence). Corresponds to both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'gist' in WordNet: 1. effect, essence, burden, core, gist - (the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work) 2. kernel, substance, core, center, essence, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, marrow, meat, nub, pith, sum, nitty-gritty - (the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience; 'the gist of the prosecutor's argument'; 'the heart and soul of the Republican Party'; 'the nub of the story') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Summary . :Given :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :GivingEvent ; :wnsense "given2adj" ; :wordnet "given" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Given'' is an attribute of something that is the object of a 'GivingEvent''. Things that are 'given' are usually labeled by different terms - e.g. a ''Gift''. On thing that si specificaly called 'given' is a 'given name' - distinguished from a 'family name' that is inherited in many cultures. See also related relation ''wasTransferredInEvent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'given' in WordNet: 2. given - (having possession delivered or transferred without compensation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :GivenNameString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GivenNameString is a NameString that was created as an Identifier for some person, at birth or by some legal process, that is not the family name or surname. In some cultures a person may have only one name, and this name will be the Type to use in that case. In forms 'first name' often means 'GivenNameString'. A particular GivenNameString may be the GivenName for many people."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :NameString . :Giver :wnsense "giver2n" ; :wordnet "giver" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Giver'' is the ''LegalAgent'' who gives *something* to another ''LegalAgent'' without requiring anything in return - a 'free gift'. The one receiving the gift is the recipient. A gift to some non-profit organization that has multiple ''Givers'' will be classed as a ''Donation'' given by a ''Donor''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'giver' in WordNet: 2. donor, giver, presenter, bestower, conferrer - (person who makes a gift of property) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GivingaGift ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :GivingAnAllowance :en "provide an allowance", "providing an allowance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of providing an allowance. The reason for the ''Allowance'' can be various, so the restriction requires specifying the reason, but does not limit the type of the reason. One reason may be the general sense of ''ProvidingMaterialSupport''. Another could be 'reimbursement' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Allowance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :GivingBack :en "returning" ; :wnsense "give back1v", "return1n" ; :wordnet "give back", "return" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GivingBack'' is a ''GivingEvent'' in which the motivation for the giving is some prior ''GivingEvent'' in which the donor in the second event is the recipient in the first event; the thing given in return need not be of the same kind or monetary value as the initial thing given, and this need not be returning something borrowed, though it can be. The 'giving' in either direction can be of any ''ValuableThing'' including time, labor, moral support, money, or anything that can cause a feeling of gratitude or obligation. 'returning a favor' is one of many possible scenarios. For a 'giving that is part of an Exchange use ''ReciprocalAction''. This ''GivingBack'' differs from 'ReciprocalAction'' in that the thing given back is essentially the same as that received, such as a borrowed item (Money is fungible, any given quantity is treated as the same thing). Includes verb senses 2, 6, 7, and 10 of 'return' in Wordnet: 2. (16) render, return - (give back; 'render money') 6. (2) return - (return in kind; 'return a compliment'; 'return her love') 7. (2) return - (make a return; 'return a kickback') 10. (1) refund, return, repay, give back - (pay back; 'Please refund me my money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GivingEvent ] . :GivingCredit :en "crediting", "give credit", "give credit to", "giving credit", "giving credit to" ; :wnsense "credit1v", "credit2v" ; :wordnet "credit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GivingCredit'' is an ''AssigningResponsibility'' event in which an Agent asserts that some Agent (which could be the agent speaking) is responsible for causing some good Event to happen. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'credit' in WordNet: 1. (4) credit - (give someone credit for something; 'We credited her for saving our jobs') 2. (3) accredit, credit - (give credit for; 'She was not properly credited in the program') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningResponsibility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :CreditSituation ] . :GivingEvent :ldoce "gift", "give" ; :wnsense "gift3n", "give3v" ; :wordnet "gift", "give" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GivingEvent is any of a variety of Actions in which an IntelligentAgent gives something physical, to somebody else. losing possession of the thing transferred during the action.. For transfers of abstract things like information or names that are not lost in the process of ginving, use 'GivingSomethingAbstract', 'GeneralizedTransfer' or the more specific 'Providing'. This differs from the more general 'Providing' in that the thing given must be given to an Agent (not, e.g. 'furnishing' a room with decorations), and it must be a PhysicalObject or a PhysicalSubstance (such as Food), or something valuable such as a Right or ownership share, or an award such as an acadeic degree.. For the more abstract 'giving' (names, access, information) use 'Providing'. To qualify as an instance of this type, thing given must be given freely, without expectation of compensation. This type includes 'GivingaPrize', where the thing given is given as a result of the recipient being a winner in a competition (which includes lotteries). @ToDo This sense may be better removed as a subtype and made a sister type? The thing given will tyhpically be a Gift or a Prize, but other things may also be given (as of rev821). For the act of giving a name to something, use 'Naming'. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'give' in RHW: 1. to present voluntarily and without expecting compensation; bestow: to give a birthday present to someone. NOTE that this is intended to cover transfer of physical objects, but to allow representing a transfer of some unspecified quantity of a substance, the transferred item can be a PhysicalSubstance (in instance of SubstanceType). This can represent 'Jack gave mary some candy', allowing an inspecified amount of candy to be represented as the substance 'candy'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'give' and noun sense 3 of 'gift' in WordNet - the part in which a PhysicalObject or ValuableThing is transferred (lessons are not 'transfered', as the original owner does not lose possession).: in WordNet: 3. (97) give - (transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody; 'I gave her my money'; 'can you give me lessons?'; 'She gave the children lots of love and tender loving care') WN 'gift': 3. (2) giving, gift - (the act of giving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfPossession, :Providing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadGiver ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :ValuableThing :SubstanceType :ObjectType ) ] ] . :GivingSomethingAbstract :ldoce "give" ; :wnsense "give3v" ; :wordnet "give" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GivingSomethingAbstract' is a GeneralizedTransfer in which an agent gives something to another agent that is not a PhysicalObject. Examples are Money, academic degrees, other honors, information or donated labor, This is necessarily a''GoodThing'' as the thing given may not be beneficial to the recipient (e.g. 'bad news'). For acts of giving of Physical things, use 'GivingEvent'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'give' in WordNet - the part in which a PhysicalObject or ValuableThing is transferred (lessons are not 'transfered', as the original owner does not lose possession).: in WordNet: 3. (97) give - (transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody; 'I gave her my money'; 'can you give me lessons?'; 'She gave the children lots of love and tender loving care') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :GeneralizedTransfer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GenericAgent ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractEntity :ValuableThing :WorkingEvent :InformationBearingThing :Action :ActionType :EmittableThingType :InformationType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :GivingaGift :ldoce "give" ; :wnsense "give3v" ; :wordnet "give" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GivingEvent in which the thing given is a 'Gift' (rather than a Prize - see 'GivingaPrize'). Corresponds to a part of verb sense 3 of 'give' in WordNet: 3. (97) give - (transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody; 'I gave her my money'; 'can you give me lessons?'; 'She gave the children lots of love and tender loving care') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, :TransferringOwnership, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Gift ] . :GivingaHeadsUp :en "give a heads up", "giving a heads up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GivingaHeadsUp'' is a Communication from some IntelligentAgent (which could be an Organization) that some Event (a ''PossibleFutureSituation'') may occur soon that will require a response from the Person(s) to whom the ''HeadsUp'' is directed. This is broader than the subtype ''WarningAction'' in that the ''PossibleFutureSituation'' that is the Topic of the Communication is not necessarily a ''PossibleFutureDanger''. NOTE that WordNet has this subtype relation inverted, where a 'heads up' is a subtype rather than parent of a 'warning'. Logically, if a ''HeadsUp'' can inform of a non-dangerous situation,it must be a parent, not a subtype. No corresponding WN verb, though the WN noun 'heads up' is close to COSMO element ''HeadsUp''. @ToDo rev1433: this should be restricted to actions of Person(s) as generators of the ''HeadsUp, but but that may conflict with making ''WarningAction'' as a subtype. Some more analysis is needed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationAct-Single, :HumanActivity, :Informing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeadsUp ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeadsUp ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :GivingaPerformanceBonus a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GivingaPerformanceBonus'' is a ''GivingEvent'' in which the thing given is a ''PerformanceBonus'' and the recipient is some ''Employee'', nd the giver is some ''Organization''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :PerformanceBonus ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :Employee ] . :GivingaPrize :ldoce "give" ; :wnsense "award1v", "give3v" ; :wordnet "award", "give" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GivingEvent in which the thing given is a 'Prize' (rather than a Gift - see 'GivingaGift'). The Prize is something givenbecause the recipient won some kind of competition (e.g. atheltic competition or a lottery). Corresponds to a part of verb sense 3 of 'give' and part of sense 1 of 'award' in WordNet in WordNet: 3. (97) give - (transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody; 'I gave her my money'; 'can you give me lessons?'; 'She gave the children lots of love and tender loving care') WN 'award': 1. (7) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Prize ] . :GivingaReward :CYC "Rewarding" ; :eng "rewarding" ; :guid "bd58f615-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "reward" ; :wnsense "reward1v", "reward3v" ; :wordnet "reward" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GivingaReward' is a GeneralizedTransfer in which an agent gives something to another agent as a consideration for the receiving agent having performed some Action of value to the giving agent. A reward is usually a ValuableThing or a PhysicalObject, but may be as abstract as some honor, e.g. 'employee of the Month', with no monetary value. A Job may be a reward, so rewards are not limited to Objects. An instance of 'GivingaReward' can be hypothetical or proposed, and such a proposed Event would be the Event referred to in an instance of 'OfferingaReward'. For acts of giving of Physical things, use 'GivingEvent'. In Cyc called 'Rewarding'. Includes to parts of verb senses 1 and 3 of 'reward' in WordNet: 1. (1) honor, honour, reward - - (bestow honor or rewards upon; 'Today we honor our soldiers'; 'The scout was rewarded for courageous action') 3. reward, repay, pay back - - (act or give recompense in recognition of someone's behavior or actions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :AbstractEntity :ValuableThing ) ] ] . :GivingaRight :en "entitling" ; :wnsense "entitle1v" ; :wordnet "entitle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GivingaRight'' is a GivingEvent in which the thing given ''Right'' which is an ''Entitlement'' (a form of permission, which may be legally binding or valid only within some group of people or in some location) to (1) perform some Action without negative consequences (though there are likely negative consequences if done without that permission) or (2) to request and receive something from an Agent over whom the giving Agent has authority (commonly, a Government). There can be subtle nuances of this act and its consequences,but the single word 'entitle' most closely expresses the most general meaning: Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'entitle' in WordNet: 1. (17) entitle - (give the right to; 'The Freedom of Information Act entitles you to request your FBI file') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Right ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Entitlement ] . :Glacier :guid "be00fcc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glacier1n" ; :wordnet "glacier" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A very slowly moving (practically stationary) thick sheet of ice which expands down a slope or out from the center (see my spec #$Icecap). This is essentially a river of ice. If it is no longer heavy enough to move, it will no longer qualify - it would be a 'former glacier'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glacier' in WordNet: 1. (1) glacier - (a slowly moving mass of ice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfIce, :LandTopographicalFeature, :Layer, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Glad :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Happiness ; :ldoce "glad" ; :wnsense "glad2adj", "happy3adj" ; :wordnet "glad", "happy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Glad'' in the sense of 'glad to help' conveys not only ''Willingness'' but that the thing that someone is 'glad' to do would give that Person pleasure, beause s/he gets satisfaction from helping that person. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'glad' in Wordnet: 2. (1) glad, happy - (eagerly disposed to act or to be of service; 'glad to help') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Happy, :Willing . :Gladiola :guid "bd588ccd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glad1n", "gladiola1n", "gladiolus1n", "sword lily1n" ; :wordnet "glad", "gladiola", "gladiolus", "sword lily" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Flowering plants of the Iris family native in Europe, Africa, and the Medit. area. Widely cultivated for cut flowers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gladiola' in WordNet: 1. gladiolus, gladiola, glad, sword lily - (any of numerous plants of the genus Gladiolus native chiefly to tropical and South Africa having sword-shaped leaves and one-sided spikes of brightly colored funnel-shaped flowers; widely cultivated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant, :IrisOrder . :Gladiolus :guid "bd6de201-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "corpus sternum1n", "gladiolus2n" ; :wordnet "corpus sternum", "gladiolus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gladiolus' in WordNet: 2. gladiolus, corpus sternum - (the large central part of the breastbone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoneSubPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sternum ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Gladly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Glad ; :wnsense "fain1adv", "gladly1adv", "lief1adv" ; :wordnet "fain", "gladly", "lief" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gladly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify an assertion about performing some Action to assert that the action was not only performed in a ''Willing'' manner, but that the thing that someone is 'Willing' to do would make that Person ''Glad'', beause s/he gets satisfaction from helping the person needing or requesting that Action. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'gladly' in Wordnet: 1. gladly, lief, fain - (in a willing manner; 'this was gladly agreed to'; 'I would fain do it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Willingly . :Glamor :guid "bd58aa2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :takesValue :AttractivenessValue ; :wnsense "glamor1n", "glamour1n" ; :wordnet "glamor", "glamour" ; a :GroupType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Glamor'' is an AttributeType that applies to people and includes visual atractiveness as well as popularity attributes such as being huorous, and other elements of 'charm'. A combination of traits. Difficult to specify aything that is a necessary component. CYC 'Glamour': The collection of attributes that describe some combination of a person's socially recognized charm, appealingness, fascination, allure, popularity, stylishness, and sexiness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glamor' in WordNet: 1. (1) glamor, glamour - (alluring beauty or charm (often with sex-appeal)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attractiveness . :Glamorous :isTheOppositeOf :Boring, :Dull ; :wnsense "glamorous1adj", "glamourous1adj" ; :wordnet "glamorous", "glamourous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'glamorous' in Wordnet: 1. glamorous, glamourous - (having an air of allure, romance and excitement; \"glamorous movie stars\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exciting . :Glancing :en "gander", "glacing", "peeking" ; :wnsense "coup d'oeil1n", "glance1n", "glance1v", "glimpse1n", "glimpse1v", "peek1v" ; :wordnet "coup d'oeil", "glance", "glimpse", "peek" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Glancing'' is a brief ''Looking''. This includes the slang 'gander: RHW: 2. Slang. a look: Take a gander at his new shoes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'glance' and verb sense 1 of 'glimpse' in WordNet: 1. (34) glance, peek, glint - (throw a glance at; take a brief look at; 'She only glanced at the paper'; 'I only peeked-I didn't see anything interesting') WN noun 'glance': 1. (31) glance, glimpse, coup d'oeil - (a quick look) WN verb 'glimpse': 1. (5) glimpse - (catch a glimpse of or see briefly; 'We glimpsed the Queen as she got into her limousine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gland :guid "c0fdefc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gland1n" ; :wordnet "gland" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An Organ that removes Substances from the Blood, alters them in some way, and then releases them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gland' in Wordnet: 1. (6) gland, secretory organ, secretor, secreter - (any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan . :GlandularDisease :wnsense "adenosis1n", "gland disease1n", "glandular disease1n", "glandular disorder1n" ; :wordnet "adenosis", "gland disease", "glandular disease", "glandular disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glandular disease' in WordNet: 1. glandular disease, gland disease, glandular disorder, adenosis - (a disorder of the glands of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UpsetCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gland ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :Glare :wnsense "blaze4n", "brilliance1n", "glare1n" ; :wordnet "blaze", "brilliance", "glare" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Glare'' is an intense 'Brightness' caused by reflection of some intense light, usually that of the sun. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glare' in WordNet: 1. (5) glare, blaze, brilliance - (great brightness; 'a glare of sunlight'; 'the flowers were a blaze of color') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brightness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrilliantlyLighted ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Glaring :wnsense "glare1v", "glare2n", "glower1n", "glower1v" ; :wordnet "glare", "glower" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Glaring'' is a ''Staring'' Action in which the agent doing the ''Staring'' appears to be angry. RHW: 5. to stare with a fiercely or angrily piercing look. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glare' in WordNet: 1. (9) glower, glare - (look at with a fixed gaze; 'The girl glared at the man who tried to make a pass at her') WN noun 'glare': 1. glare, glower - (an angry stare) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Staring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExhibitingAnger ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GlaringLight :wnsense "glare3v" ; :wordnet "glare" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GlaringLight''is a ''ShiningLight' Event in which the intensity of the light is enough be uncomfortable to look at directly. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'glare' in WordNet: 3. glare - (shine intensely; 'The sun glared down on us') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShiningLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GlasgowArea :isSmallerThan :Scotland ; a :CityRegion . :GlasgowScotland :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :GlasgowArea ; :inContext :Scotland ; a :CapitalCity, :LargestCityByPopulation, :LargestThingInaContext, :UniqueThingInaContext . :Glass :ldoce "glass" ; :wnsense "glass1n" ; :wordnet "glass" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO this is a Substance, though in Cyc it is an Object.For the Cyc Object, see 'GlassObject'. Cyc: A specialization of #$InorganicStuff. Each instance of #$Glass is a piece of glass; e.g., a wine bottle, a plate glass window, a microscope slide, a crystal water goblet, or the mirrors of a reflecting telescope. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glass' in WordNet: 1. (24) glass - (a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicMaterial, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brittle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GlassBottle :en "glass bottle" ; :guid "bd58ecdf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Bottles made of glass" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bottle, :GlassObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glass ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :GlassFiber :wnsense "glass fiber1n", "glass fibre1n" ; :wordnet "glass fiber", "glass fibre" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long fiber of glass, thin enough to be flexible. Corresponds to part ('optical fiber' is a subtype) of noun sense 1 of 'optical fiber' in WordNet: 1. optical fiber, glass fiber, optical fibre, glass fibre - (a very thin fiber made of glass that functions as a waveguide for light; used in bundles to transmit images) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glass ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :GlassFul :isTheQuantityThatWillFillA :DrinkingGlass ; :ldoce "glass" ; :wnsense "glass3n", "glassful1n" ; :wordnet "glass", "glassful" ; a :ContainerFull ; rdfs:comment """A 'GlassFul' is the quantity that will fill a container called a 'Glass', not much different from a 'Cupful'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'glass' in WordNet: 3. (7) glass, glassful - (the quantity a glass will hold) """ . :GlassLens :en "glass lens" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A ''Lens-Artificial'' made of ''Glass''." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lens-Artificial, :ShapedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glass ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :GlassObject :guid "bd5886fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO this is the Object termed 'Glass' in Cyc. In COSMO, 'Glass' is a Substance. Cyc: A specialization of #$InorganicStuff. Each instance of #$Glass is a piece of glass; e.g., a wine bottle, a plate glass window, a microscope slide, a crystal water goblet, or the mirrors of a reflecting telescope.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glass ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brittle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GlassRoof :en "glass roof" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GlassRoof'' is a ''Roof'' that consists mostly of ''PlateGlass'', as in a ''Greenhouse''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roof, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlateGlass ; owl:onProperty :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :GlassStem :wnsense "stem3n" ; :wordnet "stem" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GlassStem'' is an ''ArtifactStem'' that is the vertical shaft-like part of some types of ''DrinkingGlass''. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'stem' (this is for vertical supporting stems)in WordNet: 3. (2) shank, stem - (cylinder forming a long narrow part of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactStem, :GlassObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkingGlass ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :GlassWool :hasQualitativeAttribute :Fluffy ; :hasUnitObject :GlassFiber ; :wnsense "glass wool1n" ; :wordnet "glass wool" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glass wool' in WordNet: 1. glass wool - (glass fibers spun and massed into bundles resembling wool) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InsulatingSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fluffy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Glaucoma :guid "bf3b1c3b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glaucoma1n" ; :wordnet "glaucoma" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glaucoma' in WordNet: 1. (1) glaucoma - (increased pressure in the eyeball due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor; damages the optic disc and impairs vision (sometimes progressing to blindness)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :EyeDisease . :GlazingAnObject :wnsense "glaze1v" ; :wordnet "glaze" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GlazingAnObject'' is an Action in which an agent applies some form of 'glaze' to the surface of some Object, and allows or causes it to harden. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glaze' in WordNet: 1. (6) glaze - (coat with a glaze; 'the potter glazed the dishes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface, :CoveringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FoodGlaze :MetalGlaze :CeramicGlaze ) ] ] . :Glider :guid "bd8040ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glider1n", "sailplane1n" ; :wordnet "glider", "sailplane" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all unpowered steerable aircraft with lift surfaces designed for extended periods of gliding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glider' in WordNet: 1. glider, sailplane - (aircraft supported only by the dynamic action of air against its surfaces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :FixedWingAircraft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpowered ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GliderChair :en "glider chair" ; :enn "glider chair" ; :guid "bf0f6226-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$GliderChairs. A #$GliderChair is a type of #$Chair-PieceOfFurniture which is similar to a #$RockingChair. The difference is that a #$GliderChair's base stays firmly on the ground while the seat 'glides' back and forth. This collection is an element of #$ChildrensFurnitureMarketCategory because #$GliderChairs are often found in #$Nursery-BabysRooms where they are used by mothers to nurse their babies.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chair . :Gliding :guid "c0f5e89d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glide2v", "gliding1n" ; :wordnet "glide", "gliding" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Gliding through the air. This includes active (controlling a glider) and passive senses. CYC The collection of all instances of #$Locomotion-Air in which the #$primaryObjectMoving does not expend significant energy to go faster or higher, although energy may be expended to maintain tautness of its wings, etc.. The movement of air particles under it slow its fall or even push it upwards, while the pull of gravity is translated into forward motion. Such flight generally cannot be sustained for arbitrary lengths of time. The #$primaryObjectMoving may be an animal or other natural object, or an #$Artifact. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'glide' and noun sense 1 of 'gliding' in Wordnet: 2. glide - (fly in or as if in a glider plane) WN noun 'gliding': 1. glide, gliding, sailplaning, soaring, sailing - (the activity of flying a glider) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocomotionProcess, :MovementThroughAir, :RidingInAnAirplane . :GlidingJoint :wnsense "articulatio plana1n", "gliding joint1n" ; :wordnet "articulatio plana", "gliding joint" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GlidingJoint'' is a type of ''SynovialJoint'' (derived from WordNet). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gliding joint' in WordNet: 1. gliding joint, articulatio plana - (a freely moving joint in which the articulations allow only gliding motions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SynovialJoint . :Glimmer :wnsense "gleam2n", "gleaming1n", "glimmer1n" ; :wordnet "gleam", "gleaming", "glimmer" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Glimmer'' is a faint ''Flicker' of light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glimmer' in WordNet: 1. (1) gleam, gleaming, glimmer - (a flash of light (especially reflected light)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlashOfLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Glistening :eng "glistening", "glittering" ; :wnsense "gleam1v", "glint1v", "glisten1v", "glitter1v", "shine5v" ; :wordnet "gleam", "glint", "glisten", "glitter", "shine" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LightPropagationEvent' in which some object gives off reflected light and appears to be smooth-surfaced and shiny. 'all that glitters is not gold'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glisten' in WordNet: 1. (3) glitter, glisten, glint, gleam, shine - (be shiny, as if wet; 'His eyes were glistening') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShiningByReflection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reflecting ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Glittering :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Glistening ; :wnsense "aglitter1adj", "coruscant1adj", "fulgid1adj", "glinting1adj", "glistering1adj", "glittering1adj", "glittery1adj", "scintillant1adj", "scintillating3adj", "sparkly2adj" ; :wordnet "aglitter", "coruscant", "fulgid", "glinting", "glistering", "glittering", "glittery", "scintillant", "scintillating", "sparkly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'glittering' in Wordnet: 1. (6) aglitter, coruscant, fulgid, glinting, glistering, glittering, glittery, scintillant, scintillating, sparkly - (having brief brilliant points or flashes of light; 'bugle beads all aglitter'; 'glinting eyes'; 'glinting water'; 'his glittering eyes were cold and malevolent'; 'shop window full of glittering Christmas trees'; 'glittery costume jewelry'; 'scintillant mica'; 'the scintillating stars'; 'a dress with sparkly sequins'; '`glistering' is an archaic term') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expressive . :GlobOfGoo :en "glob of goo" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GlobOfGoo'' is some quantity of a sticky (gooey) substance (a piece of ''Gook''). It is a PhysicalObject. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sticky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gook ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Global :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt :Earth ; :pertainsTo :Earth ; :wnsense "global1adj", "planetary4adj", "world-wide1adj", "world-wide2adj", "world1adj", "worldwide1adj", "worldwide2adj" ; :wordnet "global", "planetary", "world", "world-wide", "worldwide" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Global'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to the whole Earth ; of or pertaining to the whole Earth. RHW . pertaining to the whole world; worldwide; universal: the dream of global peace. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'global' in WordNet: 1. (1) global, planetary, world, worldwide, world-wide - (involving the entire earth; not limited or provincial in scope; 'global war'; 'global monetary policy'; 'neither national nor continental but planetary'; 'a world crisis'; 'of worldwide significance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GlobalWarming :wnsense "global warming1n" ; :wordnet "global warming" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GlobalWarming\"'' is a ''GettingHotter'' in which the Object getting hotter is the ''EarthsAtmosphere''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'global warming' in WordNet: 1. global warming - (an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :HeatingProcess, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :heats ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmittingCarbonDioxide ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :GlobalWarmingEvent :guid "c121f699-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "global warming1n" ; :wordnet "global warming" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: an Event - the global warming during any given interval of Time. Cyc: Collection of global warming events. A global warming event is a general warming of the average temperature of the Earth. heating, warming Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'global warming' in WordNet: 1. global warming - (an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingProcess, :WeatherEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :heats ] . :Globalization :wnsense "globalisation1n", "globalization1n" ; :wordnet "globalisation", "globalization" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Globalization'' is a ''MacroeconomicEvent'' in which individual commercial Organizations or economic activities that are located solely or primarily in one or a few countries become more widely dspersed throughout the world. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'globalization' in WordNet: 1. globalization, globalisation - (growth to a global or worldwide scale; 'the globalization of the communication industry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroeconomicEvent . :Globally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Global ; :wnsense "globally1adv" ; :wordnet "globally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Globally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives to assert that the adjective applies to types of Objects or Actions that are located or occur at multiple locations areound the Earth. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'globally' in Wordnet: 1. globally - (throughout the world; 'this is globally significant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Glockenspiel :guid "bd638f32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glockenspiel1n", "orchestral bells1n" ; :wordnet "glockenspiel", "orchestral bells" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A set of ''Chimes'', a ''PercussionInstrument'', that may be used in an Orchestra. CYC: percussion instrument made of metal bars that are struck with a hammer ?? what are the individual metal bars called?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glockenspiel' in WordNet: 1. glockenspiel, orchestral bells - (a percussion instrument consisting of a set of graduated metal bars mounted on a frame and played with small hammers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chimes, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orchestra ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Gloominess :guid "bd58a5d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gloom2n", "gloominess2n", "somberness2n", "sombreness2n" ; :wordnet "gloom", "gloominess", "somberness", "sombreness" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Gloominess'' is a more intensive form of ''Melancholy''. CYC: Low spirits; Depression. Without cheerfulness or optimism Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gloom' in WordNet: 2. (1) gloom, gloominess, somberness, sombreness - (a feeling of melancholy apprehension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Melancholy . :Gloomy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :PhysicalSituation ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Despair ; :wnsense "darkening2adj", "gloomy1adj", "grim6adj" ; :wordnet "darkening", "gloomy", "grim" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gloomy'' is the attribute of something causing ''Despair''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gloomy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gloomy, grim, darkening - (characterized by hopelessness; filled with gloom; 'gloomy at the thought of what he had to face'; 'gloomy predictions'; 'a gloomy silence'; 'took a grim view of the economy'; 'the darkening mood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Glorified :isMoreIntenseThan :Honored ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingRecognized ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Honoring ; :ldoce "glory" ; :wnsense "glorified1adj", "glory1n" ; :wordnet "glorified", "glory" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having exceptionally high respect from most members of the community. This is a higher level of recognition than being ''Honored''. Having the status of 'Glorified' is equivalent to being in a state of 'Glory'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glory' in and adjective sense 1 of 'glorified' in WordNet: 1. (9) glory, glorification - (a state of high honor; 'he valued glory above life itself') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Honored, :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Glorifying :wnsense "extol1v", "glorify1v", "laud1v", "proclaim1v" ; :wordnet "extol", "glorify", "laud", "proclaim" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Glorifying'' is an intensive form of ''Praising'' that may be exaggerated. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glorify' in WordNet: 1. (4) laud, extol, exalt, glorify, proclaim - (praise, glorify, or honor; 'extol the virtues of one's children'; 'glorify one's spouse's cooking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Praising . :Gloss :wnsense "burnish1n", "gloss3n", "glossiness1n", "polish1n" ; :wordnet "burnish", "gloss", "glossiness", "polish" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """+ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'gloss' in WordNet: 3. polish, gloss, glossiness, burnish - (the property of being smooth and shiny) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Radiance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smooth ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reflective ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Glossary :wnsense "glossary1n" ; :wordnet "glossary" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Glossary is a list of terms and accompanying definitions used in some specific field of knowledge or other restricted context. It is less comprehensive than a dictionary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glossary' in Wordnet: 1. (3) glossary, gloss - (an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge; usually published as an appendix to a text on that field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowledgeOrganizationSystem . :Glottis :guid "bd58e4df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glottis1n" ; :wordnet "glottis" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all glottises (or 'glottides'). An individual #$Glottis is a unique part of a #$Person or other #$Vertebrate which consists of the #$VocalCords and the space between them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glottis' in WordNet: 1. glottis - (the vocal apparatus of the larynx; the true vocal folds and the space between them where the voice tone is generated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Portal, :SpeechOrgan . :Glove :guid "bd58b3b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glove2n" ; :wordnet "glove" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of individual gloves, a kind of paired clothing accessory worn on the hands for decoration and/or to protect the hands from damage due to harsh environmental conditions. SUMO: Clothing that is intended to be worn on the Hand. Note that this class covers both gloves which have individual compartments for each of the Fingers and mittens. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'glove' in WordNet: 2. glove - (handwear: covers the hand and wrist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :ClothingItem, :EnvelopingCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Gloved :guid "0876bd8e-6e9e-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :WearingGloves ; :wnsense "gloved1adj" ; :wordnet "gloved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Gloved' is the AttributeValue specifying that a Person is performing ''WearingGloves''. CYC: All #$Persons with #$Gloves covering their #$Hands. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gloved' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gloved - (having the hands covered with gloves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Glowing :en "glowing" ; :enadj "glowing" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :EmittingaGlow ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: RHW has 'glowing' as 'incandescent' but fireflies glow and are not incandescent. This is broader than the RHW sense. RHW 'glowing': 1. incandescent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :GlowingHotObject :en "glowing hot object", "hot object", "incandescent object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GlowingHotObject'' is a ''HotObject'' that is ''RedHot'' or hotter such that it gives off ''Incandescence''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HotObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incandescence ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RedHot ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Glucocorticoid :guid "c01059b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glucocorticoid1n" ; :wordnet "glucocorticoid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A class of #$Hormones which affect protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glucocorticoid' in WordNet: 1. glucocorticoid - (a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex of animals; affects functioning of gonads and has anti-inflammatory activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corticosteroid . :Glucose :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C6H12O6 ; :wnsense "glucose1n" ; :wordnet "glucose" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A carbohydrate with one ring, which is one of the two linked monosaccharide components of common table sugar. RHW: a sugar, C6H12O6, having several optically different forms, the common dextrorotatory form (dextroglucose, ord -glucose) occurring in many fruits, animal tissues and fluids, etc., and having a sweetness about one half that of ordinary sugar, and the rare levorotatory form (levoglucose, or l -glucose) not naturally occurring. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glucose' in WordNet: 1. glucose - (a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :Monosaccharide . :Glue :guid "bd589733-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "glue" ; :wnsense "glue1n" ; :wordnet "glue" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mixture of sticky materials, usually made of a protein gelatin obtained by boiling the skins or hooves of animals in water. In COSMO 'Glue' is restricted to such sticky stuff made of organic materials. For non-organics use the generic 'Adhesive' or 'Cement'. Glue has the property of being sticky, and must be in the liquid or semisolid form; dried Glue is not a subtype of this Type. See also ''Mucilage'',made from gum secretions. SUMO: Any Mixture whose purpose is to be used as the instrument of Attaching one thing to another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glue' in WordNet: 1. (1) glue, gum, mucilage - (cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adhesive, :BondingMaterial, :OrganicSubstance . :Gluing :en "gluing" ; :ldoce "connect", "glue" ; :wnsense "glue1v" ; :wordnet "glue" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Gluing' is An Action in which some Agent attaches two or more objects together by using Glue or some paste. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'glue' in WordNet: 1. (15) glue, paste - (join or attach with or as if with glue; paste the sign on the wall; cut and paste the sentence in the text) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bonding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glue ; owl:onProperty :usedSubstance ] . :Glutton :wnsense "glutton1n", "gourmand1n", "gourmandizer1n", "trencherman1n" ; :wordnet "glutton", "gourmand", "gourmandizer", "trencherman" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glutton' in WordNet: 1. (1) glutton, gourmand, gourmandizer, trencherman - (a person who is devoted to eating and drinking to excess) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gluttonous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gluttonous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Glutton ; :wnsense "gluttonous1adj" ; :wordnet "gluttonous" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gluttonous' in Wordnet: 1. gluttonous - (given to excess in consumption of especially food or drink; 'over-fed women and their gluttonous husbands'; 'a gluttonous debauch'; 'a gluttonous appetite for food and praise and pleasure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voracious . :Gluttony :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Gluttonous ; :wnsense "gluttony1n" ; :wordnet "gluttony" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gluttony' in WordNet: 1. gluttony - (habitual eating to excess) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intemperance . :Glycerol :guid "e8f3dbde-1f3e-41d7-92dd-bdd5c2ff4871" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CH2OHCHOHCH2OH ; :mayFillTheRoleOf :Humectant ; :wnsense "glycerine1n", "glycerol1n" ; :wordnet "glycerine", "glycerol" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Glycerol' is a three-carbon compound with a hydroxyl group on each carbon. Cyc: A specialization of #$Alcohol-Compound. Each instance of #$Glycerol is a sample of C3H8O3. ?add? Glycerol mayFillTheRoleOf Humectant - see 'Humectant' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glycerol' in WordNet: 1. (2) glycerol, glycerin, glycerine - (a sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alcohol, :LiquidSubstance, :OrganicSubstance . :Glycogen :wnsense "glycogen1n" ; :wordnet "glycogen" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A polysaccharide used for storing energy in animal cells. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'glycogen' in Wordnet: 1. glycogen, animal starch - (one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSubstance, :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :Polysaccharide . :Gnawing :wnsense "gnaw1v" ; :wordnet "gnaw" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'gnaw' in WordNet: 1. (2) gnaw - (bite or chew on with the teeth; 'gnaw an old cracker') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rodent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Gnome :wnsense "dwarf2n", "gnome1n" ; :wordnet "dwarf", "gnome" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''Gnome'' is a ''Legendary'' ''FictionalIntelligentAgent'' that looks like a small Person but is not truly human, and may have some magical powers Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gnome' in WordNet: 1. (1) gnome, dwarf - (a legendary creature resembling a tiny old man; lives in the depths of the earth and guards buried treasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalIntelligentAgent, :LegendaryThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmallPerson ; owl:onProperty :resembles ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UndergroundLocation ; owl:onProperty :residesIn ] . :Goaded :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Compelling ; :wnsense "driven1adj", "goaded1adj" ; :wordnet "driven", "goaded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'goaded' in Wordnet: 1. driven, goaded - (compelled forcibly by an outside agency; 'mobs goaded by blind hatred') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forced . :Goading :wnsense "goad1v", "goad2n", "goading1n", "prod1n", "prodding1n", "spur1n", "spur2v", "spurring1n", "urging1n" ; :wordnet "goad", "goading", "prod", "prodding", "spur", "spurring", "urging" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Goading'' is an ''EncouragingCommunication'' that encourages a Person to perform some Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'goad' in WordNet: 1. (1) spur, goad - (give heart or courage to) WN noun 'goad': 1. (3) goad, goading, prod, prodding, urging, spur, spurring - (a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something; 'the ceaseless prodding got on his nerves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EncouragingCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PurposefulAction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :GoadingAnAnimal :wnsense "goad2n" ; :wordnet "goad" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'goad' in WordNet: 2. (1) goad - (urge with or as if with a goad) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Poking, :Thrusting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProddingDevice ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :Goal :FIBO "goal" ; :guid "bd58fb03-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "aim", "end", "object", "purpose" ; :wnsense "aim1n", "design5n", "end4n", "goal1n", "intent1n", "intention1n", "purpose1n" ; :wordnet "aim", "design", "end", "goal", "intent", "intention", "purpose" ; a :GoalType, :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO, a 'Goal' is a MentalObject that is typically produced by a 'Desire' (which see), and includes an Intention to act (a plan of action) and an end toward which the plan is aimed. The end is an instance of the type 'GoalSituation', related by the relation 'hasDesiredSituation'. NOTE that the 'GoalSituation' is the same situation pointed to by the 'hasDesiredSituation' on the Desire that causes the Goal. @ToDo: This relation must be represented in the FOL version. For the Goal of a specific action use ''ActionObjective''. NOTE also that formation of a 'Goal' may be motivated by some Event - see the relation 'convincedAgentToAction' that can point from an Event to an Action motivated by the Event, but does *not* refer to the intermediate Goal or Intention that is created before the agent actually performs the Action. A Goal and a GoalSituation are intimately connected, but are not well distinguished linguistically. When one speaks generally of a person's goals or a person 'having' a goal, the reference should be to an instance of 'Goal'; when one want to specifically describe the intended result, use 'GoalSituation'. The distinction between 'Goal' as a MentalObject and 'GoalSituation' allows the ontology to reify a person's goal(s) without any knowledge of the actual situation that would satisfy the goals. One can therefore talk about a goal, and separately about a situation that 'satisfies' the goal - in this usage, the 'goal' appears to be a MentalObject distinct from the GoalSituation. A 'Goal' is in the Mind of a single individual; though more than one person may have the same GoalSituation (more than one person may want to work toward the same state of affars, e.g. World Peace), the Goals of those individuals are personal to each of them. A Goal is a MentalObject that relates to a Situation that an IntelligentAgent desires and intends to make happen by taking some action. In COSMO a Goal is a Group of MentalObjects that necessarily includes a Desire - because the Goal references something that an Agent wants to happen, which is the characteristic of a Desire. A Goal, in addition to the desire to see something happen, includes the intention (expectation) that the Agent her/himself will take some action to help make that thing happen. NOTE that a 'Goal' includes an Intention, but differs from an Intention in that the Goal references a situation that the Agent desires but *is not currently existing**, whereas an Intention to do something does not necessarily imply that the action will change the situation ('he intends to keep quiet for the next ten minute') and intending to do something does not imply that the Agent wants the FutureSituation to happen for the Agent's own purposes - agent could intend to do something demanded by someone else.. The difference between an Intention and a Goal is that an Intention references a future Actikon, while a Goal references a future desired State. COSMO note: In OpenCyc a Goal is a subtype of '#ELSentence-Assertible' - i.e. an assertion. Although the Cyc representation of 'Goal' includes many of the intuitions that seem to be contained in the usual meaning of 'Goal', the linguistic usage appears to be closer to the notion of the goal being the realization of the actual situation that an agent (usually a person) wants to become true; however, the Goal is in the mind of the IntelligentAgent, and is created by the IntelligentAgent, but is not a PhysicalObject, threfore is best represented as MentalObject in COSMO, rather than the situation itself. It necessarily includes some intention, but is not the intention itself. So the representation of a Goal must include each of these elements in relation to each other. NOTE that a Goal is a MentalObject that *references* some desired FutureSituation, but is not itself the desired FutureSituation; a Goal is internal to an agent, not just a state of affairs in the exgternal world.. When the FutureSituation has occurred and is no longer in the Future, the Goal itself must terminate its existence, and the Goal will be located in the past, Restrictions specify that every instance of Goal must specify the IntentionalAgent who has the goal (through the relation 'wasCreatedBy') and the DesiredFutureSituation that has caused that Goal to arise. Cyc: Typically, this attribute characterizes relationships holding between Cyc formulas and a particular agent when the formula describes a state of affairs that the agent intends to take steps to actualize, i.e., when actualizing the state of affairs is a goal of the agent. However, it might also be seen as an attribute of the relationship between the agent and the static situation depicted by that cyc formula (see #$StateFn). This is the most general goal attribute and should be used only when one is unable to specify more exactly what kind of goal the relevant state of affairs is for an agent. ToDo: axioms must specify that the FutureSituation of the Desire and Intention are the same, and that the Agent that has the Goal will be a participant in the FutureSituaion. Corresponds to FIBO 'goal': SKOS def: '(1) A goal is a desired result a person or a system envisions, plans and commits to achieve a personal or organizational desired end-point in some sort of assumed development. Many people endeavor to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines. (2) An observable and measurable end result having one or more objectives to be achieved within a more or less fixed timeframe.' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'goal' and sense 1 of 'purpose' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'aim' and sense 4 of 'end' and sense 1 of 'objective' and sense 2 of 'object' in WordNet: WN 'goal': 1. (243) goal, end - (the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it; 'the ends justify the means') WN 'purpose' 1. (75) purpose, intent, intention, aim, design - (an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; 'his intent was to provide a new translation'; 'good intentions are not enough'; 'it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs'; 'he made no secret of his designs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desire ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoalSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intention ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isInTheMindOf ] . :GoalPost :wnsense "goalpost1n" ; :wordnet "goalpost" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'GoalPost'' is the type of ''GoalPost'' used at the end of the ''FootballField'' in American Football. It has two uprights and a crossbar. *NOTE: Pellet after saving says this is inconsistent. Probably due to cardinality restrictions on the parts (2 and 1 inconsistent?) But Fact++ on Prot 5.2 does not pick this up. Need to check with reasoner developer. Any other kind of 'goal post' can be a similar type, but not a subtype unless it has the two uprights and a crossbar. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goal post' in WordNet: 1. goalpost - (one of a pair of posts (usually joined by a crossbar) that are set up as a goal at each end of a playing field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :RigidObject, :Target, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VerticalPost ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoalPostCrossPiece ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :GoalPostCrossPiece :en "goal post crosspiece" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GoalPostCrossPiece'' is the ''CrossBeam'' that is the horizontal part of each Football ''GoalPost''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrossBeam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoalPost ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :GoalSituation :FIBO "goal" ; :ldoce "aim", "end", "purpose" ; :wnsense "aim1n", "aim2n", "design5n", "end4n", "goal1n", "intent1n", "intention1n", "objective1n", "purpose1n" ; :wordnet "aim", "design", "end", "goal", "intent", "intention", "objective", "purpose" ; a :EventType, :FutureSituationType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GoalSituation' is the Situation that is desired in an agent's Goal or plan. In COSMO, a 'Goal' is a mental object that includes a Desire, an Intention to act (a plan of action) and an end toward which the plan is aimed. The end is an instance of this type 'GoalSituation'. A Goal and a GoalSituation are intimately connected, but are not well distinguished linguistically. When one speaks generally of a person's goals, the reference should be to an innstance of 'Goal'; when one want to specifically describe the intended result, use 'GoalSituation'. The distinction between 'Goal' as a MentalObject and 'GoalSituation' allows the ontology to reify a person's goal(s) without any knowledge of the actual situation that would satisfy the goals. One can therefore talk about a goal, and separately about a situation that 'satisfies' the goal - in this usage, the 'goal' appears to be a MentalObject distinct from the GoalSituation. NOTE: much of this meaning is similar to that of ''Intention'' - @ToDO: review and possibly reduce duplication. NOTE that relation 'convincedAgentToAction' points from an Event to an Action that an Agent may take as a consequence, but that relation does not relate the intermediate formation of a 'Goal' or 'Intention'. The 'GoalSituation' represented here would be the intended result of the 'Action' referenced in 'convincedAgentToAction'. @ToDo: these relations probably need FOL axtioms to relate them. NOTE: ******** Related elements in the ontology are: ****** ''Goal'', ''Purpose'', ''DesiredFutureSituation'', ''GoalSituation'' , ''desires'', ''Intention''. Whether one uses: hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasPurpose hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires . . . . Depends on whether one wants to represent the Intentions of an Agent, an Agent's goal for a specific action, or just the state desired or just an object desired. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'goal' and sense 2 of 'purpose' in Random House Webster 1. the result or achievement toward which effort is directed; aim; end 2. an intended or desired result; end; aim; goal. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'goal', noun sense 4 of 'end' and sense 1 of 'purpose' in WordNet: WN 'goal': 1. (243) goal, end - (the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it; 'the ends justify the means') WN 'purpose' 1. (75) purpose, intent, intention, aim, design - (an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; 'his intent was to provide a new translation'; 'good intentions are not enough'; 'it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs'; 'he made no secret of his designs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesiredFutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Goal :Plan :GoalType ) ] ] . :GoalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GoalType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''Goal'' as their argument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :GoalsContext :guid "c070f351-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all contexts which contain assertions expressing the goals of some agent or group of agents.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropositionalAttitudeContext . :Goat :guid "bd58e2b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "goat" ; :wnsense "goat1n" ; :wordnet "goat" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goat' in WordNet: 1. (6) goat, caprine animal - (any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerdAnimal, :Mammal, :Ruminant . :Goat-Domestic :guid "bd58e278-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "goat" ; :wnsense "goat1n" ; :wordnet "goat" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goat' in WordNet: 1. (6) goat, caprine animal - (any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticatedAnimal, :Goat . :GoatCheese :guid "c00636ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :Goat ; :wnsense "chevre1n", "goat cheese1n" ; :wordnet "chevre", "goat cheese" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of all instances of goat cheese, cheese made from goat's milk. There are dozens of #$SpecifiedCheeseTypes that are specs of this collection. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goat cheese' in WordNet: 1. goat cheese, chevre - (made from goats' milk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cheese . :Goatee :isAnOrganicPartOf :Person ; :wnsense "goatee1n" ; :wordnet "goatee" ; a :FacialHairType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goatee' in WordNet: 1. goatee - (a small chin beard trimmed to a point; named for its resemblance to a goat's beard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GobblingFood :wnsense "bolt6v", "gobble1v" ; :wordnet "bolt", "gobble" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'gobble' in WordNet: 1. (2) gobble, bolt - (eat hastily without proper chewing; 'Don't bolt your food!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidFood ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :Goblet :guid "c01ce0f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "goblet1n" ; :wordnet "goblet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goblet' in WordNet: 1. goblet - (a drinking glass with a base and stem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingGlass, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GlassStem ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactBase ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :God :guid "bd58eb08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "god" ; :wnsense "deity1n", "divinity1n", "god2n", "immortal2n" ; :wordnet "deity", "divinity", "god", "immortal" ; a :AgentType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some god - not necessarily *the* God of monotheistic religions, (se 'GodTheCreator') who is an instance of this type. Cyc 'Gods': The class of supernatural beings generally supposed to be (a) all-powerful (or more powerful than other classes of divinities within the same religious/folkloric tradition), and (b) immortal (or nearly so, for all practical purposes). Corresponds to sense 2 of 'god' in WordNet: 2. (26) deity, divinity, god, immortal - (any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DivineBeing . :GodDoesNotExist :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_God_does_not_exist ; :hasTopic :ENG_God_does_not_exist ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :GodMayOrMayNotExist :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_God_may_or_may_not_exist ; :hasTopic :ENG_God_may_or_may_not_exist ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :GodTheCreator :en "Allah", "God", "God Almighty", "Jahweh", "Jehovah", "The Almighty", "The Creator" ; :hasName "Allah", "God", "Jehovah" ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; :isLocatedAt :Heaven ; :ldoce "god" ; :wnsense "Allah1n", "Almighty1n", "Creator1n", "Divine1n", "God Almighty1n", "God1n", "Godhead1n", "JHVH1n", "Jahvey1n", "Jahweh1n", "Jehovah1n", "Jehovah2n", "Lord1n", "Maker12n", "Supreme Being1n", "Wahvey1n", "YHVH1n", "YHWH1n", "Yahve1n", "Yahveh1n", "Yahwe1n", "Yahweh1n" ; :wordnet "Allah", "Almighty", "Creator", "Divine", "God", "God Almighty", "Godhead", "JHVH", "Jahvey", "Jahweh", "Jehovah", "Lord", "Maker", "Supreme Being", "Wahvey", "YHVH", "YHWH", "Yahve", "Yahveh", "Yahwe", "Yahweh" ; a :God ; rdfs:comment """The creator of the universe, of monotheistic religions: Jehovah, the God of Abraham - here considered as identical to Allah. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'god', sense 1 of 'Lord', senses 1 and 2 of 'Jehovah', in WordNet: 1. (90) God, Supreme Being - (the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions) WN noun 'Lord': 1. (10) Godhead, Lord, Creator, Maker, Divine, God Almighty, Almighty, Jehovah - (terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God) WN 'Jahweh': 1. Yahweh, YHWH, Yahwe, Yahveh, YHVH, Yahve, Wahvey, Jahvey, Jahweh, Jehovah, JHVH - (a name for the God of the Old Testament as transliterated from the Hebrew consonants YHVH) WN noun 'Allah': 1. Allah - (Muslim name for the one and only God) """ . :Goddamned :wnsense "blame1adj", "blamed1adj", "blasted1adj", "blessed3adj", "damn1adj", "damned1adj", "darned1adj", "deuced1adj", "goddam1adj", "goddamn2adj", "goddamned1adj", "infernal3adj" ; :wordnet "blame", "blamed", "blasted", "blessed", "damn", "damned", "darned", "deuced", "goddam", "goddamn", "goddamned", "infernal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Goddamned'' and its various lables are used as intensifiers to represent some form of dislike of the thing characterized. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'goddamned' in Wordnet: 1. (3) blasted, blame, blamed, blessed, damn, damned, darned, deuced, goddam, goddamn, goddamned, infernal - (expletives used informally as intensifiers; 'he's a blasted idiot'; 'it's a blamed shame'; 'a blame cold winter'; 'not a blessed dime'; 'I'll be damned (or blessed or darned or goddamned) if I'll do any such thing'; 'he's a damn (or goddam or goddamned) fool'; 'a deuced idiot'; 'an infernal nuisance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flaming . :Goddess :en "female deity" ; :enn "female deity" ; :wnsense "goddess1n" ; :wordnet "goddess" ; a :AgentType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goddess' in WordNet: 1. (2) goddess - (a female deity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DivineBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Female ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Goggles :guid "c0fd67c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "goggles1n" ; :wordnet "goggles" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all goggles, protective gear for the wearer's eyes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goggles' in WordNet: 1. goggles - (tight-fitting spectacles worn to protect the eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :Eyewear, :HandSizedObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :ProtectiveCovering, :SomethingToWear . :GoingOnStrike :en "go on strike", "going on strike" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GoingOnStrike' is one or more series of actions which cause and immediately precede a labor strike (see 'Strike'. The borderline between normal work and the actions that cause the Strike may be fuzzy, but GoingOnStrike and the Strike itself are distinguishable actions. 'GoingOnStrike' is the ending phase of some 'WorkingEvent'. There does not appear to be a WordNet entry with this meaning. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisputeEvent, :StoppingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :WorkingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strike ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strike ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ] . :GoingSomewhere :guid "bd58ae4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the restriction requires that the destination of a GoingSomewhere be specified. This should be for completed trips, usually one-way. NOTE: If a trip is interrupted, it should not be a ''GoingSomewhere''. How to express an aborted attampt?? It can be ''AttemptingActivity'' where the ''hasAttemptedAction'' points to a ''GoingSomewhere''. Cyc: A very general set of events in which an animal goes somewhere. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :LocomotionProcess, :Translation-Complete, :Translation-LocationChange, :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDestination ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :GoingToBed :en "catch some z's", "get some z's", "going to bed", "retire for the night" ; :wnsense "bed5v", "crawl in1v", "go to bed1v", "go to sleep1v", "hit the hay1v", "hit the sack1v", "kip down1v", "retire12v", "sack out1v", "turn in4v" ; :wordnet "bed", "crawl in", "go to bed", "go to sleep", "hit the hay", "hit the sack", "kip down", "retire", "sack out", "turn in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'GoingToBed' is an Action in which a Person lies down on a bed in order to be ''GoingToSleep''. The final phase of this action before actually falling asleep if getting into the bed, represented by ''BeddingDown''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'go to bed' in Wordnet: 1. (4) go to bed, turn in, bed, crawl in, kip down, hit the hay, hit the sack, sack out, go to sleep, retire - (prepare for sleep; 'I usually turn in at midnight'; 'He goes to bed at the crack of dawn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingAwake ; owl:onProperty :hasPrecondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bedtime ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeddingDown ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LyingOneselfDown ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :GoingToSchool a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who is ''GoingToSchool'' is formally enrolled in some ''EducationalOrganization'' and gets instruction by physically going to classes in some ''SchoolBuilding''. This activity typically occurs over two or ore years and ends normally when the student graduates. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingPresent, :BeingaStudent, :Participation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Student ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttendingaClass ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingaCourse ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SchoolBuilding ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :GoingToSleep :wnsense "fall asleep1v" ; :wordnet "fall asleep" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'GoingToSleep' is an Action in which some Animal goes from a state of 'BeingAwake' to a state of 'SleepingEvent'. NOTE that we use the causal relation 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation' rather than 'isTheStartingPartOf' to relate GoingToSleep and SleepingEvent, because in COSMO as soon as the SleepingEvent starts, the animal is no longer performing the 'GoingToSleep' Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fall asleep' in WordNet: 1. (8) fall asleep, dope off, flake out, drift off, nod off, drop off, doze off, drowse off - (change from a waking to a sleeping state; 'he always falls asleep during lectures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingAwake ; owl:onProperty :hasPrecondition ] . :GoingToWork a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GoingToWork'' is a ''GoingSomewhere'' in which the destination is one's usual ''WorkPlace'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDestination ; owl:someValuesFrom :Workplace ] . :GoingWellTogether :wnsense "accord1v", "agree4v", "concord1v", "consort2v", "fit in1v", "harmonise1v", "harmonize1v" ; :wordnet "accord", "agree", "concord", "consort", "fit in", "harmonise", "harmonize" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GoingWellTogether'' is a more interactive type of ''Matching'' where the things that 'go well together' not only do not clash or interfere, but complement or enhance or synergize each other. This includes one sense of 'harmonize' for things (colors, the parts of a clothing outfit, different people on a team) that complement or enhance each other so as to perform some function well together. Contrasts with 'clashing'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fit in' in WordNet: 1. (2) harmonize, harmonise, consort, accord, concord, fit in, agree - (go together; 'The colors don't harmonize'; 'Their ideas concorded') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Matching . :Goiter :guid "c0fd6313-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "goiter1n", "goitre1n", "struma1n", "thyromegaly1n" ; :wordnet "goiter", "goitre", "struma", "thyromegaly" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having an enlarged thyroid gland because of an iodine deficiency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goiter' in WordNet: 1. goiter, goitre, struma, thyromegaly - (abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from underproduction or overproduction of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DietaryDeficiencyCondition . :Gold :hasAtomicNumber "79"^^xsd:int ; :hasProtonCount "79"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "gold" ; :wnsense "Au1n", "gold3n" ; :wordnet "Au", "gold" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The metallic element gold, has 79 protons in the nucleus and does not oxidize in air. For the sense 'made of gold' use 'isGolden' or 'consistsMostlyOfSubstance' (with object 'Gold'). CYC note: CYC substances are represented as collections (classes) each instance of which is a piece of that substance. Thus CYC 'Gold': comment: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of gold. type ='#NaturalResourceType' type ='#ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons' subClassOf ='#InorganicMaterial' subClassOf ='#UnalloyedMetal' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'gold' in WordNet: 3. (6) gold, Au, atomic number 79 - (a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreciousMetal, :UnalloyedMetal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dentistry ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :isWeightFraction "0.4167"^^xsd:float ; :isaFractionalComponentOf :TenKaratGold ; a :FractionalComponentSubstance, :Gold . :isWeightFraction "0.999"^^xsd:float ; :isaFractionalComponentOf :PureGold ; a :FractionalComponentSubstance, :Gold . :GoldAtom a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "One atom of Gold; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "79"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasProtonCount ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gold ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :GoldColored :en "gold-colored" ; :enadj "gold-colored" ; :isTheColorOf :Gold ; :ldoce "golden" ; :wnsense "aureate2adj", "gilded1adj", "gilt1adj", "gold2adj", "golden1adj" ; :wordnet "aureate", "gilded", "gilt", "gold", "golden" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :YellowColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having a color resembling that of Gold. In CYC: Class ID='GoldColor' comment: The color gold guid=ec5490fe-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae type '#Color' subClassOf ='#ColoredThing' subClassOf ='#Yellowish' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'golden' in WordNet: 1. (6) aureate, gilded, gilt, gold, golden - (having the deep slightly brownish color of gold; 'long aureate (or golden) hair'; 'a gold carpet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :YellowColor . :GoldFinch :en "American goldfinch", "Eastern goldfinch" ; :guid "bd593ea1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :inContext :StateOfNewJersey ; :wnsense "New world goldfinch1n", "Spinus tristis1n", "goldfinch1n", "yellowbird2n" ; :wordnet "New world goldfinch", "Spinus tristis", "goldfinch", "yellowbird" ; a :BirdType, :StateBird, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """From Wikipedia: American goldfinch. (Redirected from Eastern Goldfinch) The American goldfinch (Spinus tristis) is a small North American bird in the finch family. It is migratory, ranging from mid-Alberta to North Carolina during the breeding season, and from just south of the Canada-United States border to Mexico during the winter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goldfinch' in WordNet: 1. New world goldfinch, goldfinch, yellowbird, Spinus tristis - (American finch whose male has yellow body plumage in summer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Finch . :GoldType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """GoldType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for substances that are comonly referred to as 'gold', usually having more than 50% gold, but also including (an unusual usage) 10 karat gold,which is less than 50%, but still referred to as 'gold'; in jewelry.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalType . :GoldenEagle :guid "bfdb18b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Aquila chrysaetos1n", "golden eagle1n" ; :wordnet "Aquila chrysaetos", "golden eagle" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of large birds, a spec of #$BirdOfPrey, living throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Their color is dark brown with gold on the back of the head and neck. Their scientific name is Aquila chrysaetos. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golden eagle' in WordNet: 1. golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos - (large eagle of mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere having a golden-brown head and neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eagle . :GoldenOpportunity :en "big chance", "golden opportunity" ; :wnsense "occasion5n" ; :wordnet "occasion" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GoldenOpportunity''is an''Opportunity'' that presents a possibility of ''GainingSomething'' important of very valuable. No exact match in WorNet: Corresponds most closely to noun sense 5 of 'occasion' in WordNet: 5. occasion - (an opportunity to do something; 'there was never an occasion for her to demonstrate her skill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opportunity . :Goldfish :guid "c0fd5b58-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Carassius auratus1n", "goldfish1n" ; :wordnet "Carassius auratus", "goldfish" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goldfish' in WordNet: 1. goldfish, Carassius auratus - (small golden or orange-red freshwater fishes of Eurasia used as pond or aquarium fishes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carp . :Goldsmith :wnsense "goldsmith1n" ; :wordnet "goldsmith" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Goldsmith'' is a Person who produces objects made of ''Gold'', with at least some manual effort in shaping the object (not just running a machine). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goldsmith' in WordNet: 1. (1) goldsmith, goldworker, gold-worker - (an artisan who makes jewelry and other objects out of gold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkilledWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gold ; owl:onProperty :worksWith ] . :Golf :en "golf" ; :enn "golf" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'SportType'; for the game which is an Event, use 'GolfGame'. Typically nine or eighteen holes. WordNet makes no distinction between the sport and an individual game; the Wordnet entry is the game - see ''GolfGame''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallSport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfGame ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :GolfBall :wnsense "golf ball1n" ; :wordnet "golf ball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ball used in a ''GolfGame''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf ball' in WordNet: 1. golf ball - (a small hard ball used in playing golf; dimpled to reduce wind resistance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Ball, :Device, :ManufacturedGoods, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :GolfClub :wnsense "club5n", "golf club2n" ; :wordnet "club", "golf club" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Club'' of a type designed to be used in the game of ''Golf'', consistingof a long shaft with a hand-sized part at the end having a flat hitting surface, Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'golf club' in Wordnet: 2. golf club, golf-club, club - (golf equipment used by a golfer to hit a golf ball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Club, :GameArtifact, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rod ; owl:onProperty :hasApproximateShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "60"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :GolfCourse :wnsense "golf course1n", "links course1n", "links1n" ; :wordnet "golf course", "links", "links course" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GolfCourse'' is a ''SportCourse'' where people perform ''PlayingaGolfGame''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf course' and includes 'liks' (differentiated in WN) in WordNet: 1. golf course, links course - (course consisting of a large landscaped area for playing golf) WN noun 'links' 1. (1) links, golf links - (a golf course that is built on sand ground near a shore) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportCourse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaGolfGame ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :GolfCourseHazard :wnsense "hazard3n" ; :wordnet "hazard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GolfCourseHazard'' is any physical object that is not a mown lawn (e.g. bodies of water, the rough, sand traps) that can make progress to the putting green difficult. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hazard' in WordNet: 3. hazard - (an obstacle on a golf course) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obstacle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationEvent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :GolfEagle :wnsense "eagle2n" ; :wordnet "eagle" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GolfEagle'' is a 'GolfScore' for one player playing one hole of golf in which the number of strokes required is two less than 'par'.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'eagle' in WordNet: 2. eagle - ((golf) a score of two strokes under par on a hole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GolfScore . :GolfGame :wnsense "golf1n" ; :wordnet "golf" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'game' is Typically completed after nine or eighteen holes. Practicing driving or putting would not be considered an instance of this type. WordNet makes no distinction between the sport and an individual game; this Wordnet entry is the game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf' in Wordnet: 1. (9) golf, golf game - (a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Golf ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfBall ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfClub ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfCourse ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :GolfHolePar :en "par for the hole" ; :wnsense "par1n" ; :wordnet "par" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GolfHolePar'' is a 'GolfScore' for one player playing one hole of golf in which the number of strokes required is equal to 'par'.. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'par' in WordNet: 1. (2) par - ((golf) the standard number of strokes set for each hole on a golf course, or for the entire course; 'a par-5 hole'; 'par for this course is 72') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GolfScore, :Par . :GolfIron :wnsense "iron2n" ; :wordnet "iron" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GolfIron'' is a ''GolfClub'' with the head made completely of metal, as contrasted with a 'wood' that has a head composed mostly of ''Wood''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'iron' in WordNet: 2. (2) iron - (a golf club that has a relatively narrow metal head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GolfClub . :GolfScore :en "golf score" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GolfScore' is a 'GameScore' for some part of a Golf game (such as one hole by one player). or the final score for a golf match between players. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameScore . :Golfer :guid "be55351d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "golf player1n", "golfer1n", "linksman1n" ; :wordnet "golf player", "golfer", "linksman" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of athletes who make their livings playing golf. In COSMO this is anyone playing Golf, not necessarily a pro. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golfer' in WordNet: 1. (2) golfer, golf player, linksman - (someone who plays the game of golf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete . :Gonad :guid "c10bdd89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gonad1n", "sex gland1n" ; :wordnet "gonad", "sex gland" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all gonads. A #$Gonad is a sexual #$Organ which produces #$HaploidCells. It is also a #$Hormone producing #$Gland, producing sex #$Steroids. A male #$Gonad is a #$Testicle (which produces #$SpermCells and #$Androgens such as #$Testosterone) and a female #$Gonad is an #$Ovary-AnimalBodyPart (which produces egg cells [#$Ovum] and the #$Steroids #$Estrogen and #$Progesterone). Hermaphroditic #$Animals have both types of #$Gonads. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gonad' in WordNet: 1. gonad, sex gland - (a gland in which gametes (sex cells) are produced) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndocrineGland, :SexOrgan . :Gondola :wnsense "gondola2n" ; :wordnet "gondola" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gondola' in WordNet: 2. gondola - (long narrow flat-bottomed boat propelled by sculling; traditionally used on canals of Venice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boat, :LongAndThinObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-bottomed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gone :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :LeavingaPlace ; :wnsense "away1adj", "departed1adj", "gone1adj" ; :wordnet "away", "departed", "gone" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gone' in Wordnet: 1. (12) away, gone, departed - (not present; having left; 'he's away right now'; 'you must not allow a stranger into the house when your mother is away'; 'everyone is gone now'; 'the departed guests') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Gong :wnsense "gong1n", "tam-tam1n" ; :wordnet "gong", "tam-tam" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PercussionInstrument'' that consists of a metal plate, usually discoid, hung freely within a frame, that makes a deep resonant 'gong' sound when struck. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gong' in WordNet: 1. gong, tam-tam - (a percussion instrument consisting of a metal plate that is struck with a softheaded drumstick) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercussionInstrument . :Gonorrhea :guid "c0fd54ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clap2n", "gonorrhea1n", "gonorrhoea1n" ; :wordnet "clap", "gonorrhea", "gonorrhoea" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gonorrhea' in WordNet: 1. gonorrhea, gonorrhoea, clap - (a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection, :VenerealDisease . :Good :isMoreIntenseThan :Fair ; :isTheOppositeOf :Bad ; :ldoce "good" ; :wnsense "good1adj" ; :wordnet "good" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A very broad ''EvaluativeAttribute'' that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is beneficial for *some* purpose of *some* agent, and depends one the purpose against which it is judged. What is ''Good'' for some agent may be ''Bad'' for another (such as a competitor), or 'Bad'' for some other purpose of the agent (e.g. satisfying an appetitie may cause weight gain). The purposes may be those of the person doing the judging, or those of someone else or of some group. Each attribution of 'good' must have some purpose as the criterion of 'goodness', but tis ontology fdoes not require that that purpose be explicitly mentioned. 'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top 'Good' and the bottom 'Bad' Things that are ''Goood' (for something) may be, for example, those that; satisfy an appetite satisfy a desire improve health increase wealth or property give pleasure satisfy an interest (as in doing certain types of Activities) Or provide increased ability to to desirable things, such as: Enable performing an acivity (Devices, Procedures and Methods) Increasing Knowledge Increasing physical strength. In English, 'good' is one of the most 'plastic' adjectives, varying in meaning depending not only on the thing modified, but the context and the speaker. To reduce this ambiguity in an ontology, the function that represents 'Good' will need to make some distinctions. Among the possible distinctions are whether the noun modified is: an artifact (a good car); a role (a good wife); a person (a good boy); a conceptual work (a good book); and others. Because of the speaker-dependence, some residual ambiguity in any use of 'good' is likely. See also Nirenberg and Raskin's 'Ontological Semantics' pp. 239-240 for related discussion. NOTE that the adjective 'good' is represented by the instance of Adjective 'ENG_good' There are many degrees of goodness, and the lesser degrees are not necessarily salient, so this is not a subtype of 'Salient'. This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'good in WordNet: 1. (190) good - (having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified; 'good news from the hospital'; 'a good report card'; 'when she was good she was very very good'; 'a good knife is one good for cutting'; 'this stump will make a good picnic table'; 'a good check'; 'a good joke'; 'a good exterior paint'; 'a good secretary'; 'a good dress for the office') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue, :Positive . :GoodBye :ldoce "good-bye" ; :wnsense "adieu1n", "adios1n", "arrivederci1n", "au revoir1n", "auf wiedersehen1n", "bye-bye1n", "bye2n", "cheerio1n", "good day1n", "good-by1n", "good-bye1adj", "goodby1adj", "goodbye1adj", "sayonara1n", "so long1n" ; :wordnet "adieu", "adios", "arrivederci", "au revoir", "auf wiedersehen", "bye", "bye-bye", "cheerio", "good day", "good-by", "good-bye", "goodby", "goodbye", "sayonara", "so long" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of Speaking in which some form of 'good-bye', or 'farewell' is expressed. This is an Action in which words are spoken, not the abstract content of those words. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good-bye' in WordNet: 1. (4) adieu, adios, arrivederci, auf wiedersehen, au revoir, bye, bye-bye, cheerio, good-by, goodby, good-bye, goodbye, good day, sayonara, so long - (a farewell remark; 'they said their good-byes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking . :GoodCircumstances :wnsense "good fortune1n", "good luck1n", "luckiness1n" ; :wordnet "good fortune", "good luck", "luckiness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GoodCircumstances'' is a ''PersonalCircumstances'' that is ''Desirable'' and ''Welcome'',but is not (as the the WN synset labels might suggest) 'lucky' as being dependent on unusual good luck, nor is it necesarily exceptional - it could be due primarily to personal effort and ability. The WN synset uses terms that do not clearly make the distinction. This should be interpreted as being a situation without significant or unusual problems. A better situation is the subtype ''Well-Being''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good fortune' in WordNet: 1. (3) good fortune, luckiness, good luck - (an auspicious state resulting from favorable outcomes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalCircumstances, :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Welcome ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GoodDeed :en "good deed", "good deeds", "good works" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GoodDeed'' is an Action performed by some Person for the benefit of others or ''GroupOfPeople'' that is considered (or would be considered, if known) by others as 'good' or virtuous or admirable. This is a Benefiting, but the thing benefitted could be the environment or animals rather than other people. The plural 'good deeds' and 'good works' are included as labels to avoid unnecessarily instantiating a plural type. Can be added if needed, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimateActivity, :Benefiting, :SuccessfulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Helpful ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Admirable ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :GoodExample :ldoce "example" ; :wnsense "example2n", "example3n", "exemplar1n", "good example1n", "model5n", "model7n" ; :wordnet "example", "exemplar", "good example", "model" ; a :InheritableType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GoodExample' is an ''Example'' that has all or most of the most desirable characteristics of a thing that one might want to imitate, to achieve the same properties or functions. NOTE: an even better example would be an ''Epitome''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good example' in WordNet: 1. (1) exemplar, example, model, good example - (something to be imitated; 'an exemplar of success'; 'a model of clarity'; 'he is the very model of a modern major general') 7. (1) model, example - (a representative form or pattern; 'I profited from his example') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Example . :GoodHealth :wnsense "good health1n", "healthiness1n" ; :wordnet "good health", "healthiness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good health' in WordNet: 1. (2) good health, healthiness - (the state of being vigorous and free from bodily or mental disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Health, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AilmentCondition ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Healthy ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :GoodJudgment :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Judicious ; :ldoce "judgment" ; :wnsense "discernment4n", "judgement4n", "judgement5n", "judgment6n", "judgment7n", "judiciousness1n", "judiciousness2n", "sagaciousness1n", "sagacity1n", "sagacity2n" ; :wordnet "discernment", "judgement", "judgment", "judiciousness", "sagaciousness", "sagacity" ; a :CapabilityType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GoodJudgment' is a subtype of trait 'Wiseness', the abilty to reach sound conclusions in various situations, social and otherwise. Thisis the AttributeValue of a 'Sage'. Perhaps social judgment should be distinguished? Includes senses 6 and 7 of 'judgment' and senses 1 and 2 of 'sagacity' in WordNet: 6. judgment, judgement, sound judgment, sound judgement, perspicacity - (the capacity to assess situations or circumstances shrewdly and to draw sound conclusions) WN noun 'sagacity': 1. sagacity, sagaciousness, judgment, judgement, discernment - (the mental ability to understand and discriminate between relations) 2. judiciousness, sagacity, sagaciousness - (the trait of forming opinions by distinguishing and evaluating) WN noun 'judiciousness': 1. judiciousness - (good judgment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wiseness . :GoodLighting :wnsense "light10n", "lighting1n" ; :wordnet "light", "lighting" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GoodLighting'' is a 'StateOfIllumination'' produced by natural or artifactual light sources. and sufficient for normal human activities. The outdoor light available between sunrise and sunset will usually satisfy this criterion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lighting' in WordNet: 1. (3) light, lighting - (having abundant light or illumination; 'they played as long as it was light'; 'as long as the lighting was good') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StateOfIllumination, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :LightEmittingObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ; owl:someValuesFrom :LightingDevice ] . :GoodLooking :en "good looking" ; :guid "bd58f9b5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pretty" ; :wnsense "better-looking1adj", "fine-looking1adj", "good-looking1adj", "handsome1adj", "pretty1adj", "well-favored1adj", "well-favoured1adj" ; :wordnet "better-looking", "fine-looking", "good-looking", "handsome", "pretty", "well-favored", "well-favoured" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of a Person who is Attractive. Includes males and females NOTE in Cyc this is a type of object, which is a different way of expressing attributes than in COSMO. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pretty' and part of sense 1 of 'handsome' in WordNet: 1. (20) pretty - (pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing; 'pretty girl'; 'pretty song'; 'pretty room') WN 'handsome': 1. (7) fine-looking, good-looking, better-looking, handsome, well-favored, well-favoured - (pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion; 'a fine-looking woman'; 'a good-looking man'; 'better-looking than her sister'; 'very pretty but not so extraordinarily handsome'- Thackeray; 'our southern women are well-favored'- Lillian Hellman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attractive . :GoodLuck :ldoce "fortune", "luck" ; :wnsense "fortune1n", "luck3n" ; :wordnet "fortune", "luck" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'GoodLuck' is one or more 'RandomEvents' that were favorable for some agent, for whom it is 'good luck'. The same event as could be 'bad luck' for other agent(s). This may be the most common sense of 'good luck' This is close to part of the meaning of sense 3 of 'fortune' and sense 3 of 'luck' (this is for random events; for luck personified use 'Fortune-Chance') WN noun 'fortune': in WordNet: 3. (2) luck, fortune - (an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome; 'it was my good luck to be there'; 'they say luck is a lady'; 'it was as if fortune guided his hand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :RandomEvent . :GoodLuckCharm :ldoce "charm" ; :wnsense "charm3n", "good luck charm1n" ; :wordnet "charm", "good luck charm" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GoodLuckCharm' is a SmallObject that a Person may place near to where s/he or some loved one spends time, or may carry around in the belief that it will bring 'GoodLuck'. This takes different forms with different myths associated, in different cultures. It ca be an artifact or a natural object. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'charm' and sense 1 of 'good luck charm' in WordNet: 3. (1) charm, good luck charm - (something believed to bring good luck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagicalThing, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CharmsCauseLuck ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ] . :GoodLuckEvent :ldoce "luck" ; :wnsense "fortune3n", "luck3n" ; :wordnet "fortune", "luck" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event involving random or unpredictable chances that causes good things for some Animal (usually a Person). If the good things are due mostly to diligent action by a person, even if there is some minor element of luck, the event in which the good things happen it is not considered an instance of this type. @ToDo: should be unexpected - probability less than 0.5. 'expected' is not yet represented v761 Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'luck' in WordNet: 3. (2) luck, fortune - (an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome; 'it was my good luck to be there'; 'they say luck is a lady'; 'it was as if fortune guided his hand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :DesirableEvent, :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lucky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GoodMood :wnsense "amiability1n", "good humor1n", "good humour1n", "good temper1n" ; :wordnet "amiability", "good humor", "good humour", "good temper" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GoodMood'' is a form of ''Satisfaction''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good humor' in WordNet: 1. (3) good humor, good humour, good temper, amiability - (a cheerful and agreeable mood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Satisfaction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :GoodReputation :en "good reputation", "good repute" ; :wnsense "reputation1n", "repute1n" ; :wordnet "reputation", "repute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'GoodReputation' is a SocialState (a PersistentState) of 'BeingRecognized' in which the recognition is ''Positive'' or beneficial to the one with that ''GoodReputation'', or is pleasing to the one with that reputation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reputation' in WordNet: 1. (5) repute, reputation - (the state of being held in high esteem and honor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingRecognized, :ValuableThing . :GoodTaste :wnsense "appreciation2n", "discernment2n", "taste3n" ; :wordnet "appreciation", "discernment", "taste" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GoodTaste'' is a ''TasteInThings'' that is approved by (considered 'good') by a community of significant size. Particularly applies to art and style (as in clothing) or other things having aesthetic qualities.. Things that are aproved by a Person with this trait are considered as 'tasteful'. This is for a preference for things to look at or use; for good taste in actions, see ''Tact''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taste' in WordNet: 3. (3) taste, appreciation, discernment, perceptiveness - (delicate discrimination (especially of aesthetic values); 'arrogance and lack of taste contributed to his rapid success'; 'to ask at that particular time was the ultimate in bad taste') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :TasteInThings . :GoodThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GoodThing is a generic class that can be used to label certain types of objects or situations as desirable (for some individal or type of 'agent'), and therefore something to pay attention to, and perhaps to try to obtain or try to do or get done. Among the ''GoodThing''s are those that cause Pleasure without necessary counter balancing side effects. NOTE: In competition situations something good for one agent may be bad for aother, so for individual ''GoodTHing''s the agent(s) benefitted should be specified. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Good ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :GenericAgent ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isGoodFor ] . :GoodTime :wnsense "blast5n", "good time1n" ; :wordnet "blast", "good time" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GoodTime'' is a particularly pleasurable Experience, causing the Feeling of ''\"Merriment\"''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'good time' in WordNet: 1. good time, blast - (a highly pleasurable or exciting experience; 'we had a good time at the party'; 'celebrating after the game was a blast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enjoying, :Experience, :PersistingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Merriment ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :GoodWill :guid "c13b3e2c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "good will1n", "goodwill3n" ; :wordnet "good will", "goodwill" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Emotion manifested by interest in another person (or, more rarely, in some nonhuman agent), good will towards that individual, and an inclination to favor him or her (or it). This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Business 'Goodwill' as an asset is a subtype ''BusinessGoodWill''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'goodwill' in Wordnet: 3. grace, good will, goodwill - (a disposition to kindness and compassion; 'the victor's grace in treating the vanquished') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :Good_evening :en "Good evening" ; :hasComponentElement :WORD_Good, :WORD_evening ; :hasStringRepresentation "Good evening." ; :wasAuthoredBy :UnidentifiedAuthor1 ; a :GreetingPhrase . :Good_morning :en "Good morning" ; :hasComponentElement :WORD_Good, :WORD_morning ; :hasStringRepresentation "Good morning." ; :wasAuthoredBy :UnidentifiedAuthor1 ; a :GreetingPhrase . :Good_night :en "Good night" ; :hasComponentElement :WORD_Good, :WORD_night ; :hasStringRepresentation "Good night." ; :wasAuthoredBy :UnidentifiedAuthor1 ; a :FarewellPhrase . :Goodness :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Good ; :takesValue :GoodnessValue ; :wnsense "goodness1n" ; :wordnet "goodness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Goodness' is a generic ''AttributeType'' that categorizes the ways that things can be 'Good'. ''Goodness'' is an attribute that causes pleasant feelings in people who observe the attractive thing, and is therefore highly subjective. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goodness' in WordNet: 1. (7) good, goodness - (that which is pleasing or valuable or useful; 'weigh the good against the bad'; 'among the highest goods of all are happiness and self-realization') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :GoodnessValue :en "goodness" ; :ldoce "quality" ; :wnsense "caliber1n", "calibre1n", "quality2n" ; :wordnet "caliber", "calibre", "quality" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'GoodnessValue' is an EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment regarding the degree to which the thing evaluated is beneficial for the purposes against which it is judged. NOTE: the subtypes here might be instances of 'quality' (i.e. 'GoodnessValue' could be a subtype of 'IntensiveAttributeValueType'), but are generally so vague they may have subtypes and are treated as classes. The subtypes are ranked from most good to least good, with some overlap as: 'TheBest' 'Outstanding' 'Excellent' 'VeryGood' 'Good' 'Fair' 'So-so' 'Mediocre' 'Bad' 'VeryBad' 'Execrable' 'TheWorst' There are many degrees of goodness, and the lesser degrees are not necessarily salient, so this is not a subtype of 'Salient'. This approximately coresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quality' in WordNet; the noun 'goodness' does not have any synset with this meaning in WordNet: 2. (16) quality, caliber, calibre - (a degree or grade of excellence or worth; 'the quality of students has risen'; 'an executive of low caliber') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :OrderedAttributeValue . :Goof-off :wnsense "goldbrick2n", "good-for-naught1n", "good-for-nothing1n", "goof-off1n", "ne'er-do-well1n", "no-account1n" ; :wordnet "goldbrick", "good-for-naught", "good-for-nothing", "goof-off", "ne'er-do-well", "no-account" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Goof-off'' is habitual ''Idler''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goof-off' in WordNet: 1. goldbrick, goof-off, ne'er-do-well, good-for-nothing, no-account, good-for-naught - (an idle worthless person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Idler . :Goofy :ldoce "silly" ; :wnsense "goofy1adj", "silly1adj", "wacky1adj", "zany1adj" ; :wordnet "goofy", "silly", "wacky", "zany" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Silly' is a subtype of 'Foolish' characterizing behaviors that are not likely to accomplish useful results, but are of little consequence. However, if a visibly ridiculous behavior is performed with the *intention* of amusing people, it would be characterized as ''Clownish''. This can also be applied to ideas or to people who act in mildly irrational or unproductive ways. Corresponds to part of adjective noun sense 1 of 'silly' in WordNet; the sense indicating appearance (a goofy hat) is not included: in WordNet: 1. (8) cockamamie, cockamamy, goofy, sappy, silly, wacky, whacky, zany - - (ludicrous, foolish; 'gave me a cockamamie reason for not going'; 'wore a goofy hat'; 'a silly idea'; 'some wacky plan for selling more books') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foolish . :Googling :eng "googling" ; :wnsense "google1v" ; :wordnet "google" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Googling'' is a type of Research that is performed on the Internet, using the Google web site with a web browser. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'google' in WordNet: 1. google - (search the internet (for information) using the Google search engine; 'He googled the woman he had met at the party'; 'My children are googling all day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Research, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Information ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :Gook :wnsense "goo1n", "gook1n", "guck1n", "gunk1n", "muck1n", "ooze1n", "slime1n", "sludge2n" ; :wordnet "goo", "gook", "guck", "gunk", "muck", "ooze", "slime", "sludge" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Here to complete level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.41). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'gook' in WordNet: 1. sludge, slime, goo, gook, guck, gunk, muck, ooze - (any thick messy substance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemiSolidSubstance, :SubstanceRole . :Goose :guid "bd5901c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "goose1n" ; :wordnet "goose" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalFamily, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The animal known as a Goose. Called 'Goose-Bird' in Cyc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goose' in WordNet: 1. (3) goose - (web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Waterfowl . :GooseHonk :wnsense "honk1n" ; :wordnet "honk" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the honk of a goose, not a road vehicle. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'honk' (from a goose, not from a vehicle) in WordNet: 1. honk - (the cry of a goose (or any sound resembling this)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound, :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Goose ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GooseHonking ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :GooseHonking :wnsense "cronk2v", "honk3v" ; :wordnet "cronk", "honk" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GooseHonking'' is an Event in which a ''GooseHonk'' sound is emitted by a ''Goose''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'honk' in WordNet: 3. honk, cronk - (cry like a goose; 'The geese were honking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GooseHonk ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :GooseStepping :en "goose-step" ; :eng "goose-stepping" ; :env "goose-step" ; :wnsense "goose step1v" ; :wordnet "goose step" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GooseStepping'' is a form of 'Marching' performed by military groups in a Parade, in which the legs are lifted up while straight and stiff It is physically taxing, and is usually done only for short distances, as when parading past a reviewng stand. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'goose step' in WordNet: 1. goose step - (march in a military fashion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Marching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryUnit ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParadeEvent ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :Gorge :guid "bd58d528-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gorge1n" ; :wordnet "gorge" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a narrow, steep-walled passage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gorge' in WordNet: 1. gorge - (a deep ravine (usually with a river running through it)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crevice-Topographical, :Ravine . :Gorgeous :isMoreIntenseThan :Beautiful ; :wnsense "gorgeous1adj" ; :wordnet "gorgeous" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gorgeous'' is a high intensity of 'Beautiful' broadly applied to various types of things. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gorgeous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gorgeous - (dazzlingly beautiful; 'a gorgeous Victorian gown') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beautiful . :Gorilla :guid "bd58ed29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Gorilla gorilla1n", "gorilla1n" ; :wordnet "Gorilla gorilla", "gorilla" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gorilla' in WordNet: 1. gorilla, Gorilla gorilla - (largest anthropoid ape; terrestrial and vegetarian; of forests of central west Africa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GreatApe . :Goring :eng "goring" ; :guid "bd58d4dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gore1v" ; :wordnet "gore" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action in which a horned animal thrusts its horn(s) into another animal, thereby injuring it. This is narrower than WN verb sense 1 of 'gore', being specific for 'goring' by a horned anuimal - usually a bovine such as a 'bull', but rhinos ('nose horn') and elephants (tusk = horn?) and narwhales should be included. in WordNet: 1. (1) gore - (wound by piercing with a sharp or penetrating object or instrument) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Charging-Rushing, :PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO, :Wounding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horn ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncurringAnInjury ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimalType ] . :Gosh :en "gosh" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A suddenly emitted word expressing surprise, usually when learning of something unexpected. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surprise ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Gospel :wnsense "Gospel1n", "Gospels1n", "evangel1n" ; :wordnet "Gospel", "Gospels", "evangel" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gospel'' is the abstract content of any of the first four books of the New Testament. The individual Gospels (Metthew Mark Luke or John) would be subtypes. This type can be used to include any or all of those four books. One of the 'gospel's not included in the tradtional canon might also be subtypes. To be determined. RHW: 2. the story of Christ's life and teachings, esp. as contained in the first four books of the New Testament, namely Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. 3. (usually cap.) any of these four books. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gospel' in WordNet: 1. (7) Gospel, Gospels, evangel - (the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scripture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Christianity ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChristianGroup ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewTestament ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :Gossip :wnsense "gossip2n", "scuttlebutt1n" ; :wordnet "gossip", "scuttlebutt" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gossip'' is a form of ''Rumor'' that is is spread person-to person, whether orally or in any other medium such as electronic social media. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gossip' in WordNet: 2. (2) gossip, comment, scuttlebutt - (a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people; 'the divorce caused much gossip') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rumor . :Gossiper :wnsense "gossip3n", "gossiper1n", "gossipmonger1n", "newsmonger1n", "rumormonger1n", "rumourmonger1n" ; :wordnet "gossip", "gossiper", "gossipmonger", "newsmonger", "rumormonger", "rumourmonger" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gossiper'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who tends to perform ''Gossipping''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gossiper' in WordNet: 1. gossip, gossiper, gossipmonger, rumormonger, rumourmonger, newsmonger - (a person given to gossiping and divulging personal information about others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gossipping ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Gossipping :eng "gossipping" ; :wnsense "dish the dirt1v", "gossip1v" ; :wordnet "dish the dirt", "gossip" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gossip' in WordNet: 1. dish the dirt, gossip - (wag one's tongue; speak about others and reveal secrets or intimacies; 'She won't dish the dirt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisclosingaSecret, :Talking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gossiper ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Gothic :wnsense "Gothic1adj", "Gothic2adj" ; :wordnet "Gothic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gothic'' pertains to the ancient Goths and their language. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Gothic' in Wordnet: 2. Gothic - (of or relating to the language of the ancient Goths; 'the Gothic Bible translation') 3. Gothic - (of or relating to the Goths; 'Gothic migrations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :GothicFont :en "othic" ; :enadj "gothic" ; :wnsense "Gothic2n", "black letter1n" ; :wordnet "Gothic", "black letter" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GothicFont'' is a ''TypeFont'' (of any size or variant) containing a group of abstract represeentations of printable characters of the font style called 'Gothic'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gothic' in WordNet: 2. Gothic, black letter - (a heavy typeface in use from 15th to 18th centuries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TypeFont . :Gourd :wnsense "gourd2n" ; :wordnet "gourd" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Individual gourd, the fruit of a ''GourdPlant''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gourd' in Wordnet: 2. gourd - (any of numerous inedible fruits with hard rinds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GourdPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :GourdBottle :wnsense "calabash4n", "gourd1n" ; :wordnet "calabash", "gourd" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container made from the shell of a type of ''Gourd''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gourd' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gourd, calabash - (bottle made from the dried shell of a bottle gourd) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HollowObject, :LiquidContainer, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottleGourd ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :GourdOrder :guid "bd58ef6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is here to align with CYC, but its use is unclear. More direct is the subtype ''GourdPlant''. In RHW 'gourds' are a family, the 'gourd family'; thus: RHW 'the plant family Cucurbitaceae, characterized by tendril-bearing vines, either trailing or climbing and having alternate, palmately lobed leaves, often large yellow or greenish flowers, and many-seeded, fleshy fruit with a hard rind, and including the cucumber, gourd, melon, pumpkin, and squash.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :GourdPlant :guid "bd58a71d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gourd3n" ; :wordnet "gourd" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual gourd plants. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'gourd' in WordNet: 3. gourd, gourd vine - (any vine of the family Cucurbitaceae that bears fruits with hard rinds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :GourdOrder, :Vegetable-Plant, :Vine . :Gourmet :guid "c09895df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bon vivant1n", "epicure1n", "epicurean1n", "foodie1n", "gastronome1n", "gourmet1n" ; :wordnet "bon vivant", "epicure", "epicurean", "foodie", "gastronome", "gourmet" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gourmet'' is a ''Connoisseur'' with deep appreciation of food and discrimination about nuances of taste. CYC: This is the collection of people who have specialized knowledge about food together with a particular enthusiasm for fine dining. The English term is most often used as an adjective. Initially this was incorrect, but it has become so common that it is now acceptable usage. (See #$Gourmet-Attribute). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gourmet' in WordNet: 1. (2) epicure, gourmet, gastronome, bon vivant, epicurean, foodie - (a person devoted to refined sensuous enjoyment (especially good food and drink)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connoisseur, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dining ; owl:onProperty :enjoys ] . :Gout :guid "bf473843-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gout1n", "gouty arthritis1n", "urarthritis1n" ; :wordnet "gout", "gouty arthritis", "urarthritis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gout' in WordNet: 1. (1) gout, gouty arthritis, urarthritis - (a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arthritis . :Governing :en "governing", "ruling" ; :isPerformedBy :Government ; :ldoce "govern", "rule" ; :wnsense "govern3v", "governance2n", "governing1n", "government activity1n", "government3n", "rule1v" ; :wordnet "govern", "governance", "governing", "government", "government activity", "rule" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Governing' is a Group of Actions that is performed by a Government - whether that Government be a monarchy, dictatorship, or democratically elected. It consists of both PersuadingToAct and DissuadingFromAction (via legislation, edicts, or regulations). Supervising (the actions of the executive branch), and punishing failures to adhere to the rules via some judicial process. The closest WordNet synset is verb sense 3 of 'Govern' and sense 1 of 'rule': in WordNet: 3. (3) govern, rule - (exercise authority over; as of nations; 'Who is governing the country now?') WN noun 'governing': 1. government, governing, governance, government activity - (the act of governing; exercising authority; 'regulations for the governing of state prisons'; 'he had considerable experience of government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministrationOfAnOrganization, :HumanGroupActivity, :InfluencingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supervising ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convincing-CommunicationAct ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legislating ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalJudgment ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FormOfGovernment ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :GoverningAsaDictator :wnsense "dictate3v" ; :wordnet "dictate" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'GoverningAsaDictator'' is a ''GoverningaCountry'' that is performed by a ''Dictator''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dictate' in WordNet: 3. dictate - (rule as a dictator) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoverningaCountry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Dictator ] . :GoverningaCountry :en "governing", "governing a country", "ruling" ; :ldoce "govern", "rule" ; :wnsense "govern3v", "rule1v" ; :wordnet "govern", "rule" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GoverningaCountry'' is a ''Governing'' of a Country that is performed by a specific Government - whether that Government be a monarchy, dictatorship, or democratically elected. The instance of ''Government'' can be referred to by the leader's name, e.g. 'ObamaAdministration' This type of governing is what is terminated in a ''Revolution'' - but is more commonly terminated by some legal form of change of government. The closest WordNet synset is verb sense 3 of 'Govern' and sense 1 of 'rule': in WordNet: 3. (3) govern, rule - (exercise authority over; as of nations; 'Who is governing the country now?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Governing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :CountryGovernment ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalJudgment ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Government :ldoce "government" ; :wnsense "authorities1n", "government1n", "regime1n" ; :wordnet "authorities", "government", "regime" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ruling body of a ''GeopoliticalEntity'', a subtype of Organization. Relates to ''GeopoliticalEntity''s by ''isTheGovernmentOf'' and inverse ''hasGovernment'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'government' in WordNet: 1. (504) government, authorities, regime - (the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit; 'the government reduced taxes'; 'the matter was referred to higher authorities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employer, :GovernmentalAuthority . :GovernmentAdministrator :wnsense "administrator3n", "executive3n" ; :wordnet "administrator", "executive" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ @ToDo: need some relation to describe administrative ambit - ?? hasAdministrativeDomain Organization Action GenericLocation LocationType ??? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'administrator' in WordNet: 3. administrator, executive - (someone who manages a government agency or department) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Administrator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentalOrganization ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :GovernmentAgency :guid "bfc0aaf6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "agency1n" ; :wordnet "agency" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GovernmentalOrganization. Each instance of #$GovernmentAgency is a sub-organization (see the predicate #$subOrganizations) of an organization within the executive branch of some government. Instances of #$GovernmentAgency include #$DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency and #$BureauOfAlcoholTobaccoAndFirearms. Executive *Departments* are not GovernmentAgency's. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agency' in WordNet: 1. (21) agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, office, authority - (an administrative unit of government; 'the Central Intelligence Agency'; 'the Census Bureau'; 'Office of Management and Budget'; 'Tennessee Valley Authority') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization . :GovernmentBureaucracy :wnsense "bureaucracy1n", "bureaucratism1n" ; :wordnet "bureaucracy", "bureaucratism" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Bureaucracy'' in a Government are the ''Appointed'' (nonelective) ''GovernmentOfficials'. Fo the sense of ?is WN 'bureaucratism' appropriate here?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bureaucracy' in WordNet: 1. (6) bureaucracy, bureaucratism - (nonelective government officials) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bureaucracy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appointed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentOfficials ; owl:onProperty :hasAssociatedAgent ] . :GovernmentDepartment :wnsense "government department1n" ; :wordnet "government department" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'government department' in WordNet: 1. government department - (a department of government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Department, :ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization . :GovernmentEmployee :guid "bd58ef89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PublicSectorEmployee. Each instance of #$GovernmentEmployee is a person employed by some government. The government in question may be the government of any instance of #$GeopoliticalEntity, including a city, county, province, or nation-state. NOTE not every person classified in COSMO as a 'GovernmentEmployee' is necessarily an Employee in the strict sense, as elected politicians and heads of state may not be 'employees' in the business sense.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, :HumanRole, :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Government ] . :GovernmentMilitaryOrganization :guid "bd5f3555-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$MilitaryOrganization and #$LegalGovernmentOrganization. Each instance of #$GovernmentMilitaryOrganization is a military organization belonging to, and directed by, the governing body of a geographical region or international organization. The governing body in question may be a national government, a state or provincial government, or an international governing body such as the #$UnitedNationsOrganization. Important specializations of this collection include #$Army-BranchOfService, #$Navy, and #$AirForce. This collection excludes private armies and mercenary forces.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization, :LegalGovernmentOrganization, :MilitaryOrganization . :GovernmentMinister :ldoce "minister" ; :wnsense "government minister1n", "minister2n", "minister4n" ; :wordnet "government minister", "minister" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CabinetOfficer in countries where the heads of departments are called 'minister', rather than 'secretary'or some other title. Includes noun senses 2 and 4 of 'minister' in WordNet: 2. minister, government minister - (a person appointed to a high office in the government; \"Minister of Finance\") 4. minister - (the job of a head of a government department) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CabinetOfficer . :GovernmentOfGreatBritain :hasRoleFiller :GovernmentOfGreatBritain ; :isTheGovernmentOf :GreatBritain ; a :CountryGovernment ; rdfs:comment "The national government of ''GreatBritain''." . :GovernmentOfIndia :hasRoleFiller :GovernmentOfIndia ; :isTheGovernmentOf :India ; a :Government . :GovernmentOfNewJersey :hasRoleFiller :GovernmentOfNewJersey ; :isTheGovernmentOf :StateOfNewJersey ; a :Government . :GovernmentOfTheUSA :hasRoleFiller :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :isTheGovernmentOf :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :CountryGovernment ; rdfs:comment "The national government of the United States Of America." . :GovernmentOfficials :wnsense "government officials1n", "officialdom1n" ; :wordnet "government officials", "officialdom" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GovernmentOfficials'' is subtype of ''Administration'' that works for a ''Government''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'government officials' in WordNet: 1. government officials, officialdom - (people elected or appointed to administer a government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Administration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Government ] . :GovernmentOverthrow :wnsense "coup d'etat1n", "coup1n", "overthrow1n", "putsch1n", "takeover1n" ; :wordnet "coup", "coup d'etat", "overthrow", "putsch", "takeover" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GovernmentOverthrow'' is a ''PrematureTermination'' of some government or rers reign by those governed, using methods (not necessarily violent) not permitted by that government's laws (and therefore 'Illegal'). There may be debate about whether overthrow of a government that is itself illegally empowered would be ''illegal'', but this term is used to refer to whatever laws are promulgate by the ruling government at the time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overthrow' and sense 1 of 'coup' in WordNet: 1. (1) overthrow - (the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)) WN noun 'coup': 1. (1) coup d'etat, coup, putsch, takeover - (a sudden and decisive change of government illegally or by force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanGroupActivity, :OustingFromaPosition, :PrematureTermination, :Substitution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoverningaCountry ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :CoupPlotters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illegal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GovernmentProgram :wnsense "program1n", "programme5n" ; :wordnet "program", "programme" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GovernmentProgram'' is a ''SystemOfRules'' created by some government Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'program' in WordNet: 1. (543) program, programme - (a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need; 'he proposed an elaborate program of public works'; 'working mothers rely on the day care program') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SystemOfRules, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentDepartment ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ] . :Governmental :pertainsTo :Government, :GovernmentalAuthority, :GovernmentalBuilding, :GovernmentalOrganization, :GovernmentalPolicy ; :wnsense "governmental1adj" ; :wordnet "governmental" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'governmental' in Wordnet: 1. (9) governmental - (of or relating to the governing authorities; 'the core of a governmental system'; 'public confidence and governmental morale') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial :en "government administrative official" ; :enn "government administrative official" ; :guid "cfc5513e-7f32-41d7-9c30-b0bf811157fa" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all members of any #$GovernmentalAdministration. They are normally in appointed positions, whether or not their appointment has to be ratified by a legislative body. Their positions are normally policy-making, high level policy-implementation, or advisory positions. They are very likely to loose their position as a #$GovernmentalAdministrationOfficial upon a change in administration, especially if there is a party change.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicOfficial . :GovernmentalAuthority :wnsense "authority2n" ; :wordnet "authority" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GovernmentalAuthority'' is a generic type created to allow reference to both ''Government''s as a whole as well as ''GovernmentalOrganization''s, so as to allow assertions about governments and their branches that create and implement ''PublicPolicy''s. This includes the ''Organization'' that is implied in a ''Monarchy'', but is distinct from the Person who is the monarch. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'authority' (for governments and their suborganizations) in WordNet: 2. (6) authority - ((usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others; 'the authorities have issued a curfew') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authority, :Employer, :Organization, :SocialBeing . :GovernmentalBuilding :guid "c10af508-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "government building1n" ; :wordnet "government building" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Buildings which are intended to house governments or parts of governments - state capitols, courthouses, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'government building' in WordNet: 1. government building - (a building that houses a branch of government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Government ] . :GovernmentalCommune :wnsense "commune1n" ; :wordnet "commune" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GovernmentalCommune'' is a small administrative district in certain larger jurisdictions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'commune' in WordNet: 1. (5) commune - (the smallest administrative district of several European countries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssemblageOfPeople . :GovernmentalOrganization :en "government organization", "governmental organization" ; :guid "bf71ca9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$GovernmentalOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$GovernmentalOrganization is an organization that is governmental, either departments of one particular government (e.g., the #$FederalCommunicationsCommission) or confederations or cooperative groups consisting of different governments or representatives from a number of different governments (e.g., #$OPEC). Because instances of #$GovernmentalOrganization cannot properly be said to have owners (rather, they have members), they are not instances of #$CommercialOrganization, and, hence, the two collections, #$GovernmentalOrganization and #$CommercialOrganization, are disjoint. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employer, :GovernmentalAuthority, :SocialBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Government ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ] . :GovernmentalPolicy :en "governmental policy", "public policy" ; :enn "governmental policy", "public policy" ; :wnsense "social policy1n" ; :wordnet "social policy" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GovernmentalPolicy'' is a ''PoliticalPolicy'' that has been adopted by some ''Government'', a subtype of a ''PoliticalPolicy'' that has been proposed. NOTE: the WN term 'social policy' seems to be the closest to the concept represented here,but the WN term may not be intended to be restricted to govermental polices. If other references to 'social policy' are found that are not created or implemented by a ''GovernmentalAuthority'', that would require a different type to be created. Perhaps NGO policies?? Corresponds approximately (see above) to noun sense 1 of 'social policy' in WordNet: 1. social policy - (a policy of for dealing with social issues) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalPolicy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GovernmentalAuthority ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :GovernorOccupation :en "the occupation of a Governor" ; :enn "the occupation of a Governor" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GovernorOccupation'' is the ''Occupation'' of """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occupation . :Gown :guid "c0f46be1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gown1n" ; :wordnet "gown" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gown'' is a ''Dress'' with a ''LongSkirtBottom'' that is intended to be dressy and is often worn on formal occasions. CYC: A piece of clothing, generally full-length Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gown' in WordNet: 1. (5) gown - (a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dress, :FormalWear, :OuterGarment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongSkirtBottom ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Grabbing :en "grasp", "take hold of" ; :ldoce "seize", "take" ; :wnsense "catch4v", "clutch1v", "grab1v", "pick up2v", "seize1v", "take4v" ; :wordnet "catch", "clutch", "grab", "pick up", "seize", "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Grabbing'' is a more general type of grasping, including ''GrabbingWithTheHand'' but also including any kind of grabbing or seizing that an animal may do with claw, tenacle or mouth, or that a Person might do with the hands or with some Device controlled by the hand(s). . This is for getting control of PhysicalObjects. What an animal must do before one 'holds' something - in the hand, claw, or jaw. Includes sense 1 of 'grasp' in RHW: 1. to seize and hold by or as if by clasping with the fingers or arms. NOTE however that WordNet has no sense of 'grasp' with the same meaning. NOTE that no sense of 'Grasp' in WN corresponds tothis initiating action. Includes verb sense 1 of 'grab' and verb sense 1 of 'pick up' and part of sense 1 of 'seize'(performed by a hand, not by beak or claw) and verb sense 4 of 'take' in WordNet: 1. (27) catch, grab, take hold of - - (take hold of so as to seize or restrain or stop the motion of; 'Catch the ball!'; 'Grab the elevator door!') WN verb 'seize': 1. (13) seize, prehend, clutch - - (take hold of; grab; 'The sales clerk quickly seized the money on the counter'; 'She clutched her purse'; 'The mother seized her child by the arm'; 'Birds of prey often seize small mammals') WN verb 'pick up': 2. (19) pick up - (take up by hand; 'He picked up the book and started to read') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingAnObject, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :starts ] . :GrabbingOntoWithHand :en "grasp" ; :guid "bd58f61b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "seize" ; :wnsense "grab1v", "pick up2v", "seize1v" ; :wordnet "grab", "pick up", "seize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the parent ''Grabbing'' is similar but not restricted to the use of a human hand - any kind of seizing by any animal with hands is represented by ''Grabbing'' and this type restricts the action to the use of the ''Hand''. A ''GrabbingOntoWithHand'' is not necessarily a grabbing of a small object that can be moved and transported by hand, but includes grabbing firmly fixed objects like the overhead straps or pole on a bus, done to prevent falling from acceleration forces, or grabbing some kind or ''Pull'' (e.g. a doorknob or drawer knob) to open a door or drawer. This includes both the act of moving the hand into a position to hold something, and beginning to hold it. This action can be done slowly as well as quickly, and the implication of rapid action in words like 'grab' or ;seize' is not necessarily required for this action. Each 'GrabbingOntoWithHand' Action is the **starting event** of some 'HoldingWithHand', as specified in the restriction. Therefore 'HoldingWithHand' and 'Grasping' are not subtypes @rev1263 NOTE: for simplicity the act of an animal that seizes something with a claw or the mouth is included in this type, but may be represented separately if needed. Cyc: What one must do before one holds something with a hand. Since a holding implies a grabbing, it is not necessary to state for example, that both grabbing and holding are #$subEvents of a turning a door handle event. One need only state that e.g. a holding is happening and this will imply that a grabbing preceeded the holding. Includes sense 1 of 'grasp' in RHW: 1. to seize and hold by or as if by clasping with the fingers or arms. NOTE however that WordNet has no sense of 'grasp' with the same meaning. NOTE that no sense of 'Grasp' in WN corresponds tothis initiating action. Includes verb sense 1 of 'grab' and verb sense 1 of 'pick up' and part of sense 1 of 'seize'(performed by a hand, not by beak or claw) and verb sense 4 of 'take' in WordNet: 1. (27) catch, grab, take hold of - - (take hold of so as to seize or restrain or stop the motion of; 'Catch the ball!'; 'Grab the elevator door!') WN verb 'seize': 1. (13) seize, prehend, clutch - - (take hold of; grab; 'The sales clerk quickly seized the money on the counter'; 'She clutched her purse'; 'The mother seized her child by the arm'; 'Birds of prey often seize small mammals') WN verb 'pick up': 2. (19) pick up - (take up by hand; 'He picked up the book and started to read') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmMovement, :Grabbing, :TakingSomethingPhysical, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingWithHand ; owl:onProperty :starts ] . :Graben :en "graben" ; :enn "graben" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Graben'' is a geological ''Crevice'' between two faults. NOTE that a ''RiftValley'' is a subtype, being a large ''Graben''. RHW noun 'graben': a portion of the earth's crust, bounded on at least two sides by faults, that has dropped downward in relation to adjacent portions. Also called rift valley. Cf. horst. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoParallelFaults ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lowered ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Graceful :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Gracefulness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Awkward, :Clumsy ; :wnsense "graceful1adj" ; :wordnet "graceful" ; a :AppearanceType, :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Graceful'' is an attribute of animals (including people) or actions, characterizing the manner in which an animal may perform actions, specifically that the actions appear eficient, smooth, and pleasant to see. For animals, this includes the shape and manner of moving. RHW: characterized by elegance or beauty of form, manner, movement, or speech; elegant: a graceful dancer; a graceful reply. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'graceful' in Wordnet: 1. (2) graceful - (characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Gracefully :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Graceful ; :wnsense "gracefully1adv" ; :wordnet "gracefully" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gracefully'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Actions that are ''Graceful''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'gracefully' in Wordnet: 1. (3) gracefully - (in a graceful manner; 'she swooped gracefully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Gracefulness :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Graceful ; :ldoce "grace" ; :wnsense "grace2n", "gracefulness1n", "gracility1n" ; :wordnet "grace", "gracefulness", "gracility" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gracefulness'' is a dynamic ''BodyBearing'' specifying that the body is moving or the animal often moves in a manner that appears 'graceful' and fluid (rather than jerky or uncoordinated), meaning it is 'beautiful' (Pleasant to watch). Also referred to a 'grace' or 'gracility'. This can come in degrees and subtypes depending on the animal. LDOCE 'grace' def. 1: a smooth way of moving that looks natural, relaxed, and attractive [= gracefulness]: 'Lena moved with the grace of a dancer'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gracefulness' in WordNet: 1. gracefulness - (beautiful carriage) WN noun 'grace': 2. (4) grace, gracility - (elegance and beauty of movement or expression) WN 'gracefulness': 1. gracefulness - (beautiful carriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyBearing . :Grackle :guid "bd58f26c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crow blackbird1n", "grackle2n" ; :wordnet "crow blackbird", "grackle" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grackle' in WordNet: 2. grackle, crow blackbird - (long-tailed American blackbird having iridescent black plumage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blackbird . :Grade :wnsense "grade6n" ; :wordnet "grade" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Grade'' is a general 'grade' given as a result of a ''Grading'' Action. The 'grades' given and obtained after taking examonations or taking a course of study are represented by the subtypes ''TestScore'' and ''CourseGrade''. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'grade' in WordNet: 6. mark, grade, score - (a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance); 'she made good marks in algebra'; 'grade A milk'; 'what was your score on your homework?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaluation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Grading ] . :Grading :wnsense "grade3v", "mark14v", "score7v" ; :wordnet "grade", "mark", "score" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Grading'' is a specialization of 'Evaluating' in which some agent assigns a numerical or linguistic ''Grade'' to the thing that was evaluated. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'grade' in WordNet: 3. grade, score, mark - (assign a grade or rank to, according to one's evaluation; 'grade tests'; 'score the SAT essays'; 'mark homework') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaluating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Grading ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Grade ] . :GradingMachine :en "grader", "grading machine" ; :enn "grader", "grading machine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''GradingMachine''' is a ''Device'' (an ArtifactObject) that is powered by an engine, and has a blade that can scrape material off the surface of the ground to prepare it for some purpose - building a road, constructing a structure, or shaping the surface for agriculture or recreation. No WN sense. RHW """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GradingaLandArea ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :GradingScoolWork :en "scoring" ; :eng "grading", "marking", "scoring" ; :wnsense "grade3v", "mark14v", "score7v" ; :wordnet "grade", "mark", "score" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GradingScoolWork'' is the action of someone (a teacher or other person, or an automatic grading device) giving a grade or score to some test, homework, essay, or other product of a pupil's efforts to determine how much of the topic that student has learned. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'grade' in WordNet: 3. grade, score, mark - (assign a grade or rank to, according to one's evaluation; 'grade tests'; 'score the SAT essays'; \"mark homework\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssessingTheValueOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TestScore ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingAnExam ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFollows ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Student ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :GradingaLandArea :wnsense "grade1v" ; :wordnet "grade" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GradingaLandArea'' is a ''RemovingaGroundSurface'' in which the Ground surface is changed by removing some material in order to make the surface ''Flat'' - more level or smoother. RHW 'grade': 20. to reduce to a level or to practicable degrees of inclination: to grade a road. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'grade' in WordNet: 2. grade - (level to the right gradient) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingaGroundSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :Gradual :isTheOppositeOf :Sudden ; :ldoce "gradual" ; :wnsense "gradual1adj" ; :wordnet "gradual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Gradual' is an attribute of Events that occur over some perceptible period of time, having at least three stages in which the difference between the initial and final states gets larger. The linguistic term 'gradual' is contrasted with 'sudden', but may also be used in a relative sense, characterizing instances of Event that occur more slowly than is typical for that type of event. Erosion and corrosion would be examples of Events that are inherently 'Gradual', even if 'rapid'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gradual' in WordNet: 1. (7) gradual - (proceeding in small stages; 'a gradual increase in prices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Gradually :enadv "step-by-step" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Gradual ; :wnsense "bit by bit2adv", "gradually1adv", "step by step1adv" ; :wordnet "bit by bit", "gradually", "step by step" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gradually'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the rate of action in the Event is lower than it might be, and the process poceeds by incremental steps. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'gradually' in WordNet: 1. (24) gradually, bit by bit, step by step - (in a gradual manner; 'the snake moved gradually toward its victim') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Graduate :guid "d7f5940a-759a-41d7-8476-9fb8a5eab83a" ; :wnsense "alum3n", "alumna1n", "alumnus1n", "grad2n", "graduate1n" ; :wordnet "alum", "alumna", "alumnus", "grad", "graduate" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who have graduated from some educational institution. FOr the Group of peopl who have graduated from some Educational institution, use ''Alumni''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graduate' in WordNet: 1. (6) alumnus, alumna, alum, graduate, grad - (a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaGraduateOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :School ] . :GraduateSchool :guid "c10ae1a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grad school1n", "graduate school1n" ; :wordnet "grad school", "graduate school" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of organizations in which graduate students are enrolled; the #$providerOfService for most graduate instances of #$CourseOfStudy. SUMO: A School which is devoted to a specific subject area, which admits students that have a bachelor's degree, which grants masters and/or doctorate degrees, and which is part of a University. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graduate school' in WordNet: 1. (1) graduate school, grad school - (a school in a university offering study leading to degrees beyond the bachelor's degree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollegeOrGraduateSchool, :ResearchOrganization . :Graduated :wnsense "graduated2adj" ; :wordnet "graduated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Graduated'' is an AttributeValue of ''MeasuringDevice''s that have a set of marks indicating different values (usually in ordered seqence) for the property they measure, such that those marks are pointed to or displayed in some way to display the measured value. NOTE: 'calibrated' has a different meaning in laboratory usage - tested to verify its accuracy. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'graduated' in WordNet: 2. calibrated, graduated - (marked with or divided into degrees; 'a calibrated thermometer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Graduation :wnsense "graduate1v", "graduation1n" ; :wordnet "graduate", "graduation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some Person achieves a certification that s/he has successfully completed some course of study. It does not have to be a ceremony, but should include some formal recognition by the teaching agent. This does not include the graduation ceremony. This can be celebrated at a ''GraduationCeremony''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graduation' and verb sense 1 of 'graduate' in WordNet: 1. (7) graduation - (the successful completion of a program of study) WN verb 'graduate': 1. (7) graduate - (receive an academic degree upon completion of one's studies; 'She graduated in 1990') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Progressing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Graduate ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :GraduationCeremony a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GraduationCeremony' is the ritual conducted by a School at which some certificate is presented to those who have completed the courses of study for some level of education. This can be any level, from kindergarten to advanced degrees such as Ph.D or M.D. \"commemorates\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceremony, :Rite, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadHonoree ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Graduation ; owl:onProperty :observesOrCelebrates ] . :Graffiti :guid "bd58f730-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "graffiti1n", "graffito1n" ; :wordnet "graffiti", "graffito" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An inscription or drawing made on some public surface (e.g., a wall). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graffiti' in WordNet: 1. graffito, graffiti - (a rude decoration inscribed on rocks or walls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :TextMarking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unauthorized ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OutdoorLocation ] . :Grain :ldoce "grain" ; :wnsense "grain1n" ; :wordnet "grain" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TinyObject that is solid and hard and not filimentous (a SolidObject so small it is hard to pick up with the fingers, but still visible, being at least 0.1 mm in diameter). A GrainOfSand would be about the smallest such object. A pollen 'grain' would not be a subtype, being too small to see with the naked eye. NOTE that a 'GtanularSubstance' may have composite particles larger than a 'Grain', as for some forms of 'Gravel' used in construction. For smaller solid objects that are the components of a 'powder' use 'speck' as in 'speck of dust'. Corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'grain' in WordNet: 1. (3) grain - (a small hard particle; 'a grain of sand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, :TinyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :GrainOfCereal :guid "bd5881a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes all grains of cereal, whether harvested or in situ. Therefore this is an Object,not a food substance. Cyc: The collection of individual Grains - the harvested fruits of cereal plants like wheat, corn, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grain, :OrganicObject, :Seed . :GrainOfSand a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single grain of sand; the composition may vary widely. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grain, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sand ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoneOrCoral ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :GrainOfSugar :en "grain of sugar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single grain of sucrose, in the form called 'table sugar'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grain, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sugar ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Gram :ldoce "gram" ; :wnsense "gram1n" ; :wordnet "gram" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Submultiple of kilogram. Symbol: g. 1 kilogram = 1000 Grams. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gram' in WordNet: 1. (40) gram, gramme, gm, g - (a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassMeasure . :GramNegative :isAnAttributeValueOf :Bacterium ; :wnsense "Gram-negative1adj" ; :wordnet "Gram-negative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Gram-negative' in Wordnet: 1. Gram-negative - ((of bacteria) being of or relating to a bacterium that does not retain the violet stain used in Gram's method) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :GramNegativeBacterium :en "Gram-negative bacterium" ; :enn "Gram-negative bacterium" ; :guid "c0f63b8c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Bacterium that do not retain the stain in the 'Gram Staining' process. The cell walls of the #$GramNegativeBacterium are more complex and do not contain as many peptoglycans as the #$GramPositiveBacterium. Among the #$Bacterium which are pathogens, the #$GramNegativeBacterium are much more plentiful than the #$GramPositiveBacterium. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GramNegative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GramPositive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Bacterium ; :wnsense "Gram-positive1adj" ; :wordnet "Gram-positive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Gram-positive' in Wordnet: 1. Gram-positive - ((of bacteria) being or relating to a bacterium that retains the violet stain used in Gram's method) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :GramPositiveBacterium :en "Gram-positive bacterium" ; :guid "c0e7060a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Bacterium that are not decolorized after the process known as 'Gram Staining'. In this process the bacterial cells are rinsed with ethyl alcohol after being stained with a crystal violet dye. That the #$GramPositiveBacterium retain the stain indicates that the cells lack an outer membrane. Another feature that distinguishes them from the #$GramNegativeBacterium is that their cell walls have molecules on them known as teichoic acids which regulate the growth of the cell wall. Antibiotics to work against the #$GramPositiveBacterium are engineered to interfere with these molecules. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GramPositive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GramStainTest :guid "bead05a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Gram method1n", "Gram stain1n", "Gram's method1n", "Gram's procedure1n", "Gram's stain1n" ; :wordnet "Gram method", "Gram stain", "Gram's method", "Gram's procedure", "Gram's stain" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events in which a bacterial culture is stained to distinguish #$GramPositiveBacterium from #$GramNegativeBacterium. In this test a heat-fixed smear is stained for 1 minute with crystal violet and rinsed briefly under water. Next the smear is treated for 1 minute with Lugol's iodine (a solution of iodine and potassium iodine in water) and rinsed again. Decolorization is attempted with a solvent, for example ethonal (95%), acetone, or iodine-acetone and immediately rinsed. #$GramPositive cells will be violet. The smear is then counterstained for 30 seconds with dilute carbolfuchsin to stain #$GramNegative cells red. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Gram stain' in WordNet: 1. Gram's method, Gram method, Gram's procedure, Gram's stain, Gram stain - (a staining technique used to classify bacteria; bacteria are stained with gentian violet and then treated with Gram's solution; after being decolorized with alcohol and treated with safranine and washed in water, those that retain the gentian violet are Gram-positive and those that do not retain it are Gram-negative) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposureToSubstance . :GraminaceousPlant :wnsense "graminaceous plant1n", "gramineous plant1n" ; :wordnet "graminaceous plant", "gramineous plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graminaceous plant' in WordNet: 1. gramineous plant, graminaceous plant - (cosmopolitan herbaceous or woody plants with hollow jointed stems and long narrow leaves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :Grammar :ldoce "grammar" ; a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DOLCE: A set of rules for the generation of a (closed or open set of) information objects. roughly equavalent to the DOLCE 'grammar'. NOTE: this is not the branch of Linguistics, but an individual grammar for some language (formal or informal). Wordnet has only the sense of it being a branch of Linguistics: in WordNet: 1. grammar - (the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics or morphology)) WN For the branch of Linguistics use ''GrammarOfNaturalLanguage'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Information-encoding-system, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GrammaticalRule ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Language ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :GrammarClause :wnsense "clause1n" ; :wordnet "clause" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GrammarClause'' is a Phrase with a subject and predicate that is only part of a complete sentence. Not all Sentences have a separate component 'clause'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clause' in WordNet: 1. (2) clause - ((grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sentence ] . :GrammarOfNaturalLanguage :ldoce "grammar" ; :wnsense "grammar1n" ; :wordnet "grammar" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'GrammarOfNaturalLanguage' is the branch of Linguistics dealing with Grammar - the rules by which sentences are composed from individual words. NOTE: for the specific grammar of a specific language see ''Grammar''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grammar' in WordNet: 1. grammar - (the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics or morphology)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Linguistics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :GrammarSchool :wnsense "elementary school1n", "grade school1n", "grammar school2n", "primary school1n" ; :wordnet "elementary school", "grade school", "grammar school", "primary school" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EducationalOrganization, Typically teaching grades K-8, but it varies with the local district; in some cases the first school ends at grade 5 or 6. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grammar school' in WordNet: 2. grade school, grammar school, elementary school, primary school - (a school for young children; usually the first 6 or 8 grades) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 . :GrammarType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment "Each 'GrammarType' is a Grammar for some Language." ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :GrammaticArticle :ldoce "article" ; :wnsense "article4n" ; :wordnet "article" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GrammaticArticle' a word that restricts the referential meaning of the following noun phrase, which is usually a type; they usually precede descriptive adjectives and in English include the articles: the, a, and an. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'article' in WordNet: 4. article - ((grammar) a determiner that may indicate the specificity of reference of a noun phrase) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedClassWord . :Grammatical :pertainsTo :GrammarOfNaturalLanguage, :GrammaticalStructure, :GrammaticalTense ; :wnsense "grammatic1adj", "grammatical1adj" ; :wordnet "grammatic", "grammatical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Grammatical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to Grammar and the rules specifying how words should combine in sentences and meaningful phrases. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grammatical' in Wordnet: 1. (4) grammatical, grammatic - (of or pertaining to grammar; 'the grammatic structure of a sentence'; 'grammatical rules'; 'grammatical gender') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GrammaticalConstituent :wnsense "constituent3n", "construction4n", "expression8n", "grammatical constituent1n", "grammatical construction1n" ; :wordnet "constituent", "construction", "expression", "grammatical constituent", "grammatical construction" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun sense 1 of 'grammatical constituent' and sense 1 of 'grammatical construction' in WordNet: 1. constituent, grammatical constituent - ((grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction) WN 'grammatical construction': 1. construction, grammatical construction, expression - (a group of words that form a constituent of a sentence and are considered as a single unit; 'I concluded from his awkward constructions that he was a foreigner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase . :GrammaticalGender :wnsense "gender1n", "grammatical gender1n" ; :wordnet "gender", "grammatical gender" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GrammaticalGender'' is a category that is an attribute of a Word and in some languages affects the way a word is declined or the way related words in a sentence (pronouns,verbs) are formed. ''GrammaticalGender'' affects the way word endings are changed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grammatical gender' in WordNet: 1. gender, grammatical gender - (a grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between nouns and pronouns and adjectives; in some languages it is quite arbitrary but in Indo-European languages it is usually based on sex or animateness) , """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalRole . :GrammaticalRole a :GrammaticalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GrammaticalRole'' is ''Role'' that includes but is broader than a ''CaseRole'' that represents any of the standard 'cases' on a sentence in grammatical anaysis. This is broader in including things not usually considered as cases in grammar. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role . :GrammaticalRule a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "One Rule from some Grammar, for a formal or informal language." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rule . :GrammaticalStructure a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GrammaticalStructure' is any of the parts of a Sentence or Text that have been used by grammarians to characterize the structure of a linguistic utterance. Examples are Sentence, NounPhrase, VerbPhrase, Subject, Predicate, Verb,etc. The grammatical categories that can apply to individual words ('Noun', 'Preposition') are included as subtypes of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString . :GrammaticalTense :ldoce "tense" ; :wnsense "tense1n" ; :wordnet "tense" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an inflected verb that indicates distinctions of time (past, present, or future) that the Verb represents. Some verbs, such as infinitives, do not have a tense attribute. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tense' in WordNet: 1. (2) tense - (a grammatical category of verbs used to express distinctions of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :GrammaticalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GrammaticalType is any structure (word, phrase, phoneme, morpheme) in a NaturalLanguage that, in combination with other structures constitues the grammar of the language, as represented in some grammatical theory of the language. Examples would be 'Subject', 'Verb', 'Object', 'VerbPhrase', etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Grand :isTheOppositeOf :ModestInScale ; :ldoce "grand" ; :wnsense "expansive2adj", "grand1adj", "grand6adj", "heroic4adj" ; :wordnet "expansive", "grand", "heroic" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """big and very impressive [contrast with humble] - of PhysicalObjects or Actions. This could be divided into two types with different objects of the characterization. examples From RHW: 'a grand country house'; 'The party was a grand affair'; New Yorkers build on a grand scale. Corresponds approximately to adjective senses 1 and 6 of 'grand' in WordNet: 1. (6) expansive, grand, heroic - (of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope; 'an expansive lifestyle'; 'in the grand manner'; 'collecting on a grand scale'; 'heroic undertakings') 6. grand - - (large and impressive in physical size or extent; 'the bridge is a grand structure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impressive, :Large . :GrandCanyon :en "The Grand Canyon of the Colorado" ; :enn "The Grand Canyon of the Colorado" ; :hasPhysicalPart :ColoradoRiverOfArizona ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Huge ; :wnsense "Grand Canyon1n" ; :wordnet "Grand Canyon" ; a :Gorge ; rdfs:comment """Not to be confused with the 'Grand Canyon of the Pacific' on Kauai Island in Hawaii: Wikipedia: Waimea Canyon, also known as the Grand Canyon of the Pacific, is a large canyon, approximately ten miles (16 km) long and up to 3,000 feet (900 m) deep. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Grand Canyon' in WordNet: 1. Grand Canyon - (the enormous gorge of the Colorado River in northern Arizona) """ . :GrandJury :wnsense "grand jury1n" ; :wordnet "grand jury" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Jury assembled to evaluate evidence in a criminal proceeding, and determine if an indictment should be issued. When a GrandJury decides to issue a 'bill of indictment', the jury 'hands up' or 'hands down' an indictment. A GrandJury never 'convicts' or 'acquits' a person of a crime. A GrandJury sometimes also investigates issues other than criminal cases. The size of a GrandJury varies, but in the US it is often 23 members, and is larger than a 'PetitJury' (whence the name). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grand jury' in WordNet: 1. (4) grand jury - (a jury to inquire into accusations of crime and to evaluate the grounds for indictments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Jury . :Grandchild :wnsense "grandchild1n" ; :wordnet "grandchild" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Grandchild'' is the Child of a Child of some ''Person''. More specific would be 'grandson' or 'granddaughter'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandchild' in WordNet: 1. (1) grandchild - (a child of your son or daughter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildRole . :Grandchildren :en "grandchildren" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Grandchildren'' is the Group of ''Grandchild''s, usually mentioned as the grandchildren of some specific person of couple. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Grandchild ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Granddaughter :wnsense "granddaughter1n" ; :wordnet "granddaughter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Granddaughter'' is a female ''Grandchild''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'granddaughter' in WordNet: 1. granddaughter - (a female grandchild) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :Grandchild ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:FemalePerson :Grandchild ) ] . :Grandfather :kids "gramps", "grandpa", "pop-pop" ; :ldoce "grandfather" ; :wnsense "gramps1n", "grandad1n", "granddad1n", "granddaddy1n", "grandfather1n", "grandpa1n" ; :wordnet "gramps", "grandad", "granddad", "granddaddy", "grandfather", "grandpa" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Father' is a MalePerson that is in some sense a 'father' of one of some person's parents - biological father, adoptive father, foster father, step father. The subtypes are more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandfather' in WordNet: 1. (4) grandfather, gramps, granddad, grandad, granddaddy, grandpa - (the father of your father or mother) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Father, :Grandparent . :Grandiloquence :wnsense "grandiloquence1n", "grandiosity1n", "magniloquence1n", "ornateness1n", "rhetoric2n" ; :wordnet "grandiloquence", "grandiosity", "magniloquence", "ornateness", "rhetoric" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RhetoricalManner' is a ''LinguisticManner''(an ''AttributeType'') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandiloquence' in WordNet: 1. grandiosity, magniloquence, ornateness, grandiloquence, rhetoric - (high-flown style; excessive use of verbal ornamentation; 'the grandiosity of his prose'; 'an excessive ornateness of language') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RhetoricalManner . :Grandmother :kids "grandma" ; :ldoce "grandmother" ; :wnsense "gran1n", "grandma1n", "grandmother1n", "grannie1n", "granny1n" ; :wordnet "gran", "grandma", "grandmother", "grannie", "granny" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Grandmother' is a FemaleAnimal that is in some sense a 'mother' of one of some person's parents - biological mother, adoptive mother, foster mother, stepmother. The subtypes are more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandmother' in WordNet: 1. (8) grandma, grandmother, granny, grannie, gran - (the mother of your father or mother) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grandparent, :Mother . :Grandparent :wnsense "grandparent1n" ; :wordnet "grandparent" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Grandparent' of a Person is a ''Parent'' of one of that Person's ''Parent''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandparent' in WordNet: 1. (1) grandparent - (a parent of your father or mother) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasChild ; owl:someValuesFrom :Parent ] . :Grandparents :en "grandparents" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Grandparents'' is the Group of ''Grandparent''s, usually mentioned as the (four) grandparents of some specific person of couple. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Grandparent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Grandson :wnsense "grandson1n" ; :wordnet "grandson" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Grandson'' is a male ''Grandchild''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grandson' in WordNet: 1. grandson - (a male grandchild) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grandchild, :MalePerson ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:MalePerson :Grandchild ) ] . :Granite :guid "c12eb66f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Oxygen, :Quartz ; :wnsense "granite1n" ; :wordnet "granite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: All pieces of granite, which is a solid substance composed of several kinds of rock mixed together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'granite' in WordNet: 1. (1) granite - (plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrystallineSubstance, :Mineral . :Granola :guid "c1009310-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "granola1n" ; :wordnet "granola" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'granola' in WordNet: 1. granola - (cereal made of especially rolled oats with dried fruits and nuts and honey or brown sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColdCereal . :GranolaBar :wnsense "granola bar1n" ; :wordnet "granola bar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GranolaBar'' is a ''DessertFood'' that consists mostly of ''Granola'' in the shape of a 'Bar''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'granola bar' in WordNet: 1. granola bar - (cookie bar made of granola) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarOfStuff, :DessertFood, :HandSizedObject, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Granola ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Grant :wnsense "grant1n" ; :wordnet "grant" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Grant'' is any kind of ''EconomicAid'' given without a need for repayment. This is the term most commonly used for supporting research. A 'grant' is usually a one-time quantity of money. A periodic monetary support is often referred to as a ''Subsidy'' (a subtype). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grant' in WordNet: 1. (5) grant - (any monetary aid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicAid . :Granted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Acknowledging ; :wnsense "given1adj", "granted1adj" ; :wordnet "given", "granted" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Granted'' is a subtype of ''AcceptedAsTrue'' characterizing propositions or assertions whose veracity is assumed or believed, and are used as the basis for some form of reasoning. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'granted' in Wordnet: 1. (4) given, granted - (acknowledged as a supposition; 'given the engine's condition, it is a wonder that it started') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcceptedAsTrue, :Acknowledged . :GrantingPermission :en "O.K.", "OK", "allowing", "give permission", "give permission to", "permitting" ; :guid "bd5901e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "allow", "permit" ; :wnsense "allow2v", "approve1v", "countenance1v", "let3v", "okay1v", "permission2n", "permit1v", "sanction1v" ; :wordnet "allow", "approve", "countenance", "let", "okay", "permission", "permit", "sanction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """GrantingPermission is the Action (Event) in which an Authority grants a right (specifically, a Permission) to some Agent to do something, and expresses that in some communication. Cyc: A specialization of #$MakingAnAgreement. Each instance of #$GrantingPermission is an event in which one #$SocialBeing grants some #$Permission to another. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'permit', sense 2 of 'allow', and sense 3 of 'let', and noun sense 2 of 'permission' and include verb sense 1 of 'okay' in WordNet: 1. permit, allow, let, countenance - (consent to, give permission; 'She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband'; 'I won't let the police search her basement'; 'I cannot allow you to see your exam') WN verb 'okay': 1. approve, O.K., okay, sanction - (give sanction to; 'I approve of his educational policies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approval-CommunicationAct, :Letting, :MakingAnAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Permission ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Permission ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ; owl:someValuesFrom :Permitted ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :Granular :guid "0e5896ac-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "coarse-grained1adj", "farinaceous2adj", "grainy1adj", "granular1adj", "granulose1adj", "gritty1adj", "mealy2adj" ; :wordnet "coarse-grained", "farinaceous", "grainy", "granular", "granulose", "gritty", "mealy" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO this is an attribute value of solid objects or substances, , whereas in CYC it is a class of physical objects that are granular. NOTE that this does not apply to a 'grainy' appearance, as in photographs, but is only for substances or objects divided into small particles. The size of each 'grain' may vary from near-powder size to pebbles; the main characteristic is to be composed of multiple particles each of which can be seen with the normal naked eye. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible that consist of a group of granules. Except possibly for groups of very small numbers of granules, #$Granular things are #$FluidTangibleThing and #$Pileable. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'granular' in WordNet, meaning *consisting* of granules, not having a surfact texture that is granular nor have a 'grainy' apperance (like some photographs): in WordNet: 1. (3) farinaceous, coarse-grained, grainy, granular, granulose, gritty, mealy - (composed of or covered with particles resembling meal in texture or consistency; 'granular sugar'; 'the photographs were grainy and indistinct'; 'it left a mealy residue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dry, :ShapeAttribute, :Solid . :GranularObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Object that is granular (including powders) at the time it is referred to. A GranularObject may also 'pour' freely, but will form a pile on a flat surface, rather than spread out thinly in a film. NOTE: the 'identity conditions' of LiquidObjects were discussed in the classic paper by Patrick Hayes 'Naive Physics I. Ontology for Liquids (1985) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousObject, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Granular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :GranularSubstance :hasShape :Granular ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substance that must consist mostly of small granules of matter, like GroundCoffee, but the granules need not be hard; they may consist of small piecesof any kind of matter, hard or soft,such as Food. A 'GranularSubstance' may have, as its constituent particles, a 'Grain' or (for powders) a 'Speck'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, :SubstanceInaSpecificShape . :GranularSubstanceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """GranularSubstanceType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances that are granular (subtypes of 'GranularSubstance') or powdered. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments, and the representation of Substances as classes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstanceType . :Granularity :takesValue :GranularityValue ; :wnsense "granularity1n" ; :wordnet "granularity" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Granularity' is an AttributeType whose values specify the size, in volume, units, or length of time, that is the minimum size of something that can be considered 'Homogeneous'. For the more common sense of 'granularity' (composed of visible-sized particles) the attribute ''Granular'' can be referenced. For PhysicalSubstances, the Granularity can be expressed by use of the relation 'hasGrainDiameter'. See further discussion under 'PhysicalSubstance'. This sense is only a small part of the single sense of 'granularity' in WordNet: 1. coarseness, graininess, granularity - (the quality of being composed of relatively large particles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :GranularityValue a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'GranularityValue' is a QuantitativeAttributeValue that specifies the size (in some units) of an Entity that can be divided in two parts, both of which are of the same type as the starting whole.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :Grape :wnsense "grape1n" ; :wordnet "grape" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fruit that grow in ''Bunch''es on vines of several species of the genus Vitis. Some of the varieties are used to make wine, by fermentation of the crushed fruits. Some varieties have a dull, dark, purplish-red color, and the name of the fruit is also the name of a color of that hue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grape' in Wordnet: 1. (2) grape - (any of various juicy fruit of the genus Vitis with green or purple skins; grow in clusters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrapeVine ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :GrapeJuice :guid "bd58dac4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grape juice1n" ; :wordnet "grape juice" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grape juice' in Wordnet: 1. grape juice - (the juice of grapes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grape ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :GrapeVine :guid "bd58b196-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grapevine2n" ; :wordnet "grapevine" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A vine plant that produces Grapes. Example: Vitis vinifera. This is a whole plant type, not just the vinous portion of the plant. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grapevine' in Wordnet: 2. grape, grapevine - (any of numerous woody vines of genus Vitis bearing clusters of edible berries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vine . :Graph :en "graph" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This strictly a graph-theory concept. For pictorial graphs illustrating relations between quantities (bar graphs, pie charts), use ''GraphicalIllustration''. SUMO: The Class of graphs, where a graph is understood to be a set of GraphNodes connected by GraphArcs. Note that this Class includes only connected graphs, i.e. graphs in which there is a GraphPath between any two GraphNodes. Note too that every Graph is assumed to contain at least two GraphArcs and three GraphNodes. NOTE; Cyc 'SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic' appears to be a subtype:. There is no corresponding Wordnet sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalObject, :PathSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Node ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Link-Generic ] . :GraphCoordinate :wnsense "co-ordinate1n", "coordinate1n" ; :wordnet "co-ordinate", "coordinate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GraphCoordinate'' is a number representing the ''Distance'' from the 'origin' on one of the ''Axis''s of a ''GraphicalIllustration''. This is not the Axis line itself, it is a position on the line. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coordinate' in WordNet: 1. (2) coordinate, co-ordinate - (a number that identifies a position relative to an axis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealNumber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distance ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Graphic :isTheOppositeOf :DifficultToUnderstand, :Vague ; :wnsense "graphic5adj", "lifelike1adj", "pictorial12adj", "vivid1adj" ; :wordnet "graphic", "lifelike", "pictorial", "vivid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Graphic'' is an attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions that are sufficiently detailed that they can create an image of the object or Event that they describe. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'graphic' in Wordnet: 5. graphic, lifelike, pictorial, vivid - (evoking lifelike images within the mind; 'pictorial poetry and prose'; 'graphic accounts of battle'; 'a lifelike portrait'; 'a vivid description') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clear, :Detailed . :GraphicArtist :wnsense "graphic artist1n", "printmaker1n" ; :wordnet "graphic artist", "printmaker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GraphicArtist'' is a ''VisualArtist'' who creates two-dimensional images (''PhysicalImage'') of any genre in any medium. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'graphic artist' in WordNet: 1. printmaker, graphic artist - (an artist who designs and makes prints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisualArtist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Picture ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :GraphicalIllustration :wnsense "graph1n" ; :wordnet "graph" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Illustration'' (which is an 'AbstractImage'') that depicts relations between objects, usually having some quantitative component, as in a bar graph or pie chart. For the ''Graph'' that is the mathematical subject of graph theory, use ''Graph'' Includes but is somewhat broader than noun sense 1 of 'graph' in Wordnet, in that it includes graphical relations that may have no reference to quantities: in WordNet: 1. (15) graph, graphical record - (a visual representation of the relations between certain quantities plotted with reference to a set of axes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :Illustration . :Graphics :wnsense "art4n", "artwork1n", "graphics1n", "graphics2n", "nontextual matter1n" ; :wordnet "art", "artwork", "graphics", "nontextual matter" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Graphics'' is the part(s) of a document (abstract or physical) that has charts, drawings,or pictures rather than just words. The images (such as charts) may have some words in them, but those will not be layed out as linear text. WN gloss refers to a 'printed publication' but this includes the abstract representions as well as digital documents. Includes but is broader than noun senses 1 and 2 of 'graphics' in WordNet: 1. artwork, art, graphics, nontextual matter - (photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication; 'the publisher was responsible for all the artwork in the book') 2. graphics - (the drawings and photographs in the layout of a book) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericImage, :TwoDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Document-Physical :AbstractDocument :DocumentType ) ] ] . :Graphite :guid "bd58f9c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "graphite1n" ; :wordnet "graphite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A soft, black, lustrous form of carbon. It is necessarily solid, but may be in a loose powdery form, or compacted into a hard solid. The powder form can be used as a lubricant in machinery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graphite' in WordNet: 1. (5) graphite, black lead, plumbago - (used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carbon, :Mineral, :SolidSubstance . :GraphitePowder :wnsense "graphite1n" ; :wordnet "graphite" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The powder form of 'Graphite' that can be used as a lubricant in machinery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'graphite' in WordNet: 1. (5) graphite, black lead, plumbago - (used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :Graphite, :Lubricant, :Powder . :GrasperArm :en "grasper arm", "gripper arm" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GrasperArm'' is part of a ''GrippingTool'' that has two 'arms', in which each of those two 'arms' are ''GrasperArm''s. The ''GrasperArm'' has a ''Handle'' at one end and a ''GrasperJaw'' at the other end. The two arms pivot around a ''PivotDevice'' which serves as a lever to allow applying pressure to the item to be gripped, at the 'jaws' end. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :PartOfanArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grasping ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrasperJaw ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrippingTool ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :GrasperJaw :en "grasper jaw", "gripper jaw" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GrasperJaw'' is the part of a ''GrasperArm'' t the end of a ''Tongs'' or ''Tweezers'' that applies the direct pressure to the object being grasped when the two arms of the ''GrippingTool'' have a firm grip on the ''ManipuatedObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrippingJaw, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrasperArm ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :Grasping :en "grasping" ; :guid "bab619f0-c752-41d7-8ba6-ea2017d2b2bc" ; :wnsense "grasp1v" ; :wordnet "grasp" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Grasping' is a 'HoldingWithHand' in which the hands directly touch the object being held, the holding is firm, with the fingers curled around the held object (or part of the held object that permits control of it). COSMO note: in COSMO 'Grasping' can be with more than one hand, as in grasping a baseball bat. NOTE that the sense of 'grasp' meaning to initiate a 'holding' state is not in WN, though it is in RHW. That sense is represented in COSMO by 'GrabbingOntoWithHand'. The sense represented here is the result of a 'GrabbingOntoWithHand'. See the parent 'HoldingWithHand' for that restriction/relation. Cyc: A specialization of #$HoldingWithOneHand. In instances of #$Grasping, the object being acted on is held between the curled fingers and the palm of the performer of the holding. Includes verb sense 1 of 'grasp' in WordNet: 1. (15) grasp, hold on - - (hold firmly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrippingWithHands, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tight ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Grass :consistsOfManyOf :Grass-Plant ; :hasColor :GreenColor ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Grassy ; :ldoce "grass" ; :wnsense "grass1n" ; :wordnet "grass" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Lawn grass (turf), considered as a substance. WordNet has only the collective sense of a number of grass plants; this sense is not the same as that in WordNet - 'GrassPlant' is closer. But the WN sense 1 can be interpreted as a 'substance' in that it can be processed into hay. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grass' in WordNet: 1. (41) grass - (narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grassy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Grass-Plant :guid "bd589956-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "grass" ; :wnsense "grass1n" ; :wordnet "grass" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual plants which are part of a mass of turf grass. Corresponds most closely to 'grass' sense 1 in Wordnet, though the WordNet sense seems to be the collective grouping of GrassPlants in WordNet: 1. (41) grass - (narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrassFamily . :GrassFamily :guid "bd58d514-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All individual plants from the order of Grasses, which includes cereal grains, bamboo, turf grass, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant-NonWoody . :GrassRoots :en "grass-roots" ; :enn "grass-roots" ; :wnsense "grass roots2n" ; :wordnet "grass roots" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grass roots' in WordNet: 2. grass roots - (the common people at a local level (as distinguished from the centers of political activity)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommonFolk . :Grasshopper :guid "bd58a409-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grasshopper1n", "hopper4n" ; :wordnet "grasshopper", "hopper" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Insects with disproportionately large hind legs that are used for jumping. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grasshopper' in WordNet: 1. (4) grasshopper, hopper - (terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect, :Vermin . :Grassland :wnsense "grassland1n" ; :wordnet "grassland" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Grassland'' is a ''Tract' of land that is dominated by 'grasses' broadly defined (''GrassFamily'' is an organism of the biological family of 'grasses'): many types of vegetation ae considered as subtypes of ''GrassFamily''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grassland' in WordNet: 1. grassland - (land where grass or grasslike vegetation grows and is the dominant form of plant life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrassFamily ; owl:minCardinality "100"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grass ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grassy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Grassroots :wnsense "grassroots2adj" ; :wordnet "grassroots" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Grassroots'' is a subattribute of 'Popular-ByThePeople'' pertaining to political movements and meaning 'arising from andorganized by a Group of people' (rather than created by some individual or organization who pays organizers to recruit people). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'grassroots' in Wordnet: 2. grassroots - (of or involving the common people as constituting a fundamental political and economic group; 'a grassroots movement for nuclear disarmament') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Popular-ByThePeople . :Grassy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Grass, :Soil, :Turf ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Grass ; :wnsense "grassy1adj" ; :wordnet "grassy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of the top layer of the ground (''Soil'') that has a significant amount of ''Grass'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grassy' in Wordnet: 1. grassy - (abounding in grass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Grateful :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Gratitude ; :ldoce "grateful" ; :wnsense "grateful1adj", "thankful1adj" ; :wordnet "grateful", "thankful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Gratitude. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grateful' in WordNet: 1. (10) grateful, thankful - (feeling or showing gratitude; 'a grateful heart'; 'grateful for the tree's shade'; 'a thankful smile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Gratifying :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Satisfaction ; :wnsense "appreciated1adj", "gratifying1adj", "pleasing3adj", "satisfying1adj" ; :wordnet "appreciated", "gratifying", "pleasing", "satisfying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gratifying'' is the attribute of events or objeects that can (in some way, by experiencing or perceiving) cause the Feeling of ''Satisfaction''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gratifying' in Wordnet: 1. (1) appreciated, gratifying, pleasing, satisfying - (giving pleasure or satisfaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Grating :wnsense "grate1n", "grate3n", "grating1n", "grating2n" ; :wordnet "grate", "grating" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Grating'' is a ''SolidObject'' in approximately planar form that has a ''CrissCross'' pattern of LongAnThin rigid solid objects (such as ''MetalRod''s or ''MetalStrip''s), relatively ''Rigid'' though it may be flexed to some extent, serving to some extent as a ''Barrier'' depending on the size of the openings in the Grating (the distance between parallel strips). A ''Grating'' is composed of crossed metal rods, designed to block the passage of people and perhaps other animals, but permit passage of air and permit some viewing across the barrier. This generic ''Grating'' includes the kind of grate that may be oriented horizontally to serve as a support for food while cooking (as on a grill). Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'grating' in Wordnet: 1. (2) grate, grating - (a barrier that has parallel or crossed bars blocking a passage but admitting air) 2. grate, grating - (a frame of iron bars to hold a fire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrissCross, :Framework, :SolidObject, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MetalRod :MetalStrip :BarOrWireType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Gratitude :en "appreciation" ; :guid "bd588970-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "appreciate1v", "gratefulness1n", "gratitude1n", "thankfulness1n" ; :wordnet "appreciate", "gratefulness", "gratitude", "thankfulness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Gratitude is some agent's feeling of appreciation towards another agent for a benefit or favor received from the latter agent. Instances of #$Gratitude vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the object of gratitude. The labels include 'appreciation' although in Wordnet 'appreciation' is glossed as an 'expression' of gratitude; in RHW sense 1 it is synonymous with 'gratitude': RHW gratitude; thankful recognition: They showed their appreciation by giving him a gold watch. However, in WN the verb 'appreciate' does fit with this type: WN verb 'appreciate': in WordNet: 1. (12) appreciate - (recognize with gratitude; be grateful for) WN includes noun sense 1 of 'gratitude' and noun sense 1 of 'gratefulness' in Wordnet: 1. (2) gratitude - (a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation; 'he was overwhelmed with gratitude for their help') WN noun 'gratefulness': 1. gratefulness, thankfulness, appreciativeness - (warm friendly feelings of gratitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Thanking :ActionType ) ] ] . :Gratuitous :wnsense "gratuitous1adj", "gratuitous3adj", "needless1adj", "uncalled-for2adj" ; :wordnet "gratuitous", "needless", "uncalled-for" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gratuitous'' is a sutbype of ''Unnecessary'' that includes an evaluative judgment that the thing characterized (usually an Action) is also ''Improper''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'gratuitous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gratuitous - (without cause; 'a gratuitous insult') 3. gratuitous, needless, uncalled-for - (unnecessary and unwarranted; 'a strikers' tent camp...was burned with needless loss of life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :EvaluativeAttribute, :Improper, :Unnecessary . :Gravamen :en "gravamen" ; :enn "gravamen" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Gravamen'' is the part of a ''LegalAllegation'' that is most significant (''Principal'') in making the case for the alegation. The term 'gravamen' is used mostly in reference to ''LegalAllegation''s. Not all ''LegalAllegation''s need have a ''Gravamen'', if they have multiple ''Assertion''s of approximately equal weight. No WN sense for 'gravamen'. RHW 'gravamen': Law: 1. the part of an accusation that weighs most heavily against the accused; the substantial part of a charge or complaint. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAllegation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Principal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalAllegation ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Grave :guid "c0fcd15c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "grave" ; :wnsense "grave2n", "tomb1n" ; :wordnet "grave", "tomb" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A cavity in the ground where the body or other remains of an animal (usually a person is contained. This is a specialization of 'Tomb', which could be above or below ground. A Grave must be below ground, coresponding to sense 1 of 'grave' in RHW: 1. an excavation made in the earth in which to bury a dead body. NOT that a Grave with any kind of marker on top is a 'Tomb' In Cyc called 'Grave-Modern' Cyc: The site where a dead person is buried. Corresponds to part of (below ground) noun sense 2 of 'grave' in WordNet, but not necessarily marked by a tombstone - unmarked graves are included: in WordNet: 2. (5) grave, tomb - (a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone); 'he put flowers on his mother's grave') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :Tomb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coffin ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Corpse ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GraveSite ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :GraveMarker :guid "c0fce184-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The marker at a grave usually detailing the name, date of birth and date of death of the person buried there. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :MemorialMarker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GraveSite ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :GraveSite :guid "c10c369c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A place which has been used or is intended to be used as a place to store the remains of a dead person or persons. This can be the site of a single grave ('Tomb'). For the site of multiple graves, use the subtype 'Graveyard'. This is a physical object, not a region.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :FixedStructure, :Place, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanCorpse ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Tomb ] . :Gravel :wnsense "gravel1n" ; :wordnet "gravel" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :StoneType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Gravel' is a substance that is a type of stone (i.e. rock) that is divided into small pieces (larger than the size of sand grains), whether by a natural or artificial process. The pieces may be rounded, as in pebbles, or angular. From the Wikipedia article on 'gravel': Gravel is composed of unconsolidated rock fragments that have a general particle size range and include size classes from granule- to boulder-sized fragments. Gravel is sub-categorized by the Udden-Wentworth scale into granular gravel (>2 to 4 mm or 0.079 to 0.157 in) and pebble gravel (>4 to 64 mm or 0.2 to 2.5 in). One cubic yard of gravel typically weighs about 3000 pounds (or a cubic metre is about 1,800 kilograms). Gravel is an important commercial product, with a number of applications. Many roadways are surfaced with gravel, especially in rural areas where there is little traffic. Globally, far more roads are surfaced with gravel than with concrete or tarmac; Russia alone has over 400,000 km (250,000 mi) of gravel roads.[citation needed] Both sand and small gravel are also important for the manufacture of concrete. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravel' in WordNet: 1. (3) gravel, crushed rock - (rock fragments and pebbles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :Stone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Granular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Graveyard :guid "c0fcd16e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cemetery1n", "graveyard1n" ; :wordnet "cemetery", "graveyard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A plot of land containing a number (at least 3) of graves of people. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'graveyard' and sense 1 of 'cemetery' in WordNet: 1. (3) cemetery, graveyard, burial site, burial ground, burying ground, memorial park, necropolis - (a tract of land used for burials) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GraveSite, :OutdoorObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Tomb :Grave ) ] ] . :Gravitational :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Gravity :GravitationalField ) ] ; :wnsense "gravitational1adj", "gravitative1adj" ; :wordnet "gravitational", "gravitative" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gravitational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue of the force of ''Gravity''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gravitational' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gravitational, gravitative - (of or relating to or caused by gravitation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GravitationalField :wnsense "gravitational field1n" ; :wordnet "gravitational field" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GravitationalField'' is a ''ForceField'' in which objects having 'mass' will experience some gravitational attraction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravitational field' in WordNet: 1. (1) gravitational field - (a field of force surrounding a body of finite mass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForceField, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gravity ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GravitationalFieldRegion ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :GravitationalFieldRegion :en "gravitational field region", "region with a gravitational field" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GravitationalFieldRegion'' is a ''ForceFieldRegion'' in which the ''ForceField'' of interest (there may be others) is a ''GravitationalField''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForceFieldRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GravitationalField ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :GravitationallyBoundObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GravitationallyBoundObject is an object that has a mass and density sufficiently large that it will (eventually) settle out from the Earth's atmosphere, in the absent of agitation or shear forces that keep it suspended (unless it is in orbit). This Type is created to provide a more restricted Type of PhysicalObjects that will be the domain and range for relations of 'support' and 'on top of', excluding submicroscopic objects for which such relations make no sense. The subtype 'MacrosopicObject' and its subtypes will be those most commonly used with the 'support' relations. This type of Object need not be solid: portions of a liquid can be supported by surfaces and containers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject . :Gravity :ldoce "wonder" ; :wnsense "gravitation1n", "gravitational attraction1n", "gravitational force1n", "gravity1n" ; :wordnet "gravitation", "gravitational attraction", "gravitational force", "gravity" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gravity'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' generated between two or more PhysicalObjects due to and proportional to the quantity of ''Mass'' that each object has.. NOTE that as a ''Phenomenon'' this is a type of ''Event'', which seems a bit odd, but a situation with gravity can be considered as a static Event. If gravity is viewed as a curvature in space-time, this classification might present problems. @ToDo: will this ever be an issue?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravity' in WordNet: 1. (3) gravity, gravitation, gravitational attraction, gravitational force - ((physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface; 'the more remote the body the less the gravity'; 'the gravitation between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them'; 'gravitation cannot be held responsible for people falling in love'-Albert Einstein) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractiveForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GravitationalField ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Gravy :guid "bd58b87c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gravy1n" ; :wordnet "gravy" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gravy'' is a '''Sauce'' prepared from the drippings of meat that has been cooked, often thickened with flour. RHW: the fat and juices that drip from cooking meat, often thickened, seasoned, flavored, etc., and used as a sauce for meat, potatoes, rice, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravy' in Wordnet: 1. gravy - (basically the juices that drip from cooking meats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sauce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CookingMeat ] . :Gray :wnsense "Gray1n" ; :wordnet "Gray" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI absorbed dose measure. Symbol: Gy. It measures the dose of radiation absorbed in living tissue. It is equal approximately to the absorbed dose delivered when the energy per unit mass imparted to matter by ionizing radiation is 1 Joule per kilogram. Gray = J/kg = m^2*s^(-2) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :GrayColor :guid "f226bc78-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "gray" ; :wnsense "gray1adj", "gray1n", "grayish1adj", "grayness1n", "grey1adj", "grey5n", "greyish1adj", "greyness1n" ; :wordnet "gray", "grayish", "grayness", "grey", "greyish", "greyness" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color 'gray' (grey). Light grays are not considered 'Colored' - a deep gray would be. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and adjective sense 1 of 'gray' in WordNet: WN noun 'gray' 1. (6) gray, grayness, grey, greyness - (a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black) WN adjective 'gray': 1. (39) grey, gray, greyish, grayish - (of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black; the little grey cells; gray flannel suit; a man with greyish hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AchromaticColor, :ColorAttribute . :Grayish :wnsense "grayish1adj", "greyish1adj" ; :wordnet "grayish", "greyish" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A light ''Gray' color. Light grays are not considered 'Colored' - a deep gray would be. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'gray' in WordNet: WN adjective 'gray': 1. (39) grey, gray, greyish, grayish - (of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black; the little grey cells; gray flannel suit; a man with greyish hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :Grazing :wnsense "browse2v", "crop4v", "crop5v", "graze1v", "graze3v", "pasture1v", "pasture2v", "range6v" ; :wordnet "browse", "crop", "graze", "pasture", "range" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Grazing' is a form of 'AnimalFeeding' (intransitive sense) in which some ''Herbivore'' animal (often a ruminant) feeds itself by eating some form of grass growing (often wild). The animals feedingand a farmer letting the animals feed are differentiable, but are combined here untlmore detail is needed.. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'graze' in WordNet: 1. (3) crop, browse, graze, range, pasture - (feed as in a meadow or pasture; 'the herd was grazing') 3. crop, graze, pasture - (let feed in a field or pasture or meadow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalFeeding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Grassland ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Herbivore ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Grease :wnsense "grease1n", "lubricating oil1n" ; :wordnet "grease", "lubricating oil" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Grease as a lubricant comes in many different chemical compositions, including silicone which is not organic. It is more viscous than a typical 'oil', sufficiently to not be pourable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grease' in Wordnet: 1. (5) grease, lubricating oil - (a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lubricant, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Greasy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Greasy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Oiliness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingResembling :Grease ; :wnsense "greasy1adj", "oily1adj", "oleaginous2adj", "sebaceous1adj" ; :wordnet "greasy", "oily", "oleaginous", "sebaceous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having a viscosity similar to or slightly more than a gelatine, but being not pourable, and being sufficiently organic so that it adheres to the skin and continues to provide a lubircating effect on the fingers even after having been rubbed back and forth several times, like vaseline. Fatty substances and hydrocarbons have this effect. This is a substance attribute, so 'greasy' objects are not included, except by linguistic inference. @ToDo: 'oily' and 'greasy' should be different. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'greasy' in Wordnet: 1. (7) greasy, oily, sebaceous, oleaginous - (containing an unusual amount of grease or oil; 'greasy hamburgers'; 'oily fried potatoes'; 'oleaginous seeds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemiSolid . :GreasyGrime :wnsense "grease2n" ; :wordnet "grease" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GreasyGrime'' is a subtype of ''Grime'' consisting of ''Grease'' that gets attached to a surface toform an *unwanted* spot in a ''Dirtying'' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grease' in WordNet: 2. (11) dirt, filth, grime, soil, stain, grease, grunge - (the state of being covered with unclean things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grime . :Great :isTheOppositeOf :ModestInScale ; :ldoce "great" ; :wnsense "great1adj" ; :wordnet "great" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A more intensive subtype of 'large' - of PhysicalObjects or Actions. In some cases things are called 'great' instead of 'large' as in 'great auk' - contrasting only two varieties of similar objects. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 of 'great' in WordNet: 1. (123) great - (relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind; 'a great juicy steak'; 'a great multitude'; 'the great auk'; 'a great old oak'; 'a great ocean liner'; 'a great delay') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Large . :GreatApe :wnsense "great ape1n", "pongid1n" ; :wordnet "great ape", "pongid" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'great ape' in WordNet: 1. great ape, pongid - (any of the large anthropoid apes of the family Pongidae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnthropoidApe . :GreatBritain :wnsense "Great Britain1n", "United Kingdom1n" ; :wordnet "Great Britain", "United Kingdom" ; a :Country, :Government ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Great Britain' in Wordnet: 1. (1) United Kingdom, UK, U.K., Great Britain, GB, Britain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - (a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland) """ . :GreatCircle :wnsense "great circle1n" ; :wordnet "great circle" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'great circle' in WordNet: 1. great circle - (a circular line on the surface of a sphere formed by intersecting it with a plane passing through the center) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Circle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Sphere :SphericalObject :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :GreatRiftValley :isaPhysicalPartOf :Africa ; a :RiftValley ; rdfs:comment """ The Great Rift Valley is a series of contiguous geographic trenches, approximately 6,000 kilometres (3,700 mi) in total length, that runs from the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon which is in Asia to Mozambique in Southeast Africa.[1] While the name continues in some usages, it is rarely used in geology as it is considered an imprecise merging of separate though related rift and fault systems. Today, the term is most often used to refer to the valley of the East African Rift, the divergent plate boundary which extends from the Afar Triple Junction southward across eastern Africa, and is in the process of splitting the African Plate into two new separate plates. Geologists generally refer to these incipient plates as the Nubian Plate and the Somali Plate. Today these rifts and faults are seen as distinct, although connected, but originally, the Great Rift Valley was thought to be a single feature that extended from Lebanon in the north to Mozambique in the south, where it constitutes one of two distinct physiographic provinces of the East African mountains. It included what today is called the Lebanese section of the Dead Sea Transform, the Jordan Rift Valley, Red Sea Rift and the East African Rift.[2] These rifts and faults were formed 35 million years ago. """ . :GreatSaltLake :isLocatedAt :StateOfUtah ; a :SaltLake . :GreatWhiteShark :guid "c1422325-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "great white shark1n", "man-eater2n", "man-eating shark1n", "white shark1n" ; :wordnet "great white shark", "man-eater", "man-eating shark", "white shark" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: 'Shark-GreatWhite': A collection of large sharks of the mackerel family. Often referred to simply as white sharks. Their scientific name is Carcharodon carcharias. Also known as the White Pointer or White Death. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'great white shark' in WordNet: 1. great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carcharias - (large aggressive shark widespread in warm seas; known to attack humans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MackerelShark . :GreaterThanHalf a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'GreaterThanHalf' is the type including all RealNumbers that have a numerical value greater than 0.5.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GreaterThanNumber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ] . :GreaterThanNumber a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Number in some range that is greater than the specified value, related by the 'hasLowerLimit' relation. The range of permitted values does not include the limit. The implementation will have to interpret these numbers in whatever manner less-than and greater-than numbers are interpreted.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealNumber . :Greatest :wnsense "greatest1adj" ; :wordnet "greatest" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Greatest'' is an attribute of something that is the best or most prominent or most powerful among some specific group of things. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'greatest' in Wordnet: 1. (1) greatest, sterling, superlative - (highest in quality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Greatness :wnsense "greatness1n", "illustriousness1n" ; :wordnet "greatness", "illustriousness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Greatness'' is a status of a Person who has important accomplishments and prominence at least in some field. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'greatness' in WordNet: 1. (4) greatness, illustriousness - (the property possessed by something or someone of outstanding importance or eminence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eminence, :Prestige, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extraordinary ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Greece :en "Greece" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: Ancient Greek, Hellas. Modern Greek, Ellas. a republic in S Europe at the S end of the Balkan Peninsula. 10,583,126; 50,147 sq. mi. (129,880 sq. km). Cap.: Athens. """ . :Greed :wnsense "greed1n" ; :wordnet "greed" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'greed' in WordNet: 1. (2) greed - (excessive desire to acquire or possess more (especially more material wealth) than one needs or deserves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Excessive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Greedy ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Greedy :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Greed ; :wnsense "avaricious1adj", "covetous1adj", "grabby1adj", "grasping1adj", "greedy1adj", "prehensile1adj" ; :wordnet "avaricious", "covetous", "grabby", "grasping", "greedy", "prehensile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Greedy'' is the AttributeValue of a Person who strongly wants money or valuable things to the point of disregarding the needs of those who may be harmed by his/her acquisitive actions - the attribute of someone experiencing ''Greed''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'greedy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) avaricious, covetous, grabby, grasping, greedy, prehensile - (immoderately desirous of acquiring e.g. wealth; 'they are avaricious and will do anything for money'; 'casting covetous eyes on his neighbor's fields'; 'a grasping old miser'; 'grasping commercialism'; 'greedy for money and power'; 'grew richer and greedier'; 'prehensile employers stingy with raises for their employees') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acquisitive . :Greek :pertainsTo :Greece, :GreekPerson ; :wnsense "Grecian1adj", "Greek1adj", "Hellenic3adj" ; :wordnet "Grecian", "Greek", "Hellenic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Greek'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Greece'' or a ''GreekPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'. Corresponds to adjectuve sense 1 of 'Greek' in WordNet: 1. (19) Greek, Grecian, Hellenic - (of or relating to or characteristic of Greece or the Greeks; 'Greek mythology'; 'a Grecian robe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :GreekAlphabet :wnsense "Greek alphabet1n" ; :wordnet "Greek alphabet" ; a :Alphabet ; rdfs:comment """A ''GreekCharacter'' is the ''Alphabet'' used for writing the Greek language. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Greek alphabet' in WordNet: 1. Greek alphabet - (the alphabet used by ancient Greeks) """ . :GreekCharacter :en "Greek character" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GreekCharacter'' is a ''LetterOfTheAlphabet'' (an''AbstractCharacter'') in the Greek alphabet, such as the first two leters alpha and beta (from which the word 'alphabet' derives). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LetterOfTheAlphabet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GreekAlphabet ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :GreekLanguage :hasQualitativeAttribute :Greek ; :wasCreatedBy :GreekSpeakers ; :wnsense "Greek1n", "Hellenic language1n", "Hellenic1n" ; :wordnet "Greek", "Hellenic", "Hellenic language" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Greek' in WordNet: 1. (6) Greek, Hellenic, Hellenic language - (the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages) """ . :GreekPerson :guid "bd58f89f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Greek2n" ; :wordnet "Greek" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Greece, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Greek' in WordNet: 2. (4) Greek, Hellene - (a native or inhabitant of Greece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Greek ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GreekSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Greek ; a :GroupOfPeople . :GreenColor :guid "fb22d636-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "green" ; :wnsense "green1adj", "green1n", "greenish1adj" ; :wordnet "green", "greenish" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color Green. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'green' in WordNet: 1. (26) green, greenish, light-green, dark-green -- (of the color between blue and yellow in the color spectrum; similar to the color of fresh grass; 'a green tree'; 'green fields'; 'green paint') WN noun 'green': 1. (6) green, greenness, viridity - (green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Greenish . :Greenhouse :guid "bd589c82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glasshouse1n", "greenhouse1n", "nursery2n" ; :wordnet "glasshouse", "greenhouse", "nursery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Greenhouse'' will have a roof and parts of the walls that are mostly transparent panes, usually glass. This can be an isolated building, or attached to or part of a larger structure. It can be ground-level or on a rooftop - but its ceiling has to be exposed to the sky. CYC: The collection of greenhouses Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'greenhouse' in WordNet: 1. (1) greenhouse, nursery, glasshouse - (a building with glass walls and roof; for the cultivation and exhibition of plants under controlled conditions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GlassRoof ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingPlants ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Greenish :guid "8020ef36-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$GreenColor." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :GreenishBlack-Color :guid "6c0d21a8-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Black . :GreenishGray-Color :guid "ca985d5c-74b9-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SlateColor . :GreenishWhite-Color :guid "96da7ff2-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :White . :Greenland :wnsense "Greenland1n" ; :wordnet "Greenland" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Greenland' in WordNet: 1. (2) Greenland, Gronland, Kalaallit Nunaat - (the largest island in the world; lies between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean; a self-governing province of Denmark) """ . :Greeting :ldoce "greet", "greeting" ; :wnsense "greet1v", "greeting1n", "salutation2n" ; :wordnet "greet", "greeting", "salutation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of Speaking (an Action) in which some form of greeting ('hello', 'hi', etc.) is expressed, on meeting or parting; this includes 'hello' and 'farewell' phrases. This is an Action in which words are spoken, not the abstract content of those words or gestures. A conventional gesture of greeting like a military 'salute' is represented by ''saluting''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'greeting' and verb sense 1 of 'greet' in WordNet: WN 'greeting' (noun) 1. (5) greeting, salutation - ((usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)) WN 'greet': 1. (12) greet, recognize, recognise - (express greetings upon meeting someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking . :GreetingCard :ldoce "card" ; :wnsense "card3n", "greeting card1n" ; :wordnet "card", "greeting card" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'greeting card' in WordNet: 1. greeting card - (a card sent to express personal greetings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Card, :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GreetingGesture a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GreetingGesture'' is a ''MakingAGesture'' while meeting another Person, as an expression of goodwill, occurring typically at the same time as a ''Greeting'' that is a Speaking Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Greeting, :MakingAGesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :GreetingPhrase a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Phrase' (Group of Words) used when first meeting another person, or when parting from a Person. This includes 'hello' and 'good bye' type phrases. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase . :Grenada :wnsense "Grenada1n" ; :wordnet "Grenada" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Grenada' in WordNet: 1. Grenada - (an island state in the West Indies in the southeastern Caribbean Sea; an independent state within the British Commonwealth) """ . :Grenade :CYC "Grenade-Generic" ; :guid "e2bd353c-f51f-41d7-99fb-e9182fb125cc" ; :wnsense "grenade1n" ; :wordnet "grenade" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Grenade-Generic\"': An instance of #$WeaponType. Each instance of #$Grenade-Generic is an instance of either #$HandGrenade or #$RifleGrenade. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grenade' in WordNet: 1. (5) grenade - (a small explosive bomb thrown by hand or fired from a missile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bomb . :Grenadier :wnsense "grenade thrower1n", "grenadier1n" ; :wordnet "grenade thrower", "grenadier" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Grenadier'' used to be a specialized infantryman, but in modern armies most infantrymen carry ''HandGrenade''s. So this type is mostly obsolete as a separate type of fighting unit, remembered mostly in tradition and song: Wikipedia: The British Grenadiers \" The British Grenadiers \" is a traditional marching song of British, Australian and Canadian military units whose badge of identification features a grenade, the tune of which dates from the 17th century. It is the Regimental Quick March of the Royal Artillery (since 1716), Corps of Royal Engineers (since 1787), the Honourable Artillery Company (since 1716), Grenadier Guards 'The First (later 'Grenadier') Regiment of Foot Guards' (since 1763), and the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (since 1763). It is also an authorised march of the Royal Australian Artillery, The Royal Gibraltar Regiment, The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery, The Royal Regiment of Canada, The Princess Louise Fusiliers, and The 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles. The standard orchestration for the military band was approved in 1762, when the Royal Artillery Band (initiated in 1557) became recognised officially,[1] and for all other 'grenade' regiments in 1763, when the remaining unofficial bands gained official status. \" Some talk of Alexander, and some of Hercules Of Hector and Lysander, and such great names as these. But of all the world's brave heroes, there's none that can compare. With a tow, row, row, row, row, row, to the British Grenadiers. Those heroes of antiquity ne'er saw a cannon ball, Or knew the force of powder to slay their foes withal. But our brave boys do know it, and banish all their fears, With a tow, row, row, row, row, row, for the British Grenadiers. Whene'er we are commanded to storm the palisades, Our leaders march with fusees, and we with hand grenades. We throw them from the glacis, about the enemies' ears. With a tow, row, row, row, row, row, the British Grenadiers. And when the siege is over, we to the town repair. The townsmen cry, \"Hurrah, boys, here comes a Grenadier! Here come the Grenadiers, my boys, who know no doubts or fears! Then sing tow, row, row, row, row, row, the British Grenadiers. Then let us fill a bumper, and drink a health of those Who carry caps and pouches, and wear the louped clothes. May they and their commanders live happy all their years. With a tow, row, row, row, row, row, for the British Grenadiers.\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grenadier' in WordNet: 1. grenadier, grenade thrower - (an infantryman equipped with grenades) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Infantryman . :Grenadine :wnsense "grenadine1n" ; :wordnet "grenadine" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grenadine' in WordNet: 1. grenadine - (thin syrup made from pomegranate juice; used in mixed drinks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Syrup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pomegranate ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Griddle :guid "c0363958-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "griddle1n" ; :wordnet "griddle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Griddle'' is a ''CookingUtensil'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'griddle' in WordNet: 1. griddle - (cooking utensil consisting of a flat heated surface (as on top of a stove) on which food is cooked) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatBottomedObject, :FryingPan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingSurface ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frying ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Griddling ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Griddling :wnsense "griddle1v" ; :wordnet "griddle" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'griddle' in WordNet: 1. griddle - (cook on a griddle; 'griddle pancakes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Griddle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Grief :guid "bd58d367-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "grief", "grieve" ; :wnsense "bereavement1n", "brokenheartedness1n", "grief1n", "grieve1v", "heartache1n", "heartbreak1n", "mourn1v", "mourning1n" ; :wordnet "bereavement", "brokenheartedness", "grief", "grieve", "heartache", "heartbreak", "mourn", "mourning" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is classified in COSMO as an intense form (a subtype) of Sadness, caused by some PersonalLoss; the PersonalLoss is not restricted to loss of a loved person, as in WordNet, but is more general, as suggested by the sense 1 in RHW and by the Cyc definition: RHW 'grief': 1. keen mental suffering or distress over affliction or loss; sharp sorrow; painful regret. Cyc does not have 'Grief' subsumed by 'Sadness', but has Grief as a subtype of 'Depression'. Cyc: Intense emotional suffering or poignant distress caused by or as if by bereavement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grief' and verb sense 1 of 'grieve' and noun sense 1 of 'sorrow' in WordNet: WN 'grief': 1. (5) grief, heartache, heartbreak, brokenheartedness - (intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)) WN 'grieve': 1. (1) grieve, sorrow - (feel grief; eat one's heart out) WN verb 'mourn': 1. (6) mourn - (feel sadness; 'She is mourning her dead child') WN'mourning': 1. mourning, bereavement - (state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sorrow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonalLoss ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sorrow ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :Grievance :wnsense "grievance2n" ; :wordnet "grievance" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Grievance'' is an ''Allegation'' that may be made by a person with a ''Grudge'' (a ''Feeling''), asserting the Action(s) that caused the ''Grudge''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grievance' in WordNet: 2. (1) grievance - (an allegation that something imposes an illegal obligation or denies some legal right or causes injustice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Allegation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grudge ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HarmingAnAgent :Wrongdoing :DeprivingOfaRight :ActionType ) ] ] . :Grilled :guid "2d3374ee-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Food ; :wnsense "grilled1adj", "grilled2adj" ; :wordnet "grilled" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subcollection of food whose instances have been grilled - a specialization of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Grilled has been prepared in an event of #$GrillingFood, using a #$BBQGrill or an #$ElectricGrill. NOTE: 'barbecued' and 'broiled' should be subtypes. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'grilled' in Wordnet: 1. broiled, grilled - (cooked by radiant heat (as over a grill)) 2. barbecued, grilled - (cooked over an outdoor grill) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cooked . :GrillingFood :en "cook on a grill", "grilling food" ; :eng "grilling" ; :guid "bd58baa8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grill1v" ; :wordnet "grill" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CookingFood. In each instance of #$GrillingFood, food is placed on a cooking utensil consisting of several parallel metal bars, where the food is exposed to direct radiant heat from below. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grill' in WordNet: 1. (1) grill - (cook over a grill; 'grill the sausages') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingGrill ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Grillwork :wnsense "grill2n", "grille3n", "grillwork2n" ; :wordnet "grill", "grille", "grillwork" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Grillwork' is a sturdy wire ''Mesh'' used as the supporting surface in a ''CookingGrill''. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 2 of 'grillwork' in WordNet (for cooking outdors) *but* this is *not* the whole device, just the metal supporting surface grillwork in it: in WordNet: 3. grill, grille, grillwork - (a framework of metal bars used as a partition or a grate; 'he cooked hamburgers on the grill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mesh, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingGrill ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Grimace :wnsense "face9n", "grimace1n" ; :wordnet "face", "grimace" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Grimace' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', expressing some kind of displeasure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grimace' in WordNet: 1. grimace, face - (a contorted facial expression; 'she made a grimace at the prospect') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displeasure ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Grimacing :wnsense "grimace1v" ; :wordnet "grimace" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grimace' in WordNet: 1. (2) grimace, make a face, pull a face - (contort the face to indicate a certain mental or emotional state; 'He grimaced when he saw the amount of homework he had to do') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :MakingFacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grimace ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :Grime :ldoce "dirt" ; :wnsense "dirt2n", "filth2n", "grime1n", "grunge1n", "soil1n", "stain3n" ; :wordnet "acquisition", "dirt", "filth", "grime", "grunge", "soil", "stain" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Grime is an impurity that has become attached to the surface of, or penetrated somewhat below the surface of, an object which did not originally have the Grime on it. Grime can be solid, liquid, or a mixture. It might be removed by a CleaningEvent. Note that any impurity, even a light coating of 'Dust' will qualify as 'Grime' if it is inappropriately (non-functionally) on the surface of an Object. As an 'Impurity', 'Grime' is always undesirable. (if someone intentionally adds grimy stuff to a surface for some constructive (non-malevolent) purpose, it is no longer 'Undesirable' and no longer qualifies as 'Grime' in COSMO). See ''Dirtying'' for things getting ''Grime'' on them. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dirt' and sense 1 of 'grime' in WordNet: 2. (11) dirt, filth, grime, soil, stain, grease, grunge - (the state of being covered with unclean things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impurity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAcquiredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Dirtying ] . :Grinding :en "grinding", "grinding something up", "grinding up", "grinding up something" ; :guid "bd58b0df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bray2v", "comminute1v", "crunch4v", "grind3v" ; :wordnet "bray", "comminute", "crunch", "grind" ; a :ActionType, :CuttingOrGrindingType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Grinding event, an Object or substance is broken or torn into smaller pieces through the steady application of force, typically in a circular motion. COSMO note: this *does not* include sawing (a ''CuttingSomething'') or some forms of drilling (a ''CuttingSomething'') or Ablation ('RemovingPhysically'' and ''Separation-Complete'') that produce a GranularSubstance; this is for Actions that produce a GranularSubstance as the *main* product. RHW 'bray': 1. to pound or crush fine, as in a mortar. Oddly, in Wordnet 'pulverize and 'Grind' do not have a common hypernym. Weird. 'pulverize' is transitive, but the parent 'change' is intransitive. The hierarchy differs here from WN. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'grind' in WordNet: 3. (2) grind, mash, crunch, bray, comminute - (reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading; 'grind the spices in a mortar'; 'mash the garlic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialHandling, :PulverizationEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grindings ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :GrindingMachine :wnsense "grinder3n", "mill4n", "milling machinery1n" ; :wordnet "grinder", "mill", "milling machinery" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''GrindingMachine'' grinds, mills, or pulverizes objects into granular material that can be from course grains down to a fine powder. This is for machines whose main purpose is to create a granular material, and does not just create it as a byproduct (as in sawing or shaping). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'grinder' in WordNet: 3. mill, grinder, milling machinery - (machinery that processes materials by grinding or crushing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grinding ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ] . :GrindingMeat :en "grinding meat" ; a :ActionType, :CuttingOrGrindingType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GrindingMeat'' is the Action of ''Grinding'' with the patient (object) of the action being ''Meat'' (or a ''MeatObject'' - some quantity of Meat). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grinding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroundMeat ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :GrindingSomethingDown :en "grinding", "grinding down" ; :wnsense "grind7v" ; :wordnet "grind" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GrindingSomethingDown'' is an Action in which some object is abraded by moving across a ''RoughSurface'' or by scraping a rough-surfaced Object across it, with the intention of changing the shape of the ''SolidObject''. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'grind' in WordNet: 7. grind - (shape or form by grinding; 'grind lenses for glasses and cameras') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, :ShapeChange, :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoughSurface ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :GrindingaLens :en "grinding a lens", "lens grinding" ; :wnsense "grind7v" ; :wordnet "grind" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GrindingaLens'' is a ''GrindingSomethingDown''that produces a ''GroundGlassLens''. NOTE: this synset is also used for the parent type ''GrindingSomethingDown'' - this is only a part. Corresponds to part of verb sense 7 of 'grind' in WordNet: 7. grind - (shape or form by grinding; \"grind lenses for glasses and cameras\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrindingSomethingDown, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GlassObject ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroundGlassLens ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Grindings :isProducedByEventType :Grinding ; :wnsense "grinding1n" ; :wordnet "grinding" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Grindings' is a PhysicalSubstance that is produced by a 'Grinding' action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'powder' in WordNet: 1. (1) grinding - (matter resulting from the process of grinding; 'vegetable grindings clogged the drain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance . :Grinning :en "grinning" ; :wnsense "grin1n" ; :wordnet "grin" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Grinning'' is a form of ''Smiling'' that is less pronounced than a big 'Smile'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grin' in WordNet: 1. (18) grin - (to draw back the lips and reveal the teeth, in a smile, grimace, or snarl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :MakingFacialExpression . :Grip :en "grip" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attributeValue 'Grip' is the ability to hold tightly with the hand to some SolidObject more forcefully than the average person, so as to manipulate the object more easily or in certain ways requiring application of force. 'He had a powerful grip'. No WN sense quite captures this sense. RHW 'grip': 2. the power of gripping: He has a strong grip. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Might-Physical . :GrippingJaw :en "grasper jaw", "gripper jaw" ; :wnsense "jaw3n" ; :wordnet "jaw" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GrippingJaw'' is the part of a ''HolderGripper'' (large or small, had-held or bench-mounted) that applies the direct pressure to the object being grasped when the two arms of a ''HolderGripper'' are actually gripping the ''WorkedObject''. ''\"ApplyingAPressure\"'' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'jaw' in WordNet: 3. jaw - (holding device consisting of one or both of the opposing parts of a tool that close to hold an object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :PartOfanArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HolderGripper ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :GrippingTool :en "grasping tool", "gripping tool" ; :guid "bd58c762-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GrippingTool'' is any of a broad range of ''Tool''s that are used for ''Grasping'' of solid objects. These are ''HandTool''s but might need two hands to use, and might have long handles. For gripping tools thatare not held in the hands, use other subtype ofs ''HolderGripper'' (e.g. ''Vise''). In CYC 'GraspingImplement':#$GraspingImplement is a specialization of #$HandTool. Each instance of #$GraspingImplement is a tool which is intended to be used to grasp (and often to subsequently immobilize or control the location/movement of) some other solid object. Specializations of #$GraspingImplement include #$Vise, #$Forceps, and #$Tweezers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :HolderGripper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrippingWithHands ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :GrippingWithHands :guid "bd58de3e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grip1v" ; :wordnet "grip" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gripping'' is a ''Grabbing'' resulting in a ''HoldingAnObject'' performed by a Person and using one or two Hands, and possibly using a ''GrippingTool'' or similar object to assist the Action. This Action allows the Person doing the ''GrippingWithHands'' to control the object gripped, either to keep it from noving, or to move it uner that Person's control. CYC: 'GraspingSomethingWithATool' A specialization of #$HandlingADevice and #$HoldingAnObject: a collection of events in which a tool (cf. #$GraspingImplement) is used to grasp some object. For 'gripping' *directly* with the hand, use ''Grasping''. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'grip' , (including the use of gripping tools) in WordNet: 1. (10) grip - (hold fast or firmly; 'He gripped the steering wheel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grabbing, :HandlingADevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :Gripstock :wnsense "gunstock1n", "stock7n" ; :wordnet "gunstock", "stock" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'gunstock' applies not only to the 'stock' of a Rifle but also to 'pistol grips' and any similarly shaped and similarly sized object such as the stock of a ''Crossbow'', designed to be gripped while pointing a Device at some 'target' The 'stock' of a rifle is represented as subtype ''RifleStock''. This type can also be applied to a stock on a camera holder to improve stability while taking still photographs or movies . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gunstock' in WordNet: 1. stock, gunstock - (the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun or part of the support of a machine gun or artillery gun; 'the rifle had been fitted with a special stock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandleStock, :StraightLongAndThinObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grasping ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Grisly :en "sickening" ; :wnsense "ghastly1adj", "grim2adj", "grisly1adj", "gruesome1adj", "macabre1adj" ; :wordnet "ghastly", "grim", "grisly", "gruesome", "macabre" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Grisly'' is an AttributeValue that characterizes situations or objects that cause distress, horror or repulsion when observed. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grisly' in Wordnet: 1. ghastly, grim, grisly, gruesome, macabre, sick - (shockingly repellent; inspiring horror; 'ghastly wounds'; 'the grim aftermath of the bombing'; 'the grim task of burying the victims'; 'a grisly murder'; 'gruesome evidence of human sacrifice'; 'macabre tales of war and plague in the Middle ages'; 'macabre tortures conceived by madmen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distressing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Revulsion ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing ] . :Grocer :en "grocery-man" ; :wnsense "grocer1n" ; :wordnet "grocer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who owns or manages a ''GroceryStore''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grocer' in Wordnet: 1. (5) grocer - (a retail merchant who sells foodstuffs (and some household supplies)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manager, :Merchant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroceryStore ] . :GroceryStore :en "grocery-store" ; :guid "bd58c372-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :sells :Food ; :wnsense "food market1n", "grocery store1n", "grocery1n", "market4n" ; :wordnet "food market", "grocery", "grocery store", "market" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The physical facility where groceries are sold. Cyc: The collection of establishments that sell groceries and the other goods commonly found in a supermarket. SUMO: A RetailStore that sells Food, and perhaps other items as well. NOTE: in Cyc and SUMO this term was used for a subtype of Organization, but in COSMO this is redefined as the physical facility where the commercial organization operates its business. This interpretation as the physical 'store' seems closer to common usage of that term. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grocery store' in Wordnet: 1. (2) grocery store, grocery, food market, market - (a marketplace where groceries are sold; 'the grocery store included a meat market') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailStore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :Groin :guid "bd58e447-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "groin1n", "inguen1n" ; :wordnet "groin", "inguen" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Area of body containing external genitalia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'groin' in WordNet: 1. (1) groin, inguen - (the crease at the junction of the inner part of the thigh with the trunk together with the adjacent region and often including the external genitals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hip ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExternalSexOrgan ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Groom :wnsense "bridegroom2n", "groom1n", "groom3n" ; :wordnet "bridegroom", "groom" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Groom'' is the Man who is participating in a 'WeddingCeremony'' and at the end of the ceremony becomes the ''Husband'' but is still referred to as the ''Groom'', so that role continues for some time before or after the ceremony, in references to the ceremony Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'groom' in WordNet: 1. (1) groom, bridegroom - (a man participant in his own marriage ceremony) 3. groom, bridegroom - (a man who has recently been married) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson, :Participant, :Spouse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :WeddingCeremony ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marriage ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Groove :wnsense "groove1n" ; :wordnet "groove" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Groove'' is a ''DepressionOnObject'' on the surface of an ArtifactObject that is long and narrow, and may be produced by a grinding or cutting Action. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'groove' (for grooves cut into artifacts) in WordNet: 1. (1) groove, channel - (a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DepressionOnObject, :LineOnaSurface, :LongAndThinThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingaGroove ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Groping :wnsense "grope3v" ; :wordnet "grope" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Can a ''Groping'' be touching a man?? Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'grope' in WordNet: 3. grope - (fondle for sexual pleasure; 'He made some sexual advances at the woman in his office and groped her repeatedly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Caressing, :FondlingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :GropingForSomething :wnsense "fumble1v", "grope1v" ; :wordnet "fumble", "grope" ; a :ActionType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GropingForSomething'' is a type of ''Searching'' that is performed by feeling for an object without being able to see it. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grope' in WordNet: 1. (6) grope, fumble - (feel about uncertainly or blindly; 'She groped for her glasses in the darkness of the bedroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Searching, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FeelingWithTheHand ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Gross :en "disgusting", "indecent", "obscene" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Refined ; :wnsense "coarse4adj", "crude2adj", "earthy1adj", "gross7adj", "vulgar4adj" ; :wordnet "coarse", "crude", "earthy", "gross", "vulgar" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gross'' is a subtype of ''Vulgar'' characterizing behavior that is not only crude (not 'refined' or 'polite') but involves words or behaviors that are offensively on bad taste, widely considered to be unacceptible in public. Often applied to words referring to sex or excretory functions, or using 'four-letter words'. RHW: 4. indelicate, indecent, obscene, or vulgar: gross remarks. 10. Slang. extremely objectionable, offensive, or disgusting: He wore an outfit that was absolutely gross. Corresponds to adjective sense 7 of 'gross' in WordNet: 7. coarse, crude, earthy, gross, vulgar - conspicuously and tastelessly indecent; 'coarse language'; 'a crude joke'; 'crude behavior'; 'an earthy sense of humor'; 'a revoltingly gross expletive'; 'a vulgar gesture'; 'full of language so vulgar it should have been edited') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TastelesslyVulgar . :Gross-NoDeductions :wnsense "gross1adj" ; :wordnet "gross" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gross-NoDeductions'' is he attribute of a monetary amont that is received, whether income for people or revenue for Businesses, before any sums are deducted for accounting or tax purposes. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'gross' in WordNet: 1. (8) gross - (before any deductions; 'gross income\"') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Whole . :Grouch :wnsense "churl3n", "crank1n", "crosspatch1n", "grouch1n", "grump1n" ; :wordnet "churl", "crank", "crosspatch", "grouch", "grump" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CrankyPerson'' is a ''DisagreeablePerson'' called a 'crank' or a 'grouch' because of her/his behavior. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grouch' in WordNet: 1. grouch, grump, crank, churl, crosspatch - (a bad-tempered person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisagreeablePerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grumpy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ground :guid "bd58d0b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ground" ; :wnsense "dry land1n", "earth3n", "ground1n" ; :wordnet "dry land", "earth", "ground" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Ground is some PhysicalObject consisting of a piece of land typical of land in situ, e.g. soil, sandy ground, or rocky ground. Artifact constructs such as pavement are not instances of 'Ground', but objects or substances closely covering the ground such as grass or brush or snow are included. \"mainland\" This can be a small place (e.g. the locationof a grave), so is only a subtype of the closely related parent ''LandArea'', which usually specifies a part of the ground at least as large as a residential lot. 'Ground' is not necessarily Flat, so it is not a subtype of 'GroundOrFloor', which is a FlatObject. (whereas 'Field' is a subtype of both of these). Ground also includes the ground under structures, so not all instances of Ground are 'OutdoorObject', though almost all are. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. The collection of all land surfaces of planets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ground' in WordNet: 1. (87) land, dry land, earth, ground, solid ground, terra firma - (the solid part of the earth's surface; 'the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land'; 'the earth shook for several minutes'; 'he dropped the logs on the ground') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalPlace, :LandArea . :GroundBeef :guid "bd58abfd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ground beef1n", "hamburger2n" ; :wordnet "ground beef", "hamburger" ; a :FoodType, :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Cattle meat, ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ground beef' in WordNet: 1. ground beef, hamburger - (beef that has been ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beef, :GroundMeat . :GroundBeefPatty :en "beef patty", "ground beef patty" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoodPatty'' made out of GroundBeef. This includes the raw and cooked patties,which should be differentiated. This might be spiced with small amounts of additives. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodPatty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroundBeef ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :GroundCloves :en "ground cloves" ; :enn "ground cloves" ; :wnsense "clove4n" ; :wordnet "clove" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GroundCloves'' is a ''Spice'' in the form of a ''Powder'' that is prepared by grinding dried ''Clove''s. NOTE: the WN sense indicates that whole ''Clove''s are used as a spice, but this is for the ground material. The individual ''Clove''s used as a spice is represented by ''Cloves''. Corresponds to *part* noun sense 4 of 'clove' in WordNet: 4. clove - (spice from dried unopened flower bud of the clove tree; used whole or ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Powder, :Spice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cloves ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :GroundFloor :wnsense "ground floor1n" ; :wordnet "ground floor" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One floor ('level') of a Building, which may be only a one-storey building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ground floor' in WordNet: 1. (4) ground floor, first floor, ground level - (the floor of a building that is at or nearest to the level of the ground around the building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Storey . :GroundGlassLens :en "ground glass lens" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GroundGlassLens'' is a ''Lens-Artificial'' made by a process of ''GrindingSomethingDown''. This includes lenses of any size, including the 100 meter astronomical telescope lens that may be made of a 'ceramic' material,which is considered as 'glass' for this type (needs more elaboration - perhaps a parent ''GroundLens'??). NOTE that a ''GlassLens'' might be formed by a molding process, but for greater precision, some form of grinding is usually used. This type is only for the lenses produced at their final stage by ''GrindingaLens''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GlassLens, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrindingaLens ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :GroundMeat :en "ground meat" ; :guid "c1008aa6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance''Meat'' that has been ground into shreds to make a semisolid substance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Grindings, :Meat . :GroundOrFloor a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroundOrFloor is some solid relatively horizontal flat object on which an animal can move in multiple directions (as opposed to, e.g. the limb of a tree that restricts direction of motion). This is a broad category, including natural ground such as soil, a lawn, a beach, a large flat rock on which one can stand, etc.,as well as flat artifacts on which a person can stand and move to some extent, including the floors of a structure, even one as small as a tree house. This is included to allow description of movements and postures involving relations with the object one is standing on. NOTE that a ceiling is also Flat and Horizontal, and as of v955 the distinction has not yet been axiomatized.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GroundPepper :guid "bd589fab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Dry, :Granular ; :isDerivedFrom :Peppercorn ; :ldoce "pepper" ; :wnsense "pepper1n" ; :wordnet "pepper" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """GroundPepper is a dry granular Condiment, having a biting flavor, prepared from the fruit (''Pepper'') of a pepper plant, prepared for use as a condiment with food. In Cyc called 'Pepper-TheSpice' Cyc: Black granular spice usually in a ''PepperShaker'' like salt. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'pepper' in RHW: 1. a pungent condiment obtained from various plants of the genus Piper, esp. from the dried berries, used whole or ground, of the tropical climbing shrub P. nigrum. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'pepper' in WordNet; however, WordNet includes whole peppercorns (which would be under 'Peppercorn' in COSMO), and this type is only for the granular ground dried pepper. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment, :Spice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pepper ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :GroundWater :en "groundwater" ; :enn "groundwater" ; :wnsense "ground water1n", "spring water1n", "well water1n" ; :wordnet "ground water", "spring water", "well water" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GroundWater'' is ''Water'' naturally located underground. This applies to the water in situ or after extraction from its natural location. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ground water' in WordNet: 1. (1) ground water, spring water, well water - (underground water that is held in the soil and in pervious rocks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Water, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UndergroundLocation ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :GroundsOfOrganization :guid "bd58f5c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO NOTE: GroundOfOrganization is interpreted as the physical grounds, which is a physical object, not the spatial region. This includes the base soil (down to an accessible depth), the structures, and vegetation on the Grounds. It also includes anything else that is intended to be stably attached to the ground in that region. It does not include transient physical objects, and in particular does not include vehicles or people who may be on the grounds Cyc: A specialization of #$RealEstate and #$OutdoorLocation. Each instance of #$GroundsOfOrganization is an area which contains buildings inhabited by some organization. Notable specializations of #$GroundsOfOrganization include #$Campus and #$MilitaryBase-Grounds.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealEstate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :Group :FIBO "collection" ; :ldoce "group" ; :wnsense "accumulation2n", "aggregation1n", "assemblage4n", "collection1n", "group1n", "grouping1n" ; :wordnet "accumulation", "aggregation", "assemblage", "collection", "group", "grouping" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every ''Group'' consists of one or more entities considered as one unit, and is related to the component entities by the relation 'hasComponentElement'. The type ''Group'' is not disjoint with anything, and almost any Object can be viewed as a ''Group'' of other Objects (if one is willing to ignore the relations of the parts). The ''Group'' type is one of the most fundamental concepts in COSMO. A ''Group'' having only one component element is identical to that component element, acquiring no other properties by being viewed as a ''Group''. A ''Group'' is not an abstract or mathematical concept - every group derives its properties solely from the entities that are its component elements. Thus a group of solid objects would be a solid object, and the mass of that object would be equal to the sum of the masses of the component objects. Every 'Group' has some number of elements, which may be indefinite,or may be specified by the 'hasCardinality' relationship, but it is not necessary to specify the number of elements when instantiating a 'Group'. NOTE that ''Group''is very broad and is placed as a direct subtype of ''Thing'' so as to make the hierarchy easier to navigate,but it is also a subtype of ''Context'' so that assertions about members of a Group that have some distinctive attribute(s) can refer to the Group as the ''Context'' of that distinction when the relation ''existsInContext'' is used on some instance of ''UniqueThingInaContext''. A Group may have component elements of very diverse kinds - there is no restriction on the membership of the basic ''Group'', though each individual element counts only once in the cardinality of the group, regardless of whether it is of the same type as some other individual elements. A ''Group'' esch of whose elements is of a particular type can be specified using the 'allValuesFrom' vaue with the ''hasComponentElement'' restriction. A Group may have component elements of very diverse kinds - there is no restriction on the membership of the basic ''Group'', though each individual element counts only once in the cardinality of the group, regardless of whether it is of the same type as some other individual elements. A ''Group'' esch of whose elements is of a particular type can be specified using the 'allValuesFrom' vaue with the ''hasComponentElement'' restriction. A ''Group'' is somewhat similar to a Cyc 'Group', but is not restricted to physical things, and has relations to its members named differently than in Cyc. For the more specific Group composed only of PhysicalObjects, use 'ObjectGroup'. For a ''Group'' consisting only of people (one or more ''Person''s) use ''GroupOfPeople'' or a subtype. **NOTE**: A Group that has one component element is *identical* to that single element; in this respect it is similar to the mereological notion of a 'mereological sum' used in 'mereology'. A brief description of 'mereological sum' from the \" Oxford Reference \": The mereological sum of two elements is the whole that consists of both of them, regardless of their spatial or other distance. The notion is not the same as that of the set whose members are the pair of objects: a mereological sum of two spatial objects is itself a larger spatial object, whereas a set is not. The basic character of a ''Group' is that it has no characteristics other than those of the individual elements. The only group that can have *itself* as a component element is the group of one element. This latter property is the peculiar characteristic of this concept of 'Group', in contrast to other aggregates except, as noted, for 'mereological sum'. But this characteristic is not used directly in this ontology, although it is implied. ***NOTE*** However, this property suggests that any given type is also a subtype of the ''Group'' that has only instances of that type as its component elements. Thus, logically the type ''Person'' would be a subtype of ''GroupOfPeople. However, if that is aserted explicity, it seems to cause the reasoner to slow down dramatically - somehow introducing unexpected complexity. SO if one wants to have as range of of a relation or *object of some Event both a specifi type and a Group of that type, it is best for coputational purposes to eep both specific type ad Group of that type as separate elements in the range. This concept of 'Group' makes certain representations convenient. In some cases, we want to define a function that may return one or more elements, but if there is one element, we also want that single element to be identical to the single element, and not encapsulated in an enveloping element. Returning a Group will allow that behavior. Note that a relation on a Group that can be applied to individuals (i.e. is not specifically defined on the type 'Group' or a subtype thereof) will only sometimes apply both to the Group and to its individual elements. For example, if a Group is wholly located in some Place, then each element is wholly located in that Place. But the Group may have a mass, and no element will have the same mass if the Group has more than one element. Those relations will have to be specified for each relation individually, where such a relation holds. It may be convenient to define functions that extract members of a Group; for example, if one has an OrderedGroup one can have a function that unambiguously extracts the first member, and another function that extract all but the first member; this has some resemblance to the 'CAR' and 'CDR' of LISP, but an OrderedGroup is not necessarily a LIST in that sense. Using these functions would allow one to speak of the relation of one member of a Group relative to the 'others'. One philosophical issue that interacts with this concept of 'Group' is whether aggregates of objects (e.g. an animal or a galaxy) 'exist' independently of the human conception of such things. A seemingly evident 'yes' answer ignores the question of how such aggregates are organized, and whether those principles of organization in some sense 'exist' independent of a thinking agent that perceives the aggregate as organized. For a galaxy, for example, one can define a 'Group' that consists of all of the individual stars - that Group has a mass and location, and it seems clear that such a Group exists independently of any perceptions of it - but only if the individual stars also exist independently of human perception, and this is itself not clear. However, if one defines a 'Group' consisting of all of the fundamental particles in some volume of space, there may be reason to suppose that that Group' does exist independently of perception. As for the galaxy, the notions that are included in the concept of a 'galaxy', meaning that it is not merely a Group of stars, but also their specific spatial organization, the fact that they move together in a certain way, and the expectation that they will remain together over some interval of time, are not parts of the notion of a 'Group' of stars. There can be many 'Groups' of stars that are not galaxies; and the notion of a 'Group' of objects does not include any of these relational components. So, when this notion of a COSMO 'Group' is recognized, one may be able to more clearly distinguish entities that seem to have an existence completely independent of human perception (such as photons, electrons, and other fundamental, indivisible particles), and aggregates whose identity does depend on human categorization. The practical effect of this distinction is nonexistent in COSMO; each COSMO type (class) is intensionally defined by an ontologist, and therfore an abstract artifact; the instances of each type depend on the context (time, place, possible world). Those instances (if finite and non-zero) will form a Group, but it will often be the case that such a Group will be if no interest as a 'Group' in data processing or reasoning. COSMO is agnostic as to whether aggregates 'exist' independently of the way they are considered in the ontology or in applications; that philospophical issue does not seem to have any practical importance. Cyc Documentation for 'Group' (**NOTE*** some differences from COSMO 'Group'. In Cyc a Group must consist of Temporal Objects, but in COSMO it is more general. The Group membership relation also differs.) OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of temporal objects. Each instance of #$Group is a composite object made up of one or more individual objects or events. A group is related to each of its members by the predicate #$groupMembers (q.v.) [COSMO: 'hasComponentElement'] Note that instances of #$Group are _not_ collections. A group has temporal extent [COSMO: a Group may be abstract] and might have spatial location, while a collection is timeless and nonspatial. It is of course possible to define a collection parallel to any given group, so that the instances of the collection are exactly the group-members of that group; e.g. each toe on my left foot (and nothing else) is both an instance of the collection of my left toes and a member of the group of toes on my left foot. But that group (of my left toes) is a spatiotemporal thing while the correlated collection (of my left toes) is not. Similarly, if a certain flock of pigeons is considered as having a location, a spatial extent, and a time of existence, then the flock is being considered a _group_ and not a collection. Finally, unlike a collection, a group cannot be empty, but must have _at_least_one_ group-member. As a default, a group whose group-members all are instances of #$SomethingExisting is itself an instance of #$SomethingExisting, and a group whose group-members all are #$Events is itself an #$Event. Instances of #$Group include #$QueensGuard, #$ThreeWiseMen, #$SantasReindeer, and #$InternationalCommunity. Corresponds to FIBO 'collection' (from SKOS 'collection'): SKOS def: 'A meaningful collection of concepts.' FIBO scope note: 'Labelled collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed under a 'node label' in the hierarchy.' NOTE that the common senses of 'collection' and 'accumulation' are represented in subtype ''Accumulation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'group' and part of sense 1 of ''collection' (several things *considered as* a whole, regardless of whether they are in the same generic location) in WordNet: 1. (2350) group, grouping - (any number of entities (members) considered as a unit) WN WordNet noun sense 1 of 'collection' : 1. (12) collection, aggregation, accumulation, assemblage - (several things grouped together or considered as a whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, owl:Thing . :GroupAttribute a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GroupAttribute' is an AttributeType that can qualify a Group, Set, or other aggregation. One example (a subtype) is Cardinality.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :GroupOfAnimals a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each GroupOfAnimals is Group, each component element of which is an Animal (including people. For a group of non-human animals,use 'GroupOfBeasts'). There must be more than one animal in this kind of Group. This includes GroupOfPeople as a subtype. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfLifeForms, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfBeasts :wnsense "animal group1n" ; :wordnet "animal group" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GroupOfBeasts'' is a Group of which each component element is a NonHumanAnimal. WN 'animal group' seems to have only non-human animals as subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'animal group' in WordNet: 1. animal group - (a group of animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfAnimals, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfCharacters :en "characters", "group of characters" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfCharacters'' is a Group of printable symbols, either alphabetical or punctuation, abstract or physical. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalCharacter :AbstractCharacter :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfContestants :wnsense "competitor1n", "contestant1n" ; :wordnet "competitor", "contestant" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GroupOfContestants' is a ''AgentGroup'' including all the Contestants in a particular ''ConflictEvent''. Each ''Contestant'' could be a Team. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'contestant' in WordNet, and includes sense 1 of 'competitor' (which in the WordNet sense would be subtype of Contestant): in WordNet: 1. (1) contestant - (a person who participates in competitions) WN 'competitor' 1. (7) rival, challenger, competitor, competition, contender - (the contestant you hope to defeat; 'he had respect for his rivals'; 'he wanted to know what the competition was doing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentGroup, :GroupOfRoles, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Contestant ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConflictEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :GroupOfCountries :en "country group", "group of countries" ; :enn "country group", "group of countries" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfCountries'' is a ''Group'' of at least two 'Country''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Country ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfCultures :en "group of cultures" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GroupOfCultures'' is Group of two or more ''Culture''s """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Culture ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfFeathers :en "feathers", "group of feathers" ; :ennp "feathers" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfFeathers'' is a Group of two or more ''Feather''s, whether still in situ on a Bird (the ''Plumage'') or gathered as a material for any purpose, such as 'down' in a 'down pillow'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Feather ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfFoodObjects :en "group of food objects" ; a :CollectionType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GroupOfFoodObjects'' is an ''ObjectGroup\" most of the Objects of which are ''FoodObject''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collection, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ] . :GroupOfFormerAssociates :en "former associates", "group of former associates" ; :enn "former associates", "group of former associates" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''FormerAssociates'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is a ''FormerAssociateAsociate'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FormerAssociate ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfFourOrMorePeople :en "group", "group of four or more people" ; :enn "group of four or more people" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' That has at least four members. They need not have any specific relation unless implied by the context. This is an instance of ''AgentType'' but the members of this type of group do not necessarily act in coordination. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfFurs :en "furs" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfFurs'' is a Group of ''FurPiece's. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FurPiece ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfGroups :en "group of groups" ; :enn "group of groups" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every ''GroupOfGroups'' is a ''Group'' each element of which is itself a 'Group''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Group ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfHorses :en "group of horses", "horses" ; :enn "group of horses" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfVines'' is two or more ''Horse''s. The Person whose job it is to care for such a Group is commonly called a ''Wrangler''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfHumanGroups :en "group of groups of people", "group of human groups", "group of people groups" ; :enn "group of groups of people", "group of human groups", "group of people groups" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every ''GroupOfHumanGroups'' is a ''GroupOfGroups'' each element of which is a 'GroupOfPeople''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfIntentionalAgents :FIBO "group" ; :ldoce "group" ; :wnsense "group1n" ; :wordnet "group" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfIntentionalAgents'' is a Group of which each component element is an 'IntentionalAgent'. This includes 'GroupOfPeople' but also includes groups of Organizations and is added to accomodate the FIBO use of 'autonomous agent' to include computer programs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveIntelligentObject, :HomogeneousGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :partsHaveTypeInCommon ] . :GroupOfLifeForms :en "group of life forms" ; :enn "group of life forms" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''GroupOfLifeForms'' is Group, each component element of which is a ''LifeForm'' (Organism or virus). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentGroup, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LifeForm :LifeFormType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfLines a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GroupOfLines' is a 'Group' all of whose elements are 'Line's (abstract objects). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Line ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfNations :en "group of countries", "group of nations", "nation group" ; :enn "group of countries", "group of nations", "nation group" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each GroupOfNations is Group, each component element of which is a Country (a GeopoliticalEntity). There must be more than one Country in this kind of Group. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, :GroupOfOrganizations, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Country ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfNumbers :en "group of numbers", "number group" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''GroupOfNumbers'' is a ''Group'' of 'pure numbers', i.e. numbers without some unit of measure attached.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommensurableQuantityGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :RealNumber ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfOrganizations :en "group of organizations" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfOrganizations'' is a Group of which each component element is an ''Organization''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Organization ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfParts :en "group of parts" ; :enn "group of parts" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfParts'' is any Group that consists of Things that are or were once a ''Part'' of some aggregate or Whole thing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Part ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfPebbles :en "group of pebbles", "pebbles" ; :ennp "pebbles" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'GroupOfPebbles'' is any Group of ''Pebble''s anywhere, but it is usually found in situ on the ground somewhere, auch as in a stream bed or beach or at the base of a cliff. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :StoneObject-Natural, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Pebble ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfPeople :en "people" ; :ldoce "group" ; :wnsense "group1n" ; :wordnet "group" ; a :GroupType, :IntelligentAgentType, :PersonType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfPeople is a Group of which each component element is a Person. GroupOfPeople is a category that may be used for convenience in talking about groups of people with some common characteristic. This is PhysicalObject with mass and location, etc. It is disjoint with Organization, which is a MentalObject; however, the common reference to an organization as the sum of its members is captured by the type 'OrganizationMembership', which includes as a subtype the group of people that form the membership of an organization. A GroupOfPeople is potentially an Agent, but in COSMO we have a subtype 'MultiPersonAgent' which is used to represent a GroupOfPeople that has actually acted as an agent. The difference of MultiPersonAgent from GroupOfPeople is subtle - This category should be used when the agency aspect of the GroupOfPeople is salient in the discourse. Because a 'GroupOfPeople' can be quite transitory - the people in a particular elevator at a particular time - they need not be viewed as an agent. When they have in fact acted in concert, they become a 'CollectiveAgent'. A Group may be defined extensionally (by enumeration) or intensionally (e.g. all the people in a building at some time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollectiveAgent, :GroupOfAnimals, :GroupOfIntentionalAgents, :HumanAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :Organism :OrganismType :PersonType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfPhotographs :en "group of photographs" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfPhotographs'' is a single ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that contains on it more than one independently exposed ''Photograph''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Photograph ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :GroupOfQuestions a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfQuestions is a Group, each member of which is a Question.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Question ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfRecipes :en "group of recipes", "recipes" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfRecipes'' is a Group of at least two ''FoodRecipe''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recipe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodRecipe ] . :GroupOfRoles :en "group of roles", "role group" ; :enn "group of roles", "role group" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfRoles'' is a ''Group'' consisting of ''Role''s of any kind. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Role ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfSentences a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfSentences is a Group, each member of which is a Sentence..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Sentence ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfSequins :en "group of sequins", "sequins" ; :ennp "sequins" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of ''Sequin''s that may or may not be attached to a ''ClothingItem''. (this includes those in stock for later use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Sequin ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shiny ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :GroupOfStars :wnsense "asterism2n" ; :wordnet "asterism" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfStars'' is any Group of one or more ''Star''s considered as one entity, regardless of whether they appear as a ''Constellation'' from the earth. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'asterism' in WordNet: 2. asterism - ((astronomy) a cluster of stars (or a small constellation)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cluster, :OuterSpaceObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Star ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople :en "group" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' That has at least two members. They need not have any specific relation unless implied by the context. This is an instance of ''AgentType'' but the members of this type of group do not necessarily act in coordination. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfVessels :en "group of vessels" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfVessel is a group of PhysicalObjects, each of which is a Vessel. Such a group can contain any kind of boat or ship, such as the flotilla that paraded in New York harbor to celebrate the US bicentennial in 1976, or the yachts participating in a yacht race. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Vessel ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfVictims a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfVictims'' is a Group of which each component element is a ''Victim''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveIntelligentObject, :GroupOfAnimals, :GroupOfRoles, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GenericVictim ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfVines :en "group of vines", "vines" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfVines'' is a number of ''Vine''s that form a perceptible group, as do the rows of grapevines in a Vineyard, or the hanging tangle of vines in a dense Jungle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vine ; owl:minCardinality "4" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfWomen :en "group of women" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GroupOfWomen'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'', all of whom are women. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Woman ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupOfWords :en "group of words", "word group" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Any Group of words. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Word ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :GroupPractice a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupPractice is a type of Practice practiced commonly by or within a Group. It may be a behavior of an individual, distinctive to a particular group, or it may be a social behavior involving more than one person in a group. If it is frequent and distinctive of a particular Group, it would be a 'Custom', a subtype of this Type.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Practice . :GroupResistance :wnsense "resistance10n" ; :wordnet "resistance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GroupResistance'' is a '''Rebelling'' that is performed by some substantial number of people with the hope or expectation of forcing change of policy by pressure of numbers,or by violent action. Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'resistance' in WordNet: 10. resistance - (group action in opposition to those in power) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rebelling . :GroupThoughtType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GroupThoughtType'' is a metatype that can be used as the Metaclass for Classes of Actions that involve Groups of people judging or discussing. As of rev1665 this is used for 'Judging' and 'Discussion' but could also be used for any action by a group that involves collective deciding, or evalation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :GroupTransfer :en "changing group membership", "changing groups" ; :enn "changing group membership", "changing groups" ; :guid "bef3d08d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Actions in which something changes membership with respect to some instance of #$Group or Organization; i.e. actions in which something becomes a #$groupMembers of some group, ceases to be a #$groupMembers of some group, or is moved from one group to another. This collection includes a wide variety of group transfers, including those among organizations, instances of #$SystemOfDevices, (#$GroupFn #$ProfessionalSportsTeam) or #$Family-SocialEntity. For further clarification see the #$NoteAboutGroupTransfers. Note that if a group has a #$groupMemberType assertion for it, then anything transferred out of it must be of that type. See also #$GroupTransferIn, #$GroupTransferOut, #$toGroup and #$fromGroup. You may also want to look at #$OrganizationalTransfer and constants closely related to it.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfStatusEvent, :GeneralizedTransfer, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadGroup ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :GroupOfPeople :GroupType :OrganizationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadTransferredMember ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Organization :Group :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :GroupTransferIn :guid "bd79f5b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$GroupTransfer. Instances of this collection are those in which there is necessarily something that becomes a #$groupMembers of some instance of #$Group. This is a very diverse subcollection of #$TransferIn, including transfers into organizations, families (e.g. adoption), systems of physical devices, teams or anything represented as a subcollection of #$Group in the Cyc ontology. For further clarification see the #$NoteAboutGroupTransfers. See also #$GroupTransferOut, #$toGroup and #$fromGroup. You may also want to look at #$OrganizationalTransfer and constants closely related to it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupTransfer, :TransferIn . :GroupTransferOut :guid "bf665a46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$GroupTransfer. Instances of this collection are those actions in which there is necessarily something that ceases to be a #$groupMembers of some instance of #$Group. This is a very diverse subcollection of #$TransferOut, including transfers out of organizations, systems of physical devices, teams or anything represented as a subcollection of #$Group in the Cyc ontology. For further clarification see the #$NoteAboutGroupTransfers. Note that if the group has a #$groupMemberType assertion for it, then anything transferred out of it must be of that type. See also #$GroupTransferIn, #$toGroup and #$fromGroup. You may also want to look at #$OrganizationalTransfer and constants closely related to it.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupTransfer, :TransferOut . :GroupType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """GroupType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for objects and Events and attributes and an argument restriction for various relations on types of Groups (not just People, but any type of Group). This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :GroupVariation :ldoce "vary" ; :wnsense "vary3v" ; :wordnet "vary" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GroupVariation' is a numerical Attribute of a Group indicating a certain *specific* kind of variation that can be found in that Group. This type can be used to describe the specific manner in which the members of a Group vary among themselves in some respect. For some instance of 'Group' (e.g. called Group1, the varied group), the 'GroupVariation' Attribute is represented as another Group (Group2, the attribute facet group), each element of which describes a different facet of the variation. The first element of the attribute facet group is either an AttributeType or the type (OWL:Class) that specifies what varies among the elements of Group1 (the varied group) (i.e. is this a variation of attribute values or of types?). The second element of Group2 (the attribute facet group) is a number specifying the number of different AttributeValues or types (OWL:Classes) represented in Group1 (the varied group), which is also the cardinality of the Group pointed to by the third element. The third element is a Group (Group3, the group of variables) of instances of OWL:Thing that specify the actual values of the AttributeValues or OWL:Classes that are represented in Group1 (the varied group). The fourth element is a fraction in the range of zero to 1, inclusive, representing the ratio of the number of elements in Group3 to the number of elements in Group1 (the varied group). This Attribute is not an Event, as with most ontology elements that label English verbs; the notion of 'varying' that is represented here is not an Event, but rather a specification of a distribution. These elements of the Attribute indicate what kind and degree of variability exists among the elements of Group1 (the varied group, the group of which the Attribute instance is an Attribute). For an example instance of 'GroupVariation' see 'RainbowColorTypes' under 'ColorsOfTheRainbow'. **NOTE** that, as an Attribute, it is possible to specify the value of an instance of this type using a 'hasValue' relation. The likelihood is that, for any given type of variation that one wants to specify, a different instance of this type will have to be created. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'vary' in WordNet; to say that 'prices vary with vendor' one would start with a Group of prices, one for each vendor, and then use this Attribute to specify the degree of variation within that Group: in WordNet: 3. (7) vary - (be subject to change in accordance with a variable; 'Prices vary'; 'His moods vary depending on the weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attribute, :LinearlyOrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PositiveInteger ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThirdElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFourthElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :FractionFrom0to1 ] . :GroupVolume a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'GroupVolume' is the ''PhysicalSpaceRegion'' within the ''ConvexHull'' that encloses all the parts of all of the objects in that Group. This is the ''PhysicalSpaceRegion'' that contains all of the objects, and whose surface sides between the enclosed objects have no inward projections. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSpaceRegion ; owl:disjointWith :Interior . :Grout :isUsedInAction :CoveringSomething ; :wnsense "grout1n" ; :wordnet "grout" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grout' in WordNet: 1. grout - (a thin mortar that can be poured and used to fill cracks in masonry or brickwork) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mortar, :Plaster . :Growing :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :Shrinking ; :wnsense "growing1adj" ; :wordnet "growing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'growing' in Wordnet: 1. (21) growing - (increasing in size or degree or amount; 'her growing popularity'; 'growing evidence of a world depression'; 'a growing city'; 'growing businesses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Increasing . :GrowingAggresively :isAnAttributeValueOf :Tumor ; :wnsense "aggressive2adj", "fast-growing1adj", "strong-growing1adj" ; :wordnet "aggressive", "fast-growing", "strong-growing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GrowingAggresively'' is a specialization of ''FastGrowing'', used mostly to characterize ''Tumor''s that are speading rapidly. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'aggressive' (for tumors) in Wordnet: 2. aggressive, fast-growing, strong-growing - (tending to spread quickly; 'an aggressive tumor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FastGrowing . :GrowingEvent :ldoce "grow", "growth" ; :wnsense "development7n", "grow3v", "growing1n", "growth1n", "maturation2n", "ontogenesis1n", "ontogeny1n" ; :wordnet "development", "grow", "growing", "growth", "maturation", "ontogenesis", "ontogeny" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which something changes some characteristics by increasing in size or mass or complexity due to some action or internal proess of its own. Usually this refers to growth (at any stage from embryo to adult) of an organism or part of an organism, but crystals and mountains can 'grow'. This is considered an Action, though it is not voluntary. In the case of inanimate things like crystals and mountains, attributing 'agency' to them is an included borderline use of the notion of 'GenericAgent'. For 'growing' that is not a physical increase of an Object (as in knowledge) use 'Development'. An Object produced by a 'GrowingEvent' is a 'Growth'. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'growth' and verb sense 3 of 'grow' in WordNet (though WordNet 'growth' seems strictly biological, in contrast to the definition of 'grow'): in WordNet: WN 'grow' 3. (34) grow - (increase in size by natural process; 'Corn doesn't grow here'; 'In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees'; 'her hair doesn't grow much anymore') WN 'growth': 1. (37) growth, growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis - ((biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; 'he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Growth ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :GrowingGrapes :wnsense "viniculture1n", "viticulture1n" ; :wordnet "viniculture", "viticulture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GrowingGrapes'' is a type of 'CommercialFarming' in which grape plants are grown and ''Grape''s produced on a commercial scale - an annual production of over 5000 grapes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viticulture' in WordNet: 1. viticulture, viniculture - (the cultivation of grapes and grape vines; grape growing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialFarming, :GrowingPlants, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrapeVine ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grape ; owl:minCardinality "5000" ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vineyard ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :GrowingHousePlants :en "growing house plants" ; :enn "growing house plants" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GrowingHousePlants'' is ''GrowingPlants'' for personal use or enjoyment, with the most common final goal of displaying those plants indoors. The activity of a 'garden center' that grows ''HousePlant''s for sale is included in this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cultivation, :GrowingPlants, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HousePlant ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ] . :GrowingPlants :en "growing plants" ; :wnsense "garden1v", "gardening1n", "horticulture1n" ; :wordnet "garden", "gardening", "horticulture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GrowingPlants'' is raising plants for personal use or for sale, on a farm or in a garden or even indoors, on any scale or for any purpose; this includes the reaping of the crops (if any) as a subevent. The product 'Food' is included in the output, as it can be a goal of the action and a simple step from reaping the plants. (''GrowingPlants'' in the ground (not indoors) is ''Cultivation'. Commercial raising of plants is included in ''CommercialFarming''.) The WN noun 'gardening' seems to include personal as well as commercial raising of crops, and that is the intended broad snes of thus type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gardening' and verb sense 1 of 'garden' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gardening, horticulture - (the cultivation of plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgricultureOrHusbandry, :BiologicalProductionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Plant :Food :FoodType :PlantType ) ] ] . :GrowingQuickly :ldoce "grow" ; :wnsense "grow2v" ; :wordnet "grow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which something (Object or EventType) Grows in size, rapidly rather than slowly - relative to the context. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'grow' in WordNet: 2. (62) grow - (become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain; 'The problem grew too large for me'; 'Her business grew fast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :GrowingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ; owl:someValuesFrom :Larger ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Quick ] . :GrowingSomething :wnsense "acquire3v", "develop4v", "get12v", "grow8v", "produce7v" ; :wordnet "acquire", "develop", "get", "grow", "produce" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which some *subject Organism 'acquires' or 'gets' some attribute or Object by a gradual process. This has some similarities with 'DevelopingSomething'' but is not necessarily an intentional action, so is not a subtype. Includes but is broader than verb sense 3 of 'acquire' in WordNet: 3. (3) grow, develop, produce, get, acquire - (come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); 'He grew a beard'; 'The patient developed abdominal pains'; 'I got funny spots all over my body'; 'Well-developed breasts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :Development, :GainingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingSomething ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValue :AttributeValueType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :SubstanceType :PersistentState :EventType :Account :AccountType ) ] ] . :GrowingThickly :wnsense "dense3adj", "thick5adj" ; :wordnet "dense", "thick" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GrowingThickly'' is an attribute characterizing plants that are growing closely together. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'thick' in Wordnet: 5. dense, thick - (hard to pass through because of dense growth; 'dense vegetation'; 'thick woods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dense . :Growling :guid "c10b71d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "growl1v", "grumble3v" ; :wordnet "growl", "grumble" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$MakingAnOralSound. Each instance of #$Growling is an event in which a #$GrowlingSound is produced. NOTE: this is for sounds emited by animals - the WN sense is mixed with inanimate objects. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'growl' (not 'rumbling' for inanimate objects) in WordNet: 1. (4) grumble, growl, rumble - (to utter or emit low dull rumbling sounds; 'he grumbled a rude response'; 'Stones grumbled down the cliff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarkingSound ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Growth :ldoce "growth" ; :wnsense "growth4n", "growth6n", "growth7n" ; :wordnet "growth" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Growth' is a very general term, meaning anything produced by a 'GrowingEvent'. Linguistically the meanings tend to me more specialized, but dependent on context. Includes noun senses 4, 6, and 7 of 'growth' in WordNet: 4. (3) growth - (vegetation that has grown; 'a growth of trees'; 'the only growth was some salt grass') 6. growth - ((pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)) 7. growth - (something grown or growing; 'a growth of hair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject . :Grub :wnsense "grub2n" ; :wordnet "grub" ; a :BeastType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grub' in WordNet: 2. (1) grub - (a soft thick wormlike larva of certain beetles and other insects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Larva . :Grudge :wnsense "grievance1n", "grudge1n", "score9n" ; :wordnet "grievance", "grudge", "score" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Grudge''includes a mild feeling of ''Resentment'' at being wronged, as well as a stronger feeling that can motivate retaliation, and all levels in between. Having a ''Grudge'' may cause a Person to make a 'Grievance (an Allegation) against the Person who did the Action causing the Grudge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grievance' in WordNet: 1. (1) grudge, score, grievance - (a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation; 'holding a grudge'; 'settling a score') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resentment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HarmingAnAgent :Wrongdoing :DeprivingOfaRight :ActionType ) ] ] . :Grumbling :wnsense "grumble2v", "mutter2v" ; :wordnet "grumble", "mutter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Grumbling'' is a complaining by Speaking in a low muttering manner., Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grumble' in WordNet: 2. (3) murmur, mutter, grumble, croak, gnarl - (make complaining remarks or noises under one's breath; 'she grumbles when she feels overworked') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComplainingAboutSomething, :Speaking . :Grumpy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "bad-tempered1adj", "crabbed1adj", "crabby1adj", "cross2adj", "fussy1adj", "grouchy1adj", "grumpy1adj", "ill-tempered1adj" ; :wordnet "bad-tempered", "crabbed", "crabby", "cross", "fussy", "grouchy", "grumpy", "ill-tempered" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'grumpy' in Wordnet: 1. crabbed, crabby, cross, fussy, grouchy, grumpy, bad-tempered, ill-tempered - (perversely irritable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Irritable . :Grunt :wnsense "grunt1n", "oink1n" ; :wordnet "grunt", "oink" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Grunt'' is a low-pitched sound made by a'hog' (a grown ''Pig''), but a person can make a somewhat similar sound, also called a ''Grunt''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'grunt' in WordNet: 1. (2) grunt, oink - (the short low gruff noise of the kind made by hogs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound, :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pig ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :Grunting :wnsense "grunt1v" ; :wordnet "grunt" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Grunting'' is a ''MakingAnOralSound'' that produces a ''Grunt'', a sound with a low frequency not consisting of any words. This can be done by a ''Pig'' or a Person. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'grunt' in WordNet: 1. (11) grunt - (issue a grunting, low, animal-like noise; 'He grunted his reluctant approval') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pig ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grunt ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :Guadeloupe a :Country . :Guam :wnsense "Guam1n" ; :wordnet "Guam" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Guam' in WordNet: 1. (10) Guam, GU -- (the largest and southernmost island in the Marianas which is administered as a territory of the United States; it was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898) """ . :Guarantee :wnsense "guarantee1n", "guarantee2n", "guarantee3n", "warrantee3n", "warranty1n" ; :wordnet "guarantee", "warrantee", "warranty" ; a :ObjectType, :ObligationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Guarantee'' is a ''Promise'' (a LinguisticAssertion, a phrase in some human language - not the Proposition represented by the phrase) made by ''Guarantor'' that the thing guaranteed will occur as described, and the ''Guarantor'' takes responsibility for repairing or replacing or otherwise restoring the thing guaranteed if it should not perform as promised. This covers all types of 'guarantee' - subtypes can be created as needed. Includes all 3 noun senses of 'guarantee' in WordNet: 1. (2) guarantee, warrant, warrantee, warranty - (a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications) 2. (1) guarantee - (a pledge that something will happen or that something is true; 'there is no guarantee that they are not lying') 3. guarantee, guaranty - (a collateral agreement to answer for the debt of another in case that person defaults) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Promise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :GuaranteeingSomething ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ] . :Guaranteed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Guaranteeing ; :wnsense "bonded1adj", "guaranteed1adj", "secured2adj", "warranted1adj" ; :wordnet "bonded", "guaranteed", "secured", "warranted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'guaranteed' in Wordnet: 1. bonded, guaranteed, secured, warranted - (secured by written agreement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Guaranteeing ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced ] . :Guaranteeing :wnsense "guarantee1v", "guarantee4v" ; :wordnet "guarantee" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes verb sense 1 of 'guarantee' in WordNet: 1. (8) guarantee, vouch - (give surety or assume responsibility; 'I vouch for the quality of my products') 4. (1) guarantee, warrant - (stand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of; 'The dealer warrants all the cars he sells'; 'I warrant this information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObligationCreatingEvent, :ShowingSupportForSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Guaranteed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :GuaranteeingSomething :en "vouch for" ; :wnsense "guarantee1v", "guarantee3v", "guarantee4v", "vouch2v", "warrant2v" ; :wordnet "guarantee", "vouch", "warrant" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GuaranteeingSomething'' is the broad class of ''MakingAPromise''s that create a ''Guarantee'' (an Obligation) on the part of the promiser without any corresponding promise on the part of the person to whom the guarantee is given. This includes informal gurantees meaning little more than that the person giving the guarantee stands strongy behind the promise, and commercial 'guarantees' or 'warrantees' that legally oblige the promiser to perform some service in the event of a failure of a product to perform as promised. Although a commercial 'guarantee' is given in return for some payment, it does not oblige the buyer to perform any additional action, so is not considered as a 'contract'' considering future actions. Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'guarantee' in WordNet: 1. (8) guarantee, vouch - (give surety or assume responsibility; 'I vouch for the quality of my products') 3. (2) undertake, guarantee - (promise to do or accomplish; 'guarantee to free the prisoners') 4. (1) guarantee, warrant - (stand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of; 'The dealer warrants all the cars he sells'; 'I warrant this information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :LinguisticCommunication, :MakingAPromise, :ObligationCreatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Guarantor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Guarantee :ObligationType ) ] ] . :Guarantor :wnsense "guarantor1n", "surety4n", "warranter1n", "warrantor1n" ; :wordnet "guarantor", "surety", "warranter", "warrantor" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Guarantor'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who asserts a ''Guarantee'' in performing a ''Guaranteeing'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guarantor' in WordNet: 1. guarantor, surety, warrantor, warranter - (one who provides a warrant or guarantee to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Promiser, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuaranteeingSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Guard :wnsense "guard1n", "watcher2n", "watchman1n" ; :wordnet "guard", "watcher", "watchman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Guard' is a 'Protector' who protects by keeping watch, involving looking at the thing being guarded or at the area near or approaching it. It is possible for this functionvto be performed by watching a screen, no necessarily in person. Includes noun senses 1 of 'guard' and sense 1 of 'watchman': in WordNet: WN noun 'guard' 1. (15) guard - (a person who keeps watch over something or someone) WN noun 'watchman': 1. (1) watchman, watcher, security guard - (a guard who keeps watch) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protector . :Guardian :wnsense "defender1n", "guardian1n", "protector1n", "shielder1n" ; :wordnet "defender", "guardian", "protector", "shielder" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who 'guards' anything, animals or property. Very generic type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guardian' in WordNet: 1. (4) defender, guardian, protector, shielder - (a person who cares for persons or property) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :GuardingProperty :en "guarding peoperty" ; :wnsense "keep15v" ; :wordnet "keep" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GuardingProperty'' is a ''GuardingSomething'' where the thing guarded is some form of ''Property'' (any ValuableThing) (note that a ''Slave'' is a ''ValuableThing'' but is not considered as ''Property'' in COSMO. This usually includes some form of management of the property being guarded. Includes verb sense 5 of 'preserve; and sense 15 of 'keep' in WordNet: 5. keep, preserve - (maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger; 'May God keep you') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :GuardingSomething, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steward ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :GuardingSomething :guid "1e132156-cc08-41d6-97e6-96735cfd81fb" ; :ldoce "guard" ; :wnsense "guard2v", "guard3v", "keep an eye on1v", "ward1V", "watch over1v" ; :wordnet "guard", "keep an eye on", "ward", "watch over" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ActionOnObject. Instances are events in which something (the #$objectGuarded) is watched over, or guarded, in order to maintain control over the thing (as when a prison guard guards a prisoner to prevent escape), or to maintain control over the safety of the thing (as when a bodyguard protects his/her charge).. This is broad, including 'guarding' by any means,including watching in person or organizing or overseing a guarding action, as is done by a ''PoliceOrganization'. Some overlap with ''Monitoring''. Needs more analysis to differentiate. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'guard' and part of verb sense 1 of 'watch over' in WordNet: WN verb 'guard': 1. (6) guard - (to keep watch over; 'there would be men guarding the horses') 2. (6) guard, ward - (watch over or shield from danger or harm; protect; 'guard my possessions while I'm away') 3. (2) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; 'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks') WN verb 'watch over': 1. (1) watch, observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on - (follow with the eyes or the mind; 'Keep an eye on the baby, please!'; 'The world is watching Sarajevo'; 'She followed the men with the binoculars') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :Protecting, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Guardian ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Safety ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :GuardingaChild :en "guarding a child" ; :wnsense "keep15v" ; :wordnet "keep" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GuardingaChild'' is a ''GuardingSomething'' where the thing guarded is a ''MinorChild''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'childcare' in WordNet: 1. childcare, child care - (a service involving care for other people's children) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :ProtectingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChildGuardian ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :MinorChild ] . :GuardingaDoorway :en "guarding a doorway" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GuardingaDoorway'' is a ''GuardingProperty'' where the 'property' is a ''Building'' such as an ''ApartmentBuilding'' or ''Hotel'' and the 'guarding' action is performed by standing at the front entrance and allowing in only people who are entitled to enter. This is performed by a ''Doorman'' who may have other functions as well. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuardingProperty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExteriorDoor ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DoorMan ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FrontDoor ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Guatemala :wnsense "Guatemala1n" ; :wordnet "Guatemala" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Guatemala' in WordNet: 1. (1) Guatemala, Republic of Guatemala - (a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; noted for low per capita income and illiteracy; politically unstable) """ . :GubernatorialElection :en "gubernatorial election" ; :enn "gubernatorial election" ; a :RecurringActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GubernatorialElection'' is an Election to decide who will be The ''USStateGovernor'' of some ''USA_State''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Election, :RecurringAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USA_State ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectingaGovernor ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Guerrilla :wnsense "guerilla1n", "guerrilla1n", "insurgent2n", "irregular1n" ; :wordnet "guerilla", "guerrilla", "insurgent", "irregular" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Guerrilla'' is not necessarily a ''Rebel'' because s/he may not be a citizen of the country in which s/he is fighting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guerrilla' in WordNet: 1. (3) guerrilla, guerilla, irregular, insurgent - (a member of an irregular armed force that fights a stronger force by sabotage and harassment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Warrior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryUnit ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuerrillaWar ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :GuerrillaWar :en "guerrilla war", "guerrilla warfare" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GuerrillaWar'' is a War having a band of ''Guerrilla''s on one or both sides. RHW:the use of hit-and-run tactics by small, mobile groups of irregular forces operating in territory controlled by a hostile, regular force. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :War, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Guerrilla ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Guess :ldoce "guess" ; :wnsense "conjecture2n", "guess1n", "guess2n", "guessing1n", "guesswork1n", "hypothesis3n", "speculation1n", "supposition1n", "surmise1n" ; :wordnet "conjecture", "guess", "guessing", "guesswork", "hypothesis", "speculation", "supposition", "surmise" ; a :BeliefType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Guess is an Expectation about something that is unknown; it is a weak form of 'Belief'. This is an Expectation about a 'FutureSituation' even though it may be a guess about the state of something that is in the present or past, becuase it is an expectation of what will be discovered if the unknown information becomes known - that discovery state being in the future. NOTE: if one cannot form any 'Expectation' then whatever is believed is not a Guess (what would it be? a random prediction?) Includes noun senses 1 and part of sense 2 of 'guess' in WordNet; if enough information is available to form a reasonable estimmate, that expectation is no longer a 'Guess'. in WordNet: 1. (2) guess, conjecture, supposition, surmise, surmisal, speculation, hypothesis - (a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence) 2. (1) guess, guesswork, guessing, shot, dead reckoning - (an estimate based on little or no information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expectation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suspicion ; owl:onProperty :isLessIntenseThan ] . :Guessing :en "guessing", "hazard a guess", "venture a guess" ; :ldoce "guess" ; :wnsense "guess1v", "guess2v", "imagine1v", "opine2v", "reckon1v", "suppose2v", "think2v" ; :wordnet "guess", "imagine", "opine", "reckon", "suppose", "think" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Guessing' is a form of 'ThinkingAboutSomething' in which a Person attempts to predict something that is not known - about the present state of something, or about the future, or even the past. This is used where there is very little or no evidence for the guess. If there is a little evidence (though not conclusive) use subtype ''SuspectingSomething''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'guess' in WordNet: 1. (42) think, opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess - (expect, believe, or suppose; 'I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel'; 'I thought to find her in a bad state'; 'he didn't think to find her in the kitchen'; 'I guess she is angry at me for standing her up') 2. (10) guess, venture, pretend, hazard - (put forward, of a guess, in spite of possible refutation; 'I am guessing that the price of real estate will rise again'; 'I cannot pretend to say that you are wrong') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThinkingAboutSomething . :Guest :ldoce "guest" ; :wnsense "guest1n" ; :wordnet "guest" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of a Visitor to whom hospitality is extended. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'guest' in WordNet: 1. (25) guest, invitee - (a visitor to whom hospitality is extended) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Visitor . :Guffaw :wnsense "belly laugh1n", "guffaw1n" ; :wordnet "belly laugh", "guffaw" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guffaw' in WordNet: 1. guffaw, belly laugh - (a burst of deep loud hearty laughter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Laughter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cackle ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :Guffawing :wnsense "bellylaugh1v", "guffaw1v", "laugh loudly1v" ; :wordnet "bellylaugh", "guffaw", "laugh loudly" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'guffaw' and sense 1 of 'bellylaugh' in WordNet: 1. guffaw, laugh loudly - (laugh boisterously) WN verb 'bellylaugh': 1. bellylaugh - (laugh a deep, hearty laugh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Laughing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Guffaw ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Guidance :wnsense "counsel2n", "counseling1n", "counselling1n", "direction4n", "guidance1n" ; :wordnet "counsel", "counseling", "counselling", "direction", "guidance" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Guidance'' is a Group of instances of ''Advice'' (a ''LinguisticAssertion'') created by an act of ''GuidingaPerson''. It is typically done in steps, including more than one occasion. The 'topic'of a ''Guidance'' is unrestricted, other than referring to some future Action(s) of the person being guided. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'guidance' (the LinguisticAssertion resulting from the act of ''GuidingaPerson'') in WordNet: 1. (8) guidance, counsel, counseling, counselling, direction - (something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advice, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Advice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuidingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Guide :wnsense "guide2n" ; :wordnet "guide" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is the generic ''Guide'' a Person who helps others to perform actions (other than learning things - that needs a Teacher or tutor) by conducting a Person to some desired location (such as ushers in theaters or tour guides) and/or providing information to help people find their 'way' - physically, in some location - or metaphorically by advising how to find one's way ('negotiate') through a complicated situation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'guide' in WordNet: 2. (1) guide - (someone who shows the way by leading or advising) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfluentialPerson . :GuideBook :wnsense "guide3n", "guidebook1n" ; :wordnet "guide", "guidebook" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GuideBook'' is a ''Handbook'' providing information about some specific topic, such as a Device or ''Place''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guidebook' in WordNet: 1. guidebook, guide - (something that offers basic information or instruction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handbook, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BasicInformation ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ] . :Guided :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :GuidingAMovingObject ; :wnsense "guided1adj" ; :wordnet "guided" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'Guided'' is the sense used in 'guided missile'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'guided' in Wordnet: 1. guided - (subject to guidance or control especially after launching; 'a guided missile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :PastParticiple . :GuidedByAdvice :en "guided" ; :enadj "guided" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Action ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :GuidingaPerson, :Mentoring ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GuidedByAdvice'' is the attribute of a Person who is performing or performs some Action that is affected by the Advice of another Person. This includes people who are participating in a 'guided tour'. No WN sense fo this. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :PastParticiple . :Guidelines :en "guidelines" ; :wnsense "guideline2n" ; :wordnet "guideline" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each set of ''Guidelines'' is a ''Recommendation'' that is contains one or more ''GenericRule''s about how to accomplish something or how to avoid difficulties. A ''Guidelines'' may include or consist of a ''Plan'' with a detailed recommended procedure. The WN enry is singular but the term is often used in the plural. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'guideline' in WordNet: 2. road map, guideline - (a detailed plan or explanation to guide you in setting standards or determining a course of action; 'the president said he had a road map for normalizing relations with Vietnam') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recommendation . :Guiding :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :GuidingSomething ; :wnsense "directing1adj", "directional3adj", "directive1adj", "guiding1adj", "guiding2adj" ; :wordnet "directing", "directional", "directive", "guiding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the logical difference between the two WN senses of 'guiding' is unclear. They are merged here until more examples of usage are found. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'guiding' in Wordnet: 1. guiding - (exerting control or influence; 'a guiding principle') 2. directing, directional, directive, guiding - (showing the way by conducting or leading; imposing direction on; 'felt his mother's directing arm around him'; 'the directional role of science on industrial progress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :GuidingAMovingObject :guid "c100601b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$DirectedTranslation. Each instance of #$GuidingAMovingObject is an event in which an agent guides or steers an object which is in translational (as opposed to rotational) motion. Notable specializations of #$GuidingAMovingObject include #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere, #$GuidingAnAnimal, and #$SteeringADeviceByHand. This is an Action that may be performed by a Person or by a Device, which to some extent affects of fully controls the Motion of some PhysicalObject. This Action mst be performed more than just briefly at the beginning of a ''Motion' as in a ''Propelling''). It may be performed intermittently or continuously during the ''Motion'' being guided. This is what the guidance unit does in a 'guided missile', or the remote operator of an unmanned vehicle who monitors the motion of an unmanned 'drone'. NOTE that in COSMO the 'Object' does not have to be Physical - so that a MoneyObject or piece of Software or electrons in a circuit can be the *object of this type of Action """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedTranslation, :GuidingSomething, :PurposefulAction . :GuidingSomething :eng "guiding" ; :wnsense "guide3v", "steer3v" ; :wordnet "guide", "steer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GuidingSomething' is a broad subtype of 'ControllingSomething' in which the thing controlled is a Person or Device. This type is itself not needed for direct use, as the subtypes provide the Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guide' in Wordnet: 3. (8) guide, steer - (be a guiding force, as with directions or advice; 'The teacher steered the gifted students towards the more challenging courses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething . :GuidingaPerson :ldoce "guidance", "guide" ; :wnsense "advise1v", "counsel1v", "counsel2n", "counseling1n", "counselling1n", "direction4n", "guidance2n", "guide3v", "rede2v", "steering1n" ; :wordnet "advise", "counsel", "counseling", "counselling", "direction", "guidance", "guide", "rede", "steering" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Guiding is a form of ''Advising'' in which the advising occurs at more than one time point, and the person being advised shows a willingness or even desire to receive the advice. This is a form of communication, not an act of accompaniment, as by a tour guide. This is not an act of managing (as in 'ControllingSomething'), since there is no necessary authority relationship between the person doing the guiding and the person being guided. The dictionaries are not clear on the difference if any between 'advice' and 'guidance', and in COSMO 'Guiding' represents a subtype of 'Advising' as distinguished above. Some dictionary definitions: RHW 'guide' 4. to supply (a person) with advice or counsel, as in practical or spiritual affairs. RHW 'advise' 1. to give counsel to; offer an opinion or suggestion as worth following: I advise you to be cautious. 2. to recommend as desirable, wise, prudent, etc.: He advised secrecy. LDOCE 'advise' 1. to tell someone what you think they should do, especially when you know more than they do about something: LDOCE 'guide': 3. to influence someone's behaviour or ideas: Teenagers need adults to guide them. 4. to show someone the right way to do something, especially something difficult or complicated NOte that WN noun 'guidance' has two relevant senses, but sense 1 seems to include elements of both the action and the guidlance (assertion) produced by the action. So sense 1 is divided betwen this and ''Guidance''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'guide' in WordNet: 3. (8) guide, steer - (be a guiding force, as with directions or advice; 'The teacher steered the gifted students towards the more challenging courses') WN verb 'counsel' (part): 1. (3) rede, advise, counsel - (give advice to; 'The teacher counsels troubled students'; 'The lawyer counselled me when I was accused of tax fraud') WN noun 'guidance': 1. (8) guidance, counsel, counseling, counselling, direction - (something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action) 2. (4) guidance, steering - (the act of guiding or showing the way) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Guidance ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :GuidingaPersonToSomePlace :ldoce "guide" ; :wnsense "conduct5v", "direct5v", "guide2v", "lead1v", "take3v" ; :wordnet "conduct", "direct", "guide", "lead", "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GuidingaPersonToSomePlace'' is a 'GuidingaPerson'' in which a ''Guide'' accompanies some ''Person''(s) to a Place where those ''Person''(s) want to go. This can be to one place, performed by a ''Guide'' with or without payment, or to multiple places, a task usually performed by a paid ''TourGuide'' (or by a friend or relative). The ''Guide'' may or may not provide transportation. 'Take me to your leader'. (classic greeting from a Space Alien, speaking fluent English). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'guide' in WordNet: 2. (11) lead, take, direct, conduct, guide - (take somebody somewhere; 'We lead him to our chief'; 'can you take me to the main entrance?'; 'He conducted us to the palace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuidingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Guide ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :GuidingaTransportationDevice :wnsense "direct11v", "guide1v", "head5v", "point4v" ; :wordnet "direct", "guide", "head", "point" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GuidingaTransportationDevice'' is a very general set of actions that include any form of 'guidance' such as directly steering a vehicle by hand, or giving directions to someone who is steering a vehicle, or providing positional or directional information to someone controlling a vehicle, or guiding a remote-controlled vehicle (drone, space craft) by sending electronic signals. The subtypes will be more specific. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'steer' in WordNet - specifically performing direct control of a moving vehicle: in WordNet: 1. (4) steer, maneuver, manoeuver, manoeuvre, direct, point, head, guide, channelize, channelise - (direct the course; determine the direction of travelling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuidingAMovingObject . :Guilt :guid "bd58e14d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "guilt" ; :wnsense "guilt feelings1n", "guilt trip1n", "guilt2n", "guilty conscience1n" ; :wordnet "guilt", "guilt feelings", "guilt trip", "guilty conscience" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Guilt is some agent's negative, self-accusatory feeling of responsibility for having caused some harm. Instances of #$Guilt vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or the subject experiencing the feeling. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'guilt' in WordNet: 2. (2) guilt, guilty conscience, guilt feelings, guilt trip - (remorse caused by feeling responsible for some offence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :Guilt-Ridden :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Guilt ; :isTheOppositeOf :Proud ; :wnsense "guilt-ridden1adj", "guilty2adj", "hangdog1adj", "shamed1adj", "shamefaced3adj" ; :wordnet "guilt-ridden", "guilty", "hangdog", "shamed", "shamefaced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the term 'hangdog' is also synonym of'defeated' for appearances. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'guilt-ridden' in Wordnet: 1. guilt-ridden - (feeling or revealing a sense of guilt; 'so guilt-ridden he could not face his father') WN adj 'guilty': 2. guilty, hangdog, shamefaced, shamed - (showing a sense of guilt; 'a guilty look'; 'the hangdog and shamefaced air of the retreating enemy'- Eric Linklater) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue, :Unhappy . :Guiltiness :ldoce "guilt" ; :wnsense "guilt1n", "guiltiness1n" ; :wordnet "guilt", "guiltiness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Guiltiness' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) arising as a result of a Person having committed some Action that was either a breach of some Rule or caused harm to something or someone. This is a SocialState, being a state that involves a Person's relations with the community, but is not always a SocialStatus because Guiltiness is independent of whether other people know that a Person is guilty of an Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guilt' and sense 1 of 'guiltiness' in WordNet: 1. (8) guilt, guiltiness - (the state of having committed an offense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialState . :Guilty :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Guiltiness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Innocent ; :wnsense "guilty1adj" ; :wordnet "guilty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Guilty' is an attribute of people who are in the state of Guiltiness due to having performed some Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'guilty' in WordNet: 1. (10) guilty - (responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act; or marked by guilt; 'guilty of murder'; 'the guilty person'; 'secret guilty deeds'; 'a guilty conscience'; 'guilty behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient, :SocialStatusAttribute . :Guinea :wnsense "Guinea3n" ; :wordnet "Guinea" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'Grenada' in WordNet: 3. Guinea, Republic of Guinea, French Guinea - (a republic in western Africa on the Atlantic; formerly a French colony; achieved independence from France in 1958) """ . :Guinea-Bissau a :Country . :Guinea-Coin :wnsense "guinea1n" ; :wordnet "guinea" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Guinea-Coin'' is a former British coin worth more than one 'Pound' (=twelve shillings). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guinea' in WordNet: 1. guinea - (a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gold ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :British ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwentyOneBritishShillings ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :GuineaPig :guid "bf3e1d93-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Cavia cobaya1n", "guinea pig1n" ; :wordnet "Cavia cobaya", "guinea pig" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of domesticated mammals originally from South America. Their scientific name is Cavia porcellus. According to most of the sources I could find, instances of #$GuineaPig are #$Rodents. According to one source, they are members of the order Rodentia and the family Caviidae. NOTE: the term 'Guinea pig' is also used metaphorically for any animal(s), including people, who are used as experimental subjects in some form of 'research', formal or informal. Simiar to the use of 'lab rat'. See ''ExperimentalSubject''. 'guinea pig's are common animal subjects used for laoratory testing of substances such as drugs. So the term 'gunea pig' has become used to refer to any person used for an experimental study, with or without their understanding that they are exerimental subjects. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'guinea pig' in WordNet: 2. guinea pig, Cavia cobaya - (stout-bodied nearly tailless domesticated cavy; often kept as a pet and widely used in research) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cavy, :LaboratoryAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LaboratoryResearch ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :Guise :wnsense "guise1n", "pretence2n", "pretense5n", "pretext2n" ; :wordnet "guise", "pretence", "pretense", "pretext" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Guise'' is a ''PhysicalAppearance'' that is intentionally created by a Person to be ''Misleading''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guise' in WordNet: 1. guise, pretense, pretence, pretext - (an artful or simulated semblance; 'under the guise of friendship he betrayed them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAppearance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Misleading ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :Guitar :guid "c10aeca6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "guitar1n" ; :wordnet "guitar" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A StringInstrument that has six to twelve strings and is played by strumming with one hand while grasping frets with the other hand. COSMO note: In Cyc there are specializations for purely acoustic, electric, and electric-acoustic guitars, as well as 12-string versions. This is the most generic type, called 'Guitar-Generic' in Cyc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guitar' in Wordnet: 1. (3) guitar - (a stringed instrument usually having six strings; played by strumming or plucking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StringInstrument . :Guitarist :wnsense "guitar player1n", "guitarist1n" ; :wordnet "guitar player", "guitarist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guitarist' in WordNet: 1. guitarist, guitar player - (a musician who plays the guitar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalInstrumentPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaGuitar ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaGuitar ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Gulf :guid "bd590006-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gulf1n" ; :wordnet "gulf" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BodyOfWater-Large. Each instance of #$Gulf is a part of a sea extending into a land mass. Instances of #$Gulf include the #$SaronicGulf, #$GulfOfMexico, #$GulfOfArkangelsk, #$GulfOfCalifornia, and #$PersianGulf. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gulf' in WordNet: 1. (1) gulf - (an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land; larger than a bay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater-Large, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeaWater ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sea ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bay ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ] . :GulfOfMexico :hasMassInGrams "3E22"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthernHemisphere, :WesternHemisphere ; a :Ocean ; rdfs:comment """The whole GulfOfMexico, bordering the southern coast of the USA and the eastern coast of Mexico.""" . :Gullible :isAnAttributeValueOf :Patsy ; :wnsense "fleeceable1adj", "green5adj", "gullible1adj", "gullible2adj" ; :wordnet "fleeceable", "green", "gullible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gullible' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fleeceable, green, gullible - (naive and easily deceived or tricked; 'at that early age she had been gullible and in love') 2. gullible - (easily tricked because of being too trusting; 'gullible tourists taken in by the shell game') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Naive . :Gully :guid "ed785cb8-e570-41d7-9097-a7e3c5812999" ; :wnsense "gully1n" ; :wordnet "gully" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long and narrow open-top HoleInTheGround. This is the physical object that consists of the walls of the ditch. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gully' in WordNet: 1. (1) gully - (deep ditch cut by running water (especially after a prolonged downpour)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ditch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlowingWater ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gum :wnsense "gum3n" ; :wordnet "gum" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Gum' is a substance exuded by plants. This type includes the moist freshly exuded substance a well as the same substance in its dried state, whether in clumps or powdered (as incense). Because this type includes the semisolid fresh exudate as well as the dried substance, it is not classified by state (liquid, solid). NOTE that this is distinguished from 'Resin' by being soluble in water.: GUM: a viscous secretion of some trees and shrubs that hardens on drying but is soluble in water, and from which adhesives and other products are made. Compare with resin. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'gum' in WordNet: 3. gum - (any of various substances (soluble in water) that exude from certain plants; they are gelatinous when moist but harden on drying) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlantType ] . :Gumption :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Gutsy ; :wnsense "backbone2n", "grit2n", "gumption1n", "guts1n", "moxie1n" ; :wordnet "backbone", "grit", "gumption", "guts", "moxie" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Difficult to tell the difference between ''Pluck'' and ''Gumption''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'gumption' in WordNet: 2. backbone, grit, guts, moxie, sand, gumption - (fortitude and determination; 'he didn't have the guts to try it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Determination, :Fortitude . :Gun :guid "c1006ea3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "gun" ; :wnsense "gun1n" ; :wordnet "gun" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Weapon and #$ProjectileLauncher. Each instance of #$Gun is a weapon used to fire projectiles (see the collection #$ProjectileWeapon), where each of the projectiles is propelled by an explosion inside the weapon. The trajectory of the projectile fired by the gun can be direct (as for most instances of the collection #$Gun-Portable) or indirect (as for instances of the collection #$Mortar). SUMO: A Weapon that shoots a Projectile. COSMO note: 'Gun' is very generic for weapons that fire projectiles due to an explosion inside the weapon. A Gun can be small or very large, as in naval guns. More specific would be rifle or pistol. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gun' in WordNet: 1. (72) gun - (a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :HexalateralObject, :MechanicalDevice, :ProjectileLauncher, :Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GunBarrel ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :GunBarrel :guid "bd63673a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barrel1n", "gun barrel1n" ; :wordnet "barrel", "gun barrel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The part of a gun which is a hollow cylinder, one or more orders of magnitude longer than its diameter, through which the mass being fired (a bullet, buckshot, etc.) travels when the gun is discharged. SUMO: The part of a Gun through which a Projectile travels when it is fired. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gun barrel' in WordNet: 1. (1) barrel, gun barrel - (a tube through which a bullet travels when a gun is fired) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalHollowObject, :EngineeringComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gun ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :GunTrigger :guid "bf907025-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gun trigger1n", "trigger1n" ; :wordnet "gun trigger", "trigger" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: the collection of all triggers on guns. The term 'trigger' is also used metaphorically for anything (even an event) that causes an action to happen. SUMO: The part of the Gun which is pulled in Shooting the Gun. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trigger' in WordNet: 1. (5) gun trigger, trigger - (lever that activates the firing mechanism of a gun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngineeringComponent, :Lever, :TriggeringMechanism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firearm ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Gunfire :en "gunfire" ; :enn "gunfire" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gunfire'' is an EventGroup consisting of at least two instances of ''ShootingaFirearm'' (a handgun or rife). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShootingaFirearm ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Gunman :wnsense "gun4n", "gunman1n", "gunslinger1n", "triggerman1n" ; :wordnet "gun", "gunman", "gunslinger", "triggerman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gunman'' is a ''Murderer'' who has performed a ''Murder'' at least once, possibly for hire by an individual, or as part of a group of criminals. A 'profesional' murderer is the subtype ''ContractKiller''. This excludes ''Murderer''s that act on their own without coordiation with others. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'hit man' in WordNet: 1. gunman, gunslinger, hired gun, gun, gun for hire, triggerman, hit man, hitman, torpedo, shooter - (a professional killer who uses a gun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Murderer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShootingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Gunpowder :guid "c10052a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gunpowder1n" ; :wordnet "gunpowder" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Gunpowder is a specialization of #$LowExplosive and an instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. Each instance of #$Gunpowder is a low explosive powdery mixture comprised of 75% #$PotassiumNitrate (KNO3), 15% #$Carbon, and 10% #$Sulfur. SUMO: A Mixture of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal that is used in ExplosiveDevices and to propell Projectiles in ProjectileWeapons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gunpowder' in Wordnet: 1. (2) gunpowder, powder - (a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :ExplosiveSubstance, :Mixture, :Powder . :Gunshot :en "gunshot" ; :enn "gunshot" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gunshot'' is a ''Pop'' (a single popping sound) made by an event of ''ShootingaFirearm''. NOTE: there s no sense of 'gunshot' in WN. In RHW sense 1 of 'gunshot' is ambiguous, though the example suggests that it includes the sound of a gun firing. RHW noun 'gunshot': 1. the shooting of a gun: We heard three gunshots. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pop, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShootingaFirearm ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Guppy :guid "bd58bb6d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Lebistes reticulatus1n", "guppy1n", "rainbow fish1n" ; :wordnet "Lebistes reticulatus", "guppy", "rainbow fish" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guppy' in WordNet: 1. guppy, rainbow fish, Lebistes reticulatus - (small freshwater fish of South America and the West Indies; often kept in aquariums) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CypriniformFish, :FreshWaterFish . :GurEmirMausoleum :commemorates :Tamerlane ; :contains :Tamerlane ; :en "Gur Emir Mausoleum" ; :enn "Gur Emir Mausoleum" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasPhysicalPart :GurEmirMausoleum ; :isLocatedAt :Samarkand ; :isOwnedBy :UnknownAgent1 ; :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf :Tamerlane ; a :Mausoleum . :Gurney :wnsense "gurney1n" ; :wordnet "gurney" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device which is used to carry medical patients, usually to a location where a medical procedure will be performed on them, having a wheeled frame which may be collapsible and may be used by itself or together with a ''Litter-Stretcher'' which may be used to carry a ''MedicalPatient'' by hand to a point where the ''Litter-Strether with the patient can be place on the frame component and then can be wheeled along a surface to assist transporting the ''MedicalPatient'' to another point, whether from point to point inside a medical facility or to or from an Ambulance (inside which it is usually collapsed to take less space). The WN parents 'litter' and 'stretcher' do not seem to be logically compatible with a wheeld device. A ''Gurney'' does not have to have two poles. Thus a ''Litter-Stretcher'' is in a different line of descent from ''LandTransportationDevice'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gurney' in WordNet: 1. gurney - (a metal stretcher with wheels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanPoweredDevice, :LandTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FourWheels ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] ; owl:disjointWith :TransportationDevice-Vehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice . :Guru :wnsense "guru1n" ; :wordnet "guru" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Guru'' is any ''ReligiousLeader'' whose pronouncements on any moral or religious matter are considered authoritative by some ''GroupOfPeople''. Includes butis broader than noun sense 1 of 'guru' in WordNet: 1. (1) guru - (a Hindu or Buddhist religious leader and spiritual teacher) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousLeader, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousGroup ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :Gust :hasCorrespondingProcess :AirCurrent ; :wnsense "gust1n" ; :wordnet "gust" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Brief'' ''Wind'' of short duration, from a barely detectable air movement to a ''Wind'' sufficient to move solid objects.. NOTE: the WN gloss suggests a 'strong' wind, but that is relative to the prevailing windcurrent. In COSMO there is no minimum velocity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gust' in WordNet: 1. (3) gust, blast, blow - (a strong current of air; 'the tree was bent almost double by the gust') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wind, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gusty :guid "bd58aa29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :EarthsAtmosphere ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Gust ; :wnsense "gusty1adj", "puffy3adj" ; :wordnet "gusty", "puffy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An instance of #$OutdoorLocationByWeatherType. Each instance of #$Gusty is an instance of #$OutdoorLocation in which the wind is subject to sudden changes in direction and intensity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'gusty' in Wordnet: 1. gusty, puffy - (blowing in puffs or short intermittent blasts; 'puffy off-shore winds'; 'gusty winds ') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Windy . :Gutsy :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Gumption ; :isTheOppositeOf :Timid ; :wnsense "feisty1adj", "gutsy1adj", "plucky1adj", "plucky2adj", "spunky1adj" ; :wordnet "feisty", "gutsy", "plucky", "spunky" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (not for wine) adjective sense 1 of 'gutsy' in WordNet: 1. gutsy, plucky - (marked by courage and determination in the face of difficulties or danger; robust and uninhibited; 'you have to admire her; it was a gutsy thing to do'; 'the gutsy...intensity of her musical involvement'-Judith Crist; 'a gutsy red wine') WN adj 'plucky': 2. feisty, plucky, spunky - (showing courage; 'the champion is faced with a feisty challenger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Courageous . :Guyana :wnsense "Guyana1n" ; :wordnet "Guyana" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Guyana' in WordNet: 1. Guyana, Co-operative Republic of Guyana, British Guiana - (a republic in northeastern South America; achieved independence from England in 1966) """ . :Guzzling :eng "guzzling" ; :wnsense "guzzle1v" ; :wordnet "guzzle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Guzzling'' is a 'DrinkingEvent'' performed quickly and quantities of in more than a mouthful or two, at least a 8-ouce glass or bottle. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'guzzle' in WordNet: 1. (1) guzzle - (drink greedily or as if with great thirst; 'The boys guzzled the cheap vodka') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Gymnasium :wnsense "gym1n", "gymnasium2n" ; :wordnet "gym", "gymnasium" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gymnasium'' is a SportsFacility that is one Room, which may be large or of maodest size, in a larger structure, as in a hotel or school Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gymnasium' in WordNet: 1. (4) gymnasium, gym - (athletic facility equipped for sports or physical training) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, :SportsFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GymnasticExercise ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Gymnast :wnsense "gymnast1n" ; :wordnet "gymnast" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gymnast'' is a ''Person'' who at any given time (even occasionally,but with some skill), or habitually or professionally performs a ''GymnasticAction'' which is an Action that is an execution of some aspect of ''Gymnastics''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gymnast' in WordNet: 1. (5) gymnast - (an athlete who is skilled in gymnastics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GymnasticAction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :GymnasticAction :en "gymnastic action" ; :enn "gymnastic action" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GymnasticAction'' is an ''AthleticActivity''that is an execution of any of various types of movement of body parts categorized as ''Gymnastics'', that are performed to either increase one's ability to perform muscular activity (subtype ''ExercisingEvent'') or to display one's ability to perform muscular movements of many kinds, including running, jumping, swimming and the like, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :StrenuousAthleticActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gymnastics ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :GymnasticExercise :eng "exercising" ; :wnsense "exercise1n", "exercise4v", "exercising1n", "physical exercise1n", "physical exertion1n", "work out4v", "workout1n" ; :wordnet "exercise", "exercising", "physical exercise", "physical exertion", "work out", "workout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GymnasticExercise'' is one or more ''GymnasticAction''s performed for the purpose of improving one's muscular strength or overall fitness, not a part of a competition. This usually uses some gym equipment, but that equipment can be at home or at work. For exercise without using such equipment, the type ''ExercisingEvent'' can be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'exercise' in WordNet: 1. (26) exercise, exercising, physical exercise, physical exertion, workout (the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit; 'the doctor recommended regular exercise'; 'he did some exercising'; 'the physical exertion required by his work kept him fit') WN verb 'exercise': 4. (3) exercise, work out - (do physical exercise; 'She works out in the gym every day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GymnasticAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalFitness ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :Gymnastics :wnsense "gymnastic exercise1n", "gymnastics1n" ; :wordnet "gymnastic exercise", "gymnastics" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Gymnastics'' covers both casual exercising of muscles (but more than just stretching) as well as the more organized and rigorously trained sport performed in competitions. There is no single purpose for this broad category, as it can be done to strengthen muscles or (in competition) to display one's ability or to test one's own ability. Subtypes can cover more specific versions. This is performed by a 'Gymnast' which is merely a term used for someone performing gymnastics, casually or for serious competition or disply. NOTE that as a 'Sport''this is just the *Specification* for the activity,not the activity itself. (WN misspelling: gymanstic for gymnastic: corrected) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gymnastics' in WordNet: 1. (11) gymnastics, gymnastic exercise - (a sport that involves exercises intended to display strength and balance and agility) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Gymnast ] . :Gymnatorium a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gymnatorium'' is a Room that serves as both a ''Gymnasium'' and an ''Auditorium'' (large enough to hold over 100 people seated).. No WN or RHW definition. Online dictionary at yourdictionary.com: gymnatorium: A room, as in a school, combining the functions of gymnasium and auditorium. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Auditorium, :Gymnasium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GymnasticExercise ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Gynecologist :guid "bd589957-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gynaecologist1n", "gynecologist1n", "woman's doctor1n" ; :wordnet "gynaecologist", "gynecologist", "woman's doctor" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Gynecologists are doctors who specialize in disorders of the female reproductive system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gynecologist' in WordNet: 1. (1) gynecologist, gynaecologist, woman's doctor - (a specialist in gynecology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gynecology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Gynecology :wnsense "gynaecology1n", "gynecology1n" ; :wordnet "gynaecology", "gynecology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gynecology' in WordNet: 1. gynecology, gynaecology - (the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and hygiene of women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemalePerson ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gynecologist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Gynoecium :guid "bd58d210-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gynoecium1n" ; :wordnet "gynoecium" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The female component of a flower, made up of one or more carpels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gynoecium' in WordNet: 1. gynoecium - (a female gametoecium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantPart . :Gypsum :guid "bdf0e749-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Calcium, :Hydrogen, :Oxygen, :Sulfur ; :hasHardnessInMohs "2"^^xsd:int ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :CalciumSulfate ; :wnsense "gypsum1n" ; :wordnet "gypsum" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Relatively soft - Moh's hardeness = 2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gypsum' in WordNet: 1. gypsum - (a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :GyroCompass :guid "c1007e4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToMeasure :OrientationMeasure ; :wnsense "gyrocompass1n" ; :wordnet "gyrocompass" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A compass that uses a gyroscope instead of a magnet to indicate the direction of true north rather than magnetic north. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gyrocompass' in WordNet: 1. gyrocompass - (a compass that does not depend on magnetism but uses a gyroscope instead) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compass, :ElectricalDevice . :GyroSandwich :en "gyro sandwich" ; :enn "gyro sandwich" ; :guid "be2ec1fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gyro1n" ; :wordnet "gyro" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all gyro sandwiches, the default variety of which includes spit-roasted lamb meat, onions, and cucumber sauce on a #$PitaBread. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gyro' in WordNet: 1. gyro - (a Greek sandwich: sliced roast lamb with onion and tomato stuffed into pita bread) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sandwich . :Gyroscope :guid "c125f0da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gyro2n", "gyroscope1n" ; :wordnet "gyro", "gyroscope" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all gyroscopes. A simple stand-alone ''Gyroscope'' canbe used as a toy,but a precision-manufactured ''Gyroscope'' can be a component of devices and instruments used for navigation on earth or in space. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gyroscope' in WordNet: 1. gyroscope, gyro - (rotating mechanism in the form of a universally mounted spinning wheel that offers resistance to turns in any direction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :MechanicalDevice . :HPACAgent :guid "09079082-bcbf-41d7-8f3c-c20dba4a6a16" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of all delivery systems supported by the HPAC application.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance . :HTML :wnsense "HTML1n", "hypertext mark-up language1n", "hypertext markup language1n" ; :wordnet "HTML", "hypertext mark-up language", "hypertext markup language" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HTML'' is the common acronymm for 'HypertextMarkupLanguage', the ''MarkupLanguage'' that has become (as of 2019) the main language used to prepare and view document for display on the internet (World-Wide Web). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'HTML' in WordNet: 1. hypertext markup language, hypertext mark-up language, HTML - (a set of tags and rules (conforming to SGML) for using them in developing hypertext documents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarkupLanguage . :Ha :en "ha", "hah" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ha'' is the class of ''Interjections'' that are pronounced like the Word 'hah'. Each instance may be used to express disagreemtn with a statement made by another conversant: ('I am the best in the world!' response: 'Ha!') or any of various other emotions or implied responses. RHW: (used as an exclamation of surprise, interrogation, suspicion, triumph, etc.) Also, hah. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WORD_ha ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ] . :HaHa :isEmittedBy :Person ; :wnsense "ha-ha1n" ; :wordnet "ha-ha" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'ha-haing' ('laughing') sound made by people who are amused. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'ha-ha' in Wordnet, but this is broader, not restricted to what is called a 'horse laugh': in WordNet: 1. hee-haw, horselaugh, ha-ha, haw-haw - (a loud laugh that sounds like a horse neighing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound, :Laughter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laughing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Habit :ldoce "habit" ; :wnsense "habit2n", "use5n", "wont2n" ; :wordnet "habit", "use", "wont" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Habit is a Behavior of an individual person that is an acquired pattern of actions, and is repeated often enough to distinguish that behavior from the more common forms of behavior in that culture at that time. A repeated action that is common among a community (even if not common worldwide) due to social norms, rather than for individual preference, would be a 'Custom', not a 'Habit'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'habit' in WordNet: 2. (6) habit, use, wont - (a pattern of behavior acquired through frequent repetition; 'she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair; long use had hardened him to it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Behavior, :HumanActivity . :Habitat :wnsense "habitat1n" ; :wordnet "habitat" ; a :HabitatType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Habitat is an ''Environment-Generic'' (a ''Place'') that can be a specific region of the Earth's surface, or some type of region such as a 'Forest', or even some quantity of substance such as 'SeaWater'. Because it is so heterogeneous, it is a vague high-level category under 'Individual'. For humans, a ''Habitat'' can be almost anywhere that a person can live in a self-sustaining way (without being supplied from outside, as at the South Pole). As with other ''Environment-Generic''s, each instance of ''Habitat'' is the location of some ''EnvironmentalSituation'', and in the case of a ''Habitata'' the situation is represented as a ''HabitatSituation'' that describes what that Habitat is like (in which to live or perform actions) @@ToDo: Should this be a metatype with the different habitats as instances??? This would be some *part* of the biosphere (not represented as of Rev1293). Perhaps 'biosphere' should be a subtype? 1. biosphere - (the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist) Every Type that can serve as the object value for the 'hasTypicalHabitat' relation should be a subclass of this Type. NOTE that in WordNet a 'habitat' is a subtype of 'environs, surroundings' But a common interpretation of the word 'habitat' often conjures up an image of the kinds of objects located there; in COSMO the place is the Habitat, and the things located there are the associated ''HabitatSituation'' that is a Situation describing what is located there and what happens there. Although a ''Habitat'' is also a ''Place'' in COSMO,it should *necessarily* be associated with some ''HabitatSituation'' that fills in the kind of imagery usually associated with the term 'habitat'. *BUT* in the current version 1569 this relation does not have to be instantiated. Some instances need to be The word 'habitat' is usually used to refer to the normal *type* of living place of a *species*, but as a ''Place'' in COSMO it could also specify the current *specific* location of an *individual*, but that would be unnecessary, as a ''Place'' can be referred to in a more traditional 'location' format. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'habitat' in Wordnet: 1. (2) habitat, home ground - (the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs; 'a marine habitat'; 'he felt safe on his home grounds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Environment-Generic, :OutsideLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HabitatSituation ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :HabitatArea a :HabitatType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HabitatRegion is a GeographicalArea - part of the Earth's surface - that has been identified as the typical region where most of the naturally free-living individuals of a particular species of Organism will be found. Instances of this Type can be used as the object argument of the 'hasTypicalHabitat' relation, when a type of Organism is known to be located mostly in one region of the Earth. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalArea, :Habitat . :HabitatRegion a :HabitatType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HabitatRegion is a GeographicalRegion - part of the Earth's surface - that has been identified as the typical region where most of the naturally free-living individuals of a particular species of Organism will be found. Instances of this Type can be used as the object argument of the 'hasTypicalHabitat' relation, when a type of Organism is known to be located mostly in one region of the Earth.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalRegion, :Habitat . :HabitatSituation :en "environment" ; a :EnvironmentType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HabitatSituation'' is an ''EnvironmentalCondition'' that specifies some properties of the environment in which an ''Organism'' exists, rather than the state of the Object itself.The 'situation' can include specific references to the objects present, the composition of the air and water and soil, and anything else relevant to the suitability of a place for living things to exist and thrive. Subtypes can specify narrowly focused aspects of an overall ''EnvironmentalSituation''. @ToDo: need a representation of 'biosphere'. This is approximately represented by RHW sense 2 of 'environment' 2. (Ecol.) the air, water, minerals, organisms, and all other external factors surrounding and affecting a given organism at any time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvironmentalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Habitat :HabitatType ) ] ] . :HabitatType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """HabitatType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for regions or physical areas with particular characteristics, and can serve as an argument restriction for the relation 'hasTypicalHabitat' OrganismTypes. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationType . :Habitation :wnsense "habitation1n" ; :wordnet "habitation" ; a :HabitatType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Habitation'' is some natural place (including objects) where a WildAnimal can stay, whether to feed *or* to mate *or* to sleep. ''Natural'' can be built by a non-human animal, but not by an ''IntelligentAgent''. NOT the same as a ''Habitat'' which is an ''Outdoor'' location, used for larger areas. For a natural sleeping location, use subtype ''Den''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'habitation' in WordNet: 1. habitation - (the native habitat or home of an animal or plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Natural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WildAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ] . :Habitual :ldoce "habitual" ; :wnsense "accustomed1adj", "customary2adj", "habitual1adj", "habitual2adj", "wonted1adj" ; :wordnet "accustomed", "customary", "habitual", "wonted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Habitual' is a qualitative attribute that is a subtype of 'Frequent' - 'Frequent' is highly context sensitive, and 'Habitual' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are performed by a 'IntentionalAgent' - usually a Mammal - more often than the average organism of that type performs such an action. To say that one takes a shower habitually would only conform to this sense if the method of taking a shower were unusual, or the frequency greater than a typical person doing it. To categorize an Action as 'Habitual' it is necessary for the Agent performing that action to be specified. Habitual also includes the sense that the Action so described is more than just accustomed. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'habitual' in WordNet: 1. (1) habitual - (made a norm or custom or habit; 'his habitual practice was to eat an early supper'; 'her habitual neatness') 2. (1) accustomed, customary, habitual, wonted - (commonly used or practiced; usual; 'his accustomed thoroughness'; 'took his customary morning walk'; 'his habitual comment'; 'with her wonted candor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frequent, :Routine . :HabitualPreference :wnsense "predilection1n", "preference2n" ; :wordnet "predilection", "preference" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HabitualPreference' is a Preference of a type that is manifested with sufficient frequency to be considered a 'Habit' - a habitual way of behaving. Linguistically this may be called a 'predilection' as well as a 'preference'. The difference between 'Preference' and 'HabitualPreference' is that one may have a 'Preference' for something in any situation where a choice is available, but to have a 'HabitualPreference' it is necessary for one to make the same choice among a similar set of options, most of the time that the options are presented (and requiring at least three instances of such a choice to be manifest as a 'HabitualPreference'). Includes noun sense 2 of 'preference' and sense 1 of 'predilection' in WordNet: 2. (2) predilection, preference, orientation - (a predisposition in favor of something; 'a predilection for expensive cars'; 'his sexual preferences'; 'showed a Marxist orientation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Habit, :Preference . :HabituallyOptimistic :wnsense "optimistic1adj" ; :wordnet "optimistic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HabituallyOptimistic'' is a subtype of ''Optimistic'' it is an attribute of a ''Optimist'' who habitually expects outcomes that are better than an objective analysis would predict. Corresponds to adjectivesense 1 of 'optimistic' in WordNet: 1. (2) optimistic - (expecting the best in this best of all possible worlds; 'in an optimistic mood'; 'optimistic plans'; \"took an optimistic view\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Optimistic . :HabituallySmokingMarijuana :en "smoke marijuana", "smoking marijuana" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HabituallySmokingMarijuana'' is the Action sequence of ''SmokingMarijuana'' frequently (more than once per week), and uncontrollably (compulsively). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompulsiveBehavior, :SmokingMarijuana, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frequent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Routinely ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :Habituation :en "get accustomed to", "get used to" ; :eng "getting accustomed to", "getting used to" ; :env ">get used to", "get accustomed to" ; :wnsense "habituation2n" ; :wordnet "habituation" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Habituation'' is the intransitive Action of an Animal that becomes 'accustomed' to some kind of Event to which the Agent has been exposed on multiple occasions. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'habituation' in WordNet: 2. habituation - (a general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdaptingOneself, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accustoming ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Hacker :en "black-hat hacker" ; :guid "bead27dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hacker2n" ; :wordnet "hacker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type of 'Hacker' is a subtype of ''ComputerCracker'' specifically for those who perform ''Hacking'' for malicious purposes such as stealing or destruction. CYC: A specialization of #$ComputerUser. Each instance of #$Hacker is a person who who willfully attempts to access, use, or affect an instance of #$ComputationalSystem without authorization. Hackers may also be authorized users of a system that attempt to use or affect the system in a manner that is not consistent with its normal operation or intended use (see #$Hacker-Insider). Hackers attack computational systems using computers - someone who crashes their computer by beating it with a bat or pouring water on it would not be a hacker. Hackers use the resources - input devices, drives, programs, operations, etc. - of a computer to hack it, or they use one computer's resources to hack another. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'hacker' in WordNet: 2. hacker, cyber-terrorist, cyberpunk - (a programmer who breaks into computer systems in order to steal or change or destroy information as a form of cyber-terrorism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerCracker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malicious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hacking :en "hacking", "hacking a computer", "hacking a computer program" ; :enn "hacking" ; :guid "bd58a8cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hack6v" ; :wordnet "hack" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ProgrammingAComputer, comprising particularly clever or expert programming feats. Contrary to popular usage of the word hacking , this constant is not intended to refer to acts of breaking into computer systems (for that, see #$PenetratingAComputerNetwork and #$AttackByComputerOperation). Includes harmless and criminal varieties - see ''Hacker''. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'hack' in WordNet: 6. hack, hack on - (fix a computer program piecemeal until it works; 'I'm not very good at hacking but I'll give it my best') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingaComputerProgram . :Hadron :wnsense "hadron1n" ; :wordnet "hadron" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hadron' in WordNet: 1. hadron - (any elementary particle that interacts strongly with other particles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElementaryParticle . :Hafnium :guid "bd590a8f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "72"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Hf1n", "hafnium1n" ; :wordnet "Hf", "hafnium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Hafnium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hafnium' in WordNet: 1. hafnium, Hf, atomic number 72 - (a grey tetravalent metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals; used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Haggling :wnsense "chaffer1n", "haggle1n", "haggle1v", "haggling1n", "higgle1v", "huckster2v", "wrangle2n", "wrangling1n" ; :wordnet "chaffer", "haggle", "haggling", "higgle", "huckster", "wrangle", "wrangling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Haggling'' is a form of ''Bargaining'' that is prolonged and back-and-forth, and may include disagreements over minor details. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'haggle' in WordNet: 1. (2) haggle, higgle, chaffer, huckster - (wrangle (over a price, terms of an agreement, etc.); \"Let's not haggle over a few dollars\") WN noun 'haggling': 1. haggle, haggling, wrangle, wrangling - (an instance of intense argument (as in bargaining)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bargaining . :Haha-Plant :en "haha" ; :guid "c1256dff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :Hail :consistsOfManyOf :HailStone ; :wnsense "hail1n" ; :wordnet "hail" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance consisting of multiple small pieces of Ice dropping or dropped from the sky as precipitation. The Event of Hailstones falling is represented as ''HailEvent'' Unclear if the WN sense is inended to represent the Event. This type takes the WN synset as the falling hailstones as a substance. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'hail' in WordNet: 1. (3) hail - (precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sleet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HailEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :HailEvent :guid "bd589b65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hailstorm1n" ; :wordnet "hailstorm" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'HailProcess' in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of #$PrecipitationProcess. Each instance of #$HailProcess is an event in which #$HailStones fall to the earth from clouds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hailstorm' in WordNet: 1. hailstorm - (a storm during which hail falls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StormAsEvent, :WaterPrecipitationProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hail ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :HailStone :guid "bd58f574-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hailstone1n" ; :wordnet "hailstone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PrecipitationParticle. Instances of #$HailStone are small particles emitted from clouds in instances of #$HailProcess (q.v.). Instances of #$HailStone usually consist of several concentric layers of ice. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hailstone' in Wordnet: 1. hailstone - (small pellet of ice that falls during a hailstorm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrystallineObject, :PrecipitationParticle, :RoundObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HailEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Hair :guid "2031be32-9f3c-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d1c3" ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Mammal ; :ldoce "hair" ; :wnsense "hair1n" ; :wordnet "hair" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Hair is a fibrous material grown on mammals, and is a Substance in COSMO,though the Cyc term 'Hair-Stuff' is used as an Object. This is Hair as a substance, not a single strand of Hair 'Hair-Strand', which would be an Object. This is the substance that can compose a single strand or a 'MobOfHair-Mammal'. NOTE that a bunch of 'Hair-Strand's together would be a 'MobOfHair-Mammal'. Cyc: The collection of the material of which #$Hair-Strands are composed. Noun sense 1 of 'hair' in WordNet appears to be the closest sense, but it is not identical; the Wordnet sense is closer to 'MobOfHair-Mammal': in WordNet: 1. (59) hair - (a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss; 'he combed his hair'; 'each hair consists of layers of dead keratinized cells') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairLikeSubstance . :Hair-Strand :guid "bd58ce5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hair" ; :wnsense "hair4n" ; :wordnet "hair" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An individual strand of hair. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'hair' in WordNet: 4. hair, pilus - (any of the cylindrical filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal; 'there is a hair in my soup') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :HairlikeFiber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hair ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :HairAccessory :guid "bd589683-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Decorative and/or functional gee-gaws worn in the hair. Barrettes, bows, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :WomensClothingAccessory . :HairBand :guid "be01e2ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandShapedObject, :HairAccessory . :HairBarrette :guid "bd58f4dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barrette1n" ; :wordnet "barrette" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Barrettes worn in hair. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrette' in WordNet: 1. barrette - (a pin for holding women's hair in place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairAccessory, :HairPin . :HairBraid :wnsense "braid1n", "plait1n", "tress1n", "twist10n" ; :wordnet "braid", "plait", "tress", "twist" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :ThreadType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HairBraid'' is a ''BraidedObject'' that is a ''HairObject'', i.e. made of multiple strands of hair. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'braid' in WordNet: 1. (1) braid, plait, tress, twist - (a hairdo formed by braiding or twisting the hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BraidedObject, :CordlikeObject, :HairObject . :HairBrush :guid "bd58dd88-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hairbrush1n" ; :wordnet "hairbrush" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A brush used to groom the hair. brush, brushing -- (the act of brushing your hair; \"he gave his hair a quick brush\") Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairbrush' in WordNet: 1. hairbrush - (a brush used to groom a person's hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brush, :PersonalProduct . :HairCare :wnsense "hair care1n", "haircare1n", "hairdressing2n" ; :wordnet "hair care", "haircare", "hairdressing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Action in which someone performs some action on a Person's ''Hair'' (usually that Person's own, unless in a hair salon) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hair care' in WordNet: 1. hair care, haircare, hairdressing - (care for the hair: the activity of washing or cutting or curling or arranging the hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalGrooming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairOnHead ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairRoller ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairBrush ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :HairColorType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance (owl:Class) of ''HairColorType'' describes a term used to characterize the color of a human person's ''HeadHair''.. The instances will be subtypes of ''HairColorValue''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttributeType . :HairColorValue :en "hair color value" ; :enn "hair color value" ; a :HairColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HairColorValue'' is the color of human hair, which can vary from the usage of the same color terms when they are used to describe other things. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :HairColoring :wnsense "hair coloring1n", "hair dye1n" ; :wordnet "hair coloring", "hair dye" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HairColoring'' is a ''Dye'' that can be used for coloring ''Hair' and also for other purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hair coloring' in WordNet: 1. hair dye, hair coloring - (a dye or tint for the hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dye . :HairConditioner :guid "bd58f619-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "conditioner3n" ; :wordnet "conditioner" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: The WN 'conditioner' includes several kinds of conditioner. This is a conditioner for hair. Corresponds to part (for hair) of noun sense 3 of 'conditioner' in WordNet: 3. conditioner - (a substance used in washing (clothing or hair) to make things softer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :Softener, :ToiletrySubstance, :WaterSolubleStuff . :HairCut :wnsense "haircut1n" ; :wordnet "haircut" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''HairCut'' is a specific stype of ''HairDo'' produced by some act of ''CuttingHair'''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'haircut' in WordNet: 1. (2) haircut - (the style in which hair has been cut) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairDo, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingHair ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :HairDo :wnsense "coif1n", "coiffure1n", "hair style1n", "hairdo1n", "hairstyle1n" ; :wordnet "coif", "coiffure", "hair style", "hairdo", "hairstyle" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HairDo'' is the *substance* ''Hair'' on the Head of a Human that has a specific Shape created by a process using chemical or heat treatment an rollers to hold the hair while drying. This can be but is not necessarily produced in whole or in part by ''CuttingHair''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairdo' in WordNet: 1. (1) hairdo, hairstyle, hair style, coiffure, coif - (the arrangement of the hair (especially a woman's hair)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadHair, :SubstanceInaSpecificShape . :HairDrier :wnsense "hair drier1n" ; :wordnet "hair drier" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hand-held ''Blower'' that blows hot air, used primarily for drying hair as part of the process of hair care. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hair drier' in Wordnet: 1. hand blower, blow dryer, blow drier, hair dryer, hair drier - (a hand-held electric blower that can blow warm air onto the hair; used for styling hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blower, :ElectricalDevice, :HeatingDevice, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlowDrying ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StylingHair ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HotAir ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :heats ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :propels ; owl:someValuesFrom :HotAir ] . :HairLikeSubstance :en "hairlike covering", "hairlike stuff", "hairlike substance" ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Organism ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HairLikeSubstance' is composed of filamentous objects that grow on the exterior of organisms. True Hair (hair from mammals) is a subtype. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FibrousSubstance, :OrganicSubstance . :HairObject :guid "2031be32-9f3c-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d1c3" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Hair-stuff'. Cyc: The collection of the material of which #$Hair-Strands are composed. COSMO NOTE: Cyc did not distinguish between homogeneous objects, substances, and the qualities of such objects, so this category has been assigned to PhysicalObject. This is the collection of all quantities of hair, it is not a substance..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hair ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :HairOnHead :en "hair on head", "head hair" ; :enn "hair on head", "head hair" ; :guid "bd588487-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "head of hair1n", "mane2n" ; :wordnet "head of hair", "mane" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mob of hairs found on the top of a head. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'head of hair' in WordNet: 1. (1) mane, head of hair - (growth of hair covering the scalp of a human being) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MobOfHair-Mammal, :PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface . :HairOnHead-Human :guid "4c8afd34-533c-11d8-9abb-0002b396fafa" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quantity of human head hair. An instance of #$AnimalBodyPartType and a specialization of #$HairOnHead and #$HumanHair-Stuff. Each instance of #$HairOnHead-Human is a #$MobOfHair-Mammal found on an instance of #$HomoSapiens.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairOnHead, :HumanHairObject . :HairPin :wnsense "hairpin1n" ; :wordnet "hairpin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pin that is curved around in a roughly elongated 'U' shape (in contrast to a StraightPin). @ToDo: The Action ''ShapingHair' could have more subtypes to make this more specific. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairpin' in Wordnet: 1. hairpin - (a double pronged pin used to hold women's hair in place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurvedObject, :Fastener, :Pin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapingHair ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :HairRibbon :en "hair ribbon" ; :enn "hair ribbon" ; :guid "be01e2da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "riband1n", "ribband1n" ; :wordnet "riband", "ribband" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'riband' (for decorating hair) in WordNet: 1. riband, ribband - (a ribbon used as a decoration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, :HairAccessory, :Ribbon . :HairRoller :wnsense "curler1n", "hair curler1n", "roller5n" ; :wordnet "curler", "hair curler", "roller" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any kind of cylindrical object used to help create curls in (usually human) hair in a 'CurlingEvent''. A curling iron that applies heat is not itself an instance, though it may be used together with a''HairRoller''. RHW noun 5. a hollow, cylindrical object of plastic, stiff net, or the like, upon which hair is rolled up for setting. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'roller' in WordNet: 5. curler, hair curler, roller, crimper - (a mechanical device consisting of a cylindrical tube around which the hair is wound to curl it; 'a woman with her head full of curlers is not a pretty sight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :Tube, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurlingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tube ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :HairSalon :en "HairSalon" ; :enn "HairSalon" ; :guid "bd58fec4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HairSalon'' is a ''BeautyParlor'' that emphasizes the service of ''Stylinghair'' although other forms beautifying service may be performed there. CYC A localized (one site) commercial organization that performs hair-cutting/styling. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeautyParlor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StylingHair ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :HairSplitting :en "split hairs" ; :eng "splitting hairs" ; :wnsense "hairsplitting1n" ; :wordnet "hairsplitting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HairSplitting'' is a ''Resolving'' Action by a Person in which two similar entities are distinguished as belonging in different categories by considering minor differences as significant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairsplitting' in WordNet: 1. hairsplitting, word-splitting - (making too fine distinctions of little importance; 'they didn't take his hairsplitting seriously') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resolving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :uses ; owl:someValuesFrom :Detail ] . :HairSpray :guid "c1009c8c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hair spray1n" ; :wordnet "hair spray" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :ProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the *substance* contained in a bottle of 'hair spray'. The object would be a subtype of ''ContainerAndContents'' but is not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hair spray' in WordNet: 1. hair spray - (toiletry consisting of a commercial preparation that is sprayed on the hair to hold it in place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :Mixture, :ToiletrySubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StylingHair ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Hairdresser :CYC "HairStylist-Professional" ; :guid "bd589d44-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hairdresser1n", "hairstylist1n", "styler1n", "stylist2n" ; :wordnet "hairdresser", "hairstylist", "styler", "stylist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who cuts and/or arranges the HeadHair of clients to make their appearance more pleasing (to someone). NOTE: the CYC gloss suggests that this includes a 'barber' who cuts hair but doesn't do the hair 'styling' of women. This type itself includes cutting hair, but only as part of a 'styling' Action. A men's ''Barber'' is a subtype. CYC: 'HairStylist-Professional': Any professional that cuts human hair for profession. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairdresser' in Wordnet: 1. hairdresser, hairstylist, stylist, styler - (someone who cuts or beautifies hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :TradeWorker . :Hairless :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :LackingHair ; :isTheOppositeOf :Hairy ; :wnsense "hairless1adj" ; :wordnet "hairless" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of an Animal that has no hair, or so little (relative to the norm) that it is considered 'hairless' (for lack of head hair use the subtype ''Bald''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hairless' in WordNet: 1. (1) hairless - (having no hair or fur; 'a Mexican Hairless is about the size of a fox terrier and hairless except for a tufts on the head and tail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :HairlikeFiber :en "hairlike fiber" ; :enn "hairlike fiber" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An individual 'Fiber' (strand) of an exterior filamentous material (''HairlikeSubstance'') grown on some Organism; the subtype ''Hair-Strand'' is the type of 'hair' that grows on mammals. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiber, :LongAndThinThing, :OrganismPart, :Protrusion, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairLikeSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :HairpinTurn :en "hairpin curve" ; :wnsense "hairpin bend1n" ; :wordnet "hairpin bend" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HairpinTurn'' is used for a 'CurveInaRoad'' that is ''SharplyCurved'', i.e. it has a smaller radius of curvature that average and causes high G forces that could cause a vehicle to overturnif navigated at a high rate of speed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hairpin bend' in WordNet: 1. hairpin bend - (a U-shaped bend in a road) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurveInaRoad, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharplyCurved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hairy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :HairlikeFiber ; :isTheOppositeOf :Hairless ; :ldoce "hairy" ; :wnsense "haired1adj", "hairy1adj", "hirsute1adj" ; :wordnet "haired", "hairy", "hirsute" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Hairy' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of an Organism Animal - or organism part, that either (1) has a higher density of 'HairLikeSubstance' than the usual for organisms of that type or organism parts of that type, or (2) has more 'HairLikeSubstance' than a related organism, and is called 'hairy' to contrast the types. True Hair is only found on mammals, but this attribute will apply to any organism with lots of stuff that looks like hair (a ''HairLikeSubstance''), such as a ''Tarantula''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hairy' in WordNet: 1. (2) hairy, haired, hirsute - (having or covered with hair; 'Jacob was a hairy man'; 'a hairy caterpillar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unshaven . :Haiti :wnsense "Haiti1n" ; :wordnet "Haiti" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Haiti' in WordNet: 1. Haiti, Republic of Haiti - (a republic in the West Indies on the western part of the island of Hispaniola; achieved independence from France in 1804; the poorest and most illiterate nation in the western hemisphere) """ . :Haitian :pertainsTo :Haiti, :HaitianPerson ; :wnsense "Haitian1adj" ; :wordnet "Haitian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Haitian' in Wordnet: 1. Haitian - (of or relating to or characteristic of the republic of Haiti or its people; 'Haitian shantytowns') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :HaitianPerson :wnsense "Haitian1n" ; :wordnet "Haitian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Haitian' in WordNet: 1. Haitian - (a native or inhabitant of Haiti) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality . :Hajj :CYC "Hajj-Pilgrimage" ; :guid "5ff04032-4abb-11d8-9e77-0002b396fafa" ; :wnsense "hadj1n", "haj1n", "hajj1n" ; :wordnet "hadj", "haj", "hajj" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Hajj-Pilgrimage': An instance of #$AnnualTemporalObjectType. Each instance of #$Hajj-Pilgrimage is a traditional #$Pilgrimage by #$MuslimPersons to #$CityOfMeccaSaudiArabia, culminating in special ceremonies during the 8th through 12th days of #$DhuAlHijjah-IslamicMonth. Note that this is the collective, overarching Hajj event: there is exactly one instance of #$Hajj-Pilgrimage each #$IslamicYear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hajj' in WordNet: 1. hajj, haj, hadj - (the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah; at least once in a lifetime a Muslim is expected to make a religious journey to Mecca and the Kaaba; 'for a Muslim the hajj is the ultimate act of worship') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pilgrimage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hajji ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mecca ; owl:onProperty :hasDestination ] . :Hajji :wnsense "hadji1n", "haji1n", "hajji2n" ; :wordnet "hadji", "haji", "hajji" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hajji' in WordNet: 2. hajji, hadji, haji - (an Arabic term of respect for someone who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MuslimPerson, :Pilgrim, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hajj ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Half a :RationalNumber, :Synonym . :HalfBaked :en "nuty" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Plan ; :isTheOppositeOf :Rational ; :wnsense "crazy2adj", "half-baked1adj", "harebrained1adj", "insane2adj", "mad4adj", "screwball1adj", "screwball1n1adj", "softheaded1adj" ; :wordnet "crazy", "half-baked", "harebrained", "insane", "mad", "screwball", "softheaded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HalfBaked'' is a more intense form of 'Unreasonable', an AttributeValue modifying beliefs, indicating that those beliefs not only are internally inconsistent or inconsistent with accepted facts, but are obviously so. This is used mostly to characterize plans that have little or no chance of succeeding. Of plans: idea = scheme, plan or theory crazy, nuttyIdea = add irrational for theories lunatic for plans poorly thought out and impossible to execute (of a plan) or (of a theory) RHW 'nutty' 3a. (slang) silly or ridiculous: a nutty suggestion. WN 'crazy' 2. (2) crazy, half-baked, screwball, softheaded - (foolish; totally unsound; 'a crazy scheme'; 'half-baked ideas'; 'a screwball proposal without a prayer of working') WN 'insane' 2. (1) harebrained, insane, mad - (very foolish; 'harebrained ideas'; 'took insane risks behind the wheel'; 'a completely mad scheme to build a bridge between two mountains') NOTE that WN 'nutty' does not apply to plans or ideas. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'half-baked' in WordNet: 1. crazy, half-baked, screwball, softheaded - (foolish; totally unsound; 'a crazy scheme'; 'half-baked ideas'; 'a screwball proposal without a prayer of working') WN adj 'harebrained': 1. harebrained, insane, mad - (very foolish; 'harebrained ideas'; 'took insane risks behind the wheel'; 'a completely mad scheme to build a bridge between two mountains') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unreasonable . :HalfHour :en "half an hour" ; :enn "half an hour" ; :hasQuantifier :N_30 ; :hasUnit :minutes ; :wnsense "30 minutes1n", "half-hour1n" ; :wordnet "30 minutes", "half-hour" ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of ne-half hour, equal to thirty minutes.. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time that is a specific 'Hour'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'half-hour' in WordNet: 1. (6) half-hour, 30 minutes - (a half of an hour) """ . :HalfPast :en "half past", "half-past" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''HalfPast'' is a time of day that is 'half past' some clock hour, i.e. midway between two clock hours.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTimePoint . :Halftime :wnsense "halftime1n" ; :wordnet "halftime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halftime' in WordNet: 1. (1) halftime - (an intermission between the first and second half of a game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intermission, :MeasurableTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GameEvent ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :Halfway :pertainsTo :CenterPart, :MiddleOfAnEvent, :MiddleOfAnObject, :MiddleOfaRegion, :MiddleOfaTimeInterval ; :wnsense "center1adj", "halfway1adj", "halfway2adj", "middle2adj", "midway1adj" ; :wordnet "center", "halfway", "middle", "midway" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Halfway' is an AttributeValue of a something (concrete abstract) that has an extension greater than its width (if indeed it has a width) such that the thing characterized is not closer to the end than it is to the beginning.. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'halfway' in WordNet: 1. (4) center, halfway, middle, midway - (equally distant from the extremes) 2. (1) halfway - (at a point midway between two extremes; 'at the halfway mark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Halibut :guid "c068dec1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "halibut2n", "holibut1n" ; :wordnet "halibut", "holibut" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'halibut' in WordNet: 2. halibut, holibut - (marine food fish of the northern Atlantic or northern Pacific; the largest flatfish and one of the largest teleost fishes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flatfish . :Halide :hasComponentSubstance :Halogen ; :wnsense "halide1n" ; :wordnet "halide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Any ''ChemicallyDefinedSubstance'' having a halogen atom in ionic form or singly bonded to another atom. Includes noun sense 1 of 'halide' in Wordnet: 1. halide - (a salt of any halogen acid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Halogen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Halite :hasMainComponentSubstance :SodiumChloride ; :wnsense "halite1n", "rock salt1n" ; :wordnet "halite", "rock salt" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halite' in WordNet: 1. halite, rock salt - (naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :Halitosis :en "bad breath", "halitosis" ; :enn "bad breath", "halitosis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Halitosis is the ''PhysiologicalCondition'' of exhaling ''BadBreath'' (in WN a ''Halitosis'') for more than a brief time interval. The condition called 'halitosis' is not in WN. In RHW: a condition of having offensive-smelling breath; bad breath. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmittingaBadBreath ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmittingaBadBreath ; owl:onProperty :hasRepeatedEntity ] . :Halitus :wnsense "exhalation1n", "halitus1n" ; :wordnet "exhalation", "halitus" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The quantity of air (the air itself, a PhysicalObject)inhaled or exhaled in one Inhaling or Exhaling event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halitus' in WordNet: 1. halitus, exhalation - (exhaled breath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Breath, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exhaling ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Hall :guid "bd58d0a9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hall" ; :wnsense "assembly hall1n", "hall3n" ; :wordnet "assembly hall", "hall" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large room for gatherings of people, having fixed seats or is commonly used to have seated audiences. Similar to ''Auditorium'' except for how it is referred to by most people. In a school building or church complex this kind of ''Hall'' would usually be called an''Auditorium''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hall' and sene 1 of 'assembly hall' in WordNet: 3. (6) hall - (a large room for gatherings or entertainment; 'lecture hall'; 'pool hall') WN noun 'assembly hall': 1. assembly hall - (a hall where many people can congregate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, :SeatedAssemblyConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublicAssembly ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ] . :Hallelujah :wnsense "hallelujah1n" ; :wordnet "hallelujah" ; a :ActionType, :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hallelujah'' is the act of shouting or singing the word ''Hallelujah'' or a phrase or song containing the word. 'Singing hallelujahs at ninety decibels' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hallelujah' in WordNet: 1. (1) hallelujah - (a shout or song of praise to God) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PraisingGod . :Hallmark :wnsense "earmark2n", "hallmark1n", "stylemark1n", "trademark1n" ; :wordnet "earmark", "hallmark", "stylemark", "trademark" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hallmark'' is a distinctive ''Characteristic'' of products or Actions identified with People or Organizations. NOTE: 'stylemark' is not in RHW. use it as label anyway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hallmark' in WordNet: 1. (2) hallmark, trademark, earmark, stylemark - (a distinctive characteristic or attribute) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Characteristic . :Halloo :en "halloo" ; :hasComponentElement :WORD_Halloo ; :hasStringRepresentation "Variant of 'hello'." ; :wasAuthoredBy :UnidentifiedAuthor1 ; a :GreetingPhrase . :Hallucinating :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :HallucinationState ; :wnsense "delirious1adj", "hallucinating1adj" ; :wordnet "delirious", "hallucinating" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hallucinating'' is an attribute of someone who is seeing things that are not there. NOTE: there is a type of 'delirium' caused by illness, such as fever, that might be distinguished with a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hallucinating' in WordNet: 1. delirious, hallucinating - (experiencing delirium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Hallucination :wnsense "hallucination3n" ; :wordnet "hallucination" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hallucination'' is an ''Object'' of any kind that is believed to have been seen by a person experiencing a ''Hallucination''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hallucination' in WordNet: 3. hallucination - (an object perceived during a hallucinatory episode; 'he refused to believe that the angel was a hallucination') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imaginary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HallucinationState ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :HallucinationState :wnsense "hallucinate1v", "hallucination1n" ; :wordnet "hallucinate", "hallucination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HallucinationState'' is a ''Delusion'' in which the subject believe that s/he is seeing or has seen something that did not in fact exist at the tie and place where the subject believes it did. The thing belieed to have been seen is called a ''Hallucination''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hallucination' in WordNet: 1. (1) hallucination - (illusory perception; a common symptom of severe mental disorder) WN verb 'hallucinate': 1. hallucinate - (perceive what is not there; have illusions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Irrational ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erroneous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hallucination ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hallucinating ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Hallucinogen :guid "beb5d162-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hallucinogen1n", "hallucinogenic drug1n", "psychedelic drug1n", "psychodelic drug1n" ; :wordnet "hallucinogen", "hallucinogenic drug", "psychedelic drug", "psychodelic drug" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of substances that can cause hallucinations. Also known as 'psychedelic drugs'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'hallucinogen' in WordNet: 1. hallucinogen, hallucinogenic drug, psychedelic drug, psychodelic drug - (a psychoactive drug that induces hallucinations or altered sensory experiences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychoactiveAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HallucinationState ; owl:onProperty :induces ] . :Hallway :guid "bd589eb8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "corridor1n", "hallway1n" ; :wordnet "corridor", "hallway" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hallways in instances of #$ShelterConstruction. RHW 'corridor' : 1. a gallery or passage connecting parts of a building; hallway. A ''Hallway'' should have walls on both sides or at least one. Otherwise it might be an ''Aisle''. NOTE: an interior 'corridor' is usually used for long hallways in a large building, such as a school or office building. That distinction if needed can be made by adding a subtype of ''Corridor''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'hallway' and sense 1 of 'corridor' in Wordnet: 1. (5) hallway, hall - (an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open; 'the elevators were at the end of the hall') WN noun 'corridor': 1. (9) corridor - (an enclosed passageway; rooms usually open onto it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Passageway, :SpaceInAHOC, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wall ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Halo :wnsense "aura2n", "aureole2n", "gloriole1n", "glory3n", "halo1n", "nimbus2n" ; :wordnet "aura", "aureole", "gloriole", "glory", "halo", "nimbus" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Halo'' is an area of ''Brightness'' in a view or image shaped like a torus (a ring of light) and located just above the head of a Person, and about the width of the head of that Person, indicating that the Person thus represented is 'Saintly' or ''Holy'', in the opinion of the Person creating that image. A similar object appearing above a live Person would be a miracle or perhaps a magician's trick, if not an optical illusion. The diameter is about the size of the head of the Person having the ''Halo'', but how large it is in an image depends on the scale of the image - not clear how to represent such scaled object sizes at this point. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halo' in WordNet: 1. (4) aura, aureole, halo, nimbus, glory, gloriole - (an indication of radiant light drawn around the head of a saint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrightPartOfAnImage, :Brightness, :Sign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torus ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saintliness ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saintliness ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyAbove ] . :Halogen :wnsense "halogen1n" ; :wordnet "halogen" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Halogen'' is any element categorized within the 'halogen' series of elements, occupying column 17 (or 7A or VIIA) in the periodic table of elements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halogen' in WordNet: 1. (4) halogen - (any of five related nonmetallic elements (fluorine or chlorine or bromine or iodine or astatine) that are all monovalent and readily form negative ions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement . :HaltingEvent :ldoce "stop" ; :wnsense "halt2v", "stop1v" ; :wordnet "halt", "stop" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HaltingEvent' is an Event in which some Object in motion ceases to move and comes to a rest in some position. This is a subtype of Motion because the phase in which the object decelerates to a halt is included in the Event. The Motion that halts can be of any kind - translation, rotation, vibration. This includes the transitive sense of 'cause to halt' as in stopping a car. NOTE that 'stop a car' means stop the motion of the car. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 and noun sense 1 of 'halt' in WordNet: WN verb 'halt' 2. (7) stop, halt - (come to a halt, stop moving; 'the car stopped'; 'She stopped in front of a store window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, :StoppingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Motion ] . :HaltingGradually :en "bringing to a halt", "coming to a halt", "halting gradually", "stopping gradually" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HaltingGradually'' is a ''HaltingEvent'' in which some moving object comes to a stop (relative to the surface relative to which it was moving), in a gradual rather than abrupt manner. There may be borderline cases where 'gradually' is not so different from 'abrupt' but this Action should be perceptibly gradual, i.e. should take more than 15 seconds, and not cause by interruption by the actions of external forces (other than gravity or other natural physical forces). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HaltingEvent . :HalvingSomething :en "divide into two parts", "dividing in two", "splitting in two" ; :wnsense "halve1v" ; :wordnet "halve" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HalvingSomething'' is an Action in which something (solid or liquid, including quantities of materials in powder or granular form as well as rigid solids) is divided into two approximately equal parts. 'The two of you can halve your cake and eat it.' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'halve' and part of verb sense 1 of 'split' in WordNet: 1. (6) halve - (divide by two; divide into halves; 'Halve the cake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DividingSomethingIntoParts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Part ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Halyard :guid "c1008736-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "halliard1n", "halyard1n" ; :wordnet "halliard", "halyard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Halyard'' is a ''RopeOrCable'' that is supported by some part of a ''Flagpole'' or Spar and is used to directly support a ''Flag'' or Sail so that If a Flag) it can be raised and lowered from the ground., or (if a ''Spar'' or ''Sail'') it can be moved into the position where it can help propel the ship. CYC: A rope or tackle for hoisting and lowering something (as sails). (see ''Rigging'' - this is the general type. RHW: any of various lines or tackles for hoisting a spar, sail, flag, etc., into position for use. NOTE: the restrictions are for Halyards on a Flagpole - for those on Ships, a subtype is needed or the restrictions should be changed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'halyard' in WordNet: 1. halyard, halliard - (a rope for raising or lowering a sail or flag) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RopeOrCable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flagpole ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flag ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoistingaFlag ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Ham :wnsense "ham1n" ; :wordnet "ham" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pork'' that is taken from the thigh of a ''Pig'' (=hog). Corresponds approximately (interpreted as a substance)to noun sense 1 of 'ham' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ham, jambon, gammon - (meat cut from the thigh of a hog (usually smoked)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, :Pork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PigThigh ; owl:onProperty :isTheMeatOf ] . :Hamburger :guid "bd58dee6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beefburger1n", "burger2n", "hamburger1n" ; :wordnet "beefburger", "burger", "hamburger" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'HamburgerSandwich': A type of #$Sandwich consisting of a fried or broiled ground beef patty on a bun or roll. Named, for some reason, after the #$CityOfHamburgGermany, hamburgers were probably first eaten in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hamburger' in WordNet: 1. hamburger, beefburger, burger - (a sandwich consisting of a fried cake of minced beef served on a bun, often with other ingredients) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sandwich, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroundBeefPatty ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :HamletPrinceOfDenmark :hasMassInGrams "70000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaFiction, :Dead ; a :Person . :HamletVillage :wnsense "hamlet3n", "village2n" ; :wordnet "hamlet", "village" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HamletVillage'' is a ''Village'' that is small (even for a ''Village'', which is small for a ''Town''). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hamlet' in WordNet: 3. village, hamlet - (a settlement smaller than a town) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Village . :HamletinHamlet :isaDramaticRoleOf :ShakespearesHamlet ; a :DramaticRole ; rdfs:comment """'HamletinHamlet' is the role of 'Hamlet' in Shakespeare's play 'Hamlet'. NOTE that this is a bare minimum without specifing the place or time of the performance. Those can also be represented as different instances of ''DramaticRole'', with additional detail. """ . :Hammer :guid "bd58d202-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hammer" ; :wnsense "hammer2n" ; :wordnet "hammer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hand tool used for pounding and possibly for prying. Comprised of a 'StraightHandle' and a heavy (usually metal) head with at least one blunt end for pounding; the other end of the head may be forked (as in a claw hammer) or wedged for prying, or rounded as in a ball-and-peen hammer. This includes as a subtype the heavier ''Sledgehammer'', which is blunt at both ends and used for pounding objects like stakes into the ground, or for other 'pounding' actions that need more force than a typical carpenter's hammer. *NOTE* that this type of 'Hammer' is prototypical, and must have a 'StraightHandle'. SUMO: A Device that is used to pound Nails into a surface, where they become firmly attached. COSMO note: this Type is for the traditional hand-powered hammer, no powered devices or jack-hammers are included (a powered nail driver is not a hammer). Hammers that have functions other than to pound nails, such as lump hammers, are included, as long as they have a head and a straight handle. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hammer' in WordNet: 2. (2) hammer - (a hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle; used to deliver an impulsive force by striking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarpentryTool, :HandTool, :SimpleTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HammeringANail ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hammerhead ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Hammerhead :wnsense "hammerhead2n" ; :wordnet "hammerhead" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Hammerhead'' includes the heads of clawed hammers, ball-and-peen hammers, and 'Sledgehammer''s., Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hammerhead' in WordNet: 2. hammerhead - (the striking part of a hammer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrikingPartOfTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hammer ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :HammeringANail :guid "bd588f3d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hammer1v" ; :wordnet "hammer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which someone uses a #$Hammer to drive a #$Nail into another object. Frequently this is a subevent of #$Nailing one object to another. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hammer' in WordNet: 1. (4) hammer - (beat with or as if with a hammer; 'hammer the metal flat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HammeringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nail ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ] . :HammeringSomething :wnsense "hammer1v" ; :wordnet "hammer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hammer' in WordNet: 1. (4) hammer - (beat with or as if with a hammer; 'hammer the metal flat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrikingAnObjectWithaTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hammer ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :Hammock :wnsense "hammock2n" ; :wordnet "hammock" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bed'' that is a flexible sheet-like object that can be rolled up and transported, and is suspended at both ends from some vertical support (tree, pole, wall, post). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hammock' in Wordnet: 2. hammock, sack - (a hanging bed of canvas or rope netting (usually suspended between two trees); swings easily) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bed, :PortableObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingObject ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeSuspendedFrom ] . :Hamper :wnsense "hamper2n" ; :wordnet "hamper" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hamper' in WordNet: 2. hamper - (a basket usually with a cover) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Basket, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainerLid ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Hamster :guid "bd589790-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hamster1n" ; :wordnet "hamster" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hamster' in WordNet: 1. hamster - (short-tailed Old World burrowing rodent with large cheek pouches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticPet, :Rodent . :Hamstrings :en "Hamstrings" ; :enn "Hamstrings" ; :guid "bd58ddb4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hamstring tendon1n", "hamstring1n" ; :wordnet "hamstring", "hamstring tendon" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Muscle which runs along the back of the thigh. Actually, it's tendon.! rare CYC mistake RHW: 1. (in humans and other primates) any of the tendons that bound the ham of the knee. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hamstrings' in WordNet: 1. hamstring, hamstring tendon - (one of the tendons at the back of the knee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tendon . :Hand :guid "bd588655-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hand" ; :wnsense "hand1n", "manus1n", "mitt1n", "paw2n" ; :wordnet "hand", "manus", "mitt", "paw" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HolderGripper and #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$HolderGripper is a terminal part of a vertebrate forelimb that is structurally suited to function as a grasping organ (as in people, newts, etc.). Every 'Hand' has (typically) some fingers. SUMO: The grasping, fingered part of an upper limb of a Primate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hand' in WordNet; note that WN 'paw' here is colloquial and metaphorical, *not* an animal paw that cannot grip: 1. (216) hand, manus, mitt, paw - (the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb; 'he had the hands of a surgeon'; 'he extended his mitt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :HolderGripper, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finger ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ] . :Hand-Me-Down :wnsense "hand-me-down1n" ; :wordnet "hand-me-down" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not necessarily 'outgrown' but 'previously owned', usually by a family member (older close relative), and given to the new user for free.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hand-we-down' in WordNet: 1. hand-me-down - (outgrown garment passed down from one person to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garment, :UsedArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CostFree ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hand-RenderedImage a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject containing an image that was created by an Agent that applied materials (or chiseled away solid sustrate) by hand. This does not include images created on a computer, even if they were created by freehand drawing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :SolidObject, :StillImage, :TwoDimensionalArtObject . :HandBone :guid "bdd1cf24-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmBone . :HandClap :wnsense "clap3n" ; :wordnet "clap" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HandClap'' is a ''Noise'' that is sudden and (usually) loud and of short duration, made by the intentional act of two hands (of the same person) striking each other. This is commonly the unit subevent of a ''ClappingSound'' but a single clap may be used for various purposes, such as to draw attention,to scare away an animal, or (with some modern electronic applicancess) to turn on or off a Device. (e.g. a lamp). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clap' in WordNet: 3. clack, clap - (a sharp abrupt noise as if two objects hit together; may be repeated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothHands ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :HandCraft :wnsense "handcraft1n", "handicraft1n", "handiwork1n", "handwork1n" ; :wordnet "handcraft", "handicraft", "handiwork", "handwork" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HandCraft'' is any piece of ''ManufacturedGoods'' that is made by hand, i.e. is produced by a ''ManufacturingByHand'' Action. This is not necessarily a ''HomeMade'' object, as it can be made in a large manufaturing facility that employs many workers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handcraft' in WordNet: 1. handicraft, handcraft, handiwork, handwork - (a work produced by hand labor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :ProductObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandCrafting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :HandCrafting :en "hand manufacture", "make by hand", "making by hand", "manufacturing by hand" ; :eng "handcrafting", "making by hand" ; :enn "hand manufacture", "manufacturing by hand" ; :env "make by hand" ; :wnsense "handcraft1v" ; :wordnet "handcraft" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HandCrafting'' is a ''Manufacturing'' in which a ''HandCraft'' (a''ProductObject'') made for sale is produced largely by manipulating the object and its components and starting materials with the hands. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'handcraft' in WordNet: 1. handcraft - (make something by hand; 'We handcraft all our paper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingAnObject, :Manufacturing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :HandCraft ] . :HandGrenade :guid "c10af8ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hand grenade1n" ; :wordnet "hand grenade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$ConventionalWeapon. Each instance of #$HandGrenade is a grenade (i.e., a small explosive device) designed to be thrown by its user, as opposed to being projected by a grenade launcher. Cf. #$RifleGrenade. SUMO: A hand grenade is a small explosive device with a simple trigger mechanism, usually lasting a few seconds, designed to be propelled by a human to its target. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hand grenade' in WordNet: 1. (2) hand grenade - (a grenade designed to be thrown by hand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bomb, :MilitaryWeapon, :ProjectileWeapon, :SmallArm-Weapon, :SmallObject . :HandHeld :isAnAttributeValueOf :SmallObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :HoldingWithHand ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :HoldingWithHand ; :wnsense "hand-held1adj", "handheld1adj" ; :wordnet "hand-held", "handheld" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HandHeld'' is the attribute that characterizes a ''SmallObject'' that can be held in the hands), or a Device designed to be held in the hand(s). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'handheld' in Wordnet: 1. hand-held, handheld - (small and light enough to be operated while you hold it in your hands; 'a hand-held computer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HandHeldObject :en "hand-held object" ; :enn "hand-held object" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HandHeldObject'' is a general type used for any Device intended to be held in one hand when in use. It does not necessarily have a ''Handle''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandHeld ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HandMade :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :HandCrafting ; :wnsense "hand-crafted1adj", "handmade1adj" ; :wordnet "hand-crafted", "handmade" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'handmade' in Wordnet: 1. (2) handmade, hand-crafted - (made by hand or a hand process; 'delicate handmade baby dresses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :HandPuppet :wnsense "puppet3n" ; :wordnet "puppet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes the marionette and the hand puppet,which can and should be differentiated with subtypes. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'puppet' in WordNet: 1. (1) puppet, marionette - (a small figure of a person operated from above with strings by a puppeteer) 3. puppet - (a doll with a hollow head of a person or animal and a cloth body; intended to fit over the hand and be manipulated with the fingers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Puppet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ] . :HandRail :guid "bd58ec7d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rail4n" ; :wordnet "rail" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Handrail'' is a ''Bar'' that is the part of a ''Railing'' that functions either to allow a Person to grasp it so as to provide stability while ascending or descending a staircase or sloped walkway, or when at the edge of a platform (such as a balcony) or of a slope adjacent to a walking surface, (as at an overlook on a hill) to provide stability while a Person stands and looks at the area beyond the ''Handrail''. A ''Handrail'' is usually supported by an aligned row of vertical ''Baluster''s, but may (as in a staircase) be fastened to a wall withuot supporting ''Baluster''s CYC: A rail that one holds onto for support. NOTe that WN 'handrail seems to conflate the Balustrade and the horizontal ''Rail'' with the whole object consisting of those parts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bar, :Handle, :ManufacturedGoods, :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Railing ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingWithHand ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :supportsPartly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MostlyHorizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HandSaw :wnsense "carpenter's saw1n", "hand saw1n", "handsaw1n" ; :wordnet "carpenter's saw", "hand saw", "handsaw" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HandSaw'' is a ''Saw'' that is operated by one or two hands; if tw hands,those are usually hand of tw different people, as when lmberjacks used a two-man saw to saw a large tree. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'hand saw' in WordNet: 1. handsaw, hand saw, carpenter's saw - (a saw used with one hand for cutting wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Saw, :SelfPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SawingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :HandShape a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HandShape'' is a ''SignLanguageGesture'' that uses both hands and is a sign used in sign language.. RHW 'handshape': (in sign language) the held position of the hand and fingers in producing a particular sign. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SignLanguageGesture, :SignLanguageSign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothHands ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HandSizedObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HandSizedObject'' is a ''SmallObject'' that can be easily grasped with two fingers and is not much larger than a person's hand; it has a maximum diameter of 6 inches and a minimum diameter of 4 mm. For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "15"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.4"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :HandTool :guid "bd58a0fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hand tool1n" ; :wordnet "hand tool" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Tool and #$PortableObject. Each instance of #$HandTool is a portable tool which is hand-guided throughout its operation. Specializations of #$HandTool include the collections #$Screwdriver, #$ManualDrill, and #$BlowDryer. Note that this is a broad sense of 'tool' that includes ''HandWritingImplement''s such as pencils, pens, and chalks. NOTE: we restrict 'HandTool' to those that can be typically lifted in **one** hand, though it ma be more convenient to use it holding it in both hands (as wih a ''Broom''). Thus a jackhammer, *REQUIRING* two hands to manipulate, will not be a subtype. Most HandTool's have a handle, but some (e.g. a small sandpaper holder) do not - they are small enough to manipulate in one hand without a separate handle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hand tool' in WordNet: 1. (2) hand tool - (a tool used with workers' hands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :HandHeldObject, :PoweredDevice, :Tool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Handle ] . :HandWritingImplement :en "hand writing implement" ; :guid "bd58ffe6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "writing implement1n" ; :wordnet "writing implement" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a 'StraightObject' and therefore a feather used as a pen is a marginal instance. Cyc: #$WritingImplement is a specialization of #$StationeryProduct and #$HandTool. Each instance of #$WritingImplement is a hand-held tool which is intended to be primarily used, by a person, for writing. Specializations include the collections #$Chalk-WritingImplement and #$WritingPen (but not #$Typewriter). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'writing implement' in Wordnet: 1. writing implement - (an implement that is used to write) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :HandTool, :Shaft, :StationeryProduct, :WritingDevice . :HandWritten :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :WritingByHand ; :wnsense "handwritten1adj" ; :wordnet "handwritten" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of any text in any language with a writing system, on any surface that has been written by making marks on a surface using the hand, usually by manually applying a writing instrument to the surface. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'handwritten' in WordNet: 1. (1) handwritten - (written by hand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Written . :Handbook :wnsense "handbook1n" ; :wordnet "handbook" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Handbook'' is a one-volume ReferenceWork containing factual information about some topic, often in formatted form with data tables, or well-indexed and organized text. Disjoint with ''Textbook'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handbook' in WordNet: 1. handbook, enchiridion, vade mecum - (a concise reference book providing specific information about a subject or location) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReferenceWork . :Handcuff :en "handcuffs" ; :wnsense "cuff2n", "handcuff1n", "handlock1n", "manacle1n" ; :wordnet "cuff", "handcuff", "handlock", "manacle" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Handcuff'' (or 'handcuffs') is a ''ShackleBond'' designed to be fastened to both hands (usually at the wrist) to hold them together, and keep the Person thus shacked from using the hands,making control of the Person easier. This type includes the modern plastic 'handcuffs' used by police. Those might be subtypes? Can one handcuff a one-armed Person?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handcuff' in WordNet: 1. handcuff, cuff, handlock, manacle - (shackle that consists of a metal loop that can be locked around the wrist; usually used in pairs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShackleBond, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothHands ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Handful :isTheQuantityThatWillFillA :CuppedHand ; :wnsense "fistful1n", "handful2n" ; :wordnet "fistful", "handful" ; a :ContainerFull ; rdfs:comment """A 'Handful' is an informal approximate measure, being the quantity that will fill one ''hand''.. obviously, this will vary with the size of the hand, but should be in the range of 20 to 100 ml. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'handful' in WordNet: 2. (4) handful, fistful - (the quantity that can be held in the hand) """ . :Handgun :guid "c10097c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "handgun1n", "pistol1n" ; :wordnet "handgun", "pistol" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Gun-Portable. Each instance of #$Handgun is a firearm designed to be held and fired with one hand. NOTE: this is for a modern handgun that uses a ''BulletAssembly'', and does not include an antique ball-firing muzzle-loading pistol. This is the only sense in WordNet for 'pistol' and 'handgun': in WordNet: 1. pistol, handgun, side arm, shooting iron; 'side arm' is more general, nicluding swords, and represented by the parent ''Sidearm''. - (a firearm that is held and fired with one hand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Firearm, :Sidearm, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullet ; owl:onProperty :propels ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BulletAssembly ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :HandicappedPerson :wnsense "handicapped person1n" ; :wordnet "handicapped person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HandicappedPerson'' .is someone who has some form of 'handicap' which could be physical or mental. There will be a number of major subtypes.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handicapped person' in WordNet: 1. handicapped person - (a person who has some condition that markedly restricts their ability to function physically or mentally or socially) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disabled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :FitPerson . :Handicraft :wnsense "handicraft2n" ; :wordnet "handicraft" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Handicraft is a ''SkilledTrade'' that requires working carefully with the hands. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'handicraft' in WordNet: 2. handicraft - (a craft that requires skillful hands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkilledTrade . :Handkerchief :guid "bd588ff3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "handkerchief1n", "hankie1n", "hanky1n" ; :wordnet "handkerchief", "hankie", "hanky" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small piece of cloth used for personal purposes like blowing the nose or as an accessory on attire. @ToDo: paper hanky?? FacialTissue? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handkerchief' in Wordnet: 1. (6) handkerchief, hankie, hanky, hankey - (a square piece of cloth used for wiping the eyes or nose or as a costume accessory) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kerchief, :SquareSheet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "50"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Handle :guid "bd58cf50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "handle" ; :wnsense "grip2n", "handgrip1n", "handle1n", "hold8n" ; :wordnet "grip", "handgrip", "handle", "hold" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anything that can be grasped by the hand that enables manipulation of a PhysicalObject. CYC A collection of devices. Each instance of #$Handle is a part (it might be a detachable part, it might be a specially shaped region of a thing) of another object, of which it is the handle. Each instance of #$Handle is a physical device which is designed to be grasped with the human hand in such a way that the grasper can more easily control his or her orientation to the object that the handle is attached to. In most cases, handles are intended to help in manipulating the object, by allowing the user to move the object in a more controlled way than s/he could without the handle. Handles are found on cookware, suitcases, crutches, doors, hand-held and hand-powered tools - in fact, on most artifacts that humans need to manipulate frequently and which are bigger and heavier than a dinner plate or a book. In other, less common cases, handles are provided on objects (a) to facilitate moving oneself around the object (rather than vice versa), e.g., handles on a pommel horse or other exercise equipment, or on a ladder, in a spacecraft, or pounded into a rock face; or (b) for holding oneself stationary with respect to some moving object, e.g., handles inside a subway car. Note that handles are sometimes used to perform other functions, such as hanging one's dry cleaning from the little handle above the rear door of a passenger car. SUMO: The part or parts of an Artifact that are designed to be held with the Hands when the Artifact is used or carried. COSMO note: As a Protrusion, this is a PhysicalFeature, which is a Role. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handle' in WordNet: 1. (5) handle, grip, handgrip, hold - (the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it; 'he grabbed the hammer by the handle'; 'it was an old briefcase but it still had a good grip') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngineeringComponent, :NonPoweredDevice, :PartOfanArtifact, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grasping ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :HandleBar :en "handle bar", "handle bars", "handle-bars", "handlebars" ; :guid "c1009036-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "handlebar1n" ; :wordnet "handlebar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The curved elongated ''Bar'' held and manipulated by the driver of a bicycle or motorbike to steer the Device, especially the handlebar like on a bicycle, motorcycle or snowmobile. The rider steers the device using the handlebars. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handlebar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) handlebar - (the shaped bar used to steer a bicycle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bar, :Device-UserControlled, :Handle, :ManufacturedGoods, :VehicleController, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Bicycle :Motorcycle :TransportationDeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SteeringaRoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :steers ] . :HandleStock :wnsense "stock15n", "stock7n" ; :wordnet "stock" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HandleStock' is a Handle that is the thicker or wider end of a LongHandle on some implement. Usually used to refer to the 'stock' of a Rifle, represented as subtype ''RifleStock''. The two senses of 'stock' included here can probably be differentiated Includes noun senses 7 and 15 of 'stock' in WordNet: 7. (12) stock, gunstock - (the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun or part of the support of a machine gun or artillery gun; 'the rifle had been fitted with a special stock') 15. (1) stock - (the handle end of some implements or tools; 'he grabbed the cue by the stock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongHandle ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongHandle ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :HandlebarMoustache :en "handlebar moustache" ; :wnsense "handle-bars1n", "moustachio1n", "mustachio1n" ; :wordnet "handle-bars", "moustachio", "mustachio" ; a :FacialHairType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Moustache'' that is curved up and down, reminiscent of a ''Handlebar'' on a bicycle or motorcycle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mustachio' in WordNet: 1. mustachio, moustachio, handle-bars - (a large bushy moustache (with hair growing sometimes down the sides of the mouth)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moustache, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HandlingADevice :en "handling a device" ; :enn "handling a device" ; :guid "bd588c5e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HandlingAnObject. Each instance of #$HandlingADevice is an event in which a device is manipulated (with the operator holding and touching the device) so that it can be used for its #$primaryFunction. Specializations of #$HandlingADevice include #$Pruning, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, #$OperatingAHouseholdAppliance, #$PumpingGasEvent, and #$WritingByHand. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :HandlingAnObject . :HandlingAnObject :en "manipulating" ; :guid "bd588ca1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "handle" ; :wnsense "handle4v", "handle5v", "handling2n", "manipulate2v", "manipulation2n", "wield2v" ; :wordnet "handle", "handling", "manipulate", "manipulation", "wield" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'HandlingAnObject'' includes ''HoldingOnToAnObject'' and moving the object held, directly with the hands or through some closely controlled device, such as a remote-control hand,**or** in the case of some animals, seizing it with a claw or the mouth. To pick something up is to be 'HandlingAnObject'. NOTE that ''HoldingAnObject'' is a subEvent of 'HandlingAnObject'' - a 'subEvent' that continues during the 'handling'. Cyc: A collection of events and a specialization of #$ActionOnObject, #$ControllingSomething, #$PhysicalContactEvent, and #$SensoryEvent (qq.v.). Each instance of #$HandlingAnObject is an event in which an object (see #$SomethingExisting) is touched and manipulated by some #$Agent. Specializations of this collection include #$ManipulatingWithFingers and #$HandlingADevice (qq.v.). Corresponds to sense 4 and part of sense 5 of verb 'handle' and verb sense 2 of 'manipulate' in WordNet; the 'wield' part of sense 5 should be a subtype.; sense Senses 4 and 5 in WordNet overlap in that they both include moving an object - but in WordNet that seems to be also the sense of 'manipulate'. in WordNet: 4. (3) handle, palm - (touch, lift, or hold with the hands; 'Don't handle the merchandise') 5. (1) wield, handle - (handle effectively; 'The burglar wielded an axe') WN 'manipulate' 2. (3) manipulate - (hold something in one's hands and move it) WN noun 'handling': 2. (2) handling, manipulation - (the action of touching with the hands (or the skillful use of the hands) or by the use of mechanical means) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnObjectToMove, :HoldingOnToAnObject, :Touching, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :HandsOn :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Person ; :wnsense "hands-on1adj" ; :wordnet "hands-on" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hands-on' in Wordnet: 1. hands-on - (involving active participation; 'he's a hands-on manager'; 'hands-on operations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Involved . :Handwritten :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :WritingByHand ; :wnsense "handwritten1adj" ; :wordnet "handwritten" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of the several categorized styles in which documents may be handwritten, as opposed to printed, engraved, etc. Corresponds to Adjective sense 1 of 'handwritten' in Wordnet: 1. (1) handwritten - (written by hand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :HandwrittenNote :wnsense "jot1n", "jotting1n" ; :wordnet "jot", "jotting" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HandwrittenNote'' is a short ''Note'' produced by a ''WritingByHand''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jotting' in WordNet: 1. jotting, jot - (a brief (and hurriedly handwritten) note) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Note, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JottingDownSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :HandwrittenText :wnsense "handwriting1n" ; :wordnet "handwriting" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any physical text that was created by a WritingByHand Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handwriting' in Wordnet: 1. (2) handwriting, hand, script - (something written by hand; 'she recognized his handwriting'; 'his hand was illegible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handwritten ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Handyman :guid "bd589f3e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "handyman1n", "jack of all trades2n", "odd-job man1n" ; :wordnet "handyman", "jack of all trades", "odd-job man" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handyman' in WordNet: 1. (1) handyman, jack of all trades, odd-job man - (a man skilled in various odd jobs and other small tasks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mender, :TradeWorker . :Hanger :wnsense "hanger2n" ; :wordnet "hanger" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hanger'' is a ''SupportingObject'' which is used in a ''HangingSomething'' Action as the object that support the thing being hung. This can be the type of ''Hook'' that is fastened to a vertical support, such as a ''ClothesHook'', or one that is a v-shaped rigid or semi-rigid object that has a hook-like component at the point of the 'V', which can be used to hold objects and allow them to be suspended from a horizontal ''ClothingRod'' or from a fixed hook. This is a ''SmallObject'' that can be held in one hand. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hanger' in WordNet: 2. hanger - (anything from which something can be hung) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :SmallObject, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Picture ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RigidObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ] . :HangingDownPart a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HangingDownPart'' is part of the BottomPart of a TopAndBottomSidedObject, and is also a ''Protrusion'', hanging down from the remainder of the object of which it is a part. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientedPart, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :BottomPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HangingFromSomething ; owl:onProperty :wasTheMainParticipantIn ] . :HangingFromSomething :ldoce "hang" ; :wnsense "hang1v" ; :wordnet "hang" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some object is hanging *from* another PhysicaObject, and is being supported by that other PhysicalObject. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hang' in WordNet: 1. (35) hang - (be suspended or hanging; 'The flag hung on the wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingSupported . :HangingFromaCeiling :en "hanging from a ceiling" ; :enn "hanging from a ceiling" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HangingFromaCeiling'' is a ''HangingFromSomething'' in which the 'something' is a ''Ceiling''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HangingFromSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ceiling ; owl:onProperty :hasSupportingThing ] . :HangingOutWithFriends :wnsense "hang out1v" ; :wordnet "hang out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''HangingOutWithFriends'' is an 'AssociatingWithOtherPeople' in which two or more ''Person''s come together primarily to enjoy each other's company. This may be done in any location, and may be done at the same time as anything else - going to a movie ,bowling, strolling through the park, sitting in a bar or restaurant, watching TV at home - but is characterized by the primary source of pleasure deriving from the presence of the ''Friend''(s) rather than the other actions that may co-occur. Each occurrence should last more than five minutes, enough to be able to relax at least a little. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hang out' in WordNet: 1. hang out - (spend time in a certain location or with certain people; \"She hangs out at the corner cafe\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssociatingWithOtherPeople, :CausingaFeeling, :HumanRelaxingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Companionship ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HangingSomething :alwaysCauses :HangingFromSomething ; :en "suspending" ; :ldoce "hang" ; :wnsense "hang2v", "suspend1v" ; :wordnet "hang", "suspend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HangingSomething' is a transitive Action in which an Agent causes an Object to hang (be suspended) from another PhysicalObject, so that it will be supported by that other PhysicalObject in a gravitational field; the hanging may be from a supporting object fixed to a wall, or simply suspened from another object ob=verhead by a wire or string. The purpose of this Action is to suppoprt something, therefore the 'hanging' style of execution is not a subtype, as the purpose of that Action is not merely to support something in place, but to cause damage to a person. The result of each 'HangingSomething' Event is to cause a 'HangingFromSomething' Event. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'hang' an sense 1 of 'suspend' in WordNet: 2. (12) hang, hang up - (cause to be hanging or suspended; \"Hang that picture on the wall\") WN verb 'suspend': 1. (8) suspend - (hang freely; 'The secret police suspended their victims from the ceiling and beat them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HangingFromSomething ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :HangingUpClothes :alwaysCauses :HangingFromSomething ; :en "hanging up clothes" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HangingUpClothes' is a transitive Action in which an Agent puts some ''ClothingItem''s to hang (be suspended) from another PhysicalObject, typically by means of a hook or a clothesline or a horizontal rod that can hold ''CoatHanger''s. \"wardrobe\" hanging up clothes """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HangingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HangingFromSomething ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Hangout :wnsense "hangout1n", "haunt1n", "repair3n", "resort2n", "stamping ground1n" ; :wordnet "hangout", "haunt", "repair", "resort", "stamping ground" ; a :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hangout'' is a Place where some Group of (one or more) people get together regularly, during some interval of time, usually for socializing or relaxation or recreation. NOTE: this can be a Place where one Person likes to 'hang out', not necessarily with others (though that is probably the most common usage). Thus this is neither parent nor subtype of ''GatheringPlace''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hangout' in WordNet: 1. (1) haunt, hangout, resort, repair, stamping ground - (a frequently visited place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FrequentlyVisitingaPlace ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :Hangover :wnsense "hangover1n", "katzenjammer1n" ; :wordnet "hangover", "katzenjammer" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hangover'' is a form of ''Discomfort'' that is a side effect of the ''PhysiologicalCondition'' produced by ingesting too much alcohol, ad starting hours after the excessive ingestion, often the next morning. The quantity that produces a hangover varies among individual people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hangover' in WordNet: 1. (1) hangover, katzenjammer - (disagreeable aftereffects from the use of drugs (especially alcohol)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discomfort, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Headache ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SubstanceAbuse ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :HangsFromSomething :wnsense "hanging1adj" ; :wordnet "hanging" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HangsFromSomething' is an attribute of objects that are hanging from something (suspended from some object above the ground and pointing toward the ground under the influence of gravity) or are typically found hanging from something, or are designed to hang from something when used as intended. This includes natural things like icicles and stalactites, as well as artifacts such as tinsel for a Christmas tree . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 (the only adjective sense) of 'hanging' in WordNet: 1. pendent, pendant, dependent, hanging, hanging down - (supported from above; 'a pendant bunch of grapes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HannukahObservance a :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HannukahObservance''is any one or more of the various Actions that can be taken during the ''Hanukka'' period to observe the holiday of ''Hannukah'', such as lighting the candle(s) on a ''Menorah' and/or saying the associated prayers, and/or eating food appropriate to that celebration. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousCeremony, :ReligiousRitual . :Hanukkah :wnsense "Channukah1n", "Channukkah1n", "Chanukah1n", "Chanukkah1n", "Feast of Dedication1n", "Feast of Lights1n", "Feast of the Dedication1n", "Festival of Lights1n", "Hannukah1n", "Hanukah1n", "Hanukkah1n" ; :wordnet "Channukah", "Channukkah", "Chanukah", "Chanukkah", "Feast of Dedication", "Feast of Lights", "Feast of the Dedication", "Festival of Lights", "Hannukah", "Hanukah", "Hanukkah" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hanukkah' in WordNet: 1. (1) Hanukkah, Hanukah, Hannukah, Chanukah, Chanukkah, Channukah, Channukkah, Festival of Lights, Feast of Lights, Feast of Dedication, Feast of the Dedication - ((Judaism) an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem in 165 BC) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JewishHoliday . :HaploidCell :en "haploid cell" ; :enn "haploid cell" ; :guid "c10c1d14-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$EukaryoticCell. Each instance of #$HaploidCell is a cell which has a single chromosome set. For example, gametes such as sperm and ova are haploid cells (see #$Gamete). There also haploid forms of some mature multicellular organisms. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EukaryoticCell . :Happily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Happy ; :wnsense "blithely1adv", "gayly1adv", "happily1adv", "jubilantly1adv", "merrily1adv", "mirthfully1adv", "with happiness1adv" ; :wordnet "blithely", "gayly", "happily", "jubilantly", "merrily", "mirthfully", "with happiness" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Happily'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions to indicate that the agent was happy to perform the Action (in contrast to 'grudgingly' or 'under protest'). Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'happily' in Wordnet: 1. (5) happily, merrily, mirthfully, gayly, blithely, jubilantly, with happiness - (in a joyous manner; 'they shouted happily') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Happiness :guid "bd58b500-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "happiness1n", "happiness2n" ; :wordnet "happiness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Happiness can be brief, as a reaction to some event, or more long-lasting. It is always pleasant. As of rev907 the shorter-lasting and longer-lasting experiences of 'Happiness' and its subtypes 'Delight', 'Joy' are not represented, and these AttributeValues do not imply any particular duration, except for Joy which must last longer than a few minutes. NOTE also that 'Happiness' is not a DirectedFeeling, and can be caused by internal factors or a general undirected sense of Well-being. The more intense forms 'Delight' and 'Joy' are DirectedFeelings in COSMO, and require that the cause(s) of the emotion be specified. Therefore 'Happiness' is as of rev953 the most intense positive feeling that does not have a specific cause. Cyc: The enjoyment of pleasurable satisfaction that goes with well-being, security, effective accomplishments, or satisfied wishes. As with all #$FeelingTypes, this is a #$Collection - the collection of all possible amounts of happiness one can feel. One instance of #$Happiness is 'extremely happy'; another is 'just a little bit happy'. Note: Obviously there are no real units of measure for this quantity, ways of objectively measuring the amount of happiness possessed or gained or lost, etc., but still this has proven to be a useful way for Cyc to represent and reason with emotions. E.g., one can have a rule that says that most people have a greater 'amount' of happiness at their wedding than at their high school graduation, etc. There are functions, such as #$LowAmountFn, which take a #$PrimitiveScalarIntervalType (such as the instances of #$FeelingType) such as #$Happiness and return as their value a certain-sized amount of that feeling; e.g., (#$LowAmountFn #$Happiness) is an expression whose value is a positive but small amount of happiness, and that in turn will be an instance of #$Happiness (and also will be an instance of #$FeelingAttribute). #$FeelingTypes organize into a lattice; e.g., there are several more specialized forms of #$Happiness that are present in Cyc's ontology, such as #$Elation, #$Delight, #$Triumph-TheFeeling, etc. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'happiness' in WordNet. The Wordnet distinction between the emotion and state of 'happiness' does not apply in COSMO since emotions are themselves represented as states. in Wordnet: 1. (4) happiness, felicity - (state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy) 2. (2) happiness - (emotions experienced when in a state of well-being) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, :PleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Happy :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Happiness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Sad ; :ldoce "glad", "happy" ; :wnsense "glad1adj", "happy1adj" ; :wordnet "glad", "happy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Happiness. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'happy' and part of sense 1 of 'glad' (pertaining to people, not events or facial expressions) in WordNet: WN 'happy': 1. (37) happy - (enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure or good fortune; 'a happy smile'; 'spent many happy days on the beach'; 'a happy marriage') WN 'GLAD' 1. (11) glad - (showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy; 'glad you are here'; 'glad that they succeeded'; 'gave a glad shout'; 'a glad smile'; 'heard the glad news'; 'a glad occasion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Hara-kiri :wnsense "hara-kiri1n", "harakiri1n", "harikari1n", "suppuku1n" ; :wordnet "hara-kiri", "harakiri", "harikari", "suppuku" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hara-kiri'' is a type of ''Suicide'', formerly practiced in Japan as a way of preserving honor under certain circumstances, in which the person cuts open the bowels with a knife or short sword. Hara-kiri in Japanese translates as 'stomach cutting' and is sometimes pronounced as 'harry carry' in the USA. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hara-kiri' in WordNet: 1. harakiri, hara-kiri, harikari, suppuku - (ritual suicide by self-disembowelment on a sword; practiced by samurai in the traditional Japanese society) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ritual, :Suicide . :Harassment :guid "c0307b3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beset1v", "chevvy1v", "chevy1v", "chivvy1v", "chivy1v", "harass1v", "harassment2n", "harry1v", "hassle1v", "molest2v", "molestation2n", "plague2v", "provoke4v" ; :wordnet "beset", "chevvy", "chevy", "chivvy", "chivy", "harass", "harassment", "harry", "hassle", "molest", "molestation", "plague", "provoke" ; a :ActionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events with multiple participants. In each #$Harassment, one or more participants repeatedly trouble, annoy, threaten or attack a victim or victims. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'harassment' in WordNet: 2. harassment, molestation - (the act of tormenting by continued persistent attacks and criticism) WN verb 'harass': 1. harass, hassle, harry, chivy, chivvy, chevy, chevvy, beset, plague, molest, provoke - (annoy continually or chronically; 'He is known to harry his staff when he is overworked'; 'This man harasses his female co-workers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnnoyingEvent, :HostileSocialAction, :MistreatingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Repeated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Harbor :guid "bd58cdcf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "harbor1n", "harbour1n", "haven2n" ; :wordnet "harbor", "harbour", "haven" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Harbor'' is any part of a BodyOfWater where the coastline is indented sufficiently to provide shelter for a ship in a storm. This can be on a lake or Sea or ocean. It does not have to have any facilities. See subtype ''Seaport'' for the complete Sea + land combination. CYC: A specialization of #$BodyOfWater. Each instance of #$Harbor is a body of water which is protected from the open sea and deep enough to furnish fairly safe anchorage for ships. Instances of #$Harbor include #$PearlHarbor and #$AdenHarbor-Yemen. RHW: a part of a body of water along the shore deep enough for anchoring a ship and so situated with respect to coastal features, whether natural or artificial, as to provide protection from winds, waves, and currents. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'harbor' (port is a different type) in WordNet: 1. (8) seaport, haven, harbor, harbour - (a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, :OutdoorGeographicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoreline ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protective ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hard :isTheOppositeOf :Soft ; :ldoce "hard" ; :wnsense "hard3adj" ; :wordnet "hard" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of substances or objects made of those substances, such that objects having this attribute resist being bent and are difficult to cut with a knife. Hardness has degrees; to have this attribute a substance or object should be at least as hard as wood. This can be attributed to granular solids as well as single self-connected objects or rigid objects. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'hard' in WordNet: 3. (15) hard - (resisting weight or pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Firm . :Hard-Line :isAnAttributeValueOf :HardLine, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfAnAnimalUnlikelyToUndergo :Compromising ; :wnsense "hard-line1adj", "hardline1adj" ; :wordnet "hard-line", "hardline" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Hard-Line'' is an even more intensive degree of being ''Uncompromising''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hard-line' in Wordnet: 1. hard-line, hardline - (firm and uncompromising; 'a hard-line policy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uncompromising . :Hard-Pressed :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Distress ; :isTheOppositeOf :Carefree ; :wnsense "distressed1adj", "hard put1adj", "hard-pressed1adj", "in a bad way2adj" ; :wordnet "distressed", "hard put", "hard-pressed", "in a bad way" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hard-Pressed' is the attribute of someone who is ''Troubled'' by seemingly insoluble financial problems. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hard-pressed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) distressed, hard-pressed, hard put, in a bad way - (facing or experiencing financial trouble or difficulty; 'distressed companies need loans and technical advice'; 'financially hard-pressed Mexican hotels are lowering their prices'; 'we were hard put to meet the mortgage paymentng'; 'it was apparent that the magazine was in trouble'; 'found themselves in a bad way financially') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :Hard-Working :en "hard-working" ; :enadj "hard-working" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :BecomingTired ; :isTheOppositeOf :Lazy ; :wnsense "hardworking1adj", "industrious1adj", "tireless2adj", "untiring1adj" ; :wordnet "hardworking", "industrious", "tireless", "untiring" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hard-Working' is the attribute of someone who Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hard-working' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hardworking, industrious, tireless, untiring - (characterized by hard work and perseverance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Hard-core :wnsense "hard-core3adj" ; :wordnet "hard-core" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'hard-core' in Wordnet: 3. hard-core, hardcore - (extremely explicit; 'hard-core pornography') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :HardBoiledEgg :wnsense "hard-boiled egg1n" ; :wordnet "hard-boiled egg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HardBoiledEgg'' is a ''HensEgg'' that has been heated inboiling water at least three minutes to make the whites and yolk solidify. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hard-boiled egg' in WordNet: 1. hard-boiled egg, hard-cooked egg - (an egg boiled gently until both the white and the yolk solidify) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HensEgg . :HardCandy :hasMainComponentSubstance :Sucrose ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Hard ; :wnsense "hard candy1n" ; :wordnet "hard candy" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Candy made mostly of cane sugar ''Sucrose'', with flavoring ingredients, sold free as small marble-sized pieces, or mounted on a stick such as in a ''Lollipop''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hard candy' in WordNet: 1. hard candy - (candy that is brittle; \"you can break a tooth on that hard candy\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Candy, :CommodityProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sucrose ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HardCandyObject :en "piece of hard candy" ; :wnsense "hard candy1n" ; :wordnet "hard candy" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CandyObject'' made mostly of ''HardCandy'', possibly with some atached object such as a lollipoop stick.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hard candy' in WordNet: 1. hard candy - (candy that is brittle; 'you can break a tooth on that hard candy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CandyObject, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardCandy ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HardCover :en "hard cover" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HardCover'' is a ''BookCover'' that is relatively ''Hard'', in which the front cover and back cover are not flexible, as are the covers of a 'soft cover' or paperback book. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BookCover, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardboundBook ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HardHearted :wnsense "hardhearted1adj", "hardhearted2adj", "heartless1adj", "stonyhearted1adj", "unfeeling1adj" ; :wordnet "hardhearted", "heartless", "stonyhearted", "unfeeling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A more intense indifference to others than ''ColdHearted'; so lacking in Sympathy as to be at the orderlie of actual cruelty. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference?) of 'hard-hearted' in Wordnet: 1. hardhearted, heartless - (lacking in feeling or pity or warmth) 2. hardhearted, stonyhearted, unfeeling - (devoid of feeling for others; 'an unfeeling wretch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColdHearted . :HardLine :wnsense "hard line1n" ; :wordnet "hard line" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hard line' in WordNet: 1. hard line - (a firm and uncompromising stance or position; 'the governor took a hard line on drugs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Policy ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uncompromising ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HardObject :en "hard object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An Object that is Hard." ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HardPavement :en "hard pavement" ; :wnsense "pavement3n" ; :wordnet "pavement" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HardPavement' is a ''PavedSurface'' that is made of materials that harden after applying, such as Concrete or ''PavingAsphalt''. This is distinguished from gravel-lke ''Pavement''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Footpath, :PavedSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HardToFind :isMoreIntenseThan :Unusual ; :ldoce "rare" ; :wnsense "rare2adj" ; :wordnet "rare" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HardToFind' is an attribute of some PhysicalObject that cannot easily be found with a simple search; this means that the numbers of such objects are fewer than for other subtypes of some reference type. The number of things that can exist and still be 'HardToFind' varies with the location and type of thing. 'rare coins' are in this category, but many instances of coins called 'rare' may be found at a local coin store; one just cannot find them in one's pocket change. A 'rare bird' may be common in some specific locality. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'rare' in WordNet: 3. (2) rare - (not widely distributed; 'rare herbs'; 'rare patches of green in the desert') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unusual . :HardToResist :en "hard to resist" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Feeling ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overwhelming'' is a subtype of ''Strong'' applied to temptations or impulses or Feelings or motives. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Strong . :HardWork :ldoce "effort" ; :wnsense "effort1n", "elbow grease1n", "exert3v", "exertion1n", "sweat4n", "travail2n" ; :wordnet "effort", "elbow grease", "exert", "exertion", "sweat", "travail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HardWork'' is an action of a Person 'ExertingEffort' to perform some task that is not easy and requires ''PayingAttention''. needs can be either physical or mental effort, or both. in WordNet: 2. (176) effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail, sweat - (use of physical or mental energy; hard work; 'he got an A for effort'; 'they managed only with great exertion') WN verb 'exert': 3. (1) exert - (make a great effort at a mental or physical task; 'exert oneself') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExertingEffort, :HumanActivity, :PayingAttention, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vigorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hardbound :isAnAttributeValueOf :HardboundBook ; :wnsense "hardback1adj", "hardbacked1adj", "hardbound1adj", "hardcover1adj" ; :wordnet "hardback", "hardbacked", "hardbound", "hardcover" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hardbound'' is the attribute of a book with a hard binding - i.e. a ''HardboundBook''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hardbound' in Wordnet: 1. hardbacked, hardback, hardbound, hardcover - (having a hard back or cover; \"hardback books\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HardboundBook :en "hardbound book", "hardcover book" ; :wnsense "hardback1n", "hardcover1n" ; :wordnet "hardback", "hardcover" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HardboundBook'' is a Book-Physical'' with a hard binding - contrasted with 'paperback' book. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hardcover' in WordNet: 1. hardback, hardcover - (a book with cardboard or cloth or leather covers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hardbound ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardCover ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :HardcopyInformationBearingObject :guid "bd58e00e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SolidObject that contains some kind of symbolic information, usually linguistic but often using icons or diagrams or other symbols. NOTe that, as an unusual instance, some markings on a surface in themselves, even without the solid surface backing, can be an instance, as can some arrangement of blocks of letters that spell out some meaningful thing. Thus the chalk of some writing on a ''Blackboard'' could be an instance, as can the blackboard with the writing on it. Cyc: The collection-intersection (and thus a common specialization) of #$Artifact, #$StillImageSource and #$HumanAccessibleIBO (qq.v.). Each instance of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject is an human-created #$InformationBearingObject (IBO) in a hard format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose #$CommunicationConvention must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of #$StillImageSource, whose information content must be accessed visually) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HexalateralObject, :HumanAccessibleIBO, :SolidObject, :StillImageSource, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InformationObject :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :HardcorePornography :en "hardcore pornography" ; :enn "hardcore pornography" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HardcorePornography'' is a form of ''Erotica'' that very explicitly describes or illustrates human sexual activity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Erotica, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard-core ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hardening :ldoce "harden" ; :wnsense "harden1v", "hardening2n" ; :wordnet "harden", "hardening" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event in which a quantity of substance in a liquid or semiliquid form become hard; this is the intransitive sense. This is not a freezing, which is a 'StateChange' and is reversible, but represents hardening due to causes other than simple cooling - the gelling of a polymeric solution, bread becoming stale, glue, cement, or concrete hardening, etc. The hardening may or may not be reversible. For the change from a liquid or semiliquid or gaseous state to a solid, use ''Solidification'' Corresponds to intranstive verb sense 1 of 'harden' in WordNet: 1. (4) harden, indurate - (become hard or harder; 'The wax hardened') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Softening ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Hardness :wnsense "hardness1n" ; :wordnet "hardness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Hardness'' is a measurable property of Solid Objects. It is a quantitative measure, and the standard unit is a number on Moh's scale. @ToDo: add the unit of measure and add the number for ''DiamondSubstance''' @ToDo: need 'HardnessMeasureMohs'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hardness' in WordNet: 1. (1) hardness - (the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched; measured on Mohs scale) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :HardnessMeasureMohs a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to the ''Hardness'' of a SolidSubstance,using the 'Mohs' relative scale of 1 to 10. Note that other scales can measure absolute hardness ranging from 1 to 1500. @mod47 Measured on the 'Moh's scale' where Diamond is 10. @ToDo1447: These units still need to be added. SWEET? Can't find. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :Hardship :ldoce "hardship" ; :wnsense "adversity1n", "hard knocks1n", "hardship1n" ; :wordnet "adversity", "hard knocks", "hardship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DifficultSituation that specifically involves a person or persons either having insufficient money or income to live at even a modestly comfortable level, or having health problems that significantly degrade the quality of life.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hardship' in WordNet: 1. adversity, hardship, hard knocks - (a state of misfortune or affliction; 'debt-ridden farmers struggling with adversity'; 'a life of hardship') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Misfortune . :Hardware :wnsense "hardware2n", "ironware1n" ; :wordnet "hardware", "ironware" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hardware'' is the collective term for all ''HardwareTool''s. This is for tools only. Cooking implements (pots and pans) are not included, though they are also refered to as 'ironware'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hardware' in WordNet: 2. hardware, ironware - (instrumentalities (tools or implements) made of metal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :HardwareTool ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :HardwareTool :en "piece of hardware" ; :guid "bd58c122-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO NOTE: For the common collective use of 'hardware' use ''Hardware''. @mod47 CYC: #$HardwareTool is a specialization of #$Tool. Each instance of #$HardwareTool is an object used to perform a task, usually by applying a particular kind of force to another object. The tool is used to produce a physical effect in the position, structure, or arrangement of the other object. Specializations of #$HardwareTool include #$Hammer, #$Screwdriver, and #$HandSaw. Borderline nonexamples include eating utensils, robot servants, screws, nails, and levers. Usually made of iron or steel alloy. Any other? Brass or bronze? If so, restriction could to be broadened to include MetalType and allow specifics. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hardware ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Hardwood :consistsOfManyOf :PieceOfWood ; :guid "c10ae4c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Hard ; :wnsense "hardwood1n" ; :wordnet "hardwood" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: includes wood from many deciduous broadleaved temperate trees, including oak, ash, maple, etc. These trees have wood that is much harder that that of most conifers (pine, etc.) and is used for building furniture, finishing floors... Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hardwood' in WordNet: 1. hardwood - (the wood of broad-leaved dicotyledonous trees (as distinguished from the wood of conifers)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wood . :Hardy :wnsense "hardy3adj" ; :wordnet "hardy" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hardy'' is a term used commonly of ''Plant''s that can survive in spite of drought, high heat, or frost. It is also used of animals that can survve a long time without food, such as camels. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'hardy' in Wordnet: 3. hardy - (able to survive under unfavorable conditions; 'strawberries are hardy and easy to grow'; 'camels are tough and hardy creatures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strong . :Harmed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Damage ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :HarmingAnAgent ; :wnsense "harmed1adj" ; :wordnet "harmed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Harmed'' is the attribute of an Organism that has suffered some form of ''Harm'', expecially damage to the body. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'harmed' in Wordnet: 1. harmed - (having had pain or loss or suffering inflicted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Harmful :isMoreIntenseThan :Unhelpful ; :isTheOppositeOf :Beneficial, :Harmless ; :ldoce "harmful" ; :wnsense "evil3adj", "harmful2adj", "harmful3adj", "harmful6adj", "injurious2adj" ; :wordnet "evil", "harmful", "injurious" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of Events or Objects that have caused or are likely to cause Damage to objects, or to impede an agent's ability to achieve its goals. This is not merely a potential harm, which is expressed by 'Dangerous', but an object or situation of a type that is known to have caused harm. 'Harmful' represents a more emphatic degree of unhelpfulness than merely 'unhelpful'. This can be expressed by the phrase 'not merely unhelpful, downright harmful'. This is the general sense including senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'harmful', but more specific sense re represented as subtypes of this attribute; in WordNet: 2. (1) harmful - (able or likely to do harm) 3. harmful - (causing or capable of causing harm; 'too much sun is harmful to the skin'; 'harmful effects of smoking') 6. evil, harmful, injurious - (tending to cause great harm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient, :Unhelpful . :HarmfulAccident :en "harmful accident" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HarmfulAccident'' is an Accident that causes an InjuryCondition. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accident, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InjuryCondition ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Injury-Object ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :HarmfulAction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Action performed by an agent that is typically ''Harmful' to that agent. Example: falling into a trap or making a bad investment. This is not for Actions by one agent that harm another agent; for that, use ''PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Harmful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HarmfulChemicalSubstance :guid "bdbab61f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance (q.v.). Each instance of #$HarmfulChemicalSubstance is a sample of some #$ChemicalSubstanceType or mixture thereof that can kill or incapacitate.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance, :PotentialChemicalThreat-BBNEntityType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Harmful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HarmingAnAgent :guid "bd58daab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "harm", "hurt" ; :wnsense "harm1v", "hurt4v", "injure3v" ; :wordnet "harm", "hurt", "injure" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes financial damage and damage to one's reputation as well as physical or psychological (differetiated by subtypes); this is broad: the 'agent' harmed must be an Animal, and usually is a ''Person''; and the 'agent' doing the harm can be inanimate or an accident or 'act of God', not just a CognitiveAgent. Cyc: A specialization of #$ActionOnObject. Each instance of #$HarmingAnAgent is an event in which some agent is harmed, either physically or psychologically. Note that #$HarmingAnAgent is not a specialization of #$PurposefulAction, since it includes as instances some events in which an agent is harmed, but not intentionally harmed. Neither is it a specialization of #$IncurringDamage, because that does not cover psychological injury. Although #$HarmingAnAgent is not a specialization of #$PurposefulAction, important specializations of #$HarmingAnAgent (such as #$Murder and #$Torture) are also specializations of #$PurposefulAction. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'hurt' and verb sense 1 of 'harm' and sense 3 of 'injure', and includes 'misfortune' (interpreting WN sense 1 as the 'unfortunate event' causing a ''DifficultSituation'') in WordNet: 4. (4) hurt, injure - (cause damage or affect negatively; 'Our business was hurt by the new competition') WN 'harm': 1. (4) harm - (cause or do harm to; 'These pills won't harm your system') WN noun 'misfortune': 1. (4) misfortune, bad luck - (unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :CausingaNegativeSituation, :IncurringDamage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GroupOfVictims :Animal :GenericVictim :AgentType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Benefiting ; owl:onProperty :hasTheReverseEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DifficultSituation ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Harmed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Harmless :isTheOppositeOf :Harmful ; :ldoce "harmless" ; :wnsense "harmless1adj", "harmless2adj", "harmless3adj", "innocuous1adj" ; :wordnet "harmless", "innocuous" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of Events or Objects that do not have significant ability to cause Damage to objects - this attribute may depend on some specific context. @ToDo: add more specific 'nontoxic'? Senses 2 and 3 could be subtypes of this type. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'harmless' in WordNet: 1. (1) harmless - (not causing or capable of causing harm; 'harmless bacteria'; \"rendered the bomb harmless\") 2. innocuous, harmless - (not injurious to physical or mental health) 3. harmless - (not producing any toxic effects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Harmonica :guid "bd8b96ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "harmonica1n", "harp3n", "mouth harp1n", "mouth organ1n" ; :wordnet "harmonica", "harp", "mouth harp", "mouth organ" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all harmonicas, a small wind instrument. In a harmonica, tones are produced by inhaling and exhaling through a series of free reeds that sit behind a row of air holes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harmonica' in WordNet: 1. harmonica, mouth organ, harp, mouth harp - (a small rectangular free-reed instrument having a row of free reeds set back in air holes and played by blowing into the desired hole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiReedWoodwindInstrument . :Harness :guid "be7fe661-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WearableItem'' that fits on the torso of a large quadruped such as a Horse, Camel, or Ox, that facilitates connection to and use of other items, such as a ''Saddle'' animal-drawn cart or chariot, or some animal-powered device, such as a water wheel or plow. This is the parent for harnesses that are used on animals and on people - see the subtypes ''Harness-Animal'' and ''Harness-Human'' CYC: The collection of wearable lattice-shaped contraptions that are used to secure some object to the body of an #$Animal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connector, :DurableGood, :HexalateralObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :WearableItem . :Harness-Animal :guid "c10af339-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "harness2n" ; :wordnet "harness" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """gear worn by horses and other beasts of burden while pulling plows, wagons, sleds, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'harness' in Wordnet: 2. (1) harness - (stable gear consisting of an arrangement of leather straps fitted to a draft animal so that it can be attached to and pull a cart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harness, :StableGear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quadruped ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quadruped ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Harness-Human :guid "bf405348-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "harness1n" ; :wordnet "harness" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of wearable lattice-shaped contraptions that are used to secure some object to the body of a #$Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harness' in Wordnet: 1. (2) harness - (a support consisting of an arrangement of straps for holding something to the body (especially one supporting a person suspended from a parachute)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :Harp :wnsense "harp1n" ; :wordnet "harp" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harp' in Wordnet: 1. (1) harp - (a chordophone that has a triangular frame consisting of a sounding board and a pillar and a curved neck; the strings stretched between the neck and the soundbox are plucked with the fingers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StringInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PluckingaString ; owl:onProperty :isPlayedByAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PluckingaString ; owl:onProperty :hasMannerOfUse ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Triangular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Harpsichord :guid "bd63b106-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cembalo1n", "harpsichord1n" ; :wordnet "cembalo", "harpsichord" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Instances are instances of #$MusicalInstrument-Acoustic and #$Keyboard-MusicalInstrument. All instances share the characteristic feature that depressing a key will entrain a mechanical process that results in the plucking of a taut string, causing a vibration which is audible as a musical tone. Thus, instances are also considered instances of #$StringInstrument. The process is similar to that used in instances of #$Piano-Acoustic, with the signal difference that in instances of #$Piano-Acoustic the string is hammered, not plucked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harpsicord' in WordNet: 1. harpsichord, cembalo - (a clavier with strings that are plucked by plectra mounted on pivots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clavier, :ManufacturedGoods . :Harrow :wnsense "harrow1n" ; :wordnet "harrow" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A horse-drawn tool for cultivating and smoothing the soil. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'harrow' in WordNet: 1. harrow - (a cultivator that pulverizes or smooths the soil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cultivator . :HarryAllard :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isKnowledgeableAbout :ProfessionalAuthoring ; :isTheAuthorOf :MissNelsonIsMissing ; :practicesOccupation :ProfessionalAuthoring ; a :Author, :DeadPerson, :MalePerson, :Novelist . :HarryPotter :existsInContext :HarryPotterStories ; :hasMassInGrams "70000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaFiction ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :Wizard ; a :FictionalCharacter ; rdfs:comment """The fictional young wizard 'Harry Potter' created by J.K. Rowling in her series of 'Harry Potter' books, also made into movies. Harry Potter is classified as Alive, because he was alive within the novel series, the context of his existence.""" . :HarryPotterStories :hasTopic :HarryPotter ; :wasCreatedBy :JKRowling ; a :NovelSeries . :Harsh :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Displeasure ; :isTheOppositeOf :Pleasant, :Welcome ; :wnsense "abrasive2adj", "harsh1adj", "harsh4adj", "harsh5adj", "harsh6adj", "rough13adj" ; :wordnet "abrasive", "harsh", "rough" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Harsh'' is an AttributeValue of some Event caused by a ''Person'', or of that Person causing the event, which is experienced with more than a little displeasure by another agent, and if often considered to be unnecessarily unpleasant. This includes communications such as opinions as well as actual punishments (such as in criminal cases). NOTE: The attribute characterizing a Person and that characterizing an Event should be disentangled. @ToDo. This is the most general meaning and includes adjective senses 1 of 'harsh' in WordNet: 1. (3) harsh, rough - (unpleasantly stern; 'wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus'; 'the nomad life is rough and hazardous') 4. harsh, rough - (unkind or cruel or uncivil; 'had harsh words'; 'a harsh and unlovable old tyrant'; ' a rough answer') 5. harsh - (severe; 'a harsh penalty') 6. harsh, abrasive - (sharply disagreeable; rigorous; 'the harsh facts of court delays'; 'an abrasive character') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Severe, :Unpleasant . :HarshBehavior :en "harsh behavior" ; :wnsense "hardness4n", "harshness4n", "inclemency2n", "rigor3n", "rigorousness2n", "rigour3n", "rigourousness2n", "severeness4n", "severity4n", "stiffness5n" ; :wordnet "hardness", "harshness", "inclemency", "rigor", "rigorousness", "rigour", "rigourousness", "severeness", "severity", "stiffness" ; a :ActionType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HarshBehavior'' is a form of ''BehaviorTowardOthers'' that is ''Harsh'' and causes the 'other' affected by the behavior to feel uncomfortable or sad or insulted, while a less ''Harsh'' manner would conduce to the same intended result. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'harshness' in WordNet: 4. severity, severeness, harshness, rigor, rigour, rigorousness, rigourousness, inclemency, hardness, stiffness - (excessive sternness; 'severity of character'; 'the harshness of his punishment was inhuman'; 'the rigors of boot camp') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorTowardOthers, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :PersonType :GroupType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Harsh ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Harsh ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :HarshToTheSenses :isTheOppositeOf :Pleasant, :Welcome ; :wnsense "harsh2adj" ; :wordnet "harsh" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HarshToTheSenses'' is an AttributeValue of any perceivable thing that causes discomfort to the one perceiving it. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'harsh' in WordNet: 2. (2) harsh - (disagreeable to the senses; 'the harsh cry of a blue jay'; 'harsh cognac'; 'the harsh white light makes you screw up your eyes'; 'harsh irritating smoke filled the hallway') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpleasant . :Harshly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Harsh ; :wnsense "harshly1adv" ; :wordnet "harshly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Harshly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Action characterized was performed in a 'Harsh'' manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'harshly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) harshly - (in a harsh or unkind manner; '`That's enough!,' he cut in harshly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :HarvardUniversity :guid "bd58b21d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isLocatedAt :CambridgeMassachusetts ; a :University ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Vastly better than MIT, and in a more fashionable neighborhood. """ . :Hash :wnsense "hash1n" ; :wordnet "hash" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A dish consisting mostly of Meat and potatoes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hash' in Wordnet: 1. hash - (chopped meat mixed with potatoes and browned) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeatMixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Potato-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Hashish :guid "be95e8b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "haschisch1n", "hash2n", "hasheesh1n", "hashish1n" ; :wordnet "haschisch", "hash", "hasheesh", "hashish" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The psychoactive resin found in seeds, flowers, leaves, and stems of female #$HempPlants. #$Hashish is an #$IllegalDrug in the #$NaiveUSLawCOC microtheory. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hashish' in WordNet: 1. hashish, hasheesh, haschisch, hash - (purified resinous extract of the hemp plant; used as a hallucinogen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IllegalDrug, :PsychoactiveAgent, :Resin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HempPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Hashtag :en "hash mark", "hash tag", "hashtag", "octalthorp" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hashtag''is a 'PunctuationMark' typographic character '#', used in various ways, most recently prominent as a prefix to words to form categories on social media, or in URL references. Classically used to introduce a number or represent a number. Also used as one of the keys on a touch-tone telephone keypad, and with varying meanings in programing languages. A character that is not numeric or alphabetic - a 'special character'? No entry inWordnet. RHW 'hash mark': 1. b. the symbol #. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Number ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Hasp :wnsense "hasp1n" ; :wordnet "hasp" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hasp' in WordNet: 1. (1) hasp - (a fastener for a door or lid; a hinged metal strap fits over a staple and is locked with a pin or padlock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortalCatch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Padlock ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Hassock :wnsense "hassock1n", "ottoman3n" ; :wordnet "hassock", "ottoman" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hassock' in Wordnet: 1. ottoman, pouf, pouffe, puff, hassock - (thick cushion used as a seat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cushion, :NonPoweredDevice, :Person-SupportingFurniture, :PortableObject, :SeatingDevice . :Hastily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Hasty ; :wnsense "hastily1adv", "hurriedly1adv", "in haste1adv" ; :wordnet "hastily", "hurriedly", "in haste" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hastily'' is an Adverb o manner that specifies that the action characterized was performed in a ''Hasty''manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'hastily' in WordNet: 1. (8) hurriedly, hastily, in haste - (in a hurried or hasty manner; 'the way they buried him so hurriedly was disgraceful'; 'hastily, he scanned the headlines'; 'sold in haste and at a sacrifice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Hasty :ldoce "hasty" ; :wnsense "hasty2adj" ; :wordnet "hasty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The EventAttributeValue 'Hasty' characterizes Actions that were carried out by a person without careful consideration of the consequences, usually shortly after first considering the Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'hasty' in WordNet: 2. hasty, overhasty, precipitate, precipitant, precipitous - (done with very great haste and without due deliberation; 'hasty marriage seldom proveth well'- Shakespeare; 'hasty makeshifts take the place of planning'- Arthur Geddes; 'rejected what was regarded as an overhasty plan for reconversion'; 'wondered whether they had been rather precipitate in deposing the king') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventAttributeValue . :Hat :guid "bd58a525-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hat" ; :wnsense "hat1n" ; :wordnet "hat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Hat is a specialization of #$ClothingAccessory. Each instance of #$Hat is either a hat or other headgear or hatlike object. Specializations of #$Hat include #$Helmet, #$SwimmingCap, and #$Sombrero. SUMO: A type of Clothing that is worn on the Head. Note that this class covers caps, bonnets, berets, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hat' in WordNet: 1. (30) hat, chapeau, lid - (headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadWear, :OutdoorClothing . :HatBand :en "hat band" ; :enn "hat band" ; :guid "bd589792-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hatband1n" ; :wordnet "hatband" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hatband' in WordNet: 1. hatband - (a band around the crown of a hat just above the brim) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandShapedObject, :SomethingToWearPart . :HatCrown :wnsense "crown5n" ; :wordnet "crown" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HatCrown'' is the highest part (a ''Vertex'') of a ''Hat'', located at the centervof the Hat. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'crown' in WordNet: 5. (1) crown - (the part of a hat (the vertex) that covers the crown of the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vertex, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hat ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hat ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pate ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Hatch :wnsense "hatch3n" ; :wordnet "hatch" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hatch' in Wordnet: 3. hatch - (a movable barrier covering a hatchway) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortalCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hatchway ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Hatchback :wnsense "hatchback1n" ; :wordnet "hatchback" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hatchback' in WordNet: 1. hatchback - (a car having a hatchback door) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automobile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicleHatchbackDoor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Hatchet :guid "bd58d7ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hatchet2n" ; :wordnet "hatchet" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hand tool used for cutting, comprised of a short handle and a wedge-shaped head with one sharp edge. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hatchet' in Wordnet: 2. hatchet - (a small ax with a short handle used with one hand (usually to chop wood)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Axe, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blade ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Hatching :wnsense "hatch1v", "hatching1n" ; :wordnet "hatch", "hatching" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which an Embryo emerges from an egg to begin life as a free-living animal. This is the action from the point of view of the embryo finishing development and starting free life. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hatch' in WordNet: 1. (2) hatch - (emerge from the eggs; 'young birds, fish, and reptiles hatch') WN Nouns 'hatch' and 'hatching' seem to refer to what people do to WN cause production of young animals from eggs 1. hatch, hatching - (the production of young from an egg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirthEvent, :Emerging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMother ; owl:someValuesFrom :FemaleAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadNewborn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ] . :Hatchway :wnsense "hatchway1n" ; :wordnet "hatchway" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Entrance' in a horizontal surface, permitting access to a lower compartment from a higher level. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hatchway' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hatchway, opening, scuttle - (an entrance equipped with a hatch; especially a passageway between decks of a ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Entrance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HorizontalSurface ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :HatingEvent :ldoce "hate" ; :wnsense "detest1v", "hate1v" ; :wordnet "detest", "hate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState in which one person has hatred of another person, or has a tendency to strongly dislike some experience. The object can be a person, inanimate object, or type of Event. repugnance. This has elements of a drected Feeling, but here is represented as a more general ''persistentState''. The 'Feeling'' is represented as ''\"Hatred'. NOTE: This Action type is only subtly different from the Feeling of Hatred: ''HatingEvent'' is a Persistent state in which a Person has a strong dislike for something, but that disllke does not usually cause any changes to behavior until the hated thing is encountered or otherwise brought to the attention, at which point a Feeling of ''Hatred'' can arise. To 'hate' something is to experience Hatred when the hated thing is encountered.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hate' in WordNet: 1. (50) hate, detest - (dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards; 'I hate Mexican food'; 'She detests politicians') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PersistentState . :Hatred :guid "bd58d9e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasContrastingFeeling :Love ; :ldoce "hate", "hatred" ; :wnsense "hate1n", "hatred1n" ; :wordnet "hate", "hatred" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'hate' in Cyc. This is specifically hatred toward people - for a strong dislike of objects or actions, use 'Dislike'. Cyc: An intense feeling of hostility and aversion, usually deriving from fear, anger, or a sense of injury, and usually coupled with enmity and malice. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hate' and sense 1 of 'hatred' in WordNet: 1. (9) hate, hatred - (the emotion of hate; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dislike, :Hostility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :HaulingTrash a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''HaulingTrash'' is a ''TakingSomethingAway'' Event in which the thing transported is some quantity of ''Trash''. NOTE That an instance of this type may or may not also be a ''TakingSomething'' depending on whether the agent doing the taking intends to keep the thing taken. Includes parts of verb senses 1, 2, and 4 (the physical carrying) of 'take away' in Wordnet: 1. (5) take away, bear off, bear away, carry away, carry off - (remove from a certain place, environment, or mental or emotional state; transport into a new location or state; 'Their dreams carried the Romantics away into distant lands'; 'The car carried us off to the meeting'; 'I'll take you away on a holiday'; 'I got carried away when I saw the dead man and I started to cry') 3. (4) take away, take out - (take out or remove; 'take out the chicken after adding the vegetables') 4. (2) take away - (take from a person or place; 'We took the abused child away from its parents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shipping, :TakingSomethingAway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trash ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Haunting :isAnAttributeValueOf :Experience, :Memory ; :wnsense "haunting1adj", "persistent2adj" ; :wordnet "haunting", "persistent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Haunting'' is a ''Recurring'' (a qualitative attribute) of memories or experiences that have made a sufficiently deep impression that they are evoked or come back more often than the average memory. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'haunting' in Wordnet: 1. (2) haunting, persistent - (continually recurring to the mind; 'haunting memories'; 'the cathedral organ and the distant voices have a haunting beauty' - Claudia Cassidy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recurring . :HauteCuisine :wnsense "haute cuisine1n" ; :wordnet "haute cuisine" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'haute cuisine' in WordNet: 1. haute cuisine - ((French) an elaborate and skillful manner of preparing food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cuisine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skillful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elaborate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Having a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''CompositionAttributeValue'' is an AttributeValue describing the type of substance that an Object or Substance is partly or mostly composed of. e.g. ''Wooden''; ''Waxy''; ''Horny''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositionAttributeValue . :HavingAnAgreement :en "being in agreement", "having an agreement" ; :ldoce "have" ; :wnsense "have1v" ; :wordnet "have" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''HavingAnAgreement'' is a PersistentState created by the act of ''MakinganAgreement''. The *subject or agent of this kind of assertion will normally be a GroupOfPeople, or a group of agents. WN 'have' in WordNet: 1. (1202) have, have got, hold - (have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; 'She has $1,000 in the bank'; 'He has got two beautiful daughters'; 'She holds a Master's degree from Harvard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfIntentionalAgents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Agreement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :MakingAnAgreement ] . :HavingAnAttribute :en "is" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''HavingAnAttribute'' is a 'Quality'' that is a ''PersistentState'' in which the *subject 'has' some attribute. This can overlap with Type whose labels start with ''Being'' when the *object of an 'is' assertion is an AttributeValue: be Nice = have Niceness and so forth. The main labels for these concepts will often be simply the nominalized form of the AttributeValue label, **COSMO note: this type and its subtypes are used to represent the nominalized terms that refer to many QualiativeAttributeValues. An alternative could be to simply create a relation between the lexical terms of attribute (an adjective) and its nominalized form (a noun string). The question is whether, in trying to precisely represent meanings, the adjective and associated noun always have the same conceptual relation, so as to be able to precisely predict the meaning of the noun from the adjective. One problem is that in some cases the nominalized form of an adjective (as 'preciseness' is conceptually synonymous with another term (as 'precision') The answer is not clear, and this branch of types is created to allow, where appropriate, some nuances and distinctions to be made between an adjective (when it is Logically a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'') and its nominalized form. Here the nominalized form is represented by a PersistentState, i.e. being *adj* over some interval of time. Some nominalized attributes ('preciseness', precision') can refer to measurable quantities with instances having a quantity and a unit of measure. For those conceptally different cases (subtypes of ''QuantitativeAttributeValue'', different terms need to be used. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :HavingSomething, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValueType ] . :HavingAnInterest :en "having an interest" ; :enadj "having an interest" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Stakeholder ; :wnsense "concerned2adj", "interested2adj" ; :wordnet "concerned", "interested" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingAnInterest'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who has an 'interest' in something, in the sense that the thing in which the Person has an 'interest' has some effect on things important to that Person, especially important to that Person's financial situation or personal relations. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'interested' in Wordnet: 2. (1) concerned, interested - (involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in; 'a memorandum to those concerned'; 'an enterprise in which three men are concerned'; 'factors concerned in the rise and fall of epidemics'; 'the interested parties met to discuss the business') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HavingAnOpinion :ldoce "feel" ; :wnsense "feel2v" ; :wordnet "feel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HavingAnOpinion is a stative Event during which some 'IntentionalAgent' has an 'Opinion' in its mind. An 'Opinion' is some Proposition. The necessary components of each instance of 'HavingAnOpinion' are an individual 'IntentionalAgent' and an Opinion (which is a subtype of Proposition). HavingAnOpinion can be the result of almost any kind of cognitive process, logical or illogical. '''Believing''' is a subtype of 'HavingAnOpinion'. This sense most closely resembles sense of 'feel' in WordNet, but the WordNet sense includes 'FormingAnOpinion', which is a separate Event type;: in Wordnet: 2. (150) find, feel - (come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds; 'I feel that he doesn't like me'; 'I find him to be obnoxious'; 'I found the movie rather entertaining') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomething, :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opinion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :containedExperience ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opinion ] . :HavingAnimalsInside :en "having animals" ; :enn "having animals" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingAnimalsInside'' is a specialization of ''HavingSomethingInside'' that can be used to express the notion that there are some animals (including people) present in the Thing (a Place or Object) that is the Agent of this PersistentState. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingOrganismsInside, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GroupOfAnimals :GroupType :Animal :AnimalType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inhabited ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :HavingBloodyStools :en "having bloody stools" ; :enn "having bloody stools" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingBloodyStools' is a ''Defecating'' Action in which the ''Feces'' produced are ''Bloody'' - ''BloodyStools''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Defecating, :MedicalSymptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ColonCancer ; owl:onProperty :isaSymptomOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodyStools ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodyStools ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :HavingCarbonDioxideInside :en "being carbonated", "having carbon dioxide", "having carbonation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingCarbonDioxideInside'' is a specialization of ''HavingSomethingInside'' that can be used to specify that liquids that are ''Carbonated'' have some contentof ''CarboDioxide''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomethingInside, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidThing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarbonDioxide ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carbonated ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :HavingEndurance :en "enduring", "having endurance", "having stamina", "lasting" ; :enadj "enduring", "having endurance", "having stamina", "lasting" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Stamina ; :isaValueOf :BodyStrength ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingEndurance'' is a ''Quality'' characterizing the ability of some animal to continue physical activity for more than an average length of time without getting too tired to continue. This is the Attribute of an animal (uaually applied to People) who show ''Stamina'' (a Quality) in physical activities. NOTE* this is not an intensive attribute (though perhaps it should be),some there is no 'high stamina' or 'low stamina' - having this attribute means that an animal has high (good) stamina - equivalent to 'endurance'. No WN or RHW sense seems to capture this. The closest are 'enduring' and 'lasting' but the glosses on those do not quite capture this meaning. The WN meanings for 'untiring' an 'inexhaustible' are not close. WN 'lasting': 2. (1) durable, lasting, long-lasting, long-lived - (existing for a long time; 'hopes for a durable peace'; 'a long-lasting friendship') 4. lasting - (lasting a long time without change; 'a lasting relationship') WN 'enduring': 2. enduring, long-suffering - (patiently enduring continual wrongs or trouble; 'an enduring disposition'; 'a long-suffering and uncomplaining wife') RHW 'enduring': 1. lasting; permanent: a poet of enduring greatness. 2. patient; long-suffering. RHW 'lasting': 1. continuing or enduring a long time; permanent; durable: a lasting friendship. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stamina ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving ] . :HavingFun :en "have fun" ; :eng "having fun" ; :env "have fun" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingFun'' is intentionally performing some Action(s) that Causes ''Enjoyment'' ( a subtype of ''Pleasure'') This is an Action,and the type ''Enjoying'' is a static situation, so this is not a subtype of ''Enjoying'' but includes the sate of ''Enjoying'' as a subEvent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoying ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :HavingHorns :en "having horns" ; :enn "having horns" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingHorns'' is ''HavingaPart'' state in which some Animal has one or more hard ''Horn''s - on the head or (as in a Rhinoceros) the nose, *or* has some projections that resemble ''Horn''s. NOTE: this is a ''PersistentState'', and the state is referred to mstly throught the adjectives that are themselves represented by ''Horned'': 1. horned - (having a horn or horns or hornlike parts or horns of a particular kind; 'horned viper'; 'great horned owl'; 'the unicorn - a mythical horned beast'; 'long-horned cattle') WN adj 'horny': 2. horny - (having horns or hornlike projections; 'horny coral'; 'horny (or horned) frog') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingaPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ] . :HavingInMemory :ldoce "remember" ; :wnsense "remember2v", "retain4v" ; :wordnet "remember", "retain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HavingInMemory' is a persistent MentalState in which a cognitive agent keeps some information in memory for some period of time, whether short-term or long-term. This includes both holding something in one's active attention span - short-term memory - and holding it in long-term memory from which it can be recalled into short-term memory. This state is achieved as a result of some 'PuttingIntoMemory' event. For the act of storing something in long-term memory, use the subtype 'Memorizing'. In COSMO Acts related to memory are divided into stages: 1. PuttingIntoMemory - acquiring a memory, short or long-term 2. HavingInMemory - having something in short term memory, or in long-term memory from which it can be recalled into short-term memory 3. Remembering - recalling something from long-term to short-term memory, i.e. bringing it from outside of current consciousness into the current consciousness. States 1 and 3 have subtypes. 'Forgetting' reverses the effect of 'PuttingIntoMemory'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, :SingleDoerAction, :StrictlyMentalEvent . :HavingMoney :en "have money", "having money" ; :eng "having money" ; :env "have money" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingMoney'' is the state of a LegalAgent who has ''Ownership'' of some quantity of money, i.e.some ''MoneyObject'', but without offsetting debts, i.e.this is to own a 'net positive' amount of money. This can be for any ''LegalAgent'', Person or Organization. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ownership, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOwned ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyObject ] . :HavingOrganismsInside :en "being occupied" ; :enn "being occupied" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingAnimalsInside'' is a specialization of ''HavingSomethingInside'' that can be used to express the notion that there are some animals (including people) present in the Thing (a Place or Object) that is the Agent of this PersistentState. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomethingInside, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GroupOfAnimals :GroupType :Organism :OrganismType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Occupied ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :HavingPeopleInside :en "having people" ; :enn "having people" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingPeopleInside'' is a specialization of ''HavingSomethingInside'' that can be used to express the notion that there are people present in the Thing (a Place or Object) that is the Agent of this PersistentState. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomethingInside, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GroupOfPeople :GroupType :Person :PersonType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Populated ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :HavingRoomForSomething :en "accommodates", "has room for", "have room for", "having room for", "holds" ; :eng "accommodating", "holding" ; :wnsense "accommodate4v", "admit7v", "contain5v", "hold19v", "hold20v", "take38v" ; :wordnet "accommodate", "admit", "contain", "hold", "take" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingRoomForSomething'' is a PersistentState of some generic 'container' into which PhysicalObjects may be placed, in which a certain number of Objects can fit within that space. This can describe the capacity of a container (one gallon jar) or the seating capacity of an auditorium, of the guest capacity of a hotel. For a cargo ship it could be cargo capacity, for a passenger ship or plane or bus, the number of passengers accommodated. NOTE* this probably should be a relation. See ''isDesignedToHold'' - specifies what, not how many. Includes verb senses 19 and 20 of 'hold' in WordNet: 19. (19) accommodate, hold, admit - (have room for; hold without crowding; 'This hotel can accommodate 250 guests'; 'The theater admits 300 people'; 'The auditorium can't hold more than 500 people') 20. (18) contain, take, hold - (be capable of holding or containing; 'This box won't take all the items'; 'The flask holds one gallon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LargeEnough ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :HavingSomething :ldoce "have" ; :wnsense "have got1v", "have1v", "hold6v" ; :wordnet "have", "have got", "hold" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'HavingSomething' is a PersistentState in which something - anything, animate or inanimate, physical or abstract - 'has' something else in some sense. This is very broad, as can be seen by scrolling down the list of relations starting with 'has'; most of the meaning of the verb 'has' is represented by those owl:properties. To some extent, this recalls the relation between a base column in a databsae and one of the other columns: e.g. an individual person may 'have' a 'mother' and 'mother' may be the name of one of the columns. For 'having' something of value, use ''Possession''. This parent type itself is not very meaningful, except as it is required to express the meaning of 'LackingSomething', i.e. it is the opposite of 'LackingSomething', though the relation will probably need some FOL axioms to make it meaningful. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'have' in WordNet: WN 'have' 1. (1202) have, have got, hold - (have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; 'She has $1,000 in the bank'; 'He has got two beautiful daughters'; 'She holds a Master's degree from Harvard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ; owl:onProperty :subjectOfStateHas ] . :HavingSomethingInCommon :wnsense "share1v" ; :wordnet "share" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingSomethingInCommon'' is a type of ''Coexistence'' in which two or more objects all have some attribute or perform some Action of the same kind, not necessarily in the same location, and not necessarily cooperating or being in contact. This is currently used mostly for people sharing interests or Residences, but can be used as one way to express a form of 'similarity'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'share' in WordNet: 1. (24) share - (have in common; 'Our children share a love of music'; 'The two countries share a long border') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coexistence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObjectGroup ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingShared ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :HavingSomethingInside a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingSomethingInside'' is a stative Event that can be used to provide logical support for attributes (adjectives) that characterize contents of places or objects where other relations like ''isTheAttributeofSomethingDoing'' cannot be related to any other Event. This can apply to abstract objects,so 'inside' is not necessarily physical containment. NOTE that the 'patient' of this type is the Place that has the objects, not the objects. So 'hasObjectOfState' points to the Objects 'had'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectGroup :ObjectType :SubstanceType :GroupType ) ] ] . :HavingTwoPoles :pertainsTo :ManicDepression ; :wnsense "bipolar3adj" ; :wordnet "bipolar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingTwoPoles'' is an attribute of anything that has two parts (physical or abstract) that are in opposition to each other. This can be for opposite opinions or opposite sides of a dispute. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'bipolar' in Wordnet: 3. bipolar - (having two poles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :HavingWealth :en "being wealthy", "have wealth", "having wealth" ; :eng "having wealth" ; :enn "being wealthy" ; :env "have wealth" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingWealth'' is the state of a ''Person'' ''HavingMoney'' when the quantity s had is significantly larger than the the average amount of MoneyObject or other property convertible into money. This varies with the population and the time and the state of the economy and cannot be tied to an invarying specific number. NOTE: for those having wealth in the top one percent of ''MoneyObject''s owned by individual ''Person''s, the subtype ''Wealthiness'' is more specific. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wealth ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOwned ] . :HavingaCollegeDegree a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingaCollegeDegree' is a ''Qualification'' for some jobs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Qualification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CollegeGraduate ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HavingaDeadBattery a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'havingaDeadBattery' is an attribute of a Device that cannot perform its DesignFunction, because it requires a battery to operate, and the battery is dead or discharged, or the battery is missing from its compartment.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnableToFunction . :HavingaFeeling :en "have a feeling" ; :eng "having a feeling" ; :env "have a feeling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HavingaFeeling'' is a a stative Event during which some 'Person' has a ''Feeling''. This differs from the ''Feeling'' in that it does not focus on the ''Feeling'' itself, but on the consequences or implications of the state of having that Feeling. The same consequences or implications may be assigned to the Feeling itself, and this is only subtly different from the Feeling, but seems to be distinguishable. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomething, :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Feeling ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :FeelingType ] . :HavingaPart a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingaPart'' is a stative Event that can be used to provide logical support for attributes (adjectives) that characterize Things by describing something they have as a 'Part''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectGroup :ObjectType :GroupType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :HavingaPower :en "having a right", "having power", "having social power" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Powerless ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingaPower'' is a state in which a Person or other intelligent agent has some form of ''Right'' represented as some subtype of the Attribute ''SocialPower''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialPower ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :HavingaPrivilege :en "being privileged", "having a privilege" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''HavingaPrivilege'' is a ' ''PersistentState'' that is performed by a Person or ''GroupOfPeople'' that have some ''Privilege'' (an advantage over other people). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :HavingSomething, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrivilegedAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Privileged ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Privilege ; owl:onProperty :subjectOfStateHas ] . :HavingaQualification :wnsense "eligibility1n" ; :wordnet "eligibility" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingaQualification'' is a Person ''BeingQualified'' while having no disqualifying impediments to assume a position or perform some Task. The specific types of 'qualification' can be added as subtypes when needed. The kind of 'qualification' that can be 'had' by a Person are, for example, 'Credential' (degree, license) or experience, or a GPA or score on some test. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'qualification' in WordNet: 1. (8) qualification, making - (an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something; 'her qualifications for the job are excellent'; 'one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree'; 'she has the makings of fine musician') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingQualified, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eligible ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :HavingaRight :en "have a right", "having a right" ; :eng "having a right" ; :env "have a right" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HavingaRight'' is a stative Event during which some 'IntentionalAgent' has (possesses in some sense) a ''Right'' to perform some Action that s/he may want to perform. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomething, :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :subjectOfStateHas ; owl:someValuesFrom :Right ] . :HavingaTask a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HavingaTask' is a specialized subtype of ''Believing'', in which an IntelligentAgent believes that s/he has some obligation or respnsibility to attend to (i.e. pay some attention to) some ''ProblemSituation'' (which see) which could be important or trivial. This is the most generic MentalSituation that is both caused by and has the topic of a ''ProblemSituation''. This is not formally a ''Feeling'' as it only needs some knowlege in the mind of a ''ProblemSitation'' in order to exist in the mind. **? relation to ''Obligation''? Not an ''Obligation'', because not performing the 'Task'' may not cause any negative consequences (as in postponing a chore past the intended time). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProblemSituation ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProblemSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolvingaProblem ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarryingOutaTask ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :HavingaTendency a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HavingaTendency'' is a state in which the entity(s) in focus has some ''Tendency'' to do something. This is expressed linguistically as ''being prone (to)' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProneToAction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Havoc :wnsense "havoc1n", "mayhem2n" ; :wordnet "havoc", "mayhem" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A serious ''DisorderlyActivity'' that involves more than a few (four or more) people and includes acts of violence, causing either property damage or physical harm to a ''Person'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'havoc' in WordNet: 1. (3) havoc, mayhem - (violent and needless disturbance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisorderlyActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disruptive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViolentAction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfFourOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Hawaii :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy :PacificOcean ; :wnsense "Hawaii Island1n", "Hawaii1n" ; :wordnet "Hawaii", "Hawaii Island" ; a :Island ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Hawaii' in WordNet: 2. (3) Hawaii, Hawaii Island - (the largest and southernmost of the Hawaii islands; has several volcanic peaks) """ . :Hawaiian :isAnAttributeValueOf :StateOfHawaii ; :pertainsTo :HawaiianIslands, :HawaiianPerson, :Hula, :StateOfHawaii ; :wnsense "Hawaiian1adj" ; :wordnet "Hawaiian" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Hawaiian' in Wordnet: 1. Hawaiian - (of or relating to or characteristic of the state or island of Hawaii or to the people or culture or language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :HawaiianIslands :hasComponentElement :Hawaii, :Maui ; :wnsense "Hawaiian Islands1n", "Sandwich Islands1n" ; :wordnet "Hawaiian Islands", "Sandwich Islands" ; a :Archipelago ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hawaiian Islands' in WordNet: 1. (3) Hawaiian Islands, Sandwich Islands - (a group of volcanic and coral islands in the central Pacific) """ . :HawaiianPerson :wnsense "Hawaiian2n" ; :wordnet "Hawaiian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Hawaiian' in WordNet: 2. Hawaiian - (a native or resident of Hawaii) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOfHawaii ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Hawk :guid "bd59011f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hawk1n" ; :wordnet "hawk" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hawk' in WordNet: 1. (2) hawk - (diurnal bird of prey typically having short rounded wings and a long tail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirdOfPrey . :Hay :guid "c0f47455-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hay1n" ; :wordnet "hay" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cut and dried herbage (e.g., grass, clover, alfalfa) used as animal feed. SUMO: Grass that has been cut and cured for use as Fodder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hay' in Wordnet: 1. (11) hay - (grass mowed and cured for use as fodder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fodder, :VegetableMatter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brittle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HayRake :en "hay rake", "hay-rake" ; :wnsense "rake3n" ; :wordnet "rake" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rake'' designed to move hay around. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rake . :HayWagon :en "hay wagon", "hay-wagon" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wagon'' designed for or used for carrying ''Hay''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :Wagon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hay ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCarry ] . :Hazard :wnsense "endangerment1n", "hazard1n", "jeopardy1n", "peril1n", "risk1n" ; :wordnet "endangerment", "hazard", "jeopardy", "peril", "risk" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hazard'' is anything - object or situation - that is ''Dangerous'' and may cause harm or loss. NOTE: a ''Hazard'' in COSMO can be an Object or a situation; the subtyp ''RiskySituation'' more specifically represents a 'situation' that may cause a loss. Technically, an Object whose presence may cause a risk might suggest representing such a thing as a ''PersistentState'', but to allow the common linguistic usage of calling the objects themselves a ''Hazard'', this type can be used to label an Object, and the implied potential loss is represented by the chain of inference: Hazard presenceCauses RiskySituation RiskySituation may Cause LosingSomething Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hazard' in WordNet: 1. (3) hazard, jeopardy, peril, risk, endangerment - (a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune; 'drinking alcohol is a health hazard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RiskySituation ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ] . :Haze :guid "bd58c090-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "haze1n" ; :wordnet "haze" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A more transparent subtype of ''Fog''. CYC: An aggregation of fine widely dispersed particles which subdues colors a bit. Of all clouds, haze is the most transparent. When it occurs, it comes in very large lumps (i.e. may cover an entire city or horizon) and envelopes the observer in the same way that Fog (qv) does. Thus Haze is only a cloud from the #$WeatherEvent perspective. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'haze' in WordNet: 1. (8) haze - (atmospheric moisture or dust or smoke that causes reduced visibility) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fog . :Hazing :eng "hazing" ; :wnsense "haze2v" ; :wordnet "haze" ; a :ActionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hazing'' is a form of initiation ritual imposed on new members of some organizations, as in military institutions or fraternities. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'haze' in WordNet: 2. haze - (harass by imposing humiliating or painful tasks, as in military institutions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harassment, :InitiationRitual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Repeated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRitualOfGroup ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :OrganizationType :GroupOfPeople :GroupType ) ] ] . :Hazy :guid "bd58e0c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Haze ; :wnsense "brumous1adj", "foggy1adj", "hazy1adj", "misty1adj" ; :wordnet "brumous", "foggy", "hazy", "misty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A current condition where the air is full of haze and the visibility is moderate. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hazy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) brumous, foggy, hazy, misty - (filled or abounding with fog or mist; 'a brumous October morning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeatherAttributeValue . :Head :guid "bd58ba60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "head" ; :wnsense "head1n" ; :wordnet "head" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC 'Head-AnimalBodyPart': A specialization of #$ExternalAnatomicalPart, and #$AnimalBodyPart, and an instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType: the collection of all heads of #$Animals. See also the more specialized #$Head-Vertebrate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'head' in WordNet: 1. (208) head, caput - (the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; 'he stuck his head out the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :FrontAndBackSidedObject . :Head-Vertebrate :en "vertebrate head" ; :enn "vertebrate head" ; :guid "bd5883bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all heads of #$Vertebrates (animals with backbones). Vertebrate heads all have faces (see #$FaceOfAnimal) and connect to the animal's torso via a neck; these things are not generally true for most non-vertebrates. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Head, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :HeadCrest :wnsense "crest5n" ; :wordnet "crest" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeadCrest'' is a pointed 'appendage' growing on the head of some animal, most notably birds. NOTE: is this the top part of or atteched to the Head? Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'crest' in WordNet: 5. crest - (a showy growth of e.g. feathers or skin on the head of a bird or other animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage, :PointyEndedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isPartOfOrAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ] . :HeadHair :en "head hair" ; :isLocatedAtOrOn :HumanHead ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Person ; :isaConstituentSubstanceOf :HumanHead ; :wnsense "head of hair1n", "mane2n" ; :wordnet "head of hair", "mane" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Substance ''Hair'' that is growing on the top part of the ''Head'' of a *Person* (the ''Scalp'), not on the Face. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'head of hair' in WordNet: 1. (1) mane, head of hair - (growth of hair covering the scalp of a human being) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanHair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scalp ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :HeadHood :isDesignedToCover :Head ; :wnsense "hood4n" ; :wordnet "hood" ; a :ClothingType, :CoveringType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """May be a separate piece or part of a coat or jacket Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hood' in Wordnet: 4. hood - (a headdress that protects the head and face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :SomethingToWearPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fabric ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :HeadMaster :practicesOccupation :TeachingAsAnOccupation ; :wnsense "headmaster1n", "master5n", "schoolmaster1n" ; :wordnet "headmaster", "master", "schoolmaster" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeadMaster'' is a ''SchoolPrincipal'', in a private K-12 school. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headmaster' in WordNet: 1. (2) headmaster, schoolmaster, master - (presiding officer of a school) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolPrincipal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrivateSchool ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :HeadNote :en "headnote" ; :enn "headnote" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''HeadNote'' is secifically for ''Chapter''s. A broader parent type could be created if needed. NOTE: no WN sense for 'headnote'. RHW 'headnote': a brief summary, comment, or explanation that precedes a chapter, report, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :ConceptualWork, :DocumentPart, :HeadOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chapter ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :HeadOfAnObject :wnsense "head7n" ; :wordnet "head" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeadOfAnObject'' is an ''ObjectPart'' that is located at the 'top' or 'front' part of some Object, abstract or Physical. For PhysicalObjects more explicit ''OrientedPart''s and relations among them have been represented, so this is used mostly for ''AbstractObject''s for which the 'top', 'front', 'bottom', 'head' 'back' or 'tail' are to some extent metaphorically related to similar parts of PhysicalObjects, as when a 'text' or 'page' or 'list' are visualized as being oriented vertically, and the 'top' is the beginning part of the page or list. An ''OrientedPart'' might be linked to this in some manner - or kept separate for specificity. Maybe needs rethinking? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'head' in WordNet: 7. (1) head - (the top of something; 'the head of the stairs'; 'the head of the page'; 'the head of the list') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :HeadOfAnOrganization :wnsense "chief1n", "head4n", "top dog1n" ; :wordnet "chief", "head", "top dog" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''HeadOfAnOrganization'' is the chief administrator, who may be called the ''President'' or 'CEO' or any other title. The subtypes can include the 'head' of a suborganization within a larger organization (e.g. department head). This is a broad type that can e appllied to any Person who is the sole leader some ''Organization'', including a 'capo' in an OrganizedCrime organization or a gang leader (if the gang has a formal organization).. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'head' in WordNet: 4. (6) head, chief, top dog - (a person who is in charge; 'the head of the whole operation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficerInOrganization, :PolicyMaker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ] . :HeadOfGovernment :en "head of government" ; :guid "bd590143-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg, and a specialization of #$Politician. Each instance of #$HeadOfGovernment is a person who holds a political position as the head of the government of some instance of #$Country. See the #$sharedNotes #$GovernmentLeaderNote for an explanation of the distinction between #$HeadOfGovernment and #$HeadOfState (q.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Celebrity, :Leader, :Manager, :Politician, :PublicOfficial . :HeadOfState :guid "bd58e773-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ruler" ; :wnsense "chief of state1n", "head of state1n", "ruler2n" ; :wordnet "chief of state", "head of state", "ruler" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HeadOfState' is the person who is the supreme commander of some country or less formal area that is at least nominally controlled by some government. The ruling power may be constitutional, hereditary, acquired by military fiat, feudal, or other mechanism. Approximately equal to noun sense 1 of 'ruler' in RHW: 1. a person who rules or governs; sovereign. Cyc: A collection of persons. Each instance of #$HeadOfState is a person who holds a political position as the titular leader of some instance of #$Country. Titles that such a person might hold include President, Premier, Chairman, Sultan, King or Queen, or Regent. Examples of #$HeadOfState: #$BillClinton, #$QueenElizabethII, #$YassirArafat, #$Hirohito, #$JiangZemin. See also the related constants #$titleOfPosition and #$HeadOfGovernment. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'ruler' in WordNet: 2. (4) ruler, swayer - - (a person who rules or commands; 'swayer of the universe') WN noun 'head of state': 1. head of state, chief of state - (the chief public representative of a country who may also be the head of government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Celebrity, :Leader, :PolicyMaker, :Politician, :ProfessionalPerson, :PublicOfficial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeadingaState ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GeopoliticalEntity ] . :HeadShake :en "shake the head" ; :eng "shaking the head" ; :env "shake the head" ; :wnsense "headshake1n", "headshaking1n" ; :wordnet "headshake", "headshaking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeadShake'' is a ''SymbolicGesturing'' consisting of turning the head left and right once or more times to signify a 'no' answer, or disbelief. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headshake' in WordNet: 1. headshake, headshaking - (the act of turning your head left and right to signify denial or disbelief or bemusement; 'I could tell from their headshakes that they didn't believe me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sign, :SymbolicGesturing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :signifies ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Disbelief :Doubting :DisagreementEvent ) ] ] . :HeadWaiter :guid "bef78770-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "captain7n", "headwaiter1n", "maitre d'1n", "maitre d'hotel1n" ; :wordnet "captain", "headwaiter", "maitre d'", "maitre d'hotel" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeadWaiter'' is a ''RestaurantEmployee'' who manages the ''Waiter''s and CYC: This is a job which includes greeting patrons at a restaurant and seating them. Sometimes called the 'maitre d'hotel' or 'host'/'hostess'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headwaiter' in WordNet: 1. captain, headwaiter, maitre d'hotel, maitre d' - (a dining-room attendant who is in charge of the waiters and the seating of customers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodProfessional, :Manager, :RestaurantEmployee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waiter ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :HeadWear :en "headwear" ; :wnsense "headdress1n", "headgear1n" ; :wordnet "headdress", "headgear" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An item of ''HeadWear'' is a ''ClothingAccessory'' worn on the ''Head''. Includes hats, caps, veils. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headgear' in WordNet: 1. (1) headdress, headgear - (clothing for the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Headache :wnsense "headache2n" ; :wordnet "headache" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ache that appears to be located inside the skull. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'headache' in WordNet: 2. (3) headache, head ache, cephalalgia - (pain in the head caused by dilation of cerebral arteries or muscle contractions or a reaction to drugs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ache, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :Header :wnsense "head24n", "header1n", "heading1n" ; :wordnet "head", "header", "heading" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A short sequential group of Words (''Phrase'') that concisely conveys the topic in the abstract text that is below it (on a page) or follows it (in an article or section of text). e.g. chapter header or chapter title. This is for section or chapter headers or titles as well as the line at the top of a book page that indicaes something about the content of the page (sometimes just the chapter, sometimes more specific to the contents of a specific page) Corresponds pproximately (may be more than one line) to noun sense 1 of 'header' in WordNet: 1. heading, header, head - (a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about; 'the heading seemed to have little to do with the text') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :HeadOfAnObject, :Phrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractText ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :Headgear :guid "c0fbdb2c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "headgear3n" ; :wordnet "headgear" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Headgear'' for a Horse is something worn on a orse's head so that the horse can be controlled. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'headgear' in WordNet: 3. headgear - (stable gear consisting of any part of a harness that fits about the horse's head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :StableGear, :WearableItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Headlight :wnsense "headlamp1n", "headlight1n" ; :wordnet "headlamp", "headlight" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Headlight'' is an ''ElectricalLightingDevice'' that emits a strong beam of light, used in the front of ''RoadVehicle''s (cars, trucks) or locomotives, usually in pairs in ''RoadVehicle''s, over the left and right front tires, designed to to illuminate the road (or track) ahead so that the driver can see the road and avoid objects in the road. These devices in ''RoadVehicle''s typically have more than one lighting element in each ''Headlight'',so that the beam can be switched from normal to 'high beam' (to illuminate further), and back. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headlight' in WordNet: 1. (6) headlight, headlamp - (a powerful light with reflector; attached to the front of an automobile or locomotive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalLightingDevice, :HandSizedObject, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightBeam ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RailroadTrainEngine ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Headphones :en "headphones" ; :enn "headphones" ; :guid "bd58db79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pair of ''EarPiece''s connected to the same electrical signal source (with possible differentiation of left and right earpieces.) CYC: The audio devices put very close to the ears to permit personal listening. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :EarPiece ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Headquarters :wnsense "central office1n", "headquarters1n", "home office2n", "main office1n" ; :wordnet "central office", "headquarters", "home office", "main office" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Headquarters'' is a building or part of a building that serves as the main central location where an organization locates its top executives and conducts operations affecting the whole business. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headquarters' in WordNet: 1. (7) headquarters, central office, main office, home office, home base - ((usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise; 'many companies have their headquarters in New York') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficeSpace . :HeadsUp :wnsense "heads-up1n" ; :wordnet "heads-up" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''HeadsUp'' is an ''AbstractText'' whose topic is some .''PossibleFutureSituation''. Note that this is treated as an Object; for the Action of conveying a HeadsUp use ''GivingaHeadsUp''. The ''PossibleFutureSituation'' that is the topic is not necessarily a RiskySituation; such information can be conveyed by the subtype ''WarningAction'' in a resulting ''Warning''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'heads-up' (topic is a situation, but not necessarily a RiskySituation,, as in a ''WarningText'') in WordNet: 1. heads-up - (a warning message; 'he sent a heads-up to the District Attorney') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :ExternalReferringThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Headscarf :wnsense "headscarf1n" ; :wordnet "headscarf" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headscarf' in WordNet: 1. headscarf - (a kerchief worn over the head and tied under the chin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadWear, :Kerchief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Headset :guid "c0fcde06-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "headset1n" ; :wordnet "headset" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Headset'' is a ''Headphones'' pair that has a connecting component between the ''Earpiece''s that allows the ''Headset'' to rest on the Head without the need to insert the Earpiece into the Ear. CYC: a communications device which is worn on the head and has speakers which cover the ears. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'headset' in WordNet: 1. headset - (receiver consisting of a pair of headphones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :ElectricalDevice, :Headphones, :SomethingToWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothEars ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Headstrong :wnsense "froward1adj", "headstrong1adj", "self-willed1adj", "wilful2adj", "willful2adj" ; :wordnet "froward", "headstrong", "self-willed", "wilful", "willful" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Headstrong'' is an attribute of a Person who habitually resists being controlled or directed by another. This includes children who frequently disobey parents' directions. RHW 'froward': willfully contrary; not easily managed: to be worried about one's froward, intractable child. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'headstrong' in Wordnet: 1. (1) froward, headstrong, self-willed, willful, wilful - (habitually disposed to disobedience and opposition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Healer :wnsense "healer1n", "therapist1n" ; :wordnet "healer", "therapist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Healer'' is someone who has some level of knowledge of how to heal some (one or more) ''AilmentCondition''. This includes practictioners of modern medicine as well as traditional healers, faith healers, and witch doctors. Has some unclear overlap with noun sense 1 of 'healer' in WordNet: 1. (1) therapist, healer - (a person skilled in a particular type of therapy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :PersonWithOccupation . :HealingEvent :CYC "RecoveringFromAilment" ; :en "get better" ; :guid "c0fd50ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c10c3620-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "convalesce1v", "convalescence1n", "heal1v", "heal2v", "mend2v", "recover2v", "recovery2n", "recuperate2v", "recuperate3v", "recuperation1n" ; :wordnet "convalesce", "convalescence", "heal", "mend", "recover", "recovery", "recuperate", "recuperation" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some disease or physiological malfunction or trauma state (e.g. a broken bone, a wound) comes to an end and relatively normal function resumes. This is a subtype of PhysiologicalProcess. For the Action that causes a ''HealingEvent'' use ''CuringAnAilment''. CYC 'Healing': The collection of events in which a BLO repairs an injury in itself, through biological means rather than externally. For example, a broken bone heals itself by growing new cells which connect the different pieces of bone - a doctor does NOT heal a patient. Includes CYC 'RecoveringFromAilment':A collection of events. In an instance of #$RecoveringFromAilment, some member of #$BiologicalLivingObject recovers from an #$AilmentCondition it has at the beginning of this recovery period. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'heal' and verb sense 2 of 'recover' in WordNet: 1. (2) mend, heal - - (heal or recover; 'My broken leg is mending') 2. (1) heal - - (get healthy again; 'The wound is healing slowly') WN verb 'recover': 2. (4) recuperate, recover, convalesce - (get over an illness or shock; 'The patient is recuperating') WN verb 'recuperate': 3. recuperate - (restore to good health or strength) 4. recuperate, recover, convalesce - (get over an illness or shock; 'The patient is recuperating') WN noun 'recuperation' 2. (2) convalescence, recuperation, recovery - (gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndingOfAnEvent, :ImprovementEvent, :PhysiologicalProcess, :Recovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentCondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :GettingSick ] . :Health :isTheAbsenceOf :AilmentCondition ; :ldoce "health" ; :wnsense "health1n" ; :wordnet "health" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Health' is the condition of being Healthy - a state of health, which is the absence of any AilmentCondition. This does not require that an animal's body be in perfect condition - a person with an amputated limb can still be considered Healthy as long as that person is not experiencing an Illness. Minor scratches, burns, or headache do not make a person 'unhealthy. NOTE: that this is a PersistentState, which is a type of Event that has a beginning and ending time. Corrresponds to noun sense 1 of 'health' in WordNet: 1. (23) health, wellness - (a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease; 'physicians should be held responsible for the health of their patients') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NormalOrganismCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AilmentCondition ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :HealthCareEvent :en "health-care" ; :enn "health-care" ; :guid "c151945b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "health care1n", "healthcare1n" ; :wordnet "health care", "healthcare" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: An Event that involves some attempt at providing a human with a service beneficial to hisher health. (Veterinary events are under 'VeterinaryCareEvent'). This may or may not be provided by a 'MedicalCareOrganization'. This is not for routine nourishement, exercise, or routine ingestion of vitamin supplements by an individual, but either (1) something performed by a person on another Person that is intended to improve health; or (2) something performed by a person on herself that is of the nature of a medical procedure. Self-treatment is included, but only if it is clearly a procedure that is of the kind typically performed by a medical professional., In Cyc called 'HealthCare'. Cyc: A collection of events. Each element of #$HealthCare is a purposeful action in which an agent acts to maintain, preserve, or promote the health of an #$Animal. Two important subcollections are (#$SubcollectionOfAboutFn #$HealthCare #$Person) and (#$SubcollectionOfAboutFn #$HealthCare #$NonPersonAnimal) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'health care' in WordNet: 2. healthcare, health care - (the preservation of mental and physical health by preventing or treating illness through services offered by the health profession) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProfessionalServicing, :TakingCareOfSomething, :TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAnimalTreated ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaintainingHealth ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :HealthEmergency :en "health emergency" ; :enn "health emergency" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HealthEmergency'' is any ''AilmentCondition'' that requires immediate attention. ???going into labor?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Emergency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmergencyMedicalTreatment ; owl:onProperty :convincedAgentToAction ] . :HealthInsurance :wnsense "health insurance1n" ; :wordnet "health insurance" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'health insurance' in WordNet: 1. health insurance - (insurance against loss due to ill health) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InsuranceAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :MedicalExpenses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreventingMedicalExpenditureLoss ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedPrimaryFunction ] . :HealthProfessional :guid "bd58a4d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "caregiver1n", "health care provider1n", "health professional1n" ; :wordnet "caregiver", "health care provider", "health professional" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$Professional-Adult. Each instance of #$HealthProfessional is a person employed in some health-related field. Specializations of #$HealthProfessional include #$MedicalCareProfessional and #$HealthInspector Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'health professional' in WordNet: 1. health professional, health care provider, caregiver - (a person who helps in identifying or preventing or treating illness or disability) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProfessionalPerson . :HealthcareOrganization :guid "c0117dcf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of #$HealthcareOrganization is an #$Organization that is primarily or significantly engaged in the #$HealthcareIndustry or whose activities focus on that industry. All of #$OccupationalSafetyAndHealthAdministration, #$AmericanMedicalAssociation and #$SetonNorthwestHospital are instances of #$HealthcareOrganization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :Healthiness :wnsense "good health1n", "healthiness1n" ; :wordnet "good health", "healthiness" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Healthiness'' is the general term for the ''PhysiologicalCondition'' in which an Organism does not have an ''AilmentCondition'' and has sufficient vigor and mental health to live a normal life unrestrcted by inadequate bodily resources. ''Healthiness'' is a better PhysioogicalCondition than just ''Health''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'healthiness' in WordNet: 1. good health, healthiness - (the state of being vigorous and free from bodily or mental disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Health, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Health ; owl:onProperty :isaHigherLevelOf ] . :Healthy :en "in good health" ; :guid "19b8d7d4-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :GoodHealth ; :ldoce "healthy", "well" ; :wnsense "healthy1adj", "well1adj" ; :wordnet "healthy", "well" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of being healthy, which means not having any identifiable illnesses that would cause one to say that a person is ill or sick. One may have minor injuries such as bruises or scratches and still be 'Healthy'. NOTE that the word 'well' is one label for this AttributeValue, though that word is often used to indicate a state of health after some interval of illness. The distinction is not yet (r923) formalized: perhaps 'recovered' as a subattribute? @ToDo. Cyc: The state of being healthy, i.e., not suffering from any type of #$AilmentCondition. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'healthy' and sense 1 of 'well' in WordNet: WN adj 'healthy': 1. (16) healthy - (having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease; 'a rosy healthy baby'; 'staying fit and healthy') WN adjective 'well': 1. (4) well - (in good health especially after having suffered illness or injury; 'appears to be entirely well'; 'the wound is nearly well'; 'a well man'; 'I think I'm well; at least I feel well') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :HealthyAppearance :wnsense "glow1n" ; :wordnet "glow" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person's ''HealthyAppearance'' is that Person's ''PersonalAppearance'' when that Person is in the state of ''Healthiness'' and has a 'healthy ruddy' complexion of the cheeks. The WN 'glow' appears to represent this state although the gloss emphasizes the feeling. RHW 'glow': noun: 4. a warm, ruddy color of the cheeks. verb 9. (of the cheeks) to exhibit a healthy, warm, ruddy color. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'glow' in WordNet: 1. (3) freshness, glow - (an alert and refreshed state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalAppearance, :Quality . :Heap :wnsense "heap1n" ; :wordnet "heap" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Heap' is a ''Pile'' of objects produced by an intentional ''Collecting'' Action but not arranged in any particular order nor internally organized, - ''Unordered'' - i.e. not carefully placed in relation to each other. A pile of garbage or a heap of clothes in a laundry bin. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'heap' in WordNet (the kind of Pile created by an intentional act of ''Collecting'': 1. (6) pile, heap, mound, agglomerate, cumulation, cumulus - (a collection of objects laid on top of each other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unordered ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Collecting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Heard :isAnAttributeValueOf :Sound ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Hearing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unheard ; :wnsense "heard1adj" ; :wordnet "heard" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Heard'' is an AttributeValue of ''Sound''s that were perceived by some Animal (usually a person); this is specific to the Animal of reference, as Sounds ''Unheard'' by one animal may be ''Heard'' by others. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heard' in Wordnet: 1. (1) heard - (detected or perceived by the sense of hearing; 'a conversation heard through the wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :HeardAndMcDonaldIslands a :Country . :Hearing :en "hearing" ; :guid "bd58dc32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hear" ; :wnsense "hear1v" ; :wordnet "hear" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of sensory #$Perceivings in which, by means of vibratory sensors, a #$PerceptualAgent #$hears something that is causing (or consisting of) sound waves, and thereby acquires information about it. See also: #$Listening, the subcollection of #$Hearing events in which the aural stimulus is intentionally attended to. For the 'sense of hearing; use 'SenseOfHearing'. SUMO: The subclass of Perception in which the sensing is done by an auditory Organ. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hear' in WordNet: 1. (275) hear - (perceive (sound) via the auditory sense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sound ] . :HearingAcuity :en "hearing acuity" ; a :AttributeValueType, :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HearingAcuity is an AttributeValue of animals, of the type 'SenseOfHearing' specifying the ability to hear sounds, relative to the abilities of the average animal of that species. Its values are intensive values, which are instances of 'HearingAcuity' such as 'excellent' 'very good', 'average' 'poor' and 'deaf'. This type may be specialized to specify a hearing ability in a specific frequency range. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :SensoryAbility . :HearingAid :guid "c0d00494-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ear trumpet1n", "hearing aid2n" ; :wordnet "ear trumpet", "hearing aid" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$PhysicalDevices that are used to aid in hearing. NOTE: sense 1 is represented by the subtype Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'hearing aid' in WordNet: 1. hearing aid, deaf-aid - (an electronic device that amplifies sound and is worn to compensate for poor hearing) 2. hearing aid, ear trumpet - (a conical acoustic device formerly used to direct sound to the ear of a hearing-impaired person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisabilityAidEquipment, :SensoryEnhancementDevice-Aural, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hearing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :HearingDirectly :en "hearing directly" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overhearing'' is a ''Hearing'' of ''Speaking'' by someone nearby ('within earshot') rather than listening to a recorded ''Speaking''. What is heard is ''Speaking'' by someone within direct 'earshot'. Needs more detail. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hearing, :Observing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPerceived ] . :Heart :guid "bd58ef0e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "heart" ; :wnsense "heart2n" ; :wordnet "heart" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all hearts. A #$Heart is an #$Organ that pumps blood throughout the body of an #$Animal. SUMO: The Organ that pumps Blood throughout the body. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heart' in WordNet: 2. heart, pump, ticker - (the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body; 'he stood still, his heart thumping wildly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan, :Pump-Generic, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StriatedMuscleTissue ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PumpingBlood ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Heart-TheCard :guid "bf79d34c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "heart" ; :wnsense "heart10n" ; :wordnet "heart" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subcollection of #$PlayingCard that contains all of the cards which are hearts. Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'heart' in WordNet: 10. heart - - (a playing card in the major suit that has one or more red hearts on it; 'he led the queen of hearts'; 'hearts were trumps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingCard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hearts ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :HeartAttack :guid "c0fd63d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heart attack1n" ; :wordnet "heart attack" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PhysiologicalConditionType, and a specialization of #$HeartCondition. #$HeartAttack denotes the collection of all physiological conditions in which some region of the heart muscle is damaged due to an inadequate supply of oxygen. Note that #$HeartAttack is different from #$CardiacArrest, which denotes the collection of all physiological conditions in which the heart has stopped beating or is otherwise unable to pump a quantity of blood sufficient to sustain vital organs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heart attack' in WordNet: 1. heart attack - (a sudden severe instance of abnormal heart function) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOfAnAilment, :HealthEmergency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heart ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :HeartBeat :isaDesignFunctionOf :Heart ; :ldoce "beat" ; :wnsense "beat2n", "heartbeat1n", "pulsation3n", "pulse2n" ; :wordnet "beat", "heartbeat", "pulsation", "pulse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'HeartBeat' is an Action in which the heart of an animal beats once, through a complete cycle of contraction and expansion. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beat' in WordNet: 2. (1) pulse, pulsation, heartbeat, beat - (the rhythmic contraction and expansion of the arteries with each beat of the heart; 'he could feel the beat of her heart') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cycle, :PhysiologicalFunction, :PumpingBlood, :VitalSign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Heart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heart ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HeartBeating :en "beating of the heart", "heart beating", "heartbeating" ; a :GroupType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeartBeating'' is a ''CyclicEventSeries'' in which each 'Cycle' is a ''Heartbeat''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CyclicEventSeries, :PersistentState, :Pulsating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :HeartBeat ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heart ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HeartWrenching :en "heart-wrenching", "heartwrenching" ; :enadj "heart-wrenching" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Grief ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No definitions for 'heart-wrenching' in WN or RHW. Merriam-Webster online: heart-wrenching: very sad """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sad, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sad ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :Heartburn :wnsense "heartburn1n", "pyrosis1n" ; :wordnet "heartburn", "pyrosis" ; a :EventType, :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Heartburn'' is a ''MedicalSymptom'' that is usually caused by some form of acid in the stomach moving to the esophagus. May be a symptom of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heartburn' in WordNet: 1. heartburn, pyrosis - (a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the esophagus); symptomatic of an ulcer or a diaphragmatic hernia or other disorder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, :MedicalSymptom, :PainOrAche, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chest-BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Esophagus ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Heartfelt :isTheOppositeOf :Insincere ; :wnsense "dear3adj", "devout2adj", "earnest2adj", "heartfelt1adj" ; :wordnet "dear", "devout", "earnest", "heartfelt" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Heartfelt'' is an intensive form of 'Sincere' characterizing assertions, especially good wishes, that suggests some degree of sympathy with the Person(s) addressed. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heartfelt' in Wordnet: 1. dear, devout, earnest, heartfelt - (earnest; 'one's dearest wish'; 'devout wishes for their success'; 'heartfelt condolences') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sincere . :Hearth :wnsense "fireside1n", "hearth3n" ; :wordnet "fireside", "hearth" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hearth'' is typically ''Paved'' with some form of ''Brick'', to avoid the risk of having a wood or other combustible floor close to the fire. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hearth' in WordNet: 3. hearth, fireside - (an area near a fireplace (usually paved and extending out into a room); 'they sat on the hearth and warmed themselves before the fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Floor ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fireplace ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Heartland :wnsense "heartland1n" ; :wordnet "heartland" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Heartland'' is the ''CenterOfaGeographicalArea'' (usually a ''Country'') that has some special characteristic that gives it a character (physical or social) different from the remainder of the ''GeographicalArea'', other than its mere location. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heartland' in WordNet: 1. heartland - (the central region of a country or continent; especially a region that is important to a country or to a culture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CenterOfaGeographicalArea . :Hearts a :CardSuitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spades'' is one of the four subtypes of ''CardSuit''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardSuit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Heart-TheCard ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Hearty :isTheAttributeOfSomeThingWithTendencyTo :Affection ; :wnsense "cordial2adj", "hearty1adj" ; :wordnet "cordial", "hearty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an attribute of Actions that exhibit 'Affection''. For People feeling Affectionm us the attribute ''Fond''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'cordial' in Wordnet: 2. cordial, hearty - (showing warm and heartfelt friendliness; 'gave us a cordial reception'; 'a hearty welcome') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cordial . :HeatProductionProcess :guid "be0118b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A heat production process such as condensing, freezing, or oxidation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Emission, :EnergyTransferEvent . :HeatResistant :en "heat resistant", "heat-resistant" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :Combustion, :Melting ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HeatResistant'' is a property of Objects that can be subjected to heating, especially the temperatures reached in a cooking oven, without enduring any damage. This is commonly an attribute of a ceramic object used for cooking, and for some kinds of glass (e.g. 'Pyrex' *TM). No WN sense. Online: 'Heat-resistant': not easily burned or melted 'heat resistant cooking utensils' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resistant . :HeatUnit :wnsense "heat unit1n" ; :wordnet "heat unit" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeatUnit'' is an ''EnergyUnit'' used to measure quantities of 'ThermalEnergy' ('heat'). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'energy unit' in WordNet: 1. work unit, heat unit, energy unit - (a unit of measurement for work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnergyUnit . :Heated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :HeatingProcess ; :wnsense "heated up1adj", "heated1adj", "het up1adj", "het1adj" ; :wordnet "heated", "heated up", "het", "het up" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heated' in Wordnet: 1. (6) heated, heated up, het, het up - (made warm or hot ('het' is a dialectal variant of 'heated'); 'a heated swimming pool'; 'wiped his heated-up face with a large bandana'; 'he was all het up and sweaty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Heath :wnsense "heath1n", "heathland1n" ; :wordnet "heath", "heathland" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Heath'' is an uninhabited ''PlainArea'' where there are some shrubs, but according to WN) not as much Peat as in a 'Moor''. RHW: 1. a tract of open and uncultivated land; wasteland overgrown with shrubs. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heath' in WordNet: 2. heath, heathland - (a tract of level wasteland; uncultivated land with sandy soil and scrubby vegetation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlainArea, :Wasteland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uninhabited ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HeathOrder :en "Heath order" ; :guid "bd58c31a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :HeatingAndCoolingSomething :en "heating followed by cooling" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HeatingAndCoolingSomething'' is a ''Group'' of two sequential actions, being a ''HeatingSomething'' followed by a ''CoolingProcess''. This is the process that is used to cause ''Tempering''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, :ActionOnObject, :BecomingEvent, :HeatingProcess, :OrderedGroup, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stronger ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnnealingGlass ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TemperingSteel ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :HeatingChamber :en "heating chamber" ; :enn "heating chamber" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeatingChamber'' is a ''Chamber'' designed to hold something that is intended to be heated. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chamber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :HeatingDevice :guid "bd58befe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heater1n", "warmer1n" ; :wordnet "heater", "warmer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$HeatingDevice is a device whose primary function (see the predicate #$primaryFunction) is to generate heat to raise the temperature of something else. The thing being heated might be in gaseous form (for example, the air in a room), in liquid form (for example, the water in a pool), or in solid form (for example, food in an oven). A given instance of #$HeatingDevice typically has some energy input, some way of converting that energy to heat, and some way of delivering the heat to the object(s) to be heated. SUMO: A Device whose purpose is Heating something, e.g. electric heaters, heat lamps, ovens, stoves, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heater' in WordNet: 1. (1) heater, warmer - (device that heats water or supplies warmth to a room) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ] . :HeatingElement :guid "bd58be55-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heating element1n" ; :wordnet "heating element" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of focussed heat producing devices. An instance of #$HeatingElement may be a heating coil, stove top burner, Bunsen burner, etc. Heating elements are among the #$physicalParts of many kinds of heating devices, such as #$Ovens, heaters, toasters, #$CoffeeMakers, etc. Some ''HeatingElement''s transmit the heat while beneath the object being heated, but not all. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heating element' in WordNet: 1. heating element - (the component of a heater or range that transforms fuel or electricity into heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingDevice, :PhysicalPartOfObject . :HeatingFood :guid "bd58b9e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HeatingProcess and #$PreparingFoodItem. Each instance of #$HeatingFood is an event in which the temperature of an instance of #$Food is intentionally increased.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingProcess, :PreparingFoodItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FoodObjectType :FoodObject :Food :FoodType ) ] ] . :HeatingOil :guid "bd58a31f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; :wnsense "fuel oil1n", "heating oil1n" ; :wordnet "fuel oil", "heating oil" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of heating oil. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heating oil' in WordNet: 1. fuel oil, heating oil - (a petroleum product used for fuel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombustibleFuelSubstance, :Oil, :PetroleumBasedProduct, :PetroleumProduct-Refined . :HeatingProcess :guid "bd58d2c2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "heat" ; :wnsense "heat1v", "heat4v", "heating1n", "warming1n" ; :wordnet "heat", "heating", "warming" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the generic Event in which something is heated, i.e. the temperature is raised by some external event. This is an ''Event'', not a FunctionalProcess. This type of Event can be caused naturally or by some internal process, such as radiation (the Sun) or a chemical reaction, for which no 'agent' can be meaningfully identified. For heating by agents, the ''Action''s where an agent intentionally heats a PhysicalObject (and/or including some quantity of substance) use the subtype ''HeatingSomething''. CYC; A specialization of #$TemperatureChangingProcess. During each #$HeatingProcess event, the temperature of the #$objectOfStateChange is increased by applying heat to the object. Any instance of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent in which an object temperature is increased is also an instance of this collection. Corresponds to both transitive (sense 1) and intransitive (sense 4) senses of verb 'heat' in WordNet: 1. (12) heat, heat up - (make hot or hotter; 'the sun heats the oceans'; 'heat the water on the stove') 4. heat, hot up, heat up - (gain heat or get hot; 'The room heated up quickly') WN noun 'heating': 1. (4) heating, warming - (the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent, :RaisingaValue, :TemperatureChangingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TemperatureMeasure ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temperature ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TemperatureIncrease ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GettingHotter ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TemperatureIncrease ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ] . :HeatingSomething :en "heating", "heating up", "warming up" ; :wnsense "heat up2v", "heat1v" ; :wordnet "heat", "heat up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HeatingSomething'' is a transitive ''PurposefulAction'' in which an agent does something to cause an Object to increase its temperature. The intransitive 'heating' (a result of this type) is represented by ''GettingHotter'' NOTE that this is for heating objects - for heating substances use the parent ''HeatingProcess''. This can be used if heating a substance is formulated as heating an Object made of that substance, such as heating an ''AirObject''. For heating something in an oven use ''Baking'' and its subtypes such as ''BakingFood''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'heat' in Wordnet: 1. (12) heat, heat up - (make hot or hotter; 'the sun heats the oceans'; 'heat the water on the stove') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, :BecomingEvent, :HeatingProcess, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hotter ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GettingHotter ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :HeatingWater a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HeatingWater'' is a ''HeatingSomething'' in which the 'something' heated is water. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :heats ] . :Heaven :ldoce "heaven" ; :wnsense "Eden1n", "Nirvana1n", "Shangri-la1n", "heaven1n", "heaven2n", "paradise1n", "promised land2n" ; :wordnet "Eden", "Nirvana", "Shangri-la", "heaven", "paradise", "promised land" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Heaven' is a Place that has different interpretations in different religions - so this the the type representing all interpretations of 'heaven'. RHW 'Eden': 2. any delightful region or abode; paradise. NOTE: 'Nirvana' in Buddhism (RHW sense 1) has a different meaning from a typical interpretation of 'heaven' or 'paradise': but RHW sense 3 comes close: a place or state characterized by freedom from or oblivion to pain, worry, and the external world. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'heaven' in WordNet: 1. (1) Eden, paradise, Nirvana, heaven, promised land, Shangri-la - (any place of complete bliss and delight and peace) 2. Heaven - (the abode of God and the angels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MythicalPlace . :Heavenly :pertainsTo :Angel, :GodTheCreator, :Heaven ; :wnsense "celestial2adj", "heavenly1adj" ; :wordnet "celestial", "heavenly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heavenly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) celestial, heavenly - (relating to or inhabiting a divine heaven; 'celestial beings'; 'heavenly hosts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :HeavilyStressedSyllable :en "heavily stressed syllable" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeavilyStressedSyllable'' is a ''StressedSyllable'' having a ''HeavyStress'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StressedSyllable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeavyStress ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HeavingAnObject :guid "bd590ada-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heave2v", "heave6n", "heaving4n" ; :wordnet "heave", "heaving" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The type of actions in which a heavy object is lifted, propelled, or thrown by the force of a body movement. In particular, throwing movements performed with the shoulders or hindquarters, as a horse bucking someone off or a bull tossing someone. (For hurling something using an arm movement, see #$ThrowingAnObject.) NOTE: This CYC type is reinterpreted here only for people; for people, Heaving requires use of ''BothArms''. Animals bucking would be a different type. Corresponds verb sense 2 and noun sense 6 of 'heave' in WordNet: 2. (3) heave - (throw with great effort) WN noun 'heave': 6. heave, heaving - (throwing something heavy (with great effort); 'he gave it a mighty heave'; 'he was not good at heaving passes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Propelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothArms ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :Heavy :isTheOppositeOf :Light-NotHeavy ; :ldoce "heavy" ; :wnsense "heavy1adj" ; :wordnet "heavy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Heavy is an AttributeValue of an Object that has a mass value greater than the typical object of its class. This can be 'heavy' relative to a typical person's ability to pick something up - greater than 20 pounds; or heavy relative to the typical instance of an ObjectType that is modified by the term. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heavy' in WordNet: 1. (32) heavy - (of comparatively great physical weight or density; 'a heavy load'; 'lead is a heavy metal'; 'heavy mahogany furniture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HeavyCream :hasMainComponentSubstance :Butterfat ; :wnsense "heavy cream1n" ; :wordnet "heavy cream" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HeavyCream'' is a ''Cream-Dairy'' with a higher percentage of ''Butterfat''content than regular ''Cream-Dairy''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heavy cream' in WordNet: 1. heavy cream - (contains more than 36% butterfat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cream-Dairy . :HeavyObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeavyObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that is 'Heavy'' in the sense that the average Person will need to exert some effort to lift it. This would be in the range of 20 to 100 pounds of weight. This is not 'heavy' for weight-lifters. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortableObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heavy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HeavyStress :en "heavy stress" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Syllable ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''HeavyStress'' is a ''SyllableStress'' in a word that signifies that the ''Syllable'' is pronounced noticeably louder and longer than a ''Syllable'' with a ''LightStress'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SyllableStress . :HebrewPerson :wnsense "Hebrew2n" ; :wordnet "Hebrew" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people in ancient times who descended from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and practiced an ancient version of ''Judaism''. Ditinct from a modern ''JewishPerson''. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'Hebrew' in RHW: RHW 'Hebrew': 1 a member of the Semitic peoples inhabiting ancient Palestine and claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; an Israelite. This is not identical to a modern 'JewishPerson', though Wordnet does not make a distinction. The difference is not yet formalized other than by making the instances of this type ''DeadPerson''s.. Corresponds to part of (for ancient Hebrews) noun sense 2 of 'Hebrew' in WordNet: 2. Jew, Hebrew, Israelite - (a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeadPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judaism ; owl:onProperty :believes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hebrews ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Hebrews :believes :Judaism ; :en "Hebrews" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ReligiousGroup . :Heck :hasAlternative :WORD_hell ; :wasCreatedBy :EnglishSpeakers ; :wasaSubstituteFor :WORD_hell ; :wnsense "heck1n" ; :wordnet "heck" ; a :Euphemism ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heck' in WordNet: 1. heck - (a euphemism for 'hell'; 'Oh what the heck') """ . :Hectare :wnsense "hectare1n" ; :wordnet "hectare" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A UnitOfMeasure in the metric system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hectare' in WordNet: 1. hectare - ((abbreviated 'ha') a unit of surface area equal to 100 ares (or 10,000 square meters)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AreaMeasure . :HedgeRow :guid "be01143b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hedge1n", "hedgerow1n" ; :wordnet "hedge", "hedgerow" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HedgeRow' has at least three bushes in it. CYC 'Hedge': A group of bushes in a line that have been made to grow together into a single long barrier. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hedgerow' in WordNet: 1. (2) hedge, hedgerow - (a fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarrierObject, :LongAndThinThing, :RowOfObjects, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassingThroughOrBySomething ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bush ; owl:minCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :HedgingAction :wnsense "hedge4v" ; :wordnet "hedge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HedgingAction'' is a 'Precaution'' to reduce the risk of some Action that a Person wants to do. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'hedge' in WordNet: 4. hedge - (minimize loss or risk; 'diversify your financial portfolio to hedge price risks'; 'hedge your bets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvoidanceAction, :DecreaseEvent, :Precaution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonalLoss ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttemptToAvoid ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HedgingTactic ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProbabilityOfLoss ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :HedgingTactic a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HedgingTactic'' is a ''Tactic'' (a ''Plan'') to reduce risk (of any kind) . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Method, :Plan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Safety ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HedgingAction ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Hedonist :wnsense "hedonist1n", "pagan3n", "pleasure seeker1n" ; :wordnet "hedonist", "pagan", "pleasure seeker" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hedonist' in WordNet: 1. hedonist, pagan, pleasure seeker - (someone motivated by desires for sensual pleasures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensualist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PleasantEvent ; owl:onProperty :enjoys ] . :HeeHaw :isEmittedBy :Donkey ; :wnsense "bray1n", "bray1v", "hee-haw1v" ; :wordnet "bray", "hee-haw" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'hee-hawing' ('braying') sound made by a donkey. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hee-haw' in Wordnet: 1. hee-haw, bray - (braying characteristic of donkeys) WN noun 'bray': 1. bray - (the cry of an ass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :Heel :guid "bd58c19a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Foot ; :ldoce "heel" ; :wnsense "heel2n" ; :wordnet "heel" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The lower rear part of the Foot. Cyc: The back area on the bottom of a foot Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heel' in WordNet: 2. (4) heel - (the back part of the human foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Hegemony :wnsense "hegemony1n" ; :wordnet "hegemony" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hegemony'' is a subtype of ''DominatingSomething'' in which some Country or 'social group' exercises a powerful influence over other Countries. For a 'social group' perhaps 'WASPs (White Anglo-Saxon Protestants' in the early 1800's might be considered one such group. In business in the early 1900's perhaps white males. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hegemony' in WordNet: 1. hegemony - (the dominance or leadership of one social group or nation over others; 'the hegemony of a single member state is not incompatible with a genuine confederation'; 'to say they have priority is not to say they have complete hegemony'; 'the consolidation of the United States' hegemony over a new international economic system') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DominatingSomething . :Heh :en "heh" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Heh'' is a ''AudibleSound'' emitted by a ''Chuckle'' action, in which the word 'heh' is emitted, often repeated, as a muted laugh. This may signify that the speaker has gained some kind of advantage over someone, not necessarily present to hear the laugh. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :Height :ldoce "height" ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "height1n", "tallness1n" ; :wordnet "height", "tallness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Height' is the vertical linear dimension of an Object located in a gravitational field. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'height' in WordNet: 1. (15) height, tallness - (the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Size . :hasAttributeType :Height ; :hasEndingTimePoint :Date20071231 ; :hasQuantifier ; :hasStartingTimePoint :Date20070101 ; :hasUnit :meters ; a :Attribute, :TimeSlice . :hasAttributeType :Stature ; :hasEndingTimePoint :Date20071231 ; :hasQuantifier ; :hasStartingTimePoint :Date20070101 ; :hasUnit :meters ; a :Attribute, :TimeSlice . :HeightMeasure :ldoce "height" ; :wnsense "height1n" ; :wordnet "height" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of LengthMeasure specifying the height, which is a length from the bottom to the top of an object that rests on a surface in a gravitational field. See also 'Height': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'height' in WordNet: 1. (15) height, tallness - (the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :Heightened :en "heightened" ; :enadj "heightened" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DecreaseEvent ; :wnsense "intensified1adj" ; :wordnet "intensified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Heightened'' is an attribute of something that has been the object of an ''Intensifying'' Event. This is often used with Mental objects or Feelings, such as Fear, Interest, suspense. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intensified' in Wordnet: 1. intensified - (made more intense; 'the intensified scrutiny of the candidate's background') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Heinous :isMoreIntenseThan :Abominable ; :wnsense "atrocious1n", "heinous1n", "monstrous2n" ; :wordnet "atrocious", "heinous", "monstrous" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Horrible'' is an attribute value of a ''HumanActivity'' that is so cruel to some other person or animal it provokes feelings of ''Revulsion'' in most observers. This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'heinous' and sense 1 of 'atrocious' and sense 2 of 'monstrous' in WordNet: 1. atrocious, flagitious, grievous, heinous, monstrous - (shockingly brutal or cruel; 'murder is an atrocious crime'; 'a grievous offense against morality'; 'a grievous crime'; 'no excess was too monstrous for them to commit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abominable, :Cruel . :Heir :wnsense "heir1n", "heritor1n", "inheritor1n" ; :wordnet "heir", "heritor", "inheritor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Heir'' is an ''Acquirer'' (a ''Person'') that has acquired an ''Inheritance''. This is for an ''Heir'' who **already has** inherited something due to the death of another person. For someone who is **expected** to inherit there should be @ToDo: another type of 'PresumptiveHeir'. NOTE: non-Person agents (Organizations, Groups, animals) who are willed some Assets are not included in this type. When needed, a different subtype of ''Acquirer'' can be created. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'heir' in WordNet (someone who actually has inherited something): in WordNet: 1. (3) heir, inheritor, heritor - (a person who is entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit the estate of another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beneficiary, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InheritingProperty ; owl:onProperty :hasRight ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InheritingProperty ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InheritingProperty ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :HeldInContempt :en "held in contempt" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Respected ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having contempt from most members of the community. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :Helical :wnsense "helical1adj", "turbinate2adj" ; :wordnet "helical", "turbinate" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Helical' is the property of a three-dimensional object that is long and thin like a lne, and winds around an axis to create a shape like a Helix, such as the spring of a bed mattress. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'helical' in WordNet: 1. coiling, helical, spiral, spiraling, volute, voluted, whorled, turbinate - (in the shape of a coil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spiral . :HelicalSpring :ldoce "spring" ; :wnsense "spring3n" ; :wordnet "spring" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Spring-Device that has a 'Helical' shape, like a bedspring. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'spring' in WordNet: 3. (31) spring - (a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed; 'the spring was broken') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoiledObject, :EnergySource, :Spring-Device . :Helicopter :wnsense "helicopter1n" ; :wordnet "helicopter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Helicopter is a specialization of #$RotaryWingAircraft and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$Helicopter is a self-powered mechanical device that hovers in the air using a rotary wing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helicopter' in Wordnet: 1. helicopter, chopper, whirlybird, eggbeater - (an aircraft without wings that obtains its lift from the rotation of overhead blades) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FuelPoweredDevice, :RotaryWingAircraft . :HelicopterLanding a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HelicopterLanding'' is an ''AircraftLanding'' in which the aircraft is a ''Helicopter''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'landing' in WordNet: 3. landing - (the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface); 'the plane made a smooth landing'; 'his landing on his feet was catlike') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArrivingAtAPlace, :Descending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Helicopter ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HelicopterTakeoff :wnsense "takeoff2n" ; :wordnet "takeoff" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HelicopterTakeoff'' is an ''AircraftTakeoff'' inwhich the aircraft is a ''Helicopter''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'takeoff' in WordNet: 2. takeoff - (the initial ascent of an airplane as it becomes airborne) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AircraftTakeoff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Helicopter ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Heliport :guid "c067b7b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heliport1n" ; :wordnet "heliport" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An area specifically designated for the takeoff and landing of helicopters. NOTE: this can be a relatively small area, including spaces on the top of the roof of some buildings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heliport' in WordNet: 1. heliport - (an airport for helicopters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Airport-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Helicopter ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HelicopterTakeoff ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HelicopterLanding ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Helium :hasProtonCount "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "helium1n" ; :wordnet "helium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element with two protons in each nucleus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helium' in Wordnet: 1. (16) helium, He, atomic number 2 - (a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gases; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeliumAtom ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfManyOf ] . :HeliumAtom :en "helium atom" ; :enn "helium atom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "One atom of Hydrogen; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Helium ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :HeliumNucleus :guid "bd58a3d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nucleus2n" ; :wordnet "nucleus" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AtomicNucleus from a Helium atom - when emitted by a radioactive substance it is an ''AlphaRay''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AtomicNucleus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeliumAtom ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proton ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neutron ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Helix :guid "c110c493-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "helix1n" ; :wordnet "helix" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Spiral. This is the collection of all helices, whether spatially-localized or abstract. In each instance of #$Helix, at least one three-dimensional curve has one or more turns about an axis, moving linearly in the general direction parallel to the axis. Thus a helix can fit on the surface of a cylinder. Examples of helices include #$DNAMolecules and the frieze on #$TrajansColumn. This is not necessarily a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helix' in WordNet: 1. helix, spiral - (a curve that lies on the surface of a cylinder or cone and cuts the element at a constant angle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinObject, :SpiralObject, :TwistedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Helical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Hell :en "hades", "hell", "netherworld" ; :wnsense "Hell3n", "Inferno3n", "infernal region1n", "nether region1n", "perdition1n" ; :wordnet "Hell", "Inferno", "infernal region", "nether region", "perdition" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hell'' is a Place that has different interpretations in different religions, but it is generally a place of punishment for bad deeds in one's earthly life, and is ruled (in Christian tradition) by ''Satan'' or some equivalent. @ToDo: This is a type - perhaps should be an instance? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hell' in Wordnet: 3. Hell, perdition, Inferno, infernal region, nether region, pit - ((Christianity) the abode of Satan and the forces of evil; where sinners suffer eternal punishment; 'Hurl'd headlong...To bottomless perdition, there to dwell'- John Milton; 'a demon from the depths of the pit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MythicalPlace . :Hello :en "halloo", "hey" ; :hasComponentElement :WORD_Hello ; :hasStringRepresentation "English 'hello'." ; :wasAuthoredBy :UnidentifiedAuthor1 ; :wnsense "hello1n", "hi1n", "howdy1n" ; :wordnet "hello", "hi", "howdy" ; a :GreetingPhrase ; rdfs:comment """A 'GreetingPhrase' (Group of Words) used when meeting a Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hello' in WordNet: 1. (1) hello, hullo, hi, howdy, how-do-you-do - (an expression of greeting; 'every morning they exchanged polite hellos') """ . :Helm :wnsense "helm1n" ; :wordnet "helm" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Helm'' is the device on a ''Vessel'' (a large ''Boat'' that steers the vessel. It is connected to the ''Rudder'', perhaps through a series of connections or an electrical connection, and may also cotrol other devices for steering a large ship, such as side propellers. This type includes the cabin in which the steering mechanism is located. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helm' in WordNet: 1. (1) helm - (steering mechanism for a vessel; a mechanical device by which a vessel is steered) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :Lever, :SteeringDevice, :VehicleController, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vessel ; owl:onProperty :steers ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SteeringaShip ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vessel ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rudder ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :Helmet :guid "bd58b5a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "helmet1n", "helmet2n" ; :wordnet "helmet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The kind of Hat that is Solid and Hard. This type includes both the helmet worn by soldiers and the one used in sports such as Football. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'helmet' in WordNet: 1. helmet - (armor plate that protects the head) 2. helmet - (a protective headgear made of hard material to resist blows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hat . :Helmsman :wnsense "helmsman1n", "steerer1n", "steersman1n" ; :wordnet "helmsman", "steerer", "steersman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helmsman' in WordNet: 1. helmsman, steersman, steerer - (the person who steers a ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sailor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SteeringaShip ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Helper :wnsense "assistant1n", "help4n", "helper1n", "supporter3n" ; :wordnet "assistant", "help", "helper", "supporter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Helper'' is someone who assists another agent in some way. This is very general. The agent helped can be an Organization or Group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'helper' in WordNet: 1. (1) assistant, helper, help, supporter - (a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose; 'my invaluable assistant'; 'they hired additional help to finish the work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HelpingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Helpful :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :HelpingAnAgent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unhelpful ; :ldoce "helpful" ; :wnsense "helpful1adj", "helpful2adj" ; :wordnet "helpful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of people, situations, or events, or devices that can at least potentially assist an agent to achieve its goals. This is an EvaluativeAttribute, relative to a particular agent or to specific goals. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'helpful' in WordNet: 1. (9) helpful - (providing assistance or serving a useful function) 2. (5) helpful - (of service or assistance; 'a child who is helpful around the house can save the mother many steps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beneficial, :Salient . :HelpingAnAgent :guid "c10067f1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "help" ; :wnsense "abet1v", "aid1n", "aid1v", "assist1v", "assistancwe1n", "help1n", "help1v" ; :wordnet "abet", "aid", "assist", "assistance", "help" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: HelpingAnAgent can include actions such as lending money, helping someone get into a desired position. It is not necessarily direct assistance in performing some Action, but can be any Action to help an Agent achieve some goal of the Agent. The restriction requires that each instance of 'HelpingAnAgent' specify the agent who the Action was intended to help. Incidental beneficiaries are not related by the 'hadAgentHelped' relation. Cyc: A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$HelpingAnAgent is an event in which some agent (see the collection #$Agent) helps another agent, either by doing something that directly benefits that agent, or by preventing something that would harm that agent. Notable specializations of #$HelpingAnAgent include #$RescuingSomeone, #$ReliefOperation, and #$ServiceEvent. NOTE: the term 'abet' is used in COSMO only for 'a Includes Wordnet verb senses 1 of 'help' and 1 of 'assist' and includes noun sense 1 of 'assistance' and noun sense 1 of 'help': in WordNet: 1. (811) help, assist, aid - (give help or assistance; be of service; 'Everyone helped out during the earthquake'; 'Can you help me carry this table?'; 'She never helps around the house') WN noun 'assistance': 1. (28) aid, assist, assistance, help - (the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose; 'he gave me an assist with the housework'; 'could not walk without assistance'; 'rescue party went to their aid'; 'offered his help in unloading') WN verb 'abet' in WordNet: 1. (3) abet - (assist or encourage, usually in some wrongdoing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :HelpingSomethingDoSomething, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GenericAgent ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Helper ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HelpingSomethingDoSomething :eng "assisting", "facilitating", "helping" ; :ldoce "facilitate", "help" ; :wnsense "aid1n", "assist1v", "assistance1n", "ease3v", "facilitate1v", "help1", "help1v" ; :wordnet "aid", "assist", "assistance", "ease", "facilitate", "help" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HelpingSomethingDoSomething' is a broad category of Actions in which some Agent assists an organism, or even an object, to perform some Event or achieve some Goal. This will mostly be used for assistance to people, but cultivating plants or even providing some help to a device to perform its function would be an instance. For helping people, use the more specific 'HelpingAnAgent' and its subtypes. @ToDo: 'facilitation' by a situation is not included: how to represent? perhaps parent property of 'wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent'? Relation to catalyst/catalyze? Situations that help or facilitate or make possible? 'aid' from Omega: examples: Better sewage systems aid in the fight against cholera. Huge projects designed to aid poorer countries can sometimes do more harm than good. His excuse for drinking brandy is that it's said to aid digestion. I believe this fellowship will aid me in all of my academic research pursuits. The services provided aided the patient in reducing his chronic pain syndrome. Omega: wn version=\"2.1\" -> 1,2 omega: aid.01 vn: help-72-1 Includes verb sense 1 of 'help' in WordNet, and sense 1 of 'facilitate' and noun sense 1 of 'help'; these senses require an agent as facilitator. For the instrumental helping or facilitating, use 'wasFacilitatedByInstrument' in WordNet: 1. (811) help, assist, aid - (give help or assistance; be of service; 'Everyone helped out during the earthquake'; Can you help me carry this table?; She never helps around the house) WN 'facilitate' sense 1: 1. (5) facilitate, ease, alleviate - (make easier; 'you could facilitate the process by sharing your knowledge') WN noun 'help': 1. (345) aid, assist, assistance, help - (the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose; 'he gave me an assist with the housework'; 'could not walk without assistance'; 'rescue party went to their aid'; 'offered his help in unloading') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facilitating, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :HelpingaBride a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HelpingaBride'' is the function of a ''Bridesmaid'' and any others who assist a ''Bride'' to prepare for her ''WeddingCeremony''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :HelpingAnAgent, :HelpingSomethingDoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bridesmaid ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :Helpless :wnsense "helpless1adj", "helpless2adj", "helpless3adj" ; :wordnet "helpless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type covers the various senses of 'unable', leaving the sutypes for future expansion. Includes the three adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'unable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) helpless, incapacitated - (lacking in or deprived of strength or power; 'lying ill and helpless'; 'helpless with laughter') 2. (3) helpless, lost - (unable to function; without help) 3. (1) helpless - (unable to manage independently; 'as helpless as a baby') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unable . :HelterSkelter :isTheOppositeOf :Organized ; :wnsense "chaotic1adj", "helter-skelter1adj" ; :wordnet "chaotic", "helter-skelter" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the sense 2 of 'chaotic' in WordNet matches the intended meaning here,but so does the term 'helter-skelter' though sense 2 of 'helter-skelter' in WN seems to require hurried motions, which is not a necessary accompaniment of unorganize Actions or motions; the sense of disorganization of hurried human movements is represented by ''PellMell''. This type characterizes unhurried Actions and movements, while the subattribute ''PellMell'' represents hurried disorganized human movements. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'helter-skelter' in Wordnet: 1. chaotic, helter-skelter - (lacking a visible order or organization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unordered . :Hem :wnsense "hem1n" ; :wordnet "hem" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hem' in WordNet: 1. (3) hem - (lap that forms a cloth border doubled back and stitched down) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FabricObject, :Flap, :LayeredObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sewn ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hemming ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Layer ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Hematite :guid "bf526f15-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasColor :Red ; :hasComponentSubstance :Iron, :Oxygen ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :FerricOxide ; :isaSourceOf :Iron ; :wnsense "haematite1n", "hematite1n" ; :wordnet "haematite", "hematite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hematite' in WordNet: 1. hematite, haematite - (the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IronOre . :Hematologist :guid "c10ae5cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "haematologist1n", "hematologist1n" ; :wordnet "haematologist", "hematologist" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hematologist is a doctor who wpecializes in the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hematologist' in WordNet: 1. hematologist, haematologist - (a doctor who specializes in diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodDisease ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Hemisphere :guid "c0f4898d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hemisphere2n" ; :wordnet "hemisphere" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an abstract shape, not a physical Object. CYC: A specialization of #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing and #$RoundObject. Each instance of #$Hemisphere is half of a sphere, obtainable by slicing a sphere along a great circle. Examples include spatially localized objects (such as the halves of a grapefruit) as well as abstract hemispheres. Contrast with #$GeographicalHemisphere, whose instances are geographical regions and thus not geometrical hemispheres; they are halves of the Earth's _surface_ rather than of the Earth itself. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hemisphere' in WordNet: 2. hemisphere - (half of a sphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoundObject, :ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical, :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sphere ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :Hemming :wnsense "hem1v" ; :wordnet "hem" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """sew, run up, sew together, stitch Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hem' in WordNet: 1. hem - (fold over and sew together to provide with a hem; 'hem my skirt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hem ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Hemoglobin :wnsense "haemoglobin1n", "hemoglobin1n" ; :wordnet "haemoglobin", "hemoglobin" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hemoglobin' in WordNet: 1. (4) hemoglobin, haemoglobin, Hb - (a hemoprotein composed of globin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; function primarily to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues; 'fish have simpler hemoglobin than mammals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protein, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Red ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Hemophilia :guid "c10c2c8f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bleeder's disease1n", "haemophilia1n", "hemophilia1n" ; :wordnet "bleeder's disease", "haemophilia", "hemophilia" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sex-linked hereditary blood defect almost exclusively of males characterized by delayed clotting of the blood and consequent difficulty in controlling bleeding, even after minor injuries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hemophilia' in WordNet: 1. hemophilia, haemophilia, bleeder's disease - (congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodDisease, :GeneticDisorder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bleeding ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Hemostat :guid "bd58a08f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "haemostat1n", "hemostat1n" ; :wordnet "haemostat", "hemostat" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A clamp-like instrument that is used to stop bleeding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hemostat' in WordNet: 1. hemostat, haemostat - (a surgical instrument that stops bleeding by clamping the blood vessel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrippingTool, :NonPoweredDevice, :SurgicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StauchingBleeding ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Hemp a :CanvasType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A fibrous Substance derived from the Hemp plant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hemp' in WordNet: 1. hemp - (a plant fiber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FibrousSubstance, :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cellulose ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HempPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :HempFamily :guid "c0a45c61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$BiologicalFamily of #$Plants within the #$NettleOrder, with #$taxonMembers including the #$BiologicalGenus #$Cannabis and the #$BiologicalSpecies #$HempPlant.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :NettleOrder, :Plant-NonWoody . :HempPlant :guid "bd58a48f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cannabis1n", "hemp2n" ; :wordnet "cannabis", "hemp" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Hemp, or industrial hemp, typically found in the northern hemisphere, is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products. It is one of the fastest growing plants and was one of the first plants to be spun into usable fiber 10,000 years ago. It can be refined into a variety of commercial items including paper, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cannabis' in WordNet: 2. cannabis, hemp - (any plant of the genus Cannabis; a coarse bushy annual with palmate leaves and clusters of small green flowers; yields tough fibers and narcotic drugs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cannabis, :Plant, :TerrestrialOrganism . :Hen :ldoce "hen" ; :wnsense "hen2n" ; :wordnet "hen" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The adult female of any GallinaceousBird. For the adult female Chicken use subtype 'DomesticHen'. Corresponds to part of sense 2 of 'hen' in WordNet, restricted to GallinaceousBirds: in WordNet: 2. (1) hen - (adult female bird) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdultAnimal, :FemaleAnimal, :GallinaceousBird ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:GallinaceousBird :AdultAnimal :FemaleAnimal ) ] . :HenceforthAdverb :en "from now on", "from this time forth", "from this time forward", "in the future" ; :enadv "from now on", "from this time forward", "in the future" ; :wnsense "henceforth1adv", "henceforward1adv" ; :wordnet "henceforth", "henceforward" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Henceforth'' is a type of 'TimeAdverb' meaning that the assertiofollowing occurs after the sentence is spoken, and into the indefinite future. There are several words and phrases that express this meaning (the words are instances): henceforth henceforward from now on from this time forth from this time forward in the future Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'henceforth' in WordNet: 1. (2) henceforth, henceforward - (from this time forth; from now on; 'henceforth she will be known as Mrs. Smith') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeAdverb . :Henna :wnsense "henna1n" ; :wordnet "henna" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Henna'' is a ''HairColoring'' that is also used for temporary dyeing of the skin with decorative patterns, common in India and Indian communities in the USA. RHW 'henna': 1. an Asian shrub or small tree, Lawsonia inermis, of the loosestrife family, having elliptic leaves and fragrant flowers. 2. a reddish-orange dye or cosmetic made from the leaves of this plant. 3. a color midway between red-brown and orange-brown. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'henna' in WordNet: 1. henna - (a reddish brown dye used especially on hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairColoring . :Henry :wnsense "henry1n" ; :wordnet "henry" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI inductance measure. Symbol: H. One Henry is equivalent to one Volt divided by one Ampere per 'OneSecond'. If a current changing at the rate of one Ampere per 'OneSecond' induces an electromotive force of one Volt, the circuit has an inductance of one Henry. Henry = Wb/A = m^2*kg*s^(-2)*A^(-2). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'henry' in Wordnet: 1. henry, H - (a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :HenryFordMuseum :owns :TheLimousineInWhichKennedyWasShot ; :wasCreatedBy :HenryFordMuseum ; a :MuseumOrganization . :HenryFordMuseumInDearbornMichigan :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :HenryFordMuseum ; a :MuseumBuilding . :HensEgg a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The intact ''Egg'' of a ''DomesticHen'', complete with shell after and having been expelled from the bird's body and the surface hardened.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirdsEgg, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticHen ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "9"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Hepatitis :wnsense "hepatitis1n" ; :wordnet "hepatitis" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes viral Hepatitis as well as that caused by toxic substances. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'hepatitis' in WordNet: 1. (1) hepatitis - (inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Inflammation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liver ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Heptagon :guid "bf6b1148-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heptagon1n" ; :wordnet "heptagon" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all seven-sided polygons, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heptagon' in WordNet: 1. heptagon - (a seven-sided polygon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polygon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "7"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasNumberOfSides ] . :HerbPlant :guid "bdf161e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "herb1n", "herbaceous plant1n" ; :wordnet "herb", "herbaceous plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of herb plants (not types). Note that #$Herb-HumanUse is not an #$OrganismClassificationType, though it contains some whole herb plants, since it mostly contains those plant parts which are in fact used by humans. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herb' in Wordnet: 1. (1) herb, herbaceous plant - (a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VascularPlant . :HerbSeasoning :isDerivedFrom :HerbPlant ; :wnsense "herb2n" ; :wordnet "herb" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'herb' in WordNet: 2. (1) herb - (aromatic potherb used in cookery for its savory qualities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HerbPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Herbal :pertainsTo :HerbPlant, :HerbalMedicine ; :wnsense "herbal1adj" ; :wordnet "herbal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'herbal' in Wordnet: 1. herbal - (of or relating to herbs; 'herbal tea, herbal medicine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :HerbalMedicine :en "herbal remedy" ; :enn "herbal remedy" ; :wnsense "herbal medicine1n" ; :wordnet "herbal medicine" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :PharmacyProductType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herbal medicine' in WordNet: 1. herbal medicine - (a medicine made from plants and used to prevent or treat disease or promote health) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumableProduct, :DrugSubstance . :Herbicide :wnsense "herbicide1n", "weed killer1n", "weedkiller1n" ; :wordnet "herbicide", "weed killer", "weedkiller" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Herbicide'' can kill plants, Some are more specific to certain types of plants. This is themost general type, more specifc types can be subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herbicide' in WordNet: 1. herbicide, weedkiller, weed killer - (a chemical agent that destroys plants or inhibits their growth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToxicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :canKill ] . :Herbivore :guid "bd5902f1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "herbivore1n" ; :wordnet "herbivore" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Animal. An animal is an instance of #$Herbivore just in case it is an animal whose natural diet consists exclusively of plants or plant parts. (Thus a horse that was forced or conditioned by humans to eat meat would still be a herbivore, since meat is not part of its natural diet.) Notable specializations of #$Herbivore include the collections #$Ruminant and #$EquineAnimal. COSMO note: SUMO restricts this type to Mammals,but Cyc is broader and COSMO adopts the broader interpretation. SUMO: A plant-eating Mammal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herbivore' in WordNet: 1. herbivore - (any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and other plants; 'horses are herbivores'; 'the sauropod dinosaurs were apparently herbivores') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vegetarian, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Herbivorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Herbivorous :wnsense "carnivorous2adj" ; :wordnet "carnivorous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'herbivorous' in Wordnet: 1. herbivorous - (feeding only on plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Herd :wnsense "herd1n", "herd2n" ; :wordnet "herd" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Herd is a Group of which each component element is a HerdAnimal. Corresponds to noun sense a and part of senses 2 of 'herd' in WordNet, but WordNet sense 2 includes whales, which are not 'herd animals' in the sense used in COSMO. Whale and seal groups will have different names (e.g. 'pod') when required. in WordNet: 1. (5) herd - (a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans) 2. (2) herd - (a group of wild mammals of one species that remain together: antelope or elephants or seals or whales or zebra) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClusterOfAnimals, :GroupOfBeasts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :HerdAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :HerdAnimal :guid "bd5f5651-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BeastType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$Animal; the collection of all large plant-eating animals that travel and graze in social groups. Instances of #$HerdAnimal also belong to #$Herbivore; most instances of #$Ruminant are also instances of #$HerdAnimal.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirBreathingVertebrate, :Herbivore, :NonHumanAnimal . :HerdOfCattle :wnsense "herd1n" ; :wordnet "herd" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HerdOfCattle'' is a ''Group'' of ''DomesticCattle'' that are owned by one owner, usually a ''Rancher'' (which could be a corporation??). Corresponds to *part* (for domestic cattle only) noun sense 1 of 'herd' in WordNet: 1. (5) herd - (a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollectiveAgent, :Herd, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DomesticCattle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Rancher ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ] . :Herder :wnsense "herder2n" ; :wordnet "herder" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for anyone who is tending animals in a field or on a range, not necessarily a 'drover' who is roundig up or driving animals. NOte that a ''Ranch'' is considered a subtype of ''Farm''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'herder' in WordNet: 2. herder, herdsman, drover - (someone who drives a herd) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :UnskilledWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Farm ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FarmAnimal ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :HerdingAnimals :wnsense "herd3v" ; :wordnet "herd" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HerdingAnimals'' is a ''GuidingAMovingObject'' where the thing guided is a Mammal that can be 'herded' (driven in a particular direction) by people or dogs (as are sheep). Most commonly used for Cattle. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'herd' in WordNet: 3. herd - (keep, move, or drive animals; 'Who will be herding the cattle when the cowboy dies?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuidingAMovingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Mammal :AnimalType :GroupOfBeasts :GroupType ) ] ] . :HerdingCattle :wnsense "herd3v" ; :wordnet "herd" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HerdingCattle'' is a ''HerdingAnimals'' where the thing directed is a ''HerdOfCattle'', or sometimes a ''GroupOfHorses'' - what ''Wrangler''s tend). The Person doing this is not always a ''Cowboy'' but that is one of the stereotypical agents of this action. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'herd' in WordNet: 3. herd - (keep, move, or drive animals; 'Who will be herding the cattle when the cowboy dies?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerdingAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :CattleOrHorses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cowboy ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HerdingSheep :en "herding sheep" ; :eng "herding" ; :enn "herding sheep" ; :wnsense "herd3v" ; :wordnet "herd" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HerdingSheep'' is a ''HerdingAnimals'' where the thing directed is a herd of ''Sheep''. Corresponds to part (for sheep) verb sense 3 of 'herd' in WordNet: 3. herd - (keep, move, or drive animals; 'Who will be herding the cattle when the cowboy dies?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerdingAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sheep ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shepherd ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Hereafter :wnsense "hereafter1adv" ; :wordnet "hereafter" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'hereafter' in WordNet: 3. hereafter - (following this in time or order or place; after this; \"hereafter you will no longer receive an allowance\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HenceforthAdverb . :Hereditary :isTheAttributeOfSomethingProducedBy :InheritingGenes ; :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Gene :InheritingGenes :Genetics ) ] ; :wnsense "familial2adj", "genetic1adj", "hereditary1adj", "inherited1adj", "transmissible2adj", "transmitted2adj" ; :wordnet "familial", "genetic", "hereditary", "inherited", "transmissible", "transmitted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hereditary'' is an AttributeValue of traits or qualities or attributes indicating that they were acquired at birth by genetic inheritance (''InheritingGenes''). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hereditary' in WordNet: 1. (2) familial, genetic, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible - (tending to occur among members of a family usually by heredity; 'an inherited disease'; 'familial traits'; 'genetically transmitted features') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Genetic, :Innate . :HereditaryTrait :en "hereditary trait", "inherited ability" ; :wasRealizedByAction :InheritingGenes ; :wnsense "genetic endowment1n", "hereditary pattern1n", "heredity2n", "inheritance3n" ; :wordnet "genetic endowment", "hereditary pattern", "heredity", "inheritance" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HereditaryTrait'' is a BiologicalFunction that is a Capability (an attribute) of some form of life. It is acquired in the PhysiologicalProcess called ''InheritingGenes''. A ''Capability'' is usually 'realized' (''wasRealizedByAction'') by peforming the action that that Capability enables. This most general type of ''HereditaryTrait'' is only realized in the abilty to transmit genes. This type is used (Rev1327) as a parent type of individual ''Capabilities'' but perhaps should be a separate Cabability ('the ability to pass on and inherit genes') COSMO note: A Function is a capability inherent in an Artifact or naturally evolved System, which may be realized in a physical Event or Action. This is a subtype of ''Cability'' and the subtypes represents those ''Capabilities' that are inherited genetically rather than being acquired during development, growth or maturation. The relation between this capability and the actual physical action is 'wasRealizedByAction'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inheritance' and noun sense 2 of 'heredity' in WordNet: 3. inheritance, hereditary pattern - ((genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from the parents) WN noun 'heredity': 2. heredity, genetic endowment - (the total of inherited attributes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalFunction ; owl:disjointWith :AcquiredTrait . :Heritage :wnsense "heritage1n", "heritage2n", "inheritance4n" ; :wordnet "heritage", "inheritance" ; a :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Heritage'' is the ''Custom''s and ''Knowledge'' or other immaterial possessions that are inherited from one's ancestors, not necessarily practised by a large group. @ToDo: relate to ''InheritingSomething'' ?relation to ''Knowledge''?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heritage' in WordNet: 1. (6) heritage - (practices that are handed down from the past by tradition; 'a heritage of freedom') 2. (2) inheritance, heritage - (any attribute or immaterial possession that is inherited from ancestors; 'my only inheritance was my mother's blessing'; 'the world's heritage of knowledge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Custom, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :CulturalPractice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knowledge ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Hermaphrodite :guid "ebdee8ce-9091-41d7-851b-db55fb4a6934" ; :wnsense "androgyne1n", "gynandromorph1n", "hermaphrodite1n", "intersex1n" ; :wordnet "androgyne", "gynandromorph", "hermaphrodite", "intersex" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any plant or animal possessing both male and female reproductive organs, as well as secondary sexual characteristics and functions. NOTE that the WN synset is specifi for people,but this type is broader, including any kind of animal or plant having both male and female organs. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'hermaphrodite' in WordNet: 1. hermaphrodite, intersex, gynandromorph, androgyne, epicine, epicine person - (one having both male and female sexual characteristics and organs; at birth an unambiguous assignment of male or female cannot be made) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism . :Hermetic :en "hermetical", "hermetically sealed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SealingSomething ; :wnsense "hermetic1adj" ; :wordnet "hermetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hermetic'' is the attribute of containers that have been made thotoughy tight and unable to leak fluid in or out, due to being subjected to some careful ''SealingSomething'' Action. This term applies to the seal itself as well as to the container thus sealed. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hermetic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hermetic - (completely sealed; completely airtight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leakproof . :Hermit :wnsense "hermit2n", "recluse1n", "solitary2n", "solitudinarian1n", "troglodyte1n" ; :wordnet "hermit", "recluse", "solitary", "solitudinarian", "troglodyte" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hermit' in WordNet: 2. hermit, recluse, solitary, solitudinarian, troglodyte - (one who lives in solitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individualist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LivingAlone ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Hernia :en "rupture" ; :enn "rupture" ; :guid "bd7c4c4a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hernia1n", "herniation1n" ; :wordnet "hernia", "herniation" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A condition where an organ protrudes through an opening in the tissue. Often occurs in the bowels, the lungs and brain. RHW 'rupture': 4. Pathol. hernia, esp. abdominal hernia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hernia' in WordNet: 1. hernia, herniation - (rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InjuryCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rupturing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Hero :wnsense "hero1n" ; :wordnet "hero" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Man'' renowned (in some circles) for an exceptional deed. The parent type ''GenericHero'' is for both males and females, and this is restricted to males. Coresponds to the male interpretation of noun sense 1 of 'hero' in Wordnet: 1. (19) hero - (a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength; 'RAF pilots were the heroes of the Battle of Britain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericHero, :MalePerson . :Heroic :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Courage ; :isTheOppositeOf :Timid ; :wnsense "heroic3adj", "heroical1adj" ; :wordnet "heroic", "heroical" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone or some deed that is ''Heroic'' is exceptionally ''Courageous''. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'heroic' in Wordnet: 3. (2) heroic, heroical - (having or displaying qualities appropriate for heroes; 'the heroic attack on the beaches of Normandy'; 'heroic explorers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Courageous . :HeroicDeed :en "heroism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HeroicDeed' is any Action that is notable and exceptionally Good (contrast ''EvilDeed''). This does not have to be in military or sports fields, a notable scientific accomplishment requiring great effort that has positive effects on people can also qualify. RHW 'heroism': 2. heroic conduct; courageous action: Pat's returning into the burning building was true heroism. No obvious WN sense for this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extraordinary ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remarkable ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericHero ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Heroin :guid "bfe6acf3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heroin1n" ; :wordnet "heroin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: a white, #$Crystalline, narcotic #$Powder, derived from #$Morphine, formerly used as an #$Analgesic and sedative. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heroin' in WordNet: 1. heroin, diacetylmorphine - (a narcotic that is considered a hard drug; a highly addictive morphine derivative; intravenous injection provides the fastest and most intense rush) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddictiveSubstance, :Alkaloid, :IllegalDrug, :NarcoticDrug, :PsychoactiveAgent, :Stimulant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Morphine ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ] . :Heroine :wnsense "heroine1n" ; :wordnet "heroine" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A woman renowned (in some circles) for an exceptional deed. The parent type ''Hero'' is for both males and females, and this is restricted to females. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heroine' in WordNet: 2. heroine - (a woman possessing heroic qualities or a woman who has performed heroic deeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :GenericHero . :Heron :guid "bd5cb929-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heron2n" ; :wordnet "heron" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'heron' in WordNet: 2. heron - (grey or white wading bird with long neck and long legs and (usually) long bill) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WadingBird, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongNecked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongLegged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Herpes :guid "bf1b7775-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "herpes1n" ; :wordnet "herpes" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herpes' in WordNet: 1. herpes - (viral diseases causing eruptions of the skin or mucous membrane) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ViralInfection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Herpes-Virus ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ] . :Herpes-Virus :guid "bc6dda85-ad94-11d7-96a2-0002b3a84f94" ; :wnsense "herpes virus1n", "herpes2n" ; :wordnet "herpes", "herpes virus" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$DNAVirus and a collection of #$VirusTypes including those that cause #$Herpes, coldsores and chickenpox. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herpes virus' in WordNet: 1. herpes, herpes virus - (any of the animal viruses that cause painful blisters on the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DNAVirus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Herpes ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ] . :HerpesZosterVirus :en "varicella zoster", "varicella zoster virus" ; :wnsense "herpes zoster virus1n", "herpes zoster2n" ; :wordnet "herpes zoster", "herpes zoster virus" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Also called 'varicella zoster virus'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'herpes zoster virus' in WordNet: 1. herpes zoster, herpes zoster virus - (a herpes virus that causes shingles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Herpes-Virus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shingles ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ] . :Herring :guid "bd58bba9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Clupea harangus1n", "herring2n" ; :wordnet "Clupea harangus", "herring" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'herring' in WordNet: 2. herring, Clupea harangus - (commercially important food fish of northern waters of both Atlantic and Pacific) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFish, :Fish . :Herstory :en "herstory" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Herstory'' is a term used by feminists to refer to ''History'', with some undefined perspective with greater emphass on women. RHW 'herstory': history (used esp. in feminist literature and in women's studies as an alternative form to distinguish or emphasize the particular experience of women). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :History . :Hesitant :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Hesitating ; :wnsense "groping1adj", "hesitant2adj" ; :wordnet "groping", "hesitant" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'hesitant' in Wordnet: 2. groping, hesitant - (acting with uncertainty or hesitance or lack of confidence; \"a groping effort to understand\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Hesitating :wnsense "hesitate1v", "hesitation1n", "hesitation2n", "hover1v", "oscillate1v", "vacillate1v", "vacillation1n", "waffle1v", "waver1v", "wavering1n" ; :wordnet "hesitate", "hesitation", "hover", "oscillate", "vacillate", "vacillation", "waffle", "waver", "wavering" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Hesitating'' is a ''Delaying'' includes some degree of being undecided, wavering between doing and not doing something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hesitate' in WordNet: 1. (16) hesitate, waver, waffle - (pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness; 'Authorities hesitate to quote exact figures') WN noun 'hesitation' 1. (4) hesitation, vacillation, wavering - (indecision in speech or action) WN verb 'vacillate;: 1. hover, vibrate, vacillate, oscillate - (be undecided about something; waver between conflicting positions or courses of action; 'He oscillates between accepting the new position and retirement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delaying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uncertainty ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :HeteroPolymer :guid "c0f96310-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of Polymer (substance) which is composed of more than one type of constituent monomer unit. Cyc: The collection of all #$Polymers whose instances are characterized by having more than one type of #$Monomer as #$polymericSubComponents. More specifically, if HET is an instance of #$HeteroPolymer, then there are least two different #$Monomers such that both are #$polymericSubComponents of HET and each is an instance of a different spec of #$Monomer.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polymer . :HeterogeneityAttribute :takesValue :GroupVariation, :Heterogeneous, :Homogeneous ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HeterogeneityAttribute' is an AttributeType pertaining to groups of things. The values of this AttributeType specify the degree of variation the Group has, with respect to either having some AttributeValue or belonging to some type. The values of this AttributeType are instances of the type 'GroupVariation'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupAttribute . :Heterogeneous :isTheOppositeOf :Homogeneous ; :isaValueOf :HeterogeneityAttribute, :PhysicalAttribute ; :wnsense "heterogeneity1n", "heterogeneousness1n", "heterogenous1adj" ; :wordnet "heterogeneity", "heterogeneousness", "heterogenous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Heterogeneous' is an AttributeValue of Objects, Events, and Groups that asserts that different parts (physical part for Objects, temporal part for Events, element for Groups) are of different types from each other. This does not preclude that some of the individual parts are of the same type with other parts, but there should be at least three relevant types implied by this attribute NOTE that the term 'heterogeneity' is included as a synonym. Although the '-ness' forms of attributes can be used to refer to 'states' of things, in the type of usage in COSMO where attributes are asserted with the relation 'hasAttribute' to say that something 'has heterogenity' is indistinguishable from saying 'it has the quality heterogeneous'. If the usage were to be to say 'X *is* heterogeneous', then to say 'X *is* heterogeneity' would be an odd usage, So generally the difference between the base attribute and the '-ness' form depends on the way it is used, indicating that the '-ness' form can have alternative meanings. Here it is considered a synonym of the base attribute form, unless the '-ness' form designates a range of potential attributes of different intensity. RHW 'heterogeneity' : the quality or state of being heterogeneous; composition from dissimilar parts; disparateness. This includes adjective sense 1 of 'heterogeneous'', and noun sense 1 of 'heterogeneity' in WordNet: 1. (5) heterogeneous, heterogenous - (consisting of elements that are not of the same kind or nature; 'the population of the United States is vast and heterogeneous') WN noun 'heterogeneity': 1. heterogeneity, heterogeneousness - (the quality of being diverse and not comparable in kind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HeterogeneousCategory a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """HeterogeneousCategory is a catch-all of classes that subsume other classes of varied basic types. Among other things, it is a mechanism for assigning qualitative adjectives that may apply to more than one basic type (like 'dangerous'), and to provide a parent aggregate Type for some relations. These subtypes may also be defined functionally,and may include entities of different innate character.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual . :Heterosexual :contrastsWith :Homosexual ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :HeterosexualHuman, :Person ; :wnsense "heterosexual1adj" ; :wordnet "heterosexual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Heterosexual'' does not necessarily mean that the person so characterized never has sexual relations with someone of the same sex. This is for the predominant sexual orientation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heterosexual' in Wordnet: 1. heterosexual - (sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HeterosexualHuman :guid "be394609-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heterosexual person1n", "heterosexual1n", "straight person1n", "straight1n" ; :wordnet "heterosexual", "heterosexual person", "straight", "straight person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who are sexually attracted primarily to members of the opposite sex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heterosexual' in WordNet: 1. heterosexual, heterosexual person, straight person, straight - (a heterosexual person; someone having a sexual orientation to persons of the opposite sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole . :Heterotroph :guid "bd590331-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heterotroph1n" ; :wordnet "heterotroph" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Each instance of #$Heterotroph is an organism incapable of manufacturing organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials. All instances of #$Animal are instances of #$Heterotroph, since animals must eat other living things, or parts of living things, in order to get the nutrients they need to live. Other specializations of #$Heterotroph include #$ParasiticOrganism and #$Fungus. Cf. #$Autotroph. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heterotroph' in WordNet: 1. heterotroph - (an organism that depends on complex organic substances for nutrition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism . :Heterotroph-Bacterium :guid "c0768e3c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium that use complex carbon compounds to fulfill their carbon requirements. This type of #$Bacterium can not use #$CarbonDioxide, see #$Autotroph-Bacterium. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium, :Heterotroph . :HexadecimalCharacter :en "hexadecimal character" ; :enn "hexadecimal character" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HexadecimalCharacter'' is an''AbstractCharacter'' that represents one of the 16 characters including the 'Arabic numerals' from 0 to 9, and the letters from 'a' to 'f' (representing numbers 11 to 15). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractCharacter . :Hexagon :guid "bfc117c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hexagon1n" ; :wordnet "hexagon" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all six-sided polygons, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hexagon' in WordNet: 1. hexagon - (a six-sided polygon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polygon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "6"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasNumberOfSides ] . :HexalateralBox :CYC "BoxTheContainer" ; :guid "bd58d05e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "box" ; :wnsense "box1n" ; :wordnet "box" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The unit was created solely as a means of expressing the box-like shape and qualities of instances of its specs. Note that each box is a HexalateralObject, so to be an instance it must be oblong or cubic. Boxes are made from different materials, and come in various sizes, from very small (a few cc in volume) to large boxes used in shipping. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'box' in WordNet: 1. (26) box - (a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid; 'he rummaged through a box of spare parts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Box, :HexalateralObject . :HexalateralObject :guid "c123e501-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$HexalateralObject is an object with a well-defined front, back, left, right, top, and bottom. These sides are considered to be intrinsic to the object and do not vary as the object changes position. Any object which is an instance of two different specs of #$BilateralObject is a #$HexalateralObject as a matter of definition-eg, if an object's front and back can be distinguished and its left side can be distinguished from its right, then it also has a well-defined bottom and top. See also comments for #$BilateralObject and for #$FrontAndBackSidedObject, #$LeftAndRightSidedObject, and #$TopAndBottomSidedObject.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :LeftAndRightSidedObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject . :Hexane :guid "e80f9ca8-4423-41d7-912e-eb7c45ceb84a" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C6H14 ; :wnsense "hexane1n" ; :wordnet "hexane" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hexane' in WordNet: 1. hexane - (a colorless flammable liquid alkane derived from petroleum and used as a solvent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkane, :LiquidSubstance . :Hey :en "hey" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hey'' is a suddenly emitted word directed at someone whose attention one wants to attract - a salutation of sorts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :HeyDay :wnsense "efflorescence1n", "flower3n", "heyday1n", "peak2n", "prime2n" ; :wordnet "efflorescence", "flower", "heyday", "peak", "prime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HeyDay'' is an ''Era'' (a period of time of at least one decade) in the history of some culture or country or GroupOfPeople or Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heyday' in WordNet: 1. (2) flower, prime, peak, heyday, bloom, blossom, efflorescence, flush - (the period of greatest prosperity or productivity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Era . :Hiatus :wnsense "abatement1n", "hiatus1n", "reprieve2n", "respite3n", "suspension4n" ; :wordnet "abatement", "hiatus", "reprieve", "respite", "suspension" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hiatus'' is a ''PersistentState'' during which some ongoing activity is suspended. This is an Event, though the terns used to refer to this type of Event may suggest a time interval, which is not included. The time interval for a ''Hiatus'' or ''Pause'' is represented by ''Intermission''. NOTE the difference between a ''Hiatus'' and the subtype ''Pause'' is not well-defined; during a ''Hiatus'' some other related activities may be ongoing, or the intensity of the defining activity may be uch reduced, whereas a ''Pause'' should be a complete cessation of the defining activity (the action that is Paused). For intentional planned recesses at meetings; time-outs in sports events, or simple rest breaks in any activity, use 'Recess'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hiatus' in WordNet: 1. suspension, respite, reprieve, hiatus, abatement - (an interruption in the intensity or amount of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InterruptingEvent, :PersistentState . :Hibernating :isAnAttributeValueOf :Volcano ; :wnsense "dormant1adj", "hibernating1adj", "torpid2adj" ; :wordnet "dormant", "hibernating", "torpid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes hibernating deep in sleep bears as well as semi-hibernating other animals. Full hibernation might be a subtype. For Plants use ''Dormant-NonGrowing'' Corresponds to part (for animals) of adjective sense 1 of 'hibernating' in Wordnet: 1. dormant, hibernating, torpid - (in a condition of biological rest or suspended animation; 'dormant buds'; 'a hibernating bear'; 'torpid frogs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Hiccup :en "hiccoughing", "hiccuping", "hiccups" ; :guid "bd58a048-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hiccough1n", "hiccough1v", "hiccup1n", "hiccup1v" ; :wordnet "hiccough", "hiccup" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, :RepeatedEventType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hiccup'' is a ''MedicalSymptom'' that can be caused by any of multiple physiological events. In CYC: 'Hiccoughing': The spasmodic inhaling of air. Note that inhaling is a subProcess and thereby cotemporal with this. This is just one hiccoughing event. That they often occur in a series (as do #$Coughing, #$Sneezing, etc) is not yet expressed here. Includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'hiccup' in Wordnet: 1. hiccup, hiccough, singultus - ((usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion; 'how do you cure the hiccups?') WN verb 'hicup': 1. hiccup, hiccough - (breathe spasmodically, and make a sound; 'When you have to hiccup, drink a glass of cold water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InvoluntaryBodyMovement, :MedicalSymptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dizzy ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Hick :guid "bd58b1fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bumpkin1n", "chawbacon1n", "hayseed1n", "hick1n", "rube1n", "yahoo1n", "yokel1n" ; :wordnet "bumpkin", "chawbacon", "hayseed", "hick", "rube", "yahoo", "yokel" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that are provincial, rural, unsophisticated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hick' in WordNet: 1. yokel, rube, hick, yahoo, hayseed, bumpkin, chawbacon - (not very intelligent or interested in culture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rustic . :HickoryTree :guid "bd58d9eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hickory tree1n", "hickory2n" ; :wordnet "hickory", "hickory tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hickory trees provide timber and produce nuts. Their leaves turn yellow in the fall. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hickory tree' in WordNet: 1. hickory, hickory tree - (American hardwood tree bearing edible nuts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeciduousTree . :Hidden :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType :Seeing ; :wnsense "concealed1adj", "hidden1adj", "out of sight1adj" ; :wordnet "concealed", "hidden", "out of sight" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Hidden' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or Event, that cannot be seen with the human eye, from a certain perspective. Things that are obscured (from one vantage point) by other objects are 'Hidden' in this sense, and therefore this Attribute does not imply that some agent intentionally hid the object; for that sense, use subAttribute ''Concealed''. This AttributeValue will be true or not depending on circumstances, such as being in a certain location, so it needs to be interpreted as 'Hidden to some specific person(s)', or from a certain perspective. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hidden' in Wordnet: 1. (7) concealed, hidden, out of sight - (not accessible to view; 'concealed (or hidden) damage'; 'in stormy weather the stars are out of sight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Invisible, :PastParticiple . :Hide :wnsense "fell1n", "hide1n" ; :wordnet "fell", "hide" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hide'' is all or part of an animal's skin that has been removed from the rest of the body, and is a sheet-like Object. It typically has been processed in some way to preserve it from decay, but this type also includes a fresh hide not yet processed. A ''Hide'' typically includes the hair or fur that was on the skin, but does not necessarily have hair on it, as reptile hides are included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hide' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hide, fell - (the dressed skin of an animal (especially a large animal)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSkin, :FreeSheet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Hide-BodyPart :ldoce "hide" ; :wnsense "hide2n" ; :wordnet "hide" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Hide-BodyPart' is an object that is some part of a mammal consisting of the skin and any hairs naturally growing on it; this is a piece of the hide whether or not it is still attached to the animal. For a 'hide' which is the skin of some animal processed to be usable, use 'Pelt' or some other special term such as the substance 'Leather'. May be used by parents to warn children 'I'll tan your hide for that.' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hide' in WordNet: 2. (2) hide, pelt, skin - (body covering of a living animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Hide-and-seek :wnsense "hide-and-seek1n" ; :wordnet "hide-and-seek" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Hide-and-seek' is a game played by young children, in which one (who is 'it') covers the eyes while the others hide, then tries to find the others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hide-and-seek' in WordNet: 1. hide-and-seek, hide and go seek - (a game in which a child covers his eyes while the other players hide then tries to find them) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildsGame . :Hideout :wnsense "den2n", "hideaway1n", "hideout1n" ; :wordnet "den", "hideaway", "hideout" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hideout'' is a ''HidingPlace'' where a Person can hide his/her self from others. This is not just for criminals, but that is the kind of ''Hideout'' (e.g. 'Hole In the Wall' for Butch Cassidy) most often seen in movies - or for spies or other fugitives. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hideout' in WordNet: 1. (3) hideout, hideaway, den - (a hiding place; usually a remote place used by outlaws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HidingPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HidingOneself ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :HidingAnObjectByMovingIt :guid "bd66af2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Distinguished from hiding an object by putting some opaque object over it or in front of it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HidingSomething, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere . :HidingOneself :en "go into hiding", "going into hiding", "hiding", "hiding out" ; :guid "a33281b2-a8e7-41d7-89bf-86b4f1b08804" ; :ldoce "hide" ; :wnsense "hide out1v", "hide2v" ; :wordnet "hide", "hide out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$HidingSomething events in which the performer is also the #$objectHidden; i.e., the collection of events in which one agent hides herself from others. #$HidingOneself events are unusual in one other respect. Instances of #$HidingAnObject, which involve taking steps to obscure an object's location, are typically followed by a static situation during which the object remains hidden. However, instances of #$HidingOneself often persist over the full length of the 'hiding' period, as the agent continues to take or refrain from certain actions in an attempt to remain hidden. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'hide' in WordNet: 2. (6) hide, hide out - (be or go into hiding; keep out of sight, as for protection and safety; 'Probably his horse would be close to where he was hiding'; 'She is hiding out in a cabin in Montana') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HidingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Self ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :HidingPlace :en "hiding" ; :enn "hiding" ; :wnsense "hiding place1n" ; :wordnet "hiding place" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HidingPlace'' is some generic ''Place' (Object or Region) where something of a PhysicalObject can be hidden so that persons (or other animals) who are not informed about it cannot access it. This can be for hiding objects of value (stashing money) or hiding oneself (see subtype ''Hideout'') or for animals such as squirrels to hide food of their young so that other animals cannot find them. The restrictions suggest that a ''HidingPlace'' is suitable for HidingSomething. This notion might better expressed with an explicit relation. NOTE: this type is also referred to as 'hiding' ('he spied at them from hiding') as in RHW: RHW noun 'hiding': 2. a secret refuge or means of concealment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hiding place' in WordNet: 1. (5) hiding place - (a place suitable for hiding something (such as yourself)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HidingSomething ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HidingSomething ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HidingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :HidingSomething :guid "844fce4a-a8dc-41d7-88d7-abdf0c61f804" ; :ldoce "hide" ; :wnsense "conceal1v", "concealing1n", "concealment3n", "hide1v", "hiding1n" ; :wordnet "conceal", "concealing", "concealment", "hide", "hiding" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hiding can be done by moving an object or by covering it with another object. Cyc: A specialization of #$AnimalActivity. In each instance of #$HidingAnObject, one agent hides a physical object from another (or others). 'Hiding' an object means deliberately changing its location with the aim of making its discovery by others unlikely. Note that an object may be hidden by moving it (to a location believed to be obscure), or by moving *other* things so as to obscure its current location (e.g., by covering the object with leaves). For the first sort of case, see #$HidingAnObjectByMovingIt. Also note that the object hidden may be the performer herself, as in a game of hide-and-go-seek (cf. #$HidingOneself). Finally, there is a distinction between the act of #$HidingAnObject and the subsequent state of affairs in which the object remains 'hidden.' The latter is a merely a type of #$Situation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hide' in WordNet: 1. (28) hide, conceal - (prevent from being seen or discovered; 'Muslim women hide their faces'; 'hide the money') WN noun 'hiding': 1. (2) concealment, concealing, hiding - (the activity of keeping something secret) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :Hierarchical :pertainsTo :Administration, :Hierarchy, :Ontology, :SocialSystem ; :wnsense "hierarchal1adj", "hierarchic1adj", "hierarchical1adj" ; :wordnet "hierarchal", "hierarchic", "hierarchical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hierarchical'' can pertain to different senses of ''Hierarchy'', abstract classifications and social strata. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hierarchical' in Wordnet: 1. hierarchical, hierarchal, hierarchic - (classified according to various criteria into successive levels or layers; \"it has been said that only a hierarchical society with a leisure class at the top can produce works of art\"; \"in her hierarchical set of values honesty comes first\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Hierarchy :wnsense "hierarchy1n" ; :wordnet "hierarchy" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hierarchy'' is an abstract mathematical object that can be used to represent relations between entities in the real world. It is usually represented visually as an inverted tree, with a root node at the top and all other nodes connected to the top by links that represent the subsumption relation of parent to daughter node. The interpretation depends on the intended use. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hierarchy' in WordNet: 1. (2) hierarchy - (a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system; 'put honesty first in her hierarchy of values') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedAcyclicGraph, :OrderedGroup . :Hieroglyph :en "hieroglyphs" ; :ennp "hieroglyphs" ; :guid "bd590695-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hieroglyph2n" ; :wordnet "hieroglyph" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMOnote: this type represents a single symbol used in the ''Hieroglphics'' ''WritingSystem''. CYC: pictorial characters used in ancient writing systems, esp. Egyptian. Corresponds to part (for a single symbol) ofnoun sense 2 of 'hieroglyph' in WordNet: 2. hieroglyph, hieroglyphic - (a writing system using picture symbols; used in ancient Egypt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pictograph, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingInHieroglyphs ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Hieroglyphics :en "hieroglyphic writing system", "hieroglyphics", "hieroglyphs" ; :wnsense "hieroglyphic2n" ; :wordnet "hieroglyphic" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hieroglyphics'' is a 'WritingSystem'' that uses Egyptian ''Hieroglyph''s for expressing thoughts and, in some cases, sounds. Corresponds to part (for the writing system, not just a single symbol) of noun sense 2 of 'hieroglyphic' in WordNet: 2. hieroglyph, hieroglyphic - (a writing system using picture symbols; used in ancient Egypt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hieroglyph ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :High :isAnAttributeValueOf :Altitude ; :isTheOppositeOf :Low ; :ldoce "high" ; :wnsense "high2adj" ; :wordnet "high" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of stationary PhysicalObjects that are or whose top is elevated substantially above the local base of the terrain. This will be interpreted relative to the norm for objects of that type. This overlaps somewhat with 'Tall'; but 'tall' is used for non-stationary objects such as people, and is a relative attribute, relating some object to others of its type. For relative highness, use 'Tall'. NOTE that both elevation and extension meanings ar included here. @ToDo: differentiate elevation and extension? NOTE: some intensive attributes lebeled as 'high' are represented explicitly, such as 'HighBodyTemperature', 'HighReflectance', 'HighlyCredible'. For WordNet sense 1 of 'high' see 'HighValued': 1. (149) high - (greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount; 'a high temperature'; 'a high price'; 'the high point of his career'; 'high risks'; 'has high hopes'; 'the river is high'; 'he has a high opinion of himself') RHW ('high) 1. having a great or considerable extent or reach upward or vertically; lofty; tall: a high wall. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'high' in WordNet the sense of measure in 'a foot high' is not part of this type.: in WordNet: 2. (51) high - ((literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like 'knee-high'); 'a high mountain'; 'high ceilings'; 'high buildings'; 'a high forehead'; 'a high incline'; 'a foot high') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :High-Class :isAnAttributeValueOf :HumanActivity, :Person ; :wnsense "high-class1adj", "high-toned1adj" ; :wordnet "high-class", "high-toned" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''High-Class'' characterizes people and their Actions, especially appearance and manners, that is ''Classy'' in a ''SelfConscious'' manner, a style adopted primarily for its effect on other people, rather than simple personal preference. This is an attribute of people who wear ''Upscale'' clothing or accessories, though doing so is not necessary for the attribute. NOTE: the WN gloss adds 'pretentiously' but that is more harsh a characterizaton than is inended by this type of attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-class' in Wordnet: 1. high-class, high-toned - (pretentiously elegant; 'a high-toned restaurant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Classy, :SelfConscious . :High-Level :pertainsTo :Administration, :Hierarchy, :Importance, :Ontology ; :wnsense "high-level1adj", "high-ranking1adj", "upper-level1adj" ; :wordnet "high-level", "high-ranking", "upper-level" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''High-Level'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the upper levels of some form of ''Hierarchy'', whether of abstract objects (as in a Taxonomy or Ontology) or in some hierarchical organization, such as corporate or governmental organizations that have levels of management or administration, or to Actions that are considered to have 'levels' of ''Importance''. These can be differentiated by subAttributes when needed. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-level' in Wordnet: 1. high-level, high-ranking, upper-level - (at an elevated level in rank or importance; 'a high-level official'; 'a high-level corporate briefing'; 'upper-level management') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :High-Profile :en "high-profile" ; :enadj "high-profile" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Salient ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''\"High-Profile\"'' is a term that can characterize people in a ''HighProfile'' position or status, and also of various other things that are very ''Salient'' in their dominant categories. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient . :High-Quality :en "high quality", "high-quality" ; :enadj "high quality", "high-quality" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Superior ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Superiority ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: There is no WN sense of 'high-quality' as an attribute, so this type represents the attribute that is characteristic of something in the state ''Superiority'',but is more intensive than just ''Superior''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Superior . :High-Rise :isAnAttributeValueOf :TallBuilding ; :wnsense "high-rise1adj" ; :wordnet "high-rise" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-rise' in Wordnet: 1. high-rise - (used of buildings of many stories equipped with elevators; tall; 'avenues lined with high-rise apartment buildings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tall . :High-Speed :isAnAttributeValueOf :HighSpeedTraffic ; :wnsense "high-speed1adj" ; :wordnet "high-speed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-speed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) high-speed, high-velocity - (operating at high speed; 'a high-speed food processor'; 'a high-velocity shell') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fast . :High-Tech :isAnAttributeValueOf :HighTechnology ; :wnsense "hi-tech1adj", "high-tech1adj" ; :wordnet "hi-tech", "high-tech" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''High-Tech'' is an attribute of things (Objects, Devices, Methods, Materials, Ideas in general) that are more advance than just ''Advanced-Modern'' and make use of highly advanced technology such as modern electronics with complex transistor arrays or specialized modern materials with improved properties. This term is used mostly with modern electronics, but here it includes advanced materials and designs for high-performance devices.. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'high-tech' in WordNet: 1. high-tech, hi-tech - (resembling or making use of highly advanced technology or devices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advanced-Modern . :High-end :en "high-end" ; :enadj "high-end" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ElectronicDevice ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NO WN sense for this attribute. RHW adjective 'high-end': adj. Informal. being the most expensive and technically sophisticated: high-end stereo equipment. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expensive, :High-Tech . :HighAltitude :wnsense "high-altitude1adj", "high-level2adj" ; :wordnet "high-altitude", "high-level" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighAltitude'' is an ''Altitude'' that is significantly higher (more than three times) than the tallest structure in that particular area - a relative elevation above the local ground level. Fo military operations, this would be an altitude for an airplane so high that local ground-level anitaircraft fire wold not be able to reach it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-altitude' in Wordnet: 1. high-level, high-altitude - (occurring at or from a relative high altitude; 'high-level bombing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altitude . :HighAngleGun :wnsense "high-angle gun1n" ; :wordnet "high-angle gun" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HighAngleGun'' is a military weapon that is used shoots shells at a high angle (greater than 40 deg from the horizontal) NOTE: in WN this is a type of ''Cannon'' but in COSMO a ''Cannon'' must be mounted on a platform and cannot be carried by one Person. The subtype ''MortarGun'' is portable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high-angle gun' in WordNet: 1. high-angle gun - (a cannon that can be fired at a high elevation for relatively short ranges) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gun, :MilitaryWeapon ; owl:disjointWith :Handgun, :Rifle . :HighBackRest a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A relatively high ''BackRest''. This is here to express the notion of 'high-backed' as with chairs and sofas. The ''Tall'' attribute means 'relatively high'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BackRest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tall ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HighBacked :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart :HighBackRest ; :wnsense "high-backed1adj" ; :wordnet "high-backed" ; a :AppearanceType, :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighBacked'' is an Attribute of objects, particularly artifacts, which have a back part higher (''Tall''er) than the average or the typical heiht of that part. This is used mostly for high-backed chairs and sofas Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high-backed' in WordNet: 1. (1) high-backed - (having a high back; 'a high-backed sofa') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HighBloodPressure :takesValue :PressureMeasure ; :wnsense "high blood pressure1n" ; :wordnet "high blood pressure" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighBloodPressure'' is a 'BloodPressure'' that is higher than the normal range, usually adjusted for normal changes of pressure with age. Having this attribute persist is a clear symptom of the ''CardiovascularDisease'' ''Hypertension''. NOTE: Wordnet does not distinguish between the pressure measure and the disease ''Hypertension''. This type is the presssure measure, and the disease is represented as ''Hypertension''; the WN synset used is the same for both COSMO entries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high blood pressure' in WordNet: 1. high blood pressure, hypertension - (a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodPressure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hypertension ; owl:onProperty :isaSymptomOf ] . :HighBodyTemperature :ldoce "fever" ; :wnsense "fever1n" ; :wordnet "fever" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PhysiologicalCondition' in which the internal body temperature is higher than normal. This may be a symptom of an AilmentType, or be due to overexertion. NOTE that this is a symptom of 'Fever' (considered as an ailment type), but symptoms do not always prove the existence of the underlying condition, so one may have a 'HighBodyTemperature' without having a 'Fever' in the ailment sense. For the ailment condition that is a 'Fever' use 'Fever'. Any body in this condition has Attribute 'HighInternalTemperature'. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'fever' in RHW: 2. an abnormally high body temperature. Corresponds to at least part of noun sense 1 of 'fever' in WordNet: 1. (4) fever, febrility, febricity, pyrexia, feverishness - (a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, :Symptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Fever ; owl:onProperty :isaSymptomOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighInternalTemperature ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :HighChair :en "high-chair" ; :wnsense "highchair1n" ; :wordnet "highchair" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chair'' designed for short young children, having a seat on long legs, higher above the floor than in adult chairs, allowing a short child to access the table; it usually also has a built-in tray to hold the child's food directly in front of her/him. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'highchair' in Wordnet: 1. highchair, feeding chair - (a chair for feeding a very young child; has four long legs and a footrest and a detachable tray) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tray ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ] . :HighCrown :en "high crown" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HighCrown'' is a ''HatCrown'' that is taller than the average ''HatCrown''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HatCrown, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :High ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HighFives :wnsense "high-five1n" ; :wordnet "high-five" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighFives'' is a gesture by two people who pat or slap each other's upraised hand, as a symbol of greeting or elation or mutual congratulation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high-five' in WordNet: 1. high-five - (a gesture of greeting or elation; one person's upraised palm slaps the upraised palm of another person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GesturingWithTheHands, :GreetingGesture, :Patting, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoupleOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Palm ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :HighHeelShoe :en "high heel shoe", "high heeled shoe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HighHeelShoe'' is a ''WomansShoe'' having a ''ShoeHighHeel''. Stylish and increases a woman's apparent height. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WomansShoe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShoeHighHeel ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :HighIntelligence :en "high intelligence" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighIntelligence'' is the capability of a Person who has a significantly higher than average level of ''Intelligence'' including the ability to read and communicate (in some form) in a human language. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intelligence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reasoning ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :HighInternalTemperature :hasAttributeType :Temperature ; :hasQuantifier :R_99to120 ; :hasUnit :degreesF ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :HighBodyTemperature ; a :Attribute ; rdfs:comment """'HighInternalTemperature' is an Attribute of type 'Temperature' that may be attributed to an animal body whose temperature is higher than normal. Thus it is 'an abnormally high temperature'. This is therefore a relative, not absolute temperature attribute. This is represented as a range, for humans, with 99F being the lowest and 120F the highest (over that is fatal). """ . :HighPitch :hasQuantifier :HighSoundRange ; :hasSecondElement :HighSoundRange ; a :AudiblePitch . :HighPitched :wnsense "high-pitched1adj", "high4adj" ; :wordnet "high", "high-pitched" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighPitched''is a subattribute of 'Audible' for Sounds that are Audible but have a frequency that sounds 'high' (above 500 cycles per second). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-pitched' in Wordnet: 1. (4) high, high-pitched - (used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Audible . :HighPriority :en "high priority", "top priority" ; a :ProrityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighPriority'' is the highest (top) of three levels of priority (most importance or urgency). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PriorityLevel . :HighPriorityCall :en "high priority call" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HighPriorityCall' is an important ''TelephoneCall'' such as one made in emergencies or one between heads of state. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TelephoneCall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighPriority ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ] . :HighPriorityTask :en "priority", "urgent task" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HighPriorityTask'' is a ''Task'' that has a priority level of ''HighPriority''. his might also be labeled as a 'TimeLimitedTask' or a 'task with a deadlne'. A ''HighPriorityTask'' has a ''Deadline'' but that is not necessarily the 'endingTime' of the task, as it could be completed sooner, or run over and be 'overdue. @ToDo relation between ''Deadline'' and 'ending time'?? A ''HighPriorityTask'' is ''Urgent'' in the sense that there must be some ''Deadline'' for its completion, otherwise it would not have a high priority. Therefore* at any given time point, a ''HighPriorityTask'' will have the attribute value ''AvailableTime'' which will have a positive value of ''NowTillDeadline'' (Difference beween ''Now'' and the ''Deadline'' tme point), until the Deadline has passed. If he task is not completed, a negative vale of ''AvailableTime'' will be the 'Overdue' ''TimeInterval'' (not yet Rev1373 represented). This is a type of Task that can be characterized and referred to as a 'priority' . This corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'priority' in RHW: 4. something given special attention. None ofthe senses of 'priority' in WN seems to refer to this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Task, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighPriority ; owl:onProperty :hasPriority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urgent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AvailableTime ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :HighProfile :wnsense "high profile1n" ; :wordnet "high profile" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high profile' in WordNet: 1. high profile - (a position attracting much attention and publicity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :Status . :HighRank :hasNumericalAbbreviation "high" ; :hasOrderNumber "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; a :OrdinalNumber . :HighReflectance :wnsense "reflective1adj" ; :wordnet "reflective" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """High reflectance is the attribute of an object that reflects most of the EM radiation (in some particular wavelength range) impinging on it. The prototype object having this character for visible light is the mirror. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'reflective' in Wordnet: 2. reflective - (capable of physically reflecting light or sound; 'a reflective surface') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reflectance . :HighRisk :isMoreIntenseThan :Risky ; :wnsense "bad9adj", "high-risk1adj", "risky2adj", "speculative1adj" ; :wordnet "bad", "high-risk", "risky", "speculative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighRisk'' is an intensive form of ''Risky'' that pertains to financial speculation or business ventures. 'high-risk bonds'; 'high-risk derivatives' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'high-risk' in Wordnet: 1. bad, risky, high-risk, speculative - (not financially safe or secure; 'a bad investment'; 'high risk investments'; 'anything that promises to pay too much can't help being risky'; 'speculative business enterprises') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Risky . :HighSchool :guid "bd58ec81-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "high school1n", "highschool1n", "senior high school1n", "senior high1n" ; :wordnet "high school", "highschool", "senior high", "senior high school" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Organization that teaches students at grades level 9 through 12 (in the USA) or equivalent elsewhere. Cyc: the collection of high schools. SUMO: A School which admits students who have graduated from a middle school and which normally covers the ninth through twelfth grades. A HighSchool confers a high school diploma. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high school' in WordNet: 1. (37) senior high school, senior high, high, highschool, high school - (a public secondary school usually including grades 9 through 12; 'he goes to the neighborhood highschool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FourYearSchool, :SecondarySchool . :HighSoundRange :hasLowerLimit "1000"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "20000"^^xsd:float ; a :NumberRange . :HighSpeed :takesValue :SpeedMeasure ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HighSpeed' is used in COSMO as an attribute type, not a measure, but it implies a measure of at least 50 Miles per Hour. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speed . :HighSpeedTraffic :en "high-speed traffic" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighSpeedTraffic'' is vehicular traffic on a ''Superhighway'' that proceeds at speeds greater than 55 miles per hour. @ToDO\" define 'high-speed'??? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Traffic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Superhighway ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :HighTechnology :wnsense "high tech1n", "high technology1n" ; :wordnet "high tech", "high technology" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighTechnology'' is a modern branch of ''Engineering'' that makes use of use of very recent advances in electronics or materials technology or develops even more advanced (more functional, less expensive). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high technology' in WordNet: 1. high technology, high tech - (highly advanced technological development (especially in electronics)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Engineering . :HighValued :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalAttribute ; :ldoce "high" ; :wnsense "high1adj" ; :wordnet "high" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HighValued' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and is applied to values of ''PhysicalAttribute''s that are ordered in some way, such as temperature, IQ, speed, hardness, age. This attribute implies some average or most common value relative to which the property is greater. In some cases in COSMO, such relative attributes are represented directly, as in 'HighBodyTemperature', 'HighReflectance', 'HighlyCredible'. @TODo R1015: The method to relate this attribute to the more specific attributes such as above is not clear. Perhaps such attribute values are subtypes of this one?? Corresponds to *part* of (amount) adjective sense 1 of 'high' in WordNet: 1. (149) high - (greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount; 'a high temperature'; 'a high price'; 'the high point of his career'; 'high risks'; 'has high hopes'; 'the river is high'; 'he has a high opinion of himself') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Higher :en "higher" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalAttribute, :QuantitativeAttributeValue ; :isTheOppositeOf :Lower ; :isaHigherLevelOf :High ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Higher' is An AttributeValue of stationary PhysicalObjects the altitude (in a gravitational field) of whose top is elevated above the altitude of some other object. This relation does not require that the objects be directly above and below each other. This corresponds closely to the relation 'isAbove', but its use is closer to the linguistic comparative form, where one can say 'the higher mountain' and mean 'the mountain that isAbove' the other mountain'. In this usage, it selects from two objects the one that is higher. This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a function in an FOL implementation: it takes a pair of objects and selects the higher one. The word 'higher' has no corresponding sense in WN. Closest non-comparative 'high' sense is: in WordNet: 2. (51) high - ((literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like 'knee-high'); 'a high mountain'; 'high ceilings'; 'high buildings'; 'a high forehead'; 'a high incline'; 'a foot high') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :HigherCognitiveProcess :wnsense "higher cognitive process1n" ; :wordnet "higher cognitive process" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'higher cognitive process' in WordNet: 1. higher cognitive process - (cognitive processes that presuppose the availability of knowledge and put it to use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CognitiveProcess . :HigherEducationInstitution :guid "bda73bd2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$HigherEducationInstitution is a specialization of #$AcademicOrganization. Two important types of #$HigherEducationInstitution are #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution and #$NonDegreeGrantingInstitution. Specs of #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution include #$University, #$College, and #$CollegeInUniversity-DegreeGranting while specs of #$NonDegreeGrantingInstitution include #$CollegeInUniversity-NonDegreeGranting.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcademicOrganization . :HigherEducationManagementEvent a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''AcademicManagementEvent'' is a ''ManagementEvent'' that manages some activities within an ''AcademicOrganization''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcademicManagementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :HigherEducationInstitution ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :AcademicAdministrator ] . :Highest :en "highest" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalAttribute, :QuantitativeAttributeValue ; :isTheOppositeOf :Lowest ; :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute :High ; :isaHigherLevelOf :Higher ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Highest' is An AttributeValue of stationary PhysicalObjects, either: (1) the altitude (in a gravitational field) of whose top is elevated above (has a higher numerical value) the altitude of all other objects of the same type in some region or context; or, (2) for *parts* of 'PhysicalObjects'', whose elevations is greater than the elevation of all other parts of *that object* of which it is a part. This corresponds closely to the relation 'isAbove', but its use is closer to the linguistic superlative form, where one can say 'the highest mountain' referencing all other mountains in some region or in some category. This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a function in an FOL implementation: it takes a Group of objects and selects the highest one. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :HighestPoint a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HighestPoint'' is a ''GeographicalArea'' that has an altitude (elevation) higher than any other point in a larger specific ''GeographicalArea''. This is a PhysicalObject,but there is no need to specify its mass (set to '-1'). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea, :Ground, :HighestThingInaContext, :MajorTerrainFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAltitude ; owl:someValuesFrom :AltitudeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :LocationMeasure :LocationMeasureType :GeographicalArea ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertex ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ] . :HighestThingInaContext :en "the highest" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HighestThingInaContext'' is an entity of a type that in some sense is the 'highest' - for landforms, the elevation,for buildings or people, or other ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'''s the height. The type of thing it is is specified when creating an instance by asserting the 'type' for that instance. or by creating a subtype of this type that is also a subtype of the type of thing of which it is the highest. For example,one could instantiate the \" highest building in New York \" by creating a Group of buildings, and an instance of that group being the 'BuildingsInNewYork' that could serve as the type or parent type for the ''HighestThingInaContext'' in which the context is 'BuildingsInNewYork'. See also ''Asia'' for an example of usage. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :UniqueThingInaContext, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Highest ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Highland :wnsense "elevation4n", "highland1n", "natural elevation1n", "upland1n" ; :wordnet "elevation", "highland", "natural elevation", "upland" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'highland' (this is 'elevated' but not necessarily mountainous in the usual sense, as it includes a plateau and a mesa) in WordNet: 1. highland, upland - (elevated (e.g., mountainous) land) WN noun 'elevation': 4. natural elevation, elevation - (a raised or elevated geological formation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTopographicalFeature, :LargeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeographicallyHigh ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Highlight :wnsense "high spot1n", "highlight1n" ; :wordnet "high spot", "highlight" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Highlight'' is a proper part of a Thing (of any type) that is 'highlighted' in some way (intensity of color, intensity of sound, special characteristics of text, as bold or italic or large type) It should have a 'SalientCharacteristic' Example: ''highlight'' is ''Highlighted'' NOTE that sense 2 of 'highlight' is represented by subtype ''BrightPartOfAnImage''; it is shown here because it is conceptually included, and as a pointer to the subtype. Includes to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'highlght' in WordNet: 1. highlight, high spot - (the most interesting or memorable part; 'the highlight of the tour was our visit to the Vatican') 2. highlight, highlighting - (an area of lightness in a picture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SalientPart . :Highlighting :wnsense "foreground1v", "highlight1v", "play up1v", "spotlight1v" ; :wordnet "foreground", "highlight", "play up", "spotlight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Highlighting'' is an ''EmphasizingSomething'' where what is emphasized is part of an image, and the means of emphasis is to make that part of a lighter shade than the remainder of the image. Prominently used in the 'chiaroscuro' style of painting. Corresponds most closely to verb sense 1 of 'highight' in WordNet, but this is not only to place something in the foreground, this also includes creating a ''Highlight'' of any sort, visual, or oral: in WordNet: 1. (2) foreground, highlight, spotlight, play up - (move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent; 'The introduction highlighted the speaker's distinguished career in linguistics'; 'highlight the passage so that you can find it again when you open the book') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmphasizingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emphasis ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :HighlightingAnImagePart :wnsense "highlight1v" ; :wordnet "highlight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HighlightingAnImagePart'' is a ''Highlighting'' where the thing highlighted is a part of an image (abstract or physical). Prominently used in the 'chiaroscuro' style of painting. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'highight' in WordNet, but this is not only to place something in the foreground, this also includes creating a ''Highlight'' of any sort, visual, or oral: in WordNet: 1. (2) foreground, highlight, spotlight, play up - (move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent; 'The introduction highlighted the speaker's distinguished career in linguistics'; 'highlight the passage so that you can find it again when you open the book') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Highlighting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PartOfAnImage ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrightPartOfAnImage ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :HighlyAccurate :ldoce "exact" ; :wnsense "accurate2adj", "exact2adj", "precise2adj" ; :wordnet "accurate", "exact", "precise" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes elements of both ''Accurate'' (for measurements) and ''Exact'' for images and recordings. Conforming *very* closely to the actual state of what is being represented; a higher degree of conformity than is expressed by the attribute 'Exact'. Of images, recordings, measurements. If a text is ambiguous regarding the degree of precision, the more general term 'Exact' should be used to represent words such as 'accurate', 'exact', precise. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accurate, :Exact . :HighlyCredible :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :LinguisticAssertion ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """HighlyCredible is a very high level of credibility, higher than ''ProbablyTrue'', that leaves only a remote \" possibility that an assertion may be false.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProbablyTrue . :HighlyInfluential :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :AbilityToInfluencePeople ; :wnsense "dominant1adj" ; :wordnet "dominant" ; a :AttributeValueType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HighlyInfluential' is a broad class of attributes of things - animate or inanimate - that have a strong influence on something else. For people controlling people, use ''Dominant''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'dominant' (excluding the part meaning ability to control people represented by ''Dominant'') in WordNet: 1. (51) dominant - (exercising influence or control; 'television plays a dominant role in molding public opinion'; 'the dominant partner in the marriage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, :Influential . :HighlyRespected :en "highly respected" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Despised ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having high respect from most members of the community. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Respected . :HighlyUnusual :isMoreIntenseThan :Unusual ; :ldoce "rare", "singular" ; :wnsense "rare2adj", "rare3adj", "rare4adj", "singular1adj" ; :wordnet "rare", "singular" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HighlyUnusual' is an intensive form of 'Unusual' - unusual to a high degree. NOTE that this sense is neutral with resepct to the kind of thing that is unusual - it can be an unusual instance of a type of obejct, and unusual event, and unusual property for an object. The more specific ways something can be unusual are covered by the types 'Infrequent' and 'HardToFind'. Something that is unusual and also deviating in a surprising way from normal expectations can be termed ''Strange'' or some synonym. This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing ( + Surprising) Astounding Includes adjective senses 2,3, and 4 of 'rare' and sense 1 of 'singular' in WordNet: 2. rare, uncommon - (marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; 'what is so rare as a day in June'-J.R.Lowell; 'a rare skill'; 'an uncommon sense of humor'; 'she was kind to an uncommon degree') 3. (2) rare - - (not widely distributed; 'rare herbs'; 'rare patches of green in the desert') 4. (1) rare, uncommon - (marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; 'what is so rare as a day in June'-J.R.Lowell; 'a rare skill'; 'an uncommon sense of humor'; 'she was kind to an uncommon degree') WN 'singular' 1. (3) remarkable, singular - - (unusual or striking; 'a remarkable sight'; 'such poise is singular in one so young') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unusual . :Highway :guid "bd58d561-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "highway1n" ; :wordnet "highway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Roadway and #$PublicProperty. Each instance of #$Highway is a major road open to public use. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'highway' in WordNet: 1. (13) highway, main road - (a major road for any form of motor transport) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MainRoad . :Hijab :en "al-amira" ; :wnsense "hijab1n" ; :wordnet "hijab" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a head covering worn in public by some Muslim women. Somewhat similar to the head part of a ''NunsHabit''. NOTE: The term al-amira refers to some type of hijab, but the distinction between that and a generic 'hijab' cannot be found. Anyone know? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hijab' in WordNet: 1. hijab - (a headscarf worn by Muslim women; conceals the hair and neck and usually has a face veil that covers the face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garment, :HeadWear, :Headscarf, :ReligiousClothing, :WomensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimWoman ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Hijacker :guid "c0e0828c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "highjacker2n", "hijacker2n" ; :wordnet "highjacker", "hijacker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: People who have engaged in hijacking at some point. Does not include those who are planning hijacking or are otherwise potential, but not yet actual hijackers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hijacker' in WordNet: 2. highjacker, hijacker - (someone who uses force to take over a vehicle (especially an airplane) in order to reach an alternative destination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hijacking ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isamemberOfOrganization ] . :Hijacking :guid "be36c511-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "commandeer1v", "highjack1v", "highjacking1n", "hijack1v", "hijacking1n", "pirate2v" ; :wordnet "commandeer", "highjack", "highjacking", "hijack", "hijacking", "pirate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Interfering. Each instance of #$Hijacking is a hijacking event. For each such event, there is exactly one associated #$TransportationEvent that plays the role of #$tripHijacked in the #$Hijacking. There is also exactly one #$SolidTangibleThing that plays the role of #$transporterHijacked in the #$Hijacking, and that #$SolidTangibleThing is one of the things that plays the role of #$transporter in the Hijacking's associated #$TransportationEvent. In addition, there are one or more #$SocialBeings that play the role of #$hijackerPerpetrator in the #$Hijacking. Each #$Hijacking has two subevents, one in which a #$hijackerPerpetrator of the #$Hijacking wrests control of the #$transporterHijacked from the heretofore-controlling-agent, and a subsequent one in which a #$hijackerPerpetrator of the #$Hijacking controls the #$transporterHijacked. SUMO: An event in which a TransportationDevice is taken by coercion or force by an agent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hijacking' and verb sense 1 of 'hijack' in Wordnet: 1. highjacking, hijacking - (robbery of a traveler or vehicle in transit or seizing control of a vehicle by the use of force) WN verb 'hijack': 1. (2) commandeer, hijack, highjack, pirate - (take arbitrarily or by force; 'The Cubans commandeered the plane and flew it to Miami') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :Crime, :HostileSocialAction, :Interfering, :TransferOfControl, :UnilateralGetting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hijacker ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Threatening ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Hiker :guid "bd6313a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hiker1n" ; :wordnet "hiker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hiker'' i a Person who is performing or often performs ''Hiking''. CYC: The collection of all people who engage in instances of #$HikingEvent as a hobby. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hiker' in WordNet: 1. hiker, tramp, tramper - (a foot traveler; someone who goes on an extended walk (for pleasure)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pedestrian, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hiking ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Hiking :wnsense "hike1n", "hike2v", "hiking1n", "tramp6n" ; :wordnet "hike", "hiking", "tramp" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hiking'' is a long distance ''Walking'' that is performed *mainly* as a form of ''RecreationalActivity'', but is often also be considered as good ''ExercisingEvent''. In this case recreation and exerise are intermingle and the motivations hard to distinguish. The main characteristic of a ''Hiking'' is that it should be at least a mile and be performed in some rural environment, not just a walk inside a residential area. This type is therefore not a subtype of ''WalkingForExercise'', as that type has a different purpose. e.g. 'hiking the Appalachian Trail'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'hike ' in WordNet: 1. (2) hike, hiking, tramp - (a long walk usually for exercise or pleasure; 'she enjoys a hike in her spare time') WN verb 'hike': 2. hike - (walk a long way, as for pleasure or physical exercise; 'We were hiking in Colorado'; 'hike the Rockies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExercisingEvent, :HumanWalkingProcess, :RecreationalActivity, :Tramping . :Hilarious :wnsense "hilarious1adj", "killing1adj", "screaming4adj", "sidesplitting1adj", "uproarious2adj" ; :wordnet "hilarious", "killing", "screaming", "sidesplitting", "uproarious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Hilarious'' is very funny. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hilarious' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hilarious, screaming, uproarious - (marked by or causing boisterous merriment or convulsive laughter; 'hilarious broad comedy'; 'a screaming farce'; 'uproarious stories') WN adj 'sidespltting': 1. killing, sidesplitting - (very funny; 'a killing joke'; 'sidesplitting antics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Funny . :Hill :guid "be0114ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hill" ; :wnsense "hill1n" ; :wordnet "hill" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hill - smaller than a mountain. (but elevations of under 1000 feet are called 'hills' in some places and 'mountains' in others, where higher elevations are absent.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hill' in WordNet: 1. (33) hill - (a local and well-defined elevation of the land; 'they loved to roam the hills of West Virginia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvexTangibleObject, :HillOrMountain . :HillOrMountain :ldoce "hill" ; :wnsense "hill1n" ; :wordnet "hill" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substantially elevated land feature. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, :OutdoorGeographicalObject, :Protrusion, :Slope-Topographical . :Hillside :guid "c0f2b713-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hillside1n" ; :wordnet "hillside" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hillside'' is the PhysicalObject that comprises the 'sde' of a ''Hill'' - but in COSMO the term ''Side'' is for a surface on an Object with distinct sides, and this type includes some depth - at least to the point where a landslide can move the earth within it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hillside' in WordNet: 1. (3) hillside - (the side or slope of a hill) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, :LandTopographicalFeature, :OutdoorObject, :Slope-Topographical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sloped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hill ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Hilly :guid "1e9ebc5c-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :GeographicalRegion ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart :Hill ; :wnsense "cragged1adj", "craggy1adj", "hilly1adj", "mountainous1adj" ; :wordnet "cragged", "craggy", "hilly", "mountainous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$GeographicalRegion consisting of many hills (not flat, not mountainous). Instances have both up and down grades. For a region with a number of mountains,use subtype ''Mountainous''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hilly' in Wordnet: 1. cragged, craggy, hilly, mountainous - (having hills and crags; 'hilly terrain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Himalayas :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :MountainRange . :Hind :pertainsTo :BackSide, :RearOfAnAnimal ; :wnsense "back2adj", "hind1adj", "hinder1adj" ; :wordnet "back", "hind", "hinder" ; a :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hind''is a subAttribute of ''Rear' pertaining to the ''Hind'' part of an Animal. 'broad hind quarters'. Includes of adjective senses 1 of 'hind' in WordNet: 2. (1) back, hind, hinder - (located at or near the back of an animal; 'back (or hind) legs'; 'the hinder part of a carcass') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rear . :Hindi :wasCreatedBy :HindiSpeakers ; :wnsense "Hindi1n" ; :wordnet "Hindi" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hindi' in Wordnet: 1. Hindi - (the most widely spoken of modern Indic vernaculars; spoken mostly in the north of India; along with English it is the official language of India; usually written in Devanagari script) """ . :HindiSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Hindrance :wnsense "difficulty2n", "encumbrance3n", "hinderance1n", "hindrance2n", "hitch6n", "impediment2n", "impedimenta1n", "incumbrance3n", "interference5n", "obstacle1n", "obstructer2n", "obstruction1n", "obstruction3n", "obstruction4n", "obstruction5n", "obstructor2n", "preventative1n", "preventive2n" ; :wordnet "difficulty", "encumbrance", "hinderance", "hindrance", "hitch", "impediment", "impedimenta", "incumbrance", "interference", "obstacle", "obstructer", "obstruction", "obstructor", "preventative", "preventive" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Hindrance' is anything of any type, physical or abstract, object, attribute, or situation, that can make an Action by an agent more difficult (though not necessarily making it impossible). This includes as subtypes physical 'Obstacle' and barriers such as walls, but can include abstract hindrances such as limitations on ability (e.g. illiteracy), lack of money, or lack of permission. Thisis the most general sense of 'hindrance', 'obstruction', 'barrier'. The relation 'hinders' relates a hindrance to the thing it hinders. A 'hindrance' is not necessarily a 'BadThing', as when it hinders something Bad. NOTE: a ''Hindrance'' is mnot always a ''BadThing'' because it may perform a useful function, as with a ''Dam''. This is the most generic sense of 'hindrance', 'obstacle', 'impediment', or 'difficulty', subsuming various more specific types of things that can impede actions, including physical bariers. THe more specific 'obstacle' is also represented as 'Barrier'. NOTE: the 'deterrent' part of sense 1 of 'hindrance' is represented as the subtype''Deterrent''. Includes noun sense 2 of 'hindrance' and noun sense 1 of 'obstacle' and senses 1 of 'impediment' and sense 2 of 'difficulty' in WordNet: WN 'hindrance': 2. hindrance, hinderance, hitch, preventive, preventative, encumbrance, incumbrance, interference - (any obstruction that impedes or is burdensome) WN 'obstacle': 1. (5) obstacle, obstruction - (something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted; 'lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement'; 'the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education'; 'the filibuster was a major obstruction to the success of their plan') WN 'difficulty': 2. (13) difficulty - (a factor causing trouble in achieving a positive result or tending to produce a negative result; 'serious difficulties were encountered in obtaining a pure reagent') WN 'obstruction': 1. (5) obstruction, obstructor, obstructer, impediment, impedimenta - (any structure that makes progress difficult) 3. obstacle, obstruction - (something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted; 'lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement'; 'the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education'; 'the filibuster was a major obstruction to the success of their plan') 4. obstruction - (the act of obstructing; 'obstruction of justice') 5. obstruction - (getting in someone's way) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Goal :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory ) ] ] . :Hindsight :wnsense "hindsight1n" ; :wordnet "hindsight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Hindsight'' is a subtype of ''Understanding'' in which the thing understood is some past event, usually a decision or situation that prompted a decision. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hindsight' in WordNet: 1. hindsight - (understanding the nature of an event after it has happened; 'hindsight is always better than foresight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrictlyMentalEvent, :Understanding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PastEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :InferringaProblemSolution ] . :HinduAvatar :wnsense "avatar2n" ; :wordnet "avatar" ; a :AgentType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """see \"Rebirth\" Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'avatar' in WordNet: 2. avatar - (the manifestation of a Hindu deity (especially Vishnu) in human or superhuman or animal form; 'the Buddha is considered an avatar of the god Vishnu') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HinduDeity . :HinduDeity :wnsense "Hindu deity1n" ; :wordnet "Hindu deity" ; a :AgentType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """There are multiple ''HinduDeity''s, such as Vishnu and Ganesh. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hindu deity' in WordNet: 1. Hindu deity - (a deity worshipped by the Hindus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :God, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HinduPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hinduism ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ] . :HinduPerson :en "Hindu person" ; :guid "c10053ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Hindoo2n", "Hindu2n" ; :wordnet "Hindoo", "Hindu" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all persons who believe in (at least some of) the tenets of a Hindu cult, or who practice Hindu religious rituals, or both. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Hindu' in WordNet: 2. Hindu, Hindoo - (a person who adheres to Hinduism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousPerson . :HinduTemple :en "Hindu temple" ; :enn "Hindu temple" ; :guid "54148f6c-066b-41d8-99e8-c8215266fdb6" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$TempleBuildings dedicated to the religious practices of #$Hinduism.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TempleBuilding . :HinduWoman :en "Hindu woman" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Woman who is a ''HinduPerson''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HinduPerson, :Woman . :Hinduism :hasTopic :Rebirth ; :wnsense "Hindooism1n", "Hindooism2n", "Hinduism1n", "Hinduism2n" ; :wordnet "Hindooism", "Hinduism" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hinduism' in WordNet: 1. Hinduism, Hindooism - (the predominant religion of India; characterized by a caste system and belief in reincarnation) 2. Hinduism, Hindooism - (a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being of many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a desire for liberation from earthly evils) """ . :Hinge :wnsense "flexible joint1n", "hinge1n" ; :wordnet "flexible joint", "hinge" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """May be made of metal (see subtype) or of some other material, including straps like leather. This includes the traditional visible ''Hinge's one sees on almost every ''Door'' but also internal ''Hinge''s that allow attached inserted objects like rods to swivel around their attachment points these could be differentiated by subtypes when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hinge' in WordNet: 1. (3) hinge, flexible joint - (a joint that holds two parts together so that one can swing relative to the other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Joint-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pivot ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swiveling ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Hinged :en "hinged" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart :Hinge ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :HingingAnObject ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hinged'' is an Attribute of objects (notably ''Door''s) that have one or more (usually two or three) ''Hinge''s as parts that flexibly connect the subject PhysicalObject to another so that the connected objects can move relative to each other while staying connected, and can easily reverse the motion. Doors or hinged windows or hinged lids to containers can move on their Hinges relative to the portal ''Frame'' in which they are embedded. (NOTE: 'unhinged' is not the opposite of ''Hinged''). hinged """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HingedObject :en "hinged object" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HingedObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that has been ''Hinged'' (has a 'Hinge'' attached). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hinged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HingingAnObject :wnsense "hinge1v" ; :wordnet "hinge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HingingAnObject'' is an Action in which a ''Hinge'' is attached to one object or to an object pair; in the latter case the object pair typically has the hinge as a means of opening and closing one of the objects, swinging it on the hinge relative to the stationary object. This can be used, e.g., for putting (one or more) ''Hinge''s on a Door (and storing it for later use), or putting a hinge on a cabinet door and attaching the other end to the cabinet body. So there can be one or two objects ''Hinged' in one or two Actions, depending on the intended perspective. RHW verb 'hinge': 6. to furnish with or attach by a hinge or hinges. 7. to attach as if by a hinge. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hinge' in WordNet: 1. hinge - (attach with a hinge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hinge ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hinge ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectFastened ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hinged ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Hint :wnsense "clue1n", "hint1n", "intimation1n" ; :wordnet "clue", "hint", "intimation" ; a :ObjectType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hint' is some ''Information-Content'' suggested though not explicitly communicated by some act of ''Hinting'', or by some observation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hint' in WordNet: 1. (1) hint, intimation, breath - (an indirect suggestion; 'not a breath of scandal ever touched her') WN noun 'clue: 1. (9) hint, clue - (a slight indication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fact ] . :Hinting :en "hinting" ; :wnsense "hint1v", "suggest3v" ; :wordnet "hint", "suggest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hinting'' is a communication that suggests or implies something known to the communicator, but not immediately recalled by the communicatee, who is guessing or trying to recall the thin hinted at. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hint' in WordNet: 1. (7) hint, suggest - (drop a hint; intimate by a hint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :Implying, :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Hint ] . :Hip :guid "bd58e1cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c03b4dc3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAdjacentTo :Waist ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Trunk-BodyCore ; :wnsense "hip1n" ; :wordnet "hip" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Hip (one of two hips) is the part of an animal's body where one leg is joined to the torso. This type is for the whole hip, including but not only the bone structure. In COSMO a Hip is considered as part of the Torso. This is not restricted to people. CYC: The area on the side of the thighs, just below the waist Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hip' in WordNet: 1. (5) hip - (either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trunk-BodyCore ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HipAndRibCage :en "hip and rib cage" ; :enn "hip and rib cage" ; a :PairType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPart, :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RibCage ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hip ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :HipBone :wnsense "hipbone1n", "innominate bone1n" ; :wordnet "hipbone", "innominate bone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hipbone' in WordNet: 1. hipbone, innominate bone - (large flaring bone forming one half of the pelvis; made up of the ilium and ischium and pubis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pelvis ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trunk-BodyCore ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Hippie :guid "bfaabf40-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flower child1n", "hippie1n", "hippy1n", "hipster1n" ; :wordnet "flower child", "hippie", "hippy", "hipster" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This collection includes the members of the Western cultural group which represented a anti-establishment sub-culture advocating e.g. peace. This group was at their hey-day during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hippie' in WordNet: 1. hippie, hippy, hipster, flower child - (someone who rejects the established culture; advocates extreme liberalism in politics and lifestyle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leftist, :NonConformist, :Peacenik, :Reformer . :Hippopotamus :guid "bd58e59e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hippo2n", "hippopotamus1n" ; :wordnet "hippo", "hippopotamus" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hippopotamus' in Wordnet: 1. hippopotamus, hippo, river horse, Hippopotamus amphibius - (massive thick-skinned herbivorous animal living in or around rivers of tropical Africa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Herbivore, :Mammal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :River ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Africa ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ] . :Hired :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :HiringAnAgent ; :wnsense "hired1adj" ; :wordnet "hired" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hired' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hired - (having services engaged for a fee; 'hired hands'; 'a hired gun') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :HiredHand :wnsense "hand2n", "hired hand1n", "hired man1n" ; :wordnet "hand", "hired hand", "hired man" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HiredHand'' is hired and fired at the pleasure of the employer; this is not the kind of formal employee in a large business. But it is not 'gig'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hired hand' in WordNet: 1. hired hand, hand, hired man - (a hired laborer on a farm or ranch; 'the hired hand fixed the railing'; 'a ranch hand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, :ManualLaborer . :Hirer :wnsense "boss2n", "hirer1n" ; :wordnet "boss", "hirer" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The person who makes the agreement with another Person to hire her/him for a job. Not the company. For the Person who actually manages the employee, see ''Boss''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hirer' in WordNet: 1. boss, hirer - (a person responsible for hiring workers; 'the boss hired three more men for the new job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :EmployeeHiring ] . :HiringAnAgent :en "hiring" ; :enn "hiring" ; :ldoce "hire" ; :wnsense "hire2v", "hire3v" ; :wordnet "hire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of hiring an Agent (Person, Organization or Group) to do some work for pay, whether short or long term, or as an employee or contractor. This is merely the union of the specialized cases, to be used when distinction may not be possible. Corresponds to parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'hire' in WordNet, being only the part where a person is hired to perform a service; renting of equipment or real estate or rights is under 'Renting': in WordNet: 2. (1) rent, hire, charter, lease - (hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services) 3. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningaResponsibility, :BusinessEvent, :HelpingAnAgent, :MakingAnAgreement, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHired ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :GroupOfPeople :Person :PersonType ) ] ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HiringSomeoneToDoSomething :EmployeeHiring ) ] . :HiringAndRenting a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'HiringAndRenting' is an instance of both 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' and 'Renting' in which one hires a person with expensive specialized equipment, and rents the use of the equipment for the same period. The protoypical case is the subtype 'HiringaTaxiCab', but heavy equipment operators that supply their own equipment can also be the selling agent in a 'HiringAndRenting'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HiringSomeoneToDoSomething, :Renting . :HiringSomeoneToDoSomething :guid "66dc9a50-58b4-11d7-9cdd-000347a4228d" ; :ldoce "hire" ; :wnsense "engage3v", "hire2v", "hire3v" ; :wordnet "engage", "hire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: for hiring as an employee for more than one specific task (for a salary rather than a lump sum or hourly rate), use the subtype 'EmployeeHiring'. The Agent hired can be an Organization or Group. CYC: A specialization of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$SocialOccurrence and an instance of #$LearnedActivityType. Each instance of #$HiringSomeoneToDoSomething is an event in which one agent hires another agent to perform a service, and in which that service is performed. Do not confuse this collection with either #$ContractingAService or #$ServiceEvent, instances of each of which are always sub-events of instances of #$HiringSomeoneToDoSomething: in an instance of #$HiringSomeoneToDoSomething, the hirer contracts a service and pays for it, and the person hired performs the service and gets paid. Corresponds to parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'hire' in WordNet, being only the part where a person is hired to perform a service; renting of equipment or real estate or rights is under 'Renting': in Wordnet: 1. (33) hire, engage, employ - (engage or hire for work; 'They hired two new secretaries in the department'; 'How many people has she employed?') 2. (1) rent, hire, charter, lease - (hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services) 3. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HiringAnAgent . :HiringaTaxiCab a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'HiringaTaxiCab' is an instance of both 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' and 'Renting' in which one hires the cab driver's services for the duration of the ride, and rents the use of the cab for the same period. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HiringAndRenting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TaxiDriver ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHired ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TaxiCab ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRented ] . :Hispanic :pertainsTo :SpanishSpeakers ; :wnsense "Hispanic1adj", "Latino1adj" ; :wordnet "Hispanic", "Latino" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hispanic'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''SpanishSpeakers'' and things (activities, attributes, locations) associated with ''SpanishSpeakers'', used commonly in the United States about Spanish-speaking people whether in the US or in their own native couintries.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Hispanic' in WordNet: 1. Hispanic, Latino - (related to a Spanish-speaking people or culture; 'the Hispanic population of California is growing rapidly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Hiss :wnsense "hiss1n", "hissing1n", "sibilation1n" ; :wordnet "hiss", "hissing", "sibilation" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hiss'' is a sound produced by steam or a gas escaping from a valve, or that of a snake or some other animals emitting its warning sound. This type of sound is also emitted by people to express disapproval, but doing that is impolite if not intended humorously. When the English letter 's' is pronounced, it also sounds like a short ''Hiss''. NOTE: 'hushing' is a ''Hiss'' produced by people to request others stop speaking; that should be a subtype. But that is usually done with an 'sh' sound.?? omitted for now. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hiss' in WordNet: 1. hiss, hissing, hushing, fizzle, sibilation - (a fricative sound (especially as an expression of disapproval); 'the performers could not be heard over the hissing of the audience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hissing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Hissing :wnsense "hiss1v", "sibilate4v", "siss2v", "sizz2v" ; :wordnet "hiss", "sibilate", "siss", "sizz" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Hissing' is an Event in which some Animal or Device emits a ''Hiss''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hiss' in WordNet: 1. (1) hiss, siss, sizz, sibilate - (make a sharp hissing sound, as if to show disapproval) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hiss ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Historian :wnsense "historian1n", "historiographer1n" ; :wordnet "historian", "historiographer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who is an Expert in History and pursues thestudy of History as an occupation or as an intense interest. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'historian' in WordNet: 1. (20) historian, historiographer - (a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :History ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Historic :wnsense "historic2adj" ; :wordnet "historic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """IMportant because it was he first or the greatest at the tme it appeared in the past ('in history') 'The historic elecion of an African-American to the presidency'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'historic' in WordNet: 2. historic - (important in history; 'the historic first voyage to outer space') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Important . :HistoricTemporalThing :en "historic temporal thing" ; :enn "historic temporal thing" ; :guid "be02c6c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events, people, objects, periods, etc. which are considered to have historical significance. The membership in this collection depends upon time, place, and culture. COSMO note: In Cyc HistoricTemporalThing is a subtype of TemporalThing, but in COSMO TemporalThing is redefined not to include objects, so this category has been reassigned as a subtype of the more general category 'Individual'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Historical :ldoce "historical" ; :pertainsTo :History ; :wnsense "historical1adj" ; :wordnet "historical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance to History in some way; of or pertaining to History. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'historical' in WordNet: 1. (12) historical - (of or relating to the study of history; 'historical scholars'; 'a historical perspective') 3. historic, historical - (belonging to the past; of what is important or famous in the past; 'historic victories'; 'historical (or historic) times'f; 'a historical character') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :HistoricalAccount :isaSynonymOf :HistoricalNarrative ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO term for 'HistoricalNarrative'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :HistoricalEvent :en "historical event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HistoricalEven'' is any Event considered by historians to be worthy of study. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :HistoricalFacts :hasTopic :History ; :ldoce "history" ; :wnsense "history1n", "history2n", "history3n" ; :wordnet "history" ; a :BodyOfAcceptedLore ; rdfs:comment """'HistoricalFacts' is the 'BodyOfAcceptedLore' that represents The set of Events that have occured in the past (relative to some time point) and are accepted as (probably) true by most historians. This might also be termed 'all of history' (or at least, all that the data enteres were willing to add to this element) The distinction between this and 'HistoricalNarrative' (a text) is that this instance includes **all** historical facts, and is not restricted to any time period or subtopic. Of course, at any given time not all historical facts will be entered into a single representation, but this element should contain all of the accepted historical facts that can be represented together within whatever constraints the ontology may be limited by. A subset of these 'HistoricalFacts' would be the lore for some subtype of 'History' as a FieldOfStudy. WordNet senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'history' seem to all refer to the same thing, the distinction being (1) that sense 3 is 'narrative' and that in sense 2, 'history' continues into the future. The difficulty is that a collection of representations of past events is itself a form of 'narrative', though not necesarily in a natural language. in WordNet: 1. (379) history - (the aggregate of past events; 'a critical time in the school's history') 2. (110) history - (the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future; 'all of human history') 3. (81) history, account, chronicle, story - (a record or narrative description of past events; 'a history of France'; 'he gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president'; 'the story of exposure to lead') """ . :HistoricalNarrative :guid "bd588934-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "history" ; :wnsense "chronicle1n", "history3n" ; :wordnet "chronicle", "history" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A narrative intended to convey facts about events. SUMO (HistoricalAccount): A FactualAccount that describes significant events that occurred in the past. COSMO note: the restriction requires that some specific instance of History be the topic of the narrative. The History of anything that changes over time can be reified as an instance of History. Refer also to 'HistoricalFacts', an instance of 'BodyOfAcceptedLore' that is the Lore for the 'History' 'FieldOfStudy'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'history' and sense 1 of 'chronicle' in WordNet: 3. (81) history, account, chronicle, story - (a record or narrative description of past events; 'a history of France'; 'he gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president'; 'the story of exposure to lead') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FactualText, :Narrative, :Record, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :History ] . :HistoricalPeriod :wnsense "historic period1n", "historical period1n", "period3n" ; :wordnet "historic period", "historical period", "period" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HistoricalPeriod'' is a ''TimeInterval'' that Historians may consider worthy of serving as an organizing concept for describing related ''HistoricalEvent''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hisorical period' in WordNet: 3. (157) period, historic period, historical period - (a stage in the history of a culture having a definable place in space and time; 'a novel from the Victorian period') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Era, :EventSeriesPhase, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :History ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HistoricalEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Historically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Historical ; :wnsense "historically1adv" ; :wordnet "historically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Historically'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the assertion is true in some significantpart of past history. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'historically' in WordNet: 1. (6) historically - (throughout history; 'historically they have never coexisted peacefully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :History :ldoce "history" ; :wnsense "history4n" ; :wordnet "history" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FieldOfStudy whose topic is the events that occurred in the past. History may be concerned with any type of Event. the term is most commonly applied to Events in which people participated. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'history' in WordNet: 4. (70) history - (the discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings; 'he teaches Medieval history'; 'history takes the long view') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Humanities . :HitJob :en "hit job", "rubout" ; :wnsense "hit6n" ; :wordnet "hit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HitJob' is a colloquial term for a ''Murder'' performed by someone , usually for a criminal organization, ('underworld syndicate'in wordnet) but possibly for hire by an individual. when performing a ''HitJob'' for a criminal organization, the HitMan is usually a member of that orgaization and does it as part of and in furtherance of their illegal activities. This type can use any weapon, though a ''Firearm'' is the most common. Aslo RHW 'rubout': a murder or assassination. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hit' in WordNet: 6. hit - (a murder carried out by an underworld syndicate; 'it has all the earmarks of a Mafia hit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Murder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContractKiller ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Hitchhiking :en "hitch a ride", "hitching a ride", "thumb a ride", "thumbing a ride" ; :guid "be01fbd3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hitch4v", "hitchhike1v", "thumb1v" ; :wordnet "hitch", "hitchhike", "thumb" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Getting from place to place by accepting rides from other people. This is usually This is for a *succesful* hitchhiking - it includes ''GettingaRide''. If unsuccesful, on can express it as an a*attempted* Hitchhiking''. This is a 'GettingaRide'' by signaling to passing vehicles (usually by sticking out the arm with an upraised thumb) that one wants a ride (for free). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hitchhike' in WordNet: 1. hitchhike, hitch, thumb - (travel by getting free rides from motorists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GettingaRide, :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreeRide ; owl:onProperty :hasThingRequested ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SignalingAction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Travel-TripEvent ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :HittingAnObject :guid "bd588423-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hit" ; :wnsense "hit4v" ; :wordnet "hit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The striking of an object, with your hand or a tool manipulated by your hand (a tennis racket, a hammer, a club, etc.). This is not necessarily forceful - for that use ''PunchingSomething''. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'hit' in WordNet: 4. (176) hit - (deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument; 'He hit her hard in the face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ApplyingAForce, :StrikingAnObjectEvent, :UsingTheHand . :HittingAnOpponent :guid "bd58ebe0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Hitting an opponent with the arms." ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject, :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent, :ViolentAction . :HittingaBaseballWithaBat :wnsense "stroke2v" ; :wordnet "stroke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HittingabaseballWithaBat'' is a ''Whacking' where the thing whacked is a ''BaseballBall'' and the instrument of the ''Whacking'' is a ''BaseballBat''. NOTE that there are baseball players who have stroked a ball with one arm, so 'two arms' is not necessarily the bodypart used (though almost always). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'stroke' and WN verb 'stroke': 2. (1) stroke - (strike a ball with a smooth blow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Whacking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballBall ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Batting ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballPlayer ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballBat ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlyBall ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwingingAtaBaseball ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :HittingaGolfballWithaClub :wnsense "golf shot1n", "golf stroke1n", "stroke2v", "swing7n" ; :wordnet "golf shot", "golf stroke", "stroke", "swing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HittingaGolfballWithaClub'' is a ''Whacking' where the thing whacked is a ''GolfBall'' and the instrument of the ''Whacking'' is a ''GolfClub''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf stroke' and part of sense 2 of verb 'stroke' in WordNet: 1. golf stroke, golf shot, swing - (the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it) WN verb 'stroke': 2. (1) stroke - (strike a ball with a smooth blow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropellingaBall, :Whacking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Golfer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfClub ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfBall ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :HittingaPerson :en "hitting a person" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hitting a Person with some part of the body. this can be gentle or playful as well as violent. This can be part of a game such as football or basketball. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :Hmm :en "hmm" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hmm'' is an 'interjection'. inserted between words or phrases of a spoken sentence, or before answering, suggesting that the speaker is thinking to recall something or perform some inferencing to determne some appropriate answer. RHW: 'hmm' or h'm: (used typically to express thoughtful absorption, hesitation, doubt, or perplexity.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection . :Ho :en "ho" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ho'' is a suddenly emitted word that may be part of a series as one manner of laughing ('Ho, ho, ho!'). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :HoHo :en "ho-ho" ; :isEmittedBy :Person ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'ho-hoing' ('laughing') sound made by people who are amused, similar to ''Haha'' but with a lower pitch. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound, :Laughter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laughing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Hoarder :wnsense "hoarder1n" ; :wordnet "hoarder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hoarder''is a ''Person'' who tends to keep objects of minimal or no value even after s/he no longer has any use for them, a form of compulsive activity distinct from the hobby of collecting things that have some kind of value, or from saving objects for realistically anticipated future use. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'hoarder' in WordNet: 1. hoarder - (a person who accumulates things and hides them away for future use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Owner . :Hoax :wnsense "dupery1n", "fraud3n", "fraudulence3n", "hoax1n", "humbug3n" ; :wordnet "dupery", "fraud", "fraudulence", "hoax", "humbug" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''Hoax'' is a subtype of ''TrickingSomeone'' in which the perpetrator gains some advantage without necessarily causing monetary loss to the agent deceived. This comes in various forms, such lying about one's background or about facts that would encourage others to give the perpetrator something valuable. 'hoax' is used a a verb, but the verb sense corresponding to this meaning is not in Wordnet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hoax' in WordNet: 3. (2) fraud, fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on - (something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TrickingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom :Benefit ] . :Hobbit a :GenericAgent . :Hobby :wnsense "avocation1n", "hobby1n", "pursuit3n", "sideline3n", "spare-time activity1n" ; :wordnet "avocation", "hobby", "pursuit", "sideline", "spare-time activity" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Hobby''is a ''Pastime'' that is pursued on a continuing basis, and has some aspect of continuity or development, as in building a collection or improving some skill that is not part of one's occupation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hobby' in WordNet: 1. (2) avocation, by-line, hobby, pursuit, sideline, spare-time activity - (an auxiliary activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pastime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hobbyist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Hobbyist :guid "bf910be3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hobbyist1n" ; :wordnet "hobbyist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Hobbyist'' is a ''Connoisseur'' who pursues some Activity as a ''Hobby'' rather than as a profession.. The level of skill can vary, but a true Hpbbyist will not be a beginner in the field. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hobbyist' in WordNet: 1. hobbyist - (a person who pursues an activity in their spare time for pleasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connoisseur, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hobby ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Hobo :wnsense "bum2n", "hobo1n", "tramp1n" ; :wordnet "bum", "hobo", "tramp" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A homeless ''Drifter'' usually having an unkempt appearance and considered as of low moral character (vagabonds, bums, hoboes). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hobo' in Wordnet: 1. tramp, hobo, bum - (a disreputable vagrant; 'a homeless tramp'; 'he tried to help the really down-and-out bums') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drifter . :Hockey :wnsense "field hockey1n", "hockey1n", "hockey2n", "ice hockey1n" ; :wordnet "field hockey", "hockey", "ice hockey" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the generic ''Hockey'' including both field and ice hockey. NOTE that this is the abstract specification, not an execution of the game, which is an Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hockey' in WordNet: 1. field hockey, hockey - (a game resembling ice hockey that is played on an open field; two opposing teams use curved sticks try to drive a ball into the opponents' net) 2. ice hockey, hockey, hockey game - (a game played on an ice rink by two opposing teams of six skaters each who try to knock a flat round puck into the opponents' goal with angled sticks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport . :Hodgepodge :wnsense "farrago1n", "gallimaufry1n", "hodgepodge1n", "hotchpotch1n", "melange1n", "mingle-mangle1n", "mishmash1n", "oddments1n", "odds and ends1n", "omnium-gatherum1n", "ragbag1n" ; :wordnet "farrago", "gallimaufry", "hodgepodge", "hotchpotch", "melange", "mingle-mangle", "mishmash", "oddments", "odds and ends", "omnium-gatherum", "ragbag" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A Collection of multiple objects that have significant differences in their categories. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hodgepodge' in WordNet: 1. (1) odds and ends, oddments, melange, farrago, ragbag, mishmash, mingle-mangle, hodgepodge, hotchpotch, gallimaufry, omnium-gatherum - (a motley assortment of things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Variety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Curio ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Hoe :wnsense "hoe1n" ; :wordnet "hoe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device which consists of a long handle, and a head having a flat metal blade for moving soil around. verb 'hoe': 1. hoe - (dig with a hoe; 'He is hoeing the flower beds') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hoe' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hoe - (a tool with a flat blade attached at right angles to a long handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GardeningTool, :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoeBlade ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiggingInTheGround ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :HoeBlade a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HoeBlade'' is a small ''MetalPlate'' that is fastened to the end of a pole to constitute a ''Hoe''. Very specialized, because it has a distinctive shape and location. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalPlate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hoe ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectangular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "40"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "15"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :HoistingaFlag :reversesTheEffectOf :Lowering ; :wnsense "hoist3v", "run up2v" ; :wordnet "hoist", "run up" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HoistingaFlag'' is a ''Raising'' Action in which some ''Person''(s) causes a ''Flag'' to move upward (usually supported by a ''Halyard'' supported by a ''Flagpole''), up from 'ground level' (which is the level of whatever object is supporting the Flagpole, which could be a Ship). to a point higher on the Flagpole, which is near the top unless the Flag is being flown at 'half-staff'. Corresponds to part (for a Flag) of verb sense 3 of 'hoist' in WordNet: 3. hoist, run up - (raise; 'hoist the flags'; 'hoist a sail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Raising . :Holder :wnsense "holder1n" ; :wordnet "holder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A large class of Devices whose purpose is to 'hold' something else, i.e. be the instrument of a Keeping. The Holding can be temporary, and does not have to be firm: a Dish is a Holder (for Food). A ''ButtonHole'' is a ''Holder'' for a ''Button''. IN WN a ''Clamp'' is a COSMO note: this may be too broad - for a seat to be a 'holder' seems somewhat abstract. But will be left in for compatibility and it may prove useful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holder' in Wordnet: 1. (23) holder - (a holding device; 'a towel holder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :HoldingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :HolderGripper :guid "c0fbac6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of#$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$HolderGripper is an object that can apply pressure to another object and thereby grip it in such a way that its motion is restricted. NOTE: this includes not only the subtype ''GrippingTool''s that are held in the hands, but ''Vise''s and other Devices designed to hold things in position for them to be modified. Many industrial devices in maufacturing factories will be instances of this. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Holder, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrippingWithHands ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :HolderType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ContainerType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for 'Holders' and 'Containers' and an argument restriction for various relations on container types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. 'Containers' can be artifacts or natural objects.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObjectType . :HoldingAParty :ldoce "hold" ; :wnsense "hold1v" ; :wordnet "hold" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """HoldingAParty is a type of 'HoldingAnEvent'. An Agent (or Group of Agents) Organizes, plans, and manages a 'Party', a social Event The mecessary result of this Action is a 'GatheringTogether' of people. Common uses are 'hold a party' or 'hold a rally' or 'hold a meeting'. For parties, this can be expressed as 'throw' or 'give' as well as 'hold' The 'Host' is considered the main participant, and related by 'hadMainParticipant'. For an Honoree (e.g. at a bithday party). The birthday person at a birthday party would be related by 'hadHonoree'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hold' in WordNet: 1. (1134) hold, throw, have, make, give - (organize or be responsible for; 'hold a reception'; 'have, throw, or make a party'; 'give a course') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoldingAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Party ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Host ] . :HoldingAgainstAttack :ldoce "defend" ; :wnsense "defend3v", "hold23v" ; :wordnet "defend", "hold" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The specific sense of 'Defending' in which some Agent tries to hold a position or defend some place or object against an attack by an opponent in some form of conflict or competition. 'Defending' a goal in a game is an instance. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'defend' and sense 23 of 'hold' in WordNet: 3. (3) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; 'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks') WN cerb 'hold': 23. (13) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; 'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, :Defending . :HoldingAnEvent :ldoce "hold" ; :wnsense "hold1v" ; :wordnet "hold" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HoldingAnEvent' is an Action in which some Agent (or Group of Agents) Organizes, plans, and manages some Event or series of Events where a Group of people attend. The Event organized can be social, as a party, or more formal, such as a lecture, or lecture course. This is the whole complex of Events from the planning stage to the execution and termination. The mecessary result of this Action is a 'GatheringTogether' of people. Common uses are 'hold a party' or 'hold a rally' or 'hold a meeting'. For parties, this can be sxpressed as 'throw' or 'give' as well as 'hold' @ToDO; The Agent that is the principal initiating actor in 'HoldingAnEvent' when the Event is a Social event is a 'Host'. For more formal Events, there is an 'organizer' How to relate theses? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hold' in WordNet: 1. (1134) hold, throw, have, make, give - (organize or be responsible for; 'hold a reception'; 'have, throw, or make a party'; 'give a course') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething, :PreparingForSituation, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :GatheringTogetherOfPeople ] . :HoldingAnObject :en "hold firmly", "hold on to", "holding" ; :guid "bd58d5b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clasp1v", "clasp2n", "cling to1v", "clutch1n", "clutch2v", "grip1n", "grip1v", "hold tight1v", "hold1v" ; :wordnet "clasp", "cling to", "clutch", "grip", "hold", "hold tight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this 'holding' is not necessarily with the hands - it can be with claw or talon or jaws, a forceps, or a noosed rope or any Device that can hold onto an Object. Some force is exerted in HoldingAnObject, whether by supporting an Object against gravity,or by pulling on the object in some direction. CYC: The collection of #$StaticSituations in which some object acts to hold one or more other objects stationary in some reference frame. For example, a nail may hold two boards together, a seat may hold a person in place, a person may hold an object with a hand tool. Note that in another frame of reference the object need not be stationary. For example, one of the subevents of a #$CarryingWhileLocomoting is a #$HoldingAnObject. Thus, although the object is moving it is stationary in relation to the #$transporter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hold' and verb sense 2 of 'clutch' in Wordnet: 1. (6) clasp, clench, clutch, clutches, grasp, grip, hold - (the act of grasping; 'he released his clasp on my arm'; 'he has a strong grip for an old man'; 'she kept a firm hold on the railing') WN verb 'clutch': 2. (1) cling to, hold close, hold tight, clutch - (hold firmly, usually with one's hands; 'She clutched my arm when she got scared') WN verb 'grip': 1. (10) grip - (hold fast or firmly; 'He gripped the steering wheel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent, :TouchingState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingAwayFromSomething ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :HoldingAnObjectInPlace :wnsense "grasp1n", "hold on1v" ; :wordnet "grasp", "hold on" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HoldingAnObjectInPlace'' is a 'HoldingOnToAnObject'' that is intended to prevent an Object from moving in any manner while the object is being modified in some way. This is the characteristic function of a ''Vise'' and similar mounted ''HolderGripper''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoldingOnToAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :prevents ; owl:someValuesFrom :Motion ] . :HoldingDevice :wnsense "holding device1n" ; :wordnet "holding device" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: Unclear how this differs from subtype 'holder'. Perhaps this is for 'holding things still'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holding device' in WordNet: 1. holding device - (a device for holding something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :HoldingOffActing :eng "holding off" ; :wnsense "hold back4v", "hold off1v", "wait2v" ; :wordnet "hold back", "hold off", "wait" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HoldingOffActing'' is a ''Waiting'' in which some IntelligentAgent refrains from performing some Action that has been considered or planned. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'hold off' in WordNet: 2. wait, hold off, hold back - (wait before acting; 'the scientists held off announcing their results until they repeated the experiment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Waiting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureAction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ] . :HoldingOnToAnObject :wnsense "grasp1n", "hold on1v" ; :wordnet "grasp", "hold on" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'HoldingOnToAnObject'' includes ''Touching'' an Object and is a ''SqueezingEvent''. This is the general case of holding something by a applying pressure from at least two sides, including manipulating with the hands, or with hand-held tools or any other kind of tools, and includes just holding things in place (e.g. to be worked by other tools or machinery), or to hold it so as to move it around. This does not require ''UsingTheHand'', though it usually does involve handling in some manner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hold on' in WordNet: 1. (5) grasp, hold on - (hold firmly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ControllingSomething, :SqueezingEvent, :Touching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ] . :HoldingTheStakes a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HoldingTheStakes'' is the ''Keeping'' of the ''Stakes'' on behalf of the people who placed a bet among them. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StakesHolder ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stakes ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :HoldingUpPants a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HoldingUpPants'' is a ''Holding'' in which a pair of ''Trousers'' worn by a person is held in some manner so that they do not fall. This can be done by a belt, suspenders, or the elastic waistband in any kind of ''Pants''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoldingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pants ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PantsFallingDown ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :HoldingWithHand :en "grasping", "gripping" ; :guid "bd58a6de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hold" ; :wnsense "clench2n", "clutch1n", "clutches1n", "grasp4n", "grip1n", "hold1n", "hold3v" ; :wordnet "clench", "clutch", "clutches", "grasp", "grip", "hold" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """When #$HoldingWithHand, the object held is grasped (gripped and held tight), not just supported. In order to hold something one must first grab it. Also one never holds anything forever. Thus it is redundant to state that a holding and a grabbing or releasing are all #$subEvents of some event. #$HoldingWithHand is agnostic as to whether the performer is holding the object with one hand or both. Each 'HoldingWithHand' starts with a 'GrabbingOntoWithHand' subevent (actually, part of the grabbing precedes the holding: @ToDo, this needs to be resolved precisely) For a firm ''HoldingWithHand'' use subtype ''Grasping''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'hold' (for holding in the hand) in WordNet: 3. (434) hold, take hold - (have or hold in one's hands or grip; 'Hold this bowl for a moment, please'; 'A crazy idea took hold of him') WN noun 'grip': 1. (7) clasp, clench, clutch, clutches, grasp, grip, hold - (the act of grasping; 'he released his clasp on my arm'; 'he has a strong grip for an old man'; 'she kept a firm hold on the railing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingSomethingWithTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GrabbingOntoWithHand ] . :Holdings :en "holdings" ; :guid "bd58dc8f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "holding2n" ; :wordnet "holding" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Holdings'' is a ''Group''of ''Possession''s, that are ''PhysicalObject''s, owned by one LegalAgent. The term is used variously, to specify the Objects in the collections of a Museum, or in the collection of some 'collector' who is not a professional. CYC: A collection of groups of objects, tangible or intangible, which have some special financial, scientific, cultural, or educational value. An instance of #$Holdings is a group of objects kept and usually maintained by some agent for their value, or to preserve the objects, or to make them available for public display or use (as in a museum's 'holdings' or a library's 'holdings'). The group-members (see the predicate #$groupMembers) in a group of holdings may or may not be all of a similar type (e.g., books, paintings). An agent's holdings may or may not all be kept in the same location. The individual elements of this Group are each some ''Property'' as is the entire Group. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'holding' in WordNet: 2. property, belongings, holding, material possession - (something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone; 'that hat is my property'; 'he is a man of property';) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Object, :Property, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Property ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Hole :wnsense "hole1n", "hole2n" ; :wordnet "hole" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hole is a region of space located in a PhysicalObject in our universe, usually at the surface of the object, but it can be in the interior (such as holes in a block of Swiss Cheese). Since every Hole is ontologically dependent on its host (i.e., the object in which it is a hole), being a Hole is defined as being a hole in something. The Hole does not contain any part of the Object in which it is a Hole (A 'Hole' that does contain some part of the Object would be a different type of thing - see CavityWithWalls, for one type of such a thing). Note that two Holes may occupy the same region, or part of the same region, without sharing any parts. To be 'locatedAt' a PhysicalObject, the Hole only needs to be within the ConvexHull of the object, not fully surrounded by it. NOTE that the restriction that a Hole cannot contain any part of its host Object is not easily expressible in OWL and needs to be deferred until the FOL version of COSMO is created. The SUMO axiom expressing this exclusion is: (=> (hole ?HOLE ?OBJ) (not (overlapsSpatially ?HOLE ?OBJ))) SUMO: A hole is an immaterial body located at the surface of an Object. Since every Hole is ontologically dependent on its host (i.e., the object in which it is a hole), being a Hole is defined as being a hole in something. Note that two Holes may occupy the same region, or part of the same region, without sharing any parts. Any two hosts of a hole have a common proper part that entirely hosts the hole. A common host of two holes hosts all parts of the sum of those holes. Any object that includes the host of a hole is a host of that hole, unless its parts also include parts of that very hole. Overlapping holes have overlapping hosts. No hole is atomic. Holes are connected with their hosts. No hole can have a proper part that is externally connected with exactly the same things as the hole itself. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'hole' in Wordnet: 1. (12) hole - (an opening into or through something) 2. (9) hole - (an opening deliberately made in or through something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalFeature, :PhysicalSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :HoleInTheGround a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HoleInTheGround is a gap in the surface of the Earth, created by a natural process or an Action; it is a CavityWithWalls, and therefore includes part of the Ground as well as the Cavity. It can be of any size, from a mole's hole in the soil to a large crater or a very deep well. It has a bottom and does not penetrate to the other side of the Earth. It can be long and narrow, such as a ''Gully'' or ''Arroyo'' (i.e. a RiverBed that is uusally dry), or as wide as a meteor crater. For a ''''HoleInTheGround'' that is be deeper (or if horizontal, longer) than the widest width of the opening at ground level,the subtype 'DeepHoleIntheground'' (mine, cave) is used For a ''HoleInTheGround'' that is wider or at least as wide as it is deep, the subtype ''Ditch' (''Gully'', ''Arroyp'', ''Trench'') would be used . NOTE that because this includes part of the PhysicalObject (the ground) it is not a ''Hole'' (the cavity without the object it is in), but is a ''CavityWithWalls''. NOTE that a HoleInTheGround is located at a LandArea - but a Well under the ocean is also located in a WaterArea. The two types of area are not disjoint.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :EarthSurfaceObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandArea ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :HolidayDay :en "holiday day" ; :enn "holiday day" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HolidayDay'' is a ''HolidayTime'' that is a single ''Day'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day, :HolidayTime . :HolidayEvent :guid "bd58a9b5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc Holiday is an action, in SUMO a recurring time interval. We retain the SUMO time interval for the meaning of 'Holiday' and rename the Cyc concept 'HolidayEvent'. Cyc: A specialization of #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$Holiday is an event featuring social celebrations and/or rituals. Instances of #$Holiday typically last for one day (see the constant #$DaysDuration) and typically coincide with some day of the year (see the constant #$CalendarDay). However, some instances of #$Holiday (such as the instances of #$ChanukkahHoliday or #$Oktoberfest-Holiday) last for several days. While instances of #$Holiday are often annual events, they may also be one-time events or scheduled in some other manner. They are also contextual, as different nationalities and ethnic groups celebrate different ones.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence . :HolidayTime :ldoce "holiday" ; :wnsense "holiday2n" ; :wordnet "holiday" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMOnote: In SUMO, Holiday is a time interval, in Cyc an Event. This type is the SUMO time interval. Holiday is the class of time periods, (usually one ''Day'' but can be extended to more than one) that are observed as holidays in a country, culture, or religion. For a ''Holiday'' that is celebrated on a single '''Day'', use subtype ''HolidayDay''. close to RHW 'holiday' sense 1: 1. a day fixed by law or custom on which ordinary business is suspended in commemoration of some event or in honor of some person. Holidays may recur annually on the same date, or they may be moveable, for example, Thanksgiving Day falls on the last 'Thursday' of each November. see ''MovableHliday'' Because it recurs annually, a Holiday is also a 'RecurringTimeInterval'. Most 'holidays' are single days, but not all. This type may extend over more than one day, as with Rosh Hashanah: RHW: Rosh Hashanah a Jewish high holy day that marks the beginning of the Jewish New Year, celebrated on the first and second days of Tishri by Orthodox and Conservative Jews and only on the first day by Reform Jews. Not every Holiday is a Commemoration of an Event, but many are. Includes WordNet 'holiday', but is broader since it can include more than one day: in WordNet: 2. (4) holiday - (a day on which work is suspended by law or custom; 'no mail is delivered on federal holidays'; 'it's a good thing that New Year's was a holiday because everyone had a hangover') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime . :Holistic :pertainsTo :Part-WholeRelation, :Whole ; :wnsense "holistic1adj" ; :wordnet "holistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'holistic' in Wordnet: 1. holistic - (emphasizing the organic or functional relation between parts and the whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Hollow :ldoce "hollow" ; :wnsense "hollow1adj" ; :wordnet "hollow" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject that has a cavity inside of it, large enough that the outer shell is less thick than the diameter of the cavity. To be 'Hollow' the cavity must be at least one-third the diameter of the HollowObject. It is possible for something to have a 'hollow center' when the cavity is smaller than one-third the diamter of the object, because in that case, what is Hollow is the *center* of the object, (considered as a part of the whole object) not the whole object itself. The Cyc dosumentation is appropriate for 'HollowObject' rather than for the attribute: Cyc: The volume of the main cavity in a hollow thing is so big that it takes up a significant portion of the volume of the hollow object when that object is viewed from the outside. An unopened eggshell is considered to be #$Hollow in spite being full of its contents. A sponge would not be considered #$Hollow because no individual cavity is of significant size relative to that of the sponge. *NOTE* that the example of 'hollow cheeks' and the face being 'hollow' does not reflect the literal physical meaning of this type - even though the Wordnet gloss does suggest a meaning which is the same as the intended meaning (having a cavity inside of the object) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hollow' in WordNet: 1. (1) hollow - (not solid; having a space or gap or cavity; 'a hollow wall'; 'a hollow tree'; 'hollow cheeks'; 'his face became gaunter and more hollow with each year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HollowBall :wnsense "ball3n", "globe2n" ; :wordnet "ball", "globe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HollowBall'' is a spheroidal PhysicalObject whose interior part consists of a vacuum or some gaseous substance different from the outer shell. There is no limit on the absolute size, but the interior part must have a diameter greater than half the diameter of the outer part. This includes balloons, the gas container part of dirigibles, soap bubbles, and chewing gum bubbles. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'ball' in Wordnet: 3. (3) ball, globe, orb - (an object with a spherical shape; 'a ball of fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HollowObject, :PhysicalObject, :Spheroid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spheroidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cavity ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :HollowLiquidBall a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HollowLiquidBall'' is a ''HollowBall'' the outer spheroidal ring of which is a liquid or semi-liquid object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HollowBall, :LiquidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spheroidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :HollowObject :guid "cf65d2a0-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: HollowObject is not a subtype of 'CavityWithWalls' because cavity part of a CavityWithWalls is the main part of the Object, whereas the cavity in a HollowObject is *not* part of the HollowObject, but is contained in it. Cyc: The volume of the main cavity in a hollow thing is so big that it takes up a significant portion of the volume of the hollow object when that object is viewed from the outside. An unopened eggshell is considered to be #$Hollow in spite being full of its contents. A sponge would not be considered #$Hollow because no invidual cavity is of significant size relative to that of the sponge.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hollow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Holly :guid "bd58b155-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "holly1n" ; :wordnet "holly" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """May be a Tree or shrub. FOr the Tree use subtpe ''HollyTree''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holly' in WordNet: 1. holly - (any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvergreenPlant . :HollyTree :wnsense "holly1n" ; :wordnet "holly" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specifically for the Tree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holly' in Wordnet: 1. holly - (any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvergreenTree, :Holly, :Tree . :Holmium :guid "bd6ab628-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "67"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ho1n", "holmium1n" ; :wordnet "Ho", "holmium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of holmium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holmiun' in WordNet: 1. holmium, Ho, atomic number 67 - (a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RareEarthElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Holster :guid "c10059a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "holster1n" ; :wordnet "holster" ; a :ClothingType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Devices usually made of fabric or leather, used for carrying firearms. SUMO: A Container for a Pistol. It is generally made of Leather and worn on either the shoulder or the waist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holster' in Wordnet: 1. (5) holster - (a sheath (usually leather) for carrying a handgun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortableCarrier, :SomethingToWear, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handgun ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCarry ] . :Holy :ldoce "holy" ; :wnsense "consecrated2adj", "holy1adj", "sacred3adj", "sanctified1adj" ; :wordnet "consecrated", "holy", "sacred", "sanctified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of Objects or Actions that are believed to belong to, or to have some close association with, a Divinity, and therefore are entitled to great respect or to veneration. There are several other senses of 'holy' and this sense is approximately equivalent to one sense of 'sacred'. Random House Webster 'sacred', sense 2: 2. entitled to veneration or religious respect by association with divinity or divine things; holy. Random House Webster 'holy', sense 5: 5. entitled to worship or veneration as or as if sacred: a holy relic. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'holy' and sense 3 of 'sacred' in WordNet: WN 'holy' 1. holy - (belonging to or derived from or associated with a divine power) WN 'sacred' 3. (1) consecrated, sacred, sanctified - (made or declared or believed to be holy; devoted to a deity or some religious ceremony or use; 'a consecrated church'; 'the sacred mosque'; 'sacred elephants'; 'sacred bread and wine'; 'sanctified wine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HolyCommunion :wnsense "Communion1n", "Holy Communion1n", "sacramental manduction1n" ; :wordnet "Communion", "Holy Communion", "sacramental manduction" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In the Catholic tradition, this is the \" transsubstantiation of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ \". That ceremony is followed by participant taking the bread (these days a small disk 'wafer') and in the Easter rite, also some wine. Taking the wine has resumed to some extent in American congregations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Holy Communion' in WordNet: 1. (4) Communion, Holy Communion, sacramental manduction, manduction - (the act of participating in the celebration of the Eucharist; 'the governor took Communion with the rest of the congregation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sacrament . :HolyMatrimony :wnsense "matrimony2n" ; :wordnet "matrimony" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HolyMatrimony'' is the ''Sacrament'' of Matrimony among Christians, including a blessing by a Priest, that occurs at the same time and including the same components as the civil ceremony of ''\"Marrying''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'matrimony' in WordNet: 2. matrimony - (the ceremony or sacrament of marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sacrament, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeddingCeremony ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :HolyPerson :wnsense "holy person1n" ; :wordnet "holy person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HolyPerson'' is a person (alive or dead) who has some conspicuously deep religious behavior and is informally considered as a ''Saint'' even before s/he has died and been caonized by, e.g. the Roman Catholc Church. One recent example is Mother Theresa. The term is also used loosely to refer to people who are deeply and unselfishly dedicated to some good cause. This type is for people of deep religious conviction, whether alive or dead, who are widely considered as strong candidates for formal recognition as a ''Saint''. ''Saints'' who have died and beenn formally canconized are instances of the subtype ''Saint'' Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'saint' and sense 1 of 'holy person' in WordNet: 1. (3) saint - (a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization) 2. (2) saint, holy man, holy person, angel - (person of exceptional holiness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousFigure, :ReligiousPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighlyRespected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HolyPlace :wnsense "holy place1n", "sanctum1n" ; :wordnet "holy place", "sanctum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HolyPlace'' is some generic ''Place' (Object or Region) that is 'holy' to some GroupOfPeople. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'holy place' in WordNet: 1. holy place, sanctum, holy - (a sacred place of pilgrimage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, :Provenance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Holy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Homage :wnsense "court10n", "homage1n" ; :wordnet "court", "homage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Homage'' is a more formal and intense form of ''Deference'' 'paid' to a Deity or Person considered as Holy, like a a god or Emperor. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homage' in WordNet: 1. court, homage - (respectful deference; 'pay court to the emperor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deferring ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Home :ldoce "home" ; :wnsense "abode2n", "domicile2n", "dwelling house1n", "dwelling1n", "habitation2n", "home1n", "home2n", "place7n" ; :wordnet "abode", "domicile", "dwelling", "dwelling house", "habitation", "home", "place" ; a :ObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Home is the primary residence of some person or Persons, not necessarily a detached dwelling Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'home' in WordNet: 1. (430) home, place - (where you live at a particular time; 'deliver the package to my home'; 'he doesn't have a home to go to'; 'your place or mine?') 2. (350) dwelling, home, domicile, abode, habitation, dwelling house - (housing that someone is living in; he built a modest dwelling near the pond; they raise money to provide homes for the homeless) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residence . :HomeBuilder :guid "c0646a86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "home-builder1n", "homebuilder1n", "house-builder1n", "housebuilder1n" ; :wordnet "home-builder", "homebuilder", "house-builder", "housebuilder" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the ''ConstructionCompany'' that does this tasl can be very small, only a few people. It will almost always be incorporated, but is not necessarily a Corporation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homebuilder' in WordNet: 1. homebuilder, home-builder, housebuilder, house-builder - (someone who builds houses as a business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionCompany, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BuildingaHouse ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :HomeDepot a :RetailStore-ParentCompany . :HomeGarden :wnsense "garden3n" ; :wordnet "garden" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Garden adjacent to a building, which does not have to be a residence - the garden in the courtyard of a professional building is an instance of this type. The restriction requires that instances of 'HomeGarden' specify the adjacent building.. This corresponds to sense 3 Wordnet 'garden': NOTE: sense 3 documentation in WordNet does not require that plants be grown in the yard, but in COSMO sense 3 is a subtype of sense 1, and plants must be grown there. A paved-over yard is not a 'Garden' in COSMO. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of WordNet 'Garden' in WordNet: 3. (6) garden - (a yard or lawn adjoining a house) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garden, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Building ] . :HomeMade :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MakingSomethingAtHome ; :wnsense "homemade1adj" ; :wordnet "homemade" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type assumes that ''HomeMade'' is always ''HandMade'' (any exceptions??); but The reverse is not always true. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'homemade' in Wordnet: 1. (1) homemade - (made or produced in the home or by yourself; 'homemade bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandMade, :PastParticiple . :HomeOwner :guid "be943aca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "homeowner1n" ; :wordnet "homeowner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who owns a Home. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homeowner' in Wordnet: 1. homeowner, householder - (someone who owns a home) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Owner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom :Home ] . :HomePlate :wnsense "home base1n", "home plate1n", "home8n", "plate2n" ; :wordnet "home", "home base", "home plate", "plate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HomePlate'' is a ''BaseballBase'' consisting of a pentagonal slab of rubber, where the batter stands to receive the pitch from the ''BaseballPitcher'' and attempt to hit the ''BaseballBall''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'home plate' in WordNet: 1. (2) home plate, home base, home, plate - ((baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score; 'he ruled that the runner failed to touch home') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballBase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballDiamond ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :HomeRun :wnsense "home run1n", "homer1n" ; :wordnet "home run", "homer" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HomeRun'' is a 'BaseballHit' in which a batter hits the ball fairly and without any errors by theopposing teams is able to run safely past the three bases andreach homeplate. Usually this occurs becuse thebatter has hit the ball outside the playing field, but an 'inside the park homer' also occasionally occurs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'home run' in WordNet: 1. (13) homer, home run - (a base hit on which the batter scores a run) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballHit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :HomeTown :wnsense "hometown1n" ; :wordnet "hometown" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hometown' in WordNet: 1. (1) hometown - (the town (or city) where you grew up or where you have your principal residence; \"he never went back to his hometown again\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Municipality, :PlaceOfResidence . :HomeWorkshop :guid "bd589f74-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shop" ; :wnsense "shop2n" ; :wordnet "shop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A room or part of a room in a house or home garage where things normally get repaired. Cyc: Probably contains a workbench. In Cyc called 'Workshop' The WN'workshop' sense 2 seems to be usable for home or commerial worshops. This type is for home only. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'workshop' in WordNet: 2. (1) workshop, shop - (small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, :Workshop, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Home ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkBench ; owl:onProperty :physicallyContains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ModifyingAnArtifact ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Homeland :wnsense "country of origin1n", "fatherland1n", "homeland1n", "mother country1n", "motherland1n", "native land1n" ; :wordnet "country of origin", "fatherland", "homeland", "mother country", "motherland", "native land" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Homeland'' is the term a person uses for the Counry in which s/he was born or of which s/he is a citizen; these two meanings can be distinguished - @ToDO. The term is also used to distinguish the territory of the nation from its foreign dependencies or foreign interests, as in 'homeland security'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homeland' in WordNet: 1. (2) fatherland, homeland, motherland, mother country, country of origin, native land - (the country where you were born) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Country, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Monarch-HeadOfState ; owl:onProperty :hasHeadOfGovernment ] . :Homeless :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Homelessness ; :wnsense "dispossessed1adj", "homeless2adj", "roofless2adj" ; :wordnet "dispossessed", "homeless", "roofless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Homeless'' is the attribute of a Person with no permanent residence. This can be a temporary condition. A ''Nomad'' is not usually considered as ''Homeless''. Corresponds to the literal part of adjective sense 2 of 'homeless' in Wordnet: 2. dispossessed, homeless, roofless - (physically or spiritually homeless or deprived of security; 'made a living out of shepherding dispossessed people from one country to another'- James Stern) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Homelessness :wnsense "homelessness1n" ; :wordnet "homelessness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Homelessness'' is the PersistentState of a ''Person'' who does not have a fixed place of residence. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homelessness' in WordNet: 1. homelessness - (the state or condition of having no home (especially the state of living in the streets)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingSuitable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Homeless ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Homemaker :guid "bd58e452-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "homemaker1n", "housewife1n", "lady of the house1n", "woman of the house1n" ; :wordnet "homemaker", "housewife", "lady of the house", "woman of the house" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Homemaker'' is a Person who assumes primary responsibility for managing the tasks involved in keeping a home living quarters clean and functional, taking care of any children, stocking groceries for meals, paying bills,etc. Traditionally this is performed by the wife, but more recently when there are women earning more than men, a man has taken on this type of task, and may stay home with the young children. But in such cases the family income is often sufficient that many of those tasks can be hired or contracted out to workers so that the time required is small and both partners work. the Homemaking tasks remaining can be shared. The WN wifely labels have been retained here, but ''Homemaker'' should be treated sex-neutral. CYC: People who take care of a home and family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homemaker' in WordNet: 1. housewife, homemaker, lady of the house, woman of the house - (a wife who manages a household while her husband earns the family income) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Homemaking ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Homemaking :guid "bf11f533-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "homemaking1n" ; :wordnet "homemaking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homemaking' in WordNet: 1. homemaking - (the management of a household) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :HouseholdRoutine, :ManagementEvent, :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Homemaker ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Homeotherm :guid "bd59432f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Animal and an instance of #$OrganismClassificationType. Each instance of #$Homeotherm is a warm-blooded animal. That is, each instance is an animal that is able to maintain a stable body temperature relative to its environmental temperature. Cf. #$Poikilotherm.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal . :Homework :en "homework assignment" ; :wnsense "homework1n", "prep1n", "preparation7n" ; :wordnet "homework", "prep", "preparation" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all educational #$Tasks assigned by a #$Teacher to a #$Student to be performed outside of school hours. Generally involves reading, writing, and/or solving problems. NOTE that this is the 'Assignment', which is a ''Specification''; the actual performance of the assigment is ''DoingAHomeworkAssignment''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homework' in Wordnet: 1. homework, prep, preparation - (preparatory school work done outside school (especially at home)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assignment . :Homicide :wnsense "homicide1n" ; :wordnet "homicide" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Homicide'' is an act of ''KillingaPerson'' **by another Person** that may be but is not necessarily an instance of the subtype ''Murder'. A ''Homicide'' may be accidental, negligent, or justifiable. For intentional and unjustified ''Homicide'' use ''Murder''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homicide' in WordNet: 1. (1) homicide - (the killing of a human being by another human being) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CauseOfDeath, :KillingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :HomingPigeon :wnsense "homer5n", "homing pigeon1n" ; :wordnet "homer", "homing pigeon" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of pigeon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homing pigeon' in WordNet: 1. homing pigeon, homer - (pigeon trained to return home) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pigeon . :Hominid :wnsense "hominid1n" ; :wordnet "hominid" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes Humans and relatively recent ancestors of Humans. Sense 1 of 'hominid' inWordNet: 1. hominid - (a primate of the family Hominidae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Primate . :Homogeneous :isTheOppositeOf :Heterogeneous ; :isaValueOf :HeterogeneityAttribute, :PhysicalAttribute ; :wnsense "homogeneous1adj", "homogenous1adj" ; :wordnet "homogeneous", "homogenous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Homogeneous' is an AttributeValue of Objects, Events, and Groups that asserts that each part (physical part for Objects, temporal part for Events, element for Groups) is of the same type as the whole. Since an object or Event may be of more than one type, the 'type' in common should to be specified, by some relation indicating the type that is intended by the attribute: for PhysicalObjects, the type that the parts have in common can be specified by 'consistsOfSubstance'; for Events or Groups, the relation 'partsHaveTypeInCommon' can specify the common type. For the subtype of 'Homogeneous' specifically modifying Groups of things (Objects, Events), use 'OfUniformType'. Homogeneity is a property that depends on granularity, as things will be Homogeneous (divisible into same-type things) only down to a certain granularity. That granularity may be temporal (for events) or spatial (for Objects). The granularity of a Group is always two elements of that Group, therefore only a PluralThing can be 'Homogeneous' Group (it must have at least two Elements). This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'homogeneous' in WordNet: 1. (8) homogeneous, homogenous - (all of the same or similar kind or nature; 'a close-knit homogeneous group') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HomogeneousGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HomogeneousGroup' is a Group that is classified by noting that each of the constituent elements are of a particular type. This notion can be expressed in OWL by using a restriction on the relation 'hasComponentElement', with the value of 'allValuesFrom' expressing the type that is in common. This is useful to represent things like Groups of people. The relation 'partsHaveTypeInCommon' can also be used, but that is not related in the OWL version by a rule asserting that that relation implies that every *element* is of the same type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :HomogeneousThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :partsHaveTypeInCommon ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Class ] . :HomogeneousObject :en "homogeneous object", "piece of stuff" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HomogeneousObject is a PhysicalObject that can be divided at least once to produce parts that are of the same chemical composition. This is close to the meaning of substance in Cyc - a type whose instances are objects consisting of a particular substance.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousThing, :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance . :HomogeneousSolidObject :ldoce "piece" ; :wnsense "piece3n" ; :wordnet "piece" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HomogeneousSolidObject' is a HomogeneousObject that is a solid. This type represents the most most common sense for the notion of a 'piece of X',where X is a solid substance (iron, lead, clay, etc.). 'found a piece of iron on the ground'; 'found pieces of glass on the floor'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'piece' in WordNet: 3. (8) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :partsHaveTypeInCommon ] . :HomogeneousThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HomogeneousThing is an Entity that can be divided at least once to produce parts that are of the same type. This can be a relatively homogeneous material like clay or water, or a Group of Objects having some type in common, such as the cookies in a box of cookies.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Homogeneous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :partsHaveTypeInCommon ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :HomogenizedMilk :hasColor :White ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Homogeneous ; :wnsense "homogenized milk1n" ; :wordnet "homogenized milk" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HomogenizedMilk'' is ''Milk'' that has been subjected to ''HomogenizingMilk''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homogenized milk' in WordNet: 1. homogenized milk - (milk with the fat particles broken up and dispersed uniformly so the cream will not rise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Milk . :Homogenizing :guid "be010c17-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the class of events in which an object is homogenized. NOTE: This is for physical mixing events, and does not include ''making equal' in the usual sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homogenize' in WordNet: 1. (1) homogenize, homogenise - (cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing; 'homogenize the main ingredients') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DispersionOfStuff, :PhysicalTransformationEvent . :HomogenizingMilk :en "homogenizing milk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HomogenizingMilk''is a ''Homogenizing'' the class of events in which Milk from the Cow is homogenized by vigorous mixing so that the cream fat is broken into small globules that are kept separate by chemical forces and no longer merge and rise to .make two phases. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Homogenizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HomogenizedMilk ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Homosexual :contrastsWith :Heterosexual ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :HomosexualHuman, :Person ; :wnsense "homosexual1adj" ; :wordnet "homosexual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Homosexual'' does not necessarily mean that the person so characterized never has sexual relations with someone of the opposite sex. This is for the predominant sexual orientation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'homosexual' in Wordnet: 1. (1) homosexual - (sexually attracted to members of your own sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HomosexualHuman :guid "bd58f525-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gay1n", "homo1n", "homophile1n", "homosexual1n" ; :wordnet "gay", "homo", "homophile", "homosexual" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of persons whose sexual preference is predominantly for other persons of the same sex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homosexual' in WordNet: 1. (1) homosexual, homophile, homo, gay - (someone who practices homosexuality; having a sexual attraction to persons of the same sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Homosexuality ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :HomosexualMalePerson :en "male homosexual" ; :enn "male homosexual" ; :guid "bd58f568-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of male humans whose sexual preference is predominantly for other males. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomosexualHuman, :MalePerson . :Homosexuality :wnsense "gayness1n", "homoeroticism1n", "homosexualism1n", "homosexuality1n", "queerness2n" ; :wordnet "gayness", "homoeroticism", "homosexualism", "homosexuality", "queerness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'homosexuality' in WordNet: 1. homosexuality, homosexualism, homoeroticism, queerness, gayness - (a sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the same sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HomosexualHuman ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Honduras :wnsense "Honduras1n" ; :wordnet "Honduras" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Honduras' in WordNet: 1. Honduras, Republic of Honduras -- (a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; an early center of Mayan culture) """ . :Hone :wnsense "hone1n" ; :wordnet "hone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hone'' is a ''Whetstone'' that has a finely gritted flat surface. The difference between a ''Hone'' and ''Whetstone'' appears to be in the fineness of the gritting on the surface RHW 'hone: a whetstone of fine, compact texture for sharpening razors and other cutting tools. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hone' in WordNet: 1. hone - (a whetstone made of fine gritstone; used for sharpening razors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Whetstone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoningaBlade ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Honest :hasAdverbialForm :Honestly ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Honesty ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dishonest ; :ldoce "honest" ; :wnsense "honest1adj" ; :wordnet "honest" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of people who are disposed to tell the truth and not cheat or defraud other people. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'honest' in WordNet: 1. (10) honest, honorable - (not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent; 'honest lawyers'; 'honest reporting'; 'an honest wage'; 'honest weight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Honestly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Honest ; :wnsense "candidly1adv", "frankly1adv", "honestly1adv" ; :wordnet "candidly", "frankly", "honestly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Honestly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Assertion, indicating the the speaker is being truthful. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'honestly' in WordNet: 1. (6) honestly, candidly, frankly - ((used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that; 'honestly, I don't believe it'; 'candidly, I think she doesn't have a conscience'; 'frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Honesty :ldoce "honesty" ; :wnsense "honesty1n" ; :wordnet "honesty" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling that disposes a person to be Honest - to tell the truth and not cheat or defraud others. This is represented as a 'BehavioralDisposition' rather than an attribute, because behavior is an aspect of Honesty that is not directly represented in attributes such as 'Honest'. This corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'honesty' in Wordnet: 1. (2) honesty, honestness - (the quality of being honest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehavioralDisposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Honest ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Honey :guid "bd59056d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "honey1n" ; :wordnet "honey" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An edible, sweet Substance produced by some species of Bees. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honey ' in Wordnet: 1. (9) honey - (a sweet yellow liquid produced by bees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSubstance, :Food, :LiquidSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, :Sweetener, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoneyBee ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ] . :HoneyBee :wnsense "Apis mellifera1n", "honeybee1n" ; :wordnet "Apis mellifera", "honeybee" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wikipedia: A honey bee is a eusocial flying insect within the genus Apis of the bee clade, all native to Eurasia but spread to four other continents by human beings. They are known for construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax, for the large size of their colonies, and for their surplus production and storage of honey Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honeybee' in WordNet: 1. (6) honeybee, Apis mellifera - (social bee often domesticated for the honey it produces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Honey ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beeswax ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :Honeycomb :wnsense "honeycomb1n" ; :wordnet "honeycomb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Honeycomb'' is the part of a .''Beehive'' made by ''HoneyBee''s where they produce and store 'Honey''and ''Beeswax'' and reproduce by nurturing a 'queen bee'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honeycomb' in WordNet: 1. honeycomb - (a structure of small hexagonal cells constructed from beeswax by bees and used to store honey and larvae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalMadeShelter, :Habitation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoneyBee ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Honey ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beeswax ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :Honeymoon :wnsense "honeymoon1n" ; :wordnet "honeymoon" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Honeymoon'' is a Vacation (a TimeInterval) just shortly after a couple gets married, traditionally to get better acquainted without disruption of working activities. 'honey moon' means the 'sweet month' after the Wedding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honeymoon' in WordNet: 1. (2) honeymoon - (a holiday taken by a newly married couple) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :Vacation . :Honeysuckle :guid "bd58b31f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "honeysuckle1n" ; :wordnet "honeysuckle" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honeysuckle' in WordNet: 1. (1) honeysuckle - (shrub or vine of the genus Lonicera) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush . :HongKong :wnsense "HongKong1n" ; :wordnet "HongKong" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hong Kong' in WordNet: 1. Hong Kong - (formerly a Crown Colony on the coast of southern China in Guangdong province; leased by China to Britain in 1842 and returned in 1997; one of the world's leading commercial centers) """ . :HoningaBlade a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ hone """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SharpeningAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blade ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hone ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HoningaSkill :en "honing a skill" ; :enn "honing a skill" ; :wnsense "hone2v", "perfect1v" ; :wordnet "hone", "perfect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HoningaSkill'' is a ''RefiningAnAction'' that develops a ''Skill' to a point near optimum performance. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'hone' in WordNet: 2. perfect, hone - (make perfect or complete; 'perfect your French in Paris!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerfectingSomething, :RefiningAnAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skill ; owl:onProperty :improves ] . :Honk :wnsense "honk1n" ; :wordnet "honk" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the honk of a vehicle, not a goose. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'honk' (*not* from a goose, but from a vehicle 'reembling' the goose cry) in WordNet: 1. honk - (the cry of a goose (or any sound resembling this)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :Honking :eng "beeping", "honking" ; :wnsense "beep1v", "blare2v", "honk1v", "toot1v" ; :wordnet "beep", "blare", "honk", "toot" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Honking'' is an Event in which a ''Honk'' sound is emitted by a vehicle. This type is for the vehicle; the Goose honking is represented by ''GooseHonking''. NOTE: 'claxon' is rarely used as a verb,omitted here. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'honk' in WordNet: 1. honk, blare, beep, claxon, toot - (make a loud noise; 'The horns of the taxis blared') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Honk ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :HonkingaVehicleHorn :eng "beeping", "honking" ; :wnsense "honk2v" ; :wordnet "honk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''HonkingaVehicleHorn'' is an Action in which a ''Driver'' of a vehicle activates the horn to produce a ''Honk'' sound. This is the action of the driver; the action of the horn Device is represented by ''Honking''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'honk' in WordNet: 2. honk, claxon - (use the horn of a car) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Honk ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Honor :ldoce "honor" ; :wnsense "honor3n", "honour3n" ; :wordnet "honor", "honour" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BehavioralDisposition that disposes a person to be Honorable - i.e. to act honorably.. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'honor' in Wordnet: 3. (3) honor, honour - (the quality of being honorable and having a good name; 'a man of honor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehavioralDisposition, :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CodeOfEthics ; owl:onProperty :mayBeAffectedBy ] . :HonorAward :guid "bd58dc36-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "accolade1n", "award2n", "honor1n", "honour2n", "laurels1n" ; :wordnet "accolade", "award", "honor", "honour", "laurels" ; a :AwardType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: called 'AwardPractice' in Cyc. Each instance of this type is an abstract object conveyed from some Authority (some person or organization who created the type of award conferred) to an individual, organization, animal (first prize at a competition) or to some object (building, art work) The abstract award is often symbolized by presentation of a plaque, medal, trophy, or document. An academic degree is an HonorAward. An HonorAward is often, but does not have to be, in recognition of some distinguished action. Military medals (abstract version) are HonorAwards. Each HonorAward is considered in COSMO by convention as being created on the day it is formally presented. Cyc: A collection of intangibles. Each instance of #$AwardPractice is a distinction bestowed upon someone or something by an appropriately authorized agent, generally in recognition of some accomplishment and often as a result of a competitive process. Awards may be given to people, books, buildings, cities, etc. Note that this collection represents the awards themselves rather than tangible symbols of awards, such as medals or Oscar statuettes. Nor do its instances represent any money that might accompany an award. See also #$SymbolicObject, #$Token-Physical. NOTE: WN gloss says 'tangible symbol' but the parent types are abstract. This type is abstract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'honor' in WordNet: 1. (11) award, accolade, honor, honour, laurels - (a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction; \"an award for bravery\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, :SymbolicThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAssignedByAuthority ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AwardSymbol ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :Honorable :isAnAttributeValueOf :PersonalEthics ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Honor ; :ldoce "honorable" ; :wnsense "ethical3adj", "honorable4adj", "honourable3adj", "moral3adj" ; :wordnet "ethical", "honorable", "honourable", "moral" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of people who are disposed to behave according to principles - those conforming to accepted standards of social or professional behavior, particularly honesty and fairness. 'Fairness' requires that one follow the 'golden rule' of 'do unto others as you would have others do unto you'. This trait can be applicable in specific situations or for particular periods of time and does not necessarily imply that a person is always Honorable. A part of 'Honorable' is to be 'Honest' - to tell the truth and not cheat or defraud other people. NOTE that ''Honored'' is not quite the same - that is an attribute achieved by social recognition, not by internal behavioral qualities. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 4 of 'honorable' in WordNet: 4. ethical, honorable, honourable, moral - (adhering to ethical and moral principles; 'it seems ethical and right'; 'followed the only honorable course of action'; 'had the moral courage to stand alone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HonorableBehavior :en "honorable behavior" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HonorableBehavior'' is a 'MannerOfBehavior' that is characterized by an conformance to some code of ''Honor'' and Fairness. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FairPlay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Honorable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Honor ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Honorary :wnsense "honorary1adj" ; :wordnet "honorary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'honorary' in Wordnet: 1. honorary - (given as an honor without the normal duties; 'an honorary degree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Honored :ened "honored" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingRecognized ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Honoring ; :ldoce "honor" ; :wnsense "honor2n" ; :wordnet "honor" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having very high respect from most members of some community. Having the status of 'Honored' is equivalent to being in a state of 'Honor'. A higher level of geing ''honored'' is being ''Glorified''. This is a state of being respected, and not a sense of honor or a personal code of behavior. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'honor' in WordNet: 2. (3) honor, honour, laurels - (the state of being honored) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighlyRespected, :IntensiveAttributeValue, :PastParticiple . :Honoring :en "honoring" ; :wnsense "honor1v", "honour1v" ; :wordnet "honor", "honour" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Honoring'' is a form of ''Praising'' that is conducted publicly, with the intention and typical result that the person honored gains the social status of ''BeingRecognized''. It results in someone having the attribute of ''Honored''. (an expression of approval and commendation; 'he always appreciated praise for his work') Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'honor' in Wordnet: 1. (28) honor, honour, reward - (bestow honor or rewards upon; 'Today we honor our soldiers'; 'The scout was rewarded for courageous action') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Praising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeingRecognized ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Public ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hood :wnsense "hood3n", "hood4n", "hood5n" ; :wordnet "hood" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hood'' is a ''ProtectiveCovering'' that is attached only at one end of an object (or part of an object) and projects at least partly over the other end to provide some protection from things above the object. This is the most general sense including most things referred to as a 'hood' - on a carriage, on clothing, or on the front of a car. Subtypes can be created when needed. Includes noun senses 3, 4,and 5 of 'hood' in WordNet: 3. hood - (the folding roof of a carriage) 4. hood - (a headdress that protects the head and face) 5. hood, bonnet, cowl, cowling - (protective covering consisting of a metal part that covers the engine; 'there are powerful engines under the hoods of new cars'; 'the mechanic removed the cowling in order to repair the plane's engine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtectiveCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoveringSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Hoodlum :wnsense "goon2n", "hood1n", "hoodlum1n", "punk1n", "strong-armer1n", "thug1n", "tough2n", "toughie1n" ; :wordnet "goon", "hood", "hoodlum", "punk", "strong-armer", "thug", "tough", "toughie" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hoodlum' in WordNet: 1. hood, hoodlum, goon, punk, thug, tough, toughie, strong-armer - (an aggressive and violent young criminal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViolentAction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Hoodoo :wnsense "hoodoo3n", "hoodoo4n" ; :wordnet "hoodoo" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Usually an 'Object' that is believed to (or does?) cause Misfortune for some Animal (usually a Person), by some supernatural means. However only ''Action''s can 'cause' situations. So we use ''presenceCauses''. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'hoodoo' in WordNet: 3. juju, voodoo, hoodoo, fetish, fetich - (a charm superstitiously believed to embody magical powers) 4. hoodoo - (something believed to bring bad luck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Misfortune ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Superstition ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ] . :Hoof :guid "bd58c1dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hoof2n" ; :wordnet "hoof" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Nail-AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of this collection is a hard covering over the foot of an #$EquineAnimal, #$Ruminant, etc. Though the hoof is commonly thought of as the foot itself, this is not the case. SUMO: The hard end of the Foot of a HoofedMammal. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hoof' in WordNet: 2. hoof - (the horny covering of the end of the foot in ungulate mammals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nail-AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :HoofedMammal ] . :HoofedMammal :wnsense "hoofed mammal1n", "ungulate1n" ; :wordnet "hoofed mammal", "ungulate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of quadruped Mammals with hooves. Includes horses, cows, sheep, pigs, antelope, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ungulate' in Wordnet: 1. ungulate, hoofed mammal - (any of a number of mammals with hooves that are superficially similar but not necessarily closely related taxonomically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mammal, :Quadruped, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Hoof ] . :Hook :guid "bd5900fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hook" ; :wnsense "hook4n", "hook5n" ; :wordnet "hook" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is restricted to small hooks that one can hold in one hand. Industrial hooks would be of a different type. Some hooks, such as a ''FishHook'' might not be precisely characterized as a ''Fastener'' - perhaps more detail will be needed. A ''Hook'' need not solely consist of a 'curved' object,but must have a curved object as part of it. Other parts may be needed for various functions. Cyc: A curved or angular piece of metal or other hard substance for catching, pulling, holding or suspending something. Includes noun senses 4 and 5 of 'hook' in WordNet: 4. hook, claw - (a mechanical device that is curved or bent to suspend or hold or pull something) 5. hook - (a curved or bent implement for suspending or pulling something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurvedObject, :Fastener, :SmallObject . :Hookah :wnsense "calean1n", "chicha1n", "hookah1n", "hubble-bubble1n", "hubbly-bubbly1n", "kalian1n", "narghile1n", "nargileh1n", "sheesha1n", "shisha1n", "water pipe1n" ; :wordnet "calean", "chicha", "hookah", "hubble-bubble", "hubbly-bubbly", "kalian", "narghile", "nargileh", "sheesha", "shisha", "water pipe" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hookah' in WordNet: 1. hookah, narghile, nargileh, sheesha, shisha, chicha, calean, kalian, water pipe, hubble-bubble, hubbly-bubbly - (an oriental tobacco pipe with a long flexible tube connected to a container where the smoke is cooled by passing through water; 'a bipolar world with the hookah and Turkish coffee versus hamburgers and Coca Cola') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmokingDevice . :Hooked :wnsense "aquiline1adj", "hooked1adj" ; :wordnet "aquiline", "hooked" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hooked'' is a subtype of ''Curved'' describing long and thin things that have a straight part ending in a ''Curved'' part. The Curved part may be U-shaped or CrescentShaped. A 'Fish hook' or crochet needle or Parrot's beak are examples. The ratio of straight to curved part varies, as does the degree of curvature of the curved part. NOTE: the terms are used very broadly, so that a 'aquiline nose' is only a borderline example of this sense of ''Curved''. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'hooked' in Wordnet: 1. (1) aquiline, hooked - (curved down like an eagle's beak) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curved . :Hoop :wnsense "hoop2n" ; :wordnet "hoop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hoop'' is any ''LoopedBand'' that can exist free, though it may be attached to other objects; essentially, a rigid ring of some material. A ''HulaHoop'' or one hoop in a set of hoops in the ''Framework'' that is a ''SkirtHoop' would be instances. The minimum diameter should be at least 4 centimeters, otherwise it would fit into some other category. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'hoop' in Wordnet; the uses are not restricted as suggested in the WN gloss: in WordNet: 2. (1) hoop, ring - (a rigid circular band of metal or wood or other material used for holding or fastening or hanging or pulling; 'there was still a rusty iron hoop for tying a horse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedLoopObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "50"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "150"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :HoopSkirt :wnsense "hoop skirt1n" ; :wordnet "hoop skirt" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HoopSkirt'' is a ''Skirt'' that flares out toward the bottom, the lower part supported by one or more ''SkirtHoop''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hoop skirt' in Wordnet: 1. hoopskirt, crinoline - (a skirt stiffened with hoops) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skirt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkirtHoop ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Hoot :en "hooting" ; :isEmittedBy :Owl ; :wnsense "hoot1n", "hoot1v" ; :wordnet "hoot" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'Hooting' sound made by an Owl. Corresponds to verb sense 2 and part of noun sense 1 of 'hoot' in Wordnet: 2. hoot - (utter the characteristic sound of owls) WN noun 'hoot' 1. (1) hoot - (a loud raucous cry (as of an owl)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :HooverDam :controls :ColoradoRiver ; :en "Hoover Dam" ; :enn "Hoover Dam" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isBetween :LakeMeadAndBlackCanyon ; :isOwnedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :Dam ; rdfs:comment """Big dam on the Colorado River. From Wikipedia: Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. Originally known as Boulder Dam from 1933, it was officially renamed Hoover Dam, for President Herbert Hoover, by a joint resolution of Congress in 1947. """ . :Hope :guid "bd5889b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hope" ; :wnsense "hope2n" ; :wordnet "hope" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Feeling of 'hope' includes a Desire for something to happen, together with an expectation that it might happen (i.e. is not hopeless) This can be considered as a weak form of expectation or anticipation. Cyc: Expectation of fulfillment or success. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. Since a Feeling is an Event, this includes any interval of 'hoping' and also represents the verb 'hope' Corresponds to noun sense 2 and includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'hope' in WordNet: 2. (17) hope - (the general feeling that some desire will be fulfilled; 'in spite of his troubles he never gave up hope') WN verb 'hope': 1. (60) hope, trust, desire - (expect and wish; 'I trust you will behave better from now on'; 'I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise') 2. (37) hope - (be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes; 'I am still hoping that all will turn out well') 3. (23) hope, go for - (intend with some possibility of fulfilment; 'I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Desire ] . :Hopeful :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Hope ; :wnsense "hopeful1adj" ; :wordnet "hopeful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hopeful'' is the attribute of a person who has hope (experiencing Hope) for something to occur ('full of hope'); The other part of the WN gloss - inspiring hope - is represented by a different AttributeValue: ''InspiringHope''. @mod47 Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'hopeful' (having hope) in WordNet: 1. (2) hopeful - (having or manifesting or inspiring hope; 'a line of people hopeful of obtaining tickets'; 'found a hopeful way of attacking the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Hopefully :wnsense "hopefully1adv" ; :wordnet "hopefully" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hopefully'' is an AdverbOfManner that modifies an Event or an assertion and asserts that the Agent of the action or of the assertion has hope for a desired outcome. This term can alos be used as a sentential odifier, prefixing a sentence. RHW: 1. in a hopeful manner: We worked hopefully and energetically, thinking we might finish first. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'hopefully' in WordNet: 1. (3) hopefully - (with hope; in a hopeful manner; 'we searched hopefully for a good position') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Hopeless :ldoce "hopeless", "useless" ; :wnsense "futile1adj", "futile2adj", "hopeless3adj" ; :wordnet "futile", "hopeless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a Plan of action that is doomed to be Futile (certain to fail). This also can be used of situations in which there is no plan that can succeed in producing the desired result, or in avoiding a serious impending problem, or the Plan that is contemplated or necessary is doomed to fail. For the attribute of a person who cannot be consoled or feels that s/he cannot succeed or improve their situation, use 'WithoutHope' NOTE that procedures that do not produce the desired results are labeled 'Ineffective' in COSMO; this type should be used to characterize undergoing Actions that cannot succeed in the current circumstances) even if the original procedure is often effective). Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'hopeless' in WordNet: 3. hopeless - (certain to fail; 'the situation is hopeless') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Hopelessly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Hopeless ; :wnsense "hopelessly1adv" ; :wordnet "hopelessly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hopelessly'' as an adjective modifier tends to suggest that the attribute modified cannot be changed - at least easily. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'hopelessly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) hopelessly - (in a hopeless manner; 'the papers were hopelessly jumbled'; 'he is hopelessly romantic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Hopping :en "hopping" ; :wnsense "hop1v" ; :wordnet "hop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A means of animal propulsion in which the animal propels itself forward with its legs, so that the animal moves forward *mostly* while no part of the animal touches the ground. This means of propulsion is used, for example, by grasshoppers, kangaroos, and sometimes by birds while they are on the ground. A rabbit may move by walking or hopping. A single leap up and down in place is not a 'Hopping', as it is not a means of propulsion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hop' in WordNet: 1. (1) hop - (the act of hopping; jumping upward or forward (especially on one foot)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation ; owl:disjointWith :Running, :Walking . :Hopscotch :wnsense "hopscotch1n" ; :wordnet "hopscotch" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Hopscotch' is a game played by young children, hopping within a pattern of numbered boxes drawn on the ground. There are several variants of the basic game. From Wikipedia: Playing the game: The first player tosses the marker (typically a stone, coin or bean bag) into the first square. The marker must land completely within the designated square and without touching a line or bouncing out. The player then hops through the course, skipping the square with the marker in it. Single squares must be hopped on one foot. For the first single square, either foot may be used. Side by side squares are straddled, with the left foot landing in the left square, and the right foot landing in the right square. Optional squares marked 'Safe', 'Home', or 'Rest' are neutral squares, and may be hopped through in any manner without penalty. After hopping into the 'Safe', 'Home', or 'Rest' the player must then turn around and return through the course (square 9, then squares 8 and 7, next square 6 and so forth) on one or two legs depending on the square until he or she reaches the square with their marker. They then must retrieve their marker and continue the course as stated without touching a line or stepping into a square with another player's marker. Upon successfully completing the sequence, the player continues the turn by tossing the marker into square number two, and repeating the pattern. If, while hopping through the court in either direction, the player steps on a line, misses a square, or loses balance, the turn ends. Players begin their turns where they last left off. The first player to complete one course for every numbered square on the court wins the game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hopscotch' in WordNet: 1. (1) hopscotch - (a game in which a child tosses a stone into an area drawn on the ground and then hops through it and back to regain the stone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildsGame . :Horde :wnsense "horde1n", "host2n", "legion4n" ; :wordnet "horde", "host", "legion" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horde' in WordNet: 1. (3) horde, host, legion - (a vast multitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Throng, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Horizon :guid "be00ef13-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "horizon" ; :wnsense "apparent horizon1n", "horizon1n", "sensible horizon1n", "skyline2n", "visible horizon1n" ; :wordnet "apparent horizon", "horizon", "sensible horizon", "skyline", "visible horizon" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all horizons, each being the far-off region within a few degrees of the horizontal plane, where the sky appears to join the distant landscape. The horizon is always relative to a particular point of observation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horizon' in WordNet: 1. (9) horizon, apparent horizon, visible horizon, sensible horizon, skyline - (the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place-NonAgent, :SpaceLine-Empirical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Horizontal :ldoce "horizontal" ; :wnsense "horizontal1adj" ; :wordnet "horizontal" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Horizontal' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that have at least one long dimension that is oriented nearly parallel to the Earth's surface. This is an approximate attribute, and things can be more horizontal than others. The degrees of 'horizontalness' have not yet (v755 been specified. For Objects sloped upward by more than 20 degrees, but less than 45 degrees, use the parent ''MostlyHorizontal'', Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'horizontal' in WordNet: 1. (4) horizontal - (parallel to or in the plane of the horizon or a base line; 'a horizontal surface') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MostlyHorizontal . :HorizontalSurface a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HorizontalSurface is a flat artifact physical object (usually part of another PhysicalObject) that is intended to be used when oriented horizontally with respect to the Earth's surface (gravity), and typically is shaped and oriented that way because it is used to support something under gravity. In some cases, such as the seat of a folding chair, the surface may not be oriented horizontally when not used as intended, or (for fixed surfaces in a construct) before it is installed in its intended location..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surface-Physical . :HorizontalTopSurface :wnsense "horizontal surface1n", "level6n" ; :wordnet "horizontal surface", "level" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HorizontalTopSurface'' is an 'OuterPhysicalSurface' on the top of some ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' that is oriented ''Horizontal''.. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'horizontal surface' in WordNet: 1. horizontal surface, level - (a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line; 'park the car on the level') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TopSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HorizontalWorkSurface :en "horizontal work surface", "working surface" ; :wnsense "work surface1n" ; :wordnet "work surface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HorizontalWorkSurface'' is a ''WorkSurface'' that is ''Horizotal'' while being used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'work surface' in WordNet: 1. work surface - (a horizontal surface for supporting objects used in working or playing games) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HorizontalSurface, :WorkSurface . :Horizontally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Horizontal ; :wnsense "horizontally1adv" ; :wordnet "horizontally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Horizontally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives or Actions to assert that they are performed or interpreted with respect to a ''Horizontal'' direction. The 'horizontal' can appply to ordering on a page of a document, meaning from left to right across the page. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'horizontally' in Wordnet: 1. horizontally - (in a horizontal direction; 'a gallery quite often is added to make use of space vertically as well as horizontally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Hormone :guid "bd58bd01-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hormone1n" ; :wordnet "hormone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: In Animals, a chemical secreted by an endocrine gland whose products are released into the circulating fluid. Plant hormones or synthetic hormones which are used only to alter or control various physiologic processes, e.g., reproductive control agents, are assigned to the Class BiologicallyActiveSubstance. Hormones act as chemical messengers and regulate various physiologic processes such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc. They usually fall into two broad categories, viz. steroid hormones and peptide hormones. Cyc: A substance formed in some organ of the body and carried by a body fluid to another organ or tissue where it has a specific effect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hormone' in Wordnet: 1. (6) hormone, endocrine, internal secretion - (the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance, :BodySubstance, :Secretion-Bodily . :Horn :en "horns" ; :ennp "horns" ; :guid "bd58dfc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Head ; :ldoce "horn" ; :wnsense "horn2n" ; :wordnet "horn" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hard bonelike protrusion from the head of an animal. This includes the permanent and deciduous types. CYC: 'Horn-AnimalBodyPart': Hard protrusion from the head of an animal, usually made from bone or cartilage, or, in the case of the rhinoceros, tightly compressed hair Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'horn' in WordNet: 2. (3) horn - (one of the bony outgrowths on the heads of certain ungulates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Protrusion, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HornInstrument :guid "bd58be59-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "horn" ; :wnsense "horn5n", "horn9n", "trumpet1n" ; :wordnet "horn", "trumpet" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO A MusicalInstrument which is played by blowing it. It uses lip vibration to generates sound and control part of the pitch generation process as well. Usually made of metal, but this includes more primitive types such as a Ram's horn, used as an instrument. Includes noun senses 5 and 9 of 'horn' in WordNet, and the specific subtypes: in WordNet: 5. (1) cornet, horn, trumpet, trump - (a brass musical instrument with a brilliant tone; has a narrow tube and a flared bell and is played by means of valves) 9. French horn, horn - (a brass musical instrument consisting of a conical tube that is coiled into a spiral and played by means of valves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrassInstrument . :HornInstrumentValve :wnsense "valve2n" ; :wordnet "valve" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specialized term significant in defining brass wind instruments. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'valve' in WordNet: 2. (1) valve - (device in a brass wind instrument for varying the length of the air column to alter the pitch of a tone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HornInstrument ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Horned :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Horn ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :HavingHorns ; :wnsense "horned1adj", "horny2adj" ; :wordnet "horned", "horny" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Horned\" is the attribute of an Animal that has one or more hard ''Horn''s - on the head or (as in a Rhinoceros) the nose, *or* has some projections that resemble ''Horn''s. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'horned' and sense 2 of 'horny' in Wordnet: 1. horned - (having a horn or horns or hornlike parts or horns of a particular kind; 'horned viper'; 'great horned owl'; 'the unicorn - a mythical horned beast'; 'long-horned cattle') WN adj 'horny': 2. horny - (having horns or hornlike projections; 'horny coral'; 'horny (or horned) frog') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Hornet :wnsense "hornet1n" ; :wordnet "hornet" ; a :ArthropodType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hornet' in WordNet: 1. hornet - (large stinging paper wasp) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wasp . :Horny :isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf :Wood ; :ldoce "wooden" ; :wnsense "wooden1adj" ; :wordnet "wooden" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Horny'' is the AttributeValue of Objects or ''SolidSubstance''s that resemble the composition of 'horn' (the horn of a rhinoceros) or a fingernail. This is *not* the attribute of 'having horns'. ('horned'?) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'horny' in WordNet: 3. corneous, hornlike, horny - (made of horn (or of a substance resembling horn)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositionAttributeValue . :Horoscope :wnsense "horoscope1n" ; :wordnet "horoscope" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Horoscope'' is a 'Prediction' about future Events in some Person's life. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horoscope' in WordNet: 1. (1) horoscope - (a prediction of someone's future based on the relative positions of the planets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prediction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astrology ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :Horrible :isMoreIntenseThan :Abominable ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Horror ; :wnsense "atrocious2n", "horrible1adj", "horrifying1adj", "ugly4adj" ; :wordnet "atrocious", "horrible", "horrifying", "ugly" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Horrible'' is an attribute value of something (object or Event) that causes intense negative emotions in one who perceives it, especially fright or fear, or even horror. The term 'horrible' may be used as am exaggeration of things that are merely very bad (in the opinion of the commentator). This type is for things that genuinely may (but not always) provoke fear or horror. This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'horrible' and sense 2 of 'atrocious' in WordNet: 1. (4) atrocious, frightful, horrifying, horrible, ugly - (provoking horror; 'an atrocious automobile accident'; 'a frightful crime of decapitation'; 'an alarming, even horrifying, picture'; 'war is beyond all words horrible'- Winston Churchill; 'an ugly wound') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abominable . :HorribleThing :wnsense "horror2n" ; :wordnet "horror" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HorribleEvent'' may be an Object or a ''FrighteningEvent'' that provokes not just ''Fear'', but horror in persons perceiving it, perhaps by second hand (being told about it). This corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'horror' in WordNet. 2. (6) horror - (something that inspires dislike; something horrible; 'the painting that others found so beautiful was a horror to him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horror ; owl:onProperty :perceivingCausesMentalEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horrible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Horribly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Horrible ; :wnsense "awfully2adv", "horribly1adv" ; :wordnet "awfully", "horribly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Horribly'' is an adverbial form derived from 'horrible' - though the usage varies. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'horribly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) dreadfully, awfully, horribly - (of a dreadful kind; 'there was a dreadfully bloody accident on the road this morning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :HorrifyingaPerson :causes :Horror ; :wnsense "alarm2v", "appal2v", "dismay2v", "horrify1v" ; :wordnet "alarm", "appal", "dismay", "horrify" ; a :EventType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HorrifyingaPerson'' is a 'FrighteningEvent' that causes ''Horror'' in some Agent(s). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'horrify' in WordNet: 1. dismay, alarm, appal, appall, horrify - (fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised; \"I was horrified at the thought of being late for my interview\"; \"The news of the executions horrified us\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrighteningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horror ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frightening ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Horror :isanIntensiveFormOf :Fear ; :wnsense "horror1n" ; :wordnet "horror" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Horror'' a feeling of 'Fear', combined with pain or revulsion at something seen or anticipated. This can be caused by an atrocity on people (a ''HorribleEvent''), or by an anticipation of being harmed. Without the revulsion, an intense ''Fear'' is better represented by ''Terror''. Close to noun sense 1 of 'horror' in RHW: 'an overwhelming and painful feeling caused by something frightfully shocking, terrifying, or revolting; a shuddering fear: to shrink back from a mutilated corpse in horror.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horror' in WordNet: 1. (10) horror - (intense and profound fear) WN Also included here is 'dread'; in WN dread seems to WN include not only fear by anticipation: WN 'dread' 1. (1) apprehension, apprehensiveness, dread - (fearful expectation or anticipation; 'the student looked around the examination room with apprehension') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fear . :Horse :guid "c10060dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "horse" ; :wnsense "Equus caballus1n", "horse1n" ; :wordnet "Equus caballus", "horse" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :RiddenAnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all horses, of all breeds; a subset of #$EquineAnimal. Horses may be domesticated (for riding, draught, racing or breeding) or wild; see #$DomesticatedAnimal, #$WildAnimal. #$Horse constitutes an instance of #$BiologicalSpecies (called Equus caballus). Horses can interbreed with donkeys to produce a nonfertile mule or a jenny (see #$Donkey, #$Mule). NOTE: not all horses are domesticated - that would be a property of subgroups. SUMO: A domesticated HoofedMammal that is used for transportation and work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horse' in WordNet: 1. (103) horse, Equus caballus - (solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquineAnimal, :HoofedMammal . :HorseBack :isAnOrganicPartOf :Person ; :wnsense "horseback1n" ; :wordnet "horseback" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BackOfaPerson'' is a ''Back'' (dorsal part) on a ''Horse''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horseback' in WordNet: 1. (2) horseback - (the back of a horse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Back, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HorseCarriage :guid "c0fcf3ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "carriage" ; :wnsense "carriage2n" ; :wordnet "carriage" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Horse-drawn carriages. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'carriage' in WordNet: 2. (2) carriage, equipage, rig - (a vehicle with wheels drawn by one or more horses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalPoweredDevice, :Device-UserControlled, :WheeledTransportationDevice . :HorseFly :wnsense "cleg1n", "clegg1n", "horse fly1n", "horse tick1n", "horsefly1n", "horsefly2n" ; :wordnet "cleg", "clegg", "horse fly", "horse tick", "horsefly" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In WOrdnet sense 2 is a subtype of 'gadfly' - @ToDo - add 'gadfly'?? Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'horsefly' in Wordnet: 1. horse tick, horsefly, Hippobosca equina - (winged fly parasitic on horses) 2. horsefly, cleg, clegg, horse fly - (large swift fly the female of which sucks blood of various animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fly . :HorseRace :wnsense "horse race1n" ; :wordnet "horse race" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HorseRace'' is a ''Race'' in which the competitors are ''RaceHorse''s. Performed by a Group of RaceHorses - need to elaborate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horse race' in WordNet: 1. (2) horse race - (a contest of speed between horses; usually held for the purpose of betting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSportEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaceHorse ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HorsebackCavalryman :wnsense "cavalryman2n", "trooper4n" ; :wordnet "cavalryman", "trooper" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cavalryman' in WordNet: 2. (1) cavalryman, trooper - (a soldier mounted on horseback; 'a cavalryman always takes good care of his mount') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HorsebackRider, :Soldier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :HorsebackRider :en "equestrienne" ; :wnsense "equestrian1n", "horseback rider1n", "horseman1n" ; :wordnet "equestrian", "horseback rider", "horseman" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HorsebackRider'' is a Person who is transported (frequently, or occasionally, or as a profession, or as a hobby) on a ''Horse'', supported by that Horse's ''HorseBack''. 'equestrian' suggests a hobby, but no distinction is made yet. Includes women: RHW: equestrienne n. a woman who rides horses. Includes noun sense 1 of 'horseback rider' (includes women!!) in WordNet: 1. horseman, equestrian, horseback rider - (a man skilled in equitation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rider, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :RidingaHorse ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :RidingaHorse ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:onProperty :controlsManually ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HorseBack ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ] . :Horseplay :wnsense "horseplay1n" ; :wordnet "horseplay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Playing that involves some kind of physical contact between people such as shoving or hitting or throwing objects, with no intention and little likelihood of doing harm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'horseplay' in WordNet: 1. horseplay - (rowdy or boisterous play) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Romping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HittingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Hose :guid "bd58dac8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hose3n" ; :wordnet "hose" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pipe'' that is flexible and designed to carry a liquid or gas from a source (for water, often under some pressure) to another place - often to be released onto a surface, such as a lawn or a burning house. In laboratories and manufacturng installations, a ''Tubing'' subtype of ''Hose'' may carry any of various types of substances, liquid or gas.. CYC 'hose': Flexible tubing usually used to transport liquids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hose' in Wordnet: 3. hose, hosepipe - (a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid or gas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlexibleObject, :Pipe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SprayingWaterDirectionally ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :HoseClamp :en "hose clamp" ; :enn "hose clamp" ; :guid "bd58a4c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HoseClamp'' is a metallic (plastic??) ribbon-like small band that has evenly spaced holes, with a holding piece allowing it to form a circular donut-shaped band, and allowing it to be tied tightly around the end of a flexible Hose into which another tubular object is inserted, and then tightened by reducing the length of the band, thus squeezing the flexible hose against the inner tube, sealing the connection by the pressure of the tightened band, so as to allow fluid to flow between the tube and hose without leaking. ''HoseClamp''s come in different lengths and widths, each being suitable for holding flexible hoses of different diameters. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clamp, :Connector, :MechanicalDevice, :RibbonlikeObject . :HosieryItem :wnsense "hose1n", "hosiery1n" ; :wordnet "hose", "hosiery" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Close-fitting covering for foot and ankle, and often the lower leg. This includes shorter ''Sock''s as well as longer womens' stockings An instance of this is a single object, not the collective term. NOTE that this includes leotards, so it is not just underwear. SUMO: A piece of Clothing that is made of a soft Fabric like Cotton and that is intended to be worn on the Foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hosiery' in WordNet: 1. hosiery, hose - (socks and stockings and tights collectively (the British include underwear)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :EnvelopingCovering, :FootwearItem, :Garment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :HospiceCare :en "hospice care" ; :wnsense "hospice2n" ; :wordnet "hospice" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HospiceCare'' is a form of long-term treatment that usually occurs at a special facility and is often used for end-of-life stages of treatment. The 'hospice' medical facility is not represented in Wordnet. See ''HospiceFacility''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hospice' in WordNet: 2. hospice - (a program of medical and emotional care for the terminally ill) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TherapeuticProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HospiceFacility ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :HospiceFacility :en "hospice", "hospice facility" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Building which is used primarily for ''HospiceCare'. Not WN sense for this type. RHW 'hospice': a. a health-care facility for the terminally ill that emphasizes pain control and emotional support for the patient and family, typically refraining from taking extraordinary measures to prolong life. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalFacility, :ResidentialBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HospiceCare ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :Hospital :en "hospital" ; :guid "bd5891c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Organization that provides medical care and operates at least one HospitalBuilding. Cyc: #$Hospital is a specialization of #$MedicalCareInstitution and #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients. Each instance of #$Hospital is a local (at one site - see #$HospitalBuilding) organization composed of physicians, support personnel, and usually administrators. The main function of the organization is to provide medical care (short or long term) to a number of patients/clients, for a fee if the patient/client is able to pay. A clinic services out-patients, while a hospital has in-patients. A hospital may have a clinic as a sub-organization, though. SUMO: A CareOrganization where patients reside for a short period of time while they undergo treatment for a disease or disorder. There seems to be no WordNet sense for the Organization. See HospitalBuilding. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareInstitution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom :HospitalBuilding ] . :HospitalBed :isNormallyLocatedAt :HospitalBuilding ; :ldoce "bed" ; :wnsense "hospital bed1n" ; :wordnet "hospital bed" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :OpenSidedSupportingObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Bed' designed to be used in a ''HospitalBuilding'', typically being more complex than a simple bed used in homes. A ''HospitalBed'' will be in some way adjustable, being able to be raised or lowered, or to have parts ('head' or 'foot') that can be raised or lowered so that the bed mattress is not flat. A Hospital may have beds that are not specifically designed as a ''Hospitalbed'', so the inpatient capacity of a ''Hospital'' should be the number of ''Bed''s not the number of ''HospitalBed''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hospital bed' in WordNet: 1. hospital bed - (a single bed with a frame in three sections so the head or middle or foot can be raised as required) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HospitalBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adjustable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HospitalBuilding :ldoce "hospital" ; :wnsense "hospital1n", "hospital2n" ; :wordnet "hospital" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Building which is owned and operated by a Hospital (organization), and where medical care is given and where beds are provided for temporary residence of sick people. NOTE that a HospitalBuilding is a ResidentialBuilding, though that is not its main function. (The first sense of 'institution' in RHW is the Organization. - hence, definition of 'hospital' is ambiguous) Represented approximately by senses 1 and 2 of 'hospital' in WordNet,though it is unclear if either refers specifically to a building; both seem to be locations, though sense 1 may be part of a building. in WordNet: 1. (25) hospital, infirmary - (a health facility where patients receive treatment) 2. hospital - (a medical institution where sick or injured people are given medical or surgical care) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalFacility, :ResidentialBuilding . :HospitalWard :wnsense "hospital ward1n", "ward3n" ; :wordnet "hospital ward", "ward" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This a structure that is a physical part of a Hospital building. ''HospitalWard''s are often numbers for use of thes taff and patients and visitors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hospital ward' in WordNet: 1. ward, hospital ward - (block forming a division of a hospital (or a suite of rooms) shared by patients who need a similar kind of care; 'they put her in a 4-bed ward') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lodging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hospital ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :HospitalWardRoom :CYC "WardRoom" ; :en "hospital ward room", "ward room" ; :guid "c0fd48fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hospital room1n" ; :wordnet "hospital room" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A patient room which is shared by many patients. Called 'Wardroom' in CYC. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hospital room' in WordNet: 1. hospital room - (a room in a hospital for the care of patients) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HospitalWard ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Hospitality :wnsense "cordial reception1n", "hospitality1n" ; :wordnet "cordial reception", "hospitality" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hospitality'' is a ''Welcoming'' in which one person or group of people provide some food and/or services to other people arriving at the facility that the welcoming person controls, often the home of the welcoming person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hospitality' in WordNet: 1. (1) cordial reception, hospitality - (kindness in welcoming guests or strangers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Welcoming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kind ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Friendly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hospitalization :wnsense "hospitalization1n" ; :wordnet "hospitalization" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hospitalization'' is a ''TimeOfOccurrance'' (a ''TimeInterval' during which something happens) during which a Person is residing in a ''Hospital''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hospitalization' in WordNet: 1. hospitalization - (a period of time when you are confined to a hospital; 'now they try to shorten the patient's hospitalization') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfAnOccurrance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StayingInaHospital ; owl:onProperty :hasEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hospitalizing ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingEvent ] . :Hospitalizing :wnsense "hospital care1n", "hospitalisation1n", "hospitalise1v", "hospitalization4n", "hospitalize1v" ; :wordnet "hospital care", "hospitalisation", "hospitalise", "hospitalization", "hospitalize" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hospitalizing'' is a ''PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution'' in which the Institution is a ''HospitalBuilding''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hospitalize' in WordNet: 1. hospitalize, hospitalise - (admit into a hospital; 'Mother had to be hospitalized because her blood pressure was too high') WN noun 'hospitalization': 4. hospitalization, hospitalisation, hospital care - (placing in medical care in a hospital) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HospitalBuilding ; owl:onProperty :hadEndingLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hospitalization ; owl:onProperty :starts ] . :Host :ldoce "host" ; :wnsense "host1n" ; :wordnet "host" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who organizes a social event and invites guests. This includes males and females. This is a Role and the label ''Host'' only applies for the time interval during which the Person is doing the ''HostingGuests''. @ToDO; This is the Agent that is the actor in 'HoldingAnEvent' when the Event is a Social event. For more formal Events, there is an 'organizer' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'host' in WordNet: 1. (8) host - (a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HostingGuests ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :HostForParasite :ldoce "host" ; :wnsense "host3n" ; :wordnet "host" ; a :OrganismType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any organism that is supporting the growth of another organism or of a virus. 'Parasite' in this type is not only technical 'parasites' but includes infectious agents such as intracellular bacteria and viruses. @ToDo: The ''supportsFunctioningOf'' restriction should be made into a subproperty for supporting growth (providesNuritionFor' ??). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'host' in WordNet: 3. (4) host - (an animal or plant that nourishes and supports a parasite; it does not benefit and is often harmed by the association) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DependentLifeForm ; owl:onProperty :supportsFunctioningOf ] . :Hostage :wnsense "hostage1n", "surety3n" ; :wordnet "hostage", "surety" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hostage'' is a 'Prisoner' who is being held by a captor (Person or Organization) as a 'bargaining chip' to obtain something from another Person who wants the Hostage to be released. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hostage' in WordNet: 1. hostage, surety - (a prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Prisoner, :Role . :Hostess :wnsense "hostess1n" ; :wordnet "hostess" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Host; who is a ''Woman''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hostess' in WordNet: 1. (2) hostess - (a woman host) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Host, :Woman . :Hostile :guid "bef571f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Hostility ; :wnsense "hostile1adj", "hostile3adj" ; :wordnet "hostile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of an Agent who is unfriendly with another to the degree that can cause the first Agent to act so as to insult or injure the other Agent. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being hostile. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'hostile' in Wordnet: 1. (5) hostile - (characterized by enmity or ill will; 'a hostile nation'; 'a hostile remark'; 'hostile actions') 3. (1) hostile - (very unfriendly; 'a hostile attitude') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unfriendly . :HostileSocialAction :guid "bd5883e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PurposefulAction and #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$HostileSocialAction is a hostile or pugnacious event, adverse to some agent(s), in which multiple agents, at least one of whom is acting deliberately, take part. Specializations of this collection include #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent and #$PoliticalDispute.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AntisocialAction, :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hostile ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hostility :guid "c0f484eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "enmity2n", "hostility1n", "hostility3n", "ill will1n", "ill will2n" ; :wordnet "enmity", "hostility", "ill will" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Hostility is some agent's feeling of strong antagonism towards some (individual or multi-individual) agent, sufficient to motivate harmful speech or actions against the latter. Instances of #$Hostility vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the object of the feeling. One notable specialization of #$Hostility is #$Hate. For a more intense feeling of hostility, the subtype ''Enmity'' can be used. This is not the same as ''Hate'',it can be an feeling of antagonism for an opponent (which does not preclude Hate as a component). Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'hostility' in Wordnet: 1. (3) hostility, ill will - (a hostile (very unfriendly) disposition; 'he could not conceal his hostility') 3. hostility, enmity, ill will (the feeling of a hostile person; 'he could no longer contain his hostility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :HostingGuests :eng "hosting" ; :guid "bd588dfe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "host1v" ; :wordnet "host" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which an agent plays host to (somehow looks after the wants of) visitors, guests, etc. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'host' in WordNet: 1. host - (be the host of or for; 'We hosted 4 couples last night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOccurrence, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visitor ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Host ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Hot :ldoce "hot" ; :wnsense "hot1adj" ; :wordnet "hot" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hot is a QualitativeAttributeValue for objects, indicating that the temperature of the object is significantly above a person's body temperature. For air,'hot' starts at about 85 deg F. For solid objects, a temperature of over 45 or 50 deg C would start to be uncomfortable for a person to handle, and be considered 'hot'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'hot' in WordNet: 1. (58) hot - (used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning; 'hot stove'; 'hot water'; 'a hot August day'; 'a hot stuffy room'; 'she's hot and tired'; 'a hot forehead') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Hot-Spicy :ldoce "hot" ; :wnsense "hot9adj" ; :wordnet "hot" ; a :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Spicy tasting - of Food or FoodObjects. See also 'SpicyTasting' - redundant? @ToDo: decide. Corresponds to adjective sense 9 of 'hot' in WordNet: 9. hot - (being very spicy; 'hot salsa'; 'jalapeno peppers are very hot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spicy . :HotAir :wnsense "hot air1n" ; :wordnet "hot air" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Air that is ''Hot''. i.e. it has a temperature noticeably above rooom temperature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hot air' in Wordnet: 1. hot air - (air that has been heated and tends to rise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Air, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hot ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HotAirObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject consisting mostly of ''HotAir'', i.e. some quantity of ''Air''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HotAir ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :HotChocolate :hasComponentSubstance :Chocolate, :Milk ; :wnsense "cocoa1n" ; :wordnet "cocoa" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cocoa' in Wordnet: 1. cocoa, chocolate, hot chocolate, drinking chocolate - (a beverage made from cocoa powder and milk and sugar; usually drunk hot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :NonAlcoholicBeverage . :HotCookingVessel :en "hot cooking vessel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HotCookingVessel'' is a CookingVessel whose outside surface is too hot to hold comfortably in the hand, (greater than 55 deg centigrade), and, requires potholders to hold (if it doesn't have a cooler handle), and may need a ''Trivet'' for support to avoid damage to a counter top or table top. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hot ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HotDogSandwich :guid "bf667acb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hot dog2n", "hotdog2n", "red hot1n" ; :wordnet "hot dog", "hotdog", "red hot" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hot dog' in WordNet: 2. hotdog, hot dog, red hot - (a frankfurter served hot on a bun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sandwich, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roll ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ] . :HotLine :wnsense "hot line1n" ; :wordnet "hot line" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HotLine'' is a ''TelephoneLink'' that is permanently available to transmit high-priority calls from one Head of State (or Government) to another It is usually highly secure. One example is the 'Hot Line' between Washington and Moscow. @TODO: to add detail we need representation of telephone communication between heads of state. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hot line' in WordNet: 1. hot line - (a direct telephone line between two officials) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TelephoneLink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighPriorityCall ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :HotObject :en "hot object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HotObject'' is any PhysicalObject that is ''Hot''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hot ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HotPepper :wnsense "hot pepper2n" ; :wordnet "hot pepper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hot pepper' in WordNet: 2. hot pepper - (any of various pungent capsicum fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pepper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hot-Spicy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HotSpring :guid "be01133d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "geyser1n" ; :wordnet "geyser" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A spring which periodically emits steam and hot water. The water has been heated to boiling underground by lava, and is then forced up through the hole in the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'geyser' in WordNet: 1. geyser - (a spring that discharges hot water and steam) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spring-WaterSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HotWater ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steam ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :HotWater :en "hot water" ; :enn "hot water" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HotWater'' is liquid ''Water'' that has been heated to or above 50 degrees Centigrade, and may exceed 100 degrees centigrade (boiling point at atmospheric pressure) if it is contained so that it is pressurized. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Water, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hot ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HotelBuilding :guid "bd58887b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hotel" ; :wnsense "hotel1n" ; :wordnet "hotel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A building with bedrooms, which people pay to use. For smaller hotels, use the subtype 'Inn'. This type includes 'Inn' as a subtype,but preferrred usage is for hotels who primary purpose (rather than ancillary purpose) is to provide lodging. This include Motels as a subtype. A 'B and B' would be a borderline subtpe,being 'commercial' at times when space in it is actually being rented out. For smaller hotels, use 'Inn'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hotel' in WordNet: 1. (39) hotel - (a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialBuilding, :ResidentialBuilding . :HotelOrganization :en "hotel", "hotel organization" ; :enn "hotel organization" ; :guid "825f2f6e-8e3d-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d0a8" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of organizations which run a #$HotelBuilding. (not represented in WordNet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialOrganization . :HotelSuite :wnsense "rooms1n", "suite2n" ; :wordnet "rooms", "suite" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HotelSuite'' is a residence unit (''SingleResidenceUnit'') that has more than one room (''MultiRoomUnit''), located in a Hotel or Motel or Inn or BandB or other Building where temporary living quarters are rented out. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suite' in WordNet: 2. (2) suite, rooms - (apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, :SingleResidenceUnit, :TemporaryLodgings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HotelBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Hothead :wnsense "harum-scarum1n", "hothead2n", "hotspur2n", "lunatic2n", "madcap1n" ; :wordnet "harum-scarum", "hothead", "hotspur", "lunatic", "madcap" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: a '''Daredevil'' (swashbuckler) is represented in a different type Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'hothead' in WordNet: 2. daredevil, madcap, hothead, swashbuckler, lunatic, harum-scarum - (a reckless impetuous irresponsible person) WN noun 'hotspur': 2. hotspur - (a rash or impetuous person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingRisks ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reckless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hotheaded :isTheOppositeOf :Impartial ; :wnsense "choleric2adj", "hot-tempered1adj", "hotheaded1adj", "irascible1adj", "quick-tempered1adj", "short-tempered1adj" ; :wordnet "choleric", "hot-tempered", "hotheaded", "irascible", "quick-tempered", "short-tempered" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hotheaded'' is a subtype of ''EmotionallyDisposed'' characterizing a Person who is easily roused to anger. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hotheaded' in Wordnet: 1. choleric, irascible, hotheaded, hot-tempered, quick-tempered, short-tempered - (quickly aroused to anger; 'a hotheaded commander') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionallyDisposed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anger ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Hotter :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Hot ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hotter'' is the comparative of ''Hot''. NOTE: that something that is cold but has warmed up from a lower temperature would not be classified as ''hotter''. If needed,'warmer' or 'less old' types could be created. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hot . :Hound :guid "bf73568b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hound dog1n", "hound1n" ; :wordnet "hound", "hound dog" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''Dog''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hound' in WordNet: 1. (2) hound, hound dog - (any of several breeds of dog used for hunting typically having large drooping ears) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dog . :Hour :ldoce "hour" ; :relatedInternalConcept :HourFn ; :wnsense "hour1n" ; :wordnet "hour" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all clock Hours. NOTe that this is not a measure, but some particular clock hour, e.g. from 3 to 4 PM, or 3:30 to 4:30 PM. The WordNet 'hour' sense 1 does not distinguish between any measure of one hour and a specific interval of one hour in a day, so the time duration entry 'OneHour' is also labeled by sense 1. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hour' in WordNet: 1. (93) hour, hr, 60 minutes - (a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day; 'the job will take more than an hour') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneHour ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ] . :HourFn a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty . :Hourglass :wnsense "hourglass1n" ; :wordnet "hourglass" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hourglass' in WordNet: 1. hourglass - (a sandglass that runs for sixty minutes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sandglass, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneHour ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :House :guid "bd58a1fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "house" ; :wnsense "house1n" ; :wordnet "house" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ResidentialBuilding that is not an ApartmentBuilding. A House should be constructed as a single living unit, even if it is very large. If subsequently subdivided, it would still be a House - the original design function is the identifying criterion. A Palace would be a borderline subtype. Called 'House-Modern' in Cyc. Cyc: Houses like those you would find in Europe, the US, and the larger towns and cities of the countries formerly colonized or conquered by the Western colonial/imperialist powers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'house' in WordNet: 1. (1029) house - (a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families; 'he has a house on Cape Cod'; 'she felt she had to get out of the house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residence, :ResidentialBuilding . :HouseAt735BelviderePlainfieldNJ :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :House . :HouseBoat :guid "c0fcddfe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "houseboat1n" ; :wordnet "houseboat" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Watercraft-Surface and #$HumanResidence. Each instance of this collection is a boat constructed with rooms so that it resembles a floating house. Note that boats large enough to resemble floating hotels rather than houses fall into other collections such as #$OceanLiner. For COSMO the maximum length is set at 200 feet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'houseboat' in WordNet: 1. houseboat - (a barge that is designed and equipped for use as a dwelling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Barge, :FuelPoweredDevice, :Residence, :Watercraft-Surface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "6000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :HouseFly :guid "d41e6796-f023-41d6-860a-b4c190d30794" ; :wnsense "Musca domestica1n", "house fly1n", "housefly1n" ; :wordnet "Musca domestica", "house fly", "housefly" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A medium-sized fly often found in houses, and prevalent in most areas of the world. The most familiar fly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'house fly' in WordNet: 1. housefly, house fly, Musca domestica - (common fly that frequents human habitations and spreads many diseases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fly . :HouseMouse :guid "d79d7240-f023-41d6-8ffe-d920d07d7ca3" ; :ldoce "mouse" ; :wnsense "house mouse1n" ; :wordnet "house mouse" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A common mouse, prevalent throughout the world, and often found in or near human habitations. The most familiar mouse. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'house mouse' in Wordnet: 1. house mouse, Mus musculus - (brownish-grey Old World mouse now a common household pest worldwide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mouse, :Omnivore . :HouseOfPrayer :wnsense "house of God1n", "house of prayer1n", "house of worship1n", "place of worship1n" ; :wordnet "house of God", "house of prayer", "house of worship", "place of worship" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'house of prayer' in WordNet: 1. place of worship, house of prayer, house of God, house of worship - (any building where congregations gather for prayer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousBuilding . :HousePainter :guid "c1007bf1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "house painter1n" ; :wordnet "house painter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who paints houses as a job. This includes paining the exterior and interior (e.g. walls and ceilings). These may be distinguished. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'house painter' in WordNet: 1. house painter - (a painter of houses and similar buildings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Painter-Tradesperson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaintingaHouse ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :HousePlant :en "house plant" ; :enn "house plant" ; :wnsense "houseplant1n" ; :wordnet "houseplant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HousePlant'' is a loose informal category of plants that are used indoors for decoration, not more than 2.5 meters high (large plants may be used in large atria,but are not ''HousePlant''s. A ''''HousePlant''' can be of many types, often flowering plants, but also ferns or cacti. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'houseplant' in WordNet: 1. houseplant - (any of a variety of plants grown indoors for decorative purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IndoorLocation ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2500"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters ] . :HouseholdAppliance :guid "bd588993-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "home appliance1n", "household appliance1n" ; :wordnet "home appliance", "household appliance" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the Cyc documentation specifies this type as a subtype of 'MechanicalDevice' but there are strictly electrical devices that qualify, such as an electric stovetop. In COSMO this type includes certain electrical devices that are found in a household, including those that supply heat, and 'Iron-Appliance' for smoothing cloth. But light fixtures are not included in this type. *NOTE* that the kind of 'appliances'' that may be used in a ''HumanOccupationConstruct'' other than a Residence, such as including large buildings is represented by the parent type ''Appliance''. Cyc: A specialization of #$MechanicalDevice. Each instance of #$HouseholdAppliance is a device used in one of the tasks typically carried on in a home, such as food preparation, food storage, laundry, household cleaning, personal cleaning, and cooling or heating the house for comfort. Specializations of #$HouseholdAppliance include the collections #$Oven, #$Refrigerator, #$ClothesDryer, #$VacuumCleaner, #$HotWaterHeater, and #$Furnace. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'household appliance' in WordNet: 1. home appliance, household appliance - (an appliance that does a particular job in the home) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appliance, :PoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PlaceOfResidence :Lodging :ResidentialBuilding ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation ] . :HouseholdAttachment :guid "bd589c15-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Attachments are attached to buildings. Cyc: More or less built-in stuff like washbasins, closets, on the wall coat hangers etc. that one finds in houses or other buildings.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attachment, :DurableGood, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyConnectedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BuiltIn ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HouseholdItems :en "household items" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''HouseholdItems'' are ProductObjects other than Food that are commonly used around the house in daily living, some of which are sold in a''Supermarket''. Things like paper products, pet products, personal hygeine products such as soap and toothpaste, cleaning products, and others. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Merchandise, :UsefulThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ProductObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HouseholdRoutine ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :HouseholdLinen :wnsense "household linen1n", "white goods2n" ; :wordnet "household linen", "white goods" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One ''HouseholdLinen'' is a piece of ''ManufacturedGoods'' that is not a ''ClothingItem''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'household linen' in WordNet: 1. white goods, household linen - (drygoods for household use that are typically made of white cloth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drygoods . :HouseholdRoutine :en "household routine" ; a :RegularlyRepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HouseholdRoutine'' includes those parts of a ''DailyRoutine' that are performed at home. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DailyRoutine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Home ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Housekeeper :guid "bd58944f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "housekeeper1n" ; :wordnet "housekeeper" ; a :HumanRoleType, :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'housekeeper' in WordNet: 1. housekeeper - (a servant who is employed to perform domestic task in a household) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticHelp . :Housekeeping :wnsense "housekeeping1n", "housework1n" ; :wordnet "housekeeping", "housework" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The kind of work in the home that a ''Housewife'' performs. With children at home,it is more than ''Full-time''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'housekeeping' in WordNet: 1. (2) housework, housekeeping - (the work of cleaning and running a house) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Housewife ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Housetop :en "house-top" ; :wnsense "housetop1n" ; :wordnet "housetop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The roof of a ''House''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'housetop' in Wordnet: 1. housetop - (the roof of a house; 'shout it from the housetops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roof, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :House ] . :Housewife :wnsense "homemaker1n", "housewife1n", "lady of the house1n", "woman of the house1n" ; :wordnet "homemaker", "housewife", "lady of the house", "woman of the house" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Housewife'' is a ''Wife'' who spends most of her time managing the household and caring for children while the husband earns an income. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'housewife' in WordNet: 1. (5) housewife, homemaker, lady of the house, woman of the house - (a wife who manages a household while her husband earns the family income) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wife, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Housekeeping ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Hovercraft :en "air cushion vehicle" ; :guid "bedc8395-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ground-effect machine1n", "hovercraft1n" ; :wordnet "ground-effect machine", "hovercraft" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of vehicles which ride above the surface of the water on a cushion of air, usually provided by fans. RHW: ACV: 2. air cushion vehicle: any of various vehicles that ride over water or terrain on a cushion of air generated by downward-thrusting fans and are pushed forward by one or more air propellers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hovercraft' in WordNet: 1. hovercraft, ground-effect machine - (a craft capable of moving over water or land on a cushion of air created by jet engines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationContainerProduct, :Watercraft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-bottomed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hovering :wnsense "hover3v" ; :wordnet "hover" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hovering'' is a ''FlyingAction'' in which the flying object remains stationary for some interval of time above the floor or ground. Can be performed by certain type of aircraft, by hovercraft, by drones and by humingbirds, and possibly other objects. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 3 of 'hover' (the ''be suspended' in the gloss is interpreted as by its own power, not hanging from something) in WordNet: 3. (2) hover - (hang in the air; fly or be suspended above) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlyingAction . :Howitzer :en "howitzer" ; :enn "howitzer" ; :guid "c10096c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection. Each instance is a large #$Weapon too large for one person to carry and used for indirect shooting. A #$Howitzer has a caliber larger than 15mm and fires projectiles at medium muzzle speed with a trajectory over 45 degrees. WIkipedia: A howitzer is generally a large ranged weapon that stands between an artillery gun which have smaller, higher-velocity shells fired at flatter trajectories and a mortar which fires at higher angles of ascent and descent. Howitzers, like other artillery equipment, are usually organized in groups called batteries. NOTE: WN 'howitzer' synset includes the term 'mortar' but the portable mortar is represented by ''MortarGun''. The ''MortarGun'' is smaller and can fire at a higher angle of elevation than a typical ''Howitzer''. This sense of ''Howitzer'' includes the small cannon mounted on a base with wheels, that makes it portable and that allows Howitzer bsrrel to recoil. The CYC 'Howitzer' is larger than a ''MortarGun'', though both have high angles of fire, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'howitzer' in WordNet: 1. mortar, howitzer, trench mortar - (a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldArtillery . :Hub :wnsense "hub1n" ; :wordnet "hub" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The middle part of a Device that is designed to rotate, and is usually attached to a shaft that connects the object it is part of to other parts of some Device. isTypicallyConnectedTo Shaft? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hub' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hub - (the central part of a car wheel (or fan or propeller etc) through which the shaft or axle passes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MiddleOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RotatableComponent :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shaft ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ] . :HubAndRim a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''HubAndRim'' is the pair of objects consisting of the inner and outer parts of a single ''Wheel''. This is used to express the function of a ''Spoke'', the thing that connects the two elements of the pair. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WheelRim ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hub ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wheel ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Hubris :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Proud ; :wnsense "hubris1n" ; :wordnet "hubris" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hubris'' is a form of ''Arrogance'' in which the Person having that attribute presumes to say or do things that are clearly inappropriate but that Person does not show any concern about how others will react to this presumption. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hubris' in WordNet: 1. (1) hubris - (overbearing pride or presumption) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrogance . :Huddle :wnsense "huddle1n", "powwow1n" ; :wordnet "huddle", "powwow" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Huddle'' is a ''BandOfPeople'' who have come together closely - often but not necessarily in contact,so that the body heat of each can affect the others. This may be a means of keeping warm in cold weather, but it also includes a football ''Huddle' where the players are very close. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'huddle' (any ''Clustering'' where the people are all in talking distance) in WordNet: 1. (2) huddle, powwow - ((informal) a quick private conference) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandOfPeople . :HuddlngTogether :wnsense "huddle together1v", "huddle1v" ; :wordnet "huddle", "huddle together" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HuddlngTogether is a ''ClusteringTogether'' Action in which three or more animals (including people) *intentionally* come within a close distance from each other. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'huddle' in WordNet: 1. (6) huddle, huddle together - (crowd or draw together; \"let's huddle together-it's cold!\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GatheringTogether, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfAnimals ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Huddle ] . :HudsonRiver :flowsInto :AtlanticOcean ; :guid "bd58f0c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """one of the principal rivers of the world; flows past New York City into the Atlantic Ocean; associated with the Hudson River School of painting and Washington Irving's fiction such as the legend of Rip Van Winkle and Sleepy Hollow""" . :Hue :wnsense "hue1n" ; :wordnet "hue" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Hue' is the general term that specifies the quality of the color, independent of its level of 'saturation' (amount of white, gray, or black mixed in with the spectrum), or of its intensity. Hue is what most people think of when they say 'color.', though the combination of hue and saturation also gives rise to color names, as in 'dusty rose' (rose with some gray mixed in). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hue ' in Wordnet: 1. (6) hue, chromaticity - (the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :HueArea :isSmallerThan :VietnamArea ; a :CityRegion . :Huff :wnsense "huff1n", "miff1n", "seeing red1n" ; :wordnet "huff", "miff", "seeing red" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Huff'' is the Emotion of a person who has been greatly annoyed to the level of anger by another Person(s), and is tempted by resentment to show the anger in some way. RHW 'huff': a mood of sulking anger; a fit of resentment: Just because you disagree, don't walk off in a huff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'huff' in WordNet: 1. huff, miff, seeing red - (a state of irritation or annoyance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anger, :Annoyance . :Huge :en "very large" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :VeryLarge ; :isTheOppositeOf :Small ; :wnsense "elephantine1adj", "enormous1adj", "gargantuan1adj", "giant1adj", "huge1adj", "immense1adj", "jumbo1adj", "tremendous1adj", "vast1adj" ; :wordnet "elephantine", "enormous", "gargantuan", "giant", "huge", "immense", "jumbo", "tremendous", "vast" ; a :AppearanceType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Huge'' is a more intensive subtype of 'large' - of PhysicalObjects or Actions, but referring only to the size, without the connotations of ''Great''. Ranges from 'very large' to 'astronomical'. Several 'very big' words seems to have the same or overlapping meanings: Includes adjective sense 1 of 'huge' and adj sense 1 of 'enormous' an adj sense 1 of 'giant' in WordNet: 1. (24) huge, immense, vast, Brobdingnagian - (unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope; 'huge government spending'; 'huge country estates'; 'huge popular demand for higher education'; 'a huge wave'; 'the Los Angeles aqueduct winds like an immense snake along the base of the mountains'; 'immense numbers of birds'; 'at vast (or immense) expense'; 'the vast reaches of outer space'; 'the vast accumulation of knowledge...which we call civilization \" - W.R.Inge) WN adj 'enormous': 1. (17) enormous, tremendous - (extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree; 'an enormous boulder'; 'enormous expenses'; 'tremendous sweeping plains'; 'a tremendous fact in human experience; that a whole civilization should be dependent on technology'- Walter Lippman; 'a plane took off with a tremendous noise') WN adj 'giant': 1. (9) elephantine, gargantuan, giant, jumbo - (of great mass; huge and bulky; 'a jumbo jet'; 'jumbo shrimp') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VeryLarge . :Huh :en "hu", "huh" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Huh'' is an Exclamation that is used in several contexts; it can mean what did you say?' when a Person hears something indistinct from another person. RHW: (used as an exclamation of surprise, bewilderment, disbelief, contempt, or interrogation.) = 'uh' in this sense """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :Hula :wnsense "Hawaiian dancing1n", "hula-hula1n", "hula1n" ; :wordnet "Hawaiian dancing", "hula", "hula-hula" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Hula'' is a form of dancing that is common in a Hawaian culture and also performed in shows outside Hawaii. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hula' in WordNet: 1. hula, hula-hula, Hawaiian dancing - (a Polynesian rain dance performed by a woman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChoreographedDancing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woman ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HulaHoop :wnsense "hula hoop1n" ; :wordnet "hula hoop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HulaHoop'' is a light plastic ''Hoop'' about three feet in diameter, used as a toy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hula hoop' in Wordnet: 1. hula-hoop - (plaything consisting of a tubular plastic hoop for swinging around the hips) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedLoopObject, :Toy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plastic ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Hull :wnsense "hull6n" ; :wordnet "hull" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hull'' is the lower part of the rigid frame of a ship, in contact with water. The ''Hull' of a large ship will have one or more 'decks' serving as floors to support people or objects. From Wikipedia: The hull is the watertight body of a ship or boat. Above the hull is the superstructure and/or deckhouse, where present. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline. The structure of the hull varies depending on the vessel type. In a typical modern steel ship, the structure consists of watertight and non-tight decks, major transverse and watertight (and also sometimes non-tight or longitudinal) members called bulkheads, intermediate members such as girders, stringers and webs, and minor members called ordinary transverse frames, frames, or longitudinals, depending on the structural arrangement. The uppermost continuous deck may be called the upper deck, weather deck, spar deck, main deck, or simply deck. The particular name given depends on the context - the type of ship or boat, the arrangement, or even where it sails. Not all hulls are decked (for instance a dinghy). In a typical wooden sailboat, the hull is constructed of wooden planking, supported by transverse frames (often referred to as ribs) and bulkheads, which are further tied together by longitudinal stringers or ceiling. Often but not always there is a centerline longitudinal member called a keel. In fiberglass or composite hulls, the structure may resemble wooden or steel vessels to some extent, or be of a monocoque arrangement. In many cases, composite hulls are built by sandwiching thin fiber-reinforced skins over a lightweight but reasonably rigid core of foam, balsa wood, impregnated paper honeycomb or other material. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hull' in Wordnet: 6. hull - (the frame or body of ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BottomPart, :Frame, :SurfacePortion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTouch ] . :HullNumber :en "hull number" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HullNumber is a CodeString assigned to an individual hull (the essential component of a vessel) by its manufacturer, and represented in some physical tag attached to the hull. Used in maritime applications.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CodeString . :HumanAccessibleIBO :guid "bdd08ee2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$HumanAccessibleIBT and #$InformationBearingObject. Each instance of #$HumanAccessibleIBO is an object (i.e. an instance of #$PartiallyTangible) that can be interpreted by a #$Person to yield information. Examples include street signs, product wrappings and roulette wheels. #$InformationBearingObjects requiring a device to convert them into human understandable form (such as DVDs) are not included. Most instances of #$HumanAccessibleIBO are also instances of #$StillImageSource. Objects such as Braille book copies, however, are not (since they are not interpreted visually). Objects that are instances of #$HumanAccessibleIBT, #$StillImageSource and #$Artifact fall into the collection defined as the intersection of these three - #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAccessibleIBT, :InformationBearingObject . :HumanAccessibleIBT :guid "bebb52e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$InformationBearingThings, each of which contains information, for a #$Person who understands how to interpret it. Examples include a copy of the novel _Moby Dick_, a signal buoy, a #$Photograph, a #$Flag, an elevator sign in Braille, a map, a US dollar bill, a word in #$AmericanSignLanguage and a musical performance. #$InformationBearingThings that must be processed by some device (movie reels, #$PhonographRecords, #$DVD-Disks, etc.) are not included in this collection. An important specialization of this collection is #$HumanAccessibleIBO, composed of #$HumanAccessibleIBTs that are also objects (i.e,. instances of #$PartiallyTangible). Thus the copy of _Moby Dick_, the buoy, the photograph and the flag mentioned above are also #$HumanAccessibleIBOs -- but not the word in #$AmericanSignLanguage, nor the musical performance.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingThing . :HumanActivity :guid "bd588deb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "act", "activity", "affair", "matter", "thing" ; :wnsense "act2n", "activity1n", "affair1n", "human activity1n", "human process1n", "matter2n", "thing8n" ; :wordnet "act", "activity", "affair", "human activity", "human process", "matter", "thing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AnimalActivity. Each instance of #$HumanActivity is a spatially-localized action each of whose doers (see #$doneBy) is typically either a #$HomoSapiens or a group of humans (i.e. a #$Group all of whose members are #$HomoSapiens or groups of humans). NOTE that this is a ''ConsciousActivity'' and does not include ''SleepingEvent'', but can only be done while ''Awake''. NOTE: This type differs from the CYC gloss above in that this is an activity that is traditionally performed by at least one ''Person'' (with or without participation of some ''NonHumanAnimal'' and/or automaton). This type represents an Action that is performed by one or more agents that include at least one ''Person'' but some 'NonHumanAnimal''s and/or automatons may be involved. An 'automaton' is included for those Actions that a ''Person'' can or would normally perform. The broadest category of characteristically human actions - Includes sense 2 of 'activity' in Longman: ' things that people do in order to achieve a particular aim' and its subtype, sense 1: 'something that you do because you enjoy it', which is more specifically represented by 'RecreationalActivity' in COSMO. NOTE that WN 'human process' seems to be very close this concept, but in part due to the separation of nouns and verbs and of actions and processes in Wordnet, the subtypes of 'HumanActivity' are not included in the subtypes of 'human process' in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'act' and sense 1 of 'human_activity' and sense 1 of 'affair' and sense 8 of 'thing' and sense 2 of 'matter' and noun sense 1 of 'human process' in WordNet: 2. (26) act, human action, human activity - (something that people do or cause to happen) WN noun 'affair': 1. (23) matter, affair, thing - (a vaguely specified concern; 'several matters to attend to'; 'it is none of your affair'; 'things are going well') WN noun 'human process': 1. human process - (a process in which human beings are involved) WN noun 'activity': 1. (614) activity - (any specific behavior; 'they avoided all recreational activity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :ConsciousActivity, :Occasion, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :Person :GroupOfPeople :Organization :Automaton ) ] ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :HumanAdult :en "grown-up" ; :enn "grown-up" ; :guid "bd58b2f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "adult" ; :wnsense "adult1n", "grownup1n" ; :wordnet "adult", "grownup" ; a :LifeStageType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Person, and an instance of #$HumanTypeByLifeStageType. Each instance of this collection is a person old enough to participate as an independent, mature member of society. In most modern Western contexts it is assumed that anyone over 18 is an adult. However, in many cultures, adulthood occurs when one reaches puberty. Adulthood is #$contiguousAfter (q.v.) childhood. Notable specializations of this collection include #$AdultMaleHuman, #$AdultFemaleHuman, #$MiddleAgedHuman and #$OldHuman. SUMO: The class of Humans that are 18 years of age or older. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'adult' in WordNet: 1. (5) adult, grownup - (a fully developed person from maturity onward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdultAnimal, :Person ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Person :AdultAnimal ) ] . :HumanAgent :en "human agent", "person or team" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HumanAgent'' is a type that includes both individual ''Person''s and ''Team''s that could be either a ''GroupOfPeople'' or an Organization.. This is needed occasionally to represent the meaning of actions or Roles that can be performed or played by either an individual Person or a GroupOfPeople (or, to be sufficiently broad) a ''Team'' of peple that may or may not be an Organization. This differs from ''IntelligentAgent'' mostly in excluding automatons. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent . :HumanAttributeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'HumanAttributeType' is an instance of 'AttributeValueType' used as the Type restriction on AttributeValue that characterize attributes of people (humans). Such attributes may be used metaphorically for animals or other agents. @ToDo: as of rev1015 this was just added, and is not yet used for most human attributes; using this should eventually be a means of finding all human attributes, but not *every* use of concepts tagged with this type will be intended as labeling a human""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType . :HumanBody :isaPartOf :Person ; :ldoce "body" ; :wnsense "body1n" ; :wordnet "body" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HumanBody is the physical part of a Person, living or dead. In a materialistic view, this would be identical to the type 'Animal'; however, this accommodates the spiritualist view that a person is composed of Body and Soul, and therefore that the body is only a part of a whole Person. This means that in COSMO a 'PhysicalObject' can have a part that is not a PhysicalObject. Only if the 'hasPhysicalPart' relation is used will the implication be that only a PhysicalObject can be the value of the relation. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'body' (referring to humans) in WordNet: 1. (536) body, organic structure, physical structure - (the entire structure of an organism (especially an animal or human being); 'he felt as if his whole body were on fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBody, :HumanBodyPart . :HumanBodyPart :isAnOrganicPartOf :Person ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A, 'AnimalBodyPart' that is or was a part of some Person (human being). NOTE also that body liquids such as blood and lymph are not considered 'AnimalBodyPart' in COSMO, but are categorized as 'BodyFluid'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:AnimalBodyPart [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] ) ] . :HumanCorpse :ldoce "body" ; :wnsense "body2n", "corpse1n", "dead body1n" ; :wordnet "body", "corpse", "dead body" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The dead body of a person. NOTE: in SUMO this is described as: SUMO: A Dead thing which was formerly a Human. To be a Corpse rather than a skeleton the Corpse needs to have some flesh, even if mummified naturally or artificially. However,in COSMO the relation is that a Person 'has' a body, not that a Person 'is' its body. In COSMO a dead Person is a Person with the vitality attribute 'Dead', so a Dead Person still exists in COSMO, and can be said to 'have' a Corpse. This will allow phrases like 'John's corpse' to be interpreted literally,, as the corpse that John (clearly a dead person) has, or the corpse 'of' John. A person can 'have' only one corpse at a time, though an agent might own other corpses (e.g.mummies) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corpse' and includes part of sense 2 of 'body' (the human sense) in WordNet: 1. (22) cadaver, corpse, stiff, clay, remains - (the dead body of a human being; 'the cadaver was intended for dissection'; 'the end of the police search was the discovery of a corpse'; 'the murderer confessed that he threw the stiff in the river'; 'honor comes to bless the turf that wraps their clay') WN noun 'body': 2. (266) body, dead body - (a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person; 'they found the body in the lake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corpse, :HumanBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasOfType ] . :HumanEar :isAnOrganicPartOf :Person ; :ldoce "ear" ; :wnsense "ear1n" ; :wordnet "ear" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HumanEar'' is the ''Ear'' of a Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ear' in WordNet: 1. (36) ear - (the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HumanEye :en "human eye" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Face ; :wnsense "eye1n", "oculus1n", "optic1n" ; :wordnet "eye", "oculus", "optic" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HumanEye is a ''MammalEye'' on a Person. No specific WN definition; use WN 'eye' and differentiation need context. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MammalEye, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HumanFace :wnsense "face1n", "human face1n" ; :wordnet "face", "human face" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HumanFace'' is a ''Face' on a Person. Similar to SUMO: The part of the Head from forehead to chin and from ear to ear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'face' in WordNet: 1. (193) face, human face - (the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear; 'he washed his face'; 'I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :Face, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HumanFetus :en "human fetus" ; :enn "human fetus" ; a :LifeStageType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''HuanFetus'' is a ''Fetus'' that is developing inside a ''Woman'' (a human female), which, if and when born alive, will become a ''Person''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fetus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woman ; owl:onProperty :isContainedInObject ] . :HumanFoot :ldoce "foot" ; :wnsense "foot2n", "human foot1n", "pes1n" ; :wordnet "foot", "human foot", "pes" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """More specific than just ''Foot'', this is One of the two feet of a ''Person''. in Wordnet: 2. (426) foot, human foot, pes - (the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint; 'his bare feet projected from his trousers'; 'armored from head to foot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HumanForaging :en "foraging" ; :wnsense "forage1v", "scrounge1v" ; :wordnet "forage", "scrounge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HumanForaging'' is a ''SearchingForFood'' that could be solely for the purpose of ''GatheringFOodInTheWild'' or could be both to find food and eat it on the spot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forage' in WordNet: 1. scrounge, forage - (collect or look around for (food)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :SearchingForFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GatheringFoodInTheWild ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingEvent ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :HumanGroup :isaSynonymOf :GroupOfPeople ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Synonym of 'GroupOfPeople'; A Group, all of whose elements are individual human beings.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :HumanGroupActivity :wnsense "group action1n" ; :wordnet "group action" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''HumanActivity'' necessarily performed by a ''GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople''. SocialOccurrence: the people can be cooperating or competing, or merely separetly performing an action that as a total is perceived as a group action (as, particpating in a gathering)! ??This differs slightly from 'SocialOccurrence' in that a 'SocialOccurrence' is an action whose meaning focuses on the interaction among some human group, whereas the interaction(s) among the Group may not be the focus of some subtypes. GroupAction as parent - include animals and Same as SocialOccurrence? **** Make subtype where group has common goal??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'group action' in WordNet: 1. (1) group action - (action taken by a group of people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CooperationEvent, :DoingThingsTogether, :SocialOccurrence . :HumanHair :guid "4c8b2440-533c-11d8-9abb-0002b396fafa" ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Person ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Substance ''Hair'' that is growing on some part of a Person. CYC ('HumanHair-Stuff'): The collection of the material of which #$Hair-Strands of instances of #$HomoSapiens are composed.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hair . :HumanHairObject :en "human hair object" ; :enn "human hair object" ; :guid "4c8b2440-533c-11d8-9abb-0002b396fafa" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of the material of which #$Hair-Strands of instances of #$HomoSapiens are composed. Not necessarily on the head. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :HumanBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hair ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :HumanHead :guid "bd58ba60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "head" ; :wnsense "attic3n", "bean4n", "bonce1n", "dome2n", "head1n", "noggin1n", "noodle2n" ; :wordnet "attic", "bean", "bonce", "dome", "head", "noggin", "noodle" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Head'' on a ''Person''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (for humans) of 'head' in WordNet: 1. (208) head, caput - (the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; 'he stuck his head out the window') WN noun 'noggin': 2. attic, bean, bonce, noodle, noggin, dome - (informal terms for a human head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Head-Vertebrate, :HumanBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HumanHip :isAdjacentTo :Waist ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Trunk-BodyCore ; :wnsense "hip1n" ; :wordnet "hip" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Hip (one of two hips) that is the part of a human's body. CYC: The area on the side of the thighs, just below the waist Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hip' in WordNet: 1. (5) hip - (either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hip, :HumanBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trunk-BodyCore ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HumanIllness a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any AilmentCondition that specifically affects a human, and no other type of organism.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus :causesAilment :AIDS ; :wnsense "HIV2n", "human immunodeficiency virus1n" ; :wordnet "HIV", "human immunodeficiency virus" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus'' (HIV) is atype of ''Virus'' that can cause ''AIDS''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'human immunodeficiency virus' in WordNet: 2. human immunodeficiency virus, HIV - (the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); it replicates in and kills the helper T cells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LivingBiologicalAgent, :PathogenicVirus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AIDS ; owl:onProperty :causesInfectiousDisease ] . :HumanInfant :guid "bd58cba5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "baby" ; :wnsense "babe1n", "baby1n", "infant1n" ; :wordnet "babe", "baby", "infant" ; a :HumanRoleType, :LifeStageType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The limiting age is not distinct - it definitely is over by school age (6 or so). For infants still feeding from bottles or using a ''HighChair'' to eat at. CYC: A specialization of #$HomoSapiens, and an instance of #$HumanTypeByLifeStageType. Each instance of this collection is a human in the infant stage of life. Functionally, this ends when the infant learns to walk (even just toddle) and/or talk (even a few words)... or, at latest, when the person's age greatly exceeds that at which most people develop those skills. Generally, this means that it spans the period from birth to about 12 - 18 months old. A notable specialization of this collection is #$NewbornBaby. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infant' and sense 1 of 'baby' in WordNet: 1. (3) baby, babe, infant - (a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk; 'isn't she too young to have a baby?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanPreSchoolageChild, :YoungHuman . :HumanLanguage :guid "bf948aa1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Language. Each instance of this collection is a language that is used by human communities for communication. This collection differs from #$NaturalLanguage in that a #$HumanLanguage may be purposefully created, while #$NaturalLanguages evolve without a purposeful creation process. Instances of #$HumanLanguage thus include not only many #$NaturalLanguages, but also made-up languages like Esperanto and many (non-natural) #$SignLanguages. SUMO: The subclass of Languages used by Humans.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Language . :HumanLargeGroupOccupationConstruct :guid "bd58cf4a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$HumanOccupationConstruct which you might expect to find occupied by a large group or groups of people. Examples would include theatres, dance clubs, airplane cabins, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstruct . :HumanLeg :en "human leg" ; :enn "human leg" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Leg on a human. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'leg' in WordNet: 1. (75) leg - (a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanBodyPart, :Leg, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HumanLip :isAnOrganicPartOf :Mouth, :Person ; :ldoce "lip" ; :wnsense "lip1n" ; :wordnet "lip" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Either of the two fleshy parts or folds forming the margins of the mouth in a Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lip' in WordNet: 1. (57) lip - (fleshy folds of tissue as those surrounding the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanBodyPart, :Lip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HumanMothersMilk :en "breast milk", "breastmilk" ; :enn "breastmilk" ; :hasColor :White ; :hasComponentSubstance :Lactose, :Protein ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :FemalePerson ; :isSecretedBy :Teat ; :wnsense "mother's milk1n" ; :wordnet "mother's milk" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HumanMothersMilk'' is ''MothersMilk'' from a lactating human woman who has recently given birth. This is not necessarily the mother of the child suckling, it could be that of a 'wet nurse'. Also called 'breastmilk'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mother's milk' in WordNet: 1. mother's milk - (milk secreted by a woman who has recently given birth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MothersMilk . :HumanMummy :wnsense "mummy2n" ; :wordnet "mummy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The dead body of a person that has been mummified by an artificial process, and wrapped - the protypical type being those from ancient Egypt. Corresponds part (human mummies) of noun sense 2 of 'mummy' in WordNet: 2. mummy - (a body embalmed and dried and wrapped for burial (as in ancient Egypt)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corpse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasOfType ] . :HumanMutant :en "human mutant" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HumanMutant'' is a ''Person'' who is a ''Mutant'' who has a mutation that causes some significant variation in phenotypic characteristics. NOTE: many mutations do not cause any noticeable, not even subtle, differences in perceptible characteristics of an organism, even if they can be detected by DNA analysis. This type is for people who have a mutation that causes some noticeable difference from the most common variant. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mutant, :Person . :HumanOccupancy :wnsense "inhabit2v", "occupancy1n", "occupy1v" ; :wordnet "inhabit", "occupancy", "occupy" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HumanOccupancy'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'', specific for ''Person''s, representing the ''PersistingEvent'' in which a 'Person'' is located in some place for some period of time, not just passing through. This can be used for 'occupying'' a seat in a vehicle or theater or a booth inside some building; for residing use the subtype ''LodgingSomewhere'' NOTE: the concept of 'inhabiting' a place is represened by the subtype ''LodgingSomewhere''. NOTE: 'tenancy' is used as a label for the subtype ''LodgingSomewhere'' or ''Residing''. Corresponds approximaely to verb sense 1 of 'occupy' and noun sense 1 of 'presence' in WordNet: 1. (22) inhabit, occupy - (be present in; be inside of) WN noun 'occupancy' 1. (1) occupancy, tenancy - (an act of being a tenant or occupant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaPlace, :Presence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ] . :HumanOccupationConstruct :guid "bd58a036-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ConstructionArtifact and #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject. Each instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct is a construction artifact whose primary function is to serve as a place where people perform certain activities. Instances of #$HumanOccupationConstruct include instances of #$HumanShelterConstruction (e.g., houses), sub-regions within a #$HumanShelterConstruction which are intended for human use (e.g., rooms, shower stalls), and regions in any transportation vehicle which are designed for human occupancy (e.g., a cockpit, a passenger compartment). Note that some buildings which are not themselves instances of #$HumanOccupationConstruct, such as #$HooverDam, may have a sub-region which is a #$HumanOccupationConstruct (e.g., the control room at the top of the dam). Note also that the collection #$HumanOccupationConstruct is broad enough to include tents, boiler rooms, elevator shafts, steam tunnels, and the space inside the #$LincolnMemorialInWashingtonDC. Consequently, an instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct need not be completely indoors (see #$Indoors-IsolatedFromOutside), although it cannot be purely outdoors (see #$OutdoorLocation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :ContainerArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :HexalateralObject, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject . :HumanOccupationConstructObject :guid "bd590775-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Artifact and #$HumanScaleObject. Each instance of #$HumanOccupationConstructObject is an artifact that is of a type typically found in some indoor place where humans live or work - i.e. in some instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct. Since these objects are normally found indoors, they are all roughly human-sized . Instances of #$HumanOccupationConstructObject include everything from furniture to tools, appliances to artwork, medical examining tables to church altars and pews.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :HumanScaleObject . :HumanOccupationConstructResident :guid "bd58a4df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each specialization of #$HumanOccupationConstructResident is a type of creature that commonly resides in structures that house people (see the related constant #$HumanOccupationConstruct) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :IndividualAgent . :HumanPenis :isAnOrganicPartOf :MalePerson ; :wnsense "cock1n", "dick2n", "member5n", "pecker1n", "penis1n", "peter2n", "phallus2n", "prick3n", "putz2n", "shaft6n", "tool4n" ; :wordnet "cock", "dick", "member", "pecker", "penis", "peter", "phallus", "prick", "putz", "shaft", "tool" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all penises. An instance of this collection is an external sex #$Organ of a male #$Mammal that is used in #$SexualCopulation and #$Urinating. NOTE:WN parent 'erectile organ - (an organ containing erectile tissue)' is not yet in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penis' in Wordnet: 1. penis, phallus, member - (the male organ of copulation ('member' is a euphemism)) WN noun 'prick': 3. cock, prick, dick, shaft, pecker, peter, tool, putz - (obscene terms for penis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Penis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MalePerson ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :HumanPopulation :ldoce "population" ; :wnsense "population1n" ; :wordnet "population" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all people living in the same location. This corresponds to the 'population' of some geographical area. Inclusion in the population is determined by location, not by citizenship, but is intended to be those considering themselves residents at any given time. A population may be said to have certain characteristics, provided that those characteristics are stable for some period of time in a given area. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'population' in WordNet: 1. (27) population - (the people who inhabit a territory or state; 'the population seemed to be well fed and clothed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :Population, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :HumanPoweredDevice a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device that us designed to be used when powered by human muscle power.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusclePoweredDevice . :HumanPreSchoolageChild :guid "bd58c6f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "preschooler1n" ; :wordnet "preschooler" ; a :HumanRoleType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Kids who aren't old enough to start school yet (under 5 years of age). Includes sense 1 of 'preschooler' in WordNet, but includes any child prior to entering kindergarten, whether or not they attend a preschool. in WordNet: 1. preschooler, kindergartner, kindergartener - (a child who attends a preschool or kindergarten) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Child, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LessThanFive ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaximumAge7 ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ] . :HumanPreschooler :guid "bf7ef3bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kindergartener1n", "kindergartner1n", "preschooler1n" ; :wordnet "kindergartener", "kindergartner", "preschooler" ; a :LifeStageType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Children of the proper age to be in preschool (more or less ages 3-5 years), but not yet old enough to be in a ''GrammarSchool'' , and who are atending ('studying at') some 'Preschool', in a 'preschool' facility. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preschooler' in WordNet: 1. preschooler, kindergartner, kindergartener - (a child who attends a preschool or kindergarten) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanPreSchoolageChild, :Student, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Preschool ; owl:onProperty :isStudyingAt ] . :HumanRelationship :wnsense "connection1n", "human relationship1n", "relationship1n", "relationship2n", "relationship3n" ; :wordnet "connection", "human relationship", "relationship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HumanRelationship'' is a connection, assocation, or interaction of any kind between people, or between an ''IntellgentAgent'' (Person, GroupOfPeople, or Organization) and another ''IntellgentAgent''. Although in COSMO this is a subtype of ''Relationship'' (which is a subtype of AbstractEntity), this is more concretely a 'State' in which people *have* a relationship to each other or to some GroupOfPeople. Includes all 4 senses of 'relationship' in WordNet: 1. (38) relationship, human relationship - (a relation between people; ('relationship' is often used where 'relation' would serve, as in 'the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of 'relationship' is for human relations or states of relatedness); 'the relationship between mothers and their children') 2. (10) relationship - (a state of connectedness between people (especially an emotional connection); 'he didn't want his wife to know of the relationship') 3. (8) relationship - (a state involving mutual dealings between people or parties or countries) 4. kinship, family relationship, relationship - ((anthropology) relatedness or connection by blood or marriage or adoption) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomething, :PersistentState, :Relation . :HumanRelaxingEvent :en "resting" ; :eng "resting" ; :ldoce "rest" ; :wnsense "breathe7v", "catch one's breath1v", "decompress3v", "ease5n", "loosen up1v", "relax1v", "relaxation5n", "repose1n", "rest2n", "rest2v", "slow down5v", "take a breather1v", "unbend5v", "unwind3v" ; :wordnet "breathe", "catch one's breath", "decompress", "ease", "loosen up", "relax", "relaxation", "repose", "rest", "slow down", "take a breather", "unbend", "unwind" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which a Human relaxes (usually sitting or lying down, sometimes standing up for brief resting periods) while awake, and does not perform any strenuous physical activity (but may talk or read). A more specifically human subtype of the Cyc type named 'Resting-Relaxing'. NOTE: this or the parent may be broken into shorter and longer periods of relaxing. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'rest' (which seems to apply mostly to humans), and to sense 1 of 'relax' in WordNet : in WordNet: WN verb 'rest': 2. (8) rest, breathe, catch one's breath, take a breather - (take a short break from one's activities in order to relax) WN noun 'rest': 2. (6) rest, ease, repose, relaxation - (freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility); 'took his repose by the swimming pool') WN 'relax\"' 1. (17) relax, loosen up, unbend, unwind, decompress, slow down - (become less tense, rest, or take one's ease; 'He relaxed in the hot tub'; 'Let's all relax after a hard day's work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecreationalActivity, :Resting-RelaxingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HumanResidenceArea a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GeographicalArea (PhysicalObject) where more than a few 'Residence''s are located. The minimum is set to 5 residences but this restriction might more appropriately be expressed by a minimum population density. There is no maximum. Occupies some ''HumanResidenceRegion''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanResidenceRegion ; owl:onProperty :occupiesTheRegion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residence ; owl:minCardinality "5"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :HumanResidenceRegion :guid "bd58caab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Region where more than a few 'Residence''s are located. The minimum is set to 5 residences but this restriction might more appropriately be expressed by a minimum population density. There is no maximum. CYC: A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. Each instance of #$HumanResidenceRegion is a region in which a number of people live semi-permanently (that is, for a duration of at least a year or more). Examples include #$SanFranciscoBayArea, #$ResearchTrianglePark, research stations at the #$SouthPole, and radar posts in the Aleutians.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorLocation, :PopulatedPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residence ; owl:minCardinality "5"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :HumanRole a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """HumanRole is the root category for people who are referenced in some particular role - professional, or by the Role they play in some Event. But this does not cover acting 'roles', which are represented as subtypes of 'PretendingRole'. NOTE that as a 'TemporalThing', all instances of 'HumanRole' must have their starting and ending time points (or time intervals) specified. See 'TemporalThing'. For many HumanRoles, people occupy that role only for some interval of time, therefore the participation in a Role must be time-indexed in some way. Each Role is a TemporalThing, which can point to starting and ending times using the relations 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint'. An alternative method used in COSMO is to use the relation 'isServingInTheRoleOf'. This is an assertion that in itself carries no time-indexing, therefore would have to be used in an assertion that was reified and related to the valid time period by one of the 'holds' relations. Another method is to attach to each distinguishable Role its own specific relation, such as (for 'Student') 'startedAsStudent' and endedAsStudent', each relation pointing to a particular date. When there can be multiple disjoint periods of time that a Role can be occupied (as with Student), that relation cannot be functional. A third method to express the time indexing of a role is to point to an instance of RoleSituation, which is a StaticSituation, and can specify all of the arguments of the Role. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentInRole, :HumanAgent, :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasRoleFiller ] . :HumanRoleType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """RoleType is a metaclass that is a subclass of both 'PersonType' and 'RoleType'. It is used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of HumanRole as their argument. @mod55 """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentRoleType, :PersonType . :HumanScaleObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$HumanScaleObject is an object that can be perceived and manipulated by human beings. Instances of this collection range roughly from objects the size of pinheads to objects the size of aircraft carriers. COSMO Note: In Cyc, ConstructionArtifacts were subtypes of HumanScaleObject, but that does not fit the definition of manipulable by humans, so a size limit on HumanScaleObject should be considered as not much larger than an Aircraft Carrier, and stationary construction artifacts (which could be as large as the Alaska Pipeline or the Great Wall of China) will be subtypes of MacroscopicObject, which can be very large. For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: LargeObject HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroscopicObject . :HumanSensitivity a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'HumanSensitivity' is a BehavioralDisposition of a Person that specifies how that person is likely to react to some specific stimulus There may be more than one possible reaction, with probabilities for each. @ToDo: a relation to the stimulus is probably a related primitive notion for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BehavioralDisposition, :Sensitivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :HumanSexualIntercourse :en "be intimate with", "have intercourse with", "have sex with", "having sex", "make love to", "make love with", "make out with", "making love" ; :wnsense "bang5v", "be intimate1v", "bed4v", "bonk1v", "do it1v", "eff1v", "fuck1n", "fuck1v", "fucking1n", "get it on1v", "get laid1v", "have a go at it1v", "have intercourse1v", "have it away1v", "have it off1v", "have sex1v", "hump1v", "jazz2v", "know8v", "lie with1v", "love4v", "make love1v", "make out6v", "nookie1n", "nooky1n", "roll in the hay1v", "screw1v", "screw5n", "screwing1n", "shag4n", "shtup1n", "sleep with1v" ; :wordnet "bang", "be intimate", "bed", "bonk", "do it", "eff", "fuck", "fucking", "get it on", "get laid", "have a go at it", "have intercourse", "have it away", "have it off", "have sex", "hump", "jazz", "know", "lie with", "love", "make love", "make out", "nookie", "nooky", "roll in the hay", "screw", "screwing", "shag", "shtup", "sleep with" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HumanSexualIntercourse'' is ''SexualCopulation'' (see type) by two humans. NOTE: classifying this as a ''PleasantEvent'' does not mean it is necessarily always pleasant for both parties. Notably the subtype ''Rape'' is invariably unpleasant for at least one. NOTE that the WN gloss included transitive and intrasitive senses. For some transitive senses in which the partner is usually prefixed by 'with', additional 'en' labels are added having the 'with' after the WN synset word. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'have sex' and noun sense 1 of 'fuck' in WordNet: 1. roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with, get laid, have sex, know, do it, be intimate, have intercourse, have it away, have it off, screw, fuck, jazz, eff, hump, lie with, bed, have a go at it, bang, get it on, bonk - (have sexual intercourse with; 'This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm'; 'Adam knew Eve'; 'Were you ever intimate with this man?') WN noun 'fucking': 1. fuck, fucking, screw, screwing, ass, nooky, nookie, piece of ass, piece of tail, roll in the hay, shag, shtup - (slang for sexual intercourse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PleasantEvent, :PleasuresOfTheFlesh, :SatisfyingaDesire, :SexualCopulation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualGratification ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :HumanShelterConstruction :guid "bd58cd3f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ShelterConstruction and #$HumanOccupationConstruct. Each instance of #$HumanShelterConstruction is a place designed to shelter people from the elements by allowing them to get indoors. Specializations include #$ModernHumanResidence, #$SchoolBuilding, #$ShoppingMallBuilding, and many others. Each instance of #$HumanShelterConstruction must have a roof and typically has sides, though the latter may be flimsy (as in instances of #$TentTheShelter) or even absent (as in some instances of #$ParkingGarage). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shelter' in WordNet: 1. (56) shelter - (a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic, :HumanOccupationConstruct, :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :HumanSizedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HumanSizedObject'' fills the gap between ''PortableObject' and ''HumanScaleObject'' (which can be bigger than a house. A ''HumanSizedObject'' is not portable (for most people, not for weight lifters) but is smaller than a house. Prototypical sould be an ''Automobile''. For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: LargeObject HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroscopicObject . :HumanSubject :ldoce "subject" ; :wnsense "case8n", "guinea pig1n", "subject5n" ; :wordnet "case", "guinea pig", "subject" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HumanSubject' is a Person who is being used in a scientific or medical investigation, being subjected to some experimental procedure; the procedure does not have to involve physical action on the body it can be an investigation of behavior. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'subject' in WordNet: 5. (97) subject, case, guinea pig - (a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation; 'the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly'; 'the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Research ] . :HumanToddler :guid "bd58e2bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bambino1n", "toddler1n", "tot2n" ; :wordnet "bambino", "toddler", "tot" ; a :HumanRoleType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The toddler stage begins at about 1 year of age, when a child begins to walk and talk, and ends at about 3-1/2 when the child is probably toilet trained and has a number of advanced physical skills, like running and climbing with coordination. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toddler' in WordNet: 1. toddler, yearling, tot, bambino - (a young child) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Child, :HumanPreSchoolageChild . :HumanWalkingProcess :guid "bf0fce23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "walking1n" ; :wordnet "walking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$HumanCapabilityType and a specialization of #$AnimalWalkingProcess and #$WalkingOnTwoLegs. Each instance of this collection is a walking event in which the locomotor is a #$Person. Specializations include #$Backpacking and #$RaceWalkingEvent. A Person walking - a ''Walking'' done by a Person rather than a NonHumanAnimal or an Automaton or an ExtraTerrestrial. Corresponds (presumably) to noun sense 1 of 'walking' in WordNet: 1. walk, walking - (the act of traveling by foot; 'walking is a healthy form of exercise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :WalkingOnTwoLegs, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :HumanWatchdog :wnsense "watchdog1n" ; :wordnet "watchdog" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HumanWatchdog' is a 'Protector' who protects by metaphorically keeping watch, involving the monitoring of activites of people in some Organization(s) to detect theft or other illegal or wasetful activities. 'The Inspector general is the chief in-house watchdog for government wrongdoing.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watchdog' in WordNet: 1. watchdog - (a guardian or defender against theft or illegal practices or waste; 'she is the global watchdog for human rights abuses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protector . :HumanYouth :guid "c10b66cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "youth" ; :wnsense "youth1n" ; :wordnet "youth" ; a :HumanRoleType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person under 18 years - a Role. In Cyc 'YoungHuman' is a person under 35, but that level of discrimination is not needed yet. (v 0.32) SUMO: The class of Humans that are younger than 18 years of age. Cyc:A specialization of #$HomoSapiens. Each instance of this collection is a human less than 35 years of age. This collection is disjoint with #$OldHuman - the collection of humans more than 60 years of age. Notable specializations of #$YoungHuman include #$Child, #$HumanTeenager and #$HumanYoungAdult. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'youth' in WordNet: 1. (323) young person, youth, younker, spring chicken - (a young person (especially a young man or boy)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :JuvenileAnimal, :Person, :YoungHuman . :Humane :wnsense "humane2adj" ; :wordnet "humane" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'humane' in Wordnet: 2. humane - (marked or motivated by concern with the alleviation of suffering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benevolent . :Humanitarian :pertainsTo :HumanActivity, :Humanitarianism, :Person ; :wnsense "human-centered1adj", "human-centred1adj", "humanist4adj", "humanistic4adj", "humanitarian1adj", "humanitarian2adj" ; :wordnet "human-centered", "human-centred", "humanist", "humanistic", "humanitarian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the two senses of 'humanitarian' in WN are not clearly distingsuished logically, and have been merged here. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'humanitarian' in Wordnet: 1. (1) human-centered, human-centred, humanist, humanistic, humanitarian - (marked by humanistic values and devotion to human welfare; 'a humane physician'; 'released the prisoner for humanitarian reasons'; 'respect and humanistic regard for all members of our species') 2. humanitarian - (of or relating to or characteristic of humanitarianism; 'humanitarian aid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Humanitarianism :wnsense "humanism1n", "humanitarianism1n" ; :wordnet "humanism", "humanitarianism" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :MentalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humanitarianism' in WordNet: 1. humanitarianism, humanism - (the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhilosophicalSchool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Philosophy ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Humanities :wnsense "arts1n", "humanistic discipline1n", "humanities1n", "liberal arts1n" ; :wordnet "arts", "humanistic discipline", "humanities", "liberal arts" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Humanities'' is a broad ''FieldOfStudy'' whose topics include languages, history, musc, fine arts, performing rts and philosophy, among others. Within a faculty of 'Arts and Sciences' at a college or university this is the part that contains almost anything but the sciences or engineering. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humanities' in WordNet: 1. humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal arts, arts - (studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills); 'the college of arts and sciences') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy . :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject is a place that humans occupy. Instances include both movable things, such as cars and ships, and things having a more or less permanent location, such as houses or office buildings. Instances include things made by human beings, such as subway stations or concert halls, as well as things not made by human beings, such as caves.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroscopicObject . :HumanoidRobot :wnsense "robot1n" ; :wordnet "robot" ; a :AgentType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HumanoidRobot'' is a ''Robot'' that has the appearance of a ''Person'' (Human being) and can perform *some* physical actions intended to look as though they were performed like a ''Person''. As of 2019 no ''HumanoidRobot'' is close enough to be mstaken for a real ''Person'', but such ''HumanoidRobot'' are prtrayed in fictional books and moves, were they are sometimes refered to as 'androids'. In COSMO an ''Android'' is represented as a ''FictionalThing'' (a ''MentalObject'') and therefore cannot be considered as a subtype of ''Robot'' yet. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'robot' in WordNet (see parent type ''Automaton'' to include non-physical objects: in WordNet: 1. automaton, robot, golem - (a mechanism that can move automatically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Robot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :Humble :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Humility ; :isTheOppositeOf :Proud ; :wnsense "humble2adj" ; :wordnet "humble" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing ''Humility''. The parent type attribute is given as ''Dissatisfied'' ''Unhappy'' which is not quite right. The absence of ''Pride'' does not necessarily mean that one is ''Dissatisfied'' of ''Unhappy'' - but it comes close. It assumes that everyone wants to do something to feel proud about. @ToDo - another more general feeling attribute? Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'humble' in WordNet: 2. (1) humble - (marked by meekness or modesty; not arrogant or prideful; 'a humble apology'; 'essentially humble...and self-effacing, he achieved the highest formal honors and distinctions'- B.K.Malinowski) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dissatisfied . :Humbug :wnsense "baloney1n", "bilgewater1n", "boloney1n", "bosh1n", "buncombe1n", "bunk4n", "bunkum1n", "guff1n", "hogwash1n", "humbug1n", "nonsense1n", "rot1n", "tommyrot1n", "twaddle1n" ; :wordnet "baloney", "bilgewater", "boloney", "bosh", "buncombe", "bunk", "bunkum", "guff", "hogwash", "humbug", "nonsense", "rot", "tommyrot", "twaddle" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Humbug'' is any information conveyed that is not just *not* credible, but very clearly so: nonsensical, silly, or utterly meaningless. This is very broad. The WN gloss includes annoying 'unacceptable behavior', but that needs to be represented by a different type. The term ''Nonsense''is used as the label for a subtype that is a ''LinguisticAssertion''. Perhaps these two should be merged? Includes noun sense 1 of 'humbug' and the part of senses 4 and 5 of 'bunk' that refer to information communicated, in WordNet: 1. baloney, boloney, bilgewater, bosh, drool, humbug, taradiddle, tarradiddle, tommyrot, tosh, twaddle - (pretentious or silly talk or writing) WN noun 'bunk' (for sense 4, the ludicrously false statements): 4. bunk, bunkum, buncombe, guff, rot, hogwash - (unacceptable behavior (especially ludicrously false statements)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nonsensical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incredible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Humdrum :isTheOppositeOf :Exciting, :Glamorous ; :wnsense "commonplace2adj", "humdrum1adj", "prosaic3adj", "unglamorous1adj", "unglamourous1adj" ; :wordnet "commonplace", "humdrum", "prosaic", "unglamorous", "unglamourous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'humdrum' in Wordnet: 1. commonplace, humdrum, prosaic, unglamorous, unglamourous - (not challenging; dull and lacking excitement; 'an unglamorous job greasing engines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Common, :Unexciting, :Uninteresting . :Humectant :wnsense "humectant1n" ; :wordnet "humectant" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Humectant' is an instance of some 'SubstanceType' that cane be used to preserve moisture in some substance mixture. Examples of substances that can fill the Role of 'Humectant' are Glycerol and propylene glycol. (Here to complete level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.36).) e.g. Glycerol mayFillTheRoleOf Humectant - see 'Glycerol' ?Perhaps make type 'HumectantType' so this can be an instance? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humectant' in WordNet: 1. humectant - (any substance that is added to another substance to keep it moist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole . :HumectantType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """HumectantType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances that can fill the Role of 'Humectant'. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoleType, :SubstanceType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Humectant ; owl:onProperty :mayFillTheRoleOf ] . :Humerus :guid "c1430c1b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "humerus1n" ; :wordnet "humerus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humerus' in WordNet: 1. humerus - (bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmBone, :LongBone . :Humid :wnsense "humid1adj" ; :wordnet "humid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Humid'' is the attribute of some part of the atmosphere where the relative humidity is over 70%. The most comfortable humidity level at 72-75 deg F is about 45%. This criterion for 'Humid' is somewhat arbitrary, as different people will feel the humidity differently; also, the effect depends on temperature. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'humid' in WordNet: 1. humid - (containing or characterized by a great deal of water vapor; 'humid air'; 'humid weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moist . :Humidifier :en "humidifier" ; :enn "humidifier" ; :guid "bfedff1a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: 1. a device for increasing the amount of water vapor in the air of a room or building, consisting of a container for water and a vaporizer. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumidifyingAir ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterVapor ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :HumidifyingAir :guid "bd58f715-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "humidify1v", "moisturise1v", "moisturize1v" ; :wordnet "humidify", "moisturise", "moisturize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of intrinsic state-change processes which increase the concentration of water vapor in some portion of air. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'humidify' in WordNet: 1. humidify, moisturize, moisturise - (make (more) humid; 'We have a machine that humidifies the air in the house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelativeHumidity ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Humidifier ; owl:onProperty :isaDesignFunctionOf ] . :Humidity :wnsense "humidity1n", "humidness1n" ; :wordnet "humidity", "humidness" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Humidity'' is a subtype of ''Wetness'' specifically characterizing the amount (absolute or relative) of ''WaterVapor'' in the Air in some location, indoors or outdoors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humidity' in WordNet: 1. (1) humidity, humidness - (wetness in the atmosphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wetness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :AirObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterVapor ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ] . :Humidor :en "humidor" ; :enn "humidor" ; :guid "bee637e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: a container or storage room for cigars or other preparations of tobacco, fitted with means for keeping the tobacco suitably moist. No WN sense of 'humidor' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HexalateralBox, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tobacco ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cigar ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Humiliated :isMoreIntenseThan :Embarrassed ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Mortification ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Mortification ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :HumiliatingSomeone ; :wnsense "broken3adj", "crushed2adj", "humbled1adj", "humiliated1adj", "humiliated2adj", "low9adj", "mortified2adj" ; :wordnet "broken", "crushed", "humbled", "humiliated", "low", "mortified" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Humiliated'' is a moreintensive degreee of ''Embarrassed'', for people who have experienced ''HumiliatingSomeone''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and art of sense 2 of 'humiliated' in Wordnet: 1. broken, crushed, humbled, humiliated, low - (subdued or brought low in condition or status; 'brought low'; 'a broken man'; 'his broken spirit') 2. embarrassed, humiliated, mortified - (made to feel uncomfortable because of shame or wounded pride; 'too embarrassed to say hello to his drunken father on the street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Embarrassed, :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Humiliating :wnsense "demeaning1adj", "humbling1adj", "humiliating1adj", "mortifying2adj" ; :wordnet "demeaning", "humbling", "humiliating", "mortifying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Humiliating'' is an AttributeValue of actions that demonstrate such a lack of capability (in whatever way relevant to performing that Action) that causes the actor to feel ''Shamed'' - although the action itself is not ''Shameful'', it is merely poor quality of the performance that causes an awareness in the actor that others may get a low opinion of the actor because of it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'humiliating' in Wordnet: 1. (2) demeaning, humbling, humiliating, mortifying - (causing awareness of your shortcomings; 'golf is a humbling game') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :HumiliatingSomeone :causesMentalEventType :Mortification ; :wnsense "abase1v", "chagrin1v", "humble2v", "humiliate1v", "mortify3v" ; :wordnet "abase", "chagrin", "humble", "humiliate", "mortify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''HumiliatingSomeone'' is a more ''EmbarrassingSomeone'' that is an ''Action'' that causes a person to feel ''Humiliation''. That ''Action'' can be performed by the Person who gets ''Humiliated'' or by another person, e.g. someone who reveals a secret about a Person who then gets ''Humiliated''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'humiliate' in WordNet: 1. (2) humiliate, mortify, chagrin, humble, abase - (cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of; 'He humiliated his colleague by criticising him in front of the boss') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmbarrassingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mortification ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Humiliated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embarrassing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Humility :guid "bd589ccc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "humility1n", "humility2n" ; :wordnet "humility" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Insignificance, Inferiority: feeling of absence of pride in oneself and in one's achievement, with the connotation of undue self-deprecation, humilliation or abjectness. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'humility' in Wordnet: 1. (2) humility, humbleness - (a disposition to be humble; a lack of false pride; 'not everyone regards humility as a virtue') 2. (1) humility, humbleness - (a humble feeling; 'he was filled with humility at the sight of the Pope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Humming :wnsense "hum1v" ; :wordnet "hum" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Making musical tones with the mouth closed, without actually speaking words; a type of ''vocalizing'' that is not actually ''Speaking''. In WN this is classified as a type of 'singing', but in COSMO 'Singing' requires at least an open mouth, and usually some words. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hum' in Wordnet: 1. (4) hum - (sing with closed lips; 'She hummed a melody') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, :Vocalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :Music ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HummingSound ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] . :HummingSound :wnsense "hum3n" ; :wordnet "hum" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One or more Sounds having a steady low pitch. This can be produced by human ''Humming'' or by natural or mechaincal processes that produce sounds like a human 'hum' (as with traffic or smoothly operating machinery). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hum' in Wordnet: 3. hum, humming - (a humming noise; 'the hum of distant traffic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Hummingbird :guid "c10ae6a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hummingbird1n" ; :wordnet "hummingbird" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all hummingbirds, i.e. members of the #$BiologicalFamily Trochilidae. The smallest birds are hummingbirds. Hummingbirds have a diet that is mainly nectar from flowers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hummingbird' in WordNet: 1. hummingbird - (tiny American bird having brilliant iridescent plumage and long slender bills; wings are specialized for vibrating flight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApodiformBird, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iridescent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IridescentPlumage ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Humor :ldoce "humor" ; :wnsense "humor1n", "humour2n", "wit3n", "witticism1n", "wittiness1n" ; :wordnet "humor", "humour", "wit", "witticism", "wittiness" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The content of a Communication that is Humorous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'humor' in WordNet: 1. (8) wit, humor, humour, witticism, wittiness - (a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Humorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Humorous :ldoce "humorous" ; :wnsense "humorous1adj" ; :wordnet "humorous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of an Event or Object or of the content of a Communication that causes Amusement or Laughter. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'humorous' in WordNet: 1. (9) humorous, humourous - (full of or characterized by humor; 'humorous stories'; 'humorous cartoons'; 'in a humorous vein') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Funny . :Hundredth :en "100th" ; :hasNumericalAbbreviation "100th" ; :hasOrderNumber "100"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "hundredth" ; :wnsense "hundredth1n" ; :wordnet "hundredth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The hundredth element in a series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hundredth' in WordNet: 1. hundredth - (position 100 in a countable series of things) """ . :Hungarian :wasCreatedBy :HungarianSpeakers ; :wnsense "Hungarian2n", "Magyar2n" ; :wordnet "Hungarian", "Magyar" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Hungarian' in Wordnet: 2. Hungarian, Magyar - (the official language of Hungary (also spoken in Rumania); belongs to the Ugric family of languages) """ . :HungarianSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Hungary :wnsense "Hungary1n" ; :wordnet "Hungary" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Hungary' in WordNet: 1. (2) Hungary, Republic of Hungary, Magyarorszag - (a republic in central Europe) """ . :Hunger :ldoce "hunger" ; :wnsense "hunger1n" ; :wordnet "hunger" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An unpleasant internal Sensation caused by physiological processes reacting to lack of food in the ''Stomach''. Its evolutionary survival value is to prompt the Animal to eat and get adequate nourishment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hunger' in WordNet: 1. (9) hunger, hungriness - (a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appetite, :BodySensation, :UnpleasantBodyEvent . :Hungry :guid "66bbacda-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Hunger ; :ldoce "hungry" ; :wnsense "hungry1adj" ; :wordnet "hungry" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of an Animal that is experiencing Hunger. In Cyc 'Hungry' represents a hungry animal. In COSMO it is the attribute of a hungery animal, and usage is different. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hungry' in WordNet: 1. (7) hungry - (feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food; 'a world full of hungry people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Hunk :wnsense "hunk2n", "lump1n" ; :wordnet "hunk", "lump" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hunk'' is a solid ''Piece'' of some solid substance, it can be hand-sized but may be large (e.g. a 'hunk of concrete fell from the building ledge'). The ''Hunk'' itself is a ''HomogeneousObject'; though the Object of which it is a 'Piece' ned not be homogeneous. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'hunk' in WordNet (NOTE this type is not necesarily large): in WordNet: 1. (4) hunk, lump - (a large piece of something without definite shape; 'a hunk of bread'; 'a lump of coal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousObject, :PieceOfAnObject, :SolidObject . :Hunter :wnsense "hunter1n", "huntsman1n" ; :wordnet "hunter", "huntsman" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hunter'' is the Role of a Animal (usually a person) who is now hunting or habitually hunts. A Role that is more often temporary than professional. This includes Animals who hunt as well as people (see ''HuntingAnimal''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hunter' in WordNet: 1. (7) hunter, huntsman - (someone who hunts game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hunting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Hunting :en "hunting" ; :guid "bd58bb94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hunt" ; :wnsense "hunt1v" ; :wordnet "hunt" ; a :MotionType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Cats hunt for mice indoors, so the Cyc requirement 'outdoor' must be taken as a default. Cyc: An instance of #$SkilledActivityType. Each instance of #$Hunting is a primarily land-based #$OutdoorActivity in which an #$Animal (or #$Group thereof) searches for other (typically weaker) #$Animals to kill for food and/or sport. When #$Hunting is performed by humans, #$ProjectileWeapons are usually used. NOTE that this includes animals who try to catch fish, but for humans who try to catch fish, use 'Fishing'. This type is only for hunting on the ground. SUMO: Hunting is the class of Processes in which an animal or animals are pursued and sometimes captured and/or killed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hunt' in WordNet: 1. (4) hunt, run, hunt down, track down - (pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals); Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland'; 'The dogs are running deer'; 'The Duke hunted in these woods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :OutdoorActivity, :Pursuing . :HuntingAnimal :en "hunting animal" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A NonHumanAnimal that hunts for food (rather than grazing or scavenging). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore, :NonHumanAnimal, :Predator . :HuntingDog :wnsense "hunting dog1n" ; :wordnet "hunting dog" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: a ''HuntingDog'' can also be kept as a pet animal, wwith no intention of using it in hunting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hunting dog' in WordNet: 1. hunting dog - (a dog used in hunting game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dog, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hunting ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :HuntingKnife :guid "be01105e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hunting knife1n" ; :wordnet "hunting knife" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large pointed knife typically used in hunting or fishing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hunting knife' in Wordnet: 1. hunting knife - (a large sharp knife with a handle shaped to fit the grip) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knife, :ManufacturedGoods, :Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hunting ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fishing ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ] . :Hurdle :guid "bd58e2f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hurdle1n" ; :wordnet "hurdle" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of hurdles that runners jump over in HurdleSportsEvents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hurdle' in WordNet: 1. (1) hurdle - (a light movable barrier that competitors must leap over in certain races) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarrierObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :PortableObject, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HurdleRace ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :HurdleRace :guid "bd58a6b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hurdle race1n", "hurdles1n", "hurdling1n" ; :wordnet "hurdle race", "hurdles", "hurdling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'HurdleSportsEvent': The collection of races with hurdles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hurdle race' in WordNet: 1. hurdles, hurdling, hurdle race - (a footrace in which contestant must negotiate a series of hurdles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndividualSportsCompetition, :ShortDistanceFootRace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hurdle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hurdling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Hurdling :en "hurdling", "jumping a hurdle", "jumping over a hurdle" ; :wnsense "hurdle1v" ; :wordnet "hurdle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hurdle' in WordNet: 1. (2) hurdle - (jump a hurdle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JumpingOverSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HurdleRace ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hurdle ; owl:onProperty :hasThingPassed ] . :Hurling :wnsense "cast4v", "hurl1v", "hurtle3v" ; :wordnet "cast", "hurl", "hurtle" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Hurling'' is a ''Tossing'' event in which a Person or Device propels some SolidObject forcefully thrugh the air, usually in a specific direction, but not necessarily with the intention of harming some object in the path of the hurled object. This includes the throwing of a bseball in professional ball games, and ''Hurling'' destructive objects with a catapult or trebuchet.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hurl' in WordNet: 1. (9) hurl, hurtle, cast - (throw forcefully) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedTranslation, :Impelling, :Throwing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :Device :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hurrah :wnsense "hurrah1n", "hurrah1v" ; :wordnet "hurrah" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The word 'hurrah' suddenly emitted loudly, to express approval or agreement, or elation at an accomplishment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'hurrah' in Wordnet: 1. hurrah, hooray - (a victory cheer; 'let's give the team a big hurrah') WN verb 'hurrah': 1. hurrah - (shout 'hurrah!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cheering, :Exclamation . :HurricaneAsEvent :guid "19774776-a745-41d7-99c9-ebb7a7c07ed8" ; :hasSubEvent :Wind ; :wnsense "hurricane1n" ; :wordnet "hurricane" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances of the weather phenomenon,considered as Events with beginning and end times. Subtype of both storm and wind. Wordnet makes no distinction betweenhe Event and Object aspects of a 'hurricane': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hurricane' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hurricane - (a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving a 73-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalDisaster, :StormAsEvent, :Wind, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HurricaneAsObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DangerousSituation ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :HurricaneAsObject :consistsMostlyOfSubstance :Rain ; :guid "be010754-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hurricane1n" ; :wordnet "hurricane" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A cyclone with high-speed winds and thunderstorms. See also #$HurricaneAsEvent. Wordnet makes no distinction betweenhe Event and Object aspects of a 'hurricane': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hurricane' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hurricane - (a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving a 73-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StormAsObject . :HurricaneDeck :en "top deck" ; :wnsense "hurricane deck1n", "promenade deck1n" ; :wordnet "hurricane deck", "promenade deck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The top deck of a large multi-deck ship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hurricane deck' in Wordnet: 1. (2) hurricane deck, hurricane roof, promenade deck, awning deck - (a deck at the top of a passenger ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Platform, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Boat ] . :Hurried :ldoce "quick" ; :wnsense "fast8adj", "hurried1adj", "quick2adj", "rush2adj", "rushed1adj" ; :wordnet "fast", "hurried", "quick", "rush", "rushed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of an Action that is performed at a more rapid pace than is usual for that type of Action, because of a sense of urgency in the agent doing the Action.. This is a subtype of 'quick', more specific in that it means that the manner of performing the activity is more rapid than usual due to a sense of urgency on the part of the performer (rather than from other causes); one implication is that a 'Hurried' action may not be done as carefully as is desirable, and the quality of the result may be less than normal, or the quantity of results less than normal. 'A hurried paint job, with visible streaks remaining' 'A quick visit to New York, with only time enough to visit one museum'. Contrasts with 'unhurried' 'liesurely', 'meticulous', and in one sense 'careful' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hurried', and sense 2 of 'quick' to part of the sense 1 of 'rushed' in WordNet: WN 'hurried' 1. (3) hurried - (moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste; 'a hurried trip to the store'; 'the hurried life of a city'; 'a hurried job') WN 'rushed' 1. rush, rushed - (done under pressure; 'a rush job') WN 'quick' 2. (6) flying, quick, fast - (hurried and brief; 'paid a flying visit'; 'took a flying glance at the book'; 'a quick inspection'; 'a fast visit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quick . :Hurrying :en "hastening", "hurrying", "rushing" ; :ldoce "hurry", "rush" ; :wnsense "hasten1v", "hurry2v", "rush4v" ; :wordnet "hasten", "hurry", "rush" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An intentional Action performed more quickly than is usual for that kind of activity. This is general quick action, including Actions that do not involve moving from place to place - such as hurrying the preparation of something, or hurrying a reading task. In general, Actions that are Hurrying will also be instance of other Action types. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'hurry' and sense 4 of 'rush' and sense 1 of 'hasten' in WordNet: 2. (8) rush, hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate - (act or move at high speed; 'We have to rush!'; 'hurry-it's late!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hurried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hurtling :eng "hurtling" ; :wnsense "hurtle1v" ; :wordnet "hurtle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hurtling'' is a ''Translocation'' that is a rapid (''Fast'') linear (at any given time point) motion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hurtle' in WordNet: 1. (3) hurtle - (move with or as if with a rushing sound; 'The cars hurtled by') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fast ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Husband :ldoce "husband" ; :wnsense "husband1n" ; :wordnet "husband" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of a man who is married to a woman. Includes the male partner in formalized male-male marriages. (new usage after 2014). In Cyc represented only as the relation 'spouse'. See 'hasSpouse' for the comparable COSMO relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'husband' in WordNet: 1. (70) husband, hubby, married man - (a married man; a woman's partner in a marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spouse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Marriage ] . :Hush :wnsense "hush1n", "still1n", "stillness1n" ; :wordnet "hush", "still", "stillness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hush'' is a temporary state of ''Silence'' in a location where sounds are common. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hush' in WordNet: 1. (1) hush, stillness, still - ((poetic) tranquil silence; \"the still of the night\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hiatus, :Silence . :Hustling :eng "hustling" ; :wnsense "bustle about1v", "bustle1v", "hustle2v" ; :wordnet "bustle", "bustle about", "hustle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hustling'' is a ''BodyMovementEvent'' where a Person moves the whole body from place to place in a ''Fast'' (rapid) manner, often with the purpose of accomplishing some task quickly. This includes the notion of working quickly so as to accomplish multiple tasks quickly. NOTE: this is *not* 'hustling' in order to scam or bilk other people. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hustle' in WordNet: 2. (1) bustle, bustle about, hustle - (move or cause to move energetically or busily; 'The cheerleaders bustled about excitingly before their performance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fast ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Hut :guid "c10afb92-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hut" ; :wnsense "hovel1n", "hut2", "hutch2n", "shack1n", "shanty1n" ; :wordnet "hovel", "hut", "hutch", "shack", "shanty" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Shack': Very small, often temporary shelter from the elements. Can be a residence - if so, the residents are very poor. Construction is quite simple, with usually just one room. 'hut' sense 2 in WordNet: 2. (4) hovel, hut, hutch, shack, shanty - (small crude shelter used as a dwelling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :HumanShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hybrid :en "loudmouthed" ; :enadj "loudmouthed" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :HybridOrganism, :Organism ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hybrid' in Wordnet: 1. crossed, hybrid, interbred, intercrossed - (produced by crossbreeding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoying, :Talkative . :HybridOrganism :wnsense "crossbreed1n", "crossbreed5n", "hybrid3n" ; :wordnet "crossbreed", "hybrid" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'hybrid' in WordNet: 3. hybrid, crossbreed, cross - (an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock; especially offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties or breeds or species; 'a mule is a cross between a horse and a donkey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hybrid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crossbreeding ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Hydrangea :guid "bd58abb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hydrangea1n" ; :wordnet "hydrangea" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of Hydrangea woody shrubs and vines. Several species are cultivated in greenhouses and gardens for their showy flower clusters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrangea' in WordNet: 1. hydrangea - (any of various deciduous or evergreen shrubs of the genus Hydrangea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush . :Hydraulic :pertainsTo :HydraulicBrake, :LiquidSubstance ; :wnsense "hydraulic1adj" ; :wordnet "hydraulic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hydraulic' in Wordnet: 1. hydraulic - (moved or operated or effected by liquid (water or oil); 'hydraulic erosion'; 'hydraulic brakes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :HydraulicBrake :wnsense "hydraulic brake1n", "hydraulic brakes1n" ; :wordnet "hydraulic brake", "hydraulic brakes" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydraulic brake' in WordNet: 1. hydraulic brake, hydraulic brakes - (brake system in which a brake pedal moves a piston in the master cylinder; brake fluid then applies great force to the brake pads or shoes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrakeSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Piston ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Hydrocarbon :hasComponentSubstance :Carbon, :Hydrogen ; :wnsense "hydrocarbon1n" ; :wordnet "hydrocarbon" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OrganicCompound composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The singular form indicates that only one hydrocarbon can be represented in this Type, not a mixture. Mehtane and benzene are common subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrocarbon' in Wordnet: 1. (3) hydrocarbon - (an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hydrocarbons, :OrganicCompound . :Hydrocarbons :en "hydrocarbons" ; :guid "be481fa8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A compound, or mixture of compounds, composed predominantly from carbon and hydrogen atoms, though other elements may occur as minor impurities. This is a substance composed of a Group of substances, each of which is a ''Hydrocarbon'' (a substance of defined chemical composition). As a Group, it could have as few as one element, so on ''Hydrocarbon'' would be a subtype (and it is listed as such) By this definition, Petroleum is a Hydrocarbon, though constituents with nitrogen and oxygen may occur in those complex mixtures. These are found in natural gas and crude oil, and are also made synthetically. NOTE the use of the plural form to indicate that this may be, but does not have to be, a mixture of individual hydrocarbons - see, for example, 'Gasoline'. For single-formular hydrocarbons, see the Type 'Hydrocarbon' (singular) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :OrganicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Hydrocarbon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Hydrocolloid :isaComponentSubstanceOf :Gel ; :wnsense "hydrocolloid1n" ; :wordnet "hydrocolloid" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Hydrocolloid' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that can form a gel when mixed with water. This is included mostly to provide a parent for Jell-O Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrocolloid' in WordNet: 1. hydrocolloid - (a substance that forms a gel with water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gel ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ] . :Hydrogen :hasProtonCount "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "hydrogen1n" ; :wordnet "hydrogen" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element with one proton in each nucleus. At room temperature it form a gas with two atoms per molecule. The gas burns in air, and mixtures of 2% to 98% in air are explosive. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen' in WordNet: 1. (21) hydrogen, H, atomic number 1 - (a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HydrogenAtom ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfManyOf ] . :HydrogenAtom :wnsense "hydrogen atom1n" ; :wordnet "hydrogen atom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One atom of Hydrogen; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen atom' in WordNet: 1. (12) hydrogen atom - (an atom of hydrogen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hydrogen ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :HydrogenBomb :guid "c10c364f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "H-bomb1n", "hydrogen bomb1n" ; :wordnet "H-bomb", "hydrogen bomb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$NuclearBomb and #$FusionWeapon. Each instance of #$HydrogenBomb is a bomb that derives its explosive force from the energy released when atoms of hydrogen are fused to form helium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen bomb' in WordNet: 1. hydrogen bomb, H-bomb, fusion bomb, thermonuclear bomb - (a nuclear weapon that releases atomic energy by union of light (hydrogen) nuclei at high temperatures to form helium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FusionWeapon, :NuclearBomb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Powerful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HydrogenCyanide :containsChemicalElement :Hydrogen, :Nitrogen, :Oxygen ; :guid "c07666c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_HCN ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Poisonous ; :wnsense "hydrogen cyanide1n" ; :wordnet "hydrogen cyanide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pure ''HydrogenCyanide'' is a gas that in solution is a (weak) acid whose salts are toxic by releasing cyanide ion. In the gaseous form it is poisonous when inhaled. CYC: The collection of all hydrogen cyanide, whether in gaseous form or in solution as hydrocyanic acid [#$HydrocyanicAcid]. The aqueous solution in WN would be a subtype of this: 1. hydrocyanic acid, prussic acid - (a solution of hydrogen cyanide in water; weak solutions are used in fumigating and in the synthesis of organic compounds) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen cyanide' in WordNet: 1. hydrogen cyanide - (a highly poisonous gas or volatile liquid that smells like bitter almonds; becomes a gas at around 90 degree Fahrenheit and is most dangerous when inhaled; the anhydride of hydrocyanic acid; used in manufacturing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cyanide, :InorganicChemical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poisonous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HydrogenFluoride :containsChemicalElement :Fluorine, :Hydrogen ; :guid "00e1c36c-f64c-41d6-8cb5-941d1292d7a5" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_HF ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Poisonous ; :wnsense "hydrogen fluoride1n" ; :wordnet "hydrogen fluoride" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of samples of hydrogen fluoride. Its instances are moderately strong acids. Its formula is HF. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen fluoride' in WordNet: 1. hydrogen fluoride - (a colorless poisonous corrosive liquid made by the action of sulphuric acid on calcium fluoride; solutions in water are hydrofluoric acid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance, :InorganicChemical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poisonous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :HydrogenFluorideMolecule :en "hydrogen fluoride molecule" ; :enn "hydrogen fluoride molecule" ; :guid "c020dbc6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of HF molecules. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Molecule . :HydrogenPeroxide :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_HO-OH ; :hasComponentSubstance :Hydrogen, :Oxygen ; :wnsense "hydrogen peroxide1n", "peroxide1n" ; :wordnet "hydrogen peroxide", "peroxide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen peroxide' in WordNet: 1. (1) hydrogen peroxide, peroxide - (a viscous liquid with strong oxidizing properties; a powerful bleaching agent; also used as a disinfectant and (in strong concentrations) as an oxidant in rocket fuels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oxide, :Peroxide . :HydrogenSulfide :containsChemicalElement :Hydrogen, :Sulfur ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_H2S ; :hasComponentSubstance :Hydrogen, :Sulfur ; :wnsense "hydrogen sulfide1n" ; :wordnet "hydrogen sulfide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GaseousSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A gas at room temperature and pressure that has the distinctive odor of rotten eggs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrogen sulfide' in WordNet: 1. hydrogen sulfide - (a sulfide having the unpleasant smell of rotten eggs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hydrogen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sulfur ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RottenEgg ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOdorOf ] . :Hydropower :en "hydropower" ; :guid "c150fca1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "waterpower1n" ; :wordnet "waterpower" ; a :EnergyType, :NaturalResourceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of energy, not the facility that produces hydropower electricity. This is the energy content in a body of water elevated above a local terrain with runoff capability, and contained in a reservoir that can be accessed (tapped) to produce power - usually electric, possibly mechanical. 'head of water' - not represented yet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waterpower' in WordNet: 1. waterpower - (the power to do work that is latent in a head of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PotentialEnergy . :HydroxylGroup :wnsense "hydroxyl group1n", "hydroxyl radical1n", "hydroxyl1n" ; :wordnet "hydroxyl", "hydroxyl group", "hydroxyl radical" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AtomGroup containing one atom each of Hydrogen and Oxygen, having valence of 1. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydroxyl group' in WordNet: 1. hydroxyl, hydroxyl group, hydroxyl radical - (the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalMoiety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneHydrogenAtom ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneOxygenAtom ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :Hydroxylamine :en "hydroxylamine" ; :enn "hydroxylamine" ; :guid "6bd74a50-fbd0-41d6-9d3b-ab0ed0d769ab" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_H2NOH ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :LigandType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of samples of hydroxylamine; H2NOH. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyBasicSubstance, :Electrolyte, :Gas, :InorganicChemical, :ToxicSubstance . :Hyena :guid "bd58d21b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hyaena1n", "hyena1n" ; :wordnet "hyaena", "hyena" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hyena' in WordNet: 1. hyena, hyaena - (doglike nocturnal mammal of Africa and southern Asia that feeds chiefly on carrion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canine, :Scavenger . :Hygiene :wnsense "hygiene1n" ; :wordnet "hygiene" ; a :ConditionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hygiene' in WordNet: 1. hygiene - (a condition promoting sanitary practices; 'personal hygiene') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :SystemCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hygienic ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Hygienic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Behavior, :SystemCondition ; :wnsense "hygienic1adj", "hygienical1adj" ; :wordnet "hygienic", "hygienical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hygienic' in Wordnet: 1. hygienic, hygienical - (tending to promote or preserve health; 'hygienic habits like using disposable tissues'; 'hygienic surroundings with plenty of fresh air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clean, :Sanitary . :HymenopteranOrder :guid "be298af0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hymenopteran" ; :wnsense "hymenopter1n", "hymenopteran1n", "hymenopteron1n", "hymenopterous insect1n" ; :wordnet "hymenopter", "hymenopteran", "hymenopteron", "hymenopterous insect" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of animals; a subset of #$Insect. The #$HymenopteranOrder is one of the largest and most-significant-to-humans orders in the #$Insect class, and includes #$Ants, #$Wasps, and #$Bees. Insects in the #$HymenopteranOrder range from about 0.21 mm (0.008 in.) to about 5 cm (2 in.) in length; usually have membranous wings with relatively few veins, have mouthparts modified for chewing and/or sucking, have large compound eyes, and sometimes have stingers. Many have complex social organizations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hymenopteran' in WordNet: 1. hymenopterous insect, hymenopteran, hymenopteron, hymenopter - (insects having two pairs of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging or piercing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect . :Hymn :wnsense "hymn1n" ; :wordnet "hymn" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WordMet includes a song of praise 'to a nation' in its gloss, but that is not included in this sense. For an 'anthem' use ''Anthem''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'hymn' in WordNet: 1. (7) hymn, anthem - (a song of praise (to God or to a saint or to a nation)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousSong . :Hyoid :guid "bfbd43cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hyoid bone1n", "hyoid1n", "os hyoideum1n" ; :wordnet "hyoid", "hyoid bone", "os hyoideum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hyoid' in WordNet: 1. hyoid, hyoid bone, os hyoideum - (a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone . :Hype :wnsense "ballyhoo1n", "hoopla1n", "hype1n", "plug1n" ; :wordnet "ballyhoo", "hoopla", "hype", "plug" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hype' in WordNet: 1. ballyhoo, hoopla, hype, plug - (blatant or sensational promotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Publicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Overblown ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hyperpigmentation :wnsense "hyperpigmentation1n" ; :wordnet "hyperpigmentation" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hyperpigmentation' in WordNet: 1. hyperpigmentation - (unusual darkening of the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismCondition, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :Hypertension :guid "c0fd69f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "high blood pressure1n", "hypertension1n" ; :wordnet "high blood pressure", "hypertension" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Hypertension'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' that is signified by the Pressure measure ''HighBloodPressure''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypertension' in WordNet: 1. high blood pressure, hypertension - (a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardiovascularDisease, :ChronicCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighBloodPressure ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ] . :Hyphen :wnsense "dash4n", "hyphen1n" ; :wordnet "dash", "hyphen" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hyphen'' is a 'PunctuationMark' (-) that isused to create a 'hyphenated word' from two separate words, or as a one-character 'dash' it breaks the sentence into parts (''EnDash'' and ''EmDash''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hyphen' in WordNet: 1. hyphen, dash - (a punctuation mark (-) used between parts of a compound word or between the syllables of a word when the word is divided at the end of a line of text) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark . :HypnoticTrance :wnsense "hypnosis1n", "hypnotic trance1n" ; :wordnet "hypnosis", "hypnotic trance" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HypnoticTrance'' is a ''Trance'' induced by hypnosis. This appears to be the same as WN 'hypnosis'. Difference is obscure. NOTE that gloss for 'hypnotic trance' says 'use of hypnosis', sugesting that 'hynosis' should be 'hypnotizing'. Note RHW 'hypnosis': 1. an artificially induced trance state resembling sleep, characterized by heightened susceptibility to suggestion. 2. hypnotism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypnotic trance' and sense 1 of 'hypnosis' (any difference??) in WordNet: 1. hypnotic trance - (a trance induced by the use of hypnosis; the person accepts the suggestions of the hypnotist) WN noun 'hypnosis': 1. hypnosis - (a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, :Trance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HypnotizingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Hypnotist :wnsense "hypnotiser1n", "hypnotist1n", "hypnotizer1n", "mesmerist1n", "mesmerizer1n" ; :wordnet "hypnotiser", "hypnotist", "hypnotizer", "mesmerist", "mesmerizer" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypnotist' in WordNet: 1. hypnotist, hypnotizer, hypnotiser, mesmerist, mesmerizer - (a person who induces hypnosis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Psychologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HypnotizingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HypnoticTrance ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :HypnotizingSomeone :wnsense "hypnotise1v", "hypnotism1n", "hypnotize1v", "mesmerise2v", "mesmerism1n", "mesmerize2v", "suggestion6n" ; :wordnet "hypnotise", "hypnotism", "hypnotize", "mesmerise", "mesmerism", "mesmerize", "suggestion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hypnotize' in WordNet: 1. (1) hypnotize, hypnotise, mesmerize, mesmerise - (induce hypnosis in) WN noun 'hypnotism': 1. hypnotism, mesmerism, suggestion - (the act of inducing hypnosis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hypnotist ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HypnoticTrance ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :Hypocrisy :wnsense "hypocrisy2n" ; :wordnet "hypocrisy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hypocrisy' is a form of ''Deceiving'' (or attempting to deceive) in which a Person asserts something that is contradictory to something that Person previously aserted, thus suggesting that the speaker does not actually believe what is being asserted the second time (or perhaps the first time, or both). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hypocrisy' in WordNet: 2. (1) hypocrisy - (insincerity by virtue of pretending to have qualities or beliefs that you do not really have) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Deceiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hypocritical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Hypocritical :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :Person ; :wnsense "hypocritical1adj" ; :wordnet "hypocritical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Hypocritical'' ''Assertion'' is one that asserts a supposed fact that is contradictory to one that the speaker has previously asserted. This is frequently used in argumentation or debating when the speaker is more concerned with making some rhetorical point than in speaking truth or conveying facts that the speaker truly believes. This differs from simple 'lying' in that being ''Hypocritical'' requires that the speaker previously has asserted something contradictory. Whether two statements are in fact contradictory or only seem so due to a difference in context may be argued ad nauseam. This type of assertion suggests that the speaker does not actually believe what is being asserted at least in one of the two contradictory assertions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hypocritical' in Wordnet: 1. hypocritical - (professing feelings or virtues one does not have; 'hypocritical praise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insincere, :Untruthful . :HypodermicNeedle :ldoce "needle" ; :wnsense "needle3n" ; :wordnet "needle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HypodermicNeedle' is any Needle with a hollow shaft designed to allow injection of fluid substances into the body of an animal. They may be used for other purposes as well, but in order to serve that function, the shaft needs to be hollow, and the tip needs to be very sharp and tapered. This is only the metal object that is a hollow shaft. This needs to be attached to a syringe or tube (as in intravenous drip situations) in order to actually serve its function. The restriction on width requires that the needle be no wider than 4 mm, which would be a large needle (as in needles used with catheters). represented by 'Needle' in COSMO: There is no specific WordNet sense for this type of object, but it is included in noun sense 3 of 'needle' in WordNet: 3. (1) needle - (a sharp pointed implement (usually steel)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Needle, :Tube, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.4"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ] . :HypodermicSyringe :guid "bd58d7cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "syringe1n" ; :wordnet "syringe" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'HypodermicSyringe' is any syringe that is complete with a HypodermicNeedle attached, and capable of injecting fluids into the body of an animal. NOTE that there are glass 'syringes' that do not include the needle, which is removable and can be replaced; but the syringe without the needle part is *not* an instance of this type. Each Syringe has a hollow barrel-shaped container, and a plunger fitted into the container to eject the fluid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syringe' in WordNet: 1. syringe - (a medical instrument used to inject or withdraw fluids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cylinder, :FluidContainer, :MedicalDevice, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HypodermicNeedle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ] . :Hypoglycemia :guid "be21da50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hypoglycaemia1n", "hypoglycemia1n" ; :wordnet "hypoglycaemia", "hypoglycemia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Low blood sugar levels. CYC: #$Hypoglycemia is an #$AilmentCondition involving an abnormal decrease of sugar in the bloodstream. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypoglycemia' in WordNet: 1. hypoglycemia, hypoglycaemia - (abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition . :Hypothalamus :guid "c0482bf4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Brain ; :wnsense "hypothalamus1n" ; :wordnet "hypothalamus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all hypothalami. An individual #$Hypothalamus is situated inferior to the #$Thalamus in the #$Diencephalon in the center of a #$Brain and borders on the #$ThirdVentricle. The #$Hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system, emotions, hunger, thirst, sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, and secretions by the attached #$PituitaryGland. SUMO: The part of the Brain lying below the thalamus that serves to regulate AutonomicProcesses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypothalamus' in Wordnet: 1. (18) hypothalamus - (a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Hypothesis :wnsense "hypothesis1n", "hypothesis3n" ; :wordnet "hypothesis" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Hypothesis' is a specification describing a structure of some system, abstract or concrete. A Hypothesis can be very informal and may have a very narrow scope, and be untested, but to be a Hypothesis rather than a 'Postulate' there must be some level of *belief* in the agent asserting the Hypothesis that the Hypothesis may actually be true. A more formal Hypothesis that has been tested and survived at least one test is classified as a 'Theory' in COSMO. The borderline between a Hypothesis and a Theory is fuzzy, but a Theory should only be used when it has been the subject of some substantial study effort. An informal and untested hypothesis is sometimes called a 'theory' but the formal term in COSMO is 'Hypothesis'. An 'Assertion' that has no evidence should be classified as a 'Hypothesis'. This is the generic 'hypothesis for any theory in any ''PossibleWorld'';\\ for hypotheses describing our ''RealWorld'' use ''ScientificTheory'' Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'hypothesis' in WordNet: 1. (7) hypothesis - - (a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations) 3. guess, conjecture, supposition, surmise, surmisal, speculation, hypothesis - (a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Postulate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EvidentiaryInformation ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] . :Hypothesizing :eng "hypothesizing", "supposing" ; :ldoce "suppose" ; :wnsense "conjecture1v", "hypothesize1v", "speculate1v", "suppose3v" ; :wordnet "conjecture", "hypothesize", "speculate", "suppose" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Hypothesizing' is a type of 'Postulating' in which an IntelligentAgent creates a Hypothesis, as a way to explain some phenomenon, but in which the agent has only a tentative belief in the explanation. This can be quite informal and may have little or no actual evidence for support. For Hypothesizing that creates a stronger level of belief, use 'Theorizing'. For Hypothesizing that creates a stronger level of belief, of is used in formal reasoning, use subtype 'Theorizing'. Corresponds approximately to verb senses 3 of 'suppose', sense 1 of 'conjecture', sense 1 of 'hypothesize' and sense 1 of 'speculate' in WordNet: 3. (17) speculate, theorize, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate, suppose - (to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; 'Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Postulating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hypothesis ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Hypothetical :isTheOppositeOf :Experimental ; :pertainsTo :Hypothesis ; :wnsense "conjectural1adj", "hypothetic1adj", "hypothetical1adj", "supposed7adj", "suppositional1adj", "suppositious1adj", "supposititious1adj" ; :wordnet "conjectural", "hypothetic", "hypothetical", "supposed", "suppositional", "suppositious", "supposititious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Hypothetical'' describes things - methods or results - that are asociated with some ''Hypothesis''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hypothetical' in WordNet: 1. (3) conjectural, divinatory, hypothetical, hypothetic, supposed, suppositional, suppositious, supposititious - (based primarily on surmise rather than adequate evidence; 'theories about the extinction of dinosaurs are still highly conjectural'; 'the supposed reason for his absence'; 'suppositious reconstructions of dead languages'; 'hypothetical situation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Hypothyroidism :guid "beab634f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hypothyroidism1n" ; :wordnet "hypothyroidism" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Deficient activity of the thyroid gland. Produces lowered metabolic rate and general lack of vigor. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hypothyroidism' in WordNet: 1. (1) hypothyroidism - (an underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :GlandularDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thyroid ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :Hysterectomy :guid "c0fd5972-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hysterectomy1n" ; :wordnet "hysterectomy" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the surgical procedure in which the uterus is removed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hysterectomy' in WordNet: 1. hysterectomy - (surgical removal of the uterus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurgicalRemoval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uterus ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Hysterical :pertainsTo :Frenzy ; :wnsense "hysteric1adj", "hysterical1adj" ; :wordnet "hysteric", "hysterical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hysterical' in Wordnet: 1. (3) hysteric, hysterical - (characterized by or arising from psychoneurotic hysteria; \"during hysterical conditions various functions of the human body are disordered\"- Morris Fishbein; \"hysterical amnesia\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :I :en "I" ; :ldoce "I" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun ; rdfs:comment """'I' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to the speaker.. Noy represented in WordNet """ . :IBM :en "IBM" ; :hasRoleFiller :IBM ; a :Corporation, :EmployerPB ; rdfs:comment """The Corporation 'International Business Machines'. As a st of 'Role' (via LegalAgent' and 'Employer'), the RoleFiller must be specified, even if it is, as here, the Corporation itself. Odd but harmless.""" . :IBOCreation :en "creating an Information Bearing Object" ; :guid "bd621044-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PhysicalCreationEvent and #$IBTGeneration. Each instance of #$IBOCreation is an event in which an instance of #$InformationBearingObject (hereafter IBO) is created. Examples of #$IBOCreation include publishing a book, making a film, printing a photograph, molding a plastic credit card, painting a billboard, and minting a coin. When an IBO is created, its content may be either original, be copied from a prior #$InformationBearingThing, or be instantiated from an existing #$ConceptualWork. See also the predicate #$iboCreated. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingaRepresentation, :IBTGeneration, :InformationTransferEvent, :PhysicalCreationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationBearingObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :IBTCopying :en "copying" ; :guid "bd6606e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "copy" ; :wnsense "copy1v", "copy4v", "re-create2v" ; :wordnet "copy", "re-create" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IBTCopying'' is for copying of 'Information Bearing Things' - files or recordings, or of hardcopy information, or of producing casts of solid objects and making 'copies' of those objects from the casts. NOTE that the thing copied does not have to be an 'OriginalCreation'; it could itself be a 'Copy' (or a copy of a copy). CYC: A specialization of #$IBTGeneration-Replication. Each instance of #$IBTCopying is an event which generates some new instance or instances of #$InformationBearingThing by copying the information and format from a source #$InformationBearingThing (see #$informationOrigin). The new instance(s) of #$InformationBearingThing encode(s) approximately the same information in approximately the same way as the source #$InformationBearingThing. A positive example of #$IBTCopying would be a person producing a hand-written copy of a newspaper story, where the copy is in the same language as the story, and the format of the story (e.g., the ordering of the paragraphs) is not changed. Negative examples of #$IBTCopying would be a person producing a translation of the newspaper story, or a person producing a document in which the paragraphs of the story are extensively rearranged. Specializations of #$IBTCopying include #$CopyingAComputerFile and #$PhotocopyingADocument. See also the predicates #$copyProduced and #$itemCopied. SUMO: Making a copy of something. Includes verb senses 1 and 4 and part of sense 3 of 'copy' in WordNet (not including biological replication, which is represented by 'BiologicalReplication': in WordNet: 1. (3) copy - (copy down as is; 'The students were made to copy the alphabet over and over') 4. copy, re-create - (make a replica of; 'copy that drawing'; 're-create a picture by Rembrandt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer, :IBTGeneration-Replication, :MakingaCopy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :InformationBearingThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Copy ] . :IBTGeneration :guid "bd70d156-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InformationTransferEvent and of #$Action. Each instance of #$IBTGeneration is an event which creates some #$InformationBearingThing. The #$InformationBearingThing created may be either a transient wave phenomenon (e.g. sound, light, or radio waves), or it may be a relatively long-lasting instance of #$InformationBearingObject (cf. the important specialization of IBTGeneration - #$IBOCreation). Humans frequently generate such IBTs as spoken language, gestures, and handwritten notes. It is irrelevant for instances of #$IBTGeneration whether there is another agent who accesses the resulting IBT. Note that every communication act starts with an instance of #$IBTGeneration. (Thus, see also #$Communicating and its specializations, especially #$CommunicationAct-Single.) For an analogous collection regarding instances of #$ConceptualWork, see #$CWCreation. Two important specializations of this collection are #$IBTGeneration-Original and #$IBTGeneration-Replication. See also the predicate #$ibtGenerated. NOTE that IBTGeneration is not a subtype of 'MakingaPhysicalObject' because that latter category must result in the creation of some persistent physical object, and IBTGeneration could result only in creating gestures or sound waves which dissipate quickly. For the event of making a physical IBT see 'IBOCreation'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Creation . :IBTGeneration-Replication :guid "bd5ea94c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This can be broadcasting or other form of transmission of information, as well as 'copying' of computer files or of hard copies to other hard copies. For Copying of computer files or of hard copies, use the subtype ''IBTCopying'; for transmitting over wire, the airwaves,or the internet, use ''MediaTransmitting''. Cyc: A specialization of #$IBTGeneration. Each instance of #$IBTGeneration-Replication is an event in which a new instance of #$InformationBearingThing (IBT) is created whose content is based on that of a preexisting IBT (which is the #$informationOrigin (q.v.) of the generation event). The new IBT contains at least part of the information content of the original IBT. It may use the same or a different way of encoding the information. Examples are: copying, sending a file over the internet, broadcasting via radio.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, :IBTGeneration . :IBTRecoding :guid "bd5f36bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$IBTGeneration-Replication. Each instance of #$IBTRecoding is an event which generates a new information-bearing thing (i.e., an instance of #$InformationBearingThing) by taking information from a source information-bearing thing (see #$informationOrigin), encoding it a new way, and incorporating it into a new information-bearing thing (see #$ibtGenerated). Instances of #$IBTRecoding may be done either by agents (e.g., people) or by non-agents (e.g., record players, or computers running translation software). Recoding the content of a pre-existing information-bearing thing presupposes some instance of accessing it (i.e., of #$AccessingAnIBT) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBTGeneration-Replication . :IDDocument :FIBO "identity document" ; :guid "bd58903e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "I.D.1n", "ID2n", "card2n", "identity card1n" ; :wordnet "I.D.", "ID", "card", "identity card" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is a physical object. A specialization of #$OfficialDocument. Each instance of this collection is an officially sanctioned credential for identifying some person or physical object. Important subcollections of #$IDDocument include #$Passport, #$DriversLicense, #$PersonalCheck. Other examples include student ID cards, dog tags (worn by military personnel), dog tags (worn by dogs), authentication certificates for an #$ArtObject or an antique. Corresponds to FIBO 'identity document': SKOS def: 'An identity document is any document which may be used to verify aspects of a person's personal identity. If issued in the form of a small, mostly standard-sized card, it is usually called an identity card (IC). Countries which do not have formal identity documents may require informal documents. In the absence of a formal identity document, driving licenses can be used in many countries as a method of proof of identity, although some countries do not accept driving licenses for identification, often because in those countries they don't expire as documents and can be old and easily forged. Most countries accept passports as a form of identification. Most countries have the rule that foreign citizens need to have their passport or occasionally a national identity card from their country available at any time if they do not have residence permit in the country.' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'ID' in WordNet: 2. ID, I.D. - (a card or badge used to identify the bearer; 'you had to show your ID in order to get in') WN noun 'identity card': 2. (2) card, identity card - (a card certifying the identity of the bearer; 'he had to show his card to get in') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficialDocument, :PositiveIdentification, :Valuable-PersonalPossession . :IDNumber :guid "bd58c12b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: IDNumber is a subtype of designator. In COSMO it is a number, not a string, though every IDNumber should have a corresponding string which includes some numerals (and possibly other types of characters). Cyc: A specialization of #$IDString. Each instance of #$IDNumber is a string consisting of only numeric characters and which is used to identify a specific object.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Identifier, :Number . :IQ100 :hasIntegerValue "100"^^xsd:int ; :isAbilityToPerformActionType :Reasoning ; a :IntelligenceQuotient . :IQ130 :hasIntegerValue "130"^^xsd:int ; :isAbilityToPerformActionType :DeepReasoning ; a :IntelligenceQuotient . :IQ180 :hasIntegerValue "180"^^xsd:int ; a :HighIntelligence, :IntelligenceQuotient . :ISO3166CountryCodes2 :hasCodeString :CC2_AA, :CC2_AD, :CC2_AE, :CC2_AF, :CC2_AG, :CC2_AL, :CC2_AM, :CC2_AN, :CC2_AO, :CC2_AQ, :CC2_AR, :CC2_AS, :CC2_AT, :CC2_AU, :CC2_AZ, :CC2_Av, :CC2_BA, :CC2_BB, :CC2_BD, :CC2_BE, :CC2_BF, :CC2_BG, :CC2_BH, :CC2_BI, :CC2_BJ, :CC2_BM, :CC2_BN, :CC2_BO, :CC2_BR, :CC2_BS, :CC2_BT, :CC2_BV, :CC2_BW, :CC2_BY, :CC2_BZ, :CC2_CA, :CC2_CB, :CC2_CC, :CC2_CD, :CC2_CF, :CC2_CG, :CC2_CH, :CC2_CI, :CC2_CK, :CC2_CL, :CC2_CM, :CC2_CN, :CC2_CO, :CC2_CR, :CC2_CS, :CC2_CU, :CC2_CV, :CC2_CX, :CC2_CY, :CC2_CZ, :CC2_DE, :CC2_DJ, :CC2_DK, :CC2_DM, :CC2_DO, :CC2_DZ, :CC2_EC, :CC2_EE, :CC2_EG, :CC2_EH, :CC2_ER, :CC2_ES, :CC2_ET, :CC2_FI, :CC2_FJ, :CC2_FK, :CC2_FM, :CC2_FO, :CC2_FR, :CC2_FX, :CC2_GA, :CC2_GB, :CC2_GD, :CC2_GE, :CC2_GF, :CC2_GH, :CC2_GI, :CC2_GL, :CC2_GM, :CC2_GN, :CC2_GP, :CC2_GQ, :CC2_GR, :CC2_GS, :CC2_GT, :CC2_GU, :CC2_GW, :CC2_GY, :CC2_HK, :CC2_HM, :CC2_HN, :CC2_HR, :CC2_HT, :CC2_HU, :CC2_ID, :CC2_IE, :CC2_IL, :CC2_IN, :CC2_IO, :CC2_IQ, :CC2_IR, :CC2_IS, :CC2_IT, :CC2_JM, :CC2_JO, :CC2_JP, :CC2_KE, :CC2_KG, :CC2_KH, :CC2_KI, :CC2_KM, :CC2_KN, :CC2_KP, :CC2_KR, :CC2_KW, :CC2_KY, :CC2_KZ, :CC2_LA, :CC2_LB, :CC2_LC, :CC2_LI, :CC2_LK, :CC2_LR, :CC2_LS, :CC2_LT, :CC2_LU, :CC2_LV, :CC2_LY, :CC2_MA, :CC2_MC, :CC2_MD, :CC2_MG, :CC2_MH, :CC2_MK, :CC2_ML, :CC2_MM, :CC2_MN, :CC2_MO, :CC2_MP, :CC2_MQ, :CC2_MR, :CC2_MS, :CC2_MT, :CC2_MU, :CC2_MV, :CC2_MW, :CC2_MX, :CC2_MY, :CC2_MZ, :CC2_NA, :CC2_NC, :CC2_NE, :CC2_NF, :CC2_NG, :CC2_NI, :CC2_NL, :CC2_NO, :CC2_NP, :CC2_NR, :CC2_NT, :CC2_NU, :CC2_NZ, :CC2_OM, :CC2_PA, :CC2_PE, :CC2_PF, :CC2_PG, :CC2_PH, :CC2_PK, :CC2_PL, :CC2_PM, :CC2_PN, :CC2_PR, :CC2_PT, :CC2_PW, :CC2_PY, :CC2_QA, :CC2_RE, :CC2_RO, :CC2_RU, :CC2_RW, :CC2_SA, :CC2_SC, :CC2_SD, :CC2_SE, :CC2_SG, :CC2_SH, :CC2_SI, :CC2_SJ, :CC2_SK, :CC2_SL, :CC2_SM, :CC2_SN, :CC2_SO, :CC2_SR, :CC2_ST, :CC2_SU, :CC2_SV, :CC2_SY, :CC2_SZ, :CC2_Sb, :CC2_TC, :CC2_TD, :CC2_TF, :CC2_TG, :CC2_TH, :CC2_TJ, :CC2_TK, :CC2_TM, :CC2_TN, :CC2_TO, :CC2_TP, :CC2_TR, :CC2_TT, :CC2_TV, :CC2_TW, :CC2_TZ, :CC2_UA, :CC2_UG, :CC2_UK, :CC2_UM, :CC2_US, :CC2_UY, :CC2_UZ, :CC2_VA, :CC2_VC, :CC2_VE, :CC2_VG, :CC2_VI, :CC2_VN, :CC2_VU, :CC2_WF, :CC2_WS, :CC2_YE, :CC2_YT, :CC2_YU, :CC2_ZA, :CC2_ZM, :CC2_ZR, :CC2_ZW ; :hasUniquePrefix :CC2_ ; a :CodeList . :ISO3166CountryCodes3 :hasCodeString :CC3_USA ; :hasUniquePrefix :CC3_ ; a :CodeList . :I_accept :hasComponentElement :ENG_accept ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :Iamb :wnsense "iamb1n", "iambus1n" ; :wordnet "iamb", "iambus" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Iamb'' is a ''MetricalFoot'' (a unit of text in a Poem) consisting of two syllables, one light followed by one heavy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iamb' in WordNet: 1. iamb, iambus - (a metrical unit with unstressed-stressed syllables) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :MetricalFoot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Syllable ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poem ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightlyStressedSyllable ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeavilyStressedSyllable ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :Iambic :isAnAttributeValueOf :MetricalFoot ; :pertainsTo :Iamb, :MetricalFoot ; :wnsense "iambic1adj" ; :wordnet "iambic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'iambic' in Wordnet: 1. iambic - (of or consisting of iambs; 'iambic pentameter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Ibis :guid "c0fd4c5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ibis1n" ; :wordnet "ibis" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ibis' in WordNet: 1. ibis - (wading birds of warm regions having long slender down-curved bills) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WadingBird, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurvedBirdBill ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Ibuprofen :guid "bd58c838-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Advil1n", "Motrin1n", "Nuprin1n", "ibuprofen1n", "isobutylphenyl propionic acid1n" ; :wordnet "Advil", "Motrin", "Nuprin", "ibuprofen", "isobutylphenyl propionic acid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ibuprofen' in WordNet: 1. ibuprofen, isobutylphenyl propionic acid, Advil, Motrin, Nuprin - (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine (trade names Advil and Motrin and Nuprin) used to relieve the pain of arthritis and as an analgesic and antipyretic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Analgesic, :Antipyretic, :NonsteroidalAntiInflammatory . :Ice :ldoce "ice" ; :wnsense "ice1n" ; :wordnet "ice" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :WaterSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Ice as a substance, the solid form of water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice' in WordNet: 1. (31) ice, water ice - (water frozen in the solid state; 'Americans like ice in their drinks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cold ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :IceBucket :en "ice bucket" ; :enn "ice bucket" ; :guid "c11704ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bucket'' designed to hold ''IceCube''s. A ''Bucket'' designed for carrying ''Ice''. Some, but not all, have some degree of insulation to keep the ice from melting too quickly. It is usually, but not necessarily, open-topped. No specific WordNet sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bucket, :ServingVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IceCube ; owl:minCardinality "5" ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :IceCap :guid "be00fc94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ice cap1n", "icecap1n" ; :wordnet "ice cap", "icecap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IceCap'' is a very large ''BodyOfIce'' that is a ''LandTopographicalFeature'' that, unlike a ''Glacier'' does not flow downhill. At the edges there may be ''Glacier''s. In CYC this is a subtype of ''Glacer'' but it is not clear why. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice cap' in WordNet: 1. icecap, ice cap - (a mass of ice and snow that permanently covers a large area of land (e.g., the polar regions or a mountain peak)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfIce, :LandTopographicalFeature, :Layer, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :IceChest :wnsense "cooler1n", "ice chest1n" ; :wordnet "cooler", "ice chest" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Icebox'' shaped like a 'Box'' with a ''ContainerLid'' that may be hinged or may come off completely. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice chest' in WordNet: 1. (1) cooler, ice chest - (a refrigerator for cooling liquids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :Icebox, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainerLid ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Refrigerant ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :IceCream :guid "bd58f512-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Milk, :Sugar ; :wnsense "ice cream1n", "icecream1n" ; :wordnet "ice cream", "icecream" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the substance 'ice cream'. CYC: A specialization of #$DairyProduct and #$DessertFood. Each instance of #$IceCream is some ice cream. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice cream' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ice cream, icecream - (frozen dessert containing cream and sugar and flavoring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DairyProduct, :FrozenDessertFood, :SolidFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milk ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sugar ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :IceCube :wnsense "ice cube1n" ; :wordnet "ice cube" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small piece of Ice that is created artificially and used to cool things like food or drink. It is usually not precisely 'Cubic', but only approximately; sometimes they are rounded - change shape restriction???. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'ice cube' in WordNet: 1. ice cube - (a small cube of artificial ice; used for cooling drinks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Block, :CrystallineObject, :HandSizedObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cubic ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cube ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snowflake ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :IceFloe :wnsense "floe1n", "ice floe1n" ; :wordnet "floe", "ice floe" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IceFloe'' is a flat-topped natural ''IceMass'' that is greater than 20 meters in largest diameter and is floating on some large ''BodyOfWater'' (a ''BodyOfWater-Large''). An ''IceFloe'' typically occurs at 'sea' but a similar ''IceMass'' on a large river may also be called an ''IceFloe''. The river type can be distingished from the 'sea' type by its location, and might be distingished as a subtype, when desired. Wikipedia: An ice floe is a large pack of floating ice often defined as a flat piece at least 20 m across at its widest point, and up to more than 10 km across. Drift ice is a floating field of sea ice composed of several ice floes. They may cause ice jams on freshwater rivers, and in the open ocean may damage the hulls of ships. Some dictionaries: RHW 'a large flat mass of floating ice.' 'a flat expanse of ice smaller than an ice field'. 'a flat free mass of floating sea ice' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice floe' in WordNet: 1. (1) ice floe, floe - (a flat mass of ice (smaller than an ice field) floating at sea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IceMass, :NaturalObject, :PlanetarySurfaceObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FloatingOnWater ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater-Large ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-topped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "20"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInMeters ] . :IceMan a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''IceMan'' is a ''DeliveryPerson'' who delivers ''Ice'' (in usually in bocks. to be stored in some refriferated or insulated container). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeliveryPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeliveringIce ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :IceMass :wnsense "ice mass1n" ; :wordnet "ice mass" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IceMass'' is a large ''LargeObject'' (bigger tha Person) that consists mostly of ''Ice''. For natural very large ''IceMass'' use subtype ''BodyOfIce''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'ice mass' (smaller than a ''BodyOfIce'') in WordNet: 1. ice mass - (a large mass of ice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LargeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :IceSculpture :en "ice sculpture" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IceSculpture'' is any ''Sculpture'' made of Ice. In the interior of buildings such figures melt quickly, and are intended as temporary decorations on tables were food is presented for dining, removed when the dining is finished. But in regions during freezing weather, such sculptures may be located outdoors for any decorative purpose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarvedArtwork, :Sculpture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :IceSkate :wnsense "ice skate1n" ; :wordnet "ice skate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The type of ''Skate' used in''IceSkating'', having a boot with smooth thin supporting blades underneath. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice skate' in WordNet: 1. ice skate - (skate consisting of a boot with a steel blade fitted to the sole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IceSkating ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :IceSkater :wnsense "ice-skater1n" ; :wordnet "ice-skater" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IceSkater'' is the Role of a Person who skates on ice skates, whether temporarily, or as a recreation, or as an expert Athlete. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice skater' in WordNet: 1. ice-skater - (someone who engages in ice skating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IceSkating ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IceSkating ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :IceSkating :en "ice skating" ; :wnsense "ice skate1v" ; :wordnet "ice skate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IceSkating'' is a ''Skating'' in which a Person glides over a sheet of Ice on ''IceSkate''s. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ice skate' in WordNet: 1. ice skate - (move along on ice skates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IceSkate ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :IceWagon :wnsense "ice wagon1n", "ice-wagon1n" ; :wordnet "ice wagon", "ice-wagon" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wagon'' designed for or used for carrying ''Ice''. This is an older term, rarely encountered by late twentieth century, and used mostly to refer to horse-drawn wagons. Here for interpretation of historical documents or children's stories. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ice wagon' in Wordnet: 1. ice wagon, ice-wagon - ((formerly) a horse-drawn wagon that delivered ice door to door) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :Wagon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCarry ] . :Iceberg :guid "c0fbb997-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "iceberg1n" ; :wordnet "iceberg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The stuff that floats in the ocean near the polar ice caps. The water in icebergs in liquid form would have a slightly different salinity than #$Sea water. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'iceberg' in WordNet: 1. iceberg, berg - (a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IceMass, :LargeObject, :OceanIce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sea ; owl:onProperty :isFloatingOn ] . :Icebox :wnsense "icebox1n", "refrigerator1n" ; :wordnet "icebox", "refrigerator" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: The intersection of Containers and ElectricDevices in which the temperature is reduced from that of the outside air by a Cooling process. NOTE: this is the only sense of 'ice box' in Wordnet. This includes the antique type of 'refrigerator' that uses blocks of 'Ice' for cooling. An electrical 'refrigerator appliance is represented by subtype ''Refrigerator''. This is the broad sense including portable ice chests; for the more common indoor electric powered refrigerator use subtype ''Refrigerator'' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'refrigerator' in WordNet: 1. (2) refrigerator, icebox - (white goods in which food can be stored at low temperatures) WN noun 'fridge': """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :PortableObject, :RefrigeratedStorageDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chilling ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chilling ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chilling ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :IcedWithFrosting :en "frosted", "iced", "iced with frosting" ; :enadj "frosted", "iced", "iced with frosting" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Cake ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :IcingaCake ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IcedWithFrosting'' is the attribute of something edible that has has Frosting applied to its surface in a ''IcingaCake'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Iceland :wnsense "Iceland1n" ; :wordnet "Iceland" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Iceland' in WordNet: 1. (2) Iceland, Republic of Iceland - (an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944) """ . :Icelandic :wasCreatedBy :IcelandicSpeakers ; :wnsense "Icelandic1n" ; :wordnet "Icelandic" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Icelandic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Icelandic - (a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland) """ . :IcelandicSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Ichor :guid "bd7fd088-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ichor1n" ; :wordnet "ichor" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an ethereal fluid taking the place of blood in the veins of the ancient Greek gods. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ichor' in WordNet: 1. ichor - ((Greek mythology) the rarified fluid said to flow in the veins of the Gods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :MythicalThing . :Icicle :guid "bd58f062-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "icicle1n" ; :wordnet "icicle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long piece of ice hanging from an object. COSMO note: an Icicle in COSMO should be in situ, hanging where it was formed. When fallen, it is just a piece of ice that *was* an icicle. Also note, that an Icicle must be LongAndThin (length/width > 3), so this is a prototypical Icicle, not one just starting to grow. Cyc: Unlike e.g. #$SnowFlake or #$SnowMob, some of my instances (espec those which hang from cars) are so disgustingly dirty that they do not deserve to have #$Water-Fresh as their genls. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'icicle' in WordNet: 1. (1) icicle - (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrystallineObject, :LongCone, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HangsFromSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Icicles :en "icicles" ; :ennp "icicles" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Icicles'' is a Group of ''Icicle''s hanging from the same supporting Object. Used to refer to the icicles hanging from something, often the eaves of a roof. This is represented here as one Object made up of a Group of ''Icicle''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrystallineObject, :Group, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HangsFromSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Icicle ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :IcingaCake :wnsense "frost1v", "ice1v" ; :wordnet "frost", "ice" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''IcingaCake''' is an Action in which a person covers all or part of a ''Cake' with ''Frosting''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'frost' in WordNet: 1. frost, ice - (decorate with frosting; 'frost a cake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface, :CoveringSomething, :Decorating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :Cake ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frosting ; owl:onProperty :consumesSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frosting ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ] . :Icon :wnsense "icon1n" ; :wordnet "icon" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Icon is an AbstractImage that is an abstracted visual representation of some entity (object or process), usually too small to be a realistic visual image. The icons used in computers to signify some computer entity are one subtype of this class - but recall that this is the abstract icon, not the physical thing glowing on the computer screen. COSMO note: in SUMO 'Icon' includes photographs, but in COSMO Photograph is a Type of its own, a subtype of PhysicalImage but not a subtype of Icon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'icon' in Wordnet: 1. icon - ((computer science) a graphic symbol (usually a simple picture) that denotes a program or a command or a data file or a concept in a graphical user interface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IconicImage ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :Iconic :isAnAttributeValueOf :ReligiousIcon ; :pertainsTo :ReligiousIcon ; :wnsense "iconic1adj" ; :wordnet "iconic" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute ''Iconic'' may pertain to ''ReligiousIcon'' or to any kind of ''StillImage''. For the sense that means 'representative of a type of thing' use ''Prototypical''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'iconic' in Wordnet: 1. iconic - (relating to or having the characteristics on an icon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :IconicImage a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Physical object having some graphical (non-text) content, that represents an Icon, i.e. it is a stylized representation (not a photograph or realistic painting) of some thing, physical object, event, attribute, etc..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :StillImage . :Iconoclasm :wnsense "iconoclasm1n" ; :wordnet "iconoclasm" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Iconoclasm'' is a ''Orientation-Viewpoint'' that inclines a Person toward skepticism of traditionally accepted beliefs or attitudes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iconoclasm' in WordNet: 1. iconoclasm - (the orientation of an iconoclast) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Orientation-Viewpoint, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iconoclast ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOf ] . :Iconoclast :wnsense "iconoclast2n" ; :wordnet "iconoclast" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Iconoclast'' is a strong and habitual ''Skeptic'' toward traditional beliefs. @ToDo: add 'performs' criticism of traditional beliefs (traditions). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'iconoclast' in WordNet: 2. iconoclast - (someone who attacks cherished ideas or traditional institutions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skeptic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iconoclasm ; owl:onProperty :isaPersonFeeling ] . :Iconography :wnsense "iconography1n" ; :wordnet "iconography" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of images asociated with a Person or Topic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iconography' in WordNet: 1. iconography - (the images and symbolic representations that are traditionally associated with a person or a subject; 'religious iconography'; 'the propagandistic iconography of a despot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :StillImage ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :Topic :PersonType :TopicType ) ] ] . :Icy :ldoce "icy" ; :wnsense "icy3adj" ; :wordnet "icy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a place or PhysicalObject that has a significant amount of ice or is covered in ice. For water-containing objects that are actually fully frozen, and therefore have ice in them, use the subtype 'Frozen' For objects that are merely as cold as Ice or somewhat below freezing, use ''IcyCold''. For things that have been frozen, use ''Frozen''. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'icy' in WordNet: 3. (1) icy - (covered with or containing or consisting of ice; 'icy northern waters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cold . :Icy-unfriendly :isTheOppositeOf :Friendly ; :wnsense "frosty1adj", "icy1adj" ; :wordnet "frosty", "icy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Icy-unfriendly' is a form of attribute Unfriendly that causes a person to refuse to express a friendly attitude when meeting another person. This is an attribute specifically for behavior during Events when one person meets another. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'icy' in WordNet: 1. (2) frigid, frosty, frozen, glacial, icy, wintry - (devoid of warmth and cordiality; expressive of unfriendliness or disdain; 'a frigid greeting'; 'got a frosty reception'; 'a frozen look on their faces'; 'a glacial handshake'; 'icy stare'; 'wintry smile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unfriendly . :IcyCold :en "freezing", "ice cold", "icy cold" ; :enadj "freezing" ; :ldoce "icy" ; :wnsense "arctic3adj", "frigid2adj", "gelid1adj", "glacial1adj", "icy2adj", "polar1adj" ; :wordnet "arctic", "frigid", "gelid", "glacial", "icy", "polar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """IcyCold is a QualitativeAttributeValue for ambient air, water, or objects, indicating that the temperature is near or below the freezing temperature of water, 0 deg. C down to -20 deg. C. For much colder temperatures, use 'Cryogenic'. RHW 'freezing': 1. (of temperatures) approaching, at, or below the freezing point. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'icy' in WordNet: 2. (1) arctic, frigid, gelid, glacial, icy, polar - (extremely cold; 'an arctic climate'; 'a frigid day'; 'gelid waters of the North Atlantic'; 'glacial winds'; 'icy hands'; 'polar weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cold . :Ideal :wnsense "ideal1n" ; :wordnet "ideal" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Ideal'' is a ''Notion'' of something that is believed to be the perfect example of it kind. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ideal' in WordNet: 1. (7) ideal - (the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Notion, :Proposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IdealThing ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isInTheMindOf ] . :IdealThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IdealThing' is something that is perfect for its kind. This has a mental representation in an instance of ''Ideal'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perfect ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ideal ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :Idealism :wnsense "idealism2n" ; :wordnet "idealism" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Idealism'' is a ''PersonalPhilosopy'' that allows one's beliefs and feelings and hopes and ideals to influence one's expectations for good outcomes over what would be expected from an objective evaluation. Contrasts with ''Realism''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'idealism' in WordNet: 2. idealism - (impracticality by virtue of thinking of things in their ideal form rather than as they really are) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalPhilosopy . :Idealist :wnsense "dreamer2n", "idealist1n" ; :wordnet "dreamer", "idealist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Visionary'' is a Person who is attracted to 'vsions' of things that may be possible, thghthey seem impractical to others. The WordNet gloss seems a bit harsh, as some people who have successfully pursued idealistic projects were considered as mere 'visionaries or 'dreamers'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'idealist' in WordNet: 1. (2) idealist, dreamer - (someone guided more by ideals than by practical considerations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Visionary . :Ideally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Perfect ; :wnsense "ideally1adv" ; :wordnet "ideally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ideally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the hypothesized situation would be ''Perfect'' (ideal). Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'ideally' in WordNet: 1. (5) ideally - (in an ideal manner; \"ideally, this will remove all problems\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Ideation :causes :Believing ; :wnsense "ideation1n" ; :wordnet "ideation" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ideation' in WordNet: 1. ideation - (the process of forming and relating ideas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Considering, :ThinkingAboutSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Notion ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Identical :isTheOppositeOf :Different ; :ldoce "same" ; :wnsense "identical2adj", "same1adj" ; :wordnet "identical", "same" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Identical' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for some Group of individual entities that are referred to by some name or by some definite description; this should be interpreted as meaning that the two individual entities are one and the same individual. The same notion can be represented by linking the two entities by an 'owl:sameAs' relation. For different individuals that have closely similar properties, use 'Same'. This notion can also be expressed with the relation 'isIdenticalTo'. 'never made the same mistake twice' would be represented as 'Same' because the mistakes are (or would be) different Events ' this means 'the same type of mistake'.. This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'identical' and sense 1 of 'same' in WordNet: WN adjective 'identical': 2. (9) identical, selfsame, very - - (being the exact same one; not any other:; 'this is the identical room we stayed in before'; 'the themes of his stories are one and the same'; 'saw the selfsame quotation in two newspapers'; 'on this very spot'; 'the very thing he said yesterday'; 'the very man I want to see') WN adjective 'same': 1. (157) same - - (same in identity; 'the same man I saw yesterday'; 'never wore the same dress twice'; 'this road is the same one we were on yesterday'; 'on the same side of the street) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Identifiable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Identifying ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Identifying ; :wnsense "identifiable1adj" ; :wordnet "identifiable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Identifiable'' has a broad meaning. Something may be 'identified' in any of multiple ways. This type covers all manners of identifying. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'identifiable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) identifiable - (capable of being identified) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flexible . :Identification :wnsense "identification3n" ; :wordnet "identification" ; a :ObjectType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'identification' in WordNet: 3. (3) identification - (evidence of identity; something that identifies a person or thing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Identifying ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :IdentificationMark :ldoce "mark" ; :wnsense "mark2n" ; :wordnet "mark" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Mark' is any visible ''Mark'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mark' in WordNet: 2. (4) marker, marking, mark - (a distinguishing symbol; 'the owner's mark was on all the sheep') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Identification ; owl:onProperty :isSatisfactoryForPurpose ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :identifies ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ] . :Identifier a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Identifier is a specialization of Designator in that it refers to a particular individual entity. This contrasts with the more general Designators, which can refer to classes of entities, such as the Designator 'cat', referring to a species of animal. Identifiers do not have to be unique; for example, many human names are used as identifiers for more than one person. But when the Identifier is created (and as a SymbolicObject, it must be created with a purpose by some intelligent agent), it is intended to refer to an individual entity. A complication exists in that the may be many different linguistic variants of a particular Designator or Identifier. Names may be pronounced in various ways by different people, or transliterated into different alphabets. Thus the designator itself may have an abstract representation as any of various other SymbolicObjects, such as text strings in different languages. We use the convention that the designator itself is fixed as the SymbolicObject created by the agent (person) who created it to use it as a label for an entity, and there may be different ways of linguistically expressing that designator. An AbstractString (in any language) used to represent a Designator will be related to that Designator by the hasAbstractRepresentation relation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Designator . :IdentifierString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An IdentifierString an AbstractString that was created as an Identifier for some individual Entity. This is a very general concept. Every name-label for every concept in this ontology is an IdentifierString.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, :Identifier . :Identifying :en "identifying", "recognizing" ; :ldoce "recognize" ; :wnsense "identify6v", "place8v", "recognize4v" ; :wordnet "identify", "place", "recognize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which an agent comes to believe that some individual Object or Event is the same to some previously known individual. For the act of recognizing that something is of a particular type, use 'Classifying'. For the Action in which an agent asserts to someone else that some object is a particular individual, use 'AssertingAnIdentity'. NOTE that this is a ''PurposefuAction'' and therefore is performed for some purpose. So that if a Person 'recgnizes' another incidentally, without intending to search for that Person when looking at the Group, it might seem that this is not purposive - but the looking itself has the purpose of observing, to learn what is there, , and that action makes the more specific ''Identifying'' a ''PurposefuAction'', with an intended result of new information. In this case the ''Identity'' learned is a ''RelationInstance'' between the thing observed and some thing previously observed. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'identify' and sense 4 of recognize in WordNet: 6. (2) identify - (consider to be equal or the same; 'He identified his brother as one of the fugitives') WN verb 'recognize': 4. (11) recognize, recognise - (perceive to be the same) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recognizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Identity ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ] . :IdentifyingaPerson :en "identifying", "recognizing" ; :wnsense "identify1v" ; :wordnet "identify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IdentifyingaPerson'' is an ''Identifying'' Action in which one Person recognizes another Person that the first Person has previously seen (or has seen some image). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'identify' in WordNet: 1. (33) identify, place - (recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something; 'She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recognizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPerceived ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Identity :wnsense "identity4n" ; :wordnet "identity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of Identity asserts that two entities that may have different names are in fact the same individual entity, and can substitute for each other in an Assertion without changing its meaning or truth value. There is no sense of 'equality' in WordNet corresponding to this concept. This corresponds to sense 4 of 'identity' in WordNet: 4. (2) identity, identicalness, indistinguishability - (exact sameness; 'they shared an identity of interests') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelationInstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :isIdenticalTo ; owl:onProperty :hasRelation ] . :Ideogram :wnsense "ideogram1n", "ideograph1n" ; :wordnet "ideogram", "ideograph" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Ideogram'' is a ''WritingSymbol'' in a WritingSystem that includes symbols ('characters') that represent ideas, not just sounds, and may include symbols representing sounds as well. These can be as simple as a numeral representing a number, or a Chinese character of many strokes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ideogram' in WordNet: 1. ideogram, ideograph - (a graphic character used in ideography) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingInHieroglyphs ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Ideographic :pertainsTo :Ideogram ; :wnsense "ideographic1adj" ; :wordnet "ideographic" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ideographic' in Wordnet: 1. ideographic - (of or relating to or consisting of ideograms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lexical . :Ideological :pertainsTo :Ideology ; :wnsense "ideologic1adj", "ideological1adj" ; :wordnet "ideologic", "ideological" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' that pertains not only to political ideology but to holding strong ideas in general. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ideological' in WordNet: 1. ideological, ideologic - (concerned with or suggestive of ideas; 'an ideological argument'; 'ideological application of a theory'; 'the drama's symbolism was very ideological') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :IdeologicalOrganization :guid "c100495f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Organizations, each of which is guided in its actions primarily by an ideology or cause - i.e., by something other than in its own self-interest or the self-interest of its members. Elements of #$IdeologicalOrganization include organizations which seek to promote some religious or political agenda and organizations which pursue humanitarian ends. NOTE that this is not a GroupOfPeople, but an Organization. The members of this type of Organization might consitute an 'ActivityTypeFocusGroup', but this relation is not yet formalized (v0.35) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :Ideology :wnsense "ideology1n" ; :wordnet "ideology" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BeliefSystem'' that is the strongest general motivator for person's behaviors, primarily used for ideologies with respect to specific types of action, such as politics, each of which would be a subtype of this. See subtype ''PoliticalIdeology'. NOTE that a 'pragmatist' would not be one to hold an ''Ideology'', which suggests that the holder has an emotional reluctance to change beliefs even when there are good reasons to do so. Approximately corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'ideology' in WordNet, but WN sense seems to be focused on political or group ideology whereas this is more general. in WordNet: 1. (4) political orientation, ideology, political theory - (an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeliefSystem . :IdiomaticExpression :ldoce "phrase" ; :wnsense "idiom4n", "idiomatic expression1n", "phrasal idiom1n", "phrase3n", "set phrase1n" ; :wordnet "idiom", "idiomatic expression", "phrasal idiom", "phrase", "set phrase" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Phrase' (Group of Words) whose meaning is not interpretable from the usual literal interpretations of the individual words, and must be understood as a unit. Corresponds to sense 3 of noun 'phrase' and sense 4 of 'idiom' in Wordnet: 3. (1) idiom, idiomatic expression, phrasal idiom, set phrase, phrase - (an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase . :Idiosyncratic :isTheOppositeOf :Orthodox ; :wnsense "idiosyncratic1adj" ; :wordnet "idiosyncratic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Idiosyncratic'' is a degree of ''Unorthodox'' that is usually observed only in individuals and may attract another Person's attention. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'idiosyncratic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) idiosyncratic - (peculiar to the individual; 'we all have our own idiosyncratic gestures'; 'Michelangelo's highly idiosyncratic style of painting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient, :Unorthodox . :Idiot :wnsense "cretin1n", "half-wit1n", "idiot1n", "imbecile1n", "retard1n" ; :wordnet "cretin", "half-wit", "idiot", "imbecile", "retard" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Idiot'' is a subtype of ''Imbecile'' whose intelligence is below that of an ''Imbecile''. This term is often used pejoratively, but technically it is merely a characterization of intelligence. NOTE that WN does not distinguish between 'moron' 'imbecile' and 'idiot', as is done in psychology. COSMO adopts the technical usage with'imbecile' and 'idiot' as progressively less intelligent subtypes of 'moron'. So to call someone an 'idiot' would also be calling that person a 'moron' which has the same effect as the WN usage (except that calling one a moron or imbecile would not be the same as calling that person an 'idiot' - no great loss). Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'idiot' in WordNet: 1. idiot, imbecile, cretin, moron, changeling, half-wit, retard - (a person of subnormal intelligence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imbecile . :Idle :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Idling ; :wnsense "idle1adj" ; :wordnet "idle" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'idle' in Wordnet: 1. (4) idle - (not in action or at work; 'an idle laborer'; 'idle drifters'; 'the idle rich'; 'an idle mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Idler :wnsense "bum3n", "do-nothing1n", "idler1n", "layabout1n", "loafer1n" ; :wordnet "bum", "do-nothing", "idler", "layabout", "loafer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Idler'' is a Person who avoids work. For the habitual do-nothing use subtype ''Goof-off''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'idler' in WordNet: 1. idler, loafer, do-nothing, layabout, bum - (person who does no work; \"a lazy bum\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AvoidingWork ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Idling :eng "idling" ; :wnsense "idle1v", "laze1v", "slug2v", "stagnate4v" ; :wordnet "idle", "laze", "slug", "stagnate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Idling'' is to be doing nothing much; inactive. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'idle' in WordNet: 1. (1) idle, laze, slug, stagnate - (be idle; exist in a changeless situation; 'The old man sat and stagnated on his porch'; 'He slugged in bed all morning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulInaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Idle ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Idol :wnsense "god4n", "graven image1n", "idol1n" ; :wordnet "god", "graven image", "idol" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Idol'' is an Object that is intended to represent a 'god', some sort of supernatural being that is not the one ''God'' considered as the sole true God, the creator of the universe. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'idol' in WordNet: 1. (2) idol, graven image, god - (a material effigy that is worshipped; 'thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image'; 'money was his god') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SymbolicObject . :Idolatry :wnsense "idol worship1n", "idolatry2n" ; :wordnet "idol worship", "idolatry" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'idolatry' in WordNet: 2. idolatry, idol worship - (the worship of idols; the worship of images that are not God) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorTowardOthers, :Worshipping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom :Idol ] . :Idolizing :eng "idolizing", "revering" ; :wnsense "hero-worship1v", "idolise1v", "idolize1v", "revere1v", "worship1v" ; :wordnet "hero-worship", "idolise", "idolize", "revere", "worship" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is not for religious 'worshipping', but is directed toward some ''Person'' liked to a high degree. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'idolize' in WordNet: 1. (1) idolize, idolise, worship, hero-worship, revere - (love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol; 'Many teenagers idolized the Beatles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdoringSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom :LovedOne ] . :Igneous :isAnAttributeValueOf :IgneousRock ; :wnsense "igneous1adj", "pyrogenic2adj", "pyrogenous2adj" ; :wordnet "igneous", "pyrogenic", "pyrogenous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'igneous' in Wordnet: 1. igneous, pyrogenic, pyrogenous - (produced under conditions involving intense heat; 'igneous rock is rock formed by solidification from a molten state; especially from molten magma'; 'igneous fusion is fusion by heat alone'; 'pyrogenic strata') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :IgneousRock :guid "bd5b14f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "igneous rock1n" ; :wordnet "igneous rock" ; a :StoneType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance produced from molten rock that hardens, as in subterranean magma, or emitted in a volcanic eruption. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'igneous rock' in WordNet: 1. igneous rock - (rock formed by the solidification of molten magma) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fusing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Ignition :wnsense "catch fire1v", "combust2v", "conflagrate2v", "erupt3v", "ignite2v", "ignition1n", "take fire1v" ; :wordnet "catch fire", "combust", "conflagrate", "erupt", "ignite", "ignition", "take fire" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ignition'' is the first phase of a ''Combustion'' Event, when the transition from not burning to burning takes place. This includes 'ignition' of fires as in''Arson'' as well as 'ignition' in gasoline engines and rockets. This is the intransitive sense. This may be caused by a ''SettingSomethingOnFire'' action, or it may be the first phase of a ''SpontaneousCombustion''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ignite' in WordNet: 2. (1) erupt, ignite, catch fire, take fire, combust, conflagrate - (start to burn or burst into flames; 'Marsh gases ignited suddenly'; 'The oily rags combusted spontaneously') WN noun 'ignition': 1. ignition - (the process of initiating combustion or catching fire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combustion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combustion ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SettingSomethingOnFire ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :Ignominious :wnsense "black12adj", "disgraceful2adj", "ignominious1adj", "inglorious1adj", "opprobrious2adj", "shameful1adj" ; :wordnet "black", "disgraceful", "ignominious", "inglorious", "opprobrious", "shameful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ignominious'' is a subattribute of ''Humiliating'' characterizing actions that demonstrate such a lack of character (in whatever way relevant to performing that Action) that causes the actor to feel ''Shamed''. In Wordnet 'ignominious' is synonymous with 'shameful' and 'disgraceful' but here it applies to actions that are 'humiliating' as well as disgraceful. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ignominious' in Wordnet: 1. black, disgraceful, ignominious, inglorious, opprobrious, shameful - ((used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame; 'Man...has written one of his blackest records as a destroyer on the oceanic islands'- Rachel Carson; 'an ignominious retreat'; 'inglorious defeat'; 'an opprobrious monument to human greed'; 'a shameful display of cowardice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Humiliating, :Shameful . :Ignoramus :wnsense "ignoramus1n", "know nothing1n", "uneducated person1n" ; :wordnet "ignoramus", "know nothing", "uneducated person" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ignoramus' in WordNet: 1. (1) ignoramus, know nothing, uneducated person - (an ignorant person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnskilledPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uneducated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ignorant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ignorance :contrastsWith :Learned ; :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Ignorant, :Unknowing ; :wnsense "ignorance1n" ; :wordnet "ignorance" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ignorance'' is the nominalized form of ''Ignorant'' and also of ''Unknowing'' - lack of knowledge about specific facts or about a broad range of things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ignorance' in WordNet: 1. (7) ignorance - (the lack of knowledge or education) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :Ignorant :isTheOppositeOf :Learned ; :wnsense "ignorant1adj", "nescient2adj", "unenlightened3adj", "unlearned3adj", "unlettered1adj" ; :wordnet "ignorant", "nescient", "unenlightened", "unlearned", "unlettered" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ignorant'' is the attribute of someone who knows very little about facts and general learning that a typical person in an advanced society would know. The adjective specifying ignorance of specific topics is represented by ''Unknowing''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ignorant' in Wordnet: 1. (3) ignorant, nescient, unenlightened, unlearned, unlettered - (uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication; 'an ignorant man'; 'nescient of contemporary literature'; 'an unlearned group incapable of understanding complex issues'; 'exhibiting contempt for his unlettered companions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonTraitValue . :Ignored :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SkippingOverSomething ; :wnsense "ignored1adj", "unheeded1adj" ; :wordnet "ignored", "unheeded" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Ignored'' is for intentionally not responding to some situation. For unintentionally not responding, use ''Neglected''. NOTE: WN seems to conflate the two. Corresponds to part (for *intentionally* ignoring) adjective sense 1 of 'ignored' in Wordnet: 1. ignored, neglected, unheeded - (disregarded; 'his cries were unheeded'; 'Shaw's neglected one-act comedy, `A Village Wooing''; 'her ignored advice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Ignoring :en "disregarding", "ignoring" ; :wnsense "brush aside1v", "brush off1v", "discount1v", "dismiss1v", "disregard2v", "disregard3v", "ignore2v", "ignore3v", "ignore4v", "neglect4v", "push aside2v" ; :wordnet "brush aside", "brush off", "discount", "dismiss", "disregard", "ignore", "neglect", "push aside" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ignoring' is an intentional Action in which an Agent chooses not to pay attention (see 'Perceiving-Voluntary'). This type includes both long-term ignoring something, to the point of forgetting about it, or a mere temporary ignoring of something within eyesight or hearing. This includes senses 2 and 4 of verb 'ignore' in WordNet - Sense 3 is unintentional, and needs to be represented elsewhere. Sense 2 is the subtype 'Dismissing' in WordNet: 2. (14) dismiss, disregard, brush aside, brush off, discount, push aside, ignore - (bar from attention or consideration; 'She dismissed his advances') 3. (7) ignore - (fail to notice) 4. (3) neglect, ignore, disregard - (give little or no attention to; 'Disregard the errors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :Refraining . :Iguana :guid "bd58a935-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Iguana iguana1n", "common iguana1n", "iguana1n" ; :wordnet "Iguana iguana", "common iguana", "iguana" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A group of lizard species, typified by the Green Tree Iguana, the species most commonly kept as a pet. Most species are tropical. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iguana' in WordNet: 1. common iguana, iguana, Iguana iguana - (large herbivorous tropical American arboreal lizards with a spiny crest along the back; used as human food in Central America and South America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lizard . :Ileum :guid "bdd70b1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ileum1n" ; :wordnet "ileum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all ilea. Each instance of this collection is the distal section of a #$SmallIntestine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ileum' in WordNet: 1. (1) ileum - (the part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :Intestine . :Ilium :guid "be1c0527-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ilium2n" ; :wordnet "ilium" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$Ilium is the part of the of the #$PelvicBone underlying the #$Hip. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ilium' in WordNet: 2. ilium - (the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hip ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :IllBeing :wnsense "ill-being1n" ; :wordnet "ill-being" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ill-being' in WordNet: 1. ill-being - (lack of prosperity or happiness or health) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hardship, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wellbeing ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :IllNature :wnsense "ill nature1n" ; :wordnet "ill nature" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person with an 'IllNature' is prone to easily become irritated or angry.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ill nature' in WordNet: 1. ill nature - (a disagreeable, irritable, or malevolent disposition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Temperament . :Illegal :isTheOppositeOf :Legal ; :violatesRule :Law ; :wnsense "illegal1adj", "illegitimate1adj", "illicit2adj", "outlaw1adj", "outlawed1adj", "unlawful2adj", "unlawful5adj" ; :wordnet "illegal", "illegitimate", "illicit", "outlaw", "outlawed", "unlawful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Illegal' is an attribute of an Action that is prohibited by some law of a government. This includes the sense of 'illegal drugs', though in that sense what is illegal is the creation, possession, or use of the drugs, not the substances themselves. The 'violatesRule' relation does not require specifying the 'Law' that the Action would violate,but if it is known it should be specified using this relation. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'illegal' and senses 2 and 5 of 'unlawful' in WordNet; this COSMO element represents only the sense meaning 'contrary to law'. The sense of 'illegal' in games is a different sense: in WordNet: 1. (3) illegal - (prohibited by law or by official or accepted rules; 'an illegal chess move') WN adj 'unlawful': 2. unlawful - (contrary to or prohibited by or defiant of law; 'unlawful measures'; 'unlawful money'; 'unlawful hunters') 5. illegitimate, illicit, outlaw, outlawed, unlawful - (contrary to or forbidden by law; 'an illegitimate seizure of power'; 'illicit trade'; 'an outlaw strike'; 'unlawful measures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgainstSomeRule . :IllegalAction :guid "be79dd39-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of actions that are illegal. Since different things are legal/illegal in different areas this collection should only be used in a microtheory that specifies the area where the instances of this collection are illegal. The restriction requires that the Law that is violated must be specified. This includes civil and criminal illegal actions; for the criminal actions, use the subtype 'Crime'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wrongdoing' : in WordNet: 2. wrongdoing, wrongful conduct, misconduct, actus reus - (activity that transgresses moral or civil law; 'he denied any wrongdoing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfringingARule, :ViolatingAnObligation, :Wrongdoing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illegal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :violatesRule ; owl:someValuesFrom :Law ] . :IllegalDrug :en "illegal drug" ; :guid "bd588b7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs whose ingestion, use, sale, or manufacture is prohibited by law. This is close to the maximum level of 'controlled' for ''ControlledSubstance''s.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlledSubstance . :Illegally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Illegal ; :wnsense "illegally1adv", "illicitly2adv", "lawlessly1adv" ; :wordnet "illegally", "illicitly", "lawlessly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'illegally' in Wordnet: 1. illegally, illicitly, lawlessly - (in an illegal manner; 'they dumped the waste illegally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :IllegitimateChild :wnsense "bastard2n", "illegitimate child1n", "illegitimate1n", "love child1n", "whoreson1n" ; :wordnet "bastard", "illegitimate", "illegitimate child", "love child", "whoreson" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'illegitimate child' in WordNet: 1. bastard, by-blow, love child, illegitimate child, illegitimate, whoreson - (the illegitimate offspring of unmarried parents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalChild, :Daughter . :Illiterate :isTheOppositeOf :Educated ; :wnsense "illiterate1adj", "uneducated1adj" ; :wordnet "illiterate", "uneducated" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Illiterate'' is the attribute of a Person who cannot read or write. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'illiterate' in Wordnet: 1. (2) illiterate - (not able to read or write) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uneducated . :IllnessType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Illness as one of their arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalConditionType . :Illuminated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :IlluminatingSomething ; :wnsense "illuminated1adj", "lighted2adj", "lit1adj" ; :wordnet "illuminated", "lighted", "lit" ; a :AppearanceType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of areas,that have been illuminated to some perceptible degree by artificial or natural means (e.g. sunlight) - sufficient to discern some features by observing with the eyes. This means more intensely lighted than ''Light-NotDark''; a higher degree of illumination is ''WellLighted''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'illuminated' (the levels lower than ''WellLighted'', and not necessarily artificial light) in WordNet: 2. (6) illuminated, lighted, lit, well-lighted - (provided with artificial light; 'illuminated advertising'; looked up at the lighted windows'; 'a brightly lit room'; 'a well-lighted stairwell') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Light-NotDark, :PastParticiple . :IlluminatingSomething :eng "illuminating" ; :wnsense "illume1v", "illuminate1v", "illumine1v", "light up2v", "light1v" ; :wordnet "illume", "illuminate", "illumine", "light", "light up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IlluminatingSomething'' is an ''Action'' performed by some light-emitting 'agent' (which could be inanimate, such as the sun or a LightingDevice). This requires emission of ''VisibleLight'' at sufficient intensity to allow people to see something - though the light does not have to be intense, a penlight allowing reading small sections of print would qualify. This is a subtype of ''EmittingLight'' that includes the additional subevents of **NOTE*** If this event is caused by an ''IntelligentAgent'' intentionally lighting up an object,the causative Action is an instance of ''\"IlluminatingSomethingAction\"'', and this ''Action'' is *causedBy* that purposeful action The light-emitting thing may be directed by an ''IntelligentAgent'' for some purpose (usually ''Seeing'' the object) ''IlluminatingSomething'' is an ''Action'' performed by some light-emitting 'agent' (which could be inanimate, such as the sun or a LightingDevice). This requires emission of ''VisibleLight'' at sufficient intensity to allow people to see something - though the light does not have to be intense, a penlight allowing reading small sections of print would qualify. The light-emitting thing may be directed by an ''IntelligentAgent'' for some purpose (usually ''Seeing'' the object) Light and Illumination in COSMO: ''IlluminatingSomething'' is the act of making an object visible by causing light to impinge on the Object. This may be dome by an inanimate light source such as the sun or moon. If this is accomplished by the intentional ''PurposefulAction'' of an ''IntelligentAgent'' then that Action is an instance of ''IlluminatingSomethingAction''. This action (whether or not caused by an IlluminatingSomethingAction) has three distinguishable subevents: (1) an emitter emitting light of sufficient intensity; This may be directed by an ''IntelligentAgent'' but that agent is not part of this type (to represent that use ''IlluminatingSomethingAction''). (2) the propagation of the light in the direction of the object to be illumated; (3) impinging of the light on the object (a ''ShiningOnAnObject'' Event) ,which makes the object ''Visible'' (the Object performs a ''BeingVisible'' state). NOTE:WN does not distinguish between illuination by the lighting source and intentionally causing illumination by a Person (an ''IlluminatingSomethingAction''). This WN sense is used in both types in COSMO but only part is applicable here. Corresponds approximately to part of verb sense 1 of 'illuminate' in Wordnet: 1. (9) light, illume, illumine, light up, illuminate - (make lighter or brighter; 'This lamp lightens the room a bit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :EmittingLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightPropagationEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShiningOnAnObject ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingVisible ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :IlluminatingSomethingAction :eng "illuminating" ; :wnsense "illume1v", "illuminate1v", "illumine1v", "light up2v", "light1v" ; :wordnet "illume", "illuminate", "illumine", "light", "light up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IlluminatingSomethingAction'' is a ''PurposefulAction'' performed by an 'IntelligentAgent'' that uses a ''LightingDevice'' to be able to see things. This causes an ''\"IlluminatingSomething\" Event in which the ''LightingDevice'' radiates visible light followed by the light propagating and then by the 'Something' being made ''Visible'' by the impinging light. This is the Action that occurs when a Person turns on room lights or flood lights, or directs a flashligh or spotlight on a particular Object or in a particular direction - or lights candles in a dark room. Light and Illumination in COSMO: ''IlluminatingSomething'' is the act of making an object visible by causing light to impinge on the Object. This may be dome by an inanimate light source such as the sun or moon. If this is accomplished by the intentional ''PurposefulAction'' of an ''IntelligentAgent'' then that Action is an instance of ''IlluminatingSomethingAction''. This action (whether or not caused by an IlluminatingSomethingAction) has three distinguishable subevents: (1) an emitter emitting light of sufficient intensity; This may be directed by an ''IntelligentAgent'' but that agent is not part of this type (to represent that use ''IlluminatingSomethingAction''). (2) the propagation of the light in the direction of the object to be illumated; (3) impinging of the light on the object (a ''ShiningOnAnObject'' Event) ,which makes the object ''Visible'' (the Object performs a ''BeingVisible'' state). NOTE:WN does not distinguish between illuination by the lighting source and intentionally causing illumination by a Person (an ''IlluminatingSomething''). This WN sense is used in both types in COSMO but only part is applicable here. Corresponds approximately to part of verb sense 1 of 'illuminate' in Wordnet: 1. (9) light, illume, illumine, light up, illuminate - (make lighter or brighter; 'This lamp lightens the room a bit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :LightPropagationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IlluminatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightingArrangement ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illuminated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :IlluminatingTheMoon :en "illuminating the moon", "lighting up the moon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IlluminatingTheMoon'' is the ''Action'' performed by earths sun ''Sol'' in shining on the ''Earth'sMoon''. This includes shining on the whole moon or shining on part of the Moon. This action can be blocked by a ''LunarEclipse'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :EmittingLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sol ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsMoon ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoonLight ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Illusion :wnsense "fancy1n", "fantasy3n", "illusion2n", "phantasy1n" ; :wordnet "fancy", "fantasy", "illusion", "phantasy" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Illusion'' is an 'ErroneousBelief' that is pleasing to some Person to hold,, and which, if removed by some event(such as being told) causes ''Disenchantment''. NOTE: WN gloss uses this for a widespread illusion, but this type can be used to rerpresent an individual's illusion. The parent type ''ErroneousBelief'' can be used for beliefs not so strongly held and valued by the believer. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'illusion' in WordNet: 2. (6) illusion, fantasy, phantasy, fancy - (something many people believe that is false; 'they have the illusion that I am very wealthy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ErroneousBelief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] ; owl:disjointWith :Knowledge . :Illustrating :en "add an illustration", "give an example" ; :wnsense "exemplify2v", "illustrate1v", "illustrate2v" ; :wordnet "exemplify", "illustrate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Illustrating'' is a generic term for adding ''AdditionalInformation'' that provides more detail about something being discussed - either exaples of ideas or images (still or video) that depict the thing(s) being discussed. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'illustrate' in WordNet: 1. (34) exemplify, illustrate, instance - (clarify by giving an example of) 2. (6) illustrate - (depict with an illustration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clarifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :AdditionalInformation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Illustration ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractDocument ] . :Illustration :wnsense "llustration4n" ; :wordnet "llustration" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Illustration' is any AbstractImage used in some context where it helps to describe or explain something. The physical image would be a representation. This is a subtype of ''AdditionalInformation'' becase it is always addedto some other ''InformationObject'' to provide ''Clarifying'' detail. Examples would be graphs or diagrams in texts intended to explain things or report data. (e.g. ''GraphicalIllustration'') This corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'illustration' in WordNet: 1. (4) illustration - (artwork that helps make something clear or attractive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, :AdditionalInformation . :ImForMeFirst :hasPhysicalRepresentation :ImForMeFirstPaperback12345 ; a :Book-Abstract . :ImForMeFirstPaperback12345 :hasMassInGrams "125"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf :ImForMeFirst ; a :Book-Physical . :ImageCaptureEvent a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ImageCaptureEvent.is an InformationTransferEvent in which shape information about some physical object(s) is transferred from the object(s) to a recording medium, under the control of a 'IntentionalAgent'. The result of an ImageCaptureEvent is to create both a CapturedImage (an abstract image) and also its physical representation. Although the abstract CapturedImage may be the created object of greatest interest (reproduced many times), its representation must exist on some physical recording medium.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationTransferEvent, :MakingaPhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CapturedImage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalImage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractView ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ImageCopy :ldoce "copy" ; :wnsense "copy1n", "reproduction3n" ; :wordnet "copy", "reproduction" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ImageCopy'' is a PhysicalObject that is a StillImage and is created by a process of ''IBTcopying''. NOTE that a ''ProjectedImage'' is not a ''PhysicalObject'' (it is the light waves reflected from some surface), so is not a subtype of this type. If made by an 'IBTCopying' process, it will be an 'InformationBearingThing' Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'copy' and sense 3 of 'reproduction' and sense 2 of 'transcript' and sense 1 of 'replica in WordNet: 1. (7) transcript, copy - (a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)) 2. (6) copy - (a secondary representation of an original; 'she made a copy of the designer dress') WN 'reproduction': 3. replica, replication, reproduction - (copy that is not the original; something that has been copied) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Copy, :Duplicate, :PhysicalImage, :SolidTangibleArtifact, :StillImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IBTCopying ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :ImageFocus :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Focused ; :wnsense "focus2n" ; :wordnet "focus" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'focus' in WordNet: 2. (3) focus - (maximum clarity or distinctness of an image rendered by an optical system; 'in focus'; 'out of focus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distinctness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Focused ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceiving ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :ImageScanner :CYC "Scanner-Optical" ; :wnsense "digital scanner1n", "image scanner1n", "scanner2n" ; :wordnet "digital scanner", "image scanner", "scanner" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ImageScanner'' is a Device that can use light to read an image on a flat surface (such as a piece of paper) and convert it into a computer image file and transmit it for storage into a computer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'image scanner' in WordNet: 1. scanner, digital scanner, image scanner - (an electronic device that generates a digital representation of an image for data input to a computer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerInputDevice, :ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor, :Scanner, :SensorDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerImageFile ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImageCaptureEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Imaginary :ldoce "imaginary" ; :wnsense "fanciful2adj", "imaginary1adj", "imagined1adj", "notional1adj" ; :wordnet "fanciful", "imaginary", "imagined", "notional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Imaginary' is the AttributeValue of anything ( Object, Event, or other) that does not exist in the real world (is not 'real'), but only in the imagination of some person who believes in it. Imaginary things may or may not violate the known laws of Physica. A Hallucination is imaginary, as are fairies. However, plans, theories, and hypothetical things that are known not to exist by the person who creates them are not 'imaginary' in this sense - to be imaginary it must be believed by someone, not intentionally created as fiction or hypothesis or speculation.. There is a fuzzy borderline between Imaginary' and 'Fictional'. Things known to be Fictional are not imaginary, but if they come to be believed by someone, they can be described as Imaginary, at least with respect to that person's beliefs. 'Mythical' is a subtype of 'Imaginary'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imaginary' in WordNet: 1. (8) fanciful, imaginary, imagined, notional - (not based on fact; dubious; 'the falsehood about some fanciful secret treaties'- F.D.Roosevelt; 'a small child's imaginary friends'; 'her imagined fame'; 'to create a notional world for oneself') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonReal-World . :Imagination :isAbilityToPerformActionType :Imagining ; :wnsense "imagery1n", "imagination2n", "mental imagery1n" ; :wordnet "imagery", "imagination", "mental imagery" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imagination'' is the ability to perform ''Imagining''. This is an ''AgentCapability'' that is possessed by nost humans. For a higher level of imagining ability, use ''Creativity''. In the phrase 'see it in your imagination', this is the sense of 'imagination' that should be referenced, the ability to imagine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imagination' in Wordnet: 2. (9) imagination, imaging, imagery, mental imagery - (the ability to form mental images of things or events; 'he could still hear her in his imagination') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creativity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imagining ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :Imaginative :wnsense "imaginative1adj", "ingenious1adj", "inventive1adj" ; :wordnet "imaginative", "ingenious", "inventive" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Imaginative' is a subtype of the attribute 'Clever' that selects the aspect of intelligence that manifests itself in originality - finding solutions that even other Clever people wouldn't find. This corresponds partly to sense 1 of 'ingenious' in Wordnet, and to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'imaginative' **but** in COSMO this applies only to people: for the sense applied to artifacts, use 'ingenious' See also 'Apt' - a related term - and (for the results of intelligent action) 'Ingenious'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imaginative' in Wordnet: 1. (3) imaginative, ingenious, inventive - ((used of persons or artifacts) marked by independence and creativity in thought or action; 'an imaginative use of material'; 'the invention of the knitting frame by another ingenious English clergyman'- Lewis Mumford; 'an ingenious device'; 'had an inventive turn of mind'; 'inventive ceramics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clever . :Imaging :wnsense "imaging2n" ; :wordnet "imaging" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imaging'' is the Action of creating images (still or moving) of the internalparts of some object by any means. Tomography is a type of imaging. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'imaging' (this includes any form of 'imaging' of internal parts, not only of bodies) in WordNet: 2. imaging, tomography - ((medicine) obtaining pictures of the interior of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericImage ] . :Imagining :eng "imagining" ; :ldoce "imagine" ; :wnsense "imagination1n", "imagine1v" ; :wordnet "imagination", "imagine" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Forming a mental picture (not necessarily visual - for that use subtype ''Envisioning'') of something which is not present. A person able to do doing this (most people) has the capability type ''Imagination''. In COSMO this is considered as a strictly human ability; although some animals have demonstrated problem-solving suggesting some ability to imagine situations not present, that level is not considered as an instance of this type. the term 'imagination' in the senses 1 meaning of WordNet is considered a synonym of this concept. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'imagine' and noun sense 1 of 'imagination' in WordNet: 1. (66) imagine, conceive of, ideate, envisage - (form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case; Can you conceive of him as the president?) WN noun 'imagination': 1. (16) imagination, imaginativeness, vision - (the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses; 'popular imagination created a world of demons'; 'imagination reveals what the world could be') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, :HumanActivity, :StrictlyMentalEvent . :Imago :guid "c10081da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "imago2n" ; :wordnet "imago" ; a :BeastType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of stages in the lives of individual organisms; a subset of #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment. Each element of #$Imago is a metamorphic insect during its adult stage. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'imago' in WordNet: 2. imago - (an adult insect produced after metamorphosis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdultAnimal, :Insect . :Imam :wnsense "imam1n", "imaum1n" ; :wordnet "imam", "imaum" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person who is a leader for a Mosque or for some group of Mislims who and is called an 'imam' by some group of Muslim believers. There are at least two differentiable subtypes, ''Imam-Shiite''and ''Imam-Sunni''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imam' in WordNet: 1. imam, imaum - ((Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque; for Shiites an imam is a recognized authority on Islamic theology and law and a spiritual guide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric, :Leader, :MuslimPerson . :Imam-Shiite :en "Shiite Imam" ; :enn "Shiite Imam" ; :guid "2c786b11-2063-11d8-8d63-0002b3a86795" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In #$ShiiteIslam, '#$Imam-Shiite' is meant to denote #$MuhammadTheProphet's descendents, whom they believe to be the true rulers of #$Islam. The #$Imam-Shiite is supposed to provide guidance to the human race in both religious and secular issues. There can only be one #$Imam-Shiite at a time, but #$ShiiteIslam has not had an #$Imam-Shiite since around 941AD. The last #$Imam-Shiite, Muhammad al Mahdi, has taken on a messianic role in #$ShiiteIslam. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imam, :ShiitePerson . :Imam-Sunni :guid "2c784404-2063-11d8-8d63-0002b3a86795" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The congregational prayer performed in the #$Mosque is supposed to have a leader, and this person is called '#$Imam-Sunni'. In the standard #$SunniIslam interpretation, #$Imam-Sunni is neither a profession, nor a qualification: the #$Imam-Sunni is not ordained in the manner of Christian priests. Any respected Muslim who is normally well-trained in the prayer can be an #$Imam-Sunni. In general, it is the most learned and most respected person in the assembly who is offered the honour of being #$Imam-Sunni. Customarily, a #$MosqueCongregation will have one person who regularly serves as #$Imam-Sunni and the position often confers a great deal of informal authority.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imam . :Imbecile :wnsense "imbecile1n" ; :wordnet "imbecile" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Imbecile'' is a ''Moron'' whose intelligence is below hat of a ''Moron''. This term is often used pejoratively, but technically it is merely a characterization of intelligence. NOTE that WN does not distinguish between 'moron' 'imbecile' and 'idiot', as is done in psychology. COSMO adopts the technical usage with'imbecile' and 'idiot' as progressively less intelligent subtypes of 'moron'. So to call someone an 'idiot' would also be calling that person a 'moron' which has the same effect as the WN usage (except that calling one a moron or imbecile would not be the same as calling that person an 'idiot' - no great loss). Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'imbecile' in WordNet: 1. idiot, imbecile, cretin, moron, changeling, half-wit, retard - (a person of subnormal intelligence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moron, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imbecilic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Imbecilic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "idiotic3adj", "imbecile1adj", "imbecilic1adj" ; :wordnet "idiotic", "imbecile", "imbecilic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imbecilic'' is a more intensive level of ''Moronic'' characterizing someone whose intelligence lower ''Moronic'' and much lower than the average. Technically an 'idiot' has lower intelligence than an'imbecile' but the WN gloss suggests that common usage conflates these two. NOTE RHW technical note at ''Imbecile'': Psychol. a person of the second order in a former classification of mental retardation, above the level of idiocy, having a mental age of seven or eight years and an intelligence quotient of 25 to 50. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imbecilic' in WordNet: 1. imbecile, imbecilic, idiotic - (having a mental age of three to seven years) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moronic . :ImipenemCilastatinSodium :guid "bd62ec85-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AntibioticType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A chemical compound which is used in injectable antibiotic products. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antibiotic . :Imitating :wnsense "copy2v", "imitate1v" ; :wordnet "copy", "imitate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imitating'' is a 'Repeating' of some agent's words or actions (a form of ''Acting'') by a different agent, orally or by gesture. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'imitate' in WordNet: 1. (4) imitate, copy, simulate - (reproduce someone's behavior or looks; 'The mime imitated the passers-by'; 'Children often copy their parents or older siblings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acting, :Repeating, :Simulating . :Imitator :wnsense "ape2n", "aper1n", "copycat1n", "emulator1n", "follower1n", "imitator2n" ; :wordnet "ape", "aper", "copycat", "emulator", "follower", "imitator" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who is performs ''TakingAfterSomeone'', imitating some aspect of another's behavior. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'imitator' and part of non sense 1 of 'follower' (accepting another's behavior as a good thing) in WordNet: 1. (7) follower - (a person who accepts the leadership of another) WN noun 'imitator': 2. copycat, imitator, emulator, ape, aper - (someone who copies the words or behavior of another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingAfterSomeone ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Immaculate :wnsense "immaculate1adj", "speckless1adj", "spic-and-span2adj", "spic1adj", "spick-and-span2adj", "spick1adj", "spotless1adj" ; :wordnet "immaculate", "speckless", "spic", "spic-and-span", "spick", "spick-and-span", "spotless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Perfectly clean, free of stain. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'immaculate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) immaculate, speckless, spick-and-span, spic-and-span, spic, spick, spotless - (completely neat and clean; 'the apartment was immaculate'; 'in her immaculate white uniform'; 'a spick-and-span kitchen'; 'their spic red-visored caps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clean . :Immature :isTheOppositeOf :Mature ; :wnsense "immature2adj", "immature3adj", "immature4adj", "immature5adj", "immature6adj" ; :wordnet "immature" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Immature' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of things (usually organisms) that have not yet developed to a point where they are ready for some purpose - in the case of organisms, the purpose is reproduction. For humans, there is also a sense of emotional immaturity that may persist after sexual maturity. So 'Immature' may be interpreted relative to some purpose or context. This is the most general sense of 'immature', and includes wines that have not aged sufficiently, plans that are not fully developed by individuals or groups, as well as for organisms or (as with fruit) parts of organisms. Includes adjective senses 2,3, 4, 5, and 5 of 'immature' in WordNet: 2. (1) immature, unformed - - (lacking in development; 'immature plans'; 'an unformed character') 3. young, immature - - ((used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth; 'young people') 4. green, unripe, unripened, immature - - (not fully developed or mature; not ripe; 'unripe fruit'; 'fried green tomatoes'; 'green wood') 5. immature - - (not yet mature) 6. unfledged, immature - - ((of birds) not yet having developed feathers; 'a small unfledged sparrow on the window sill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ImmatureOrganism :en "immature organism" ; :enn "immature organism" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ImmatureOrganism is an Organism in which some typical feature of the adult form is not yet fully developed. NOTE carefully that in COSMO the category 'Organism' is intended to represent typical adults forms of an organism. Therefore we can make certain necessary assertions about an 'Organism' without being concerned about exceptions. When exceptional circumstances are encountered, one should use the category 'ImmatureOrganism' or 'AbnormalOrganism'. Rather than reify such categories for each organism type, they can be generated by use of functions on the typical organism Type. If functions are not available in some implementation, reification may be necessary. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism . :Immaturity :wnsense "immatureness1n", "immaturity1n" ; :wordnet "immatureness", "immaturity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immaturity' in WordNet: 1. immaturity, immatureness - (not having reached maturity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immature ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lifetime ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Maturity ; owl:onProperty :contrastsWith ] . :ImmediateWeatherProcess :guid "bd58dfc6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: from Cyc, an Event, not a FunctionalProcess. Cyc: A specialization of #$WeatherEvent. Each instance of #$WeatherEvent is a meteorological event of a duration shorter than a seasonal process. A particular hurricane event, for example, might be characteristic of a seasonal process for a region; but the hurricane event itself is an instance of #$ImmediateWeatherProcess. Another example of an instance of #$ImmediateWeatherProcess is a single #$LightningEvent. (Cf. #$AnnualClimateCycle.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeatherEvent . :Immediately :en "ASAP", "as soon as possible", "before you do anything else", "in no time flat", "without delay" ; :wnsense "at once1adv", "directly3adv", "forthwith1adv", "immediately1adv", "in real time1adv", "instantly1adv", "like a shot1adv", "now6adv", "right away1adv", "straight off1adv", "straightaway1adv" ; :wordnet "at once", "directly", "forthwith", "immediately", "in real time", "instantly", "like a shot", "now", "right away", "straight off", "straightaway" ; a :AdverbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Immediately' is the type that refers to the short time intervals that are in very near ('immediate') future - 'near' being vague, but in esence this means 'as soon as possible' and 'before you do anthing else', which should be less than 1 day from the assertion containing ''Immediately'' Grammatically 'Immediately' is an adverb, but it actually specifies a time interval, so is represented as a type in COSMO. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'immediately' in WordNet: 1. (46) immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, now, right away, at once, forthwith, in real time, like a shot - (without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening; 'he answered immediately'; 'found an answer straightaway'; 'an official accused of dishonesty should be suspended forthwith'; 'Come here now!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTemporalLocation ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureTimeInterval ] . :ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid :guid "bd588e1b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "immerse1v" ; :wordnet "immerse" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To intentionally immerse an object liquid, whether or not it is subsequently withdrawn. This must occur in a gravitational field, therefore an 'immersion' is necessarily a 'Lowering'. However not every 'Lowering' is caused by an IntentionalAgent, therefore this is also a subtype of 'DirectedTranslation'. Includes CYC 'Dipping': Dipping something solid into a liquid. The restriction requires specifying some Liquid type of LiquidObject when referring to an instance of 'immersing'. See subtype ''SubmergingInWater''. The WN gloss does not seem to include a controlled immersion, but 'dip' (see 'DippingSomething' ) is a subtype in WN, so this must include the intended sense. The closest WN sense of 'immerse' is sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (3) immerse, plunge - (thrust or throw into; 'Immerse yourself in hot water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :DirectedTranslation, :Lowering, :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isIntoInteriorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObject :LiquidObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :Immigrant :wnsense "immigrant1n" ; :wordnet "immigrant" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immigant' in WordNet: 1. (5) immigrant - (a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Migrant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Immigrating ] . :Immigrating :wnsense "immigrate3v", "immigration1n", "in-migration1n" ; :wordnet "immigrate", "immigration", "in-migration" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of'immigrating' is for migration into a country that is not one's native land. Includes verb sense 3 of 'immigrate' and noun sense 1 of 'immigration' in WordNet: 3. immigrate - (come into a new country and change residency; 'Many people immigrated at the beginning of the 20th century') WN noun 'immigration': 1. (1) immigration, in-migration - (migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringaCountry, :Migrating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Immigrant ] . :Imminent :wnsense "at hand2adj", "close at hand2adj", "imminent1adj", "impendent1adj", "impending1adj" ; :wordnet "at hand", "close at hand", "imminent", "impendent", "impending" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imminent'' is the attribute of Events that will or are likely to occur in the very near future. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imminent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) at hand, close at hand, imminent, impendent, impending - (close in time; about to occur; 'retribution is at hand'; 'some people believe the day of judgment is close at hand'; 'in imminent danger'; 'his impending retirement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CloseInTime . :Immiscible :isAnAttributeValueOf :TwoLiquids ; :isTheOppositeOf :Miscible ; :wnsense "immiscible1adj", "non-miscible1adj", "unmixable1adj" ; :wordnet "immiscible", "non-miscible", "unmixable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'immiscible' in Wordnet: 1. immiscible, non-miscible, unmixable - ((chemistry, physics) incapable of mixing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Immobile :isTheOppositeOf :Mobile ; :wnsense "immobile1adj", "stationary2adj" ; :wordnet "immobile", "stationary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Immobile' is the attribute of objects and locations that typically do not move relative to the Earth's surface (for artifacts like buildings), but could be the surface of another planet, or relative to some astronomical object's center. For lack of motion relative to other objects, or for temporary standing still things, use 'Stationary'. This must be interpreted as a default attribute, since things that are typically stationary, such as buildings, may on occasion be moved. For vehicles that are not moving in their medium (road, water, air) at some particular time, use 'StandingStill'. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'immobile and sense 2 of 'stationary' in WordNet: 2. stationary - (not capable of being moved; 'stationary machinery') WN adj 'immobile': 1. immobile - (not capable of movement or of being moved) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Immobilizing a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Immobilizing'' applies to ''Organism''s that can move, causing a state in which they cannot move. NOTE: The WN gloss includes traffic', but this type is narrower, for moving Organisms. Corresponds to part (for Organisms) of verb sense 6 of 'immobilize' in WordNet: 6. immobilize, immobilise - (cause to be unable to move; 'The sudden storm immobilized the traffic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, :WorseningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immobile ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Immolating :wnsense "immolate1v" ; :wordnet "immolate" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Immolating'' is a form of ''SacrificingToaDeity'' is a ''LosingSomething'' as an act of Wordship, often involving destroying by fire. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'immolate' in WordNet: 1. immolate - (offer as a sacrifice by killing or by giving up to destruction; 'The Aztecs immolated human victims'; 'immolate the valuables at the temple') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntentionalDestruction, :SacrificingToaDeity . :Immoral :isTheOppositeOf :Moral ; :ldoce "immoral" ; :wnsense "bad12adj", "depraved1adj", "immoral1adj", "immoral2adj", "immoral3adj", "immoral4adj", "immoral5adj", "perverse1adj", "perverted3adj", "reprobate1adj" ; :wordnet "bad", "depraved", "immoral", "perverse", "perverted", "reprobate" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated violates some code of morality or ethics. Includes adjective senses 1, 3, 4, and 5 of 'immoral' in WordNet: 1. (2) immoral - (deliberately violating accepted principles of right and wrong) 3. immoral - (morally unprincipled; 'immoral behavior') 4. bad, immoral - (characterized by wickedness or immorality; 'led a very bad life') 5. depraved, immoral, perverse, perverted, reprobate - (marked by immorality; deviating from what is considered right or proper or good; 'depraved criminals'; 'a perverted sense of loyalty'; 'the reprobate conduct of a gambling aristocrat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unethical . :ImmoralPerson :en "immoral person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ImmoralPerson'' is a Person who often violates traditional codes of 'morality' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immoral ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Immortal :hasAdverbialForm :Busily ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Death ; :isTheOppositeOf :Mortal ; :wnsense "immortal1adj" ; :wordnet "immortal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Immortal'' is an attribute of things that will never dieor come to an end. Probably nothing in the RealWorld fits that criterion, except perhaps the universe as a whole. This is usually only applied literally to religious, mythical or fictional things. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'immortal' in Wordnet: 1. (5) immortal - (not subject to death) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive . :Immune :pertainsTo :AilmentImmunity, :ImmuneSystem, :Immunization ; :wnsense "immune1adj" ; :wordnet "immune" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Immune'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the condition of ''Immunity'' to disease, or some closely related or associated aspects. Corresponds most closely to adjective sense 1 of 'immune' in WordNet: 1. immune - (relating to the condition of immunity; \"the immune system\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Immune-Resistant :en "being immune" ; :guid "35a1c3fc-7f2e-41d7-8052-a1fcca080cdc" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfAnAnimalUnlikelyToUndergo :AilmentCondition ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :AilmentImmunity ; :isTheOppositeOf :SusceptibleToaDisease ; :wnsense "immune3adj" ; :wordnet "immune" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Immune-Resistant'' is a more complete subtype of ''ResistantToDisease''characterizing Animals that have some Generic *biological* ''AilmentImmunity'' to some kind of AilmentCondition. Subtypes will be more specific. This attribute can be induced by various events such as infection, vaccination, exposure to an antigen. CYC: The collection of instances of #$Animal that are immune to some type of ailment. This means 'being immune'. Corresponds most closely to parts of adjective sense 3 of 'immune' in WordNet, but this COSMO type is for immunity to disease, in the sense of being resistant, and is not a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to Imunity generally. For that use ''Immune'' 3. immune, resistant - (relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ResistantToDisease . :ImmunePerson :wnsense "immune1n" ; :wordnet "immune" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ImmunePerson'' is a Person who is ''Immune'' to some ''Disease'' that can be transmitted to or from others. If that Person is also abletotransmit the disease to another Person, s/he is an instance of the subtype ''DiseaseCarrier''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immune' in WordNet: 1. immune - (a person who is immune to a particular infection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immune ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ImmuneResponse :guid "c0be93a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "immune reaction1n", "immune response1n", "immunologic response1n" ; :wordnet "immune reaction", "immune response", "immunologic response" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BodilyResponse'' by the ''ImmuneSystem'' to the presence of something interpreted as a 'foreign' thing in the body, causing production of ''Antibody''s. This may be beneficial or harmful, depending on multiple aspects of the situation. CYC: A collection of events. An instance of #$ImmuneResponse is the response of organism's #$ImmuneSystem to an encounter with microbial or viral agents. See #$HumoralImmuneResponse, #$CellularImmuneResponse, and #$ImmuneSystem. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immune response' in WordNet: 1. immune response, immune reaction, immunologic response - (a bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, :BodilyResponse, :PhysicalReaction, :PhysiologicalEffect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Antibody ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ImmuneSystem :guid "bd63649b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "immune system1n" ; :wordnet "immune system" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all animal immune systems considered as instances of #$AnimalBodyPart. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immune system' in WordNet: 1. (1) immune system - (a system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :PhysicalObject, :PhysiologicalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Antibody ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImmuneResponse ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Immunity :enn "resistance" ; :wnsense "immunity1n", "immunity3n", "unsusceptibility1n" ; :wordnet "immunity", "unsusceptibility" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Immunity'' is a broad class of ''ObjectCondition''s of Objects that can strongly or completely resist the deleterious effects of some agent, action, or situation; this is a lack of 'susceptibility' to some deleterious situation. This is the generic sense of 'immunity' including immunity from disease, immunity from prosecution, immunity (syn. 'unsusceptibility') from degradation (e.g. a stainless steel object) and immunity from an obligation. NOTE: immunity from disease is represented as the subtype ''AilmentImmunity''. NOTE: no sense of 'resistance' in WN seems to fit this type, but RHW sense 1 of 'resistance' does include this broad sense: RHW 'resistance': 1. the act or power of resisting, opposing, or withstanding. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'immunity' in WordNet: 1. (5) unsusceptibility, immunity - (the state of not being susceptible; 'unsusceptibility to rust') 3. immunity - (the quality of being unaffected by something; 'immunity to criticism') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Freedom, :ObjectCondition, :PhysicalSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ] . :ImmunityFromLegalPunishment :en "immunity from legal punishment" ; :enn "immunity from legal punishment" ; a :ActionType, :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ImmunityFromLegalPunishment'' is a ''PersistenState'' of some Person(s) who for any reason cannot be legally punished. The subtypes can add in more detail about the reason for the immunity or the kind of punishment that the subject is immune to (free from). Getting a 'pardon' from the President or a Governor would be one type. This is similar to an ''Amnesty'' but is usually caused in a different manner. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exemption, :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isGoodFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offender ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BearingPunishment ; owl:onProperty :isaFreedomFrom ] . :ImmunityType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some subtype of ''Immunity as one of their arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :EventType . :Immunization :wnsense "immunise2v", "immunize2v" ; :wordnet "immunise", "immunize" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Immunization'' is the Action in which some ''Animal'' acquires ''Immunity'' to some Disease. NOTE that ''immunizing' and ''Vaccination'' are synonyms in WN,but in COSMO ''Vaccination'' is an attempt at ''Immunization'' that does not always succeed. ''Immunization'' is the state of actually becoming ''Immune''. NOTE: ''vccinating' is broken out as a separate type - *attempting* to immunize. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'immunize' in WordNet: 2. immunize, immunise, inoculate, vaccinate - (perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation; 'We vaccinate against scarlet fever'; 'The nurse vaccinated the children in the school') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Development, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ; owl:someValuesFrom :ImmunityType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vaccinating ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :Immunodeficiency :wnsense "immunodeficiency1n" ; :wordnet "immunodeficiency" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Immunodeficiency''is a subtype of 'Disease' in which the immune system is unable to function as well as needed to protect from infectious disease. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immunodeficiency' in WordNet: 1. immunodeficiency - (immunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease . :Immunologist :guid "bd588b69-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "immunologist1n" ; :wordnet "immunologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Immunologists are doctors who specialize in the phenomena and causes of immunity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immunologist' in WordNet: 1. immunologist - (a medical scientist who specializes in immunology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImmuneSystem ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immunology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Immunology :wnsense "immunology1n" ; :wordnet "immunology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Immunology'' is the branch of ''Biology'' concerned with how the immune system functions, and how it malfunctions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'immunology' in WordNet: 1. (1) immunology - (the branch of medical science that studies the body's immune system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImmuneSystem ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immunity ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImmuneResponse ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immunodeficiency ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immunologist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Imp :wnsense "imp2n", "monkey2n", "rapscallion2n", "rascal2n", "scalawag3n", "scallywag3n", "scamp1n" ; :wordnet "imp", "monkey", "rapscallion", "rascal", "scalawag", "scallywag", "scamp" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Imp is a ''MinorChild'' that has a tendency to misbehave. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'imp' in WordNet: 2. imp, scamp, monkey, rascal, rapscallion, scalawag, scallywag - (one who is playfully mischievous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impish ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Impact :en "strong effect" ; :wnsense "impact2n", "impact3n" ; :wordnet "impact" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Impact'' is a strong 'Effect'' (Event,including states). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impact' in WordNet: 2. (6) impact, wallop - (a forceful consequence; a strong effect; 'the book had an important impact on my thinking'; 'the book packs a wallop') 3. (2) impingement, encroachment, impact - (influencing strongly; 'they resented the impingement of American values on European culture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effect, :Result . :Impaired :wnsense "afflicted2adj", "impaired1adj", "impaired2adj" ; :wordnet "afflicted", "impaired" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of an animal who has sufficiently less of some ability than the typical animal of that type. 'Physically impaired' or 'disabled' is used for people with some disability. This does not necessarily imply a complete absence of some function, but sufficient impairment to create a significant difficulty. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'impaired' in WordNet: 1. (1) impaired - (diminished in strength, quality, or utility; 'impaired eyesight') 2. afflicted, impaired - (mentally or physically unfit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingaFunction . :Impaling :wnsense "empale1v", "impale1v", "spike2v", "transfix2v" ; :wordnet "empale", "impale", "spike", "transfix" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impaling'' is a type of ''PiercingSomething'' with a sharp pointed stick or pole. The object pierced may not be a living thing, or may already be dead. The subtype ''ImpalingOnaStake'' is a form of ''Killing'' by impaling like Vlad Tepes, 'Vlad the Impaler', the inspiration for Count Dracula.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impale' in WordNet: 1. (2) transfix, impale, empale, spike - (pierce with a sharp stake or point; 'impale a shrimp on a skewer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PiercingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PointyEndedObject ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :ImpalingOnaStake :wnsense "impale2v", "stake5v" ; :wordnet "impale", "stake" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ImpalingOnaStake'' is a ''Killing'' that is a form of ''Impaling'' using a point-ended stake or some similar pole; it is often not immediately fatal. This was done in ancient and medieval times as a cruel way to execute a person - perhaps to set an example (e.g. by 'Vlad the Impaler') Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'stake' in WordNet: 5. impale, stake - (kill by piercing with a spear or sharp pole; 'the enemies were impaled and left to die') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impaling, :Killing . :Impartial :isTheOppositeOf :Partial ; :wnsense "evenhanded1adj", "fair2adj", "impartial1adj", "impartial2adj", "neutral2adj", "neutral4adj", "unprejudiced1adj" ; :wordnet "evenhanded", "fair", "impartial", "neutral", "unprejudiced" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impartial'' is a subtype of ''DisposedToReason'' recurring pattern of behavior that can be categorized as ''FairPlay''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'impartial' and senses 2 and 4 of 'neutral' in WordNet: 1. (1) impartial, fair - (showing lack of favoritism; 'the cold neutrality of an impartial judge') 2. unprejudiced, impartial - (free from undue bias or preconceived opinions; 'an unprejudiced appraisal of the pros and cons'; 'the impartial eye of a scientist') WN adj 'neutral': 2. (4) impersonal, neutral - (having no personal preference; 'impersonal criticism'; 'a neutral observer') 4. (2) neutral - (not supporting or favoring either side in a war, dispute, or contest) WN adj 'evenhanded': 1. evenhanded - (without partiality; 'evenhanded justice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisposedToReason, :PersonTraitValue, :Rational, :Unbiased, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FairPlay ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Impartiality :wnsense "impartiality1n" ; :wordnet "impartiality" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impartiality'' is an ''Attitude'' that predisposes a Person to treat all or most things (people, ''GroupOfpeople''s, 'Belief''s, assertions) in an objective manner, without apredisposition to favor one over the other. This is an Attitude that contrasts with ''Partiality''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impartiality' in WordNet: 1. impartiality, nonpartisanship - (an inclination to weigh both views or opinions equally) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attitude, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impartial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FairPlay ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Impartially :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Impartial ; :wnsense "evenhandedly1adv", "fairly2adv", "impartially1adv" ; :wordnet "evenhandedly", "fairly", "impartially" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impartially'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' indicating that an action was performed with ''Impartiality'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'impartially' and adverb sense 2 of 'fairly' in WordNet: 1. impartially - (in an impartial manner; ;he smiled at them both impartially;) WN adverb 'fairly': 2. (25) fairly, fair, evenhandedly - (without favoring one party, in a fair evenhanded manner; 'deal fairly with one another') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :ImpartingAnAttribute :wnsense "render1v" ; :wordnet "render" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ImpartingAnAttribute'' is an Event (formally an Action) in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - physically causes an Object to acquire a new AttributeValue; this differs from ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in that it does not point to a *Difference* in attributes before and after, but only to the *new* attribute acquired in the Event. This Type is used when one only wants to describe the AttributeValue that is given (it may be a change, but it may be an addition). The subtype ''SurfaceAttributeChange'' is used to descrbe a change to a surface attribute. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'render' in WordNet: 1. (12) render - (cause to become; 'The shot rendered her immobile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImpartingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValueType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :ImpartingKnowledge :wnsense "give12v", "impart1v", "leave13v", "pass on2v" ; :wordnet "give", "impart", "leave", "pass on" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ImpartingKnowledge'' is an Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impart' in WordNet: 1. (7) impart, leave, give, pass on - (tell or deposit (information) knowledge; 'give a secret to the Russians'; 'leave your name and address here') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :ImpartingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Informed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :InformationObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :ImpartingSomething :wnsense "add3v", "bestow3v", "bring7v", "contribute1v", "impart2v", "lend1v" ; :wordnet "add", "bestow", "bring", "contribute", "impart", "lend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ImpartingSomething'' is a ''Modification'' of some Object - animate or inanimate - by adding something to that Object. The something added can be abstract, such as knowledge or Belief or an Attribute, or physical, such as a substance. Subtypes can be more specific about what is imparted. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'impart' in WordNet: 2. (1) lend, impart, bestow, contribute, add, bring - (bestow a quality on; 'Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company'; 'The music added a lot to the play'; 'She brings a special atmosphere to our meetings'; 'This adds a light note to the program') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Modification . :Impassable :isAnAttributeValueOf :Barricade ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :BlockingAction ; :wnsense "impassable1adj", "unpassable1adj" ; :wordnet "impassable", "unpassable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impassable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) impassable, unpassable - (incapable of being passed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obstructive . :Impassioned :isAnAttributeValueOf :EmotionalState, :HumanActivity, :Person ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Passionate ; :wnsense "ardent1adj", "burning3adj", "fervent1adj", "fervid1adj", "fiery1adj", "fiery3adj", "flaming4adj", "impassioned1adj", "perfervid1adj", "torrid1adj" ; :wordnet "ardent", "burning", "fervent", "fervid", "fiery", "flaming", "impassioned", "perfervid", "torrid" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute ''Impassioned'' is an intense degree of ''Passionate''. There are several senses included here, differing by the kind of thing they characterize - people, actions, emotions, and even different types of emotions. Perhaps these should be separate entries, as some words like 'torrid' tend to be used more for sexual passion than other types; 'burning' also has some element of 'impatience' and 'desire'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impassioned' in Wordnet: 1. (4) ardent, burning, fervent, fervid, fiery, impassioned, perfervid, torrid - (characterized by intense emotion; 'ardent love'; 'an ardent lover'; 'a burning enthusiasm'; 'a fervent desire to change society'; 'a fervent admirer'; 'fiery oratory'; 'an impassioned appeal'; 'a torrid love affair') WN adj 'fiery': 3. fiery, flaming - (very intense; 'a fiery temper'; 'flaming passions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Passionate . :Impatience :causes :ComplainingAboutSomething ; :guid "bd58c997-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "impatience1n", "impatience3n", "intolerance1n", "restlessness2n" ; :wordnet "impatience", "intolerance", "restlessness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Emotion arising from the inability to bear some trial (as delay, opposition, discomfort, or stupidity), shown by mental and emotional unrest, and inability to keep still. Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'impatience' in WordNet: 1. (4) restlessness, impatience - (a lack of patience; irritation with anything that causes delay) 3. impatience - (a dislike of anything that causes delay) WN noun 'intolerance': 1. (1) intolerance - (impatience with annoyances; 'his intolerance of interruptions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Impatient :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Impatience ; :isTheOppositeOf :Patient ; :wnsense "impatient1adj" ; :wordnet "impatient" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Impatience. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impatient' in WordNet: 1. (5) impatient - (restless or short of temper under delay or opposition; 'impatient with the slower students'; 'impatient of criticism') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Impatiently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Impatient ; :isTheOppositeOf :Patiently ; :wnsense "impatiently1adv", "with impatience1adv" ; :wordnet "impatiently", "with impatience" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impatiently'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Agent was ''Impatient'' when performing the Action. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'impatiently' in Wordnet: 1. (6) impatiently, with impatience - (in an impatient manner; 'he answered her impatiently') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Impeachment :en "impeachment" ; :enn "impeachment" ; :guid "c0507a85-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Impeachment'' is a ''LegalAllegation'' that is an ''Accusation'' against some Governmental officer that that agent has committed an Action that is not necessarily a Crime, warranting removal from office. CYC: The collection of events involving the charging of a public official before a competent tribunal with misconduct in office. This is the abstract 'LinguisticAssertion'': for the paper document memorializing an ''Impeachment'' use ''BillOfImpeachment''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAllegation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DepartmentOfJustice ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BillOfImpeachment ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :Impeccable :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :isTheOppositeOf :Flawed ; :wnsense "faultless1adj", "immaculate3adj", "impeccable1adj" ; :wordnet "faultless", "immaculate", "impeccable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impeccable' in Wordnet: 1. (2) faultless, immaculate, impeccable - (without fault or error; 'faultless logic'; 'speaks impeccable French'; 'timing and technique were immaculate'; 'an immaculate record') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perfect . :Impeding :wnsense "hinder1v", "impede1v" ; :wordnet "hinder", "impede" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impeding'' is an Action by something (inanimate or animate) that can reduce the rate of or completely prevent some Action or Event. For an ''AttemptingAction'' by a ''IntentionalAgent'' that attempts to prevent an action, use ''Interfering''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impede' in WordNet: 1. (2) impede, hinder - (be a hindrance or obstacle to; 'She is impeding the progress of our project') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :AffectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Goal :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory ) ] ] . :Impelling :en "impelling", "propelling" ; :wnsense "impel2v", "propel1v" ; :wordnet "impel", "propel" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subclass of Propelling where the patient travels through space due to motion imparted by a sudden, forceful event. Some examples would be shooting, throwing, tossing, spitting, etc. The firing of a rocket motor is also an Impelling, though the motion is imparted by the object moved; Likewise, in zero gravity, the Propelling of one object by another would be an Impelling causing both objects to move. The Impelling can be done by a natural force such as a volcano or a tornado. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'impel' in WordNet: 2. propel, impel - (cause to move forward with force; 'Steam propels this ship') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Propelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BallisticMovementInAir ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Imperative :wnsense "imperative2n" ; :wordnet "imperative" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'imperative' in WordNet: 2. imperative - (some duty that is essential and urgent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObligedAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Essential ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urgent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Imperceptible :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :Perceiving ; :isTheOppositeOf :Perceivable ; :wnsense "imperceptible1adj", "unperceivable1adj" ; :wordnet "imperceptible", "unperceivable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imperceptible'' is the attribute of something, that cannot be perceved by human senses by *some* Person (though possibly by others). This attribute can be temporary, as when something is out of sight or so far away so as to be too faint to hear, or it can be an inherant attribute, as of X-rays or sounds above the audible range (''Ultrasound''). These two types of imperceptibility should be distinguished with subtypes. Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 (imperceptible to the senses) of 'imperceptible' in Wordnet: 1. imperceptible, unperceivable - (impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses; \"an imperceptible drop in temperature\"; \"an imperceptible nod\"; \"color is unperceivable to the touch\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Imperfect :contrastsWith :Perfect ; :en "less than perfect" ; :wnsense "imperfect1adj" ; :wordnet "imperfect" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of not being Perfect. This does not mean that the thing characterized is ''Bad'' - in fact to call something ''Imperfect'' usually means that it is ''Good'' but can be better. NOTE that this does not mean having just *some* ''Flaw'', but having some Flaw that is relevant to a Purpose. Something that has a minor flaw that does not detract from its purpose has the parent attribute ''Flawed''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imperfect' in WordNet: 1. (2) imperfect - (not perfect; defective or inadequate; 'had only an imperfect understanding of his responsibilities'; 'imperfect mortals'; 'drainage here is imperfect') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flawed . :Imperfection :wnsense "imperfection1n", "imperfectness1n" ; :wordnet "imperfection", "imperfectness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imperfection'' is a ''Quality'' (a PersistentState) in which some Part, Feature, or Attribute of an Object or Action is undesirable and makes the thing less suitable for a purpose than it could otherwise be - though not necessarily 'Bad'. This is a very broad concept. The notion of 'imperfection' as a some part of a physicalObject (e.g. RHW 'imperfection sense 1: 1. an imperfect detail; flaw: a law full of imperfections.) is not represented in WN, and is subsumed in COSMO under the entry ''Flaw''. This type corresponds to RHW sense 2 of 'imperfection': RHW: 2. the quality or condition of being imperfect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imperfection' in WordNet: 1. imperfection, imperfectness - (the state or an instance of being imperfect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imperfect ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flawed ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flawlessness ; owl:onProperty :contrastsWith ] . :Imperial :isAnAttributeValueOf :Emperor-HeadOfState, :Empire ; :pertainsTo :Emperor-HeadOfState, :Empire ; :wnsense "imperial1adj", "imperial2adj" ; :wordnet "imperial" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'imperial' in Wordnet: 1. (1) imperial - (relating to or associated with an empire; 'imperial colony'; 'the imperial gallon was standardized legally throughout the British Empire') 2. imperial - (befitting or belonging to an emperor or empress; 'imperial palace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Imperialism :wnsense "imperialism1n" ; :wordnet "imperialism" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Imperialism'' is a ''Policy'' of extending the rule of one Nation to other lands that are parts of an ''Empire''. NOTE that this is the policy of enoraging rule of one people by a foreign nation; the actual execution of such a policy would be similar to ''Colonialism'' (but not yet represented). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imperialism' in WordNet: 1. (2) imperialism - (a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalPolicy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GroupOfCountries ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Empire ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TerritorialExpansion :ForeignControl ) ] ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Impermeable :isTheOppositeOf :Porous ; :wnsense "impermeable1adj" ; :wordnet "impermeable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Impermeable' applies to objects that are a 'SheetOfSomeStuff' or a sheet-shaped substance. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impermeable' in WordNet: 1. impermeable - (preventing especially liquids to pass or diffuse through; 'impermeable stone'; 'an impermeable layer of scum'; 'a coat impermeable to rain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Impersonating :en "pose as", "pretend to be" ; :wnsense "impersonate3v", "impersonation2n", "imposture1n", "pose3v" ; :wordnet "impersonate", "impersonation", "imposture", "pose" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impersonating'' is ''Pretending'' to be someone else, other than one is. This is for intentional deception, not 'acting'in a drama. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'impersonate' in WordNet: 3. pose, impersonate, personate - (pretend to be someone you are not; sometimes with fraudulent intentions; 'She posed as the Czar's daughter') WN noun 'impersonation': 2. imposture, impersonation - (pretending to be another person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Deceiving, :Informing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lie ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Impetus :wnsense "drift1n", "impetus1n", "impulsion1n" ; :wordnet "drift", "impetus", "impulsion" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Impetus'' is a ''Force'' that is caused by the pressure of some moving fuid stream pushing on an Object in the direction of the stream flow. This contrasts with ''AerodynamicResistance'', which *retards* the motion of an Object that is being pushed in Air by some other Force. NOTE: the relation between a ''PushingPhenomenon'' (a Phenomenon) and a ''PushingEvent'' might be clearer or more precise. Rethink? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impetus' in WordNet: 1. (3) drift, impetus, impulsion - (a force that moves something along) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Force, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PushingPhenomenon ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidFlowEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Impish :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Naughtiness ; :wnsense "impish1adj", "implike1adj", "mischievous1adj", "pixilated1adj", "prankish1adj", "puckish1adj", "wicked4adj" ; :wordnet "impish", "implike", "mischievous", "pixilated", "prankish", "puckish", "wicked" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impish' in Wordnet: 1. impish, implike, mischievous, pixilated, prankish, puckish, wicked - (naughtily or annoyingly playful; 'teasing and worrying with impish laughter'; 'a wicked prank') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Naughty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imp ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Implant :wnsense "implant1n" ; :wordnet "implant" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'implant' in WordNet: 1. implant - (a prosthesis placed permanently in tissue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :wasaSubstituteFor ] . :Implanting :wnsense "embed1v", "engraft2v", "imbed1v", "implant1v", "plant2v" ; :wordnet "embed", "engraft", "imbed", "implant", "plant" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'implant' in WordNet: 1. (1) implant, engraft, embed, imbed, plant - (fix or set securely or deeply; 'He planted a knee in the back of his opponent'; 'The dentist implanted a tooth in the gum') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inserting . :ImplantingIdeas :en "plant an idea" ; :wnsense "implant3v", "plant6v" ; :wordnet "implant", "plant" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ImplantingIdeas'' is an ''Informing'' that is sufficiently convincing or forceful that it succeeds in making the audience remember and think about what was told to them. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'implant' in WordNet: 3. plant, implant - (put firmly in the mind; 'Plant a thought in the students' minds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convincing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Notion ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ] . :Implement :wnsense "implement1n" ; :wordnet "implement" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Implement' is a PhysicalOject (not necessarily artifactual) that is or can be used as an instrument to perform some task. This is broader than the WordNet suggestion that it is an artifact. This covers the usage where a natural object is used (a piece of wood used as a club, a rock used as a hammer). Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'implement' in WordNet: 1. (2) implement - (instrumentation (a piece of equipment or tool) used to effect an end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :UsefulThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Implemental :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :HelpingAnAgent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unhelpful ; :wnsense "implemental1adj", "instrumental2adj", "subservient2adj" ; :wordnet "implemental", "instrumental", "subservient" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Implemental'' (''Instrumental'' is used for instruments) is an attribute of anything that can assist a Person to accomplish some Goal. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'instrumental' in Wordnet: 2. implemental, instrumental, subservient - (serving or acting as a means or aid; 'instrumental in solving the crime') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Helpful . :Implementation :en "implementing" ; :wnsense "carry out1v", "carrying out1n", "carrying out2n", "execute3v", "execution2n", "execution6n", "implementation1n" ; :wordnet "carry out", "carry out1v", "carry out2v", "carrying out", "execute", "execution", "implementation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Implementation'' is an ''Action'' in which some Person or Organization performs an action in order to carry out some specified policy of that Agent. This can be implementation of government policy (such as promulgation or enforcement of a regulation); or it can be implementation of a business Organization policy or decision. This can also be used for military actions taken to execute decisions of a high-level government group, but not for ad hoc or local initiatives by a military group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'implementation' in WordNet: 1. (2) execution, implementation, carrying out - (the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order; 'the agency was created for the implementation of the policy') WN noun 'execution': 2. (2) performance, execution, carrying out, carrying into action - (the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it; 'they criticised his performance as mayor'; 'experience generally improves performance') WN verb 'carry out': 1. (26) carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil - (put in effect; 'carry out a task'; 'execute the decision of the people'; 'He actioned the operation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationAction, :PerformingSomeAction, :PlannedAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesiredFutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Plan ] . :Implication :wnsense "implication2n", "import4n", "significance2n" ; :wordnet "implication", "import", "significance" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Implication'' of some ''Communication'' is not expressed directly but implied (suggested) by the whole context of the communication. . Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'implication' in WordNet: 2. (7) significance, import, implication - (a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred; 'the significance of his remark became clear only later'; 'the expectation was spread both by word and by implication') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntendedMeaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheMeaningRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Communication ] . :Implicit :isTheOppositeOf :Explicit ; :wnsense "implicit1adj", "inexplicit1adj" ; :wordnet "implicit", "inexplicit" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Implicit'' is an attribute of Assertions, or propositions that are not clearly expressed in a text (or speech act) but can be inferred from what is expressed and the context and circumstances of the communication. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'implicit' in Wordnet: 1. (3) implicit, inexplicit - (implied though not directly expressed; inherent in the nature of something; 'an implicit agreement not to raise the subject'; 'there was implicit criticism in his voice'; 'anger was implicit in the argument'; 'the oak is implicit in the acorn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DifficultToUnderstand, :Implied . :Implicitly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Implicit ; :isTheOppositeOf :Explicitly ; :wnsense "implicitly1adv" ; :wordnet "implicitly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Implicitly'' is an attribute of Assertions, or propositions that are not clearly expressed in a text (or speech act) but can be inferred from what is expressed and the context and circumstances of the communication. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'implicitly' in Wordnet: 2. implicitly - (without ever expressing so clearly; 'he implicitly assumes that you know the answer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Implied :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Implying ; :wnsense "implied1adj", "silent3adj", "tacit1adj", "understood2adj" ; :wordnet "implied", "silent", "tacit", "understood" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Implied'' is an AttributeValue of an Assertion that was not stated clearly, but had to be inferred from what was actually stated. The opposite of ''Explicit''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'implied' in Wordnet: 1. (1) implied, silent, tacit, understood - (indicated by necessary connotation though not expressed directly; 'gave silent consent'; 'a tacit agreement'; 'the understood provisos of a custody agreement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Invisible . :Imploding :eng "imploding" ; :wnsense "go off6v", "implode1v" ; :wordnet "go off", "implode" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imploding'' is a form of ''Collapsing'' in which the external pressure on a cavity or container so greatly exceeds the internal pressure that the walls of the cavity rupture and the cavity collapses inward. This can happen, for example if a submarine dives to a depth too great for its walls to resist the water pressure, or a vacuum bottle wall cracks and the air pressure causes it to collapse. The type of 'implosion' used in detonating an atom bomb is of a different type not included in this type; it is the inward force cause by an explosion of explosive materials surrounding fissionable material which was separated into pieces and then collapses into a density sustaining a chain reaction. That type is not yet represented. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'implode' in WordNet: 1. implode, go off - (burst inward; 'The bottle imploded') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collapsing . :Implying :wnsense "connote1v", "imply1v" ; :wordnet "connote", "imply" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Implying'' is a ''UsingaLanguage'' (oral or written)in which the speaker intends to assert something without doing so directly, but indirectly by 'implication' which requires some reasoning and possibly assumptions to infer. NOTE: if an impication can be drawn from Reasoning about non-linguistic information, use relation ''implies'' to create the proper representation Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'imply' in WordNet: 1. (18) imply, connote - (express or state indirectly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :ImplyingSomething, :Informing, :UsingALanguage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indirect ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ImplyingSomething :wnsense "connote1v", "connote2v", "imply1v", "imply2v", "imply3v" ; :wordnet "connote", "imply" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ImplyingSomething'' is a .''Indicating'' in which the thing (fact or state) indicated has a high probability of being true. This probability is not the certainty that comes from a logical implication. This is a subtype of 'InformationTransferEvent'' and the information transfer can occur by intentional communication from some other agent, or by perceiving or observing something. Although the content of some Informtonbearingobject may carry implications (see ''Conclusion'') , it is not an ''ImplyingSomething'' until it has been perceived by some IntellgentAgent. Needs to be broadened> For the more specific 'implying' as a consequence of a linguistic communication use subtype ''Implying'' See also several relations starting with 'implies . . ' that are more narrowly focused than this general type. includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'imply' and verb sense 2 of 'connote' in WordNet: 1. (18) imply, connote - (express or state indirectly) 2. (14) imply - (suggest as a logically necessary consequence; in logic) 3. (1) entail, imply, mean - (have as a logical consequence; 'The water shortage means that we have to stop taking long showers') WN verb 'connote' 2. connote, predicate - (involve as a necessary condition of consequence; as in logic; 'solving the problem is predicated on understanding it well') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indicating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Conclusion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conclusion ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Impolite :isTheOppositeOf :Polite ; :ldoce "discourteous", "impolite" ; :wnsense "discourteous1adj", "impolite1adj" ; :wordnet "discourteous", "impolite" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Impolite' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who is not considerate of others and offends people; the offense can be mild and unintentional - being outright unpleasant in a manner that the offender should realize is impolite is represented as 'Rude' in COSMO. This AttributeValue can characterize behavior at a particular time, or habitual behavior. . The distinction between being 'impolite' at a particular time or habitually impolite is not yet represented in COSMO. This AttributeValue can characterize a Person or the Action of a Person. NOTE: the difference between 'impolite' and 'discourteous' is not clear, though the former is more commonly used. 'Rude' is also not clearly different, but carries a more intense sense of disapproval when used. In RHW the three are actually close to being synonymous: (RHW Discourteous def: not courteous; impolite; uncivil; rude) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impolite' and sense 1 of 'discourteous' in WordNet: 1. impolite - (not polite) WN 'discourteous': 1. (1) discourteous - (showing no courtesy; rude; 'a distant and at times discourteous young') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Offensive . :Import :wnsense "import1n", "importation2n" ; :wordnet "import", "importation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Import'' is any PhysicalObject that was shipped in an ''Importing'' Event. Intellectual property is not included in 'importing' or 'import' - information needs to be related differently. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'import' in WordNet: 1. (2) import, importation - (commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProductObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Importing ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ] . :ImportDuty :wnsense "import duty1n" ; :wordnet "import duty" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'import duty' in WordNet: 1. (2) duty, tariff - (a government tax on imports or exports; 'they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tariff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Importing ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :ImportQuota :en "import quota" ; :wnsense "quota3n" ; :wordnet "quota" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''QuotaLimit'' is the maximum permitted quantity of something (Object, Substance, Event) that can be used or had or performed by some Agent The WN sense 3 of 'quota' on imports would be a subtype. To specify a limit on specific types of things, a subtype can be created with the ''hasComponentElement'' - allValuesFrom - the type of thing that is limited,and the maximum quantity of that can be specified within the ''hasComponentElement'' restriction, using the ''owl:maxcardinality''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'quota', including maximum limits on things other than imports. in WordNet: 3. quota - (a limitation on imports; 'the quota for Japanese imports was negotiated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuotaLimit . :Importance :ldoce "importance" ; :takesValue :Important, :Unimportant ; :wnsense "importance1n" ; :wordnet "importance" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Importance' is an AttributeType whose values include 'Important', 'Unimportant', 'VeryImportant' and related AttributeValues. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'importance' in WordNet: 1. (50) importance - (the quality of being important and worthy of note; 'the importance of a well-balanced diet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :Important :isTheOppositeOf :Unimportant ; :wnsense "important1adj" ; :wordnet "important" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - people, events, objects - that are considered - by some person(s) - as important. This is a higher degree of 'Salient', and is inconsistent with 'Uninteresting'. This is an attribute that can be used to mark things that an agent should keep in mind. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'important' in WordNet: 1. (156) important, of import - (of great significance or value; 'important people'; 'the important questions of the day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Significant ; owl:disjointWith :Uninteresting . :ImportantThing :wnsense "checklist1n" ; :wordnet "checklist" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ImportantThing'' is anything (Event, Person, Name, Device, Attribute) that is ''Important'' to some degree in some context. This is very broad, and is represented to give some meaning to a ''CheckList'', since the items on a ''CheckList'' could be of any type, but will have the propery of being important enough in the context where the list is used so that a list is needed to be sure they are not overlooked. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Important ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Importantly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Important ; :wnsense "importantly1adv" ; :wordnet "importantly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Importantly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions to emphasize that the thing asserted is ''Important''. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'importantly' in WordNet: 1. (1) importantly, significantly - (in an important way or to an important degree; 'more importantly, Weber held that the manifold meaning attached to the event by the social scientist could alter his definition of the concrete event itself') 2. importantly - (in an important way; 'for centuries jellies have figured importantly among English desserts, particularly upon festive occasion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Imported :isAnAttributeValueOf :ProductObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Importing ; :wnsense "imported1adj" ; :wordnet "imported" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imported' in Wordnet: 1. imported - (used of especially merchandise brought from a foreign source; 'imported wines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foreign . :Importing :en "importing" ; :wnsense "import1v" ; :wordnet "import" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Importing'' is a ''Shipping'' Event in which the thing transported is coming from a country other than that in which the Shipping terminates - transporting across national borders. This is not necessarily a ''Buying'', as a person or company may import something the agent already owns in a foreign country, for that Agents own use, retaining possession. This has a converse corelated Event ''Importing''. Buying from a foreign agent would be subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'import' in WordNet: 1. (4) import - (bring in from abroad) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrossingACountryBorder, :Shipping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Import ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Import ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForeignCountry ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exporting ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ] . :Imposing :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unimpressive ; :wnsense "imposing1adj", "stately1adj" ; :wordnet "imposing", "stately" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imposing'' is a subtype of ''Impressive'' modifying only PhysicalObjects that are not just impressive but also somewhat large for their kind. WN adj 'imposing': in WordNet: 1. (1) baronial, imposing, noble, stately - (impressive in appearance; 'a baronial mansion'; 'an imposing residence'; 'a noble tree'; 'severe-looking policemen sat astride noble horses'; 'stately columns') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impressive . :ImposingSanctions :en "imposing sanctions" ; :enn "imposing sanctions" ; :guid "c09923f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all impositions of sanctions, each imposition being performed by an #$Agent upon another #$Agent that has some formal relationship to the imposer. In events of this type, the main #$Event is an official enactment by the imposer, calculated to lead to events that the recipient is presumed to dislike. For example, an organization imposes a fine on one of its members, a judge imposes sanctions on an errant lawyer before the court, the Roman Catholic Church excommunicates a miscreant parishioner, or the United Nations declares an oil embargo against a member-state. The purpose is either to punish the recipient for past disapproved behavior (as in criminal contempt of court, punishing rudeness or dishonesty) or to create an incentive for the recipient to improve future behavior (as in imprisonment for civil contempt of court, designed to force cooperation by a witness). The imposing #$Agent may or may not have any legitimate legal authority to impose the sanction, and may or may not have any power of enforcing the sanction. An instance of #$ImposingSanctions is the formal enactment rather than any later acts of enforcement. This concept is more specific than #$Punishing which includes spanking a baby, pistol-whipping a crime suspect, or retaliation bombing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Punishing . :ImposingaRule :wnsense "enforce2v", "impose1v", "imposition1n", "infliction1n" ; :wordnet "enforce", "impose", "imposition", "infliction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ImposingaRule'' can be increasing the range of people obigated by the rule, it does not have to include the creation of the Rule. The thing 'imposed' need not be a formal ''Rule''; it could be a tax or embargo or duty or obligation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impose' in WordNet: 1. (12) enforce, impose - (compel to behave in a certain way; 'Social relations impose courtesy') WN noun 'imposition': 1. (2) imposition, infliction - (the act of imposing something (as a tax or an embargo)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObligationCreatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imposition ; owl:onProperty :mayProduce ] . :Imposition :wnsense "imposition2n" ; :wordnet "imposition" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'imposition' in WordNet: 2. imposition - (an uncalled-for burden; 'he listened but resented the imposition') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Encumbrance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImposingaRule ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Impossible :isTheOppositeOf :Possible ; :wnsense "impossible1adj", "impossible2adj", "inconceivable1adj", "out of the question1adj", "unimaginable1adj" ; :wordnet "impossible", "inconceivable", "out of the question", "unimaginable" ; a :MeasureType, :ProbabilityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Impossible' is a 'VerbalProbability', an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that cannot be true, in some Possible World. This represents a range of numerical probabilities from 0.0 to 0.0 (i.e. the chances are zero). NOTE that this does not mean that the situation described cannot be true in any possible world; that would be the case only for logically contradictory assertions. This is a literal interpretation; exaggerated or metaphorical usage of the word 'impossible' is not within the scope of this type. Includes adjective sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'impossible' in WordNet: 1. (36) impossible - (not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with; 'an impossible dream'; 'an impossible situation') 2. (12) impossible, inconceivable, out of the question, unimaginable - (totally unlikely) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbalProbability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :ImpossibleThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ImpossibleThing'' is an Event or Proposition that is considered to be ''Impossible'' by some IntelligentAgent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnlikelyThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impossible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Impoverished :isAnAttributeValueOf :Pauper, :PoorPerson ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Poor ; :isTheOppositeOf :Wealthy ; :wnsense "broken10adj", "destitute1adj", "impoverished1adj", "impoverished2adj", "indigent1adj", "necessitous1adj", "needy1adj", "poverty-stricken1adj", "wiped out2adj" ; :wordnet "broken", "destitute", "impoverished", "indigent", "necessitous", "needy", "poverty-stricken", "wiped out" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impoverished'' is the attribute of a Person who has become very ''Poor'', potentially from some Event of impoverishing. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impoverished' in Wordnet: 1. destitute, impoverished, indigent, necessitous, needy, poverty-stricken - (poor enough to need help from others) 2. broken, wiped out, impoverished - (destroyed financially; 'the broken fortunes of the family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Poor . :Impoverishing :wnsense "impoverish1v" ; :wordnet "impoverish" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'impoverish' in WordNet: 1. impoverish - (make poor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, :Depriving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LivingWage ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poverty ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poor ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poorer ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :PersonType ) ] ] . :Impractical :isTheOppositeOf :Practical ; :wnsense "Laputan2adj", "airy2adj", "impractical1adj", "impractical2adj", "visionary1adj", "windy1adj" ; :wordnet "Laputan", "airy", "impractical", "visionary", "windy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something is 'impractical' if it does not serves a useful purpose, or involves too much expense, or is technically unfeasible. This sense corresponds to parts of senses 1 and 2 of 'impractical' in WordNet; it excludes the sense of 'impractical' as a personal trait: in WordNet: 1. (2) impractical - (not practical; not workable or not given to practical matters; 'refloating the ship proved impractical because of the expense'; 'he is intelligent but too impractical for commercial work'; 'an impractical solution') 2. airy, impractical, visionary, Laputan, windy - (not practical or realizable; speculative; 'airy theories about socioeconomic improvement'; 'visionary schemes for getting rich') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Impregnation :wnsense "bang up2v", "fecundate2v", "fertilisation1n", "fertilise3v", "fertilize3v", "impregnate3v", "impregnate4v", "impregnation3n", "inseminate2v", "knock up1v", "prang up1v" ; :wordnet "bang up", "fecundate", "fertilisation", "fertilise", "fertilize", "impregnate", "impregnation", "inseminate", "knock up", "prang up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impregnation'' is the Event in which a FemaleAnimal becomes pregnant, usually a mammal is most of interest. This is only for *animals*, so it corresponds only to part of the sense 3 of 'impregnation' in Wordnet NOTE: this is for making a female pregnant; introducing semen without causing pregnancy is not included in this type. That would be a different type. Corresponds to part (for mammals) of noun sense 1 of 'impregnation' in Wordnet: 3. fertilization, fertilisation, fecundation, impregnation - (creation by the physical union of male and female gametes; of sperm and ova in an animal or pollen and ovule in a plant) WN verb 'inseminate': 2. inseminate, fecundate, fertilize, fertilise - (introduce semen into (a female)) WN verb 'impregnate': 3. impregnate - (fertilize and cause to grow; 'the egg was impregnated') 4. impregnate, knock up, bang up, prang up - (make pregnant; 'He impregnated his wife again') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :FertilizingaFemaleOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingPregnant ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pregnancy ; owl:onProperty :initiatesState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalReproductionEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Impressed :isMoreIntenseThan :Abominable ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :BeingImpressed ; :wnsense "impressed1adj" ; :wordnet "impressed" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impressed'' is an attribute value a Person who is both ''Cognizant'' of something - a fact or Event, and bcause of that awareness experienced a ''BeingImpressed'' Feeling - at least temporarily. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impressed' in WordNet: 1. impressed - (deeply or markedly affected or influenced) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cognizant . :ImpressingSomeone :wnsense "impress2v" ; :wordnet "impress" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ImpressingSomeone'' is an Action that can cause ''BeingImpressed' in many people who learn of it. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'impress' in WordNet: 2. (8) impress - (impress positively; 'The young chess player impressed her audience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaMentalEvent, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingImpressed ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impressive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Impressive :isTheOppositeOf :Unimpressive ; :wnsense "impressive1adj" ; :wordnet "impressive" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that asserts that the thing evaluated produces a strong impression on the observer; the thing evaluated could be an Action or an Object or an AttributeType, animate or inanimate. in WordNet: 1. (16) impressive - (making a strong or vivid impression; 'an impressive ceremony') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Remarkable . :ImpressiveAppearance :takesValue :Impressive ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ImpressiveAppearance'' is an ''Appearance'' of some Object that can cause a viewer to experience ''BeingImpressed''.. Needs more detail to relate it properly to ''Impressive' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appearance . :Imprint :wnsense "embossment1n", "imprint4n" ; :wordnet "embossment", "imprint" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Imprint'' is a depression in a surface produced by intentionall applying force with a hard solid object to another solid object that is not as hard (has a lower 'hardness' value). The 'Imprint'' created may be text only, or graphical images (as on a coin) or both. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'imprint' in WordNet: 4. imprint, embossment - (an impression produced by pressure or printing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indentation . :Imprinted :en "imprinted" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Imprinting ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imprinted'' is the attribute of something that has symbolic impressions in a surface produced by ''Imprinting''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Imprinting :wnsense "impress4v", "imprint2v" ; :wordnet "impress", "imprint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'imprint' in WordNet: 2. impress, imprint - (mark or stamp with or as if with pressure; 'To make a batik, you impress a design with wax') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForceTransmissionEvent, :MarkingOnASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imprint ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imprinted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Imprisoned :isAnAttributeValueOf :Prisoner ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Imprisoning ; :isTheOppositeOf :Free ; :wnsense "imprisoned1adj", "jailed1adj" ; :wordnet "imprisoned", "jailed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Imprisoned is a subype of ''Confined''in which a Person has been captured and detained and is being held in some form of jail or Prison facility, and has not been released. This is more specific than ''Confined'', in that this is for people,and the area of free motion should not be much larger than a large prison or prison camp. Exile to an island is *not* an instance. This need not be done by law enforement, it could be a result of kidnapping or other illegal detention. Corresponds to *part* for people injail adjective sense 1 of 'imprisoned' in Wordnet: 1. captive, confined, imprisoned, jailed - (in captivity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Captured, :Confined, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prisoner ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Imprisoning :en "imprisoning", "lock up" ; :guid "bd59c3ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gaol1", "imprison1v", "imprisonment1n", "incarcerate1v", "jail1v", "put away3v", "put behind bars1v", "remand2v" ; :wordnet "gaol", "imprison", "imprisonment", "incarcerate", "jail", "put away", "put behind bars", "remand" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A situation where a ''Person'' is held in a prison (or jail, or detention center - subtypes can be distinguished and created as needed). SUMO: The class of Confining processes where the detainee is put in Prison. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'imprison' in Wordnet: 1. (3) imprison, incarcerate, lag, immure, put behind bars, jail, jug, gaol, put away, remand - (lock up or confine, in or as in a jail; 'The suspects were imprisoned without trial'; 'the murderer was incarcerated for the rest of his life') WN noun 'imprisonment': 1. (3) imprisonment - (putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Confining, :Punishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arresting ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFollows ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imprisoned ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captivity ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Imprisonment :wnsense "captivity1n", "immurement1n", "imprisonment2n", "incarceration1n" ; :wordnet "captivity", "immurement", "imprisonment", "incarceration" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Imprisonment'' is a subtype of ''Captivity'' in which a Person has experienced ''Imprisoning''and is still ''Imprisoned'', which is to be confined to a small room within a ''Prison''. This differs from parent type ''Captivity'' in that the Person imprisoned is confined to a small room most of the day. 'House arrest' or being in a 'labor camp' or 'detention center' are not included here - the parent ''Captivity'' can be used for those states. The parent '''Captivity' can be used for NonHumanAnimals, but this is specifically for people. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'imprisonment' in WordNet: 2. captivity, imprisonment, incarceration, immurement - (the state of being imprisoned; 'he was held in captivity until he died'; 'the imprisonment of captured soldiers'; 'his ignominious incarceration in the local jail'; 'he practiced the immurement of his enemies in the castle dungeon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Captivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prisoner ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imprisoned ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imprisoned ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imprisoning ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Impromptu :isAnAttributeValueOf :PurposefulAction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :PreparingForSituation ; :isTheOppositeOf :Prepared ; :wnsense "ad-lib1adj", "ad-lib2adj", "extemporaneous1adj", "extemporary1adj", "extempore1adj", "impromptu1adj", "off-the-cuff1adj", "offhand1adj", "offhanded1adj", "spontaneous2adj", "unrehearsed1adj", "unwritten3adj" ; :wordnet "ad-lib", "extemporaneous", "extemporary", "extempore", "impromptu", "off-the-cuff", "offhand", "offhanded", "spontaneous", "unrehearsed", "unwritten" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Although this characterizes Actions that are 'unplanned' it still characterizes a ''PurposefulAction''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impromptu' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ad-lib, extemporaneous, extemporary, extempore, impromptu, offhand, offhanded, off-the-cuff, unrehearsed - (with little or no preparation or forethought; 'his ad-lib comments showed poor judgment'; 'an extemporaneous piano recital'; 'an extemporary lecture'; 'an extempore skit'; 'an impromptu speech'; 'offhand excuses'; 'trying to sound offhanded and reassuring'; 'an off-the-cuff toast'; 'a few unrehearsed comments') WN adjective 'spontaneous': 2. ad-lib, spontaneous, unwritten - (said or done without having been planned or written in advance; 'he made a few ad-lib remarks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unplanned, :Unprepared . :Improper :isTheOppositeOf :SociallyAppropriate ; :wnsense "improper3adj", "inappropriate1adj", "unsuitable5adj", "wrong3adj" ; :wordnet "improper", "inappropriate", "unsuitable", "wrong" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unsuitable'' in violating some some accepted standard of behavior or propriety in social interactions (of actions). This can be a minor infraction of standards or worse. The more intensive types of 'improper' are subtypes. Correspond to part of adjective sense 3 of'improper' in WordNet: 3. unsuitable, improper, wrong - (not appropriate for a purpose or occasion; 'unsuitable attire for the office'; 'said all the wrong things') WN adj 'inappropriate': 1. (2) inappropriate - (not suitable for a particular occasion etc; 'noise seems inappropriate at a time of sadness'; 'inappropriate shoes for a walk on the beach'; 'put inappropriate pressure on them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unsuitable . :Improperly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Improper ; :wnsense "improperly1adv" ; :wordnet "improperly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'improperly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) improperly - (in an improper way; 'he checked whether the wound had healed improperly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Improved :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ImprovementEvent ; :wnsense "improved1adj", "improved2adj" ; :wordnet "improved" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Improved'' is the attribute of any Object, Abstract or Physical, or Event, that has experienced an ''ImprovementEvent''. Instances of Events are past and cannot be changed, but the protocol (Plan, Procedure, Method) can be improved so that future executions of similar Actions will be better for their purpose. Includes transitive and intransitive verb senses 1 and 2 of 'improved' in WordNet: 1. (3) improved - (made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing; 'new houses are springing up on an improved tract of land near the river'; 'an improved breed') 2. (2) improved - (become or made better in quality; 'was proud of his improved grades'; 'an improved viewfinder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Improvement :ldoce "improvement" ; :wnsense "advance2n", "betterment1n", "improvement2n" ; :wordnet "advance", "betterment", "improvement" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The change in attributes that is caused by an ImprovementEvent - or any its subtypes. This is an AttributeValue that is a Difference in the same Attribute of the same Object at different times, the later time being one where the Object is better in some respect. The Attribute that changes does not have to impare the functionality of the Object, it may only detract from its appearance. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'improvement' in WordNet: 2. (7) improvement, betterment, advance - (a change for the better; progress in development) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Change . :ImprovementEvent :eng "improving" ; :guid "bfeea174-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "improve", "improvement" ; :wnsense "ameliorate1v", "amend2v", "better2v", "better3v", "improve1v", "improve2v", "improvement1n", "meliorate1v" ; :wordnet "ameliorate", "amend", "better", "improve", "improvement", "meliorate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: an ImprovementEvent is classified as such from the point of view of anyone who considers his/her situation, or the value of some object, to have improved (become 'better' in some respect). This included transitive and intransitive uses; the intransitive event that results from this is a ''GettingBetter''.. This differs from the Cyc definition. Improvements can occur without the participation of the beneficiary, such as EconomicImprovement. Every ImprovementEvent should cause some kind of Improvement, but the kinds of Improvement are diverse, and it is not convenient to attempt to reify every one, so the restriction included here does not require that an instance of 'Improvement' be specified.. However, the second restriction does require that the *thing* improved must be specified. NOTE: after an Improvement, the thing improved should be better (for some purpose) - uses ''Improved'' to express this. \"gettingbetter\" Cyc: The collection of actions in which something is improved by being changed. The improvement is from the point of view of the performer. Corresponds to part of transitive verb sense 1 of 'improve' in WN (the part that has an Event doing the improving), and noun sense 1 of 'improvement'. For use of the verb 'improve' where an agent is the subject, use the relation 'causedToBe': in WordNet: 1. (66) better, improve, amend, ameliorate, meliorate - (to make better; 'The editor improved the manuscript with his changes') 2. (12) better, improve, ameliorate, meliorate - (get better; 'The weather improved toward evening') WN noun 'improvement': 1. (8) improvement - (the act of improving something; 'their improvements increased the value of the property') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Improvement :GettingBetter :DifferenceType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :improves ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Improved ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GettingBetter ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Improving :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :GettingBetter ; :wnsense "improving1adj", "up2adj" ; :wordnet "improving", "up" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'improving' in Wordnet: 1. improving, up - (getting higher or more vigorous; 'its an up market'; 'an improving economy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ImprovingFunctionality :en "functional improvement", "functionality improvement", "improving function", "improving functionality", "increasing functionality" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ImprovingFunctionality'' is the Action in which a Person (or persons) performs improves him/herself, in any manner. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnhancingSomething, :HumanActivity, :ImprovementEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Functionality ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Better ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Improvising :wnsense "extemporize1v", "improvisation2n", "improvise2v", "temporary expedient1n" ; :wordnet "extemporize", "improvisation", "improvise", "temporary expedient" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Improvising'' may be used in a transitive sense, as in 'improvising a bookshelf with bricks and boards'. An 'improvising' action is ''Unplanned'' in the sense of not being the execution of a ''Plan'' made before the task was undertaken. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'improvise' in WordNet: 2. improvise, extemporize - (manage in a makeshift way; do with whatever is at hand; 'after the hurricane destroyed our house, we had to improvise for weeks') WN noun 'improvisation': 2. improvisation, temporary expedient - (an unplanned expedient) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CopingWithaSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Makeshift ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unplanned ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ] . :Imprudent :isTheOppositeOf :Prudent ; :wnsense "imprudent1adj", "imprudent2adj" ; :wordnet "imprudent" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'imprudent' in Wordnet: 1. imprudent - (not prudent or wise; 'very imprudent of her mother to encourage her in such silly romantic ideas'; 'would be imprudent for a noneconomist to talk about the details of economic policy'- A.M.Schlesinger) 2. imprudent - (lacking wise self-restraint; 'an imprudent remark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unwise . :Impudence :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Impudent ; :wnsense "brashness2n", "cheekiness1n", "crust3n", "freshness5n", "galln", "impertinence2n", "impudence2n", "insolence1n" ; :wordnet "brashness", "cheekiness", "crust", "freshness", "gall", "impertinence", "impudence", "insolence" ; a :ActionType, :PersonalityTraitType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Impudence'' is an intensive degree of ''Rudeness'' a quality of a Person who is not only ''Rude''. 'Impudence' is the trait of someone who has an exaggerated form of 'Confidence' that allows a person to take actions in spite of likely disapproval of others, or of social norms. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'impudence' in WordNet: 2. crust, gall, impertinence, impudence, insolence, cheekiness, freshness - (the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties) WN adjective 'brashness' - neither sense is quite the same as intended here; WN sense 1 is 'showy' and sense 2 approximates 'rash'; but this COSMO sense WN means indifference to potential offense others might take: 2. brashness - (the trait of being rash and hasty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :PersonalityTrait, :Rudeness, :SelfConfidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impudent ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brazen ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Impudent :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Impudence ; :wnsense "brash1adj", "cheeky1adj", "flip1adj", "fresh13adj", "impertinent3adj", "impudent1adj", "impudent2adj", "insolent1adj", "nervy3adj", "overbold1adj", "sassy1adj", "saucy2adj", "smart4adj", "snotty-nosed1adj", "wise4adj" ; :wordnet "brash", "cheeky", "flip", "fresh", "impertinent", "impudent", "insolent", "nervy", "overbold", "sassy", "saucy", "smart", "snotty-nosed", "wise" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Impudent' is a more intense form of 'Rude' that includes disrespect. The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Impudence''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impudent' in Wordnet: 1. (2) impudent, insolent, snotty-nosed, flip - (marked by casual disrespect; 'a flip answer to serious question'; 'the student was kept in for impudent behavior') 2. (1) fresh, impertinent, impudent, overbold, smart, saucy, sassy, wise - (improperly forward or bold; 'don't be fresh with me'; 'impertinent of a child to lecture a grownup'; 'an impudent boy given to insulting strangers'; 'Don't get wise with me!') WN adjective 'brash': 1. (1) brash, cheeky, nervy - (offensively bold; 'a brash newcomer disputed the age-old rules for admission to the club'; 'a nervy thing to say') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Confident, :Rude . :Impure :isTheOppositeOf :Pure ; :wnsense "impure1adj" ; :wordnet "impure" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Impure' is an AttributeValue of PhysicalSubstances Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'impure' in Wordnet: 1. (1) impure - (combined with extraneous elements) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Impurity :wnsense "impurity1n" ; :wordnet "impurity" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An impurity is any undesirable substance that is a constituent of another substance or object, or attached to or otherwise contained in an object. The substance or object without the impurity must have a name of its own - one cannot describe an impurity unless one can say what the pure(r) substance or Object would be. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'impurity' in Wordnet: 1. (9) impurity, dross - (worthless or dangerous material that should be removed; 'there were impurities in the water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceRole, :UndesirableThing . :In-Depth :en "in-depth" ; :enadj "in-depth" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Shallow ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''In-Depth'' characterizes studies or expositions that cover more than just the most evident part of a Topic or issue, looking for details not evident from a brief or casual ('shallow') investigation. RHW adj 'in-depth': 1. extensive, thorough, or profound: an in-depth analysis of the problem. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extensive . :In-House :en "in-house" ; :enadj "in-house" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Outsourcing ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not Wn synset for this concept. RHW 'in-house': within, conducted within, or utilizing an organization's own staff or resources rather than external or nonstaff facilities: in-house research; Was the ad created in-house or by an outside advertising agency? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :In-HouseOperation :en "in-house operation" ; :enn "in-house operation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''In-HouseOperation'' is an 'OrganizationAction' that is performed by an Organization's own ''WorkForce'' and/or within an Organization's own facilities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Operation, :OrganizationAction, :PerformingSomeAction, :PlannedAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkForce ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] ; owl:disjointWith :Outsourcing . :InAnEmotionalManner :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Emotional ; :wnsense "emotionally1adv" ; :wordnet "emotionally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InAnEmotionalManner'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions, expressed linguistically as 'emotionally', that indicates that the manner of performing the action modified gave evidence of a strong ''EmotionalState'' in the actor. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'emotionally' in Wordnet: 1. (2) emotionally - (in an emotional manner; 'at the funeral he spoke emotionally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :InFavor :en "favoring", "favouring", "for", "in favor", "in favor of", "in favour", "in favour of" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Preferring ; :isTheOppositeOf :Opposed ; :wnsense "pro1adj" ; :wordnet "pro" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'InFavor' is an AttributeValue of a Person who prefers one choice over another. In WN only 'pro' seems to represent the attribute of preferring (being in favor) of some choice or alternative. But in phrases such as 'be in favor' it functions as an adjective. Some of those synonyms of adverbial 'in favor' are included here. in WordNet: WN adverb 'in favor': 1. pro, in favor of, in favor, in favour of, in favour - (favoring a proposition, opinion, etc.) WN adjective sense 1 of 'pro': 1. (5) pro - (in favor of (an action or proposal etc.); 'a pro vote') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InFocus :en "in focus" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ImageFocus, :PhysicalImage ; :isTheOppositeOf :Blurry ; :wnsense "focused2adj", "focussed1adj" ; :wordnet "focused", "focussed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'focused' in Wordnet: 2. focused, focussed - (being in focus or brought into focus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distinct . :InHisOwnWrite a :ConceptualWork . :InLaw :wnsense "in-law1n", "relative-in-law1n" ; :wordnet "in-law", "relative-in-law" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InLaw'' is a ''Kinsman'' who is related by marriage to a brother or sister, including half-brothers or half-sisters. ''InLaw''s do not have common parents or grandparents with the reference Person. The children of the marriage of a sibling with an InLaw is not an InLaw, as that Person will be biologically related to the reference Person. NOT: isaBiologicalRelativeOf Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'in-law' in WordNet: 1. in-law, relative-in-law - (a relative by marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kinsman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSiblingOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :InLineSkate :wnsense "in-line skate1n" ; :wordnet "in-line skate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InLineSkate'' is a type of ''Skate' having a single line of rollers rather than two lines with two rollers each as in a traditional ''RollerSkate''. NOTE: WN does not have this as a subtype of ''RollerSkate'', but of ''Skate''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'in-line skate' in WordNet: 1. in-line skate - (a shoe with a line of rollers fixed to the sole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rollerblading ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RollerWheel ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :InMotion :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Motion ; :wnsense "moving1adj" ; :wordnet "moving" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'InMotion' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is the main participant in a Motion Event. NOTE that something that is 'InMotion' must move at *some* time during the TimeInterval referenced, but does not have to be moving at every time point in that interval. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'moving' in WordNet: 1. (9) moving - (in motion; 'a constantly moving crowd'; 'the moving parts of the machine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionAttribute . :InPerson :isAnAttributeValueOf :InitiatingAnOralConversation, :OralConversation ; :isTheOppositeOf :Televised, :Virtual ; :pertainsTo :HumanActivity ; :wnsense "in the flesh1adj", "in-person1adj" ; :wordnet "in the flesh", "in-person" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'in person' in Wordnet: 1. (1) in-person, in the flesh - (an appearance carried out personally in someone else's physical presence; 'he carried out the negotiations in person'; 'a personal appearance is an appearance by a person in the flesh') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :InPersonConversation a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Conversation carried out in oral speech by agents who are within hearing distance of each other, without the assistance of devices to transmit voice.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OralConversation . :InSitu :en "in place", "still in place" ; :wnsense "in-situ1adj", "unmoved2adj" ; :wordnet "in-situ", "unmoved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InSitu'' is the AttributeValue of some ''PhysicalObject'' that is still in its original place,whether in an Organism or in or on the ground,(e.g. mineral deposits or plants) or (for ArtifactObjects that were found by a searcher) wherever it may be found. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'in situ' in Wordnet: 1. in-situ, unmoved - (being in the original position; not having been moved; 'the archeologists could date the vase because it was in-situ'; 'an in-situ investigator') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InSoFar :en "in so far as", "to the degree that" ; :enadv "to the degree that" ; :enn "in so far as" ; :wnsense "in so far1adv", "insofar1adv", "so far2adv", "to that degree1adv", "to that extent1adv" ; :wordnet "in so far", "insofar", "so far", "to that degree", "to that extent" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'insofar' in Wordnet: 1. (3) insofar, in so far, so far, to that extent, to that degree - (to the degree or extent that; \"insofar as it can be ascertained, the horse lung is comparable to that of man\"; \"so far as it is reasonably practical he should practice restraint\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :InUSA20070715 :hasEndingTimePoint :EndPointOf20070715Z-5 ; :hasSpatialRegion :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :hasStartingTimePoint :BeginPointOf20070715Z-5 ; a :TimeAndPlace . :InUSA20081004 :hasEndingTimePoint :EndPointOf20081004Z-5 ; :hasSpatialRegion :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :hasStartingTimePoint :BeginPointOf20081004Z-5 ; a :TimeAndPlace . :InUse :isTheOppositeOf :Unoccupied ; :ldoce "busy" ; :wnsense "busy5adj", "in use1adj", "occupied1adj" ; :wordnet "busy", "in use", "occupied" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """InUse is an attribute of a Device that is not available for use because it is being used already. This includes seats and other spaces provided by artifacts that are occupied. When one gets a 'busy' signal on a telephone line, the phone being called is 'InUse'. For 'occupied meaning that an *agent* is busy with some activity, see ''Busy''. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'busy' and sense 1 of 'in use' in WordNet: WN adj 'busy': 5. busy, engaged, in use - ((of facilities such as telephones or lavatories) unavailable for use by anyone else or indicating unavailability; ('engaged' is a British term for a busy telephone line); 'her line is busy'; 'receptionists' telephones are always engaged'; 'the lavatory is in use'; 'kept getting a busy signal') WN adj 'occupied': 1. (4) occupied - (held or filled or in use; 'she keeps her time well occupied'; 'the wc is occupied') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unavailable . :InUtero :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :BirthEvent ; :pertainsTo :Embryo, :Fetus ; :wnsense "in utero1adj" ; :wordnet "in utero" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InUtero'' is the attribute of an Animal that is in an Embryonic'' or ''Fetal'' stage of development, and has not experienced a ''BirthEvent''. NOTE: the term ''Unborn'' is used in COSMO as a label for animals (especially people) who have not experiened a ''BirthEvent'' but includes those who have not yet been conceived. See ''Unborn''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'in utero' in WordNet: 1. in utero - (in the uterus; 'the child was infected in utero from the mother') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute, :Unborn . :InaLeaningOrientation :ldoce "lean" ; :wnsense "leaning1adj" ; :wordnet "leaning" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a PhysicalObject that normally has an upright (relatively vertical) orientation, but is, when it has this attributeValue, deviating from the vertical. The deviation can be temporary or long-lasting.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'leaning' in WordNet: 1. (1) atilt, canted, leaning, tilted, tipped - (departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal; 'the leaning tower of Pisa'; 'the headstones were tilted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InaSense :wnsense "in a sense1adv", "in a way1adv" ; :wordnet "in a sense", "in a way" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InaSense'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes an assertion or attribute to specify that the assertion or attribute applies to some aspect of the thing characterized. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'in a sense' in Wordnet: 1. (6) in a sense, in a way - (in some respects; 'in a sense, language is like math') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Inability :wnsense "inability1n", "inability2n" ; :wordnet "inability" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Inability' is a Limitation on being able to do something because the Agent does not the internal physical or mental ability to do that Action, even though there is no external restraint applied (for external restraints, see 'Restraint'). There are two parts to a 'Inability' 1. The type of inability, expressed as the thing that is missing : Rule or Condition that causes the constraint; a Restraint is an externally imposed Limitation, as contrasted with an internal Limitation, which can include an internal inability due simply to lack of physical capability for some Action. The Rule can be a LawOfNature - an inability to do something due to a physical impossiblity. This includes, e.g. an inability of individual people to jump more than a certain height. 2. The type of restraint: a law, parental rule, law of nature, or even a moral inhibition. 3. The Action which one is unable to perform. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'inability' in Wordnet: 1. (5) inability - (lack of ability (especially mental ability) to do something) 2. inability, unfitness - (lacking the power to perform) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limitation . :InabilityToWork :en "inability to work", "work disability" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''InabilityToWork'' is a ''Disability'' that makes it difficult or impossible for a Person to hold a job that can provide enough funds to at live at a minimal survival level. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JobSituation ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Inaccessible :isTheOppositeOf :Accessible ; :wnsense "inaccessible1adj" ; :wordnet "inaccessible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Inaccessible'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of Objects and locations that **can not** be 'reached' , either because there is no ''AccessiblePath'' (for locations) or beause there is no means to obtain it (for Objects, physical or abstract). Being clos but 'out of reach' of one individual is not an example Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inaccessible' in WordNet: 1. inaccessible, unaccessible - (capable of being reached only with great difficulty or not at all) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unavailable . :Inaccurate :isTheOppositeOf :Exact ; :wnsense "inaccurate1adj" ; :wordnet "inaccurate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inaccurate'' is the property of some assertion not conforming as closely as possible to the actual state of the world (or context) that is being represented: of images, recordings, and measurements. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inaccurate' in WordNet: 1. (2) inaccurate - (not accurate; 'an inaccurate translation'; 'the thermometer is inaccurate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :NonConforming . :Inaction :en "do nothing", "doing nothing" ; :wnsense "inaction1n", "inactiveness1n", "inactivity1n" ; :wordnet "inaction", "inactiveness", "inactivity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inaction'' is a ''StayingInaState'' (PersistentState) that is an ''Action'' (has some agent performing the ''Inaction'') in which the agent does nothing (usually from some range of possible actions) so that some situation continues for some time as it was at the beginning. This type of ''Action'' may be intentional or unintentional. Also called ''doing nothing'' or 'do nothing' - not to be confused with a 'do-nothing' which is a person who habitually does little or nothing (compared to others). Not the same as 'idleness' - this type represents a deliberate choice where Options are presented.. NOTE: one should specify the possible ''Action''s as an instance of ''Options'' and point to that as what is 'not done'. Scene from ':Lawrence of Arabia': 'We can't just do nothing'. - Lieutenant 'Why not? it's usually best.' - General Allenby Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inaction' in WordNet: 1. (1) inaction, inactivity, inactiveness - (the state of being inactive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :DidNotHappenEvent, :StayingInaState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Options ] ; owl:disjointWith :BecomingEvent . :Inactivating :wnsense "deactivate2n", "inactivate2v" ; :wordnet "deactivate", "inactivate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inactivating'' applies broadly to things that can be ''Active''. in some sense, such as animals, parts of ''Organism''s, abstract policies, ''Device''s (including time bombs), or natural objects (such as volcanoes or geysers). This can cause something to be ''INactive'' permanently or temporarily. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'inactivate' in WordNet: 2. inactivate, deactivate - (make inactive; 'they deactivated the file') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, :WorseningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inactive ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Inactive :disposesToAction :Inaction ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "inactive6adj", "passive1adj" ; :wordnet "inactive", "passive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Passive'' is an attribute in contrast to ''Active'', an attribute that predisposes to ''Inaction'' rather than ''Action''. This is broad and applies to many things that can be 'active' in some sense, such as animals, parts of Organisms, abstract policies, ''Device''s, or natural objects (such as volcanoes or geysers). This can apply to permanent or temporary situations. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'passive' in Wordnet: 1. (5) passive, inactive - (lacking in energy or will; 'Much benevolence of the passive order may be traced to a disinclination to inflict pain upon oneself'- George Meredith) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inaction ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Inactiveness :wnsense "inactiveness2n", "inactivity2n", "inertia1n" ; :wordnet "inactiveness", "inactivity", "inertia" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inactiveness' in WordNet: 2. inactiveness, inactivity, inertia - (a disposition to remain inactive or inert; 'he had to overcome his inertia and get back to work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inactive ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Inactivity :en "do nothing", "doing nothing" ; :wnsense "inactivity3n" ; :wordnet "inactivity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Inactivity'' is an ''Inaction'' performed by some ''Person'' or ''GroupOfPeople''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'inactivity' in WordNet: 3. inactivity - (being inactive; being less active) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Inadequate :isTheOppositeOf :Suitable ; :wnsense "inadequate1adj" ; :wordnet "inadequate" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not meeting requirements (qualitative or quantitative) to accomplish a goal. For quantities to small for requirements, use the subtype ''Insufficient''. This can beussed for quantitative insufficiency if the purpose is vague or general,rather than relative to s specific task. 'inadequate income' Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'inadequate' in Wordnet: 1. (14) inadequate - ((sometimes followed by 'to') not meeting the requirements especially of a task; 'inadequate training'; 'the staff was inadequate'; 'she was inadequate to the job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Inadvertent :hasAdverbialForm :Inadvertently ; :isTheOppositeOf :Intentional ; :wnsense "accidental3adj", "inadvertent1adj" ; :wordnet "accidental", "inadvertent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inadvertent' in Wordnet: 1. accidental, inadvertent - (without intention (especially resulting from heedless action); 'with an inadvertent gesture she swept the vase off the table'; 'accidental poisoning'; 'an accidental shooting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unintended . :Inadvertently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Inadvertent ; :wnsense "inadvertently1adv", "unknowingly1adv", "unwittingly1adv" ; :wordnet "inadvertently", "unknowingly", "unwittingly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inadvertently'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes a ''HumanActivity'' that Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inadvertently' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unwittingly, inadvertently, unknowingly - (without knowledge or intention; 'he unwittingly deleted the references') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unintentionally . :Inadvisable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Suggesting ; :wnsense "inadvisable1adj", "unadvisable1adj" ; :wordnet "inadvisable", "unadvisable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inadvisable'' is the attribute of something that is not the *object (*patient) of a ''Suggesting'' action, and may have been deprecated (the object of a suggestion that it *not* be done). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inadvisable' in WordNet: 1. (1) inadvisable, unadvisable - (not prudent or wise; not recommended; 'running on the ice is inadvisable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Inanimate :isTheOppositeOf :Animate ; :wnsense "dead7adj", "inanimate2adj", "non-living1adj", "nonliving1adj" ; :wordnet "dead", "inanimate", "non-living", "nonliving" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inanimate' in WordNet: 2. inanimate, nonliving, non-living, dead - (not endowed with life; 'the inorganic world is inanimate'; 'inanimate objects'; 'dead stones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InanimateObject-Natural :en "natural inanimate object" ; :enn "natural inanimate object" ; :guid "bea9777b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of natural (i.e. not man-made) objects. It is a subclass of #$InanimateThing-Natural, distinguished from it mainly by only having subclasses which are existing object-types. Thus, #$CelestialObject would be a subclass of this collection, but #$Dirt would not.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateThing-Natural . :InanimateThing :en "inanimate thing" ; :enn "inanimate thing" ; :guid "bd5905ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anything that is ''Inanimate'' (as opposed to ''Animate''). This is true of all Flluids and all inrganic objects and substances. CYC: A subcollection of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$InanimateThing is an (at least partly) tangible thing that is not currently a living structure. Things that were never alive, dead organisms, and dead (or completely non-functioning) organism parts are included in this collection. Examples: #$YaleUniversity, a piece of #$Meat, a dead armadillo, the #$StatueOfLiberty, and a pile of #$Sawdust. Two important specializations of this collection are #$InanimateThing-Natural and #$InanimateThing-NonNatural. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inanimate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :AnimateThing ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:ThingWithAttribute [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inanimate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ) ] . :InanimateThing-Natural :en "natural inanimate thing" ; :guid "bda91555-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc and COSMO this can be a substance. For natural objects (animate or inanimate) in their natural place, see 'NaturalObjectInSitu'. For inorganic substances see 'InorganicMaterial'. Cyc: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$InanimateThing-Natural is an #$InanimateThing that was not created by an #$Agent in a #$PurposefulAction. Thus, the #$MoonOfEarth, human #$Sweat staining a shirt, and most footprints left by people in the snow belong to this collection, but wood chips left around a tree being chopped down, tailings left from a mine, and the #$ArcDeTriomphe do not. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExanimateThing, :InanimateThing . :InanimateThing-NonNatural :en "non-natural inanimate thing" ; :enn "non-natural inanimate thing" ; :guid "c0dc0bf1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of tangible things. An instance of #$InanimateThing-NonNatural is a tangible which was created during a #$PurposefulAction by an #$Agent (or a group of #$Agents working together) whether or not that creation was intended. If the creation was intended the thing created is an instance of the more specific collection, #$Artifact. Let's consider some positive and negative examples. In addition to the obvious human #$Artifacts (buildings, tools, textiles, power lines), this collection includes #$Artifacts made by #$NonPersonAnimals, such as bird nests, termite mounds, and beaver dams. By-products (see #$byProducts) of #$PurposefulActions, such as wood chips created when chopping down a tree and slag created when obtaining metal from #$MineralOre, are instances of #$InanimateThing-NonNatural but not of #$Artifact. For more details on what is included in the concept #$Artifact, examine its comment. Negative examples include bodily excretions (see #$ExcretionSubstance), most instances of tracks made while walking through mud or snow (both being instances of #$InanimateThing-Natural, and spoken words (being intangible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateThing, :NonNaturalThing . :Inattention :en "not paying attention" ; :enn "not paying attention" ; :wnsense "inattention1n" ; :wordnet "inattention" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inattention' in WordNet: 1. inattention - (lack of attention) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :BasicCognitiveProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingAttention ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Inattentive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Attentive ; :wnsense "distracted2adj", "distrait1adj", "inattentive1adj", "inattentive2adj", "neglectful1adj" ; :wordnet "distracted", "distrait", "inattentive", "neglectful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'inattentive' in Wordnet: 1. inattentive - (showing a lack of attention or care; 'inattentive students'; 'an inattentive babysitter') 2. inattentive, neglectful - (not showing due care or attention; 'inattentive students'; 'an inattentive babysitter'; 'neglectful parents') WN adj 'distracted': 2. distracted, distrait - (having the attention diverted especially because of anxiety) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awake . :Inaudible :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :Hearing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Audible ; :wnsense "inaudible1adj", "unhearable1adj" ; :wordnet "inaudible", "unhearable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inaudible'' is the attribute of something, that cannot be heard by a Person. This attribute can be temporary, as when some sound is so far away so as to be too faint to hear, or it can be an inherant attribute, as of sounds above the audible range (''Ultrasound''). These two types of inaudibility should be distinguished with subtypes. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inaudible' in Wordnet: 1. (2) inaudible, unhearable - (impossible to hear; imperceptible by the ear; 'an inaudible conversation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imperceptible . :Inauguration :en "inaugurate" ; :env "inaugurate" ; :guid "bd58ab95-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "inaugural2n", "inauguration2n", "install2v" ; :wordnet "inaugural", "inauguration", "install" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The subcollection of #$InitiationCeremony in which an official in some organization is formally inducted into office. RHW 'inaugurate': 2. to induct into office with formal ceremonies; install. No WN sense of 'inaugurate' fits this concept. NOTE: parent ''VestingWithAuthority'' might be viewed as a subEvent. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inauguration' in WordNet: 2. inauguration, inaugural - (the ceremonial induction into a position; 'the new president obviously enjoyed his inauguration') WN verb 'install': 2. (1) install - (put into an office or a position; 'the new president was installed immediately after the election') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InitiationCeremony, :VestingWithAuthority . :Inauspicious :isMoreIntenseThan :Unhelpful ; :isTheOppositeOf :Beneficial, :Harmless ; :ldoce "harmful" ; :wnsense "adverse1adj", "disadvantageous1adj", "harmful4adj", "harmful5adj", "inauspicious2adj", "unfavorableadj", "unfavourable1adj", "untoward3adj" ; :wordnet "adverse", "disadvantageous", "harmful", "inauspicious", "unfavorable", "unfavourable", "untoward" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inauspicious'' is an AttributeValue of Events or Objects that appear to be a sign of bad things to come, or present impediments to achieving a desired state or goal. Includes senses 4 and 6 of 'harmful' in WordNet: 4. disadvantageous, harmful - (constituting a disadvantage) 5. adverse, harmful, inauspicious, untoward - (contrary to your interests or welfare; 'adverse circumstances'; 'made a place for themselves under the most untoward conditions') WN adj 'unfavorable': 1. (2) unfavorable, unfavourable - (not encouraging or approving or pleasing; 'unfavorable conditions'; 'an unfavorable comparison'; 'unfavorable comments', 'unfavorable impression') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :Harmful, :Salient, :Unhelpful . :Incalculable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :Computing ; :wnsense "incalculable1adj" ; :wordnet "incalculable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incalculable'' is the AttributeValue of something that cannot be calculated or computed. NOTE: the sense of 'incalculable' meaning 'extremely large' is represented as ''Countless''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incalculable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) incalculable - (not capable of being computed or enumerated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tough . :Incandescence :wnsense "glow3n", "incandescence1n" ; :wordnet "glow", "incandescence" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incandescence''is a ''ShiningLight' Event in which the the light is caused by the emission from a hot body due to its high temperature, as with metal objects or molten steel.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incandescence' in WordNet: 1. incandescence, glow - (the phenomenon of light emission by a body as its temperature is raised) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShiningLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GlowingHotObject ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :Incandescent :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :GlowingHotObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Incandescence ; :wnsense "candent1adj", "incandescent1adj" ; :wordnet "candent", "incandescent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incandescent'' is theattribute of something ''Glowing'' due to being hot. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incandescent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) incandescent, candent - (emitting light as a result of being heated; 'an incandescent bulb') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Glowing, :Hot . :Incapacitated :guid "3fe2c556-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "helpless1adj", "helpless3adj", "incapacitated1adj" ; :wordnet "helpless", "incapacitated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Incapacitated'' is being so severely ''Disabled'' that one is unable to function at all or without asistance. CYC: Severely injured to the point of losing most capabilities. Note: 'helpless with laughter' is metaphorical and not the literal meaning. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incapacitated' in Wordnet: 1. helpless, incapacitated - (lacking in or deprived of strength or power; 'lying ill and helpless'; 'helpless with laughter') WN adj 'helpless': 3. (1) helpless - (unable to manage independently; 'as helpless as a baby') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disabled . :Incautious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Caution ; :isTheOppositeOf :Cautious ; :wnsense "incautious1adj" ; :wordnet "incautious" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incautious' in Wordnet: 1. incautious - (lacking in caution; 'an incautious remark'; 'incautious talk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unwise . :Incendiary :isTheOppositeOf :Noncombustible ; :wnsense "incendiary3adj" ; :wordnet "incendiary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Incendiary'' is highly flammable. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'incendiary' in Wordnet: 3. incendiary - (capable of catching fire spontaneously or causing fires or burning readily; 'an incendiary agent'; 'incendiary bombs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flammable . :Incense :wnsense "incense1n" ; :wordnet "incense" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of 'Gum' that produces a plesant fragrance when its dried powdered form is burned. RHW sense 1: an aromatic gum or other substance producing a sweet odor when burned, used in religious ceremonies, to enhance a mood, etc. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'incense' in WordNet, but restricted to incense derived from a 'Gum': in WordNet: 1. (1) incense - (a substance that produces a fragrant odor when burned) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gum, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BurningIncense ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Incentive :wnsense "incentive1n", "inducement1n", "motivator1n" ; :wordnet "incentive", "inducement", "motivator" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an ''Incentive'' is a ''RationaleForAction'' (a ''Motive'') that refers to a ''FutureSituation'' that is a ''GoodThing'' (something ''Desirable'') thereby motivating an Action that will bring about the referenced FutureSituation. For a negative incentive see ''Disincentive''. An ''Incentive''may be offered by another agent as an inducement to perform some specific actions or (in business) to advance some business goal by any means. Business 'incentives' (e.g. stock options) would be subtypes. The 'IncentivizingPromisedAction' is a 'GoalSituation' Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'incentive' in WordNet: 1. (5) incentive, inducement, motivator - (a positive motivational influence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :RationaleForAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :GoalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :IncentivizingPromisedAction ] . :IncentivizingPromise :en "incentivizing promise" ; a :MentalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IncentivizingPromise'' is a ''Promise'' (a ''LinguisticAssertion'') to perform some desirable (or undesirable) Action contingent on performance of some Actions by the Agent to whom the promise is made. Such a Promise is made with the intention of creating a ''RationaleForAction'' (a Motive for another agent to perform (or refrain from) some Action). NOTE that a ''Directive'' (among other things) can create such a Promise. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Promise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :IncentivizingPromisedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :RationaleForAction ] . :IncentivizingPromisedAction a :ActionType, :FutureSituationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''IncentivizingPromisedAction'' is a ''FutureSituation'' that can create an Incentive or Disincentive for an agent to perform some Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PromisedAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incentive ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ] . :Incest :guid "c0a3d49c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "incest1n" ; :wordnet "incest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Acts of #$SexualCopulation between persons who are closely related by blood. The legal definition includes persons who are so closely related that they are forbidden to marry. Many instances of #$Incest are also instances of #$Rape. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incest' in WordNet: 1. incest - (sexual intercourse between persons too closely related to marry (as between a parent and a child)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanSexualIntercourse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoCloseRelatives ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :Inch :wnsense "in1n", "inch1n" ; :wordnet "in", "inch" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """English length unit equal to 1 inch. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inch' in WordNet: 1. (57) inch, in - (a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :InchMercury :en "inch of mercury" ; :enn "inch of mercury" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """InchMercury is a UnitOfMeasure for barometricPressure. It is used to express the number of inches of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer by the surrounding air pressure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PressureMeasure . :IncidenceRate :en "incidence rate" ; :wnsense "incidence1n", "relative incidence1n" ; :wordnet "incidence", "relative incidence" ; a :MeasureType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IncidenceRate'' is a measure of the number of Events of a particular time that occur within some time interval. NOTE that 'incidence' also has themeaning of one occurrece, so the term 'incidence rate' has the same meaning as this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incidence' in WordNet: 1. (5) incidence, relative incidence - (the relative frequency of occurrence of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RateMeasure . :Incinerating :wnsense "burn7v", "incinerate2v" ; :wordnet "burn", "incinerate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incinerating'' is a ''CausingaChemicalChange'' that causes a ''ChemicalDecomposition'' produced by intense heat, producing residual non volatile and incombustible material. If the thing incinerated is organic, 'ashes' are a typical product. Includes but is broader than verb sense 2 of 'incinerate'; this can be used for causing any kind of chemical change, not just combustion - in WordNet: 2. burn, incinerate - (cause to undergo combustion; 'burn garbage'; 'The car burns only Diesel oil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaChemicalChange, :Combustion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalDecomposition ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Incising :eng "incising" ; :wnsense "incise1v" ; :wordnet "incise" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incising'' is an Action cutting partway into the surface of a SolidObject. This includes cutting into the Skin of an animal for medical treatent, and cutting into a block of Wood to make a woodcarving, and making a ''Notch'' in some solid object,usually Wooden.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incise' in WordNet: 1. (1) incise - (make an incision into by carving or cutting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, :PiercingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incision ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Incision :wnsense "incision1n", "slit3n" ; :wordnet "incision", "slit" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Incision'' is a ''DepressionOnObject'' that is small, long,and narrow, and smooth-edged on the two sides, and produced by a ''CuttingEvent'' similar to a 'SurgicalIncision'' Event. An ''Incision'' differs from a ''Cut'' in penetrating thrugh the skin to the tissue beneath the skin,making an ''Opening'' through the skin to the inside. Corresponds to only part of noun sense 1 of 'incision' (no scratch or dent) in WordNet: 1. incision, scratch, prick, slit, dent - (a depression scratched or carved into a surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cut, :DepressionOnObject, :LineOnaSurface, :Opening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Incisive :ldoce "keen" ; :wnsense "acute3adj", "discriminate1adj", "discriminating2adj", "discriminating3adj", "incisive1adj", "keen1adj", "penetrating1adj", "penetrative1adj", "piercing1adj", "sharp3adj" ; :wordnet "acute", "discriminate", "discriminating", "incisive", "keen", "penetrating", "penetrative", "piercing", "sharp" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incisive'' is the attribute of a person or of a person's mind (intellect), where that person is better than average at recognizing distinctions and relations among things, and is able to describe these distinctions to others. This may be an aggregate attribute, but is not yet (v755) dissected into components. NOTE: the attribute of *using* fine distinctions in making choices is represented by ''Discriminating''. Also, 'keen intellect' This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'keen',senses 2 and 3 of 'discriminating', sense 1 of 'penetrating' and sense 1 of 'incisive' in Wordnet: WN 'keen' (adj) 1. (3) acute, discriminating, incisive, keen, knifelike, penetrating, penetrative, piercing, sharp - (having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions; 'an acute observer of politics and politicians'; 'incisive comments'; 'icy knifelike reasoning'; 'as sharp and incisive as the stroke of a fang'; 'penetrating insight'; 'frequent penetrative observations') WN 'discriminating' (adj): 2. discriminate, discriminating - (marked by the ability to see or make fine distinctions; 'discriminate judgments'; 'discriminate people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intelligent, :Knowledgeable . :Incitive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Anger ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :MotivatingAnAgentToAct ; :wnsense "incendiary2adj", "incitive1adj", "inflammatory1adj", "instigative1adj", "rabble-rousing1adj", "seditious1adj" ; :wordnet "incendiary", "incitive", "inflammatory", "instigative", "rabble-rousing", "seditious" ; a :CausativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incitive' in Wordnet: 1. incendiary, incitive, inflammatory, instigative, rabble-rousing, seditious - (arousing to action or rebellion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmful . :Incline :wnsense "incline2n" ; :wordnet "incline" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Incline is the surface of a flat or almost flat artifact physical object (which may be part of another PhysicalObject) that is oriented on a slope (nether vertical nor horizontal) with respect to the Earth's surface (gravity). It may be supported only at both ends, or the surface layer on a sloping path firmly attached to the ground. This type includes slopes on geographical surfaces as a subtype, and includes slopes that do not point in only one horizontal direction - mountains and hills are subtypes of this type, so the surface of a cone would be an 'Incline'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'incline' in WordNet; this type is not necessarily an artifact. in WordNet: 2. (1) ramp, incline - - (an inclined surface connecting two levels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surface-Physical . :Inclined :wnsense "inclined2adj" ; :wordnet "inclined" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Inclined' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that have at least one long dimension that is oriented neither Horizontal nor Vertical with respect to the Earth's surface. The degree of inclination can vary, and only needs to be perceptible for whatever purpose is intended. NOTE the 'disjopint' relations should be 'disjointAttribute' @ToDo: create disjointAttribute relation (for FOL version) Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inclined' in WordNet: 2. inclined - (at an angle to the horizontal or vertical position; 'an inclined plane') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue ; owl:disjointWith :Horizontal, :Vertical . :Included :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate ; :wnsense "included1adj" ; :wordnet "included" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Included'' is an attribute of anything that came to be part of an aggregate in a ''IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate\"'' action. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'included' in Wordnet: 1. included - (enclosed in the same envelope or package; 'the included check') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :IncludingSomething :wnsense "include1v", "include2v" ; :wordnet "include" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IncludingSomething'' is a ''PersistentEvent'' that is an ''Action'' performed by something Object or Event, physical or Abstract) that can be viewed as 'including' or 'containing' something else. This concept is very broad, and is usually expressed linguistically by some 'contain' relation or (for Events) by 'hasSubEvent' or for Groups ''hasComponentElement''). Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'include' in WordNet: 1. (613) include - (have as a part, be made up out of; 'The list includes the names of many famous writers') 2. (47) include - (consider as part of something; 'I include you in the list of culprits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomething . :IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate :en "including" ; :ldoce "include" ; :wnsense "include3v", "inclusion4n" ; :wordnet "include", "inclusion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action involving adding something (abstract or concrete) to an aggregate of things. This is very general, and could involve abstract things (adding an item to a list, elements to a category) or concrete, such as Including a PhysicalObject in a Group of objects in a container. In the latter case, it may also be an instance of PuttingSomethingSomewhere, but not all instances of PuttingSomethingSomewhere create an aggregate, so that type is not a subtype of this one.. The Action of putting the first instance of something into an empty list or container is also an instance of this type, provided that the purpose is to add others to create an aggregate of more than one thing. The intention of an instance of this Action is to create a PluralThing, i.e. some aggregate with more than one object in it. This can also be used for the mental Action of arranging some entity in a mental grooup of entities: this would corespond to WN sense 2 of 'include'. NOTE, however, that this is an Action by an Agent, and the Thing included must be an Object - so that one cannot 'include' an Event in some series of Events, or an Attribute in some collection of Attributes. For describing sets of Events or Attributes, one may use 'hasPart' or 'hasComponentElement' This corresponds to sense 2 of 'include' in RHW: 2. to place in an aggregate, class, category, or the like. Ccrresponds to verb sense 3 of 'include' in WordNet: 3. (30) include - (add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category; 'We must include this chemical element in the group') WN noun 'inclusion': 4. inclusion - (the act of including) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :GroupType :SubstanceType :PluralThing :Group :Mixture ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Included ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Inclusive :wnsense "inclusive1adj" ; :wordnet "inclusive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inclusive'' is an attribute of some Group of things of a particular type that includes all or most of the values that that type can have. An 'inclusive list of the attendess' has all of the things that should be on that list - all of the persons who attended. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inclusive' in WordNet: 1. (2) inclusive - (including much or everything; and especially including stated limits; 'an inclusive art form'; 'an inclusive fee'; 'his concept of history is modern and inclusive'; 'from Monday to Friday inclusive') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Incoherent :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :PropositionGroup ; :wnsense "incoherent1adj" ; :wordnet "incoherent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incoherent'' is a subtype of ''Inconsistent''that applies to ''PropositionGroup's in which some of the assertions contradict some one or combination of the others. Includes part of adjective sense 1 of 'incoherent' applying to logical consistency, *not* fluency or perspicuity of expression) in WordNet: 1. (1) incoherent - (without logical or meaningful connection; 'a turgid incoherent presentation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inconsistent, :Irrational . :Income :ldoce "income" ; :wnsense "income1n" ; :wordnet "income" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Income' is the total of PaymentAmounts that are received in some particular time interval by some ''LegalAgent'' (for a Person use subtype ''Wage''), that are not offset by losses - this is the net income of a Person or business enterprise; it is the amount available for ''Expenditure''s. Its units are MoneyObject per TimeInterval. This can be a quantity for only one time interval (income in 2007) or, can represent a regular and recurring payment. Income can come from sources other than wages, so it is not a subtype of Wage. Because this is the net income, 'Wage' is not a subtype but a part of net Income. For income of a Business use ''Revenue''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'income' in WordNet: 1. (45) income - (the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PeriodicPayment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PaymentAmount ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ReceivingMoney ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ReceivingMoney ; owl:onProperty :wasReceivedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :LegalAgent ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ] . :Incoming :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ArrivingAtAPlace ; :wnsense "incoming1adj" ; :wordnet "incoming" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incoming' in Wordnet: 1. (1) incoming - (arriving at a place or position; 'incoming class'; 'incoming mail'; 'the incoming president') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Incompatible :isAnAttributeValueOf :Color, :GroupOfPeople ; :isTheOppositeOf :Compatible ; :wnsense "incompatible1adj" ; :wordnet "incompatible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incompatible' in Wordnet: 1. (2) incompatible - (not compatible; 'incompatible personalities'; 'incompatible colors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Incompetent :en "useless" ; :enadj "useless" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Competent ; :wnsense "incapable5adj", "incompetent4adj", "unequal to1adj" ; :wordnet "incapable", "incompetent", "unequal to" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of people who are unable to perform some function. This depends on the context of the **specific function** that someone wants to perform, and is not an attribute describing a general lack of ability for multiple functions. Corresponds to adjective senses 4 of 'incompetent', applicable only to people: in WordNet: WN 'incompetent': 4. incapable, incompetent, unequal to - (not meeting requirements; 'unequal to the demands put upon him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worthless . :IncompetentlyPerformed :ldoce "stupid" ; :modifies :HumanActivity ; :wnsense "stupid1adj" ; :wordnet "stupid" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'IncompetentlyPerformed' is the attribute of human actions that are ineffective or less effective that they should be or do unnecessary harm, apparently because of some lack of intelligence or expertise or care on the part of the person: doing the act. This is one common sense labeled by the term 'stupid' 'your stupid attempt to help caused more harm than good'. The term 'stupid' in 'stupid attempt' will usually have this meaning. This is an EvaluativeAttribute because it is always attributed to actions by some person who has evaluated that action (the evaluator may be the person who performed the action). This sense is close to sense 2 in RHW: 'characterized by or proceeding from mental dullness; foolish; senseless: a stupid question.' There appears to be no single WordNet sense covering only this sense of 'stupid', though it may be part of sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (10) stupid - (lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Incomplete :isTheOppositeOf :Complete, :Whole ; :wnsense "incomplete1adj", "incomplete2adj", "partial1adj", "unfinished1adj", "unfinished2adj" ; :wordnet "incomplete", "partial", "unfinished" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Incomplete' is an attribute of an object or set of objects (but not an Event) that has some its normal parts missing; this includes ConceptualWorks like books whose creation is not yet fnished. A set of things that needs assembly is still 'Complete' if all the parts are on hand to be assembled, but a Device that is usually in functioning order and has some part missing so that it cannot function would be Incomplete. If all parts are present, but some are nonfunctional, the Device is still Complete. A set of objects for which some normal components are missing is 'Incomplete'. For Events that have not reached their end point, use 'StillInProgress' Includes parts of adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'incomplete' and part of senses 1 and 2 of 'unfinished' and adj sense 1 of 'partial' in WordNet; however, the sense of 'unsuccessful' as in 'incomplete forward pass' is not included in WordNet: WN 'incomplete': 1. (9) incomplete, uncomplete - (not complete or total; not completed; 'an incomplete account of his life'; 'political consequences of incomplete military success'; 'an incomplete forward pass') 2. incomplete, uncompleted - (not yet finished; 'his thesis is still incomplete'; 'an uncompleted play') WN 'unfinished': 1. unfinished - (not brought to the desired final state) 2. unfinished - (not brought to an end or conclusion; 'unfinished business'; 'the building is still unfinished') WN adjective 'partial': 1. (9) partial - (being or affecting only a part; not total; 'a partial description of the suspect'; 'partial collapse'; 'a partial eclipse'; 'a partial monopoly'; 'partial immunity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Incomprehensibility :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Incomprehensible ; :wnsense "incomprehensibility1n" ; :wordnet "incomprehensibility" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incomprehensibility' in WordNet: 1. incomprehensibility - (the quality of being incomprehensible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unclearness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incomprehensible ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Incomprehensible :isAnAttributeValueOf :Speaking ; :wnsense "meaningless1adj", "nonmeaningful1adj" ; :wordnet "meaningless", "nonmeaningful" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for assertions or speaking that seem to be linguistic but have no logically consistent meaning. The sense of 'Incomprehensible' meaning 'difficult to understand' is represented by ''DifficultToUnderstand''. WN does not have a sense of 'incoherent' that fits this type: RHW 'incoherent': 1. without logical or meaningful connection; disjointed; rambling: an incoherent sentence. Corresponds to *part* of sense 1 of 'meaningless' in Wordnet: 1. (4) meaningless, nonmeaningful - (having no meaning or direction or purpose; 'a meaningless endeavor'; 'a meaningless life'; 'a verbose but meaningless explanation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Incoherent . :Inconsiderate :isTheOppositeOf :Considerate ; :wnsense "inconsiderate1n" ; :wordnet "inconsiderate" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inconsiderate'' is the quality of an Action in which a Person causes inconvenience to another person.in order to atend to hi/her own wishes, without thought or concern for the needs of others. oneself. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inconsiderate' in WordNet: 1. inconsiderate - (lacking regard for the rights or feelings of others; 'shockingly inconsiderate behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selfish . :Inconsistency :wnsense "incompatibility1n", "inconsistency1n", "mutual exclusiveness1n", "repugnance2n" ; :wordnet "incompatibility", "inconsistency", "mutual exclusiveness", "repugnance" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inconsistency'' is a ''Quality'' (''PersistentState') of two or more Assertions that are directly or indirectly 'Inconsistent'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inconsistency' in WordNet: 1. incompatibility, mutual exclusiveness, inconsistency, repugnance - (the relation between propositions that cannot both be true at the same time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inconsistent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Inconsistent :isAnAttributeValueOf :Contradiction, :PropositionGroup, :PropositionPair ; :wnsense "inconsistent1adj" ; :wordnet "inconsistent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Inconsistent'' means logically inconsistent, and ''LogicallyContradictory'' (see that subtype = a quantitive measure of probability) It can be applied to two assertions to specify that they contradict each other. The subtype 'Incoherent'' is an AttributeValue of a set of assertions or propositions (e.g. a theory) in which some of the assertions contradict some one or combination of the others. For the notion of 'inconsistent' meaning that some type of behavior is not predictably constant, use ''Unpredictable'' or its subtype ''Fluky''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inconsistent' in WordNet: 1. (1) inconsistent - (displaying a lack of consistency; 'inconsistent statements cannot both be true at the same time'; 'inconsistent with the roadmap') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpposedInMeaning . :Inconspicuous :isTheOppositeOf :Conspicuous ; :wnsense "inconspicuous1adj" ; :wordnet "inconspicuous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Inconspicuous'' is an Object present and 'Visible', but not salient and easily overlooked in a casual glance. . It does *not* stand out from the background. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'inconspicuous' in Wordnet (invisible is not a synonym, but a separate entry): in WordNet: 1. inconspicuous, invisible - (not prominent or readily noticeable; 'he pushed the string through an inconspicuous hole'; 'the invisible man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Visible . :Inconvenience :wnsense "incommodiousness1n", "inconvenience1n" ; :wordnet "incommodiousness", "inconvenience" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inconvenience' in WordNet: 1. (1) inconvenience, incommodiousness - (an inconvenient discomfort) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discomfort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inconvenient ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convenience ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Inconvenient :isTheOppositeOf :Convenient ; :wnsense "inconvenient1adj", "inconvenient2adj" ; :wordnet "inconvenient" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not convenient. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'inconvenient' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inconvenient - (not suited to your comfort, purpose or needs; 'it is inconvenient not to have a telephone in the kitchen'; 'the back hall is an inconvenient place for the telephone') 2. inconvenient - (not conveniently timed; 'an early departure is inconvenient for us') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Incorporating :en "integrating" ; :wnsense "incorporate1v", "integrate1v" ; :wordnet "incorporate", "integrate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incorporating'' is an Action in which an Agent adds in some entity (Object or Substance or Information) to an existing Object or substance. This is for the transitive action of 'incorporating' - adding something into something else. For the intranstive sense meaning 'X incorporates Y in its composition' see relations 'contains' , 'hasComponentElement', 'hasComponentSubstance'. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'incorporate' in WordNet: 1. (6) integrate, incorporate - (make into a whole or make part of a whole; 'She incorporated his suggestions into her proposal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combining . :Incorporation-Physical :en "incorparating something into an object" ; :enn "incorparating something into an object" ; :guid "bec69a63-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which an object or chunk of stuff comes to include, or acquire, or be joined to another object or chunk of stuff. If the additional object can be properly said to be a part of the entity into which it is incorporated, it is probably more appropriate to use #$AttachmentEvent or one of its specs. But incorporation is more general: for instance, an egg can be incorporated into a chunk of pizza dough, or a teaspoon of cream into a cup of coffee. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Incorporating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :Incorrectly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :KnownToBeFalse ; :isTheOppositeOf :Correctly ; :wnsense "falsely2adv", "incorrectly1adv", "incorrectly2adv", "wrong1adv", "wrongly2adv" ; :wordnet "falsely", "incorrectly", "wrong", "wrongly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incorrectly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that it was not performed correctly, as it should have been to acomplish its intended purpose. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'incorrectly' in Wordnet: 1. falsely, incorrectly - (in an incorrect manner; 'to credit Lister with the first formulation of the basic principle of stratigraphy would be to bestow credit falsely') 2. incorrectly, wrongly, wrong - (in an incorrect manner; 'she guessed wrong') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Increase :ldoce "gain" ; :wnsense "gain1n", "increase1n", "increase4n", "increment2n" ; :wordnet "gain", "increase", "increment" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Increase' is a 'Change' (subtype of 'Difference', an OrderedPair) in some Quantity, or some QuantitativeAttribute of a single Object, at some time compared to the same attribute at an earlier time. This is an AttributeValue. For the Event that produces this increase (difference in values), use 'IncreaseEvent' To express the amount by which some quantity has increased, one may take the mathematical difference of the 'after' and 'before' values in this 'increase'; this resulting difference is represented by 'NumericalIncrease'. Corresponds to sense 1 of noun 'increase' and sense 1 of 'gain' in WordNet: 1. (53) addition, increase, gain - (a quantity that is added; 'there was an addition to property taxes this year'; 'they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks') 4. (3) increase, increment - (the amount by which something increases; 'they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Change, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncreaseEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :IncreaseEvent :eng "growing", "increasing", "rising" ; :guid "befa5200-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "increase", "raise", "rise" ; :wnsense "increase1v", "increase2n", "raise1v", "rise10n", "rise1n", "rise2v", "rise5n", "rise9n" ; :wordnet "increase", "raise", "rise" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Events the focal characteristic of which is a increase in some quantity. This is a Event; the actual difference in values caused by an IncreaseEvent is an attributeValue called 'Increase' (which see). NOTE: both transitive and intransitive sense are included here @ToDo the transitive and intransitive senses should be dissected. The subtype ''CausingAnIncrease'' is the transitive sense of verb 'increase' sense 2. Others? The thing increased is related by the ''causesIncreaseIn'' and The amount of increase can be specified as an instance of ''Increase'', a subtype of ''Difference'' related by the ''causedChange'' relation. The restriction requires specifying the 'Increase', which is a 'Change' which is represented by an OrderedPair of values in some Attribute; the Change is itself an Attribute. NOTE that what is increased can be of various types, so the relation ''causesIncreaseIn'' only has 'owl:#Thing' as its Object. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 (intransitive and transitive), and noun sense 2 of 'increase' and verb sense 1 of 'raise' and part of verb sense 2 of 'rise' and verb sense 2 of 'grow' noun senses 1, 5, 9, and 10 of 'rise' in WordNet: WN verb 'increase' 1. (107) increase - (become bigger or greater in amount; 'The amount of work increased') WN noun 'increase' 2. (25) increase - (a change resulting in an increase; 'the increase is scheduled for next month') WN 'raise' 1. (40) raise - (raise the level or amount of something; 'raise my salary'; 'raise the price of bread') WN verb 'rise': 2. (23) rise, go up, climb - (increase in value or to a higher point; 'prices climbed steeply'; 'the value of our house rose sharply last year') WN noun 'rise': 1. (9) rise - (a growth in strength or number or importance) 5. (1) raise, rise, wage hike, hike, wage increase, salary increase - (the amount a salary is increased; 'he got a 3% raise'; 'he got a wage hike') 9. rise, boost, hike, cost increase - - (an increase in cost; 'they asked for a 10% rise in rates') 10. advance, rise - - (increase in price or value; 'the news caused a general advance on the stock market') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Increase :IncreaseType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DecreaseEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTheReverseEffectOf ] . :IncreaseInaQuantity :wnsense "growth3n", "increase3n", "increment1n" ; :wordnet "growth", "increase", "increment" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'IncreaseInaQuantity' is an Event' in which some quantitative value increases. This is passive, the value itself is the agent, in contrast to ''RaisingaValue'' which is transitive. This is for observations of quantitative thins increasing : 'prices rose 5% this year'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'increase' in WordNet: 3. (14) increase, increment, growth - (a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; 'the increase in unemployment'; 'the growth of population') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :IncreaseEvent . :IncreaseType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of 'increase' as one of their arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DifferenceType, :QuantitativeAttributeType . :Increased :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :IncreaseEvent ; :wnsense "increased1adj" ; :wordnet "increased" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Increased'' is the attribute of something that experienced an ''IncreaseEvent'' - not necessarily measurable in quantities. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'increased' in Wordnet: 1. (32) increased - (made greater in size or amount or degree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changed . :Increasing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :IncreaseEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Decreasing ; :wnsense "increasing1adj" ; :wordnet "increasing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of AttributeValues or Quantities .whose magnitude is becoming higher. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'increasing' in Wordnet: 1. (14) increasing - (becoming greater or larger; 'increasing prices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rising . :IncreasingIntensity :en "increasing intensity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IncreasingIntensity'' is a ''ChangingIntensity'' in which the intensity of some measurable magnitude is increased. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingIntensity, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intensity ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :IncreasingaWage :en "increasing a wage", "raising a wage" ; :wnsense "hike3n", "raise1n", "salary increase1n", "wage hike1n", "wage increase1n" ; :wordnet "hike", "raise", "salary increase", "wage hike", "wage increase" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''IncreasingaWage'' is an Event in which the ''Wage'' (pay, salary) of some Person or GroupOfPeople is increased. The WN gloss uses this as a 'quantity' that is the inrease, whereas this type represents the ''Event in which a ''Wage'' is increased. The terms used are similar. NOTE: for the actual quantitative change (represented as a ''Difference'' between before and after values) use ''WageIncrease'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wage hike' in WordNet: 1. raise, rise, wage hike, hike, wage increase, salary increase - (the amount a salary is increased; 'he got a 3% raise'; 'he got a wage hike') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseInaQuantity, :RaisingaValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Wage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :WageIncrease ] . :Incredible :en "not believable" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Amazing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType :BelievingSomething ; :wnsense "incredible1adj", "unbelievable1adj" ; :wordnet "incredible", "unbelievable" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incredible'' is a subtype of ''Amazing'' that produces feeling of or near disbelief at how unusual it is, or contradictory to common sense; this is also used to express doubt as to the veracity of an assertion; whether the feeling is doubt or amazement depends on the circumstances and the tone of the way the word is used. 'the incredible Hulk' = amazement 'incredible conspiracy theories' = doubt This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing ( + Surprising + Incredible) Astounding Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incredible' in WordNet: 1. (10) incredible, unbelievable - (beyond belief or understanding; 'at incredible speed'; 'the book's plot is simply incredible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amazing . :Incredibly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Incredible ; :wnsense "improbably1adv", "incredibly1adv", "unbelievably1adv" ; :wordnet "improbably", "incredibly", "unbelievably" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incredibly'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses the notion that the adjective assertion it modifies is so unusual or intense that it seems to be ''Incredible''. This is often used as an intensifier for adjectives. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'incredibly' in WordNet: 1. (5) incredibly, improbably, implausibly, unbelievably - (not easy to believe; 'behind you the coastal hills plunge to the incredibly blue sea backed by the Turkish mountains') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Incredulous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Disbelief ; :wnsense "incredulous1adj", "sceptical1adj" ; :wordnet "incredulous", "sceptical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incredulous'' is an attribute of a Person who is experiencing ''Doubt'' (= a Feeling) about the truth of an Asertion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incredulous' in WordNet: 1. incredulous - (not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skeptical . :Incremental :wnsense "incremental1adj" ; :wordnet "incremental" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incremental'' is an attribute of Events in which some 'increase' in some atribute occurs in stages separated by intervals in which no increase is occurring. This characreizes stepwise increases - a stepwise decrease would be characterized by a different attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incremental' in Wordnet: 1. incremental - (increasing gradually by regular degrees or additions; 'lecturers enjoy...steady incremental growth in salary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Increasing, :Stepwise . :Incumbent :wnsense "incumbent1n", "officeholder2n" ; :wordnet "incumbent", "officeholder" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Incumbent'' is an ''OfficerInOrganization'' who *currently* holds that position. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incumbent' in WordNet: 1. incumbent, officeholder - (the official who holds an office) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficerInOrganization . :IncumbentOn :en "incumbent on" ; :enadj "incumbent on" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Obligation, :ObligedAction ; :wnsense "incumbent2adj" ; :wordnet "incumbent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IncumbentOn'' is the attribute of an ''ObligedAction'', but linguistically the term following the phrase 'incumbent on' is the Person who has an obligation, with the full phrase 'incumbent on X' serving as an attribute modifying the Action that is obliged - which can come before or after the phrase. e.g. an alternative to the phrase in the gloss could be 'paying their own debts is incumbent on them' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'incumbent' in Wordnet: 2. incumbent - (necessary (for someone) as a duty or responsibility; morally binding; 'it is incumbent on them to pay their own debts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obligatory . :Incurable :isAnAttributeValueOf :AilmentCondition ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :CuringEvent ; :wnsense "incurable1adj" ; :wordnet "incurable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incurable'' is an AttributeValue of an ''AilmentCondition'' that cannot be cured by treatment, or of a Person suffering from such a condition. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incurable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) incurable - (incapable of being cured; 'an incurable disease'; 'an incurable addiction to smoking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sick . :Incurious :isTheOppositeOf :Curious ; :wnsense "incurious1adj" ; :wordnet "incurious" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'incurious' in Wordnet: 1. incurious - (showing absence of intellectual inquisitiveness or natural curiosity; 'strangely incurious about the cause of the political upheaval surrounding them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :IncurringAnInjury :en "get injured", "hurt oneself", "incur an injury", "injure oneself" ; :guid "bd58c658-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "injure1v", "injury4n" ; :wordnet "injure", "injury" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This represents both causing and suffering an injury. The transtive and intransitive senses should be distinguished. NOTE that 'killing' is not a subtype. @ToDo: Needs more detail. NOTE that the tranitive \"Injuring\" is for causing a Physical Injury. This may be used for transitive subtypes that inflict psychological damage. (e.g. ''Traumatizing''). CYC A collection of events. An instance of #$IncurringAnInjury is an event in which an animal becomes injured. In such events, the animal which is hurt is the #$bodilyActedOn in the event. The condition which results of an instance of #$IncurringAnInjury would be an instance of #$InjuryCondition (q.v.). Also see the comment on #$AilmentCondition. This is the in transitive sense of verb 'injure' (getting injured, injuring oneself): the transitive sense is sense 1 - only obliquely applicable to this Event see: Transitive sense in WordNet is ''Injuring'': 1. (12) injure, wound - (cause injuries or bodily harm to) Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'injury' in WordNet: 4. injury - (an act that injures someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :IncurringPhysicalDamage, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :InjuryCondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Injured ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :IncurringDamage :guid "579398f2-5fd3-41d7-998e-957de1174732" ; :ldoce "damage", "harm" ; :wnsense "damage1v", "damage3n", "harm1v" ; :wordnet "damage", "harm" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type can be used both intransitively and transitively for interpretations of'to damage'. Specifically transitive uses that reference an Agent doing the damage should be instances of the subtype 'DamagingEvent'.: COSMO note: this includes psychological or financial damage. See the subtype 'HarmingAnAgent'. Cyc: A specialization of #$Event-Localized. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some sort of damage is incurred to an instance of #$SomethingExisting. Damage may be understood in functional terms as injury to organisms or impairment of usefulness or value of things owned or used in any way by them. (Note that for this reason not all instances of #$PhysicalDestructionEvent are instances of #$IncurringDamage). Examples include denting a car, the breaking of someone's leg, the defacing of a website and slander which negatively impacts someone's reputation. For cases where the thing damaged is a material thing (i.e. an instance of #$PartiallyTangible), or an agent, see the more specialized constants #$IncurringPhysicalDamage and #$HarmingAnAgent respectively. Corresponds to verb sense 1 (only verb sense) of 'damage' and sense 1 of 'harm' noun sense 3 of 'damage' in Wordnet: WN 'damage' (verb) 1. (12) damage - (inflict damage upon; 'The snow damaged the roof'; 'She damaged the car when she hit the tree') WN 'damage' (noun) 3. (1) damage, harm, hurt, scathe - (the act of damaging something or someone) WN 'harm' (verb) 1. (4) harm - (cause or do harm to; 'These pills won't harm your system') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :WorseningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImprovementEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ] . :IncurringPhysicalDamage :eng "damaging", "harming" ; :guid "bd58a555-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "damage", "harm" ; :wnsense "damage1v", "damage3n", "harm1v" ; :wordnet "damage", "harm" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent and #$IncurringDamage. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some sort of physical damage is incurred to an organism or material object. Notable specializations include #$IncurringBodilyHarm, #$IncurringEquipmentDamage and #$DegenerationEvent. For cases where the damage incurred is so extensive that the thing is destroyed, see the more specialized #$PhysicalDestructionEvent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and n9un sense 3 of 'damage' in WordNet: WN verb 'damage'1. (12) damage - (inflict damage upon; 'The snow damaged the roof'; 'She damaged the car when she hit the tree') WN noun 'damage': 3. (1) damage, harm, hurt, scathe - (the act of damaging something or someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncurringDamage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :IncurringaDebt :en "incurring a debt" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IncurringaDebt'' is an ''AcceptingSomething'' in which the thing accepted is a ''ValuableThing'' such as a Service or an Object (Right, RhysicalObject, Loan of Monay) that was transfered by some agent on the condition that the value of the Thing given would be repayed according to some agreed method and timetable. This is also an ''Acceptance'' of an offer, and is an ''ObligationCreatingEvent'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acceptance, :ObligationCreatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Right :ValuableThing :ServiceEvent :EventType :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Debt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Indebtedness ] . :IncurringaFee :en "incurring a fee" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IncurringaFee'' is an ''AcceptingSomething'' in which the thing accepted is a service, Privilege, or right that was offered by some agent on the condition that a ''Fee'' would be charged for that service, Privilege, or right. This is also an ''Acceptance'' of an offer, and is an ''ObligationCreatingEvent'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acceptance, :ObligationCreatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Right :ServiceEvent :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObligationToPayaFee ] . :Incus :guid "bee63fa4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anvil1n", "incus1n" ; :wordnet "anvil", "incus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incus' in WordNet: 1. incus, anvil - (the ossicle between the malleus and the stapes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AuditoryOssicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malleus ; owl:onProperty :touchesDirectly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stapes ; owl:onProperty :touchesDirectly ] . :Indebted :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving :Debt ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Indebtedness ; :wnsense "indebted1adj" ; :wordnet "indebted" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indebted'' is the attribute of a Person who has a ''Debt'' of any kind. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indebted' in Wordnet: 1. indebted - (under a legal obligation to someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obligated . :Indebtedness :wnsense "financial obligation1n", "indebtedness1n", "liability2n" ; :wordnet "financial obligation", "indebtedness", "liability" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Indebtedness'' is a PersistentState caused by the act of ''IncurringaDebt''. The *subject* or agent of this kind of assertion will be some ''IntentionalAgent'', usually one Person, possibly a GroupOfPeople, or an ''Organization''. NOTE:this is not a ''Debt'' or ''Obligation''' as suggested by the WN gloss, it is the *state* of someone *having* a Debt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indebtedness' in WordNet: 1. indebtedness, liability, financial obligation - (an obligation to pay money to another party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Debtor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Debt ; owl:onProperty :subjectOfStateHas ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncurringaDebt ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfIntentionalAgents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indebted ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Indecision :wnsense "indecision1n", "indecisiveness1n", "irresolution1n" ; :wordnet "indecision", "indecisiveness", "irresolution" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indecision'' is a subtype of ''Uncertainty'' in which a ''IntentionalAgent'' faced with a ''Choosing'' situation has no conviction about which of two or more alternatives (of any kind, sometimes about which course of action to take) is true or appropriate or best. This is the Feeling when a Person has *no* level of convictions , positive or negative, about which of the alternatives is better than the others. NOTe: When a Person *doubts* one or more of the alternatives, that Person has a Feeling of ''Doubt', which is a subtype. An even stronger level of ''Doubt'' is ''Disbelief''. This ''Feeling'' can cause ''Hesitation'' (vacillation, wavering). in WordNet: 1. (2) indecision, indecisiveness, irresolution - (doubt concerning two or more possible alternatives or courses of action; 'his indecision was only momentary but the opportunity was lost') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uncertainty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :Hesitating ] . :Indecisive :wnsense "indecisive1adj" ; :wordnet "indecisive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indecisive' in Wordnet: 1. indecisive - (characterized by lack of decision and firmness; 'an indecisive manager brought the enterprise to a standstill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Indefinite :wnsense "indefinite1adj" ; :wordnet "indefinite" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indefinite'' as a term is itself vague, having elements of ''Unspecified'' and 'undefined' and 'vague'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indefinite' in Wordnet: 1. (8) indefinite - (vague or not clearly defined or stated; 'must you be so indefinite?'; 'amorphous blots of color having vague and indefinite edges'; 'he would not answer so indefinite a proposal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :IndefiniteQuantity :wnsense "indefinite quantity1n" ; :wordnet "indefinite quantity" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indefinite quantity' in WordNet: 1. indefinite quantity - (an estimated quantity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :Quantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indefinite ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Indefinitely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Indefinite ; :wnsense "indefinitely1adv" ; :wordnet "indefinitely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indefinitey'' is an adverb typically modifying some quantitative property such as time, but including other attributes, e.g. 'indefinitely large', 'indefinitely small'.. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'indefinitely' in Wordnet: 1. (4) indefinitely - (to an indefinite extent; for an indefinite time; 'this could go on indefinitely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Indelible :isAnAttributeValueOf :Mark ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :ErasingaVisibleMark ; :wnsense "indelible1adj", "unerasable1adj" ; :wordnet "indelible", "unerasable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indelible'' is the attribute of a ''Mark'' that cannot be removed or erased,or of an Ink that makes such marks. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indelible' in Wordnet: 1. (1) indelible, unerasable - (cannot be removed, washed away or erased; 'an indelible stain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Indentation :wnsense "indentation1n", "indenture1n" ; :wordnet "indentation", "indenture" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indentation' in WordNet: 1. (1) indentation, indenture - (a concave cut into a surface or edge (as in a coastline)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concavity . :Independence :wnsense "independence1n", "independency1n" ; :wordnet "independence", "independency" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Independence'' is a ''Freedom'' from some degree of external control. For the political independence of a country use ''Liberty''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'independence' in WordNet: 1. (22) independence, independency - (freedom from control or influence of another or others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Freedom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Independent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ControllingAnAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFreedomFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom :ControlOverOthers ] . :Independent :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Independence ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dependent ; :wnsense "independent1adj" ; :wordnet "independent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Independent'' is an Attribute of People or Groups who do not depend on other people for their right or ability to do things = . Includes adjective sense 1 and part of sense 3 (not directly including the subtype meaning 'sovereign' for countries) of 'independent' in WordNet: 1. (26) independent - (free from external control and constraint; 'an independent mind'; 'a series of independent judgments'; 'fiercely independent individualism'; 'an independent republic') 3. (2) autonomous, independent, self-governing, sovereign - ((of political bodies) not controlled by outside forces; 'an autonomous judiciary'; 'a sovereign state') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotDependent . :Independently :en "by herself", "by himself", "by oneself", "without assistance" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Independent ; :wnsense "alone2adv", "independently1adv", "solo1adv", "unaccompanied1adv" ; :wordnet "alone", "independently", "solo", "unaccompanied" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Independently'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the Action was performed by some Agent alone without the help or assistance of other Agents. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'independently' andpart of sense in WordNet: 1. (6) independently - (on your own; without outside help; 'the children worked on the project independently') WN adverb 'alone': 2. (28) alone, solo, unaccompanied - (without anybody else; 'the child stayed home alone'; 'he flew solo') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Indestructible :en "long-lasting" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Delicate ; :wnsense "durable3adj", "indestructible2adj", "perdurable1adj", "undestroyable1adj" ; :wordnet "durable", "indestructible", "perdurable", "undestroyable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tough'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is not easily broken, nor worn down, nor easily pulled apart. This is Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'indestructible' in WordNet: WN adj 'durable' (part only): 2. durable, indestructible, perdurable, undestroyable - (very long lasting; 'less durable rocks were gradually worn away to form valleys'; 'the perdurable granite of the ancient Appalachian spine of the continent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tough . :Index :wnsense "index4n" ; :wordnet "index" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Index'' is an alphabetical listing of things mentioned in a Document, along with the location (usually a page number) where that thing is mentioned Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'index' in WordNet: 4. index - (an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopicList ; owl:onProperty :containsSymbolicObject ] . :IndexFinger :guid "bd58d067-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Hand ; :wnsense "forefinger1n", "index finger1n", "index5n" ; :wordnet "forefinger", "index", "index finger" ; a :FingerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''IndexFinger'' is the finger adjacent to the Thumb, often used to point to things. CYC: The second #$Finger on the human hand, closest to the thumb. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'index finger' in WordNet: 5. index, index finger, forefinger - (the finger next to the thumb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Finger . :IndexNumberString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An IndexNumberString is an AbstractString which has a number in it, often together with some other characters, and is used as an index for one of multiple items in an indexed list. The list can be in-line, or formatted in a column. The strings '(1)' and '(2)' in the following are IndexNumberStrings: (1) first item; (2) second item.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString . :IndexOfLeadingIdicators :en "index of leading ieconomic ndicators", "index of leading indicators" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Definition: The index of leading economic indicators (LEI) is intended to predict future economic activity. Typically, three consecutive monthly LEI changes in the same direction suggest a turning point in the economy The Composite Index of Leading Indicators, otherwise known as the Leading Economic Index (LEI), is an index published monthly by the Conference Board used to predict the direction of global economic movements in the months to come. It is made up of 10 economic components, whose changes tend to precede changes in the overall economy. The Conference Board, founded in 1916, is an independent research association that provides its member organizations with economic and financial information. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicIndicator . :IndexedInformationSource :en "indexed information source" ; :enn "indexed information source" ; :guid "c03febed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all structured information sources in which the information contained therein is indexed by some set of index terms (the terms could be names, phrases, #$CharacterStrings, #$IDNumbers or codes). For every index term, there is one specific part of the #$IndexedInformationSource associated with that term. Each instance of #$IndexedInformationSource has some format or organizing structure of specified parts or 'chunks' imposed on the information. (Although its indexed parts might be be ordered in a certain sequence, in theory it could be indexed without there being any particular sequential ordering of the parts.) An instance of #$IndexedInformationSource is the abstract informational content of the source, not any particular physical object in which the information is stored. Examples include a #$Dictionary, #$Thesaurus, #$Database-AbstractContent, or a #$KnowledgeBase. Some examples that do not qualify are #$Painting-ArtForm, or a #$CharacterString without any structuring information about it or that has no structure beyond being a string of characters. Thus this is not referring to unstructured text, even if it has an 'Index'. The fact that a book has an index does not make it an #$IndexedInformationSource. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuredInformationSource . :India :wnsense "India1n" ; :wordnet "India" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'India' (capitalized) in WordNet: 1. (5) India, Republic of India, Bharat - (a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947) """ . :IndiaArea a :CountryRegion . :IndianClub :en "Indian club", "Indian-club" ; :wnsense "Indian club1n" ; :wordnet "Indian club" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Club'' sort of like a bowling pin, used for exercising. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Indian club' in Wordnet: 1. Indian club - (a bottle-shaped club used in exercises) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Club, :HandSizedObject, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExercisingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bottle ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :IndianLodge :wnsense "indian lodge1n", "lodge5n" ; :wordnet "indian lodge", "lodge" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the parent for all types of collapsible dwellings used for residence by ''AmericanIndian''s. This may be modified to be used as a parent type for collapsible dwellings used by other nomadic peoples, by modifyig the ''isaHabitatOf'' restriction, when representing those becomes necessary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indian lodge' in WordNet: 1. lodge, indian lodge - (any of various native American dwellings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lodging, :PlaceOfResidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmericanIndian ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :IndianOceanPerson :guid "bd5891e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """collective term applied to inhabitants of a few islands scattered thruout the Indian Ocean""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity . :IndianPerson :wnsense "Indian2n" ; :wordnet "Indian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Indian' in WordNet: 2. Indian - (a native or inhabitant of India) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :India ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :IndianRupee :wnsense "Indian rupee1n", "rupee6n" ; :wordnet "Indian rupee", "rupee" ; a :Rupee ; rdfs:comment """A currency measure used in India. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Indian rupee' in WordNet: 1. Indian rupee, rupee - (the basic unit of money in India; equal to 100 paise) """ . :Indicating :en "indicating", "point to" ; :env "point to" ; :wnsense "bespeak1v", "betoken1v", "indicate1v", "point5v", "signal2v", "suggest2v" ; :wordnet "bespeak", "betoken", "indicate", "point", "signal", "suggest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indicating'' is an ''InformationTransferEvent'' in which Information that 'indicates' (suggests or implies) something (i.e. evidence) - usually some state - from a PhysicalObject, animate or inanimate, motionless or moving - and received by an ''IntentionalAgent'' through the senses. This is not necessarily performed by an Animal, it can be by an inanimate object or Event that suggests the existince something else. When something *strongly* indicates some fact or state, then that Event is represented by the more specific subtype ''Implying'' This a broad sense of 'indicate' including 'suggest' and 'imply' The technical logical sense of 'imply' is in the subtype 'LogicalImplication'. Includes verb sense 1 of 'indicate', sense 2 of 'suggest' and sense 3 of 'imply' in WordNet: 1. (70) bespeak, betoken, indicate, point, signal - (be a signal for or a symptom of; 'These symptoms indicate a serious illness'; 'Her behavior points to a severe neurosis'; 'The economic indicators signal that the euro is undervalued') WN verb 'suggest': 2. (21) suggest, intimate - (imply as a possibility; 'The evidence suggests a need for more clarification') WN verb 'imply': 3. (1) entail, imply, mean - (have as a logical consequence; 'The water shortage means that we have to stop taking long showers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationTransferEvent, :Suggesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :signifies ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Indication :wnsense "indication1n", "indication3n", "indication5n" ; :wordnet "indication" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Indication'' is anything (an observation, a PhysicalObject, an argument from a knowledgeable expert) that tends to prove or disprove an Assertion; since it is something that provides knowledge of something other than itself, it is a Sign. This is a heterogeneous category. that is not yet clearly distinguished from the parent type ''Evidence''. Includes noun senses 1, 3, and 5 of 'indication' in WordNet: 1. (15) indication, indicant - (something that serves to indicate or suggest; 'an indication of foul play'; 'indications of strain'; 'symptoms are the prime indicants of disease') 3. indication - ((medicine) a reason to prescribe a drug or perform a procedure; 'the presence of bacterial infection was an indication for the use of antibiotics') 5. reading, meter reading, indication - (a datum about some physical state that is presented to a user by a meter or similar instrument; 'he could not believe the meter reading'; 'the barometer gave clear indications of an approaching storm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence . :Indicative :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Indicating, :Suggesting ; :wnsense "indicative2adj", "indicatory1adj", "revelatory1adj", "significative2adj", "suggestive1adj" ; :wordnet "indicative", "indicatory", "revelatory", "significative", "suggestive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indicative'' is a more intense degree of ''Suggestive'' for any fact that strongly suggests or indicates that some other fact is true.. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'indicative' in Wordnet: 2. indicative, indicatory, revelatory, significative, suggestive - ((usually followed by 'of') pointing out or revealing clearly; 'actions indicative of fear') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suggestive . :Indicator :wnsense "indicator2n" ; :wordnet "indicator" ; a :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Indicator'' is a ''Signal'' that 'indicates' something. The difference between this and a 'signal' is not clear. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'indicator' in WordNet: 2. (2) indicator - (a signal for attracting attention) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Signal . :IndicatorDevice :wnsense "indicator3n" ; :wordnet "indicator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Indicator'' is a ''Device'' that 'indicates' something by emitting an ''Indicator'' signal. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'indicator' in WordNet: 3. (2) indicator - (a device for showing the operating condition of some system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :emits ; owl:someValuesFrom :SignalType ] . :IndicatorSubstance :wnsense "indicator4n" ; :wordnet "indicator" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IndicatorSubstance'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that 'indicates' the presence of some other substance, usually by turning color. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'indicator' in WordNet: 4. indicator - ((chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :Indicting :eng "indicting" ; :wnsense "indict1v" ; :wordnet "indict" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'indict' in WordNet: 1. (2) indict - (accuse formally of a crime) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accusing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RuleBased ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BillOfIndictment ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Indictment :en "indictment" ; :enn "indictment" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Indictment'' is a ''LegalAllegation'' that is an ''Accusation'' against a LegalAgent that that agent has committed a Crime. This is typically created by a 'Prosecutor'' in some form of ''DepartmentOfJustice''. The details would have to be specified for specific departments having specific procedures. This is the *abstract* 'LinguisticAssertion'': for the paper document memorializing an ''Indictment'' use ''BillOfIndictment''. RHW: 2. Law. a formal accusation initiating a criminal case, presented by a grand jury and usually required for felonies and other serious crimes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAllegation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DepartmentOfJustice ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BillOfIndictment ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :Indifference :wnsense "apathy1n", "apathy2n", "indifference3n" ; :wordnet "apathy", "indifference" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indifference'' is state and Feeling in which a Person lacks ''Concern'' for one or more other people, or toward any situation. This is a ''DirectedFeeling'', so it is not a lack of interest in things generally, so WN 'numbness, spiritlessness' are not included. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'indifference' and non senses 1 and 2 of 'apathy' in WordNet: 3. (1) apathy, indifference, numbness, spiritlessness - (the trait of lacking enthusiasm for or interest in things generally) WN noun 'apathy': 1. apathy - (an absence of emotion or enthusiasm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :Unconcern, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uninvolved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Indifferent :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Indifference ; :wnsense "apathetic2adj", "indifferent1adj" ; :wordnet "apathetic", "indifferent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indifferent'' is an AttributValue of a Person who is more than ''Casual'' about other people or situations, to the point where the Person with this attribute pays little attention and is not inclined to do anything to help or hurt those person(s) or situations. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of'indifferent' in WordNet: 1. (4) apathetic, indifferent - (marked by a lack of interest; 'an apathetic audience'; 'the universe is neither hostile nor friendly; it is simply indifferent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Casual . :Indigene :wnsense "native1n" ; :wordnet "native" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Indigene'' is a ''Native'' Person who continues to reside in the ancient land of her/his ancestors, and continues to some extent to practice the ancient customs. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'native' (excluding those who have moved away from a palce or whose ancestry does not trace to ancent inhabitants of a place) in WordNet: 1. (3) native, indigen, indigene - (a person who was born in a particular place; an indigenous person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Native . :Indigenous :isTheOppositeOf :Alienish ; :pertainsTo :Indigene ; :wnsense "endemic3adj", "indigenous1adj" ; :wordnet "endemic", "indigenous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indigenous'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to an ''Indigene'' Person or to any activity or specific location or artifacts associated with that person or any group of such people; includes the attribute of being something remaining in the place where it originated, not just for people. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indigenous' in WordNet: 1. autochthonal, autochthonic, autochthonous, endemic, indigenous - (originating where it is found; 'the autochthonal fauna of Australia includes the kangaroo'; 'autochthonous rocks and people and folktales'; 'endemic folkways'; 'the Ainu are indigenous to the northernmost islands of Japan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Indignant :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Indignation ; :wnsense "incensed1adj", "indignant1adj", "outraged1adj", "umbrageous2adj" ; :wordnet "incensed", "indignant", "outraged", "umbrageous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing Indignation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indignant' in Wordnet: 1. (2) indignant, incensed, outraged, umbrageous - (angered at something unjust or wrong; 'an indignant denial'; 'incensed at the judges' unfairness'; 'a look of outraged disbelief'; 'umbrageous at the loss of their territory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resentful . :Indignation :wnsense "indignation1n", "outrage1n" ; :wordnet "indignation", "outrage" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indignation''is a strong Feeling of ''Resentment'' caused by belief that something done by another Person causing some harm to oneself is unjustified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indignation' in WordNet: 1. (8) indignation, outrage - (a feeling of righteous anger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resentment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indignant ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :IndigoColor :guid "8a8c5974-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "indigo1adj" ; :wordnet "indigo" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indigo' in Wordnet: 1. indigo - (having a color between blue and violet; \"indigo flowers\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :Indirect :isTheOppositeOf :Direct ; :wnsense "indirect1adj", "indirect2adj", "indirect3adj", "indirect4adj", "indirect5adj" ; :wordnet "indirect" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Indirect' is an attribute of a path or of a Procedure which involves more than the minimum number of intermediate steps. The opposite, 'Direct', describes a path or procedure that has only the minimum number of steps. This is the most general sense, and includes all 5 of the senses in WordNet: 1. (8) indirect - (having intervening factors or persons or influences; 'reflection from the ceiling provided a soft indirect light'; 'indirect evidence'; 'an indirect cause') 2. (2) indirect - (not direct in spatial dimension; not leading by a straight line or course to a destination; 'sometimes taking an indirect path saves time'; 'you must take an indirect course in sailing') 3. collateral, indirect - (descended from a common ancestor but through different lines; 'cousins are collateral relatives'; 'an indirect descendant of the Stuarts') 4. indirect - (extended senses; not direct in manner or language or behavior or action; 'making indirect but legitimate inquiries'; 'an indirect insult'; 'doubtless they had some indirect purpose in mind'; 'though his methods are indirect they are not dishonest'; 'known as a shady indirect fellow') 5. indirect - (not as a direct effect or consequence; 'indirect benefits'; 'an indirect advantage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :IndirectFireWeapon :en "indirect fire weapon" ; :enn "indirect fire weapon" ; :guid "c0675acc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Weapons which launch #$ProjectileWeapons in a high-angle trajectory as opposed to the flat trajectory of a #$DirectFireWeapon. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weapon . :IndirectObjectOfaSentence :guid "c0fe02b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A word or phrase that serves as the indirect object of a particular sentence. This is used for ditransitive verbs, such as 'give'. In the sentence 'Jack gave the book to Jill' the Object is the book, and the indirect object is Jill. This is a grammatical Role..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CaseRole, :NounPhrase . :Indirectly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Indirect ; :wnsense "indirectly1adv" ; :wordnet "indirectly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indirectly'' is an adverb that can modify an Action or a past participle, indicating that the referenced Action was not done 'directly' or in a 'direct' manner. This can be for communications as well as travel events. Includes but is broader than adverb sense 1 of 'indirectly' in WordNet: 1. (7) indirectly - (not in a forthright manner; \"he answered very indirectly\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Indiscipline :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Undisciplined ; :wnsense "indiscipline1n", "undiscipline1n" ; :wordnet "indiscipline", "undiscipline" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indiscipline' in WordNet: 1. indiscipline, undiscipline - (the trait of lacking discipline) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :Indiscreet :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Discreetness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Discreet ; :wnsense "indiscreet1adj" ; :wordnet "indiscreet" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indiscreet' in Wordnet: 1. indiscreet - (lacking discretion; injudicious; 'her behavior was indiscreet at the very best') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unwise . :Indiscriminate :isTheOppositeOf :Discriminating ; :wnsense "indiscriminate1adj" ; :wordnet "indiscriminate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indiscriminate'' is the attribute of an ''IntentionalAgent'' who fails to use careful criteria to distinguish better from worse choices. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indiscriminate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) indiscriminate - (failing to make or recognize distinctions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Indistinct :wnsense "indistinct1adj" ; :wordnet "indistinct" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Indistinct' is an AttributeValue of things that are difficult to perceive or understand. @ToDo: adjectives meaning 'easily done' or 'difficult to do' might be aggregated in a hierarchy, with each attribute pointing to the action that is easy or difficult. Needs analysis. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indistinct' in Wordnet: 1. (1) indistinct - (not clearly defined or easy to perceive or understand; 'indistinct shapes in the gloom'; 'an indistinct memory'; 'only indistinct notions of what to do') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Indium :guid "bd58f0a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "49"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "In2n", "indium1n" ; :wordnet "In", "indium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of indium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indium' in WordNet: 1. indium, In, atomic number 49 - (a rare soft silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Individual :en "thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Individual' is a Cyc concept used to distinguish abstract sets and collections (classes) from things that are individuals. Interestingly, groups of things can be individuals - if they are defined as distinct from sets (see 'Group'). About the only type in COSMO that could not be considered as a subtype of this type is 'SetMathematical'; but maost types are not listed as subtypes of 'Individual', though they could be - just to avoid confusing the ontology with mostly useless relations. Any instance that is considered as a 'unit' by the knowledge engineer can be made an instance of this type, which is not disjoint with anything other than 'SetMathematical' This class may be superfluous, but in COSMO is a convenient catch-all for some aggregate Types that would merely serve to clutter the top level and obscure the structure of the ontology if exposed at the top level directly under 'Thing'. Conversely, Some of the subtypes of the Cyc 'individual' have also been subclassed directly to 'owl:Thing' to expose those common concepts at the highest level, to make the structure of the ontology easier to see. NOTE that some of the concepts mentioned in the Cyc documentation differ significantly in COSMO from related concepts in Cyc. But the Cyc documentation is given here to describe how the similar Cyc notion of Group is described in that ontology. From OpenCyc: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 #$Individual is the collection of all individuals: things that are _not_ sets or collections. Individuals might be concrete or abstract, and include (among other things) physical objects, events, numbers, relations, and groups. An instance of #$Individual might have parts or structure (including discontinuous parts); but _no_ individual has elements or subsets (see #$elementOf and #$subsetOf). Thus, an individual that has parts (e.g. #$physicalParts or #$groupMembers) is _not_ the same thing as either the set or the collection containing those same parts. For example, your car is an individual, but the collection of all the parts of your car is not an individual but an instance of #$Collection. This collection (unlike the car itself) is abstract: it doesn't have a location, mass, or a top speed; but it does have instances, subcollections, and supercollections. In partial contrast, the #$Group (q.v.) of parts of your car (while also not the same thing as the car itself) _is_ an individual that has location and mass. Another example: A given company, the group consisting of all the company's employees, the collection of those employees, and the set of those employees are four distinct things, and only the first two are individuals. There are no WordNet senses for this vague concept. The best fit is 'thing', which would be appropriate for the top Protege concept, but that is not explicitly included in an ontology. """ . :IndividualAgent :guid "bd58a562-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ExistingObjectType and a specialization of #$Agent-Generic. Each instance of #$IndividualAgent is an instance of #$Agent-Generic that is not itself a group composed of other instances of #$Agent-Generic. Notable specializations of #$IndividualAgent include #$Person and #$Animal. Note that #$Organization is not a specialization of #$IndividualAgent, since instances of #$Organization are groups composed of other instances of #$Agent-Generic.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent . :IndividualPerson a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IndividualPerson'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' having only one Person in it. This type is used to allow relations specifying that only one person (at a time) will satisfy the restriction. ***NOYE**** in 1577SV this is inconsistent in Pellet???. rev1579 changed 'hasValue' to 'someValuesFrom - not inconsistent before save. After?? At 1579SV the individual entry 'IndividualPerson' was checked and found consistent in Prot 3.5/Pellet. try owl:cardinality? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :IndividualScore a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''IndividualScore'' is an Integer that expresses the score for each contestant at any point in a contest. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Integer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntegerValue ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:int ] . :IndividualSkillSport :guid "bd58c03d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IndividualSkillSport'' is a ''SportsEvent'' in which a single contestant demonstrates his/her level of skill in some type of sport (racing, swimming, archery, weight-lifting, ice skating) which is scored by the result (timing, accuracy, maximum weight lifted, aesthetic appeal). In competitions, The scores of individual contestants in the same type of ''IndividualSkillSport'' are compared to determine a winner. NOTE: this is narrower than the CYC 'IndividualSportsCompetition', which includes all non-team sports events: CYC: Sports competitions where the competitors are individual agents, not teams This type of ''Sportsevent'' are the individual events in a ''MultipleSkillEvent'' such as a 'triathlon' or 'decathlon'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsEvent . :IndividualSportsCompetition :en "individual sport" ; :guid "bd58c03d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sports competitions where the competitors are individual agents, not teams. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsEvent . :IndividualVocabulary :wnsense "vocabulary2n" ; :wordnet "vocabulary" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'IndividualVocabulary' is a Group of at least two 'Designators' that are used in some Language, and known by some individual user. This is usually a subset of the full 'Vocabulary' of a Language. NOTE that 'IndividualVocabulary' is a subtype of 'Knowledge' therefore it contains some propositions. In this case, the propositions are the representational links between the individual Designators of the IndividualVocabulary and the specific things they designate. This type corresponds to sense 2 of 'vocabulary' in Wordnet: 2. (3) vocabulary, lexicon, mental lexicon - (a language user's knowledge of words) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledge, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Designator ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Vocabulary ] . :Individualism :wnsense "individualism2n" ; :wordnet "individualism" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'individualism' in WordNet: 2. (1) individualism - (a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Individuality ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Individualist ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ] . :Individualist :wnsense "individualist1n" ; :wordnet "individualist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'individualist' in WordNet: 1. (3) individualist - (a person who pursues independent thought or action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Individualistic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Individuality ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Individualism ; owl:onProperty :believes ] . :Individualistic :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Individuality ; :wnsense "individualist1adj", "individualistic1adj" ; :wordnet "individualist", "individualistic" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'individualistic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) individualist, individualistic - (marked by or expressing individuality; 'an individualistic way of dressing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelfConfident . :Individuality :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Impudent ; :wnsense "individualism1n", "individuality1n", "individuation1n" ; :wordnet "individualism", "individuality", "individuation" ; a :ActionType, :PersonalityTraitType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Individuality''is a degree of ''SelfConfidence'' that inclines a Person to rely on her/his own judgment and feelings rather than defer to the judgments of others when making a decision whether about important mattters or minor personal preferences. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'individuality' in WordNet: 1. (1) individuality, individualism, individuation - (the quality of being individual; 'so absorbed by the movement that she lost all sense of individuality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :PersonalityTrait, :SelfConfidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Individualistic ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Indivisible :guid "bd58a5b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :IndivisibleThing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType :DividingSomethingIntoParts ; :wnsense "indivisible1adj" ; :wordnet "indivisible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Indivisible'' is the generic attribute of things that literally cannot be divided into parts - as in the CYC example of a mathematical 'point' - but also includes more metaphorically things that are hard to divide, or shouldn't be divided, or have a strong tendency to stay together. These nuances may be represented by subtypes when such precision is needed. CYC: The collection of discrete entities without distinguishable parts, portions, entries, subsets, elements,... A couple examples are: the #$False truth-value; any single #$MathematicalPoint. See ''IndivisibleThing'' and its restrictions for additional logical relations. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indivisible' in Wordnet: 1. indivisible - (impossible of undergoing division; 'an indivisible union of states'; 'one nation indivisible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :IndivisibleThing :en "indivisible thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''IndivisibleThing'' is something that cannot be dividied into parts, i.e. cannot be the agent in a ''ComingApart'' Acion.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indivisible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComingApart ; owl:onProperty :isUnableToServeAsAgentInActionType ] . :Indonesia :wnsense "Indonesia1n" ; :wordnet "Indonesia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Indonesia' (capitalized) in WordNet: 1. (1) Indonesia, Republic of Indonesia, Dutch East Indies - (a republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than 13,000 islands; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945; the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions) """ . :Indonesian :pertainsTo :Indonesia ; :wnsense "Indonesian1adj" ; :wordnet "Indonesian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Indonesian' in Wordnet: 1. Indonesian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Indonesia or its people or languages) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Indoor :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt :IndoorLocation ; :isTheOppositeOf :Outdoor ; :ldoce "indoor" ; :wnsense "indoor1adj" ; :wordnet "indoor" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Indoor' is an AttributeValue of Regions, Objects, or Events that occur at an 'Indoors' (an indoor location). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'indoor' in WordNet: 1. (2) indoor - (located, suited for, or taking place within a building; 'indoor activities for a rainy day'; 'an indoor pool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :IndoorLocation :ldoce "indoors", "inside" ; :wnsense "indoors1adv", "inside1adv" ; :wordnet "indoors", "inside" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Region inside of a HumanOccupationConstruct that is protected from weather. This type will be used as the referent for the adverb 'Indoors', though this type is itself a noun. 'Indoors' will be the equivalent of the adverbial phrase 'at an IndoorLocation'. This location can be treated as a 'PhysicalSpaceRegion' or as a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'indoors' in WordNet: 1. (1) inside, indoors - (within a building; 'in winter we play inside') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InsideLocation, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSpaceRegion :PhysicalObject ) ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanOccupationConstruct ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indoor ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :OutdoorLocation . :IndoorShoppingMall :guid "4a1add0e-bb1f-41d8-9136-9b9f994b1339" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ShoppingMallBuilding. Each instance of #$IndoorShoppingMall is a mall with some exterior entrances to either its halways or to some of its retail space, but with most entrances to retail space from the hallways of the building.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShoppingMall, :ShoppingMallBuilding . :IndulgingaDesire :en "indulging oneself", "pampering oneself" ; :eng "indulging" ; :wnsense "gratify2v", "indulge1v", "indulge2v", "indulgence3n", "indulging1n", "pampering1n", "pander1v" ; :wordnet "gratify", "indulge", "indulgence", "indulging", "pampering", "pander" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IndulgingaDesire'' is a form of ''SatisfyingaDesire'' in which the ''Desire'' satisfied is that of the person performing the Action and is for something unnecessary in the sense of being beyond what is necessary (is ''Unnecessary'') or normal to satisfy such a desire or goal or need. Whereas ''SatisfyingaDesire'' causes ''Satisfaction'', ''IndulgingaDesire'' causes ''Pleasure'', a more intense and more Pleasant form of ''Satisfaction''. For the Action in which one Person causes another to have the same sense of satisfaction (the transitive sense) use ''Pampering''. COSMO note: WN 'indulge' includes the notion of 'indulging in', which takes something consumable as a direct object. That meaning would be represented by using 'indulging in' as a subtype of action that *causes* an instance of this type. As of rev1505 this usage is not formalized in COSMO. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'indulge' in WordNet: 1. (2) indulge - (give free rein to; 'The writer indulged in metaphorical language') 2. (2) gratify, pander, indulge - (yield (to); give satisfaction to) WN noun 'indulgence': 3. indulgence, indulging, pampering, humoring - (the act of indulging or gratifying a desire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :CausingaFeeling, :PleasantEvent, :Providing, :Role, :SatisfyingaDesire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unnecessary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Industrial :ldoce "industrial" ; :pertainsTo :Industry ; :wnsense "industrial1adj", "industrial3adj", "industrial4adj" ; :wordnet "industrial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance to Industry in some way; of or pertaining to Industry. This is the most generic 'industrial' attribute. The more specific 'UsedInIndustry' is a subtype. For WN sense 2 of 'industrial' (having highly developed industries) use 'Developed'. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'industrial' in WordNet; also includes senses 3 and 4 which are represented by the subtype 'UsedInIndustry': in WordNet: 1. (21) industrial - (of or relating to or resulting from industry; 'industrial output') 3. (2) industrial - (employed in industry; 'industrial workers'; 'the industrial term in use among professional thieves') 4. (2) industrial - (employed in industry; 'the industrial classes'; 'industrial work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :IndustrialEconomicSector :en "industrial economic sector" ; :enn "industrial economic sector" ; :guid "c1510e12-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all localized groups of enterprises that are producers of industrial commodities, in which each such group together forms the major industrial sector for the region. 'Industrial commodities' includes #$MechanicalDevices and basic industrial materials. Examples include 'the world industrial sector', the 'industrial sector of China'. The Chinese water pump industry would not be an exemplar of #$IndustrialEconomicSector but would rather be a sub-industry (see #$subIndustries) of it. On the other hand, chinese water pump manufacturers would be considered #$groupMembers of 'the industrial sector of China'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicSector . :IndustrialProcess :wnsense "industrial process1n" ; :wordnet "industrial process" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Process_PSL' that is used in industry, usually for manufacturing or otherwise manipulating PhysicalObjects. Subtypes in WordNet are: Bessemer process - (for making steel) cyanide process - (for extracting gold) Haber process - (for producing ammonia) Solvay process - (for producing sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide) This is a Specification - an execution of such a Specification whould be an instance of 'ProcessiveEvent'. This is approximately equivalent to noun sense 1 of 'industrial process' in WordNet, but the WordNet sense suggests the actions themselves rather than the execution: in WordNet: 1. industrial process - (a systematic series of mechanical or chemical operations that produce or manufacture something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Process_PSL, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IndustrialProcessiveEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :IndustrialProcessiveEvent :wnsense "industrial process1n" ; :wordnet "industrial process" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IndustrialProcessiveEvent'' is a 'ProcessiveAction' used in industry to produce some ''ManufacturedGoods'' (includes a quantity of a PhysicalSubstance).. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between an 'industrial process' as a ''Specification'' and an 'industrial process' as a ''ProcessiveAction''; this type represent the Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'industrial process' in WordNet: 1. industrial process - (a systematic series of mechanical or chemical operations that produce or manufacture something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessiveAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IndustrialProcess ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ManufacturedGoods ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Industrialized :isAnAttributeValueOf :Country ; :isTheOppositeOf :Preindustrial ; :wnsense "developed2adj", "industrialised1adj", "industrialized1adj" ; :wordnet "developed", "industrialised", "industrialized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Industrialized'' is an attribute of nations or geographical regions whose economy consists mostly of industry and retail and little of agriculture. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'industrialized' and adj sense 2 of 'developed' in WordNet: 1. industrialized, industrialised - (made industrial; converted to industrialism; 'industrialized areas') WN adj 'developed': 2. developed, highly-developed - ((used of societies) having high industrial development; 'developed countries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Industrious :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Eagerness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :BecomingTired ; :wnsense "energetic2adj", "gumptious1adj", "hardworking1adj", "industrious1adj", "industrious2adj", "tireless2adj", "untiring1adj" ; :wordnet "energetic", "gumptious", "hardworking", "industrious", "tireless", "untiring" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Industrious'' is the attribute of someone who is both ''Eager'' and ''Energetic'' in pursuing some goal. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'industrious' in Wordnet. NOTE: 'up-and-coming' usually has a different meaning and can be misleading,so it is left out of this type - perhaps add somewhere else?) in WordNet: 1. (1) hardworking, industrious, tireless, untiring - (characterized by hard work and perseverance) 2. energetic, gumptious, industrious, up-and-coming - (working hard to promote an enterprise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eager, :Energetic . :Industry :ldoce "industry" ; :wnsense "industry2n" ; :wordnet "industry" ; a :ActionType, :IndustryType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The aggregate of all economic activity of some region that includes manufacturing and some services that are provided by large companies, but excludes retailing, farming, and family or single-individual enterprises. NOTE that this represents the Actions of industry, not Industry as an Agent. For the latter, see ?? Roughly corresponds to sense 3 of 'industry' in RHW: 3. trade or manufacture in general: the rise of industry in Africa. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'industry' in WordNet: 2. (118) industry, manufacture - (the organized action of making of goods and services for sale; 'American industry is making increased use of computers to control production') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicAction . :IndustryOrEconomicSectorType :guid "bd6934ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a Group of actions, and may include agents, which would make it heterogeneous. @ToDo: not yet well defined (rev1049). CYC: A collection of collections. Each instance of #$IndustryOrEconomicSectorType is a general industry or a main economic sector, by function, which is the collection of all local or geographically-defined industries and major economic sectors that perform that function. So the worldwide funeral industry is an instance of #$IndustryOrEconomicSectorType, as is the Ohio manufacturing sector. Every instance of #$IndustryOrEconomicSectorType can have local examples of #$Industry-Localized or #$EconomicSector-Localized as its instances. See also its specializations #$IndustryType and #$EconomicSectorType.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupType . :IndustrySector a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'IndustrySector' is a recognized 'sector' that is a part of an 'Economy', being activities performed by a Group of businesses having related kinds of activity, consisting of all of the economic and business events that occur within some defined geographical area, and conforming to some criterion (depending on classifier) as to what kind of activity is common to those Events. Essentially, a subset of the events that are elements of an Economy. Each 'IndustrySector' has some characteristic activity that the businesses in it all perform. that gives the criterion for classification. Thus this is a subtype of 'Type', i.e. each instance is a business having some attributes in common with others in that Type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Type, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Economy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EconomicEvent :BusinessEvent :EconomicAction ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :IndustrySectorList a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'IndustrySector' is a List each element of which is an 'IndustrySector'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IndustrySector ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :IndustryType :guid "bf142156-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: for COSMO, an 'Industry' is a collection of actions, not agents. So an 'industry' itself cannot act as an agent, but participants in the industry can. CYC: A collection of collections. Each instance of #$IndustryType is a general industry, by function, which is the collection of all local or geographically-defined industries (instances of #$Industry-Localized) that perform that function. So the funeral industry in general is an instance of #$IndustryType, whereas the Ohio funeral industry is an instance of #$Industry-Localized (as is the worldwide funeral industry whose 'locale' is just large). Every instance of #$IndustryType can have local examples of #$Industry-Localized as its instances. See also #$IndustryFn, #$IndustryOfRegionFn, and #$MtOfIndustryTypeFn.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndustryOrEconomicSectorType . :Inebriation :wnsense "drunkenness1n", "inebriation2n", "inebriety1n", "insobriety1n", "intoxication2n", "tipsiness1n" ; :wordnet "drunkenness", "inebriation", "inebriety", "insobriety", "intoxication", "tipsiness" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inebriation' in WordNet: 2. drunkenness, inebriation, inebriety, intoxication, tipsiness, insobriety - (a temporary state resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drunk ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingSomeoneDrunk ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Ineffective :isTheOppositeOf :Effective ; :wnsense "ineffective1adj" ; :wordnet "ineffective" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute value expressing that the object or substance thus characterized does not achieve its intended purpose when used in the manner that is expected to produce a result. This does not mean that the thing did nothing at all useful, just that it did not achieve some minimum criterion of effectiveness. This is applicable especially to medicines, medical procedures, or other procedures (including legislation) or substances that are recommended for a purpose but do not serve that purpose. **related concepts** For objects, substances (e.g. medicines), procedures, or legislation that are recommended for a purpose but do not serve that purpose use 'Ineffective' For completed efforts and actions that failed to achieve their intended purpose use 'Ineffectual' (synonym of 'futile'). For people who cannot perform some action with acceptable results, use 'Unskilled' (synonym of 'Incompetent'). For people who fail to perform the job(s) that they are supposed to do, use 'Unproductive' - this does not mean that they cannot do the job, just that they don't do it as well or as often as exopected,perhaps do to lack of effort. For devices that, when intact and used properly, can perform their function, but due to damage or lack of fuel or power cannot, use 'UnableToFunction'. Corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'ineffective' in RHW: 1. not effective; not producing results; ineffectual: ineffective efforts; ineffective remedies. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'ineffective' in WordNet: 1. ineffective, uneffective, ineffectual - (not producing an intended effect; 'an ineffective teacher'; 'ineffective legislation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EffectivenessValue, :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Ineffectual :isTheOppositeOf :Effective ; :wnsense "bootless1adj", "fruitless1adj", "futile2adj", "ineffective1adj", "ineffectual1adj", "sleeveless2adj", "uneffective1adj", "unproductive2adj", "vain2adj" ; :wordnet "bootless", "fruitless", "futile", "ineffective", "ineffectual", "sleeveless", "uneffective", "unproductive", "vain" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute value of an PurposefulAction that did not achieves its intended purpose. This does not mean that the Action accomplished nothing at all useful (it may produce *something* useful), just that it did not achieve some minimum criterion of what was originally intended or aimed at. For Actions that did not produce any significant part of the intended result the subattribute ''Futile'' can be used. **related concepts** For objects, substances (e.g. medicines), procedures, or legislation that are recommended for a purpose but do not serve that purpose use '\"Ineffective' For completed efforts and actions that failed to achieve their intended purpose use 'Ineffectual' (synonym of 'futile'). For people who cannot perform some action with acceptable results, use 'Unskilled' (synonym of 'Incompetent'). For people who fail to perform the job(s) that they are supposed to do, use 'Unproductive' - this does not mean that they cannot do the job, just that they don't do it as well or as often as expected,perhaps due to lack of effort. For devices that, when intact and used properly, can perform their function, but due to damage or lack of fuel or power cannot, use 'UnableToFunction'. Includes sense 2 of 'futile' adjective sense 1 of 'ineffectual' and sense 2 of 'unproductive' in WordNet: 2. (2) bootless, fruitless, futile, sleeveless, vain - (unproductive of success; 'a fruitless search'; 'futile years after her artistic peak'; 'a sleeveless errand'; 'a vain attempt') WN 'ineffective' 1. ineffective, uneffective, ineffectual - (not producing an intended effect; 'an ineffective teacher'; 'ineffective legislation') WN adj 'unproductive': 2. unproductive - (not producing desired results; 'the talks between labor and management were unproductive') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EffectivenessValue, :EventAttributeValue, :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Inefficient :isTheOppositeOf :Efficient ; :wnsense "inefficient1adj" ; :wordnet "inefficient" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inefficient'' is a form of being 'Ineffective'', where the effectiveness measure is a ratio of effort to results. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inefficient' in Wordnet: 1. inefficient - (not producing desired results; wasteful; 'an inefficient campaign against drugs'; 'outdated and inefficient design and methods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ineffective . :Inelegance :contrastsWith :Elegance ; :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Inelegant ; :wnsense "inelegance1n" ; :wordnet "inelegance" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inelegance'' is the nominalized form of 'inelegant' - things that *are* ''inelegant'' *have* ''Inelegance''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inelegance' in WordNet: 1. inelegance - (the quality of lacking refinement and good taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :Inelegant :wnsense "inelegant1adj" ; :wordnet "inelegant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inelegant'' is the attribute of Actions that are not ''Elegant'' in the sense that they do not conform to prevailing standards of acceptible behavior. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inelegant' in WordNet: 1. inelegant - (lacking in refinement or grace or good taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impolite . :InelegantSpeech :en "impolite speech", "inelegant speech" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InelegantSpeech'' is a parent type of utterances considered as ''Inelegant, i.e. lacking refinement (A WordNet category). This has a lot of overlap with 'impolite speech' NOTE that this is the sound waves of ''Speech'', produced by 'Speaking''. Various things considered impolite (very incomplete list): Speech Attribute Quality InelegantSpeech Profanity - Profane - Profaneness Cursing - Vulgar - Vulgarity Obscenity - Obscene - Obsceneness Sacrilege - Sacriligeous - Sacrilegeousness Blaspheming - Blasphemous - Blasphemy """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impolite ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Inequality :wnsense "disparity1n", "inequality1n" ; :wordnet "disparity", "inequality" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, :QualityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Inequality is a ''Quality' of a Group of (usually) two entities, such that the AttributeValues differ perceptibly. NOTE: both 'inequality' and 'disparity' are used to express the state of being unequal, with somewhat different usage; though they are not represented as synoyms in WordNet, the glosses suggest close similarity. In RHW this can be seen from the definitions: RHW 'inequality': 1. the condition of being unequal; lack of equality; disparity: inequality of size. RHW 'disparity': lack of similarity or equality; inequality; difference: a disparity in age; disparity in rank. This is a state of a ''Group'' (which can be a ''Group' each of whose elements is also a ''Group'') and the attribute(s) with respect to which any ''OrderedPair'' of the elements of the Group are 'unequal' by using the relation ''subjectsHaveDifference'' (pointing to a ''Difference'') The term 'disparity' is often used to refer to inequality of social starus between groups of people, expecially rich and poor: RHW 'inequality': 2. social disparity: inequality between the rich and the poor. This type ''Inequality'' is the general type of any two or more things being 'unequal' in any respect. The subtype ''Disparity'' is used to represent the more specific type of ''Inequality'' between two or more ''GroupOfPeople''s (usually two) with respect to living conditions, typically due to differences in income and/or wealth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inequality' in WordNet: 1. (1) inequality - (lack of equality; 'the growing inequality between rich and poor') WN noun 'disparity': 1. disparity - (inequality or difference in some respect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unequal ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Inert :en "unreactive" ; :enadj "unreactive" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ChemicalSubstanceType ; :isTheOppositeOf :ChemicallyReactive ; :wnsense "indifferent1adj", "inert2adj", "neutral3adj" ; :wordnet "indifferent", "inert", "neutral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inert'' is a form of ''Stable'' characterizing chemical substances (instances of ''ChemicalSubstanceType'') that do not react with other chemical substanes except under special situations such as high heat or pressure or the use of some highly ''ChemicallyReactive'' other chemical. This is used commonly of the 'rare gases' also called the 'inert gases' such as Helium, Neon, Argon, Xenon and Radon. For animals that are slow to move or act use ''Torpid''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inert' in Wordnet: 2. (1) inert, indifferent, neutral - (having only a limited ability to react chemically; chemically inactive; 'inert matter'; 'an indifferent chemical in a reaction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stable . :Inexpensive :ldoce "cheap" ; :wnsense "cheap1adj", "inexpensive1adj" ; :wordnet "cheap", "inexpensive" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Inexpensive' can describe a price in both relative and absolute terms - a penny candy is inexpensive, as a type, but some candies may be more expensive in certain stores than in others. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'inexpensive' in Wordnet: 1. (4) cheap, inexpensive - (relatively low in price or charging low prices; 'it would have been cheap at twice the price'; 'inexpensive family restaurants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affordable . :Inexperienced :isTheOppositeOf :Skilled ; :wnsense "inexperienced1adj" ; :wordnet "inexperienced" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inexperienced'' is an attribute of people who have little experience at some activity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inexperienced' in Wordnet: 1. (3) inexperienced, inexperient - (lacking practical experience or training) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Infallible :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :Procedure ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :MistakenAction ; :wnsense "infallible1adj" ; :wordnet "infallible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Infallible'' is the attribute of ''Person'' or procedural Method that (nominally) does not err, or does not fail at some type of activity. Few if any people make *no* mistakes,but some make few enough to be considered as 'infallible', at least in some type of Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infallible' in Wordnet: 1. (1) infallible - (incapable of failure or error; 'an infallible antidote'; 'an infallible memory'; 'the Catholic Church considers the Pope infallible'; 'no doctor is infallible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Infancy :wnsense "babyhood1n", "early childhood1n", "infancy1n" ; :wordnet "babyhood", "early childhood", "infancy" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infancy' in WordNet: 1. (3) infancy, babyhood, early childhood - (the early stage of growth or development """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infant ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Childhood ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ] . :Infant :wnsense "babe1n", "baby1n", "infant1n" ; :wordnet "babe", "baby", "infant" ; a :LifeStageType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Human at an age of less than one year. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infant' in Wordnet: 1. (3) baby, babe, infant - (a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk; 'isn't she too young to have a baby?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :YoungHuman . :Infantile :pertainsTo :Infant ; :wnsense "infantile3adj" ; :wordnet "infantile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of an Infant (human or other animal whose newborn young differs significantly in capability from older but still immature animals. For humans, usually applied to the first year of life up to 'toddler' stage. This is not the pejorative term denigrating a person's actions. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'infantile' in Wordnet: 3. infantile - (being or befitting or characteristic of an infant; 'infantile games') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute . :Infantry :guid "c0ffc2c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "foot9n", "infantry1n" ; :wordnet "foot", "infantry" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'Infantry' represents the Infantry as a type of Army unit, and includes any given unit of Infantry as a subtype. CYC: 'InfantryUnit-MilitarySpecialty': The collection of all military units that fight on foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infantry' in WordNet: 1. (13) infantry, foot - (an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot; 'there came ten thousand horsemen and as many fully-armed foot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmyUnit, :ModernMilitaryOrganization . :Infantryman :wnsense "foot soldier1n", "footslogger1n", "infantryman1n", "marcher3n" ; :wordnet "foot soldier", "footslogger", "infantryman", "marcher" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infantryman' in WordNet: 1. (2) infantryman, marcher, foot soldier, footslogger - (fights on foot with small arms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soldier . :Infected :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Pathogen ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :InfectingEvent ; :wnsense "infected1adj", "septic1adj" ; :wordnet "infected", "septic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Infected'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infected' in Wordnet: 1. septic, infected - (containing or resulting from disease-causing organisms; 'a septic sore throat'; 'a septic environment'; 'septic sewage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InfectingByContact :en "infecting by contact" ; :enn "infecting by contact" ; :guid "bf2080b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. Instances of #$InfectingByContact are infecting occuring as contact with pathogen. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalContactMakingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :InfectingByIngestion :en "infecting by ingesting" ; :enn "infecting by ingesting" ; :guid "c0858bd4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A collection of events. Instances of #$InfectingByIngestion are infecting occuring as ingestion of pathogens. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectingEvent, :InfectingEvent-VehicleBorneTransmission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ingesting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :InfectingByInhalation :en "infecting by inhaling" ; :enn "infecting by inhaling" ; :guid "c0efea6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A collection of #$InfectingEvents. Instances of #$InfectingByInhalation are #$InfectingEvents that are the result of inhalation of airborne pathogens. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectingEvent, :InfectingEvent-AirborneTransmission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inhaling-BreathingIn ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :InfectingEvent :en "infecting" ; :guid "bf1ecd86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c0fd53e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "infect" ; :wnsense "infect1v", "infect2v", "infection3n" ; :wordnet "infect", "infection" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in an InfectingEvent, only part of an organism may be infected. In each infection, some infectious agent (virus or microorganism) begins to reproduce in some 'HostForParasite'. This sense includes both the transmission event from another organism (someone infects you with their cold) and the Event in which the disease organism itself is considered as the agent (the virus infected the mice). A number of more specific subtypes of InfectingEvent defined in Cyc have been included, though they are not necessarily primitive elements. Each InfectingEvent causes an Infection (an AilmentCondition). Cyc: The collection of events in which some instance of #$Organism-Whole is infected. The infectious agent can be transmitted from any partially tangible thing. An important specialization of this collection is that of events in which the pathogen comes from an infected host, see #$InfectionTransmissionEvent. NOTE: In Cyc, there are a number of subtypes of InfectingEvent, among them being the more specific type, which in Cyc is called 'InfectionTransmissionEvent', which corresponds more closely to this COSMO type, and has the documentation: CYC: A specialization of #$InfectingEvent. Each instance of #$InfectionTransmissionEvent is an event in which some infection is transmitted from one host to another (where both the old and new hosts are instances of #$BiologicalLivingObject). Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'infect' and noun sense 3 of 'infection' in WordNet: 1. (2) infect - (communicate a disease to; 'Your children have infected you with this head cold') 2. (1) infect, taint - (contaminate with a disease or microorganism) WN noun 'infection': 3. infection - ((medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ContaminationEvent, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent, :TransferIn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infection ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CatchingAnInfectiousDisease ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InfectiousAgent ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :InfectingEvent-AirborneTransmission :en "airborne infection", "infecting an organism" ; :enn "airborne infection", "infecting an organism" ; :guid "c8d760ec-1976-11d6-8000-006008402c49" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmissions in which microbial aerosols (see #$AerosolStuff) are disseminated to a portal of entry, usually the respiratory tract. Microbial aerosols are suspensions in the air of #$Particles consisting partially or wholly of #$Microorganisms. #$Particles in the 1 to 5 #$Micron range are easily drawn into the alveoli of the lungs and may be retained there, causing #$Infection.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission . :InfectingEvent-BiologicalVectorBorneTransmission :guid "3f7604d0-1975-11d6-8000-006008402c49" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmissions in which the infectious agent infects a living #$Animal (see #$infectingVector) before developing into a form that can infect a #$Vertebrate host species. The pathogen must propagate (multiply), develop cyclically, or both inside the vector before the vector is capable of transmitting the pathogen in its infective form. The time period between the infection of the vector and the pathogen becoming infective to a different host species is the extrinsic incubation period for the infectious agent. The infectious agent may be transmitted to a #$Vertebrate host in several ways which include via saliva during biting, or by regurgitation or deposition of feces or other material on the skin which penetrates through the bite wound or through the abrasions caused by scratching.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission . :InfectingEvent-DirectTransmission :guid "5caeea48-18d6-11d6-8000-006008402c49" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvents in which there is a direct and immediate transfer of an infectious agent or pathogen (see #$Microorganism) to a receptive portal (see #$infectingOccursAt) through which an #$Organism-Whole becomes infected. Examples include transferring pathogens via touching, kissing, biting, sexual intercourse, projection of droplet spray into mucous membranes, direct exposure of tissue to agents in soil, and transplacental transmission. Contrast with #$InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectingEvent . :InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission :guid "be19e2c8-18d7-11d6-8000-006008402c49" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvents in which there is an indirect transfer of an infectious agent or pathogen (see #$Microorganism) via some intermediary to a receptive portal (see #$infectingOccursAt) through which an #$Organism-Whole becomes infected. The intermediary can be inanimate or living, and if living may itself be infected or not. Contrast with #$InfectingEvent-DirectTransmission. The major subcollections are #$InfectingEvent-VehicleBorneTransmission, #$InfectingEvent-AirborneTransmission, and #$InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectingEvent . :InfectingEvent-MechanicalVectorBorneTransmission :guid "cd04fdca-1974-11d6-8000-006008402c49" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmissions in which the infectious agent is merely transported by a living #$Animal to a susceptible host (see #$infectingVector). For example, an insect vector may carry the infectious agent on its feet or proboscis as it flies and crawls or the infectious agent may pass through its gastrointestinal tract. Another example would be a rodent carrying fleas infected with the #$Plague-Bacterium. A rodent's transporting the fleas is an example of a #$InfectingEvent-MechanicalVectorBorneTransmission. In contrast, a biting by an infected flea would be an example of a #$InfectingEvent-BiologicalVectorBorneTransmission because the flea is infected by #$Plague-Bacterium and the latter undergoes part of its life cycle within the flea before the flea can transmit the infective form of #$Plague-Bacterium.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission . :InfectingEvent-VectorBorneTransmission :guid "b882ada8-1973-11d6-8000-006008402c49" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmissions in which either a #$Vertebrate or #$Invertebrate animal serves as the intermediary (a vector) by which an infectious agent is carried to and infects a susceptible host.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission . :InfectingEvent-VehicleBorneTransmission :guid "1901bed0-18d9-11d6-8000-006008402c49" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmissions in which contaminated inanimate objects or substances serve as an intermediate means by which an infectious agent is transported to receptive portal (see #$infectingOccursAt) through which an #$Organism-Whole may become infected. The infectious agent may or may not have multiplied on or in the vehicle before being transmitted. Since the vehicle is inanimate, the vehicle cannot itself become infected. Potential vehicles of infection include toys, bedding, eating utensils and surgical instruments; substances such as food, water, milk; and biological products such as blood, plasma, tissue.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectingEvent-IndirectTransmission . :Infection :guid "c10c2f7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "infection1n", "infection3n", "infectious disease1n" ; :wordnet "infection", "infectious disease" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AilmentCondition. Each instance of #$Infection is an ailment condition in which microorganisms are abnormally present (or abnormally numerous) within an animal's body. The microorganisms involved in an infection may be instances of the collections #$Bacterium, #$Virus, or #$ProtistaKingdom. Specializations of #$Infection include #$Bronchitis, #$Tonsillitis, and #$SexuallyTransmittedInfection (which has further specializations). This is the Persistent state of *being* infected: WN sense 3 of 'infection', meaning 'becoming infected' is represented as ''InfectingEvent''. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'infection' and sense 1 of 'infectious disease' in Wordnet: 1. (9) infection - (the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms) 3. infection - ((medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease) WN noun 'infectious disease': 1. (3) infectious disease - (a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InfectingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PathogenicMicroorganism ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpreadingOfaPathogen ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :InfectionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Infection as one of their arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentType . :Infectious :en "contagious" ; :enadj "contagious" ; :ldoce "infectious" ; :wnsense "infectious1adj", "infectious3adj" ; :wordnet "infectious" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of certain microorganisms, of diseases, and also of animals carrying those microorganisms; infectious objects are capable of causing an Infection in another organism. These two senses should be distinguished. NOTE the term 'contagious' is also used in this sense, including of people who may spread a disease, but is not in WN in this sense. RHW 'contagious': 2. carrying or spreading a contagious disease. Includes adjective senses 1, and 3 of 'infectious' in WordNet: 1. (7) infectious, infective - (caused by infection or capable of causing infection; 'viruses and other infective agents'; 'a carrier remains infective without himself showing signs of the disease') 3. infectious - (of or relating to infection; 'infectious hospital'; 'infectious disease') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :InfectiousAgent :wnsense "infectious agent1n", "infective agent1n" ; :wordnet "infectious agent", "infective agent" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Organism, Virus, or other agent (e.g. prion) that can cause disease and be transmitted (by any means) between hosts. May not differ from 'Pathogen', unless there are 'Pathogens' that cannot be transmitted among hosts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infectious agent' in WordNet: 1. infectious agent, infective agent - (an agent capable of producing infection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pathogen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infectious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infection ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ] . :InfectiousReservoir :wnsense "reservoir4n" ; :wordnet "reservoir" ; a :OrganismType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Organism that can serve as a Source of an Infectious agent, whether or not the 'InfectiousReservoir' itself is adversely affected by the infectious agent. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'reservoir' in WordNet: 4. reservoir, source - (anything (a person or animal or plant or substance) in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies; 'an infectious agent depends on a reservoir for its survival') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, :Source, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infection ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :Inferior :wnsense "inferior2adj" ; :wordnet "inferior" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'inferior' is very general, for things that are not as good as others in some respect. In contrast to ''Worse'' the use of this adjectie does not imply that the thing this is inferior to is itself in some way ''Bad''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inferior' in Wordnet: 2. (1) inferior - (of low or inferior quality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worse . :InferiorRanking :wnsense "inferior1adj" ; :wordnet "inferior" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InferiorRanking'' characterizes things that have a 'lower' rank or status in some respect other than in an Organization hierarchy (for which use subattribute ''LowerRanking''); this is for evaluative judgments that depend on the opinion of the evaluator, or for lower 'importance', depends on the criterion and context for judging importance. This can be used for emotional or intuitive evaluations of people including those based on prejudice of racism, as well as those based on an evaluation of skill or capability. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inferior' in Wordnet: 1. (2) inferior - (of or characteristic of low rank or importance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inferior . :Inferiority :wnsense "inferiority1n", "lower rank1n", "lower status1n" ; :wordnet "inferiority", "lower rank", "lower status" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inferiority' in WordNet: 1. (1) inferiority, lower status, lower rank - (the state of being inferior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LowStatus . :InferredAssertion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An InferredAssertion is an Assertion that was created by a process of inference, and was not directly asserted by some source. @ToDo: does this really differ from a 'Conclusion''? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, :Conclusion . :Inferring :en "drawing a conclusion" ; :eng "concluding", "deducing", "deriving", "inferring" ; :wnsense "conclude1v", "deduce1v", "deduce2v", "derive1v", "extrapolate1v", "infer1v", "infer2v", "inference1n" ; :wordnet "conclude", "deduce", "derive", "extrapolate", "infer", "inference" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inferring'' is a final stage in one line of 'Reasoning' in which an IntelligentAgent concludes that an Assertion is true (within some system of axioms, formal or informal, explicit or assumed) by a series of one or more deductive steps. This may be only one of many steps in a larger reasoning process. This differs from ''Proving'' in being less formal and not necesarily using the formally accepted methods of proving things. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'infer' and verb sense 1 of 'conclude' and approximately to noun sense 1 of 'inference' in Wordnet: 1. (3) deduce, infer, deduct, derive - (reason by deduction; establish by deduction) 2. (1) generalize, generalise, extrapolate, infer - (draw from specific cases for more general cases) WN noun 'inference': 1. (6) inference, illation - (the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation) WN verb 'conclude': 1. (36) reason, reason out, conclude - (decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion; 'We reasoned that it was cheaper to rent than to buy a house') WN verb 'deduce': 1. (7) deduce, infer, deduct, derive - (reason by deduction; establish by deduction) 2. (2) deduce, infer - (conclude by reasoning; in logic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deciding, :Reasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFinishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Reasoning ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Conclusion ] . :InferringaProblemSolution a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InferringaProblemSolution'' is a form of 'Inferring'' in which an IntelligentAgent uses ''Reasoning'' to determine how to solve a problem by creating a ''ProblemSolvingProcedure''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inferring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :KnowingHowToSolveaProblem ] . :Infertile :guid "c923f69a-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Organism ; :wnsense "infertile1adj", "sterile1adj", "unfertile1adj" ; :wordnet "infertile", "sterile", "unfertile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Infertile'' characterizes organisms that cannot reproduce, even after they have reached the age of sexual maturity. CYC: #$SexuallyMature, but inable to reproduce. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infertile' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sterile, unfertile, infertile - (incapable of reproducing; 'an infertile couple') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unable . :Infestation :guid "c12d2f5e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "infestation1n" ; :wordnet "infestation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Infestation'' is a ''HavingOrganismsInside''where the Organisms are undesireble and have a density sufficient to cause damage or distress. Used for some diseases of plants and the presence of vermin. CYC: The collection of infestations, events in which a large group of unwelcome animals, generally insects, congregates in a particular location. It is important in infestations that there be a fairly high density, in the sense of number of animals per area or volume. The proportion of volume taken up by the animals doesn't matter: a dozen elephants might virtually fill one's house, but the house is not thereby infested with elephants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infestation' in WordNet: 1. infestation - (the state of being invaded or overrun by parasites) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abundance, :HavingOrganismsInside, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vermin ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infested ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Infested :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Infestation ; :wnsense "infested1adj", "overrun1adj", "plagued1adj" ; :wordnet "infested", "overrun", "plagued" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Infested'' is an attribute of Places or Objects that have more than a few ''Vermin'' living there. NOTE that any undesirable animal could be cosidered ''Vermin'' when present where they are undesirable and unpleasant or harmful. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infested' in Wordnet: 1. (2) infested, overrun, plagued - ((often followed by 'with' or used in combination) troubled by or encroached upon in large numbers; 'waters infested with sharks'; 'shark-infested waters'; 'the locust-overrun countryside'; 'drug-plagued streets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InfiltratingaGroup :en "infiltrating", "infiltration", "penetrating" ; :wnsense "infiltrate1v", "penetrate4v" ; :wordnet "infiltrate", "penetrate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InfiltratingaGroup'' is the action of some Person who is trying to get information about a GroupOfPeople peraps for a government agency) joining that group so as to learn information not available to outsiders. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'infiltrate' in WordNet: 2. (1) infiltrate, penetrate - (enter a group or organization in order to spy on the members; 'The student organization was infiltrated by a traitor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JoiningAnOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SecretAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Infinite :wnsense "infinite1adj" ; :wordnet "infinite" ; a :LogicalFunction, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Infinite'' specifies a quantity characterizing a number of entities or of measures, specifying that the measure is larger than anything that can be measured. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'infinite' in Wordnet: 1. (8) infinite - (having no limits or boundaries in time or space or extent or magnitude; 'the infinite ingenuity of man'; 'infinite wealth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Numerous, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finite ; owl:onProperty :isBiggerThan ] . :InfiniteYears :hasQuantifier :infinity ; :hasUnit :years ; a :TimeDuration . :Infinitely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Unlimited ; :wnsense "boundlessly1adv", "immeasurably2adv", "infinitely1adv", "infinitely2adv" ; :wordnet "boundlessly", "immeasurably", "infinitely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Infinitely'' is an AdverbialModifier that lexically appears as the adverbial form of the adjective 'infinite' but whose meaning is even closer to the adverbial form of 'limitless' - to increase infinitely is to increase without limit - in 'a limitless manner'. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'infinitely' in Wordnet: 1. (1) boundlessly, immeasurably, infinitely - (without bounds; 'he is infinitely wealthy') 2. (1) infinitely, endlessly - (continuing forever without end; 'there are infinitely many possibilities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Inflamed :isAnAttributeValueOf :AnimalBodyPart ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Inflammation ; :wnsense "inflamed1adj" ; :wordnet "inflamed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inflamed'' is the attribute of some ''AnimalBodyPart'' that is experiencing ''Inflammation''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inflamed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inflamed - (resulting from inflammation; hot and swollen and reddened; 'eyes inflamed with crying') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abnormal, :PastParticiple, :Reddened . :Inflammation :wnsense "inflammation1n", "redness1n", "rubor1n" ; :wordnet "inflammation", "redness", "rubor" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inflammation'' is a condition that can occur in any tissue characterized by various symptoms of an'inflamatory response' including pain, redness (for external parts), and metabolic responses attacking tissue. it is often a result of infection or injury,but may be due to other causes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inflammation' in WordNet: 1. inflammation, redness, rubor - (a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Symptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reddening ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflamed ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Inflammatory :isAnAttributeValueOf :InflammatoryDisease ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Inflammation ; :isTheOppositeOf :Bearable ; :wnsense "inflammatory1adj" ; :wordnet "inflammatory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inflammatory' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inflammatory - (characterized or caused by inflammation; 'an inflammatory process'; 'an inflammatory response') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Troublesome . :InflammatoryDisease :wnsense "inflammatory disease1n" ; :wordnet "inflammatory disease" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InflammatoryDisease'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inflammatory disease' in WordNet: 1. inflammatory disease - (a disease characterized by inflammation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflammation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflammatory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Inflatable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :InflatingWithaGas ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :InflatingWithaGas ; :wnsense "inflatable1adj" ; :wordnet "inflatable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inflatable' in Wordnet: 1. inflatable - (designed to be filled with air or gas; 'an inflatable mattress'; 'an inflatable boat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distensible . :InflatableContainer :en "inflatable container" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InflatableContainer'' is a ''FlexibleObject'' that is a ''Container'' that can be filled with a ''FluidObject'' and as more of the fluid is added, the volume increases until it reaches the limit of capacity of the Container. Some kinds of water bottles or large water bags are included, as well as inflatable balls such as ''SoccerBall'' and ''FootballBall-American''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Container, :FlexibleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InflatingAction ; owl:onProperty :isModifiedInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflatable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Inflated :guid "61bf4308-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :InflatingAction ; :wnsense "inflated2adj" ; :wordnet "inflated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inflated'' is the attribute of some flexible PhysicalObject that has experienced an ''InflatingAction'' and has not become deflated either intentionally or due to leakage of the gas. In CYC an Object, in COSMO an attribute. CYC: The state of being filled up with air or another kind of gas: e.g. a filled balloon. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inflated' in Wordnet: 2. inflated - (expanded by (or as if by) gas or air; 'an inflated balloon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :InflatedBall :en "inflated ball" ; :enn "inflated ball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InflatedBall'' is a ''Ball'' that is an ''InflatableContainer'' that has been inflated to the proper level for playing a game. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ball, :InflatableContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :InflatingAction :en "inflating something" ; :eng "inflating" ; :wnsense "blow up7v", "inflate1v" ; :wordnet "blow up", "inflate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InflatingAction'' is an action in which an agent intentionally injects a Fluid (usually water or a gas) - air, helium, etc. - into a flexible object (an ''InflatableContainer'') that can act as a container for the fluid, thereby causing it to increase in volume. This can be for inflating automobile tires, basketballs or soccer balls or footballs, party balloons, weather balloons, and some airships (blimps), or any other inflatable object. NOTE: For the more common and specific Action of inflating using a ''Gas'',use subtype ''InflatingWithaGas''. When a liquid is added to a flexible container, that is usually referred to as ''filling'' rather than inflating. The distinction will be clear from the type of thing inflated (or subtypes can be created) Includes but is broader than (includes liquids) verb sense 1 of 'inflate' in WordNet: 1. (2) inflate, blow up - (fill with gas or air; 'inflate a balloons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpandingInVolume, :Inserting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volume ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InflatableContainer ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :InflatingWithaGas :wnsense "blow up7v", "inflate1v" ; :wordnet "blow up", "inflate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InflatingWithaGas'' is an ''InflatingAction'' in which the ''fluid' inserted into the ''InflatableContainer'' is a ''Gas'' such as ''Air'' or ''Helium'', or in some cases (e.g. Hindenberg), ''Hydrogen''. This can be for inflating automobile tires, basketballs or soccer balls or footballs, party balloons, weather balloons, airships, or any other inflatable object. This *cannot* be used for filling liquid containers that are flexible and expandable. Includes but is broader than (includes liquids) verb sense 1 of 'inflate' in WordNet: 1. (2) inflate, blow up - (fill with gas or air; 'inflate a balloons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InflatingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :Gas ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InflatableContainer ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Inflation :wnsense "inflation1n" ; :wordnet "inflation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Inflation is the increase (or decrease) of prices of some set of good and or services, measured in some unit of currency over some period of time. The EconomicIndicator that measures Inflation is the change of purchasing value of some unit of currency, affecting all agents that use that currency. There are several measures of Inflation, which are aggregate prices for different sets of goods and/or services. The most commonly discussed are the CPI, the consumer price index, and the Corresponds to part verb noun sense 1 of 'inflation' in WordNet: 1. (1) inflation, rising prices - (a general and progressive increase in prices; 'in inflation everything gets more valuable except money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroeconomicEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isMeasuredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :InflationRate ] . :InflationRate :wnsense "inflation rate1n" ; :wordnet "inflation rate" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'InflationRate' is the rate of increase of prices of some set of goods and/or services, measured in some unit of currency over some period of time. This is the measure for 'Inflation'. Typically it is expressed as some percent change (increase or decrease) in prices per year or per month. Other periods of time can be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inflation rate' in WordNet: 1. inflation rate, rate of inflation - (the rate of change of prices (as indicated by a price index) calculated on a monthly or annual basis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RateUnit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CurrencyUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasRepeatedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :PercentNumber ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :FrequencyUnit ] . :Inflection :wnsense "inflection2n", "prosody1n" ; :wordnet "inflection", "prosody" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inflection'' is a ''PronunciationManner'' (a ''MannerOfSpeaking'') that results from the combined interaction of pitch, timing, and stress (emphasis) for syllables in spoken language. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inflection' in WordNet: 2. (1) prosody, inflection - (the patterns of stress and intonation in a language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MannerOfSpeaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pitch ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StressedSyllable ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :InflictingAnUnpleasantEventOnSomeone :wnsense "bring down3v", "impose2v", "inflict1v", "visit5v" ; :wordnet "bring down", "impose", "inflict", "visit" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''InflictingAnUnpleasantEventOnSomeone'' is a more specific subtype of ''CausingaNegativeSituation'' in which one Person intentionally causes a second Person to experience an ''UnpleasantEvent'' (which could be a PersistentState). NOTE:in this type of two-person interaction COSMO does not yet have a method for reifying the subject Person doing something from the Object Person to whom the thing is done. This can be done in instances of this action using instances of Person, but in the type it is obscure. @@ToDo1557: don't wait for FOL version!!. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inflict' in WordNet: 1. (9) inflict, bring down, visit, impose - (impose something unpleasant; 'The principal visited his rage on the students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :CausingaNegativeSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnpleasantEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :AffectedPerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AffectedPerson ; owl:onProperty :isBadFor ] . :InfluencingAnAgent :guid "c06d61d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "influence" ; :wnsense "act upon1v", "influence1v", "work15n" ; :wordnet "act upon", "influence", "work" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$PurposefulActions. In each instance of #$InfluencingAnAgent, one #$IntelligentAgent deliberately and successfully influences the actions of another (or at least the other's dispositions to act). This collection is restricted to influence through cognitive or emotional channels - e.g. influencing someone through rational persuasion, through appeals to emotion, or by #$MakingAThreat. Affecting someone's behavior solely by the application of physical force - e.g. twisting your arm to make you cry out - is not influencing in the relevant sense. Also, this collection does not include cases where an agent A influences the actions of B unknowingly - e.g., by serving as a role model for B, or by unintentionally alienating B. Borderline cases involve the influenced agent acting in a way the influencer did not envision - e.g. my telling you to be more assertive in your personal relationships, and you responding to the advice (to my horror) by beating someone up. The concept 'to be influenced' here means to have opinions or actions changed, not merely to perceive or react to something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'influence' in WordNet: 1. (20) influence, act upon, work - (have and exert influence or effect; 'The artist's work influenced the young painter'; 'She worked on her friends to support the political candidate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :SocialInteraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :Influential :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :AbilityToInfluencePeople ; :ldoce "influential" ; :wnsense "eminent2adj", "high3adj", "influential1adj" ; :wordnet "eminent", "high", "influential" ; a :AttributeValueType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Influential' is the attribute of an InfluentialPerson, attributing an ability to affect the beliefs and attitudes of another person, or of many other persons. This is more specialized than 'AbilityToInfluencePeople' in that the influential ability of 'Influential' is based on persuasion, and not on any element of force, such as financial force or authority. It can also be used to attribute the AbilityToInfluencePeople to agents other than individual people, such as newspapers and other organizations. A Person who is Influential is an InfluentialPerson and that Person also has the capability 'AbilityToInfluencePeople'. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'influential' and sense 2 of 'eminent' in WordNet: 1. (2) influential - (having or exercising influence or power; 'an influential newspaper'; 'influential leadership for peace') WN adj 'eminent': 2. eminent, high - (standing above others in quality or position; 'people in high places'; 'the high priest'; 'eminent members of the community') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbilityToInfluencePeople, :PersonAttributeValue . :InfluentialPerson :wnsense "big cheese1n", "big deal1n", "big enchilada1n", "big fish1n", "big gun1n", "big shot1n", "big wheel1n", "head honcho1n", "important person1n", "influence5n", "influential person1n", "personage2n" ; :wordnet "big cheese", "big deal", "big enchilada", "big fish", "big gun", "big shot", "big wheel", "head honcho", "important person", "influence", "influential person", "personage" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """InfluentialPerson is a Person that has some kind of influence in changing the attitudes or beliefs or actions of some other people, outside of the immediate parent-child relation. This element is broadly construed to include people with different degress of influence on different numbers of people, from one person to all of humanity. No single word seems to capture this concept. For In WordNet the closest synsets seem to be 'big wheel' (for broad influence) to 'influence' sense 5 for personal influence: in WordNet: 1. big shot, big gun, big wheel, big cheese, big deal, big enchilada, big fish, head honcho - (an important influential person; 'he thinks he's a big shot'; 'she's a big deal in local politics'; 'the Qaeda commander is a very big fish') WN 'influence': 5. influence - (one having power to influence another; 'she was the most important influence in my life'; 'he was a bad influence on the children') WN noun 'personage': 2. important person, influential person, personage - (a person whose actions and opinions strongly influence the course of events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Influential ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbilityToInfluencePeople ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Influenza :guid "c0fd4e91-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flu1n", "grippe1n", "influenza1n" ; :wordnet "flu", "grippe", "influenza" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A fairly common type of respiratory viral infection. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'influenza' in WordNet: 1. influenza, flu, grippe - (an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContagiousDisease, :LifeThreateningCondition, :RespiratoryAilment, :ViralInfection . :Influx :wnsense "inflow1n", "influx1n" ; :wordnet "inflow", "influx" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'influx' in WordNet: 1. (1) inflow, influx - (the process of flowing in) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InsideOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ] . :Informal :contrastsWith :Formal ; :wnsense "informal1adj" ; :wordnet "informal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Conforming to certain social rules: of behavior or of objects (such as clothing) expected for certain occasions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'formal' in WordNet: 1. (3) informal - (not formal; 'conservative people unaccustomed to informal dress'; 'an informal free-and-easy manner'; 'an informal gathering of friends') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Informant :guid "6330753c-9b5b-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d0a8" ; :wnsense "informant1n", "source2n" ; :wordnet "informant", "source" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any person who informs another, i.e. provides information to another person (makes LinguisticAssertions) , whether orally or by any other means of Communication; the information does not have to be true. 'My source was the New York Times' (from: Doctor Strangelove) 'anonymous sources' 'reliable sources' This includes but is broader than the more specific sense of CYC 'informant' CYC This is the collection of people who are rewarded by the police for offering information about crimes and criminal activities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'informant' in WordNet: 1. (1) informant, source - (a person who supplies information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communicator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Informing ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Informing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Information :ldoce "information" ; :wnsense "information1n", "information2n", "information3n" ; :wordnet "information" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Information' in COSMO is treated as a GenericSubstance, and specific quantitities of 'Information' are treated as Objects ('InformationObject') composed of Information. Information can take many forms, but only exists in InformationObjects, which temselves only exist if represented in some PhysicalObject. Information can arise naturally, as in a DNA or RNA or Protein sequence. Treating ''Information'' as a Substance, its 'unitObject' is specified as an ''Assertion''. However, one ''Assertion'' can itself be said to contain ''Information'' - in that case, the information contained is the multiple inks from the assertion to other assertions related to that single Assertion. NOTE that Wordnet does not define 'InformationObject' as a separate concept. NOte: for 'information' that is conveyed by a 'message' use subtype ''Message'' Includes to noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'information' in WordNet: 1. (409) information, info - (a message received and understood) 2. (215) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data') 3. (72) information - (knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericSubstance, :Resource, :UsefulThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Assertion ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :Information-Content :ldoce "information" ; :wnsense "content2n", "information2n", "subject matter1n", "substance6n" ; :wordnet "content", "information", "subject matter", "substance" ; a :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Frrom Cyc: OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A specialization of #$AbstractInformationalThing. Each instance of #$Information-Content is an abstract object that can be the content, or meaning, of some token in some language. A pair of tokens of linguistic objects mean the same thing just in case each has the same content as the other. Instance of this collection can be used to represent the content of an instance of #$ConceptualWork. Although 'information' and 'data' are in the same synset in Wordnet, in COSMO ''Data'' are the ''Datums'' acquired by acts of ''Observing'', and that term is narrower than inormation generally. This is a subtype of 'InformationObject', and is information that is represented in any form, usually a 'LinguisticAssertion', but it can be the content of multiple ''LinguisticAssertion''s, even ftional, or of bits or states in measurng devices (e.g. the reading on a mercury thermometer) or stored in any data storeage medium, including images in binary or graphical form or recordings of sounds. COSMO note: *db997 @ToDo: the relation between 'Information-Content' and LinguisticAssertion is still unclear. This 'Information-Content' is intended to represent the abstract meaning of some information, regardless of its linguistic or other representation (the same 'Information-Content' can have different representations in different languages), but a 'Information-Content' must be represented by some set of symbols. The difference is, the same information in any language must translate or reduce to the same set of 'Information-Content' symbols, if it has the same meaning. But the same logical content may also be represented by different symbols. So, there **should be** a canonical meaning representation (FOL?) and, if there is a 'Information-Content' in some other set of symbols, there must be an unambiguous translation to the canonical symbols. BUT as of rev997 @ToDo it is not required that such a phrase exist: there are a number of linguistic assertion instances, and these would have to have logical representations - should a LogicalSentence' be required?? NOTE that a 'LogicalSentence' is a Phrase, just as is a 'LinguisticAssertion', so there is no disjointness between 'Information-Content' and a 'LinguisticAssertion'. Corresponds roughly to one of the senses of 'information' in Wordnet and includes noun sense 2 of 'content' (but 'data' in COSMO is a separate subtype; sense 3 can be a subtype (as of rev1019 not directly represented??: in WordNet: 2. (215) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data') WN noun 'content': 2. (8) message, content, subject matter, substance - (what a communication that is about something is about) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationObject . :Information-encoding-system a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DOLCE: ('Information-encoding-system') An information encoding system is a description that involves information objects. They can be divided into 1) axiomatic systems, which provide roles and operations to define formal descriptions (e.g. theories), 2) combinatorial systems, which provide roles and operations to create valid information objects (e.g. grammars), 3) classification systems, which are contexts of (ev. ordered) lists of information objects, and 4) informal encoding systems, which provide roles and operations to define informal descriptions (e.g. narratives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, :Description, :FunctionalSystem, :InformationObject, :UsefulThing . :InformationAboutaCave :en "information about a cave" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InformationAboutaCave'' is ''InformationAboutaPlace'' where the 'Place' is some ''Cave''. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationAboutaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cave ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ] . :InformationAboutaPlace :en "information about some place" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InformationAboutaPlace'' is ''InformationAboutaTopic'' where the Topic is some ''Place'' - that can be on Earth or in space.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Place ] . :InformationAboutaTopic a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InformationAboutaTopic'' is 'Information' that has a main 'Topic'of . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :InformationBearingObject a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A SymbolicObject (an artifact) created as a symbol of something else, and bearing information. All texts and images of real-world things are examples. NOTE: IBO is for symbols that directly and primarily represent things, not for PO's such as computers that contain some symbols in them, but are not themselves primarily symbolic Approximate equivalents: InformationBearingObject (Cyc) ContentBearingObject (SUMO) COSMO note: Cyc interprets IBO to include utterances and gestures, but in COSMO this category is restricted to physical objects that are artifacts ('ArtifactObjects'), and excludes actions. In COSMO actions that contain information are included under 'InformationBearingThing'. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$InformationBearingThing and #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject. Each instance of #$InformationBearingObject is an object that can be interpreted, by an interpreter understanding its conventions, to yield a chunk or chunks of information. #$InformationBearingObject includes all of the following: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints, gestures, and utterances, which may be interpreted to yield information. Note: 'an IBO' abbreviates 'an information bearing object'. Cf. #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. See also #$containsInformation. COSMO note: this category is considerd approximately equivalent to the SUMO 'ContentbearingObject' SUMO: (ContentBearingObject) Any SelfConnectedObject that expresses content. This content may be a Proposition, e.g. when the ContentBearingObject is a Sentence or Text, or it may be a representation of an abstract or physical object, as with an Icon, a Word or a Phrase.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :InformationBearingThing, :SymbolicObject . :InformationBearingThing :guid "be436e7e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: although an 'InformationBearingThing' should be related in some way to the information it bears, to require by restriction that the information be specified would be very burdensome in discussing such objects. This type merely specifies that ''Information'' is carried, and subtypes can be more specific. CYC A collection of spatially-localized individuals, including various actions and events as well as physical objects. Each instance of #$InformationBearingThing (or IBT ) is an item that contains information (for an agent who knows how to interpret it). Examples: a copy of the novel Moby Dick; a signal buoy; a photograph; an elevator sign in Braille; a map; a US dollar bill; a resume; a musical score; copies of the #$CycProgram. For representations of the propositional content of information bearing things, see #$PropositionalInformationThing; but note that not all IBTs have a propositional content (cf. #$ArtObject). An important specialization of #$InformationBearingThing is #$InformationBearingObject, which comprises all of those IBTs that are also physical objects (i.e. #$PartiallyTangibles). Though often a subtle task in particular contexts, it is important to distinguish the various specializations of #$InformationBearingThing from those of #$AspatialInformationStore (whose instances are the chunks of information instantiated in particular IBTs; see #$instantiationOfAIT) and from those of #$ConceptualWork (whose instances are the conceptual or artistic creations that are instantiated in particular IBTs; see #$instantiationOfWork). For instance, #$TextString is a specialization of #$AspatialInformationStore, #$TextualMaterial is a specialization of #$InformationBearingThing, and #$TextualPCW is a specialization of #$ConceptualWork; to conflate any of these with another would be to make a category error . Also note that events in which information is transferred (see #$InformationTransferEvent) are not considered instances of #$InformationBearingThing. Rather, such transfer events have as one of their participants (see #$actors) some instance of #$InformationBearingThing; though in cases where IBTs are themselves events this will require distinguishing very finely between the event that encodes the information and the event that is the information transfer. See also the sense-modality-based specializations, #$SoundInformationBearingThing and #$VisualInformationBearingThing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Information ; owl:onProperty :contains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Learning ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :InformationBearingWavePropagation :guid "bf834402-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which a Wave is emitted and propagated through a medium, containing information encoded in it by some IntelligentAgent. Note that this includes the emission as well as at least part of the propagation. Note that 'MovieShowing' is a subtype. Cyc: A specialization of both #$InformationBearingThing and #$WavePropagation. Each instance of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation is a wave propagation event that carries information for interpreters who understand its conventions. Notable specializations of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation include #$Music, #$VisualImage, and #$SpokenUtterance-IBT.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingAWave, :SignalEvent, :WavePropagationEvent . :InformationDisseminatingSystem a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InformationDisseminatingSystem'' is any ''System'' (more than one thing connected to perform a function) whose purpose is to disseminate information to multiple people beyond the range of the human voice..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalSystem, :Resource . :InformationGathering :guid "bd58fb0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "information gathering1n" ; :wordnet "information gathering" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Action and #$InformationTransferEvent. In each instance of #$InformationGathering, some instance of #$IntelligentAgent gathers information about something. This type is more specialized than the general 'Inquiring' in that the information sought should be more than just one fact, and should be a Group of facts that relate to some common topic. InformationGathering is Learning, even if the information sought is not found, as something must be learned in the process - at least the absence of information in the location searched. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'information gathering' in WordNet: 1. information gathering - (the act of collecting information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collecting, :HumanActivity, :InformationTransferEvent, :Inquiring, :Learning . :InformationMeasure a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Measures of the amount of information. Includes Bit, Byte, and multiples of these, e.g. KiloByte and MegaByte.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :bits ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ] . :InformationObject :ldoce "information" ; :wnsense "information2n", "information3n" ; :wordnet "information" ; a :InformationType, :MentalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: An InformationObject is a MentalObject created by an IntelligentAgent that contains Information in some form. That is the meaning of the restriction: (containsAbstractSubstance Information) The name 'Information-object' is from DOLCE. Comparable to the OpenCyc '#$AbstractInformationalThing'. This subsumes both the symbolic objects that people may create as well as the yet more abstract informational content ('propositional content') which may be viewed as existing independent of the symbols used to encode it. This can be used in sentences such as 'He has information about the crime'. This is the range for relation 'hasInformationContent'. The subtype 'Information-Content' is for the content of lingistic assertions. This is approximately what is normally intended by linguistic use of 'information' 'Information' has not been well defined yet, so this category does not have clear defining conditions of its own, but subsumes things like AbstractSymbolicObjects, Propositions, and Languages. Every Communication transfers some InformationObject. DOLCE; Information objects are social objects. They are realized by some entity. They are ordered (expressed according to) by some system for information encoding. Consequently, they are dependent from an encoding as well as from a concrete realization.They can express a description (the ontological equivalent of a meaning/conceptualization), can be about any entity, and can be interpreted by an agent.From a communication perspective, an information object can play the role of 'message'. From a semiotic perspective, it plays the role of 'expression'. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A heterogeneous collection of abstract objects that pertain to information. Subsumes not only #$Proposition, but also the collections #$Sentence, #$CharacterString, #$AtomicSymbol-Abstract, #$Microtheory, #$PropositionalInformationThing, and #$ConceptualWork. Note that while all #$AbstractInformationalThings are abstract objects (this collection is disjoint with #$SpatialThing-Localized), most instances of this collection can have multiple concrete 'embodiments';. A single instance of #$Sentence can be written on several pieces of paper (see #$instantiationOfAIS); a #$PropositionalInformationThing may be the content of several concrete documents, such as instances of #$BookCopy (see #$containsInfoPropositional-IBT); and several events, such as spoken utterances, may have a certain #$Proposition as their content (see #$containsInformation). Note that some instances of #$AbstractInformationalThing have temporal extent. Examples include all instances of #$Novel-CW and #$Movie-CW. Others specs are disjoint with #$TemporalThing. Examples include all instances of #$Character-Abstract and #$Proposition. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'information' in Wordnet; sense 3 can be a subtype (as of rev1019 not directly represented??: in Wordnet: 2. (215) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data') 3. (72) information - (knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, :RepresentationObject, :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Information ; owl:onProperty :containsAbstractSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :InformationRecordingDevice :guid "bd58feeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "recorder1n", "recording equipment1n", "recording machine1n" ; :wordnet "recorder", "recording equipment", "recording machine" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes cameras that take still pictures as well as those that record sound and moving images. See the subtypes. Cyc: #$InformationRecordingDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$InformationRecordingDevice is a device used for the recording of sensory information (i.e., audio and visual, but not encoded as character strings.) So an instance would be your answering machine at home (an #$AnsweringMachine), your cam-corder (a #$VideoCamera), but NOT your address book or your copy of the Yellow Pages. Note: A borderline case is a #$PersonalDigitalAssistant (such as an Apple Newton) used to record handwritten script. If it then processes that information and converts it to ASCII characters, it has stopped being an #$InformationRecordingDevice as this constant is defined. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recording machine' in WordNet: 1. (2) recorder, recording equipment, recording machine - (equipment for making records) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device . :InformationRecordingEvent :guid "bd58e14f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "record" ; :wnsense "record2v", "recording2n", "transcription5n" ; :wordnet "record", "recording", "transcription" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$IBOCreation. Each instance of this collection is an event in which information is recorded, using an #$InformationRecordingDevice. Every #$InformationRecordingProcess produces an #$InformationBearingObject. Specializations include #$SavingAFile and #$AudioTapeRecording. NOTE WN gloss suggests onlt a voice recording, but this type is for recording data of any kind: sound, video, teperature, wind speed, still pictures taken at intervals or even only one still picture, etc. Includes but is broader than verb sense 2 of 'record' in WordNet (transitive and intransitive are not distinguished here): in WordNet: 2. (10) record, tape - (register electronically; 'They recorded her singing') WN noun 'recording': 2. (5) recording, transcription - (the act of making a record (especially an audio record); 'she watched the recording from a sound-proof booth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InformationRecordingDevice :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recording ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :InformationRequest-IBT :guid "705ecc38-5d38-11d6-8000-0050dac4bdee" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$InformationBearingThings whose information content is a request for information. An #$InformationRequest-IBT is the #$communicationToken in any act of #$RequestingInformation. This could include blank forms as well as filled-in forms or free style written requests. The content of a FIFA (freedom of information request' would be representred by this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingThing . :InformationScience :wnsense "IP1n", "informatics1n", "information processing1n", "information science1n" ; :wordnet "IP", "informatics", "information processing", "information science" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'information science' in WordNet: 1. information science, informatics, information processing, IP - (the sciences concerned with gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving, and classifying recorded information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nutritionist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :InformationStorageMedia :guid "bd58f21f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance that is used in information storage devices. NOTE: In CYC this is an Object! Cyc: Items which can have (but don't necessarily have) information stored onto them that can be retrieved later.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingThing, :SolidSubstance . :InformationStorageMediumObject :en "storage medium object" ; :wnsense "data-storage medium1n", "medium1n", "storage medium1n" ; :wordnet "data-storage medium", "medium", "storage medium" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InformationStorageMediumObject'' is a SolidObject that can be used to store ''Information'' and from which the stored information can be recovered, without destroying or depleting the stored information - thus they can be reused to recover the same information multiple times in different places. NOTE: this is just the Object that can store information, which may be 'blank'. This includes, e.g. tapes, phonograph records, CD's and DVDs and thumb drives and magnetic disk drives, whether or not they have any information on them. For such an object that has information stored on it, use ''StoredInformationArtifact''. Corresponds approximately to *part of* noun sense 1 of 'medium' (see also ''MediumOfCommunication'' for 'The Media') in WordNet: 1. (5) medium - (a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information) WN noun 'storage medium': 1. storage medium, data-storage medium - (a medium for storing information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageEntity, :UsefulSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaRecord ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoringInformation ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationStorageMedia ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :InformationStore :guid "beefff28-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: A specialization of #$PartiallyIntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$InformationStore is a tangible or intangible, concrete or abstract repository of information. The information stored in an information store is stored there as a consequence of the actions of one or more agents. Wholly intangible instances of #$InformationStore include instances of #$AspatialInformationStore and #$PropositionalInformationThing. Some instances of #$InformationStore - namely, instances of #$InformationBearingObject, such as copies of a newspaper at a newsstand - are only partially intangible.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingThing . :InformationTransferEvent :guid "bd589f07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer. Each instance of #$InformationTransferEvent is an event in which information is transferred from a source (#$informationOrigin) to one or more destinations (#$informationDestination), where the source and the various destinations are either intelligent agents or #$InformationBearingThings (IBTs). Examples include reading a book (transfer of information from the book to the reader), saying something to someone (transfer of information from the speaker to the listener), machine translation (transfer of information from an encoded IBT in the source language to an encoded IBT in the target language), OCR scanning (transfer of information from a visual information source to another IBT in a different format), carving initials in a tree (transfer of information from an agent to an IBT), and making a speech (transfer of information from an agent to other agents). See also the specialization #$InformationTransferPhysicalEvent. NOTE that information can be transferred from a person's mind to a piece of paper, so the destination of the transfer does not have to be an IntelligentAgent, and an InformationTransfer does not have to be a 'Communication'. COSMO note; why is information transfer not always a PhysicalEvent in Cyc see 'InformationTransferPhysicalEvent'? Perhaps so that spirit communication can be included? NOTE also that in COSMO the 'origin' need not be an 'information bearing thing' in the sense of having some kind of abstract information encoded, this very abstract broad Event can be used for any act of ''Observing'' in which an agent or any machine (even as simple as a thermostat) detects something in the real world and reacts to it in some way. See the subtype 'Observing'. In SUMO the approximate equivalent of 'ContentBearingProcess'. SUMO: ('ContentBearingProcess') Any Process, for example ManualHumanLanguage, which may contain a Proposition.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalReferringThing, :GivingSomethingAbstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InformationObject :InformationType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ] . :InformationTransferEvent-Electronic :en "electronic information transfer" ; :enn "electronic information transfer" ; :guid "c14bfca1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which information is transferred electronically. Examples include all instances of #$TelephoneConversation, #$EMailSending, and #$PuttingUpAWebsite. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent . :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent :guid "bee71784-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InformationTransferEvent (q.v.) and #$PhysicalEvent each instance of which involves at least one #$PartiallyTangible, either as its source (see #$informationOrigin), as (at least one of) its destination(s) (see #$informationDestination), or both. (A partially tangible source or destination, note, must pre-exist the transfer event.) Indeed, most if not all actual information transfer events are physical events; but #$InformationTransferPhysicalEvent does in principle exclude those such as telepathic communications between disembodied spirits or other #$Agent-Intangibles. NOTE: as a PhysicalEvent, this creates an IBO. NOTE: in SUMO, all 'Communication' Events appear to be intended as physical, we leave 'Communication' in COSMO as more general, to include spirits communicating. NOTE that this event is categorized as a SocialOccurrence even though it may be carried out on both ends by machines, because at this time (2007) all communicating machines do so as automatic agents of people.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :Event, :IBOCreation . :InformationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InformationType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Information' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :Informative :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Informing ; :wnsense "enlightening1adj", "illuminating1adj", "informative1adj", "informative2adj", "informative3adj", "informatory1adj", "instructive1adj" ; :wordnet "enlightening", "illuminating", "informative", "informatory", "instructive" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'informative' in WordNet: 1. enlightening, informative, illuminating - (tending to increase knowledge or dissipate ignorance; 'an enlightening glimpse of government in action'; 'an illuminating lecture') 2. instructive, informative - (serving to instruct of enlighten or inform) 3. informative, informatory - (providing or conveying information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Useful . :Informed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Informing ; :wnsense "informed1adj" ; :wordnet "informed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'informed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) informed - (having much knowledge or education; 'an informed public'; 'informed opinion'; 'the informed customer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Informing :guid "bd589e02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "inform" ; :wnsense "inform1v", "informing2n", "making known1n" ; :wordnet "inform", "informing", "making known" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that ''Informing'' is the transmission of information. The information is not necessarily true. CYC: A #$FirstOrderCollection. Each instance of #$Informing is a #$CommunicationAct-Single in which the #$senderOfInfo conveys some piece of 'propositional' information - i.e. information of the sort that can be true or false. The information conveyed in an #$Informing is presented by the sender as being true, though it may in fact be false. Thus, passing on misinformation counts as #$Informing, as do acts of #$Lying. Note that the propositional nature of the information conveyed in an #$Informing may be implicit; for example, if Alice asks 'What's your favorite color?' and Bob simply responds 'Red', Bob has implicitly conveyed the proposition Bob's favorite color is red. Specializations of #$Informing include #$Reporting, #$Testifying, and #$AnnouncingSomething. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'inform' in WordNet: 1. (46) inform - (impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to; 'I informed him of his rights') WN noun 'informing': 2. informing, making known - (a speech act that conveys information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :ConveyingInformation, :IBTGeneration, :InformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LinguisticAssertion :InformationType ) ] ] . :InfraredRadiation :guid "c0f47b2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "infrared emission1n", "infrared light1n", "infrared radiation1n", "infrared2n" ; :wordnet "infrared", "infrared emission", "infrared light", "infrared radiation" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events; a subset of #$ElectromagneticRadiation. Each element of #$InfraredRadiation is an instance of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from approximately 7X10^5 centimeters (7000 #$Angstrom) to .01 centimeters (1X10^6 #$Angstrom), and a frequency of approximately 3X10^12 #$Hertz to 4.3X10^14 #$Hertz. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infrared radiation' in WordNet: 1. (1) infrared, infrared light, infrared radiation, infrared emission - (electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlackLight, :ElectromagneticRadiationEvent . :InfrastructureProduct :en "infrastructure product" ; :enn "infrastructure product" ; :guid "be8139ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "base16n", "infrastructure1n", "infrastructure2n", "substructure1n" ; :wordnet "base", "infrastructure", "substructure" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of products which add directly to the infrastructure of some place. For a small region it can include some of those things. For a region, this includes the roads, bridges, port facilities, water, electrical and plumbing supplies. Corresponds to noun sense 2 with part (physical stuff) of sense 1 of 'infrastructure' in WordNet: 1. infrastructure, substructure - (the basic structure or features of a system or organization) 2. infrastructure, base - (the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area; 'the industrial base of Japan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :Resource . :Infrequent :ldoce "rare" ; :wnsense "infrequent1adj", "rare2adj" ; :wordnet "infrequent", "rare" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Infrequent' is a property of Events that occur fewer times in any given TimeInterval than is typical for the type of Event that is the basis for comparison. there is no clear absolute standard of 'infrequent', but events that occur on or are easily visible from Earth less than once every five years can be called 'Infrequent' in an absolute sense. Events that occur more frequently may be relatively 'Infrequent'. Events that occur only at even longer intervals are categorized as 'Rare', a subtype. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'infrequent' and sense 2 of 'rare' in WordNet: WN 'infrequent': 1. (2) infrequent - (not frequent; not occurring regularly or at short intervals; 'infrequent outbursts of temper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrequencyAttributeValue, :Unusual . :InfringingARule :en "run afoul of" ; :wnsense "breach1v", "break13v", "break6v", "contravene1v", "go against1v", "go against2v", "infract1v", "infringe1v", "offend2v", "run afoul1v", "transgress1v", "violate1v", "violate2v" ; :wordnet "breach", "break", "contravene", "go against", "infract", "infringe", "offend", "run afoul", "transgress", "violate" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'InfringingARule' is any Action that an individual or collective Agent takes that violates some rule - whether merely social, legal, or moral. See also 'Sinful' for sins. And 'IllegalAction' for crimes etc. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'infringe', sense 2 of 'offend', sense 2 of 'violate' and includes sense 1 of 'violate' in WordNet: WN verb 'infringe' 1. conflict, run afoul, infringe, contravene - (go against, as of rules and laws; 'He ran afoul of the law'; 'This behavior conflicts with our rules') WN verb 'offend' 2. transgress, offend, infract, violate, go against, breach, break - (act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises; 'offend all laws of humanity'; 'violate the basic laws or human civilization'; 'break a law'; 'break a promise') WN verb 'violate' 1. (8) violate, go against, break - (fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns; 'This sentence violates the rules of syntax') 2. (5) transgress, offend, infract, violate, go against, breach, break - (act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises; 'offend all laws of humanity'; 'violate the basic laws or human civilization'; 'break a law'; 'break a promise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgainstSomeRule ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :violatesRule ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Rule :PropositionType ) ] ] . :Infusing-Medical :wnsense "infuse5v" ; :wordnet "infuse" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Infusing'' is to transer a liquid from some reservoir (e.g. bottle or plastic bag, or in the case of direct transfusions, from the body of another Person) into something,usually the body of a Person, possibly another type of animal. This is usually but not necessarily done for therapuetic purposes, but could be for anaesthesia or use of a recreational drug. This requires, in addition to the ''HypodermicNeedle'', a flexible tube and a container with the liquid being infused. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'infuse' in WordNet: 5. infuse - (introduce into the body through a vein, for therapeutic purposes; \"Some physiologists infuses sugar solutions into the veins of animals\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InjectingOrInfusing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HypodermicNeedle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBody ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :InfusingaLiquid a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InfusingaLiquid'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InjectingOrInfusing, :TherapeuticProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HypodermicNeedle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MedicalCareProvider ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Infusion :wnsense "extract1n", "infusion1n" ; :wordnet "extract", "infusion" ; a :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'infusion' in WordNet: 1. infusion, extract - (a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steeping ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Ingenious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :ArtifactObject, :Plan ; :wnsense "clever4adj", "cunning3adj", "ingenious3adj" ; :wordnet "clever", "cunning", "ingenious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue applied to **objects or actions** - NOT to people - that show evidence of cleverness in their design or performance; see 'Clever' for the Intelligence attribute that is evidenced by an 'Ingenious' thing. @ToDo: For a CL-compliant application, this attribute value needs a consistency check to be sure it is not applied to people. This corresponds to sense 3 of 'ingenious' in WordNet: 3. clever, cunning, ingenious - (showing inventiveness and skill; 'a clever gadget'; 'the cunning maneuvers leading to his success'; 'an ingenious solution to the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resourceful . :Ingenuity :wnsense "cleverness1n", "ingeniousness1n", "ingenuity1n", "inventiveness1n" ; :wordnet "cleverness", "ingeniousness", "ingenuity", "inventiveness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ingenuity'' has a lot of conceptual overlap with ''Cleverness'' - only reated in COSMO via the attributes which are subtypes of ''Resourceful'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ingenuity' in Wordnet: 1. inventiveness, ingeniousness, ingenuity, cleverness - (the power of creative imagination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creativity, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ingenious ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Ingesting :en "ingesting" ; :guid "bd5888eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "consume2v", "have6v", "ingest1v" ; :wordnet "consume", "have", "ingest", "take in" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BiologicalIntakeEvent. Each instance of #$Ingesting is a complex process in which a thing is brought into some organism's mouth from the outside, is swallowed, and is moved to the organism's stomach. Every instance of #$Ingesting has among its #$subEvents an instance of #$Swallowing which occurs after the intake (thus, although a particular chewing of gum is a #$BiologicalIntakeEvent, it is not an #$Ingesting unless the gum is swallowed.) An ingesting event ends when the ingested stuff reaches the ingester's stomach (where an instance of #$DigestionEvent begins, provided that what was ingested is an instance of #$EdibleStuff). COSMO note: Ingesting includes taking in a DrugSubstance by any means, orally, by injection, by skin absorption, by inhalation, etc. SUMO: The Process by which Food is taken into an Animal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ingest' in Wordnet: 1. (2) consume, ingest, take in, take, have - (serve oneself to, or consume regularly; 'Have another bowl of chicken soup!'; 'I don't take sugar in my coffee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :BiologicalIntakeEvent, :ConsumingSomething, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadIngestedSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :IngestingMedication :en "ingesting medication", "ingesting medicine", "taking medicine" ; :enn "ingesting medication", "ingesting medicine", "taking medicine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IngestingMedication'' is a subtype of ''Ingesting'' in which the thing ingested is a ''DrugProduct''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ingesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugProduct ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :IngestingPoison a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''Ingesting'' in which the thing ingested is a ''Poison''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ingesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flea ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :IngestingaNarcotic :en "ingesting a narcotic", "ingesting a narcotic drug", "ingesting narcotics", "taking drugs" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IngestingaNarcotic'' is a subtype of ''Ingesting'' in which the thing ingested is a ''NarcoticDrug''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ingesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NarcoticDrug ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :Ingot :wnsense "block of metal1n", "ingot1n", "metal bar1n" ; :wordnet "block of metal", "ingot", "metal bar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is usually less than 100 pounds (for precious metals), therefore a ''PortableObject''. However, it can be heavier,when it is a 'pig' (as in pig iron) but still is portable, perhaps needing a machine or a lift from Arnold Schwarzenegger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ingot' in WordNet: 1. ingot, metal bar, block of metal - (metal that is cast in the shape of a block for convenient handling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarOfStuff, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ] . :Ingratitude :guid "bd58b1f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ingratitude1n" ; :wordnet "ingratitude" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Feeling of one that shows poor return for kindness received. Ungratefulness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ingratitude' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ingratitude, ungratefulness - (a lack of gratitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gratitude ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Ingredient :wnsense "ingredient1n" ; :wordnet "ingredient" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Ingredient'' is any one of the component substances of a mixture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ingredient' in WordNet: 1. (5) ingredient - (a component of a mixture or compound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Component, :GenericSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Mixture ] . :InguinalHernia :wnsense "inguinal hernia1n" ; :wordnet "inguinal hernia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inguinal hernia' in WordNet: 1. inguinal hernia - (hernia in which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hernia, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MalePerson ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ] . :Inhabitant :wnsense "dweller1n", "habitant1n", "indweller2n", "inhabitant1n" ; :wordnet "dweller", "habitant", "indweller", "inhabitant" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Inhabitant'' is some ''Animal'' (Including people, for which use subtype ''Resident'') that lives mostly in some ''Place''. WN glosses seem to have both 'inhabitant' and 'resident' for people, but RHW includes 'animals' in the definition of ''inhabitant', so we have a ''Resident'' as a Human subtype of ''Inhabitant'', which actually is implied by the parent/subtype relation of the two in WN. RHW: a person or animal that inhabits a place, esp. as a permanent resident. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inhabitant' in WordNet: 1. (4) inhabitant, habitant, dweller, denizen, indweller - (a person who inhabits a particular place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeopoliticalEntity :Place :LocationType ) ] ] . :Inhabited :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :HavingAnimalsInside ; :isTheOppositeOf :Empty ; :wnsense "inhabited1adj" ; :wordnet "inhabited" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Places or Objects that have some living animal (including people) inside.. For people, use ''Populated'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inhabited' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inhabited - (having inhabitants; lived in; 'the inhabited regions of the earth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InhabitingTheLand :en "inhabiting the land" ; :enn "inhabiting the land" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InhabitingTheLand'' is a 'DwellingSomewhere' in which some type of ''Organism' has a 'habitat' of dry ground; i.e. that ''Organism'' spends most of its time on land. Such ''Organism''s are represented as ''TerrestrialOrganism''s. A ''Bird'' (other than perhaps the Albatross) is considered Terrestrial in this categorization, as they nest on land, or on some Plant on land. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DwellingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TerrestrialOrganism ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TerrestrialOrganism ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandArea ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Inhaler :wnsense "inhalator2n", "inhaler1n" ; :wordnet "inhalator", "inhaler" ; a :ContainerType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Inhaler'' is an ''Atomizer'' used to create a 'Mist'' of a solution of a DrugSubstance that can be inhaled to relieve some medical condition (not just nasal congestion). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inhaler' in WordNet: 1. inhaler, inhalator - (a dispenser that produces a chemical vapor to be inhaled in order to relieve nasal congestion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atomizer, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugSubstance ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mist ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :Inhaling :en "breathing in", "inhaling" ; :guid "bd58f34d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "breath" ; :wnsense "breath1n", "breathe in1v", "inhale2v" ; :wordnet "breath", "breathe in", "inhale" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PassingThroughPortal and #$BiologicalIntakeEvent. Each instance of #$Inhaling is a bodily event in which an animal takes air in through an appropriate portal (e.g., its mouth or nose) and passes it into its lungs. Each instance of #$Breathing (q.v.) has an instance of #$Inhaling as a sub-event. NOTE that this can cover a voluntary or involuntary breathing in- for the specifically involuntary process of inhaling, use 'Inhaling-BreathingIn'. @ToDo: is inhaling a subevent of breathing? or a subtype? SUMO: Any instance of Breathing where the breath is taken into the Lungs. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'inhale' and noun sense 1 of 'breath' (,as in 'take a deep breath') and sense 1 of 'breathe in' in WordNet: WN verb 'inhale': 2. inhale, inspire, breathe in - (draw in (air); 'Inhale deeply'; 'inhale the fresh mountain air'; 'The patient has trouble inspiring'; 'The lung cancer patient cannot inspire air very well') WN noun 'breath': 1. (15) breath - (the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing; 'he took a deep breath and dived into the pool'; 'he was fighting to his last breath') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalIntakeEvent, :BodilyFunctionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirRespiration ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breathing ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Inhaling-BreathingIn :en "involuntary inhalation" ; :guid "c0989eff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The typically involuntary portion of the breathing process in which air enters the lungs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inhaling . :Inherent :wnsense "constitutional4adj", "inherent1adj" ; :wordnet "constitutional", "inherent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inherent'' is an AttributeValue signifying that the entity characterized 'inheres' in the thing that it is part of. This usually describes the inhering qualities of certain systems or objects, including people. Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'inherent' (refering to qualties) in WordNet: 1. (2) built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, inherent, integral - (existing as an essential constituent or characteristic; 'the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity'; 'a constitutional inability to tell the truth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Internal . :InheritableType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """InheritableType is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class which is used to identify those metatypes which, when specified as the parent Type for some class (Type) in the ontology, will also by implication be the parent Type for all subtypes of any Type explicitly designated as an instance of any subtype of 'InheritableType'. This is a primitive mechanism to permit translation of this ontology among various formats, while permitting the use of reasoning engines which require that arguments to relations, if restricted as to Type, be instances of some specified Type. There are some ontologies, such as SUMO, using first-order logic, which permit one to specify that an argument to a relation must be a *subtype* of some Type in the ontology, rather than an *instance* of some Type. OWL and some other reasoning engines do not permit that kind of restriction. For convenience, to allow this ontology to be used in multiple reasoning engines and to be automatically translated into multiple formats, this metatype is provided and so that one can avoid having to specify the metatype instance of every Type that is to be used as an argument to a relation. When using this ontology in an inference engine that requires explicit types, it will be necessary to add the InheritableType as a Type of each subtype of any Type that is specified to be an instance of such an inheritable type. That addition will have to be one in a preprocessing stage before using that inference engine. An axiom may be added to an ontology using FOL to specify that all subtypes of a Type ?T that is an instance of an InheritableType ?MT will also be instances of that InheritableType: (=> (and (isanInstanceOf ?T ?MT) (isaSubclassOf ?MT InheritableType)) (forall (?ST) (=> (isaSubclassOf ?ST ?T) (isanInstanceOf ?ST ?MT)))) This axiom will permit the ontologist to avoid specifying the metatype for every subtype of the root type of that Type tree, in those ontology implementations that can use FOL. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Class . :Inheritance :wnsense "heritage3n", "inheritance2n", "legacy1n" ; :wordnet "heritage", "inheritance", "legacy" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Asset''s received by one LegalAgent (the ''Heir'') as a result of the Death of some Person. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inheritance' and sense 1 of 'legacy' in WordNet: 2. inheritance, heritage - (that which is inherited; a title or property or estate that passes by law to the heir on the death of the owner) WN noun 'legacy': 1. (1) bequest, legacy - ((law) a gift of personal property by will) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asset, :Gift, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Valuable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InheritingProperty ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Heir ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Heir ] . :InheritingGenes :wnsense "heredity1n", "inherit3v", "inheritance3n" ; :wordnet "heredity", "inherit", "inheritance" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InheritingGenes'' is an Event in which one Organism receives some ''Gene''s from another Organism due to a ''BiologicalReproductionEvent''. The ''Genes'' inherited are copies (relatively faithful, possibly with mutations) of the ''Gene''s in the parent Organism. Corresponds to noun sese 1 of'heredity' in RHW: 1. the transmission of genetic characters from parents to offspring: it is dependent upon the segregation and recombination of genes during meiosis and fertilization and results in the genesis of a new individual similar to others of its kind but exhibiting certain variations resulting from the particular mix of genes and their interactions with the environment. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'inherit' and noun sense 1 of 'heredity' and noun sense 3 of 'inheritance' (interpreted as the process) in WordNet: 3. inherit - (receive by genetic transmission; 'I inherited my good eyesight from my mother') WN noun ;heredity;: 1. (2) heredity - (the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next) WN noun 'inheritance': 3. inheritance, hereditary pattern - ((genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from the parents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalReplication, :IBTGeneration-Replication, :InheritingSomething . :InheritingProperty :en "inheriting" ; :wnsense "inherit1v" ; :wordnet "inherit" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Receiving (by some ''LegalAgent'') some ''Asset''s as a result of the Death of another Person who has 'bequeathed' that property to the recipien agent. **NOTE** that the LegalAgent 'performing' this action is the recipient (heir). In this case ''Heir'' can be an Organization (@ToDo: needs review??). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'inherit' in WordNet: 1. (14) inherit, come into - (obtain from someone after their death; 'I inherited a castle from my French grandparents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :ChangeOfPossession, :GainingControl, :InheritingSomething, :Obtaining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeathOfaPerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Inheritance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heir ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Heir ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inheritance ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heir ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bequeathing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :InheritingSomething :wnsense "inherit1v" ; :wordnet "inherit" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'InheritingSomething' is a broad type of Event in which some entity (physical or abstract) receives something from something else in a manner that does not involve any action on the part of either the giver or receiver at the time the receivnign is done. For example, in inheritance by death, any action on the part of the giver (if any) precedes the death. This includes abstract senses such as types in an ontology inheriting properties from ancestor types, as well as genetic inheritance and inheritance of problems when taking on a new position. As of rev941 there are no subtypes to this type; when subtypes are created, this general type may be broken into several disjoint types. Includes but is not limited to all three sense of 'inherit' from in WordNet: 1. (14) inherit, come into - (obtain from someone after their death; 'I inherited a castle from my French grandparents') 2. inherit - (receive from a predecessor; 'The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair') 3. inherit - (receive by genetic transmission; 'I inherited my good eyesight from my mother') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Receiving . :InhibitingAnAction :wnsense "inhibit2v" ; :wordnet "inhibit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InhibitingAnAction'' is a 'Reduction' in which the thing reduced is the intensity, rate, or frequency of some kind of Action. This is broad, and the limiting case would be prevention of an action. Includes but is broader than verb sense 2 of 'inhibit' in WordNet: 2. (1) inhibit - (limit the range or extent of; \"Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :RateMeasure :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :RateMeasure :ActionType ) ] ] . :InhibitingaBiochemicalReaction :wnsense "inhibit2v", "inhibition3n" ; :wordnet "inhibit", "inhibition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess'' is an 'Effect'' on the Physiological functions of some Organism that is caused by an ''Inhibitor'' There is no sense of 'inhibit' or 'inhibition' in WN close to this concept: Closest verb sense 1 of 'inhibit' in WordNet: 2. (1) inhibit - (limit the range or extent of; 'Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs') WN noun 'inhibition': 3. inhibition - ((physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part; 'the inhibition of the heart by the vagus nerve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InhibitingaChemicalReaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom :BiochemicalReactionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Inhibitor :ChemicalSubstanceType ) ] ] . :InhibitingaChemicalReaction :wnsense "inhibit2v", "inhibition3n" ; :wordnet "inhibit", "inhibition" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''InhibitingaChemicalreaction'' is a ''BlockingAction'' that is caused by an ''Inhibitor'' or by some other physical force, such as low temperature, light, or other physical phenomena that can This is a ''DecreaseEvent'' because it causes a decease in the *rate* of some ChemicalReaction. This can be either a ''InhibitingActio;, merely decreasing a rate, or a complete blocking. There is no sense of 'inhibit' or 'inhibition' in WN close to this concept: Closest verb sense 1 of 'inhibit' in WordNet: 2. (1) inhibit - (limit the range or extent of; 'Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs') WN noun 'inhibition': 3. inhibition - ((physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part; 'the inhibition of the heart by the vagus nerve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingAction, :DecreaseEvent, :InhibitingAnAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChemicalReactionType ] . :InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''InhibitingaPhysiologicalProcess'' is an 'Effect'' on the Physiological functions of some Organism.that is caused by an ''Inhibitor'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InhibitingaBiochemicalReaction, :PhysiologicalEffect . :Inhibitor :wnsense "inhibitor1n" ; :wordnet "inhibitor" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Inhibitor' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that inhibition or retardation of some action, such as a chemical or biochemical reaction. Most drugs are inhibitors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Inhibitor' in WordNet: 1. inhibitor - (a substance that retards or stops an activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :Initial :contrastsWith :Eventual, :Final, :Intermediate ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :wnsense "initial1adj" ; :wordnet "initial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Initial'' is an attribute of some Event in a series of events, specifying that its *starting* time was the earliest in time of that series. Others may subsequently start and co-occur with the the first. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'initial' in WordNet: 1. (21) initial - (occurring at the beginning; 'took the initial step toward reconciliation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FirstOfaSeries . :InitialEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''InitialEvent'' is the first (''Initial'') ''Event'' in some ''EventSeries''. This means that the starting time of this Event occurs before the starting time of other Events in the Series, but does not otherwise restrict what other kinds or number of Events may occur in the Series. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheFirstElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventSeries ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Initial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChronologicalSequence ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :InitialingSomething :wnsense "initial1v" ; :wordnet "initial" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InitialingSomething'' is a type of ''SigningSomething'' which is the act of writing one's ''Initials'' in text on some surface - usually paper,but it could be any surface. An informal way of ''SigningSomething'' that ay also have legal force. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'initial' in WordNet: 1. initial - (mark with one's initials) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SigningSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Initials ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Initials :en "initials" ; :wnsense "initial1n" ; :wordnet "initial" ; a :LexicalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Initials'' is an ''Abbreviation'' for a Person's name, consisting of the first letters of a two or three word name. WN only has the singular entry, though it can be accessed by entering the plural form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'initial' in WordNet: 1. (1) initial - (the first letter of a word (especially a person's name); 'he refused to put the initials FRS after his name') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abbreviation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Name ] . :InitiatingAnOralConversation :en "initiating a conversation" ; :env "initiating a conversation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContactingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OralConversation ; owl:onProperty :starts ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :InitiationCeremony :wnsense "induct1v", "induction1n", "initiation1n", "installation3n", "invest5v", "seat3v" ; :wordnet "induct", "induction", "initiation", "installation", "invest", "seat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'initiation' in WordNet: 1. (2) initiation, induction, installation - (a formal entry into an organization or position or office; 'his initiation into the club'; 'he was ordered to report for induction into the army'; 'he gave a speech as part of his installation into the hall of fame') WN verb 'induct': 1. (3) induct, invest, seat - (place ceremoniously or formally in an office or position; 'there was a ceremony to induct the president of the Academy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceremony, :InitiationRitual . :InitiationRitual :en "initiation ritual" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InitiationRitual'' is ''RiteOfPassage'' (a custom) in certain organizations in which a new member of the organization performs or experiences certain actions before being formally admitted to membership. In some cases (as in fraternities) the preliminary actions take the form of ''Hazing'', which is a form of ''Harassment'' that may include doing or experiencing humiliating events. NOTE: this includes as subtype the ''InitiationCeremony'' which is the final (and sometimes only) phase of the process of becoming a member of a group. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RiteOfPassage . :Initiative :en "get up and go", "get-up-and-go" ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :SelfStarting ; :wnsense "enterprise3n", "enterprisingness1n", "go-ahead2n", "initiative1n" ; :wordnet "enterprise", "enterprisingness", "go-ahead", "initiative" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Initiative'' is a ''PersonalityTrait'' that is a subtype of ''SelfConfidence'' that encourages people to begin a project or task without compulsion or prompting from others. Tends to be the one to take the first action (to 'take the initiative') in a task. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'initiative' in WordNet: 1. (5) enterprise, enterprisingness, initiative, go-ahead - (readiness to embark on bold new ventures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelfConfidence . :Injecting :en "injecting", "injecting a liquid", "injecting with a hypodermic needle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Injecting a liquid into something from a HypodermicSringe.. (give an injection to; """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InjectingOrInfusing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HypodermicSyringe ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HypodermicNeedle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Injecting-Intramuscular :guid "bd65c2fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "intramuscular injection1n" ; :wordnet "intramuscular injection" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Injecting a fluid, usually containing a drug, into muscle tissue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intramuscular injection' in WordNet: 1. intramuscular injection - (an injection into a muscle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Muscle ; owl:onProperty :isIntoInteriorOf ] . :Injecting-Intrathecal :en "intrathecal injection" ; :guid "bd650fcf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Injecting a fluid, usually containing a drug, into the spinal canal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injecting . :Injecting-Intravenous :guid "bd5b6976-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "intravenous injection1n" ; :wordnet "intravenous injection" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Injecting a fluid, usually containing a drug, into a vein. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intravenous injection' in WordNet: 1. intravenous injection - (an injection into a vein) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vein ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intravenous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Injecting-Subcutaneous :guid "bd5d1e58-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "subcutaneous injection1n" ; :wordnet "subcutaneous injection" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Injecting a fluid, usually containing a drug, beneath the skin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subcutaneous injection' in WordNet: 1. subcutaneous injection - (an injection under the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injecting . :InjectingOrInfusing :en "injecting" ; :guid "bd5888e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "injection", "shot" ; :wnsense "inject1v", "injection3n", "shoot20v", "shot5n" ; :wordnet "inject", "injection", "shoot", "shot" ; a :MotionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """InjectingOrInfusing is the Action of transferring some Liquid from a reservoir (hypodermic syringe or bag or bottle (for infusing) into the body of an Animal. The subtypes 'Injecting' and 'Infusing' differentiate whether or not a ''HypodermicSyringe'' is used. NOTE that it is possible to define a broader parent of 'injecting' using a hypodermic needle, if one wants to describe injecting gases (e.g. Air) into something, or to withdraw a quantity of medication from a bottle with a septum on top, or other things. Not yet added. CYC 'Injecting-Medical': Taking a hypodermic syringe with needle attached, puncturing skin, injecting substance into #$objectActedOn. This could be either an injection that takes only a few moments, or it could be an infusion where fluid is introduced into the body over a longer period of time. When done by a medical care provider, injections are usually done to treat a patient, but could be for diagnostic reasons. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'shot' and noun sense 3 of 'injection' in WordNet: 5. (114) injection, shot - (the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe; 'the nurse gave him a flu shot') WN verb 'inject': 1. (4) inject, shoot - (give an injection to; 'We injected the glucose into the patient's vein') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :FluidFlowEvent, :Inserting, :PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HypodermicNeedle ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isIntoInteriorOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GettingAnInjection ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Injunction :wnsense "cease and desist order1n", "enjoining1n", "enjoinment1n", "injunction2n" ; :wordnet "cease and desist order", "enjoining", "enjoinment", "injunction" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Injunction'' is a 'JudicialOrder' forbidding someone to do something. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'injunction' in WordNet: 2. injunction, enjoining, enjoinment, cease and desist order - ((law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity; 'injunction were formerly obtained by writ but now by a judicial order') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JudicialOrder, :Prohibition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :JudicialDecision ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judicial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoining ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Injured :guid "89cb3406-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving :Injury-Object ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :InjuryCondition ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :InjuryCondition ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :IncurringAnInjury ; :wnsense "injured1adj" ; :wordnet "injured" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Injured'' is the attribute of an Organism that has become harmed as a result of ''HarmingAnAgent'' or ''IncurringAnInjury'. @mod63 COSMO note: in Cyc Injured is an animal with an injury, but in COSMO it is an Attribute. Cyc: Having some unspecified injury. This makes it easier to state that someone is injured without saying '#$thereExists some instance of Injury which they have', which will bogusly skolemize a injury. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'injured' in Wordnet: 1. (7) injured - (usually used of physical or mental injury to persons; 'injured soldiers'; 'injured feelings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abnormal, :Harmed, :PastParticiple . :Injuring :wnsense "injure1v" ; :wordnet "injure" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Injuring'' is a ''PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent'' performed by some Agent (not necesarily an Animal) that causes an injury in the Animal affected. WN does not distinguish injure' and 'wound'; this is the more generic 'injure' and to 'wound' is the subtype 'Wounding''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'wound' in WordNet: 1. (5) injure, wound - (cause injuries or bodily harm to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Injury-Object ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncurringAnInjury ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Injurious :isMoreIntenseThan :Harmful ; :isTheOppositeOf :Harmless ; :wnsense "harmful1adj", "harmful2adj", "harmful6adj", "injurious1adj", "injurious2adj" ; :wordnet "harmful", "injurious" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of Events or Objects that have caused or are likely to cause substantial Damage to objects, or to animals. NOTE that there are two differences between 'Injurious' and its more general AttributeValue,'Harmful' - 'Injurious' applies only to physical damage to objects (including animals) or serious psychological damage to people, while .'Harmful' also includes the ability to impede achieving an agent's goals. 'Injurious' is also intended to represent a more emphatic degree of harmfulness than merely 'harmful'. This includes senses 1, 2, and 6 of 'harmful' and senses 1 and 2 of 'injurious' in WordNet: WN 'injurious' 1. deleterious, hurtful, injurious - (harmful to living things; 'deleterious chemical additives') 2. evil, harmful, injurious - (tending to cause great harm) WN 'harmful' 1. (1) noxious, harmful - (injurious to physical or mental health; 'noxious chemical wastes'; 'noxious ideas') 2. (1) harmful - (able or likely to do harm) 'too much sun is harmful to the skin'; 'harmful effects of smoking') 6. evil, harmful, injurious - (tending to cause great harm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmful . :Injury-Object :guid "c0fd651e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "harm1n", "hurt1n", "injury1n", "trauma1n" ; :wordnet "harm", "hurt", "injury", "trauma" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The part of the body which is abnormal due to an injury. 'Injury' is broadly interpeted: a strained muscle can be an injury. See also the subtype 'Ulcer-Object' This is an Object for purposes of phrases like 'show me your wound'. Cyc: Mechanical damage to (a portion of) the body. See #$IncurringAnInjury for the action of incurring an injury, and #$InjuryCondition for the condition of being injured. NOTE that 'InjuryCondition'' (being injured) is a different type and not directly represented in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'injury' in WordNet: 1. (13) injury, hurt, harm, trauma - (any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyRegion . :InjuryCondition :en "being injured", "suffering from an injury" ; :guid "bd6293ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The state of being injured. For getting an injury, use #$IncurringAnInjury. No injury state in WN - just the object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Injured ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Ink :guid "bd58a675-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ink" ; :wnsense "ink1n" ; :wordnet "ink" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that the 'ink' of a squid is not included in this sense - this is for artificial colored liquids, designed to be used for creating text or images by appying it to a surface. 'invisible ink' is not 'Ink' in this sense. 'Ink' is not colorless WordNet sense 1 of 'ink': in WordNet: 1. (2) ink - (a liquid used for printing or writing or drawing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :LiquidSubstance, :OpaqueSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DarklyColored ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pigment ] . :Inkling :wnsense "glimmer2n", "glimmering1n", "inkling1n", "intimation2n" ; :wordnet "glimmer", "glimmering", "inkling", "intimation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Inkling' is ''Thought'' about some topic, about which the thinker is uncertain because it is only suggested by some external stimulus or a vague suggestion from another person or by some intuitive process, rather than from some definitive assertion, oral or written. To say 'I have no inkling' means that the speaker has no knowledge about the topic raised or question asked, not even an ''Inkling''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inkling' in WordNet: 1. (1) inkling, intimation, glimmering, glimmer - (a slight suggestion or vague understanding; 'he had no inkling what was about to happen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thought, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Inkwell :guid "bdc964c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "inkstand1n", "inkwell1n" ; :wordnet "inkstand", "inkwell" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Inkwell'' is a small container used to contain ''Ink'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inkwell' in WordNet: 1. inkwell, inkstand - (a small well holding writing ink into which a pen can be dipped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :LiquidContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingByHand ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ink ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NibbedPen ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Inland :isTheOppositeOf :Coastal ; :pertainsTo :LandArea ; :wnsense "inland1adj" ; :wordnet "inland" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inland'' is the opposite of ''Coastal'', pertaining to ''LandArea''s that are not close to a ''Coast''. To specify a distance ''Inland'' will usually be interpreted as the distance from a ''Coast''. Grammatically that would be an adverb (see ''Inlandly''). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inland' in Wordnet: 1. inland - (situated away from an area's coast or border) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Inlandly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Inland ; :pertainsTo :LandArea ; :wnsense "inland1adv" ; :wordnet "inland" ; a :AdverbType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inlandly'' is the label representing the adverbial form of ''Inland'' (the actual English words of adjective and adverb are the same, this odd variant label avoids duplication of the spelling) Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'inland' in Wordnet: 1. inland - (towards or into the interior of a region; 'the town is five miles inland') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Inlet :wnsense "inlet1n", "recess3n" ; :wordnet "inlet", "recess" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Inlet'' is a BodyOfWater ''Shoreline'' of a land formation that is adjacent to some larger ''BodyOfWater'' - which is typically a ''Sea'' but could be a 'Lake''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inlet' in WordNet: 1. (3) inlet, recess - (an arm off of a larger body of water (often between rocky headlands)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, :OutdoorGeographicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoreline ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater-Large ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Sea :Lake ) ] ] . :Inmate :wnsense "inmate1n", "inmate2n", "inmate3n" ; :wordnet "inmate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a generic ''Inmate'' representing a person who is living in in some ResidentialInstitution Includes all three noun senses 1 of 'inmate' in WordNet: 1. (2) inmate - (one of several resident of a dwelling (especially someone confined to a prison or hospital)) 2. (1) inpatient, inmate - (a patient who is residing in the hospital where he is being treated) 3. (1) convict, con, inmate, jail bird, jailbird, gaolbird, yard bird, yardbird - (a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resident, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :residesIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Hospital :Prison :LocationType ) ] ] . :Inn :ldoce "hotel" ; :wnsense "hotel1n", "inn1n", "lodge6n" ; :wordnet "hotel", "inn", "lodge" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A building with lots of bedrooms, which people pay to use. For hotels with lots of rooms, use parent type 'Hotel'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inn' in WordNet: 1. (3) hostel, hostelry, inn, lodge, auberge - (a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HotelBuilding . :Innate :wnsense "congenital1adj", "inborn1adj", "innate2adj", "innate3adj" ; :wordnet "congenital", "inborn", "innate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Innate'' is an AttributeValue of qualities indicating that they were acquired at birth, whether by genetic iheritance or acquired in the womb. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'innate' in WordNet: 2. natural, born, innate - (being talented through inherited qualities; 'a natural leader'; 'a born musician'; 'an innate talent') 3. congenital, inborn, innate - (present at birth but not necessarily hereditary; acquired during fetal development) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inherent . :Innately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Innate ; :wnsense "inherently1adv", "innately1adv", "naturally2adv" ; :wordnet "inherently", "innately", "naturally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''innately'' in the sense of 'by nature', 'due to inborn qualities' is an adverb often used to modify a PastParticiple as well as other attributes. 'innately curious'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'innately' in WordNet: 1. innately - (in an innate manner; 'the child is said to be innately disposed to learn language') WN adv 'naturally': 2. (71) naturally, by nature - (through inherent nature; 'he was naturally lazy') WN adverb 'inherently': 1. inherently - (in an inherent manner; 'the subject matter is sexual activity of any overt kind, which is depicted as inherently desirable and exciting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Inner :isTheOppositeOf :Outer ; :wnsense "inner2adj", "inner6adj", "interior1adj" ; :wordnet "inner", "interior" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of the AttributeValue 'Internal', signifying that the entity characterized is not only not on the surface, but at or near to the center of the containing thing. This is a broad sense, including objects ('inner ear'), processes, and Events, and relating to the internal parts or functions of Objects, Organizations, and Groups ('inner council of the administration') Includes adjective senses 2 and 6 of 'inner' in WordNet: WN 'inner' 2. (5) inner - (located or occurring within or closer to a center; 'an inner room') 6. inner - (inside or closer to the inside of the body; 'the inner ear') WN 'interior' 4. interior - (inside and toward a center; \"interior regions of the earth\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Internal . :Inner-City :en "inner-city" ; :enadj "inner-city" ; :pertainsTo :InnerCity ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No Wn sense for adjective 'inner-city'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :InnerCity :wnsense "inner city1n" ; :wordnet "inner city" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InnerCity'' is a ''MiddleOfAnObject'' (rather than Region) because a ''CityArea'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' (the objects located in a city). This differs from parent type ''CityCenter'' in being ''Old''; a relatively new ''CityCenter'' or one mainly occupied by businesses would not be an instance. city center, city centre, central city Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inner city' in WordNet: 1. (2) inner city - (the older and more populated and (usually) poorer central section of a city) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityCenter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Old ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :InnerNuclearMembrane :guid "bdb263eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance is a #$LipidBilayer constituting the inner membrane of a #$NuclearEnvelope.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LipidBilayer . :Innings :wnsense "innings1n" ; :wordnet "innings" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Innings'' is a Group of ''BaseballInning''s within a single game. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BaseballInning ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Innocence :wnsense "innocence3n" ; :wordnet "innocence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Innocence' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) arising as a result of a Person having **not** committed some Action that was either a breach of some Rule or caused harm to something or someone. This is a SocialState, being a state that involves a Person's relations with the community, but is not always a SocialStatus because Innocence is independent of whether other people know that a Person is innocent of an Action - a Person may have Innocense while being perceived as Guilty. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'innocence' in WordNet: 3. innocence - (a state or condition of being innocent of a specific crime or offense; 'the trial established his innocence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialState . :Innocent :en "not guilty" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Innocence ; :isTheOppositeOf :Guilty ; :wnsense "guiltless1a", "innocent1adj" ; :wordnet "guiltless", "innocent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Innocent' is an attribute of people who are in the state of Innocence (of some particular act) due to **not** having performed some Action considered as an 'offence' (against some rule). The use of 'innocent child' overlaps with the gloss for ''Blameless'' Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'innocent' in WordNet: 1. (11) innocent, guiltless, clean-handed - (free from evil or guilt; 'an innocent child'; 'the principle that one is innocent until proved guilty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient, :SocialStatusAttribute . :Innovating :wnsense "innovate1v", "introduce2v" ; :wordnet "innovate", "introduce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Innovating'' is a form of ''Pioneering'' in which a Person creates something new that has not perviously been seen, done, or thought of - at least within the known world of that Person. For the type of ''Innovation'' that thinks up a new useful ''Device'' use ''InventingEvent''. This is broad and can be widely used for creating new ideas in science, art, business, or any other human endeavor. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'innovate' in WordNet: 1. (1) introduce, innovate - (bring something new to an environment; 'A new word processor was introduced') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pioneering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ; owl:someValuesFrom :NovelThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pioneer ] . :Innovative :en "pioneering" ; :enadj "pioneering" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Innovating ; :wnsense "groundbreaking1adj", "innovational1adj", "innovative2adj" ; :wordnet "groundbreaking", "innovational", "innovative" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Innovative'' is an attribute of a Person who performs ''Innovating''. To characterize the type of ''NovelThing'' that may be created in the process ofInnovating'',if it is 'advanced' in a technical sense, use ''Advanced-Modern''. NOTE: To be 'Creative' is not necessarily to be ''Innovative''. the difference is that being ''Creative'' only requires creation of things that are interesting or useful, even though those things may not be ''Novel-New''. Correspond to adjective sense 2 of'innovative' in WordNet: 2. innovative, innovational, groundbreaking - (being or producing something like nothing done or experienced or created before; 'stylistically innovative works'; 'innovative members of the artistic community'; 'a mind so innovational, so original') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creative . :Innovator :wnsense "groundbreaker1n", "innovator1n", "pioneer1n", "trailblazer2n" ; :wordnet "groundbreaker", "innovator", "pioneer", "trailblazer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Innovator'' is a ''Person'' who has performed the Action of ''Innovating'' at least once.. For one who creates an 'Invention'' for a living, use subtype ''Inventor''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'innovator' in WordNet (in COSMO it is notloimited to the things mentioned in the WN gloss): in WordNet: 1. pioneer, innovator, trailblazer, groundbreaker - (someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discoverer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Innovating ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Innovative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Inoculum :wnsense "inoculum1n" ; :wordnet "inoculum" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Here to complete level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.36). This is broader than the Wordnet sense, in that it includes any substance 'inoculated' into anything, whether animal, vegetable, or a growth medium (as in gowing bacteria in a flask or tank). Derived form senses 1,2, and 3 of 'inoculate' in RHW: 1. to implant (a disease agent or antigen) in a person, animal, or plant to produce a disease for study or to stimulate disease resistance. 2. to affect or treat (a person, animal, or plant) in this manner. 3. to introduce (microorganisms) into surroundings suited to their growth, as a culture medium. @vaccinating TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay\" @HealthCareEvent Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inoculum' in WordNet: 1. inoculant, inoculum - (a substance (a virus or toxin or immune serum) that is introduced into the body to produce or increase immunity to a particular disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole . :Inoperability a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inoperability'' is the ' ''PersistentState'' of some functional thing (natural or artifactual) that cannot perform its normal functioning, even at a reduced level (meaning that it is not just 'Malfunctioing' - working but at less than usual efficiency. This can be for, e.g. body organs, or for devices. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :DysfunctionalCondition, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FunctionalObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inoperable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Inoperable :wnsense "inoperable1adj", "nonfunctional2adj" ; :wordnet "inoperable", "nonfunctional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Inoperable is the attribute of a SelfPoweredDevice that is NonFunctional, because of some malfunctioning or missing component. The absence of main function must be due to some malfunction of a component that is not expendable, such as fuel or batteries. The absence of spark plugs in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine would make that vehicle 'NonFunctional'. An empty gasoline tank or dead battery would make it 'UnableToFunction'. A broken engine or generator (alternator) would make it 'Inoperable'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inoperable' and sense 2 of 'nonfunctional' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inoperable - (not able to perform its normal function) WN 'nonfunctional': 2. malfunctioning, nonfunctional - (not performing or able to perform its regular function; 'a malfunctioning valve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonFunctional . :InorganicChemical a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "." ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, :InorganicMaterial . :InorganicMaterial :en "inorganics" ; :guid "bd590a05-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In COSMO, this is a substance, not an object. There are some inorganic materials, such as carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride, that contain carbon. So carbon content is not the only criterion to distinguish organic from inorganic substances. Cyc: A specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$InorganicMaterial is a tangible thing wholly composed of one or more types of inorganic molecule. Instances of #$InorganicMaterial usually didn't originate as parts or products of living things. Notable specializations of #$InorganicMaterial include #$Mineral, #$Metal, and #$Glass. Sometimes called 'inorganics' in lab slang, as in 'pure oil with no inorganics'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateThing, :PhysicalSubstance, :SolidSubstance . :InorganicNitrates :en "inorganic nitrate" ; :enn "inorganic nitrate" ; :hasComponentSubstance :NitrateIon ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InorganicNitrates'' is a class of inorganic salts that has nitrate ions as the anions. This is not the anion itself. See ''NitrateIon''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, :Nitrate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NitrateIon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :InorganicSalt a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An inorganic substance that consists of ions rather than covalently bonded molecules.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicChemical, :Salt . :InorganicSodiumSalt a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An inorganic salt that has sodium ions as the cations. NOTE that sodium salts of organic acids are not included in this type.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt . :Inpatient :guid "bd9bad38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "inpatient1n" ; :wordnet "inpatient" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$MedicalPatients who spend at least one night in a #$Hospital for their current occasion of being a patient. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inpatient' in WordNet: 1. inpatient, inmate - (a patient who is residing in the hospital where he is being treated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalPatient, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StayingOvernightInaHospital ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Input :wnsense "input1n", "input3n" ; :wordnet "input" ; a :InputType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Input''is the Role of an Object or Substance or Event(?) (any kind of ''Resource'') that is the 'starting material' for some ''ProcessingSomething'' Event, and is itself changed into something else by the ''ProcessingSomething''. This is very general, and can be physical objects or substances for a physical transformation process, or Information (in any form) for an information processing Event (as in a computer) or for deciding. This is for the things that are actually *changed* in a ''Processing'' Event. These ''Input''s are related to the ''ProcessingSomething'' Event by the relation ''processes'' or by ''hasChangedEntity''. Other Resources that are used but not themselves converted into product in a ''ProcessingSomething'' can be related to the Event by the relation ''makesUseOf''. ((@rev1531 - still refining this concept \"ProcessingSomething\" #Processing\" \"isChangedByEvent\" object (not necessarily an ElectronicDevice) emits radio waves. Is used in (inv uses resource?) )) Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'input' in WordNet: 1. (3) input signal, input - (signal going into an electronic system) 3. input - (a component of production; something that goes into the production of output) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProcessingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProcessedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isChangedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProcessingSomething ] . :InputType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """InputType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for objects, whether abstract or physical, and an argument restriction for various relations on types of ''Input''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ResourceType . :Inputting :wnsense "input1v" ; :wordnet "input" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Inputting'' is a ''Stimulus'' that is an Action performed by some ''IntentionalAgent'' in order to cause some ''Response'' in a ''Device'' The WN gloss refers to 'data'- thistype is broader, and the subtype ''InputtingData' is close to the WN gloss. Includes verb sense 1 of 'input' in WordNet: 1. input - (enter (data or a program) into a computer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :Stimulus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeviceResponse ] . :InputtingData :wnsense "input1v" ; :wordnet "input" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''InputtingData'' is an ''Inputting'' that is an Action performed by some ''Person'' in order to cause storage of some ''Information'' in a ''Device'' or ''InformationBearingObject'' (this includes inputting onto a solid data storage medium such as paper,or tape). Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'input' in WordNet: 1. input - (enter (data or a program) into a computer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBOCreation, :Inputting, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeviceResponse ] . :Inquest :wnsense "inquest1n" ; :wordnet "inquest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inquest' in WordNet: 1. (1) inquest - (an inquiry into the cause of an unexpected death) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Autopsy, :Investigation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CauseOfDeath ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coroner ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :Inquirer :wnsense "asker1n", "enquirer1n", "inquirer1n", "querier1n", "questioner1n" ; :wordnet "asker", "enquirer", "inquirer", "querier", "questioner" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inquirer' in WordNet: 1. inquirer, enquirer, questioner, querier, asker - (someone who asks a question) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communicator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asking ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Inquiring :eng "inquiring" ; :ldoce "inquire" ; :wnsense "inquire1v", "inquire3v", "inquiry1n" ; :wordnet "inquire", "inquiry" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Inquiring is the general term for an intelligent agent, asking some form of question, by word or deed (test or experiment), This includes questioning, searching, inspection, testing including medical tests, and investigations including extended periods of research. Various subtypes of ''Inquiring'' such as ''Examining'', 'testing' (''TestingEvent''), ''Inspection'', ''Investigation'' all have overlapping elements and are not yet (rev1153) fully distinguished. In COSMO, Inquiring can be any activity whose purpose is to obtain some information of a predetermined type, including asking questions, looking in a book or web site for some information, doing some experiment or test (such as a chemical analysis). This type requires that there be an intention to learn information of a particular type; so, although every experience provides the experiencer with some information, there are many experiences that are not instances of Inquiring. Some activities, such as doing a test or experiment, may actually generate new information as well as being instances of Inquiring. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'inquire' in WordNet and sense 1 of noun 'inquiry'; sense 1 is the more specific subtype 'Asking' and sense 3 the more specific subtype 'Investigation'. in WordNet: 1. (13) ask, inquire, enquire - (inquire about; 'I asked about their special today'; 'He had to ask directions several times') 3. investigate, inquire, enquire - - (conduct an inquiry or investigation of; 'The district attorney's office investigated reports of possible irregularities'; 'inquire into the disappearance of the rich old lady') WN noun 'inquiry': 1. (4) inquiry, enquiry, research - (a search for knowledge; 'their pottery deserves more research than it has received') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationTransferEvent, :PurposefulAction, :Searching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Answer ] . :Inquisitive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Curiosity ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Inquiring ; :wnsense "inquiring1adj", "inquisitive1adj", "inquisitive2adj", "questioning3adj", "speculative3adj", "wondering1adj" ; :wordnet "inquiring", "inquisitive", "questioning", "speculative", "wondering" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Curiosity'', and as a consquence acts to satisfy that curiosity (about something particular), whether by exploring some place, or by reading, or by inquiring. This AttributeValue attributes both a Feeling and a Behavior to an Animal. RHW 'inquisitive': 1. given to inquiry, research, or asking questions; eager for knowledge; intellectually curious: an inquisitive mind. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'inquisitive' and sense 1 of 'inquiring' (any difference??) in Wordnet: 1. (1) inquisitive, speculative, questioning, wondering - (showing curiosity; 'if someone saw a man climbing a light post they might get inquisitive'; 'raised a speculative eyebrow') 2. inquisitive - (inquiring or appearing to inquire; 'an inquiring look'; 'the police are proverbially inquisitive') WN adj 'inquiring': 1. (2) inquiring - (given to inquiry; 'an inquiring mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curious . :Insane :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Insanity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Sane ; :ldoce "insane", "mad" ; :wnsense "around the bend1adj", "balmy1adj", "barmy2adj", "bats1adj", "batty1adj", "bonkers1adj", "buggy1adj", "cracked3adj", "crackers1adj", "crazy1adj", "daft1adj", "demented1adj", "disturbed4adj", "dotty1adj", "fruity2adj", "haywire1adj", "insane1adj", "kookie1adj", "kooky1adj", "loco1adj", "loony1adj", "loopy2adj", "mad2adj", "nuts1adj", "nutty1adj", "round the bend1adj", "unbalanced2adj", "unhinged1adj", "whacky2adj" ; :wordnet "around the bend", "balmy", "barmy", "bats", "batty", "bonkers", "buggy", "cracked", "crackers", "crazy", "daft", "demented", "disturbed", "dotty", "fruity", "haywire", "insane", "kookie", "kooky", "loco", "loony", "loopy", "mad", "nuts", "nutty", "round the bend", "unbalanced", "unhinged", "whacky" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who has the AilmentCondition of Insanity. This refers to a clinical condition, and can therefore is a subtype of 'Sick' in the literal sense. I can be applied to other mammals that behave erratically for their species. See also ''ConsideredCrazy'' There are informal terms that can be cinsidered as synonyms for ''Insane'' but are commonly used in a hyperbolic manner; these are not included in this type: 2. balmy, barmy, bats, batty, bonkers, buggy, cracked, crackers, daft, dotty, fruity, haywire, kooky, kookie, loco, loony, loopy, nuts, nutty, round the bend, around the bend, wacky, whacky - (informal or slang terms for mentally irregular; 'it used to drive my husband balmy') RHW 'insane': Syn. 1. demented; lunatic, crazed, crazy; maniacal. 3. foolish, irrational. See mad. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'crazy', sense 1 of 'insane', sense 2 of 'mad', sense 1 of 'demented' and sense 1 of 'nuts' in WordNet: WN 'crazy' 1. (10) brainsick, crazy, demented, distracted, disturbed, mad, sick, unbalanced, unhinged - (affected with madness or insanity; 'a man who had gone mad') WN 'insane' 1. (11) insane - (afflicted with or characteristic of mental derangement; 'was declared insane'; 'insane laughter') WN 'nutty' 2. balmy, barmy, bats, batty, bonkers, buggy, cracked, crackers, daft, dotty, fruity, haywire, kooky, kookie, loco, loony, loopy, nuts, nutty, round the bend, around the bend, wacky, whacky - (informal or slang terms for mentally irregular; 'it used to drive my husband balmy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue, :Sick . :Insanity :wnsense "insaneness1n", "insanity1n", "lunacy1n", "madness1n" ; :wordnet "insaneness", "insanity", "lunacy", "madness" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Insanity' is an AilmentCondition of an Animal (not necessarily a Person) that is mentally deranged in a serious way, such as being delusional or hallucinating. There are cases where diagnosing this condition may not be evident to a layman. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insanity' and sense 1 of 'madness' in Wordnet: 1. (1) insanity - (relatively permanent disorder of the mind) WN noun 'madness': 1. (2) lunacy, madness, insaneness - (obsolete terms for legal insanity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychologicalAilment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lunatic ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insane ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Inscribed :isAnAttributeValueOf :InscribedObject, :Inscription ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Inscribing ; :wnsense "engraved1adj", "etched1adj", "graven2adj", "incised3adj", "inscribed1adj", "inscribed2adj" ; :wordnet "engraved", "etched", "graven", "incised", "inscribed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inscribed'' is the attribute of an ''Inscrption\" or of an Object that has an ''Inscription'' on it. NOTE: the WN glosses suggest actions not in the intended meaning of this type: This does not include 'handwriting' or an 'engraved invitation' - the letters have to be produced by removing material from the surface of sufficient hardness and thickness to allow removal of material without changing its shape - inscribed on metal, stone,or glass (often etched), or wood, or other hard materials. Corresponds to sense 2 and part of adjective sense 1 ('carving') and sense 2 of 'inscribed' in Wordnet: 1. (4) inscribed - (written (by handwriting, printing, engraving, or carving) on or in a surface) 2. engraved, etched, graven, incised, inscribed - (cut or impressed into a surface; 'an incised design'; 'engraved invitations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InscribedObject :en "inscribed object" ; :enn "inscribed object" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InscribedObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that has an ''Inscrption\" on it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inscribed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Inscribing a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inscribing'' is a ''CarvingSomething'' (includes engraving, chiseling, etching, and scratching ) that removes material from the surface of a ''SolidObject''' to produce a ''InscribedObject'' that has an ''Inscription''on it. inscribe """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarvingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InscribedObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inscription ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Inscription :wnsense "inscription1n", "lettering1n" ; :wordnet "inscription", "lettering" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Inscription''' is a short ''TextMarking'' that may extend for more than one line (as on a tombstone or obelisk), carved by any process into a surface so as to produce an ''Indentation''. This is not for text produced by printing or writing. 'carving' text into a surface by firing a beam of particles (or a laser beam) at the surface in a controlled pattern would be a borderline included example. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inscription' in WordNet: 1. (3) inscription, lettering - (letters inscribed (especially words engraved or carved) on something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Indentation, :TextMarking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalCharacter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inscribed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InscribedObject ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :Insect :guid "bd58b8f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "insect" ; :wnsense "insect1n" ; :wordnet "insect" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a specialization of #$Arthropod. Each instance of #$Insect is an arthropod whose body is segmented into thirds, with three pairs of legs, a pair of antennae, and sometimes two pairs of wings. Specializations of #$Insect include #$Bee, #$Ant, and #$Butterfly. NOTE the **prototypical** possession of six legs for each 'Insect'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insect' in WordNet: 1. (8) insect - (small air-breathing arthropod) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arthropod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SixLegs ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insecticide ; owl:onProperty :canBeKilledBy ] . :InsectEater :en "insect eater" ; :guid "bd58967a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "insectivore2n" ; :wordnet "insectivore" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InsectEater''s include birds or small animals like moles or shrews that feed mainly on insects. Does not include insect-eating plants. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'insectivore' in WordNet: 2. insectivore - (any organism that feeds mainly on insects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore, :NonHumanAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insect ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :InsectLarva a :BeastType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An insect in the 'LarvalStage' of life. For the non-insect larva, use the parent type 'Larva'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect, :Larva . :InsectProboscis :en "insect proboscis", "proboscis" ; :guid "bde8e23c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all body parts that are the long tubular mouth parts to some #$Insects. Most use this to suck nectar from flowers, like the #$Butterfly, but the female mosquito uses it to take blood from vertebrates. RHW: 3. Also called beak. the elongate, protruding mouth parts of certain insects, adapted for sucking or piercing. NO WN sense for insect proboscis """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insect ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Insecticide :canKill :Insect ; :guid "25cdcdd2-096b-41d8-84f3-b08e35ddac4c" ; :wnsense "insect powder1n", "insecticide1n" ; :wordnet "insect powder", "insecticide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all samples of insecticides -- i.e. chemicals designed to kill insects. NOTE: many insecticides are poisonous to some extent to organisms other than insects,including people and birds, especially the nerve agents Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insecticide' in WordNet: 1. (2) insecticide, insect powder - (a chemical used to kill insects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pesticide, :ToxicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insect ; owl:onProperty :canKill ] . :Insectivore :wnsense "insectivore2n" ; :wordnet "insectivore" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not just animals - even plant smay feed on insects! Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'insectivore' in WordNet: 2. insectivore - (any organism that feeds mainly on insects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insect ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :InsectivorousMammal :wnsense "insectivore1n" ; :wordnet "insectivore" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insectivore' in WordNet: 1. insectivore - (small insect-eating mainly nocturnal terrestrial or fossorial mammals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insectivore, :Mammal, :TerrestrialOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NocturnallyActive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Insecurity :wnsense "insecurity1n" ; :wordnet "insecurity" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Insecurity'' represents a situation the is ''Risky'' in some respect, but not to the level of being considered ''Dangerous''. This is a situation with potential loss, but of any kind or intensity. 'job insecurity' would be a subtype. This represents a lack of ''Safety'' at any level; for a more serious lack of Safety that can lead to a serious loss, use subtype ''\"DangerousSituation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insecurity' in WordNet: 1. insecurity - (the state of being subject to danger or injury) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProblemSituation, :RiskySituation, :UndesirableSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undesirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UndesirableEvent :PersonalLoss ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Safety ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unsafe ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unsafe ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Insensible :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Indifference ; :wnsense "insensible2adj", "unaffected2adj" ; :wordnet "insensible", "unaffected" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Insensible'' is to be unaware of or ''Indifferent'' to some form of human trouble or pain or suffering. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'insensible' in Wordnet: 2. insensible, unaffected - (unaware of or indifferent to; 'insensible to the suffering around him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indifferent . :Insensitive :isTheOppositeOf :Sensitive ; :wnsense "insensitive1adj", "resistant2adj", "tolerant4adj" ; :wordnet "insensitive", "resistant", "tolerant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Insensitive' is the AttributeValue of something that is *not* susceptible to be affected by an action, or to react to an action. This is a broad sense of 'insensitive' including bacteria being insensitive to antibiotics, calluses being insensitive to touch; an instrument being insensitive to (unable to detect) a certain stimulus below a certain level of intensity. Insensitivity can in some cases be quantified, as with bacteria that are 'insensitive' to certain antibiotics. In such cases 'insensitive' may be more or les arbitrarily defined and distinguished from 'sentitive' for specific objects by some specific level of sensitivity. In some contextx, 'insensitive' is a synonym of 'resistant'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insensitive' and senses 2 and 3 of 'resistant' in WordNet: 1. (1) insensitive - - (not responsive to physical stimuli; 'insensitive to radiation') WN 'resistant': 2. tolerant, resistant - - (able to tolerate environmental conditions or physiological stress; 'the plant is tolerant of saltwater'; 'these fish are quite tolerant as long as extremes of pH are avoided'; 'the new hybrid is more resistant to drought') 3. resistant - - (impervious to being affected; 'resistant to the effects of heat'; 'resistant to persuasion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Inseparable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :SeparationEvent ; :wnsense "inseparable1adj" ; :wordnet "inseparable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute canbe applied to inanimate Objects thatcannot be separated, or to People (or other animals) that remain close companions indefinitely. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inseparable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inseparable - (not capable of being separated; 'inseparable pieces of rock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Inserting :wnsense "insert1v", "insert2v", "insert3v" ; :wordnet "insert" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Inserting'' is a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' where the final intended destination of the object moved is the interior of something. Includes verb senses 1, 2 and 3 of 'insert' in WordNet: 1. (12) insert, infix, enter, introduce - (put or introduce into something; 'insert a picture into the text') 2. (4) insert, enclose, inclose, stick in, put in, introduce - (introduce; 'Insert your ticket here') 3. (3) tuck, insert - (fit snugly into; 'insert your ticket into the slot'; 'tuck your shirttail in') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConveyingMaterials, :EnclosingSomething, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isIntoInteriorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :GenericLocation :LocationType :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :Inside-Out :en "inverted" ; :enadj "inverted" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SheetOfSomeStuff ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :InvertingSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Right-Side-Up ; :wnsense "inside-out1adj", "wrong-side-out1adj" ; :wordnet "inside-out", "wrong-side-out" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Inside-Out' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that are a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' forming a cavity ofsome kind, that normally have one distinguishable side facing outside the cavity, and have been turned so that all or most of the outside surface now faces inside,and vice-versa. This can apply to parts of a larger object such as the sleeve or leg of a garment that has been turned ''Inside-Out''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inside-out' in Wordnet: 1. wrong-side-out, inside-out - (with the inside surface on the outside) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure, :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfSomeStuff ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :InsideLocation :ldoce "inside" ; :wnsense "inside1n" ; :wordnet "inside" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'InsideLocation' is any 'GenericLocation' that is inside of (included in the spatial region of) some Object or Region. This is a broad sense, including the inside of containers and the inside of geographical or spatial regions Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inside' in WordNet: 1. (4) inside, interior - (the region that is inside of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Region ) ] ] . :InsideOfSomething :en "on the inside", "the inside", "the inside of" ; :ldoce "within" ; :wnsense "inside1adv", "within1adv" ; :wordnet "inside", "within" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'InsideOfSomething' is a ''RelativeLocation'' that is defined by being 'inside' something (anything) that can be said to have an 'inside'and 'outside'. NOTE: this duplicates the essential meaning of relation ''isInsideof'', but may be linguistically easier to interpret. To say that something hasLocation ''InsideOfSomething'' is essentially the same as saying it ''isInsideOf'' that something. Unclear if this is completely superfluous. Is not the same as, but related to,adverb sense 1 of 'inside' in Wordnet: 1. (6) inside, within - (on the inside; 'inside, the car is a mess') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :InsideSurface :en "inside surface" ; :wnsense "inside2n", "interior2n" ; :wordnet "inside", "interior" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InsideSurface'' is a ''SurfaceOfaHardObject'' where the ''HardObject'' is hollow like a shell (at least in part) and sufficiently rigid that the inside surface can be accessed by some PhysicalObject. The ''HardObject'' does not have to be very hard, since this type will include the inside surface of biological ''Cell''s, that can have special properties and objects attached to it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'inside' in WordNet: 2. (4) inside, interior - (the inner or enclosed surface of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceOfaHardObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :Insider :wnsense "insider1n" ; :wordnet "insider" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Insider'' is a person who is a member of some close-knit Group of people (a ''CommunityOfInterest'') The terms''Insider' and ''Outsider'' are context-dependent, referring to some particular ''CommunityOfInterest'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'insider' in WordNet: 1. insider - (an officer of a corporation or others who have access to private information about the corporation's operations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :ReciprocalRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CommunityOfInterest ] ; owl:disjointWith :Outsider . :Insight :alwaysCauses :KnowingSomething ; :wnsense "brainstorm1n", "brainwave2n", "insight1n", "insight3n", "insight4n", "penetration2n" ; :wordnet "brainstorm", "brainwave", "insight", "penetration" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Insight'' is a deep ''Understanding'' of something that 'penetrates' into the details not evident from a shallow understanding; the state of knowing something is represented in COSMO as 'KnowingSomething'. Every instance of 'Understanding' causes some state of 'KnowingSomething'; to assert that a person has '''Insight'' suggests that that understanding is more detailed than most people would have. Includes noun senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'insight' in WordNet: 1. (9) penetration, insight - (clear or deep perception of a situation) 3. (3) insight, brainstorm, brainwave - (the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation) 4. insight, sixth sense - (grasping the inner nature of things intuitively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Understanding . :Insightful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Communication, :InformationObject, :InsightfulAssertion, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Insight ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :InsightfulAssertion ; :wnsense "insightful1adj" ; :wordnet "insightful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Insightful'' is an attribute characterizing people and commmunication objects that exhibit ''Insight''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insightful' in Wordnet: 1. insightful - (exhibiting insight or clear and deep perception; 'an insightful parent'; 'the chapter is insightful and suggestive of new perspectives' - R.C.Angell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InsightfulAssertion :en "insightful", "insightful assertion" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''InsightfulAssertion'' is an ''Assertion'' in oral or text form that expresses \"Unobvious\" Information derived from an ''Insight' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insight ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unobvious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Insignia :guid "bd5890fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "emblem1n", "insignia1n" ; :wordnet "emblem", "insignia" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is an IconicImage in which the Icon represents some group or organization or rank or status in some group. This can be essentially all text, but it must be arranged in some distinctive manner that symbolizes its meaning in a way that simple text would not - color or arrangement of the parts of the ''Insignia''. Cyc: A collection of symbolic objects. Each element of #$Insignia is a visual configuration conventionally associated with some organization, person, or other agent. Elements of #$Insignia include monograms, company logos, devices of heraldry, totems, the official seals of universities, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insignia' and noun sense 1 of 'emblem'in Wordnet: 1. insignia - (a badge worn to show official position) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmblemObject . :Insignificant :isTheOppositeOf :Insignificant, :Substantial ; :wnsense "insignificant1adj" ; :wordnet "insignificant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Insignificant'' is to have a size, effect, or relevance to some purpose so small that, even if noticeable, it can be ignored. An even smaller level of significance would be ''Trivial' or ''NegligiblySmall'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insignificant' in WordNet: 1. (5) insignificant, trivial - (not large enough to consider or notice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient ; owl:disjointWith :Uninteresting . :Insincere :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposition ; :isTheOppositeOf :Sincere ; :wnsense "insincere1adj" ; :wordnet "insincere" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Insincere'' is an attribute of ''Assertion''s that are not intended to express the true beliefs or feelings of the person making them, but for other purposes, often to make someone favorably inclined toward the person making such a statement, or to avoid taking responsibility for some bad Action. .''Insincere'' also characterizes a Person who makes such an assertion, at least for that particular case. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'insincere' (pertaining to assertions, not to people) in WordNet: 1. insincere - (lacking sincerity; 'a charming but thoroughly insincere woman'; 'their praise was extravagant and insincere') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Insistent :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Insisting ; :wnsense "insistent1adj" ; :wordnet "insistent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Insistent' is an AttributeValue (which could be temporary) of someone who is ''Insisting'' on something (i.e. insisting that something be done). This implies that a request is performed at least twice, perhaps more often. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insistent' in WordNet: 1. (2) insistent, repetitive - (persistently continual; 'the bluejay's insistent cry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Repetitive . :Insisting :en "demanding", "insist on", "insisting", "insisting on" ; :guid "c07e5a64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "demand" ; :wnsense "demand1v", "importune1v", "insist1v", "insist2v", "insistence3n", "insistency2n", "take a firm stand1v" ; :wordnet "demand", "importune", "insist", "insistence", "insistency", "take a firm stand" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Insisting' is a forceful type of 'Requesting' in which the person Insisting insists that something be done, but does not have authority to punish (other than by modest reprimand, as with children) the person who is commanded if that person does not comply. The difference between a 'Insisting' and 'Ordering' is the absence or presence, respectively, of authority to force compliance or punish non-compliance. ? label 'InsistingOn'?? ''Insisting'' is used as the label here so as to reserve ''Demanding'' for an attribute of a superior who is 'demanding' in requiring strict performance of asigned tasks. In Cyc called 'Demanding-CommunicationAct' Cyc: A collection of communication acts. In each instance of #$Demanding-CommunicationAct, an agent presents to some other agent(s) an expectation that the latter do something that the first agent describes in the demand. Making a demand differs from giving an order in that an ordering agent has some authoritative claim on the agent to whom the order is issued. While a demanding agent may have reasons to expect that the demand will be fulfilled, there is no compelling authoritative claim on the agent to whom the demand is made. See also #$Ordering-CommunicationAct. This includes one sense of 'insist', as suggested in verb sense 1 of 'insist' in RHW: 1. to be emphatic, firm, or resolute on some matter of desire, demand, intention, etc.: He insists on checking every shipment. Although 'demand' is not included in any WN synset for 'insist' it comes close to he meaning of WN verb sense 1 and 2 of 'insist': in WordNet: 1. (59) insist, take a firm stand - (be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge; 'I must insist!') 2. (4) importune, insist - (beg persistently and urgently; 'I importune you to help them') WN also: Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'demand' in WordNet 2.1: 1. (47) demand - (request urgently and forcefully; 'The victim's family is demanding compensation'; 'The boss demanded that he be fired immediately'; 'She demanded to see the manager') WN noun 'insistence': 3. insistence, insistency - (the act of insisting on something; 'insistence on grammatical correctness is a conservative position') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insistent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Insoluble :contrastsWith :Soluble ; :wnsense "insoluble1adj" ; :wordnet "insoluble" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Insoluble is an attribute of PhysicalSubstances that means that less than 0.1 gram of the substance will dissolve in 100 ml of water. This 'soluble' is specifically for water, and has the common-sense meaning that, if one had a small quantity of a pwdery substance and wanted to wash it away, rinsing with water will not do the job fairly quickly. The quantitative attribute 'ConcentrationMeasure' specifies the actual amount of solute in each volume of solution, and is related to a solution by the relation 'hasConcentration'. Solubility in other solvents is not yet (v0.43) represented. NOTE: in this qualitative classification, 'Soluble' means a solubility of at least 3 grams per 100 ml, and 'PartlySoluble' means between 0.1 and 3 grams per 100 ml. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insoluble' in WordNet: 1. (10) insoluble, indissoluble - ((of a substance) incapable of being dissolved) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute . :Insolvency :wnsense "insolvency1n" ; :wordnet "insolvency" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Insolvency'' is an ''FinancialStatus'' of Persons who have no net financial resources. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insolvency' in WordNet: 1. insolvency - (the lack of financial resources) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :BadThing, :FinancialStatus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NetFinancialAssets ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ] . :Insomnia :guid "c0fd587f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "insomnia1n" ; :wordnet "insomnia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Insomnia''is an ''SleepDisorder'' in which a Person has more than normal difficulty falling asleep.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insomnia' in WordNet: 1. insomnia - (an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SleepDisorder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTheInabilityToPerformActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weariness ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleepless ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insomniac ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Insomniac :wnsense "insomniac1n", "sleepless person1n" ; :wordnet "insomniac", "sleepless person" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person suffering from ''Insomnia''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insomniac' in WordNet: 1. insomniac, sleepless person - (someone who cannot sleep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insomnia ; owl:onProperty :isTheSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleepless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Inspection :en "examining", "inspecting" ; :ldoce "examine" ; :wnsense "examine2v", "inspect2v", "inspection1n", "see20v" ; :wordnet "examine", "inspect", "inspection", "see" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Inspection is an act of Inquiring, which uses at least in part some visual examination of a PhysicalObject (which could be a Person or PhysicalDocument), and is generally brief, being completed usually within a day at most (as contrasted with a criminal or scientific investigation which could be extended over months or years). Inspections can be of many types. A sergeant or officer may inspect troops; a vehicle may be inspected at a checkpoint. A border guard may inspect (or examine) a passport; a parent may inspect a child's room. Various subtypes of ''Inquiring'' such as ''Examining'', 'testing' (''TestingEvent''), ''Inspection'', ''Investigation'' all have overlapping elements and are not yet (rev1153) fully distinguished. In WordNet, verb sense 1 of 'inspect' appears to correspond to this sense, but it is a hyponym of 'examine' there. The distinction between 'inspect' and its hypernym is unclear, so we identify verb sense 1 of 'inspect' with its WN parent. 'examine, see'. 'See' in this sense is used mostly for documents: 'Let me see your driver's license', and suggests a more casual examination than to 'inspect'. WN 'inspection' appears to be inspection of persons by superiors, while this tyope is broader. in WordNet: WN 'examine' 2. (11) examine, see - (observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect; 'The customs agent examined the baggage'; 'I must see your passport before you can enter the country') WN 'inspect': 1. (13) inspect - (look over carefully; 'Please inspect your father's will carefully') WN noun 'inspection': 1. (1) inspection, review - (a formal or official examination; 'the platoon stood ready for review'; 'we had to wait for the inspection before we could use the elevator') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inquiring, :Looking . :InspectionResult a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A InspectionResult is the information obtained as a result of conducting an Inspection.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Report ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :Inspector :wnsense "examiner2n", "inspector1n", "inspector2n" ; :wordnet "examiner", "inspector" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Inspector'' generally an ''IntelligentAgent'' who 'inspects' (looks carefully) at something, though in practice it is used for special kinds of inspectors, such as meat inspectors, home inspectors, or police detectives called 'inspectors'. This sense includes all subtypes, which can be distinguished. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inspector' in WordNet: 1. (4) inspector - (a high ranking police officer) 2. examiner, inspector - (an investigator who observes carefully; 'the examiner searched for clues') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inspection ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Inspiration :wnsense "inspiration1n" ; :wordnet "inspiration" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inspiration'' is a Feeling of ''Enthusiasm'' caused by a ''Inspiring'' Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to want to perform some ''Action''. Both WN and RHW do not distinguish cearly betwee the action that causes the sate of 'inspiration' and the state caused. RHW distinguishes them but puts them into the same word sense: inspiration 7. the act of inspiring; quality or state of being inspired. This is used in phrases like 'it inspired her to . . .' The WN gloss seems to represent a nominalized form of verb 'inspire', but there is no other sense covering the state of being inspired. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'inspiration' in WordNet: 1. (1) inspiration - (arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enthusiasm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InspiringSomeone ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ] . :Inspirational :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Inspiration ; :wnsense "inspirational1adj" ; :wordnet "inspirational" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inspirational' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inspirational - (imparting a divine influence on the mind and soul) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restrictive . :Inspired :en "inspired" ; :enadj "inspired" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :InspiringSomeone ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'inspired': 1. aroused, animated, or imbued with the spirit to do something, by or as if by supernatural or divine influence: an inspired poet. 2. resulting from such inspiration: an inspired poem; an inspired plan. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aroused . :Inspiring :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :InspiringSomeone ; :wnsense "inspiring1adj" ; :wordnet "inspiring" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inspiring' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inspiring - (stimulating or exalting to the spirit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interesting . :InspiringHope :wnsense "hopeful1adj" ; :wordnet "hopeful" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InspiringHope'' is the attribute of things that, when perceived, inspire hope, such as Events or assertions that are evidence of something desired, ('a hopeful sign'; 'His hopeful words stimulated optimism.') or theories or new ideas that raise hope that a solution to a problem has been found ('a hopeful way of attacking the problem'). The first part of the WN sense (having hope) is represented by the AttributeValue ''Hopeful''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'hopeful' in WordNet: 1. (2) hopeful - (having or manifesting or inspiring hope; 'a line of people hopeful of obtaining tickets'; 'found a hopeful way of attacking the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InspiringSomeone :eng "inspiring" ; :wnsense "inspiration5n", "inspire2v", "inspire3v" ; :wordnet "inspiration", "inspire" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''InspiringSomeone'' is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to be in a state of ''Inspiration'' - an enthusiasm to perform some Action. Other senses of 'inspire' are not represented here. WN 'inspiration' sense 5 is taken as the nominalized form of inspire', i.e. an act that causes the emotion of ''Inspiration'' Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'inspire' and noun sense 5 of 'inspiration' in WordNet: 2. (5) inspire - (supply the inspiration for; 'The article about the artist inspired the exhibition of his recent work') 3. (5) prompt, inspire, instigate - (serve as the inciting cause of; 'She prompted me to call my relatives') WN noun 'inspiration' 5. inspiration, stirring - (arousing to a particular emotion or action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArousingAnEmotion, :CausingaMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inspiration ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inspired ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Inspiriting :wnsense "inspirit1v", "spirit up1v", "spirit1v" ; :wordnet "inspirit", "spirit", "spirit up" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inspiriting'' is an ''Enlivening'' in which the object is 'inspired' to perform some Activity. This is vague and the Activity stimulated can be of any kind, but is usually more than just mental activity. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'inspirit' in WordNet: 1. spirit, spirit up, inspirit - (infuse with spirit; 'The company spirited him up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enlivening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Instability :wnsense "instability1n", "instability2n" ; :wordnet "instability" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This senses of ''Instability'' represents several attributes such as chemical instability - the propensity to decompose under common circumstances - or positional instability, such as a potential to fall because it is top-heavy, or operational instability (e.g. unreliability) of devices that for any of various reasons may fail to consistently produce the desired and anticipated result. This is not for mental or emotional instability of people or other animals. The glosses for theWN senses 1 to 3 are not comprehensive enough to determine how closely they fit this intended meaning, but can be interpreted in this sense. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'instability' in WordNet: 1. (1) instability - (an unstable order) 2. (1) instability - (unreliability attributable to being unstable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unstable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :InstallingSoftware :wnsense "install1v", "set up9v" ; :wordnet "install", "set up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InstallingSoftware'' is to to put some ComputerProgram into a Computer and make any needed additional adjustments to the computer so that the program can function as intended on that computer. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InstallingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerProgram ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerProgramExecution ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ] . :InstallingSomething :en "setting up" ; :wnsense "instal1v", "install1v", "installation1n", "installing1n", "installment4n", "instalment3n", "put in5v", "set up9v" ; :wordnet "instal", "install", "installation", "installing", "installment", "instalment", "put in", "set up" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a general sense of 'install' meaning 'to put some functional Object somewhere and connect it to a larger object so that it can function as intended.' This is 'general' because the *object ('something') can be a PhysicalObject (in which case it is a Device) or an AbstractArtifact such as a piece of software. For physical installations this usually also involves some form of 'connecting'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'install' and noun sense 1 of 'installation' in WordNet: 1. (29) install, instal, put in, set up - (set up for use; 'install the washer and dryer'; 'We put in a new sink') WN noun 'installation': 1. (4) installation, installing, installment, instalment - (the act of installing something (as equipment); 'the telephone installation took only a few minutes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ControllingSomething, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UsefulObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FunctionalEvent ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ] . :InstallingWiring :wnsense "wiring2n" ; :wordnet "wiring" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InstallingWiring'' is to to put some ''WiringSystem'' into a larger Object or System, to transmit current for any purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wiring' in WordNet: 2. wiring - (the work of installing the wires for an electrical system or device) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InstallingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WiringSystem ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrentTransmission ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WiringSystem ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :InstallmentPayment :en "installment payment" ; :wnsense "installment1n" ; :wordnet "installment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InstallmentPayment''is any kind of ''PayingWithMoney'' that is one of the Payment actions that is part of a ''PayingPeriodically'' set of payment. This can be any kind of periodic payment, not just payments on purchases. *For installment repayments, use subtype ''InstallmentRepayment''. It includes both payer and payee - credit card payments, salary payments,pension payments. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'installment' (not restricted to debts) in WordNet: 1. (2) installment - (a payment of part of a debt; usually paid at regular intervals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PayingWithMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasRecurrenceInterval ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeInterval ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeriodicPayment ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingPeriodically ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :InstallmentRepayment :en "loan installment" ; :wnsense "installment1n" ; :wordnet "installment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''InstallmentRepayment'' is one of a series of money transfers that each repay part of some ''Debt'', usually preformed on a regular schedule. For a periodic payment (Action) that is not a debt repayment use parent ''InstallmentPayment''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'installment' in WordNet: 1. (2) installment - (a payment of part of a debt; usually paid at regular intervals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InstallmentPayment . :Instance :wnsense "instance1n" ; :wordnet "instance" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Instance' is an instance of some entity type - physical, abstract, object, event, whatever - that may be referred to in some communication. This type provides a linguistic means to speficy that something is an instance of a type, without being explicit as to which individual is referred to. The logical operator 'there exists' and the OWL relation 'type' also serve such a function, but are not usually used in normal language in that sense. For physical objects, one can use 'InstanceObject', which might be for example, an 'article of clothing'. For the more specific 'example' as an illustrative instance, use 'Example'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instance' in WordNet, and includes parts of sense 2 and 5 of 'item': in WordNet: 1. (18) case, instance, example - (an occurrence of something; 'it was a case of bad judgment'; 'another instance occurred yesterday'; 'but there is always the famous example of the Smiths') WN 'item': 2. (17) item - (a whole individual unit; especially when included in a list or collection; 'they reduced the price on many items') 5. token, item - (an individual instance of a type of symbol; 'the word 'error' contains three tokens of 'r'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :WholeThing . :InstanceCopy :en "copy", "exemplar" ; :ldoce "copy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'InstanceCopy' is one of a number of PhysicalObjects that are all close to identical in makeup, that was created by some artificial process that creates multiple instance of some type of PhysicalObject. A common example is a book made by a printing process, which is an Exemplar of that type of book. Usually called a 'copy' in linguistic usage, but in COSMO 'Copy' is used for an object created as a reproduction of an original, that is not the original. An Exemplar is not necessarily a 'Copy' of anything else. Fof the 'exemplar' that is 'good example' of something,use ''GoodExample''. One can say one has a 'copy' of a book, but an auto that is of a particular make and model, one does not usually say that one has an 'instance' or 'copy', one just say that one has a ?year ?make ?model (e.g. 2005 Toyota Camry). But both are included in this type. Usage: 'I have a copy of 'Moby Dick' on my bookshelf.' 'I liked it so much I bought another copy'. 'She gave me a copy of Madonna's latest album'. 'I have an original copy of the print hanging in my bedroom'. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'copy' and sense 4 of 'exemplar' in RHW: RWH 'copy' 2. one of the various examples or specimens of the same book, engraving, or the like. RHW 'exemplar' 4. a copy of a book or text. There does not appear to be any synset in WordNet that represents this sense """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Example, :PhysicalObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingMultipleCopies ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :InstanceObject :ldoce "article" ; :wnsense "article2n" ; :wordnet "article" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'InstanceObject' is PhysicalObject that is an instance of some entity type. This type differs from the more general 'Instance' in being restricted to PhysicalObjects, and serves as the logical representation of the notion of 'article' as in 'article of clothing' or 'household articles'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'article' in WordNet: 2. (6) article - (one of a class of artifacts; 'an article of clothing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Instance, :PhysicalObject . :InstanceOfType :en "instance of a type as a Role" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'InstanceOfType' is an instance of any entity type that can be used as the object of a ''has'' relation to create an ad hoc semantic relation where no more specific relation is defined. See also discussion of the use of this in the comments to ObjectProperty ''has''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Instance, :Role . :Instantaneous :hasAdverbialForm :Instantaneously ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event, :InstantaneousEvent, :TimePoint ; :wnsense "instant1adj", "instantaneous1adj" ; :wordnet "instant", "instantaneous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Instantaneous'' is an Attribute of Events that occur in a very short period of time. The exact period is indefinite, but is too short to allow perception of a lag time. The term 'instantaneous' is used approximately to mean 'very fast' or 'very quickly'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'instantaneous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) instantaneous, instant - (occurring with no delay; 'relief was instantaneous'; 'instant gratification') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InstantaneousEvent :en "instantaneous event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """called 'Event' in ISO15926 COSMO note: An InstantaneousEvent is an Event that can be a change that occurs instantaneously - the change can be said to occur at one point in time: a system has a set of attributes that are effective at that point in time, and at any point prior to that, the state may be different in one or more ways. For physical events, this is unrealistic but can be a useful abstraction. Certain social or mental events can be said to be instantaneous, such as a change in title or position that is scheduled ahead of time. ******COSMO Event NOTE:** This is not a subtype of ''PersistentState'' or of ''InstantaneousState'' for a subtle reason: A ''PersistentState'' has the exact same 'fluents' (attributes of its included entities) throughout, and an ''InstantaneousState'' likewise represents an unchanging situation. An Event, on the other hand, can and usually does have some changes at the beginning and end. So to avoid the potential confusion of allowing change (''Event'') and denying change (''State'') these are kept separate. In the RealWorld, nothing can change at one point in time, but when an ''InstantaneousEvent'' is defined (for example, as the Change in position title for a Person at 12 AM midnight on January 1), the change can be represented as state before and state after; by convention, state before would hold at any time point before the designated time, no matter how small the interval. This treatment pays deference to the philosophical nuances of representing intervals with infinitesimal points, though it has no practical consequences at all in the RealWorld, where there is a lower limit on how small an interval can be measured. A final nuance is the the 'starting part' and 'ending part' poinnted to by 'starts' or 'finishes' relations will be the same for an InstantaneousEvent or an InstantaneosState. ****** In ISO15926 and some situation calculus representations, processes are simply a series of instantaneous changes followed by periods ('State') of no change. So this is an important concept for some process representations. More practicaly,this type can be used to represent the starting or ending states of an Event, and thus allow an efficient representation of the changes that occurred during an Event, as the pair of starting and ending states. An ''InstantaneousEvent'' can be viewed as the shortest limiting length of an ''Event'' just as a ''TimePoint'' can be viewed as the shortest limiting length of a ''TimeInterval''. InstantaneousEvent[COSMO] is labeled Event [in ISO15926] """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Instantaneous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :InstantaneousState a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An InstantaneousState is the set of attributes ('fluents') associated with the Objects of a System at some time point. This is the limiting case of a PersistentState (and of Event), where the time interval is of zero duration. Every Event that is not an InstantaneousState has two InstantaneousStates as components of the Event, the starting state and the ending state.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState . :Instantaneously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Instantaneous ; :wnsense "in a flash1adv", "instantaneously1adv", "instantly2adv", "outright3adv" ; :wordnet "in a flash", "instantaneously", "instantly", "outright" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Instantaneously'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action to assert that it was ''Instantaneous''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'instantaneously' in WordNet: 1. instantaneously, outright, instantly, in a flash - (without any delay; 'he was killed outright') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Instilled :en "instilled" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :InstillingThoughts ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Instilled'' is an AttributeValue of ideas or beliefs that have been convincingly conveyed to a Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communicated, :PastParticiple . :InstillingByDrops :wnsense "instil1v", "instill2v" ; :wordnet "instil", "instill" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For adding medication by drops, usually into the ''Eye''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'instill' in WordNet: 2. instill, instil - (enter drop by drop; 'instill medication into my eye') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :DirectedTranslation, :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DropOfLiquid :LiquidObjectType :DrugSubstanceType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :InstillingThoughts :wnsense "instill1v", "transfuse1v" ; :wordnet "instill", "transfuse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InstillingThoughts'' one Person 'instills' some idea(s) or belief(s) in another person by a gradual process such that the idea or belief becomes accepted as true (at least for some time). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'instill' in WordNet: 1. instill, transfuse - (impart gradually; 'Her presence instilled faith into the children'; 'transfuse love of music into the students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :ImpartingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Informed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Belief :Knowledge :BeliefType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :Instinct :disposesToAction :InvoluntaryBodyMovement ; :wnsense "instinct1n" ; :wordnet "instinct" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Instinct'' is a ''BehavioralDisposition'' that disposes and Animal to behave in certain ways under certain circumstances without ay reasoning, solely by an intuitive set of mental (neural) proesses that do not rise to the level of consciousness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instinct' in WordNet: 1. (4) instinct, inherent aptitude - (inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli; 'the spawning instinct in salmon'; 'altruistic instincts in social animals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehavioralDisposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InvoluntaryBodyMovement ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Instinctive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Instinctive :en "instinctual" ; :enadj "instinctual" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :pertainsTo :Instinct, :InstrumentalMusic, :MusicalInstrument ; :wnsense "instinctive1adj", "natural6adj" ; :wordnet "instinctive", "natural" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Instinctive'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Instinct''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'instinctive' in Wordnet: 1. natural, instinctive - (unthinking; prompted by (or as if by) instinct; 'a cat's natural aversion to water'; 'offering to help was as instinctive as breathing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Instinctively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Instinctive ; :wnsense "instinctively1adv" ; :wordnet "instinctively" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'instinctively' in Wordnet: 1. (1) instinctively - (as a matter of instinct; 'he instinctively grabbed the knife') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Institution :ldoce "establishment" ; :wnsense "establishment2n", "institution1n" ; :wordnet "establishment", "institution" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'institution' is an Organization that conducts its activities largely for public benefit, even though the organization itself may be commercial. This includes schools, hospitals, non-profit research organizations, and some cooperative enterprises that may perform activities also performed by commercial enterprises, but are non-profit and for the benefit of their members, such as some cooperative insurance companies. The word 'institution' has vague usage, and this is only one of the more specific senses. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'institution' and sense 9 of 'establishment' in Random House Webster: RHW 'institution' 1. an organization, establishment, foundation, society, or the like, devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or program, esp. one of a public, educational, or charitable character: This college is the best institution of its kind. This does **not** include the closely related senses of 'institution' ** 2. the building devoted to such work. ** 3. a public or private place for the care or confinement of inmates, esp. mental patients or other disabled or handicapped persons. RHW 'establishment': 9. an institution, as a school, hospital, etc. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'establishment' and sense 1 of 'institution' in WordNet: WN 'institution' 1. (26) institution, establishment - (an organization founded and united for a specific purpose) WN 'establishment': 2. (4) institution, establishment - (an organization founded and united for a specific purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongEstablished ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Institutional :pertainsTo :Institution, :PublicInstitution ; :wnsense "institutional1adj", "institutional2adj" ; :wordnet "institutional" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Institutional'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to some ''Institution'' or to ''Insitution''s in general. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'institutional' in WordNet: 1. (3) institutional - (relating to or constituting or involving an institution; 'institutional policy') 2. institutional - (organized as or forming an institution; 'institutional religion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Institutionalized :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution ; :wnsense "institutionalised1adj", "institutionalized1adj" ; :wordnet "institutionalised", "institutionalized" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Institutionalized'' is an Attribute of a Person who has been committed to an 'institution', which could be a Mental Institution or a Penal Institution. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'institutionalized' in Wordnet: 1. (1) institutionalized, institutionalised - (officially placed in or committed to a specialized institution; \"had hopes of rehabilitating the institutionalized juvenile delinquents\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Instructing :en "instructing" ; :wnsense "instruct1v" ; :wordnet "instruct" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Instructing'' is an ''AssertingEvent'' that is intended to impart information about something - either factual or 'how to' type skills. This need not be formal and the person imparting the knowledge need not be a habitual 'teacher' , merely someone who knows something and wishes to tell it to another. For more formal teaching, use ''Teaching''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'instruct' in Wordnet: 1. (9) teach, learn, instruct - (impart skills or knowledge to; 'I taught them French'; 'He instructed me in building a boat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Instructor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :InstructionLoopExecution :wnsense "iteration1n", "loop3n" ; :wordnet "iteration", "loop" ; a :CycleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InstructionLoopExecution'' is an Event that is part of a ''ComputerProgramExecution''. Not all programs have loops. Although the state of at least some of the elements in the program, and perhaps in the loop itself (such as the counting index) may change, the location of the starting instruction of the loop remains the same, so this Event qualifies as a ''Cycle'' (a subtype of ''Iteration''. Most closely Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'loop' in WordNet: 1. iteration, loop - ((computer science) a single execution of a set of instructions that are to be repeated; 'the solution took hundreds of iterations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerInstructionExecution, :Cycle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerProgramExecution ] . :Instructional :isAnAttributeValueOf :Instructions ; :pertainsTo :Teaching ; :wnsense "instructional1adj" ; :wordnet "instructional" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Instructional'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Teaching'', in particular to things used for ''Teaching''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'instructional' in WordNet: 1. (1) instructional - (of or relating to or used in instruction; 'instructional aids') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Instructions :en "directions" ; :guid "bd58db4d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "direction6n", "instruction1n", "instructions1n" ; :wordnet "direction", "instruction", "instructions" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Instructions'' is an Abstract ''PropositionalConceptualWork'' that specifies a ''Procedure'' that is step-by-step ''Method'' to do something, such as how to assemble a kit or how to operate a Device.. This is abstract. A representation of this Procedure would be the type ''InstructionsDocument''. CYC: A specialization of #$PropositionalConceptualWork. Each instance of #$Instructions is an abstract work that outlines a sequence of tasks to be performed by an agent. Positive examples of instantiations are instructions on a food package, verbal instructions, a musical score. Illustrative specializations include #$DirectionsToGetSomewhere and #$InvestmentGuide. 'when all else fails, read the directions' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'instruction' in WordNet: 1. (11) direction, instruction - (a message describing how something is to be done; 'he gave directions faster than she could follow them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Message, :Procedure, :PropositionalConceptualWork . :InstructionsDocument :en "directions", "how-to manual" ; :guid "bd58db4d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "book of instructions1n", "instruction manual1n", "instructions1n", "operating instructions1n" ; :wordnet "book of instructions", "instruction manual", "instructions", "operating instructions" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Instructions'' is an AbstractDocument that sets out a ''Procedure'' that is step-by-step ''Method'' to do something, such as how to assemble a kit or how to operate a Device.. This is abstract, and is not a physical 'manual' as suggested by the WN synset. This is an abstract representation in language of the more abstract ''Instractions''. 'when all else fails, read the directions' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instructions' in WordNet: 1. (1) instruction manual, instructions, book of instructions, operating instructions - (a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :Procedure, :PropositionalConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Instructions ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Instructor :wnsense "instructor1n" ; :wordnet "instructor" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Instructor'' is any of a broad class of Persons, at least part of whose main occupation (paid or unpaid) is to provide instruction to other people (this excludes animal trainers), or to perform research on the methods of educating people. The type of intruction is not restricted - it can be physical education, fitness training, education in arts, as well as traditional academic instruction. in WordNet: 1. (5) teacher, instructor - (a person whose occupation is teaching) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :ProfessionalPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Instructing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Instrument :ldoce "instrument" ; :wnsense "instrument1n" ; :wordnet "instrument" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Instrument' is a Device that requires some training, perhaps very perfunctory, in order to use properly. This corresponds to sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (31) instrument - (a device that requires skill for proper use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Implement . :InstrumentCapability a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Capability to act as an Instrument in some Action. @ToDo: The restriction specifies the kind of Action that an instrument is used in, but the specific Role of the Instrument in that action is not yet (rev863) represented.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToServeInActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :InstrumentPanel :wnsense "board7n", "control board1n", "control panel1n", "instrument panel1n", "panel7n" ; :wordnet "board", "control board", "control panel", "instrument panel", "panel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InstrumentPanel'' is a ''DisplayPanel'' ( a 'FlatSurfacePortion'' of some Object) that contains one or (usually) more ''DisplayDevice''s that display information to some Person who needs the information to perform a task, or has the responsibility to convey that information to others who can use it. IT may or may not have control devices to affect the processes whose properties are displayed. This is very broad in meaning; it can be large, as in the control room of a nuclear power plant or rocket launch center, or small, as in a motor vehicle. This can be oriented vertically or horizontally or at some intermediate angle, as long as it is visible to the Person who uses it. Displays 'instrument readings' or 'sensor readings'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instrument panel' in WordNet: 1. (1) control panel, instrument panel, control board, board, panel - (electrical device consisting of a flat insulated surface that contains switches and dials and meters for controlling other electrical devices; 'he checked the instrument panel'; 'suddenly the board lit up like a Christmas tree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayPanel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :DisplayDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingInformation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :InstrumentRole a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An InstrumentRole is a PhysicalObject that is used by an Agent to cause some event to occur. NOTE: the 'instrument' that is a Device is termed simply 'Instrument' An InstrumentRole is a GenericAgent because when an instrument causes something to happen, that Event may linguistically be phrased so that the Instrument appears to be the agent. e.g. 'the knife cut deeply into Mike's arm.' Even though the knife may be wielded by some agent, it serves the role of an agent in that particular sentence. NOTE that only PhysicalObjects are considered as 'InstrumentRoles' in this sense. A method to accomplish a task may be 'used' by an agent, but it is not an Instrument. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :PhysicalObject, :RoleInAnEvent . :Instrumental :pertainsTo :Instrument, :InstrumentalMusic, :MusicalInstrument ; :wnsense "instrumental1adj" ; :wordnet "instrumental" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Instrumental'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to some kind of ''Instrument''. This is used often to refer to 'instrumental music'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'instrumental' in Wordnet: 1. (2) instrumental - (relating to or designed for or performed on musical instruments; 'instrumental compositions'; 'an instrumental ensemble') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :InstrumentalMusic :wnsense "instrumental music2n" ; :wordnet "instrumental music" ; a :EventType, :GenreType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''InstrumentalMusic'' is an instace of ''Music'' that is produced by a ''MusicalInstrument'' rather than by 'voice'- i.e. this is making music by any Device other than the voice of some animal (or perhaps the sighing of the wind??). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'instrumental music' in WordNet: 2. instrumental music - (music produced by playing a musical instrument) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MusicalInstrumentType :MusicalInstrument ) ] ] . :Insufficiency :wnsense "deficiency2n", "inadequacy1n", "insufficiency3n" ; :wordnet "deficiency", "inadequacy", "insufficiency" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Insufficiency'' is an ''AvailableAmount'' of something useful that is available for use for some Agent but is not enough for the purpose for which that Agent wants to use the material. NOTE: this type represents an 'insufficiency' that could be short of the needed amount by only one or a few items or units. For a significant difference between the needed and available amount, use subtype 'Paucity''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'insufficiency' in WordNet: 3. insufficiency, inadequacy, deficiency - (lack of an adequate quantity or number; 'the inadequacy of unemployment benefits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvailableAmount, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insufficient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Insufficient :en "not enough", "too little" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Enough ; :wnsense "deficient2adj", "inadequate2adj", "insufficient1adj", "poor5adj", "short4adj" ; :wordnet "deficient", "inadequate", "insufficient", "poor", "short" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Too little of materials or effort or money, etc. to accomplish a goal. NOTE: this is close in meaning to the parent Attribute ''Deficient'' - the WN differentiation remains here but may need additional analysis. This type is best used for insufficiency for a specific need or goal. See ''Deficit'' for a quantitative measure and ''Shortage' for the ''PersistentState''. A more intensive degree of ''Insufficient'', when the supply is *much* less than the needed amount of something is represented by ''Scarce''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insufficient' and sense 2 of 'inadequate' in Wordnet: 1. (3) insufficient, deficient - (of a quantity not able to fulfill a need or requirement; 'insufficient funds') WN adj 'inadequate': 2. inadequate, poor, short - (not sufficient to meet a need; 'an inadequate income'; 'a poor salary'; 'money is short'; 'on short rations'; 'food is in short supply'; 'short on experience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deficient, :SufficiencyValue . :InsulatedWire :guid "bebd1215-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Insulated wire considered as a substance. A piece of insulated wire would be a PhysicalObject.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :WireStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalConductor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalInsulator ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Insulating :en "insulating" ; :wnsense "insulate1v", "insulation3n" ; :wordnet "insulate", "insulation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Insulating'' is the act of adding a barrier of some kind to prevent movement of something (heat,noise, electrical current) from one area to another. This is accomplished by adding a barrier of some kind (which could be a vacuum in a vacuum bottle) that prevents the movement of the thing whose movement from the one area to the other is not wanted. This is mostly used for inslating from heat fow, or from noise transmission betwen rooms, or from flow of electric current. Other subtypes may be found. The ''Barrier'' restriction does not require specifying the barrier used, but is there to suggest more specificity for instances. This is usually done to protect something from an unwanted influence, so it is a subtype of ''Protecting'' - perhaps superfluous. The insulating barrier 'ProtectingPassively' from: ElectricCurrent,- electrical insulation (nonconducting material) ''ElectricalInsulator'' - substance 'heat flow' (not represented), - heat insulation, including vacuum 'noise transmission' (not represented) - sound insulation @mod43 Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'insulate' in WordNet: 1. (2) insulate - (protect from heat, cold, or noise by surrounding with insulating material; 'We had his bedroom insulated before winter came') WN noun 'insulation': 3. insulation - (the act of protecting something by surrounding it with material that reduces or prevents the transmission of sound or heat or electricity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :Protecting, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Barrier ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ] . :InsulatingCover :guid "bd58d094-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this represents both electrical and heat insulation. Cyc: The set of objects which function as insulators and thus protect against undesirable energy transfers. Includes artificial as well as ''natural'' material such as hair, fat, down.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object . :InsulatingObject :en "insulating object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A InsulatingObject is an object, such as the insulating coating on an electrical wire, whose primary constituent component substance is electrically insulating. This Type will serve to specify the actual insulating part of devices that either conduct electricity or are used near obejects that conduct electricity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalInsulator ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :InsulatingSubstance :hasQualitativeAttribute :ElectricallyNonconductive ; :wnsense "dielectric1n", "insulator1n", "nonconductor1n" ; :wordnet "dielectric", "insulator", "nonconductor" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InsulatingSubstance'' is a substance that cannot conduct electricity sufficiently to carry a current that can drive a motor. This is intended to exclude semiconductors. Corresponds to part (for electricity) of noun sense 1 of 'insulator' in WordNet: 1. (1) insulator, dielectric, nonconductor - (a material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or thermal conductivity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :InsulinTheSecretion :guid "bd58c4ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "insulin1n" ; :wordnet "insulin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'InsulinTheSecretion': A protein pancreatic hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, and is used in the treatment and control of diabetes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insulin' in WordNet: 1. (3) insulin - (hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Hormone . :Insulting :isAnAttributeValueOf :InsultingaPerson, :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Complimentary ; :wnsense "abusive1adj", "insulting1adj", "opprobrious1adj", "scurrilous1adj" ; :wordnet "abusive", "insulting", "opprobrious", "scurrilous" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Insulting'' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who criticizes another Person (or of the Action of such criticizing) in a manner that expresses a disapproval of the Person being criticized, and has a more emotional content than an objective negative evaluation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insulting' in Wordnet: 1. (1) abusive, insulting, opprobrious, scurrilous - (expressing offensive reproach) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Critical, :Offensive . :InsultingaPerson :wnsense "affront1v", "diss1v", "insult1v" ; :wordnet "affront", "diss", "insult" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InsultingaPerson'' is a form of 'Offending'' in which the Person offended feels demeaned - made to feel less valued - by the person doing the insulting. ('diss' in the WN synset is a colloquial shortened form of 'disrespect'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'insult' in WordNet: 1. (3) diss, insult, affront - (treat, mention, or speak to rudely; 'He insulted her with his rude remarks'; 'the student who had betrayed his classmate was dissed by everyone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offending . :InsuranceAgreement :guid "bd58e2ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "insurance" ; :wnsense "insurance policy1n", "insurance2n", "policy3n" ; :wordnet "insurance", "insurance policy", "policy" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: to 'have insurance' is to be a participant in some InsuranceAgreement. The actual wording of an InsuranceAgreement is found in a corresponding 'InsuranceContent'. NOTE: an InsuranceAgreement is considered as a MoneyObject in COSMO, and is therefore a source of Money, with a monetary value. Insurance accounts typically depend on a contingency such as death, and their value while the subject is alive is zero, but if the subject dies, their value goes up to the value of the policy. For insurance accounts that have a redemption value, such as whole-life accounts, their value is the redemption value while the subject is alive, and goes to the policy amount if the insured dies. NOTE2: an inurance policy that is paid up in advance for some interval of time, **if it can be transferred to another party** may have a tradable value, but this would make it a commodity, and its value as a commodity, could be related to the policy by the 'hasMonetaryValue' relation, but it would not be the same as its policy value dependent on the contingency, Called 'InsurancePlan' in Cyc: Cyc: A collection of microtheories; a subset of #$LegalAgreement. Each element of #$InsurancePlan is an agreement between two or more agents. For each such plan, there is at least one #$insuredAgent who is covered by the insurance plan, and one #$insuringAgent who is the insurance provider (e.g., HMO, insurance company, or U.S. Federal government agency). An insurance plan may be funded by (see #$insuranceFundedBy) the insured or by a third party, such as the insured's employer. Some subsets of #$InsurancePlan representing insurance for different #$insuredEventTypes are: #$LifeInsurance, #$MedicalInsurance, #$DisabilityInsurance, #$HomeOwnersInsurance, #$AutomobileInsurance, #$LiabilityInsurance. @mod55 need to point to provider and insured party Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'insurance' in WordNet: 2. (2) policy, insurance policy, insurance - (written contract or certificate of insurance; 'you should have read the small print on your policy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Account, :Agreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgreeingParty ; owl:someValuesFrom :InsuredPartyType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgreeingParty ; owl:someValuesFrom :InsuranceProvider ] . :InsuranceCompany :guid "bd63702d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "insurance company1n", "insurance firm1n", "insurer1n" ; :wordnet "insurance company", "insurance firm", "insurer" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The collection of all #$InsuranceProviders that are CommercialServiceOrganizations and that offers financial protection (in the form of insurance policies) to its #$customers against loss occasioned by sickness, natural disaster, theft, accident and similar liabilities. Instances of #$InsuranceCompany may specialize in one or more types of loss. SUMO: A CommercialAgent that insures Agents for the payment of a premium or premiums. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'insurer' in WordNet: 1. insurance company, insurance firm, insurer, insurance underwriter, underwriter - (a financial institution that sells insurance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialServiceOrganization, :InsuranceProvider . :InsuranceContent :ldoce "insurance" ; :wnsense "insurance1n" ; :wordnet "insurance" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'InsuranceContent' is a Promise (a LinguisticAssertion, a phrase in some human language - not the Proposition represented by the phrase) that describes the Event insured against, the reimbursement amount and type, and other conditions. This will refer to an EventType which is the type of Event insured against. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'insurance' in WordNet: 1. (7) insurance - (promise of reimbursement in the case of loss; paid to people or companies so concerned about hazards that they have made prepayments to an insurance company) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Promise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :InsuranceAgreement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :InsuredEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :InsuranceCoverage ] . :InsuranceCoverage :wnsense "coverage1n", "insurance coverage1n" ; :wordnet "coverage", "insurance coverage" ; a :GroupType, :ScopeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InsuranceCoverage'' is a 'Scope' that includes the objects insured and/or Events that are insured against, and the conditions of the insurance. This is a heterogeneous Group. ?Need 'insured object'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coverage' in WordNet: 1. (1) coverage, insurance coverage - (the total amount and type of insurance carried) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Scope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :InsuranceContent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :InsuredEventType ] . :InsuranceOrganization :guid "bdff6dff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of #$InsuranceOrganization is an #$Organization that is primarily or significantly engaged in the insurance industry or whose activities focus on that industry. Both #$AetnaLifeAndCasualty-Corporation and The Texas State Board of Insurance would be instances of #$InsuranceOrganization. NOTE: the CYC ontology has this type ''InsuranceOrganization'' and its subtypes ''InsuranceProvider'' and ''InsuranceCompany'' but the distinctions between these are unclear. It appears that this type does not neessarily *provide* insturance, as regulatory bodies that regulate insurance providers are included. No obvious WN sense for this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :InsurancePremium :en "insurance premium" ; :takesValue :PercentNumber ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InsurancePremium'' is a subtype of ''Fee'', reqired to be aid in order to maintain an ''InsuranceAgreement'' with an insurance company. This can be a monthly or yearly or quarterly or semiannually premium, which can be represented by subtypes. The term needs to be specified for instances. the only WN sense of 'premium' related to this is a type of 'payment' which is too far from this type. The 'to be paid' in RHW def 3 is interpreted as a ''Fee'' (an attribute of the serice). RHW 'premium': 3. Insurance. the amount paid or to be paid by the policyholder for coverage under the contract, usually in periodic installments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fee . :InsurancePremiumPayment :wnsense "insurance premium1n", "premium1n" ; :wordnet "insurance premium", "premium" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''InsurancePremium'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is paid to an Insurance Company to maintain an Insurance Contract. The required Premium is a form of ''Fee'' (also called a 'premium') for the service of holding the Insurance contract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'premium' in WordNet: 1. (1) premium, insurance premium - (payment for insurance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaymentAmount, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :DepositingMoney ] . :InsuranceProvider :en "insurance provider" ; :guid "bd588b6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "insurance underwriter1n", "insurer1n", "underwriter3n" ; :wordnet "insurance underwriter", "insurer", "underwriter" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this sense of ''InsuranceProvider'' is not exactly thesame as the CYC or WN glosses appear to describe. NOTE: this is an Organization that provides insurance, but that is not necessarily its primary or exclusive function (in spite of the CYC gloss suggesting otherwise). For companies whose primary or exclusive function is to sell insurance, use the subtype ''InsuranceCompany''. This type could be,for example a professional organization that incidentally provides insurance to its members, or a credit card company that provides insurance related to purchases made with the card. CYC: A collection of organizations; a subcollection of #$ServiceOrganization. An instance of #$InsuranceProvider is an organization whose #$MainFunction is to provide financial and material protection to its clients in the event of sickness, death, natural disaster, loss, theft, lawsuits, etc. (Insurers may specialize in one or more of those areas.) Instances of #$InsuranceProvider may belong to either #$CommercialServiceOrganization or #$NonProfitOrganization (including insurance providers belonging to #$LegalGovernmentOrganization). Example instances include State Farm Insurance Co., Aetna Casualty Co., Lutheran Brotherhood, and all fifty members of U.S. #$StateMedicaidAdministrationOrganizations. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'insurer' in WordNet: 1. insurance company, insurance firm, insurer, insurance underwriter, underwriter - (a financial institution that sells insurance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InsuranceOrganization, :ServiceOrganization . :Insured :isAnAttributeValueOf :InsuredParty ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :InsuringSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Uninsured ; :wnsense "insured1adj" ; :wordnet "insured" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Insured'' is a AttributeValue of Things, the damage to or loss of which, will be compensated to some extent by an ''InsuranceProvider'' according to the terms of an ''InsuranceAgreement'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'insured' in Wordnet: 1. (1) insured - (covered by insurance; 'an insured risk'; 'all members of the film cast and crew are insured') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InsuredEventType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Event as one of their arguments. This is used specifically for the restriction on 'InsuranceAgreement'. Each instance of InsuredEventType is a type of Event that commonly is insured against in some InsuranceAgreement. Many kinds of Events *can* in principle be insured against, but this metatype is for those types of Events that *commonly* are insured against, or actually *have been* insured against, in some application that uses this ontology. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :InsuredParty :wnsense "insured1n" ; :wordnet "insured" ; a :InsuredPartyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''InsuredParty'' is the LegalAgent insured by an ''InsuranceAgreement'' (Person or Organization). Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'insured' in WordNet: 1. insured, insured person - (a person whose interests are protected by an insurance policy; a person who contracts for an insurance policy that indemnifies him against loss of property or life or health etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insured ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :InsuredPartyType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InsuredPartyType'' is a metaclass that is a subclass of both 'AgentType' and 'RoleType'. It is used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take insured parties (whether human or Organization) as their argument. @mod55 """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentRoleType . :InsuredPerson :wnsense "insured person1n", "insured1n" ; :wordnet "insured", "insured person" ; a :InsuredPartyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''InsuredPerson'' is a ''Person' who is insured by (Person or Organization). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insured' in WordNet: 1. insured, insured person - (a person whose interests are protected by an insurance policy; a person who contracts for an insurance policy that indemnifies him against loss of property or life or health etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InsuredParty, :Person . :Insurgency :guid "c0a70337-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "insurgence1n", "insurgency1n" ; :wordnet "insurgence", "insurgency" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A subset of #$ConflictEvent and #$PoliticalEvent. Each element of #$Insurgency is an organized event in which some agent or agents attempt to overthrow a government. Insurgencies often involve armed conflict. NOTE: this is not for non-violent political or factional 'insurgencies' within an Organization. NOte: need distinction between this and parent ''Rebellion''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'insurgency' in WordNet: 1. insurgency, insurgence - (an organized rebellion aimed at overthrowing a constituted government through the use of subversion and armed conflict) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :PoliticalEvent, :Rebellion . :InsuringSomething :CYC "Underwriting" ; :en "covering", "insuring", "underwriting" ; :guid "c1363461-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "insure" ; :wnsense "cover14v", "insure3v", "insure4v", "underwrite2v" ; :wordnet "cover", "insure", "underwrite" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each InsuringSomething an instance of MakingAnAgreement in which an InsuranceAgreement is produced. CYC 'Underwriting': The collection of #$Events in which an #$IntelligentAgent guarantees to secure another #$IntelligentAgent against risk or loss in consideration of some payment, usually in the form of a premium or interest. Corresponds to verb senses 3 and 4 of 'insure' in WordNet - the two senses are indistinguishable, though they have different hypernyms: in WordNet: 3. (2) cover, insure, underwrite - (protect by insurance; 'The insurance won't cover this') 4. (1) insure - (take out insurance for) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnAgreement, :MoneyTransaction, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :InsuranceAgreement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GuaranteeingSomething ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :InsurancePremiumPayment ] . :Intact :wnsense "entire2adj", "intact1adj", "integral2adj" ; :wordnet "entire", "intact", "integral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intact'' is an attribute of something (usually an Object) that remains without loss of any functional part, after some period of time or after some event that might have reduced its integrity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intact' in Wordnet: 1. (5) integral, entire, intact - (constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged; 'a local motion keepeth bodies integral'- Bacon; 'was able to keep the collection entire during his lifetime'; 'fought to keep the union intact') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Complete . :Intake :wnsense "intake2n" ; :wordnet "intake" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Intake'' is a ''Portal'' in some Device that allows a Fluid to enter, to be used or processed of further transported in some fashion. This is for intake only and is not for openings to containers solely for the purpose of storage, where the stored material it will later be removed from the container. e.g. an air intake in a combustion engine or the external ar intake in a ventilating system Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'intake' in WordNet: 2. intake - (an opening through which fluid is admitted to a tube or container) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Entrance, :FluidConduit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Device ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnteringSomething ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ] . :IntangibleExistingThing :guid "bd58b123-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$IntangibleIndividual and #$SomethingExisting. Instances of #$IntangibleExistingThing exist stably in time (unlike instances of #$Event), but lack any material parts (unlike instances of #$PartiallyTangible). Notable specializations of #$IntangibleExistingThing include #$DevisedPracticeOrWork and #$Agreement.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntangibleIndividual . :IntangibleIndividual :guid "bd58e3e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of wholly intangible individuals, a specialization of both #$Intangible and #$Individual. Instances of #$IntangibleIndividual are immaterial, and thus do not have mass, color, or other tangible qualities. Examples include mathematical objects (such as numbers, functions, and relations), attributes, time intervals, space regions, and events. Excluded are sets and collections because, although intangible, they are not individuals. COSMO note: this may be a @#superfluous class, and is included mostly to try to relate to the CYC hierarchy, which includes 'partially tangible' things. However, this differs from CYC usage in that, in COSMO, light is not 'intangible' (i.e. abstract), but considered as material (has mass). """ ; rdfs:label "IntangibleIndividual" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEntity . :Integer :wnsense "integer1n", "whole number1n" ; :wordnet "integer", "whole number" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A negative or nonnegative whole number. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'integer' in Wordnet: 1. (5) integer, whole number - (any of the natural numbers (positive or negative) or zero) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RationalNumber . :IntegerString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """IntegerString is an AbstractString which is a representation of an integer, and which has only the numerical characters 0 through 9 in it.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumberString . :Integrated :ened "desegregated" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Desegregating ; :isTheOppositeOf :Segregated ; :wnsense "integrated3adj" ; :wordnet "integrated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Integrated'' is specifically for the social state of being open to and/or containing persons with diverse racial backgrounds,particularly African-Americans as well as white Europeans and Hispanics. Although this applies to situations or groups that have never been legally ''Segregated'' racially, the forms of segregation in the USA have been so diverse and subtle (particularly due to de facto segregation of residential areas) that something truly 'integrated' is likely to have arrived at that state by some conscious effort at ''Desegregating''. Although 'desegregated' should apply only to those situations that were once segregated, the consideration above suggest that 'desegregated' has become a synonym with 'integrated'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'integrated' in WordNet: 3. integrated - (not segregated; designated as available to all races or groups; 'integrated schools') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :IntegratedCircuit :guid "a38cc683-31fc-11d6-9eca-0002b34b8539" ; :wnsense "integrated circuit1n", "microcircuit1n" ; :wordnet "integrated circuit", "microcircuit" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SemiconductorDevice. Each instance of #$IntegratedCircuit is a device that contains more than one component and is fabricated on a silicon wafer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'integrated circuit' in WordNet: 1. integrated circuit, microcircuit - (a microelectronic computer circuit incorporated into a chip or semiconductor; a whole system rather than a single component) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :SemiconductorDevice . :Integrity :isMoreIntenseThan :Honesty ; :wnsense "integrity2n" ; :wordnet "integrity" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Integrity'' is a ''BehavioralDisposition'' that inclines a person to be not only ''Honest'' - to tell the truth, but to avoid doing anything else that is generally considered as morally or ethically improper. Essentially, ''Integrity'' is a more consistent and higher degree of 'honesty', with the added attribute of adhering to ethical principles that are not generally included in 'honesty', such as fair dealing in business, where one doesn't merely not lie, but discloses facts that are relevant to a deal even when the disclosure is not required by law - not to take unfair advantag others in business dealings. A Person with ''Integrity '' will admit the truth of an assertion even if s/he doesn't like the fact and even if it reflects badly on him/her. This is a ''MentalState'' that has some of the characteristics of an attribute. This is one form of ''PersonalEthics''. RHW 'integrity' definition makes 'integrity' and 'honesty' as very close: : adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral character; honesty. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'integrity' in WordNet: 2. (1) integrity - (moral soundness; 'he expects to find in us the common honesty and integrity of men of business'; 'they admired his scrupulous professional integrity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Honesty . :Intellect :ldoce "mind" ; :wnsense "intellect1n", "mind7n" ; :wordnet "intellect", "mind" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Intellect' is a MentalObject that is the part of the Mind in which the processes of Thinking and Reasoning (as contrasted with Feelings) are 'located'. 'Intellect' is not a a PhysicalObject, but may be considered as an informal way to refer to the parts of the Brain that are responsible for thinking rationally as contrasted with emotions. CAVEAT: a 'MentalObject' is an Object created by a Mind. Here, an Intellect is part of a Mind and is a MentalObject, suggesting that Minds create themselves. Not clear if this is a logical problem. Each Intellect is part of some Mind, but the restriction value is the type 'Mind' and does not require that the 'Mind' be reified. Longman's vocabulary has 'mind' but not 'intellect', and the term 'mind' is probably used there (in one sense) in the same sense as 'Intellect' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intellect' and sense 7 of 'mind' in WordNet: 1. (5) mind, intellect - (knowledge and intellectual ability; 'he reads to improve his mind'; 'he has a keen intellect') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mind ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :Intellectual :pertainsTo :Intellect, :Intelligence ; :wnsense "intellectual1adj" ; :wordnet "intellectual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intellectual'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Intelligence'' generally or to the ''Intellect'' particular. The 'cerebral' pertaining to the ''Cerebrum'' is ''Cerebral''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intellectual' in Wordnet: 1. (10) intellectual - (of or relating to the intellect; 'his intellectual career') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :IntellectualPerson :wnsense "intellectual1n" ; :wordnet "intellectual" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Intellectual'' is a ''SmartPerson'' Thise type is for senses 7 and 8 of 'intellectual' in RHW: 7. a person who places a high value on or pursues things of interest to the intellect or the more complex forms and fields of knowledge, as aesthetic or philosophical matters, esp. on an abstract and general level. 8. an extremely rational person; a person who relies on intellect rather than on emotions or feelings. Corresponds to art of noun sense 1 of 'intellectual' in WordNet: 1. (3) intellectual, intellect - (a person who uses the mind creatively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmartPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeepReasoning ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IQ130 ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Learned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Intellectually :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Intellectual ; :pertainsTo :Intellect ; :wnsense "intellectually1adv" ; :wordnet "intellectually" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intellectually'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives to assert that they are to be interpreted with respect to the ''Intellect''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'intellectually' in Wordnet: 1. (2) intellectually - (in an intellectual manner; 'intellectually gifted children'; 'intellectually influenced') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Intelligence :wnsense "intelligence1n" ; :wordnet "intelligence" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Capability to learn, understand, and think. This category includes the low levels of intelligence found in some of the more intelligent non-human animals such as apes and dolphins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intelligence' in Wordnet: 1. (7) intelligence - (the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentActionType ] . :IntelligenceQuotient :wnsense "I.Q.1n", "IQ1n", "intelligence quotient1n" ; :wordnet "I.Q.", "IQ", "intelligence quotient" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IntelligenceQuotient'' (usually referred to as 'IQ') is a ''PositiveInteger'' that measures the ability of a Person to perform certain types of mental tasks, especially reasoning and learning. It is typically measured by a written test, but can also be measured by other techniques. The number 100 is intended to represent the level of intelligence of the average person, but that can vary with the group being measured, and in a particuar population may change over time. Numbers below 60 are seriously mentally deficient,and above 160 are considered as near genius level. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intelligence quotient' in WordNet: 1. intelligence quotient, IQ, I.Q. - (a measure of a person's intelligence as indicated by an intelligence test; the ratio of a person's mental age to their chronological age (multiplied by 100)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intelligence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntegerValue ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:int ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :Intelligent :en "having a high IQ" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Stupid ; :ldoce "clever" ; :wnsense "bright3adj", "intelligent1adj", "smart3adj" ; :wordnet "bright", "intelligent", "smart" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Intelligent' is the attribute of someone who has a significantly higher than average intelligence. Intelligence has multiple aspects, and this is the broadest sense. More specific aspects of intelligence are represented by 'Clever', 'Apt', 'Discriminating', 'Imaginative' and (for the results of intelligent action) 'Ingenious' NOTE that the AttributeValue 'Intelligence' (an AgentCapability) can be applied to animals and machines and has multiple levels, including very low ones, so it is not the same as this attribute, which applies only to people. The sense of 'Intelligent' in the phrase 'intelligent agent' is represented by the term 'Intelligence' in COSMO, not the term 'Intelligent'. The LDOCE word 'clever' seems to include this sense, as the words 'intelligent' and 'smart' do not appear in the LDOCE defining vocabulary. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intelligent' in WordNet: 1. (4) intelligent - (having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree; 'is there intelligent life in the universe?'; 'an intelligent question') WN adj 'smart': 3. (2) bright, smart - (characterized by quickness and ease in learning; 'some children are brighter in one subject than another'; 'smart children talk earlier than the average') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonTraitValue . :IntelligentActionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ActionType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Action as their argument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :IntelligentAgent a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An IntelligentAgent is an agent (Person, Organization, GroupOfPeople, or possibly spirits or an intelligent machine) that can form plans, use knowledge in plans, and can (usually, except for some AI machines) communicate in language. Some activities, such as buying things, can only be performed by an IntelligentAgent. Among the natural animals, only people qualify for this status - in this respect, this category differs from the definition given by Cyc (below). Groups of people, or organizations whose acts are in fact carried out by people (or machines directed by people), can be considered as IntelligentAgents - by the convention that the acts carried out by people who are authorized to act in the name of an organization are acts of the organization. (see Organization). To some degree, existing or future computers may also have such a capacity, and would fit into this category, even if the range of linguistic inputs that would generate an appropriate response may be much more limited than for an adult human;'intelligence' is therefore a quantitative attribute, which has a range of values. NOTE that this category needs to be carefully axiomatized so that the system will recognize blocking conditions that may prevent the understanding of language in specific circumstances: for example, an individual person will only understand one or a small number of languages; a person will understand language only when conscious and awake, and able to perceive the input. A human baby will not understand language at birth, and will develop that capacity gradually; nevertheless a human baby is an instance of this Type. Implementing the use of such blocking conditions will be complex, but including any agent type that can normally understand some human or near-human language appears to be preferable to creating a subtype of human that can qualify absolutely as understanding language, without conditions. NOTE that a Person is an IntelligentAgent, and therefore a DeadPerson is also an IntelligentAgent. In most circumstances, one would not consider a DeadPerson as being able to understand language, unless one is within a belief system where spirits survive bodily death. Death is one of the potential blocking conditions for language understanding that will need to be interpreted in context. NOTE that as of 2017, there were no machines that acted primarily for their own benefit, and any action taken by a machine is to be attributed to the agency of the person, organization, or GroupOfpeople who directed that machine to act. This is similar to the Cyc #$IntelligentAgent, but COSMO 'IntelligentAgent' excludes non-human animals: Cyc: A specialization of #$Agent-Generic (q.v.) whose instances are all agents capable of knowing and acting, and of employing their knowledge in their actions. An intelligent agent #$knowsAbout certain things, and having #$beliefs (and possibly #$goals) concerning those things may influence its actions. As with agents generally, an intelligent agent might be a single individual or might consist of a group of individual agents (see #$MultiIndividualAgent). Thus persons are intelligent agents, and so are certain social beings like business and government organizations. Some non-human instances of #$Vertebrate that seem to be sentient and somewhat intelligent, such as (arguably) dogs and horses, can also be considered intelligent agents. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntentionalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :IntelligentAgentType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IntelligentAgentType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''IntelligentAgent'' as their argument. Each IntelligentAgent is capable of acting as an agent, and this type is therefore a subtype of 'AgentType'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentType, :LocationType . :IntelligentArtifact :en "intelligent artifact" ; :enn "intelligent artifact" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An IntelligentArtifact is an artifact (physical object or software artifact) that can perform some agentive functions without direct supervision of a person. IntelligentArtifacts may be autonomous (not under control of any other agents) or Automatons. A fully independent robot, if one existed, would be autonomous, and able to perform functions for its own purposes without consulting a master. An Automaton would have its actions controlled, directly or indirectly, by some other agent, and would perform actions on behalf of that other agent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveArtifact, :IntelligentAgent . :Intemperance :wnsense "intemperance1n" ; :wordnet "intemperance" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intemperance' in WordNet: 1. intemperance - (the quality of being intemperate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unrestraint . :IntendedMeaning :en "intended meaning" ; :enn "intended meaning" ; :wnsense "intent2n", "meaning2n", "purport1n", "spirit6n", "substance4n" ; :wordnet "intent", "meaning", "purport", "spirit", "substance" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''IntendedMeaning'' of some ''Communication''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'intent' in WordNet: 2. (2) intent, purport, spirit - (the intended meaning of a communication) WN 'meaning': 2. (32) meaning, substance - (the idea that is intended; 'What is the meaning of this proverb?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheMeaningRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Communication ] . :IntendedResult a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IntendedResult'' is a ''GoalSituation'' that is intended to be the result of some ''PurposefulAction''. This may be a single Event, or a group of Events, all of which contribute to the motivation ('purpose') for the ''PurposefulAction'' that produces the ''IntendedResult'. NOTE: This is for the *primary* intended result. An Action may have other results such as an ''AccopanyingResult'' which is not the primary intended result, and may be expected or unexpected, or unwanted or merely tolerated. An unwanted ''AccopanyingResult'' is represented as a ''SideEffect''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoalSituation, :Result, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PurposefulAction ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ] . :Intending :en "intending", "meaning" ; :ldoce "intend", "mean" ; :wnsense "intend1v", "mean1v", "think7v" ; :wordnet "intend", "mean", "think" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A stative MentalEvent in which some Agent intends to do some Action. The subtype 'IntendToCommunicate' is used to express the intention of the speaker to convey some propositional content to the audience. The two restrictions are somewhat redundant: ''Intending'' produces an Intention ''Intending'' refersToExternalEntity a Plan, Proposition, or Action type the Intention produced will usually reference the Plan, Proposition, or Action type. @ToDo: not clear if this is unnecessary, or whether the linguistic reference to 'Intention' is independently useful. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intend' and verb sense 1 of 'mean' in WordNet: 1. (33) intend, mean, think - (have in mind as a purpose; 'I mean no harm'; 'I only meant to help you'; 'She didn't think to harm me'; 'We thought to return early that night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, :StrictlyMentalEvent, :WillingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PlannedAction :Proposition :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Intention ] . :IntendingToSay :ldoce "intend", "mean" ; :wnsense "intend3v", "mean1v" ; :wordnet "intend", "mean" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'IntendingToSay' is an Intending in which some Agent intends to convey some information to another agent. This is the sense of 'mean' when a person is asked 'what did you mean' in response to a statement. 'YunowotImeen?' Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'intend'and sense 1 of 'mean' in WordNet: 3. (4) mean, intend - (mean or intend to express or convey; 'You never understand what I mean!'; 'what do his words intend?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proposition ] . :Intense :isMoreIntenseThan :Moderate ; :wnsense "acute2adj", "intense1adj", "intense2adj", "terrific1adj" ; :wordnet "acute", "intense", "terrific" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Intense' is an AttributeValue of things that can be ranked on some scale of intensity, indicating that they are on the upper level (greater than 0.6 where 1 is maximum) of that scale. This is broadly applicable to properties like heat, odor, or light; diseases; natural phenomena such as wind, hurricane, earthquake; feelings and poolitical views, and other things. For a more intense attribute, use 'Extreme' Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'intense' in WordNet: 1. (23) intense - - (in an extreme degree; 'intense heat'; 'intense anxiety'; 'intense desire'; 'intense emotion'; 'the skunk's intense acrid odor'; 'intense pain'; 'enemy fire was intense') 2. acute, intense - - (extremely sharp or intense; 'acute pain'; 'felt acute annoyance'; 'intense itching and burning') WN adj 'terrific': 1. (3) terrific - (very great or intense; 'a terrific noise'; 'a terrific thunderstorm storm'; 'fought a terrific battle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Intensely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Intense ; :wnsense "intensely1adv" ; :wordnet "intensely" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intensely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an attribute (usually in the for of an adjective) to create an attribute that is qualitatively similar, but quantitatively greater (or 'deeper' for feelings). Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'intensely' in Wordnet: 1. (3) intensely - (in an intense manner; 'he worked intensely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Intensifying :en "deepening", "enhancing", "intensifying" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :LoweringaValue ; :wnsense "compound1v", "deepen1v", "heighten2v", "heighten3v", "heighten6v", "intensify2v" ; :wordnet "compound", "deepen", "heighten", "intensify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intensifying'' is an Action of IntelligentAgent(s) in which some agent or Group causes an 'intensity' of some kind to increase. This can be to raise the intensity level of some 'IntensiveAttributeValue'', or to increase some property that is considered as an 'intensity', such as the rate of rain falling, or the level of Sound or light. 'The light from the nova intensified over several hours' (got brighter) 'The din intensified as more people joined.' (got louder) When emotions 'intensify' they can be said to 'deepen' This includes senses that represent transitive verbs, with an agent as *subject and some value as *object. NOTE: an ''Intensifying'' that is pleasant is represented by the subtype ''Enhancement''. Includes to verb sensed 2 of 'intensify' and sense 1 of 'enhance' and senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'heighten' in WordNet: 2. (2) intensify, compound, heighten, deepen - (make more intense, stronger, or more marked; 'The efforts were intensified', 'Her rudeness intensified his dislike for her'; 'Pot smokers claim it heightens their awareness'; 'This event only deepened my convictions') WN verb 'heighten': 2. (1) heighten - (make more extreme; raise in quantity, degree, or intensity; 'heightened interest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Escalation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heightened ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Intensity :ldoce "degree", "level" ; :wnsense "degree2n", "intensity2n", "level1n", "level3n" ; :wordnet "degree", "intensity", "level" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of Intensity is a value (high, low, medium, VeryHigh, etc.) which specifies the value of an IntensiveAttribute. The values of an IntensiveAttribute will cover broad ranges and will not in general be mutually exclusive, as the ranges may overlap, and may depend on subjective judgments. The sense of 'stage of development' of some process is represented as 'StageOfDevelopment' As with a QualitativeAttributeValue, an Intensity does not contain a Quantifier. But its verbally expressed values do contain some aspects of quantity, but not expressed in numbers, rather the levels are relative to other attributes in a series of itensities. Linguistically this concept may be expressed as a 'degree', a 'level', or an 'intensity'. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'level' (the part reflecting quality is not included). There is no exact WordNet sense of 'Intensity' that conveys this concept: sense 2 of 'intensity' represents only a high degree of intensity, rather than the scale of intensity represented here: in WordNet: 1. (467) degree, grade, level - (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; 'a moderate grade of intelligence'; 'a high level of care is required'; 'it is all a matter of degree') WN 'intensity' (covers only part of this concept) 2. (12) intensity, intensiveness - (high level or degree; the property of being intense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :Intensive :wnsense "intensive1adj" ; :wordnet "intensive" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Intensive' is an AttributeValue of ''HumanActivity''s that require more than a modest amount of time, effort, or conentrated attention. NOTE: this is approximate meaning - needs more detail for all the components. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intensive' in Wordnet: 1. (4) intensive - (characterized by a high degree or intensity; often used as a combining form; 'the questioning was intensive'; 'intensive care'; 'research-intensive'; 'a labor-intensive industry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intense . :IntensiveAttribute a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An IntensiveAttribute is an Attribute that consists of an AttributeType and an Intensity. The values of an IntensiveAttribute will cover broad ranges and will not in general be mutually exclusive, as the ranges may overlap, and may depend on subjective judgments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attribute . :IntensiveAttributeValue a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'IntensiveAttributeValue' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and expresses an intensity of some AttributeType. This is very general. @ToDo2012: no relation takes this as domain or range as of rev987; need relations that use this type, and need more thought about whether subtypes or instances are appropriate for the values of such relations. Certain IntensiveAttributeValues may take both verbal intensive values (high'. 'medium', 'low'. and numerical values 'the drug is only 25% effective at preventing cancer'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :IntensiveAttributeValueType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """IntensiveAttributeValueType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of IntensiveAttributeValue as their argument. @ToDo: values should be disjoint with PertainingAttributeValues,but as yet (r915) no systematic search to add type to PertainingAttributeValues. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeType . :Intention :ldoce "intention" ; :wnsense "aim1n", "design5n", "intent1n", "intention1n", "purpose1n" ; :wordnet "aim", "design", "intent", "intention", "purpose" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Intention is MentalObject within a 'IntentionalAgent' that refers to some future Action that the agent intends to participate in, in some capacity. A necessary part of an Intention is a Plan to do something. See 'Plan'. Because an Intention is difficult to describe in any other way, the most generic 'part' relation, 'hasPart' is used to relate an Intention to the Plan that it includes. NOTE the difference between a 'purpose' and an 'Intention' in COSMO: in COSMO, a 'purpose' is represented by the type 'Goal' (a MentalObject), which references a desired 'GoalSituation', but an 'Intention' references a 'Plan' (also a MentalObject), which is a method to achieve a desired 'GoalSituation'. These notions are closely related. An instance of 'Intention' can be created when an agent's intentions are not known; if the end goal of an agent's intentions are known, they can then be related to the Intentions through the Plan and its GoalSituation. An Intention, as a MentalObject, must be in the mind of some IntentionalAgent; an intention is related to that agent by a relation of the form: {Intention isInTheMindOf IntentionalAgent}. NOTE: much of this meaning is similar to that of ''GoalSituation'' - @ToDO: review and possibly reduce duplication. The representation of this notion is complex in OWL, since it involves specifying two related things: there is a future Action; and the Agent will participate in that Action (of course all Future Actions are contingent, but *if* the *specific* FutureAction that is referenced occurs, the Agent *will* be a participant). Note that the Agent does not have to desire the FutureAction to occur - the Agent may be *forced* to participate, and have an Intention to participate, because not to participate would entail some undesirable consequences, which might be trivial (disappointing someone) or serious (loss of the Agent's life). This is one distinction between an Intention and a Goal - a 'Goal' in COSMO references a FutureSituation that the Agent desires to happen - for the Agent's own purposes. An Agent may have an Intention to participate in some FutureAction only because it is an imposed Obligation. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'intention' in WordNet: 1. (12) purpose, intent, intention, aim, design - (an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; 'his intent was to provide a new translation'; 'good intentions are not enough'; 'it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs'; 'he made no secret of his designs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Plan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInTheMindOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ] . :Intentional :hasAdverbialForm :Deliberately ; :isTheOppositeOf :Automatic, :Unintended ; :ldoce "conscious" ; :wnsense "conscious1adj", "deliberate1adj", "intended1adj", "intentional1adj", "knowing2adj", "purposeful1adj", "wilful1adj", "willful1adj", "witting2adj" ; :wordnet "conscious", "deliberate", "intended", "intentional", "knowing", "purposeful", "wilful", "willful", "witting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Actions that specifies that an Agent performed the Action with the purpose of achieving the result expected or accomplished. This contrasts with actions that are accidental, unconscious, or automatic (such as Consciousness, which is an Action in COSMO). There is only one relevant sense in Random Hose Webster; 1. done with intention or on purpose; intended: an intentional insult. The 3 WordNet senses of 'intentional' are difficult to tell apart, except that part of sense 2 in which 'designed' is used appears to have a different meaning. This type includes all 3 WordNet senses, but does not include the sense of 'designed' that is represented by the examples. 'willful' is sometimes used in a similar sense, as indicated by the quote for sense 1 of 'willful' in RHW: 1. deliberate, voluntary, or intentional: The coroner ruled the death willful murder. . . . however, the example for 'willful' in WN sense 3 of 'intentional' is a different sense, corresponding to sense 2 of 'willful' in RHW and sense 2 in WN: 2. unreasonably stubborn or headstrong; self-willed. Therefore WN sense 3 of 'intentional' is a mixed sense In COSMO 'Willful' represents an attribute that includes not only intention, but defiance (knowing that someone else objects), so is a subtype. This corresponds to all 3 adjective senses of 'intentional', adjective sense 1 of 'deliberate', adjective sense 2 of 'knowing' and in WordNet: 1. (2) deliberate, intentional, knowing - (by conscious design or purpose; 'intentional damage'; 'a knowing attempt to defraud'; 'a willful waste of time') 2. designed, intentional - (done or made or performed with purpose and intent; 'style...is more than the deliberate and designed creation'- Havelock Ellis; 'games designed for all ages'; 'well-designed houses') 3. intentional, willful, wilful - (done by design; 'the insult was intentional'; 'willful disobedience') WN WN Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'conscious' and WN sense 2 of 'witting' and partly to sense 2 which is a mixed sense, WN and sense 1 of'purposeful' in WordNet: 1. (7) conscious, witting - (intentionally conceived; 'a conscious effort to speak more slowly'; 'a conscious policy') WN adj 'purposeful': 1. (2) purposeful - (serving as or indicating the existence of a purpose or goal) WN adj 'intended': 1. (4) intended - (intentional or planned; 'your intended trip abroad'; 'an intended insult') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voluntary . :IntentionalAgent :FIBO "autonomous agent" ; :SUMO "CognitiveAgent" ; :en "autonomous agent" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An IntentionalAgent is an Agent that (typically) has the capacity to form a plan of action. Therefore an IntentionalAgent is an Agent to whom some purpose may be assigned - even if only the purpose of survival. The level of intentionality required to belong to this category is not as high as that required to belong to the more specific category of 'IntelligentAgent'. Therefore computer programs that do not approach human-level linguistic capacity, but have some level of intentionality (in this ontology 'SoftwareAgents') will fit in this category. But to belong to this category a computer program must have a high degree of autonomy - it must be able to reason about situations and form plans that were not directly preprogrammed. As of 2008 it is uncertain whether any such programs exist. NOTE: an IntentionlAgent may be fictional. Other Labels: Agent-Generic[Cyc] Agent[DOLCE] SentientAgent[SUMO] @ToDo: NOTE that an IntentionalAgent does not necessarily have to be a PhysicalObject (as of v0.52) because the subtype SoftwareAgent is not a PhysicalObject, and spirits that in religion or folklore have agentive powers are also not PhysicalObjects.. IntentionalAgent is disjoint from Artifact-NonAgentive. This category will also include some non-human animals that can be said to be able to form some plans, however primitive. As of COSMO version 0.3, we include only mammals under this class. If it is shown that other animals can form primitive plans, at that time they may also be added as subtypes of this category. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 #$Agent-Generic is the collection of all agents, or things (like #$Animals, #$Robots, #$DivineBeings, etc.) that have desires and intentions and the presumed ability to act on them. An instance of this collection may be an instance of #$AgentiveArtifact or #$Agent (but not both). In SUMO, 'CognitiveAgent' appears to be the approximate equivalent. SUMO: An Agent that has rights but may or may not have responsibilities and the ability to reason. If the latter are present, then the Agent is also an instance of CognitiveAgent. Domesticated animals are an example of SentientAgents that are not also CognitiveAgents. DOLCE: agent: A catch-all class used to join agentive objects (either physical or social). Agents are dispositionally so, in the sense that they internally represent descriptions, and in particular plans, goals and possible actions, but they do not necessarily act. In everyday language, agent is used in this sense, but also to tell that something has acted in a certain way, or to say that something has an initiator or leading role in some action. In DLP, the performs relation encodes these notions. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'autonomous agent': **FIBO note**: 'Agents, then, can be software agents, hardware agents, firmware agents, robotic agents, human agents, and so on. While software developers naturally think of IT systems as being constructed of only software agents, a combination of agent mechanisms might in fact be used from shop-floor manufacturing to warfare systems. The definition incorporated herein must be sufficiently general to account for these and other uses, such as for describing people and organizations who participate in broader processes and systems, for FIBO, other OMG standards and usage, and in general. Whether or not you restrict your view of agents to the software variety, most agree that agents deployed for IT systems are not useful without the following three important properties: (1) Autonomous - an agent is capable of acting without direct external intervention. Agents have some degree of control over their internal state and can act based on their own experiences. They can also possess their own set of internal responsibilities and processing that enable them to act without any external choreography. When an agent acts on behalf of (or as a proxy for) some person or thing, its autonomy is expected to embody the goals and policies of the entity that it represents. (2) Interactive - an agent communicates with the environment and other agents. Agents are interactive entities because they are capable of exchanging rich forms of messages with other entities in their environment. These messages can support requests for services and other kinds of resources, as well as event detection and notification. They can be synchronous or asynchronous in nature. The interaction can also be conversational in nature, such as negotiating contracts, marketplace-style bidding, or simply making a query. (3) Adaptive - an agent is capable of responding to other agents and/or its environment. Agents can react to messages and events and then respond appropriately. Agents can be designed to make difficult decisions and even modify their behavior based on their experiences. They can learn and evolve.' end **FIBO note** """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent . :IntentionalDestruction a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Events where an agent intentionally causes the destruction of something. NOTE that the 'something' can be a PhysicalObject, or some Action that is caused to stop being performed. This is geneeral, but if it is a stopping of an Action,it would also be an instance of 'StoppingEvent'' or some subtype of that. SUMO; The subclass of Damagings in which the patient (or an essential element of the patient) is destroyed. Note that the difference between this concept and its superclass 'Damaging' is solely one of extent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DamagingEvent, :DestructionEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImprovementEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ] . :IntentionalMemorizing :guid "bd58bfe4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "memorize" ; :wnsense "memorize1v" ; :wordnet "memorize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'IntentionalMemorizing' is a subtype of 'Memorizing' in which an intelligent agent deliberately repeats a process of learning something by observing, reading, or listening, and tests her/his recall to be sure that the information is in long-term Memory. 'cramming' (not yet represented in COSMO) is IntentionalMemorizing done shortly before a test. Corresponds to part of verb senses 1 of 'memorize' in WordNet: 1. (6) memorize, memorise, con, learn - (commit to memory; learn by heart; 'Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Memorizing . :IntentionalMentalEvent :guid "bfde8dd4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "have in mind1v", "mean6v", "think of4v" ; :wordnet "have in mind", "mean", "think of" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent and #$IntentionalMentalSituation (qq.v.). This is the collection of (at least partially) mental events whose instances are characterized by intentionality: they are of or about some thing external to themselves. Thoughts and acts of perception are two common types of intentional mental events. Thus, a particular act of thinking about the Eiffel Tower and a particular act of seeing the Eiffel Tower are both intentional mental events, each having (at least) the Eiffel Tower as their object. Any thing whatsoever can in principle be the object of an intentional mental event: I can think about a certain physical object, an #$Event, a #$Relation, an attribute, a #$Proposition, a mental state (my own or another's), a set, a #$Collection, or anything else. Mental events that are _not_ intentional, and thus not in this collection, include non-localized pain experiences, and at least some instances of #$ExperiencingEmotion (q.v.). Note that, although they are indirectly related (see e.g. #$PurposefulMentalActivity), the sense of intentional described above is not to be confused with its other sense as an antonym of accidental . Nor is it to be confused with the logico-semantic concept of _intensional_ meaning. See also #$IntentionalMentalState, #$objectOfMentalSituation, and #$thinksAbout. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'have in mind' in WordNet: 1. (8) think of, have in mind, mean - (intend to refer to; \"I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France\"; \"Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntentionalMentalSituation, :MentalEvent, :PurposefulAction . :IntentionalMentalSituation :guid "bdc339c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the restriction requires that the Agent who is experiencing the MentalSituation be specified. Cyc: A collection of mental states and events whose instances are characterized by intentionality: they are of or about some thing external to themselves. Thoughts, acts of perception, and propositional attitudes are three common types of intentional mental situations. Thus, a particular act of thinking about the Eiffel Tower, an event of seeing the Eiffel Tower, and a given subject's believing that the Eiffel Tower is in Paris are three intentional mental situations, all having (at least) the Eiffel Tower as their object. Any thing whatsoever can in principle be the object of an intentional mental situation: I can think about a given physical object, an event, a relation, an attribute, a proposition, a mental state (my own or another's), a set, a collection, or anything else. (Note that the above mentioned belief about the Eiffel Tower and Paris is arguably not itself about the _proposition_ that the Eiffel Tower is in Paris. But now note that my belief in the content of the sentence preceding this one clearly _is_, in part, about that proposition.) Mental situations that are _not_ intentional, and thus not in this collection, include moods, itches, and pain experiences. Note that, although they are indirectly related (see e.g. #$PurposefulMentalActivity), the sense of intentional described above is not to be confused with its other sense as an antonym of accidental . See also #$IntentionalMentalEvent, #$IntentionalMentalState, #$objectOfMentalSituation, and #$thinksAbout.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :MentalSituation-SingleSubject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intentional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ] . :IntentionalProcess :isaSynonymOf :PurposefulAction ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO equivalent of 'PurposefulAction'" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :IntentionalPsychologicalProcess :isaSynonymOf :PurposefulMentalActivity ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SUMO concept, aproximately equivalent to 'PurposefulMentalActivity'""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Intently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Engrossed ; :wnsense "intently1adv" ; :wordnet "intently" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An adver that characterizes a action of reading, listeniing, or watching to assert that it was performed in an ''Engrossed'' (intent absorbed) manner, paying full attention. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'intently' in Wordnet: 1. (4) intently - (with strained or eager attention; 'listened intently'; 'stood watching intently') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :InterAgentSituation-TwoAgent :guid "bd66e328-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of reified relationships between two agents. Such relationships exist in time and change over time, so #$SomethingExisting is an allgenls.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :StaticSituation . :InterCultural :en "intercultural" ; :pertainsTo :GroupOfNations ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InterCultural'' is the attribute of something that involves two or more cultures or the relations or interactions between them. RHW 'intercultural': pertaining to or taking place between two or more cultures: intercultural exchanges in music and art. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Interacting :eng "interacting" ; :wnsense "interact1v", "interaction1n", "interaction2n" ; :wordnet "interact", "interaction" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The concept of ''Interacting'' is a mutual ''AffectingSomething'' in which two (or more) entities affect each other in some way. One entity may be more significantly affected than the other. This is a fundamental concept for physical interactions,but also includes mental Events (such as associating ideas) and social interactions. ***** The somewhat similar SUMO concept of 'DualObjectProcess' is represented by the COSMO type ''DualObjectEvent'', an interaction between two Objects. This more general type''Interacting'' does not require that the participants be Objects. ***** The only OpenCYC type that refers to 'interact' per se is : owl:Class rdf:ID=\"InterActorSlot\" comment: A specialization of #$BinaryPredicate. Each instance of #$InterActorSlot is a binary predicate that relates two individuals who are participants in some particular event. For example, #$authorOfPublication-IBT is an instance of #$InterActorSlot, since (#$authorOfPublication-IBT X Y) implies the existence of a #$Writing event in which X is the author and Y is the book written. Other examples of #$InterActorSlot are #$agreeingAgents, #$artisticWorksCreated, #$spouse, and #$wornOn. /rdfs:comment guid: bd58f091-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270 type: rdf:resource='#PredicateType' subClassOf: rdf:resource='#ObjectPredicate' subClassOf: rdf:resource='#BinaryPredicate' /owl:Class ******* Includes verb sense 1 of 'interact'and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'interaction' in WordNet: 1. (2) interact - (act together or towards others or with others; 'He should interact more with his colleagues') WN noun 'interaction': 1. (15) interaction - (a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting) 2. interaction, fundamental interaction - ((physics) the transfer of energy between elementary particles or between an elementary particle and a field or between fields; mediated by gauge bosons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Interaction :wnsense "interaction1n" ; :wordnet "interaction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Interaction' is a 'MultiPersonAction' that is characterized by the participation of two or more 'Person''s, or GroupOfPeople, or Organization (i.e. either an individual or collective human agent), and each of which takes the initiative at some point to communicate with one or more of the others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interaction' in WordNet: 1. (15) interaction - (a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiAgentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Communication ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :Interactive :pertainsTo :Interacting, :Interaction ; :wnsense "interactional1adj", "interactive2adj" ; :wordnet "interactional", "interactive" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Interactive'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Interacting'') of people or inanimate objects, or of ''Interaction'' between people. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'interactive' in Wordnet: 2. interactional, interactive - (capable of acting on or influencing each other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Intercepting :wnsense "intercept1v", "interception1n", "stop8v" ; :wordnet "intercept", "interception", "stop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Intercepting'' is specific for a Government performing an ''AppropriatingProperty'' while it is in transit. The part of WN 'interception' for private persons intercepting things in transit should be broken out as a separate sense. @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intercept' in WordNet: 1. (5) intercept, stop - (seize on its way; 'The fighter plane was ordered to intercept an aircraft that had entered the country's airspace') WN noun 'interception' (part, for government actions): 1. interception - (the act of intercepting; preventing something from proceeding or arriving; 'he resorted to the interception of his daughter's letters'; 'he claimed that the interception of one missile by another would be impossible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppropriatingProperty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConveyingMaterials ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :Interchange :wnsense "interchange1n" ; :wordnet "interchange" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Interchange'' is a ''GenericIntersection'' of (at least two different) ''Roadway''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interchange' in WordNet: 1. (5) interchange - (a junction of highways on different levels that permits traffic to move from one to another without crossing traffic streams) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericIntersection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Roadway ] . :Intercommunication :wnsense "intercommunication1n" ; :wordnet "intercommunication" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intercommunication'' is a ''Communication'' in which two or more people (or ''IntelligentAgent''s more generally) perform ''Communication''s about the same Topic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intercommunication' in WordNet: 1. intercommunication - (mutual communication; communication with each other; 'they intercepted intercommunication between enemy ships') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Interdependent :isAnAttributeValueOf :Group ; :wnsense "interdependent1adj", "mutualist1adj", "mutually beneficial1adj" ; :wordnet "interdependent", "mutualist", "mutually beneficial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interdependent' in Wordnet: 1. (3) interdependent, mutualist, mutually beneficial - (mutually dependent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dependent . :Interdiction :en "interdiction" ; :eng "interdicting" ; :enn "interdiction" ; :guid "bfd89f1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "interdict1v" ; :wordnet "interdict" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To interdict is to prevent, hinder, or delay the enemy's use of an area or route. Interdiction is conducted to complement and reinforce other ongoing offensive or defensive operations. An interdiction tasking must specify the enemy force to be interdicted. It must also specify the area or route to be interdicted, how long the interdiction is to be in effect, defined either as a length of time or some event that must occur before the interdiction is lifted or the exact effect desired from the interdiction. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'interdict' in WordNet: 1. interdict - (destroy by firepower, such as an enemy's line of communication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DestructionEvent, :MilitaryAttack, :Preventing . :Interdisciplinary :pertainsTo :MultipleDisciplines, :Polymath ; :wnsense "interdisciplinary1adj" ; :wordnet "interdisciplinary" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interdisciplinary' in Wordnet: 1. interdisciplinary - (drawing from or characterized by participation of two or more fields of study; 'interdisciplinary studies'; 'an interdisciplinary conference') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Interest :guid "bfa34ea6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "interest" ; :wnsense "interest1n", "involvement3n" ; :wordnet "interest", "involvement" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling that causes a person to pay attention to something. As a DirectedFeeling, the 'something' that one has an Interest in is related by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interest' in WordNet: 1. (306) interest, involvement - (a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something; \"an interest in music\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Perceiving-Voluntary ] . :Interest-Monetary :ldoce "interest" ; :takesValue :PercentNumber ; :wnsense "interest4n" ; :wordnet "interest" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Interest-Monetary' is a 'Fee' paid by one party for a loan of money from another. The value may be expressed as a 'MoneyMeasure', or MoneyMeasure per unit time, or as a percentage (usually implying per year, as 5% per year). See also 'PercentageAttributeValue' Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'interest' in WordNet: 4. (111) interest - (a fixed charge for borrowing money; usually a percentage of the amount borrowed; 'how much interest do you pay on your mortgage?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fee, :PeriodicCharge . :InterestGroup a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SocialGroup having some common interests, but unlike a ''Community'' not necessarily being otherwise connected. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interest group' in WordNet: 1. interest, interest group - ((usually plural) a social group whose members control some field of activity and who have common aims; \"the iron interests stepped up production\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGroup . :InterestGroupMember :en "interest group member" ; :ldoce "member" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An InterestGroupMember is a member of an ''InterestGroup''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Member, :PartyInRole . :InterestPayment :ldoce "interest" ; :wnsense "interest4n" ; :wordnet "interest" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'InterestPayment' is a MoneyObject that is paid for the use of borrowed money. The payment is income to one party, and expenditure to another. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'interest' in WordNet: 4. (111) interest - (a fixed charge for borrowing money; usually a percentage of the amount borrowed; 'how much interest do you pay on your mortgage?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicPayment . :Interested :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Interest ; :wnsense "interested1adj" ; :wordnet "interested" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Interested'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing the Feeling of ''Interest'' in something. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interested' in WordNet: 1. (27) interested - (having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern; 'an interested audience'; 'interested in sports'; 'was interested to hear about her family'; 'interested in knowing who was on the telephone'; 'interested spectators') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abnormal, :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Interesting :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Interest, :PayingAttention ; :isTheOppositeOf :Boring, :Dull ; :ldoce "interest", "interesting" ; :wnsense "interest2n", "interesting1adj" ; :wordnet "interest", "interesting" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of events or objects or texts (abstract or physical) that cause the observer (or reader) to pay attention, to observe better or learn more. A stronger attribute subtype would be ''Fascinating''. Linguistically this attribute is signalled not only by adjectives like 'interesting' but also by phrases such as 'holds no interest' (= not interesting), 'nothing of interest' (of interest = interesting); 'add interest' (= make more interesting). Thus the linguistic markers are both 'interesting' and 'interest' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interesting' and noun sense 1 of 'interest' in WordNet: 1. (28) interesting - (arousing or holding the attention) WN noun 'intersest' 2. (164) interest, interestingness - (the power of attracting or holding one's attention (because it is unusual or exciting etc.); 'they said nothing of great interest'; 'primary colors can add interest to a room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Salient . :InterestingThing :en "interesting thing", "object of interest", "thing of interest" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''InterestingThing'' is anything that is interesting to some Agent - and this is only relative to the Agent, as different agentswill consider different things to be ''Interesting''. This is reified to allow representation of categories otherwise difficult to classify, such as the noun ''PriorityItem''. 'Interesting' is broadly construed here, as things such as ''Task'' are interesting in that they need to be paid attention. includes 'AttentionWorthy'?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interesting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingAttention ; owl:onProperty :perceivingCausesMentalEvent ] . :InterestingaPerson :wnsense "interest1v", "interest3v", "matter to1v" ; :wordnet "interest", "matter to" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''InterestingaPerson'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' Event that causes an IntelligentAgent (or animal?) to be in a state of ''Interest'' - causing that agent to pay attention. This is both the Event causing Interest, and the Perception of that Event since the Perception is necessary for the interest to follow. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and 3 of 'interest' (hard to tell the difference) in WordNet: 1. (5) interest - (excite the curiosity of; engage the interest of) 3. (1) matter to, interest - (be of importance or consequence; 'This matters to me!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArousingAnEmotion, :CausingAnAttributeChange, :CausingaMentalEvent, :InterestingThing, :Perceiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interest ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InterestingThing ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interesting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interested ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Interestingly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Interesting ; :wnsense "interestingly1adv" ; :wordnet "interestingly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'interestingly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) interestingly - (in an interesting manner; 'when he ceases to be just interestingly neurotic and...gets locked up'- Time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Interface :wnsense "interface1n" ; :wordnet "interface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Interface'' is a two-dimensional surface, which is located between two PhysicalObjects, which can either solid or liquid on either or both sides. This is classified as a ''barrier'' because it can, at least in the case of two liquids, be a barrier that prevents dissolved substances from migrating into the opposite phase. For solids, such as in transistors,it can be a barrier to migration of electrons - a stretch for a ''barrier'', but meaningful. The relation ''hasMaximumThicknessInCentimeters'' can but need not be used to be specific about how deep an interface can go. Usually it is very thin (less than 1 millimeter) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interface' in WordNet: 1. (3) interface - ((chemistry) a surface forming a common boundary between two things (two objects or liquids or chemical phases)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetlikeBarrier, :Surface-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :PairOfObjects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumThicknessInCentimeters ] . :Interfering :en "interfering" ; :guid "c07935e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hinderance3n", "hindrance3n", "interfere2v", "interference1n", "interference2n", "intervention2n" ; :wordnet "hinderance", "hindrance", "interfere", "interference", "intervention" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of (#$AttemptingFn #$PreventFromHappening) and #$ConflictEvent. Each instance of #$Interfering is an #$Action aimed at thwarting or hindering another agent's action. An instance of #$Interfering need not 'prevent' an agent's action, but it must make that action more difficult for the agent to perform; otherwise, it is just an instance of (#$AttemptingFn #$Interfering). For an Action by an agent that comnpletely prevents some action by another agent, use ''BlockingAction''. Sense 1 of 'interfere' is represented by relation 'hinders' WN 'interfere': 1. (11) interfere - (come between so as to be hindrance or obstacle; 'Your talking interferes with my work!') Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'interfere' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'interference' in Wordnet: 2. (3) intervene, step in, interfere, interpose - (get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action, or through force or threat of force; 'Why did the U.S. not intervene earlier in WW II?') WN noun 'interference': 1. (3) intervention, interference - (a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries) 2. (3) hindrance, hinderance, interference -- (the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :ConflictEvent, :Hindrance, :Impeding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Interim :isAnAttributeValueOf :Meantime, :Nonce ; :isTheOppositeOf :Eternal, :Permanent ; :wnsense "interim1adj" ; :wordnet "interim" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Interim'' is an attribute of something that occurs in a 'Meanwhile'' TimeInterval. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interim' in Wordnet: 1. (2) interim - (serving during an intermediate interval of time; 'an interim agreement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Temporary . :Interior :wnsense "interior1n" ; :wordnet "interior" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Interior' is a PhysicalSpaceRegion that is inside of and does not extend to the surface of an Object or larger PhysicalSpaceRegion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interior' in WordNet: 1. (16) inside, interior - (the region that is inside of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, :PhysicalSpaceRegion ; owl:disjointWith :SurfacePortion . :InteriorDecoration :wnsense "decor1n", "interior decoration1n" ; :wordnet "decor", "interior decoration" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''InteriorDecoration'' are the group of ''Decoration'' objects that are on the inside of a ''HumanOccupationConstruct'' of any kind, having decorative purpose and possibly utility as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interior decoration' in WordNet: 1. interior decoration, decor - (decoration consisting of the layout and furnishings of a livable interior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Decoration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanOccupationConstruct ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Interjection :wnsense "interjection1n" ; :wordnet "interjection" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A brief phrase that is intended to inject a comment (usually of agreementor diagreement) while another person is speaking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interjection' in Wordnet: 1. ejaculation, interjection - (an abrupt emphatic exclamation expressing emotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Intermediary :wnsense "go-between1n", "intercessor1n", "intermediary1n", "intermediator1n", "mediator1n" ; :wordnet "go-between", "intercessor", "intermediary", "intermediator", "mediator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Intermediary'' is a ''Representative'' who acts to assist two pr more parties to arrive at an agreement. RHW: 'broker' sense 2 (senses 1 and 3 are the subtype ''Broker'') 2. a person who functions as an intermediary between two or more parties in negotiating agreements, bargains, or the like. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intermediary' in WordNet: 1. (1) mediator, go-between, intermediator, intermediary, intercessor - (a negotiator who acts as a link between parties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Representative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingAnAgreement ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mediating ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Intermediate :contrastsWith :FirstOfaSeries, :Last ; :wnsense "average4adj", "intermediate1adj", "medium1adj" ; :wordnet "average", "intermediate", "medium" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intermediate'' is an attribute of something that is neither 'high' nor 'low' nor 'first' nor 'last', i.e. in between two quantitative extremes in any of various ways, e.g. size, time. Can be subdivided into time and quantity subtypes?? The terms ''FirstOfaSeries'', ''Intermediate'' and ''Last'' are used to refer to places in a series that do not have ordinal numbers (except for ''FirstOfaSeries'' being essentially identical to ''First'' but logically distinct and used with different relations). Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'intermediate' in WordNet: 1. (12) intermediate - (lying between two extremes in time or space or degree; 'going from sitting to standing without intermediate pushes with the hands'; 'intermediate stages in a process'; 'intermediate stops on the route'; 'an intermediate level') 2. (1) average, intermediate, medium - (around the middle of a scale of evaluation of physical measures; 'an orange of average size'; 'intermediate capacity'; 'a plane with intermediate range'; 'medium bombers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :IntermentRite :ldoce "burial", "bury" ; :wnsense "burial1n", "bury2v", "entomb1v", "inter1v", "interment1n" ; :wordnet "burial", "bury", "entomb", "inter", "interment" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A formal rite accompanying the interment of the body of a person. This does not include cremation, nor informal hasty burials. Some kind of ceremonial actions must be included. Placing the body in any kind of tomb, below or above ground, is included. NOTE that this action is primarily a burying Action, and the ceremonies are included. A funeral service that precedes the burial is not an instance of this type. For a commemoration meeting that is not held at the site of burial (including funeral masses at a church), use 'Funeral'. Includes noun sense of 'burial' and verb sense 2 of 'bury' and noun sense 1 of 'interment'and verb sense 1 of 'entomb' and verb sense 1 of 'inter' in WordNet: WN noun 'burial': 1. (5) burial, entombment, inhumation, interment, sepulture - (the ritual placing of a corpse in a grave) WN verb 'bury': 2. (6) bury, entomb, inhume, inter, lay to rest - (place in a grave or tomb; 'Stalin was buried behind the Kremlin wall on Red Square'; 'The pharaohs were entombed in the pyramids'; 'My grandfather was laid to rest last Sunday') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuryingSomething, :Ceremony, :Rite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanCorpse ] . :Interminable :isTheOppositeOf :Temporary ; :wnsense "endless1adj", "interminable1adj" ; :wordnet "endless", "interminable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Interminable'' is the attribute of some Event or Action that *seems* to be going on 'forever' though it may not be objectively very long. Using this attribute expresses a feeling. of boredom. Something that goes on too long Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interminable' in WordNet: 1. (4) endless, eternal, interminable - (tiresomely long; seemingly without end; 'endless debates'; 'an endless conversation'; 'the wait seemed eternal'; 'eternal quarreling'; 'an interminable sermon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongLasting . :Intermission :wnsense "break7n", "intermission2n", "pause1n" ; :wordnet "break", "intermission", "pause" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Intermission'' is a ''TimeInterval'' at the start of which some Event that had been occurring pauses and during which that Event does not occur, and after which the Event resumes. The co-occurring ''PersistentState'' is represented as a ''Pause''. This type represents the TimeInterval during which activities are suspended, not the Event that caused the suspension, nor the Event (PersistentState) that represents the suspended activities. in WordNet: WN noun 'pause': 1. (12) pause, intermission, break, interruption, suspension - (a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pause ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganizationAction ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :Intern :en "intern" ; :enn "intern" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Intern'' is a 'Trainee' in a formal ''Internship'' position. This is the general sense; a medical 'intern' would be a subtype. RHW: 3. a person who works as an apprentice or trainee in an occupation or profession to gain practical experience, and sometimes also to satisfy legal or other requirements for being licensed or accepted professionally. No WN sense for the general type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trainee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Internship ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Internal :isTheOppositeOf :External ; :ldoce "inner" ; :wnsense "inner1adj", "internal1adj", "internal2adj" ; :wordnet "inner", "internal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Located inside of some Object, Group, or Organization e.g. an InternalOrgan; not on the surface or extending to the surface of an Object; not External. This AttributeValue can characterize Objects, Processes, or Events. Every PhysicalObject that is 'Internal' is located at some Interior, i.e., the Internal part of some larger PhysicalObject. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'internal' and sense 1 of 'inner' in WordNet: WN 'internal': 1. (11) internal - (happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface; 'internal organs'; 'internal mechanism of a toy'; 'internal party maneuvering') 2. (1) internal, intragroup - (occurring within an institution or community; 'intragroup squabbling within the corporation') WN adj 'inner': 1. (16) inner, interior, internal - (located inward; 'Beethoven's manuscript looks like a bloody record of a tremendous inner battle'- Leonard Bernstein; 'she thinks she has no soul, no interior life, but the truth is that she has no access to it'- David Denby; 'an internal sense of rightousness'- A.R.Gurney,Jr.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InternalAnatomicalPart :en "internal anatomic part" ; :enn "internal anatomic part" ; :guid "bdc6db2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$InternalAnatomicalPart is a specialization of #$OrganismPart. Each instance of #$InternalAnatomicalPart is a part of the internal anatomy of an organism. Example subcollections include #$CirculatorySystem and #$MiddleEar. NOTE that this includes only solid parts; blood and lymph are not included here. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyRegion, :BodyPart, :SolidObject . :InternalAttribute :takesValue :InternalAttributeValue ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Attribute of an Entity that is an internal property of the Entity, e.g. its shape, its color, its fragility, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :InternalAttributeValue a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The values that InternalAttributes take: e.g. shape, its color, its fragility, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :InternalBodyFluid :en "internal body fluid" ; :wnsense "bodily fluid1n", "body fluid1n", "humor6n", "humour4n", "liquid body substance1n" ; :wordnet "bodily fluid", "body fluid", "humor", "humour", "liquid body substance" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """InternalBodyFluids are fluids found in the bodies of animals. Unlike secretions such as sweat, they will have organic materials as the main significant constituent, and therefore are categorized as 'OrganicSubstance'. Corresponds to part (excluding tears and sweat) of noun sense 1 of 'body fluid' in WordNet: 1. liquid body substance, bodily fluid, body fluid, humor, humour - (the liquid parts of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyFluid, :OrganicSubstance . :InternalBodySounds :en "internal body sounds" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InternalBodySounds'' are the sounds generated by bodily actions in side a body, of greatest interest those being of human bodies, especially the heart and breathing sounds, for medical diagnostic actions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBody ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :InternalChange a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Processes which involve altering an internal property of an Object, e.g. the shape of the Object, its coloring, its structure, etc. Processes that are not instances of this class include changes that only affect the relationship to other objects, e.g. changes in spatial or temporal location.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent . :InternalCombustionEngine :guid "bd58b25e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ICE7n", "internal-combustion engine1n" ; :wordnet "ICE", "internal-combustion engine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Device that, when it runs, turns a crankshaft by controlled combustion of a fuel, often gasoline or diesel fuel, but possibly a gas such as natural gas or hydrogen. SUMO: InternalCombustionEngine is the subclass of Engines in which a heat reaction that occurs inside the engine is transformed into mechanical energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'internal-combustion engine' in WordNet: 1. internal-combustion engine, ICE - (a heat engine in which combustion occurs inside the engine rather than in a separate furnace; heat expands a gas that either moves a piston or turns a gas turbine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Engine, :FuelPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VehicleFuel ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :InternalCombustionPoweredDevice :guid "bd58be57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$FuelPoweredDevice and #$SelfPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice is a device powered by an internal combustion engine. Specializations of #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice include #$Motorboat and #$RoadVehicle-InternalCombustionEngine.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FuelPoweredDevice, :SelfPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalCombustionEngine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :InternalMedicine :wnsense "general medicine1n", "internal medicine1n" ; :wordnet "general medicine", "internal medicine" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'internal medicine' in WordNet: 1. internal medicine, general medicine - (the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and (nonsurgical) treatment of diseases of the internal organs (especially in adults)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalOrgan ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Internist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :InternalOrgan :guid "befc0c68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the restriction needs modification - @ToDo: should be somevaluesFrom Interior or some type that is a part of an Organism. Cyc: A specialization of #$InternalAnatomicalPart. #$InternalOrgan is the collection of all organs (see the collection #$Organ) that are also instances of #$InternalAnatomicalPart. Specializations of #$InternalOrgan include #$Liver, #$Stomach, #$Heart, and #$Brain.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalAnatomicalPart, :Organ, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Internal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interior ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :InternalState a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each InternalState is a PersistentState in which some set of component parts of a System maintain a stable configuration (the properties of the components and relations among them are constant within the limits considered significant) for some interval of time. The system can be a living organism or part of an organism, or some artifact that is designed to have alternative internal states (such as a thermostat). Feelings of cognitive agents are example of InternalState.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState . :Internalizing :wnsense "interiorise1v", "interiorize1v", "internalise1v", "internalize1v" ; :wordnet "interiorise", "interiorize", "internalise", "internalize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Internalizing'' is type of ''Incorporating'' in which a Person comes to include within her/his own beliefs and feelings something not previously included. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'internalize' in WordNet: 1. (2) internalize, internalise, interiorize, interiorise - (incorporate within oneself; make subjective or personal; 'internalize a belief') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Incorporating . :Internally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Internal ; :pertainsTo :InsideOfSomething ; :wnsense "internally1adv" ; :wordnet "internally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Internally'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes Events that occur 'inside' something. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'internally' in Wordnet: 1. (2) internally - (on or from the inside; 'an internally controlled environment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :International :ldoce "international" ; :pertainsTo :GroupOfNations ; :wnsense "international1adj" ; :wordnet "international" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'International' is the attribute of something - an Action or Object, that is performed by, belongs to, or otherwise pertains to some Group of two or more Countries. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'international' in WordNet: 1. (19) international - (concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations; 'international affairs'; 'an international agreement'; 'international waters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :InternationalCommitteeForWeightsAndMeasures a :IntelligentAgent . :InternationalJihad :wnsense "international jihad1n", "jehad1n", "jihad1n" ; :wordnet "international jihad", "jehad", "jihad" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InternationalJihad'' is a long-term 'struggle' ( a 'Holy War') of a Muslim faction that aims to convert the world to Islam through military means, including terrorism. This is a type of ''War'' that may be performed by organized military groups, and/or including poorly organized terrorism or guerilla tactics. The term 'jihad' originally referred to a personal struggle for spiritual holiness, represented by entry ''Jihad''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'international jihad' in WordNet: 1. jihad, jehad, international jihad - (a holy war waged by Muslims against infidels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :War, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jihadist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :InternationalSportsCompetition :guid "bd58c081-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """International sports competitions, including the Olympics, Wimbledon, World Figure Skating competitions, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsCompetition . :InternationalStandardsOrganization a :CodingAuthority . :Internationally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :International ; :wnsense "internationally1adv" ; :wordnet "internationally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'internationally recognized'; 'internationally approved'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'internationally' in Wordnet: 1. (2) internationally - (throughout the world; 'She is internationally known') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Internet :en "Internet", "the internet" ; :wnsense "cyberspace1n", "internet1n", "net1n" ; :wordnet "cyberspace", "internet", "net" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Internet'' is a specific type of computer ''Network'' using specific protocols, though the physical parts of it may change from day to day. This includes the network referred to as 'The Internet'. According to the restriction, there may be more than one 'Internet' but to fit into this category that network has to include one set of servers ''InternetServers01'' that includes the computer ''InternetServer001'' Should This be an instance? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'internet' in Wordnet: 1. internet, net, cyberspace - (a computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerNetwork, :Path-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalComputer ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternetCommunication ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerFile-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternetServers01 ; owl:onProperty :containsObjects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternetServers01 ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :InternetAdvertisement :ldoce "advertisement" ; :wnsense "ad1n", "advert1n", "advertisement1n", "advertising1n", "advertizement1n" ; :wordnet "ad", "advert", "advertisement", "advertising", "advertizement" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'InternetAdvertisement' is an 'AbstractDocument' that is represented by any paid web page or part of a web page that is intended to cause people to buy things or to participate in some activity, or to promote a point of view such as political; this must be paid to the owner of a web site that has other content; web sites maintained by an organizatikon that promotes their prodcut or point of view are not considered 'InternetAdvertisement' in this sense. @ToDo: needs more detail. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advertisement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericWebPage ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :InternetBroadcasting :guid "bf3b601c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events and a specialization of #$MassCommunicating and #$InternetCommunication. In every instance of #$InternetBroadcasting, information is transmitted via the #$Internet and aimed at a great many agents. For example, an internet transmission of footage of court testimony aimed at the general public is an instance of #$InternetBroadcasting. A private email message is not.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disseminating, :InternetCommunication . :InternetCommunication :guid "bd648381-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Communicating and #$ComputerActivity. Each instance of this rather general collection is some kind of message-exchange that occurs over the #$Internet. Specializations of this collection include #$PostingToNewsgroup and #$OnlineChat.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NetworkCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Internet ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :InternetPublishing a :ActionType, :PublishingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''InternetPublishing'' is the posting on a publicly accessible WebPage of ay material that the published considers worthy of public attention. This include reputable Web news sites as well as blogers of all kinds. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MediaTransmitting, :Telecommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalComputer ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Internet ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ] . :InternetServer001 :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :IBM ; a :DigitalComputer ; rdfs:comment """A hypothetical computer server that is part of the ''Internet''. """ . :InternetServers01 :hasComponentElement :InternetServer001 ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ObjectGroup . :Internist :guid "bd588ae3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "internist1n" ; :wordnet "internist" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Internist'' is a doctor who specializes in disorders of ''InternalOrgan''s, mostly those located in the Torso. CYC: Internists are specialists in internal medicine, especially as distinguished from surgeons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'internist' in WordNet: 1. internist - (a specialist in internal medicine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalMedicine ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Internship :CYC "internship" ; :en "internship" ; :enn "internship" ; :guid "bdc95fce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The only sense of 'intern(ship) in WN is for medical intern(ship)s. This is for the general sense, of a JobPosition that is intended to not be permanent but to provide working experience for the Person thus employed. The work may be paid at or near the usual wage for such a job, or be completely unpaid, or something in between. CYC: The collection of typically unpaid job positions that are temporary and are sought for the experience of working in a particular field. RHW 'internship': 3. any official or formal program to provide practical experience for beginners in an occupation or profession: an internship for management trainees. 4. a position as a participant in such a program: She has accepted an internship in a law firm. internship """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JobSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmployee ; owl:someValuesFrom :Intern ] . :Interpersonal :isAnAttributeValueOf :HumanActivity, :SocialGroup, :SocialOrganization ; :wnsense "interpersonal1adj" ; :wordnet "interpersonal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interpersonal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) interpersonal - (occurring among or involving several people; 'interpersonal situations in which speech occurs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Social . :Interplay :wnsense "interplay1n" ; :wordnet "interplay" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Interplay'' A broad concept that is a ''Interacting'' with more than a single Action, such that each 'Agent' in the .''Interplay'' performs some Action affecting the other Agent. The 'Agents' can be of any type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interplay' in WordNet: 1. (2) interplay - (reciprocal action and reaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :Interacting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActingOnSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reaction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Interpretation :wnsense "interpretation1n", "reading5n", "version1n", "version5n" ; :wordnet "interpretation", "reading", "version" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Interpretation'' is a ''Notion'' located in the mind of some ''IntelligentAgent'' that is an ''AbstractRepresentation'' of some linguistic object, observed by or communicated to that ''IntelligentAgent'', or inferred from observations or communications. This is not necessarily the true ''Meaning'' of some linguistic assertion (oral or written), but is one ''IntelligentAgent'''s ''Notion'' (idea) of the meaning of that Assertion, Observation, or Situation. An ''Interpretation'' can be represented (described lingistically) by some 'AbstractText''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'interpretation' and sense 1 of 'version' in WordNet: 1. (11) interpretation, reading, version - (a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something) WN noun 'version': 1. (8) version - (an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint; 'his version of the fight was different from mine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning, :Notion, :Proposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Assertion :Meaning :Observation :LinguisticAssertion ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isInTheMindOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Communication :Reading :LinguisticAssertion ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractText ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :Interpreter :wnsense "interpreter1n", "translator2n" ; :wordnet "interpreter", "translator" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person whose task it is to translate spoken language from one language to another. An interpreter need not be a professional, but could be a bilingual person pressed into service for a specific occasion. This is distinguished from a 'Translator', who primarily translates written or recorded documents. This type is a subtype of 'PersonWithOccupation' but one who casually translates spoken language, not for a fee, is also an 'Interpreter' in that Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interpreter' and sense 2 of 'translator' in WordNet: 1. (4) interpreter, translator - (someone who mediates between speakers of different languages) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :TranslatingSpokenLanguage ] . :Interpreting :wnsense "construe1v", "interpret1v", "see24v" ; :wordnet "construe", "interpret", "see" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Interpreting'' is a subtype of 'Understanding' in which an IntelligentAgent decides which of more than one possible meaning is the most likely, either for the ''IntendedMeaning'' of a Phrase or work of art, causal interpretation of some Phenomenon or Observation or behavior. ('interpreting the evidence'; 'construing the law'; 'I see your meaning') Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'interpret' in WordNet: 1. (17) interpret, construe, see - (make sense of; assign a meaning to; 'What message do you see in this letter?'; 'How do you interpret his behavior?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrictlyMentalEvent, :Understanding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Interpretation ] . :Interpretive :pertainsTo :Interpreting ; :wnsense "interpretative1adj", "interpretive1adj" ; :wordnet "interpretative", "interpretive" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interpretive' in Wordnet: 1. interpretative, interpretive - (that provides interpretation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Interracial :pertainsTo :MultipleRaces, :RaceOfPeople ; :wnsense "interracial1adj", "interracial2adj", "mixed3adj" ; :wordnet "interracial", "mixed" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Racial'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to anything having people of more than one ''RaceOfPeople'' either in the same location or performing some activity together. 'mixed marriage' Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'interracial' in Wordnet: 1. interracial - (between races; 'interracial conflict') 2. interracial, mixed - (involving or composed of different races; 'interracial schools'; 'a mixed neighborhood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Racial . :Interrogating :wnsense "interrogate2v", "interrogation3n", "question2v" ; :wordnet "interrogate", "interrogation", "question" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which one person asks more than one question to another Person. Not necessarily done by Police. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'interrogate' and noun sense 3 of 'interrogation' in WordNet: 2. interrogate, question - (pose a series of questions to; 'The suspect was questioned by the police'; 'We questioned the survivor about the details of the explosion') WN noun 'interrogation: 3. interrogation, examination, interrogatory - (formal systematic questioning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asking, :InformationGathering . :InterrogativePronoun :en "interrogative pronoun" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'InterrogativePronoun' is a Pronoun that is used in questions, and serves as a place holder for the thing that is being inquired about. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun . :InterruptingEvent :ldoce "interrupt", "interruption" ; :wnsense "break up5v", "break1n", "cut off1v", "disrupt1v", "disrupt3v", "disturb4v", "interrupt1v", "interrupt3v", "interruption2n" ; :wordnet "break", "break up", "cut off", "disrupt", "disturb", "interrupt", "interruption" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An unplanned Event that causes a temporary or permanent cessation of an ongoing activity. This is the event causing the break in activity, not the break in activity itself (a 'Pause' in COSMO) nor the time interval during which activities are paused ('Intermission'). The restriction specifies that an InterruptingEvent causes either a Pause or a StoppingEvent - a temporary or permanent cessation of some activity. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'break' and noun sense 2 of 'interruption' in WordNet, to verb senses 1 and 4 of 'interrupt' (note that Wordnet senses 2 and 3 do not actually cause a break in the activity, but a slowdown or partial distraction) however, a 'break in the action' is represented by 'Pause' - in the example given, the Player getting hurt would be the InterruptingEvent causing the break in the action. in WordNet: WN noun 'interruption' 2. (1) interruption, break - (some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity; 'the telephone is an annoying interruption'; 'there was a break in the action when a player was hurt') WN verb 'interrupt' 1. (14) interrupt, disrupt, break up, cut off - (make a break in; 'We interrupt the program for the following messages') 2. (5) interrupt, disturb - (destroy the peace or tranquility of; 'Don't interrupt me when I'm reading') 3. (3) interrupt, disrupt - (interfere in someone else's activity; 'Please don't interrupt me while I'm on the phone') 4. interrupt, break - (terminate; 'She interrupted her pregnancy'; 'break a lucky streak'; 'break the cycle of poverty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:StoppingEvent :Pause :Inaction ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HumanActivity :ActionType ) ] ] . :Intersectant :isAnAttributeValueOf :LineIntersection, :LongAndThinThing ; :wnsense "decussate1adj", "intersectant1adj", "intersecting1adj" ; :wordnet "decussate", "intersectant", "intersecting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intersectant'' is an AttributeValue of ''LongAndThinThing''s that are arranged in an ''Intersecting'' state. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intersectant' in Wordnet: 1. decussate, intersectant, intersecting - (crossed or intersected in the form of an X) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Intersecting :en "come together", "coming together" ; :eng "converging" ; :wnsense "cross2v", "intersect1v", "intersection6n" ; :wordnet "cross", "intersect", "intersection" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Intersecting'' is a ''Converging'' (including a PersistentState) in which two or more ''LongAndThinThing''s (physical or abstract) are aligned so that some part (possibly as small as a point) of each is located at the same location. This is used for lines in an abstract space, paths and roads, other physical objects such as construction beams in a structure, or the abstract or physical representations of ''LongAndThinObject''s. NOTE: the WN gloss mentions 'meet at a point' - this includes meeting at a point for thin lines, but also includes meeting at an 'intersection' that occupies some physical space,such as a road intersection. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intersect' in WordNet: 1. (7) intersect, cross - (meet at a point) WN noun 'intersection': 6. intersection - (the act of intersecting (as joining by causing your path to intersect your target's path)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Converging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :Interstate :isAnAttributeValueOf :HumanActivity, :PhysicalObject ; :wnsense "interstate1adj" ; :wordnet "interstate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Interstate'' is an AttributeValue of Events that ocdur in more than one 'state' (country or US state), and of objects such as an ''InterstateHighway'' . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interstate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) interstate - (involving and relating to the mutual relations of states especially of the United States; 'Interstate Highway Commission'; 'interstate highways'; 'Interstate Commerce Commission'; 'interstate commerce') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shared . :InterstateHighway :wnsense "interstate highway1n", "interstate1n" ; :wordnet "interstate", "interstate highway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InterstateHighway'' is a ''Superhighway'' that links two or more states, and was built with the financial assistance of the US FederalGovernment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interstate highway' in WordNet: 1. interstate, interstate highway - (one of the system of highways linking major cities in the 48 contiguous states of the United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Superhighway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USA_State ; owl:onProperty :connects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Interstellar :pertainsTo :GroupOfStars, :InterstellarSpace, :SpaceTravel ; :wnsense "interstellar1adj" ; :wordnet "interstellar" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Interstellar'' is a pertaining attribute that pertains to the space between stars or things (Object or Events) that may characteristically exist in the space between stars, such as interstellar travel or cosmic radiation. NOTE: the term ''SpaceTravel'' is related, though it may be between planets or between a planet and its moon. Perhaps it can be replaced by 'interstellar travel' when that concept is represented in COSMO. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'interstellar' in Wordnet: 1. (4) interstellar - (between or among stars; 'the density of hydrogen in interplanetary and interstellar space') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :InterstellarSpace :wnsense "interstellar space1n" ; :wordnet "interstellar space" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interstellar space' in WordNet: 1. interstellar space - (the space between stars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interstellar ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfStars ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Intertwined :isAnAttributeValueOf :CordlikeObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Intertwining ; :wnsense "intertwined1adj" ; :wordnet "intertwined" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intertwined'' is the attribute of a Group of ''CordlikeObject''s or of any one of them that were twisted together in an ''Intertwining'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intertwined' in Wordnet: 1. (1) intertwined - (twined or twisted together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Intertwining :wnsense "enlace1v", "entwine2v", "interlace1v", "intertwine1v", "lace1v", "twine1v" ; :wordnet "enlace", "entwine", "interlace", "intertwine", "lace", "twine" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Intertwining'' is a ''Twisting'' Action causing two or more ''CordlikeObject''s to form spirals around each other, to form a larger ''CordlikeObject'' having all starting ''CordlikeObject''s as parts. This does not include the metaphorical senses. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intertwine' in WordNet: 1. (2) intertwine, twine, entwine, enlace, interlace, lace - (spin or twist together so as to form a cord; 'intertwine the ribbons'; 'Twine the threads into a rope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, :Twisting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Interviewer :wnsense "interviewer1n" ; :wordnet "interviewer" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'interviewer' in WordNet: 1. (2) interviewer - (a person who conducts an interview) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interviewing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Interviewing :en "interviewing" ; :guid "bd58fad1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ask" ; :wnsense "interview1n", "interview1v", "interview2n", "interview2v" ; :wordnet "interview" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which one or more agents interviews one or more other agents for the purpose of gathering information (usually about the interviewees, or about something in which they have a vested interest). This includes job interviews and media interviews. Job interviews are more specifically represented by ''JobInterview''. SUMO: A FormalMeeting whose purpose is to acquire information from the interviewee that can be used in a media report. Interviewing includes 'Asking' as a subevent; is it only 'asking'? @ToDo: consider if it is a true subtype. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 an verb senses 1 and 2 of 'interview' in Wordnet: 1. (7) interview - (the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited); often conducted by journalists; 'my interviews with teenagers revealed a weakening of religious bonds') 2. (3) consultation, audience, interview - (a conference (usually with someone important); 'he had a consultation with the judge'; 'he requested an audience with the king') WN verb 'interview': 1. (8) interview, question - (conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting) 2. (5) interview - (discuss formally with (somebody) for the purpose of an evaluation; 'We interviewed the job candidates') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asking, :FormalMeeting, :InformationGathering . :Intestate :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :LastWillAndTestament ; :wnsense "intestate1adj" ; :wordnet "intestate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intestate'' can apply to a living or a dead Person, whether living without a Will or having died without a Will. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intestate' in Wordnet: 1. intestate - (having made no legally valid will before death or not disposed of by a legal will; 'he died intestate'; 'intestate property') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :IntestinalGas :en "intestinal gas" ; :hasComponentSubstance :HydrogenSulfide ; :isInsideOf :Intestine ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Intestine ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IntestialGas'' is a mixture of gases of varied composition produced by and present in the ''Intestine'' of some animal. It often contains ''HydrogenSulfide'' ('rotten egg odor');by default this assumes that *some*.(perhaps only a trace of) ''HydrogenSulfide'' is contained. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GasMixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intestine ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intestine ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HydrogenSulfide ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Intestine :en "intestines" ; :ldoce "bowels" ; :wnsense "bowel1n", "gut1n", "intestine1n" ; :wordnet "bowel", "gut", "intestine" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus. Same as 'bowels'. In WordNet 'Bowel' and 'Intestine' are listed in the singular. The type can be thought (and is often referred to as) a plural because it includes the small and large intestine (singular). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bowel' and sense 1 of 'intestine' and sense 1 of 'gut' in WordNet: 1. intestine, bowel, gut - (the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan, :Sac-Organic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlimentaryCanal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Intimacy :wnsense "closeness1n", "intimacy3n" ; :wordnet "closeness", "intimacy" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intimacy'' is state and Feeling in which two or more people are very close and very friendly with another person,knowing and sharing personal things and feelings. The state in which people (usually only two) are intimate with each other. This can be applied to very close-knit families. RHW: 1. the state of being intimate. This does not include the sexual meaning of 'intimacy' as having sexual relations. That relation would be a separate type. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'intimacy' in WordNet: 3. closeness, intimacy - (a feeling of being intimate and belonging together; 'their closeness grew as the night wore on') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friendliness, :Friendship, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intimate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Intimate :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Intimacy ; :wnsense "close-knit1adj", "closely knit1adj", "intimate1adj" ; :wordnet "close-knit", "closely knit", "intimate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intimate'' is the attribute of a person who is very close and very friendly with another person: 'an intimate friend' It also applies to pairs of people: 'an intimate couple' It can also be used to refer to the relation between two people: 'an intimate relation with X' Includes a narrow part of 'close-knit'. perhaps should be a supertype. RHW 'close-knit' adj. tightly united, connected, or organized Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intimate' in WordNet: 1. (5) intimate - (marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity; 'intimate friend'; 'intimate relations between economics, politics, and legal principles' - V.L. Parrington) WN adj 'close-knit': 1. close-knit, closely knit - (held together as by social or cultural ties; 'a close-knit family'; 'close-knit little villages'; 'the group was closely knit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friendly . :Intimately :wnsense "closely2adv", "intimately1adv", "nearly2adv" ; :wordnet "closely", "intimately", "nearly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Intimately'' is not for social or personal intimacy, but for being 'close' in some conceptual relation. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'intimately' in Wordnet: 1. (2) closely, intimately, nearly - (in a close manner; 'the two phenomena are intimately connected'; 'the person most nearly concerned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :IntimidatingaPerson :eng "intimidating" ; :wnsense "determent1n", "deterrence2n", "intimidate1v", "intimidate2v", "intimidation4n" ; :wordnet "determent", "deterrence", "intimidate", "intimidation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IntimidatingaPerson'' is a ''FrighteningEvent'' that is a deliberate act of a Person who speaks or acts with the intention of causing another Person to do (or refrain fo doing) something to avoid being physically harmed. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'intimidate' in WordNet: 1. (2) intimidate - (make timid or fearful; 'Her boss intimidates her') 2. (1) intimidate, restrain - (to compel or deter by or as if by threats) WN noun 'intimidation': 4. determent, deterrence, intimidation - (a communication that makes you afraid to try something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrighteningEvent, :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingAThreat ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Intolerance :wnsense "intolerance1n" ; :wordnet "intolerance" ; a :BeliefType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'intolerance' in WordNet: 2. intolerance - (unwillingness to recognize and respect differences in opinions or beliefs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bias . :Intonation :wnsense "intonation1n", "modulation3n", "pitch contour1n" ; :wordnet "intonation", "modulation", "pitch contour" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intonation'' is a ''PronunciationManner'' (a ''MannerOfSpeaking'') characterized by the pattern of pitches within the syllables of words. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intonation' in WordNet: 1. (9) intonation, modulation, pitch contour - (rise and fall of the voice pitch) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MannerOfSpeaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pitch ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Intoxicated :guid "d58bbc32-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "intoxicated1adj" ; :wordnet "intoxicated" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of vertebrates that can show behavioral evidence of being influenced by some toxic material. This is for any kind of toxicity, not just from alcohol. For alcohol-specific intoxication, use the subtype 'Drunk'. This type includes 'intoxicated' by drugs ('high'). NOTE: this 'intoxicated is general for drugs and alcohol, but should be used only for drugs - For alcohol intoxication use subtype ''Drunk''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intoxicated' in Wordnet: 1. intoxicated, drunk, inebriated - (stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol); 'a noisy crowd of intoxicated sailors'; 'helplessly inebriated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :Intoxicating :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Inebriation ; :wnsense "intoxicant1adj", "intoxicating1adj" ; :wordnet "intoxicant", "intoxicating" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intoxicating'' is an attribute of PhysicalObjects or Substances (e.g. ''AlcogolicBeverage''s) or Actions that can cause ''Inebriation''. The more general type of things that can cause ''Intoxication'' that is *not* ''Inebriation'' is not yet (rev1659) represented. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intoxicating' in Wordnet: 1. intoxicant, intoxicating - (able to intoxicate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :IntoxicatingAnAgent :eng "intoxicating" ; :wnsense "intoxicate3v" ; :wordnet "intoxicate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IntoxicatingAnAgent'' is an Action that causes an Agent (usually a Person) to become 'intoxicated' by ingestion of ''AlcoholicBeverage''s or drugs, but this *excludes* 'intoxication' by ingestion of poisonous substances that are not ingested for the purpose of producing some relaxing or eupohoric Feeling. NOTE: the WN synset 2 for subtype ''MakingSomeoneDrunk'' is included to indicate that this sense includes that sense, but for specificity the alcohol intoxication whould use only 'intoxicate' sense 2 reprented by ''MakingSomeoneDrunk''. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'intoxicate' (which can be differetiated when needed) in WordNet: 2. intoxicate, soak, inebriate - (make drunk (with alcoholic drinks)) 3. intoxicate - (have an intoxicating effect on, of a drug) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intoxicated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :IntraBuildingTransportationDevice :guid "bd58d857-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Devices used to move people or goods within a building" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :TransportationDevice . :Intractability :wnsense "intractability1n", "intractableness1n" ; :wordnet "intractability", "intractableness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intractability' in WordNet: 1. intractability, intractableness - (the trait of being hard to influence or control) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intractable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Intractable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Intractability ; :wnsense "intractable1adj" ; :wordnet "intractable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Intractable'' can characterize stubborn animals or devices that do not perform as expected, or amore abstract things like pain. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intractable' in Wordnet: 1. (2) intractable - (not tractable; difficult to manage or mold; 'an intractable disposition'; 'intractable pain'; 'the most intractable issue of our era'; 'intractable metal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Intranet :wnsense "intranet1n" ; :wordnet "intranet" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Intranet'' is a ''ComputerNetwork'' using private lines of communication within some Organization or private facility, not directly accessible from outside the local group of commuters included, and not directly connected to the ''Internet'' other than by means of an intermediary 'proxy server' that serves to enhance security from external threats. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intranet' in WordNet: 1. intranet - (a restricted computer network; a private network created using World Wide Web software) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerNetwork, :Path-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalComputer ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NetworkCommunication ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerFile-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Private ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Intransigence :wnsense "intransigence1n", "intransigency1n" ; :wordnet "intransigence", "intransigency" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intransigence' in WordNet: 1. (1) intransigency, intransigence - (the trait of being intransigent; stubbornly refusing to compromise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obstinacy, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intransigent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Intransigent :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Intransigence ; :wnsense "adamant1adj", "adamantine3adj", "inexorable2adj", "intransigent1adj" ; :wordnet "adamant", "adamantine", "inexorable", "intransigent" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'adamant' in Wordnet: 1. (2) adamant, adamantine, inexorable, intransigent - (impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason; 'he is adamant in his refusal to change his mind'; \" Cynthia was inexorable; she would have none of him \" - W.Churchill; 'an intransigent conservative opposed to every liberal tendency') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obstinate . :IntransitiveEventType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of an intransitive Action (an ''Undergoing'' that has a 'patient' role, something experiencing a change) as one of their arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :Intravenous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Injecting-Intravenous ; :pertainsTo :Vein ; :wnsense "endovenous1adj", "intravenous1adj" ; :wordnet "endovenous", "intravenous" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intravenous' in Wordnet: 1. intravenous, endovenous - (within or by means of a vein; 'an intravenous inflammation'; 'intravenous feeding') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Intricate :wnsense "intricate1adj" ; :wordnet "intricate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intricate'' characterizes something that is not only itself ''Complex'' but also has at least one ''Complex'' component. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intricate' in Wordnet: 1. (7) intricate - (having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate; 'intricate lacework') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Complex . :Intriguing :isMoreIntenseThan :Interesting ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Curiosity ; :wnsense "intriguing2adj" ; :wordnet "intriguing" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intriguing'' (syn. 'enchanting') is an AttributeValue of something that causes a Feeling of ''Enchantment'' in a Person, a more intense feeling than one of just being 'interested', that includes some degree of ''Pleasure''. scheme, intrigue, conniv Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'intriguing' in Wordnet: 2. intriguing - (capable of arousing interest or curiosity; 'our team came up with some most intriguing finds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interesting . :Intrinsic :isTheOppositeOf :Extrinsic ; :wnsense "intrinsic1adj", "intrinsical1adj" ; :wordnet "intrinsic", "intrinsical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intrinsic''is an attribute of Things (properties or parts) are caused by or due to the properties and components of a thing in itself, and do not dependent on the relations of things to other things. Loctions and participation in Events are not 'intrinsic'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intrinsic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) intrinsic, intrinsical - (belonging to a thing by its very nature; 'form was treated as something intrinsic, as the very essence of the thing'- John Dewey) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent :guid "bd611277-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' is specifically for intransitive changes, where the main actor in causing the change is the thing changing. An ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' can be prompted by external Events (and usually is, as by learning things), but is not a necessary result of external events. If an ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' is commonly prompted by a specific external Event, that type of Evetn can be pointed to by a ''mayBeCausedBy'' relation. CYC: A specialization of #$Event-Localized. Each instance of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent is an event characterized primarily by a change in some intrinsic property of at least one main actor involved in the event. Such intrinsic changes may include changes of a thing's color, temperature, device state, or size. Events where the main change is extrinsic (such as a change in location or ownership) are not instances of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. In events which have more than one actor, the event may be an #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent for one actor but not for another. For example, in a #$FasteningSafetyBelt event, the #$SafetySeatBelt (the device used) goes from unconnected to connected (to itself), which is an intrinsic change; however, the agent who does the fastening does not change intrinsically, but only in his configuration to the belt, an external object. Another example: in a #$HairCuttingEvent, the hair that is cut undergoes an #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent due to its role in that kind of event, but the barber undergoes no intrinsic change due to the hair cutting. Note that some events, such as an ice cube melting into a small puddle of water, could be represented either as an #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent or as a #$PhysicalTransformationEvent, but not (within a single micro-theory) as both.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfState, :Undergoing . :IntroducingPeople :wnsense "acquaint1v", "introduce1v", "present9v" ; :wordnet "acquaint", "introduce", "present" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''IntroducingPeople'' is a ''PublicSpeaking'' that is performed at some social occasion (including public performances) by a Person acting as (formally or informally) a ''MasterOfCeremonies'' to control the timing of events for some audience. This is for public speaking, not for introducing one or two people to another at a private occasion. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'introduce' in WordNet, (in front of an audience), and is also broader, not necessarily intended to get two people to know each other, just to get an audience to know who the next performer is.: 1. (22) introduce, present, acquaint - (cause to come to know personally; 'permit me to acquaint you with my son'; 'introduce the new neighbors to the community') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, :PublicSpeaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ] . :IntroducingSomeone :eng "acquainting", "introducing" ; :ldoce "introduce", "introduction" ; :wnsense "acquaint1v", "introduce1v", "introduction3n", "present9v" ; :wordnet "acquaint", "introduce", "introduction", "present" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'IntroducingSomeone' is an Action in which one Person who is acquainted with two other people mediates the first meeting of those two other people, by telling each the name of the other person, and possibly also some other information. This is usually done in person, but this type includes the case where people are geographically separated and are communicating by electronic means, whether telephone conference call or video conference. To be an instance of this type, the two people 'meeting' for the first time must be able to speak directly to each other, in the presence (virtual or physical) of the person doing the introducing. An 'introduction' in a virtual reality setting is still an instance of this type, thought the personae of the people being introduced may differ from their real-lilfe personae.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'introduce' and noun sense 3 of 'introduction' in WordNet: WN verb 'introduce' 1. (22) introduce, present, acquaint - (cause to come to know personally; 'permit me to acquaint you with my son'; 'introduce the new neighbors to the community') WN nound 'introduction' 3. (1) presentation, introduction, intro - (formally making a person known to another or to the public) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OralConversation, :SociabilityBasedAction . :IntroductionToDocument :ldoce "introduction" ; :wnsense "introduction1n" ; :wordnet "introduction" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'IntroductionToDocument' is an abstract text that is the 'introduction' part of some AbstractDocument. This should be marked by a segment heading 'Introduction' or something similar. This is approximately similar to senses 1 of 'introduction' in WordNet: 1. (3) introduction - (the first section of a communication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :DocumentPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractDocument ] . :Introductory :pertainsTo :IntroductionToDocument ; :wnsense "introductory1adj" ; :wordnet "introductory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Introductory'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that can pertain to the 'introductory' part of a document or an 'introductory text' or the introductory part of a lesson or series of lessons, among other things. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'introductory' in Wordnet: 1. (3) introductory - (serving to open or begin; 'began the slide show with some introductory remarks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :IntroductoryText :en "introductory text" ; :enn "introductory text" ; :wnsense "introduction4n" ; :wordnet "introduction" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IntroductoryText'' is a 'TextBook-Abstract' that is ''Basic-Introductory'' and covers the most 'basic' aspects of a Field. 'chemistry 101' Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'introduction' in WordNet: 4. (1) introduction - (a basic or elementary instructional text) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextBook-Abstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Basic-Introductory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Introspection :eng "introspecting" ; :wnsense "introspect1v", "introspection1n", "self-contemplation1n", "self-examination1n" ; :wordnet "introspect", "introspection", "self-contemplation", "self-examination" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Introspection' is a form of ''Meditating'' about some internal Feelings or behaviors or attributes or attitudes of oneself . Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'introspect' in WordNet: 1. introspect - (reflect on one's own thoughts and feelings) WN noun 'introspection': 1. introspection, self-contemplation, self-examination - (the contemplation of your own thoughts and desires and conduct) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meditating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SituationProcessEventOrState ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] ; owl:disjointWith :Reasoning . :Intruder :wnsense "interloper1n", "intruder1n", "trespasser1n" ; :wordnet "interloper", "intruder", "trespasser" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Intruder'' is a ''Person'' who has performed an Action of ''Intruding'' or of 'Trespassing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intruder' in WordNet: 1. (1) intruder, interloper, trespasser - (someone who intrudes on the privacy or property of another without permission) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Intruding :Trespassing ) ] ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Intruding :wnsense "intrude1v", "irrupt1v" ; :wordnet "intrude", "irrupt" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intruding' is an ''EnteringSomething'' (usually a ''Room'', but possibly an otdoor gathering) where one or more people are present, when such entry is uninvited and unwelcome. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intrude' in WordNet: 1. (2) intrude, irrupt - (enter uninvited; \"They intruded on our dinner party\"; \"She irrupted into our sitting room\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intruder ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwelcome ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Intrusive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Intruding, :PryingAction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Intruding, :PryingAction ; :wnsense "intrusive1adj" ; :wordnet "intrusive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intrusive'' is an AttributeValue of an ''Intruding'' Action in which someone either enters a private place uninvited, or of a ''PryingAction'', and also characterizes the Person doing such actions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'intrusive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) intrusive - (tending to intrude (especially upon privacy); 'she felt her presence there was intrusive') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionAttribute . :Intuiting :en "intuiting" ; :wnsense "intuit1v" ; :wordnet "intuit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intuiting'' is a ''Believing'' which the Agent who believes something has arrived at that ''Believing'' by 'ThinkingIntuitively''. NOTE that the 'topic' here is specified as both a ''Suspicion'' (a weak belief) and a as ''Knowledge''. In this case, ''Knowledge'' is used loosely to include any level of knowing with widely varying degrees of evidence. In WordNet, 'intuiting' is a subtype of knowing, but in COSMO this is a subtype of ''''Believing''' (believing something) that may be mistaken or may be accurate, but is not arrived at by ''Reasoning'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intuit' in WordNet: 1. intuit - (know or grasp by intuition or feeling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Knowledge ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Suspicion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cognizant ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :Intuition :wnsense "intuition1n" ; :wordnet "intuition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intuition'' is a ''BasicCognitiveProcess'' that uses rapid ''pattern matching'' that derives conclusions or beliefs - weak or strong - from a multistep interaction of neural impulses, in which the steps are not explicitly recognized inconsciousness and cannot be traced. This is distinguished from ''Reasoning'' where the steps that lead to a conclusion are explicitly considered in consciousness. This is an ''Intuitive'' thinking process, distinguished from the ''Analytical'' process of ''Reasoning''. The dichotomy between ''Intuition'' and ''Reasoning' is similar to that described by Kahnemann in the book \" Thinking Fast and Slow \". Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intuition' in WordNet: 1. (4) intuition - (instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BasicCognitiveProcess . :Intuitive :isTheOppositeOf :Analytical ; :pertainsTo :Intuition ; :wnsense "intuitive2adj", "nonrational2adj", "visceral2adj" ; :wordnet "intuitive", "nonrational", "visceral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intuitive'' is an attribute applied to ''Mental'' Actions that use ''Intuition'', the rapid thought process that does not attempt to use mathematical or logical methods, but rapidly draws consclusions from one or more pieces of information or feelings based on memories or past experience in a manner that does not conduce to explaining the explicit considerations leading to the conclusion. This attribute contrasts with the ''Analytical'' thought process in which the mind explicitly and consciously consider the parts of things and their relations to infer conclusions allowing specification of the individual steps used in reaching a conclusion from input information. This dichotomy is similar to that described by Kahnemann in the book \" Thinking Fast and Slow \". Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'intitive' in Wordnet: 2. intuitive, nonrational, visceral - (obtained through intuition rather than from reasoning or observation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mental, :PertainingAttributeValue . :IntuitiveThought :wnsense "hunch1n", "intuition2n", "suspicion1n" ; :wordnet "hunch", "intuition", "suspicion" ; a :BeliefType, :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IntuitiveThought'' is a ''Notion'' produced by the intuitive thought process represented as ''Intuition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hunch' in WordNet: 1. (6) intuition, hunch, suspicion - (an impression that something might be the case; 'he had an intuition that something had gone wrong') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Notion . :Invader :wnsense "encroacher1n", "invader1n" ; :wordnet "encroacher", "invader" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Invader'' is a ''MilitaryOrganization'' that performs a ''MilitaryInvasion''. If a Country controls the ''MilitaryOrganization'', thta ''Country'' cold also be termed the ''Invader''. @ToDO: this type should be widened to include that possible use. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'invader' in WordNet: 1. (2) invader, encroacher - (someone who enters by force in order to conquer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryInvasion ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Invalid :isTheOppositeOf :Valid ; :wnsense "invalid1adj", "invalid2adj", "null1adj", "void1adj" ; :wordnet "invalid", "null", "void" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Invalid'' is a property of a Document or Right that no longer is or never was ''Valid''. IT may have expired or have been invalid because it was a forgery or wrongly issued.. the WN senses seem to have been mixed up - 'invalid reasoning' is not related to an 'invalid driver's license'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'invaid' and adjective sense 1 of 'void' in WordNet: 1. invalid - (having no cogency or legal force; 'invalid reasoning'; 'an invalid driver's license') 2. invalid - (no longer valid; 'the license is invalid') WN adj 'void': 1. (1) null, void - (lacking any legal or binding force; 'null and void') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Unuseable . :Invalidating :wnsense "invalidate4v", "vitiate3v", "void13v" ; :wordnet "invalidate", "vitiate", "void" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Invalidating'' is a ''Modification' of something that can take attributes 'valid' or 'invalid' so that the object becomes invalid. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'invalidate' in WordNet: 4. invalidate, void, vitiate - (take away the legal force of or render ineffective; 'invalidate a contract') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Invalid ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Invaluable :isMoreIntenseThan :Valuable ; :wnsense "invaluable1adj", "priceless1adj" ; :wordnet "invaluable", "priceless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Invaluable'' has a high degree of personal or institutional or cultural value such that no monetary value can express its value to the agent(s) to whom it is precious. This term is commonly used for things that are unique and irreplaceable. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'invaluable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) invaluable, priceless - (having incalculable monetary, intellectual, or spiritual worth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Valuable . :Invariable :wnsense "invariable1adj" ; :wordnet "invariable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'invariable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) invariable - (not liable to or capable of change; 'an invariable temperature'; 'an invariable rule'; 'his invariable courtesy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Invariably :en "always" ; :enadv "always" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Invariable ; :wnsense "invariably1adv" ; :wordnet "invariably" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Invariably'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions to assert that those facts always or in each instance have the characteritic followin this adverb. NOTE: 'invariably' can also be expressed in some situations as 'always' thought that word is not given as a synonym in WordNet. In RHW it is a synonym: RHW'always'; Syn.1. regularly, invariably, consistently. 2, 3. perpetually, everlastingly, continuously Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'invariably' in Wordnet: 1. (12) invariably - (in an invariable manner; 'invariably, he would forget his keys') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Invasive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Injecting, :SurgicalIncision ; :isTheOppositeOf :Noninvasive ; :wnsense "invasive1adj" ; :wordnet "invasive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'invasive' in Wordnet: 1. invasive - (relating to a technique in which the body is entered by puncture or incision) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InventingAsAnOccupation a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Occupation of inventing things for profit. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occupation . :InventingEvent :en "contriving", "devising", "excogitat", "inventing" ; :ldoce "invent", "invention" ; :wnsense "contrive2v", "devise1v", "excogitate1v", "formulate2v", "invent1v", "invention3n" ; :wordnet "contrive", "devise", "excogitate", "formulate", "invent", "invention" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some Device is invented. This could take place slowly over a period of time. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'invent' in WordNet and noun sense 3 of 'invention': in WordNet: 1. (15) invent, contrive, devise, excogitate, formulate, forge - (come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort; 'excogitate a way to measure the speed of light') WN noun 'invention': 3. (3) invention - (the act of inventing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conception, :CreatingAnArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Inventor ] . :Invention :wnsense "innovation1n", "invention2n" ; :wordnet "innovation", "invention" ; a :InventionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance is a Specification for a Device or Process in its Role as an Invention. To refer to a device or process as an invention, one can add the type 'InventionType' to the type (OWL class) and then refer to that type. See 'ThomasAlvaEdison' for an examnple of usage. This is approximately sense 2 of 'invention' in WordNet, however, as a metatype it has no direct connection to any other type in Wordnet: 2. (6) invention, innovation - (a creation (a new device or process)resulting from study and experimentation) resulting from study and experimentation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Novel-New ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :InventionType :wnsense "innovation1n", "invention2n" ; :wordnet "innovation", "invention" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device or Process in its Role as an Invention. To refer to a device or process as an invention, one can add the type 'InventionType' to the type (OWL class) and then refer to that type. See 'ThomasAlvaEdison' for an examnple of usage. This is approximately sense 2 of 'invention' in WordNet, however, as a metatype it has no direct connection to any other type in WordNet: 2. (6) invention, innovation - (a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Class . :Inventor :wnsense "discoverer1n", "inventor1n" ; :wordnet "discoverer", "inventor" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who is the first to create or at least design some type of device that does something useful or at least interesting. Is related to the invention by the 'invented' relation. This corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'inventor' and to sense 1 of 'discoverer' in WordNet - interpreted as meaning 'inventor of a device': in WordNet: 1. inventor, discoverer, artificer - (someone who is the first to think of or make something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Innovator, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InventingAsAnOccupation ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Inventory :wnsense "inventory1n", "stock list1n" ; :wordnet "inventory", "stock list" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Inventory'' is any List (an abstract object) of all of the PhysicalObjects (usually ''ProductObject''s) in some location(s) accesible to some Person. Most commonly used for the list of items a merchant has available for sale; but the usage varies with the type of objects on the list. This is the abstract list (sense 1); the actual group of PhysicalObjects (''Merchandise'') available is represented as ''Stock''. @mod43 This is the most general sense, but this type can be used for the most common commercial meaning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inventory' in WordNet: 1. (5) inventory, stock list - (a detailed list of all the items in stock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stock ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :InvertAndShakeAction :en "invert and shake action" ; :enn "invert and shake action" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'InvertAndShakeAction' is an 'ActionSeries' in which an 'InvertingSomething' Action is followed by a 'ShakingSomething' Action, and the 'something' that is the object of both of those Actions is the same object, and the Agent that does the inverting and shaking does not release the object between those two Actions in the Series..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :InvertingSomething ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ShakingSomething ] . :Invertebrate :guid "bd58984b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "invertebrate1n" ; :wordnet "invertebrate" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Poikilotherm. Each instance of #$Invertebrate is an animal that lacks a backbone (i.e. has no spinal column). #$Invertebrate includes insects, molluscs, sea squirts, worms (in a large variety of worm phyla), and many others. Note: Although #$Invertebrate is a scientific category, it is not a standard taxon in the biological taxonomy, hence it is not an instance of #$BiologicalTaxon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'invertebrate' in WordNet: 1. invertebrate - (any animal lacking a backbone or notochord; the term is not used as a scientific classification) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :NonHumanAnimal, :Poikilotherm, :WildAnimal . :InvertingSomething :en "inverting" ; :wnsense "invert2v" ; :wordnet "invert" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'InvertingSomething' is a transitive Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject to turn upside-down, so that what was on top is now on bottom, and vice-versa; to turn something upside-down. NOTE: the synset includes ''Inside-Out'' inversions,but that is represented by ''TurningSomethingInsideOut''. This is more specific than sense 2 of 'invert', corresponding only to the upside-down inversion. in WordNet: 2. turn back, invert, reverse - (turn inside out or upside down) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :UpsideDownInversion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UpsideDownInversion ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ] . :Investigation :en "explore" ; :eng "exploring", "inquiring", "investigating" ; :env "explore" ; :guid "bf4436ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "inquire", "inquiry", "investigate" ; :wnsense "inquire2v", "inquiry3n", "investigate1v", "investigate2v", "investigation2n" ; :wordnet "inquire", "inquiry", "investigate", "investigation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Collection of all instances of human inquiry where what is being sought is a deeper understanding of the nature of some #$Thing. The subject of investigation could in principle be any one of a wide variety of entities: a philosophical problem, a criminal act, a natural phenomenon, etc.. The phenomenon under investigation may be actual or merely putative within the context of the representation. Also, the nature of the thing being investigated may be substantially different from what the #$investigatingAgent believes it to be. Various subtypes of ''Inquiring'' such as ''Examining'', 'testing' (''TestingEvent''), ''Inspection'', ''Investigation'' all have overlapping elements and are not yet (rev1153) fully distinguished. In SUMO: 'Investigating': The class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses where the agent attempts to obtaina information (i.e. a Proposition denoted by a Formula) COSMO note: this type of inquiry can be by asking an agent for information, scuentific research, or by a legal or legislative investigation, and similar actions. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'investigate' and sense 3 of 'inquiry' and sense 3 of 'inquire' and noun sense 2 of 'investigation' in WordNet: 1. (18) investigate, look into - - (investigate scientifically; 'Let's investigate the syntax of Chinese') 2. (11) investigate, inquire, enquire - - (conduct an inquiry or investigation of; 'The district attorney's office investigated reports of possible irregularities'; 'inquire into the disappearance of the rich old lady') WN noun 'inquiry': 3. (2) inquiry, enquiry - (a systematic investigation of a matter of public interest) WN noun 'investigation': 2. (8) investigation, investigating - (the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Inquiring . :Investigative :isAnAttributeValueOf :Investigation, :Investigator ; :wnsense "fact-finding1adj", "investigative1adj", "investigatory1adj" ; :wordnet "fact-finding", "investigative", "investigatory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'investigative' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fact-finding, investigative, investigatory - (designed to find information or ascertain facts; 'a fact-finding committee'; 'investigative reporting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Investigator :wnsense "investigator2n" ; :wordnet "investigator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Investigator'' is a general term or an adult person who performs some type of ''Investigation'' as a large or principle part of her/his profession. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'investigator' in WordNet: 2. (1) investigator - (someone who investigates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :HumanRole, :ProfessionalPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Investigation ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Investing :en "make an investment" ; :eng "investing" ; :guid "bd58d5d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "invest1v", "investing1n", "investment1n" ; :wordnet "invest", "investing", "investment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of buying an ''Investment' type asset. The asset can be a PhysicalObject (e.g. 'collectible' or 'gold') or any kind of monetary instrument such as a stock or bond or interest in an enterprise. CYC: A specialization of #$Buying. Each instance of #$Investing is an event in which an agent buys something (e.g. #$Stock, #$PreciousMetal, #$Antiques, or a stake in some #$BusinessRelationshipActivity) in the expectation that that thing will increase in #$MonetaryValue over time. Note that #$Investing is disjoint with #$Spending (q.v.). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'invest' in Wordnet: 1. (7) invest, put, commit, place - (make an investment; 'Put money into bonds') WN noun 'investing': 1. investing, investment - (the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessEvent, :Buying, :MoneyTransaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom :Investment ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPaid ; owl:someValuesFrom :Capital ] . :Investment :wnsense "investment2n" ; :wordnet "investment" ; a :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Investment'' is an ''Asset'' that has been bought in an act of ''Investing'' for the purpose of keeping some quantity of money in a form that can appreciate over time. An ''Investment'' may be something (as art work) that is not easily converted to cash - i.e. it is not necessarily a liquid asset. The closest WordNet concept is sense 2 of 'investment' (but this is not a subtype of 'money' as suggested by the gloss): in Wordnet: 2. (5) investment, investment funds - (money that is invested with an expectation of profit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asset, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasObtainedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Investing ] . :Investor :wnsense "investor1n" ; :wordnet "investor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Investor'' is a Person who buys (or puts money toward) an ''Investment'', expecting to receive back more than s/he invested. ToDo: subtype of 'capitalist'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'investor' in WordNet: 1. (3) investor - (someone who commits capital in order to gain financial returns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Investing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Invincible :isAnAttributeValueOf :Agent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Resistible ; :wnsense "invincible1adj", "unbeatable1adj", "unvanquishable1adj" ; :wordnet "invincible", "unbeatable", "unvanquishable" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Invincible'' is a subattribute of ''HardToResist'' for ''IntentionalAgent''s that can perform actions against resisting agents or forces and (almost) always succeed. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'invincible' in Wordnet: 1. (1) invincible, unbeatable, unvanquishable - (incapable of being overcome or subdued; 'an invincible army'; 'her invincible spirit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Overwhelming . :Invisible :isTheOppositeOf :Visible ; :wnsense "invisible1adj" ; :wordnet "invisible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Invisible' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or Event or of an AttributeValue of some object, that can in theory be seen with the human eye (perhaps with the aid of optical devices), but cannot be seen in the given context. . Things that are hidden, either inside a space not humanly accessible, or hidden by a barrier, will be 'Invisible' in this sense. This AttributeValue will be true or not depending on circumstances, such as being in the right location, so it needs to be interpreted as 'Visible to some specific person(s)', or from a certain perspective. NOTE that Invisible things are still Detectable, at least in principle or under some circumstances, if it can in any way influence the real world. For the case of 'Hidden' things, they are Invisible only from a certain perspective, and that perspective needs to be specified in some way @ToDo - now? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'invisible' in WordNet: 1. (8) invisible, unseeable - (impossible or nearly impossible to see; imperceptible by the eye; 'the invisible man'; 'invisible rays'; 'an invisible hinge'; 'invisible mending') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Detectable, :Inconspicuous . :Invitation :ldoce "invitation" ; :wnsense "invitation1n" ; :wordnet "invitation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An abstract LinguisticAssertion that asserts that one or more persons are welcome to participate in some activity. This type represents the actual words (abstract symbols) that were used to convey the meaning of the invitation (although the words may be only a summary of the original Communication). This is the broad meaning of 'invitation', including invitation to join a group, not only the invitation to attend a social function. Each Invitation is created by some InvitingAction, which is a Communication and a Request. NOTE that 'Request' is an Event, and therefore is not an Object, as is this type. The Cyc term 'Invitation-IBT' is more narrowly representative of invitations to attend an event - see 'InvitationToAnEvent'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'invitation' in WordNet: 1. (5) invitation - (a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something; 'an invitation to lunch'; 'she threw the invitation away') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion . :InvitationToAnEvent :guid "c0fd643d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "invitation" ; :wnsense "invitation1n" ; :wordnet "invitation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Invitation asserts that one or more persons are welcome to attend some 'SocialGathering'. This type represents the actual words (abstract symbols) that were used to convey the meaning of the invitation. The Cyc term is 'Invitation-IBT'. Cyc: The IBT bearing a message to some agent that asks the individual to attend a particular event. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'invitation' in WordNet: 1. (5) invitation - (a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something; 'an invitation to lunch'; 'she threw the invitation away') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Invitation . :Inviting :wnsense "inviting1adj" ; :wordnet "inviting" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inviting'' is the attribute of something (object or Event) that is 'Tempting' in providing temptation to perform some Action that lasts more than a few minutes (such as would a small dish of food or dessert). Vague, but is often used for places that 'invite' one to enter because of their attractiveness or the Actions occurring there: 'an inviting restaurant'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'inviting' in Wordnet: 1. (2) inviting - (attractive and tempting; 'an inviting offer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attractive, :Tempting . :InvitingAction :ldoce "invite" ; :wnsense "invite1v", "invite6v", "invite7v" ; :wordnet "invite" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'InvitingAction' is a Communication in some form - oral, written, telegraphed, or otherwise transmitted to the parties being invited. This is an invitation in the broad sense, including invitations to join a group, or to participate in some activity, as well as invitations to attend a social function. Each InvitingAction creates an Invitation, which is a LinguisticAssertion. The Cyc type 'Inviting-CommunicationAct' more narrowly represents an invitation to participate in an event. For that more specific sense, use 'InvitingToAnEvent' This type includes senses 1, 5, 6 and 7 of 'invite' in Wordnet, but also includes actions not represented in the Wordnet sense list, such as inviting to join a group. in WordNet: 2. (6) invite, ask over, ask round - (invite someone to one's house; 'Can I invite you for dinner on Sunday night?') 5. (3) invite, pay for - (have as a guest; 'I invited them to a restaurant') 6. (2) invite, ask in - (ask to enter; 'We invited the neighbors in for a cup of coffee') 7. (2) invite, call for - (request the participation or presence of; 'The organizers invite submissions of papers for the conference') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Invitation ] . :InvitingToAnEvent :guid "c0fd61cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "invite" ; :wnsense "invite1v", "invite6v" ; :wordnet "invite" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each InvitingToAnEvent is an 'InvitingAction' informing one or more People that they are welcome to attend some 'SocialGathering'. Cyc: ('Inviting-CommunicationAct') Issuing an invitation to someone. The host suggesting that someone attend or participate in a specific event. This type includes senses 1, 5, and 6 of 'invite' in Wordnet, but also includes actions not represented in the Wordnet sense list, such as inviting to join a group. in WordNet: 2. (6) invite, ask over, ask round - (invite someone to one's house; 'Can I invite you for dinner on Sunday night?') 5. (3) invite, pay for - (have as a guest; 'I invited them to a restaurant') 6. (2) invite, ask in - (ask to enter; 'We invited the neighbors in for a cup of coffee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :InvitationToAnEvent ] . :Involuntary :isTheOppositeOf :Voluntary ; :wnsense "involuntary1adj", "involuntary2adj" ; :wordnet "involuntary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Actions that specifies *either* that an Agent performed the Action with *no* forethought; due to automatic actions performed by the body without any thought given ahead of the action; *or* that it was performed by the autonomous systems of the body. These can be broken out as subtypes. Includes both adjective senses of 'involuntary' in WordNet: 1. (1) involuntary, nonvoluntary, unvoluntary - (not subject to the control of the will; 'involuntary manslaughter'; 'involuntary servitude'; 'an involuntary shudder'; 'It (becoming a hero) was involuntary. They sank my boat'- John F.Kennedy) 2. involuntary - (controlled by the autonomic nervous system; without conscious control; 'involuntary muscles'; 'gave an involuntary start') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :InvoluntaryBodyMovement :guid "bd590662-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "inborn reflex1n", "innate reflex1n", "instinctive reflex1n", "physiological reaction1n", "reflex1n", "unconditioned reflex1n" ; :wordnet "inborn reflex", "innate reflex", "instinctive reflex", "physiological reaction", "reflex", "unconditioned reflex" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of involuntary bodily movements, those movements in which an #$Animal's body does the action automatically - the agent's consent doesn't enter into it. Subsets of #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement include #$Heartbeating, #$Sneezing, #$Snoring, etc. This type is considered in COSMO as a form of 'reflex', which is also involuntary movement. The 'stimulus' mentioned in the WN gloss need not be evident, as with the subtype ''Hiccup''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reflex' in Wordnet: 1. (5) reflex, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned reflex, physiological reaction - (an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, :BodyMovementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neurotransmitter ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :Involved :wnsense "involved1adj" ; :wordnet "involved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Involved'' is an AttributeValue of an individual thing that has some relation to some Event. This is an attribute of a ''Participant'' in an Event, whose role can usually be directly related to the Event itself by some subproperty of 'hasParticipant'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'involved' in WordNet: 1. (32) involved - (connected by participation or association or use; 'we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved'; 'the problems involved'; 'the involved muscles'; 'I don't want to get involved'; 'everyone involved in the bribery case has been identified') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Related . :Involving :wnsense "involve1v" ; :wordnet "involve" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Involving'' is 'BeingRelated' in a manner more significant than just being part of the same Group.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'involve' in WordNet: 1. (56) involve, affect, regard - (connect closely and often incriminatingly; 'This new ruling affects your business') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingRelated . :Inward :ldoce "inward" ; :wnsense "inward2adj" ; :wordnet "inward" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This AttributeValue is specifically for a motion - physical or abstract that is proceeding toward the inside of something, or to the center of some Region. Note its use in 'TransferIn', which could be a change of possession. The adverb 'inwards' has some similar components of meaning. The word 'inward' is an Adjective that has a broad range of meanings whose general sense is 'proceeding toward or located inside the interior of something'. . The list of senses in Random House Webster: 4. proceeding or directed toward the inside or interior. 5. situated within or in or on the inside; inner; internal: an inward room. 6. pertaining to the inside or inner part. 7. located within the body: the inward parts. 8. pertaining to the inside of the body: inward convulsions. 9. inland: inward passage. 10. mental or spiritual; inner: inward peace. 11. muffled or indistinct, as the voice. 12. private or secret. 13. closely personal; intimate. 14. Archaic. pertaining to the homeland; domestic. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'inward' in WordNet: 2. inbound, inward - (directed or moving inward or toward a center; 'the inbound train'; 'inward flood of capital') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionMeasure, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Inwardness :wnsense "inwardness2n" ; :wordnet "inwardness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Inwardness'' is the trait of a Person who is concerned more than average with his/her own internal Feelings and abilities rather than with other people or the outside world in general. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inwardness' in WordNet: 2. inwardness - (preoccupation especially with one's attitudes and ethical or ideological values; 'the sensitiveness of James's characters, their seeming inwardness'; 'Socrates' inwardness, integrity, and inquisitiveness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Temperament . :Iodine :hasProtonCount "53"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "iodine1n" ; :wordnet "iodine" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Iodine'' is the element having atomic number 53. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iodine' in WordNet: 1. (17) iodine, iodin, I, atomic number 53 - (a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Halogen, :NonMetal . :Ion :guid "c0fbae39-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ion1n" ; :wordnet "ion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single submicroscopic physical object, being an atom or bonded atom group with an electric charge due to having more or fewer electrons than the total number of protons in the nuclei. Cyc: A collection of microscopic-scale objects; a subset of #$ChemicalObject. Every instance of #$Ion is an atom or radical which has either a negative or positive net electrical charge, due to having either more or fewer electrons than there are protons in its nuclei. Note: atomic ions violate Cyc's default assumption that instances of #$Atom have a net electrical charge of zero, so #$Ion constitutes a class of exceptions to that rule. SUMO: An electronically charged Atom or Molecule. In other words, a PureSubstance that has lost one of its Electrons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ion' in Wordnet: 1. (31) ion - (a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChargedParticle, :ChemicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricallyCharged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ionized :wnsense "ionised1adj", "ionized1adj" ; :wordnet "ionised", "ionized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ionized'' is the attribute of a PhysicalSubstance that is not composed of atoms or molecules that each have a net neutral electrical charge, but is composed of separate positive and negative ions, whether in the solid state or in solution. Being ''Ionized'' or un-ionized affects the way molecules of substances interact with each other. NOTE; for an atom or molecule that by itself has an excess of positive or negative charge, use ''ElectricallyCharged''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ionized' in Wordnet: 1. (2) ionized, ionised - (converted totally or partly into ions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricallyCharged . :IonizingRadiation :wnsense "ionizing radiation1n" ; :wordnet "ionizing radiation" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IonizingRadiation''is any form of ''Radiation'' that can cause ionization of molecules in the objects it passes through. This includes X-rays, gamma rays, alpha or beta radition, and cosmic rays. among others. RHW: any radiation, as a stream of alpha particles or x-rays, that produces ionization as it passes through a medium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ionizing radiation' in WordNet: 1. ionizing radiation - (high-energy radiation capable of producing ionization in substances through which it passes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Radiation . :Iran :wnsense "Iran1n" ; :wordnet "Iran" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Iran' in WordNet: 1. (1) Iran, Islamic Republic of Iran, Persia - (a theocratic Islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil) """ . :Iranian :pertainsTo :Farsi, :Iran, :IranianPerson ; :wnsense "Iranian1adj", "Persian1adj" ; :wordnet "Iranian", "Persian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Iranian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Iran'' or a ''IranianPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Iranian' in WordNet: 1. Iranian, Persian - (of or relating to Iran or its people or language or culture; 'Iranian mountains'; 'Iranian security police') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :IranianPerson :wnsense "Irani1n", "Iranian1n", "Persian1n" ; :wordnet "Irani", "Iranian", "Persian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IranianPerson'' is a Person orn or residing in ''Iran''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Iranian' in WordNet: 1. Irani, Iranian, Persian - (a native or inhabitant of Iran; 'the majority of Irani are Persian Shiite Muslims') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iran ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Iraq :wnsense "Iraq1n" ; :wordnet "Iraq" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Iraq' in WordNet: 1. (2) Iraq, Republic of Iraq, Al-Iraq, Irak - (a republic in the Middle East in western Asia; the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia was in the area now known as Iraq) """ . :Iraqi :pertainsTo :Iraq ; :wnsense "Iraqi1adj" ; :wordnet "Iraqi" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Iraqi'' is the attribute of something that pertains to ''Iraqi'' especially the customs, government, or practices. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Iraqi' in WordNet: 1. Iraqi, Iraki - (of or relating to Iraq or its people or culture; \"Iraqi oil\"; \"Iraqi terrorists\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Regional . :Ireland :wnsense "Ireland1n" ; :wordnet "Ireland" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ireland' in WordNet: 1. (2) Ireland, Eire, Irish Free State - (a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921) """ . :IrelandTerritory a :CountryRegion ; rdfs:comment """IrelandTerritory is the spatial region containing the physical piece of Earth that is controlled by the Republic of Ireland - not the whole island. """ . :Iridescent :isTheOppositeOf :Monochromatic ; :wnsense "chatoyant1adj", "iridescent1adj" ; :wordnet "chatoyant", "iridescent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Iridescent'' is a special kind of ''MultiColored'' in which the Object appears to have a different color depending on the angle from which it is viewed,and the surface appears shiny to some extent, and the colors seen tend to be striped like in a rainbow. Caused by a grid-like interference created by certain surfaces. The part of the gloss for ''Opalescent'' seems to include some of this meaning: 'an iridescent oil slick' But the colors and concepts are disctinctly different. Correponds to adjective sense 1 of 'iridescent' in Wordnet: 1. changeable, chatoyant, iridescent, shot - (varying in color when seen in different lights or from different angles; 'changeable taffeta'; 'chatoyant (or shot) silk'; 'a dragonfly hovered, vibrating and iridescent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiColored . :IridescentPlumage :en "iridescent plumage" ; :enn "iridescent plumage" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IridescentPlumage'' is a ''Plumage'' that is ''Iridescent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plumage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iridescent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Iridium :guid "bd58b7e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "77"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ir1n", "iridium1n" ; :wordnet "Ir", "iridium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Iridium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iridium' in WordNet: 1. iridium, Ir, atomic number 77 - (a heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreciousMetal, :UnalloyedMetal . :Iris :guid "bd589fbf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flag2n", "fleur-de-lis1n", "iris1n", "sword lily2n" ; :wordnet "flag", "fleur-de-lis", "iris", "sword lily" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of plants of the iris family; perennial plants with long, sword-shaped leaves and thick stalks bearing three-petaled flowers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iris' in Wordnet: 1. iris, flag, fleur-de-lis, sword lily - (plants with sword-shaped leaves and erect stalks bearing bright-colored flowers composed of three petals and three drooping sepals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IrisOrder . :IrisOrder :guid "bd5887fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonocotSubclass . :Irish :pertainsTo :Ireland, :IrishPerson ; :wnsense "Irish1adj" ; :wordnet "Irish" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Irish'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Ireland'' or its people or customs. 'When Irish eyes are smiling . . . ' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Irish' in WordNet: 1. (14) Irish - (of or relating to or characteristic of Ireland or its people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :IrishBull :wnsense "Irish bull1n", "bull3n", "bullshit1n", "crap2n", "dogshit1n", "horseshit1n", "shit2n" ; :wordnet "Irish bull", "bull", "bullshit", "crap", "dogshit", "horseshit", "shit" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IrishBull'' and its sibling synset terms are offensive or obscene terms meaning about the same as parent type ''Humbug'' and its synonyms, but with more intensity of feeling, suggesting greater annoyance at hearing the things thus characterized. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Irish bull' in WordNet: 1. bullshit, bull, Irish bull, horseshit, shit, crap, dogshit - (obscene words for unacceptable behavior; 'I put up with a lot of bullshit from that jerk'; 'what he said was mostly bull') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Humbug . :IrishFolklore a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''IrishFolklore'' is a genre of ''Folklore'' that was created in Ireland. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Folklore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ireland ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ] . :IrishPerson :guid "bd58a8a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Irish people1n", "Irish1n" ; :wordnet "Irish", "Irish people" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Ireland-TheNation, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. @ToDo: add at some point: 3. Irish, Irish Gaelic -- (the Celtic language of Ireland) usually just referred to as 'Gaeilic',but in Ireland it is 'Irish' This term refers to the Irish in the plural. 'It's a great day for the Irish'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Irish' in WordNet: 1. (2) Irish, Irish people - (people of Ireland or of Irish extraction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality . :IrishThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A test class to illustrate necessary conditions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :spatio-temporal-particular . :Irishman :wnsense "Irishman1n" ; :wordnet "Irishman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Irishman' in WordNet: 1. (2) Irishman - (a man who is a native or inhabitant of Ireland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IrishPerson, :Man . :Iron :hasProtonCount "26"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "iron" ; :wnsense "iron1n" ; :wordnet "iron" ; a :ElementType, :MalleableThingType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The metallic element, main component of steel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iron' in WordNet: 1. (24) iron, Fe, atomic number 26 - (a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Iron-Appliance :ldoce "iron" ; :wnsense "iron4n" ; :wordnet "iron" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The a flat-bottomed device that can be grasped in one hand, having a triangular metallic bottom component, used for pressing out wrinkles in clothing. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'iron' in WordNet: 4. iron, smoothing iron - (home appliance consisting of a flat metal base that is heated and used to smooth cloth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :HouseholdAppliance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ironing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :IronAge :wnsense "Iron Age1n" ; :wordnet "Iron Age" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''IronAge'' is the ''HistoricalPeriod'' that starts during ''Antiquity', when Iron tools and weapons were used as the main metal-based tools and weapons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Iron Age' in WordNet: 1. Iron Age - ((archeology) the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HistoricalPeriod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MiddleAges ; owl:onProperty :precedes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Antiquity ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ] . :IronAlloy :en "iron alloy" ; :enn "iron alloy" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Iron ; a :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IronAlloy'' is an ''Alloy'' which has enough ''Iron'' to contribute to the desired properties. This is not necessarily predominantly Iron. For example, some Aluminum allows have Iron in them. Pure Iron is not included. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alloy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :IronMan :wnsense "iron man1n", "ironman1n" ; :wordnet "iron man", "ironman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IronMan'' is a ''Brawny'' ''FitPerson'' who has the attribute ''HavingEndurance'', i.e. is someone the state of ''Stamina''. This can be demonstrated by lasting through some long physically challenging continuous action, like a ''Marathon'', or by continuing to perform at a high physical level over years, as a professional athlete who rarely misses a game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iron man' in WordNet: 1. iron man, ironman - (a strong man of exceptional physical endurance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FitPerson, :Man, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingEndurance ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brawny ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stamina ; owl:onProperty :isTheSubjectOfState ] . :IronOre :hasComponentSubstance :Iron ; :isaSourceOf :Iron ; :wnsense "iron ore1n" ; :wordnet "iron ore" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'iron ore' in WordNet: 1. iron ore - (an ore from which iron can be extracted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalOre, :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Ironed :guid "78b10a42-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :FabricObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Ironing ; :wnsense "ironed1adj" ; :wordnet "ironed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Ironed'' is a Faric that has been pressed flat to remove wrinkles, and perhaps to create a crease, by ''Ironing''. The collection of instances of #$Cloth that have been recently ironed with a #$ClothesIron and are still in a smooth, wrinkle-free state. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ironed' in Wordnet: 1. ironed - ((of linens or clothes) smoothed with a hot iron) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Ironic :wnsense "ironic1adj", "ironical2adj" ; :wordnet "ironic", "ironical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ironic'' is an AttributeValue of a LinguisticCommunication that is intended to make a point by use of phrases that are not intended to be taken literally. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ironic' in WordNet: 1. (1) dry, ironic, ironical, wry - (humorously sarcastic or mocking; 'dry humor'; 'an ironic remark often conveys an intended meaning obliquely'; 'an ironic novel'; 'an ironical smile'; 'with a wry Scottish wit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Ironically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Ironic ; :wnsense "ironically2adv" ; :wordnet "ironically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ironically'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Action modified was performed so as to appear sarcastic or mocking. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'ironically' in Wordnet: 2. ironically - (in an ironic manner; \"she began to mimic him ironically\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Ironing :en "ironing", "pressing" ; :ldoce "iron" ; :wnsense "iron1v", "press12v" ; :wordnet "iron", "press" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ironing' is the activity of using a 'Iron-Appliance' to smooth cloth. The cloth ironed is not necessarily clothing (see subtype ''IroningClothing''). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'iron' in WordNet: 1. (2) iron, iron out, press - (press and smooth with a heated iron; 'press your shirts'; 'she stood there ironing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PressingSomethingFlat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron-Appliance ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fabric ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ironed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :IroningBoard :en "ironing-board" ; :wnsense "ironing board1n" ; :wordnet "ironing board" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Board'' of varible composition (often wooden), typically three or more feet long that usually has foldable supports, and at least one foot wide at the widest (it is often tapered at one end), used for ''IroningClothing''. It usually is covered at the top by cloth and perhaps also padding, to make a smooth surface on which to press fabric. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ironing board' in Wordnet: 1. ironing board - (narrow padded board on collapsible supports; used for ironing clothes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IroningClothing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :IroningClothing :ldoce "iron", "press" ; :wnsense "iron1v", "press12v" ; :wordnet "iron", "press" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'IroningClothing' is an Action in which a Person or machine presses some object of clothing between two flat surfaces while applying heat, so as to make the cothing item smooth (or less wrinkled). Coresponds to sense 12 of 'press' and verb sense 1 of 'iron' in WordNet: 12. iron, iron out, press - (press and smooth with a heated iron; 'press your shirts'; 'she stood there ironing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ironing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothing ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Irony :wnsense "caustic remark1n", "irony1n", "sarcasm1n", "satire1n" ; :wordnet "caustic remark", "irony", "sarcasm", "satire" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Irony'' is the label for the content of a LinguisticCommunication that has the attributes of ironical, satirical, or sarcastic. These can be differentiated if necessary and possible. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irony' in WordNet: 1. (5) sarcasm, irony, satire, caustic remark - (witty language used to convey insults or scorn; 'he used sarcasm to upset his opponent'; 'irony is wasted on the stupid'; 'Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody's face but their own'-Jonathan Swift) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ironic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sarcastic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Satirical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Irradiating :wnsense "irradiate3v", "ray3v" ; :wordnet "irradiate", "ray" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Irradiating'' is an ''ExposureEvent'' that is a intentional ''ProcessingSomething'' in which some PhysicalObject is exposed to ''Radiation'' of some kind - sunlight, x-rays, gamma rays, or other. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'irradiate' in WordNet: 3. irradiate, ray - (expose to radiation; 'irradiate food') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposureEvent, :ProcessingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Radiation ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :Irrational :isTheOppositeOf :Rational ; :wnsense "illogical1adj", "irrational1n", "unlogical1adj" ; :wordnet "illogical", "irrational", "unlogical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Irrational' is an AttributeValue modifying beliefs or Actions, characterizing them as being inconsistent with reasoning and logic, and as not being motivated by ''Reasoning'' but rather by Feelings or by some other intuitive or delusionary mental process. motivation, motive, need Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'irrational' in Wordnet: 1. (2) irrational - (not consistent with or using reason; 'irrational fears'; 'irrational animals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unreasonable . :IrrationalMotive :wnsense "irrational motive1n" ; :wordnet "irrational motive" ; a :MentalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''IrrationalMotive'' is a ''Motive'' that is ''Irrational'' in that it is not based on a ''Reasoning'' proess and is inconsistent with logic or reason. Such motives may be created by Feelings, intuition, or failure to critically assess false assertions by others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irrational motive' in WordNet: 1. irrational motive - (a motivation that is inconsistent with reason or logic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Irrational ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :IrrationalNumber :wnsense "irrational number1n", "irrational1n" ; :wordnet "irrational", "irrational number" ; a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any RealNumber that is not also a RationalNumber. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irrational number' in WordNet: 1. irrational number, irrational - (a real number that cannot be expressed as a rational number) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealNumber . :Irrationality :isTheAbsenceOf :Rationality ; :wnsense "irrationality1n", "unreason1n" ; :wordnet "irrationality", "unreason" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Irrationality'' is a subtype of ''Insanity'', a state in which a Person tends to make decisions based mostly on emotion or delusions and ignores facts and logic that wold contradict their reasons for those actions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irrationality' in WordNet: 1. irrationality, unreason - (the state of being irrational; lacking powers of understanding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insanity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Irrational ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :IrrawaddyRiver :guid "bd58d666-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the great rivers of Asia and chief river of Burma" . :Irregular :wnsense "irregular3adj", "unpredictable3adj" ; :wordnet "irregular", "unpredictable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'irregular' in Wordnet: 3. (1) irregular, unpredictable - (not occurring at expected times) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpredictable . :Irrelevant :isTheOppositeOf :Relevant ; :wnsense "irrelevant1adj" ; :wordnet "irrelevant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Irrelevant'' is an attribute of information or information objects that has no 'relevance' to some specific a situation, eespecially in that it can not affect how an agent responds to the situation, or what the outcome of the situation will be. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'irrelevant' in Wordnet: 1. (6) irrelevant - (having no bearing on or connection with the subject at issue; 'an irrelevant comment'; 'irrelevant allegations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unimportant, :Unrelated . :Irresistible :wnsense "irresistible2adj" ; :wordnet "irresistible" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Irresistible' is a subtype of ''Strong'' for things (Objects or Actions, especially temptations or impulses or Feelings or motives) that are so strongly ''Tempting'' that the Agent to whom they are 'irresistible' cannot (does not have the willpower to) refrain from doing or buying the ''Irresistible'' thing. The sense of 'irresistible' meaning 'a force that cannot be successfully opposed' is represented by ''Overwhelming''. RHW 'irresistible': 3. enticing; tempting to possess: an irresistible necklace. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'irresistible' in Wordnet: 2. irresistible - (overpoweringly attractive; 'irresistible beauty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Strong, :Tempting . :Irresponsible :isTheOppositeOf :Responsible ; :wnsense "irresponsible1adj" ; :wordnet "irresponsible" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'irresponsible' in Wordnet: 1. (2) irresponsible - (showing lack of care for consequences; 'behaved like an irresponsible idiot'; 'hasty and irresponsible action') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Irrigated :ened "irrigated" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArableLand ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Irrigating ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Land which is ''Irrigated'' has had water transported along the ground to it so as to support the growth of Crops. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Irrigating :eng "irrigating" ; :guid "bd58cfd1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "irrigate1v", "irrigation1n", "water1v" ; :wordnet "irrigate", "irrigation", "water" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Irrigating'' is ''Wetting'' a plot of land by some means other than carrying by hand (ditches, pipes, spraying equipment) so that crops can grow when rain is scarce. CYC 'Irrigation': A specialization of #$DistributionEvent, #$DirectedTranslation and #$ChannelFlow. Each instance of #$Irrigation is the supplying of water to some piece of land by artificial means, usually for the benefit of crops growing on the land. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'irrigate' in WordNet: 1. (2) water, irrigate - (supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams; 'Water the fields') WN noun 'irrigation': 1. (2) irrigation - (supplying dry land with water by means of ditches etc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveying-Stationary, :DirectedTranslation, :FluidFlow-Translation, :Motion, :WateringPlants, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArableLand ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :Irritability :en "bile" ; :wnsense "choler1n", "crossness1n", "fretfulness1n", "fussiness1n", "irritability1n", "peevishness1n", "petulance1n" ; :wordnet "choler", "crossness", "fretfulness", "fussiness", "irritability", "peevishness", "petulance" ; a :ActionType, :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person with a ''Irritability'' is more prone to easily become very irritated or angry.. In RHW 'bile' is synonym: RHW 'bile': 2. ill temper; peevishness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irritability' in WordNet: 1. (1) irritability, crossness, fretfulness, fussiness, peevishness, petulance, choler - (an irritable petulant feeling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Irritable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Irritable :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Irritability ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :AnnoyingEvent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :AnnoyingEvent ; :wnsense "cranky2adj", "fractious2adj", "irritable1adj", "nettlesome1adj", "peckish1adj", "peevish1adj", "pettish1adj", "petulant1adj", "scratchy2adj", "techy1adj", "testy1adj", "tetchy1adj" ; :wordnet "cranky", "fractious", "irritable", "nettlesome", "peckish", "peevish", "pettish", "petulant", "scratchy", "techy", "testy", "tetchy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'irritable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cranky, fractious, irritable, nettlesome, peevish, peckish, pettish, petulant, scratchy, testy, tetchy, techy - (easily irritated or annoyed; 'an incorrigibly fractious young man'; 'not the least nettlesome of his countrymen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Irritation :guid "bd5889f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "irritation1n" ; :wordnet "irritation" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Emotion of a person who is disturbed, nervously upset, without equanimity or patience as a result of being forced to endure something that s/he finds obnoxious, offensive, displeasing or distasteful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'irritation' in WordNet: 1. (6) irritation, annoyance, vexation, botheration - (the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoyance . :IsaacAsimov :en "Isaac Asimov" ; :enn "Isaac Asimov" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Prolific ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isKnowledgeableAbout :Science ; :isTheAuthorOf :AsimovsGuideToTheBible, :FoundationTrilogy ; a :Novelist, :Writer ; rdfs:comment """''IsaacAsimov'' is prolific author (over three hundred books) best known for his Science Fiction novels (e.g. the 'Foundation' series), but he also wrote a fascinating non-fiction book discussing unclear or obscure parts of the Bible, Old and New Testaments. So he is a Novelist'' but more than that. If desired, the topic of 'FoundationTrilogy' can be elaborated in great detail by adding more elements from the complex story. """ . :Isagelous :en "isagelous" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :EquivalentThing, :InformationObject ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Isagelous'' is a specialized AttributeValue for Groups of ''InformationObject''s that contain the 'same information' (Greek 'iso' = same + 'aggelos' = information). This can be used to specify that InformationObjects, such as an AbstractComputerFile and a hard-copy printout of that file have the same information content. Or, an encrypted and decrypted file have the same information content. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Islam :hasBeliever :FaithfulMuslims ; :hasTopic :MohammedIsGodsProphet ; :wnsense "Islam2n" ; :wordnet "Islam" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Islam' in Wordnet: 2. Islam, Islamism, Mohammedanism, Muhammadanism, Muslimism - (the monotheistic religious system of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran; 'Islam is a complete way of life, not a Sunday religion'; 'the term Muhammadanism is offensive to Muslims who believe that Allah, not Muhammad, founded their religion') """ . :Islamic :pertainsTo :Islam, :MuslimPerson ; :wnsense "Islamic1adj", "Moslem1adj", "Muslim1adj" ; :wordnet "Islamic", "Moslem", "Muslim" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Muslim'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Islam and its adherents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Muslim' in WordNet: 1. Muslim, Moslem, Islamic - (of or relating to or supporting Islamism; 'Islamic art') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :IslamicCalendarMonth :wnsense "Islamic calendar month1n" ; :wordnet "Islamic calendar month" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Islamic calendar month' in WordNet: 1. Islamic calendar month - (any lunar month in the Muslim calendar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval . :Islamist :en "Islamist" ; :enadj "Islamist" ; :pertainsTo :MuslimPerson ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Islamist'' is an attribute that characterizes ''MuslimPerson''s who support a militant fundamenalist version of ''Islam''. No WN sense of 'Islamist' as an adjective. From an internet dictionary: relating to, advocating, or supporting Islamic militancy or fundamentalism. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Radicalish . :IslamistPerson :wnsense "Islamist2n" ; :wordnet "Islamist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Islamist' in Wordnet: 2. Islamist - (an orthodox Muslim) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MuslimPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthodox ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :IslamistScholar :wnsense "Islamist1n" ; :wordnet "Islamist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Islamist' in WordNet: 1. Islamist - (a scholar who knowledgeable in Islamic studies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scholar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Islam ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Island :guid "bd58bb39-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "island" ; :wnsense "island1n" ; :wordnet "island" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO an 'Island' cannot be a 'continent' and vice-versa, regardless of Australia the 'continent'. Cyc: A specialization of both #$LandBody and #$IslandOrIslandGroup. Each instance of #$Island is a body of land surrounded by water. #$Islands are typically much smaller in area than (instances of the similarly-defined collection of) #$TrueContinents (q.v.), though it would be rather arbitrary to try to distinguish these types on the basis of size alone. (And note that #$ContinentOfAustralia, e.g., is both an #$IslandOrIslandGroup (q.v.) and a #$TrueContinent.) For groups of #$Islands that form a geographical cluster, see #$Archipelago. SUMO: A LandArea that is completely surrounded by a WaterArea. NOTE see 'Islet' which distinguishes really small islands and does not classify them as Islands. Too obscure? NOTE that there may be more than one named BodyOfWater that surrounds an Island. All can be specified by the relation, 'isSurroundedHorizontallyBy', by oncluding all in a newly-defined 'BodyOfWater' that includes all of them. @ToDo: need a class 'ContiguousBodiesOfWater'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'island' in WordNet: 1. (13) island - (a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandBody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ] ; owl:disjointWith :Continent, :Mainland . :Islet :wnsense "islet1n" ; :wordnet "islet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A portion of land completely surrounded by water, but small enough that it can be referred to as an ''Islet'' rather than ''Island''. The size criterion here is vague, but a Islet should be larger than a Castle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'islet' in Wordnet: 1. isle, islet - (a small island) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Island . :Isolated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Isolation ; :wnsense "disjunct3adj", "isolated1n" ; :wordnet "disjunct", "isolated" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Isolated'' is the attribute of something (inimate or inanimate) that is **in some way** separated from some other things of the same type.. Of very general applicability, Something that is ''Isolated'' is in the state of ''Isolation''. No exact matching sense in WN. Closest to (but only approximately) adjective sense 3 of 'isolated' in WordNet: 3. (4) disjunct, isolated - (marked by separation of or from usually contiguous elements; 'little isolated worlds, as abruptly disjunct and unexpected as a palm-shaded well in the Sahara'- Scientific Monthly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Isolating :en "insulating", "isolating" ; :wnsense "closing off1n", "insulate2v", "insulation3n", "isolate1v", "isolation2n" ; :wordnet "closing off", "insulate", "insulation", "isolate", "isolation" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Isolating'' is an Action in which parts of some Object (or Group of Objects) is placed into two or more areas that do not overlap with each other. There may or may not be a physical barrier between the separated areas; people may be separated and kept apart by rules or threats of punishment. Thus an unruly student may be isolated in the corner of a classroom. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'isolate' in WordNet: 1. (12) isolate, insulate - (place or set apart; 'They isolated the political prisoners from the other inmates') WN nounn 'isolation': 2. (2) isolation, closing off - (the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others) WN noun 'insulation': 3. insulation - (the act of protecting something by surrounding it with material that reduces or prevents the transmission of sound or heat or electricity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Isolation ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Isolation :wnsense "isolation1n" ; :wordnet "isolation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Isolation'' is a general type of state in which an Object or Group (not necessarily a Person) is ''Isolated'' for any length of time, meaning that it is separated in some way from others of its type. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'isolation' (not just people) in WordNet: 1. (3) isolation - (a state of separation between persons or groups) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Isolated ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :Isotope :guid "a0a73e1e-f1e1-41d6-810c-dbd250443206" ; :wnsense "isotope1n" ; :wordnet "isotope" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Isotope is a ChemicalElement with a single fixed number of neutrons in each atom. Thus we might have Carbon12 as an subtype of Carbon, and as a subtype of 'Isotope'. The term 'isotope' is sometimes used to refer to an 'Isotope' with an atomic mass different from the dominant natural atomic mass (a minority or non-natural isotope); or the use of 'isotopes' in the plural suggests that different isotopes of the same element are under discussion. The COSMO sense is not exactly like either of those senses. The 'non-natural' sense could be a subtype of this sense, but is left for a domain ontology. @ToDo: We need a restriction that all atoms have the same atomic mass - may need FOL for that. This definition differs from that of Cyc; Cyc requires that each isotope have a 'different' mass - but even for elements that have only one natural isotope, that natural isotope is still an 'Isotope' in COSMO - the only criterion for an Isotope is that all atoms of an Isotope have the *same* atomic mass. Thus Carbon12 and Carbon14 are both 'Isotopes' in COSMO. Cyc: #$Isotopes are substances with the same atomic number as the element for which they are isotopes of (see #$isotopeOf), but with a different atomic mass due to a different number of neutrons. This corresponds to the only sense of 'isotope' in RHW: RHW: any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, but having different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, or different atomic weights. There are 275 isotopes of the 81 stable elements, in addition to over 800 radioactive isotopes, and every element has known isotopic forms. Isotopes of a single element possess almost identical properties. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'isotope' in WordNet; however an Isotope is not an Atom, it consists of Atoms: in WordNet: 1. isotope - (one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement . :Israel :wnsense "Israel1n" ; :wordnet "Israel" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Israel' in WordNet: 1. Israel, State of Israel, Yisrael, Zion, Sion - (Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine) """ . :Israeli :pertainsTo :Israel, :IsraeliPerson ; :wnsense "Israeli1adj" ; :wordnet "Israeli" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Israeli'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Israel'' orits inabitants. This is usually written with a capital 'I'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Israeli' in WordNet: 1. Israeli - (of or relating to or characteristic of Israel or its people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :IsraeliPerson :guid "bd58ea61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Israeli1n" ; :wordnet "Israeli" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Israel, or participate in its #$NationalCulture.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Israeli' in WordNet: 1. (1) Israeli - (a native or inhabitant of Israel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Israel ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Issue :guid "bf7ab027-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "issue1n" ; :wordnet "issue" ; a :GroupType, :MentalObjectType, :RoleType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Issue'' is a ''MentalObject'' that is a Group consisting of one or more ''Question-IBT''s, for which obtaining an answer is ''Important'' to some ''IntelligenAgent''(s). This will include one or more ''ProblemToBeSolved''s. An ''Issue'' is a Topic worthy of ''Considering'' because it concerns something that may need a ''Decision'' such as a Problem or opportunity or any other future situation that may be word considering. Cyc: The collection of all instances of matters of discussion, debate, or public concern. NOTE: 'Issue'' is represented here as a ''TopicOfnterest'' that can be considered or discussed - and the Topic for discussion is related to an ''Issue'' by the relation ''hasTopic''. To be an ''Issue'' it is not necessary for there to be a ''DisagreementEvent'' about the issue, it can be created by some new situation that has notyet been sufficiently discussed to decide if there is agreement about what to do. An ''Issue'' is a group of elements, such as the ''Consideration''s that should be considered in making a decision. NOTE: The restriction requires that each ''Issue'' refer to some ''ProblemSituation'' or ''Opportunity'' or ''PossibleFutureSituation'' or ''EventType''. In most cases, an''Issue' will refer to a problem or opportunity, or a ''PossibleFutureSituation'' whose probability is so small it is not currently considered either a problem or an opportunity.. But other subtypes of 'Situation'' may be considered worthy of discussion and can be added as required. . COSMO note: this is a very broad category, which can include any topic that may need discussion for cooperative decision-making. Thus something labeled as an 'issue' may be a state, attribute, object, action - any category of thing that can affect a person. Each of these can be represented as a ''ProblemSituation''. Synonyms: consideration, factor (for planning purposes) Similar to sense 2 of 'consideration' in WordNet WordNet 2.1 circumstance, condition, consideration - (information that should be kept in mind when making a decision; 'another consideration is the time it would take') Sense 1 of 'issue' in WordNet (a matter in dispute) is treated in COSMO as the more specific subtype of 'PublicIssue' Wordnet sense in WordNet: 1. issue - (an important question that is in dispute and must be settled; 'the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone'; 'politicians never discuss the real issues') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :MatterForConsideration, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ProblemSituation :PossibleFutureSituation :Opportunity :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consideration ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProblemToBeSolved ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Important ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :IssueOfDispute :ldoce "argue" ; :wnsense "conflict7n", "difference of opinion1n", "difference3n", "dispute1n" ; :wordnet "conflict", "difference", "difference of opinion", "dispute" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''IssueOfDispute'' is a Group of Opinions that include at least two Opinions that conflict and thus cconstitute an ''Issue'' important enough to motivate an effort to resolve the difference(s). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dispute' in WordNet: 1. (4) dispute, difference, difference of opinion, conflict - (a disagreement or argument about something important; 'he had a dispute with his wife'; 'there were irreconcilable differences'; 'the familiar conflict between Republicans and Democrats') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Issue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opinion ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :IssuingForth :eng "emerging" ; :wnsense "come out2v", "emerge2v", "issue2v" ; :wordnet "come out", "emerge", "issue" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''IssuingForth'' is an ''Emerging'' in which the PhysicalObject which emerges is a ''FluidObject'' (liquid or gas). The emerging object may be coming out under gravitational force, or be expelled by physical pressure of some kind. An oil 'gusher'would be a good example; Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'emerge' in WordNet: 2. (9) issue, emerge, come out, come forth, go forth, egress - (come out of; 'Water issued from the hole in the wall'; 'The words seemed to come out by themselves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Emerging, :FluidFlowEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidObject ] . :IssuingMoney :en "issue money" ; :eng "issuing money" ; :enn "issue money" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IssuingMoney'' is a form of ''IssuingSomething' in which the 'something' is ''Money'' or its representation, a ''MoneyObject'. NOTE: this is for legal government money, not for 'digital currency' created by computer by some non-governmental agent, nor for coupons. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, :IssuingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CentralBank ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MoneyType :Money :MoneyObject :MoneyTenderType ) ] ] . :IssuingSomething :wnsense "issue1v" ; :wordnet "issue" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """IssuingSomething is a form of ''Distributing'' in which the Agent that does the ''Distributing'' also creates or produces the thing distributed. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'issue' (including things that are not publications for sale) in WordNet: 1. (21) publish, bring out, put out, issue, release - (prepare and issue for public distribution or sale; 'publish a magazine or newspaper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distributing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublishingWrittenMaterial ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :IssuingaCommercialLicense :en "licensing" ; :eng "licensing" ; :wnsense "licence1v", "license1v" ; :wordnet "licence", "license" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'IssuingaCommercialLicense' is an act by a ''CommercialOrganization'' (or an Individual acting on his/her own behalf) to license a copyright or patent to another user. NOTE: issuing a governmental 'license' to practice an occupation is represented by ''IssuingaLicense''. Corresponds to verb part (for commercial, non-governmenatal licences) of sense 3 of 'certify' in WordNet: 3. (2) license, licence, certify - (authorize officially; 'I am licensed to practice law in this state') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrantingPermission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :CommercialOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialUseLicense ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Licensee ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ] . :IssuingaCopyright :en "issue a copyrght", "issuing a copyrght" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'IssuingaCopyright' is an act of the government agency that has authority to issue ''Copyright''s. In the USA this would be the 'The United States Copyright Office' within the Library Of Congress. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrantingPermission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnitedStatesCopyrightOffice ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :IssuingaLicense :en "grant a license", "licensing" ; :eng "licensing" ; :env "grant a license" ; :wnsense "certify3v", "licence1v", "license1v" ; :wordnet "certify", "licence", "license" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'IssuingaLicense' is an act of any government agency that has authority to issue licenses of any kind. The restriction requires that the 'GovernmentalOrganization' issuing the license be specified, but generic agency types such as a 'MotorvehicleAgency' could be specified for general types of licenses. NOTE: i suing a commercial 'license' to use a copyright or patent is represented by ''IssuingaCommercialLicense''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'certify' in WordNet: 3. (2) license, licence, certify - (authorize officially; 'I am licensed to practice law in this state') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accrediting, :GrantingPermission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GovernmentalOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :License ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :Isthmus :guid "bd58d0da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "isthmus1n" ; :wordnet "isthmus" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, connecting two significantly larger bodies of land. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'isthmus' in WordNet: 1. isthmus - (a relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandBody, :LandTopographicalFeature, :Path-Simple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ] . :IsthmusOfPanama :isAdjacentTo :AtlanticOcean, :PacificOcean ; a :Isthmus . :ItIsHoped :en "I hope", "if all goes well", "if things go well", "it is hoped", "we hope" ; :wnsense "hopefully2adv" ; :wordnet "hopefully" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ItIsHoped'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Assertion and asserts that the speaker of the assertion has hope that the assertion is or will become true.. @mod47 RHW: 2. it is hoped; if all goes well: Hopefully, we will get to the show on time. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'hopefully' in WordNet: 2. hopefully - (it is hoped; 'hopefully the weather will be fine on Sunday') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Italian :wasCreatedBy :ItalianSpeakers ; :wnsense "Italian2n" ; :wordnet "Italian" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Italian' in Wordnet: 2. (1) Italian - (the Romance language spoken in Italy) """ . :ItalianSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Italy :wnsense "Italy1n" ; :wordnet "Italy" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Italy' in WordNet: 1. (6) Italy, Italian Republic, Italia - (a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD) """ . :ItalyArea :isSpatiallyDisjointWith :UnitedKingdomArea ; :isaSpatialPartOf :EuropeRegion ; a :CountryRegion ; rdfs:comment """The physical area of the country of Italy in Europe, including the regions containing everything in it.""" . :Itch :wnsense "itch3n" ; :wordnet "itch" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An itching sensation, on the skin. Not usually considered as a symptom of any ailment, though it could be caused by one. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'itch' in Wordnet: 3. itch, itchiness, itching - (an irritating cutaneous sensation that produces a desire to scratch) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, :Symptom, :UnpleasantSensation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Itchy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoying ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScratchingAnItch ; owl:onProperty :causesDesireForAction ] . :ItchMite :wnsense "itch mite1n", "sarcoptid1n" ; :wordnet "itch mite", "sarcoptid" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ItchMite'' is the Mite that causes''Scabies''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'itch mite' in WordNet: 1. itch mite, sarcoptid - (whitish mites that attack the skin of humans and other animals; 'itch mites cause scabies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scabies ; owl:onProperty :causesAilment ] . :Itchy :wnsense "itchy2adj" ; :wordnet "itchy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Itchy'' is an AttributeValue of a region of ''Skin'' that is not ''Painful'' but is annoying enough to gather attention and produce a desire to scratch. See ''Itch''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'itchy' in WordNet: 2. itchy - (causing an irritating cutaneous sensation; being affect with an itch; 'he had an itchy toe from the mosquito bite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Item :wnsense "item1n" ; :wordnet "item" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Item'' is a distinct ''Unit'' that is one component element of a''List''.. This is an abstract object, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'item' in WordNet: 1. (31) item, point - (a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of things that could be enumerated on a list; 'he noticed an item in the New York Times'; 'she had several items on her shopping list'; 'the main point on the agenda was taken up first') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :Unit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :List ] . :Iteration :ldoce "time" ; :wnsense "time1n" ; :wordnet "time" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Iteration' is an Event of a type that occurs or could occur more than once. NOTE: this is not a series of such Events, but an individual Event that could or usually does occur in a Series. For a series of such Iterations, use ''CyclicEventSeries''. This corresponds to the intuitive notion of 'one time' for an Event that may occur more than once. It is possible for such an Event in reality to occur only once, as in the statement 'the first time he smoked a cigarette he thought it was repulsive, and never tried it again' this event is one ''Iteration'' of a smoking Action, even though that Action with that agent was never repeated. The linguistic representation of this type is labeled by the word 'time' (first time, last time, every time). An ''Iteration'' may or not be a ''Cycle'' (a subtype), in which some value of a fluent returns to its original value. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time' in WordNet: 1. (565) time, clip - (an instance or single occasion for some event; 'this time he succeeded'; 'he called four times'; 'he could do ten at a clip') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :Ivory :guid "bd58cbfb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :Tusk ; :isTheMainConstituentSubstanceOf :Tusk ; :wnsense "ivory1n" ; :wordnet "ivory" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance derived from ''Tusk''s, especially those of an ''Elephant' See ''Tusk''. . Other types of 'ivory' (walrus tusks?) could be in a different different subtypes if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ivory' in WordNet: 1. (6) ivory, tusk - (a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SolidAnimalMatter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tusk ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tusk ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainConstituentSubstanceOf ] . :IvoryCoast a :Country . :IvoryColor :guid "99e7ad26-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "bone3n", "ivory2n", "off-white1n", "pearl2n" ; :wordnet "bone", "ivory", "off-white", "pearl" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ivory' in WordNet: 2. (2) bone, ivory, pearl, off-white - (a shade of white the color of bleached bones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Yellowish . :Ivy :wnsense "English ivy1n", "Hedera helix1n", "common ivy1n", "ivy1n" ; :wordnet "English ivy", "Hedera helix", "common ivy", "ivy" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ivy' in WordNet: 1. (1) ivy, common ivy, English ivy, Hedera helix - (Old World vine with lobed evergreen leaves and black berrylike fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Species, :Vine . :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isTheAuthorOf :PeterPanStories ; :practicesOccupation :ProfessionalAuthoring ; a :Author, :DeadPerson, :MalePerson, :Novelist . :JFK-TheMovie :hasPart :JFKgettingShot ; :hasTopic :MurderOfJFK ; :isanAbstractRepresentationOf :MurderOfJFK ; :wasCreatedBy :OliverStone ; a :Movie ; rdfs:comment """The 1991 Movie 'JFK' by director Oliver Stone with a fictional telling of events surrounding the day when President Kennedy was shot in Dallas, Texas.""" . :JFK_is_Alive :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_JFK_is_Alive ; :hasRelation :hasVitalityAttribute ; :hasReturnValue :Alive ; :hasSubject :JohnFitzgeraldKennedy ; a :RelationInstance . :JFK_is_Dead :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_JFK_is_Dead ; :hasRelation :hasVitalityAttribute ; :hasReturnValue :Dead ; :hasSubject :JohnFitzgeraldKennedy ; a :RelationInstance . :JFKgettingShot a :MovieClip . :JKRowling :hasMassInGrams "60000"^^xsd:float ; :wasAliveDuring :YEARS_1966-2011 ; a :FemalePerson, :LivingPerson . :Jabber :wnsense "gabble1n", "jabber1n", "jabbering1n" ; :wordnet "gabble", "jabber", "jabbering" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Unintelligible''Gibberish'' that is rapid ly spoken. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jabber' in WordNet: 1. jabber, jabbering, gabble - (rapid and indistinct speech) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nonsense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fast ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Jack-TheCard :wnsense "jack9n", "knave2n" ; :wordnet "jack", "knave" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'jack' in WordNet: 9. jack, knave - (one of four face cards in a deck bearing a picture of a young prince) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingCard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeckOfCards ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :JackKnife :en "jack-knife" ; :wnsense "jackknife1n" ; :wordnet "jackknife" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of ''PocketKnife''. Distinction seems to be that this is 'large' - relative to other types of ''PocketKnife''. Macheath's favorite weapon, immortalized in song: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mack_the_Knife Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jackknife' in Wordnet: 1. clasp knife, jackknife - (a large knife with one or more folding blades) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PocketKnife, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Jackal :guid "bd58c2de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Canis aureus1n", "jackal1n" ; :wordnet "Canis aureus", "jackal" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jackal' in WordNet: 1. jackal, Canis aureus - (Old World nocturnal canine mammal closely related to the dog; smaller than a wolf; sometimes hunts in a pack but usually singly or as a member of a pair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canine, :Scavenger, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NocturnallyActive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Jacket :wnsense "jacket1n" ; :wordnet "jacket" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Does not extend much farther than the lower part of the hip. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jacket' in Wordnet: 1. (12) jacket - (a short coat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Top, :Coat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Jade :guid "be22610b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jade1n", "jadestone1n" ; :wordnet "jade", "jadestone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Jade-Gem':A #$SemipreciousStone which is green in color and translucent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jade' in WordNet: 1. (2) jade, jadestone - (a semiprecious gemstone that takes a high polish; is usually green but sometimes whitish; consists of jadeite or nephrite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gemstone . :Jaded :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :BeingTiredOfSomething ; :lex "tired" ; :wnsense "jaded2adj" ; :wordnet "jaded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing BeingTiredOfSomething. This attribute means more than just the 'dulled' in WordNet, it includes a positive preference not to see any more of the same thing. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'jaded' in WordNet: 2. (2) jaded - (dulled by surfeit; 'the amoral, jaded, bored upper classes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Jadeite :guid "beabf171-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jadeite1n" ; :wordnet "jadeite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jadeite' in WordNet: 1. jadeite - (a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jade ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Jagged :isAnAttributeValueOf :LongAndThinThing ; :wnsense "jagged1adj", "jaggy2adj", "ragged3adj", "scraggy2adj" ; :wordnet "jagged", "jaggy", "ragged", "scraggy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for things that are thin and long like a line. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'jagged' in Wordnet: 1. (3) jagged, jaggy, scraggy - (having a sharply uneven surface or outline; 'the jagged outline of the crags'; 'scraggy cliffs') WN Includes adjective sense 3 of 'ragged: 3. (2) ragged - (having an irregular outline; 'text set with ragged right margins'; 'herded the class into a ragged line') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uneven . :Jainism :hasBeliever :Jains ; :hasTopic :JainsShouldFollowTheTeachingsOfTheTirthankaras ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is a spiritual religion of Indian origin dating back at least as far as the 9th century BC, but believed by Jains to stretch back many centuries into the very distant past. A Jain is a follower of Jinas ('conquerors'), human beings who have rediscovered the dharma, become fully liberated and taught the spiritual path for the benefit of beings. Jains follow the teachings of 24 special Jinas who are known as Tirthankaras ('ford-makers', those who have discovered and shown the way to salvation). The 24th and most recent Tirthankar is Lord Mahavira who lived from 599 to 527 BCE according to traditional history. The 23rd Tirthankar of Jains, Lord Parsvanatha is now recognised as a historical person, who lived during 872 to 772 BC. Jaina tradition is unanimous in making Rishabha, as the First Tirthankar.[5] """ . :Jains :believes :Jainism ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ReligiousGroup . :JainsShouldFollowTheTeachingsOfTheTirthankaras :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Jains_should_follow_the_teachings_of_the_Tirthankaras ; :hasTopic :ENG_Jains_should_follow_the_teachings_of_the_Tirthankaras ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :Jam :wnsense "jam1n" ; :wordnet "jam" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Jam is a preparation containing 'FruitFood' together with possible other ingredients, especially sweeteners. If it is jellied, that would qualify as a 'jelly' even though it has solid parts to it. RHW 'jam' n1L: preserve of whole fruit, slightly crushed, boiled with sugar: strawberry jam. @ToDo: perhaps should be different parent, as Jelly can have sugar added to it and not be considered as truly 'fruit' corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jam' in WordNet: WN 'jam': 1. (3) jam - (preserve of crushed fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrushedFruit ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Jamaica :wnsense "Jamaica1n" ; :wordnet "Jamaica" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jamaica' in WordNet: 1. Jamaica - (a country on the island of Jamaica; became independent of England in 1962; much poverty; the major industry is tourism) """ . :JamesWatt :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :invented :SteamEngine ; a :Inventor . :Janitor :guid "bd58fcde-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "janitor1n" ; :wordnet "janitor" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any Position which involves cleaning a Building or some of the Rooms within a Building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'janitor' in Wordnet: 1. (3) janitor - (someone employed to clean and maintain a building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, :FacilitiesPerson, :UnskilledWorker . :January :wnsense "January1n" ; :wordnet "January" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are January. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'January' in WordNet: 1. (12) January, Jan - (the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Japan :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :JapanArea ; :wnsense "Japan2n", "Nihon1n", "Nippon1n" ; :wordnet "Japan", "Nihon", "Nippon" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """The 'Country' of Japan, viewed as an agent. The territory is represented as ''JapanArea''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Japan' (capitalized) in WordNet: 2. (3) Japan, Nippon, Nihon - (a constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese Archipelago; a world leader in electronics and automobile manufacture and ship building) """ . :JapanArea :wnsense "Japan1n", "Japanese Archipelago1n", "Japanese Islands1n" ; :wordnet "Japan", "Japanese Archipelago", "Japanese Islands" ; a :CountryRegion ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Japan' (capitalized) in WordNet: 1. (6) Japan, Japanese Islands, Japanese Archipelago - (a string of more than 3,000 islands east of Asia extending 1,300 miles between the Sea of Japan and the western Pacific Ocean) """ . :Japanese :wasCreatedBy :JapaneseSpeakers ; :wnsense "Japanese2n" ; :wordnet "Japanese" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Japanese' in Wordnet: 2. (1) Japanese - (the language (usually considered to be Altaic) spoken by the Japanese) """ . :JapaneseSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :JapaneseYen :en "yen" ; a :CurrencyUnit ; rdfs:comment "The unit of currency used in Japan." . :Jar :guid "bd58ff38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jar1n" ; :wordnet "jar" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A cylindrical container made of glass, ceramic, or plastic (but not of metal) that has a wide opening at the top, designed to be closed with some kind of cap. The difference between a 'Jar' and a 'Bottle' in COSMO is only in the width of the opening. For COSMO purposes, a Jar has an opening diameter at least half the maximum diameter of the cylindrical portion, and a 'Bottle' has an opening diameter less than half the maximum diameter. The main distinction from a ''Bottle'' is that a Bottle has a constricted neck (a ''BottleNeck'') and a ''Jar'' does not. So the restriction asserts that - for clarification. Also, a 'Jar' can contain things other than fluids. Cyc: The collection of jar-like containers: generally glass or ceramic and cylindrical in shape with an opening at the top. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jar' in WordNet: 1. (4) jar - (a vessel (usually cylindrical) with a wide mouth and without handles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerWithTopCap, :CylindricalHollowObject, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottleNeck ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ] . :JarFul :isTheQuantityThatWillFillA :Jar ; :wnsense "jar2n", "jarful1n" ; :wordnet "jar", "jarful" ; a :ContainerFull ; rdfs:comment """A 'JarFul' is the quantity that will fill a container called a ''Jar'', whih depends on the size of the ''Jar'', but for this type will typically be larger than a ''CupFul''. When referring to a 'jar' of materials where the 'jar' is smaller than a cup, the reference is usually to a ''ContainerAndContents'' rather than just the contents. The term 'jarful' will almost always refer only to the quantity of contents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jarful' in WordNet: 1. jar, jarful - (the quantity contained in a jar; \"he drank a jar of beer\") """ . :Jargon :wnsense "argot1n", "cant3n", "jargon1n", "lingo1n", "patois1n", "slang2n", "vernacular1n" ; :wordnet "argot", "cant", "jargon", "lingo", "patois", "slang", "vernacular" ; a :GroupType, :LanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Jargon'' is a ''Terminology'' used by a relatively small GroupOfPeople such as specialists who use it when talking to each other, especially about their specialty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jargon' in WordNet: 1. (1) slang, cant, jargon, lingo, argot, patois, vernacular - (a characteristic language of a particular group (as among thieves); 'they don't speak our lingo') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Terminology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Word ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Jaundice :guid "2ada807a-c43f-41d7-9951-f25366ec729c" ; :wnsense "icterus1n", "jaundice1n" ; :wordnet "icterus", "jaundice" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$PhysiologicalConditionType characterized by a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jaundice' in WordNet: 1. jaundice, icterus - (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :MedicalSymptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hepatitis ; owl:onProperty :isaSymptomOf ] . :Jaunty :wnsense "dapper1adj", "dashing2adj", "jaunty1adj", "natty1adj", "raffish1adj", "rakish1adj", "snappy4adj", "spiffy1adj", "spruce1adj" ; :wordnet "dapper", "dashing", "jaunty", "natty", "raffish", "rakish", "snappy", "spiffy", "spruce" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Needs examples of usage to make it more precise. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'jaunty' in Wordnet: 1. (1) dapper, dashing, jaunty, natty, raffish, rakish, spiffy, snappy, spruce - (marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners; 'a dapper young man'; 'a jaunty red hat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stylish . :Javelin :guid "bd58c5bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "javelin1n" ; :wordnet "javelin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'javelin' in WordNet: 2. javelin - (a spear thrown as a weapon or in competitive field events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spear, :SportsEquipment . :Jaw :guid "bd58e311-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Head ; :ldoce "jaw" ; :wnsense "jaw1n" ; :wordnet "jaw" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Lower region of the head that moves when chewing food. NOT the Jawbone. The upper part, holding the upper teeth, is included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jaw' in WordNet: 1. (9) jaw - (the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Jawbone :guid "c0fdf2ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "jawbone" ; :wnsense "jawbone1n" ; :wordnet "jawbone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the mandible; the inferior maxillary bone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jawbone' in WordNet: 1. lower jaw, mandible, mandibula, mandibular bone, submaxilla, lower jawbone, jawbone, jowl - (the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skull ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jaw ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :JazzMusic :guid "c0fd8a33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jazz1n" ; :wordnet "jazz" ; a :GenreType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The music, not the genre. @db1435 Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'jazz' in WordNet: 2. jazz - (a genre of popular music that originated in New Orleans around 1900 and developed through increasingly complex styles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopularMusic . :Jealous :guid "e362a366-42cc-11d6-8000-0002b38bcf96" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Jealousy ; :ldoce "jealous" ; :wnsense "jealous1adj", "jealous2adj" ; :wordnet "jealous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing Jealousy. NOTE that this is an AttributeValue, not a subtype of Person, as it is in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being jealous. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'jealous' in WordNet: 1. (3) covetous, envious, jealous - (showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages; 'he was never covetous before he met her'; 'jealous of his success and covetous of his possessions'; 'envious of their art collection') 2. (2) jealous, green-eyed, overjealous - (suspicious or unduly suspicious or fearful of being displaced by a rival; 'a jealous lover') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desirous, :Resentful . :Jealousy :guid "bd58a4d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "jealousy" ; :wnsense "jealousy1n" ; :wordnet "jealousy" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A combination of Envy (an Emotion that is caused by observation of another person - especially a rival - who has something that the jealous person wants but does not have) and Resentment. The Resentment arises from a Feeling of slight or from rivalry, and adds to the Envy. Cyc: An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Jealousy is some agent's feeling of suspicion and resentment toward a perceived rival. Instances of #$Jealousy vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or the subject experiencing the feeling. See also the analogous feeling #$Envy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jealousy' in WordNet: 1. (2) jealousy, green-eyed monster - (a feeling of jealous envy (especially of a rival)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Envy, :Resentment . :Jeans :en "blue jeans", "jeans" ; :wnsense "blue jean1n", "denim1n", "jean1n" ; :wordnet "blue jean", "denim", "jean" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Jeans are ''Trousers'' that are made from denim. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jean' in WordNet: 1. jean, blue jean, denim - ((usually plural) close-fitting pants of heavy denim for manual work or casual wear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trousers, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothLegs ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Jeep :guid "be1d2b0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jeep1n", "landrover1n" ; :wordnet "jeep", "landrover" ; a :ContainerType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC 'Jeep-Traditional': The collection of all small #$FourWheelDrive open #$Automobiles with an open luggage compartment that are capable of driving off the road. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jeep' in WordNet: 1. (5) jeep, landrover - (a car suitable for traveling over rough terrain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automobile . :Jeep-Military :en "military jeep" ; :guid "bd82921d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of jeep-like vehicles used primarily by military organizations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Jeep, :MilitaryVehicle . :Jeering :causes :Annoyance ; :en "jeer at", "scoff at" ; :wnsense "barrack3v", "deride1v", "flout2v", "gibe2v", "jeer1n", "jeer1v", "jeering1n", "mockery1n", "scoff1v", "scoffing1n" ; :wordnet "barrack", "deride", "flout", "gibe", "jeer", "jeering", "mockery", "scoff", "scoffing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Jeering'' is a form of 'Teasing' in a manner expressing ''Contempt''. NOTE: 'deride' in WN seems to be mostly 'speaking of' but not necessarily directly addressing the Person derided. This includes the WN 'deride' but inclues only the sense of directly adressng the person being derieded. RHW 'deride' emphasizes the sense of directly addressing the deridee: to laugh at in scorn or contempt; scoff or jeer at; mock. NOTE: mst of these terms append an 'at' to specify the person being jeered at. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jeer' in WordNet: 1. (3) jeer, scoff, flout, barrack, gibe - (laugh at with contempt and derision; 'The crowd jeered at the speaker') WN verb 'deride': 1. (2) deride - (treat or speak of with contempt; 'He derided his student's attempt to solve the biggest problem in mathematics') WN noun 'jeering': 1. jeer, jeering, mockery, scoff, scoffing - (showing your contempt by derision) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingEmotion, :Teasing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laughing ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contemptuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contempt ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Jejunum :guid "c004e43c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jejunum1n" ; :wordnet "jejunum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Jejunums. Each instance of this collection is the central section of a #$SmallIntestine, which runs from the #$Duodenum to the #$Ilium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jejunum' in WordNet: 1. (3) jejunum - (the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :Intestine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DuodenumAndIleum ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Jell-O :isaComponentSubstanceOf :Gel ; :wnsense "Jell-O" ; :wordnet "Jell-O" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Hydrocolloid' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that can form a gel when mixed with water. This is for the solid mixed with water,not for the resulting semisolid gel. This is included mostly to provide a parent for Jell-O Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hydrocolloid' in WordNet: 1. jello, Jell-O - (fruit-flavored dessert (trade mark Jell-O) made from a commercially prepared gelatin powder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hydrocolloid . :Jellied :wnsense "gelatinous1adj", "jellied1adj", "jellylike1adj" ; :wordnet "gelatinous", "jellied", "jellylike" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having the semisolid consistency of a gelatinous substance that has congealed to the point where it does not flow when tilted in gravity, and maintains much of its shaped when a portion is placed on a plate. NOTE that this is one of the borderline cases where something can be considered both 'Solid' and 'Semisolid'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'jellied' in WordNet: 1. congealed, jelled, jellied - (congealed into jelly; solidified by cooling; 'in Georgia they serve congealed salads') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gelatinous, :SemiSolid, :Solid . :Jelly :guid "bf077757-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "jelly" ; :wnsense "jelly1n" ; :wordnet "jelly" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Jelly is a 'gelatinous' preparation of 'FruitFood' together with possible other ingredients, especially some stuff to make it congeal. NOTE this a 'Jelly' is usually prepared from fruit juice, but may have some solid pieces of friut in it. If it is jellied, then it is a 'Jelly'. A Non-jellied FruitFood 'Preserve' with solid parts (crushed fruit) is termed 'Jam'. Similar to CYC 'Jelly-Foodstuff', but the CYC term is considered a subtype of 'Jam', which is not true in COSMO. CYC: This is the collection of all instances of jelly. Jelly is generally made from fruit, which is combined with sugar and cooked until a certain temperature is reached. Sometimes pectin is added to aid in gelling. Jelly is then strained so that it is clear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jelly' in WordNet: 1. (2) jelly - (a preserve made of the jelled juice of fruit) WN 'jam': 1. (3) jam - (preserve of crushed fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitFood, :Gel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jellied ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :JellyBean :wnsense "jelly bean1n" ; :wordnet "jelly bean" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is one jelly bean. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jelly bean' in Wordnet: 1. jelly bean, jelly egg - (sugar-glazed jellied candy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CandyObject, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jelly ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beanoid ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Jellyfish :guid "c0fd4cce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jellyfish2n", "medusa2n", "medusan1n" ; :wordnet "jellyfish", "medusa", "medusan" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'jellyfish' in WordNet: 2. jellyfish, medusa, medusan - (any of numerous usually marine and free-swimming coelenterates that constitute the sexually reproductive forms of hydrozoans and scyphozoans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Radiata, :VenomousAnimal . :JellyfishSting :en "jellyfish sting" ; :guid "bee484c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Jellyfish Sting with their ''Tentacle''s """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StingingByAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jellyfish ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tentacle ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :Jerk :wnsense "jerk1n" ; :wordnet "jerk" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Jerk'' is a vague term for a Person with one or more characteristics that are considered socially undesirable, the most prominent one being that that person is ''Stupid'' in some way - perhaps just socially, but perhaps in other ways as well. The WN suggests also 'fatuous' (silly), and RHW sugests 'naive'. COSMO requires 'srupid' and 'silly' - the other characteristics are optional. RHW: 'jerk' 4: Slang. a contemptibly naive, fatuous, foolish, or inconsequential person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jerk' in Wordnet: 1. (2) jerk, dork - (a dull stupid fatuous person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stupid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :JerkingMotion :eng "jerking", "yanking" ; :wnsense "jerk1v" ; :wordnet "jerk" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Motion in which a brief ''Acceleration'' occurs. This includes both the transitive (causing a JermginMotion) as well as the instrnative describing only the motion itself without a specified causative agent. For the causative subtype alone use ''Yanking''. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'jerk' in Wordnet: 1. (15) yank, jerk - (pull, or move with a sudden movement; 'He turned the handle and jerked the door open') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acceleration, :Motion . :Jesting :wnsense "jest2v", "joke1v" ; :wordnet "jest", "joke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Jesting'' is an informal ''SpokenCommunicating'' in which a Person makes joking remarks, not intended to be taken seriously. NOTE: this is informal; the subtype ''\"JokeTelling'' is for telling jokes as an ''EntertainmentEvent''. 'just joking!' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'jest' in WordNet: 1. (1) joke, jest - (tell a joke; speak humorously; 'He often jokes even when he appears serious') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpokenCommunicating . :Jesus :died :Year29AD ; :hasMassInGrams "80000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaSpiritualRealm, :Dead ; :wnsense "Christ1n", "Jesus Christ1n", "Jesus1n" ; :wordnet "Christ", "Jesus", "Jesus Christ" ; a :MalePerson, :ReligiousFigure ; rdfs:comment """Death date would be 'DTEG_0029'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jesus' in Wordnet: 1. (7) Jesus, Jesus of Nazareth, the Nazarene, Jesus Christ, Christ, Savior, Saviour, Good Shepherd, Redeemer, Deliverer - (a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)) """ . :JesusChristIsGod :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Jesus_Christ_is_God ; :hasTopic :ENG_Jesus_Christ_is_God ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :JetAirplane :guid "bd58b3ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jet plane1n", "jet1n" ; :wordnet "jet", "jet plane" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'JetPropelledAircraft': The collection of all aircraft propelled by #$JetEngines. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jet' in WordNet: 1. (2) jet, jet plane, jet-propelled plane - (an airplane powered by one or more jet engines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Airplane, :Monoplane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JetEngine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JetEngine ; owl:onProperty :usesEnergySource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JetEngine ; owl:onProperty :isPropelledBy ] . :JetEngine :guid "c13d3cee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jet engine1n" ; :wordnet "jet engine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: the collection of all #$Engines designed for use in #$JetPropelledAircraft. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jet engine' in WordNet: 1. jet engine - (a gas turbine produces a stream of hot gas that propels a jet plane by reaction propulsion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AircraftEngine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JetOfGas ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :JetOfFluid :en "jet" ; :guid "c0fbb1e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note:this is broader than the CYC meaning, in that the 'jet' may be contained within a conduit. A distinction, as in CYC, may be needed. CYC: A straight long and thin region of fluid which is in a fluid that is moving relative to its fluid surroundings. Thus there are water jets in whirlpools, air jets at the exhaust of jet engines. I guess we want to say that car exhaust usually does not jet out of the tail pipe (unless of course you are driving the Batmobile). **NOTE** that this is a ''PhysicalObject'' but its distinctive characteristic is that it is *flowing* and this makes it a ''DynamicObject'' in the sense used in COSMO. No WordNet noun seems to have this meaning. The closest is sense 5 of 'jet': in WordNet: 5. fountain, jet - (an artificially produced flow of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DynamicObject, :FluidObject, :LongAndThinObject . :JetOfGas a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note:this is broader than the CYC meaning, in that the 'jet' may be contained within a conduit. A distinction, as in CYC, may be needed. **NOTE** that this is a ''PhysicalObject'' but its distinctive characteristic is that it is *flowing* and this makes it a ''DynamicObject'' in the sense used in COSMO.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :JetOfFluid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gas ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :JetOfSteamAndWater :en "jet of steam and water" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''JetOfSteamAndWater'' ''JetOfFluid'' that includes ''JetOfWater'' and a ''JetOfGas'' in which the ''Gas'' is ''Steam''. This type of Object is emitted by a ''Geyser'' and possibly other sources. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JetOfFluid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HotWater ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steam ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JetOfWater ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JetOfGas ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :JetOfWater :en "jet of water" ; :wnsense "jet2n", "spirt1n", "spurt1n", "squirt2n" ; :wordnet "jet", "spirt", "spurt", "squirt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''JetOfWater'' is a WaterObject propelled in a relatively narrow stream through the air. This does not have to be continuous, as the jets in a geyser or a whale's ''Spouting'' may be thin and intermittent and mixed with gas. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'jet' in WordNet: 2. (1) jet, squirt, spurt, spirt - (the occurrence of a sudden discharge (as of liquid)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JetOfFluid, :WaterObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Jetsam :wnsense "jetsam1n" ; :wordnet "jetsam" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Jetsam'' is a Group consisting of all of the PhysicalObjects that remain floating after being jettisoned to try to prevent a ''Ship'' from sinking, typically a part of the''ShipsCargo''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jetsam' in WordNet: 1. jetsam - (the part of a ship's equipment or cargo that is thrown overboard to lighten the load in a storm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PhysicalObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShipsCargo ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Jewel :ldoce "jewel" ; :wnsense "jewel1n" ; :wordnet "jewel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Gemstone'' (piece of mineral ''GemStuff''), or a ''Pearl'' or some synthetic object designed to resemble such things, that may be cut and polished to be worn in a piece of Jeweltry. This sense of Jewel includes only the stone (or pearl) itself, and not the setting. Instances of this type do not have to be polished or otherwise made ready for inclusion in Jewelry. For the gemstones, use ''Gemstone''. NOTE that every Jewel is an Ornament, because it was designed to be ornamental (even if it is never used as an ornament). NOTE that every ''Jewel'' is a ''PersonalPossession'' that is owned by some agent. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'jewel' in WordNet: 1. (2) jewel, gem, precious stone - (a precious or semiprecious stone incorporated into a piece of jewelry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Gemstone, :Ornament, :SmallObject, :Valuable-PersonalPossession . :JewelSetting :wnsense "mount4n", "setting6n" ; :wordnet "mount", "setting" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''JewelSetting'' is a ''Mounting'' that is used for displaying .some kind of ''Jewel'' for wearing on the body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'setting' in WordNet: 6. mount, setting - (a mounting consisting of a piece of metal (as in a ring or other jewelry) that holds a gem in place; 'the diamond was in a plain gold mount') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mounting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jewel ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jewelry ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Jewelry :guid "bd58cea2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "jewelry" ; :wnsense "jewellery1n", "jewelry1n" ; :wordnet "jewellery", "jewelry" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of Jewelry - a jewelry item (**not** the collective sense of multiple pieces of jewelry). NOTE that this is construed broadly, so that anything worn that is in any way decorative (rather than symboplic - like a ''Badge'') is included. Special examples are a ''Crown''. Cyc: The collection of all kinds of jewelry - items made of precious stones and/or metals, or fake analogs of these, intended to be worn on the body/clothing for decoration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jewelry' in WordNet: 1. jewelry, jewellery - (an adornment (as a bracelet or ring or necklace) made of precious metals and set with gems (or imitation gems)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collectible, :Decoration, :DurableGood, :HandSizedObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :SomethingToWear, :Valuable-PersonalPossession . :JewelryPin :wnsense "pin1n" ; :wordnet "pin" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Jewelry ''Pin'' has an integrated part that allows it to be fastened to a piece of clothing, usually a top or lapel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pin' in WordNet: 1. (1) pin - (a piece of jewelry that is pinned onto the wearer's garment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :Jewelry, :PinnableObject, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothing-Top ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :JewelryStore-Facility :guid "e255f37a-c070-11d6-8000-0002b3a330dc" ; :sells :Jewelry ; :wnsense "jewelry dealer1n", "jewelry store1n" ; :wordnet "jewelry dealer", "jewelry store" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all physical constructions housing jewelry stores. NOTE: in WN thissynset represents the Organization that is a Jewery Dealer. This type is the physical store - the Organizations have not yet been represented at that level of detail; when it is this should be switched to the organizatin. BIT - the store itself is not represented in WN. This is temporary label until more detail is added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jewelry store' in WordNet: 1. jewelry dealer, jewelry store - (a firm that sells and buys jewelry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic, :HumanShelterConstruction, :RetailStore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jewelry ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :Jewish :pertainsTo :JewishPerson, :Jews, :Judaism ; :wnsense "Jewish1adj", "Judaic2adj" ; :wordnet "Jewish", "Judaic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Jewish'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''JewishPerson'' or the ''Jews'' or ''Judaism'' or he culture of the Jews. This is usually written with a capital 'J'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jewish' in WordNet: 1. (52) Jewish, Judaic - (of or relating to Jews or their culture or religion; 'He is Jewish'; 'a Jewish wedding') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :JewishGhetto :wnsense "ghetto1n" ; :wordnet "ghetto" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ghetto'' created by law and restricted to Jewish people. (no representation yet of 'Pale of Settlement' in Russia.) 'isTheLocationOf' - what? how to espress restriction? Can a 'Government' of a locality create a Ghetto? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ghetto' in WordNet: 1. (5) ghetto - (formerly the restricted quarter of many European cities in which Jews were required to live; 'the Warsaw ghetto') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ghetto, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Government ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Restricted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :JewishHoliday :wnsense "Jewish holy day1n" ; :wordnet "Jewish holy day" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousHoliday'' celebrated by Jewish people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jewish holy day' in WordNet: 1. Jewish holy day - (a religious holiday for Jews) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousHoliday . :JewishPerson :guid "c1007850-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Israelite2n", "Jew1n" ; :wordnet "Israelite", "Jew" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who adhere to a faith in ''Judaism'' or simply consider themselves to be Jewish. This may simply entail some sort of loose ethnic tie or allegiance, and does not necessarily imply belief in any of the tenets of Judaism or practice of Jewish rituals. The restriction requires that every JewishPerson believes Judaism, but the interpretation of Judaism can vary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jew' in WordNet: 1. (55) Jew, Hebrew, Israelite - (a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :ReligiousPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jewish ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judaism ; owl:onProperty :believes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jews ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Jews :believes :Judaism ; :en "Jews" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ReligiousGroup ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Jews'' represents the entire Group of People who identify with ''Judaism'' either by religious belief or by tradition, as well as those with a substantial genetic fraction of genes inherited from the Jewish people in Israel before the great Diaspora,or one of whose parents identified as 'Jewish'. """ . :JigDevice :wnsense "jig3n" ; :wordnet "jig" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''JigDevice'' is used to hold an object while the Object is being shaped by another Device. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'jig' in WordNet: 3. jig - (a device that holds a piece of machine work and guides the tools operating on it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :JigSaw :wnsense "jigsaw1n", "reciprocating saw1n", "saber saw1n" ; :wordnet "jigsaw", "reciprocating saw", "saber saw" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''JigSaw'' is a ''PowerSaw'' with a thin blade that oscillates back and forth to allow the holder to cut a (relatively thin) piece of wood without pushing the arm back and forth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jigsaw' in WordNet: 1. saber saw, jigsaw, reciprocating saw - (a portable power saw with a reciprocating blade; can be used with a variety of blades depending on the application and kind of cut; generally have a plate that rides on the surface that is being cut) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PowerSaw . :Jiggling :wnsense "jiggle1v", "joggle1v", "wiggle1n", "wiggle1v", "wriggle1n" ; :wordnet "jiggle", "joggle", "wiggle", "wriggle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: 'squirm' does not fit the sense intended here, as a rapid back-and-forth motion (usually of a body part, but possibly causing an object to move back and forth). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'jiggle' in WordNet: 1. jiggle, joggle, wiggle - (move to and fro; 'Don't jiggle your finger while the nurse is putting on the bandage!') WN noun 'wiggle': 1. wiggle, wriggle, squirm - (the act of wiggling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShakingMotion . :JigsawPuzzle :wnsense "jigsaw puzzle1n" ; :wordnet "jigsaw puzzle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Produced by subjecting a physical Picture to a ''CuttingInPieces'' Action. It is 'solved' by ''PiecingTogether'' the separate interlocking pieces. NOTE: This needs elaboration by creating a 'SolvingaJigsawPuzzle' entry, and adding ''hasComponentObjectType'' - JigsawPuzzlePiece' (describing the pieces) @ToDO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jigsaw puzzle' in WordNet: 1. jigsaw puzzle - (a puzzle that requires you to reassemble a picture that has been mounted on a stiff base and cut into interlocking pieces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PhysicalImage, :Print, :Puzzle-TangibleProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PiecingTogether ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Jihad :wnsense "jehad2n", "jihad2n" ; :wordnet "jehad", "jihad" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE:the term 'jihad' is commonly used for the violent war and terrorism that is represented in COSMO by ''InternationalJihad''. This ''Jihad'' is for a personal religious non-violent struggle. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'jihad' in WordNet: 2. jihad, jehad - (a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Striving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimPerson ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Jihadist :en "jihadi" ; :enn "jihadi" ; :wnsense "Jihadist1n" ; :wordnet "Jihadist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jihadist' in WordNet: 1. Jihadist - (a Muslim who is involved in a jihad) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MuslimPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternationalJihad ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Jilted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Jilting ; :wnsense "jilted1adj", "rejected1adj", "spurned1adj" ; :wordnet "jilted", "rejected", "spurned" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'jilted' in Wordnet: 1. jilted, rejected, spurned - (rebuffed (by a lover) without warning; 'jilted at the altar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Jilting :wnsense "jilt1v" ; :wordnet "jilt" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Jilting'' is an intentional ''LeavingSomethingBehind'' where the thing left is a ''Lover'', often a fiance(e). This is a unilateral action, not previously agreed to by both parties, and may come as a surprise. It usually causes ''Disappointment'' in the Person jilted. The relation 'hadAffectedPerson' points to the ''Lover'' who was left behind. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'jilt' in WordNet: 1. (2) jilt - (cast aside capriciously or unfeelingly; 'jilt a lover or a bride') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :LeavingSomethingBehind, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jilted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lover ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disappointment ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :Jinx :ldoce "curse" ; :wnsense "curse3n", "hex1n", "jinx2n", "whammy2n" ; :wordnet "curse", "hex", "jinx", "whammy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Jinx'' is an Evil spell that causes something bad to happen to a Person or other living thing, produced by an ''UtteringaCurse'' Action. ?Q: can an inanimate object be cursed? e.g. so that it will cause bad things to happen? Needs a different type of hex or a broadening of this type. Examples? NOTE that a ''Spell'' is considered as a more general parent type of this more specific kind of 'curse' which is applied to people or animals only. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'curse' in WordNet: 3. (1) hex, jinx, curse, whammy - (an evil spell; 'a witch put a curse on his whole family'; 'he put the whammy on me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :Spell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UtteringaCurse ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evil ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Job-Biblical :hasMassInGrams "80000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :wnsense "Job10n" ; :wordnet "Job" ; a :MalePerson, :ReligiousFigure ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Job' in Wordnet: 10. Job - (a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him) """ . :JobDescription :guid "c0fd59e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "job" ; :wnsense "job4n" ; :wordnet "job" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The text that describes the duties of a particular 'EmploymentPosition' even of that text exists only in the head of the manager that will evaluate candidates or evaluate the performance of a person filling that post. A JobDescription is a description of the tasks that must be performed by the person holding a compensated job (Employment) and may include a list of the skills required to perform those tasks. A JobDescription will contain at least one and possibly multiple TaskDescriptions. The main distinction from a TaskDescription is that the tasks in a JobDescription are being performed for compensation (as Employment), and are likely to include multiple iterations of the same Task. This type can be used for informal descriptions of the duties of a Job (Job); a formal job description, written in documents used by large companies is a subtype of this type, labeled 'FormalJobDescription'. The Tasks described by a JobDescription are those that the employer wants the employee to perform; @ToDo: this restiction is not yet (rev813) formalized. NOTE: This type is a Description, not an Action, therefore it does not directly *represent* the actions constituting the actual performance of the tasks accompanying a JobPosition, it *describes* those actions and responsibilities. This roughly corresponds to 'job' sense 4 inWordNet,but that sense is a 'responsibility' and this is a description of that responsibility, so this needs to be expanded. in WordNet: 4. (54) job - (the responsibility to do something; 'it is their job to print the truth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :Assignment, :TaskDescription, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :describes ; owl:someValuesFrom :JobSituation ] . :JobFunctions :wnsense "function3n", "office3n", "part6n", "role1n" ; :wordnet "function", "office", "part", "role" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''JobFunctions'' is an ''ActionGroup'' that some Person or Group is expected to perform to execute the specifications of a ''JobDescription''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'function' in WordNet: 3. (7) function, office, part, role - (the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; 'the function of a teacher'; 'the government must do its part'; 'play its role') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :JobDescription ] . :JobInterview :en "interviewing" ; :wnsense "interview2v" ; :wordnet "interview" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Interviewing'' Action in which a potential employer meets with a potential employee to determine suitability for a job, and to rank interviewees for comparison. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'interview' in Wordnet: 2. (5) interview - (discuss formally with (somebody) for the purpose of an evaluation; 'We interviewed the job candidates') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asking, :FormalMeeting, :InformationGathering . :JobSituation :en "being employed", "having a job" ; :ldoce "employment", "job", "position", "post" ; :wnsense "employment1n", "position6n", "post3n", "service5n" ; :wordnet "employment", "position", "post", "service" ; a :ActionType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The StaticSituation of being Employed (not necessarily paid), a reified relation between an Employer and Employee. The Employee may be an Organization. This type reifies the relation 'isEmployedBy'. @ToDo: the implication of the relation 'isEmployedBy' will include the existence of an instance of this type, and vice-versa. To be added in the FOL version. NOTE that this differs from 'EmploymentPosition' in being the employment relation for an individual, not the generic post within an organization. A person can 'have' a job, but 'occupy' a post or position. This ''StaticSituation'' is also a subtype of ''WorkingEvent'' because part of the 'situation' requires that a person do some kind of work. For the line of work that a person engages in while doing her/his 'Job', use 'Occupation'. NOTE that the restriction requires that at least one of the 'PaidTask' be specified for any given 'Job'. A Job may require the employee to perform any number of PaidTasks (the employee's 'responsibility'). This is sense 2 of 'job in RHW: 2.a post of employment; full-time or part-time position: She was seeking a job as an editor. ***BUT*** No sense of 'job' in WordNet corresponds to this Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'employment' and sense 6 of 'position' and sense 3 of 'post' in WordNet: 1. (9) employment, employ - (the state of being employed or having a job; 'they are looking for employment'; 'he was in the employ of the city') WN 'position': 6. (12) position, post, berth, office, spot, billet, place, situation - (a job in an organization; 'he occupied a post in the treasury') WN noun 'service': 5. (107) service - (employment in or work for another; 'he retired after 30 years of service') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InterAgentSituation-TwoAgent, :ValuableThing, :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmployeeHiring ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmployer ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmployee ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonWithOccupation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :PaidTask ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Employment ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Occupation ] . :JockStrap :wnsense "athletic supporter1n", "jock2n", "jockstrap1n" ; :wordnet "athletic supporter", "jock", "jockstrap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jockstrap' in WordNet: 1. athletic supporter, supporter, suspensor, jockstrap, jock - (a support for the genitals worn by men engaging in strenuous exercise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtectiveClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Penis ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Jockey :guid "be01e32b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jockey1n" ; :wordnet "jockey" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Jockey'' is a ''HorsebackRider'' who rides a Horse ina HorseRace.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jockey' in WordNet: 1. (1) jockey - (someone employed to ride horses in horse races) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, :HorsebackRider, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :RidingaRaceHorse ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :RidingaRaceHorse ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaceHorse ; owl:onProperty :controlsManually ] . :Jogging :en "jogging", "trotting" ; :isFasterThan :Walking ; :wnsense "jog4v", "trot1v" ; :wordnet "jog", "trot" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A relaxed, relatively slow (not vigorous) manner of ''Running''. Usually done for exercise. Done by people. For horses trotting, use ''Trotting''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trot' in WordNet: 1. (10) trot, jog, clip - (run at a moderately swift pace) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gait, :Running, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :JohnFitzgeraldKennedy :died :Date19631122 ; :en "JFK", "Kennedy" ; :hasMassInGrams "80000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :wasKilledInEvent :MurderOfJFK ; a :DeadPerson, :MalePerson, :Victim . :JohnLennon :died :Date19801208 ; :hasMassInGrams "60000"^^xsd:float ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Famous ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isKnowledgeableAbout :Music ; :isTheAuthorOf :InHisOwnWrite ; a :BritishPerson, :DeadPerson, :MusicalPerformer, :ProfessionalAuthor ; rdfs:comment "John Lennon, the famous Beatle, killed in 1980." . :JoiningAnOrganization :en "fall in with", "get together with", "join an organization", "joining" ; :eng "joining an organization" ; :env "join an organization" ; :guid "c09a7d92-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "join" ; :wnsense "fall in3v", "get together4v", "join1v" ; :wordnet "fall in", "get together", "join" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type is the one to use for the notion of 'joining' an organization, whether a club, a non-profit organization, a commercial organization, or a small impromptu group of people - as long as it has some organizational structure.. Cyc JoiningAnOrganization': A subcollection of #$OrganizationalTransfer. In each instance of #$OrganizationalTransferIn, an agent (an instance of #$IntelligentAgent) gains membership in some organization. Note that the agent may also, but need not, lose membership in some other organization. Instances of #$OrganizationalTransferIn would include hiring someone at a company or admitting a nation to NATO. Note that any event in which an agent leaves one organization to join another would be an instance of both #$OrganizationalTransferIn and #$OrganizationalTransferOut (q.v.). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'join' in WordNet: 1. (76) join, fall in, get together - (become part of; become a member of a group or organization; 'He joined the Communist Party as a young man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdmittingToMembership, :GroupTransferIn, :OrganizationalTransfer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganizationMember ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organization ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :JoiningTogether :wnsense "connect3v", "join5v", "link up1v", "link3v", "unite4v" ; :wordnet "connect", "join", "link", "link up", "unite" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''JoiningTogether'' is an Event in which two or more Objects (Physical or Abstract) become linked in some manner as to form an Object or Group or organization with an identity separate from that of the individual elements.. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'join' in WordNet: 5. (1) connect, link, link up, join, unite - (be or become joined or united or linked; 'The two streets connect to become a highway'; 'Our paths joined'; 'The travelers linked up again at the airport') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :GroupType :Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ] . :Joint :pertainsTo :GroupOfPeople ; :wnsense "joint2adj" ; :wordnet "joint" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'joint' in Wordnet: 2. (1) joint - (affecting or involving two or more; 'joint income-tax return'; 'joint ownership') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Joint-AnimalBodyPart :en "BodyJoint", "body joint" ; :guid "bd58e376-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "joint" ; :wnsense "articulatio1n", "articulation4n", "joint1n" ; :wordnet "articulatio", "articulation", "joint" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Joint-Physical and #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$Joint-AnimalBodyPart is a juncture between the ends or edges of abutting bones of an animal's skeleton. Joints are of several types mechanically (e.g., ball-and-socket, hinged). Many major joints function as hinges, in which the ends of the abutting bones are joined with ligaments and cushioned by cartilege. SUMO: (BodyJoint) BodyJunctions where different parts of the same Skeleton come together. NOTE that this is a subtype of the more general 'Joint-Physical' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'joint' in WordNet: 1. (3) joint, articulation, articulatio - ((anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :Joint-Physical . :Joint-Physical :guid "c0b31f35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "join", "joint" ; :wnsense "articulation2n", "join1n", "joint3n", "joint5n", "junction3n", "juncture3n" ; :wordnet "articulation", "join", "joint", "junction", "juncture" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the CYC definition does not seem to require that the joint be flexible.?? This is the intended COSMO usage, but the subytype ''Seam'' is not necessarily flexible - consider it further. Need a FlexibleJoint subtype to be clear?? \"junction\" CYC; A specialization of #$Connection-Physical. Each instance of #$Joint-Physical is a group consisting of parts of at least two instances of #$PartiallyTangible that are mechanically connected in the manner of a joint. Examples include an elbow, and a hinge joining a door to a frame. While each #$Joint-Physical is an instance of #$PartiallyTangible, and therefore has a determinate spatial boundary, there are many cases in which there are no easily describable boundaries between the parts of joint-connected objects that are parts of the joint, and those which are not. For example, consider a ball and socket joint connecting some hip bone to a femur. The boundaries of this joint are obscure due to the fact that exact boundaries of the socket portion of the hip and the ball of the femur are obscure. In contrast, the spatial boundaries of a joint comprising a detachable hinge, such as those that typically connect a door to frame, are clear. NOTE that the anatomical 'joint' is the subtype Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'joint' in WordNet: 1. articulation, join, joint, juncture, junction - (the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made) 5. joint - (junction by which parts or objects are joined together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connection-Physical, :Junction . :JointWrittenWork :en "co-authored work", "joint written work" ; :enn "co-authored work", "joint written work" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''JointWrittenWork'' is a ''WrittenWork'' created by two or more 'Authors''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coauthors ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Jointly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Sharp ; :wnsense "jointly1adv" ; :wordnet "jointly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Jointly'' is an adverb meaning 'performed together in close cooperation', characterizing Actions performed by two or more people working toward the same goal. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'jointly' in WordNet: 1. (3) jointly - (in collaboration or cooperation; 'this paper was written jointly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Together . :Joke :guid "bfa0d8ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "joke" ; :wnsense "joke1n" ; :wordnet "joke" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc called 'Joke-CW'. this is the abstract content of a joke; for the event of telling a joke, use 'JokeTelling'. Each instance of verbally telling a Joke causes creation of a new instance of Joke, even though the words and content may be identical to previous tellings. The relation between different versions of the same basic joke is not yet (v753) established, but jokes that are essentially the same, but may vary slightly from telling to telling, will fall into a subtype of Joke that has as instances all of the individual Jokes of closely related type (e.g. 'lawyer goes to heaven joke'). Jokes will form a hierarchy by topic, but that hierarchy is not yet (v753) included in COSMO. NOTE that for each recording or reprint of an instance of Joke resulting from a verbal JokeTelling, the Joke (conceptual content) will be the same instance. If a Joke is quoted, the conceptual content will be the same as the original. Cyc: The collection of all #$PropositionalConceptualWorks consisting of a small number of sentences intended primarily to amuse an addressee. Instances of #$Joke-CW often involve wordplay that depends on the identity of the words used in addition to the propositions expressed. Instances of #$Joke-CW can be either monologues, in which the speaker relates an instance of #$Narrative with a humorous ending, or (usually formulaic) dialogues, in which the addressee reponds to the speaker's utterances in a predictable way. Use #$JokeAboutFn to create specializations of #$Joke-CW. (See #$Joke-IBT for actual written or spoken jokes and #$JokeTelling for acts of telling jokes.) Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'joke' in WordNet: 1. (10) joke, gag, laugh, jest, jape - (a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter; 'he told a very funny joke'; 'he knows a million gags'; 'thanks for the laugh'; 'he laughed unpleasantly at his own jest'; 'even a schoolboy's jape is supposed to have some ascertainable point') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropositionalConceptualWork . :Joke-IBT :guid "bf9dee33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$InformationBearingThings whose information content is a #$Joke-CW. A #$Joke-IBT is the #$communicationToken in any act of #$JokeTelling. COSMO note: this would seem to be the document or actual speaking act that physically represents the abstract content of a ''Joke''. Left as a stub until more detail is needed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Joke ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :JokeTelling :en "joking", "tell a joke", "telling a joke" ; :guid "bd58b2db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "joke" ; :wnsense "joke1v" ; :wordnet "joke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the Action of Telling a joke, verbally. Each JokeTelling creates a new instance of Joke, even if the content is very similar to previous instances; see 'Joke' This is for an ''EntertainmentEvent''. For informal 'jesting' use the parent ''Jesting''. Practical jokes are not included in this type. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'joke' in WordNet: 1. (2) joke, jest - (tell a joke; speak humorously; 'He often jokes even when he appears serious') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentEvent, :Jesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Joke ] . :Jolliness :wnsense "gaiety1n", "jolliness1n", "merriment1n", "mirth1n" ; :wordnet "gaiety", "jolliness", "merriment", "mirth" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Jolliness' is the subtype of emotion 'Amusement-Feeling' that is a more intense form of being amused. For the more specific feeling that causes one to laugh, use 'Mirth'. Includes sense 1 of 'jolliness' and sense 1 of 'mirth' and sense 1 of 'merriment' in WordNet: 1. jollity, jolliness, joviality - (feeling jolly and jovial and full of good humor) WN noun 'mirth': 1. hilarity, mirth, mirthfulness, glee, gleefulness - (great merriment) WN noun 'merriment': 1. (2) gaiety, merriment - (a gay feeling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amusement-Feeling . :Jolt :wnsense "jar3n", "jolt1n", "jounce1n" ; :wordnet "jar", "jolt", "jounce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jolt' in WordNet: 1. (1) jolt, jar, jounce - (a sudden impact; 'the door closed with a jolt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :JoltingSomething :wnsense "jar2v", "jolt1v" ; :wordnet "jar", "jolt" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'jolt' in WordNet: 1. (1) jolt, jar - (move or cause to move with a sudden jerky motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnObjectToMove, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Jordan :wnsense "Jordan2n" ; :wordnet "Jordan" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jordan' in Wordnet: 2. Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan - (an Arab kingdom in southwestern Asia on the Red Sea) """ . :JordanRiver :guid "bd58eca3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion, :MiddleEast ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "River of Israel, notable for Biblical reference" . :Jordanian :pertainsTo :Jordan, :JordanianPerson ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Jordanian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Peru'' or a ''JordanianPerson'' or things associated with Jordan or its people or culture. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Jordanian' in Wordnet: 1. Jordanian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Jordan or its people; 'Jordanian archeological sites') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :JordanianPerson :wnsense "Jordanian1n" ; :wordnet "Jordanian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jordanian' in WordNet: 1. Jordanian - (a native or inhabitant of Jordan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jordan ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :JottingDownSomething :wnsense "jot down1v", "jot1v" ; :wordnet "jot", "jot down" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''JottingDownSomething'' is a ''WritingByHand'' that produces a short hand-written note (a ''Jotting''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jot down' in WordNet: 1. jot down, jot - (write briefly or hurriedly; write a short note of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingByHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandwrittenNote ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hurried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Joule :wnsense "joule1n", "watt second1n" ; :wordnet "joule", "watt second" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI energy measure. Symbol: J. It is the work done when the point of application of 1 Newton is displaced a distance of 1 Meter in the direction of the force. Joule = N*m = m^2*kg*s^(-2). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'joule' in Wordnet: 1. (5) joule, J, watt second - (a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Journal :wnsense "journal2n" ; :wordnet "journal" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Journal'' is the Group of Abstract SymbolicObjects that are represented by the full series of physical issues of 'Journal-Physical' from its first publication to the present (thus this series may have more content at later times, while the journal is still publishing). This is the abstract content of those ''Journal-Physical''s. This is not the organization that publishes the Journal. The organization can be of any type, but most commonly this refers to scientific societies or publishers that publish research (scientific or literary). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'journal' in WordNet: 2. (1) journal - (a periodical dedicated to a particular subject; \"he reads the medical journals\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :PeriodicalSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Journal-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scholarly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Journal-Abstract :wnsense "journal2n" ; :wordnet "journal" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Journal-Abstract'' is one element of a series of periodical issues of a ''Journal''. Each ''Journal-Abstract'' contains one or more ''JournalArticle''s which are scholarly dicusions of some topic. WN 'journal' is ambiguous between an idividual issue and the abstract series. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'journal' in WordNet: 2. (1) journal - (a periodical dedicated to a particular subject; \"he reads the medical journals\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicalIssue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Journal-Physical ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scholarly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Journal-Physical :wnsense "journal2n" ; :wordnet "journal" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Journal-Physical'' is an instance of a physical, printed 'journal'.- , the physical object, not the informational content. A ''Journal'' is he series of ''Journal-Physical''s that publish factual information. Each ''Journal'' focuses on some specific specialized topic, and includes articles that review some topic or present the results of research on some topic. WN 'journal' is ambiguous between an idividual issue and the abstract series. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'journal' in WordNet: 2. (1) journal - (a periodical dedicated to a particular subject; 'he reads the medical journals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicalCopy, :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Journal-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :JournalArticle :en "journal article" ; :guid "ecaed52a-c6a6-41d7-8a31-ed03ff43169e" ; :wnsense "paper4n" ; :wordnet "paper" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Article-PCW which are published in an instance of #$JournalIssue. This is the abstract article. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paper' in WordNet: 4. (5) paper - (a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses; 'he has written many scientific papers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScholarlyArticle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Journal-Abstract ] . :Journalism :wnsense "journalism2n" ; :wordnet "journalism" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Journalism'' is the ''Occupation'' of a professional ''Journalist'' who performs ''ReportingNews'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'journalism' in WordNet: 2. journalism - (the profession of reporting or photographing or editing news stories for one of the media) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occupation, :Profession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Journalist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Journalist ; owl:onProperty :isTheOccupationOfA ] . :Journalist :en "news reporter" ; :guid "bd58feca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "journalist1n", "newsman1n", "newsperson1n", "reporter1n" ; :wordnet "journalist", "newsman", "newsperson", "reporter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of persons who write for periodicals. These days this includes online writing as in blogs. SUMO: The Profession of being a news reporter, i.e. investigating and reporting, in a publication or broadcast program, current events. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'journalist' in WordNet, including radio television and Web-based professional news reporters.(noun sense 1 of 'reporter' in WN): in WordNet: 1. (4) journalist - (a writer for newspapers and magazines) WN noun 'reporter': 1. (10) reporter, newsman, newsperson - (a person who investigates and reports or edits news stories) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :MediaProfessional, :Person, :Professional-Adult, :Writer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReportingNews ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReportingNews ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Journalism ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Journalistic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Journalist ; :pertainsTo :Journalism, :Journalist ; :wnsense "journalistic1adj" ; :wordnet "journalistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'journalistic' in Wordnet: 1. journalistic - (of or relating to or having the characteristics of journalism; 'journalistic writing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Joy :isanIntensiveFormOf :Delight ; :ldoce "joy" ; :wnsense "joy1n", "joyfulness1n", "joyousness1n" ; :wordnet "joy", "joyfulness", "joyousness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pleasant EmotionalState, being an intense form of Happiness, more intense than 'Delight', and lasting longer than a few minutes, and directed at some specific cause. This is the current (rev907) most intense form of 'Happiness'. @ToDo: perhaps 'ecstasy' is more intense? The 'isDirectedToward' relation can point to the cause of the Joy. NOTE: this is a subEvent of 'recoice' which is separate in WN. Unclear how 'joy' is used as a transitive verb?? Perhaps this should be undirected - can 'Joy' not have a recognizable cause? Corresponds to sense 1 of 'joy' in WordNet: 1. joy, joyousness, joyfulness - (the emotion of great happiness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delight, :DirectedFeeling, :Happiness . :Joyful :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Joy ; :wnsense "delighted1adj", "joyful2adj", "jubilant2adj" ; :wordnet "delighted", "joyful", "jubilant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Joy. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'joyful' and sense 1 of 'delighted' in WordNet: 2. elated, gleeful, joyful, jubilant - (full of high-spirited delight; 'a joyful heart') WN adj 'delighted': 1. (3) delighted - (greatly pleased) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delighted . :Judaism :hasBeliever :Jews ; :hasTopic :ThereIsOnlyOneGod ; :wnsense "Judaism2n" ; :wordnet "Judaism" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Judaism' in Wordnet: 2. Judaism - (the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud) """ . :Judge :guid "bd58baf2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "judge1n", "jurist2n", "justice3n", "magistrate1n" ; :wordnet "judge", "jurist", "justice", "magistrate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A judge in a governmental legal system. People who judge competitions or conflicts are elements of #$JudicialAgent, but are not elements of #$Judge. SUMO: An Attorney who has the power of deciding legal cases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'judge' in WordNet: 1. (6) judge, justice, jurist, magistrate - (a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JudicialAgent, :Lawyer, :LegalProfessional, :PublicOfficial . :Judging :causes :Believing ; :eng "judging" ; :ldoce "judge" ; :wnsense "judge1v", "judge2v", "judge5v", "judgment4n", "pass judgment1v" ; :wordnet "judge", "judgment", "pass judgment" ; a :GroupThoughtType, :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Judging is a mental event in which some consideration of evidence and weighing of alternatives is involved. It is not as specific as a Deciding, in that Deciding implies that some future course of action is being considered, whereas the more general Judging may have no consequence other than an evaluation of some situation for one's own internal appreciation or information. An esthetic appreciation can be a Judging without any Deciding on what the results of that Judging should entail. The kind of ''Judging'' done by the Judge of a court is the subtype ''JudicialDecision''. NOTE that although every 'Judgment' (which see) is caused by some act of Judging, it is not necessarily true that an act of Judging will result in a Judgment - the available facts may be inconclusive in the opinion of the judging person. Therefore there is a 'causes' relation specified between Judging and Belief, but it is between types and therefore does not require existence of an instance of Belief produced by the Judging. Corresponds to verb senses 1, 2 and 5 of 'judge' and noun senses 2 and 4 of 'judgment' (the legal sense 5 could be a subtype): in WordNet: WN verb 'judge': 1. (11) judge - (determine the result of (a competition)) 2. (8) evaluate, pass judgment, judge - (form a critical opinion of; 'I cannot judge some works of modern art'; 'How do you evaluate this grant proposal?' 'We shouldn't pass judgment on other people') 5. judge, adjudicate, try - (put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of; 'The football star was tried for the murder of his wife'; 'The judge tried both father and son in separate trials') WN noun 'judgment': 2. (11) judgment, judgement, assessment - (the act of judging or assessing a person or situation or event; 'they criticized my judgment of the contestants') 4. (3) judgment, judgement, judging - (the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Considering, :Thinking . :JudgingaSportsEvent :wnsense "judge1v" ; :wordnet "judge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''JudgingaSportsEvent'' is an of several types of ''Judging'' in which some kind of ''SportsJudge'' uses past experience and observation to decide some question about actions in a SportsEvent, such as grading the performance of a contestant in a competition where actions can be rated on a numerical scale, or deciding whether some player has violate a rule and may become liable to a penalty or make the team liable to a penalty, or whether a ball is in or out of bounds, and other such events requiring judgment by an unbiased judge according to some rules. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'judge' in WordNet: 1. (11) judge - (determine the result of (a competition)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Judging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SportsJudge ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Judgment :ldoce "judgment" ; :wnsense "judgement2n", "judgment1n", "mind3n" ; :wordnet "judgement", "judgment", "mind" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Judgment is a Belief that is based on some degree of consideration of evidence and weighing alternatives. A pure act of faith is not a Judgment. WordNet synset (judgment, judgement, mind) is defined 'an opinion formed by judging something'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'judgment' in WordNet: WN 'judgment' noun: 1. (19) judgment, judgement, mind - (an opinion formed by judging something; 'he was reluctant to make his judgment known'; 'she changed her mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :PersonType :FictionalCharacter :GroupType :Group ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Judging ] . :JudgmentDay :wnsense "Day of Judgement1n", "Day of Judgment1n", "Doomsday1n", "Judgement Day1n", "Judgment Day1n", "Last Day1n", "Last Judgement1n", "Last Judgment1n", "crack of doom1n", "day of reckoning1n", "doomsday1n" ; :wordnet "Day of Judgement", "Day of Judgment", "Doomsday", "Judgement Day", "Judgment Day", "Last Day", "Last Judgement", "Last Judgment", "crack of doom", "day of reckoning", "doomsday" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''JudgmentDay'' is the ''EndOfheWorld'' scenario postulated in some religions when people are judged by God to determine how they spend eternity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Judgment Day' in WordNet: 1. Judgment Day, Judgement Day, Day of Judgment, Day of Judgement, Doomsday, Last Judgment, Last Judgement, Last Day, day of reckoning, doomsday, crack of doom, end of the world - ((New Testament) day of the Last Judgment when God will decree the fates of all men according to the good and evil of their earthly lives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndOfheWorld, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judging ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Judicial :pertainsTo :Court-Judicial, :CourtCase, :Judge, :JudicialAgent, :JudicialDecision, :JudicialOrganization ; :wnsense "judicial1adj", "judicial2adj" ; :wordnet "judicial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of things asociated with ''Judge''s, courts of law or legal proceedings. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'judicial' in WordNet: 1. (1) judicial - (decreed by or proceeding from a court of justice; 'a judicial decision') 2. judicial - (belonging or appropriate to the office of a judge; 'judicial robes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :JudicialAgent :guid "bd5e8ec0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$LegalAgent. Each instance of #$JudicialAgent is a person or organization whose responsibility it is to judge or evaluate. Instances of #$JudicialAgent include officials at sporting events (see the collection #$SportsOfficial), judges of various competitions, as well as judges in the legal sense (see the collection #$Judge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, :SocialBeing . :JudicialDecision :wnsense "judgementn", "judgment3n", "judicial decision1n" ; :wordnet "judgement", "judgment", "judicial decision" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''JudicialDecision'' is the ''Deciding'' (an Action) done by an official ''Judge'' in a court of law. In the case of a CriminalTrial, a jury may render a verdict, but the presiding Judge renders the ''JudicialDecison'' (judgment). The ''JudicialDecison'' is usually the same as that of the jury (the verdict), but not necessarily so ('judgment NOV'). @ToDO: the Judge usually considers Evidence and legal arguments. Add that in??? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'judgment' in WordNet: 3. (4) judgment, judgement, judicial decision - ((law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deciding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judge ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reasoning ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalDecision ] . :JudicialOrder a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'JudicialOrder' is the AbstractText representing a legally binding 'CommandPhrase' issued by a judge (or formally, the court). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommandPhrase, :TextualPCW, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :JudicialDecision ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judicial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :JudicialOrganization :en "judicial organization" ; :enn "judicial organization" ; :guid "bfeafb3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Organizations that adjudicate or are otherwise engaged in finding facts or law that are the subject of dispute or in deciding among competing interests in some kind of organized forum. The #$UnitedStatesSupremeCourt is an instance of #$JudicialOrganization, as is a tribal council and the disciplinary arm of a local bar association. SUMO: JudicialOrganization is the class of Organizations whose primary purpose is to render judgments according to the statutes or regulations of a government or other organization. Judicial bodies are not necessarily government organizations, for example, those associated with sporting associations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :JudicialSystem :guid "bedf47da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "judicatory1n", "judicature2n", "judicial system1n", "judiciary2n" ; :wordnet "judicatory", "judicature", "judicial system", "judiciary" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'judicial system' in WordNet: 1. judiciary, judicature, judicatory, judicial system - (the system of law courts that administer justice and constitute the judicial branch of government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalGovernmentOrganization . :Judicious :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :GoodJudgment ; :ldoce "wise" ; :wnsense "judicious1adj", "wise2adj" ; :wordnet "judicious", "wise" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is the attribute of a WiseAct that characterizes it as Wise, exhibiting Wisdom (which includes ''GoodJudgment''). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'judicious' and sense 2 of 'wise' in WordNet, pertaining to Actions: in Wordnet: 2. (2) judicious, wise, heady - (marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters; 'judicious use of one's money'; 'a wise decision') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventAttributeValue, :Good . :JudoActivity :en "judo action" ; :guid "bfe4773f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all activities consisting of a #$Person practicing, performing, or using judo, a Japanese system of unarmed combat, now primarily a sport. See also #$JudoSportsEvent. This is any ''Activity'' that prototypically occurs in a 'JudoEvent'', including the whole Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MartialArtsActivity-Asian . :JudoEvent :guid "bd58f6b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "judo1n" ; :wordnet "judo" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Judo matches for sport. In CYC 'JudoSportsEvent'. NOTE: this WN synset is interpreted as an actual Judo match. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'judo' in WordNet: 1. judo - (a sport adapted from jujitsu (using principles of not resisting) and similar to wrestling; developed in Japan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndividualSportsCompetition, :JudoActivity, :MartialArtsSportsEvent . :Jug :wnsense "jug1n" ; :wordnet "jug" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Jug' is a 'ContainerArtifact' that can be picked up by a Handle near the top in the shape of a loop (a 'LoopedHandle'). It is designed to hold liquids. WordNet does not require a handle, but RHW does: RHW 'jug': a large container usually made of earthenware, metal, or glass, commonly having a handle, a narrow neck, and sometimes a cap or cork. The Restriction 'isdesignedToContain' allows one to specify a specific type of liquid that the Jug is intended to hold (e.g. Wine). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jug' in Wordnet: 1. (1) jug - (a large bottle with a narrow mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bottle, :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoopedHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :JugOfWaterPC1 :hasMassInGrams "2000"^^xsd:float ; :hasPhysicalPart :GallonJugPC1, :GallonOfWaterPC1 ; a :ContainerAndContents ; rdfs:comment """A glass GallonJug holding a gallon of tap water (and nothing else significant)located in the basement of PC's house in Plainfield NJ. Added as an example of 'ContainerAndContents' and a test of the ontology structure.""" . :Juggling :guid "bd89ff9d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "juggle2n", "juggle4v", "juggling2n" ; :wordnet "juggle", "juggling" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events of keeping three or more objects in the air by repeatedly catching and throwing them. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'juggling' in WordNet: 2. juggle, juggling - (throwing and catching several objects simultaneously) WN verb 'juggle': 4. juggle - (throw, catch, and keep in the air several things simultaneously) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoordinatedBodyMovement, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CatchingWithHands ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tossing ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Juice :hasComponentSubstance :OrganicSubstance ; :ldoce "juice" ; :wnsense "juice1n" ; :wordnet "juice" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any liquid substance derived from a living organism other than by excretion. This is more general than the more common and specialized sense of 'juice' restricted to liquids derived from plants, especially from fruit. For the more restricted sense, use 'PlantJuice'. This sense excludes blood, sweat, vomit, spit, and urine, but the subtype 'Succus'' includes digestive juices and some other organism fluids (so as to include sense 4 of WordNet). In order to be a 'Juice' it must have some significant organic component to distinguish it as arising from an organism. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 4 of 'juice' in WordNet: 1. (2) juice - (the liquid part that can be extracted from plant or animal tissue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beverage, :LiquidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :OrganismType ) ] ] . :Juicy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Juice ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dry ; :wnsense "juicy1adj" ; :wordnet "juicy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Juicy'' is an attribute of mostly solid objects that have a significant component substance that is a ''Juice'' - a biologically derived liquid. If it is wet enough to flow,it is not solid enough to be ''Juicy''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'juicy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) juicy - (full of juice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moist . :Jukebox :guid "bf570aa4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jukebox1n", "nickelodeon1n" ; :wordnet "jukebox", "nickelodeon" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all jukeboxes. A #$Jukebox is a coin-operated CD- or record-playing machine, usually found in restaurants or bars. This is broader than the traditional self-contained record-playing jukeboxes, and includes playing CDs, and includes distributed devices where the coin slot and selector are in a small box (e.g.on a diner counter) but the records and reader are connected electronically, with the music played over speakers that can be anywhere. Includes but is broader than (also CDs) noun sense 1 of 'jukebox' in WordNet: 1. (1) jukebox, nickelodeon - (a cabinet containing an automatic record player; records are played by inserting a coin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudioSystem, :ManufacturedGoods, :MediaPlayingDevice, :PoweredDevice, :StorageEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :JulennedVegetable :wnsense "julienne vegetable1n", "julienne1n" ; :wordnet "julienne", "julienne vegetable" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''JulennedVegetable'' is a ''Vegetable-Food'' prepared from any solid Vegetable by the process of ''Julienning''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'julienne' in WordNet: 1. julienne, julienne vegetable - (a vegetable cut into thin strips (usually used as a garnish)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VegetableFoodObject ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Julienning ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :JulianLopezEscobar :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; a :Matador ; rdfs:comment """Julian Lopez Escobar is a famous Spanish ''Matador'' born in 1982. """ . :Julienning :eng "julienning" ; :wnsense "julienne1v" ; :wordnet "julienne" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Julienning'' is the Action in which a person or machine slices a ''FoodObject''into thin strips. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'julienne' in WordNet: 1. julienne - (cut into long thin strips; 'julienne the potatoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingInPieces, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JulennedVegetable ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :July :wnsense "July1n" ; :wordnet "July" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are July. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'July' in WordNet: 1. (14) July - (the month following June and preceding August) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Jumper :CYC "PlaySuit" ; :en "playsuit" ; :guid "bd589458-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jumper3n" ; :wordnet "jumper" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'PlaySuit': The typical jumper-style playsuit worn by infants. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'jumper' in Wordnet: 3. jumper - (a coverall worn by children) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildrensClothing, :ClothingItem, :Coverall, :DurableGood . :Jumperoo :en "jumperoo" ; :enn "jumperoo" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Jumperoo''is a specialized kind of ''Chair'' designed for supporting and restraining very young children, having a low framework no more than three feet high, within which there is a spring-supported flexible seat in which a child can sit and bounce. Different versions have various attached or associated devices that can entertain a child while seated there. Online definition: The Jumperoo is a safe and comfortable place for children to sit and play, Promotes Comfort and Security, whether the baby stays for just a moment or for several minutes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frame ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ] . :Jumping :guid "bd58ce81-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "jump" ; :wnsense "jump1v", "jump6n", "jump8v", "jumping2n", "leap3v" ; :wordnet "jump", "jumping", "leap" ; a :AnimalMotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any kind of body movement that involves both feet off the ground at one time other than running forward. Subtypes include a movement forward by jumping (''Leaping'') and acrobatic maneuvers like ''Tumbling''. NOTE: this type in itself should be used to represent a single 'jump' that does not move forward, though the subtype ''Leaping'' includes the forward motion. The WN synsets do not seem to make the distinction, so the verb synset 'jump, leap, bound, spring ' is included, but only to include the verb 'jump' as one of the labels. \" When he says 'jump' just ask 'how high?' \" CYC: The collection of #$MovementProcesses in which an #$Animal agent springs vertically or horizontally into the air by rapidly extending its legs. Distinct from #$FallingProcesses. SUMO: Any MotionUpward which is done by one's body and which results in a situation where one's feet are unsupported. A Jumping may be one part of a locomotion process of moving forward, as with grasshoppers or kangaroos, or may be a single leap.perhaps landing in the same place. Corresponds to noun sense 6 and part of verb sense 1 of 'jump' in WordNet: WN noun 'jump': 6. jump, jumping - (the act of jumping; propelling yourself off the ground; 'he advanced in a series of jumps'; 'the jumping was unexpected') WN verb 'jump': 1. (19) jump, leap, bound, spring - (move forward by leaps and bounds; 'The horse bounded across the meadow'; 'The child leapt across the puddle'; 'Can you jump over the fence?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingAForce, :LocomotionProcess-Animal, :UnitUpAndDownMotion, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, :WholeBodyMovement . :JumpingDown :ldoce "jump" ; :wnsense "jump off2v", "jump8v", "leap3v" ; :wordnet "jump", "jump off", "leap" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'JumpingDown' is the intentional Action in which some Animal makes a 'jump' off the edge of a platform to some place lower beyond the edge. This can be a very small drop, as in jumping from a raft into the supporting water, or can be a very long drop, as from a cliff or an airplane. NOTE: this includes ''Parachuting'' as a subtype, so it is not necessarily an uncontrolled jumping action. Corresponds to verb sense 8 of 'jump' in WordNet: 8. jump, leap, jump off - (jump down from an elevated point; 'the parachutist didn't want to jump'; 'every year, hundreds of people jump off the Golden Gate bridge'; 'the widow leapt into the funeral pyre') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Jumping, :MotionDownward . :JumpingJack :en "jumping-jack" ; :wnsense "jumping jack1n" ; :wordnet "jumping jack" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jumping jack' in Wordnet: 1. jumping jack - (plaything consisting of a toy figure with movable joints that can be made to dance by pulling strings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, :Toy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :JumpingOverSomething :en "leap over" ; :env "leap over" ; :wnsense "overleap2v", "vault1v" ; :wordnet "overleap", "vault" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''JumpingOverSomething'' is a ''Leaping'' Action in which some animal moves upward and forward simultaneously so as to avoid stepping on or being blocked by the Object over which they jump (''hasThingPassed''). This can also be used for a 'vaulting' sport action, with or without a pole, and for leaping over hurdles, by a Person or Horse or other animal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overleap' in WordNet: 1. vault, overleap - (jump across or leap over (an obstacle)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leaping, :PassingThroughOrBySomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingPassed ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :Junction :wnsense "conjunction6n", "junction1n", "junction4n" ; :wordnet "conjunction", "junction" ; a :ObjectType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Junction'' is any generic ''Place' (Object or Region) where two or more things of any type - (an Object, a Region, a time interval, a MentalObject) - 'come together' in a physical or abstract or metaphorical manner. This includes things like railroad junctions, junctions of electronic components, and junctions of time periods, among others. For places or objects small enough to be viewed as an 'intersection' use subtype ''GeericIntersection'' or one of its subtypes. Corresponds approximately (with different parent types) to both noun senses 1 and4 of 'junction' in WordNet: 1. (1) junction - (the place where two or more things come together) 4. junction, conjunction - (something that joins or connects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :connects ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :JunctionOfPaths :guid "c0fbbdc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ArrangementOfLikeObjects. Each instance of #$JunctionOfPaths is an arrangement of three or more instances of #$Path-Customary that are all locally connected to each other. Instances of #$JunctionOfPaths include arrangements of two or more paths that 'cross' at a junction (because four path segments are thereby joined), but not arrangements in which the end of one path simply joins the end of another path, and no others. Specializations of #$JunctionOfPaths include #$Intersection-Street, #$JunctionOfPipes, and #$RailwayCrossing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArrangementOfLikeObjects . :JunctionOfPipes :guid "bf53bf8d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$JunctionOfPaths. Each instance of #$JunctionOfPipes is an arrangement of three or more non-overlapping lengths of pipe (i.e., instances of #$Pipe-GenericConduit (q.v.)) joined at their ends. Specializations of #$JunctionOfPipes include #$BronchialJunction and #$TracheobronchialJunction.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :JunctionOfPaths . :June :wnsense "June1n" ; :wordnet "June" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are June. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'June' in Wordnet: 1. (26) June - (the month following May and preceding July) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Jungle :wnsense "jungle1n", "rain forest1n", "rainforest1n" ; :wordnet "jungle", "rain forest", "rainforest" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Jungle'' is a dense tropical ''Forest'' with lots of rain generating thick growth, RHW 'jungle': approx = 'rain forest' 1. a wild land overgrown with dense vegetation, often nearly impenetrable, esp. tropical vegetation or a tropical rain forest. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jungle' in WordNet: 1. (3) jungle - (an impenetrable equatorial forest) WN noun 'rain forest': 1. (1) rain forest, rainforest - (a forest with heavy annual rainfall) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tropical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Humid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :JungleGym :wnsense "jungle gym1n" ; :wordnet "jungle gym" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'JungleGym' is a device made from a number of horizontal and vertical bars, usually metal, on which children can climb for entertainment. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swing' in WordNet: 1. jungle gym - (a structure of vertical and horizontal rods where children can climb and play) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentDevice, :Framework, :PlaygroundObject, :Structure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Climbing-Recreational ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rod ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Junior :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Senior ; :wnsense "junior1adj" ; :wordnet "junior" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Junior'' is a ''ComparativeAttributeValue'' that attributes to some Person a lower rank or status than some other person(s) due to a shorter time that the Person occupied a position. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'junior' in WordNet: 1. (3) junior - (younger; lower in rank; shorter in length of tenure or service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue, :Younger . :Junior-Suffix :wnsense "Jr1n", "Junior4n" ; :wordnet "Jr", "Junior" ; a :FormOfAddress ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'Junior' in WordNet: 4. Junior, Jr, Jnr - (a son who has the same first name as his father) """ . :JuniorCollege :wnsense "junior college1n" ; :wordnet "junior college" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of PostSecondarySchools that offer an associate's degree and do not offer a bachelor's degree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'junior college' in WordNet: 1. junior college - (a college that offers only the first two years terminating in an associate degree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution . :JuniorStudent :wnsense "junior1n", "junior2adj" ; :wordnet "junior" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''JuniorStudent'' is a ''FourYearStudent'' is a third-year Student at a ''FourYearSchool'' where students typically study for four years such as 'High School or 'College' (as distinct from 'Junior College' that has a curriculum lasting two years) Such students are divided chronologically into the year that they are currently pursuing as 'freshman', 'sophomore' 'junior' and 'senior'. This type includes the adjective sense of 'junior' as a compounding noun modifying activities characteristic of ''JuniorStudent''s. in Wordnet: WN adj 'junior: 2. (2) junior, third-year, next-to-last - (used of the third or next to final year in United States high school or college; 'the junior class'; 'a third-year student') WN Corresponds to WN noun sense 1 of 'junior' 2. (2) junior - (a third-year undergraduate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FourYearStudent . :JunkFood :wnsense "junk food1n" ; :wordnet "junk food" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''JunkFood'' is an edible substance (solid or liquid) that is typicall prepeared and ready to eat, that has more calories and/or fats than are considered conducive to optimal health, and less of important nutrients. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'junk food' in WordNet: 1. junk food - (food that tastes good but is high in calories having little nutritional value) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food . :Jupiter :hasMassInGrams "1.8986E30"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "Jupiter1n" ; :wordnet "Jupiter" ; a :NonEarthSolarPlanet ; rdfs:comment """A SolarPlanet beyond the Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Jupiter' in Wordnet: 1. (7) Jupiter - (the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky) """ . :Jurisdiction :FIBO "jurisdiction" ; :wnsense "jurisdiction2" ; :wordnet "jurisdiction" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'GeopoliticalEntity' within which certain governmental authorities has jurisdiction, i.e. can make and enforce laws. This includes legal jurisdictions for courts. SKOS def: 'the limits or territory within which authority may be exercised; the power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law' NOTE: physical space region is disjiont from agent; some relations on 'Jurisdiction' have it implied as agent, therefore cannot be a 'GeographicalRegion' as of rev 1043 It is unclear whether a 'jurisdiction' range must be colocated with the limits of a 'GeopoliticalEntity', so the location may be **within** a 'GeopoliticalEntity'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'jurisdiction' in Wordnet: 2. (1) jurisdiction - (in law; the territory within which power can be exercised) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity . :Jurisdiction-Authority :wnsense "jurisdiction1n", "legal power1n" ; :wordnet "jurisdiction", "legal power" ; a :CapabilityType, :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Jurisdiction-Authority'' is the power of some governmental or quasi-governmental authority to create and/or enforce rules in some ''GeographicalArea''. This includes judicial as well as legislative jurisdictions. Includes but is broader than (includes countries or other governmental agents) noun sense 1 of 'jurisdiction' in WordNet: 1. (4) legal power, jurisdiction - ((law) the right and power to interpret and apply the law; 'courts having jurisdiction in this district') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAuthority, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RuleMakingRight ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ] . :Jurisprudence :wnsense "jurisprudence1n", "jurisprudence2n", "law2n", "law7n", "legal philosophy1n" ; :wordnet "jurisprudence", "law", "legal philosophy" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Jurisprudence'' is the FieldOfStudy that concerns itself with ''Law''s, and the enforcement of laws through the courts. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'jurisprudence' in WordNet: 1. (2) jurisprudence, law, legal philosophy - (the branch of philosophy concerned with the law and the principles that lead courts to make the decisions they do) 2. (2) law, jurisprudence - (the collection of rules imposed by authority; 'civilization presupposes respect for the law'; 'the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawAsAnOccupation ; owl:onProperty :isTheFieldOfProfession ] . :Jurist :wnsense "jurist1n", "legal expert1n" ; :wordnet "jurist", "legal expert" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jurist' in WordNet: 1. (1) jurist, legal expert - (a legal scholar versed in civil law or the law of nations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jurisprudence ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Juror :wnsense "juror1n", "juryman1n", "jurywoman1n" ; :wordnet "juror", "juryman", "jurywoman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A member of any kind of ''Jury''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'juror' in WordNet: 1. (2) juror, juryman, jurywoman - (someone who serves (or waits to be called to serve) on a jury) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Jury ] . :Jury :guid "90540cb0-80c3-41d7-8de0-d8465aeaf86e" ; :wnsense "jury1n" ; :wordnet "jury" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO a Jury is a GroupOfPeople, not an Organization. Cyc: The collection of all groups of people formed to judge and give a decision on some matter, often a civil or criminal case, indictment, or impeachment. A jury is normally sworn to render a fair judgement. A #$GrandJury judges an indictment, while a #$Jury-Petit judges a civil or criminal case. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'jury' in WordNet: 1. (21) jury - (a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :JuryPanel :wnsense "panel3n", "venire1n" ; :wordnet "panel", "venire" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''JuryPanel'' is a ''PanelistGroup'' from whom the ''Juror''s are selected for some legal proceeding. The members are 'potential jurors' or 'future jurors' or 'candidate jurors' but thoe are not yet represented. So this asserts that some are 'jurors', in anticipation of the actual selection. These are participants in the 'voir dire' for Jury selection. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PanelistGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ; owl:someValuesFrom :Juror ] . :Just :isTheOppositeOf :Unjust ; :ldoce "fair", "just" ; :wnsense "fair1adj", "just3adj" ; :wordnet "fair", "just" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute of decisions or other actions of a judgmental nature, characterizing the judgments as being balanced, free from bias and satisfying the requirements of justice. This includes the meaning 'equitable' as in proper distribution of benefits among a group, but that sense is also represented more specifically as the subtype 'Equitable'. A state that is 'Just' is represented by the term 'Justice'. For the sense of 'just' describing a Person's moral character or habits, use 'Upright'. For prices that are 'just' or 'fair' or 'reasonable' use 'NotExcessive'. This corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'just' and sense 1 of 'fair' in WordNet: 1. (10) fair, just - (free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; or conforming with established standards or rules; 'a fair referee'; 'fair deal'; 'on a fair footing'; 'a fair fight'; 'by fair means or foul') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Good . :Justice :ldoce "justice" ; :wnsense "justice1n", "justness2n" ; :wordnet "justice", "justness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A persistent state that is 'Just' (see COSMO 'Just'); a state in which one or more persons all have been treated fairly, according to some accepted code of morality. What is considered as 'just' or 'justice' will vary from society to society and often vary with individual beliefs as well. This is the state that is achieved when one achieves or attains justice; when a person 'wants justice' it is this state that is desired. To say that 'a cause is just' means that the state desired by the proponents of that cause is an instance of this sense of 'Justice'. This is what is intended when one wants to 'seek justice' - to seek a *state* of 'justice', which is a *state* that is 'just'. This is not the legal process of attaining justice, but a state that is fair to the parties in question, whether arrived at by social process or individual actions. In COSMO, the Attribute value of being just is termed 'Just'. This sense is closest to sense 4 of 'justice' in RHW: 4. conformity to this principle, as manifested in conduct; just conduct, dealing, or treatment. NOTE: no WN sense precisely captures this, though the 'quality' can be interpreted as the 'quality of a ''PersistentState'', so WN sense 1 of 'justice' is considered closest to this type. in WordNet: 1. (16) justice, justness - (the quality of being just or fair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Just ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Justification :ldoce "because", "reason" ; :wnsense "ground2n", "justification1n", "justification2n", "reason1n" ; :wordnet "ground", "justification", "reason" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A Conclusion that is created by a Reasoning Event, and asserts a Belief based on premises and a Justifying (reasoning) Event. The Belief may have the content that a particular Action is desirable. For a ''Justification'' that is a Motive for action, use subtype ''RationaleForAction. This includes sense 1 of 'reason' in WordNet, but is broader, also including Justification for beliefs that do not impel to action: in WordNet: 1. (3) justification - (something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary; 'he considered misrule a justification for revolution') 2. (2) justification - (a statement in explanation of some action or belief) WN noun 'reason': 1. (78) reason, ground - (a rational motive for a belief or action; 'the reason that war was declared'; 'the grounds for their declaration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Argument, :Conclusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :supportsProposition ; owl:someValuesFrom :Belief ] . :Justified :ened "justified" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Justifying ; :wnsense "justifiable1adj" ; :wordnet "justifiable" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Justified'' is the attribute of some Action that was or can be explained as being reasonable by some ''Justifying'' Action. This is difficult to distingsuish from 'justifiable' and those terms are repreented here as snonyms. No WN sense of 'justified': justified is in WN only for text formatting. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'justifiable' in Wordnet: 1. justifiable - (capable of being justified) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Justifying :en "justifying" ; :wnsense "justification3n", "justify1v", "justify2v", "justify3v", "vindicate1v", "warrant1v" ; :wordnet "justification", "justify", "vindicate", "warrant" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Reasoning Event in which an IntelligentAgent explicitly creates a series of one or more assertions that lead from premises to a Justification (a type of Conclusion), the Justification being a motivation to believe something or to take a certain action. See also the subtype 'Rationalizing' which tends to be more defensive. Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 3 of 'justify' and noun sense 3 of 'justification' in @: 1. (17) justify, warrant - (show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for; 'The emergency does not warrant all of us buying guns'; 'The end justifies the means') 2. (9) justify, vindicate - (show to be right by providing justification or proof; 'vindicate a claim') WN noun 'justification': 3. justification - (the act of defending or explaining or making excuses for by reasoning; 'the justification of barbarous means by holy ends'- H.J.Muller) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Justification ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Justified ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Justly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Just ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unfairly ; :wnsense "justly1adv", "right9adv" ; :wordnet "justly", "right" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'justly' in Wordnet: 2. (1) justly, right - (in accordance with moral or social standards; 'that serves him right'; 'do right by him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Juvenile :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :pertainsTo :HumanYouth ; :wnsense "juvenile1adj" ; :wordnet "juvenile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Juvenile'' is more specific than ''Young'', referring to people and pertaining to people under 16 years of age. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'juvenile' in Wordnet: 1. (1) juvenile - (of or relating to or characteristic of or appropriate for children or young people; 'juvenile diabetes'; 'juvenile fashions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :Young . :JuvenileAnimal :guid "c10c20a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "young" ; :wnsense "young1n" ; :wordnet "young" ; a :LifeStageType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type is interpreted as being an immature animal that is still dependent on its parent(s) for nurturing or support. CYC: An instance of #$AnimalTypeByMaturity (q.v.) and a specialization of #$Animal. #$JuvenileAnimal is the collection of all animals that are not fully grown or fully mature. Cf. #$AdultAnimal. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'young' in WordNet: 1. (7) young, offspring - (any immature animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Young ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :JuvenilePerson :wnsense "juvenile person1n", "juvenile1n" ; :wordnet "juvenile", "juvenile person" ; a :HumanRoleType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'juvenile person' in WordNet: 1. juvenile, juvenile person - (a youthful person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildRole, :HumanYouth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Juvenile ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Kaleidoscope :guid "bd7af8e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kaleidoscope2n" ; :wordnet "kaleidoscope" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each #$Kaleidoscope is a toy which one looks into to see symmetrical patterns of moving colors. Kaleidoscopes are generally cylindrical, with an eye-hole at one end, and with a compartment at the far end which contains colored objects that can move freely within the compartment. The far end is either translucent or transparent, so that light can enter. The inside walls of a kaleidoscope have mirrors, usually two set at an angle, so that when the compartmentalized objects move around, they appear to be multiplied N-fold (depending on the angle of the mirrors) and moving in symmetry with their reflections. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'kaleidoscope' in WordNet: 2. kaleidoscope - (an optical toy in a tube; it produces symmetrical patterns as bits of colored glass are reflected by mirrors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :OpticalDevice, :Toy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SymmetricView ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EyeHole ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LookingInsideAnObject ; owl:onProperty :hasMannerOfUse ] . :Kangaroo :guid "bd58f47f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kangaroo1n" ; :wordnet "kangaroo" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Large marsupials found in #$Australia. Some smaller species found on nearby islands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kangaroo' in WordNet: 1. kangaroo - (any of several herbivorous leaping marsupials of Australia and New Guinea having large powerful hind legs and a long thick tail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Marsupial . :KaraokeEvent :en "karaoke event" ; :guid "bf7c9b7d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of karaoke singing events. During such events people typically take turns singing popular songs at a microphone, often reading the words they are singing off a screen that is syncronized with the sound base of the song itself. NOTE: the human singing part of Karaoke is represented by ''KaraokeSinging''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Singing-Human, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KaraokeSinging ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :KaraokeSinging :en "karaoke singing" ; :wnsense "karaoke1n" ; :wordnet "karaoke" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KaraokeSinging'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'karaoke' in WordNet: 1. karaoke - (singing popular songs accompanied by a recording of an orchestra (usually in bars or nightclubs)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Singing-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KaraokeEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Karate a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: this is the ''Sport'' a ''Specification'') ,but the WN synset does not distinguish the Action from the specification ('doing Karate' from 'knowing Karate'). The same WN synset is used for both sport and Action, needs to be distinguished for reasoning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'karate' in WordNet: 1. karate - (a traditional Japanese system of unarmed combat; sharp blows and kicks are given to pressure-sensitive points on the body of the opponent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KarateEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :KarateActivity :en "karate act" ; :guid "be9e7ba2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is any activity that occurs in a ''KarateSportsEvent'' including a whole ''KarateSportsEvent'', or any characteristic Karate move. CYC The collection of all activities consisting of a #$Person practicing, performing, or using karate, a method developed in #$Japan of defending oneself without the use of weapons by striking sensitive areas on an attacker's body with the hands, elbows, knees, or feet. See also #$KarateSportsEvent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MartialArtsActivity-Asian . :KarateEvent :wnsense "karate1n" ; :wordnet "karate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KarateEvent'' is an execution of the sport of 'Karate' that NOTE: this is the Action,but the WN synset does not distinguish does not distinguish the Action from the specification ('doing Karate' from 'knowing Karate'). The same WN synset is used for both sport and Action, needs to be distinguished for reasoning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'karate' in WordNet: 1. karate - (a traditional Japanese system of unarmed combat; sharp blows and kicks are given to pressure-sensitive points on the body of the opponent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombatSportsEvent, :Fight-Physical, :MatchSportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KickingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PunchingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Karate ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :KarateSportsEvent :guid "bee2b85b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "karate1n" ; :wordnet "karate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all structured, judged, karate matches. NOTE: this WN synset is interpreted as an actual Karate match. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'karate' in WordNet: 1. karate - (a traditional Japanese system of unarmed combat; sharp blows and kicks are given to pressure-sensitive points on the body of the opponent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndividualSportsCompetition, :KarateActivity, :MartialArtsSportsEvent . :Karma :wnsense "karma1n" ; :wordnet "karma" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Karma' in WN is a ''Destiny'' that depends on one's actions while living,but this may be something that *affects* one's destiny.. Somewhat vaguely defined - This may be interpreted as a 'credit' that can be built up or lost, to determine what one's after life will be. RHW: 1. Hinduism, Buddhism. action, seen as bringing upon oneself inevitable results, good or bad, either in this life or in a reincarnation: in Hinduism one of the means of reaching Brahman. Cf. bhakti (def. 1), jnana. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'karma' in WordNet: 1. karma - ((Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Destiny, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BehaviorTowardOthers ; owl:onProperty :mayBeAffectedBy ] . :Karst :en "karst" ; :enn "karst" ; :guid "be5e196a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of elements of terrain known as karst. These are terrain elements which have been formed chiefly by the dissolving of rock, primarily carbonates such as limestone and evaporites such as salt. Landforms which count as karst include sinkholes, caves, and natural bridges. RHW: an area of limestone terrane characterized by sinks, ravines, and underground streams. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limestone ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sinkhole ; owl:onProperty :mayHavePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cave ; owl:onProperty :mayHavePart ] . :Kashmir :wnsense "Cashmere2n", "Jammu and Kashmir1n", "Kashmir1n" ; :wordnet "Cashmere", "Jammu and Kashmir", "Kashmir" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kashmir' in WordNet: 1. Kashmir, Cashmere, Jammu and Kashmir - (an area in southwestern Asia whose sovereignty is disputed between Pakistan and India) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea . :KashmirGoat :wnsense "Cashmere goat1n", "Kashmir goat1n" ; :wordnet "Cashmere goat", "Kashmir goat" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kashmir goat' in WordNet: 1. Cashmere goat, Kashmir goat - (Himalayan goat having a silky undercoat highly prized as cashmere wool) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Llama, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kashmir ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ] . :Kayak :guid "bd58aaa5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kayak1n" ; :wordnet "kayak" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of kayaks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kayak' in WordNet: 1. kayak - (a small canoe consisting of a light frame made watertight with animal skins; used by Eskimos) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canoe, :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KayakPaddle ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :KayakPaddle :en "kayak paddle" ; :enn "kayak paddle" ; :guid "be010cfe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Paddle with a blade on both ends that is used in Kayaking. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paddle-Water, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kayak ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Kayaking :eng "kayaking" ; :wnsense "kayak1v" ; :wordnet "kayak" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'kayak' in WordNet: 1. kayak - (travel in a small canoe; 'we kayaked down the river') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canoeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KayakPaddle ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kayak ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :Kazakhstan :wnsense "Kazakhstan1n" ; :wordnet "Kazakhstan" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kazakhstan' (capitalized) in WordNet: 1. Kazakhstan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakstan, Kazakh, Kazak - (a landlocked republic south of Russia and northeast of the Caspian Sea; the original Turkic-speaking inhabitants were overrun by Mongols in the 13th century; an Asian soviet from 1936 to 1991) """ . :Keel :wnsense "keel2n" ; :wordnet "keel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Keel'' is a strong rigid beam running from front to back of a boat, along the center of the hull; it may provide the main support, or part of the main support for the boat's structure. RHW: Naut. a central fore-and-aft structural member in the bottom of a hull, extending from the stem to the sternpost and having the floors or frames attached to it, usually at right angles: sometimes projecting from the bottom of the hull to provide stability. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'keel' in Wordnet: 2. keel - one of the main longitudinal beams (or plates) of the hull of a vessel; can extend vertically into the water to provide lateral stability) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuralBeam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hull ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Keen :en "sharply honed" ; :isTheOppositeOf :DullEdged ; :ldoce "keen", "sharp" ; :wnsense "keen5adj", "sharp9adj" ; :wordnet "keen", "sharp" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having an edge that is very sharp - of cutting instruments having a linear rather than pointed edge. For the sense of 'keen' as applied to the mind or intellect, use 'discriminating'. For needles and other sharp things, use the parent type 'Sharp'. Corresponds approximately to the LDOCE sense 10 of 'keen', however in the COSMO sense it should be used to mean 'very sharp' but not necessarily extremely sharp. LDOCE 'keen' (adj) 10. (literary) a keen knife or blade is extremely sharp Corresponds to part of adjective senses 5 of 'keen' and sense 9 of 'sharp' (excluding pointed objects) in WordNet: 5. keen - (having a sharp cutting edge or point; 'a keen blade') WN adj 'sharp': 9. (1) sharp - (having or made by a thin edge or sharp point; suitable for cutting or piercing; 'a sharp knife'; 'a pencil with a sharp point') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Keeping :en "keeping", "maintaining" ; :ldoce "keep" ; :wnsense "continue5v", "hold2v", "keep going3v", "keep on1v", "keep10v", "keep1v", "maintain1v", "retain2v" ; :wordnet "continue", "hold", "keep", "keep going", "keep on", "maintain", "retain" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The broad Class of Processes where some agent keeps (maintains) something in a particular state, or in a particular location, or having some particular attribute(s) for some extended period of time. This is a subtype of 'AvoidanceAction' because it is an action directed at preventing something from happening. This is also a subclass of ''Limiting'' because it limits and restricts the effect of some Action or Event. For 'retaining possesson' use the subtype ''RetainingPossession''. This general sense can be used for, e.g. 'keep the beer cold', 'keep yourself clean', 'keep your skills sharp by practice', 'keep watching the children'. 'keep your eye on the ball'. The action is sometimes defined more by what does not happen than what happens. The subtype of 'keeping' something in a particular location is represented by 'StorageOfSomething' Keeping possession is represented by the subtype 'RetainingPossession'.. Includes verb senses 1, 2, 3, and 10 of 'keep' (sense 3 is also the subtype 'RetainingPossession') and verb sense 1 of 'mainain' (except possibly 'keep on on one's toes') in WordNet: 1. (207) keep, maintain, hold - (keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., 'keep clean'; 'hold in place'; 'She always held herself as a lady'; 'The students keep me on my toes') 10. (3) retain, continue, keep, keep on, keep going - (allow to remain in a place or position; 'We cannot continue several servants any longer'; 'She retains a lawyer'; 'The family's fortune waned and they could not keep their household staff'; 'Our grant has run out and we cannot keep you on'; 'We kept the work going as long as we could') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvoidanceAction, :HavingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKept ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething :en "keep from" ; :ldoce "prevent", "prevention" ; :wnsense "constrain1v", "cumber1v", "encumber1v", "keep4v", "prevent2v", "restrain4v", "restraint1n" ; :wordnet "constrain", "cumber", "encumber", "keep", "prevent", "restrain", "restraint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The more specific sense of 'Preventing' where one Agent prevents another Agent (or agent-like thing such as cancer) from performing some action. Linguistically it is expressed by phrases such as 'keep the dog from running into the neighbor's yard',or 'keep the cancer from spreading' where a 'from' connects the object Agent and the action that is prevented. NOTE: restraining a Person by means of threats is represented under the subtype ''IntimidatingaPerson''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prevent' and senses 3, 4, and 5 of 'restrain' in WordNet: 2. (40) prevent, keep - (prevent from doing something or being in a certain state; 'We must prevent the cancer from spreading'; 'His snoring kept me from falling asleep'; 'Keep the child from eating the marbles') WN verb 'restrain': 4. (1) restrain, encumber, cumber, constrain - (hold back) WN Noun 'restraint': 1. (5) restraint - (the of act controlling by restraining someone or something; 'the unlawful restraint of trade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :prevents ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Constrained ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :KeepingInformation a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Processes where agent keeps Information on some InformationBearingObject. The Keeping can be quite temporary, as in computer RAM. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Keeping, :Possession . :KeepingSomething :wnsense "keep4v" ; :wordnet "keep" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'KeepingSomething' a ''PuttingSomethingSomewhere'' where the Intention of the Agent is to cause some object to be in a ''Keeping'' state, for any of various reasons. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'keep' in WordNet: 4. (22) prevent, keep - (prevent from doing something or being in a certain state; 'We must prevent the cancer from spreading'; 'His snoring kept me from falling asleep'; 'Keep the child from eating the marbles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preventing, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere . :KeepingWatch :en "keep watch" ; :eng "keeping watch" ; :env "keep watch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KeepingWatch'' is a ''Watching'' performed by a ''Person'', which may be a 'vigil' for religious purposes or at a dead body, or may be a ''Monitoring'' to guard against some possible undesirable Event, and either take action or sound an alarm to avoid possible negative consequences. vigil, watch This is for direct observation, without use of instruments, as would be done by a 'watcher' such as a Person on a vigil or a 'baby-sitter'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Watching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Watcher ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :KeepingaPromise :en "keep a promise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KeepingaPromise'' is any Action taken to fulfil a Promise by the one who made the promise. This is a realization of a ''PromisedAction''; the ''PromisedAction'' was a ''FutureSituation'' when it was proised, but the ''keepingaPromise'' is an actual realized Situation that was motivated by the ''PromisedAction''.. NOTE: this seems a bit clumsy in relating the ''KeepingaPromise'' to the ''Promise'', by using the specialized relation of 'wasMotivatedBy' to assert that a ''FutureEvent'' (the ''PromisedAction'' that hasn't happened) is the 'cause' of a current Event. Although 'causality' usually works by one event causing an event that *follows* in time, 'motivation' is a non-physical, mental analogy of physical causation that allows a possible future to influence current events through the agency of an agent that anticipates the outcome. This is one example of how that 'motivational causation' works. Includes verb sense 1 of 'fulfill' in WordNet: 1. (26) carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil - (put in effect; 'carry out a task'; 'execute the decision of the people'; 'He actioned the operation') WN verb 'carry out': 2. (16) follow through, follow up, follow out, carry out, implement, put through, go through - (pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue; 'Did he go through with the treatment?'; 'He implemented a new economic plan'; 'She followed up his recommendations with a written proposal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExecutingaProcedure, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :realizes ; owl:someValuesFrom :PromisedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PromisedAction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ] . :KeepingaSecret :en "keep a secret", "keeping a secret", "keeping secrets" ; :eng "keeping a secret" ; :env "keep a secret" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KeepingaSecret'' is a ''DidNotHappenEvent'' in which the thing that did not happen is that the Person performing this Action intentionally refrains from divulging ''SecretInformation''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DidNotHappenEvent, :PurposefulInaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :SecretInformation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisclosingaSecret ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ] . :KelvinDegree :en "Kelvin degree", "degree Kelvin" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI TemperatureMeasure. Symbol: K. It is one of the base units in SI (it is also a unit in the ITS system). Kelvin differs from the Celsius scale in that the triple point of water is defined to be 273.16 KelvinDegrees while it is 0 CelsiusDegrees. The magnitudes of intervals in the two scales are the same. By definition the conversion constant is 273.15. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemperatureMeasure . :Kenya :wnsense "Kenya2n" ; :wordnet "Kenya" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kenya' in Wordnet: 1. Kenya, Republic of Kenya - (a republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1963; major archeological discoveries have been made in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya) """ . :Keratin :wnsense "ceratin1n", "keratin1n" ; :wordnet "ceratin", "keratin" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Keratin'' is an ''Albuminoid'' (''Protein'') notably in finger- and toenails and feathers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'keratin' in WordNet: 1. keratin, ceratin - (a fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair feathers nails and hooves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Albuminoid . :Kerchief :guid "bf1ed34e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kerchief1n" ; :wordnet "kerchief" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of pieces of cloth of various sizes, worn about the neck, over the head, or in the pocket of a suit coat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kerchief' in Wordnet: 1. (1) kerchief - (a square scarf that is folded into a triangle and worn over the head or about the neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scarf . :Kernel :isBiologicallyDerivedFrom :FruitPlant ; :wnsense "kernel1n" ; :wordnet "kernel" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The inner softer part of a ''Seed'' (or its subtype ''Nut-TheFruit''). It is usually edible, but that is not a necessary property in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kernel' in Wordnet: 1. kernel, meat - (the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone; 'black walnut kernels are difficult to get out of the shell') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicObject, :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitPlant ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitPlant ; owl:onProperty :isBiologicallyDerivedFrom ] ; owl:disjointWith :SeedHusk . :Ketchup :guid "bd58c41f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :Tomato ; :wnsense "catsup1n", "ketchup1n" ; :wordnet "catsup", "ketchup" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Ketchup is based on tomatoes, but usually includes additives. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ketchup' in Wordnet: 1. catsup, ketchup, cetchup, tomato ketchup - (thick spicy sauce made from tomatoes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sauce, :TomatoBasedSauce . :Ketone :guid "27ceeed8-eceb-41d6-8904-d69750cd0402" ; :wnsense "ketone1n" ; :wordnet "ketone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Ketones are organic molecules consisting of a carbonyl radical (C = O) bonded to two other carbon radicals, wherein the two available carbon bonds of the carbonyl are used to attach the carbon atoms of the other radicals. One good example is acetone (a.k.a. dimethyl ketone), in which the carbon atom of the carbonyl is attached to the carbon atoms of two methyl radicals CH3- . The resulting formula is CO(CH3)2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ketone' in WordNet: 1. ketone - (any of a class of organic compounds having a carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound . :Kettle :wnsense "kettle1n" ; :wordnet "kettle" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pot'' that is designed for holding water that can be boiled, to make food or drink of some kind. The 'pot' used to boil the water is a ''TeaKettle''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kettle' in Wordnet: 1. (1) kettle, boiler - (a metal pot for stewing or boiling; usually has a lid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMake ] . :Key :appearsInAxioms """(=> (instance ?KEY Key) (exists (?LOCK) (and (instance ?LOCK Lock) (capability Opening instrument ?LOCK) (capability Closing instrument ?LOCK)))) """^^xsd:string ; :ldoce "key" ; :wnsense "key1n" ; :wordnet "key" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Device which opens and closes a Lock. NOTE we restrict this to metal 'keys'. In the future this restriction may not be appropriate. Most modern keys for tumpler locks are flat, but older types may have different shapes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'key' in WordNet: 1. (14) key - (metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AntiTheftDevice, :FunctionalObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnlockingaKeyedLock ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnlockingaKeyedLock ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KeyedLock ; owl:onProperty :hasAssociatedObject ] . :KeyHole :en "key-hole" ; :wnsense "keyhole1n" ; :wordnet "keyhole" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''KeyHole'' is a ''Hole'' in some ''SolidObject'' designed for the insertion of a key that can be inserted into a lock and permit the movement of some object, typically to allow access to the area locked. Usually it is located at a portal, such as a door, but other things can be activated by keys. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'keyhole' in Wordnet:: 1. (2) keyhole - (the hole where a key is inserted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Hole, :Opening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtifactObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Key ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :KeyWord :en "keyword" ; :enn "keyword" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''KeyWord'' is a ''Word'' (including fixed phrases), that can be used to find information on a particular topic. It may be part of an index or of a ''KeyWordList''. No Wn sense. RHW 'keyword': 1. a word that serves as a key, as to the meaning of another word, a sentence, passage, or the like: Search the database for the keyword 'Ireland'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :KeyWordList ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :KeyWordList :wnsense "key11n" ; :wordnet "key" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''KeyWordList'' is a list of ''KeyWord''s, usually alphabetical, each of which either itself provides an explanation for some symbol or abbreviation in a Document, or provides a reference to where information on that topic can be found. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'key' in WordNet: 11. key - (a list of words or phrases that explain symbols or abbreviations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :KeyWord ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DatabaseSearching ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Keyboard-Generic :wnsense "keyboard1n" ; :wordnet "keyboard" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Keyboard-Generic'' is a Device containing an array of 'keys' of various kinds. The termused to be sed for sets of 'keys' that are part of alarger Device, but is now used also to refer to a musical 'keyboard' that can contain all the copnents necessary to emit music when played, and therefore cannot be condiddered as 'part' of another device. This type includes both the keyboards that are lart of larger devices and the ones that are self-contained devices, and also the visually displayed 'keyboard' on the screen of a computer 'smart phone'. The subtypes will have proper distinctions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'keyboard' in WordNet: 1. (4) keyboard - (device consisting of a set of keys on a piano or organ or typewriter or typesetting machine or computer or the like) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :KeyboardKey ] . :KeyboardKey :ldoce "key" ; :wnsense "key15n" ; :wordnet "key" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''KeyboardKey'' is a physicalobject (which could be only part of a computer screen display) that can be 'pressed' to cause some form of data entry in a Device containing it. This can be of various types - see ''Keyboard-Generic''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'key' (which seems to refer only to typewriter or typesetting keys) in WordNet: 15. key - (a lever that actuates a mechanism when depressed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceKey, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PressingWithaFinger ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InputtingData ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Keyboard-Generic ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :KeyedLock :appearsInAxioms """(=> (instance ?KEY Key) (exists (?LOCK) (and (instance ?LOCK Lock) (capability Opening instrument ?LOCK) (capability Closing instrument ?LOCK))))"""^^xsd:string ; :en "keyed lock" ; :enn "keyed lock" ; :wnsense "cylinder lock1n" ; :wordnet "cylinder lock" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Lock that is opened and closed with a 'Key'. Seems the same as WN a 'cylinder lock'. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cylinder lock' in WordNet: 1. cylinder lock - (a lock in which a cylinder rotates to move a bolt; tumblers are pins; inserting the key lifts and aligns the pins to free the cylinder to rotate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lock, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Key ; owl:onProperty :hasAssociatedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Key ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Keynote :wnsense "keynote1n", "keynote2n" ; :wordnet "keynote" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Keynote'' is the dominant ''Theme'' that is the central idea connecting different parts of a composition or series of talks (such as at a conference). The ''Keynote'' may be elaborated in a ''KeynoteAddress'' at the start of a conference or conference session. address, speech Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'keynote' in WordNet: 1. (1) keynote - (the principal theme in a speech or literary work) 2. (1) keynote - (a fundamental or central idea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Theme, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KeynoteAddress ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ] . :KeynoteAddress :wnsense "keynote address1n", "keynote speech1n" ; :wordnet "keynote address", "keynote speech" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'keynote address' in WordNet: 1. keynote speech, keynote address - (a speech setting forth the keynote) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicSpeech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Keynote ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :KhakiColor :guid "d5bf45d6-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "khaki1adj" ; :wordnet "khaki" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'khaki' in Wordnet: 1. (1) khaki - (of a yellowish brown color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brownish . :Kickback :wnsense "kickback1n" ; :wordnet "kickback" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''bribe' can include paying with anything valuable, not just cash currency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kickback' in WordNet: 1. kickback - (a commercial bribe paid by a seller to a purchasing agent in order to induce the agent to enter into the transaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bribing, :CommercialActivity, :Transaction . :Kicking :en "kicking" ; :guid "bd58887e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "kick" ; :wnsense "kick1n", "kick6v" ; :wordnet "kick" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Powerful swinging of a leg, often to hit something with the leg or foot, but possibly only as part of a dance or swimming or calisthenic activity, with no impact intended. The 'kicking' that strikes an object is represented by subtype ''KickingAnObject''. CYC: Powerful swinging of a leg, usually to hit something with the leg or foot. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'kick' in WordNet: 6. kick, kicking - (a rhythmic thrusting movement of the legs as in swimming or calisthenics; 'the kick must be synchronized with the arm movements'; 'the swimmer's kicking left a wake behind him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leg ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :KickingAnObject :guid "bd58887e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "kick" ; :wnsense "boot7n", "kick1n", "kick1v", "kick3v", "kicking2n" ; :wordnet "boot", "kick", "kicking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KickingAnObject'' is a ''Kicking'' that hits some SolidObject, which may or may not cause that SolidObject to move.. SUMO: Any instance of Impelling where the instrument is a Foot of the agent. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 and noun sense 1 of 'kick' in WordNet: 1. (11) kick - (drive or propel with the foot) 3. (7) kick - (strike with the foot; 'The boy kicked the dog'; 'Kick the door down') WN noun 'kick' 1. (3) kick, boot, kicking - (the act of delivering a blow with the foot; 'he gave the ball a powerful kick'; 'the team's kicking was excellent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :StrikingAnObjectEvent, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ] . :KickingAnOpponent :guid "bf850123-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The intentional Action of Kicking a Person who is perceived as an opponent (or at least disliked) by the kicker. In Cyc this is restricted to sports, but in COSMO it is more general.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :KickingAnObject, :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent, :ViolentAction . :KickingWhileSwimming :en "kicking" ; :guid "bd58887e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "kick" ; :wnsense "kick1n", "kick6v" ; :wordnet "kick" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KickingWhileSwimming'' is a ''Kicking'' that may occur during a ''Swimming'' Action performed by a human ''Swimmer'', that helps propel the swimmer through the water. Corresponds approximately to part ofnoun sense 1 of 'kick' in WordNet: 6. kick, kicking - (a rhythmic thrusting movement of the legs as in swimming or calisthenics; 'the kick must be synchronized with the arm movements'; 'the swimmer's kicking left a wake behind him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kicking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swimming ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :KickingaBall :en "kick a ball", "kicking a ball" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KickingaBall'' is the intentional Action of Kicking a ''Ball'' of some kind, typically a game ball. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KickingAnObject, :PropellingaBall . :KickingaFieldGoal :en "kick a field Goal", "kicking a field Goal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KickingaFieldGoal'' is a ''KickingaFootBall'' that is an *attempt* to score a FieldGoal.. Needs more detail. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KickingaFootBall, :ShotAtaGoal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoalPost ; owl:onProperty :hasTarget ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScoringaFieldGoal ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :KickingaFootBall :en "kick a football", "kicking a football" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KickingaFootBall'' is the intentional Action of Kicking a ''FootBall'', usually done as part of a Football game (any type). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KickingaBall . :KiddingAround :eng "kidding" ; :wnsense "kid2v" ; :wordnet "kid" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KiddingAround''is a form of 'Teasing' among some GroupOfPeople who mutually say or do potentially annoying things in a good-humored manner as a form of sociable fun. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'kid' in WordNet: 2. (2) kid, chaff, jolly, josh, banter - (be silly or tease one another; 'After we relaxed, we just kidded around') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmusementEvent, :Teasing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amiable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Kidnapping :en "kidnapping" ; :eng "kidnapping" ; :wnsense "abduct1v", "kidnap1v", "nobble3v", "snatch3v" ; :wordnet "abduct", "kidnap", "nobble", "snatch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Kidnapping'' is a ''Seizing'' of an Animal, usually of a Person, but subtype ''Petnapping'' is for a pet animal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kidnap' in WordNet: 1. (3) kidnap, nobble, abduct, snatch - (take away to an undisclosed location against their will and usually in order to extract a ransom; 'The industrialist's son was kidnapped') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capturing, :Crime, :Seizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingSomething ; owl:onProperty :starts ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Kidney :guid "bd58e562-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Torso ; :wnsense "kidney1n" ; :wordnet "kidney" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all kidneys. Instances of this collection are paired #$InternalOrgans which remove nitrogen compounds (e.g. #$Urea) from the #$Blood, maintain electrolyte balance, pH, and osmotic pressure, and pass the waste products out of the body through a network of #$AnatomicalVessels and storage compartments. In #$Mammals, #$Kidneys are structures which produce #$Urine, passing it through #$Ureters to a #$Bladder-Urinary which empties out of the body through a #$Urethra. SUMO: An Organ that separates urine from other BodySubstances and passes it to the bladder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kidney' in Wordnet: 1. (9) kidney - (either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine; 'urine passes out of the kidney through ureters to the bladder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :KidneyAndBladder :hasComponentElement :Bladder-Urinary, :Kidney ; a :Group, :Pair . :Killed :ened "killed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Killing ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Killed'' is the attribute of an Organism that has died as a result of ''Killing''. no WN sense """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmed, :PastParticiple . :KilledInBattle :en "killed in action", "killed in battle" ; :enadj "killed in battle" ; :isAnAttributeOf :MilitaryPerson ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :KillingInBattle ; :wnsense "fallen4adj" ; :wordnet "fallen" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Killed'' is the attribute of a ''MilitaryPerson'' that has died as a result of ''KillingInBattle'' Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'fallen' in Wordnet: 4. fallen - (killed in battle; 'to honor fallen soldiers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Killed . :KilledOrInjured :en "killed or injured" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :IncurringAnInjury, :Killing ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KilledOrInjured'' is the attribute of an Organism that has been either ''Killed'' or ''Injured'' or both. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Killer :wnsense "killer1n", "slayer1n" ; :wordnet "killer", "slayer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Person'' who has performed an Action of ''Killing'' an Animal other than itself. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'killer' in WordNet: 1. (8) killer, slayer - (someone who causes the death of a person or animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Killing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Killing :ldoce "kill" ; :wnsense "kill1v", "killing2n", "putting to death1n" ; :wordnet "kill", "kill1n", "killing", "putting to death" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subclass of Destruction in which the death of an Organism is caused by some GenericAgent, typically the intentional action ofan Organism (including itself), but possibly a natural cause such as an earthquake or landslide or illness (''AilmentCondition''). Note that in cases of suicide the Organism would be the same in both cases. 'Killing' is done by an Agent organism, not by natural forces, For death due to accident, use 'AccidentalDeath'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'kill' in WordNet: 1. (103) kill - (cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly; 'This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank'; 'The farmer killed a pig for the holidays') WN noun 'killing': 2. (5) killing, kill, putting to death - (the act of terminating a life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CauseOfDeath, :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeathByKilling ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organism ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysiologicalCondition ; owl:onProperty :worsens ] . :KillingAnAnimal :en "killing" ; :ldoce "kill" ; :wnsense "kill1v" ; :wordnet "kill" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KillingAnAnimal'' is not just what a ''Hunter'' attempts to do (that would be ''KillingGame''). This can be swatting a mosquito or running over an animal on the road. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Killing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ] . :KillingInBattle a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KillingInBattle'' is a ''KillingaPerson'' in which the Person killed is a soldier (includes air and sea) that was killed during a combat operation in wartime. This is not necessarily done by the 'enemy', as it includes killing by 'friendly fire'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KillingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :War ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :KillingaGameAnimal :ldoce "kill" ; :wnsense "kill1v" ; :wordnet "kill" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KillingaGameAnimal' is a ''KillingAnAnimal'' where the animal is killed as a result of a ''Hunting'' event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KillingAnAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :GameAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Hunting ] . :KillingaPerson :en "killing" ; :guid "c01bb3dc-ccf3-41d6-9f44-8866b45971aa" ; :ldoce "kill" ; :wnsense "kill1v" ; :wordnet "kill" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Killing in which the patient (object) of the action is a Person. This is not necssarily a ''Homicide'' because the agent perfroming the killing is no necessarily a Person.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Killing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Killjoy :wnsense "killjoy1n", "party pooper1n", "spoilsport1n", "wet blanket1n" ; :wordnet "killjoy", "party pooper", "spoilsport", "wet blanket" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This needs Actions of reducing pleasure for better logical description. @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'killjoy' in WordNet: 1. spoilsport, killjoy, wet blanket, party pooper - (someone who spoils the pleasure of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonaNonGrata, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoyance ; owl:onProperty :agentMayCauseState ] . :Kiln :wnsense "kiln1n" ; :wordnet "kiln" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A special type of ''Furnace'', used Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kiln' in WordNet: 1. kiln - (a furnace for firing or burning or drying such things as porcelain or bricks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Furnace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForgingaMetalObject ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :KilnFiring :wnsense "fire3v" ; :wordnet "fire" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KilnFiring'' is a ''Baking-Hardening'' of materials (usually predominantly inorganic) in a ''Kiln''. This is mostly for producing bricks or ceramic objects, but may be used for any other purpose for hardening inorganic material. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'fire' in WordNet: 3. (10) fire - (bake in a kiln so as to harden; 'fire pottery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Baking-Hardening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kiln ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :KiloByte a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One KiloByte (KB) of information. One KiloByte is 1024 Bytes. Note that this sense of 'kilo' is different from the one accepted in the SI system."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationMeasure . :KiloCalorie :wnsense "Calorie2n", "kilocalorie1n", "kilogram calorie1n" ; :wordnet "Calorie", "kilocalorie", "kilogram calorie" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''KiloCalorie'' is an energy measure equal to 1000 ''Calorie''s. This is the 'calorie' used in rating food energy content. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'calorie' in WordNet: 2. Calorie, kilogram calorie, kilocalorie, large calorie, nutritionist's calorie - (a unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree at one atmosphere pressure; used by nutritionists to characterize the energy-producing potential in food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :KilowattHour :wnsense "Board of Trade unit1n", "kW-hr1n", "kilowatt hour1n" ; :wordnet "Board of Trade unit", "kW-hr", "kilowatt hour" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """KilowattHour is a UnitOfMeasure for energy that represents 1000 Watts (1 kW) of power expended over one hour (1 h) of time. This is the unit commonly used in commercial power contexts. It is equivalent to 3,600,000 Joules. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kilowatt hour' in WordNet: 1. kilowatt hour, kW-hr, Board of Trade unit, B.T.U. - (a unit of energy equal to the work done by a power of 1000 watts operating for one hour) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Kilt :guid "bf6ac0a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kilt1n" ; :wordnet "kilt" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Kilt'' is typically worn by Scottish men when they intend to celebrate their traditional dress, but sometimes by Irish also. The collection of pleated, wraparound #$Skirts traditionally worn by Scottish men. #$Kilts are usually made of tartan cloth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kilt' in WordNet: 1. kilt - (a knee-length pleated tartan skirt worn by men as part of the traditional dress in the Highlands of northern Scotland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MensClothing, :Skirt, :TraditionalClothing . :Kimono :guid "c10b6e46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kimono1n" ; :wordnet "kimono" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Type of traditional Japanese clothing, usually full-length or nearly full-length. ??'gown' or 'robe'?? Includes but is broader than to noun sense 1 of 'kimono', this is intended primarily for the traditional Japanese robe, but can include modern variants: in WordNet: 1. kimono - (a loose robe; imitated from robes originally worn by Japanese) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, :Gown, :Robe, :TraditionalClothing . :Kind :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :ActOfKindness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Selfish, :Unkind ; :ldoce "kind" ; :wnsense "kind1n" ; :wordnet "kind" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Kind' is an AttributeValue of someone who has the trait of kindness. NOTE that in COSMO the difference between 'having a trait' and having an attribute that specifies having that trait is not distinguished. To *be* kind and to *have* kindness are treated in COSMO as different linguistic methods to specify the same meaning. Therefore 'kind' as an adjective is considered as the referent for the nominalized form 'generosity' as well as the adjectival form. The meaning of 'kind' as a sort, type, or category is represented by 'Sort'. However, the notion 'kind' is also used to characterize actions, and this is a distinct sense. (not in Wordnet). WN 'kind': in WordNet: 1. (4) kind - (having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior; 'kind to sick patients'; 'a kind master'; 'kind words showing understanding and sympathy'; 'thanked her for her kind letter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Kind-Hearted :isTheOppositeOf :Inconsiderate, :Selfish ; :wnsense "kind-hearted1adj", "kindhearted1adj" ; :wordnet "kind-hearted", "kindhearted" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Kind-Hearted'' is a subattribute of ''Kind'' characterizing people who are habitually kind to others. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'kind-hearted' in Wordnet: 1. kindhearted, kind-hearted - (having or proceeding from an innately kind disposition; 'a generous and kindhearted teacher') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kind . :Kindergarten :wnsense "kindergarten1n" ; :wordnet "kindergarten" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Kindergarten'' is the ''EducationalRank'' for children who are just being introduced to the social atmoshere of a School, before formal graded educational studies have begun.. Corresponds only pproximately to the apparent noun sense 1 of 'kindergarten' (but unlike WN, this is not a 'school' but a rank in a scool) in WordNet: 1. (1) kindergarten - (a preschool for children age 4 to 6 to prepare them for primary school) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalRank . :Kindly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Kind ; :wnsense "kindly1adv" ; :wordnet "kindly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Kindly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the action was or is being or should be performed in a 'Kind'' manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'kindly' in WordNet: 1. (1) kindly - (in a kind manner or out of kindness; 'He spoke kindly to the boy'; 'she kindly overlooked the mistake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Kindness :disposesToAction :ActOfKindness ; :hasContrastingTrait :Cruelness ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Kind ; :wnsense "kindness1n", "kindness2n" ; :wordnet "kindness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The trait of someone who is disposed to perform an ''ActOfKindness'' (more often than a typical person does). An is an example of an ''ActExhibitingCharacterTrait'', i.e. the character trait of ''Kindness''.. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'kindness' in Wordnet: 1. kindness - (the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic) 2. forgivingness, kindness - (tendency to be kind and forgiving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :Kinesiology :wnsense "kinesiology1n" ; :wordnet "kinesiology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Physiology'' is a branch of ''Biology'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kinesiology' in WordNet: 1. kinesiology - (the branch of physiology that studies the mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physiology . :KineticEnergy :guid "bd58dc70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "K.E.1n", "kinetic energy1n" ; :wordnet "K.E.", "kinetic energy" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KineticEnergy'' is the energy contained by an object in motion (relative to another object - relativity!) CYC: Kinetic energy is energy due to an objects being in motion, can be calculated as 1/2*M*V**2; it is measured in Joules in the MKS system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kinetic energy' in WordNet: 1. (17) kinetic energy, K.E. - (the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalEnergy . :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice :guid "bd58942f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO not: this includes sleds that are powered by gravitation usually after an initial push of the rider. CYC: A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice does not have any on-board energy source incorporated into it, at least not one supplying the bulk of the power requirements of the device. Instead, its operating power is supplied by the kinetic energy from something else in motion - such as animal muscle power (including human labor), wind energy, or hydraulic power. Specializations of this collection include #$Pulley and #$Piano-Acoustic. (Cf. #$SelfPoweredDevice, which includes, e.g., electric organs.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PoweredDevice . :KineticFriction :en "kinetic friction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KineticFriction'' is the ''Friction'' that resists the Motion of a movable solid object while it is moving in a 'sliding' manner relative to a relatively static surface. See also ''StaticFriction''. From: https://study.com/academy/lesson/static-friction-definition-formula-examples.html Have you ever noticed that it's harder to get a shopping cart moving than it is to keep it moving. If you try to push your couch across the room, the first push is the hardest part. Maybe people assume that's nothing more than psychological, but there really is a physics reason for it. The reason is static friction. Friction, in general, is a force that makes it harder for two objects to slide alongside one another. Static friction is the friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface on which it's resting. Once the objects have already started moving, kinetic friction takes over. This is the friction that exists between two objects moving relative to each other. Kinetic friction isn't as strong as static friction, and so it's easier to keep the shopping cart moving. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sliding-Generic ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :King-ChessPiece :ldoce "king" ; :wnsense "king10n" ; :wordnet "king" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess king. WN sense 10 of 'king' in Wordnet: 10. king - ((chess) the weakest but the most important piece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChessPiece . :King-HeadOfGovernment :guid "bd58a998-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "king" ; :wnsense "king1n" ; :wordnet "king" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The King of a country and the #$HeadOfGovernment of that country. If uncertain whether an individual king is or is not the HeadOfGovernment, use 'King-HeadOfState'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadOfGovernment, :King-HeadOfState, :MemberOfRoyalty . :King-HeadOfState :guid "bd58e736-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "king" ; :wnsense "king1n" ; :wordnet "king" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all kings of a countries, which are usually monarchies and always kingdoms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'king' in WordNet: 1. (20) king, male monarch, Rex - (a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson, :MemberOfRoyalty, :MemberOfTheNobility, :Monarch-HeadOfState . :King-size :isAnAttributeValueOf :KingSizeBed ; :wnsense "king-size1adj", "king-sized1adj" ; :wordnet "king-size", "king-sized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'king-size' in Wordnet: 1. king-size, king-sized - (extra large; 'a king-size bed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Larger . :KingSizeBed :en "king", "king-size bed" ; :enn "king", "king-size bed" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''KingSizeBed'' is a ''Bed'' with a width larger that of a ''DoubleBed''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :King-size ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Kingdom :ldoce "kingdom" ; :wnsense "kingdom2n" ; :wordnet "kingdom" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A Country (a GeopoliticalEntity) which has a Monarch-HeadOfState as its 'HeadOfState'. This includes constitutional monarchies such as the United Kingdom, as well as true hereditary absolute monarchies such as Saudi Arabia,where the king is also 'HeadOfGovernment' (i.e. the king is a King-HeadOfGovernment). NOTE that in many Kingdoms, a 'Queen' may be the Monarch. The King need not be specified at any given time, but can be with the relation 'hasHeadOfGovernment' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'kingdom' in WordNet: 2. (1) kingdom - (a country with a king as head of state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Country, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Monarch-HeadOfState ; owl:onProperty :hasHeadOfGovernment ] . :Kingfisher :guid "bd58996d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kingfisher1n" ; :wordnet "kingfisher" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kingfisher' in WordNet: 1. kingfisher - (nonpasserine large-headed bird with a short tail and long sharp bill; usually crested and bright-colored; feed mostly on fish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoraciformBird, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LargeHead ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeadCrest ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crested ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Kingship :wnsense "kingship1n" ; :wordnet "kingship" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A 'Kingship'' is a ''MonarchState'', which is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) of a Person who holds the position of ''King'' Corresponds to part (position) of noun sense 1 of 'kingship' in WordNet: 1. kingship - (the dignity or rank or position of a king) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingaMonarch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :King-HeadOfState ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Kinship :wnsense "family relationship1n", "kinship2n", "relationship4n" ; :wordnet "family relationship", "kinship", "relationship" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Kinship'' is the ''HumanRelationship'' that exists among family members. This is a ''PersistentState'' performed by the members of a ''KinshipGroup''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'kinship' in WordNet: 2. (1) kinship, family relationship, relationship - ((anthropology) relatedness or connection by blood or marriage or adoption) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRelationship, :Relatedness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KinshipGroup ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :KinshipGroup :wnsense "clan1n", "kin2n", "kindred1n", "kinship group1n", "tribe4n" ; :wordnet "clan", "kin", "kindred", "kinship group", "tribe" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A KinshipGroup is a GroupOfPeople who are related to each other in part by ties of common descent from one or more ancestors or by marriage, or by marriage into or adoption into that descent group. The ties of descent can be diffuse or distant, as in large tribes. Each such group has the AttributeValue 'RelatedAsKin'. NOTE that for each instance of KinshipGroup defined, at least one real Person should be specified as belonging to that group - to keep it real. HRAF (KIN GROUPS - 610). In every society, individuals maintain interpersonal relationships, characterized by particular kinship terms and culturally patterned behavior, with each type of relative recognized by the prevailing kinship system. In addition, an individual is normally affiliated with one or more kin groups, each consisting of some, but not all, of his relatives. By 'descent' is meant a cultural rule defining the types of relatives with whom an individual is affiliated in a kin group. It need not, and commonly does not, imply that these relatives are more closely akin to him than are those who do not belong to the same group. The major types of kin groups are defined in the narrower terms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kinship group' in Wordnet: 1. kin, kin group, kinship group, kindred, clan, tribe - (group of people related by blood or marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :SocialBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ; owl:someValuesFrom :Kinsman ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelatedAsKin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kinship ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :Kinsman :ldoce "kin", "relation", "relative" ; :wnsense "kin1n", "kinsman1n", "relation3n", "relative1n" ; :wordnet "kin", "kinsman", "relation", "relative" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO ''Kinsman'' is the term for the common notion of a 'relative' (a person with a familial relation), a PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent where the Event is any Event in which a human individual (of any sex) is born into a family, is married into a family, or is adopted in some way by a family or other kinship group. The kinship relation can be very remote. The word 'kinsman' is formally male, but this is the broad term for 'relative', including a person of any sex. NOTE that a Person can be one's ''Kinsan'' whether dead or alive. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relative' and sense 3 of 'relation' and noun sense 1 of 'kin' in WordNet: 1. (8) relative, relation - (a person related by blood or marriage; 'police are searching for relatives of the deceased'; 'he has distant relations back in New Jersey') WN noun 'kin': 1. kin, kinsperson, family - (a person having kinship with another or others; 'he's kin'; 'he's family') WN 'kinsman': 1. kinsman - (a male relative) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeadOrAlive ; owl:onProperty :hasVitalityAttribute ] . :Kiribati a :Country . :Kissing :en "kissing" ; :guid "bd58ce41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "kiss" ; :wnsense "kiss1n", "kiss1v" ; :wordnet "kiss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The physical act of kissing. There is not necessarily a receiver, so this is not necessarily a #$Communicating (e.g., a little kid kissing a favorite doll, a sailor kissing land after surviving a shipwreck). This sense of 'Kissing' is always performed by a Person, though the receiver of the kiss may not be a Person. A 'kissing' specifically of a Person (any part) or of another person's lips are represented as the subtypes, 'KissingaPerson' and 'KissingOnTheLips'. A sociable kissing on the cheek would be an instance of 'KissingaPerson'. NOTE that in SUMO, a person must be the object kissed. In COSMO the more general OpenCyc interpretation of this term is used. For the more specific SUMO interpretation, use 'KissingaPerson' SUMO: The class of Touching processes where the lips of two persons are brought into contact with each other. NOTE also that WordNet emphasizes the kissing of another person, but the more general kissing, including of inanimate objects, is not specifically excluded and not represented elsewhere in Wordnet. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of of 'kiss' in WordNet: 1. (18) kiss, buss, osculate - (touch with the lips or press the lips (against someone's mouth or other body part) as an expression of love, greeting, etc.; 'The newly married couple kissed'; 'She kissed her grandfather on the forehead when she entered the room') WN noun 'kiss': 1. (7) kiss, buss, osculation - (the act of caressing with the lips (or an instance thereof)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :TouchingDeliberately, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lip ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lip ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :KissingOnTheLips :guid "bd58ce41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "kiss" ; :wnsense "kiss1n", "kiss1v" ; :wordnet "kiss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of Kissing in which two people's lips come in contact, and at least one of them performs this contact intentionally. This includes the (rare?) case where the person being kissed does not actively participate, but is passive or even resents the action.. This correspoonds to the SUMO sense of 'kissing': SUMO: The class of Touching processes where the lips of two persons are brought into contact with each other. smooch """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KissingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLip ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :KissingaPerson :guid "bd58ce41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "kiss" ; :wnsense "kiss1n", "kiss1v" ; :wordnet "kiss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of Kissing in which the thing kissed by the person doing the Kissing is another Person. NOTE that in SUMO, a person must be the object kissed, so this corresponds more closely to the SUMO 'Kissing' than does the more general COSMO 'Kissing', but this sense still does not require that both persons' lips are in contact. For the more specific Kssing in which both persons lips contact each others, use 'KissingOnTheLips' SUMO: The class of Touching processes where the lips of two persons are brought into contact with each other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kissing, :TouchingAnotherPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Kit :wnsense "kit2n", "outfit3n" ; :wordnet "kit", "outfit" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Kit'' is a ''Group'' of objects that is a subtype of ''Equipment'', most or all of whose component elements are used in some specific activity, and which can be carried in one or a small number of portable cases. This is a specialized subgroup of ''Equipment'' generally. @mod47 A case that carries a 'Kit' is a 'Kit-Container'. A Kit with its contents is a ''KitAndContents'' The activity for which a kit is used, or the articles in the ''Kit'' is often specified by a modifying word, e.g. 'makeup kit'. 'tool kit'. 'drilling outfit' (are outfits for larger objects?) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'kit' in WordNet: 2. kit, outfit - (gear consisting of a set of articles or tools for a specified purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanActivity ] . :Kit-Container :wnsense "kit1n" ; :wordnet "kit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Kit-Container'' is a portable ''Case-Container'' that is designe to hold a ''Kit'' (objects used for some particular purpose.). Thus mist suitases will carry heterogeneous objects, but a 'Shaving kit'would have mostly itelms used for shaving. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kit' in WordNet: 1. (2) kit - (a case for containing a set of articles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :PortableObject . :KitAndContents :wnsense "kit2n" ; :wordnet "kit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''KitAndContents'' is a portable ''ContainerAndContents'' That is a ''Kit-Container'' containing a ''Kit'' (objects used in some activity). @mod47 RHW 'kit': 3. such a case and its contents. No unambiguous exact WN sense - sense 2 may include this: in Wordnet: 2. kit, outfit - (gear consisting of a set of articles or tools for a specified purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kit-Container ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kit ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :Kitchen :guid "bd589f3c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "kitchen" ; :wnsense "kitchen1n" ; :wordnet "kitchen" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of kitchens as they tend to be in the late 20th century in more developed countries or in more developed places in the Third World. Small 'kitchens' like in staff rooms of small organizations which don't have stoves or refrigerators are not considered. So are kitchens where you would tend a bar. NOTE: this is for fixed structures - the 'kitchen' of a vehicle is represented by ''KitchenCompartent'' and for a ship or airplane is a ''GalleyKitchen''. SUMO: A Room intended for Cooking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kitchen' in WordNet: 1. (43) kitchen - (a room equipped for preparing meals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :KitchenCompartment :en "kitchen compartment" ; :enn "kitchen compartment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'KitchenCompartment'' is a small dedicated space in some Vehicle (a ''TransportationDevice-Vehicle'') that serves like a ''Kitchen'' for the preparation of food. On a ship or aircraft this is referred to as a 'galley' - use subtype ''GalleyKitchen''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chamber, :SpaceInAHOC, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :KitchenRange :isNormallyLocatedAt :Kitchen ; :ldoce "range" ; :wnsense "kitchen range1n", "range9n", "stove1n" ; :wordnet "kitchen range", "range", "stove" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'KitchenRange' is a HeatingDevice that is also a 'HouseholdAppliance', used for cooking food. It must have both a Cooktop-Device and an Oven as components.. Although it is a 'HouseholdAppliance', it may be used in a commercial setting such as a restaurant. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'range' in WordNet: 9. stove, kitchen stove, range, kitchen range, cooking stove - - (a kitchen appliance used for cooking food; 'dinner was already on the stove') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fixture, :HeatingDevice, :HouseholdAppliance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Cooktop-Device ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Oven ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingFood ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :heats ] . :KitchenStrainer :en "kitchen strainer" ; :enn "kitchen strainer" ; :guid "bdf3347d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'StrainerForCooking'. A ''KitchenStrainer'' is a bowl-shaped device with or without a handle used for preparing food or drink. The subtype that does not use wire-mesh as the straining element is the subtype ''Colander''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KitchenUtensil, :ManufacturedGoods, :NonPoweredDevice, :PhysicalFilter, :SmallObject, :Strainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparingFoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kitchen ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation ] . :KitchenUtensil :wnsense "kitchen utensil1n" ; :wordnet "kitchen utensil" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''KitchenUtensil'' is any ''ArtifactObject'' used for preparing food, not necessarily in any heating process (something for preparing fresh salads would qualify). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kitchen utensil' in WordNet: 1. kitchen utensil - (a utensil used in preparing food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice, :FoodUtensil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparingFoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Kite :guid "bd5de44e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kite3n" ; :wordnet "kite" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Kite'' is a ''Plaything'' (usually) consisting of some light fabric, usually paper, attached to a string, that is designed to 'catch' the wind - be pushed by the wind-, so that it will be suspended by the wind above the ground, while being prevented from flying away by a person on the ground holding the attached string. In CYC 'Kite-TheDevice': The collection of all wind-powered aircraft restrained by a towline and deriving lift from the aerodynamic action of the wind flowing across their surface. Commonly the kite consists of a light framework upon which paper, silk, or other thin material is stretched. Kites are used both for meteorological and other scientific research, and also as toys. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'kite' in WordNet: 3. kite - (plaything consisting of a light frame covered with tissue paper; flown in wind at end of a string) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :Plaything, :RigidObject, :WindPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paper ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "200"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters ] . :Kite-Hawk :guid "c0556dae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kite4n" ; :wordnet "kite" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC 'Kite-TheBird': The collection of all members of any of several types of small birds of the hawk family (see #$AccipitrineFamily) that have long, pointed wings, feed on insects, carrion, reptiles, rodents, and birds, and are noted for their graceful, gliding flight. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'kite' in WordNet: 4. kite - (any of several small graceful hawks of the family Accipitridae having long pointed wings and feeding on insects and small animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hawk, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insect ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :KiteSurfing :en "kiteboarding", "kitesurfing" ; :enn "kiteboarding", "kitesurfing" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Wikipedia: Kiteboarding, also known as kitesurfing[1], is an action sport combining aspects of wakeboarding, snowboarding, windsurfing, surfing, paragliding, skateboarding and sailing into one extreme sport. A kiteboarder harnesses the power of the wind with a large controllable power kite to be propelled across the water, land, or snow. Compared to the other sailing sports, kiteboarding is both among the less expensive (including equipment) and the more convenient. It is also unique in that it harvests the wind energy from a much larger atmosphere volume, comparing to sail size. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :TranslationAlongASurface, :WaterSportActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoreline ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Kitsch :wnsense "kitsch1n" ; :wordnet "kitsch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Needs 'pretentious bad taste' - how to say that?? RHW: something of tawdry design, appearance, or content created to appeal to popular or undiscriminating taste. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kitsch' in WordNet: 1. kitsch - (art in pretentious bad taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FineArtObject . :Kitschy :en "kitschy" ; :enadj "kitschy" ; :wnsense "kitsch1adj", "ostentatious2adj", "pretentious3adj" ; :wordnet "kitsch", "ostentatious", "pretentious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'kitsch' in Wordnet: 1. ostentatious, pretentious, kitsch - (of a display that is tawdry or vulgar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ostentatious, :Vulgar . :Kitten :wnsense "kitten1n", "kitty3n" ; :wordnet "kitten", "kitty" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young ''Cat''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kitten' and sense 3 of 'kitty' in WordNet: 3. kitten, kitty - (young domestic cat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cat, :JuvenileAnimal ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Cat :JuvenileAnimal ) ] . :KittyLitter :wnsense "Kitty Litter1n" ; :wordnet "Kitty Litter" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'KittyLitter' is any granular substance usually rock or clay, divided into small pieces (about the size of sand grains), to be used in a 'LitterBox'' for use of cats or other indoor domestic pets, to receive their urine and feces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kitty litter' in WordNet: 1. Kitty Litter - (granulated clay; placed in a container where it absorbs the waste products of a cat or dog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Granular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Kiwi :wnsense "apteryx1n", "kiwi4n" ; :wordnet "apteryx", "kiwi" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'kiwi' in WordNet: 4. kiwi, apteryx - (nocturnal flightless bird of New Zealand having a long neck and stout legs; only surviving representative of the order Apterygiformes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlightlessBird . :Knack :wnsense "bent4n", "hang1n", "knack1n" ; :wordnet "bent", "hang", "knack" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Knack' is a ''ProceduralKnowledge'' (know-how, a knowledge of how to do something properly) that is or appears to include some innate ''Talent'' that makes this ability stand out from that of others. NOTE: ''ProceduralKnowledge'' is an Oject and ''Talent'' is an Attribute, and ''Object''and ''Attribute' are disjoint,so those cannot both be parents of the same owl:Class. The relation between the two is that of ''hasPart'',in that an Attribute such as a Capability can have a Part that is some ''ProceduralKnowledge Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knack' in WordNet: 1. (2) bent, knack, hang - (a special way of doing something; 'he had a bent for it'; 'he had a special knack for getting into trouble'; 'he couldn't get the hang of it' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Talent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extraordinary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Kneading :guid "bd58d3ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "knead1v", "work22v" ; :wordnet "knead", "work" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Working semi-solid stuff (e.g. dough or clay) by pressing, squeezing, folding and stretching it. Can be done by hand or machine. kneading dough and kneading clay should be different subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'knead' in WordNet: 1. (1) knead, work - (make uniform; 'knead dough'; 'work the clay until it is soft') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingAnObject, :Homogenizing, :MaterialHandling, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SqueezingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cook ; owl:onProperty :mayBePerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Potter ; owl:onProperty :mayBePerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sculptor ; owl:onProperty :mayBePerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SemirigidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ] . :Knee :guid "bd58cf29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "knee" ; :wnsense "articulatio genus1n", "genu1n", "human knee1n", "knee joint1n", "knee1n", "knee2n" ; :wordnet "articulatio genus", "genu", "human knee", "knee", "knee joint" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Joint between the thigh and lower leg. SUMO: The joint in the Leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur. NOTE: 'stifle' is for the joint in horses. This entry is for the Knee of a Person. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'knee' in WordNet: 1. (51) knee, knee joint, human knee, articulatio genus, genu - (hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella) 2. (3) stifle, knee - (joint between the femur and tibia in a quadruped; corresponds to the human knee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Joint-AnimalBodyPart . :KneeAndAnkle :hasComponentElement :Ankle, :Knee ; a :Group, :PairOfObjects . :Kneecap :guid "bd58cf6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "kneecap1n", "kneepan1n", "patella1n" ; :wordnet "kneecap", "kneepan", "patella" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The bone which protects the knee; aka patella. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kneecap' in WordNet: 1. (1) patella, kneecap, kneepan - (a small flat triangular bone in front of the knee that protects the knee joint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :LegBone, :ProtectiveSystem, :ShortBone . :Kneeling :en "kneeling" ; :ldoce "kneel" ; :wnsense "kneel1v" ; :wordnet "kneel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Kneeling is a 'MakingAGesture' (a 'VoluntaryBodyMovement') in which the knees of one or both legs (front legs, for non-human animals) are moved so as to touch the ground. Usually it is a gesture of respect or submission. This includes the 'kneeling' of four-legged animals that rest the knees of their front legs on the ground, which still standing on the rear legs. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'kneel' in WordNet: 1. (9) kneel - (rest one's weight on one's knees; 'In church you have to kneel during parts of the service') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :MakingAGesture, :Touching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroundOrFloor ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knee ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ] . :Knickers :wnsense "breeches1n", "knee breeches1n", "knee pants1n", "knickerbockers1n", "knickers1n" ; :wordnet "breeches", "knee breeches", "knee pants", "knickerbockers", "knickers" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Trousers are outerware pants that extend only to the knee, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knickers' in WordNet: 1. breeches, knee breeches, knee pants, knickerbockers, knickers - (trousers ending above the knee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trousers, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thigh ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :Knicknacks :en "curios", "gewgaws", "knickknacks", "nicknacks", "tchotchkes", "trinkets" ; :wnsense "bangle2n", "bauble2n", "bric-a-brac1n", "chachka2n", "fallal1n", "gaud1n", "gewgaw1n", "knickknack1n", "knickknackery1n", "nicknack1n", "novelty4n", "stuff2n", "tchotchke2n", "trinket1n", "whatnot1n" ; :wordnet "bangle", "bauble", "bric-a-brac", "chachka", "fallal", "gaud", "gewgaw", "knickknack", "knickknackery", "nicknack", "novelty", "stuff", "tchotchke", "trinket", "whatnot" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A Collection of 'curios', objects that have some significance for the owner with or without intrinsic value, with or without any practical use. Often souvenirs are included, but that is a different type. RHW: miscellaneous small articles collected for their antiquarian, sentimental, decorative, or other interest. Syn. trinkets, gimcracks, knickknacks, baubles, gewgaws. includes RHW 'tchotchke': an inexpensive souvenir, trinket, or ornament. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knickknacks' and part of sense 1 of 'trinket' (not necessarily jewelry and not necessarily cheap) and noun sense 2 of 'stuff' in WordNet: 2. bric-a-brac, knickknack, nicknack, knickknackery, whatnot - (miscellaneous curios) WN noun 'trinket': 1. (1) bangle, bauble, gaud, gewgaw, novelty, fallal, trinket - (cheap showy jewelry or ornament on clothing) WN noun 'stuff': 2. (5) stuff - (miscellaneous unspecified objects; 'the trunk was full of stuff') WN noun 'tchotchke': 2. chachka, tchotchke - ((Yiddish) an inexpensive showy trinket) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collection, :PluralThing, :Stuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Curio ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Knife :guid "bd58a827-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "knife" ; :wnsense "knife1n", "knife2n" ; :wordnet "knife" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A flat-bladed thin piece of metal, plastic, bone, or stone, or other hard material such as glass, with or without a separate handle, useful for cutting. Note that 'Knife' is not a subtype of BladedWeapon because not all knives are weapons. For knives used as tableware, see 'TableKnife'. This includes sharp-edged things used for cuttig soft objects like meat or bread, and includes the ''Cleaver''s used for cutting by chopping. SUMO: A sharp object used for cutting. The object must have at least single blade or major protrusion which may be sharp at its end as well. It may be sharp on both sides, or just one. Unlike an awl it has a sharp edge rather than a point. Unlike scissors, it is a single blade without additional articulated parts. Unlike an axe, a knife is well-designed for slicing rather than chopping, although a heavy knife such as a broadsword can also be used for chopping, whereas a non-knife is not well designed for slicing meat for example. A knife can be small like a pocket knife, or large like a two-handed broadsword. A knife may also include other protrusions such as in the split swords and trident-like objects (that also possess a long sharp edge) in Chinese weaponry. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'knife' in WordNet: 1. (6) knife - (edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle) 2. (5) knife - (a weapon with a handle and blade with a sharp point) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :EdgeTool, :HandTool, :SharpObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :KnifeEdge :wnsense "cutting edge1n" ; :wordnet "cutting edge" ; a :RoleType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''KnifeEdge'' is the distinctive feature of the blades of knives, swords, and other bladed things designed for cutting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cutting edge' in Wordnet: 2. knife edge, cutting edge - (the sharp cutting side of the blade of a knife) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdgeOnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharpEdged ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CuttingDevice :CuttingDeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Angular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingSomething ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Knight-ChessPiece :wnsense "knight2n" ; :wordnet "knight" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess knight. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'knight' in WordNet: 2. knight, horse - (a chessman shaped to resemble the head of a horse; can move two squares horizontally and one vertically (or vice versa)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChessPiece . :Knights_Templar a :Organization . :Knitting :en "knitting" ; :guid "c0021397-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "knit1n" ; :wordnet "knit" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Knitting'' is the Action of weaving pieces of Thread together by hand **or by machine** to make a fabirc. Any period of time during which a Person *or machine* is doing this is an instance of ''Knitting''. CYC: In instances of #$Knitting, a fiber (usually #$Yarn) is formed into a row of a series of loops, then back along the same row making loops through the last set of loops, and so on to form a piece of fabric. When performed non-professionally, usually #$KnittingNeedles are used. For the kind of 'knitting' done by hand with knitting needles,use subtype ''KnittingByHand''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'knit' in WordNet: 1. (2) knit - (make (textiles) by knitting; 'knit a scarf') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assembling, :Attaching, :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thread ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :KnittingByHand :en "knitting by hand" ; :wnsense "knit1n" ; :wordnet "knit" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KnittingByHand'' is the Action of weaving pieces of Thread together by hand using knitting needles Any period of time during which a Person or machine is doing this is an instance of ''Knitting''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CraftingObjects, :Knitting, :Manufacturing, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnittingNeedle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :KnittingNeedle :guid "bf4d3af3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "knitting needle1n" ; :wordnet "knitting needle" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long thin but relatively rigid ''Rod'' used in manipulating ''Yarn'' in ''Knitting''. CYC: Instances of #$KnittingNeedle are pointed, cylindrical shafts made of metal or plastic, from 6 to 16 inches long, from 1/16-inch to a half-inch in diameter, and primarily used in #$Knitting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knitting needle' in WordNet: 1. knitting needle - (needle consisting of a slender rod with pointed ends; usually used in pairs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :HandTool, :Needle, :Shaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnittingByHand ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "15"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Knob :wnsense "knob2n" ; :wordnet "knob" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Knob'' is a Handle that is round, close to spherical (''Ovoidal''), and is just large enough to be grasped conveniently by the hand, to open a door or drawer. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'knob' in WordNet: 2. (1) knob - (a round handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :Handle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ovoidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Door :Drawer :ContainerArtifact :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PullingOnAnObject ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Knocking :causes :KnockingSound ; :ldoce "knock" ; :wnsense "knock2v", "rap2v" ; :wordnet "knock", "rap" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Knocking' is specifically for the Action in which a Person raps more than once the **knuckles** on some hard surface to produce a KnockingSound. The surface may or may not be a door. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'knock' and sense 2 of 'rap' in WordNet: 2. (6) knock - (rap with the knuckles; 'knock on the door') WN erb 'rap' 2. tap, rap, knock, pink - (make light, repeated taps on a surface; 'he was tapping his fingers on the table impatiently') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnockingOnaSurface, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knuckle ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnockingSound ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :KnockingOnaSurface :wnsense "knock2v" ; :wordnet "knock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''KnockingOnaSurface'' is a ''HittingAnObject'' with medium force,sufficient to produce a sound but not strong enough to cause damage to the surface. This is usually done with the hand, but may be done with a hard object manipulated by the hand, such as a door knocker. this can be a single knock or repeated knocks, but for repeated knocks us the subtype ''Knocking''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'knock' in WordNet: 2. (6) knock - (rap with the knuckles; 'knock on the door') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject, :TouchingDeliberately, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnockingSound ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TouchingState ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :KnockingSomethingOver :wnsense "bowl over1v", "knock over1v", "overturn2v", "tip over1v", "tump over1v", "turn over2v", "upset4v" ; :wordnet "bowl over", "knock over", "overturn", "tip over", "tump over", "turn over", "upset" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'KnockingSomethingOver' is an Action that causes a PhysicalObject that is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' to move from a vertical to a horizontal orientation. If the thing knocked over is an open-topped vessel with contents, this will cause a 'spill'. NOTE: some of the labels are also used for upside-down inversion, but these two logical types are distinguishable by the final orientation of the object affected. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knock over' in WordNet: 1. (2) overturn, tip over, turn over, upset, knock over, bowl over, tump over - (cause to overturn from an upright or normal position; 'The cat knocked over the flower vase'; 'the clumsy customer turned over the vase'; 'he tumped over his beer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :KnockingSound :isCausedBy :Colliding ; :ldoce "knock" ; :wnsense "knock1n", "knocking1n" ; :wordnet "knock", "knocking" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sound consisting of more than one short sounds characteristic of solid objects impacting each other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knock' in Wordnet, though in WordNet this is a noun and in COSMO it is an Event, which is the classification for a Sound in COSMO: in WordNet: 1. (2) knock, knocking - (the sound of knocking (as on a door or in an engine or bearing); 'the knocking grew louder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Knockout :wnsense "KO1n", "kayo1n", "knockout2n" ; :wordnet "KO", "kayo", "knockout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Knockout'' is one possible ending of a ''BoxingMatch'', when one ''Boxer' hits another so hard the other falls to the 'mat' and cannot get up for at least ten seconds. NOTE: people may be knocked out in other actions, but this is for the KO in a ''BoxingMatch''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'knockout' in WordNet: 2. knockout, KO, kayo - (a blow that renders the opponent unconscious) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyBlow, :PunchingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boxer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoxingMatch ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Knot :guid "c05cf10e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "knot" ; :wnsense "knot2n" ; :wordnet "knot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A region (part) of a CordlikeObject (or the junction of two CordlikeObjects) that has the shape of a KnotShapedObject, i.e. is tied in a knot. This sense of Knot is for PhysicalObjects; the mathematical sense is not yet (r885) represented. NOTE that two CordlikeObjects that are tied together in a Knot form another CordlikeObject, so a Knot can be considered part of one CordlikeObject. However, if a CordlikeObject is tied in a knot to another object, only the part that is the CordlikeObject is considered as the Knot. CYC: 'KnotConfiguration': The collection of physical configurations of #$CordlikeObject commonly known as knots Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'knot' in WordNet, though this sense is not necessarily a 'fastening', as a 'Knot' may be formed unintentionally: in WordNet: 2. (2) knot - (any of various fastenings formed by looping and tying a rope (or cord) upon itself or to another rope or to another object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Configuration, :TwistedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CordlikeObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnotShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :KnotShaped :guid "bd9bad32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "knot" ; :wnsense "knotted3adj" ; :wordnet "knotted" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A shape consisting of a tangled cord, whether physical or abstract. Cyc uses 'KnotShapedObject' to specify such shapes WordNet does not seem to have a sense for abstract things. See 'knot' for WordNet sense 2, part of a cord or string. Cyc: A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and thus a specialization of #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing (q.v.). This is the collection of all knot-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 3 of 'knotted' in WordNet, but this represents one knot, not many: in WordNet: 3. knotted, knotty, snarled, snarly - (tangled in knots or snarls; 'a mass of knotted string'; 'snarled thread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :Knotting :ldoce "connect" ; :wnsense "knot2v" ; :wordnet "knot" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Knotting'' is a 'TyingTogether' of strings or cords in a way that produces a ''Knot''. This may be done unintentionally. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'knot' in WordNet: 2. (1) knot - (tie or fasten into a knot; 'knot the shoelaces') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TyingTogether, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knot ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :KnowingHowToDoSomething :en "know how to", "knowing how to" ; :ldoce "know" ; :wnsense "know2v" ; :wordnet "know" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KnowingHowToDoSomething'' is a 'KnowingSomething' for which the *something* is a ''Procedure'' for performing some task. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'know' in WordNet: 2. (142) know - (know how to do or perform something; 'She knows how to knit'; 'Does your husband know how to cook?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKnown ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProceduralKnowledge ] . :KnowingHowToSolveaProblem :ldoce "know" ; :wnsense "know2v" ; :wordnet "know" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KnowingHowToSolveaProblem'' is a ''KnowingHowToDoSomething'' in which what is known is ''ProceduralKnowledge'' that allows the knower to solve a problem. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'know' in WordNet: 2. (142) know - (know how to do or perform something; 'She knows how to knit'; 'Does your husband know how to cook?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowingHowToDoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKnown ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemSolvingProcedure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :InferringaProblemSolution ] . :KnowingSomething :ldoce "know" ; :wnsense "know1v", "know2v", "know3v", "knowing1n" ; :wordnet "know", "knowing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'KnowingSomething' is a ''Believing'' for which the Agent who knows something has good reason to believe it. This includes procedural knowledge (know-how), but does not include the 'knowing' of being acquainted with a person or being able to identify a type of thing. ''Knowing'' is a conscious ''Cognition'' in which a Person knows (or thinks s/he knows) some fact. Includes noun senses 1,2, and 3 of 'know' in WordNet: 1. (593) know, cognize, cognise - (be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about; 'I know that the President lied to the people'; 'I want to know who is winning the game!'; 'I know it's time') 2. (142) know - (know how to do or perform something; 'She knows how to knit'; 'Does your husband know how to cook?') 3. (124) know - (be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt; 'I know that I left the key on the table'; 'Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun') WN noun 'knowing': 1. knowing - (a clear and certain mental apprehension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing, :Cognition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKnown ; owl:someValuesFrom :Knowledge ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fact ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKnown ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cognizant ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :Knowingly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Intentional ; :wnsense "knowingly1adv", "wittingly1adv" ; :wordnet "knowingly", "wittingly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'knowingly' in Wordnet: 1. wittingly, knowingly - (with full knowledge and deliberation; 'he wittingly deleted the references') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unintentionally . :Knowledge :ldoce "knowledge" ; :wnsense "knowledge1n" ; :wordnet "knowledge" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Information-Content that is represented in the mind of a 'IntentionalAgent'. Formally in COSMO, Knowledge is a Belief (which can be a combination of Propositions) that is contained in the mind of an IntelligentAgent, and for which the Agent has good reason for Belief, and which is also considered true in the ontology or data representation system being used. Something believed to be true that is not true is an 'ErroneousBelief'. In any quantity of 'Knowledge' there must be some 'Fact's. NOTE that the restriction requires that any instantiation of this type must specify the 'IntelligentAgent' (which can be a Group) that 'knows' the thing. @ToDo: the restriction about 'Fact' should also be 'someValuesFrom'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knowledge' in WordNet: 1. cognition, knowledge, noesis - (the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, :PropositionGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isKnownBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fact ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Known ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :KnowledgeClassificationSystem a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A KnowledgeClassificationSystem is a KOS that includes at least a taxonomy to provide some formal logical relations among the different concepts in the group of concepts being described.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowledgeOrganizationSystem . :KnowledgeOrganizationSystem :FIBO "Concept Scheme" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A KnowledgeOrganizationSystem is a group of assertions that are created for the purpose of systematically describing some field of knowledge. They range from dictionaries through ontologies and executable specifications. Approximately similar to 'Concept Scheme' in FIBO: FIBO scope note: 'A concept scheme may be defined to include concepts from different sources.' FIBO def: 'A set of concepts, optionally including statements about semantic relationships between those concepts. **examples** Thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, folksonomies, and other types of controlled vocabulary are all examples of concept schemes. Concept schemes are also embedded in glossaries and terminologies' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :Information-encoding-system . :Knowledgeable :en "thoroughly acquainted with", "well versed in", "well versed with" ; :wnsense "enlightened1adj", "intimate6adj", "knowing3adj", "knowing4adj", "knowledgeable1adj", "knowledgeable2adj", "knowledgeable3adj", "learned2adj", "lettered1adj", "versed1adj", "well-educated1adj", "well-read2adj" ; :wordnet "enlightened", "intimate", "knowing", "knowledgeable", "learned", "lettered", "versed", "well-educated", "well-read" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Knowledgeable' is the attribute of someone who has a body of Knowledge significantly larger than average; this can be about a particular FieldOfStudy or about Knowledge in general. For more profound depth of knowledge in any field that requires book study (not just practice) use 'Learned'. For the sense of having had a strong academic education, use the subtype 'Well-educated'. The notion of ''is knowledgeable about'' is included in the relations ''knows'' and ''isKnowledgeableAbout''. This includes all three senses of 'knowledgeable' in WordNet. for one included subtype see 'Learned': in WordNet: 1. (1) enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, well-educated, well-read - (highly educated; having extensive information or understanding; 'an enlightened public'; 'knowing instructors'; 'a knowledgeable critic'; 'a knowledgeable audience') 2. knowledgeable, knowing - (alert and fully informed; 'a knowing collector of rare books'; 'surprisingly knowledgeable about what was going on') 3. intimate, knowledgeable, versed - (thoroughly acquainted through study or experience; 'this girl, so intimate with nature'-W.H.Hudson; 'knowledgeable about the technique of painting'- Herbert Read) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonTraitValue . :Known :isTheOppositeOf :Unknown ; :wnsense "known1adj" ; :wordnet "known" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Known'' is an attribute of anything that is known to any IntelligentAgent. This term may be restricted in some contexts to small groups or individuals, in which case the usage would be 'known to ...'. (the relation 'isKnownBy' is related) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'known' in WordNet: 1. (37) known - (apprehended with certainty; 'a known quantity'; 'the limits of the known world'; 'a musician known throughout the world'; 'a known criminal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :KnownToBeFalse :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :LinguisticAssertion ; :ldoce "false", "wrong" ; :wnsense "erroneousadjn", "false1adj", "false2adj", "inaccurate2adj", "incorrect1adj", "wrong1adj" ; :wordnet "erroneous", "false", "inaccurate", "incorrect", "wrong" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """KnownToBeFalse is a level of credibility that applies to an assertion that is contradicted by an assertion that is known to be true, or that violates principles of physics. @ToDo: relation to 'incorrect' (for data?) See also 'False' (instance of TruthValue). Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'false' and sense 1 of 'incorrect' and adjective sense 1 of 'wrong' and adj sense 1 of 'erroneous' in WordNet: 1. (9) false - (not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality; 'gave false testimony under oath'; 'false tales of bravery') 2. (1) false, mistaken - (arising from error; 'a false assumption'; 'a mistaken view of the situation') WN 'incorrect': 1. (1) incorrect, wrong - (not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth; 'an incorrect calculation'; 'the report in the paper is wrong'; 'your information is wrong'; 'the clock showed the wrong time'; 'found themselves on the wrong road'; 'based on the wrong assumptions') WN adj 'erroneous': 1. (1) erroneous, inaccurate - (containing or characterized by error; 'erroneous conclusions'; 'the answer was inaccurate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonConforming, :TruthValue . :KnownToBeTrue :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :LinguisticAssertion ; :ldoce "correct", "right", "true" ; :wnsense "correct1adj", "correct4adj", "right1adj", "true1adj" ; :wordnet "correct", "right", "true" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """KnownToBeTrue is the highest level that can be assigned to a document or other assertion, and should only be applied to something that has had multiple reliable confirmations. Includes adjective senses 1 of 'true' and 1 and 4 of 'correct' and senses 1 and 5 of 'right' in Wordnet: WN 'true': 1. (84) true - (consistent with fact or reality; not false; 'the story is true'; 'it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true'- B. Russell; 'the true meaning of the statement') 1. (6) correct, right - (free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth; 'the correct answer'; 'the correct version'; 'the right answer'; 'took the right road'; 'the right decision') 4. right, correct - (correct in opinion or judgment; 'time proved him right') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TruthValue . :Knuckle :guid "bd58e8fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Finger ; :wnsense "knuckle1n" ; :wordnet "knuckle" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Knuckle, is the region on the outer surface of a finger, over the middle segment of the finger. Only some animals have Knuckles, but it is not restricted to humans. SUMO: Any joint in a Finger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'knuckle' in Wordnet: 1. (3) knuckle, knuckle joint, metacarpophalangeal joint - (a joint of a finger when the fist is closed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Joint-AnimalBodyPart, :Surface-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finger ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Koala :guid "bd58ef4c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "koala bear1n", "koala1n" ; :wordnet "koala", "koala bear" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Australian marsupials which eat only eucalyptus leaves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'koala' in WordNet: 1. koala, koala bear, kangaroo bear, native bear, Phascolarctos cinereus - (sluggish tailless Australian arboreal marsupial with grey furry ears and coat; feeds on eucalyptus leaves and bark) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Marsupial . :Koran :wnsense "Koran1n", "Quran1n" ; :wordnet "Koran", "Quran" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Koran'' is the original sacred text of Islam. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Koran' in Wordnet: 1. Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an, Book - (the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scripture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Islam ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimGroup ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ] . :Korea-North a :Country . :Korea-South a :Country . :Korean :pertainsTo :Korea-North, :Korea-South, :KoreanPeninsula ; :wnsense "Korean1adj" ; :wordnet "Korean" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Korean'' pertains to the country of ''Korea-South'' or to the 'Korea-North' or to the people of Korea or to artifacts or practices or other things repreentative of Korea and its people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Korean' in WordNet: 1. (1) Korean - (of or relating to or characteristic of Korea or its people or language; 'Korean handicrafts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :KoreanPeninsula :wnsense "Dae-Han-Min-Gook1n", "Han-Gook1n", "Korea1n", "Korean Peninsula1n" ; :wordnet "Dae-Han-Min-Gook", "Han-Gook", "Korea", "Korean Peninsula" ; a :Peninsula ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Korean Peninsula' in WordNet: 1. (4) Korea, Korean Peninsula, Dae-Han-Min-Gook, Han-Gook - (an Asian peninsula (off Manchuria) separating the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan; the Korean name is Dae-Han-Min-Gook or Han-Gook) """ . :KoreanPerson :guid "bd58d174-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Korean1n" ; :wordnet "Korean" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: These are the people who live in or are from Korea (either north or south). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Korean' in WordNet: 1. (1) Korean - (a native or inhabitant of Korea who speaks the Korean language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality . :Kosher :isAnAttributeValueOf :KosherFood, :KosherFoodObject ; :wnsense "cosher1adj", "kosher1adj" ; :wordnet "cosher", "kosher" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Kosher'' is the attribute of objects and Actions that conform to the Jewish dietary laws. This is applied not only to the foods and ''FoodObject''s that are observant Jews are allowed to eat, but to the procedures for preparing foods, such as the manner of slaughtering animals for food, and the segregation of tableware used to handle meat and dairy products. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'kosher' in Wordnet: 1. (1) kosher, cosher - (conforming to dietary laws; 'kosher meat'; 'a kosher kitchen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :KosherFood :en "kosher food" ; :enn "kosher food" ; :guid "3f98c38c-567b-41d7-8b0b-ded33b166df3" ; :wnsense "kosher1n" ; :wordnet "kosher" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all food that may be eaten according to the #$KosherCodeOfConduct. This is a substance, and food objectg that are Kosher will be categorized as KosherFoodObjects. Corresponds to part (for Food substances) of noun sense 1 of 'kosher' in WordNet: 1. kosher - (food that fulfills the requirements of Jewish dietary law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cuisine, :CulturalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kosher ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :KosherFoodObject :en "kosher food object" ; :enn "kosher food object" ; :guid "3f98c38c-567b-41d7-8b0b-ded33b166df3" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all organic food objects that may be eaten according to the #$KosherCodeOfConduct. This is a substance, and ''FoodObject''s that are ''Kosher'' are categorized as ''KosherFoodObject''s. Corresponds to part (for FoodObjects) of noun sense 1 of 'kosher' in WordNet: 1. kosher - (food that fulfills the requirements of Jewish dietary law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KosherFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kosher ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Krill :wnsense "krill1n" ; :wordnet "krill" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'krill' in WordNet: 1. krill - (shrimp-like planktonic crustaceans; major source of food for e.g. baleen whales) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalacostracanCrustacean . :Krypton :guid "bd5882db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "36"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Kr1n", "krypton1n" ; :wordnet "Kr", "krypton" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of Krypton in stuffeous form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'krypton' in WordNet: 1. krypton, Kr, atomic number 36 - (a colorless element that is one of the six inert gases; occurs in trace amounts in air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Gas, :NonMetal . :Kundalini :en "kundalini" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'kundalini' (Hinduism): the vital force lying dormant within one until activated by the practice of yoga, which leads one toward spiritual power and eventual salvation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salvation ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Kurd :wnsense "Kurd1n" ; :wordnet "Kurd" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person who lives in, was born in, is a citizen of, or has an ancestry derived mostly from the MiddleEast region called ''Kurdistan''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kurd' in WordNet: 1. Kurd - (a member of a largely pastoral Islamic people who live in Kurdistan; the largest ethnic group without their own state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AsianPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kurdistan ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Kurdish :pertainsTo :Kurd, :Kurdistan ; :wnsense "Kurdish1adj" ; :wordnet "Kurdish" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Kurdish' in WordNet: 1. Kurdish - (of or relating to Kurdistan or the Kurds or their language and culture; 'Kurdish Moslems') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Kurdistan :isLocatedAt :MiddleEast ; :wnsense "Kurdistan1n" ; :wordnet "Kurdistan" ; a :GeographicalRegion ; rdfs:comment """''Kurdistan'' is an instance of ''GeographicalRegion'' in the 'MiddleEast'' including parts of Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kurdistan' in WordNet: 1. Kurdistan - (an extensive geographical region in the Middle East south of the Caucasus) """ . :Kurta :wnsense "kurta1n" ; :wordnet "kurta" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kurta' in WordNet: 1. kurta - (a loose collarless shirt worn by many people on the Indian subcontinent (usually with a salwar or churidars or pyjama)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shirt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Collar ; owl:onProperty :lacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LooseFitting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IndianPerson ; owl:onProperty :isMostlyWornBy ] . :Kuwait :wnsense "Kuwait2n" ; :wordnet "Kuwait" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kuwait' in Wordnet: 2. Kuwait, State of Kuwait, Koweit - (an Arab kingdom in Asia on the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf; a major source of petroleum) """ . :Kuwaiti :pertainsTo :Kuwait, :KuwaitiPerson ; :wnsense "Kuwaiti1adj" ; :wordnet "Kuwaiti" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Kuwaiti'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Kuwait'' or a ''KuwaitiPerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'K'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Kuwaiti' in Wordnet: 1. Kuwaiti - (of or relating to the kingdom of Kuwait or its people; 'Kuwaiti ports') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :KuwaitiPerson :wnsense "Kuwaiti1n" ; :wordnet "Kuwaiti" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Kuwaiti' in WordNet: 1. Kuwaiti - (a native or inhabitant of Kuwait) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kuwait ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Kyrgyzstan a :Country . :L-shaped :wnsense "L-shaped1adj" ; :wordnet "L-shaped" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something 'L-shaped'' has a shape (looking from the side) of the letter 'L' - though it may be three-dimensional. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'L-shaped' in WordNet: 1. L-shaped - (shaped in the form of the letter L) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angular, :ShapeAttribute . :LANG_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for the codes that identify a language - mostly used for human languages.""" . :LDOCElabels :query """ PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?type ?query WHERE { ?type cosmo:?ldoce ?ldoce } """ ; a :SPARQL-Query . :LSD :guid "befe7500-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "LSD1n", "lysergic acid diethylamide1n" ; :wordnet "LSD", "lysergic acid diethylamide" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Lysergic acid diethylamide - a hallucinogenic agent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lsd' in WordNet: 1. lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD - (a powerful hallucinogenic drug manufactured from lysergic acid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, :DrugSubstance, :Hallucinogen . :LT_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used to specify a LessThanNumber, as a lower limit quantifier.""" . :LT_1 :hasUpperLimit "1"^^xsd:float ; a :LessThanNumber, :NonnegativeInt . :LabCoat :wnsense "lab coat1n", "laboratory coat1n" ; :wordnet "lab coat", "laboratory coat" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LabCoat is a lightweight coat-like Garment, typically buttoned down the front, usually extending to the knees or below, which is designed to protect the wearer and the wearer's clothing from contact with materials that are toxic, corrosive, or otherwise damaging, while working in a laboratory, medical facility, or laboratory-like environment. A shortened form of 'Laboratory Coat'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lab coat' in WordNet: 1. lab coat, laboratory coat - (a light coat worn to protect clothing from substances used while working in a laboratory) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterGarment . :LabRat :en "lab rat" ; :enn "lab rat" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LabRat'' is a ''Rat'' that is a ''LaboratoryAnimal'', typically specifically bred for that purpose with a known genetic inheritance and therefore a relatively consistent response to experimental conditions. They are usually white, but not necessarily. NOTE: the term 'lab rat' is also used metaphorically for any animal(s), including people, who are used as experimental subjects in some form of 'research', foral or informal. Simiar to the use of 'Guinea pig'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LaboratoryAnimal, :Rat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LaboratoryResearch ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :Label :wnsense "designation1n", "label1n" ; :wordnet "designation", "label" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Label'' is a ''Name'' consisting of one or a small number of words intended to indicate the 'type' or 'category' to which the labeled thing belongs. This is not the name of an Individual thing, but of a type. The words used in this COSMO ontology to distinguish the different entities that are identified by rdf:ID=\"XXX\" are examples of a ''Label'' The closest noun sense of 'label' in WordNet is sense 1, but that is called a 'description'. Tis type is only a 'description' to the extent that the ''Label'' may already be known by the Person to whom it is a sufficient 'descripton' of the category of the thing labeled. in WordNet: 1. (3) label - (a brief description given for purposes of identification; \"the label Modern is applied to many different kinds of architecture\") WN and includes part of noun sense 1 'designation': 1. (2) appellation, denomination, designation, appellative - (identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Name . :Labelling :guid "bd590bcd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "label2v" ; :wordnet "label" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Labelling'' is a broad category of Actions in which an Agent applies a physical ''Label'' (which can be a 'mark' on the surface) to some PhysicalObject so as to inform other Agents of the identity or of some properties of the object. The ''Label'' may be written or stamped on the object, *or* applied by ''Attaching'' a separate object (w.g. a ''Tag'') to the object to be described. This is braoder than the related CYC type 'LabellingAProduct'. The parent type 'attaching' is taken to include marking on a surface, though that is only one form of labeling. NOTE that the term ''Identifying'' is used in COSMO for the act of discovering the identity of something by oservation, *not* this type, the asserting of identity to others by some physical identifier.. CYC ('LabellingAProduct') A collection of events. In each #$LabellingAProduct, a label is attached to a product, typically in order to promote the sale of that product. The label may be fastened by any means of connection, including glue, staples, and sewing. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'label' in WordNet: 2. (3) tag, label, mark - (attach a tag or label to; 'label these bottles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attaching, :DescribingAnObject . :LabiaMajora :guid "c06c68ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :FemaleAnimal ; :wnsense "labia majora1n" ; :wordnet "labia majora" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all labia majora. An instance of #$LabiaMajora is one of a pair of folds of fatty tissue which extend from the front of the #$Vulva almost to the #$Anus and protect the inner genitals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'labia majora' in WordNet: 1. labia majora - (the two outer folds of the vulva) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart-Female, :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalSexOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vulva ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :LabiaMinora :guid "bdc1dc6f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :FemaleAnimal ; :wnsense "labia minora1n" ; :wordnet "labia minora" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all labia minora. An instance of #$LabiaMinora is one of a pair of folds of fatty tissue located just inside the #$LabiaMajora that enclose the openings of the #$Urethra and #$Vagina. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'labia minora' in WordNet: 1. labia minora - (the two inner folds of the vulva) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart-Female, :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalSexOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vulva ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Labor :ldoce "labor" ; :wnsense "dig3v", "drudge1v", "grind4v", "labor1n", "labor1v", "labour1v", "labour4n", "moil1v", "toil1n", "toil1v", "travail1v" ; :wordnet "dig", "drudge", "grind", "labor", "labour", "moil", "toil", "travail" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of 'work' that is performed for wages or some other valuable reward.. Perhaps the verb 'labor' should be a subtype for 'hard work'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'labor' in WordNet: 1. (21) labor, labour, toil - (productive work (especially physical work done for wages); 'his labor did not require a great deal of skill') WN verb 'labor': 1. (2) labor, labour, toil, fag, travail, grind, drudge, dig, moil - (work hard; \"She was digging away at her math homework\"; \"Lexicographers drudge all day long\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaidTask . :LaborProcess :wnsense "childbed1n", "confinement1n", "labor3n", "labour2n", "lying-in1n", "parturiency1n", "travail1n" ; :wordnet "childbed", "confinement", "labor", "labour", "lying-in", "parturiency", "travail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LaborProcess'' is the final stage of Pregnany and a subEvent of a ''BirthEvent''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'labor' in WordNet: 3. parturiency, labor, labour, confinement, lying-in, travail, childbed - (concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of labor to the birth of a child; 'she was in labor for six hours') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirthEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :FemaleAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :typicallyStarts ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pregnancy ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFinishes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pregnancy ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ] . :LaborUnion :ldoce "union" ; :wnsense "labor_union1n", "union1n" ; :wordnet "labor_union", "union" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Organization most of whose members are employed for pay. This applies to the individual locals as well as to the umbrella organization. NOTE1 that a COSMO ''LaborUnion'' can be a 'local' or a larger Organization with multiple local branches. NOTE2: in COSMO a union member is called by the synonym ''Unionist'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'union' and sense 1 of 'labor union' in WordNet: 1. (27) union, labor union, trade union, trades union, brotherhood - (an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer; 'you have to join the union in order to get a job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Unionist ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Laboratory :guid "c0fbc7df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity :Research ; :wnsense "lab1n", "laboratory1n" ; :wordnet "lab", "laboratory" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Building, Room or suite of Rooms where scientific research, i.e. Experimenting, is conducted. The term 'laboratory' is sometimes used to refer to a group of buildings, but in COSMO it is limited to at most one building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laboratory' in Wordnet: 1. (20) lab, laboratory, research lab, research laboratory, science lab, science laboratory - (a workplace for the conduct of scientific research) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LaboratoryResearch ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :LaboratoryAnimal :en "laboratory animal" ; :enn "laboratory animal" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LaboratoryAnimal'' is a ''CaptiveAnimal'' that is in captivity.in a ''Laboratory'' or is located at a breeder that breeds ''LaboratoryAnimal''s. NOTE: the restriction 'inhabits' ''Laboratory'' is used loosely, as the ''LaboratoryAnimal''s still at a breeder are also considered as ''LaboratoryAnimal''s. Maybe should be more specific? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CaptiveAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LaboratoryResearch ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laboratory ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :LaboratoryResearch :en "laboratory research" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LaboratoryResearch'' is ''ExperimentalResearch'' that is performed in a ''Laboratory''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExperimentalResearch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laboratory ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :LaboratoryRetort :wnsense "retort2n" ; :wordnet "retort" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LaboratoryRetort'' is an all-glass conatainer with a round container portion and a long almost horizontal arm that can be used for distillation or reactions that produce vapors that move through the arm and can be condensed. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'retort' in WordNet: 2. retort - (a vessel where substances are distilled or decomposed by heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chemist ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LaboratoryResearch ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Lace :hasShape :WebLike ; :wnsense "lace2n" ; :wordnet "lace" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fabric'' characterized not by its composition but by its appearance and geometrical arrangement, having threads crossed in various patterns with multiple visible openings amongs the threads. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lace' in Wordnet: 2. lace - (a delicate decorative fabric woven in an open web of symmetrical patterns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, :FibrousSubstance, :SilkOrLace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thread ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WebLike ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Delicate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fancy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LaceratingSomething :eng "lacerating" ; :wnsense "lacerate1v" ; :wordnet "lacerate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LaceratingSomething'' is a ''ScratchingSomething'' that does not cause separation of an object into more than one piece, but creates a linear opening (a 'cut') in the surface, and that opening has rough rather thansmooth edges, as would be created by a sharp knife. This is most often used for lacerating skin, with an object other than a knife, such as a nail or barbed object. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lacerate' in WordNet: 1. (2) lacerate - (cut or tear irregularly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laceration ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Laceration :wnsense "laceration1n" ; :wordnet "laceration" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Laceration'' is a ''Cut'' (a ''Wound'') in the skin that is small, long,and narrow, and rough-edged, and produced by a 'LaceratingSomething'' Event. A ''Laceration'' differs from a 'scratch' in penetrating thrugh the skin to the tissue beneath the skin,making an ''Opening'' through the skin to the inside. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laceration' in WordNet: 1. laceration - (a torn ragged wound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cut, :DepressionOnObject, :LineOnaSurface, :Opening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LaceratingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jagged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LachrymationInducingStuff :guid "f1db3b9e-caaa-41d7-8927-ce8a9bfa2d08" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all samples of substances that can induce lachrymation (excessive tearing) in animals.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousSubstance . :Lacing :wnsense "lace1n", "lacing2n" ; :wordnet "lace", "lacing" ; a :FastenerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Cord that is an ArtifactObject used for holding together two or more objects (or two parts of the same object) by passing it through the objects (often through holes specifically designed for a fastener, as with shoes and shoelaces) and either tying the ends of the 'Lacing' together, or holding the ends to the fastened object by some other means. The protype is a shoelace. It may but does not necessarily form a loop when in use. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lacing' in Wordnet: 1. lace, lacing - (a cord that is drawn through eyelets or around hooks in order to draw together two edges (as of a shoe or garment)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cord, :Fastener . :Lack :ldoce "lack" ; :wnsense "lack1n" ; :wordnet "lack" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Lack' is an Absence of something that may be needed for some purpose.. The use of this type implies the existence of some agent's purpose which is inhibited by the Absence of something needed or helpful to that purpose. The restriction requires that the think lacking must be specified, in order to use this type ('a lack of X') **NOTE: this is a *complete* absence. For an insufficiency of something needed see ''Shortage'' and the quantitative measure of how much is missing ''Deficit''. See the related 'LackingSomething' (disjoint with 'HavingSomething') to represent the 'PersistentState' that exists in a case of 'Lack'. NOTE that as a subtype of 'Absence' the missing thing is also specified by 'hadMissingThing' relation, which here is redundant with 'isTheAbsenceOf' - @ToDo: make it a subproperty? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lack' in WordNet: 1. (42) lack, deficiency, want - (the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; 'there is a serious lack of insight into the problem'; 'water is the critical deficiency in desert regions'; 'for want of a nail the shoe was lost') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DesiredFutureSituation :Object :ObjectType :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :LackOfEmotion :en "lack of emotion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LackOfEmotion'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is an ''Emotion''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmotionalState ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Lacking :en "devoid of" ; :enadj "devoid of" ; :wnsense "devoid1adj", "lacking2adj" ; :wordnet "devoid", "lacking" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lacking'' is an attribute of things that do not have or contain something (whether desirable or not). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lacking' in WordNet: 1. (5) lacking, missing, nonexistent, wanting - (not existing; 'innovation has been sadly lacking'; 'character development is missing from the book') WN adj 'devoid': 1. devoid - (completely lacking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nonexistent . :LackingAnOccupant :wnsense "vacancy1n" ; :wordnet "vacancy" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LackingAnOccupant'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is a ''Person'' in the Role of an Occupant (such as a ''Resident'' of a living quarter or an ''Employee'' for an ''EmploymentPosition'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vacancy' in WordNet: 1. (3) vacancy - (being unoccupied) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Residence :RentalProperty :EmploymentPosition :LocationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vacant ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vacant ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resident :Employee :PersonType ) ] ] . :LackingElectricalPower :en "being without electric power", "being without electrical power", "being without power" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LackingElectricalPower'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is a ''ElectricalPower''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Residence :RentalProperty :EmploymentPosition :LocationType ) ] ] . :LackingHair a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LackingHair'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is hair in some location (whole body or part) where hair normally is present. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hairless ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hair ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ] . :LackingHeadHair :en "being bald", "lacking head hair" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LackingHeadHair'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is head hair. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingHair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bald ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairOnHead ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ] . :LackingProperDocuments :en "being undocumented", "lacking proper documents" ; :enn "being undocumented", "lacking proper documents" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LackingProperDocuments'' state is a ''LackingSomething'' (a PersistentState) in which the thing lacked is an ''OfficialDocument''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OfficialDocument ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NegativeConsequence ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undocumented ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :LackingSleeves :en "lacking sleeves" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LackingSleeves'' condition is a 'LackingSomething' (a PersistentState) that is a state of a ''Clothing-Top'' in which the thing lacked is a ''SleeveOfGarment'' This is .needed to fill in the meaning of attribute ''Sleeveless''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothing-Top ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleeveless ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleeveOfGarment ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ] . :LackingSomething :ldoce "lack" ; :wnsense "deficiency1n", "lack1v", "want2n" ; :wordnet "deficiency", "lack", "want" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'LackingSomething' is a PersistentState in which something - anything, animate or inanimate, physical or abstract - **does not** 'have' something else in some sense. This is very broad, and the Thing lacked may not be needed for any purpose. For a ''LackingSomething'' where the Thing laced is needed for a purpose, use the subtype ''Shortage''. This is very broad: the 'agent'of the 'agentLacks' relation can be any Object (animate or inanimate) or Place, and the object (thing lacked) can be anything. For a quantitative measure of a 'deficiency' see ''Deficit''. @ToDo: relate these??? THe relation 'lacks' can point to the thing absent. That relation has the entity which lacks something as the subject - how to relate that to this state? The meaning of 'LackingSomething' is that one does not 'have' that thing. Thus it is related to 'HavingSomething' by being contradictory to 'HavingSomething' for the thing that cannot be both had and lacked at the same time. Expressing this meaning will require an FOL axiom. See also 'Lack' (an Absence) for complete absence: Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'lack' in WordNet: WN 'lack' 1. (31) miss, lack - (be without; 'This soup lacks salt'; 'There is something missing in my jewellery box!') WN noun 'deficiency': 1. (6) lack, deficiency, want - (the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; 'there is a serious lack of insight into the problem'; 'water is the critical deficiency in desert regions'; 'for want of a nail the shoe was lost') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insufficient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scarce ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :LackingaFunction a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most generic type for AttributeValues that express the notion that something lacks a function. Some subtypes such as 'blind' apply only to functions that the object's type would normally have, but other subtypes can merely specify that an object lacks a function, even if such objects normally lack that function. Thus one might refer to 'blind' people, but 'sightless' worms. See subtype ''Impaired''for the more common term. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Laconic :isTheOppositeOf :Verbose ; :wnsense "curt2adj", "laconic1adj", "terse1adj" ; :wordnet "curt", "laconic", "terse" ; a :AppearanceType, :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Laconic'' is an attribute of a Person who uses or tends to use the fewest number of words to express a thought, and is also the attribute of phrases, sentences or longer passages that are 'terse' - no longer than necessary. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'laconic' in Wordnet: 1. crisp, curt, laconic, terse - (brief and to the point; effectively cut short; 'a crisp retort'; 'a response so curt as to be almost rude'; 'the laconic reply; 'yes''; 'short and terse and easy to understand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Lactose :wnsense "lactose1n", "milk sugar1n" ; :wordnet "lactose", "milk sugar" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lactose'' is the ''Disaccharide'' found in the milk of mammals. People with 'lactose intolerance' have difficulty metabolizing this substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lactose' in WordNet: 1. lactose, milk sugar - (a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk; 'cow's milk contains about 4.7% lactose') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disaccharide . :Lad :wnsense "cub2n", "lad2n", "laddie1n", "sonny boy1n", "sonny1n" ; :wordnet "cub", "lad", "laddie", "sonny", "sonny boy" ; a :LifeStageType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lad'' and various other terms are informal ways to refer to a male human (a ''Boy''), used mostly as terms of address. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lad' in WordNet: 2. (1) cub, lad, laddie, sonny, sonny boy - (a male child (a familiar term of address to a boy)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boy . :Ladder :guid "bd58e443-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ladder" ; :wnsense "ladder1n" ; :wordnet "ladder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An Artifact which consists of two parallel supports connected by a series of rungs which can be used to ascend or descend. The minimum cardinality of the ''Rung''s is 2, so this type will include short step-stools. NOTE that some ladders have 'rungs', which are round, and others have flat steps. Not clear how to specify this type of structure in the general case. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ladder' in WordNet: 1. (5) ladder - (steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :NonPoweredDevice, :Path-Physical, :Path-Simple, :SupportingObject, :Tool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rung ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :LadiesRoom :wnsense "ladies' room1n", "powder room1n" ; :wordnet "ladies' room", "powder room" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PublicRestroom designated for use by women (and not men). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ladies' room' in WordNet: 1. ladies' room, powder room - (a woman's restroom in a public (or semipublic) building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicRestroom . :Ladle :guid "bd588c5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ladle1n" ; :wordnet "ladle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large spoon with a deep basin used to ladle out soup, punch, etc. The thing ladled does not necessarily have to be a liquid, but it will behave like a liquid in this case, as for a ladleful of peas. The restriction requires that some liquid be specified, as a ''Ladle'' must be able to convey a liquid, even if it is used for other purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ladle' in Wordnet: 1. ladle - (a spoon-shaped vessel with a long handle; used to transfer liquids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServingSpoon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConveyingaLiquid ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Lady :ldoce "lady" ; :wnsense "lady1n" ; :wordnet "lady" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Lady' is a Woman who is not considered as contemptible by the person using this concept in discussion.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lady' in WordNet: 1. (27)lady - (a polite name for any woman; 'a nice lady at the library helped me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Woman . :LadyFriend :wnsense "girl4n", "girlfriend2n", "lady friend1n" ; :wordnet "girl", "girlfriend", "lady friend" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''LadyFriend'' is a ''Woman'' who is a''Lover'' of the same Person of whom she is the ''LadyFriend''.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'girlfriend' in WordNet: 2. (1) girlfriend, girl, lady friend - (a girl or young woman with whom a man is romantically involved;'his girlfriend kicked him out') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lover, :Woman . :LadyNoble :ldoce "lady" ; :wnsense "lady3n" ; :wordnet "lady" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LadyNoble' is a FemalePerson who has inherited or been granted the title of 'Lady',a title of nobility in some countries. An inherited title does not need to be held by an adult. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'lady' in WordNet: 3. Lady, noblewoman, peeress - (a woman of the peerage in Britain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :MemberOfTheNobility . :Ladybug :guid "c0fd610e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ladybird1n", "ladybug1n" ; :wordnet "ladybird", "ladybug" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ladybug' in WordNet: 1. ladybug, ladybeetle, lady beetle, ladybird, ladybird beetle - (small round bright-colored and spotted beetle that usually feeds on aphids and other insect pests) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beetle . :Ladyship :wnsense "Ladyship1n" ; :wordnet "Ladyship" ; a :FormOfAddress ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ladyship' in WordNet: 1. Ladyship - (a title used to address any peeress except a duchess; 'Your Ladyship'; 'Her Ladyship') """ . :Lagoon :guid "bd58f3f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lagoon1n" ; :wordnet "lagoon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a ''Lagoon'' surrounded by **a Reef in an Ocean**. This is *not* the 'pond' 'lagoon or lagune' described by RHW sense 2 (see parent ''Lagoon-Generic''). 'Also, *not* a 'lagune. any small, pondlike body of water, esp. one connected with a larger body of water'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lagoon' in WordNet: 1. (12) lagoon, laguna, lagune - (a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lagoon-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Reef ] . :Lagoon-Generic :guid "bd58f3f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lagoon1n", "laguna1n", "lagune1n" ; :wordnet "lagoon", "laguna", "lagune" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For the 'lagoon' surrounded by an Atoll use subtype ''Lagoon'. RHW: 1. an area of shallow water separated from the sea by low sandy dunes. Cf. laguna. 2. Also, lagune. any small, pondlike body of water, esp. one connected with a larger body of water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lagoon' in WordNet: 1. (12) lagoon, laguna, lagune - (a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lake, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater-Large ] . :Laid :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PuttingSomethingDown ; :wnsense "laid1adj", "set4adj" ; :wordnet "laid", "set" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'laid' in Wordnet: 1. (1) laid, set - (set down according to a plan: 'a carefully laid table with places set for four people'; 'stones laid in a pattern') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Laity :wnsense "laity1n", "temporalty2n" ; :wordnet "laity", "temporalty" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Laity'' is a term for the ''GroupOfPeople'' each of which is a ''Layman'' (of any sex or age), i.e. not a member of the'clergy'. This is used mostly with repect to Christian belief ommunities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laity' in WordNet: 1. (3) laity, temporalty - (in Christianity, members of a religious community that do not have the priestly responsibilities of ordained clergy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Layman ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] ; owl:disjointWith :Cleric . :Lake :guid "bd58b822-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lake" ; :wnsense "lake1n" ; :wordnet "lake" ; a :LiquidObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BodyOfWater. Each instance of #$Lake is a land-locked body of water, typically but not necessarily of fresh water. Two important specializations are #$FreshWaterLake (instances of which are fresh-water lakes) and #$InlandSea (instances of which are salt-water lakes). Instances include #$LakeMaracaibo, #$LakeWinnipeg, #$LakeTanganyika, #$LochNess-Lake, #$LakeErie, #$LakeTahoe, #$CaspianSea, and #$DeadSea. A Lake can be very large, but under a certain size a body of water is no longer referred to as a 'Lake', but as a 'pond. The restriction requires that a 'Lake' be at least 100 meters wide at its widest diameter. Something smaller (such as a 'pond') may be called by the locals as a 'Lake' but it will not logically be a 'Lake' in the COSMO classification. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lake' in WordNet: 1. (3) lake - (a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :LakeBed :wnsense "lake bed1n", "lake bottom1n" ; :wordnet "lake bed", "lake bottom" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LakeBed'' is the thin layer of ground or artificial solid that underlies a ''Lake''. In COSMO a ''Lake'' or other BodyOfWater includes the ''LakeBed'' or StreamBed, so this is part of the ''Lake''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lake bed' in WordNet: 1. lake bed, lake bottom - (the bottom of a lake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterBodyBed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lake ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :LakeColor :guid "4b0a1f44-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reddish . :LakeMead a :Lake ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lake Mead' in WordNet: 1. Lake Mead - (the largest reservoir in the United States; located in southeastern Nevada and northwestern Arizona and formed by the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River; the center of a recreational area) """ . :LakeMeadAndBlackCanyon :hasComponentElement :ColoradoBlackCanyon, :LakeMead ; a :Group, :Pair . :Lamb :ldoce "lamb" ; :wnsense "lamb1n" ; :wordnet "lamb" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young Sheep. SUMO: A young Sheep, i.e. a Sheep that is 'NonFullyFormed' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lamb' in WordNet: 1. (5) lamb - (young sheep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JuvenileAnimal, :Sheep ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Sheep :JuvenileAnimal ) ] . :Lame :wnsense "crippled1adj", "game1adj", "gimpy1adj", "halt1adj", "lame2adj" ; :wordnet "crippled", "game", "gimpy", "halt", "lame" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of an animal that has diminished ability to use the legs for locomotion. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lame' in Wordnet: 2. crippled, halt, halting, lame, gimpy, game - (disabled in the feet or legs; 'a crippled soldier'; 'a game leg') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impaired . :Lamentation :wnsense "lament1n", "lamentation1n", "plaint1n", "wail1n" ; :wordnet "lament", "lamentation", "plaint", "wail" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lamentation'' is a loud ''Cry'' expressing ''Sorrow' or ''Grief''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lamentation' in WordNet: 1. (2) lament, lamentation, plaint, wail - (a cry of sorrow and grief; 'their pitiful laments could be heard throughout the ward') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cry, :ExpressingEmotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grief ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Lamenting :wnsense "bemoan1v", "bewail1v", "deplore2v", "lament2v" ; :wordnet "bemoan", "bewail", "deplore", "lament" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Lamenting'' is a strong Feeling of ''Regret'' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lament' in WordNet: 2. deplore, lament, bewail, bemoan - (regret strongly; 'I deplore this hostile action'; 'we lamented the loss of benefits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Regret, :Sorrow . :Laminating :en "laminating" ; :guid "c0d7b129-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "laminate3v" ; :wordnet "laminate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the CYC action 'Laminating' has been redefined to a broader sense in which anything (not only paper or plastic) is covered by a sheet of anything (not just transparent palstic). This includes the CYC sense, but also includes adding layers on top of wood or metal (see the subtype 'PlatingMetal'). The thing covered does not itself have to be sheet-like; a layer can be added to a face of a perfect cube. CYC:The collection of events in which a sheet of paper or plastic is fully covered in a skin-like enclosure of transparent plastic. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'laminate' in WordNet: 3. laminate - (cover with a thin sheet; 'laminate the table') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoveringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :SheetOfSomeStuff ] . :Lamp :isaSourceOf :VisibleLight ; :wnsense "lamp1n" ; :wordnet "lamp" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device that provides visible light and consists of some components that hold the light source. The light source itself, e.g a light bulb or candle or other combustible object is not itself in this category (see ''Candle''). Modern lamps are typically electrical, but lamps such as oil lamps using combustible materials are also included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lamp' in Wordnet: 1. (12) lamp - (an artificial source of visible illumination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LampLight ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ] . :LampLight :en "lamp-light" ; :wnsense "lamplight1n" ; :wordnet "lamplight" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The light that comes from a lamp. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lamplight' in Wordnet: 1. (2) lamplight - (light from a lamp) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisibleLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lamp ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :LampShade :en "lamp-shade" ; :guid "bd58911d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lampshade1n" ; :wordnet "lampshade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The part of a lamp which filters the light of the bulb. The restriction says that it hinders 'Light', and since 'Light' is an Event, this means that it hinders the passage of 'Light'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lampshade' in Wordnet: 1. lampshade, lamp shade - (a protective ornamental shade used to screen a light bulb from direct view) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :SheetlikeBarrier, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lamp ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LampLight ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightEmittingComponent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Lamppost :guid "c0fcf365-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lamppost1n" ; :wordnet "lamppost" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An outdoor lamppost attached to a streetlight. NOTE: this type is specified as 'adjacentto' a 'PathArtifact' not just a 'Roadway'' because it may illuminate a walkway in a park or a parking lot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lamppost' in WordNet: 1. lamppost - (a metal post supporting an outdoor lamp (such as a streetlight)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :VerticalPost, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PathArtifact ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :LandArea :guid "be66109c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "land" ; :wnsense "land3n", "solid ground1n", "terra firma1n" ; :wordnet "land", "solid ground", "terra firma" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The physical material at the surface of a ''GeographicalRegion'', including structures, that is mostly solid and is not located on a BodyOfWater, although (1) it may contain some body of water that is less than half its total mass (e.g. a continent) and (2) may be located under a BodyOfWater, such as a river bed or ocean bottom. Being a LandArea specifies that an object is composed of land and is located near the surface of the Earth, but does not require that the land area be exposed to the atmosphere. For the latter, use 'DryLand' A 'LandArea' will have a measure of Area representing the planar figure contained within the borders, and parallel to the Earth's surface. This is the usual area measure of a piece of land. NOTE that a 'LandArea' can also be the ground **under** a body of water. LandArea is not disjoint with BodyOfWater. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'land' in WordNet: 3. (11) land, dry land, earth, ground, solid ground, terra firma (the solid part of the earth's surface; 'the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land'; 'the earth shook for several minutes'; 'he dropped the logs on the ground') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateThing, :PlanetarySurfaceObject, :SolidObject, :TopographicalFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandStuff ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DryLand ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :LandBody :en "body of land" ; :enn "body of land" ; :guid "bd58e9d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of geographical regions. Each instance of #$LandBody is a cohesive chunk of land surrounded by one or more bordering bodies of water. Types of #$LandBody include the specializations #$Island and #$TrueContinent. Instances include #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$Trinidad-Island, and #$Crete-Island-Greece. Areas of land defined by human occupation or political boundaries, for example, #$NorthernCalifornia or #$NorthernIreland, are instances of #$GeographicalRegion, but not of #$LandBody. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTopographicalFeature, :LargeObject . :LandLord :wnsense "landlord1n" ; :wordnet "landlord" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LandLord'' is a ''LandOwner''who owns and leases some rented property (a ''RentalProperty''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landlord' in WordNet: 1. (3) landlord - (a landowner who leases to others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandOwner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom :RentalProperty ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RentingOutProperty ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :LandMass :guid "bf0af1eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "landmass1n" ; :wordnet "landmass" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection large topographical features distinguished from the surrounding features by abrupt and clearly delineated boundaries, generally by being of of higher altitude. Examples include #$Continents, large #$Islands, and bulges rising above the 'datum' of planetary bodies are all elements of this collection. Instances include #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica on #$PlanetEarth, Ishtar Terra on #$PlanetVenus, Tempa Terra on #$PlanetMars, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landmass ' in Wordnet: 1. (2) landmass - (a large continuous extent of land) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandBody . :LandMine :guid "bdf753c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "booby trap1n", "ground-emplaced mine1n", "land mine1n" ; :wordnet "booby trap", "ground-emplaced mine", "land mine" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LandMine' is a ''Device'' that is hidden and designed to trap or harm CYC: 'LandMine': The collection of #$Mine-Weapons which are buried in the ground on land. The #$ExplosiveDevices inside detonate when something (a vehicle or an #$Animal of sufficient weight) passes over the ground the #$LandMine is buried in. Note that the collection #$Mine-Weapon is partitioned into used in water are #$LandMines and #$NavalMines. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'land mine' in WordNet: 1. land mine, ground-emplaced mine, booby trap - (an explosive mine hidden underground; explodes when stepped on or driven over) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoobyTrap, :Mine-Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Injurious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dangerous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LandOwner :wnsense "landholder1n", "landowner1n", "property owner1n" ; :wordnet "landholder", "landowner", "property owner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LandOwner''is a ''LegalAgent'' could be a corporation) who owns some piece of 'RealEstate''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landowner' in WordNet: 1. (1) landowner, landholder, property owner - (a holder or proprietor of land) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Owner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom :RealEstate ] . :LandRegion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LandRegion'' is a ''GeographicalRegion'' that consists of (''isOccupiedMostlyBySubstance'') ''LandStuff'' - any of the substance types that 'land' is made of. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandStuff ; owl:onProperty :isOccupiedMostlyBySubstance ] . :LandRidge :wnsense "ridge1n" ; :wordnet "ridge" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LandRidge'' is a ''LandTopographicalFeature'' that is shaped as a ''Ridge'' on the surface of the Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ridge' in WordNet: 1. (6) ridge - (a long narrow natural elevation or striation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTopographicalFeature, :Ridge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :LandSite :wnsense "land site1n", "site1n" ; :wordnet "land site", "site" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LandSite'' is a ''Tract'' of land (including any structures on it) where something is located or something happens or happened. This includes the 'site' of a business enterprise, the 'site' of an 'accident', the 'site' (or 'scene') of a crime, or the 'site' of where some manufacturing, mining, or other business enterprise is carried out ('on-site inspection'). The 'scene of an event' is represented by the subtype ''SceneOfEvent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'land site' in WordNet: 1. (1) site, land site - (the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located); 'a good site for the school') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tract . :LandStuff :guid "c0fba244-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "land" ; :wnsense "land2n" ; :wordnet "land" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: LandStuff (land) is considered as a substance in COSMO, not an object. NOTE that not all LandStuff is composed of Soil - sandy desert and rocky mountains are also composed of LandStuff, but have little Soil. This includes as subtypes substances that have been derived from LandStuff by a process that does not change the chemical composition other than by drying (e.g. by crushing into a fine gravel). Cyc: A specialization of #$NaturalTangibleStuff. Each instance of #$LandStuff is a portion of the stuff that the ground of a planet (at or near its land surface) is made of, including rocks, boulders, sand grains, soil, mud, lava, and mixtures of those things (such as islands or whole continents). Examples of #$LandStuff include #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$CapeCod, Zion Hill, and the lava pouring out of #$MountEtna-Volcano. Includes noun sense 2 of 'land' in WordNet, but includes rock and is not restricted to soils that can support plant growth; for soils, use 'Soil'. NOTE that WN sense 3 of 'soil' is included in 'LandStuff', which in COSMO includes rocky terrain in which plants cannot grow; therefore this sense is included under that this is also represented as 'Soil', because of the WN reference to plants growing (as a necessary property) for sense 2. NOTE Wordnet is more specifically aligned with the more specific 'Soil': in WordNet: 2. (18) land, ground, soil - (material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use); 'the land had never been plowed'; 'good agricultural soil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalTangibleStuff, :SolidSubstance . :LandTopographicalFeature :en "land topographical feature" ; :enn "land topographical feature" ; :guid "bd58ce87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of geographical regions and a specialization of #$TopographicalFeature. Each instance of #$LandTopographicalFeature is a region of land distinguishable from surrounding regions by salient physical differences in surface texture, three-dimensional shape, or elevation. The collection includes features that are covered by snow or bodies of water. Specializations of #$LandTopographicalFeature include #$Mountain, #$Crater, and #$Continent. Instances include the #$ArabianPeninsula, #$MountZion, the #$SanAndreasFault, the #$GreatSmokyMountains, and the #$JavaTrench. geological formation, formation """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandArea, :LandTopographicalFeature-Generic . :LandTopographicalFeature-Generic :guid "be66109c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Cyc" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateThing, :TopographicalFeature . :LandTransportationDevice a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TransportationDevice. Each instance of #$LandTransportationDevice is a device used for transportation across land. Specializations of #$LandTransportationDevice include the collections #$Automobile, #$Snowmobile, #$Truck, #$HorseCarriage, #$BabyCarriage, #$Bus-RoadVehicle, and #$SkateBoard.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HexalateralObject, :TransportationDevice . :LandTransportationVehicle a :ContainerType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$LandTransportationDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$LandTransportationVehicle is a device which is both self-powered and controlled in some fashion by a user, and is used for transportation across land. Specializations of #$LandTransportationVehicle include the collections #$Automobile, #$Snowmobile, #$Truck, and #$Bus-RoadVehicle, but not collections of non-#$SelfPoweredDevices such as #$Bicycle or #$Skateboard.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTransportationDevice, :TransportationDevice-Vehicle . :LandVehiclePathSystem :en "land vehicle path system" ; :enn "land vehicle path system" ; :guid "be58cbc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all road systems, systems of one or more #$PathForWheeledVehicles interconnected to allow a #$LandTransportationDevice (normally a #$RoadVehicle or a #$Train-TransportationDevice) to travel. The roads or tracks in a #$LandVehiclePathSystem may be publically or privately owned or maintained. Typically, though not always, raods in such a system are paved, and wide enough to allow passage of passenger automobiles under normal conditions. Note that #$PathForWheeledVehicles includes #$ParkingLots, #$AirplaneRunways, and #$Railways; these could in principal be parts of a #$LandVehiclePathSystem if they are accessible to other parts. In practice, most #$AirplaneRunways and all #$Railways are not accessible from nearby streets, so they would not be considered part of the same #$LandVehiclePathSystem. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :PathArtifactSystem, :TransportationPathSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandTransportationVehicle ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :LandVehicleRoof :en "land vehicle roof" ; :enn "land vehicle roof" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The roof of a ''LandTransportationVehicle'',a RoadVehicle or a 'ar' on train.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roof, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :LandTransportationVehicle ] . :LandZone :wnsense "zone3n" ; :wordnet "zone" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LandZone'' is any part of the land surface on Earth that can be disinguished from other nearby regions by some characteristics, usage,.ownership, or any other observable characterstics. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'zone' in WordNet: 3. zone - (an area or region distinguished from adjacent parts by a distinctive feature or characteristic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandRegion . :LandedEstate :wnsense "acres1n", "demesne1n", "estate2n", "land7n", "landed estate1n" ; :wordnet "acres", "demesne", "estate", "land", "landed estate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LandedEstate'' is a piece of RealEstate (the land and physical objects owned by some ''WealthyPerson'' in some area). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landed estate' in WordNet: 1. estate, land, landed estate, acres, demesne - (extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use; 'the family owned a large estate on Long Island') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealEstate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :WealthyPerson ] . :Landfill :guid "c0fbaa8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "landfill1n" ; :wordnet "landfill" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Landfill'' is the Lowland that has been filled to some undefined extent by ''Soil' which can have substantial rock content. This can be used for places filled to construct structures, or as in the subtype ''SanitaryLandfill'' just as a place to dump garbage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landfill' in WordNet: 1. landfill - (a low area that has been filled in) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lowland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Landing :guid "bd588f3f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "land1v", "land2v", "landing3n" ; :wordnet "land", "landing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$ArrivingAtAPlace and #$PhysicalContactMakingEvent. Each instance of #$Landing is an event in which a (previously) #$Airborne object comes to rest on a flat, horizontal surface--often #$TheGround. Specializations include #$Landing-Aircraft and #$Perching. NOTE: SUMO requires Landing to be the termination of a ''FlyingAction'' event, but in COSMO a Landing can be the termination of a ''FlyingAction'', Gliding, Propelling, or Impelling event; a cannonball can be said to land at its impact point. A controlled landing as of an airplane or bird would be a specialization of this Type. SUMO: Any instance of Translocation which ends up on something other than an AtmosphericRegion and which has an instance of ''FlyingAction'' as a subProcess. Includes intransitive and transitive verb senses 1 and 2 of 'land' and noun sense 3 of 'landing' in Wordnet: 1. (16) land, set down - (reach or come to rest; 'The bird landed on the highest branch'; 'The plane landed in Istanbul') 2. (4) land, put down, bring down - (cause to come to the ground; 'the pilot managed to land the airplane safely') WN noun 'landing': 3. landing - (the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface); 'the plane made a smooth landing'; 'his landing on his feet was catlike') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArrivingAtAPlace, :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOfEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MovementThroughAir ] . :Landmark :guid "c10c2d1a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "landmark1n" ; :wordnet "landmark" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some tangible thing which is usually a topographic feature or a large construction artifact which is well-known in an area, often of interest to travelers. Exactly what is a landmark is culture dependent, so assertions that X is a landmark should be in an mt which admits to its bias, like the western bias of the #$WorldGeographyMt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landmark' in Wordnet: 1. (2) landmark - (the position of a prominent or well-known object in a particular landscape; 'the church steeple provided a convenient landmark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalThing, :HumanScaleObject, :Place, :SalientThing, :SolidObject . :Landscape :wnsense "landscape1n" ; :wordnet "landscape" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Landscape'' is a ''Scenery'' (a subtype of ''View''), that can encompass a rlatively small area (the landscaping of a private home) or a larger expanse,as for a mansion. Rgua is bnarrower than the broad sense of 'landscape' in sense 1 of WordNet - restricted to the v1ew of a 'ResidentialLandscaping''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landscape' in WordNet: 1. (13) landscape - (an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scenery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :ResidentialLandscaping ] . :LandscapeGardening :wnsense "landscape gardening1n", "landscaping1n" ; :wordnet "landscape gardening", "landscaping" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LandscapeGardening'' is a type of ''Gardening'' involving the creation and/or maintenance of some ''Landscaping''. This is typically performed by a ''Landscaper''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landscape gardening' in WordNet: 1. landscaping, landscape gardening - (working as a landscape gardener) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gardening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Landscaping ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Landscaper ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Landscaper :guid "bd58efc1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "landscape architect1n", "landscape gardener1n", "landscaper1n", "landscapist1n" ; :wordnet "landscape architect", "landscape gardener", "landscaper", "landscapist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who does landscaping. NOTE: the CYC entry seems to be for anyone who does 'landscaping'- no mention of an 'architect'. Here we use the WN sense, interpreted as as someone who Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landscaper' in WordNet: 1. landscape architect, landscape gardener, landscaper, landscapist - (someone who arranges features of the landscape or garden attractively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Architect, :Gardener, :TradeWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Landscaping ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandscapeGardening ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Landscaping :guid "bd58bb0d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "landscaping2n" ; :wordnet "landscaping" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the esthetically pleasing ''Garden'' larger than a 100 square foot plot. For the activity use ''LandscapGardening''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'landscaping' in WordNet: 2. landscaping - (a garden laid out for esthetic effect; 'they spent a great deal of money on the landscaping') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garden, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Landscaper ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EstheticallyPleasing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Landslide :guid "c0b24326-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "landslide2n", "landslip1n" ; :wordnet "landslide", "landslip" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$NaturalHazard. This is the collection of landslides. A landslide occurs when soil becomes saturated with water and slides downhill. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'landslide' in WordNet: 2. (1) landslide, landslip - (a slide of a large mass of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RockOrSnowSlide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hillside ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dangerous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Landslide-Topographical ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Landslide-Topographical :guid "bdb9e99a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Landslide-Topographical'' is a pile of soil that was deposited by a ''Landslide''. CYC: A collection of topographical features. Each element of #$Landslide-Topographical-Generic is a topographical region, usually next to a ridge or mountain, characterized by a large deposit of planetary stuff formed by the caving in or falling down of said planetary stuff. #$Landslide-Topographical-Generic is a semi-permanent feature, unlike #$Landslide.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, :LandTopographicalFeature-Generic, :Slope-Topographical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Landslide ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Lane :wnsense "lane1n" ; :wordnet "lane" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A narrow Roadway,usually short and usually in an urban or suburban area, having buildings near the road, but it can be in an open or rural area. This is the physical object that is the street, not a region of space. It would extend down to the underlying soil, and include all materials added (such as crushed gravel) to prepare the roadbed. A modern street is typically paved, but that is not a necessary attribute of a 'Lane'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lane' in WordNet: 1. (4) lane - (a narrow way or road) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roadway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LaneOfRoadway :guid "c0fbb676-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lane2n" ; :wordnet "lane" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The approximately one car-width wide part of a roadway designated for a car to stay in. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 (not for swimmers) of 'lane' in WordNet: 2. (1) lane - (a well-defined track or path; for e.g. swimmers or lines of traffic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :PathForWheeledVehicles, :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Highway ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Language :ldoce "language" ; :wnsense "language1n" ; :wordnet "language" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every 'Language' includes both a Grammar and a 'Vocabulary'. The 'Vocabulary' is the set of Terms that carry meaning for the users of the Language. This type includes human languages (subtype 'HumanLanguage') and non-human 'Languages' such as those that are used for communication among animals, but only *if* those languages actually have a Grammar - which may be speculative for animal languages. Therefore animal 'languages' for which no 'Grammar' has been demonstrated cannot be confidently included in this type. Human languages, whether natural or constructed, (including computer languages) are included. in SUMO: See 'Language_SUMO_Physical_Not_Abstract_' and 'LinguisticExpression_SUMO' (not used) Language[Cyc?abstract;_in_SUMO?physical;_DOLCE-see_description]# Formally in COSMO a Language is a Group including the Grammar and the Vocabulary. Language(Cyc) Note: Language is abstract CyC but Physical in in SUMO OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of systems which use conventionalized signs or symbols. This includes dead languages, computer languages, unspoken languages, codes - anything which relates symbols to meaning. The restrictions are only reminders that each Language has a Vocabulary and Grammar. We allow individual language to be instantiated without requiring that the actual Grammar or Vocabulary be specified. It can be specified, if desired. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'language' in WordNet: 1. (486) language, linguistic communication - (a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols; 'he taught foreign languages'; 'the language introduced is standard throughout the text'; 'the speed with which a program can be executed depends on the language in which it is written') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationConvention, :Context, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grammar ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vocabulary ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :LanguageType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LanguageType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Language' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :Language_DOLCE a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Language_DOLCE-D_S_differs_from_Cyc_and_SUMO See Language elsewhere.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Description . :Language_SUMO_physical_not_abstract__ a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A system of signs for expressing thought. The system can be either natural or artificial, i.e. something that emerges gradually as a cultural artifact or something that is intentionally created by a person or group of people. In SUMO: Language[SUMO?physical_not_abstract] """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticExpression_SUMO . :Languishing :wnsense "ache2v", "pine1v", "pining1n", "yearn2v", "yen1v" ; :wordnet "ache", "pine", "pining", "yearn", "yen" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Languishing'' is a prolonged ''Longing''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'languish' in WordNet: 2. ache, yearn, yen, pine, languish - (have a desire for something or someone who is not present; 'She ached for a cigarette'; 'I am pining for my lover') WN noun 'pining': 1. pining - (a feeling of deep longing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Longing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prolonged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Lantern :guid "bd58dd18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaSourceOf :VisibleLight ; :wnsense "lantern1n" ; :wordnet "lantern" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The set of lighting devices which consist of a transparent or translucent case enclosing a light and protecting it from wind, rain, etc.; often used outdoors on patios or for camping trips. NOTe that in CYC this is a ''FuelPoweredDevice''. IF it is battery powered, it might qualify as a ''Flashlight''?? but not directional. Hmmm . . . . Need parent for battery powered ones. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lantern' in WordNet: 1. (4) lantern - (light in a transparent protective case) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FuelPoweredDevice, :LightingDevice, :PortableObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :LanternSlide :wnsense "lantern slide1n", "slide1n" ; :wordnet "lantern slide", "slide" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LanternSlide'' is sheet-like Object consisting of a planar frame with a ''Transparency'' held in it, thus making it a subtype of ''ContainerAndContents'' as well as a ''Picture''. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'slide' in WordNet: 6. slide, lantern slide - (a transparency mounted in a frame; viewed with a slide projector) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, :HumanAccessibleIBO, :Picture, :PlanarObject, :SmallObject, :SmallRigidSheet, :VisualAid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularPictureFrame ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Transparency ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Projector ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Lanthanum :guid "bd58bd95-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "57"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "La1n", "lanthanum1n" ; :wordnet "La", "lanthanum" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of lanthanum; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Lanthanum or LanthanumStuff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lanthanum' in WordNet: 1. lanthanum, La, atomic number 57 - (a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RareEarthElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Laos :wnsense "Laos1n" ; :wordnet "Laos" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Laos' in Wordnet: 1. (13) Laos, Lao People's Democratic Republic - (a mountainous landlocked communist state in southeastern Asia; achieved independence from France in 1949) """ . :Lap :wnsense "lap1n" ; :wordnet "lap" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes both thighs and is only present when a person is seated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lap' in WordNet: 1. (11) lap - (the upper side of the thighs of a seated person; 'he picked up the little girl and plopped her down in his lap') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SeatedPerson ] . :LappingUp :en "lapping", "lapping up" ; :wnsense "lap up1v", "lap4v" ; :wordnet "lap", "lap up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of ingesting something (usually food) licking. This is usually performed by animals, most saiently by pet animals. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'lap' in WordNet: 4. lap, lap up, lick - (take up with the tongue; 'The cat lapped up the milk'; 'the cub licked the milk from its mother's breast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ingesting, :Licking . :Lapse :wnsense "lapse2n" ; :wordnet "lapse" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Lapse'' is a TimeInterval. The corresponding ''Pause'' (a ''PersistentState'') is not directly related to this, but is implied by the co-occurrence of a ''Pause'' with the parent type ''Intermission''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lapse' in WordNet: 2. (1) lapse - (a break or intermission in the occurrence of something; 'a lapse of three weeks between letters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intermission, :MeasurableTimeInterval . :LaptopComputer :guid "bd58aee0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "laptop computer1n", "laptop1n" ; :wordnet "laptop", "laptop computer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Computer small enough to hold in a laptop, and having a battery as a backup power source. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laptop computer' in WordNet: 1. laptop, laptop computer - (a portable computer small enough to use in your lap) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BatteryPoweredDevice, :PersonalComputer, :SmallObject . :LaptopScreenAndMicrophone :hasMassInGrams "500"^^xsd:float ; a :ObjectGroup . :Lard :wnsense "lard1n" ; :wordnet "lard" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Lard is an edible fat. RHW: 1. the rendered fat of hogs, esp. the internal fat of the abdomen. NOTE: Hog and Pig are synonyms in this version of COSMO. Can they be differentiated precisely? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lard' in WordNet: 1. lard - (soft white semisolid fat obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of the hog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFat, :Mixture, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spreadable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pig ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Large :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Largeness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Small ; :ldoce "big", "large" ; :wnsense "big1adj", "large1adj" ; :wordnet "big", "large" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Large is an attribute that specifies that something is Large relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. In WordNet, synonymous with 'big' in the dominent sense: in WordNet: 1. (152) large, big - (above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent; 'a large city'; 'set out for the big city'; 'a large sum'; 'a big (or large) barn'; 'a large family'; 'big businesses'; 'a big expenditure'; 'a large number of newspapers'; 'a big group of scientists'; 'large areas of the world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Substantial . :Large-scale :isTheOppositeOf :ModestInScale ; :wnsense "large-scale1adj" ; :wordnet "large-scale" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Large-scale'' is the attribute of an Action that is performed by more than a few people and requires multiple resources and significant money and effort. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'large-scale' in Wordnet: 1. (2) large-scale - (unusually large in scope; 'a large-scale attack on AIDS is needed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Large . :LargeAmountOfMoney :en "large amount of money", "large quantity of money", "lots of money" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LargeAmountOfMoney'' is a quantity of money (in any currency) that is more than an average worker could earn in several years of work. Very vague - here labeled as more than a million dollars. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoreThanaMillionDollars ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :LargeBell :en "large bell" ; :enn "large bell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LargeBell'' is a ''Bell'' that is ''Large'' (for a Bell), and produces a low-pitched ''Bong'' sound. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bonging ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bong ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :LargeEnough :en "big enough", "large enough" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LargeEnough'' is nominally a subtype of ''Large'' but this is only to be interpreted as 'large' in the sense that it could be smaller. This is used with ''HavingRoomForSomething'' but might apply to other situations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Large . :LargeEnoughToSee :en "big enough to see", "large enough to see" ; :wnsense "gross2adj", "macroscopic1adj", "macroscopical1adj", "megascopic1adj" ; :wordnet "gross", "macroscopic", "macroscopical", "megascopic" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LargeEnoughToSee'' is ''LargeEnough'' to be visible to the naked eye. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'macroscopic' and sense 2 of 'gross' in WordNet: 1. macroscopic, macroscopical - (large enough to be visible to the naked eye) WN adj 'gross': 2. (2) megascopic, gross - (visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LargeEnough . :LargeGroupOfPeople :en "large group", "large group of people" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LargeGroupOfPeople''is a ''GroupOfPeople'' having at least twenty (20) people in it. This number can be changed to fit any purpose, creating a new type for each group size relevant to some application. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfFourOrMorePeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:minCardinality "20"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :LargeHead :en "big head", "large head" ; :enn "big head", "large head" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LargeHead'' is a ''Head'' on an Animal that is larger than the typical ''Head'' for animals of that biological family or genus. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Head, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LargeIndefiniteQuantity :wnsense "large indefinite amount1n", "large indefinite quantity1n" ; :wordnet "large indefinite amount", "large indefinite quantity" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'large indefinite quantity' in WordNet: 1. large indefinite quantity, large indefinite amount - (an indefinite quantity that is above the average in size or magnitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndefiniteQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LargeIntestine :guid "bd5905e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "large intestine1n" ; :wordnet "large intestine" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Large intestine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'large intestine' in WordNet: 1. (1) large intestine - (beginning with the cecum and ending with the rectum; includes the cecum and the colon and the rectum; extracts moisture from food residues which are later excreted as feces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :Intestine . :LargeObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MacroscopicObject that is much larger than a Person, i.e. it should be bigger than a large house. there is no upper limit on the size. This is used for geological features""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroscopicObject, :NonPortableObject, :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :LargeQuantity :en "huge amount", "large amount", "large quantity" ; :wnsense "bulk2n", "mass7n", "volume2n" ; :wordnet "bulk", "mass", "volume" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LargeQuantity'' is a ''Quantity'' that is greater than typical for some objects or stuff in some context. One common subtype is ''Bulk'' as in 'buy in bulk', 'buy in quantity' for wholesale or other purchases of large amounts of stuff Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bulk' in WordNet: 2. (1) bulk, mass, volume - (the property of something that is great in magnitude; 'it is cheaper to buy it in bulk'; 'he received a mass of correspondence'; 'the volume of exports') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quantity . :LargeWindow a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LargeWindow'' is a ''Window'' in a residence that is larger than the average (greater than 15 square feet). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfaResidence, :Window, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Largeness :wnsense "bigness1n", "largeness3n" ; :wordnet "bigness", "largeness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The state of being 'Large'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'largeness' in WordNet: 3. largeness, bigness - (the property of having a relatively great size) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Larger :isTheOppositeOf :Smaller ; :wnsense "bigger1adj", "larger1adj" ; :wordnet "bigger", "larger" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Larger'' is ''Large'' specifically in comparison to something else that is ''Smaller'' or the same Object at an earlier time. Used to describe Organisms that have increased in size over time. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'larger' in Wordnet: 1. (56) bigger, larger - (large or big relative to something else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Large . :LargerThanLife :isMoreIntenseThan :Imposing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unimpressive ; :wnsense "epic1adj", "heroic1adj", "larger-than-life1n" ; :wordnet "epic", "heroic", "larger-than-life" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''largerThanLife'' is a substtribute of ''Imposing'' for Artifacts or Actions that are grand in scale. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'larger than life' in Wordnet: 1. epic, heroic, larger-than-life - (very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale); 'an epic voyage'; 'of heroic proportions'; 'heroic sculpture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impressive . :Largest :isTheOppositeOf :Least ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Largest' is an attribute of something that is the largest (in size or quantity) among some specific group of things.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LargestCity :en "biggest city", "largest city" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The largest City in some Region: this can refer to area or population. Usually the population is the intended criterion. See subtype ''LargestCityByPopulation''. e.g. largest city in he USA: By population, New York, NY, which in 2015 had an estimated population of 8,550,405. By area, Sitka, AK, which has a total area of 4,811.4 square miles, 2,870.3 of which are land. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :City, :LargestThingInaContext . :LargestCityByArea :en "biggest city", "largest city" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The largest City in some Region: this can refer to area or population. e.g. largest city in the USA: By area, Sitka, AK, which has a total area of 4,811.4 square miles, 2,870.3 of which are land. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LargestCity . :LargestCityByPopulation :en "biggest city", "largest city", "most populous city" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The largest City in some Region: this can refer to area or population. e.g. largest city in he USA: By population, New York, NY, which in 2015 had an estimated population of 8,550,405. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LargestCity . :LargestThingInaContext :en "the largest" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LargestThingInaContext'' is an entity of a type that in some sense is the 'largest'. The type of thing it is is specified when creating an instance by asserting the 'type' for that instance. See ''UnitedStatesOfAmerica'' for a example of usage - the subtype ''LargestCityByPopulation'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :UniqueThingInaContext, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Largest ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Larid :wnsense "larid1n" ; :wordnet "larid" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """e.g. Gulls and terns. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'larid' in WordNet: 1. larid - (long-winged web-footed aquatic bird of the gull family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoastalDivingBird . :Lark :wnsense "lark1n" ; :wordnet "lark" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lark'' is any of several ''Songbird''s. RHW: 1, any of numerous, chiefly Old World oscine birds, of the family Alaudidae, characterized by an unusually long, straight hind claw, esp. the skylark, Alauda arvensis. 2. any of various similar birds of other families, as the meadowlark and titlark. Includes the first three senses of 'lark' in WordNet: 1. meadowlark, lark - (North American songbirds having a yellow breast) 2. pipit, titlark, lark - (a songbird that lives mainly on the ground in open country; has streaky brown plumage) 3. lark - (any of numerous predominantly Old World birds noted for their singing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Songbird . :Larva :wnsense "larva1n" ; :wordnet "larva" ; a :BeastType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An invertebrate in the 'LarvalStage' of life. For the wormlike insect larva, use 'InsectLarva'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'larva' in WordNet: 1. (6) larva - - (the immature free-living form of most invertebrates and amphibians and fish which at hatching from the egg is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Invertebrate . :Larval :pertainsTo :Larva ; :wnsense "larval2adj" ; :wordnet "larval" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of a Larva, a life stage of an insect resembling a worm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'larval' in Wordnet: 2. larval - (relating to or typical of a larva; 'the larval eye') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDevelopmentAttribute . :LarvalStage a :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LarvalStage' is the LifeStage of an Insect when it looks like a worm and has not yet pupated into an adult..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Larva ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Laryngologist :en "laryngologist" ; :enn "laryngologist" ; :guid "bf7838d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ laryngologist """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Larynx ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Larynx :guid "bd588e9d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "larynx1n", "voice box1n" ; :wordnet "larynx", "voice box" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all Larynxes, which contains the #$VocalCords in #$Persons, most other #$Mammals, and some other air-breathing #$Vertebrates. A #$Larynx connects the windpipe (#$Trachea) to the #$Pharynx. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'larynx' in WordNet: 1. larynx, voice box - (a cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; contains elastic vocal cords that are the source of the vocal tone in speech) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Throat ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThroatAndTrachea ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :LasagnaServing :guid "fafc32ca-e948-41d7-9f82-a37eb77c64ab" ; :wnsense "lasagna1n", "lasagne1n" ; :wordnet "lasagna", "lasagne" ; a :FoodType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One 'dish' (serving) of Lasagna - a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lasagna' in WordNet: 1. lasagna, lasagne - (baked dish of layers of lasagna pasta with sauce and cheese and meat or vegetables) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood, :Food-ReadyToEat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TomatoBasedSauce ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cheese ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pasta ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Laser :guid "bd58bcd1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "laser1n" ; :wordnet "laser" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device that emits a beam of coherent visible or infrared light. This includes diode lasers as well as those using opposing mirrors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laser' in WordNet: 1. laser, optical maser - (an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an optical device that produces an intense monochromatic beam of coherent light) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalLightingDevice, :LightEmittingObject . :Lasso :wnsense "lariat1n", "lasso2n", "reata1n", "riata1n" ; :wordnet "lariat", "lasso", "reata", "riata" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lasso' in WordNet: 2. lasso, lariat, riata, reata - (a long noosed rope used to catch animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfRope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lassoing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Noose ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Lassoing :wnsense "lasso1v", "rope1v" ; :wordnet "lasso", "rope" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lassoing'' is a ''CapturingAnAnimal'' action that includes a ''Throwing'' of a ''Lasso'' and then ''HoldingAnObject' where the object is the thing Lassoed. The Object is typically a NonHumanAnimal, though in some cases (e.g. Western movies) a Person may be lassoed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lasso' in WordNet: 1. lasso, rope - (catch with a lasso; 'rope cows') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CapturingAnAnimal, :HoldingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lasso ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Throwing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Last :contrastsWith :FirstOfaSeries, :Intermediate ; :en "ending" ; :ldoce "last" ; :wnsense "concluding1adj", "final1adj", "last2adj", "last3adj", "terminal4adj", "ultimate2adj" ; :wordnet "concluding", "final", "last", "terminal", "ultimate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specifies the last item in a list or in some ranking of priority. The terms ''FirstOfaSeries'', ''Intermediate'' and ''Last'' are used to refer to places in a series that do not have ordinal numbers (except for ''FirstOfaSeries'' being essentially identical to ''First'' but logically distinct and used with different relations). In SUMO 'last' is treated as a function to obtain the last element of a list, and linguistically it is sometimes used that way, but this type is a more general sense, even when a list is not specified it can have meaning. SUMO 'LastFn' (LastFn ?LIST) returns the last item in the List ?LIST. For example, (LastFn (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would return the value of Wednesday. (iff (and (instance ?LIST List) (equal (LastFn ?LIST) ?ITEM)) (exists (?NUMBER) (and (equal (ListLengthFn ?LIST) ?NUMBER) (equal (ListOrderFn ?LIST ?NUMBER) ?ITEM)))) Corresponds to adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'last' in WordNet: 2. (365) last - (coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining; 'the last time I saw Paris'; 'the last day of the month'; 'had the last word'; 'waited until the last minute'; 'he raised his voice in a last supreme call'; 'the last game of the season'; 'down to his last nickel') 3. (279) concluding, final, last, terminal - (occurring at or forming an end or termination; 'his concluding words came as a surprise'; 'the final chapter'; 'the last days of the dinosaurs'; 'terminal leave') WN adj 'ultimate': 2. (5) ultimate - (being the last or concluding element of a series; 'the ultimate sonata of that opus'; 'a distinction between the verb and noun senses of 'conflict' is that in the verb the stress is on the ultimate (or last) syllable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :Last-minute :en "not a minute too soon" ; :enadj "not a minute too soon" ; :pertainsTo :TheLastMinute ; :wnsense "last-minute1adj" ; :wordnet "last-minute" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'last-minute' in Wordnet: 1. (1) last-minute - (just before a deadline; at the last minute; 'last-minute arrangements') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conforming, :Honorable . :LastWillAndTestament :wnsense "testament2n", "will3n" ; :wordnet "testament", "will" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LastWillAndTestament'' is a Document that specifies the intent of the 'testator' who died and left the ''EstateOfaPerson''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'will' in WordNet: 3. (6) will, testament - (a legal document declaring a person's wishes regarding the disposal of their property when they die) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, :LegalDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :EstateOfaPerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RightOfInheritance ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ; owl:someValuesFrom :RightOfInheritance ] . :LastingForSomeTime :isTheOppositeOf :Brief ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LastingForSomeTime'' is the parent for QualitativeAttributeValues for Events or States, specifying some ''TimeDuration'' during which that Event continues. Common examples are ''Monthlong'' and ''Yearlong'', but any named ''TimeDuration'' can be used to create a similar Attribute describing lasting for that TimeDuration. The seemingly similar ''LongLasting'' is not an example of this usage, as that term characterizes an Event that lasts longer than the average event of that type, in a relative sense. these terms are more specific. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LatLong a :LocationMeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any measure intended to specify Geographic coordinates (on the Earth) as a Latitude and Longitude measure, whether specifically including possible error estimates or not. As this category is conceptual, the actual format representing the measure is not restricted. A 'LatLong' measure does not include the altitude. For points including latitude, longitude, and altitude, use 'GeographicalPoint'. NOTE that LatLong is a type of LocationMeasure, but as a subtype of GenericLocation, an instance of LatLong can also be used as a Location in specifying locations. Care must be exercised, as a 'LatLong', if interpreted as a point, may have multiple values for the same extended object.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationMeasure . :Late-Night :en "late-night" ; :enadj "late-night" ; :pertainsTo :LateNight ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Late-Night''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''Late-Night'' TimeOfDay, and particularly to the programs that are aired on Television at that time. 'late-night comedy show'; 'late-night talk show' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LateNight a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LateNight'' is the class of TimeIntervals that begin at 10:00 PM and end at 1 AM the next morning. This is a 'time slot' that is rlevant to the number and type of television viewers watching programs in that time slot - important to advertisers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EveningAndOneAM ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Lateral :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt :SideOfaBilateralObject ; :pertainsTo :SideOfaBilateralObject ; :wnsense "lateral2adj" ; :wordnet "lateral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Lateral'' is more general than the WN synset gloss suggests, rather pertaining to the ''Side'' of any bilateral Object. The Medical usage could be a subattribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lateral' in Wordnet: 2. lateral - (lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body; 'lateral lemniscus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyLocationAttribute . :Latin :pertainsTo :LatinLanguage ; :wnsense "Latin3adj" ; :wordnet "Latin" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Latin'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to 'Latin America' or people whose language is derived mostly from Latin.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Latin' in WordNet: 3. Latin - (relating to people or countries speaking Romance languages; 'Latin America') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LatinLanguage :wasCreatedBy :LatinSpeakers ; :wnsense "Latin1n" ; :wordnet "Latin" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Latin' in WordNet: 1. (4) Latin - (any dialect of the language of ancient Rome) """ . :LatinSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Latitude :wnsense "latitude1n" ; :wordnet "latitude" ; a :LocationMeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A measure intended to specify the Latitudinal coordinate of an object or point on some celestial body (not only the Earth). This measure will be expressed as degrees (from 0 to 90), minutes, and seconds, and the seconds may have fractional values. North Latitude is a positive value, south is negative. This is intended to be used with the relation 'hasLatitude', and that relation should be conceptually identical to the 'lat' property used in the w3c SWIG 'Basic Geo' vocabulary (http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/); however the 'Basic Geo' relation takes a literal as value. NOTE: if other formats are needed, this type may need supplementation or change. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'latitude' in Wordnet: 1. (2) latitude - (the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AngularDegree, :LocationMeasure . :LatitudinalZone :wnsense "geographical zone1n", "zone2n" ; :wordnet "geographical zone", "zone" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LatitudinalZone'' is a ''GeographicalArea'' categorized by the upper and lower latitudes that form the limits of its extent. Examples: 'tropical zone', 'temperate zone', 'arctic zone'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'zone' in WordNet: 2. zone, geographical zone - (any of the regions of the surface of the Earth loosely divided according to latitude or longitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea . :Latter :contrastsWith :FirstOfTwo ; :wnsense "latter1adj", "latter1n" ; :wordnet "latter" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FunctionalAttribute ''Latter'', refers to the second thing (of two) that was mentioned in some sentence or paragraph, used in the next part of that sentence or paragraph. This contrasts with ''FirstOfTwo'', referring to the first of those two things mentioned. In language the term used to refer to the ''FirstofTwo'' is 'former'. But that term is also used elsewhere for a different concept. (''Former''). Includes noun sense 1 and adjective sense 1 of 'latter' in WordNet: 1. latter - (the second of two or the second mentioned of two; 'Tom and Dick were both heroes but only the latter is remembered today') WN adjective 'latter': 1. (52) latter - (referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several); 'in the latter case') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :Latvia :wnsense "Latvia1n" ; :wordnet "Latvia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Latvia' in Wordnet: 1. Latvia, Republic of Latvia - (a republic in northeastern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea) """ . :Laudatory :wnsense "laudatory1adj", "praiseful1adj", "praising1adj" ; :wordnet "laudatory", "praiseful", "praising" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Laudatory'' is an AttributeValue of any LinguisticCommunication that makes and is intended to make comments expressing strong approval of some Agent's actions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'laudatory' in Wordnet: 1. laudatory, praiseful, praising - (full of or giving praise; \"a laudatory remark\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Laughing :en "laughing" ; :guid "bd589762-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "laugh" ; :wnsense "laugh1v" ; :wordnet "laugh" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Laughing process. SUMO: Expressing happiness or amusement by Vocalizing in a certain way. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'laugh' in WordNet: 1. (65) laugh, express joy, express mirth - (produce laughter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :MakingFacialExpression, :Vocalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laughter ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Laughter :ldoce "laughter" ; :wnsense "laughter1n" ; :wordnet "laughter" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sound produced when a Person laughs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laughter' in WordNet: 1. (15) laugh, laughter - (the sound of laughing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laughing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Launching :wnsense "launch2v" ; :wordnet "launch" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Launching'' is the subclass of Impelling where the patient is a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of ''PropellingDevice'' that only uses mechanical force to propel, as contrasted with Shooting, using chemicals to generate high pressures is a cylinder. This is done by e.g. catapults or spear launchers. The senses of 'Launching' such as launching a boat or launching a rocket are not covered here. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'launch' in WordNet: 2. (6) launch - (propel with force; 'launch the space shuttle'; 'Launch a ship') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CastingSomething, :Impelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropellingDevice ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ] . :LaunchingaBoat :wnsense "launch2v", "launch3v" ; :wordnet "launch" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Putting a boat into the water where it can float, whether by just letting it slide in as on a maiden launch, or puting it in after conveying over land as on a boat carrier towed by a vehicle. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'launch' in WordNet: 2. (6) launch - (propel with force; 'launch the space shuttle'; 'Launch a ship) 3. (4) launch - (launch for the first time; launch on a maiden voyage; 'launch a ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Boat :TransportationDeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BodyOfWater :PhysicalObjectType :LiquidObjectType ) ] ] . :LaunchingaRocketOrTorpedo :wnsense "launch2v" ; :wordnet "launch" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LaunchingaRocketOrTorpedo' may have two phases - for torpedos and some rockets, they may be pushed mechanically for some distance before they become sef-propelled; but some rockets are 'launched' only by switching on the propulsive rocket engine at a launch site, or dropping from an airplane followed by switching on the rocket engine. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'launch' in WordNet: 2. (6) launch - (propel with force; 'launch the space shuttle'; 'Launch a ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Launching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RocketPropelledTransportationDevice :Torpedo :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Laundromat :guid "bd58fd3e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Laundromat1n", "launderette1n" ; :wordnet "Laundromat", "launderette" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A localized (one site) service organization that allows customers to rent the use of washing machines and clothes dryers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laundromat' in WordNet: 1. launderette, Laundromat - (a self-service laundry (service mark Laundromat) where coin-operated washing machines are available to individual customers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceEstablishment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingLaundry ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Laundry :wnsense "laundry1n", "wash7n" ; :wordnet "laundry", "wash" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of pieces of cloth (''PieceOfCloth''s) that are sufficiently soiled that they should be washed. For ultrafastidious people, any possibility of being soiled may make a ''PieceOfCloth'' a candidate to be included in the ''Laundry'' pile. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laundry' in Wordnet: 1. (1) laundry, wash, washing, washables - (garments or white goods that can be cleaned by laundering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SoiledClothObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingLaundry ; owl:onProperty :wasGatheredForPurpose ] . :LaundryBag :en "laundry bag", "laundry-bag" ; :guid "c0ecfa5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bag'' intended to hold 'Laundry'' to be washed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bag, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laundry ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :LaundryBasket :guid "bf81445e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clothes basket1n", "clothes hamper1n", "laundry basket1n", "voider4n" ; :wordnet "clothes basket", "clothes hamper", "laundry basket", "voider" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laundry basket' in Wordnet: 1. clothes hamper, laundry basket, clothes basket, voider - (a hamper that holds dirty clothes to be washed or wet clothes to be dried) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hamper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laundry ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :LaundryMan :en "laundry man", "laundry-man" ; :wnsense "laundryman1n" ; :wordnet "laundryman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Person'' who washes 'Laundry'' for other people. RHW: 1.a person who works in or operates a laundry. 2, a person who collects and delivers laundry. Includes WordNet sense of 'laundryman' and also an older sense of someone who collects as well as washes laundry. in WordNet: 1. washerman, laundryman - (operates industrial washing machine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role . :LaundryRoom :en "laundry room" ; :guid "bd589c56-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A room where clothing is cleaned. Usually contains a washing machine and a dryer. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingLaundry ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingMachine ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dryer ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :LaurelOrder :guid "bd58eeea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :Lava :wnsense "lava1n" ; :wordnet "lava" ; a :EmittableThingType, :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lava'' is the molten ''Stone'' in a ''LavaTube'' attached to a ''Volcano'' *afer* it issues from the Volcano and is on the surface of the Earth; this means that it is in contact with the ''EarthsAtmosphere'', and has experienced an ''Eruption''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lava' in WordNet: 1. lava - (rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Magma, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volcano ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :LavaTube a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LavaTube'' is a ''PathThroughSolid'' containing ''Lava'' and attached to a ''Volcano''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericContainer, :PathThroughSolid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magma ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :hasThingPassedThrough ] . :LavenderPlant :wnsense "lavender1n" ; :wordnet "lavender" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lavender' in WordNet: 1. lavender - (any of various Old World aromatic shrubs or subshrubs with usually mauve or blue flowers; widely cultivated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush . :Law :FIBO "law" ; :guid "bd5d532c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "law" ; :wnsense "law1n", "legislation1n", "statute law1n" ; :wordnet "law", "legislation", "statute law" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Law in COSMO is a subtype of Rule, created by a legislative Authority. In a monarchy, a single person can create a Law; in democracies it is done by a legislature. This is for Laws created by some government authority. For a 'Law of Nature' see 'LawOfNature' and 'QuantitativeTendency'. Cyc: A #$Law is a miniature #$GovernmentCOC that expresses a legal requirement or restriction. For instance, one #$Law might say, effectively, that bigamy is illegal. A #$Law is declared to be part of a #$LegalCode by using #$genlMt. Note that one #$Law can be part of more than one #$LegalCode. Also note that the direction of the relationship is not what you might initially think: The #$LegalCode will have many baseMts, which are the Laws of which it consists. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'law': skos-definition: 'Law is a term which does not have a universally accepted definition, but one definition is that law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior. Laws are made by governments, specifically by their legislatures. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution (written or unwritten) and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics and society in countless ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people.' skos-editorialNote: 'Any law or body of law, which may have force in some context, including national laws, company bylaws and the like.' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'law' and sense 1 of 'legislation' in WordNet, but in COSMO this is not a document, it is a Rule. For the Text representing a Law, use 'LawText' in Wordnet: 1. (339) law - (legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity; 'there is a law against kidnapping') WN noun 'legislation': 1. (10) legislation, statute law - (law enacted by a legislative body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RuleForBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawText ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegislativeAuthority ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :appliesInJurisdiction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Jurisdiction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalSystem ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalSystem ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Right :Obligation :EventType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ] . :LawAsAnOccupation :isTheOccupationOfA :Lawyer ; :ldoce "law" ; :wnsense "law5n" ; :wordnet "law" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FunctionalProcess that is consists of multiple instances of 'practicing law', when performed as an Occupation. Lawyers are typically licensed, so those who practice law usually do it as an occupation, though many with law degrees do other things, such as in business or in legislative activity. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'law' in WordNet: 5. (35) law, practice of law - (the learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system; 'he studied law at Yale') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawAsAnOccupation ; owl:onProperty :isTheProfessionOfField ] . :LawEnforcementActivity :en "fighting crime" ; :enn "fighting crime" ; :guid "bd5dfdf4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "law enforcement1n" ; :wordnet "law enforcement" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events performed with the purpose of enforcing laws, that are performed by people officially charged with this this duty. Includes most activities of law enforcement officials (such as police) including detection of crime, identification of offenders, and arrests. 'Fighting crime' is performed by a ''Crime-fighter''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'law enforcement' in WordNet: 1. (4) law enforcement - (insuring obedience to the laws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnforcingRules, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawEnforcementAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :LawEnforcementAgent :en "crime fighter", "crime-fighter", "crimefighter", "law enforcement agent" ; :enn "crime fighter", "crime-fighter", "crimefighter", "law enforcement agent" ; :guid "c3c82526-c110-41d7-8bd4-ab51426216da" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any GovernmentEmployee working in the departments that operate the Police forces - local or national. RHW 'crime-fighter': any person, as a law-enforcement officer or government official, who works to prevent crime or to enforce criminal laws. CYC: The collection of all instances of #$LegalAgent for whom #$LawEnforcementActivity is a #$focalActivityType. Notable specs include #$LawEnforcementOfficer and #$PoliceOrganization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentEmployee, :HumanRole, :LegalAgent, :ProfessionalPerson, :SocialBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawEnforcementActivity ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :LawEnforcementOfficer :guid "bd58e004-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "law officer1n", "lawman1n", "peace officer1n" ; :wordnet "law officer", "lawman", "peace officer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$LawEnforcementOfficer is a person whose job is to detect, stop, and/or punish people engaged in illegal activities. The collection #$LawEnforcementOfficer includes members of local, state, and special police (e.g., transit police) forces, as well as federal agents (e.g., members of border patrols, national security agents). Consequently, a given instance of #$LawEnforcementOfficer typically also belongs to one of the following collections: #$StateEmployee, #$LocalGovernmentEmployee, or #$NationalGovernmentEmployee (see #$PublicSectorEmployee). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawman' in WordNet: 1. (2) lawman, law officer, peace officer - (an officer of the law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentEmployee, :HumanRole, :LawEnforcementAgent . :LawEnforcementOrganization :en "law enforcement organization" ; :guid "bd58a14b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Organization and #$LegalAgent. Each instance of #$LawEnforcementOrganization is an official organization whose purpose is to support or perform law enforcement. Instances of #$LawEnforcementOrganization include organizations which are legally empowered to enforce laws (see the specialization #$PoliceOrganization), as well as information agencies (such as #$INTERPOL) whose purpose is to assist and coordinate police activities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentalOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawEnforcementActivity ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :LawLicense a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every 'LawLicense\"' is a license to practise 'LawAsAnOccupation' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LicenseToPractice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawAsAnOccupation ; owl:onProperty :licensesThePractiseOf ] . :LawOfNature :en "law of physics" ; :enn "law of physics" ; :wnsense "law of nature1n", "law3n" ; :wordnet "law", "law of nature" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any physical (including chemical and biological) 'law' that specifies how things behave when constrained by the laws of physics (which in turn determine the laws of chemistry and biology). Mystical, supernatural or magical phenomena referenced in discourses may not obey these laws. For detailed descriptions of Laws of nature, use 'QuantitativeTendency'. NOTE that his is not a subtype of 'Law', which is a term used in COSMO only for laws created by governmental authorities. A quantitative rule (Equation(s)) that expresses a LawOfNature may be related to that LawOfNature by the relation 'isDescribedByMathematicalRepresentation'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'law of nature' in WordNet: 1. (3) law, law of nature - (a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature; 'the laws of thermodynamics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MotherNature ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :LawSchool :guid "bd59091f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "law school1n", "school of law1n" ; :wordnet "law school", "school of law" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Schools which prepare their students to become lawyers, and grant DoctorOfJurisprudence degrees. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'law school' in WordNet: 1. (1) law school, school of law - (a graduate school offering study leading to a law degree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GraduateSchool, :SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jurisprudence ; owl:onProperty :teaches ] . :LawSuit :en "suing" ; :guid "bd58fcba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lawsuit", "suit" ; :wnsense "action1v", "case1n", "causa1n", "cause5n", "judicial proceeding1n", "lawsuit1n", "litigate2v", "litigation1n", "process4v", "sue1v", "suit1n" ; :wordnet "action", "case", "causa", "cause", "judicial proceeding", "lawsuit", "litigate", "litigation", "process", "sue", "suit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Lawsuit is a LegalAction in which one Agent enters a suit in a governmental court against another LegalAgent, to obtain some remedy for a grievance. Each instance of Lawsuit includes and all subsequent actions in the same case, up to final disposition. This includes priate lawsuits as well as proceedings of a district attorney. CYC: The collection of legal conflicts in which an agent or group of agents pursues a court case against another agent or group of agents. A law suit may be settled, dropped, dismissed, or go to trial. Includes noun sense 1 of 'suit' and non sense 1 of 'litigation' and verb sense 1 of 'sue' and noun sense 1 of 'legal action' in WordNet: 1. (390) lawsuit, suit, case, cause, causa - (a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy; 'the family brought suit against the landlord') WN noun 'litigation': 1. (1) litigation, judicial proceeding - (a legal proceeding in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights) WN verb 'sue': 1. (8) action, sue, litigate, process - (institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against; 'He was warned that the district attorney would process him'; 'She actioned the company for discrimination') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourtCase . :LawText :ldoce "law" ; :wnsense "law1n" ; :wordnet "law" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'LawText' is the AbstractText representing a 'Law'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'law' in WordNet: 1. (339) law - (legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity; 'there is a law against kidnapping') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommandPhrase, :TextualPCW, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Law ] . :LawTitle :ldoce "title" ; :wnsense "title1n" ; :wordnet "title" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'LawTitle' is a separate section of some LawText (representing abstractly a section of the Law). Corresponds to sense 9e of 'title' in RHW: 9e. a division of a statute, lawbook, etc., esp. one larger than an article or section. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'title' in WordNet, but this COSMO type is the text of the section, not its 'SectionTitle'; no WordNet sense seems to cover this exactly: in WordNet: 1. (26) title, statute title, rubric - (a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with; 'Title 8 provided federal help for schools') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualPCW, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :LawText ] . :Lawfulness :wnsense "lawfulness1n" ; :wordnet "lawfulness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawfulness' in WordNet: 1. lawfulness - (the quality of conforming to law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legal ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Lawmaker :wnsense "lawgiver1n", "lawmaker1n" ; :wordnet "lawgiver", "lawmaker" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lawmaker'' is any member of a legislative body at any level of government. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawmaker' in WordNet: 1. lawgiver, lawmaker - (a maker of laws; someone who gives a code of laws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leader, :PersonWithOccupation, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingElected ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :Lawn :guid "bd58f62f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lawn1n" ; :wordnet "lawn" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A grassy piece of land in a human-occupied areas, etc. Lawns are usually maintained by mowing, etc. They are often but not always around buildings. COSMO note: this is the physical material that occupies the region defined by the lawn, it is not a region itself. SUMO: A Field of cultivated and mowed Grass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawn' in Wordnet: 1. (14) lawn - (a field of cultivated and mowed grass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Field, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :Yard-BuildingGrounds, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Turf ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :LawnMower :en "lawnmower" ; :enn "lawnmower" ; :wnsense "lawn mower1n", "mower1n" ; :wordnet "lawn mower", "mower" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LawnMower'' is a ''HandTool'' that is designed to cut grass. It is used in ''GrowingPlants'' even though it only cuts them,because maintaining the proper size of plants is a part of growing them.. This includes powered and hand-pushed mowers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawn mower' in WordNet: 1. lawn mower, mower - (garden tool for mowing grass on lawns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, :GardeningTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mowing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Lawrencium :guid "bdb49c72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "103"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Lr1n", "atomic number 1031n", "lawrencium1n" ; :wordnet "Lr", "atomic number 103", "lawrencium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of $Lawrencium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawrencium' in WordNet: 1. lawrencium, Lr, atomic number 103 - (a radioactive transuranic element synthesized from californium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Lawyer :guid "bd58cb30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lawyer" ; :wnsense "attorney1n", "lawyer1n" ; :wordnet "attorney", "lawyer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: SUMO represents professionals by representing the Profession itself. In COSMO a 'Lawyer' is a Person who is licensed to practice the profession of 'LawAsAnOccupation'. SUMO: The Profession of practicing law, whether as a judge or as a legal advocate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lawyer' and noun sense 1 of 'attorney' in WordNet: 1. (15) lawyer, attorney - (a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Graduate, :LegalProfessional, :Licensed-Professional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawLicense ; owl:onProperty :possesses ] . :Laxative :guid "c0fd58c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToTreat :Constipation ; :stimulates :Defecating ; :wnsense "laxative1n" ; :wordnet "laxative" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Instances are such that, if consumed, will relieve constipation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'laxative' in WordNet: 1. laxative - (a mild cathartic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance . :Layer :guid "bdee251a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bed6n", "layer1n", "layer2n" ; :wordnet "bed", "layer" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Each instance of #$Layer is a sheet-like object situated adjacent, surface-to-surface, to at least one surface or layer or region on one side, and possibly to other layers or surfaces on both sides. An instance of #$Layer may be part of a larger object, or it may be an independent whole object, such as a hide confined in a stack of hides. An instance of #$Layer is _not_ an instance of #$FreeSheet. @ToDo add restriction touches surface or sheet. stratum Incljudes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'layer' in Wordnet: 1. (9) layer, bed - (single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance; 'slices of hard-boiled egg on a bed of spinach') 2. (1) layer - (a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfSomeStuff . :Layered :isAnAttributeValueOf :SolidObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :LayeringAnObject ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ layered """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Solid . :LayeredObject :en "layered object" ; :enn "layered object" ; :guid "5ccc1046-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'layered'. Cyc: The physical structural attribute of being layered, laminate, or made of #$Layers, like stratified rock or an onion. An object that is #$Layered has two or more parts that are each #$Layers. COSMO uses this as an Object type at this point (v0.36), but some corresponding attribute should be defined. This is a PhysicalObject. @ToDo: It may be possible to have abstract 'LayeredObject's, such as mathematical objects, or a mental object (e.g. plans with layers of complexity). Not yet (rev1125) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Layer ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Layered ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LayeringAnObject :en "layering", "layering an Object" ; :eng "layering" ; :enn "layering an Object" ; :wnsense "layer1v" ; :wordnet "layer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LayeringAnObject'' is a ''FormingAnArtifact'' in which a ''LayeredObject'' is created by some process, whether by stacking layers on each other or by folding a ''FoldableObject'', or by any other procedure such as depositing layers of some material on a solid object from a solution or from a vapor. NOTE that natural materials may become ''Layered'' by growth from within, such as an onion orthe rings of a tree, but that is a different process from this one. Corresponds appoximately to verb sense 1 of 'layer' (this is for forming multiple layers or putting layers on top of each other) in WordNet: 1. (3) layer - (make or form a layer; 'layer the different colored sands') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FashioningSomething, :FormingAnArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Layered ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LayeredObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Layers :en "layers", "multiple layers" ; :enn "layers", "multiple layers" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Layers'' is a ''Group'' of Objects (physical or abstract) having at least two ''Layer''s spatially arranged so that they form a 'stack' of layers at least two thick. They can be flat, or; curved in any shape, like an onion, including closed shapes like a sphere. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Layer ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :LayingAnEgg :wnsense "lay4v" ; :wordnet "lay" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An event in which some animal deposits an egg outside its own body. Producing ova internally is not a subtype of this Type. This is done by female animals of many genera: birds, fish, insects. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'lay' in WordNet: 4. (4) lay - (lay eggs; 'This hen doesn't lay') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :BiologicalProductionEvent, :EmittingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Egg ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :LayingSomethingHorizontally :ldoce "lay" ; :wnsense "lay2v", "put down2v", "repose5v" ; :wordnet "lay", "put down", "repose" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of 'PuttingSomethingDown' in which an Agent guides a PhysicalObject object onto a surface where it rests with its long dimension near to a horizontal orientation. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lay' in WordNet: 2. (11) lay, put down, repose - (put in a horizontal position; 'lay the books on the table'; 'lay the patient carefully onto the bed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingDown . :Layman :wnsense "layman1n", "layperson1n" ; :wordnet "layman", "layperson" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Layman'' is a ''CommonMan'' (of any sex or age) who is not functioning as a ''Cleric'', or a member of some relgious order. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'layman' in WordNet: 1. (2) layman, layperson, secular - (someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommonMan, :HumanRole ; owl:disjointWith :Cleric . :Layout :wnsense "layout1n" ; :wordnet "layout" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''Layout'' is the ''Design' (an abstract object) that contains specifications, drawings, or descriptions of the spatial arrangement of parts of something (GroupOfObjects, device, document) where the arrangement affects the functioning, utility, or esthetics of the thing designed (e.g. floral arrangement a set of tools, or a page of a doocument). The ''Layout'' is abstract whereas the ''Arrangement'' represented is a Physical thing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'layout' in WordNet: 1. (1) layout - (a plan or design of something that is laid out) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Design, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DesigningAnArrangement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Arrangement ] . :Laziness :wnsense "laziness1n" ; :wordnet "laziness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling that an Animal has when s/he does not want to exert effort. NOTE that WordNet considers this a trait, but for COSMO this term is used for the feeling of not wanting to exert effort, which can be quite temporary. ToDo: Represent habitual laziness? Corresponds partly to noun sense 1 of 'laziness' in WordNet, but in WordNet this is of a different type: in WordNet: 1. indolence, laziness - (inactivity resulting from a dislike of work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Lazy :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Laziness ; :ldoce "lazy" ; :wnsense "faineant1adj", "indolent1adj", "lazy2adj", "otiose3adj", "slothful1adj", "work-shy1adj" ; :wordnet "faineant", "indolent", "lazy", "otiose", "slothful", "work-shy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone feeling Laziness. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lazy' in WordNet: 2. (2) faineant, indolent, lazy, otiose, slothful, work-shy - (disinclined to work or exertion; 'faineant kings under whose rule the country languished'; 'an indolent hanger-on'; 'too lazy to wash the dishes'; 'shiftless idle youth'; 'slothful employees'; 'the unemployed are not necessarily work-shy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Lead :hasProtonCount "82"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "lead" ; :wnsense "lead1n" ; :wordnet "lead" ; a :ElementType, :MalleableThingType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The metallic element of atomic number 82, having a high density. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lead' in WordNet: 1. (11) lead, Pb, atomic number 82 - (a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey; 'the children were playing with lead soldiers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :LeadInaCompetition :ldoce "lead" ; :wnsense "lead2n", "lead7n" ; :wordnet "lead" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'LeadInaCompetition' is an 'Advantage' (a Difference) in which the first entity of the OrderedPair is judged by some criterion or agent to be 'leading' or 'ahead', i.e. having the advantage at that time. This is usually significant only for specific times during the competition, as who wins is usually the issue of most concern at the end of the competitin. But the 'LeadInaCompetition' may still be of interest at the end of the competition, as when one record the winning margin in a horse race ('two lengths', 'a nose') or the score difference in a scored game ('won by twenty points - a blowout'). This type, as a Difference, allows on to specify precisely how much of a 'lead' a competitor has. One who has a 'LeadInaCompetition' has the attributeValue 'AheadInaCompetition'. Includes noun senses 3 and 7 of 'lead' in WordNet: 2. (7) lead - (an advantage held by a competitor in a race; 'he took the lead at the last turn') 7. lead - ((sports) the score by which a team or individual is winning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advantage . :LeadPencil :en "lead-pencil" ; :wnsense "lead pencil1n" ; :wordnet "lead pencil" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pencil'' that has an enclosed thin rod of graphite, which substance is rubbed off the pencil and makes the marks on a surface when witing. From RHW sense 1: a slender tube of wood, metal, plastic, etc., containing a core or strip of graphite, a solid coloring material, or the like, used for writing or drawing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lead pencil' in WordNet: 1. (1) lead pencil - (pencil that has graphite as the marking substance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pencil, :PointyEndedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Graphite ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :LeadToaSolution :wnsense "lead3n", "track2n", "trail3n" ; :wordnet "lead", "track", "trail" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LeadToaSolution'' is one or more piees of ''Evidence'' that suggests a solution to some question. Very broad, but narrower than just ''Evidence''in that it points to additional inquiries that can give definitive evidence. Commonly used in Police investigations. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'track' in WordNet: 3. (3) lead, track, trail - (evidence pointing to a possible solution; \"the police are following a promising lead\"; \"the trail led straight to the perpetrator\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suggestive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolutionToaProblem ; owl:onProperty :isEvidenceFor ] . :Leader :guid "c10af978-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "leader1n" ; :wordnet "leader" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of persons. Each instance of #$Leader is a person who heads an instance of #$Organization, or in unusual cases, leads a group that is informally constituted. Typically, a leader of an organization makes major decisions on behalf of the whole organization, has the authority to direct the organization's personnel to carry out those decisions, and is empowered to engage or negotiate with external agents to achieve the organization's goals. This collection includes leaders of sub-organizations of larger organizations, such as department heads within larger organizations. Note that a single person may be a leader in more than one organization. See also the predicates #$hasLeaders and #$seniorExecutives, and the collection #$Manager. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leader' in Wordnet: 1. (23) leader - (a person who rules or guides or inspires others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfluentialPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :GroupOfPeople :Person :Follower :Action :AgentType :ActionType :CollectiveAgent ) ] ] . :Leadership :wnsense "leaders1n", "leadership2n" ; :wordnet "leaders", "leadership" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Leadership'' is A ''SocialGroup'' who perform the actions of ''Leading'' some Organization or GroupOfPeople. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'leadership' in WordNet: 2. (6) leadership, leaders - (the body of people who lead a group; 'the national leadership adopted his plan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGroup . :Leading :ldoce "lead" ; :wnsense "lead15v", "lead5v", "lead7v", "leadership1n", "leading2n" ; :wordnet "lead", "leadership", "leading" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Leading is a type of Communicating in which a Person succeeds in persuading (perhaps by virtue of his/her authority) another person(s) to perform some actions. The prototypical Leading action is a persuasion by virtue of convincing argument, or by virtue of some admirable personality trait. Leading is more specific than just persuading someone to act, since there must be actions performed by more than one person in a group in order to qualify someone's action as 'Leading' 'Leading' is what a Leader does. None of the WordNet sense of verb 'lead' fits closely with this sense, which is for the general sense of inluencing a group of people to do something. Some of the WordNet senses are more specific subtype of this COSMO sense, but sense 5 is used for things that are not people, as well as for people (in a hypernym). WordNet sense of verb 'lead' in WordNet: 15. moderate, chair, lead - (preside over; 'John moderated the discussion') 7. (13) head, lead - (be in charge of; 'Who is heading this project?') 5. lead - (cause to undertake a certain action; 'Her greed led her to forge the checks') WN noun 'leadership': 1. (9) leadership, leading - (the activity of leading; 'his leadership inspired the team') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething, :OrganizationalProcess, :PersuadingToAct . :LeadingAnEmpire a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LeadingAnEmpire' is the Profession of a person who who is the supreme commander of some 'Empire' controlled by some government. The ruling power may be constitutional, hereditary, acquired by military fiat, or other mechanism. See ''Emperor-HeadOfState'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeadingaState . :LeadingaState a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LeadingaState' is the Profession of a person who who is the supreme commander of some country or less formal area that is at least nominally controlled by some government. The ruling power may be constitutional, hereditary, acquired by military fiat, or other mechanism. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profession . :Leaf :guid "bd58ef35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "leaf" ; :wnsense "leaf1n" ; :wordnet "leaf" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The main photosynthetic organ of most green plants, consisting of a lateral outgrowth from a stem and comprising lamina, petiole, and leaf base. SUMO: An Organ of Plants whose main purpose is photosynthesis. NOTE: WN synset includes singular and collective senses. This is for the singular 'one leaf'; the collective sense is represented as ''Foliage''. Corresponds to part (singular leaf) noun sense 1 of 'leaf' in WordNet: 1. (20) leaf, leafage, foliage - (the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantPart . :Leafy :wnsense "leafy1adj" ; :wordnet "leafy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of objects,usually plants, that many leaves: for plants, the leaves are on the plant; but this may describe places or objects on which many leaves have fallen. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leafy' in WordNet: 1. leafy - (having or covered with leaves; 'leafy trees'; 'leafy vegetables') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Leaking :en "leaking" ; :wnsense "leak3v", "leak4n", "leakage1n" ; :wordnet "leak", "leakage" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An undesirable passage of any fluid, liquid or gas into or out of a compartment or barrier intended to keep fluid in or out, caused by imperfections - cracks, holes, fissures - in the barrier, container, or outer surface of the compartment. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'leak' in WordNet: 3. leak - (enter or escape as through a hole or crack or fissure; 'Water leaked out of the can into the backpack'; 'Gas leaked into the basement') WN noun 'leak: 4. escape, leak, leakage, outflow - (the unwanted discharge of a fluid from some container; 'they tried to stop the escape of gas from the damaged pipe'; 'he had to clean up the leak') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidFlowEvent, :IssuingForth, :UndesirableEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropertyDamage ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Leakproof :isAnAttributeValueOf :ContainerArtifact, :PhysicalObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SealingSomething ; :wnsense "leakproof1adj" ; :wordnet "leakproof" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leakproof;; is the subattribute of ''Sealed'' specifying that the PhysicalObject characterized was sealed in a manner that prevents leaking (seepage) of fluids - liquids or gases - into or outside of the container. NOTE that this applies both to closed containers and to open-top 'containers' such as boats, which usually have the ''Hull'' sealed in some manner to prevent water leaking in. In older wooden ships the ''Sealant'' was often some form of ''Tar''. NOTE that the adjective ''Waterproof'' is usually used for objects that do not allow water to get *in*; whereas ''Leakproof'' is for containers that do not allow water to get *out*. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'leakproof' in Wordnet: 1. leakproof - (not subject to leaks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sealed . :Lean :isTheOppositeOf :Fat ; :ldoce "lean", "thin" ; :wnsense "lean1adj", "thin2adj" ; :wordnet "lean", "thin" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Lean' is an attribute specifically applying to animals, indicating that it has a relatively low fat content, and is therefore thinner than the average or typical animal of that type. This is used mostly for people. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lean' and sense 2 of 'thin' in WordNet: 1. (5) thin, lean - (lacking excess flesh; 'you can't be too rich or too thin'; 'Yon Cassius has a lean and hungry look'-Shakespeare) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thin . :LeaningOnSomething :guid "c0e72853-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lean" ; :wnsense "lean4v" ; :wordnet "lean" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action performed by an Animal that applies a force to something by putting the body in such a posture that at least part of the force of gravity on the body of the animal is transmitted to the object being leaned on. The thing leaned on may or may not actually suipport the thing leaning on it. This differs from other variants of 'ApplyingAForce' in that the force depends on gravity, but is not a case of 'being supported' The closest WordNet sense of 'lean' is sense 4, but that sense also includes the metaphorical supporting action, not included here.. in WordNet: 4. (1) lean - (rely on for support; 'We can lean on this man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ApplyingAForce, :ChangingPosture, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent . :LeaningOver :ldoce "lean" ; :wnsense "lean1v" ; :wordnet "lean" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action performed by an Animal that is normally in an upright posture, and temporarily deviates that posture so as to be inclined from the vertical, forward, backward,or sideward. The leaning action may or may not make use of a support, but this represents the action of going through the leaning motion. This is usually followed at some time interval by a 'getting up'. This type includes as a subtype ''Reclining'' in which the body rests on some support. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lean' in WordNet: 1. (24) lean, tilt, tip, slant, angle - (to incline or bend from a vertical position; 'She leaned over the banister') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :AnimalActivity, :ChangingPosture . :LeapYear :wnsense "bissextile year1n", "intercalary year1n", "leap year1n" ; :wordnet "bissextile year", "intercalary year", "leap year" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all leap years. These are years which are either (i.) evenly divisible by 4 and not by 100 or (ii.) evenly divisible by 400 (this latter case is known as a leap century) The year 2000 AD was a ''LeapYear''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leap year' in WordNet: 1. leap year, intercalary year, 366 days, bissextile year - (in the Gregorian calendar: any year divisible by 4 except centenary years not divisible by 400) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Year . :Leaping :ldoce "jump" ; :wnsense "bounce1n", "bound1n", "bound1v", "leap1n", "leap1v", "leaping1n", "saltation5n", "spring1v", "spring4n" ; :wordnet "bounce", "bound", "leap", "leaping", "saltation", "spring" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leaping'' is a ''Jumping'' Action that includes a movement forward. Corresponds to part (for forward motion by ''Jumping'') of verb 'leap' in WordNet: 1. (19) jump, leap, bound, spring - (move forward by leaps and bounds; 'The horse bounded across the meadow'; 'The child leapt across the puddle'; 'Can you jump over the fence?') WN noun 'leap': 1. (5) leap, leaping, spring, saltation, bound, bounce - (a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForwardMotion, :Jumping . :Learned :wnsense "erudite1adj", "knowledgeable1adj", "learned1adj" ; :wordnet "erudite", "knowledgeable", "learned" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Learned' is the attribute of someone who has accumulated a deep body of Knowledge substantially larger than average even for a person who has studied that field, which was derived in large part by studying books. This can be about a particular FieldOfStudy or about Knowledge in general. This includes sense 1 of 'learned'and sense 1 of 'erudite' and sense 1 of 'knowledgeable' in WordNet: WN adjective 'learned' 1. (7) erudite, learned - (having or showing profound knowledge; 'a learned jurist'; 'an erudite professor') WN 'knowledgeable': 1. (1) enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, well-educated, well-read - (highly educated; having extensive information or understanding; 'an enlightened public'; 'knowing instructors'; 'a knowledgeable critic'; 'a knowledgeable audience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledgeable, :Literate . :LearnedActivityType :guid "be6f173a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this metatype has not been used up to v0.54. It includes all actions that need some kind of training beyond mere observation and repetition. Things that need years of training are represented as 'SkilledActivityType'. In Chinese, there is a difference in the words used to say one 'knows' how to do somnething, if that thing is learned or not learned (like knowing a person). This seems to be a fundamental and intuitive difference. An example is knowing how to speak Chinese. Using any complex device is an instance of 'LearnedActivityType', even if the learning is fast, intuitive (for us moderns) and easy. Cyc: This is the collection of activities which must first be learned before they can be performed - i.e., before any role which is a specPred of #$doneBy can be played.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :CapabilityType . :LearnedByConditioning :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Conditioning ; :wnsense "conditioned1adj", "learned3adj", "learned4adj" ; :wordnet "conditioned", "learned" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LearnedByConditioning'' is the attribute of ''Action''s that are learned by the ''Conditioning'' process. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'conditioned' in Wordnet: 1. conditioned, learned - (established by conditioning or learning; 'a conditioned response') WN adj 'learned': 4. learned - (acquired by learning; 'learned skills') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Learner :wnsense "learner1n" ; :wordnet "learner" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Learner'' is the most general category of people who are trying to learn something - general knowledge or specialized skills. THe subtypes are more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'learner' in WordNet: 1. (1) learner, scholar, assimilator - (someone (especially a child) who learns (as from a teacher) or takes up knowledge or beliefs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Learning ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unknowing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Learning :en "get wind of" ; :guid "bd58ef72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "learn" ; :wnsense "find out2v", "get wind1v", "hear2v", "learn1v", "learn2v", "learn3v", "learning1n" ; :wordnet "find out", "get wind", "hear", "learn", "learning" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events, brief or extended, in which an agent is actually acquiring information or know-how. This applies to almost all reading events, with the interpretation that reading means to learn (to some extent) what was written in the written material, even if that material is fictional or useless information, or the information content was already known - unless the reader does not remember any of what was read, in which case it is not 'Learning'.. NOTE: for sucessful learning see ''AssimilatingInformation''. For an instance of learning, to specify what is learned, one instantiates the class 'KnowingSomething' and points to that with the relation 'caused'. That instance of 'KnowingSomething' will point to the thing that is known as a result of that instance of 'learning'. NOTE: intentional attempts at learning,such as searching and investigation, even if unsuccessful, are categorized as 'Learning' in COSMO because information is obtained, even in unsuccessful search, where the searcher learns that what is sought is not present where it was sought. In some language, 'study' and 'learn' are the same word, but in COSMO 'Studying' is an attempt to Learn by reading, and that attempt may not be successful, especially if it is directed at a specific topic and nothing new is discovered in the text about that topic. SUMO: The Class of Processes which relate to the acquisition of information. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'learn' in Wordnet: 1. (91) learn, larn, acquire - (gain knowledge or skills; 'She learned dancing from her sister'; 'I learned Sanskrit'; 'Children acquire language at an amazing rate') 2. (53) learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out, get a line, discover, see - (get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally; 'I learned that she has two grown-up children'; 'I see that you have been promoted') 3. (6) memorize, memorise, con, learn - (commit to memory; learn by heart; 'Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?') WN noun 'learning': 1. (4) learning, acquisition - (the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge; 'the child's acquisition of language') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :PurposefulAction, :ReceivingInformation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnowingSomething ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :KnowingSomething ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewKnowledge ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ] . :LearningAboutaTopic a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LearningAboutaTopic' is a subtype of Learning that can be used when the KE wants to specify explcitly the Topic that is being learned. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Learning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :LearningExperience :en "learning experience" ; :enn "learning experience" ; :wnsense "acquire7v", "develop3v", "evolve3v" ; :wordnet "acquire", "develop", "evolve" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LearningExperience'' is a Group of ''BackgroundExperiences'' (a protracted series of ''Experience''s) that impart to a Person some trait or habit or a significant degree of familiarity with and competence and expertise in some type of task (''WorkingEvent''). Includes . This does not necessarily mean that the Person doing the learning is intending to learn the thing learned - it could also be an unintended thing learned (e.g. to dislike something). Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'develop' in WordNet: 3. (42) develop, acquire, evolve - (gain through experience; 'I acquired a strong aversion to television'; 'Children must develop a sense of right and wrong'; 'Dave developed leadership qualities in his new position'; 'develop a passion for painting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Familiarization, :Learning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Educational ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expertise ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expert ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seasoned ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :LearningHowToDoSomething :en "acquire the abilty to", "learn how to" ; :wnsense "acquire6v", "learn1v", "pick up5v" ; :wordnet "acquire", "learn", "pick up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """LearningHowToDoSomething is a form of Learning in which an animal becomes able to perform some IntentionalAction that cannot be performed without being learned. This is distinguished from learning something that is merely stored in the memory (though that is also useful). LearningHowToDoSomething (if successful) creates a 'Skill'. The restriction states that 'LearningHowToDoSomething' creates a Skill. A single session of practice will usually not be enough for a person to learn a Skill well, so the restriction has to be interpreted as meaning that it creates *some level* of skill, which may be well below expert level. verb sense 1 of 'learn' in WordNet: 1. (91) learn, larn, acquire - (gain knowledge or skills; 'She learned dancing from her sister'; 'I learned Sanskrit'; 'Children acquire language at an amazing rate') WN verb 'pick up': 5. (4) learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out, get a line, discover, see - (get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally; 'I learned that she has two grown-up children'; 'I see that you have been promoted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Learning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Skill ] . :LearningProcedure a :PlanType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LearningProcedure'' is a 'Procedure' designed to help a Person learn something - whether facts or how to do things. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProceduralKnowledge, :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Learning ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Leash :wnsense "lead13n", "leash1n", "tether1n" ; :wordnet "lead", "leash", "tether" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Leash'' is a 'PhysicalRestraint' consisting of a colar and an attached line that allows a Person to restrict the movement of anothr Animal (including people, though usually used for non-human Animals.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leash' in WordNet: 1. (2) leash, tether, lead - (restraint consisting of a rope (or light chain) used to restrain an animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :PhysicalRestraint, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Collar ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :LeashingAnAnimal :wnsense "leash1v" ; :wordnet "leash" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LeashingAnAnimal'' is a ''TetheringAnAnimal'' using a ''Leash''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'leash' (not for roping bags) in WordNet: 1. rope, leash - (fasten with a rope; 'rope the bag securely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TetheringAnAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WalkingAway ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leash ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Least :isTheOppositeOf :Largest ; :wnsense "least1adj" ; :wordnet "least" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Least' is an attribute of something that is the smallest (in size or quantity) among some specific group of things. This is categorized here as a 'QualitativeAttributeValue' rather than quantitative. @ToDo: some pointer to the other things that this is larger than should be included - perhaps as done with 'AheadInaCompetition'?? Here we point to the Group of which this is the 'Least' Corersponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'least' in WordNet: 1. (2) least - (the superlative of 'little' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by 'the'; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree; 'didn't care the least bit'; 'he has the least talent of anyone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Leather :guid "bd58c1b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "leather" ; :wnsense "leather1n" ; :wordnet "leather" ; a :FabricType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Substance Leather - for a piece of Leather, use 'LeatherObject'. Note that as a subtype of 'Fabric', Leather is considered an ArtificialSubstance - because it must be processed to become Leather. Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Leather is a piece of tanned animal hide. Instances of #$Leather are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of shoes, gloves, upholstery, satchels and purses, saddles, and other items. SUMO: A Fabric that is the result of tanning an Animal Skin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leather' in WordNet: 1. (11) leather - (an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, :OrganicSubstance, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foldable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LeatherObject :guid "bd58c1b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object made of ''Leather'' from any ''Vertebrate'' with a dressable hide) - a subtype of ''Hide''.. Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Leather is a piece of tanned animal hide. Instances of #$Leather are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of shoes, gloves, upholstery, satchels and purses, saddles, and other items. SUMO: A Fabric that is the result of tanning an Animal Skin. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :BendableObject, :FabricObject, :Hide, :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, :OrganicMaterialObject, :SheetArtifact, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leather ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertebrate ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :LeatherStrip :wnsense "leather strip1n" ; :wordnet "leather strip" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LeatherStrip'' is a flexible CordlikeObject (not a ''Strap'', which is flattened) of any length that can be used free or attached to other Objects, as a component of some ArtifactObject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leather strip' in WordNet: 1. leather strip - (implement consisting of a strip of leather) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :CordlikeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leather ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Leathery :contrastsWith :Limp, :Rigid ; :wnsense "coriaceous1adj", "leathered1adj", "leatherlike1adj", "leathery1adj" ; :wordnet "coriaceous", "leathered", "leatherlike", "leathery" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leathery'' is an attribute of sheet-like objects or substances that are solid and flexible, but not limp. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'leathery' in WordNet: 1. coriaceous, leathered, leatherlike, leathery - (resembling or made to resemble leather; tough but pliable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Firm, :Flexible, :Solid . :Leaven :wnsense "leaven1n", "leavening2n" ; :wordnet "leaven", "leavening" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Here to complete level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.39). This is any substance used to 'raise' dough by causing bubbles (as of carbon dioxide) to form and remain when the dough is set. The definitions in WN and RHW seems to imply that inorganic leaven such as baking soda cause 'fermentation', but that is not correct - they only release carbon dioxide. RHW: 'a substance, as yeast or baking powder, that causes fermentation and expansion of dough or batter.' **this should be 'causes expansion, as by fermentation'. The inorganics do no cause fermentation. ** Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'leaven' in WordNet: 1. leaven, leavening - (a substance used to produce fermentation in dough or a liquid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leavening ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ] . :Leavened :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Leavening ; :wnsense "leavened1adj" ; :wordnet "leavened" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leavened'' is the attribute of a ''Bread'' substance or ''BreadObject'' that has been 'raised' (made lighter in density by causing gas bubbles (usually CO2) to be generated inside) in a ''Leavening'' Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'leavened' in Wordnet: 1. (1) leavened - (made light by aerating, as with yeast or baking powder; often used as a combining form; 'leavened bread'; 'well-leavened'; 'yeast-leavened breads') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :LeavenedFoodObject :en "leavened food", "leavened food object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LeavenedFoodObject'' consists of a ''PieceOfDough'' that has been 'raised' with leaven. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leavened ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yeast-Raised ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Leavening :wnsense "leaven1v" ; :wordnet "leaven" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Leavening'' is the act of adding ''Leaven'' to Dough or sugar-containing liquid to cause 'fermentation'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'leaven' in WordNet: 1. raise, leaven, prove - (cause to puff up with a leaven; 'unleavened bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fermenting ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leaven ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ] . :LeaveningDough :wnsense "leaven1v", "raise15v" ; :wordnet "leaven", "raise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Leavening'' is the act of adding ''Leaven'' to Dough or sugar-containing liquid to cause 'fermentation'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'leaven' in WordNet: 1. raise, leaven, prove - (cause to puff up with a leaven; 'unleavened bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leavening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dough ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaisingDough ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :LeavingAnOrganization :guid "c0b4e100-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "depart5v", "leave8v", "pull up stakes1v" ; :wordnet "depart", "leave", "pull up stakes" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'OrganizationalTransferOut': A specialization of #$OrganizationalTransfer. Each instance of #$OrganizationalTransferOut is an event in which some agent (an instance of #$IntelligentAgent) loses membership in some organization. Instances of #$OrganizationalTransferOut would thus include lay-offs, expulsions, and excommunications. Note that any event in which an agent leaves one organization to join another would be an instance of both #$OrganizationalTransferIn (q.v.) and #$OrganizationalTransferOut. Corresponds to verb sense 8 of 'leave' in WordNet: 8. (14) leave, depart, pull up stakes - (remove oneself from an association with or participation in; 'She wants to leave'; 'The teenager left home'; 'She left her position with the Red Cross'; 'He left the Senate after two terms'; 'after 20 years with the same company, she pulled up stakes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupTransferOut, :OrganizationalTransfer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JoiningAnOrganization ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganizationMember ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organization ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ] . :LeavingSomeoneInTheLurch :en "leave in the lurch" ; :eng "leaving in the lurch" ; :env "leave in the lurch" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LeavingSomeoneInTheLurch' is a ''Forsaking'' where The ''Person''(s) abandoned are left in an uncomfortable situation that might have beena voided without the 'leaving in the lurch' action. RHW 'leave in the lurch': to leave in an uncomfortable or desperate situation; desert in time of trouble: Our best salesperson left us in the lurch at the peak of the busy season. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forsaking . :LeavingSomethingBehind a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LeavingSomethingBehind'' is a ''LeavingaPlace'' where the Person leaving leaves something behind. This may be intentional or unintentional,and the thing left behind can be something physical (including people) or something intangible. This can be broadly interpreted. The thing left behind is pointed to by the relation ''hasDirectObject''. ''Being left behind' is caused by this Action. NOTE: 'good luck' leaving is not included: this is for people 'leaving' something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'leave' in WordNet: 2. (63) leave - (go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness; 'She left a mess when she moved out'; 'His good luck finally left him'; 'her husband left her after 20 years of marriage'; 'she wept thinking she had been left behind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeavingaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :LeavingaPathOfTravel :en "exit a path", "exiting a path", "going off a path", "leave a path", "leaving a path" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LeavingaPathOfTravel'' is a ''ChangingDirectionOfMotion'' performed by some SolidObject that has been moving along some ''PathArtifact'' on or under the Earth's surface. This is an intransitive sense. This can be for wheeled vehicles on a Roadway or on a Railway, or for people traveling along some path on foot. This is for something that has a defined path on which it could continue to move, and this action is a deviation from continuing along the usual path. This can be for, example, getting off a highway at some exit, or leaving a hiking trail to take a side-trail or explore some area, or a train derailing, or emerging from a tunnel somewhere other than at the end. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirectionOfMotion, :LeavingaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :PathArtifact ] . :LeavingaPlace :guid "bd648768-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "leave" ; :wnsense "depart1v", "depart3v", "depart4v", "departure1n", "go away1v", "go away2v", "go forth1v", "go3v", "going away1n", "going1n", "leave1v", "leaving1n", "set forth2v", "set off2v" ; :wordnet "depart", "departure", "go", "go away", "go forth", "going", "going away", "leave", "leaving", "set forth", "set off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: driving out of some place is included as well as walking away. The result of a 'LeavingaPlace' is that the entity that leaves is no longer at that place: it creates an 'Absence', at least temporaty. The restriction requires that the 'Absence' be specified, and that will specify the Place as well as the thing that has left and is absent. Cyc: A specialization of both #$TransferOut and #$Translation-LocationChange. Each instance of #$LeavingAPlace is an event in which the performer (see the predicate #$performedBy) moves, under its own control and often under its own power, from one location to another. Notable specializations of #$LeavingAPlace include #$EvacuatingAPlace and #$ExitingAContainer. Includes verb sense 1 of 'leave' and sense 1, 3, and 4 of 'depart' in WordNet: 1. (151) leave, go forth, go away - (go away from a place; 'At what time does your train leave?'; 'She didn't leave until midnight'; 'The ship leaves at midnight') WN verb 'depart': 1. (11) go, go away, depart - (move away from a place into another direction; 'Go away before I start to cry'; 'The train departs at noon') 3. (3) depart, part, start, start out, set forth, set off, set out, take off - (leave; 'The family took off for Florida') 4. (1) depart, take leave, quit - (go away or leave) WN noun 'departure': 1. (8) departure, going, going away, leaving - (act of departing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringOrExitingSomething, :LocomotionEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :TransferOut, :Translation-LocationChange, :WholeBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absence ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :LeavingaResidue :en "lead to", "result in" ; :wnsense "lead2v", "leave7v", "result2v" ; :wordnet "lead", "leave", "result" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LeavingaResidue'' is any Event in which some Liquid or semiliquid substance deposits something - solid particles or some staining substance - on a solid surface. Corresponds to part (leving a residue) of verb sense 7 of 'leave' in WordNet: 7. (16) leave, result, lead -(have as a result or residue; 'The water left a mark on the silk dress'; 'Her blood left a stain on the napkin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Lebanese :isAnAttributeValueOf :Lebanon ; :pertainsTo :LebanesePerson, :Lebanon ; :wnsense "Lebanese1adj" ; :wordnet "Lebanese" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Lebanese' in Wordnet: 1. Lebanese - (of or relating to or characteristic of Lebanon or its people; 'Lebanese mountains') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LebanesePerson :wnsense "Lebanese1n" ; :wordnet "Lebanese" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lebanese' in Wordnet: 1. Lebanese - (a native or inhabitant of Lebanon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lebanon ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Lebanon :wnsense "Lebanon1n" ; :wordnet "Lebanon" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lebanon' in Wordnet: 1. Lebanon, Lebanese Republic - (an Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean) """ . :Lecithin :hasComponentSubstance :Nitrogen, :Phosphorus ; :wnsense "lecithin1n" ; :wordnet "lecithin" ; a :LipidType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lecithin''is a ''PhosphoLipid'' important in metabolism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lecithin' in WordNet: 1. lecithin - (a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; used commercially as an emulsifier) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhosphoLipid . :Lectern :guid "bd58bb60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lectern1n", "reading desk1n" ; :wordnet "lectern", "reading desk" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ a piece of furniture which is used in giving speeches - the speaker stands behind it and puts their notes on it Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lectern' in WordNet: 1. lectern, reading desk - (desk or stand with a slanted top used to hold a text at the proper height for a lecturer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desk, :HexalateralObject, :Pedestal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Document-Physical ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Document-Physical ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublicSpeaking ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lecture ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReadingWhileStanding ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :Lector :wnsense "lecturer1n" ; :wordnet "lecturer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One who gives a lecture; includes a teacher who teaches by lecturing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lecturer' in Wordnet: 1. (2) lector, lecturer, reader - (a public lecturer at certain universities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lecturer . :Lecture :guid "bd58c853-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lecture1n", "lecture3n", "lecturing1n", "public lecture1n", "talk4n" ; :wordnet "lecture", "lecturing", "public lecture", "talk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of communication actions, a subset of #$PublicSpeaking. Each instance of this collection is an action where some primary actor(s) are mostly speaking and audience members are mostly listening. This type is not a subtype of 'Lesson' because it can be a single-event Lecture, and not part of a course of instruction. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'lecture' in Wordnet: 1. (8) lecture, public lecture, talk - (a speech that is open to the public; 'he attended a lecture on telecommunications') 3. lecture, lecturing - (teaching by giving a discourse on some subject (typically to a class)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, :PublicSpeech, :Teaching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReadingWhileStanding ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Lecturer :guid "bd5886fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lecturer1n" ; :wordnet "lecturer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One who gives a lecture; includes a teacher who teaches by lecturing. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lecturer' in Wordnet: 2. (1) lecturer - (someone who lectures professionally) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Teacher . :LeeHarveyOswald :hasMassInGrams "70000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :wasTheAgentInAction :MurderOfJFK ; a :BadGuy, :DeadPerson, :MalePerson . :Leer :wnsense "leer1n" ; :wordnet "leer" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN 'sneer' is included with 'leer' but these are different expressions in COSMO; 'leer' is reserved for the look suggestive of sexual desire. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leer' in WordNet: 1. sneer, leer - (a facial expression of contempt or scorn; the upper lip curls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualDesire ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Leering :wnsense "leer1v", "leer2n" ; :wordnet "leer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leering'' is a ''Looking'' in which a man looks at a woman with an expression sugggesting interest of a sexual nature. sexual desire, eros, RHW: to look with a sideways or oblique glance, esp. suggestive of lascivious interest or sly and malicious intention: I can't concentrate with you leering at me. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'leer' in WordNet: 1. (3) leer - (look suggestively or obliquely; look or gaze with a sly, immodest, or malign expression; 'The men leered at the young women on the beach') WN noun 'leer': 2. leer - (a suggestive or sneering look or grin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking . :Leeway :wnsense "allowance4n", "leeway2n", "margin of error1n", "margin6n", "tolerance5n" ; :wordnet "allowance", "leeway", "margin", "margin of error", "tolerance" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leeway'' is a 'DifferenceValue' that is either (1)the allowable difference between an optimum value and the actual value achieved (in some action); or (2) the difference between the width of a space into which an object is fitted, and the width of the object (tolerance); or (3) a margin of error expected in a measurement; or (4) any similar difference between the optimal or expected value of something and the actual vale observed in a situation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'leeway' and includes noun sense 1 of 'margin of error' (which could be a subtype) in WordNet: 2. allowance, leeway, margin, tolerance - (a permissible difference; allowing some freedom to move within limits) WN noun 'margin of error': 1. margin of safety, safety margin, margin of error - (the margin required in order to insure safety; 'in engineering the margin of safety is the strength of the material minus the anticipated stress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DifferenceValue . :Left :isAnAttributeValueOf :LeftAndRightSidedObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :Rightward ; :ldoce "left" ; :wnsense "left1adj" ; :wordnet "left" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Left' is the attribute of some thing (object, location) that is to the left side, from the perspective of some observer, or in reference to a region of some 'LeftAndRightSidedObject' (for which Left and Right sides are absolute references). The opposite is 'Rightward'. This attribute is meaningful only if the observer or LeftAndRightSidedObject are understood, to provide the frame of reference. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'left' in WordNet: 1. (39) left - (being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north; 'my left hand'; 'left center field'; 'the left bank of a river is bank on your left side when you are facing downstream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionalAttributeValue, :OrientationMeasure . :Left-Handed :isTheOppositeOf :Right-Handed ; :wnsense "left-handed1adj" ; :wordnet "left-handed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This mixes two different meanings - should be distinguished. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'left-handed' in Wordnet: 1. left-handed - (using or intended for the left hand; 'left-handed golfers need left-handed clubs'; 'left-handed scissors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Left-HandedPitcher :wnsense "left hander1n", "left-handed pitcher1n", "left-hander1n", "lefthander1n", "lefty2n", "southpaw1n" ; :wordnet "left hander", "left-handed pitcher", "left-hander", "lefthander", "lefty", "southpaw" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'left-hander' in WordNet: 1. left-handed pitcher, left-hander, left hander, lefthander, lefty, southpaw - (a baseball pitcher who throws the ball with the left hand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPitcher, :Left-Hander, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PitchingLeftHanded ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Left-Hander :en "left hander", "lefthander" ; :enn "left hander", "lefthander" ; :wnsense "left-hander2n", "lefty1n", "southpaw2n" ; :wordnet "left-hander", "lefty", "southpaw" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'left-hander' in WordNet: 2. (1) left-hander, lefty, southpaw - (a person who uses the left hand with greater skill than the right; 'their pitcher was a southpaw') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :QuittingAction ] . :Left-Wing :pertainsTo :LeftWing, :Leftist, :Liberal ; :wnsense "left-of-center1adj", "left-wing1adj", "leftist1adj" ; :wordnet "left-of-center", "left-wing", "leftist" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Left-Wing'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the ''LeftWing'' of some ''PoliticalParty'' or any of its members or supporters. Very loosely applied to liberals as well as extreme ''Leftist''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'left-wing' in Wordnet: 1. leftist, left-of-center, left-wing - (believing in or supporting tenets of the political left) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LeftAndRightMargins :en "margins" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''LeftAndRightMargins'' is the Group of two ''PageMargin''s on some ''Page''that are located to the left and to the right of the text on that Page. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PageMargin ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :LeftAndRightSidedObject :guid "beb9d424-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$LeftAndRightSidedObject is an object with an intrinsic left side and an intrinsic right side. By 'intrinsic' we mean simply that there exists an established convention according to which one side is considered 'Left' and the other side is considered 'Right'. Usually, the two sides can be reliably distinguished from one another. Notice that a conventionally distinguishable left and right do not necessarily imply a bottom and top, or a front and back. Interestingly, it has proved impossible so far to find instances of objects with a left and right but no top, bottom, front or back. It is unclear why this should be so, but it apparently pertains to human psychology in reasoning about directions. However, if an object has a conventionally distinguished top, bottom, front, and back, then these suffice to determine an intrinsic left and an intrinsic right. Notice also--and this is crucial to the whole conception--that while a #$LeftAndRightSidedObject may well have a preferred orientation, changing this orientation does not change what counts as 'left' and what counts as 'right': if you turn me upside down my left side does not become my right side and my right side my left. If an entity does not obey this rule then it does not, generally speaking, count as having a distinguishable left and right--example: a houseplant.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BilateralObject . :LeftField :wnsense "left field1n", "left4n", "leftfield1n" ; :wordnet "left", "left field", "leftfield" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'LeftField' is a part of a BaseballField outside the area delimited by the four bases, and to the left of CenterField, as viewed by someone at home plate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'left field' in WordNet: 1. left field, leftfield, left - (the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left; \"the batter flied out to left\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticFieldPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Baseball ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballField ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :LeftHumanArm :en "left arm" ; :enn "left arm" ; a :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''LeftHumanArm'' is the Left-hand ''Arm''of a Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Left ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LeftHumanLeg :ldoce "leg" ; :wnsense "leg1n" ; :wordnet "leg" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The left Leg on a human. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leg' in WordNet: 1. (75) leg - (a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanLeg . :LeftThumb :en "left thumb" ; a :FingerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The big end finger on a primate's left hand" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thumb . :LeftWing :en "political left" ; :enn "political left" ; :wnsense "left wing1n", "left2n" ; :wordnet "left", "left wing" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''LeftWing'' is the 'Faction'' of a ''PoliticalParty'' consisting of the ''Leftist''s in that ''PoliticalParty''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'left wing' in WordNet: 1. left, left wing - (those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActivityTypeFocusGroup, :Faction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leftist ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliticalPartyMembers ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ] . :Leftist :guid "c0d9dd42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "collectivist1n", "left-winger1n", "leftist1n" ; :wordnet "collectivist", "left-winger", "leftist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Leftist'' is a ''Liberal'' whose views support a larger role of Government than the average ''Liberal''. But not an extremist. CYC: Agents with this ideology advocate reform or overthrow of established order, usually in the name of the good of the common man. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leftist' in WordNet: 1. collectivist, leftist, left-winger - (a person who belongs to the political left) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Liberal . :Leftover :wnsense "remainder1n" ; :wordnet "remainder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RemainingPart' of an Object is a ProperPart of that Object that is still Extant at some particular time in some particular place or for some particular purpose.. @ToDo: NOTE that when an Object is intentionally divided into parts as by carving a solid block of material, the remaining part could be the 'carving' produced or the chips of material carved off. Either of these could be significant (gold or silver chips remaining from manufacturing or polishing jewelry have value and are retained), and there should be a way to distinguish these. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remainder' in WordNet: 1. (8) remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum, rest - (something left after other parts have been taken away; 'there was no remainder'; 'he threw away the rest'; 'he took what he wanted and I got the balance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemainingPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeingLeftOver ] . :Lefty :wnsense "left-hander2n", "lefty1n", "southpaw2n" ; :wordnet "left-hander", "lefty", "southpaw" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lefty'' is a ''Person'' who is dominant with the left hand rather than the right hand). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lefty' in WordNet: 1. (2) left-hander, lefty, southpaw - (a person who uses the left hand with greater skill than the right; 'their pitcher was a southpaw') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole . :Leg :guid "bd5898cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "leg" ; :wnsense "leg1n", "leg2n" ; :wordnet "leg" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Animal appendages used for locomotion overland, supporting the animal and moving it along by walking, running, etc. Thus wings, fins, etc., are not #$Legs. The #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart is considered part of the #$Leg. This includes the Thigh as a part of the ''Leg'' NOTE: SUMO restricts 'Leg' to Primate legs, but in COSMO any animal leg, including insect legs, are instances. SUMO: 'Leg' (more restricted that this type) The lower Limbs of Primates. Includes noun sense 1 and 2 of 'leg' in WordNet: 1. (75) leg - (a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle) 2. (7) leg - (a structure in animals that is similar to a human leg and used for locomotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limb-AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :LegBone :guid "bd970a91-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "leg bone1n" ; :wordnet "leg bone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leg bone' in WordNet: 1. leg bone - (a bone of the leg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leg ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :LegOfArtifact :ldoce "leg" ; :wnsense "leg3n" ; :wordnet "leg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LegOfArtifact' is a SupportingObject that forms one of the long thin Objects that support an Artifact, as on a Table or Chair. NOTE that some ''LegOfArtifact''s are not particularly long-such as the short legs of formal armchairs that have large cushions for seats and armrests. For a rod-like ''LegOfArtifact'' use ''LongLegOfArtifact''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'leg' in WordNet - some artifacts that are not furniture (see ''Tripod'') have 'legs'. in WordNet: 3. (2) leg - (one of the supports for a piece of furniture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtifactObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :supports ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :Legal :isTheOppositeOf :Illegal ; :ldoce "legal" ; :wnsense "lawful1adj", "lawful4adj", "legal1adj", "legitimate4adj", "licit2adj" ; :wordnet "lawful", "legal", "legitimate", "licit" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Legal' is an attribute of an Action that is not prohibited by law, or is explicitly permitted by law. The different WN synonyms have the same basic meanings, but any nuances of usage would need more examples to differentiate. If some specific 'Law' is in question, the relation 'conformsTo' can be used to point to the 'Law'. The closest WordNet synset is sense 1 of 'legal', but that is broader than this sense of 'not prohibited by law'; includes adj sense 4 of 'legitimate': in WordNet: 1. (11) legal - (established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules) WN Adj 'legitimate': 4. (1) lawful, legitimate, licit - (authorized, sanctioned by, or in accordance with law; 'a legitimate government') WN adj 'lawful': 1. lawful - (conformable to or allowed by law; 'lawful methods of dissent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotAgainstSomeRule . :LegalAction :guid "bd58f88c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "action at law1n", "action3n", "legal action1n" ; :wordnet "action", "action at law", "legal action" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any Process where a 'IntentionalAgent' seeks to obtain something through a court of law, and another Agent either opposes or has the right to oppose the action. In Cyc called 'LegalConflict' Cyc: Conflicts that are juridified by a legal system. NOTE: 'LegalAction' in Cyc meant an activity that was legal. That concept in COSMO is renamed 'LegalActivity'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legal action' in WordNet: 1. legal action, action, action at law - (a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, :LegalProceeding . :LegalActivity :en "legal act", "legal action", "legal activity" ; :enn "legal act", "legal action", "legal activity" ; :guid "bd791f7a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of actions that are legal, i.e. are not prohibited by some governmental law. In Cyc this was named 'LegalAction', but that term is used in COSMO to mean an action in a court of law. Cyc: Since different things are legal/illegal in different areas this collection should only be used in a microtheory that specifies the area where the instances of this collection are legal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Law ; owl:onProperty :conformsTo ] . :LegalAge :wnsense "legal age1n", "majority3n" ; :wordnet "legal age", "majority" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LegalAge'' is a ''MinimumAge'' for making independent decisions and signing contracts; an age below that will be a property.that a Person cannot have if this property is asserted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legal age' in WordNet: 1. (1) majority, legal age - (the age at which persons are considered competent to manage their own affairs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinimumAge . :LegalAgent :FIBO "party" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """LegalAgent is a Role played in the legal system by some entity - a Person, GroupOfPeople, Organization, or any legal entity recognized as an Agent by some legal system. Each instance of LegalEntity persists only so long as it is involved in some kind of legal transaction; in the case of a contract (e.g. employment) the legal role may persist for some time. NOTE: The 'hasRoleFiller'restriction could be 'someValuesFrom' but that would unnecessarily require dupllicate values to be specified for things that are Roles and Objects serving in thatRole. When theFOL version is created, the restriction can be made 'some values' with the values being automatically filled in when known from the paralle Object instance. @ToDo: this necessitates finding a RoleFiller for organizations - not quite obvious that this should be so. Should: (1) LegalAgent not be a Role? or (2) Role not need a filler? or (3) Organization not be a LegalAgent?? An Agent perhaps is only a Role when it is an individual Person?? In FOL one cold specify that Organizations are excluded form the 'filler' constraint. **as a temporary measure, all individual Orgs (including governments) will have themselves as RoleFillers *** Linguistically, the role names and fillers of roles may be used interchangeably, in describing actions, though it is the filler of the role that actually performs the action. The optimal way to represent these intimate relations is not yet decided, but for the present (v0.63), the relation 'hasRoleFiller' must be specified when describing every LegalAgent, so that the actual entity doing the action will be recognized. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$Agent. Each instance of #$LegalAgent is an agent who has some status in a particular legal system. At the very least, such an agent is recognized by some legal authority as having some kinds of rights and/or responsibilities as an agent (e.g., #$citizens of Germany), or as being subject to certain restrictions and penalties (e.g., a company that has been blacklisted by Iraq). Thus, instances of #$LegalAgent include agents that may have property rights, may be taxed, may have a government identification number, may be sued, may have an address, or may buy or sell. Note that membership in this collection is very much dependent upon context. In some societies, only adult males and various kinds of state-run organizations would be included in #$LegalAgent. Corresponds approximately to FIBO 'party': skos-definition: 'An independent party is an independent person, organization or group that can enter into a contract or other legal proceeding. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :Role, :agentive-social-object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :Organization :GeopoliticalEntity :EstateOfaPerson ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasRoleFiller ] . :LegalAgreement :guid "bd58b05e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LegalAgreement'' is a Contract that is legally enforceable. CYC: An instance of #$ObjectType, and a specialization of #$Agreement. Each instance of #$LegalAgreement is an agreement which has a legal status; that is, it is recognized as a valid agreement by some government. Notable specializations of #$LegalAgreement include #$SalesContract, #$Visa-Permit, and #$Account.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BindingAgreement, :Contract . :LegalAllegation :wnsense "allegation1n" ; :wordnet "allegation" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LegalAllegation'' is an ''Accusation'' made as part of a Legal Action (criminal or Civil). This can include only one or multiple ''LinguisticAssertion''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'allegation' in WordNet: 1. (1) allegation - ((law) a formal accusation against somebody (often in a court of law); 'an allegation of malpractice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accusation, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalAction ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :LinguisticAssertion ] . :LegalAppeal :guid "da98a95a-80de-41d7-8843-8b5be4c17641" ; :wnsense "appeal1v", "appeal3n" ; :wordnet "appeal" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all appeals of decisions handed down by judicial bodies by the party that was maleficiary of the decision. Such appeals are made to appellate courts [#$AppealsCourt], which may reject or hear the appeal. A decision of an appeals court can be appealed to a higher appeals court. A legal appeal is normally part of the case that started in the court of initial jurisdiction. SUMO: Asking that a higher court reconsider a LegalDecision of a lower court. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'appeal' in WordNet: 3. (8) appeal - ((law) a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court for the purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision and a reversal of the lower court's judgment or the granting of a new trial; 'their appeal was denied in the superior court') WN verb 'appeal': 1. (4) appeal - (take a court case to a higher court for review; 'He was found guilty but appealed immediately') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAction, :Requesting . :LegalConflict :isaSynonymOf :LegalAction ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The Cyc term for COSMO and SUMO 'LegalAction'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :LegalConstruct :FIBO "Legal Construct" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LegalConstruct' from FIBO seems to be something created by Law or contract - seems somewhat vague. Needs further thinking. Coresponds to FIBO 'Legal Construct': skos:editorialNote Obligations are an aspect of this category of thing, as are rights. skos:definition Something which is conferred by way of law or contract, such as a right. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obligation . :LegalDecision :ldoce "decision" ; :wnsense "conclusion1n", "decision1n", "finding2n" ; :wordnet "conclusion", "decision", "finding" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LegalDecision'' is a ''Decision' (a Judgment, a conclusion, a Belief, a finding) arrived at by a Judge or Jury in some ''JudicialDecision'' Event, after some consideration of Evidence, Law, and Reasoning, which can include a ''Trial''. This is described in a ''LegalOpinion'' (a ''LinguisticAssertion'') issued by the ''Judge''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'finding' in WordNet: 2. (3) finding - (the decision of a court on issues of fact or law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Judgment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ; owl:someValuesFrom :Judge ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :JudicialDecision ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalOpinion ] . :LegalDocument :guid "c113e8c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "instrument4n", "legal document1n", "legal instrument1n", "official document1n" ; :wordnet "instrument", "legal document", "legal instrument", "official document" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$OfficialDocument. Instances of this collection not only have the force of the law behind them (as most #$OfficialDocuments do) but also either must be prepared by a #$Lawyer in order to be legitimate, or their construction is strictly specified by the rule of law governing the parties bound by them. While #$OfficialDocuments such as #$CreditReportDocuments may have legal force in some contexts, they are not considered #$LegalDocuments because their construction is not as tightly specified by law as that of #$LegalDocuments. Also, #$LegalDocuments are distinguished as being created expressly for legal purposes. See also #$LegalAgreement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legal document' in WordNet: 1. legal document, legal instrument, official document, instrument - ((law) a document that states some contractual relationship or grants some right) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficialDocument . :LegalDocument-Abstract :en "abstract legal document" ; :wnsense "legal document1n" ; :wordnet "legal document" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LegalDocument-Abstract is an abstract document (a mental object) that is represented by a physical 'LegalDocument'. For the meaning 'LegalDocument', see that entry.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficialDocument-Abstract . :LegalEntity a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Test entity using 'equivalentClass' - to determine if the concern expressed in the paper 'Representing Roles and Purpose' by Fan, Barker, Porter, and Clark (KCAP 01) about an 'Employer' being a subtype of 'LegalEntity' (which must be either a Person or Organization) can be addressed using the OWL 'equivalentClass' structure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntentionalAgent, :Role ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :Organization ) ] . :LegalGovernmentOrganization :guid "bd588aa6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$LegalGovernmentOrganization is a specialization of #$GovernmentalOrganization and #$LegalAgent. Each instance of #$LegalGovernmentOrganization is an organization which is a part of, and funded by, the government of a geopolitical entity. Examples include the #$InternalRevenueService, #$UnitedStatesNavy, and #$CityCouncilOfAustin (TX). Some instances of #$LegalGovernmentOrganizations have legal standing in courts. COSMO note: This seems to be useful for distinguishing official government organizations with statutory standing from ad-hoc organizations created by fist of some larger organization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentalOrganization . :LegalGuardian :wnsense "defender1n", "guardian1n", "protector1n", "shielder1n" ; :wordnet "defender", "guardian", "protector", "shielder" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Parent or other person who has legal authority over a ''MinorChild'', or just temporary authority as is held by a day care center or a baby-sitter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'guardian' in WordNet: 1. (4) defender, guardian, protector, shielder - (a person who cares for persons or property) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildGuardian . :LegalHearing :wnsense "hearing1n" ; :wordnet "hearing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Legalhearing'' is intended to (and may) determine a certain outcome for a Person. That outcome may typically be more or less favorable, therefore a ''LegalHearing'' is associated with an ''Opportunity'' for one or more outcomes. To specify what the hearing 'is about' one can instantiate the associated ''Opportunity'' with specifics as to the potential outcomes. ??Is there always a 'judge' present? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hearing' in WordNet: 1. (10) hearing - ((law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opportunity ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Testifying ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :LegalJudgment a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An official judgment rendered by a governmental court.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAction . :LegalObligation :FIBO "statutory responsibility" ; a :MentalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LegalObligation' is a subtype of 'obligation' created by a Law. Coresponds to FIBO 'statutory responsibility': def: An obligation which is defined under some body of law (statute) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obligation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Legislating ] . :LegalOpinion :wnsense "judgment5n", "legal opinion1n", "opinion4n" ; :wordnet "judgment", "legal opinion", "opinion" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LegalOpinion'' is a ''Declaration'' (a ''LinguisticAssertion'; which is an AbstractObject) that describes the ''LegalDecision'' (the Belief of a Judge) arrived at in a ''JudicialDecision'' Event. Often referred to a the ''Judgment'' rendered by the Judge. This is the 'judgment' that will normally be referred to. THe subtypes 'ConvictionJudgment' (a 'conviction') and 'Acquittal' are hose referred to as the result of a ''CriminalTrial''. The WN gloss describes this as a 'document' (physical document) but this COSMO type represents it as the AbstractObject that may or may not be represented in a physical document. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'judgment' in WordNet: 5. (1) opinion, legal opinion, judgment, judgement - (the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision; 'opinions are usually written by a single judge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Declaration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalDecision ] . :LegalPenalty :en "legal penalty" ; :enn "legal penalty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LegalPenalty'' is a form of Punishing imposed by some ''Court-Judicial'' as a result of an ''IllegalAction'' NOTE: 'imposed' by a Court, but carried out by some other part of the Justice System - needs to be elaborated. @ToDo. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Penalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Court-Judicial ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IllegalAction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :LegalProbation :wnsense "probation2n", "probation3n" ; :wordnet "probation" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LegalProbation'' is a ''ProbationPeriod'' in which the Actions of a ''Wrongdoer'' is observed to deterine if s/he will repeat the offense; consequence not specified here. Need relation to the Person (a \"Wrongdoer\") being tested: relate TimeInterval to Person??? NOTE: the difference between WN senses 2 and 3 are not clear - perhaps sense 2 means that it deals with a \"wrongdoer\" Person not convicted of a crime versus s ''Convict'' for sense 3?? Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'probation' in WordNet: 2. probation - (a trial period during which an offender has time to redeem himself or herself) 3. probation - ((law) a way of dealing with offenders without imprisoning them; a defendant found guilty of a crime is released by the court without imprisonment subject to conditions imposed by the court; 'probation is part of the sentencing process') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TrialPeriod . :LegalProceeding :guid "bd58e13a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "legal proceeding1n", "proceeding1n", "proceedings1n" ; :wordnet "legal proceeding", "proceeding", "proceedings" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A legal event, which may or may not be a conflict. Conflicts such as LegalAction are subtypes, but so are filings or an incorporation, or making laws (see 'Legislating'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legal proceeding' in WordNet: 1. proceeding, legal proceeding, proceedings - ((law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event-Organized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalProcess ] . :LegalProcess a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any specification that describes how some action should be taken to cause a legally effective and officially registered event to occur. The Event specified may be a conflict or a non-conflict Event, such as a filing or an incorporation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure . :LegalProfessional :guid "bd58bab4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$LegalProfessional is a person working in the field of law. Notable specializations of #$LegalProfessional include #$Lawyer, #$Judge, and #$Paralegal. NOTE: a 'LegalProfessional' practises 'LawAsAnOccupation' but only 'LawAsAnOccupation' 'isTheOccupationOfA' only a 'Lawyer'. @ToDo: should there be 'LawAsaProfession' to distinguish what Lawyers do from other LegalProfessionals'? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawAsAnOccupation ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :LegalSpeedLimit :wnsense "speed limit1n" ; :wordnet "speed limit" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LegalSpeedLimit' is the maximum speed (usually on ground, but possibly on water or in the air) established by some 'Law' in some region (e.g. part of a road) in some legal jurisdiction. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'speed limit' in WordNet: 1. (3) speed limit - (regulation establishing the top speed permitted on a given road) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speed ; owl:onProperty :isaLimitOnAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaximumValue ; owl:onProperty :limitValueIsMaxMinRange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Law ; owl:onProperty :hasReasonforLimit ] . :LegalSystem :FIBO "legal system" ; :wnsense "legal system1n" ; :wordnet "legal system" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A heterogeneous Group of entities including a set of 'Laws' and the methods and rules used to enforce those laws. skos:editorialNote This is a Mediating Thing, that is some context in which things have their meaning and existence - in this case, laws and the interpretation thereof by courts. SKOS:definition: a system of law The contemporary legal systems of the world are generally based on one of three basic systems: civil law, common law, and religious law, or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'legal system' in WordNet: 1. (1) legal system - (a system for interpreting and enforcing the laws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Proposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :appliesInJurisdiction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Jurisdiction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Law ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Law ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :LegalTrust a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A trust is a legal agent for some financial purposes." ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent . :LegalValidity :takesValue :Expired, :Invalid, :LegallyBinding, :Valid ; :wnsense "validity2n", "validness1n" ; :wordnet "validity", "validness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LegalValidity'' is a generic ''AttributeType'' that categorizes the ways that things can be legally binding or not: values include ''LegallyBinding'', ''Valid'' ''Invalid'' ''Expired'' . Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'validity' in WordNet: 2. (1) validity, validness - (the quality of having legal force or effectiveness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :Legality :wnsense "legality1n", "legitimacy1n" ; :wordnet "legality", "legitimacy" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legality' and sense 1 of 'legitimacy' in WordNet: 1. legality - (lawfulness by virtue of conformity to a legal statute) WN noun 'legitimacy': 1. (1) legitimacy - (lawfulness by virtue of being authorized or in accordance with law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lawfulness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legal ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Law ; owl:onProperty :conformsTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalActivity ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :LegalityValue :en "legality value" ; :enn "legality value" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LegalityValue'' is an AttributeType that takes values ''legal'' and ''Illegal''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legal ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illegal ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ] . :LegalizingSomething :wnsense "decriminalise1v", "decriminalize1v", "legalise1v", "legalize1v", "legitimate1v", "legitimatise1v", "legitimatize1v", "legitimise1v", "legitimize1v" ; :wordnet "decriminalise", "decriminalize", "legalise", "legalize", "legitimate", "legitimatise", "legitimatize", "legitimise", "legitimize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LegalizingSomething'' is an action of a legislative body that removes some prohibition that was encoded in a previous law applying in that jurisdiction. If a law is passed explicitly allowing something that had not previously been illegal, is that 'legalizing'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legalize' in WordNet: 1. legalize, legalise, decriminalize, decriminalise, legitimize, legitimise, legitimate, legitimatize, legitimatise - (make legal; 'Marijuana should be legalized') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrantingPermission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegislativeOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Legally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Legal ; :wnsense "de jure1adv", "lawfully1adv", "lawfully2adv", "legally1adv", "legally2adv" ; :wordnet "de jure", "lawfully", "legally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Legally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action or Adjective and specifies that the Action was performed in a ''Legal''manner, or the adjective is asserted relative to some ''Legal'' criterion e.g. ''LegallyBinding''. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of'legally' in WordNet: 1. (2) legally, lawfully, de jure - (by law; conforming to the law; 'we are lawfully wedded now') 2. (1) legally - (in a legal manner; 'he acted legally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbialModifier . :LegallyBinding :wnsense "binding1adj" ; :wordnet "binding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LegallyBinding'' is an attribute of documents or promises that give rights to some affected party. This characterizes Documents or promises that were ''Valid'' at the time they were made: however, Documents or Rights may have expiration dates, so this applies only at a particular point in time, and a document or right with this attribute is only ''Valid'' if it has not expired or been rescinded. NOTE that a ''LegallyBinding'' docment or right can also be ''Expired'' in which case it is no longer ''Valid''. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'binding' in WordNet: 1. (1) binding - (executed with proper legal authority; 'a binding contract') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Legal, :Valid . :LegallyLiable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :ResponsibilitySituation ; :wnsense "liable2adj", "liable4adj" ; :wordnet "liable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LegallyLiable'' is being ''Responsible'' as a matter of law, for **having performed** some illegal action. For being 'liable' for punishent if one doesn't obey the law in the future, use ''LegallyRequired''. This is a combination of being ''Responsible'' for doing something illegal, and''Liable'' to punishment for that act - i.e. has some chance of being caught and punished. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'liable' in Wordnet: 2. (1) liable - (subject to legal action; 'liable to criminal charges') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Liable, :ResponsibleForAnAction . :LegallyRequired :en "legally obligated", "legally required", "legally responsible" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :ResponsibilitySituation ; :wnsense "liable2adj", "liable4adj" ; :wordnet "liable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LegallyRequired'' is being ''Responsible'' as a matter of law, to do something or refrain from doing something) now or in the future where the failure to do it is a violation of law and subjects one to legal punishment. Everyone is ''LegallyLiable'' for punishent if they don't obey the law. For being 'liable' to punishment for some crime that has been done, use ''LegallyLiable''. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'liable' in Wordnet: 4. liable - (held legally responsible; 'men between the ages of 18 and 35 were liable for military service') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obligated, :ResponsibleForAnAction . :Legend :guid "bf66f3a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "legend1n" ; :wordnet "legend" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Legend'' is a ''FictionalStory'' that may include or be based on some historical events. CYC: A story which has been passed down from previous generations. They are often popularly considered to be historical, but may be hard to verify. See also #$Fable and #$UrbanLegend. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legend' in WordNet: 1. (15) legend, fable - (a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalStory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :History ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ] . :Legendary :pertainsTo :Legend ; :wnsense "fabled1adj", "legendary2adj" ; :wordnet "fabled", "legendary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Legendary'' is an attribute value that pertains to a ''Legend'' or the types of things that exist in legends. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'legendary' in Wordnet: 2. fabled, legendary - (celebrated in fable or legend; 'the fabled Paul Bunyan and his blue ox'; 'legendary exploits of Jesse James') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LegendaryThing :en "legendary thing" ; :enn "legendary thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A 'LegendaryThing'' is any entity that characteristically exists only in some ''Legend''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legendary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legend ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ] . :Leggings :en "legging", "leggings" ; :enn "leggings" ; :guid "bea44699-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leggings'' are close-fitting knitted 'Pants' worn by women and usually to the ankles.. in CYC 'Legging'. RHW: 2. leggings, (used with a pl. v.) a. close-fitting knit pants. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pants, :WomensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothLegs ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Legion :wnsense "host5n", "legion1n" ; :wordnet "host", "legion" ; a :MilitaryOrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Legion'' is used for some ancient ''Army''s or divisions of those armies, especially the 'legion' of the Roman empire. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legion' in WordNet: 1. (1) host, legion - (archaic terms for army) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Army . :Legislating :en "enacting", "legislating" ; :guid "c79eb474-a5d7-41d8-836a-9bb49aa14a90" ; :wnsense "enact1v", "lawmaking1n", "legislate1v", "legislation2n" ; :wordnet "enact", "lawmaking", "legislate", "legislation" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Legislating'' is the ''EventSeries'' that includes all of the Actions that a ''LegislativeOrganization'' takes in the process of creating a ''Law'' that is a 'piece of legislation'. CYC: An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$LegalProceeding and #$GroupActivity. Each instance of #$Legislating is a #$PoliticalEvent in which #$Legislators debate, pass #$Laws, and engage in other official political activity. NOTE: the final stage, 'passing a law', is represented by ''PassingaLaw''. Corresponds to part (for the whole process) of verb sense 1 of 'legislate' in WordNet: 1. (1) legislate, pass - (make laws, bills, etc. or bring into effect by legislation; 'They passed the amendment'; 'We cannot legislate how people's spend their free time') WN noun 'legislation': 2. (2) legislation, legislating, lawmaking - (the act of making or enacting laws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventSeries, :LegalProceeding, :MakingRulesCollectively, :PoliticalEvent, :RegulatingBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legislation ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Law ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegislativeOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Legislation :wnsense "legislation1n", "statute law1n" ; :wordnet "legislation", "statute law" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Legislation'' is a ''Law'' produced by ''Legislating'', the process of creating a ''Law'' by some state or national legislative body; this is one 'piece of legislation' passed by one final vote, not the process or the body of Laws generally. This does not include a 'ordinance' passed by a local governing body, or a decree by a ruler, or a 'reglation' created by a government agency, even though the last has the same effect as a piece of ''Legislation'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legislation' in WordNet: 1. (10) legislation, statute law - (law enacted by a legislative body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Law, :Statute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legislating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Legislative :pertainsTo :Law, :Legislating, :Legislation, :LegislativeOrganization, :Legislator, :MembersOfaLegislature, :Statute ; :wnsense "legislative1adj", "legislative2adj" ; :wordnet "legislative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Legislative'' pertains to any aspect of law-making or the laws made by that process: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legislative' in WordNet: 1. (5) legislative - (relating to a legislature or composed of members of a legislature; 'legislative council') 2. (3) legislative - (of or relating to or created by legislation; 'legislative proposal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LegislativeAuthority a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LegislativeAuthority' is some 'Authority' that has the power to create a 'Law'. In a Monarchy a single person may be able to create a 'Law', but in democracies that power is usually assigned to a Legislature, represented here by the subtype 'LegislativeOrganization'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authority, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Law ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LawText ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :LegislativeOrganization :guid "b5e87c0e-1e6c-41d7-86c7-d084dc8ce3e7" ; :wnsense "general assembly2n", "law-makers1n", "legislative assembly1n", "legislature1n" ; :wordnet "general assembly", "law-makers", "legislative assembly", "legislature" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of legislative (lawmaking, policy-formulating) organizations which are part of some #$RegionalGovernment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legislature' in WordNet: 1. (5) legislature, legislative assembly, legislative, general assembly, law-makers - (persons who make or amend or repeal laws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentalOrganization, :LegislativeAuthority . :Legislator :guid "edbd7236-d562-41d6-9163-feeeeab2ed72" ; :wnsense "legislator1n" ; :wordnet "legislator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all legislators in elective office. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legislator' in Wordnet: 1. (8) legislator - (someone who makes or enacts laws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Lawmaker, :PublicOfficial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegislativeOrganization ] . :Legitimate :wnsense "legitimate3adj", "valid1adj" ; :wordnet "legitimate", "valid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Legitimate'' is a property of an ''AttemptingActivity'' that conforms to (is in accordance with) some ''StandardProcedure'' for accomplishing the attempted goal. The sense of 'legitimate' meaning 'lawful' is represented by ''Legal''. This in effect categorizes a Action as a normal and valid way to accomplish a goal, though it does not guarantee success. Actions with this property would have the restriction: isInAccordanceWith -> StandardProcedure and conformsTo -> StandardProcedure For 'legitimate' children? Nothing yet (as of rev 1697). Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 3 of 'legitimate' in WordNet: 3. (1) legitimate - (in accordance with recognized or accepted standards or principles; 'legitimate advertising practices') WN adj 'valid' 1. (6) valid - (well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force; 'a valid inference'; 'a valid argument'; 'a valid contract'; 'a valid license') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acceptable, :Conforming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :StandardProcedure ] . :Legume-ThePlant :guid "bd590534-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "legume1n", "leguminous plant1n" ; :wordnet "legume", "leguminous plant" ; a :BiologicalFamily, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legume' in WordNet: 1. (1) legume, leguminous plant - (an erect or climbing bean or pea plant of the family Leguminosae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :LegumeOrder, :TerrestrialOrganism . :LegumeOrder :guid "bd58e19b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "legume1n" ; :wordnet "legume" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'legume' in Wordnet: 1. (1) legume, leguminous plant - (an erect or climbing bean or pea plant of the family Leguminosae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :Leisure :wnsense "leisure2n" ; :wordnet "leisure" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leisure'' is a ''MentalState'' of a Person who feels the freedom from obligation to perform some task or job or duty, and can relax or enjoy some ''RecreationalActivity''. This is a state of mind; Having Leisure time is a different concept. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'leisure' in WordNet: 2. (2) leisure - (freedom to choose a pastime or enjoyable activity; 'he lacked the leisure for golf') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Freedom-Emotion, :HumanActivity, :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RecreationalActivity ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :LeisureFacility :guid "577a7ab6-5b0b-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; :wnsense "playground1n", "resort area1n", "vacation spot1n" ; :wordnet "playground", "resort area", "vacation spot" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all construction artifacts whose primary purpose is to facilitate one or more #$RecreationalActivity. This has as synonym 'resort area'; some distinction may be possible when required. NOTE that this is an 'artifact' so, even if it is a Park or other outdoor location, it must have some kind artifactual improvements that at least assist its purpose - it has to be intended or designed to be a place for recreation. This includes the subtype ''Playground'', but that subtype should be used for places primarily intended for children to play together or on their own, not for sightseeing or commercial entertainment. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'vacation spot' in WordNet; for a 'playground' where children may play use the subtype 'Playground': in WordNet: 1. (1) resort area, playground, vacation spot - (an area where many people go for recreation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ConstructionArtifact . :LelandStanford :hasMassInGrams "30000"^^xsd:float ; a :DeadPerson, :GenericAgent . :Lemming :guid "bfb4072e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lemming1n" ; :wordnet "lemming" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all lemmings. There is a popular myth that they sometimes commit mass suicide by marching off cliffs into the sea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lemming' in WordNet: 1. lemming - (any of various short-tailed furry-footed rodents of circumpolar distribution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent, :Species . :Lemon :wnsense "lemon1n" ; :wordnet "lemon" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fruit that is produced by a ''LemonTree'', having a multiply indented shiny skin, and a Yellow color. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lemon' in Wordnet: 1. (4) lemon - (yellow oval fruit with juicy acidic flesh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :CitrusFruit, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LemonTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :YellowColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SourTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :LemonJuice :guid "bd5886e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasTaste :SourTasting ; :isDerivedFrom :Lemon ; :wnsense "lemon juice1n" ; :wordnet "lemon juice" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The juice of (#$FruitFn #$LemonTree) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lemon juice' in WordNet: 1. lemon juice - (usually freshly squeezed juice of lemons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodIngredientOnly, :LimeOrLemonJuice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lemon ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :LemonTree :guid "bd589c6f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lemon tree1n", "lemon3n" ; :wordnet "lemon", "lemon tree" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A tree that grows ''Lemon''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lemon tree' and sense 3 of 'lemon' in Wordnet: 3. lemon, lemon tree, Citrus limon - (a small evergreen tree that originated in Asia but is widely cultivated for its fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CitrusFruitTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lemon ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Lemonade :guid "bd5882c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lemonade1n" ; :wordnet "lemonade" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A Beverage derived by squeezing lemons, the resulting juice is sweetened, and may be diluted. CYC: Lemonade, the drink. The real thing, not the flavored water you buy at the supermarket. C.f. #$KoolAid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lemonade' in WordNet: 1. (1) lemonade - (sweetened beverage of diluted lemon juice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :FruitDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lemon ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :LenaRiver :guid "bd58e579-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "easternmost of the great rivers of Siberia" . :Lender :wnsense "lender1n" ; :wordnet "lender" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LegalAgent'' (individual or Organization) who has performed the Action of ''Lending'' and is thereby owed something in return. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lender' in WordNet: 1. lender, loaner - (someone who lends money or gives credit in business matters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lending ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConverseCorrelatedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :Borrower ) ] ] . :Lending :en "lending" ; :ldoce "lend" ; :wnsense "lend2v", "loan1v" ; :wordnet "lend", "loan" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO; The subclass of Giving Processes where the agent gives the destination something for a limited period of time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest). 'Lending' is for physical objects that are movable, so renting an apartment is not a Lending in this sense. COSMO: Each Lending implies a Borrowing; this alternation in meaning is partly accommodated by having both 'Lending' and 'Borrowing' be subtypes of 'Sharing'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lend' in WordNet: 2. (7) lend, loan - (give temporarily; let have for a limited time; 'I will lend you my car'; 'loan me some money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, :ObligationCreatingEvent, :Sharing, :TransferringPossession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Borrowing ] . :Length :ldoce "length" ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "length1n" ; :wordnet "length" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Length is a property of all macroscopic PhysicalObjects. It can be difficult to assign a meaningful length to some subatomic particles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'length' in WordNet: 1. (56) length - - (the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest horizontal dimension of something that is fixed in place; 'the length of the table was 5 feet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Size . :Length-LongestDimension :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Length . :LengthMeasure :ldoce "length" ; :wnsense "length1n", "linear measure1n", "long measure1n" ; :wordnet "length", "linear measure", "long measure" ; a :AttributeValueType, :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to length. This measure is also used to refer to the 'size' of objects that are of approximately the same length, width, and height (such as a sphere or cube or irregular object that is not significantly elongated (length/width lt 2). Thus it can be used as a 'GranularityValue'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'length' in WordNet: 1. (56) length - - (the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest horizontal dimension of something that is fixed in place; 'the length of the table was 5 feet') WN noun 'linear measure': 1. linear measure, long measure - (a measure of length) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, :GranularityValue . :LengthMeasuringDevice :isUsedToMeasure :LengthMeasure ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LengthMeasuringDevice'' is any Device designed to determine any measurement of Length, straight or curved. The most common are ''Ruler''s and measuring tapes. For precision measurements of the width of small objects ''Caliper''s are used. More sophisticated devices may use laser beams to measure a distance, or a bathymeter (depth of water), altimeter (indirect measurement of height by measuring pressure of air), odometer (measuring distance traversed by wheel), radar (to measure distance of an object in air by timing the echo of a radio pulse); batleship rangefunders with connected telescopes at the ends of two long arms for measuring distance to a target at sea; and others. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasuringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LengthMeasure ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :Lengthened :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Lengthening ; :isTheOppositeOf :Shortened ; :wnsense "elongated1adj", "extended3adj", "lengthened1adj" ; :wordnet "elongated", "extended", "lengthened" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lengthened'' is a subtype of the attribute ''Longer' that is acquired in a ''Lengthening'' Event. NOTE: WN synonym 'prolonged' does not quite fit this meaning: see ''Prolonged''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lengthened' in Wordnet: 1. elongated, extended, lengthened, prolonged - (drawn out or made longer spatially; 'Picasso's elongated Don Quixote'; 'lengthened skirts are fashionable this year'; 'the extended airport runways can accommodate larger planes'; 'a prolonged black line across the page') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Longer . :Lengthening :wnsense "lengthen1v" ; :wordnet "lengthen" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lengthening'' is an ''IncreaseInaQuantity''' in which the 'quantity' increased is the ''LengthMeasure'' (a measure of ''Length-LongestDimension'') of the Object lengthened. NOTE that the ObjectModified is a ''LongishObject'', wjhich means that something can be said to be ''Lengthened'' only if is has some perceptible ''Length' significantly greater than either of the other two dimensions (or, some specific dimension refered to as the ''Length'' for other reasons) . For objects not visibly long to start, the process of increasing one dimension will be a ''ShapeChange'' (a parent type). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lengthen' in WordNet: 1. (1) lengthen - (make longer; 'Lengthen this skirt, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImpartingAnAttribute, :IncreaseInaQuantity, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :ShapeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lengthened ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongishObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shortening ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Lenience :causes :Forbearance ; :wnsense "lenience1n", "lenience3n", "leniency1n", "leniency3n" ; :wordnet "lenience", "leniency" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'Tolerance' in which an authority . refrains from imposing a possible punishment . Includes noun senses and 3 of 'lenience', and enes 1 and 3 of 'leniency' in WordNet: 1. lenience, leniency, mildness, lenity - (mercifulness as a consequence of being lenient or tolerant) 3. lenience, leniency - (lightening a penalty or excusing from a chore by judges or parents or teachers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tolerance . :Leniency :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Lenient ; :wnsense "indulgence2n", "lenience2n", "leniency2n" ; :wordnet "indulgence", "lenience", "leniency" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lenient'' is a subtype of ''Tolerance'' characterizing a person who is willing for subordinate persons such as employees or students to perform at less than their best capabilities,without meting out disciplinry measures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leniency' in WordNet: 2. indulgence, lenience, leniency - (a disposition to yield to the wishes of someone; 'too much indulgence spoils a child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tolerance . :Lenient :isAnAttributeValueOf :LinguisticAssertion, :Person, :RuleForBehavior ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Leniency ; :isTheOppositeOf :Demanding ; :wnsense "easy9adj", "indulgent2adj", "lenient1adj", "lenient2adj", "permissive2adj", "soft12adj" ; :wordnet "easy", "indulgent", "lenient", "permissive", "soft" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lenient'' is a ''FeelingAttribute'' characterizing both a Person who can tolerate low performance levels (e.g. from students or employees or subordinates) without punishing the offenders. Not precisely opposite of all included senses of 'Demanding' but closest opposite. Includes to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'lenient' and sense 2 of 'permissive' in WordNet: 1. indulgent, lenient, soft - (tolerant or lenient; 'indulgent parents risk spoiling their children'; 'too soft on the children'; 'they are soft on crime') 2. easy, lenient - (not strict; 'an easy teacher'; 'easy standards'; 'lenient rules'; 'an easy penalty') WN adj 'permissive': 2. permissive - (granting or inclined or able to grant permission; not strict in discipline; 'direct primary legislation is largely permissive rather than prescriptive'; 'permissive parents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tolerant . :Lens :guid "bd58f47d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crystalline lens1n", "lens4n" ; :wordnet "crystalline lens", "lens" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all lenses, natural (#$Lens-EyePart) and artifical (e.g. for #$Telescopes and #$EyeGlasses). NOTE that Lenses are FunctionalObjects - whether created by people or evolved naturally, they have a purpose in refracting light in a controlled manner. COSMO note: the 'lenses' formed by force fields, as in electron microscopes or gravitational lenses, are not included in this category. Those will constitute special categories of their own. ToDo: Perhaps a process of 'lensing' could include all of these types of focusing of EM radiation. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'lens' in WordNet: 4. lens, crystalline lens - (biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; it focuses light waves on the retina) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvexTangibleObject, :FunctionalObject, :RoundObject, :SolidObject, :TransparentObject . :Lens-Artificial :guid "bdb75d88-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lens" ; :wnsense "lens1n" ; :wordnet "lens" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Lenses may be made of glass or plastic, but must be transparent, an attribute inherited from 'TransparentObject'. A lens may be complex, having several component lenses, as in zoomable lenses. CYC The collection of all manufactured lenses, as in #$Telescopes, #$Microscopes, #$Binoculars, and #$EyeGlasses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lens' in WordNet: 1. (5) lens, lense, lens system - (a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lens, :OpticalInstrument, :SolidObject, :TransparentObject . :Lens-EyePart :guid "bd58a944-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Eye ; :ldoce "lens" ; :wnsense "lens4n" ; :wordnet "lens" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type of lens is the natural lens that develops in an eye, not an artificial lens that may be implanted by medical operation. CYC: The collection of all lenses in #$Eyes. Each #$Lens-EyePart is a transparent lens of an #$Eye which focuses images onto the #$Retina of that #$Eye. NOTE that this body part is specified as being located in the head, and refers to the focusable lenses in the eyes of vertebrates, not of invertebrates that may have 'eyes' located elsewhere than on the head. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'lens' in WordNet: 4. lens, crystalline lens - (biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; it focuses light waves on the retina) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :Lens, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eye ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :LensedOpticalDevice :en "lensed optical device" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OpticalDevice that has a Lens-Artificial as a part, as in #$Telescopes, #$Microscopes, #$Binoculars, and #$EyeGlasses.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Lens-Artificial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RefractingLight ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :Lent :guid "be95bb77-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Lent1n", "Lententide1n" ; :wordnet "Lent", "Lententide" ; a :CustomType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lent'' is a ''ReligiousSeason''in the Christian religion being the period of time from forty days before Easter to Easter. The beginning day is a Wednesdy and is called 'Ash Wednesday' from the ceremony of getting ashes on the forehead in remembrance of human mortality. The collection of all periods of Lent, starting each year on #$AshWednesday and ending at midnight between Holy Saturday and Easter. Each instance of #$Lent is 46 days long, i.e., 40 days not counting the six #$Sundays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lent' in WordNet: 1. Lent, Lententide - (a period of 40 weekdays from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousSeason, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FortyDays ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ] . :LeonardoDaVinci :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isTheCreatorOf :TheMonaLisa ; a :Artist . :Leopard :guid "bd58c426-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Panthera pardus1n", "leopard2n" ; :wordnet "Panthera pardus", "leopard" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all leopards. Each #$Leopard is a large feline #$Mammal with either a tawny hide with dark spotted markings or a completely dark hide. #$Leopards are native to the #$ContinentOfAfrica and the #$ContinentOfAsia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leopard' in WordNet: 2. leopard, Panthera pardus - (large feline of African and Asian forests usually having a tawny coat with black spots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BigCat, :DangerousAnimal, :Feline, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spotted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Leotard :guid "bd588a96-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "body suit1n", "cat suit1n", "leotard1n", "unitard1n" ; :wordnet "body suit", "cat suit", "leotard", "unitard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Clothing-WholeBody'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leotard' in WordNet: 1. leotard, unitard, body suit, cat suit - (a tight-fitting garment of stretchy material that covers the body from the shoulders to the thighs (and may have long sleeves or legs reaching down to the ankles); worn by ballet dancers and acrobats for practice or performance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-WholeBody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dancing ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elastic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Leotards :wnsense "leotards1n", "tights1n" ; :wordnet "leotards", "tights" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leotards'' are Close-fitting covering from the waist to the feet on both legs. One piece covers both legs. Unlike ''Pantyhose'' this is not necessarily worn under other clothing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leotards' in WordNet: 1. tights, leotards - (skintight knit hose covering the body from the waist to the feet worn by acrobats and dancers and as stockings by women and girls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HosieryItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothLegs ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Leper :guid "c14819a9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "leper1n" ; :wordnet "leper" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person suffering from 'Leprosy''. CYC; #$Leper is an instance of #$PersonTypeByPhysiologicalConditionType and a subset of #$HomoSapiens. It is the collection of people who have symptoms of #$Leprosy caused by the bacterium #$MycobacteriumLaprae. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leper' in WordNet: 1. leper, lazar - (a person afflicted with leprosy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SickPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leprosy ; owl:onProperty :isTheSubjectOfState ] . :Lepidopteran :guid "c0fd60af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lepidopteran1n" ; :wordnet "lepidopteran" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The order that includes butterflies and moths. This type includes all life stages. in WordNet: 1. lepidopterous insect, lepidopteron, lepidopteran - - (insect that in the adult state has four wings more or less covered with tiny scales) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect . :Leprechaun :wnsense "leprechaun1n" ; :wordnet "leprechaun" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Leprechaun'' is a mythical ''Elf' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leprechaun' in WordNet: 1. leprechaun - (a mischievous elf in Irish folklore) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elf, :MythicalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impish ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IrishFolklore ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ] . :Leprosy :guid "c05ba192-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Hansen's disease1n", "leprosy1n" ; :wordnet "Hansen's disease", "leprosy" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: #$Leprosy is a disease casued by the bacteria #$MycobacteriumLaprae. The bacteria invade nerve cells, causing numbness. In unsanitary conditions, infected persons who do not notice injuries to numb areas often develop secondary infections. In the middle ages, such secondary infections were often caused by rat bites. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leprosy' in WordNet: 1. (1) leprosy, Hansen's disease - (chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leper ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Lepton :guid "b701a594-8a0f-11d6-8000-0002b34b8539" ; :wnsense "lepton2n" ; :wordnet "lepton" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SubAtomicParticle. Each instance of #$Lepton is a particle that does not interact with other particles in terms of the strong nuclear force, but does participate with other particles in terms of mass, electromagnetism, and the weak nuclear force. Important subcollections of #$Lepton include #$Electron, #$Muon, #$Tau, and #$Neutrino. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lepton' in WordNet: 2. lepton - (an elementary particle that participates in weak interactions; has a baryon number of 0) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubAtomicParticle . :Lesbian :guid "bd58f5aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gay woman1n", "lesbian1n", "tribade1n" ; :wordnet "gay woman", "lesbian", "tribade" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'HomosexualFemaleHuman': The collection of female humans whose sexual preference is predominantly for other females. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lesbian' in WordNet: 1. lesbian, tribade, gay woman - (a female homosexual) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :HomosexualHuman . :Lesion :ldoce "wound" ; :wnsense "lesion1n" ; :wordnet "lesion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lesion'' is an abnormal body structure that is caused by some abnormal physiological process or an infection, and *not* caused by a cutting Event. The 'lesion' caused by a ''CuttingSomething'' is represented by ''Wound''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lesion' in WordNet: 1. (2) lesion - (any visible abnormal structural change in a bodily part) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injury-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tissue ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Lesotho :wnsense "Lesotho1n" ; :wordnet "Lesotho" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lesotho' in Wordnet: 1. Lesotho, Kingdom of Lesotho, Basutoland - (a landlocked constitutional monarchy in southern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966) """ . :Less :ldoce "less" ; :wnsense "less1adj", "less3adj" ; :wordnet "less" ; a :ComparativeMagnitude ; rdfs:comment """'Less' is used in an instance of 'AttributeComparison' to assert that the attribute being compared for the first ('subject') of two entities being compared is of smaller magnitude than the commensurate magnitude of the second ('object') entity. This is equivalent to using a comparative attribute to compare two entities (less long, not as high, not as hot, not as old), the interpretation depends on the attribute value specified by the relation 'hasAttributeOfComparison'. For another way to specify being 'less' in some respect, see the relations: 'lessThan'; 'lessThanOrEqualTo'; and 'isLessIntenseThan'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'less' in WordNet: 1. (39) less - ((comparative of 'little' usually used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning not as great in amount or degree; 'of less importance'; 'less time to spend with the family'; 'a shower uses less water'; 'less than three years old') 3. less - ((nonstandard in some uses but often idiomatic with measure phrases) fewer; 'less than three weeks'; 'no less than 50 people attended'; 'in 25 words or less') """ . :LessThan12Feet :hasQuantifierMaximum :N_12 ; :hasUnit :feet ; a :HeightMeasure ; rdfs:comment """Testing an instance of a minimum HeightMeasure, being less than 12 Feet """ . :LessThanFive :en "less than five" ; a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Number in some range that is between zero and 5. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LessThanNumber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :LessThanHalf :en "less than half" ; a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Number in some range that is less than 0.5. The range of permitted values does not include the limit. The implementation will have to interpret these numbers in whatever manner less-than and greater-than numbers are interpreted.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LessThanNumber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :LessThanNumber a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Number in some range that is less than the specified value, related by the 'hasUpperLimit' relation. The range of permitted values does not include the limit. The implementation will have to interpret these numbers in whatever manner less-than and greater-than numbers are interpreted.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealNumber . :LessThanTheAverage :en "less than the average" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LessThanTheAverage'' collects together the subtype of .''RelativeAttribute'' that characterize things as having a smaler than average vlue for the ''AttributeType (instance of '''AttributeTypeType'') that is pointed to by the ''hasAttributeType'' relation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeAttribute . :LessThan_1 a :Quantifier ; rdfs:comment """''LessThan_1'' is any of a range of numbers from 0 to 1. Used to characterize things with variable properties. """ . :LesserApe :wnsense "lesser ape1n" ; :wordnet "lesser ape" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lesser ape' in WordNet: 1. lesser ape - (gibbons and siamangs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnthropoidApe . :Lesson :guid "bd58c853-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lesson" ; :wnsense "lesson1n" ; :wordnet "lesson" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which a Teacher conducts one lesson, often from 50 minutes to several hours, as part of some CourseOfInstruction. This is the Event, not the plan for the lesson, nor the text of a lesson in a textbook (there may or may not be a ''Textbook-Physical'' used for that course). The lesson can be pure lecture,or include feedback from the students; this type is not disjoint with 'Lecture', nor a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lesson' in WordNet: 1. (6) lesson - (a unit of instruction; 'he took driving lessons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, :PublicSpeaking, :Teaching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourseOfInstruction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Lethal :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject, :PhysicalSituation ; :wnsense "fatal1adj", "lethal1adj" ; :wordnet "fatal", "lethal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lethal'' is the attribute of an Object or situation that has caused or is certain to cause ''Death''. For events that have caused death the term 'fatal' is also used. See also 'the subtype 'Fatal'' attribute. ''Fatal''' is used specifically for past events that *have* caused death ('a fatal blow', 'a fatal disease') NOTE for things that *might* cause Death but are not certain or almost certain, use parent type ''Deadly''. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 6 of 'deadly' and sense 1 of 'fatal' in WordNet: 1. (2) deadly, lethal - (of an instrument of certain death; 'deadly poisons'; 'lethal weapon'; 'a lethal injection') WN attribute 'fatal': 1. (6) fatal - (bringing death) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deadly . :LethalWeapon :guid "f7ca793e-61ce-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subcollection of #$Weapons capable of killing a person when used as intended.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weapon . :Lethargic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal, :AnimalActivity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Alert ; :wnsense "lethargic1adj", "unergetic1adj" ; :wordnet "lethargic", "unergetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lethargic'' is an Attribute of Animals including People that tend to move or act or to initiate actions slowly. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lethargic' in Wordnet: 1. lethargic, unergetic - (deficient in alertness or activity; 'bullfrogs became lethargic with the first cold nights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Torpid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lethargy ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait ] . :Lethargy :wnsense "languor3n", "lethargy3n", "phlegm3n", "sluggishness3n" ; :wordnet "languor", "lethargy", "phlegm", "sluggishness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'lethargy' in WordNet: 3. languor, lethargy, sluggishness, phlegm, flatness - (inactivity; showing an unusual lack of energy; 'the general appearance of sluggishness alarmed his friends') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lethargic ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Letter :ldoce "letter" ; :wnsense "letter1n" ; :wordnet "letter" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every complete physical 'Letter' ( a missive from one person to another, usually on paper) is an instance of 'Document-Physical', a PhysicalObject. A 'Letter' must be visually readable; an electronic letter, whether email or in some other format, is an instance of either an AbstractInformationStore or, if in digital form on some medium, an instance of 'DigitalInformationStore', which is the PhysicalObject containing the digitally encoded information. An email will, like other documents, have an abstract and a physical form, but the physical form will typically be a 'DigitalInformationStore', unless it is printed out, in which case it becomes a Letter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'letter' in WordNet: 1. (475) letter, missive - (a written message addressed to a person or organization; 'mailed an indignant letter to the editor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, :WrittenCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractLetter ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :LetterOfTheAlphabet :wnsense "alphabetic character1n", "letter of the alphabet1n", "letter2n" ; :wordnet "alphabetic character", "letter", "letter of the alphabet" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LetterOfTheAlphabet'' is an''AbstractCharacter'' that is one element in some alphabet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'letter of the alphabet' in WordNet: 1. letter, letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character - (the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech; 'his grandmother taught him his letters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractCharacter, :AlphabeticalCharacter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Alphabet ] . :Letting :en "allowing", "letting" ; :ldoce "allow", "let" ; :wnsense "allow1v", "let1v" ; :wordnet "allow", "let" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Letting' is an Event or PersistentState that either removes a barrier to some action, or (for a state) maintains a condition under which an Event can occur. This is a broad sense of 'allow','let' or 'permit' that is not restricted to (but includes) the granting of permission from one person to another to do something. It is the absence or removal of either a physical or social barrier to some action or event. For the more specific removal of social barriers, use 'GrantingPermission'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'let', sense 1 of 'allow', and sense 2 of 'permit' in WordNet: 1. (219) let, allow, permit - (make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen; 'This permits the water to rush in'; 'This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement'; 'This will permit the rain to run off') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enabling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Lettuce-Foodstuff :guid "c1009a71-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lettuce1n" ; :wordnet "lettuce" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Lettuce in edible forms. For example, a lettuce leaf on a sandwich, or torn lettuce in a salad. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lettuce' in WordNet: 3. lettuce - (leaves of any of various plants of Lactuca sativa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LettucePlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :LettucePlant :guid "bd58be23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lettuce1n" ; :wordnet "lettuce" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A plant order in the dicot subclass. See also #$Lettuce-Foodstuff. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lettuce' in WordNet: 2. lettuce - (any of various plants of the genus Lactuca) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :DicotSubclass, :HerbPlant, :Vegetable-Plant . :Leucine :guid "bf3c6de3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "leucine1n" ; :wordnet "leucine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of organic compounds and a spec of #$AminoAcid. These compounds are essential for protein synthesis and must be ingested by the organism. Its abbreviations are Leu and L. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leucine' in WordNet: 1. leucine - (a white crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins that is essential for nutrition; obtained by the hydrolysis of most dietary proteins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AminoAcid . :Leukemia :guid "c0fd69c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cancer of the blood1n", "leucaemia1n", "leukaemia1n", "leukemia1n" ; :wordnet "cancer of the blood", "leucaemia", "leukaemia", "leukemia" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leukemia'' is a ''BloodDisease'' that is a ''Cancer'' affecting the white blood cells. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leukemia' in WordNet: 1. leukemia, leukaemia, leucaemia, cancer of the blood - (malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodDisease, :Cancer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :Levee :wnsense "levee3n" ; :wordnet "levee" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ This is for the 'levees' that line the banks of a Stream to prevent flooding from the Stream when the water flow is higher than the inhabited adjacent land. Similar structures are ''Dam'' to hold back a stream, and ''Dike'' to keep out water from an adjacent Sea.. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'levee' in WordNet: 3. levee - (an embankment that is built in order to prevent a river from overflowing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Embankment, :FixedStructure, :InfrastructureProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StreamCurrent ; owl:onProperty :controls ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flooding ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Level :ldoce "level" ; :wnsense "level1adj" ; :wordnet "level" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Level' is an AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects that are both 'Flat' and 'Horizontal'. This is an approximate attribute, and things can be more horizontal than others. This AttributeValue is for objects that have a surface wide enough to be considered planar at that surface; this attribute applies to that flat surface - other parts of the object may be very irregular in shape. So, for a table, one may say that the top is 'Level'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'level' in WordNet: 1. (3) flat, level, plane - (having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another; 'a flat desk'; 'acres of level farmland'; 'a plane surface'; 'skirts sewn with fine flat seams') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flat, :Horizontal . :LevelOfQuality :ldoce "degree", "level" ; :wnsense "degree1n", "grade2n", "grade8n", "level1n", "level2n", "tier1n" ; :wordnet "degree", "grade", "level", "tier" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LevelOfQuality' is a 'DegreeOfIntensity' whos values specifically express the intensity of some Attribute ascribing quality to an object or process. The quality value will typically be an EvaluativeAttribute, expressing the goodness of something in relation to its goodness for some purpose, 'Grade A eggs' is an example of usage. The sense of 'level' meaning 'stage of development' is expressed by 'StageOfDevelopment'. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'level', part of noun sense 1 of 'level' and part of sense 1 of 'degree' in WordNet - The more general sense of intensity of some attribute is the parent type 'DegreeOfIntensity'. in WordNet: WN 'level': 1. (467) degree, grade, level - (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; 'a moderate grade of intelligence'; 'a high level of care is required'; 'it is all a matter of degree') 2. (169) grade, level, tier - (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; 'lumber of the highest grade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DegreeOfIntensity . :Lever :guid "bd58d81b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lever1n" ; :wordnet "lever" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This sense of ''Lever'' is broader than the CYC sense, including anything that can serve as a stable Object around which long ojects ca pivot. Thus a ''Crowbar'' is included, although the part that serves as the ''Lever'' is only one part of the whole rod. The CYC sense could be a subtype. NOTE: a ''Lever'' can be a ''Board'' or a ''Rod'', so calling it a 'shaft' may be misleading. CYC: An #$ExistingObjectType. Each instance of #$Lever is a #$PhysicalDevice consisting of a #$Shaft which pivots on a #$Fulcrum. #$Levers are used to transfer energy. When force is applied to one end of a #$Lever in a particular direction, the other end moves in the opposite direction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lever' in Wordnet: 1. (1) lever - (a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoardOrRod, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Levering ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredInstrumentForAction ] . :Leverage :wnsense "leverage1n", "purchase4n" ; :wordnet "leverage", "purchase" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Leverage'' is a ''MechanicalPhenomenon'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leverage' in WordNet: 1. leverage, purchase - (the mechanical advantage gained by being in a position to use a lever) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lever ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :LeveragingAnInvestment :wnsense "leverage1v", "leverage3n", "leveraging1n" ; :wordnet "leverage", "leveraging" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LeveragingAnInvestment'' is a subtype of ''Investing'' in which the investor uses borrowed money to increase the return on her/his own invested money. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'leverage' in WordNet: 1. leverage - (supplement with leverage; 'leverage the money that is already available') WN noun 'leverage': 3. leverage, leveraging - (investing with borrowed money as a way to amplify potential gains (at the risk of greater losses)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Investing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loan ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loan ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Levering :eng "jimmying", "levering", "prying" ; :wnsense "jimmy1v", "lever1v", "prise1v", "pry1v" ; :wordnet "jimmy", "lever", "prise", "pry" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Moving something (usually ''Raising'') by using a ''Lever'' (by causing the other end of the ''Lever'' to go in the opposite direction. This requires something to serve as a ''Fulcrum'' though that Role may be played by any convenient object that will stay in place against the force of the ''Lever'' Some ''Lever''s like a crow bar have the ''Fulcrum'' built in. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'lever' in Wordnet (using a lever to move something): in WordNet: 1. pry, prise, prize, lever, jimmy - (to move or force, especially in an effort to get something open; 'The burglar jimmied the lock', 'Raccoons managed to pry the lid off the garbage pail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PushingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lever ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :Levity :wnsense "levity1n", "levity2n" ; :wordnet "levity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Levity'' is a state in which the Person is being frivolous and jesting or joking. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'levity' in WordNet: 1. levity - (feeling an inappropriate lack of seriousness) 2. levity - (a manner lacking seriousness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frivolity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jesting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Lexical :pertainsTo :Dictionary, :TextualMaterial, :Word ; :wnsense "lexical1adj", "lexical2adj" ; :wordnet "lexical" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lexical'' is a pertaining attribute of things related to words, dictionaries, or terminologies or lexicons. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'lexical' in Wordnet: 1. (2) lexical - (of or relating to words; 'lexical decision task') 2. lexical - (of or relating to dictionaries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LexicalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LexicalType is any structure (word, phrase, phoneme, morpheme) in a NaturalLanguage that, has a distinctie pattern of letters in its alphabetical representation. An example would be an Abbreviation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Lexicographer :guid "c0bb6bc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lexicographer1n", "lexicologist1n" ; :wordnet "lexicographer", "lexicologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lexicographer' in WordNet: 1. lexicographer, lexicologist - (a compiler or writer of a dictionary; a student of the lexical component of language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Linguist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DictionaryDefinition ; owl:onProperty :isTheAuthorOf ] . :Liability :wnsense "liability1n" ; :wordnet "liability" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Liability'' is an ''RiskySituation'' for Persons who have some potential NOTE: for a ''Liabilty'' that inolves some form of financial obligation, use subtype ''FinancialLiability'' Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'liability' (including obligations that are not only financial) in WordNet: 1. (1) liability - (the state of being legally obliged and responsible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :RiskySituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Liable :en "apt to", "liable to" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Safe ; :wnsense "apt1adj", "liable1adj" ; :wordnet "apt", "liable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Liable''is a subtype of ''Vulnerable'' modifying an undesirable EventType specifying that the thing modified has more than a small (but not quantified) likelihood of experiencing that undesirable Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'liable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) apt, liable - (at risk of or subject to experiencing something usually unpleasant; 'he is apt to lose'; 'she is liable to forget') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vulnerable . :Liaison :wnsense "contact6n", "inter-group communication1n", "liaison2n", "link7n" ; :wordnet "contact", "inter-group communication", "liaison", "link" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Liaison'' is a ''Person'' or ''GroupOfPeople'' who serve(s) as a ''CommunicationsChannel'' for other Agents. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'liaison' in WordNet: 2. (1) liaison, link, contact, inter-group communication - (a channel for communication between groups; 'he provided a liaison with the guerrillas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationsChannel, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople ) ] . :Liar :wnsense "liar1n", "prevaricator1n" ; :wordnet "liar", "prevaricator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liar' in WordNet: 1. (2) liar, prevaricator - (a person who has lied or who lies repeatedly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lying ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Liberal :wnsense "liberal1n", "liberalist1n", "progressive2n" ; :wordnet "liberal", "liberalist", "progressive" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Liberal'' is a ''Person'' whose views on politics are ''PoliticallyLiberal'', i.e. s/he believes in ''Liberalism''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liberal' in WordNet: 1. (27) liberal, liberalist, progressive - (a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliticallyLiberal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liberalism ; owl:onProperty :believes ] . :Liberalism :wnsense "liberalism1n" ; :wordnet "liberalism" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liberalism' in WordNet: 1. (6) liberalism - (a political orientation that favors progress and reform) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalIdeologicalBelief . :Liberalization :wnsense "liberalisation1n", "liberalization1n", "loosening1n", "relaxation4n", "relaxation7n" ; :wordnet "liberalisation", "liberalization", "loosening", "relaxation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The term 'slackening' can be used for wind as well as controls or restrictions. The 'wind' sense is not included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liberalization' and part (for relaxation of control) in WordNet: 1. liberalization, liberalisation, relaxation - (the act of making less strict) WN noun 'relaxation': 4. relaxation, loosening, slackening - (an occurrence of control or strength weakening; 'the relaxation of requirements'; 'the loosening of his grip'; 'the slackening of the wind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Easing, :RemovingaRestriction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relief ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inconvenience ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :Liberia :wnsense "Liberia1n" ; :wordnet "Liberia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Liberia' in Wordnet: 1. Liberia, Republic of Liberia - (a republic in West Africa; established in 1822 by Americans as a way to free negro slaves) """ . :Libertine :wnsense "debauchee1n", "libertine1n", "rounder1n" ; :wordnet "debauchee", "libertine", "rounder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Libertine'' is an ''ImmoralPerson'' who is a 'Man'' who often engages in ''SexuallyPromiscuous'' sexual intercourse. For the corresponding ''Woman''use ''Slut''. NOTE: 'Immoral' is an ''EvaluativeAttribute'' that depends on indvidual opinion. NOTE2: these terms are traditional but may be considered deprecatory. Alternative term? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'libertine' in WordNet: 1. (1) libertine, debauchee, rounder - (a dissolute person; usually a man who is morally unrestrained) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fornicator, :Man, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immoral ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexuallyPromiscuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Liberty :en "political independence" ; :wnsense "autonomy1n", "liberty1n" ; :wordnet "autonomy", "liberty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Liberty'' is a form of ''Independence'' (a form of ''Freedom'') from control of any country or agent outside the local Country. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liberty' in WordNet: 1. (7) autonomy, liberty - (immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Freedom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFreedomFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom :ForeignControl ] . :Librarian :guid "bd58e4de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "librarian1n" ; :wordnet "librarian" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The collection of persons who manage and work in libraries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'librarian' in WordNet: 1. (1) librarian, bibliothec - (a professional person trained in library science and engaged in library services) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :Professional-Adult, :SocialScientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Library-Organization ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LibraryScience ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Library-Department :en "library department" ; :guid "bb8d6d34-268e-41d7-9e8b-a6fb3ad2b19a" ; :ldoce "library" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Library-Organization. Each instance of this collection is a library which stands in the #$subOrganizations relation to some larger entity (such as a University, or of a Law Firm, or of any company that maintains an internal library.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Department, :LibraryOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :Library-Organization :guid "bd58e49c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$ServiceOrganization. Each instance of this collection is an organization which purchases, maintains, and often lends out a collection of #$InformationBearingThings for perusal by its members, or by the general public. Instances of this collection may be organizations in their own right, or #$subOrganizations of some larger entity (such as a University). For the latter case, see the more specialized collection #$Library-Department.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, :ProductDisplayOrganization, :ServiceOrganization . :LibraryBuilding :ldoce "library" ; :wnsense "library3n" ; :wordnet "library" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LibraryBuilding' is a Building or part of a building maintained by a LibraryOrganization for the purpose of containing books, and possibly other kinds of reading or literary materials such as newspapers, magazines, video tapes, CD's, or any other medium which stores information, including computers with or without access to the internet. The important criterion is that it is a space maintained by a LibraryOrganization. Instances would be the Library of Congress building in Washington, the Library at Alexandria, and a library room in a commercial organization that has a formal 'library' as a subdivision. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'library' in WordNet: 3. (2) library, depository library - (a depository built to contain books and other materials for reading and study) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :HumanOccupationConstruct . :LibraryCollection :ldoce "library" ; :wnsense "library2n" ; :wordnet "library" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LibraryCollection' is an 'ObjectCollection' including books and possibly other types of information-bearing objects. NOTE that this collection only includes artifacts, not natural objects, which might be included in a museum collection, and might be incidentally kept in a library, but by this definition would not be part of the 'LibraryCollection'. This includes private 'libraries', even relatively small ones, but may be part of the holdings of a 'LibraryOrganization'; it can also be used to describe subdivisions of a larger library, such as 'Fiction' books or 'DVDs', or 'Rare books'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'library' in WordNet: 2. (2) library - (a collection of literary documents or records kept for reference or borrowing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :InformationBearingObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :LibraryOrganization :guid "bd58e49c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "library" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LibraryOrganization' is an Organization whose main purpose is to keep and provide a means of access to information, as part of another Organization (such as libraries maintained by a town government) or within a large commercial organization.. In Cyc called 'Library-Organization' Cyc: A specialization of #$ServiceOrganization. Each instance of this collection is an organization which purchases, maintains, and often lends out a collection of #$InformationBearingThings for perusal by its members, or by the general public. Instances of this collection may be organizations in their own right, or #$subOrganizations of some larger entity (such as a University). For the latter case, see the more specialized collection #$Library-Department. There is no sense in WordNet specifying such an Organization. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LibraryRoom :LibraryBuilding :LibraryCollection ) ] ] . :LibraryRoom :guid "bd58e9ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "library" ; :wnsense "library1n" ; :wordnet "library" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Room or group of Rooms in a building, mostly used for the purpose of containing books (or other reference works, such as videos and documents), but part of an organization or establishment that is not itself a 'LibraryOrganization'. This sense of 'library' can be used for rooms in a place of business or a home that is the primary place for storage of books for easy access, even if the room is also used for other purposes. a 'Library' may have built-in bookshelves, but may also be just a room in a home with a lot of books placed on movable shelves, that is called the 'library' because it has more of the books in the home than any other room. This is probably the same meaning as Cyc 'LibraryRoom', but the Cyc element has no explanatory comments. For a library that is a building or part of a building managed by a LibraryOrganization, use 'LibraryBuilding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'library' in WordNet: 1. (3) library - (a room where books are kept; 'they had brandy in the library') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room . :LibraryScience :wnsense "library science1n" ; :wordnet "library science" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ the 'SocialScience' concerned with managing a 'LibraryOrganization'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'library science' in WordNet: 1. library science - (the study of the principles and practices of library administration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialScience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Physical ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LibraryOrganization ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Libya :wnsense "Libya1n" ; :wordnet "Libya" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Libya' in Wordnet: 1. Libya, Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya - (a country in northern Africa on the Mediterranean, formerly a military dictatorship; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum) """ . :Lice :en "lice" ; :ennp "lice" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of at least three 'Louse''s, on one animal. having this is the criterion for being ''Lousy'' (''Infested'' with lice). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Louse ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Licence :wnsense "licence1n", "license3n" ; :wordnet "licence", "license" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Licence'' is an excessive form of ''FreedomOfChoice'' in which people are allowed to pursue ther own interests without concern for the negative effects on other people that their actions affect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'licence' in WordNet: 1. license, licence - (excessive freedom; lack of due restraint; 'when liberty becomes license dictatorship is near'- Will Durant; 'the intolerable license with which the newspapers break...the rules of decorum'- Edmund Burke) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreedomOfChoice . :License :wnsense "licence3n", "license1n" ; :wordnet "licence", "license" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'License' is any of various 'Permission's granted by a Government or government agency. The Right is granted in a 'GrantingPermission' Event. This is abstract, **not** the document that is evidence of the license. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'license' in WordNet: 1. (4) license, licence, permit - (a legal document giving official permission to do something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Permission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GovernmentalOrganization ] . :LicenseToPractice :wnsense "occupation licence1n", "occupation license1n" ; :wordnet "occupation licence", "occupation license" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LicenseToPractice' is any of various 'License's granted by a Government or government agency to professionals or craftsmen, such as doctors, nurses, lawyers, plumbers, electricians, or others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occupation license' in WordNet: 1. (1) occupation license, occupation licence - (a license to pursue a particular occupation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :License . :Licensed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :IssuingaLicense ; :wnsense "accredited1adj", "commissioned2adj", "licenced1adj", "licensed1adj" ; :wordnet "accredited", "commissioned", "licenced", "licensed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'licensed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) accredited, commissioned, licensed, licenced - (given official approval to act; 'an accredited college'; 'commissioned broker'; 'licensed pharmacist'; 'authorized representative') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Licensed-Professional :en "licensed professional" ; :enn "licensed professional" ; :guid "be91b035-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$PersonWithOccupation that are licensed professionals, e.g., doctors and lawyers. The relationship to the 'License' is crudely represented by the 'has' restriction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialServiceProvider, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :License ; owl:onProperty :possesses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Licensed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Licensee :wnsense "licencee1n", "licensee1n" ; :wordnet "licencee", "licensee" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Licensee''is a ''LegalAgent'' who is an ''Owner'' of a License. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'licensee' in WordNet: 1. licensee, licencee - (someone to whom a license is granted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Owner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialUseLicense ; owl:onProperty :owns ] . :Lichen :guid "bd5909d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lichen2n" ; :wordnet "lichen" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lichen' in WordNet: 2. lichen - (any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fungus . :Licking :CYC "LickingEvent" ; :en "licking" ; :guid "bf32b695-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lap2v", "lap6n", "lick2n", "lick2v" ; :wordnet "lap", "lick" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The physical act of licking. This is a Touching, so there are two salient objects involved. CYC 'LickingEvent': The collection of events in which an agent licks something. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lick' in WordNet: 2. (7) lick, lap - (pass the tongue over; \"the dog licked her hand\") WN noun 'lick': 2. lick, lap - (touching with the tongue; 'the dog's laps were warm and wet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :AnimalActivity, :TouchingDeliberately, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tongue ; owl:onProperty :requiredBodypart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tongue ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertebrate ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :Licorice :wnsense "liquorice1n" ; :wordnet "liquorice" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'licorice' in WordNet: 2. licorice, liquorice - (a black candy flavored with the dried root of the licorice plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Candy, :CommodityProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LettucePlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :LicoricePlant :wnsense "licorice1n" ; :wordnet "licorice" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'licorice' in WordNet: 1. licorice, liquorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra - (deep-rooted coarse-textured plant native to the Mediterranean region having blue flowers and pinnately compound leaves; widely cultivated in Europe for its long thick sweet roots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :DicotSubclass, :HerbPlant, :Vegetable-Plant . :Lie :wnsense "fabrication1n", "fiction2n", "lie1n", "prevarication1n" ; :wordnet "fabrication", "fiction", "lie", "prevarication" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Assertion that is factually false, made by a person who knows it to be false. NOTE that this is the abstract content of a false assertion, not the linguistic representation. The distinction between a 'lie' and the subtype 'deceit' is subtle - a lie (knowingly false statement) may not be intended to deceive - if the hearer is not expected to be deceived (as in diplomatic denials that everyone knows are false, or 'not guilty' pleas in a court). For the act of lying, use 'Lying'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'lie' and sense 2 of 'fiction' in WordNet: 1. (13) lie, prevarication - (a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth) WN noun 'fiction': 2. fabrication, fiction, fable - (a deliberately false or improbable account) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Falsehood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lying ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Liechtenstein :wnsense "Liechtenstein1n" ; :wordnet "Liechtenstein" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Liechtenstein' in Wordnet: 1. Liechtenstein, Principality of Liechtenstein - (a small landlocked principality (constitutional monarchy) in central Europe located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland) """ . :LiegeLord :wnsense "liege lord1n", "liege2n" ; :wordnet "liege", "liege lord" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liege lord' in WordNet: 1. liege, liege lord - (a feudal lord entitled to allegiance and service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Overlord . :Lien :guid "bdc9ba53-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lien1n" ; :wordnet "lien" ; a :AssetType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lien'' is a ''SecurityInterest'' created by a some failure to pay a debt on time, or by a voluntary agreement that is not a ''MortgageAgreeement''. CYC: A collection of #$TemporaryUserRightsAgreements. Each #$Lien is a charge against property making it security for the payment of a debt, judgment, mortgage, or taxes. A #$Lien may be entered into voluntarily (as when taking out a loan, or one may be imposed by a government body, such as the #$InternalRevenueService. RHW: Law. the legal claim of one person upon the property of another person to secure the payment of a debt or the satisfaction of an obligation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lien' in WordNet: 1. lien - (the right to take another's property if an obligation is not discharged) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SecurityInterest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IncurringaDebt ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DefaultingonaDebt ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :Lieutenant :wnsense "lieutenant1n" ; :wordnet "lieutenant" ; a :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Lieutenant'' includes both ''SecondLieutenant'' and 'first lieutenant'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lieutenant' in WordNet: 1. (41) lieutenant - (a commissioned military officer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommissionedOfficer, :Soldier . :LieutenantColonel :guid "59ede830-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "lieutenant colonel1n" ; :wordnet "lieutenant colonel" ; a :PersonType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Rank intermediate between #$Major-Rank and #$Colonel-Rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S. Army, a Lieutenant Colonel usually commands an instance of #$Battalion-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lieutenant colonel' in WordNet: 1. lieutenant colonel, light colonel - (a commissioned officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines holding a rank above major and below colonel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommissionedOfficer . :LieutenantGeneral :guid "d7a8b9d2-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "lieutenant general1n" ; :wordnet "lieutenant general" ; a :PersonType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LieutenantGeneral'' is a Person with a Rank intermediate between #$MajorGeneral-Rank and #$General-Rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S. Army, a Lieutenant General typically commands an instance of #$Corps-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lieutenant general' in WordNet: 1. lieutenant general - (a general officer ranking above a major general and below a full general) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommissionedOfficer . :LifeBoat :guid "c1008e87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lifeboat1n" ; :wordnet "lifeboat" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LifeBoat'' is a ''Boat''used for saving people from drowning at sea. This is used to refer to the Boats that are carried on a large ''Ship'' to carry people to safety in case the Ship sinks. Some boats used from a shore base can also qualify for this type. RHW: 1. a double-ended ship's boat, constructed, mounted, and provisioned so as to be readily able to rescue and maintain persons from a sinking vessel. 2. a similarly constructed boat used by shore-based rescue services. CYC: Smaller boats carried on a ship to provide a means of escape if the ship is in danger of sinking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifeboat' in WordNet: 1. lifeboat - (a strong sea boat designed to rescue people from a sinking ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rowboat, :SeaworthyBoat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OceanLiner ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :LifeExperiences :wnsense "reality1n", "world2n" ; :wordnet "reality", "world" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LifeExperiences'' is some Group of ''Experience''s that are lived by one Person over some period of time, and influence that Person's outlook on life. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reality' in WordNet: 1. (21) world, reality - (all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you; 'his world was shattered'; 'we live in different worlds'; 'for them demons were as much a part of reality as trees were') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Experience ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :LifeForm :wnsense "living thing1n" ; :wordnet "living thing" ; a :LifeFormType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Life Form is very general category of organic objects that can reproduce themselves in a manner resembling the reproduction of animals and plants, and includes intact organisms, viruses, and prions. A part of an organism is not a life form in itself. NOTE that artificial life forms that are not organic (e.g. robots) are not included in this category. NOTE also that 'LifeForm' is not disjoint with 'InanimateThing' though 'Organism' is. This is because some primitive life forms, like some viruses, can occur in crystalline form (while still being viable), and we have categorized crystals as inanimate. The border between living and non-living at the subcellular level is fuzzy, and in COSMO (rev639) we are still trying to find the proper distinctions. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'living thing' in WordNet: 1. (1) living thing, animate thing - (a living (or once living) entity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimateThing, :OrganicObject, :SolidObject . :LifeFormType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LifeFormType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of ''OrganismType'' that can serve as type for LifeForms (including LifeForms that are not true Organisms) and an argument restriction for various relations on specific types of organisms. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentType, :PhysicalObjectType . :LifeLong :isAnAttributeValueOf :Organism ; :pertainsTo :Lifetime, :WholeLife ; :wnsense "lifelong1adj", "womb-to-tomb1adj" ; :wordnet "lifelong", "womb-to-tomb" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LifeLong'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last either during the ''Lifetime'' of an Organism, or during the *remaining* part of the Lifetime of an Organism ater some specified Event, such as ''LifeLong'' immunity after vaccination or a bout of infectious disease. NOTE: the WN synonym 'womb-to-womb' refers to the whole life period, but the examples are clearly attributes that are only acquired some time after birth, so 'continuing through life' only defines part of the meaning. NOTE that ''WholeLife'' can refer to Organisms or Devices, but this reference is only to the life of an Organism (@ToDo: should be differentiated). NOTE that ''Lifetime'' is the Event of an organism living for its entire life. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lifelong' in Wordnet: 1. (1) lifelong, womb-to-tomb - (continuing through life; 'a lifelong friend'; 'from lifelong habit'; 'his lifelong study of Greek art') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :LifeShouldBeSimple :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Life_should_be_simple ; :hasTopic :ENG_Life_should_be_simple ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :LifeSpan :wnsense "life-time1n", "life5n", "lifespan1n", "lifetime1n" ; :wordnet "life", "life-time", "lifespan", "lifetime" ; a :AttributeValueType, :DifferenceType, :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LifeSpan'' is the ''TimeInterval'' during which some organism remains alive *or* some ''Device'' continues to function adequately. This type is for the lifespan of an individual - birth to death time for that individual (Person or artifact). The ''expected life span' would be a statistical measure of the average ''LifeSpan'' of many objects of a particular type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifespan' in WordNet: 1. life, lifetime, life-time, lifespan - (the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death); 'the battery had a short life'; 'he lived a long and happy life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference, :NumericalDifference, :TimeDuration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CreationDate ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ExpirationDate ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :LifeStage :en "life stage" ; :enn "life stage" ; :wnsense "time of life1n" ; :wordnet "time of life" ; a :LifeStageType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """LifeStage is a RelativeTime that specifies the stage of life that a living thing is in at any particular time. For example, a Plant may be in the seed or seedling stage; an animal may be in the egg or embryonic stage; a butterfly or moth may be in the caterpillar or pupa stage. Meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. NOTE-1: This might be better represented as a ''PersistenState'', being the thing an animal 'does' while in that life stage. Needs more consideration. NOTE: this type in COSMO is not restricted to People - life stages of other animals and plants may be represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time of life' in WordNet: 1. (2) time of life - (a period of time during which a person is normally in a particular life state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeTimePart . :LifeStageType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """LifeStageType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that pertain to organisms at particular stages of their life cycle. Instances of 'LifeStageType' are types which may represent time periods (the intervals of time during which an organism is in a specific stage), **or** the organism in that stage. NOTE: this is an unusual usage of metatypes; the instances may be a subtype of one of two disjoint types. (Here, a TimeInterval may implicitly play a 'Role'. @ToDo - can this lead to problems?) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoleType . :LifeStyle :wnsense "life style1n", "life-style1n", "lifestyle1n", "modus vivendi2n" ; :wordnet "life style", "life-style", "lifestyle", "modus vivendi" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LifeStyle'' is the sum of ''MannerOfBehavior''s for a person or GroupOfPeople that is determined by their values and attitudes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifestyle ' in WordNet: 1. life style, life-style, lifestyle, modus vivendi - (a manner of living that reflects the person's values and attitudes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MannerOfBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HabitualPreference ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :LifeThreatening :isAnAttributeValueOf :LifeThreateningCondition, :ThreateningDeath ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :LifeThreateningCondition, :ThreateningDeath ; :wnsense "dangerous2adj", "grave2adj", "grievous1adj", "life-threatening1adj", "serious3adj", "severe5adj" ; :wordnet "dangerous", "grave", "grievous", "life-threatening", "serious", "severe" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'life-threatening' in Wordnet: 1. dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, severe, life-threatening - (causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm; 'a dangerous operation'; 'a grave situation'; 'a grave illness'; 'grievous bodily harm'; 'a serious wound'; 'a serious turn of events'; 'a severe case of pneumonia'; 'a life-threatening disease') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dangerous, :Ominous . :LifeThreateningCondition :en "life threatening condition" ; :enn "life threatening condition" ; :guid "c0fd50b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition. Each instance of #$LifeThreateningCondition is an ailment which, if left untreated, may cause the death of the organism afflicted by it. Specializations include #$Poisoning and #$Rabies. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousSituation, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LifeThreatening ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :LifeTimePart :ldoce "stage" ; :wnsense "life6n", "life9n", "stage1n" ; :wordnet "life", "stage" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LifeTimePart' is a TimeInterval that is contemporary with the existence of some object, usually a person. This is therefore a RelativeTime, being referenced to the Event of something existing for some interval of time. This is not the experience of living (see 'living' and 'Experience', but a TimeInterval. This type is not a subtype of 'ProcessStage' because it can be any arbitrary part of a lifetime, and is not necessarily caused by some transition Event, as a ProcessStage must be. However, it does seem to be included in the sense 1 of WordNet 'stage'. This sense includes noun senses 6 and 9 of 'life' in WordNet, however it includes part of a lifetime as well as a full lifetime: This sense also includes WordNet sense 1 of 'stage' in WordNet: 6. (60) life - (the period between birth and the present time; 'I have known him all his life') 9. (44) life - (the period from the present until death; 'he appointed himself emperor for life') WN 'stage' noun phase, stage - (any distinct time period in a sequence of events; \"we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthTime ; owl:onProperty :occurredLaterThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeathTime ; owl:onProperty :occurredEarlierThan ] . :Lifeguard :guid "bd590118-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lifeguard1n", "lifesaver1n" ; :wordnet "lifeguard", "lifesaver" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lifeguard'' is a ''Attender'' whose function is to stand guard at some location where ''Swimming'' is performed, as at a Beach or a swimming pool. CYC: People who monitor other people in swimming pools or at beaches. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifeguard' in WordNet: 1. lifeguard, lifesaver - (an attendant employed at a beach or pool to protect swimmers from accidents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attender, :Guard, :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeachorSwimmingPool ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :Lifetime :ldoce "life" ; :wnsense "aliveness1n", "animation1n", "life-time1n", "life4n", "life5n", "lifetime1n", "living3n" ; :wordnet "aliveness", "animation", "life", "life-time", "lifetime", "living" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Lifetime' is the experience of Living throughout an organism's (usually an animal's) conscious life, from birth to death. This is not for the 'lifetime' of inanimate objects. NOTE: a Person during his/her lifetime is a time-slice of the 4D person, since in COSMO a Person is still a Person after death. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'lifetime' and sense 5 of 'life' in WordNet: 5. (107) life, lifetime, life-time, lifespan - (the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death); 'the battery had a short life'; 'he lived a long and happy life') WN noun 'living': 3. (1) animation, life, living, aliveness - (the condition of living or the state of being alive; 'while there's life there's hope'; 'life depends on many chemical and physical processes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Living, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BirthTime ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DeathTime ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingTimePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ] . :LiftingDevice :wnsense "lifting device1n" ; :wordnet "lifting device" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifting device' in WordNet: 1. lifting device - (a device for lifting heavy loads) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :MechanicalDevice, :PoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Raising ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :LiftingaBodyPart :reversesTheEffectOf :Lowering ; :wnsense "lift3v", "raise8v" ; :wordnet "lift", "raise" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''LiftingaBodyPart'' has nor specific sense in WordNet, but seems to be the main intended meaning of verb sense 3 of 'lift', which distinguishes that sense from other WNsenses of 'lift. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'lift' in WordNet: 3. (2) lift, raise - (move upwards; 'lift one's eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Raising, :VoluntaryBodyMovement . :Ligament :guid "bd58eaa5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ligament1n" ; :wordnet "ligament" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Connecting tissue between bones. RHW: 1. Anat., Zool. a band of tissue, usually white and fibrous, serving to connect bones, hold organs in place, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ligament' in WordNet: 1. (1) ligament - (a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ConnectiveTissue, :InternalAnatomicalPart . :LigandType :guid "3bc47b54-3937-41d7-9033-bdfc2024a247" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies. Instances of #$LigandType are collections whose instances are substances capable of surrounding and bonding to a central metal ion, forming a metal complex (or simply complex). In forming a complex, the ligands are considered to coordinate to the metal.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType . :Light :ldoce "light" ; :wnsense "light1n", "visible light1n", "visible radiation1n" ; :wordnet "light", "visible light", "visible radiation" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Light'' is a substype of ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' THe Energy contained in 'Light' is ''LightEnergy''. For the Event of radiating light, see 'LightPropagationEvent'. The usual meaning of 'light' is the illumination that one sees,which would be represented in COSMO as a 'LightPropagationEvent'. But WordNet does not have these distinctions, so the energy form and radiation event are conflated in WN noun sense 1 of 'light': in WordNet: 1. (59) light, visible light, visible radiation - ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; 'the light was filtered through a soft glass window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectromagneticRadiationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seeing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Light-NotDark :isTheOppositeOf :Dark ; :ldoce "light" ; :wnsense "light6adj" ; :wordnet "light" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Light is an AttributeValue of an Object or Place that has a low level of illumination, making it easy to see. This is not an attribute of a color. Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'light' in WordNet: 6. (3) light - (characterized by or emitting light; 'a room that is light when the shutters are open'; 'the inside of the house was airy and light') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Light-NotHeavy :isTheOppositeOf :Heavy ; :ldoce "light" ; :wnsense "light1adj" ; :wordnet "light" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Light-NotHeavy' is an AttributeValue of an Object that has a mass value less than the typical object of its class, or a 'density' (specific gravity) less than some reference comparison. This can be 'light' relative to a typical person's ability to pick something up - less than 20 pounds; or heavy relative to the typical instance of an ObjectType that is modified by the term. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'light' in WordNet: 1. (15) light - (of comparatively little physical weight or density; 'a light load'; 'magnesium is a light metal-having a specific gravity of 1.74 at 20 degrees C') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute . :LightAperture :wnsense "aperture3n" ; :wordnet "aperture" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LightAperture'' is an ''Aperture'' that is a ''Device'' that is part of some some OpticalDevice that is designed to in some way affect the passage of light through it. This is most common in cameras where the aperture may or may not be adjustable. The glass in microscopes or binoculars or eyeglasses or sunglasses does not qualify as an ''Aperture'' because is is not an opening in an otherwise impenetrable barrier to light passage. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'aperture' in WordNet: 3. aperture - (an man-made opening; usually small) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aperture, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :OpticalDevice ] . :LightBeam :ldoce "beam" ; :wnsense "beam3n", "light beam1n", "ray of light1n", "ray1n" ; :wordnet "beam", "light beam", "ray", "ray of light" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LightBeam is an ElectromagneticRadiationEvent in which a narrow cross-section of light crosses some region of space. Same meaning as 'ray of light' except that 'ray' may be taken to mean visible light only, whereas 'LightBeam' includes any kind of ElectromagneticRadiation between infrared up to but not including gamma rays. The beam of light from a flashlight or a laser would be a LightBeam; a ray of sunlight light coming in a window (with defined edges) is also a LighBeam. This includes 'light beams' that are passing through some transparent object, such as a prism or ''OpticalFiber''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'beam', sense 1 of 'ray' in WordNet: 3. (4) beam, beam of light, light beam, ray, ray of light, shaft, shaft of light, irradiation - (a column of light (as from a beacon)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightPropagationEvent . :LightBeer :en "light beer", "light colored beer" ; :hasColor :AmberColored, :Transparent ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """LightBeer is light in color, not in calories. This is the typical amber-colored beer that is commonly consumed, not the dark-colored beer that is also available. Neither is necessarily more bitter or stronger than the other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beer . :LightBlue-Color :guid "7a6c8ad6-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Russian, dark blue and light blue are considered as different colors in a rainbow. LightBlue is termed 'goluboy' and dark blue 'siniy'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blue, :CeruleanColor, :UltramarineColor . :LightBrown :wnsense "light brown1n" ; :wordnet "light brown" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :HairColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LightBrown'' is the color of human ''HeadHair'' that is a less saturated ''\"BrownColor''. Close in value to ''DarkBlondeColor''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'light brown' in WordNet: 1. (1) light brown - (a brown that is light but unsaturated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brownish, :HairColorValue . :LightBulbIncandescent :guid "bd58c1a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "light bulb1n" ; :wordnet "light bulb" ; a :InventionType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bulb of glass or quartz enclosing material that incandesces or fluoresces when provided with current, thus generating light. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'light bulb' in Wordnet: 1. (2) light bulb, lightbulb, bulb, incandescent lamp, electric light, electric-light bulb - (electric lamp consisting of a transparent or translucent glass housing containing a wire filament (usually tungsten) that emits light when heated by electricity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BulbousObject, :ElectricalComponent, :ElectricalLightingDevice, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :LightEmittingComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, :RigidObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glass ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :LightColored :isTheOppositeOf :DarklyColored ; :wnsense "light-colored1adj", "light2adj" ; :wordnet "light", "light-colored" ; a :AppearanceType, :ColorAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LightColored'' is an attribute of objects with a color that will radiate reflected visible light at an intensity that is higher than the average intensity for objects under the same lighting conditions. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'light' in WordNet: 2. (11) light, light-colored - ((used of color) having a relatively small amount of coloring agent; 'light blue'; 'light colors such as pastels'; 'a light-colored powder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LightDensity :hasQuantifier :LessThan_1 ; :hasUnit :gramsPerMilliliter ; a :MassDensityMeasure ; rdfs:comment """''LightDensity'' is a verbal vague ''DensityMeasure'' used to characterize SolidSubstances or 'SolidObject''s that have a density less than that of water (less than 1 gram per milliliter). This is used to help characterize things like ''Foam'', whether on Beer or in a solid such as a semi rigid (styorofoam) or soft solid (in pillows). """ . :LightEmissionPhenomenon a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NaturalPhenomenon'' (an Event) in which Light is emitted by some process other than the familiar ways that Objects emit light from ''ArtifactObject''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :LightEmittingComponent a :CoverableObjectType, :InventionType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LightEmittingComponent'' is a generic type for small electric-powered objects designed to be part of other objects, and to serve as a light-emitting element in the larger Device, for the purpose of illuminating some area. This can be of any kind - an incandescent light bulb, a fluorescent light bulb, a light-emitting diode, a neon light, or even an arc(?). But the screen of a display device does not qualify, as its purpose is not for illumination. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ElectricalLightingDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectricalLightingDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IlluminatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :LightEmittingDiode :wnsense "LED1n", "light-emitting diode1n" ; :wordnet "LED", "light-emitting diode" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A diode that emits significant light (at theP-N junction). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'light-emitting diode' in Wordnet: 1. light-emitting diode, LED - (diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ElectricalLightingDevice, :LightEmittingComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, :RigidObject, :SmallObject . :LightEmittingObject :wnsense "shiner2n" ; :wordnet "shiner" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LightEmittingObject' is a PhysicalObject that emits light (or often emits light, or is an artifact designed to emit light, whether due to reflection or internal light-emitting processes. NOTE that the 'LightPropagationEvent' in which this type of Object participates can be a 'ShiningByReflection'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'shiner' in WordNet, but that sense does not include many other light-emitting objects as subtypes: in WordNet: 2. shiner - (something that shines (with emitted or reflected light)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightPropagationEvent ; owl:onProperty :wasTheMainParticipantIn ] . :LightEnergy :en "electromagnetic radiation energy", "light energy" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Energy contained in any ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' (including ''Light''). This can be transformed into other forms of Energy such as electrical energy (''Electricity'') in ''SolarCell''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectromagneticRadiationEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaConstituentSubstanceOf ] . :LightFixture :wnsense "lighting fixture1n" ; :wordnet "lighting fixture" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LightFixture'' is a Fixture that gives off light that emanates from a candle, gas flame, or an electrical lighting device. This includes fancy wall sconces and chandeliers as well as simple ceiling lights or cabinet or closet lights. COSMO note: The SUMO definition, not requiring the light to be fixed to a structure, is satisfied by the 'LightingDevice' Type. This Type is more specific, for (more or less) permanently installed fixtures designed to give light, such as a chandelier attached to the ceiling or a wall light.. NOTE that a fixture is a 'Protrusion' from a wall or ceiling, or floor. The relation specifies that the Fastener (connector) used is typically a Screw. SUMO: Any Device whose purpose is to be a source of visible light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lighting fixture' in WordNet: 1. lighting fixture - (a fixture providing artificial light) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Fixture, :LightEmittingObject, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Screw-Connector ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyConnectedBy ] . :LightFromJupiterObservedByPat :hasEndingPlace :Earth ; :wasEmittedByObject :Jupiter ; a :LightPropagationEvent ; rdfs:comment """A test instance of LightPropagationEvent to verify that the restrictions do not generate a contradiction. This is the light radiation (an Event) emitted by Jupiter and reaching the Earth; in reality, this should be a type, sine there are many instances, but this is just a test. An instance might be the light observed by a particular person at a particular time.""" . :LightIntensityMeasure :en "light intensity measure" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LightIntensityMeasure'' is a ''WaveIntensityMeasure'' in which the 'wave' is a ''Light'' wave. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amplitude, :WaveIntensityMeasure . :LightObject a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LightObject' is a SolidObject that is ''Light-NotHeavy'', .easy to pick up and hold with one hand; this implies a maximum weight of 200 grams. This can be modified when there is a need, or a class with a higher or lower maximum can be created. A ''LightObject'' can be held in one hand. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light-NotHeavy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light-NotHeavy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LightOliveBrown-Color :guid "8fc521c8-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrownColor, :CamelColor, :KhakiColor, :MustardColor . :LightPath :en "light path", "path of light" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LightPath'' is the Line over which some beam (ray) or photon of light travels or has traveled (not just 'can travel'). Without external influece this would normally be 'straight' in the sense of following the curvature of spacetime itself, but the line can be bent by various influences, including gravity, refraction, reflection, This Path is 'directed' because in this is not just a potential path for light (as in an optical fiber), but a path over which some light beam is now passing or has passed. @mod53 """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedPathSystem, :Line, :Path-Spatial, :SpaceLine-Empirical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightBeam ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :LightPropagationEvent :guid "bfa6dfd1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "light" ; :wnsense "light10n", "light1n" ; :wordnet "light" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of events consisting of the propogation of electromagnetic radiation in the visible or near-visible (e.g. infrared) spectrum (''VisibleLight''), and associated with photons, a particle which lacks rest mass. Somewhat paradoxically, light has both a wavelike and a particle-like nature. This is a state of 'light' being present somewhere. ('The south facing room had lovely light all day long') The radiation one sees that illuminates objects and makes them visible is represented in COSMO by this type. For 'light' as a form of energy, use 'Light'. The usual meaning of 'light' is the illumination that one sees,which is be represented in COSMO as a 'LightPropagationEvent'. But WordNet does not make the distinctions between this type of 'light' and light as a form of energy, so the energy form and radiation event are conflated in WN noun sense 1 of 'light'; the energy form is represented by 'Light' in COSMO; WN sense 10 of light' is also approximate, but seems to imply abundant lighting, which is included by not necessary for the COSMO 'LightPropagationEvent'. The WN sense 2 of 'illumination' is only approximately close to this sense, as the WN sense seems to focus on degree of illumination rather than merely the state of light existing in WordNet: 1. (59) light, visible light, visible radiation - ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; 'the light was filtered through a soft glass window') 10. (2) light, lighting - (having abundant light or illumination; 'they played as long as it was light'; 'as long as the lighting was good') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectromagneticRadiationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :LightStress :en "light stress" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Syllable ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LightStress'' is a ''SyllableStress'' in a word that signifies that the ''Syllable'' is pronounced noticeably softer and shorter than a ''Syllable'' with a ''HeavyStress'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SyllableStress . :LightYear a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'isEquivalentTo' 5.88 trillion miles Corresponds to part (not the unit of measure) noun sense 1 of 'light year' in WordNet: 1. (1) light year, light-year - (the distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1 year; 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion kilometers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :LightedBirthdayCandle a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LightedBirthdayCandle'' is a ''BurningObject''' that is a ''BirthdayCandle'' on a ''BirthdayCake'' that has been lighted as part of the ''BirthdayCelebration''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirthdayCandle, :BurningObject, :LightedCandle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthdayCake ; owl:onProperty :isOnTopOf ] . :LightedCandle :en "burning candle", "lighted candle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LightedCandle'' is a ''BurningObject'' that is a ''Candle'' of any type, oriented (mostly) vertically with a wick burning on top of it. For the purpose of this type, the 'flame' (represented as a ''CandleFlameObject'') is considered as part of the ''LightedCandle''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BurningObject, :Candle, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CandleFlameObject ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CandleLight ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :LighterThanAir :wnsense "lighter than air1adj" ; :wordnet "lighter than air" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LighterThanAir'' is an attribute of objects that have a density less than that of Air'' (if precision is needed, Air at room temperature and pressure). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lighter than air' in Wordnet: 1. lighter-than-air - (relating to a balloon or other aircraft that flies because it weighs less than the air it displaces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Light-NotHeavy . :LighterThanAirCraft :guid "beae9829-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AirTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$LighterThanAirCraft is an air transportation device that depends on lighter-than-air gaseous substances for lift. Notable specializations of #$LighterThanAirCraft include #$WeatherBalloon and #$BlimpTheAirship. Some but not all ''LighterThanAirCraft'' are also ''InflatableContainer''s. Some hot-air balloons are not inflatable, and some airships that use Helium actually have an external frame with the inflatable containers inside, so the whole airship does not expand in volume when the internal conatainers are filled.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LighterThanAir ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Lightheaded :wnsense "faint4adj", "light-headed1adj", "light15adj", "lightheaded1adj", "swooning1adj" ; :wordnet "faint", "light", "light-headed", "lightheaded", "swooning" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: being ''Lightheaded'' can have several levels of intensity, and duration, from a brief feeling that one might lose one's balance to an intensifying feeling that one is losing consciousness. Those levels are not distinguished here. Perhaps distinctions will allow logical implications that are not true of all levels. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lightheaded' in Wordnet: 1. faint, light, swooning, light-headed, lightheaded - (weak and likely to lose consciousness; 'suddenly felt faint from the pain'; 'was sick and faint from hunger'; 'felt light in the head'; 'a swooning fit'; 'light-headed with wine'; 'light-headed from lack of sleep') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Lightheadedness :en "feeling faint", "lightheadedness" ; :wnsense "faintness1n" ; :wordnet "faintness" ; a :EventType, :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lightheadedness'' is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' and a ''Feeling'' in which a Person loses full alertness, with some deeling that s/he may lose balance and fall, or in intense cases, lose consciousness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'faintness' in WordNet: 1. faintness - (a feeling of faintness and of being ready to swoon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lightheaded ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Lighthearted :isTheOppositeOf :Somber ; :wnsense "blithe2adj", "blithesome1adj", "frivolous1adj", "jesting1adj", "jocose1adj", "jocular1adj", "joking1adj", "light-hearted1adj", "lighthearted1adj", "lightsome2adj" ; :wordnet "blithe", "blithesome", "frivolous", "jesting", "jocose", "jocular", "joking", "light-hearted", "lighthearted", "lightsome" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOT ''Serious'' and not ''Sober'': 'Lighthearted' is an attribute of people or events characterizing the manner in which people behave, specifically behaving as though the thing they are doing is *unimportant*, often behaving frivolously and treating the action lightly and without concern; not 'Somber'. This can be applied to a manner of behaving on a specific occasion, or to a habitual disposition of a person. Includes part of sense 1 of 'lighthearted' in WordNet, but does not necessarily include being 'happy' or 'cheerful', this merely means that the action is not considered of great consequence by the actor thus characterized; this type also includes 'frivolous' and 'jocular' and 'joking' though those might be represented by a separate subtype:. in WordNet: 1. (1) blithe, blithesome, lighthearted, lightsome, light-hearted - - (carefree and happy and lighthearted; 'was loved for her blithe spirit'; 'a merry blithesome nature'; 'her lighthearted nature'; 'trilling songs with a lightsome heart') WN adjective 'frivolous': 1. (3) frivolous - (not serious in content or attitude or behavior; 'a frivolous novel'; 'a frivolous remark'; 'a frivolous young woman') WN adjective 'jocular': 1. (2) jesting, jocose, jocular, joking - (characterized by jokes and good humor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carefree . :Lighthouse :guid "bd644f3b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beacon light1n", "beacon3n", "lighthouse1n", "pharos1n" ; :wordnet "beacon", "beacon light", "lighthouse", "pharos" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of lighthouses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lighthouse' in WordNet: 1. beacon, lighthouse, beacon light, pharos - (a tower with a light that gives warning of shoals to passing ships) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :Tower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightingDevice ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WarningSignal ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :LightingArrangement :wnsense "lighting2n" ; :wordnet "lighting" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LightingArrangement'' is an OrderedGroup of two or more ''LightingDevice''s, set in a particular arrangment by an IntelligentAgent to achieve a certain type of lighting effect. This is what is used on stages and movie sets, and elsewhere. A group of lights in a house that are used in common (such as a group of ceiling lights) is also an instance. This is a subtype of 'Arrangement'in WordNet. For stage or set lighting,subtypes of this type can be created. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'lighting' in WordNet: 2. (2) lighting - (apparatus for supplying artificial light effects for the stage or a film) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrangement, :OrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :LightingDevice ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IlluminatingSomethingAction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :LightingDevice :en "lights" ; :ennp "lights" ; :guid "bd58a5ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "light" ; :wnsense "light source1n", "light2n" ; :wordnet "light", "light source" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$LightingDevice is a specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$LightingDevice has the #$primaryFunction of providing light. The light provided may be provided in different ways and for different specialized purposes. For example, it may be for general illumination of a fixed area (as by instances of #$Candle, #$Lantern, #$ElectricLamp, and #$Streetlight); or it may be for specially directed illumination (as by instances of #$AutomotiveLight and #$Flashlight); or it may be for use in a signal or sign (as by instances of #$TrafficLight and #$IndicatorLight); or it may be for some other special purposes (as by instances of #$StrobeLight). This also includes lasers. COSMO note: not all 'LightingDevice's function to illuminate other objects; @ToDo: perhaps that kind of device (lamp, flashlight) should be a subtype? SUMO: Any Device whose purpose is to be a source of visible light. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'light' in WordNet: 2. (23) light, light source - (any device serving as a source of illumination; 'he stopped the car and turned off the lights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :LightEmittingObject, :SelfPoweredDevice, :UsefulSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmittingLight ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IlluminatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :LightingEquipment :wnsense "lighting2n" ; :wordnet "lighting" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''LightingEquipment'' is a ''LightingDevice'' that is a Group of one or more ''LightingDevice''s used for some ''IlluminatingSomethingAction'' - lighting up an Object or area,such as part of a stage or movie set or room or stadium. For ''lightingequipment'' placed in a specific orderly arrangment, use ''LightingArrangement''. NOTE that ''LightingEquipent'' is a ''LightingDevice'' and also a Group of ''LightingDevice''s,so this type ignores the relations of the component ''LightingDevice''s to each other and represents only the physical objects. Representing the arrangement would be a different type (e.g. an ''Arrangement'').. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'lighting' in WordNet: 2. (2) lighting - (apparatus for supplying artificial light effects for the stage or a film) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Apparatus, :LightingDevice, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :LightingDevice ] . :LightlyStressedSyllable :en "lightly stressed syllable" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LightlyStressedSyllable'' is a ''StressedSyllable'' having a ''LightStress'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StressedSyllable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightStress ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LightningCurrent a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'LightningCurrent' process is the process of current flowing during a LightningEvent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricCurrent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightningEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightningEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ] . :LightningEvent :guid "bd589322-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lightning" ; :wnsense "bolt of lightning1n", "bolt1n", "lightning1n", "thunderbolt1n" ; :wordnet "bolt", "bolt of lightning", "lightning", "thunderbolt" ; a :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Emission and #$ImmediateWeatherProcess. In each instance of #$LightningEvent, a flashing of light is produced by the discharge of atmospheric electricity. This is the flash together with its subevents, particularly the ''LightningFlash'' and ''Thunder'',considered as one Event. This representation assumes that all 'LightningEvent''s cause ''Thunder'' even if it is not heard by any people. The WN synset 'thunderbolt, bolt, bolt of lightning' is most applicable to this type as the complete Event, though 'thunderbolt' seems intuitively as though it is the sound. But both the light emission (''LightningFlash') and the ''Thunder' sound are separable phenomena, though they are treated as subevents of this type.. However, 'bolt of lightning' is also used as a label for the ''LightningFlash''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lightning' in WordNet: 1. (8) lightning - (abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light) WN noun 'lightning'': 1. (2) thunderbolt, bolt, bolt of lightning - (a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalEvent, :Emission, :ImmediateWeatherProcess, :LightEmissionPhenomenon, :OpticalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightningFlash ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thunder ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightningCurrent ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ] . :LightningFlash :ldoce "flash", "lightning" ; :wnsense "bolt of lightning1n", "lightning2n" ; :wordnet "bolt of lightning", "lightning" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FlashOfLight' caused by a 'LightningEvent'. The air-to-ground-to-air flash is often jagged, and is depicted symbolically by a vertical zig-zag line. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lightning' and part of WN noun 'bolt of lightning' in WordNet: 2. (3) lightning - (the flash of light that accompanies an electric discharge in the atmosphere (or something resembling such a flash); can scintillate for a second or more) WN noun 'lightning'': 1. (2) thunderbolt, bolt, bolt of lightning - (a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlashOfLight, :LightEmissionPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightningEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Lightweight :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "lightweight1adj" ; :wordnet "lightweight" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Lightweight'' is for a Person with little influence or whose inellectual contributions in some field are minor and unimportant. For 'lightweight' meaning having low density, use ''LowDensity''. RHW 'lightweight': 3. without seriousness of purpose; trivial or trifling: lightweight reading. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lightweight' in Wordnet: 1. lightweight - (having no importance or influence; 'a lightweight intellect') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unimportant . :Lignite :guid "bfd9018e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Carbon ; :wnsense "brown coal1n", "lignite1n" ; :wordnet "brown coal", "lignite" ; a :NaturalResourceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A form of ''Coal'' that has some organic material other than pure carbon. RHW: a soft coal, usually dark brown, often having a distinct woodlike texture, and intermediate in density and carbon content between peat and bituminous coal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lignite' in WordNet: 1. (4) lignite, brown coal, wood coal - (intermediate between peat and bituminous coal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coal . :LikeMinded :wnsense "like-minded1adj" ; :wordnet "like-minded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LikeMinded'' describes a Group of two or more people who have similar opinions on some one or more specific topic(s). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'like-minded' in Wordnet: 1. (2) like-minded - (of the same turn of mind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Similar . :Likelihood :isAnAttributeValueOf :FutureSituation ; :ldoce "likelihood" ; :wnsense "likelihood1n" ; :wordnet "likelihood" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Likelihood'' is a ''Chance'' that is greater than 50% (greater than a ;Chance'') of some ''FutureSituation''. This includes a range of possible values, all greater than 0.5 and less than 0.99. Verbally this can go from a 'modest likelihood' (about 0.5) to a 'good likelhood' (more than .7). But less than a ''Certainty''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'likelihood' in WordNet: 1. (2) likelihood, likeliness - (the probability of a specified outcome) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chance, :Probability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.99"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :Likely :hasQuantifier , :GreaterThanHalf ; :ldoce "likely" ; :wnsense "likely1adj", "likely2adj", "probable1adj", "probable2adj" ; :wordnet "likely", "probable" ; a :Probability, :TruthValue ; rdfs:comment """'Likely' is a Probability value (an AttributeValue) that is a range of values from greater than 0.5 to 1. It is represented as having a Quantifier with any number greater than 0.5, and also having as Quantifier the ExclusiveNumberRange of 0.5 to 1.0. There should be only one Quantifier, but these are both used for testing purposes. This has essentially the same meaning as 'Probable', which is a class that is a subtype of 'VerbalProbability' Linguistically this concept is expressed by phrases such as 'that outcome is likely' or 'that assertion is probably true'. In the ontology, that would be expressed as: {?Event hasProbability Likely}. For the case of the WordNet example 'the broken limb is likely to fall', one would create an Event in which the broken limb falls (e.g. FallOfBrokenLimb23) and then assert: {FallOfBrokenLimb23 hasProbability Likely} This corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'likely' and senses 1 and 2 of 'probable' in WordNet: 1. (61) likely - (has a good chance of being the case or of coming about; 'these services are likely to be available to us all before long'; 'she is likely to forget'; 'a likely place for a restaurant'; 'the broken limb is likely to fall'; 'rain is likely'; 'a likely topic for investigation'; 'likely candidates for the job') 2. (4) probable, likely - (likely but not certain to be or become true or real; 'a likely result'; 'he foresaw a probable loss') WN adj 'probable': 2. (2) probable - (apparently destined; 'the probable consequences of going ahead with the scheme') """ . :Liking :eng "liking" ; :ldoce "like" ; :wnsense "like3v" ; :wordnet "like" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState in which one person is Fond of another person, or has a tendency to enjoy some experience. The object can be a person, inanimate object, or type of Event. This Action type is only subtly different from the Feeling of Affection: To 'like' something is to experience Affection (fondness) toward that thing. 'LikingEvent' is also represented by the relation 'likes' which specifies what agent likes what thing. The relation needs an @FOL representation. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'like' in WordNet: 3. (19) like - (be fond of; 'I like my nephews') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friendliness, :GoodWill, :PersistentState . :LikingEvent :eng "liking" ; :ldoce "like" ; :wnsense "like2v" ; :wordnet "like" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'LikingEvent' is a StaticSituation that is also an Action (it is a Perceiving being performed by an IntentionalAgent), in which some perceptions of an IntentionalAgent are causing a Feeling of 'Pleasure', as well as a feeling of 'Liking'. NOTE, however, that a 'Liking' is not necessarily caused by a 'Perceiving'. The something perceived could be a work of art, a performance, being with another person, participating in some activity, or any other thing. A more intense form of 'liking' is the subtype 'Enjoying'. A result of a ''LikingEvent'' may be a 'Liking' (a feeling of liking something) or more specifically, an 'Affection' (a liking of a Person). 'LikingEvent' is also represented by the relation 'enjoys' which specifies what agent likes what thing. The relation needs an @FOL representation. For the generic relation in which one wants to assert that a person habitually likes or tends to like some kind of thing, use 'likes'. For the sense in which a person likes another person (an Emotion) use 'Affection' or Fondness. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'like' in WordNet: 2. (73) like - (find enjoyable or agreeable; 'I like jogging'; 'She likes to read Russian novels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving, :StaticSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liking ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :LilacBush :guid "bd589af0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lilac1n" ; :wordnet "lilac" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bush on which lilac flowers bloom. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lilac' in WordNet: 1. (3) lilac - (any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :FloweringPlant . :LilacColor :guid "7a6c8ad6-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "lavender1adj", "lilac-colored1adj", "lilac1adj" ; :wordnet "lavender", "lilac", "lilac-colored" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color of the flowers of the common variety of lilac bush. There are also white lilac bushes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lilac' in WordNet: 1. (1) lavender, lilac, lilac-colored - (of a pale purple color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Purple . :LilacPlant :wnsense "lilac1n" ; :wordnet "lilac" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lilac' in WordNet: 1. (3) lilac - (any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush . :Lily :wnsense "lily1n" ; :wordnet "lily" ; a :BiologicalGenus, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In WN, a Genus: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lily' in WordNet: 1. lily - (any liliaceous plant of the genus Lilium having showy pendulous flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LilyOrder . :LilyOrder :guid "bd58c7e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonocotSubclass . :Limb-AnimalBodyPart :guid "be7d6e49-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "limb" ; :wnsense "limb1n" ; :wordnet "limb" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Limb-AnimalBodyPart is a specialization of #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart and an instance of #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType. Each instance of #$Limb-AnimalBodyPart is a bilaterally symmetric #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart that extends from the #$Trunk-BodyCore; including #$Arm, #$Leg, #$Wing-AnimalBodyPart, #$Flipper, and pectoral #$Fin. A #$Finger, #$Toe, #$Hand, #$Tail-BodyPart, ... is not a #$Limb-AnimalBodyPart. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limb' in WordNet: 1. (6) limb - (one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart . :LimbPart :en "limb part", "part of an animal limb" ; :enn "limb part", "part of an animal limb" ; a :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''limbPart'' is any part of a ''Limb'' (bodypart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limb-AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :LimbType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that point to a type of ''Limb-AnimalBodyPart\".""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPartType . :Lime :wnsense "lime6n" ; :wordnet "lime" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fruit that is produced by a LimeTree, having a multiply indented but shiny skin, and a lime-green color. Corresponds to sense 6 of 'lime' in WordNet: 6. lime - (the green acidic fruit of any of various lime trees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LimeTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :LimeJuice :guid "bd588a03-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lime juice1n" ; :wordnet "lime juice" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LimeJuice'' is a 'SourTasting'' ''Juice'' made by crushing ''Lime''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lime juice' in WordNet: 1. lime juice - (usually freshly squeezed juice of limes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodIngredientOnly, :LimeOrLemonJuice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lime ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SourTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :LimeOrLemonJuice :en "lime or lemon juice" ; :enn "lime or lemon juice" ; :hasTaste :SourTasting ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LimeOrLemonJuice'' is a type that simly includes both ''LimeJice'' and ''LemonJuice'', reated to simplify definitions of things that may involve either ''LimeJuice'' or ''LemonJuice''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitJuice ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LimeJuice :LemonJuice ) ] . :LimeTree :guid "bd58822b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lime tree1n", "lime4n" ; :wordnet "lime", "lime tree" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A tree that grows limes. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'lime' and sense 1 of 'lime tree' in WordNet: 4. lime, lime tree, Citrus aurantifolia - (any of various related trees bearing limes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CitrusFruitTree, :FruitTree . :Limestone :guid "bd5b14f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Calcite ; :wnsense "limestone1n" ; :wordnet "limestone" ; a :StoneType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of stone consisting mostly of calcium carbonate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limestone' in WordNet: 1. limestone - (a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stone . :Limit :ldoce "limit" ; :wnsense "limit1n", "limit4n", "limit5n", "limit6n" ; :wordnet "limit" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Limit' is a specific sense, being a MeasurableQuantity (which can be a dimensionless ratio) that is a maximium or minimum value for some 'QuantitativeAttributeValue' of something in some situation. Each instance of 'Limit' may specify the actual quantitative value, and may have relations to things other than the specific thing limited; it points to the cause of the limit (authoritative decree or physical constraint), and the situation in which the limit applies, as well as the magnitude and units of the limit itself. This is a broad sense of 'limit' and more specific types will have the possible relations restricted. See the specialized ObjectProperties that have 'Limit' as the domain'. Includes noun senses 1, 4, 5 and 6 of 'limit' in WordNet: 1. (24) limit, bound, boundary - (the greatest possible degree of something; 'what he did was beyond the bounds of acceptable behavior'; 'to the limit of his ability') 4. (1) limit - (as far as something can go) 5. limit, limit point, point of accumulation - (the mathematical value toward which a function goes as the independent variable approaches infinity) 6. limit, limitation - (the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed; 'there are limits on the amount you can bet'; 'it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :Limitation :wnsense "constraint1n", "limitation1n" ; :wordnet "constraint", "limitation" ; a :LimitationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Limitation' is a form of *negative* Capability, i.e. it is an *inability* to do something. There are three parts to a 'Limitation', related by specific relations: 1. For externally imposed Limitations (see the subtype 'Restraint') it includes (by reference) the Rule (e.g. 'Restriction') or Condition that causes the constraint; use: 'isEstablishedByRuleOrCondition' a Restraint is an externally imposed Limitation, as contrasted with an internal Limitation, which can include an internal inability due simply to lack of physical capability for some Action. See 'Inability' For internally imposed Limitations, the Condition can be a a limit on some quantitative ability - e.g. an inability of individual people to jump more than a certain height. 2. The type of restraint: a law, parental rule, law of nature, or even a moral inhibition. use : 'isaLimitationOfType' 3. The Action which one is restrained from performing. use: 'isaLimitationOnActionOrRight' In cases where a 'Limitation' causes a 'Limit' on the value of some Attribute, relate that 'Limit' to the Limitation by the specialized relation 'causesLimit'. The 'Limit' will have other relations to elaborate on what is limited to that value(s). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'limitation' and includes noun sense 1 of 'constraint' in WordNet (the WordNet synonym 'restriction' is considered as a more specific externally imposed Limitation. in WordNet: 2. (3) limitation - (the quality of being limited or restricted; 'it is a good plan but it has serious limitations') WN noun 'constraint': 1. constraint, restraint - (the state of being physically constrained; 'dogs should be kept under restraint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capability, :Hindrance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLimitationOfType ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLimitationOnActionOrRight ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :Right :ObjectType ) ] ] . :LimitationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """LimitationType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Limitation as their argument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CapabilityType . :Limited :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :LimitingAction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unlimited ; :wnsense "circumscribed1adj", "limited2adj" ; :wordnet "circumscribed", "limited" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Limited'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to a ''Limit'' and to things that limit any Action or attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense of 'limited' in Wordnet: 2. (5) circumscribed, limited - (subject to limits or subjected to limits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LimitedAccess :guid "5fd6c6c8-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute describing the security level of objects to which access is restricted in some way. Kinds of #$LimitedAccess include #$Locked, #$PhysicallyRestricted, and #$PasswordProtected.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LimitedLiability :wnsense "limited liability1n" ; :wordnet "limited liability" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LimitedLiability'' is a ''Liability'' that is limited,in contrast to unlimited liability, which could lead to bankruptcy if a Person is found liable for some 'tort'. This is used in the technical sense for legal lilability of a Corporation (an 'LLC'), not for more common-sense potential interpretations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limited liability' in WordNet: 1. limited liability - (the liability of a firm's owners for no more than the capital they have invested in the firm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialLiability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Limiting :isAnAttributeOf :Limitation ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :LimitingAction ; :pertainsTo :Confining, :Limit, :Limitation, :LimitingAction ; :wnsense "confining1adj", "constraining1adj", "constrictive2adj", "limiting1adj", "restricting1adj", "restrictive1adj" ; :wordnet "confining", "constraining", "constrictive", "limiting", "restricting", "restrictive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Limiting'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to a ''Limit'' and to things that limit any Action or attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'limiting' in Wordnet: 1. (3) confining, constraining, constrictive, limiting, restricting - (restricting the scope or freedom of action) WN adj 'restrictive': 1. (1) restrictive - (serving to restrict; 'teenagers eager to escape restrictive home environments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LimitingAction :eng "limiting" ; :wnsense "bound3v", "confine2v", "limit1v", "restrain2v", "restrict3v", "throttle1v", "trammel2v" ; :wordnet "bound", "confine", "limit", "restrain", "restrict", "throttle", "trammel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LimitingAction'' is a 'Reduction' in the degree of freedom for some object to act, or some QuantitativeAttributeValue to change. This type is more general than ''Restricting'', which is a manner of ''LimitingAction'' by creating a Rule. ''Limiting'' is an Action that reduces Freedom by any means, For limiting freedom by''MakingaRule'' use the subtype ''Restricting'' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'limit' (not involving ''MakingaRule''') in WordNet: 1. (23) restrict, restrain, trammel, limit, bound, confine, throttle - (place limits on (extent or access); 'restrict the use of this parking lot'; 'limit the time you can spend with your friends') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, :Restricting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Range :Freedom :Limit :Change :GoalType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limited ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :LimitingCompetition :en "limiting competition" ; :enn "limiting competition" ; :wnsense "restraint of trade1n" ; :wordnet "restraint of trade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LimitingCompetition'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'restraint of trade' in WordNet: 1. restraint of trade - (any act that tends to prevent free competition in business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LimitingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialCompetition ; owl:onProperty :isaLimitationOnActionOrRight ] . :LimitingValue :wnsense "limit point1n", "limit5n", "point of accumulation1n" ; :wordnet "limit", "limit point", "point of accumulation" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mathematical concept: the limit of some dependent quantity as another related quantity approaches infinity. NOTE: this may be used to represent a 'limit' on the value of some ''PhysicalAttribute'' that is limited in value due to some physical factors that may or may not be expressible as a limit of a mathematical function Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'limit' in WordNet: 5. limit, limit point, point of accumulation - (the mathematical value toward which a function goes as the independent variable approaches infinity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limit, :Limitation, :Peak . :Limonite :guid "bfc74a60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Hematite, :Iron ; :isaSourceOf :Iron ; :wnsense "limonite1n" ; :wordnet "limonite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limonite' in WordNet: 1. limonite - (a widely occurring iron oxide ore; a mixture of goethite and hematite and lepidocrocite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IronOre . :Limousine :wnsense "limo1n", "limousine1n" ; :wordnet "limo", "limousine" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'limousine' in WordNet: 1. limousine, limo - (large luxurious car; usually driven by a chauffeur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automobile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Luxurious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chauffeur ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyControlledBy ] . :Limp :isTheOppositeOf :Rigid, :Stiff ; :wnsense "limp1adj" ; :wordnet "limp" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Limp is an attribute of objects that have little resistance to bending, and when held by one end in gravity, the middle will already be bent downward. This is the property of string, and is the opposite of 'Rigid'. This is strictly for the physical property of inanimate objects, not for metaphorical uses like 'limp handshake'. Something 'limp' tends to bend more than something ''Floppy''. Includes parts of adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'limp' ('not firm', 'lacking in firmness') in Wordnet: 1. (3) flaccid, lax, limp, slack - (lacking in strength or firmness or resilience; 'flaccid muscles'; 'took his lax hand in hers'; 'gave a limp handshake'; 'a limp gesture as if waving away all desire to know' G.K.Chesterton; 'a slack grip') 2. (3) limp, wilted - (not firm; 'wilted lettuce') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Floppy . :LimpObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LimpObject is a PhysicalObject that is Limp. A 'PieceOfString' would be the prototype of a LimpObject.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TendencyToDroop ; owl:onProperty :hasTendency ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Limping :guid "bd58af3e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gimp1v", "hitch2v", "hitch7n", "hobble1v", "hobble2n", "limp1n", "limp1v" ; :wordnet "gimp", "hitch", "hobble", "limp" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any impaired form of locomotion due to damage to the locomotion appendage used in the locomotion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'limp' in WordNet: 1. (3) limp, gimp, hobble, hitch - (walk impeded by some physical limitation or injury; 'The old woman hobbles down to the store every day') WN noun 'limp': 1. hitch, hobble, limp - (the uneven manner of walking that results from an injured leg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess . :Line :BFO "OneDimensionalRegion" ; :guid "bd5906cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "line" ; :wnsense "line4n" ; :wordnet "line" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC A specialization of both #$OneDimensionalGeometricThing and #$Path-Generic (q.v.). Each instance of #$Line is a one-dimensional geometrically-describable path, either curved or straight, through one-, two-, or higher-dimensional space. Examples include spatially localized objects (such as the equator) as well as abstract lines. Specializations of #$Line include #$Line-Straight, #$Line-Directed, and #$Arc. For the PhysicalObject 'line' use ''StringOrLine'' or a subtype like ''Cord''. COSMO note: for one-dimensional lines in our real universe, use the subtype 'SpaceLine-Empirical'. BFO: OneDimensionalRegion': Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with one dimension. BFO: Examples: the part of space that is a line stretching from one end of absolute space to the other, an edge of a cube-shaped part of space. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'line' in WordNet: 4. (13) line - (a length (straight or curved) without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :Line-Generic, :LongAndThinObject, :OneDimensionalGeometricThing, :Path-Generic, :Region . :Line-Generic :guid "e80ef3d4-1e6c-41d7-9d00-aea7fdb6310e" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of lines, broadly construed. Unlike #$Line, This collection is agnostic as to whether instances are actually #$OneDimensionalGeometricThings or simply near approximations of such (e.g. #$LineOfDemarcationForSportsArea). Instances of this collection are spatially continuous and linear in shape.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :SpatiallyContinuousThing . :LineBacker :wnsense "line backer1n", "line backer2n", "linebacker1n", "linebacker2n" ; :wordnet "line backer", "linebacker" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LineBacker'' is a ''FootballPler who plays on the defense in a Football game by being behind the line of scrimmage when the ball is 'snapped' at the start of a play, i.e. is *not* a ''FootballLineman'' at the time of that play (though may be at a different time). Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'linebacker' in WordNet: 1. (1) linebacker, line backer - (a defensive football player who takes a position close behind the linemen) 2. linebacker, line backer - (the position of a defensive football player who plays close behind the line of scrimmage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootballPlayer . :LineDrawing :wnsense "delineation2n", "depiction3n", "limning1n", "line drawing1n" ; :wordnet "delineation", "depiction", "limning", "line drawing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LineDrawing''is a Picture (a SheetLike PhysicalObject) that is composed of lines rather than brush strokes, as in a Painting, or an imaged Scene, as in a Photograph. A 'Drawing' may be quite complex, almost as complex as a painting, but must consist only of lines without any filled-in areas. The number of Lines can be as few as one. An ''Engraving'' is also composed of lines, but the lines on a printed ''Engraving'' are the reverse image of the lines drawn on the engraving block, so that is not quite a subtype of ''LineDrawing'' Corresponds to sense 1 of 'line drawing' in WordNet: 1. delineation, depiction, limning, line drawing - (a drawing of the outlines of forms or objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drawing-Depiction, :Picture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectType ] . :LineIntersection :wnsense "intersection1n" ; :wordnet "intersection" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LineIntersection'' is a ''GenericIntersection''' in which the things that intersect are ''Line''s that can be abstract geometrical objects or makings on a surface. For the physical lines on a surface, the intersection will be only approximately a 'point' and will have some finite width, but viewed in the whole context it will appear and be interpretable as a point. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intersection' in WordNet: 1. (10) intersection, intersection point, point of intersection - (a point where lines intersect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericIntersection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Line-Generic ] . :LineOfCredit :wnsense "charge account1n", "credit account1n", "credit line1n", "credit2n", "line of credit1n" ; :wordnet "charge account", "credit", "credit account", "credit line", "line of credit" ; a :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LineOfCredit'' is an ''Account'' with some ''IntelligentAgent'' that allows one to draw money or its equivalent without having previously transferred that money to the Account provider - thereby creating or increasing a Debt to the Account Provider. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'line of credit' and includes noun sense 2 of 'credit' in WordNet: 1. credit line, line of credit, bank line, line, personal credit line, personal line of credit - (the maximum credit that a customer is allowed) WN noun 'credit': 2. (5) credit - (money available for a client to borrow) WN 'credit account': 1. credit account, charge account, open account - (credit extended by a business to a customer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Account, :Source, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Money ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ] . :LineOfLatitude :en "line of latitude" ; :enn "line of latitude" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LineOfLatitude' is a circular ''GeographicalLine-Intangible'' located on the ''EarthsSurface''.each point of which has the same ''Latitude''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeodesicLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasLatitude ; owl:someValuesFrom :Latitude ] . :LineOfObjects :ldoce "line" ; :wnsense "line1n", "line3n" ; :wordnet "line" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any 'ObjectGroup' arranged linearly so that there is some sequential order, left to right, front to back, etc. This can be inanimate objects or people, but consists of physical objects. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'line' in WordNet: 1. (51) line - (a formation of people or things one beside another; 'the line of soldiers advanced with their bayonets fixed'; 'they were arrayed in line of battle'; 'the cast stood in line for the curtain call') 3. (15) line - (a formation of people or things one behind another; 'the line stretched clear around the corner'; 'you must wait in a long line at the checkout counter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Line-Generic, :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :ObjectGroup . :LineOfPeople :ldoce "line" ; :wnsense "line3n", "queue1n" ; :wordnet "line", "queue" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LineOfObjects' consisting exclusively of people, usually waiting to do something in sequential order. Most closely similar to noun sense 3 of 'line', in WordNet, but restricted to people lined up for some purpose susch as to enter a location, or to be served, or to take turns at some activity; more specifically represented by sense 1 of 'queue' in WordNet: 3. (15) line - (a formation of people or things one behind another; 'the line stretched clear around the corner'; 'you must wait in a long line at the checkout counter') WN 'queue': 1. queue, waiting line - (a line of people or vehicles waiting for something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LineOfObjects . :LineOfPerforations :wnsense "perforation1n" ; :wordnet "perforation" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LineOfPerforations'' is a Group of ''PiercedHole''s in some ''PhysicalObject'', typically in a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (though it may be in a layered set of sheets, which can be considered as a single sheet). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perforation' in Wordnet: 1. (1) perforation - (a line of small holes for tearing at a particular place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PhysicalFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PiercedHole ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :SheetOfSomeStuff ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TearingSomething ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :LineOfText-Abstract :wnsense "line5n" ; :wordnet "line" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LineOfText-Abstract'' is a ''DocumentPart'' consisting of a series of ''AbstractCharacter''s in one line of an ''AbstractText'' that has been formatted into 'lines' for printing or display on a computer screen, The midpoints of each of the the printable characters in a ''LineOfText'' ideally form a ''StraightLine'' when printed or displayed. This ''StraightLine'' is usually oriented 'horizontally' (relative to the 'top' of the page as 'up') but in some cases, especially in Chinese text, it may be vertical, depending on the orthography of the language. The number of characters in a ''LineOfText'' varies with the size of the printed material or computer screen, but will typically be from 40 to 120 characters, often in books 80 characters. One subtype of ''LineOfText'' is an ''ActorsLine'', which is an abstract representation of what the Actor speaks in the interval between other actors' lines or other Events that cause the actor to start and stop speaking. The length of an ''ActorsLine'' is not limited, other than by what the writer considers appropriate. RHW is for physical printing. Not represented here. RHW: 8. a row of written or printed letters, words, etc.: a page of 30 lines. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'line' in WordNet: 5. (11) line - (text consisting of a row of words written across a page or computer screen; 'the letter consisted of three short lines'; 'there are six lines in every stanza') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormattedString, :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :TextPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractCharacter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :LineOfVerse :wnsense "verse line1n", "verse3n" ; :wordnet "verse", "verse line" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an abstract line of text. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verse line' in WordNet: 1. verse, verse line - (a line of metrical text) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :WordString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MetricalFoot ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :LineOnaSurface :ldoce "line" ; :wnsense "line12n", "line2n" ; :wordnet "line" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any 'Mark' on a surface that is long and thin, and can be interpreted as a line by a person who oberves it. The 'surface' can be a computer screen, and the 'Mark' therefore need not be a PhysicalObject; the line may in fact be created by absence or removal of material from an otherwise relatively homogeneous surface, as with lines in geograophical formations created, e.g. by a crack in the surface of inclusions of materials of different composition. e.g. 'a line in the sand', 'lines' (wrinkles0 on a person's face This therefore need not be intentionally created by an agent, and is not necessarily an artifact, Includes noun sense 2 and 12 but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'line' in WordNet: 2. (20) line - (a mark that is long relative to its width; 'He drew a line on the chart') 12. (5) wrinkle, furrow, crease, crinkle, seam, line - (a slight depression in the smoothness of a surface; 'his face has many lines'; 'ironing gets rid of most wrinkles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Line-Generic, :Mark . :LinearObject :guid "bf628acb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ShapeType (q.v.) and a specialization of #$OneOrHigherDimensionalThing (q.v.). This is the most general collection of linear, or one-dimensional, objects. #$LinearObject is the shape type shared by anything that has only one discernible or relevant dimension. Examples include intangible geometric straight lines and line segments, arcs and curved line segments (of any complexity), and physical objects whose length is the only relevant dimension (with respect to a given context), such as a length of wire or the rim of a glass. Note that this also includes linear objects that do not remain in a single two-dimensional plane, such as a spiral or (in some contexts) a tangled ball of string. For linear objects that are geometrically relatively simple and regular (i.e. #$GeometricallyDescribableThings), see the specialization #$OneDimensionalGeometricThing. Other specializations include #$SpaceLine, #$LinearObject-Planar, and #$EdgeOnObject-Generic.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OneOrHigherDimensionalThing . :LinearOrderingRelation :en "linear ordering relation" ; :enn "linear ordering relation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LinearOrderingRelation' is a relation that can hold between sequential elements of a 'Series'. For example, a 'Series' may be ordered by time, size, or any quantitative attribute. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :LinearlyOrdered :ldoce "order" ; :wnsense "consecutive1adj", "linear2adj", "one-dimensional2adj", "order4n", "sequential1adj", "serial1adj", "successive1adj" ; :wordnet "consecutive", "linear", "one-dimensional", "order", "sequential", "serial", "successive" ; a :AppearanceType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LinearlyOrdered' is an AttributeValue of Groups that are arranged in a linear, sequential fashion, such that the elements can be identified by ordinal numbers. RHW: 3. extended or arranged in a line: a linear series. This attribute includes the notion of an 'order' meaning a definable arrangement, and that approximately corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'order' in Wordnet: 4. (7) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation') WN adjective 'sequential' part: 1. (1) consecutive, sequent, sequential, serial, successive - (in regular succession without gaps; 'serial concerts') WN adjective 'linear': 2. (3) linear, one-dimensional - (of or in or along or relating to a line; involving a single dimension; 'a linear measurement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ordered . :LinearlyOrderedAtomicGroup a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LinearlyOrderedAtomicGroup'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup . :LinearlyOrderedGroup :RO "sequentially ordered entity" ; :wnsense "ordering1n" ; :wordnet "ordering" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LinearlyOrderedGroup' is a Group that has a linear ordering, which is a mapping from the natural numbers to elements of the Group. It will usually have more than one element, but may have only one. The ordering can be the result of a random process, there may not be any principle that dictates how the elements are ordered. For a 'LinearlyOrderedGroup' in which the order is dictated by some 'LinearOrderingRelation', use 'Series'. RO NOTE: 'sequentially ordered entity' is ambiguous in that the comments suggest it can be abstract or concrete. It appears to be most similar to this type. See RO definition: 'Any entity that is ordered in discrete units along a linear axis.' But this has restriction: 'has subsequence' some 'sequence atomic unit' whuch is consistent,because a 'sequence atomic unit' can also be abstract. . . . Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'ordering' in WordNet, assuming that the WordNet synset refers to a linear ordering (as distinguished from the more general ordering of the WordNet hypernym 'Arrangement': in WordNet: 1. (4) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinearlyOrdered ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SequentiallyOrdered ; owl:onProperty :hasOrderingRelation ] . :LinearlyOrderedPair a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LinearlyOrderedPair' is a Tuple containing two elements. Note that either element may be null (or for numbers, have a zero value) The elements can be identified with the relations ''hasFirstElement'' and 'hasSecondElement''. The rangeof these relations will depend on the specific type of ''LinearlyOrderedPair'' being described. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, :Series . :LinearlyOrderedQuartet a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LinearlyOrderedQuartet' is an OderedGroup containing four ordered elements plus the ordering relation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "5"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :LinearlyOrderedTrio a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LinearlyOrderedTrio' is a Tuple containing three ordered elements plus the LinearOrderingRelation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quartet, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinearlyOrdered ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :Linen :wnsense "linen1n" ; :wordnet "linen" ; a :CanvasType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance derived from the stalk of the Flax Plant, in a process of soaking in water called 'Retting'. In Retting 'the flax fiber is loosened from the outside woody stalk. This is accomplished through several methods taking from a few days to several months, depending upon the quality of linen desired. Linen is composed of 70 to 85 percent cellulose, but the remainder is natural impurities.' (from Stan Caplan at: http://web.newsguy.com/natclo/9708.html#aa130). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'linen' in Wordnet: 1. (2) linen - (a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, :FibrousSubstance, :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cellulose ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlaxPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Lingerie :guid "bd5891f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "intimate apparel1n", "lingerie1n" ; :wordnet "intimate apparel", "lingerie" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Women's intimate apparel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lingerie' in Wordnet: 1. lingerie, intimate apparel - (women's underwear and nightclothes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :Underwear, :WomensClothing . :Lingering :en "lingering" ; :enadj "lingering" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Fading, :RemainingInaLocation, :StayingInaState ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lingering''is the attribute of Objects (including mental objects, like items on a ''ToDoList'' or substances) that are in the state of a ''LingeringAction'' - i.e. have not completely 'gone' in any sense - moved away physically, disappeared from memory, having been used up or been destroyed or otherwise rendered nonexistent in some place or context - although they may be fading away in quantity of intensity. No WN or RHW sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Remaining . :LingeringAction :wnsense "linger1v" ; :wordnet "linger" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LingeringAction'' is a ''StayingInaState'' and a RemainingInaLocation'' in which something that is not an animal (objects or substances such as fragrances or Feelings) continues being present or detectable. This is a Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'linger' in WordNet: 1. (3) linger - (remain present although waning or gradually dying; 'Her perfume lingered on') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :DidNotHappenEvent, :RemainingInaLocation, :StayingInaState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fading ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lingering ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Linguicism :en "linguicism" ; :enn "linguicism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Linguicism' is a form of ''Discrimination'' against people based on the language they speak. No WN or RHW sense. Wiktionary 'linguicism': May 28, 2019: linguicism (countable and uncountable, plural linguicisms) the unfair treatment of an individual or community based on their use of language; Synonyms . languagism; linguistic discrimination; See also . linguism; References . Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, \" Linguicism,\" Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, Wiley-Blackwell, 2015. ThoughtCo.com: Linguicism is discrimination based on language or dialect: linguistically argued racism. It's also known as linguistic discrimination. The term was coined in the 1980s by linguist Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, who defined linguicism as \" ideologies and structures that are used to legitimate, effectuate and reproduce an unequal division of power and resources between groups which are defined on the basis of language. \" NOTE that the ''isDirectedToward'' references ''HandicappedPerson''s generally; if this type of Discrimination is directed toward some specific disability then a different subtype needs to be created. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discrimination, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Language ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ] . :Linguist :guid "bd58abb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "linguist1n", "linguistic scientist1n" ; :wordnet "linguist", "linguistic scientist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person trained in the scientific study of human languages. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'linguist' in WordNet: 1. (16) linguist, linguistic scientist - (a specialist in linguistics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Linguistics ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NaturalLanguage ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Linguistic :pertainsTo :Language, :LinguisticAssertion, :TextualMaterial ; :wnsense "lingual1adj", "linguistic1adj", "linguistic2adj" ; :wordnet "lingual", "linguistic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Linguistic'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Language'' or something expressed in a ''language''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'linguistic' in Wordnet: 1. (4) linguistic, lingual - (consisting of or related to language; 'linguistic behavior'; 'a linguistic atlas'; 'lingual diversity') 2. (3) linguistic - (of or relating to the scientific study of language; 'linguistic theory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LinguisticAssertion :wnsense "assertion1n" ; :wordnet "assertion" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LinguisticAssertion is sentence or combination of sentences in some language which expresses in linguistic symbols the content of a logical Assertion (which is an abstract Proposition). The Assertion may be a complex combinations of simple (atomic) assertions. In COSMO every LinguisticAssertion is a topic of some 'Communication'. The reason for this is that the act of creating an assertion in linguistic format entails that the creator had some audience in mind - even if that audience was the creator him/herself. This may leave out mindless rambling speech, but that kind of speech can be represented by a more general linguistic entity, such as 'Statement'. NOTE that the restriction here requires that a LinguisticAssertion be mentioned in some communication (not necessarily part of a communication). It can be mentioned without being part of a Communication if it is referred to or summarized without being presented in full in that communication. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'assertion' for the more abstract, specifically logical meaning see 'Assertion' in WordNet: 1. (2) assertion, averment, asseveration - (a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, :Phrase, :Statement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Assertion :AbstractObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AssertingEvent :ExternalReferringThing ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isMentionedIn ] . :LinguisticBarrage :wnsense "barrage1n", "bombardment2n", "onslaught3n", "outpouring4n" ; :wordnet "barrage", "bombardment", "onslaught", "outpouring" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barrage' in WordNet: 1. (2) barrage, bombardment, outpouring, onslaught - (the rapid and continuous delivery of linguistic communication (spoken or written); 'a barrage of questions'; 'a bombardment of mail complaining about his mistake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LinguisticAssertion :Assertion ) ] ] . :LinguisticCommunication :en "communicating in language", "linguistic communication", "using a language" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Communication that involves the transfer of information via a LinguisticObject, or via a sign with linguistic interpretation, as with pointing or gesturing or sign language. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLanguage ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :LinguisticDescription :ldoce "description" ; :wnsense "description1n", "verbal description1n" ; :wordnet "description", "verbal description" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LinguisticDescription' is an 'AbstractText' that asserts at least some properties of some entity that is the Topic of the text. The 'text' may be expressed in logical symbols, therefore a logical 'definition' is included, as well as dictionary definitions. The range of things that can be described includes just about eerything, but an instantiation of this type should specify the Topic, i.e. what is the thing described. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'description' in WordNet: 1. (29) description, verbal description - (a statement that represents something in words) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :Description, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Descriptive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DescribingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :LinguisticDesignator a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LinguisticDesignator' is a Symbol used in some HumanLanguage, whether natural or artificial. This type includes spoken as well as written words or Terms. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Designator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :LinguisticExpression_SUMO a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: This is the subclass of ContentBearingObjects which are language-related. Note that this Class encompasses both Language and the the elements of Languages, e.g. Words. COSMO NOTE: This SUMO concept is a PhysicalObject. Most linguistic concepts in COSMO are abstract, though they will often have physical representations. Most reasoning about information objects in COSMO is done with the subtypes and instances of 'AbstractSymbolicObject'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingObject . :LinguisticManner :en "linguistic manner" ; :enn "linguistic manner" ; :takesValue :Emphatic ; :wnsense "expressive style1n", "style3n" ; :wordnet "expressive style", "style" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LinguisticManner'' is a 'Manner' that is in some way disinctive to certain characteristics of expressing thought in language, whether in writing (''MakingWrittenMaterial'') or in ''Speaking''. In Speaking this can include ways of pronouncing or emphasizing words, phrases or syllables. In writing the manner can include many different devices for expressing ideas that add or subtract from theliteral meaning of the words used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expressive style' in WordNet: 1. expressive style, style - (a way of expressing something (in language or art or music etc.) that is characteristic of a particular person or group of people or period; 'Fall the reporters were expected to adopt the style of the newspaper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MannerOfUsage . :LinguisticMorphology :wnsense "morphology2n" ; :wordnet "morphology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LinguisticMorphology'' is the branch of Linguistics that studies the rules by which words are composed from parts (substrings) and related to the spelling of each other by derivation from root words. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'morphology' in WordNet: 2. morphology - (studies of the rules for forming admissible words) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Linguistics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :LinguisticObject :en "LinguisticExpression", "linguistic object" ; :guid "bd58d0fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AspatialInformationStore. Each instance of #$LinguisticObject is an intangible object that is part of some language or other, in a broad sense of part whereby #$LinguisticObject's specializations include such diverse collections as #$Title, #$WordSense, #$SententialConstituent, and #$NonlexicalLinguisticObject. NOTE: this is *not* the 'object' of a sentence. NOTEP: in SUMO a LinguisticExpression is concrete, but in COSMO it is interpreted as Abstract. SUMO: (LinguisticExpression) This is the subclass of ContentBearingObjects which are language-related. Note that this Class encompasses both Language and the the elements of Languages, e.g. Words. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, :InformationStore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :LinguisticProcess :wnsense "language4n", "linguistic process2n" ; :wordnet "language", "linguistic process" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """faculty, mental faculty, module - language, speech - ability, power Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'linguistic process' in WordNet: 2. linguistic process, language - (the cognitive processes involved in producing and understanding linguistic communication; 'he didn't have the language to express his feelings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, :HigherCognitiveProcess . :Linguistics :hasComponentElement :GrammarOfNaturalLanguage ; :wnsense "linguistics1n", "linguistics2n" ; :wordnet "linguistics" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The science of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax (Grammar), semantics, pragmatics, and historical linguistics. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'linguistics' in Wordnet: 1. (2) linguistics - (the scientific study of language) 2. linguistics, philology - (the humanistic study of language and literature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NaturalLanguage ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrammarOfNaturalLanguage ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Lining :wnsense "lining1n" ; :wordnet "lining" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lining'' differs from most other coverings in that it protects he inside surface of a sheetlike object that may itself be a ''Covering-Object'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lining' in WordNet: 1. lining - (a protective covering that protects an inside surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSurroundedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :Link :wnsense "link2n", "linkup1n", "tie-in1n", "tie5n" ; :wordnet "link", "linkup", "tie", "tie-in" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Link'' is a PhysicalObject that connects two other objects in such a way that both ends of the ''Link'' are attached, each to a different Object, and the ''Link'' itself is distinguishable from the objects it is attached to. This distinguishes a ''Link'' from a ''Connection-Physical'' in that the ''Connection-Physical'' may form part of the objects it is connected to (as is a weld). NOTE that a 'chain' may be composed of many links, and in that case the 'ends' that are connected to other objects are not the internal 'ends' of the loop itself, which are connected to each other. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'link' in WordNet: 2. (5) link, linkup, tie, tie-in - (a fastener that serves to join or connect; 'the walls are held together with metal links placed in the wet mortar during construction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :Fastener, :Link-Generic, :SmallObject, :Wire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Link-Generic :en "generic link" ; :wnsense "connection6n", "connexion1n", "link4n" ; :wordnet "connection", "connexion", "link" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Link-Generic'' is an Object (physical or abstract) that connects one or more other ''Object''s (in a Graph those would be ''Node''s). This ''Link'' may connect two or more other objects - for restricting it to two objects, a subtype should be created.. \"graph\" Together with ''Node'' this expresses a very general notion of a system of nodes and links - abstract or physical. ToDo: This type may be related to the COSMO ''Relation''. Would that be useful?? in WordNet: WN noun 'link': 4. connection, connexion, link - (a connecting shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Configuration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Group :System :ObjectType :GroupType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :connects ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :GroupType ) ] ] . :Linoleum :hasShape :SheetLike ; :wnsense "linoleum1n" ; :wordnet "linoleum" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Linoleum'' is a ''CoveringMaterial'' is a sheet-like form . RHW: a hard, washable floor covering formed by coating burlap or canvas with linseed oil, powdered cork, and rosin, and adding pigments to create the desired colors and patterns. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'linoleum' in Wordnet: 1. (1) linoleum, lino - (a floor covering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoveringMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Floor ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :LinseedOil :wnsense "linseed oil1n" ; :wordnet "linseed oil" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'linseed oil' in WordNet: 1. linseed oil, flaxseed oil - (a drying oil extracted from flax seed and used in making such things as oil paints) WN sense 1 of 'drying oil': 1. drying oil - (an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DryingOil, :VegetableOil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlaxSeed ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Lint :consistsOfManyOf :Fiber ; :wnsense "lint1n" ; :wordnet "lint" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Substance formed from a peceptible mass of short Fibers, usually from some woven fabric.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lint' in WordNet: 1. (3) lint - (fine ravellings of cotton or linen fibers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalTangibleStuff . :Lion :guid "bd58c467-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lion" ; :wnsense "Panthera leo1n", "king of beasts1n", "lion1n" ; :wordnet "Panthera leo", "king of beasts", "lion" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of large carnivorous feline mammals found in Africa. Does not include mountain lions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lion' in WordNet: 1. (2) lion, king of beasts, Panthera leo - (large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BigCat . :Lip :isAnOrganicPartOf :Mouth ; :ldoce "lip" ; :wnsense "lip1n" ; :wordnet "lip" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Either of the two fleshy parts or folds forming the margins of the mouth that, in humans, function in speech. NOTE that this includes the lips of non-human animals. For the more specific human lips, use 'HumanLip'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lip' in WordNet: 1. (57) lip - (fleshy folds of tissue as those surrounding the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :LipGloss :en "lip gloss" ; :guid "bf9cb1b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lip-gloss1n" ; :wordnet "lip-gloss" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of Makeup that is a colorless gel that coats the lips and makes them shiny. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lip gloss' in WordNet: 1. lip-gloss - (makeup that makes the lips shiny) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Makeup . :Lipid :guid "c0c03429-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lipid1n", "lipide1n", "lipoid1n" ; :wordnet "lipid", "lipide", "lipoid" ; a :LipidType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all lipids - greasy, non-water-soluble organic compounds found in all living cells. Note the relation 'not miscible with' Water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lipid' in WordNet: 1. lipid, lipide, lipoid - (an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FattySubstance, :MolecularStuff . :LipidBilayer :guid "bebd6f51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a placeholder for more detailed types that will be needed for representation of cells. It is required to complete the minimum description of a Cell, the basic component of Organisms. This type represents the individual objects that function as LipidBilayers, it is not the substance of which such objects are composed. Cyc: The collection of all membranes consisting of a double layer of amphipathic lipid molecules in aqueous solution, oriented so that their hydrophobic ends are in contact. Such bilayers form more-or-less spontaneously when phospholipids are introduced into aqueous solution, since lipid molecules in water tend to aggregate in structures such that their hydrophobic ends are oriented to the interior of the bilayer and their hydrophilic ends are oriented to the exterior.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalAnatomicalPart, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lipid ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :LipidType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """LipidType is a metatype which is a specialization of 'ChemicalSubstanceType' that can serve to enable specifying certain properties of Lipids.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSubstanceType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isImmiscibleWith ] . :Lipreading :wnsense "lip-read1v", "lipread1v", "speech-read1v" ; :wordnet "lip-read", "lipread", "speech-read" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lipreading'' is an ''UnderstandingaPhrase'' by observing the lips of a Person speaking, using a learned ability to interpret lip movements as specific words or phrases. This is mostly performed by deaf people, Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lipread' in WordNet: 1. lipread, lip-read, speech-read - (interpret by lipreading; of deaf people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnderstandingaPhrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbilityToLipread ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbilityToLipread ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedByAgentWithAbility ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StaringAtLips ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Lipstick :guid "bd58a8a9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedInAction :ApplyingLipstick ; :wnsense "lipstick1n" ; :wordnet "lipstick" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A waxy, solid, usually colored cosmetic in stick form for the lips. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lipstick' in Wordnet: 1. (2) lipstick, lip rouge - (makeup that is used to color the lips) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Makeup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingLipstick ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Liqueur :wnsense "cordial1n", "liqueur1n" ; :wordnet "cordial", "liqueur" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Liqueur'' is fortified,i.e.it has an alcohol content greater than that of a typical wine, accomplished by adding in strong alcohol. NOTE: the amount of alcohol specified here is in a range. The '15-70% number for alcohol content is approximate, and varies with the liqueur. RHW: any of a class of alcoholic liquors, usually strong, sweet, and highly flavored, as Chartreuse or curacao, generally served after dinner; cordial. NOTE that dictionaries describe'liqueur' as 'sweet' but the subtype liqueur ''Absinthe'' is described as 'bitter'. The 'sweet' attribute is assigned as 'typically'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liqueur' in WordNet: 1. liqueur, cordial - (strong highly flavored sweet liquor usually drunk after a meal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alcohol15-70perCent ; owl:onProperty :hasFractionalComponent ] . :Liquid :isTheOppositeOf :Solid ; :ldoce "liquid" ; :wnsense "liquid1adj" ; :wordnet "liquid" ; a :FluidType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of objects that can flow freely, like water. This quality depends on temperature; almost all substances can be liquid at some temperature and pressure. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'liquid' in WordNet: 1. (25) liquid - (existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow; 'water and milk and blood are liquid substances') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LiquidAsset :guid "bd58afb3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cash in hand1n", "finances1n", "funds1n", "monetary resource1n", "pecuniary resource1n" ; :wordnet "cash in hand", "finances", "funds", "monetary resource", "pecuniary resource" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SomethingExisting. Each instance of #$LiquidAsset is either an instance of #$Currency or some asset that is readily convertible to currency by selling or borrowing against it. Examples of #$LiquidAssets include stocks, bonds, and money market accounts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monetary resource' in WordNet: 1. funds, finances, monetary resource, cash in hand, pecuniary resource - (assets in the form of money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asset . :LiquidBarrier a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarrierObject, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidMotion :EventType ) ] ] . :LiquidContainer :wnsense "vessel3n" ; :wordnet "vessel" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container for liquids. For gases, use the parent ''FluidContainer''. (? is a 'syringe a TopAndBottomSidedObject? - perhaps) Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'vessel' (for liquids) in WordNet: 3. vessel - (an object used as a container (especially for liquids)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidContainer, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObjectType :LiquidSubstanceType ) ] ] . :LiquidFuelSubstanceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LiquidFuelSubstanceType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of a 'Liquid' Fuel and other entities..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FuelSubstanceType, :LiquidSubstanceType . :LiquidMixture a :LiquidSubstanceType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Mixture that satisfies two conditions, viz. it is made up predominantly of at least two things are Substances and any component other than Liquid in the Mixture is either dissolved, as in a solution, or in the form of fine particles The general category includes suspensions as well as solutions, and the suspended particles would in the general case be considered part (a component) of the LiquidMixture. But specialized categories could be defined to exclude any solids that are suspended in the Liquid. A LiquidMixture can have a significant component of particulates, such as BodyFluids, which includes Vomit.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :Mixture . :LiquidMotion :en "liquid motion" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any Motion where the patient is a Liquid. This class would cover, in particular, the flow of Water..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidFlowEvent, :Motion . :LiquidObject :ldoce "liquid" ; :wnsense "liquid3n" ; :wordnet "liquid" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Object that is liquid at the time it is referred to. Liquids may have suspended solids, but will pour freely and assume a thin layer on a flat surface under gravity, or will form a sphere in zero G. In Cyc referred to a 'FluidTangibleThing'. For substances that are liquid at normal temperature and pressure, use 'LiquidSubstance' A GranularObject may also 'pour' freely, but will form a pile rather than spread out thinly. NOTE: the 'identity conditions' of LiquidObjects were discussed in the classic paper by Patrick Hayes 'Naive Physics I. Ontology for Liquids (1985). Corresponds most closely to noun senses 3 of 'liquid' in WordNet: 3. (4) liquid - (a substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidObject, :LiquidThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liquid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LiquidObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LiquidObjectType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ''LiquidObject''s and an argument restriction for various relations on ''LiquidObject'' types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidObjectType . :LiquidOralMedicine :en "liquid oral medicine" ; :guid "c0fd6a1b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DosageFormType, :PharmacyProductType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Medicine which is liquid and intended to be swallowed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :OralDrugSubstance . :LiquidSolution :en "liquid solution" ; :enn "liquid solution" ; :guid "bd97b2fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Solution'' that is a liquid. This is currently the same as a ''Solution'', added here to be more specific and to allow the parent ''Solution'' to be repurposed more broadly to include solid solutions, when needed. CYC: The collection of all #$Solutions that are instances of #$LiquidTangibleThing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solution . :LiquidStorageTank :en "liquid storage tank" ; :guid "bdeec115-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$LiquidStorageTank is the class of usually refillable containers whose main purpose is to contain liquids. Example specializations include #$FuelTank and #$Aquarium-Container.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidContainer, :StorageTank, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ] . :LiquidSubstance :ldoce "liquid" ; :wnsense "liquid state1n", "liquid1n", "liquid2n", "liquidness1n" ; :wordnet "liquid", "liquid state", "liquidness" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subclass of LiquidSubstance labels a PhysicalSubstance which is liquid at normal temperatures and pressures. This category has been set as identical to the Cyc 'Liquid-StateOfMatter', though the original Cyc category is a physical object. This redefinition was done as part of the disentanglement of Cyc substances and objects. The Cyc category definition does not apply to this Type,and is closer to the COSMO 'LiquidObject'. The Cyc category was reinterpreted as a substance because it was used in Cyc predominantly as a parent class for what in COSMO are considered as substances. Water, gasoline, and vodka are examples. Although most substances are classified mainly by their composition, and may be solids or liquids (and sometimes gases) depending on temperature, there are some categories of substances that are conceptually in one state; ice is an example - it must be solid. A 'BathOil' must be a liquid. A LiquidSubstance is a PhysicalSubstance that must be liquid, at normal temperature and pressure. t other temperatures or pressures when it is solid or gaseous,those attributes can be used to characterize it under those conditions. NOTE: the WN entry for'state of matter' and its subtypes have been merged with the ''PhysicalSubstance'' hierarchy in COSMO. This type includes the 'liquid state' synset in Wordnet. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'liquid' in WordNet: 1. (67) liquid - (a substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure) 2. (21) liquid, liquidness, liquidity, liquid state - (the state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidSubstance, :LiquidThing . :LiquidSubstanceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LiquidSubstanceType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Liquid' and other entities..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidType, :SubstanceType . :LiquidSuspension :en "liquid suspension" ; :wnsense "suspension1n" ; :wordnet "suspension" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In SUMO called 'Suspension'. SUMO: A LiquidMixture where at least one of the components of the Mixture is equally distributed throughout the Mixture but is not dissolved in it. NOTE: this is actually broader than the SUMO definition, in that it includes as ''particles' in the suspension any molecule (such as a protein or DNA molecule) that is large enough to be separated from the solvent by a strong centrifugal force field. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidMixture, :Suspension . :LiquidThing :en "liquid thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LiquidThing'' can be a ''LiquidObject'' or a ''LiquidSubstance''. This type allows the creation of relations that could reference either ''Liquid'' type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liquid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Liquor :guid "bf493535-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "booze1n", "hard drink1n", "hard liquor1n", "liquor1n", "spirits1n" ; :wordnet "booze", "hard drink", "hard liquor", "liquor", "spirits" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Liquor'' is an ''AlcoholicBeverage'' that is a ''Distillate'', with a higher concentration of ethanol than in Wine. Minimum for distillates? 30%? CYC: ('Liquor-Drink') This is the collection of all instances of liquor. Alcoholic beverages are usually divided into beer, wine, and liquor. Liquors are made by a distilling process, although ingredients are generally added after distillation. #$Liquor-Drink does not include fortified wines, but does include liqueurs. With the possible exception of a few fortified wines and liqueurs, instances of #$Liquor-Drink have a higher ethyl alcohol content than wines or beers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liquor' in WordNet: 1. (11) liquor, spirits, booze, hard drink, hard liquor, John Barleycorn, strong drink - (an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlcoholicBeverage, :Distillate . :LiquorShot :ldoce "shot" ; :wnsense "shot12n" ; :wordnet "shot" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A UnitOfMeasure used in preparing AlcoholicBeverages. Usually one or two fluid ounces. Corresponds to noun sense 12 of 'shot' in WordNet: 12. (15) nip, shot - (a small drink of liquor; 'he poured a shot of whiskey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :List :FIBO "list" ; :ldoce "list" ; :wnsense "list1n", "listing1n" ; :wordnet "list", "listing" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A List is a 'LinearlyOrderedGroup' that is a MentalObject, i.e. an Object without mass created by an IntelligentAgent, with the distinctive character that it is a linearly ordered arrangement of AbstractSymbolicObjects. A List may be empty, and has its own properties in addition to the properties of the constituent elements, therefore it is not a Group. Note that AbstractStrings are subtype of List. A List is ordered, and it can have the same entity in different positions in the list. It is not a type of Set. The elements of a ''List'' are specified by types or individuals, but are understood to be references to those entities.For example, a ''ListOfPeople'' may contain the names of individual people as elements, or may contain the labels for types of people. There is not restriction on what can be an element in a ''List''. The interpretation of the meanings of the elements will depend on the creator of the List to specify for other users of the List.. A List, as in OWL lists, has a 'first' and 'rest' component. The 'rest' can be another list, or null. Therefore a list may have one element (or none) Cyc comment: A specialization of #$Tuple. Each instance of #$List is a finite sequence of things with a first and last member-position, with each member-position other than the last having a successor member-position. As with tuples generally, lists allow for repetition of their members, so that the same item can appear at multiple member-positions in the same list. A list can be represented formally as a function from a finite index set of counting numbers, beginning with one, into the domain of all #$Things (but note that #$Lists are _not_ explicitly represented as functions in the Cyc ontology). Unlike an instance of #$Series (q.v.), a list is purely abstract (i.e. both aspatial and atemporal), and the only implied relation between an item and its successor in a list is the successor relation of the list itself. Technically, #$List is more specific than #$Tuple only in that the index set (see #$tupleIndexSet) for a given list must be the counting numbers in their usual order (or some initial segment thereof), whereas the index set for a tuple, generally speaking, might be any set whatsoever. FIBO 'list' has no clarifying definitions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'list' in WordNet: 1. (64) list, listing - (a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :Tuple . :ListOfAlternatives a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ListOfAlternatives' is a List with relatively few entries, providing a set of alternatives ('AlternativeThing's, often but not necessarily exclusive) among which a Person (or other IntelligentAgent) must choose. Examples will be drop-down lists on computer screens, lists of items on a menu, lists of formats for various things (fonts, book formats), and an unlimited number of other possible things that people might want to choose from. The type of 'Choosing' for which a list is used can be specified by the 'isUsedInAction', but does not have to be. Ther is no generic'menu' - this type could qualify, but the more specific types of 'menu' are represented as subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, :UsefulThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AlternativeThing ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Choosing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ListOfPeople :en "list of people" ; :wnsense "roll2n", "roster1n" ; :wordnet "roll", "roster" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ListOfPeople'' is a List, each element of which represents a PersonName (possibly with information related to that Person,such as a title or a task that Person performs). This list can also use elements specified as a ''Person'' or ''PersonType'' with the understanding that the list element is only a representation of that ''Person'' or ''PersonType''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roster' in WordNet: 1. (2) roll, roster - (a list of names; 'his name was struck off the rolls') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonName :Person :PersonType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :ListPair a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A 'ListPair' is a List with exactly two elements." ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CARD_2 ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinality ] . :ListString a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ListString is an AbstractString that represents a list of entities. The entities listed are not necessarily all instances of the same type. This type is restricted to strings which have a single delimiter separating the individual items in the represented list - for example, a space, a comma, a semicolon, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormattedString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :List ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Listener :wnsense "listener1n" ; :wordnet "listener" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Listener'' is an ''IntelligentAgent'' who 'listens' intentionally (acccesses a communication through the hearing) to some sound, voice, music, or other. Listening does no necessarily access information from another agent,it can be listening to animals or just to the rustle of leaves in the wind. A ''Listener'' may be performing the role of a member of an ''Audience'' at some gathering (lecture, concert) or other disseminated verbal communication (radio, TV broadcast). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'listener' in WordNet: 1. (9) hearer, listener, auditor, attender - (someone who listens attentively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Listening ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Listening :en "ListeningDeliberately", "paying attention" ; :guid "bd58c048-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "listen" ; :wnsense "hearing4n", "listen1v", "listening1n" ; :wordnet "hearing", "listen", "listening" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which an #$Agent deliberately facilitates and does #$Hearing. CYC: 'ListeningDeliberately'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'listen' in WordNet: 1. (60) listen - (hear with intention; 'Listen to the sound of this cello') WN noun 'listening': 1. listening, hearing - (the act of hearing attentively; 'you can learn a lot by just listening'; 'they make good music - you should give them a hearing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AccessingAnIBT, :Hearing, :Observing . :ListeningOnATelephone :guid "c04cad86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which a human agent listens to information that has been electronically transmitted over a phone line and which is issuing from a phone receiver in an audible form. Usually it is coming from another human agent who is performing an instance of #$SpeakingOnATelephone.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Listening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Telephone ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :ListeningToMusic :en "listening to music" ; :guid "bd58d4ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Generally listening to music for entertainment or for extracting some sort of information from the music. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Listening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ] . :ListeningToVoiceMail :en "listening to voice mail" ; :enn "listening to voice mail" ; :guid "bd58a3e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which an agent (a person) listens to his/her voice mail.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ListeningOnATelephone . :Listing :eng "listing" ; :ldoce "list" ; :wnsense "list1v" ; :wordnet "list" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In each instance of an Action of 'Listing', some agent creates a List - an abstract Object. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'list' in WordNet: 1. (24) list, name - (give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of; 'List the states west of the Mississippi') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :List ] . :Listless :isTheOppositeOf :Lively ; :wnsense "listless1adj" ; :wordnet "listless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Listless'' is an Attribute of Animals (usually people) that have and display little 'energy' or enthusiasm or inteest in things that are happening. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'listless' in Wordnet: 1. (1) listless - (lacking zest or vivacity; 'he was listless and bored') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bored, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Listlessness :guid "bd5893b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "listlessness1n", "listlessness2n" ; :wordnet "listlessness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute-type associated with the feeling of listlessness: the felt experience of having little or no interest in or concern for what is going on around one. Note that a mere lack of interest in-itself is not a _feeling_, and thus is not sufficient for possessing an instance of #$Listlessness; one's lack of interest must be consciously experienced as such. (For the rationale behind treating feelings in terms of types - i.e. collections - of attributes, see the comment on #$Happiness.) Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'listlessness' in Wordnet: 1. languor, lassitude, listlessness - (a feeling of lack of interest or energy) 2. listlessness, torpidity, torpidness, torpor - (inactivity resulting from lethargy and lack of vigor or energy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Lit :wnsense "lighted1adj", "lit2adj" ; :wordnet "lighted", "lit" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of combustible objects,that have been set to bur in some manner - usually for artifacts that function by having fire applied, as torches, cigarettes, candles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lit' in WordNet: 1. (6) lighted, lit - (set afire or burning; 'the lighted candles'; 'a lighted cigarette'; 'a lit firecracker') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Liter :ldoce "liter" ; :wnsense "liter1n", "litre1n" ; :wordnet "liter", "litre" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Unit of volume in the metric system; in international use it is usually spelled 'litre' except in the United States. It is currently defined to be equal to one cubic decimeter (0.001 cubic meter). Symbol: L or l. NOTE: From 1901 to 1964 the litre was defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water at 4 deg C and 760 millimetres of mercury pressure. During this time, a litre was about 1.000028 dm3. In 1964 this definition was abandoned in favour of the current one. In Wordnet, the definition is for the older definition: in WordNet: 1. (22) liter, litre, l, cubic decimeter, cubic decimetre - (a metric unit of capacity equal to the volume of 1 kilogram of pure water at 4 degrees centigrade and 760 mm of mercury (or approximately 1.76 pints)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :LiterToMilliliters :hasQuantifier :N_1000 ; :hasUnit :milliliters ; a :UnitRatio . :Literacy :wnsense "literacy1n" ; :wordnet "literacy" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Literacy'' is a 'Skill' that is the ability to read and write some human language.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'literacy' in WordNet: 1. literacy - (the ability to read and write) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reading ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Writing ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :Literal :hasAdverbialForm :literally ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :AbstractText, :LinguisticManner, :Phrase, :Speaking ; :isTheOppositeOf :Figurative ; :wnsense "literal3adj" ; :wordnet "literal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Conforming to the standard dictionary meanings of a particular text, exaggeration or without implication or rhetorical suggestion. Contrasts with 'metaphorical' or 'suggested' or 'implied'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'literal' in WordNet: 3. literal - (limited to the explicit meaning of a word or text; 'a literal translation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conforming . :Literary :pertainsTo :LiteraryWork, :Literature ; :wnsense "literary1adj" ; :wordnet "literary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Literary'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Literature'' or ''LiteraryWork''s or the production of such works. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'literary' in WordNet: 1. (27) literary - (of or relating to or characteristic of literature; 'literary criticism') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LiteraryForm :en "literary form" ; :wnsense "form11n" ; :wordnet "form" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LiteraryForm'' is a specific form of ''WritingStyle'', specifying the general arrangement of the elements in the composition. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'form' in WordNet: 11. (1) form - (an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse; 'the essay was in the form of a dialogue'; 'he first sketches the plot in outline form') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Specification, :WritingStyle . :LiteraryStudy :wnsense "literary study1n" ; :wordnet "literary study" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'literary study' in WordNet: 1. (1) literary study - (the humanistic study of literature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Literature ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :LiteraryWork :guid "beb1933f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "literary work1n" ; :wordnet "literary work" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc termed 'LiteraryWork-CW' Cyc: The collection of all works of literature, broadly construed. Including articles, essays, as well as novels and poems. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'literary work' in WordNet: 1. (2) literary composition, literary work - (imaginative or creative writing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualPCW . :Literate :wnsense "literate1adj" ; :wordnet "literate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Literate' person is one who can read and write at least at the level of an average high-school freshman. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'literate' in WordNet: 1. (1) literate - (able to read and write) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Literature :ldoce "literature" ; :wnsense "literature1n", "literature3n" ; :wordnet "literature" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some collection of LiteraryWorks, This may be LiteraryWorks, generally - meaning all LiteraryWorks, or LiteraryWorks having some particular attribute, such as 'German Literature'. This includes to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'literature' in WordNet: 1. (60) literature - (creative writing of recognized artistic value) 3. (5) literature - (published writings in a particular style on a particular subject; 'the technical literature'; 'one aspect of Waterloo has not yet been treated in the literature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :LiteraryWork ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Literary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Lithium :guid "bd590152-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Li1n", "lithium1n" ; :wordnet "Li", "lithium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lithium' in WordNet: 1. lithium, Li, atomic number 3 - (a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlkaliMetal, :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Lithuania :wnsense "Lithuania1n" ; :wordnet "Lithuania" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lithuania' in Wordnet: 1. Lithuania, Republic of Lithuania, Lietuva - (a republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea) """ . :Litigant :wnsense "litigant1n", "litigator1n" ; :wordnet "litigant", "litigator" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Litigant'' is a priciple ''PartyInaCourtCase'' either the complainant or defendant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'litigant' in WordNet: 1. (1) litigant, litigator - ((law) a party to a lawsuit; someone involved in litigation; 'plaintiffs and defendants are both litigants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartyInaCourtCase . :Litmus :wnsense "litmus test1n", "litmus1n" ; :wordnet "litmus", "litmus test" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'litmus' in WordNet: 1. litmus, litmus test - (a coloring material (obtained from lichens) that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions; used as a very rough acid-base indicator) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndicatorSubstance . :LitmusSolution0001 a :FluidType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A substance for testing 'ColorChange'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution . :LitmusSolution0002 :hasSolute :Litmus ; a :AqueousSolution ; rdfs:comment """An instance of Litmus solution. Here just as a test of consistency. """ . :Litter :wnsense "litter1n" ; :wordnet "litter" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Litter'' is a ''GroupOfBeasts'' all born in a single ''BirthEvent''. This does not apply to humans. NOTE: defnitions seem to restrict this to 'multiparous' animals - but nost mammals have the capability to produce more than one. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'litter' in WordNet: 1. (4) litter - (the offspring at one birth of a multiparous mammal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfBeasts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :BirthEvent ] . :Litter-Stretcher :guid "c0fd4ba1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "litter3n", "stretcher3n" ; :wordnet "litter", "stretcher" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Litter-Stretcher'' is a device which is used to carry medical patients, usually to a location where a medical procedure will be performed on them. This type distinguishes between 'litter' and 'stretcher' as being pieces of fabric between two poles long enough and rugged enough to carry an adult Person, designed to be carried by two people using the hands, one Person on either end. WN synsets 'litter' and 'stretcher', not having wheels, are parents in WN of 'gurney' which has wheels,and cannot be used as ontological parents. So ''Gurney'' is in a separate line of ''LandTransportationDevice'', though it is also sometimes referred to as a 'stretcher'. especially when referring to the hybrid device used in ambulances with a foldable wheeled component designed to carry a ''Litter-Stretcher'' and,when unfolded has the essential characteristic of a ''Gurney'', so that is classified as a ''Gurney''. Includes noun sense 3 of 'stretcher' and part of sense 3 of 'litter' (not a chair) in WordNet: 3. stretcher - (a litter for transporting people who are ill or wounded or dead; usually consists of a sheet of canvas stretched between two poles) WN noun 'litter': 3. litter - (conveyance consisting of a chair or bed carried on two poles by bearers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanPoweredDevice, :LandTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoPoles ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OnePieceOfFabric ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] ; owl:disjointWith :TransportationDevice-Vehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice . :LitterBox :en "litter box" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LitterBox'' is an open-top shallow box-like container filled with ''KittyLitter'' into which domestic pets are intended to urinate or defecate. It is cleaned periodically by removing and replacing the soiled portion of the litter. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpenTopContainer, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Defecating ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urinating ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KittyLitter ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepipedLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticPet ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "20"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters ] . :Littered :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Littering ; :wnsense "cluttered1adj", "littered1adj" ; :wordnet "cluttered", "littered" ; a :AppearanceType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Littered'' is an AttributeValue of things (objects, locations, documents) that are ''Untidy'' (messy) because they have been littered (experienced ''Littering''). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'littered' in WordNet: 1. (1) cluttered, littered - (filled or scattered with a disorderly accumulation of objects or rubbish; 'the storm left the drivewaylittered with sticks nd debris'; 'his library was a cluttered room with piles of books on every chair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Untidy . :Littering :eng "littering" ; :wnsense "litter1v", "litter2v", "strew1v" ; :wordnet "litter", "strew" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Littering'' is a ''MessingSomethingUp'' in which some agent leaves multiple objects in some location in such a way as to make that location ''Litered'' (subtype of ''Untidy''). This can apply to indoor or outdoor locations. The Object or Location affected goes from being ''Tidy'' (neat) to ''Littered'' (''Untidy'', messy). This has a bit of both verb senses 1 and 2 of 'litter' in WordNet; not all 'strewing action are also 'littering', but some are: in WordNet: 1. (1) litter - (strew; 'Cigar butts littered the ground') 2. (1) litter - (make a place messy by strewing garbage around) WN verb 'strew' 1. (4) strew, straw - (spread by scattering ('straw' is archaic); 'strew toys all over the carpet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MessingSomethingUp, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Littered ; owl:onProperty :mayCauseObjectToBecome ] . :Little :ldoce "little" ; :wnsense "little2adj" ; :wordnet "little" ; a :VerbalQuantifier, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'Little' is a verbal quantifier that expresses the notion that the quantity of some uncountable material is less than 'Alot'. For the sense of 'little' meaning 'of small size' use the attribute 'Small'. For a small quantity of countable things, use 'Few' or 'Several'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 'little' in WordNet: 2. (71) little - ((quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with 'a') at least some; 'little rain fell in May'; 'gave it little thought'; 'little hope remained'; 'little time is left'; 'we still have little money'; 'a little hope remained') """ . :Liturgy :wnsense "liturgy2n" ; :wordnet "liturgy" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Liturgy'' for some occasion is a ''PublicAssembly'' that can include one or a Group of ''Rite''s, including prescribed texts to be recited. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'liturgy' in WordNet: 2. liturgy - (a rite or body of rites prescribed for public worship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicAssembly, :Rite . :LiveBirthEvent :en "giving birth" ; :ldoce "birth" ; :wnsense "bear2v", "birth1v", "birth3n", "birthing1n", "deliver12v", "give birth1v", "giving birth1n", "have18v", "parturition1n" ; :wordnet "bear", "birth", "birthing", "deliver", "give birth", "giving birth", "have", "parturition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LiveBirthEvent'' is the action of a 'mother' animal that delivers a living baby from a womb to the outside. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'birth' and verb sense 2 of 'bear' in WordNet: 3. (1) parturition, birth, giving birth, birthing - (the process of giving birth) WN verb 'bear': 2. (17) give birth, deliver, bear, birth, have - (cause to be born; 'My wife had twins yesterday!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirthEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :FemaleAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pregnancy ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFinishes ] . :Livelihood :wnsense "bread and butter1n", "keep1n", "livelihood1n", "living4n", "support6n", "sustenance2n" ; :wordnet "bread and butter", "keep", "livelihood", "living", "support", "sustenance" ; a :ResourceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person's ''Livelihood'' is the FinancialMeans sufficient to buy the 'necessities of life', consisting of at least one source of Income. One subype is a ''LivingWage''. Another would be a quantity of ''Savings'' sufficient to allow a person to draw the equivalent of a ''LivingWage'' for the remainder of a ''Lifetime'' - this includes Social Security payments, alimony, and any pension income. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'livelihood' in WordNet: 1. (1) support, keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance - (the financial means whereby one lives; 'each child was expected to pay for their keep'; 'he applied to the state for support'; 'he could no longer earn his own livelihood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialMeans, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyObject ] . :Liveliness :wnsense "animation6n", "liveliness1n" ; :wordnet "animation", "liveliness" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a ''Liveliness'' is a ''HavingAnAttribute'' (a ''Quality'') where the attribute is ''Lively''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liveliness' in WordNet: 1. (1) liveliness, animation - (general activity and motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lively ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Lively :isTheOppositeOf :Listless ; :wnsense "alive3adj", "animated1adj" ; :wordnet "alive", "animated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lively'' is the attribute of someone or some group of people who is/are visibly moving and talking and interacting and doing things with interest and/r enthusiasm, and not slowly or quietly, as would be the alternative. This can also characterize Actions that are performed with quick movements, such as lively dancing. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lively' in Wordnet: 1. (7) lively - (full of life and energy; 'a lively discussion'; 'lively and attractive parents'; 'a lively party') WN adj 'animated': 1. (2) animated, alive - (having life or vigor or spirit; 'an animated and expressive face'; 'animated conversation'; 'became very animated when he heard the good news') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energetic . :Liver :guid "bd58a6a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "liver1n" ; :wordnet "liver" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InternalOrgan and instance of #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType: the collection of all living #$Animal livers. Each instance of #$Liver is a large compound #$InternalOrgan. A #$Liver breaks down dead #$RedBloodCells, removes certain poisons and waste material from the blood stream, creates glycogen from sugars and proteins, stores glycogen, removes certain chemicals from the blood, secretes bile (#$BileTheSecretion) which is used for digestion,and regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, #$ProteinStuff, #$Vitamins, #$Minerals, and fats. SUMO: An Organ that secretes bile and serves metabolic functions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liver' in Wordnet: 1. (11) liver - (large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan . :Liverwort :wnsense "hepatic1n", "liverwort1n" ; :wordnet "hepatic", "liverwort" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'liverwort' in WordNet: 1. liverwort, hepatic - (any of numerous small green nonvascular plants of the class Hepaticopsida growing in wet places and resembling green seaweeds or leafy mosses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bryophyte . :Livestock :wnsense "livestock1n" ; :wordnet "livestock" ; a :BeastType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: the term 'livestock' is used collectively, but the WN synset includes the singular 'farm animal'. That term is broken out and represented as ''FarmAnimal''. This type is a Group of ''FarmAnimal''s (which could have only one member), but is usually used for more than one. Here it is considered as a PhysicalObject, which consists of one or more animals.. RHW: 'the horses, cattle, sheep, and other useful animals kept or raised on a farm or ranch.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'livestock' in Wordnet: 1. (8) livestock, stock, farm animal - (not used technically; any animals kept for use or profit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfAnimals . :Living :en "being alive" ; :ldoce "life", "live" ; :wnsense "life2n", "life3n", "live2v", "live3v", "live5v", "living1n" ; :wordnet "life", "live", "living" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The very general Experience of some LifeForm 'being alive' for some interval of time, usually used to refer to existing for more than a day, which will allow the inclusion of a variety of component Experiences. This includes the notion of being alive in some specific manner or living (lodging, residing) in some particular location. The subtypes make distinctions. As in 'Life in New York was exciting' or 'Living in New York was exciting' 'I was happy to give up my nervous life as an undercover agent'. NOTE that 'Living' (for some time interval) can be considerd both as one composite Experience and as a Group of Experiences. Thus in addition to Living being an instance of ActionType, it is an instance of GroupType. For living through a full lifetime, use 'Lifetime'. NOTE that the restriction requires that something specific be said about each instance of 'Living', e.g. that a person lived in a particular place or had some specific experience. NOTE that this state can be experienced by fictional characters, and it is therefore not necessarily a subtype of 'RealExistence'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'living' and senses 2 and 3 of 'life' , and (parts of ) senses 1, 2, 3, and 5 of 'live' in WordNet (the sense of 'survive' for non-animal entities is not included, as in one example in sense 3 of 'live' meaning 'to survive, endure' (see the parent type 'SurvivingAnEvent' for generic survival): in WordNet: 2. (364) life - (the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living; 'he hoped for a new life in Australia'; 'he wanted to live his own life without interference from others') 3. (313) life, living - (the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities; 'he could no longer cope with the complexities of life') WN verb 'live': 2. (51) live - (lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style; 'we had to live frugally after the war') 3. (30) survive, last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up, hold out - (continue to live; endure or last; 'We went without water and food for 3 days'; 'These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America'; 'The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents'; 'how long can a person last without food and water?') 5. (15) be, live - (have life, be alive; 'Our great leader is no more'; 'My grandfather lived until the end of war') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Experience, :PersistingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Experience ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LifeForm ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LivingProcess ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ] . :LivingAlone :en "live alone", "living alone" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LivingAlone'' is a ''Residing'' performed by only one Person in some ''Lodging''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :LivingAnimal :en "living animal" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LivingAnimal'' is an Animal that is still 'alive'.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :LivingOrganism . :LivingBiologicalAgent :guid "c01280e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganismType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$BiologicalAgent and #$Microorganism. Each instance of #$LivingBiologicalAgent is a living micro-organism that is also a biological agent. COSMO note: this category is interpreted as meaning that the organism is 'living' in some world, which may not be our real world, but a fictional or hypothetical world. This distinction is used in defining the subtype of 'LivingPerson'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LivingOrganism, :PathogenicMicroorganism . :LivingInTrees :en "living in a tree", "living in trees" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LivingInTrees'' is a subtype of ''DwellingSomewhere'' that is the distinguishing characteristic ''AnimalActivity'' that characterizes an animal as ''Arboreal''. 'Living' in a tree does not necessarily mean that the animal nests or spends all its time in a tree, but does spend significant time in Trees and performs salient characteristic actions there. Perhaps this could be labeled 'HangingOutInTrees'?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :DwellingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArborealAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :LivingIncome :en "living income" ; :enn "living income" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LivingIncome'' is an 'Income' (from all sources) sufficient to support a Person or family in at least a modestly comfortable life style. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Income, :Livelihood . :LivingOrganism a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """LivingOrganism is that class of Organism that are alive (at the time of reference for each assertion), in our real world. This is a Type provided for convenience when one wants to reason only about living people, and would prefer not to individually specify the world and vitality attribute for each individual.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alive ; owl:onProperty :hasVitalityAttribute ] . :LivingPerson a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """LivingPerson is that class of persons who are alive (at the time of reference for each assertion), in any world - our real world, or some fictional or hypothetical world. This is a Type provided for convenience when one wants to reason only about living people, and would prefer not to individually specify the vitality attribute for each individual. If a fictional character is alive thoughout the period recounted in a fiction, that character (including animals) will have the VitalityAttribute 'AliveInaFiction', in preference to being characterized as a LivingPerson, because the 'period of time' is specified by the fictional context, which may not be identifiable with any real-time period. 'LivingPerson' means born and not dead at the time of reference, so this category excludes fetuses and dead people, but still permits fictional 'LivingPersons', or hypothetical ones.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LivingAnimal, :Person . :LivingProcess a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Living is the process (not Event) of being alive, specific for organisms. To be 'Living' does not necessarily mean that an Organism is actively metabolizing; like a seed or spore, it may be dormant. However, viruses, which cannot metabolize outside of the cell of another organism, are not able to be 'Living'. In COSMO a synonym for 'Living' is 'BiologicalSurvival'. For 'surviving' meaning to persist through some potentially threatening Event use 'SurvivingAnEvent'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalProcess . :LivingRoom :guid "bd589e35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "living room1n", "parlor2n", "sitting room1n" ; :wordnet "living room", "parlor", "sitting room" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For rooms specifically dedicated to lving room funtions; not applcable to combinations with kitchen or bedroom as in one-room apartments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'living room' in WordNet: 1. (12) living room, living-room, sitting room, front room, parlor, parlour - (a room in a private house or establishment where people can sit and talk and relax) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room ; owl:disjointWith :Bedroom, :Kitchen . :LivingThings :ldoce "life" ; :wnsense "life11n" ; :wordnet "life" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'LivingThings' is an ObjectGroup each of whose elements is some LifeForm, such as organisms. This sense is the sense intended when one discusses whether there is 'Life' on Mars. There may be LivingThings ('life') in any given region of space that is under discussion. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'life' in WordNet: 11. (31) life - (living things collectively; 'the oceans are teeming with life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :LifeForm ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :LivingWage :isaPartOf :Income ; :wnsense "living wage1n" ; :wordnet "living wage" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'LivingWage' is a 'Wage' and any other source of money, including government assistance and any income derivable from savings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'living wage' in WordNet: 1. living wage - (a wage sufficient for a worker and family to subsist comfortably) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Livelihood, :Wage . :Lizard :guid "bd58f0af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lizard1n" ; :wordnet "lizard" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all lizards; a subset of #$Reptile. Each element of #$Lizard is a toothed reptile with a tail and (with some exceptions) limbs, external ears, eyes with movable lids, and without enclosing shells. Reptiles range in size from less than an inch long to that of the large #$KomodoDragon. The collection #$Lizard constitutes a biological suborder (also called Sauria or Lacertilia). Colloquially, 'lizard' may denote a crocodile, but compare #$Crocodilian. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lizard' in WordNet: 1. (1) lizard - (relatively long-bodied reptile with usually two pairs of legs and a tapering tail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quadruped, :Reptile . :Lladro :manufactures :Lladro-Figurine ; a :CommercialOrganization ; rdfs:comment """The Spanish manufacturer of Porcelains. From the Lladro web site: http://www.lladro.com/ In 1953 Juan, Jose and Vicente Lladro make their first creations inspired by an experimental vocation in a Moorish furnace built in their own home in Almassera (Valencia). In this way, they develop their artistic interest as they work in a tile and crockery factory. These carefully designed pieces already have a special charm that awakens public interest. By 1955 they begin making sculptures in which a clear influence of the trends of the XVIII century can be observed. These pieces evoke the works of former porcelain artists such as Meissen, Sevres and Capodimonte. In 1958 Juan, Jos and Vicente decide to dedicate themselves exclusively to their own works and transfer their small company to a warehouse in the neighboring town of Tavernes Blanques, because the family workshop has become too small for their business. Demand for Lladro creations grows unexpectedly. The brothers introduce innovations not only in the design and style of the figurines but also in the firing techniques, reducing the three-layer firing to a one-layer process. One-firing is an innovative method which creates the crystalline finish and the pastel tonalities typical of Lladro works. """ . :Lladro-Figurine :en "Lladro", "Lladro figurine" ; :enn "Lladro figurine" ; :guid "c0048e2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of porcelain #$Figurines that are made by #$Lladro-CommercialOrganization. They are known for their high quality. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Figurine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lladro ; owl:onProperty :wasManufacturedBy ] . :Llama :guid "bd58c219-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "llama1n" ; :wordnet "llama" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A llama, a species related to the camel, but living naturally in the Andes, and domesticated in many places. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'llama' in WordNet: 1. llama - (wild or domesticated South American cud-chewing animal related to camels but smaller and lacking a hump) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ruminant . :LlamaWool :en "llama wool" ; :guid "bfe001c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Llama ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Llama ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ] . :Load :ldoce "load" ; :wnsense "load2n" ; :wordnet "load" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Load' is an ''ObjectGroup'' that is being transported in some ''Conveyance'' in some ''TransportationEvent''. This ''ObjectGroup'' is vague - it can be what is carried when a ''Conveyance'' is full, or only partly full. This is usually used for a full ''Load'' of all the things carried, but that is not specified in this type, and part of the ''ObjectGroup'' carried in a ''TransportationEvent''. So any one or group of passengers riding in a car pool could be an instance of this type. Needs more specificity. If a ''Load'' is being carried for pay, it is an instance of the subtype '''Cargo''. NOTE: for a quantitative measure of how much can be carried in a ''Container'' use ''ContainerFull''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'load' (specifically the quantity that can be transported or is being transported in any one ''TransportationEvent'' in any one ''Conveyance''. But the example seems to refer to the quantity that is in fact being transported at some time: (this is not for a quantity being processed): in Wordnet: 2. (3) load, loading - (a quantity that can be processed or transported at one time; 'the system broke down under excessive loads') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanScaleObject, :ObjectGroup, :RoleInAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :TransportationEvent ] . :LoadedDown :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :SupportingSomething ; :wnsense "burdened2adj", "heavy-laden2adj", "loaded down2adj" ; :wordnet "burdened", "heavy-laden", "loaded down" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LoadedDown'' is an attribute of a ''PhysicalObject'' that has a heavier than usual load of some objects to bear (in various ways).. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'loaded down' in Wordnet: 2. burdened, heavy-laden, loaded down - (bearing a physically heavy weight or load; 'tree limbs burdened with ice'; 'a heavy-laden cart'; 'loaded down with packages') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Loading :en "loading" ; :guid "c1008d20-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "load" ; :wnsense "load1v", "load2v", "load3v" ; :wordnet "load" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Event of placing objects or materials into or onto a container or platform, including loading things onto conveyances, loading bullets into a gun, loading a CD into a CD player, putting objects into a ''Bag'', etc. One restriction requires that the object or substance loaded be specified by the 'hadThingAffected' relation (applicable to parent 'ActionOnObject') The other restriction requires that the object into which the thing is loaded be specified by the 'hasEndingPlace' relation applicable to translation events. Includes all 3 senses of 'load' in WordNet: 1. (8) load, lade, laden, load up - (fill or place a load on; 'load a car'; 'load the truck with hay') 2. (3) load, charge - (provide with munition; 'He loaded his gun carefully') 3. load - (put (something) on a structure or conveyance; 'load the bags onto the trucks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :LoadingaBoat :en "loading" ; :ldoce "load" ; :wnsense "load3v" ; :wordnet "load" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of placing objects or materials into or onto a ''Boat''. This can be performed at a ''Dock'' or elsewhere, such as at sea (e.g. transfer from another boat or loading oil from an offshore well) Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'load' in Wordnet: 3. load - (put (something) on a structure or conveyance; \"load the bags onto the trucks\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Loading, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Watercraft :TransportationDeviceType ) ] ] . :LoafOfBread :ldoce "loaf" ; :wnsense "loaf of bread1n", "loaf1n" ; :wordnet "loaf", "loaf of bread" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LoafOfBread' is a SolidFoodObject consisting of baked bread, in a size that can be easily handled by a person - usually from half a pound to several pounds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loaf' and sense 1 of 'loaf of bread' in WordNet: 1. (3) loaf of bread, loaf - (a shaped mass of baked bread) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreadObject . :Loafer :en "loafer" ; :wnsense "Loafer2n" ; :wordnet "Loafer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Loafer' is a trademark, but is used generically for this kind of shoe. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loafer' in WordNet: 2. Loafer - (a low leather step-in shoe; the top resembles a moccasin but it has a broad flat heel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shoe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comfortable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Loam :guid "bf23cb8c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "loam1n" ; :wordnet "loam" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Soil-Generic. Each instance of #$Loam is a portion of soil composed of a mixture of clay, silt, sand and organic matter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loam' in WordNet: 1. loam - (a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rich-Fertile ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Loan :en "borrowed money" ; :enn "borrowed money" ; :wnsense "loan1n" ; :wordnet "loan" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Loan'' is a ''BorrowedObject'' That is a sum of money.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loan' in WordNet: 1. (19) loan - (the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :BorrowedObject, :MoneyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MakingaMoneyLoan ] . :LoanAgreement :en "loan agreement" ; :enn "loan agreement" ; :guid "be498a3b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$TemporaryUserRightsAgreements. In each #$Agreement, one party will give something of value (usually money) to a second party, and the second party will pay the money back, often paying interest as well. Among other options, the parties can agree that there will be repeating #$Paying events, with the same amount paid each time; or they may agree that all the money will be paid back all at once. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgreement . :LoanContract :FIBO "Loan contract" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LoanContract'' is a 'Contract' which specifies the terms for a loan of money. (a FIBO type 'LoanContract) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoanAgreement ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :LoanWord :wnsense "loan2n", "loanword1n" ; :wordnet "loan", "loanword" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loanword' in WordNet: 1. loanword, loan - (a word borrowed from another language; e.g. 'blitz' is a German word borrowed into modern English) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :LobbingaTennisBall :wnsense "lob1n", "lob1v" ; :wordnet "lob" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''LobbingaTennisBall'' is a ''TennisStroke'' in which the ball is hit at a high angle and not hit hard or directly at the Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lob' in WordNet: 1. (1) lob - (propel in a high arc; 'lob the tennis ball') WN noun 'lob': 1. lob - (an easy return of a tennis ball in a high arc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TennisStroke . :Lobbying :en "lobbying" ; :eng "lobbying" ; :wnsense "buttonhole1v", "lobby1v" ; :wordnet "buttonhole", "lobby" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lobbying' is an ''AttemptingToPersuade'' some government official to perform some official act in support of the ''Lobbyist''s cause. Corresponds approximatel to noun sense 1 of 'lobby' in WordNet: 1. (1) lobby, buttonhole - (detain in conversation by or as if by holding on to the outer garments of; as for political or economic favors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingToPersuade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublicOfficial ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ] . :Lobbyist :guid "bd611f9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lobbyist1n" ; :wordnet "lobbyist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lobbyist' is a ''Persuader''who tries to convince legislators or other government officials to perform some Action, usually but not necessariy for the financial benefit of the Lobbyist or the Organization employing her/him. Public interest ''Lobbyist''s lobby for a 'good cause'. A lobbyist is a Professional who attempts to influence Politicians Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lobbyist' in WordNet: 1. lobbyist - (someone who tries to persuade legislators to vote for bills that the lobbyists favor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :Persuader, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lobbying ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Lobe a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lobe'' is a part of an Organism, Plant or Animal, that is connected to a lerger art of the Organism but having a rounded outline and identifiable from other parts. Commonly mentioned ''Lobe''s are the lobes of the ''Lung'' and 'Brain'' and ''Earlobe''s and leaf lobes. NOTE: WN has the plant and animal types separate, and those could be subtypes of this more general type. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'lobe' in WordNet: 1. (6) lobe - ((anatomy) a somewhat rounded subdivision of a bodily organ or part; 'ear lobe') 2. lobe - ((botany) a part into which a leaf is divided) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganismPart ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rounded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Lobster :guid "bd5887ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lobster1n" ; :wordnet "lobster" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :NaturalResourceType, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The American Lobster - does not include spiny lobsters,... Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lobster' in WordNet: 2. lobster - (any of several edible marine crustaceans of the families Homaridae and Nephropsidae and Palinuridae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crustacean, :MeatBearingAnimal, :Scavenger . :Local :contrastsWith :International, :National, :Nationwide, :Worldwide ; :ldoce "local" ; :pertainsTo :PhysicalSpaceRegion ; :wnsense "local2adj" ; :wordnet "local" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Local' is an AttributeValue of things (Events,Attributes, PhysicalObjects) that are restricted or predominant only in some restricted region; this contrasts with attributes such as 'General' 'National', 'International' or 'Global' for which a wider region of applicability is intended. This can be used for 'local anaesthesia' as well as local laws. The essential meaning is that the applicability of the object of the attribute is confined to some subregion of a larger region, which may be specified, or understood in context. The subAttribute ''Localized'' is similar, but used commonly for diseases. The contrast to a larger region should be explicit, but representing such a contrast will require FOL (the notional 'isApplicableTo' relation here is not part of COSMO) (=> (hasAttributeValue ?R Local) (and (isApplicableTo ?R ?Region1) (exists ?Region2 (isLargerThan ?Region2 ?Region1) (isapartOf ?Region1 ?Region2) (not (isApplicableTo ?R ?Region2)))) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'level' in WordNet: 2. (3) local - (of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood; 'local customs'; 'local schools'; 'the local citizens'; 'a local point of view'; 'local outbreaks of flu'; 'a local bus line') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LocalAnesthesia :wnsense "local anaesthesia1n", "local anesthesia1n" ; :wordnet "local anaesthesia", "local anesthesia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LocalAnesthesia'' is an ''Anesthesia'' that affects only one part of the body without causing loss of consciousness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'local anesthesia' in WordNet: 1. local anesthesia, local anaesthesia - (loss of sensation in a small area of the body (as when a local anesthetic is injected for a tooth extraction)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anesthesia, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Localized ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LocalAnesthetic ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :LocalAnesthetic :guid "bd5a1e84-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "local anaesthetic1n", "local anesthetic1n", "local2n", "topical anaesthetic1n", "topical anesthetic1n" ; :wordnet "local", "local anaesthetic", "local anesthetic", "topical anaesthetic", "topical anesthetic" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Drugs which numb the body to pain and other sensation, but only in the area of the body where they are administered. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'local anaesthetic' in WordNet: 1. local anesthetic, local anaesthetic, local, topical anesthetic, topical anaesthetic - (anesthetic that numbs a particular area of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anesthetic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LocalAnesthesia ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :LocalGovernmentOrganization :guid "c10c233a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of both #$LegalGovernmentOrganization and #$LocalOrganization. Each instance of #$LocalGovernmentOrganization is any government organization -- whether federal, state, county, or municipal -- that is specific to, i.e., has jurisdiction and/or services generally limited to, one (local) location. For example, a Board of Education of a particular school district is a #$LocalGovernmentOrganization, because its authority extends to schools in a limited (local) area; in the U.S., such a Board answers to another #$LocalGovernmentOrganization, typically a city or township government. In another example, an instance of #$VeteransAdministrationMedicalCenter is a local organization in terms of its service area, but bureaucratically it belongs to the U.S. Federal government; thus, #$VeteransAdministrationMedicalCenter is a specialization of both #$LocalGovernmentOrganization and #$USFederalGovernmentOrganization. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalGovernmentOrganization, :LocalOrganization . :LocalGroup a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LocalGroup' is a Group consisting exclusively of PhysicalObjects, and located in some specific location. This is more specific than 'ObjectGroup' in requiring that the place inwhich all the objects are located by specified explicitly or implicitly in the assertion using this type.. Some examples are toolkits, football teams while together on the field, and flocks of sheep.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup . :LocalLawEnforcementOfficer :en "local law enforcement officer" ; :enn "local law enforcement officer" ; :guid "757f5a42-bacc-11d6-8000-0002b3a330dc" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$LawEnforcementOfficers who serve in #$LocalPoliceOrganizations: that is, who serve in law enforcement organizations whose jurisdiction is at the city, borough, or county level, or at a comparable level within an analogous federalized law enforcement system. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LawEnforcementOfficer . :LocalOrganization :guid "bd58eedb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$LocalOrganization is a non-geopolitical organization having local 'scope' - that is, its members are distributed in a local area (for example, in a #$Neighborhood, #$City, or rural region), or it has a local (as opposed to national or international) area of activity and concern.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :LocalOutdoorAirObject :en "environmental air", "local air", "surrounding air" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LocalOutdoorAirObject'' is an ''AmbientAirObject'' that surrounds some ''OutdoorLocation''. The size of this Object can range from the immediate surrounds of a building to a city or statewide region. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmbientAirObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutdoorObject ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :LocalRetailOrganization :guid "bd58bfff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc and SUMO this category is called 'RetailStore', but in COSMO that term is used to refer to the physical object that is a building or part of a building where retail activities occur. This is the Organization that operates such a facility. This concept is renamed for COSMO. Cyc: An Organization that conducts business at a single site. This could be a branch of a larger Organization with multiple sites, but that branch is represented here as an Organization controlling only one site. Cyc: A specialization of #$RetailOrganization. Each instance of #$RetailStore is a local single-site organization (but not necessarily a stand-alone business, since it might be part of a chain of retail stores) which sells goods directly to consumers at the organization's #$physicalQuarters. Note that the parent company in a chain of retail stores (such as #$KMart-TheCompany) is _not_, in general, an instance of #$RetailStore, but a local store in a chain generally is (for example, all instances of #$KMartStore are instances of #$RetailStore). SUMO: A Store where individuals who are not representing an Organization purchase items. This distinguishes retail stores from wholesale establishments, where the purchasers are businesses or their representatives, as well as mail order or office buildings where transactions are facillitated but the consumer does not take possession of the item on the premises. More succinctly, the complement of WholesaleStore, i.e. MercantileOrganizations that sell their goods to the general public. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers, :RetailOrganization, :SingleSiteOrganization . :LocalRetailStoreOrganization :guid "bd58bfff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single-site retail Organization. Not part of a ''ChainOrganization''. Mom-and-pop shops, e.g. This may be an informal 'Organization' for really small operations. CYC: 'LocalRetailStore': A specialization of #$RetailOrganization. Each instance of #$RetailStore is a local single-site organization (but not necessarily a stand-alone business, since it might be part of a chain of retail stores) which sells goods directly to consumers at the organization's #$physicalQuarters. Note that the parent company in a chain of retail stores (such as #$KMart-TheCompany) is _not_, in general, an instance of #$RetailStore, but a local store in a chain generally is (for example, all instances of #$KMartStore are instances of #$RetailStore) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailOrganization, :SingleSiteOrganization . :LocalRoad :wnsense "local road1n", "local street1n" ; :wordnet "local road", "local street" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LocalRoad'' is a ''Roadway' that is contained within a single local jurisdiction (such as a City) and is not a ''MainRoad'' (no longer than 3000 meters). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'local road' in WordNet: 1. local road, local street - (a street that is primarily used to gain access to the property bordering it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Simple, :PublicProperty, :Street ; owl:disjointWith :MainRoad . :Locality :wnsense "locality1n", "neck of the woods1n", "neighborhood1n", "neighbourhood1n", "vicinity1n" ; :wordnet "locality", "neck of the woods", "neighborhood", "neighbourhood", "vicinity" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Locality'' is an ''Outdoors'' location that can be larger than a City, with the subtype ''Neighborhood'' being smaller than a city. This region is smaller than a large area like a state, and related to things by distance not by geopolitical divisions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locality' in WordNet: 1. (6) vicinity, locality, neighborhood, neighbourhood, neck of the woods - (a surrounding or nearby region; 'the plane crashed in the vicinity of Asheville'; 'it is a rugged locality'; 'he always blames someone else in the immediate neighborhood'; 'I will drop in on you the next time I am in this neck of the woods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outdoors, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CityBlock ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ] . :Localized :contrastsWith :Systemic ; :pertainsTo :PhysicalObject ; :wnsense "localised1adj", "localized1adj" ; :wordnet "localised", "localized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Localized'' is an AttributeValue of things (Events,Attributes, PhysicalObjects) that are present in some ''PhysicalPartOfObject'' rather than throughout the entire object. This has a meaning similar to that of the parent Attribute ''Local'' but is used largely for diseases, or in other technical contexts. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'localized' in Wordnet: 1. localized, localised - (confined or restricted to a particular location; 'the localized infection formed a definite abscess') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Local . :Locally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Local ; :wnsense "locally1adv" ; :wordnet "locally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Locally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the attribute modified applies only within a 'local' area. 'the Earth is locally flat', or as an ''AdverbOfManner'' specifies that the action was performed in some restricted location.. Includes but is broader than adverb sense 1 of 'locally' in WordNet: 1. (2) locally - (by a particular locality; 'it was locally decided') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbialModifier . :LocatedOpposite :ldoce "opposite" ; :wnsense "opposite1adj" ; :wordnet "opposite" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LocatedOpposite' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is on the opposite side of some space from another object; this AttributeValue is relative to the Object that is what the subject thing is opposite to. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'opposite' in WordNet: 1. (9) opposite - (being directly across from each other; facing; 'And I on the opposite shore will be, ready to ride and spread the alarm'- Longfellow; 'we lived on opposite sides of the street'; 'at opposite poles') 2. (4) opposite, paired - (of leaves etc; growing in pairs on either side of a stem; 'opposite leaves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LocatingInIntendedPosition :en "positioning" ; :guid "c09b5867-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "position1v", "position2v" ; :wordnet "position" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events, and a subcollection of #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere. In each instance of #$LocatingInIntendedPosition, an #$Agent-Generic guides an #$objectMoving to an intended #$toLocation; that is, the #$toLocation corresponds to the #$target of the motion. Examples include: placing a book in the correct place on the library shelves, hanging a picture on the wall, and screwing the top on a bottle. Non-examples are: absent-mindedly leaving a book on the floor (guided motion, but without a particular target), and throwing a basketball through the hoop (not guided motion, though the target is reached). This can be used for positioning more than one object in a particular pattern. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'position' in WordNet: 1. (2) position - (cause to be in an appropriate place, state, or relation) 2. (1) put, set, place, pose, position, lay - (put into a certain place or abstract location; 'Put your things here'; 'Set the tray down'; 'Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children'; 'Place emphasis on a certain point') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere . :LocatingSomething :wnsense "locate1v", "locate2v", "situate1v", "turn up3v" ; :wordnet "locate", "situate", "turn up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which the ''Location'' of something (event, physical object) is found (located, discovered, etc.). For finding a Physical Object use the subtype ''FindingAPhysicalObject''. ''LocatingSomething'' requires a ''Perceiving'' (in some sense, directly or by instrument) of something: Event, Object, Location. The 'location' determined for the thing located is pointed to by the relation ''isaPerceptionOf''. NOTE: for 'putting something in a location' use ''LocatingInIntendedPosition''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'locate' in WordNet: 1. (16) locate, turn up - (discover the location of; determine the place of; find by searching or examining; 'Can you locate your cousins in the Midwest?'; 'My search turned up nothing') 2. (12) situate, locate - (determine or indicate the place, site, or limits of, as if by an instrument or by a survey; 'Our sense of sight enables us to locate objects in space'; 'Locate the boundaries of the property\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ascertaining, :Finding-Generic, :Perceiving, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ] . :Location-Underspecified :isaSynonymOf :GenericLocation ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Synonym of GenericLocation, included here as a pointer to the Cyc element.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :LocationAttribute a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each class of a LocationAttribute specifies some kind of Location, usually relative, in which the designated Object is wholly located.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LocationMarker a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LocationMarker'' is a ''Marker'' that serves to provide viewers with some kind of information about the location of the spot where the marker is,or the direction of a nearby path, or in which direction other objects are, or how far away other objects or locations are. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Marker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :LocationMeasure a :LocationMeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A measure defining a location, relative to an object or coordinate system.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :LocationOrOrientationAttribute . :LocationMeasureType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """LocationMeasureType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances and an argument restriction for the hasLocation relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :LocationOrOrientationAttribute a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any attribute of location, directional orientation, or other attributes related to position, orientation, or direction of motion. Subtypes may be qualitative or quantitative AttributeValues.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :LocationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a type of Location (spatial location) as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Lock :appearsInAxioms """(=> (instance ?KEY Key) (exists (?LOCK) (and (instance ?LOCK Lock) (capability Opening instrument ?LOCK) (capability Closing instrument ?LOCK))))"""^^xsd:string ; :guid "bd58dd5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lock" ; :wnsense "lock1n" ; :wordnet "lock" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any device that prevents a person from opening a PortalCovering without a restricted method (key or lock combination). NOTE: a 'Lock'' holds two objects together: e.g. a mobile door and a container with a door, but it also can hold two gates together or two doors that swing outward from a container. So this can be classified as a ''FasteningObject''. SUMO: A Device, which, through a Key or a combination prevents access to a Container or StationaryArtifact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lock' in WordNet: 1. (6) lock - (a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AntiTheftDevice, :FasteningObject, :MechanicalDevice . :Lockdown :wnsense "lockdown1n" ; :wordnet "lockdown" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lockdown'' is a ''Confining'' where multiple ''Person''s are *temporarily* kept from leaving a facility, due to some unexpected Event that requires careful investigation to assess the cause and determine whether there is any hazard and if so, to take action to prevent that problem. NOTE: the WN sense only indicates that this happens in a Prison, but a ''Lockdown'' can occur in any facility, though usually only one controlled by a government. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lockdown' in WordNet: 1. lockdown - (the act of confining prisoners to their cells (usually to regain control during a riot)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Confining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentalBuilding ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Locked :isTheOppositeOf :Unlocked ; :wnsense "locked1adj" ; :wordnet "locked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The opposite of 'Unlocked' (in CYC 'OpenAccess'). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'locked' in Wordnet: 1. (2) barred, bolted, fast, latched, locked, secured - (firmly fastened or secured against opening; 'windows and doors were all fast'; 'a locked closet'; 'left the house properly secured') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Locker :guid "bd59030b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "locker1n", "storage locker1n" ; :wordnet "locker", "storage locker" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Locker' is a ''StorageConstruct'' that is usually large enough to hold a small briefcase and may be large enough to hold a suit of clothes on a hanger along with some other objects. These are typically inside buidings, and may be attached to the frame or free-standing but are not designed to be moved while in use. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'locker' (excluding 'cabinet' - this 'locker' has a lock) in WordNet: 1. (4) cabinet, locker, storage locker - (a storage compartment for clothes and valuables; usually it has a lock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwelveInches ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumWidth ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonPortable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lock ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Locket :wnsense "locket1n" ; :wordnet "locket" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locket' in WordNet: 1. locket - (a small ornamental case; usually contains a picture or a lock of hair and is worn on a necklace) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case-Container, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Necklace ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neck ; owl:onProperty :isSuspendedFrom ] . :LockingMechanism :en "locking mechanism" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LockingMechanism'' is the 'Mechanism'' with movable parts inside a ''Lock'' that assists the device in performing its locking function. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mechanism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LockingSomething ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lock ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ] . :LockingSomething :guid "c0fe033d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lock1v" ; :wordnet "lock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC; An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$ChangingDeviceState. Each instance of #$LockingSomething is an action which changes the state of some lockable device from #$Device-Unlocked to #$Device-Locked. This is an Action in which two objects or parts of the same object are fastened together *temporararilly* (this is a ''Fastening'' Action) using a ''Lock'' of some kind so that they cannot be unfastened without using the proper key or proper combination or other code or device that the ''Lock'' reqires for unlocking. The intention is to prevent access, and possibly to make some objects safe from theft or harm. This can be for locking doors to oudoor areas or doors to indoor rooms or doors to storage closets or cabinets or latches on briefcases. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lock' in WordNet: 1. (8) lock - (fasten with a lock; \"lock the bike to the fence\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ChangingDeviceState, :ClosingSomething, :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnlockingALock ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lock ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lock ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Locked ; owl:onProperty :hasStateAfterChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unlocked ; owl:onProperty :hasStateBeforeChange ] . :Lockout :wnsense "lockout1n" ; :wordnet "lockout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lockout' in WordNet: 1. lockout - (a management action resisting employee's demands; employees are barred from entering the workplace until they agree to terms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :BusinessManagementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BusinessManagement ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Employee ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :Locomotion-SolidSurface :guid "c08d344c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all locomotion events in which the locomotor moves along, and is supported by, a #$SolidTangibleThing. Includes walking, slithering, somersaulting, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocomotionProcess, :TranslationAlongASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalContactSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :LocomotionEvent :guid "c0b3e401-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of movement events in which the #$primaryObjectMoving is moving under its own control, and usually under its own power. This entails that the moving object is an agent. Most animals, many bacteria, and some robots are capable of #$LocomotionEvents; inanimate objects and plants are not.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent, :Translation-SingleTrajectory . :LocomotionEvent-Animal :guid "bd58e64e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "locomotion2n", "travel3n" ; :wordnet "locomotion", "travel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$LocomotionEvent, #$AnimalActivity, #$SingleDoerAction, and #$PurposefulAction. In each instance of #$LocomotionEvent-Animal, the object moving (see #$objectMoving) is an instance of #$Animal. Notable specializations of #$LocomotionEvent-Animal include #$Climbing, #$Swimming-Generic, and #$WalkingOnTwoLegs. Other specializations include types of events, such as single-person canoeing and #$Skating, in which a person moves himself or herself using a device to which s/he supplies the motive force. Note that instances of locomotion of several animals working together; e.g., tandam bicycling, a crew team rowing a boat, running a three-legged race; are not instances of this collection. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'locomotion' in WordNet: 2. locomotion, travel - (self-propelled movement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :LocomotionEvent, :SingleDoerAction . :LocomotionProcess :guid "bea637c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is not a ''PhysicalProcess'' (a ProcessType), but an Event. The name should be changed. Cyc: The collection of processes in which a #$providerOfMotiveForce moves from one place to another under, or as if under, its own control. This includes not only animals moving around autonomously (c.f. #$LocomotionProcess-Animal), but also locomoting devices such as cars, submarines, and airplanes, which are controlled either internally or remotely by distinct #$Agents, but share significant properties with locomoting #$Animals - notably that their trajectories are not just functions of forces such as gravity and resistance, but rather can have abrupt changes of direction or speed that are or appear purposeful. This collection also explicitly includes locomoting events in which the #$providerOfMotiveForce is a non-agent natural force such as gravity, so long as the object moving is or appears to be in control of its trajectory of motion. Thus someone downhill skiing or hang-gliding would be a positive example.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocomotionEvent . :LocomotionProcess-Animal :guid "bd58e68c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that in COSMO, any Animal 'locomotion' must be intentional (i.e., an instance of 'PurposefulAction'). CYC: An event, not a FunctionalProcess, in which an animal moves from one place to another by its own power. A #$LocomotionProcess-Animal is an activity considered as a #$TemporalStuffType, in which any time-slice of the activity can also be considered an instance of that activity. Subsets of #$LocomotionProcess-Animal include: #$AnimalWalkingProcess, #$Brachiating, #$Climbing, #$WheelchairLocomotionEvent, #$Boring-Locomotion, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocomotionEvent-Animal, :LocomotionProcess, :Movement-TranslationProcess, :PurposefulAction . :Locust :guid "bd59d549-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "locust1n" ; :wordnet "locust" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locust' in WordNet: 1. (2) locust - (migratory grasshoppers of warm regions having short antennae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grasshopper . :LocustTree :wnsense "locust tree1n", "locust3n" ; :wordnet "locust", "locust tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Individual ''LocustTree''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locust tree' in WordNet: 1. locust tree, locust - (any of various hardwood trees of the family Leguminosae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tree . :Lodging :ldoce "lodging", "lodgings" ; :wnsense "housing1n", "living accommodations1n", "lodging1n" ; :wordnet "housing", "living accommodations", "lodging" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any HumanShelterConstruction where people can sleep. This includes temporary lodgings that cannot be considered as residences (such as 'caravan'-style ''RecreationalVehicles''), as well as permanent residences, and any shelter space or dorm space or hospital room where a person can sleep for the night. SUMO: A Building or part of a Building which provides some accomodation for sleeping. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lodging' in WordNet: 1. (2) housing, lodging, living accommodations - (structures collectively in which people are housed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanShelterConstruction, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :LodgingSomewhere :ldoce "live" ; :wnsense "live1v", "lodge in1v", "occupy3v", "reside2v", "tenancy1n" ; :wordnet "live", "lodge in", "occupy", "reside", "tenancy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Lodging' is the PersistentState of one or more people staying at least for one night in some location, that location being the place where one (at least intends to) sleep. This can be a (more or less) permanent 'Residing' , a temporary visit, a one-night hotel stay, or a 'Camping'. For non-human animals dwelling somewhere use 'DwellingSomewhere'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'reside' and sense 1 of 'lodge in' and part of verb sense 1 of 'live' in WordNet: WN verb 'reside': 2. (1) occupy, reside, lodge in - (live (in a certain place)) WN verb 'live': 1. (133) dwell, live, inhabit - (inhabit or live in; 'People lived in Africa millions of years ago'; 'The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted'; 'this kind of fish dwells near the bottom of the ocean') WN noun 'occupancy' 1. (2) occupancy, tenancy - (an act of being a tenant or occupant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupancy, :Living, :PersonalCircumstances, :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Resident ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lodging ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :House :Apartment :ApartmentBuilding :HotelBuilding :Motel ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwelveHours ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDuration ] . :Loft :wnsense "loft1n" ; :wordnet "loft" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Loft'' is a ''Storey'' that is also a ''Room'', in that it has no partitions, and is located directly above some ''PlaceOfBusiness''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loft' in WordNet: 1. (1) loft - (floor consisting of a large unpartitioned space over a factory or warehouse or other commercial space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, :Storey, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroundFloor ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyAbove ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlaceOfBusiness ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyAbove ] . :Lofty :isAnAttributeValueOf :Communication, :Ideal, :Speech ; :wnsense "exalted1adj", "grand5adj", "high-flown2adj", "high-minded1adj", "idealistic2adj", "lofty1adj", "noble-minded1adj", "rarefied3adj", "rarified3adj", "sublime4adj" ; :wordnet "exalted", "grand", "high-flown", "high-minded", "idealistic", "lofty", "noble-minded", "rarefied", "rarified", "sublime" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lofty' in Wordnet: 1. (1) exalted, sublime, grand, high-flown, high-minded, lofty, rarefied, rarified, idealistic, noble-minded - (of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style; 'an exalted ideal'; 'argue in terms of high-flown ideals'- Oliver Franks; 'a noble and lofty concept'; 'a grand purpose') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LogBook :wnsense "logbook1n" ; :wordnet "logbook" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LogBook'' is a ''Book-Physical'' that is the physical representation of a ''RecordBook'', and has some ''EventSeries'' as the topic. In contrast to many types of ''RecordBook'', a 'Logbook'' will often have only one handwritten copy, so this type represents the physical book. If needed, an abstract representation of this can be created, in which case that would be a subtype of ''RecordBook''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logbook' in WordNet: 1. logbook - (a book in which the log is written) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical, :WrittenRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EventSeries ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :LogOfWood :guid "bd58d590-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "log" ; :wnsense "log1n" ; :wordnet "log" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A log or section of a tree, no longer living. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'log' in WordNet: 1. (7) log - (a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfWood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingUpaTree ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Logging :wnsense "log2v", "logging1n", "lumber2v" ; :wordnet "log", "logging", "lumber" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Logging'' is a form of ''ManualLabor'' in which ''Lumberjack''s exert manual effort (often these days in cooperation with heavy machinery) to cut down multiple trees (each being one instance of ''CuttingUpaTree'' and arbitrarily set to min 20 events in the restriction) and prepare the logs for shipping to a processing plant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logging' in WordNet: 1. (1) logging - (the work of cutting down trees for timber) WN verb 'log': 2. (1) log, lumber - (cut lumber, as in woods and forests) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManualLabor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lumberjack ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingUpaTree ; owl:minCardinality "20" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Logic :wnsense "logic1n" ; :wordnet "logic" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Logic'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' and is associated Methodology that concerns itself with the use of symbolic mathematical reasoning methods to allow drawing verifiably true (or at least consistent) inferences from postulates and axioms in any closed system of propositions. Uses ''Reasoning'' and its subtye ''Inferring'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logic' in WordNet: 1. (2) logic - (the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Methodology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reasoning ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reasoning ; owl:onProperty :makesUseOf ] . :Logical :isAnAttributeValueOf :ComputerProgram, :Reasoning ; :pertainsTo :Logic ; :wnsense "logical1adj" ; :wordnet "logical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Logical'' is the attribute of logical thinking processes and arguments, including but not restricted to formal ''Logic''. NOTE: WN does not have a sense of 'logical' that specifically represents this meaning, but sense 1 comes close. This is not an attribute or trait of a person, but can be applied to the reasoning of a Person or of an automaton (e.g. a computer). NOTE: A ''ComputerProgram'' in a digital computer is based on Logic, and therefore is considered ''Logical''. There are 'Deep Neural Network' programs that mimic to some extent the intuitive thinking process in people, but the individual steps in such programs are based on logical processes, and in theory they could be traced, so even that is ''Logical'' But the complexity is such that interpreting the results in a logical manner is at the current time impractical. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'logical' in WordNet: 1. (6) logical - (capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning; 'a logical mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Analytical, :PertainingAttributeValue, :Rational . :LogicalAssertion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LogicalSentence that represent an Assertion rather than a query. It may contain variables, as in inference rules. The intended meaning of an Assertion is to add new information to a knowledge base, not to discover information already in it. A ''LogicalAssertion'' will typically use the well-defined logical elements (such as IF, THEN, UNLESS, FORALL, THEREEXISTS, AND, OR, NOT). These may occur in a full Axiom or within the ''Antecedent'' or ''Consequent'' parts of an Axiom. An Axiom, an ''Antecedent'' and a ''Consequent'' are each a subtype of this ''LogicalAssertion''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LogicalSentence . :LogicalContent a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'LogicalContent' is a Group of one or more 'LogicalSentence's that represent the meaning (in the COSMO canonical form or some translatable form) of some Information. The restriction requires that each instance of 'LogicalContent' specify what it is the meaning of (some sentence or set of sentences, usually). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Meaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheMeaningRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :LogicalSentence ] . :LogicalFunction a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called just 'Function' in SUMO, but in COSMO that term is reserved for functions that are actions performed by artifacts or naturally evolved biological systems. Linguistically terms that serve as LogicalFunctions can be of any part of speech. LogicalFunctions in COSMO can be ontology elements that are either vague or context-dependent, and are used to represent interpretations of information that is specified with vague or context-dependent terms. Where possible, the LogicalFunction may be implemented by a procedure that attempts to narrow the range of meanings, but if that is not possible, the default vague meanings (being a set of possible meanings) is used in the representation. NOTE: where *types* rather than instances are to be used as logical functions, (as in QualitativeAttributeValues that are context-sensitive), the types are represented as instances of the metatype 'LogicalFunctionType'. SUMO (Function) ; Function-Denotational (Cyc) A Function in COSMO is used to create new terms (instances or classes) from combinations of other terms. This is somewhat analogous to the use in mathematics and computers,. This notion is not directly supported in OWL, but the Functions are represented in all variant notations of the COSMO, so that they can be translated into notations where functions can be used, and used in that form. SUMO: A Function is a term-forming Relation that maps from a n-tuple of arguments to a range and that associates this n-tuple with at most one range element. Note that the range is a SetOrClass, and each element of the range is an instance of the SetOrClass. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: #$Function-Denotational is the collection of functions the CycL expressions for which can be used to form non-atomic terms (NATs). Specifically, when such a function-denoting expression is appropriately combined with other expressions (i.e. the former is in the 0th argument position and the latter are of the correct number and type) the resulting expression is a new CycL term - a NAT - that may then freely appear as a component in other CycL expressions. The NAT will itself denote the value (if any) of the function denoted by the former expression for the sequence of arguments denoted, respectively, by the latter expressions. For example, #$GovernmentFn is a unary denotational function, and so the CycL constant '#$GovernmentFn' requires one (syntactic) argument (such as the constant '#$France') to form a NAT (in this case, the expression '(#$GovernmentFn #$France)'). This NAT, which denotes the government of France, can in turn serve as a (syntactic) argument in any CycL expression in which (a term for) an instance of #$RegionalGovernment can occur. Alternatively, we could have created a specific new term 'GovernmentOfFrance', asserted that its denotation is an instance of #$RegionalGovernment, and so on. But two related advantages to having NATs in CycL are that they (i) allow for a drastic reduction in the total number of constant terms needed in the CycL vocabulary and (ii) provide a convenient and systematic way to form appropriate new terms as needed out of existing vocabulary (which terms can then inherit from various existing rules and other assertions involving the terms' component expressions). Important subcollections of #$Function-Denotational include #$IndividualDenotingFunction (whose instances always return instances of #$Individual), #$CollectionDenotingFunction, #$SetDenotingFunction, and #$FunctionDenotingFunction (which is itself a subcollection of the first). NATs formed using terms that denote instances of #$FunctionDenotingFunction often denote instances of #$Function-Denotational themselves. Thus, like most other things, denotational functions can be denoted in CycL either by constants (e.g. '#$GovernmentFn') or - although this is less common - by NATs (e.g. '(#$FunctionToArg 2 #$biologicalMother)'). Note that the collection #$Function-Denotational does _not_ include all functions whatsoever. Functions that, given their natures and the nature of the CycL language, could not sensibly be denoted by any NAT-forming CycL expression are not denotational functions. Examples include certain provably-existing exotic mathematical functions, such as (probably) any one-to-one function from the positive integers to the rational numbers. (For a more general collection that does include such functions, and for a more general explication of the notion of function itself, see #$Function-MathematicalObject and its comment). Note also that #$Function-Denotational does not include any of the so-called #$TruthFunctions (q.v.): #$Predicates, #$Quantifiers, or #$LogicalConnectives. For these relations (as construed in CycL) are not really functions at all, even though it can be heuristically useful to think of them as if they were functions from sequences of arguments to truth values.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :LogicalFunctionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LogicalFunctionType' is a metaclass used to signal that a particular type (class) represents a concept that needs some functional procedure to properly represent. This is similar in use to the type 'LogicalFunction', but it is used to label types rather than instances. LogicalFunctions in COSMO are ontology elements that are either vague or context-dependent, and are use to represent interpretations of information that is specified with vague or context-dependent terms. Where possible, the LogicalFunction may be implemented by a procedure that attempts to narrow the range of meanings, but if that is not possible, the default vague meanings (being a set of possible meanings) is used in the representation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :LogicalQuery :en "query" ; :ldoce "question" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LogicalQuery' is a 'LogicalSentence'' that is a question in logical form designed to obtain information from a database maintained in a format suitable for questioning by logical formulae such as SQL, SPARQL, or any database query language. A ''LogicalQuery'' uses a logical form with variables representing the information to be discovered, with logical functions such as 'FIND' , 'WHERE', 'AND', 'OR\" and others whichay be used by some query languages and not by other. A 'database query' would be one subtype, a query to an ontology would be another type, and """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LogicalSentence, :Question . :LogicalSentence :guid "bd5880a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A syntactically well-formed sentence in some logical language. It may be an assertion, or a query including variable symbols or an inference rule in an if-then format. This will be an abstract representation of a Proposition. NOTE that this is an AbstractString, not the propositional content of the string. Similar to the Cyc 'CycLSentence', though in Cyc this is restricted to the CycL language, in COSMO this type represents all sentences in any logical language. It is necessary that all 'LogicalSentence's in any logic format must be translatable into each other. Cyc: The collection of syntactically well-formed sentences of the CycL language. Each instance of #$CycLSentence consists of a CycL expression denoting an instance of #$TruthFunction (e.g., an instance of #$Predicate or #$SententialRelation) followed by one or more CycL terms (see #$CycLTerm), with the entire sequence enclosed in parentheses. For example, (#$isa #$Collection #$Thing) and (#$genls ?FOO #$SpatialThing) are both CycL sentences. Note that #$CycLSentences need not obey arity constraints (see #$arity) or other semantic constraints (such as argument type constraints; see #$ArgTypePredicate). #$CycLSentences are also called logical formulas , and are to be distinguished from denotational formulas (which are also known as NAT s; see #$CycLNonAtomicTerms). Note that this notion of a CycL sentence is broader than the notion of sentence standardly used in formal logic, where a sentence is defined as a _closed_ well-formed formula: CycL sentences may be _open_ (i.e., contain free variables; see #$CycLOpenSentence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, :Phrase . :Logically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Logical ; :wnsense "logically1adv", "logically2adv" ; :wordnet "logically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Logically'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions or Actions to characterize them as having a ''Logical'' basis in their reasoning or performance (or not, if negated). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'logically' in Wordnet: 1. (2) logically - (according to logical reasoning; \"logically, you should now do the same to him\") 2. (1) logically - (in a logical manner; \"he acted logically under the circumstances\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :LogicallyContradictory :en "logically contradictory" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Contradiction, :PropositionGroup ; :wnsense "contradictory1adj" ; :wordnet "contradictory" ; a :AttributeValueType, :MeasureType, :ProbabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LogicallyContradictory' is a 'VerbalProbability', an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that cannot be true, in **any** Possible World, because it violates the rules of logic. This is a subtype of 'Impossible' which may apply to some possible worlds but not to others. The term 'incoherent' may be used in the same sense, but that sense of 'incoherent' is not in Wordnet. This represents a range of numerical probabilities from 0.0 to 0.0 (i.e. the chances are zero). This must apply to groups of assertions that have more than one atomic assertion, or are self- contradictory (such as the 'liar' sentence). It is most closely related to 'contradictory' in in WordNet: 1. (1) contradictory - (of words or propositions so related that both cannot be true and both cannot be false; ' 'perfect' and 'imperfect' are contradictory terms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impossible, :Inconsistent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :Logician :guid "bfe3db7b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "logician1n", "logistician1n" ; :wordnet "logician", "logistician" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all people whose work involves the study and development of formal logic. Note that most logicians consider themselves either philosophers or mathematicians. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logician' in WordNet: 1. logician, logistician - (a person skilled at symbolic logic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Logic ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Logistics :wnsense "logistics1n" ; :wordnet "logistics" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Logistics'' is the action of a ''Supplier'' that delivers needed ''Supplies'' to the place of use. This term is use mostly by large enterprises or the Military forces. NOTE: the specialized military sense (sense 1 in RHW) could be a subtype of ''FieldOfStudy'': RHW 'logistics': 1. the branch of military science and operations dealing with the procurement, supply, and maintenance of equipment, with the movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel, with the provision of facilities and services, and with related matters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logistics' in WordNet: 1. (1) logistics - (handling an operation that involves providing labor and materials be supplied as needed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delivering, :Providing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supplier ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supplies ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Procuring ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Logo :guid "bd58db94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "logo1n", "logotype1n" ; :wordnet "logo", "logotype" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Logo'' is an ''AbstractSymbol'' that represents an Organization. It is usually but not necessarily copyrighted. It may or may not have recognized (often stylized) alphabetical characters or be purely abstract. An image which is used to denote an organization, product type, etc. It is often copyrighted, and is used on product packaging, stationery, advertising, etc. Examples include the NBC 'peacock' mark and the five interlocking rings that symbolize the Olympic Games. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logo' in WordNet: 1. logo, logotype - (a company emblem or device) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbol . :Logogram :wnsense "logogram1n", "logograph1n" ; :wordnet "logogram", "logograph" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In logic there are some 'Logogram's representing ideas and phrases such as 'for all'; 'or'; 'and' 'there exists'; and 'implies'. In math generally, there are many more. RHW 'logogram': a conventional, abbreviated symbol for a frequently recurring word or phrase, as the symbol for the word 'and'. Also called logograph; Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'logogram' in WordNet: 1. logogram, logograph - (a single written symbol that represents an entire word or phrase without indicating its pronunciation; '7 is a logogram that is pronounced 'seven' in English and 'nanatsu' in Japanese') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concept ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Loincloth :guid "c1009827-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "breechcloth1n", "breechclout1n", "loincloth1n" ; :wordnet "breechcloth", "breechclout", "loincloth" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loincloth' in WordNet: 1. breechcloth, breechclout, loincloth - (a garment that provides covering for the loins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Bottom, :ClothingItem, :DurableGood, :EnvelopingCovering, :FoldableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanHip ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loins ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Loins :guid "c0dc5e0f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Trunk-BodyCore ; :wnsense "loins1n", "pubes1n", "pubic region1n" ; :wordnet "loins", "pubes", "pubic region" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Loins'' is the part of a ''HumanHip'' that are adjacent to (and include??) the ExternalGenitalia. NOTE: NOTE: the CYC entry 'Pubis' seems to refer to this area of the body; the 'pubis' is actually one of the bones of the Hip - see ''Pubis'' CYC 'Pubis': The collection of #$AnimalBodyParts consisting of all pubic areas of mammalian bodies. This is a unique part of a mammal which in #$Persons is covered-Hairlike by #$PubicHair. ?'loins' include or exclude the genitalia?? Definitions not quite precise: RHW: Usually, loins. the part or parts of the human body or of a quadruped animal on either side of the spinal column, between the false ribs and hipbone. (?sounds like the 'waist'!) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loins' in WordNet: 1. (1) pubes, pubic region, loins - (the lower part of the abdomen just above the external genital organs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :HumanBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trunk-BodyCore ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanHip ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExternalSexOrgan ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :LoireRiver :guid "bd5906b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "longest river of France" . :Loitering :en "don't leave", "not leave", "stay in a place", "stay put" ; :wnsense "footle1v", "hang around1v", "lallygag1v", "linger2v", "loaf2v", "loiter1v", "lollygag1v", "lounge2v", "lurk2v", "mess about1v", "mill about1v", "mill around1v", "tarry1v" ; :wordnet "footle", "hang around", "lallygag", "linger", "loaf", "loiter", "lollygag", "lounge", "lurk", "mess about", "mill about", "mill around", "tarry" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Loitering'' is a ''StayingInaState'' that is an ''Action'' in which some Person stays, that is does not leave, some location. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'linger' in WordNet: 2. (2) loiter, lounge, footle, lollygag, loaf, lallygag, hang around, mess about, tarry, linger, lurk, mill about, mill around - (be about; 'The high school students like to loiter in the Central Square'; 'Who is this man that is hanging around the department?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :DidNotHappenEvent, :StayingInaState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeavingaPlace ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Lollipop :wnsense "all-day sucker1n", "lollipop2n", "sucker5n" ; :wordnet "all-day sucker", "lollipop", "sucker" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ball of candy, usually flavored sugar, mounted on a finger-sized stick. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lollipop' in WordNet: 2. lollipop, sucker, all-day sucker - (hard candy on a stick) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CandyObject, :HandSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LollipopStick ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LollipopPop ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LollipopPop :en "lollipop pop" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LollipopPop'' is the marble-sized top part of a ''Lollipop''. This represents the object that is part of a ''Lollipop'', not the ''HardCandy'' by itself. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardCandyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lollipop ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :LollipopStick :en "lillipop stick" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LollipopStick'' is a small stick-like rod or flat piee of wood usually narrow (several mm) and cylindirical (for lollipops) or flat (for popsicles) and made of cardboard or wood, just hard enough to hold a ''LollipopPop'' while it is being sucked, perhaps over several hours. This type of stick is also used in a frozen-food ''Popsicle''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :FingerSizedObject, :LongAndThinThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LollipopPop ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :LondonArea :isSpatiallyDisjointWith :DublinIreland ; :isaSpatialPartOf :UnitedKingdomArea ; a :CityRegion ; rdfs:comment """The physical area (a 'Region') of The city of London, the capital of the United Kingdom. This object includes the space containing everything in the city (at any given time), including the people. """ . :Loneliness :guid "c0ed0b82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "loneliness" ; :wnsense "loneliness3n" ; :wordnet "loneliness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The disagreeable feeling of being without company. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingTypes are #$Loneliness, #$Solitude, etc. NOTE this is both the feeling that may arise from being without company and includes the state itself; i.e. one cannot have this feeling unless one is actually lonely, bu the 'absence' of company may be absence of a specific individual or group. Thus one can feel 'Loneliness' even when some other people are around. NOTE: WordNet sense 3 of 'solitude' includes 'loneliness' but is a *disposition* rather than a Feeling. This type is a Feeling, not a disposition. Includes part of sense 1 and sense 2 of 'loneliness' in WordNet: 1. (4) loneliness, solitariness - (the state of being alone in solitary isolation) 2. (1) forlornness, loneliness, desolation - (sadness resulting from being forsaken or abandoned) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Lonely :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Loneliness ; :ldoce "lonely" ; :wnsense "lonely2adj", "lonesome2adj" ; :wordnet "lonely", "lonesome" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling Loneliness. For the attribute of being by oneself, use 'Alone'. Coresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lonely' and sense 2 of 'lonesome' in WordNet: 2. (4) lonely, lonesome - (marked by dejection from being alone; 'felt sad and lonely'; 'the loneliest night of the week'; 'lonesome when her husband is away'; 'spent a lonesome hour in the bar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :Long :isTheOppositeOf :Short ; :ldoce "long" ; :wnsense "elongated2adj", "long2adj" ; :wordnet "elongated", "long" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Long is an attribute that specifies that something has a larger than usual length relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. This indicates that the object has a length signficantly larger than the width, but is not so much so as to be necessarily ''LongAndThin''. NOTE: this is not the meaning of 'long' in time (see 'LongLasting', nor when used in phrase such as 'two inches long'. That will be a function. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'long' in WordNet: 2. (107) long - (primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified; 'a long road'; 'a long distance'; 'contained many long words'; 'ten miles long') WN adj 'elongated': 2. (1) elongate, elongated - (having notably more length than width; being long and slender; 'an elongate tail tapering to a point'; 'the old man's gaunt and elongated frame') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Long-Distance :pertainsTo :LongDistance ; :wnsense "long-distance1adj", "long-distance2adj" ; :wordnet "long-distance" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Long-Distance'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''LongDistance'' or things that extend over a ''LongDistance'' or actions that cover a ''LongDistance''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'long-distance' in Wordnet: 1. long-distance - (of or relating to or being a long-distance telephone call; 'a long-distance call'; 'a long-distance transmission line'; 'a long-distance operator') 2. long-distance - (covering a long distance; 'a long-distance runner'; 'a long-distance freight train'; 'she ran off with a long-distance truck driver') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Long-Range :pertainsTo :FiveYearPlan, :LongRangePlanning, :NextFiveYears, :NextTenYears, :TenYearPlan ; :wnsense "long-range1adj" ; :wordnet "long-range" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Long-Range' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Event or Actions that occur over at least five years, or Plans that concern actions extending from ''Now'' for ast least ''FiveYears'' into the future. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'long-range' in Wordnet: 1. (4) long-range - (involving an extended span of time; 'long-range goals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LongAndThin :guid "416e907a-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A generalization of the Cyc 'Filamentlike'. The length/width ratio should be at least 3, but often is longer. This is usually an Attribute of solids, but it can also be of liquid objects such as rivers. This is a subtype of ''Long'' (which see) - ''Long'' is relative, so that a tiny fiber can be ''LongAndThin'' as well as ''Long''. This is (v1111) used mostly with 'hasQualitativeAttribute' but could be used with 'hasShape' - @ToDo -standardize the shape usage? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Long . :LongAndThinObject a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object, physical or abstract, that is LongAndThin. A LongAndThinObject doesn't have to be very long,just >5 times longer than the diameter or width. A ''LongAndThinObject'' has exactly two ends. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EndOfAnObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingObject ] . :LongAndThinThing :guid "8797c068-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "ribbon1n" ; :wordnet "ribbon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LongAndThinThing is a PhysicalObject one of whose linear dimensions is multiples either of the other two dimensions; it doesn't have to be very long,just >5 times longer than the diameter or width. This is more specialized than a 'LongAndThinObject', being solid. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible that are long and thin. #$LongAndThinThing is the #$ObjectTypeByPhysicalStructuralFeature that characterizes a tangible object which has one dimension whose length exceeds that of each of the other two dimensions by at least a factor of three. E.g., pencils, straws, telephone wire, submarines, skyscrapers. Cf. #$SheetShaped. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'ribbon' in WordNet: 1. (6) ribbon, thread - (any long object resembling a thin line; 'a mere ribbon of land'; 'the lighted ribbon of traffic'; 'from the air the road was a grey thread'; 'a thread of smoke climbed upward') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinObject, :LongishObject, :SolidObject . :LongArmed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart :LongArms ; :wnsense "long-armed1n" ; :wordnet "long-armed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute meaning 'having long arms'. This is a distinctive characteristic of some animals, such as an ''Orangutan''.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'long-armed' in Wordnet: 1. long-armed - (having relatively long arms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LongArms :en "long arms" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LongArms'' are arms (both of them) that are relatively long, compared to other animals or people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BothArms, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongBone :guid "bfa6b1af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "long bone1n", "os longum1n" ; :wordnet "long bone", "os longum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'long bone' in WordNet: 1. (3) long bone, os longum - (in limbs of vertebrate animals: a long cylindrical bone that contains marrow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongBow :guid "bd58c26c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "longbow1n" ; :wordnet "longbow" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The kind of bow used in archery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'longbow' in WordNet: 1. longbow - (a powerful wooden bow drawn by hand; usually 5-6 feet long; used in medieval England) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bow-Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongCone a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is approximately conical, but has a high height/width ratio (> 3), enough to classify it as 'LongAndThin' - the shape of an Icicle or a Stalactite..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongConeShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :LongConeShaped a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The shape attribute of an Object that is approximately conical, but has a high height/width ratio (> 3), enough to classify it as 'LongAndThin' - the shape of an Icicle or a Stalactite..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conical, :LongAndThin . :LongDistance :isaMeasureOf :EarthSurfaceObject ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LongDistance'' is a LengthMeasure applying to spatial separations on the Earth's Surface that exceed three miles, usually by much more. This is vague and may be used in a relative sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :LongDormantVolcano :ldoce "mountain" ; :wnsense "mountain1n" ; :wordnet "mountain" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongDormantVolcano'' is a ''Mountain'' formed by volcanic activity for which there is no evidence of eruption within the past million years, and therefore it is unlikely that a ;LavaTube'' is attached to the Mountain. The time period required to make a distinction may be modified by any qualified geologist, so individual ''LongDormantVolcano''s may be shifted to the ''Volcano'' category or vice-versa as evidence is available.. This meaning of 'long-dormant; probably differs from that used commonly ('within historical time' is more common) but that adjective is not attributed here, and will not be created in COSMO until more detailed distinctions are available from a qualified geologist. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mountain . :LongEstablished :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AdoptingaCustom, :EstablishingSomething ; :wnsense "constituted1adj", "established1adj" ; :wordnet "constituted", "established" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LongEstablished'' is the attribute of an institution, a practice, or any widely accepted or adopted social institution'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'established' in Wordnet: 1. (7) established, constituted - (brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established; 'the established social order'; 'distrust the constituted authority'; 'a team established as a member of a major league'; 'enjoyed his prestige as an established writer'; 'an established precedent'; 'the established Church') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accepted, :Adopted . :LongHandle :ldoce "handle" ; :wnsense "handle1n" ; :wordnet "handle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Handle'' is a ''StraightHandle'' long enough to hold and manipulate with two hands (at least 100 cm). A longer handle (>120cm) is a ''BroomHandle''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handle' in WordNet: 1. (5) handle, grip, handgrip, hold - (the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it; 'he grabbed the hammer by the handle'; 'it was an old briefcase but it still had a good grip') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shaft, :StraightHandle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :LongHandledTool a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongHandledTool'' is a ''HandTool'' that has a ''LongHandle'' (can be grasped with two hands). This type is created to allow descriptions of the working part (''WorkingHead'') of the tool. A ''LongHandledTool'' has only one ''WorkingHead'', at one end. Examples are rakes, shovels, hoes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingHead ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :LongInsectLegs :en "long insect legs", "long legs", "long legs for an insect" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalFeatureType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LongInsectLegs'' are legs that are long copared to the typical Insect of the same overall size. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AllLegs, :ComparativeFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insect ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfComparison ] . :LongJourney :ldoce "journey", "voyage" ; :wnsense "journey1n", "journey1v", "travel2v", "trip1n", "voyage2n" ; :wordnet "journey", "travel", "trip", "voyage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LongJourney' is a 'Travel-TripEvent' in which a Person travels for more than one day or more than 100 miles or both. The WN definition of 'journey' suggests a process, rather than a completed action. This is for a completed action, though it could be a one-way trip, and the return could bee treated as a separate ''LongJourney'' or combined with the outbound trip to be a single ''LongJourney''. @ToDo: NOTE: this includes 'round trip' and one-way trips, but 'round trip' could be made a distinct subtype. This is generally longer than a ''Visiting'' action, so it is classified as disjoint with''Visiting''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'journey'(applying to long journeys) and sense 1 of 'voyage' in WordNet: WN noun 'journey': 1. (17) journey, journeying - (the act of traveling from one place to another) WN verb 'journey': 1. (1) travel, journey - (undertake a journey or trip) WN 'voyage': 2. (2) voyage - (a journey to some distant place) WN noun 'trip': 1. (659) trip - (a journey for some purpose (usually including the return); 'he took a trip to the shopping center') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Travel-TripEvent ; owl:disjointWith :Visiting . :LongLasting :isTheOppositeOf :Brief ; :ldoce "long" ; :wnsense "durable1n", "long-lasting1adj", "long-lived1n", "long1adj" ; :wordnet "durable", "long", "long-lasting", "long-lived" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """LongLasting is an attribute that specifies that some Event lasted in time more than the usual length of time for that kind of Event. This attribute is relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. For the sense that an ArtifactObjectcan can serve (last) longer than most artifacts of that type use ''Durable'' NOTE: this is not the meaning of 'long' in length (see 'Long', nor when used in phrase such as 'two inches long'. That will be a function. Includes adjective sense 1 'long-lasting' and sense 1 of 'long' in WordNet: 1. durable, lasting, long-lasting, long-lived - (existing for a long time; 'hopes for a durable peace'; 'a long-lasting friendship') WN adjective 'long': 1. (118) long - (primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified; 'a long life'; 'a long boring speech'; 'a long time'; 'a long friendship'; 'a long game'; 'long ago'; 'an hour long') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :LongLegOfArtifact :wnsense "leg3n" ; :wordnet "leg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LegOfArtifact'' is a 'LegOfArtifact' that is long and narrow, with a minimum length of two feet. This would be part of a table or tripod, or a stool, but most chairs would be shorter. Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'leg' in WordNet - some artifacts that are not furniture (see ''Tripod'') have 'legs'.: in WordNet: 3. (2) leg - (one of the supports for a piece of furniture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegOfArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "60"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :LongLegged :en "long legged", "long-legged" ; :wnsense "gangling1adj", "gangly1adj", "lanky1adj", "rangy1adj" ; :wordnet "gangling", "gangly", "lanky", "rangy" ; a :AppearanceType, :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute meaning 'having long legs'. This is a distinctive characteristic of some animals, such as a ''Giraffe'', and can be applied to individuals of other animals that have a longer than usual leg for that species. For people, 'lanky' comes closest: Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lanky' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gangling, gangly, lanky, rangy - (tall and thin and having long slender limbs; 'a gangling teenager'; 'a lanky kid transformed almost overnight into a handsome young man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LongLegs :en "long legs" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LongLegs'' is ''AllLegs'' on an Animal, all of them being relatively ''Long'' for that group (species, genus, family) of animals. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AllLegs, :ComparativeFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfComparison ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimalType ] . :LongLife :en "long life" ; :enn "long life" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongLife'' is a ''Lifetime'' that lasts longer in time than other Organisms in the same species,genus,or class. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lifetime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :LongLasting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongLived :en "long-lived" ; :enadj "long-lived" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal, :Plant ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :LongLife ; :wnsense "long-life1adj" ; :wordnet "long-life" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'LongLived'' is an attribute of complex organisms or species that have a ''Lifetime'' longer than others in the same broad category; this also can characterize 'perishable' goods like foods that last longer than others in its category. RHW adj. 'long-lived': 1. having a long life, existence, or duration: a long-lived man; long-lived fame. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'long-life' (this is mostly for Organisma) in Wordnet: 1. long-life - ((of perishable goods) treated to stay fresh longer than usual; 'long-life milk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongLasting . :LongNeck :en "long neck" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Neck'' that is relatively long. This is a distinctive characteristic of some animals, such as a ''Giraffe''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Neck, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongNecked :en "long necked", "long-necked" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart :LongNeck ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute meaning 'having a long neck'. This is a distinctive characteristic of some animals, such as a ''Giraffe''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LongNose :en "long nose", "longnose" ; :wnsense "proboscis1n" ; :wordnet "proboscis" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongNose'' is an unusually long nose on a Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proboscis' in WordNet: 1. proboscis - (the human nose (especially when it is large)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :Nose . :LongOar :en "long oar" ; :enn "long oar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongOblong :en "long oblong" ; :enn "long oblong" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongOblong'' is an ''Oblong'' (a ''Rectangle'') with two opposite sides of the four sides significantly longer (more than 4 times) than the other two. Corresponds to part (rectangle) of noun sense 1 of 'oblong' in Wordnet: 1. oblong - (a plane figure that deviates from a square or circle due to elongation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblong, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumRatioOfSides ] . :LongPants :en "long pants" ; :guid "bd58dd04-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Pants. Each instance of #$LongPants is a pair of pants that covers the wearer's hips and legs. This collection is disjoint with #$ShortPants (q.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pants, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothLegs ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :LongRange :pertainsTo :LongDistance ; :wnsense "long-range2adj" ; :wordnet "long-range" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LongRange'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a Actions or that continue over a ''LongDistance'' or Devices designed to move over a LongDistance. NOTE: The term''Long-Distance''pertains to a 'long-distancephone call''o other things that do not directly involve motion ofer a'LongDistance''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'long-range' in Wordnet: 2. (3) long-range - (suitable for or reaching long distances; \"long-range nuclear capability\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LongRangePlanning :en "long-range planning" ; :enn "long-range planning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LongRangePlanning'' is a ''PlanningEvent'' that includes concern for results that will not occur before five years from the time of the planning. 'five-year plan' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, :PlanningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FiveYearPlan :TenYearPlan ) ] ; owl:onProperty :typicallyProduces ] . :LongRoll :en "long roll" ; :enn "long roll" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongRoll'' is a 'Roll' that is approxinately cylindrical in shape (''LongerThanWide''), with rounded ends and a oval (''Ellpse'') cross-section. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roll, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ellipse ; owl:onProperty :hasCrossSectionalShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongerThanWide ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongSheet a :ArtifactObjectType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Sheet-like object consisting of a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that may be a ''FreeSheet'' or part of a ''PhysicalObject'' in some specil shape. The most useful subtype is a ''RollOfStuff''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ArtifactObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongerThanWide ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongSkirtBottom :ldoce "skirt" ; :wnsense "skirt1n" ; :wordnet "skirt" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongSkirtBottom'' is a ''SkirtBottom'' that extends to the ankles, characteristic of a ''Gown'' and some special styles of ''Dress''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Bottom, :DurableGood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongSleeve :isDesignedToCover :Arm ; :wnsense "long sleeve1n" ; :wordnet "long sleeve" ; a :CoveringType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongSleeve'' is a ''SleeveOfGarment'' that extends to the wrist. This is the most common length for sleeves of shirts worn for business. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'long sleeve' in WordNet: 1. long sleeve - (a sleeve extending from shoulder to wrist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SleeveOfGarment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongSleeveShirt :en "long sleeve shirt" ; :enn "long sleeve shirt" ; :guid "c0fbdd80-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongSleeveShirt'' is a ''Shirt'' with both of its ''SleeveOfGarment''s being ''Long''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shirt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongSleeve ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongSleeved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongSleeved :en "long-sleeved" ; :enadj "long-sleeved" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ClothingItem, :LongSleeveShirt ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :LongSleeve ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LongSleeved'' is the attribute of a Garment in which the sleeves are long (extend beyond the elbow). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LongSnout :en "long snout" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongSnout'' is a ''Snout'' that is even more elgated than an already longish ''Muzzle'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Muzzle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :LongTalon :en "long talon" ; :enn "long talon" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bird's ''Talon'' that is relatively long (for a Talon). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Talon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LongTerm :isTheOppositeOf :Brief ; :wnsense "long-run1adj", "long-term1n" ; :wordnet "long-run", "long-term" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LongTerm'' is an attribute that specifies that some Event or TimeInterval that is not ''Brief'' or short-term, but extends over a long interval of time, usually referring to at least a few years. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'long-term' in WordNet: 1. (6) long-run, long-term, semipermanent - (relating to or extending over a relatively long time; 'the long-run significance of the elections'; 'the long-term reconstruction of countries damaged by the war'; 'a long-term investment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongLasting . :LongTermMemory :wnsense "long-term memory1n" ; :wordnet "long-term memory" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShortTermMemory'' is an 'AbilityToRemember' that can hold ''Memory''s for a long time - in contrast to 'ShortTermMemory'' that is a capability to hold things in memory for a short time (seconds or minutes) NOTE that in WN this is a subtype of 'remembering' - a process, whereas here in COSMO it is classified as a 'capability' to remember - so it has a different parent type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'long-term memory' in WordNet: 1. long-term memory, LTM - (your general store of remembered information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbilityToRemember . :LongTusk :en "long tusk" ; :enn "long tusk" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongTusk'' is a ''Tusk'' that is ''Long'' relative to the typical ''Tusk'' on a similar type of animal. This is particularly relevant to desribing the Tusk''s of a ''Mammoth''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tusk, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Longer a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Longer' is a subtype of ''Long'' characterizing an Object that is ''Long'' relative to another object, or ''Long'' relative to its Length value prior to some Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Long . :LongerThanWide a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LongerThanWide'' is an attribute that specifies that something has a ''Length'' significantly larger than the ''Width'' it must be at least three times longer than wide, so that the generic shape is apparent when it is not rolled up. The depth or height is unspecified, so it can be like a thick wall, or like a a ''SheetOfStuff' that can be free or a ''RollOfStuff''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Longevity :wnsense "longevity2n" ; :wordnet "longevity" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW noun 'longevity': 1. a long individual life; great duration of individual life: Our family is known for its longevity. NOTE: the WN 'longevity' includes 'seniority, old age' but that meaning is not part of this type. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'longevity' in WordNet: 2. longevity, seniority - (the property of being long-lived) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongLived ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Longing :wnsense "hanker1v", "hungriness2n", "long1v", "longing1n", "yearn1v", "yearning1n" ; :wordnet "hanker", "hungriness", "long", "longing", "yearn", "yearning" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Longing'' is an intense ''Desire'' that is not as intense as a ''Compulsion'' and usually is accompanied by some sense of unhappiness because of what is not had. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'longing' in WordNet: 1. (4) longing, yearning, hungriness - (prolonged unfulfilled desire or need) WN verb 'yearn': 1. (4) hanker, long, yearn - (desire strongly or persistently) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unfulfilled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desire ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :LongishObject :en "long object", "longish object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LongishObject'' is a PhysicalObject that is noticeably ''LongerThanWide'', so it can be said to have a ''Length'' more than 30% greater than any other dimension. This can be used for ''LiquidObject''s, so a ''Lake'' that is longer than wide can be described as a ''LongishObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongerThanWide ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Longitude :wnsense "longitude1n" ; :wordnet "longitude" ; a :LocationMeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A measure intended to specify the Longitudinal coordinate of an object or point on or near the surface of some celestial body (not only the Earth). This measure will be expressed as degrees (from 0 to 360), minutes, and seconds, and the seconds may have fractional values. This is intended to be used with the relation 'hasLongitude', and that relation should be conceptually identical to the 'long' property used in the w3c SWIG 'Basic Geo' vocabulary (http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/); however the 'Basic Geo' relation takes a literal as value. NOTE: if other formats are needed, this type may need supplementation or change. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'longitude' in Wordnet: 1. (1) longitude - (the angular distance between a point on any meridian and the prime meridian at Greenwich) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AngularDegree, :LocationMeasure . :Longitude-wise :pertainsTo :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance ; :wnsense "longitudinal1adj" ; :wordnet "longitudinal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Longitude-wise'' is used as an alternative unique label for the term ''Longitudinal'' already used for another meaning of the term 'longitudinal'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'longitudinal' in Wordnet: 1. longitudinal - (of or relating to lines of longitude; 'longitudinal reckoning by the navigator') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Longitudinal :wnsense "longitudinal2adj" ; :wordnet "longitudinal" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Longitudinal'' is a subattribute of 'Horizontal' used i architecture and constrauction to refer to structure parts such as beams that are horizontal, and to forces having a horizontal direction. NOTE: for the 'longitudinal' that pertains to ''Longitude' use ''Longitude-wise''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'longitudinal' in Wordnet: 2. longitudinal - (running lengthwise; 'a thin longitudinal strip'; 'longitudinal measurements of the hull') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Horizontal . :Longtime :en "old" ; :isTheOppositeOf :New, :Recent ; :wnsense "long-standing1adj", "longstanding1adj", "longstanding2adj", "longtime1adj" ; :wordnet "long-standing", "longstanding", "longtime" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Longtime'' in the sense of 'logtime friend' is sometimes expressed as 'old' but in that sense, 'old' does not convey the sense that the thing described is 'old' (meaning itself older than other things of its kind). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'longtime' in WordNet: 1. longtime - (of long duration; 'a longtime friend') WN adjective 'longstanding': 1. (1) longstanding - (having existed for a long time; 'a longstanding friendship'; 'the longstanding conflict') 2. long-standing, longstanding - (having existed or continued for a long time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LookAlike :ldoce "double" ; :wnsense "double3n", "image6n", "look-alike1n" ; :wordnet "double", "image", "look-alike" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LookAlike' is a Person who looks like someone else, not just a famous person. Includes anyone who looks very similar to someone else, not just famous people: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'look-alike' in WordNet: 1. double, image, look-alike - (someone who closely resembles a famous person (especially an actor); 'he could be Gingrich's double'; 'she's the very image of her mother') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SimilarLooking ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Looking :en "look at" ; :ldoce "look", "observe", "regard" ; :wnsense "behold1v", "lay eyes on1v", "look1v", "look2n", "looking at1n", "looking1n", "observe4v", "regard2v" ; :wordnet "behold", "lay eyes on", "look", "looking", "looking at", "observe", "regard" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of Seeing (an event) which is intentional, in that the attention is focused intentionally for at least a brief moment at some specific object or place. NOTE: 'Viewing' is a subtype - should it be a parent?? Includes verb sense 1 of 'look' and sense 4 and part of sense 7 of 'observe', and nouns senses 1 and 2 of 'observation', and verb sense 2 of 'regard', and sense 7 of 'see' in WordNet; the part of sense 7 is that meaning to observe with the eyes. in WordNet: 1. (274) look - (perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards; 'She looked over the expanse of land'; 'Look at your child!'; 'Look - a deer in the backyard!') WN 'observe': 4. (10) observe - (watch attentively; 'Please observe the reaction of these two chemicals') 7. (2) watch, observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on - (follow with the eyes or the mind; 'Keep an eye on the baby, please!'; 'The world is watching Sarajevo'; 'She followed the men with the binoculars') WN 'observation' 1. (26) observation - (the act of making and recording a measurement) 2. (6) observation, observance, watching - (the act of observing; taking a patient look) WN verb 'regard': 2. (19) regard, consider - (look at attentively) WN noun 'looking': 1. (1) look, looking, looking at - (the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually; 'he went out to have a look'; 'his look was fixed on her eyes'; 'he gave it a good looking at'; 'his camera does his looking for him') WN verb 'behold': 1. (7) behold, lay eyes on - (see with attention; 'behold Christ!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Observing, :Seeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Observer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :LookingAroundForSomething :wnsense "look around1v" ; :wordnet "look around" ; a :ActionType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LookingAroundForSomething'' is a ''SearchingForAnObject'' where the Object is a small to Person-sized ''PhysicalObject'' and the looking arond includes a going from one location to another on foot within one building or one other enclosed some such as a garden (e.g. 'where did I put that shovel?' or 'where is the cat hiding?)). Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'look around' in WordNet: 1. (13) look around - (look about oneself; 'look around to see whether you can find the missing document') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SearchingForAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ambulation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Looking ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rummaging ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :LookingForSomething :guid "bd58fb33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "look" ; :wnsense "look4v" ; :wordnet "look" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Perceiving-Voluntary. Each instance of #$LookingForSomething is an event in which an agent searches for some object. Note that #$LookingForSomething includes cases in which the search is successful, and the object is found, as well as cases in which the search is unsuccessful, and the object is not found. NOTE this can be 'looking' in any sense, including searching a computer file,feeling around for something not visible, even an automaton automatically searching a data file. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'look' in WordNet: 4. (8) search, look - (search or seek; 'We looked all day and finally found the child in the forest'; 'Look elsewhere for the perfect gift!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Perceiving-Voluntary . :LookingInsideAnObject :en "looking inside of something", "looking into something" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LookingInsideAnObject'' is a ''Looking'' in which the person doing the ''Looking'' looks through some 'opening' into an object to see something (not necessarily a specific thing) inside, whether or not the thing seen is itself inside the object (as inside a house, seen through a window, or inside a container, or inside an optical device that produces some image inside, as a Kaleidoscope), or is outside the object, as are things viewed through a telescope or microscope or binoculars. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking . :Lookout :wnsense "lookout man1n", "lookout1n", "picket1n", "scout1n", "sentinel1n", "sentry1n", "watch5n" ; :wordnet "lookout", "lookout man", "picket", "scout", "sentinel", "sentry", "watch" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Lookout' is a 'Guard' who protects by keeping watch over a person or persons performing some action. The thing more specific here is that the protected thing(s) is restricted to persons, and is restricted to watching for danger in person by being in the vicinity of the person performing the action. This includes a lookout for someone performing an illegal action such as theft. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lookout': WN noun 'lookout': in WordNet: 1. lookout, lookout man, sentinel, sentry, watch, spotter, scout, picket - (a person employed to watch for something to happen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Guard . :Loom :wnsense "loom1n" ; :wordnet "loom" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Loom'' is a ''TextileMachine'' that is designed to produce a ''BoltOfCloth\" as starting material for woven textiles, by ''Weaving'' threads together Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loom' in Wordnet: 1. (1) loom - (a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextileMachine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weaving ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoltOfCloth ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Looney :wnsense "crazy1n", "looney1n", "loony1n", "weirdo1n" ; :wordnet "crazy", "looney", "loony", "weirdo" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Looney'' is a ''Lunatic'' who not only *is* Insane, but behaves in a noticeably erratic insane manner. Any Distinction between 'nutcase' and 'looney'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'looney' in WordNet: 1. crazy, loony, looney, weirdo - (someone deranged and possibly dangerous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lunatic, :Nutcase . :Loonie :wnsense "loonie1n" ; :wordnet "loonie" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'loonie': Canadian: Informal. a dollar coin. Also, loony. [from the image of a loon on the reverse] """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneCanadianDollar ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :Loop :wnsense "loop2n" ; :wordnet "loop" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object that is LongAndThin and extends in a curve so that the beginning and ending points of the Object touch or come close. This can be part of a larger object (such as one stich in a sewed seam, or one curl of a spiral, or the handle of a teacup). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'loop' in WordNet: 2. loop - (anything with a round or oval shape (formed by a curve that is closed and does not intersect itself)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Configuration, :RoundObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoopShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :LoopShaped :en "loop shaped", "looped" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LoopShaped' is the property of a three-dimensional object that is long and thin, but forms a loop so that it can look like a circle or ellipse; but it can be limp, and not appear circular if folded or twisted. A rubber band is LoopShaped. For Loops that have a flat strip closed on itself, use 'BandShaped'. A LoopShaped object usually does, but need be a continuous closed loop; a single stich in some sewn seam in a garment can be considered LoopShaped. The exact separation that the ends can have and still be considered LoopShaped is not yet (r885) specified,but shoul be less than a quarter-turn. For something having a half (180 degree) loop, the attribute ''U-Shaped'' may apply. One subtype of 'LoopShaped' is 'Toroidal'""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Round . :LoopedBand :ldoce "band" ; :wnsense "band10n", "band11n", "band12n", "band7n", "band9n" ; :wordnet "band" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'BandShapedObject' that is formed into a loop, with no loose ends. Some bands such as hose clamps are only in this category when they are in the circular form, and when the ends are not connected they are BandShapedObjects, but not LoopedBands. The more general category should be used for bands whose ends are not permanently attached. relatively flat bands and more rounded bands such as wedding rings.. Includes noun senses 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of 'band' in WordNet: 7. (1) band - (a thin flat strip of flexible material that is worn around the body or one of the limbs (especially to decorate the body)) 9. ring, band - (jewelry consisting of a circlet of precious metal (often set with jewels) worn on the finger; 'she had rings on every finger'; 'he noted that she wore a wedding band') 10. band - (a thin flat strip or loop of flexible material that goes around or over something else) 11. band, ring - (a strip of material attached to the leg of a bird to identify it (as in studies of bird migration)) 12. band - (a restraint put around something to hold it together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandShapedObject . :LoopedHandle a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LoopedHandle' is a Handle that has a loop (a LoopShaped end) to make grasping more secure. The handles on the end of each blade of a scissors is an example; likewise, the loop on the end of a sword, or on some shovels. A 'Jug' in COSMO is a Container that must have a LoopedHandle,""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoopShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :LoopedPathway a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LoopedPathway'' is a ''LoopedPath'' on the ''EarthsSurface'' that has a length of at least thirty feet (otherwise it could not be traversed as a path by people or vehicles). It is not necessarily in an ''OutdoorLoacation'', as it could be in an indoor arena. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedLoopObject, :Path-Physical, :PlanetarySurfaceObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :LoopedRubberBand :guid "c07849d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "elastic" ; :wnsense "elastic band1n", "elastic1n", "rubber band1n" ; :wordnet "elastic", "elastic band", "rubber band" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LoopedRubberBand'' is a ''RubberBand'' that forms a closed loop, and can be used as a ''Fastener'' by stretching it around a Group of items to be held together.so that it holds them by the compression force created by stretching the ''LoopedRubberBand''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubber band' and noun sense 1 of 'elastic' and sense 1 of 'elastic band' in WordNet: 1. rubber band, elastic band, elastic - - (a narrow band of elastic rubber used to hold things (such as papers) together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :RubberStrip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoopShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingAPressure ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :Loophole :wnsense "loophole1n" ; :wordnet "loophole" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Loophole'' is actually a text that is ambiguous *or* may just contradct the purpose of another Law or Clause in a COntract. This could use more detail when laws ar to be represented in more detail. This type uses the WordNet parent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loophole' in WordNet: 1. (2) loophole - (an ambiguity (especially one in the text of a law or contract) that makes it possible to evade a difficulty or obligation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambiguity, :UsefulThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ambiguous ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EvadingaLaw ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Loose :isTheOppositeOf :Tight ; :ldoce "loose" ; :wnsense "loose1adj", "loose2adj", "loose4adj" ; :wordnet "loose" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Loose' is an AttributeValue of groups of Objects usually two objects, whose contact is not firm, and for which the contact between the objects can vary depending on the time or the orientation of the object group. The basic meaning is that there is *no* physical force causing the objects to remain in contact in such a way that some part of the surface of one remains directly touching some part (often the same part) of the surface of the other object. NOTE that the sense of 'loose' meaning 'unattached' or 'not constrained' (sense 8 in WN. unaffixed, loose - (not affixed; 'the stamp came loose')) is *not* included in this COSMO sense Includes adjective senses 2 and 4 and part of sense 1 of 'loose' in WordNet (*not* included is getting loose, or separated): in WordNet: 1. (7) loose - (not restrained or confined or attached; 'a pocket full of loose bills'; 'knocked the ball loose'; 'got loose from his attacker') 2. (2) loose - (not compact or dense in structure or arrangement; 'loose gravel') 4. (1) loose - (not tight; not closely constrained or constricted or constricting; 'loose clothing'; 'the large shoes were very loose') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LooseFitting :wnsense "loose4adj" ; :wordnet "loose" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LooseFitting' is an AttributeValue of Garments that do not cling to the body of the wearer, and leave air gaps between the garment ad the body or another garment beneath the outer one, depending on the position of the body. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'loose' in Wordnet: 4. (1) loose - (not tight; not closely constrained or constricted or constricting; 'loose clothing'; 'the large shoes were very loose') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Loosening :en "loosening" ; :wnsense "loose3v", "loosen1v" ; :wordnet "loose", "loosen" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Loosening'' is any action that makes an assembly of two or more objects ''Loose'', not ''Tight'' and thus able to slide against or rattle against each other, or to be pulled away from each other. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'loosen' in WordNet: 1. (5) loosen, loose - (make loose or looser; 'loosen the tension on a rope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImpartingAnAttribute, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loose ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tightening ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :LordNoble :ldoce "lord" ; :wnsense "lord3n" ; :wordnet "lord" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LordNoble' is a MalePerson who has inherited or been granted the title of 'Lord',a title of nobility in some countries. An inherited title does not need to be held by an adult. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'lord' in WordNet: 3. (1) Lord, noble, nobleman - (a titled peer of the realm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson, :MemberOfTheNobility . :LordOfTheRings :existsInContext :MiddleEarth ; :hasTopic :Hobbit ; a :FantasyStory . :Lordship :wnsense "Lordship1n" ; :wordnet "Lordship" ; a :FormOfAddress ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lordship' in WordNet: 1. (2) Lordship - (a title used to address any British peer except a duke and extended to a bishop or a judge; 'Your Lordship'; 'His Lordship') """ . :Lore :wnsense "lore1n", "traditional knowledge1n" ; :wordnet "lore", "traditional knowledge" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Lore is a Group of accepted bits of ''Knowledge'' held and passed down within some GroupOfPeople. This can be folklore or technical lore, any kind. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lore' in WordNet: 1. (4) lore, traditional knowledge - (knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote; 'early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tradition ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proposition ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Lorry :wnsense "camion1n", "lorry1n" ; :wordnet "camion", "lorry" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lorry' in WordNet: 2. lorry, camion - (a large truck designed to carry heavy loads; usually without sides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Truck . :Loser :wnsense "also-ran1n", "loser1n" ; :wordnet "also-ran", "loser" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Loser' is a 'Contestant' who lost a ConflictEvent. This needs more detail, as in 'Winner'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loser' in WordNet: 1. (2) loser, also-ran - (a contestant who loses the contest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contestant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingaContest ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :LosingAPhysicalObject :ldoce "lose" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :FindingAPhysicalObject ; :wnsense "lose1v", "lose5v" ; :wordnet "lose" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any event in which a physical object, having been in possession of person, is lost, permanently, or temporarily, including misplacing and forgetting where it was placed. Includes verb senses 4 and 5 and part of sense 1 of 'lose' in WordNet: 1. (125) lose - (fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense; 'She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat') 5. (6) lose - (miss from one's possessions; lose sight of; 'I've lost my glasses again!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :LosingSomething . :LosingBodilyVitality a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LosingBodilyVitality'' is an Action in which some Animal (uaully a Person) experiences a reduction in her/his usual ''Vigour'' (heartiness, feeling of strength). And becomes less inclined and/or able to perform physical or mental tasks at the usual pace and effectiveness. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LosingSomething, :Weakening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vitality ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :LosingControlOfAControlledObject :en "lose control of something" ; :eng "losing control of something" ; :guid "bd58e3f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC called 'LosingControlOfAControlledActor': CYC: A specialization of #$Action and #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some #$IntelligentAgent loses control of something it had been previously controlling (this may be its own body). A notable specialization of this collection is #$TransferOfControl. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent . :LosingCulturalHeritage :en "losing a cultural heritage" ; :enn "losing a cultural heritage" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LosingCulturalHeritage'' is the loss of ''Heritage'' which can be gradual, as in the 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' or sudden,as when one grooup conquers another and destroys its artifacts and libraries. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :LosingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :worsens ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Renaissance ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ] . :LosingFunctionEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LosingFunctionEvent' is the most generic type of Event in which some PhysicalObject loses some significant function. This can be breaking, destruction, dying, or other. This is a broad sense, including minor losses of original integrity such as cracking that does not significantly impair function - but must cause some loss of original purpose or design. For actual loss of function, use the subtype 'BreakingEvent'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent ; owl:disjointWith :PersistingEvent . :LosingHair :guid "be1fbb40-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bald1v" ; :wordnet "bald" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'HairLoss'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bald' in WordNet: 1. bald - (grow bald; lose hair on one's head; 'He is balding already') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition . :LosingScore a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LosingScore'' is an Integer that is the FinalScore for the Loser of a ''DualScoreEvent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndividualScore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loser ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ] . :LosingSomething :ldoce "lose" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :GainingSomething ; :wnsense "deprivation2n", "lose1v", "loss5n" ; :wordnet "deprivation", "lose", "loss" ; a :EventType, :LossType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LosingSomething'' is the most general sense of 'lose' or 'loss'. This is any event in which something - an Object, a Function, an attribute, a part, or something that is a ''ValuableThing'' for any Agent - is lost (ceases to exist for that agent) in part or in total, in any fashion, by destruction, theft, misplacing or death of an animal. This differs from the closely related ''PersonalLoss'' in that the agent that suffers this type of loss can be any IntentionalAgent. The most general sense of 'loss' in WN is noun sense 5 of 'loss', and verb sense 1 of 'lose' seems to fit this concept: in WordNet: 5. (20) loss, deprivation - (the disadvantage that results from losing something; 'his loss of credibility led to his resignation'; 'losing him is no great deprivation') WN verb 'lose': 1. (125) lose - (fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense; 'She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :DestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GainingSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lost ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingSomething ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :LosingaContest :guid "bd589ab6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bd6bf223-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lose", "loss" ; :wnsense "lose2v", "loss1n" ; :wordnet "lose", "loss" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LosingaContest' is a broad sense of 'Losing' including Losing at trivial games, Losing a war, Losing a court case, or Losing some prize in a gamble, among other things. See 'WinningaContest' for more detail. For losing something in other ways, such as losing a loved one, see 'PersonalLoss' and its subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lose' and sense 1 of 'loss' in WordNet: 2. (17) lose - (fail to win; 'We lost the battle but we won the war') WN 'loss': 1. (315) loss - (the act of losing; 'everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConflictEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :WinningaContest ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConflictEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConflictEvent ] . :LosingaLovedOne :en "losing a loved one", "loss of a loved one" ; :wnsense "loss7n" ; :wordnet "loss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LosingaLovedOne'' is a ''PersonalLoss'' in which the thing lost is a ''LovedOne'' (a Person) that was dearly loved and whose loss causes ''Grief'' (deep sorrow). Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'loss' in WordNet: 7. (15) loss - (the experience of losing a loved one; 'he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PersonalLoss, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grief ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ; owl:someValuesFrom :LovedOne ] . :LosingaPerson :wnsense "lose3v" ; :wordnet "lose" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One can experience ''LosingaPerson'' by death or by other means. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'lose' in WordNet: 3. (10) lose - (suffer the loss of a person through death or removal; 'She lost her husband in the war'; 'The couple that wanted to adopt the child lost her when the biological parents claimed her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :LosingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonType :Person ) ] ] . :LosingaPetAnimal :en "losing a pet", "losing a pet animal", "loss of a pet", "loss of a pet animal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LosingaPetAnimal'' is a ''PersonalLoss'' in which the thing lost is a ''DomesticPet'' (a Pet animal) that was loved and whose loss causes ''Sorrow''. NOTE: this should be applied to losses that cause sorrow, so it may not apply to loss of all pet animals if they are not much loved. That kind of loss would still be an instance of the parent ''PersonalLoss''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PersonalLoss, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grief ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ; owl:someValuesFrom :DomesticPet ] . :Loss :wnsense "loss1n" ; :wordnet "loss" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'loss' in WordNet: 2. (276) loss - (something that is lost; 'the car was a total loss'; 'loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingSomething ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :LossType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some subtype of 'PersonalLoss' as one of their arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :EventType . :Lost :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :LosingSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Available, :Present-NotAbsent ; :wnsense "lost1n" ; :wordnet "lost" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Lost'' is 'Absent' because it was the *object of a ''LosingSomething'' Event. It is no longer ''Available''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lost' in WordNet: 1. (5) lost - (no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered; 'a lost child'; 'lost friends'; 'his lost book'; 'lost opportunities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absent . :Lot :ldoce "lot" ; :wnsense "lot2n" ; :wordnet "lot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of RealEstate (the physical objects occupying the Earth's surface in some geographical area) which is sold and/or recorded as being owned or bought by one buyer in one transaction. This is the unit of RealEstate that is numbered and taxed by local governments. This includes not only the land itself, but all improvements on it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lot' in WordNet: 2. (101) lot - (a parcel of land having fixed boundaries; 'he bought a lot on the lake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlotOfLand, :RealEstate . :LotOfThings :en "a lot of", "lots of" ; :ldoce "lot", "plenty" ; :wnsense "batch2n", "deal3n", "flock3n", "good deal1n", "great deal1n", "hatful1n", "heap2n", "lot1n", "mass2n", "mess6n", "mint1n", "peck1n", "pile2n", "plenty2n", "pot5n", "raft2n", "slew1n", "spate1n", "stack1n", "tidy sum1n", "wad1n", "whole lot1n", "whole slew1n" ; :wordnet "batch", "deal", "flock", "good deal", "great deal", "hatful", "heap", "lot", "mass", "mess", "mint", "peck", "pile", "plenty", "pot", "raft", "slew", "spate", "stack", "tidy sum", "wad", "whole lot", "whole slew" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LotOfThings is a Group of four or more entities. This is the sense in phrases like 'a lot of people' where 'a lot of' is equivalent to 'many'. See also 'Alot', a VerbalQuantifier that provides an alternative means of handling the 'a lot' or 'plenty of' phrase. Minimum cardinality >20? See also 'ALot' for a related sense (@ToDo: relation?) This corresponds to sense 14 of 'lot' in RHW: 14. Often, lots. a great many or a great deal: a lot of books; lots of money. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lot' and sense 2 of 'plenty' in WordNet: 1. (564) batch, deal, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap, lot, mass, mess, mickle, mint, muckle, peck, pile, plenty, pot, quite a little, raft, sight, slew, spate, stack, tidy sum, wad, whole lot, whole slew - ((often followed by 'of') a large number or amount or extent; 'a batch of letters'; 'a deal of trouble'; 'a lot of money'; 'he made a mint on the stock market'; 'it must have cost plenty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "20"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :LotsOf :en "a lot of", "lots of", "no little" ; :enadj "a lot of", "lots of", "no little" ; :wnsense "much1adj" ; :wordnet "much" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :VerbalQuantifier, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LotsOf'' is a subclass of 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' serving as a quantifier that is relative or vague, but contrasts with 'few' or 'a little'. Compare similar ''Many'' that can be used with count nouns. This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'much' in Wordnet: 1. (137) much - ((quantifier used with mass nouns) great in quantity or degree or extent; 'not much rain'; 'much affection'; 'much grain is in storage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighValued, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute . :LotsOfInformation :en "lots of information" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LotsOfInformation'' is a ''QuantityOfSomething'' that is an indefinite but large quantity of indefinite types of ''InformationObject''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LotsOf ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :LotsOfTrees :en "lots of trees", "plenty of trees" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LotsOfTrees'' is a ''Group'' of more than a few ''Tree''s, characteristic of a ''Forest'' or other wooded area more than an acre. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LotOfThings, :MobOfThings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Tree ; owl:minCardinality "200"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Lottery :guid "c0a2c513-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "drawing4n", "lottery2n" ; :wordnet "drawing", "lottery" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Lottery is a kind of #$Drawing-RandomSelection in which participants buy numbered tickets to enter and those whose ticket numbers are selected as winning numbers win prizes. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lottery' in WordNet: 2. lottery, drawing - (players buy (or are given) chances and prizes are distributed by casting lots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drawing-RandomSelection . :LotusPosition :wnsense "lotus position1n" ; :wordnet "lotus position" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''LotusPosition'' is a ''Posture'' that is used to assist ''Meditating'' in yoga. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lotus position' in WordNet: 1. lotus position - (a sitting position with the legs crossed; used in yoga) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Posture, :SittingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meditating ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Loud :isTheOppositeOf :Soft-Sound ; :ldoce "loud" ; :wnsense "loud1adj" ; :wordnet "loud" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Loud' is a verbal value for sound intensity that specifies that the decidel level is uncomfortable or inconvenient to some person(s). This attribute is relative, and an absolute decibel value that is loud to one person may be soft to another; in part this depends on hearing acuity. Coresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'loud' in WordNet, 1. (50) loud - (characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity; 'a group of loud children'; 'loud thunder'; 'her voice was too loud'; 'loud trombones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LoudNoise :wnsense "blare1n", "blaring1n", "cacophony1n", "clamor1n", "clatter1n", "din1n" ; :wordnet "blare", "blaring", "cacophony", "clamor", "clatter", "din" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LoudNoise'' is any ,,Noise'' that is ''Loud'' enough to be annoying or to interfere with normal verbal communication or hearing, and persists longer than a ''Bang''. Loud talking by several people is included, as is loud banging of machinery as in a 'Boiler room', multiple vehicles honking horns, etc. RHW 'clatter': 3. to talk fast and noisily; chatter: They clattered on and on about their children. NOTE: this is a general concept. A narrower sense of 'clatter' is more appropriately a subtype, but that word is used for this meaning as well as the more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'din' in WordNet: 1. (9) blare, blaring, cacophony, clamor, din - (a loud harsh or strident noise) WN noun 'clatter': 1. (4) clatter - (a rattling noise (often produced by rapid movement); 'the shutters clattered against the house'; 'the clatter of iron wheels on cobblestones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conversation ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Loudly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Loud ; :wnsense "aloud2adv", "loud1adv", "loudly1adv" ; :wordnet "aloud", "loud", "loudly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Loudly'' is an AdverbialModifier asserting that the action modified by this type (usually speech but also music or banging sounds) was ''Loud''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'loudly' in WordNet: 1. (10) loudly, loud, aloud - (with relatively high volume; 'the band played loudly'; 'she spoke loudly and angrily'; 'he spoke loud enough for those at the back of the room to hear him'; 'cried aloud for help') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Loudmouth :wnsense "blusterer1n", "loudmouth1n" ; :wordnet "blusterer", "loudmouth" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For the type that tells important secrets ('spilling the beans') use subtype ''Blabbermouth''. This can be one who tells idle gossip. RHW 'loudmouthed': loud, gossipy, or indiscreet; vociferous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loudmouth' in WordNet: 1. loudmouth, blusterer - (a person who causes trouble by speaking indiscreetly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Troublemaker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Indiscreet ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisclosingaSecret ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Loudmouthed :en "loudmouthed" ; :enadj "loudmouthed" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Loudmouth, :Person ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a ''Loudmouth', being Annoying by being overly ''Talkative'' (in any sense). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoying, :Talkative . :Louse :guid "bf82cb70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "louse1n", "sucking louse1n" ; :wordnet "louse", "sucking louse" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small parasitic insect that infests animals with hair. The plant louse would be a different type. CYC: The collection of insects which can give a person a medical condition known as 'head lice' (see #$HeadLice-Condition). Having such an condition is usually associated with poor hygiene. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'louse' in WordNet: 1. (2) louse, sucking louse - (wingless usually flattened bloodsucking insect parasitic on warm-blooded animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodFeedingArthropod, :Insect, :Parasite, :Vermin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.01"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Lice ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Lousy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Lice ; :wnsense "lousy2adj" ; :wordnet "lousy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being ''Lousy'' is being ''Infested'' with lice. \"Louse\" Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lousy' in Wordnet: 2. (2) lousy - (infested with lice; 'burned their lousy clothes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Infested . :LousyRotten :isMoreIntenseThan :Awful ; :perceivingCausesMentalEvent :Disgust ; :wnsense "crappy1adj", "icky1adj", "lousy1adj", "rotten1adj", "shitty1adj", "stinking1adj", "stinky2adj" ; :wordnet "crappy", "icky", "lousy", "rotten", "shitty", "stinking", "stinky" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LousyRotten'' is an attribute of things (objects or events) that are of very poor quality or seriously disappoint expectations. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lousy' in Wordnet: 1. (3) icky, crappy, lousy, rotten, shitty, stinking, stinky - (very bad; 'a lousy play'; 'it's a stinking world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awful, :VeryBad . :Love :hasContrastingFeeling :Dislike, :Hatred ; :ldoce "love" ; :wnsense "love1n", "love1v" ; :wordnet "love" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the most generic Feeling of ''Love'', including 'love' of certain actions or inanimate objects - e.g. to 'love' one's home. Subtypes include ''LovingAnAgent'' (animals, including pets and people) and ''Love-Romantic'' (for people only). More general than the CYC 'love' - see ''LovingAnAgent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'love' in WordNet: 1. (42) love - (a strong positive emotion of regard and affection; 'his love for his work'; 'children need a lot of love') WN verb 'love': 1. (43) love - (have a great affection or liking for; 'I love French food'; 'She loves her boss and works hard for him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affection, :DirectedFeeling . :Love-Romantic :en "loving someone", "romantic love" ; :guid "be010a35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "love" ; :wnsense "erotic love1n", "love3v", "love4n", "sexual love1n" ; :wordnet "erotic love", "love", "sexual love" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subcollection of #$Love that is romantic love - to be distinguished from love between parents and children or between people and their pets. This type is not necessarily sexual, though WN does not have this broader sense. Also, this is not necessarily mutual, so the object of ''Love-Romantic'' is not necessarily a ''Lover''. WordNet does not have a non-family 'love' that is not also involved with sexual attraction. The closest is: in WordNet: 4. (1) love, sexual love, erotic love - (a deep feeling of sexual desire and attraction; 'their love left them indifferent to their surroundings'; 'she was his first love') WN verb 'love: 3. (13) love - (be enamored or in love with; 'She loves her husband deeply') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LovingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lover ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :LoveStory :wnsense "love story1n", "romance4n" ; :wordnet "love story", "romance" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LoveStory'' is a Fiction whose main theme is two people falling into and perhaps out of love. Also called a 'romance'. This narrates a fictional ''Romance'', which may include other topics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'love story' in WordNet: 1. love story, romance - (a story dealing with love) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalStory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FictionalContext ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Romance ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Loved :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :LovingAnAgent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Despised ; :wnsense "loved1adj" ; :wordnet "loved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'loved' in Wordnet: 1. loved - (held dear; 'his loved companion of many years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :LovedOne :wnsense "beloved1n", "love3n", "loved one1n" ; :wordnet "beloved", "love", "loved one" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LovedOne'' is a 'Friend' (and/or a family member) whom one loves. The relationship is stronger than mere 'friendship'. For non-family members,it need not imply a sexual relationship, but in that case is commonly a romantic relationship.. Not every family member is a ''LovedOne''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'loved one' in WordNet: 1. beloved, dear, dearest, loved one, honey, love - (a beloved person; used as terms of endearment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Companion, :Friend . :Lovely :wnsense "lovely1adj" ; :wordnet "lovely" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lovely'' is a subattribute of ''Appealing'' suggesting a more intense pleasing response than 'Appealing'.and suggesting some degree of beauty in appearance or action. Includes all 4 seses of 'lovely' in RHW: 1. charmingly or exquisitely beautiful: a lovely flower. 2. having a beauty that appeals to the heart or mind as well as to the eye, as a person or a face. 3. delightful; highly pleasing: to have a lovely time. 4. of a great moral or spiritual beauty: a lovely character. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'appealing' in WordNet: 1. (10) lovely - (appealing to the emotions as well as the eye) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appealing, :Beautiful, :Pleasant . :Lover :wnsense "lover1n" ; :wordnet "lover" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''Lover''' is a Person who has feelings of ''Love-Romantic'' for another Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lover' in WordNet: 1. (7) lover - (a person who loves or is loved) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friend, :PartyInRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loving ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Love-Romantic ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Loving :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :LovingAnAgent ; :wnsense "loving1adj" ; :wordnet "loving" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing a deep Fondness equivalent to ''Love' (for some animal or Person). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'loving' in WordNet: 1. (3) loving - (feeling or showing love and affection; 'loving parents'; 'loving glances') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fond . :LovingAnAgent :guid "bd589433-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "love1n" ; :wordnet "love" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a subtype of the generic ''Love'' in which the object of the affection is an Animal - a Person or a Pet animal. The CYC 'Love' seems to be more generic, but CYC 'Love' is equated with this more specific love, as CYC does not have the more generic type. NOTE: A 'loved one' would be related to this by ''wasTheDirectObjectOf'' (this Feelng). Not yet represented. CYC: ('Love'): Strong affection for another agent arising out of kinship or personal ties. Love may be felt towards things, too: warm attachment, enthusiasm, or devotion. This does not, however, mean something as specialized/metaphorical as 'Fred loves to eat ice cream' or 'Ethel loves to get her way.' #$Love is a collection, as further explained under #$Happiness. Specialized forms of #$Love are #$Love-Romantic, platonic love, maternal love, infatuation, agape, etc. No exact correspondence to any sense of'love' in WordNet - the closest is sense 1. See ''Love-Romantic'' for the more specific 'love' between lovers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'love' in WordNet: 1. (42) love - (a strong positive emotion of regard and affection; 'his love for his work'; 'children need a lot of love') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Love, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ] . :Low :isAnAttributeValueOf :Altitude ; :isTheOppositeOf :High ; :ldoce "low" ; :wnsense "low2adj" ; :wordnet "low" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects that are or whose top is at an elevation only slightly above the local base of the terrain, or noticeably less than the norm for objects of that type. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'low' in WordNet the sense of measure in 'a foot high' is not part of this type: in WordNet: 2. (23) low - (literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; 'low ceilings'; 'low clouds'; 'low hills'; 'the sun is low'; 'low furniture'; 'a low bow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Low-Income :en "low-income" ; :enadj "low-income" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :LowIncomeGroup, :LowIncomePerson ; :pertainsTo :LowIncomeGroup, :LowIncomePerson ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Low-Income'' pertains to a ''Person'' or ''GroupOfPeople'' that have significantly less than the median ''PersonaIncome''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Low-Keyed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Style ; :isTheOppositeOf :Gaudy ; :wnsense "low-key1adj", "low-keyed1adj", "subdued2adj" ; :wordnet "low-key", "low-keyed", "subdued" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'low-keyed' in Wordnet: 1. low-key, low-keyed, subdued - (restrained in style or quality; 'a little masterpiece of low-keyed eloquence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LowDensity :en "lightweight", "low density", "low-density" ; :enadj "lightweight", "low density", "low-density" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalSubstance ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LowDensity'' is an attribute of objects or substances whose density (and therefore weight) is noticeably lower than other things in the same general category. For example, aluminum is a ''LowDensity'' metal, and styrofoam is a ''LowDensity'' material for making ice coolers. Close to senses 1 and 2 of 'lightweight' in RW: 1. light in weight. 2. being lighter in weight, texture, etc., than another item or object of identical use, quality, or function: a lightweight topcoat; a lightweight alloy for ship construction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Light-NotHeavy . :LowFat :en "low-fat" ; :enadj "low-fat" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :LowFatSubstance ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LowFat'' is an attribute of Objects or substances that have less than the typical proportion of ''FattySubstance''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deficient . :LowFatSubstance :en "low-fat substance" ; :enn "low-fat substance" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LowFatSubstance'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' that has less than the typical proportion of ''FattySubstance'' in it. e.g. 'lowfat milk'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FattySubstance ; owl:onProperty :isDeficientIn ] . :LowIncomeGroup :en "low-income group" ; :enn "low-income group" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LowIncomeGroup'' is a 'GroupOfPeople'' each of whom has significantly less income than the average, though not necessarily so low as to qualify as a ''PoorPerson''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LowIncomePerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Low-Income ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LowIncomePerson a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LowIncomePerson'' is a Person who has significantly less income than the average, though not necessarily so low as to qualify as a ''PoorPerson''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wage ; owl:onProperty :isDeficientIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Low-Income ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :WealthyPerson . :LowPitch :hasQuantifier :LowSoundRange ; :hasSecondElement :LowSoundRange ; a :AudiblePitch . :LowPriority :en "low priority" ; a :ProrityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LowPriority'' is the lowest of three levels of priority (least importance, or urgency) for tasks under consideration. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PriorityLevel . :LowRank :hasNumericalAbbreviation "low" ; :hasOrderNumber "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; a :OrdinalNumber . :LowSoundRange :hasLowerLimit "16"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "200"^^xsd:float ; a :NumberRange . :LowStatus :wnsense "low status1n", "lowliness2n", "lowness1n" ; :wordnet "low status", "lowliness", "lowness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'low status' in WordNet: 1. low status, lowness, lowliness - (a position of inferior status; low in station or rank or fortune or estimation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Status . :LowValued :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalAttribute, :QuantitativeAttributeValue ; :ldoce "low" ; :wnsense "low1adj" ; :wordnet "low" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LowValued' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and is applied to values of ''PhysicalAttribute''s that are ordered in some way, such as temperature, IQ, speed, hardness, age. This attribute implies some average or most common value relative to which the property is lesser or smaller. In some cases in COSMO, such relative attributes as 'high' and 'low' are represented directly, as in 'HighBodyTemperature', 'HighReflectance', 'HighlyCredible'. @TODo R1015: The method to relate this attribute to the more specific attributes such as above is not clear. Perhaps such attribute values are subtypes of this one?? Corresponds to *part* ('amount') adjective sense 1 of 'low' in WordNet: 1. (58) low - (less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; 'low prices'; 'the reservoir is low') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Lower :isAnAttributeValueOf :Altitude ; :isTheOppositeOf :Higher ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Lower' is An AttributeValue of stationary PhysicalObjects the altitude (in a gravitational field) of whose top is below the altitude of some other object. This relation does not require that the objects be directly above and below each other. This corresponds closely to the relation 'isBelow', but its use is closer to the linguistic comparative form, where one can say 'the lower mountain' and mean 'the mountain that isBelow' the other mountain'. . In this usage, it selects from two objects the one that is lower. This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a function in an FOL implementation: it takes a pair of objects and selects the lower one. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :LowerBody :en "hips and legs", "lower body", "lower half of the body", "lower part of the body" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''LowerBody'' is the part of a person that is below the Waist. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waist ; owl:onProperty :isBelow ] . :LowerCase :isAnAttributeValueOf :LowerCaseLetter ; :wnsense "lowercase1adj" ; :wordnet "lowercase" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lowercase' in Wordnet: 1. lowercase - (relating to small (not capitalized) letters that were kept in the lower half of a compositor's type case; 'lowercase letters; a and b and c etc') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :LowerCaseLetter :wnsense "lower-case letter1n", "lowercase1n", "minuscule1n", "small letter1n" ; :wordnet "lower-case letter", "lowercase", "minuscule", "small letter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A ''LowerCaseLetter'' is a ''PhysicalCharacter'' that is a letter of some alphabet in 'lower case', which in English is the dominant case, used for most words except for proper nouns where the first letter is in upper case, and for the first letter of a sentence, which is in upper case. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lower-case letter' in WordNet: 1. small letter, lowercase, lower-case letter, minuscule - (the characters that were once kept in bottom half of a compositor's type case) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalCharacter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LowerCase ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LowerCrust :isDesignedToContain :PieFilling ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The baked dough which forms the lower crust of a Pie. The LowerCrust is a container which holds the contents, the PieFilling.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpenTopContainer, :PieCrust, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieFilling ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :LowerMiddleClass :en "lower middle class" ; :enn "lower middle class" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'LowerMiddleClass'' is that less-well-paid part of the ''WorkingClass'' with only sufficient income to support a ''ModestComfort'' Lifestyle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingClass . :LowerRanking :wnsense "inferior3adj", "junior-grade1adj", "low-level2adj", "lower-ranking1adj", "lowly2adj", "petty1adj", "secondary2adj", "subaltern1adj", "subordinate1adj", "subordinate4adj" ; :wordnet "inferior", "junior-grade", "low-level", "lower-ranking", "lowly", "petty", "secondary", "subaltern", "subordinate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LowerRanking'' characterizes things that have a 'lower' formal rank in some Organization hierarchy. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'inferior' and sense 1 of 'subordinate' in Wordnet: 3. (1) junior-grade, inferior, lower-ranking, lowly, petty, secondary, subaltern, subordinate - (inferior in rank or status; 'the junior faculty'; 'a lowly corporal'; 'petty officialdom'; 'a subordinate functionary') WN adj 'subordinate': 1. (2) subordinate, low-level - (lower in rank or importance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inferior . :Lowered :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Lowering ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Lowered'' is an AttributeValue of ''PhysicalObject''s that have experienced a ''Lowering'', whether by an agent or by some natural process. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Lowering :en "lowering" ; :ldoce "lower" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :Raising ; :wnsense "lower1v" ; :wordnet "lower" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Lowering' is an Action (not necessarily caused by an IntelligentAgent) in which some agent causes a PhysicalObject to move downward, toward the center of gravity. This is for moving PhysicalObjects; for the more general 'lowering' of quantities, use 'DecreaseEvent'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lower' in WordNet: 1. (16) lower, take down, let down, get down, bring down - (move something or somebody to a lower position; 'take down the vase from the shelf') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :MotionDownward . :LoweringaValue :ldoce "lower" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :RaisingaValue ; :wnsense "lower1v" ; :wordnet "lower" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LoweringaValue' is an Action in which some agent (not necessarily an ''IntelligentAgent'') causes some quantitative value to decrease. The object of this Action is an Attribute or some other intangible thing which may or may not be quantitatively measurable. For the lowering of a quantitatively measurable value of something, use the subtype ''DepressingaValue''. For intransitive Events where some value decreases without the effort of an Agent (spontaneously) use ''Fading'' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lower' in WordNet: 2. (6) lower, lour - (set lower; 'lower a rating'; 'lower expectations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Lowest :en "lowest" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Altitude ; :isTheOppositeOf :Highest ; :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute :Low ; :isaHigherLevelOf :Higher ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Highest' is An AttributeValue of stationary PhysicalObjects, either: (1) the altitude (in a gravitational field) of whose top is elevated below (has a lower numerical value) the altitude of all other objects of the same type in some region or context; or, (2) for *parts* of 'PhysicalObjects'', whose elevations is less than the elevation of all other parts of *that object* of which it is a part. This corresponds closely to the relation 'isBelow', but its use is closer to the linguistic superlative form, where one can say 'the lowest mountain' referencing all other mountains in some region or in some category. This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a function in an FOL implementation: it takes a Group of objects and selects the lowest one. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :Lowland :wnsense "lowland1n" ; :wordnet "lowland" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lowland'' is a 'GeographicalDepresson' that has an extend in two perpendicular directions greater than one mile. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lowland' in WordNet: 1. (1) lowland - (low level country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalDepresson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeographicallyLow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Loyal :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Loyalty ; :ldoce "faithful", "loyal" ; :wnsense "faithful1adj", "faithful2adj", "faithful3adj", "loyal1adj" ; :wordnet "faithful", "loyal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute 'Loyal' specifies a more intense degree of commitment to the object of Loyalty than does 'Faithful'. In COSMO, being 'Loyal' means that, beyond being merely 'Faithful' to a person, group, cause, or principle, the person who is 'Loyal' is willing to endure personal discomfort and sacrifice, sometimes even to the point of death, in order to serve or defend the object of Loyalty. Also note that the corresponding Feeling - 'Loyalty' is an Emotion, because is stronger than a simple Feeling. NOTE that 'loyal' is a subtype of 'Faithful' - being Loyal implies being Faithful. Although both RWH and Wordnet define 3 or 4 senses of 'Loyal', in COSMO 'Loyal' does not differentiate among those senses, which appear to reflect differences in the types of things to which one may be loyal. Sense 4 of 'loyal' in RHW appears to be differentiated by the use of the term to modify Actions rather than people. As with 'Reliable' and 'Faithful', when these attributes are used to modify actions, the interpretation is that the attribute applies to the person who performed the action, as evidenced by the action or its manner of performance. Each type of object of loyalty (friend, country, principle) may be viewed as defining a different subtype of loyalty, but the differences are not distinct enough to create a need for differentiation at this first level of primitive concepts. However, 'patriotic' is sufficiently specific to be a separate subtype of this type. When it is possible to distinguish the behavioral differences that characterize the different subtypes of 'Loyal', then subtypes may be added. At this point the behavioral differences in being loyal to one's friend, one's country, or one's principles are too nuanced to be easily described (other than 'Patriotic') and therefore may not be properly distinguished in text. RHW senses of 'Loyal' (all are included here): 1. faithful to one's sovereign, government, or state: a loyal subject. 2. faithful to one's oath, commitments, or obligations: to be loyal to a vow. 3. faithful to any leader, party, or cause, or to any person or thing conceived as deserving fidelity: a loyal friend. 4. characterized by or showing faithfulness to commitments, vows, allegiance, obligations, etc.: loyal conduct. The usage suggested by Random House Webster is: 1, 3. true, devoted, staunch. 3. FAITHFUL, CONSTANT, LOYAL imply qualities of stability, dependability, and devotion. FAITHFUL implies long-continued and steadfast fidelity to whatever one is bound to by a pledge, duty, or obligation: a faithful friend. CONSTANT suggests firmness and steadfastness in attachment: a constant affection. LOYAL implies unswerving allegiance to a person, organization, cause, or idea: loyal to one's associates, one's country. Usage of the corresponding nouns: 2. fealty, devotion, constancy. LOYALTY, ALLEGIANCE, FIDELITY all imply a sense of duty or of devoted attachment to something or someone. LOYALTY connotes sentiment and the feeling of devotion that one holds for one's country, creed, family, friends, etc. ALLEGIANCE applies particularly to a citizen's duty to his or her country, or, by extension, one's obligation to support a party, cause, leader, etc. FIDELITY implies unwavering devotion and allegiance to a person, principle, etc. Ant. faithlessness. WordNet senses of 'loyal' (all are included here): in WordNet: 1. (6) loyal - (steadfast in allegiance or duty; 'loyal subjects'; 'loyal friends stood by him') 2. patriotic, loyal - (inspired by love for your country) 3. firm, loyal, truehearted, fast - (unwavering in devotion to friend or vow or cause; 'a firm ally'; 'loyal supporters'; 'the true-hearted soldier...of Tippecanoe'- Campaign song for William Henry Harrison; 'fast friends') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Faithful . :Loyalty :guid "bd58957e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "loyalty" ; :wnsense "loyalty1n", "loyalty2n", "trueness2n" ; :wordnet "loyalty", "trueness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Emotion that combines Feelings of Respect and Faithfulness to something or someone . Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'loyalty' in WordNet: 2. (2) loyalty - (feelings of allegiance) WN noun 'loyalty': 1. (7) loyalty, trueness - (the quality of being loyal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionalState, :Faithfulness, :Respect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loyal ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Lozenge :guid "c10059b5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lozenge1n" ; :wordnet "lozenge" ; a :DosageFormType, :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: the collection of all lozenges. A Lozenge is a medicated candy which dissolves in the mouth. This is only for the type of lozenge that dissolves easily, though gradually - i.e. it is not intended to be swallowed and has no slow-release coating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lozenge' in Wordnet: 1. lozenge - (a small aromatic or medicated candy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DosageForm, :OralDrugObject, :Pill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soluble ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Lubricant :guid "bd5894d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lubricant1n" ; :wordnet "lubricant" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalSubstance that, when present between two solid objects, reduces friction between them and reduces wear from the objects rubbing together. COMO note: interpreted in COSMO as a Substance. Usually a liquid or semisolid (grease), but not necessarily so (e.g. powdered graphite). Cyc: The set of coverings that lubricate, and thus protects against damage resulting from physical contact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lubricant' in Wordnet: 1. lubricant, lubricator, lubricating substance, lube - (a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slippery ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lubricating ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Lubricating :wnsense "lubricate1v", "lubricate2v" ; :wordnet "lubricate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lubricating'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in which some object(s) become ''Slippery'' or ''Greasy'', or at least more ''Slippery'' than prior to the ''Lubricating'' Event.. This also causes an increase in 'slipperiness' but that is not yet represented. NOTE that the division of WordNet senses 1 and 2 of 'lubricate' suggest that sense 1 is the application of lubricant, whether or not the object becomes slippery, whereas sense 2 requires that the object become slippery through the lubrication process. Thus sense 2 could be a subtype of sense 1. Leave for a future elaboration when needed. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'lubricate' in WordNet: 2. lubricate, lube - (apply a lubricant to; 'lubricate my car') 3. lubricate - (make slippery or smooth through the application of a lubricant; 'lubricate the key') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slippery ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lubricant ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :LubricatingOil :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; :ldoce "oil" ; :wnsense "oil1n" ; :wordnet "oil" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'LubricatingOil' comes in various types and has various sources - the common '3-in-1 oil' used at home is only one. See also 'MotorOil'. Often referred to simply as 'oil' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil' in WordNet: 1. (11) oil - (a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lubricant, :Oil, :PetroleumProduct-Refined . :Lucid :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "coherent2adj", "logical1adj", "logical4adj", "lucid3adj" ; :wordnet "coherent", "logical", "lucid" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lucid'' is the attribute of a Person or Device or Procedure that can use valid 'logic' and reasoning; most digital computers use logic in basic operations, but may use more pattern-matching or approximate procedures for some applications. This type is also used for people who can and do use logical thinking processes when exclusively intuitive thinking is inappropriate. For the latter meaning more specifically, use the subtype ''DisposedToReason'. Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'lucid' in WordNet: 1. (6) logical - (capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning; 'a logical mind') 3. coherent, logical, lucid - (capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner; 'a lucid thinker'; 'she was more coherent than she had been just after the accident') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intelligent . :Lucidity :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Clear ; :wnsense "clarity1n", "clearness1n", "limpidity1n", "lucidity1n", "lucidness1n", "pellucidity1n" ; :wordnet "clarity", "clearness", "limpidity", "lucidity", "lucidness", "pellucidity" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lucidity'' is the Quality of and InformationObject that has no ambiguity and is easy to understand (''Clear''). ''Lucidity'' is the nominalized form of ''Clear'' - things that *are* ''Clear'' *have* ''Lucidity''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lucidity' in WordNet: 1. (1) clarity, lucidity, lucidness, pellucidity, clearness, limpidity - (free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clear ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Lucky :wnsense "lucky3adj" ; :wordnet "lucky" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated was both beneficial (to some agent) and not likely to occur. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 3 of 'lucky' in WordNet: 3. golden, favorable, favourable, lucky, prosperous - (favoring or bringing good luck; 'a favorable time to ask for a raise'; 'lucky stars'; 'a prosperous moment to make a decision') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desirable, :Fortunate . :Lucrative :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :EarningaProfit ; :wnsense "lucrative1adj", "moneymaking1adj", "remunerative2adj" ; :wordnet "lucrative", "moneymaking", "remunerative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lucrative' is a subattribute of ''Profitable'' for Actions that produce more than a little ''Profit'' . NOTE: this distinction is not necessarily the intended common usage of the terms 'moneymaking' or 'remunerative' - perhaps those should be synonyms of 'profitable'?? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lucrative' in Wordnet: 1. lucrative, moneymaking, remunerative - (producing a sizeable profit; 'a remunerative business') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profitable . :LudwigVanBeethoven :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :Vienna ; a :Animal, :DeadPerson ; rdfs:comment """Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770, in Bonn, and died on March 26, 1827, after four months of illness. His body is buried in Zentralfriedhof Cemetery, Vienna.""" . :Luggage :wnsense "luggage1n" ; :wordnet "luggage" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Luggage is a collective term for all container devices, such as suitcases, designed to be carried by a traveller to hold items that are not carried directly on the person. This category can specify the container artifact only or the complete set of container and contents that is carried by a passenger. The container with the contents **that is carried by one traveler** is termed 'Baggage' in the COSMO ontology. This a 'luggage department' will have a collection of containers only, though a 'luggage rack' will have containers with contents. Usage is Context dependent. NOTE: The term 'Luggage' is used collectively in COSMO but this type includes single objects, so it might formally be represented as a Group, which could have one item. NOTE that as a Group, this could be one or more items considered as a unit so a traveler can refer to one piece as 'my luggage' when there is only one piece. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'luggage' in Wordnet: 1. (6) baggage, luggage - (a case used to carry belongings when traveling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case-Container, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PieceOfLuggage ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Lugging :wnsense "lug1v", "tote1v", "tug4v" ; :wordnet "lug", "tote", "tug" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lugging'' is a ''CarryingByHand'' in which the Object carried is a ''HeavyObject'' and the carrying requires strenuous effort (is ''Arduous''). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lug' in WordNet: 1. (5) lug, tote, tug - (carry with difficulty; 'You'll have to lug this suitcase') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarryingByHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :HeavyObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arduous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Lumber :guid "bd58a848-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lumber1n", "timber1n" ; :wordnet "lumber", "timber" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance made of wood, cut from trees in preparation to be shaped for use in construction. This can be the logs freshly cut. Shaped ''Lumber'' is represented as ''DimensionalLumber''; that material may be kiln-dried to avoid warping after installation. NOTE: although 'lumber' is usually used to refer to shaped wood, for generality in COSMO this type will refer to any type of ''Wood'' suitable to be shaped into building. The substance consisting of actual shaped beams will be represented as ''DimensionalLumber''. Similar to noun sense 1 of 'lumber' in Wordnet, but the shaped beams are represented as ''DimensionalLumber'': in WordNet: 1. (6) lumber, timber - (the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuildingMaterial, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :Wood . :Lumberjack :guid "bd58f012-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "faller1n", "feller1n", "logger1n", "lumberjack1n", "lumberman1n" ; :wordnet "faller", "feller", "logger", "lumberjack", "lumberman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: He who cuts trees. (tsk! tsk! sexist and not PC) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lumberjack' in WordNet: 1. lumberman, lumberjack, logger, feller, faller - (a person who fells trees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManualLaborer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Logging ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Lumen :wnsense "lm1n", "lumen1n" ; :wordnet "lm", "lumen" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI luminous flux measure. Symbol: lm. It is the amount streaming outward through one solid angle of 1 Steradian from a uniform point source having an intensity of one Candela. Lumen = cd*sr = cd * 1. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lumen' in WordNet: 1. lumen, lm - (a unit of luminous flux equal to the amount of light given out through a solid angle of 1 steradian by a point source of 1 candela intensity radiating uniformly in all directions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Luminous :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BeingLuminous ; :wnsense "aglow1adj", "lambent1adj", "lucent1adj", "luminous1adj" ; :wordnet "aglow", "lambent", "lucent", "luminous" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'luminous' in Wordnet: 1. (3) aglow, lambent, lucent, luminous - (softly bright or radiant; 'a house aglow with lights'; 'glowing embers'; 'lambent tongues of flame'; 'the lucent moon'; 'a sky luminous with stars') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Lump :ldoce "lump" ; :wnsense "ball8n", "chunk1n", "clod1n", "clump2n", "glob1n", "lump1n", "lump2n" ; :wordnet "ball", "chunk", "clod", "clump", "glob", "lump" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Lump' is a solid object that does not have any necessary shape - it can be quite irregular, though it may also be of a regular shape. For the purpose of COSMO, a Lump will be considered homogeneous, so that it can be referred to as a 'lump' of some particular substance. The restriction requires that the substance of which the Lump consists must be specified, so this is always 'a lump of (substance)'. It could be derived by cutting a piece off of an object. 'the whole ball of wax' 'a clod of mud'. This type of object is produced by a ''Clumping'' process, but is relatively compact and not very large. A piece of this can removed from a larger mass (such as a layer of clay or 'mud') and that would also be a ''Lump'. Includes part of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'lump' in WordNet (NOTE this type is not necesarily large): in WordNet: 1. (4) hunk, lump - (a large piece of something without definite shape; 'a hunk of bread'; 'a lump of coal') 2. (3) ball, clod, glob, lump, clump, chunk - (a compact mass; 'a ball of mud caught him on the shoulder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agglomeration, :HomogeneousObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clumping ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :LumpHammer :en "lump hammer" ; :enn "lump hammer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LumpHammer'' is a ''SledgeHammer'' with handle short enough and ''Hammerhead'' light enough (e.g. 4 pounds) to be used with one hand. Wikipedia 'lump hammer': Lump Hammer A lump hammer or club hammer is a small sledgehammer whose relatively light weight and short handle allow single-handed use. It is useful for light demolition work, driving masonry nails, and for use with a steel chisel when cutting stone or metal. In this last application, its weight drives the chisel more deeply into the material being cut than lighter hammers """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SledgeHammer, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :LumpSugar :consistsOfManyOf :GrainOfSugar ; :en "lump-sugar" ; :wnsense "lump sugar1n" ; :wordnet "lump sugar" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sucrose that was in the granular (not powdered) form, but compacted into lumps (usually square), but as with TableSugar, used as the sweetener in drinks and other foods. in WordNet: 1. lump sugar - (refined sugar molded into rectangular shapes convenient as single servings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :SubstanceInaSpecificShape, :Sugar . :LumpingTogether :ldoce "lump" ; :wnsense "lump1v" ; :wordnet "lump" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'LumpingTogether' is an instance of 'Collecting' in which the things gathered together by an agent (abstract or physical) are in some way heterogeneous; Collecting without regard to subtype would be 'LumpingTogether'. Linguistically 'lump' in this sense is usually used with 'together' as in 'lump together' or with 'in with' as 'lump the women in with the men' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lump' in WordNet: 1. (2) lump, chunk - (put together indiscriminately; 'lump together all the applicants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collecting . :Lumpy :guid "345a52f8-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :LiquidSubstance ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Lump ; :wnsense "lumpy2adj" ; :wordnet "lumpy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Lumpy' is as an attribute of liquids - usually somewhat viscous with dissolved material - that have more than a few ''Lump''s in them. The ''Lump's usually are unwanted, but not necessarily (see ''CottageCheese''). CYC: The collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible consisting of or containing #$Deformable clumps of material. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'lumpy' in Wordnet: 2. lumpy - (having lumps; not smooth and even in texture; \"lumpy gravy\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Lunar :pertainsTo :EarthsMoon ; :wnsense "lunar1adj" ; :wordnet "lunar" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lunar' in WordNet: 1. (8) lunar - (of or relating to or associated with the moon; 'lunar surface'; 'lunar module') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LunarEclipse :en "eclipse of the moon" ; :enn "eclipse of the moon" ; :wnsense "lunar eclipse1n" ; :wordnet "lunar eclipse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LunarEclipse'' is an ''Eclipse'' in which the ''Earth'' moves between the Earth's Sun (''Sol''), and ''EarthsMoon'', thus casting the shadow of the Earth onto the Moon. This includes both shading the whole Moon (total eclipse) or part of the EarthsMoon (partial eclipse) when it is viewed from the Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lunar eclipse' in WordNet: 1. lunar eclipse - (the earth interrupts light shining on the moon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CastingaShadow, :Eclipse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IlluminatingTheMoon ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsMoon ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoonLight ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Lunatic :wnsense "lunatic1n", "madman1n", "maniac1n" ; :wordnet "lunatic", "madman", "maniac" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person suffering from 'Insanity''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lunatic' in WordNet: 1. lunatic, madman, maniac - (an insane person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SickPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insanity ; owl:onProperty :isTheSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insane ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Lunch :guid "bd58bf23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dejeuner1n", "lunch1n", "luncheon1n", "tiffin1n" ; :wordnet "dejeuner", "lunch", "luncheon", "tiffin" ; a :FoodType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ''Lunch'' is interpreted as the specific set of food items eaten at the midday meal, between Breakfast and Dinner. This is therefore a Role that the food plays. For the actual event if eating breakfast, use 'EatingLunch' Cyc: The midday meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lunch' in WordNet: 1. (12) lunch, luncheon, tiffin, dejeuner - (a midday meal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingLunch ; owl:onProperty :isEatenInEvent ] . :LunchMeat :guid "c10090fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lunch meat1n", "luncheon meat1n" ; :wordnet "lunch meat", "luncheon meat" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Meat that is typically sold at deli counters and/or eaten on sandwiches. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'lunch meat' in WordNet, include ham and turkey and roast beef: 1. lunch meat, luncheon meat - (any of various sausages or molded loaf meats sliced and served cold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meat . :LunchTime :en "lunch hour", "lunch time" ; :enn "lunch hour", "lunch time" ; :wnsense "lunch period1n", "lunchtime1n" ; :wordnet "lunch period", "lunchtime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LunchTime'' is the name of the time interval in which a Person or GroupOfPeople customarily eat ''Lunch''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lunchtime' in WordNet: 1. lunchtime, lunch period - (the customary or habitual hour for eating lunch; 'he observed a regular lunchtime') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MealTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingLunch ; owl:onProperty :commonlyHasEventType ] . :Lung :guid "bd58cacb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "lung" ; :wnsense "lung1n" ; :wordnet "lung" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all lungs, the primary respiratory organs of #$AirBreathingVertebrates. SUMO: A respiratory organ of Vertebrates. Its function is to furnish the blood with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lung' in WordNet: 1. (30) lung - (either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan . :Lunging :wnsense "hurl2v", "hurtle2v", "lunge1n", "lunge1v", "lunge4n", "thrust3v" ; :wordnet "hurl", "hurtle", "lunge", "thrust" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Lunging' is a Action in which a Person moves some part of the body forward. i.e. that part makes a ''ForwardMotion''), while at least one leg remains in position on the ground or floor. This differs from'plunging forward', where the whole body moves. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lunge' in WordNet: 1. (6) lunge, hurl, hurtle, thrust - (make a thrusting forward movement) WN noun 'lunge': 1. (1) lurch, lunge - (the act of moving forward suddenly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :MotionInPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForwardMotion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Lupus :guid "bdc740bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lupus1n" ; :wordnet "lupus" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Tis includes both 'lupus vulgaris' and 'lupus erythematosis' which need to be differentiated. Not yet done. ''Lupus'' in WN is a subtype of 'SkinDisease'. RHW 'lupus vulgaris': a rare form of of the skin, characterized by brownish tubercles that often heal slowly and leave scars. In CYC it is an autoimmune disease: RHW 'lupus erythematosis': any of several autoimmune diseases, esp. systemic lupus erythematosus, characterized by red, scaly skin patches. CYC: Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system, for unknown reasons, becomes hyperactive and attacks normal tissue. This attack results in inflammation and brings about symptoms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lupus' in WordNet: 1. lupus - (any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChronicCondition, :SkinDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflammation ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ] . :Lure :wnsense "lure2n", "lure3n" ; :wordnet "lure" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Lure'' is an ''AttractiveThing'' - usually an object but possibly a situation (e.g. potential for making money) that is used by some agent to cause an Animal to perform some action that may be disadvantageous or even harmful to the animal lured by it (i.e. to perform ''HarmfulAction''). This is general and includes as a subtype ''Bait'' used in fishing or trapping. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'lure' in Wordnet: 2. bait, come-on, hook, lure, sweetener - (anything that serves as an enticement) 3. bait, decoy, lure - (something used to lure victims into danger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractiveThing, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HarmfulAction ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ] . :Lurid :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Innovating ; :wnsense "lurid1adj", "shocking1adj" ; :wordnet "lurid", "shocking" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'lurid' in Wordnet: 1. (1) lurid, shocking - (glaringly vivid and graphic; marked by sensationalism; 'lurid details of the accident') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient, :Vivid . :Lust :wnsense "lecherousness1n", "lust1n", "lustfulness1n" ; :wordnet "lecherousness", "lust", "lustfulness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Lust'' is a strong ''SexualDesire''; its use suggests that it is a Feeling that is hard to control. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lust' in WordNet: 1. (1) lecherousness, lust, lustfulness - (a strong sexual desire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualDesire . :Lutetium :guid "bec79e2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "71"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Lu1n", "atomic number 711n", "lutecium1n", "lutetium1n" ; :wordnet "Lu", "atomic number 71", "lutecium", "lutetium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of lutetium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lutetium' in WordNet: 1. lutetium, lutecium, Lu, atomic number 71 - (a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnalloyedMetal . :Lutheran :pertainsTo :LutheranPerson, :Lutheranism ; :wnsense "Lutheran2adj" ; :wordnet "Lutheran" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'Lutheran' in Wordnet: 2. Lutheran - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of the branch of the Protestant Church adhering to the views of Luther; 'Lutheran doctrines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :LutheranPerson :wnsense "Lutheran1n" ; :wordnet "Lutheran" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lutheran' in WordNet: 1. Lutheran - (follower of Lutheranism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtestantPerson . :Lutheranism :hasBeliever :LutheranPerson ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Lutheran ; :hasTopic :MartinLutherWasRight ; :wnsense "Lutheranism1n" ; :wordnet "Lutheranism" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Lutheranism' in WordNet: 1. Lutheranism - (teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone) """ . :Lux :wnsense "lux1n", "lx2n" ; :wordnet "lux", "lx" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI illuminance measure. Symbol: lx. It is the amount of illumination provided when one Lumen is evenly distributed over an area of 1 square Meter. This is also equivalent to the illumination that would exist on a surface all points of which are one Meter from a point source of one Candela. Lux = lm/m^2 = m^(-2)*cd. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lux' in WordNet: 1. lux, lx - (a unit of illumination equal to 1 lumen per square meter; 0.0929 foot candle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Luxembourg :wnsense "Luxembourg1n" ; :wordnet "Luxembourg" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Luxembourg' in Wordnet: 2. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Luxemburg - (a grand duchy (a constitutional monarchy) landlocked in northwestern Europe between France and Belgium and Germany; an international financial center) """ . :Luxuriating :eng "luxuriating" ; :wnsense "indulge3v", "luxuriate2v" ; :wordnet "indulge", "luxuriate" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Luxuriating'' is a more intensive form of ''IndulgingaDesire'' in that it uses some ''Luxury'' (which is ''Expensive'') to give ''Enjoyment'', a very ''Pleasant'' experience. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of ' luxuriate' in WordNet: 2. indulge, luxuriate - (enjoy to excess; 'She indulges in ice cream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaFeeling, :IndulgingaDesire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Luxury ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoyment ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoying ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ] . :Luxurious :isTheOppositeOf :Necessary ; :wnsense "de luxe1adj", "deluxe1adj", "deluxe2adj", "epicurean3adj", "lavish2adj", "lush2adj", "luxuriant2adj", "luxurious1adj", "luxurious2adj", "opulent1adj", "plush1adj", "sumptuous1adj", "sybaritic1adj", "voluptuous3adj" ; :wordnet "de luxe", "deluxe", "epicurean", "lavish", "lush", "luxuriant", "luxurious", "opulent", "plush", "sumptuous", "sybaritic", "voluptuous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Luxurious'' is an AttributeValue of things (objects or actions or states) that are very ''Pleasant'' but more ''Expensive'' than the minimal ''necessity'' and not ''Unnecessary'' to satisfy normal desires nor to gain a moderate level of ''Satisfaction''. A Thing that is ''Luxurious'' is a ''Luxury''. NOTE that this is an EvaluativeAttribute, because what seems ''Luxurious'' to a poor person may be considered as a normal entitlement to someone raised in a wealthy family. Includes parts of both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'luxurious' andofsense2 of 'deluxe' and of sense2 of 'lavish' in Wordnet (these may be distinguished from other parts): in WordNet: 1. (3) epicurean, luxurious, luxuriant, sybaritic, voluptuary, voluptuous - (displaying luxury and furnishing gratification to the senses; 'an epicurean banquet'; 'enjoyed a luxurious suite with a crystal chandelier and thick oriental rugs'; 'Lucullus spent the remainder of his days in voluptuous magnificence'; 'a chinchilla robe of sybaritic lavishness') 2. deluxe, gilded, grand, luxurious, opulent, princely, sumptuous - (rich and superior in quality; 'a princely sum'; 'gilded dining rooms') WN adj 'deluxe': 2. deluxe, de luxe, luxe - (elegant and sumptuous; 'a deluxe car'; 'luxe accommodations') WN adj 'lavish': 2. lavish, lucullan, lush, plush, plushy - (characterized by extravagance and profusion; 'a lavish buffet'; 'a lucullan feast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Expensive, :Pleasant, :Unnecessary . :Luxury :wnsense "luxury1n" ; :wordnet "luxury" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Luxury'' is a 'Nonessential' that is ''Luxurious'', being very Pleasant as well as ''Unnecessary'' and usually ''Expensive'', or at least more ''Expensive'' than another thing that would satisfy the same need or desire... Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'luxury' in WordNet: 1. (5) luxury - (something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nonessential, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Luxurious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Lying :en "lying" ; :guid "bd5891de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lie5v" ; :wordnet "lie" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Informing, (#$AttemptingFn #$Lying), and #$Pretending. Each instance of #$Lying is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'lie' in Wordnet: 5. (9) lie - (tell an untruth; pretend with intent to deceive; 'Don't lie to your parents'; 'She lied when she told me she was only 29') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Deceiving, :Misinforming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lie ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liar ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :LyingHorizontally a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LyingHorizontally'' is a ''HavingAnAttribute'' where the Attribute is ''MostlyHorizontal'' and the thing doing this is a ''HexalateralObject'', and the object has one side longer than the other two, so that the long side is ''MostlyHorizontal'' and that object is supported by some surface in a gravitational field. This can be performed by any kind of SolidObject. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingSupported, :HavingAnAttribute, :SittingOrLyingPosture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MostlyHorizontal ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :LyingOneselfDown :wnsense "lie down1v", "lie7v" ; :wordnet "lie", "lie down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LyingOneselfDown'' is a ''ChangingPosture'' performed by a Person, going from one posture (usually standing) to a ''LyingProstrate'' position on some SolidObject (not floating in water). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lie down' in WordNet: 1. (11) lie down, lie - (assume a reclining position; 'lie down on the bed until you feel better') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reclining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LyingProstrate ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :LyingProstrate :wnsense "lie2v" ; :wordnet "lie" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''LyingProstrate'' is a ''LyingHorizontally'' (a state) performed by a Person mostly stretched out - in a bed, in a lounge chair, on the ground - but not leaning against a wall or standing or sitting. The face can be up,down, or sideways ('prostrate' is broadly interpreted here). Assuming a fetal position is a borderline included case (for now). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lie' in WordNet: 2. (58) lie - (be lying, be prostrate; be in a horizontal position; 'The sick man lay in bed all day'; 'the books are lying on the shelf') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LyingHorizontally, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MostlyHorizontal ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Lymph :guid "be90ce53-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lymph1n" ; :wordnet "lymph" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all portions of lymph, a fluid rich in #$Lymphocytes, which flows through the #$LymphVessels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lymph' in WordNet: 1. lymph - (a thin coagulable fluid (similar to plasma but) containing white blood cells (lymphocytes) and chyle; is conveyed to the blood stream by lymphatic vessels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalBodyFluid, :LiquidSubstance, :Mixture, :OrganicSubstance . :LymphNode :guid "c0b3ea2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lymph gland1n", "lymph node1n", "node5n" ; :wordnet "lymph gland", "lymph node", "node" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lymph node' in WordNet: 1. (2) lymph node, lymph gland, node - (the source of lymph and lymphocytes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :SolidObject . :LymphVessel :guid "c00d5f61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lymph vessel1n", "lymphatic vessel1n" ; :wordnet "lymph vessel", "lymphatic vessel" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$AnatomicalVessels which transport #$LymphaticFluid in the body of a chordate [#$ChordataPhylum]. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lymph vessel' in WordNet: 1. lymph vessel, lymphatic vessel - (a vascular duct that carries lymph which is eventually added to the venous blood circulation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Duct . :LymphaticSystem :guid "c1000a4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lymphatic system1n", "systema lymphaticum1n" ; :wordnet "lymphatic system", "systema lymphaticum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all animal lymphatic systems, considered as anatomical parts of the #$ImmuneSystem. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lymphatic system' in WordNet: 1. lymphatic system, systema lymphaticum - (the interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :SolidObject . :Lymphocyte :guid "c0949c07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lymph cell1n", "lymphocyte1n" ; :wordnet "lymph cell", "lymphocyte" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subclass of #$WhiteBloodCells, which are mononucleated, nonphagocytic, and immunologically capable, or will be at a later stage. They are affected in a common type of #$Leukemia and in #$AIDS. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lymphocyte' in WordNet: 1. (1) lymphocyte, lymph cell - (an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WhiteBloodCell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lymphocyte ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ] . :Lynx :guid "c1289979-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "catamount1n", "lynx2n" ; :wordnet "catamount", "lynx" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Lynx'' is a ''WildCat'' that The collection of all lynxes. A #$Lynx is either a small European wildcat (Lynx lynx) or a similar one from northern North America (Lynx canadensis), with tufted ears, a short #$Tail-BodyPart, and thick #$Fur. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lynx' in WordNet: 2. lynx, catamount - (short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears; valued for their fur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WildCat . :Lyrics :en "lyrics" ; :enn "lyrics" ; :wnsense "language6n", "lyric1n", "words2n" ; :wordnet "language", "lyric", "words" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The abstract conceptual work that consists of (all of) the lyrics for some ''Song'', usually intended to be sung in the pitch of a specific series of musical notes. For the actual musical sounds of a song, ('I heard a song on the radio') use 'Song-Sung'. NOTE: WN does not have the plural 'lyrics' for this sense; in RHW it is an alternative to 'lyric': 8. Often, lyrics. the words of a song. Q: is the term 'lyric' or 'lyrics' more often used for all of the words of a ''Song''? Perhaps 'lyric' can be used for any part of this type - any number of sequential words from some ''Lyrics'' text. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lyric' in WordNet: 1. (12) lyric, words, language - (the text of a popular song or musical-comedy number; 'his compositions always started with the lyrics'; 'he wrote both words and music'; 'the song uses colloquial language') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Song ] . :Lysine :guid "c068479b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lysine1n" ; :wordnet "lysine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of organic compounds and a spec of #$AminoAcid. These compounds are essential for protein synthesis and must be ingested by the organism. Its abbreviations are Lys and K. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lysine' in WordNet: 1. lysine - (an essential amino acid found in proteins; occurs especially in gelatin and casein) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AminoAcid . :MITRE a :NonProfitOrganization . :MSNBC a :BroadcastingOrganization . :Macadam :hasComponentSubstance :BrokenStone ; :isUsedInAction :PavingaPathway ; :wnsense "macadam1n" ; :wordnet "macadam" ; a :PavingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Macadam' is a ''PavingMaterial'' that is a ''BrokenStone'' used for paving roads and other pathways. It is poured and compacted in layers on the surface to be paved and often bound together and made hard by adding a layer of tar or bitumen. The surface texture and appearance after a binding bitumen is added are similar to that of ''PavingAsphalt''. Wikipedia: Macadam is a type of road construction, pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam around 1820, in which single-sized crushed stone layers of small angular stones are placed in shallow lifts and compacted thoroughly. A binding layer of stone dust may form; it may also, after rolling, be covered with a binder to keep dust and stones together. The method simplified what had been considered state-of-the-art at that point. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'macadam' in WordNet: 1. macadam - (broken stone used in macadamized roadways) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :PavingMaterial . :Macaroni :consistsOfManyOf :MacaroniNoodle ; :hasTheShapeOfa :Tube ; :wnsense "macaroni2n" ; :wordnet "macaroni" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The food ''Pasta'' substance consisting of slender tubes of processed dough. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'macaroni' in WordNet: 2. macaroni - (pasta in the form of slender tubes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pasta, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MacaroniNoodle ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfManyOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tube ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :MacaroniNoodle :guid "bd58cfcb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A short tubular noodle. A whole bunch of these together is represented by the substance ''Macaroni''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TubeShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tube ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Macaroni ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Macau a :Country . :Macaw :guid "95e184a0-0099-11d7-80a5-000347a4228d" ; :wnsense "macaw1n" ; :wordnet "macaw" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Parrot. There are 16 different species of parrots classified as Macaws. Macaws are generally brightly colored, and have tails that are usually as long as their bodies or longer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'macaw' in WordNet: 1. macaw - (long-tailed brilliantly colored parrot of Central America and South America; among the largest and showiest of parrots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parrot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrilliantlyColored ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Macedonia :wnsense "Macedonia1n" ; :wordnet "Macedonia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Macedonia' in WordNet: 1. Macedonia - (landlocked republic on the Balkan Peninsula; achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991) """ . :MachineTool :wnsense "machine tool1n" ; :wordnet "machine tool" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MachineTool'' is a ''PowerTool'' used to modify ''SolidObject''s, changing their shape by a cutting or grinding process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'machine tool' in WordNet: 1. machine tool - (a powered machine for cutting or shaping or finishing metals or other materials) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PowerTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Machinery :ldoce "machinery" ; :wnsense "machinery1n" ; :wordnet "machinery" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Machines, collectively. Any Group of MechanicalDevices, whether in some specific context, or referring to all machines. Devices that depend at least in part on the exertion of force by one part against another part of the Device. Contrasts with 'electronic' where nothing moves other than electrons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'machinery' in WordNet, 1. (15) machinery - (machines or machine systems collectively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MechanicalDevice ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mechanical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Machinist :wnsense "machinist1n", "mechanic1n", "shop mechanic1n" ; :wordnet "machinist", "mechanic", "shop mechanic" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Machinist'' is skilled in operating machine toools like a drill or lather or other power-operated tools for driling, grinding, and otherwise shaping objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'machinist' in WordNet: 1. (1) machinist, mechanic, shop mechanic - (a craftsman skilled in operating machine tools) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TradeWorker . :Machismo :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Male ; :wnsense "machismo1n" ; :wordnet "machismo" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'machismo' in WordNet: 1. machismo - (exaggerated masculinity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Masculinity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Macho ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Macho :guid "bd58dd0d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Machismo ; :wnsense "butch1adj", "macho1adj", "male2adj", "manful2adj", "manlike2adj", "manly2adj", "virile2adj" ; :wordnet "butch", "macho", "male", "manful", "manlike", "manly", "virile" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Macho'' is an exaggerated type of ''Manly'' used especially in Hispanic countries and communities that value strong manliness. CYC: The collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that project a tough, virile, masculine image. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'macho' in Wordnet: 1. butch, macho - (used of men; markedly masculine in appearance or manner) WN adj 'virile': 2. (1) male, manful, manlike, manly, virile -(characteristic of a man; 'a deep male voice'; 'manly sports') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manly, :Masculine . :MackenzieRiver :guid "bd58f7bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "great river of northern Canada" . :Mackerel :guid "bd58bc2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mackerel1n" ; :wordnet "mackerel" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mackerel' in WordNet: 2. mackerel - (any of various fishes of the family Scombridae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFish, :ScombroidFish . :MackerelShark :guid "c0648b0c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mackerel shark1n" ; :wordnet "mackerel shark" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC 'Shark-Mackerel': A collection of large sharks; instances are members of the family Lamnidae. These sharks are partly warm-blooded. This collection includes the white, porbeagle, and mako sharks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mackerel shark' in WordNet: 1. mackerel shark - (fierce pelagic and oceanic sharks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shark . :MacroMolecularSubstance :en "macromolecular substance" ; :enn "macromolecular substance" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MacroMolecularSubstance'' is a substance consisting of ''MacroMolecule''s. Subtypes include DNA, RNA, and Protein. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, :Polymer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MacroMolecule ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :MacroMolecule a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MacroMolecule'' is one ''Molecule'' that ''isTheUnitObjectOf'' a ''MacroMolecularSubstance''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Molecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MacroMolecularSubstance ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :MacroeconomicEvent :wnsense "economic process1n" ; :wordnet "economic process" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MacroeconomicEvent' is an Event ('EconomicAction') that affects a country sufficiently to be noted in some official 'EconomicIndicator'. NOTE that this type of 'Event' is usually an aggregate of Events, such as employment or sales, or monetary activities. Corresponds to part verb noun sense 1 of 'economic process' in WordNet: 1. economic process - (any process affecting the production and development and management of material wealth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isMeasuredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :EconomicIndicator ] . :MacroscopicObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A is a PhysicalObject that is visible and large enough to be perceived by human beings without the aid of a microscope or other aid to viewing small objects. It could be of any size, but this specific type will typically be used for objects no larger than the planet Earth. Larger objects will be sybtypes or instances of 'LargeObject' or 'AstronomicalObject'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GravitationallyBoundObject . :Macy a :RetailStore-ParentCompany . :Mad :ldoce "mad", "sore" ; :wnsense "mad1adj", "sore3adj" ; :wordnet "mad", "sore" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Mad' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of people that indicates that the person referenced is mildly angry; more angry than 'Annoyed' but less Angry than 'Angry' NOTE: the meaning of 'sore' in 'sore loser' is closer to resentful than angry, but is not yet (rev873) represented. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'sore' and sense 1 of 'mad' in WordNet: WN adj 'sore': 3. (1) huffy, mad, sore - - (roused to anger; 'stayed huffy a good while'- Mark Twain; 'she gets mad when you wake her up so early'; 'mad at his friend'; 'sore over a remark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angry . :Madagascar :wnsense "Madagascar1n" ; :wordnet "Madagascar" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Madagascar' in WordNet: 1. Madagascar, Republic of Madagascar, Malagasy Republic - (a republic on the island of Madagascar; achieved independence from France in 1960) """ . :Madam :wnsense "ma'am1n", "madam1n" ; :wordnet "ma'am", "madam" ; a :FormOfAddress ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'madam' in WordNet: 1. (2) dame, madam, ma'am, lady, gentlewoman - (a woman of refinement; 'a chauffeur opened the door of the limousine for the grand lady') """ . :Madame :en "Madame" ; :enn "Madame" ; :wnsense "madame1n" ; :wordnet "madame" ; a :FormOfAddress ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'madame' in WordNet: 1. (3) madame - (title used for a married Frenchwoman) """ . :Maddening :wnsense "craze1v", "madden1v" ; :wordnet "craze", "madden" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Maddening'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' Event in which the resulting attribute is ''Insane''. The 'agent' of this Action is a ''Person''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'madden' in WordNet: 1. madden, craze - (cause to go crazy; cause to lose one's mind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insane ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insanity ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :MadisonRiver :guid "bd58b980-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the rivers joining to form the Missouri" . :MadonnaAndChildVol7 a :Illustration . :Madwoman :wnsense "madwoman1n" ; :wordnet "madwoman" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Woman suffering from 'Insanity''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'madwoman' in WordNet: 1. madwoman - (a woman lunatic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lunatic, :Woman . :Mafia :wnsense "maffia3n", "mafia3n" ; :wordnet "maffia", "mafia" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Mafia'' is not the criminal group ''TheMob'', but any small, exclusive, and socially powerful (''Inflential'') GroupOfPeople. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'mafia' in WordNet: 3. mafia, maffia - (any tightly knit group of trusted associates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Influential ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Mafioso :wnsense "mafioso1n", "mafioso2n" ; :wordnet "mafioso" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''Mafioso'' is a member of ''TheMob'',which is the large somewhat interconnected group of gangs that are organized so as to have more than local influence. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mafioso' in WordNet: 1. mafioso - (a member of the Sicilian Mafia) 2. mafioso - (a member of the Mafia crime syndicate in the United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheMob ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Magazine-Abstract :ldoce "magazine" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Abstract SymbolicObject that is represented by one 'Magazine-Physical': the content of a magazine. The restriction requires that some physical instance of the magazine be identified. No WordNet sense fits this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicalIssue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Magazine-Physical ] . :Magazine-Physical :ldoce "magazine" ; :wnsense "magazine2n" ; :wordnet "magazine" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of a physical, printed magazine.- , the physical object, not the informational content. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'magazine' in WordNet: 2. (2) magazine - (product consisting of a paperback periodic publication as a physical object; 'tripped over a pile of magazines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicalCopy, :Publication, :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Magazine-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :MagazineOrganization :ldoce "magazine" ; :wnsense "magazine3n" ; :wordnet "magazine" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Organizations which is responsible for the publication of some magazine series. Not used for pubishers of individual (one-off) magazines. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'magazine' in WordNet: 3. (1) magazine, magazine publisher - (a business firm that publishes magazines; 'he works for a magazine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MediaOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MagazineSeries ; owl:onProperty :hasCommercialProduct ] . :MagazineSeries :ldoce "magazine" ; :wnsense "magazine1n" ; :wordnet "magazine" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MagazineSeries' is the Group of Abstract SymbolicObjects that are represented by the full series of physical issues of 'Magazine-Physical' from its first publication to the present (thus this series may have more content at later times, while the magazine is still publishing). This is the abstract content of those magazines. This is not the organization that publishes the magazine. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'magazine' in WordNet: 1. (13) magazine, mag - (a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it; 'it takes several years before a magazine starts to break even or make money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :PeriodicalSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Magazine-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MagazineOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isaCommercialProductOf ] . :Maggot :guid "c0fd6ad6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "maggot1n" ; :wordnet "maggot" ; a :BeastType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maggot' in WordNet: 1. (2) maggot - (the larva of the housefly and blowfly commonly found in decaying organic matter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fly, :Grub . :MagicAction :guid "bfde748d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPerformedBy :SupernaturalBeing ; :ldoce "magic" ; :wnsense "magic1n", "thaumaturgy1n" ; :wordnet "magic", "thaumaturgy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MagicAction' in COSMO is an event in which some ''Person'' performs and action that violates the laws of physics, due to intervention of some SupernaturalBeing or by some supernatural force (or, in fiction, by some hitherto unknown natural force). For the illusionist form of 'magic' use 'MagicTrick'. In COSMO this type represents Actions that truly violate the laws of physics; in Cyc it appears that rituals that claim to violate such laws would be included, but religious rituals are not included here unless they claim to violate physics, such as in 'miracles' Called 'magic' in Cyc: Cyc: Elements of #$Magic are ritualized #$Actions which are believed by some to effect change in human affairs or in the natural world by drawing on some mystical force outside ordinary human experience. 'Magic tricks' can be distinguished from #$Magic since sleights of hand rather than mystical forces are what enables them. Historians and anthropologists have debated the manner and degree to which #$Magic and religion are similar. See #$BlackMagic and #$WhiteMagic. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'magic' in WordNet; however WordNet classifies this as a 'belief' rather than as an Action, so the meaning is not the same. in WordNet: 1. (4) magic, thaumaturgy - (any art that invokes supernatural powers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ParanormalEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SupernaturalBeing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagicalPerson ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :MagicShow :en "magic show" ; :isPerformedBy :Magician ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MagicShow' is a series of 'MagicTricks' performed by a Magician (professional or amateur). Other acts may also be performed during a MagicShow, but there must be at least one MagicTrick. NOTE that a Group of Events can be viewed as an Event, so the individual tricks can be related to a show both by 'hasSubEvent' and 'hasComponentElement'. A MagicShow, viewed as a Group, may have component elements other than MagicTricks.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :MagicTrick ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MagicTrick ] . :MagicTrick :isPerformedBy :Magician ; :ldoce "magic", "trick" ; :wnsense "conjuration3n", "conjuring trick1n", "illusion4n", "legerdemain1n", "magic trick1n", "magic2n", "thaumaturgy2n", "trick5n" ; :wordnet "conjuration", "conjuring trick", "illusion", "legerdemain", "magic", "magic trick", "thaumaturgy", "trick" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MagicTrick' is one event in which an illusion (an Action that appears to be a MagicAction) is performed by a Magician (professional or amateur). It may be an isolated trick or be performed as part of a MagicShow. This is for illusions that conform to the laws of physics and have natural explanations. For true supernatural magic, use 'MagicAction'. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'trick' and noun sense 2 of 'magic' in WordNet: 5. (1) magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration, thaumaturgy, illusion, deception - (an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers) WN 'magic': 2. magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration, thaumaturgy, illusion, deception - (an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppearingToBe, :EntertainmentEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagicAction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagicAction ; owl:onProperty :resembles ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magician ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :MagicWand :en "magic wand" ; :enn "magic wand" ; :wnsense "wand1n" ; :wordnet "wand" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MagicWand'' is a ''Magical'' and ''Mythical' device used by sorcerers, witches, and magical agents generally. This is for wands that are asserted (in myth or fiction) to possess magical (non-physical) powers, as in the Harry Potter novels. Corresponds to part (for the mythical magic wand) of noun sense 1 of 'wand' in WordNet: 1. (1) wand - (a rod used by a magician or water diviner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagicalThing, :MythicalThing, :Wand . :Magical :ldoce "magic" ; :wnsense "magic1adj", "magical1adj", "sorcerous1adj", "witching1adj", "wizardly1adj" ; :wordnet "magic", "magical", "sorcerous", "witching", "wizardly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Magical' is a property of Events and Objects that defy the known laws of physics, or at least appear to defy those laws, or (as with lucky charms) is asserted to have magical properties. NOTE: this characterizes both MagicAction (true magic) and Magictrick (an illusion) - @ToDo: these can be distinguished. The Magical effect can be caused by an illusion, as by magicians, or can (in some belief systems) be caused by agents operating outside the known laws of physics. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'magical' and adj sense of 'magic in WordNet: 1. (2) charming, magic, magical, sorcerous, witching, wizard, wizardly - (possessing or using or characteristic of or appropriate to supernatural powers; 'charming incantations'; 'magic signs that protect against adverse influence'; 'a magical spell'; ''tis now the very witching time of night'- Shakespeare; 'wizard wands'; 'wizardly powers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extraordinary . :MagicalPerson :guid "bf54a7af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "magician" ; :wnsense "magician2n" ; :wordnet "magician" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in order to be useful, this type must be interpreted as people who practice magic in fictional contexts, or real people being able to or *claiming* to be able to practice *real* magic, not Magician-Performers. This category is for real or fictional people actually being able to practice magic, but it is not known whether any such persons exist. in the real world. The illusionist performer is represented by ''Magician''. A Person with real magical powers is considered as ''Mythical'' in COSMO. NOTE that although a 'MagicalPerson' has some form of supernatural power, s/he is not necessarily fully a 'SupernaturalBeing' - it could be a person with just one supernatural trait (like the fictional 'X-men'). The subtype 'Wizard' is considered supernatural (as in Cyc); the borderline has not yet (rev909) been carefully defined. NOTE also that not all magical agents are 'MagicalPerson's. See, for example, 'Fairy' Called in Cyc 'Magician' (in COSMO that term is for the entertainer) Cyc: The collection of all people who act as intermediary between the natural and supernatural worlds, using #$Magic to cure illness, foretell the future, control spiritual forces, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'magician' in WordNet: 2. sorcerer, magician, wizard, necromancer, thaumaturge, thaumaturgist - (one who practices magic or sorcery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagicAction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :MagicalThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MagicalThing' is an Event or Object that defies the known laws of physics, or at least appears to defy those laws. NOTE: this characterizes both MagicAction (true magic) and Magictrick (an illusion) - @ToDo: these can be distinguished. The Magical effect can be caused by an illusion, as by magicians, or can (in some belief systems) be caused by agents operating outside the known laws of physics. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Magician :ldoce "magician" ; :wnsense "conjurer1n", "conjuror1n", "illusionist2n", "magician1n", "prestidigitator1n" ; :wordnet "conjurer", "conjuror", "illusionist", "magician", "prestidigitator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Artist-Performer' who performs magic tricks (illusions) for the entertainment of the audience, and sometimes for purpose of deception (when true magic powers are claimed). This is just the illusionist. The ability to perform true magic - violating the laws of physics - is usually associated with SupernaturalBeings. Called in Cyc 'Magician-Performer' A #$Collection of #$Persons. A #$Magician-Performer performs actions that are intended to appear impossible without the use of #$Magic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magician' in WordNet: 1. (5) magician, prestidigitator, conjurer, conjuror, illusionist - (someone who performs magic tricks to amuse an audience) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagicTrick ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Magma :wnsense "magma1n" ; :wordnet "magma" ; a :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Magma is molten rock inside the earth - when it comes out to the surface, it is referred to as the subtype ''Lava''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magma' in WordNet: 1. magma - (molten rock in the earth's crust) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemiSolidSubstance, :Stone . :Magnesium :guid "bd58a78a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "12"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Mg2n", "magnesium1n" ; :wordnet "Mg", "magnesium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The metallic element. CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of magnesium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnesium' in WordNet: 1. magnesium, Mg, atomic number 12 - (a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Magnet :wnsense "magnet1n" ; :wordnet "magnet" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Magnet'' is any object that exhibits a magnetic field by its inherent properties (not by electromagnetism) i.e. exhibits ''Magnetism''. For the magnetic objects made to be used for their magnetic properties, use ''MagnetArtifact'' This does not include objects that become 'magnetic' when a crrent is passed through, i.e. electromagnets. (electromagnet is not represented in rev1491. Would be an ''ElectricalDevice'') The planet Earth - is a borderline case: sometimes it is not magnetic. Nuance may someday be needed. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'magnet' in WordNet: 1. (4) magnet - ((physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnetic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MagnetArtifact :wnsense "magnet1n" ; :wordnet "magnet" ; a :DeviceType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Magnet'' is any object that exhibits a magnetic field, i.e. exhibits ''Magnetism''. For the magnetic objects made to be used for their magnetic properties, use ''MagnetArtifact'' This does not include objects that become 'magnetic' when a crrent is passed through, i.e. electromagnets. Approximately corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnet' in WordNet: 1. (4) magnet - ((physics) a device that attracts iron and produces a magnetic field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Magnet . :Magnetic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Magnet ; :wnsense "magnetic2adj", "magnetised1adj", "magnetized1adj" ; :wordnet "magnetic", "magnetised", "magnetized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Magnetic'' is an AttributeValue of every ''Magnet'', which in COSMO is any object that exhibits a magnetic field, i.e. exhibits ''Magnetism''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'magnetic' in Wordnet: 1. magnetic, magnetized, magnetised - (having the properties of a magnet; i.e. of attracting iron or steel; 'the hard disk is covered with a thin coat of magnetic material') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnet ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :MagneticDevice :en "magnetic device" ; :enn "magnetic device" ; :guid "c1008291-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$MagneticDevice is a device whose functioning depends on magnetism and which incorporates magnetized parts as a fundamental (functional) component in its design. Typical instances include a compass, a VHS videotape, the VCR machine that tapes on it, an MRI machine in a hospital, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnetism ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :MagneticDisk :wnsense "disc3n", "disk4n", "magnetic disc1n", "magnetic disk1n" ; :wordnet "disc", "disk", "magnetic disc", "magnetic disk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnetic disk' in WordNet: 1. magnetic disk, magnetic disc, disk, disc - ((computer science) a memory device consisting of a flat disk covered with a magnetic coating on which information is stored) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerStorageDevice, :Disk, :MagneticDevice . :MagneticRecorder :en "magnetic recording device" ; :wnsense "magnetic recorder1n" ; :wordnet "magnetic recorder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MagneticRecorder'' is an ''InformationRecordingDevice'' that uses some form of magnetizable medium to record information, not necessarily in digital format. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnetic recorder' in WordNet: 1. magnetic recorder - (recorder consisting of equipment for making records on magnetic media) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationRecordingDevice . :MagneticStorageMedium a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerStorageDevice, :MagneticDevice . :MagneticTape :en "piece of magnetic tape", "strip of magnetic tape" ; :guid "bd588d10-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mag tape1n", "magnetic tape1n", "tape5n" ; :wordnet "mag tape", "magnetic tape", "tape" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Magnetic tape (an object) used to store information; used in #$AudioCassette and #$VideoCassette. This is a collection of the stuff itself, not a packaging of it. This is a substance - For a piece of 'MagneticTape'' use ''MagneticTapeStrip''. The magnetic material can be other than iron oxide; from Wikipedia: \"The oxide side of a tape is the surface that can be magnetically manipulated by a tape head. This is the side that stores the information, the opposite side is simply a substrate to give the tape strength and flexibility. The name originates from the fact that the magnetic side of most tapes is typically made of iron oxide, though chromium is used for some tapes. An adhesive binder between the oxide and the substrate holds the two sides together.\" and further: \"Chromium dioxide or chromium(IV) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO2. It is a black synthetic magnetic solid.[3] It once was widely used in magnetic tape emulsion.[4] With the increasing popularity of CDs and DVDs, the use of chromium(IV) oxide has declined. However, it is still used in data tape applications for enterprise-class storage systems. It is still considered by many oxide and tape manufacturers to have been one of the best magnetic recording particulates ever invented.\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnetic tape' in WordNet: 1. magnetic tape, mag tape, tape - (memory device consisting of a long thin plastic strip coated with iron oxide; used to record audio or video signals or to store computer information; 'he took along a dozen tapes to record the interview') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagneticDevice, :Tape, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxide ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnetizable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagneticTapeStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :MagneticTapeCassette :en "magnetic tape cassette" ; :enn "magnetic tape cassette" ; :guid "bd63702c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all types of cassettes, including #$AudioCassette and #$VideoCassette. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :HandSizedObject, :InformationStorageMediumObject, :MagneticDevice, :TapeCassette, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagneticTape ; owl:onProperty :physicallyContains ] . :MagneticTapeStuff :en "magnetic tape" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MagneticTapeStuff'' is a piece of ''TapeStuff'' that is ''Magnetizable''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerInformationStorageMedia, :TapeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnetizable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Magnetical :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Magnet :Magnetism :MagnetArtifact ) ] ; :wnsense "magnetic1adj" ; :wordnet "magnetic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Magnetical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue of Magnets and magnetism and things that produce magnetism such as electromagnets. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'magnetic' in Wordnet: 1. (4) magnetic - (of or relating to or caused by magnetism; 'magnetic forces') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Magnetism :wnsense "magnetism1n" ; :wordnet "magnetism" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Magnetism' is a ''PhysicalForce'' that is oriented into 'positive' and 'negative' poles, and dependingon the orientation og magnetizedmaterials relative to each other,can provide either an attractive or repulsive force etween magnetized objects For two objects to be attracted to each other by magnetism, it is not necessary for both of the objects to be magnetized, because for some 'magnetizable' materials such as ''Iron'', the presence of a magnetic field can induce magnetic polarization in the magnetizable object, and cause an attractive force. Therefore, we can stick magnets to our steel-based refrigerator doors even though the doors are not pre-magnetized. Scientists are still not certain if a 'magnetic monopole' with only one polarity (as with electric charge) exists. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnetism' in WordNet: 1. (6) magnetism, magnetic attraction, magnetic force - (attraction for iron; associated with electric currents as well as magnets; characterized by fields of force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractiveForce . :Magnetite :guid "c14a721b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Iron, :Oxygen ; :isaSourceOf :Iron ; :wnsense "magnetic iron-ore1n", "magnetite1n" ; :wordnet "magnetic iron-ore", "magnetite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnetite' in WordNet: 1. magnetite, magnetic iron-ore - (an oxide of iron that is strongly attracted by magnets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IronOre, :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnetizable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Magnetizable :isAnAttributeValueOf :Iron, :Steel ; :wnsense "magnetic3adj" ; :wordnet "magnetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Magnetizable'' is an attribute of something (object or substance) that is not inherently ''Magnetic'' but may become magnetically polarized when in the presence of a magnetic field, whether produced by a 'Magnet' or an electromagnet. The most common examples of ''Magnetizable'' substances are ''Iron'' and some (not all) types of ''Steel' Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'magnetic' in Wordnet: 3. magnetic - (capable of being magnetized) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MagnificationEvent :en "magnifying" ; :wnsense "magnification1n", "magnify3v" ; :wordnet "magnification", "magnify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MagnificationEvent'' is an ''Expanding'' in which some object with ''Magnifying'' Capability enlarges the image of some object as seen by some observing agent. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'magnify' and noun sense 1 of 'magnification' in Wordnet: 3. (1) blow up, enlarge, magnify - (make large; 'blow up an image') WN noun 'magnification': 1. (1) magnification - (the act of expanding something in apparent size) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expanding . :Magnificence :wnsense "brilliance2n", "grandeur1n", "grandness3n", "grandness4n", "impressiveness1n", "magnificence1n", "magnificence2n", "richness7n", "splendor2n", "splendour2n" ; :wordnet "brilliance", "grandeur", "grandness", "impressiveness", "magnificence", "richness", "splendor", "splendour" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality/state more impressive than ''Excellence''.. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'magnificence' in WordNet: 1. (1) impressiveness, grandness, magnificence, richness - (splendid or imposing in size or appearance; 'the grandness of the architecture'; 'impressed by the richness of the flora') 2. magnificence, brilliance, splendor, splendour, grandeur, grandness - (the quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand; 'for magnificence and personal service there is the Queen's hotel'; 'his 'Hamlet' lacks the brilliance that one expects'; 'it is the university that gives the scene its stately splendor'; 'an imaginative mix of old-fashioned grandeur and colorful art'; 'advertisers capitalize on the grandness and elegance it brings to their products') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excellence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnificent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Magnificent :isMoreIntenseThan :Stately ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Magnificence ; :ldoce "splendid" ; :wnsense "magnificent1adj", "splendid2adj" ; :wordnet "magnificent", "splendid" ; a :AppearanceType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated produces a very strong and favorable impression because of its excellence (in appearance or some other property) as well as being large (perhaps in a metaphorical sense, or in magnitude on some scale) for its type. This represents a higher level of impressiveness than 'stately'. This can apply to Actions and Skills, as well as natural pheonmena such as scenery, sunsets, etc.. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'magnificent' and sense 2 of 'splendid' in WordNet; the sense intended in 'a glorious work of art' is not included, as this sense requires some impressiveness due to large scale: WN adj 'magnificent' in WordNet: 1. (12) brilliant, glorious, magnificent, splendid - (characterized by grandeur; 'the brilliant court life at Versailles'; 'a glorious work of art'; 'magnificent cathedrals'; 'the splendid coronation ceremony') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excellent, :Stately . :Magnified :isAnAttributeValueOf :AbstractImage, :Photograph, :View ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MagnificationEvent ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Magnified'' is the attribute of a PhysicalRepresentaton of an ''Image'' or ''Photograph'' or ''View'' that was modified by some process to make each centimeter in the original appear as more than one centimeter in the magnified image. This can be accomplished by looking through a magnifying device like a telescope, or by magnifying an image on a computer screen electronically, or by creating a print of a photograph that has centimeter in the original printed as more than one centimeter in the magnified image. The only limit to magnification is when one 'pixel' is so large it can be seen as a separated dot. NOTE: this is a general sense of 'magnified' - the WN gloss mentioning 'abnormal' is not part of the intended meaning of this type. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'magnified' in Wordnet: 1. (3) exaggerated, magnified, enlarged - (enlarged to an abnormal degree; 'thick lenses exaggerated the size of her eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Larger . :Magnifying :en "magnifying" ; :wasRealizedByAction :MagnificationEvent ; :wnsense "blow up2v", "magnify3v" ; :wordnet "blow up", "magnify" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Magnifying' is the DesignFunction (an AttributeValue) performed by various Devices such as magnifying glasses, telescopes, and microscopes (optical or electron), magnifying lenses (or zoom lenses) on cameras, etc. or even by gravitational lenses 'Magnifying' increases the apparent size (subtended angle) of an Object when viewed by a person's eye, or any other thing that can see or form an image. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'magnify' in Wordnet (does not include 'blowing up' a printed image: 3. (1) blow up, enlarge, magnify - (make large; 'blow up an image') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesignFunction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagnificationEvent ; owl:onProperty :wasRealizedByAction ] . :MagnifyingGlass :guid "c1051048-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "magnifying glass1n" ; :wordnet "magnifying glass" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnifying glass' in WordNet: 1. (1) hand glass, simple microscope, magnifying glass - (light microscope consisting of a single convex lens that is used to produce an enlarged image; 'the magnifying glass was invented by Roger Bacon in 1250') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :HandSizedObject, :HandTool, :LensedOpticalDevice, :SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnifying ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Lens ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Handle ] . :Magnitude :takesValue :ValueRange, :VerbalQuantifier ; :wnsense "dimension4n", "magnitude1n", "proportion2n" ; :wordnet "dimension", "magnitude", "proportion" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Magnitude'' is a *relative* size, expressing some sense of size relative to something else, often the typical size of the type of thing described. The ''Magnitude'' may be expressed by a ''VerbalQuantifier'', or an approximation or a ''ValueRange'' (range of values). NOTE: the hierarchical positions of terms 'size'and 'magnitude' are inverted in WordNet and COSMO. This has no special significance, as the terms are very similar but 'size' is more common, so it has the higher position in the COSMO hierarchy. Perhaps WN 'magnitude' is intended to be of broader application. Needs to be determined by usage. Includes noun sense 1 of 'magnitude' and noun sense 2 of 'proportion' in WordNet: 1. (15) magnitude - (the property of relative size or extent (whether large or small); 'they tried to predict the magnitude of the explosion'; 'about the magnitude of a small pea') WN noun 'proportion': 2. (7) proportion, dimension - (magnitude or extent; 'a building of vast proportions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Size . :MagnoliaOrder :guid "bd5884c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :MagnoliaTree :guid "bd588508-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "magnolia2n" ; :wordnet "magnolia" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'magnolia' in WordNet: 2. magnolia - (any shrub or tree of the genus Magnolia; valued for their longevity and exquisite fragrant blooms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvergreenPlant, :FloweringTree, :MagnoliaOrder . :Mahogany :wnsense "mahogany1n" ; :wordnet "mahogany" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance ''Mahogany'' is a type of ''Hardwood'' derived from the ''MahoganyTree''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mahogany' in WordNet: 1. (2) mahogany - (wood of any of various mahogany trees; much used for cabinetwork and furniture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hardwood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MahoganyTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :MahoganyTree :wnsense "mahogany tree1n", "mahogany2n" ; :wordnet "mahogany", "mahogany tree" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mahogany tree' in WordNet: 1. mahogany, mahogany tree - (any of various tropical timber trees of the family Meliaceae especially the genus Swietinia valued for their hard yellowish- to reddish-brown wood that is readily worked and takes a high polish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mahogany ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Maid :guid "bd58fd21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "amah2n", "housemaid1n", "maid1n", "maidservant1n" ; :wordnet "amah", "housemaid", "maid", "maidservant" ; a :HumanRoleType, :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A female domestic servant. SUMO: Any ServicePosition where various needs of a person or family are served over a long period of time. Note that these Positions are, by definition, filled only by Women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maid' in WordNet: 1. (13) maid, maidservant, housemaid, amah - - (a female domestic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticHelp, :Woman . :MaidOfHonor :wnsense "maid of honor1n" ; :wordnet "maid of honor" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''MaidOfHonor'' is the single ''Bridesmaid'' who also serves as one of the legal 'witnesses' to the marriage, and signs the marriage certificate and has the place of honor next to the Bride at the ceremony. If the person performing the ''MaidOfHonor'' Role is married, she may be called the 'Matron of Honor', represented as ''MatronOfHonor''. Corresponds to part (for the maid of honor only) noun sense 1 of 'bridesmaid' in WordNet: 1. bridesmaid, maid of honor - (an unmarried woman who attends the bride at a wedding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bridesmaid . :Maiden :wnsense "maiden1n" ; :wordnet "maiden" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young unmarried woman,age unspecified (but usually applied to those of marriageable age).. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maiden' in WordNet: 1. (3) maid, maiden - (an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Girl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unmarried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Mail :CYC "MailableObject" ; :en "piece of mail" ; :guid "bd58d6d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mail" ; :wnsense "mail1n" ; :wordnet "mail" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of mail, or a group of pieces of Mail, being normal government postal objects. This may be interpreted as singular or collective. This includes anything that can be or has been sent via the ''UnitedStatesPostalService''. FOr different types see the subtypes. In CYC called '\"MailableObject'. This is what is delivered by a ''MailMan''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mail' in WordNet: 1. (2) mail - (the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanScaleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeliveringMail ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ] . :MailBox :guid "bd58af2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mailbox1n", "mailbox2n" ; :wordnet "mailbox" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Boxes or containers that contain mail-type objects. This is for deposit of mail by the sende, and receipt of mail by the sendee. SUMO: A Container whose purpose is to receive items that are mailed to the address associated with the Mailbox. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'mailbox' in Wordnet: 1. (4) mailbox, letter box - (a private box for delivery of mail) 2. postbox, mailbox, letter box - (public box for deposit of mail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mail ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :MailMan :wnsense "letter carrier1n", "mail carrier1n", "mailman1n", "postman1n" ; :wordnet "letter carrier", "mail carrier", "mailman", "postman" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MailMan'' is a ''DeliveryPerson'' (of any sex) who delivers the official government ''Mail''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mailman' in Wordnet: 1. (1) mailman, postman, mail carrier, letter carrier, carrier - (a man who delivers the mail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeliveryPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeliveringMail ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :MailingSomething :en "mailing" ; :eng "mailing" ; :wnsense "get off9v", "mail1v" ; :wordnet "get off", "mail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the 'sending' action,not the delivery by the POstalService. Uses \"UnitedStatesPostalService\" or any other similar postal service. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mail' in WordNet: 1. (12) mail, get off - (send via the postal service; \"I'll mail you the check tomorrow\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SendingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PiecesOfMail ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Maiming :wnsense "maim1v" ; :wordnet "maim" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'maim' in WordNet: 1. maim - (injure or wound seriously and leave permanent disfiguration or mutilation; 'people were maimed by the explosion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disabling . :MainDeck :wnsense "deck1n" ; :wordnet "deck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The deck that is closest to the level of the top of the hull of a ship. It is unclear from the definitions if an 'upper deck' is the same thing,but it is included here until an expert can be consulted. RHW 'upper deck': the uppermost continuous deck that is capable of being made watertight; freeboard deck. MW: 1. the topmost full-length deck of a ship : a full-length deck above the main deck 2. a partial deck above the main deck in a naval vessel WN 'upper deck': 1. upper deck - (a higher deck) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'main deck' in WordNet: 1. main deck, second deck - (the uppermost sheltered deck that runs the entire length of a large vessel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShipsDeck, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Boat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MainMast :wnsense "mainmast1n" ; :wordnet "mainmast" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mast'' that is the largest or tallest of the masts on a sailing ship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mainmast' in WordNet: 1. mainmast - (the chief mast of a sailing vessel with two or more masts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mast . :MainPipeline :wnsense "main1n" ; :wordnet "main" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MainPipeline'' is a large pipeline from which smaller pipes branch, ultimately to reach the end users. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'main' in WordNet: 2. main - (a principal pipe in a system that distributes water or gas or electricity or that collects sewage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :PathArtifact, :Pipeline, :TransportFacility . :MainRoad :en "main road", "main thoroughfare" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MainRoad'' is a ''Roadway' at least two miles long. This can be inside a town, so is not necessarily a ''Highway'', but ''Highway'' is a subtype. A ''MainRoad'' can be located within a singe municipality, this is here to distinguish roads that extend over several neghborhoods ot towns or states from shorter roads. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Simple, :PublicProperty, :Roadway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInMeters ] ; owl:disjointWith :LocalRoad . :MainSail :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :Sailboat ; :isUsedBy :Sailboat ; :wnsense "mainsail1n" ; :wordnet "mainsail" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The largest sail of a sailboat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mainsail' in WordNet: 1. mainsail - (the lowermost sail on the mainmast) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sail, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MainMast ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ] . :MainSection :en "body of a document", "body of a message", "main document section" ; :wnsense "body9n" ; :wordnet "body" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''MainSection'' of a DocumentPart is the single ''DocumentPart'' that is not solely an ''AdditionalInformation'' section, though it may contain ''AdditionalInformation'' such as footnotes and references, or in the case of short messages, the 'body' as contrasted with addressing, salutations, dates, or other preliminary or posscript information. Includes but is broadeer than noun sense 9 of 'body' in WordNet: 9. (1) body - (the central message of a communication; 'the body of the message was short') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentPart ; owl:disjointWith :Addendum, :IntroductionToDocument . :MainframeComputer :wnsense "mainframe computer1n", "mainframe1n" ; :wordnet "mainframe", "mainframe computer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """usually found in large organizations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mainframe' in WordNet: 1. mainframe, mainframe computer - (a large digital computer serving 100-400 users and occupying a special air-conditioned room) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultipleUserComputer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LargeGroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :MaingaSputteringSound :wnsense "sputter1v" ; :wordnet "sputter" ; a :RecurringActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sputter' in WordNet: 1. (1) sputter - (make an explosive sound; 'sputtering engines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Popping ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Mainland :wnsense "mainland1n" ; :wordnet "mainland" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Mainland'' is the largest ''LandArea'' of some Country or Continent that is not an ''Island'' or 'Peninsula''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mainland' in WordNet: 1. (3) mainland - (the main land mass of a country or continent; as distinguished from an island or peninsula) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Island, :Peninsula . :MaintainingAnExposition a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MaintainingAnExposition'' is a ''GuardingProperty'' where the 'property' is an ''Exposition'' located in some type of ''MuseumBuilding''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuardingProperty, :MaintainingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Exposition ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :MuseumBuilding ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Curator ] . :MaintainingAnObject :eng "holding", "maintaining" ; :ldoce "maintain" ; :wnsense "hold2v", "keep1v", "maintain1v", "maintain2v", "maintain6v", "maintenance1n" ; :wordnet "hold", "keep", "maintain", "maintenance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MaintainingAnObject' includes as subtypes repairs, cleaning, and preventive maintenance, as well as preserving, and is restricted to actions on PhysicalObjects . This type does not include 'guarding' which is represented by 'GuardingSomething', nor health care events; the objects dealt with are inanimate objects or in some cases simple organisms that can be preserved, e.g. in a frozen state; but it does not include caring for or rearing plants or animals; for those actions, use 'TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay', 'FeedingAnOrganism' and its subtypes. Includes parts of verb senses 1, 3 and 6 of 'maintain' and noun sense 1 of 'maintenance' in WordNet, not including actions (e.g. feeding) to keep living things in good condition: in WordNet: 1. (41) keep, maintain, hold - (keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., 'keep clean'; 'hold in place'; 'She always held herself as a lady'; 'The students keep me on my toes') WN noun 'maintenance': 1. (6) care, maintenance, upkeep - (activity involved in maintaining something in good working order; 'he wrote the manual on car care') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingCareOfSomething . :MaintainingHealth :en "health maintenance", "maintaining health" ; :enn "health maintenance", "maintaining health" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MaintainingHealth'' is the generic Group of intentional Actions taken by one or more people and health care providers to maintain ''Health'' or, when it deteriorates, to restore it or maintain the most functionality and longest life possible. This does not include the routine eating or bodily functions, only Actions specifically performed with the expectation that they will reduce chances of illness or prolong life. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAnimalTreated ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoodHealth ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HealthCareEvent ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :MaintainingaBuilding :wnsense "care6n", "maintenance1n", "upkeep1n" ; :wordnet "care", "maintenance", "upkeep" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MaintainingaBuilding'' is a ''GuardingProperty'' where the 'property' is a ''Building'' such as an ''ApartmentBuilding''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maintenance' in WordNet: 1. (6) care, maintenance, upkeep - (activity involved in maintaining something in good working order; 'he wrote the manual on car care') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuardingProperty, :MaintainingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ; owl:someValuesFrom :Building ] . :Majestic :isMoreIntenseThan :Magnificent, :Stately ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Majesty ; :wnsense "majestic1adj", "olympian3adj" ; :wordnet "majestic", "olympian" ; a :AppearanceType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is of the highest degree in impressiveness, excellence, and scale, producing a very strong and favorable impression on the observer. Includes RHW 'majestic': characterized by or possessing majesty; of lofty dignity or imposing aspect; stately; grand: the majestic Alps. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'majestic' in WordNet: 1. (1) majestic, olympian - (majestic in manner or bearing; superior to mundane matters; 'his majestic presence'; 'olympian detachment'; 'olympian beauty and serene composure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Magnificent, :Stately . :Majesty :wnsense "loftiness2n", "majesty1n", "stateliness2n" ; :wordnet "loftiness", "majesty", "stateliness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality/state more impressive than ''Magnificence'', suggesting a Quality that is seldom exceeded. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'majesty' in WordNet: 1. (1) stateliness, majesty, loftiness - (impressiveness in scale or proportion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Magnificence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Majestic ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Major :isTheOppositeOf :Unimportant ; :wnsense "major1adj" ; :wordnet "major" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - people, events, objects - that are considered - by some person(s) - as very important (for somepurpose). This is a higher degree of 'Important', and is inconsistent with 'Unimportant'. This is an attribute that can be used to mark things that, for some purpose, must be considered in making a decision. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'major' in WordNet: 1. (39) major - (of greater importance or stature or rank; 'a major artist'; 'a major role'; 'major highways') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Important ; owl:disjointWith :Unimportant . :Major-Military :guid "47e54f9e-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "major1n" ; :wordnet "major" ; a :PersonType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Rank intermediate between #$Captain-Rank and #$LieutenantColonel-Rank in the US Army and in the US Marine Corps. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'major' in WordNet: 1. (2) major - (a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommissionedOfficer . :MajorGeneral :guid "d32db53e-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "major-general1n" ; :wordnet "major-general" ; a :PersonType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MajorGeneral'' is a ''CommissionedOfficer'' with Rank intermediate between #$BrigadierGeneral and #$LieutenantGeneral in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. In the U.S. Army, a Major General typically commands an instance of #$Division-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'major-general' in WordNet: 1. (3) major-general - (a general officer ranking above a brigadier general and below a lieutenant general) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommissionedOfficer . :MajorTerrainFeature :guid "35df9bee-ed12-41d7-9229-ea20120eea11" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TerrainTypeByMilitaryClassification. Instances of #$MajorTerrainFeature are instances of #$LandTopographicalFeature that are considered major for purposes of military operations. By definition, instances of #$MajorTerrainFeature are any of the the instances of #$MilitaryMajorTerrainType: #$Hill, Saddle, #$Valley, Ridge and Depression.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTopographicalFeature . :Majorette :wnsense "drum majorette1n", "majorette1n" ; :wordnet "drum majorette", "majorette" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not a band conductor - that is represented by ''DrumMajorette''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'majorette' in WordNet: 1. drum majorette, majorette - (a female baton twirler who accompanies a marching band) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conductor, :FemalePerson . :Majority :wnsense "absolute majority1n", "bulk1n", "majority1n", "majority2n" ; :wordnet "absolute majority", "bulk", "majority" ; a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Majority'' is a ''FractionalPartOfaGroup'' in which the value of the ''hasFractionMeasure'' relation is ''ER_0.5-1'' (another way of expressing ''GreaterThanHalf''). Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'majority' in WordNet: 1. (17) majority, bulk - (the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part; 'the majority of his customers prefer it'; 'the bulk of the work is finished') 2. (5) majority, absolute majority - ((elections) more than half of the votes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalPartOfaGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheMajorityOf ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue ; owl:onProperty :hasFractionMeasure ] . :Make :wnsense "brand2n", "make1n" ; :wordnet "brand", "make" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A broad type of commercial product that was made in more than one type. A''Make''would cover a larger range of products than a ''Model''. It usually has a distinguishing name. ~~1343 For cars, one often asks for 'make and model' - 'Toyota Camry' or 'Buick Century' for example. The 'make' may take the same name as the manufacturer, or the name of a subdivision. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'make' in WordNet: 1. (1) brand, make - (a recognizable kind; 'there's a new brand of hero in the movies now'; 'what make of car is that?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sort . :Makeover :wnsense "makeover1n" ; :wordnet "makeover" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'makeover' in WordNet: 1. makeover - (an overall beauty treatment (involving a person's hair style and cosmetics and clothing) intended to change or improve a person's appearance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeautyTreatment, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonalAppearance ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StylingHair ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingMakeup ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Maker :wnsense "maker1n" ; :wordnet "maker" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person or other ''IntelligentAgent''in the Role of the one who actually made (created) a ''PhysicalObject'' by some physical process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maker' in WordNet: 1. (8) maker, shaper - (a person who makes things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creator, :IntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaPhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ] . :Makeshift :isAnAttributeValueOf :MakeshiftThing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Improvising ; :pertainsTo :MakeshiftThing ; :wnsense "improvised1adj", "jury-rigged1adj", "makeshift1adj" ; :wordnet "improvised", "jury-rigged", "makeshift" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'makeshift' in Wordnet: 1. (1) improvised, jury-rigged, makeshift - (done or made using whatever is available; 'crossed the river on improvised bridges'; 'the survivors used jury-rigged fishing gear'; 'the rock served as a makeshift hammer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MakeshiftThing :wnsense "make-do1n", "makeshift1n", "stopgap1n" ; :wordnet "make-do", "makeshift", "stopgap" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MakeshiftThing'' is any ''Expedient'' (an Action, Method, PhysicalOject) that is actually used, not just potentially useful, for some PurposefulAction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'makeshift' in WordNet: 1. makeshift, stopgap, make-do - (something contrived to meet an urgent need or emergency) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expedient, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PurposefulAction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Makeshift ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Makeup :en "cosmetics" ; :enn "cosmetics" ; :guid "bd58d7f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cosmetic1n", "make-up1n", "makeup2n", "war paint3n" ; :wordnet "cosmetic", "make-up", "makeup", "war paint" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type represents any PhysicalSubstance intended to be applied to the skin of a human. Individual objects containing Makeup are not represented here. The term is also used collectively in English to refer to multiple ''MakeupObject''s Cyc: Consumable products used in improving one's appearance. Includes noun sense 1 of 'cosmetic' and sense 2 of 'makeup' in WordNet, (but no distinction here between the stuff in a bottle and the stuff after application) in WordNet: WN 'cosmetic': 1. cosmetic - (a toiletry designed to beautify the body) WN 'makeup': 2. (1) makeup, make-up, war paint - (cosmetics applied to the face to improve or change your appearance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoatingMaterial, :ToiletrySubstance . :MakeupKit :en "makeup kit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MakeupKit'' is a ''KitAndContents'' in which the contents are ''MakeupObject''s. @mod49 """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equipment, :KitAndContents, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingMakeup ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakeupObject ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :MakeupObject :en "article of makeup", "maquillage" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MakeupObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that continas some quantity of ''Makeup'' (a substance) and is small enough to fit inside a ''Purse''. Conveniently carried so as to be able to apply''Makeup'' when not at home. No WN sense found. This type includes RHW 'maquillage': = RHW 'makeup' senses 1,2 and 5 1. facial cosmetics, as eye shadow or lipstick. 2. cosmetics used on other parts of the body, as to cover birthmarks. 5. the total ensemble of cosmetics, wigs, costumes, etc., used by an actor or other performer. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, :PhysicalObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Makeup ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :MakingAGesture :eng "gesticulating" ; :guid "bd58f623-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gesticulate1v", "gesticulation1n", "gesture1v", "gesture2n", "motion1v" ; :wordnet "gesticulate", "gesticulation", "gesture", "motion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ''MakingAGesture'' is an Action, and that Action will create one or more ''Gestures''s, which are ''Configuration''s of body parts. See also ''Gesture''. Cyc: The collection of acts of #$IBOCreation done by an #$Animal (including #$Person) arranging its limbs or other body parts (and whatever objects the limbs might be holding) in some meaningful configuration (static or dynamic). Vocal #$IBTGenerations are not considered to be gestures (see #$MakingAnOralSound for this), but they might be done in conjunction with gestures. NB: #$MakingAGesture is NOT a subcollection of #$NonVerbalCommunicating; at most, an instance of #$MakingAGesture is only half of a communication event. And someone can make a gesture while alone, without using it for communication. Thus, only some gestures are #$subEvents of #$NonVerbalCommunicating. (But note that #$MakingAGesture IS a subcollection of #$IBTGeneration-Original (q.v.), since every gesture encodes information, whether or not it is used for communication in a particular instance.) In SUMO called 'Gesture' SUMO: Any BodyMotion, e.g. a hand wave, a nod of the head, a smile, which is also an instance of Communication. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gesture' in Wordnet: 1. (3) gesticulate, gesture, motion - (show, express or direct through movement; 'He gestured his desire to leave') WN noun 'gesticulation': 1. gesticulation - (a deliberate and vigorous gesture or motion) WN noun 'gesture': 2. (8) gesture, motion - (the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :Indicating, :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, :Signal, :VisualInformationGeneratingAct, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Gesture ] . :MakingAPromise :guid "bd5efc08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "promise" ; :wnsense "promise1v", "promise2v" ; :wordnet "promise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which a Promise is conveyed from one IntelligentAgent to another. This does not require anything in return. CYC: A specialization of #$Informing and #$ObligationCreatingEvent. Each instance of #$MakingAPromise is an event in which someone promises to do something, thereby creating an obligation to do that thing. The restriction requires that for each instance of a MakingAPromise the content of the Promise must be represented - and vice versa. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'promise' in WordNet: 1. (26) promise, assure - (make a promise or commitment) 2. (11) promise - (promise to undertake or give; 'I promise you my best effort') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Committing, :Informing, :ObligationCreatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Promise ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Promise ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PromisedAction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ] . :MakingAThreat :en "make a threat", "making a threat" ; :eng "making a threat" ; :env "make a threat" ; :guid "be52e7ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: an attempted intimidation. In Cyc this is a subtype of Intimidation, but we leave that term for a successful threat. This is a human-specific activity. NOTE: this sense of ''MakingaThreat'' is threatening for the purpose of intimidating. A 'Threatening' that is not an attempt to intimidate is represented by ''Threatening''. NOTE: the 'threat; need not be of bodily harm but can be a contingent warning of any negative consequence that the Agent of the threatening may cause if the threatened agent does not comply with the stated consition(s). 'Threatening' to call the Police is an example. Cyc: A collection of all acts of making a threat. When an agent makes a threat, that agent conveys to a #$recipientOfInfo that he wishes to make the content of the threat true. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Threatening, :WarningAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntimidatingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :MakingAnActionIllegal :en "making an action illegal" ; :enn "making an action illegal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingAnActionIllegal'' is a ''Legislating'' Action that creates a Law making some ''HumanActivity'' ''Illegal''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, :Forbidding, :Legislating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalityValue ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illegal ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :MakingAnAgreement :en "come to an agreement", "make an agreement" ; :eng "agreeing" ; :guid "bd58a184-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "agree" ; :wnsense "agree2v" ; :wordnet "agree" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CreationEvent, #$CooperationEvent and #$Communicating. Each instance of #$MakingAnAgreement is an event in which two or more agents specify the terms of an agreement (see the collection #$Agreement) to which they will be agreeing parties (see the predicate #$agreeingAgents), and subsequently enter into that agreement. Specializations of #$MakingAnAgreement include #$EngagementEventPart-BecomingEngaged, #$EmployeeHiring, #$DeclaringCeaseFire, and #$MakingAReservation. See also #$BreakingAnAgreement. Each ''MakingAnAgreement'' has as subevents at least two agents ''MakingAPromise''. This is a subtype of 'Acceptance'' as it includes both offer and accepance. NOTE the parent types - ''Benefiting'' may not seem to be quite applicable, but an ''Agreement'' if voluntary ('cooperating') should benefit both agreeing parties. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'agree' in WordNet: 2. (25) agree - (consent or assent to a condition, or agree to do something; 'She agreed to all my conditions'; 'He agreed to leave her alone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acceptance, :AgreeingEvent, :Benefiting, :CooperationEvent, :LinguisticCommunication, :MakingAPromise, :ObligationCreatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingAPromise ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NaturalLanguage ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Agreement :AgreementType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObligationToAdhereToTerms ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgreementToAdhereToConditions ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :I_accept ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asking ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asking ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ] . :MakingAnAppointment :ldoce "agree" ; :wnsense "agree2v" ; :wordnet "agree" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingAnAppointment' is a 'MakingTwoAgentAgreement' that produces an ''Appontment'', an agreement to meet at some future time and place.. This is a 'two agent agreement' but either agent could be a GroupOfPeople, so the number of people in each contemplated meeting is not limited, but must have two agents r two roups of agents facing each other for some purpose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaTwoAgentAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Appointment ] . :MakingAnOralSound :eng "uttering" ; :guid "bd589df6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "emit3v", "let loose1n", "let out1v", "utter2v" ; :wordnet "emit", "let loose", "let out", "utter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO NOTE: this type of Action is restricted to instances in which an AudibleSound is produced with the mouth. This icludes animal sounds made with the animal's mouth. Cyc: The collection of actions in which the lips and other mouth parts are used to make sound. #$MakingAnOralSound means the event in which sound is produced more-or-less voluntarily, using the mouth, mouth portal, lips, and tongue.- Kean, July 11, 1997. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'utter' in Wordnet: 2. (3) utter, emit, let out, let loose - (express audibly; utter sounds (not necessarily words); 'She let out a big heavy sigh'; 'He uttered strange sounds that nobody could understand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AudibleSound ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :MakingArrangements :ldoce "arrange" ; :wnsense "arrange2v" ; :wordnet "arrange" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MakingArrangements' is a very broad type that includes any Action taken to facilitate the accomplishment of some other Action. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'arrange' in WordNet: 2. (7) arrange, fix up - (make arrangements for; 'Can you arrange a meeting with the President?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparingForSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :MakingCoffee-TheBeverage :guid "bd5902c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Brewing coffee - doesn't include instant coffee." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparingABeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coffee ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :MakingFacialExpression :guid "bd58c58d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "make a face1v", "pull a face1v" ; :wordnet "make a face", "pull a face" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BodyMovementEvent. Each instance of #$MakingFacialExpression is an event during which the configuration of a particular animal's face changes. Such a change is usually (but not always) associated with the expression of some emotion by the animal in question. SUMO: (FacialExpression) Any Gesture whose instrument is the Face. COSMO note: A Gesture is considered a 'Communication'. Borderline - are all facial expressions communications? Perhaps reconsider. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'make a face' (grimacing is a subtype) in WordNet: 1. grimace, make a face, pull a face - (contort the face to indicate a certain mental or emotional state; 'He grimaced when he saw the amount of homework he had to do') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAGesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :FacialExpressionType ] . :MakingHay :en "making hay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingHay'' is a ''RaisingCrops'' where some 'grass' plant is cltivated and the resulting crop is processed into ''Hay''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RaisingCrops, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hay ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meadow ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :MakingMultipleCopies a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingMultipleCopies'' is the Action of producing PhysicalObjects in multiple numbers of the same basic object using some Device that ensures that the copies are closely identical, i.e. this cannot be applied to manual production such as handwriting a text. The items produced are instances of ''InstanceCopy''. There may be some variation,as in color or added features without changing the identity of the ''InstanceCopy''. The subtype ''MassProduction'' is a common example, but this type can also be applied to 'special orders' for multiple but not very large numbers of the same type of item. THe number should be large enough that more than a few people can say that they have a 'copy' of that item. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaPhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:minCardinality "50" ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :MakingMusic :causes :Music ; :en "make music", "making music" ; :guid "be42a9b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "music3n" ; :wordnet "music" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingMusic'' is any Action in which a Person does something - with the voice or an instrument - that causes a musical sound (''Music''). CYC ('MakingMusicalSound'): The collection of acts of an agent producing #$Music sounds, including #$Singing, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, and #$Whistling-Human. The production of music by a mechanical device not directly controlled by an agent (such as a radio speaker or a water-powered prayer wheel) is not a member of this collection, but of the more general #$ProducingMusicalSound. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'music' in WordNet: 3. (2) music - (musical activity (singing or whistling etc.); 'his music was his central interest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, :IBTGeneration, :InformationTransferEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :MakingPatMoustached :alwaysCauses :MakingPatMoustached ; :hadObjectModified :PatrickCassidy ; :objectHasAttributeAfter :Mustachioed ; :wasPerformedByAgent :PatrickCassidy ; a :Action, :ImpartingAnAttribute . :MakingPolicy :en "making a policy", "making policy", "policy-making" ; :enn "making a policy", "making policy", "policy-making" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingPolicy'' is a ''Deciding'' by one or more People on whether to adopt a ''Policy'' on some ''Issue'' and if so, what that ''Policy'' should be. This can be done by one or more people by any means, including meetings, legislation, referendum or just one Person ''Deciding'' how to handle a problem, such as a family matter. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deciding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Policy ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GovernmentalOrganization :GroupOfPeople :PersonType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PolicyProposal ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Policy-Making ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MakingRulesCollectively a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingRulesCollectively'' includes any Action or GroupOfActions which include some ''FormalMeeting'' at which at least one Rule is created, though not necesarily at every meeting. This includes legislating by legislative bodies at any level, and decision making by committees of public or private Organizations. The 'decisions' made by such groups will typically involve creatg some Rue or guidance for behavior, but decisions that do not affect behavior (expressing an opinion, naming something) would not be an instance of ''MakingRulesCollectively''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deciding-Collectively, :Event-Organized, :MakingaRule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :FormalMeeting ] . :MakingSomeoneDrunk :en "get drunk" ; :eng "getting drunk" ; :env "get drunk" ; :wnsense "inebriate2v", "intoxicate2v", "soak6v" ; :wordnet "inebriate", "intoxicate", "soak" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingSomeoneDrunk'' is an ''IntoxicatingAnAgent'' in which a Person becomes 'Drunk' by ingestion of sufficient ''AlcoholicBeverage''s. This represents mostly a voluntary Action of one person, though others may encourage a Person to become Drunk in various ways. So this is intransitive as well as transitive, though the phraseology suggests a transitive sense. Corresponds to verb sense 2 'intoxicate' in WordNet: 2. intoxicate, soak, inebriate - (make drunk (with alcoholic drinks)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntoxicatingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drunk ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inebriation ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :MakingSomeoneFurious :wnsense "madden3v" ; :wordnet "madden" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingSomeoneFurious'' is an ''Angering'' Event that causes someone to become ''Furious'' - intensely ''Angry'', i.e. to experience ''Rage''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'madden' in WordNet: 3. madden - (make mad; 'His behavior is maddening') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Furious ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rage ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :MakingSomethingAtHome :wnsense "homemade1adj" ; :wordnet "homemade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingSomethingAtHome''is the act of MakingaPhysicalObject at a Residence of the maker, rather than at some facility used for making multiple copies of a prodctfor sale. The Object thus made is ''HomeMade'', and may or may not be made with the intention of sellng it to others or using it for one's own purposes. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'homemade' in Wordnet: 1. (1) homemade - (made or produced in the home or by yourself; 'homemade bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandCrafting, :ImprovementEvent, :MakingaPhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residence ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ; owl:someValuesFrom :ResidentialBuilding ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HomeMade ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :MakingSomethingAvailable :en "making something available" ; :enn "making something available" ; :guid "bd58a246-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all activities in which an #$Agent makes it possible for another #$Agent to use (but not necessarily own) a good or service.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity . :MakingSomethingBySewing :ldoce "sew" ; :wnsense "sew2v" ; :wordnet "sew" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'MakingSomethingBySewing' is an act of MakingaPhysicalObject in which several pieces of cloth are assembled into a usable object by one or more Events of 'Sewing'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sew' in WordNet: 2. sew, tailor, tailor-make - (create (clothes) with cloth; 'Can the seamstress sew me a suit by next week?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assembling, :ImprovementEvent, :MakingaPhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sewing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :FabricObject ] . :MakingSomethingMoreCompact :en "compacting" ; :enn "compacting" ; :guid "da8801e2-1e6c-41d7-9ed3-9d945914913d" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which something becomes more compact, e.g. by #$Folding or #$Compressing. NOTE there are several subtypes, this is just to collect the subtypes under one general type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeChange . :MakingSomethingNoticeable :ldoce "show" ; :wnsense "demonstration1n", "show2v", "show3v", "show4v", "show6v", "show7v", "show8v" ; :wordnet "demonstration", "show" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MakingSomethingNoticeable' is an Action in which some Animal performs some act that provides evidence to others of some fact that can be inferred from the Action. The Animal may or may not intend its Action to provide this information (as in showing emotion unintentionally). This is a very broad general concept that includes the notion of showing emotion, showing an ability (or inability) by performing an act, and showing some physical object to others. This includes actions of scientists doing experiments, and mathematicians doing proofs, but does not apply to the evidence itself or to the proofs themselves (as MentalObjects or SymbolicObjects), because only animals can be the agent of this type of Action. The restriction uses the specific relation 'showsEvidenceOf' to point to the thing that was made noticeable ('shown', intentionally or unintentionally). This sense Includes verb senses 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, and part of sense 3 (the part that describes an action of an Animal, not just the result of a test) of 'show', and also noun sense 1 of 'demonstration' in WordNet: 1. (134) show, demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate - (show or demonstrate something to an interested audience; 'She shows her dogs frequently'; 'We will demo the new software in Washington') 2. (66) prove, demonstrate, establish, show, shew - (establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; 'The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound'; 'The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture') 3. (57) testify, bear witness, prove, evidence, show - (provide evidence for; 'The blood test showed that he was the father'; 'Her behavior testified to her incompetence') 4. (43) show - (make visible or noticeable; 'She showed her talent for cooking'; 'Show me your etchings, please') 6. (24) express, show, evince - (give expression to; 'She showed her disappointment') 7. (24) indicate, point, show - (indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively; 'I showed the customer the glove section'; 'He pointed to the empty parking space'; 'he indicated his opponents') 8. (14) reveal, display, show - (make clear and visible; 'The article revealed the policies of the government') WN noun 'demonstration': 1. (8) presentation, presentment, demonstration - (a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view; 'the presentation of new data'; 'he gave the customer a demonstration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :showsEvidenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Event :EventType :Group ) ] ] . :MakingStuffFromMaterials :eng "making" ; :ldoce "make", "produce" ; :wnsense "make6v", "produce2v" ; :wordnet "make", "produce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingStuffFromMaterials'' is a 'MakingaPhysicalSubstance'' in which some quantities of different substances (and perhaps objects) are brought together to produce another type of substance. This is here to represent the WordNet 'create from raw material' as a parent for ''Brewing''. Other uses for this type would be industrial chemical manufacturing. NOTE that this is an intentional process,so most of the subtypes of 'ChemicalReaction'' would not need this parent. The starting materials would be pointed to by a ''#hadChangedEntity\"'' restriction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaPhysicalSubstance, :ProcessingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :MakingTea :guid "bd58c4c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "brew2v" ; :wordnet "brew" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MakingTea'' is a ''MakingStuffFromMaterials'' in which ''TeaLeaves'' are immersed in hot water for a short time to extract the soluble materials, called ''Tea''. CYC: MakingTea-TheBeverage Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'brew' in WordNet: 2. brew - (sit or let sit in boiling water so as to extract the flavor; 'the tea is brewing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExtractingBySteeping, :MakingStuffFromMaterials, :PreparingABeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeaLeaves ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tea ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :MakingToast :en "making toast", "toasting bread" ; :guid "bd58bdf8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ToastingSomething'' with Bread or a BreadObject as the thing changed by heating. CYC Subjecting a slice of bread to heat for about 5 minutes, allowing its surface to brown. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToastingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toast ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreadObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :MakingWrittenMaterial :guid "bd58f7e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "get down6v", "put down6v", "set down1v", "write down1v" ; :wordnet "get down", "put down", "set down", "write down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which an #$InformationBearingObject (a PhysicalObject) containing written material is created. Includes #$Writing, and the reproduction of #$TextualMaterial. COSMO note: Not all instance of ''MakingWrittenMaterial'' produce a ''Document-Physical''. For that use subtype ''DocumentCreation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'write down' in WordNet: 1. (4) write down, set down, get down, put down - (put down in writing; of texts, musical compositions, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaPhysicalObject, :MakingaRecord, :UsingALanguage . :MakingaBoomingSound :wnsense "boom1v", "din1v" ; :wordnet "boom", "din" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaBoomingSound'' is to emit a ''Boom'' by any means, explosives,thunder, low-frequency bell or drum. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'boom' in WordNet: 1. (5) boom, din - (make a resonant sound, like artillery; 'His deep voice boomed through the hall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boom ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :MakingaContract :eng "contracting" ; :wnsense "contract1v" ; :wordnet "contract" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MakingaContract' is a subtype of 'MakingAnAgreement' in which the agreement is a ''Contract', i.e. a binding Agreement that specifies mutual obligations of each participant. Each ''MakingaContract'' produces mutual Obligations on the participating ''ContractingAgents''. The verb 'contract' will typically have some auxiliary preposition attached - contract with,contract for, contract to. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contract' in WordNet: 1. (8) contract, undertake - (enter into a contractual arrangement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaDeal, :TwoAgentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Contract ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Obligation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContractingAgents ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :MakingaCopy :wnsense "copy3v", "copy4v", "re-create2v", "replicate2v", "reproduce1v" ; :wordnet "copy", "re-create", "replicate", "reproduce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaCopy'' is type of ''Creation'' in which the thing made is a (more or less exact) 'copy' of something that exists or used to exist. The 'copy' can be a PhysicalObject or an abstractObject, or an Action, or anything. It is usually a PhysicalObject, even when, as in ''IBTCopying'' the thing made may only be a pattern of electrical charges in a computer that represents some information. One subtype is ''Revitalization'', which includes revivals of plays, traditions, etc. NOTE that some things here categorized as subtypes of ''MakingaCopy'' do not leave the original intact, such as ''Modification'' (or in SciFi, teleportation). This interpretation may not be useful. Corresponds to verb senses 3 and 4 of 'copy' in WordNet: 3. replicate, copy - (reproduce or make an exact copy of; 'replicate the cell'; 'copy the genetic information') 4. copy, re-create - (make a replica of; 'copy that drawing'; 're-create a picture by Rembrandt') WN verb 'reproduce': 1. (13) reproduce - (make a copy or equivalent of; 'reproduce the painting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Creation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingCopiedOrImitated ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Copy :ObjectType :ActionType ) ] ] . :MakingaCrashingSound :ldoce "crash" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """MakingaCrashingSound is any Event which caused a CrashingSound to occur. A crashing sound itself is represented as 'CrashingSound'. This sense does not appear to be represented in WordNet.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrashingSound ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :MakingaCrunchingSound :wnsense "crackle2v", "crunch1v", "scranch1v", "scraunch1v" ; :wordnet "crackle", "crunch", "scranch", "scraunch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'crunch' in WordNet: 1. (1) crunch, scranch, scraunch, crackle - (make crunching noises; 'his shoes were crunching on the gravel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrunchingSound ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :MakingaDeal :ldoce "deal" ; :wnsense "deal6v" ; :wordnet "deal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of 'MakingAnAgreement' in which the agreement produced is a'Deal', specifying obligations of the participating parties. Includes but is broader than verb sense 6 of 'deal' in WordNet: 6. (4) deal, sell, trade - (do business; offer for sale as for one's livelihood; 'She deals in gold'; 'The brothers sell shoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Deal ] . :MakingaFarewellGesture :en "make a farewell gesture" ; :eng "making a farewell gesture" ; :env "make a farewell gesture" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAGesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FarewellGesture ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :MakingaGain :en "advancing" ; :ldoce "advance" ; :wnsense "acquire5v", "advance6v", "gain ground1v", "gain2v", "gain3v", "gain5v", "get ahead1v", "make headway1v", "pull ahead1v", "win2v", "win3v" ; :wordnet "acquire", "advance", "gain", "gain ground", "get ahead", "make headway", "pull ahead", "win" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaGain'' is an ImprovementEvent in which some IntelligentAgent improves his/her/its situation in some respect by 'gaining' something, physical or abstract, so that the situation improves in the direction of some definable goal state. This is not for physical motion. @mod65 . It could apply to economic progress, personal development, progress in creation of some artifact, progress toward some goal of a group, or many other things in which a gain of something is considered as 'progress'. This is an abstract sense of 'gain' or 'advance' that includes physical gains or advances as subtypes. For physical movement forward, use 'AdvancingEvent'. RHW noun 'gain' 14. profit or advantage. 15. an increase or advance. 17. the act of gaining; acquisition. Includes verb senses 2, 3, and 5 of 'gain', noun sense 4 and part of verb sense 1 (for figurative progress toward a goal) of 'advance' in WordNet: 2. (13) acquire, win, gain - (win something through one's efforts; 'I acquired a passing knowledge of Chinese'; 'Gain an understanding of international finance') 3. (7) profit, gain, benefit - (derive a benefit from; 'She profited from his vast experience') 5. (2) gain, advance, win, pull ahead, make headway, get ahead, gain ground - (obtain advantages, such as points, etc.; 'The home team was gaining ground'; 'After defeating the Knicks, the Blazers pulled ahead of the Lakers in the battle for the number-one playoff berth in the Western Conference') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent . :MakingaGarmentBySewing :ldoce "sew" ; :wnsense "sew2v" ; :wordnet "sew" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MakingSomethingBySewing'' is a ''MakingSomethingBySewing' in which several the 'something' is a ''Garment''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sew' in WordNet: 2. sew, tailor, tailor-make - (create (clothes) with cloth; 'Can the seamstress sew me a suit by next week?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingSomethingBySewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Garment ] . :MakingaList :en "compile a list", "compiling a list", "make a list", "making a list" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of creating a 'List'. This includes senses 1 and 3 of the verb 'list' in WordNet: 1. (24) list, name - (give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of; 'List the states west of the Mississippi') 3. (1) number, list - (enumerate; 'We must number the names of the great mathematicians') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collecting, :CompilingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :List ] . :MakingaMap :eng "mapping" ; :wnsense "map1v" ; :wordnet "map" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaMap'' is the act of producing a ''GeographicMap''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'map' in WordNet: 1. (3) map - (make a map of; show or establish the features of details of; 'map the surface of Venus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationTransferEvent, :MakingaPhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Map :GeographicMap ) ] ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GeographicMap ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :MakingaMechanicalDrawing :en "make a mechanical drawing" ; :eng "making a mechanical drawing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaMechanicalDrawing'' is the Action of creating a hand-rendered ''MechanicalDrawing''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drawing-Depicting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MechanicalDrawing ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :MakingaMoneyLoan a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaMoneyLoan'' is a 'MakingaContract' in which the ''Contract' is an agreement for one party to lend money to another, and the other party to pay it back in some form at some time. This type includes the actions of both borower and seller. This type is only for loans of *Money* - other loans can be represented by ''Borrowing' or ''Lending''. This Action includes the Actions of both parties (''Borrowing'' and 'Lending'') , though the parties have different perspectives and results. This Action can be represented from each of the individual parties separately, but as of rev1389 those perspectives are not separated out. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaContract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loan ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Loan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Owing ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Borrowing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lending ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lender ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Borrower ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MakingaMortgageAgreement :CYC "Mortgaging" ; :en "mortgaging a property", "take out a mortgage", "taking out a mortgage" ; :eng "mortgaging" ; :guid "be093122-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """;;MakingaMortgageAgreement; is a ''MakingaLoan'' in which the Loan is secured by an interest in some property, often a private residence.. CYC 'Mortgaging': The collection of #$MakingAnAgreement events in which money is borrowed and a claim against the borrower's property is given to secure the loan. See #$MortgageAgreement. This Action includes the Actions of both parties (''Borrowing'' and 'Lending'') , though the parties have different perspectives and results. This Action can be represented from each of the individual parties separately, but as of rev1389 those perspectives are not separated out. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancingaPurchase, :MakingaMoneyLoan, :MakingaTwoAgentContract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :MortgageAgreement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Borrowing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lending ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lender ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Borrower ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ; owl:someValuesFrom :BuyingRealEstate ] . :MakingaMovie :wnsense "film making1n", "movie making1n", "moviemaking1n" ; :wordnet "film making", "movie making", "moviemaking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaMovie'' is a ''MakingaPictureOrMovie'' (''CreatingaConceptualWork'') in which the thing created is an abstract ''Movie''. For the component act of actually 'filming' the movie (operating the camera) use subtype ''FilmingaMovie''. This includes all actions involved in making the movie, including all the supporting work performed by Persons helping in the production. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'movie making' in WordNet: 1. moviemaking, movie making, film making - (the production of movies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingaConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ; owl:someValuesFrom :Movie ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ; owl:someValuesFrom :Movie ] . :MakingaPaymentOnTime :en "make an on time payment", "making a payment on time", "making an on time payment", "on time payment", "pay on time", "paying on time" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaPaymentOnTime'' is a 'MeetingaDeadlne'' in which the task required is ''PayingWithMoney'' (which could be part of a ''RepayingWithMoney'') to satisfy some agreement (often a loan or other or of time payments, including pensions and other periodic payments from Organizations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FulfillingAnObligation, :MeetingaDeadlne, :PayingWithMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prompt ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MakingaPensionPayment a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaPensionPayment'' is an ''InstallmentPayment'' that is *one* of the periodic Payment actions that pay a ''Pension'' to a Retiree.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InstallmentPayment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PensionPayment ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :MakingaPhysicalObject :eng "making" ; :guid "bd58fe38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "make", "produce", "production" ; :wnsense "create2v", "generate2v", "give11v", "make15v", "make28v", "make6v", "produce2v", "production1n", "production3n", "render4v", "yield3v" ; :wordnet "create", "generate", "give", "make", "produce", "production", "render", "yield" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is for creating a PhysicalObject by means of a PurposefulPhysicalAction; the thing made is therefore an 'ArtifactObject'. Growing crops (planting and cultivation) is a borderline included sense of 'MakingaPhysicalObject' For creating a ConceptualWork, use 'CreatingaConceptualWork'. In the case of Writing, both kinds of Creation, of an abstract and physical artifact, is usually occurring at the same time. For producing artifacts for sale use 'Manufacturing' Cyc: A collection of creation events - a specialization of both #$CreatingAnArtifact and #$PhysicalCreationEvent (qq.v.). Each instance of this collection involves some #$PartiallyTangible thing being made (by some #$Agent-PartiallyTangible) from raw materials or from parts. The end result (see #$productsCreated) might or might not be a #$Product. Examples include baking a loaf of bread and assembling a high-fidelity audio component. See also the more specialized #$Constructing. In SUMO called 'Making': The subclass of Creation in which an individual Artifact or a type of Artifact is made. Includes verb senses 6, 15, and 28 of 'make' and sense 2 of 'produce' and noun senses 1 and 3 of 'production' and sense 3 of 'yield' in WordNet, but excludes production of abstract things like poetry: in WordNet: 6. (53) produce, make, create - (create or manufacture a man-made product; We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries) 15. (9) make - (make by shaping or bringing together constituents; make a dress; make a cake; make a wall of stones) 28. (2) cook, fix, ready, make, prepare - (prepare for eating by applying heat; Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?; fix breakfast for the guests, please) WN 'production' 1. (229) production - ((economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; 'he introduced more efficient methods of production') 3. (134) production - (the act or process of producing something; 'Shakespeare's production of poetry was enormous'; 'the production of white blood cells') WN verb 'yield': 3. (4) render, yield, return, give, generate - (give or supply; 'The cow brings in 5 liters of milk'; 'This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn'; 'The estate renders some revenue for the family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, :PhysicalCreationEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObject :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :MakingaPhysicalSubstance :eng "making" ; :ldoce "make", "produce", "production" ; :wnsense "make6v", "produce2v", "production1n", "production3n" ; :wordnet "make", "produce", "production" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MakingaPhysicalSubstance'' is an Action in which some quantity of some ''PhysicalSubstance'' is made by a ''PurposefulAction''. NOTE that the restriction includes 'ArtifactObject'' as the output - this would be some quantity of some substance. This is *not* for cooking, a different type. NOTE: WN has no specific synset for this, it is only distinguished from other type of 'making' by the material (an 'ArtificialSubstance'') produced by human effort. Milking cows is not an example. NOTE: in WordNet: 6. (53) produce, make, create - (create or manufacture a man-made product; We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries) WN 'production' 1. (229) production - ((economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; 'he introduced more efficient methods of production') 3. (134) production - (the act or process of producing something; 'Shakespeare's production of poetry was enormous'; 'the production of white blood cells') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, :PhysicalCreationEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObject :SubstanceType :ArtificialSubstance ) ] ] . :MakingaPictureOrMovie :wnsense "film1v", "shoot4v", "take16v" ; :wordnet "film", "shoot", "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaPictureOrMovie'' is a ''CreatingaConceptualWork'' in which the thing created is an abstract ''Photograph'' or ''Movie''. This is the transitive sense, and can use the 'hasTopic' or ''hasDirectObject'' relation to specify the (abstract) Object or Event that is recorded.. That abstract Object created can be related to the PhysicalObject created when that is needed. For (abstract) Movies specifically, use the subtype ''MakingaMovie'' and for creating a (e.g. celluloid) physical 'film' the type ''FilmingaMovie'' is specific for that. Electronic recording directly to a computer is not yet represented explicitly. NOTE that this represents the making of the *abstract* Movie or Photograph. This also is accompanied by making something Physical (assuming that an electronic file in a computer can be considered as a ''PhysicalObject'') but this allows the reference to the conceptual work without being concerned with which specific PhysicalObject was the original representation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'film' in WordNet: 1. (2) film, shoot, take - (make a film or photograph of something; 'take a scene'; 'shoot a movie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingaConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Movie :AbstractImage ) ] ] . :MakingaPlan :guid "bd590c8d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "plan" ; :wnsense "plan3v" ; :wordnet "plan" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: each 'MakingaPlan' is a type of 'PlaningEvent' in which some plan of action is actually created. The Plan may be represented solely in one personl mind, or may be represented in a formal document. A written Proposal for some action will usually include a Plan, and preparing that Proposal would be an instance of 'MakingaPlan'. Cyc: An instance of #$HumanCapabilityType and a specialization of #$Planning and #$CreatingAnArtifact. Each instance of #$MakingAPlan is an event in which an #$IntelligentAgent generates a #$Plan (q.v.). Note that instances of #$MakingAPlan do not include (for example, as sub-events) the actual implementation of any plan; an actual implementation of a plan will be an activity that follows some instance of this collection. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'plan' in WordNet: 3. (17) plan, project, contrive, design - (make or work out a plan for; devise; 'They contrived to murder their boss'; 'design a new sales strategy'; 'plan an attack') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, :PlanningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plan ; owl:onProperty :typicallyProduces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparingForSituation ; owl:onProperty :typicallyStarts ] . :MakingaQuip :eng "quipping" ; :wnsense "crack6n", "gag4v", "quip1v", "quip2n", "sally1n", "wisecrack1n" ; :wordnet "crack", "gag", "quip", "sally", "wisecrack" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quip' in WordNet: 1. (1) gag, quip - (make jokes or quips; 'The students were gagging during dinner') WN noun 'quip': 2. wisecrack, crack, sally, quip - (witty remark) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JokeTelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Joke ] . :MakingaRecord :wnsense "enter5v", "put down7v", "record1v" ; :wordnet "enter", "put down", "record" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """MakingaRecord is an form of creating a representation of information (an 'IBOCreation'') intended to produce a PhysicalObject (including electronic documents) that have either text or images that can be perceived after the reording event. This includes hand writing a document. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'record' in WordNet: 1. (36) record, enter, put down - (make a record of; set down in permanent form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBOCreation, :StoringInformation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recording ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :MakingaRemark :wnsense "mention2v", "note1v", "observe2v", "remark1v" ; :wordnet "mention", "note", "observe", "remark" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MakingaRemark'' is a ''StatingSomething'' in which the Topic is something that has recently occurred, including other . statements by other people or topics referred to in other statements or Events that are observable. Q: should this be an oral comment? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'remark' in WordNet: 1. (41) note, observe, mention, remark - (make mention of; 'She observed that his presentation took up too much time'; 'They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RecentOccurrence ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MakingaRule :wnsense "enact1v", "ordain1v" ; :wordnet "enact", "ordain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In each instance of 'MakingaRule', some instance of Rule is created. This is an Event, and at the conclusion of the Event, some Rule must be created, otherwise it is not an instance of this type. A process (such as a Legislative process) that has as it goal the creation of a Rule (or Law) is not an instance of this Event unless it succeeds in creating a Rule. To make a Rule, one needs to be an Authority, but this is a very general concept, and the Authority can be very local or informal, such as a parent or a leader of a small group. NOTE that in making a Rule, usually one specifies the Agents to whom the Rule applies, but this may not always be the case - contingent rules can be made for classes of Agents. @ToDo1005: To actually assign a Rule to some Agents, we need some 'AssigningaRule' Action as well. NOTE: whenperformed by a state or national 'LegislativeOrganization'', use the subtype ''Legislating'' or ''PassingaLaw'' (for the final passage). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'enact' in WordNet: 1. (13) ordain, enact - (order by virtue of superior authority; decree; 'The King ordained the persecution and expulsion of the Jews'; 'the legislature enacted this law in 1985') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, :ImposingaRule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rule ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Authority ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :MakingaTreaty :ldoce "deal" ; :wnsense "deal6v" ; :wordnet "deal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Treaty ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :MakingaTwoAgentAgreement :ldoce "agree" ; :wnsense "agree2v" ; :wordnet "agree" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MakingTwoAgentAgreement' is a subtype of 'MakingAnAgreement' in which the agents to the agreement are considered as two agents - even if one or both of those agents are a collective agent such as an Organization or GroupOfPeople. In this case, each of the two agents must have an individual identity; for an Organization, this is not problematic, but if there is an agreement between one Person and a GroupOfPeople, that group should have some prior coherence, otherwise the agreement should be classified as multi-agent. This is voluntary - not just acceding to a threat - an acceptance of 'an offer one can't refuse'. This is therefore classified as a ''GoodThing'' because this assumes that a voluntary agreement is performed in anticipation of benefits by both parties. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :MakingAnAgreement, :TwoAgentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :TwoAgentAgreement ] . :MakingaTwoAgentContract :ldoce "agree" ; :wnsense "agree2v" ; :wordnet "agree" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MakingaTwoAgentContract' is a subtype of 'MakingaTwoAgentDeal' in which the 'Deal' is a legally binding 'Contract'. NOTE: a relation can be defined between the contracting parties, but requires FOL expressiveness. See the note below on 'MakingaTwoAgentAgreement'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaTwoAgentDeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :TwoAgentDeal ] . :MakingaTwoAgentDeal :ldoce "deal" ; :wnsense "deal6v" ; :wordnet "deal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MakingaTwoAgentDeal' is a subtype of 'MakingaTwoAgentAgreement' in which the agreement is a 'Deal', i.e. an Agreement that specifies mutual obligations of each participant. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaDeal, :TwoAgentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :TwoAgentDeal ] . :MakingaVideoRecording :guid "bd58e087-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tape2v", "videotape1v" ; :wordnet "tape", "videotape" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MakingaVideoRecording'' is to create a motion-picture video with any device in any medium, stored on any recording medium, tape, video disc, computer drive, whatever. This ctivity creates both an AbstractVideo and it physical repreentation, a generic '''' CYC 'FilmingAVisualImage': Using a camera device to record a visual image, whether the medium is film or videotape. Recording a movie off of cable with an in-line VCR is *not* part of this collection - see #$MakingAVideoRecording. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'videotape' in WordNet: 1. videotape, tape - (record on videotape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :VisualArtActivity, :VisualImageRecording, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractVideo :VideoRecording ) ] ] . :MakingaWhistlingSound :ldoce "whistle" ; :wnsense "whistle1v" ; :wordnet "whistle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event in which an Object (animal, person, whistle, teakettle,etc) makes a WhistlingSound. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'whistle' in WordNet (it is unclear whether inanimate objects are included): in WordNet: 1. (3) whistle - (make whistling sounds; 'He lay there, snoring and whistling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WhistlingSound ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Malachite :guid "bfdeac15-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasColor :GreenColor ; :hasComponentSubstance :Copper ; :isaSourceOf :Copper ; :wnsense "malachite1n" ; :wordnet "malachite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Green Mineral with swirling shapes, it makes beautiful ornamental objects and gems. In Russia the craft of making malachite objects is advanced and refined. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malachite' in WordNet: 1. malachite - (a green or blue mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GreenColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :MalacostracanCrustacean :wnsense "malacostracan crustacean1n" ; :wordnet "malacostracan crustacean" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malacostracan crustacean' in WordNet: 1. malacostracan crustacean - (a major subclass of crustaceans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crustacean . :Malaria :guid "c0fd47d4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "malaria1n" ; :wordnet "malaria" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Malaria'' is a ''ProtozoalInfection'' common in tropical areas, carried by the Anopheles mosquito. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malaria' in WordNet: 1. (2) malaria - (an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtozoalInfection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Protozoan ] . :Malathion :canKill :Insect ; :guid "38859ac6-bed5-41d7-90ed-ceb2bfbe40d6" ; :wnsense "Malathion1n" ; :wordnet "Malathion" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the chemical substance, and not specific as to the form. 'Malathion' is a brand name. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Malathion' in WordNet: 1. Malathion - (a yellow insecticide used as a dust or spray to control garden pests and house flies and mites) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insecticide . :Malawi :wnsense "Malawi1n" ; :wordnet "Malawi" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Malawi' in WordNet: 1. Malawi, Republic of Malawi, Nyasaland - (a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964) """ . :Malaysia :wnsense "Malaysia1n" ; :wordnet "Malaysia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Malaysia' in WordNet: 1. Malaysia, Malaya - (a constitutional monarchy in southeastern Asia on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957) """ . :Maldives :wnsense "Maldives1n" ; :wordnet "Maldives" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Maldives' in WordNet: 1. Maldives, Republic of Maldives - (a republic on the Maldive Islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1965) """ . :Male :ldoce "male" ; :wnsense "male1adj" ; :wordnet "male" ; a :GenderType, :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Male'' is an AttributeValue of a ''MaleOrganism' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'male' in WordNet: 1. (8) male - (being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation; 'a male infant'; 'a male holly tree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MaleAnimal :en "male animal" ; :enn "male animal" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "CYC: The collection of all male animals." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :MaleOrganism . :MaleDominated :en "male-dominated" ; :enadj "male-dominated" ; a :AttributeValueType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MaleDominated'' is the attribute of some population of Animals in which there are significantly more males than females, often affecting the character or behavior of the whole population. When applied to Human populations, this characterizes social norms in which the males have and can exercise rights, including rights over women, that women cannot exercise, such as ownership of property and ability to control wives and children. For formal social organization principle for male-dominated human groups use subtype ''Patriarchal''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PopulationCharacteristicDistribution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfAnimals ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :MaleOrganism :guid "02eeed3e-9092-41d7-9e4d-e8b79cefd0bd" ; :ldoce "male" ; :wnsense "male1n", "male2n" ; :wordnet "male" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$BiologicalLivingObjects having male sex organs and performing male sexual functions, such as fertilizing ova. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'male' in WordNet: 1. (6) male - (an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes (ova)) 2. (4) male, male person - (a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaleSex ; owl:onProperty :hasGender ] . :MalePerson :en "male person" ; :enn "male person" ; :ldoce "male" ; :wnsense "male2n" ; :wordnet "male" ; a :AnimalType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all male people of any age. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'male' in WordNet: 2. (4) male, male person - (a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MaleAnimal, :Person ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Person :MaleAnimal ) ] . :MaleSex :ldoce "male" ; :wnsense "male1adj" ; :wordnet "male" ; a :Sex ; rdfs:comment """The gender AttributeValue of biologically male organisms (plants or animals). This is a genetic trait, phenotypic or social maleness is a different attribute. @mod55 Duplicates ''Gender'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'male' in WordNet: 1. (8) male - (being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation; 'a male infant'; 'a male holly tree') """ . :MaleUndergraduate :en "male undergrad", "male undergraduate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MaleUndergraduate'' is an ''Undergraduate'' who is male. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson, :Undergraduate . :Maleness :wnsense "maleness1n", "masculinity1n" ; :wordnet "maleness", "masculinity" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Maleness'' is a subtype of ''Gender'' for male animals. In humans,this usually refers to the physical characteristics of conspicuously male people, such as large upper body muscles, deep voice, wide shoulders, and tall stature. For behavioral male characteristics, use ''Masculinity''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maleness' in WordNet: 1. (1) maleness, masculinity - (the properties characteristic of the male sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gender . :Malevolent :wnsense "malevolent1adj" ; :wordnet "malevolent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'malevolent' in Wordnet: 1. malevolent - (wishing or appearing to wish evil to others; arising from intense ill will or hatred; 'a gossipy malevolent old woman'; 'failure made him malevolent toward those who were successful') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cruel . :Malfunctioning :eng "malfunctioning" ; :guid "bdd1efcf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "malfunction1n" ; :wordnet "malfunction" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Malfunction': A specialization of both #$DysfunctionalCondition and #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$Malfunction is a dynamic state of impairment, in the sense that it has temporal aspects, it progresses dynamically, and so on; it is not just being in some static state of error (as non-event instances of #$DysfunctionalCondition are). Notable specializations of #$Malfunction include #$AgentBasedSystemMalfunction and #$Cancer. #$Malfunction is an instance of #$TemporalStuffType, since #$situationTemporalParts of malfunctions are themselves malfunctions down to a relatively fine granularity. NOTE that the restriction requires specifying in what Object the malfunctioning occurs. When this occurs in a ''Device'' it is usually caused by a ''Defect''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malfunction' in WordNet: 1. malfunction - - (a failure to function normally) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DysfunctionalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :DysfunctionalCondition ] . :Mali :wnsense "Mali1n" ; :wordnet "Mali" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mali' in WordNet: 1. Mali, Republic of Mali, French Sudan - (a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years) """ . :Malicious :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Spite ; :wnsense "malicious1adj" ; :wordnet "malicious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Malicious'' is the attribute of a Person who is seeking to harm another Person based on a dislike of that Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'malicious' in Wordnet: 1. malicious - (having the nature of or resulting from malice; 'malicious gossip'; 'took malicious pleasure in...watching me wince' - Rudyard Kipling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Malignant :wnsense "malignant1adj" ; :wordnet "malignant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'malignant' in WordNet: 1. malignant - (dangerous to health; characterized by progressive and uncontrolled growth (especially of a tumor)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dangerous . :MallardDuck :guid "c1009ce9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mallard1n" ; :wordnet "mallard" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Common North American duck. Both wild and domesticated populations exist. Males have distinctive emerald-green heads. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mallard' in WordNet: 1. mallard, Anas platyrhynchos - (wild dabbling duck from which domestic ducks are descended; widely distributed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird, :Duck, :WildAnimal . :Malleability :guid "bd58955d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "malleability1n", "plasticity1n" ; :wordnet "malleability", "plasticity" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeType applying to an Object or Substance. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Malleability is a specific capacity of a physical material to be shaped or formed. Different degrees of malleability may be designated using a #$GenericValueFunction. Malleability of objects is indicated with the predicate #$malleabilityOfObject (q.v.). From Wikipedia: In materials science, ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a similar property, is a material's ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malleability' in WordNet: 1. malleability, plasticity - (the property of being physically malleable; the property of something that can be worked or hammered or shaped without breaking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flexibility, :PhysicalAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malleable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Malleable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Bending, :DrawingIntoaWire ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Bending, :DrawingIntoaWire ; :isTheOppositeOf :Brittle ; :wnsense "malleable2adj", "pliable2adj", "pliant2adj" ; :wordnet "malleable", "pliable", "pliant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Malleable'' is the attribute of solid objects or solid substances that can have their shape changed without breaking them or changing the volume, as by folding, hammering, rolling, or drawing into a wire. Corresponds to part (ductile is a subtype) of adjective sense 2 of 'malleable' in Wordnet: 2. ductile, malleable, pliable, pliant, tensile, tractile - (capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out; 'ductile copper'; 'malleable metals such as gold'; 'they soaked the leather to made it pliable'; 'pliant molten glass'; 'made of highly tensile steel alloy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flexible . :MalleableObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MalleableObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that is ''Malleable'', i.e. consists of some Malleable substance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malleable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MalleableThingType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''MalleableThingType'' is a type of Object or Substance that is sufficiently non-brittle that it can have its shape changed without changing its volume, as by hammering, pressing designs into (as with coins), rolling (as with steel) or drawing into a wire (as with copper or aluminum). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Malleus :guid "bea7a32f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hammer3n", "malleus1n" ; :wordnet "hammer", "malleus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malleus' in WordNet: 1. malleus, hammer - (the ossicle attached to the eardrum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AuditoryOssicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eardrum ; owl:onProperty :touchesDirectly ] . :Mallow :guid "bd58aa34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mallow1n" ; :wordnet "mallow" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mallow' in WordNet: 1. mallow - (any of various plants of the family Malvaceae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :MallowOrder . :MallowOrder :guid "bd58d494-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :Malnutrition :guid "be00bb98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "malnutrition1n" ; :wordnet "malnutrition" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of physiological conditions caused by the lack of essential #$Nutrients (usually vitamins, minerals or proteins). Specialized forms of #$Malnutrition are: (1) #$DietaryDeficiencyCondition, in which the necessary nutrients are not ingested; and (2) #$Malnutrition-Secondary, in which the necessary nutrients are not properly metabolized. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malnutrition' in WordNet: 1. malnutrition - (a state of poor nutrition; can result from insufficient or excessive or unbalanced diet or from inability to absorb foods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeficiencyDisease . :Malpractice :wnsense "malpractice1n" ; :wordnet "malpractice" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Malpractice'' is most often used for 'Medical Malpractice' - not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malpractice' in WordNet: 1. malpractice - (professional wrongdoing that results in injury or damage; 'the widow sued his surgeon for malpractice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ViolatingAnObligation, :Wrongdoing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erroneous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProfessionalPerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :IncurringDamage ] . :Malta :wnsense "Malta1n" ; :wordnet "Malta" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Malta' in WordNet: 1. Malta, Republic of Malta - (a republic on the island of Malta in the Mediterranean; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964) """ . :MaltedMilk :hasComponentSubstance :CerealFood, :Milk ; :wnsense "malted milk1n" ; :wordnet "malted milk" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'malted milk' in WordNet: 1. malted, malt, malted milk - (a milkshake made with malt powder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilkShake . :Mammal :guid "bd58a628-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mammal1n" ; :wordnet "mammal" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Mammals (female variety) can suckle their young (under certain circumstances), and also typically have hair. The playpus lays eggs, so not all mammals bear their young live. Cyc: An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a sub-taxon of #$Vertebrate. Each instance of #$Mammal is an air-breathing, warm-blooded animal which, if female, nurses its young with milk secreted by mammary glands. The skin of instances of #$Mammal is typically covered with hair (or sometimes hair modified into scales or plates, as in pangolins), but some types are almost hairless. All mammals other than the Monotremes of Australia bear live young rather than laying eggs, and have teats, which on females are used for nursing the young. Monotremes do not have teats, but both male and female produce milk from mammary glands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mammal' in WordNet: 1. (3) mammal, mammalian - (any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirBreathingVertebrate, :Homeotherm, :IntentionalAgent, :WalkingAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :MammalEye :en "mammal eye", "mammalian eye" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Face ; :wnsense "eye1n", "oculus1n", "optic1n" ; :wordnet "eye", "oculus", "optic" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Eye on a mammal, different from one on an insect or a chameleon. A ''HumanEye'' is a subtype. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'eye' in WordNet: 1. (264) eye, oculus, optic - (the organ of sight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VertebrateEye, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :MammaryGland :guid "bd58d5ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mamma2n", "mammary gland1n" ; :wordnet "mamma", "mammary gland" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One breast of a mammal, twhere the teat is. CYC: Mammaries of female primates. For the front part of the chest of a person, use 'Breast-BodyPart'. SUMO: The paired Organs which are part of the chests of Primates. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mammary gland' in WordNet: 1. mammary gland, mamma - (milk-secreting organ of female mammals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart-Female, :ExternalOrgan, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teat ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breast-BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Mammogram :wnsense "mammogram1n" ; :wordnet "mammogram" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mammogram' in WordNet: 1. mammogram - (X-ray film of the soft tissue of the breast) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :XRayImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breast ; owl:onProperty :isanImageOf ] . :Mammography :wnsense "mammography1n" ; :wordnet "mammography" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mammography''is the execution of a procedure for detecting Cancer or pre-cancerous nodules in a human ''Breast'. NOTE: this type is the actual execution of a Procedure for examining the female Breast. In WordNet the parent is a ''Procedure'' which in COSMO is not an Action, but a subtype of ''Specification'' (a MentalObject that describes a method for doing something). The coresponding ''Procedure'' is not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mammography' in WordNet: 1. mammography - (a diagnostic procedure to detect breast tumors by the use of X rays) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalDiagnosis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreastCancer ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingAnX-Ray ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mammogram ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Mammoth :guid "c0933e09-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mammoth1n" ; :wordnet "mammoth" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :ExtinctAnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC has ''Mammoth'' directly as a ''Pachyderm'' but WN has it as an 'Elephant'. This type uses the ''Pachyderm'' as parent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mammoth' in WordNet: 1. mammoth - (any of numerous extinct elephants widely distributed in the Pleistocene; extremely large with hairy coats and long upcurved tusks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elephant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :LongTusk ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extinct ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Man :ldoce "man" ; :wnsense "guy1n", "man1n" ; :wordnet "guy", "man" ; a :AnimalType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An adult male human. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'man' and includes noun sense 1 of 'guy' in WordNet: 1. (1437) man, adult male - - (an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman); 'there were two women and six men on the bus') WN noun 'guy': 1. (33) guy, cat, hombre, bozo - (an informal term for a youth or man; ' a nice guy'; 'the guy's only doing it for some doll') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :MalePerson ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:MalePerson :HumanAdult ) ] . :ManMade :en "manmade" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Natural ; :ldoce "artificial" ; :wnsense "artefactual1adj", "artifactual1adj", "artificial1adj", "man-made1adj" ; :wordnet "artefactual", "artifactual", "artificial", "man-made" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ManMade' is an AttributeValue of Objects (including MentalObjects) or substances that are intentionally created by humans, for a purpose rather than by the inanimate forces of nature or by plants or Animals. NOTE: substances that are extracted from natural sources such as plants or animals or minerals, but not further processed by ''ChemicalSynthesis'' fit into this category. If chemical synthesis is used to prepare the product, it is ''Synthetic'' even if it occurs in nature. For substances, use the subAttribute ''Synthetic''. The term 'man-made' is usually used to refer to things that are created by humans, even if they also exist in nature. This is broader, referring to things that do not exist in nature as well. e.g. 'artifical diamonds'. Things like ''Reservoir'' which are *partly* made by people are included. This sense is an exact antonym of 'Natural'. This would be the sense of 'artificial' in 'Artificial Intelligence'. Corresponds to sense 1 of adjective 'man-made' and sense 1 of 'artificial' in WordNet: WN adj 'man-made' (part - not for chemical substances, see ''Synthetic''): 1. man-made, semisynthetic, synthetic - (not of natural origin; prepared or made artificially; 'man-made fibers'; 'synthetic leather') WN adj 'artificial': 1. (4) artificial, unreal - (contrived by art rather than nature; 'artificial flowers'; 'artificial flavoring'; 'an artificial diamond'; 'artificial fibers'; 'artificial sweeteners') WN adj 'artifactual': 1. artifactual, artefactual - (of or relating to artifacts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artificial . :Managed :en "managed" ; :enadj "managed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ManagementEvent ; a :AttributeValueType, :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Managed'' is the property of something (Person, Organization, project, task, etc.) that has been in some sense 'managed'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Controlled . :ManagedEconomy :wnsense "managed economy1n" ; :wordnet "managed economy" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'managed economy' in WordNet: 1. managed economy - (a non-market economy in which government intervention is important in allocating goods and resources and determining prices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonMarketEconomy . :ManagementByPresbytersIsBest :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Management_by_Presbyters_is_best ; :hasTopic :ENG_Management_by_Presbyters_is_best ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :ManagementEvent :guid "bfce03c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "manage" ; :wnsense "administer1v", "administrate1v", "direction5n", "manage1v", "manage4v", "management1n", "oversight2n", "superintend1v", "superintendence1n", "supervise1v", "supervising1n", "supervision1n" ; :wordnet "administer", "administrate", "direction", "manage", "management", "oversight", "superintend", "superintendence", "supervise", "supervising", "supervision" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which a person with responsibility for overseeing some ''HumanGroupActivity'' performs one or more Actions involving direction or supervision of other Person(s). This is for general overseeing or supervising but for the direct supervision of a subordinate use ''Supervising''' This type of 'managing' is narrower than that which may be performed by a 'Manager', who might manage affairs without supervising others. The action of a Manager while s/he is managing people. The mere perfomrance of a 'ManagementEvent' makes a person a de facto 'manager' whether or not that role is persistent or formalized. Cyc specifies 'Management' as being specifically a business activity, but in COSMO it is broader, as it can include managing a family's activities or budget; but it must include either having some control over another's activities, or doing something for the benefit of some person (who could be the person doing the managing - managing one's own affairs). There is some Person affected other than the actor. NOTE that the more general sense of 'managing' a situation is represented in 'TakingCareOfSomething' Cyc: The collection of #$PurposefulActions in which some #$IntelligentAgent works to maintain someone's business interests, either those of another #$IntelligentAgent or agents (such as a #$Person or an #$Organization). Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'manage' and sense 1 of 'supervise' and verb sense 1 of 'administer' in WordNet: 4. (3) oversee, supervise, superintend, manage - (watch and direct; 'Who is overseeing this project?') WN noun 'management': 1. (19) management, direction - (the act of managing something; 'he was given overall management of the program'; 'is the direction of the economy a function of government?') WN verb 'administer': 1. (9) administer, administrate - (work in an administrative capacity; supervise; 'administer a program') WN noun 'supervision': 1. (6) supervision, supervising, superintendence, oversight - (management by overseeing the performance or operation of a person or group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :PurposefulAction, :TakingCareOfSomething, :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Manager ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAffectedEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanGroupActivity ] . :Manager :guid "bd58b762-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "manager" ; :wnsense "director1n", "manager1n" ; :wordnet "director", "manager" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc a 'Manager' is defined primarily in a business context. We include that sense here, but include broader senses including 'Coordinator' whose function is to make people work effectively together,but may not have diret athority over them.. A ''Manager'' is not necessarily a Leader, as that implies an even higher level of influence. For a GroupOfPeople who 'manage' an Organization see ''Administration''. NOTE that some agent roles who 'manage' things are not ''Manager''s in this sense. A ''Shepherd'' for example 'manages' Sheep, but is not a ''Manager''. NOTE: for business enterprises, an owner can also be a Manager, and is not necessarily an employee. @ToDo: for more business detail 'OwnerOrManager' and 'ownsOrManages' might be added. Cyc: A specialization of #$AdministrativeStaffPerson. Each instance of #$Manager is a person whose primary job is to manage other people, directing their work activity in an #$Organization or for a #$Project. A #$Manager tells his or her subordinate workers what to do. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manager' in WordNet: 1. (29) director, manager, managing director - (someone who controls resources and expenditures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministrativeStaffPerson, :InfluentialPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :AgentType :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ManagementEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Managerial :pertainsTo :ManagementEvent ; :wnsense "managerial1adj" ; :wordnet "managerial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Managerial'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Management'' (see also subtype''''pertaining to ''Administration'') and things directly associated with those types. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'managerial' in WordNet: 1. managerial - (of or relating to the function or responsibility or activity of management) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Managing :en "managing" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :ManagementEvent ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Managing'' is an attribute of people who are performing a ''ManagementEvent''. This attribute (adjectival form) is usually used to modify terms for Roles performed by people in Organizations that have more than one type of Role sing that term: 'ManagingEditor'; 'ManagingDirector' No WN sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Manatee :guid "bd58abc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Trichechus manatus1n", "manatee1n" ; :wordnet "Trichechus manatus", "manatee" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalGenus, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manatee' in WordNet: 1. manatee, Trichechus manatus - (sirenian mammal of tropical coastal waters of America; the flat tail is rounded) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeaCow . :Mandarin :wasCreatedBy :MandarinSpeakers ; :wnsense "Mandarin6n" ; :wordnet "Mandarin" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'Mandarin' in Wordnet: 6. Mandarin, Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin dialect, Beijing dialect - (the dialect of Chinese spoken in Beijing and adopted as the official language for all of China) """ . :MandarinSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Mandate :wnsense "authorization1n", "mandate1n" ; :wordnet "authorization", "mandate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mandate'' is a ''LegalDocument'' that gives an instruction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mandate' in WordNet: 1. (1) mandate, authorization, authorisation - (a document giving an official instruction or command) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalDocument . :Mane :wnsense "mane1n" ; :wordnet "mane" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The long hair growing from the neck of some animal, as from a horse or Lion, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mane' in WordNet: 1. (1) mane - (long coarse hair growing from the crest of the animal's neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MobOfHair-Mammal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neck ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAtOrOn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Maneuver :wnsense "maneuver2n", "maneuver3n", "maneuver5n", "manoeuvre1n", "manoeuvre2n", "manoeuvre3n", "manoeuvre4n", "manoeuvre5n" ; :wordnet "maneuver", "manoeuvre" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An intentional Action within a series of actions aimed at achieving some goal, usually within a contest, but also applicable more generally (as in a maneuver in a surgical operation). This is the most general 'maneuver' including mmilitary maeuvers, game maneuvers, and others. In many cases, a Maneuver is a realization of part of a strategy for winning a Contest, but it also may be just an arbitrary or semi-arbitrary part of some series of Actions. For the Military maneuver use subtype ''MilitaryManeuver''. Includes most senses of 'maneuver' in WordNet. Subtype are more specific. in WordNet: 2. maneuver, manoeuvre, simulated military operation - (a military training exercise) 3. maneuver, manoeuvre, play - (a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill; 'he made a great maneuver'; 'the runner was out on a play by the shortstop') 5. maneuver, manoeuvre, evasive action - (an action aimed at evading an opponent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tactic ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :Manganese :guid "bd58e2bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "25"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Mn1n", "manganese1n" ; :wordnet "Mn", "manganese" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of manganese; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manganese' in WordNet: 1. manganese, Mn, atomic number 25 - (a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Manger :guid "c10aff88-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "manger1n", "trough6n" ; :wordnet "manger", "trough" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OpenTopContainer'' used to contain solid food for farm animals. CCfood trough for animals. In the story of Jesus's birth, a manger served as his bed after he was born. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manger' in WordNet: 1. manger, trough - (a container (usually in a barn or stable) from which cattle or horses feed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpenTopContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FarmAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticatedAnimalFood ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :MangoTree :guid "bfd48e3b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Mangifera indica1n", "mango tree1n", "mango1n" ; :wordnet "Mangifera indica", "mango", "mango tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mango tree' in WordNet: 1. mango, mango tree, Mangifera indica - (large evergreen tropical tree cultivated for its large oval fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitTree, :Tree . :Manhood :wnsense "manhood1n" ; :wordnet "manhood" ; a :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manhood' in WordNet: 1. (2) manhood - (the state of being a man; manly qualities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adulthood, :Maleness, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Man ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Manhunt :wnsense "manhunt1n" ; :wordnet "manhunt" ; a :ActionType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Manhunt'' is a type of ''Searching'' in which some group of Police look for some Person who is of interest (not necessarily a ''Suspect'') in a CriminalInvestigationEvent, or who has escaped from custody. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manhunt' in WordNet: 1. manhunt - (an organized search (by police) for a person (charged with a crime)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Searching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fugitive ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CriminalInvestigationEvent ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Mania :wnsense "mania2n", "manic disorder1n" ; :wordnet "mania", "manic disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mania' in WordNet: 2. mania, manic disorder - (a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectiveDisorder . :ManicDepression :wnsense "bipolar disorder1n", "manic depression1n", "manic depressive illness1n", "manic-depressive psychosis1n" ; :wordnet "bipolar disorder", "manic depression", "manic depressive illness", "manic-depressive psychosis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manic depression' in WordNet: 1. bipolar disorder, manic depression, manic depressive illness, manic-depressive psychosis - (a mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychologicalAilment . :Manifestation :wnsense "manifestation1n", "manifestation2n" ; :wordnet "manifestation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Manifestation'' is an ''AppearingEvent'' and a ''ProvidingEvidence'' that is also a ''ShowingSomething'' that was not previously visible to the observer (evident, ''Obvious'') , by any Action, intentional or not. Thus making a facial gesture an be a ''Manifestation'' of a Feeling. A failed attempt can be a ''Manifestation'' of incompetence. NOTE that some observable attribute may be present prior to the observer noticing it - therefore this meaning of ''Appearance'' is an ''Appearance'' only from the perspective of the observer who is newly seeing it. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'manifestation' in WordNet: 1. (6) manifestation - (a clear appearance; 'a manifestation of great emotion') 2. (3) manifestation - (a manifest indication of the existence or presence or nature of some person or thing; 'a manifestation of disease') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppearingEvent, :ProvidingEvidence, :ShowingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obvious ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Manifesting :en "attest to" ; :wnsense "reflect1v", "reflect5v" ; :wordnet "reflect" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Manifesting'' is a ''ConveyingInformation'' by means of some Event or Behavior rather than by directly informing in language. In effect, showing something to be true, whether or not the intention is to inform. Includes verb senses 1 and 5 of 'reflect' in WordNet: 1. (41) reflect - (manifest or bring back; 'This action reflects his true beliefs') 5. reflect - (give evidence of a certain behavior; 'His lack of interest in the project reflects badly on him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConveyingInformation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Evidence ] . :Manifold :wnsense "manifold1n" ; :wordnet "manifold" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manifold' in WordNet: 1. (11) manifold - (a pipe that has several lateral outlets to or from other pipes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pipe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SprayingWaterDirectionally ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :Mankind :wnsense "human race1n", "humanity3n", "humankind1n", "man11n", "mankind1n", "world8n" ; :wordnet "human race", "humanity", "humankind", "man", "mankind", "world" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mankind'' is the Group of all people living at any one time or at some specified interval of time. This includes people living anywhere, including outer space. See ''Womankind'' for the subgroup that are female. Instances may need a specification (by restriction) to some time period, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mankind' in WordNet: 1. world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind, man - (all of the living human inhabitants of the earth; 'all the world loves a lover'; 'she always used 'humankind' because 'mankind' seemed to slight the women') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :Manly :wnsense "manly1n" ; :wordnet "manly" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Manly'' is an attribute of a person who exhibits qualities considered desirable in a man. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manly' in WordNet: 1. manly, manful, manlike - (possessing qualities befitting a man) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonTraitValue . :Manner :ldoce "fashion", "manner", "style" ; :takesValue :AdverbialModifier ; :wnsense "manner1n", "manner2n", "mode1n" ; :wordnet "manner", "mode" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Manner' is the AttributeType whose values are concepts corresponding to adverbs of manner; these are general, and can apply to Events or Actions that do not involve people. For a ''Manner'' that characterizes how people behave, use the subtype ''BehavioralManner''. . These values are AttributeValues that modify Events, usually Actions. Each subtype of 'Manner' can be represented by a word or phrase that serves as a LogicalFunction, taking some Event and returning a subtype of that Event, which includes all such Events that occurred in that particular manner. The actual values that serve as adverbial modifiers might be represented as instances of 'Manner' rather than subtypes, but because the OWL version of COSMO organizes qualitative attributes by the subtype (subclass) relations, the specific modifiers will be subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manner' and sense 1 of 'fashion' and sense 2 of 'style' in WordNet; however, note that 'personal manner' (sense 2) appears to be included in sense 1 (example: 'her dignified manner'), so this type will include sense 2 - habitual manner of behavior, and that sense will also be represented as the subtype 'MannerOfBehavior'. in WordNet: 1. (52) manner, mode, style, way, fashion - (how something is done or how it happens; 'her dignified manner'; 'his rapid manner of talking'; 'their nomadic mode of existence'; 'in the characteristic New York style'; 'a lonely way of life'; 'in an abrasive fashion') 2. (17) manner, personal manner - (a way of acting or behaving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :MannerOfBehavior :ldoce "manner" ; :wnsense "manner2n" ; :wordnet "manner" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'MannerOfBehavior' is a subtype of 'Behavior' that can be characterized by some AttributeValue that is a subtype of 'BehavioralManner'. NOTE that this type is an Action, and 'BehavioralManner' is an AttributeValue. These two concepts are closely connected, but represent distinct types. As of v 0.52, the way these two should be connected is not finalized. @ToDo - relate attribute and behavior type. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'manner' in RHW: 3. a person's outward bearing; way of speaking to and treating others: She has a charming manner. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'manner' in WordNet: 2. (17) manner, personal manner - (a way of acting or behaving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Behavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QualitativeAttributeType ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MannerOfSpeaking :wnsense "manner of speaking1n" ; :wordnet "manner of speaking" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MannerOfSpeaking'' is a ''LinguisticManner'' that is in some way distinctive to certain characteristics of speaking, whether of the sound quality or emphasis or speed or other physical characteristics. For specifying the lilteral or implied content or attitude expressed, the type 'NonLteralManner'' or ''RhetoricalManner' and their subtypes would be more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manner of speaking' in WordNet: 1. manner of speaking, speech, delivery - (your characteristic style or manner of expressing yourself orally; 'his manner of speaking was quite abrupt'; 'her speech was barren of southernisms'; 'I detected a slight accent in his speech') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositeConcept, :LinguisticManner . :MannerOfUsage :en "manner of usage" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MannerOfUsage'' is a 'Manner' in which something is used. This broadly applies to many things that can be used. A prominent example is language: see subtype ''LinguisticManner''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manner . :Manolete :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; a :Matador ; rdfs:comment """Manolete is a famous Spanish ''Matador'' who died in a Bullfight in August 1947. """ . :ManoleteAndToro :hasComponentElement :Bull19470829, :Manolete ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; a :Agent, :MatadorAndBull . :ManoletesAudience19470829 :isTheIntendedAudienceOf :ManoletesLastFight ; a :AudienceOfSpectators . :ManoletesLastFight :hadThingAffected :Manolete ; :hasEndingTimePoint :Date19470829 ; :hasIntendedAudience :ManoletesAudience19470829 ; :hasStartingTimePoint :Date19470829 ; :hasSubEvent :Bullfight ; :hasTopic :Skill ; :isPerformedBy :ManoleteAndToro ; :occurredAt :Spain ; :produced :Bullfight ; :showsEvidenceOf :Skill ; :wasPerformedByAgent :ManoleteAndToro ; a :Bullfight ; rdfs:comment """Testing the elements of a ''Bullfight''. """ . :Manor :wnsense "manor2n" ; :wordnet "manor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Manor'' is a ''LandedEstate'' that usually has a 'ManorHouse'' on it.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'manor' in WordNet: 2. manor - (the landed estate of a lord (including the house on it)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandedEstate . :ManorHouse :guid "bd680c00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "manor house1n", "manor1n" ; :wordnet "manor", "manor house" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ManorHouse'' is a ''Mansion'' of a 'WealthyPerson'', usually one that is located on a large tract of land (especially a ''Manor'').. CC: A piece of land owned by royalty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manor' in WordNet: 1. (1) manor, manor house - (the mansion of a lord or wealthy person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Manor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WealthyPerson ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ] . :Manservant :guid "bd58fd21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "manservant1n" ; :wordnet "manservant" ; a :HumanRoleType, :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A male domestic servant. This type is not restricted as to the kinds of tasks the Manservant performs. One specialilzation of 'Manservant' is 'Butler'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manservant' in WordNet: 1. (1) manservant - - (a man servant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man, :Servant . :Mansion :en "mains" ; :guid "bd58e96c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "d89f1a10-3a18-41d7-8e68-e09ab8cb9f68" ; :wnsense "hall11n", "manse1n", "mansion house1n", "mansion2n", "residence4n" ; :wordnet "hall", "manse", "mansion", "mansion house", "residence" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ResidentialBuilding that is large and grand. CYC: A #$Mansion is a very large and expensive house. also RHW 'mains': mains n. (used with a sing. v.) Brit. Dial. the main or home farm of a manor, as where the ownerlives; manse. Corresponds to noun senses 2 of 'mansion' in WordNet: 2. mansion, mansion house, manse, hall, residence - (a large and imposing house) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :House, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stately ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Manspreading :en "manspreading" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Manspreading'' is a 'SittingEvent' in which a ''Man'' is sitting with the legs apart forming an angle rather than touching each other. So called because presumably it is something that men rather than women do. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SittingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Man ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Mantel :guid "c10066b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chimneypiece1n", "mantel1n", "mantelpiece1n", "mantle6n", "mantlepiece1n" ; :wordnet "chimneypiece", "mantel", "mantelpiece", "mantle", "mantlepiece" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all fireplace mantels. A mantel is a beam or shelf above the fireplace. It is usually built in, part of the room, not a moveable piece of furniture. In this interpretation,it near the 'fireplace', but not part of it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mantel' in WordNet: 1. (2) mantel, mantelpiece, mantle, mantlepiece, chimneypiece - (shelf that projects from wall above fireplace; 'in England they call a mantel a chimneypiece') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HouseholdAttachment, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :Shelf, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fireplace ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ] . :Mantilla :guid "c0ba1ad6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mantilla1n" ; :wordnet "mantilla" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of instances of #$Scarf, made of either silk or lace, and part of the traditional dress in Spain, Mexico, and Italy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mantilla' in WordNet: 1. mantilla - (a woman's silk or lace scarf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scarf, :WomensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SilkOrLace ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Mantra :wnsense "mantra1n" ; :wordnet "mantra" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mantra'' is an ''Expression'' used often by a person or ''GroupOfPeople'' that is not used frequently by other individuals or groups. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mantra' in WordNet: 1. mantra - (a commonly repeated word or phrase; \" she repeated 'So pleased with how its going' at intervals like a mantra \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :PersonType :AgentType ) ] ] . :Manual :hasAdverbialForm :Manually ; :pertainsTo :Hand, :ManualLabor ; :wnsense "manual1adj" ; :wordnet "manual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Manual'' pertains to the hand(s) or work done with the hands (not just ''ManualLabor''). Senses 1 and 2 of WN 'manual' can be distinguished logically, but not easily in OWL. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'manual' in Wordnet: 1. manual - (of or relating to the hands; 'manual dexterity') 2. manual - (requiring human effort; 'a manual transmission') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ManualBook :wnsense "manual1n" ; :wordnet "manual" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ManualBook'' is a small ''Handbook'', often having a set of instructions about how to perform some actions, especially how to use or repair a Device. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manual' in WordNet: 1. (2) manual - (a small handbook) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handbook . :ManualLabor :wnsense "manual labor1n", "manual labour1n" ; :wordnet "manual labor", "manual labour" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ManualLabor'' is a type of ''Labor'' that depends mostly on the the use of hands to produce value, as contrasted with 'office work'' that requires the use of the mind to process information or commmunicate with other people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manual labor' in WordNet: 1. (1) manual labor, manual labour - (labor done with the hands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaidTask . :ManualLaborer :wnsense "laborer1n", "labourer1n", "manual laborer1n" ; :wordnet "laborer", "labourer", "manual laborer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manual laborer' in WordNet: 1. laborer, manual laborer, labourer, jack - (someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :Workman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ManualLabor ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Manualism :en "manualism" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Manualism'' is a Belief that SignLanguage is the best method for the Deaf to communicate. RHW 'manualism': the theory or practice of education for the deaf employing and promoting the use of sign language as the primary means of communication. Cf. oralism. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SignLanguage ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Manually :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Manual ; :wnsense "manually1adv" ; :wordnet "manually" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Manually'' is an adverb modifying Actions performed with the hands (rather than by machine or other parts of the body). Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'manually' in Wordnet: 1. manually - (by hand; 'this car shifts manually') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :ManufacturedGoods :ldoce "product" ; :wnsense "article of commerce1n", "merchandise1n", "product1n", "ware2n" ; :wordnet "article of commerce", "merchandise", "product", "ware" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'ManufacturedGoods' is an Article Of Commerce, any PhysicalObject manufactured with the intention of selling it. This differs from the parent 'ProductObject' only in that it must be the result of a 'manufacturing' Event - but that distinction is not formally represented yet. This differs from the CYC definition, in that this COSMO type includes objects created on any of scale, including one of a kind, the only criterion being that it is created with the intention of selling it. Things created for one's own pleasure and later put up for sale are also 'ManufacturedGoods', becoming such when the decision is made to sell!! This is therefore the most general type of sellable 'product' that is Physical rather than abstract. NOTE however, that something mande by an animal who does not understand the concept of 'sale' cannot be 'ManufacturedGoods' though it may be an ArtifactObject. @ToDo: when a logical criterion for scale can be established, a subtype can be created that indicates large-scale manufacture. Cyc: The collection of all #$Artifacts that are made or processed in large-scale industrial operations for distribution (normally sale) to agents outside the manufacturing organization. This includes manufactured stuff, e.g. Finlandia vodka; refined ore, e.g. iron; otherwise procesed natural material, e.g. cut diamonds, as well as manufactured objects. This collection excludes handicrafts; privately made stuff, e.g. moonshine; and other artifacts produced by one or a few people on a small scale. This corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'product' in Wordnet, but is interpreted as a singular item. NOTE that a batch containing multiple items can be represented as a Group, which then, as a Group, can be considered a 'ManufacturedGoods'. in WordNet: 1. (560) merchandise, ware, product - (commodities offered for sale; 'good business depends on having good merchandise'; 'that store offers a variety of products') WN noun 'article of commerce': 1. article of commerce - (an article that is offered for sale) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProductObject . :ManufacturedGoodsType :guid "bfe999a0-c9d8-41d7-93cb-977e218fde06" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ManufacturedGoodsType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for any kind of manufactured PhysicalObject. CYC: The collection of all types of #$PartiallyTangible things that are usually/frequently commercially manufactured. This is context dependent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObjectType, :RoleType . :ManufacturedHome :en "manufactured home" ; :enn "manufactured home" ; :guid "c121c959-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all homes that are largely or entirely built in a factory rather than at the home site. #$ManufacturedHomes include both #$ModularHomes and #$MobileHomes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DetachedHouse . :Manufacturer :wnsense "maker3n", "manufacturer1n", "manufacturer2n", "manufacturing business1n", "producer1n" ; :wordnet "maker", "manufacturer", "manufacturing business", "producer" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person or an Organization (usually commercial) that produces some type of ''PhysicalObject'' by some physical process, usually on a large scale for sale, Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'manufacturer' in WordNet: 1. (18) manufacturer, maker, manufacturing business - (a business engaged in manufacturing some product) 2. (4) manufacturer, producer - (someone who manufactures something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Maker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Manufacturing ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Manufacturing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObject :ArtifactObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; owl:onProperty :manufactures ] . :Manufacturing :en "making", "manufacturing", "producing" ; :guid "bd58e175-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "make", "produce", "production" ; :wnsense "make15n", "make6n", "manufacture1v", "manufacture2n", "produce2v", "production1n" ; :wordnet "make", "manufacture", "produce", "production" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of MakingaPhysicalObject which is intended to be sold; a 'PhysicalObject'in this case can be some quantity of a substance, so substances can also be 'manufactured;. COSMO note: there are certain Actions in which a person makes something (painting, other crafts) which are not properly called 'manufacturing'. The borderline for inclusions or exclusion is not yet determined. Manufacturing usually occurs in a Factory, but it can occur on a small scale in a home. Perhaps the distinction is that the product is a Device (or substance) and not an ArtObject? Cyc: A collection of events. In each #$Manufacturing event, raw materials or component parts are combined to produce a product (whether by a #$ManufacturingOrganization or by an individual). In a typical #$Manufacturing process, the motivation of the manufacturer is that the value of the #$outputs should exceed the value of the #$inputs. #$Manufacturing does not include related or supportive processes such as transporting the raw materials to the manufacturing site, scheduling done ahead of time, etc. - the concept #$ProductionEvent covers that bigger picture. A notable specialization of this collection is #$MassManufacturing. COSMO note: the partly redundant restrictions 'isTypicallyPerformedAt' and 'typicallyOccursInside' point to 'Factory' but the relations themselves are not hierarchically related, since 'occurs' can be for non-action events, and 'isPerformedAt' requires an Action, and is not necessarily an indoor activity. Includes verb sense 1 of 'manufacture' and sense 2 of noun 'manufacture' and sense 1 of 'production' and verb sense 2 of 'produce' and verb senses 6 and 15 of 'make' in WordNet: 1. (3) manufacture, fabricate, construct - (put together out of components or parts; 'the company fabricates plastic chairs'; 'They manufacture small toys') WN noun 'manufacture' 2. fabrication, manufacture - (the act of making something (a product) from raw materials; 'the synthesis and fabrication of single crystals'; 'an improvement in the manufacture of explosives'; 'manufacturing is vital to Great Britain') WN 'production' 1. (229) production - ((economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; 'he introduced more efficient methods of production') WN 'make' 6. (53) produce, make, create - (create or manufacture a man-made product; 'We produce more cars than we can sell'; 'The company has been making toys for two centuries') 15. (9) make - (make by shaping or bringing together constituents; 'make a dress'; 'make a cake'; 'make a wall of stones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :MakingaPhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Factory ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ; owl:someValuesFrom :Factory ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ManufacturedGoods :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :ManufacturingFacility :ldoce "factory", "plant" ; :wnsense "facility1n", "factory1n", "industrial plant1n", "installation2n", "plant1n", "works1n" ; :wordnet "facility", "factory", "industrial plant", "installation", "plant", "works" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ManufacturingFacility' is a PhysicalObject whose main design purpose is to manufacture objects (including the processing of substances, such as at a refinery or a ''Brewery'' or of FoodObjects such as at a ''Bakery'). This type includes not only single buildings as represented by 'Factory', but complexes, mobile facilities, and facilities that may not even have a building, such as at a mining operation. 'Manufacturing' in this sense includes assembly of parts made elsewhere and refining. NOTE that the restriction requires that any instance of Factory specify the kind of thing it produces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'factory' and includes noun sense 1 of 'plant' and sense 1 of 'facility' in WordNet: WN 'factory': 1. (18) factory, mill, manufacturing plant, manufactory - (a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing) WN 'plant' 1. (338) plant, works, industrial plant - (buildings for carrying on industrial labor; 'they built a large plant to manufacture automobiles') WN 'facility': 1. (35) facility, installation - (a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry; 'the assembly plant is an enormous facility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialFacility, :UsefulSource, :Workplace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :DeviceType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Manufacturing :RefiningOre :Mining :ActionType ) ] ] . :ManufacturingMachine :en "manufacturing machine" ; :enn "manufacturing machine" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ManufacturingMachine'' is a ''MechanicalDevice'' that is designed to produce some solid artifact. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ] . :Manure :wnsense "manure1n" ; :wordnet "manure" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Animal 'Feces' used as fertilizer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manure' in WordNet: 1. (4) manure - (any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feces, :Fertilizer, :SubstanceRole . :Manuscript :guid "bd58e7f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "holograph1n", "manuscript2n" ; :wordnet "holograph", "manuscript" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Manuscript'' is a handwritten ''OriginalScript'' for some ''ConceptualWork''. The CYC 'Maniscript' gloss does not specify 'handwritten' - it may refer to the parent type ''OriginalScript''. CYC: An unpublished piece of text that could serve as the basis for a published piece of text Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'manuscript' in WordNet: 2. manuscript, holograph - (handwritten book or document) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OriginalScript, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handwritten ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Many :ldoce "many" ; :wnsense "abundant1adj", "many1adj", "numerous1adj" ; :wordnet "abundant", "many", "numerous" ; a :VerbalQuantifier, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'Many' is a verbal quantifier that expresses the notion that the cardinality of some Group is more than a 'Few'. The actual number range expressed by this quantifier will vary with the type of thing modified, the situation, and the speaker's attitude. The terms 'numerous' and 'abundant' have similar meanings, but are used Compare ''LotsOf'' that can be used with agregates or substances. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'many' in WordNet: 1. (354) many - (a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by 'as' or 'too' or 'so' or 'that'; amounting to a large but indefinite number; 'many temptations'; 'the temptations are many'; 'a good many'; 'a great many'; 'many directions'; 'take as many apples as you like'; 'too many clouds to see'; 'never saw so many people') WN adj 'numerous': 1. (18) numerous - (amounting to a large indefinite number; 'numerous times'; 'the family was numerous') WN Include related adj 'abundant': 1. (1) abundant - (present in great quantity; 'an abundant supply of water') """ . :Map :guid "bd58e7b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "map" ; :wnsense "map1n" ; :wordnet "map" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The abstract image that represents features or objects in a region of some space - real or imaginary. Cyc: A specialization of #$VisualArtifact-CW. Each instance of #$Map is a visual conceptual work that represents a region of physical space. Instances of #$Map represent features such as the following: geographical areas (#$GeographicalRegion), topographical features (#$TopographicalFeature), political regions (#$GeopoliticalEntity), climate zones (#$ClimateCycleType), human artifacts (#$ConstructionArtifact), population densities (#$populationDensity). Maps are generally intended to help an agent to orient itself in space or to understand some aspect(s) of a large spatial area. Instances of #$Map are physically instantiated in map copies (see the collection #$MapCopy), which may be on paper, in computerized geographical information systems, or in other forms. SUMO: An Icon which represents one or more GeographicAreas (or even the entire Earth). WordNet noun sense 1 of 'map' seems to include both abstract and physical senses: in WordNet: 1. (7) map - (a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Icon, :VisualArtifact-CW, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PhysicalMap ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :Maple :wnsense "maple1n" ; :wordnet "maple" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance Maple,a type of Wood, not a tree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maple' in Wordnet: 1. (2) maple - (wood of any of various maple trees; especially the hard close-grained wood of the sugar maple; used especially for furniture and flooring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MapleTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :MapleSap a :FluidType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sap'' is a ''LiquidSubstance'' produced by plants that moves through the vascular conduits of a ''Plant'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MapleTree ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MapleTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :MapleSyrup :wnsense "maple syrup1n" ; :wordnet "maple syrup" ; a :FluidType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MapleSyrup'' is a ''Syrup'' that is a concentrate of ''MapleSap'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maple syrup' in WordNet: 1. maple syrup - (made by concentrating sap from sugar maples) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Syrup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MapleSap ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConcentratingMapleSap ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :MapleTree :en "maple tree" ; :guid "bd58af04-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "maple2n" ; :wordnet "maple" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'maple' in Wordnet: 2. (1) maple - (any of numerous trees or shrubs of the genus Acer bearing winged seeds in pairs; north temperate zone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeciduousTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Maple ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :MaranonRiver :guid "bd588d7e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :SouthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the sources of the Amazon" . :Marathon :guid "bd58c326-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marathon2n" ; :wordnet "marathon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Marathon'' is a ''Footrace'' that proceeds over a course 26 miles and 385 yards in length. CYC: A specialization of #$RunningSportsEvent and #$IndividualSportsCompetition. Each instance of #$Marathon is a cross-country footrace of 26 miles, 385 yards (41.3 kilometers). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marathon' in WordNet: 2. marathon - (a footrace of 26 miles 385 yards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Footrace, :IndividualSportsCompetition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Running ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :MarathonCourse :en "marathon course" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MarathonCourse'' is a ''RaceCourse'' that is 26 miles and 385 yards in length, too long to be contained within one stadium or facility, and is often specified ad hoc over some path within a city or other location for a given''Marathon'' race. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RaceCourse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marathon ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Marble :wnsense "marble2n" ; :wordnet "marble" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small sphere of glass used in games, usually colored or variegated. NOTE: the stony substance 'marble' is represented as 'Marble-Stone' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marble' in WordNet: 2. (2) marble - (a small ball of glass that is used in various games) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GamePiece, :SmallObject, :SolidObject, :SphericalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glass ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1.6"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Marble-Stone :guid "c0fd6081-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marble1n" ; :wordnet "marble" ; a :StoneType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: marble as a Substance, not an Object (as in Cyc). NOTE: the term 'Marble' is used for the small glass spheres used as toys. Cyc: All pieces of marble, which is a form of limestone that has been crystallized. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marble' in WordNet: 1. (8) marble - (a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limestone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MarbleSizedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MarbleSizedObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that is not much longer than wide or thick, though not necessarily round, and whose maximum diameter is within 3 times the length of a typical playing ''Marble'' (about 1.6 centimeters), i.e. a ''MarbleSizedObject'' is less than 5 cm in maximum length, and more than 0.2 cm in its largest dimension. This type is not being used to describe small animals, but that is not precluded at this point (v0.50). For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject FingerSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FingerSizedObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1.6"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :March :wnsense "March1n" ; :wordnet "March" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are March. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'March' in Wordnet: 1. (16) March, Mar - (the month following February and preceding April) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Marching :guid "bfa75634-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "march" ; :wnsense "march1v", "march2n", "marching1n" ; :wordnet "march", "marching" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Marching' is a type of 'Walking'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 and verb sense 1 of 'march' and noun sense 1 of 'marching' in WordNet: WN verb: 1. (24) march, process - (march in a procession; 'They processed into the dining room') WN noun 'march' : 2. (13) march, marching - (the act of marching; walking with regular steps (especially in a procession of some kind); 'it was a long march'; 'we heard the sound of marching') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess ; owl:disjointWith :Running . :Marchioness :guid "bdc3867a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marchioness1n", "marchioness2n", "marquise1n" ; :wordnet "marchioness", "marquise" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all marchionesses, or female persons who hold hereditary marquessal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Marquess. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marchioness' in WordNet: 1. marchioness - (the wife or widow of a marquis) 2. marchioness, marquise - (a noblewoman ranking below a duchess and above a countess) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson . :Mare :wnsense "female horse1n", "mare1n" ; :wordnet "female horse", "mare" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mare' in WordNet: 1. (2) mare, female horse - (female equine animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemaleAnimal, :Horse . :Margarine :guid "be01087f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Semirigid, :Spreadable ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :VegetableOil ; :wasaSubstituteFor :Butter ; :wnsense "margarin2n", "margarine1n", "marge1n", "oleo1n", "oleomargarine1n" ; :wordnet "margarin", "margarine", "marge", "oleo", "oleomargarine" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Margarine'' is a less expensive substtute for ''Butter''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'margarine' in WordNet: 1. margarine, margarin, oleo, oleomargarine, marge - (a spread made chiefly from vegetable oils and used as a substitute for butter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture, :Paste, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Semirigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Margarita :guid "be12f48b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :EthylAlcohol, :LemonJuice, :Tequila ; :wnsense "margarita1n" ; :wordnet "margarita" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'margarita' in WordNet: 1. margarita - (a cocktail made of tequila and triple sec with lime and lemon juice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CocktailDrink . :Margin :wnsense "margin1n" ; :wordnet "margin" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Margin' is a Region that borders some side(s) of another Region. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'margin' in WordNet: 1. (6) margin, border, perimeter - (the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Region, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :RegionPair ] . :Marginal :pertainsTo :Margin ; :wnsense "fringy1adj", "marginal1adj" ; :wordnet "fringy", "marginal" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Marginal'' pertains to a ''Margin'' (an edge or border on some two-dimensional object). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'marginal' in Wordnet: 1. (4) fringy, marginal - (at or constituting a border or edge; 'the marginal strip of beach') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Marginalizing :wnsense "marginalisation1n", "marginalise1v", "marginalization1n", "marginalize1v" ; :wordnet "marginalisation", "marginalise", "marginalization", "marginalize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Marginalizing'' is a ''SocialInteraction'' in which some Person(s) acts or speaks so as to denigrate the significance or value of other Person(s). NOTE: a boader sense might include considering a fact to be of little significance for some purpose. That is left for future versions. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'marginalize' in WordNet: 1. marginalize, marginalise - (relegate to a lower or outer edge, as of specific groups of people; 'We must not marginalize the poor in our society') WN noun 'marginalization': 1. marginalization, marginalisation - (the social process of becoming or being made marginal (especially as a group within the larger society); 'the marginalization of the underclass'; 'the marginalization of literature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offending, :SocialInteraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Borderline ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Marijuana :guid "bd5c63a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cannabis2n", "ganja2n", "marihuana2n", "marijuana2n" ; :wordnet "cannabis", "ganja", "marihuana", "marijuana" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all harvested (and possibly dried and shredded) psychoactive leaves and flowers of instances of #$HempPlant (often with seeds and stems included). #$Marijuana is a recreational #$IllegalDrug in the #$NaiveUSLawCOC microtheory, and is also used to relieve intraocular pressure in glaucoma, to relieve nausea in chemotherapy patients, to enhance appetite, and for other medical purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marijuana' in WordNet: 2. cannabis, marijuana, marihuana, ganja - (the most commonly used illicit drug; considered a soft drug, it consists of the dried leaves of the hemp plant; smoked or chewed for euphoric effect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, :IllegalDrug, :PlantProduct, :PsychoactiveAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MarijuanaPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :MarijuanaPlant :wnsense "Cannabis sativa1n", "ganja1n", "marihuana1n", "marijuana1n" ; :wordnet "Cannabis sativa", "ganja", "marihuana", "marijuana" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marijuana' in WordNet: 1. marijuana, marihuana, ganja, Cannabis sativa - (a strong-smelling plant from whose dried leaves a number of euphoriant and hallucinogenic drugs are prepared) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HempPlant, :TerrestrialOrganism . :Marina :guid "c0fbaddc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marina1n" ; :wordnet "marina" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The facilities in a region of a harbor which is near shore and is where boats are docked. a boat basin offering dockage and other service for small craft. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marina' in Wordnet: 1. marina - (a fancy dock for small yachts and cabin cruisers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DockingFacility . :Marinade :guid "c11b8ebb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marinade1n" ; :wordnet "marinade" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of all instances of marinades. A marinade is a mixture in which food soaks for a period of time prior to cooking. Marinades are mostly applied to meat or fish. The purpose of a marinade is to impart flavor to the items marinated and sometimes to change their texture. Brining can be considered marination, so the solution of salt, water, and sugar is a particularly simple marinade. Most marinades containing more flavoring ingredients. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marinade' in WordNet: 1. marinade - (mixtures of vinegar or wine and oil with various spices and seasonings; used for soaking foods before cooking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment . :Marine :pertainsTo :Ocean, :Sea ; :wnsense "marine1adj" ; :wordnet "marine" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Marine''is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to an ''Ocean'' or ''Sea''s connected to the oceans. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'marine' in Wordnet: 1. (2) marine - (of or relating to the sea; 'marine explorations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MarineCorps :guid "beebd6c2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Marine Corps1n", "Marines1n", "US Marine Corps1n", "USMC1n", "United States Marine Corps1n", "United States Marines1n" ; :wordnet "Marine Corps", "Marines", "US Marine Corps", "USMC", "United States Marine Corps", "United States Marines" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the US Marine Corps. CYC A subcollection of #$BranchOfMilitaryService. Each instance of #$MarineCorps is a military branch, modern or historical, composed mainly of soldiers (i.e. combat personnel) who serve on ships or in conjunction with naval forces, and whose purpose is to defend or attack coastal areas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'United States Marines' in WordNet: 1. (5) United States Marine Corps, United States Marines, Marine Corps, US Marine Corps, USMC, Marines - (an amphibious division of the United States Navy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BranchOfMilitaryService, :MilitaryCorps . :MarineOrganism :guid "bd590884-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Organisms which spend most or all of their time immersed in salt water.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AquaticOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeaWater ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ] . :Marionette :wnsense "marionette1n", "puppet1n" ; :wordnet "marionette", "puppet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Wikipedia: A marionette is a puppet controlled from above using wires or strings depending on regional variations. A marionette's puppeteer is called a marionettist. Marionettes are operated with the puppeteer hidden or revealed to an audience by using a vertical or horizontal control bar in different forms of theatres or entertainment venues. They have also been used in films and on television. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'marionette' (but this includes mimicing ''NonHumanAnimal''s or even mythical creatures) in WordNet: 1. puppet, marionette - (a small figure of a person operated from above with strings by a puppeteer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Puppet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marionettist ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControlBar ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControlBar ; owl:onProperty :isFlexiblySuspendedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfString ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfString ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfString ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ] . :Marionettist :en "marionettist" ; :enn "marionettist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Marionettist'' is a ''Puppeteer'' who controls a ''Marionette'' by manipulating a ''ControlBar'' that has a Marionette attached to it by strings. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Puppeteer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marionette ; owl:onProperty :controlsManually ] . :Marital :pertainsTo :Marriage, :Marrying, :WeddingCeremony ; :wnsense "marital1adj", "married2adj", "matrimonial1adj" ; :wordnet "marital", "married", "matrimonial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Marital'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to objects salient at a ''Wedding'' or Events occurring during a ''Marriage''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'marital' in Wordnet: 1. (2) marital, matrimonial, married - (of or relating to the state of marriage; 'marital status'; 'marital fidelity'; 'married bliss') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Maritime :pertainsTo :Navigation, :Ocean, :ShippingByWater ; :wnsense "marine2adj", "maritime1adj", "nautical1adj" ; :wordnet "marine", "maritime", "nautical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Maritime'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the Ocean and to things that happen on the surface of a BodyOfWater. THe attribute specifically referring to the Ocean is represented as ''Marine''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'maritime' in Wordnet: 1. nautical, maritime, marine - (relating to or involving ships or shipping or navigation or seamen; 'nautical charts'; 'maritime law'; 'marine insurance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Marjoram :wnsense "Origanum vulgare1n", "marjoram1n", "oregano1n", "pot marjoram1n", "wild marjoram1n", "winter sweet2n" ; :wordnet "Origanum vulgare", "marjoram", "oregano", "pot marjoram", "wild marjoram", "winter sweet" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marjoram' in WordNet: 1. oregano, marjoram, pot marjoram, wild marjoram, winter sweet, Origanum vulgare - (aromatic Eurasian perennial) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Origanum . :Mark :ennp "marks" ; :hasPluralForm "marks" ; :ldoce "mark" ; :wnsense "mark13n", "mark14n", "mark2n", "mark4n", "marker2n", "marking1n" ; :wordnet "mark", "marker", "marking" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Mark' is any visible PhysicalFeature that is located on the *surface* of some PhysicalObject. This is very broad in meaning, and can include color differences on a surface, texture differences, the absence of something (as a bald spot on a hairy surface), or any other surface feature that presents a visible contrast to the background appearance of the surface. It can also be ephemeral, as features on a computer screen made up of light dots. It is not necessarily an Artifact (e.g. sptson a ''Leopard''.. This broad sense is not specifically represented by any synset in WordNet, but includes noun senses 4, 6, 13, 1nd 14 of 'mark' in WordNet: 4. (3) mark, print - (a visible indication made on a surface; 'some previous reader had covered the pages with dozens of marks'; 'paw prints were everywhere') 13. scratch, scrape, scar, mark - (an indication of damage) 14. crisscross, cross, mark - (a marking that consists of lines that cross each other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalFeature, :Sign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ] . :Marked :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MarkingOnASurface ; :wnsense "marked3adj" ; :wordnet "marked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Marked'' is a AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects whose surface has been modified to contain a visible ''Mark''. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'marked' in Wordnet: 3. (1) marked - (having or as if having an identifying mark or a mark as specified; often used in combination; 'played with marked cards'; 'a scar-marked face'; 'well-marked roads') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Markedly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Pronounced ; :wnsense "markedly1adv" ; :wordnet "markedly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Markedly'' is an adverb that modifies an adjective (AttributeValue) to assert that the modified adjective is a very noticeable degree of that adjective. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'markedly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) markedly - (in a clearly noticeable manner; 'sales of luxury cars dropped markedly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Marker :wnsense "marker1n" ; :wordnet "marker" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Marker'' is any solid object placed where it will be visible to those nearby, to serve as a sign that something is in that location, or to direct someone to a location. A ''Marker'' may act in some way as part of its function, suchas giving out light or sound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marker' in WordNet: 1. (1) marker - (some conspicuous object used to distinguish or mark something; 'the buoys were markers for the channel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :SignObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conspicuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :MarketEconomy :wnsense "free enterprise1n", "laissez-faire economy1n", "market economy1n", "private enterprise1n" ; :wordnet "free enterprise", "laissez-faire economy", "market economy", "private enterprise" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'market economy' in WordNet: 1. market economy, free enterprise, private enterprise, laissez-faire economy - (an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NationalEconomy . :MarketMaker :ldoce "market" ; :wnsense "market2n" ; :wordnet "market" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'MarketMaker' is some Organization that has instituted procedures and methods for buying and selling of things in any medium. This can be a traditional stock exchange, such as the 'New York Stock Exchange' or an online marketplace such as Amazon.com pr ebay.com, or smaller market makers having more limited domains of activity. Includes but is not limited to noun sense 2 of 'market' in in WordNet: 2. (135) market, securities industry - (the securities markets in the aggregate; 'the market always frustrates the small investor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Business, :CommercialServiceOrganization, :FinancialOrganization . :MarketMonopoly :en "market monopoly" ; :wnsense "monopoly1n" ; :wordnet "monopoly" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MarketMonopoly'' is the state of ''MonopolizingSomething''where the 'something' is the supply of some product sold on a market, such as silver, corn, wheat, or crude oil. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monopoly' in WordNet: 1. (5) monopoly - ((economics) a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller; 'a monopoly on silver'; 'when you have a monopoly you can ask any price you like') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonopolizingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingAuthority ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :MarketPlace :en "shopping area" ; :guid "bf03a1bc-1171-41d8-8060-bb05797159d3" ; :ldoce "market" ; :wnsense "marketplace2n" ; :wordnet "marketplace" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A Place (object or Region) where things are bought and sold. This can include indoor locations such as retail stores. Outdoor markets would be a subtype. This is a physical location; for a 'marketplace' that may be online, use 'VirtualMarket' which is an aggregate of buying and selling Actions that occur through some common mechanism, which could also be located in a physical location (as the New York Stock exchange was at one time). This is not just the outdoor market - that would be a subtype. Cyc: (;Marketplace-Object;) A specialization of #$ShoppingCenter-Object. Instance of this collection are places, typically outside, where vendors sell goods to the public. NOTE: CYC parent 'ShoppingCenter-Object' is not in the OpenCYC ontology used. The MarketPlace should be is known to and used by buyers and sellers for buying and selling, whether there is one or many merchants, and whether it is fully open to the general public, or only (as in the stock exchange) only to members of the market. This includes single-merchant markets (stores) and -agent markets, whether indoor or outdoor. A 'flea market' is a subtype, as are yard sales and house sales (which are 'Market's only for the time they are used, perhaps as few as several hours. This is for physical locations only: for virtual or online markets use 'VirtualMarket' Includes and Corresponds most closely to noun sense 4 of 'market' in WordNet, but the WN sense does not seems to include multi-seller markets and non-grocery markets, which are included in the more general sense for this type: WN noun 'marketplace': in WordNet: 2. (2) marketplace, mart - (an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroundsOfOrganization, :Place, :PlaceOfBusiness, :Role . :MarketingActivity :guid "c0bd7085-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "market" ; :wnsense "market1v", "marketing2n" ; :wordnet "market", "marketing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CommercialActivity and #$BusinessEvent. Instances of this collection include events such as market research, #$Advertising, product design and pricing and of course, sales (cf. #$SalesActivity). See 'VirtualMarket' for the Group of all buying/selling transactions (which will have many specializations). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marketing' and verb sense 1 of 'market' in WordNet: 2. marketing - - (the commercial processes involved in promoting and selling and distributing a product or service; 'most companies have a manager in charge of marketing') WN verb 'market': 1. (3) market - (engage in the commercial promotion, sale, or distribution of; 'The company is marketing its new line of beauty products') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :BusinessEvent, :CommercialActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Selling ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ] . :MarkingForIdentification :en "labeling an object", "marking for identification" ; :enn "labeling an object", "marking for identification" ; :guid "c0fc17b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. #$MarkingForIdentification is a specialization of #$MarkingOnASurface instances of which involve an agent making or placing a mark (or marks) on a surface of some partially tangible object in order to make it easier to recognize or identify the object in the future. Such markings might enable one to identify the object as a particular individual (as in the case of stamping an automobile engine block with a VIN) or might only enable it to be recognized as belonging to a certain group or class (as in branding cattle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Labelling, :MarkingOnASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalLabel ] . :MarkingOnASurface :guid "bd588d33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mark5v" ; :wordnet "mark" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$MaterialHandling and #$IBOCreation. Each instance of #$MarkingOnASurface is an event in which visible markings are placed on a surface by an agent (see the collection #$Agent). The marking may be done by adding material to a surface (as in instances of #$Painting-Activity) or removing material from a surface (as in instances of #$EngravingEvent). When the mark is created by applying something to a surace, it is an instance of 'ApplyingSomethingToSurface'. (see e.g. 'Printing'). The closest WordNet verb sense of 'mark' is 5, but it is unclear whether Wordnet restricts this to a surface: in WordNet: 5. (5) mark - (make or leave a mark on; 'the scouts marked the trail'; 'ash marked the believers' foreheads') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBOCreation, :MaterialHandling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mark ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marked ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Marksman :wnsense "crack shot1n", "marksman1n", "sharpshooter2n" ; :wordnet "crack shot", "marksman", "sharpshooter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marksman' in WordNet: 1. (8) marksman, sharpshooter, crack shot - (someone skilled in shooting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Shooter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShootingaFirearm ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :MarkupLanguage :wnsense "markup language1n" ; :wordnet "markup language" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """HypertextMarkupLanguage Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'markup language' in WordNet: 1. markup language - (a set of symbols and rules for their use when doing a markup of a document) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerLanguage . :Marlin :guid "c0fd62bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marlin1n" ; :wordnet "marlin" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: any large, saltwater game fish of the genera Makaira and Tetrapterus, having the upper jaw elongated into a spearlike structure. WordNet 'marlin': in WordNet: 1. marlin - (large long-jawed oceanic sport fishes; related to sailfishes and spearfishes; not completely cold-blooded i.e. able to warm their brains and eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BonyFish, :EdibleFish . :Marmalade :wnsense "marmalade1n" ; :wordnet "marmalade" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a substance that is a form of ''Preserve'' prepared from citrus fruit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marmalade' in WordNet: 1. (1) marmalade - (a preserve made of the pulp and rind of citrus fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DessertSubstance, :SweetFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrushedFruit ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitRind ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CitrusFruit ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitPulp ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :MarneRiver :guid "bd588ca6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the principal rivers of the world" . :MaroonColor :guid "34b7fc7e-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "brownish-red1adj", "maroon1adj", "maroon2n" ; :wordnet "brownish-red", "maroon" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Maroon'' can be any of varying proportions of red. blue, and brown, with mostly red and blue but at least a little of each. NOTE: This is an attribute value. The WN color per se and the attribute are mixed in this type. Should unmix if and when necessary. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'maroon' in Wordnet: 1. (1) maroon, brownish-red - (of dark brownish to purplish red) WN noun sense 2 of 'maroon': 2. maroon - (a dark purplish-red to dark brownish-red color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bluish, :Brownish, :DarkRed-Color, :Reddish . :Marooned :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BecomingMarooned ; :wnsense "marooned1adj", "stranded1adj" ; :wordnet "marooned", "stranded" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Marooned' is a form of ''Isolated'' for People who are left in some location remote from home where it is difficult or impossible to return to that Person's home location. This is prototypically on some remote unpopulate island, but could be in any wilderness where it is impractical to walk out and no transportation method is available. Typically there is no means of communication with the outside world. For the more general senses use parent ''Isolated''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'marooned' in Wordnet: 1. isolated, marooned, stranded - (cut off or left behind; 'an isolated pawn'; 'several stranded fish in a tide pool'; 'travelers marooned by the blizzard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Isolated . :Marquee :wnsense "marquee2n", "marquise2n" ; :wordnet "marquee", "marquise" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Marquee'' may have a sign on it, especially one in front of a theater, which typically names the main attraction. This includes senses 1 and 2 of 'marquee' in RHW: 1. a tall rooflike projection above a theater entrance, usually containing the name of a currently featured play or film and its stars. 2. a rooflike shelter, as of glass, projecting above an outer door and over a sidewalk or a terrace. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marquee' in WordNet: 2. marquee, marquise - (permanent canopy over an entrance of a hotel etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canopy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NoticeSign ; owl:onProperty :mayHavePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExteriorDoor ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :Marquess :guid "bfc6b1fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marquess2n" ; :wordnet "marquess" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all marquesses, or male persons who hold hereditary marquessal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch, in the systems of nobility of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. This distinct from the French #$Marquis. See also #$Marchioness. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marquess' in WordNet: 2. marquess - (a British peer ranking below a duke and above an earl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson . :Marquis :guid "bda4f2ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marquess1n", "marquis2n" ; :wordnet "marquess", "marquis" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all marquis, or male persons who hold hereditary marquessal titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch, in the systems of nobility of #$France, #$Luxembourg or #$Belgium. This is distinct from the British #$Marquess. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'marquis' in WordNet: 2. marquis, marquess - (nobleman (in various countries) ranking above a count) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson . :Marriage :ldoce "marriage", "union" ; :wnsense "marriage1n", "matrimony1n", "spousal relationship1n", "union5n", "wedlock1n" ; :wordnet "marriage", "matrimony", "spousal relationship", "union", "wedlock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Marriage' is the PersistentState of living while having a legally recognized relationship with some spouse. This concept includes both heterosexual and homosexual marriage, only requiring that the union be recognized by some Authority. common-law Marriage is not included, unless it is in a state that is in fact recognized or would be recognized by an authority. This is a subtype of 'Living' and is therefore also an 'Experience'. NOTE-FOL that the participants in this relation are related by the 'hasSpouse' relation (see 'isPerformedBy' relation, below). NOTE that this state can be experienced by fictional characters, and it is therefore not necessarily a subtype of 'RealExistence'. The restriction 'hasIntendedResultOrProduct' (a restriction inherited from PurposefulAction) has the minimal value 'Companionship' for all marriages. There may be other purposes such as raising a family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marriage' and sense 1 of 'matrimony' and sense 1 of 'wedlock' in WordNet: 1. (26) marriage, matrimony, union, spousal relationship, wedlock - (the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce); 'a long and happy marriage'; 'God bless this union') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AccompanyingaPerson, :DoingThingsTogether, :Living, :PersonalCircumstances, :SocialState, :StateOfUnion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spouse ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Companionship ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Companionship ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marrying ; owl:onProperty :isInitiatedBy ] . :MarriageOfPatAndDianeCassidy :hadActionPerformed :PatAndDianeLivingTogetherInPlainfield ; :hadObjectPerceived :DianeCassidy, :PatrickCassidy ; :hasComponentElement :PatAndDianeLivingTogetherInPlainfield ; :hasSubEvent :MarriageOfPatAndDianeCassidy, :PatAndDianeTouchingEachOther1986 ; :hasSubjectOfState :DianeCassidy, :PatrickCassidy ; :isaSubEventOf :MarriageOfPatAndDianeCassidy ; :usesSenseOrOrgan :TouchAbility ; :wasPerformedByAgent :DianeCassidy, :PatrickCassidy ; a :Action, :Event, :Marriage . :Married :guid "6ea7553c-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unmarried ; :wnsense "married1adj", "united3adj" ; :wordnet "married", "united" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Married' is an attribute of people who are currently married, and also applies as an adjective to the couple who are married. This includes same-sex unions that are recognized as 'marriage' by law. CYC: The attribute of being married (having a spouse). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'married' and sense 1 of 'united' in WordNet: 1. (17) married - - (joined in matrimony; 'a married man'; 'a married couple') WN adjective 'united': 3. joined, united - (of or relating to two people who are married to each other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :United . :MarriedCouple :wnsense "man and wife1n", "marriage1n", "married couple1n" ; :wordnet "man and wife", "marriage", "married couple" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NotMarriedCouple'' is two people who are married **to each other**. The two ''Spouse'e are spouses of each other. This would require FOL to specify properly. This is subtype of ''Family-Human'' consisting only of two people married to each other, whether or not they also have children.- Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'married couple' in WordNet: 1. (2) marriage, married couple, man and wife - (two people who are married to each other; 'his second marriage was happier than the first'; 'a married couple without love') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoupleOfPeople, :Family-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Spouse ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Marrying :en "marrying" ; :ldoce "marry" ; :wnsense "marry1v", "wed1v" ; :wordnet "marry", "wed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Marrying' is the Action of one person taking another person as a spouse. The mutual acts of Marrying are part of a 'WeddingCeremony'. 'Marrying' represents the transitive verb 'to marry (someone)'. The object of the verb is the person being taken in marriage. This is not the act of a person officiating at the ceremony (that is sense 2 of 'marry' in WN). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'marry' and sense 1 of 'wed' in WordNet: WN 'marry' 1. (44) marry, get married, wed, conjoin, hook up with, get hitched with, espouse - (take in marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeddingCeremony ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marriage ; owl:onProperty :initiatesState ] . :Mars :hasMassInGrams "0.64185E27"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "Mars1n" ; :wordnet "Mars" ; a :NonEarthSolarPlanet ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mars' in Wordnet: 1. (14) Mars, Red Planet - (a small reddish planet that is the 4th from the sun and is periodically visible to the naked eye; minerals rich in iron cover its surface and are responsible for its characteristic color; 'Mars has two satellites') """ . :Marseillaise :hasTopic :France ; :wasCreatedBy :ClaudeJosephRougetdeLisle ; :wnsense "Marseillaise1n" ; :wordnet "Marseillaise" ; a :NationalAnthem ; rdfs:comment """ Wikipedia: \"La Marseillaise\"[a] is the national anthem of France. The song was written in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg after the declaration of war by France against Austria, and was originally titled \"Chant de guerre pour l'Armee du Rhin\" (\" War Song for the Army of the Rhine \"). The French National Convention adopted it as the Republic's anthem in 1795. The song acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching to the capital. """ . :Marsh :wnsense "fen2n", "marsh1n", "marshland1n" ; :wordnet "fen", "marsh", "marshland" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some part of a ''Marsh'' consist of grass plants - the restriction pointing to ''GrassFamily'' sounds odd - perhaps a different class or relation is needed? Can't use 'allValuesFrom' because things other than grass are present. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marsh' in WordNet: 1. (1) marsh, marshland, fen, fenland - (low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water; 'thousands of acres of marshland'; 'the fens of eastern England') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShallowBodyOfWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shallow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrassFamily ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :MarshPlant :wnsense "bog plant1n", "marsh plant1n", "swamp plant1n" ; :wordnet "bog plant", "marsh plant", "swamp plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marsh plant' in WordNet: 1. marsh plant, bog plant, swamp plant - (a semiaquatic plant that grows in soft wet land; most are monocots: sedge, sphagnum, grasses, cattails, etc; possibly heath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AquaticPlant . :MarshallIslands a :Country . :MarshallingResources :wnsense "marshal3v", "mobilisation1n", "mobilise3v", "mobilization1n", "mobilize1v", "summon4v" ; :wordnet "marshal", "mobilisation", "mobilise", "mobilization", "mobilize", "summon" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """THe 'resoures' brought together in a ''MarshallingResources'' Action can be of many kinds: objects, people, or one's own internal 'energy' ; 'marshal your courage'. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'marshal' in WordNet: 3. (1) mobilize, mobilise, marshal, summon - (make ready for action or use; 'marshal resources') WN noun 'mobilization': 2. mobilization, mobilisation - (act of marshaling and organizing and making ready for use or action; \"mobilization of the country's economic resources\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collecting, :ComingTogether, :PreparingForSituation . :Marshmallow :wnsense "marshmallow1n" ; :wordnet "marshmallow" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Marshmallow'' is a ''Confection'' consisting of a roughly cubic or short cylindrical piece of ''MarshmallowStuff'' a few centimeters in each direction, covered with powdered sugar, eaten as a ''FingerFood''. Note: WN does not distinguish between substances and objects made of substances; 'marshmallow' in WN descends from a 'substance' hierarchy but the glosses could be interpreted as objects. The WN synset entry is reference in COSMO for both senses. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'marshmallow' in WordNet: 1. marshmallow - (spongy confection made of gelatin and sugar and corn syrup and dusted with powdered sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Confection, :FingerFood, :SpongyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MarshmallowStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :MarshmallowStuff :guid "a65b61d0-2d06-11d8-8b19-0002b396fafa" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Spongy ; :wnsense "marshmallow1n" ; :wordnet "marshmallow" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the substance of which 'marshmallow's are made. the CYC gloss is for an Object, but CYC treats substances as objects, so the gloss is applicable to the substance or an object made of it. CYC: An instance of #$DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType. Each instance of #$Marshmallow is a light, #$Spongy, very sweet confection made of #$CornSyrup, #$Gelatin, #$Sugar-Generic, and #$Starch, and dusted with (#$PowderedFn #$Sugar-Generic). Note: WN does not distinguish between substances and objects made of substances; 'marshmallow' in WN descends from a 'substance' hierarchy but the glosses could be interpreted as objects. The WN synset entry is reference in COSMO for both senses. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'marhmallow' in WordNet: 1. marshmallow - (spongy confection made of gelatin and sugar and corn syrup and dusted with powdered sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Candy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spongy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Marsupial :guid "bd58bc84-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marsupial1n" ; :wordnet "marsupial" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Mammals with pouches for their young. SUMO: The Class of Mammals which have a pouch for their young. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marsupial' in Wordnet: 1. marsupial, pouched mammal - (mammals of which the females have a pouch (the marsupium) containing the teats where the young are fed and carried) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mammal, :NonHumanAnimal . :Martial :pertainsTo :Combat, :MartialArtsActivity-Asian, :Soldier, :War ; :wnsense "martial1adj", "martial2adj", "soldierlike1adj", "soldierly1adj", "warriorlike1adj" ; :wordnet "martial", "soldierlike", "soldierly", "warriorlike" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Martial'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to soldiers or war or action characteristic of war or battle. For 'martial' pertaining to the armed forces use ''Military''. Includes but is broader than adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'martial' (includes combat activites,not just persons) in Wordnet: 1. (1) soldierly, soldierlike, warriorlike, martial - ((of persons) befitting a warrior; \"a military bearing\") 2. warlike, martial - (suggesting war or military life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MartialArtist :en "martial artist" ; :guid "c1325a26-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of individuals who practice the martial arts. This applies particularly to practitioners of ''MartialArtsActivity-Asian''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete . :MartialArtsActivity-Asian :guid "bebb086f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "martial art1n" ; :wordnet "martial art" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all activities that consist of a #$Person practicing, performing, or using an Asian martial art like karate, kung fu, or taekwondo. NOTE: this is the action, not the ''Specification'' which is how a 'Sport'; is classified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'martial art' in WordNet: 1. martial art - (any of several Oriental arts of weaponless self-defense; usually practiced as a sport; 'he had a black belt in the martial arts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Martial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MartialArtsSportsEvent :en "martial arts event" ; :enn "martial arts event" ; :guid "bdcb519e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all sports matches in which the competitors use Asian martial arts like karate, kung fu, or taekwondo to try to defeat each other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombatSportsEvent, :MartialArtsActivity-Asian . :Martian :guid "bd5bae89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Martian1n" ; :wordnet "Martian" ; a :AgentType, :OrganismType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Mythical creatures who come from #$PlanetMars. NOTE: this type is non-committal as to whether intelligent ''Martian''s can exist (there may have been some millions of years ago), so it is ''Hypothetical'' rather than ''Mythical''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Martian' in WordNet: 1. (3) Martian - (imaginary people who live on the planet Mars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExtraterrestrialLifeForm, :IntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mars ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hypothetical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MartinLutherWasRight :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Martin_Luther_was_right ; :hasTopic :ENG_Martin_Luther_was_right ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :Martini :guid "be601ebb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :EthylAlcohol ; :wnsense "martini1n" ; :wordnet "martini" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'martini' in WordNet: 1. (2) martini - (a cocktail made of gin (or vodka) with dry vermouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CocktailDrink . :Martinique a :Country . :Martyr :wnsense "martyr1n", "sufferer2n" ; :wordnet "martyr", "sufferer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Martyr'' is a Person who suffers from some Event or situation because shhe refuses to do some Action against hisher principles.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'martyr' in WordNet: 1. (8) martyr, sufferer - (one who suffers for the sake of principle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Victim . :Marveling :wnsense "marvel1v", "wonder3v" ; :wordnet "marvel", "wonder" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'marvel' in WordNet: 1. (4) wonder, marvel - (be amazed at; 'We marvelled at the child's linguistic abilities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Reaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wonder ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Marxism :wnsense "Marxism1n" ; :wordnet "Marxism" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :SystemType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Marxism'' is the Actions that practice the theory, not the theory. Theory should be added - @ToDo. 1. Marxism - (the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Socialism . :Marxist :pertainsTo :Marxism, :MarxistPerson ; :wnsense "Marxist1adj" ; :wordnet "Marxist" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Marxist' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Marxist - (following the ideas of Marx and Engels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MarxistPerson :wnsense "Marxist1n" ; :wordnet "Marxist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Marxist' in WordNet: 1. Marxist - (an advocate of Marxism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leftist, :Politician, :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marxism ; owl:onProperty :supportsProposition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marxism ; owl:onProperty :desires ] . :Mascara :guid "c1008397-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mascara1n" ; :wordnet "mascara" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A thick, dark-colored colored coating applied to the eyelashes to accent the eyes. NOTE: used also on ''Eyebrow''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mascara' in WordNet: 1. (1) mascara - (makeup that is used to darken and thicken the eye lashes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Makeup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingMascara ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :Masculine :wnsense "masculine2adj" ; :wordnet "masculine" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'masculine' in Wordnet: 2. (1) masculine - (associated with men and not with women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MasculineGender :wnsense "masculine1adj" ; :wordnet "masculine" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'masculine' in Wordnet: 1. (2) masculine - (of grammatical gender) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Masculinity :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Male ; :wnsense "masculinity2n" ; :wordnet "masculinity" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'masculinity' in WordNet: 2. masculinity - (the trait of behaving in ways considered typical for men) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Maleness, :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Male ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Maser :wnsense "maser1n" ; :wordnet "maser" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maser' in WordNet: 1. maser - (an acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an amplifier that works on the same principle as a laser and emits coherent microwave radiation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amplifier, :ElectronicDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmplifyingMicrowaveRadiation ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Mashed :en "mashed" ; :enadj "mashed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Mashing ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mashed'' is the attribute of ''Pulp'' that has been created by a ''Mashing'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :MashedPotatoes :wnsense "mashed potato1n" ; :wordnet "mashed potato" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A form of ''Potato-Foodstuff'' that is ''Mushy'', prepared by a''Mashing'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mashed potato' in WordNet: 1. mashed potato - (potato that has been peeled and boiled and then mashed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Potato-Foodstuff, :PreparedFoodStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mashed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mushy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Mashing :wnsense "mash3v" ; :wordnet "mash" ; a :ActionType, :CuttingOrGrindingType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mashing'' is a form of ''Grinding'' that used pressure to reduce a soft material into a pulpy mass. Closes to RHW 'mash' sense 2: 2. to reduce to a soft, pulpy mass, as by beating or pressure, esp. in the preparation of food. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'mash' in WordNet: 3. grind, mash, crunch, bray, comminute - (reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading; 'grind the spices in a mortar'; 'mash the garlic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grinding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pulp ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Masjid :wnsense "masjid1n", "musjid1n" ; :wordnet "masjid", "musjid" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """What is the difference between this and ''Mosque''? Perhaps this can be only part of a building. RHW: 'a mosque.' (Arabic term.for ''Mosque''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'masjid' in WordNet: 1. masjid, musjid - ((Islam) a Muslim place of worship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimPrayer ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mullah ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyManagedBy ] . :Mask :guid "c10af45f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mask1n" ; :wordnet "mask" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of items worn on the face; used to protect the face, as part of a costume, or to obscure the identity. Also used for surgical 'masks' designed to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mask ' in Wordnet: 1. (1) mask - (a covering to disguise or conceal the face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :Covering-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Masked :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :guid "2464f5e2-6e9e-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :WearingaMask ; :wnsense "cloaked1adj", "disguised1adj", "masked1adj" ; :wordnet "cloaked", "disguised", "masked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Masked'' characterizes a Person who is ''WearingaMask''. Not for other kinds of concealment. 'Who was that masked man?' ('The Lone Ranger') CYC: The collection of all persons wearing a #$Mask over their face. Corresponds to *part* (for people wearing a ''Mask'') adjective sense 1 of 'masked' in Wordnet: 1. cloaked, disguised, masked - (having its true character concealed with the intent of misleading; 'hidden agenda'; 'masked threat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MaskingSomething :eng "masking" ; :wnsense "mask2v" ; :wordnet "mask" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MaskingSomething'' is ''CoveringSomething'' with some Object that serves as to prevent view of the thing ''Masked''. This includes putting on a ''Mask'' but is much broader. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mask' in WordNet: 2. (1) mask - (put a mask on or cover with a mask; 'Mask the children for Halloween') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoveringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mask ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :MaskingTape :wnsense "masking paper1n", "masking tape1n" ; :wordnet "masking paper", "masking tape" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MaskingTape'' is used t cover art of a surface that one does not want painted, while painting some of the parts not covered. Typically, used to cover windows in a frame when the frame is being painted. NOTE: Thus the logical oddity appears that this is used in ''PaintingAnObject'' and also *prevents* ''PaintingAnObject'' - but the 'object' in the two restrictions refer to different parts of a larger object. This will need FOL to specify, unless one specifies the parts to e painted and those to be masked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'masking tape' in WordNet: 1. masking tape, masking paper - (adhesive tape used to cover the part of a surface that should not be painted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdhesiveTape, :Tape, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaintingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaintingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Mason :wnsense "mason1n" ; :wordnet "mason" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who builds structures made of stone or brick. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mason' in WordNet: 4. mason, stonemason - (a craftsman who works with stone or brick) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TradeWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoneStructure ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :Masquerading :guid "be9c18ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "masquerade2v" ; :wordnet "masquerade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of events in which a person pretends to be someone or something other than himself, in some context other than that of a dramatic performance. The purpose of the pretense may be entertainment, however, as in the case of #$Masquerading on #$Halloween, or for #$MardiGras (see #$MasqueradingAtASocialGathering). On the other hand, instances of #$Masquerading also include deliberately deceitful acts such as those that a con-artist might engage in in order to defraud someone (see #$Masquerading-Deceiving). #$Masquerading is distinct from #$DramaticActing, which is the collection of events in which a person portrays someone or something other than himself in the context of a dramatic performance (i.e., in a theatre, in front of an audience...). Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 2 of 'masquerade' (only for while wearing a '''Costume'' - for other senses use parent ''Pretending'') in WordNet: 2. (1) masquerade - (pretend to be someone or something that you are not; 'he is masquerading as an expert on the Internet'; 'This silly novel is masquerading as a serious historical treaty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WearingaCostume ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Mass :en "mass" ; :takesValue :MassMeasure ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Mass is a property of all PhysicalObjects. It is a quantitative measure, and the standard unit is the kilogram, but many other common units of mass are used, such as the pound. Mass is often not distinguished from weight, which technically is a force measure, but informally is interchangeable with mass in the context of a location on the Earth's surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute, :Size . :MassAudience :en "mass audience" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MassAudience'' is a ''LargeGroupOfPeople''that is the intended audience for a ''MassCommunicating''. Usually a lot more than 1000 people, but that is set as the minimum for this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Audience, :LargeGroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:minCardinality "1000" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MassCommunicating ; owl:onProperty :isTheIntendedAudienceOf ] . :MassCommunicating :en "mass communicating", "mass communication" ; :guid "bd86cf6c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MassCommunicating'' is a ''Communication'' act or series of Actions that convey a message to a large audience, more than can be reached by one Person in pers0n-to-Person ontacts, therefore requiring use of some ''MediumOfCommunication'' (publications, TV, radio, internet). CYC: Communication actions in which a great many agents are the targets of the communication. This is not necessarily limited to communications which use broadcast media such as television or radio - it also includes mass communications accomplished by print media, by telephoning lots of people, by individually telling many people the same message, or by using a combination of media. Examples: an ad campaign, a ''get out the vote'' effort, or a smear campaign.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :Publicizing, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MassAudience ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MediumOfCommunication ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :MassDensity :takesValue :MassDensityMeasure ; :wnsense "density1n" ; :wordnet "density" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MassDensity'' is a property of all macroscopic PhysicalObjects, as long as they have a definable volume and definable mass. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'density' in WordNet; the 'amount' in this case is a mass and the 'size' is a volume: in WordNet: 1. (24) density, denseness - (the amount per unit size) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Density . :MassDensityMeasure :wnsense "density1n" ; :wordnet "density" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of ConstantQuantities indicating a quantity of density (dimensionally equivalent to mass divided by volumee); it is an OrderedPair consisting of a quantifier and an instance of DensityUnit. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'density' in WordNet; the 'amount' in this case is a mass and the 'size' is a volume: in WordNet: 1. (24) density, denseness - (the amount per unit size) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DensityMeasure . :MassDensityUnit a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses ''MassDensity'', which is a ratio of the mass in some volume to the volume. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DensityUnit . :MassMeasure :isaValueOf :Mass ; :ldoce "mass" ; :wnsense "mass1n" ; :wordnet "mass" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to the amount of matter in an Object. Mass is by default considered as relativistic mass (equivalent to energy); if rest mass is intended, that should be specified as 'RestMassMeasure'. This is the usual sense for 'mass' in statements such as 'the proton has a mass of ...' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mass' in WordNet: 1. (109) mass - (the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :MassMeasurement :ldoce "mass" ; :wnsense "mass1n" ; :wordnet "mass" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MassMeasurement' is an OrderedPair generated as the result of a 'Weighing' Action; it is an abstract representation of a MassMeasure. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'mass' in WordNet: 1. (109) mass - (the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measurement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Quantifier ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnitOfMass ] . :MassPerMass a :SoluteSolventUnit . :MassPerVolumeSolution a :SoluteSolventUnit . :MassPerVolumeSolvent a :SoluteSolventUnit . :MassProduction :wnsense "mass production1n", "mass-produce1v" ; :wordnet "mass production", "mass-produce" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MassProduction'' is a ''MakingMultipleCopies'' in very large numbers usually by a process that is largely machine-assisted. A facility that can perform this scale of production is usually called a ''Factory''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mass production' in WordNet: 1. mass production - (the production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques)) WN verb 'mass-produce': 1. mass-produce - (produce on a large scale) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingMultipleCopies, :Manufacturing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "10000"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObject :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ] . :Massacre :guid "c13a7287-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "butchery3n", "carnage1n", "mass murder1n", "massacre1n", "massacre1v", "mow down1v", "slaughter2v", "slaughter3n" ; :wordnet "butchery", "carnage", "mass murder", "massacre", "mow down", "slaughter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of complex, violent events. In each instance of #$Massacre, many people (or animals) are killed. The number of #$victims may range from tens to thousands (or more). In English, 'massacre' has the connotation that the victims are significantly overpowered by the #$perpetrators and that the slaughter occurs without resistance or without a fair fight. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'massacre' in WordNet: 1. (1) massacre, slaughter, mow down - (kill a large number of people indiscriminately; 'The Hutus massacred the Tutsis in Rwanda') WN noun 'massacre': 1. slaughter, massacre, mass murder, carnage, butchery - (the savage and excessive killing of many people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Murder, :ViolentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "5" ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Savage ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cruel ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Massaging :en "massaging" ; :guid "bd58c1bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "massage1v", "massage2v" ; :wordnet "massage" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The collection of events in which someone is massaged. SUMO: A subclass of TherapeuticProcess which involves kneading Muscles in such a way that tension is relieved, blood circulation is increased, etc. Includes transitive and intransitive senses 1 and 2 of vern 'massage' and noun sense 1 of 'massage' in WordNet: 1. (1) massage, rub down, knead - (manually manipulate (someone's body), usually for medicinal or relaxation purposes; 'She rubbed down her child with a sponge') 2. (1) massage - (give a massage to; 'She massaged his sore back') WN noun 'massage': 1. (1) massage - (kneading and rubbing parts of the body to increase circulation and promote relaxation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PleasantThing, :Rubbing, :TherapeuticProcess, :TouchingAnotherPerson . :Masse :wnsense "masse shot1n", "masse1n" ; :wordnet "masse", "masse shot" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'masse' in WordNet: 1. masse, masse shot - (a shot in billiards made by hitting the cue ball with the cue held nearly vertically; the cue ball spins around another ball before hitting the object ball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrokingAtaBall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoolGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BilliardBall ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CueStick ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Massive :isTheOppositeOf :Small ; :wnsense "massive1adj", "monumental3adj" ; :wordnet "massive", "monumental" ; a :AppearanceType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Massive'' is a more intensive subtype of 'large' - of PhysicalObjects or Actions (massive destruction), but when applied to PhysicalObbjects suggests not only being larger than the typical (of that type) but also being heavier and imparting a feeling of being impressed by the size (being 'imposing' in the WN gloss)... Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'massive' in WordNet: 1. (9) massive, monolithic, monumental - (imposing in size or bulk or solidity; 'massive oak doors'; \"Moore's massive sculptures\"; \"the monolithic proportions of Stalinist architecture\"; \"a monumental scale\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VeryLarge . :Mast :guid "be011283-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mast1n" ; :wordnet "mast" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spar'' that is vertically oriented and supports sails In CYC: 'Mast-Device\" The rigid support column on wind-powered transportation devices which support the sails. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mast' in WordNet: 1. (3) mast - (a vertical spar for supporting sails) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :Spar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MainDeck ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sail ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :Master :ldoce "master" ; :wnsense "master1n", "master9n" ; :wordnet "master" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who has a level of knowledge or expertise on some topic beyond the level of an average Expert; someone more knowledgeable than an Expert on a topic. They may or may not have graduated from some educational institution. Includes noun senses 1 and 9 of 'master' in WordNet, but is not necessarily a professional, nor necessarily an artist - - this is only one whose expertise is exceptional. NOTE the usage in chess, where a 'master' is more advanced than an 'expert' - this is similar in meaning. in WordNet: 1. (8) maestro, master - (an artist of consummate skill; 'a master of the violin'; 'one of the old masters') 9. master, professional - (an authority qualified to teach apprentices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ; owl:someValuesFrom :TopicType ] . :MasterOfCeremonies :wnsense "emcee1n", "host4n", "master of ceremonies1n" ; :wordnet "emcee", "host", "master of ceremonies" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MasterOfCeremonies'' is the Person who introduces people (especially speakers and performers) to an audience and at least nominally in charge of managing and controlling the individual Events in some social Event,including small ceremonies and large performances and broadcast entertainment shows. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'master of ceremonies' in WordNet: 1. (1) master of ceremonies, emcee, host - (a person who acts as host at formal occasions (makes an introductory speech and introduces other speakers)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manager, :Speaker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntroducingPeople ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Masterful :wnsense "consummate1adj", "masterful1adj", "masterly1adj", "virtuoso1adj" ; :wordnet "consummate", "masterful", "masterly", "virtuoso" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Masterful' is an AttributeValue of People or Actions that demonstrate a high level of skill in performing some Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'masterful' in Wordnet: 1. consummate, masterful, masterly, virtuoso - (having or revealing supreme mastery or skill; 'a consummate artist'; 'consummate skill'; 'a masterful speaker'; 'masterful technique'; 'a masterly performance of the sonata'; 'a virtuoso performance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Mastermind :wnsense "conceiver1n", "mastermind1n", "originator1n" ; :wordnet "conceiver", "mastermind", "originator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mastermind'' is a Person who first creates a plan for some 'operation' involving two or more people, then directs its execution. 'He was the mastermind behind the operation.' Corresponds to part (for planning an ''Operation''') of noun sense 1 of 'mastermind' in WordNet: 1. originator, conceiver, mastermind - (someone who creates new things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlanForAnOperation ; owl:onProperty :isTheCreatorOf ] . :Masterpiece :wnsense "chef-d'oeuvre1n", "masterpiece1n" ; :wordnet "chef-d'oeuvre", "masterpiece" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Masterpiece'' can be any ''ArtObject'' or ''ConceptualWork'' that exhibits a high level of skill (represented here as ''Expertise''). This type is broader than the WordNet gloss suggests, being not necessarily the unique most outstanding work of a Person, but anything that exhibits a high level of skill. Includes three senses of 'masterpiece' in RHW: 1. a person's greatest piece of work, as in an art. 2. anything done with masterly skill: a masterpiece of improvisation. 3. a consummate example of skill or excellence of any kind: The chef 's cake was a masterpiece. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'masterpiece' in WordNet: 1. (4) masterpiece, chef-d'oeuvre - (the most outstanding work of a creative artist or craftsman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ConceptualWork :ArtObject ) ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expertise ; owl:onProperty :showsEvidenceOf ] . :MastersDegree :guid "bd58c9ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "master" ; :wnsense "master's degree1n" ; :wordnet "master's degree" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Someone with a Master's degree is termed in Wordnet a 'master: sense 8: 8. master - (someone who holds a master's degree from academic institution) But the degree itself is not included in any synset as representing the degree itself (as in 'he has a master in engineering'). in WordNet: 1. (1) master's degree - (an academic degree higher than a bachelor's but lower than a doctor's) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalDegree . :Mastery :en "masterfulness" ; :enn "masterfulness" ; :wnsense "command6n", "control8n", "mastery1n" ; :wordnet "command", "control", "mastery" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mastery'' is a state of a Person who is capable of performing a ''Masterful'' Action, or creates a ''GenericArtifact'' that requires a high level of skill, higher than ''Expertise''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mastery' in WordNet: 1. (4) command, control, mastery - (great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity; 'a good command of French') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expertise, :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Masterful ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expertise ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :Mastiff :guid "bea88f33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mastiff1n" ; :wordnet "mastiff" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''WorkingDog''. CYC: A collection of very large dogs with coats of short hair. Bred in England. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mastiff' in WordNet: 1. mastiff - (an old breed of powerful deep-chested smooth-coated dog used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingDog . :Mastodon :guid "c048a532-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mastodon1n", "mastodont1n" ; :wordnet "mastodon", "mastodont" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :ExtinctAnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ WN parent (not in COSMO): proboscidean, proboscidian - (massive herbivorous mammals having tusks and a long trunk) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mastodon' in WordNet: 1. mastodon, mastodont - (extinct elephant-like mammal that flourished worldwide from Miocene through Pleistocene times; differ from mammoths in the form of the molar teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pachyderm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extinct ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Masturbation :guid "c0100acb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "masturbation1n", "onanism1n" ; :wordnet "masturbation", "onanism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Masturbation'' is getting sexual pleasure by manipulating one's own (or another's) genitals with the hand(s). CYC: This collection involves events of non-copulatory genital stimulation; many instances of this collection are reflexive events, where the #$performedBy and the #$objectActedOn roles are filled by the same participant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'masturbation' in WordNet: 1. masturbation, onanism - (manual stimulation of the genital organs (of yourself or another) for sexual pleasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Autoerotism, :StimulatingSexualArousal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :Mat :isDesignedToCover :Floor ; :ldoce "mat" ; :wnsense "mat1n", "mat3n" ; :wordnet "mat" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object that is a thick textile or soft pad designed to cover floors, but is typically smaller than a Rug or Carpet, and can often be carried in one hand. This includes rug-like small floor mats and exercise mats. The 'mat' of table mats is a different type of object - use 'TableMat'. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'mat' in WordNet: 1. (4) mat - (a thick flat pad used as a floor covering) 3. (1) mat, gym mat - (sports equipment consisting of a piece of thick padding on the floor for gymnastic sports) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloorCovering, :SheetArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Matador :guid "bd5899e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "matador1n" ; :wordnet "matador" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Matador'' is a ''Bullfighter'' whose task is to kill the ''Bull''in the contest.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matador' in WordNet: 1. matador - (the principal bullfighter who is appointed to make the final passes and kill the bull) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, :Bullfighter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bull ; owl:onProperty :canKill ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullfighting ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullfight ; owl:onProperty :wasaContestantInCompetition ] . :MatadorAndBull a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MatadorAndBull'' is a ''GroupOfAnimals'' consisting of one Matador and one Bull. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Matador ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Bull ] . :Match-FireStarter :guid "bd58c7e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "match" ; :wnsense "match1n" ; :wordnet "match" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Can be based on wood or cardboard; the type is specified by the filler of the restriction 'consistsMostlyOfSubstance'. A 'book' of matches will be cardboard; a 'box' of matches will usually be of wood. Every Match-FireStarter has some friction-sensitive combustible material on one end, but that type of material is not yet represented in COSMO. WordNet sense 1 of 'match': in WordNet: 1. (4) match, lucifer, friction match - (lighter consisting of a thin piece of wood or cardboard tipped with combustible chemical; ignites with friction; 'he always carries matches to light his pipe'; 'as long you've a lucifer to light your fag') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombustionDevice, :Device-OneTimeUse, :Device-UserControlled, :DisposableProduct, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CombustibleSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :MatchForFireplace :guid "bf66721a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Fireplace matches are made mostly of Wood." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Match-FireStarter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :MatchSportsEvent :guid "bd58f27f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "match" ; :wnsense "match2n" ; :wordnet "match" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """games where competitors play against each other - typically, only two competitors play each other at a time. Actions are taken by each competitor to achieve a goal and to prevent the other agent from obtaining the goal. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'match' in WordNet: 2. (1) match - (a formal contest in which two or more persons or teams compete) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competition, :SportsEvent . :Matched :isAnAttributeValueOf :PairOfBoots ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Matching ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MatchingAction ; :wnsense "co-ordinated1adj", "coordinated3adj", "matched2adj", "matching2adj" ; :wordnet "co-ordinated", "coordinated", "matched", "matching" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type ''Matched'' is a specific sense of having properties that are very similar in most respects, so that they perform some function better than a similar number of objects without this quality. This is for ArtifactObjects that have been created or chosen to be very similar in quality, so that they have experienced a ''MatchingAction'' and are in the state of ''Matching''. This is mostly used for things that have a closely similar appearance. This is the property that one expects to observe when one buys a ''PairOfShoes'' or a ''PairOfGloves''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'matched' in Wordnet: 2. matched - (going well together; possessing harmonizing qualities) WN adj : 'matching': 2. (1) coordinated, co-ordinated, matching - (intentionally matched; 'curtains and walls were color coordinated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :SimilarLooking . :Matching :ldoce "match" ; :wnsense "correspond1v", "fit6v", "gibe1v", "jibe1v", "match1v", "match9v", "tally1v" ; :wordnet "correspond", "fit", "gibe", "jibe", "match", "tally" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Matching'' is a ''PersistentState'' (a ''Quality'') Performed by a Group of two or more items that have attributes that allow them to 'fit' together, that is to not clash or be dissonant in some respect. This is vague and evaluative, and may depend on individual tastes. For a more interactive state of 'matching' use the subtype ''GoingWellTogether''. Includes verb senses 1 and 9 of 'match' in WordNet: 1. (17) match, fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe, tally, agree - (be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics; 'The two stories don't agree in many details'; 'The handwriting checks with the signature on the check'; 'The suspect's fingerprints don't match those on the gun') 9. match - (be equal or harmonize; 'The two pieces match') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Similar ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :SimilarityGroup ] . :MatchingAction :guid "bef5446c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "match" ; :wnsense "match5v" ; :wordnet "match" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a 'MatchingAction' is an Action in which two or more items are compared with respect to certain Attributes, for the purpose of identifying when the similarities are sufficient to declare that they 'match' each other in that respect. This is an action taken by a 'IntentionalAgent', and the Cyc notion of matching, which includes DNA strand matching, is broader than this type. The resulting objects are particiants in a ''Similarity'' Event. ??How to relate these? If they are judged identical in those attributes, then they are considered as 'Matching' ; i.e. the Group that is being compared have the attribute 'Matching', and the attribute that matches needs to be specified. See relation 'areAlikeWRT' In Cyc the broader concept is called 'MatchingOfTwo' In events of this type, 2 matching objects (of an unspecified kind) are 'paired together'. It is assumed that matching objects are so by virtue of physical or geometrical structure. Examples: the #$DNAStrands in a DNA molecule are matched together in the course of #$Replication-DNA. The closest Wordnet sense is verb sense 5 of 'match', but that is only part of the intended sense of this type: in WordNet: 5. (3) match, fit - (make correspond or harmonize; 'Match my sweater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comparing . :Matchless :isMoreIntenseThan :Good ; :wnsense "matchless1adj", "nonpareil1adj", "one and only1adj", "one7adj", "peerless1adj", "unmatchable1adj", "unmatched2adj", "unrivaled1adj", "unrivalled1adj" ; :wordnet "matchless", "nonpareil", "one", "one and only", "peerless", "unmatchable", "unmatched", "unrivaled", "unrivalled" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Matchless'' is an AttributeValue that expresses the notion that there is nothing better. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'matchless' in Wordnet: 1. matchless, nonpareil, one, one and only, peerless, unmatched, unmatchable, unrivaled, unrivalled - (eminent beyond or above comparison; 'matchless beauty'; 'the team's nonpareil center fielder'; 'she's one girl in a million'; 'the one and only Muhammad Ali'; 'a peerless scholar'; 'infamy unmatched in the Western world'; 'wrote with unmatchable clarity'; 'unrivaled mastery of her art') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Superlative . :Matchup :wnsense "match-up1n", "matchup1n" ; :wordnet "match-up", "matchup" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Matchup'' is a ''Pairing'' Action in which the subgroup Needs more elaboration to express the purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matchup' in WordNet: 1. match-up, matchup - (the pairing of people or things as for comparison or competition; 'it was a good match-up but the home team won'; 'we need a matchup of the best teachers with the neediest schools') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pairing . :MaterialHandling :guid "bd58a4d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is *intentional* action by an IntentionalAgent the parent ''ActingOnSomething'' can include 'actions' by natural forces. CYC: A specialization of #$ActionOnObject: the collection of all actions in which some sort of material (solid, liquid, or gas) is handled or moved around. This includes actions done with the use of tools or machinery (such as shovels, dump trucks, or cranes), and is therefore not restricted to the kind of handling that is done with one's hands (cf. #$HandlingAnObject) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, :ControllingSomething, :PurposefulAction . :MaterialTransporter :guid "cb2f4306-aa78-41d8-9d71-a4edbed54682" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$DeviceTypeByFunction. Each instance of #$MaterialTransporter is a #$TransportationDevice whose #$primaryFunction is to move a #$LiquidTangibleThing (e.g. a large amount of #$Oil) or a #$Group of #$InanimateThings (e.g. a (#$MobFn #$LogOfWood)) from one place to another. Specializations include #$GarbageTruck, #$Barge, and #$Wheelbarrow. Note that many #$MaterialTransporters 'can' be used to transport people or animals; but this is not their primary function. #$WreckerTruck is not a specialization of #$MaterialTransporter, since the #$primaryFunction of a #$WreckerTruck is to tow a single #$RoadVehicle (not a #$Mob of them). Two borderline cases are #$PickupTruck and #$Forklift.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :TransportationDevice . :Materialization :wnsense "materialisation3n", "materialization3n", "offspring2n" ; :wordnet "materialisation", "materialization", "offspring" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Materialization'' is any ''Object'' or State (Abstract or Physical) that begins to exist as a result of (isProducedBy) some Event. The thing this is referenced as a ''Result' and that (Object or State) is the meaning of this ''Materialization'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'materialization' in WordNet: 2. (1) offspring, materialization, materialisation - (something that comes into existence as a result; 'industrialism prepared the way for acceptance of the French Revolution's various socialistic offspring'; 'this skyscraper is the solid materialization of his efforts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Materializing :wnsense "happen4v", "materialise1v", "materialize1v" ; :wordnet "happen", "materialise", "materialize" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Materializing'' Event is an ''Arising'' that does not come from some developing' process or as the result of some planned or anticipated process. It is ''Unexpected'' and ''Unplanned''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'materialize' in WordNet: 1. (3) happen, materialize, materialise - (come into being; become reality; 'Her dream really materialized') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unexpected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unplanned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Materials :en "materials" ; :ennp "material", "materials" ; :ldoce "material" ; :wnsense "material3n" ; :wordnet "material" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of one or more PhysicalObjects that are needed or useful for some task, e.g. 'teaching materials'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'material' in WordNet: 3. (66) material - (things needed for doing or making something; 'writing materials'; 'useful teaching materials') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aid, :ObjectGroup . :Mathematical :pertainsTo :MathematicalOrComputationalThing, :MathematicalProcedure, :Mathematics ; :wnsense "mathematical1adj" ; :wordnet "mathematical" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mathematical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Mathematics'' and actions and objects involved in ''MathematicalProcedure''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mathematical' in Wordnet: 1. (4) mathematical - (of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics; 'a mathematical textbook'; 'slide rules and other mathematical instruments'; 'a mathematical solution to a problem'; 'mathematical proof') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MathematicalExpression :wnsense "expression6n", "formula1n" ; :wordnet "expression", "formula" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MathematicalExpression' is a combination of one or more MathematicalObjects, which can be numbers, variables, or anything else that may occur in one or another side of an Equation. This a simple number such as '3', or a variable, such as 'x', or a product such as 'x*y' (where '*' represents multiplictaion), or anything else that may occur in any form or any combination in an Equation. NOTE that a ''MathematicalExpression'' is a ''MathematicalObject'', and therefore can have other ''MathematicalExpression''s as component(s). Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'expression' in WordNet: 6. (4) formula, expression - (a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputationalObject, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MathematicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MathematicalFormula :en "mathematical formula" ; :enn "mathematical formula" ; :wnsense "formula7n", "rule11n" ; :wordnet "formula", "rule" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MathematicalFormula'' is a ''MathematicalProcedure'' (a rule) that specifies how to solve a mathematical problem or to perform a certain type of computation. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'formula' in WordNet: 7. rule, formula - ((mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; 'he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs'; 'he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalProcedure . :MathematicalFunction :wnsense "mathematical function1n" ; :wordnet "mathematical function" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematical function' in WordNet: 1. function, mathematical function - (a mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalRelation . :MathematicalMapping :wnsense "correspondence4n", "map2n", "mapping1n" ; :wordnet "correspondence", "map", "mapping" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''MathematicalMapping'' includes the relation of concepts or terms to each other, such as is represened in this ontology by the presence of multiple labels for some owl:Classes, so that the co-occurrence of terms on a synonym list can be considered as a mapping of 'synonymy' between any two entries in that group of terms, or of any term and the entry term ('ID'). Likewise, a relation of correspondence between an entry in one ontology to an entry in another ontology can be considered as a ''MathematicalMapping'' if the two ontologies are consistent with each other. However to be strictly mathematically or logically precise the two ontologies with such a mapping between them can differ only with respect to 'conservative' definitions in which a subtype is created using a combination of existing elements and can be considered as a restatement of relations already existing by implication in the ontology. This type does not require that degree of logical precision. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mapping' in WordNet: 1. mapping, map, correspondence - (a function such that for every element of one set there is a unique element of another set) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalFunction . :MathematicalNotation :wnsense "mathematical notation1n" ; :wordnet "mathematical notation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MathematicalNotation'' is a .''NotationalSystem'' that is used in writing mathematics, especially mathematical equations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematical notation' in WordNet: 1. mathematical notation - (a notation used by mathematicians) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotationalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :MathematicalSymbol ] . :MathematicalObject :guid "bf461f37-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$MathematicalThing and #$IntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$MathematicalObject is a purely abstract mathematical thing which is also an individual (see #$Individual). Specializations of #$MathematicalObject include #$Quantifier, #$RealNumber, #$Triangle, and #$TruthValue. Note that instances of #$SetOrCollection are not instances of #$MathematicalObject, since they are not instances of #$Individual.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :MathematicalThing ; owl:disjointWith :PhysicalObject . :MathematicalOrComputationalThing :en "mathematical thing" ; :enn "mathematical thing" ; :guid "bd58e31f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Intangible things that are intrinsically mathematical (see #$MathematicalThing) or computational (see #$ComputationalObject). Instances of #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing are abstract in the very strong sense of being nonspatial, atemporal, and massless. Examples include numbers, sets, collections, relations, algorithms, and abstract character strings. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEntity . :MathematicalProcedure :wnsense "mathematical operation1n", "mathematical process1n", "operation9n" ; :wordnet "mathematical operation", "mathematical process", "operation" ; a :EventType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MathematicalProcedure'' is any procedure that involves performing operations on mathematical objects, whether numerical or by any other procedure considered as part of 'mathematics', and whether executed by a Person or machine or computer. This type of procedure can be executed in many different ways, such as doing arithmetic operations in the head (see ''DoingMath'') The WN synset including ''mathematical operation' is interpreted here as the procedure, not the execution of a procedure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematical operation' in WordNet: 1. mathematical process, mathematical operation, operation - ((mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods; 'the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation'; 'they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProblemSolvingProcedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DoingMath ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :MathematicalQuantity :wnsense "quantity3n" ; :wordnet "quantity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MathematicalQuantity''is a ''Quantity'' used in mathematical theories or calculations. It can be ''Variable'' or ''Constant'' of even more abstract. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'quantity' in WordNet: 3. quantity - (something that has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalObject, :Quantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DoingMath ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :MathematicalRelation :wnsense "mathematical relation1n" ; :wordnet "mathematical relation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematical relation' in WordNet: 1. mathematical relation - (a relation between mathematical expressions (such as equality or inequality)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :MathematicalRepresentation :en "mathematical model" ; :enn "mathematical model" ; :ldoce "model" ; :wnsense "model1n" ; :wordnet "model" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MathematicalRepresentation' is a Group of one or more Equations that is intended to represent the structure or behavior of some situation or phenomenon, physical or abstract. This is the type that can be used to represent some mathematical model of a physical phenomenon, such as Maxwell's equations for the propagation of electromagnetic radiation, an equation describing the time course of a chemical reaction, or some set of equations representing an economic phenomenon. NOTE that a graphical representation of something can also serve as a 'model', but this type is for sets of equations only, not for other mathematical models. NOTE that a 'LawOfnature' or its detailed description as a 'QuantitativeTendency' can be related to instances of this Type by the relation 'isDescribedByMathematicalRepresentation'. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'model' in WordNet; this is for the abstract set of equations representing something, not for any physical object that serves as a representation. in WordNet: 1. (22) model, theoretical account, framework - (a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process; 'the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputationalObject, :Group, :TheoreticalModel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Equation ] . :MathematicalSign :wnsense "sign11n" ; :wordnet "sign" ; a :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MathematicalSign'' is one of several ''MathematicalSymbol''s used in mathematical equations, including the plus, minus, and equals signs. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'sign' in WordNet: 11. sign - (a character indicating a relation between quantities; 'don't forget the minus sign') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalSymbol . :MathematicalSymbol a :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MathematicalSymbol'' is an''AbstractCharacter'' that represents any one of many symbols used in ''MathematicalNotation'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractCharacter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MathematicalNotation ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :MathematicalThing :guid "bd58e5b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing. Each instance of #$MathematicalThing is an atemporal, nonspatial, purely mathematical thing. #$MathematicalThing is partitioned into two main specializations, #$MathematicalObject and #$SetOrCollection (qq.v) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalOrComputationalThing . :Mathematician :guid "bd5901d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mathematician1n" ; :wordnet "mathematician" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Scientist engaged in the study, development and understanding of Mathematics and its applications. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematician' in WordNet: 1. mathematician - (a person skilled in mathematics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mathematics ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Mathematics :wnsense "math1n", "mathematics1n", "maths1n" ; :wordnet "math", "mathematics", "maths" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mathematics'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' that concerns itself with AbstractObjects (such as numbers and geometrical figures) and the relations between them, iluding quantitative relations and the operations that can be used to transform objects into other type of objects.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematics' in WordNet: 1. (5) mathematics, math, maths - (a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Methodology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Statistics ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasBranch ; owl:someValuesFrom :Arithmetic ] . :MathematicsDepartment :guid "bd588d5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "department of mathematics1n", "mathematics department1n" ; :wordnet "department of mathematics", "mathematics department" ; a :DepartmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AcademicDepartment, instances of which conduct teaching and research in #$Mathematics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mathematics department' in WordNet: 1. mathematics department, department of mathematics - (the academic department responsible for teaching and research in mathematics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcademicDepartment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mathematics ; owl:onProperty :teaches ] . :Matriarch :wnsense "materfamilias1n", "matriarch1n" ; :wordnet "materfamilias", "matriarch" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: ''Matriarch'' can be used informally to characterize the oldest woman member of an extended family, whether or not she exercises any authority outside her immediate family. The RHW sense 3 of 'matriarch' captures this: RHW 'matriarch': 3. a venerable old woman. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matriarch' in WordNet: 1. (1) matriarch, materfamilias - (a female head of a family or tribe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Woman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matriarchal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Tribe :Family-Human :GroupType ) ] ] . :Matriarchal :pertainsTo :Matriarch, :Matriarchy ; :wnsense "matriarchal1adj" ; :wordnet "matriarchal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'matriarchal' in Wordnet: 1. matriarchal - (characteristic of a matriarchy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Matriarchy :wnsense "matriarchate1n", "matriarchy1n" ; :wordnet "matriarchate", "matriarchy" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matriarchy' in WordNet: 1. matriarchy, matriarchate - (a form of social organization in which a female is the family head and title is traced through the female line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matriarchal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Matrix :wnsense "matrix1n" ; :wordnet "matrix" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mathematical Matrix, with rows and columns. More detail is left to a specialized Math ontology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matrix' in Wordnet: 1. (1) matrix - (a rectangular array of elements (or entries) set out by rows and columns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComplexQuantifier . :MatronOfHonor :wnsense "matron of honor1n" ; :wordnet "matron of honor" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''MatronOfHonor'' is a married woman who also serves, as does the ''MaidOfHonor'', as the principle attendant for the Bride at a WeddingCeremony. RHW 'matron of honor': a married woman acting as the principal attendant of the bride at a wedding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matron of honor' in WordNet: 1. matron of honor - (a married woman serving as the attendant to the bride at a wedding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bridesmaid . :Matted :isAnAttributeValueOf :Hair ; :wnsense "matted1adj" ; :wordnet "matted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Matted'' is the Attribute of a ''Tangle'' that is more densely intertwined than a mildly ''Tangled' group of ''CordlikeObject''s. Used,among other things, for Hair, especially when the ''Hair'' has become wet and clings in a flat mass to the head. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'matted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) matted - (tangled in a dense mass; 'tried to push through the matted undergrowth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tangled . :Matter :ldoce "matter" ; :wnsense "matter1n" ; :wordnet "matter" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In COSMO, this is a substance, not an object. 'Matter' is a PhysicalSubstance that has rest mass (i.e. any quantity of Matter has rest mass). This excludes electromagnetic waves, which is included in 'PhysicalSubstance' but do not have rest mass. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'matter' in WordNet: 1. (41) substance, matter - (that which has mass and occupies space; 'an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :MatterForConsideration :wnsense "issue4n", "matter3n", "subject2n", "topic2n" ; :wordnet "issue", "matter", "subject", "topic" ; a :GroupType, :MentalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MatterForConsideration'' is the vague general concept of a ''Topic'' (a type of ''MentalObject'') that differs from the generic ''Topic''in that it includes at least one ''Question-IBT''. When a ''MatterForConsideration'' includes a ''ProblemToBeSolved'' for which obtaining an answer is important to some ''IntelligenAgent''(s), that ''MatterForConsideration'' is represented by the subtype ''Issue'' . Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'matter' in WordNet: 3. (32) topic, subject, issue, matter - (some situation or event that is thought about; \"he kept drifting off the topic\"; \"he had been thinking about the subject for several years\"; \"it is a matter for the police\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :TopicOfInterest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Question-IBT ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Mattress :guid "bd58afb9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mattress1n" ; :wordnet "mattress" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The part of a bed that a person rests on. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mattress' in WordNet: 1. mattress - (a large thick pad filled with resilient material and often incorporating coiled springs, used as a bed or part of a bed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cushion, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanBody ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bed ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bed ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spongy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Mature :isTheOppositeOf :Immature ; :wnsense "mature2adj", "mature3adj", "mature4adj", "mature5adj" ; :wordnet "mature" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Mature' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of things (usually organisms) that have developed to a point where they are ready for some purpose - in the case of organisms, the purpose is reproduction. For humans, there is also a sense of emotional maturity that occurs after sexual maturity. So 'Mature' may be interpreted relative to some purpose or context. This is the most general sense of ';mature', and includes wines that have aged sufficiently, plans that are developed by individuals or groups, as well as organizsms or (as with fruit) parts of organisms. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of 'mature' in RHW; 1. complete in natural growth or development, as plant and animal forms: a mature rose bush. 2. ripe, as fruit, or fully aged, as cheese or wine. 3. fully developed in body or mind, as a person: a mature woman. 4. pertaining to or characteristic of full development: a mature appearance; fruit with a mature softness. 5. completed, perfected, or elaborated in full by the mind: mature plans. Includes adjective senses 2,3, 4, and 5 of 'mature' in WordNet: 2. (4) mature, matured - - (fully considered and perfected; 'mature plans') 3. (1) mature - - (having reached full natural growth or development; 'a mature cell') 4. ripe, mature - - (fully developed or matured and ready to be eaten or used; 'ripe peaches'; 'full-bodied mature wines') 5. fledged, mature - - ((of birds) having developed feathers or plumage; often used in combination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Maturing :en "maturing" ; :wnsense "maturation1n", "mature1v" ; :wordnet "maturation", "mature" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Biological process in which an organism progresses toward maturity. Includes verb sense 1 of 'mature' and noun sense 1 of 'maturation' in WordNet: 1. (5) mature, maturate, grow - (develop and reach maturity; undergo maturation; 'He matured fast'; 'The child grew fast') WN noun 'maturation': 1. (2) maturation, ripening, maturement - (coming to full development; becoming mature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mature ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organism :OrganismType ) ] ] . :Maturity :wnsense "matureness1n", "maturity1n" ; :wordnet "matureness", "maturity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Maturity'' is the state that an Organism that has reached its final stage of development (in people called ''AdultStage'') Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'maturity' in WordNet: 2. (11) maturity, matureness - (state of being mature; full development) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mature ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdultStage ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :Matzoh :wnsense "matzah1n", "matzo1n", "matzoh1n", "unleavened bread1n" ; :wordnet "matzah", "matzo", "matzoh", "unleavened bread" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''''Matzoh'' is a thin slice of unleavened ''Bread'' (a 'BreadObject'') prepared according to Kosher dietary criteria, and used especially during certain Jewish events, such as 'Passover'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matzoh' in WordNet: 1. matzo, matzoh, matzah, unleavened bread - (brittle flat bread eaten at Passover) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreadObject, :KosherFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seasonal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Maui :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy :PacificOcean ; :wnsense "Maui Island1n", "Maui1n" ; :wordnet "Maui", "Maui Island" ; a :Island ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Maui' in WordNet: 1. Maui, Maui Island - (the second largest of the Hawaiian Islands) """ . :Mauritania :wnsense "Malawi1n" ; :wordnet "Malawi" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Malawi' in WordNet: 1. Malawi, Republic of Malawi, Nyasaland - (a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964) """ . :Mauritius :wnsense "Malawi1n" ; :wordnet "Malawi" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Malawi' in WordNet: 1. Malawi, Republic of Malawi, Nyasaland - (a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964) """ . :Mausoleum :wnsense "mausoleum1n" ; :wordnet "mausoleum" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A stately and magnificent tomb. The word is taken from the magnificent tomb erected at Halicarnassus in Asia Minor arounf 350(?) B.C., which was one of the Seven WOnders of the Ancient World. In COSMO usage it is an above-ground structure large enough for people to enter, i.e. a building. It does not have to be magnificent, but it should be ''Impressive''. There should be a Coffin of some kind inside the Mausoleum, so that a Person can be in the building and not see a bare corpse. Examples that *are* magnificent are the Gur Emir Mausoleum in Samarkand and the Taj Mahal in Agra. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mausoleum' in Wordnet: 1. (1) mausoleum - (a large burial chamber, usually above ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :Tomb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanCorpse ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeadPerson ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coffin ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GraveSite ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impressive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Maxilla :guid "bfd5dcb1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Jaw, :Skull ; :wnsense "maxilla1n", "maxillary1n", "upper jaw1n", "upper jawbone1n" ; :wordnet "maxilla", "maxillary", "upper jaw", "upper jawbone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maxilla' in WordNet: 1. upper jaw, upper jawbone, maxilla, maxillary - (the jaw in vertebrates that is fused to the cranium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skull ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jaw ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :MaximizingSomething :wnsense "maximise2v", "maximize1v" ; :wordnet "maximise", "maximize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'maximize' in WordNet: 1. (2) maximize, maximise - (make as big or large as possible; 'Maximize your profits!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnIncrease . :Maximum :en "highest" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalAttribute ; :wnsense "maximum1adj" ; :wordnet "maximum" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Maximum'' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and is applied to values of ''PhysicalAttribute''s that are ordered in some way, such as temperature, IQ, speed, hardness, age. This attribute implies some average or most common value relative to which the property is greatest. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maximum' in WordNet: 1. (38) maximal, maximum - (the greatest or most complete or best possible; 'maximal expansion'; 'maximum pressure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighValued, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute . :MaximumAge a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MaximumAge'' is an 'AgeInYears''; an age above that may be a property.that some type cannot have if this property is asserted. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgeInYears . :MaximumAge17 :hasAttributeValue :SeventeenYears ; :hasMaximumValue "17.0"^^xsd:float ; a :MaximumAge ; rdfs:comment """The ''MaximumAge'' for a ''MinorChild''' in most jurisdictions, but not all. Context sensitive. """ . :MaximumAge7 :hasAttributeValue :SevenYears ; :hasMaximumValue "7.0"^^xsd:float ; a :MaximumAge ; rdfs:comment """The ''MaximumAge'' for a ''Preschooler'' in most contexts. """ . :MaximumValue a :AbstractText, owl:Thing . :May :guid "bd58c232-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "May" ; :wnsense "May1n" ; :wordnet "May" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are May. Month is a subtype of 'RecurringTimeInterval' CYC: A specialization of #$CalendarMonth. Each instance of #$May is the fifth month of a particular year in the #$GregorianCalendar (q.v.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'May' in WordNet: 1. (30) May - (the month following April and preceding June) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Mayonnaise :guid "c1008a52-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :VegetableOil ; :isDerivedFrom :HensEgg ; :wnsense "mayo1n", "mayonnaise1n" ; :wordnet "mayo", "mayonnaise" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mayonnaise' in WordNet: 1. (1) mayonnaise, mayo - (egg yolks and oil and vinegar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spread, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HensEgg ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Mayor :guid "c10af3af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "city manager1n", "mayor1n" ; :wordnet "city manager", "mayor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: city leader. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mayor' in WordNet: 1. (9) mayor, city manager - (the head of a city government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityOfficial, :ElectedOfficial, :PolicyMaker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :City ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :Mayotte a :Country . :Maze :wnsense "labyrinth1n", "maze1n" ; :wordnet "labyrinth", "maze" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a generic ''Maze'' that includes structures with tunnels, paths between hedges in a Garden, and images of connected lines printed on a piece of paper with paths from the center to the outside of the image. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'maze' in WordNet: 1. (2) maze, labyrinth - (complex system of paths or tunnels in which it is easy to get lost) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Puzzle-Generic, :SolidObject, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemToBeSolved ] . :McDonalds a :RetailStore-ParentCompany . :McGregorsFarm a :FarmBusiness . :Meadow :en "meadowland" ; :guid "c0fcef9e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hayfield1n", "meadow1n" ; :wordnet "hayfield", "meadow" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Meadow''is a ''Grassland'' where some 'grasses' are grown to be processed into hay. CYC: a wild grassy area RHW: 1. a tract of grassland used for pasture or serving as a hayfield. RHW 'meadowland': an area or section of land that is a meadow or is used or kept as a meadow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meadow' in WordNet: 1. (6) hayfield, meadow - (a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Field, :Grassland . :Meager :isTheOppositeOf :Abundant, :Enough, :MoreThanEnough ; :wnsense "meager1adj", "meagerly1adj", "meagre1adj", "scrimpy1adj", "stingy2adj" ; :wordnet "meager", "meagerly", "meagre", "scrimpy", "stingy" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Meager'' may be 'barely sufficient' but not 'inadequate' for one purpse, while being insufficient for some related, more demanding purpose, therfore being ''Unsatisfactory'' to the Agent who wants the ''Meager'' thing. Vaguely related to ''Dficient'' and ''Insufficient''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'meager' in Wordnet: 1. (4) meager, meagre, meagerly, stingy, scrimpy - (deficient in amount or quality or extent; \"meager resources\"; \"meager fare\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deficient, :SufficiencyValue, :Unsatisfactory . :Meagerly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Meager ; :isTheOppositeOf :Richly ; :wnsense "meagerly1adv", "meagrely1adv", "slenderly2adv", "sparingly1adv" ; :wordnet "meagerly", "meagrely", "slenderly", "sparingly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Meagerly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'meagerly' in Wordnet: 1. meagerly, sparingly, slenderly, meagrely - (to a meager degree or in a meager manner; 'these voices are meagerly represented at the conference'; 'the area is slenderly endowed with natural resources') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbialModifier . :Meal :guid "bd58a10b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "meal" ; :wnsense "meal1n" ; :wordnet "meal" ; a :FoodType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'Meal' is interpreted as the sum of the food items that is eaten as a single Event. This is therefore a Role that the food plays. A ''Meal'' is considered as one of the main eating events of a day, typically no more than three (See breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper). In cotrast a 'Snack' is not considered a 'meal' and can be in very small portions, and eaten many times a day. For the actual event of eating some meal, use 'EatingEvent' or It subtypes 'EatingaMeal'' or 'Dining'. For 'meal' the coarsely ground plant material used as a food ingredient, use ''Meal Cyc: The foods and drinks that make up the group of things consumed when a person or group of people eat a meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meal' in WordNet: 1. (20) meal, repast - (the food served and eaten at one time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food-ReadyToEat, :Role . :MealIsReady a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'MealIsReady' is a 'ProcessStage' that is the last stage (i.e. the ''FinalState'') of a 'CookingFood' Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinalState, :FoodIsReady, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CookingFood ] . :MealTime :en "meal time" ; :wnsense "mealtime1n" ; :wordnet "mealtime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MealTime'' is the time interval at which a meal is taken,or customarily taken. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mealtime' in WordNet: 1. mealtime - (the hour at which a meal is habitually or customarily eaten) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay . :Mean :ldoce "mean" ; :wnsense "mean1adj" ; :wordnet "mean" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Mean-spirited, tending to be malicious to other people. This corresponds to senses 2 and 3 of 'mean' in WordNet: 2. (6) hateful, mean - (characterized by malice; 'a hateful thing to do'; 'in a mean mood') 3. (3) base, mean, meanspirited - (having or showing an ignoble lack of honor or morality; 'that liberal obedience without which your army would be a base rabble'- Edmund Burke; 'taking a mean advantage'; 'chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort'- Shakespeare; 'something essentially vulgar and meanspirited in politics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadlyBehaved . :Meaning :ldoce "meaning" ; :wnsense "meaning1n" ; :wordnet "meaning" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Meaning' is the set of Propositions which form the logical content of what a speaker intended to convey in some Communication or Text. The restriction requires that the communication be specified; this type represents the content of the communication. The meaning of 'meaning' is a subject of much debate. For this purpose, this type assumes that there is a set of logical propositions in the speakers mind that the speaker intends to represent in a communication; that set of Propositions is what is represented by this type. Where 'meaning' is expected to include some procedural representation of actions, it will be necessary to at least have available functions that can perform either calculations on a virtual reality module, or actual sensor and effector actions in the real world. That is beyond the OWL representation. Here a 'meaning' is some form of logical representation, which may or may not include procedural calls. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'meaning' in WordNet: 1. (48) meaning, significance, signification, import - (the message that is intended or expressed or signified; 'what is the meaning of this sentence'; 'the significance of a red traffic light'; 'the signification of Chinese characters'; 'the import of his announcement was ambiguous') 'What is the meaning of this proverb?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Communication :TextualMaterial :AbstractText ) ] ] . :Meaningful :isTheOppositeOf :Nonsensical ; :wnsense "meaningful1adj" ; :wordnet "meaningful" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute of linguistic or logical assertions that asserts that the assertion evaluated is coherent,and has some meaningful interpretation, that is not obviously contradicted by reliable observation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'meaningful' in WordNet: 1. (8) meaningful - (having a meaning or purpose; 'a meaningful explanation'; 'a meaningful discussion'; 'a meaningful pause') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Salient . :Means :ldoce "means" ; :wnsense "means2n" ; :wordnet "means" ; a :ResourceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Means'' is the generic ''Resource'' that enables a ''IntelligentAgent'' to perform some ''PurposefulAction''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'means' in WordNet: 2. (11) means - (an instrumentality for accomplishing some end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :PurposefulAction ] . :Meantime :wnsense "interim1n", "lag2n", "meantime1n", "meanwhile1n" ; :wordnet "interim", "lag", "meantime", "meanwhile" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'The 'Meantime'' is a TimeInterval between one Event and another Event during which some other Event happens (or doesn't) fill-in temp alternative acting temporary stand-in replacement Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meantime' in WordNet: 1. interim, meantime, meanwhile, lag - (the time between one event, process, or period and another; 'meanwhile the socialists are running the government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :RelativeTime, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :PairOfEvents ] . :Measles :guid "c0fd490e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "measles1n", "morbilli1n", "rubeola1n" ; :wordnet "measles", "morbilli", "rubeola" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A highly contagious childhood disease characterized by red spots on the skin. One attack confers lifelong immunity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'measles' in WordNet: 1. measles, rubeola, morbilli - (an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContagiousDisease, :ViralInfection . :Measles-Virus :en "measles virus" ; :guid "b76bbef2-b611-11d7-93f1-0002b3a84f94" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The specialization of #$Virus that causes #$Measles in #$HomoSapiens.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathogenicVirus . :Measurable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Measuring ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Measuring ; :isTheOppositeOf :Invisible ; :wnsense "measurable1adj", "mensurable1adj" ; :wordnet "measurable", "mensurable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Measurable'' is an AttributeValue of a some AttributeType (Length, Mass) that can be assiged a quantitative value by a ''Measuring'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'measurable' in WordNet: 1. (4) measurable, mensurable - (capable of being measured; 'measurable depths') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceivable . :MeasurableQuantity :guid "afed8d1a-9eec-41d8-9da0-be55cb160c1a" ; :ldoce "amount", "measure", "quantity" ; :wnsense "amount3n", "measure3n", "quantity1n" ; :wordnet "amount", "measure", "quantity" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: A MeasurableQuantity is some attribute of which a number (or other quantifier) is a part, and also has a unit of measure. This is disjoint from pure numbers. Cyc: A specialization of #$Quantity (q.v.). This is the collection of quantities that have a numeric component and could actually be used to measure something, as opposed to (say) merely ranking it on a scale. Arithmetic operations (such as addition and multiplication) can be performed on measurable quantities, as they can on purely numeric scalars (see #$NumericInterval). Specializations of #$MeasurableQuantity include #$Distance, #$Temperature, #$Mass, and #$Time-Quantity. Other, broader specializations are #$OneDimensionalQuantity, #$TwoDimensionalQuantity, and #$ThreeDimensionalQuantity. Any quantity (that at least in principle could be) returned by a #$UnitOfMeasure (q.v.) function is a measurable quantity. In CycL, particular measurable quantities are usually represented as the result of applying a unit-of-measure function to a real number or pair of reals. For example, (#$Meter 5) is the distance 5 meters. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'measure', sense 3 of 'amount' and sense 1 of 'quantity' in WordNet: 3. (7) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :Quantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Measurement ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :MeasurableQuantityType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """MeasurableQuantityType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for MeasurableQuantities, whether abstract or physical, and an argument restriction for various relations on MeasurableQuantity types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType . :MeasurableTimeInterval :BFO "TemporalInterval" ; :en "measurable time interval" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MeasurableTimeInterval'' is added to align with BFO 'TemporalInterval'. The BFO 'TemporalInterval' is intended to be disjoint with a time point, so this is added to allow that disjointness to be expressed and still allow COSMO ''TimePoint'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval ; owl:disjointWith :TimePoint . :MeasureType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """MeasureType is a metatype which is a specialization of rdfs:Class that can serve as type for measures and an argument restriction for relations concerning types of measure (Length, Temperature, Color). An instance of 'MeasureType' may be, in addition to a subtype of QuantitativeAttributeValue, a subtype of 'DimensionlessRatio'. MeasureType instances may be either AttributeTypes or AttributeValues. It may be better to distinguish the two, but as of v. 0.46, the same metaclass is used for the two different aspects of quantitative attributes. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType, :InheritableType . :Measured :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Measuring ; :wnsense "measured1adj" ; :wordnet "measured" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'measured' in Wordnet: 1. (10) measured - (determined by measurement; 'the measured distance was less than a mile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :MeasuredQuantity :ldoce "measure" ; :wnsense "measure3n" ; :wordnet "measure" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of a 'MeasuredQuantity' is the value of a MeasurableQuantity that has been determined by a 'measuring' action. Diff from ''Measurement''?? Each 'MeasuredQuantity' is part of the information represented by a 'MeasurementResult', which may include other information related to the measuring process or context. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'measure', sense 3 of 'amount' and sense 1 of 'quantity' in WordNet: 3. (7) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, :QuantitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Measurement ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Measuring ; owl:onProperty :isAssessedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MeasurementResult ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :Measurement :ldoce "measure" ; :wnsense "measure3n" ; :wordnet "measure" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Measurement is an OrderedPair generated as the result of a ''Measuring'' Event. It is an abstract representation of a MeasurableQuantity. Each instance of Measurement is an OrderedPair in which the first element is a UnitOfMeasure or other Quantifiable AttributeValue, and the second element is a quantity expressing some kind of magnitude associated with that UnitOfMeasure. The magnitude will typically be a number indicating, for example, how many individuals have that attribute, or a percentage indicating what fraction of a group have that Attribute. A Prevalence will typically be one element of a Distribution. @ToDo: this type represents the number that is a Measurement, and therefore any two Measurements that represent the same number are identical. Another sense of 'measurement' is the Result of a 'Measuring' action. This result consists not only of the Measurement number itself, but also the fact that the number obtained pertains to a certain thing measured; this result is represented in COSMO as a 'MeasurementResult' which is a LinguisticAssertion asserting that the Measurement pertains to some entity. NOTE that a Measurement does not have to use actual numbers in the 'Quantifier' field - a Measurement may be approximate, using quantities like 'High', 'Low', etc. qualifying an AttributeValue, but it does have to modify a unit of measure. This sense seems close to the intended meaning of WN 'measure' noun sense 3: 3. (7) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedPair, :QuantitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Quantifier ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnitOfMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Measuring ; owl:onProperty :isAssessedBy ] . :MeasurementError :isaSynonymOf :ConfidenceInterval ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """MeasurementError is another phrase to express the notion of 'ConfidenceInterval'. This is a *possible* error, not a known error.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :MeasurementResult :ldoce "measure", "result" ; :wnsense "measure3n", "result3n" ; :wordnet "measure", "result" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MeasurementResult is the information obtained as a result of performing a Measuring. This information will include a 'MeasuredQuantity' as well possibly other related information, such as the possible error range, time of measurement, device used, agent doing the measuring, etc. Information can be represented as a LinguisticAssertion or as a Proposition; this type is a LinguisticAssertion. Instances of this type can serve as the object of the relation ''hadInformationTransferred'' in any case where the information derived from a measurement is to be conveyed to some place or Agent. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'result' and to noun sense 3 of 'measure' in WordNet: 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') WN noun 'measure': 3. (7) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FactualText, :LinguisticAssertion, :TestResult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MeasurableQuantity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Measurement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Measuring ; owl:onProperty :isAssessedBy ] . :MeasurementSystem :ldoce "metric" ; :wnsense "metric3n" ; :wordnet "metric" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MeasurementSystem' is a system of rules and methods that serve to define units of measurement to quantify properties of Objects, whether abstract or Physical. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'metric' in WordNet: 3. system of measurement, metric - (a system of related measures that facilitates the quantification of some particular characteristic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Specification . :MeasurementUncertainty :isaSynonymOf :ConfidenceInterval ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """MeasurementUncertainty is just another phrase to express the notion of 'ConfidenceInterval'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :Synonym . :Measuring :en "measuring" ; :guid "bd588524-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "measure" ; :wnsense "measure1n", "measure1v", "measurement1n" ; :wordnet "measure", "measurement" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Observation that allows the Observer to determine the quantitative value of some Attribute of something (object, Event). This Action results in a Measurement. This type is restricted to measuring actions that use some physical device. The restriction requires that the device used be an instance of MeasuringDevice or MeasuringDeviceType, but does not need to be specified; the restriction requires that the type of resulting measurement be specified. Note that when a Measurement is performed automatically by an instrument (perhaps automatically transmitting the result to a database), the 'Observer' is the IntelligentAgent that installed the device, or requested that the device be installed. In Cyc called 'MeasuringSomething' Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction. Each instance of #$MeasuringSomething is an event in which an agent uses a physical device to measure some physical attribute of a tangible object. The last part of such an event involves the perception (and perhaps recording) of a result of the measurement (see the predicate #$measurementResult) by some instance of #$PerceptualAgent. See also the function #$MeasurementFn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'measure' and noun sense 1 of 'measurement' in WordNet: WN noun 'measure' 1. (8) measurement, measuring, measure, mensuration - (the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule; 'the measurements were carefully done'; 'his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate') WN verb 'measure' 1. (69) measure, mensurate, measure out - (determine the measurements of something or somebody, take measurements of; 'Measure the length of the wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Observing, :TestingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :Event :EventType :Group ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Measurement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :MeasurementResult ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MeasuringDevice :MeasuringDeviceType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :MeasuringCup :guid "bd58a00b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToMeasure :Volume ; :wnsense "measuring cup1n" ; :wordnet "measuring cup" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MeasuringCup'' is hand-held and seldo has a volume greater than one pint (half a liter). CYC: a cup which measures volume Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'measuring cup' in WordNet: 1. measuring cup - (graduated cup used for measuring ingredients) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodUtensil, :FoodVessel, :MeasuringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparingFoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Graduated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MeasuringDevice :guid "bd590901-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "measuring device1n", "measuring instrument1n", "measuring system1n" ; :wordnet "measuring device", "measuring instrument", "measuring system" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$MeasuringDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$MeasuringDevice is a device used for measuring some quantity such as #$Distance, #$Volume, #$Temperature, etc. Specializations of #$MeasuringDevice include #$Thermometer, #$Scale-MeasuringDevice, and #$Odometer.) SUMO: Any Device whose purpose is to measure a PhysicalQuantity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'measuring device' in WordNet: 1. (1) measuring instrument, measuring system, measuring device - (instrument that shows the extent or amount or quantity or degree of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :Instrument . :MeasuringDeviceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """MeasuringDeviceType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for MeasuringDevices, and an argument restriction for various relations on MeasuringDevice types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceType . :MeasuringSpoon :guid "bd588c1b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Little spoons of varying sizes used to measure cooking ingredients, medicine, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodVessel, :MeasuringDevice, :Spoon . :MeasuringTemperature :en "measure the temperature", "measuring the temperature", "take the temperature", "taking the temperature" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MeasuringTemperature'' is an Observation that allows the Observer to determine the value of the Temperature of some Object or substance (e.g. the ambient Air, or some liquid or solid object or a Person's body). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measuring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :TemperatureMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :TemperatureMeasurementResult ] . :Meat :guid "bd58bd46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "meat" ; :wnsense "meat1n" ; :wordnet "meat" ; a :RoleType, :SolidSubstanceType, :SoupComponentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any Food which was originally part of the muscle tissue of an Animal and is not ingested by drinking. Note that this class covers both raw meat and meat that has been prepared in some way, e.g. by cooking. Note too that preparations involving a combination of Meat and FruitOrVegetable are classed directly under Food, not as subtypes of this Type. 'Animal' in this case is a Mammal, Bird, Amphibian, or Reptile. Any other animals produce 'meat'?? NOTE that whole animals, even though they may be eaten by other animals, are not categorized as 'Meat'. NOTE that one meaning of 'meat' that distinguishes it from fish is not a sense in either RHW or WordNet: 'you can't eat meat on Fridays'. In COSMO 'Fish-TheFood' is not a subtype of 'Meat' and therefore preserves this common variant meaning. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'meat' (not including fish flesh) in WordNet: 1. (4) meat - - (the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :MeatBearingAnimal :en "meat bearing animal" ; a :NaturalResourceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MeatBearingAnimal'' is a ''FoodBearingOrganism'' from which ''Meat'' (muscle tissue) can be obtained that serves as ''Food''. This excludes insects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalResource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :MeatMixture a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A dish consisting mostly of Meat. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :MeatObject :en "meat object", "piece of meat" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MeatObject'' is a SolidFoodObject consisting of meat, raw or cooked, whether in situ in an Animal or having been removed by some process.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoistObject, :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :Mecca a :HolyPlace . :Mechanical :pertainsTo :Machinery, :MechanicalDevice, :MechanicalEnergy, :MechanicalPhenomenon, :Mechanics ; :wnsense "mechanical1adj", "mechanical2adj" ; :wordnet "mechanical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mechanical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to ''Machinery'' or activities dependent on Machinery. Refers to objects or actions in which some object exerts force on another. Contrasts with 'electronic'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'mechanical' in WordNet: 1. (10) mechanical - (using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices; 'a mechanical process'; 'his smile was very mechanical'; 'a mechanical toy') 2. (2) mechanical, mechanically skillful - (relating to or concerned with machinery or tools; 'mechanical arts'; 'mechanical design'; 'mechanical skills') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MechanicalAutoPart :guid "e810ef11-636c-11d6-8c82-0002b34b8539" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AutoPart and #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$MechanicalAutoPart is an object with moving parts that is designed to be a physical part of a car.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AutoPart, :MechanicalDevice . :MechanicalComponent :guid "bd58d414-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MechanicalDevice that is designed to function as part of a larger MechanicalDevice. An MechanicalComponent will have a separate existence at some point in the manufacturing process even if every instance of a particular type of MechanicalComponent is inserted into the larger object. Examples are: Automobile wheels, vehicle doors, Belt-Mechanical, etc..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :EngineeringComponent, :MechanicalDevice . :MechanicalDevice :ldoce "machine" ; :wnsense "machine1n", "mechanical device1n", "mechanism5n" ; :wordnet "machine", "mechanical device", "mechanism" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device that has internal moving parts, and performs its intended function primarily by causing physical objects to move. Each MechanicalDevice has an internal Mechanism. A MechanicalDevice can have sophisticated electronics use to control it, but its primary function must be to do something mechanical. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'machine' and sense 5 of 'mechanism' in WordNet, and excludes purely electronic devices, though a 'MechanicalDevice' may be powered by electricity and may have electronic controls.: in WordNet: 1. (600) machine - (any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks) WN 'mechanism': 5. mechanism - (device consisting of a piece of machinery; has moving parts that perform some function) WN noun 'mechanical device': 1. mechanical device - (mechanism consisting of a device that works on mechanical principles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device . :MechanicalDrawing :wnsense "mechanical drawing1n" ; :wordnet "mechanical drawing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Drawing-Depiction'' that is composed of lines, that is a representation of someDevice or Structure that is to be manufactured. Drawn 'to scale'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mechanical drawing' in WordNet: 1. mechanical drawing - (scale drawing of a machine or architectural plan etc,) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drawing-Depiction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtifactObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaMechanicalDrawing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :MechanicalEnergy :guid "bd58fba1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mechanical energy1n" ; :wordnet "mechanical energy" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of mechanical energy - the energy of things in motion . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mechanical energy' in WordNet: 1. (1) mechanical energy - (energy in a mechanical form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energy . :MechanicalPhenomenon :wnsense "mechanical phenomenon1n" ; :wordnet "mechanical phenomenon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MechanicalPhenomenon'' is a ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' exhibited by force and motion relations of PhysicalObjects, mostly applied to solid objects exerting force on each other, whether or not causing ''Motion''. ''Gravity'' is included as the phenomenon caused by the field generated by PhysicalObjects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mechanical phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. mechanical phenomenon - (a physical phenomenon associated with the equilibrium or motion of objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mechanics ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ] . :MechanicalResistance :wnsense "resistance2n" ; :wordnet "resistance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MechanicalResistance''is a ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' that is a ''Force' that resists ('''hinders'') the motion of some ''PhysicalObject'' (including a quantity of a Fluid). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'resistance' in WordNet: 2. (4) resistance - (any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalForce, :PhysicalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Mechanics :hasSubjectOfStudy :Force, :Motion ; :wnsense "mechanics1n" ; :wordnet "mechanics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mechanics'' is the science concerned with the motion of PhysicalObjects under various forces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mechanics' in WordNet: 1. (3) mechanics - (the branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies in a frame of reference) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physics . :Mechanism :wnsense "mechanism5n" ; :wordnet "mechanism" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The internal parts of a MechanicalDevice that cause the whole Device to perform its function. This corresponds to sense 5 of 'mechanism' in WordNet: 5. mechanism - (device consisting of a piece of machinery; has moving parts that perform some function) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MechanicalDevice ] . :MechanizedCavalry :wnsense "cavalry2n" ; :wordnet "cavalry" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MechanizedCavalry'' is a military unit that is referred to as 'Cavalry' but uses motorized vehicles such as tanks and other armored vehicles (but rarely horses) as a major part of its operations. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cavalry' in WordNet: 2. cavalry - (a highly mobile army unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmyUnit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Cavalryman ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Medal :wnsense "decoration2n", "medal1n", "medallion4n" ; :wordnet "decoration", "medal", "medallion" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Medal'' is an AwardSymbol that symbolizes that some person has been awarded some honor or achieved some distinction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medal' in WordNet: 1. (4) decoration, laurel wreath, medal, medallion, palm, ribbon - (an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AwardSymbol . :Medalist :wnsense "medalist1n", "medallist1n" ; :wordnet "medalist", "medallist" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medalist' in WordNet: 1. medalist, medallist - (someone who has won a medal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awardee, :Winner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WinningaMedal ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Medal ; owl:onProperty :possesses ] . :Meddling :eng "meddling" ; :wnsense "meddle1v" ; :wordnet "meddle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialIntervening'' that is unwanted and may be to some extent resented by the second agent in whose affairs a first agent meddles.) This is a ''BadhThing'' from the poinnt of view of the second agent, though other agentsmay consider it a ''GodThing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'meddle' in WordNet: 1. (1) meddle, tamper - (intrude in other people's affairs or business; interfere unwantedly; 'Don't meddle in my affairs!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :SocialIntervening . :MediaOrganization :guid "bfd610c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This collection is a subset of #$CommunicationsOrganization. Every instance of #$MediaOrganization exists for the purpose of disseminating information to the public (cf. #$MediaTransferEvent). Examples of #$MediaOrganization include radio stations, cable-TV providers, and publishing companies. A #$MediaOrganization may also create the #$MediaProducts it distributes. However, an organization that merely creates #$MediaProducts, but does not distribute them, is not a #$MediaOrganization. SUMO: MediaOrganization is the subclass of Organization for groups whose primary purpose is the production or dissemination of media content. For organizations that physically enable Communication, see CommunicationOrganization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialOrganization . :MediaPlayingDevice :en "media player" ; :guid "bff1484b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Device'' that can 'play' some kind of 'media' - tapes, phonograph records, CDs or DVDs. This is an ''ElectronicDevice'' and therefore excludes the old-fashioned gramophones which were exclusively mechanical, but includes electronic record players.. This type of Device does not just *read* the media, it converts the contained information into a form - sound or light - that can be perceived by the person operating or otherwise using it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoredInformationArtifact ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationTransferEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :MediaProfessional :en "media professional" ; :enn "media professional" ; :guid "c0fce825-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of persons; a subset of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each element of #$MediaProfessional is a person whose job is gathering, organizing, or disseminating information or entertainment for distribution through TV, radio, or newspaper. This collection includes journalists, sports announcers, news anchors, weathercasters, and all technical support staff such as camera operators, editors, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProfessionalPerson . :MediaTransferEvent :en "mass media", "media" ; :guid "bd77fa70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mass medium1n", "medium10n" ; :wordnet "mass medium", "medium" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Print and radio-wave ''Medium''s CYC:A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$MassCommunicating. In every instance of #$MediaTransferEvent, a #$ConceptualWork is distributed to the public as a collection of #$InformationBearingThings (IBTs). Accordingly, every instance of #$MediaTransferEvent has two #$subEvents: (1) an instance of #$IBTGeneration-Replication, in which the IBTs are produced, and (2) an instance of #$TransferOut, in which the IBTs are distributed. Important subsets of #$MediaTransferEvent are #$PrintCirculationEvent and #$MediaTransmitting. In #$PrintCirculationEvents, the generated IBTs are #$HardcopyInformationBearingObjects, and the replication subEvent precedes the distribution subEvent. In #$MediaTransmitting, the IBTs are #$InformationBearingWavePropagations, and the replication subEvent is the same as the distribution subEvent. See also #$ConceptualWork and #$MediaProduct. Closes WN sense seems to be 'media' sense 10: 10. medium, mass medium - ((usually plural) transmissions that are disseminated widely to the public) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disseminating, :MediumOfCommunication . :MediaTransmitting :guid "bf3c8860-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that ''MediaTransmitting'' here represents any form of communication of Information,that requires a Device to send and one to receive. CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$MediaTransferEvent and of #$Emission. In every instance of #$MediaTransmitting, a collection of intangible #$InformationBearingThings are transmitted and received by #$CommunicationDevices. These IBTs are NOT electrical signals, radio waves, or the like, but are constituted of sounds and/or images emitted by individual receiving devices and accessible to human senses. Subsets of #$MediaTransmitting include #$Broadcasting (via radio or TV) and #$TVTransmitting (via cable or broadcast) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Emission, :IBTGeneration-Replication, :MediaTransferEvent . :Medial :wnsense "medial1adj", "median2adj" ; :wordnet "medial", "median" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'medial' in Wordnet: 1. medial, median - (dividing an animal into right and left halves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyLocationAttribute . :Median :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfNumbers ; :wnsense "average6adj", "median1adj" ; :wordnet "average", "median" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Median'' is an attribute of sets of values of some data specifying a value that is above half of the values in the set. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'median' in Wordnet: 1. (1) median, average - (relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values); 'the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20'; 'the median income for the year was $15,000') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :MedianValue :wnsense "median value1n", "median1n" ; :wordnet "median", "median value" ; a :AverageType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MedianValue'' is a subtype of ''Average'' that is not a mathematical 'average' value, rather is a value in a distribution (set) of values where half the values are below and half are above the ''Median'' value. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'median value' in WordNet: 1. median, median value - (the value below which 50% of the cases fall) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Average, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfNumbers ; owl:onProperty :isTheAverageOf ] . :Mediating :wnsense "arbitrate1v", "intercede1v", "intermediate1v", "intermediation1n", "liaise1v", "mediate1v", "mediation2n" ; :wordnet "arbitrate", "intercede", "intermediate", "intermediation", "liaise", "mediate", "mediation" ; a :IntelligentActionType, :ServiceEventType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mediating'' is a form of ''SocialIntervening'' that includes ''Negotiating'', in which an Agent (a ''Mediator'',often one Person) serves to assist two or more other parties resolve differences during a negotiation or dispute or discussion, to help them come to some agreement on the issues at hand. This may be done on behalf of one or both of the parties who are considering arriving at an agreement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mediate' in WordNet: 1. (1) intercede, mediate, intermediate, liaise, arbitrate - (act between parties with a view to reconciling differences; 'He interceded in the family dispute'; 'He mediated a settlement') WN noun 'mediation': 2. mediation, intermediation - (the act of intervening for the purpose of bringing about a settlement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :HelpingAnAgent, :Negotiating, :ServiceEvent, :SocialIntervening, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mediator ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Negotiator ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Negotiating ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Mediator :wnsense "mediator1n" ; :wordnet "mediator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Mediator'' is a more specific subtype of ''Intermediary'' for a Person who participates in a Negotiation between two parties who are trying to reach agreement on some disputed issue. This is not for ''Broker''s or real estate agents or other intermediaries in sales event, even if that includes a negotiation phase. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'mediator' in WordNet: 1. mediator, go-between, intermediator, intermediary, intercessor - (a negotiator who acts as a link between parties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intermediary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mediating ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Negotiating ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Medic :wnsense "medic2n", "medical officer1n" ; :wordnet "medic", "medical officer" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Medic'' is any ''MedicalCareProfessional'' in the Armed Forces, whether a licensed Physician or an officer or an enlisted man. This includes nurses in the Armed Forces. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'medic' in WordNet: 2. medical officer, medic - (a medical practitioner in the armed forces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareProfessional, :MilitaryPerson . :Medical :ldoce "medical" ; :pertainsTo :MedicalCareEvent, :Medicine ; :wnsense "medical1adj" ; :wordnet "medical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type or instance to Medicine or a MedicalCareEvent in some way; of or pertaining to Medicine. Use subtype ''Medicinal'' for pertaining to medicines. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'historical' in WordNet: 1. (29) medical - (relating to the study or practice of medicine; 'the medical profession'; 'a medical student'; 'medical school') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MedicalAnalyticalTest a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MedicalAnalyticalTest is an AnalyticalTest performed on a sample derived from the body of a human, with the purpose of determining the physiological condition of the person or of some part of the person. This is the kind of test performed on a large scale by commercial clinical testing laboratories, as well as by hospitals and others. In cases where many samples are tested at once, as in automated testing, a single test can be an instance of this Type, and a full set of tests performed as part of a single action, as in a microarray, may also be considered as one instance of this Type, depending on the perspective of the information being analyzed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClinicalAnalyticalTest, :MedicalTest . :MedicalCareEvent :guid "bd638fc1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "medical" ; :wnsense "medical1n" ; :wordnet "medical" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type represents any Event in which someone provides medical care to another person (not an animal), whether or not the one providing care is a medical profesional. This includes an annual checkup (i.e. a 'medical'). This is a stub and future refinements will distinguish different types of medical service. CYC: A collection of events. Each instance of #$MedicalCareEvent is an event in which a medical care professional provides a medical service to some human or animal patient(s). Notable specializations of #$MedicalCareEvent include #$MedicalTesting, #$HospitalCareEvent, and #$Surgery. Includes noun sense 1 of 'medical' in WordNet: 1. checkup, medical checkup, medical examination, medical exam, medical, health check - (a thorough physical examination; includes a variety of tests depending on the age and sex and health of the person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalProcedure . :MedicalCareInstitution :guid "bd649710-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "medical institution1n" ; :wordnet "medical institution" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$MedicalCareInstitution is a specialization of #$OrganizationWithIndividualClients and #$MedicalCareOrganization. Each instance of #$MedicalCareInstitution is a large organization that provides medical or psychiatric care and has facilities for human patients to stay at least overnight. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical institution' in WordNet: 1. medical institution - (an institution created for the practice of medicine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Institution, :MedicalCareOrganization . :MedicalCareOrganization :guid "bd58f48e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$MedicalCareOrganization is a specialization of #$HealthcareOrganization, #$MedicalCareProvider and #$ServiceOrganization. Each instance of #$MedicalCareOrganization is an organization that provides some kind of medical care (note that an instance of #$MedicalCareOrganization may be a sub-organization of a larger organization). Notable specializations of #$MedicalCareOrganization include #$MedicalCareInstitution, #$Hospital, and #$VeterinaryHospital. SUMO: Any Organization whose purpose is to provide medical care for for Humans who reside there, either permanently or temporarily.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HealthcareOrganization, :MedicalCareProvider, :ServiceOrganization . :MedicalCareProfessional :guid "c10c316e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "medical man1n", "medical practitioner1n" ; :wordnet "medical man", "medical practitioner" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$MedicalCareProfessional is a person whose occupation principally involves medical care of patients, including surgery, psychological care, physical therapy, practical nursing, and dispensing drugs. Notable specializations of #$MedicalCareProfessional include #$Doctor-Medical, #$Dentist, and #$Pharmacist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical practitioner' in WordNet: 1. medical practitioner, medical man - (someone who practices medicine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Graduate, :HealthProfessional, :MedicalCareProvider, :PersonWithOccupation . :MedicalCareProvider :guid "c0fd5c00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SocialBeing instances of which are agents - either individuals or organizations -- who provide medical care in a professional capacity. Specializations of #$MedicalCareProvider include #$MedicalCareProfessional and #$MedicalCareOrganization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :SocialBeing . :MedicalClinic :guid "c0fd6bf6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A medical organization composed of several doctors and support staff, but where the doctors are not the sole administrators. SUMO: A CareOrganization which provides medical care on an out-patient basis only, i.e. there are no rooms where patients may take up residence for a period of time while they receive care. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinic' in WordNet: 1. clinic - (a medical establishment run by a group of medical specialists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareOrganization . :MedicalDevice :guid "bd58cd4a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of tools. Instances of #$MedicalDevice are physical implements or tools which are normally used in the practice of medicine. These include hand-held tools used by medical professionals, including scalpels, dental tools, stethoscopes. Other examples of this collection include devices such as a hospital beds, casts, slings, x-ray devices, etc. COSMO NOTE: in CYC a 'toothbrush' is also a MedicaDevice - OK, we use it as any device used for medica purposes, not just by professionals. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device . :MedicalDiagnosis :en "diagnosing" ; :guid "c0fd5424-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diagnose2v", "diagnosis1n" ; :wordnet "diagnose", "diagnosis" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of figuring out what is wrong with someone's body, motivated by some symptom of illness. Instances of #$MedicalDiagnosis often involve instances of #$MedicalTesting. See also #$MedicalDiagnosisFn. NOTE that one subtype is an ''Autopsy'', so the 'illness' motivating an ''Autopsy'' is Death. COSMO note: a ''MedicalTesting'' is not always necessary, as a diagnosis may sometimes be made solely by inspection. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'diagnose' (diagnostic analysis) in Wordnet: 2. (1) diagnose - (subject to a medical analysis) WN noun 'diagnosis': 1. (4) diagnosis, diagnosing - (identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diagnosing, :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, :MedicalCareEvent ; owl:disjointWith :RegularMedicalExam . :MedicalDoctor :en "Doctor-Medical" ; :guid "bd58eb55-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "doctor" ; :wnsense "MD2n", "doctor1n", "physician1n" ; :wordnet "MD", "doctor", "physician" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Doctor-Medical is a person with a certain type of education in the field of medicine (usually such a person has obtained an MD degree) who is professionally licensed to practice medicine. The Profession of being a medical doctor, i.e. having attended medical school and being licensed to practice medicine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'doctor' in WordNet: 1. (74) doctor, doc, physician, MD, Dr., medico - (a licensed medical practitioner; \"I felt so bad I went to see my doctor\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Graduate, :Licensed-Professional, :PersonWithOccupation, :Prescriber . :MedicalExamination :ldoce "examine" ; :wnsense "checkup1n", "examine2v", "medical checkup1n", "medical exam1n", "medical examination1n", "medical1n" ; :wordnet "checkup", "examine", "medical", "medical checkup", "medical exam", "medical examination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MedicalExamination' is an Inspection of a Person's body for the purpose of diagnosing an ailment, or for a routine physical examination. This includes dental examinations and mental health evaluations. screen, test NOTE that the word 'examination' by itself does not appear in WordNet in this sense. This corresponds to the WordNet term 'medical examination': in WordNet: WN: 1. checkup, medical checkup, medical examination, medical exam, medical, health check - (a thorough physical examination; includes a variety of tests depending on the age and sex and health of the person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareEvent, :Scrutiny, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MedicalTest ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :MedicalExpenses :wnsense "medical expense1n" ; :wordnet "medical expense" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MedicalExpenses'' is a ''MoneyObject'' (a negative value) paid or owed for some ''MedicalCareEvent'', produced by a ''MedicalCareEvent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical expense' in WordNet: 1. medical expense - (amount spent for diagnosis or treatment or prevention of medical problems) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expenses, :MoneyLoss, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MedicalCareEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :MedicalFacility :en "medical care facility", "medical facility" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MedicalFacility'' is a Building or part of a Buiding which is mostly or completely used for providing medical services for people. This includes both clinics and hospitals and buildings where Groups of physicians practice and provide services, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HealthCareEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :MedicalInstrument :wnsense "medical instrument1n" ; :wordnet "medical instrument" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical instrument' in WordNet: 1. medical instrument - (instrument used in the practice of medicine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Instrument, :MedicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MedicalCareEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :MedicalLotion :CYC "Lotion" ; :guid "c100596c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "application5n", "lotion2n" ; :wordnet "application", "lotion" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MedicalLotion'' is any mostly liquid substance that is sold without a doctor's prescription.for application to the skin as a means to suppress pain or accelerate healing. This includes over-The-Counter lotions containing antibotics that do not require a prescription. This is *not* for cosmetic preparations or for sun blockers. CYC 'Lotion': #$Lotion is a collection of lotions. Lotions are opaque, fluid, tangible stuff applied externally on the skin. Lotions are less viscous than creams. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lotion' in WordNet: 2. lotion, application - (liquid preparation having a soothing or antiseptic or medicinal action when applied to the skin; \"a lotion for dry skin\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :OverTheCounterDrug, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AilmentCondition ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTreatAilment ] . :MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient' is an Animal (including NonHumanAnimals) that is being treated or diagnosed for some AilmentCondition, or is undergoing treatment or a routine health check. The distinction between human and non-human patients are made in the subtypes: ''MedicalPatient'' and ''VeterinaryPatient''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'patient' in WordNet, but is broader as it include non-human veterinary patients: in WordNet: 1. (76) patient - (a person who requires medical care; 'the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :Beneficiary, :RoleInAnEvent . :MedicalPatient :wnsense "patient1n" ; :wordnet "patient" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'MedicalPatient' is a ''Person'' who is being treated or diagnosed for some AilmentCondition, or is undergoing a routine health check or preventive measure (such as vaccination). This role is for a human; for a veterinary patient use ''VeterinaryPatient. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'patient' but is broader than suggested by the gloss, as it includes the patients in routine check-ups and preventive and precautionary measures. in WordNet: 1. (76) patient - (a person who requires medical care; 'the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasThePatientInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :HealthCareEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :HealthCareEvent ] . :MedicalProcedure :guid "c00a71eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "medical procedure1n" ; :wordnet "medical procedure" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of medical procedures, including diagnosis and treatment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical procedure' in WordNet: 1. medical procedure - (a procedure employed by medical or dental practitioners) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HealthCareEvent . :MedicalPrognosis :wnsense "medical prognosis1n", "prognosis2n", "prospect5n" ; :wordnet "medical prognosis", "prognosis", "prospect" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MedicalPrognosis'' is a 'Prediction' about the likely course of some ''AilmentCondition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical prognosis' in WordNet: 1. prognosis, prospect, medical prognosis - (a prediction of the course of a disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prognosis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentCondition ] . :MedicalRemedy :wnsense "curative1n", "cure1n", "remedy2n", "therapeutic1n" ; :wordnet "curative", "cure", "remedy", "therapeutic" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MedicalRemedy'' is a Role played by anything (e.g. drug or physical therapy or psychiatric therapy or faith healing) that can or is used in an attempt (not necessarily successful) to cure some form of ''AilmentCondition'' . This has little inherent semantics, but is used to combine TherapeuticProcesses with Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'remedy' in WordNet: 2. (1) remedy, curative, cure, therapeutic - (a medicine or therapy that cures disease or relieve pain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTreatAilment ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentCondition ] . :MedicalSchool :guid "bd59099d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :teaches :Medicine ; :wnsense "medical school1n", "school of medicine1n" ; :wordnet "medical school", "school of medicine" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: Schools that grant medical degrees, whose students usually end up as medical doctors. SUMO: A GraduateSchool that is devoted to MedicalScience and that grants the degree of doctor of medicine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medical school' in WordNet: 1. (3) medical school, school of medicine - (a graduate school offering study leading to a medical degree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GraduateSchool, :SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Medicine ; owl:onProperty :teaches ] . :MedicalSpecialist :ldoce "specialist" ; :wnsense "specialist2n" ; :wordnet "specialist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MedicalSpecialist' is a Physician who practises one branch of medicine almost exclusively, and is licensed to practise that branch.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'specialist' in WordNet: 2. (1) specialist, medical specialist - - (practices one branch of medicine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalDoctor, :Specialist . :MedicalSymptom :wnsense "symptom1n" ; :wordnet "symptom" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MedicalSymptom'' is a ''Symptom'' of some ''AilmentCondition''. This is a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' that is a ''Sign'' of another ''PhysiologicalCondition'' - but does not **necessarily** mean that that other condition actually exists, it is an indication that it *might* exist or is *liely* to exist, and the probability of existence (from barely possible to almost certain) of the condition suggested varies with the type of symptom and the number and pattern of the symptoms. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'symptom' in Wordnet: 1. (9) symptom - ((medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :ObservableThing, :Symptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentCondition ] . :MedicalTest :wnsense "test2n" ; :wordnet "test" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TestingEvent performed on an animal (usually a Person) or on some sample of material obtained from the animal, in order to discover some information related to the physiological condition of the animal. NOTE that this action is not necessarily a diagnosis, as it may be performed as part of a routine physical check-up. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'test' in WordNet: 2. (103) test, trial, run - (the act of testing something; 'in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately'; 'he called each flip of the coin a new trial') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measuring, :MedicalCareEvent, :TestingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ] . :MedicalTesting :en "medical test" ; :guid "c0fd5389-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MedicalCareEvent, #$InformationGathering and #$Evaluating. Each instance of #$MedicalTesting is a test performed by some #$IntelligentAgent on a #$MedicalPatient (or, often, on a sample taken from the patient's body) in order to gather information about the patient's general state of health, in order to help in making a diagnosis, or in order to determine or monitor the severity of a known condition of the patient. Instances of #$MedicalTesting include individual blood tests, as well as individual MRIs. See also #$MedicalDiagnosis. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingSomething, :Evaluating, :ExperimentalTest, :InformationGathering, :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, :Measuring, :MedicalCareEvent . :MedicalThermometer :en "medical thermometer", "oral thermometer" ; :enn "oral thermometer" ; :guid "bd58a3bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clinical thermometer1n", "mercury-in-glass clinical thermometer1n" ; :wordnet "clinical thermometer", "mercury-in-glass clinical thermometer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Thermometers that are normally used for medical purposes. This may be reered to as a 'oral thermometer'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'clinical thermometer' in WordNet: 1. clinical thermometer, mercury-in-glass clinical thermometer - (a mercury thermometer designed to measure the temperature of the human body; graduated to cover a range a few degrees on either side of the normal body temperature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalDevice, :Thermometer . :MedicalTreatmentType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of 'ServiceEvent' as one of their arguments.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceEventType . :Medically :isAnAttributeValueOf :HumanActivity ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Medical ; :pertainsTo :MedicalCareEvent, :MedicalDiagnosis, :MedicalInstrument, :MedicalSchool, :MedicalSymptom, :Medicine ; :wnsense "medically1adv" ; :wordnet "medically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Medical'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions that pertain to actions,effects, or criteria involving ''Medicine'' or medical treatments of any kind. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'medically' in Wordnet: 1. (1) medically - (involving medical practice; 'medically trained nurses'; 'medically correct treatment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Medicinal :pertainsTo :Medicine ; :wnsense "medicinal1adj" ; :wordnet "medicinal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance to some Medicine; related to ''Medicine''s. 'A snake-oil with no medicinal value.' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'medicinal' in WordNet: 1. medicative, medicinal - (having the properties of medicine; 'medicative drugs'; 'medicinal herbs'; 'medicinal properties') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medical . :MedicinalOintment :CYC "Ointment" ; :guid "c0fd67e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "balm2n", "ointment1n", "salve1n", "unction3n", "unguent1n" ; :wordnet "balm", "ointment", "salve", "unction", "unguent" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''MedicinalOintment''is a semisolid substance applied to the skin and used as a ''DrugProduct''. This excludes toiletry products applied to the skin; of those the Ointments are represented as ''ToiletryOintment'', a subtype of ''ToiletrySubstance''; however, this includes sunscreen substances (prevents sunburn). CYC 'Ointment': These materials are ''SemiSolid', not powdered, and can be of various degrees of viscosity from freeflowing suspension to thick and gelatinous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ointment' in WordNet: 1. ointment, unction, unguent, balm, salve - (semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, :TopicalSkinApplication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SemiSolid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Medicine :ldoce "medicine" ; :wnsense "medicine1n", "medicine3n" ; :wordnet "medicine" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The art and science of diagnosing and treating abnormal or detrimental physiological conditions. This includes both the study of and practice of Medicine. For a branch of the occupation of medicine, use 'Medicine-Occupation' Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'medicine' in WordNet: 1. (6) medicine, medical specialty - (the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques) 3. (3) medicine, practice of medicine - (the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries; 'he studied medicine at Harvard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Medicine-Occupation ; owl:onProperty :isTheFieldOfProfession ] . :Medicine-Occupation :isTheOccupationOfA :MedicalCareProfessional ; :ldoce "medicine" ; :wnsense "medicine3n" ; :wordnet "medicine" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any FunctionalProcess that is considered to be part of the process of diagnosing or treating diseases or other unwanted physiological conditions, for which a person needs some significant degree of training. This includes Nursing, Surgery, general or special medical practice, practical nursing, etc. Corresponds partly to noun sense 3 of 'medicine' in WordNet, but includes other forms of the medical profession beyond M.D degree graduates.: in WordNet: 3. (3) medicine, practice of medicine - (the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries; 'he studied medicine at Harvard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MedicalCareProfessional ; owl:onProperty :isTheOccupationOfA ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Medicine ; owl:onProperty :isTheProfessionOfField ] . :MedicineChest :wnsense "medicine chest1n" ; :wordnet "medicine chest" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is not movable, it is built into some part of a building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'medicine chest' in WordNet: 1. medicine chest, medicine cabinet - (cabinet that holds medicines and toiletries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cabinet-StorageConstruction, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction . :Medieval :pertainsTo :MiddleAges ; :wnsense "mediaeval1adj", "medieval1adj" ; :wordnet "mediaeval", "medieval" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Medieval'' is the attribute of Events that occurred in the ''MiddleAges'' and ideas and objects characteristic of that time. 'when knighthood was in flower' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'medieval' in Wordnet: 1. (14) medieval, mediaeval - (relating to or belonging to the Middle Ages; 'Medieval scholars'; 'Medieval times') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Mediocre :isLessIntenseThan :So-so ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Bad ; :isTheOppositeOf :Fair ; :wnsense "mediocre1adj", "mediocre2adj", "mediocre3adj" ; :wordnet "mediocre" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute value that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is slightly worse than average, but not 'Good'. 'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top 'Good' and the bottom 'Bad'. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'mediocre' in Wordnet: 1. mediocre, second-rate - (moderate to inferior in quality; 'they improved the quality from mediocre to above average') 3. mediocre - (poor to middling in quality; 'there have been good and mediocre and bad artists') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue . :Meditating :guid "bdec05f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chew over1v", "contemplate4v", "excogitate2v", "meditate1v", "mull over1v", "mull1v", "muse1v", "ponder1v", "reflect3v", "ruminate2v", "speculate3v", "think over1v" ; :wordnet "chew over", "contemplate", "excogitate", "meditate", "mull", "mull over", "muse", "ponder", "reflect", "ruminate", "speculate", "think over" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Meditating'' is a 'Thinking'' about something specific or about whatever comes to mind for more than a brief few minutes. This is general deep thinking and does not require (but does not exclude) special body positions or specific rituals. When focusing ''Meditating'' on a particular topic (typically a situation or problem) the intention is often to reach some inference or conclusion about some aspect that is not immediately obvious. CYC: A collection of activities involving concentration and certain kinds of bodily positioning. In each instance of #$Meditating, the performer concentrates on something for spiritual or religious purposes, e.g. to achieve a higher degree of #$TranscendentEnlightenment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meditate' in WordNet: 1. (4) chew over, think over, meditate, ponder, excogitate, contemplate, muse, reflect, mull, mull over, ruminate, speculate - (reflect deeply on a subject; 'I mulled over the events of the afternoon'; 'philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years'; 'The scientist must stop to observe and start to excogitate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contemplation, :MentalState, :PurposefulMentalActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SituationProcessEventOrState ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FiveMinutes ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDuration ] ; owl:disjointWith :Reasoning . :Mediterranean :pertainsTo :MediterraneanSea ; :wnsense "Mediterranean1adj" ; :wordnet "Mediterranean" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Mediterranean' in Wordnet: 1. Mediterranean - (of or relating to or characteristic of or located near the Mediterranean Sea; 'Mediterranean countries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MediterraneanSea :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "Mediterranean Sea1n", "Mediterranean1n" ; :wordnet "Mediterranean", "Mediterranean Sea" ; a :Sea ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mediterranean Sea' in WordNet: 1. Mediterranean, Mediterranean Sea - (the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia) """ . :Medium :en "media" ; :wnsense "medium5n" ; :wordnet "medium" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Medium' is an instance of some 'SubstanceType' that cane be used to achieve some Goal. A common example is a growth 'medium' for microorganisms. The type 'Solvent' is a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'medium' in WordNet: 5. (1) medium - (an intervening substance through which something is achieved; 'the dissolving medium is called a solvent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :Medium-High :en "medium-high" ; :enadj "medium-high" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Medium-High'' is an attribute of something that is neither clearly ''Intermediate'' nor 'high' in some series of ''IntensiveAttributeValue''s. This concept can not be found in WN or RHW. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue . :MediumOfCommunication :en "media" ; :wnsense "medium1n" ; :wordnet "medium" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MediumOfCommunication'' is any of various ''Resources'' that can be used to communicate information widely - not just speaking to those within earshot. this includes PhysicalObjects such as printed material, radio/tv transmission, telephone lines or other means to carry information over land. In common language,'the media'include print media such as newspapers and magazines, and radio and television transmission, and now internet transmission of data in email, social media, and email. NOTE: this WN synset is used for 'medium' referring to 'the Media' (TV, Radio, Newspapers) and also for an object containing data storage medium. ''InformationStorageMediumObject''. NOTE: the word 'media' is formally a plural word, but is often used in the singular - 'in any media'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'medium' in WordNet: 1. (5) medium - (a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationDisseminatingSystem . :MediumPriority :en "medium priority" ; a :ProrityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MediumPriority'' is the middle of three levels of priority (of some importance, but not the highest). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PriorityLevel . :MediumSized :contrastsWith :Large, :Small ; :enadj "medium sized", "middle-sized", "midsize" ; :wnsense "average4adj", "intermediate2adj", "medium1adj" ; :wordnet "average", "intermediate", "medium" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Intermediate'' is an attribute of something that is neither 'large' nor 'small' in magnitude for various physical measures. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'medium' in Wordnet: 1. (5) average, intermediate, medium - (around the middle of a scale of evaluation of physical measures; 'an orange of average size'; 'intermediate capacity'; 'a plane with intermediate range'; 'medium bombers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intermediate . :Meek :isTheOppositeOf :Proud ; :wnsense "meek1adj" ; :wordnet "meek" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''Humble''. In the RHW it is more specific than the general ''Humble'': 1. humbly patient or docile, as under provocation from others. 2. overly submissive or compliant; spiritless; tame. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'meek' in WordNet: 1. (4) meek, mild, modest - (humble in spirit or manner; suggesting retiring mildness or even cowed submissiveness; 'meek and self-effacing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Humble . :Meeting :ldoce "meet", "meeting" ; :wnsense "coming together1n", "get together1n", "meet2v", "meeting2n", "meeting3n" ; :wordnet "coming together", "get together", "meet", "meeting" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The coming together of two or more 'IntentionalAgent's for the purpose of Communication or acting together. This covers informal meetings, e.g. visits with family members, and formal meetings, e.g. a board of directors meeting. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'meeting' and verb sense 2 of 'meet' in WordNet: 2. (115) meeting, coming together - (the social act of assembling for some common purpose; 'his meeting with the salesmen was the 'high' of his day') 3. (46) meeting, get together - (a small informal social gathering; 'there was an informal meeting in my living room') WN verb 'meet': 2. (38) meet, get together - (get together socially or for a specific purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversation, :GatheringTogetherOfPeople, :SocialOccurrence . :MeetingAgenda :wnsense "agenda2n", "agendum1n", "order of business1n" ; :wordnet "agenda", "agendum", "order of business" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MeetingAgenda'' is a ''ToDoList'' describing items to be take up for discussion and/or or decision at formal situations such as meetings or committee sessions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agenda' in WordNet: 2. agenda, agendum, order of business - (a list of matters to be taken up (as at a meeting)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToDoList, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :AgendaItem ] . :MeetingRoom :en "meeting room" ; :wnsense "boardroom1n", "council chamber1n" ; :wordnet "boardroom", "council chamber" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MeetingRoom'' is a ''Room'' that is suitable for ''FormalMeeting''s, having enough space to hold at least ten people, and usually more, and may have equipment to enable presentations such as projectors and and screens. This could have subtypes but they are not represented in WN. Includes but is more general than noun sense 1 of 'boardroom' in WordNet: 1. boardroom, council chamber - (a room where a committee meets (such as the board of directors of a company)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room . :MeetingaDeadlne :en "meet a deadline", "meeting a deadline" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MeetingaDeadlne'' is the finishing phase of a ''HighPriorityTask'' that points to the ''Deadline'' (a time point or interval). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompletingaTask, :Fulfilling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HighPriorityTask :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingTimePoint ; owl:someValuesFrom :Deadline ] . :MegaByte :wnsense "megabyte1n" ; :wordnet "megabyte" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One MegaByte (MB) of information. One MegaByte is 1024 KiloBytes. Note that this sense of 'mega' is different from the one accepted in the SI system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'megabyte' in WordNet: 1. megabyte, MB - (a unit of information equal to \" one million \" (actually 1,048,576) bytes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationMeasure . :Megaphone :wnsense "megaphone1n" ; :wordnet "megaphone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'megaphone' in WordNet: 1. megaphone - (a cone-shaped acoustic device held to the mouth to intensify and direct the human voice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcousticDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SirenSound ; owl:onProperty :canEmit ] . :Megrez a :Star . :Meiosis :wnsense "meiosis1n", "miosis1n" ; :wordnet "meiosis", "miosis" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meiosis' in WordNet: 1. meiosis, miosis, reduction division - ((genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms; the nucleus divides into four nuclei each containing half the chromosome number (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CellDivision, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gamete ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :MekongRiver :guid "bd58bdd4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the great rivers of SE Asia" . :Melancholy :wnsense "melancholy1n" ; :wordnet "melancholy" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Melancholy'' is a ''Sadness' that is accompanied by reflection on the cause of the Sadness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'melancholy' in WordNet: 1. (4) melancholy - (a feeling of thoughtful sadness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sadness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wistful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Melanin :guid "7121f24e-9f3c-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d1c3" ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Vertebrate ; :wnsense "melanin1n" ; :wordnet "melanin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all melanin, a pigment found in skin, eyes, and hair of #$Vertebrates. #$Melanin protects skin from ultraviolet light, and naturally occurs in higher concentrations in ethnic groups native to the tropics than in those native to higher latitudes. The lack of melanin in the body causes albinism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'melanin' in WordNet: 1. melanin - (insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and feathers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalTangibleStuff, :OrganicCompound, :Pigment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertebrate ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ] . :Melanoma :guid "bdfc9f4d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "malignant melanoma1n", "melanoma1n" ; :wordnet "malignant melanoma", "melanoma" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'melanoma' in WordNet: 1. melanoma, malignant melanoma - (any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) consisting of melanocytes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkinCancer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Superficial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Melody :guid "face2a2a-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "tune" ; :wnsense "melody1n", "tune1n" ; :wordnet "melody", "tune" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Melody'' ('Tune') is an abstract succession of notes, which is a specification (a ConceptualWork), *not* the actual sounds. The ''Melody'' will usually have, in addition to the actual pitch values of the notes, the time interval for each note to sound, and other information such as the kind of instrument (or voice) for which the tune was written. The execution of a Tune will be 'Music'. Therefore a ''Melody'' is not *merely* a succession of notes, but typically includes other information as part of the ConceptualWork. This differs somewhat from CYC usage in that the ''Melody'' need not be lyrical, it can be quite abstract or modern or atonal, as long as the author considers it as 'music'. COSMO note: for songs that have lyrics, use 'Song'. CYC: The collection of instances of #$MusicalComposition that are song-like in nature. They usually have lyrics and are relatively short in duration. An example of an instance of this collection is Let it be by #$TheBeatles-MusicGroup. Negative examples might be the 2nd movement of some classical symphony. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'tune' and sense 1 of 'melody' in WordNet; WN does not distinguish between the abstract specification and the sounds which are an execution of a 'tune': in WordNet: 1. (12) tune, melody, air, strain, melodic line, line, melodic phrase - (a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence; 'she was humming an air from Beethoven') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :MusicalComposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Music ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MusicalNoteSymbol ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Melon :guid "bd58a71d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "melon1n" ; :wordnet "melon" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Individual melon, the fruit of a ''MelonPlant''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'melon' in WordNet: 1. (2) melon - (any of numerous fruits of the gourd family having a hard rind and sweet juicy flesh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MelonPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :MelonPlant :guid "b928cada-2d68-41d7-9d77-dc57e9b69cc7" ; :wnsense "melon vine1n" ; :wordnet "melon vine" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Plant-NonWoody. Each instance of #$MelonPlant is a vine that bears melons as fruit (see (#$FruitFn #$MelonPlant)). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'melon vine' in WordNet: 2. melon, melon vine - (any of various fruit of cucurbitaceous vines including: muskmelons; watermelons; cantaloupes; cucumbers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GourdPlant . :Melting :en "melting" ; :guid "bd58f9f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "melt" ; :wnsense "liquefy1v", "liquefy2v", "liquidize1v", "liquidize2v", "liquify1v", "liquify2v", "melt1v" ; :wordnet "liquefy", "liquidize", "liquify", "melt" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes both intransitive and transitive senses of 'melt'. These may be distinguished in future versions. CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, an object is heated to (and then above) its #$freezingPoint and is thereby changed from a #$Solid-StateOfMatter to a #$Liquid-StateOfMatter. SUMO: The Class of Processes where an Object is heated and converted from a Solid to a Liquid. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'melt' in WordNet: 1. (3) melt, run, melt down - (reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating; melt butter; melt down gold; The wax melted in the sun) WN verb 'liquify': 1. liquefy, liquify, liquidize, liquidise - (make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating; 'liquefy the silver') 2. liquefy, flux, liquify - (become liquid or fluid when heated; 'the frozen fat liquefied') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StateChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidSubstance ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Member :ldoce "member" ; :wnsense "member1n" ; :wordnet "member" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Member' is an IntelligentAgent who is related to some collective entity by either the 'hasMember' or 'hasOrganizationMember' relation. This is intended to include 'members' of Organizations in which the members may themselves be Organizations, such as the United Nations or a Chamber of Commmerce. The distinction between human and collective 'members' will be recognizable by the relation used to related the member to the organization. @ToDo: do we need a subtype specifically for 'HumanMember's?? Certain types of Organizations, such as corporations, may have associated persons who are not usually referred to as 'members'; for example: the board of directors of a company, the stockholders, the employees, the contractors, some members of congress (e.g. 'congressmen' or 'senators'), and any other group that may have some affiliation with an Organization. Such affiliated Persons canbe called ''Affiliate''s. In such a case, the person can be a member of some group of people, associated by the 'hasMember' relation, and such a GroupOfPeople will be a group associated with the organization by the relation 'hasAssociatedAgent'. But unless the individuals are actually referred to as 'members', then the 'hasmember' relation should not be used directly with the parent organization, but should be used with the group, and that group related to the parent organization by the 'hasAssociatedAgent' relation. This indirect relation on Organization members is necessary to allow proper representation of groups associated with Organizations that have associated persons who are not actually called 'members' Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 1 of 'member' in WordNet: 1. (521) member - (one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participates in a group organization); 'only members will be admitted'; 'a member of the faculty'; 'she was introduced to all the members of his family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affiliate, :IntelligentAgent . :MemberOfRoyalty :guid "be31d9f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "royal" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A king or queen or emperor or other monarch, whether absolute or constitutional, and by extension of princes and princesses in the 'royal family'. In RHW sense 12 of 'royal' corresponds to this type: 12. Informal. a royal person; member of the royalty. This is often used in the plural to describe behavior of 'the royals'. However, there appears to be no corresponding noun sense of 'royal' in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Member, :MemberOfTheNobility . :MemberOfTheNobility :guid "be31d9f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "noble", "nobleman" ; :wnsense "aristocrat1n", "noble1n", "nobleman1n" ; :wordnet "aristocrat", "noble", "nobleman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anyone with a hereditary title, whether inherited or granted directly to that person. This type applies even though a ruling family no longer rules, as long as the country in which the titles were granted has not in fact abolished the titles. The case of monarchs whose position is not inherited is also included (e.g. elected kings).. In Cyc called 'Aristocrat' Cyc: The collection of all aristocrats, or persons who hold hereditary titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. This excludes British 'life-peers,' whose titles are not hereditary, and hereditary knights, who are not nobility. It includes all hereditary aristocratic ranks from Baronet and Laird up to hereditary monarch. It does not include moneyed or distinguished people who are only informally called 'aristocrats'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'aristocrat', nound sense 1 of 'noble' , sense in WordNet: 1. aristocrat, blue blood, patrician - - (a member of the aristocracy) WN noun 'noble': 1. Lord, noble, nobleman -- (a titled peer of the realm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Member . :MembersOfParliament a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The GroupOfPeople who are the official members of some Parliament..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MembersOfaLegislature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Parliament ] . :MembersOfaLegislature a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The GroupOfPeople who are the official voting members of some LegislativeOrganization; aides and other assistants are not included in this type. The Organization is represented by ''LegislativeOrganization''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegislativeOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Legislator ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :MembersOfaSenate a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The GroupOfPeople - the Senators - who are the official voting members of some Senate; aides and other assistants are not included in this type.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MembersOfaLegislature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Senate ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Senator ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Membrane :guid "be70d815-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "membrane1n" ; :wordnet "membrane" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Membrane'' is for any thin pliable sheet of organic material. CYC: This is the collection of membranes. It includes membranes which grow as parts of living organisms (#$Membrane-Biological), as well as artifacts such as drum heads and the plastic membranes used in osmotic laboratory procedures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'membrane' in WordNet: 1. (1) membrane - (a thin pliable sheet of material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganicSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Memento :wnsense "memento1n" ; :wordnet "memento" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Memento'' is a 'Reminder' (a 'SolidObject') usually small, that causes a person to remember something, but does *not* remind primarily through linguistic means (as notes or to-do lists or shopping lists), but by its symbolic value or association with a past Event. Souvenirs of travel or other mementos, e.g. a memento mori, or objects obtained at Events (such as favors at a wedding). Photos that cause one to recall past Events, such sa places or events where one was present, would be included (but most photos, taken where one was not presnt are not included). For small objects that are kept specifically as a reminder of some past event (travel, wedding, graduation, etc.) use the more specific subtype 'Souvenir' For an Action that causes remembering, use 'Reminding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'memento' in WordNet: 1. memento, souvenir - (a reminder of past events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortableObject, :Reminder . :Memoir :wnsense "memoir1n" ; :wordnet "memoir" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'memoir' in WordNet: 1. (1) memoir - (an account of the author's personal experiences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Autobiography, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Experience ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Memorabilia :guid "be4c57d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "memorabilia1n" ; :wordnet "memorabilia" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Memorabilia'' is the collective term for a Group of ''Memento''s. This can include Photos of past events or loved ones, ''Souvenir''s of trips or Events attended or activities pursued, or anything that reminds one of some past Event. NOTE: this does not have to be an 'artifact' - it could be a natural object, such as a shell picked up at a beach on a trip. CYC: The collection of #$Artifacts that are produced or kept for the purpose of illiciting memories or thoughts about some object or event. Typically this object or event has importance to many people or to the person possessing the memorabilia. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'memorabilia' (but this is not a 'record - it is a group of 'reminder''s) in WordNet: 1. (1) memorabilia - (a record of things worth remembering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Memento ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Memorable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Remembering ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Remembering ; :wnsense "memorable1adj" ; :wordnet "memorable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Memorable'' is an attribute of situations, or events or Objects that are easy to remember because they are unusual (or at least uncommon) in some respect. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'memorable' in Wordnet: 1. (6) memorable - (worth remembering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient, :Unusual . :Memorandum :guid "bd58aeb2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "memo1n", "memoranda1n", "memorandum1n" ; :wordnet "memo", "memoranda", "memorandum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Memorandum'' is any written ''WrittenRecord'' that contains a short description of thoughts or ideas or suggestions written by a Person for future reference, whether for others to see, or for that person's own use, as a reminder. A 'memorandum' may be actally written by one person (e.g. a secretary) on behalf of another, or even (when available) prepared by dictation to a computer with voice recognition. CYC: A note from an agent or group of agents in an organization to another agent or group of agents in the same organization, pertaining to the goals, practices, or conditions of the organization. RHW: 1. a short note designating something to be remembered, esp. something to be done or acted upon in the future; reminder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'memorandum' in WordNet: 1. (2) memo, memorandum, memoranda - (a written proposal or reminder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Note, :Reminder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MemorialMarker :guid "c0fd6b27-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: The term 'MemorialMarker' is interpreted somewhat differently than in Cyc. In COSMO, it includes plaques on the wall of some building that commemorates some person, object, or Event. We retain the parent Type 'ConstructionArtifact' since it should be, if not a free-standing constriction artifact, a part of a building. Cyc: A specialization of #$SymbolicObject and #$ConstructionArtifact. Each instance of this collection is an artifact built to commemorate an individual, group of individuals or event. The collection includes gravestones, statues, and pyramids. See #$honorsThing and its specializations. Large and imposing instances of #$MemorialMarker fall under the more specialized collection #$Monument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Marker, :SymbolicObject . :Memorizing :en "memorizing" ; :guid "bd58bfe4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "memorize", "remember" ; :wnsense "memorization1n", "memorize1v", "remember2v", "retain4v" ; :wordnet "memorization", "memorize", "remember", "retain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Memorizing' is an Action in which a cognitive agent successfuly stores some information in long-term Memory. This type can be used for the act of storing in memory and the state of retaining that memory for some time; the two are not yet (rev837) distinguished in COSMO. This differs from the parent type 'PuttingIntoMemory' only in the length of time that information is kept in memory. The subsequent recalling from long-term memory into short term memory is represented as 'Remembering'. This Action need not be intense 'cramming' such when memorizing foreign languages, but can occur at any time that a Person (or animal) stores information in Memory, which can occur immediately on learning the thing. This is a subtype of Learning because one can learn and hold something in short-term memory, but forget it rapidly. Instances of this type occur when the information learned is in long-term memory and can be later recalled (see 'Remembering'). This Action is sometimes labeled by the term 'remember' (as in 'can you remember this number?'), though that word usually refers to recalling, represented by 'Remembering'. Other linguistic terms for this concept are: 'commit to memory', 'don't forget to ...' This is broader than the Cyc interpretation, On COSMO this type includes any kind of information that can be stored in long-term memory, including faces, the sound of a person's voice, odors, the color of things, phrases from a conversation, foreign words, etc.. 'He remembers the odor of benzene from his days in a chemistry lab.' Cyc: Commiting things like plays, musical text, phone numbers to memory. SUMO: The process of committing a Text to memory. The WordNet 'memorize' appears to be the intense deliberate memorizing that one does by repetition and practice when one wants to remember something accurately (represented as 'IntentionalMemorizing'), but this type is broader, including any remembering that occurs even without a deliberate effort. This is nevertheless an 'IntentionalmentalEvent' because it cannot occur without the stored information passing through short-term memory, and paying attention is an intentional act, even if the intention of memorizing is not present. Includes verb senses 1 of 'memorize' and part of sense 2 of 'remember' and sense 4 of 'retain' and noun sense 1 of 'memorization' in WordNet: 1. (6) memorize, memorise, con, learn - (commit to memory; learn by heart; 'Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?') WN 'remember' 2. (53) remember, think of - (keep in mind for attention or consideration; 'Remember the Alamo'; 'Remember to call your mother every day!'; 'Think of the starving children in India!') WN 'retain': 4. retain - (keep in one's mind; 'I cannot retain so much information') WN noun 'memorization': 1. (1) memorization, memorisation, committal to memory - (learning so as to be able to remember verbatim; 'the actor's memorization of his lines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingIntoMemory . :Memory :guid "bd58da47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "memory" ; :wnsense "memory1n" ; :wordnet "memory" ; a :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MentalInformation. Each instance of #$Memory is the propositional content of a mental state in which a person recalls past events. Most commonly those memories concern first-person experiences, but they may include recollections of anything that the person has learned in the past. COSMO note: This is the information stored in memory. When recalled, it is a 'RememberedThing' A computer's 'memory' is included in this type. Also note that memories of images are included in this type, which is a subtype of 'PropositionalInformationThing'. The ability to remember is represented as ' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'memory' in WordNet, which does not distinguish between a stored memory ('Memory') and one recalled.: in WordNet: 1. (25) memory - (something that is remembered; 'search as he would, the memory was lost') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalInformation . :Menace :wnsense "menace1n", "threat1n" ; :wordnet "menace", "threat" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Menace'' is a ''DangerousThing'' that ''performsAction''with object 'EndangeringSomething'' (or a .more specific subtype). This is more specific than merely being 'dangerous' and through the link to ''EndangeringSomething'' specifies the Thing to which the ''Menace'' poses a danger. NOTE: @ToDo: The use of ''presenceCauses'' pointing from this type to some kind of damaging event can add more specifics. Alternatively, to assert that something is dangerous (threatens, is a menace) to something, one can create a subAttribute of ''Dangerous'' specifying the thing that it is dangerous to, as in 'DangerousToPeopleNearby' and assert that some specific object has that property. Needs more consideration, possibly a new relation (but what?). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'menace' in WordNet: 1. (8) menace, threat - (something that is a source of danger; 'earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EndangeringSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Menarche :wnsense "menarche1n" ; :wordnet "menarche" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Menarche'' is the first instance of ''Menstruating'' in a particular Animal (usually applied to human females). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'menarche' in WordNet: 1. (4) menarche - (the first occurrence of menstruation in a woman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Menstruating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Initial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Mendelevium :guid "bf0f5e73-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "101"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Md1n", "Mv2n", "atomic number 1011n", "mendelevium1n" ; :wordnet "Md", "Mv", "atomic number 101", "mendelevium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Mendelevium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mendelevium' in WordNet: 1. mendelevium, Md, Mv, atomic number 101 - (a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium but Mv was formerly the symbol)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Mender :wnsense "fixer3n", "mender1n", "repairer1n" ; :wordnet "fixer", "mender", "repairer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this ''Mender'' is for anyone who has mended something or routinely mends something, but someone who is called a ''Mender'' should be skilled at some activity, though it need not be the only skill nor a highly developed skill. The subtype ''Handyman'' will usually have more than one skill, but not practice that exclusively. The subtype ''Repairman'' should be used for someone who repairs things as a primary activity, perhaps as an employed occupation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mender' in WordNet: 1. mender, repairer, fixer - (a skilled worker who mends or repairs things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkilledWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepairingEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :MendingFabric :ldoce "mend" ; :wnsense "mend1v" ; :wordnet "mend" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RepairingEvent specifically directed at restoring some fabric that has been worn or damaged. For the more general 'mending' of broken artifacts, use 'RepairingEvent'. This is *NOT* a medical 'mending' which is a 'HealingEvent'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mend' in WordNet: 1. mend, patch, darn - (sewing that repairs a worn or torn hole (especially in a garment); 'her stockings had several mends') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModifyingAnArtifact, :RepairingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRepaired ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Fabric :ClothingItem :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :Meninges :guid "c033a5f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "meninges1n", "meninx1n" ; :wordnet "meninges", "meninx" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all meninges, of which there are three protectively surrounding each person's #$CentralNervousSystem. The three #$Meninges lie within the #$Skull (for that portion which covers the #$Brain) and consist of the #$DuraMater on the outside, the #$ArachnoidMater in the middle and the #$PiaMater coating the #$Brain and #$SpinalCord. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meninges' in Wordnet: 1. meninx, meninges - (a membrane (one of 3) that envelops the brain and spinal cord) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :Sac-Organic, :SheetOfSomeStuff . :Menopause :guid "c0fd6923-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "menopause1n" ; :wordnet "menopause" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The event in which a human woman stops going through a menstrual cycle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'menopause' in Wordnet: 1. menopause, climacteric, change of life - (the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalProcess . :Menorah :wnsense "menorah1n" ; :wordnet "menorah" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Menorah'' is a ''Candelabrum'' with nine branches (each having a ''Socket'' for a candle), used during the Hanukkak celebration.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'menorah' in WordNet: 2. menorah - ((Judaism) a candelabrum with nine branches; used during the Hanukkah festival) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Candelabrum, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "9" ; owl:hasValue :Candle ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "9"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:hasValue :Socket ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ] . :MensClothing :guid "bd5902fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Clothing-Generic. Each specialization of #$MensClothing is a type of clothing item worn usually by men. Specializations of #$MensClothing include #$Tuxedo and #$MensJockeyUnderwear.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing . :MensRoom :wnsense "men's room1n" ; :wordnet "men's room" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PublicRestroom designated for use by men (and not women). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'restroom' in WordNet: 1. men's room, men's - (a public toilet for men) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicRestroom . :Menstruating :guid "bd58c63b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "catamenia1n", "flow7n", "flow7v", "menses1n", "menstruate1v", "menstruation1n", "menstruum2n", "period5n" ; :wordnet "catamenia", "flow", "menses", "menstruate", "menstruation", "menstruum", "period" ; a :RecurringActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Menstruating'' occurs approximately monthly in humans, but may differ in timing in other primates. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'menstruate' in WordNet: 1. menstruate, flow - (undergo menstruation; 'She started menstruating at the age of 11') WN noun 'menstruation': 1. menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, period, flow - (the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; 'the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation'; 'a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped' - Hippocrates; 'the semen begins to appear in males and to be emitted at the same time of life that the catamenia begin to flow in females'--Aristotle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bleeding, :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, :RecurringAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleMammal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Mental :contrastsWith :Bodily ; :pertainsTo :Mind ; :wnsense "mental1adj", "mental2adj" ; :wordnet "mental" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Mental' is the attribute of something that pertains to a Person's mind. This is broadly used to describe processes, objects, and effects that occur in or affect the mind, as contrasted to those that those that primarily affect the body ('Bodily'). Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'mental' in WordNet: 1. (12) mental - (involving the mind or an intellectual process; 'mental images of happy times'; 'mental calculations'; 'in a terrible mental state'; 'mental suffering'; 'free from mental defects') 2. (4) mental - (of or relating to the mind; 'mental powers'; 'mental development'; 'mental hygiene') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MentalComfort :wnsense "comfort2n" ; :wordnet "comfort" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The absence of a worry intense enough to cause distraction from ordinary activities in life. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 2. (5) comfort - (a feeling of freedom from worry or disappointment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comfort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worry ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :MentalDevelopment :en "mental development" ; :enn "mental development" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MentalDevelopment'' is the increase in ability of a Person to perform mental activities that require some degree of human general ''Intelligence'', which has multiple contributing abilities. This includes social abilities that enable a Person to function well within a society and learn from others. No definition found in WN or RHW """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :Progressing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :improves ; owl:someValuesFrom :Intelligence ] . :MentalDistress :wnsense "distress1n" ; :wordnet "distress" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MentalDistress' is a PhysiologicalCondition (a PersistentState) in which an Agent has a feeling that is unpleasant in a manner analogous to physical Pain (see 'PainOrAche'), but which is caused by mental events rather than physical events that affect the body. This could also be termed 'Mental Pain', but 'Pain' in COSMO is used for physical pain. All mental events originate in the Mind (therefore in the brain), though influenced by events outside the brain. There can be physical events in the brain that cause physical pain that are not instances of MentalDistress, such as headache. This type subsumes all levels of MentalDistress, from Disappointment to Sadness to severe depression. Approximately equivalent to Cyc 'Distress': Cyc: Extremely troubled; mentally confused, distracted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'distress' in WordNet: 1. (4) distress, hurt, suffering - (psychological suffering; 'the death of his wife caused him great distress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mind ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :MentalEvent :guid "bd588615-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "psychological feature1n" ; :wordnet "psychological feature" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: name changed in COSMO. In Cyc this is 'AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent'. Cyc: A collection of events. Each instance of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent is an event involving the mental functions of a participant or group of participants (see #$actors) in that event. The collection includes such things as dreaming, perceiving, sensing, theorizing about something, having a realization, making a decision, building something, designing something, and consciously carrying out a task. Note that the above list includes both purposeful events and non-purposeful events that involve mental functions. Note also that any event that has a mental component is also an instance of this collection, so that events like preparing lunch would be classified as instances of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. In entering knowledge, it is almost always possible and preferable to use one of the specializations of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. If an event seems mostly mental in nature, modulo neurons firing and related brain activity, use #$StrictlyMentalEvent or one of its specializations. If it essentially involves both mental and physical activity, see #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent or #$PurposefulPhysicalAction. For mental events that are intentionally and purposefully performed, see the specialization #$PurposefulMentalActivity. COSMO note: this appears to be similar to SUMO 'PsychologicalProcess', which is a subtype of Event. SUMO: A BiologicalProcess which takes place in the mind or brain of an Organism and which may be manifested in the behavior of the Organism. **NOTE** that in addition to ''MentalEvent'' in COSMO the sister type ''MentalSituation-SingleSubject'' is defined. ''MentalEvent'' is intendd to be used for rthings that are ''Action''s, that change something. The MentalSituation-SingleSubject'' is untended to be used for 'conditions' that have more of a continous character, such as ''Feeling'' and ''MentalIllness''. **NOTE** that there is a distinction between ''Action''s that are purely mental and those that include both mental and physical actions. The combined mental and physical Actions are represented under ''CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent'', following the CYC taxonomy. Actions that are 'purely mental' are all the *other* subtypes of ''MentalEvent'' that are not under ''CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent''. It is possible to make this dichotomy clearer by adding a type 'PurelyMentalEvent' but at this point (rev1377) that aggregation does not seem necessary. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'psychological feature' in WordNet: 1. psychological feature - (a feature of the mental life of a living organism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :MentalSituation . :MentalHospital :wnsense "asylum2n", "funny farm1n", "funny house1n", "insane asylum1n", "institution5n", "loony bin1n", "madhouse1n", "mental home1n", "mental hospital1n", "nut house1n", "nuthouse1n", "psychiatric hospital1n", "snake pit1n" ; :wordnet "asylum", "funny farm", "funny house", "insane asylum", "institution", "loony bin", "madhouse", "mental home", "mental hospital", "nut house", "nuthouse", "psychiatric hospital", "snake pit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MentalHospital'' is a ''HospitalBuilding'' that houses,cares for, and treats mentally ill people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mental hospital' in WordNet: 1. mental hospital, psychiatric hospital, mental institution, institution, mental home, insane asylum, asylum - (a hospital for mentally incompetent or unbalanced person) 1. Bedlam, booby hatch, crazy house, cuckoo's nest, funny farm, funny house, loony bin, madhouse, nut house, nuthouse, sanatorium, snake pit - (pejorative terms for an insane asylum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HospitalBuilding . :MentalIllness :wnsense "mental disease1n", "mental illness1n", "psychopathy1n" ; :wordnet "mental disease", "mental illness", "psychopathy" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MentalIllness'' is a broad category of ''AilmentCondition''s in which the mind (i.e. the brain) is not functioning normally so as to produce irrational behavior. NOTE: this is categorized as a 'HumanIllness'', as it is salient predominantly in discusions of human mental illness. When references to 'mad dogs' or other types of non-human mental malfunction are needed, they can be categorized as the more generic 'AilmentCondition'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mental illness' in Wordnet: 1. mental illness, mental disease, psychopathy - (any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanIllness, :MentalSituation-SingleSubject . :MentalIllusion :en "mental illusion" ; :wnsense "illusion1n", "semblance2n" ; :wordnet "illusion", "semblance" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MentalIlllusion'' is a ''MentalStillImage'' created in the brain by an ''OpticalMisperception'' that is caused by an ''OpticalIllusion''. This is the picture apersonimagines that /he perceived when the perception is a ''OpticalMisperception''. NOTE: for the 'Illusion' that is a FalseBelief, use type ''Illusion''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'illusion' in WordNet: 1. (23) illusion, semblance - (an erroneous mental representation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalStillImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpticalMisperception ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :MentalImagery :en "mental images" ; :guid "bd58cd68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "internal representation1n", "mental representation1n", "representation1n" ; :wordnet "internal representation", "mental representation", "representation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the abstract representation of some kind of abstract 'imagery' of things seen or imagined, remembered, imagined, or otherwise or created in the mind, represented by neural patterns in the Brain,and located there. This can be one ''MentalStillImage''or a series of images possibly with accompanying sound and other sensory sensations. The most vivid type of ''MentalImagery'' is the subtype''Dream''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'representation' in WordNet: 1. (10) representation, mental representation, internal representation - (a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :MentalInformation :en "mental information" ; :enn "mental information" ; :guid "bd58daca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this can include information in a computer. CYC: A specialization of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each instance of #$MentalInformation is the propositional content of a specific mental state (for example, a memory or a sensory perception) of an individual person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropositionalInformationThing . :MentalObject :FIBO "Concept" ; :wnsense "cognitive content1n", "content5n", "mental object1n" ; :wordnet "cognitive content", "content", "mental object" ; a :MentalObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MentalObject is an Object that does not have mass and was created by an IntelligentAgent (usually a Person.or Organization). This is a very broad and primitive category comprehensible mostly by inspection of a list of subtypes. Since this is not physical, instances of this Type are not observable, but physical representations of instances of this Type (such as a specific copy of 'Gone With the Wind') can be weighed and felt. Abstract texts, musical compositions, propositions, theories, plays, poems, speeches, rights - all are MentalObjects. They will invariably have a physical representation in some PhysicalObject (including brains, light waves and sound waves). But the MentalObject itself has no physical (material) component. This corresponds closely to what in some systems (e.g. the Ontology Works top ontology) is called an 'AbstractArtifact' - something created by a Person that is not a PhysicalObject. We adopt the convention that an individual MentalObject exists only so long as there is some PhysicalObject that represents it. That PhysicalObject could be the brain of a Person, some sound or electromagnetic waves encoding that MentalObject, or some piece of paper with markings on it. When the last physical object representing that MentalObject ceases to exist, that MentalObject also ceases to exist. A new MentalObject indistinguishable from a previously existing one can always be created (even by the original creator), but it would be a different individual with a different identity. NOTE that a MentalObject is a subtype of 'AbstractEntity', but we adopt the convention that it can hava a location in space-time, being the collection of locations where its physical representations are located. Thus a Belief or a Proposition may be located in the brain of one or more IntelligentAgents, or in physical documents describing the belief symbolically. This 'location' differs from the location of any individual physical object, because the location is the collection of all physical objects containing representations of the Mental Object. This notion of 'abstract' is not the same as the traditional 'abstract' which cannot be located in space-time. Other subtypes of 'AbstractEntity' such as MathematicalObjects will be more traditionally abstract in that way. An idiosyncratic 'location' for a MentalObject is the location of a GeopoliticalEntity, which is located in the region controlled by the GeopoliticalEntity. Equivalent to the Cyc #$Artifact-Intangible OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A specialization of both #$IntangibleIndividual and #$Artifact-Generic. Each instance of #$Artifact-Intangible is an intangible thing intentionally created by an agent or agents. Important specializations of #$Artifact-Intangible include #$ComputerLanguage, #$ConceptualWork, and #$Agreement. Approximately similar to FIBO 'Concept', with some exceptions for subtypes: Def: 'An idea or notion; a unit of thought.' FIBO subtypes are 'bibliographic citation'; 'Content type'; 'MIME media type'; 'organization'; 'specification'; and 'specification family'. Of these, 'bibliographic citation' seems problematic, being in COSMO lexical string, but in FIBO a 'format' for bibliographic citations. 'Content type'; and 'MIME media type' need more investigation; they appear to be subtypes of 'specification'. The others are subtypes of MentalObject in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mental object' in WordNet: 1. content, cognitive content, mental object - (the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned) """, """A MentalObject is an Object that does not have mass and was created by a Person. Abstract texts, musical compositions, propositions, theories, plays, poems, speeches - all are MentalObjects. They will invariably have a physical representation in some PhysicalObject (including brains, light waves and sound waves). But the MentalObject itself has no physical (material) component. This corresponds closely to what in some systems (e.g. the Ontology Works top ontology) is called an 'AbstractArtifact' - something created by a Person that is not a PhysicalObject. We adopt the convention that an individual MentalObject exists only so long as there is some PhysicalObject that represents it. That PhysicalObject could be the brain of a Person, some sound or electromagnetic waves encoding that MentalObject, or some piece of paper with markings on it. When the last physical object representing that MentalObject ceases to exist, that MentalObject also ceases to exist. A new MentalObject indistinguishable from a previously existing one can always be created (even by the original creator), but it would be a different individual with a different identity. Equivalent to the Cyc #$Artifact-Intangible OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A specialization of both #$IntangibleIndividual and #$Artifact-Generic. Each instance of #$Artifact-Intangible is an intangible thing intentionally created by an agent or agents. Important specializations of #$Artifact-Intangible include #$ComputerLanguage, #$ConceptualWork, and #$Agreement.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :Artifact-Generic, :IntangibleIndividual, :Object ; owl:disjointWith :PhysicalObject . :MentalObjectGroup a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MentalObjectGroup is a Group consisting solely of MentalObjects.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalObject :MentalObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MentalObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"MentalObjectType\" is a metatype which is a specialization of 'AbstractObjectType' that can serve as type for ''MentalObject''s, i.e. ''AbstractObject''s created by an intelligent agent (usually a Person, but it could be a computer) that contains information in any form (text, graphical, propositions). Rules (laws, theories, documents, graphical images of which there are physical representations) and an argument restriction for various relations on such things. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObjectType . :MentalReception :wnsense "reception1n", "response4n" ; :wordnet "reception", "response" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MentalReception'' is an instance of a MentalEvent that is a response to some Event - receiving information, or some social interaction. This ''MentalReception'' is both a MentalEvent - some mentalactivity responding to an Event,and also some Action taken by the responder, indicating the MentalState (perhaps an emotion) caused by perceving the Event. The Action taken could be a minimal a raising one's eyebrows or roling one's eyes, or something said. Generically such a ''MentalReception''might be described as a 'cold reception' or 'warm reception', or something more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reception' in WordNet: 1. (4) reception, response - (the manner in which something is greeted; 'she did not expect the cold reception she received from her superiors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :MentalSituation :guid "bee2989e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Every 'MentalSituation' is an Event, Process, or State that occurs in some Mind. Since every Mind is located in a Brain, MentalSituations also must occur in some Brain (meaning in some animal). Cyc: A specialization of #$Situation. Each instance of #$MentalSituation is a mental situation such as a person seeing the color red, or believing that his enemies control the CIA, or desiring that Fidel Castro shave his beard. An important subcollection of this collection is #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent whice is the collection of mental situations that are events, such as thinking about something or tasting something. Other instances of #$MentalSituation are more long-standing and stable, and hence also instances of #$StaticSituation, e.g., believing something, or having some goal. Cf. #$MentalSituationFn. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationProcessEventOrState . :MentalSituation-SingleSubject :guid "c08529b5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MentalSituation (q.v.) each instance of which has a single agent (normally an #$IndividualAgent) as its subject . A subject in this sense is an agent who has, undergoes, experiences, entertains, or performs the mental situation, as the case may be. Instances of #$MentalSituation-SingleSubject can be mental _events_ (see #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent) such as acts of perception or mental _states_ (see #$MentalState) such as Alice's loving Bob. This collection excludes any mental situations that have more than one subject, such as (perhaps) an event of mutual recognition between two people, as well as any mental situations that have no proper subject at all, such as (perhaps) an event of mass hysteria or a state involving the Jungian collective unconscious . It of course does not exclude a given mental situation merely because it happens to _involve_ more than one agent; Alice's loving Bob involves two people, but Alice is nevertheless its only subject. The two notable specializations of this collection are #$IntentionalMentalSituation and #$StateOfUnconsciousness.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalSituation . :MentalState :wnsense "cognitive state1n", "frame of mind1n", "mental state1n", "psychological state1n", "state of mind1n", "state of mind2n" ; :wordnet "cognitive state", "frame of mind", "mental state", "psychological state", "state of mind" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState that is a MentalEvent. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'state of mind' and sense 1 of 'mental state' in WordNet: 1. state of mind, frame of mind - (a temporary psychological state) 2. cognitive state, state of mind - (the state of a person's cognitive processes) WN noun 'mental state': 1. psychological state, mental state - ((psychology) a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic; 'a manic state') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectCondition, :PersistentState, :StrictlyMentalEvent ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:StrictlyMentalEvent :PersistentState ) ] . :MentalStillImage :ldoce "image" ; :wnsense "image1n", "mental image1n" ; :wordnet "image", "mental image" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'image' in WordNet: 1. (31) image, mental image - (an iconic mental representation; 'her imagination forced images upon her too awful to contemplate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalImagery, :MentalObject . :MentalStructure :wnsense "arrangement3n", "organisation1n", "organization2n", "structure3n", "system6n" ; :wordnet "arrangement", "organisation", "organization", "structure", "system" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MentalStructure'' is the ''arrangement'' of a Person's knowledge about some topic that is organized as concepts and relations among them, and is represented in the brain of that Person and possibly physically represented in some physical document. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'arrangement' in WordNet: 3. (4) arrangement, organization, organisation, system - (an organized structure for arranging or classifying; 'he changed the arrangement of the topics'; 'the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original'; 'he tried to understand their system of classification') WN noun 'structure': 3. (7) structure - (the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; 'his lectures have no structure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowledgeOrganizationSystem . :MentalTelepathy :en "mental telepathy" ; :enn "mental telepathy" ; :wnsense "telepathy1n", "thought transference1n" ; :wordnet "telepathy", "thought transference" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MentalTelepathy'' is a ''PsychicCommunication'' in which a person with ''Psychical' ability sends linguistic information or receives linguistic information from another Person (or Animal??) solely using the mind, with no other physical or sensory means. NOTE: 'mental telepathy' is not in WN, but is in RHW as a synonym of 'telepathy'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telepathy' in WordNet: 1. (1) telepathy, thought transference - (apparent communication from one mind to another without using sensory perceptions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychicCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mind ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :MentalTestProcedure :ldoce "test" ; :wnsense "test1n" ; :wordnet "test" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MentalTestProcedure' is a TestProcedure for testing some mental attributes of an Animal, such as intelligence, knowledge, or skill. The procedure can test ability to perfrom some actions,and is not necessarily a written test. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'test' in WordNet: 1. (103) test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test - (any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; 'the test was standardized on a large sample of students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TestProcedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MentalTesting ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :MentalTesting :ldoce "test" ; :wnsense "test1n" ; :wordnet "test" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MentalTesting' is an Action in which one or more tests are performed to measure some mental attribute or motor skill of the subject, which may be a Non-human Animal. Each instance is an execution of a 'MentalTestProcedure'. Corresponds only approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'test' in WordNet: 1. (103) test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test - (any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; 'the test was standardized on a large sample of students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TestingEvent . :MentalTrauma :wnsense "psychic trauma1n", "trauma2n" ; :wordnet "psychic trauma", "trauma" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MentalTrauma'' is an 'AilmentCondition of a Person that has experienced a 'traumatic' Event that has caused long-lasting effects that hinder normal mental functioning to some extent. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trauma' in WordNet: 2. trauma, psychic trauma - (an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalIllness . :Mentally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Mental ; :wnsense "mentally1adv" ; :wordnet "mentally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mentally'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an adjective (AttributeValue) and specifies that the adjective is to be taken as 'with respect to the mind': 'mentally deficient'; 'mentally retarded'. It an also be used as a sentence modifier, 'in the mind' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'mentally' in WordNet: 1. (6) mentally - (in your mind; 'he suffered mentally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :MentallyIll :wnsense "mentally ill1adj", "unsound4adj", "unstable4adj" ; :wordnet "mentally ill", "unsound", "unstable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mentally ill' in Wordnet: 1. (1) mentally ill, unsound, unstable - (suffering from severe mental illness; 'of unsound mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sick . :MentallyPrepared :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :TrainingAnAgent ; :wnsense "prepared3n" ; :wordnet "prepared" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prepared'' is an AttributeValue of a Agent that experienced a ''PreparingForSituation'' Action of some kind study, practice, or drill, and is intellectally ''Ready'' to perform some task. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'prepared' and sense 2 of 'trained' in Wordnet: 3. prepared - (equipped or prepared with necessary intellectual resources; 'graduates well equipped to handle such problems'; 'equipped to be a scholar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ready, :Taught . :Mention :ldoce "mention" ; :wnsense "mention1n", "reference1n" ; :wordnet "mention", "reference" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Mention' is a Proposition (a MentalObject) that is part of the content ('Meaning') of a communication or a text, but is not necessarily the main topic. The restriction requires that both the ''Mentioning'' text and the thing mentioned must be specified. In WordNet, a 'mention' is a communication, but in COSMO this type is the abstract propositional content of a communication, not the act of communicating. Corresponds indirectly (though the type differs) to noun sense 1 of 'mention' in WordNet: 1. (8) mention, reference - (a remark that calls attention to something or someone; 'she made frequent mention of her promotion'; 'there was no mention of it'; 'the speaker made several references to his wife') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Communication :TextPart ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Mentioning ] . :Mentioning :wnsense "advert3v", "bring up7v", "cite1v", "cite2v", "discuss1v", "mention1v", "mention3v", "name7v", "note1v", "observe2v", "refer1v", "remark1v" ; :wordnet "advert", "bring up", "cite", "discuss", "mention", "name", "note", "observe", "refer", "remark" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Mentioning'' is an AssertingEvent in which an Agent asserts something about a particular Topic, in any linguistic medium, at any length. This action produces an instance of ''Mention''. The ''Topic'' mentioned could be anything at all. Sense 2 of 'mention' is a subtype of this ''MakingaRemark''. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'mention' and sense 1 of 'discuss' in WordNet: 1. (62) mention, advert, bring up, cite, name, refer - (make reference to; 'His name was mentioned in connection with the invention') 3. (6) mention, cite - (commend; 'he was cited for his outstanding achievements') WN verb 'discuss': 1. (58) discourse, talk about, discuss - (to consider or examine in speech or writing; 'The article covered all the different aspects of this question'; 'The class discussed Dante's ''Inferno'' ) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Mention ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mentionsTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Mentoring :eng "mentoring" ; :wnsense "mentor1v" ; :wordnet "mentor" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''Guiding'' in which the mentor guiding the other Person is not the classroom instructor, is often older and wiser, and typically serves as a supplement to formal instruction, being 'a wise and trusted counselor or teacher.'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mentor' in Wordnet: 1. mentor - (serve as a teacher or trusted counselor; 'The famous professor mentored him during his years in graduate school'; 'She is a fine lecturer but she doesn't like mentoring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuidingSomething, :GuidingaPerson . :Menu :wnsense "bill of fare1n", "card9n", "carte du jour1n", "carte1n", "menu1n" ; :wordnet "bill of fare", "card", "carte", "carte du jour", "menu" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Menu''is a 'ListOfAlternatives' in which the 'entries', are ''DishOfFood''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'menu' in WordNet: 1. (1) menu, bill of fare, card, carte du jour, carte - (a list of dishes available at a restaurant; \"the menu was in French\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ListOfAlternatives, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DishOfFood ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :Merak a :Star . :MercantileOrganization :isaSynonymOf :SellingOrganization ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The approximate SUMO equivalent for 'SellingOrganization'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Merchandise :en "wares" ; :wnsense "merchandise1n", "product1n", "ware2n" ; :wordnet "merchandise", "product", "ware" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Merchandise'' is an 'ObjectGroup' each element of which is a 'ProductObject' that is available for sale, usually used for the products from one supplier, whether producer,wholesaler, or retailer. NOTE that each instance of this is a Group of objects, not just one Object (unless a Merchant only has one for sale) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merchandise' in WordNet: 1. (4) merchandise, ware, product - (commodities offered for sale; 'good business depends on having good merchandise'; 'that store offers a variety of products') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ProductObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heterogeneous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForSale ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Merchandising :wnsense "merchandise1v", "trade1v" ; :wordnet "merchandise", "trade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'merchandise' in WordNet: 1. (1) trade, merchandise - (engage in the trade of; 'he is merchandising telephone sets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Supplier ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :Merchant :wnsense "merchant1n" ; :wordnet "merchant" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person involved in the ownership, management, and/or execution of a retail sales business. To be a ''Merchant'' one must sell some ''ProductObject''s and those must come from the merchant's ''Stock'' (inventory of merchandise the Merchant has available for sale, not necessarily owned by that merchant). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merchant' in WordNet: 1. (8) merchant, merchandiser - - (a businessperson engaged in retail trade) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Selling ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stock ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :Mercury :guid "bd58994d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "80"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Hg1n", "hydrargyrum1n", "mercury1n", "quicksilver1n" ; :wordnet "Hg", "hydrargyrum", "mercury", "quicksilver" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element ''Mercury''. In CYC it is a 'piece' of Mercury,but in COSMO a substance. CYC A piece of mercury; this is usually a liquid, at least here on Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mercury' in WordNet: 1. (13) mercury, quicksilver, hydrargyrum, Hg, atomic number 80 - (a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :ElectricalConductor, :LiquidSubstance, :ToxicSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Mercury-Planet :hasMassInGrams "0.3302E27"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "Mercury3n" ; :wordnet "Mercury" ; a :NonEarthSolarPlanet ; rdfs:comment """After 2010 was reclassified as not a true ''Planet''!!!! Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mercury' in Wordnet: 3. Mercury - (the smallest planet and the nearest to the sun) """ . :Mercy :causes :Forbearance ; :wnsense "mercy1n", "mercy2n", "mercy3n" ; :wordnet "mercy" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling disposing a person to be kind and forgiving of others. Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'mercy' in WordNet: 1. (4) clemency, mercifulness, mercy - (leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice; 'he threw himself on the mercy of the court') 2. (2) mercifulness, mercy - (a disposition to be kind and forgiving; 'in those days a wife had to depend on the mercifulness of her husband') 3. (1) mercifulness, mercy - (the feeling that motivates compassion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lenience . :Mere :en "a mere", "merely a" ; :wnsense "mere1adj" ; :wordnet "mere" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mere'' modifies some type to specify that the instance categorized is it truly is of that type and not of any contrasting type. in usage 'a mere' and 'erely a' mean about the same thing See ''only'' for the adverbial form Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mere' in WordNet: 1. (22) mere - (being nothing more than specified; \"a mere child\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Meretricious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposition ; :wnsense "gilded2adj", "meretricious3adj", "specious1adj" ; :wordnet "gilded", "meretricious", "specious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Meretricious'' is intentionally deceptive and insincere, used especially of 'meretricious arguments'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'meretricious' in Wordnet: 3. gilded, meretricious, specious - (based on pretense; deceptively pleasing; 'the gilded and perfumed but inwardly rotten nobility'; 'meretricious praise'; 'a meretricious argument') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insincere . :Merit :takesValue :AttractivenessValue ; :wnsense "merit1n", "virtue1n" ; :wordnet "merit", "virtue" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Virtue'' is an AttributeType that includes any attribute that is considered 'Good' (for some agent, for any purpose) - synonymous with'merit' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merit' in WordNet: 1. (3) merit, virtue - (any admirable quality or attribute; 'work of great merit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Virtue . :Mermaid :guid "bf0c6581-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mermaid1n" ; :wordnet "mermaid" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A mythological being which lives in the sea and has the upper body of a woman and the lower parts of a fish. The male counterpart is the #$Merman. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mermaid' in WordNet: 1. (1) mermaid - (half woman and half fish; lives in the sea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemaleAnimal, :IntelligentAgent, :MythicalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StunninglyBeautiful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Merman :guid "bdf2ba4b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "merman2n" ; :wordnet "merman" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mythological being which lives in the sea and has the upper body of a man and the lower parts of a fish. The female counterpart is the #$Mermaid. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'merman' in WordNet: 2. merman - (half man and half fish; lives in the sea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :MaleAnimal, :MythicalThing . :Merriment :ldoce "fun" ; :wnsense "gaiety1n", "merriment1n" ; :wordnet "gaiety", "merriment" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Merriment' is the emotion experienced when one finds something very enjoyable or amusing, to the point where they smile or laugh. This is a higher level of good feeling than just 'having a good time'. This usually occurs for intervals of time that are more than just momentary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merriment' and sense 1 of 'gaiety' in Wordnet: WN 'merriment' 1. (2) gaiety, merriment - (a gay feeling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Entertained-Emotion . :Merry :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Merriment ; :isTheOppositeOf :Sad ; :ldoce "merry" ; :wnsense "gay2adj", "jolly1adj", "jovial1adj", "merry1adj", "mirthful1adj" ; :wordnet "gay", "jolly", "jovial", "merry", "mirthful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Merriment. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'merry' in WordNet: 1. (4) gay, jocund, jolly, jovial, merry, mirthful - (full of or showing high-spirited merriment; 'when hearts were young and gay'; 'a poet could not but be gay, in such a jocund company'- Wordsworth; 'the jolly crowd at the reunion'; 'jolly old Saint Nick'; 'a jovial old gentleman'; 'have a merry Christmas'; 'peals of merry laughter'; 'a mirthful laugh') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Happy . :Merrymaking :wnsense "conviviality2n", "jollification1n", "merrymaking1n" ; :wordnet "conviviality", "jollification", "merrymaking" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Merrymaking'' is a ''Celebration'' involving more than one Person that causes ''Enjoyment'' for (usually most) of the participants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'merrymaking' in WordNet: 1. (1) merrymaking, conviviality, jollification - (a boisterous celebration; a merry festivity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Celebration, :PleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoyment ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Mesa :guid "be00fc55-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mesa1n", "table4n" ; :wordnet "mesa", "table" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A hill with steep sides and a flat top, found in arid climates. *BUT* RHW says a 'mesa' is 'extensive than a plateau'.??? RHW: a land formation, less extensive than a plateau, having steep walls and a relatively flat top and common in arid and semiarid parts of the southwestern U.S. and Mexico. NOTE: CYC has a ''Mesa'' categorized as a 'Hill' whereas WN has a ''Butte'' categorized as a flat-topped 'hill'. Perhaps if a ''Mesa'' is small enough to be tought of as a ''Hill'' it would be a ''\"Butte''?? What is the minimum width for a ''Mesa'' and the maximum width for a ''Butte''??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mesa' in WordNet: 1. mesa, table - (flat tableland with steep edges; 'the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hill, :Plateau, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steep-sided ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-topped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MesaVerdeCactus :en "mesa verde cactus" ; :guid "bff83022-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cactus . :Mescaline :guid "bd58c565-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mescaline1n", "peyote2n" ; :wordnet "mescaline", "peyote" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hallucinogenic drug derived from Peyote cactus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mescaline' in WordNet: 1. mescaline, peyote - (the hallucinatory alkaloid that is the active agent in mescal buttons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkaloid, :Hallucinogen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peyote ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Mesh :guid "be010622-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "net" ; :wnsense "mesh4n", "meshing1n", "meshwork1n", "net2n", "net3n", "net6n", "network3n" ; :wordnet "mesh", "meshing", "meshwork", "net", "network" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any crisscrossed Network of strings, fibers, wires, or ropes that have visible pores between the component fibers. This is a general net, from relatively fine fish nets for fish tanks, large seines for fishing fleets, butterfly nets, and similar devices. The substance of which this type of Object consists is represented as ''Netting''. Called 'Net-Filter' in Cyc: Cyc: Nets ; used to filter out relatively large objects from a fluid such as air or water, or contain objects which are too large to fit through the holes in the netting. This is very general, but some specific subtypes such as a 'hairnet' are not directly included here, and may be added in extensions. Includes senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'net' and sense 3 of 'network' and sense 4 of 'mesh' in WordNet: 2. (2) net - (a trap made of netting to catch fish or birds or insects) 6. net, network, mesh, meshing, meshwork - (an open fabric of string or rope or wire woven together at regular intervals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :Filter, :GameEquipment, :PhysicalWeb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Netting ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Message :ldoce "message" ; :wnsense "communication2n", "info1n", "information1n", "message1n", "message2n" ; :wordnet "communication", "info", "information", "message" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Message is an AbstractDocument that is sent through some medium from a sender (which may be a group of people) to one or more recipients. This is an abstract object, typically represented in text, but possibly in signs or even in behavior or gestures.. ?@ToDo: several means of sending messages - do we need a general 'message transmission method'?? Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'message' and noun sense 2 of 'communication; in WordNet: 1. (20) message - (a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled; 'he sent a three-word message') 2. (11) message, content, subject matter, substance - (what a communication that is about something is about) WN noun 'communication': 2. (9) communication - (something that is communicated by or to or between people or groups) WN noun 'info': 1. information, info - (a message received and understood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InformationTransferEvent :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Information ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :MessageLog :wnsense "log4n" ; :wordnet "log" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'log' in WordNet: 4. log - (a written record of messages sent or received; 'they kept a log of all transmission by the radio station'; 'an email log') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenLog, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LogBook ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Message ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Messenger :ldoce "messenger" ; :wnsense "messenger1n" ; :wordnet "messenger" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Messenger is a Person that carries and transmits a Message from one person to another. Information can be transmitted by means other than a 'Messenger'. NOTE that this is a 'HumanRole', so angels are not included (as messengers from God). except in a metaphorical sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'messenger' in WordNet: 1. (7) messenger, courier - (a person who carries a message) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConveyingInformation ] . :MessengerRNA :en "messenger RNA" ; :enn "messenger RNA" ; :guid "be29d568-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MessengerRNA'' is the subtype of ''RNA'' that is produced from DNA and and translated into protein on a ribosome. This is the intermediate step in the \" DNA -> RNA -> protein \" process used by cells to make proteins for any of many cellular functions. A ''MessengerRNA'' molecule carries the information ('message') of the protein structural sequence from the DNA of the genome to the robosome where it is translated into a protein molecule. CYC: #$MessengerRNA is the collection of #$RNAMolecules that direct the synthesis of proteins in the process of #$Translation-RNAToProtein. They are transcribed from a portion of a #$DNAMolecule during #$Transcription-DNAToRNA. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RNA . :MessingSomethingUp :wnsense "mess2v", "muss1v" ; :wordnet "mess", "muss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MessingSomethingUp'' is an Event in which some Object goes from being ''Tidy'' (neat) to ''Untidy'' (Messy) This type of Event is broadly aplicable to any Event that increases the level of disorder of an Object. Includes verb sense 2 of 'mess' and sense 1of 'muss' in WordNet: 2. mess, mess up - (make a mess of or create disorder in; 'He messed up his room') WN verb 'muss' : 1. muss, tussle - (make messy or untidy; 'the child mussed up my hair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisorderingChange ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Untidy ; owl:onProperty :mayCauseObjectToBecome ] . :MetaCarpus :guid "bf8030e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "metacarpus1n" ; :wordnet "metacarpus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: the part of a hand or forelimb, esp. of its bony structure, included between the wrist, or carpus, and the fingers, or phalanges Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metacarpus' in WordNet: 1. metacarpus - (the part of the hand between the carpus and phalanges) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoneStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Metacarpal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MetaClass a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A class all of whose instances are classes." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Type . :MetaTarsal :guid "c0e41515-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "metatarsal1n" ; :wordnet "metatarsal" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MetaTarsal'' is a in the foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metatarsal' in WordNet: 1. metatarsal - (any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, :LongBone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootSole ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnkleAndToe ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :MetaTarsus :guid "bdafeb04-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "metatarsus1n" ; :wordnet "metatarsus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metatarsus' in WordNet: 1. metatarsus - (the skeleton of the human foot between the toes and the tarsus; the corresponding part of the foot in birds or of the hind foot in quadrupeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoneStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MetaTarsal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Metabolic :pertainsTo :MetabolicDisorder, :Metabolizing ; :wnsense "metabolic1adj" ; :wordnet "metabolic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metabolic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) metabolic - (of or relating to metabolism; 'metabolic rate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MetabolicDisorder :wnsense "metabolic disorder1n" ; :wordnet "metabolic disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MetabolicDisorder'' is a subtype of 'AilmentCondition' that is not necessarily a ''Disease''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metabolic disorder' in WordNet: 1. metabolic disorder - (a disorder or defect of metabolism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition . :Metabolite :wnsense "metabolite1n" ; :wordnet "metabolite" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialized term here just to fill in level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.56). Part of the meaning is captured by the restriction: (isTheProductOf Metabolizing) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metabolite' in Wordnet: 1. metabolite - (any substance involved in metabolism (either as a product of metabolism or as necessary for metabolism)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Metabolizing ] . :MetabolizableCarbohydrate :guid "bdbca564-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc 'CarbohydrateStuff': A PhysicalSubstance consisting of a single sugar, or a linked two, three-, or multi-unit chain containing mostly sugar molecules, with possibly some appendages. Cyc: The collection of chemical compounds that includes #$Sugar-Generic, #$Starch, #$Cellulose, and related compounds. These compounds are produced naturally by green plants from carbon dioxide and water (see #$Photosynthesis-Generic). As food for #$Animals, #$CarbohydrateStuff supplies energy and is used in the production of fats. SUMO: An element of living cells and a source of energy for Animals. This class includes both simple Carbohydrates, i.e. sugars, and complex Carbohydrates, i.e. starches.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carbohydrate, :Nutrient . :Metabolizing :en "metabolizing" ; :wnsense "metabolic process1n", "metabolise1v", "metabolism2n", "metabolize1v", "metastasis2n" ; :wordnet "metabolic process", "metabolise", "metabolism", "metabolize", "metastasis" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'Metabolizing' is one or more 'BiochemicalReaction's that occur inside an Organism. Includes verb sense 1 of 'metabolize' and noun sense 2 of 'metabolism' in Wordnet: 1. (1) metabolize, metabolise - (produce by metabolism) WN 'metabolism' 2. metabolism, metabolic process, metastasis - (the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalReaction, :EventGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ChemicalReaction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrganismType ] . :Metacarpal :guid "bf5064e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "metacarpal bone1n", "metacarpal1n" ; :wordnet "metacarpal", "metacarpal bone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Metacarpal'' is a Bone Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metacarpal' in WordNet: 1. metacarpal, metacarpal bone - (any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, :HandBone, :LongBone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Palm ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WristAndFinger ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Metal :guid "bd58ac39-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "metal" ; :wnsense "metal1n", "metal2n" ; :wordnet "metal" ; a :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Metal is a substance having certain electrical conductivity characteristics. Some substances are borderline metals. NOTE that not all metals are solid at room temperature - e.g. mercury. Cyc comment: An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. Every instance of #$Metal is a tangible object having certain characteristic physical and chemical properties. Instances of #$Metal are good conductors of electricity and heat, and most instances of #$Metal are solids at room temperature (although all instances of #$Mercury, for example, are liquids at room temperature). Solid instances of #$Metal have a shiny luster, and are highly malleable. Specializations of #$Metal include #$Mercury, #$Potassium, #$Brass, #$Lead, and #$Iron. Includes both senses of 'metal' in Wordnet, i.e. pure elements or alloys: in WordNet: 1. (39) metallic element, metal - (any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.) 2. alloy, metal - (a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten; 'brass is an alloy of zinc and copper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, :ElectricalConductor, :InorganicChemical, :NaturalResourceSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shiny ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MetalContainer a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MetalContainer' is a container that is made predominantly from some metal (usually steel or brass). It can be of any size or shape. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :RigidObject ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:ContainerArtifact [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ] ) ] . :MetalDisk :en "metal disk" ; :enn "metal disk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MetalDisk'' is any '''Disk' made mostly of some Metal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disk, :MetalObject, :SmallRigidSheet . :MetalGlaze :wnsense "glaze3n" ; :wordnet "glaze" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MetalGlaze'' is a ''CoatingMaterial'' that is applied to a ''MetalObject'' in liquid or semiliquid form and baked to harden it. It forms a thin hard shiny surface, usually of some color. The coating is hardened by baking or otherwise heating (as with radiation). Corresponds to part (for metals) of noun sense 3 of 'glaze' in WordNet: 3. glaze - (coating for fabrics, ceramics, metal, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoatingMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MetalObject ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :MetalIon a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An ion derived from a metal atom." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanIonizedFormOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Metal ] . :MetalObject :en "metal object" ; :enn "metal object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is any ''SolidObject'' consisting mostly of some ''metal'' (an instance of ''MetalType'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ] . :MetalOrPlastic a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance ; owl:unionOf (:MetalType :PlasticType ) . :MetalOre a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MetalOre'' is an ''Ore'' that can be rocessed to produce a Metal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :Ore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ] . :MetalPlate :wnsense "plate1n" ; :wordnet "plate" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MetalPlate'' is a ''FlatPlate'' (stiff object) that is a ''SheetOfMetal'' and approximately. It can be attached to other objects, as a component part of an artifact, and may be rigidly attached or have some freedom to move. Corresponds to *part* (metal) of noun sense 1 of 'plate' in Wordnet: 1. (7) plate - (a sheet of metal or wood or glass or plastic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :FlatPlate, :SheetArtifact, :SheetOfMetal . :MetalRod a :ArtifactObjectType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rod'' composed of some ''Metal''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ] . :MetalStrip :wnsense "strip2n", "strip5n" ; :wordnet "strip" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :BarOrWireType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MetalStrip'' is a ''Strip'' made of some ''Metal''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strip' in Wordnet: 2. (6) strip, slip - (artifact consisting of a narrow flat piece of material) 5. strip - (thin piece of wood or metal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :MetalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """MetalType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Metals and an argument restriction for the relations on Metals. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSubstanceType . :Metallic :pertainsTo :Alloy, :Metal ; :wnsense "metal1adj", "metallic1adj" ; :wordnet "metal", "metallic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the sense referring to sounds should be a different type pertaining to sounds, it is too metaphorical and indirect for easy logical description. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metallic' in Wordnet: 1. (3) metallic, metal - (containing or made of or resembling or characteristic of a metal; 'a metallic compound'; 'metallic luster'; 'the strange metallic note of the meadow lark, suggesting the clash of vibrant blades'- Ambrose Bierce) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Metaphor :guid "4062face-2cec-41d8-9769-e66ceec07877" ; :wnsense "metaphor1n" ; :wordnet "metaphor" ; a :ActionType, :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Metaphor'' is a ''FigureOfSpeech'' in which certain words (instances of subtypes of ''Metaphor'') are used in place of words that would normally convey the intended meaning, but use of the 'metaphor' creates an image suggesting a similarity without explicity using words designating similarity such as 'is like'. Thus; life is like a road' is a simile but 'life is a road', or 'on the road of life' is a metaphor. NOTE: in CYC this is classified as a ''LinguisticObject'' but in COSMO is is a form of Action (''FigureOfSpeech''). This is significantly different usage. CYC: A literary device in which a word or phrase is used to mean something other than the thing it literally denotes, thereby suggesting an analogy between them. See also related ''MetaphoricalManner'' - but relation between these types is is not yet specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metaphor' in WordNet: 1. (3) metaphor - (a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FigureOfSpeech . :Metaphorical :isAnAttributeValueOf :AbstractText, :LinguisticManner, :Phrase ; :isTheOppositeOf :Literal ; :pertainsTo :Metaphor, :MetaphoricalManner ; :wnsense "metaphoric1adj", "metaphorical1adj" ; :wordnet "metaphoric", "metaphorical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of linguistic usage that is Figurative, specifically in which words have meanings that are not the normally expected original and standard dictionary meanings. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metaphorical' in WordNet: 1. metaphorical, metaphoric - (expressing one thing in terms normally denoting another; 'a metaphorical expression'; 'metaphoric language') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Figurative, :PertainingAttributeValue . :MetaphoricalManner :takesValue :Metaphorical ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MetaphoricalManner'' is a ''NonLiteralManner'' that in which certain words (metaphors) are used in place of words that would normally convey the intended meaning, but use of the 'metaphor' creates an image suggesting a similarity without explicity using words designating similarity such as 'is like'. Thus; life is like a road' is a simile but 'life is a road', or 'on the road of life' is a metaphor See ''Metaphor'' for the actual subtype of ''FigureOfSpeech'' that is use in a ''MetaphoricalManner'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonLiteralManner . :Metaphysical :pertainsTo :Metaphysics ; :wnsense "metaphysical1adj" ; :wordnet "metaphysical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metaphysical' in WordNet: 1. (2) metaphysical - (pertaining to or of the nature of metaphysics; 'metaphysical philosophy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Metaphysics :wnsense "metaphysics1n" ; :wordnet "metaphysics" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Metaphysics'' is a branch of ''Philosophy'' concerned with recognizing the things that 'exist', rather that with their detailed description. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metaphysics' in WordNet: 1. metaphysics - (the philosophical study of being and knowing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Philosophy . :MetazoanCell a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A MetazoanCell is a cell which is part of a multicellular organism." ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPart, :Cell . :Meteor :guid "c048b344-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "meteor1n" ; :wordnet "meteor" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: This is the *Event* in which a Meteoroid enters the Earth's atmosphere and produces a visible streak of light while vaporizing at least part of its contents. The Object that does this is a Meteoroid, and if any part survives the descent, it is a Meteroite. NOTE: there is a dictionary interpretation in which a Meteor is the object travelling through the atmosphere, but we treat it as the Event. The collection of all streaks of light formed when #$Meteoroids pass through the atmosphere. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meteor' in Wordnet: 1. meteor, shooting star - (a streak of light in the sky at night that results when a meteoroid hits the earth's atmosphere and air friction causes the meteoroid to melt or vaporize or explode) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AtmosphericEvent, :LightPropagationEvent, :MotionDownward, :PhysicalTransformationEvent, :Translation-LocationChange . :Meteorite :guid "bec40c79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "meteorite1n" ; :wordnet "meteorite" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The collection of the remains of all #$Meteors that strike the surface of the Earth so long as they are larger than #$SandParticles. SUMO: Any Meteoroid that leaves traces on the surface of Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meteorite' in Wordnet: 1. (8) meteorite - (stony or metallic object that is the remains of a meteoroid that has reached the earth's surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meteoroid, :StoneObject-Natural, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Meteor ] . :Meteoroid :guid "bf6e3325-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "meteoroid1n" ; :wordnet "meteoroid" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A Meteoroid is a small rocky (or metallic) object orbiting the sun. We adopt the Cyc definition; it is not necessary to enter the Earth's atmosphere to be a 'Meteoroid'. Cyc: The collection of all meteoroids. An instance of this collection is a rock (#$StoneObject-Natural) smaller than an #$Asteroid which is orbiting the #$Sun. SUMO: Any AstronomicalBody that breaks through the atmosphere of Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meteoroid' in Wordnet: 1. meteoroid, meteor - ((astronomy) any of the small solid extraterrestrial bodies that hits the earth's atmosphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AstronomicalBody . :Meteorologist :guid "beebe9a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "meteorologist1n" ; :wordnet "meteorologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Meteorologist'' is a Person who specializes in analyzing ''WeatherEvent'' data to find patterns and to make predictions about future ''WeatherEvent''s in some location. CYC: The collection of all #$Scientists whose #$fieldsOfFormalEducation include #$Meteorology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meteorologist' in WordNet: 1. meteorologist - (a specialist who studies processes in the earth's atmosphere that cause weather conditions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Analyst, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeatherEvent ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meteorology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FutureWeatherEvent ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeatherForecast ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :Meteorology :wnsense "meteorology1n", "meteorology2n", "weather forecasting1n" ; :wordnet "meteorology", "weather forecasting" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Meteorology'' is an ''EarthScience'' that deals with ''WeatherEvent''s on the Earth, and atmospheric processes that affect them. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'meteorology' in WordNet: 1. meteorology, weather forecasting - (predicting what the weather will be) 2. meteorology - (the earth science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere (especially weather)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarthScience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeatherEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Meter :ldoce "meter" ; :wnsense "m1n", "meter1n", "metre1n" ; :wordnet "m", "meter", "metre" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI LengthMeasure. Symbol: m. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the Meter is the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 of a 'OneSecond'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meter' in WordNet: 1. (12) meter, metre, m - (the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :Metering :en "metering" ; :ldoce "meter" ; :wnsense "meter1v" ; :wordnet "meter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Metering' action is a Measuring that uses a 'MeteringDevice\". Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'meter' in Wordnet: 1. (1) meter - (measure with a meter; 'meter the flow of water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measuring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MeteringDevice :DeviceType ) ] ] . :MeteringDevice :isUsedToMeasure :RateMeasure ; :ldoce "meter" ; :wnsense "meter2n" ; :wordnet "meter" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'MeteringDevice' is a 'MeasuringDevice' used to measure the rate at which some process occurs, or the total quantity of something that passes through a point - expecially meters for electricity, liquid flow, or numbers of units of objects passing some measuring station, or meters for lapsed time such as parking meters. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'meter' in WordNet; it is unclear if the Wordnet sense is only for devices that measure rates: in WordNet: 2. (1) meter - (any of various measuring instruments for measuring a quantity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasuringDevice . :Methadone :guid "c011a05c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dolophine hydrochloride1n", "fixer4n", "methadon1n", "methadone hydrochloride1n", "methadone1n", "synthetic heroin1n" ; :wordnet "dolophine hydrochloride", "fixer", "methadon", "methadone", "methadone hydrochloride", "synthetic heroin" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'methadone' in WordNet: 1. methadone, methadone hydrochloride, methadon, dolophine hydrochloride, fixer, synthetic heroin - (synthetic narcotic drug similar to morphine but less habit-forming; used in narcotic detoxification and maintenance of heroin addiction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narcotic . :Methane :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CH4 ; :wnsense "methane1n" ; :wordnet "methane" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GaseousSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OrganicCompound in which each molecule has one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is a gas at room temperature, but can be and often is shipped in tankers as a liquid at low temperatures. The main component of 'natural gas'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'methane' in WordNet: 1. methane - (a colorless odorless gas used as a fuel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkane . :Methicillin :wnsense "methicillin1n" ; :wordnet "methicillin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Penicillin'' antibiotic used in human medicine. Some srtains of infectious staphylococci have become resistant, and are called 'methicillin resistant Staph aureus' or MRSA. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'methicillin' in Wordnet: 1. methicillin - (antibiotic drug of the penicillin family used in the treatment of certain staphylococcal infections) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Penicillin . :Method :ldoce "method" ; :wnsense "method1n" ; :wordnet "method" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Method' is any of a variety of 'Specification's (MentalObjects) that are ways of accomplishing something that an agent might want to do. This is the most general concept that can point to an action might accomplish a Goal. The more specific subtype 'Procedure' is a Method that specifies discrete steps to accomplish a Goal. A 'method' may not be a stepwise Specification. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'method' in WordNet, but the suggestion in the Wordnet gloss that the Method should be stepwise is not required for this type in WordNet: 1. (112) method - (a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Specification . :MethodistPerson :guid "c06da5eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Methodist1n" ; :wordnet "Methodist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who consider themselves to be adherents of the Methodist religion (not yet represented). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Methodist' in WordNet: 1. Methodist - (a follower of Wesleyanism as practiced by the Methodist Church) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtestantPerson . :Methodological :isAnAttributeValueOf :Methodology ; :pertainsTo :Method, :Methodology ; :wnsense "methodological1adj" ; :wordnet "methodological" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'methodological' in Wordnet: 1. methodological - (relating to the methodology of some discipline; 'methodological errors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Methodology :wnsense "methodology2n" ; :wordnet "methodology" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Methodology is not a specific Procedure or Method to accomplish a specific goal, but a set of procedures which may be applied individually or collectively to accomplish some general *category* of tasks. A specific example is the 'Scientific Method' in which hypotheses are created and verified or disproved by experiment or observation. Various categories of mathematical Propcedures might collectively form a 'methodology' for accomplishing some types of mathematical problems. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'methodology' in Wordnet: 2. methodology - (the system of methods followed in a particular discipline) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Specification . :Meticulous :wnsense "meticulous1adj", "meticulous2adj" ; :wordnet "meticulous" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'punctilious' is related to but not the same as this type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'meticulous' in Wordnet: 1. meticulous, punctilious - (marked by precise accordance with details; 'meticulous research'; 'punctilious in his attention to rules of etiquette') 2. meticulous - (marked by extreme care in treatment of details; 'a meticulous craftsman'; 'almost worryingly meticulous in his business formalities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Painstaking . :Metonym :wnsense "metonym1n" ; :wordnet "metonym" ; a :AdverbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metonym' in WordNet: 1. metonym - (a word that is used metonymically; a word that denotes one thing but refers to a related thing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :Metonymic :pertainsTo :Metonym ; :wnsense "metonymic1adj", "metonymical1adj" ; :wordnet "metonymic", "metonymical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Metonymic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Metonym'' or things that behave like a ''Metonym'', using one word to refer to something associated with it, often a part, such as 'wheels' for an 'automobile' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metonymic' in Wordnet: 1. metonymic, metonymical - (using the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated; 'to say 'he spent the evening reading Shakespeare' is metonymic because it substitutes the author himself for the author's works') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Metric :ldoce "metric" ; :pertainsTo :MetricUnit ; :wnsense "metric1adj" ; :wordnet "metric" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Metric' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that refers to the Metric system of measures. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metric' in WordNet: 1. (6) metric, metrical - (based on the meter as a standard of measurement; 'the metric system'; 'metrical equivalents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MetricDimension :wnsense "dimension3n" ; :wordnet "dimension" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Dimension' in which there is a defined 'distance' measure that allows one to specify the distance between any two points in the Dimension. Corresponds approximately to the union of senses 1 (mathematical) and 5 (topology) of 'dimension' in RHW: 1.Math. a. a property of space; extension in a given direction: A straight line has one dimension, a parallelogram has two dimensions, and a parallelepiped has three dimensions. b. the generalization of this property to spaces with curvilinear extension, as the surface of a sphere. c. the generalization of this property to vector spaces and to Hilbert space. 5. Topology. a. a magnitude that, independently or in conjunction with other such magnitudes, serves to define the location of an element within a given set, as of a point on a line, an object in a space, or an event in space-time. Includes sense 3 of 'dimension' in WordNet: 3. (1) dimension - (one of three Cartesian coordinates that determine a position in space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dimension . :MetricSpace :wnsense "metric space1n" ; :wordnet "metric space" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MetricSpace'' is a ''Space'' in which the locations of a point on each ''Dimension'' can be represented by a real number. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metric space' in WordNet: 1. metric space - (a set of points such that for every pair of points there is a nonnegative real number called their distance that is symmetric and satisfies the triangle inequality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Space, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MetricDimension ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :has ] . :MetricSystem :wasCreatedBy :InternationalCommitteeForWeightsAndMeasures ; a :MeasurementSystem ; rdfs:comment """The system of measures that are based on the kilogram, centimeter, and second as the units of mass, length, and time. Originally created in France, now maintained by the ICWM. """ . :MetricTon :wnsense "MT2n", "metric ton1n", "t3n", "tonne1n" ; :wordnet "MT", "metric ton", "t", "tonne" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metric ton' in WordNet: 1. metric ton, MT, tonne, t - (a unit of weight equivalent to 1000 kilograms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassMeasure . :MetricUnit :wnsense "metric unit1n", "metric2n" ; :wordnet "metric", "metric unit" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any UnitOfMeasure in the metric system - liters, kilograms, meters, seconds, degrees C. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metric unit' in WordNet: 1. (8) metric unit, metric - (a decimal unit of measurement of the metric system (based on meters and kilograms and seconds); 'convert all the measurements to metric units'; 'it is easier to work in metric') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :MetricUnitOfLength a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MetricUnitOfLength'' is a ''UnitOfMeasure'' that is a ''MetricUnit''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetricUnit, :UnitOfLength . :MetricalFoot :wnsense "foot11n", "metrical foot1n", "metrical unit1n" ; :wordnet "foot", "metrical foot", "metrical unit" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MetricalFoot'' is a unit of ''Cadence'' in a ''Poem'' . NOTE @ToDo: this hierarchy deviates from the WN hierarchy at this point (rev1657) because the WN hierarchy appears to mingle the part and the description of Meter; needs more analysis. This is part of a line of a Poem. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metrical foot' in WordNet: 1. metrical foot, foot, metrical unit - ((prosody) a group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cadence, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Syllable ; owl:maxCardinality "3" ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poem ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LineOfVerse ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Metronome :wnsense "metronome1n" ; :wordnet "metronome" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Metronome'' is a ''Timepiece'' that repeatedly measures the passage of some interval of time, using a clicking sound to indicate the end of each interval, and an inverted pendulum-like ball on a rod to vary the time interval to be measured and further indicate the progression of the time interval. This is used in practicing music to help the player maintain a proper tempo while playing. NOTE: WN classifies a metronome as a type of pendulum, but this is not a ''Pendulum'' which in WN swings under gravity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metronome' in WordNet: 1. metronome - (clicking pendulum indicates the exact tempo of a piece of music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :SelfPoweredDevice, :Timepiece, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingAMusicalInstrument ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimeInterval ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :Metropolitan :pertainsTo :CityRegion ; :wnsense "metropolitan1adj" ; :wordnet "metropolitan" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Metropolitan''' is an AttributeValue of some type or instance that is distinctive to or characteristic of a ''CityRegion'', particularly a large City with several sections, one of which is includes a ''City'' (the urban center). This includes outlying potentialy suburban-like areas that are formally part of a large ;City''. The subtype ''Urban'' pertains to the specific part of a Metropolis that is the center city. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'metropolitan' in WordNet: 1. (15) metropolitan - (relating to or characteristic of a metropolis; 'metropolitan area') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Regional . :MewingSound :en "meowing", "mewing" ; :isEmittedBy :Cat ; :wnsense "meow1n", "mew1n" ; :wordnet "meow", "mew" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'mewing' or 'meowing' sound made by Cats. Includes higher-pitched sounds of young cats and lower-pitchedsounds of adult cats. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mew' in WordNet: 1. meow, mew, miaou, miaow, miaul - (the sound made by a cat (or any sound resembling this)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :Mexican :pertainsTo :Mexico ; :wnsense "Mexican1adj" ; :wordnet "Mexican" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mexican'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Mexico''. This is usually written with a capital 'M'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mexican' in WordNet: 1. (4) Mexican - (of or relating to Mexico or its inhabitants; \"Mexican food is hot\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MexicanFood :en "Mexican food" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MexicanFood'' is an ''EthnicFood'' originally created and eaten by the people of Mexico. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EthnicFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mexico ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ] . :MexicanFoodObject :en "Mexican food object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MexicanFoodObject'' is a ''EthnicFoodObject'' of a type originating in Mexico. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MexicanFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mexico ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ] . :MexicanPerson :guid "bd58be6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Mexican1n" ; :wordnet "Mexican" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Mexico, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mexican' in WordNet: 1. (17) Mexican - (a native or inhabitant of Mexico) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mexico ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Mexico :wnsense "Mexico1n" ; :wordnet "Mexico" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mexico' in WordNet: 1. (4) Mexico, United Mexican States -- (a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810) """ . :Mica :containsChemicalElement :Aluminum, :Hydrogen, :Oxygen, :Silicon ; :guid "bdea8543-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "isinglass1n", "mica1n" ; :wordnet "isinglass", "mica" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Aluminum silicate based rock that characteristically splits into sheets. Thin sheets of #$Mica are #$Translucent. RHW: any member of a group of minerals, hydrous silicates of aluminum with other bases, chiefly potassium, magnesium, iron, and lithium, that separate readily into thin, tough, often transparent, and usually elastic laminae; isinglass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mica' in WordNet: 1. mica, isinglass - (any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :MicroLifeForm :en "micro life form" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """MicroLifeForm is a category that includes Virus and Microorganisms. This is useful where, as in COSMO, a ''Virus'' is not considered a ''Microorganism''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeForm, :MicroscopicScaleObject . :Microbe :wnsense "bug5n", "germ3n", "microbe1n" ; :wordnet "bug", "germ", "microbe" ; a :OrganismType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microbe' in WordNet: 1. microbe, bug, germ - (a minute life form (especially a disease-causing bacterium); the term is not in technical use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microorganism . :Microbiologist :guid "bd5900d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "microbiologist1n" ; :wordnet "microbiologist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microbiologist' in WordNet: 1. microbiologist - (a specialist in microbiology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Microbiology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Microorganism ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Microbiology :hasSubjectOfStudy :LifeForm ; :wnsense "microbiology1n" ; :wordnet "microbiology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Microbiology'' is the branch of ''Biology'' that studies ''Microorganism''s (microbes). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microbiology' in WordNet: 1. microbiology - (the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Microorganism ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Microfiche :guid "bd58e730-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "microfiche1n" ; :wordnet "microfiche" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces of microfiche. A Microfiche is a rectangular piece of film media with frames arranged in columns and rows. See also Microfilm. The difference between a ''Microfiche'' and a ''Microfilm''' is that the latter is usually on a long thin strip and the former on a hand-sized rectangular sheet about the size of an index card. The viewers for the two types of document recording are also different. RHW: 1. a flat sheet of microfilm in a form suitable for filing, typically measuring 4 by 6 in. (10 by 15 cm) and containing microreproductions, as of printed or graphic matter, in a grid pattern. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microfiche' in WordNet: 1. microfiche - (small sheet of microfilm on which many pages of material have been photographed; a magnification system is used to read the material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microfilm . :Microfilm :guid "bd58e6ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "microfilm1n" ; :wordnet "microfilm" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for an exposed and developed piece of micofilsm, a ''Photograph'' with some image on it. CYC: The collection of all pieces of microfilm, whether exposed or not. Microfilm generally consists of a sequence of images (frames) in a roll. See also Microfiche. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'microfilm' (but this is for the exposed film with an image) in WordNet: 1. microfilm - (film on which materials are photographed at greatly reduced size; useful for storage; a magnification system is used to read the material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPhotographs ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractDocument ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Micronesia :wnsense "Micronesia1n" ; :wordnet "Micronesia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Micronesia' in WordNet: 1. Micronesia, Federated States of Micronesia, TT - (a country scattered over Micronesia with a constitutional government in free association with the United States; achieved independence in 1986) """ . :Micronutrient :wnsense "micronutrient1n" ; :wordnet "micronutrient" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Included only because of location in Wordnet hierarchy. This is a subtype of 'Nutrient' in COSMO, but not in WN. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'micronutrient' in WordNet: 1. micronutrient - (a substance needed only in small amounts for normal body function (e.g., vitamins or minerals)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nutrient . :Microorganism :guid "c00b2dee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "microorganism1n" ; :wordnet "microorganism" ; a :OrganismType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$MicroscopicScaleObject and #$Organism-Whole. Each instance of #$Microorganism is an organism too small to be seen by humans without the aid of a microscope. Notable specializations of #$Microorganism include #$Protozoan, #$Virus, and #$ProkaryoticCell. SUMO: An Organism that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope. COSMO note: This means that the single unit needs a microscope to visualize; of course, microorganisms can form colonies that are visible to the naked eye. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microorganism' in Wordnet: 1. (5) microorganism, micro-organism - (any organism of microscopic size) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MicroLifeForm, :Organism . :Microphone :guid "bd58e96a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "microphone1n", "mike1n" ; :wordnet "microphone", "mike" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The electrical component used to transform sound into electrical signals. This includes any device that serves that purpose, regardless of size, configuration, composition,or sensitivity. SUMO: A CommunicationDevice that converts sound into electrical energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microphone' in Wordnet: 1. (4) microphone, mike - (device for converting sound waves into electrical energy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationDevice, :ElectricSensor, :ElectricalComponent, :ElectroAcousticTransducer, :ManufacturedGoods, :MusicEquipment, :PortableObject, :VibrationThroughAMediumSensor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :detects ] . :Microprocessor :guid "bd58ade3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "microprocessor1n" ; :wordnet "microprocessor" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$IntegratedCircuit. Each instance of #$Microprocessor is an integrated circuit that functions as a #$CentralProcessingUnit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microprocessor' in WordNet: 1. microprocessor - (integrated circuit semiconductor chip that performs the bulk of the processing and controls the parts of a system; 'a microprocessor functions as the central processing unit of a microcomputer'; 'a disk drive contains a microprocessor to handle the internal functions of the drive') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CentralProcessingUnit . :Microscope :guid "bfa53de7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "microscope" ; :wnsense "microscope1n" ; :wordnet "microscope" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Collection of scientific devices designed for viewing small biological objects or parts of objects. COSMO note: this is for optical microscopes only, not Electron microscopes. SUMO: An OpticalDevice with a stand and a focus, which is used for magnifying the images of things that are placed in the stand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microscope' in WordNet: 1. (11) microscope - (magnifier of the image of small objects; 'the invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :LensedOpticalDevice, :SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnifying ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LookingInsideAnObject ; owl:onProperty :hasMannerOfUse ] . :Microscopic :isTheOppositeOf :Huge ; :wnsense "atomlike1adj", "infinitesimal1adj", "microscopic2adj", "microscopic4adj", "minute1adj", "minute2adj" ; :wordnet "atomlike", "infinitesimal", "microscopic", "minute" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Microscopic'' is a way to express the notion 'so Extremely Small that one would need effort to detect it' or 'negligibly small'. Can be used to assert that two things have only unimportant differences. For the attribute 'microscopic' to refer to microscopes and related things, use ''Microscopical''. Includs adjective senses 2 and 4 of 'microscopic' and adj sense 2 of 'minute' in WordNet: 2. microscopic, microscopical - (too small to be seen except under a microscope) 4. infinitesimal, minute, microscopic - (infinitely or immeasurably small; 'two minute whiplike threads of protoplasm'; 'reduced to a microscopic scale') WN adj 'minute': 1. (5) infinitesimal, minute, microscopic - (infinitely or immeasurably small; 'two minute whiplike threads of protoplasm'; 'reduced to a microscopic scale') 2. atomic, atomlike, minute - (immeasurably small) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tiny . :MicroscopicScaleObject :guid "bd5891ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO, a SubatomicParticle is not an instance of this type. This type partly overlaps with 'Particle' - the distinction is not resolved as of v0.54. This should be used for objects down to atom-sized. Cyc: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$MicroscopicScaleObject is a partially tangible object which is so small that human beings cannot perceive it, except (perhaps) with the use of special devices such as #$Microscopes or #$ElectronMicroscopes. Specializations of #$MicroscopicScaleObject include #$Molecule, #$Atom, #$SubAtomicParticle, #$Chloroplast, and #$Mitochondrion. This is one of a series of categories for PhysicalObject of different size renages: For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Microscopic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Microscopical :pertainsTo :Microscope ; :wnsense "microscopic1adj", "microscopical1adj" ; :wordnet "microscopic", "microscopical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Microscopical'' is a AttributeValue of things pertaining to ''Microscope''s or microscopy Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'microscopic' in WordNet: 1. (4) microscopic, microscopical - (of or relating to or used in microscopy; 'microscopic analysis'; 'microscopical examination') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Microtheory :guid "bd5880d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AspatialInformationStore. Each instance of #$Microtheory is an abstract informational thing that represents a context in Cyc. Each microtheory (or 'mt') serves to group a set of assertions together that share some common assumptions; the assertions in an mt constitute the content of that mt. Note that each assertion in the Cyc knowledge base must be explicitly stated to be true in at least one microtheory. Assertions stated to be true in one mt will also be true (by inference) in more specialized mts that depend on the content of that mt. For example, if something is true in the #$HumanSocialLifeMt (q.v.), then it should by default be true in the more specialized #$UnitedStatesSocialLifeMt (q.v.). Specialized microtheories are related to the more general microtheories on which they depend by the predicate #$genlMt (q.v.). Note that every query is made in some mt, and the answer one gets to a query depends on the mt in which it is asked, since the only assertions which can be used to answer a query in an mt are those explicitly stated to be true in that mt, or in some more general mt. See also the predicate #$ist, which is used to relate an assertion to the microtheories in which it is true.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :Group, :Theory . :MicrowaveOven :wnsense "microwave2n" ; :wordnet "microwave" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Oven'' that uses ''MicrowaveRadiation'' to heat food or drink. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microwave oven' in Wordnet: 1. microwave, microwave oven - (kitchen appliance that cooks food by passing an electromagnetic wave through it; heat results from the absorption of energy by the water molecules in the food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oven . :MicrowaveRadiation :guid "c0211033-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "microwave1n" ; :wordnet "microwave" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events; a subset of #$ElectromagneticRadiation. Each element of #$MicrowaveRadiation is an instance of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from approximately .01 centimeters (1X10^6 #$Angstrom) to 10 centimeters (1X10^9 #$Angstrom), and a frequency of approximately 3X10^9 #$Hertz to 3X10^12 #$Hertz. This includes transmissions of super high frequency (SHF) including #$Microwave-SBand, #$Microwave-CBand, #$Microwave-XBand, #$Microwave-KuBand, #$Microwave-KaBand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'microwave' in WordNet: 1. (2) microwave - (a short electromagnetic wave (longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves); used for radar and microwave ovens and for transmitting telephone, facsimile, video and data) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectromagneticRadiationEvent . :Mid :pertainsTo :CenterPart ; :wnsense "mid1adj" ; :wordnet "mid" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mid' in Wordnet: 1. (8) mid - (used in combination to denote the middle; 'midmorning'; 'midsummer'; 'in mid-1958'; 'a mid-June wedding') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Central . :MidPoint :wnsense "center4n", "centre3n", "midpoint1n" ; :wordnet "center", "centre", "midpoint" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MidPoint'' is a 'RelativePoint' that is in the 'center' of a one- or two- or three-dimensional Object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midpoint' in WordNet: 1. center, centre, midpoint - (a point equidistant from the ends of a line or the extremities of a figure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :RelativePoint . :Midday :wnsense "midday1n" ; :wordnet "midday" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Midday'' is the class of TimeIntervals that begin at about 10:30 AM and end at about 2:00 PM. This overlaps with ''Morning'' and ''Afernoon'' and depends on the time zone. RHW noun 'midday': 1, The middle of the day; noon or the time centering around noon. This time inerval includes Noon, but is an interval, not a time point: in WordNet: 1. (1) noon, twelve noon, high noon, midday, noonday, noontide - (the middle of the day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DayTime, :TimeOfDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorningAndAfternoon ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Middle-Class :contrastsWith :Poor, :Wealthy ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "middle-class1adj" ; :wordnet "middle-class" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Middle-Class'' is the attribute of a Person who is neither rich nor poor.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'middle-class' in Wordnet: 1. (15) middle-class - (occupying a socioeconomic position intermediate between those of the lower classes and the wealthy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :MiddleAged :isTheOppositeOf :Young ; :wnsense "middle-aged1adj" ; :wordnet "middle-aged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MiddleAged'' is a term meaning 'neither old nor young' but applied to humans,where it has a specific meaning - 45 to 64 years of age. Corresponds to adjectie sense 1 of 'middle-aged' in WordNet: 1. (4) middle-aged - (being roughly between 45 and 65 years old) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Old . :MiddleAges :wnsense "Dark Ages1n", "Middle Ages1n" ; :wordnet "Dark Ages", "Middle Ages" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MiddleAges'' is a ''HistoricalPeriod'' that is considered by some Historians to fit the description of ''Middle Ages''. This is a type rather than an instance of TimeInterval because it may be defined differently by different historians,and because the events characteristic of the 'Middle Ages' may occur at different times in different places. Ends roughly at the 'Renaissance' in Europe. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Middle Ages' in WordNet: 1. (5) Middle Ages, Dark Ages - (the period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HistoricalPeriod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HistoricalEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :MiddleC :hasFrequency ; a :Sound ; rdfs:comment "The sound frequency of 261.63 Hz, using A=440 standard." . :MiddleClass :wnsense "bourgeoisie1n", "middle class1n" ; :wordnet "bourgeoisie", "middle class" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''MiddleClass'' is the ''EconomicClass'' that is neither rich nor poor.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'middle class' in WordNet: 1. (9) middle class, bourgeoisie - (the social class between the lower and upper classes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicClass . :MiddleEarth a :FictionalContext, :PossibleWorld . :MiddleEast a :GeographicalRegion . :MiddleNameString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MiddleNameString is a NameString that was given to some person, at birth or by some legal process, that serves the same function as a family name or surname. In some cultures the middle name may be derived from a relative; in Russia, the MiddleNameString is typically the 'patronymic', derived from the father's first name, as in 'Boris Vasilyevich Zarkov', where the father's first name was 'Vassily'. In some cultures, for some individuals, the mother's maiden name might be used as a middle name. The first letter of the true MiddleNameString may often be used as a middle name, and this Type allows the middle initial (with or without a period) to be included as a MiddleNameString for a person. The MiddleNameString of an individual will therefore not be unique, though when an initial is used it is predictable from the actual MiddleNameString. A particular MiddleNameString may be the MiddleName for many people."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :NameString . :MiddleOfAnEvent :ldoce "middle" ; :wnsense "middle4n" ; :wordnet "middle" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each MiddleOfAnEvent is an Event that occurs within the temporal extent of some Event that is neither the EndOfAnEvent nor the BeginningOfAnEvent for the same Event. Each such part (which is not necessarily unique, since there may be several intervals referred to as the 'middle') may be chosen somewhat arbitrarily. NOTE that this is an Event, whereas the WordNet synset seems to include both Events and TimeIntervals. For the middle of a TimeInterval, use 'MiddleOfaTimeInterval'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'middle' (for Events) in WordNet: 4. (1) middle - (time between the beginning and the end of a temporal period; 'the middle of the war'; 'rain during the middle of April') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CenterPart, :FiatProcessPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :MiddleOfAnObject :ldoce "center", "middle" ; :wnsense "center1n", "middle1n" ; :wordnet "center", "middle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The middle part of a PhysicalObject that has perceptible ends, or the center of a solid object. This is a vaguely defined Object, which may be a fiat Object (no clearly delimited ends), that separates the two ends (for a linear object), or is the innermost part of a RoundObject (in which case it is also the inner part). This might be set as disjoint from 'EndOfAnObject', but for compound objects the middles and ends might intermingle. NOTE that a ''MiddleOfAnObject'' that has restriction that it is a ''isaPhysicalPartOf'' an Object can be interpreted as being the middle of that Object that is the object of the relation. That can be expressed as an inference in FOL. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'middle' and sense 2 of 'center' in WordNet - this type does not include regions that are in the middle of other regions - for that sense use 'MiddleOfaRegion': in WordNet: 1. (10) center, centre, middle, heart, eye - (an area that is approximately central within some larger region; 'it is in the center of town'; 'they ran forward into the heart of the struggle'; 'they were in the eye of the storm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CenterPart, :PhysicalPartOfObject, :RelativeLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :MiddleOfaRegion :ldoce "center", "middle" ; :wnsense "center1n", "centre2n", "eye4n", "heart4n", "middle1n" ; :wordnet "center", "centre", "eye", "heart", "middle" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The middle part of a Region of space - 1D, 2D, 3D., or higher dimensional. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'middle' in WordNet - this type does not include parts of PhysicalObjects - for that sense use 'MiddleOfAnObject': 1. (10) center, centre, middle, heart, eye - (an area that is approximately central within some larger region; 'it is in the center of town'; 'they ran forward into the heart of the struggle'; 'they were in the eye of the storm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CenterPart, :PhysicalSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSpaceRegion :LocationType ) ] ] . :MiddleOfaTimeInterval :ldoce "middle" ; :wnsense "middle4n" ; :wordnet "middle" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'MiddleOfaTimeInterval' is a 'TimeInterval' that lies between two other 'TimeInterval's within some larger 'TimeInterval' that has been labeled and referenced. Except for the BeginningOfTime, every 'TimeInterval' is between two others, but this type will only be used when some specific 'TimeInterval' is of interest ('he went to China in the middle of April'), and the CenterPart of that TimeInterval needs to be referenced. NOTE that this is a TimeInterval, whereas the WordNet synset includes both Events and TimeIntervals. For the middle of an Event ('middle of the war') use 'MiddleOfAnEvent'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'middle' (for Events) in WordNet: 4. (1) middle - (time between the beginning and the end of a temporal period; 'the middle of the war'; 'rain during the middle of April') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CenterPart, :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isWithinTimeInterval ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeInterval ] . :Midfield :wnsense "midfield1n" ; :wordnet "midfield" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Midfield'' is the middle part of a ''AthletiField'', particularly one that has two ends with goal, as a soccer field or football field. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midfield' in WordNet: 1. midfield - ((sports) the middle part of a playing field (as in football or lacrosse)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MiddleOfaRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AthleticField ] . :Midnight :wnsense "midnight1n" ; :wordnet "midnight" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TimePoint that is 12 hours after ''Noon'' of each day, occurring approximately in the middle of the night in the timezon where it occurs. Note that this is a 'RecurringTimeInterval', but TimePoints in COSMO are also instances of TimeInterval - of zero duration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midnight' in Wordnet: 1. (7) midnight - (12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night; 'young children should not be allowed to stay up until midnight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :NightTime ] . :Midst :wnsense "midst1n", "thick1n" ; :wordnet "midst", "thick" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Midst'' is the inside of a Place containing a number of Objects, usually people or other living things. Sometimes used for in the middle of a series of Actions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midst' in WordNet: 1. (3) midst, thick - (the location of something surrounded by other things; 'in the midst of the crowd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interior ; owl:disjointWith :SurfacePortion . :Midtown :en "midtown" ; :enn "midtown" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Midtown'' is the middle part of a city (or of a Borough of a City, as in ''midtown Manhattan') large enough to have an ''Uptown'' and ''Downtown''. NOTE: in this case, ''UptownAndDowntown'' is represented as a type (owl:Class rather than an instance of ''Pair''. This is an alternative and more logically specific way to represent the ''Pair' in an ''inBetween'' relation, but it is not clear if there is any good linguistic reason for the choice; it takes more time and space this way. Depends on whether that class is likely to be used elsewhere. No WN entry for 'midtown': RHW 'midtown': 1. the middle part of a city or town between uptown and downtown. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :UptownAndDowntown ] . :Midwest :isaProperPartOf :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :wnsense "Midwest1n", "middle west1n", "midwestern United States1n" ; :wordnet "Midwest", "middle west", "midwestern United States" ; a :GeographicalArea ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Midwest' in WordNet: 1. (1) Midwest, middle west, midwestern United States - (the north central region of the United States (sometimes called the heartland or the breadbasket of America)) """ . :Midwestern :pertainsTo :Midwest ; :wnsense "midwestern1adj" ; :wordnet "midwestern" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'midwestern' in Wordnet: 1. (4) midwestern - (of a region of the United States generally including Ohio; Indiana; Illinois; Iowa; Missouri; Kansas; Nebraska; and sometimes Michigan; Wisconsin; Minnesota; 'a midwestern city'; 'midwestern accent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Midwife :guid "bd58884b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "accoucheuse1n", "midwife1n" ; :wordnet "accoucheuse", "midwife" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'midwife' in WordNet: 1. midwife, accoucheuse - (a woman skilled in aiding the delivery of babies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nurse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Childbirth ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Might-Physical :ldoce "might", "powerful" ; :wnsense "might1n", "mighty1adj", "powerful4adj" ; :wordnet "might", "mighty", "powerful" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attributeValue 'Might-Physical' is the ability possessed by a Person, Group of People, or Organization that has an unusually high level of ability to cause physical events to happen, beyond the level of an average person. This is a measure of physical strength, and can be applied to individual people, but is also a measure of command of resources, such as possessed by the leader of a country, or of a country itself viewed as an agent. In the latter case it overlaps somewhat with 'Might-Social'. A military force may be 'mighty' by virtue of the weapons it has. @ToDo1623: this mixes attribute and state of might - needs discrimination. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'mighty' and senses 4 and 5 of 'powerful' in WordNet: 1. (10) mighty - (having or showing great strength or force or intensity; 'struck a mighty blow'; 'the mighty logger Paul Bunyan'; 'the pen is mightier than the sword'- Bulwer-Lytton) WN 'powerful' 4. (1) brawny, hefty, muscular, powerful, sinewy - ((of a person) possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful; 'a hefty athlete'; 'a muscular boxer'; 'powerful arms') 5. herculean, powerful - (displaying superhuman strength or power; 'herculean exertions') WN 'might': 1. (3) might, mightiness, power - (physical strength) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability . :Might-Social :isMoreIntenseThan :SocialPower ; :ldoce "might", "power", "powerful" ; :wnsense "mighty1adj", "power1n", "powerful3adj" ; :wordnet "mighty", "power", "powerful" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attributeValue 'Might-Social' is the ability possessed by a Person who is very 'Influential', i.e. has the ability to affect the beliefs or attitudes of many other people, to the extent that the person who has 'Might-Social' can actually cause other people to do things. This is the attribute of managers, and is possessed in a high degree by the leaders to large corporations or of geopolitical entities. 'powerful senators'; 'a powerful corporate leader' For military 'might' of a nation, see 'Might-Physical'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'mighty' and sense 3 of 'powerful' in WordNet and noun sense 1 of 'power' : in WordNet: 1. (10) mighty - (having or showing great strength or force or intensity; 'struck a mighty blow'; 'the mighty logger Paul Bunyan'; 'the pen is mightier than the sword'- Bulwer-Lytton) WN 'powerful' 3. (2) potent, powerful - (having great influence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Powerful, :SocialPower . :MigraineHeadache :wnsense "hemicrania1n", "megrim1n", "migraine1n", "sick headache2n" ; :wordnet "hemicrania", "megrim", "migraine", "sick headache" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A HeadAche that is intense and lasts for hours, and recurs at intervals. Random House Webster: 'an extremely severe paroxysmal headache, usually confined to one side of the head and often associated with nausea; hemicrania.' Corresponds to sense 1 of 'migraine' in WordNet: 1. migraine, megrim, sick headache, hemicrania - (a severe recurring vascular headache; occurs more frequently in women than men) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Headache . :Migrant :wnsense "migrant1n" ; :wordnet "migrant" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Migant'' is not necessarily an ''Immigrant'', as the moving can take place within a single country. ''Migrant''s are an ''Absentee''s from their own former homes.(WordNet classification) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'migrant' in WordNet: 1. migrant, migrator - (traveler who moves from one region or country to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absentee, :Traveler, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChangeOfResidence ] . :MigrantFarmWorker :en "migrant farm worker" ; :guid "bd643de6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A farm worker who travels from state to state in search for work.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmWorker, :Migrant . :Migrating :wnsense "migrate1v", "migration1n", "transmigrate2v" ; :wordnet "migrate", "migration", "transmigrate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for human migrating from country to country. Use the parent type ''Migration'' for the more general sense of changing residence region,for animals or for humans that are not crossing national boundaries. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'migrate' in WordNet: 1. (4) migrate, transmigrate - (move from one country or region to another and settle there; 'Many Germans migrated to South America in the mid-19th century'; 'This tribe transmigrated many times over the centuries') WN noun 'migration': 1. (2) migration - (the movement of persons from one country or locality to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfResidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Migrant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExitingaCountry ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnteringaCountry ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Migration :wnsense "migrate1v", "migration1n" ; :wordnet "migrate", "migration" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the general sense of 'migration' for the changing region of residence, for animals or for humans. For humans that are crossing national boundaries use, the subtype 'Migrating''. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'migrate' (includes animals) and noun sense 1 of 'migration'in WordNet: 1. (4) migrate, transmigrate - (move from one country or region to another and settle there; 'Many Germans migrated to South America in the mid-19th century'; 'This tribe transmigrated many times over the centuries') WN noun 'migration': 1. (2) migration - (the movement of persons from one country or locality to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfResidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Migrant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExitingaCountry ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnteringaCountry ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlaceOfResidence ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Migratory :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Migrating ; :wnsense "migratory1adj" ; :wordnet "migratory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Migratory'' is the attribute of a ''NonHumanAnimal'' that does not live in one contiguous area,but periodically moves some distance to one or more other disconnected areas. For humans that move their dwellings from place to place use 'nomadic'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'migratory' in Wordnet: 1. migratory - (used of animals that move seasonally; 'migratory birds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Mild :isLessIntenseThan :Moderate ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Faint ; :wnsense "mild1adj" ; :wordnet "mild" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Mild' is an AttributeValue of things that can be ranked on some scale of intensity, indicating that they are at a low level of intensity (less than 0.3 where 1 is maximum) of that scale. This is broadly applicable to properties like heat, odor, or light; diseases; natural phenomena such as wind, hurricane, earthquake, feelings, and other things. For a lower level of intensity use 'Faint'. For more intense attributes, use 'Moderate', 'Intense', 'Extreme', and when intensely bad, 'Severe'. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'mild' in WordNet, but NOTE that WN says this is 'Moderate' whereas in COSMO 'Moderate' is *more* intense than 'Mild': in WordNet: 1. (7) mild - (moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme; 'a mild winter storm'; 'a mild fever'; 'fortunately the pain was mild'; 'a mild rebuke'; 'mild criticism') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Mildew :guid "bd58a42b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mildew1n" ; :wordnet "mildew" ; a :PlantType, :SporeFormerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Mildew is a fungal growth that can occur on the shower curtain or as a disease of plants. Mildews may belong to the fungus family Peronosporaceae(downy mildew) or to the fungus order Erysiphales (powdery mildew). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mildew' in WordNet: 2. mildew - (a fungus that produces a superficial (usually white) growth on organic matter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fungus . :Mildly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Mild ; :wnsense "mildly1adv" ; :wordnet "mildly" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mildly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Attributes that have intensive aspects, such as ''mildly alcoholic'' to express the notion that the attribute applies to its argument in a lower degree of intensity. However it is most commonly used with Attributes that express negative qualities or qualities undesirable wnen more intense: 'mildly acid'; 'mildly acidic'; 'mildly angry'; 'mildly eccentric'; 'mildly windy'; 'mildly unpleasant'; 'mildly unhappy'; 'mildly irrational'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'mildly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) mildly - (to a moderate degree; 'he was mildly interested') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Somewhat . :Mile :ldoce "mile" ; :wnsense "mile1n" ; :wordnet "mile" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """English length unit equal to 1 statute mile. For the unit of measure in quantitative attribute values, use 'miles'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mile' in WordNet: 1. (54) mile, statute mile, stat mi, land mile, mi - (a unit of length equal to 1760 yards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :Mileage :wnsense "milage1n", "mileage1n" ; :wordnet "milage", "mileage" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mileage' in WordNet: 1. (1) mileage, milage - (distance measured in miles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMeasuredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Odometer :DeviceType ) ] ] . :MilesPerHour :hasRepeatedEntity :miles ; :hasUnit :perHour ; a :RateUnit . :Milestone :wnsense "milepost1n", "milestone1n" ; :wordnet "milepost", "milestone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'milestone' in WordNet: 1. (2) milestone, milepost - (stone post at side of a road to show distances) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :DistanceMarker, :DryObject, :LongAndThinThing, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Post ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ] . :Militarily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Military ; :wnsense "militarily1adv" ; :wordnet "militarily" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Militarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an adjective and specifies that the adjective is to be interpreted with respect to ''Military'' matters. 'a militarily insignificant obstacle.' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'militarily' in Wordnet: 1. (1) militarily - (with respect to the military; 'on a militarily significant scale') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Military :ldoce "military" ; :pertainsTo :MilitaryAction, :MilitaryEngagement, :MilitaryEquipment, :MilitaryOrganization, :MilitaryPerson ; :wnsense "martial3adj", "military1adj", "military2adj", "military3adj" ; :wordnet "martial", "military" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type or instance to a MilitaryOrganization or MilitaryForce or MilitaryAction, and all other things specifically done, used, or part of the Military in some way; of or pertaining to Military things, generally Includes all 3 adjective senses 1 of 'military' in WordNet: 1. (37) military - (of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare; 'military law') 2. (12) military - (characteristic of or associated with soldiers or the military; 'military uniforms') 3. (3) military - (associated with or performed by armed services as contrasted with civilians; 'military police') WN adj 'martial': 3. martial - (of or relating to the armed forces; 'martial law') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MilitaryAcademy :wnsense "military academy1n" ; :wordnet "military academy" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryAcademy'' trains offiers for a military force of some ''Country''. The ''Cadet''s that study there enter after they have completed ''HighSchool'' or its equivalent in their own country. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military academy' in WordNet: 1. military academy - (an academy for training military officers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :School, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CountryGovernment ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ] ; owl:disjointWith :SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 . :MilitaryAction :en "military action" ; :enn "military action" ; :guid "c0209235-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all military tasks such as might be assigned to deployable, modern military units. A particular task is performed by one and only one unit, although other units may function in a support capacity, and subunits of the performing unit may be assigned tasks that figure as subtasks of the performing unit's assigned task. In this case the tasks of the subordinate units should be related to the overarching task of the superior unit by the #$subTasks relation. A single unit may be assigned more than one task. Notice that this collection is a specialization of #$MilitaryEvent, not #$MilitaryOperation complex events take account of both primary tasks and their subtasks and also distinct support tasks. Instances of #$MilitaryAction may properly figure as #$subEvents in an instance of #$MilitaryOperation. There is no WN sense for this specialized Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :MilitaryAgent :en "group of military persons", "military agent" ; :guid "beab31a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''MilitaryPerson'' or Group of ''MilitaryPerson''s acting in a capacity on behalf of a ''MilitaryOrganization'' This is not itself necessarily an Organization. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :IntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MilitaryPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MilitaryAircraft :en "military aircraft" ; :guid "bd58b375-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of both #$MilitaryVehicle and #$AirTransportationDevice. #$MilitaryAircraft is the collection of all aircraft used, or equipped to be used, for military purposes. SUMO: Any Aircraft which is made for a MilitaryOrganization. This includes fighters, Bombers, attack helicopters, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aircraft, :MilitaryVehicle, :Platform-Military, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :MilitaryAssault :wnsense "assault1n" ; :wordnet "assault" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MilitaryAssault'' is the intial part of a 'Combat' when troops of one side start an attack on the other side.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'assault' in WordNet: 1. (6) assault - (close fighting during the culmination of a military attack) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combat . :MilitaryAsset :guid "c0c575fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MilitaryAsset is any Resource - human, material, or abstract, that has a net positive value for performing some function of the military, which could be as static as deterrence. Intelligence 'assets' are also military Assets, as are military groups and certain weapons. A MilitaryAsset is a Role, and classification as a MilitaryAsset is context-dependent. At this point (v 0.32) MilitaryAsset is not categorized under 'Asset' because the use of that term is not yet fully clear, but it probably should be a subtype of 'Asset'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource . :MilitaryAttack :guid "bfcb1001-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "assail2v", "attack1n", "attack1v", "onrush1n", "onset2n", "onslaughtn" ; :wordnet "assail", "attack", "onrush", "onset", "onslaught" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'military' for this concept includes any kind of, including terrorists and other irregulars, that use force (especially weapons) to cause damage to people or resources. Cyc: The collection of all instances of #$MilitaryEvent that are also considered to be instances of #$AttackOnTangible. The characteristics that define a military 'attack' are somewhat loose: military units are involved, deadly force is involved, and the event in question is of an immediately 'offensive' character (although an attack can be a #$subEvents in the course of either a 'defensive' or 'offensive' #$MilitaryEvent). Instances may be complex events: that is, they may involve more than just physical attack events and may include a measure of planning and preparation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attack' in WordNet: 1. (419) attack, onslaught, onset, onrush - ((military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons); 'the attack began at dawn') WN verb 'attack': 1. (22) attack, assail - (launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with; 'Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World War II'; 'Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns all week') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOnObject, :MilitaryEngagement, :ViolentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryUnit ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MilitaryAward :en "military award", "military honor" ; a :AwardType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MilitaryAward is an HonorAward (abstract) assigned by some authority for actions performed while in a MilitaryOrganization. The award may be assigned by a MilitaryOrganization or a Government (e.g. the Congressional Medal of Honor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HonorAward, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAssignedByAuthority ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MilitaryOrganization :Government ) ] ] . :MilitaryBase :ldoce "base" ; :wnsense "base of operations1n", "base13n", "base2n" ; :wordnet "base", "base of operations" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MilitaryBase' is a ''MilitaryFacility'' used for military operations; it may be temporary, as in combat situations, or permanent Includes sense 2 and part of sense 13 (relating to military-owned facilities) of 'base' in Wordnet: 2. (4) base, base of operations - (installation from which a military force initiates operations; 'the attack wiped out our forward bases') 13. base, home - (the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Base, :GeographicalThing, :MilitaryFacility . :MilitaryCadre :wnsense "cadre2n" ; :wordnet "cadre" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryCadre'' is a ''CoreGroup'' of military personel intended to expand in size. RHW 'cadre': 1. Mil. the key group of officers and enlisted personnel necessary to establish and train a new military unit. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cadre' in WordNet: 2. (1) cadre - (a nucleus of military personnel capable of expansion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cadre, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MilitaryOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MilitaryCohort :wnsense "cohort2n" ; :wordnet "cohort" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cohort' in WordNet: 2. cohort - (a band of warriors (originally a unit of a Roman Legion)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Warrior ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MilitaryCorps :wnsense "army corps1n", "corps1n" ; :wordnet "army corps", "corps" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryCorps'' is any ''MilitaryUnit'' that is called a ''Corps''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'corps' in WordNet: 1. (4) corps, army corps - (an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmyUnit . :MilitaryDecoration a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MilitaryDecoration is an AwardSymbol (e.g. medal, ribbon, or both) that symbolizes that some person, has been awarded a MilitaryAward by some MilitaryOrganization or Government.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AwardSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AwardType ] . :MilitaryDefenseAction :ldoce "defense" ; :wnsense "defend2n" ; :wordnet "defense" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which a military force takes action to defend itslef or something else from an attack. The attack being defended against may be merely anticipated or actively underway. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'defense' ; however, the WN examples include the use of 'defense' in an adjectival position. in WordNet: 2. (327) defense, defence, defensive measure - (military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies; 'they died in the defense of Stalingrad'; 'they were developed for the defense program') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Defending . :MilitaryDisarmament :wnsense "disarm1v", "disarm3v", "disarmament1n", "disarming1n" ; :wordnet "disarm", "disarmament", "disarming" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MilitaryDisarmament'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' Event in which the thing(s) removed are some type of ''Weapon''. This can be for taking one ''Weapon'' (knife or gun) away from a Person, or for one or more Nations to remove or disable some Group of military ''Weapon''s , especially those with offensive capability. This is general, and includes transitive and intransitive senses, which can be dstinguished, as can the individual and military senses. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'disarm' in WordNet: 1. (2) disarm, demilitarize, demilitarise - (remove offensive capability from) WN noun 'disarmament': 1. (1) disarming, disarmament - (act of reducing or depriving of arms; 'the disarmament of the aggressor nations must be complete') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weapon ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :MilitaryEnemy :wnsense "enemy2n", "foe1n", "foeman1n", "opposition7n" ; :wordnet "enemy", "foe", "foeman", "opposition" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryEnemy'' is an ''Enemy'' who is participating in a ''War'' (including uprisings and rebellions) on the opposing side. This is a Group that may consists of irregulars - not necessarily soldiers of a government, but ''Warrior''s generically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foe' in WordNet: 1. (12) enemy, foe, foeman, opposition - (an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force); 'a soldier must be prepared to kill his enemies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enemy, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Armed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Warrior ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MilitaryEngagement :guid "bd58aeb0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasCorrespondingProcess :Combat ; :ldoce "battle", "fight" ; :wnsense "action5n", "armed combat1n", "battle1n", "combat1n", "conflict3n", "engagement1n", "fight4n", "military action1n" ; :wordnet "action", "armed combat", "battle", "combat", "conflict", "engagement", "fight", "military action" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MilitaryEngagement' is a 'Battle' between opposing military groups, including air combat between individual airplanes. This is an Event, which has a beginning and end; For the ''PhysicalProcess'' involved in a MilitaryEngagement that occurs during a 'MilitaryEngagement', use 'Combat'. SUMO (battle): A ViolentContest between two or more military units within the context of a war. Note that this does not cover the metaphorical sense of 'battle', which simply means a struggle of some sort. This sense should be represented with the more general concept of Contest. NOTE: WordNet also has a sense of 'combat' that appears to be a MilitaryEngagement: 1. (14) combat, armed combat - (an engagement fought between two military forces) . . . *but* the actual use of 'combat' is usually as a mass noun or adjective, not as a count noun, so in COSMO that synset is not considered a synonym; in COSMO 'Combat' is the process that occurs during a MilitaryEngagement. nevertheless 'combat' is used commonly as a synonym for a ''MilitaryEngagement., so the term is added to the synonym list. Similarly, 'action' in the sense of military engagement is used more in the sense of a process: WN 'action': 5. (49) military action, action - (a military engagement; 'he saw action in Korea') Coresponds to sense 1 of 'battle'and sense 4 of 'fight' in WordNet, restricted to military forces: in WordNet: 1. (73) battle, conflict, fight, engagement - (a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war; 'Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga'; 'he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement') WN 'fight': 4. (49) battle, conflict, fight, engagement - (a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war; 'Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga'; 'he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement') WN noun 'action': 5. (49) military action, action - (a military engagement; 'he saw action in Korea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Battle, :MilitaryAction, :PhysicalDestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combatant ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MilitaryEquipment :guid "be83ee2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$MilitaryEquipment is a specialization of #$Artifact and #$PartiallyTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$MilitaryEquipment is an artifact that is owned and used by some #$MilitaryOrganization. Examples include instances of weapons, vehicles, and uniforms. Each piece of MilitaryEquipment can be considered as a MilitaryAsset. NOTE: this is for a single item designed for use by the military. The collective category of weapons is represented as ''Arms''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :ManufacturedGoods, :MilitaryAsset . :MilitaryEvent :en "military event" ; :enn "military event" ; :guid "be749e00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all military events, including #$WagingWar, #$Battles, #$Explosions, and military #$Training. Note that these events need not be organized or planned, just connected to the military in some way. NOTE that 'military' can refer to paramilitary groups such as terrorist groups, provided that they are organized as a military-like unit. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MilitaryAgent ] . :MilitaryExpedition :guid "c08ac6ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "expedition1n", "hostile expedition1n", "military expedition1n" ; :wordnet "expedition", "hostile expedition", "military expedition" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MilitaryExpedition'' is a ''MilitaryAttack'' in which one military force crosses a border with some hostile intention, but this is more limited in purpose than a ''Militaryinvasion'' which is on a larger scale and usually has the purpose of subjegating a whole country rather than accomplishing a limited goal. The destrution of some facility of the enemy followed by withdrawal would be a good examples of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'expedition' in WordNet: 1. (4) expedition, military expedition, hostile expedition - (a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOnObject, :EnteringaRegion, :MilitaryAttack, :MilitaryOperation, :Translocation . :MilitaryFacility :wnsense "military installation1n" ; :wordnet "military installation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Facility used by the military. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military installation' in WordNet: 1. military installation - (any facility servicing military forces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :InfrastructureProduct, :PlaceWithMilitarySignificance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryAction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :MilitaryFlank :wnsense "flank1n", "wing5n" ; :wordnet "flank", "wing" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryFlank'' is a ''MilitaryFormation' located at the side (right or left, facing the ''MilitaryEnemy'') of a larger ''MilitaryFormation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'flank' in WordNet: 1. (3) flank, wing - (the side of military or naval formation; 'they attacked the enemy's right flank') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryFormation, :SideOfaBilateralObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryEnemy ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryFormation ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :MilitaryFormation :wnsense "military formation1n" ; :wordnet "military formation" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryFormation' is a ''Formation'' of ''Warrior''s (military personnel of any kind) and/or ''MilitaryVehicle''s acting together as a Unit (usually under one commander). NOTE: this seems to have the same intended meaning as WN sense 1 of 'military formation' but includes the vehicles in which the military personnel may be travelling, as in a tank unit or Naval unit. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'military formation' in WordNet: 1. military formation - (a formation of troops) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Formation . :MilitaryGeneral :guid "097d7224-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "general" ; :wnsense "full general1n", "general1n" ; :wordnet "full general", "general" ; a :PersonType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryGeneral'' is a ''CommissionedOfficer'' with the Highest conventional rank for a commissioned officer in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. (This is the specific rank of full 'General' and not the generic term that would include #$BrigadierGeneral-Rank, #$MajorGeneral-Rank or #$LieutenantGeneral-Rank.) In the U.S. Army, a full General typically commands an instance of #$Army-UnitDesignation. NOTE that this applies to the person who holds that rank; the abstract notion of 'rank' as an attribute is not yet (rev1009) represented in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'general' in WordNet: 1. (40) general, full general - (a general officer of the highest rank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommissionedOfficer . :MilitaryHardware :en "military hardware item" ; :enn "military hardware item" ; :guid "bd58f2a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$MilitaryHardware is a specialization of#$MilitaryEquipment and #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$MilitaryHardware is a type of physical device used by the military, thus including #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, #$Weapons and #$CommunicationDevices. It however excludes #$MilitaryUniforms and #$Flags. NOTE: this is for a single item designed for use by the military. The collective category of weapons is represented as ''Arms''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryEquipment . :MilitaryInvasion :guid "c08ac6ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "incursion2n", "invade1v", "invasion1n", "occupy7v", "penetration1n" ; :wordnet "incursion", "invade", "invasion", "occupy", "penetration" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryAttack'' in which one military force crosses a border with some hostile intention,whether damage to the ihnabitants or occupying the invaded territory. CYC A specialization of #$MilitaryOperation. Each instance of #$MilitaryInvasion is a planned military invasion of some territory; the territory invaded is related to the invasion by the predicate #$objectActedOn (q.v.). See also the collection #$MilitaryOccupation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'invasion' in WordNet: 1. (3) invasion - (the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder) WN verb 'invade': 1. (7) invade, occupy - (march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation; 'Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939') WN noun 'incursion': 2. penetration, incursion - (an attack that penetrates into enemy territory) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOnObject, :EnteringaRegion, :MilitaryAttack, :MilitaryOperation, :Translocation . :MilitaryManeuver :guid "c06ee283-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "maneuver4n", "manoeuvre4n", "tactical maneuver1n", "tactical manoeuvre1n" ; :wordnet "maneuver", "manoeuvre", "tactical maneuver", "tactical manoeuvre" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a military force moves relative to the enemy in an effort to achieve positionaladvantage over him and to achieve tactical, operational or strategic objectives. FM 100-5 pp. 2-13. SUMO: Any Maneuver which takes place in a Battle and which is intended to secure a tactical advantage for one of the agents of the Battle. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'maneuver' in WordNet: 4. maneuver, manoeuvre, tactical maneuver, tactical manoeuvre - (a move made to gain a tactical end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Maneuver, :MilitaryOperation, :Motion . :MilitaryOfficer :guid "bd58a748-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "officer" ; :wnsense "officer1n" ; :wordnet "officer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$MilitaryPerson. Each instance of this collection is a person who is a (commissioned or non-commissioned) officer in some #$MilitaryOrganization. SUMO: The class of Soldiers who have authority or command. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'officer' in WordNet: 1. (249) military officer, officer - (any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command; 'an officer is responsible for the lives of his men') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryPerson, :OfficerInOrganization . :MilitaryOperation :guid "be1c4525-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "military operation1n", "operation6n" ; :wordnet "military operation", "operation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MilitaryEvent. Each instance of #$MilitaryOperation is a planned military operation. Instances of #$MilitaryOperation usually require organization and coordination, and often are complex activities. For large-scale military operations involving several groups of agents, see the specialization #$MilitaryOperation-Joint. Examples of #$MilitaryOperation include the attack on Pearl Harbor and the retaking of Bunker Hill. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military operation' in WordNet: 1. operation, military operation - (activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign); 'it was a joint operation of the navy and air force') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event-Organized, :MilitaryEvent, :PurposefulAction . :MilitaryOrderly :wnsense "orderly1n" ; :wordnet "orderly" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orderly' in WordNet: 1. (2) orderly - (a soldier who serves as an attendant to a superior officer; 'the orderly laid out the general's uniform') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attender, :Soldier . :MilitaryOrganization :en "military force" ; :guid "bd58f1ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "force", "unit" ; :wnsense "force1n", "military unit1n", "unit3n" ; :wordnet "force", "military unit", "unit" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This type is interpreted as being an overall MilitaryOrganization that has some independence, such as a government's Army, navy or Air Force. Smaller subdivisions of the main organization are represented as 'MilitaryUnit' Cyc: A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$MilitaryOrganization is an organization whose function (and expertise) is the use of armed force, or the threat of such use, against enemies, especially other organized, armed enemies. A military organization includes its fighting forces and their command structure, together with dedicated support services controlled by that military command. Typically, there are special conditions in the relationships between a #$MilitaryOrganization and its workers, going beyond what is expected in work agreements in civilian settings, including strict sanctions to enforce obedience. This collection includes #$GovernmentMilitaryOrganizations such as the armies, navies, and air forces of the world's governments, and in addition private armies, rebel armies, and organized mercenary units. In SUMO called 'MilitaryForce': SUMO: MilitaryForce is the subclass of Organizations that are organized along military lines and for the purpose of either defensive or offensive combat, whether or not the force is an official GovernmentOrganization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'force' in WordNet, and in a military context the word 'unit' is used synonymously, though in WordNet only the parent sense of that word is listed as sense 3 of 'unit'; see also 'MilitaryUnit': in WordNet: 1. (347) military unit, military force, military group, force - (a unit that is part of some military service; 'he sent Caesar a force of six thousand men') WN noun 'unit': 3. (9) unit, social unit - (an organization regarded as part of a larger social group; 'the coach said the offensive unit did a good job'; 'after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, :MilitaryAgent, :Organization . :MilitaryOrganizationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MilitaryOrganizationType'' is a OrganizationType used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''BranchOfMilitaryService'' as their argument. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationType . :MilitaryPerson :en "military person" ; :guid "bd58ef05-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "military man1n", "military personnel1n", "serviceman1n" ; :wordnet "military man", "military personnel", "serviceman" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MilitaryAgent. Each instance of #$MilitaryPerson is a person belonging to one of the national military services (see the collection #$BranchOfMilitaryService) of some instance of #$Country. Notable specializations of #$MilitaryPerson include #$ArmyPersonnel, #$NavyPersonnel, and #$MarinePersonnel. SUMO: Someone who is a member of a ModernMilitaryOrganization. NOTE: the WN terms seem to exclude women, but this type includes women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'serviceman' in WordNet: 1. serviceman, military man, man, military personnel - (someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force; 'two men stood sentry duty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryAgent, :NationalGovernmentEmployee ; owl:disjointWith :Civilian . :MilitaryPersonnel :en "military personnel" ; :enn "military personnel" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MilitaryPersonnel'' is a Group of ''MilitaryPerson''s who are gathered to form a unit for some military purpose, usually to fight or prepare to fight, but also for any action performed by military organizations. This is not an ''Organization'', but a GroupOfPeople'' and includes 'irregulars' not controlled by a Government. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MilitaryPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :MilitaryPost :wnsense "military post1n", "post2n" ; :wordnet "military post", "post" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryPost'' will in general be larger and more permanent than a ''MilitaryBase'', and not usually located close to combat action. It will typially have bildings for varied operations and housing, far from the combat zone - but it must have some kind of equipment or fortification installed that will facilitate operations, not be just a quickly set up hole in the ground. A Military Post may be referred to as a 'base' or a 'fort'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military post' in WordNet: 1. military post, post - (military installation at which a body of troops is stationed; 'this military post provides an important source of income for the town nearby'; 'there is an officer's club on the post') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :MilitaryPrivate :guid "f8b26a7a-74b9-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "buck private1n", "common soldier1n", "private1n" ; :wordnet "buck private", "common soldier", "private" ; a :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryPrivate'' is a ''MilitaryPerson'' with the lowest standard military rank in an Army or Marine Corps. The rank of the basic 'troops'. A private is not an officer. Immediately below #$PrivateFirstClass-RankType. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'private' in WordNet: 1. (12) private, buck private, common soldier - (an enlisted man of the lowest rank; \"our prisoner was just a private and knew nothing of value\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryPerson . :MilitaryQuarters :wnsense "military quarters1n" ; :wordnet "military quarters" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this includes qarters for ''MilitaryPerson''s on board a military vessel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'military quarters' in WordNet: 1. military quarters - (living quarters for personnel on a military post) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lodging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryPerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :MilitaryRaid :wnsense "raid1n" ; :wordnet "raid" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryRaid'' is a ''MilitaryInvasion'' that is intentionally brief, with the invading forces withdrawing more or less quickly, with no intention of permanent occupation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raid' in WordNet: 1. (3) foray, raid, maraud - (a sudden short attack) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryInvasion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MilitaryRankType :guid "30f91a14-74b0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "rank" ; :wnsense "rank2n" ; :wordnet "rank" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A metatype whose instances are the different ranks (levels) at which military personnel are classified for purpose of pay, duty, or authority. The separate service ranks (USNavyRankType) are subtypes of this type. NOTE that this applies to the person who holds that rank; the abstract more general notion of 'rank' is represented by ''Standing'' or 'Rank''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'rank' in WordNet: 2. (6) rank - (relative status; 'his salary was determined by his rank and seniority') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonType, :RankType, :RoleType . :MilitarySector :wnsense "sector5n" ; :wordnet "sector" ; a :RegionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitarySector'' is a ''LandRegion'' that in some interval of time is of some interest to military forces,and may have active fighting. Millitary activities of one military force in a ''MilitarySector'' may be under the command of a single officer. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'sector' in WordNet: 5. sector - (a portion of a military position) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandArea, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryOfficer ; owl:onProperty :isAnInterestOf ] . :MilitaryService :en "military service" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """this is the Action of serving in any branch of the military in any country. No entry in WN seems to fit. The general 'service' is the label for a 'JobSituation'' A 'military service' in WN is a branch of the armed forces. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JobSituation, :RoleSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnteringTheMilitary ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmployer ; owl:someValuesFrom :MilitaryOrganizationType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmployee ; owl:someValuesFrom :MilitaryPerson ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Occupation ] . :MilitaryUnit :ldoce "unit" ; :wnsense "unit3n" ; :wordnet "unit" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MilitaryOrganization that is a component part of a Larger MilitaryOrganization; a Division, Fleet, TaskForce, Platoon, etc. See also 'MilitaryOrganization', similar in meaning, but considered as the term for 'force' in the military sense. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'unit' in WordNet: 3. (9) unit, social unit - (an organization regarded as part of a larger social group; 'the coach said the offensive unit did a good job'; 'after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryOrganization, :Suborganization, :Unit . :MilitaryVehicle :en "military vehicle" ; :enn "military vehicle" ; :guid "c0bac0bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: #$MilitaryVehicle is a specialization of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle and #$Platform-Military. Each instance of #$MilitaryVehicle would include things like airplanes and tanks, but exclude things like towed platforms.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Platform-Military, :TransportationDevice-Vehicle . :MilitaryVessel :wnsense "combat ship1n", "war vessel1n", "warship1n" ; :wordnet "combat ship", "war vessel", "warship" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MilitaryVessel is a Vessel designed primarily for use in warfare, or to serve as a platform for weapons. A MilitaryTransport ship May be a Military Vessel without being a Platform, if the devices on board are incidental to its function. Thus navigation devices on a transport do not make it a Platform. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warship' in WordNet: 1. warship, war vessel, combat ship - (a government ship that is available for waging war) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryVehicle, :MilitaryWatercraft, :Vessel . :MilitaryWatercraft :guid "c0bcdd22-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$MilitaryWatercraft is a specialization of #$Watercraft and #$Platform-Military. Each instance of #$MilitaryWatercraft is a #$Watercraft used in a military context. A few notable specializations include nuclear submarines and destroyers, but transportation devices which are not vehicles could also be instances.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Platform-Military, :Watercraft . :MilitaryWeapon :en "military weapon" ; :enn "military weapon" ; :guid "c0a65424-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Weapon. Each specialization of #$MilitaryWeapon is a type of weapon typically used only by military organizations. Specializations of #$MilitaryWeapon include #$SilkwormMissile, #$NuclearWeapon, and #$Mine-Weapon. WN has no category corresponding to this: this type is the singular - one military weapon. Subtypes are represented in WN. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryHardware, :Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryAction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :MilitaryWeaponType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Each instance of ''MilitaryWeaponType'' is a type of ''Device'' that is designed to be used by military forces. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceType . :MilitaryWithdrawal :wnsense "fall back3v", "pull back1v", "pull out1v", "retire4v", "retreat1n", "retreat1v", "withdraw1v", "withdrawal3n" ; :wordnet "fall back", "pull back", "pull out", "retire", "retreat", "withdraw", "withdrawal" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilitaryWithdrawal'' is a ''LeavingaPlace'' performed by some . ''MilitaryAgent (a group of soldiers) This is not necessarily a 'retreat', as it could be a pull-out after a truce or afer winning a battle. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'withdraw' and verb sense 1 of 'pull out' and noun sense 3 of 'withdrawal' in WordNet: 1. (9) withdraw, retreat, pull away, draw back, recede, pull back, retire, move back - (pull back or move away or backward; 'The enemy withdrew'; 'The limo pulled away from the curb') WN verb 'pull out': 1. (4) pull out, get out - (move out or away; 'The troops pulled out after the cease-fire') WN noun 'withdrawal': 3. (1) withdrawal - (the act of withdrawing) WN 'retreat': 1. (3) retreat - ((military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat; 'the disorderly retreat of French troops') WN verb 'fall back': 3. (2) recede, fall back, retire - (move back and away from; 'The enemy fell back') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Withdrawing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Militia :guid "c0a226b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "militia1n", "reserves1n" ; :wordnet "militia", "reserves" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ParamilitaryOrganization. Each instance of #$Militia is a non-governmental military force. Instances of #$Militia sometimes operate as auxiliaries to, or in place of, mainstream (governmental) military forces, and in some cases may be called up for regular service in times of emergency. Corresponds approximately (see also CYC gloss,above) to noun sense 1 of 'militia' in WordNet: 1. (5) militia, reserves - (civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ParamilitaryOrganization . :Milk :guid "bd58c664-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasColor :White ; :hasComponentSubstance :Lactose, :Protein ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Mammal ; :isSecretedBy :Teat ; :wnsense "milk1n", "milk2n" ; :wordnet "milk" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all volumes of mammalian milk. Each instance of this collection is fluid secreted from the #$Teat of a female #$Mammal, or a mixture of such fluid from several teats. Cow's milk which is pasturized is described by the more specific collection, #$CowsMilk-Product. NOTE that in COSMO Milk without any cream cannot be 'Milk' produced naturally. @ToDo: needs modification?? Perhaps non-fat milk is a separate substance, a component of 'real' milk? SUMO: A nutritious BodySubstance produced by Mammals. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'milk' (no difference in meaning - just in hypernyms) in Wordnet: 1. (24) milk - (a white nutritious liquid secreted by mammals and used as food by human beings) 2. (1) milk - (produced by mammary glands of female mammals for feeding their young) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beverage, :BodySubstance, :DairyProduct, :LiquidSubstance, :Secretion-Bodily, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teat ; owl:onProperty :isSecretedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milky ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :MilkCurd :wnsense "curd2n" ; :wordnet "curd" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MilkCurd'' is the ''Lumpy'' liquid produced by ''MilkCurdling'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'curd' in WordNet: 2. curd - (coagulated milk; used to made cheese; 'Little Miss Muffet sat on a tuffet eating some curds and whey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lump, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milk ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilkCurdling ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :MilkCurdling :wnsense "clabber1v", "curdle1v", "curdle2v", "curdling1n" ; :wordnet "clabber", "curdle", "curdling" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MilkCurdling'' is a 'Curdling'' of some quantity of ''Milk''. This may be done intentionally, as when preparing cheese, or unintentionally, when milk goes sour on standing. This is for both transitive (intentional) and intransitive (performed by the Milk) senses, which can be distinguished when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curdling' and includes verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'curdle' and verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'clot' in WordNet: WN verb 'curdle'; 1. curdle, clabber, clot - (turn into curds; 'curdled milk') 2. curdle - (go bad or sour; 'The milk curdled') WN noun 'curdling' (part, for milk): 1. curdling, clotting, coagulation - (the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curdling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milk ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MilkMan :en "milk-man" ; :wnsense "milkman1n" ; :wordnet "milkman" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MilkMan'' is a ''DeliveryPerson'' who delivers ''Milk'' (in containers of some kind). Delivering milk in bottles used to be common - less so now that most people can drive to the local store. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'milkman' in Wordnet: 1. milkman - (someone who delivers milk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeliveryPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeliveringMilk ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :MilkShake :hasComponentSubstance :Milk ; :wnsense "milk shake1n", "milkshake1n", "shake2n" ; :wordnet "milk shake", "milkshake", "shake" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'milkshake' in WordNet: 1. milkshake, milk shake, shake - (frothy drink of milk and flavoring and sometimes fruit or ice cream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :NonAlcoholicBeverage . :Milkweed :guid "bd58b3e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "milkweed1n", "silkweed1n" ; :wordnet "milkweed", "silkweed" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A plant that grows wild and is loved by ''MonarchButterfly''s. RHW: 1. any of several plants that secrete a milky juice or latex, esp. those of the genus Asclepias, as A. syriaca. Cf. milkweed family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'milkweed' in WordNet: 1. milkweed, silkweed - (any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant, :Plant-NonWoody . :Milky :wnsense "milklike1adj", "milky1adj", "whitish1adj" ; :wordnet "milklike", "milky", "whitish" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'milky' in Wordnet: 1. (1) milky, milklike, whitish - (resembling milk in color or cloudiness; not clear; 'milky glass') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute ; owl:disjointWith :Opaque . :MilkyWay :wnsense "Milky Way Galaxy1n", "Milky Way System1n", "Milky Way1n" ; :wordnet "Milky Way", "Milky Way Galaxy", "Milky Way System" ; a :Galaxy ; rdfs:comment """The ''MilkyWay'' has about 100 billion to 200 billion stars. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Milky Way' in WordNet: 1. Milky Way, Milky Way Galaxy, Milky Way System - (the galaxy containing the solar system; consists of millions of stars that can be seen as a diffuse band of light stretching across the night sky) """ . :Mill :wnsense "mill1n" ; :wordnet "mill" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mill'' is a ''Factory'' where objects or substances are cut (e.g. a sawmill) or ground or crushed (e.g. a flour mill). NOTe: ''CuttingOrGrindingType'' includes the classes ''CuttingSomething'' and ''Grinding'' as instances. Corresponds to *one* part of noun sense 1 of 'mill' in WordNet: 1. (4) factory, mill, manufacturing plant, manufactory - (a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Factory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :CuttingOrGrindingType ] . :MillenaryAnniversary :wnsense "millenary1n", "millennium3n" ; :wordnet "millenary", "millennium" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millenary' in WordNet: 1. millennium, millenary - (the 1000th anniversary (or the celebration of it)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnniversaryDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAnniversaryOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :Millenium :wnsense "millenary1n", "millennium1n" ; :wordnet "millenary", "millennium" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millenium' in WordNet: 1. (4) millennium, millenary - (a span of 1000 years) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneThousandYears ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ] . :Milliliter :wnsense "milliliter1n" ; :wordnet "milliliter" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Milliliter is a unit of volume, equal to one-thousandth of a liter, and, since 1964 (see 'Liter') equal to one CubicCentimeter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'milliliter' in Wordnet: 1. (5) milliliter, millilitre, mil, ml, cubic centimeter, cubic centimetre, cc - (a metric unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :Millionaire :wnsense "millionaire1n" ; :wordnet "millionaire" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Millionaire'' is a ''WealthyPerson'' with net assets of more than a million dollars. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millionaire' in WordNet: 1. millionaire - (a person whose material wealth is valued at more than a million dollars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WealthyPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoreThanaMillionDollars ; owl:onProperty :owns ] . :Millionth :hasNumericalAbbreviation "1000000th" ; :hasOrderNumber "1000000"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "millionth" ; :wnsense "millionth1n" ; :wordnet "millionth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The thousandth element in a series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millionth' in WordNet: 1. millionth - (position 1,000,000 in a countable series of things) """ . :Millipede :wnsense "millepede1n", "milliped1n", "millipede1n" ; :wordnet "millepede", "milliped", "millipede" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Millipede'' is an ''Arthropod'' with the distinctive characteristic of having multiple legs, more than 20, up to over a hundred. Somewhat resembling a centipede, but non-venomous and with a rounder body.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millipede' in WordNet: 1. millipede, millepede, milliped - (any of numerous herbivorous nonpoisonous arthropods having a cylindrical body of 20 to 100 or more segments most with two pairs of legs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arthropod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leg ; owl:minCardinality "20" ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Mime :wnsense "mime1n", "mimer1n", "mummer1n", "pantomimer1n", "pantomimist1n" ; :wordnet "mime", "mimer", "mummer", "pantomimer", "pantomimist" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Mime'' is for the professional, not a ''Person'' who performs a ''Miming'' casually. NOTE: the WN use of 'actor' here is broader than the ''ActorActress'' in COSMO, used for dramatic acting, so the parent type of ''ActorActress'', ''Artist-Performer'' is used as the parent type here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mime' in WordNet: 1. mime, mimer, mummer, pantomimer, pantomimist - (an actor who communicates entirely by gesture and facial expression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :MimeShow ] . :MimeShow :wnsense "dumb show1n", "mime2v", "pantomime1v" ; :wordnet "dumb show", "mime", "pantomime" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (for performances) of noun sense 1 of 'dumb show' in WordNet: 1. mime, pantomime, dumb show - (a performance using gestures and body movements without words) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Miming, :PerformingArtActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mime ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Mimicry :en "mimicing" ; :wnsense "ape1v", "apery1n", "mimic1v", "mimicry1n" ; :wordnet "ape", "apery", "mimic", "mimicry" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mimicry'' is a 'Repeating' of some agent's words or actions (a form of ''Acting'') by a different agent, orally or by gesture. A person can repeat what another person has said or perform some act another has performed; or an animal such as a ''Parrot' or parakeet can repeat words that it has heard. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mimic' and noun sense 1 of 'mimicry' and includes the subtype 'to ape' in WordNet: 1. mimic, mime - (imitate (a person or manner), especially for satirical effect; 'The actor mimicked the President very accurately') WN noun 'mimicry': 1. (1) apery, mimicry - (the act of mimicking; imitative behavior) WN verb 'ape': 1. ape - (imitate uncritically and in every aspect; 'Her little brother apes her behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imitating . :Miming :eng "miming" ; :wnsense "mime2v", "pantomime1v" ; :wordnet "mime", "pantomime" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Thing represented in ''Miming'' can be of any type. This type includes any for of ''Miming'' included those done for amusement, as at a Party or other gathering. The professonal '''Miming'' is represented by the subtype ''MimeShow'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mime' in WordNet: 2. mime, pantomime - (act out without words but with gestures and bodily movements only; 'The acting students mimed eating an apple') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MakingAGesture ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :lacks ; owl:someValuesFrom :Speech ] . :Mince :wnsense "mince1n" ; :wordnet "mince" ; a :FoodType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mince' in WordNet: 1. mince - (food chopped into small bits; 'a mince of mushrooms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, :GranularSubstance . :Minced :en "minced" ; :enadj "minced" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MincingSomething ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Minced'' is the AttributeValue of Objects or substances that have been cut into mutiple small pieces by a ''MincingSomething'' Action. 'mincemeat pie'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MincedMeat :en "miniced meat" ; :enn "miniced meat" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MincedMeat'' is a ''MincedSubstance'' that consists mostly of Meat. NOTE: this is not ''Mincemeat'' (a food concoction) ,but can be a component of ''Mincemeat'' or of other foods. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MincedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :MincedSubstance :en "minced substance" ; :enn "minced substance" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substance that must consist mostly of small granules of matter, like GroundCoffee, but the granules need not be hard; they may consist of small piecesof any kind of matter, hard or soft,such as Food. A 'GranularSubstance' may have, as its constituent particles, a 'Grain' or (for powders) a 'Speck'. This typically consists of a ''Food'' and is used as an ingredient in a Food. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MincingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Mincemeat :wnsense "mincemeat1n" ; :wordnet "mincemeat" ; a :FoodType, :MixtureType, :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mincemeat' in WordNet: 1. mincemeat - (spiced mixture of chopped raisins and apples and other ingredients with or without meat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodConcoction, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spice ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Mincing :hasAdverbialForm :Daintily ; :wnsense "dainty1adj", "dainty4adj", "mincing1adj", "nice4adj", "niminy-piminy1adj", "overnice1adj", "prim1adj", "prissy2adj", "squeamish1adj", "twee1adj" ; :wordnet "dainty", "mincing", "nice", "niminy-piminy", "overnice", "prim", "prissy", "squeamish", "twee" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Also 'dainty': The attribute of a Person who tends to avoid or expresses a dislike of objects or actions that are not refined; overly fastidious. Sense of 'refined': 1. (2) refined - ((used of persons and their behavior) cultivated and genteel; 'she was delicate and refined and unused to hardship'; 'refined people with refined taste') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mincing' and sense 1 and 4 of 'dainty' in WordNet: 1. (1) dainty, mincing, niminy-piminy, prim, twee - (affectedly dainty or refined) 4. dainty, nice, overnice, prissy, squeamish - (excessively fastidious and easily disgusted; 'too nice about his food to take to camp cooking'; 'so squeamish he would only touch the toilet handle with his elbow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute . :MincingSomething :eng "mincing" ; :wnsense "mince3v" ; :wordnet "mince" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MincingSomething'' is a ''ChoppingUpSomething'' that produces a ''Mince'', a granular material. This is usually used for solid foods, but may be used for soft non-food objects. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'mince' in WordNet: 3. mince - (cut into small pieces; 'mince the garlic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChoppingUpSomething, :PulverizationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MincedSubstance ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Mind :guid "bd58d06f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mind" ; :wnsense "brain3n", "head3n", "mind1n", "nous2n", "psyche1n" ; :wordnet "brain", "head", "mind", "nous", "psyche" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'Mind' is a MentalObject that is the 'location' for the processes of thinking and understanding and feeling in animals. As a non-material thing, it is a vague notion that is defined in various ways, discussed below. Every Mind is 'located' at some Brain; if a Mind is reified, the Brain it is located at must also be reified (and by transitivity, the animal having that Brain). In some usages, the Mind might be considered equivalent to the Brain, but it has traditionally been used to refer to a non-material thing, and will be use dthat way in COSMO. The intimate relation of the Mind to the Brain is indicated by the 'isLocatedAt' restriction. This includes several senses of 'mind' in Random House Webster, but includes the processes that produce emotions as well as rational thinking. RHW sense 1,3, and 4 exclude feelings (sense 2 seems to be more inclusive) and WordNet sense 1 includes feelings, whereas sense 7 appears closer to the COSMO 'Intellect' and to RHW senses 1,3, and 4. In COSMO, Feeling is also located in the Mind. To make the distinction, the type 'Intellect' is used to refer to the *part* of the Mind that is responsible for thinking and reasoning; this is not a physical object, but is used to make sense of statements about what goes on 'in the mind' of a person. RWH 'mind': 1. (in a human or other conscious being) the element, part, substance, or process that reasons, thinks, feels, wills, perceives, judges, etc.: the processes of the human mind. 2. Psychol. the totality of conscious and unconscious mental processes and activities. 3. intellect or understanding, as distinguished from the faculties of feeling and willing; intelligence. 4. a particular instance of the intellect or intelligence, as in a person. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'mind' in WordNet: 1. (121) mind, head, brain, psyche, nous - (that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason; 'his mind wandered'; 'I couldn't get his words out of my head') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Brain ] . :MindBoggling :en "mindblowing" ; :enadj "mindblowing" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :wnsense "mind-boggling1adj" ; :wordnet "mind-boggling" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mind-boggling' in Wordnet: 1. mind-boggling - (intellectually or emotionally overwhelming; 'a mind-boggling display'; 'a mind-boggling puzzle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Overwhelming . :Mindful :isTheOppositeOf :Unmindful ; :wnsense "aware2adj", "mindful1adj" ; :wordnet "aware", "mindful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mindful'' is an Attribute of people who are paying attention to their activities and surroundings, and aware of potential problems. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mindful' in Wordnet: 1. (3) mindful, aware - (bearing in mind; attentive to; \"ever mindful of her health\"; \"mindful of his responsibilities\"; \"mindful of these criticisms, I shall attempt to justify my action\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Mine :guid "c0f2a58a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mine" ; :wnsense "mine1n" ; :wordnet "mine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Mine is a means of access to some 'GeologicalReservoir' of Ore. An open-pit mine is still a ''Mine'' but an open pit source of stone is a ''Quarry''. In Cyc called 'Mine-Hole' (no comments). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mine' in WordNet: 1. (13) mine - (excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeepHoleInTheGround, :Facility-Generic, :FixedStructure, :MineralResource, :Path-Physical, :UndergroundLocation, :UsefulSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ore ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mineral ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :Mine-Weapon :guid "bd768f81-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mine2n" ; :wordnet "mine" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mine-Weapon' is an ''ExplosiveDevice'' that is concealed or hard to see, designed to explode when a moving object contacts it, designed mostly to be used as a ''Weapon''. This includes ''LandMine''s and 'NavalMine''s. CYC: A specialization of #$Bomb-ProximityTriggered. Each instance of #$Mine-Weapon is a self-contained explosive device designed to be buried just under the ground surface or to be released in water. Mines have sensing and triggering mechanisms which detonate the #$ExplosiveDevices in the mine when something comes near it. They are sown or released randomly to destroy a passing vehicle, ship, or human target without regard to allegiance or combatant status. #$Mine-Weapons which are buried on the land are referred to as #$LandMines; those which are used in water are simply grouped under #$Mine-Weapons. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mine' in WordNet: 2. (5) mine - (explosive device that explodes on contact; designed to destroy vehicles or ships or to kill or maim personnel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bomb, :ExplosiveDevice, :Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Injurious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dangerous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Miner :wnsense "miner1n" ; :wordnet "miner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miner' in WordNet: 1. (2) miner, mineworker - (laborer who works in a mine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManualLaborer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mine ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :Mineral :guid "c1008900-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mineral" ; :wnsense "mineral1n" ; :wordnet "mineral" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalSubstance that is in a solid and usually crystalline form, and inorganic (possibly except for some small amount of included organic material), In COSMO this is a Substance, not an Object, whereas the Cyc term is an Object. This is the solid substance: when molten it is not considered 'Mineral' in COSMO. A Mineral need not be natural (found in the ground), only crystalline and inorganic. Aggregates in nature having different types of crystals willnot be themselves 'minerals' but will have minerals as parts. In some discussions, water in the ground is referred to as a 'mineral', but that is not included in this type. Cyc: A specialization of #$InanimateThing-Natural. Each instance of #$Mineral is a piece of homogeneous inorganic physical substance that has a crystalline structure. Specializations of #$Mineral include the collections #$Diamond, #$Turquoise-Gem, #$Jade-Gem, and #$Corundum. SUMO: Any of various naturally occurring homogeneous substances (such as stone, coal, salt, sulfur, sand, petroleum), or synthetic substances having the chemical composition and crystalline form and properties of a naturally occurring mineral. Includes but is not rstricted to the natural minerals in the Wordnet definition: in WordNet: 1. (9) mineral - (solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicMaterial, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MineralObject :guid "c1008900-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InanimateThing-Natural. Each instance of #$Mineral is a piece of homogeneous inorganic physical substance that has a crystalline structure. Specializations of #$Mineral include the collections #$Diamond, #$Turquoise-Gem, #$Jade-Gem, and #$Corundum. @ToDo: should we include aggregates of different Minerals in this? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrystallineObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mineral ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :MineralResource :wnsense "mineral1n" ; :wordnet "mineral" ; a :NaturalResourceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of something nonliving - object or substance - that is found in nature underground, an which can be extracted by mining or drilling to be obtained and used for practical purposes. This includes solids (coal,ores) liquids (petroleum, fossil water), or gas (natural gas,helium). It is a ''MineralResource'' while still underground, but after removal it becomes a ''ProcessedNaturalSubstance'' or ''ProcessedNaturalObject''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'mineral' in Wordnet: 1. (9) mineral - (solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalResource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UndergroundLocation ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :MineralType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MineralType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''Mineral'' to allow an argument restriction for the relations on ''Mineral''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StoneType . :MiniVan :wnsense "minivan1n" ; :wordnet "minivan" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MiniVan'' is a ''PassengerVan'' that is the smallest of the ''RoadVehicle''s called ''Van'', used mostly for carryng passengers and small packages. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minivan' in WordNet: 1. minivan - (a small box-shaped passenger van; usually has removable seats; used as a family car) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PassengerVan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassengerVan ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ] . :Miniature :wnsense "miniature1adj" ; :wordnet "miniature" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Miniature'' is an object that is ''Smaller'' than another of otherwise similar characteristics. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miniature' in Wordnet: 1. (1) miniature - (being on a very small scale; 'a miniature camera') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Smaller . :MiniatureToy :wnsense "miniature2n", "toy3n" ; :wordnet "miniature", "toy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''\"MiniatureToy'' is a non-functional ''ToyReplica' produced on a much smaller scale than the original, often as a 'Toy'' or as a collector's item or just a 'tchotchke' (knicknack). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'miniature' in WordNet: 2. (1) miniature, toy - (copy that reproduces something in greatly reduced size) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToyReplica . :Minicomputer :guid "c10aea49-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "minicomputer1n" ; :wordnet "minicomputer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Smallish multiple-user machine, like VAXes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minicomputer' in WordNet: 1. minicomputer - (a digital computer of medium size) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultipleUserComputer . :Minimizing :en "minimalise", "minimalize" ; :wnsense "minimise2v", "minimize1v" ; :wordnet "minimise", "minimize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Minimizing'' is a 'Reduction' in some magnitude so that the resulting magnitude is the smallest possible (in some context). RHW 'minimalize': to make minimal: to minimalize tax increases. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'minimize' in WordNet: 1. (12) minimize, minimise - (make small or insignificant; 'Let's minimize the risk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Minimum ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Minimum :en "lowest" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalAttribute, :QuantitativeAttributeValue ; :wnsense "minimal1adj", "minimum1adj" ; :wordnet "minimal", "minimum" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Minimum'' is an AttributeValue that may be qualitative or quantitative, and is applied to values of ''PhysicalAttribute''s that are ordered in some way, such as temperature, IQ, speed, hardness, age. This attribute implies some average or most common value relative to which the property is lesser or smallest. Something ''Minimal'' is not just 'smaller' than another of the same tye, but the smallest possible or feasible. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minimum' in WordNet: 1. (23) minimal, minimum - (the least possible; 'needed to enforce minimal standards'; 'her grades were minimal'; 'minimum wage'; 'a minimal charge for the service') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LowValued, :Smaller . :MinimumAge a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MinimumAge'' is an 'AgeInYears''; an age below that may be a property.that some type cannot have if this property is asserted. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgeInYears . :MinimumValue a :AbstractText, owl:Thing . :Mining :guid "bd63c2e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mine1v", "mining1n" ; :wordnet "mine", "mining" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Extracting minerals and other resources from the earth by ''Excavating'' (''DiggingAHole''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mining' and verb sense 1 of 'mine' in Wordnet: 1. (3) mining, excavation - (the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth) WN verb 'mine': 1. (3) mine - (get from the earth by excavation; 'mine ores and metals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excavating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPurposeOfObtaining ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :Miniskirt :guid "be0eb302-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mini1n", "miniskirt1n" ; :wordnet "mini", "miniskirt" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An instance is a very short skirt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miniskirt' in WordNet: 1. miniskirt, mini - (a very short skirt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skirt, :WomensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Minister :guid "bd5af1d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "minister" ; :wnsense "curate1n", "minister of religion1n", "minister1n", "parson1n", "rector1n" ; :wordnet "curate", "minister", "minister of religion", "parson", "rector" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Person, usually male, who is the leader of a authorized to conduct religious worship in a Christian church that is not Catholic or Epicopalian. For the latter, the corresponding title is 'Priest' The WordNet sense is broader. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'minister' in WordNet: 1. (10) curate, minister of religion, minister, parson, pastor, rector - (a person authorized to conduct religious worship; 'clergymen are usually called ministers in Protestant churches') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric . :Ministerial :pertainsTo :Minister ; :wnsense "ministerial1adj" ; :wordnet "ministerial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ministerial'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Minister'' (a 'minister of religion') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ministerial' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ministerial - (of or relating to a minister of religion or the minister's office; 'ministerial duties') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Ministerial-Government :pertainsTo :Minister ; :wnsense "ministerial2adj" ; :wordnet "ministerial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ministerial'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''GovernmentMinister'' (any of the various subtypes). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ministerial' in Wordnet: 2. ministerial - (of or relating to a government minister or ministry; 'ministerial decree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Ministering :en "ministering" ; :isTheOccupationOfA :Minister ; :wnsense "minister2v", "ministry4n" ; :wordnet "minister", "ministry" ; a :ActionType, :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ministering'' is the Occupation (the type of work) of a ''Minister''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'minister' in WordNet: 2. minister - (work as a minister; \"She is ministering in an old parish\") WN Includes noun sense 4 of 'ministry' in WordNet: 4. ministry - (the work of a minister of religion; 'he is studying for the ministry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occupation . :Ministry :wnsense "ministry1n" ; :wordnet "ministry" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Ministry'' is the subtype of ''Clergy'' whose members are Protestant Ministers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ministry' in WordNet: 1. (1) ministry - (religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clergy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Minister ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] ; owl:disjointWith :Laity . :Mink :guid "bd5eefbc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mink3n" ; :wordnet "mink" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mink' in Wordnet: 3. mink - (slender-bodied semiaquatic mammal having partially webbed feet; valued for its fur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mustelidae . :MinkCoat :guid "bf235555-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mink coat1n", "mink1n" ; :wordnet "mink", "mink coat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of fur coats made out of the fur of instances of #$Mink. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mink coat' in WordNet: 1. mink, mink coat - (fur coat made from the soft lustrous fur of minks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurCoat . :Minnow :wnsense "minnow1n" ; :wordnet "minnow" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small fish, especially 'Phoxinus phoxinus' Includes sense 3 of 'minnow'in RHW: RHW: 3. any of various unrelated, small fishes Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minnow' in WordNet: 1. minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus - (very small European freshwater fish common in gravelly streams) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BonyFish . :MinorChild :wnsense "fry3n", "kid1n", "minor1n", "nestling1n", "nipper1n", "shaver2n", "small fry2n", "tiddler1n", "tike2n", "tyke3n", "youngster1n" ; :wordnet "fry", "kid", "minor", "nestling", "nipper", "shaver", "small fry", "tiddler", "tike", "tyke", "youngster" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MinorChild'' is a ''Child'' that has not reached the age at which s/he can make important or legally binding decisions without . parental consent - in most jurisdictions, 18 years Therefore a''MinorChild'' is 17 years of age or younger.. Many of the terms refer mostly to those under ten years of age. NO WN sense covers this exactly. RHW noun 'minor' (9): a person under the legal age of full responsibility. Corresponds to part (minor) of noun sense 1 of 'child' in WordNet: 1. (625) child, kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry, tiddler, tike, tyke, fry, nestling - (a young person of either sex; 'she writes books for children'; 'they're just kids'; ''tiddler' is a British term for youngsters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Child, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaximumAge17 ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ] . :MinorMistake :ldoce "slip" ; :wnsense "miscue2n", "parapraxis1n", "slip-up1n", "slip2n" ; :wordnet "miscue", "parapraxis", "slip", "slip-up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MistakenAction' (error) that has only minor (or perhaps no) negative consequences. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slip' and sense 1 of 'gaffe' in WordNet: 2. (1) slip, slip-up, miscue, parapraxis - (a minor inadvertent mistake usually observed in speech or writing or in small accidents or memory lapses etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MistakenAction . :Minority :wnsense "minority2n" ; :wordnet "minority" ; a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Minority'' is a ''FractionalPartOfaGroup'' in which the value of the ''hasFractionMeasure'' relation is ''ER_0.0-0.5'' (another way of expressing ''LessThanHalf''). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'minority' in WordNet: 2. (2) minority - (being or relating to the smaller in number of two parts; 'when the vote was taken they were in the minority'; 'he held a minority position') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalPartOfaGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientFractionalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue ; owl:onProperty :hasFractionMeasure ] . :MintCandy :wnsense "mint candy1n", "mint4n" ; :wordnet "mint", "mint candy" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a substance. See ''CandyCane'' for an object made of ''MintCandy''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mint candy' in Wordnet: 1. mint, mint candy - (a candy that is flavored with a mint oil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Candy . :MintingaCoin :wnsense "coin2v", "mint1v", "strike18v" ; :wordnet "coin", "mint", "strike" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MintingaCoin'' is the Action of producing a ''Coin'' by hitting a 'coin blank' (unmarked metal disk) with a 'die' that has an inverse image engraved into a hard metal, thereby producing the desired positive image on the Coin. In olden days this was done by hand or with a 'press', but in modern times coins are minted by powered machines that can produce thousands per minute. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mint' in WordNet: 1. mint, coin, strike - (form by stamping, punching, or printing; 'strike coins'; 'strike a medal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imprinting, :ShapingMetalWithaDie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coin ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoinMint ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Minute :ldoce "minute" ; :relatedInternalConcept :MinuteDuration, :MinuteFn ; :wnsense "minute3n" ; :wordnet "minute" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all clock Minutes. This is a specific location in time on the real time line (in some possible world). this is close to but not exactly the same as WordNet 'minute' sense 3: in WordNet: 3. (1) moment, minute, second, instant - (a particular point in time; 'the moment he arrived the party began') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval . :MinuteDuration :ldoce "minute" ; :relatedInternalConcept :Minute ; :wnsense "minute1n" ; :wordnet "minute" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minute' in WordNet: 1. (83) minute, min - (a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour; 'he ran a 4 minute mile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeDuration . :MinuteFn a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty . :MinutesOfaMeeting :wnsense "minute5n", "minutes1n", "proceedings2n", "transactions1n" ; :wordnet "minute", "minutes", "proceedings", "transactions" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MinutesOfameeting'' is a ''PhysicalEventRecord'' containing a description of some ''Meeting'' written by a participant as a means of recording the event so as to be able to remember it accurately,particularly for remembering any decisions that weremade by the participants at that meeting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minutes' (including sense 5 of 'minute') in WordNet: 1. minutes, proceedings, transactions - (a written account of what transpired at a meeting) WN noun 'minute': 5. minute - (a short note; 'the secretary keeps the minutes of the meeting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalEventRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :FormalMeeting ] . :Miracle :ldoce "magic" ; :wnsense "miracle2n" ; :wordnet "miracle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Miracle'' is a 'SupernaturalPhenomenon' performed by ''GodTheCreator'', often but not necessarily affecting some people in a good way - unless God is punishing people for some reason. For a ''SupernaturalPhenomenon'' that is performed by a ''Person'' use ''ParanormalEvent''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'miracle' in WordNet: 2. (1) miracle - (a marvellous event manifesting a supernatural act of God) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :SupernaturalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GodTheCreator ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Miraculous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Miraculous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Miracle ; :wnsense "marvellous2adj", "marvelous3adj", "miraculous1adj" ; :wordnet "marvellous", "marvelous", "miraculous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miraculous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) marvelous, marvellous, miraculous - (being or having the character of a miracle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surprising . :MiraculousOccurence :en "miraculous occurence" ; :enn "miraculous occurence" ; :wnsense "miracle1n" ; :wordnet "miracle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MiraculousOccurence'' is an 'Occurrence' that is not a supernatural ''Miracle'' but is very surprising, indeed ''Amazing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miracle' in WordNet: 1. (7) miracle (any amazing or wonderful occurrence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amazing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amazement ; owl:onProperty :perceivingCausesMentalEvent ] ; owl:disjointWith :Miracle . :Miraculously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Miraculous ; :wnsense "miraculously1adv" ; :wordnet "miraculously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'miraculously' in Wordnet: 1. (2) miraculously - (in a miraculous manner; 'my hand grasped the gun that was, miraculously, lying on the ground beside my finger tips') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Mirage :wnsense "mirage1n" ; :wordnet "mirage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Mirage'' is an ''OpticalIllusion'' that usually occurs on the horizon in a desert or at sea due to refraction by air layers of different density. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mirage' in WordNet: 1. mirage - (an optical illusion in which atmospheric refraction by a layer of hot air distorts or inverts reflections of distant objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalIllusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizon ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RefractingLight ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Mirror :guid "bd58fe71-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mirror" ; :wnsense "mirror1n" ; :wordnet "mirror" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a reflecting surface, usually made of glass with a metal backing, or of a polished silvery metal. @ToDo: NOTE some ''Mirror''s are not used in ''Viewing'' (such as those in some research instruents), so that restriction needs modification if such devices are represented in an application. The difference between this and the parent ''ReflectiveObject'' is that this is an ArtifactObject designed to be used to view reflected images, by an agent or by a device that captures images (such as a telescope with camera). SUMO: An Artifact with a surface that is capable of displaying an image by reflecting light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mirror' and sense 1 of 'looking-glass' in WordNet: 1. (8) mirror - (polished surface that forms images by reflecting light) WN 'looking-glass' 1. looking glass, glass - (a mirror; usually a ladies' dressing mirror) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HexalateralObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :OpticalDevice, :ReflectiveObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reflecting ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reflection ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reflecting ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Viewing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Mirth :wnsense "mirth1n" ; :wordnet "mirth" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The specific subtype of emotion 'Amusement-Feeling' that can cause a person to laugh, usually due to seeing or hearing something Funny. For the more general feeling of gaiety that may accompany 'Mirth' but is usually a longer-lasting state, use 'Jolliness'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 (the only sense) of 'mirth',and sense 1 of 'hilarity' in WordNet. but this is narrower, being not just 'great merriment', but an actual feeling that one wants to laugh. For general 'great merriment' use the sister node 'Jolliness'. in Wordnet: 1. hilarity, mirth, mirthfulness, glee, gleefulness - (great merriment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amusement-Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laughing ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :MisCategorizing :en "miscategorize", "miscategorizing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MisCategorizing'' is a ''Categorizing'' Action in which the category to which something is assigned is an incorrect category. Do we need a 'CorrectCategorizing'??? To take sides in an issue?? No WN entry: RHW has an entry with no gloss. see 'Error' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Categorizing, :MistakenAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CategoryError ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Miscellaneous :wnsense "assorted1adj", "miscellaneous2adj", "mixed2adj", "motley1adj", "sundry1adj" ; :wordnet "assorted", "miscellaneous", "mixed", "motley", "sundry" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Miscellaneous'' is an AttributeValue of a Group of things (usually Objects) that are of more than two specifiable types of things. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'miscellaneous' in WordNet: 2. (2) assorted, miscellaneous, mixed, motley, sundry - (consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds (even to the point of incongruity); 'an arrangement of assorted spring flowers'; 'assorted sizes'; 'miscellaneous accessories'; 'a mixed program of baroque and contemporary music'; 'a motley crew'; 'sundry sciences commonly known as social'- I.A.Richards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Mischief :wnsense "devilment1n", "devilry2n", "deviltry2n", "mischief-making1n", "mischief1n", "mischievousness1n", "rascality1n", "roguery1n", "roguishness2n", "shenanigan1n" ; :wordnet "devilment", "devilry", "deviltry", "mischief", "mischief-making", "mischievousness", "rascality", "roguery", "roguishness", "shenanigan" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A form of wrongdoing that is not illegal other than at a misdemeanor level, nor causes harm to others,but may cause annoyance or inconvenience. This may characterize pranks played by young people or similar deeds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mischief' in WordNet: 1. (3) mischief, mischief-making, mischievousness, deviltry, devilry, devilment, rascality, roguery, roguishness, shenanigan - (reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfringingARule, :ViolatingAnObligation, :Wrongdoing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoying ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Naughty ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Miscible :isAnAttributeValueOf :TwoLiquids ; :isTheOppositeOf :Immiscible ; :wnsense "miscible1adj", "mixable1adj" ; :wordnet "miscible", "mixable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Miscible'' is the attribute of a Pair of ''LiquidSubstance''s that, when mixed and stirred, in any proportion, form a homgeneous liquid mixture that does not separate into its original components, but stays uniformly mixed. Liquids that are not ''Miscible'' (are ''Immiscible''), if shaken to produce a mixture, will produce a mixture with undissolved particles of both substances, which are likely to separate out if their specific gravities are significantly different. If there is some substance in the mixture that can bond noncovalently with the surface of one of the resulting particles such as a detergent), it may form a stable ''Emulsion'' that does not separate out, as with 'homogenized milk'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miscible' in Wordnet: 1. miscible, mixable - ((chemistry, physics) capable of being mixed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Miscreant :wnsense "miscreant1n", "reprobate1n" ; :wordnet "miscreant", "reprobate" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miscreant' in WordNet: 1. reprobate, miscreant - (a person without moral scruples) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offender . :Misdemeanor :guid "c1ef08c8-1cde-11d6-8000-00902791a840" ; :wnsense "misdemeanor1n", "misdemeanour1n" ; :wordnet "misdemeanor", "misdemeanour" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crime'' that is of less degree of seriousness than a ''Felony'' and makes the perpetrator liable to lighter punishment. Definito depends on jurisdiction. Some US states have different categories, such as 'misdemeanor; and 'high misdemeanor'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misdemeanor' in WordNet: 1. misdemeanor, misdemeanour, infraction, offence, offense, violation, infringement - (a crime less serious than a felony) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crime . :Miser :wnsense "miser1n" ; :wordnet "miser" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Miser''is a ''Person'' who is reluctant to spend any money and lives with extreme frugality, sometimes to the point of living in uncomfortable conditions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miser' in WordNet: 1. miser - (a stingy hoarder of money and possessions (often living miserably) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Saver, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Miserly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Miserable :wnsense "miserable1n", "suffering2adj", "wretched3adj" ; :wordnet "miserable", "suffering", "wretched" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Miserable'' is an intensive level of ''Unhappy'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miserable' in Wordnet: 1. (3) miserable, suffering, wretched - (very unhappy; full of misery; 'he felt depressed and miserable'; 'a message of hope for suffering humanity'; 'wretched prisoners huddled in stinking cages') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unhappy . :Miserableness :wnsense "miserableness1n", "misery1n", "wretchedness1n" ; :wordnet "miserableness", "misery", "wretchedness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Miserableness'' is an intense form of ''IllBeing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'miserableness' in WordNet: 1. misery, wretchedness, miserableness - (a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune; 'the misery and wretchedness of those slums is intolerable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IllBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Miserable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Misery ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Miserly :isAnAttributeValueOf :Miser ; :wnsense "mean6adj", "mingy1adj", "miserly1adj", "tight5adj" ; :wordnet "mean", "mingy", "miserly", "tight" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Miserly'' is a high degree of ''Frugal''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'miserly' in Wordnet: 1. mean, mingy, miserly, tight - ((used of persons or behavior) characterized by or indicative of lack of generosity; 'a mean person'; 'he left a miserly tip') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frugal . :Misery :guid "bd58a695-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "misery2n" ; :wordnet "misery" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Feeling of unhappiness and wretched condition attending distress and suffering. NOTE; Cyc has 'Misery' as a subtype of 'Grief' but in COSMO it is a subtype of Sadness, a sister node of Grief. Grief in COSMO is a feeling caused by PersonalLoss. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'misery' in WordNet: 2. misery - (a feeling of intense unhappiness; 'she was exhausted by her misery and grief') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sadness . :Misfortune :wnsense "bad luck1n", "misfortune2n" ; :wordnet "bad luck", "misfortune" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DifficultSituation that specifically involves a person or persons (or an Animal) having some difficulty as a result of Events at least one of which was beyond that Person's control. This can apply to almost any situation that was not a foreseeable and avoidable consequence . of a conscious decision taken by that Person. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'misfortune' in WordNet. NOTE that sense 1 suggests an Event causing a state of misfortune, but inconsistently says 'trouble resulting from . . '. Because its hypernym is an Event, sense 1 is interpreted as the causative Event, and is represented as 'BadLuckEvent' in WordNet: 2. (3) misfortune, bad luck, tough luck, ill luck - (an unfortunate state resulting from unfavorable outcomes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :DifficultSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :BadLuckEvent ] . :Misguided :wnsense "misguided1adj", "misguided2adj" ; :wordnet "misguided" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The WN sense 1 of ''Misguided'' should be a subAttribute. @ToDo. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'misguided' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ill-conceived, misguided - (poorly conceived or thought out; 'an ill-conceived plan to take over the company') 2. misguided, mistaken - (wrong in e.g. opinion or judgment; 'well-meaning but misguided teachers'; 'a mistaken belief'; 'mistaken identity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Erroneous . :Misinformation :wnsense "misinformation1n" ; :wordnet "misinformation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Misinformation'' is information that is false, misleading, or exaggerated, produced by a ''misinforming'' Action. This can be produced by a ''RhetoricalManeuver'' (a ''LinguisticCommunication'' that uses a ''RhetoricalDevice'' (a ''Tactic'') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misinformation' in WordNet: 1. misinformation - (information that is incorrect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion . :Misinforming :wnsense "misinform1v", "mislead2v" ; :wordnet "misinform", "mislead" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Misinforming'' is an ''Informing'' in which the information conveyed is exaggerated, misleading, or only partly true (as in leaving out important facts) or false. This can happen when a speaker uses a ''RhetoricalManeuver''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'misinform' in WordNet: 1. misinform, mislead - (give false or misleading information to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Informing, :MisleadingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Misinformation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Misleading :wnsense "deceptive2adj", "misleading1adj" ; :wordnet "deceptive", "misleading" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Misleading'' is the attribute of some assertion or proposition that may have some element of truth or fact, but as presented suggests something that is not true. This is a common attribute or rhetorical devices and political assertions accusing competitors of bad things.. This sense of 'shoddy' is not in RHW. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'misleading' in Wordnet: 1. (4) deceptive, misleading, shoddy - (designed to deceive or mislead either deliberately or inadvertently; 'the deceptive calm in the eye of the storm'; 'deliberately deceptive packaging'; 'a misleading similarity'; 'statistics can be presented in ways that are misleading'; 'shoddy business practices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MisleadingEvent :wnsense "misinform1v", "mislead2v" ; :wordnet "misinform", "mislead" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MisleadingEvent'' is a ''ConveyingInformation'' (by any means by intentional agents or by natural phenomena, whether linguistic or in other signs, or by emitting light, sound, or other signs) in such a way that the usual interpretation of the InformationObject transferred is a ''Falsehood''. This is not necessarily intentional, it can be done by optical illusions or by transmission of information that is false but not known as false by the transmitting agent, or by observations that strongly suggest incorrect interpretations. This includes as subtypes optical illusions, stage magic illusions, and all types of ''Misinforming'' including outright intentional Lying. NOTe that the WN synset 'misinform, mislead' does not distinguish between conveying information by intentional agents only and by other possible means of obtaining information. That synset is used for this type and for the subtype ''Misinforming'' as well. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mislead' in WordNet: 2. (2) misinform, mislead - (give false or misleading information to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConveyingInformation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Falsehood ] . :Misperception :en "illusion", "misperceiving", "misperception" ; :wnsense "misperceive1v" ; :wordnet "misperceive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Misperception'' is an 'ErroneousBelieving' (one not conforming to reality or fact) caused by some ''Deception'' in which some Object or Situation causes a ''IntentionalAgent'' to believe it perceives something that is not there. Here synonymous with 'misperceiving', a subtype of ''Perceiving''. The Act of receiving an erroneous perception due to a ''Deceiving'' situation is included in this type along with the PersistentState) of having an erroneous belief due to that perception. The two are so close in time as to be difficult to disentangle. Includes RHW sense 2 of 'illusion': 2. the state or condition of being deceived; misapprehension. RHW 'misperception': to understand or perceive incorrectly; misunderstand. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'misperceive' in WordNet: 1. (1) misperceive - (perceive incorrectly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ErroneousBelieving, :Perceiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deception-Generic ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Misplacing :wnsense "lose4v", "mislay1n", "misplace1n" ; :wordnet "lose", "mislay", "misplace" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Misplacing'' is an ''ActionSeries'' in which the person doing the misplacing first performs a ''PuttingSomethingDown'' and then *forgets* where the object is located (performs a ''Forgetting''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misplace' and sense 1 of'mislay' in WordNet: 1. (1) misplace, mislay, lose - (place (something) where one cannot find it again; 'I misplaced my eyeglasses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :LosingAPhysicalObject, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PuttingSomethingDown ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forgetting ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :Mispronouncing :eng "mispronouncing" ; :wnsense "mispronounce1n", "misspeak1v" ; :wordnet "mispronounce", "misspeak" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Mispronouncing' is a ''Speaking'' in which one or more of the words are incorrectly pronounced. NOTE: in this WN sybset the word 'misspeak' is misspelled(!). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mispronounce' in WordNet: 1. mispronounce, misspeak - (pronounce a word incorrectly; 'She mispronounces many Latinate words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronouncing . :Misrepresenting :wnsense "belie2v", "misrepresent1v" ; :wordnet "belie", "misrepresent" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Misrepresenting'' is a ''Misinforming'' in which the information conveyed represents or portrays something as other than it really is. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'misrepresent' in WordNet: 1. (2) misrepresent, belie - (represent falsely; 'This statement misrepresents my intentions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Misinforming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deceit ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Miss :en "Miss" ; :wnsense "Miss3n" ; :wordnet "Miss" ; a :FormOfAddress ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'Miss' in WordNet: 3. Miss - (a form of address for an unmarried woman) """ . :MissNelsonIsMissing :hasTopic :ViolaSwamp ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :SchoolInstitution-KThrough12, :Teacher ; :wasOriginallyCreatedBy :HarryAllard ; a :Fiction-DerivedWorks, :FictionalContext, :Novel ; rdfs:comment """One of three children's books introducing Miss Viola Swamp, the Meanest Teacher in theWorld. Two authors, but only one (not sure if he is dead) is formalized here. Viola Swamp, a fictional 'substitute teacher' in some children's books, here used as a Librarian for debugging. 'Miss Viola Swamp' is styled as 'the meanest substitute teacher in the whole world', in three children's picture books by Harry Allard and James Marshall, entitled Miss Nelson is Missing!, Miss Nelson is Back, and Miss Nelson Has a Field Day'""" . :Misses :en "Misses" ; a :FormOfAddress . :Missile :guid "bd58d735-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "missile1n" ; :wordnet "missile" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$ProjectileWeapon, the instances of which are self-powered and unmanned. A #$Missile may be jet-propelled or rocket-propelled. The traversal of a missile when launched may be controlled in different ways: launch-guided, midterm-guided or terminal-guided. The subcollection #$CruiseMissile contains instances that adjust their course while flying, so they are midterm-guided and terminal-guided. NOTE that Cyc requires that a Missile be an ExplosiveDevice, but in COSMO a missile that is designed to disrupt a target solely by ballistic impact is still a Missile. NOTE that in COSMO a Missile must be rocket propelled, so exclusively air-breathing engine propelled devices cannot be missiles. In SUMO, every Missile is a Spacecraft, but in COSMO missiles intended for use solely at or near the surface of the Earth are also missiles. That parent is left out in COSMO. SUMO: A Spacecraft which is propelled by a rocket. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'missile' in Wordnet: 1. (10) missile - (a rocket carrying a warhead of conventional or nuclear explosives; may be ballistic or directed by remote control) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice, :MilitaryWeapon, :ProjectileWeapon, :RocketPropelledTransportationDevice, :UnmannedAircraft . :Missing :isTheOppositeOf :Present-NotAbsent ; :wnsense "missing2adj" ; :wordnet "missing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Missing'' is a subattribute of 'Absent' characterizing things that would normally be present, but cannot be found. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'missing' in Wordnet: 2. (5) missing - (not able to be found; 'missing in action'; 'a missing person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absent . :MissingAnAppointment :ldoce "miss" ; :wnsense "miss3v", "miss5v" ; :wordnet "miss" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MissingAnAppointment' is an Event in which some IntelligentAgent fails to be (or arrive) at the location of an event, at a specific time: a meeting, a performance, the departure of a vehicle. This assumes that the agent either tried to, or at some time intended to, be at the Event. The 'MissingAnAppointment' could be a failure to be present only at some *part* of an Event: the beginning, the end, or any part of the middle. This applies to missing the departure of a vehicle from some location. 'missed the concert'; 'missed the first five minutes of the movie'; 'missed the plane'. Missing the departure of a vehicle is usually expressed in English as 'missing' the vehicle - 'missed the train', and it is understood that it is the departure and boarding process that is missed. If a person attempted to arrive at the Event, but failed to, the MissingAnAppointment would be an instance of the subtype 'FailingToArrive'. . Includes verb senses 3 and 5 of 'miss' in WordNet - sense 5 is represented by the COSMO subtype 'FailingToArrive' in WordNet: 3. (10) miss - (fail to attend an event or activity; 'I missed the concert'; 'He missed school for a week') 5. (5) miss - (fail to reach or get to; 'She missed her train') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DidNotHappenEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ; owl:someValuesFrom :Presence ] . :MissingPart :en "missing part" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MissingPart'' is a ''Part'' of *any* Entity that is not present in that entity but if present would enhance the value or 'completeness' of that entity for some purpose. The ''MissingPart'' itsef may or may not exist, absolutely or in some context. This is very vague and very broad and can be relative to some purpose or may be absolute in being necessary for the entity to exist in its full identity A Person with only one Arm has one hypothetical Arm that is a ''MissingPart''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :WholeThing ] . :MissingPiece :wnsense "hiatus2n", "lacuna1n" ; :wordnet "hiatus", "lacuna" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MissingPiece'' is a ''MissingPart'' of an Object (Physical or abstract) that was lost and has not (yet) been found. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hiatus' in WordNet: 2. hiatus - (a missing piece (as a gap in a manuscript)) WN noun 'lacuna': 1. lacuna, blank - (a blank gap or missing part) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MissingPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MissingaPayment :en "miss a payment", "missing a payment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MissingaPayment' is a ''Failing'' in which an IntelligentAgent fails to make a Payment that is due at a particular time. Depending on the circumstances, this may cause a penalty, as with missed payments for credit card debts. A series of such failures may carry heavier penalties, such as imposing a ''Lien'' on property. miss a payment """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Failure, :NonEvent, :SkippingOverSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaPaymentOnTime ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ] . :MissingaTarget :ldoce "miss" ; :wnsense "miss7v" ; :wordnet "miss" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MissingaTarget' is a motion in which some ''Projectile'' does *not* impact its ''Target'' although it was aimed at the Target object. It may come or pass or fall short by any amount. 'the shot missed the target'. See also ''Impelling'' and related concepts. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'miss' in WordNet: 7. (4) miss - (fail to reach; 'The arrow missed the target') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FailingToCollide, :Failure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ; owl:someValuesFrom :StrikingaTarget ] . :Mission :wnsense "mission2n", "mission3n" ; :wordnet "mission" ; a :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Mission is a Goal, to which the IntelligentAgent has a higher level of commitment (or determination) than for a common Goal; in addition, the Goal needs to have as a beneficiary some purpose other than benefitting the IntelligentAgent itself. A Mission may include a number of individual Goals, and will be motivated by some sense of duty, which may be self-imposed. The Random House dictionary defines this sense of Mission as: '16. an assigned or self-imposed duty or task; calling; vocation.' . The level of commitment required to make a Goal into a Mission is vague, but for this ontology it merely needs to be significantly higher than for a typical Goal. The commitment may be imposed by some authority other than the Agent with the Mission, e.g. by an employer or supervisor. A military 'mission' will typically be assigned by someone other than the persons performing the mission. Having a Mission does not necessarily mean that the IntelligentAgent with the Mission will not benefit from its accomplishment; it merely means that some other Agent must also benefit. Thus a commercial company can have as its 'Mission' the total satisfaction of its customers. That benefits both the company and its customers. Includes but is broader than senses 2 and 3 of 'mission' in WordNet; the COSMO 'Mission' can be but does not have to be assigned by anyone other than the agent with the 'Mission': in WordNet: 2. (8) mission, military mission - (an operation that is assigned by a higher headquarters; 'the planes were on a bombing mission') 3. (8) mission, charge, commission - (a special assignment that is given to a person or group; 'a confidential mission to London'; 'his charge was deliver a message') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAssignedByAuthority ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :MississippiRiver :guid "bd5903a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The chief river of the North American Continent and one of the worlds great rivers.""" . :Missonary :wnsense "missionary1n", "missionary2n", "missioner1n" ; :wordnet "missionary", "missioner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Missonary'' is an ''AdvocateForaCause'' an ''AdvocatingaBelief'' Action. This can be done one-on-one or by addressing an audience of any size through any medium. The 'cause' is a ''Reigion''. NOTE:this is for a Person whose main effort is to convert people from one religion (or no religion) to another. Local preachers and pastors in established churches or synagogues or mosques are not instances. Includes part of both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'missionary' in WordNet, specifically for advoting a reigion,whether at home or in a foreign land.: in WordNet: 1. (3) missionary - (someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program) 2. missionary, missioner - (someone sent on a mission-especially a religious or charitable mission to a foreign country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdvocateForaCause, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreachingaReligion ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :MissouriRiver :flowsInto :MississippiRiver ; :guid "bd58ba06-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The longest river in the United States and the most important tributary of the Mississippi river.""" . :Misspelling :eng "misspelling" ; :wnsense "misspell1v" ; :wordnet "misspell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Misspelling'' is the act of incorrectly ''Spelling'' in oral or written form, listing the letters in the wrong sequence or leaving out or adding letters inappropriately. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'misspell' in WordNet: 1. misspell - (spell incorrectly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erroneous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MisspendingMoney :wnsense "misspend2v" ; :wordnet "misspend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MisspendingMoney'' is the act of spending some quantity of Money unwisely or inapproriately or illegally. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'misspend' in WordNet: 2. misspend - (spend (money or other resources) unwisely) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpendingMoney . :MisspendingTime :wnsense "misspend1v" ; :wordnet "misspend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MisspendingTime'' is a ''SpendingTime'' is an ''Unwise'' manner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misspend' in WordNet: 1. misspend - (spend time badly or unwisely; 'He misspent his youth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpendingTime . :Mist :guid "be00afc2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mist" ; :wnsense "mist1n" ; :wordnet "mist" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A kind of suspension in which particles of liquid are suspended in a gas. These may be natural, as on a misty morning, or artificially created. This is suspensions of liquid, not solid, therefore are not composed of ''ParticulateMatter'' - see ''Smoke''. Includes but is not restricted to the morning 'mist' of the Wordnet sense (see subtype ''Fog''): in WordNet: 1. (11) mist - (a thin fog with condensation near the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CloudlikeObject . :MistakenAction :ldoce "mistake" ; :wnsense "error1n", "error4n", "fault4n", "mistake1n" ; :wordnet "error", "fault", "mistake" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that has a result either different from the intended result, or having a consequence that is bad for the agent doing the action. It may not be immediately evident to the agent or others that an Action is a MistakenAction, if there are delayed or unrecognized negative consequences. This sense includes the baseball sense of 'error' Includes noun sense 1 of 'mistake' and senses 1 and 4 of 'error' in WordNet: 1. (13) mistake, error, fault - (a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention; 'he made a bad mistake'; 'she was quick to point out my errors'; 'I could understand his English in spite of his grammatical faults') WN 'error': 4. (3) error, misplay - ((baseball) a failure of a defensive player to make an out when normal play would have sufficed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Error . :MistakenAssumption :en "erroneous assumption", "false assumption", "mistaken assumption" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FalseAssumption'' is a any 'Assumption' that is ''ProvablyFalse''. Not necessarily a ''Belief'' - it could be tentative, or a hypothesis. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assumption, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProvablyFalse ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Mistakenly :isAnAttributeValueOf :HumanActivity ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Misguided ; :wnsense "erroneously1adv", "mistakenly1adv" ; :wordnet "erroneously", "mistakenly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mistakenly'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions that are based on a ''Misguided'' opinion, view,or idea held by the Actor. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'mistakenly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) mistakenly, erroneously - (in a mistaken manner; 'he mistakenly believed it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Mister :wnsense "Mr.1n", "Mr1n", "mister1n" ; :wordnet "Mr", "Mr.", "mister" ; a :FormOfAddress ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mister' in WordNet: 1. mister, Mr, Mr. - (a form of address for a man) """ . :Mistletoe :guid "bd58b2dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Old World mistletoe1n", "Viscum album1n", "mistletoe2n" ; :wordnet "Old World mistletoe", "Viscum album", "mistletoe" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mistletoe' in WordNet: 2. mistletoe, Viscum album, Old World mistletoe - (Old World parasitic shrub having branching greenish stems with leathery leaves and waxy white glutinous berries; the traditional mistletoe of Christmas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush . :MistreatingaPerson :en "step on", "step over" ; :wnsense "abuse1v", "ill-treat1v", "ill-use1v", "maltreat1v", "mistreat1v", "mistreatment1n" ; :wordnet "abuse", "ill-treat", "ill-use", "maltreat", "mistreat", "mistreatment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MistreatingaPerson'' is a ''WrongingSomeone'' where the agent(s) wronged did not so anything to harm the Person doing the mistreating. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mistreat' in WordNet: 1. mistreat, maltreat, abuse, ill-use, step, ill-treat - (treat badly; 'This boss abuses his workers'; 'She is always stepping on others to get ahead') WN noun 'mistreatment': 1. mistreatment - (the practice of treating (someone or something) badly; 'he should be punished for his mistreatment of his mother') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbusingAnAnimal, :InflictingAnUnpleasantEventOnSomeone, :WrongingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :Mistress :wnsense "fancy woman1n", "kept woman1n", "mistress1n" ; :wordnet "fancy woman", "kept woman", "mistress" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mistress' in WordNet: 1. (4) mistress, kept woman, fancy woman - (an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Woman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualAffair ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] ; owl:disjointWith :Wife . :Mistrust :guid "bd58e231-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "distrust1n", "misgiving3n", "mistrust1n", "suspicion2n" ; :wordnet "distrust", "misgiving", "mistrust", "suspicion" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType, #$Mistrust represents the feeling or attitude an agent has towards something that it considers unreliable, suspicious, or otherwise untrustworthy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mistrust' in Wordnet: 1. misgiving, mistrust, distrust, suspicion - (doubt about someone's honesty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Doubt . :Misunderstanding :wnsense "be amiss1n", "misapprehend1v", "misconceive1v", "misconstrue1v", "misinterpret3v", "misinterpretation1n", "mistaking1n", "misunderstand1v", "misunderstanding1n" ; :wordnet "be amiss", "misapprehend", "misconceive", "misconstrue", "misinterpret", "misinterpretation", "mistaking", "misunderstand", "misunderstanding" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Misunderstanding''is a 'FailingToUnderstand' where the Person who performs the ''Misunderstanding'' believes that s/he in fact understands correctly. Whereas, knowing that one does not understand causes ''Bafflement''. This is an Action, so the wrongly understaood Proposition that is ''Erroneous'' is a different type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misunderstand' in WordNet: 1. (3) misconstrue, misinterpret, misconceive, misunderstand, misapprehend, be amiss - (interpret in the wrong way; 'Don't misinterpret my comments as criticism'; 'She misconstrued my remarks') WN noun 'misunderstanding': 1. (1) misinterpretation, misunderstanding, mistaking - (putting the wrong interpretation on; 'his misinterpretation of the question caused his error'; 'there was no mistaking her meaning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FailingToUnderstand, :MistakenAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Understanding ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :ErroneousBelief ] . :MisusingSomething :wnsense "abuse2v", "abuse3n", "abuse4v", "misuse1n", "misuse2v", "pervert3v" ; :wordnet "abuse", "misuse", "pervert" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MisusingSomething'' is an ''AbusingSomething'' in which the thing 'abused' is not an animal, but an inanimate Object (abstract or concrete) or substance. The thing harmed in this case could be the user. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'abuse' in WordNet: 3. misuse, abuse - (improper or excessive use) WN verb 'abuse': 2. (2) pervert, misuse, abuse - (change the inherent purpose or function of something; 'Don't abuse the system'; 'The director of the factory misused the funds intended for the health care of his workers') 4. abuse - (use wrongly or improperly or excessively; 'Her husband often abuses alcohol'; 'while she was pregnant, she abused drugs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbusingSomething . :Mite :guid "bd58a8a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mite2n" ; :wordnet "mite" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Tiny almost invsible arachnids that feed on plants or animals and can damage crops. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mite' in WordNet: 2. mite - (any of numerous very small to minute arachnids often infesting animals or plants or stored foods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arachnid, :BloodFeedingArthropod, :Parasite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.001"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :Miticide :en "miticide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Miticide'' isa chemical substance that can kill ''Mite''s. It can be used to kill mites on plants or on animals. RHW 'miticide': a substance or preparation for killing mites. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToxicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mite ; owl:onProperty :canKill ] . :Mitigating :wnsense "mitigate2v" ; :wordnet "mitigate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mitigating'' is an Action causing a decrease in a Person's 'Discomfort' or the ''Severity'' of some conditions under which a Person must live, or of the 'Cruelness'' of some behavior that a Person must endure, without increasing any of those situations. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mitigate' in WordNet: 2. mitigate - (make less severe or harsh; 'mitigating circumstances') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Easing, :RemovingaRestriction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Discomfort :Severity :Cruelness ) ] ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :Mitten :guid "be01fb7b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasPluralForm "mittens" ; :wnsense "mitten1n" ; :wordnet "mitten" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mitten' in WordNet: 1. mitten - (glove that encases the thumb separately and the other four fingers together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :Glove . :Mixed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Mixing ; :wnsense "amalgamated2adj", "integrated5adj", "intermingled1adj", "mixed1adj" ; :wordnet "amalgamated", "integrated", "intermingled", "mixed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mixed'' is an Attribute of Objects or Substances that have been mixed together i.e. subject to a 'Mixing' process. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mixed' in WordNet: 1. (9) amalgamated, intermingled, mixed, integrated - (caused to combine or unite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :MixedCultures :en "mixed cultures" ; :enn "mixed cultures" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MixedCultures'' is a Group of ''Cultures'' that coexist in some ''GeographicalArea'', usually an UrbanArea. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Culture ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Multiculturalism ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ] . :MixedDrink :hasComponentSubstance :EthylAlcohol ; :wnsense "mixed drink1n" ; :wordnet "mixed drink" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mixed drink' in WordNet: 1. mixed drink - (made of two or more ingredients) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlcoholicBeverage . :Mixing :en "mixing" ; :ldoce "mix" ; :wnsense "amalgamate1v", "blend in2v", "blend1v", "commingle2v", "immix1v", "merge2v", "mingle1v", "mix in1v", "mix in2v", "mix1v", "mix3v", "mix4v", "mix5v" ; :wordnet "amalgamate", "blend", "blend in", "commingle", "immix", "merge", "mingle", "mix", "mix in" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The generic Event in which two or more things (substances, objects, events) are brought together to form a new thing with a separate identity from the original things, by an intentional or natural process. This is the most generic 'mixing'. Includes verb senses 1, 3, 4, and 5 of 'mix' in WordNet: 1. (7) blend, flux, mix, conflate, commingle, immix, fuse, coalesce, meld, combine, merge - (mix together different elements; 'The colors blend well') 3. (1) mix, mingle, commix, unify, amalgamate - (to bring or combine together or with something else; 'resourcefully he mingled music and dance') 4. (1) mix - (combine (electronic signals); 'mixing sounds') 5. (1) mix, mix in - (add as an additional element or part; 'mix water into the drink') WN verb 'mix in': 1. (2) blend in, mix in - (cause (something) to be mixed with (something else); 'At this stage of making the cake, blend in the nuts') 2. mix, mix in - (add as an additional element or part; 'mix water into the drink') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combining, :Creation . :MixingSubstances :guid "bd58e9f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mix" ; :wnsense "mix1n", "mix1v", "mix3n" ; :wordnet "mix", "mixing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of *intentionally* mixing two or more Substances to create a Mixture. Called 'Mixing' in Cyc: A collection of events: an instance of #$CreationTypeByMethod and a specialization of #$PhysicalCreationEvent, #$Incorporation-Physical and #$MaterialHandling. In each instance of this collection two or more substances are combined to form a #$Mixture. Notable specializations include #$Diluting and #$Aerosolizing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mix', and part of noun senses 3 of 'mix' and 1 of 'mixing' in WordNet: 1. (7) blend, flux, mix, conflate, commingle, immix, fuse, coalesce, meld, combine, merge - (mix together different elements; 'The colors blend well') WN: 'mixing' 3. mix, commixture, admixture, mixture, intermixture, mixing - (the act of mixing together; 'paste made by a mix of flour and water'; 'the mixing of sound channels in the recording studio') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Incorporation-Physical, :MaterialHandling, :Mixing, :PhysicalCreationEvent . :Mixture :guid "bd58e89f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mix", "mixture" ; :wnsense "mix1n", "mixture1n" ; :wordnet "mix", "mixture" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalSubstance that is not a single chemical entity, but has more than one component. The restriction requires that at least two components be named. A Mixture is a substance that by its nature must be made up of more than one component. Steel and SeaWater are examples. CYC: A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$Mixture is a homogeneous partially tangible thing composed of two or more different constituents (see the predicate #$constituents) which have been mixed. The inputs to this mixing do not form chemical bonds among themselves, and at a later time the mixture may be separated back out into these inputs. Specializations of #$Mixture include #$Blood, #$Mud, #$Air, and #$CarbonatedBeverage. Note that each instance of #$Mixture has a composition but not a structure; thus, the following are _not_ instances of #$Mixture, since all have some structure: a wet sponge, a person, or a portion of plywood. NOTE that WN sense 2 could be represented by a subtype 'FoodMixture' (not in Rev1123). Includes noun senses 1 of 'mixture' and noun sense 1 of 'mix' in WordNet: 1. (39) mixture - ((chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)) WN noun 'mix': 1. mix, premix - (a commercially prepared mixture of dry ingredients) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistingStuffType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :MixtureDuo a :MixtureType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MixtureDuo'' is a 'Mixture'' having exactly two component substances (which could themselves be mixtures) that impart the dominent characteristics to the Mixture. here may be trace contaminents or even intentionally added materials that do not affect the main characteristics of the mMixture. The two component substances do not have to be closely matched in quantity. 'SterlingSilver' for example is a mixture of 92.5% silver and 7.5% copper. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :MixtureType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """MixtureType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances that are combinations of two or more substances. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType . :MmMercury a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """MmMercury is a UnitOfMeasure for barometricPressure. It is used to express the number of millimeters of mercury supported in a mercurial barometer by the surrounding air pressure.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PressureMeasure . :Moaning :wnsense "groan1n", "groan1v", "moan1n", "moan1v", "sough2v" ; :wordnet "groan", "moan", "sough" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Moaning'' is Making a low soft audible sound, indiciative of some form of distress or displeasure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moan' in WordNet: 1. (3) groan, moan, sough - (indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure; 'The students groaned when the professor got out the exam booklets'; 'The ancient door soughed when opened') WN noun 'moan': 1. (1) groan, moan - (an utterance expressing pain or disapproval) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, :Vocalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] . :Moat :guid "bdc9e758-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fosse1n", "moat1n" ; :wordnet "fosse", "moat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of artifacts. Each instance of #$Moat is a deep wide trench around a building (e.g. a castle) usually filled with water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moat' in WordNet: 1. moat, fosse - (ditch dug as a fortification and usually filled with water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ditch, :Excavation-Hole, :ProtectiveObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Mob :wnsense "mob1n" ; :wordnet "mob" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mob'' is a ''CrowdOfPeople'' that is unorganized and unruly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mob' in Wordnet: 1. (11) mob, rabble, rout - (a disorderly crowd of people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrowdOfPeople . :MobOfHair-Mammal :guid "bd58afe2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hair" ; :wnsense "hair1n" ; :wordnet "hair" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'HairObject' can be any quantity of hair. A MobOfHair must be more than a few strands, enough so that the individual strands recede in perception to the collection as a whole. Cyc: A mob of hairs found on mammals. Close to the Wordnet 'hair' sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (59) hair - (a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss; 'he combed his hair'; 'each hair consists of layers of dead keratinized cells') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :HairObject, :MobOfThings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hair ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hair-Strand ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MobOfThings :guid "bd58ed36-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is a Group of any objects, not just people. Derived from the CYC term 'Mob'. A ''MobOfThings'' has a minimum size larger than a ''Bunch''; the minimum number of members in a 'MobOfThings' is perhaps 15. In Cyc a mountain range is a MobOfThings of mountains, so the number cannot be too large. CYC: A specialization of #$Group. Each instance of #$Mob is a group that contains a large number of objects or events of the same type. Mobs typically have more members than would be feasible to enumerate or reify. One rarely refers to particular members of a given mob; and when one does, it is usually only to relatively few of them. Examples: the #$Andes-Mountains is a mob of mountains; each instance of #$Galaxy is a mob of stars; a cupful of sand is a mob of grains of sand; and making popcorn involves a mob of corn kernel bursting events. See also #$MobFn.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalGroup, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :Mobile :isTheOppositeOf :Immobile, :Stationary ; :wnsense "mobile1adj" ; :wordnet "mobile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mobile'' is the attribute of objects that are able to be moved or move under their own power (as a 'mobile home'), so that they can be relocated from one place to another. The maximum size for something like this would be about the size of a large trailer or piece of earth-moving machinery on tracks. The kind of ''Motion'' is unrestricted, so that the moving of a tongue in the process of speaking maks the tongue ''Mobile''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mobile' in Wordnet: 1. (10) mobile - (moving or capable of moving readily (especially from place to place); 'a mobile missile system'; 'the tongue is...the most mobile articulator') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MobileHome :wnsense "mobile home1n" ; :wordnet "mobile home" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MobileHome'' is any Conveyance that has a wheeled residence compartment, whether it is a ''Trailer'' or has a motorized cab integrated as a unit. This does not include movable pre-built residential units that are transported by a separate conveyance to be placed on the ground, and cannot easily be moved from place to place. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mobile home' in WordNet: 1. mobile home, manufactured home - (a large house trailer that can be connected to utilities and can be parked in one place and used as permanent housing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residence, :Trailer . :MobilePlatform a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MobilePlatform is a Platform designed to support something and to carry it from place to place. For the military 'platform' use ''WeaponsPlatform''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic, :Platform, :SupportingConveyance . :Mobility :wnsense "mobility1n" ; :wordnet "mobility" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mobility'' is the Quality (a ''PersistentState'') of something able to be moved or move under their its power (as a 'mobile home'), so that they can be relocated from one place to another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mobility' in WordNet: 1. (2) mobility - (the quality of moving freely) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Mobile ] . :MobilityAid :en "mobility aid" ; :guid "c02747ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisabilityAidEquipment . :MobilizingTroops :en "call to arms" ; :eng "mobilizing" ; :env "call to arms" ; :wnsense "call up4v", "mobilisation2n", "mobilise1v", "mobilization1n", "mobilize2v", "rally2v" ; :wordnet "call up", "mobilisation", "mobilise", "mobilization", "mobilize", "rally" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE:'militarization' is not usually used for assembling troops - term is omitted. @ToDo: A different sense is needed. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mobilize' in WordNet: 2. (2) call up, mobilize, mobilise, rally - (call to arms; of military personnel) WN noun 'mobilization': 1. (1) mobilization, mobilisation, militarization, militarisation - (act of assembling and putting into readiness for war or other emergency: \"mobilization of the troops\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarshallingResources, :SendingForSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryPersonnel ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Moccasin :guid "bd58ad68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mocassin1n", "moccasin1n" ; :wordnet "mocassin", "moccasin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Boots made mainly of leather, without a heel. NOTE: this means without an attached hard 'heel'. Needs a type of that 'heel'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moccasin' in WordNet: 1. moccasin, mocassin - (soft leather shoe; originally worn by native Americans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shoe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comfortable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Mocking :wnsense "mock2v" ; :wordnet "mock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Mocking'' is a ''Mimicry'' with the intention of deriding the thing mimicked Corresponds to ver sense 2 of 'mock' in WordNet: 2. mock - (imitate with mockery and derision; 'The children mocked their handicapped classmate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imitating . :MockingSomeone :wnsense "bemock1v", "mock1n", "mock1v" ; :wordnet "bemock", "mock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MockingSomeone'' is a subtype of ''ExpressingDisapproval'' in which the disapproval is mixed with contempt and is expressed in terms tending to make the target appear ridiculous. RHW 'mockery': 1. ridicule, contempt, or derision.??same?? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mock' in WordNet: 1. (4) mock, bemock - (treat with contempt; 'The new constitution mocks all democratic principles') WN noun 'mock': 1. mock - (the act of mocking or ridiculing; 'they made a mock of him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingDisapproval . :Mockingbird :guid "bd61462c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Mimus polyglotktos1n", "mocker2n", "mockingbird1n" ; :wordnet "Mimus polyglotktos", "mocker", "mockingbird" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mockingbird' in WordNet: 1. mockingbird, mocker, Mimus polyglotktos - (long-tailed grey-and-white songbird of the southern United States able to mimic songs of other birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OscineBird . :Modal-Contracted :en "contracted modal auxiliary" ; :enn "contracted modal auxiliary" ; :guid "bd61a6e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all contracted modal forms. The only modals which can contract are 'would' and 'will'. Example: -ll from 'will'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModalAuxVerb . :Modal-Negated :guid "bd5c9563-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModalAuxVerb . :ModalAuxVerb :CYC "Modal" ; :guid "bd5884c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "modal auxiliary verb1n", "modal auxiliary1n", "modal1n" ; :wordnet "modal", "modal auxiliary", "modal auxiliary verb" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Modal': The collection of all modal auxiliary verbs. Modals have only tensed forms, do not inflect for person and number, and can take contracted negation. Example: 'should'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modal auxiliary verb' in WordNet: 1. modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary, modal - (an auxiliary verb (such as 'can' or 'will') that is used to express modality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AuxVerb . :Model :ldoce "model" ; :wnsense "model2n" ; :wordnet "model" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of commercial product that was made in more than one type. It usually has a distinguishing name or number. Types of cars are often referred to, as on auto registration certificates, by 'make and model' where 'make' is the manufacturer. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'model' in WordNet:. 2. (11) model - (a type of product; 'his car was an old model') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sort . :Model-Artifact :guid "be010ef1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "model" ; :wnsense "model4n" ; :wordnet "model" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A three-dimensional solid model of some type of PhysicalObject or some individual PhysicalObject; e.g. an architect's model of a proposed building or a souvenier model of the Eiffel tower. COSMO note: the restriction requires that for each instance of 'Model-Artifact' one specify the thing or type of thing that it is a model of, using the relation 'resembles'. Thus a 'ModelAirplane'' 'resembles' and ''Airplane''. Cyc: A collection of artifacts; a subset of #$VisualInformationBearingThing. Each element of #$Model-Artifact is a tangible object designed to resemble and/or represent some other object, which may or may not exist tangibly. For example, an architectural model for a proposed public building; a souvenir model of #$TheWhiteHouse; a scale model of a dinosaur skeleton; a miniature room and furnishings copying a real house. The function, #$ModelFn, is used to designate the collection of models of a collection of objects. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'model' in WordNet: 4. (4) model, simulation - (representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :HumanAccessibleIBO, :SolidTangibleArtifact, :VisualInformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :resembles ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :ModelAirplane :ldoce "model", "toy" ; :wnsense "model4n", "toy2n" ; :wordnet "model", "toy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''ModelAirplane'' is a 'ToyReplica' that is similar (often precisely so) to an ''Airplane'' at a much reduced scale, usually small enough to be held in one hand. Such things are constructed as a hobby by enthusiasts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToyReplica, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Airplane ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :ModelFigure :wnsense "figure4n" ; :wordnet "figure" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ModelFigure' is a 'Model-Artifact' that resembles some Animal - often a Person - on a small scale. The 'original' could be mythical or fictional. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'figure' in WordNet: 4. (14) figure - (a model of a bodily form (especially of a person); 'he made a figure of Santa Claus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :Model-Artifact, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :resembles ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimalType ] . :ModelSizeScaleRatio :ldoce "scale" ; :wnsense "scale3n" ; :wordnet "scale" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ModelSizeScaleRatio' is a Ratio representing the ratio of linear measures between an original object and a to-scale model or representation (including maps) of the object.. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scale' in WordNet: 3. (6) scale - - (the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it; 'the scale of the map'; 'the scale of the model') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ratio . :ModelngAnObject :en "modeling" ; :eng "modeling" ; :wnsense "model2v", "model6v" ; :wordnet "model" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ModelngAnObject'' is a sense of 'model' in which an Agent creates a 'copy' of a PhysicalObject that is a (approximate or accurate) representation of the object being modeled. This is not restricted to Objects that are composed solely of a single substance like 'clay' but can be complex multipart artifacts such as airplane or ship models. Includes verb senses 2 and 6 of 'model' in WordNet: 2. (1) model, mold, mould - (form in clay, wax, etc; 'model a head with clay') 6. model, mock up - (construct a model of; 'model an airplane') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormingAnArtifact, :Simulating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Model-Artifact ] . :Modem :guid "bd58bb6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "modem1n" ; :wordnet "modem" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An optional part of a computer, used for communication over a telephone line. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modem' in Wordnet: 1. modem - ((from a combination of MOdulate and DEModulate) electronic equipment consisting of a device used to connect computers by a telephone line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerPeripheralDevice . :Moderate :isLessIntenseThan :Intense ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Mild ; :wnsense "moderate1adj", "moderate2adj", "moderate3adj" ; :wordnet "moderate" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Moderate' is an AttributeValue of things that can be ranked on some scale of intensity, indicating that they are on the upper level (greater than 0.3 and less than 0.6 where 1 is maximum) of that scale. This is broadly applicable to properties like heat, odor, or light; diseases; natural phenomena such as wind, hurricane, earthquake; feelings and poolitical views, and other things. For a more intense attribute, use 'Intense', and beyond that, 'Extreme'. This Includes all 3 senses of 'moderate' in WordNet (the senses characterizing human feelings could be a subtype, but (@ToDo *db995) are not broken out in rev995: in WordNet: 1. (10) moderate - (being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme; 'moderate prices'; 'a moderate income'; 'a moderate fine'; 'moderate demands'; 'a moderate estimate'; 'a moderate eater'; 'moderate success'; 'a kitchen of moderate size'; 'the X-ray showed moderate enlargement of the heart') 2. (3) moderate, temperate - (not extreme; 'a moderate penalty'; 'temperate in his response to criticism') 3. moderate, restrained - (marked by avoidance of extravagance or extremes; 'moderate in his demands'; 'restrained in his response') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue . :ModerateBrown-Color :guid "c9e5825a-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brownish . :Moderately :isLessIntenseThan :Significantly ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Somewhat ; :wnsense "fairly1adv", "moderately1adv", "passably1adv", "reasonably1adv" ; :wordnet "fairly", "moderately", "passably", "reasonably" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Moderately'' is a modifier more intense than 'Somewhat' that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues, of the same qualitative type as the base value, but at a level of definiteness or emphasis near to the aerage or ust below average that would justify applicability of the attribute. The effect of this modifier is to assert that the attribute it modifies does apply to the thing that the attribute modifies, at a level of intensity that is near the average of less than that implied by using the 'rather' modifier, and definitely less than would be implied by the 'very' modifier. If a person is *somewhat* overweight, then the speaker thinks that s/he is overweight, but not 'very' overweight, nor 'obese'. When the attributes are context sensitive this modifier is also context sensitive, so it is an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType'. This sense is used as a modifier of AttributeValues, which show up linguistically as adjectives or sometimes as adverbs. This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by a adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb. These terms may be used variably by different people; in COSMO they form a hierarchy close to a common linguistic usage. The levels of intensity from low to high are: Somewhat Moderately \"Significantly\" Rather Very Extremely Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moderately' in WordNet: 1. (2) reasonably, moderately, within reason, somewhat, fairly, middling, passably - (to a moderately sufficient extent or degree; 'the shoes are priced reasonably'; 'he is fairly clever with computers'; 'they lived comfortably within reason') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :ModeratingBehavior :eng "mincing" ; :wnsense "mince1v", "moderate4v", "soften5v" ; :wordnet "mince", "moderate", "soften" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Reducing the harshness of a Person's behavior. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mince' in WordNet: 1. (2) mince, soften, moderate - (make less severe or harsh; 'He moderated his tone when the students burst out in tears') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, :Modification, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HarshBehavior ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :Modern :isTheOppositeOf :Ancient ; :ldoce "modern" ; :wnsense "modern1adj", "modern2adj", "modern3adj" ; :wordnet "modern" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to artifacts, (including conceptual works) that were created after 1900, and usually less than 30 years before the time point of reference. The time at which something can be created and still be considered 'modern' varies with the speaker and the type of thing being described. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'modern' in WordNet: 1. (62) modern - (belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages; 'modern art'; 'modern furniture'; 'modern history'; 'totem poles are modern rather than prehistoric') 2. (6) mod, modern, modernistic - (relating to a recently developed fashion or style; 'their offices are in a modern skyscraper'; 'tables in modernistic designs';) 3. (5) modern - (characteristic of present-day art and music and literature and architecture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ModernMilitaryOrganization :guid "bd58f1ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a 'ModernMilitaryOrganization' is interpreted as any organized group (with a leader) of people of any size (even a squad) serving a government or quasi-governmental organization. The US Department of Defense is a governmental organization, but with civilian leadership it is not counted as a MilitaryOrganization. Each branch of the service is, however, a MilitaryOrganization. Cyc: A specialization of #$MilitaryOrganization. Each instance of #$ModernMilitaryOrganization is a military organization of current (or recent) times that has modern equipment and methods. Instances of #$ModernMilitaryOrganization generally make at least some use of high-tech military hardware. Specializations of #$ModernMilitaryOrganization include #$AirForce, #$Navy, and #$Army-BranchOfService.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryOrganization . :ModernNavalShip :guid "bd58f0f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: A specialization of #$Ship and #$MilitaryWatercraft. Each specialization of #$ModernNavalShip represented in the Knowledge Base is a type of ship that has been used at some time since the beginning of the Nineteenth Century primarily for naval purposes, such as military attack and defense, reconnaisance, support, rescue, or coastal monitoring. Most instances of #$ModernNavalShip are specifically constructed for naval purposes. Note that a ModernNavalShip does not have to carry weapons. It may be used for other purposes such as communications or supply. It does have to carry some devices that perform useful functions, so it will be a MobilePlatform. This is approximately the same as ''MilitaryVessel'' but modern - any MilitaryVessel currently in use in any capacity in military activities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryVessel, :MobilePlatform, :Ship, :WaterTransportationVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Modern ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Modernism :wnsense "modernism1n" ; :wordnet "modernism" ; a :ActionType, :GenreType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modernism' in WordNet: 1. (2) modernism - (genre of art and literature that makes a self-conscious break with previous genres) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Modernity ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Modernist :wnsense "modernist1n" ; :wordnet "modernist" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modernist' in WordNet: 1. modernist - (an artist who makes a deliberate break with previous styles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Modernism ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Modernity :wnsense "contemporaneity1n", "contemporaneousness1n", "modernism2n", "modernity1n", "modernness1n" ; :wordnet "contemporaneity", "contemporaneousness", "modernism", "modernity", "modernness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modernity' in WordNet: 1. (5) modernity, modernness, modernism, contemporaneity, contemporaneousness - (the quality of being current or of the present; 'a shopping mall would instill a spirit of modernity into this village') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UpToDateness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Modern ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Artifact-Generic ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :Modernized :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Modernizing ; :wnsense "modernised1adj", "modernized1adj" ; :wordnet "modernised", "modernized" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Modernized'' is something has has been subjected to a ''Modernizing'' Action. This is for Devices and plans and designs and methods. For Texts that have been revised to include new material, use ''Updated''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'modernized' in Wordnet: 1. modernized, modernised - (brought up to date; 'modernized methods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changed, :PastParticiple . :Modernizing :en "modernizing" ; :wnsense "freshen up1v", "modernisation1n", "modernise2v", "modernization1n", "modernize1v", "overhaul2v", "refurbish1v", "renovate2v" ; :wordnet "freshen up", "modernisation", "modernise", "modernization", "modernize", "overhaul", "refurbish", "renovate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Modernizing'' is an ''Updating'' of some facility including all or parts of a building or factory that makes it more 'modern', in appearance or function. NOTE: this is similar to ''Remodeling'' but a ''Modernizing'' should include adding some elements of style or function that are notably more 'modern' in not being available the last time changes were made. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'modernize' and part of verb sense 2 of 'renovate' in WordNet: 1. (3) overhaul, modernize, modernise - (make repairs, renovations, revisions or adjustments to; 'You should overhaul your car engine'; 'overhaul the health care system') WN verb 'renovate': 2. refurbish, renovate, freshen up - (make brighter and prettier; 'we refurbished the guest wing'; 'My wife wants us to renovate') WN noun 'modernization': 1. (8) modernization, modernisation - (making modern in appearance or behavior; 'the modernization of Nigeria will be a long process') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Updating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Modern ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Modest :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Modesty ; :wnsense "modest8adj" ; :wordnet "modest" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Modesty''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'modest' in Wordnet: 8. modest, restrained, unostentatious - (free from ostentation or pretension; 'the restrained elegance of the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :ModestComfort :en "modest comfort", "modest lifestyle" ; :enn "modest comfort", "modest lifestyle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ModestComfort'' is the ''LifeStyle'' of a family that is not in ''Poverty'' but has little ability to save money from their current income and other money sources. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStyle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LowerMiddleClass ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :ModestInScale :isTheOppositeOf :Grand ; :wnsense "humble1adj", "modest5adj" ; :wordnet "humble", "modest" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''ModestInScale'' is small and unimpressive [contrast with grand] - of PhysicalObjects, including people. But this is not a Feeling, it is a partly judgmental attribute regarding quality. For the Feeling of restrained unostentatiousness use ''Modest'' and ''Modesty''. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 5 of 'modest' and sense 1 of 'humble' in WordNet: 5. (3) humble, low, lowly, modest, small - (low or inferior in station or quality; 'a humble cottage'; 'a lowly parish priest'; 'a modest man of the people'; 'small beginnings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Small, :Unimpressive . :Modestly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Modest ; :wnsense "modestly1adv", "with modesty1adv" ; :wordnet "modestly", "with modesty" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'modestly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) modestly, with modesty - (in a modest manner; 'the dissertation was entitled, modestly, ''Remarks about a play by Shakespeare'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Modesty :guid "bd589d4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "modesty1n" ; :wordnet "modesty" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Feeling free from brashness, boldness or assertiveness. Has no connotation of inferiority; see Humility. This is not for 'modesty' in dress. RHW 1: 'the quality of being modest; freedom from vanity, boastfulness, etc.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modesty' in Wordnet: 1. (1) modesty, modestness - (freedom from vanity or conceit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Modification :ldoce "change" ; :wnsense "alter3v", "alter4v", "alteration1n", "change1n", "change1v", "change3v", "modification4n", "modify3v" ; :wordnet "alter", "alteration", "change", "modification", "modify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of a broad category of Event in which some Object (or Action) that already exists at the beginning of the Event has one or more attributes or parts changed, usually by only a small amount,but 'radical readjustment' is included.. Most Events fit in this description, but a 'modification' is specifically a representation of some change to some Object (including people and abstract objects such as plans) or Action by some Person(s); the focus is on the change of attribute(s), and the Modification must result from the action of an agent (including natural agents such as tornadoes). This includes both transitive and intransitive aspects. For specifically intransitive changes, where the main actor in causing the change is the thing changing, use ''IntrinsicStateChangeEvent'' and its subtypes. In that case the intransitive change can be prompted by external Events (and usually is), but is not a necessary result of external events. NOTE that ''Modification'' includes some sense or degree of copying (''MakingaCopy'') of a previously existing thing, so ''MakingaCopy'' is a subevent of this Action - in this case the 'copy' is the thing with the modfication. Questionable interpretation - probably not needed or useful. NOTE2: This type includes generic and abstract notions of 'modfy' - the 'modification' of an ArtifactObject is more specifically represented by 'ModifyingAnArtifact''. Includes part of verb sense 3 of 'modify' and noun senses 1 and 4 of 'modification' and all 3 senses of 'alteration' and sense 1 of 'change' and transitive senses 1,3,4 and 5 of 'alter' and senses 2 and 3 of verb 'change' in WordNet, but does not include changes in actions. in WordNet: WN verb 'cange': 1. (69) change - (undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; 'She changed completely as she grew older'; 'The weather changed last night') WN noun 'modification' 4. change, alteration, modification - (an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; 'the change was intended to increase sales'; 'this storm is certainly a change for the worse'; 'the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago') WN 'alteration' 1. (4) change, alteration, modification - (an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; 'the change was intended to increase sales'; 'this storm is certainly a change for the worse'; 'the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago') 2. (2) alteration, modification, adjustment - (the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)) WN verb 'alter': 3. (1) alter - (make an alteration to; 'This dress needs to be altered') 4. interpolate, alter, falsify - (insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby) WN verb 'change' 3. (13) change, alter, vary - (make or become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; 'her mood changes in accordance with the weather'; 'The supermarket's selection of vegetables varies according to the season') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :CausingChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaCopy ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Modified :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Modification ; :wnsense "modified1adj" ; :wordnet "modified" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'modified' in Wordnet: 1. (1) modified - (changed in form or character; 'their modified stand made the issue more acceptable'; 'the performance of the modified aircraft was much improved') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changed, :PastParticiple . :ModifyingAnArtifact :en "modifying something" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ModifyingAnArtifact' is an Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') cases some kind of ''Modification'' to an ''ArtifactObject''. The ''Modification'' could be building something from components. This Action can be done anywhere,but is the characteristic activity of what is done at a ''WorkBench''. This include building, repairing, recoating,oranything that can be done to a solid object. \"RepairingMotorVehicles\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :ModifyingBehavior :en "modify behavior" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ModifyingBehavior'' is an Action in which some agent changes its own behavior in some specific way. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :Behavior ] . :ModifyingaComputerDisplay :eng "modifying a computer display image" ; :env "modify a computer display image" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ModifyingaComputerDisplay'' is an Action taken by a ''ComputerUser'' to change the image displayed on a ''ComuterDisplay'' (including Smart Phones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerUser ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerDisplayView ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerDisplay ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Modular :pertainsTo :ModularArtifact, :Module ; :wnsense "modular1adj" ; :wordnet "modular" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Modular' is an AttributeValue of ''ArtifactObjects'' that are constructed of at least one and often multiple ''Module''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modular' in WordNet: 1. modular - (constructed with standardized units or dimensions allowing flexibility and variety in use; 'modular furniture'; 'modular homes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManMade, :PertainingAttributeValue . :ModularArtifact :en "modular object" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ModularArtifact'' is an ''#ArtifactObject'' that contains at least one ''Module''. Usually, most of a ''ModularArtifact'' will be composed of ''Module''s but there will often be some non-modular components used to connect the modules and add functionality. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ComplexPhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Module :ModuleType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Modular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ModularHome :en "modular home" ; :enn "modular home" ; :guid "bdc89427-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all modular homes, constructed in sections at a factory and transported to the home site, where the sections are assembled into a finished house. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedHome, :ModularArtifact . :Module :wnsense "module4n" ; :wordnet "module" ; a :ModuleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Module'' is a ''EngineeringComponent'' designed to fit together with other ''Module''s to comprise a larger ''ArtifactObject'' A ''modue'' canot be a simple ''EngineeringComponent'', it must have some degree of complexity (multiple parts, not necesarily separately manufactured, but distinguishable as parts) to differentiate it from simple objects like nails screws, or boards. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'module' in WordNet: 4. module - (a self-contained component (unit or item) that is used in combination with other components) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngineeringComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedAsPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObject :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complex ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ModuleType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ModuleType'' is an ''ArtifactObjectType'' that can serve as type for ''Module''s and an argument restriction for various relations on ArtifactObject ''Module''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObjectType . :ModusOperandi :en "M.O.", "MO" ; :wnsense "modus operandi1n" ; :wordnet "modus operandi" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Also 'MO' (not in WN). RHW 'MO': 3. mode of operation. 4. modus operandi. mode of operating or working. NOTE:this is often used for a ''Criminal''s method of performing a crime, useful to know in criminal investigations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'modus operandi' in WordNet: 1. routine, modus operandi - (an unvarying or habitual method or procedure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessiveEvent, :PurposefulAction, :SeriesWithoutRepetition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemSolvingProcedure ] . :Moghul :en "Mughal" ; :enn "Mughal" ; :wnsense "Moghul1n", "Mogul2n" ; :wordnet "Moghul", "Mogul" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Moghul' in WordNet: 1. Mogul, Moghul - (a member of the Muslim dynasty that ruled India until 1857) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadOfState . :Mogul :wnsense "baron3n", "big businessman1n", "business leader1n", "king1n", "magnate1n", "mogul3n", "power9n", "top executive1n", "tycoon1n" ; :wordnet "baron", "big businessman", "business leader", "king", "magnate", "mogul", "power", "top executive", "tycoon" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mogul'' is a ''BusinessPerson'' who owns a controlling part of a very large business enterprise or group of companies, especially one with monopoly power. NOTE: this usage was more common in the late 1800's and early 1900's before some large conglomerate enterprises were broken up by antitrust laws. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'mogul' in WordNet: 3. baron, big businessman, business leader, king, magnate, mogul, power, top executive, tycoon - (a very wealthy or powerful businessman; 'an oil baron') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wealthy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MohammedIsGodsProphet :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Mohammed_is_Gods_prophet ; :hasTopic :ENG_Mohammed_is_Gods_prophet ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :Moist :isTheOppositeOf :Dry ; :wnsense "damp1adj", "moist1adj" ; :wordnet "damp", "moist" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of substances or objects that have water either interspersed within it or on the surface. This includes as subtypes 'Humid', when the air is noticeably Moist, and 'Wet' having liquid water perceptible on the surface. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'moist' in WordNet: 1. (6) damp, dampish, moist - (slightly wet; 'clothes damp with perspiration'; 'a moist breeze'; 'eyes moist with tears') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WetnessAttribute . :MoistObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MoistObject is a SolidObject that has a significant content of a liquid that may volatilize so as to significantly change the weight (by more than 10%) or rigidity or functionality after standing in an open space for some time. This criterion is applied in reference to the state of the object at the time it was created. A MoistObject that has dried out may still be an instance of the type MoistObject. This type represents a property that is relevant to stability, not necessarily representing the physical character throughout a lifetime. This type is created to allow a reasoner to infer some commonsense information about the consequences of aging of an object. The disjoint alternative is 'DryObject', which includes all RigidObjects and objects such as sheets of metal or cloth, which are more stable to standing in an open space than a MoistObject would be. Examples of moist objects would be an organism, fresh bread or cake, or """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Moist ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :DryObject . :Moisture :wnsense "moisture1n", "wet1n" ; :wordnet "moisture", "wet" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Moisture'' is a subtype of ''Water'' that is contained, if in liquid form, in insterstices or one the surface of some SolidObject, or if in the form of ''WaterVapor'', in some quantity of a ''Gas''. The term 'moisture' may be sometimes used to refer to the presence of some liquid other than 'Water'', but this sense is specificaly a subtype of ''Water'''. Includes two senses from RHW: 1. condensed or diffused liquid, esp. water: moisture in the air. 2. a small quantity of liquid, esp. water; enough liquid to moisten. NOTE: the WN 'moisture' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'moisture' in WordNet: 1. (7) moisture, wet - (wetness caused by water; 'drops of wet gleamed on the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Water, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MoistObject :SolidObject :SolidObjectType :GaseousObject ) ] ] . :Mol :wnsense "mol1n", "mole1n" ; :wordnet "mol", "mole" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI amount of substance unit, usually called 'mole'. symbol: mol. It is one of the base units in SI. It is defined as follows: the Mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 Kilograms of carbon 12. Note that, when this UnitOfMeasure is used, the elementary entities must be specified - they may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, etc. or groups of such particles. Although a Mole relates to a measure of Mass, it is not directly a measure of Mass, but of quantity of elementary particles (molecules, atoms, ions). The number of such particles in a Mole is approximately 6.023 x 10^23. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mol' in Wordnet: 1. gram molecule, mole, mol - (the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; the basic unit of amount of substance adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :Molasses :hasColor :BrownColor ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Viscous ; :isDerivedFrom :SugarcanePlant ; :wnsense "molasses1n" ; :wordnet "molasses" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Molasses''is a ''Syrup'' made by boiling down the juice of sugar cane used as a sweetener, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'molasses' in WordNet: 1. molasses - (thick dark syrup produced by boiling down juice from sugar cane; especially during sugar refining) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Syrup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Viscous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrownColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SugarcanePlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Mold :wnsense "cast2n", "mold2n", "mould4n" ; :wordnet "cast", "mold", "mould" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mold'' is a container in some special shape into which liquids or semiliquids are poured and allowed to harden, thus producing a product ArtifactObject in a special desired shape.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mold' in WordNet: 2. (1) mold, mould, cast - (container into which liquid is poured to create a given shape when it hardens) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoldingAnArtifact ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Mold-Fungus :guid "bdb03549-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mold5n", "mould2n" ; :wordnet "mold", "mould" ; a :PlantType, :SporeFormerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This is the collection of all instances of mold. Mold is a kind of fungus that grows from airborne spores. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'mold' in WordNet: 5. mold, mould - (a fungus that produces a superficial growth on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fungus . :Molded :isTheAttributeOfSomethingProducedBy :MoldingAnArtifact ; :wnsense "cast1adj" ; :wordnet "cast" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Molded'' is an Attribute of a something that was produced by a ''MoldingAnArtifact'' Action. It has a shape determined by the interior shape of the cavity in the ''Mold'' used to produce it. for the WN sense of adj 'molded' see ''Wrought''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'cast' in WordNet: 1. (1) cast - ((of molten metal or glass) formed by pouring or pressing into a mold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Molding :wnsense "molding2n", "moulding1n" ; :wordnet "molding", "moulding" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Molding'' is a ''StructuralOrnamentation'' that is a strip of some solid material - wood, plaster, plastic, that is long and narrow and is attached to the top of a wall and the underside of a ceiling where they connect. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'molding' in WordNet: 2. molding, moulding - (a decorative strip used for ornamentation or finishing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuralOrnamentation . :MoldingAnArtifact :CYC "Molding" ; :guid "bd58f1ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cast7v", "casting2n", "mold3v", "molding1n", "mould2v" ; :wordnet "cast", "casting", "mold", "molding", "mould" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MoldingAnArtifact'' is a ''FormingAnArtifact''in which some liquid or semiliquid (e.g. moistened ''PlasterOfParis'') is placed into a ''Mold'' and allowed to harden (by any of various methods). The 'molded' object is removed from the ''Mold'' and used. CYC 'Molding': A collection of events. In each #$Molding, a mold is used to form a softened substance so that it hardens into (and retains) a specific shape. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'mold' in WordNet: 3. cast, mold, mould - (form by pouring (e.g., wax or hot metal) into a cast or mold; 'cast a bronze sculpture') WN noun 'molding': 1. (1) molding, casting - (the act of creating something by casting it in a mold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FashioningSomething, :FormingAnArtifact, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mold ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Casting ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Moldova a :Country . :Moldy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Mold-Fungus ; :wnsense "moldy1adj", "mouldy1adj", "musty1adj" ; :wordnet "moldy", "mouldy", "musty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Moldy'' is an attribute of objects that have noticeable ''Mold-Fungus'' growing on them, pereptible visibly or by odor.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'moldy' in Wordnet: 1. moldy, mouldy, musty - (covered with or smelling of mold; 'moldy bread'2; 'a moldy (or musty) odor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dirty . :Mole :wnsense "mole1n" ; :wordnet "mole" ; a :AgentType, :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Lives in burrows underground, where it fnids insects to eat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mole' in Wordnet: 6. mole - (small velvety-furred burrowing mammal having small eyes and fossorial forefeet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InsectEater, :Mammal . :Molecular :pertainsTo :Molecule ; :wnsense "molecular1adj" ; :wordnet "molecular" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Molecular'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Molecule''or characteristic properties of a ''Molecule'' (e.g. 'molecular weight'). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'molecular' in Wordnet: 1. (10) molecular - (relating to or produced by or consisting of molecules; 'molecular structure'; 'molecular oxygen'; 'molecular weight is the sum of all the atoms in a molecule') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MolecularBiology :hasSubjectOfStudy :LifeForm, :MacroMolecule ; :wnsense "molecular biology1n" ; :wordnet "molecular biology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MolecularBiology'' differs from other branches of Biology in focusing on the structure and function of ''MacroMolecularSubstance''s, such as DNA, RNA,Proteins, and polysaccharides. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'molecular biology' in WordNet: 1. (1) molecular biology - (the branch of biology that studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life (and especially with their genetic role)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MacroMolecularSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MacroMolecule ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :MolecularStuff :en "molecular substance" ; :enn "molecular substance" ; :guid "bd59e38c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasUnitObject :Molecule ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of tangible stuff. Every instance of #$MolecularStuff is a portion of stuff composed of covalently-bonded molecules. Thus, #$Water and #$DNAStuff are subcollections of #$MolecularStuff; each of their instances consists of covalently bonded molecules. But instances of #$Salt-NaCl are not examples of #$MolecularStuff. Also, #$Oxygen is not a subcollection of #$MolecularStuff, since #$Oxygen denotes anything composed of that element, not just O2 (molecular oxygen) and O3 (ozone). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance . :Molecule :guid "bd58f0b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "molecule1n" ; :wordnet "molecule" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$ChemicalObject and #$ComplexPhysicalObject. Each instance of #$Molecule is a microscopic-scale object whose component atoms are all chemically bonded to each other; typically, this means that the atoms are covalently bonded. Examples: some instances of #$Molecule, including molecules of oxygen (O2), ozone (O3), water (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), etc., contain covalently bonded atoms belonging to the collection #$Oxygen. Some highly complex examples of #$Molecule are those belonging to the collection #$DNAMolecule. See also #$MoleculeFn. Note: #$Diamond and other macroscopic covalent solids are excluded from belonging to #$Molecule by the constraint that instances of #$Molecule are microscopic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'molecule' in Wordnet: 1. (114) molecule - ((physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AtomGroup . :MoleculeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """MoleculeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for classes of individual physical molecules and an argument restriction for the isaMoleculeOfSubstance relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :MolesPerMoleSolvent a :SoluteSolventUnit . :Mollusk :guid "bd58ef8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mollusc1n", "mollusk1n" ; :wordnet "mollusc", "mollusk" ; a :BeastType, :SpawnerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Also spelled 'mollusc'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mollusk' in WordNet: 1. mollusk, mollusc, shellfish - (invertebrate having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :Coelomate, :Invertebrate, :Shellfish . :Molybdenite :guid "bf4b6f6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaSourceOf :Molybdenum ; :wnsense "molybdenite1n" ; :wordnet "molybdenite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'molybdenite' in WordNet: 1. molybdenite - (a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :Molybdenum :guid "bd589ff4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "42"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Mo1n", "molybdenum1n" ; :wordnet "Mo", "molybdenum" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, :NaturalResourceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'molybdenum' in WordNet: 1. molybdenum, Mo, atomic number 42 - (a polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Moment :ldoce "moment" ; :wnsense "New York minute1n", "bit3n", "blink of an eye1n", "flash5n", "instant1n", "jiffy1n", "minute2n", "moment2n", "second2n", "split second1n", "trice1n", "twinkling1n", "wink1n" ; :wordnet "New York minute", "bit", "blink of an eye", "flash", "instant", "jiffy", "minute", "moment", "second", "split second", "trice", "twinkling", "wink" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A very short but unspecified interval of time. For the sense meaning 'at that time point', use 'TheMoment'; for 'the present time' use 'Now'. 'I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick'. 'I'd go there in a heartbeat'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'moment' and sense 1 of'instant' in WordNet: 2. (73) moment, minute, second, bit - (an indefinitely short time; 'wait just a moment'; 'it only takes a minute'; 'in just a bit') 1. (22) blink of an eye, flash, heartbeat, instant, jiffy, split second, trice, twinkling, wink, New York minute - (a very short time (as the time it takes the eye blink or the heart to beat); 'if I had the chance I'd do it in a flash') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval . :MomentOfaDistribution :wnsense "moment6n" ; :wordnet "moment" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MomentOfaDistribution'' is a technical concept from statistics. The most commonly used are the subtypes ''Variance'' and the ''StandardDeviation''. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'moment' in WordNet: 6. moment - (the n-th moment of a distribution is the expected value of the n-th power of the deviations from a fixed value) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConfidenceInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Statistics ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ] . :Momentarily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Momentary ; :wnsense "momentarily1adv", "momently1adv" ; :wordnet "momentarily", "momently" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Momentarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the state or process modified lasts for a very short interval of time - usual less than one minute, but in some contexts perhaps longer but still very ''brief' relative to the usual or expected times for such events. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'momentarily' in Wordnet: 1. (3) momentarily, momently - (for an instant or moment; \"we paused momentarily before proceeding\"; \"a cardinal perched momently on the dogwood branch\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Momentary :isTheOppositeOf :LongLasting, :Prolonged ; :wnsense "fleeting1adj", "fugitive1adj", "momentaneous1adj", "momentary1adj" ; :wordnet "fleeting", "fugitive", "momentaneous", "momentary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Momentary'' specifies a shorter interval than just ''brief''. The interval should be less than one minute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'momentary' in Wordnet: 1. (3) fleeting, fugitive, momentaneous, momentary - (lasting for a markedly brief time; 'a fleeting glance'; 'fugitive hours'; 'rapid momentaneous association of things that meet and pass'; 'a momentary glimpse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brief . :Momentum :wnsense "momentum2n" ; :wordnet "momentum" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Momentum'' is a property of all PhysicalObjects, defined as the product of mass times velocity. Since velocity is relative to other objects. this value will depend on the inertial frame of reference used. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'momentum' in WordNet: 2. (2) momentum - (the product of a body's mass and its velocity; 'the momentum of the particles was deduced from meteoritic velocities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :Monaco :wnsense "Monaco1n" ; :wordnet "Monaco" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Monaco' in WordNet: 1. Monaco, Principality of Monaco - (a constitutional monarchy in a tiny enclave on the French Riviera) """ . :Monarch-HeadOfState :guid "bd58dd84-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crowned head1n", "monarch1n", "sovereign1n" ; :wordnet "crowned head", "monarch", "sovereign" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WordNet sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (2) sovereign, crowned head, monarch - (a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinalAuthority, :HeadOfState, :MemberOfTheNobility . :MonarchButterfly :guid "c0fd47bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Danaus plexippus1n", "milkweed butterfly1n", "monarch butterfly1n", "monarch2n" ; :wordnet "Danaus plexippus", "milkweed butterfly", "monarch", "monarch butterfly" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The dominant color attributes apply to the wings; the body is a small and undistinguished short worm-like object. The color pattern on the wings includes an ''OrangeBackground'' with black intersecting lines and a border of white dots on a black background. It will take a bit of work to compose such a description in OWL. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monarch butterfly' in WordNet: 1. monarch, monarch butterfly, milkweed butterfly, Danaus plexippus - (large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Butterfly, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Migratory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milkweed ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NetworkOfLines ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrangeBackground ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Monarchy :guid "f6af40ce-6daf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "monarchy1n" ; :wordnet "monarchy" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Monarchy'' is a ''FormOfGovernment'' in which one Person (the 'monarch') exercises total or almost total control over the laws of some GeopoliticalEntut (usually a ''Country'') CYC: An instance of #$GeopoliticalEntityBySystemOfGovernment. Each instance of #$Monarchy is a country with a system of government in which an hereditary ruler figures prominently. Subsumes both absolute monarchy, where executive, legislative, and judicial functions of government are vested in the monarch, and constitutional monarchies, in which at least some aspects of the government derive from a written constitution and not from the monarch's whim. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monarchy' in WordNet: 1. monarchy - (an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Autocracy . :Monastery :wnsense "monastery1n" ; :wordnet "monastery" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Monastery'' is a ''Cloister'' provided by some ''MonasticOrder'' for members who have officially dedicated their lives to religious work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monastery' in WordNet: 1. (1) monastery - (the residence of a religious community) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cloister, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanRoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :MonasticOrder ] . :MonasticOrder :wnsense "monastic order1n" ; :wordnet "monastic order" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousOrganization'' most of whose members are ''Monk''s living in some form of communal arrangement, such as a monastery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monastic order' in Wordnet: 1. order, monastic order - (a group of person living under a religious rule; 'the order of Saint Benedict') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousOrderMember ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Monday :wnsense "Monday1n" ; :wordnet "Monday" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Mondays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Monday' in Wordnet: 1. (28) Monday, Mon - (the second day of the week; the first working day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weekday . :MoneraOrganism :guid "bd58cb4b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single-cell organism. It may grow in clusters, but each cell is an individual of its species. Includes bacteria and archaea. This does not include viruses or eukaryotic organisms such as amoebae.. RHW: 'monera': a taxonomic kingdom of prokaryotic organisms that typically reproduce by asexual budding or fission and have a nutritional mode of absorption, photosynthesis, or chemosynthesis, comprising the bacteria, blue-green algae, and various primitive pathogens. in CYC called 'MoneraKingdom': An instance of #$BiologicalKingdom, and a specialization of #$ProkaryoticCell. Each instance of #$MoneraKingdom is a one-celled prokaryotic organism (so each instance lacks a nuclear membrane, as well as other internal organelles). Specializations of #$MoneraKingdom include #$Bacterium, #$PseudomonasMallei, and #$EscherichiaColi.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProkaryoticCell . :Monetary :pertainsTo :MonetaryCost, :MonetaryDebt, :MonetaryMeasure, :MonetaryValue, :Money ; :wnsense "monetary1adj", "pecuniary1adj" ; :wordnet "monetary", "pecuniary" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Monetary'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Money'' and transfers of money and things that require or are measured in ''Money'', or are enabled by Money.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'monetary' in Wordnet: 1. monetary, pecuniary - (relating to or involving money; 'monetary rewards'; 'he received thanks but no pecuniary compensation for his services') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MonetaryCost :ldoce "cost", "price" ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "cost2n", "price3n" ; :wordnet "cost", "price" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cost is an Attribute that specifies what quantity of money **actually given** (in contrast to asked) in exchange for something that one wants. This type should be used for objects; for services or Privileges, use 'Fee'. This contrasts with 'Price' which may be merely what a vendor asks, rather than what is actually paid. Corresponds to part of sense 2 of 'cost' and sense 2 of 'charge' in WordNet; in linguistic usage, the distinction between amount asked ('Price') and amount paid ('Cost') is often unclear, in which case the parent 'MonetaryValue' can be used: in WordNet: 2. (53) monetary value, price, cost - (the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold); 'the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver'; 'he puts a high price on his services'; 'he couldn't calculate the cost of the collection') WN 'charge': 2. (246) charge - (the price charged for some article or service; 'the admission charge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cost, :MonetaryValue . :MonetaryDebt :en "obligation to pay" ; :ldoce "debt" ; :wnsense "debt1n", "financial obligation1n", "indebtedness1n", "liability2n" ; :wordnet "debt", "financial obligation", "indebtedness", "liability" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MonetaryDebt is an Obligation to pay someone money. Not all monetary debts arise from an Agreement (e..g liability for damages due to negligence), so this is not a subtype of 'ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'debt' in WordNet, but this is not a 'state' in COSMO. Linguistically 'being in debt' would be a state: the Debt itself is an Obligation. For reference part of the WordNet path is reproduced: 1. debt - (the state of owing something (especially money); 'he is badly in debt') => indebtedness, liability, financial obligation - (an obligation to pay money to another party) => obligation - (the state of being obligated to do or pay something; 'he is under an obligation to finish the job') => state - (the way something is with respect to its main attributes; 'the current state of knowledge'; 'his state of health'; 'in a weak financial state') in WordNet: WN 'indebtedness; 1. indebtedness, liability, financial obligation - (an obligation to pay money to another party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Debt, :Obligation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepaymentEvent ; owl:onProperty :obligesActionType ] . :MonetaryMeasure :FIBO "Monetary Measure" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specifically FIBO concept, being a quantity of money that may be expressed as a certain amount of currency *or* as a percentage of an amount of currency. Those two included concepts are also FIBO subtypes. It is unclear how this is to be used in FIBO, so it is a skeleton here. COSMO note: the COSMO subtypes are 'MoneyMeasure' and 'PercentageMonetaryAmount' . FIBO:subClassOf fibo-fnd-acc-cur;MonetaryMeasure """ ; rdfs:label "Percentage Monetary Amount" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity . :MonetaryValue :ldoce "value" ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "value3n" ; :wordnet "value" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MonetaryValue' is a Value that is expressed in monetary units, such as 30 dollars or 50 yen. This is not necessarily a price, as some objects with MonetaryValue may not be for sale. NOTE that there may be specific types of ''MonetaryValue'' that are represented as subtypes of ''MoneyMeasure'', such as ''AccountBalance''. Using that tactic eliminates the need for two links from the ''MonetaryValue' to the actual number of dollars, yen, euros, etc. That can be used where such specific types of ''MonetaryValue'' can be directly related to specific types of entities that are ''ValuableThing''s. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'value' in WordNet: 3. (14) value, economic value - (the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else; 'he tried to estimate the value of the produce at normal prices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Value, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ] . :Money :guid "bd58d8e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "money" ; :wnsense "money1n" ; :wordnet "money" ; a :MoneyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Money' in COSMO is treated as a GenericSubstance, and specific quantitities of Money are treated as Objects composed of Money. Money can take many forms, but it is considered an Asset because if owned, it can always be given away, so someone who keeps money must consider it of positive value. It may be represented by a physical token such as a coin or bill of currency, or merely be an electronic record in a financial institution. Whatever form it takes, if you have it, it allows you to do things you might not be able to do without it. It is a ValuableThing. 'Money' is distinct from 'MoneyObject'; the latter is some specific quantity of Money, whereas Money is somewhat more abstract, like the substance.of which a MoneyObject is made. In COSMO, 'Money' is generic and can be used in the collective sense; but its subtype 'CurrencyObject' is a type whose instances are individual PhysicalObjects. NOTE that we assert that it money is 'Pleasant'. This is not a necessary characteristic for all Assets, but for fungible ones like money, it is more fun to have it than not have it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'money' in WordNet: 1. (364) money - (the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender; 'we tried to collect the money he owed us') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericSubstance, :PleasantThing . :MoneyBag :en "money bag" ; :guid "bd9099c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "moneybag1n" ; :wordnet "moneybag" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of money bags. These are largish bags generally made of canvas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moneybag' in WordNet: 1. moneybag - (a drawstring bag for holding money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bag, :TextileArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Canvas ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurrencyObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cash ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :MoneyCharges :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "charge2n" ; :wordnet "charge" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each MoneyCharges is a measure of a quantity of money in some currency, requested as payment for some good or services. This will be part of a PaymentRequestContent (and represented in a Bill-PaymentRequest) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'charge' in WordNet: 2. (246) charge - (the price charged for some article or service; \"the admission charge\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonetaryValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bill-PaymentRequest ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ] . :MoneyDeposit :wnsense "bank deposit1n", "deposit4n" ; :wordnet "bank deposit", "deposit" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Deposit'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is paid to some Institution (usually a bank of some kind) to be held in an Account for future use of the depositor. Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'deposit' in WordNet, including money deposited into any kind of account (e.g.Paypal): in WordNet: 4. deposit, bank deposit - (money deposited in a bank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaymentAmount, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :DepositingMoney ] . :MoneyGrubber :en "money grubber" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'money grubber': a person who is aggressively engaged in or preoccupied with making or saving money. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyGrubbing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MoneyGrubbing :enadj "money-grubbing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MoneyGrubbing'' is the AttributeValue of a Person who so strongly wants acquisition of money to the point where other pleasant actions are foregone in order to get more money. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acquisitive . :MoneyHandler :wnsense "money dealer1n", "money handler1n" ; :wordnet "money dealer", "money handler" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MoneyHandler'' is a ''Person'' who has the responsibility to manage the receipt and disbursement of Money for some ''Organization''. The more formal position for Oranization is usually titled the ''Treasurer'' andrepresented by that subtype.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'money handler' in WordNet: 1. money handler, money dealer - (a person who receives or invests or pays out money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiduciary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReceivingMoney ; owl:onProperty :hasResponsibility ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingWithMoney ; owl:onProperty :hasResponsibility ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organization ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :MoneyLoss a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Loss, :MoneyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinancialLoss ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :MoneyMeasure :FIBO "monetary measure" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each MoneyMeasure is a measure of a quantity of money in some currency; it is an OrderedPair consisting of a quantifier and a CurrencyUnit, related by 'hasQuantifier' and 'hasUnit' respectively. This seems to be similar to FIBO 'monetary amount', but that class has a parent 'monetary measure' that includes percentages of money. That parent is not yet (20140724) represented. fibo-fnd-acc-cur;MonetaryAmount skos-definition: 'the measure which is an amount of money specified in monetary units' skos-editorialNote: 'This is an abstract concept, not to be confused with a sum of money (Money Amount).' COSMO note: a FIBO 'money amount' is a COSMO 'QuantityOfMoney'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity . :MoneyObject a :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'MoneyObject' is an Object that represents some quantity of money. It may be physical, such as a coin or paper currency, or a check, or abstract, such as a bank account or a share of stock; or a quantity of currency transferred electronically; in general, if it is not actually physical currency it should be easily convertible to currency. It may be a single object such as a coin, or a collection of objects such as the bills in a wallet. A MoneyObject is something that can be spent in a 'Spending' event. Each instance of this type can be considered as a 'quantity of money' in the same way that a HomogeneousObject is some quantity of a PhysicalSubstance. However, this is a mixture of physical and abstract types, useful because of the many ways that money can be represented. The actual quantity of money that any given MoneyObject represents is related to the object by the relation 'hasMonetaryValue' . NOTE that the monetary value can vary with time,as with a share of stock; even a piece of currency, that may have a fixed value in that currency for some time, may change its value relative to other currencies when the currency changes. Old rubles and new rubles are both called 'ruble' but are actually different currencies. NOTE also that some things that are TenderObjects, such as 'CreditCard', are not MoneyObjects because their value is not in the object itself, but in the account on which it draws; the account is the MoneyObject. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidAsset, :Object, :PleasantThing, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Money ; owl:onProperty :containsAbstractSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buying ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :MoneyTenderType :guid "bd58d8e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of MoneyTenderType denotes a form in which some quantity of Money may be represented. A collection of collections. Each instance of #$MoneyTenderType is a collection of objects of a type commonly offered in payment for goods, services, fees, wage-work, and so on. Notable instances of #$MoneyTenderType include #$Currency, #$CreditCard, and #$Check-TenderObject.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :MoneyTransaction :en "FinancialTransaction", "financial transaction", "money transaction" ; :guid "bd589db3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pay", "payment" ; :wnsense "pay1v", "payment2n" ; :wordnet "pay", "payment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$CommercialActivity and #$MoneyTransfer. Each instance of #$MoneyTransaction is an event in which a transfer of money occurs, and the transfer is done in exchange for something else, according to some (implicit or explicit) agreement. Thus, buying something, investing, making a donation, executing a bequest, and exchanging currency are all examples of money transactions. NOTE: this sense of 'money' includes any instrument that is equivalent to money such as a credit card payment, a formal exchange of money-valued assets or signing a debt in exchange for something. In SUMO called 'FinancialTransaction': SUMO: A Transaction where an instance of Currency is exchanged for something else. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'payment' in WordNet: 2. (23) payment, defrayal, defrayment - (the act of paying money) WN verb 'pay': 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialActivity, :MoneyTransfer, :Transaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :PaymentAmount ] . :MoneyTransfer :guid "bd590a32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "move" ; :wnsense "move2v", "shift3v", "transfer3v", "transfer5v" ; :wordnet "move", "shift", "transfer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: What is transferred can be a MoneyObject, such as a piece of Currency, or its liquid equivalent - an Asset that is a Right. NOTE that a transfer of Money need not be a change of ownership; one can move funds from one account to another account, both owned by the same person. For change of possession of ''PhysicalObject''s, use the parent type ''ChangeOfPossession'' Cyc: A specialization of both #$ChangeInUserRights and #$PurposefulAction. In each instance of #$MoneyTransfer, possession of some quantity of money is transferred from one agent to another. The transfer in question may be done in exchange for some good(s) or service(s), according to some (implicit or explicit) agreement (in which case the transfer is an instance of #$MoneyTransaction, an important specialization of #$MoneyTransfer), but it need not be. Notable specializations of #$MoneyTransfer include #$Buying, #$Renting, and #$Paying. Includes parts of verb sense 2 of 'move' (the metaphorical sense) and verb senses 1 and 5 of 'transfer' and to verb sense 3 of 'shift'. For movement of PhysicalObjects from one location to another use ''CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion''. in WordNet: 2. (60) move, displace - (cause to move, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; 'Move those boxes into the corner, please'; 'I'm moving my money to another bank'; 'The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant') WN verb 'transfer': 3. (5) transfer, shift - (move around; 'transfer the packet from his trouser pockets to a pocket in his jacket') 5. (1) transfer - (cause to change ownership; 'I transferred my stock holdings to my children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfPossession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MoneyType :AssetType :MoneyObject :Asset ) ] ] . :MoneyType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Money' is treated in COSMO as a GenericSubstance, and specific quantities of money are the objects that consist of Money. MoneyType is a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Money as one of their arguments. Instances of MoneyType can be abstract or physical.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType, :ValuableThingType . :Mongolia :wnsense "Mongolia1n" ; :wordnet "Mongolia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mongolia' in WordNet: 1. Mongolia, Mongolian People's Republic, Outer Mongolia - (a landlocked socialist republic in central Asia) """ . :Mongoose :guid "bd58d19a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mongoose1n" ; :wordnet "mongoose" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mongoose' in Wordnet: 1. mongoose - (agile grizzled Old World viverrine; preys on snakes and rodents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mustelidae . :Monitoring :en "keep tabs on", "keep under surveillance", "keeping an eye on", "keeping tabs on", "watching over" ; :eng "monitoring", "watching" ; :guid "be6e13d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "keep an eye on1v", "monitor1v", "monitoring1n", "ride herd on1v", "supervise2v", "vigil3n", "watch over1v", "watch1n", "watch3n" ; :wordnet "keep an eye on", "monitor", "monitoring", "ride herd on", "supervise", "vigil", "watch", "watch over" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Monitoring'' is an Action performed by one more ''Person''s with or without the assistance of devices that can detect Events that could be relevant to the purpose of the ''Monitoring''. In order to do a proper job, this includes some form of ''PayingAttention'' (to sights and/or sounds and/or flashing lights) plus an ''Analyzing'' of the observations to determine if a trigger criterion for Response has been met. This involves frequently or constantly Observing (by any natural or artifactual sensing mechanism) some Object or properties of objects, over more than a brief period of time, to determine if some situation has changed or needs attention of some kind. Very broad. Some overlap with ''GuardingSomething''. Needs more analysis to differentiate. CYC: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Monitoring is an event in which one or more agents keep track of some ongoing situation, such as the movement of a storm, a military operation, or a series of related crimes. Each instance of #$Monitoring has sub-events of two different types (see the predicate #$subEventTypes): the first type of sub-event is the establishment of communication links with relevant information sources, while the second type of sub-event is the gathering of information (see the collection #$InformationGathering) from these sources. Instances of these two types of event can occur any number of times in a given instance of #$Monitoring, although the first instance of the latter type must always be preceded by an instance of the former type. For example, in monitoring the movement of a storm, some agent may establish some communication link with a weather station acquiring information about the storm, and then gather information about the storm from the station. This could be repeated with different weather stations in the same instance of #$Monitoring, as long as the information gathered concerns the same storm. Corresponds approximately (is broader in one sense than the WN gloss suggests, using potentially multiple sensors; but narrower in *not* requiring supervising subordinates - 'supervise' and 'ride herd on' can be interpreted here as meaning that children or others who may behave badly are being watched) to noun sense 1 of 'monitor' in WordNet: 1. (9) monitor, supervise, ride herd on - (keep tabs on; keep an eye on; keep under surveillance) WN verb 'watch': 2. (64) watch, observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on - (follow with the eyes or the mind; 'Keep an eye on the baby, please!'; 'The world is watching Sarajevo'; 'She followed the men with the binoculars') WN noun 'monitoring': 1. (4) monitoring - (the act of observing something (and sometimes keeping a record of it); 'the monitoring of enemy communications plays an important role in war times') WN noun 'watch': 3. (3) watch, vigil - (a purposeful surveillance to guard or observe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CheckingSomething, :TakingCareOfSomething, :Watching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingAttention ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationGathering ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnalyzingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Responding ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Monk :guid "c0381539-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "monk1n" ; :wordnet "monk" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Essentially the set of scholarly thoughtful, introspective clerics, who dedicate their lives to consideration of God/gods and scholarly devotion. Any member of a 'monastic order' is included in this type. RHW: (in Christianity) a man who has withdrawn from the world for religious reasons, esp. as a member of an order of cenobites living according to a particular rule and under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. (in any religion) a man who is a member of a monastic order: a Buddhist monk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monk' in Wordnet: 1. (5) monk, monastic - (a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson, :PersonWithOccupation, :ReligiousOrderMember, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonasticOrder ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Monkey :guid "bd58ed6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "monkey" ; :wnsense "monkey1n" ; :wordnet "monkey" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Primate and #$NonPersonAnimal. Each instance of adult #$Monkey is an arboreal (i.e., tree-dwelling) primate with a relatively long tail.. Contrast this collection with #$Person and #$Ape. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monkey' in WordNet: 1. (8) monkey - (any of various long-tailed primates (excluding the prosimians)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, :Primate . :MonkeyWrench :wnsense "monkey wrench1n", "monkey-wrench1n" ; :wordnet "monkey wrench", "monkey-wrench" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monkey wrench' in WordNet: 1. monkey-wrench, monkey wrench - (adjustable wrench that has one fixed and one adjustable jaw) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdjustableWrench . :Monochromatic :en "monotone" ; :isTheOppositeOf :MultiColored, :Transparent, :TwoToned ; :wnsense "monochromatic1adj" ; :wordnet "monochromatic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Monochromatic'' is an AttributeValue of an Object or light wave that exhibits only one surface color. RHW 'monotone' adj. 7: consisting of or characterized by a uniform tone of one color: a monotone drape. Cf. monochromatic (defs. 1, 2). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'monochromatic' in Wordnet: 3. monochromatic, monochrome, monochromic, monochromous - (having or appearing to have only one color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :MonocotSubclass :guid "bd58b0d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "endogen1n", "liliopsid1n", "monocot1n", "monocotyledon1n" ; :wordnet "endogen", "liliopsid", "monocot", "monocotyledon" ; a :BiologicalSubclass, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$MonocotSubclass is a specialization of #$FloweringPlant and instance of #$BiologicalSubclass. It is an angiosperm subclass containing taxa whose members have only one cotyledon in the embryo phase and lack normal secondary growth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monocot' in WordNet: 1. monocot, monocotyledon, liliopsid, endogen - (a monocotyledonous flowering plant; the stem grows by deposits on its inside) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :Monocular :en "monocular" ; :guid "bf1c9fbd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Like #$Binoculars except with a single lens system and for use with a single eye. NO WN sense. See RHW noun sense. RHW: adj. 2. of, pertaining to, or for the use of only one eye: a monocular microscope. n. 3. a monocular instrument or device. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :Device-SingleUser, :OpticalInstrument, :SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnifying ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :EyeHole ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Monologue :wnsense "monologue2n" ; :wordnet "monologue" ; a :ActionType, :LanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Monologue'' is some instance of ''SpokenCommunicating'' performed by one Person that is longer than a typical part of a ''Conversation'' performed before or after another party speaks. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'monologue' in WordNet: 2. monologue - (a long utterance by one person (especially one that prevents others from participating in the conversation)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpokenCommunicating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :MonomerUnit :CYC "Monomer" ; :guid "bf497f59-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MonomerUnit'' is an ''AtomGroup'' that is part of a polymer, chemically bonded to one or more other ''MonomerUnits''s. The parent molecule that is bonded is represented as a ''FreeMonomerUnit'' CYC 'Monomer': The collection of all molecular structures that serve or can serve as 'building blocks' of #$PolymerMolecules, which are long-chain molecular structures. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AtomGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Polymer ] . :MonongahelaRiver :flowsInto :OhioRiver ; :guid "bd588cab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "this is one of the rivers that forms the Ohio river." . :Mononucleosis :guid "bed7abdf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "glandular fever1n", "infectious mononucleosis1n", "kissing disease1n", "mono1n", "mononucleosis1n" ; :wordnet "glandular fever", "infectious mononucleosis", "kissing disease", "mono", "mononucleosis" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mononucleosis' in WordNet: 1. infectious mononucleosis, mononucleosis, mono, glandular fever, kissing disease - (an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContagiousDisease, :ViralInfection . :Monoplane :guid "bd58e67e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "monoplane1n" ; :wordnet "monoplane" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all airplanes which have one primary set of wings. Most modern airplanes are monoplanes, although some airplanes used for crop-dusting and aerobatics are biplanes. NOTE that the WN gloss 'single wing' is not quite correct: it should be 'single pair of wings'. There are planes with one wing not supported by a central fuselage, called 'flying wings'. Those truly have one wing. Add the detail at another time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monoplane' in WordNet: 1. monoplane - (an airplane with a single wing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Airplane . :MonopolizingSomething :wnsense "monopoly2n" ; :wordnet "monopoly" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MonopolizingSomething'' is a ''BeingInControl'' (a state) in which the agent has primary 'control' of something - it could be a location ('monoplizng the bathroom'), a resource (subtype ''Monopoly'' - having a monopoly (being sole or dominant supplier) on a commodity, e.g. silver, corn, a technology), or any abstract or concrete object or situation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'monopoly' in WordNet: 2. (2) monopoly - (exclusive control or possession of something; 'They have no monopoly on intelligence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInControl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingAuthority ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :MonorailOrganization :en "monorail organization" ; :guid "bf178891-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for the monorail line (an Organization that owns and operates a 'MonorailRailway'), not the train that runs on it. That needs a different type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Railroad, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonorailTrain ; owl:onProperty :owns ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonorailRailway ; owl:onProperty :owns ] . :MonorailRail :wnsense "rail3n", "railroad track1n" ; :wordnet "rail", "railroad track" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MonorailRail'' is the single steel ''Bar'' of a ''Monorail' that supports a ''MonorailTrain'' and forms the path along which the .''MonorailTrain'' is constrained to move. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'railway' in WordNet: 2. (1) railroad track, railroad, railway - (a line of track providing a runway for wheels; 'he walked along the railroad track') WN Includes part of noun sense 3 of 'rail' in WordNet: 3. track, rail, rails - (a bar or pair of parallel bars of rolled steel making the railway along which railroad cars or other vehicles can roll) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bar, :ManufacturedGoods, :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonorailRailway ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steel ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonorailTrain ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :MonorailRailway :en "monorail rail line", "monorail railway" ; :wnsense "monorail1n", "rail line1n" ; :wordnet "monorail", "rail line" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the physical structure with supports and rails that provides a path for a ''MonrailTrain''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monorail' in WordNet: 1. monorail - (a railway having a single track) WN 'railway line': 2. line, railway line, rail line - (the road consisting of railroad track and roadbed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathForWheeledVehicles, :Railway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonorailTrain ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonorailRail ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonorailOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ] . :MonorailTrain :en "monorail train" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MonorailTrain'' is a ''Train-TransportationDevice'' designed to run on a single ''MonorailRail'' of a ''MonorailRailway''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicTransportationDevice, :Train-TransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassengerCar ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonorailRail ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Passenger ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonorailOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ] . :Monosaccharide :wnsense "monosaccharide1n" ; :wordnet "monosaccharide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A carbohydrate with one ring, such as glucose or fructose. The six-carbon D- series monosaccharides are: allose, altose, glucoes, mannose, gulose, idose, and galactose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monosaccharide' in WordNet (but note the error - sucrose is a disaccharide): 1. monosaccharide, monosaccharose, simple sugar - (a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carbohydrate . :Monotheism :wnsense "monotheism1n" ; :wordnet "monotheism" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Monotheism'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monotheism' in WordNet: 1. monotheism - (belief in a single God) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Religion . :Monotone :isAnAttributeValueOf :Vocalizing ; :wnsense "flat12adj", "monotone2adj", "monotonic2adj", "monotonous2adj" ; :wordnet "flat", "monotone", "monotonic", "monotonous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Monotone'' is an AttributeValue of some ''Vocalizing'' (including ''Speaking'' or chanting) Action in which the tone (pitch) and rhythm of the Vocalizing varies little from beginning to end, unlike normal speech or singing. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'monotone' in Wordnet: 2. flat, monotone, monotonic, monotonous - (sounded or spoken in a tone unvarying in pitch; 'the owl's faint monotonous hooting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constant . :Monotonous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Speaking ; :wnsense "humdrum2adj", "monotonous1adj" ; :wordnet "humdrum", "monotonous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Monotonous'' is an AttributeValue of some ''Speaking'' Action that is repetitive and boring in lacking variety of topic to the extent that it does not hold the interest of listeners. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'monotonous' in Wordnet: 1. (2) humdrum, monotonous - (tediously repetitious or lacking in variety; 'a humdrum existence; all work and no play'; 'nothing is so monotonous as the sea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boring, :Repetitive . :Monotreme :wnsense "monotreme1n" ; :wordnet "monotreme" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monotreme' in WordNet: 1. monotreme, egg-laying mammal - (the most primitive mammals comprising the only extant members of the subclass Prototheria) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prototherian . :Monster :guid "c0a719d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "monster1n" ; :wordnet "monster" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all fictional/mythical animals of strange or terrifying shape, typically but not always imagined also to be very large in comparison with human beings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monster' in Wordnet: 1. (5) monster - (an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ] . :Month :ldoce "month" ; :wnsense "month1n" ; :wordnet "month" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Months. This type includes any ''Month'' on any calendar, including religious and earlier months from antiquity. There are 12 on the western calendar, but other calendars may have differing numbers of months. Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 1 of 'month' in WordNet: 1. (70) calendar month, month - (one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year; 'he paid the bill last month') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval . :MonthAndYear a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """MonthAndYear is a specific time interval of one month located in the specified month and year.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateOrTime . :Montserrat a :Country . :Monument :guid "c10c2d40-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "memorial3n", "monument1n" ; :wordnet "memorial", "monument" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A free-standing Memorialmarker, which can be as small as a small grave marker, but should be fixed in the ground. Cyc requires it to be large, but COSMO and SUMO do not. Therefore it is not necessarily a Landmark, as in Cyc, but could be one of many gravestones in a cemetary.. Cyc: A specialization of #$MemorialMarker. Each instance of this collection is a #$MemorialMarker which is truly monumental - large, imposing, and awe-inspiring. See also the predicates #$artifactHonors and #$monumentHonors. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact whose purpose is to commemorate a person, animal or event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'monument' in Wordnet: 1. (7) memorial, monument - (a structure erected to commemorate persons or events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Custom-MadeObject, :MemorialMarker . :Moo :en "mooing" ; :isEmittedBy :Bovine ; :wnsense "low1n", "moo1n", "moo1v" ; :wordnet "low", "moo" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'mooing' ('lowing') sound made by a bovine animal. Includes n and v senses of 'Moo' in Wordnet: Includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'moo' in Wordnet: 1. moo - (the sound made by a cow or bull) WN verb 'moo': 1. (1) moo, low - (make a low noise, characteristic of bovines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :Mooch :wnsense "cadger1n", "mooch1n", "moocher1n", "scrounger1n" ; :wordnet "cadger", "mooch", "moocher", "scrounger" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mooch'' is a ''Beggar'' who habitually obtains valuable things by ''Mooching''. Difference between a mooch and a beggar? A ''Mooch'' does not beg on the streets, but typically from friends or acquantances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mooch' in WordNet: 1. moocher, mooch, cadger, scrounger - (someone who mooches or cadges (tries to get something free)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beggar . :Mooching :wnsense "bum1v", "cadge1v", "grub1v", "mooch1n", "sponge2v" ; :wordnet "bum", "cadge", "grub", "mooch", "sponge" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mooching'' is an Obtaining of something of value without paying for it, usually after some request or begging. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mooch' in WordNet: 1. mooch, bum, cadge, grub, sponge - (ask for and get free; be a parasite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obtaining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom :ValuableThing ] . :Mood :ldoce "humor", "mood", "temper" ; :wnsense "humor3n", "mood1n", "temper2n" ; :wordnet "humor", "mood", "temper" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Mood is a general Feeling that affects how a Person will react to situations, and usually lasts more than just a few minutes. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'temper' and sense 3 of 'humor' and sense 1 of 'mood' in WordNet: 2. (14) temper, mood, humor, humour - (a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling; 'whether he praised or cursed me depended on his temper at the time'; 'he was in a bad humor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Moody :wnsense "moody2adj", "temperamental2adj" ; :wordnet "moody", "temperamental" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Moody'' Person is one who has ''FrequentMoodSwings'', i.e. performs ''ChangingMoods'' more frequently than nost people. Similar to RHW 'moody' sense 3: 3. expressing or exhibiting sharply varying moods; temperamental. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'moody' in Wordnet: 2. moody, temperamental - (subject to sharply varying moods; 'a temperamental opera singer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Temperamental, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frequently ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :Moon :guid "bd58d5cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "moon" ; :wnsense "moon6n" ; :wordnet "moon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any satellite orbiting any planet. In Cyc called 'MoonOfAPlanet' Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'moon' in WordNet: 6. moon - (any natural satellite of a planet; 'Jupiter has sixteen moons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlanetarySatellite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :orbits ; owl:someValuesFrom :Planet-Generic ] . :MoonBeam :wnsense "moon ray1n", "moon-ray1n", "moonbeam1n" ; :wordnet "moon ray", "moon-ray", "moonbeam" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MoonBeam'' is a ''LightBeam'' coming from and produced by Earth's moon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moonbeam' in WordNet: 1. moonbeam, moon ray, moon-ray - (a ray of moonlight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightBeam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsMoon ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :MoonFigure :ldoce "moon" ; :wnsense "moon2n" ; :wordnet "moon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MoonFigure' is a PhysicalObject that is intended to represents the Earth's moon. This can be two or three-dimensional. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'moon' in WordNet: 2. (1) moon - (any object resembling a moon; 'he made a moon lamp that he used as a night light'; 'the clock had a moon that showed various phases') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsMoon ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :MoonLight :guid "bd58df7b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "moonlight1n" ; :wordnet "moonlight" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The light that comes from the moon by reflection (or from any other moon). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moonlight' in Wordnet: 1. (5) moonlight, moonshine, moon - (the light of the moon; 'moonlight is the smuggler's enemy'; 'the moon was bright enough to read by') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisibleLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Moon ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :Mooning :en "mooning" ; :ldoce "moon" ; :wnsense "moon3v" ; :wordnet "moon" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An action of exposing the buttocks to other people, taken to express contempt, or for amusement, or other not serious purposes. Included as a word that children may understand and use. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'moon' in WordNet: 3. moon - (expose one's buttocks to; 'moon the audience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposingToView, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buttocks ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectExposed ] . :Moonwalk :wnsense "moonwalk2n" ; :wordnet "moonwalk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Moonwalk'' is a ''Walking'' on the surface of the ''EarthsMoon'' that is a ''RoundTrip'' from the landing module to explore some area on the moon near the module, then returning to the landing module. This includes the Action of an Astronaut riding in a moon exploration vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'moonwalk' in WordNet: 2. moonwalk - (an exploratory walk by an astronaut on the surface of the moon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exploring, :RoundTrip, :Walking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsMoon ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astronaut ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Moonwalking :wnsense "moonwalk1n" ; :wordnet "moonwalk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Moonwalking'' is to to a 'moonwalk' which is a ''DanceStep'' requiring a special technique. The 'moonwalk' ay be performed as part of various dances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mooonwalk' in WordNet: 1. moonwalk - (a kind of dance step in which the dancer seems to be sliding on the spot; 'Michael Jackson perfected the moonwalk in the 1980s') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DanceStep . :Moor :wnsense "moor2n", "moorland1n" ; :wordnet "moor", "moorland" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Moor'' is a ''PlainArea'' where the ground is not well drained and therefore retains significant moisture, but is not a marshland. RHW: 1. a tract of open, peaty, wasteland, often overgrown with heath, common in high latitudes and altitudes where drainage is poor; heath. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'moor' in WordNet: 2. moor, moorland - (open land usually with peaty soil covered with heather and bracken and moss) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlainArea . :Moose :guid "bd58bf44-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Alces alces1n", "European elk1n", "elk1n", "moose1n" ; :wordnet "Alces alces", "European elk", "elk", "moose" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Moose'' is a large type of ''Deer'' with distinctive large antlers common in North America and Europe. The silhouette of the male is distinctive due in part to the shape of the head and the large antlers (how to express 'enormous palmate antlers'??) . RHW: 1. a large, long-headed mammal, Alces alces, of the deer family, having circumpolar distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, the male of which has enormous palmate antlers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moose' in WordNet: 1. elk, European elk, moose, Alces alces - (large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called 'elk' in Europe and 'moose' in North America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Mop :guid "bd58d025-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mop1n" ; :wordnet "mop" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any long-handled Device used for cleaning floors, with an absorbant material at the working end to hold water or a cleaning solution. ToDo: Define 'mop head'. @ToDo: define 'absorbency'of absorbent materials - to avoid ternary pred, need 'AbsorbencyToWater' etc. or special Pair for object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mop' in WordNet: 1. swab, swob, mop - (cleaning implement consisting of absorbent material fastened to a handle; for cleaning floors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningImplement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoppingaFloor ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwabbingWithaMop ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MopHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MopHead ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :MopHandle :wnsense "mop handle1n" ; :wordnet "mop handle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A shaft-like ''Handle'' longer than 120 cm, attached to a ''MopHead'' to make a ''Mop''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mop handle' in WordNet: 1. mop handle - (the handle of a mop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :LongHandle, :Shaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mop ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :MopHead :en "mop head" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MopHead'' is some SolidObject consisting of a quantity of some absorbant material, used as part of a ''Mop'' to clean a floor or other supporting surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsorbentObject, :WorkingHead, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mop ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :MoppingaFloor :wnsense "mop up1v", "mop1v", "wipe up1v" ; :wordnet "mop", "mop up", "wipe up" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MoppingaFloor'' is ''CleaningaFloor'' using a''Mop'' and water, usually with some form of soap in the water.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mop' in WordNet: 1. (2) wipe up, mop up, mop - (to wash or wipe with or as if with a mop; 'Mop the hallway now'; 'He mopped her forehead with a towel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningaFloor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom :Mop ] . :Moral :isTheOppositeOf :Immoral ; :ldoce "moral" ; :wnsense "moral3adj" ; :wordnet "moral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated conforms to some code of morality or ethics. Usually 'ethical' does not imply a code handed down by a supernatural power such as God, but the two are difficult to disentangle. Violation of God's codes can be distinguished as 'sinful' Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'moral' and includes senses 2 and 3 of 'ethical' in WordNet: WN 'moral' 3. (1) ethical, honorable, honourable, moral - (adhering to ethical and moral principles; 'it seems ethical and right'; 'followed the only honorable course of action'; 'had the moral courage to stand alone') WN 'ethical' 3. (1) ethical, honorable, honourable, moral - (adhering to ethical and moral principles; 'it seems ethical and right'; 'followed the only honorable course of action'; 'had the moral courage to stand alone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :MoralOfaStory :wnsense "lesson3n", "moral1n" ; :wordnet "lesson", "moral" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MoralOfaStory'' is a lesson (an assertion intended or able to teach something to someone) that is either (1) contained in a ''Story'' and intended to be understood by the hearer of a ''Story''; or (2) able to be inferred by experience or by hearing of another's experience. Not all stories have a ''MoralOfaStory''. See ''Fable'' for one that does. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moral' in WordNet: 1. (2) moral, lesson - (the significance of a story or event; 'the moral of the story is to love thy neighbor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Story ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Educational ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MoralPrinciple :ldoce "principle" ; :wnsense "precept1n", "principle2", "principle5" ; :wordnet "precept", "principle" ; a :ObligationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This specialization of 'Principle' represents a rule of conduct that is believed to be valid by the person who believes it, and which is derived from some beliefs that are based in some code of morality. NOTE that a 'MoralPrinciple' is considered an 'Obligation' (moral obligation). If that person also tries to behave according to such rules, that person may be called 'a man of principle' - in that sense, 'principle' is a special kind of principle - specifically one that means that one should conscienciously behave according to moral principles. It is possible to believe in the validity of a moral principle and still not make any significant effort to behave acordingly. This sense corresponds to sense 1 of 'principle' in RHW: 1. an accepted or professed rule of action or conduct: a person of good moral principles. It also corresponds to sense 5 in WordNet, but is part of the apparent sense of sense 2 in WordNet: 2. (9) principle - (a rule or standard especially of good behavior; 'a man of principle'; 'he will not violate his principles') 5. (2) principle, precept - (rule of personal conduct) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obligation, :Principle, :RationaleForAction, :RuleForBehavior . :MoralVirtue :takesValue :Moral ; :wnsense "virtue1n", "virtue3n" ; :wordnet "virtue" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MoralVirtue'' is an AttributeType that includes any attribute that is considered 'Moral' (approved and appropriate behavior by a Person). Different religions and cultures have different sets of behaviors considered as 'moral'. Each will be a subtype or associated value of this type. They may conflict,so in the case of conflicts there needs to be a pointer to the community in which the assignment is vaid. @ToDo; REV1397 Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'virtue' in WordNet: 1. (6) virtue, virtuousness, moral excellence - (the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Virtue . :Morale :guid "73611c8c-92b8-11d6-8000-0090279a5c18" ; :wnsense "morale1n" ; :wordnet "morale" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of ''Morale'' is an ''EmotionalState'' that may cause a Person to feel optimistic or pessimistic about the utility of futility of expending effort on some specific task or on tasks generally. This broadly covers the overall disposition of a Person to exert effort enthusiastically or reluctantly or not at all. NOTE: in CYC this is a quantitative attribute - odd usage, not followed in COSMO. CYC: The collection of attributes expressing the morale level of a group of agents or an individual. Morale is the mental condition which is characterized by enthusiasm and a willingness to endure hardships for some higher goal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morale' in WordNet: 1. (2) morale - (a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionalState . :Morality :wnsense "morality1n" ; :wordnet "morality" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Morality' is a BehavioralDisposition that disposes a Person to perform only acts s/he considers to be 'moral' and avoid those that are 'immoral'. NOTE: the WN sense is slighty ambiguous; more specific are senses 1 and 2 in RHW: 1. conformity to the rules of right conduct; moral or virtuous conduct. 2. moral quality or character. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morality' in WordNet: 1. (8) morality - (concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Honor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Moral ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonalEthics ] . :Morally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Moral ; :wnsense "morally1adv" ; :wordnet "morally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Morally'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify adjectives to refer to their ''Moral'' aspects or conformity to ''Morality''. Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 1 of 'morally' in Wordnet: 1. (2) morally - (with respect to moral principles; 'morally unjustified') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :MorallyRighteous :wnsense "justifiable1adj", "righteous2adj" ; :wordnet "justifiable", "righteous" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MorallyRighteous'' is a subAttribute of ''Justified'' for Actions that are motivated by a sense ''Righteousness''. No WN sense of 'justified': justified is in WN only for text formatting. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'justifiable' in Wordnet: 1. justifiable - (capable of being justified) WN adj 'righteous': 2. righteous - (morally justified; 'righteous indignation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :MorallyUpright :ldoce "fair", "just", "upright" ; :wnsense "fair1adj", "just3adj", "upright2adj" ; :wordnet "fair", "just", "upright" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute of people whose actions tend to exhibit a sense of morality, fairness, and justice to their fellow humans. For the sense of actions or situations that exemplify upright behavior or a state of justice, use 'Just'. Includes the parts of adjective senses 2 of 'upright', 3 and 4 of 'just' and sense 1 of 'fair' in WordNet, relating to the behavior of people: in WordNet: 1. (10) fair, just - (free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; or conforming with established standards or rules; 'a fair referee'; 'fair deal'; 'on a fair footing'; 'a fair fight'; 'by fair means or foul') WN adjective 'just': 4. good, just, upright - (of moral excellence; 'a genuinely good person'; 'a just cause'; 'an upright and respectable man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Moratorium :wnsense "moratorium2n" ; :wordnet "moratorium" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Moratorium'' is an ''Abeyance'' of some whose start and end are controlled by some formal ''Authority''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'moratorium' in WordNet: 2. moratorium - (suspension of an ongoing activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abeyance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authority ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoratoriumInterval ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :MoratoriumInterval :wnsense "moratorium1n" ; :wordnet "moratorium" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moratorium' in WordNet: 1. moratorium - (a legally authorized postponement before some obligation must be discharged) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Postponement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Moratorium ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :More :ldoce "more" ; :wnsense "more1adj", "more2adj" ; :wordnet "more" ; a :ComparativeMagnitude ; rdfs:comment """'More' is used in an instance of 'AttributeComparison' to assert that the attribute being compared for the first ('subject') of two entities being compared is of greater magnitude than the commensurate magnitude of the second ('object') entity. This is equivalent to using a comparative attribute to compare two entities (longer, shorter higher, hotter, colder, redder, newer, older, stranger, greener, heavier, darker), the interpretation depends on the attribute value specified by the relation 'hasAttributeOfComparison'. This can be used with count nouns to indicate a higher cardinality value. For alternative ways to express comparison, see the relations 'isMoreThanByQuantity'; 'greaterThan'; and 'isLessThanByQuantity'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'more' in WordNet: 1. (134) more, more than - ((comparative of 'much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree; 'more land'; 'more support'; 'more rain fell'; 'more than a gallon') 2. (68) more - ((comparative of 'many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number; 'a hall with more seats'; 'we have no more bananas'; 'more than one') """ . :MoreThanEnough :en "more than enough" ; :enadj "more than enough" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Enough ; :wnsense "ample1adj" ; :wordnet "ample" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MoreThanEnough' is an attribute of some amount (of materials or effort or money, etc.) that asserts that the amount is in excess of what is required to accomplish the goal. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ample' in Wordnet: 1. (8) ample - (more than enough in size or scope or capacity; 'had ample food for the party'; 'an ample supply') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SufficiencyValue . :MoreThanaBillionDollars :en "more than a billion dollars", "over a billion dollars" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MoreThanaBillionDollars'' is a ''LargeAmountOfMoney'' that is no less than a billion dollars. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LargeAmountOfMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OveraBillionDollars ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :MoreThanaMillionDollars :hasQuantifierMinimum :N_1000000 ; :hasUnit :dollars ; a :MoneyMeasure . :Moribund :en "dying" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Death, :DyingProcess ; :wnsense "dying1adj", "moribund1adj" ; :wordnet "dying", "moribund" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Moribund'' is the attribute of something - an Organism, an Organization, an Institution,that is in the last stages of life or existence and 'dying' (performing the action of ''Death'' as used in COSMO.) Correspond to adjective sense 2 of'moribund' in WordNet: 2. moribund - (being on the point of death; breathing your last; 'a moribund patient') WN adj 'dying' 1. (2) dying - (in or associated with the process of passing from life or ceasing to be; 'a dying man'; 'his dying wish'; 'a dying fire'; 'a dying civilization') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sick . :Mormon :pertainsTo :MormonChurch, :MormonPerson ; :wnsense "Mormon1adj" ; :wordnet "Mormon" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mormon'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''MormonChurch'' or a ''MormonPerson'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Mormon' in Wordnet: 1. Mormon - (of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Mormon church; 'Mormon leaders'; 'the former Mormon practice of polygamy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MormonChurch :wnsense "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints1n", "Mormon Church1n", "Mormons1n" ; :wordnet "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints", "Mormon Church", "Mormons" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mormon Church' in WordNet: 1. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Mormon Church, Mormons - (church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtestantDenomination . :MormonPerson :wnsense "Latter-Day Saint1n", "Mormon2n" ; :wordnet "Latter-Day Saint", "Mormon" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Mormon' in WordNet: 2. Latter-Day Saint, Mormon - (a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Member, :Person, :ProtestantPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MormonChurch ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Morning :en "AM" ; :ldoce "morning" ; :wnsense "antemeridian1adj", "morning1n" ; :wordnet "antemeridian", "morning" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of TimeIntervals that begin at Sunrise and end at noon. This depends on the time zone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morning' and sense 1 of 'antemeridian' in WordNet: 1. (87) morning, morn, morning time, forenoon - (the time period between dawn and noon; 'I spent the morning running errands') WN adj 'antemeridian': 1. antemeridian - (before noon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DayTime, :TimeOfDay . :MorningAndAfternoon :hasFirstElement :Morning ; :hasSecondElement :Afternoon ; a :Group, :OrderedPair . :MorningAndEvening :hasFirstElement :Morning ; :hasSecondElement :Evening ; a :Group, :OrderedPair . :Morocco :wnsense "Morocco1n" ; :wordnet "Morocco" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Morocco' in WordNet: 1. (3) Morocco, Kingdom of Morocco, Maroc, Marruecos, Al-Magrib - (a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa with a largely Muslim population; achieved independence from France in 1956) """ . :Moron :wnsense "moron1n" ; :wordnet "moron" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Moron'' is a ''StupidPerson'' whose intelligence is substantially below the average for a Person. The term is often used pejoratively, but technically it is merely a characterization of intelligence. NOTE that WN does not distinguish between 'moron' 'imbecile' and 'idiot', as is done in psychology. COSMO adopts the technical usage with'imbecile' and 'idiot' as progressively less intelligent subtypes of 'moron'. So to call someone an 'idiot' would also be calling that person a 'moron' which has the same effect as the WN usage (except that calling one a moron or imbecile would not be the same as calling that person an 'idiot' - no great loss). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'moron' in WordNet: 1. idiot, imbecile, cretin, moron, changeling, half-wit, retard - (a person of subnormal intelligence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StupidPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Moronic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Moronic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "moronic1adj" ; :wordnet "moronic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Moronic'' is a more intensive level of 'Stupid', characterizing someone whos intelligence is much lower than the average. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'moronic' in WordNet: 1. moronic - (having a mental age of between eight and twelve years) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stupid . :Morose :wnsense "dark7adj", "dour3adj", "glowering1adj", "glum2adj", "moody1adj", "morose1adj", "saturnine2adj", "sour6adj", "sullen1adj" ; :wordnet "dark", "dour", "glowering", "glum", "moody", "morose", "saturnine", "sour", "sullen" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'morose' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dark, dour, glowering, glum, moody, morose, saturnine, sour, sullen - (showing a brooding ill humor; 'a dark scowl'; 'the proverbially dour New England Puritan'; 'a glum, hopeless shrug'; 'he sat in moody silence'; 'a morose and unsociable manner'; 'a saturnine, almost misanthropic young genius'- Bruce Bliven; 'a sour temper'; 'a sullen crowd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Morpheme :wnsense "morpheme1n" ; :wordnet "morpheme" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Part of a Word which cannot be subdivided and which expresses a meaning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morpheme' in Wordnet: 1. morpheme - (minimal meaningful language unit; it cannot be divided into smaller meaningful units) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticObject . :Morphine :guid "c10e8476-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "morphia1n", "morphine1n" ; :wordnet "morphia", "morphine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: a white, bitter, #$Crystalline #$Alkaloid, the most important narcotic and addictive constituent of #$Opium, obtained by extraction and crystallization and used chiefly in medicine as a pain reliever and sedative. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morphine' in WordNet: 1. morphine, morphia - (an alkaloid narcotic drug extracted from opium; a powerful, habit-forming narcotic used to relieve pain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddictiveSubstance, :Alkaloid, :IllegalDrug, :NarcoticDrug, :OrganicCompound, :PsychoactiveAgent, :Stimulant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crystalline ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opium ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ] . :Morphology :hasSubjectOfStudy :LifeForm ; :wnsense "morphology1n" ; :wordnet "morphology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Morphology'' is the science that studies the structure of Organisms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'morphology' in WordNet: 1. (1) morphology - (the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LifeForm ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganismPart ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Mortal :hasAdverbialForm :Busily ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Organism ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Death ; :isTheOppositeOf :Immortal ; :wnsense "mortal1adj" ; :wordnet "mortal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mortal'' is an attribute of things (as of 2019, only organisms) that must inevitably die. Can this be applied to Organizations? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mortal' in Wordnet: 1. (3) mortal - (subject to death; 'mortal beings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive . :Mortality :wnsense "mortality1n" ; :wordnet "mortality" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mortality'' is the state of 'being mortal', having the attribute ''Mortal'', i.e necessarily dying some day. NOTE that the 'ending subevent' is ''Death''; the end of this state is the dying phase. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mortality' in WordNet: 1. (4) mortality - (the quality or state of being mortal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mortal ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ] . :Mortar :wnsense "mortar1n" ; :wordnet "mortar" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bonding material containing ''Cement-Structural'' used in building stone structures. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mortar' in WordNet: 2. (2) mortar - (used as a bond in masonry or for covering a wall) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BondingMaterial, :BuildingMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cement-Structural ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :MortarGun :wnsense "mortar1n", "trench mortar1n" ; :wordnet "mortar", "trench mortar" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MortarGun'' is a military weapon (a 'mortar') that is essentially a long tube mounted on a flat base into which 'mortar shells' can be dropped, firing an explosive shell over a relatively short range. The smaller mortars (81 mm) canbe carrried by one or two people, but the larger ones (e.g. 120 mm) may need to be towed. The typcal angle of fire is higher than that of a ''Howizer'', an Artillery piece that is mounted and too heavy for people to carry The WN 'mortar' is mixed in with ''Howitzer'', another type of 'HighAngleGun''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mortar' in WordNet: 1. (3) mortar, howitzer, trench mortar - (a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighAngleGun, :PortableObject . :Mortarboard :guid "c0f489e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mortarboard2n" ; :wordnet "mortarboard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The cap used in graduation ceremonies (usually square with a tassle). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mortarboard' in WordNet: 2. mortarboard - (an academic cap with a flat square with a tassel on top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Tassel ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-topped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MortgageAgreement :guid "bee0f3ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mortgage1n" ; :wordnet "mortgage" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a collection of microtheories and a subset of #$AuthorizedAgreement. Each element of #$MortgageAgreement is generated from an instance of #$Mortgaging. A #$MortgageAgreement contains the terms of a mortgage (in which money is borrowed and a claim against the borrower's property is given to secure the loan). See 'InstallmentPayment' for the periodicpayments usually required in a ''MortgageAgreement''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mortgage' in WordNet: 1. (4) mortgage - (a conditional conveyance of property as security for the repayment of a loan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AuthorizedAgreement, :LoanAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MortgageInterest ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :MakingaMortgageAgreement ] . :MortgageInterest a :AssetType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MortgageInterest'' is a ''SecurityInterest'' created by a ''MortgageAgreement''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SecurityInterest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MortgageAgreement ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :MortgageLoanContract :FIBO "MortgageLoanContract" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MortgageLoanContract'' is a ''LoanContract'' which specifies the terms for a loan of money using a piece of real property as collateral for repayment. (a FIBO type 'MortgageLoanContract) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LoanContract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MortgageAgreement ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MortgageAgreement ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MortgagedRealEstate ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :MortgagedRealEstate :en "mortgaged property" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MortgagedRealEstate'' is a piece of RealEstate that has an outstanding Mortgage, and therefor serves as ''Surety'' for repayment of the MortgageLoan to the mortgage holder. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealEstate, :Surety . :Mortification :wnsense "chagrin1n", "humiliation1n", "humiliation2n", "mortification1n" ; :wordnet "chagrin", "humiliation", "mortification" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of FeelingType that is a more intense form of ''Embarrassment''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mortification' and includes sense 1 of 'humiliation' (a state that is not necessarily accompanied by the feeling) in WordNet: 1. (1) chagrin, humiliation, mortification - (strong feelings of embarrassment) WN noun 'humiliation': 1. (2) humiliation - (state of disgrace or loss of self-respect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Embarrassment . :Mosaic :wnsense "mosaic1n" ; :wordnet "mosaic" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mosaic'' is a ''TwoDimensionalArtObject'' that is produced by closely arranging together small pieces of colored glass or stone having a flat surface onto a flat surface so that as a group they appear to be a 2-Dimensional representation of some object or artistic pattern. Usually at least a few hundred pieces are needed to create the illusion of an image. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mosaic' in WordNet: 1. (2) mosaic - (art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HexalateralObject, :TwoDimensionalArtObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PiecingTogether ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :MoscowArea :isSmallerThan :Russia ; a :CityRegion . :MoscowRussia :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :MoscowArea ; :inContext :Russia ; :isaSpatialPartOf :Russia ; a :CapitalCity, :City, :LargestCityByPopulation, :LargestThingInaContext, :UniqueThingInaContext ; rdfs:comment """Not to be confused with any other 'Moscow'. """ . :Mosque :guid "c09499ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mosque1n" ; :wordnet "mosque" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A religious building where Islamic services and activities are held. Some of these are definitely #$ModernShelterConstructions, but some are not. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mosque' in Wordnet: 1. mosque - ((Islam) a Muslim place of worship that usually has a minaret) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimPrayer ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mullah ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyManagedBy ] . :MosqueCongregation :guid "2c784403-2063-11d8-8d63-0002b3a86795" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc, this is a subtype of Organization, but in COSMO it is a GroupOfPeople. The justification for this is the expectation that people may attend a Mosque or any other religious building without being listed on any membership list. At this point (v 045) no 'Organization' for local congregations is defined in COSMO. It may be added if needed. Cyc: A #$MosqueCongregation is a local Muslim religious organization that worships together at a common #$Mosque. They may be led by an official cleric, such as a #$Mullah, and #$SunniIslam congregations are often led by an #$Imam-Sunni.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousGroup . :Mosquito :guid "bd58dff8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mosquito1n" ; :wordnet "mosquito" ; a :ArthropodType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mosquito ' in WordNet: 1. (2) mosquito - (two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodFeedingArthropod, :Insect, :Vermin . :MosquitoBite :wnsense "mosquito bite1n" ; :wordnet "mosquito bite" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MosquitoBite'' is a ''Bite'' (a wound on the skin) produced by a ''Bee'' stingin a animal, often manifesting as a small swelling that may itch intensely.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mosquito bite' in WordNet: 1. mosquito bite - (a sting inflicted by a mosquito) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArthropodBite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mosquito ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :Moss :guid "bd58a34f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "moss1n" ; :wordnet "moss" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A NonFloweringPlant without true roots and little if any vascular tissue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moss' in Wordnet: 1. (1) moss - (tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusciClass, :NonFloweringPlant . :MostCommon :isTheOppositeOf :Rare ; :wnsense "predominant1adj", "prevailing1adj", "prevailing2adj", "prevalent1adj", "rife1adj" ; :wordnet "predominant", "prevailing", "prevalent", "rife" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MostCommon'' is the attribute of type of things that occur with greatest frequency within a specific group or in a specific Region, or the most commonly found subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prevalent' in Wordnet: 1. (3) prevailing, prevalent, rife - (encountered generally especially at the present time; 'the prevailing opinion was that a trade war could be averted'; 'the most prevalent religion in our area'; 'speculation concerning the books author was rife') WN adj 'predominant': 1. prevailing, predominant - (most frequent or common; 'prevailing winds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Widespread . :MostFavored :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Favoring ; :wnsense "best-loved1adj", "favored1adj", "favorite1adj", "favorite2adj", "favourite1adj", "pet1adj", "preferred2adj" ; :wordnet "best-loved", "favored", "favorite", "favourite", "pet", "preferred" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MostFavored'' is a subtype of ''Preferred'' specifying that the thing characterized is the most ''Preferred'' of several alternatives, where there may be more than one that are acceptable. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'favorite' in Wordnet: 1. (1) favorite, favourite - (appealing to the general public; 'a favorite tourist attraction') 2. (1) favored, favorite, favourite, best-loved, pet, preferred, preferent - (preferred above all others and treated with partiality; 'the favored child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preferred . :MostSignificant :en "most significant" ; :enadj "most significant" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Group ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something that is the ''MostSignificant'' of a Group of things (usually an Event) is the thing that is the most ''Consequential'' and important, for some Purpose or some Agent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Important ; owl:disjointWith :Uninteresting . :Mostly :wnsense "by and large1adv", "chiefly1adv", "for the most part1adv", "generally1adv", "in the main1adv", "largely1adv", "mainly1adv", "more often than not1adv", "mostly1adv", "mostly2adv", "primarily1adv", "principally1adv", "usually1adv" ; :wordnet "by and large", "chiefly", "for the most part", "generally", "in the main", "largely", "mainly", "more often than not", "mostly", "primarily", "principally", "usually" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mostly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Events or Groups and specifies that the majority of Instances or ComponentElements are of a particular type or have some particular attribute. See also Adverb instances ''generally'' and ''usually''. Includes adverb sense 1 of 'mostly' and sense 1 of 'primariy' in WordNet: 1. (10) largely, mostly, for the most part - (in large part; mainly or chiefly; 'These accounts are largely inactive') 2. (3) by and large, generally, more often than not, mostly - (usually; as a rule; 'by and large it doesn't rain much here') WN adverb 'primarily': 1. (28) chiefly, principally, primarily, mainly, in the main - (for the most part; 'he is mainly interested in butterflies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :MostlyFlat :en "flatish", "mostly flat", "sort of flat" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MostlyFlat'' is a ''SurfaceAttributeValue'' for surfaces on ''PhysicalObject''s that are *overall* 'flat' in the sense that each arc that includes points on the edges of the object and also includes a surface point in the middle of the object is less than a third of a semicircle. The overall external appearance is such that all parts on the surface are visible from a few feet away from the surface. This is one step toward specifying degrees of 'flatness', The subtype ''Flat'' will represent a greater degree of flatness, as described in the CYC gloss. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Even, :SurfaceAttributeValue . :MostlyHorizontal :wnsense "prostrate4adj" ; :wordnet "prostrate" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MostlyHorizontal' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that have at least one long dimension that is oriented either parallel to the Earth's surface,or somewhat tilted toward the vertical,but more horizntal thanvertical. This is an approximate attribute, and things can be more horizontal than others. For close to horizontal (sloped upward less than 21 degrees) use subtype ''Horizontal''. This is for any kind of object,animate or inanimate. For a Person lying flat on a horizontal surface, use subtype ''Prostrate''. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'prostrate' in Wordnet (which seems to be for people): in WordNet: 1. (2) flat, prostrate - (stretched out and lying at full length along the ground; 'found himself lying flat on the floor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Motel :wnsense "motel1n" ; :wordnet "motel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Hotel with parking facilities, usually located on or near a highway, where motorists can stay and conveniently park their vehicle. In a city, a 'Motel' is usually lower (no more than a few stories) than a Hotel. The distinction may be For hotels with lots of rooms, use 'Hotel'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motel' in WordNet: 1. (1) motel - (a motor hotel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HotelBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParkingLot ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Moth :guid "c0fd5f86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "moth1n" ; :wordnet "moth" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Nocturnal Insect with a large body and antennae. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moth' in WordNet: 1. (3) moth -- (typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lepidopteran . :Mother :en "ma", "mama", "mamma", "mom", "mommy" ; :kids "ma", "mama", "mamma", "mom", "mommy" ; :ldoce "mother" ; :wnsense "mother1n" ; :wordnet "mother" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Mother' is a FemalePerson that is in some sense a 'mother' - biological mother, adoptive mother, foster mother, stepmother. The subtypes are more specific. This implies that there is a child related by the 'isTheMotherOf' relation. Includes but is broader than nun sense 1 of 'mother' in WordNet; for the narrower sense, use 'BirthMother' in WordNet: 1. (100) mother, female parent - (a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother); 'the mother of three children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ancestor, :FemalePerson, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :isTheMotherOf ] . :MotherInLaw :wnsense "mother-in-law1n" ; :wordnet "mother-in-law" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mother-in-law' in WordNet: 1. mother-in-law - (the mother of your spouse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InLaw, :Mother, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spouse ; owl:onProperty :isTheMotherOf ] . :MotherNature :ldoce "nature" ; :wnsense "nature2n" ; :wordnet "nature" ; a :GenericAgent ; rdfs:comment """'MotherNature' is a metaphorical instance of GenericAgent that is the author of each 'LawOfNature'. This allows representing physical laws as Rules - for ease of translating linguistic expressions relating to laws of Nature. The use of this concept expresses a lack of commitment to any theory about the origin of our universe and its laws. Whether the universe was created by some IntelligentAgent, or by some other process, is not, as of now, knowable with certaintly, and this placeholder for 'whatever created our universe' can be changed if more definite information about the origin of our universe and its 'LawOfNature's is developed. The term 'MotherNature', used to express 'whatever created our universe' is therefore the creator of 'Nature' as expressed in definitions 1, 5, and 6 of the Random House Webster: 1. the material world, esp. as surrounding humankind and existing independently of human activities. 5. the universe, with all its phenomena. 6. the sum total of the forces at work throughout the universe. But, to say that 'MotherNature' created our universe must not be interpreted to mean that COSMO is committed to any theory that some IntelligentAgent created the universe, because the only characteritic of 'MotherNature' is that it is a GenericAgent that created the universe. Its properties are otherwise undefined. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nature' in WordNet: 2. (12) nature - (a causal agent creating and controlling things in the universe; 'the laws of nature'; 'nature has seen to it that men are stronger than women') """ . :Motherhood :wnsense "maternity2n", "motherhood1n" ; :wordnet "maternity", "motherhood" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Motherhood'' is the state of a Person who is a ''Mother'' in any sense - birth mother, genetic mother, or adoptive mother. A 'Stepmother' would be a different type of relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motherhood' in WordNet: 1. motherhood, maternity - (the kinship relation between an offspring and the mother) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRelationship, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mother ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :subjectOfStateHas ] . :Mothering :eng "mothering" ; :wnsense "fuss2v", "mother1v", "overprotect1v" ; :wordnet "fuss", "mother", "overprotect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mother' in WordNet: 1. (2) mother, fuss, overprotect - (care for like a mother; 'She fusses over her husband') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MothersMilk :hasColor :White ; :hasComponentSubstance :Lactose, :Protein ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Mammal ; :isSecretedBy :Teat ; :wnsense "mother's milk1n" ; :wordnet "mother's milk" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MothersMilk'' is the recently secreted ''Milk'' obtained by a young mammal from another mammal of the same species - whether from its own mother or from a 'wet nurse',and whether directly from the teat or from a bottle after having been suctioned out of the teat and preserved for later use. NOTE: there is no direct parent in WordNet for recently secreted milk - the parent ''Milk'' could be homogenized and in a bottle ten days old. This will be interpreted as recently secreted milk from any mammal, until more distinctions can be added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mother's milk' in WordNet: 1. mother's milk - (milk secreted by a woman who has recently given birth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Milk . :Motion :CYC "MovementEvent" ; :guid "bd590401-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "go", "move" ; :wnsense "go1v", "locomote1v", "motion1n", "motion4n", "move1v", "move3n", "move4n", "movement3n", "movement4n" ; :wordnet "go", "locomote", "motion", "move", "movement" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the most general sense of some physical object or part of a PhysicalObject changing its location or orientation in any way. Turning in place (rotation), vibration, oscillation, moving in circles, as well as complete change of location of an object is included. Called 'MovementEvent' in Opencyc, 'Motion' in SUMO. OpenCyc: 'MovementEvent' A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer and #$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent (qq.v.). This is the most general collection of physical movements. Each instance of #$MovementEvent is an event in which at least one object (see #$objectMoving) either translates some distance or moves from one rotational orientation to another, relative to a frame of reference that is not part of the translating/rotating object. The movement in question might be periodic or not, continuous or not. Notable specializations of #$MovementEvent include #$Translocation, #$Movement-Rotation, #$Movement-Periodic, and #$MovementProcess. SUMO: Any Process of movement. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'go' and sense 1 and 3 of 'move', and includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'move' and nouns senses 1,2,3, and 6 of 'motion' and noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'movement' in WN - WN verb 'move' in WordNet: 1. (343) travel, go, move, locomote - (change location; move, travel, or proceed; 'How fast does your new car go?'; 'We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus'; 'The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect'; 'The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell') WN noun 'move': 3. (57) motion, movement, move, motility - (a change of position that does not entail a change of location; 'the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise'; 'movement is a sign of life'; 'an impatient move of his hand'; 'gastrointestinal motility') 4. (30) motion, movement, move - (the act of changing location from one place to another; 'police controlled the motion of the crowd'; 'the movement of people from the farms to the cities'; 'his move put him directly in my path') WN noun 'motion': 1. (22) movement, motion - (a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something) 3. (6) motion, movement, move, motility - (a change of position that does not entail a change of location; 'the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise'; 'movement is a sign of life'; 'an impatient move of his hand'; 'gastrointestinal motility') 6. (1) motion, movement, move - (the act of changing location from one place to another; 'police controlled the motion of the crowd'; 'the movement of people from the farms to the cities'; 'his move put him directly in my path') WN noun 'movement': 1. (24) motion, movement, move, motility - (a change of position that does not entail a change of location; 'the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise'; 'movement is a sign of life'; 'an impatient move of his hand'; 'gastrointestinal motility') 2. (19) movement, motion - (a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something) 3. (16) motion, movement, move - (the act of changing location from one place to another; 'police controlled the motion of the crowd'; 'the movement of people from the farms to the cities'; 'his move put him directly in my path') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovementOrShapeChangeEvent . :Motion-SolidAgainstSolid :guid "bd58816c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In instances of #$Motion-SolidAgainstSolid the #$motionPathway-Complete is in contact with (#$touches) every #$objectMoving. This collection is a #$TemporalStuffType so contact between #$objectMoving and #$motionPathway-Complete occurs throughout all #$timeSlices. The #$objectMoving and the #$motionPathway-Complete are solid objects. Hockey pucks sliding, rolling, and spinning on ice exemplars. Car transportation and #$SnowSkiing are a negative examples because many of the #$objectMovings in these events do not touch the pathway e.g. the car passengers, the skiers hat etc.. Instances of #$Motion-SolidAgainstSolid are involved as #$subEvents however. The car's wheels, and the skier's skis are the respective #$objectMovings.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent . :MotionAttribute a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MotionAttribute' AttributeValue that specifies whether an object is moving, and if so in what manner (i.e. linearly, rotating, cycling); more specific attributes may indicate in what direction, and with what approximate velocity an object is moving. This is a QualitativeAttributeValue, so numbers cannot be attached, just verbal clues.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MotionDownhill :en "downhill motion" ; :enn "downhill motion" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MotionDownhill'' is a 'Descending' in which the Object descending is supported at least partly by a ''Slope-Topographical'', as in rolling or sliding down the side of a hill. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Descending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slope-Topographical ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DownHill ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DownHill ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ] . :MotionDownward :reversesTheEffectOf :MotionUpward ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Motion where an Object is moving toward the ground. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Downward ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MotionInPlace :wnsense "move3v" ; :wordnet "move" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MotionInPlace' is a type of 'Motion' in which the center of gravity of the Object moving does not move in space and come to rest at a new location (relative to some frame of reference). This is for example, rotating, vibrating, rocking (of a rocking chair), swinging (of a swing or pendulum), or fluttering (of a flag) among other things. It is difficult to express this intruitive concept percisely, as it takes several forms, but this is conceptually disjoint from a translation that actually changes the location of an object. The conceptual difficulty arises, among other things, from the fact that in many of these motions, the center of gravity of the object may change temporarily or periodically (as with a pendulum) so that some subevent of the overall motion type might be represented as a translation. @ToDo: how to represent this logically??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'move' in WordNet: 3. (52) move - (move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion; 'He moved his hand slightly to the right') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :Motion . :MotionThroughaFluid :en "moving through a fluid" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MotionThroughaFluid'' is generic type that may be needed to represent the forces of drag and (for small objects) brownian motion on small objects in a fluid, especially in a LiquidObject. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidObject ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MotionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some subtype of 'Motion' as one of their arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventType . :MotionUpward :en "rising" ; :ldoce "rise" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :MotionDownward ; :wnsense "arise5v", "ascending1n", "ascension2n", "ascension5n", "ascent2n", "ascent3n", "come up6v", "go up1v", "lift4v", "move up1v", "rise1v", "rise2n", "rise4n", "rising1n", "uprise6v" ; :wordnet "arise", "ascending", "ascension", "ascent", "come up", "go up", "lift", "move up", "rise", "rising", "uprise" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MotionUpward' is any Event in which an object that is the focus of the Event goes from one level in a gravitational field to another level that is higher in the field - further away from the center of gravity of the attractive body (usually Earth). In this kind of Event, the starting and ending points determine whether a motion is upward - there may be some subevents in which there is a motion downward, but the overall effect is what determines whether a motion is upward, downward, or neither. SUMO: Motion where an Object is moving away from the ground. Includes verb sense 1 of 'rise' and senses 2 and 4 of noun 'rise' in WordNet: 1. (30) rise, lift, arise, move up, go up, come up, uprise - (move upward; 'The fog lifted'; 'The smoke arose from the forest fire'; 'The mist uprose from the meadows') WN noun 'rise': 2. (3) rise, ascent, ascension, ascending - (the act of changing location in an upward direction) 4. (1) rise, rising, ascent, ascension - (a movement upward; 'they cheered the rise of the hot-air balloon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Upward ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Motionless :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :StayingStill ; :isTheOppositeOf :InMotion ; :ldoce "still" ; :wnsense "motionless1adj", "still1adj" ; :wordnet "motionless", "still" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Motionless' asserts that the Object modified is not in perceptible motion (relative to some implied frame of reference) neither linearly nor rotationally. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 'motionless' and sense 1 of 'still' in WordNet: 1. (8) inactive, motionless, static, still - (not in physical motion; 'the inertia of an object at rest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stationary . :Motivated :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MotivatingAnAgentToAct ; :wnsense "motivated1adj" ; :wordnet "motivated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who is ''Motivated'' can be motivated by almost any kind of Event or other agent. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'motivated' in Wordnet: 1. (3) motivated - (provided with a motive or given incentive for action; 'a highly motivated child can learn almost anything'; 'a group of politically motivated men') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :MotivatingAnAgentToAct :eng "motivating" ; :wnsense "incite1v", "incite2v", "instigate1v", "instigate2v", "motivate1v", "motivation3n", "prompt1v", "prompt2v", "propel2v" ; :wordnet "incite", "instigate", "motivate", "motivation", "prompt", "propel" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MotivatingAnAgentToAct'' is an Event in which some thing - an agent, an Action, a Situation - induces a MentalState or Emotion or Though process in some ''IntentionalAgent'' that causes the Agent(s) to perform some Action. The agent that is motivated by this kind of Event may receive a communication or make an observation that induces the motive. This general notion is also is expressed by the relations: ''convincedAgentToAction'' and ''inducedAgentToAction'' and 'wasMotivatedBy' Those relations will usually be used for actions that are actually performed as a result of a mtivating Event. For the Motive created by this type of Event, the relation ''hadObjectCreated'' points to the motive created by this type of otivating event. see also 'induces' for a more general causative relation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'motivate' and verb sense 2 of 'prompt' and verb sense 2 of 'incite' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'instigate' and noun sense 3 of 'motivation' in WordNet: 1. (6) motivate, actuate, propel, move, prompt, incite - (give an incentive for action; 'This moved me to sacrifice my career') WN verb 'prompt': 2. (2) prompt, inspire, instigate - (serve as the inciting cause of; 'She prompted me to call my relatives') WN verb 'incite: 2. (2) incite, instigate, set off, stir up - (provoke or stir up; 'incite a riot'; 'set off great unrest among the people') WN noun 'motivation': 3. motivation, motivating - (the act of motivating; providing incentive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motive ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ] . :Motivational :pertainsTo :Incentive, :MotivatingAnAgentToAct, :Motive ; :wnsense "motivational1adj" ; :wordnet "motivational" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Motivational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Motive'' or anything similar that provides an ''Incentive'' for a Person to do something. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'motivational' in Wordnet: 1. motivational - (of or relating to motivation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Motive :en "grounds" ; :ldoce "ground", "reason" ; :wnsense "ground2n", "motivation1,n", "motive1n", "reason1n", "why1n" ; :wordnet "ground", "motivation", "motive", "reason", "why" ; a :MentalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Motive can be a single reason for doing something, or a complex group of individual reasons. A Motive is a MentalObject (an Object of thought) that points to a goal state that an agent wants to achieve by her/his own actions. The Motive may be created as a result of a past Event (something as simple as an Urge), but needs to have some future state as the focus. For example, 'revenge' as a Motive would arise as a result of some Action by an agent (agent1) that offends another agent (agent2), causing agent2 to have a Motive to do something that would in turn perturb agent1; the perturbance of agent1 would in this case be the goal state that is pointed to by the Motive. NOTE: that a ''Motive'' need not be ''Rational'' - see subtype ''IrrationalMotive''. NOTE that a 'Goal' in COSMO is the desired state, not the motivation (grounds, reasons) for desiring that state. Verbally expressed, a 'Motive' seems close to a 'Desire'but in COSMO we treat 'Motive' as a MentalObject that is created by some past action, and a 'Desire' can be such an Action. The difference is that a Desire does not necessarily create an intention or a plan to achieve the desired state; a Motive moves one step from a Desire to forming a MentalObject that visualizes the desired goal state as the template from which an Intention or a Plan can be formed. A ''Motive'' is a MentalObject, but is not necessarily created by a logical reasoning process, and is therefore not a ''Justification''. A ''Motive'' is a basis for Belief or Desire, ''Justification'' is a reason only for Action. One sense of 'reason' can also be a subtype of 'Motive' - a rational description of the cause for an action and the goal state intended; but the cause does not have to be rational, it could just be a Feeling - see 'Urge'. WN-N: sense 1 of 'motive', in synset 'motive, motivation, need'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'motive', part of sense 2 of 'ground', part of sense 1 of 'reason', in WordNet: 1. (5) motivation, motive, need - the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior; 'we did not understand his motivation'; 'he acted with the best of motives') WN noun 'reason': 1. (78) reason, ground - (a rational motive for a belief or action; 'the reason that war was declared'; 'the grounds for their declaration') WN noun 'why': 1. why, wherefore - (the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase 'the whys and wherefores') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GoalSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :Motor :guid "bd58cec4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "motor" ; :wnsense "motor1n" ; :wordnet "motor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any MechanicalDevice whose function is to take energy in some form (usually electrical or fuel-derived heat conversion) and convert it into mechanical energy, moving some PhysicalObjects. Automobile 'engine' can be, among other types, either an electrical 'Motor'or a gasoline-powered 'Engine'. NOTE: in SUMO and Cyc this conceopt seems to be represented by 'Engine' but in COSMO 'Engine' is a subtype of Motor. SUMO: Engine is a subclass of Transducer. Engines are devices for converting some form of energy resource into mechanical power. Cyc: #$Engine is a specialization of #$PoweredDevice and #$MechanicalDevice. Each instance of #$Engine is a device that changes some form of energy into motion (usually rotation). An engine may operate by burning some type of fuel (as do jet engines and internal combustion engines), or it may be powered by electricity, fluid flow, etc. Some notable specializations of #$Engine are #$ElectricalMotor, #$ExternalCombustionEngine, and #$RocketEngine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motor' in WordNet: 1. (7) motor - (machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :MechanicalDevice, :PoweredDevice . :MotorOil :guid "bd589f5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; :ldoce "oil" ; :wnsense "oil1n" ; :wordnet "oil" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Motor Oil, as found in the engine of a car. Often referred to simply as 'oil' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil' in WordNet: 1. (11) oil - (a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LubricatingOil . :Motorboat :guid "bd58d72d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "motorboat1n" ; :wordnet "motorboat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Motorboat is the specialization of #$Watercraft-Surface and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$Motorboat is usually powered by motors (including in-board and out-board motors). If a boat is primarily a #$Sailboat, but has a back-up motor to use when becalmed or piloting, that is not enough to make it a #$Motorboat. To be more precise, this collection is the intersection of #$Watercraft-Surface, #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motorboat' in Wordnet: 1. motorboat, powerboat - (a boat propelled by an internal-combustion engine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FuelPoweredDevice, :SelfPoweredDevice, :WaterTransportationVehicle, :Watercraft-Surface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalCombustionEngine ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Motorcycle :guid "bd590474-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bike1n", "motorcycle1n" ; :wordnet "bike", "motorcycle" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Motorcycle is a specialization of #$RoadVehicle and #$WheeledTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$Motorcycle is a two-wheeled motorized personal transport device. Unlike most #$Automobiles, a motorcycle lacks a cab or compartment to protect the driver from wind and weather. NOTE that this is a subtype of 'RoadVehicle'. A 'mountain bike' or a 'dune buggy' are still instances: though they can travel off-road. they can travel even better on a road. This includes the three-wheeled motorized non-enclosed vehicles called 'motorcycle trike' or 'trike': 'Riding a trike is easy once you grasp onto the concept. However, it's totally different from riding a motorcycle. Leaning is not of consequence on a trike...not really... whereas that is how you turn a motorcycle in normal curves...through leaning.\" SUMO: Motorcycle is the subclass of RoadVehicles that have two wheels one behind the other in the frame, upon which the rider sits on a seat above the engine. Corresponds a more general type than noun sense 1 of 'motorcycle' in WordNet, however in COSMO this is not restricted to 2-wheeled motorcyles, as 3-wheel versions are also called 'motorcyle' or 'motorcycle trike' and sometimes 'trike'; in WN 'trike' is restricted to non-motoized velocipedes.: in WordNet: 1. motorcycle, bike - (a motor vehicle with two wheels and a strong frame) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FuelPoweredDevice, :MountableTransporter, :RoadVehicle, :SelfPoweredDevice, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MotorcycleEngine ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :MotorcycleEngine :guid "c10082c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An Engine designed specifically for Motorcycle." ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalCombustionEngine, :ManufacturedGoods, :VehiclePart . :MotorcycleTrike a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A three-wheeled motorized non-enclosed vehicle called 'motorcycle trike' or 'trike': 'Riding a trike is easy once you grasp onto the concept. However, it's totally different from riding a motorcycle. Leaning is not of consequence on a trike...not really... whereas that is how you turn a motorcycle in normal curves...through leaning.\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motorcycle . :Motorcyclist :en "biker" ; :enn "biker" ; :wnsense "motorcyclist1n" ; :wordnet "motorcyclist" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Motorcyclist'' is a ''Rider'' (a Person) who controls and is transported by a ''Motocycle''. The term 'biker' is not in WN, but is in RHW: RHW 'biker': 1. a person who rides a bicycle, motorcycle, or motorbike, esp. in competition or as a hobby. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motorcyclist' in WordNet: 1. motorcyclist - (a traveler who rides a motorcycle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rider, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingaMotorcycle ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingaMotorcycle ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motorcycle ; owl:onProperty :controlsManually ] . :Motormouth :wnsense "motormouth1n" ; :wordnet "motormouth" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Motormouth'' is an adult ''Chatterbox'', talking to other adults.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motormouth' in WordNet: 1. motormouth - (someone who talks incessantly; 'I wish that motormouth would shut up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chatterbox, :HumanAdult . :Mound :wnsense "cumulation1n", "cumulus2n", "hill2n", "mound3n", "mound4n" ; :wordnet "cumulation", "cumulus", "hill", "mound" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Mound' is a Pile of SolidObjects that are not individualy large (large rocks at most), making a GranularSubstance that has been arranged in a Pile by some IntelligentAgent, *and* is located outdoors.. The kind of ''Pile'' made by the force of moving water or wind is represented as the sister type ''Drift' and its subtypes (''SandDune'', ''Snowdrift'' A Mound can be of rocks of varying size, or of more granular material such as a Mound of ''Soil''. This includes a Ptcher's mound, a burialmound,or any kind of ''Cairn'' made of rocks. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'mound' in WordNet: 3. (1) pile, heap, mound, agglomerate, cumulation, cumulus - (a collection of objects laid on top of each other) 4. mound, hill - (structure consisting of an artificial heap or bank usually of earth or stones; 'they built small mounds to hide behind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrangement, :Artifact-NonAgentive, :OutdoorObject, :Pile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :MountEverestPeak :hasAltitude :Alt_29029Feet ; :inContext :Asia, :EarthsSurface, :Nepal ; a :HighestPoint, :HighestThingInaContext, :UniqueThingInaContext . :MountableTransporter :guid "c0ecbf4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$MountableTransporter is a transporter that one 'rides' or 'rides on' but does not 'ride in'. This collection was originally created to enable the following sorts of natural language interpretations. Anyone who is said to 'ride' such an object is most likely to be the #$driverActor. If someone 'rides' a non #$MountableTransporter (e.g. a train) is most likely not a #$driverActor but a #$passengers. Positive exemplars include horses, jet skis, motorcycles, bicycles. Negative exemplars include cars, trains, planes. A borderline positive example is a skateboard. When one 'rides' a skateboard one is most likely the #$driverActor, but, unlike typical #$MountableTransporters, one is also most likely not sitting.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingConveyance . :Mountain :en "a mountain with a pointed summit" ; :guid "bd58ce0d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mountain" ; :wnsense "mount3n", "mountain1n" ; :wordnet "mount", "mountain" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Mountain is generally larger than a hill, but usage varies, so there is no subtype relation between them, and some overlap in usage. Cyc: A specialization of #$LandTopographicalFeature. Each instance of #$Mountain is a topographical feature of significantly higher elevation than its surrounding area. Mountains may occur individually or as part of a chain (see #$MountainRange). Instances of #$Mountain include #$MountEverest, #$MountLogan, and #$Kebnekaise-Sweden. NOTE 'peak' is included in RHW as a type of 'mountain' (with a pointed top) but is not in WN in that sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountain' in WordNet: 1. (17) mountain, mount - (a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HillOrMountain . :MountainClimber :wnsense "mountain climber1n", "mountaineer1n" ; :wordnet "mountain climber", "mountaineer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MountainClimber'' is an ''Adventurer'' who climbs mountains (or scales high walls) for the thrill or challenge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountain climber' in WordNet: 1. mountaineer, mountain climber - (someone who climbs mountains) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adventurer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MountainClimbing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :MountainClimbing :wnsense "mountain climbing1n", "mountaineer1v", "mountaineering1n" ; :wordnet "mountain climbing", "mountaineer", "mountaineering" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MountainClimber'' is an ''Adventurer'' who climbs mountains (or scales high walls) for the thrill or challenge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountain climbing' in WordNet: 1. mountain climbing, mountaineering - (the activity of climbing a mountain) WN verb 'mountaineer': 1. mountaineer - (climb mountains for pleasure as a sport) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Climbing-Recreational, :DaringToDoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MountainClimber ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MountainLion :wnsense "cougar1n", "mountain lion1n", "panther3n", "puma1n" ; :wordnet "cougar", "mountain lion", "panther", "puma" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'cougar' of North America . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountain lion' in Wordnet: 1. cougar, puma, catamount, mountain lion, painter, panther, Felis concolor - (large American feline resembling a lion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BigCat . :MountainRange :guid "bd58e52f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chain of mountains1n", "chain8n", "mountain chain1n", "mountain range1n", "range of mountains1n", "range4n" ; :wordnet "chain", "chain of mountains", "mountain chain", "mountain range", "range", "range of mountains" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$LandTopographicalFeature. Each instance of #$MountainRange is a natural group of mountains. Instances of #$MountainRange include the #$RockyMountains, #$Andes-Mountains, and #$Alps-Mountains. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mountain range' in WordNet: 1. range, mountain range, range of mountains, chain, mountain chain, chain of mountains - (a series of hills or mountains; 'the valley was between two ranges of hills'; 'the plains lay just beyond the mountain range') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MajorTerrainFeature, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mountain ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ] . :Mountainous :guid "1e9ebc5c-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :GeographicalRegion ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart :MountainRange ; :wnsense "mountainous3adj" ; :wordnet "mountainous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'mountainous' in Wordnet: 3. (1) mountainous - (containing many mountains) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MountedPoliceman :en "mounted policeman", "mounted trooper" ; :enn "mounted policeman", "mounted trooper" ; :wnsense "trooper2n" ; :wordnet "trooper" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MountedPoliceman''is a ''PoliceOfficer-Municipal'' who patrols on horseback i.e. is a ''HorsebackRider'' when working. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trooper' in WordNet: 2. (1) trooper - (a mounted policeman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HorsebackRider, :PoliceOfficer-Municipal . :Mounting :wnsense "mounting2n" ; :wordnet "mounting" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mounting'' is a ''Framework'' (a support that can hold something in place without depending on gravity) that is used for displaying things. This is something used to hold a SmallObject so that it can be moved from place to place and displayed, as in museums. The subtype 'Setting'' is a ''Mounting'' that is used to hold a gemstone for wearing on the person. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mounting' in WordNet: 2. mounting - (framework used for support or display) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Framework, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmallObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :MountingAnObjectToaSupport :ldoce "connect" ; :wnsense "mount1v" ; :wordnet "mount" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MountingAnObjectToaSupport'' is an ''Attaching'' of a SolidObject to a ''SupportingObject. This produces a ''Connection-Physical'' that Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mount' in WordNet: 1. (10) mount - (attach to a support; \"They mounted the aerator on a floating\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :Attaching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingObject ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :MountingSomething :wnsense "climb1v", "mount6v" ; :wordnet "climb", "mount" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MountingSomething'' is the subtype of ''Climbing'' where the end result of the Climbing is that the cimber is on top of and supported by the thing climbed. This can be used for horses or stepstools. One does not usually go all the way to the top of a ladder, so this type is narrower than the broader meaning of WN 'climb3v' resulting State: *climber isOnTopOf something Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'mount' in WordNet: 6. (3) climb, climb up, mount, go up - (go upward with gradual or continuous progress; 'Did you ever climb up the hill behind your house?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation, :Climbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ladder ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :Mouse :guid "bd58ef9e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mouse" ; :wnsense "mouse1n" ; :wordnet "mouse" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mouse' in WordNet: 1. (14) mouse - (any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointed snouts and small ears on elongated bodies with slender usually hairless tails) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent, :Vermin . :MouseTrap :guid "bd58adb3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mousetrap1n" ; :wordnet "mousetrap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MouseTrap'' is a ''TrapDevice'' designed to trap a ''Mouse''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mousetrap' in WordNet: 1. mousetrap - (a trap for catching mice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, :TrapDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrappingMice ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Mousse :wnsense "mousse1n" ; :wordnet "mousse" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sweet dessert made with ''WhippedCream'', gelatin, and flavoring. This is one serving (any size) - an Object, not the substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mousse' in WordNet: 1. mousse - (a rich, frothy, creamy dessert made with whipped egg whites and heavy cream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodConcoction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeavyCream ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggWhite ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :MousseDish :guid "e1f277d0-270c-11d6-8000-0050dab92c2f" ; :wnsense "mousse1n" ; :wordnet "mousse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sweet dessert made with ''WhippedCream'', gelatin, and flavoring, and (?optional) EgWhite. This is one serving (any size) - an Object, not the substance. NOTE: 'salmon mousse' is a different, not yet represented type. NOTE: Is EggWhite necessary? RHW 'mousse': 1. Cookery. a. a sweetened dessert with whipped cream as a base, often stabilized with gelatin and chilled in a mold: chocolate mousse. b. an aspic, unsweetened and containing meat, vegetables, or fish: salmon mousse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mousse' in WordNet: 1. mousse - (a rich, frothy, creamy dessert made with whipped egg whites and heavy cream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DessertFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mousse ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Moustache :guid "bd588339-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Person ; :wnsense "moustache1n", "mustache1n" ; :wordnet "moustache", "mustache" ; a :FacialHairType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hair just above a man's upper lip and under the nose, but it may extend at the edges, as in a 'Fu Manchu' moustache. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moustache' in Wordnet: 1. mustache, moustache - (an unshaved growth of hair on the upper lip; 'he looked younger after he shaved off his mustache') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialHair, :MobOfHair-Mammal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UpperLip ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Mouth :guid "bd589d87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Head ; :ldoce "mouth" ; :wnsense "mouth1n", "mouth2n", "oral cavity1n", "oral fissure1n", "rima oris1n" ; :wordnet "mouth", "oral cavity", "oral fissure", "rima oris" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all animal mouths. A mouth is a container #$AnimalBodyPart of an #$Animal. It has an opening (a #$Portal) to the region outside the organism. Through that opening, the animal ingests tangible substances from the environment, such as food, water, air, etc. Additional activities, such as #$Chewing, may occur in the #$Mouth, and it may participate in other activities such as talking, kissing, etc. SUMO: Part of the Face, used for Ingesting Food and Vocalizing. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'mouth' in WordNet: 1. (49) mouth, oral cavity, oral fissure, rima oris - (the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; 'he stuffed his mouth with candy') 2. (12) mouth - (the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; 'she wiped lipstick from her mouth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Mouthful :wnsense "mouthful1n" ; :wordnet "mouthful" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mouthful'' is a ''SmallAmount'' (of Food) that can be conveniently contained in the mouth to be eaten or drunk as one edible portion. This concept is also represented as ''Mouthful'', an instance of ''ContainerFull'', which is a UnitOfMeasure. This type allows subtypes and more expressive descriptions. For solid foods, the subtype 'OneBite' might be more appropriate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mouthful' in WordNet: 1. (1) mouthful - (the quantity that can be held in the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApproximateQuantity, :ContainerFull, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :isaMeasureOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :isTheQuantityThatWillFillA ] . :Mouthwash :guid "bd589d46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Disinfectant ; :wnsense "gargle1n", "mouthwash1n" ; :wordnet "gargle", "mouthwash" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The liquid stuff used for cleaning and disinfecting the mouth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mouthwash' in WordNet: 1. gargle, mouthwash - (a medicated solution used for gargling and rinsing the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :ToiletrySubstance . :MoveableHoliday :en "movable holiday", "moveable holiday" ; :wnsense "movable feast1n", "moveable feast1n" ; :wordnet "movable feast", "moveable feast" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMOnote: In SUMO, Holiday is a time interval, in Cyc an Event. This type is the SUMO time interval. A MovableHoliday is the subtype of ''HolidayTime''s that are observed as holidays by a particular name and identity, but do not fall on the same date every year. An example is Thanksgiving Day in the USA, which falls on the last 'Thursday' of each November. MoveableHoliday is the class of Holidays whose observance is not fixed to recurrences of any particular calendar day. For example, Memorial Day is observed on the last Monday of May. Another Example: RHW: Rosh Hashanah a Jewish high holy day that marks the beginning of the Jewish New Year, celebrated on the first and second days of Tishri by Orthodox and Conservative Jews and only on the first day by Reform Jews. The WN synset for 'moveable feast' comes closest to this, but this type includes holidays that are not religious. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moveable feast' in WordNet: 1. movable feast, moveable feast - (a religious holiday that falls on different dates in different years) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HolidayTime, :RecurringTimeInterval . :Movement-Periodic :guid "bd658729-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MovementEvent. Each instance of #$Movement-Periodic is a movement event in which the moving object (see the predicate #$objectMoving) returns repeatedly to a certain location or orientation at more or less regular time intervals. Examples of #$Movement-Periodic include the motion of a seesaw one afternoon, the dribbling of a basketball in place by Magic Johnson, and the motion of a slinky going down a staircase as it periodically changes its orientation through a fixed, repetive series of orientations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion . :Movement-TranslationEvent :guid "bd588e70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Translocation. Each instance of #$Movement-TranslationEvent is an event in which an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting) moves some distance (so that at some point in the event, the object's center of mass changes location with respect to the relevant frame of reference). The moving object need not move completely out of its original spatial extent; for example, a building moving one foot to the left undergoes a #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Instances of #$Movement-TranslationEvent include events in which the movement ends in the same place it started from (e.g. one lap of a race car around the Indianapolis race track, or a trip to the grocery store and back). In such cases (all of which are instances of the specialization #$Translation-NoLocationChange), the to and from locations of the movement (see the predicates #$toLocation and #$fromLocation) are identical. In other cases of #$Movement-TranslationEvent (e.g. the movement of the baseball during a home run hit by Roger Maris), the to and from locations are different; in these cases, the movement events are also instances of #$Translation-LocationChange (q.v.). @ToDo the relation of this Event to 'DistanceTravelled' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translocation . :Movement-TranslationProcess :guid "bd588e2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is formally an Event, not a FunctionalProcess, but it represents 'process' of *being in motion* in some manner. Cyc:#$Movement-TranslationProcess is the subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvents whose instances can be pragmatically considered to be continuous processes. In any instance of #$Movement-TranslationProcess, all time-slices of that process are also themselves instances of #$Movement-TranslationProcess. Note that walking is a type of #$Movement-TranslationProcess, even though it involves some nonzero accelerations and jerks. A non-example would be a plot of the various residences you've lived in (''moved to'') over the course of your lifetime; another non-example would be Captain Kirk beaming up to the Enterprise; another would be the ''tunneling'' of an electron in a tunnel diode. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent, :MovementProcess . :MovementOrShapeChangeEvent :guid "be32a8af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of Event specific to Cyc: Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent whose instances include translational or rotational movements of whole objects (see #$MovementEvent), objects changing shape (see #$ShapeChangeEvent), as well as events in which salient parts of an object move or change shape in relation to the reference frame of the whole object. For example, although a ticking grandfather clock is not normally undergoing either a #$MovementEvent or a #$ShapeChangeEvent, it can still be said to be moving - and thus undergoing a #$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent - in virtue of the fact that a salient part of the clock, the pendulum, is swinging. (Of course, the pendulum itself is periodically undergoing #$Movement-Rotation, and the tip of the pendulum is undergoing a #$Movement-TranslationEvent.) As a negative example, a catatonic person should not be thought of as undergoing any #$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent. Although blood moves through such a person's veins, her lungs expand and contract, and so on, these things would not normally be considered salient enough to entail that the person herself was undergoing a movement or shape change event.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :MovementProcess :guid "bd5890cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Note that in Cyc a 'Process' is a type of Event in which temporal parts of the Event are of similar type to the whole Event. In COSMO, a 'Process' has a different nature - but because of the potential for confusion, the base COSMO process is called 'FunctionalProcess'. The present category represents moving events, not a FunctionalProcess. Name change needed? This distinction among events as continuous or composite is not maintained in COSMO, but in the case of Motion may have special utility and is therefore used here in COSMO version 0.3. Cyc: A specialization of #$MovementEvent ('Motion' in COSMO) and an instance of #$TemporalStuffType. Each instance MOTION of #$MovementProcess is a movement event that can be considered as a continuous motion. That is, (i) motion happens without interruption throughout MOTION and thus (ii) every time-slice of MOTION is itself a #$MovementProcess.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion . :MovementThroughAir :en "motion through air" ; :enn "motion through air" ; :guid "399d1524-0643-41d7-8ee6-faabe1d19493" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Movement-TranslationEvent that follow a complete trajectory through the air. [See #$TrajectoryThroughAir, #$trajectory-Complete.] """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationProcess . :Mover :guid "bd588d34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mover1n" ; :wordnet "mover" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC The collection of people who work for a moving company as the heavy laborers, the people who actually do the moving of objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mover' in WordNet: 1. (3) mover - (workman employed by a moving company; 'the movers were very careful with the grand piano') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :Workman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingHouseholdStuff ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Movie :guid "bfdef762-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "film" ; :wnsense "film1n", "flick2n", "motion picture1n", "movie1n", "moving picture1n", "pic1n", "picture6n" ; :wordnet "film", "flick", "motion picture", "movie", "moving picture", "pic", "picture" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The propositional content of Any motion picture, fictional or factual.. This is not the physical object: not a strip of film, not a DVD, etc., but the abstract content. This is broader than the commercial 'Movie' and can include any abstract video clip, in a digital camera, cell phone, youTube clip, or video file, etc. See also 'AbstractVideo' for an abstract representation of video images (with or without sound). Every 'Movie' has at least one 'MovieClip', a series of AbstractImages representing something over some interval of time. In Cyc called 'Movie-CW' A specialization of #$VideoConceptualWork. Each instance of #$Movie-CW is an abstract work whose performances are instances of #$MovieShowing. Notable instances are #$CitizenKane-TheMovie and #$StarWars-TheMovie. Corresponds to only part of noun sense of 'movie' in WordNet, the ConceptualWork. For the Event of a Movie 'show' playing on some screen use 'MovieShowing' (or more specifically at a theater, use 'MovieShowingAtaTheater'): in WordNet: 1. (27) movie, film, picture, moving picture, moving-picture show, motion picture, motion-picture show, picture show, pic, flick - (a form of entertainment that enacts a story by a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement; 'they went to a movie every Saturday night'; 'the film was shot on location') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork, :FictionalContext, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Story ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovieClip ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :MovieClip :en "movie clip" ; :enn "movie clip" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SeriesOfImages' that is ordered so as to represent motion (or stillness) of objects, which can be a whole 'Movie' or a portion of a Movie. The images in this case must be ordered so as to represent a time series of images of some object or location. The time interval between the scenes represented in successive images and the rate at which the rerpesented time progresses can be any values chosen by its creator (sped up, slowed down, real time, or imaginary time). A typical 'Movie' will have more than one such MovieClip segmented together to present a story. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeriesOfImages, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractImage ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MovieCredits :wnsense "credits1n" ; :wordnet "credits" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MovieCredits'' is a ''Recognition'' of the GroupOfPeople that participated in the creation of a ''Movie'', represented as a ''List'' that is typically displayed at the end of the ''Movie''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'credits' in WordNet: 1. credits - (a list of acknowledgements of those who contributed to the creation of a film (usually run at the end of the film)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recognition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Movie ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :List ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :MovieDirector :guid "bd58eab3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "director4n", "film director1n" ; :wordnet "director", "film director" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who has directed at least one 'Movie' Called 'Director-Movie' in Cyc: Cyc: An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$Director-Movie is a person responsible for the development of the production of a film. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'director' in WordNet: 4. film director, director - (the person who directs the making of a film) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist, :EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional, :Leader, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DirectingMovies ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProductionCrew ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :MovieFilm :wnsense "celluloid2n", "film2n" ; :wordnet "celluloid", "film" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MovieFilm'' is an ''ExposedFilmSheet'' in the form of a ''Tape'' containing a series of ''Photograph'' produced by ''FilmingaMovie''. This (arbitrarily) requires at least 5 images to form a 'movie'. NOTE: there is no unambiguous Wordnet synset representing the physical strip of film containing a ''movie'. This takes part of the 'celluloid' definition. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'celluloid' in WordNet: 2. film, cinema, celluloid - (a medium that disseminates moving pictures; 'theater pieces transferred to celluloid'; 'this story would be good cinema'; 'film coverage of sporting events') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposedFilmSheet, :HumanAccessibleIBO, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :Tape, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Movie ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Event ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhotographicFilm ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Photograph ; owl:minCardinality "5" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FilmingaMovie ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FilmingaMovie ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :MoviePerformance a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MoviePerformance' is a 'DramaticPerformance' that is The ''Action'' in which live actors execute the lines and actions in a ''Screenplay'', while their actions are recorded on some recording medium (analog, digital or other). The actual recording is a PhysicalObject. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaticPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Movie ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Screenplay ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :MoviePreview :wnsense "preview1n", "prevue1n", "trailer1n" ; :wordnet "preview", "prevue", "trailer" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MoviePreview'' is an ''AbstractVideo'' that is an 'Advertisement' for a ''Movie' containing short segments of the Movie (''MovieClip''s) being advertised, along with other information about the Movie. This may be played for presentation on Television or in a 'coming attractions' presentation in a movie theater, usually before the 'main attraction' movie. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preview' in WordNet: 1. preview, prevue, trailer - (an advertisement consisting of short scenes from a motion picture that will appear in the near future) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractVideo, :Advertisement, :Publicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MovieClip ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BroadcastAdvertisement ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovieClip ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :MovieProducer :wnsense "film maker1n", "film producer1n", "filmmaker1n", "movie maker1n" ; :wordnet "film maker", "film producer", "filmmaker", "movie maker" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovieProducer'' is a professional ''ShowProducer'' who organizes and finds financing for a ''Movie'' of any kind - short, long, commercial or documentary. This includes 'producers' who work in an organization where the source of financing is actually arranged by someone else, but who organize the production. This does not include individuals who create a movie or digital video with no need for financing - so not everyone who creates a ''Movie'' is a ''MovieProducer''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'film producer' in WordNet: 1. film maker, filmmaker, film producer, movie maker - (a producer of motion pictures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShowProducer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProducingaShow ] . :MovieProductionCrew :wnsense "crew2n" ; :wordnet "crew" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovieProductionCrew'' is a ''ProductionCrew'' that includes all the people involved in making some ''Movie''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProductionCrew, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StageOrSet ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Movie ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :MovieRecord a :ObjectType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MovieRecord' is the abstract symbolic content of a 'Movie' (motion picture), which has been recorded or represented in any physical medium. The Event that is recorded is a 'MoviePerformance'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerformanceRecord . :MovieShowing :guid "bd58d51f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "film" ; :wnsense "film1n", "motion-picture show1n", "movie1n", "moving-picture show1n", "picture show1n" ; :wordnet "film", "motion-picture show", "movie", "moving-picture show", "picture show" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MovieShowing' is a ''ActionShowing'' in which a Movie (or part of a Movie or any other *pre-recorded* scenes of some Event) is played out, on a screen, TV, or any other means for displaying the sequence of actions depicted in a Movie. For shows of live events use parent 'ActionShowing''. CYC: The collection of all #$InformationBearingWavePropagations which are sequences of images and (usually) sounds produced when a recorded instantiation of a #$Movie-CW is played for an audience with a #$MediaPlayingDevice such as a #$MovieProjector or a #$DVDPlayer. Corresponds to only part of noun sense of 'movie' in WordNet, the Event of a Movie being shown. For the abstract ConceptualWork, use 'Movie': in WordNet: 1. (27) movie, film, picture, moving picture, moving-picture show, motion picture, motion-picture show, picture show, pic, flick - (a form of entertainment that enacts a story by a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement; 'they went to a movie every Saturday night'; 'the film was shot on location') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingWavePropagation . :MovieShowingAtATheater :guid "bd58b5ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "film" ; :wnsense "film1n", "movie1n" ; :wordnet "film", "movie" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MovieShowing that is projected on a screen at a Theater. This requires a projector and a passive screen, so a Movie playing on a large LCD or other display in a home theater or on a large signboard such as at a stadium are not instances of this Event type. CYC: See mts for different perspectives of this event.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentEvent, :IBTGeneration, :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, :MovieShowing, :RecreationalActivity . :MovieSoundTrack :wnsense "soundtrack1n" ; :wordnet "soundtrack" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''SoundTrack'' is the abstract ''SoundRecording'' that is recorded while filming a ''Movie'' or is added subsequently, as in ''Dubbing'' a movie with a language differing from that originally recorded in making that Movie. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soundtrack' in WordNet: 1. (2) soundtrack - (sound recording on a narrow strip of a motion picture film) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SoundTrack, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Movie ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoundRecording ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :MovieStar :guid "c0f479d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "star" ; :wnsense "movie star1n", "star2n" ; :wordnet "movie star", "star" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A successful movie actor or actress. They are usually famous and rich. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'movie star' in WordNet: 1. (2) film star, movie star - (a star who plays leading roles in the cinema) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActorInMovies, :StarEntertainer . :MovieTheaterSpace :guid "bd58b0a9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cinema" ; :wnsense "cinema2n", "movie house1n", "movie theater1n", "movie theatre1n", "picture palace1n" ; :wordnet "cinema", "movie house", "movie theater", "movie theatre", "picture palace" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The space known as a movie theatre or a cinema. Not the organization. This can be part of a building, and is a PhysicalObject, not a Region of space. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cinema' in WordNet: 2. cinema, movie theater, movie theatre, movie house, picture palace - (a theater where films are shown) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, :PlaceOfBusiness . :MovingApart a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MovingApart'' is a Motion performed by two or more PhysicalObjects that causes the distance between them to increase. , """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent, :SeparationEvent, :Translation-SingleTrajectory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distance ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConvexHullVolume ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VolumeIncrease ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObjectGroup ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MovingAwayFromSomething :wnsense "receding2n" ; :wordnet "receding" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In each 'MovingAwayFromSomething' Event, one Entity (usually an Object) moves in a translational Motion in a direction *away* from some Object or Location - i.e. the distance between the two entities involved increases. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'receding' in WordNet: 2. receding, recession - (the act of becoming more distant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translation-LocationChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionAwayFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :MovingBetweenThings :en "moving from one place to another" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MovingBetweenThings'' is a ''Translation-SingleTrajectory'' in which the 'things' moved between are two identifiable distinct physicalObjects or two ''PhysicalSpaceRegion''s, whereas in the parent type a moton can be described without secifying any change in the type of thing throught which the motion occurs The startig and ending place can be specified, but the thing passed though (perhaps just a nominal dividing line) can be omitted, or can be specified by the relation ''hasThingPassedThrough''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translation-SingleTrajectory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSpaceRegion :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSpaceRegion :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :MovingByLifting :wnsense "lift2v" ; :wordnet "lift" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: this is a 'lifting' that uses the Hand''(s) and results in moving an object from one location and putting it down in another. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'lift' in WordNet: 2. (10) lift - (take hold of something and move it to a different location; 'lift the box onto the table') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grasping ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaisingByHand ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PortableObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :MovingFluidObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovingFluidObject'' is a ''MovingObject'' that is a ''FluidObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidObject, :MovingObject . :MovingHouseholdStuff :en "moving belongings", "moving furniture", "transporting furniture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MovingHouseholdStuff'' is a ''Shipping'' Event in which the thing transported is typically household ''Belongings'' like furniture and decorative items and memorabilia. All or part of the transportation is performed using a''Truck''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shipping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belongings ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Truck ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mover ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MovingInSpace a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovingInSpace'' is an Event in which some object - a spacecraft or astronomical object, moves through outer space.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForwardMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterSpace ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :MovingInaLoop :wnsense "circulate4v" ; :wordnet "circulate" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MovingInaLoop'' is a ''Translation-Periodic'' in which some FluidObject moves around conduit in a loop-like path and returns to the original point, in some cases having had some attributes changed during the circuit, with or without returning to their original values.. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'circulate' in WordNet: 4. (1) circulate - (move through a space, circuit or system, returning to the starting point; 'Blood circulates in my veins'; 'The air here does not circulate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translation-Periodic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FluidObject :FluidType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidConduit ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoopedPathway ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :LocationType ] . :MovingLinearly :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Movement-TranslationEvent ; :wnsense "moving1adj" ; :wordnet "moving" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MotionAttribute' that specifies that the object is undergoing a translation process (with or without a Rotating process) that results in a 'Movement-TranslationEvent' event, i.e. it is undergoing a linear motion that results in a change in the location of the center of gravity. Rotating motion is represented separately as 'Rotating'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'moving' in WordNet; it is unclear if the WordNet sense includes rotation, but this type requires some translation, with or without rotation. in WordNet: 1. (9) moving - (in motion; 'a constantly moving crowd'; 'the moving parts of the machine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionAttribute . :MovingLiquidObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovingLiquidObject'' is a ''MovingFluidObject'' that is a ''LiquidObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidObject, :MovingFluidObject . :MovingObject :en "moving object", "object in motion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is moving in some way. This includes photons (which have mass though not rest mass) as in a 'Rebounding'' Event that is ..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovingThing, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent ] . :MovingOnOrUnderWater a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovingOnOrUnderWater'' is a convenience type that is a unkion of ''MovingUnderWater'' and ''MovingOnTheWaterSurface''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForwardMotion . :MovingOnTheWaterSurface :en "moving on the surface of water" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovingOnTheWaterSurface'' is an Event in which some object - fish, boat, person, torpedo, moves **on** the surface of a BodyOfWater. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovingOnOrUnderWater, :TranslationAlongASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSurface ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :MovingSlowly :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Movement-TranslationEvent ; :wnsense "sluggish1adj", "sulky2adj" ; :wordnet "sluggish", "sulky" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MovingSlowly'' is subattribute of ''MovingLinearly'' that characterizes objects including animals and streams that are moving morelslowly than the typical thing of its type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sluggish' in Wordnet: 1. (2) sluggish, sulky - (with little movement; very slow; 'a sluggish stream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionAttribute . :MovingThing :en "body in motion", "moving thing", "thing in motion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MovingThing'' is anything that is in the process of changing location, notably ''MovingObject''s (physical objects in motion) or 'waves' (see ''WavePropagationevent''). Other things are not excluded. ..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirectionMeasure ] . :MovingThroughTheAir a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovingThroughTheAir'' is an Event in which some object - plane, helicopter, bird, dirigible, moves through the air - not necessarily outdoors.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForwardMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :MovingToaPlace :wnsense "people2v", "populate1v" ; :wordnet "people", "populate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''MovingToaPlace'' is the final stage of ''ChangeOfResidence'' in which the Person changing residence arrives at the location of the new residence, and starts ''Residing'' there. This represents one sense of 'populate' which is the action taken by people to move to a place and reside there. A second sense, representing the action of some authority who creates a policy to encourage people to move to and reside in some place, is represented by ''PopulatingaPlace''. This Action usually increases the population density of the new place of residence, but if this action merely displaces or replaces existing residents, the population density may not increase. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'populate' in WordNet: 1. (7) people, populate - (furnish with people; 'The plains are sparsely populated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArrivingAtAPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChangeOfResidence ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residing ; owl:onProperty :starts ] . :MovingTowardSomething :wnsense "approach1v", "approach2n" ; :wordnet "approach" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In each 'MovingTowardSomething' Event, one Entity (usually an Object) moves in a translational Motion in the direction of some Object or Location. The moving Object is often a agent, but can be any Object that is moving in a specific direction. The direction of motion in this type is defined by some Object or Place that the moving object is getting closer to. When a moving Object is getting near to another Object or Place, that would be an instance of the subtype 'Approaching'. The location or object or Place toward which the Motion is directed must be specified as the value of the relation 'isInTheDirectionOf'. Includes noun sense 2 and verb sense 1 of 'approach' in WordNet: 2. (9) approach, approaching, coming - (the act of drawing spatially closer to something; 'the hunter's approach scattered the geese') WN verb 'approach': 1. (46) approach, near, come on, go up, draw near, draw close, come near - (move towards; 'We were approaching our destination'; 'They are drawing near'; 'The enemy army came nearer and nearer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translation-Complete, :Translation-LocationChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :MovingTrain :en "moving train" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovingTrain'' is a ''Train-TransportationDevice'' that is travelling on a ''Railway'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovingObject, :Train-TransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Railway ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cargo ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :MovingTransportationDevice a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of 'TransportationDevice-Vehicle' in motion (not parked). This type is created to enable the definition of 'Traffic'. NOTE that a 'TransportationDevice-Vehicle' that is stuck in traffic is still considered as a 'MovingTransportationDevice' because it is not parked, and will go when the traffic permits. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationDevice-Vehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingLinearly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MovingTransportationDevices a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of 'MovingTransportationDevice's. This type is created to enable the definition of 'Traffic'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MovingTransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MovingUnderWater a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovingUnderWater'' is an Event in which some object - fish, boat, person, torpedo, moves under the surface of a BodyOfWater.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovingOnOrUnderWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnderWater ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :MovingWater :en "moving water" ; :enn "moving water" ; a :AgentType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MovingWater''is a ''WaterObject'' that is moving noticeably (a ''MovingLiquidObject'') relative to some SolidObject. This can be for large or small amounts of MovingWater, from Water flowing in a hosehold pripe to large sea waves. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :MovingLiquidObject, :WaterObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InMotion ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :movesRelativeTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObjectType ] . :MovingWithTheHand :en "moving by hand", "moving with the hands" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MovingWithTheHand' is a 'HoldingWithHand' in which the hand(s) hold and move some Object in some way; the type of moton can be of any kind, translational, rotational, or moving some part of an Object, such as a ''ControlLever'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrippingWithHands, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Mowing :en "mowing" ; :wnsense "cut down5n", "mow1v" ; :wordnet "cut down", "mow" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mowing'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' that cuts a grass-like plant, with a specialized device like a scythe or lawnmower. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mow' in WordNet: 1. (1) mow, cut down - (cut with a blade or mower; 'mow the grass') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Mozambique :wnsense "Mozambique1n" ; :wordnet "Mozambique" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mozambique' in WordNet: 1. Mozambique, Republic of Mozambique, Mocambique - (a republic on the southeastern coast of Africa on the Mozambique Channel; became independent from Portugal in 1975) """ . :Mozart :en "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" ; :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isTheAuthorOf :EineKleineNachtMusik ; :wnsense "Mozart1n" ; :wordnet "Mozart" ; a :Composer ; rdfs:comment """Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the famous 18th-century composer. A mass of 10,000 grams is a guess at the weight of his corpse, buried in a mass grave. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mozart' in WordNet: 1. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - (prolific Austrian composer and child prodigy; master of the classical style in all its forms of his time (1756-1791)) """ . :en "Mr", "Mr." ; a :FormOfAddress . :en "Mrs", "Mrs." ; a :FormOfAddress . :en "Ms", "Ms." ; a :FormOfAddress . :Much :ldoce "much" ; :wnsense "much1adv" ; :wordnet "much" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Much' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues (linguistically in the comparative form) to create new QualitativeAttributeValues that are at a very high level in intensity of the intensity scale of that QualitativeAttributeValue. In English linguistic expressions, it usually precedes an adjective in the comparative form: 'much larger'; 'much taller'. This sense is technically less intensive than 'VeryMuch', but there is considerable overlap in meaning. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'much' in WordNet: 1. (95) much - (to a great degree or extent; 'she's much better now') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :MuchLess a :ComparativeMagnitude ; rdfs:comment """See 'MuchMore' and 'Less' for the interpretation of 'ComparativeMagnitude' instances.""" . :MuchMore a :ComparativeMagnitude ; rdfs:comment """'MuchMore' is used in an instance of 'AttributeComparison' to assert that the attribute being compared for the first ('subject') of two entities being compared is of substantially greater magnitude than the commensurate magnitude of the second ('object') entity; this i s vague, but suggests that if the attribute of comparison is quantitative, the value for the subject will be at least twice as much as for the object. This is equivalent to using a comparative attribute to compare two entities (longer, shorter higher, hotter, colder, redder, newer, older, stranger, greener, heavier, darker), the interpretation depends on the attribute value specified by the relation 'hasAttributeOfComparison'. For attributes such as 'hot' the actual temperature difference may be difficult to estimate from such a vague assertion, and will depend on the circumstances if one is speaking of how hot an object is to the touch, a little as twenty degrees C could qualify as being 'much hotter'; for air temperature, perhaps ten degrees C would rate such a comparative; for a refinery furnace, the temperature difference rating such a characterization would likely be more than 100 degrees C.""" . :Mucilage :wnsense "mucilage1n", "mucilage2n" ; :wordnet "mucilage" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of 'Gum' that is used for ''Bonding''. he term 'mucilage' may be used for glue made from animalmaterial, but here it is more specifically a plant-derived ''Gum''. See 'glue'' for themore general term. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'mucilage' in WordNet: 1. mucilage - (a gelatinous substance secreted by plants) 2. glue, gum, mucilage - (cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adhesive, :Gum, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bonding ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Mucus :guid "bd58c7ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mucous secretion1n", "mucus1n" ; :wordnet "mucous secretion", "mucus" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of oozy, slimy secretion found in many different places in and on one's body, including in your nose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mucus' in WordNet: 1. (2) mucus, mucous secretion - (protective secretion of the mucous membranes; in the gut it lubricates the passage of food and protects the epithelial cells; in the nose and throat and lungs it can make it difficult for bacteria to penetrate the body through the epithelium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySubstance, :Secretion-Bodily, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :Mud :guid "be00b612-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mud" ; :wnsense "mud1n" ; :wordnet "mud" ; a :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SemiSolidSubstance in which the solid component is Soil (dirt) and the liquid component is water. Its salient characteristic outside of agriculture and transportation on dirt roads is that it soils clothing, shoes, and anything that are placed in it or that mud-soaked shoes come in contact with. In a domestic setting it is associated with soiled things that need cleaning. Mud is usually found in the Ground, but asa a Substance it cannot have a location (@ToDO - how to express where substances are found?). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mud' in WordNet: 1. (23) mud, clay - (water soaked soil; soft wet earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandStuff, :Mixture, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] ; owl:disjointWith :Gas, :LiquidSubstance . :Muddied :wnsense "muddy2adj" ; :wordnet "muddy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having mud clnging to it, as a shoe worn while waking through mud. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'muddy' in WordNet: 2. (1) mucky, muddy - (dirty and messy; covered with mud or muck; 'muddy boots'; 'a mucky stable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dirty, :Wet . :Muddy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Soil ; :wnsense "boggy1adj", "marshy1adj", "miry1adj", "mucky1adj", "muddy1adj", "quaggy1adj", "sloppy3adj", "sloughy1adj", "soggy1adj", "squashy1adj", "swampy1adj", "waterlogged1adj" ; :wordnet "boggy", "marshy", "miry", "mucky", "muddy", "quaggy", "sloppy", "sloughy", "soggy", "squashy", "swampy", "waterlogged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of soil that is so wet that a person walking in it will sink to some noticeable depth, with the feet getting wet in the process. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'muddy' in WordNet: 1. (7) boggy, marshy, miry, mucky, muddy, quaggy, sloppy, sloughy, soggy, squashy, swampy, waterlogged - ((of soil) soft and watery; 'the ground was boggy under foot'; 'a marshy coastline'; 'miry roads'; 'wet mucky lowland'; 'muddy barnyard'; 'quaggy terrain'; 'the sloughy edge of the pond'; 'swampy bayous') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wet . :Muffin :guid "c100920f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "muffin1n" ; :wordnet "muffin" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''Muffin''' is a ''BreadObject'' made of sweet ''QuickBread''. RHW: 1. an individual cup-shaped quick bread made with wheat flour, cornmeal, or the like, and baked in a pan (muffin pan) containing a series of cuplike forms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muffin' in WordNet: 1. muffin, gem - (a sweet quick bread baked in a cup-shaped pan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreadObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuickBread ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :MuffinPan :en "muffin pan" ; :enn "muffin pan" ; :guid "bd58a1d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pan used for baking muffins, with 6 to 12 little basins in it which hold the muffins. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakingDish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BakingMuffins ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Muffled :isAnAttributeOf :MusicalInstrument-Acoustic ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MufflingaSound ; :wnsense "dull3adj", "hushed1adj", "muffled1adj", "muted1n", "muted2n", "quiet4adj", "softened2adj", "subdued1adj" ; :wordnet "dull", "hushed", "muffled", "muted", "quiet", "softened", "subdued" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Muffled'' is for the result of a ''MufflingaSound'' Action that reduces the intensity or lowers the pitch of some sound, whether a voice or a sound from some device like a ''MusicalInstrument-Acoustic''. For an ElectricDevice that has been completely silenced, use ''Muted''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'muted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hushed, muted, subdued, quiet - (in a softened tone; 'hushed voices'; 'muted trumpets'; 'a subdued whisper'; 'a quiet reprimand') 2. dull, muffled, muted, softened - (being or made softer or less loud or clear; 'the dull boom of distant breaking waves'; 'muffled drums'; 'the muffled noises of the street'; 'muted trumpets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changed, :PastParticiple . :Muffler :wnsense "muffler1n", "silencer2n" ; :wordnet "muffler", "silencer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the 'Muffler' on a vehicle powered by an InternalCombustionEngine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muffler' in WordNet: 1. (2) silencer, muffler - (a tubular acoustic device inserted in the exhaust system that is designed to reduce noise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcousticDevice, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MufflingaSound ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalCombustionEngine ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ] . :MufflingaSound :wnsense "damp1v", "dampen3v", "dull3v", "muffle2v", "mute1v", "tone down1v" ; :wordnet "damp", "dampen", "dull", "muffle", "mute", "tone down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MufflingaSound'' is a ''ReducingIntensity'' in which the intensity some ''Sound'' is decreased. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'muffle' in WordNet: 2. muffle, mute, dull, damp, dampen, tone down - (deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReducingIntensity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Muffled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Mufti :guid "be305d66-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mufti1n" ; :wordnet "mufti" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Cleric and #$Judge. Each instance of #$Mufti is a religious leader in #$Islam who deals with questions of jurisprudence. A #$Mufti is the only type of religious leader who can issue a #$Fatwa, which gives him the power of handling cases where there is doubt among other authorities. The Arabic root for 'mufti' and 'fatwa' is the same: f-t-w. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mufti' in WordNet: 1. mufti - (a jurist who interprets Muslim religious law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric, :Judge, :Jurist, :MuslimPerson . :MughalEmpire a :Empire ; rdfs:comment """The ''MughalEmpire'' is an ''Empire'' that was ruled by the ''Mughal''s in various parts of India from 1500's to 1720. Wikipedia 'Mughal Empire' (accessed 20200808) The Mughal Empire (Persian: ????? ??????, romanized: mug?hliyah saltanat)[9] or Mogul Empire, self-designated as Gurkani (Persian: ??????????, Gurkaniyan, meaning 'son-in-law'),[10] was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries.[11] For some two centuries, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan plateau in south India.[12] The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what today is Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires,[13] to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodhi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of Upper India. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar.[14] This imperial structure lasted until 1720, until shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb,[15][16] during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently, especially during the East India Company rule in India, to the region in and around Old Delhi, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Although the Mughal empire was created and sustained by military warfare,[17][18][19] it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule; rather it equalized and placated them through new administrative practices,[20][21] and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule.[22] The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar.[23][24] These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator,[25] were paid in the well-regulated silver currency,[22] and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets.[26] The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion.[27] Burgeoning European presence in the Indian Ocean, and its increasing demand for Indian raw and finished products, created still greater wealth in the Mughal courts.[28] There was more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite,[29] resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Jahan.[30] Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort, Shalamar Gardens and the Taj Mahal, which is described as \"the jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.\"[31] """ . :Mulch :wnsense "mulch1n" ; :wordnet "mulch" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Mulch'' is a ''VegetableMatter'' that is ''FinelyDivided'' and ''Decayed'', and is used to create a protective layer over soil around the base of a Plant(s) that has been planted in a garden or farm. NOTE: In WN and RHW a 'covering' can be either a covering material or some quantity of that material in a layer. NOTE: the WN sense of 'mulch' suggests it is the covering made of this substance, and no distinction is made for the substances and the covering made of substance. This type represents the substance; for the covering (using a layer of this substance) use ''MulchLayer''. Corresponds to part (for a the substance 'mulch') of noun sense 1 of 'mulch' in WordNet: 1. (5) mulch - (a protective covering of rotting vegetable matter spread to reduce evaporation and soil erosion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, :VegetableMatter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decayed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinelyDivided ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MulchLayer :isDesignedToCover :SoilObject ; :wnsense "mulch1n" ; :wordnet "mulch" ; a :CoveringType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MulchLayer'' is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' consisting of '''Mulch'', placed over the surface of some ''SoilObject'', typically the top layer of soil located around Plant(s) that was planted in a garden or farm. Corresponds to part (for a layer of ''Mulch'') of noun sense 1 of 'mulch' in WordNet: 1. (5) mulch - (a protective covering of rotting vegetable matter spread to reduce evaporation and soil erosion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Layer, :OrganicMaterialObject, :ProtectiveSystem, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoilObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mulch ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :Mule :guid "bd58bec0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mule1n" ; :wordnet "mule" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all mules; a subset of #$EquineAnimal. Elements of #$Mule are the infertile hybrid offspring of a horse father and a donkey mother. Mules are presumed to be elements of #$DomesticatedAnimal, used for draught or riding. (An offspring of a donkey father and horse mother is called a jenny, and is recognizably distinct from the larger mule.) See also #$Horse, #$Donkey. SUMO: The product of a Male Donkey and a Female Horse. Mules are always sterile. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (3) mule - (hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticatedAnimal, :EquineAnimal, :HoofedMammal . :Mullah :guid "bdec49d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Mollah1n", "Mulla1n", "Mullah1n" ; :wordnet "Mollah", "Mulla", "Mullah" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Mullah derives from the old Arabian word MAWLA, which denotes either the slave or the master (cf. http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/reference/glossary/term.MAWLA.html). In the extended sense, it means a Muslim teacher of religion, who has interpretive authority over the Qur'an, Hadith and the other bodies of Islam's religious knowledge. Notice that due to the intertwined relationship of religion, politics and social policy in Islam, the religious rulings of a Mullah can have massive socio-political consequences. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Mullah' in Wordnet: 1. Mullah, Mollah, Mulla - (a Muslim trained in the doctrine and law of Islam; the head of a mosque) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric, :MuslimPerson . :MultiAgentAction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that is characterized by the participation of at least two Agents. This is very broad, and the 'Agents' can be any instance of GenericAgent. For the ineraction of multiple Entities that are not Agents, use 'Interacting' or some subtype. A 'MultiAgentAction' is not necessarily an 'Interacting', since the agents involved may not be changed in a significant way. NOTE that the restriction allows the multiple agents involved to be listed as a Group (AgentGroup), or individually (Agent) - this is for clarity of meaning, as an 'AgentGroup' is also an Agent. For Actions in which there are multiple humans or human organizations, use the more specific subtype 'MultiPersonAction' Prominent subtypes will be competition or cooperation events, or social events. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentGroup :GenericAgent ) ] ] . :MultiColored :isTheOppositeOf :Monochromatic, :Transparent ; :wnsense "calico2adj", "motley2adj", "multi-color1adj", "multi-colored1adj", "multi-colour1adj", "multicolor1adj", "multicolored1n", "multicolour1adj", "multicoloured1adj", "painted4adj", "particolored1adj", "particoloured1adj", "piebald1adj", "pied1adj", "polychromatic1adj", "polychromatic2adj", "varicolored1adj", "varicoloured1adj" ; :wordnet "calico", "motley", "multi-color", "multi-colored", "multi-colour", "multicolor", "multicolored", "multicolour", "multicoloured", "painted", "particolored", "particoloured", "piebald", "pied", "polychromatic", "varicolored", "varicoloured" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MultiColored'' is an AttributeValue of an Object or of a light wave that has at least three different colors. FOr an object that has multiple striking bright colors, ''Colorful'' would be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multicolored' and senses 1 and 2 of 'polychromatic' in Wordnet: 1. motley, calico, multicolor, multi-color, multicolour, multi-colour, multicolored, multi-colored, multicoloured, multi-coloured, painted, particolored, particoloured, piebald, pied, varicolored, varicoloured - (having sections or patches colored differently and usually brightly; 'a jester dressed in motley'; 'the painted desert'; 'a particolored dress'; 'a piebald horse'; 'pied daisies') WN adj 'polychromatic': 1. polychromatic - ((of light or other electromagnetic radiation) composed of more than one wavelength; 'polychromatic light') 2. polychromatic, polychrome, polychromic - (having or exhibiting many colors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :MultiCourseMeal a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MultiCourseMeal'' is a ''Meal'' that consists of more than one ''CourseOfaMeal''. This is a Role played by some Group of ''FoodObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meal, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourseOfAMeal ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :MultiDirectionalCommunication :en "multi-directional communication" ; :enn "multi-directional communication" ; :guid "bd5891c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of complex information transfer events. Each instance of #$MultiDirectionalCommunication is an event in which more than one agent plays the #$communicatorOfInfo role. For example, a conversation or a debate, as opposed to a speech or lecture. The predicate #$infoContributed is used to correlate each sending agent with the information s/he transmits in such an event. For communication acts having only one sender, see #$CommunicationAct-Single. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :SocialOccurrence . :MultiPersonAction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that is characterized by the participation of at least two Agents, each of which is a Person, GroupOfPeople, or Organization (i.e. either an individual or collective human agent). For Actions in which there are only two salient humans agents (as in buying and selling), use the more specific subtype 'TwoPersonAction' Prominent subtypes will be competition or cooperation events, or social events. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiAgentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :Organization ) ] ] . :MultiPersonAgent :guid "0cbcbdac-819f-41d7-93e9-843ad7903ff6" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Every GroupOfPeople is potentially an Agent, but this Cyc category may be used to distinguish groups acting in concert from casual groups not actually coordinating their efforts, such as the group of people in a room. The difference of MultiPersonAgent from GroupOfPeople is subtle - This category should be used when the agency aspect of the GroupOfPeople is salient in the discourse. Because a 'GroupOfPeople' can be quite transitory - the people in a particular elevator at a particular time - they need not be viewed as an agent. When they have in fact acted in concert, they become a 'CollectiveAgent'. Cyc: The subcollection of #$MultiIndividualAgent-Intelligent whose instances are all groups of persons, i.e., instances of (#$GroupFn #$Person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollectiveAgent, :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople . :MultiReedWoodwindInstrument :guid "be97bb6f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "CYC: The collection of all multi-reed #$WoodwindInstruments" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReedWoodwindInstrument . :MultiRoomUnit :guid "bd588961-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A suite, bunch of rooms, (or even just one single room) which are thought of as one unit. #$MultiRoomUnits can have rooms. NOTE That an Apartment is considered a multi-room unit, even though some apartments (like 'efficiency' apartments) may be a single room. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :SpaceInAFixedHOC, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Room ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MultiStoreyBuilding :en "multi storey building" ; :enn "multi storey building" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MultiStoreyBuilding'' is a ''Building'' that has at least two storeys. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Storey ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ] . :MultiVitaminPill :CYC "MultiVitamin" ; :guid "bd67ef7d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "multivitamin pill1n", "multivitamin1n" ; :wordnet "multivitamin", "multivitamin pill" ; a :DosageFormType, :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MultiVitaminPill'' is a Pll with at least three different ''Vitamin''s in it. Drugs which are are mixtures of vitamins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multivitamin pill' in WordNet: 1. multivitamin, multivitamin pill - (a pill or tablet containing several vitamins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitaminPill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :VitaminType ] . :MulticellularOrganism :guid "c08c4a77-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'cellular' is reclassified as a shape attribute. Cyc: #$MulticellularOrganism is a specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Each instance of #$MulticellularOrganism is an organism that is composed of more than one cell. In other words, this is the collection of all instances of #$Organism-Whole that are not instances of #$SingleCellOrganism.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cellular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :MulticoloredLight a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Light that has more than three colors. The colors may be overlapping within the same beam, or may be separately distributed over some region. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisibleLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultiColored ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Multicultural :pertainsTo :MixedCultures, :MulticulturalArea ; :wnsense "multicultural1adj" ; :wordnet "multicultural" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Multicultural' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''MixedCultures'' or places that have ''MixedCultures'' among its population. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multicultural' in Wordnet: 1. multicultural - (of or relating to or including several cultures; 'a multicultural event') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MulticulturalArea :en "multicultural area" ; :enn "multicultural area" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MulticulturalArea'' is a ''HumanResidenceArea'' where people pracitcing more than one ''Culture'' are a significant part of the population. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanResidenceArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MixedCultures ; owl:onProperty :has ] . :Multiculturalism :wnsense "multiculturalism1n" ; :wordnet "multiculturalism" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :MentalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multiculturalism' in WordNet: 1. multiculturalism - (the doctrine that several different cultures (rather than one national culture) can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhilosophicalSchool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MixedCultures ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MulticulturalArea ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Multigraph :guid "bde212ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and a subcollection of #$PathSystem. Each instance of #$Multigraph is an instance of #$PathSystem in which the only points are nodes in the system and all paths are made of links (i.e., no intermediate points along links). Sometime such a system is called a graph or multi-graph in graph theory. A #$Multigraph consists of nodes interconnected by links, with loops on single nodes allowed, and with multiple links between the same two nodes also allowed. (For a graph with no parallel links and no loops, see #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic. SUMO: The Class of multigraphs. A multigraph is a Graph containing at least one pair of GraphNodes that are connected by more than one GraphArc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Graph . :Multilateral :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Object ; :wnsense "many-sided1adj", "multilateral1adj" ; :wordnet "many-sided", "multilateral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Multilateral'' is an AttributeValue of Objects that have multiple ''Side''s or Actions that involve interaction of multiple Agents (People or Organizations). For only two sides, see '''Bilateral''> Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multilateral' in Wordnet: 1. (1) multilateral, many-sided - (having many parts or sides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MultimediaDisplay :wnsense "multimedia system1n", "multimedia1n" ; :wordnet "multimedia", "multimedia system" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MultimediaDisplay'' is a form of 'DisplayingInformation' that includes sound accompanying the visual display, possibly include text and any other forms of information transmission that may be feasible. WN 'multimedia' is presented as a ''communication' - that is interpreted as presenting information as well as transmitting over communications channels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multimedia' in WordNet: 1. multimedia, multimedia system - (transmission that combine media of communication (text and graphics and sound etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingInformation . :Multinational :pertainsTo :GroupOfNations ; :wnsense "multinational1adj", "transnational1adj" ; :wordnet "multinational", "transnational" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multinational' in Wordnet: 1. multinational, transnational - (involving or operating in several nations or nationalities; 'multinational corporations'; 'transnational terrorist networks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Multiple :hasMinimumValue "2"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "multiple1adj" ; :wordnet "multiple" ; a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """''Multiple'' is a 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' that describes anything that has a cardinality of greater than one. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multiple' in WordNet: 1. (6) multiple - (having or involving or consisting of more than one part or entity or individual; 'multiple birth'; 'multiple ownership'; 'made multiple copies of the speech'; 'his multiple achievements in public life'; 'her multiple personalities'; 'a pineapple is a multiple fruit') """ . :MultipleCauses :en "causes", "multiple causes" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MultipleCauses'' is a Group, each member of which is one of the causes that contributed to some Event. An instance of this type can be used with ''isCausedBy'' to specify the causes when no one cause is sufficient to produce the effect Event in focus. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Cause ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MultipleCurves :en "multiple curves" ; :enn "multiple curves" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MultipleCurves'' is a group of simple Curves on the same Object. There must be more than two; a line with two curves would be 'S-shaped'. This is primarily used for describing ''Winding'' paths. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curve ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MultipleDisciplines :en "multiple disciplines" ; :enn "multiple disciplines" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MultipleDisciplines'' is a ''Group'' of two or more ''FieldOfStudy''s. A 'polymath' will be knowledgeable about this type of Group. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FieldOfStudy ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interdisciplinary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MultipleEntityTable a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MultipleEntityTable is a DatabaseTable that represents more than one type of Entity. For any given row (record), the properties of only one entity will be represented. For such a Table, one can in theory factor it into several tables, each representing one entity. Those (virtual) subtables would be represented as 'DatabaseSubtables'. A MultipleEntityTable should have at least one column that contains a value indicating which type is represented by any given record. This column is specified by the relation 'hasDistinguishingColumn'. If not, there would need to be some list of columns for each type, indicating that a value in that column signals that the record represents that type. If that is not possible, it would be necessary to represent the table as the common parent type of all the types represented by the table. If none of these tactics serve to properly represent the table, the table may not be accurately representable (and should be redesigned). See also the relation 'tableCorrespondsToEntities'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseTable . :MultipleRaces :en "multiple races" ; :enn "multiple races" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MultipleRaces'' is a Group of two more more ''RaceOfPeople''s who are located in some Place or interact in some manner. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :SocialBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaceOfPeople ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MultipleSkillEvent :en "-athlon" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MultipleSkillEvent'' is a series of ''SportsEvent''s in which each contestant must demonstrate her/his level of skill in some type of individual sport, which is scored, and the scores are combined to get a total score for each contestant. This has as subtypes 'triathlon' and 'decathlon' and any other -athlon consisting of different types of display of skill. RHW 'triathlon': 1. an athletic contest comprising three consecutive events, usually swimming, bicycling, and distance running. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :SportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :MagicTrick ] . :MultipleUserComputer :en "multiple user computer", "multiuser computer" ; :guid "bd58d658-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$Computer designed to be used by multiple persons. (e.g. a VAX mainframe). See ''MainframeComputer'' for a restriction to larger groups of users. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalComputer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Multiplex :wnsense "manifold1adj", "multiplex1adj" ; :wordnet "manifold", "multiplex" ; a :VerbalQuantifier, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'Multiplex' is a verbal quantifier that expresses the notion that Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'multiplex' in Wordnet: 1. manifold, multiplex - (many and varied; having many features or forms; 'manifold reasons'; 'our manifold failings'; 'manifold intelligence'; 'the multiplex opportunities in high technology') """ . :MultiplicationProduct :ldoce "product" ; :wnsense "product5n" ; :wordnet "product" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MultiplicationProduct' is a Number that can be the result of a 'DoingMultiplication' Action. This is a Role that a Number can play. See 'Sum' for further discussion of this unusual type of 'role'. See 'hasMultiplicand' for the relation that relates a 'MultiplicationProduct' to its factors. The restriction requires that the factors of a 'MultiplicationProduct' be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'product' in WordNet: 5. (20) product, mathematical product - (a quantity obtained by multiplication; 'the product of 2 and 3 is 6') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AtemporalRole, :Number, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DoingMultiplication ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasMultiplicand ] . :Multiplying :en "multiplying" ; :ldoce "multiply" ; :wnsense "manifold2v", "multiplication3n", "multiply2v" ; :wordnet "manifold", "multiplication", "multiply" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Multiplying' is an Event in which numerable quantity of countable objects increases in number - by as few as one or by orders of magnitude. This includes 'multiplication' of organisms as well as transitive actions in which agents cause the numbers of things to increase, and Events in which things 'multiply' by any form of process ('our troubles multiplied'). This does not include arithmetic operations - see 'DoingMultiplication'. For causing a *rapid* increase in some quantity that may but does not necessarily result in a double or larger multiple of the original, use ''Proliferating''. NOTE: the 'multiplying' of organisms is represented under the subtype ''BiologicalReproductionEvent'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'multiplication' and verb senses 2, 3, and 4 of 'multiply' in WordNet: 3. multiplication - (a multiplicative increase; 'repeated copying leads to a multiplication of errors'; 'this multiplication of cells is a natural correlate of growth') WN verb 'multiply': 2. (7) multiply, manifold - (combine or increase by multiplication; 'He managed to multiply his profits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent . :Multipronged :wnsense "pronged1adj" ; :wordnet "pronged" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute objects (abstract or physical) that branch out from one root to more than two ends. Corresponds most closely to adjective sense 1 of 'pronged' in Wordnet: 1. pronged, tined - (having prongs or tines; usually used in combination; 'a three-tined fork') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forked . :MultirevolutionRotation :guid "bfcc9178-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$Collection of all unidirectional #$MultirevolutionRotation movement processes, although one may stop and continue. Clock hand motion is #$MultirevolutionRotation even if it is a continual series of small turns and pauses. The angular position monotonically increases or decreases (modulo 360 degrees). The final stopping position of the process need have no relationship with the starting position. A sufficiently long time slice is also a #$MultirevolutionRotation. @ToDo: relation to 'Spinning'? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rotation . :MultistepChemicalSynthesis :en "multistep synthesis" ; :wnsense "synthesis1n", "synthesize1v" ; :wordnet "synthesis", "synthesize" ; a :ChemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MultistepChemicalSynthesis'' is a series of at least three ''ChemicalSynthesis'' reactions that are performed in order to produce some ''FinalChemicalProduct''. NOTE that the participant ''ReactionChain'' (a series of products) is a linear chain, and does not necessarily include all of the starting or intermediate products. More detail can be added. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSynthesis, :Combining, :PhysicalSynthesis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReactionChain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalTransformationEvent ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Multitude :isAnAttributeValueOf :Group ; :wnsense "battalion1n", "large number1n", "multitude1n", "pack1n", "plurality1n" ; :wordnet "battalion", "large number", "multitude", "pack", "plurality" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'multitude' in WordNet: 1. (1) battalion, large number, multitude, plurality, pack - (a large indefinite number; 'a battalion of ants'; 'a multitude of TV antennas'; 'a plurality of religions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LargeIndefiniteQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Mummifying :guid "bec0835b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mummify2v" ; :wordnet "mummify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: some ''mummys' are produced by natural forces drying out a dead corpse. This type is for the intentional Action. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'mummify' in WordNet: 2. mummify - (remove the organs and dry out (a dead body) in order to preserve it; 'The Egyptians mummified their pharaohs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Embalming, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drying ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mummy ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Mummy :wnsense "mummy2n" ; :wordnet "mummy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The dead body of a person or non-human animal that has been mummified (preserved by drying), by a natural or artificial process. To be a Corpse rather than a skeleton the body must have most of the bones covered by flesh, even if mummified. Includes but is not restricted to artificially mummified bodies, so the WordNet sense is only part of the meaning of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corpse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :wasOfType ] . :Mumps :guid "c0fd4756-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "epidemic parotitis1n", "mumps1n" ; :wordnet "epidemic parotitis", "mumps" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A contagious viral infection of childhood (usually) which affects the salivary glands, causing difficulty and pain in swallowing. Rarely lasts more than three days, and is vaccinatable for individuals over age one. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mumps' in WordNet: 1. mumps, epidemic parotitis - (an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by swelling of the parotid glands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContagiousDisease, :ViralInfection . :MumtazMahal :hasMassInGrams "50000"^^xsd:float ; a :DeadPerson . :Munch :wnsense "munch2n" ; :wordnet "munch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Munch' is one large Bite - a brief Action. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'munch' in WordNet: 2. munch - (a large bite; 'he tried to talk between munches on the sandwich') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Municipal :pertainsTo :Municipality ; :wnsense "municipal1adj", "municipal2adj" ; :wordnet "municipal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Municipal'' is the attribute pertaining to a ''Municipality'' and its characteristic property,activities, structure, and relation to other Geopolitical entities. Includes adjective senses 1 and 1 of 'municipal' in Wordnet: 1. (11) municipal - (relating or belonging to or characteristic of a municipality; 'municipal government'; 'municipal bonds'; 'a municipal park'; 'municipal transportation') 2. municipal - (of or relating to the government of a municipality; 'international law...only authorizes a belligerent to punish a spy under its municipal law'- J.L.kuntz) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Municipality :wnsense "municipality1n" ; :wordnet "municipality" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any incorporated GeopoliticalEntity which, depending on the size and population and laws of the next larger GeopoliticalEntity may be called a 'City', 'Borough', 'Town', 'Township', 'Village' or some other name, but in general it will be a GeopoliticalEntity that has no smaller unit with a separate government body, in that Country or State. This will be the most common referent for a city in relations in the ontology, unless the government or the area of the city is specifically intended as the referent. NOTE that a 'Municipality' is not the land area nor the governement, but a composite entity: A GeopoliticalEntity in COSMO is a composite Entity which (1) is an agent (2) claims control over some land area of the earth (3) has a government, which is also an agent Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'municipality' in Wordnet: 1. municipality - (an urban district having corporate status and powers of self-government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity . :Mural :guid "beb55785-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mural1n", "wall painting1n" ; :wordnet "mural", "wall painting" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is a PhysicalObject that consists of a ''Picture'' located on some ''Wall''. CYC: The collection of all mural paintings [#$Painting-ArtForm] as a representational art form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mural' in WordNet: 1. mural, wall painting - (a painting that is applied to a wall surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Picture . :Murder :guid "c10aed70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "murder" ; :wnsense "bump off1v", "dispatch3v", "execution7n", "hit15v", "murder1n", "murder1v", "off1v", "polish off2v", "remove7v", "slay1v", "slaying1n" ; :wordnet "bump off", "dispatch", "execution", "hit", "murder", "off", "polish off", "remove", "slay", "slaying" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PunctualEventType and a specialization of both #$KillingPerson and #$CriminalAct. Each instance of #$Murder is an event in which someone is illegally killed. The key features that make a #$KillingByOrganism a #$Murder are (a) the organism killed is a #$Person; and (b) the killing violates some law. SUMO: Impermissible Killing of a Human. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1of 'murder' in WordNet: WN noun'murder' 1. (45) murder, slaying, execution - (unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being) WN verb 'murder' 1. (5) murder, slay, hit, dispatch, bump off, off, polish off, remove - (kill intentionally and with premeditation; 'The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CauseOfDeath, :Felony, :Homicide, :VictimizingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Murderer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :caused ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Crime :Homicide ) ] . :MurderMystery :ldoce "mystery" ; :wnsense "mystery story1n", "mystery2n", "whodunit1n" ; :wordnet "mystery", "mystery story", "whodunit" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MysteryStory' that centers around a Murder and an attempt to discover the perpetrator. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mystery' in WordNet: 2. mystery, mystery story, whodunit - (a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MysteryStory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Murder ] . :MurderOfJFK :caused :DeathOfJFK ; :hadChangedEntity :JohnFitzgeraldKennedy ; :hadOrganismKilled :JohnFitzgeraldKennedy ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :DeathOfJFK ; :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation :NationalMourningForLossOfJFK ; :isTheMainTopicOf :JFK-TheMovie, :UnsolvedCrimeDescription ; :isUndesirableTo :CitizenryOfTheUSA ; :occurredAt :DallasTexas ; :occurredInTimeInterval :DTEG19631122Z-6 ; :violatesRule :TexasLawAgainstMurder ; :wasPerformedByAgent :LeeHarveyOswald ; a :Assassination . :MurderOfaProminentPerson :wnsense "assassination2n" ; :wordnet "assassination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """MurderOfaProminentPerson is a type of Murder in which the victim is a government official or well-known and prominent, at least locally. The motive does not affect categrization as an instance of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Murder . :Murderer :wnsense "murderer1n" ; :wordnet "murderer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Person'' who has performed the Crime of ''Murder'' - not just Homicide, but criminal unjustified Murder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'murderer' in WordNet: 1. (12) murderer, liquidator, manslayer - (a criminal who commits homicide (who performs the unlawful premeditated killing of another human being)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, :Evildoer, :Killer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Murder ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Murderous :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Murder ; :isTheOppositeOf :Successful ; :wnsense "homicidal1adj", "murderous1adj" ; :wordnet "homicidal", "murderous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Murderous'' characterizes someone who has performed or has tried to perform a ''Murder'' of another Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'murderous' in Wordnet: 1. homicidal, murderous - (characteristic of or capable of or having a tendency toward killing another human being ; 'a homicidal rage'; 'murderous thugs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Murmuring :wnsense "murmur1v" ; :wordnet "murmur" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Murmuring'' is a ''Speaking'' softly in a low voice. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'murmur' in WordNet: 1. (15) murmur - (speak softly or indistinctly; 'She murmured softly to the baby in her arms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComplainingAboutSomething, :Speaking . :MurrayRiver :guid "bd58f4f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AustraliaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "chief river of Australia" . :MurrumbidgeeRiver :flowsInto :MurrayRiver ; :guid "bd58f578-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AustraliaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "tributary of Murray R of Australia" . :MuscatGrape :wnsense "muscat grape1n", "muscat4n", "muscatel2n" ; :wordnet "muscat", "muscat grape", "muscatel" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MuscatGrape'' is the ''Grape'' that grows on a ''MuscatGrapeVine''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscat grape' in WordNet: 1. muscat, muscatel, muscat grape - (sweet aromatic grape used for raisins and wine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grape, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuscatGrapeVine ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Muscatel ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :MuscatGrapeVine :wnsense "muscat1n", "muskat1n" ; :wordnet "muscat", "muskat" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MuscatGrapeVine'' is a vine plant that produces 'muscat' Grapes. This is a whole plant type, not just the vinous portion of the plant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscat' in WordNet: 1. muscat, muskat - (any of several cultivated grapevines that produce sweet white grapes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrapeVine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuscatGrape ; owl:onProperty :bearsFruitType ] . :Muscatel :wnsense "muscadel1n", "muscadelle1n", "muscat3n", "muscatel1n" ; :wordnet "muscadel", "muscadelle", "muscat", "muscatel" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sweet wine made from ''MuscatGrape''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscatel' in WordNet: 1. muscat, muscatel, muscadel, muscadelle - (wine from muscat grapes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuscatGrape ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :MusciClass :guid "bd58e955-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A biological class within the plant kingdom which includes the mosses.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bryophyte . :Muscle :guid "bd803c70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "muscle1n" ; :wordnet "muscle" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single muscle, not a tissue as in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of #$MuscleTissue. Each instance of #$Muscle is an organ that is essentially a mass of muscle tissue controlled by a nerve (see #$Nerve) and that by contracting moves or restricts the motion of one or more #$AnimalBodyParts to which it is connected. NOTE the SUMO 'Tissue' is a substance, which is called 'MuscleTissue' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscle' in WordNet: 1. (44) muscle, musculus - (one of the contractile organs of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuscleTissue ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :MuscleContraction :wnsense "contraction1n", "muscle contraction1n", "muscular contraction1n" ; :wordnet "contraction", "muscle contraction", "muscular contraction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MuscleContraction'' is a ''Shortening'' in the length of some Muscle. This is how a Muscle performs its intended function, so it is usually a normal Action, unless it is a ''Cramping''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'contraction' in WordNet: 1. (1) contraction, muscular contraction, muscle contraction - ((physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :Shortening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Muscle ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :MusclePoweredDevice a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$MusclePoweredDevice is a specialization of #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$MusclePoweredDevice is a device which is powered by animal muscle power (including human labor). Specializations of #$MusclePoweredDevice include #$Wagon, #$Bicycle, and #$Canoe.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoweredDevice . :MusclePoweredDevice-Pushed a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MusclePoweredDevice that is designed to be moved by pushing (as contrasted with pulling or pedaling). Examples are wheelbarrows and BabyCarriages""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusclePoweredDevice . :MuscleTissue :guid "bd58cc38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "muscle2n" ; :wordnet "muscle" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance consisting of muscles cells, not an Object as in Cyc. For the object muscle, see 'Muscle'. Cyc: A specialization of #$OrganismPart. Each instance of #$MuscleTissue is a quantity of muscle tissue; that is, tissue composing biological organs that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy. Note that as this collection is a specialization (via #$OrganismPart) of #$BiologicalLivingObject, it only covers undetached muscle parts. An important specialization of this collection is #$Muscle, the collection of masses of #$MuscleTissue attached at both ends that are controlled by nerves, and move one or more body parts. In SUMO called 'Muscle', a subtype of 'Tissue': SUMO: Nonrigid Tissue appearing only in Animals and composed largely of contractile cells. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'muscle' in WordNet: 2. (2) muscle, muscular tissue - (animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flesh, :SolidAnimalMatter . :Muscovite-Mineral :guid "bda0a757-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "muscovite1n" ; :wordnet "muscovite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muscovite' in WordNet: 1. muscovite - (a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mica, :Mineral, :SolidSubstance . :MuseumBuilding :en "museum building" ; :wnsense "museum1n" ; :wordnet "museum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any building belonging to a Museum (organization) and used to display objects. The only sense of 'museum' in RHW is the building: a building or place where works of art, scientific specimens, or other objects of permanent value are kept and displayed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'museum' in WordNet: 1. (3) museum - (a depository for collecting and displaying objects having scientific or historical or artistic value) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :MuseumOrganization ] . :MuseumOrganization :en "museum organization" ; :guid "bd588438-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "museum1n" ; :wordnet "museum" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Museum-Organization': Cyc: A specialization of #$ProductDisplayOrganization. Each instance of #$Museum-Organization is an organization which serves primarily to put artifacts on display for the public. Typically these ortganizations house their displays in instances of #$Museum-Structure (q.v.). Unclear if WN 'museum' refers to organization or building or both. The label and tag are addedhere for later rework. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'museum' in Wordnet: 1. (3) museum - (a depository for collecting and displaying objects having scientific or historical or artistic value) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProductDisplayOrganization . :Mushroom :wnsense "mushroom2n" ; :wordnet "mushroom" ; a :PlantType, :SporeFormerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All varieties, edible or not. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mushroom' in WordNet: 2. mushroom - (any of various fleshy fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota consisting of a cap at the end of a stem arising from an underground mycelium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fungus . :Mushy :contrastsWith :Hard, :Rigid ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Pulp, :SemiSolidSubstance, :SolidObject ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mushy'' is an attribute of ''SolidObject''s and ''SolidSubstance''s that do not flow freely by can be easily deformed.. This is mostly used for OrganicObjects that have been reduced to a ''Pulp'' by pressure or mashing.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemiSolid . :Music :guid "bd58ce26-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "music", "tune" ; :wnsense "music genre1n", "music4n", "musical genre1n", "musical style1n", "tune1n" ; :wordnet "music", "music genre", "musical genre", "musical style", "tune" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Music is an ''AudibleSound'' that has musical qualitites. The original Event that produces Music is a MusicalPerformance. Music, as an information transfer, is also considered as an Event. Playing a recording is also an Event that can cause Music to occur. Each Event of Music (the propagation of a musical wave) is caused by an Event of 'MakingMusicalSound' (the emission of a musical wave). NOTE that the word 'tune' is often used to refer to the musical sound itself, but in COSMO 'Tune' represents the abstract ConceptualWork of which Music is the execution. NOTE that this includes the 'genre' in the actual sound of the song. ''Genre'' is represented as a metatype for Music Classes that represent particular genres of Music. @ToDo1435 NOTE that this type includes 'musical genre'. As of rev1435 the music itself (an Event) and the genre (something abstract) are not differentiated. They sold be idsinguished,and will likely form parallel type hierarchies. NOTE that each component of Music that is audible is also an insance of 'Music'; therefore, the beat and the melody are subtypes of 'Music'. @ToDo: this may need elaboration. NOTE: a pointer to 'AbstractMusic' is added to encourage the knowledge engineer to create a unique abstract individual, where appropriate, to allow comparison of different physical embodiments of music as to similarity or difference. Cyc: A specialization of both #$SoundInformationBearingThing and #$Artifact-Intangible. Each instance of #$Music is a particular sound produced by actions such as singing, whistling, playing an instrument, playing recorded music, and so on. Music has certain features that distinguish it from random noise (though recognizing them may depend upon a specific cultural background); such features usually include variations of pitch over time (i.e., melody), multiple (somehow) related pitches sounding at one time (i.e., some kind of harmony), and/or some regular temporal pattern to the component sounds (i.e., rhythm). Instances of #$Music include the debut performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, Leonard Bernstein's rendition of the Ninth Symphony with the BPO in Berlin in 1989, a particular playing of a particular CD of Bernstein's 1989 Ninth in Berlin, and the Messiah sing-in in Austin, TX, in 1995. This collection is not to be confused with #$MusicalText or #$MusicalTextCopy (qq.v.), which refer to the represented instructions which musicians often follow in order to create #$Music. SUMO: The subclass of RadiatingSound where the sound is intended to be melodic and is produced deliberately. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'music' and includes sense 1 of 'tune', and 'music genre' in WordNet: 4. music - ((music) the sounds produced by singers or musical instruments (or reproductions of such sounds)) WN noun 'tune': 1. (12) tune, melody, air, strain, melodic line, line, melodic phrase - (a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence; 'she was humming an air from Beethoven') WN noun 'music genre': 1. music genre, musical genre, genre, musical style - (an expressive style of music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :AudibleSound, :SoundInformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractMusic ; owl:onProperty :isRepresentedByAbstractEvent ] . :MusicAlbum :wnsense "album1n" ; :wordnet "album" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicAlbum'' is a PhysicalObject that is a representon of an ''AbstractMusicAlbum'' in any form - vinyl disc, tape, CD, DD, or stored in any digial recording medium. It must have a representation of at least two ''AbstractMusicRecording''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'album' in WordNet: 1. (2) album, record album - (one or more recordings issued together; originally released on 12-inch phonograph records (usually with attractive record covers) and later on cassette audio tape and compact disc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recording, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractMusicAlbum ] . :MusicAsaProfession :en "music as a profession", "professional music" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MusicAsaProfession'' is the ''Occupation'' of a professional ''Musician'' who performs ''MusicalPerformance''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occupation, :Profession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalPerformer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalPerformer ; owl:onProperty :isTheOccupationOfA ] . :MusicEquipment :guid "bfd79b87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :DurableGood . :MusicGroup a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MusicGroup' is a GroupOfPeople whose primary characteristic as a Group is that they play music. This includes all types of groups that play music, provided that they are sufficiently stable as a Group to be identified as a 'group'; this will exclude groups of people who get together for one time (as at a party) to sing or play music together. At least one member of the Group must be a MusicalPerformer (a 'musician'), but not all need to be. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :SocialBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ; owl:someValuesFrom :MusicalPerformer ] . :MusicPerformanceOrganization :guid "bd58a3ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "musical group1n", "musical organisation1n", "musical organization1n" ; :wordnet "musical group", "musical organisation", "musical organization" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of organizations. An element of #$MusicPerformanceOrganization is a group whose main function is the members playing music together. The collection #$MusicPerformanceOrganization includes popular music bands, orchestras, choirs, and marching bands; it does not include record companies, music publishers, etc. COSMO note: 'Band-MusicGroup' is a Group, not an Organization, so this does not subsume such bands. @ToDO: needs some way to connect all these without making a Group a subtype of Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical organization' in WordNet: 1. musical organization, musical organisation, musical group - (an organization of musicians who perform together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization, :SocialBeing . :MusicRecord a :ObjectType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MusicRecord' is the abstract symbolic content of a 'MusicalPerformance', which has been recorded or represented in any physical medium. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerformanceRecord . :MusicRecording :en "music recording" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PhysicalObject that is an instance of a 'Recording' that is a recording of some 'Music'. Can be vinyl, tape, DVD, or other form. Playing such a recording causes an Event of 'Music'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SoundRecording, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractMusicRecording ] . :MusicType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicType'' is the type for any kind of abstract music or music genre or music as a sound wave. NOTE that this is a hybrid metatype to conveniently handle concepts that may have aspects as objects or as Events - such as Music. These can be dissociated if necessary. The metatype ''Genre'' is used to assert that a particular type of art or music or literature is considered as a 'genre'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :ObjectType . :MusicVideoFile a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ComputerVideoFile' that represents an AbstractVideo acompanied by Music, typically a production of a song by some music group, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerVideoFile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Movie :AbstractVideo ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MusicalPerformance ; owl:onProperty :representsEvent ] . :Musical :pertainsTo :Music ; :wnsense "musical1adj" ; :wordnet "musical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Musical'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to ''Music'' or attributes a 'musical' quality to sounds. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'musical' in WordNet: 1. (21) musical - (characterized by or capable of producing music; 'a musical evening'; 'musical instruments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :MusicalBeat :ldoce "beat" ; :wnsense "beat3n", "musical rhythm1n", "rhythm1n" ; :wordnet "beat", "musical rhythm", "rhythm" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'MusicalBeat' is the component of a Music Event that perceptibly defines the time between stresed notes, i.e. it is the rhythm of a piece of music. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'beat' and sense 1 of 'rhythm' in WordNet: 3. (1) rhythm, beat, musical rhythm - (the basic rhythmic unit in a piece of music; 'the piece has a fast rhythm'; 'the conductor set the beat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music . :MusicalChord :wnsense "chord2n" ; :wordnet "chord" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicalChord'' is a ''MusicalNote'' that is a combination of individual ''MusicalNotes'' .sounded at the same time, represented by a ''MusicalChordSymbol'' NOTE(sic!): the WN sense 2 of 'chord' seems to be the notation but there is no other representation of the ''Sound'' that is a musical chord. COSMO needs to distinguish the two, but both have the same WN referent.See also ''MusicalCordSymbol''. in WordNet: 2. (2) chord - (a combination of three or more notes that blend harmoniously when sounded together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :MusicalNote, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalChordSymbol ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MusicalNote ; owl:minCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MusicalChordSymbol :wnsense "chord1\\2n" ; :wordnet "chord" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicalChordSymbol'' is a ''MusicalNoteSymbol'' that represents. a ''MusicalChord''. NOTE(sic!): the WN sense 2 of 'chord' seems to be the notation but there is no other representation of the ''Sound'' that is a musical note. COSMO needs to distinguish the two, but both have the same WN referent.See also ''MusicalNote''. in WordNet: 2. (2) chord - (a combination of three or more notes that blend harmoniously when sounded together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalNoteSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalChord ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :MusicalComposition :guid "c14c0ddd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "music" ; :wnsense "composition4n", "musical composition1n", "opus1n", "piece of music1n", "piece4n" ; :wordnet "composition", "musical composition", "opus", "piece", "piece of music" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all composed pieces of music, whether recorded or not, extant for centuries or composed on the spot, instrumental or sung, etc. This is not to be confused with musical performances, although musical performances normally enact instances of #$MusicalComposition. See 'AbstractMusic' for an abstract representation of Music that is not a 'Procedure'. NOTE that this is the abstract specification for a musical performance, not the performance itself nor the paper object on which the music is written in musical notation. This is a Procedure, not merely a Specification, because the order in which the actions are performed is crucial to the nature of the work. A musical score (a sequence of notes, represented by 'Tune' in COSMO) is one subtype, and this is also an abstract specification, not the physical object(s) that record the abstract notions involved. In SUMO 'MusicalComposition' is a physical text. In COSMO we interpet it abstractly, as in Cyc. SUMO: A Text that expresses the notes, words, etc. of a song or other sort of Music. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical composition' in WordNet: 1. (1) musical composition, opus, composition, piece, piece of music - (a musical work that has been created; 'the composition is written in four movements') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEvent, :AudioConceptualWork, :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractMusic ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :representsPhysicalEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MusicalPerformance ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :MusicalDrama :wnsense "musical1n" ; :wordnet "musical" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicalDrama'' is a 'DramaticPerformance' that includes music and songs as a prominent part of the performance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical' in WordNet: 1. (2) musical, musical comedy, musical theater - (a play or film whose action and dialogue is interspersed with singing and dancing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaticPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlayScript ] . :MusicalEnsemble :wnsense "ensemble1n" ; :wordnet "ensemble" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicalEnsemble'' is a Group of ''MusicalPerformer''s that play or sing together. NOTE: in WN, an ''Orchestra'' is not a subtype of ''Ensemble'', so the implied restrictions are not clear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ensemble' in WordNet: 1. (5) ensemble - (a group of musicians playing or singing together; 'a string ensemble') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :MusicGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MusicalPerformer ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :MusicalInstrument :guid "bd58c8e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "instrument" ; :wnsense "instrument6n" ; :wordnet "instrument" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a subtype of the generic 'Instrument' and corresponds to sense 6 of 'instrument' in WordNet. Cyc: A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$MusicalInstrument is a device that (in the standard case) is designed to be manipulated by a person to generate music - that is, s/he successively plays the notes of the music by manipulating the instrument during the playing. Possibly the player also supplies by muscle power the force that produces the sound, but possibly it uses another power source (e.g., electricity, or steam). The music may or may not be of his or her own composition, but the player's actions determine that the notes are produced by the instrument (in the standard sense). Note: If the directive role of the human player is subsumed by the device - as it is, e.g., by some electronic instruments which are programmable and/or pre-programmed to produce music or musical sounds - the device loses some of its instrument-like quality, and some automated uses may be abnormal cases of 'playing' an instrument. An older but analogous example is: player pianos. If the device is pre-programmed so that humans can't direct the music at all, then the device is not a musical instrument (but a musical device) - for example, music boxes. Also excluded from #$MusicalInstrument are devices which produce music 'at random' (such as wind chimes). Devices such as radios, tape decks, CD players, which are used to play wholly pre-recorded or otherwise other-controlled music, are also not included in this collection. SUMO: A Device which is manipulated by a Human and whose purpose is to produce Music. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'instrument' in WordNet: 6. musical instrument, instrument - (any of various devices or contrivances that can be used to produce musical tones or sounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collectible, :Device-UserControlled, :Instrument, :MusicEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingAMusicalInstrument ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Musical ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ] . :MusicalInstrument-Acoustic :en "acoustic instrument" ; :guid "c0fbb97e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$MusicalInstruments that is not powered by electronic or some other 'artificial' means. Some specializations e.g. #$PercussionInstrument, #$WoodwindInstrument, etc are default rather than monotonic, because there are rare exceptions such as electronic clarinet, electronic drums and such. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalInstrument . :MusicalInstrument-Electronic :en "electronic musical instrument" ; :enn "electronic musical instrument" ; :guid "bd5891c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$MusicalInstruments which produce sound electronically rather than physically. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, :MusicalInstrument . :MusicalInstrumentPlayer :guid "bd58d958-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "instrumentalist1n", "player2n" ; :wordnet "instrumentalist", "player" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One who plays an instrument -not necessarily as a profession, but with enough skill to entertain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instrumentalist' in WordNet: 1. (1) musician, instrumentalist, player - (someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalPerformer . :MusicalInstrumentType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Each instance of ''MusicalInstrumentType'' is a type of ''MusicalInstrument''. This can serve as type for ''MusicalInstrument'' . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceType . :MusicalKey :wnsense "key4n" ; :wordnet "key" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicalKey'' is a ''MusicalNotation'' that orders the Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'key' in WordNet: 4. (1) key, tonality - (any of 24 major or minor diatonic scales that provide the tonal framework for a piece of music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalNotation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :NotationalSymbol ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :Grammar ] . :MusicalNotation :wnsense "musical notation1n" ; :wordnet "musical notation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NotationalSystem'' is an .''Information-encoding-system'' that uses a Group of ''NotationalSymbol''s (''AbstractSymbol''s) ordered by a ''Grammar'' to represent information of any type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical notation' in WordNet: 1. musical notation - (a notation used by musicians) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotationalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :NotationalSymbol ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :Grammar ] . :MusicalNote :wnsense "musical note1n", "note5n", "tone6n" ; :wordnet "musical note", "note", "tone" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'MusicalNote' is an ''AudibleSound'' of varying duration, produced by a ''MusicalInstrument'' or by a human voice while singing, having the same ''Pitch'' troughout its duration.. NOTE(sic!): the WN sense 5 of 'note' seems to be the notation but there is not other representation of the ''Sound'' that is a musical note. COSMO needs to distinguish the two, but both have the same WN referent. See ''MusicalNoteSymbol'' Corresponds to RHW senses 18 and 19 of 'note': 18. a tone sounded on a musical instrument. 19. musical sound or tone. There is no WordNet sense corresponding exactly to this - the sense 6 of 'tone' (a notation) is a *representation* of this concept, but the example suggests that it is in fact a sound, not a notation, so WN seems to be using this to represent the intended COSMO sense of this concept, despite the gloss. Is related to but differs from the gloss in noun sense 5 of 'note' in Wordnet: 5. (98) note, musical note, tone - (a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound; 'the singer held the note too long') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PlayingAMusicalInstrument :PlayingaMusicRecording :MakingMusic :Singing :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalNoteSymbol ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :MusicalNoteSymbol :wnsense "musical note1n", "note5n", "tone6n" ; :wordnet "musical note", "note", "tone" ; a :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicalNoteSymbol'' is a ''NotationalSymbol'' used in representing ''Music''. A ''MusicalNoteSymbol'' can include a 'sharp' or 'flat' in which case the ''MusicalNote'' is a Symbol with more that one character. The meaning of the note also depends on the location in the staff and which staff is symbolized by the clef note, and the duration depends on the timing symbols in or around the staff. NOTE(sic!): the WN sense 5 of 'note' seems to be the notation but there is not other representation of the ''Sound'' that is a musical note. COSMO needs to distinguish the two, but both have the same WN referent.See also ''MusicalNote''. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'note' in WordNet: 5. (98) note, musical note, tone - (a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound; 'the singer held the note too long') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotationalSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalNote ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :MusicalOrgan :ldoce "organ" ; :wnsense "organ5n" ; :wordnet "organ" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MusicalOrgan' creates musical notes by blowing air through pipes of different lengths. It is typically played from a keyboard, which can be quite elaborate, allowing various qualities of the tones produced. This does not include a 'reed organ', also called 'harmonium' Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'organ' in WordNet: 5. organ, pipe organ - (wind instrument whose sound is produced by means of pipes arranged in sets supplied with air from a bellows and controlled from a large complex musical keyboard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalInstrument . :MusicalPerformance :guid "bd58c7d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$LiveEntertainment and #$InformationBearingPerformance. Each instance of #$MusicalPerformance is an #$EntertainmentPerformance (q.v.) in which one or more agents produce music, either by singing or playing musical instruments, for a (public or private) audience. Specializations of #$MusicalPerformance include #$MusicalDrama, #$ClassicalMusicalPerformance, and #$JazzMusicalPerformance. NOTE: a ''DramaticPerformance' that includes music is represented as a ''MusicalDrama''. NOTE that this is a live entertainment, and playing a recording of music is not an instance. NOTE that a MusicalPerformance must cause Music to happen. Any mock perfomance that does not create musical sound is not an instance of this type. Also note that the SUMO description as 'consist exclusively of music' is narrower than this type, which includes any performance in which music is produced, in particular in operas and musical plays. A group of people chanting 'Hare Krishna' musically is a marginal instance of this type. More specific subtypes will be needed to distinguish specializations where needed. SUMO: A Performance that consists exclusively of Music, e.g. an orchestra playing a symphony to an assembled audience. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentPerformance, :InformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MusicalComposition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :Music ] . :MusicalPerformer :guid "bd58ea5e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "performer1n" ; :wordnet "performer" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Artist-Performer, #$Musician and #$MusicPerformanceAgent. Each instance of this collection is a an individual person performing music for an audience. For groups or bands, see #$MusicPerformanceAgent. As a simplifying convenience, each member of musical groups that appear in an Orchestra are considered 'OrchestraMembers'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'performer' in WordNet, restricted to performers who create music: in WordNet: 1. (8) performer, performing artist - (an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, :Musician, :SocialBeing . :MusicalRendition :wnsense "interpret3v", "render3v", "rendering13", "rendering1n", "rendition1n", "rendition3n" ; :wordnet "interpret", "render", "rendering", "rendition" ; a :ActionType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicalRendition'' is a form of ''ClassicalMusic'' performance that Corresponds to part (for music) of noun senses 1 and 3 of 'rendition' and part of sense 3 of 'render' in WordNet: 1. (2) rendition, rendering - (a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.; 'they heard a live rendition of three pieces by Schubert') 3. (1) rendition, rendering, interpretation - (the act of interpreting something as expressed in an artistic performance; 'her rendition of Milton's verse was extraordinarily moving') WN verb 'render': 3. (3) interpret, render - (give an interpretation or rendition of; 'The pianist rendered the Beethoven sonata beautifully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalPerformance, :Rendering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoloMusicalPerformance ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :MusicalScore :guid "be8e32a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "musical score1n", "score2n" ; :wordnet "musical score", "score" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicalScore'' is an ''AbstractDocument'' (not the physical paper text) using ''MusicalNotation'' to represent a piece of Music and give directions on how to play it. This includes all 'scores' whether for one instrument or many, or for voice. CYC: The collection of all abstract #$MusicalText which specifies the score for a piece of music. RHW: a written or printed piece of music with all the vocal and instrumental parts arranged on staves, one under the other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical score' in WordNet: 2. (8) score, musical score - (a written form of a musical composition; parts for different instruments appear on separate staves on large pages; 'he studied the score of the sonata') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :MusicalComposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MusicalNotation ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :MusicalString a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicalString'' is a ''PieceOfString'' designed to be stretched taut within a ''StringInstrument'' so as to produce a musical note when plucked. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :StringOrLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalNote ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StringInstrument ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :MusicalSuite :wnsense "suite1n" ; :wordnet "suite" ; a :GenreType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of separately identifiable 'MusicalComposition''s, connected conceptually in one or more ways, but recognized as separate pieces. RHW: 'suite': 5. Music. a. an ordered series of instrumental dances, in the same or related keys, commonly preceded by a prelude. b. an ordered series of instrumental movements of any character. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suite' in WordNet: 1. (2) suite - (a musical composition of several movements only loosely connected) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :MusicalComposition, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalComposition ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MusicalTempo :isAnAttributeValueOf :MusicalComposition ; :wnsense "pacing1n", "tempo1n" ; :wordnet "pacing", "tempo" ; a :MeasureType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MusicalTempo'' is a RateMeasure specifying the speed (e.g. in full notes per minute) at which a ''MusicalComposition'' is played. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tempo' in WordNet: 1. (2) tempo, pacing - ((music) the speed at which a composition is to be played) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RateMeasure . :MusicalTheme :wnsense "melodic theme1n", "musical theme1n", "theme3n" ; :wordnet "melodic theme", "musical theme", "theme" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MusicalTheme'' is a ''Melody'' that recurs within some ''MusicalComposition', ,often with some changes in deatail such as key. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theme' in WordNet: 3. theme, melodic theme, musical theme, idea - ((music) melodic subject of a musical composition; 'the theme is announced in the first measures'; 'the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Melody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MusicalComposition ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recurring ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MusicalTime :isAnAttributeValueOf :MusicalComposition ; :wnsense "musical time1n" ; :wordnet "musical time" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MusicalTime'' is an AttributeType of a ''MusicalComposition'' specifying some aspect of the rhythm. The speed in full notes per minute or second is represented by ''MusicalTempo''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'musical time' in WordNet: 1. musical time - ((music) the beat of musical rhythm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :Musician :guid "bd58ac07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "musician" ; :wnsense "musician1n" ; :wordnet "musician" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Artist. Each instance of this collection is an artist whose medium is #$Sound. Notable specializations of this collection include #$MusicalComposer and #$MusicalPerformer. Includes both senses of 'musician' (performer and composer) in WordNet, also includes singers: in WordNet: 1. (15) musician, instrumentalist, player - (someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)) 2. (3) musician - (artist who composes or conducts music as a profession) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheArtOfMusic ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Muskmelon :guid "c06775c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "muskmelon2n", "sweet melon2n" ; :wordnet "muskmelon", "sweet melon" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of melons belonging to the gourd family, including, e.g. cantaloupe and honeydew. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muskmelon' in Wordnet: 2. muskmelon, sweet melon - (the fruit of a muskmelon vine; any of several sweet melons related to cucumbers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitRind ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuskmelonPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :MuskmelonPlant :wnsense "Cucumis melo1n", "muskmelon1n", "sweet melon vine1n", "sweet melon1n" ; :wordnet "Cucumis melo", "muskmelon", "sweet melon", "sweet melon vine" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muskmelon' in WordNet: 1. sweet melon, muskmelon, sweet melon vine, Cucumis melo - (any of several varieties of vine whose fruit has a netted rind and edible flesh and a musky smell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MelonPlant . :MuslimGroup a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ReligiousGroup who identify themselves as 'Muslims' and consider Mohammed as the last prophet of Allah.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousGroup, :ReligiousGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MuslimPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :MuslimHoliday a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousHoliday'' celebrated by Muslim people.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousHoliday . :MuslimPerson :guid "c10077b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Moslem1n", "Muslim1n" ; :wordnet "Moslem", "Muslim" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all persons who believe in the basic fundamental tenets of Islam, or who practice Islamic religious rituals, or are recognized by other Muslims to be Muslims, or all of these. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muslim' in Wordnet: 1. Muslim, Moslem - (a believer in or follower of Islam) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :ReligiousPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FaithfulMuslims ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :MuslimPrayer a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any form of praying that is performed by observant Muslims, whether in a Mosque or elsewhere. Includes the five-times daily prayer. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousCeremony, :ReligiousRitual, :Worshipping . :MuslimWoman :en "muslim woman" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MuslimPerson, :Woman . :Muslin :wnsense "muslin1n" ; :wordnet "muslin" ; a :FabricType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance derived from the stalk of the Flax Plant, in a process of soaking in water called 'Retting'. RHW: a cotton fabric made in various degrees of fineness and often printed, woven, or embroidered in patterns, esp. a cotton fabric of plain weave, used for sheets and for a variety of other purposes. Coresponds to noun sense 1 of 'muslin' in WordNet: 1. muslin - (plain-woven cotton fabric) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, :FibrousSubstance, :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cellulose ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cotton ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CottonPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Mussel :guid "c0fb4df3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mussel2n" ; :wordnet "mussel" ; a :BeastType, :SpawnerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'Cockles and mussels, alive, alive-o!' (song: 'Molly Malone') Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mussel' in WordNet: 2. mussel - (marine or freshwater bivalve mollusk that lives attached to rocks etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mollusk . :Mussels :en "mussels" ; :enn "mussels" ; :wnsense "mussel1n" ; :wordnet "mussel" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mussels'' is the ''Seafood'' derived from one or more ''Musel''s. 'Cockles and mussels, alive, alive-o!' (song: 'Molly Malone') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mussel' in WordNet: 1. mussel - (black marine bivalves usually steamed in wine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seafood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mussel ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Mustachioed :en "moustached" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart :Moustache ; :wnsense "mustached1adj", "mustachioed1adj" ; :wordnet "mustached", "mustachioed" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of a person having a ''Moustache'' ('mustache'). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mustachioed' in WordNet: 1. mustachioed, mustached - (having a moustache) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Mustard :wnsense "mustard2n" ; :wordnet "mustard" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for ground mustard seeds as a powder or paste. The paste variety is represented as the subtype ''MustardPaste''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mustard' in WordNet: 2. mustard, table mustard - (pungent powder or paste prepared from ground mustard seeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MustardSeeds ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :MustardColor :guid "e2e0ff84-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brownish . :MustardPaste :wnsense "mustard2n", "table mustard1n" ; :wordnet "mustard", "table mustard" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (for the paste) of noun sense 2 of 'mustard' in WordNet: 2. mustard, table mustard - (pungent powder or paste prepared from ground mustard seeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mustard, :Paste, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spreadable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MustardPlant :en "mustard plant" ; :enn "mustard plant" ; :wnsense "mustard1n" ; :wordnet "mustard" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mustard' in WordNet: 1. mustard - (any of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CruciferousPlant . :MustardSeed :isDerivedFrom :MustardPlant ; :wnsense "mustard seed1n" ; :wordnet "mustard seed" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the WN entry seems to be for the 'seeds' as a substance; this type is for a single 'mustard seed. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'mustard seed' in WordNet: 1. mustard seed - (black or white seeds ground to make mustard pastes or powders) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MustardPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :MustardSeeds :isDerivedFrom :MustardPlant ; :wnsense "mustard seed1n" ; :wordnet "mustard seed" ; a :FoodType, :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MustardSeeds'' is a ''GranularSubstance'' consisting of many ''MustardSeed''s, gathered to be used as a type of Food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mustard seed' in WordNet: 1. mustard seed - (black or white seeds ground to make mustard pastes or powders) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :Seasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MustardSeed ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :Mustelidae :guid "bd58bfc7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Mustelidae1n", "family Mustelidae1n" ; :wordnet "Mustelidae", "family Mustelidae" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, :BiologicalFamily, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A group of mammalian carnivores or insectivores which typically have sinuous body shapes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mustelidae' in WordNet: 1. Mustelidae, family Mustelidae - (weasels; polecats; ferrets; minks; fishers; otters; badgers; skunks; wolverines; martens) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore . :Mutant :guid "c102d995-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mutant1n", "mutation1n", "sport6n", "variation9n" ; :wordnet "mutant", "mutation", "sport", "variation" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mutant'' is a ''Variant'' Organism (of any type) in which some gene present in the line of organisms that are its ancestors.has been changed by a change in the DNA or RNA that carries its genetic information. The mutated gene may or may not cause a difference in the 'phenotypic' characteristics of the ''Mutant''. The term 'mutant' is also used to refer to individuals who are instances of this type, but that sense is not represented here. NOTE: the process of 'mutation' can have many causes, and the CYC gloss indicating 'disorder' or 'RadioactiveStuff' is much too restrictive for this sense. The collection of organisms (people, plants, etc.) that have mutated away from their natural state, either through some genetic disorder or through some exposure to #$RadioactiveStuff. #$Mutants have a valid scientific status (especially with regard to plants and genetic experimentation), but the concept is often stretched into the realms of the fantastic in contexts such as that of #$Superhero and #$ComicBook (e.g., see #$Spiderman). . Includes but is broader than to noun sense 1 of 'mutant' (the ''characteristics' of this general type of Mutant may be undetectably different from the parent cell except by nucleic acid sequencing) in WordNet: 1. (1) mutant, mutation, variation, sport - ((biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, :Variant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mutating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mutated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Mutated :ened "mutated" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Organism ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Mutating ; :wnsense "mutant1adj" ; :wordnet "mutant" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mutated'' is an AttributeValue of an Organism whose genetic material (DNA or RNA) has been has been changed in some way that produces an *inheritable* change in the structure of the DNA or RNA. No WN sense for 'mutated'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mutant' in Wordnet: 1. mutant - (tending to undergo or resulting from mutation; 'a mutant gene') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Mutating :en "mutating" ; :wnsense "chromosomal mutation1n", "genetic mutation1n", "mutate1v", "mutation2n" ; :wordnet "chromosomal mutation", "genetic mutation", "mutate", "mutation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mutating'' is the intransitive Action of an Organism changing its genetic Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mutate' and noun sense 2 of 'mutation' in WordNet: 1. mutate - (undergo mutation; 'cells mutate') WN noun 'mutation': 2. mutation, genetic mutation, chromosomal mutation - ((genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mutant ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mutation ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Mutation :en "mutation" ; :enn "mutation" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Mutation'' is the ''BaseSequence'' in a ''NucleicAcidMolecule'' that differs from the ''BaseSequence'' in the same location in the NucleicAcidMolecule of a ''Mutant''. no specific WN sense for this meaning. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseSequence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mutant ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Mute :wnsense "dumb3adj", "mute2adj", "mute3adj", "silent6adj", "tongueless2adj" ; :wordnet "dumb", "mute", "silent", "tongueless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mute'' is the attribute of a Person who cannot speak from birth, due to some genetic or developmental anomaly. Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'mute' in Wordnet: 2. mute, tongueless - (lacking power of speech) 3. dumb, mute, silent - (unable to speak because of hereditary deafness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnableToSpeak . :Muted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MutingaDevice ; :wnsense "muted2adj" ; :wordnet "muted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Muted'' is for devices that have been completely sileced to the inaudible level. The is no corresponding WN sense, but sense 2 of WN'muted' can be interpreted as including this meaning. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'muted' in Wordnet: 2. dull, muffled, muted, softened - (being or made softer or less loud or clear; \"the dull boom of distant breaking waves\"; \"muffled drums\"; \"the muffled noises of the street\"; \"muted trumpets\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changed, :PastParticiple . :MutingaDevice :wnsense "mute1v" ; :wordnet "mute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MutingaDevice'' is a ''MufflingaSound'' in which the ''Sound'' is emitted by a Device that is designed to produce or capture sound (Television,, radio, computer, telephone, microphone, etc.) and has a 'mute' button or a sound level dial or some other method of decreasing the sound to an inaudible level, and has the 'mute' on so that it does not produce any sound, or for microphones, does not pick up and transmit any sound. Corresponds to part (muting) of verb sense 1 of 'muffle' in WordNet: 1. muffle, mute, dull, damp, dampen, tone down - (deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MufflingaSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalDevice ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silence ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inaudible ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :MutipleLabels :query """PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?type ?ldoce WHERE { ?type cosmo:ldoce ?ldoce. ?type cosmo:en ?en }""" ; a :SPARQL-Query . :Muttering :wnsense "maunder2v", "mumble1v", "mussitate1v", "mutter1v" ; :wordnet "maunder", "mumble", "mussitate", "mutter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Muttering'' is a Speaking in a faint and indistinct manner. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'mutter' in WordNet: 1. (19) mumble, mutter, maunder, mussitate - (talk indistinctly; usually in a low voice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking . :Mutton :guid "bd590188-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mutton1n" ; :wordnet "mutton" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Meat from domestic ''Sheep''. SUMO: Meat that was originally part of a Sheep. CYC: Raw meat of sheep. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mutton' in WordNet: 1. (2) mouton, mutton - (meat from a mature domestic sheep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sheep-Domestic ; owl:onProperty :isTheMeatOf ] . :Mutual :pertainsTo :GroupOfPeople ; :wnsense "mutual1adj", "reciprocal1adj" ; :wordnet "mutual", "reciprocal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - actions or feelings - that can be done or given between two or more people. The 'thing' that is mutual can be almost anything; there is no clear reason to attempt to limit the range of things this can be an attribute of. This term is sometimes conflated with the 'mutual' meaning 'shared in common' - see ''Shared''. NOTE: the expression of meaning for this adjective reuires FOL to describe the effects on all of the affected People. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of ''mutual' in Wordnet: WN adjective 'mutual': 2. reciprocal, mutual - (concerning each of two or more persons or things; especially given or done in return; 'reciprocal aid'; 'reciprocal trade'; 'mutual respect'; 'reciprocal privileges at other clubs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Mutually :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Mutual ; :wnsense "mutually1adv", "reciprocally2adv" ; :wordnet "mutually", "reciprocally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Mutually'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that can modify anattribute and an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify Actions. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'mutually' in Wordnet: 1. mutually, reciprocally - (in a mutual or shared manner; \"the agreement was mutually satisfactory\"; \"the goals of the negotiators were not reciprocally exclusive\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbialModifier . :MutuallyExclusive :wnsense "alternative2adj", "black-and-white3adj", "contradictory4adj", "mutually exclusive1adj", "mutually exclusive2adj" ; :wordnet "alternative", "black-and-white", "contradictory", "mutually exclusive" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''MutuallyExclusive'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' characterizing two or more alternatives that have no overlapping parts. For characterizing two alternatives with no overlap and no additional alternatives, use subtype ''Binary''. NOTE: WN has two senses, but these seem to be essentially the same meaning applied in different contexts. Without clear distinction of the contexts, the difference is hard to describe in logic. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'mutually exclusive' in Wordnet: 1. (3) contradictory, mutually exclusive - (unable to be both true at the same time) 2. alternative, mutually exclusive - (necessitating a choice between mutually exclusive possibilities; \"'either' and 'or' in 'either this or that'\") WN adj 'black-and-white': 3. black-and-white - (of a situation that is sharply divided into mutually exclusive categories; 'he rejected a black-and-white world'; 'there are no black-and-white certainties'; 'there were no grey areas, you were either for him or against him, he was all black-and-white') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Muzzle :guid "bd58e311-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Head ; :wnsense "muzzle2n", "neb1n", "snout1n" ; :wordnet "muzzle", "neb", "snout" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes 'snout' and'muzzle', the part of the Head that includes the Jaw and Nose, and projects (at least more than for most mammals). The terms are different but have similar meaning. Maybe a 'snout' is longer than a 'muzzle'?? For the exaggerated long 'snout' (''Muzzle'') of an animallike a ''Shrew'' (others?) use subtype ''LongSnout''. RHW 'snout':the part of an animal's head projecting forward and containing the nose and jaws; muzzle. 'muzzle: 2. the projecting part of the head of an animal, including jaws, mouth, and nose. See diag. under dog. Includes noun sense 2 of 'muzzle' and sense 1 of 'snout' in WordNet: 2. (2) muzzle - (forward projecting part of the head of certain animals; includes the jaws and nose) WN noun 'snout': 1. (1) snout, neb - (a long projecting or anterior elongation of an animal's head; especially the nose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Projection, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nose ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jaw ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :MyFishHook1 :isConnectedToDirectly :MyFishingLine1 ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :ConnectedFishHook . :MyFishingLine1 :isConnectedToDirectly :MyFishHook1 ; :isDesignedToSupport :FishHook ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :ConnectedFishingLine . :MyLineAndHook1 :hasComponentElement :MyFishHook1, :MyFishingLine1 ; a :FishingLineAndHook ; rdfs:comment """This instance of ''FishingLineAndHook'' is added as a test of the representation of a ''ConnectedPair'' of objects. """ . :Myanmar a :Country . :Mysterious :ldoce "mysterious" ; :wnsense "mysterious2adj", "mystic1adj", "mystical3adj", "occult2adj", "orphic2adj", "secret2adj" ; :wordnet "mysterious", "mystic", "mystical", "occult", "orphic", "secret" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of events or propositions for which there is no obvious explanation. In COSMO, to be 'Mysterious' is to be interesting (to whomever considers it mysterious). This AttributeValue applies to events or states whse explanation, origin, or significance are difficut to understand. For texts that are difficult to understand, use 'DifficultToUnderstand'. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'mysterious' in WordNet, but does not include the sense of 'mysterious' meaning 'difficult to understand' in WordNet: 2. (4) mysterious, mystic, mystical, occult, secret, orphic - (having an import not apparent to the senses nor obvious to the intelligence; beyond ordinary understanding; 'mysterious symbols'; 'the mystical style of Blake'; 'occult lore'; 'the secret learning of the ancients') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interesting . :MysteriousProblem :ldoce "mystery" ; :wnsense "mystery1n" ; :wordnet "mystery" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A problemTobeSolved is a set of logical assertions (not a satte of the world - that is a 'ProblemSituation') that have some aspects whose causes or origins cannot be easily explained by most people. This is the set of assertions that describe a 'Mystery' Corresponds approximately to part of sense 1 of 'mystery' in WordNet; however, WN 'mystery' is a subtype of state of mind, whereas in COSMO it is the set of assertions in the mind of a person aware of the Mystery; the Mystery itslef is a state of the world that is mysterious. in WordNet: 1. (18) mystery, enigma, secret, closed book - (something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained; 'how it got out is a mystery'; 'it remains one of nature's secrets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProblemToBeSolved, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Mystery ] . :Mysteriously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :DifficultToUnderstand, :Enigmatic, :Mysterious ; :wnsense "cryptically1adv", "enigmatically1adv", "mysteriously1adv" ; :wordnet "cryptically", "enigmatically", "mysteriously" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'mysteriously' in Wordnet: 1. cryptically, enigmatically, mysteriously - (in a cryptic manner; 'we will meet again,' he said cryptically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Mystery :ldoce "mystery" ; :wnsense "mystery1n" ; :wordnet "mystery" ; a :EventType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event or State that is Mysterious (difficult to understand), or presents questions that need to be answered for which the answer requires some investigation. NOTE: the set of logical assertions that describe such a state of the world is represented by 'MysteriousProblem', which is also labeled by the word 'mystery'. The mysterious Event or State includes occurrences or relations that are mysterious. In WN, 'mystery' is a subtype of state of mind; in COSMO, the state of perplexity that WN represents would be a MentalState that arises from becoming aware of the Mystery (the awareness of the mystery would be in having knowledge that is of the type 'MysteriousProblem'). The set of assertions consituting a 'MysteriousProblem' and the state of mind that has that 'MysteriousProblem' as a concern would be generated by a person becoming aware of the 'Mystery', i.e. the mysterious state of the world. The state of mind referred to in the WN representation would, in COSMO, be represented by a 'MysteriousProblem', which is an Assertion that would be in the knowledge store of a person who is aware of the Mystery; that relation is represented in COSMO by relating this type 'Mystery' to a 'MysteriousProblem' by the relation 'isTheMainTopicOf'. Corresponds approximately to part of sense 1 of 'mystery' in WordNet; however, WN 'mystery' is a subtype of state of mind, whereas in COSMO it is a state of the external world that is mysterious. in WordNet: 1. (18) mystery, enigma, secret, closed book - (something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained; 'how it got out is a mystery'; 'it remains one of nature's secrets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProblemSituation, :Situation-Localized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mysterious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MysteriousProblem ] . :MysteryStory :ldoce "mystery" ; :wnsense "mystery story1n", "mystery2n" ; :wordnet "mystery", "mystery story" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MysteryStory' is a fictional 'ProseLiteraryWork' that centers around a DifficultToUnderstand phenomenon, for which at least one of the protagonists are seeking an explanation. A 'MysteryStory' usually is about attempts to solve a crime, often a Murder, but it can be about other topics. For the specific prose work of a murder mystery, use 'MurderMystry'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'mystery' in WordNet: 2. mystery, mystery story, whodunit - (a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalContext, :ProseLiteraryWork, :Story, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemSituation ] . :Mystical :wnsense "extrasensory1adj", "mystic2adj", "mystic3adj", "mystical1adj", "mystical2adj", "paranormal1adj", "paranormal2adj" ; :wordnet "extrasensory", "mystic", "mystical", "paranormal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Mystical'' is an AttributeValue for Events or assertions that are based on a belief in non-physical phenomena perceivable by means other than the senses (with or without instruents to help). This attribute collects all of the claimed non-physical phenomena and abilities together (other than religious), including 'paranormal' and 'mystical' - hard to distinguish these logically. But truly 'supernatural' (not acording to the ''LawOfNature') phenomena are categorized by the attribute ''Supernatural''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'mystical' in Wordnet: 1. (1) mystic, mystical - (relating to or characteristic of mysticism; 'mystical religion') 2. mystic, mystical - (relating to or resembling mysticism; 'mystical intuition'; 'mystical theories about the securities market') WN adj 'paranormal': 1. extrasensory, paranormal - (seemingly outside normal sensory channels) 2. paranormal - (not in accordance with scientific laws; 'what seemed to be paranormal manifestations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :MysticalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """MysticalType is a metatype used as a way to label concepts that are derived from mythical or mystical or religious beliefs, and cannot be relied on for reproducible scientific observations or use in objective considerations, other than to reason about beliefs per se.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :MysticalVision :wnsense "vision5n" ; :wordnet "vision" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MysticalVision'' is an ''Apparition'' that is also a religious or mystical experience, and the ''Phantom'' produced is of something with religious significance, often an image of the'Virgin Mary'. This is not necessarily a ''Myatical'' or ''Supernatural'' Event, though the Person perceiving a vision may consider it as such This could be merely a psychological phenomenon. This type does not specify which such a vision might be. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vision' in WordNet: 5. (1) vision - (a religious or mystical experience of a supernatural appearance; 'he had a vision of the Virgin Mary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Apparition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousFigure ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ] . :Myth :ldoce "myth" ; :wnsense "myth1n" ; :wordnet "myth" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Myth' is a story at least part of whose content is something mythical, and which is believed withing some tradition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'myth' in WordNet: 1. (14) myth - (a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalContext, :Story, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :MythicalThing ] . :Mythical :wnsense "fabulous2adj", "mythic2adj", "mythical1adj", "mythologic1adj", "mythological1adj" ; :wordnet "fabulous", "mythic", "mythical", "mythologic", "mythological" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Mythical' is the AttributeValue of imaginary things (such as fairies, unicorns, gods, leprechauns and other spirits) that do not exist in the physical world but are or were believed to exist by some group of people of significant number, often a significant fraction of some culture. It is distinguished from the more general 'imaginary' in its degree of acceptance - actual belief as real and not fictional - by numbers of people. The borderline between 'Mythical' and other 'Imaginary' things is fuzzy, and should be resolved by classifying things as Imaginary if they do not seem to be widely accepted enough to qualify as Mythical. NOTE that to assert that things are 'Mythical' does not necessarily mean that they cannot exist, but that they violate the laws of physics and therefore cannot be considered part of the known physical world. If something considered as Mythical is shown to exist (due to some new principle of physics, or undisputed revelation from some extraphysical entity) it will become part of the 'physical world' and would not be 'Mythical' in this classification. An application ontology may decide to classify or not classify the currently widely accepted One God or other gods (e.g. Shiva) as 'Mythical', but the generic 'God' is not specified in COSMO as Mythical and may be treated as Real. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 of 'mythical'and 'mythological' and sense 2 of 'fabulous' in WordNet: 1. (1) fabulous, mythic, mythical, mythologic, mythological - (based on or told of in traditional stories; lacking factual basis or historical validity; 'mythical centaurs'; 'the fabulous unicorn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imaginary . :MythicalPlace :wnsense "fictitious place1n", "imaginary place1n", "mythical place1n" ; :wordnet "fictitious place", "imaginary place", "mythical place" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'MythicalPlace' is the type representing all Places that are not in the physical universe, such as Heaven (of which there may be several interpretations) or Valhalla. This is not for places that are known to be purely fictional. but for Places that are not in this universe but are or were actually believed (not merely theorized) to exist, by more than a few people in some culture. This is not the same as being Fictional, athough some places that are mythical may have been fictional before they came to be believed in some culture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mythical place' in WordNet: 1. imaginary place, mythical place, fictitious place - (a place that exists only in imagination; a place said to exist in fictional or religious writings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MythicalThing, :Place, :SalientThing . :MythicalThing :CYC "MythologicalThing" ; :en "mythical thing", "mythological thing" ; :guid "c0f7e666-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MythicalThing is anything that is believed by some people to exist that violates known laws of physics; anything that is 'Mythical' (which see). Spirits that are part of a monotheistic or other currently widely accepted belief system are not specified in COSMO as 'Mythical' but could be thus specified in an Application ontology without logical contradiction. NOTE that a Myth is not iself a MythicalThing (it may be quite real), but its *topic* is something Mythical. In Cyc called 'MythologicalThing' Cyc: The collection of all #$TemporalThings (beings, magical artifacts, spells, etc.) appearing in myths or legends but not extant in the world modeled by the KB in which something is asserted to be an instance of this. This collection should have no instances in #$BaseKB or other general microtheories, but be restricted to microtheories dealing with the real world or some fictional world. Note that stories about #$MythologicalThings are not themselves #$MythologicalThings. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mythical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :MythologicalMonster :en "mythological monster" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MythologicalMonster'' is a ''Monster' (a Fictional thing) that occurs in some mythology. mythological monster """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Monster, :MythicalThing . :Mythology :wnsense "mythology1n" ; :wordnet "mythology" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Mythology' is th Group of ''Myth''s that are believed (or at least considered part of the traditional culture) by some GroupOfPeople.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mythology' in WordNet: 1. (3) mythology - (myths collectively; the body of stories associated with a culture or institution or person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Myth ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :N :en "N" ; :ldoce "no" ; a :YesOrNo . :NAFTA :wasCreatedBy :CanadaMexicoAndUSA ; a :Treaty ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'NAFTA' in WordNet: 1. North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA - (an agreement for free trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico; became effective in 1994 for ten years) """ . :NCC_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment "The prefix used for terms derived from the NIEM common core model." . :NJTurnpikeDefaultSpeedLimit :hasLimitValue :N_65MPH ; a :LegalSpeedLimit ; rdfs:comment """The legal speed limit for vehicles on most parts of the New Jersey Turnpike.""" . :NTupleOfIntervals :guid "bd58ec55-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Tuple (q.v.). Each instance of #$NTupleOfIntervals is a tuple whose members (see #$memberOfTuple) are all scalar intervals. Notable specializations of #$NTupleOfIntervals include #$ScalarInterval (whose instances are single-membered tuples), #$VectorInterval, and #$ComplexNumber.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tuple . :NUC_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment "The prefix used for terms derived from the NIEM universal core model." . :N_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for terms which represent instances of numbers, or which begin with numbers, such as 'N_25PerCent' to represent the quantity '25 per cent'. One can, for example, create an instance of Number 'N_3d14159' to represent an approximation to pi ('d' erpresents the decimal point), or 'N_2' to represent the number 2. Fractions may be represented by inserting a dollar sign between the numerator and denominator, e.g. five-fourths would be represented by 'N_5$4'.""" . :N_0 :hasNumericalValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "zero" ; :wnsense "zero2n" ; :wordnet "zero" ; a :NonnegativeInt ; rdfs:comment """'N_0' is the instance of Integer representing the number 0 (zero). NOTE; see also 'nothing' and 'EmptySet' for concepts related to nothing. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'zero' in Wordnet; for the adjective sense 1 of 'no' in WordNet use 'NoneOf': in WordNet: 2. (3) zero, 0, nought, cipher, cypher - (a mathematical element that when added to another number yields the same number) """ . :N_1 :hasNumericalValue "1"^^xsd:float ; a :NonnegativeInt . a :FractionFrom0to1 . a :Number . a :Number . :N_10 :hasNumericalValue "10"^^xsd:float ; :isApproximatelyEqualTo :N_9 ; :isGreaterThan :N_9 ; :wnsense "ten1n" ; :wordnet "ten" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ten' in WordNet: 1. (8) ten, 10, X, tenner, decade - (the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system) """ . :N_100 :hasNumericalValue "100"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "100", "hundred" ; :wnsense "hundred1adj", "hundred1n" ; :wordnet "hundred" ; a :NonnegativeInt ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun and adjective sense of 'hundred' in WordNet: 1. (22) hundred, 100, C, century, one C, centred - (ten 10s) """ . :N_1000 :hasNumericalValue "1000"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "1000", "thousand" ; :wnsense "thousand1adj", "thousand1n" ; :wordnet "thousand" ; a :NonnegativeInt ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun and adjective sense of 'thousand' in WordNet: 1. (24) thousand, one thousand, 1000, M, K, chiliad, G, grand, thou, yard - (the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100) WN adj 'thousand': 1. (14) thousand, one thousand, 1000, m, k - (denoting a quantity consisting of 1,000 items or units) """ . :N_1000000 :hasNumericalValue "1000000"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "1000", "million" ; :wnsense "million1adj", "million1n" ; :wordnet "million" ; a :NonnegativeInt ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun and adjective sense of 'million' in WordNet: 1. (16) million, 1000000, one thousand thousand, meg - (the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros) WN adj 'million': 1. (36) million - ((in Roman numerals, M written with a macron over it) denoting a quantity consisting of 1,000,000 items or units) """ . :N_1000000000 :hasNumericalValue "1000000000"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "billion3n", "one thousand million1n" ; :wordnet "billion", "one thousand million" ; a :NonnegativeInt ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'billion' in WordNet: 3. billion, one thousand million, 1000000000 - (the number that is represented as a one followed by 9 zeros) """ . :N_11 :hasNumericalValue "11"^^xsd:float ; :isAlmostTheSameAs :N_10 ; :isGreaterThan :N_10 ; :wnsense "eleven1n" ; :wordnet "eleven" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eleven' in WordNet: 1. eleven, 11, XI - (the cardinal number that is the sum of ten and one) """ . :N_12 :hasNumericalValue "12"^^xsd:float ; :isAlmostTheSameAs :N_11 ; :isGreaterThan :N_11 ; :wnsense "twelve1n" ; :wordnet "twelve" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twelve' in WordNet: 1. (1) twelve, 12, XII, dozen - (the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one) """ . :N_13 :hasNumericalValue "13"^^xsd:float ; :isAlmostTheSameAs :N_12 ; :isGreaterThan :N_12 ; :wnsense "thirteen1n" ; :wordnet "thirteen" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirteen' in WordNet: 1. (1) thirteen, 13, XIII, baker's dozen, long dozen - (the cardinal number that is the sum of twelve and one) """ . :N_14 :hasNumericalValue "14"^^xsd:float ; :isAlmostTheSameAs :N_13 ; :isGreaterThan :N_13 ; :wnsense "fourteen1n" ; :wordnet "fourteen" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fourteen' in WordNet 1. (1) fourteen, 14, XIV - (the cardinal number that is the sum of thirteen and one) """ . :N_15 :hasNumericalValue "15"^^xsd:float ; :isAlmostTheSameAs :N_14 ; :isGreaterThan :N_14 ; :wnsense "fifteen1n" ; :wordnet "fifteen" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fifteen' in WordNet: 1. (1) fifteen, 15, XV - (the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one) """ . :N_16 :hasNumericalValue "16"^^xsd:float ; :isAlmostTheSameAs :N_15 ; :isGreaterThan :N_15 ; :wnsense "sixteen1n" ; :wordnet "sixteen" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixteen' in WordNet: 1. sixteen, 16, XVI - (the cardinal number that is the sum of fifteen and one) """ . :N_17 :hasNumericalValue "17"^^xsd:float ; :isAlmostTheSameAs :N_16 ; :isGreaterThan :N_16 ; :wnsense "seventeen1n" ; :wordnet "seventeen" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seventeen' in WordNet: 1. seventeen, 17, XVII - (the cardinal number that is the sum of sixteen and one) """ . :N_18 :hasNumericalValue "18"^^xsd:float ; :isAlmostTheSameAs :N_17 ; :isGreaterThan :N_17 ; :wnsense "eighteen1n" ; :wordnet "eighteen" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eighteen' in WordNet: 1. eighteen, 18, XVIII -- (the cardinal number that is the sum of seventeen and one) """ . :N_19 :hasNumericalValue "19"^^xsd:float ; :isAlmostTheSameAs :N_18 ; :isGreaterThan :N_18 ; :wnsense "nineteen1n" ; :wordnet "nineteen" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nineteen' in WordNet: 1. (2) nineteen, 19, XIX - (the cardinal number that is the sum of eighteen and one) """ . :N_1_10 :hasDenominator :N_10 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.10"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "one-tenth1n", "ten percent1n", "tenth part1n", "tenth1n" ; :wordnet "one-tenth", "ten percent", "tenth", "tenth part" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :RationalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one tenth' in WordNet: 1. (1) one-tenth, tenth, tenth part, ten percent - (a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts) """ . :N_1_100 :hasDenominator :N_100 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.010"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "hundredth2n", "one percent1n", "one-hundredth1n" ; :wordnet "hundredth", "one percent", "one-hundredth" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :RationalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one hundredth' in WordNet: 1. one-hundredth, hundredth, one percent - (one part in a hundred equal parts) """ . :N_1_1000 :en "one thousandth" ; :hasDenominator :N_1000 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.0010"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "one-thousandth1n", "thousandth2n" ; :wordnet "one-thousandth", "thousandth" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :RationalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one thousandth' in WordNet: 1. (1) one-thousandth, thousandth - (one part in a thousand equal parts) """ . :N_1_2 :en "one half" ; :hasDenominator :N_2 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.5"^^xsd:float ; :hasSynonym :Half ; :ldoce "half" ; :wnsense "half1n", "one-half1n" ; :wordnet "half", "one-half" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :Ratio, :RationalNumber, :Synonym ; rdfs:comment """A PositiveRealNumber equal to one-half , or 0.5000... WordNet noun: in WordNet: 1. (42) one-half, half - (one of two equal parts of a divisible whole; 'half a loaf'; 'half an hour'; 'a century and one half') """ . :N_1_3 :en "one of three", "one out of three", "one third", "one-of-three" ; :hasDenominator :N_3 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.333333333333333"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "one-third1n", "third1n", "tierce3n" ; :wordnet "one-third", "third", "tierce" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :RationalNumber, :Synonym ; rdfs:comment """One-Third, the RationalNumber that can be represented as 1/3 or 0.3333333333.... Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one-third' in WordNet: 1. (7) one-third, third, tierce - (one of three equal parts of a divisible whole; 'it contains approximately a third of the minimum daily requirement') """ . :N_1_4 :en "one fourth" ; :hasDenominator :N_4 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.25"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "quarter" ; :wnsense "fourth2n", "one-fourth1n", "quarter1n", "quartern1n", "twenty-five percent1n" ; :wordnet "fourth", "one-fourth", "quarter", "quartern", "twenty-five percent" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :Ratio, :RationalNumber, :Synonym ; rdfs:comment """One-Quarter, the RationalNumber that can be represented as 1/4 or 0.25. See also 'QuarterPart'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'quarter' in WordNet (this is the number sense; for the part sense, use 'QuarterPart': 1. (7) one-fourth, fourth, quarter, fourth part, twenty-five percent, quartern - (one of four equal parts; 'a quarter of a pound') """ . :N_1_5 :en "one fifth" ; :hasDenominator :N_5 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.20"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "fifth part1n", "fifth3n", "one-fifth1n", "twenty percent1n" ; :wordnet "fifth", "fifth part", "one-fifth", "twenty percent" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :RationalNumber, :Synonym ; rdfs:comment """One-Fifth, the RationalNumber that can be represented as 1/5 or 0.20. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one-fifth' in WordNet: 1. (3) one-fifth, fifth, fifth part, twenty percent - (one part in five equal parts) """ . :N_1_6 :en "one sixth" ; :hasDenominator :N_6 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.16666666666666"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "one-sixth1n", "sixth2n" ; :wordnet "one-sixth", "sixth" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :RationalNumber, :Synonym ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one-sixth' in WordNet: 1. one-sixth, sixth - (one part in six equal parts) """ . :N_1_7 :hasDenominator :N_7 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.14141414141414"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "one-seventh1n", "seventh2n" ; :wordnet "one-seventh", "seventh" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :RationalNumber, :Synonym ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one seventh' in WordNet: 1. one-seventh, seventh - (one part in seven equal parts) """ . :N_1_8 :hasDenominator :N_8 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.125"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "eighth2n", "one eighth1n", "one-eighth1n" ; :wordnet "eighth", "one eighth", "one-eighth" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :RationalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one eighth' in WordNet: 1. (2) one-eighth, eighth - (one part in eight equal parts) """ . :N_1_9 :hasDenominator :N_9 ; :hasNumerator :N_1 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.11111111111111"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "ninth2n", "one ninth1n", "one-ninth1n" ; :wordnet "ninth", "one ninth", "one-ninth" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :NthRatio, :RationalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one ninth' in WordNet: 1. one-ninth, ninth - (one part in nine equal parts) """ . :N_2 :hasNumericalValue "2"^^xsd:float ; :isGreaterThan :N_1 ; :isWithinAnOrderOfMagnitudeOf :N_1 ; :ldoce "two" ; :wnsense "two1n" ; :wordnet "two" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'two' in WordNet: 1. (33) two, 2, II, deuce - (the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number) """ . :N_20 :hasNumericalValue "20"^^xsd:float ; :isGreaterThan :N_19 ; :wnsense "twenty1n" ; :wordnet "twenty" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty' in WordNet: 1. (1) twenty, 20, XX - (the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one) """ . :N_21 :hasNumericalValue "21"^^xsd:float ; :isGreaterThan :N_20 ; :wnsense "211n", "XXI1n", "twenty-one1n" ; :wordnet "21", "XXI", "twenty-one" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty-one' in WordNet: 1. (1) twenty-one, 21, XXI - (the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty and one) """ . :N_23 a :PositiveRealNumber . :N_25 :hasNumericalValue "25"^^xsd:float ; :isGreaterThan :N_21 ; :wnsense "twenty-five1n" ; :wordnet "twenty-five" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty five' in WordNet: 1. twenty-five, 25, XXV - (the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-four and one) """ . :N_250 :en "250", "two hundred fifty" ; :enn "250", "two hundred fifty" ; :hasNumericalValue "250"^^xsd:float ; :isGreaterThan :N_50 ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ """ . a :RationalNumber . :N_29029 a :RealNumber . :N_299792458 a :PositiveRealNumber . :N_2_3 :hasDenominator :N_3 ; :hasNumerator :N_2 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.6666666666666666"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "two-thirds1n" ; :wordnet "two-thirds" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :Ratio, :RationalNumber, :Synonym ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'two-thirds' in WordNet: 1. (3) two-thirds - (two of three equal parts of a divisible whole) """ . :N_3 :hasNumericalValue "3"^^xsd:float ; :isGreaterThan :N_2 ; :isWithinaFactorOfTwoOf :N_2 ; :ldoce "three" ; :wnsense "three1n" ; :wordnet "three" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'three' in WordNet: 1. (19) three, 3, III, trio, threesome, tierce, leash, troika, triad, trine, trinity, ternary, ternion, triplet, tercet, terzetto, trey, deuce-ace - (the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one) """ . :N_30 :hasNumericalValue "30"^^xsd:float ; :isGreaterThan :N_25 ; :wnsense "301n", "XXX1n", "thirty1n" ; :wordnet "30", "XXX", "thirty" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirty' in WordNet: 1. (2) thirty, 30, XXX - (the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three) """ . :N_3_2 :hasDenominator :N_2 ; :hasNumerator :N_3 ; :hasNumericalValue "1.5"^^xsd:float ; a :Ratio, :RationalNumber . :N_3_4 :en "three-quarters" ; :enn "three-quarters" ; :hasDenominator :N_4 ; :hasNumerator :N_3 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.75"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "three-fourths1n" ; :wordnet "three-fourths" ; a :FractionFrom0to1, :Ratio, :RationalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'three-fourths' in WordNet: 1. three-fourths - (three of four equal parts; 'three-fourths of a pound') """ . :N_4 :hasNumericalValue "4"^^xsd:float ; :isApproximatelyEqualTo :N_3, :N_5 ; :isGreaterThan :N_3 ; :ldoce "four" ; :wnsense "41n", "IV1n", "Little Joe1n", "four1n", "foursome2n", "quadruplet1n", "quartet1n", "quatern1n", "quaternary2n", "quaternity1n", "tetrad1n" ; :wordnet "4", "IV", "Little Joe", "four", "foursome", "quadruplet", "quartet", "quatern", "quaternary", "quaternity", "tetrad" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'four' in WordNet: 1. (15) four, 4, IV, tetrad, quatern, quaternion, quaternary, quaternity, quartet, quadruplet, foursome, Little Joe - (the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one) """ . a :RealNumber . :N_40 :hasNumericalValue "40"^^xsd:float ; :isGreaterThan :N_25 ; :wnsense "forty1n" ; :wordnet "forty" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forty' in WordNet: 1. forty, 40, XL - (the cardinal number that is the product of ten and four) """ . :N_4000000 :hasNumericalValue "4000000.0"^^xsd:float ; a :NonnegativeInt . :N_5 :hasNumericalValue "5"^^xsd:float ; :isApproximatelyEqualTo :N_4, :N_6 ; :isGreaterThan :N_4 ; :ldoce "five" ; :wnsense "five1n" ; :wordnet "five" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'five' in WordNet: 1. (4) five, 5, V, cinque, quint, quintet, fivesome, quintuplet, pentad, fin, Phoebe, Little Phoebe - (the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one) """ . :N_50 :hasNumericalValue "50"^^xsd:float ; :isGreaterThan :N_25 ; :wnsense "501n", "fifty1n" ; :wordnet "50", "fifty" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fifty' in WordNet: 1. (1) fifty, 50, L - (the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five) """ . :N_5000 :hasNumericalValue "5000"^^xsd:float ; a :NonnegativeInt . :N_5880000000000 :hasNumericalValue "5880000000000"^^xsd:float ; a :NonnegativeInt . :N_5880BillionMiles :hasQuantifier :N_5880000000000 ; :hasUnit :miles ; a :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'LengthMeasure' with a value of '1 feet'. NOTE that this is a measure of length, *not* a region location in space that has a length of one foot. """ . :N_5_2 :hasDenominator :N_2 ; :hasNumerator :N_5 ; :hasNumericalValue "2.5"^^xsd:float ; a :Ratio, :RationalNumber . :N_6 :hasNumericalValue "6"^^xsd:float ; :isApproximatelyEqualTo :N_5, :N_7 ; :isGreaterThan :N_5 ; :ldoce "six" ; :wnsense "six1n" ; :wordnet "six" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'six' in WordNet: 1. (6) six, 6, VI, sixer, sise, Captain Hicks, half a dozen, sextet, sestet, sextuplet, hexad - (the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one) """ . :N_61p15 :hasApproximateValue "61.15"^^xsd:float ; a :PositiveRealNumber . :N_65 a :PositiveRealNumber . :N_65MPH :hasFirstElement :MilesPerHour ; :hasQuantifier :N_65 ; :hasSecondElement :N_65 ; :hasUnit :MilesPerHour ; a :SpeedMeasure ; rdfs:comment "The land speed of 65 miles per hour." . :N_7 :hasNumericalValue "7"^^xsd:float ; :isApproximatelyEqualTo :N_6, :N_8 ; :isGreaterThan :N_6 ; :ldoce "seven" ; :wnsense "seven1n" ; :wordnet "seven" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seven' in WordNet: 1. (3) seven, 7, VII, sevener, heptad, septet, septenary - (the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one) """ . :N_74 a :Number . :N_760 :hasNumericalValue "760"^^xsd:float ; a :NonnegativeInt . :N_8 :hasNumericalValue "8"^^xsd:float ; :isApproximatelyEqualTo :N_7, :N_9 ; :isGreaterThan :N_7 ; :ldoce "eight" ; :wnsense "eight1n" ; :wordnet "eight" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'eight' in WordNet: 1. eight, 8, VIII, eighter, eighter from Decatur, octad, ogdoad, octonary, octet - (the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one) """ . :N_9 :hasNumericalValue "9"^^xsd:float ; :isApproximatelyEqualTo :N_8 ; :isGreaterThan :N_8 ; :ldoce "nine" ; :wnsense "nine1n" ; :wordnet "nine" ; a :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveInteger ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nine' in WordNet: 1. (5) nine, 9, IX, niner, Nina from Carolina, ennead - (the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one) """ . :N_90 a :PositiveRealNumber . :Naif :wnsense "naif1n" ; :wordnet "naif" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'naif' in WordNet: 1. naif - (a naive or inexperienced person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Naive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Nail :guid "bd58a9b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "nail" ; :wnsense "nail2n" ; :wordnet "nail" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An AttachingDevice which is a thin piece of metal, with a 'head' broader than the shaft, that is fastened with a hammer, or with a powered nail driver. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nail' in WordNet: 2. (3) nail - (a thin pointed piece of metal that is hammered into materials as a fastener) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :Fastener, :PointyEndedObject, :Shaft, :SmallObject . :Nail-AnimalBodyPart :guid "bd58c9bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "nail" ; :wnsense "nail1n" ; :wordnet "nail" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is broadly used for the hard coverings over fingers and toes of mammals and birds and also the ends of the arms of crustaceans (lobster claw). CYC: Hard covering over fingers and toes. For fingernails, use 'Fingernail'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fingernail' and part of sense 1 of 'nail' in WordNet: 1. (3) nail - (horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Protrusion . :NailBrush :en "nail brush", "nail-brush" ; :wnsense "nailbrush1n" ; :wordnet "nailbrush" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small Brush with bristles no longer than 2 cm, used for cleaning fingernails. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nail brush' in WordNet: 1. nailbrush - (a brush used to clean a person's fingernails) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brush, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortBristles ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :NailHead :wnsense "nailhead2n" ; :wordnet "nailhead" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NailHead'' is the disk=shaped part of a ''Nail'', at the end of the ''NailShaft', which serves to provde a flat surfact which is struck by a hammer.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nailhead' in WordNet: 2. nailhead - (flattened boss on the end of nail opposite to the point) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, :PartOfanArtifact, :Protrusion, :Shaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nail ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NailShaft ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :NailPolish :isUsedInAction :ApplyingNailPolish ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Makeup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingNailPolish ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :NailShaft :en "nail shaft" ; :enn "nail shaft" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NailShaft'' is the shaft-like part of a ''Nail'', having a ''NailHead'' at its end.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinObject, :PartOfanArtifact, :PointyEndedObject, :Shaft, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nail ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Nailing :guid "bd58aa8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nail1v" ; :wordnet "nail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Nailing'' is the act of driving a ''Nail'' throgh one SolidObject and into another,so as to create a bond between the two objects. This act can be repeated any number of times between the same two objects, so as to make the bond stronger. This Action can be done by ''HammeringANail'' or by using a 'nail gun', or by hitting the nail with any hard enough object, not necessarily a ''Hammer''. CYC: Connecting solid objects together with a #$Nail. Usually involves connecting wooden objects. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nail' in WordNet: 1. (8) nail - (attach something somewhere by means of nails; 'nail the board onto the wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nail ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nail ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BondingConnection ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HammeringANail ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Naive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Naif, :Person ; :wnsense "naif1adj", "naive1adj" ; :wordnet "naif", "naive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'naive' in Wordnet: 1. (6) naive, naif - (marked by or showing unaffected simplicity and lack of guile or worldly experience; 'a teenager's naive ignorance of life'; 'the naive assumption that things can only get better'; 'this naive simple creature with wide friendly eyes so eager to believe appearances') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NaiveRealism :wnsense "naive realism1n", "realism2n" ; :wordnet "naive realism", "realism" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :MentalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'naive realism' in WordNet: 1. realism, naive realism - ((philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that physical objects continue to exist when not perceived) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhilosophicalSchool . :Naked :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :guid "61607f02-6e9e-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Nakedness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Clothing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Clothed ; :ldoce "bare" ; :wnsense "au naturel1adj", "bare1adj", "naked1adj", "nude1adj" ; :wordnet "au naturel", "bare", "naked", "nude" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a Person who is wearing no clothing. In Cyc the term 'nude' is used for a person who is Naked. In COSMO the Cyc term is reinterpreted as the attribute, and made a synonym of 'Naked'. Cyc ('Nude') Having absolutely no clothing on. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'naked', sense 1 of 'bare' and adjective sense 1 of 'nude' in WordNet: 1. (2) bare, au naturel, naked, nude - (completely unclothed; 'bare bodies'; 'naked from the waist up'; 'a nude model') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bare, :Barefoot, :Topless . :Nakedness :wnsense "nakedness1n", "nudeness1n", "nudity1n" ; :wordnet "nakedness", "nudeness", "nudity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nakedness'' is the state, of some PhysicalObject (usually a person) that is ''Naked'', i.e. having clothing (or other form of covering?) to hide the fullobject from view. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nakedness' in WordNet: 1. (1) nakedness, nudity, nudeness - (the state of being without clothing or covering of any kind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Naked ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :Namaste :wnsense "high-five1n" ; :wordnet "high-five" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Namaste'' is a greeting used by people in the Hindu culture, especially in india, in which the Person says 'namaste or 'namaste ji' while holding the two hands together in a ''PrayingHandsGesture''. No WN sense RHW 'namaste': a conventional Hindu expression on meeting or parting, used by the speaker usually while holding the palms together vertically in front of the bosom. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GesturingWithTheHands, :GreetingGesture, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothHands ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrayingHandsGesture ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Name :ldoce "name" ; :wnsense "name1n" ; :wordnet "name" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Name is intended to refer to proper names assigned to individuals - people, corporations, ships, pet animals, brand names for products, wars or battles or other events; also strings that are not proper Names are included, such as the labels for types in an ontology, etc. For the name of a Person, use 'PersonName'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'name' in WordNet: 1. (698) name - - (a language unit by which a person or thing is known; 'his name really is George Washington'; 'those are two names for the same thing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Identifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :NameString ] . :NameList :en "name list" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NameList'' is a list of Names of individuals, usually people or Organizations. Such a List may be part of a table that includes information about the named individuals in other columns of the table, as in a Directory. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Name ] . :NameString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A NameString an AbstractString that was created as an Identifier for some individual Entity. This can be any name, first, last, ful, nickname, alias."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :IdentifierString . :Named :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Naming ; :wnsense "called1adj", "named1adj" ; :wordnet "called", "named" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Named'' is the attribute of something that is the *object (*patient) of a ''Namning'' action, in which any type of thing is assigned a term which is subsequently used to refer to that Thing. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'named' in Wordnet: 1. (12) called, named - (given or having a specified name; 'they called his name Jesus'; 'forces...which Empedocles called 'love' and 'hate''; 'an actor named Harold Lloyd'; 'a building in Cardiff named the Temple of Peace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Namely :wnsense "namely1adv", "that is to say1adv", "videlicet1adv", "viz.1adv" ; :wordnet "namely", "that is to say", "videlicet", "viz." ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Namely' is Adverb that is used in a manner similar to a Preposition, to introduce a Phrase. It signifies that the following phrase is one or more of the things mentioned in the immediate preceding part of a sentence. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'namely' in WordNet: 1. (9) namely, viz., that is to say, videlicet - (as follows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Nameplate :guid "c10afd46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nameplate1n" ; :wordnet "nameplate" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: a small sign bearing a person's name, near their office or workplace. NOTE: This type is generic and does not have to be for a Person. When its use is tested, this may be more specific or subtypes can be created. This ''Nameplate'' is made of metal. Perhaps it can be broadened? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nameplate' in WordNet: 1. nameplate - (a plate bearing a name) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatPlate, :PhysicalLabel, :VisualInformationBearingThing . :Namesake :wnsense "namesake1n" ; :wordnet "namesake" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person whose name is given to another Person, for any of various reasons - as a familial custom, or in honor of that Person, or just because the one giving the name likes the 'Namesake'' or something associated with her/him. This term is also used for other things that are named due to some relation with another thing, not only people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'namesake' in WordNet: 1. (1) namesake - (a person with the same name as another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person . :Namespace a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Namespace is a context in which the meanings of terms can be restricted to one or some small controlled number. In this ontology, a Namespace may be used as a prefix for the label of a concept, to distinguish different concepts that have the same name in different Namespaces. IOn COSMO, some namespaces are associate with a prefix for strings, using the underscore '_' character to separate the prefix from the string. One example is for numbers, 'N_' such that 'N_1' is the label for the number 'one'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context . :NamespacePrefix a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ontology name of each NamespacePrefix can serve as a string designating a Namespace, and each such string must be unique within the ontology so that the ontology can recognize and reason about Contexts such as Namespaces. A NamespacePrefix will concatenate with an underscore and any other names or prefixes to uniquely identify (within any ontology) entities such as codes, databses, databse tables, database columns,etc. No entity name in the ontology that is not intended to relate to the databsse or code symbolized by the rpefix should begin its name with that prefix followed by an underscore. It should be unquestioned that any specified prefix, followed by an underscore and other characters, represents som eentity within the context symbolized by that namespace prefix.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString . :Namibia a :Country . :Naming :en "calling", "naming" ; :ldoce "call", "name" ; :wnsense "call1v", "denominate1v", "designate1v", "name1v" ; :wordnet "call", "denominate", "designate", "name" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Naming' is an Action in which an agent assigns a name to something, physical or abstract. This is the most general act of naming, and can be an ontologist giving a name to a type in an ontology, or a parent naming a child, or an organization naming a building, someone naming an Event such as a battle, or any other act of assigning a label to some thing. 'Naming' is a subtype fo GeneralizedTransfer, and the thing transferred is Name. NOTE that in a Generalized Transfer,the thing 'transferred' does not have to be lost by the agent doing the transferring. But as in informnation transfer, this cannot be considered as an act of 'creation' because the thing transferred (information or a name) may already exist. In the case where a new name is created and given to something there will be a CreationEvent as well as a Namimg. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'name' in WordNet: 1. (33) name, call - (assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to; 'They named their son David'; 'The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader') WN verb 'designate': 1. (12) designate, denominate - (assign a name or title to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningEvent, :GivingSomethingAbstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Name ] . :Nanny :guid "bd58a90e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c05d07ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nanny1n", "nurse2n", "nursemaid1n" ; :wordnet "nanny", "nurse", "nursemaid" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nanny''' is a woman .''ChildcareWorker'' who performs child care for some formal pay, often full-time, and is not just a part-time ''BabySitter''. An adult relative (e.g. grandmother) would be a different category. CYC: A #$Nanny is a person whose job is to take care of the children in a family, usually in the children's own home. Unlike a #$BabySitter, a #$Nanny usually lives in the home of the people that they are taking care of. Also they work for several days at a time, rather than several hours at a time like #$BabySitters do. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nanny' in WordNet: 1. nanny, nursemaid, nurse - (a woman who is the custodian of children) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildcareWorker, :Employee, :Woman . :NanoScaleObject a :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A NanoScaleObject is something smaller than a microbe, i.e. has a length dimension less than 100 nanometers. Molecules, atoms, photons, and subatomic particles are subtypes""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittableObject, :MicroscopicScaleObject . :NanoTube :wnsense "carbon nanotube1n", "nanotube1n" ; :wordnet "carbon nanotube", "nanotube" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''NanoTube' is a ''FullereneMolecule'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nanotube' in WordNet: 1. carbon nanotube, nanotube - (a fullerene molecule having a cylindrical or toroidal shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FullereneMolecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Nanotechnology :wnsense "nanotechnology1n" ; :wordnet "nanotechnology" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nanotechnology' in WordNet: 1. nanotechnology - (the branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers (especially with the manipulation of individual molecules)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Art, :Engineering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NanoScaleObject ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Nanotubes :wnsense "carbon nanotube1n", "nanotube1n" ; :wordnet "carbon nanotube", "nanotube" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nanotubes'' is a 'Fullerene'' whose individual component molecules are each a ''NanoTube'' molecule which has a cylindrical or tubular or toroidal shape. NOTE: the WN gloss is for the molecule, but this type is the substance. WN does not distinguish substance from object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nanotube' in WordNet: 1. carbon nanotube, nanotube - (a fullerene molecule having a cylindrical or toroidal shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fullerene, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NanoTube ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :Nap :en "napping" ; :wnsense "cat sleep1n", "catch a wink1v", "catnap1n", "catnap1v", "forty winks1n", "nap1n", "nap1v", "nap4n", "short sleep1n", "snooze1n" ; :wordnet "cat sleep", "catch a wink", "catnap", "forty winks", "nap", "short sleep", "snooze" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nap'' is a ''SleepingEvent'' of relatively short duration. The length is undefined, but i should not belonger than the usual night's sleep for that person - less than 4 hours? Includes noun senses 1 and 4 of 'nap' in WordNet, and may or may not occur in a bed: in WordNet: 1. sleep, nap - (a period of time spent sleeping; 'he felt better after a little sleep'; 'there wasn't time for a nap') 4. nap, catnap, cat sleep, forty winks, short sleep, snooze - (sleeping for a short period of time (usually not in bed)) WN verb 'nap': 1. nap, catnap, catch a wink - (take a siesta; 'She naps everyday after lunch for an hour') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SleepingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortDuration ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Napalm :guid "bf63e794-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Gasoline ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Incendiary, :Viscous ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; :isUsedBy :Flamethrower ; :wnsense "napalm1n" ; :wordnet "napalm" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Mixture. Each instance of #$Napalm is a portion of a #$Mixture of gasoline thickened with the aluminum soap of naphthenic and palmitic acids. Napalm burns longer and at a higher temperature than gasoline that hasn't been altered. This #$Mixture is used in warfare as an incendiary device, usually delivered via missile warheads or other projectile launchers where a small explosive charge scatters the flaming liquid. Napalm's high viscosity and stickiness enable it to travel further when projected and to adhere to what it hits until it burns out. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'napalm' in WordNet: 1. napalm - (gasoline jelled with aluminum soaps; highly incendiary liquid used in fire bombs and flame throwers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture, :PetroleumProduct-Refined, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flamethrower ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ] . :Napkin :guid "bd58ef65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "napkin1n" ; :wordnet "napkin" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hand-sized sheet made of paper or cloth, used for cleaning the face and hands during and after a meal, or (as with the subtype ''Bib'') to cover the torso and/or lap while eating to avoid getting food on the clothing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'napkin' in Wordnet: 1. napkin, table napkin, serviette - (a small piece of table linen that is used to wipe the mouth and to cover the lap in order to protect clothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsorbentObject, :CleaningDevice, :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :FoldableObject, :SheetArtifact, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :PorousSheetType ] . :NapkinRing :wnsense "napkin ring1n" ; :wordnet "napkin ring" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NapkinRing'' is a ''LoopedBand'' used in dining, designed to hold a ''Napkin''. It is not necessarily circular, as some are oval. It is usually made of metal, but can be made of any rigid solid substance. Some decorative naplin rings have figures attached to the loop, so the diameter restrictions apply only to the loop component ( the longer dimension would be the length rather than diameter).. The minimum diameter should be at least 2 centimeters, and the maximum at most 8 centimeters,. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'napkin ring' in WordNet: 1. napkin ring - (a circular band used to hold a particular person's napkin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Holder, :LoopedBand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "8"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Napkin ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ] . :Narcissus :guid "bd58a000-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "narcissus1n" ; :wordnet "narcissus" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'narcissus' in WordNet: 1. narcissus - (bulbous plant having erect linear leaves and showy yellow or white flowers either solitary or in clusters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BulbousPlant, :FloweringPlant, :LilyOrder . :Narcotic :wnsense "narcotic1n" ; :wordnet "narcotic" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'narcotic' in WordNet: 1. narcotic - (a drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addiction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddictiveSubstance, :DrugProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelievingPain ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :NarcoticDrug :guid "bd5aa1e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "narcotic1n" ; :wordnet "narcotic" ; a :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'narcotic' in WordNet: 1. narcotic - (a drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addiction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Analgesic . :NarcoticsAbuse :en "narcotism" ; :enn "narcotism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NarcoticsAbuse'' is the non-prescription ingestion of a ''NarcoticDrug'' (not just any old drug). No WN sense for this RHW 'narcotism': 1. habitual use of narcotics. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ingesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NarcoticDrug ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IngestingaNarcotic ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugAddiction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Narrating :en "narrating", "telling" ; :ldoce "tell" ; :wnsense "narrate2v", "recite4v", "recount1v", "tell3v" ; :wordnet "narrate", "recite", "recount", "tell" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Narrating' is a LinguisticCommunication in which an IntelligentAgent conveys information with the intent of informing another agent; it is not a request nor a command. It can be oral or in writing. The information can be fictional. For specifically fictional ''Narrating'' use subtype ''Storytelling''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'narrate'.sense 3 of 'tell', in WordNet: 2. tell, narrate, recount, recite - (narrate or give a detailed account of; 'Tell what happened'; 'The father told a story to his child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrative ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Told ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NarrativeLike ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NarrativeLike ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Narrative :guid "bd58886c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "story" ; :wnsense "narrative1n", "story1n", "story2n", "tale1n" ; :wordnet "narrative", "story", "tale" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO, a 'narrative' can be formatted, even in as simple a form as a table that records values of attributes of an object over time. Such a simple table would be an instance of 'ValueHistory'. Although a ''Narrative'' has to represent a series of ''Event''s the ''hasTopic''restriction does not require actually instantiating such a series. For an informal oral 'story' use the subtype ''Tale''. Cyc: A specialization of #$PropositionalConceptualWork. Each instance of #$Narrative is an abstract work that recounts a sequence of events (in chronological order or in such a manner that their temporal order can be ascertained) involving some agent or agents. Instances of #$Narrative may be fictional or factual and, accordingly, may involve instances of #$Person or instances of #$FictionalCharacter. Important specializations of #$Narrative include #$Novel-CW and #$Biography. Includes both non-fictional and fictional stories, coresponding to senses 1 and 2 of 'story' in WordNet: 1. (36) narrative, narration, story, tale - (a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program; 'his narrative was interesting'; 'Disney's stories entertain adults as well as children') 2. (14) story - (a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events; 'he writes stories for the magazines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualPCW, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :NarrativeLike :isAnAttributeValueOf :Narrating ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Narrating ; :wnsense "narrative1adj" ; :wordnet "narrative" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NarrativeLike'' is the attribute of a ''LinguisticCommunication'' that tells some kind of story, short or long, like a ''Narrative''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'narrative' in Wordnet: 1. (1) narrative - (consisting of or characterized by the telling of a story; 'narrative poetry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :NarrativeRecord a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''NarrativeRecord'' is an abstract) ''Record'' containing a description of some Event in which the author was a participant or observer. This has a physical representation in a ''PhysicalEventRecord'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :Record . :Narrator :wnsense "narrator1n", "storyteller1n", "teller4n" ; :wordnet "narrator", "storyteller", "teller" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Narrator'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who is or was telling a story. The story can be verbal or written. The ''Narrator'' could be a fictional prerson, as in a novel which may be written as though narrated by a specific peron. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'narrator' in WordNet: 1. narrator, storyteller, teller - (someone who tells a story) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Informant, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrating ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Narrow :isTheOppositeOf :Wide ; :ldoce "narrow" ; :wnsense "narrow1adj" ; :wordnet "narrow" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Narrow is an attribute that specifies that something has a smaller than usual width relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'narrow' in WordNet: 1. (20) narrow - (not wide; 'a narrow bridge'; 'a narrow line across the page') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Narrow-minded :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :Thinking ; :isTheOppositeOf :Broad-minded ; :wnsense "illiberal1adj", "intolerant1adj", "intolerant2adj", "narrow-minded2adj", "narrow-minded3adj", "narrow3adj", "opinionated1adj", "rigid2adj" ; :wordnet "illiberal", "intolerant", "narrow", "narrow-minded", "opinionated", "rigid" ; a :FeelingType, :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Narrow-minded'' is a subtype of ''FeelingAttribute'' characterizing People who have strong opinions about a specific topic that hinders their ability to consider opposing views objectively or to accept contradictory information as valid. This attribute is relevant to specific views; a Prson that is 'Narrow-minded' about some topics may be ''Broad-minded' about other topics. Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of'narrow-minded' and sense 1 of 'opinionated' and sense 2 of 'rigid' and seses 1 and 2 of 'intolerant' in WordNet: 2. narrow-minded, narrow - (lacking tolerance or flexibility or breadth of view; 'a brilliant but narrow-minded judge'; 'narrow opinions') 3. narrow-minded - (rigidly adhering to a particular sect or its doctrines) WN adj 'opinionated': 1. (1) opinionated, opinionative, self-opinionated - (obstinate in your opinions) WN adj 'rigid': 2. (2) rigid, strict - (incapable of compromise or flexibility) WN adj 'intolerant': 1. intolerant - (unwilling to tolerate difference of opinion) 2. illiberal, intolerant - (narrow-minded about cherished opinions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :NarrowBottleNeck :en "narrow bottleneck" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the literal ''BottleNeck'', the narrow neck of a ''Bottle'' near the top that ends with the opening (''BottlePortal'') into and out of which liquids are placed and removed. See ''Flask' for usage of this (from WN). This detail is here because bottles have such a distinctive shape and are very common. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bottleneck' in Wordnet: 2. bottleneck - (the narrow part of a bottle near the top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BottleNeck, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NarrowForaBottleNeck ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ] . :NarrowForaBottleNeck :en "narrow for a bottleneck" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specifies that a ''BottleNeck'' with this attribute is narrower than the average ''Bottleneck''. This would clarify the meaning of 'narrow bottleneck', which might be confusing since all bottlenecka are 'narrow' relative to the rest of the bottle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottleNeck ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfComparison ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Width ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrow ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Narrowly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Narrow ; :wnsense "narrowly1adv" ; :wordnet "narrowly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Narrowly' can be use in various senses - 'narrowly interpreted', 'narrowly spaced', 'narrowly applied', and 'narrowly applied' for example. these may be distinguishable, but in WN there is only one sense, and this type includes all of the above. Includes but is broader than adverb sense 1 of 'narrowly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) narrowly - (in a narrow manner; not allowing for exceptions; 'he interprets the law narrowly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Nasal :pertainsTo :Nose ; :wnsense "nasal1adj", "rhinal1adj" ; :wordnet "nasal", "rhinal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nasal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) rhinal, nasal - (of or in or relating to the nose; 'nasal passages') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :NasalCongestion :en "nasal congestion" ; :enn "nasal congestion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NasalCongestion'' is ''Congestion'' in the Nose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Congestion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nose ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :NasalMucus :en "nasal mucus" ; :enn "nasal mucus" ; :wnsense "snot2n" ; :wordnet "snot" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NasalMucus'' is ''Mucus'' located in the nasal passages. This includes only the mucus still in the body. After expulsion, it would be a different type. (produced by ''BlowingTheNose''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'snot' in WordNet: 2. snot - (nasal mucus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mucus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nostril ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Nasty :ldoce "nasty" ; :wnsense "nasty1adj" ; :wordnet "nasty" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A higher intensity of 'Mean': Intentionally and habitually Mean-spirited, tending to be malicious to other people. Of people and the way they act and interact with other people. For the sense of 'unpleasant' use 'Awful' For a more general sens of 'badly behaved' use 'BadlyBehaved'. This corresponds to the part of sense 1 of 'nasty' in WordNet that applies to people: in WordNet: 1. (2) nasty, awful - (offensive or even (of persons) malicious; 'in a nasty mood'; 'a nasty accident'; 'a nasty shock'; 'a nasty smell'; 'a nasty trick to pull'; 'Will he say nasty things at my funeral?'- Ezra Pound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mean . :National :contrastsWith :International, :Local ; :ldoce "national" ; :pertainsTo :Country ; :wnsense "national1adj", "national2adj", "national3adj" ; :wordnet "national" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'National' is an AttributeValue of things (Events,Attributes, PhysicalObjects) that are restricted or predominant only in some single Country; this contrasts with attributes such as 'Local' or 'International' or 'Global' for which a narrower or wider region of applicability is intended. The word 'natikonal' has many subtle senses depending on what sort of thing is being described: a national park is owned by a Country, but a National Anthem is a tune chosen as expressing some of the character of its people. These microsenses do need to be represented at some point, but this AttributeValue includes all of them. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'national' in WordNet: 1. (47) national - (of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country; 'national hero'; 'national anthem'; 'a national landmark') 2. (17) national - (limited to or in the interests of a particular nation; 'national interests'; 'isolationism is a strictly national policy') 3. (6) national - (concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country; 'the national government'; 'national elections'; 'of national concern'; 'the national highway system'; 'national forests') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :pertainsTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ] . :NationalAnthem :hasQualitativeAttribute :American ; :wnsense "national anthem1n" ; :wordnet "national anthem" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'national anthem' in WordNet: 1. (1) national anthem - (a song formally adopted as the anthem for a nation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anthem . :NationalEconomy :guid "c08fa65e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "economy1n" ; :wordnet "economy" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'economic system' Considered as a Group of ''EconomicEvent''s plus relations between them and properties of the economy as a whole or of its parts. CYC ('EconomicSystem': A collection of all economic systems. It can be the economic system of a #$GeopoliticalEntity, or the economic system in a #$GeographicalRegion. To refer to the economic system of a particular country or a state (or a province, etc.), use #$EconomyFn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'economy' in WordNet: 1. (20) economy, economic system - (the system of production and distribution and consumption) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Economy, :EventGroup, :System . :NationalFlag a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A Flag that represents a Country.." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flag, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ] . :NationalGovernmentEmployee :guid "bfe2dc07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GovernmentEmployee. Each instance of #$NationalGovernmentEmployee is a person who is employed by the national government of some instance of #$Country. Instances of #$NationalGovernmentEmployee would include, among others, heads of national governments, diplomats, and members of a nation's armed forces.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentEmployee . :NationalGuard :wnsense "National Guard1n", "home reserve1n" ; :wordnet "National Guard", "home reserve" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'National Guard' in WordNet: 1. (2) National Guard, home reserve - (United States military reserves recruited by the states and equipped by the federal government; subject to call by either) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TerritorialReserve, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :American ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NationalIDDocument :guid "bf5408d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$OfficialDocumentType, and a specialization of #$IDDocument. Each instance of #$NationalIDDocument is a document issued by the government of some country to one of its citizens or resident aliens. In the countries in which such documents are issued, possession of such a document is usually required in order to establish work eligibility, or to obtain certain kinds of government benefits.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CertificateDocument, :IDDocument, :LegalDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ] . :NationalIdentificationNumber :FIBO "national identification number" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FIBO concept, being a number unique to an individual issued by a nation and used for identification purposes. COSMO note: a 'SocialSecurityNumber' seems to qualify, and should be a subtype, but is not represented in FIBO, and the subtype relation is omitted here. skos-definition:' A national identification number, national identity number, or national insurance number is used by the governments of many countries as a means of tracking their citizens, permanent residents, and temporary residents for the purposes of work, taxation, government benefits, health care, and other governmentally-related functions. The number will appear on an identity document issued by a country. The ways in which such a system is implemented are dependent on the country, but in most cases, a citizen is issued an identification number at birth or when they reach a legal age (typically the age of 18). Non-citizens may be issued such numbers when they enter the country, or when granted a temporary or permanent residence permit. Many countries issued such numbers ostensibly for a singular purpose, but over time, they become a de facto national identification number. For example, the United States originally developed its Social Security number system as a means of disbursing Social Security benefits. However, due to function creep, the number has become utilized for other purposes to the point where it is almost essential to have one to, among other things, open a bank account, obtain a credit card, or drive a car. """ ; rdfs:label "national identification number", "national identity number", "national insurance number" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IDNumber . :NationalMourningForLossOfJFK :isDirectedToward :MurderOfJFK ; :wasExperiencedBy :CitizenryOfTheUSA ; a :DirectedFeeling . :Nationalism :guid "befab989-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nationalism2n", "nationalism4n" ; :wordnet "nationalism" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Nationalism'' is an exaggerated ''Patriotism'' that feels that all contries are compettors and should act primarily to protect their own interests, discounting the potential benefits of oooperation with other contries. CYC: A particularly strong feeling analogous to #$Patriotism. While it is possible to express #$Patriotism without disparaging other countries, #$Nationalism usually implies disdain of other countries. The WN senses have this as a subtype of 'doctrine' but in COSMO this is a subtype of ''Feeling''. Includes noun senses 2 and 4 of 'nationalism' in WordNet: 2. (5) nationalism - (the doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other) 4. nationalism - (the doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Loyalty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nationalistic ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nationalist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Nationalist :wnsense "nationalist2n" ; :wordnet "nationalist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nationalist'' is a ''Patriot'' who is a ''Proponent'' of ''Nationalism'', i.e. public (governmental) policies that emphasize the interests, needs, and welfare of one's own country even when they clash with or harm the interests of other countries. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nationalist' in WordNet: 2. nationalist - (an advocate of national independence of or a strong national government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Patriot, :Proponent . :Nationalistic :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Nationalism ; :wnsense "chauvinistic2adj", "flag-waving1adj", "jingoistic1adj", "nationalist1adj", "nationalistic1adj", "nationalistic2adj", "superpatriotic1adj", "ultranationalistic1adj" ; :wordnet "chauvinistic", "flag-waving", "jingoistic", "nationalist", "nationalistic", "superpatriotic", "ultranationalistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nationalistic'' is the attribute of someone experiencing ''Nationalism'', an exaggerated form of ''Patriotism''. NOTE: the two WN sense might bedifferentated, but it is not yet obvious how to express that. includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'nationalistic' in Wordnet: 1. (3) chauvinistic, flag-waving, jingoistic, nationalistic, ultranationalistic, superpatriotic - (fanatically patriotic) 2. nationalist, nationalistic - (devotion to the interests or culture of a particular nation including promoting the interests of one country over those of others; \"nationalist aspirations\"; \"minor nationalistic differences\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Patriotic . :Nationality :guid "bd58961d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nationality2n" ; :wordnet "nationality" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nationality'' in COSMO represents the country in which a ''GroupOfPeople'' were born, or in the case of someone born in one country to parents who are citizens of another Country this will usually refer to the country of which the parents are citizens, reflecting the language and culture and possibly the genetic heritage of the country that is their ''Nationality''. For those moving to a country other than that of their birth, until they have been 'naturalized' their ''Nationality'' should stil be the counry of origin, not the conry of residence. CYC: A collection of collections. Each instance of #$Nationality is the collection of all people who are citizens of some country, or who are participants in its #$NationalCulture to some significant degree -- or else are instances of #$StatelessPerson. Instances include #$UnitedStatesPerson, #$FrenchPerson, and #$AustralianCitizenOrSubject. See also the first-order collection #$PersonWithNationality. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nationality' in WordNet: 2. nationality - (people having common origins or traditions and often comprising a nation; 'immigrants of the same nationality often seek each other out'; 'such images define their sense of nationality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :Nationally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :National ; :wnsense "nationally1adv", "nationally2adv" ; :wordnet "nationally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nationally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the thing characterized is true throghout some (pecified or implied) ''Country''. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'nationally' in WordNet: 1. (2) nationally - (with regard to a nation taken as a whole; 'a nationally uniform culture') 2. (1) nationally, nationwide, across the nation, across the country - (extending throughout an entire nation; 'nationally advertised'; 'it was broadcast nationwide') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Nationwide :isTheOppositeOf :Rare ; :wnsense "countrywide1adj", "nationwide1adj" ; :wordnet "countrywide", "nationwide" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nationwide''is an attribute of things that occur or are found a particlar 'nation' (''Country''). the ''Country'' referred to must be determined from the context of the assertion. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nationwide' in Wordnet: 1. countrywide, nationwide - (occurring or extending throughout a country or nation; 'the event aroused nationwide interest'; 'a countrywide fund-raising campaign') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Widespread . :Native :wnsense "indigen1n", "indigene1n", "native1n" ; :wordnet "indigen", "indigene", "native" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Native'' is a Person born in some particular place, *usually* coming from a family whose descendents up to some degree of ancestry were also born there. This is regardless of the place where a person now resides or the country of which she is a Citizen. Thus a 'Native of Germany' can be living anywhere in the world The relation specifies the place that that Person is a''Native'' of. NOTE that this includes but is not specific to Persons whose ancestry dates back from the earliest known times of occupation of a place, such as 'Native Americans' or 'Aborigenes'. Those types would be subtypes of this type. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'native' in WordNet: 1. (3) native, indigen, indigene - (a person who was born in a particular place; an indigenous person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasBirthplace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeopoliticalEntity :Place :LocationType ) ] ] . :NativeAmericans :en "native Americans" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''NativeAmericans'' is a ''LargeGroupOfPeople'' consisting of more than a few ''AmericanIndian''s. This term is often used to 'refer to all ''AmericanIndian''s for purpose of generalizing assertions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Audience, :LargeGroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AmericanIndian ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Natural :isTheOppositeOf :ManMade, :Synthetic ; :wnsense "natural2adj" ; :wordnet "natural" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Natural' is an AttributeValue of Objects, Events, and other things that are *not* created by humans but by the inanimate forces of nature, or by animals or plants; produced by 'MotherNature'. The opposite of 'ManMade'. Corresponds to 2 of adjective 'natural' in WordNet: 2. (15) natural - (existing in or produced by nature; not artificial or imitation; 'a natural pearl'; 'natural gas'; 'natural silk'; 'natural blonde hair'; 'a natural sweetener'; 'natural fertilizers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NaturalChannel :wnsense "channel3n" ; :wordnet "channel" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NaturalChannel'' is a ''DepressionOnObject'' on the Earth's surface that is long and narrow, and is produced by the erosion of land by water running in a stream-like formation. This includes the larger channels of Stream beds, as well as smaller channels produced Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'groove' (for water channels cut into the Earth's surface) in WordNet: 1. (1) groove, channel - (a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DepressionOnObject, :FlowPath, :LongAndThinThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erosion ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :NaturalDeath :en "natural death" ; :guid "bd588505-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A'NaturalDeath' is a type of Death (the act of dying) in which an Organism dies because of some internal physiological malfunction such as an illness or stroke or heart attack, but was not caused by trauma, poisoning, radiation, or other external agent, or by an accident. This type of Death is disjoint from 'BeingKilled'. No WN sense for this. RHW 'natural death': death that occurs from natural causes, as disease or old age, rather than from violence or an accident. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Death ; owl:disjointWith :BeingKilled . :NaturalDisaster :en "natural disaster" ; :guid "bdf6e529-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "act of god1n" ; :wordnet "act of god" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$NaturalHazard events, such as tornadoes (see #$TornadoAsEvent) #$Mudslides, natural #$Famines, or #$Earthquakes, which actually inflict extensive property damage or injury. #$NaturalDisasters are distinguished from #$ManMadeDisasters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'act of god' in Wordnet: 1. act of God, force majeure, vis major, inevitable accident, unavoidable casualty - (a natural and unavoidable catastrophe that interrupts the expected course of events; 'he discovered that his house was not insured against acts of God') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disaster, :PhysicalDestructionEvent . :NaturalGas :guid "bd59004a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Methane ; :wnsense "gas6n", "natural gas1n" ; :wordnet "gas", "natural gas" ; a :FluidType, :NaturalResourceType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of natural gas (including the gaseous form and Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG), the gas used in home appliances, etc.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural gas' in WordNet: 1. (1) natural gas, gas - (a fossil fuel in the gaseous state; used for cooking and heating homes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombustibleFuelSubstance, :FossilFuel, :GasMixture, :NaturalResourceSubstance, :NaturalTangibleStuff, :OrganicSubstance, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance . :NaturalHistory :wnsense "natural history1n" ; :wordnet "natural history" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural history' in WordNet: 1. natural history - (the scientific study of plants or animals (more observational than experimental) usually published in popular magazines rather than in academic journals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Naturalist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :NaturalLanguage :guid "bd58f37a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "natural language1n", "tongue2n" ; :wordnet "natural language", "tongue" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Language consists of a grammar and a vocabulary (a set of Terms). A ''HumanLanguages'' is a HumanLanguage that evolved as a means of oral communication between people. CYC: A specialization of #$Language. Each instance of #$NaturalLanguage is a language which is used for human communication, and which has evolved naturally. (It is disjoint with #$ConstructedLanguage.) Instances thus include dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin, but concocted languages such as Esperanto are not included. SUMO: The subclass of HumanLanguages which are not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This Class includes all of the national languages, e.g. English, Spanish, Japanese, etc. Note that this class includes dialects of natural languages. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural language' in WordNet: 1. natural language, tongue - (a human written or spoken language used by a community; opposed to e.g. a computer language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanLanguage . :NaturalLanguageGroup :en "group of natural languages", "language group" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NaturalLanguageGroup'' is a ''Group'' of two or more ''NaturalLanguage''s. Among other things, this can be used to represent an ability to speak in two or more languages. See ''SpeakingTwoLanguageFluentlys''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NaturalLanguage ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :NaturalObject :wnsense "natural object1n" ; :wordnet "natural object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NaturalObject' is a PhysicalObject that is not an ''ArtifactObject''. For natural objects built by animals use ''AnimalArtifact'', a subtype of ''ArtifactObject''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural object' in WordNet: 1. natural object - (an object occurring naturally; not made by man) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Natural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :ArtifactObject . :NaturalObjectsHaveSouls :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Natural_objects_have_souls ; :hasTopic :ENG_Natural_objects_have_souls ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :NaturalPartition :wnsense "partition1n" ; :wordnet "partition" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NaturalPartition'' is a NaturalObject (animate or inanimate) that separates spatial regions and hinders (but does no necessarily prevent) the movement of some physical object(s) (but not all) from one sde of the barrier to the other. This can be a river, a cliff, or a membrane or septum in an Organism, among other things. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarrierObject, :NaturalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialRegion :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingBetweenThings ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :NaturalPhenomenon :wnsense "natural phenomenon1n" ; :wordnet "natural phenomenon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NaturalPhenomenon'' is any ''Phenomenon'' that occurs in Nature, i.e.is not due to an PurposefulAction by an IntelligentAgent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. (1) natural phenomenon - (all phenomena that are not artificial) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanEvent, :Phenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Natural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NaturalResource :wnsense "natural resource1n", "natural resources1n" ; :wordnet "natural resource", "natural resources" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of something whose type is an instance of NaturalResourceType (which see). Natural resources can be viewed as Types (ore, petroleum) or as instances (a quantity of oil in some location. In COSMO, both the class 'NaturalResource' and the metaclass 'NaturalResourceType' are available to use as required. An instance of NaturalResource is anything (object, energy source) that can be exploited for economic benefit (including scenery as a lure for tourists) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural resource' in WordNet: 1. (3) natural resource, natural resources - (resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProcessiveEvent ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Natural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NaturalResourceSubstance a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This Cyc category has been redefined to represent those substances found in nature (or easily recoverable from substances found in nature) that are useful to people.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalResource, :PhysicalSubstance . :NaturalResourceType :guid "c0c73787-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of collections of things that are useful in nature. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :NaturalRubber :guid "bd58ae6c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rubber" ; :wnsense "rubber1n" ; :wordnet "rubber" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not synthetic rubber - The sap of the rubber tree; milky when harvested, it congeals into natural rubber. In Cyc called 'Rubber-TheNaturalStuff'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubber' in WordNet: 1. (4) rubber, natural rubber, India rubber, gum elastic, caoutchouc - - (an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantProduct, :Rubber . :NaturalSelection :wnsense "natural selection1n", "selection4n" ; :wordnet "natural selection", "selection" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NaturalSelection'' is the Group of Events in which some variant type of Organism survives by reproduction while others of its original type die out. This is the dominant process driving ''Evolution'' and includes sexual selection as well as selection by fitness to live and reproduce in the ambient environment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'natural selction' and sense 4 of 'selection' in WordNet: 4. survival, survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection - (a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Selection ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MotherNature ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :NaturalShelter :en "natural shelter", "shelter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for a Natural object which can afford with some form of protection to an animal - wild or human. For a place where humans can go for shelter that includes some human preparation - some artifacts - use ''Refuge''. RHW 'shelter': 1. something beneath, behind, or within which a person, animal, or thing is protected from storms, missiles, adverse conditions, etc.; refuge. No WN sense seems to fit - all seem to be artifacts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtectiveObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protective ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :NaturalTangibleStuff :guid "bd58d55a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO NOTE: a 'NaturalTangibleStuff' can be a substance that is still in situ in its natural enviroment, but it can also be an ArtificialSubstance, if it is extracted from its natural place and cut or rendered into a form for use by people. Cyc: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType and a sub-collection of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$NaturalTangibleStuff is a naturally occurring partially tangible thing. Specializations of #$NaturalTangibleStuff include #$LandStuff, #$Wood, and #$Air. Man-made materials are _not_ instances of #$NaturalTangibleStuff. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :NaturalWorld :ldoce "nature" ; :wnsense "nature3n" ; :wordnet "nature" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'NaturalWorld' may refer to the entirety of the region of the Earth's surface that is not 'developed' by structures, or to any part of that region; this particuarly refers to plants and animals in a 'state of nature', but also includes water resources and certain scenic characteristics of particular beauty that environmentalists think should be preserved. This may also be referred to as 'the natural environment', and parts that are remote maybe referred to as 'the wild'. This is a Region, not an Object. This sense occurs in phrases such as 'relax out in nature', 'to enjoy nature' 'to preserve nature', and 'to respect nature'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'nature' in WordNet: 3. (9) nature - (the natural physical world including plants and animals and landscapes etc.; 'they tried to preserve nature as they found it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outdoors, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Natural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Naturalist :guid "bd58fec1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "natural scientist1n", "naturalist2n" ; :wordnet "natural scientist", "naturalist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'naturalist' in WordNet: 2. naturalist, natural scientist - (a biologist knowledgeable about natural history (especially botany and zoology)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NaturalHistory ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Botany ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Zoology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Naturalistic :wnsense "naturalistic1adj", "realistic2adj" ; :wordnet "naturalistic", "realistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Naturalistic'' is a subtype of ''Representational'' meaning that the thing conveys or tries to convey an image (visual or mental), of the thing being represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'naturalistic' in WordNet: 2. (1) naturalistic, realistic - (representing what is real; not abstract or ideal; 'realistic portraiture'; 'a realistic novel'; 'in naturalistic colors'; 'the school of naturalistic writers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Representational . :Nature :ldoce "nature" ; :takesValue :NatureAttribute ; :wnsense "nature1n" ; :wordnet "nature" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Nature is the sum of all essential attribute values of an individual, forming a recognizable pattern. This can be used generally for any kind of entity, though linguistically it often refers to behavioral patterns. NOTE: For 'Nature' as the sum of the physical universe and its laws, use 'MotherNature'. As in 'the laws of Nature'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nature' in WordNet: 1. (45) nature - (the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized; 'it is the nature of fire to burn'; 'the true nature of jealousy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :NatureAttribute a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NatureAttribute is a QualitativeAttribute expressing the nature of something.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :NaturePreserve :wnsense "preserve2n" ; :wordnet "preserve" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Preserve'' is any GeographicalRegion set aside by law for restrcted use by people in order to preserve some natural character considered valuable. This can be a region for preservation of plant or animal life. A Reserve for wildlife would be the subtype ''WildlifeRefuge''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'preserve' in WordNet: 2. preserve - (a reservation where animals are protected) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalArea . :Naughtiness :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :BadlyBehaved, :Mean, :Naughty ; :wnsense "naughtiness1n" ; :wordnet "naughtiness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Naughtiness'' is an Trait of a young child disposed to be ''Naughty''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'naughtiness' in WordNet: 1. naughtiness, mischievousness, badness - (an attribute of mischievous children) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Badness . :Naughty :en "badly behaved" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Naughtiness ; :wnsense "bad12adj", "mischievous2adj", "naughty2adj" ; :wordnet "bad", "mischievous", "naughty" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the person or behavior evaluated does not conform to an acceptable standard of principled behavior. This covers a wide variety of behaviors. NOTE: Although the English word 'naughty' is used commonly to label behavior of children, or only slightly inapropriate behavior of adults, this type is very general, subsuming all degrees of bad *behavior* of people. The subtype ''Immoral'' represents the greater degrees of bad behavior. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'naughty' in Wordnet, and includes adjective sense 12 of 'bad': 2. mischievous, naughty - (badly behaved; 'he was saucy and mischievous in school'; 'a naughty boy') WN adj'bad': 12. bad, immoral - (characterized by wickedness or immorality; 'led a very bad life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadlyBehaved, :Improper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Nauru a :Country . :Nausea :guid "c0fd519d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nausea1n", "sickness3n" ; :wordnet "nausea", "sickness" ; a :AilmentType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A feeling of nausea, i.e. a Feeling that one is about to vomit. This is classified as an 'AilmentCondition' as well as a 'Feeling' because it is abnormal and undesirable, even if it is a benign result of overeating. See also 'Vomiting'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nausea' in WordNet: 1. (2) nausea, sickness - (the state that precedes vomiting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Feeling . :Nauseated :guid "351b74f6-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Nausea ; :wnsense "nauseated1adj", "nauseous2adj", "queasy2adj" ; :wordnet "nauseated", "nauseous", "queasy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this word can designate either the feeling or the Attribute - this type represents the Attribute. Use 'Nausea' for the Feeling. Cyc: The queasy feeling in the abdomen and throat which precedes vomiting. See also #$Nausea. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nauseated' in WordNet: 2. nauseated, nauseous, queasy, sick, sickish - (feeling nausea; feeling about to vomit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sick . :NauticalTon :en "nautical ton", "ton" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each unit of NauticalTon is equal to 100 cubic feet. This is a unit of *volume* , not weight, used for large nautical vessels. This is used to measure the carrying capacity of ships, and derives from 'Gross Register Ton', a term no longer used officially. 1 gross register ton is equal to a volume of 100 cubic feet (2.83 cu.m.). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :Naval :ldoce "naval" ; :pertainsTo :ModernNavalShip, :Navy ; :wnsense "naval1adj" ; :wordnet "naval" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance in some way to a Navy or Naval operations or naval weapons; of or pertaining to a Navy. Corresponds to the single adjective sense of 'naval' in WordNet: 1. (8) naval - (connected with or belonging to or used in a navy; 'naval history'; 'naval commander'; 'naval vessels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :NavalFleet-Organization :guid "c1279ec9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is an Organization that controls all of the individual ''Fleet''s owned by some Country. For the collection of ships, see 'ShipsOfTheFleet'. Cyc: The collection of military organizations whose primary equipment consists of groups of naval ships and (sometimes) submarines that are in a relatively defined area and are under a single command (see #$FleetOfMilitaryShips). Note that this corresponds to the broad, generic sense of the English word 'fleet', rather than the more specialized, technical sense in which the #$UnitedStatesNavy uses the word, as in e.g. U.S. Atlantic Fleet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fleet ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :manages ] . :NavalMine :en "naval mine" ; :enn "naval mine" ; :guid "bd70274f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "floating mine1n", "marine mine1n" ; :wordnet "floating mine", "marine mine" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'NavalMine': A mine intended to be planted undersea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'floating mine' in WordNet: 1. floating mine, marine mine - (an explosive mine designed to destroy ships that bump into it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryWeapon, :Mine-Weapon . :NavalOiler :en "naval oil tanker", "naval oiler", "oiler" ; :guid "bf6ad35c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'oiler': The collection of #$ModernNavalShips intended to be used for replenishment of petroleum products to other ships; a subcollection of #$OilTanker.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModernNavalShip, :OilTanker . :NavalPersonnel :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Navel :guid "bfe9ae4c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bellybutton1n", "navel1n", "omphalos1n", "omphalus1n", "umbilicus1n" ; :wordnet "bellybutton", "navel", "omphalos", "omphalus", "umbilicus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the depression in the center of the surface of the abdomen in #$Persons and other placental mammals (cf. #$Eutheria) indicating the point of attachment of the #$UmbilicalCord to the #$Embryo Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'navel' in WordNet: 1. (2) navel, umbilicus, bellybutton, omphalos, omphalus - (scar where the umbilical cord was attached) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DepressionOnObject, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :ExternalOrgan, :TraceMark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belly ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belly ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :NavigableRiver :en "navigable river" ; :enn "navigable river" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NavigableRiver'' is a River deep enough to float a river cruise ship. Usually this is greater than 100 meters wide at some point. A canal may be navigable and not wider at points, so not every canal is considered as a ''NavigableRiver''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater-Large, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deep ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NavigableWaterSurface a :LiquidObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The NavigableWaterSurface is the collective set of locations on the Earth's surface that are just at the top of a navigable body of water, and as far below as necessary to accommodate the draft of watercraft that are traversing the surface. NOTE that a ''NavigableWaterSurface'' only needs to be large enough for ''PropellingaBoat'' to enable travelling. One can propel a small boat in a large swimming pool, but that would not be travelling. Lakes and streams qualify. This includes navigable rivers and lakes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, :WaterSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater-Large ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Navigating :guid "c0fd6e5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "navigate2v", "navigation1n", "pilot2v", "pilotage1n", "piloting1n" ; :wordnet "navigate", "navigation", "pilot", "pilotage", "piloting" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Navigating'' CYC: The collection of all events in which the performer determines the location of an object in some frame of reference, and determines the direction the object should travel to reach some destination. Navigating usually involves using some devices (compass, clock, etc.) as aids Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'navigate' in WordNet: 2. navigate, pilot - (act as the navigator in a car, plane, or vessel and plan, direct, plot the path and position of the conveyance; 'Is anyone volunteering to navigate during the trip?'; 'Who was navigating the ship during the accident?') WN noun 'navigation': 1. (1) navigation, pilotage, piloting - (the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuidingaTransportationDevice, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evaluating ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TransportationDeviceType :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ) ] ] . :Navigation :wnsense "navigation2n" ; :wordnet "navigation" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a specialized sense of 'navigation', for transporting goods by water, not just the method of determining the best route to drive a boat. For guisind a Boat or airplane use ''Navigating'' ('navigation' sense 1). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'navigation' in WordNet: 2. navigation - (ship traffic; 'the channel will be open to navigation as soon as the ice melts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShippingByWater, :TransportationServiceEvent . :NavigationDevice :guid "bd58db99-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$NavigationDevice is a device used for #$Navigating, i.e., for taking the bearings and plotting the course of someone or something travelling - often in some transportation device - through some medium. Notable specializations of #$NavigationDevice include #$Sextant and #$Compass.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device, :HumanScaleObject . :Navy :guid "bf23bde1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "navy" ; :wnsense "naval forces1n", "navy1n" ; :wordnet "naval forces", "navy" ; a :MilitaryOrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Navy is a specialization of #$BranchOfMilitaryService. Each instance of #$Navy is a military organization (contemporary or historical) composed mainly of seaborne forces, and/or forces responsible for military operations on water and adjacent coastal areas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'navy' in WordNet: 1. (9) navy, naval forces - (an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BranchOfMilitaryService . :NavyCaptain :ldoce "captain" ; :wnsense "captain2n", "skipper3n" ; :wordnet "captain", "skipper" ; a :PersonType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NavyCaptain'' is a Person with the rank of 'Captain' serving in the US Navy. This is for a Navy rank; the army 'Captain' has a lower level of command responsibility. in WordNet: 2. (14) captain, skipper - (the naval officer in command of a military ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Captain . :NavyColor :en "navy" ; :enadj "navy blue" ; :guid "2a7ff542-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "dark-blue1adj" ; :wordnet "dark-blue" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ This is closely related to noun sense 1 of 'navy blue' in WordNet, but this type is an adjective. 1. dark blue, navy, navy blue - (a dark shade of blue) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dark blue' in Wordnet: 1. (2) dark-blue - (of a dark shade of blue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :NavyMan :wnsense "bluejacket1n", "navy man1n", "sailor boy1n", "sailor1n" ; :wordnet "bluejacket", "navy man", "sailor", "sailor boy" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NavyMan'' is a 'Seaman'' (a male ''Sailor'') who works in a Navy. NOTE: to represent females specifically in the Navy would need a different subtype of ''Sailor'' - which term?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sailor' in WordNet: 2. (1) bluejacket, navy man, sailor, sailor boy - (a serviceman in the navy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seaman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Navy ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Nazi :guid "bdbc991c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "German Nazi1n", "Nazi1n" ; :wordnet "German Nazi", "Nazi" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all believers in the #$GermanNaziIdeology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nazi' in WordNet: 1. (6) Nazi, German Nazi - (a German member of Adolf Hitler's political party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AntiSemite, :Fascist, :HumanAdult, :PartyInRole, :Person, :Supporter . :NaziParty :wnsense "National Socialist German Workers' Party1n", "Nazi Party1n" ; :wordnet "National Socialist German Workers' Party", "Nazi Party" ; a :OrganizationType, :PoliticalPartyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The term ''Nazi'' is an abbreviation of the German 'National-Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter Partei'' - 'National socialist German worker party'. The Nazi philosophy is called 'National Socialism'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Nazi Party' in WordNet: 1. National Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi Party - (the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalParty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nazi ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :NaziSwastika :wnsense "Hakenkreuz1n", "swastika1n" ; :wordnet "Hakenkreuz", "swastika" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''NaziSwastika'' is a type of ''Swastika'' with the ends of the arms bent to the right, used as the symbol of the Nazi party - and by extension, antisemitism and white supremacy. CYC swastika': Originally (and still) a Hindu symbol of auspiciousness/good luck, believed to have come originally from the pictogram denoting a flock of geese in flight. In the 20th century, it is appropriated by Nazi theorists as a symbol of Aryan supremacy. Because of Nazi beliefs and atrocities, the swastika is now a symbol of right-wing German nationalism and anti-semitism, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swastika' in WordNet: 1. swastika, Hakenkreuz - (the official emblem of the Nazi Party and the Third Reich; a cross with the arms bent at right angles in a clockwise direction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Swastika, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NaziParty ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Near :isTheOppositeOf :Far ; :ldoce "close", "near" ; :wnsense "close1adj", "near1adj", "nigh1adj" ; :wordnet "close", "near", "nigh" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Close, on some scale (including but not only time and physical distance), from the current position or some normal position. This includes physical and abstract notions of 'distance' or 'proximity'. Physical nearness is represented by the subtype 'Nearby'. This sense includes several more specific senses, which are represented by subtypes. NOTE: this concept is also represented in the relation 'isNearTo'. Corresponds to sense 32 of 'close' in RHWL being in or having proximity in space or time: The barn is so close to the house that you can hear the animals. His birthday is in May, close to mine. NOTE: 'near' and 'far' are to some extent subjective and depend on the size(s) of the entities involved as well as the distance between them. This problem is treated probabilistically in the IBM 'Watson' Question-Answering system, particularly as it was structured to answer 'Jeopardy!' questions. From an IBM paper 'Structured data and Inference in DeepQA': 'A particular challenge in geospatial analytics is to interpret subjective notions of proximity such as being near or far, which depend on the magnitude of size of entities and are thus difficult to estimate. Our approach is to use the spatial distance between the candidate answer and the geo-entities in the clue and add one of two spatial-distance features (spatial-distance-near and spatial-distance-far) based on whether the question specifies the answer to be near or far from geo-entities mentioned. We then take advantage of standardized features in the model [5], which normalize a feature score relative to the mean and standard deviation of the feature across all candidate answers for the given question. As a result, the standardized spatial-distance features measure the relative difference in spatial distance between candidate answers from geo-entities in the clue, and the machine learning uses this information during training to learn an appropriate weight for the features, based on the proximity desired, e.g., the spatial-distance-near feature gets a negative weight in the model, as the further away the candidate answer is from the geo-entities in the clue (compared with the other candidates), the less likely it is to be correct.' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'near' and sense 1 and part of sense 3 of of 'close' in WordNet (close in circumstances is not included): in WordNet: 1. (44) near, close, nigh - (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances; 'near neighbors'; 'in the near future'; 'they are near equals'; 'his nearest approach to success'; 'a very near thing'; 'a near hit by the bomb'; 'she was near tears'; 'she was close to tears'; 'had a close call') 1. (40) close - (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other; 'close to noon'; 'how close are we to town?'; 'a close formation of ships') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NearAtHand :en "at an arm's length", "near at hand", "within reach" ; :wnsense "at hand1adj", "close at hand1adj" ; :wordnet "at hand", "close at hand" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'EasyToUse' referring to Objects or places that are easy to use because they are close at hand. For small objects, this means usually within the same building; for places, within walking distance. Corresponds to part of (within reaching distance) adjective sense 1 of 'at hand' in Wordnet: 1. (5) at hand, close at hand - (close in space; within reach; 'the town is close at hand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EasyToUse, :Nearby . :NearFuture :en "the near future" ; :enn "the near future" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NearFuture'' is a ''FutureTimeInterval'' that is 'near' (relatively close) to ''Today''. The exact time after today depends on context. When talking about slow-moving eological or political Events, the ''NearFuture'' can be a decade or more away. For most cases, it is less than a year a way, and often much closer. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemporalLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Today ; owl:onProperty :alwaysFollows ] . :Nearby :isTheOppositeOf :Distant ; :ldoce "near" ; :wnsense "nearby1adj" ; :wordnet "nearby" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of things that are close in space, in some relative sense. For small objects, this means usually within the same building; for places, within walking distance. For large objects, such as planets, the sense can include gerat distances that are merely nearby reltive to alternative similar objects, as in the WordNet example: 'concentrated his study on the nearby planet Venus' NOTE: See also 'BeingInProximity' for the state in which things are 'Nearby' to each other. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nearby' and the part of sense 1 of 'near' referring to spatial proximity in WordNet: 1. (8) nearby - (close at hand; 'the nearby towns'; 'concentrated his study on the nearby planet Venus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Near . :NearlyFlatHolder a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NearlyFlatHolder' is an ArtifactObject that is a SupportingObject dsigned to hold solid things or near-solid things under the influence of gravity. A flat mason's hod as well as a nearly flat dish or tray are examples..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Holder, :SupportingObject . :Neat :ldoce "neat", "tidy" ; :wnsense "neat2adj", "tidy1adj" ; :wordnet "neat", "tidy" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of people who perform actions in a way displaying care and orderliness. @ToDo tempoprarily this includes the attribute of things that are orderly (sense 1 of WordNet). Sense 2 should be separate. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'neat' and sense 1 of 'tidy' in WordNet, applying only to people's behavior; for 'neat' referring to orderliness of some location or object (including people's appearance), use 'Tidy': in WordNet: 2. (1) neat - (showing care in execution; 'neat homework'; 'neat handwriting') WN adjective 'tidy': 1. tidy - (marked by good order and cleanliness in appearance or habits; 'a tidy person'; 'a tidy house'; 'a tidy mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Nebula :wnsense "nebula3n" ; :wordnet "nebula" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Nebula'' is a ''CloudlikeObject'' of ''DustParticle''s in OuterSpace that may have a ''GroupOfStars'' in it, especially when the Nebula is in the process of actively giving birth to new stars. These ojects are too faint to be discernable (as yet) anwhere other than within the MilkWay and nearby galaxies. Some are beautiful and inspiring, being lighted by nearby stars and having varied shapes. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'nebula' in WordNet: 3. nebula - (an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CloudlikeObject, :Group, :OuterSpaceObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DustParticle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Nebulous :isAnAttributeValueOf :View ; :wnsense "dim2adj", "nebulous1adj", "shadowy2adj", "vague3adj", "wispy2adj" ; :wordnet "dim", "nebulous", "shadowy", "vague", "wispy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Nebulous' is an AttributeValue of things (physical views or ideas) that are difficult to recognize or understand because the forms within them are poorly defined and indistinct. For texts difficult to understand beause of insufficient detail or confusing phrasing,, use the subtype ''Vague''. A ''View'' can be ''Nebulous'' when objects are made hard to see by clods or darkness. If this is a 'nebulous' definition, that's because the notion itself is. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nebulous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cloudy, nebulose, nebulous - (lacking definite form or limits; 'gropes among cloudy issues toward a feeble conclusion'- H.T.Moore; 'nebulous distinction between pride and conceit') WN and Includes part of adjective sense 2 of 'faint' : 2. (5) dim, faint, shadowy, vague, wispy - (lacking clarity or distinctness; 'a dim figure in the distance'; 'only a faint recollection'; 'shadowy figures in the gloom'; 'saw a vague outline of a building through the fog'; 'a few wispy memories of childhood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indistinct . :Necessarily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Necessary ; :wnsense "inevitably1adv", "necessarily1adv", "necessarily2adv", "necessarily3adv", "needfully1adv", "needs1adv", "of necessity1adv" ; :wordnet "inevitably", "necessarily", "needfully", "needs", "of necessity" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Necessarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that that attribute must apply; it can also serve as a ''AdverbOfManner'' or a sentential adverb. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'necessarily' in WordNet: 1. (5) necessarily, needfully - (in an essential manner; 'such expenses are necessarily incurred') 2. (4) inevitably, necessarily, of necessity, needs - (in such a manner as could not be otherwise; 'it is necessarily so'; 'we must needs by objective') 3. (1) necessarily - (as a highly likely consequence; 'we are necessarily bound for federalism in Europe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbialModifier . :Necessary :isAnAttributeValueOf :Requirement ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unnecessary ; :ldoce "necessary" ; :wnsense "necessary1adj", "needed1adj", "nonarbitrary1adj", "required1adj", "required2adj" ; :wordnet "necessary", "needed", "nonarbitrary", "required" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Necessary' is an AttributeValue of objects that are required in order to perform some action, or of Events (including PersistentStates) that must occur in order to achieve some Goal. This is one AttributeValue of the FutureSituation (including Actions) that is part of an Obligation; thus ''Compulsory''(=mandatory, required, obligatory) is a subtype. The ''Necessary'' Object can be abstract. **NOTE** just what kind of action an Object is ''Necessary'' for is not yet diretly linked to this AttributeValue other than by its link to the Type ''Requirement''.. NOTE that this is an EvaluativeAttribute, because what seems necessary to one person may not seem necessary to another, even if only to achieve a goal that both disagreeing persons believe to be important or desirable. Disagreement on necessity is a common phenomenon in political disagreements. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'necessary' and both senses of 'required' in WordNet: WN 'necessary' 1. (84) necessary - (absolutely essential) WN 'required': 1. (14) needed, needful, required, requisite - (necessary for relief or supply; 'provided them with all things needful') 2. (1) compulsory, mandatory, required - (required by rule; 'in most schools physical education is compulsory'; 'attendance is mandatory'; 'required reading') WN adj 'nonarbitrary': 1. nonarbitrary, unarbitrary - (not subject to individual determination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :NecessaryFutureSituation :ldoce "need" ; :wnsense "need2n" ; :wordnet "need" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NecessaryFutureSituation' is a FutureSituation that is necessary to occur for some agent to achieve a Goal or satisfy an Obligation. Corresponds to only part of noun sense 2 of 'need' in WordNet - that part where a 'need' is a situation, e.g. 'his greatest need was a good day's rest': in Wordnet: 2. (29) need, want - (anything that is necessary but lacking; 'he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs'; 'I tried to supply his wants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Necessary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NecessaryThing :ldoce "need" ; :wnsense "need2n" ; :wordnet "need" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anything - object or event - that is necessary to achieve some Goal. Can be expressed as a noun or verb: 'this plant has a need for water' 'This plant needs water'. This is specified as a 'Resource' though it may not exist - it is a 'possible' or 'desired' resource. See also subtype ''DesiredQuantity''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'need' in WordNet: 2. (29) need, want - (anything that is necessary but lacking; 'he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs'; 'I tried to supply his wants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource, :SalientThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Necessary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Goal :PossibleFutureSituation :GoalSituation :GoalType :EventType ) ] ] . :NecessitatingSomething :en "make necessary" ; :wnsense "entail2v", "implicate2v", "necessitate2v" ; :wordnet "entail", "implicate", "necessitate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''NecessitatingSomething'' is an Event (including static situations) that causes some situation that will be perceived by an IntelligentAgent as requiring some Action - represented here as a RiskySituation'' because not performing the 'needed' Action entails some risk of negative consequences.. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'necessitate' and verb sense 2 of 'entail' in WordNet: 2. (4) necessitate - (cause to be a concomitant) WN verb 'entail': 2. (3) entail, implicate - (impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result; 'What does this move entail?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :RiskySituation ] . :Necessity :wnsense "necessity2n" ; :wordnet "necessity" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Necessity' is something that is necessary for some purpose. This is a subtype of ''Requirement'' for ''Object''s. 'necessities of life' - food. shelter, clothing This is the subtype of ''Requirement'' for Objects, alternate to ''Precondition'' which is the subtype for Events. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'necessity' in WordNet: 2. (7) necessity, essential, requirement, requisite, necessary - (anything indispensable; 'food and shelter are necessities of life'; 'the essentials of the good life'; 'allow farmers to buy their requirements under favorable conditions'; 'a place where the requisites of water fuel and fodder can be obtained') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Requirement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Essential ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Neck :ldoce "neck" ; :wnsense "neck1n" ; :wordnet "neck" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The part of an animal body that connects the head and the trunk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neck' in WordNet: 1. (34) neck, cervix - (the part of an organism that connects the head to the rest of the body; 'he admired her long graceful neck') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart . :NeckAndBack :hasComponentElement :Back, :Neck ; a :Group, :Pair . :Neckerchief :guid "c15633ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "neckerchief1n" ; :wordnet "neckerchief" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of instances of #$Kerchief, folded or rolled and worn about the neck. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neckerchief' in WordNet: 1. neckerchief - (a kerchief worn around the neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :Kerchief, :PieceOfCloth, :SquareSheet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neck ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Necking :en "making out" ; :guid "bdfa2a64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "caressing1n", "cuddling1n", "fondling1n", "hugging1n", "kissing1n", "make out7v", "neck1v", "necking2n", "petting1n", "smooch1v", "smooching1n", "snog1v", "snuggling1n", "spoon2v" ; :wordnet "caressing", "cuddling", "fondling", "hugging", "kissing", "make out", "neck", "necking", "petting", "smooch", "smooching", "snog", "snuggling", "spoon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which two (usually not more) people engage in intimate kissing which is usually accompanied by close bodily contact (hugging at least) NOTE: this includes hugging (''Embracing'') and kissing, but other actions vary and the effects vary. This is commonly done by couples who do not have sexual interourse regularly. The kind of arousal done as a prelude to sexual intercourse is represented by ''Foreplay''. NOTE\" 'smooch' as a verb has a description in WordNet that differs from the meaning here, but in RHW it is similar to this type. NOTE: 'kissing' is a also a specific subEvent and 'hugging' is the parent ''Embracing''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'necking' in WordNet: 2. caressing, cuddling, fondling, hugging, kissing, necking, petting, smooching, snuggling - (affectionate play (or foreplay without contact with the genital organs)) WN verb 'neck': 1. neck, make out - (kiss, embrace, or fondle with sexual passion; 'The couple were necking in the back seat of the car') WN verb 'smooch': 1. smooch, snog, spoon - (snuggle and lie in a position where one person faces the back of the others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StimulatingSexualArousal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Embracing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KissingOnTheLips ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Necklace :guid "bd58cc9e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "necklace1n" ; :wordnet "necklace" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of necklaces, a kind of jewelry (usually circular in shape) intended to be worn around the neck. It is classified as a subtype of ''ClosableChain'' and when it is being worn, it is a ''ClosedLoopObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'necklace' in WordNet: 1. (1) necklace - (jewelry consisting of a cord or chain (often bearing gems) worn about the neck as an ornament (especially by women)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosableChain, :ClothingAccessory, :FlexibleObject, :Jewelry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neck ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Necktie :guid "c0fd55e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tie" ; :wnsense "necktie1n", "tie1n" ; :wordnet "necktie", "tie" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC called 'Tie-Clothing'. CYC: The collection of ties that are worn around the neck. This includes bowties, which are also represented by the subtype 'Bowtie'. (@ToDo: a subtype for hanging neckties? by what name?) In RHW both bowties and hanging ties are included in definition 1 of 'necktie': a band of decorative fabric worn around the neck, under the collar, and tied in front to hang down the front of a shirt or to form a small bow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'necktie' and sense 11 of 'tie' in WordNet: 1. (5) necktie, tie - (neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn (mostly by men) under a collar and tied in knot at the front; 'he stood in front of the mirror tightening his necktie'; 'he wore a vest and tie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :MensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neck ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neck ; owl:onProperty :isFlexiblySuspendedFrom ] . :Nectar :guid "c10090ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nectar1n" ; :wordnet "nectar" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A sweet liquid produced in the nectar glands (nectaries) of a flower. Its sweetening agent is commonly sucrose, but glucose and fructose can be present in significant quantity. The sugar composition of nectar varies with flower species, and can vary among individuals of a species. The composition may affect the type of pollinating insects.that a flower attracts. SUMO: A sweet, sticky liquid that is produced by Plants and that attracts Insects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nectar' in Wordnet: 1. (3) nectar - (a sweet liquid secretion that is attractive to pollinators) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :Nectary :guid "c1008fc9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "honey gland1n", "nectary1n" ; :wordnet "honey gland", "nectary" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The nectar gland of a flower. Attractive to pollinators such as bees and butterflies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nectary' in WordNet: 1. (1) nectary, honey gland - (a gland (often a protuberance or depression) that secretes nectar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantGland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nectar ; owl:onProperty :secretes ] . :Need1000Have100Dollars :hasFirstElement :OneHundredDollars ; :hasSecondElement :OneThousandDollars ; a :Deficit ; rdfs:comment """Testing ''Deficit'' """ . :NeedMicrotheory :guid "bd5906ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of Microtheories each containing those propositions that describe what some #$Agent needs to be true. This may be distinct from what the #$Agent wants to be true, and depends on some additional assessment of the #$Agent's need by someone else. It may include physical, financial or formal legal 'needs' of the #$Agent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microtheory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :describes ; owl:someValuesFrom :NecessaryFutureSituation ] . :Needle :guid "bd58aea4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "needle" ; :wnsense "needle3n" ; :wordnet "needle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A shaft-shaped metal object with a pointed tip. This is generic, and includes hypodermic needles (with interior channels), sewing needles with a hole at one end, well as solid pins. But it does not include integrated suringe/needle combinations; this type would only apply to the metal shaft component of such a device. A Phonograph needle would be a subtype, but is not at this point included in this sense. Possible extension. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'needle' in WordNet: 3. (1) needle - (a sharp pointed implement (usually steel)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :PointyEndedObject, :Shaft, :SharpObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :NeedleCraft :CYC "Needlepoint" ; :en "needlepoint" ; :guid "be224b73-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c0703fc5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "needlecraft2n", "needlework2n" ; :wordnet "needlecraft", "needlework" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NeedleCraft'' is the Action of producing esthetically pleasing objects with needle and thread. CYC has related activities that are not clearly distinguished: 'OrnamentalSewing': The collection of all sewing events that result in the production of some ornamental object. Examples are #$EmbroideringEvent and #$CrossStitchingEvent. A non-example is #$StitchingAWound. CYC: 'Needlepoint'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'needlecraft' in WordNet: 2. needlework, needlecraft - (work (such as sewing or embroidery) that is done with a needle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manufacturing, :NeedleCraft, :Sewing, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Needle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Needleworker :wnsense "needleworker1n" ; :wordnet "needleworker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who produces or modifies fabrics using a needle. That needle could be on a sewing machine, or a needle in the hand.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'needleworker' in WordNet: 1. needleworker - (someone who does work (as sewing or embroidery) with a needle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Maker, :SkilledWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingSomethingBySewing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Negative :isAnAttributeValueOf :Answer ; :wnsense "negative1adj" ; :wordnet "negative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Negative'' is an attribute in contrast to ''Positive'', regarding a ''Answer'' or reply. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'negative' in WordNet: 1. (12) negative - (characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features; 'a negative outlook on life'; 'a colorless negative personality'; 'a negative evaluation'; 'a negative reaction to an advertising campaign') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NegativeAnswerPhrase :wnsense "negative1n" ; :wordnet "negative" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NegativeAnswerPhrase'' is an 'AnswerPhrase' that is a negative response to a Question or proposal. This can be in response to any kind of question, or to a formal proposal that is subject to some form of voting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'negative' in WordNet: 1. (1) negative - (a reply of denial; 'he answered in the negative') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnswerPhrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:VotingAgainstSomething ) ] ] . :NegativeConsequence :en "negative consequence" ; :enn "negative consequence" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NegativeConsequence'' is an ''Aftermath'' that is undesirable to some degree, from merely unpleasant to fatal or disastrous. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aftermath, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undesirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NegativeInteger a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An Integer that is less than zero." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Integer, :NegativeRealNumber ; owl:disjointWith :NonnegativeInt . :NegativeRealNumber a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A RealNumber that is less than zero." ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealNumber . :Negatively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Negative ; :wnsense "negatively2adv" ; :wordnet "negatively" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Negatively'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions that refer to Events or Adjectives that can be viewed in a 'yes-no' sense, selecting the 'no' sense. 'he responded negatively'. 'She was negatively affected by the change.' Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'negatively' in Wordnet: 2. negatively - (in a negative way; 'he was negatively inclined') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :NegativelyCharged :isAnAttributeValueOf :ElectricalCharge ; :isTheOppositeOf :PositivelyCharged ; :wnsense "electronegative1adj", "negative2adj", "negatively charged1adj" ; :wordnet "electronegative", "negative", "negatively charged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NegativelyCharged'' is an attribute that specifies that some Object has an ''ElectricalCharge'' that is 'negative', i.e. the same value as that of an Electron, conrasting with 'positive' or 'neutral'.. NOTE: the difference between WN 'electronegative' and 'negatively charged' is vague; this type includes both, assuming they are identical. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'negative' in WordNet: 2. (4) negative, electronegative - (having a negative electric charge; 'electrons are negative') WN adj 'negatively charged': 1. (1) negatively charged - (having a negative charge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Neglected :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SkippingOverSomething ; :wnsense "neglected1adj" ; :wordnet "neglected" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Neglected'' is for an unintentional or forgetful lack of response to some situation; for intentionally ignoring a situation, use ''Ignored'' Corresponds to part (for *unintentionally* neglecting) adjective sense 1 of 'neglected' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ignored, neglected, unheeded - (disregarded; 'his cries were unheeded'; 'Shaw's neglected one-act comedy, `A Village Wooing''; 'her ignored advice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :NeglectingSomething :wnsense "fail1v", "neglect2v" ; :wordnet "fail", "neglect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NeglectingSomething'' is an ''Inaction'' in which someone fails to do something that is necessary or normal or expected or obligated - but not due to intentional inaction (see ''PurposefulInaction''), rather for any of various reasons, such as forgetfulness, preoccupation with other matters, distraction by other events. Neglecting a duty to other people is usually represented by the subtype ''NeglectingaCustodialDuty''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'neglect' in WordNet: 2. (4) fail, neglect - (fail to do something; leave something undone; 'She failed to notice that her child was no longer in his crib'; 'The secretary failed to call the customer and the company lost the account') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inaction, :PersistentState . :NeglectingaCustodialDuty :wnsense "neglect3n", "neglect3v", "neglect4n", "neglectfulness1n", "negligence2n" ; :wordnet "neglect", "neglectfulness", "negligence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NeglectingaCustodialDuty'' is a ''NeglectingSomething'' in which the 'something' is an Action required by a Person's Obligation (duty) to do something to keep other people safe or comfortable. This applies to people in charge of children or adults in a nursing home or hospital, or building custodians neglecting maintenance duties. 'child neglect' would be one subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 3 and non senses 3 and 4 of 'neglect' in WordNet: 3. (4) neglect - (fail to attend to; 'he neglects his children') WN noun 'neglect': 3. (1) disregard, neglect - (willful lack of care and attention) 4. negligence, neglect, neglectfulness - (the trait of neglecting responsibilities and lacking concern) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NeglectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ; owl:someValuesFrom :FulfillingAnObligation ] . :Negligence :wnsense "carelessness2n", "neglect5n", "negligence1n", "nonperformance1n" ; :wordnet "carelessness", "neglect", "negligence", "nonperformance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Negligence'' is the kind of ''NeglectingSomething'' that *might* cause harm to another Person and thus would provide a basis for suing to recover 'damages'. This includes some other kinds of 'negligence' but the borders are vague. For lawsuits, use this term (note the WN gloss use of *reasonable person*., as a lawyer might) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'negligence' in WordNet: 1. (2) negligence, carelessness, neglect, nonperformance - (failure to act with the prudence that a reasonable person would exercise under the same circumstances) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NeglectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventNotOccurring ; owl:someValuesFrom :FulfillingAnObligation ] . :Negligent :wnsense "negligent1adj", "negligent2adj" ; :wordnet "negligent" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """More intense than just 'careless' - suggests not properly performing an obligation. Difficult to distinguish senses 1 and 2. perhaps some relation to an ''Obligation'' could distingsuish ''negligent'' acts that could harm people (legal negligence) from those that cause error or inefficiency. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'negligent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) negligent - (characterized by neglect and undue lack of concern; 'negligent parents'; 'negligent of detail'; 'negligent in his correspondence') 2. negligent - (marked by insufficient care or attention; 'a negligent housekeeper'; 'negligent about personal cleanliness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Careless . :NegligiblySmall :isTheOppositeOf :Important ; :wnsense "negligible1adj", "negligible2adj", "nominal2adj", "token1adj", "tokenish1adj", "trifling1adj", "unimportant1adj" ; :wordnet "negligible", "nominal", "token", "tokenish", "trifling", "unimportant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute meaning 'too small to be important'. Relates to size (magnitude) of any kind. To small physically, too small in effect. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'negligible' and sense 5 of 'insignificant' in WordNet: 1. (7) negligible - (so small as to be meaningless; insignificant; 'the effect was negligible') 2. negligible, paltry, trifling - (not worth considering; 'he considered the prize too paltry for the lives it must cost'; 'piffling efforts'; 'a trifling matter') WN adjective 'nominal': 2. (1) nominal, token, tokenish - (insignificantly small; a matter of form only ('tokenish' is informal); 'the fee was nominal'; 'a token gesture of resistance'; 'a toknenish gesture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Small, :Trivial . :Negotiating :en "negotiating", "work toward an agreement", "working toward an agreement" ; :eng "negotiating" ; :guid "bd58edff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "negociate5v", "negotiate1v", "negotiation1n", "negotiation2n", "talk terms1v", "talks1n" ; :wordnet "negociate", "negotiate", "negotiation", "talk terms", "talks" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SocialOccurrence and #$MultiDirectionalCommunication. In each instance of this collection an #$IntelligentAgent communicates with another #$IntelligentAgent with the (ostensible) purpose of their reaching an #$Agreement. Two notable specializations of this collection are #$Bargaining and #$ContractNegotiation. SUMO: A Contest where each participant attempts to maximize his self-interest in a Promise that marks the end of the Contest. Includes verb sense 1 of 'negotiate' and noun sense 1 and 2 of 'negotiation' in Wordnet: 1. (17) negociate, negotiate, talk terms - (discuss the terms of an arrangement; 'They negotiated the sale of the house') WN noun 'negotiation': 1. (2) negotiation, dialogue, talks - (a discussion intended to produce an agreement; 'the buyout negotiation lasted several days'; 'they disagreed but kept an open dialogue'; 'talks between Israelis and Palestinians') 2. negotiation - (the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, :Discussion, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Agreement ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :Negotiator :guid "c10aee54-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "negotiant1n", "negotiator1n" ; :wordnet "negotiant", "negotiator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Negotiator'' is someone who negotiates. This is not necessarily done by a ''Representative'', as ''Negotiator''s may be negotiating on their own behalf, i.e. may be a 'principal' in the negotiation.. CYC: One who engages in discussions, working toward agreements between the organization they represent and some other organization or individual. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'negotiator' in WordNet: 1. negotiator, negotiant, treater - (someone who negotiates (confers with others in order to reach a settlement)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communicator, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Negotiating ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Negro :wnsense "Black person1n", "Black5n", "Negroid1n", "blackamoor1n", "negro1n" ; :wordnet "Black", "Black person", "Negroid", "blackamoor", "negro" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any person having a significant portion of negroid traits, paricularly as to skin color. Those who are residents in the United States with African heritage are now referred to as 'African-American', and the term 'Negro' is disapproved by many as a reference to this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'negro' in WordNet: 1. (22) Black, Black person, blackamoor, Negro, Negroid - (a person with dark skin who comes from Africa (or whose ancestors came from Africa)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity . :NegroRiver :guid "bd588c5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :SouthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the principal rivers of the world" . :Neighbor :ldoce "neighbor" ; :wnsense "neighbor1n", "neighbour1n" ; :wordnet "neighbor", "neighbour" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Neighbor' is a Person who lives in the Neighborhood of someone else to whom s/he is a Neighbor. To live in one's neighborhood, one must be within a short few minutes walking distance. Each 'Neighbor' is a Neighbor only with respect to some location, which must be specified by the restriction: to say that someone is one's neighor, one must specify where one is located: e.g. 'my neighbor in Fort Myers', where Fort Myers may only be a summer residence, not a permanent residence. This Role is meaningful only with respect to some other Person to whom the 'Neighbor' is also a 'Neighbor', as the relation is symmetrical - the Person who has the 'Neighbor' is designated by the 'isNearTo' relation (this is not always true - the neighbor 'lives' near, but is not always in the same location; but the relation should hold at *some* time). To fully express that the Neighbor resides in a Neighborhood, and a reciprocal Neighbor resides in the same Neighborhood would require FOL axioms or some symmetrical relation) A Neighbor is not necessarily an Acquaintance. Includes noun senses 1 of 'neighbor' in WordNet: 1. (23) neighbor, neighbour - (a person who lives (or is located) near another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :NeighboringObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Neighborhood ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Neighborhood :en "district" ; :guid "bd58b8fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "neighborhood" ; :wnsense "community7n", "neighborhood1n", "residential area1n", "residential district1n" ; :wordnet "community", "neighborhood", "residential area", "residential district" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A part of a 'HumanResidenceRegion', as in 'he lives in my neighborhood'. This is the region where one's neighbors live. In some places, a 'neighborhood' could be called a 'district', and although it is a place populated by people, it is not necessarily primarily a residential district, as in a 'financial district' or 'business district' of a city. See also 'CityArea', which seems to overlap, but the distinctions have not yet (rev1103) been detailed. Note that this is an OutdoorLocation. @ToDo - may be contradiction, if inside a house is part of a Neighborhood. NOTE that a 'Neighborhood' may but does not have to have a name. The boundaries of 'Neighborhood's are arbitrary and can overlap, being only an expression of relative nearness, and relatively small size (walking distance from one end to the other). The restriction requires that the large jurisdiction ('City') in which the Neighborhood is located be specified. RHW: 2. a district or locality, often with reference to its character or inhabitants: a fashionable neighborhood; to move to a nicer neighborhood. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'neighborhood' and part of sense 7 of 'community\" in WordNet, being only that part that is no larger than a city neighborhood of a few blocks in each direction.: in WordNet: WN noun 'community': 7. residential district, residential area, community - (a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences) WN noun 'neghborhood': 1. (28) vicinity, locality, neighborhood, neighbourhood, neck of the woods - (a surrounding or nearby region; 'the plane crashed in the vicinity of Asheville'; 'it is a rugged locality'; 'he always blames someone else in the immediate neighborhood'; 'I will drop in on you the next time I am in this neck of the woods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanResidenceRegion, :Locality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ; owl:someValuesFrom :CityRegion ] . :NeighborhoodFolk :en "district" ; :ldoce "neighborhood" ; :wnsense "community1n", "neighborhood2n" ; :wordnet "community", "neighborhood" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NeighborhoodFolk'' is the GroupOfPeople'' living within a short distance of someone (to whom this type relates as the reference Person). RHW: 3. a number of persons living near one another or in a particular locality: The whole neighborhood was there. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'neighborhood' and part (restricted in location to a neighborhood) of 'community' in WordNet, in WordNet: WN noun 'community': 2. (14) neighborhood, neighbourhood - (people living near one another; 'it is a friendly neighborhood'; 'my neighborhood voted for Bush') WN noun 'community': 1. (67) community - (a group of people living in a particular local area; 'the team is drawn from all parts of the community') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Neighbor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Neighboring :isAnAttributeValueOf :AdjacentCountries, :PairOfNeighbors ; :wnsense "neighboring1adj", "neighbouring1adj" ; :wordnet "neighboring", "neighbouring" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Neighboring'' is the attribute of some ''Pair'' of ''IntelligentAgent''s who reside very nearby (if people) or control territories (if ''GeopoliticalEntity''s) that are close (not necessarily ''Adjacent'' - that is represented as ''Adjacent''.) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neighboring' in Wordnet: 1. (6) neighboring, neighbouring - (situated near one another; 'neighbor states') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nearby . :NeighboringObject :ldoce "neighbor" ; :wnsense "neighbor2n", "neighbour2n" ; :wordnet "neighbor", "neighbour" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NeighboringObject' is an Object (physical or abstract) that is relatively close to another Object, in some Space. for people who live near each other, use the subtype 'Neighbor'. See 'isNearTo' for more discussion about the relative aspect of 'nearness'. This Role is meaningful only with respect to some other Object (usually of the same type) to whom the 'Neighbor' is also a 'Neighbor', as the relation is symmetrical. The Object that has the 'Neighbor' is designated by the 'isNearTo' relation; but for movable PhysicalObjects the relation may hold only at *some* time. A technical subtype could be 'nearest meighbor' in some mathematical or statistical analysis. This is not yet (rev1121) represented. coresponds to noun sense 2 of 'neighbor' in WordNet: 2. neighbor, neighbour - (a nearby object of the same kind; 'Fort Worth is a neighbor of Dallas'; 'what is the closest neighbor to the Earth?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Object ] . :Neighing :causes :NeighingSound ; :guid "c10ae62f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "neigh1v", "neighing1n" ; :wordnet "neigh", "neighing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Action which produces the common horse utterance. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'neigh' in WordNet: 1. neigh, nicker, whicker, whinny - (make a characteristic sound, of a horse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NeighingSound ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ] . :NeighingSound :guid "bd752673-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isEmittedBy :Horse ; :wnsense "neigh1n" ; :wordnet "neigh" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of neighing sounds made by #$Horses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neigh' in WordNet:""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :Nematode :guid "be8c81e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nematode1n" ; :wordnet "nematode" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Nematodes are microscopic worms that cause eighty billion dollars of crop loss in the world each year. Nematodes constitute one of the most important and abundant groups within the animal kingdom and are highly capable of surviving in any environment. In general, nematodes have slender, cylindrical, non-segmented bodies tapering towards the head and tail, but females of some of the plant-parasitic species assume varying forms, such as pear, lemon or kidney shapes. They are called plant-parasitic because of the nutrients they get from plants and have a needle-like structure called stylet, which is used to pierce plant cells to get food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nematode' in Wordnet: 1. nematode, nematode worm, roundworm - (unsegmented worms with elongated rounded body pointed at both ends; mostly free-living but some are parasitic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parasite, :Worm . :Neo-Paganists :believes :NeoPaganism ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ReligiousGroup . :NeoPaganism :hasBeliever :Neo-Paganists ; :hasTopic :ThereAreManyGods ; a :Religion . :Neodymium :guid "bd58d7c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "60"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Nd1n", "neodymium1n" ; :wordnet "Nd", "neodymium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of neodymium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Neodymium or NeodymiumStuff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neodymium' in WordNet: 1. neodymium, Nd, atomic number 60 - (a yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Neologism :wnsense "coinage2n", "neologism1n", "neology1n" ; :wordnet "coinage", "neologism", "neology" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neologism' in WordNet: 1. neologism, neology, coinage - (a newly invented word or phrase) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :Neologizing :en "neologise" ; :env "neologise" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW verb 'neologize': 1. to make or use new words or create new meanings for existing words. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neologism ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Neon :guid "bd58b09a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "10"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ne1n", "neon1n" ; :wordnet "Ne", "neon" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of neon in stuffeous form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neon' in WordNet: 1. neon, Ne, atomic number 10 - (a colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gases; occurs in the air in small amounts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Gas, :NonMetal . :Nepal :wnsense "Nepal1n" ; :wordnet "Nepal" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Nepal' in WordNet: 1. Nepal, Kingdom of Nepal - (a small landlocked Asian country high in the Himalayas between India and China) """ . :Nephew :wnsense "nephew1n" ; :wordnet "nephew" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The son of a brother or sister. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nephew' in WordNet: 1. (8) nephew - (a son of your brother or sister) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalRelation, :MalePerson . :Neptune :hasMassInGrams "1.0243E29"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "Neptune2n" ; :wordnet "Neptune" ; a :NonEarthSolarPlanet ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Neptune' in Wordnet: 2. Neptune - (a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; the 8th planet from the sun is the most remote of the gas giants; 'the existence of Neptune was predicted from perturbations in the orbit of Uranus and it was then identified in 1846') """ . :Neptunium :guid "bd58c032-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "93"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Np1n", "neptunium1n" ; :wordnet "Np", "neptunium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of neptunium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Neptunium or NeptuniumStuff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neptunium' in WordNet: 1. neptunium, Np, atomic number 93 - (a radioactive transuranic metallic element; found in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutonium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Nerd :wnsense "dweeb1n", "grind1n", "nerd1n", "swot1n", "wonk1n" ; :wordnet "dweeb", "grind", "nerd", "swot", "wonk" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nerd'' is a Student who is considered as overly studious and socially inept by other students. NOTE: 'wonk' is a synonym of 'nerd' but 'wonk' is also used to characterise a Person who concerns her/himself with technical details of some subject or issue or problem. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nerd' in WordNet: 1. swot, grind, nerd, wonk, dweeb - (an insignificant student who is ridiculed as being affected or studying excessively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanYouth, :Student, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nerdy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Nerdy :en "nerdy" ; :enadj "nerdy" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :pertainsTo :Nerd ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Nerdy' is a pertaining attribute relating to ''Nerd''s, usually meaning overly studious to the point of ignoring social graces. Usually applied to male students. RHW adj 'nerdy': Slang. of or like a nerd. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :Studious . :Nerve :isAnOrganicPartOf :Animal ; :ldoce "nerve" ; :wnsense "nerve1n" ; :wordnet "nerve" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One or more bundles of fibers forming part of the nervous system in animals, that conveys electrical impulses between parts of the body, to detect sensation or cause motion of muscle fibers. Nerves may extend from the brain to the periphery of an animal, or from the spinal cord to other parts of the body, without passing through the brain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nerve' in WordNet: 1. (6) nerve, nervus - (any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Neuron ] . :NerveCell :wnsense "nerve cell1n", "neuron1n" ; :wordnet "nerve cell", "neuron" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NerveCell'' is a ''Cell'' that is part of a the nervous system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nerve cell' in WordNet: 1. nerve cell, neuron - (a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cell . :NerveFiber :wnsense "nerve fiber1n", "nerve fibre1n" ; :wordnet "nerve fiber", "nerve fibre" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NerveFiber'' is a ''Fiber'' that is a projecting part of a ''NerveCell''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nerve fiber' in WordNet: 1. nerve fiber, nerve fibre - (a threadlike extension of a nerve cell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CellPart, :Fiber, :SurfaceSpike, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NerveCell ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NerveImpulse ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :NerveImpulse :wnsense "impulse3n", "nerve impulse1n" ; :wordnet "impulse", "nerve impulse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nerve Impulse'' is an ''ElectricalDischarge'' along some ''NerveFiber''. This is accomplished by movement of ions across the NerveFiber membrane, not by movement of electrons in a conductor.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nerve impulse' in WordNet: 1. nerve impulse, impulse - (the electrical discharge that travels along a nerve fiber; 'they demonstrated the transmission of impulses from the cortex to the hypothalamus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalConduction, :ElectricalDischarge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NerveFiber ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ion ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :Nerviness :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Brazen, :Cheeky ; :ldoce "nerve" ; :wnsense "boldness2adj", "brass4n", "cheek4n", "face12n", "nerve3n" ; :wordnet "boldness", "brass", "cheek", "face", "nerve" ; a :ActionType, :PersonalityTraitType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'nerve' in WordNet: 3. boldness, nerve, brass, face, cheek - (impudent aggressiveness; 'I couldn't believe her boldness'; 'he had the effrontery to question my honesty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aggressiveness, :Impudence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impudent ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Nervous :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Nervousness ; :ldoce "nervous" ; :wnsense "nervous2adj", "queasy3adj", "uneasy1adj", "uneasy2adj" ; :wordnet "nervous", "queasy", "uneasy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling Nervousness. 'uneasy lies the head that wears the crown'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'nervous' and includes adjective sense 1 of 'uneasy' in WordNet: 2. anxious, nervous, queasy, uneasy, unquiet - (causing or fraught with or showing anxiety; 'spent an anxious night waiting for the test results'; 'cast anxious glances behind her'; 'those nervous moments before takeoff'; 'an unquiet mind') WN adjective 'uneasy': 1. (15) uneasy - (lacking a sense of security or affording no ease or reassurance; 'farmers were uneasy until rain finally came'; 'uneasy about his health'; 'gave an uneasy laugh'; 'uneasy lies the head that wears the crown'; 'an uneasy coalition government'; 'an uneasy calm'; 'an uneasy silence fell on the group') 'an unquiet mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concerned, :FeelingAttribute . :NervousSystem :guid "bd5893fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nervous system1n" ; :wordnet "nervous system" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem and #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$NervousSystem is a bodily system composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves of an animal (see the collections #$Brain, #$SpinalCord, and #$Nerve). This system enables the animal to receive, interpret, and respond to various stimuli. NOTE: as a ''System'' this is a Group,but it contains not only ''NerveCell's but other things as well, including the connections and relations between the component cells and to other cells otside the NervousSystem.. SUMO: A system in Vertebrates that is made up of the Brain, the spinal cord, nerves, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nervous system' in WordNet: 1. (2) nervous system, systema nervosum - (the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :PhysiologicalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NerveCell ; owl:minCardinality "50" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Nervously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Nervous ; :wnsense "nervously1adv" ; :wordnet "nervously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nervously'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions to specify that the actions described were performed in a ''Nervous'' manner or in a manner exxhibiting nervousness. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'nervously' in Wordnet: 1. (3) nervously - (in an anxiously nervous manner; 'we watched the stock market nervously') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Nervousness :guid "bd58c25a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nervousness1n" ; :wordnet "nervousness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Feeling of nervousness and excitability. One can be nervous ABOUT something in particular, or one can have undirected feelings of anxiety. For the former, state an assertion of the form (#$feelsTowardsObject AGT OBJ #$Nervousness DEGREE) or (#$feelsTowardsEvent AGT EVNT #$Nervousness DEGREE); but for the latter (undirected feelings of anxiety) use (#$feelsEmotion AGT #$Nervousness). Note: This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. A more specialized #$FeelingType than #$Nervousness is #$Panic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nervousness' in Wordnet: 1. (1) jitteriness, jumpiness, nervousness, restiveness - (the anxious feeling you have when you have the jitters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anxiety . :Nest :guid "bd9631d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "nest" ; :wnsense "nest1n" ; :wordnet "nest" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all nests built by animals. #$NestForBirds and #$NestForBees are two major specializations of #$Nest. Note: a 'Nest' is used not just for an overnight stay, but for any of the ''BiologicalDevelopmentEvent''s involved in reproducing, including hatching and maturing,i.e.any phase in life from birth to leaving the nest. SUMO: Any structure which is created by nonhuman Animals for the purpose of giving birth to their offspring. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nest' in WordNet: 1. (14) nest - (a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalMadeShelter, :Habitation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeastType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nesting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BiologicalDevelopmentEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :NestForBees :en "bees nest" ; :guid "bd58a6f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Nest created by some Bees. No 'beehive' in CYC. Unclear if this is a synonym or parent type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Bee ] . :NestForBirds :guid "bd589c34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bird nest1n", "bird's nest1n", "birdnest1n" ; :wordnet "bird nest", "bird's nest", "birdnest" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Nest created by a Bird. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bird nest' in WordNet: 1. bird's nest, bird nest, birdnest - (nest where birds lay their eggs and hatch their young) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Bird ] . :Nesting :en "nesting" ; :ldoce "nest" ; :wnsense "nest1v" ; :wordnet "nest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Nesting is the action of an animal that dwells in a 'nest', usually for the purpose of breeding, such as laying eggs. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nest' in WordNet: 1. (4) nest - (inhabit a nest, usually after building; 'birds are nesting outside my window every Spring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DwellingSomewhere . :NetFinancialAssets :en "net financial assets" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NetFinancialAssets'' is the difference between Assets and Debts (or liabilities). For an individual it is considered 'net worth'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialAsset . :NetTrap :ldoce "net" ; :wnsense "net2n" ; :wordnet "net" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NetTrap' is a 'net' designed to trap animals. NOTe that this includes ''SpiderWeb''s - other more specific trap nets can be defined when needed as subtypes of this. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'net' in WordNet: 2. (2) net - (a trap made of netting to catch fish or birds or insects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mesh, :TrapDevice . :Netherlands :wnsense "Netherlands1n" ; :wordnet "Netherlands" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Netherlands' in WordNet: 1. Netherlands, The Netherlands, Kingdom of The Netherlands, Nederland, Holland - (a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level) """ . :NetherlandsAntilles a :Country . :Netting :guid "bd589af2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasUnitObject :FilamentlikeObject ; :wnsense "netting1n" ; :wordnet "netting" ; a :FabricType, :PorousSheetType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Netting'' is a substance that is sheet-like that is made of thread-like fibers (wire, plastic, thread, rope) that crosseach other but is not woven, in that the crossing fibers are connected to each other at the crossing points. Thus woven nets like 'Screening' are not subtypes. CYC: A fabric of cords or wires that cross at regular intervals and are knotted at the crossings. There is no exact WN synset for this sense; the closest is 'netting', but that seems to be woven and transparent,not characteristics of this type. Corresponds only approximately to *part* (not necesarily transparent) of noun sense 1 of 'netting' in WordNet: 1. gauze, netting, veiling - (a net of transparent fabric with a loose open weave) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericNetwork, :SheetlikeSubstance . :NettleOrder :guid "bd58fbee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nettle1n" ; :wordnet "nettle" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nettle' in Wordnet: 1. nettle - (any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :Network :ldoce "network" ; :wnsense "network1n" ; :wordnet "network" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Object that is composed of multiple, mostly similar parts that are connected to each other by paths (physical or metaphorical) in such a way that the combination of connections imparts certain properties to the whole that arise from the multiple connections and are not present with only one or two connections - though three or four pieces or connections can form a primitive Network (as in a PictureFrame). A SpiderWeb is an instance of Network. This is a very general notion, including both physical and abstract Objects, such as computer networks, social networks of people, broadcasting networks, netting (for various purposes, such as fish nets), and frameworks for buildings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'network' in WordNet: 1. (23) network, web - (an interconnected system of things or people; 'he owned a network of shops'; 'retirement meant dropping out of a whole network of people who had been part of my life'; 'tangled in a web of cloth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalSystem, :GenericNetwork . :NetworkCommunication :en "computer network communication", "network communication" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any form of communication within a ''ComputerNetwork'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicatingUsingADevice, :ComputerActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerNetwork ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :NetworkContext a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The NetworkContext of a computational system consists of the number, type, and status of network connections connected to system ports, as well as any the type and status of software components that have the capbility of interacting with networks. A 'netowrk' includes only those communications links that are connected to other computers; links to other devices such as measuring devices or non-network output devices, are not condered as part of the 'network'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SystemContext . :NetworkOfLines a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NetworkOfLines'' is a ''GenericNetwork'' that is a pattern of intersecting lines on a surface having some contrasting background color. The pattern formed by the lines can be almost anything with more than one intersection except a pattern of mostly non-intersecting or mostly parallel ''Stripe''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericNetwork, :PatternOfLines, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Line ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ] . :NetworkRouter :wnsense "router2n" ; :wordnet "router" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'router' in WordNet: 2. router - ((computer science) a device that forwards data packets between computer networks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :TransmittingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoutingData ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Neural :pertainsTo :Neuron ; :wnsense "nervous3adj", "neural1adj" ; :wordnet "nervous", "neural" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neural' in Wordnet: 1. nervous, neural - (of or relating to the nervous system; 'nervous disease'; 'neural disorder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :NeuralProcess :en "neural process" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NeuralProcess'' is a ''BiologicalProcess'' of any type, including biochemical reactions,interactions of ''BiochemicalCompound''s with each other and with neural membranes. transport of substances across neural membranes, increases or decreases in neueal membrane permeability, and any other Event that occurs characteristically inside or around a neuron. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalProcess . :NeuralStructure :wnsense "neural structure1n" ; :wordnet "neural structure" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neural structure' in WordNet: 1. neural structure - (a structure that is part of the nervous system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalStructure, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neuron ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Neuralgia :guid "be8eed20-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "neuralgia1n", "neuralgy1n" ; :wordnet "neuralgia", "neuralgy" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neuralgia' in WordNet: 1. neuralgia, neuralgy - (acute spasmodic pain along the course of one or more nerves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :PainOrAche . :Neurobiology :wnsense "neurobiology1n" ; :wordnet "neurobiology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Neurobiology'' is the branch of ''Biology'' that studies the ''NervousSystem''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurobiology' in WordNet: 1. neurobiology - (the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy and physiology and pathology of the nervous system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NervousSystem ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Neurochemical :wnsense "neurochemical1n" ; :wordnet "neurochemical" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Neurochemical'' is a ''BiochemicalCompound'' that performs some function in the transmission of neural impulses in an animal nervous system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurochemical' in WordNet: 1. neurochemical - (any organic substance that occurs in neural activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalCompound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neuron ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neurotransmission ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Neurological :pertainsTo :NeurologicalDisease, :Neurology ; :wnsense "neurologic1adj", "neurological1adj" ; :wordnet "neurologic", "neurological" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neurological' in Wordnet: 1. (1) neurological, neurologic - (of or relating to or used in or practicing neurology; 'neurological evidence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :NeurologicalDisease :guid "c1078ca8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nervous disorder1n", "neurological disease1n", "neurological disorder1n" ; :wordnet "nervous disorder", "neurological disease", "neurological disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurological disease' in WordNet: 1. nervous disorder, neurological disorder, neurological disease - (a disorder of the nervous system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition . :Neurologist :guid "bd588994-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "brain doctor1n", "neurologist1n" ; :wordnet "brain doctor", "neurologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: ''Neurologis''s are doctors who are skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and disease of the nervous system.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurologist' in WordNet: 1. neurologist, brain doctor - (a medical specialist in the nervous system and the disorders affecting it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NervousSystem ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neurology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Neurology :wnsense "clinical neurology1n", "neurology1n", "neurology2n" ; :wordnet "clinical neurology", "neurology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Neurology'' is the branch of ''Medicine'' concerned with how the nervous system functions, and how it malfunctions. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'neurology' in WordNet: 1. neurology - (the branch of medical science that deals with the nervous system) 2. neurology, clinical neurology - ((neurology) the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system and its disorders) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NervousSystem ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PainOrAche ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Neuron :guid "bd58e352-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nerve cell1n", "neuron1n" ; :wordnet "nerve cell", "neuron" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single nerve cell. CYC: The collection of nerve cells. The #$Neuron is the basic structural unit of the #$NervousSystem. A bundle of #$Neurons together makes up a #$Nerve. #$Neurons can have axons which are quite long. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neuron' in WordNet: 1. nerve cell, neuron - (a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyRegion, :SolidObject . :Neuronal :pertainsTo :Neuron ; :wnsense "neural2adj", "neuronal1adj", "neuronic1adj" ; :wordnet "neural", "neuronal", "neuronic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Neuronal'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to one or Group of ''Neuron''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'neural' in Wordnet: 2. neural, neuronal, neuronic - (of or relating to neurons; 'neural network') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Neuropathy :wnsense "neuropathy1n" ; :wordnet "neuropathy" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Neuropathy'' is any ''NeurologicalDisease'' that primarily affects the peripheral nerves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neuropathy' in WordNet: 1. neuropathy - (any pathology of the peripheral nerves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NeurologicalDisease . :Neuroscience :wnsense "neuroscience1n" ; :wordnet "neuroscience" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Neuroscience'' is a subtype of ''Neurobiology'' that studies the ''NervousSystem'' with more emphasis on the internal processes of ''Neuron''s. Difference between ''Neuroscience'' and ''Neurobiology''??? Should the parenttype/subtype relation be reversed? RHW 'neuroscience': the field of study encompassing the various scientific disciplines dealing with the structure, development, function, chemistry, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neuroscience' in WordNet: 1. neuroscience - (the scientific study of the nervous system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Neurobiology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NervousSystem ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Neurotransmission :en "neurotransmission" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BiologicalProcess'' is any of the many types of activity that occur characteristically in Organisms, usually involving some types of bichemical reaction or interaction of ''BiochemicalCompound''s with each other or parts of the organism (such as binding to membranes, transport across membranes, stimulating or suppressing nerotransmission, anabolism or catabolism, muscular actions, production or secretions of substances, or neural processes causing muscular or other physiological effects, among many others). RHW: neurotransmission, n. the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalProcess . :Neurotransmitter :wnsense "neurotransmitter1n" ; :wordnet "neurotransmitter" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Neurotransmitter'' is a ''Neurochemical'' that stimulates ''''. ? use ''supportsFunctioningOf'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neurotransmitter' in WordNet: 1. neurotransmitter - (transmits nerve impulses across a synapse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalCompound . :Neutral :wnsense "neutral1adj" ; :wordnet "neutral" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Neutral'' is the ''GoodnessValue'' that is neither ''Good''' nor ''Bad'. A very broad EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated does not have any special character to make it seem beneficial or detriental for the evaluator's purpose. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neutral' in WordNet: 1. (5) neutral - (neither moral nor immoral; neither good nor evil, right nor wrong) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue, :Positive . :NeutralParty :en "neutral party" ; :enn "neutral party" ; :wnsense "neutral1n" ; :wordnet "neutral" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Needs to be broadened to include countries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neutral' in WordNet: 1. neutral - (one who does not side with any party in a war or dispute) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unbiased ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impartial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NeutralZone a :Country . :Neutralized :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Neutralizing ; :wnsense "neutralised1adj", "neutralized1adj" ; :wordnet "neutralised", "neutralized" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neutralized' in Wordnet: 1. (1) neutralized, neutralised - (made neutral in some respect; deprived of distinctive characteristics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Weaker . :Neutralizing :wnsense "negate4v", "neutralise3v", "neutralize2v", "nullify3v" ; :wordnet "negate", "neutralise", "neutralize", "nullify" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Neutralizing'' is the Event that leads to a complete elimination of some attribute that can be present or absent in an Object. Partial elimination would be a ''Reduction''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'neutralize' in WordNet: 2. (1) neutralize, neutralise, nullify, negate - (make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of; 'Her optimism neutralizes his gloom'; 'This action will negate the effect of my efforts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weakening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weaker ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :NeutralizingAnAcid :wnsense "neutralise3v", "neutralize2v" ; :wordnet "neutralise", "neutralize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NeutralizingAnAcid'' is an Event in which some acdic substance loses its acidity, typically by the addition of something such as a basic substance (like 'lye') or something else that reacts with the acid (such as ''BakingSoda''). Corresponds to part (for chemical acidity( verb sense 1 of 'neutralize' in WordNet: 2. (1) neutralize, neutralise, nullify, negate - (make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of; 'Her optimism neutralizes his gloom'; 'This action will negate the effect of my efforts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Neutralizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicallyNeutral ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Neutrino :wnsense "neutrino1n" ; :wordnet "neutrino" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Neutrino'' is a FundamentalParticle with a neutral charge, very light and interacting very weakly with other forms of matter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neutrino' in WordNet: 1. neutrino - (an elementary particle with zero charge and zero mass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubAtomicParticle . :Neutron :guid "bd588216-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "neutron1n" ; :wordnet "neutron" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Nucleon. Each instance of #$Neutron is a nucleon with an electrical charge of 0. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neutron' in Wordnet: 1. neutron - (an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nucleon . :Neutrophil :guid "be08cf28-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "neutrophil1n", "neutrophile1n" ; :wordnet "neutrophil", "neutrophile" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subclass of #$WhiteBloodCell, quite similar to #$Macrophage in size, structure and function, which, unlike macrophages, circulate in the #$Blood. Given chemical stimulus they exit the bloodstream and enter tissues. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neutrophil' in WordNet: 1. (5) neutrophil, neutrophile - (the chief phagocytic leukocyte; stains with either basic or acid dyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WhiteBloodCell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ] . :Never :ldoce "never" ; :wnsense "never1adv" ; :wordnet "never" ; a :NeverEver ; rdfs:comment """'Never' is the only instance of the type 'NeverEver'; This is a TimeInterval that cannot exist, because 'NeverEver' is defined as disjoint with 'TimeInterval' and therefore cannot overlap any real TimeInterval. 'Never' can serve to represent the meaning of 'never' in the ontology. The instance 'Never' Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 1 of 'never' in WordNet: 1. (255) never, ne'er - (not ever; at no time in the past or future; 'I have never been to China'; 'I shall never forget this day'; 'had never seen a circus'; 'never on Sunday'; 'I will never marry you!') """ . :NeverEver a :TemporalLocationType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'NeverEver' is the type that includes all time intervals that aredescribed as 'never', i.e. TimeIntervals that do not exist. As a crude approximation to the meaning of 'never', 'NeverEver' is defined as disjoint with 'TimeInterval' and therefore cannot overlap any real TimeInterval. The instance 'Never' can serve to represent the meaning of 'never' in the ontology. The instance 'Never' Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 1 of 'never' in WordNet: 1. (255) never, ne'er - (not ever; at no time in the past or future; 'I have never been to China'; 'I shall never forget this day'; 'had never seen a circus'; 'never on Sunday'; 'I will never marry you!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemporalLocation ; owl:disjointWith :TimeInterval . :NeverMarried :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :DeathOfaSpouse ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unmarried . :New :isTheOppositeOf :Antique ; :ldoce "new", "recent" ; :wnsense "new1adj", "recent1adj" ; :wordnet "new", "recent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to things that are recently created - artificially or naturally. 'New' is a vague term, and relative to normal time period expectations. This is for objects; for Events that have occured in the near past, use 'Recent'. The linguistic usage of 'new' and 'recent' overlap, but this COSMO sense sould only be applies to objects that have been recently created ('a newborn baby') For the sense of 'newly invented' use 'Novel-New'. Cyc: The collection of all #$Artifacts which have been recently (a context-dependent term) produced and are in a state little altered from that immediately following manufacture. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'new' and part of sense 1 of 'recent' in WordNet: 1. (980) new - (not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered; 'a new law'; 'new cars'; 'a new comet'; 'a new friend'; 'a new year'; 'the New World') WN 'recent' 1. (36) recent - (being new in a time not long past; 'recent graduates'; 'a recent addition to the house'; 'recent buds on the apple trees') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NewArtifact :en "new artifact", "unused artifact" ; :enn "new artifact", "unused artifact" ; :guid "7c370e2c-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Artifacts which have been recently (a context-dependent term) produced and are in a state little altered from that immediately following manufacture. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :New ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NewCaledonia a :Country . :NewDevelopment :wnsense "development3n" ; :wordnet "development" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NewDevelopment'' is a new ''PersistentState'' caused by some recent ''Arising'' Event that changes a situation of interest to some people, that has occurred in the recent past in which new things have happened to some entity (often people or social situations or research results) that may be discussed or reported on (as 'Breaking News'). 'The latest developments in the DOD kickback scandal.' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'development' in WordNet: 3. (89) development - (a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation; 'recent developments in Iraq'; 'what a revolting development!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Novel-New ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Arising ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :NewFangled :isTheOppositeOf :Modern, :OldFashioned ; :wnsense "newfangled1adj" ; :wordnet "newfangled" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'NewFangled' is an EvaluativeAttribute assigned to things that have replaced older things in common use, and are considerd by the speaker to be no real improvement over the old, bu their system of setting value. This is an EvalutativeAttribute because certain communities may consider something new-fangled and of lesser value, while others may not. This attribute is relative to some community which considers the older usage to be most appropriate. This is an approximate opposite of 'old-fashioned'. 'newfangled contraptions'. The Old-Order Amish consider as lot of things to be 'Newfangled'. This should be used only in the context of a speaker expressing a value judgment. Corrresponds to the only adjective sense of 'newfangled' in WordNet: 1. newfangled, new - ((of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new; 'newfangled ideas'; 'she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :New . :NewFound :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Finding-Generic ; :wnsense "newfound1adj" ; :wordnet "newfound" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'newfound' in Wordnet: 1. newfound - (newly discovered; 'his newfound aggressiveness'; 'Hudson pointed his ship down the coast of the newfound sea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :NewHire :wnsense "hire1n" ; :wordnet "hire" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for ''Civilian''s. Military newbies are represented by ''Recruit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hire' in WordNet: 1. hire - (a newly hired employee; 'the new hires need special training') WN noun 'recruit': 2. (2) recruit, enlistee - (any new member or supporter (as in the armed forces)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Civilian, :Employee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmployeeHiring ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :NewKnowledge a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'NewKnowledge' is ''Knowledge'' that was not previously known (by the Person to whom it is ''New''). This may be acqired by reading, research, observation, reasoning, or''Insight'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :New ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NewLife :en "new life", "second life" ; :enn "new life", "second life" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NewLife'' is a mythological or religious concept of a 'Lifetime' that starts after a Person has died and resumes that Person's life in some form. Being mythological, the form of life can differ depending on who is hypothesizing this kind of phenomenon. If the ''NewLife'' contines for eternit, it is aninstance of the subtype ''EternalLife''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lifetime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Death ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :NewOrleans :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :NewOrleansArea ; a :City, :USCity . :NewOrleansArea :contains :NewOrleansObject ; :isSmallerThan :TheUnitedStatesArea ; a :CityRegion . :NewOrleansFloodRelief2005 :enablesOrAssists :DrivingOfTheGoldenSpike ; :hadAgentHelped :CitizenryOfTheNewOrleans ; :hadRecipient :CitizenryOfTheNewOrleans ; :hasEndingPlace :NewOrleans ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :Surviving ; :hasTemporalLocation :Date20050913 ; :wasMotivatedBy :TheNewOrleansFloodOf2005 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :CitizenryOfTheUSA ; a :ProvidingEmergencyRelief . :NewOrleansObject :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isContainedIn :NewOrleansArea ; a :CityObject . :NewResidence :en "new residence" ; a :ObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NewResidence'' is the ''Residence'' that a person occupies immediately *after* a ''ChangeOfResidence''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residence . :NewTestament :wnsense "New Testament1n" ; :wordnet "New Testament" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''NewTestament'' is the abstract content of that part of the ''Bible'' approved by Christian authorities as properly representing the teacings of Jesus Christ. This includes the first four books of the New Testament and the Acts of the Apostles and Revelation and Letters of the apostles to early Christian groups.. The individual ''Gospel''s (Metthew Mark Luke or John) would be separate parts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'New Testament' in WordNet: 1. (2) New Testament - (the collection of books of the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, the Pauline and other epistles, and Revelation; composed soon after Christ's death; the second half of the Christian Bible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scripture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Christianity ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChristianGroup ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bible ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :NewYorkAquarium a :Aquarium-Organization ; rdfs:comment "Located at Coney Island in New York City. " . :NewYorkCityInhabitants :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople ; rdfs:comment "Anyone in New York city at a particular time." . :NewYorkCityNY_USA :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :NewYorkCityRegion ; :hasAuthorityOver :NewYorkCityInhabitants ; :inContext :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :City, :LargestCityByPopulation, :LargestThingInaContext, :USCity, :UniqueThingInaContext . :NewYorkCityRegion :isSpatiallyDisjointWith :DublinIreland, :LondonArea ; :isaSpatialPartOf :TheUnitedStatesArea ; a :CityRegion ; rdfs:comment """The physical area of The city of New York. This object includes the space containing everything in the city (at any given time), including the people.""" . :NewYorkCop a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any police officer employed by New York City." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliceOfficer-Municipal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewYorkCityNY_USA ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :NewYorkDailyNews a :Tabloid . :NewYorkYankees :isaCompetitorOf :RedSox ; :wasaCompetitorInCompetition :BaseballGame, :TheSeventhGameOfThe2004WorldSeriesALPlayoff ; :wasaContestantInCompetition :TheSeventhGameOfThe2004WorldSeriesALPlayoff ; a :SportsTeam . :NewZealand a :Country . :Newbie :wnsense "entrant2n", "fledgeling1n", "fledgling1n", "neophyte2n", "newbie1n", "starter4n" ; :wordnet "entrant", "fledgeling", "fledgling", "neophyte", "newbie", "starter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Newbie'' is a Person who has recently begun some activity. Subtypes are ''Freshman'' (for schools) and ''Novice'' (for types of skilled activity) and 'Newcomer'' for recent arrivals to a place. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newbie' in WordNet: 1. newcomer, fledgling, fledgeling, starter, neophyte, freshman, newbie, entrant - (any new participant in some activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole . :NewbornAnimal :guid "16da1571-acb8-11d7-96b7-0002b35bb117" ; a :LifeStageType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$LifeStageType and a specialization of #$JuvenileAnimal. #$NewbornAnimal is the collection of all animals that are newly born.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :JuvenileAnimal . :NewbornBaby :guid "c10b6a9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "baby" ; :wnsense "baby1n", "infant1n", "neonate1n", "newborn infant1n", "newborn1n" ; :wordnet "baby", "infant", "neonate", "newborn", "newborn infant" ; a :LifeStageType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The stage of life from birth to a few weeks old, normally before a child interacts much with its environment. Linguistically, 'baby' (and less often 'infant') are used to refer to a newborn, and in medicine, 'the technical term 'neonate' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'neonate' and sense 1 of 'newborn' in WordNet: 1. neonate, newborn, newborn infant, newborn baby - (a baby from birth to four weeks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanInfant, :NewbornAnimal . :Newcomer :wnsense "newcomer2n" ; :wordnet "newcomer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Newcomer'' is a ''Person'' who has recently arived in some Place. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'newcomer' in WordNet: 2. (1) newcomer - (a recent arrival; 'he's a newcomer to Boston') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Newbie . :Newly :isAnAttributeValueOf :PastParticiple ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :New ; :wnsense "fresh1adv", "freshly1adv", "new1adv", "newly1adv", "recently2adv" ; :wordnet "fresh", "freshly", "new", "newly", "recently" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Newly'' is an 'AdverbOfManner'' typically modifying a past participle that is serving as an adjective as in 'newly minted' or 'new-mown hay'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'newly' in WordNet: 1. (12) recently, newly, freshly, fresh, new - (very recently; 'they are newly married'; 'newly raised objections'; 'a newly arranged hairdo'; 'grass new washed by the rain'; 'a freshly cleaned floor'; 'we are fresh out of tomatoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Newlywed :wnsense "honeymooner1n", "newlywed1n" ; :wordnet "honeymooner", "newlywed" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of a ''Newlywed'', a recently marrried person. (within the past year?)' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newlywed' in WordNet: 1. newlywed, honeymooner - (someone recently married) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Participant, :Person, :Spouse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Marriage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marriage ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :News :guid "bd58dbd1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "news" ; :wnsense "news1n", "news2n", "news4n" ; :wordnet "news" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AbstractText representing some information that is purported to be new (as contrasted with old or stale) information. This is the collective term and is therefore a Group: a single piece of 'news' (is there such a thing?) would be a ''NewsItem'' (not yet represented) NOTE: in COSMO this is an abstract LinguisticAssertion, not an Event. Also, in contrast to the CYC usage, a 'news article' could be an instance of 'News'. CYC: A specialization of #$PropositionalInformationThing. Each instance of #$News consists of some factual information about recent events in the world (or #$geographicalSubRegions thereof). News is commonly embodied in newspapers and communicated through radio and television news broadcasts. Note that #$News does not include as instances any instance of #$NewsArticle (q.v.). Rather, an instance of #$News might be the content of a #$NewsArticle, and could be the content of distinct #$NewsArticles. Includes sense 1, 2, and 4 of 'news' in Wordnet: 1. (300) news, intelligence, tidings, word - (new information about specific and timely events; 'they awaited news of the outcome') 2. (141) news - (new information of any kind; 'it was news to me') 4. (58) news - (information reported in a newspaper or news magazine; 'the news of my death was greatly exaggerated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :New ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewsItem ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :NewsBoy :wnsense "newsboy1n" ; :wordnet "newsboy" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NewsBoy'' is a young male ''DeliveryPerson'' who delivers ''NewspaperCopy''s Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newsboy' in WordNet: 1. (2) carrier, newsboy - (a boy who delivers newspapers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeliveryPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeliveringNewspapers ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :NewsBroadcasting :en "news broadcasting" ; :enn "news broadcasting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NewsBroadcasting'' is the Action of ''Broadcasting'' the conceptual contents of a ''NewsReport'' (which is a conceptual work), in sound only (as on Radio) or sound plus images (as on Television or an internet site). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broadcasting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewsReport ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ] . :NewsBroadcastingOrganization :en "news broadcasting organization" ; :enn "news broadcasting organization" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NewsBroadcastingOrganization''' is an Organization that performs ''NewsBroadcasting'', usually along with other types of broadcast content. No WN sense for this concept. Closest is a part of the term 'Broadcaster' in RHW: RHW 'broadcaster': 2. a person or organization, as a network or station, that broadcasts radio or television programs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BroadcastingOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Broadcasting ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Broadcaster ; owl:onProperty :hasEmployee ] . :NewsCorrespondent :wnsense "correspondent2n", "newspaperman1n", "newspaperwoman1n", "newswriter1n", "pressman2n" ; :wordnet "correspondent", "newspaperman", "newspaperwoman", "newswriter", "pressman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NewsCorrespondent'' is a ''Journalist who goes outside the home office of a publication to collect newsworthy information. This is labeled in COSMO as 'investigative reporting' although that term may be more narrowly applied in the trade. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'correspondent' in WordNet: 2. (2) correspondent, newspaperman, newspaperwoman, newswriter, pressman - (a journalist employed to provide news stories for newspapers or broadcast media) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Investigator, :Journalist, :Traveler, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewsGathering ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Investigation ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :NewsGathering :en "investigative reporting", "news gathering" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NewsGathering'' is the act of going to places and interviewing people to learn new and newsworthy information for publication in a newspaper or magazine or similar periodical; or occasionally to write a book about newsworthy events. news gathering """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :InformationGathering, :Investigation, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :News ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewsCorrespondent ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :NewsItem :wnsense "item1n" ; :wordnet "item" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NewsItem'' is a distinct ''Unit'' of News focused on one topic that appears in a publcation, broadcast, or report Contains at least one LinguisticAssertion. Most closely corresponds to RHW noun sense 2 of 'item' and is part of sense 1 of 'item in WoordNet: RHW: 2. a separate piece of information or news, as a short piece in a newspaper or broadcast. WN sense 1 of 'item': in WordNet: 1. (31) item, point - (a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of things that could be enumerated on a list; 'he noticed an item in the New York Times'; 'she had several items on her shopping list'; 'the main point on the agenda was taken up first') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Item, :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :News ] . :NewsPhotographer a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any person who makes most of his/her income by taking photographs or videos for publication in some newspaper or magazine. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MediaProfessional, :Photographer . :NewsReport :wnsense "news report1n", "report2n" ; :wordnet "news report", "report" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NewsReport'' is a nonfiction ''Report'' intended to be published in some ''MediumOfCommunication''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'report' in WordNet: 2. (207) report, news report, story, account, write up - (a short account of the news; 'the report of his speech'; 'the story was on the 11 o'clock news'; 'the account of his speech that was given on the evening news made the governor furious') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Report, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :News ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :NewsShowHost :guid "bffc54c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Each #$NewsShowHost is the host of a #$NewsShow." ; rdfs:subClassOf :TVShowHost . :Newscaster :guid "c0fce82b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "newscaster1n" ; :wordnet "newscaster" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a person who reads and/or reports the news on a television or radio program. Is this a 'Journallst'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newscaster' in Wordnet: 1. newscaster - (someone who broadcasts the news) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broadcaster . :Newsletter :guid "c0fd6814-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "newsletter1n", "newssheet1n" ; :wordnet "newsletter", "newssheet" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Newsletter'' is the abstract content of a ''NewsReport'' published for some specific group, rather than for the general public, CYC: The sort of document published by an organization to keep its members/clients updated on recent events that relate to the organization's business. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newsletter' in WordNet: 1. (2) newsletter, newssheet - (report or open letter giving informal or confidential news of interest to a special group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork, :NewsReport, :PublishedMaterial, :TextualPCW . :NewspaperAdvertisement :wnsense "newspaper ad1n", "newspaper advertisement1n" ; :wordnet "newspaper ad", "newspaper advertisement" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'NewspaperAdvertisement' is an ''Advertisement'' (an 'AbstractDocument') that is part of an abstract ''NewspaperIssue'' that is intended to cause people to buy things or to participate in some activity, or to promote a point of view such as political. NOTE: This is the *abstract* version of the ad, which is represented by a part of a physical newspaper. (You can't cut this out of the 'paper') A ''NewspaperAdvertisement''can appear in multiple issue, so it is impractical to require specifying the exact ''NewspaperIssue'' in which it appears, but that can be done if known. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newspaper advertisement' in WordNet: 1. newspaper ad, newspaper advertisement - (a printed advertisement that is published in a newspaper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :Advertisement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewspaperIssue ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :NewspaperArticle :en "journal article" ; :guid "fe7224d2-95cf-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d0a8" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any abstract ''Article'' that is part of an abstract ''NewspaperIssue''. CYC: The collection of articles published in a #$NewspaperIssue. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScholarlyArticle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :NewspaperIssue ] . :NewspaperColumn :wnsense "column5n", "newspaper column1n" ; :wordnet "column", "newspaper column" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NewspaperColumn'' is a short ''Article'' that appears in a periodical publication (not necessarily a newspaper), that discusses some topic, often presents an opinion, and has some of the characteristics of an ''Editorial'' but does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the 'editorial board' of the periodical. It typically occupies only one 'column' of one page of a newspaper, or the approximately equivalent space distributed over two or more 'columns' NOTE: WN conflates all columns and editorials, but this type includes columns by 'Columnist''s that are intended to present factual informations, not just opinion. See RHW sense 5 of 'column'. RHW 'column': 5. a regular feature or series of articles in a newspaper, magazine, or the like, usually having a readily identifiable heading and the byline of the writer or editor, that reports or comments upon a particular field of interest, as politics, theater, or etiquette, or which may contain letters from readers, answers to readers' queries, etc. To be a 'column' this has to be written by a ''Columnist''.The occasional ''Editorial'' commentry by non-journalists is a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'column' in WordNet: 5. (4) column, editorial, newspaper column - (an article giving opinions or perspectives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Article, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAuthoredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Columnist ] . :NewspaperCopy :guid "bd58a05c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "newspaper" ; :wnsense "newspaper3n" ; :wordnet "newspaper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One copy of a Newspaper (Publication) containing ephemeral (daily or weekly) accounts of news events since the last publication. This is an instance of a physical, printed newspaper.- , the physical object, not the informational content. The restriction requires that, to represent an instance of a physical copy of a newspaper, the Abstract document also be represented. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'newspaper' in WordNet: 3. (2) newspaper, paper - (the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher; 'when it began to rain he covered his head with a newspaper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisposableProduct, :MediumOfCommunication, :PeriodicalCopy, :Publication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :NewspaperIssue ] . :NewspaperHeadline :wnsense "headline1n", "newspaper headline1n" ; :wordnet "headline", "newspaper headline" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Header'' that appears on the first page of a Newspaper in large type, introducing the featured Article for that ''NewpaperIssue''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'headline' in WordNet - this ;headline' refers onyl to the priminret hedline on page 1 of a NewspaperIssue: 1. (3) headline, newspaper headline - (the heading or caption of a newspaper article) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Header, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :NewspaperIssue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TextualMaterial ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :NewspaperIssue :guid "c103590d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "newspaper" ; :wnsense "edition3n", "newspaper1n" ; :wordnet "edition", "newspaper" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AbstractSymbolicObject that is an issue of a Newspaper. For the PhysicalObject, see 'NewspaperCopy'. Cyc: The collection of all #$PeriodicalIssues for periodicals which are newspapers. Copies of an instance of #$NewspaperIssue are all instances of #$NewspaperCopy for the same #$Date. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'newspaper' and noun sense 3 of 'edition; in Wordnet, but this is only one AbstractDdocument - not clear if the WordNet sense is identical (the Wordnet may refer to a 'NewspaperSeries', a 'Group' of AbstractDocuments): in WordNet: 1. (31) newspaper, paper - (a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements; 'he read his newspaper at breakfast') WN noun 'edition': 3. edition - (an issue of a newspaper; 'he read it in yesterday's edition of the Times') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicalIssue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :NewspaperCopy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :NewspaperArticle ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewspaperHeadline ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ] . :NewspaperPage :en "newspaper page" ; :enn "newspaper page" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NewspaperPage'' is a ''PhysicalPage'' that is part of some ''NewspaperCopy''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewspaperCopy ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :NewspaperPublisher :guid "bdc6b828-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "newspaper" ; :wnsense "newspaper publisher2n", "newspaper2n", "paper6n" ; :wordnet "newspaper", "newspaper publisher", "paper" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'NewspaperOrganization': The collection of all #$Organizations which are responsible for the publication of #$NewspaperIssues. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'newspaper' in WordNet: 2. (13) newspaper, paper, newspaper publisher - (a business firm that publishes newspapers; 'Murdoch owns many newspapers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicalPublisher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NewspaperSeries ; owl:onProperty :hasCommercialProduct ] . :NewspaperSeries :guid "bf80725b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "newspaper" ; :wnsense "newspaper1n" ; :wordnet "newspaper" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the Group of abstract documents represented by physical newspapers (for which see 'Newspaper') Cyc: The collection of all #$PeriodicalSeries which have #$NewspaperIssues as #$subWorks. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'newspaper' in Wordnet, but this is a Group of abstract documents - not clear if the WordNet sense is identical (the Wordnet may refer to a 'NewspaperIssue', an individual AbstractDocument): in WordNet: 1. (31) newspaper, paper - (a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements; 'he read his newspaper at breakfast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicalSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NewspaperIssue ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NewspaperPublisher ; owl:onProperty :isaCommercialProductOf ] . :NewspaperTopic a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NewspaperTopic' is a Topic that has actually occurred as the topic of an article that has actually occurred in some newspaper, which may be a print or electronic newspaper (or both). A newspaper is some publication that is published at (more or less) regular intervals, and includes series of books on topics, such as 'The Annual Review of Biochemistry'. NOTE that one source of data for electronic language processing of English is the English Gigaword disk distributed by LDC.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Topic . :Newsroom :wnsense "newsroom2n" ; :wordnet "newsroom" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newsroom' in WordNet: 2. newsroom - (an office in which news is processed by a newspaper or news agency or television or radio station) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficeSpace, :Workplace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Journalist ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveWorker ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReportingNews ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :NewsroomStaff :wnsense "newsroom1n" ; :wordnet "newsroom" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newsroom' in WordNet: 1. newsroom - (the staff of a newspaper or the news department of a periodical; 'every newspaper editor is criticized by the newsroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmployedStaff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Journalist ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReportingNews ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Newt :guid "bd58eaf9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "newt1n", "triton4n" ; :wordnet "newt", "triton" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'newt' in WordNet: 1. newt, triton - (small usually bright-colored semiaquatic salamanders of North America and Europe and northern Asia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salamander . :Newton :wnsense "newton2n" ; :wordnet "newton" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI force measure. Symbol: N. It is that force which gives to a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 Meter per 'OneSecond'. Newton = m*kg*s^(-2). NOTE that the UnitOfMeasure 'newton' is represented by 'newtons', an instance of ForceUnit. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'newton' in WordNet: 2. newton, N - (a unit of force equal to the force that imparts an acceleration of 1 m/sec/sec to a mass of 1 kilogram; equal to 100,000 dynes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForceUnit, :FunctionQuantity . :Next :hasNumericalAbbreviation "next" ; :ldoce "next" ; :wnsense "following3adj", "next3adj" ; :wordnet "following", "next" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """Specifies the next item in a list or in some ranking of priority, or in time order (relative to the item in current focus). Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'next' in WordNet: 3. following, next - (immediately following in time or order; 'the following day'; 'next in line'; 'the next president'; 'the next item on the list') """ . :NextFiveYears :en "next five years", "the next five years" ; :enn "next five years", "the next five years" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''NextFiveYears'' is the ''TimeInterval'' that has a duration of ''FiveYears'' and starts ''Now''(the moment that the assertion is made), or for a ''FiveYearPlan'', the time the Plan begins to take effect. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FiveYears ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Now :StartingTime ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ] . :NextInTime :wnsense "upcoming1n" ; :wordnet "upcoming" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NextInTime'' is a subtype of 'Upcoming'' more specifically characterizing the Event in some series that is the next Event expected to happen. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'upcoming' in Wordnet: 1. (1) approaching, coming, forthcoming, upcoming - (of the relatively near future; 'the approaching election'; 'this coming Thursday'; 'the forthcoming holidays'; 'the upcoming spring fashions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Upcoming . :NextTenYears :en "next ten years", "the next ten years" ; :enn "next ten years", "the next ten years" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''NextFiveYears'' is the ''TimeInterval'' that has a duration of ''TenYears'' and starts ''Now''(the moment that the assertion is made), or for a ''TenYearPlan'', the time the Plan begins to take effect. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TenYears ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Now :StartingTime ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ] . :NiagaraRiver :guid "c143d113-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """A river flowing from Lake Erie into Lake Ontario; forms the boundary between Ontario and New York""" . :NibbedPen :en "nibbed pen", "pen with a nib" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NibbedPen'' is a type of ''Pen'' having a pointed 'nib' at the end which can hold a small quantity of ink - just enough to write a word or two by hand. This type includes as subtype a ''QuillPen'' that is a modified bird feather with a sharpened end that serves as the ''PenNib''. RHW: In RHW this is the combination of 'penholder' (usually wooden): (1. a holder in which a penpoint is placed). with the 'penpoint': (1. the point or writing end of a pen, esp. a small, tapering, metallic device having a split tip for drawing up ink and for writing; nib.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PenNib ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inkwell ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Nibble :en "nibble" ; :enn "nibble" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nibble'' is ''OneBite'' that is produced by ''Nibbling'' and is smaller than an average ''OneBite''. There may be two or more ''Nibbbles''s in a typical ''OneBite'' for the animal (usually a Person) doing the ''Nibbling''. WN 'nibble' only refers to a computer memory unit. RHW noun 'nibble': 8. a small morsel or bit: Each nibble was eaten with the air of an epicure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OneBite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneBite ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ] . :Nibbling :wnsense "nibble1v" ; :wordnet "nibble" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nibbling'' is a form of ''EatingEvent'' that includes ''BitingWithTeeth'', in which the ''Bite''s eaten are smaller than an average ''Bite'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nibble' in WordNet: 1. nibble - (bite off very small pieces; \"She nibbled on her cracker\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BitingWithTeeth, :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nibble ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Nicaragua :wnsense "Nicaragua1n" ; :wordnet "Nicaragua" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Nicaragua' in WordNet: 1. Nicaragua, Republic of Nicaragua - (a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821) """ . :Nice :isTheOppositeOf :BadlyBehaved ; :ldoce "nice", "pleasant" ; :wnsense "nice1adj", "nice2adj", "pleasant2adj" ; :wordnet "nice", "pleasant" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Nice' is a very general AttributeValue of people whose behavior is pleasing or at least well-mannered; the opposite of 'BadlyBehaved'. Similar to 'well-mannered'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'nice' (pertaining to people) in WordNet: 1. (23) nice - (pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance; 'what a nice fellow you are and we all thought you so nasty' - George Meredith; 'nice manners'; 'a nice dress'; 'a nice face'; 'a nice day'; 'had a nice time at the party'; 'the corn and tomatoes are nice today') 2. (5) decent, nice - (socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous; 'from a decent family'; 'a nice girl') WN 'pleasant': 2. (1) pleasant - (pleasant in manner or behavior; 'I didn't enjoy it and probably wasn't a pleasant person to be around') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Nickel :hasProtonCount "28"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "nickel1n" ; :wordnet "nickel" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The silvery metallic element, having 28 protons in each nucleus. It is used (together with chromium and some other elements) in stainless steel, and as a coating for metallic objects. It is also found in the US 5-cent piece called a 'nickel'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nickel' in Wordnet: 1. (4) nickel, Ni, atomic number 28 - (a hard malleable ductile silvery metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :NickelCoin :hasPluralForm "nickels" ; :hasSingularForm "nickel" ; :wnsense "nickel2n" ; :wordnet "nickel" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A US coin that represents five cents in US currency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nickel' in Wordnet: 2. (1) nickel - (a United States coin worth one twentieth of a dollar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FiveCentsUS ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :Nickname :wnsense "byname1n", "cognomen1n", "moniker1n", "nickname1n", "sobriquet1n", "soubriquet1n" ; :wordnet "byname", "cognomen", "moniker", "nickname", "sobriquet", "soubriquet" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A short Word that serves as an alternative ''Name'' for a Person, used in an informal manner in various situations. This may or may not have any similarity to the formal ''Name'' of that Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nickname' in WordNet: 1. (1) nickname, moniker, cognomen, sobriquet, soubriquet, byname - (a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name); 'Joe's mother would not use his nickname and always called him Joseph'; 'Henry's nickname was Slim') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Label, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :describes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Nicknaming :wnsense "dub1v", "nickname1v" ; :wordnet "dub", "nickname" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nicknaming'' is a 'Naming' that is not the act of giving a formal name of record, but giving an informal name, such as one used among family members or friends or colleagues. This can be used for giving any kind of alternative name; \" John Doe, a.k.a. 'Jack The Ripper' \" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nickname' in WordNet: 1. (1) dub, nickname - (give a nickname to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Naming, :Proclaiming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Nickname ] . :Nicotine :guid "bf642438-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nicotine1n" ; :wordnet "nicotine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A popular alkaloid stimulant, found in #$Tobacco-TheStuff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nicotine' in WordNet: 1. (1) nicotine - (an alkaloid poison that occurs in tobacco; used in medicine and as an insecticide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddictiveSubstance, :Alkaloid, :BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance, :Stimulant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tobacco ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ] . :Niece :wnsense "niece1n" ; :wordnet "niece" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The daughter of a brother or sister. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'niece' in WordNet: 1. (1) niece - (a daughter of your brother or sister) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalRelation, :FemalePerson . :Nifty :en "neat-o", "neato" ; :enadj "neat-o", "neato" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :VeryGood ; :wnsense "bang-up1adj", "bully1adj", "corking1adj", "cracking1adj", "dandy1adj", "great4adj", "groovy1adj", "keen1adj", "neat5adj", "nifty1adj", "not bad1adj", "peachy1adj", "slap-up1adj", "smashing1adj", "swell1adj" ; :wordnet "bang-up", "bully", "corking", "cracking", "dandy", "great", "groovy", "keen", "neat", "nifty", "not bad", "peachy", "slap-up", "smashing", "swell" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Colloquial ways of saying 'very good'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nifty' in Wordnet: 5. bang-up, bully, corking, cracking, dandy, great, groovy, keen, neat, nifty, not bad, peachy, slap-up, swell, smashing - (very good; 'he did a bully job'; 'a neat sports car'; 'had a great time at the party'; 'you look simply smashing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VeryGood . :Niger :wnsense "Niger2n" ; :wordnet "Niger" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Nicaragua' in WordNet: 2. Niger, Republic of Niger - (a landlocked republic in West Africa; gained independence from France in 1960; most of the country is dominated by the Sahara Desert) """ . :NigerRiver :guid "bd58c9b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AfricaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "chief river of W Africa" . :Nigeria :wnsense "Nigeria1n" ; :wordnet "Nigeria" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Nigeria' in WordNet: 1. Nigeria, Federal Republic of Nigeria - (a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; gained independence from Britain in 1960; most populous African country) """ . :Nigerian :pertainsTo :Nigeria, :NigerianPerson ; :wnsense "Nigerian1adj", "Nigerian2adj", "Nigerien1adj" ; :wordnet "Nigerian", "Nigerien" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nigerian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Nigeria'' or a ''Nigerian''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Nigerian' in Wordnet: 1. Nigerian - (of or relating to Nigeria; 'the Nigerian capital used to be Lagos') 2. Nigerian, Nigerien - (of or relating to the people of Nigeria; 'a Nigerian novelist won the Nobel Prize for literature this year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :NigerianPerson :wnsense "Nigerian1n" ; :wordnet "Nigerian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Nigerian' in WordNet: 1. Nigerian - (a native or inhabitant of Nigeria) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Germany ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :NightClub :guid "053b8c42-c071-11d6-8000-0002b3a330dc" ; :wnsense "cabaret1n", "club7n", "nightclub1n", "nightspot1n" ; :wordnet "cabaret", "club", "nightclub", "nightspot" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NightClub'' is an ''EntertainmentSpot'' used for entertainment activities involving participation by the patrons (such as dancing or dining while watching entertainment). These activities are typically but not necessarily always performed at night. In CYC 'NightClub-Facility': The collection of all physical constructions housing #$NightClubs. NOTE: the CYC ontology distinguishes the Organization running a NightCLub with the label'NightClub' but that is not yet represented in COSMO. CYC 'NightClub': A collection of businesses. An element of #$NightClub is a business that runs a nighttime social-gathering place where some form of entertainment (usually live music) is offered and alcoholic beverages are served. Besides music, #$NightClub establishments may also have dance floors, DJs, go-go dancers, comedy acts, stage presentations, or sex shows. The CYC organization and location are merged here, but logically this is the location. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightspot' in WordNet: 1. cabaret, nightclub, club, nightspot - (a spot that is open late at night and that provides entertainment (as singers or dancers) as well as dancing and food and drink; 'don't expect a good meal at a cabaret'; 'the gossip columnist got his information by visiting nightclubs every night'; 'he played the drums at a jazz club') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentSpot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NighttimeEntertainmentEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :NightGown :en "night-gown" ; :guid "bd58fa6f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gown3n", "night-robe1n", "nightdress1n", "nightgown1n", "nightie1n" ; :wordnet "gown", "night-robe", "nightdress", "nightgown", "nightie" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all night gowns, a kind of women's sleepwear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightgown' and sense 1of 'nightie' in WordNet: 1. nightgown, gown, nightie, night-robe, nightdress - (lingerie consisting of a loose dress designed to be worn in bed by women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lingerie, :SleepWear, :WomensClothing . :NightShirt :en "night-shirt" ; :wnsense "nightshirt1n" ; :wordnet "nightshirt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightshirt' in WordNet: 1. (1) nightshirt - (nightclothes worn by men) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garment . :NightTable :en "bed table", "bedstand", "night table", "nightstand" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NightTable'' is a small table set next to a ''Bed'' to hold objects for convenient access that might be used while one is in the bed, but not sleeping, such as books or medications taken at night. No WN entry. RHW: 'night table': a small table, chest, etc., for use next to a bed. Also called bedstand, bed table, nightstand. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Table-Furniture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bed ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :NightTime :en "PM" ; :ldoce "night", "nighttime" ; :wnsense "night1n", "nighttime1n", "postmeridian1adj" ; :wordnet "night", "nighttime", "postmeridian" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of TimeIntervals that begin at Sunset and end at Sunrise (from SUMO). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'night' in WordNet: 1. (736) night, nighttime, dark - (the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside) WN adj'postmeridian': 1. postmeridian - (after noon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay . :Nightcap :wnsense "nightcap1n" ; :wordnet "nightcap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nightcap'' is one serving of an ''AlcoholicBeverage'' taken shortly before bedtime. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightcap' in WordNet: 1. nightcap - (an alcoholic drink taken at bedtime; often alcoholic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlcoholicBeverage ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkingaNightcap ; owl:onProperty :isConsumedInEvent ] . :NightcapGame :wnsense "nightcap3n" ; :wordnet "nightcap" ; a :GameType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'nightcap' in WordNet: 3. nightcap - (the final game of a double header) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NightTime ; owl:onProperty :occurredInTimeInterval ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DoubeHeader ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Nightingale :guid "bd63b194-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nightingale1n" ; :wordnet "nightingale" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightingale' in WordNet: 1. (2) nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos - (European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Songbird, :WildAnimal . :NightlyEvent :en "nightly event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NightlyEvent'' is an ''Event'' that has the Attribute ''OccurringNightly'', and the Frequency 'nightly'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OccurringNightly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :nightly ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ] . :Nightmare :wnsense "nightmare2n" ; :wordnet "nightmare" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which an agent experiences a 'nightmare' - a type of ''Dreaming''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nightmare' in WordNet: 2. (2) nightmare - (a terrifying or deeply upsetting dream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dreaming . :Nightstick :wnsense "baton2n", "billy club1n", "billy1n", "billystick1n", "nightstick1n", "truncheon1n" ; :wordnet "baton", "billy", "billy club", "billystick", "nightstick", "truncheon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Club-Weapon'' carried routinely by most policemen on street patrol. Term 'asp' is also used? Not in WN or RHW. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nightstick' in WordNet: 1. truncheon, nightstick, baton, billy, billystick, billy club - (a short stout club used primarily by policemen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Club-Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceOfficer-Municipal ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceOfficer-Municipal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :NighttimeEntertainmentEvent :en "night entertainment", "nighttime entertainment", "nighttime entertainment event" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NighttimeEntertainmentEvent'' is an ''EntertainmentEvent'' that typically occcurs or is performed at night. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NightTime ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :Nigra :wnsense "coon2n", "jigaboo1n", "nigga1n", "nigger1n", "nigra1n", "spade1n" ; :wordnet "coon", "jigaboo", "nigga", "nigger", "nigra", "spade" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nigra'' and the other terms in this entry are terms for a ''Negro'' that are considered insulting andare cosially disapproved and inappropriate, although among ''Negro''s it may be used for special purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nigra' in WordNet: 1. (1) nigger, nigga, spade, coon, jigaboo, nigra - ((ethnic slur) extremely offensive name for a Black person; \"only a Black can call another Black a nigga\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Negro . :NileRiver :guid "bd58b5c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AfricaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The longest river in the world, it has great historical significance for the ancient civilizations of Egypt.""" . :Nine-Year-Old :en "nine-year-old" ; :enadj "nine-year-old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nine-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are nine years old, i.e. were created or born nine years in the past. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NineYearOldChild :en "nine year old" ; :enn "nine year old" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NineYears ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :NineYears :hasQuantifier :N_9 ; a :TimeDuration-Years ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration-Years' with a value of 9 years. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :Ninefold :wnsense "nine-fold1adj", "ninefold1adj", "nonuple1adj" ; :wordnet "nine-fold", "ninefold", "nonuple" ; a :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ninefold' in Wordnet: 1. nonuple, ninefold, nine-fold - (having nine units or components) """ . :Nineteenth :hasNumericalAbbreviation "3rd" ; :hasOrderNumber "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "19th1adj", "nineteenth1adj" ; :wordnet "19th", "nineteenth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The nineteenth element in a series. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nineteenth' in Wordnet: 1. (14) nineteenth, 19th - (coming next after the eighteenth in position) """ . :Nineteenth-century :en "nineteenth-century" ; :enadj "nineteenth-century" ; :pertainsTo :The1800s ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pertaining to ''The1800s'' (the 'nineteenth Century') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Ninety :hasCardinalityNumber "90"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "90"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "ninety1adj" ; :wordnet "ninety" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''Ninety'' takes a type and returns a Group containing ninety instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ninety' in WordNet: 1. (4) ninety, 90, xc - (being ten more than eighty) """ . :NinetyEight :hasCardinalityNumber "98"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "98"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "981adj", "ninety-eight1adj", "xcviii1adj" ; :wordnet "98", "ninety-eight", "xcviii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightyEight' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-eight instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-eight' in Wordnet: 1. ninety-eight, 98, xcviii - (being eight more than ninety) """ . :NinetyFive :hasCardinalityNumber "95"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "95"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "951adj", "ninety-five1adj", "xcv1adj" ; :wordnet "95", "ninety-five", "xcv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'NinetyFive' takes a type and returns a Group containing ninety-five instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ninety-five' in Wordnet: 1. ninety-five, 95, xcv - (being five more than ninety) """ . :NinetyFour :hasCardinalityNumber "94"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "94"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "941adj", "ninety-four1adj", "xciv1adj" ; :wordnet "94", "ninety-four", "xciv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'ninetyFour' takes a type and returns a Group containing ninety-four instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ninety-four' in Wordnet: 1. ninety-four, 94, 1. ninety-four, 94, xciv - (being four more than ninety) - (being four more than ninety) """ . :NinetyNine :hasCardinalityNumber "99"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "99"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "991adj", "ic1adj", "ninety-nine1adj" ; :wordnet "99", "ic", "ninety-nine" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightyNine' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-nine instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eighty-nine' in Wordnet: 1. ninety-nine, 99, ixc - (being nine more than ninety) """ . :NinetyOne :hasCardinalityNumber "91"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "81"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "91adj", "niney-one1adj", "xci1adj" ; :wordnet "91", "ninety-one", "xci" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'NinetyOne' takes a type and returns a Group containing Ninety-one instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ninety-one' in Wordnet: 1. ninety-one, 91, xci - (being one more than ninety) """ . :NinetySeven :hasCardinalityNumber "97"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "97"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "971adj", "ninety-seven1adj", "xcvii1adj" ; :wordnet "97", "ninety-seven", "xcvii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'NinetySeven' takes a type and returns a Group containing ninety-seven instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ninety-seven' in Wordnet: 1. ninety-seven, 97, xcvii - (being seven more than ninety) """ . :NinetySix :hasCardinalityNumber "96"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "96"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "961adj", "ninety-six1adj", "xcvi1adj" ; :wordnet "96", "ninety-six", "xcvi" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'NinetySix' takes a type and returns a Group containing ninety-six instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ninety-six' in Wordnet: 1. ninety-six, 96, xcvi - (being six more than ninety) """ . :NinetyThree :hasCardinalityNumber "93"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "93"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "931adj", "lxxxiiii1adj", "ninety-three1adj" ; :wordnet "93", "lxxxiiii", "ninety-three" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'ninetyThree' takes a type and returns a Group containing ninety-three instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ninety-three' in Wordnet: 1. ninety-three, 83, lxxxiii - (being three more than ninety) """ . :NinetyTwo :hasCardinalityNumber "82"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "82"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "821adj", "lxxxii1adj", "ninety-two1adj" ; :wordnet "82", "lxxxii", "ninety-two" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'EightyTwo' takes a type and returns a Group containing eighty-two instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ninety-two' in Wordnet: 1. ninety-two, 82, lxxxii - (being two more than ninety) """ . :Ninth :hasNumericalAbbreviation "9th" ; :hasOrderNumber "9"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "ninth" ; :wnsense "ninth1adj" ; :wordnet "ninth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ninth' in WordNet: 1. (11) ninth, 9th - (coming next after the eighth and just before the tenth in position) """ . :Niobium :guid "bd590c07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "41"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Nb1n", "niobium1n" ; :wordnet "Nb", "niobium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Niobium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'niobium' in WordNet: 1. niobium, Nb, atomic number 41 - (a soft grey ductile metallic element used in alloys; occurs in niobite; formerly called columbium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Nip :wnsense "nip6n", "pinch5n" ; :wordnet "nip", "pinch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small animal bite that does not necessarily break the skin, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nip' in WordNet: 6. nip, pinch - (a small sharp bite or snip) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BitingWithTeeth ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unimportant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Niqab :wnsense "niqab1n" ; :wordnet "niqab" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Niqab'' is a ''FaceVeil'' typically worn by Muslim women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'niqab' in WordNet: 1. niqab - (a face veil covering the lower part of the face (up to the eyes) worn by observant Muslim women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FaceVeil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimWoman ; owl:onProperty :isMostlyWornBy ] . :Nitpicking :wnsense "nitpick1v" ; :wordnet "nitpick" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Nitpicking' is a ''Criticizing'' in which the Criticism is about somevminor detail of a larger topic (object or action). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nitpick' in WordNet: 1. nitpick - (be overly critical; criticize minor details) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criticizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Detail ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Nitrate :hasComponentSubstance :Nitrogen, :Oxygen ; :wnsense "nitrate1n" ; :wordnet "nitrate" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nitrate'' is any compound that is a combination of some 'ChemicalMoiety'' (organic or cationic) plus a ''NitrateGroup'', bound by a single bond (e.g. for organic nitrates) or by ionic binding for nitrate salts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nitrate' in WordNet: 1. (1) nitrate - (any compound containing the nitrate group (such as a salt or ester of nitric acid)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NitrogenCompound, :OxygenCompound . :NitrateGroup :en "nitrate group" ; :enn "nitrate group1n" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NitrateGroup'' is an ''AtomGroup'' that is usually part of a larger Molecule but may be part of a ''NitrateIon'' (with a negative charge), or a free radical. It consists of a ''NitrogenAtom'' bound to three ''OxygenAtom''s. If part of an OrganicCompound, the Nirogen will be bound to another ''ChemicalMoiety'', usually by a bond with a carbon atom. , """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalMoiety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ionized ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CHEM_NO3 ; owl:onProperty :hasChemicalFormula ] . :NitrateIon :en "nitrate ion" ; :enn "nitrate ion" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_NO3- ; :hasComponentSubstance :Nitrogen, :Oxygen ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ionic substance each unit object of which is one ion of having three 'OxygenAtom''s bound to a ''NitrogenAtom'', and having one negative charge. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anion . :NitroGroup :wnsense "nitro group1n" ; :wordnet "nitro group" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''NitroGroup'' is an AtomGroup containing one atom Nitrogen and three of Oxygen, with the Nitrogen atached to the remainder of the molecule it is in. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nitro group' in WordNet: 1. nitro group - (the group -NO3) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalMoiety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneNitrogenAtom ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreeOxygenAtoms ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :NitroMethane :en "nitromethane" ; :guid "fbea54e2-66f7-41d7-9ccd-bc204dcab653" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CH3-NO3 ; :hasChemicalGroup :NitroGroup ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$NitroparaffinCompoundType. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound . :Nitrogen :hasProtonCount "7"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "nitrogen1n" ; :wordnet "nitrogen" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element with seven protons in each nucleus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nitrogen' in Wordnet: 1. (10) nitrogen, N, atomic number 7 - (a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement . :NitrogenAtom a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "One atom of ''Nitrogen''; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nitrogen ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :NitrogenCompound a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ChemicallyDefinedSubstance containing Nitrogen in its molecule..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nitrogen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Nitrogen_79percent a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Nitrogen at 79% weight fraction (in some mixture, such as Air). Note that the percentage of other constituents is not specified. To specify a full range of compositional values in some mixture, one can indicate each 'FractionalComponentSubstance' individually. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalComponentSubstance, :Nitrogen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :isaFractionalComponentOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.79"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :isWeightFraction ] . :Nitroglycerine a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Trinitorglycerine, an explosive substance that is liquid at room temperature in its pure form, and senstitive to shock - it may explode if subjected to physical shock. When absorbed to a filler such as in Dynamite, it is much less sensitive and becomes a practical explosive material for commercial uses.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplosiveSubstance, :OrganicCompound . :Niue a :Country . :NoHairOnHead a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NoHairOnHead'' is the ''PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface'' of a human head, characteristic of a person labeled ''Bald''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface . :NoMurdersInTexas :hasSubjectOfState :StateOfTexas ; :isTheAbsenceOf :Murder ; a :PersistentState . :NoOneMayTalk :hasTemporalLocation ; :isDesiredBy :ViolaSwamp ; :isDesiredIn :NoTalking ; :occurredLaterThan ; a :StipulationCondition . :NoTalking :hasComponentElement :WORD_No, :WORD_No_talking ; :refersToFutureSituation :NoOneMayTalk ; a :Proviso . :No_facial_hair :isaFeatureOf :Face ; a :FacialHairType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quantity of FacialHair that contains no beard, no moustache, no long sideburns, and eyebrows that are not very bushy; i.e. no hair that would be considered as distinctive 'facial hair'. Not the same as 'clean-shaven, smooth-shaven, well-shaven'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialHair . :NobelPrize :wnsense "Nobel prize1n" ; :wordnet "Nobel prize" ; a :AwardType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """There are different tpes of ''NobelPrize''s. This type is the parent for all subypes (Chemistry, Physics, Peace, etc.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Nobel prize' in WordNet: 1. (4) Nobel prize - (an annual award for outstanding contributions to chemistry or physics or physiology and medicine or literature or economics or peace) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HonorAward, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NobelPrizeCommittee ; owl:onProperty :wasAssignedByAuthority ] . :NobelPrizeCommittee :en "Nobel Prize committee" ; :enn "Nobel Prize committee" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """There are several ''NobelPrizeCommittee''s, one for each type of Nobel prize awarded, and the membership may vary year to year. This is the parent type for all such committees. The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by a committee of five, appointed by the Storting (the Norwegian parliament). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Committee, :Organization . :Nobelium :guid "be7d05d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "102"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "No2n", "atomic number 1021n", "nobelium1n" ; :wordnet "No", "atomic number 102", "nobelium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of pieces of material. Each piece is a RadioactiveObject of #$Nobelium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nobelium' in WordNet: 1. nobelium, No, atomic number 102 - (a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding curium with carbon ions; 7 isotopes are known) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Noble :ldoce "noble" ; :wnsense "noble3adj" ; :wordnet "noble" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated conforms to some high standard of principled behavior. This is not a subtype of 'Moral', since it does not concern adherence to codes of morality, which prohibit certain behaviors, but to types of conduct which go beyond the minimum levels of ethics to exhibit a higher degree of concern for other people. 'Organ donation is a noble gesture in any religion.' From University of Chicago media glossary:: An act that has a certain intention perceived to hold great integrity and possibly sacrifice may be called a 'noble gesture.' For the notion of adjective 'noble' referring to members of the nobility use 'Artistocratic'; for members of the nobility, use 'MemberOfTheNobility' Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'noble' in WordNet: 3. (1) noble - (having or showing or indicative of high or elevated character; 'a noble spirit'; 'noble deeds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Good . :Nobody :en "no one", "no-one", "nobody" ; :ldoce "no one" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Nobody' is a hard-to-classify entity since by definition its reverent does not exist. If it did exist, it would be a person, but it can't be unique, as there are many cases of 'nobody' that are referred to. There does not appear to be a corresponding entry in WordNet: """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnidentifiedPerson . :NocturnallyActive :pertainsTo :NightTime ; :wnsense "nocturnal1adj" ; :wordnet "nocturnal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NocturnallyActive'' characterizes animals and plants that are active mostly during the night, or perform certain salient actions at night.. This does not preclude all daytime activity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nocturnal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) nocturnal - (belonging to or active during the night; 'nocturnal animals are active at night'; 'nocturnal plants have flowers that open at night and close by day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Nodding :wnsense "nod2n", "nod2v" ; :wordnet "nod" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Moving the head up and down (and forward and backward) in a small arc, This is not the action of falling asleep. Corresponds to ver sense 2 and noun sense 2 of 'nod' in WordNet: 2. (16) nod - (lower and raise the head, as to indicate assent or agreement or confirmation; 'The teacher nodded when the student gave the right answer') WN noun 'nod': 2. (1) nod - (the act of nodding the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAGesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Agreement ; owl:onProperty :signifies ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :Node :wnsense "link4n", "node1n" ; :wordnet "link", "node" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Node'' is an Object (physical or abstract) that has one or more ''Link-Generic''s to other ''Object''s. This can be used for indirect as well as direct links. (for direct connection of ''PhysicalObject''s use ''isConnectedToDirectly''). This expresses a very general notion of 'connection' that can serve for abstract mthematic objects such as nodes in a graph, as well as physical connections that are not direct, or connections of ''MentalObjects''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'node' in WordNet, but may be broader in interpretation. in WordNet: 1. node - (a connecting point at which several lines come together) WN noun 'link': 4. connection, connexion, link - (a connecting shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Configuration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Group :System :ObjectType :GroupType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :Noise :ldoce "noise" ; :wnsense "noise2n" ; :wordnet "noise" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''AudibleSound'' that is not ''Speech'' or ''Music'', especially Sound that a listener does not want to hear, especially a Sound that is either disagreeable or in some way interferes with a person's thinking or ability to hear other sounds, such as conversation. 'background noise' e.g. in a restaurant, at a party, in a factory, or anyplace that one may want to hold a conversation. Sounds made by machinery or natural processes are usually ''Noise''. NOTE: this is the Sound itself. The 'auditory experience' of sense 2 might be distinguished (as a subtype?) , but has not yet been. The attribute ''Unwanted'' may not always apply to things like the boom of a firework - perhaps the ''Unpleasant'' inherited from ''UnpleasantEvent'' is sufficient to express the lack of melodiousness? Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'noise' in WordNet: 1. (43) noise - (sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound); 'he enjoyed the street noises'; 'they heard indistinct noises of people talking'; 'during the firework display that ended the gala the noise reached 98 decibels') 2. (1) noise, dissonance, racket - (the auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience; 'modern music is just noise to me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, :UnpleasantEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Noisy :isTheOppositeOf :Quiet ; :wnsense "noisy1adj" ; :wordnet "noisy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Noisy' is an AttributeValue of Places that have a level of Sound sufficient to be annoying or to interfere with other activities (such as conversation), or of PhysicalObjects that create such a level of Sound during their operation, or people or animals that are emitting Sounds individually or collectively that are too loud. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'noisy' in WordNet: 1. (4) noisy - (full of or characterized by loud and nonmusical sounds; 'a noisy cafeteria'; 'a small noisy dog') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Nomad :wnsense "nomad1n" ; :wordnet "nomad" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A habitual human ''Wanderer''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nomad' in WordNet: 1. nomad - (a member of a people who have no permanent home but move about according to the seasons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Wanderer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nomadic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nomadism ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Nomadic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Nomad ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Wandering ; :wnsense "mobile2adj", "nomadic1adj", "peregrine1adj", "roving1adj", "wandering1adj" ; :wordnet "mobile", "nomadic", "peregrine", "roving", "wandering" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nomadic'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for people who have no permanent residence but do have a style and method of living and moving their residence systematically, This differs from 'homeless' in being a deliberate choice of lifestye, not one forced by poverty. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nomadic' in Wordnet: 1. mobile, nomadic, peregrine, roving, wandering - ((of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently; 'a restless mobile society'; 'the nomadic habits of the Bedouins'; 'believed the profession of a peregrine typist would have a happy future'; 'wandering tribes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Nomadism :en "nomadism" ; :enn "nomadism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nomadism'' is a ''LifeStyle'' in which a Person (or more commonly groups of people) have no single permanent residence but move ('wander') from place to place, often dependent on the season or availability of local resources. This is not for 'homeless' people for whom poverty makes a permament residence impossible. No WN sense. In RHW 'nomadic' the derivative is listed: 3. nomadic. nomadism, n. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStyle, :Wandering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nomad ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Nominal :pertainsTo :Name, :Naming ; :wnsense "nominal1adj", "nominal3adj" ; :wordnet "nominal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nominal'' is an attribute pertaining to a ''Name'' or the process of givig names to things. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'nominal' in WordNet: 1. (1) nominal - (relating to or constituting or bearing or giving a name; 'the Russian system of nominal brevity'; 'a nominal lists of priests'; 'taxable males as revealed by the nominal rolls') 3. nominal - (pertaining to a noun or to a word group that functions as a noun; 'nominal phrase'; 'noun phrase') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Nominating :eng "nominating" ; :wnsense "nominate1v", "nominate2v", "nomination1n", "put forward5v" ; :wordnet "nominate", "nomination", "put forward" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nominating'' is a ''Proposing'' of some ''Canddate'' to fill a position, addressed to some person or group with the power to appoint or select. Nominations for political positions or for public honors are common, but other positions also may be filled after candidates are 'nominated'. When a ''Candidate'' wins the nomination s/he becomes a ''Nominee''. See the status ''Nomination''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'nominate' and noun sense 1 of 'nomination (thought the example seems to be the status, not the action!!??) in WordNet: 1. (4) nominate, put up, put forward - (propose as a candidate for some honor) 2. nominate, propose - (put forward; nominate for appointment to an office; 'The President nominated her as head of the Civil Rights Commission') WN noun 'nomination': 1. (3) nomination - (the act of officially naming a candidate; 'the Republican nomination for Governor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :BecomingEvent, :Committing, :Proposing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accepting ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nominee ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :Nomination :wnsense "nomination2n" ; :wordnet "nomination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nomination'' is a ''Status'' (a PersistentState) of having been nominated (see ''Nominating'') for some position or honor. There are typically more than one person nominated for a position, among whom there will be a selection process (e.g. an election or a committee vote) to select the 'winner'. A Person with this status will be a ''Nominee''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nomination' in WordNet: 2. nomination - (the condition of having been proposed as a suitable candidate for appointment or election; 'there was keen competition for the nomination'; 'his nomination was hotly protested') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Status, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nominee ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Nominee :wnsense "nominee1n" ; :wordnet "nominee" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Nominee'' is selected by some 'Nominating' process, in the course of which s/he becomes a ''Nominee''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'nominee' (which appears broader than this sense, as the Wn sense seems to include all candidates, which form a parent type in COSMO) in WordNet: 1. campaigner, candidate, nominee - (a politician who is running for public office) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectoralCandidate . :NonAlcoholicBeverage :hasQualitativeAttribute :Nonalcoholic ; :lacks :EthylAlcohol ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''Beverage'' that does not containing more than one-half of one percent of ethanol by volume. This is the type disjoint with ''AlcoholicBeverage''. This definition of ''AlcoholicBeverage'' used to describe this type is taken from the concentration criterion used in California, and therefore does not include very dilute solutions of ethanol as instances, as would be suggested by the SUMO definition. The California statute reads: 'Alcoholic beverage' includes alcohol, spirits, liquor, wine, beer, and every liquid or solid containing alcohol, spirits, wine, or beer, and which contains one-half of 1 percent or more of alcohol by volume and which is fit for beverage purposes either alone or when diluted, mixed, or combined with other substances.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Beverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EthylAlcohol ; owl:onProperty :doesNotContainSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nonalcoholic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :AlcoholicBeverage . :NonArtificially :contrastsWith :Artificially ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Natural ; :isTheOppositeOf :Artificially ; :wnsense "naturally3adv" ; :wordnet "naturally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NonArtificially'' is an adverb meaning 'by natural, not artificial means'. it contrasts with ''Artificially''. The label 'Naturally' is used in COSMO for the interjection meaning 'as expected'. Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'naturally' in WordNet: 3. (60) naturally - (according to nature; by natural means; without artificial help; 'naturally grown flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :NonCommissionedOfficer :guid "9fcc96dc-7139-41d8-85e9-df25200e1cc0" ; :wnsense "noncom1n", "noncommissioned officer1n" ; :wordnet "noncom", "noncommissioned officer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all non-commissioned officers in military services. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'noncommissioned officer' in WordNet: 1. noncommissioned officer, noncom - (a military officer appointed from enlisted personnel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnlistedPerson, :MilitaryOfficer . :NonComputationalDevice a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NonComputationalDevice'' is any device whose primary function is not computation, though it may contain an ''EmbeddedComputer''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ([ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf :DigitalComputer ] :Device ) ] . :NonConforming :isTheOppositeOf :Conforming ; :wnsense "nonconforming1adj" ; :wordnet "nonconforming" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NonConforming'' asserts that the thing modified fails to conform in some sense to some criterion. This is the opposite of ''Conforming'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonconforming' in WordNet: 1. nonconforming, nonconformist - (not conforming to established customs or doctrines especially in religion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Correct . :NonConformist :wnsense "nonconformist2n", "recusant1n" ; :wordnet "nonconformist", "recusant" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NonConformist'' is a ''Dissenter'' who behaves in ways disapproved by some social group because those actions, even though legal, do not conform to accepted norms of behavior. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nonconformist' in WordNet: 2. nonconformist, recusant - (someone who refuses to conform to established standards of conduct) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unorthodox ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NonConscious :isAnAttributeValueOf :SubConscious, :UnconsciousMind ; :wnsense "unconscious2adj" ; :wordnet "unconscious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NonConscious'' is an AttributeValue of Actions of people that take place within the ''UnconsciousMind'' of a Person, of which that Person is unaware. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unconscious' in Wordnet: 2. (1) unconscious - (without conscious volition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NonDestructiveWind :hasCorrespondingProcess :AirCurrent ; :wnsense "wind1n" ; :wordnet "wind" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Wind'' not so strong as to cause damage. Contrast to Tornado and hurricane or other high-velocity wind. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind' in WordNet: 1. (29) wind, air current, current of air - (air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; 'trees bent under the fierce winds'; 'when there is no wind, row'; 'the radioactivity was being swept upwards by the air current and out into the atmosphere') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnergySource, :Wind . :NonEarthPlanet a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any planet in any solar system, except the Earth." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Planet . :NonEarthSolarPlanet a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any SolarPlanet except the Earth." ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonEarthPlanet, :OuterSpaceLocation, :SolarPlanet . :NonEvent :wnsense "stasis2n" ; :wordnet "stasis" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event when some specified thing didn't happen. Similar to a PersistentState, but used differently. The WordNet sense 2 of 'stasis' has this meaning, though it seems to require that there be opposing forces - not necessary for this type.: in WordNet: 2. stasis - (inactivity resulting from a static balance between opposing forces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState . :NonFloweringPlant a :PlantType, :SporeFormerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Plant that reproduces with spores and does not produce flowers. (disjointDecomposition NonFloweringPlant Alga Fern Fungus Moss) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant ; owl:disjointWith :FloweringPlant . :NonFunctional :wnsense "malfunctioning1adj", "nonfunctional2adj" ; :wordnet "malfunctioning", "nonfunctional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'NonFunctional' is the attribute of a Device that cannot perform its DesignFunction, because of some malfunctioning or missing component (if it is merely turned off,it has the AttributeValue 'TurnedOff'). The absence of main function must be due to some malfunction of a component that is not expendable, such as fuel or batteries. The absence of spark plugs in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine would make that vehicle 'NonFunctional'. An empty gasoline tank would make it 'UnableToFunction'. A crack or hole in a container intended to hold fluids would make it NonFunctional if it caused the container to leak so quickly as to be useless; if it could be easily sealed, the container would not be 'Broken'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonfunctional' in Wordnet: 2. malfunctioning, nonfunctional - (not performing or able to perform its regular function; 'a malfunctioning valve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnableToFunction . :NonFunctionalObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A NonFunctionalObject is a PhysicalObject that at one time was functional (either biologically or as an artifact), but has lost its original functionality. In the case of organisms, when an organism is dead it becomes an instance of this type. For artifacts, when the artifact can no longer be restored to its original functionality or has been abandoned because it can no longer serve the intended functionality under new circumstances, it also becomes non-functional and an instance of this class. This type is intended to serve to represent objects that were of a certain type and no longer are. One example is the corpse or other remains of a dead person.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject . :NonGovernmental :pertainsTo :Government, :GovernmentalAuthority, :GovernmentalBuilding, :GovernmentalOrganization, :GovernmentalPolicy ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NonGovernmental'' is a attribute characterizing Organizations and Actions that are not part of or performed by a ''GovernmentalOrganization''. This is commonly used to refer to 'NGOs', non-governmental organizations especially charitable or public service organizations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :NonHumanAnimal :guid "bd58e066-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "e6534f90-c2e0-41d7-80ce-bf3bf02a1467" ; :ldoce "animal" ; :wnsense "animal1n", "beast1n", "creature1n", "critter1n", "fauna2n" ; :wordnet "animal", "beast", "creature", "critter", "fauna" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of Animal that are not instances of Person. Sometimes called 'Beast', but in COSMO this includes all non-human Animals, including insects, worms, fish, etc. NOTE: that Cyc distinguished 'Person' and 'Human' but that distinction is not followed in COSMO, so 'NonPersonAnimal' has been merged with 'NonHumanAnimal' Cyc (#$NonPersonAnimal) The collection of all instances of #$Animal that are not instances of #$Person, and thus incapable of participating in the activities and social roles characteristic of personhood. (For the more 'biological' concept of #$Animals that are not instances of #$HomoSapiens, see #$NonHumanAnimal). 'Beast' is another term for 'NonHumanAnimal'. ('Tain't a fit night out for man nor beast'). Includes noun sense 1 of 'critter' and part of sense 1 of 'beast' (the non-human part) in WordNet: 1. critter - (a regional term for creature (especially domestic animals)) WN 'beast': 1. (4) animal, animate being, beast, brute, creature, fauna - (a living organism characterized by voluntary movement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal ; owl:disjointWith :Organization, :Person . :NonHumanAnimalDisease :wnsense "animal disease1n" ; :wordnet "animal disease" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """See subtype ''zoonosis'' for subtypes of this that can be transmitted to humans. WN noun 'animal disease': in WordNet: 1. animal disease - (a disease that typically does not affect human beings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonHumanAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isUndesirableTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonHumanAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :NonHumanEvent :wnsense "natural action1n", "natural process1n" ; :wordnet "natural action", "natural process" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NonHumanEvent'' is an ''Event'', *not* a ''FunctionalProcess'' that is caused by natural forces, although it may but does not necessarily involve some Human as an agent in causing the 'NonHumanEvent''. A Non-human agent may also be involved. NOTE that a ''NonHumanEvent'' that occurs in Nature without any participation by a person is represented by the subtype ''NaturalPhenomenon''. This type is part of the elaboration of the disinction in COSMO between ''Event'' and ''FunctionalProcess'', where the ''Event'' describes changes occuring over some interval of time, whereas a ''FunctionalProcess'' more closely reflects the *rate* of change(s) at any given instant, **the sum total of which** over some interval of time results in an ''Event''. This is an attempt to differentiate the intuitive distinction between a 'process' and the resulting Event associated with a 'process'. Each ''FunctionalProcess'' should have some type of ''Event'' related to it by the relation ''hasCorrespondingEvent''. The ''FunctionalProcess' that results in a ''NonHumanEvent'' is a ''PhysicalProcess''. See the subtypes for more clarification. NOTE that some of the Wordnet subtypes include chemical or physical Events or processes (flow, decay, oscillation) that may occur within humans, but not necessarily as a result of human volition. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet (see note above about 'process' versus 'event' in COSMO.: in WordNet: 1. natural process, natural action, action, activity - (a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); 'the action of natural forces'; 'volcanic activity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Natural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalProcess ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ] . :NonLiteralManner :takesValue :Figurative ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NonLiteralManner'' is a ''RhetoricalManner' that uses words to imply meanings that are not the original basic meaning of the words. RHW: 'figure of speech' : any expressive use of language, as a metaphor, simile, personification, or antithesis, in which words are used in other than their literal sense, or in other than their ordinary locutions, in order to suggest a picture or image or for other special effect. Cf. trope (def. 1). :: metaphorical, figurative, nonliteral, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticManner . :NonMarketEconomy :wnsense "non-market economy1n" ; :wordnet "non-market economy" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'non-market economy' in WordNet: 1. non-market economy - (an economy that is not a market economy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NationalEconomy . :NonMetal :guid "9f39c3ac-ea8f-41d6-89d1-dfdeb7442d8b" ; :wnsense "nonmetal1n" ; :wordnet "nonmetal" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType and a specialization of #$ElementStuff. Each instance of #$ElementStuff is a piece of tangible stuff, composed of a quantity of atoms, all of which are of the same non-metallic element. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonmetal' in WordNet: 1. (3) nonmetal - (a chemical element lacking typical metallic properties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement . :NonNaturalThing :en "non-natural thing" ; :enn "non-natural thing" ; :guid "bd834d29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of non-natural individuals. This collection is hard to precisely define but, roughly, something is an instance of this collection just in case it is one of the following: 1) #$Individual acts that are intentionally performed by #$IntelligentAgents, or 2) #$Individuals that in some significant sense could only have been the result of the intentional activities of #$IntelligentAgents (or groups thereof). Positive examples in the first category include #$CaesareanSections, negative examples include eating. Positive examples in the second category include instances of industrial pollution and tire tracks. Negative examples include human vomit and human (bare) footprints. CSMO note: this type """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual . :NonParentGuardian :wnsense "guardian1n" ; :wordnet "guardian" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One who is *not* a Parent of a ''MinorChild''; who is Guarding or has responsibility to guard a ''MinorChild'' including those with formal responsibility to act in lieu of a parent to protect a child. NOTE: in the restricted OWL logic it cannot be said that a ''ChildGuardian'' is not a (is disjoint with) ''Parent'' because those acting 'in loco parentis' for one ''MinorChild'' may have children of their own. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'guardian' in WordNet: 1. (4) defender, guardian, protector, shielder - (a person who cares for persons or property) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Guardian . :NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional :guid "c10ae480-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Cyc" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareProfessional . :NonPhysicianPrescriber :guid "bd5a0ee1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Non-physicians who have prescribing ability." ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional, :Prescriber . :NonPortable :en "nonportable" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :CarryingByHand ; :isTheOppositeOf :Portable ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """';NonPortable;' is an attribute of PhysicalObjects that can *not* usually be carried by one or two persons using and supporting he object only with their hand(s). Any Object larger than a 'HumanSizedObject' will be ''NonPortable''. No WN sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NonPortableObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NonPortableObject'' is one that is too large or too heavy to be carried by one or two people using only the hands. This is one characteristic of ''HumanScaleObject''s (larger than ''HumanSizedObject''s), and of objects larger than that. Something small enough to lift with one hand is a ''SmallObject'' COSMO note: this includes objects that can be transported on a dolly by one person, such as a typical kitchen 'Refrigerator', if that object can be lifted onto the dolly by two people, neither of whom is Arnold Schwarzenegger. The object scales included in this type are: LargeObject HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonPortable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NonPoweredDevice :guid "bd59041c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$NonPoweredDevice is a device which does not need to have any kind of energy supplied to it in order for it to perform its intended function. Examples of #$NonPoweredDevices include tables, floor mats, bookshelves, shirts, and coat hangars. A hammer would not be an instance of #$NonPoweredDevice, since it requires kinetic energy to perform its intended function.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device . :NonProfit :en "non-profit" ; :pertainsTo :NonProfitOrganization ; :wnsense "non-profit-making1adj", "nonprofit1adj", "not for profit1n" ; :wordnet "non-profit-making", "nonprofit", "not for profit" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NonProfit'' refers to Organizations or activities that are not performed for Profit, but for charitable, educational, scientific or other purposes that are not motivated by the goal of accumulating money for those perorming the activity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonprofit' in WordNet: 1. nonprofit, non-profit-making - (not commercially motivated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :NonProfitOrganization :en "organization not for profit" ; :guid "bd58aee8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nonprofit organization1n", "nonprofit1n", "not-for-profit1n" ; :wordnet "nonprofit", "nonprofit organization", "not-for-profit" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$NonProfitOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$NonProfitOrganization is an organization that is not operated with the purpose of making a profit. Instances of #$NonProfitOrganization have members, rather than owners. Charities, clubs, schools, political action groups, political parties and churches are usually instances of #$NonProfitOrganization. Instances of #$NonProfitOrganizations are often exempt from certain taxes in particular jurisdictions. Specific examples of elements of #$NonProfitOrganization are #$RedCrossSociety-National and #$RomanCatholicChurch. SUMO: Any Organization whose purpose is something other than making a profit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonprofit organization' in WordNet: 1. nonprofit organization, nonprofit, not-for-profit - (an organization chartered for other than profit-making activities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PrivateOrganization . :NonReal-World :isTheOppositeOf :Real-World ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'NonReal-World' is the attribute of something that is believed (by the ontologist) *not* to exist in the physical universe (or multiverse, if that exists). This includes Fictional things as well as mythical or Imaginary or other things that occur e.g. in superstitions. The Ontologist is free to make commitements as to the reality of such entities.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NonReality a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any state or Event hypothesized to occur, but not in fact occurring in our real universe within the specified interval of time and space. Instances of 'NonReality' would be fictional or counterfactual Events, or ErroneousBeliefs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Situation-Localized ; owl:disjointWith :Reality . :NonReligious :en "nonireligious", "nonreligious" ; :enadj "nonireligious", "nonreligious" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :NonReligiousPerson ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :BelievingaReligiousDoctrine, :Praying ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NonReligious'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes a ''NonReligiousPerson''. NOTE: RHW has 'nonreligious' adjective (stub) but WN does not. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NonReligiousPerson :en "non-religious person" ; :enn "non-religious person" ; :guid "c0c530ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who are not religious in any way. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonReligious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousBeliefs ; owl:onProperty :lacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BelievingaReligiousDoctrine ; owl:onProperty :doesNotPerformAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Praying ; owl:onProperty :doesNotPerformAction ] . :NonStandard :isTheOppositeOf :Standard ; :wnsense "nonstandard2adj" ; :wordnet "nonstandard" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The opposite of 'Standardized'. An attribute of objects or procedures (or of some attribute of objects) that are uncommon and therefore that their use is more difficult because it is unfamiliar. Corresponds to adjective senses 2 of 'nonstandard' in WordNet. in WordNet: 2. nonstandard - (varying from or not adhering to a standard; 'nonstandard windows'; 'envelopes of nonstandard sizes'; 'nonstandard lengths of board') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unusual . :NonStandardSpeech :wnsense "non-standard speech1n" ; :wordnet "non-standard speech" ; a :ActionType, :LanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NonStandardSpeech'' is some subset of standard language that includes some form of specialized ''Terminology'' used by a community that is a subset of the whole language using community. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'non-standard speech' in WordNet: 1. non-standard speech - (speech that differs from the usual accepted, easily recognizable speech of native adult members of a speech community) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpokenCommunicating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Terminology ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :NonUrgent :isTheOppositeOf :Urgent ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Actions that are considered - by some person(s) - as not being 'Urgent', i.e. it can be postponed. This does not mean it is unimportant, merely that it does not have to be performed in the very near future. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :NonWoody :isAnAttributeValueOf :Plant ; :wnsense "nonwoody1adj" ; :wordnet "nonwoody" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonwoody' in Wordnet: 1. nonwoody - (not woody; not consisting of or resembling wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Nonalcoholic :isAnAttributeValueOf :NonAlcoholicBeverage ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :EthylAlcohol ; :wnsense "nonalcoholic1adj" ; :wordnet "nonalcoholic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nonalcoholic'' is the AttributeVale for things that do not contain EthylAlcohol. Applied mostly to ''NonAlcoholicBeverage''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonalcoholic' in Wordnet: 1. nonalcoholic - (characterized by the absence of alcohol; 'nonalcoholic beverages') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Nonattendance :wnsense "nonattendance1n" ; :wordnet "nonattendance" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Nonattendance' is an ''Absence'' of a Person or GroupOfPeople from some ''Event-Organized'' which they might have attended or been expected to attend. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonattendance' in WordNet: 1. nonattendance - (the failure to attend) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :DidNotHappenEvent, :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :AgentType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Absentee ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event-Organized ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlaceOfAbsence ] . :Nonce :en "the nonce", "the time being" ; :enn "the nonce", "the time being" ; :wnsense "nonce1n", "time being1n" ; :wordnet "nonce", "time being" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nonce'' or 'the nonce' or 'the time being' is a part of ''ThePresent'' that is relatively short, and is usually intended to last (temporarily) only until something occurs to change the situation. This is used for situations when some arrangement or adjustment to a situation is made that is satisfactory but anticipated to need further adjustment at some point in the future: 'that will do for the time being'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonce' in WordNet: 1. time being, nonce - (the present occasion; 'for the nonce') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThePresent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interim ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NonceWord :wnsense "hapax legomenon1n", "nonce word1n" ; :wordnet "hapax legomenon", "nonce word" ; a :ObjectType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NonceWord'' is a ''Neologism'' (new word) created just to serve a specific purpose or occasion, and not necessarily intended to be of general or widespread use. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonce word' in WordNet: 1. nonce word, hapax legomenon - (a word with a special meaning used for a special occasion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Neologism . :Noncombustible :isTheOppositeOf :Combustible ; :wnsense "incombustible1adj", "noncombustible1adj", "nonflammable1adj" ; :wordnet "incombustible", "noncombustible", "nonflammable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Noncombustible'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'noncombustible' and includes adj sense 1 of 'nonflammable' in WordNet: 1. noncombustible, incombustible - (not capable of igniting and burning) WN adj 'nonflammable': 1. nonflammable - (impossible to ignite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Nonconductive :isTheOppositeOf :Conductive ; :wnsense "non-conducting1adj", "nonconducting1adj", "nonconductive1adj" ; :wordnet "non-conducting", "nonconducting", "nonconductive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not able to conduct electricity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonconductive' in Wordnet: 1. nonconductive, nonconducting, non-conducting - (not able to conduct heat or electricity or sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :None :ldoce "none" ; :wnsense "none1adj" ; :wordnet "none" ; a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier ; rdfs:comment """The WordNet sense is not actually a quantifier, but it is the closest sense in WN. This means 'no instance (of the implied type)' 'None of the seats are left open'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'none' in WordNet: 1. none - (not any; 'thou shalt have none other gods before me') """ . :NoneOf :hasStringRepresentation "no" ; :ldoce "no" ; :wnsense "no1adj" ; :wordnet "no" ; a :Quantifier ; rdfs:comment """This instance of quantifier 'NoneOf' represents the word 'no' as used in expressing the absence of any instances as in 'Yes, we have no bananas', or 'there are no apples in that bucket'. But the word 'no' itself would be represented by an entity labeled with the CodeListPrefix 'WORD_'. So this instance is not the word 'no' and is therefore not a 'Determiner', a type of Word, though it functions logically as that word does linguistically. For the number zero use 'N_0'. The case variant 'No' should be used as the single-word answer to a yes-no question. As a quantifier, Corresponds adjective sense 1 of 'no' in WordNet: 1. (135) no - (quantifier; used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns for indicating a complete or almost complete lack or zero quantity of; 'we have no bananas'; 'no eggs left and no money to buy any'; 'have you no decency?'; 'did it with no help'; 'I'll get you there in no time') """ . :Nonessential :wnsense "nonessential1n" ; :wordnet "nonessential" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Nonessential' is something that is not necessary for some purpose. This is neither 'undesirable' or 'worthless', just not necessary for some particular task. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'nonessential' in WordNet: 1. inessential, nonessential - (anything that is not essential; 'they discarded all their inessentials') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unnecessary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Nonexistent :wnsense "nonexistent1adj" ; :wordnet "nonexistent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonexistent' in WordNet: 1. (3) nonexistent - (not having existence or being or actuality; 'chimeras are nonexistent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistenceValue . :Nonfictional :isTheOppositeOf :Fictional ; :wnsense "nonfictional1adj" ; :wordnet "nonfictional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Nonfictional' is the attribute of anything that is intended to be ''Factual and not intended to be ''Fictional''. ('factual' may be a subtype?) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonfictional' in Wordnet: 1. nonfictional - (not fictional) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NongovernmentalOrganization :wnsense "NGO1n", "nongovernmental organization1n" ; :wordnet "NGO", "nongovernmental organization" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nongovernmental organization' in WordNet: 1. nongovernmental organization, NGO - (an organization that is not part of the local or state or federal government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Government ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ] ; owl:disjointWith :GovernmentalOrganization . :Noninvasive :isAnAttributeValueOf :OralAdministration ; :isTheOppositeOf :Invasive ; :wnsense "noninvasive1adj" ; :wordnet "noninvasive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'noninvasive' in Wordnet: 1. noninvasive - (relating to a technique that does not involve puncturing the skin or entering a body cavity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NonnegativeInt a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Integer that is greater than or equal to zero. NOTE: this term is abbreviated to avoid potential confusion with the xsd 'nonNegativeInteger', though the meanings are very similar. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Integer, :NonnegativeRealNumber ; owl:disjointWith :NegativeInteger . :NonnegativeRealNumber a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A RealNumber that is greater than or equal to zero." ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealNumber . :Nonprescription :isAnAttributeValueOf :DrugProduct ; :wnsense "nonprescription1adj", "over-the-counter1adj" ; :wordnet "nonprescription", "over-the-counter" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonprescription' in Wordnet: 1. nonprescription, over-the-counter - (purchasable without a doctor's prescription; 'nonprescription drugs'; 'an over-the-counter cold remedy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Nonsense :ldoce "nonsense" ; :wnsense "bunk5n", "hokum1n", "meaninglessness1n", "nonsense1n", "nonsensicality1n" ; :wordnet "bunk", "hokum", "meaninglessness", "nonsense", "nonsensicality" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractText representing some information that is meaningless. The meaningless quality can be due to several factors - lack of truth, logical contradiction, or even the use of meaningless words or words that cannot be reasonably interpreted in the syntactic form used. 'the patient was babbling nonsense about aliens possesing his body' 'speaking in tongues is usually speaking nonsense' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonsense' in WordNet: 1. (5) nonsense, bunk, nonsensicality, meaninglessness, hokum - (a message that seems to convey no meaning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Humbug, :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nonsensical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Nonsensical :ldoce "nonsense" ; :wnsense "meaningless1adj", "nonsense1adj", "nonsensical2adj" ; :wordnet "meaningless", "nonsense", "nonsensical" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute of linguistic or logical assertions that asserts that the assertion evaluated has no meaningful interpretation, or is factually incorrect. 'nonsensical assertions about space aliens'; 'nonsense rhymes' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'nonsensical' and adjective sense 1 of 'nonsense' and part of adj sense 1 of 'meaningless' in WordNet: 2. nonsense, nonsensical - (having no intelligible meaning; 'nonsense syllables'; 'a nonsensical jumble of words') WN adj 'meaningless': 1. (4) meaningless, nonmeaningful - (having no meaning or direction or purpose; 'a meaningless endeavor'; 'a meaningless life'; 'a verbose but meaningless explanation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Incoherent, :Salient . :NonsteroidalAntiInflammatory :wnsense "NSAID1n", "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug1n", "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory1n" ; :wordnet "NSAID", "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory", "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug" ; a :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which reduce inflammation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory' in WordNet: 1. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NSAID - (an anti-inflammatory drug that does not contain steroids; 'NSAIDs inhibit the activity of both Cox-1 and Cox-2 enzymes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AntiInflammatory . :Nontraditional :isTheOppositeOf :Traditional ; :wnsense "nontraditional1adj", "untraditional1adj" ; :wordnet "nontraditional", "untraditional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nontraditional' in Wordnet: 1. nontraditional, untraditional - (not conforming to or in accord with tradition; 'nontraditional designs'; 'nontraditional practices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unconventional . :NonvascularOrganism :wnsense "nonvascular organism1n" ; :wordnet "nonvascular organism" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonvascular organism' in WordNet: 1. nonvascular organism - (organisms without vascular tissue: e.g. algae, lichens, fungi, mosses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism . :Nonviolent :contrastsWith :Violent ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal, :HumanActivity, :ProtestingaPolicy ; :wnsense "nonviolent1adj" ; :wordnet "nonviolent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Nonviolent' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are performed without violence, or People who refrain from violence. This term is commonly used in reference to protests and demonstrations and other actions protesting or advocating some political policy. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nonviolent' in Wordnet: 1. nonviolent - (abstaining (on principle) from the use of violence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Nonworker :wnsense "nonworker1n" ; :wordnet "nonworker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nonworker' in WordNet: 1. nonworker - (a person who does nothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :doesNotPerformAction ] . :Noodle :guid "bd58b091-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "noodle1n" ; :wordnet "noodle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Little things made of flour. We'll assume they are stored dried, and cooked by boiling. This is for a moist Noodle, soft and not dried. A dried noodle would have to be a different subtype. ??How to describe a food that is easily shredded with a mild pressure?? This includes ribbon-shaped, tube-shaped, rope-shaped, and helical ribbons as well as any other shape the cooks can invent. Includes but is broader than (any cross-sectional shape) noun sense 1 of 'noodle' in WordNet: 1. noodle - (a ribbonlike strip of pasta) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThinThing ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pasta ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Noon :wnsense "midday1n", "noon1n" ; :wordnet "midday", "noon" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TimePoint that is 12 hours after Midnight of each day. Note that this is a 'RecurringTimeInterval', but TimePoints in COSMO are also instances of TimeInterval - of zero duration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'noon' in Wordnet: 1. (8) noon, twelve noon, high noon, midday, noonday, noontide - (the middle of the day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Midday ] . :Noose :hasShape :LoopShaped ; :wnsense "noose1n" ; :wordnet "noose" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'noose' in WordNet: 2. noose, running noose, slip noose - (a loop formed in a cord or rope by means of a slipknot; it binds tighter as the cord or rope is pulled) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Configuration, :Fastener, :Loop, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfRope ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :NorfolkIsland a :Country . :Norm :wnsense "norm1n" ; :wordnet "norm" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'norm' is a 'Tradition'' that is both a typical manner of behavior of any kind, among any community, and also a practice that might be disapproved by others if it were volated. But this is not a ''Rule'' and the diapproval, if any, would not be strong enough to cause any negative consequences for one violating the norm. THe ''Tradition'' can be of any kind within any kind of community, including for example traditional practices within professional communities concerning the way aspect of their work is usually performed.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'norm ' in WordNet: 1. (9) norm - (a standard or model or pattern regarded as typical; 'the current middle-class norm of two children per family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tradition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recommended ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NormalOrganismCondition :ldoce "condition" ; :wnsense "condition1n" ; :wordnet "condition" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'OrganismCondition'' that has no (notable) abnormalities. Health, Consciousness. Most interest is in abnormal conditions, but normal physiological parameters can be assigned to this type. NOTE: this contrasts with''PhysiologicalCondition'', a condition that is in some sense not 'normal' because a normal organisms pends less than half its time in that state. Not being 'normal' in this sense does not necessarily imply that there is some Ailment - it only means that this condition is not the most common state of an organism. Thus''Estrus'' is a ''Physiologicalcodition'' rather than a ''NormalOrganismCondition''. For borderline cases like being awake or being asleep, those are both considered ''NormalOrganismCondition''s. Some ''OrganismCondition''s may be classified as either subtype, somewhat arbitrarily at this point. Peraps the breakpoint os if a normal organism spendsat least two-thirds time in a condition, it is considered 'normal' in this sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Conventional ] . :Normative :isAnAttributeValueOf :Norm, :NormativeExample ; :pertainsTo :Norm, :NormativeExample ; :wnsense "normative1adj" ; :wordnet "normative" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'normative' in Wordnet: 1. normative - (relating to or dealing with norms; 'normative discipline'; 'normative samples') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exemplary, :PertainingAttributeValue . :NormativeExample :wnsense "convention2n", "formula5n", "normal1n", "pattern4n", "rule2n" ; :wordnet "convention", "formula", "normal", "pattern", "rule" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''NormativeExample''is a 'GoodExample' that has all or most of the most desirable characteristics of a thing, such that it is believed to serve as a 'model' for imitation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rule' in WordNet: 2. (15) convention, normal, pattern, rule, formula - (something regarded as a normative example; 'the convention of not naming the main character'; 'violence is the rule not the exception'; 'his formula for impressing visitors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodExample, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Normative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :North :ldoce "north" ; :wnsense "north3n" ; :wordnet "north" ; a :CompassDirection-NSEW ; rdfs:comment """The CompassDirection that is 180 degrees rotated from direct South. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'north' in WordNet: 3. (2) north, due north, northward, N - (the cardinal compass point that is at 0 or 360 degrees) """ . :North23 :hasQuantifier :N_23 ; :hasUnit :NorthLatitude ; a :Latitude . :North90 :hasQuantifier :N_90 ; :hasUnit :NorthLatitude ; a :Latitude . :NorthAmericaRegion :wnsense "North America1n" ; :wordnet "North America" ; a :ContinentRegion ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'North America' in WordNet: 1. (4) North America - (a continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama) """ . :NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject :en "North American Citizen" ; :enn "North American Citizen" ; :guid "bd58f614-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who are citizens of, or otherwise by status under the jurisdiction of, a country or other #$GeopoliticalEntity whose territory is located in the #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica. A person native to an area of North America not under the jurisdiction of any #$GeopoliticalEntity would also be an instance of #$NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person . :NorthEast :en "north-east" ; :wnsense "northeast1n" ; :wordnet "northeast" ; a :CompassDirection-NSEW ; rdfs:comment """The CompassDirection that is 45 degrees rotated clockwise from direct North. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'northeast' in WordNet: 1. (1) northeast, nor'-east, northeastward, NE - (the compass point midway between north and east; at 45 degrees) """ . :NorthEastern :wnsense "northeast1adj", "northeasterly2adj", "northeastern1adj" ; :wordnet "northeast", "northeasterly", "northeastern" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NorthEastern'' is an attribute that takes a Region or LandArea as argument and returns the geographically northeasternmost part of that region. ('northeastern US') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'northeastern' in Wordnet: 1. northeastern, northeasterly, northeast - (situated in or oriented toward the northeast; 'the northeasterly part of the island') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :NorthLatitude a :UnitOfMeasure . :NorthPolarRegion :en "North Polar region" ; :enn "North Polar region" ; :isLocatedAt :ArcticZone ; :isaSpatialPartOf :ArcticZone ; :surroundsHorizontally :NorthPole ; a :GeographicalRegion ; rdfs:comment """The ''NorthPolarRegion'' is that portion of the ''ArcticZone'' closest to the NorthPole, extending to a latitude somewhat north of the ArcticCircle. """ . :NorthPole :hasLatitude :North90 ; :isLocatedAt :NorthPolarRegion ; :wnsense "North Pole1n" ; :wordnet "North Pole" ; a :EarthPole ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'North Pole' in WordNet: 1. (2) North Pole - (the northernmost point of the Earth's axis) """ . :NorthSeaAndGulfOfFinland a :BodyOfWater . :NorthWest :wnsense "northwest2n" ; :wordnet "northwest" ; a :CompassDirection-NSEW ; rdfs:comment """The CompassDirection that is 45 degrees rotated clockwise from direct West. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'northwest' in WordNet: 2. northwest, nor'-west, northwestward, NW - (the compass point midway between north and west; at 315 degrees) """ . :NorthWestern :wnsense "northwest1adj", "northwesterly2adj", "northwestern1adj" ; :wordnet "northwest", "northwesterly", "northwestern" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NorthWestern'' is an attribute that takes a Region or LandArea as argument and returns the geographically northwesternmost part of that region. ('northwestern US') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'northwestern' in Wordnet: 1. northwestern, northwesterly, northwest - (situated in or oriented toward the northwest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :Northern :isTheOppositeOf :Southern ; :wnsense "northern2adj" ; :wordnet "northern" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Northern' is an attribute that takes a Region as argument and returns the geographically northernmost part of that region. Corresponds to Part of adjective sense 2 of 'northern' (situated in the northern part) in Wordnet: 2. (6) northerly, northern - (situated in or oriented toward the north; 'the northern suburbs'; 'going in a northerly direction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :NorthernAndSouthernHemispheres :hasComponentElement :NorthernHemisphere, :SouthernHemisphere ; a :Pair . :NorthernHemisphere a :EarthHemisphere . :NorthernMarianaIslands a :Country . :NorthernOriole :wnsense "Icterus galbula1n", "northern oriole1n" ; :wordnet "Icterus galbula", "northern oriole" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'northern oriole' in WordNet: 1. northern oriole, Icterus galbula - (a kind of New World oriole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grackle . :Norway :wnsense "Norway1n" ; :wordnet "Norway" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Norway' in WordNet: 1. (1) Norway, Kingdom of Norway, Norge, Noreg - (a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905) """ . :NorwayRat :wnsense "Norway rat1n", "Rattus norvegicus1n", "brown rat1n" ; :wordnet "Norway rat", "Rattus norvegicus", "brown rat" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Norway rat' in WordNet: 1. brown rat, Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus - (common domestic rat; serious pest worldwide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pest, :Rat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brownish ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Norwegian :wasCreatedBy :NorwegianSpeakers ; :wnsense "Norwegian2n" ; :wordnet "Norwegian" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Norwegian' in Wordnet: 2. Norwegian - (a Scandinavian language that is spoken in Norway) """ . :NorwegianSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Nose :guid "bd58826c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Face ; :ldoce "nose" ; :wnsense "nose1n" ; :wordnet "nose" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Facial organ used in smelling and breathing. SUMO: The Organ of Smelling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nose' in WordNet: 1. (30) nose, olfactory organ - (the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals; 'he has a cold in the nose') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ChemoReceptiveSensor, :ExternalOrgan, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Nosebleed :wnsense "epistaxis1n", "nosebleed1n" ; :wordnet "epistaxis", "nosebleed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nosebleed'' is a ''Bleeding'' from the nose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nosebleed' in WordNet: 1. nosebleed, epistaxis - (bleeding from the nose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bleeding, :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nose ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Nosegay :wnsense "nosegay1n" ; :wordnet "nosegay" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small bouquet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nosegay' in Wordnet: 1. bouquet, corsage, posy, nosegay - (an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bouquet . :Nostalgia :guid "c1005da5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nostalgia1n" ; :wordnet "nostalgia" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of feelings of homesickness, a kind of wistful longing for things experienced in the past. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nostalgia' in Wordnet: 1. (2) nostalgia - (longing for something past) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wistfulness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wistful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wistful ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Nostalgic :pertainsTo :Nostalgia ; :wnsense "homesick1adj", "nostalgic1adj" ; :wordnet "homesick", "nostalgic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nostalgic'' is the attribute of someone feeling a 'longing' for somethingin the past. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nostalgic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) homesick, nostalgic - (unhappy at being away and longing for familiar things or persons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wistful . :Nostril :guid "bd58822e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anterior naris1n", "nostril1n" ; :wordnet "anterior naris", "nostril" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all nostrils. An individual #$Nostril is any opening (#$Portal) in the head (#$Head-AnimalBodyPart) through which #$Breathing occurs other than a #$Mouth or part of one. #$Nostrils may be symmetric parts of #$Noses or #$Beaks, or single holes on the top of a head (a #$Blowhole). SUMO: Either of two BodyVessels that run through the Nose and connect it to the Throat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nostril' in Wordnet: 1. nostril, anterior naris - (either one of the two external openings to the nasal cavity in the nose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalOrifice . :Nosy :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :AskPryingly, :Snooping ; :wnsense "nosey1adj", "nosy1adj", "prying1adj", "snoopy1adj" ; :wordnet "nosey", "nosy", "prying", "snoopy" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nosy' in Wordnet: 1. nosy, nosey, prying, snoopy - (offensively curious or inquisitive; 'curious about the neighbor's doings'; 'he flipped through my letters in his nosy way'; 'prying eyes'; 'the snoopy neighbor watched us all day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impolite, :Inquisitive . :NotAgainstSomeRule :isTheOppositeOf :AgainstSomeRule ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'NotAgainstSomeRule' is an attribute of an Action that does not violate some rule, ie.e. is allowed, including for rules of a game as well as official governmental laws. For 'Legal' meaning against an official law, use 'Legal' This is included to add detail to the notion of 'Legal'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NotBeingPerformed :en "not being performed" ; :enn "not being performed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NotBeingPerformed'' is an ''Inaction'' in which some live ''DramaticPerformance'' is no longer being performed in the most popular venues (such as Broadway), although it may be performed in smaller less-known places (e.g. High Schools) or at some time in the future. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DramaticPerformance ] . :NotDependent :en "not dependent on" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Independence ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dependent ; :wnsense "independent2adj" ; :wordnet "independent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NotDependent'' is a generic Attribute of things (not just organisms or groups of agents) that perform some function without dependening (in any sense) on something else. This generic attribute includes as subtypes the attribute ''Independent'' for people or agent groups This also includes the attribute of a person who has lost a 'dependence' or habituation to some type of behavior or to some substance. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'independent' in WordNet: 2. (11) independent - (not dependent on or conditioned by or relative to anything else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NotExcessive :isTheOppositeOf :Excessive ; :ldoce "fair", "reasonable" ; :wnsense "fair3adj", "reasonable2adj" ; :wordnet "fair", "reasonable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'NotExcessive' is an AttributeValue modifying things other than people or actions or policies (such as prices), indicating that the thing modified is not beyond the limits (not too high or too low in some quantitative sense) of what would be normally expected. Applying this attribute is to make a judgment based on expected or normal values for the thing modified. This would not be used to modify people (use 'Reasonable') or actions (use 'NotUnreasonable), but most other uses of 'reasonable' would suggest use of this AttributeValue. Example: 'drive at a reasonable speed'; 'drinking a reasonable amount of alcohol won't get you drunk'. This corresponds to the sense of 'fair' as in 'fair market value'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'reasonable' and adjective sense 3 of 'fair' in WordNet: 2. (14) fair, fairish, reasonable - (not excessive or extreme; 'a fairish income'; 'reasonable prices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NotHungryAnimal :en "not hungry animal" ; :enn "not hungry animal" ; :guid "71111ae2-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'NotHungry': The collection of #$Animals that are not hungry. A state somewhere in between being #$Hungry and being #$ModeratelyFull. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal . :NotInUSA20070715 :hasSpatialRegion :OutsideOfUSA ; :isSomethingOtherThan :InUSA20070715 ; a :ForeignPlace ; rdfs:comment """Someplace other than the US territory during the 24 hours of 7/15/2007, New York Time.""" . :NotInUSA20081004 :hasSpatialRegion :OutsideOfUSA ; :isSomethingOtherThan :InUSA20081004 ; a :PlaceOfAbsence ; rdfs:comment """Someplace other than the US territory during the 24 hours of 10/04/2008, New York Time.""" . :NotMarriedCouple :en "a couple not married to each other", "not married couple" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NotMarriedCouple'' is two people who are not married to each other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoupleOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spouse ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] ; owl:disjointWith :MarriedCouple . :NotUnreasonable :isTheOppositeOf :Unreasonable ; :ldoce "reasonable" ; :wnsense "reasonable1adj", "reasonable3adj" ; :wordnet "reasonable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'NotUnreasonable' is an AttributeValue modifying actions or policies, and is not applied to people (use 'Reasonable' or quantitative measures (use 'NotExcessive'). Use of NotUnreasonable indicates that the action or policy modified is of a type that a 'Reasonable' person would make, showing sound judgment. Applying this attribute is to make a judgment based on normal behaviors (or policies . Example: 'drive at a reasonable speed'; 'drinking a reasonable amount of alcohol won't get you drunk'. Includes adjective sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'reasonable' (the part not applying directly to people) in WordNet: 1. (17) reasonable, sensible - (showing reason or sound judgment; 'a sensible choice'; 'a sensible person') 3. reasonable, sane - (marked by sound judgment; 'sane nuclear policy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :NotWantingAnAction :en "not want something", "not wanting something" ; :env "not want something" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NotWantingAnAction'' is a ''PersistentState'', a stative Event during which some 'Person' would be displeased if some Action occurs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AvoidanceAction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :NotWhite a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any color that is not white or transparent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute ; owl:disjointWith :White . :NotYetAlive a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that an animal that is mentioned has not yet been conceived, which means that it is a hypothetical animal (or person) that may exists in the future. This provides a referent to refer to anticipated future people as in statements such as 'My children will be well schooled' when such children do not yet exist physically. Such referents might also be attributed to a hypothetical world, to achieve a similar logical effect, but the use of NotYetAlive suggests an expectation (at the time the assertion is made) that such individuals will in fact exist at some point in the future, and are not being postulated for argument's sake. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :Notably :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Remarkable ; :wnsense "notably1adv", "remarkably1adv", "unusually1adv" ; :wordnet "notably", "remarkably", "unusually" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Notably'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies Propositions or Assertions and indicates that the events or attributes characterized are ''Remarkable'' or performed in a 'Remakable'' manner. Corresponds to adveb sense 1 of 'notably' in WordNet: 1. (6) notably - (to a notable extent; 'notably in the social sciences, the professors teach too much') WN adverb 'remarkably': 1. (9) unusually, remarkably, outstandingly, unco - (to a remarkable degree or extent; \"she was unusually tall\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :NotationalSymbol :en "notational symbol" ; a :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NotationalSymbol'' is a Group of one or more ''AbstractSymbol''s that represent a part of a system of notation. This does not have to be a complete 'Word', but may be only part of a word, one AbstractCharacter or some combination of Characters , or even several strngs strung together randomly. It does not have to have a meaning nor to function as a unit. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, :AbstractSymbol . :NotationalSystem :wnsense "notation1n", "notational system1n" ; :wordnet "notation", "notational system" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NotationalSystem'' is an .''Information-encoding-system'' that uses a Group of ''NotationalSymbol''s (''AbstractSymbol''s) ordered by a ''Grammar'' to represent information of any type. \"objecttype\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'notation' in WordNet: 1. (2) notation, notational system - (a technical system of symbols used to represent special things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalSystem, :Information-encoding-system, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :NotationalSymbol ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :Grammar ] . :Notch :wnsense "notch3n" ; :wordnet "notch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'notch' in WordNet: 3. notch - (a V-shaped or U-shaped indentation carved or scratched into a surface; 'there were four notches in the handle of his revolver') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indentation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtifactObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incising ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Note :wnsense "note2n" ; :wordnet "note" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Note'' is a short ''PhysicalEventRecord'' that is a brief description of some Event or thoughts. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'note' in WordNet: 2. (223) note - (a brief written record; 'he made a note of the appointment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Notebook :wnsense "notebook1n" ; :wordnet "notebook" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Notebook'' is a ''Book-Physical'' that starts with many blank pages, which are filled with notes for any of various purposes. A Diary (hardcopy) is one example, a lab notebook for records of experiments is another. NOTE that the restriction 'hasPhysicalPart' - 'BlankPage' is for noteooks that are not completely filled. A distinction can be made when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'notebook' in WordNet: 1. (2) notebook - (a book with blank pages for recording notes or memoranda) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingByHand ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlankPage ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Notice :wnsense "notice1n" ; :wordnet "notice" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Notice''is a ''Message'' produced and transmitted by a ''Notifying'' Action. This is the abstract content of the Message. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'notice' in WordNet: 1. (8) notice - (an announcement containing information about a future event; 'you didn't give me enough notice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Message, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Notifying ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :NoticeSign :guid "bd58b6a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "notice5n", "placard1n", "poster1n", "posting1n", "sign2n" ; :wordnet "notice", "placard", "poster", "posting", "sign" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NoticeSign'' is a ''HardcopyInformationBearingObject'' that contains visual information can be interpreted quickly, being on only one sheet or flat board or plaque, or on the surface of some Object such as a wall or 'Marquee'', and often posted vertically on a wall, though large free-standing billboards are included in this type. This includes traffic signs, signs on public restroom doors, campaign signs stuck into lawns, signs on stores. It can be outside or inside, but is typically placed where it can be seen by persons who can gain useful information from it. It is not necessarily linguistic, and includes icons that symbolize things, like 'no X' signs with X symbolized by some icon, contined within a circle and a diagonal cross through it. NOE that the location of a ''Sign'' is visible from ''PublicallyAccessiblePlace'' which means that the property is open to the public, even if it is in a privately owned structure, as in a hotel or theater (e.g. 'Thank You for not Smoking'). This is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' but is not necessarily a ''FreeSheet'', as it can be merely the surface part of a larger object such as a building or wall or ''Marquee''. CYC 'SignTheDisplay': A specialization of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject. Each instance of #$SignTheDisplay is a physical object typically placed where #$Persons can see it so that they can obtain (generally propositional) information from it. Signs are typically used to identify objects (e.g., street signs, name tags, species labels at zoos), to advertise goods (e.g., billboards, neon signs, posters for garage sales), and to warn of hazards (e.g., signs for road hazards or road construction, printed tape marking off a police line). #$SignTheDisplay differs from #$SymbolicObject in displaying specific information rather than symbolizing another thing, though the two collections are obviously not disjoint. See also #$signifiesTo, #$signifies. corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'sign' in RHW: 'a notice, bearing a name, direction, warning, or advertisement, that is displayed or posted for public view: a traffic sign; a store sign.' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sign' and part of noun sense 5 of 'notice' in WordNet: 2. (5) sign - (a public display of a (usually written) message; 'he posted signs in all the shop windows') WN noun 'notice': 5. (1) poster, posting, placard, notice, bill, card - (a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement; 'a poster advertised the coming attractions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfSomeStuff, :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublicProperty ; owl:onProperty :isVisibleFrom ] . :Noticing :en "noticing" ; :ldoce "notice" ; :wnsense "notice2n", "notice2v" ; :wordnet "notice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Noticing' is a 'Perceiving' in which the agent doing the perceiving ***becomes consciously aware*** of the thing perceived (an implication not yet represented). The perception can be through any of the senses: 'he noticed that the wine had a bitter taste'. The difference between 'Noticing' and 'Observation' is that in a 'Noticing' detecting the thing noticed was not the purpose of the perceving, it was incidental to the purpose (if any) of the perceiving; whereas in 'Observation' the thing obsserved was observed intentionally. @ToDo: this distinction may not be needed, perhaps it never is used in reasoning? Review - perhaps merge with 'Observation'. Sense distinctions: there may be a distinction between noticing an instance of an object or substance, and noticing a fact 'the man whispered something to her'; but noticing an object is also noticing a fact 'the object is present there', and it is not clear how to make this distinction. Subtypes may be defined later (e.g. 'NoticingThePresenceOfSomeObject') but as of r787 this type has no subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 2, and noun sense 2 of 'notice' in WordNet: 2. (21) notice, mark, note - (notice or perceive; 'She noted that someone was following her'; 'mark my words') WN noun 'notice': 2. (4) notice, observation, observance - (the act of noticing or paying attention; 'he escaped the notice of the police') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IntentionalMentalSituation, :Perceiving . :Notifying :wnsense "advise2v", "apprisal1n", "apprise1v", "apprize1v", "give notice2v", "notification2n", "notify1v", "send word1v", "telling2n" ; :wordnet "advise", "apprisal", "apprise", "apprize", "give notice", "notification", "notify", "send word", "telling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Notifying'' is an ''Informing'' one or more People of some fact that is likely to be significant or of interest to those people. The audience is generally restricted to people that are expected to need or want the information and not the general public. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'notify' in WordNet: 1. (10) advise, notify, give notice, send word, apprise, apprize - (inform (somebody) of something; 'I advised him that the rent was due') WN noun 'notification' 2. telling, apprisal, notification - (informing by words) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Notice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NaturalLanguage ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :Notion :wnsense "belief2n", "feeling2n", "impression1n", "notion1n", "opinion6n" ; :wordnet "belief", "feeling", "impression", "notion", "opinion" ; a :BeliefType, :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Notion'' is a ''Thought'' that is a weak ''Belief'' derived from an inuitive thinking process rather than a reasoning process. Thi may be composed of more than one ''Thought'', representing some state of things. This is an idea that a person may consider possible, though not necessarily highly probable. A ''Notion'' is not as formal as a ''Theory'', and may or may not be true or rational. It is in effect an informal, not well-thought out set of ideas. When more thoroughly considered and more firmly held, it is the subtype ''Opinion''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'notion' in WordNet: 1. (14) impression, feeling, belief, notion, opinion - (a vague idea in which some confidence is placed; 'his impression of her was favorable'; 'what are your feelings about the crisis?'; 'it strengthened my belief in his sincerity'; 'I had a feeling that she was lying') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thought . :Notoriety :wnsense "notoriety1n" ; :wordnet "notoriety" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Notoriety' is a SocialState (a PersistentState) of 'BeingRecognized' in which the recognition is spread very widely, among more than a few people, and the deed(s) for which a Person is recognized are generally considered as bad things. For wide recognition for doing good things, use 'Fame' or ''GoodReputation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'notoriety' in WordNet: 1. notoriety, ill fame - (the state of being known for some unfavorable act or quality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :BeingRecognized . :Notorious :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Notoriety ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unknown ; :wnsense "ill-famed1adj", "infamous1adj", "notorious1adj" ; :wordnet "ill-famed", "infamous", "notorious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of people who are well-known for having performed bad deeds. Linguistically, 'notorious' is also applied to places associated with people who perform bad deeds, and sometimes the bad deeds themselves - logically, for this attribute to be applied, the interpretation of the meaning of 'notorious' as applied to things other than people must be related to people who perform bad deeds. A Person in the state of 'Notoriety' is necessarily a Notorious Person. A Person can be Notorious for some deeds and Famous for others, so this attribute is not disjoint with 'Famous'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 'notorious' and sense 1 of 'infamous' in WordNet: 1. (5) ill-famed, infamous, notorious - (having an exceedingly bad reputation; 'a notorious gangster'; 'the tenderloin district was notorious for vice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Familiar, :Salient, :SocialStatusAttribute . :Notoriously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Notorious ; :wnsense "notoriously1adv" ; :wordnet "notoriously" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'notoriously' in Wordnet: 1. (1) notoriously - (to a notorious degree; 'European emigres, who notoriously used to repair to the British Museum to write seditious pamphlets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Noun :ldoce "noun" ; :wnsense "noun1n", "noun2n" ; :wordnet "noun" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally serve as names for things, whether those things are semantically Objects, Places, Times, or Events. Includes both noun senses of 'noun' in Wordnet: 1. (1) noun - (a word that can be used to refer to a person or place or thing) 2. (1) noun - (a word that can serve as the subject or object of a verb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :NounPhrase a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A Phrase that has the same function as a Noun." ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalStructure ; owl:disjointWith :VerbPhrase . :Nourishing :en "nourishing" ; :wnsense "cultivate1v", "nourish1v", "nurture3v", "sustain3v" ; :wordnet "cultivate", "nourish", "nurture", "sustain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Providing nourishment (food and other things needed for life and growth) to animals or plants.. This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nourish' and verb sense 1 of 'cultivate' in WordNet: 1. nourish, nurture, sustain - (provide with nourishment; 'We sustained ourselves on bread and water'; 'This kind of food is not nourishing for young children') WN verb 'cultivate': 1. (3) cultivate - (foster the growth of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :Nurturing . :Novel :guid "bd58896f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "novel" ; :wnsense "novel1n" ; :wordnet "novel" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO, all 'Novels' are fictional even if they are 'reality-based'. In Cyc termed 'Novel-CW' Cyc: The collection of all #$ConceptualWorks that are novels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'novel' in WordNet: 1. (17) novel - (a extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalStory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FictionalContext ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ] . :Novel-New :ldoce "new" ; :wnsense "new4adj", "novel1adj" ; :wordnet "new", "novel" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to things that are recently created - artificially or naturally. 'New' is a vague term, and relative to normal time period expectations. This is for objects; for Events that have occured in the near past, use 'Recent'. The linguistic usage of 'new' and 'recent' overlap, but this COSMO sense sould only be applies to objects that have been recently created ('a newborn baby'), NOTE that things are 'Novel-New' only for some period of time after they are invented. This is vague - not yet determined. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'novel' and sense 4 of 'new' in WordNet: 1. (6) fresh, new, novel - (original and of a kind not seen before; 'the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :New . :NovelSeries a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of two or more Novels, having some unifying similarity - the same characters, or places, or themes, and written with the intention of all novels being considered as being part of the same world. A series of crime novels with the same detective in each is one example. A group of crime novels by the same author that does not have significant cross-references indicating that they are to be taken as a single context would not be an instance. The series of mysteries featuring Sherlock Holmes is an instance.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiction-DerivedWorks, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Novel ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :NovelThing :en "new thing", "novel thing", "something new", "something novel" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NovelThing'' is something that is ''Novel-New''. i.e., not previously known or thought of or done. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Novel-New ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Novelist :guid "bd58b5f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "novelist1n" ; :wordnet "novelist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who has written at least one novel that has been published and sold somewhere. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'novelist' in Wordnet: 1. (6) novelist - (one who writes novels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProfessionalAuthor, :Writer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAuthorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Novel ] . :November :guid "bd58c0a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "November1n" ; :wordnet "November" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are November. CYC: A specialization of #$CalendarMonth. Each instance of #$November is the eleventh month of a particular year in the #$GregorianCalendar (q.v.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'November' in Wordnet: 1. (22) November, Nov - (the month following October and preceding December) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Novice :wnsense "beginner1n", "initiate1n", "novice2n", "tyro1n" ; :wordnet "beginner", "initiate", "novice", "tyro" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''Novice'' is an ''Amateur'' who is just beginning to learn a particular activity. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'novice' in WordNet: 2. novice, beginner, tyro, tiro, initiate - (someone new to a field or activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amateur, :Newbie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inexperienced ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Now :en "at present", "the present", "the the present time" ; :ldoce "now" ; :wnsense "currently1adv", "now1n", "presently2adv" ; :wordnet "currently", "now", "presently" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Now is a TimePoint that is referenced as the time at which some sentence is created, and at which the assertion(s) of the sentence are true; if the sentence is in the past or future tenses, the past or future are referenced to the time of the sentence. Each assertion that is indexed in Time has an implicit Now. This is represented linguistically as a noun. The adverb 'now' also references this time point, but in a different manner. For the adverb sense of 'nowadays', 'these days' use 'Nowadays'. For any assertion that references an instance of 'Now', that time can be back-referenced in a data base to determine when assertions were made. There may be very many instances of 'Now' in a database. The phrase 'the present' can also be expressed as 'now'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'now' and adverb sense 1 of 'currently' in WordNet: 1. (10) now - (the momentary present; 'Now is a good time to do it'; 'it worked up to right now') WN adverb 'currently': 1. (4) presently, currently - (at this time or period; now; 'he is presently our ambassador to the United Nations'; 'currently they live in Connecticut') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TheMoment, :TimePoint . :NowTillDeadline a :AttributeValueType, :DifferenceType, :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NowTillDeadline'' is the TimeInterval between ''Now'' and some ''Deadlne'' - the ''AvailableTime'' to complete some Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference, :NumericalDifference, :TimeDuration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Now ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Deadline ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :Nowadays :en "these days", "today's times" ; :ldoce "now", "today" ; :wnsense "now2adv", "nowadays1adv", "today1adv" ; :wordnet "now", "nowadays", "today" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Nowadays' is a 'TimeInterval' extending from the present back to some indefinite point in the past, which may be less than a year ago or as much as a century ago. The phrase 'these days' is approximately of the same meaning. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'nowadays' and adverb sense 2 of 'now' and adverb sense 1 of 'today' in WordNet: 1. (1) nowadays, now, today - (in these times; 'it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished'- Nancy Mitford; 'we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets'; 'today almost every home has television') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval . :Nowhere :ldoce "nowhere" ; :wnsense "nowhere1adv" ; :wordnet "nowhere" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Place ; rdfs:comment """'Nowhere', like 'nothing' refers to something nonexistent - in the case of 'nowhere' it is a place. However, the word 'nowhere' usually is relative to something 'nowhere in sight'; 'nowhere to be found'. Therefore its interpretation will have to depend on the context in which it is used. The logical function 'Nowhere' can serve to provide interpretive procedures to evaluate the context and return an appropriate meaning. NOTE: this muigh be better represented as a class - see also 'nobody' and 'Nothing'. @ToDo: rethink this classification. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'nowhere' in WordNet: 1. (11) nowhere - (not anywhere; in or at or to no place; 'I am going nowhere') """ . :NthRatio a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """n 'NthRatio' is a 'NumericRatio' in which the numerator is 1 (one), as in one-tenth, one-third, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumericRatio, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :N_1 ; owl:onProperty :hasNumerator ] . :Nuance :en "shade of meaning" ; :enn "shade of meaning" ; :wnsense "nicety2n", "nuance1n", "refinement4n", "shade4n", "subtlety1n" ; :wordnet "nicety", "nuance", "refinement", "shade", "subtlety" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nuance'' is an ''IntendedMeaning'' that is slighty different from some other ''IntendedMeaning'' that could be conveyed by the same phrase in a different context. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuance' in WordNet: 1. (2) nuance, nicety, shade, subtlety, refinement - (a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude; 'without understanding the finer nuances you can't enjoy the humor'; 'don't argue about shades of meaning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Context ; owl:onProperty :mayBeAffectedBy ] . :Nuclear :pertainsTo :AtomicNucleus ; :wnsense "nuclear2adj" ; :wordnet "nuclear" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nuclear'' pertains to an ''AtomicNucleus''s forces and events within an ''AtomicNucleus''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'nuclear' in Wordnet: 2. (8) nuclear - (of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom; 'nuclear physics'; 'nuclear fission'; 'nuclear forces') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Nuclear-Cellular :pertainsTo :AtomicNucleus ; :wnsense "nuclear3adj" ; :wordnet "nuclear" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nuclear-Cellular'' pertains to a ''CellNucleus'' and the components and events within a ''CellNucleus''. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'nuclear' in Wordnet: 3. (1) nuclear - (of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of a cell; 'nuclear membrane'; 'nuclear division') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :NuclearBody :en "nuclear body" ; :enn "nuclear body" ; :guid "bd58c369-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The part of a cell which contains the genetic material. This includes the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the nucleoid of prokaryotic cells. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CellPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DNA ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RNA ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :NuclearBomb :guid "c10c3655-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Bomb. Each instance of #$NuclearBomb is a bomb that derives its explosive force from energy released during nuclear fission or fusion.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bomb, :NuclearWeapon . :NuclearEnergy :wnsense "atomic energy1n", "nuclear energy1n" ; :wordnet "atomic energy", "nuclear energy" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Energy contained in the nuclei of Atoms. This is the energy that is released in nuclear reactors to be used by people, or released in nuclear weapons to blow things up. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear energy' in WordNet: 1. atomic energy, nuclear energy - (the energy released by a nuclear reaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energy . :NuclearExplosion :wnsense "atomic explosion1n", "nuclear explosion1n" ; :wordnet "atomic explosion", "nuclear explosion" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An explosion caused by a nuclear fission or fusion process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear explosion' in WordNet: 1. nuclear explosion, atomic explosion - (the explosion of an atomic bomb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Explosion . :NuclearFission :wnsense "fission1n", "nuclear fission1n" ; :wordnet "fission", "nuclear fission" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NuclearFission'' produces at least two ''AtomicNucleus''es from one larger ''AtomicNucleus'', and also other radiation energy in some form and possibly other aubatomic particles. Emitting a 'helium nucleus' is not usually classified as ''NuclearFission'', but 'alpha radiation'. NOTE: if ''NuclearFission'' can produce more than two nuclei, the 'produces' cardinality of 2 should be set as a minimum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear fission' in WordNet: 1. (1) fission, nuclear fission - (a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPhenomenon, :SplittingApart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AtomicNucleus ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AtomicNucleus ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :AtomicNucleus ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :NuclearFuel :guid "c1007fec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nuclear fuel1n" ; :wordnet "nuclear fuel" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$NuclearRelatedMaterial and #$EnergyStuff. Each instance of #$NuclearFuel is some radioactive substance that can be used as an energy source in a nuclear reactor or a nuclear weapon. NOTE: this is for fission fuel, not for hydrogen that may be used in a hydrogen bomb or in a fusion power facility. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear fuel' in WordNet: 1. nuclear fuel - (fuel (such as uranium) that can be used in nuclear reactors as a source of electricity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Fuel, :RadioactiveSubstance . :NuclearGeneratedElectricity :guid "be0c8612-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "atomic power1n", "nuclear power1n" ; :wordnet "atomic power", "nuclear power" ; a :EnergyType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of electricity generated by nuclear fission reactors. If and when fusion ower becomes practical, a newand different type can be added. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear power' in WordNet: 1. atomic power, nuclear power - (nuclear energy regarded as a source of electricity for the power grid (for civilian use)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electricity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NuclearReactor ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByArtifact ] . :NuclearPhysicist :wnsense "nuclear physicist1n" ; :wordnet "nuclear physicist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A NuclearPhysicist is a Scientist who does research in ''ParticlePhysics''. That field includes all branches of Physics dealing with subatomic particles. Subtypes can be created. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear physicist' in WordNet: 1. nuclear physicist - (a physicist who specializes in nuclear physics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physicist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParticlePhysics ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SubAtomicParticle ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :NuclearPoweredDevice :en "nuclear powered device" ; :enn "nuclear powered device" ; :guid "c1009f53-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$NuclearPoweredDevice is a device which uses nuclear fission or fusion reactions as a source of its power. Specializations of #$NuclearPoweredDevice include #$NuclearSubmarine and #$NuclearAircraftCarrier. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NuclearRelatedThing, :SelfPoweredDevice . :NuclearProduct :guid "c0b64338-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ProductType. This collection comprises all #$NuclearRelatedThings that are for sale or in storage to be sold at some later point, i.e. are #$Products.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NuclearRelatedThing, :Product . :NuclearReaction :wnsense "nuclear reaction1n" ; :wordnet "nuclear reaction" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear reaction' in WordNet: 1. (2) nuclear reaction - ((physics) a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :AtomicNucleus ] . :NuclearReactor :guid "c091f9d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nuclear reactor1n", "reactor2n" ; :wordnet "nuclear reactor", "reactor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both of #$MechanicalDevice and #$NuclearProduct (qq.v.). Each instance of #$NuclearReactor is a device that uses instances of #$NuclearFuel (q.v.) to produce energy, which in turn is typically used to produce electricity via an #$ElectricalGenerator-Nuclear (q.v.). Note that some instance of #$NuclearReactor is a physical part of each instance of #$ElectricalGenerator-Nuclear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear reactor' in WordNet: 1. (1) nuclear reactor, reactor - ((physics) any of several kinds of apparatus that maintain and control a nuclear reaction for the production of energy or artificial elements) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Apparatus, :ConstructionArtifact, :MechanicalDevice, :PoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioactiveSubstance ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NuclearGeneratedElectricity ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :NuclearRelatedThing :guid "def4096a-bc7d-41d7-8618-f407fc61a292" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ProductType. This is the collection of all things related to the use of nuclear energy or nuclear radiation, including things related to nuclear weapons, nuclear power generators, and nuclear medical devices. The collection includes, for example, all #$NuclearServiceEvents, #$Artifacts that are components in nuclear reactors, and all kinds of #$NuclearFuel, as well as nonfissionable #$RadioactiveStuff.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeterogeneousCategory . :NuclearWeapon :guid "bd58a0da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nuclear weapon1n" ; :wordnet "nuclear weapon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$WeaponOfMassDestruction, #$NuclearPoweredDevice, and #$ExplosiveDevice. Each instance of #$NuclearWeapon isa a weapon that derives its destructive power from nuclear energy. SUMO: An ExplosiveDevice and RadioactiveWeapon which achieves its effect by means of a critical mass of a radioactive substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nuclear weapon' in WordNet: 1. nuclear weapon - (a weapon of mass destruction whose explosive power derives from a nuclear reaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplosiveDevice, :MilitaryWeapon, :NuclearPoweredDevice, :WeaponOfMassDestruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nuclear ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NucleicAcid :en "polynucleotide" ; :guid "1212993e-0ad6-11d6-8000-0050dac4bdee" ; :hasMonomerUnit :NucleotideUnit ; :wnsense "nucleic acid1n" ; :wordnet "nucleic acid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc was 'NucleicAcidType'. Cyc: A collection of collections. Instances are acids (see #$AcidType) composed of chains of nucleotides (see #$PolynucleotideStrand). This can also be considered as a 'polynucleotide', but that term does not appear in WordNet. This is formally an ''Acid'' but that is too irrelevant to its salient properties to include at this point. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (1) nucleic acid - ((biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biopolymer, :NitrogenCompound, :OrganicCompound, :OxygenCompound, :PhosphorusCompound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NucleotideUnit ; owl:onProperty :hasMonomerUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NucleicAcidMolecule ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :NucleicAcidMolecule a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NucleicAcidMolecule'' is a ''ChemicalSequence'' consisting of ''NucleotideUnit''s. This is one ''Molecule'' of a ''NucleicAcid''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSequence, :Molecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NucleotideUnit ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Nucleon :guid "bd588191-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nucleon1n" ; :wordnet "nucleon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$SubAtomicParticle. Each instance of #$Nucleon is a subatomic particle found in some atomic nucleus (see the collection #$AtomicNucleus). #$Nucleon has two subcollections, #$Proton and #$Neutron. Every instance of #$AtomicNucleus is composed of some number of #$Nucleons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nucleon' in WordNet: 1. nucleon - (a constituent (proton or neutron) of an atomic nucleus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Baryon . :Nucleotide :guid "bfdf3acd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nucleotide1n" ; :wordnet "nucleotide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nucleotide'' is a phosphate ester of a nucleoside. Nucleotides can be linked in to polymers called ''NucleicAcid''s (DNA or RNA). NOTE: this is for compunds with *one* ''PhosphateGroup'' in them, Polyphosphates such as ATP are not direct subtypes of this. NOTE: the CYC 'Nucleotide' is a CYC subclass of ''Monomer'' but that CYC element is ambiguous in that it seems include monomers that are linked into polynucleotides - Here we ignore the CYC parent 'Monomer'. CYC: The collection of all nucleotides. Instances of this collection are chemical compounds consisting of a phosphate group, a simple 5-carbon sugar, and a #$NitrogenBase. This collection divides into two groups: #$Ribonucleotide, whose instances use #$Ribose as the simple 5-carbon sugar, and #$Deoxyribonucleotide, whose instances use #$Deoxyribose as the simple 5-carbon sugar. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nucleotide' in Wordnet: 1. nucleotide - (a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ester, :FreeMonomerUnit, :NitrogenCompound, :OxygenCompound, :PhosphorusCompound . :NucleotideUnit :en "nucleotide monomer", "nucleotide unit" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AtomGroup'' that is part of a polynucleotide. The free linked compound is a 'nucleotide' (nucleoside phosphate), each unit of which loses the elements of water when it is linked into a polymer. NOTE that this is not a free nuceotide, but a nucleotide that is linked to others in a NucleicAcid. @ToDo: need to define a 'nucleoside unit' as part of this. @ToDo: this entity should be defined by a restriction on types, not instances. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonomerUnit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :NucleicAcid ] . :NudgingAnObject :eng "nudging" ; :wnsense "nudge1v", "poke at1v", "prod1v" ; :wordnet "nudge", "poke at", "prod" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NudgingAnObject'' is a ''PushingEvent'' that is gentle and causes only a small movement of some ''SolidObject''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'nudge' in WordNet: 1. (4) nudge, poke at, prod - (to push against gently; 'She nudged my elbow when she saw her friend enter the restaurant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PushingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObjectType :SolidObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gentle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :NudgingaPersonToAct :wnsense "nudge2v" ; :wordnet "nudge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'nudge' in WordNet: 2. nudge - (push into action by pestering or annoying gently) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecommendingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gentle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Nugget :wnsense "nugget1n" ; :wordnet "nugget" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nugget'' is a ''Lump'' of some Precious metal, usually gold or Silver. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nugget' in WordNet: 1. nugget - (a solid lump of a precious metal (especially gold) as found in the earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lump, :NaturalObject, :SmallObject, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreciousMetal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ] . :Numb :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Numbness ; :wnsense "numb1adj" ; :wordnet "numb" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Numb'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for ''BodyPart''s that normally have sensation and have lost that capability. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'numb' in Wordnet: 1. (3) asleep, benumbed, numb - (lacking sensation; 'my foot is asleep'; 'numb with cold') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Number :ldoce "number" ; :wnsense "number1n", "number2n" ; :wordnet "number" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Number is both a Quantity and an Object. This contrasts with PhysicalQuantity, which is a Quantity and an AttributeValue. Pure numbers and physical quantities (numbers plus units of measure) are disjoint entities. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'number' in WordNet: 1. (1051) number, figure - (the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals; 'he had a number of chores to do'; 'the number of parameters is small'; 'the figure was about a thousand') 2. (260) number - (a concept of quantity derived from zero and units; 'every number has a unique position in the sequence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalObject, :Quantifier . :NumberE :hasApproximateValue "2.718281828459045"^^xsd:float ; a :PositiveRealNumber . :NumberOfAttendees :en "number of attendees" ; :wnsense "attendance3n" ; :wordnet "attendance" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NumberOfAttendees' (generally referred to as the 'attendance') is the integer Number of the''\"Attendee''s at some ''SocialGathering''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'attendance' in WordNet: 3. attendance - (the number of people that are present; 'attendance was up by 50 per cent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumberOfThings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonnegativeInt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Attendee ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ] . :NumberOfThings a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NumberOfThings' is the integer Number of any kind of 'Thing' in any given context. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardinalityValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Counting ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :NumberPerAreaUnit a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NumberPerAreaUnit'' is a ''NumericalDensityUnit''that quantifies the number of individuals within some 'area' of a surface. This can be used, for example, for human or non-human population density such as people or anumals per square mile, or for the density of hair on some part of an animal, or for the density of plants within some surface area, or for any other type of entuty that can be enumerated within some area. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumericalDensityUnit . :NumberPerPlaceUnit a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NumberPerPlaceUnit'' can be used to specify te population of entities (e.g. organisms) in some ''Place'' without the need to be specific about the area or volume. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumericalDensityUnit . :NumberPerVolumeUnit a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NumberPerVolumeUnit'' is a UnitOfMeasure that expresses the number of individuals in some volume of space. This is not the same as mass per volume, a different unit. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumericalDensityUnit . :NumberRange a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A NumberRange is a Quantifier that is mostly used with units of measure, to express the idea that a measure falls within that range. Instances of NumberRange can be represented in COSMO by using the NamespacePrefix 'R_' in front of the range, which is the lower number and higher number separated by a hyphen. Thus the NumberRange 25 to 30 can be reified by creating an instance of NumberRange labeled 'R_25-30'. Using this formalism, a measure that is within the range of 30 to 32 meters could be represented by the function term (in ESKIF) '{R_25-30 meters)'. In implementations that allow the use of bare numbers in an expression, two numbers separated by a hyphen (e.g. '25-30') might be interpreted as a range, rather than as a number derived by subtraction Programs interpreting such a NumberRange may use it as required for the local application.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :Quantifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:float ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:float ] . :NumberString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NumberString is an AbstractString which is a representation of a number. NumberStrings have different formats, including integer, decimal, real, hexadecimal, binary, and scientific notation, along with national variants.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString . :Numbness :wnsense "numbness1n" ; :wordnet "numbness" ; a :EventType, :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'numbness' in WordNet: 1. (1) numbness - (partial or total lack of sensation in a part of the body; a symptom of nerve damage or dysfunction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSymptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodySensation ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Numb ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Numeral :guid "bd590652-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Arabic numeral1n", "Hindu numeral1n", "Hindu-Arabic numeral1n", "digit1n", "numeral1n" ; :wordnet "Arabic numeral", "Hindu numeral", "Hindu-Arabic numeral", "digit", "numeral" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Numeral'' is an''AbstractCharacter'' that represents one of the 'Arabric numerals' from 0 to 9.. CYC: A specialization of #$WritingSymbolCharacter instances of which are individual abstract characters used as symbols for numbers in some numeric system or other. Instances include the #$ArabicNumerals '0' through '9' and single-character Roman numerals. Numerals from a given numeric system can normally be combined according to the rules of that system to form numeric character-strings that serve as names of numbers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Arabic numeral' and *part* of noun sense 1 of 'numeral' (for single digits) in WordNet: 1. Arabic numeral, Hindu numeral, Hindu-Arabic numeral - (one of the symbols 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0) WN noun 'numeral': 1. numeral, number - (a symbol used to represent a number; 'he learned to write the numerals before he went to school') WN noun 'digit': 1. (13) digit, figure - (one of the elements that collectively form a system of numeration; '0 and 1 are digits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumericalCharacter . :Numerator :wnsense "numerator1n" ; :wordnet "numerator" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Numerator'' is the part of a ''Ratio'' (considered as a fraction) that is divided by the Denominator. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'numerator' in WordNet: 1. numerator - (the dividend of a fraction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dividend . :NumericRatio :ldoce "fraction" ; :wnsense "fraction3n", "ratio1n" ; :wordnet "fraction", "ratio" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ratio of two RealNumber's (any one of which may be transcendental, such as [i), represented as an OrderedPair, with the numerator first and denominator second. Linguistically usually called a 'fraction'. NOTE that although many common ratios are ratios of whole numbers, and therefor RationalNumbers, this more general type can be used to represent symbolic rations on transcendental numbers, such as pi/2 or e/4. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fraction' in WordNet: 3. (4) fraction - (the quotient of two rational numbers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ratio, :RealNumber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RealNumber :Denominator :Numerator :Quantifier :QuantifierType :NonnegativeInt ) ] ] . :Numerical :isAnAttributeValueOf :Arithmetic, :Number ; :pertainsTo :Number, :NumericalCharacter, :NumericalCorrelation, :NumericalDensity, :NumericalDifference, :NumericalFunction, :NumericalIncrease ; :wnsense "numeric1adj", "numeric2adj", "numeric3adj", "numerical1adj", "numerical2adj", "numerical3adj" ; :wordnet "numeric", "numerical" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Numerical'' is an attribute that pertains to ''Number''s per se, or concepts expressed using numbers, or calculations that use numbers. The number of numerical' things are too varied to comprehensively specify. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'numerical' in Wordnet: 1. (5) numeric, numerical - (measured or expressed in numbers; 'numerical value'; 'the numerical superiority of the enemy') 2. (1) numeral, numerical, numeric - (of or relating to or denoting numbers; 'a numeral adjective'; 'numerical analysis') 3. (1) numerical, numeric - (designated by or expressed in numbers; 'numerical symbols'; 'a very simple numeric code'; 'numerical equations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ideographic . :NumericalCharacter :en "numerical character" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NumericalCharacter'' is an AbstractCharacter that represents one of the numbers (usually arabic numerals) n some number system. ''NumericalCharacter'' representing a specific quantitity should have unique values as numbers. Thus the letters used in hexadecimal notation will be included, when they are used in a context that makes clear that their value is numerical rather than alphabetical.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractCharacter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Number ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :NumericalCompassDirection a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A NumericalCompassDirection is represented by some number of degrees, East or West of either CompassNorth or TrueNorth.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure, :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :NumericalCorrelation :wnsense "correlation3n", "correlational statistics1n" ; :wordnet "correlation", "correlational statistics" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Correlation'' between two numbers is a ''QuantitativeAttributeValue'' calculated from comparison of two or sets of values of variable measures, to express likely value of one parameter given the value of another, and gives the possible variance and reliability of that prediction. In itself it does not prove causality. The numerical portion of this attribute value is represented as the ''CorrelationCoefficient''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'correlation' in WordNet: 3. correlation, correlational statistics - (a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RatioQuantity, :StatisticalMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :CorrelationCoefficient ] . :NumericalDensity :takesValue :NumericalDensityMeasure ; :wnsense "density1n" ; :wordnet "density" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''NumericalDensity'' is a property of individual ''PhysicalObject''s that may be present in multiple numbers in some Place or area or volume of space. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Density . :NumericalDensityMeasure :wnsense "density1n" ; :wordnet "density" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NumericalDensityMeasure'' it is an OrderedPair consisting of a quantifier and an instance of NumericalDensityUnit. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DensityMeasure . :NumericalDensityUnit a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses ''NumericalDensity'', which is a ratio of the number of individuals and either a volume or an area. The subtyes differentiate these alternatives. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DensityUnit . :NumericalDifference :ldoce "difference" ; :wnsense "difference5n" ; :wordnet "difference" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NumericalDifference' is a Quantity (pure number or a MeasurableQuantity having units of measure) that is calculated as the difference of two or more commensurate quantities, by subtracting the first element from the second. The two commensurate quantities may be represented as the first and second elements of a 'QuantitativeDifference'. NOTE: the calculation will require an FOL function that is an instance of 'LogicalFunction' (e.g. a BinaryFunction') Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'difference' in WordNet: 5. remainder, difference - (the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend) WN For the subtype 'increase': 4. (3) increase, increment - (the amount by which something increases; 'they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quantity . :NumericalFunction a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A numericalFunction is a Function that can take a type or a PluralThing and return a PluralThing that has the number of members specified by the function, each member being an instance of that type. Thus the expressions '(two Legs)' or '(two Leg)' both have a value that is a PluralThing consisting of two elements, each of the type 'Leg'. This is a placeholder FOL function, not calculable using OWL logic. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LogicalFunction . :NumericalIncrease :ldoce "gain", "increase" ; :wnsense "gain1n", "increase1n", "increase4n" ; :wordnet "gain", "increase" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'NumericalIncrease' is a Quantity (pure number or a MeasurableQuantity having units of measure) that is calculated as the difference of two or more commensurate quantities at thebefinning and end of an 'IncreaseEvent'.. Includes noun senses a and 4 of 'increase' and sense 1 of 'gain' in WordNet: 1. (53) addition, increase, gain - (a quantity that is added; 'there was an addition to property taxes this year'; 'they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks') 4. (3) increase, increment - (the amount by which something increases; 'they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumericalDifference . :Numerous :wnsense "numerous1adj" ; :wordnet "numerous" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Numerous'' specifies anindefinite quantity that os larger the 'a few'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'numerous' in Wordnet: 1. (18) numerous - (amounting to a large indefinite number; 'numerous times'; 'the family was numerous') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardinalityValue . :Nun :guid "be01f398-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nun1n" ; :wordnet "nun" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A woman who has taken vows to obey the rules of some religious order; usually a member of a religious order. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'nun' in WordNet: 1. (3) nun - (a woman religious) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :ReligiousPerson, :Woman . :Nunnery :wnsense "nunnery1n" ; :wordnet "nunnery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """DIfferent from 'nunnery'? RHW: a building or group of buildings for nuns; convent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nunnery' in WordNet: 1. nunnery - (the convent of a community of nuns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convent-Residence . :NunsHabit :guid "be01f43f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "habit3n" ; :wordnet "habit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'habit' in Wordnet: 3. (1) habit - (a distinctive attire (as the costume of a religious order)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingOutfit, :ReligiousClothing, :WomensClothing . :Nurse :guid "bd5895de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "nurse" ; :practicesOccupation :Nursing ; :wnsense "nurse1n" ; :wordnet "nurse" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of health professionals who provide various aspects of hands-on health care to patients. Nurses do not usually diagnose or decide on treatments, but they administer medicines and treatments, perform medical tests, give regular care to hospitalized patients, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nurse' in WordNet: 1. (2) nurse - (one skilled in caring for young children or the sick (usually under the supervision of a physician)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, :Graduate, :NonPhysicianMedicalCareProfessional, :Prescriber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nursing ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Nursery :wnsense "nursery1n" ; :wordnet "nursery" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Bedroom intended primarily for a Baby or very young child, where the child sleeps. The greenhouse 'nursery' for plants is represented as ''Greenhouse''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nursery' in WordNet: 1. (2) nursery, baby's room - (a child's room for a baby) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bedroom . :Nurseryman :wnsense "gardener1n", "gardener2n", "nurseryman1n" ; :wordnet "gardener", "nurseryman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nurseryman'' is a professional (paid) ''Gardener'. The amateur is under the parent type ''Gardener'' See also ''Landscaper''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'nurseryman' (excluding unpaid gardeners) and sense 2 of 'gardener' in WordNet: 1. gardener, nurseryman - (someone who takes care of a garden) WN noun 'gardener': 2. gardener - (someone employed to work in a garden) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, :Gardener . :Nursing :guid "bd58cb6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheOccupationOfA :Nurse ; :wnsense "nursing2n" ; :wordnet "nursing" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The field and occupation of #$Nursing, encompassing all the skills and tasks that #$Nurses do at work. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'nursing' in Wordnet: 2. nursing - (the profession of a nurse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine-Occupation . :NursingAnInfant :en "breast-feed", "breast-feeding", "nursing" ; :enn "breast-feeding", "nursing" ; :env "breast-feed" ; :ldoce "nurse" ; :wnsense "breastfeed1v", "give suck1v", "lactate1v", "nurse5v", "suck5v", "suckle2v", "wet-nurse1v" ; :wordnet "breastfeed", "give suck", "lactate", "nurse", "suck", "suckle", "wet-nurse" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'NursingAnInfant' is a ''FeedingAnInfant'' Event or series of Events in which some lactating woman breast-feeds a ''HumanInfant''. It is usually, but not always, performed by the infant's mother or a wet nurse. This does not include bottle-feeding - for that, use ''BottleFeedingAnInfant''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 5 of 'nurse' (not including bottle-feeding) in Wordnet: 5. breastfeed, bottle-feed, suckle, suck, nurse, wet-nurse, lactate, give suck - (give suck to; 'The wetnurse suckled the infant'; 'You cannot nurse your baby in public in some places') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeedingAnInfant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woman ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanMothersMilk ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanMothersMilk ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teat ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breast ; owl:onProperty :requiredBodypart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :NursingEvent a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which someone provides Nursing care to another person. The provider is not necessarily a licensed RN, but this represents someone working in a professional capacity, for some compensation. Cyc gas 'Nursing' as an Occupation, but not as an Event - these two differ in COSMO; even so the Cyc comment indicates 'tasks'. Relation to Cyc is unclear. cyc (See 'Nursing'): The field and occupation of #$Nursing, encompassing all the skills and tasks that #$Nurses do at work.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HealthCareEvent, :ShowingSupportForSomething . :NursingaPerson :ldoce "nurse" ; :wnsense "nurse1v", "nurse3v" ; :wordnet "nurse" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'NursingaPerson' is an Event or series of Events in which some medical caregiver provides care to someone who is ill or injured. It is usually, but not always, performed by a 'Nurse'. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'nurse' in Wordnet: 1. (2) nurse - (try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness or injury; 'He nursed his cold with Chinese herbs') 3. nurse - (serve as a nurse; care for sick or handicapped people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareEvent . :Nurturing :en "nurturing" ; :wnsense "nurture1v" ; :wordnet "nurture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of Action, or repeated Actions, in which an agent assists some organism to grow and thrive. This will apply to cultivation of plants as well as bringing up children or non-human animals. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'cultivate' in WordNet. See subtype ''Nourishing'' 1. (3) cultivate - (foster the growth of) There is no exact sense of 'nurture' in WN; sense 1 seems closest; senses 2 and 3 are subtypes. in WordNet: 1. (1) foster, nurture - (help develop, help grow; 'nurture his talents') 2. rear, raise, bring up, nurture, parent - (bring up; 'raise a family'; 'bring up children') 3. nourish, nurture, sustain - (provide with nourishment; 'We sustained ourselves on bread and water'; 'This kind of food is not nourishing for young children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :HelpingSomethingDoSomething . :Nut-TheDevice :functionsTogetherWith :Screw-Connector ; :guid "bd58d4c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "nut" ; :wnsense "nut3n" ; :wordnet "nut" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fastener that is used together with a 'Screw-Connector' or bolt to hold objects together; this is for threaded nuts that mate with threaded screws or bolts. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'nut' in WordNet: 3. (1) nut - (a small (usually square or hexagonal) metal block with internal screw thread to be fitted onto a bolt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :NonPoweredDevice, :ThreadedDevice . :Nut-TheFruit :guid "bd58d50b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "nut" ; :wnsense "nut1n" ; :wordnet "nut" ; a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A dry hard dry fruit which has an edible kernel and a shell on the outside. This type includes the shell. a 'shelled' kernel would be a part. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nut' in WordNet: 1. (2) nut - (usually large hard-shelled seed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit, :Seed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shell ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfacePart ] . :NutShell :ldoce "shell" ; :wnsense "nutshell1n", "shell4n" ; :wordnet "nutshell", "shell" ; a :CoveringType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The outer shell of a nut. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutshell' and sense 4 of 'shell' in WordNet: 1. nutshell - (the shell around the kernel of a nut) WN noun 'shell': 4. shell - - (the hard usually fibrous outer layer of some fruits especially nuts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FibrousObject, :SeedHusk, :Shell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nut-TheFruit ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :NutTree :wnsense "nut tree1n" ; :wordnet "nut tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any tree producing edible nuts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nut tree' in Wordnet: 1. nut tree - (tree bearing edible nuts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :FruitPlant, :Tree . :Nutcase :wnsense "crackpot1n", "fruitcake1n", "nut case1n", "nut5n", "nutcase1n", "screwball1n" ; :wordnet "crackpot", "fruitcake", "nut", "nut case", "nutcase", "screwball" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Nutcase'' is any person who is more than mildly eccentric, up to being stark raving mad. This is a general category for anyone behaving so erratically as to be considered 'crazy' by someone trying to make an objective evaluation. Of course, 'crazy' has a wide range of intensity. This is the broadest category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutcase' and sense 5 of 'nut' in Wordnet: 1. crackpot, crank, nut, nut case, nutcase, fruitcake, screwball - (a whimsically eccentric person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConsideredCrazy ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Nutmeg :guid "c03650aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :NutmegTree ; :wnsense "nutmeg1n" ; :wordnet "nutmeg" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The spice'nutmeg' NOTE: WordNet calls this a 'seed' but this type includes the seed and any powder or preparation consisting mostly of the substance of the seed or its contents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutmeg' in WordNet: 2. nutmeg - (hard aromatic seed of the nutmeg tree used as spice when grated or ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spice . :NutmegTree :guid "bd58c8b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nutmeg tree1n", "nutmeg1n" ; :wordnet "nutmeg", "nutmeg tree" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutmeg tree' and sense 1 of 'nutmeg' in WordNet: 1. nutmeg, nutmeg tree, Myristica fragrans - (East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvergreenPlant, :FruitTree, :MagnoliaOrder . :Nutrient :guid "bd58d3c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nourishment1n", "nutrient1n" ; :wordnet "nourishment", "nutrient" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'Nutrient' in COSMO has a broader meaning than the traditional meanings, and includes, in addition to substances that can be metabolized to provide energy or biological structures, vitamins and minerals that assist the metabolic process but are not themselves metabolized. This is a subtype of ''FoodOrDrink'' for things that actually help the body to grow and metabolize - not just water or diet beverages. Cyc: A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each instance of #$Nutrient is a substance considered necessary or beneficial in the diet of a person or animal. If a food or a pill is sold in a package, often the nutrients in the food or pill are listed on the package label. Specializations of #$Nutrient include #$EdibleSodium, #$ProteinStuff, #$EdibleCalcium, #$EdibleIron, and #$Vitamin. SUMO: A BiologicallyActiveSubstance required by an Organism. It is generally ingested as Food, and it is of primary interest because of its role in the biologic functioning of the Organism. Includes but is broader than sense 1 of 'nutrient', and includes oart of sense 1 of 'nourishment' in WordNet: 1. (1) food, nutrient - (any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue) WN noun 'nourishment': 1. (1) nutriment, nourishment, nutrition, sustenance, aliment, alimentation, victuals - (a source of materials to nourish the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance, :FoodOrDrink, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nutritious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nutrition ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Nutrition :wnsense "nutrition1n" ; :wordnet "nutrition" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nutrition'' is the Grop of ''PhysiologicalProcess''es that are required to assimilate and use the energy and nutrient content of food intake sufficient to maintain health and avoid starvation or disease from inadequate nutrition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutrition' in WordNet: 1. nutrition - ((physiology) the organic process of nourishing or being nourished; the processes by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nutrient ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :NutritionScience :en "nutrition science" ; :wnsense "nutrition3n" ; :wordnet "nutrition" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'nutrition' in WordNet: 3. nutrition - (the scientific study of food and drink (especially in humans)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nutritionist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Nutritional :pertainsTo :Nutrient, :Nutrition, :NutritionScience ; :wnsense "nutritional1adj", "nutritionary1adj" ; :wordnet "nutritional", "nutritionary" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Nutritional'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Food with value in helping an organism grow and metabolize and act for survival. Commonly used in theterm 'nutritional value' to refer to thedegree to which the subject assists ''Nutrition'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nutritional' in Wordnet: 1. (1) nutritional, nutritionary - (of or relating to or providing nutrition; 'nutritional information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Nutritionist :wnsense "dietician1n", "dietitian1n", "nutritionist1n" ; :wordnet "dietician", "dietitian", "nutritionist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Nutritionist'' is a Person who knws a lot about 'nutrition' and can give advice about what foods to eat under what circumstances.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nutritionist' in WordNet: 1. dietician, dietitian, nutritionist - (a specialist in the study of nutrition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Specialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NutritionScience ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Nutritious :isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf :FoodOrDrink ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :ConsumingFoodOrDrink ; :wnsense "alimental1adj", "alimentary1adj", "nourishing1adj", "nutrient1adj", "nutritious1adj", "nutritive1adj" ; :wordnet "alimental", "alimentary", "nourishing", "nutrient", "nutritious", "nutritive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue ''Nutritious'' asserts that the subject thus characterized consists mostly of some ''FoodOrDrink'', which may be solid or liquid; i.e. this is something that can be ingested (eaten or drunk), and will not harm the body, and will provide some nutritional value or at least help maintain hydration (as for pure water). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nutritious' in WordNet: 1. alimentary, alimental, nourishing, nutrient, nutritious, nutritive - (of or providing nourishment; 'good nourishing stew') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salubrious, :SubstanceAttributeValue . :Nylon :guid "bd58b7d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "nylon" ; :wnsense "nylon1n" ; :wordnet "nylon" ; a :PlasticType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WordNet sense 1: in WordNet: 1. nylon - (a thermoplastic polyamide; a family of strong resilient synthetic fibers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plastic, :SolidSubstance . :NylonStocking :guid "bd5890bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stocking1n" ; :wordnet "stocking" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not #$Pantyhose. Stockings made of nylon worn by adult females. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stocking' in WordNet: 1. (4) stocking - (close-fitting hosiery to cover the foot and leg; come in matched pairs (usually used in the plural)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stocking, :WomensHosiery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nylon ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Oaf :wnsense "clod2n", "clumsy person1n", "goon1n", "oaf1n" ; :wordnet "clod", "clumsy person", "goon", "oaf" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Oaf'' is a Person whose is both ''Clumsy'' and ''Stupid'', i.e. a ''Stupid'' ''ClumsyPerson''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oaf' in Wordnet: 1. lout, clod, stumblebum, goon, oaf, lubber, lummox, lump, gawk - (an awkward stupid person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClumsyPerson, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stupid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Oak :wnsense "oak1n" ; :wordnet "oak" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance Oak,a type of ''Hardwood'', not a tree. For the tree, use ''OakTree''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oak' in Wordnet: 1. (3) oak - (the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hardwood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OakTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :OakTree :guid "bd58c1df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oak tree1n", "oak2n" ; :wordnet "oak", "oak tree" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of oak trees. An oak has alternate, simple, deciduous or evergreen leaves. The male flowers are borne in pendent yellow catkins, appearing with or after the leaves. The female flowers each has a husk of overlapping scales that enlarges to hold the fruit, or acorn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oak tree' and sense 2 of 'oak' in WordNet: 1. oak, oak tree - (a deciduous tree of the genus Quercus; has acorns and lobed leaves; 'great oaks grow from little acorns') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeciduousTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oak ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Oar :guid "bd589d5b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oar1n" ; :wordnet "oar" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The large paddle used to push a boat or raft through the water by hand. An oar has a blade at exactly one end of the pole. In CYC, 'Paddle' is the parent of ''Oar''; In COSMO the parent-subtype is the reverse of the CYC formalism. SUMO: A Device consisting of a flat, broad surface attached to a handle that is used as an instrument in Rowing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oar ' in Wordnet: 1. oar - (an implement used to propel or steer a boat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :HandTool, :LongAndThinThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OarBlade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PushingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rowing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :OarBlade :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade8n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OarBlade'' is the broad flat end of an ''Oar'' that is dipped into the water and is pushed against the water to propel a boat. Corresponds to a subtype of sense 7 of 'blade' in RHW: a thin, flat part of something, as of an oar or a bone: shoulder blade Is a subtype of noun sense 9 of 'blade' in WordNet, but it doesn't rotate: in WordNet: 8. blade, vane - (flat surface that rotates and pushes against air or water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToolBlade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oar ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Oarlock :wnsense "oarlock1n" ; :wordnet "oarlock" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Oarlock'' is a ''Holder'' that is part of a Boat with Oars and hold an Oar in place to provide leverage for rowing. Some Oarlocks have pins to keep the Oar from slipping through the Oarlock, but some do not (which makes Rowing more difficult). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oarlock' in WordNet: 1. peg, pin, thole, tholepin, rowlock, oarlock - (a holder attached to the gunwale of a boat that holds the oar in place and acts as a fulcrum for rowing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fulcrum, :Holder, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rowboat ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rowing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oar ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ] . :Oasis :guid "c0f29acf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oasis1n" ; :wordnet "oasis" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Oasis'' is a ''Tract' of land that is fertile with multiple plants growing on it, located in a much larger Tract that is a Desert. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oasis' in WordNet: 1. oasis - (a fertile tract in a desert (where the water table approaches the surface)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalArea, :Tract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:minCardinality "100"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rich-Fertile ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desert ; owl:onProperty :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy ] . :OatPlant :en "oats" ; :guid "bd58f628-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oat1n" ; :wordnet "oat" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Individual oat plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oat' in WordNet: 1. (1) oat - (annual grass of Europe and North Africa; grains used as food and fodder (referred to primarily in the plural: 'oats')) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealPlant, :HerbPlant . :Oath :wnsense "oath2n", "oath3n" ; :wordnet "oath" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The text of a solemn commitment, either about the truth of some statement, or about a promise to do something. 'I swear it's true' or 'I swear to tell the truth'. This is not the action of taking an oath, but a Linguistic String whose content is an oath. Corresponds approximately to noun senses 2 and 3 of 'oath' in WordNet: 2. (2) oath, swearing - (a commitment to tell the truth (especially in a court of law); to lie under oath is to become subject to prosecution for perjury) 3. oath - (a solemn promise, usually invoking a divine witness, regarding your future acts or behavior; 'they took an oath of allegiance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consequential ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Somber ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Oatmeal :en "oats" ; :guid "c1009587-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oatmeal2n" ; :wordnet "oatmeal" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The processed (e.g., rolled or cut) but uncooked grain of the oat, from which is made hot cereal, cookies, oatcakes, haggis, etc. A food ingredient. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'oatmeal' in WordNet: 2. oatmeal, rolled oats - (meal made from rolled or ground oats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealFood, :CoarseMeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OatPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :ObRiver :guid "bd58c839-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the great rivers of Siberia" . :Obedience :ldoce "obedience" ; :wnsense "obedience1n", "obey1v" ; :wordnet "obedience", "obey" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Obedience' is instance of a Compliance in which an agent (human or non-human animal) performs an Action that is required or demanded by a human agent. Obeying a law is an act of 'Compliance', as is an animal performing some trick it was trained to do. This is not merely fulfilling a request - the demand must be one that carries some threat of punishment (or withholding of reward) for lack of compliance , and is one that the agent doing the act may not have done without the demand being macausede. This sense 1 of 'obedience' and sense 1 of verb 'obey' in WordNet: WN 'obedience' 1. (3) obedience, obeisance - (the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person) WN 'obey': 1. (17) obey - (be obedient to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compliance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Insisting ] . :Obedient :isTheAttributeOfAnAgentEngagedIn :Obedience ; :isTheOppositeOf :Disobedient ; :ldoce "obedient" ; :wnsense "obedient1adj" ; :wordnet "obedient" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Obedient' is an attribute of a person who either in one instance or habitually obeys the demands of another person; the attribute of a person who performs an act of 'Obedience'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obedient' in WordNet: 1. (3) obedient - (dutifully complying with the commands or instructions of those in authority; 'an obedient soldier'; 'obedient children'; 'a little man obedient to his wife'; 'the obedient colonies...are heavily taxed; the refractory remain unburdened'- Edmund Burke) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonTraitValue . :Obelisk :guid "bf4aba98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "obelisk1n" ; :wordnet "obelisk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Obelisks, each being a tall and thin, pointed, fixed free-standing monumental structure, square or triangular in cross section, and tapering with height, surmounted by a more-tapering point. Originally an Egyptian monumental design. Many Egyptian #$Obelisks are made of single pieces of stone and are carved with hieroglyphics. A different kind occurs in Axum in Ethiopia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obelisk' in WordNet: 1. (1) obelisk - (a stone pillar having a rectangular cross section tapering towards a pyramidal top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EgyptianArchitecturalStyle, :Monument, :PointyEndedObject, :RigidColumn, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :Obese :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Obesity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Lean ; :wnsense "corpulent1adj", "obese1adj", "rotund3adj", "weighty5adj" ; :wordnet "corpulent", "obese", "rotund", "weighty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Obese' is an AttributeValue that specifies that an animal (including people) has a conspicuously above average amount of fatty tissue, causing a very noticeably larger girth around the middle, and often also excess flesh elsewhere on the body. For people, this signifies even more weight than merely being 'Fat', which may be less conspicuous. It also predisposes to medical difficulties. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obese' and sense 1 of 'corpulent' in WordNet 1. corpulent, obese, weighty, rotund - (excessively fat; 'a weighty man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fat . :Obesity :wnsense "corpulency1n", "fleshiness1n", "obesity1n" ; :wordnet "corpulency", "fleshiness", "obesity" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Obesity'' is the ''BodyProperty'' of the ''Body'' of an ''Animal' that has a 'Fatness'' that is substantially higher than the recommended body weight. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obesity' in WordNet: 1. fleshiness, obesity, corpulency - (more than average fatness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fatness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excessive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obese ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Obfuscating :eng "obfuscating" ; :wnsense "mystification3n", "obfuscate1v", "obfuscation2n" ; :wordnet "mystification", "obfuscate", "obfuscation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Obfuscating'' is a ''Modification' of the Assertions about some ''Issue'' or Proposition so that the interpretation or significance of the Thing that is the topic of the Issue becomes less 'clear', i.e. more uncertain. This can apply to various Events that complicate or confuse ''Issue''s (things that need discussion or decision). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'obfuscate' in WordNet: 1. obfuscate - (make obscure or unclear) WN noun 'obfuscation': 2. mystification, obfuscation - (the activity of obscuring people's understanding, leaving them baffled or bewildered) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Issue ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOfUncertainty ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interpretation ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :Obituary :guid "c1448619-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "necrology1n", "obit1n", "obituary1n" ; :wordnet "necrology", "obit", "obituary" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$InformationBearingObjects whose contents include public notices of the deaths of their subjects. An #$Obituary typically is accompanied by a biographical sketch of the person who has died. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obituary' in WordNet: 1. obituary, obit, necrology - (a notice of someone's death; usually includes a short biography) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Announcement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BiographicalSketch ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeathOfaPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Object :BFO "IndependentContinuant" ; :ldoce "object" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Objects can be Physical or Abstract or Mental only PhysicalObjects have mass, and that is the defining characteristic of a PhysicalObject in COSMO. All Objects have at least one relation other than the type (isa) relation to some other entity that is not an Object. Almost all objects have an Attribute or AttributeValue. But the relation may be some other relation (e.g. to have a location, a composition, or to have proper parts). Thus a point can have Dimensionality (zero-dimensional), and will have a location, though the location may be in a poorly defined abstract space. For example, a character in an alphabet is an abstract object, which has at least one representation as a shaped physical object, and is an element of an Alphabet. This requirement for an Object to have some relation is not presently (v0.48) formalized in COSMO, as it is not needed for performance, only to clarify the meaning for the human users. 'Object' is a very primitive concept that cannot be defined, but can be comprehended only by the way this concept interacts with other concepts, and by its subclasses and instances. This Type is useful as an umbrella Type for various purposes,including relations on Events. NOTE that in COSMO an 'Object' is not necessarily 3D (as in an endurantist perspective) nor 4D (as in a perdurantist perspective. It can be use in syntactic constructions that appear to be 3D (such as when they are explicitly time-indexed), but when an object is also an instance of TimeSlice,it can be used in syntactic constructions that are typical of the 4D perspective, in which the time of a relation is not explicitly indexed. There is no WordNet synset that includes abstract objects, so the WordNet 'object' is identified only with 'PhysicalObject'. Subtype of BFO: 'Continuant' BFO: 'IndependentContinuant': Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is a bearer of quality [snap:Quality] and realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. BFO: Examples: an organism, a heart, a leg, a person, a symphony orchestra, a chair, the bottom right portion of a human torso, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Continuant, :ObjectOrEvent . :Object-SupportingFurniture :guid "be00ae11-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of furniture that is designed to support something. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :Object3D a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object3D is an Object *not* extended in time, making it only three-dimensional. In COSMO assertions on what are instances of Object3D in a purely endurantist ontology are equivalent to assertions on the dimension-neutral 'Object'. See 'Object' and 'PhysicalObject' for further discussion. The type Object4D is disjoint from the type Object3D. An Object4D can have a TimeSlice, but an Object3D cannot. The preferred representation of PhysicalObjects uses the type PhysicalObject and its subtypes, which are subtypes of the more general Object, not of Object3D, Object4D and Object3D are included only to enable representation of explicitly perdurantist or endurantist ontologies.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object ; owl:disjointWith :Object4D . :Object4D a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object4D is an Object extended in time, making it effectively four-dimensional. This is the object that is used to represent physical objects in a Perdurantist ontology. See 'Object' and 'PhysicalObject' for further discussion. the type Object4D is disjoint from the type Object3D. An Object4D can have a TimeSlice, but an Object3D cannot. The preferred representation of PhysicalObjects uses the type PhysicalObject and its subtypes, which are subtypes of the more general Object, Object4D and Object3D are included only to enable representation of explicitly perdurantist or endurantist ontologies. This type can be related to an ''Object'' by using the relation ''hadMainParticipant'' pointing to an Object (which does not have to be explicitly an Object3D). The inverse relation ''wasTheMainParticipantIn'' can point from the Object to its 4D avatar. The relation \"isaTimeSliceOf\" can relate a TimeSlice to any instance of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object ; owl:disjointWith :Object3D . :ObjectCardinalityValue a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ObjectCardinalityValue' is an AttributeValue that specifies the type and number of parts that a PhysicalObject or PhysicalObjectType has. This AttributeValue is used with the relation 'hasObjectCardinality' to specify the number of parts of a particular type that an Object has. Each value is an instance of 'TwoArgumentValue', an AttributeValue that takes the place of two arguments in an inherently ternary relation. The two arguments are the part type, specified by 'hasObjectType' and the number of those parts, specified by 'hasQuantifier'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoArgumentValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :RealNumber ] . :ObjectCondition :ldoce "condition" ; :wnsense "condition1n", "status2n" ; :wordnet "condition", "status" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For conditions of PhysicalObjects other than those specific to Organisms. NOTE: need to specify that this does not apply to ''Organisms''. How? ''Inanimate''. But 'natural' world includes animate things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'condition' in WordNet: 1. (455) condition, status - (a state at a particular time; 'a condition (or state) of disrepair'; 'the current status of the arms negotiations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :PhysicalSituation, :SystemCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Eacj 'ObjectConsistingOfSubstance' is a PhysicalObject that is characterized, among other things, by the substance of which it consists.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :ObjectDestructionEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ObjectDestructionEvent'' is an Event in which some object of significant size - from a piece of tableware (e.g. accidentally or in a fit of rage) to a large building - is destroyed, whether intentionally or not. This type of destruction may occur as minor vandalism, up to to destruction of structures by acts of war or terrorism or natural disaster such as an earthquake or tornado.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalDestructionEvent . :ObjectFeature :wnsense "feature1n" ; :wordnet "feature" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ObjectFeature'' is an Object or Region within the ConvexHull of an Object. The Object may be abstract. 'features' that are attributes are represented by ''Characteristic''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'feature' (regarding Objects) in Wordnet: 1. (42) feature, characteristic - (a prominent aspect of something; 'the map showed roads and other features'; 'generosity is one of his best characteristics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feature, :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :overlapsOrTouches ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :ObjectGroup :BFO "ObjectAggregate" ; :en "group of objects" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting exclusively of ''PhysicalObject''s. One may consider the collection of disjoint parts of a physical object as a Group, but in doing so one must **ignore the relations** among the objects, so the ObjectGroup consisting of the parts of a connected PhysicalObject is not identical to the whole object itself, which has relations among the parts as an indispensable part of the identity of the Object.. NOTE that one may assert that an ObjectGroup as a whole is a subtype of the owl:Class to which each of the objects belongs, or, using the 'hasComponentElement' relation, can specify a specific type for the component Objects of the ''ObjectGroup'' by specifying ''allValuesFrom'' that owl:Class, or for small Groups may just include the specific objects in the Group as a union with the ''someValuesFrom'' relation.. BFO NOTE: BFO has the notion of an 'ObjectAggregate' which is similar to an ''ObjectGroup''; but in BFO the requirements are more stringent than for COSMO 'ObjectGroup', in that BFO distinguishes a 'self-connected object' from an 'ObjectAggregate', whereas in COSMO an ''ObjectGroup'' can be self-connected and merely represented as a Group for purposes such as distinguishing parts. Nevertheless, this type is closest to the BFO 'ObjectAggregate' and is labeled with that BFO term. The BFO 'object' is approximately the same as COSMO ''\"WholeObject'', which is intended to represent a self-connected Object, but is rarely used; in COSMO a ''RigidObject'' is one form of 'self-connected object', but an object can be 'self-connected' even when not rigid. Since BFO 'Object' is disjoint from 'fiat object part' and from ObjectAggregate, we might want to make an 'ObjectAggregate' as a subtype of ''ObjectGroup'' that includes some spacing between the component Objects. @ToDo: when needed?? In SUMO, this is called a 'Collection'. NO identical Cyc class seems to be defined. SUMO: Collections have members like Classes, but, unlike Classes, they have a position in space-time and members can be added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the Collection. Some examples are toolkits, football teams, and flocks of sheep. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousGroup, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObjectType ; owl:onProperty :partsHaveTypeInCommon ] . :ObjectInUse a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ObjectInUse is the class of single-user devices (PhysicalObjects of the class 'Device-SingleUser') that are (at the time of reference) being used by one agent and therefore cannot be used by any other agent until the first agent relinquishes possession. Use of instances of this type will require propositions that specify the time interval during which the entailed 'InUse' attribute is valid. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InUse ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ObjectOfaSentence :guid "c0fe02b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A word or phrase that serves as the object of a particular sentence. This is a grammatical Role..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CaseRole, :NounPhrase . :ObjectOfanAction a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ObjectOfanAction' is categorized by having been a participant in some Action, by being 'acted on' in some way, which may or may not change the thing 'acted on'; this is not necessarily an Object, it can be of any type. (but to use the 'isaParticipantIn' Regions need to be excluded). Most objects in Actions will not need to be categorized in this way, but some such as 'FoundThing' are hard to classify otherwise. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ] . :ObjectOrEvent a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual . :ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An umbrella category to collect AttributeValues that pertain to Objects or Substances.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ObjectPart :en "proper part of an object" ; :ldoce "part" ; :wnsense "part1n", "portion1n" ; :wordnet "part", "portion" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ObjectPart'' is a 'proper part' of some Object, abstract or physical. Using this sense implies that there are other parts to which any assertions do not necessarily apply. This 'part' can be any arbitrary part, distinguished from other parts by any criterion. This sense is a 'proper part' of some Object, whether abstract or physical. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'part' in WordNet: 1. (733) part, portion, component part, component - (something determined in relation to something that includes it; 'he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself'; 'I read a portion of the manuscript'; 'the smaller component is hard to reach') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :ObjectTrio a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ObjectTrio'' is a ''Trio'' each element of which is an PhysicalObject. The ObjectTrio itself also qualifies as an Object..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :Trio, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ObjectType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for objects, whether abstract or physical, and an argument restriction for various relations on Object types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :ObjectWithAttribute a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ObjectWithAttribute is a container category to collect all Types of Objects (mostly PhysicalObjects) that are defined by some distinctive attribute, such as 'Collectible' (taken from the openCyc). See also 'ThingWithAttribute'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :ThingWithAttribute ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:PhysicalObject [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValueType ] ) ] . :Objecting :en "objecting" ; :guid "bd58d4e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "object" ; :wnsense "object1v", "object2v", "objection1n", "objection2n" ; :wordnet "object", "objection" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CommunicationAct-Single. In each instance of #$Objecting-CommunicationAct, some #$Agent-Generic objects to something. An objection may be communicated to the agent(s) that the objector believes responsible for the objectionable state of affairs, or it may be raised with a third party or parties. For the sense of 'objecting' that represents the Feeling of diapproval, use 'Disapproval'; for mere expression of Disapproval that is not an Objection, use the parent of this type 'ExpressingDisapproval'. Includes verb sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'object', and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'objection' in WordNet; NOTE that sense 2 appears to incvlude 'dislike' as well as the verbal expression of disapproval represented by sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (19) object - (express or raise an objection or protest or criticism or express dissent; 'She never objected to the amount of work her boss charged her with'; 'When asked to drive the truck, she objected that she did not have a driver's license') 2. object - (be averse to or express disapproval of; 'My wife objects to modern furniture') WN noun 'objection': 1. (10) expostulation, remonstrance, remonstration, objection - (the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest) 2. (3) objection - (the speech act of objecting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingDisapproval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Objection ] . :Objection :en "objection" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: An Objection is a LinguisticAssertion (a subtype of AbstractString), which is the product of a Communication from one Agent to another in which the topic is the disagreement or dissatisfaction of the first agent with something. There appears to be no Wordnet synset representing this abstract Object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Objecting ] . :Objective :isTheOppositeOf :Subjective ; :wnsense "nonsubjective1adj", "objective1adj" ; :wordnet "nonsubjective", "objective" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Objective'' is an EvaluativeAttribute for a MentalObject particularly Opinons or Beliefs or Comclusions, that the judgment of an IntelligentAgent regarding that entity is based on criteria that do not depend on ''Subjective'' influences such as emotion or bias, but instead on reproducible observable facts. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'objective' in WordNet: 1. (9) objective, nonsubjective - (undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena; 'an objective appraisal'; 'objective evidence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :ObjectiveCriteria :en "standard procedure", "standardized procedure" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ObjectiveCriteria'' is a Group of ''StandardProcedure''s that are provably 'objective in not depending on 'subjective' judgments. ''ObjectiveCriteria'' are ''StandardProcedure'' that are accepted by some community of practitioneers in some field as being the most reliable criteria and methods to use to established the truth in that field. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :StandardSpec, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :StandardProcedure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighlyRespected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Objective ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Objectivity :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Discreet ; :wnsense "objectiveness1n", "objectivity1n" ; :wordnet "objectiveness", "objectivity" ; a :CapabilityType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Objectivity'' is a type of 'GoodJudgment' in consciously avoiding subjectivity and bias when making responsible decisions, though not when engaged in recreation or relaxation. This uses ''Analytical'' rather than intuitive thinking in making decisions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'objectivity' in WordNet: 1. (2) objectivity, objectiveness - (judgment based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodJudgment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Objective ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Subjectivity ; owl:onProperty :contrastsWith ] . :Obligated :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving :Obligation ; :wnsense "duty-bound1adj", "obligated1adj", "obliged1adj" ; :wordnet "duty-bound", "obligated", "obliged" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Obligated'' is the attribute of a Person who has an ''Obligation''; the nature of the ''Obligation'' can be specified by creating an instance of ''Obligation''and using the ''isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving'' link. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obliged' in WordNet: 1. duty-bound, obliged - (under a moral obligation to do something) WN adj'obligated': 1. (2) obligated - (caused by law or conscience to follow a certain course; 'felt obligated to repay the kindness'; 'was obligated to pay off the student loan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Obligation :FIBO "duty" ; :en "is an duty to", "is an obligation to" ; :guid "bd58bfd0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "duty", "must", "ought" ; :wnsense "duty2n", "obligation1n", "obligation2n", "obligation3n" ; :wordnet "duty", "obligation" ; a :GroupType, :LimitationType, :ObligationType, :PropositionType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MentalObject that refers to some NecessaryFutureSituation that the Agent having the Obligation may cause to happen or may refrain from doing; if the Agent does not perform an Action to cause the FutureSituation to occur, then some negative consequence is likely to be incurred for failure to perform the Obligation. The type of negative consequence (legal punishment, social condemnation, eternal damnation, pangs of conscience, being grounded by one's parents) will be characteristic of different types of Obligation. @ToDo: As of rev987, formal specification of this negative consequence is reflected only by 'failureHasConsequence'restriction, but no direct relation to 'Punishing' is specified. See also discussion below on Cyc #$necessaryForAvoidance and #$sufficientForAvoidance. ##See also discussion including comments from Doug Foxvog under ''Ordering''. NOTE that an 'Obligation' is represented as a subtype of, among other things, 'LinearlyOrderedGroup', and the various aspects of an Obligation related by relations 'wasAssignedByAuthority' or 'failureHasConsequence' could be represented as elements of that 'LinearlyOrderedGroup', with the relations being subproperties of 'hasFirstElement', 'hasSecondElement', etc. This representation would emphasize the primitive components of the conceptual structure. But as of rev1003 relating an 'Obligation' more specifically to its Group nature has not been done. This sense of 'Obligation' (synonym: Duty) is expressed by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: > The primary rights and duties with which jurisprudence busies itself > again are nothing but prophecies... a legal duty so called is nothing > but a prediction that if a man does or omits certain things he will be > made to suffer in this or that way by judgment of the court. NOTE: See 'Punishing' for an Action that might be due to a violation of a Rule. Each Obligation is assigned by some Authority, which could be a person's own conscience (reflecting learned social mores), or the mores of the community. In the case of a Debt, the Authority may be the person owing the debt and the person to whom the debt is owed, if the debt arises from some agreement or transaction. The NecessaryFutureSituation has the AttributeValue of 'Necessary', meaning that it is required to happen in order for the agent to fulfill the Obligation. An Obligation may be created in an ObligationCreatingEvent (which see). NOTE that an Obligation usually (but not always) 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation' with object 'FeelingOfCompulsion'; someone with an Obligation usually has some degree of mental pressure to perform the obligatory action or inaction. The existence of negative consequences for failure to perform an Obligation distinguishes it from the more general 'RulesForConduct' which prescribe how some action should be performed, but do not necessarily impose penalties for failure to conform. The notion of an 'Obligation' is also represented in COSMO by the relation 'hasObligation' - that relation can be used to express linguistic phrases such as 'he must ...'; 'he ought to ...' 'You have an obligation to ...'. That relation takes 'Obligation' as its range. The notion of 'Obligation' is too primitive to be easily described by simple relations. In essense, an 'obligation' is a relation of an Agent to an Event that is derived from a belief about what kind of behavior is best in a situation. The exact formalization of this notion is still incomplete as of 0.49. See also 'ResponsibilitySituation' for a closely related concept. Linguistically an Obligation is expressed in several ways: 'Tom has an obligation to do X' 'Tom is obliged to do X' 'Tom has a duty to do X' 'Doing X is Tom's (obligation/duty).' 'Tom ought to do X' 'Tom must do X' 'Tom should do X' 'Tom is responsible for doing X' Similar phrases may be used to express an action that is not an Obligation, but is a prerequisite for some desired situation: 'In order to get into college, Tom must get good grades.' The linguistic analyzer must recognize the discourse relations that distinguish obligations from prerequisites. The type 'Obligation' in COSMO represents only true Obligations. Each instance of Obligation will represent an Action that the agent with the Obligation is obliged to perform or refrain from. When expressed linguistically, that action will be prefaced by the word 'to', e.g. 'to drive no faster than 60 miles per hour'. Cyc: A collection of microtheories; a subcollection of #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory. Each instance of the collection #$Obligation is a microtheory which contains assertions describing what some agent (the #$obligatedAgents) is obliged to do, or make true, for one or more other agents, possibly including society in general. An obligation is the most general case of some agent owing something to another. Obligations may be undertaken in conjunction with various kinds of #$Agreements. Unlike an agreement, however, an obligation need not have a second known party (though some do). An obligation can exist and be understood without identifying another particular agent as the 'holder' of the obligation - and that may be true, even if the beneficiary (#$obligationOwedTo) can be identified. For example, assuming that parents have an obligation to care for their children, it is not clear with whom a parent has 'agreed' to take care of his or her child. Some common ways to incur an obligation are through social transactions (e.g. family duties, friendship, favors) or through financial transactions (e.g. a #$PaymentObligation). In addition, obligations may be imposed on those who are subject to one or more instances of #$CodeOfConduct, e.g. #$SportsRulesOf-BoxingSportsEvent or #$OfficeCodeOfConductMt. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * NOTE: that every Obligation entails that there will be some negative consequence of the Obligation is not fulfilled. At rev987, added restriction 'failureHasConsequence' to express the link to such negative consequences. In Cyc, such links are apparently handled at the superclass level: (from a discussion on Ontolog Forum, May 1-5 2012): On Wed, May 2, 2012 16:26, Patrick Cassidy wrote: > Doug - > The Cyc representation of 'Order' (command) as you present it makes > sense, particularly regarding the point that an Order creates an > Obligation only if the Ordering agent has authority to create an > Obligation. > But I am curious about one facet of 'Obligation' - > As I have interpreted it, nothing is an 'obligation' unless there > is some negative consequence for not fulfilling the obligation - which > also implies some Authority that can create the Obligation and enforce > it. But I don't see any negative consequences in the list of aspects > of Obligation that you list. Are there any in the Cyc representation? [Doug Foxvog] Such consequences are defined at the level or the superclass, NormativeSpecification. A specification defines what happens in what cases. The binary predicates #$necessaryForAvoidance and #$sufficientForAvoidance specify what one types of event are necessary in order that an event of a second type will not occur. These predicates are used to specify punishments for crimes, and would be used to specify negative consequences for violating obligations in general. They basically state that (in the context in which they are stated) that it is necessary (sufficient) for agents to follow one specification (e.g., a command) in order that another specification (e.g., a punishment) not be instantiated. - doug foxvog * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Cyc NOTE: 'necessaryForAvoidance' is not in the OpenCyc ontology Has some similarity to FIBO 'duty': fibo-fnd-law-lcap;Duty subClassOf fibo-fnd-law-lcap;LegalConstruct skos:definition: Some obligation which exists and is imposed on some individual. skos-editorialNote: This can also be thought of as an obligation - not in the sense in which an obligation and a right are the converse aspects of one another, but in and of itself, independent of the perspective from which it is considered. Examples include statutory obligations, reporting obligations and so on. Corresponds to senses 2 and 3 and part of sense 1 of 'obligation' and sense 2 of 'duty' in WordNet. NOTE that sense 2 is a state, and linguistically would be expressed by a phrase like 'under an obligation', rather than the word 'obligation' itself. Sense 3 should be a subtype,but is not yet represented. in WordNet: 1. (14) duty, responsibility, obligation - (the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; 'we must instill a sense of duty in our children'; 'every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty'- John D.Rockefeller Jr) 2. obligation - (the state of being obligated to do or pay something; 'he is under an obligation to finish the job') 3. obligation, indebtedness - (a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor) @mod1447 presenceCauses (change) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :MentalObject, :NeedMicrotheory, :Responsibility, :RulesForConduct, :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAssignedByAuthority ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :NecessaryFutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FeelingOfCompulsion ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnObligationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :obligesActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObligedAction :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :failureHasConsequence ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationProcessEventOrState :Liability :EventType ) ] ] . :ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement is a subtype of 'obligation' created by an Agreement. This 'obligation' can be very weak, with minimal consequences for failure to perform - perhaps no more than a small reduction in another person's view of one's reliability if one fails, e.g. to show up for an appointment on time NOTE that a Group of AgreeingAgents that create an Agreement may have some enforceable influence that can be the 'Authority' for the Obligations arising from that Agreement. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obligation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AgreeingEvent ] . :ObligationCreatingEvent :guid "91244eba-93d8-41d8-80a2-cec5a700fb0c" ; :wnsense "compel1v", "compel2v", "obligate1v", "oblige1v", "require3v" ; :wordnet "compel", "obligate", "oblige", "require" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that an ''ObligationCreatingEvent'' need not be creating a rule by an ''Authority'' - that is the subtype ''MakingaRue''. this can be for example, having a child which obiges one to care for the child, or causing damage which obliges one to compensate for the damage.. CYC: A specialization of #$SocialOccurrence and #$CreationEvent. Each instance of #$ObligationCreatingEvent is an event in which some #$Obligation is created. After an #$ObligationCreatingEvent, some #$SocialBeing has an #$Obligation that he didn't have before. Two notable specializations are #$MakingAnAgreement and #$MakingAPromise. COSMO note: An ObligationCreatingEvent produces and Oblgation. We specify that it may produce an Obligation or an Agreement, because each Agreement contains within it an Obligation (or two); but that can't be specified in OWL directly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oblige' in WordNet: 1. (14) compel, oblige, obligate - (force or compel somebody to do something; 'We compel all students to fill out this form') WN verb 'compel' 1. (21) compel, oblige, obligate - (force or compel somebody to do something; 'We compel all students to fill out this form') 2. (5) command, require, compel - (make someone do something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObligationType :Obligation ) ] ] . :ObligationGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of 'Obligation's, used mostly to represent the details of a BindingAgreement or Contract, but may also represent the duties of a position, as in a 'job description'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Obligation ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ObligationToAdhereToTerms a :ObligationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ObligationToAdhereToTerms'' is an Obligation produced by an ''Agreement''. This is not necessarily a legally binding agreement, it includes informal agreements where the obligation is just 'to keep a promise' with potentially no negative consequences for failure to perform as promised. An example is ''MakingAnAppointment''. No single word for weak obligation?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obligation, :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Agreement ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ] . :ObligationToPayaFee :en "obligation to pay", "obligation to pay a fee" ; a :MentalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ObligationToPayaFee'' is an Obligation that is in effect a ''MonetaryDebt'', incurred by acceoting something for which a ''Fee'' (including a Tax) is charged.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonetaryDebt, :ObligationArisingFromAnAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingaFee ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingaFee ; owl:onProperty :obligesActionType ] . :ObligationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AwardType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of 'Obligation' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :Obligatory :isAnAttributeValueOf :ObligedAction ; :wnsense "obligatory1adj", "obligatory2adj" ; :wordnet "obligatory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Obliged'' is the attribute of an ''ObligedAction'', an Action that is or would be the execution (fulfillment) of an ''Obligation'', made ''Necessary'' to fulfill the Obligation.. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'obligatory' in Wordnet: 1. obligatory - (morally or legally constraining or binding; 'attendance is obligatory'; 'an obligatory contribution') 2. obligatory - (required by obligation or compulsion or convention; 'he made all the obligatory apologies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Necessary . :Obliged :isAnAttributeValueOf :LegalAgent ; :wnsense "duty-bound1adj", "obliged1adj" ; :wordnet "duty-bound", "obliged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Obliged'' is the attribute of a LegalAgent who has an ''Obligation'' to do something. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obliged' in Wordnet: 1. duty-bound, obliged - (under a moral obligation to do something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :ObligedAction :en "obligated action" ; :enn "obligation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ObligedAction'' is an ''Action'', that is or would be the execution (fulfillment) of an ''Obligation''. This is a ''FutureSituation'', as it is something that should be done but has not yet been done. The term 'obligation is used to refer to actions that are required ('obliged') by some duty, but that sense of 'obligation' is not in Wordnet. This type corresponds to sense 2 of 'obligation' in RHW: 2. something that is done or is to be done for such reasons: to fulfill one's obligations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :FutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obligatory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Obligation ] . :Oblique :wnsense "oblique1adj" ; :wordnet "oblique" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oblique'' is a variant of ''AcuteAngled'' applying to shapes and also to Actions whose directions or path for an Acute angle. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oblique' in Wordnet: 1. (2) oblique - (slanting or inclined in direction or course or position - neither parallel nor perpendicular nor right-angled; 'the oblique rays of the winter sun'; 'acute and obtuse angles are oblique angles'; 'the axis of an oblique cone is not perpendicular to its base') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcuteAngled . :ObliteratingAnObject :wnsense "obliterate4v" ; :wordnet "obliterate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ObliteratingAnObject'' is a ''PhysicalDestructionEvent'' that completely destroys some PhysicalObject to the extent that it is no longer recognizable as the intact object. Some traces ay be left; bombing some block of a town so as to reduce it to a pile of rubble is included. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'obliterate' in WordNet: 4. obliterate - (do away with completely, without leaving a trace) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalDestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ] . :Oblivious :isTheOppositeOf :Cognizant ; :wnsense "forgetful3adj", "oblivious1adj", "oblivious2adj", "unmindful2adj" ; :wordnet "forgetful", "oblivious", "unmindful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oblivious'' is an intensive subtype of ''Unknowing'' in which an ''IntentionalAgent'' does not at all have in mind some significant factor while performing some Action. The Agent can have the relevant knowledge in stored memory, but is forgetting it at the time it is relevant; or the Agent may be completely unaware of the relevant fact(s), or just doesn't care enough to take it into consideration.. NOTE: WN senses 1 and 2 have some differences, but appear to overlap. If some logical difference can be identified, these may be differentiated. Perhaps the main overlap is in 'forgetful'- the difference is between forgetting in one situation and generally forgetful of many things as a trait. 'Oblivious to' is usually used for unaware of consequences, while 'oblivious of' is used for unaware of some factor affecting the consequences or efficacy of an Action. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'oblivious' in Wordnet: 1. (2) oblivious, unmindful - ((followed by 'to' or 'of') lacking conscious awareness of; 'oblivious of the mounting pressures for political reform'; 'oblivious to the risks she ran'; 'not unmindful of the heavy responsibility') 2. forgetful, oblivious - (failing to keep in mind; 'forgetful of her responsibilities'; 'oblivious old age') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unknowing . :Oblong :wnsense "oblong1n" ; :wordnet "oblong" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rectangle'' with two of the four sides longer than the other two. Corresponds to part (rectangle) of noun sense 1 of 'oblong' in Wordnet: 1. oblong - (a plane figure that deviates from a square or circle due to elongation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rectangle . :Obnoxious :wnsense "objectionable1adj", "obnoxious1adj" ; :wordnet "objectionable", "obnoxious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """More than a little ''Annoying'', perhaps offensive. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obnoxious' in Wordnet: 1. (2) objectionable, obnoxious - (causing disapproval or protest; 'a vulgar and objectionable person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoying . :Oboe :guid "bd5cd0a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hautbois1n", "hautboy1n", "oboe1n" ; :wordnet "hautbois", "hautboy", "oboe" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """small double-reed instrument. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oboe' in WordNet: 1. oboe, hautboy, hautbois - (a slender double-reed instrument; a woodwind with a conical bore and a double-reed mouthpiece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoubleReedWoodwindInstrument . :Obscene :wnsense "lewd1adj", "obscene3adj", "raunchy2adj", "salacious2adj" ; :wordnet "lewd", "obscene", "raunchy", "salacious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an Action or Linguistic Object that causes Offendedness, or of a Person who performs such an action. This has nothing to do with competition or war. NOTE: an Action with this attribute is one that can cause 'Offendedness'. Correspond to adjective sense 3 of'obscene' in WordNet: 3. lewd, obscene, raunchy, salacious - (suggestive of or tending to moral looseness; 'lewd whisperings of a dirty old man'; 'an indecent gesture'; 'obscene telephone calls'; 'salacious limericks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inelegant, :Offensive . :Obscenity :wnsense "dirty word1n", "filth4n", "obscenity2n", "smut4n", "vulgarism1n" ; :wordnet "dirty word", "filth", "obscenity", "smut", "vulgarism" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of ''Obscenity'' is a word or phrase that contains words considered as ''Obscene''. Various things considered impolite (very incomplete list): Speech Attribute Quality InelegantSpeech - inelegant: impolite, offensive? Profanity - Profane - Profaneness Cursing - Vulgar - Vulgarity Obscenity - Obscene - Obsceneness Sacrilege - Sacriligeous - Sacrilegeousness Blaspheming - Blasphemous - Blasphemy Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'obscenity' in WordNet: 2. obscenity, smut, vulgarism, filth, dirty word - (an offensive or indecent word or phrase) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InelegantSpeech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ObservableThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ObservableThing' is a PhysicalObject or Event that is 'Detectable', i.e. can be observed by something (agent, machine,instrument) that creates some form of internal representation of the thing observed, even though that representation may be transient and constantly changing (as in a simple thermostat, in which the state of the device represents the temperature of the spatial region being observed. Here the 'ObservableThing' is the matter whose temperature is being detected.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Detectable ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ] . :Observant :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "law-abiding2adj", "observant3adj" ; :wordnet "law-abiding", "observant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is often used to characterize people who observe religious rules and rituals. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'observant' in Wordnet: 3. law-abiding, observant - ((of individuals) adhering strictly to laws and rules and customs; 'law-abiding citizens'; 'observant of the speed limit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ObservantJew :en "observant Jew" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ObservantJew'' is a ''JewishPerson'' who willingly participates to some extent in some of the rituals of Judaism. (Jewish rituals still need to be represented) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JewishPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiouslyObservant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Observation :ldoce "fact" ; :wnsense "fact3n", "fact4n", "observation3n" ; :wordnet "fact", "observation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Observation'' is an Assertion concerning something in the RealWorld produce by an act of ''Observing'', and that act of ''Observing'' provides some level of proof for that ''Assertion''. Assertions about reliable (confirmed) scientific observations are included, as well as Assertions about the properties of things that can be proved from authentic recordings. ('It's a fact that water melts at 0 degress C'). An ''Observation'' may be complex; a single fact (one logical sentence) is represented as a ''Datum'' in COSMO. NOTE that an Observation (Action) is not itself a VerifiableObservation, which is an Assertion about an Observation. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'fact' and non sense 3 of 'observation' in WordNet: 4. (27) fact - (a concept whose truth can be proved; 'scientific hypotheses are not facts') WN noun 'observation': 3. (5) observation - (facts learned by observing; 'he reported his observations to the mayor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Observing ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Observing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Observed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DiscoveryEvent, :Observing ; :wnsense "ascertained1adj", "discovered2adj", "observed1adj" ; :wordnet "ascertained", "discovered", "observed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Observed'' is the attribute of something of any kind (object, Event, attribute) that was the object of an ''Observing'', or in a ''DiscoveryEvent''. Distinguishing 'observed' and 'discovered' may be possible when more examples are on hand, but there will be overlap except possibly for 'discovering' new geographic locations or new species through exploration. Includes but is broader than WN adjective sense 1 of 'observed', including not only scientific observations but anything that was ascertained by Observing. in Wordnet: 1. (8) ascertained, discovered, observed - (discovered or determined by scientific observation; 'variation in the ascertained flux depends on a number of factors'; 'the discovered behavior norms'; 'discovered differences in achievement'; 'no explanation for the observed phenomena') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ObservedValue :en "observed value" ; :enn "observed value" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ObservedValue'' is an ''AttributeValue'' that is observed (e.g. measured) for something. This contrasts with values that may be 'predicted' (e.g. from theoretical considerations) or 'expected' for any reason, such as prior experience or observations of similar things. This can be used as the first element of a 'Discrepancy'' that may occur between Observed and expected values. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :Observed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Observed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Observer :ldoce "witness" ; :wnsense "beholder1n", "looker-on1n", "looker1n", "observer1n", "onlooker1n", "perceiver1n", "percipient1n", "spectator1n", "viewer1n", "watcher1n", "witness2n" ; :wordnet "beholder", "looker", "looker-on", "observer", "onlooker", "perceiver", "percipient", "spectator", "viewer", "watcher", "witness" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Observer' is a Role played by a Person who sees an Object or Event; this is not disjoint with the Role of 'participant' in any given Event. For someone who looks on without participating, use the subtype 'Onlooker'. Includes sense 1 of 'observer' and sense 1 of 'onlooker' and sense 2 of 'witness' and sense 1 of 'spectator' and sense 1 of 'viewer' in WordNet: 1. (12) perceiver, percipient, observer, beholder - (a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses) WN noun 'onlooker': 1. (3) onlooker, looker-on - (someone who looks on) WN noun 'witness': 2. (3) spectator, witness, viewer, watcher, looker - (a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind); 'the spectators applauded the performance'; 'television viewers'; 'sky watchers discovered a new star') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Looking ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ] . :Observing :eng "noticing", "observing", "witnessing" ; :guid "c00b17a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "notice", "observe", "witness" ; :wnsense "detect1v", "notice1v", "notice2n", "notice2v", "observe1v", "witness1v", "witness2v" ; :wordnet "detect", "notice", "observe", "witness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Observing' is an Event in which some PhysicalObject or group of objects (including sentient agents) acquires information in some form by interacting with some other Objects in the real world. If done through the senses by an animal, this would be an instance of the subtype 'Perceiving'; but an ''Observing'' (an observation) can be made even by very simple instruments. The effect of 'Observing' is to create some information representation in the observing thing, but that information may be forgotten or unused, or it may be remembered and stored. When ''Observing'' is performed intentionally to determine if something is present or has some speacific value, it is classified as the subtype ''Detecting''. NOTE: this is a ''PurposefulAction'' even when performed by automatons, which would be programmed to observe, so that the intention is with the programmer of the automaton. Perhaps future automatons with their own goals might observe 'unintentionally' The action of ''Seeing'' can include unintentional perception. CYC: A collection of information-gathering events in which an agent or group of agents acquire information by observing some thing or event. The observation may be mediated by equipment, such a binoculars, video cameras, body wires, an intercom, and other aids to real-time observation, and direct sensory perception on the part of a #$PerceptualAgent is not required, although in cases of group observation, we require that there be at least one member of the group playing the role of #$recipientOfInfo in the #$Observing. Positive examples: a military unit's following air traffic by means of radar or a submarine crew's tracking the progress of another submarine by means of sonar. Any instance of intentional Perceiving (by any sense) by an animal or mechanical IntentionalAgent, with or without the aid of instruments) which produces information. This is a broad sense, and includes both detection (observing the existence of something) as well as observing or measuring specific properties of things, and distinguishing a thing from others, or recognizing the category (type) of thing it is. If a machine is doing the Observation, and that machine is not classified as an IntentionalAgent, then the agent doing the detecting is the agent that set up the machine to do the Observation, whether the agent is present or not at the time of the Observation. 'The seismometer observed a level 4 earthquake and transmitted the data to the university laboratory 1000 miles away.' 'the fall of the satellite was in such a remote location that it escaped notice from the ground' Observations are intentional. The difference between 'Noticing' and 'Observation' is that in a 'Noticing' detecting the thing noticed was not necessarily the purpose of the perceving, it was incidental to the purpose (if any) of the perceiving; whereas in 'Observation' the thing observced was observed intentionally. @ToDo: this distinction may not be needed, perhaps it never is used in reasoning? Review - perhaps merge 'Noticing' with 'Observation'? Includes verb sense 1 of 'observe', verb senses 1 and 2 and noun sense 2 of 'notice', and verb sense 1 of 'detect' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'witness' in WordNet: 1. (41) detect, observe, find, discover, notice - (discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of; 'She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water'; 'We found traces of lead in the paint') 2. (21) notice, mark, note - (notice or perceive; 'She noted that someone was following her'; 'mark my words') WN noun 'notice' 2. (4) notice, observation, observance - (the act of noticing or paying attention; 'he escaped the notice of the police') WN verb 'witness': 1. (17) witness - (be a witness to; 'She witnessed the accident and had to testify in court') 2. (7) witness, find, see - (perceive or be contemporaneous with; 'We found Republicans winning the offices'; 'You'll see a lot of cheating in this school'; 'The 1960's saw the rebellion of the younger generation against established traditions'; 'I want to see results') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving-Voluntary, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Observation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :InformationGathering ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Observed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :ObservingAstronomicalObjects :wnsense "stargaze1v", "stargazing1n" ; :wordnet "stargaze", "stargazing" ; a :IntelligentActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ObservingAstronomicalObjects'' Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'stargazing' and verb sense 1 of 'stargaze' (this is for looking at any AstronomicalObject, including planets, asteroids, galaxies and phenomena such as radiation in space. This is for observation using any form of ElectromagneticRadiation, as well as gravity waves and any type of observing Device, including infrared or radio wave or gravity wave detectors: in WordNet: 1. stargazing - (observation of the stars) WN verb 'stargaze' 1. stargaze - (observe the stars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Looking, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astronomer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ; owl:someValuesFrom :AstronomicalTelescope ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ; owl:someValuesFrom :AstronomicalObject ] . :Obsessed :wnsense "haunted1adj", "obsessed1adj", "preoccupied2adj", "taken up1adj" ; :wordnet "haunted", "obsessed", "preoccupied", "taken up" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obsessed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) haunted, obsessed, preoccupied, taken up - (having or showing excessive or compulsive concern with something; 'became more and more haunted by the stupid riddle'; 'was absolutely obsessed with the girl'; 'got no help from his wife who was preoccupied with the children'; 'he was taken up in worry for the old woman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concerned, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obsession ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling ] . :Obsession :wnsense "fixation2n", "obsession2n" ; :wordnet "fixation", "obsession" ; a :FeelingType, :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Obsession'' is an intense ''Preoccupation'' with some topic or activity that pressures the Person with this Feeling to pay attention to some things to the exclusion of others. NOTE: this Feeling can be temporary, but there is no upper or lower limit to how long it may last. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'obsession' in WordNet: 2. obsession, fixation - (an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, :PayingAttention, :Preoccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obsessive ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obsessed ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compulsive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Obsessive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Obsession ; :isTheOppositeOf :Attentive ; :wnsense "obsessional1adj", "obsessive1adj" ; :wordnet "obsessional", "obsessive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obsessive' in Wordnet: 1. obsessional, obsessive - (characterized by or constituting an obsession; 'the obsessional character of his response'; 'obsessive gambling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compulsive . :Obstacle :guid "c0924c69-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "obstacle2n" ; :wordnet "obstacle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Obstacle is any physical object (including streams) that impedes movement of people or vehicles. This type includes all types of barriers to movement, including Wall-GenericBarrier and its various subtypes of walls and fences. This is prmarily intended as a PhysicalObject that can impede the movment of vehiles and/or troops. For the more generic 'obstacle' that can be an impediment to other types of Action use ''Hindrance'' or a subtype. The term 'obstacle' is usually used commonly in military scenarios, but obstacles can be of significance in many scenarios, including non-military purposes (see ''Hindrance'') Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'obstacle' in WordNet: 2. (4) obstacle - (an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HexalateralObject, :Hindrance, :TacticalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationEvent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :ObstacleSystem-Military :guid "be6f0473-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A structured system of artifacts intended to play the collective role of #$constrainingObject in a non-trivial subset of the collection of #$Movement-TranslationEvents such that the #$objectMoving is an instance of #$ModernMilitaryUnit-Deployable. Collections of instances of #$ObstacleSystem-Military designed to impede the movements of certain kinds of military unit can be referenced via #$MilitarySpecialtyObstacleFn: collections where the type is intended to impede the performance of certain tasks can be referenced via #$MilitaryTaskObstacleFn.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject . :ObstetricalForceps :wnsense "forceps1n" ; :wordnet "forceps" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ObstetricalForceps'' is a ''Forceps' used by a physician or other Person assisting at a ''BirthEvent'' to grasp and help remove a baby still partly in the mother's birth canal, in the process of being born, to help sped up and ease the process of birth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'forceps' in WordNet: 1. forceps - (an extractor consisting of a pair of pincers used in medical treatment (especially for the delivery of babies)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :Forceps, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Obstetrician :guid "bd588a1b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "accoucheur1n", "obstetrician1n" ; :wordnet "accoucheur", "obstetrician" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Obstetricians are doctors who specialize in the treatment of women during pregnancy and childbirth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obstetrician' in WordNet: 1. obstetrician, accoucheur - (a physician specializing in obstetrics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obstetrics ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :ObstetricianGynecologist :en "ob-gyn", "obstetrician-gynecologist" ; :enn "ob-gyn" ; :guid "c10ae628-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OB/GYN is a doctor who specializes in the treatment of women during pregnancy and childbirth in addition to diagnosing and treating problems with women's reproductive organs. RHW 'ob-gyn': adj. 1. obstetrical-gynecological. noun 2. obstetrician-gynecologist. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gynecologist, :Obstetrician . :Obstetrics :wnsense "OB2n", "midwifery1n", "obstetrics1n", "tocology1n" ; :wordnet "OB", "midwifery", "obstetrics", "tocology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'obstetrics' in WordNet: 1. obstetrics, OB, tocology, midwifery - (the branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of the mother) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Childbirth ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obstetrician ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Obstinacy :wnsense "bullheadedness1n", "obstinacy2n", "obstinance2n", "pigheadedness1n", "self-will1n", "stubbornness2n" ; :wordnet "bullheadedness", "obstinacy", "obstinance", "pigheadedness", "self-will", "stubbornness" ; a :FeelingType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'obstinacy' in WordNet: 2. stubbornness, bullheadedness, obstinacy, obstinance, pigheadedness, self-will - (resolute adherence to your own ideas or desires) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resolution-Emotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obstinate ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Obstinate :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Obstinacy ; :isTheOppositeOf :Cooperative ; :wnsense "contrary3adj", "obstinate1adj", "perverse2adj", "wayward1adj" ; :wordnet "contrary", "obstinate", "perverse", "wayward" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obstinate' in Wordnet: 3. contrary, obstinate, perverse, wayward - (resistant to guidance or discipline; 'Mary Mary quite contrary'; 'an obstinate child with a violent temper'; 'a perverse mood'; 'wayward behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :ObstructionEvent :guid "c0809629-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "block10v", "close up2v", "impede2v", "jam7v", "obstruct2v", "obturate1v", "occlude1v" ; :wordnet "block", "close up", "impede", "jam", "obstruct", "obturate", "occlude" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which an area that would otherwise be passable by someone or something is rendered unpassable with respect to that someone or thing. NOTE: this includes not just obstructing one 'path' but also objstructing access to a destination by any path. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'obstruct' in WordNet: 2. (2) obstruct, obturate, impede, occlude, jam, block, close up - (block passage through; 'obstruct the path') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Motion :MotionType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArrivingAtAPlace ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Obstructive :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :BlockingAction ; :wnsense "clogging1adj", "hindering1adj", "impeding1adj", "obstructive1adj" ; :wordnet "clogging", "hindering", "impeding", "obstructive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'obstructive' in Wordnet: 1. clogging, hindering, impeding, obstructive - (preventing movement; 'the clogging crowds of revelers overflowing into the street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Obtaining :en "getting", "obtaining" ; :ldoce "get", "obtain" ; :wnsense "acquiring1n", "get1v", "getting1n", "obtain1v" ; :wordnet "acquiring", "get", "getting", "obtain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Obtaining' is an Action in which an Agent acquires possession of something - usually a PhysicalObject, but potentially something abstract.. This can be accomplished by finding; it is not necessary that another agent lose control. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'obtain' in WordNet. NOTE that WordNet 'get' includes this sense, but can be used for the more abstract 'get'; in WordNet: WN 'obtain' 1. (118) obtain - (come into possession of; 'How did you obtain the visa?') WN noun 'acquiring': 1. acquiring, getting - (the act of acquiring something; 'I envied his talent for acquiring'; 'he's much more interested in the getting than in the giving') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GainingControl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Acquisition ] . :Obvious :isTheOppositeOf :DifficultToUnderstand, :Subtle, :Unobvious ; :wnsense "apparent1adj", "evident1adj", "manifest1adj", "obvious1adj", "patent2adj", "plain1adj", "unmistakable1adj", "unmistakable2adj" ; :wordnet "apparent", "evident", "manifest", "obvious", "patent", "plain", "unmistakable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions whose meaning is not only easy to understand but immediately evident to the understanding. This is a stronger form of the part of 'Clear' that refers to the understanding (grasping the meaning or significance) rather than perceiving with the senses.. This expresses a greater certainy of inference (commonsense, not logical) of a conclusion from observations than does ''Apparent''. Corresponds to the second part of adjective sense 1 of 'obvious' and also of adjectives 'apparent' and 'plain in WordNet: 1. (27) obvious - (easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind; 'obvious errors') WN adj 'apparent': 1. (20) apparent, evident, manifest, patent, plain, unmistakable - (clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment; 'the effects of the drought are apparent to anyone who sees the parched fields'; 'evident hostility'; 'manifest disapproval'; 'patent advantages'; 'made his meaning plain'; 'it is plain that he is no reactionary'; 'in plain view') WN adj 'unmistakable': 1. (3) unmistakable - (clearly evident to the mind; 'his opposition to slavery was unmistakable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Apparent . :Occasion :ldoce "occasion" ; :wnsense "occasion1n" ; :wordnet "occasion" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Occasion' is an Event that has some particular significance to an IntelligentAgent. This is a broad, almost vague category, and each 'Occasion' should be related to some purpose or other type of Event; but there is no restriction as of rev789 to require that reference. Every HumanActivity is an Occasion; though routine activities may not be Salient, each HumanActivity that is represented in an ontology will be salient by virtue of its being paid attention to. Each HumanActivity is an occasion in the sense of being potentially referrable in a phrase such as 'on the occasion when we were digging that ditch . . .\". NOTE that a 'special ocasion' would be a more salient instance than the average instance of 'Occasion'. For the more specifi sense of 'critical juncture' use that connects two distinguishable Events use subtype ''CriticalJuncture''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'occasion' in WordNet: 1. (14) juncture, occasion - (an event that occurs at a critical time; 'at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave'; 'it was needed only on special occasions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Occasional :wnsense "episodic2adj", "isolated1adj", "occasional1adj", "occasional2adj", "occasional3adj" ; :wordnet "episodic", "isolated", "occasional" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Occasional' is a vague property of Events that occur less often than 'frequently' but more often than 'rarely'. in any given TimeInterval. There is no clear absolute standard of 'Occasional', but events that occur less than once every years would be 'Infrequent' or 'Rare'. Ocurring more than once per day would not be 'Occasional'. This sense includes all 3 senses of 'occasional' and part of sense 1 of isolated' in WordNet - the overlap is alot, and the eaning depends a lot on context and expectations: in WordNet: 1. (21) occasional - (occurring from time to time; 'took an occasional glass of wine') 2. (2) episodic, occasional - (occurring or appearing at usually irregular intervals; 'episodic in his affections'; 'occasional headaches') 3. casual, occasional - (occuring from time to time; 'casual employment'; 'a casual correspondence with a former teacher'; 'an occasional worker') WN adj 'isolated': 1. (8) isolated, stray - (not close together in time; 'isolated instances of rebellion'; 'a stray bullet grazed his thigh') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrequencyAttributeValue, :Unusual . :Occlusion :wnsense "occlusion1n" ; :wordnet "occlusion" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occlusion' in WordNet: 1. (1) occlusion - (closure or blockage (as of a blood vessel)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOfAnAilment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blockage ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Occultist :wnsense "occultist1n" ; :wordnet "occultist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who practices (or claims to practice) Magical 'occult' arts. If someone claims to be a Sorcerer or Witch, that person may be considered as part of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occultist' in WordNet: 1. occultist - (a believer in occultism; someone versed in the occult arts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagicalPerson . :Occupation :ldoce "business", "job" ; :wnsense "business6n", "job1n", "line of work1n", "line19n", "occupation1n" ; :wordnet "business", "job", "line", "line of work", "occupation" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Occupation is an activity (a subtype of ''Action'') that a person does, typically to earn money or something of equivalent value. People who don't need the money and do the activity for the satisfaction still are practicing an Occupation. This is the Type whose subtypes will correspond to the various occupations that people do, such as 'Nursing' or 'Accounting'. Because some occupations are in common speech named in the same manner as the term describing the person who has that occupation (Electrician), the names used here (as subtypes of ''Action'') may seem unusual, but this avoids logical confusion with the person having the occupation. A person may have different ''Occupations'' at different periods within a ''WorkingCareer''. NOTE that NOTE that this type is labeled by a *kind* of work ('teaching', 'firefighter'); but logically each instance of this type represents the sum of Actions that a Person performs in the Role that is the ''Occupation''. for the actual employment situations ('he had a job at Merck') use ''JobSituation'',each instance of which is a subevent of an ''Occupation''. An Occupation is related to the PersonWithOccupation by inclusion of ''JobSituation''s (which reference ''PersonWithOccupation''s) as subevents. Also, as an ''Action'' each instance of ''Occupation'' must relate the Person performing that operation with the ''wasPerformedByAgent'' relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occupation' and sense 6 of 'business' and sense 1 of 'job' in WordNet: 1. (7) occupation, business, job, line of work, line - (the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money; 'he's not in my line of business') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :JobSituation ] . :OccupationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """OccupationType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that pertain to Occupations, such as 'isTheOccupationOfa' and 'practicesOccupation'. NOTE that this must not be used as the Type of people who have occupations. For that, use 'OccupationalRoleType'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :RoleType . :Occupational :pertainsTo :Occupation ; :wnsense "occupational1adj" ; :wordnet "occupational" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Occupational'' is the attribute pertaining to an ''Occupation'' and objects and activities assoiated with some specific ''Occupation''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'occupational' in Wordnet: 1. (4) occupational - (of or relating to the activity or business for which you are trained; 'occupational hazard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :OccupationalRole :isaSynonymOf :PersonWithOccupation ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO approximate equivalent of 'PersonWithOccupation'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :OccupationalRoleType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """OccupationalRoleType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that pertain to Types describing people in occupational roles, such as 'Nurse', 'Firefighter'..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoleType . :OccupationalScope a :GroupType, :ScopeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OccupationalScope'' is a 'Scope' that includes the activities that are included in any given 'Occupation'', i.e. the kinds of activities that a Person with that Occupation performs as part the the duties of the Occupation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Scope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :OccupationalSpecialization :wnsense "practice4n", "specialisation3", "speciality3n", "specialization2n" ; :wordnet "practice", "specialisation", "speciality", "specialization" ; a :OccupationType, :SpecializationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ',OccupationalSpecialization'' is an Occupation in which the range of activities that a person does is narrower than the range of some other People in the same general field may do. In professionss such as Medicine there are generalists and specialists. Among Lawyers there are specialists. Among Scientists,most of them are specialists,though some may tackle a broader range of topics than others. Plumber and Electrician are specializations. Many Fields of interest have specialized niches, Approximately the same as WN 'practie' sense 4 Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'specialization' in WordNet: 2. (2) specialization, specialisation, specialization, speciality, specialism - (the special line of work you have adopted as your career; 'his specialization is gastroenterology') WN noun 'practice': 4. (2) practice - (the exercise of a profession; 'the practice of the law'; 'I took over his practice when he retired') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occupation . :OccupationalTrade :isaSynonymOf :TradeWorker ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO term for 'TradeWorker'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Occupied :en "occupied" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :HavingOrganismsInside ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Occupied'' is an attribute of Places or Objects that have at least one ''Animal'' present there. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OccupyingaPlace :wnsense "fill3v", "inhabit2v", "occupy1v", "occupy4v", "presence1n" ; :wordnet "fill", "inhabit", "occupy", "presence" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OccupyingaPlace'' is a specialization of ''BeingInaPlace'' that suggests that the thing(s) doing the 'occupying' take(s) up all of the space available to be occupied in that location. This is not interpreted as ''fully occupying' as there may be some space left, but it suggests that the thing doing the occupying leaves *little* room for other things. A Person may 'occupy' a chair or an apartment, and that would preclude others occupying the same locations. But 'occupying Wall Street' or occupying a country leaves plenty of room for others. In general, occupying a large area is interpreted as metaphorical with respect to this sense. This includes 'occupying' in the sense of one GeopoliticalEntity maintaining governmental control over some area. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'occupy' and noun sense 1 of 'presence' in WordNet: 1. (22) inhabit, occupy - (be present in; be inside of) 4. (3) occupy, fill - (occupy the whole of; 'The liquid fills the container') WN noun 'presence': 1. (33) presence - (the state of being present; current existence; 'he tested for the presence of radon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ] . :Occurrence :wnsense "come about1v", "fall out5v", "go on2v", "hap1v", "happen1v", "happening1n", "natural event1n", "occur1v", "occurrence1n", "occurrent1n", "pass off5v", "pass8v", "take place1v" ; :wordnet "come about", "fall out", "go on", "hap", "happen", "happening", "natural event", "occur", "occurrence", "occurrent", "pass", "pass off", "take place" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Occurrence'' is an Event that occurs (happens) in the RealWorld. This is distinguished from ''PersistingEvent'' in that an ''Occurrence''need not be an ''PersistingEvent'', it can be a change (''BecomingEvent''). This type is intended to specify both: (1) that the Event represented is not just possible or future or fictional or hypothetical, but (as best one knows) has happened or is happening in the ''RealWorld''; and (2) this can be the reference to questions of 'what happened?' or 'what occurred' and, when one wishes to specify an Attribute for some such real ''event'' this can be added as a parent type to reflect the assertion that this is known to have happened. This type is useful because in general in COSMO representations of Events can represent hypotheticals or fictionals, and some method of making the distinction of real from hypotheticals is likely to be useful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occur' and sense 1 of noun 'occurrence' in WordNet: 1. (98) happen, hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out, come about, take place - (come to pass; 'What is happening?'; 'The meeting took place off without an incidence'; 'Nothing occurred that seemed important') WN noun 'occurrence': 1. (29) happening, occurrence, occurrent, natural event - (an event that happens) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :RealExistence . :OccurringAtaFixedTime :ldoce "regular" ; :wnsense "regular5adj", "regular7adj" ; :wordnet "regular" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OccurringAtaFixedTime' is an AttributeValue of Actions that are both 'Conventional' in being preformed in a predetermined manner (in this case, occurring at some specific time of day or day of the week), and 'RegularlyScheduled', recurring at some fixed time intervals. If it is known that some activity recurs at fixed time intervals ('weekly') but it is not known whether it occurs at the same time each recurrence, use 'RegularlyScheduled'. Includes part of adjective senses 5 and 7 of 'regular' in WordNet: 5. (2) regular - (regularly scheduled for fixed times; 'at a regular meeting of the PTA'; 'regular bus departures') 7. (1) even, regular - (occurring at fixed intervals; 'a regular beat'; 'the even rhythm of his breathing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conventional, :RegularlyScheduled . :OccurringDaily :wnsense "daily2adj" ; :wordnet "daily" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OccurringDaily'' is an ''OccurringPeriodically'' in which the recurring interval is ''OneDay''. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'daily' in WordNet: 2. (7) daily - (measured by the day or happening every day; 'a daily newspaper'; 'daily chores'; 'average daily wage'; 'daily quota') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OccurringPeriodically . :OccurringNightly :wnsense "nightly1adj" ; :wordnet "nightly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OccurringNightly'' is an ''OccurringPeriodically'' in which the recurring interval is ''OneDay'' and the time of day for the occurrencei is ''Night''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nightly' in Wordnet: 1. nightly - (happening every night; 'nightly television now goes on until 3:00 or 4:00 a.m.') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OccurringPeriodically . :OccurringPeriodically :en "recurring periodically" ; :enadj "recurring periodically" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OccurringPeriodically'' is a subattribute of ''Recurring'' for Events or States that 'recur' at relatively fixed intervals of time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Periodic, :Recurring . :OccurringWeekly :ldoce "weekly" ; :wnsense "weekly1adj" ; :wordnet "weekly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OccurringWeekly'' is an ''OccurringPeriodically'' in which the recurring interval is ''OneWeek''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'weekly' in WordNet: 1. (10) weekly - (occurring or payable every week; 'a weekly trip to town'; 'weekly wages'; 'weekly rent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OccurringPeriodically . :Ocean :guid "bd58e4b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ocean" ; :wnsense "ocean1n" ; :wordnet "ocean" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Ocean is the class containing the oceans that are the major subdivisions of the WorldOcean. According to the International Hydrographic Association, there are five oceans: the AtlanticOcean, PacificOcean, IndianOcean, SouthernOcean, and ArcticOcean. Note: The largest oceans, the Atlantic and Pacific, are subdivided into Northern and Southern regions, but those regions are not separate Oceans in that classification. Cyc: A specialization of #$Sea. Each instance of #$Ocean is one of the oceans of the world. This includes #$TheOceanSea, the interconnected expanse of salt water covering 71% of the Earth's surface, and of which the other oceans are subregions. Examples: #$AtlanticOcean, #$ArcticOcean, #$IndianOcean, #$PacificOcean. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ocean' in WordNet: 1. (9) ocean - (a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sea . :OceanChannel :en "channel" ; :guid "bd5892d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of water passageways connecting two larger bodies of water within an ocean region, that is wider than a Strait. Random House sense 4 of 'channel': 4. a wide strait, as between a continent and an island""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfSaltWater, :WaterSurfacePath . :OceanFlooding :en "flooding by ocean water", "flooding by sea water", "ocean flooding" ; a :InsuredEventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OceanFlooding'' is a type of ''Flooding'' in which water from some ''Sea'' (often an ''Ocean'' or part of one) comes ashore to a level above normal high tide, causing Flooding that may be merely inconvenient or even disastrous. This can be caused over a short period by Tidal surges, tsunamis, hurricanes or high winds that drive the tide. It can also occur in places such as the Netherlands) that have reclaimed water from the ocean and built dikes to keep the ocean out, if the ''Dike'' breaks or is otherwse pierced. Over a long period of time this can be due to the rise of ocean levels or the sinking 'settling') of the land surface adjacent to the Ocean. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flooding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeaWater ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :OceanIce :ldoce "ice" ; :wnsense "ice2n" ; :wordnet "ice" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject, any large body of Ice that is touching a BodyOfWater. This is intended to represent sense 2 of 'ice' in WordNet, but some of the subtypes in WordNet (parts of a glacier that are not touching the water) are not toucing a BodyOfWater, so they would not be subtypes of this type. NOTE that this includes lake ice, but none of the WN subtypes seem to be of that type, and that would be an less common usage. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ice' in WordNet: 2. (1) ice - (the frozen part of a body of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :OceanLiner :wnsense "liner3n", "ocean liner1n" ; :wordnet "liner", "ocean liner" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large ''SteamShip'', for passengers or freight. It is a Oceanliner if it has ocean-going capacity even if it is not used for that purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ocean liner' in WordNet: 1. liner, ocean liner - (a large commercial ship (especially one that carries passengers on a regular schedule)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SteamShip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OceanRidge :wnsense "ridge3n" ; :wordnet "ridge" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OceanRidge'' is a ''Ridge'' in an Ocean, under water or partly above water.. Includes noun sense 3 of 'ridge' in WordNet: 3. ridge - (a long narrow natural elevation on the floor of the ocean) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandArea, :Ridge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottomOfAnOcean ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :OceanSurface :en "liquid surface layer", "ocean surface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''OceanSurface'' is the ''TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject'' where the ''liquidobject'' is an ''Ocean''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NavigableWaterSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ocean ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :OceanTide :en "Earth ocean tide" ; :wnsense "tide1n" ; :wordnet "tide" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OceanTide'' is a ''Tide'' ocurring in any one or part of an OceanonEarth. See parent ''Tide'' for more discussion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tide' in WordNet: 1. (5) tide - (the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ocean ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :OceanWave :en "ocean wave" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :WaveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Wave located on some ''Ocean' or a body of water near a shoreline contiguous with an Ocean, even if named a 'bay' or 'sea' or 'gulf' or 'bight'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeaSwell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ocean ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :OceaniaRegion :hasSpatialPart :AustraliaRegion ; a :ContinentRegion . :Oceanographer :guid "bd59008e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oceanographer1n" ; :wordnet "oceanographer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Oceanographer'' is a Scientist who who studes the properties of ''Ocean''s and processes that are characteristic of Oceans or specific parts of Oceans. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oceanographer' in WordNet: 1. oceanographer - (a scientist who studies physical and biological aspects of the seas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ocean ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Ocelot :guid "bd6f5583-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Felis pardalis1n", "ocelot1n", "panther cat1n" ; :wordnet "Felis pardalis", "ocelot", "panther cat" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ocelot' in WordNet: 1. (1) ocelot, panther cat, Felis pardalis - (nocturnal wildcat of Central America and South America having a dark-spotted buff-brown coat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WildCat . :OchreColor :guid "d0390f2e-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "ocher1adj", "ochre1adj" ; :wordnet "ocher", "ochre" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :YellowColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ochre' in Wordnet: 1. ocher, ochre - (of a moderate orange-yellow color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Yellowish . :Octagon :guid "c0cffbdb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "octagon1n" ; :wordnet "octagon" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon. This is the collection of all polygons having eight sides, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'octagon' in WordNet: 1. octagon - (an eight-sided polygon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polygon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "8"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasNumberOfSides ] . :Octane :guid "fcb0832e-ecea-41d6-9666-83c84fee790e" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C8H18 ; :isaComponentSubstanceOf :Gasoline ; :wnsense "octane1n" ; :wordnet "octane" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """C8H18. An alkane with 8 carbon atoms. A primary component in gasoline. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'octane' in WordNet: 1. octane - (any isomeric saturated hydrocarbon found in petroleum and used as a fuel and solvent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkane, :LiquidSubstance . :October :guid "bd58c0ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "October1n" ; :wordnet "October" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are October. CYC:A specialization of #$CalendarMonth. Each instance of #$October is the tenth month of a particular year in the #$GregorianCalendar (q.v.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'October' in WordNet: 1. (13) October, Oct - (the month following September and preceding November) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Octopus :en "octopi" ; :ennp "octopi" ; :guid "bd58d533-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "devilfish2n", "octopus2n" ; :wordnet "devilfish", "octopus" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all members of the order Octopoda of the class Cephalopoda (#$Cephalopods). Octopi have 8 mobile sucker bearing arms. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'octopus' in WordNet: 2. octopus, devilfish - (bottom-living cephalopod having a soft oval body with eight long tentacles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cephalopod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EightTentacles ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :Octuple :hasNumericalValue "8"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "eight-fold1adj", "eightfold1adj", "octuple1adj" ; :wordnet "eight-fold", "eightfold", "octuple" ; a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """''Octuple'' is a 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' that indicates that the entity characterized consists of eight units. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'octuple' in Wordnet: 1. octuple, eightfold, eight-fold - (having eight units or components) """ . :Odd :ldoce "odd" ; :wnsense "odd1adj" ; :wordnet "odd" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of an Integer that is not evenly divisible by 2. This is a specialized mathematical concept. Corresponds to adj sense 1 of 'odd' in WordNet: 1. (7) odd - (not divisible by two) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Odd-toedUngulate :wnsense "odd-toed ungulate1n", "perissodactyl mammal1n", "perissodactyl1n" ; :wordnet "odd-toed ungulate", "perissodactyl", "perissodactyl mammal" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'odd-toed ungulate' in WordNet: 1. odd-toed ungulate, perissodactyl, perissodactyl mammal - (placental mammals having hooves with an odd number of toes on each foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoofedMammal . :OddInteger a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An Integer that is not evenly divisible by 2." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Integer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Odd ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :EvenInteger . :Oddly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Strange ; :wnsense "curiously1adv", "oddly1adv", "peculiarly2adv" ; :wordnet "curiously", "oddly", "peculiarly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oddly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' and ''AdverbialModifier'' that can modify an assertion to indicate that the speaker considers the attribute or situation described by the assertion to be 'odd' (unusual and surprising). This can be used as a 'sentential adverb'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oddly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) curiously, oddly, peculiarly - (in a manner differing from the usual or expected; 'had a curiously husky voice'; 'he's behaving rather peculiarly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbialModifier . :OderRiver :guid "bd58c047-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "a major river of eastern Europe" . :Odometer :guid "bd59059f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hodometer1n", "mileometer1n", "milometer1n", "odometer1n" ; :wordnet "hodometer", "mileometer", "milometer", "odometer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A DisplayDevice in a Vehicle showing the distance travelled by the vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'odometer' in WordNet: 1. odometer, hodometer, mileometer, milometer - (a meter that shows mileage traversed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gauge, :ManufacturedGoods, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DistanceTravelled ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :Odor :guid "44429a76-74b2-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "smell" ; :takesValue :OdorAttribute, :Odorous ; :wnsense "aroma1n", "odor1n", "odour1n", "scent3n", "smell2n" ; :wordnet "aroma", "odor", "odour", "scent", "smell" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EmittableThingType, :OdorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Odor is a subtype of 'AttributeType' that specifies a property of objects and substances that give off gases that can be perceived by the olfactory sense. The property is attributed to the object, though the perception is of the emitted gas. The distinction is made here between an ''OdoriferousThing'' and the ''OdorousGas'' that it emits. The Odor can be pleasant or unpleasant or neither of those but merely distinctive. Odor perceptions vary with individual people; this is for the classification of odors, regardless of who is perceiving it. In Cyc the attribute 'odor' is conflated with objects that have a particular odor - COSMO does *not* follow that categorization convention. Cyc: An odor is a quality that a tangible object or piece of free space may have, or an agent may detect. The predicates #$objectEmitsOdor, #$placeHasOdor, #$smells can map from those individuals to an Odor respectively. All odors have a projection onto magnitude axis. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'odor' (and 'odour'), sense 2 of 'smell', sense 1 of 'aroma', and sense 3 of 'scent' in WordNet: 2. (6) olfactory property, smell, aroma, odor, odour, scent - (any property detected by the olfactory system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :OdorAttribute a :EmittableThingType, :OdorType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each OdorAttribute is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes the ''Odor'' of a substance, object, or location.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OdorSensation :ldoce "smell" ; :wnsense "odor2n", "odour2n", "olfactory sensation1n", "smell1n" ; :wordnet "odor", "odour", "olfactory sensation", "smell" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Sensation produced by stimulation of the olfactory organs. This may be diffcult to distinguish from the property 'odor', as in the example given: is it the sensation she loves, or the property? Corresponds to sense 2 of 'odor' and sense 1 of 'olfactory sensation' in WordNet: 2. (2) smell, odor, odour, olfactory sensation, olfactory perception - (the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form; 'she loved the smell of roses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensation . :OdorSensitivity a :AttributeValueType, :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'OdorSensitivity' is an AttributeValue of animals, or artifical sensors that specifies how sensitive a general sense of smell is, or what particular odors can be detected. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :SensoryAbility . :OdorType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OdorType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of ''Odor''. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Odoriferous :wnsense "odoriferous2adj", "odoriferous3adj", "odorous2adj" ; :wordnet "odoriferous", "odorous" ; a :OdorType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Odoriferous'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of an ''OdoriferousThing'' (solid or liquid) that emits an ''OdorousGas'' (''Pleasant'' or ''Unpleasant''). Corresponds to adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'odoriferous' in Wordet: in WordNet: 2. odoriferous - (giving off an odor; 'the odoriferous elements in perfume') 3. odoriferous, odorous - (emitting an odor; \"odorous salt pork and weevily hardtack\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OdorAttribute . :OdoriferousLiquid :en "odoriferous liquid" ; :enn "odoriferous liquid" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OdoriferousLiquid'' is any ''LiquidSubstance'' that emits an ''OdorousGas''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :OdoriferousThing . :OdoriferousObject :en "odoriferous object" ; :enn "odoriferous object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OdoriferousObject'' is any PhysicalObject (solid or liquid) or that emits an ''OdorousGas''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OdoriferousThing, :PhysicalObject . :OdoriferousThing :en "odorous object" ; :enn "odorous object" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OdoriferousThing'' is any PhysicalObject (solid or liquid) or PhysicalSubstance that emits an ''OdorousGas''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Odoriferous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OdorousGas ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Odorous :wnsense "odoriferous2adj", "odoriferous3adj", "odorous1adj", "odorous2adj" ; :wordnet "odoriferous", "odorous" ; a :OdorType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Odorous'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of a ''Gas'' that has some distinctive ''Oror', whether pleasant or unpleasant or neutral. For the Objects that emit Odorous gases, use attribute ''Odoriferous''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'odorous' in Wordnet: 1. odorous - (having odor or a characteristic odor; 'odorous jasmine flowers'; 'odorous garbage'; 'fresh odorous bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OdorAttribute . :OdorousGas :en "odorous gas" ; :enn "odorous gas" ; a :EmittableThingType, :GaseousSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OdorousGas'' is a ''Gas'' that has some distinctive ''Odor'', pleasant or unpleasant or neutral. The vapor of a substance that is liquid at room temperature can be considered as an OdorousGas if it has an Odor. \"fragrance\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Odorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Oedema :guid "c096b112-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "edema1n", "oedema1n" ; :wordnet "edema", "oedema" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Oedema'' is a ''BodySwelling'', the ''OrganicObject'' that is in a visibly swollen (enlarged) area on the surface of an AnimalBody, produced by a ''SwellingEvent'', usually due to an injury. CYC 'edema': The collection of swelling in tissues caused by accumulation of fluid. NOTE: these labels can also be used to represent the AilmenCondition (a persistentState), but that type is not yet included in COSMO. NOTE: 'dropsy' and 'hydrops' are not used as labels because they are archaic and could be confused with other physiological conditions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oedema' in WordNet: 1. edema, oedema, hydrops, dropsy - (swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySwelling, :Injury-Object . :Oenophile :wnsense "oenophile1n", "oenophilist1n", "wine lover1n" ; :wordnet "oenophile", "oenophilist", "wine lover" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Oenophile'' is a ''Connoisseur'' with deep appreciation of Wines and the subtleties and nuances of their taste.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oenophile' in WordNet: 1. oenophile, oenophilist, wine lover - (a connoisseur of fine wines; a grape nut) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connoisseur, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wine ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :OfOppositeAttributes :isAnAttributeValueOf :PairOfObjects ; :wnsense "opposite4adj" ; :wordnet "opposite" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OfOppositeAttributes'' characterizes two Entities that have some Attribute or Quality of the same general category that are each opposite to the Attribute or Quality of the other entity. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'opposite' in Wordnet: 4. (3) opposite - (the other one of a complementary pair; 'the opposite sex'; 'the two chess kings are set up on squares of opposite colors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OfTheSameType :ldoce "alike", "related" ; :wnsense "alike2adj", "related1adj" ; :wordnet "alike", "related" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OfTheSameType' is an AttributeValue of a Group of entities of any kind, that are related by being of the same type. Such a Group can be of any size, and does not have to be the whole set of instances of any type. This can be used to specify that some things are all of the same type. 'Football, Soccer, and related sports': meaning that Football and Soccer are both Sports. NOTE that this relation is more accurately expressed by use of the relation 'areAlikeWRT' specifying *how* some things are of the same kind (i.e. have some shared characteristics) , or by the subtype/supertype relation. @ToDo: it will require an FOL representation to specify the actual type that all elements of the group are instances of. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'related' and sense 2 of 'alike' in WordNet: 1. (23) related, related to - (being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics ; 'painting and the related arts'; 'school-related activities'; 'related to micelle formation is the...ability of detergent actives to congregate at oil-water interfaces') WN adjective 'alike': 2. (7) alike, similar, like - (having the same or similar characteristics; 'all politicians are alike'; 'they looked utterly alike'; 'friends are generally alike in background and taste') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Related . :OfUniformComposition :wnsense "consistent4adj", "uniform2adj" ; :wordnet "consistent", "uniform" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OfUniformComposition'' is an attribute of Objects and Locations that are (for objects) of uniform substance composition throughout the Object, and for Locations having the same kind(s) of objects uniformly distributed. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'uniform' in Wordnet: 2. (4) consistent, uniform - (the same throughout in structure or composition; 'bituminous coal is often treated as a consistent and homogeneous product') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OfUniformLength :en "of uniform length" ; :enadj "of uniform length" ; :isaValueOf :PhysicalAttribute ; :ldoce "uniform" ; :wnsense "uniform3adj" ; :wordnet "uniform" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OfUniformLength' is an AttributeValue of Groups (of Objects or TimeIntervals or Events) that asserts that each element of the Group is has the same length (as defined on that type). Appears to corresponds to part of adjective sense 3 of 'uniform' in WordNet, but the gloss is not clear as to the meaning: 3. undifferentiated, uniform - (not differentiated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfUniformType . :OfUniformType :isaValueOf :PhysicalAttribute ; :ldoce "uniform" ; :wnsense "undifferentiated1adj", "uniform3adj" ; :wordnet "undifferentiated", "uniform" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Uniform' is an AttributeValue of Groups (e.g. of Objects or Events) that asserts that each element of the Groups is of the same type as every other, for some type-defining quality. For the sense of 'Uniform' meaning that a substance or object has all parts of the same type, use 'Homogeneous'. For the sense of 'uniform' meaning that each element of some Group (objects, TimeIntervals) has the same length (as defined on that type), use 'OfUniformLength'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'uniform' in WordNet: 3. undifferentiated, uniform - (not differentiated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Homogeneous . :OfWord a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of OfWord is a word that can be used where the English word 'of' is used in phrases. It does not have to be English, but should have a meaning close enough to serve in a similar grammatical capacity for at least one of the senses of the English 'of'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :Off-site :contrastsWith :On-site ; :wnsense "off-site1adj" ; :wordnet "off-site" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Working ''Off-site'' can occur for various reasons, including performing work on-line, or having a meeting at a remote location to avoid distractions from normal work functions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'off-site' in Wordnet: 1. off-site - (taking place or located away from the site; 'an off-site waste treatment operation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OffDuty :isTheOppositeOf :OnDuty ; :wnsense "off5adj" ; :wordnet "off" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OffDuty' is the state of a ''Person'', who has some regularly schedued duty, and is not now working or will not be working at some time in the future at that task. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'off' in Wordnet: 5. off - (not performing or scheduled for duties; 'He's off every Tuesday') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OffPatent :isAnAttributeValueOf :ConceptualWork, :DrugProduct, :Product, :Word ; :wnsense "generic2adj" ; :wordnet "generic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OffPatent'' is an AttributeValue of Objects, Substances, or conceptual works whose patent or copyright has expired. Such entties are therefore free to be used by the public without payment of royalties, so long as no ''TradeMark'' is violated. NOTE: the WN sense 2 of 'generic' refers ony to the Term, but this is broader, referring to the product that was trademarked as well as concpeptual works that were copyrighted. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'generic' in Wordnet: 2. generic - ((of drugs) not protected by trademark; \" 'Acetaminophen' is the generic form of the proprietary drug 'Tylenol' \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OffSeason :en "offseason" ; :enn "offseason" ; :wnsense "off-season1n" ; :wordnet "off-season" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OffSeason'' is any time of year when an activity whose intensity varies during the year is at its lowest level of intensity. This is applied mostly to travel related actions. 'rates are cheaper in the offseason'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'off-season' in WordNet: 1. off-season - (the season when travel is least active and rates are lowest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeasonOfYear . :OffSiteLocation :en "off-site location" ; :enn "off-site location" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OffSiteLocation'' is used to characterize various activities that occur at some place other than the implied ''LandSite'' of reference, which is relative to the context of the assertion. 'off-site meeting' For a group within some BusinessOrganization to hold an ''Off-site'' meeting they would have to leave the ''WorkingLocation'' where they usually perform theirduties to another location. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandSite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Off-site ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Offended :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Offendedness ; :wnsense "offended1adj" ; :wordnet "offended" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Offendedness. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'offended' in Wordnet: 1. offended, pained - (hurt or upset; 'she looked offended'; 'face had a pained and puzzled expression') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Offendedness :guid "bd58e0cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "offense" ; :wnsense "offense2n" ; :wordnet "offense" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'Offendedness-Feeling' in Cyc. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'offense' in WordNet: 2. (1) umbrage, offense, offence - (a feeling of anger caused by being offended; 'he took offence at my question') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Irritation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offending ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Offender :wnsense "offender1n" ; :wordnet "offender" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Offender' is any Person (any sex) or GroupOfPeople who performs some action that offends some person or violates some principle or code of behavior or ethics, or law, or does some harm to someone else. This is very broad and includes anyone who performs any of the full range of actions disapproved of by someone else, ranging from children being naughty to mass murderers. The subtypes, of course, are a lot more explicit. The 'offending can be any of of a broad type: RHW 'offend': 1. to irritate, annoy, or anger; cause resentful displeasure in: Even the hint of prejudice offends me. 2. to affect (the sense, taste, etc.) disagreeably. 3. to violate or transgress (a criminal, religious, or moral law). 4. to hurt or cause pain to. 5. (in Biblical use) to cause to fall into sinful ways. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'offender' in WordNet: 1. (1) wrongdoer, offender - (a person who transgresses moral or civil law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UndesirableBehavior ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offending ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Offending :en "offending" ; :guid "b09e0216-b150-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d0a8" ; :ldoce "offend", "offense" ; :wnsense "discourtesy3n", "hurt5v", "offend1v", "offend4v", "offense1n", "pique1v", "spite1v", "wound2v" ; :wordnet "discourtesy", "hurt", "offend", "offense", "pique", "spite", "wound" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action by one person that causes a Feeling of 'Offendedness' in another Person, possibly by violating some rule of a social group (offending the moral sense).. An act of Offending is not necessarily a violation of an Obligation - for that type of act, use 'ViolatingAnObligation', which includes violation of law. 'Offending' causes a feeling of being 'offended'. NOTE that 'offending' in the sense of 'breaking a law' or infringing any other rule is represented by 'InfringingARule'. Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'offend' and noun sense 1 of 'offense' in WordNet: 1. (2) pique, offend - (cause to feel resentment or indignation; 'Her tactless remark offended me') 4. hurt, wound, injure, bruise, offend, spite - (hurt the feelings of; 'She hurt me when she did not include me among her guests'; 'This remark really bruised me ego') WN noun 'offense': 1. (2) discourtesy, offense, offence, offensive activity - (a lack of politeness; a failure to show regard for others; wounding the feelings or others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :MentalEvent, :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offendedness ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Offensive :ldoce "offensive" ; :wnsense "offensive3adj" ; :wordnet "offensive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an Action or Linguistic Object that causes or can cause Offendedness, or of a Person who performs such an action. This has nothing to do with competition or war. NOTE: an Action with this attribute is one that can cause 'Offendedness'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'offensive' in WordNet: 3. offensive - (causing anger or annoyance; 'offensive remarks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Offering :guid "bd58eb0b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "offer" ; :wnsense "extend7v", "offer1n", "offer1v", "offer2v", "offer3v", "offer4v", "offer5v", "offering3n", "proffer1v", "volunteer2v" ; :wordnet "extend", "offer", "offering", "proffer", "volunteer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC (0.78) called ('Offering-CommunicationAct') This is very broad, including offering an opinion, or something for sale, or to do something, or something to eat, or condolences. Essentially, to linguistically (verbally or in writing) present something for acceptance or rejection to another person, group, or to the public. The esponses are usually ''Accepting'' or ''Rejecting'' but the response could be deferring a decision or something ambiguousor noncommital ('Thanks for the suggestion,I'll consider that') A rejection would be an instance of ''DecliningAnOffer''. This would include the legal concept of an 'offer' that can be accepted to create a contract, but is broader,not requiring any reciprocal thing of value. If the 'Offering' is an offer to give or lend something for an agents use, that would be a subtype of 'MakingSomethingAvailable', but not all 'Offering' actions fit into that category. In some cases an 'Offering' may be performed gesturally, and that is still considered as an 'AssertingEvent' though it does not use verbal communication. For example, at a cocktail hour a waiter may put a tray of hors d'oeuvres in front of one, consituting an offer of the food - this is an instance of 'assertion' and declining to take any object thus offered is an instance of this type 'DecliningAnOffer'. . This Action communicates a willingness to do something. Cyc: A specialization of #$CommunicationAct-Single. Each instance of #$Offering-CommunicationAct is a communication act in which somebody offers to do something, furnish something, or make something the case. See also the #$IllocutionaryForce associated with these actions, #$Offer. SUMO: The subclass of Committing in which a 'IntentionalAgent' offers something Physical to another agent. Offerings may be unconditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a UnilateralGiving) or conditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a Transaction of some sort). NOTE: SUMO mentions Physical things offered, but in COSMO the thing offered may also be Mental or (as with intangible assets like rights), abstract. Includes verb senses 1 through 7 of 'offer' in Wordnet: 1. (95) offer - (make available or accessible, provide or furnish; 'The conference center offers a health spa'; 'The hotel offers private meeting rooms') 2. (31) offer, proffer - (present for acceptance or rejection; 'She offered us all a cold drink') 3. (12) volunteer, offer - (agree freely; 'She volunteered to drive the old lady home'; 'I offered to help with the dishes but the hostess would not hear of it') 4. (4) offer - (put forward for consideration; 'He offered his opinion') 5. (3) offer, extend - (offer verbally; 'extend my greetings'; 'He offered his sympathy') WN noun 'offer': 1. (2) offer, offering - (the verbal act of offering; 'a generous offer of assistance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Committing, :Proposing, :Stimulus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accepting ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :OfferingABribe :en "offer a bribe" ; :env "offer a bribe" ; :guid "c00be348-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of actions. In each instance of #$OfferingABribe, some agent offers an inducement to another agent who has the power to do something that the first agent wants. NOTE: if successful,this becomes a subevent of ''Bribing'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Offering, :Requesting . :OfferingForSale :guid "c0ccd7f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "offer6v" ; :wordnet "offer" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$OfferingForSale events includes events in which an agent offers something for sale to another agent. SUMO: Offering to sell something to someone. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'offer' in WordNet: 6. (3) offer - (make available for sale; 'The stores are offering specials on sweaters this week') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingSomethingAvailable, :Offering, :SalesActivity . :OfferingSomethingToaDeity :wnsense "offer up1v", "offer9v" ; :wordnet "offer", "offer up" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 9 of 'offer' in WordNet: 9. offer, offer up - (present as an act of worship; 'offer prayers to the gods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worshipping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom :God ] . :OfferingToBuy :wnsense "offer7v" ; :wordnet "offer" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OfferingToBuy' is a Communication in which one Agent offers a certain amount of money to another Agent, whom the first Agent believes may willing to sell something. to obtain that something from that other Agent in return. In business transactions, this includes PurchaseOrders, which are a subtype of this type. NOTE: This is the general case, and does not necessarily imply that the Agent to whom the offer is made has already made known its intention to sell; for that situation, use the subtype ''Bidding''. The term 'bid' is used here in the sense of an 'offer' that is not necessarily in a formal auction. For bidding at an auction use subtype ''Bidding''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'offer' in WordNet: 7. (1) offer, bid, tender - (propose a payment; 'The Swiss dealer offered $2 million for the painting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offering, :SalesActivity . :OfferingaBankAccount :en "make a bank account available", "making a bank account available", "making available a bank account", "offer a bank account", "offering a bank account" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OfferingaBankAccount'' is the ''Offering'' Action that a Bank takes when it makes available a ''BankAccount'' to some section of the public. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingSomethingAvailable, :Offering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BankAccount :AccountType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BankOrganization :OrganizationType ) ] ] . :OfferingaReward :en "offer of a reward", "offering a reward" ; :wnsense "reward4n" ; :wordnet "reward" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OfferingaReward'' is the act of making an offer (verbally or by posting a notice) that a ''Reward'' will be paid for some desired action. Each 'OfferingaReward' is an instance of a ''Communication'' in which some agent offers to give something valuable to one or more other agents, as an inducement to an agent to do something that the first agent wants. This is most common for providing information to a police agency, or for returning something lost or stolen. When an agency 'posts a reward' that is represented in COSMO as an instance of 'OfferingaReward'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'reward' in WordNet: 4. (1) reward - (the offer of money for helping to find a criminal or for returning lost property) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Offering, :Requesting, :SpurringAnActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :GivingaReward ] . :Offhand :isTheOppositeOf :Careful ; :wnsense "offhand2adj", "offhanded2sadj" ; :wordnet "offhand", "offhanded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Offhand'' is a form of ''Casual'' that characterizes Actions that are not ''Careful'',in not being well thought out and/or considerate of other people. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'offhand' in Wordnet: 2. offhand, offhanded - (casually thoughtless or inconsiderate; 'an offhand manner'; 'she treated most men with offhand contempt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Casual . :OfficeBuilding :guid "bd589cfa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "office block1n", "office building1n" ; :wordnet "office block", "office building" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of 'modern' office buildings. SUMO: A building in which work activities take place which is not primarily designed for manufacturing or retail sales. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'office building' in WordNet: 1. office building, office block - (a building containing offices where work is done) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :CommercialFacility, :HumanShelterConstruction, :Workplace . :OfficeFurniture :wnsense "office furniture1n" ; :wordnet "office furniture" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'office furniture' in WordNet: 1. office furniture - (furniture intended for use in an office) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OfficeSpace ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation ] . :OfficeRoom :guid "bd58b9ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "office" ; :wnsense "office1n" ; :wordnet "office" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Single-room offices where one or two people typically work. Several of these can comprise an #$OfficeSpace. A Person's office is the place where that person usually works, unless the job requires frequent travel. This is the PhysicalObject that is an office. This could be a manager's 'office' in a larger room. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'office' in WordNet: 1. (62) office, business office - (place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed; 'he rented an office in the new building') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficeSpace-Personal, :Room . :OfficeSpace :guid "bd58891e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "office" ; :wnsense "office1n" ; :wordnet "office" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A room or set of rooms or part of a Room which comprises an office for an enterprise or for an individual. This will also be an office for an individual person only in the case where there is only one person working in an 'enterprise' - such as an office space that is part of a person's home. For single-room offices for an individual, use 'OfficeRoom' NOTE that this is a subtype of 'MultiRoomUnit', but such a unit can consist of a single room. For 'offices' in homes, the room can be used for other purpses, but if considered as the 'office' where the owner does paperwork, it is included in this type, and may have pieces of ''OfficeFirniture''. Many people may work in one #$OfficeSpace, whereas usually only one or two work in an 'OfficeRoom'. There is often a small reception area in the #$OfficeSpace where the secretary or assistant works. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'office' in WordNet: 1. (62) office, business office - (place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed; 'he rented an office in the new building') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, :PlaceOfBusiness, :Workplace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :OfficeSpace-Personal :en "personal office space" ; :enn "personal office space" ; :guid "db012326-a3cc-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d1c3" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'OfficeSpace-Personal' is a place where typically one person works; it can be as small as a desk in a shared cubicle, or a suite of rooms for an executive, or the main room in a home where 'office work' is done. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficeSpace, :Workplace . :OfficerInOrganization :guid "16299b8e-b4df-41d8-9a8d-a12f5c4ba831" ; :ldoce "officer" ; :wnsense "officeholder1n", "officer2n" ; :wordnet "officeholder", "officer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all officers of any organization. An officer is someone who is entrusted with an office, or recognized position of authority within an organization. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'officer' in WordNet: 2. (183) officeholder, officer - (someone who is appointed or elected to an office and who holds a position of trust; 'he is an officer of the court'; 'the club elected its officers for the coming year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leader . :Official :isTheOppositeOf :Unofficial ; :ldoce "official" ; :wnsense "official1adj" ; :wordnet "official" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of a Document created by or Action performed by some Authority that has some force of authoritativeness (is ''Authorized''). In the case of a Document, it may give some right or permission, or becoming a matter of record. This is a broad category, as it can apply to actions of any Organization, even small ones, provided that the action is countenanced by the rules of the organization and the rules recognize the action as having some effect that the organization will recognize. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'official' in WordNet: 1. (10) official - (having official authority or sanction; 'official permission'; 'an official representative') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authorized . :OfficialDocument :guid "bd58971b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: An OfficialDocument is a physical object with some writing on it, and the writing should contain some statement that asserts facts that can be used for legal or governmental purposes. Note that the creator ned not be an employee of a government, but should hae degree of authority that makes the document credible. This is not the AbstractDocument, but the physical document. Note also that every document was created by an Authority (some agent who can create a Rule), and this applies even to Wills, where the Authority as to disposition of assets is the person creating or dictating the content of the will. Cyc: A specialization of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject. Each instance of #$OfficialDocument is a document that can be used as the basis, proof, or support of some fact (such as a person's nationality, marital status, credit, or qualifications; or the ownership or transfer of property, etc.). #$OfficialDocuments are typically generated, issued, and/or certified by relevant institutions (as with #$Passports or #$StockCertificates), but they also include unique personal documents (such as wills) which meet certain standards to be accepted in support of facts. Instances of #$OfficialDocument include: #$BirthCertificates, #$TaxReturns, insurance policies, #$PostageStamps, receipts, #$PackingSlips and student ID cards. A notable specialization of this collection is #$LegalDocument. See also #$OfficialDocumentType.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Official ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OfficialDocument-Abstract a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OfficialDocument-Abstract is an abstract document (a mental object) that is 'official' in having some kind of legal force, and is represented by a physical 'OfficialDocument'. For the meaning 'OfficialDocument', see that entry.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Official ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OfficialResidence :wnsense "residence2n" ; :wordnet "residence" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OfficialResidence'' is a ''Residence'' provided for one or more people by an Organization in which that Person has some function that justifies special residential Privilege. College dormitory?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'residence' in Wordnet: 2. (2) residence - (the official house or establishment of an important person (as a sovereign or president); 'he refused to live in the governor's residence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :Residence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :OfficialStandard :ldoce "standard" ; :wnsense "standard1n" ; :wordnet "standard" ; a :PropositionType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'OfficialStandard' is some Specification for how things should be done to achieve a goal at some desirable level, created by some authority, which is not necessarily a governmental body. This includes standards for weights and measures and standards created by standards bodies. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'standard' in WordNet: 1. (14) standard, criterion, measure, touchstone - (a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; 'the schools comply with federal standards'; 'they set the measure for all subsequent work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rule, :StandardSpec, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :Officially :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Official ; :wnsense "formally1adj", "officially1adv", "officially2adv" ; :wordnet "formally", "officially" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Traditionally'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Action that is done as part of an ''Official''action, rule,or process.. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'officially' in WordNet: 1. (2) officially - (in an official role; 'officially, he is in charge'; 'officially responsible') 2. (1) formally, officially - (with official authorization; 'the club will be formally recognized') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Officiating :en "officiating" ; :wnsense "officiate1v" ; :wordnet "officiate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Officiating'' is an instance of an agent ''PerformingSomeAction'', where the Action is performed by someone with some form of 'authority' (i.e. is an ''Authority''). This does not have to be a ''PublicOfficial'', it can be someone authorized to offciate at Events in a private group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'officiate' in WordNet: 1. (4) officiate - (act in an official capacity in a ceremony or religious ritual, such as a wedding; 'Who officiated at your wedding?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerformingSomeAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :Offsetting :wnsense "cancel2v", "countervail1v", "countervail2v", "offset1v", "offset2v", "set off5v" ; :wordnet "cancel", "countervail", "offset", "set off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Offsetting'' is a ''Reduction'' of some effect in which some 'force' (something that causes an effect) compensates for another 'force' so as to reduce the effect of the first 'force'. The 'force' can be of any type and this is a very general concept. The compensation may not be complete, but should cause a significant reduction in the effect of the dominant force if not complete cancellation. For complete or close to complete cancellation of effects,use subtype ''BalancingForces''. This type implies the occurrence of two different Entities (called 'forces' here) that offset each other. But the specific kinds of forces that may offset each other are varied, and specifying the forces needs to be handled in subtypes. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'offset' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'countervail' in WordNet: 1. (5) offset, countervail - (compensate for or counterbalance; 'offset deposits and withdrawals') 2. (2) cancel, offset, set off - (make up for; 'His skills offset his opponent's superior strength') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impact ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :Offshore :pertainsTo :CoastalWaters ; :wnsense "offshore1adj" ; :wordnet "offshore" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'offshore' in Wordnet: 2. offshore - (at some distance from the shore; 'offshore oil reserves'; 'an offshore island') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Offspring :en "kins" ; :wnsense "issue6n", "offspring1n", "progeny1n" ; :wordnet "issue", "offspring", "progeny" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Offspring'' is a Group consisting of one or more ''BiologicalChild''s. This should represent all of a persons' ''BiologicalChild''s. NOTE: the WN sense is the plural, a group of sons and daughters, but here it is used in the singular. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'offspring' in WordNet: 1. (3) offspring, progeny, issue - (the immediate descendants of a person; 'she was the mother of many offspring'; 'he died without issue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BiologicalChild ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Offstage :isAnAttributeValueOf :ActorActress, :StageProp ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt :OffstageArea ; :pertainsTo :OffstageArea ; :wnsense "offstage1adj" ; :wordnet "offstage" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Offstage'' is an attribute of objects or events located on or occurring on some part of a ''StageForPerformances'' that is not visible to the audience. Places in the building that are not part of the ''StageForPerformances'' are not covered by this attribute. relate to 'isTypicallyLocatedAt'or 'occursAt' @ToDo ??needs: isAnAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt (for objects or actions) 1. offstage - (situated or taking place in the area of a stage not visible to the audience; 'offstage noises') offstage """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :OffstageArea :wnsense "backstage1n", "offstage1n", "wing3n" ; :wordnet "backstage", "offstage", "wing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OffstageArea'' is any of the parts of a ''StageForPerformances'' that are not visible to the audience. This is found only for places on a ''EndOfRoomStage'', rather than one in the center of a Room. 'in the wings' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'offstage' in WordNet: 1. (1) wing, offstage, backstage - (a stage area out of sight of the audience) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :Platform, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StageForPerformances ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Ogling :eng "ogling" ; :wnsense "ogle1v" ; :wordnet "ogle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ogling'' is a ''Looking'' in which a man looks at a woman with an intensity deriving from sexual interest. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ogle' in WordNet: 1. (2) ogle - (look at with amorous intentions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking . :Ogre :wnsense "ogre2n" ; :wordnet "ogre" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ogre'' is a Mythical creature, usually a giant but of varying size, depending on the specific tale, and usually evil in its desire to eat humans. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ogre' in Wordnet: 2. ogre - ((folklore) a giant who likes to eat human beings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanScaleObject, :IntelligentAgent, :MythicalThing, :SentientAnimal, :SupernaturalBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evil ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Oh :en "oh" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A suddenly emitted phrase that sounds like a long 'o' and usually expressing surprise or a sudden realization of or insight about something. This can be the 'exclamation' which also has a meaning as an 'interjection' No sense in Wordnet. RHW 'oh': interj. 1. (used as an expression of surprise, pain, disapprobation, etc.) 2. (used in direct address to attract the attention of the person spoken to): Oh, John, will you take these books? (noun). 3. the exclamation 'oh' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :OhioRiver :flowsInto :MississippiRiver ; :guid "bd588be6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The main eastern tributary of the Mississippi River, it is formed in Pittsburgh, PA.""" . :Ohm :isaValueOf :ElectricalResistance ; :wnsense "ohm1n" ; :wordnet "ohm" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI electric resistance measure. It is the electric resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential of 1 Volt, applied between these two points, produces in this conductor a current of 1 Ampere, this conductor not being the force of any electromotive force. Ohm = V/A = m^2*kg*s^(-3)*A^(-2). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ohm' in Wordnet: 1. ohm - (a unit of electrical resistance equal to the resistance between two points on a conductor when a potential difference of one volt between them produces a current of one ampere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Oil :guid "bd58d9e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "oil" ; :wnsense "oil1n" ; :wordnet "oil" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType, and a specialization of #$OrganicStuff. Each instance of #$Oil is a portion of some type of typically viscous, primarily hydrophobic (i.e., _not_ readily soluble in water) liquid hydrocarbon. Notable specializations of #$Oil include #$CookingOil, #$HeatingOil, and #$Petroleum-CrudeOil. SUMO: A greasy, viscous Solution that cannot be mixed with Water. Note that this general class covers petroleum oil, vegetable oil, animal fat, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil' in WordNet: 1. (11) oil - (a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, :Solution . :OilField :guid "beeaeb0b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oilfield1n" ; :wordnet "oilfield" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is the physical land object that is part of the Earth's surface (a ''GeographicalArea'') under which is or is believed to be a PetroleumReservoir; it may have some overlying water (i.e. this can be land under the ocean.), therfore it is not necessarily a ''LandArea''.. The actual rock formations containing the petroleum is called a PetroleumReservoir in COSMO. The Restriction does not require that the PetroleumReservoir be reified for each instance of OilField. The broader included sense is some GeographicalArea that may have or is believed to have some useful quantity of Petroleum in the ground, sufficient to be worth the effort of exploring for it. If known producing fields need to be represented,that would be a subtype of this. Cyc: The collection of regions which are naturally rich in deposits of natural oil. #$OilField includes both developed and undeveloped oil fields. See also #$OilField-Developed, which is specialized for fields where oil wells are located, or natural oil is being commercially mined . #$JulieF 12/98. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil field' in WordNet: 1. (2) oilfield - (a region rich in petroleum deposits (especially one with producing oil wells)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea, :LandArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PetroleumReservoir ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OilRefinery :guid "bdfac966-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oil refinery1n", "petroleum refinery1n" ; :wordnet "oil refinery", "petroleum refinery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of places where #$Petroleum-CrudeOil is refined. Each instance of #$OilRefinery includes at least one or more distillation or absorption units that separate the crude oil into various compounds (see #$PetroleumProduct-Refined). But an #$OilRefinery will also be equiped with loading facilities for pumping the oil from trucks or ships, as well as office buildings for personnel. - Mark Willems, Dec 15, 1997. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil refinery' in WordNet: 1. oil refinery, petroleum refinery - (a refinery for petroleum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refinery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PetroleumProduct-Refined ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Petroleum ; owl:onProperty :consumesSubstance ] . :OilRigger :en "roughneck", "roustabout" ; :enn "roughneck", "roustabout" ; :wnsense "oil rigger1n", "rigger3n" ; :wordnet "oil rigger", "rigger" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes Terms not in WN in this sense: RHW 'roustabout': 4. any unskilled laborer working in an oil field. Cf. roughneck (def. 2). RHW 'roughneck': 2. any laborer working on an oil-drilling rig. Cf. roustabout (def. 4). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rigger' in WordNet: 3. rigger, oil rigger - (someone who works on an oil rig) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManualLaborer, :Oilman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OilField ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillingForOil ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :OilTanker :wnsense "oil tanker1n", "oiler3n", "tank ship1n", "tanker1n" ; :wordnet "oil tanker", "oiler", "tank ship", "tanker" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OilTanker'' is a ''CargoShip'' that has as its primary design purpose the transport of crude oil (petroleum) or liquid petroleum products.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil tanker' in WordNet: 1. oil tanker, oiler, tanker, tank ship - (a cargo ship designed to carry crude oil in bulk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CargoShip . :OilWell :guid "c0fce390-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oil well1n", "oiler2n" ; :wordnet "oil well", "oiler" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of oil wells. It is possible to think of an #$OilWell as a hole in the ground that is used for extracting #$Petroleum-CrudeOil from some underground reservoir (cf. #$OilField). Most (if not all) #$OilWells are created by a #$DrillingSomething. Many #$OilWells are equiped with a #$Pump-Mechanical because the underground reservoir is not pressurized enough to push up the oil. And even though an oil field may have enough pressure at first, artificial lift devices are needed in later stages of production. NOTE: this is a producing ''OilWell'' - a well drilled for oil that came up dry would be a 'dry well' (not yet represented) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oil well' in WordNet: 1. (2) oil well, oiler - (a well that yields or has yielded oil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrilledWell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Petroleum ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :Oilcloth :wnsense "oilcloth1n" ; :wordnet "oilcloth" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oilcloth'' is a Fabric having a woven cloth, coated on one side by a (relatively) waterproof substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oilcloth' in WordNet: 1. (1) oilcloth - (cloth treated on one side with a drying oil or synthetic resin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Oiliness :guid "be01f031-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "greasiness1n", "oiliness1n", "oleaginousness1n" ; :wordnet "greasiness", "oiliness", "oleaginousness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """@ToDo: 'oiliness' and 'greasiness' should be different. 'Being Oily' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oiliness' in WordNet: 1. greasiness, oiliness, oleaginousness - (consisting of or covered with oil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Greasy ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Oilman :wnsense "oilman1n", "oilman2n" ; :wordnet "oilman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person working in any aspect of the Petroleum exploration or extraction business. This includes anyone in management capacity or working in the oil field. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'oilman' in WordNet: 1. oilman - (a person who owns or operates oil wells) 2. oilman - (a worker who produces or sells petroleum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson . :Oink :en "oinking" ; :guid "bf7c1173-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isEmittedBy :Pig ; :wnsense "grunt1n", "oink1n", "oink1v", "squeal1n", "squeal1v" ; :wordnet "grunt", "oink", "squeal" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'oinking' sound made by a pig or hog. Includes n and v senses of 'oink' in Wordnet. CYC 'OinkingSound': An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$AnimalSound. Each instance of #$OinkingSound is either an oink -like sound emitted by a #$Pig, or an imitation of such a sound (e.g. the sound made by a human who is oinking like a pig). in WordNet: WN noun 'oink': 1. grunt, oink - (the short low gruff noise of the kind made by hogs) WN verb 'oink': 1. squeal, oink - (utter a high-pitched cry, characteristic of pigs) WN noun 'squeal': 1. (1) squeal - (a high-pitched howl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :Ointment :wnsense "cream3n", "emollient1n", "ointment2n" ; :wordnet "cream", "emollient", "ointment" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''ointment'' includes substances such as sunscreen lotion that are not soothing, but preventative of sunburn. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'ointment' in WordNet: 2. cream, ointment, emollient - (toiletry consisting of any of various substances in the form of a thick liquid that have a soothing and moisturizing effect when applied to the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoatingMaterial, :ToiletrySubstance . :Old :isTheOppositeOf :New ; :ldoce "old" ; :wnsense "old1adj", "old2adj" ; :wordnet "old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to things that were created - artificially or naturally - at a time before the present longer ago than the median lifetime of that kind of entity. This is a relative attribute, depending on the typical lifetime of the type that the attribute modifies. This is the most general 'old' attributeValue, and includes old people as well as old artifacts, old traditions, old civilizations. 'old-fashioned' is a subtype. NOTE that this does not refer to something that *used to* exist a while ago, but for things that are existing at the time that the ''Old'' property is asserted. See also ''Prehistoric'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'old' in WordNet: 1. (515) old - ((used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age; 'an old man's eagle mind' - William Butler Yeats; 'his mother is very old'; 'a ripe old age'; 'how old are you?') 2. (435) old - (of long duration; not new; 'old tradition'; 'old house'; 'old wine'; 'old country'; 'old friendships'; 'old money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OldFashioned :isTheOppositeOf :New, :NewFangled ; :ldoce "old-fashioned" ; :wnsense "antique2adj", "demode1adj", "ex1adj", "nonmodern1adj", "old-fashioned1adj", "old-hat2adj", "outmoded1adj", "passe1adj", "passee1adj" ; :wordnet "antique", "demode", "ex", "nonmodern", "old-fashioned", "old-hat", "outmoded", "passe", "passee" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OldFashioned' is an AttributeValue attached to things that have been superseded in common use by more recent things; this applies to artifacts as well as manners, words, and ways of thinking. This is an EvalutativeAttribute because certain communities may consider something old-fashioned while others may not. This attribute is relative to some community which considers the more recent usage to be most appropriate. This is not an attribute of *people* who have old-fashioned ideas. In COSMO one may that a person has old-fashioned beliefs or ideas, and that would express the notion of that person being 'old-fashioned'. Corrresponds to the only adjective sense of 'old-fashioned' and of 'outmoded', and sense 2 of 'antique' in WordNet: 1. (1) antique, demode, ex, old-fashioned, old-hat, outmoded, passe, passee - (out of fashion; 'a suit of rather antique appearance'; 'demode (or outmoded) attire'; 'outmoded ideas') WN adj 'nonmodern': 1. nonmodern - (not modern; of or characteristic of an earlier time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Superseded . :OldHuman :guid "bd58d9b5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "old person1n", "oldster1n", "senior citizen1n" ; :wordnet "old person", "oldster", "senior citizen" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HomoSapiens. Each instance of this collection is a person more than 60 years of age. This collection is disjoint with #$YoungHuman - the collection of persons less than 35 years of age. For COSMO 'old' will be 65+ and 'middle-aged' will be 45-64 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'old person' in WordNet: 1. (2) oldster, old person, senior citizen, golden ager -- (an elderly person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elderly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OldTestament :wnsense "Hebrew Scripture1n", "Old Testament1n", "Tanach1n", "Tanakh1n" ; :wordnet "Hebrew Scripture", "Old Testament", "Tanach", "Tanakh" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''NewTestament'' is the abstract content of that part of the ''Bible'' that is considered sacred to both Judaism and to Christianity. Here this is equivalent to the 'Tanakh', the Hebrew term for this abstract content (which is independent of language) that is sacred to Judaism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Old Testament' in WordNet: 1. (5) Old Testament - (the collection of books comprising the sacred scripture of the Hebrews and recording their history as the chosen people; the first half of the Christian Bible) WN noun 'Tanakh': 1. Tanakh, Tanach, Hebrew Scripture - (the Jewish scriptures which consist of three divisions - the Torah and the Prophets and the Writings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scripture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judaism ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Christianity ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChristianGroup ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bible ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :OldTime :wnsense "old-time1adj", "olde worlde1adj", "quaint3adj" ; :wordnet "old-time", "olde worlde", "quaint" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OldTime'' is an attribute of something with a property that was more common in some earlier time - usually more than seventy years ago. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'old-time' in Wordnet: 1. old-time, quaint, olde worlde - (attractively old-fashioned (but not necessarily authentic); 'houses with quaint thatched roofs'; 'a vaulted roof supporting old-time chimney pots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unusual . :OldWorldBuffalo :wnsense "Old World buffalo1n", "buffalo4n" ; :wordnet "Old World buffalo", "buffalo" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'old world buffalo' in WordNet: 1. Old World buffalo, buffalo - (any of several Old World animals resembling oxen including, e.g., water buffalo; Cape buffalo) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bovid . :Older :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Old ; :isTheOppositeOf :Younger ; :wnsense "older1adj", "older2adj" ; :wordnet "older" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Older' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some object or process an Age that is higher (relative to some reference Object). 'elder' with names usually is prefixed by 'the' 'John Jones the elder'. This is a simple comparative and does not include the notion of 'being old'. For 'being old' use ''Aged'. Includes part of adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'older' in WordNet: 1. (11) aged, elderly, older, senior - (advanced in years; ('aged' is pronounced as two syllables); 'aged members of the society'; 'elderly residents could remember the construction of the first skyscraper'; 'senior citizen') 2. (3) elder, older, sr. - (used of the older of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a father from his son; 'Bill Adams, Sr.') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :Olive :wnsense "olive1n" ; :wordnet "olive" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fruit that grows on an OliveTree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'olive' in WordNet: 1. olive - (small ovoid fruit of the European olive tree; important food and source of oil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, :Ovoid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OliveTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :OliveOil :ldoce "olive oil" ; :wnsense "olive oil1n" ; :wordnet "olive oil" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Oil prepared from olives and used in cooking and as a condiment in foods, and as a vehicle in medicines: From RHW: an oil expressed from the olive fruit, used in cooking, in salad dressings, in medicine, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'olive oil' in WordNet: 1. olive oil - (oil from olives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VegetableOil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Olive ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SaladDressing ; owl:onProperty :mayFillTheRoleOf ] . :OliveOrder :guid "bd58ed35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :OliveTree :en "olive tree" ; :guid "bd58babc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "olive2n" ; :wordnet "olive" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual olive trees. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'olive' in WordNet: 2. olive, European olive tree, Olea europaea - (evergreen tree cultivated in the Mediterranean region since antiquity and now elsewhere; has edible shiny black fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvergreenPlant, :FruitTree, :OliveOrder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Olive ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :OliverStone :hasMassInGrams "80000"^^xsd:float ; :isKnowledgeableAbout :Movie ; :isTheCreatorOf :JFK-TheMovie ; :isTheLeaderOf :ProductionCrew ; a :LivingPerson, :MalePerson, :MovieDirector . :Olivine :guid "bf631427-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "olivine1n" ; :wordnet "olivine" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: Mineral. any of a group of magnesium iron silicates, (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, occurring in olive-green to gray-green masses as an important constituent of basic igneous rocks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'olivine' in Wordnet: 1. olivine - (a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :Olympic :pertainsTo :OlympicGames ; :wnsense "Olympic1adj" ; :wordnet "Olympic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Olympic'' refers to the OlympicGames and medals and events included in those games, and people participating: 'olympic medal winner' 'Olympic champion Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Olympic' in WordNet: 1. (4) Olympic - (of or relating to the Olympic Games; \"Olympic winners\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :OlympicGames :guid "bd5900f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Olympic Games1n", "Olympics1n" ; :wordnet "Olympic Games", "Olympics" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: The OlympicGames are classified as a Type of Event, not a 'Sport' which is a specification for how to play a game. Each instance of OlympicGames is the full set of sports Events from opening to closing ceremonies. Cyc: The international athletic competition held every four years. SUMO: A sports event where athletes from various countries compete against one another. The Olympics are now held every two years, either in the winter or the summer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Olympic Games' in WordNet: 1. (2) Olympic Games, Olympics, Olympiad - (the modern revival of the ancient games held once every 4 years in a selected country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternationalSportsCompetition . :Oman :wnsense "Oman1n" ; :wordnet "Oman" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Oman' in WordNet: 1. Oman, Sultanate of Oman, Muscat and Oman - (a strategically located monarchy on the southern and eastern coasts of the Arabian Peninsula; the economy is dominated by oil) """ . :Omelette :guid "2f4d29b2-4143-11d8-921a-0002b396fafa" ; :wnsense "omelet1n", "omelette1n" ; :wordnet "omelet", "omelette" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType. Each instance of #$Omelette is a dish consisting of #$ScrambledEggs with some type of filling and/or topping - often instances of #$Meat, #$Vegetable-Food, and/or #$Cheese. This is an Object, not a substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'omelet' in WordNet: 1. omelet, omelette - (beaten eggs or an egg mixture cooked until just set; may be folded around e.g. ham or cheese or jelly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourseOfAMeal, :FoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScrambledEggs ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Ominous :wnsense "baleful2adj", "forbidding2adj", "menacing1adj", "minacious1adj", "minatory1adj", "ominous1adj", "sinister1adj", "threatening1adj" ; :wordnet "baleful", "forbidding", "menacing", "minacious", "minatory", "ominous", "sinister", "threatening" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ominous'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of Events or Objects that will typically cause Fear (Fright) in a Person by virtue of suggesting some damaging event to come. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ominous' in Wordnet: 1. (10) baleful, forbidding, menacing, minacious, minatory, ominous, sinister, threatening - (threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments; 'a baleful look'; 'forbidding thunderclouds'; 'his tone became menacing'; 'ominous rumblings of discontent'; 'sinister storm clouds'; 'a sinister smile'; 'his threatening behavior'; 'ugly black clouds'; 'the situation became ugly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frightening . :Omission :wnsense "omission1n", "omission2n" ; :wordnet "omission" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Omission'' is an ''Absence'' (in something produced by an Action) that results from some ''SkippingOverSomething'' Action. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'omission' in WordNet: 1. (2) omission, skip - (a mistake resulting from neglect) 2. (1) omission - (something that has been omitted; \"she searched the table for omissions\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :Outcome, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkippingOverSomething ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Omnivore :guid "bd58a5e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "omnivore1n" ; :wordnet "omnivore" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Heterotroph (q.v.) and an instance of #$OrganismClassificationType. Instances of #$Omnivore are those animals whose natural diets consist of both plants (or plant parts or plant-derived products) and animals (or animal parts or animal-derived products). Thus a human vegetarian is still omnivorous, since meat is part of our natural diet. Specializations of this collection include #$Pig, #$Bear, and #$Person. See also #$Herbivore and #$Carnivore. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'omnivore' in WordNet: 2. omnivore - (an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Heterotroph, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Omnivorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Omnivorous :wnsense "omnivorous1adj" ; :wordnet "omnivorous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'omnivorous' in Wordnet: 1. omnivorous - (feeding on both plants and animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :On-OffButton a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each On-OffButton is a button that turns a powered device on an off in the manner of a toggle. It is usually found on electrical devices but some wind-up devices may have on-off buttons also""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlButton, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SelfPoweredDevice ] . :On-OffSwitch :wnsense "on-off switch1n", "on/off switch1n", "toggle switch1n", "toggle2n" ; :wordnet "on-off switch", "on/off switch", "toggle", "toggle switch" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'on-off switch' in WordNet: 1. toggle switch, toggle, on-off switch, on/off switch - (a hinged switch that can assume either of two positions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalSwitch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :On-Screen :en "on-screen" ; :enadj "on-screen" ; :pertainsTo :MovieShowing, :TVBroadcasting ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''On-Screen'' characterizes things that are ''Visible' on a screen displaying some images, usually a ''MovieShowing'' or the images on a video display, such as a TV program. This is used to contrast with actons that may take place within the studio where a Movie is fled or a Television show is being broadast, but are not visible in the Movie or broadcast. Includes both senses in RHW. RHW 'on-screen': 1. occurring within a motion picture or television show or in an actor's professional life: a raucous on-screen personality that was at odds with his quiet private life. 2. displayed on a television screen; supplied by means of television: an on-screen course in economics. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :On-site :isAnAttributeValueOf :LandSite, :SceneOfEvent, :WorkingLocation ; :wnsense "on-site1adj" ; :wordnet "on-site" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''On-site'' is used to characterize various activities that occur at a locaton that is relative to the context of usage - for a business enterprise, an ''On-site'' meeting will be held on the property of the enterprise whereas an ''Off-site''meeting would be at another location, owned by a different Agent, or sometimes a location remote from the usual working place but owned by the same enterprise. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'on-site' in Wordnet: 1. (1) on-site - (taking place or located at the site; 'on-site inspection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :OnDuty :en "in operation", "running" ; :isTheOppositeOf :OffDuty ; :wnsense "on1adj" ; :wordnet "on" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OnDuty' is the state of a ''Person'', who has some regularly schedued duty, and is now working at that task. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OnLine :en "online" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :WebAccessibleFile, :WebBasedServer ; :wnsense "on-line2sdj" ; :wordnet "on-line" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OnLine'' is a specialization of 'Available' meaning that the object or service thus characterized is either a Computer that is connected to a ''ComputerNetwork'' or a file located in a computer connected to the Internet (especially a ''WebBasedServer''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'on-line' in WordNet: 2. on-line - (connected to a computer network or accessible by computer; 'an on-line database') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Available . :OnOppositeSides :isAnAttributeValueOf :PairOfObjects ; :wnsense "opposite1adj" ; :wordnet "opposite" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OnOppositeSides'' characterizes two PhysicalObjects that are each located adjacent to and separated by some third Object (which is located ''BetweenTwoObjects''). This is most easily visualized as Objects on opposite sides of a street or Ocean Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'opposite' in Wordnet: 1. (9) opposite - (being directly across from each other; facing; 'And I on the opposite shore will be, ready to ride and spread the alarm'- Longfellow; 'we lived on opposite sides of the street'; 'at opposite poles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Once :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :perLifeTime ; :ldoce "once" ; :wnsense "in one case1adv", "once1adv", "one time1adv" ; :wordnet "in one case", "once", "one time" ; a :Frequency, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: This is also an instance of ''Frequency'', and can be used as the value of 'hasFrequency'' when one wants to specify that an action that may recur in fact happened only ''Once''. Also it can be used for phrase 'once in a lifetime'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'once' in Wordnet: 1. (100) once, one time, in one case - (on one occasion; 'once I ran into her') """ . :OnceUponaTime :en "once upon a time", "there was a time when" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OnceUponaTime'' is an indefinite ''PastTimeInterval'' used in several senses, most commonly as an introductory phrase in fictional stories, especially for children (e.g. fairy tales). The phrase 'there was a time when' means the same thing,but is more commonly used to compare or contrast prior practices in the real world to current ones. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastTimeInterval . :One-Armedbandit :wnsense "one-armed bandit1n", "slot7n" ; :wordnet "one-armed bandit", "slot" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''One-Armedbandit'' is a ''SlotMachine'' used for gambling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one-armed bandit' in WordNet: 1. slot, one-armed bandit - (a slot machine that is used for gambling; 'they spend hours and hours just playing the slots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SlotMachine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slot ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :One-Person :pertainsTo :OnePerson ; :wnsense "one-man1adj", "one-person1adj", "one-woman1adj" ; :wordnet "one-man", "one-person", "one-woman" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'one-person' in Wordnet: 1. one-man, one-person, one-woman - (designed for or restricted to a single person; 'a one-man show'; 'a one-person tent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :One-Sided :isAnAttributeValueOf :SingleDoerAction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Multilateral ; :wnsense "one-sided2adj", "unilateral1adj" ; :wordnet "one-sided", "unilateral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''One-Sided'' is the property of any Action that is performed by only one ''IntelligentAgent'' (Person or Organization) (i.e. a ''SingleDoerAction''). For 'unilateral' referring to Actions performed on one side of a PhysicalObject, ''Unilateral''. Corresponds to part (for Actions) of adjective sense 1 of 'one-sided' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unilateral, one-sided - (involving only one part or side; 'unilateral paralysis'; 'a unilateral decision') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :One-TimePayment :en "lump sum payment", "one-time payment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''One-TimePayment'' is a ''PayingWithMoney'' that is an alternative to a ''PayingPeriodically''. A ''One-TimePayment'' accomplishes the same reqirement as a ''PayingPeriodically'' for some interval of time, but occurs only once. The total of a ''One-TimePayment'' may be the same as the sum of ''One-TimePayment''s for the period covered, but may be less, if the provider of the service chooses to create an incentive for a ''One-TimePayment''. and may be more (as with pension paymets), if the provider of the payment chooses to create an incentive for a ''One-TimePayment'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :PayingWithMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Once ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ] . :One-Year :isAnAttributeValueOf :OneYear ; :pertainsTo :OneYear ; :wnsense "annual2adj", "one-year1adj" ; :wordnet "annual", "one-year" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OneYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for one year, or plans that specify Events over the course of one year. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'one-year' in Wordnet: 1. annual, one-year - (completing its life cycle within a year; \"a border of annual flowering plants\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :One-time :en "one-time" ; :enadj "one-time" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :One-TimePayment ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''One-time'' is the attribute some Event (usually an action) that occurs only once, as contrasted with Events that occur multiple times, such as ''ReiterativeActionSeries'', ''CyclicEventSeries'', ''ActionSeries'', ''RoutineAction'', or ''BroadcastSeries''. NO WN adjective for this - WN adverb 'once' is related. RHW adj'one-time': 2. occurring, done, or accomplished only once: his one-time try at elective office. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :One-way :contrastsWith :Two-way ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Motion, :Path-Generic ; :wnsense "one-way1adj" ; :wordnet "one-way" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'one-way' in Wordnet: 1. one-way - (moving or permitting movement in one direction only; 'one-way streets'; 'a one-way ticket') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OneAM a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OneAM'' is the class of TimeIntervals that begin and end at 1:00 AM the same day. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay . :OneBite :wnsense "bit7n", "bite2n", "morsel2n" ; :wordnet "bit", "bite", "morsel" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OneBite'' is a ''Mouthful'' of ''SolidFood''. For liquid or semiliquid foods, the parent type 'Mouthful' might be more appropriate. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bite' in WordNet: 2. (1) morsel, bit, bite (a small amount of solid food; a mouthful; 'all they had left was a bit of bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mouthful, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidFood ; owl:onProperty :isaMeasureOf ] . :OneCanadianDollar :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :dollarsCanadian ; a :MoneyMeasure . :OneCarbonAtom :hasObjectType :CarbonAtom ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :OneCentUS :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :centsUS ; a :MoneyMeasure . :OneCentury :hasQuantifier :N_100 ; :hasUnit :years ; :ldoce "century" ; :wnsense "century1n" ; :wordnet "century" ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 100 years. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'century' in WordNet: 1. (104) century - (a period of 100 years) """ . :OneCoulomb :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :coulombs ; a :ChargeMeasure ; rdfs:comment """SI electric charge measure. Symbol: C. It is the quantity of electric charge transported through a cross section of a conductor in an electric circuit during each 'OneSecond' by a current of 1 Ampere. Coulomb = s*A.""" . :OneDay :en "one day" ; :enn "one day" ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :days ; :ldoce "day" ; :relatedInternalConcept :Day ; :wnsense "day1n" ; :wordnet "day" ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 1 day. NOTE that this is a measure of time, a period of 24 hours, *not* a location in time that is a specific 'Hour'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'day' in WordNet: 1. (648) day, twenty-four hours, twenty-four hour period, 24-hour interval, solar day, mean solar day - (time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis; 'two days later they left'; 'they put on two performances every day'; 'there are 30,000 passengers per day') """ . :OneDecade :hasQuantifier :N_10 ; :hasUnit :years ; :wnsense "decade1n" ; :wordnet "decade" ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 10 years. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time that is a specific Decade. For example, 'the twenties\" is not an instance of this element, which is not a type. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'decade' in WordNet: 1. (25) decade, decennary, decennium - (a period of 10 years) """ . :OneDimensionalGeometricThing :guid "be482e94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$ShapeType and a specialization of both #$LinearObject and #$GeometricallyDescribableThing (qq.v.). #$OneDimensionalGeometricThing is the collection of all geometrically-decribable spatial things that have only one dimension - i.e. whose only relevant dimension is length (see #$lengthOfObject). This includes straight lines, (simple) curved lines, line segments, physical lines, and abstract (i.e. geometrical) lines. Note that in some cases a given object might be deemed to be one-, two-, or three-dimensional, depending upon the context. For instance, a thin piece of wire might be treated as one-dimensional in some contexts, due to the fact that its diameter or thickness is many orders of magnitude smaller than its length. Yet in another, smaller scale context the wire might be treated as cylindrical, and thus three-dimensional. Specializations of this collection include #$LinearObject-Straight and #$LinePortion. Cf. #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing and #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :LinearObject, :ShapedThing . :OneDollar :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :dollars ; a :MoneyMeasure . :OneDollarBill :wnsense "buck2n", "clam2n", "dollar bill1n", "dollar3n", "one dollar bill1n" ; :wordnet "buck", "clam", "dollar", "dollar bill", "one dollar bill" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OneDollarBill' is a CurrencyBill that has a value of one US dollar. Other currency dollar notes will have a different label.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'one dollar bill' in WordNet: 1. dollar, dollar bill, one dollar bill, buck, clam - (a piece of paper money worth one dollar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurrencyBill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneDollar ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :OneFoot :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :feet ; :isEquivalentTo :TwelveInches ; :ldoce "foot" ; :wnsense "foot1n" ; :wordnet "foot" ; a :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'LengthMeasure' with a value of '1 feet'. NOTE that this is a measure of length, *not* a region location in space that has a length of one foot. The entry 'FootLength' is not an instance of LengthMeasure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foot' in WordNet: 1. (740) foot, ft - (a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard; 'he is six feet tall') """ . :OneGallon :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :usGallons ; a :VolumeMeasure . :OneGram a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A measure equal to one gram, the SI unit of mass." ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :grams ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :N_1 ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ] . :OneGramPerMilliliter :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :gramsPerMilliliter ; a :MassDensityMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An instance of DensityMeasure, equal to a density of one gram per one milliliter. """ . :OneHour :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :hours ; :ldoce "hour" ; :wnsense "hour1n" ; :wordnet "hour" ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 1 hour. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time that is a specific 'Hour'. The WordNet 'hour' sense 1 does not distinguish between any measure of one hour and a specific interval of one hour in a day, so the TimeInterval entry 'Hour' is also labeled by sense 1. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'hour' in WordNet: 1. (93) hour, hr, 60 minutes - (a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day; 'the job will take more than an hour') """ . :OneHundredDollars :hasQuantifier :N_100 ; :hasUnit :dollars ; a :AvailableQuantity, :MoneyMeasure . :OneHundredYards :en "100 yards", "one hundred yards" ; :hasQuantifier :N_100 ; :hasUnit :yards ; a :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:comment """''OneHundredYards'' is an instance of 'LengthMeasure' with a value of '100 yards' - used to specify the length of a FootballField, notincluding the end zones. """ . :OneHydrogenAtom :hasObjectType :HydrogenAtom ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :OneInch :en "1 inch", "one inch" ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :inches ; :wnsense "inch1n" ; :wordnet "inch" ; a :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'LengthMeasure' with a value of '1 inches'. NOTE that this is a measure of length, *not* a region location in space that has a length of one inch. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'inch' in WordNet: 1. (57) inch, in - (a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot) """ . :OneLightYear :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :light-years ; :isEquivalentTo :N_5880BillionMiles ; a :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'LengthMeasure' with a value of '1 feet'. NOTE that this is a measure of length, *not* a region location in space that has a length of one foot. """ . :OneMillimeter :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :millimeters ; :wnsense "millimeter1n", "millimetre1n", "mm1n" ; :wordnet "millimeter", "millimetre", "mm" ; a :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'LengthMeasure' with a value of '1 millieter'. NOTE that this is a measure of length, *not* a region or location in space that has a length of one milimeter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millimeter' in WordNet: 1. (3) millimeter, millimetre, mm - (a metric unit of length equal to one thousandth of a meter) """ . :OneMinute :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :minutes ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 1 minute. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time that is a specific second. Identical in value (length of time) to the UnitOfMeasure 'minutes'. Equal to 1 minute of time. 60 minutes = 1 hour. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minute' in WordNet: 1. (83) minute, min - (a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour; 'he ran a 4 minute mile') """ . :OneNitrogenAtom :hasObjectType :NitrogenAtom ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :OneOnOne :isAnAttributeValueOf :Competition, :Teaching ; :wnsense "man-to-man2adj", "one-on-one1adj", "one-on-one2adj" ; :wordnet "man-to-man", "one-on-one" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OneOnOne'' is person-to-person (as opposed to team vs. team or one to many, as in classroom Teaching).. The two WN senses might be differentiated. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'one-on-one' in Wordnet: 1. one-on-one - (directly between two individuals; 'one-on-one instruction') 2. one-on-one, man-to-man - (being a system of play in which an individual defensive player guards an individual offensive player; 'one-on-one defense') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OneOrHigherDimensionalThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality and a specialization of #$SpatialThing, each instance of which is either a one- or two- or three- (or higher-) dimensional spatial object. Examples include tangible or intangible spatially-localized dimensional objects, such as the edge of a tabletop, the surface of the tabletop, and the table itself, as well as abstract geometrical objects that are at least one-dimensional, such as a Platonic circle or cube. Specializations of this collection include #$ExtendedSpaceRegion, #$ShapedThing, and #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialThing . :OneOrTwoDimensional :hasQuantifier :N_1, :N_2 ; a :DimensionalityValue ; rdfs:comment """'OneOrTwoDimensional'' is used as the DmensionalityValue for Types whose instances could take either value of diensonality. """ . :OneOrTwoDimensionalSpaceRegion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OneOrTwoDimensionalSpaceRegion'' is a spatial region including lines and surfaces but nothingnof higher dimension - no volumes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OneOrHigherDimensionalThing ; owl:disjointWith :VolumeOfSpace . :OneOxygenAtom :hasObjectType :OxygenAtom ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :OnePace :wnsense "footstep3n", "pace1n", "step2n", "stride2n" ; :wordnet "footstep", "pace", "step", "stride" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OnePace'' is a verbal UnitOfMeasure that is equal to the distance covered by one ''Footstep'' (usually for a person). his will vary with the person and rate of walking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pace' in WordNet: 2. (6) footstep, pace, step, stride - (the distance covered by a step; 'he stepped off ten paces from the old tree and began to dig') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfLength . :OnePerSquareMile :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :perSquareMile ; a :NumericalDensityMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An instance of DensityMeasure, equal to a density of one individal per SquareMile. """ . :OnePerson :en "one person" ; :enn "one person" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OnePerson'' is a single ''Person'' specifically defined as being only one Person. This is an example of a ''Group'' that has only one component element. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CARD_1 ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinality ] . :OnePhosphorusAtom :hasObjectType :PhosphorusAtom ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :OnePieceOfFabric :hasObjectType :FabricObject ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :OnePoint :en "one point" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OnePoint'' is a quantity of one point aquired by one ''ScoringPoints'' Action, as in a ''ScoringaRun'' in Baseball.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GamePoints, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :OnePulse :en "one pulse", "pulsating sensation" ; :enn "one pulse", "pulsating sensation" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OnePulse'' is an Event that occurs inside the body of an Animal (most saliently in a Person) that can be detected as a brief internal ''BodySensation''. Examples are a single HeartBeat, or one pulse of a 'plsating headache'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySensation, :FunctionalEvent, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :OneSecond :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :seconds ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 1 second. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time that is a specific second. Identical in value (length of time) to the UnitOfMeasure 'seconds'. Equal to 1 second of time. 60 seconds = 1 minute. SUMO: SI TimeDuration. Symbol: s. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the SecondDuration is the duration of 9192631770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'second' in WordNet: 1. (24) second, sec, s - (1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites) """ . :OneThousandDollars :hasQuantifier :N_1000 ; :hasUnit :dollars ; :isaRequiredResourceFor :CashBuying ; a :DesiredQuantity, :MoneyMeasure . :OneThousandYears :hasQuantifier :N_1000 ; :hasUnit :years ; :wnsense "millennium1n" ; :wordnet "millennium" ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 1000 years. This is a bare interva of time, and can start at any time point, not necessarily at calendar years that are multiples of 1000. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'millennium' in WordNet: 1. (4) millennium, millenary - (a span of 1000 years) """ . :OneUp :isAnAttributeValueOf :Competitor, :LegalAgent, :Team ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being ''OneUp'' is being ''Ahead'' in a Contest by one point or some similar small measure. RHW 'one up': 1. having gained an advantage in some way that betokens success, esp. over rivals. 2. leading an opponent by one point or one scoring unit: The home team was one up on the visitors. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ahead . :OneUpping :en "one-up" ; :eng "one-upping" ; :env "one-up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OneUpping'' is an Action in which one Competitor becomes slightly ahead of the opposing competitor. RHW 'one-up': to get the better of; succeed in being a point, move, step, etc., ahead of (someone): They one-upped the competition. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingOneUp ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :OneWeek :en "one week" ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasUnit :weeks ; :ldoce "week" ; :wnsense "week1n" ; :wordnet "week" ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 1 weeks - *not* some specific week which would be an instance of 'TimeInterval'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'week' in WordNet: 1. (400) week, hebdomad - (any period of seven consecutive days; 'it rained for a week') """ . :OneYear :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; a :TimeDuration-Years ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration-Years' with a value of 1 year. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :OneYearOldChild :en "one year old" ; :enn "one year old" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneYear ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :Onerous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Encumbrance, :Obligation ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Effortful ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Concern ; :wnsense "burdensome1adj", "onerous1adj", "taxing1adj" ; :wordnet "burdensome", "onerous", "taxing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Onerous'' is a more intense degree of ''Effortful' for duties imposing substantial psychological concern. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'onerous' in Wordnet: 1. burdensome, onerous, taxing - (not easily borne; wearing; 'the burdensome task of preparing the income tax return'; 'my duties weren't onerous; I only had to greet the guests'; 'a taxing schedule') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effortful . :Ongoing :en "in progress" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event, :FunctionalProcess ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :RealExistence ; :wnsense "afoot2adj", "continuing1adj", "on-going1adj", "ongoing1adj", "underway1adj" ; :wordnet "afoot", "continuing", "on-going", "ongoing", "underway" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ongoing'' is the attribute of an Event or Process that proceeded in the immediate past and has not stopped as of the time the attribute was asserted. 'The parade was still ongoing when the Mayor left' 'continuing education' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ongoing' and sense 1 of 'continung' in WordNet: 1. ongoing, on-going - (currently happening; 'an ongoing economic crisis') WN adj 'Continuing': 1. (7) continuing - (remaining in force or being carried on without letup; 'the act provided a continuing annual appropriation'; 'the continuing struggle to put food on the table') WN adj 'underway': 1. (9) afoot, underway - (currently in progress; 'there is mischief afoot'; 'plans are afoot'; 'preparations for the trial are underway') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Existing . :Onion-Bulb :guid "bd58edc7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :OnionPlant ; :ldoce "onion" ; :wnsense "onion1n" ; :wordnet "onion" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An individual onion; the enlarged bulbs of the onion plant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'onion' in WordNet: 1. onion - (edible bulb of an onion plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bulb-ThePlantPart, :LayeredObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Onions ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OnionPlant ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :OnionPlant :guid "bd58c867-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "onion" ; :wnsense "onion2n" ; :wordnet "onion" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual onion plants. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'onion' in WordNet: 2. onion, onion plant, Allium cepa - (bulbous plant having hollow leaves cultivated worldwide for its rounded edible bulb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :LilyOrder, :Species, :Vegetable-Plant . :Onions :CYC "Onion-Foodstuff" ; :en "onions" ; :enn "onions" ; :isDerivedFrom :Onion-Bulb ; :wnsense "onion3n" ; :wordnet "onion" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In cyc called 'Onion-Foodstuff'. Note that this is a substance: an individual Onion is represented by 'Onion'. NOTE that this substance is usually a collection of pieces of onions, so it does not have an 'Onion' as its unit object. Cyc: 'Onion-Foodstuff'; Foodstuff from the edible bulb of the onion plant. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'onion' in WordNet: 3. onion - (an aromatic flavorful bulb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LachrymationInducingStuff, :Vegetable-Food . :OnlineEncyclopedia a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Encyclopedia' that is maintained on one or more Internet sites.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Encyclopedia, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OnLine ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Onlooker :ldoce "witness" ; :wnsense "looker-on1n", "looker1n", "onlooker1n", "spectator1n", "viewer1n", "watcher1n", "witness2n" ; :wordnet "looker", "looker-on", "onlooker", "spectator", "viewer", "watcher", "witness" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Onlooker' is an 'Observer' who was intentionally observing an Action in person, near the site of the Action, but was not a participant in the Action that was observed; this disjointness can only be applied to participants in a specific Event, as a Person can be a participant in one Event and an onlooker in another. This includes casual viewing of near or remote events such as television programs or other entertainment, as well as any member of an audience viewing an Event directly from a nearby location. For someone who looks on and participates one can use 'Observer' along with 'hasParticipant'; for some actions, onc can participate without actually observing (e.g. listening in on a video conference), so there is no necessary connection. NOTE that an 'Onlooker' only becomes a COSMO 'Witness' if s/he informs someone else of what was observed. The English word 'witness' is ambiguous between being or not being an Informant. Includes sense 1 of 'onlooker' and sense 2 of 'witness' and sense 1 of 'spectator' and sense 1 of 'viewer' in WordNet: WN noun 'onlooker': 1. (3) onlooker, looker-on - (someone who looks on) WN noun 'witness': 2. (3) spectator, witness, viewer, watcher, looker - (a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind); 'the spectators applauded the performance'; 'television viewers'; 'sky watchers discovered a new star') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Observer . :Only :ldoce "only" ; :wnsense "lone3adj", "only1adj", "sole2adj", "solitary4adj" ; :wordnet "lone", "only", "sole", "solitary" ; a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'Only' is a verbal quantifier that expresses the notion that the type modified by this quantifier has one instance, and that instance is the item in focus in the assertion. e.g. 'an only child' says that that child has no siblings. This is 'only' used as an adjective. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'only' and adj sense 2 of 'sole' in WordNet: 1. lone, lonesome, only, sole, solitary - (being the only one; single and isolated from others; 'the lone doctor in the entire county'; 'a lonesome pine'; 'an only child'; 'the sole heir'; 'the sole example'; 'a solitary instance of cowardice'; 'a solitary speck in the sky') """ . :Onomatopoeia :wnsense "onomatopoeia1n" ; :wordnet "onomatopoeia" ; a :ActionType, :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Onomatopoeia'' is a ''RhetoricalManeuver'' RHW 'onomatopoeia': 1. the formation of a word, as cuckoo or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent. 2. a word so formed. 3. Rhet. the use of imitative and naturally suggestive words for rhetorical effect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'onomatopoeia' in WordNet: 1. onomatopoeia - (using words that imitate the sound they denote) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RhetoricalManeuver, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Similarity ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Word ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :OnsetOfAnAilment :wnsense "oncoming1n", "onset1n" ; :wordnet "oncoming", "onset" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''OnsetOfAnAilment'' is the first temporal part of some ''AilmentCondition''. For a sudden onset use ''AttackOfAnAilment''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'onset' in WordNet: 1. (42) onset, oncoming - (the beginning or early stages; 'the onset of pneumonia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeginningOfAnEvent, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AilmentCondition ) ] ] . :Onstage :isAnAttributeValueOf :ActorActress, :EntertainmentPerformance, :StageProp ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt :StageForPerformances ; :pertainsTo :StageForPerformances ; :wnsense "onstage1adj" ; :wordnet "onstage" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Onstage'' is an attribute of objects or events located on or occurring on a ''StageForPerformances''. relate to 'isTypicallyLocatedAt'or 'occursAt' @ToDo ??needs: isAnAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt (for objects or actions) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'onstage' in Wordnet: 1. onstage - (situated or taking place on the area of a stage visible to the audience) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :Ontology :guid "bfb0ff10-1487-41d8-8b32-ea07edd0b629" ; :wnsense "ontology1n" ; :wordnet "ontology" ; a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Ontology, as used in this classification, is a Group of Assertions ('axioms') describing an arrangement of terms in data structures, and representing a structured system of concepts that constitute a theory of something. The Axioms in an ''Ontology'' must be coherent, i.e. they must be consistent with every other ''Axiom'' in the Ontology, or any combination of axioms, as verified by a theorem prover. An Ontology is a logical description of some ''PossibleWorld''. Different ''Ontology''s will describe different ''PossibleWorld''s, which can be very small or very large. The difference between an ontology and a general notion of some field is the precise definition of the meanings of the relations between the component parts of the ontology. An ontology includes: (1) a set of Types arranged in an inheritance taxonomy; (2) individual things that are instances of those Types; (3) formal Relations specifying how the Types are related to each other, how instances of Types may be related to each other, and what Types and instances may be related by which formal Relations; (4) logical rules that provide more detailed descriptions of the meanings of the types and relations; (5)a subclass of rules that specifically restrict the usage of relations ('restrictions'). An ontology may have 'functions', relations that 'return' (can be replaced by) instances of the types. and may have multipe-arity relations, depending on the expressivity of the logic that forms the bass for the ontology. Ontologies based on OWL (as is the COSMO ontology) have neither functions nor multipe-arity relations. This restriction is accepted at this first stage of ontology development to allow efficient proof of the coherence (internal consistency) of the ontology. In one sense, an Ontology may be a BeliefSystem for whatever Agent actually considers the Ontology close enough to reality to be worth using for practical purposes. But not every Ontology is such a BeliefSystem, so we do not create the formal link to 'BeliefSystem' at this point. CYC: The collection of organized conceptual structures in which types of things form a generalization hierarchy and in which properties are defined to hold between instances of the types of things. An example is the the #$Cyc ontology. NOTE: the WordNet 'ontology' is the branch of metaphysics, but this type is specifically for a Ontology suitable for reasoning. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'ontology' in WordNet, in that this type includes data structures suitable for automated logical inference i.e. a computational ontology, such as this one ('COSMO'): in WordNet: 1. ontology - (the metaphysical study of the nature of being and existence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :KnowledgeClassificationSystem, :SemanticNetwork, :Theory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Axiom ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Oops :en "oops" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oops'' is a suddenly emitted word expressing surprise and disappointment at having made a mistake of some kind. RHW: oops interj.: (used to express mild dismay, chagrin, surprise, etc., as at one's own mistake, a clumsy act, or social blunder.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :Op-EdPage :en "op-ed page" ; :enn "op-ed page" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Op-EdPage'' is a ''NewspaperPage'' that appears on the page opposite the 'editorial page' in some ''NewspaperCopy''. This contains opinion pieces from columnists and comments from readers. The op-ed articles can be contained in space more or less than one full page. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NewspaperPage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewspaperCopy ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Opal :wnsense "opal1n" ; :wordnet "opal" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The mineral (''stone'') substance 'opal', that is a translucent milky white with various kinds of inclusions that cause a multicolored appearance, varying with the angle at which it is viewed. The WN synset gloss suggests it is a 'mineral' (a substance), but the entry has 'gemstone' as a parent. The WN synset will be used for both senses. Corresponds to part (for the mneral substance) of noun sense 1 of 'opal' in WordNet: 1. opal - (a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opalescent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Translucent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OpalGem :wnsense "opal1n" ; :wordnet "opal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A polished piece of the substance 'opal', stone that is milky with various kinds of inclusions that cause a multicolored appearance, varying with the angle at which it is viewed. This corresponds to sense 3 of 'opal' in RHW: 1. a mineral, an amorphous form of silica, SiO2 with some water of hydration, found in many varieties and colors, including a form that is milky white. 2. an iridescent variety of this that is used as a gem. 3. a gem of this. The WN synset gloss suggests it is a 'mineral' (a substance), but the entry has 'gemstone' as a parent. The WN synset will be used for both senses. Corresponds to part (for the gemstone) of noun sense 1 of 'opal' in WordNet: 1. opal - (a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gemstone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opalescent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Opalescent :isTheOppositeOf :Monochromatic ; :wnsense "nacreous2adj", "opalescent1adj", "opaline1adj", "pearlescent1adj" ; :wordnet "nacreous", "opalescent", "opaline", "pearlescent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Opalescent'' is a special kind of ''MultiColored'' in which the Object appears to have a different color depending on the angle from which it is viewed, but differing from ''Iridescent'' in that the light penetrates into the object,and the colors come from inside, muted by an overall 'milky'' appearance of the object. Similar to what is seen in 'opal' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'iridescent' in Wordnet: 1. (1) iridescent, nacreous, opalescent, opaline, pearlescent - (having a play of lustrous rainbow-like colors; 'an iridescent oil slick'; 'nacreous (or pearlescent) clouds looking like mother-of-pearl'; 'a milky opalescent (or opaline) luster') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiColored . :Opaque :wnsense "opaque1adj" ; :wordnet "opaque" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of being Opaque, i.e. of not permitting light to pass through. Specifying this can be useful in rendering objects in images, but perhaps it should be the default? NOTE that this is a ColorAttribute, and objects and substances can possess this attribute while also possessing other color attributes. COSMO note: Opacity is an attribute only of objects that have a certain size, or of solid substances; at molecular dimensions, almost nothing will absorb all of the light impinging on it. Cyc comment: #$Opaque is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency. #$Opaque objects do not transmit light. See also #$transparencyOfObject. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'opaque' in Wordnet: 1. (3) opaque - (not clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy; 'opaque windows of the jail'; 'opaque to X-rays') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :OpaqueObject :guid "bd5138d4-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Opacity is an attribute only of objects that have a certain size; at molecular dimensions, almost nothing will absorb all of the light impinging on it. Cyc comment: #$Opaque is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency. #$Opaque objects do not transmit light. See also #$transparencyOfObject.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:PhysicalObject [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opaque ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] ) ] . :OpaqueSubstance a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Opacity is an attribute only of objects that have a certain size, or of substances that by definition have some minimum size; at molecular dimensions, almost nothing will absorb all of the light impinging on it.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:PhysicalSubstance [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opaque ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] ) ] . :Open :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Portal ; :isTheOppositeOf :Closed ; :ldoce "open" ; :wnsense "open1adj", "open2adj", "unfastened2adj" ; :wordnet "open", "unfastened" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue *only* of Portals that have no barrier to things passing through, or to PortalCoverings that are in a position such that they do not block passage through the portal, or to Containers that have a portal that is not blocked to entry or exit. This also includes paths that are not blocked, as in roads or pipes (this is a distinguishable subsense @ToDo - add whenever needed). This is the most general sense of 'open'. Oher senses such as a path that is 'open for passage' or a building whiose doors are not locked, or a location that is 'open to the public' - still need to be created as separate senses.@ToDo. ToDo: 'open' relative to a lock? Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'open' in WordNet: 1. (34) open, unfastened - (affording unobstructed entrance and exit; not shut or closed; 'an open door'; 'they left the door open') 2. (17) open - (affording free passage or access; 'open drains'; 'the road is open to traffic'; 'open ranks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Open-Ended :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Limitation, :Restriction ; :wnsense "open-ended1adj" ; :wordnet "open-ended" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'open-ended' in Wordnet: 1. (1) open-ended - (without fixed limits or restrictions; 'an open-ended discussion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OpenArea :en "open area" ; :guid "c10adc8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An outdoor space, exposed to the sky, where things can move unimpeded in any direction for some distance greater than the area of a room (more than 10 square meters). As big as a nationalparkor assmal as a courtyard in a city surrounded by a multistorey building./////// Trees can be present, and do not count against the notion of being 'exposed to the sky'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandArea . :OpenCyc :hasTopic :Communication ; :wasCreatedBy :Cyclists ; a :Ontology ; rdfs:comment "The OpenCyc ontology - some version, usually 0.7 or 0.78 (OWL).." . :OpenExpanse :wnsense "expanse3n" ; :wordnet "expanse" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This could refer to an Area, as on land of sea or in the Air. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'expanse' in WordNet: 3. expanse - (a wide and open space or area as of surface or land or sky) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wide ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OpenMinded :isTheOppositeOf :ClosedMinded ; :wnsense "open-minded1adj", "receptive1adj" ; :wordnet "open-minded", "receptive" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Receptive to new ideas, even if those ideas contradict a Person's present beliefs or feelings. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'open-minded' in Wordnet: 1. open-minded - (ready to entertain new ideas; 'an open-minded curiosity'; 'open-minded impartiality') WN adjective 'receptive': 1. (1) receptive - (open to arguments, ideas, or change; 'receptive to reason and the logic of facts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curious, :Receptive . :OpenSidedSupportingObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OpenSidedSupportingObjectType'' is a ''SupportingObject'' whose side are 'open', i.e. do not have solid vertical barriers to keep supported objects from falling off. Beds and some flat-bed vehicles are included.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType . :OpenTopContainer a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container artifact that is designed to hold objects or fluids, and has an opening at the top that is a substantial fraction of the maximum width. and is not designed to be stoppered firmly, as by a cap- but it may be closed temporarily for shipping as in a ''Bag'' that is sewn shut. This is mostly for cups, glasses, and vases, but can also include carafes that have top openings narrower than the maximum width. It also includes steins and cups and pails that have lids that are fit only by gravity on the top. The notion of 'open top' means that it is used when the lid (if any) is not on it. However, Jars with screw-on lids are not included (how to distinguish?). One unique specialization of OpenTopContainer is the LowerCrust of a Pie, which may or may not have a lid (the UpperCrust). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact . :Opener :guid "f4ca033a-3a18-41d7-84b1-aeba6d2177df" ; :wnsense "opener3n" ; :wordnet "opener" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Opener'' is a ''HandTool'' designed for opening containers such as cans or bottles. This includes but is not restricted to can openers, bottle openers, and letter openers. In CYC this is a 'PoweredDevice'' but in COSMO it is a ''HandTool' which may or may not be powered. CYC 'Opener-Device': The collection of all devices used to open things, especially containers. Specs include #$ManualCanOpener, #$ElectricCanOpener and #$LetterOpener. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'opener' in WordNet: 3. opener - (a hand tool used for opening sealed containers (bottles or cans)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpeningSomething ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Opening :wnsense "gap2n", "opening1n" ; :wordnet "gap", "opening" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any space, penetrating a PhysicalObject, or between two objects, that could serve as a path for something. This is a very general concept, including gaps between mountains and the perforations on the top of a pepper shaker. It also includes ''Portal''s into open-air locations such as ''ParkingLot''s. Note that this penetrates a single completely,so a ''Hole'' that goes partway into an object is not a subtype. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'opening' and sense 2 of 'gap' in WordNet: 1. (5) opening, gap - (an open or empty space in or between things; 'there was a small opening between the trees'; 'the explosion made a gap in the wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Simple, :Path-Spatial, :PhysicalFeature . :OpeningAContainerArtifact :en "opening a container" ; :enn "opening a container" ; :guid "bd58d36c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which an #$isa #$ContainerArtifact is opened by an Agent. NOTE that the #$ContainerArtifact is the #$objectOfStateChange, and that each such object has at least one portal, presumably with a portal covering. So #$OpeningAContainerArtifact means removing the portal covering from the portal (one of the portals) of a container product. The portal of a container product can be either explicitly marked (as with an 'open this end' notice on a box), or implicit but conventionally understood (as with the top or lid of a tin can) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpeningSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :ContainerArtifact ] . :OpeningADoor :en "opening a door" ; :enn "opening a door" ; :guid "bd58bf5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a door is opened. The #$Portal is treated as an #$objectOfStateChange in such an event, and the #$DoorInABuilding at that #$Portal is an #$objectActedOn. The room or building to which the portal provides access (which is a #$ContainerProduct) is also an #$objectOfStateChange. NOTE: 'OpeningaDoor'' often but not always involve ''TurningOnaHinge''; opening an overhead garage door is a different kind of process. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpeningAContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Door ] . :OpeningADrawer :en "open a drawer", "opening a drawer" ; :guid "bd58bbc9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a #$Drawer is pulled open. The #$ContainerProduct the drawer is a part of is also an #$objectActedOn in the event. Such objects tend to have one or more drawers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpeningAContainerArtifact, :PullingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drawer ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ] . :OpeningAnAccount :en "open an account", "opening an account" ; :wnsense "open up5v", "open2v" ; :wordnet "open", "open up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OpeningAnAccount'' is a 'MakingTwoAgentAgreement' that produces an ''Account'', This is a 'two agent agreement' but either agent could be a GroupOfPeople or an Organization. Thes closest WN sense of 'open' is verb sense 2,,but that also includes establishing a business and re-opening the doors of a business after closing for the night. That WN sense is nevertheless included here, as it does have some overlap: Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'open' in WordNet: 2. (45) open, open up - (start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning; 'open a business') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaTwoAgentAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Account ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyTransaction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :OpeningChampagne :en "opening a bottle of champagne", "popping the cork", "uncork" ; :eng "uncorking" ; :guid "bd58addf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Opening a bottle of Champagne (or any sparkling wine) - not necessarily in a bottle with a cork stopper. NOTE: champagne bottles usually have corks, and 'uncorking' a champagne bottle can refer to champagne bottles that do not have corks. This is not necessarily true of a 'sparkling wine'. Includes but is broader than verb sense 2 of 'uncork' in WordNet: 2. uncork - (draw the cork from (bottles); \"uncork the French wine\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpeningAContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottleOfChampagne ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :OpeningSomething :guid "bd58d945-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "open" ; :wnsense "open up1v", "open1v" ; :wordnet "open", "open up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which some agent opens some physical object using tools or a physical or anatomical part. Not all of the entries on the #$objectOfStateChange slot of a particular #$OpeningSomething event necessarily have portals or portal coverings (think, for example, of opening a coconut or a watermelon). So at this most general level, #$OpeningSomething just means gaining access to the 'inside' of some object through an 'outer' layer or portion. However, see the English of #$OpeningAContainerArtifact. COSMO note: this is also used to 'open' a Lock, i.e. to unlock it, so that the protected contents can be accessed. It does not necessarily mean that the container itself is opened so as to provide a path to the interior. Represents the transitive verb senses 1 of 'open'; for the intransitive sense see ''BecomingOpen'': in WordNet: 1. (68) open, open up - (cause to open or to become open; 'Mary opened the car door') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingOpen ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :OpeningTime :en "opening time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OpeningTime' the TimePoint that is specified by a business as the TimePoint at which they open for business on business days. This may vary with the day of the week.. hour, time of day """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimePoint, :RelativeTime, :TimeOfDay . :OpeningaBankAccount :en "open a bank account", "opening a bank account" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OpeningaBankAccount' is an ''OpeningAnAccount'' in which (or both) of the agents involved is a ''BankOrganization'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpeningAnAccount, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :BankAccount ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BankAccount ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BankAccount ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OfferingaBankAccount ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OfferingaBankAccount ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BankAndCustomer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :OpeningaBottle :en "open a bottle", "opening a bottle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OpeningaBottle'' usually refers to opening an unopened bottle containing some kind of liquid contents. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpeningAContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bottle ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :OpeningaPlaceOfBusiness :en "open the doors" ; :ldoce "open" ; :wnsense "open up5v", "open2v" ; :wordnet "open", "open up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OpeningaPlaceOfBusiness' is an Action in which some Person opens the doors of a business or office or other place of public accommodation **after a temporary closing, as for the night** to allow other people to come in and take advantage of the service provided by the place of business. This also includes 'opening the doors' literally or figuratively to customers for the first tme, *after* the business was established in an ''EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness'' Action. 'Business' here is any kind of service, whether or not for a fee or for profit. This sense answers the question 'when does the office open?'. This is the first time mentioned in 'office hours from ?T1 to ?T2'. This is *not* for the sense of some enterprise becoming established and beginning to do business for the first time (use ''EstablishingOrOperatingaBusiness''). This is the converse of 'ClosingaPlaceOfbusiness' e.g. 'We open every day at 8 AM, and close at 6 PM'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'open' in WordNet; however it is not clear if the WordNet sense includes 'beginning to do business for the first time', which is not included in this COSMO sense. in WordNet: 2. (45) open, open up - (start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning; 'open a business') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpeningTime ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :OpeningaScrewCapContainer :wnsense "unscrew1v", "unscrew2v" ; :wordnet "unscrew" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OpeningaScrewCapContainer' is an Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') screws the cap or lid **off** a screw-capped bottle or jar or other screw-capped container (a 'ContainerWithTopCap'). The individual 'ContainerWithTopCap' must be specified. This is usually done by hand, but may be helped by gripping devices. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'unscrew' in WordNet: 2. (1) unscrew - (loosen by turning; 'unscrew the bottle cap') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpeningAContainerArtifact, :UnscrewingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScrewTopCap ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :ContainerWithTopCap ] . :Openly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :PubliclyKnown ; :wnsense "openly1adv" ; :wordnet "openly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Openly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' and ''AdverbialModifier'' that can modify Actions and QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that the Action modified was not performed in secret, or that some commmunication was performed without trying to make it private or secret, or the Attribute is not being hidden. 'openly hostile' Correspond to adverb sense 1 of'openly' in WordNet: 1. (13) openly - (in an open way; 'he openly flaunted his affection for his sister') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbialModifier . :Openness :wnsense "openness1n" ; :wordnet "openness" ; a :GroupType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Openness'' is a ''SpatialArangement'' of outdoor objects in which the distance between objects that could obscure a view of things at a larger distance or block passage betwee them is greater than the sizes of the objects. Needs more examples. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'openness' in WordNet: 1. openness - (without obstructions to passage or view; 'the openness of the prairies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialArangement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelativeLocation ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Opera :wnsense "opera1n" ; :wordnet "opera" ; a :ActionType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Opera'' is a form of ''ClassicalMusic'' that is played and sung in accompaniment to a ''Drama''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'opera' in WordNet: 1. (10) opera - (a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClassicalMusic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :DramaticPerformance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Singing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrchestraMusic ] . :OperaStar :wnsense "opera star1n", "operatic star1n" ; :wordnet "opera star", "operatic star" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OperaStar'' is a ''ProfessionalSinger'' who is acclaimed for her/his skill at singing in operas. Corresponds aproximately to noun sense 1 of 'opera star' in WordNet: 1. opera star, operatic star - (singer of lead role in an opera) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FamousHuman, :ProfessionalSinger, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Singing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Operating :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :FunctioningOfaDevice ; :wnsense "in operation1adj", "operating2adj", "running7adj", "working4adj" ; :wordnet "in operation", "operating", "running", "working" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Devices that are (at the time it is attributed) performing their design function (working, running); for devices capable of performing that function, use ''Functional''. For devices that are electrical devices that are turned on (powered up) but not actually performing their design function,use ''TurnedOn''. No WordNet sense has a close meaning, but this sense seems to be included in adjective sense 2 of 'operating' in WordNet: 2. operational, in operation, operating - (being in effect or operation; 'de facto apartheid is still operational even in the 'new' African nations'- Leslie Marmon Silko; 'bus service is in operation during the emergency'; 'the company had several operating divisions') WN adj 'working: 4. (1) running, operative, functional, working - ((of e.g. a machine) performing or capable of performing; 'in running (or working) order'; 'a functional set of brakes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OperatingPrinciple :en "operating mechanism", "operating principle" ; :enn "operating mechanism", "operating principle" ; :wnsense "principle6n" ; :wordnet "principle" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''OperatingPrinciple'' is a CausalExplanation of how a 'Device'' achieves its design function. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'principle' in WordNet: 6. (2) rationale, principle - ((law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature); 'the rationale for capital punishment'; 'the principles of internal-combustion engines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rationale . :OperatingaPoweredDevice :ldoce "operate" ; :wnsense "operate3v" ; :wordnet "operate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'OperatingaPoweredDevice' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent controls a Device that has some source of power other than the force applied by the muscles of the person operating it. This can be for driving vehicles, using powered saws or hedgecutters, jackhammers, drills, or any other Device that has some non-human source of power. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'operate' in WordNet: 3. (14) operate, control - (handle and cause to function; 'do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol'; 'control the lever') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :SelfPoweredDevice ] . :Operation :ldoce "operation" ; :wnsense "operation2n" ; :wordnet "operation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for collaborative activities that extend over more than ''TwoHours'', including the phase of planning (''PlanningAnOperation'') and preparing and execution. For the medical sense of 'operation' use 'Surgery'. NOTE: the term 'op' is a shortened form of 'operation' used in some phrases such as 'black ops'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'operation' in WordNet: 2. (276) operation - (a planned activity involving many people performing various actions; 'they organized a rescue operation'; 'the biggest police operation in French history'; 'running a restaurant is quite an operation'; 'consolidate the companies various operations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollaborativeProject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoHours ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDuration ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlanningAnOperation ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlanForAnOperation ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :Ophthalmologist :guid "bd5889d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eye doctor1n", "oculist2n", "ophthalmologist1n" ; :wordnet "eye doctor", "oculist", "ophthalmologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Ophthalmologists are doctors who specialize in the structure, functions, and diseases of the eye. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ophthalmologist' in WordNet: 1. ophthalmologist, eye doctor, oculist - (a medical doctor specializing in the treatment of diseases of the eye) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ophthalmology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Ophthalmology :wnsense "ophthalmology1n" ; :wordnet "ophthalmology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ophthalmology' in WordNet: 1. ophthalmology - (the branch of medicine concerned with the eye and its diseases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ophthalmologist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Opiate :wnsense "opiate1n" ; :wordnet "opiate" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'Opiate' vs.'opioid': ===================== \" Opiates have powerful analgesic effects, and are widely synthesized for use in drugs.\" \" Among prescription drugs, opioids (synthetic opiates) are pain killers, and among the most popular prescription drugs. \" The terms 'opiate' and 'opiod' are sometimes used interchangeably, but sith synthetc opiates no popular as painkillers, the term 'opioid' has acquired the meaning of 'synthetic' opiate' Both natural and synthetic opiates work by binding to 'opioid receptors' in the brain. ------ From Merriam-Webster online: opiate: 1a : a drug (such as morphine or codeine) containing or derived from opium and tending to induce sleep and alleviate pain broadly : narcotic sense 1a b : opioid sense 1 opioid: 1 : any of a group of endogenous neural polypeptides (such as an endorphin or enkephalin) that bind especially to opiate receptors and mimic some of the pharmacological properties of opiates called also opioid peptide 2 : a synthetic drug possessing narcotic properties similar to opiates but not derived from opium broadly : opiate sense 1a ================ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'opiate' in WordNet: 1. opiate - (a narcotic drug that contains opium or an opium derivative) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddictiveSubstance, :Alkaloid, :NarcoticDrug, :OrganicCompound, :PsychoactiveAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opium ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ] . :Opining :en "express an opinion" ; :eng "expressing an opinion", "opining", "sounding off" ; :env "express an opinion" ; :wnsense "opine1v", "sound off1v", "speak up1v" ; :wordnet "opine", "sound off", "speak up" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Opining'' is ''StatingSomething'' in which a Person makes a statement that contains an ''Opinion'', which may be only a part of the full statement made. NOTE: this to make any opinion, whether faorable,unfavorable, or neutral. The Wordnet synonym here, 'animadvert', is to state an unfavorable opinion and is represented as the subtype ''Animadverting''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'opine' in WordNet: 1. opine, speak up, animadvert, sound off - (speak one's opinion without fear or hesitation; 'John spoke up at the meeting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Commenting, :Evaluating, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opinion ] . :Opinion :ldoce "opinion" ; :wnsense "opinion1n", "opinion2n", "persuasion2n", "sentiment2n", "thought4n", "view5n" ; :wordnet "opinion", "persuasion", "sentiment", "thought", "view" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Opinion is a Proposition that an IntelligentAgent considers more likely to be true than not to be true. An Opinion is not necessarily considered to be certain or to be strongly held by the agent. If strongly held, it would be a ''Belief'' (a subtype of Opinion). NOTE that an assertion that contains an Opinion is not an opinion in this sense,but a representation of an Opinion. This includes both publicly expressed and privately held opinions. NOTE: An opinion poll result is a *measure* of opinions, not an instance of this type. NOTE that although an 'opinion' is not necessarily certain, this type includes 'expert opinion' as presented in court testimony. This disinguishes between an incompletely formed 'notion' and more strongly held and more completely considered ''Opinion'' NOTE in WordNet 2.1, the relationship of Opinion (synset: opinion, sentiment, persuasion, view, thought) and Belief are inverted relative to COSMO, with Belief being more general in WordNet includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'opinion' and noun sense 2 of 'belief' in WordNet:. 1. (408) opinion, sentiment, persuasion, view, thought - (a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty; 'my opinion differs from yours'; 'what are your thoughts on Haiti?') 2. (76) public opinion, popular opinion, opinion, vox populi - (a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people; 'he asked for a poll of public opinion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :Notion, :Proposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :PersonType :FictionalCharacter :GroupType :Group ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belief ; owl:onProperty :isLessIntenseThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suspicion ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Notion ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :OpinionDistribution a :AttributeValueType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'OpinionDistribution' is an AttributeValue of a GroupOfPeople; this AttributeValue is itself a Group of specialized structure, describing the answers to one question asked of a population. There may be more than one OpinionDistribution in an OpinionPollResult. The Elements describe, in order, (1) the 'Question' asked; (2) the agent asking the question; (3) the TimeInterval when the question was asked; and then each subsequent element is an 'AnswerPrevalence' which contains the 'AnswerPhrase' and the fraction of the population that gave that answer. As of rev811, no other parts are defined for an OpinionDistribution (such as the method of asking the question - in-person or telephone, or online or mail-in: this is now contained in the OpinionPollResult), but other parts can be added as needed by adding specialized relations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PopulationCharacteristicDistribution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ] . :OpinionPoll :en "polling" ; :wnsense "canvas2v", "canvass2n", "opinion poll1n", "poll1n", "poll1v", "public opinion poll1n" ; :wordnet "canvas", "canvass", "opinion poll", "poll", "public opinion poll" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Poll' is an Action in which one or more Questions are asked about the opinions of people on some subject(s) and the answers organized to present the Result. This type can be used for 'plls' that ask questions other than opinions - a sister type might be needed in that case. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'poll' in Wordnet: 1. (4) poll, opinion poll, public opinion poll, canvass - (an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people) WN verb 'poll': 1. (1) poll, canvass, canvas - (get the opinions (of people) by asking specific questions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingGroupProperties, :Surveying, :TestingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectAnalyzed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opinion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Interrogating ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pollster ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpinionPollResult ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :OpinionPollResult :en "opinion poll result" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'OpinionPollResult' is an AttributeValue of a GroupOfPeople; this can be used to describe a related series of opinions to more than one Question. For answers to a single Question, one can use an 'OpinionDistribution'. Each 'OpinionPollResult' expresses the measures for the responses to questions asked of a GroupOfPeople. This is a PopulationCharacteristicDistribution, meaning that it can have more than one element, and each element is an OpinionDistribution that represents the proportion of the population giving specific answers to a particular question. The identity of the person or organization conducting the poll and the time the poll is conducted are contained in each OpinionDistribution for each Question. This allows for different people to ask different Questions.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PopulationCharacteristicDistribution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpinionDistribution ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :OpinionPoll ] . :Opioid :en "oioid" ; :enn "oioid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO the term ''Opioid'' is used as in Merriam-Webster sense 2: 2 : a synthetic drug possessing narcotic properties similar to opiates but not derived from opium More generally: 'Opiate' vs.'opioid': ===================== \" Opiates have powerful analgesic effects, and are widely synthesized for use in drugs.\" \" Among prescription drugs, opioids (synthetic opiates) are pain killers, and among the most popular prescription drugs. \" The terms 'opiate' and 'opiod' are sometimes used interchangeably, but with synthetc opiates now popular as painkillers, the term 'opioid' has acquired the meaning of 'synthetic' opiate' Both natural and synthetic opiates work by binding to 'opioid receptors' in the brain. ------ From Merriam-Webster online: opiate: 1a : a drug (such as morphine or codeine) containing or derived from opium and tending to induce sleep and alleviate pain broadly : narcotic sense 1a b : opioid sense 1 opioid: 1 : any of a group of endogenous neural polypeptides (such as an endorphin or enkephalin) that bind especially to opiate receptors and mimic some of the pharmacological properties of opiates called also opioid peptide 2 : a synthetic drug possessing narcotic properties similar to opiates but not derived from opium broadly : opiate sense 1a ================ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddictiveSubstance, :Alkaloid, :NarcoticDrug, :OrganicCompound, :PsychoactiveAgent, :SyntheticSubstance . :Opium :guid "bd58aef2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Alkaloid ; :wnsense "opium1n" ; :wordnet "opium" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The dried milky juice from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy plant; has narcotic properties. SUMO: A substance harvested from the seed capsules of the opium poppy that contains various powerful alkaloids. From Random House Webster: 'the dried, condensed juice of a poppy, Papaver somniferum, that has a narcotic, soporific, analgesic, and astringent effect and contains morphine, codeine, papaverine, and other alkaloids used in medicine in their isolated or derived forms: a narcotic substance, poisonous in large doses.' -RHUD Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'opium' in Wordnet: 1. (14) opium - (an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance, :DrugSubstance, :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alkaloid ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Opossum :guid "bd58a9c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "opossum2n", "possum2n" ; :wordnet "opossum", "possum" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specifically the species of oppossum found in America, **not** any of the other marsupials which are called Opossums or possums, as those of Australia (sense 1 of 'opossum' in WordNet). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'opossum' in WordNet: 2. opossum, possum - (nocturnal arboreal marsupial having a naked prehensile tail found from southern North America to northern South America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Marsupial . :Opponent :ldoce "opponent" ; :wnsense "opponent2n" ; :wordnet "opponent" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Opponent is an Organism (not necessarily human) that is opposing another Organism in some ConflictEvent. For human conflicts, increasingly serious subtypes of 'Opponent' are 'Adversary' and 'Enemy'. Corrresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'opponent' in WordNet. However, in COSMO 'Adversary' is a more specific subtype. in WordNet: 2. (2) adversary, antagonist, opponent, opposer, resister - (someone who offers opposition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntentionalAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaCompetitorInCompetition ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConflictEvent ] . :Opportunity :wnsense "chance1n", "opportunity1n" ; :wordnet "chance", "opportunity" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: when an ''Opportunity'' (state) exists, it continues as long as there is some possibility of a favorable outcome, regardless of the various Actions a Person may take to take advantage of the Opportunity. When the chance of favorable outcome disappears, that specific ''Opportunity'' also terminates, though there may be other ''Opportunity'' instances that could lead to the same desired favorable outcome. See for example, ''LegalHearing''. NOTE that good things come from an ''Opportunity'' only if an Agent performs a ''UsingAnOpportunity'' action. - one must 'seize the opportunity' Related to, but different from the gloss meaning for noun sense 1 of 'opportunity' in WordNet. This type is a ''PersistentState'' that *has* a ''Chance'' of occurring it is not the ''Chance'' itself. In WN terminology, this type is the 'favorable combination of circumstances'' that creates a possibility of good things happening (or not). in WordNet: 1. (67) opportunity, chance - (a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances; 'the holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Washington'; 'now is your chance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :PossibleFutureBenefit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UsingAnOpportunity ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :OpportunityCausingEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'OpportunityCausingEvent' is an ''CausingSomething'' that causes a ''Opportunity''( a ''PersistentState'') Not every ''Opportunity'' needs to be caused by a ''OpportunityCausingEvent'', and individual instances of ''Opportunity'' that do have ''OpportunityCausingEvents'' need not always have the same OpportunityCausingEvent, i.e a given type of ''Opportunity'' may be caused by different events at different times.. NOTE that this does not have to be a past Event - a ''PossibleFutureBenefit'' (a possble future situation) is a subtype of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opportunity ] . :Opposed :en "against" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Opposing ; :isTheOppositeOf :InFavor ; :wnsense "con1adj", "in opposition1adj", "opposed1adj", "opposed2adj", "opposing2asj" ; :wordnet "con", "in opposition", "opposed", "opposing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Opposed'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is ''Opposing'' (against, nor for) some FutureAction that the ''Opposed'' Person considers undesirable (for any reason). This can also be used as an attribute of a vote that is against some proposition. NOTE: this is not for 'opposing' another agent in a contest, only for 'opposing' some proposed Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and part off sense 2 of 'opposed' in WordNet: 1. (3) opposed, opposing - (in opposition to (a policy or attitude etc.); 'an opposing vote') 2. (1) opposed - (being in opposition or having an opponent; 'two bitterly opposed schools of thought') WN adj 'con': 1. con, in opposition - (on the negative side; 'much was written pro and con') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OpposedInMeaning :isAnAttributeValueOf :OpposingOpinions ; :wnsense "diametric2adj", "opposite6adj" ; :wordnet "diametric", "opposite" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OpposedInMeaning'' characterizes some Group of opinions or assertions or proposals or points of view that are 'opposite' in some manner. This includes as a subtype logically ''Inconsistent'' but is broader so as to include beliefs and assertions and proposals that cannot be reduced to precise logical propositions (such as by having different quantitative estimates of possible things). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'diametric' in Wordnet: 2. diametric, diametrical, opposite, polar - (characterized by opposite extremes; completely opposed; 'in diametric contradiction to his claims'; 'diametrical (or opposite) points of view'; 'opposite meanings'; 'extreme and indefensible polar positions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Opposing :en "opposing" ; :ldoce "oppose" ; :wnsense "confrontation4n", "oppose1v", "oppose2v", "oppose6v", "opposition1n", "opposition3n", "resistance1n" ; :wordnet "confrontation", "oppose", "opposition", "resistance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Opposing' is a .'ConflictEvent' in which one human agent (Person, group, or Organization) tries to defeat some action of another human agent, or expresses a view that the proposed action should not succeed. The Opposing may or may not be part of a Contest (where one or the other agent 'wins', as in a debate), or may merely be due to the opposing agent's desire not to see the protagonist succeed. In the case where this is a Contest, each agent performs an 'Opposing' from its own point of view. Thus in a contest, whether an agent is proposing or opposing is a matter of perspective. This is the broadest sense of 'oppose', including verbal and mental opposition as well as physical action in opposition. Verbal and physical opposition can be distinguished but are not yet (rev793) disambiguated. The object of an 'Opposing' can be an idea (a proposed action) or another agent This sense includes verb senses 1,2, and 6 of 'oppose' and noun senses 1 and 3 of 'opposition' in Wordnet; sense 6 of 'oppose' appears to be misplaced in WN (and therefore questionable), as it is a WN hyponym of 'refute' which would be the *result* of a successful opposing in a debate, not the act of opposing per se. in WordNet: 1. (24) oppose - (be against; express opposition to; 'We oppose the ban on abortion') 2. (10) fight, oppose, fight back, fight down, defend - (fight against or resist strongly; 'The senator said he would oppose the bill'; 'Don't fight it!') 6. oppose, controvert, contradict - (be resistant to; 'The board opposed his motion') WN noun 'opposition' 1. (7) resistance, opposition - (the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; 'he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens'; 'despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead') 3. (3) confrontation, opposition - (the act of hostile groups opposing each other; 'the government was not ready for a confrontation with the unions'; 'the invaders encountered stiff opposition') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent . :OpposingOpinions :en "opposing opinions" ; :enn "opposing opinions" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OpposingOpinions'' characterizes a Group of two or more ''\"Opinion''s that are ''OpposedInMeaning''. (More than two can be opposed if the logical consequence of one is ''Inconsistent'' or ''Contradictory'' to one of the others). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Opinion ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpposedInMeaning ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OpposingWar a :ActionType, :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OpposingWar'' is an ''Opposing'' - in which the thing opposed is ''War''. An Action characteristic of a ''Pacifist''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pacifism' in WordNet: 2. pacifism, pacificism - (the belief that all international disputes can be settled by arbitration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing, :Opposing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :War ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pacifist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :OppositeInNature :en "diametrically opposed" ; :enadj "diametrically opposed" ; :ldoce "opposite" ; :wnsense "diametric2adj", "diametrical2adj", "opposite4adj", "polar2adj" ; :wordnet "diametric", "diametrical", "opposite", "polar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OppositeInNature' is an AttributeValue of something that is one of two complex things (such as opinions, sides of an issue, effects of an action) that are considered as strongly contrasting. Includes adjective senses 5 and 6 of 'opposite' in WordNet; sense 6 seems to be an intensive variant of sense 5, but they are not yet (rev793) distinguished in COSMO.: in WordNet: 5. (3) opposite - (altogether different in nature or quality or significance; 'the medicine's effect was opposite to that intended'; 'it is said that opposite characters make a union happiest'- Charles Reade) 6. (2) diametric, diametrical, opposite, polar - (characterized by opposite extremes; completely opposed; 'in diametric contradiction to his claims'; 'diametrical (or opposite) points of view'; 'opposite meanings'; 'extreme and indefensible polar positions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OppositeSideOfSomething a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''OppositeSideOfSomething'' is a ''RelativeLocation'' that is defined by being on one side of some 'Object', which is the ''Something'' that defines the 'relative' part of the meaning. This is used to help specify meaning for 'being on the opposite side' and 'being across from'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReferenceLocation ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :OppositeThing ] . :OppositeThing :en "opposite thing", "thing on the opposite side", "thing on the other side" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OppositeThing'' is any kind of ''Object'' that is on the opposite side of some Object that has another Object on the opposite side. Each ''OppositeThing'' ''isAcrossfFom'' a second Object with is itself an OppositeThing relative to the first. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAcrossFrom ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ] . :Opposition-Feeling :hasContrastingFeeling :Agreeing-Feeling ; :ldoce "opposition" ; :wnsense "opposition1n" ; :wordnet "opposition" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Opposition is a Feeling. When someone has the Feeling of Opposition toward something, linguistically one can say '?P is against ?E' or '?P is opposed to ?E'. This Feeling may lead to actions to oppose something. Approximately represented by part of noun sense 1 of 'opposition' in Wordnet. But the Wordnet sense includes 'Action' and this is only a Feeling - (an internal action) that is not necessarily voiced, nor necessarily leads to physical actions. in WordNet: 1. (7) resistance, opposition - (the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; 'he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens'; 'despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opposing ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Oppressing :wnsense "crush1n", "oppress1v", "suppress2v" ; :wordnet "crush", "oppress", "suppress" ; a :ActionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oppress' in WordNet: 1. (1) oppress, suppress, crush - (come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority; 'The government oppresses political activists') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tormenting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oppressor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Oppressive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :DiscouragingSomeone ; :wnsense "oppressive1adj" ; :wordnet "oppressive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For effects on emotions not political oppression. This can be for internalemotions, behavior of other people toward oneself, or for environmental conditions that make work difficult or unpleasant, as ''oppressive humidity'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oppressive' in Wordnet: 1. oppressive - (weighing heavily on the senses or spirit; 'the atmosphere was oppressive'; 'oppressive sorrows') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Oppressor :wnsense "oppressor1n" ; :wordnet "oppressor" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oppressor' in WordNet: 1. oppressor - (a person of authority who subjects others to undue pressures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnpleasantPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oppressing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :OpticalCable :wnsense "cable2n" ; :wordnet "cable" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OpticalCable'' is a 'cable' designed to carry an 'optical signal' (light modulated to convey information) from one location to another. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 2 of 'cable' (for optical signals) in WordNet: 2. (1) cable, line, transmission line - (a conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CordlikeObject, :PathArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpticalSignalTransmission ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :OpticalDevice :guid "bd58ecdd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "optical device1n", "optical instrument1n" ; :wordnet "optical device", "optical instrument" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$OpticalDevice is a device that affects light by either reflecting it, refracting it, causing its rays to converge or diverge, or more complicated combinations of such operations. Examples include devices whose function is to enhance human vision (e.g., each #$Mirror, each pair of #$EyeGlasses, each set of #$Binoculars), as well as devices that manipulate light for other purposes (e.g., instances of #$OpticalComputerStorageDevice and #$LaserDiscPlayer). NOTE: this corresponds to the WN ;'optical device', which includes 'projector' as a subtype, so it is not only for things that assist reading, but for aything that affects th path of (but not produces) light. For Devices that assist seeing or reading by magnification or changing the path of light, use the subtype ''OpticalInstrument''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of ''OpticalDevice'' in WordNet: 1. optical instrument - (an instrument designed to aid vision) WN noun 'optical device': 1. optical device - (a device for producing or controlling light) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device, :HumanScaleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChangingaLightPath ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :OpticalDisk :wnsense "optical disc1n", "optical disk1n" ; :wordnet "optical disc", "optical disk" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of a Compact Disk or a DVD, or any other type disk using only optical means of recording and reading information; this is the physical object, not the informational content. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optical disk' in WordNet: 1. optical disk, optical disc - (a disk coated with plastic that can store digital data as tiny pits etched in the surface; is read with a laser that scans the surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalInformationBearingObject, :Disk, :SmallRigidSheet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KeepingInformation ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :OpticalFiber :wnsense "glass fiber1n", "optical fiber1n", "optical fibre1n" ; :wordnet "glass fiber", "optical fiber", "optical fibre" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long fiber of glass, with a core fiber and one or more outer layers (each tube-shaped surrounding the core), used to carry light signals over a long distance.. It has special composition to minimize the loss of light intensity as the beam travels over miles. Used for 'fiber optics': 1. fiber optics, fiberoptics, fibre optics, fibreoptics - (the transmission of light signals via glass fibers Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optical fiber' in WordNet: {03809154} optical fiber, glass fiber, optical fibre, glass fibre - (a very thin fiber made of glass that functions as a waveguide for light; used in bundles to transmit images) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GlassFiber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightBeam ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :OpticalIllusion :wnsense "optical illusion1n" ; :wordnet "optical illusion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OpticalIllusion'' is a ''OpticalPhenomenon'' that is a ''Deception-Generic'', a Situation that is perceived by the eyes to be something that it is not in reality. In this case seeing should not be believing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optical illusion' in WordNet: 1. optical illusion - (an optical phenomenon that results in a false or deceptive visual impression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deception-Generic, :OpticalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Misperception ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :OpticalInstrument :wnsense "optical instrument1n" ; :wordnet "optical instrument" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OpticalInstrument'' is an ''OpticalDevice'' designed to assist viewing visible objects, usually by magnifying the image with some form of ''Lens-Artificial'' (see subtype ''LensedOpticalDevice''), or by being a type of ''Lens-Artificial'', or by any other means of manipulating the path of light so as to change the size or quality of an i.age. This includes the lenses themselves as well as devices having a ''Lens-Artificial'' as a part, or Devices that magnify an image with a curved mirror (such as in some telescopes). SUMO: A Device which enables someone to see something more clearly or with greater magnification Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optical instrument' in WordNet: 1. optical instrument - (an instrument designed to aid vision) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalDevice . :OpticalMisperception :en "illusion", "misperceiving", "misperception", "optical misperception" ; :wnsense "misperceive1v" ; :wordnet "misperceive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OpticalMisperception'' is a ''Misperception'' (an 'ErroneousBelief') caused by an ''OpticalIllusion'', in which some Objects are perceived by the eyes to be something they are not in reality. This creates an ''ErroneousBrainImage'' in the brain of the perceiver. @mod53 """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Misperception, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpticalIllusion ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MentalIllusion ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :OpticalPhenomenon :wnsense "optical phenomenon1n" ; :wordnet "optical phenomenon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OpticalPhenomenon'' is any ''Phenomenon'' that involves transmission or perception of Light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optical phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. optical phenomenon - (a physical phenomenon related to or involving light) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightPropagationEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :OpticalPrism :wnsense "optical prism1n", "prism2n" ; :wordnet "optical prism", "prism" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OpticalPrism'' is an ''OpticalDevice'' that is composed of a transparent Glass in a prismatic shape, in which the parallel faces are triangles. This can be used to break up Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prism' in WordNet: 2. prism, optical prism - (optical device having a triangular shape and made of glass or quartz; used to deviate a beam or invert an image) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalDevice, :SolidObject, :TransparentObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prism ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :OpticalSignalTransmission :en "optical signal transmission" ; :enn "optical signal transmission" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OpticalSignalTransmission'' is any Action by a Device that can transmit optical signals from one point in space to another - whether over an ''OpticalCable'' or by electromagnetic radiation through some medium transparent to that signal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer, :InformationBearingWavePropagation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Device ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Optics :wnsense "optics1n" ; :wordnet "optics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optics' in WordNet: 1. optics - (the branch of physics that studies the physical properties of light) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light ; owl:onProperty :hasSubject ] . :Optimal :wnsense "optimal1adj", "optimum1adj" ; :wordnet "optimal", "optimum" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Optimal'' is an attribute of something that is ''TheBest'' possible or practical option. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'optimal' in Wordnet: 1. (3) optimum, optimal - (most desirable possible under a restriction expressed or implied; 'an optimum return on capital'; 'optimal concentration of a drug') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desirable, :TheBest . :Optimism :wnsense "optimism1n" ; :wordnet "optimism" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Optimism'' is the Feeling of ''Hope'' combined with an 'Expectation' that the hoped-for situation will in fact occur. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optimism' in WordNet: 1. (2) optimism - (the optimistic feeling that all is going to turn out well) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expectation ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ] . :Optimist :wnsense "optimist1n" ; :wordnet "optimist" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Optimist'' is someone who evaluates situations in a manner suggesting outcomes better than are objectively most likely Contrasts with Realist, Pessimist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optimist' in WordNet: 1. optimist - (a person disposed to take a favorable view of things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HabituallyOptimistic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Optimistic :wnsense "affirmative2adj", "optimistic2adj" ; :wordnet "affirmative", "optimistic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Optimistic'' is a subtype of ''Anticipating'' it is an attribute of a 'Person who is expecting a good outcome in some specific Action being undertaken.. For one who is habitually and unrealistically optimistic, use ''HabituallyOptimistic'' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'optimistic' in WordNet: 2. affirmative, optimistic - (expecting the best; 'an affirmative outlook') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anticipating . :Optimizing :wnsense "optimise1v", "optimise2v", "optimize1v", "optimize2v" ; :wordnet "optimise", "optimize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Optimizing'' is a ''PerfectingSomething'' that develops a ''HumanActivity'' or ''ArtifactObject'' to a point where it cannot be improved. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'optimize' (sense 2 could be a subtype) in WordNet: 1. optimize, optimise - (make optimal; get the most out of; use best; \"optimize your resources\") 2. optimize, optimise - (modify to achieve maximum efficiency in storage capacity or time or cost; \"optimize a computer program\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerfectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skill ; owl:onProperty :improves ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Optimal ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Optional :isTheOppositeOf :Compulsory ; :wnsense "optional1adj" ; :wordnet "optional" ; a :ProbabilityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Optional'' is a subtype of ''Possible'' that is an AttributeValue of some ''Choice'' that a Person can make. This is interpreted as 'usually optional' - things that are usually ''Optional'' may be required or forced by circumstances - such situations are included in this type. (e.g. ''OptionalSurgery'' can be of a type that is life-saving in some circumstances). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'optional' in Wordnet: 1. optional - (possible but not necessary; left to personal choice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possible . :OptionalSurgery :ldoce "operate", "operation" ; :wnsense "operate on1v", "operate7v", "operation5n", "surgery4n", "surgical operation1n", "surgical procedure1n", "surgical process1n" ; :wordnet "operate", "operate on", "operation", "surgery", "surgical operation", "surgical procedure", "surgical process" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OptionalSurgery'' is surgical treatent not performed to treat an ''AilmentCondition'. in WordNet: 7. operate on, operate - (perform surgery on; 'The doctors operated on the patient but failed to save his life') WN 'surgery' 4. operation, surgery, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process - (a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; 'they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available'; 'he died while undergoing surgery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surgery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurgicalIncision ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Optional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Options :en "alternative actions", "options" ; :ldoce "choice" ; :wnsense "choice3n" ; :wordnet "choice" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Options' is a Group that has as elements specific instances of ''Action'' or types of ''Action'' (ActionType), one or more of which that can be chosen when an Agent has an AbilityToChoose; an individual option is represented by 'AlternativeAction'. in a Group of Actions that serve in the Role of an Options, the ability to do nothing (take none of the actions) is understood to be a physical possibility, even though it may result in undesirable consequences - and is therefore not a mandatory part of the ActionGroup. Where only positive Action (i.e. not just doing nothing) is the referenced ActionGroup, the sybtype 'ExclusiveOption' should be used - and the ability to do nothing is still understood. NOTE that this is the Group of possible 'AlternativeThing's that may be selected in a deciding action - for any one of those things use 'AlternativeThing'. This notion is expressed linguistically when one says that a person 'has a choice' to do X or Y (or Z). If one 'has no choice but (one thing)' then the set of 'Options' has only one member; This sense of 'Options' is only a physical possibility, and not a Right. For Options that are Rights, see subtypes of 'Right'. 'Options' may represent a selection of Objects that a Person can choose to select; in that case,each Action in the ActionGroup would be a 'Choosing'. The WordNet noun sense 3 of 'choice'appears to represent only one of the multiple things that may be choses ('that is one of the choices') rather than the whole set of things; but is the closest sense in meaning to this type. For any single option, use 'AlternativeThing'. in WordNet: 3. (3) option, alternative, choice - (one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; 'what option did I have?'; 'there no other alternative'; 'my only choice is to refuse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :ListOfAlternatives ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :AlternativeAction ) ] ] . :Optometrist :guid "c0fbc47b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oculist1n", "optometrist1n" ; :wordnet "oculist", "optometrist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of professionally trained healthcare providers who diagnose and treat conditions and diseases of the human eye. This includes the writing of prescriptions for corrective lenses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optometrist' in WordNet: 1. optometrist, oculist - (a person skilled in testing for defects of vision in order to prescribe corrective glasses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :MedicalCareProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Optometry ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eye ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EyeDisease ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SenseOfVision ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Optometry :wnsense "optometry1n" ; :wordnet "optometry" ; a :OccupationType, :SpecializationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Optometry''is an ',OccupationalSpecialization'' in which the Optometrist tests the eyes for vision problems and prescribes devices such as eyeglasses or DrugProducts or actions to improve vision and prevent deterioration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'optometry' in WordNet: 1. optometry - (the practice of an optometrist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HealthCareEvent, :OccupationalSpecialization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Optometrist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :OrElse :ldoce "else" ; :wnsense "else1adv", "or else1adv" ; :wordnet "else", "or else" ; a :Adverb, :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb 'or else' whose general sense is 'If not (the preceding), then'. The same sense is sometimes encountered when 'else' is used alone: 'it's a wolf, or else its a dog'; 'it's a wolf, else it's a dog'. This same sense can be represented as 'either it's a wolf, or it's a dog'. The phrase 'or else' functions as a conjunctionm though 'else' itself is lited as an adverb. In the Random House Webster it has 1 distinguished sense: 4. if not (usually prec. by or): It's a macaw, or else I don't know birds. In WordNet this is the adverbial sense 2, and is also represented as the adverb 'or else': WN else: in WordNet: 2. (2) else - ((usually used with 'or') if not, then; 'watch your step or else you may fall'; 'leave or else I'll get angry') WN adverb 'or else' 1. (7) alternatively, as an alternative, instead, or else - (in place of, or as an alternative to; 'Felix became a herpetologist instead'; 'alternatively we could buy a used car') """ . :Oral :pertainsTo :Mouth, :PublicSpeaking, :Speaking, :SpokenCommunicating, :Talking ; :wnsense "oral1adj", "oral2adj", "oral3adj" ; :wordnet "oral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oral'' refers to the Mouth, things inside the Mouth, and things done with the Mouth,especially forms of ''Speaking''. @Todo1437: These uses can be differentiated. 'oral surgery' is surgery done *in* the Mouth, not *with* the mouth. Needs Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'oral' in WordNet: 1. (6) oral, unwritten - (using speech rather than writing; 'an oral tradition'; 'an oral agreement') 2. oral - (of or relating to or affecting or for use in the mouth; 'oral hygiene'; 'an oral thermometer'; 'an oral vaccine') 3. oral - (of or involving the mouth or mouth region or the surface on which the mouth is located; 'the oral cavity'; 'the oral mucous membrane'; 'the oral surface of a starfish') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :OralAdministration :en "per os" ; :guid "bd5ae6a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Ingesting a drug by mouth." ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministeringaDrug, :Ingesting, :PuttingSomethingIntoTheMouth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :OralDrugObject ] . :OralConversation :guid "be00fa0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "conversation", "talk" ; :wnsense "conversation1n", "converse1v", "discourse2v", "discourse3n", "talk1n" ; :wordnet "conversation", "converse", "discourse", "talk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Conversation carried out in oral speech by agents who are within hearing distance of each other, or are connected by a device that permits transmission of voice over a distance. For face-to-face oral conversation use 'InPersonConversation'. NOTE: as a borderline included instance, a 'RoboCall' in which an automatic device calls on the telephone and plays a recorded message is included/ @ToDo: this might be better represented as an 'announcement' of some kind??? Cyc: Every #$Conversation includes at least two #$CommunicationAct-Single as #$subEvents, with the #$senderOfInfo in one being the #$recipientOfInfo in the other. Includes nouns sense 1 of 'conversation' and noun sense 1 of 'talk' and verb sense 1 of 'converse' in WordNet: 1. (20) conversation - (the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.) WN 'talk': 1. (12) talk, talking - (an exchange of ideas via conversation; 'let's have more work and less talk around here') WN verb 'converse' 1. (5) converse, discourse - (carry on a conversation) WN noun 'discourse': 3. discussion, treatment, discourse - (an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic; 'the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic'; 'his treatment of the race question is badly biased') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversation, :SpokenCommunicating . :OralDrugObject :guid "bd58c318-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PharmacyProductType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc called 'OralDrug', and was a substance (se ''OralDrugSubstance''). Making it a product requires that one specify some details of the physical object itself that is ingested. NOTE that the COSMO type ''OralDrugSubstance'' uses the same CYC entry as a referent. Cyc: A specialization of #$DrugProduct. Each instance of #$OralDrug is a drug which are intended to be adminstered orally. Examples include cough syrup, throat lozenges, and birth control pills. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OralAdministration ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :OralDrugSubstance :en "oral medication", "oral medicine" ; :guid "bd58c318-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PharmacyProductType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'OralDrug', and was a substance. Making it a product requires that one specify some details of the physical object itself that is ingested. Cyc: A specialization of #$DrugProduct. Each instance of #$OralDrug is a drug which are intended to be adminstered orally. Examples include cough syrup, throat lozenges, and birth control pills. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OralAdministration ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :OralSex :wnsense "head33n", "oral sex1n" ; :wordnet "head", "oral sex" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oral sex' in WordNet: 1. oral sex, head - (oral stimulation of the genitals; 'they say he gives good head') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualBehavior, :SocialOccurrence, :Touching, :TwoAgentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :OralThermometer :en "oral thermometer" ; :guid "bd58c5eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalThermometer . :Oralism :en "oralism" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oralism'' is a Belief that SignLanguage is not the best method for the Deaf to communicate. RHW 'oralism': the theory, practice, or advocacy of education for the deaf chiefly or exclusively through lipreading, training in speech production, and training of residual hearing. Cf. manualism. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communication ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lipreading ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Orange :ldoce "orange" ; :wnsense "orange1n" ; :wordnet "orange" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fruit that is produced by an orange tree, having a multiply indented by shiny skin, and an orange color. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'orange' in WordNet: 1. (4) orange - (round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :CitrusFruit, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrangeTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :OrangeBackground :en "orange background" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OrangeBackground'' is a ''BackgroundColor'' that is ''Orange''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BackgroundColor . :OrangeColor :guid "910de2b8-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "orange" ; :wnsense "orange1adj" ; :wordnet "orange" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color orange. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'orange' in WordNet: 1. (7) orange, orangish - (of the color between red and yellow; similar to the color of a ripe orange) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :OrangeJuice :guid "bd588acc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "orange juice1n" ; :wordnet "orange juice" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orange juice' in Wordnet: 1. orange juice - (bottled or freshly squeezed juice of oranges) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitDrink, :FruitJuice, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :SweetTastingSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orange ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :OrangeTree :guid "bd589cad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "orange tree1n" ; :wordnet "orange tree" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A tree that grows oranges. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orange tree' in WordNet: 1. orange, orange tree - (any citrus tree bearing oranges) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CitrusFruitTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orange ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Orangutan :guid "bd58ece9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Pongo pygmaeus1n", "orang1n", "orangutan1n", "orangutang1n" ; :wordnet "Pongo pygmaeus", "orang", "orangutan", "orangutang" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """?Add Habitat of Borneo and Sumatra? They range in color from a very light brown to dark brown. There are also shades of orange as well. You will notice that an orangutan has a very large head and a thick neck. They have a mouth that sticks out more than other apes, and it does give them a comical appearance. (from: www.orangutan-world.com/orangutan-anatomy/) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orangutan' in WordNet: 1. orangutan, orang, orangutang, Pongo pygmaeus - (large long-armed ape of Borneo and Sumatra having arboreal habits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArborealAnimal, :GreatApe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongArmed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Orbital :isAnAttributeValueOf :OrbitalPath ; :pertainsTo :OrbitalPath ; :wnsense "orbital1adj" ; :wordnet "orbital" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'orbital' in Wordnet: 1. (2) orbital - (of or relating to an orbit; 'orbital revolution'; 'orbital velocity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Orbital-Eye :isAnAttributeValueOf :OrbitalPath ; :pertainsTo :EyeSocket ; :wnsense "orbital2adj" ; :wordnet "orbital" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'orbital' in Wordnet: 2. orbital - (of or relating to the eye socket; 'orbital scale'; 'orbital arch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :OrbitalPath :en "orbital path" ; :guid "be011027-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "celestial orbit1n", "orbit1n" ; :wordnet "celestial orbit", "orbit" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The path followed by an object revolving around another object, under the influence of gravitation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orbit' in WordNet: 1. (11) orbit, celestial orbit - (the (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another; \"he plotted the orbit of the moon\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Spatial . :Orbiter :wnsense "orbiter1n" ; :wordnet "orbiter" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Orbiter'' is any ''Spacecraft'' that is an ArtifactOject orbiting any ''AstronomicalBody'' - including moons and . NOTE: the term 'satellite' is reserved in COSMO for devices orbiting planets. Use ''Orbiter'' for things that orbit other celetial bodies. This differs from CYC usage: CYC ('Satellite-Device'):A man-made device intended to orbit a celestial body (for most of them, Earth). Includes part of noun sense 1 of 'orbiter' in WordNet (orbiting a moon) but is broader, including things orbiting any celestial body such as an asteroid.: in WordNet: 1. (4) satellite, artificial satellite, orbiter - (man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :Spacecraft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :orbits ; owl:someValuesFrom :AstronomicalBody ] . :Orbiting :en "orbit around", "revolve around" ; :eng "orbiting" ; :guid "be6942bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "orb1v", "orbit1v", "revolution3n", "revolve2v" ; :wordnet "orb", "orbit", "revolution", "revolve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Elements of #$Orbiting are events in which an #$objectMoving moves along a #$motionPathway-Complete which is a roughly eliptical path through #$OuterSpace around some #$HeavenlyBody and does so periodically. For example, a spacecraft in orbit #$orbits in such an event. If the #$OrbitalPath is roughly circular, this event is also an instance of #$MovingInACircle. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'orbit'(for astronomical bodies,not electrons) in WordNet: 1. (3) orb, orbit, revolve - (move in an orbit; 'The moon orbits around the Earth'; 'The planets are orbiting the sun'; 'electrons orbit the nucleus') WN noun 'revolution' (part, for orbiting): 3. rotation, revolution, gyration - (a single complete turn (axial or orbital); 'the plane made three rotations before it crashed'; 'the revolution of the earth about the sun takes one year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translation-Periodic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AstronomicalBody ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Orchard :guid "bd58f031-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grove2n", "orchard1n", "plantation3n", "woodlet1n" ; :wordnet "grove", "orchard", "plantation", "woodlet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Orchard'' is a ''Garden'' that can be very large and commercial, where trees are grown to produce fruit. CYC: A specialization of #$OutdoorLocation. Each instance of #$Orchard is a piece of land on which trees are cultivated. Includes RHW 'orchard': 1. an area of land devoted to the cultivation of fruit or nut trees. Includes but is broader than (could be much larger than - not small - suggested by the gloss) noun sense 1 of 'orchard' in WordNet: 1. (2) grove, woodlet, orchard, plantation - (garden consisting of a small cultivated wood without undergrowth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garden, :OutsideLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitTree ; owl:minCardinality "10" ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cultivation ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Orchestra :guid "bd58eaf7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasAssociatedGroupType :OrchestraMembers ; :wnsense "orchestra1n" ; :wordnet "orchestra" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note:as of v0.49, an Orchestra is an Organization, but a Band is a GroupOfPeople. This may change. Note that the associated goup ''OrchestraMembers'' is a''MusicGroup''. Cyc: An Organization whose members assemble in one place from time to time to play musical instruments together. The associated GroupOfPeople is called 'OrchestraMembers'. SUMO: A GroupOfPeople that create InstrumentalMusic together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orchestra' in Wordnet: 1. (10) orchestra - (a musical organization consisting of a group of instrumentalists including string players) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicPerformanceOrganization . :OrchestraMembers a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The GroupOfPeople that comprise an Orchestra at any given time. Regardless of the role each plays, each is considered as a 'MusicalPerformer'. NOTE that a 'MusicPerformanceAgent' (a CYC type not yet included in the base COSMO)is *not* considered as a 'member' of the 'OrchestraMembers'. This GroupOfPeople is related to an 'Orchestra' by the relation 'hasAssociatedGroupType' (no inverse as of rev999) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :MusicGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MusicalPerformer ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :OrchestraMusic :en "orchestra music", "orchestral music" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OrchestraMusic'' is music that is played by an ''Orchestra''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orchestra ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :OrchestratingAnOperation :wnsense "direct13v", "engineer2v", "mastermind1v", "orchestrate2v", "organise6v", "organize3v" ; :wordnet "direct", "engineer", "mastermind", "orchestrate", "organise", "organize" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OrchestratingAnOperation'' includes both the planning phase in which the Person doing this takes some degree of initiative and subsequently directs the ''Operation'' (performs ''DirectingAnOperation''). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'orchestrate' in WordNet: 2. mastermind, engineer, direct, organize, organise, orchestrate - (plan and direct (a complex undertaking); \"he masterminded the robbery\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectingAnOperation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlanningAnOperation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Operation ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mastermind ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Orchid :en "Orchidaceae" ; :guid "bd589f7a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "orchid1n", "orchidaceous plant1n" ; :wordnet "orchid", "orchidaceous plant" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: any terrestrial or epiphytic plant of the family Orchidaceae, of temperate and tropical regions, having usually showy flowers. Cf. orchid family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orchid' in WordNet: 1. (1) orchid, orchidaceous plant - (any of numerous plants of the orchid family usually having flowers of unusual shapes and beautiful colors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrchidOrder . :OrchidOrder :en "orchid order" ; :guid "bd588a6f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An order of plants within the monocot subclass which contains one family, the Orchidaceae. The family is very diverse and one of the largest plant families. Members have complex floral anatomy, and very tiny seeds which lack endosperm, have rudimentary, undifferentiated embryos, and require association with species-specific fungal partners to develop.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonocotSubclass . :Ordeal :wnsense "ordeal1n" ; :wordnet "ordeal" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ordeal' in WordNet: 1. (3) ordeal - (a severe or trying experience) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Experience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stressful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Severe ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ordered :isTheOppositeOf :Unordered ; :ldoce "order" ; :wnsense "order4n", "ordered1adj" ; :wordnet "order", "ordered" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ordered' is an AttributeValue of Groups that have some kind of ordering. More specific orderings will be subtypes of this AttributeValue, such as 'LinearlyOrdered'. NOTE that this is a subtype of ''Organized'' implying that the 'ordering' is due to the action of some Agent. That Agent could be a natural process. See also ''OrderingRelation'' This attribute corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ordered' and implicitly includes the notion of an 'order' meaning a definable arrangement, and that approximately corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'order' in Wordnet: WN adj 'ordered': 1. (4) ordered - (having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule; 'an ordered sequence') WN noun 'order': 4. (7) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Organized . :OrderedAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute value that is one of at least two values expressing a range of values that have some linear ordering, and may overlap. The protypical ordering is high-medium-low, but many such ordered values can exist. The ordering can be represented in OWL as a list. As of v0.51 rev 685, the values are not thus ordered. @ToDo - create orderings for Intensive values. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OrderedGroup :ldoce "order" ; :wnsense "arrangement2n", "order4n" ; :wordnet "arrangement", "order" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OrderedGroup is a Group that has some ordering relation between component elements, such that the ordering relation is not part of the Group but is related to the Group by the relation ''hasOrderingRelation''. The ordering may be of any kind: a simple linear order, or a complex multi-dimensional pattern. The most common kind of OrderedGroup is one that is ''LinearlyOrdered'', and each such Group is an instance of the subtype 'LinearlyOrderedGroup'. A ''Group'' usually has more than one component element, but to allow generalization of certain concepts such as an ActionSeries, an OrderedGroup is allowed to have as few as one component element.so that a Group with only one element is identical to that one element, a characteristic of a 'Mereological Sum') Some Groups whose elements have a common parent type (such as ''Objectgroup'' may be treated as instances of **the same type as the individual elements**, for at least some relations, such as 'hasMass'' for an ''ObjectGroup'' and its component ''PhysicalObject''s. But generalizations about which relations may be applied to a group and to its individual elements are dificult to find, so those relations that do apply to Groups and their component types need to have both typee in the 'domain' or 'range' list. An OrderedGroup may be physical, whereas a List is an AbstractInformationStore. Therefore not all OrderedGroups are Lists. One may define an OrderedGroup that is a List, if one is careful that the OrderedGroup is also an AbstractInformationStore. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'arrangement' in WordNet, and includes noun sense 4 of 'order': in WordNet: 2. (4) arrangement - (an orderly grouping (of things or persons) considered as a unit; the result of arranging; 'a flower arrangement') WN noun 'order': 4. (7) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ordered ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasOrderingRelation ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrderingRelation ] . :OrderedPair a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A OrderedPair is a Tuple containing two elements. Note that either element may be null (or for numbers, have a zero value). @ToDo1221: as an ordered pair, the second element occurs after the first. this means that the 'Group' has an implied relation between the elements., and is therefore may not be just a mereological sum of the two elements. This needs careful thinking. **NOTE that the ordering relation is not specified. For examples of OrderedGroups with the ordering relation specified, see 'Series' and subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :Pair . :OrderedPairOfThings :en "ordered pair of things" ; :enn "ordered pair of things" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OrderedPairOfThings'' is a ''OrderedPair'' consisting of two ''http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing''s of any type in order. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FirstThing ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SecondThing ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :OrderedQuartet a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A OrderedQuartet is an OrderedGroup containing four ordered elements""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedGroup, :Quartet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :OrderedTrio a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A OrderedTrio is a Tuple containing three ordered elements.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedGroup, :Trio, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinearlyOrdered ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :Ordering :en "commanding" ; :guid "bd58a938-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "command", "order" ; :wnsense "command2v", "dictate1v", "direct1v", "enjoin2v", "order1v", "order3v", "require3v", "tell4v" ; :wordnet "command", "dictate", "direct", "enjoin", "order", "require", "tell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'Command' and 'Order' both imply that the agent (which could be a computer) doing the ordering/commanding has some authority over the agent addressed - but the usage is intermingled to the effect that these terms are difficult to distinguish. In COSMO 'Commanding' and 'Ordering' are treated as synonymous. In WordNet, 'order' is a subtype of 'command' See also 'Ordering' where the agent doing the Ordering does not have authority to force compliance. This follows the RHW sense 1 of 'command' as a synonym of 'order': to direct with specific authority or prerogative; order: The captain commanded his men to attack. This concept may also be expresed linguistically by 'requiring' For making something orderly, see ''Tidying'' and ''Organizing''. This sense corresponds to sense 1 of 'command' in RHW, where 'order' is given as a synonym: 1. to direct with specific authority or prerogative; order: The captain commanded his men to attack. In Cyc called 'Ordering-CommunicationAct': Cyc: A specialization of #$Requesting-CommunicationAct. Each instance of #$Ordering-CommunicationAct is a communication act in which an agent orders one or more other agents to do something. Specializations of #$Ordering-CommunicationAct include #$Ordering-MilitaryCommunicationAct and #$AssigningAgentToRole. **** more discussion from Doug Foxvog on Ontolog Forum, ******* May 1, 2012: Re: Software 'command': I would suggest that InterAgentSoftwareCommand be a pattern of characters or bits falling in a hierarchy such as the following: AbstractInformationStructure ComputerAIS ComputerCode ComputerCodeFunction ComputerCodeCommand InterAgentSoftwareCommand *** ordering as a speech act: On Fri, April 27, 2012 18:17, Burkett, William [USA] wrote: > Hello, Ontologists - I've got a question that's been ping-ponging > around my brain lately and thought I'd solicit your input. > What is a 'command' in an ontological sense? I can certainly envision a > hierarchical part-of structure of commands, but is it accurate to > interpret this as a kind of process decomposition (e.g., a Script in > the sense of http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm)? While a > process connotes a 'do', it doesn't necessary connote 'go do', as a > command/imperative would. What is a 'command' in the real world? The word \"command\" denotes two classes of thing (that i will discuss): a speech act, and an obligation implicit in the speech act. Instead of starting from scratch to answer what each of these is, we can look at work that has already been done. In OpenCyc, the speech act is a subclass of Requesting, which is a subclass of CommunicationAct. It is distinguished from Insisting (for which the requester has no authority to require the action) and other sorts of request for which no obligation is implied. Commanding is a subclass of Ordering, but OpenCyc does not make clear the distinction clear. Requests directly have the properties actAccededTo - agent does what the request requests typeOfThingRequested - [obvious] Other properties (communicator, communication target, timing properties, ...) are inherited from more general categories. In OpenCyc, more interesting things can be said about the obligation than about the speech act, which details the mechanics of the speech act and assigns the obligation to the communication target. An obligation has a number of properties; OpenCyc has ontologized the following at that level: obligingAgents - who imposed the obligation obligatedAgents - who is obligated obligationParticipants - either of the above obligationPeriod - the time period for which the obligation holds subObligations - parts of the obligation which are themselves obligations obligationOwedTo - the party to whom the obligation is owed obligationHasPriorityOverObligationForAgent - a ranking of obligations cocObligations - a code of conduct has this as an obligation moratoriumOn - a moratorium suspends this obligation derivedObligation - a specification has this as a derived obligation resultingTermInOffice - an event has created an obligation (to serve a term) obligationsCreated - an event has created this obligation agentViolatesObligation - [obvious] agentFulfillsObligation - [obvious] obligationsViolated - an action has violated an obligation agentObligationInSituation - an agent is obligated within a situation obligationFulfilled - an action fulfills an obligation agentBelievesInObligation - agent believes it is obligated by an obligation An #$Obligation is a subclass of #$NormativeSpecification, so other properties are defined at that level. Below is OpenCyc's subcategories of Requesting: ... CommunicationAct-Single *Requesting-CommunicationAct *Demanding-CommunicationAct *Demanding-Threatening ... *DemandingApology *... *Ultimatum *DiplomaticRequest *GettingBids *OfferingABribe *Ordering-CommunicationAct *AssigningAgentToRole *AssigningATask * ... *Ordering-MilitaryCommunicationAct *SettingUpADirectDebit *SettingUpAStandingOrder *RequestingAction ... *RequestingInformation ... *RequestingItems ... * ... - - - doug foxvog - - - > Context of question: In a SOA-based software development effort, how > would ontological principles help with naming/function of services and > commands offered through the service interface? > > What do you think? (Is that a dangerous question to ask this crowd? > ;-)) > > Bill > ***** End Foxvog comment *********************************** Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'order', sense 4 of 'tell', and sense 1 of 'direct' and sense 3 of 'require' and noun sense 1 of 'order' in Wordnet: 1. (28) order, tell, enjoin, say - (give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority; 'I said to him to go home'; 'She ordered him to do the shopping'; 'The mother told the child to get dressed') WN 'direct': 1. (17) direct - (command with authority; 'He directed the children to do their homework') WN WN It partially overlaps with sense 2 of 'command' in WN, but WN 'command' in this sense is a subtype of 'order' in WN - WN 2. (8) command, require, compel - (make someone do something) WN verb 'require': 3. (16) command, require, compel - (make someone do something) WN noun 'order': 1. (26) order - ((often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed; 'the British ships dropped anchor and waited for orders from London') WN verb 'dictate': 1. (8) order, prescribe, dictate - (issue commands or orders for) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAnAgent, :Requesting, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommandPhrase ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :Ordering-MilitaryCommunicationAct :guid "bd87b273-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this differs slightly from the Cyc interpretation. In COSMO, this is an Avtion in which a commonader of a military unit - as small as a squad - issues an order. The command must some from a commander of a unit, not just someone of superior rank. Cyc: A collection of instances of #$Ordering-CommunicationAct. Each instance is an instance of a #$MilitaryPerson issuing an order to another #$MilitaryPerson of inferior rank or to a subordinate #$ModernMilitaryOrganization that the #$issuerOfOrder-Military is entitled to command.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExercisingCommandAndControl, :IBTGeneration, :Ordering . :OrderingRelation :isAnAttributeValueOf :OrderedGroup ; :wnsense "order4n", "ordering1n" ; :wordnet "order", "ordering" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OrderingRelation'' is some relation between the Things in an OrderedGroup that described how they are ordered. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ordering' in WordNet: 1. (4) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Orderliness :ldoce "order" ; :wnsense "order3n", "order4n", "order5n", "orderliness2n" ; :wordnet "order", "orderliness" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState in which objects are arranged in a manner conforming to a rule, or people act according to explicit or implicit societal rules. This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'orderliness' and refers to noun senses 3, 4, and and 5 of 'order' in WordNet: WN noun 'orderliness': 2. orderliness, order - (a condition of regular or proper arrangement; 'he put his desk in order'; 'the machine is now in working order') WN noun 'order': 3. (7) order - (established customary state (especially of society); 'order ruled in the streets'; 'law and order') 4. (7) ordering, order, ordination - (logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; 'we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation') 5. (4) orderliness, order - (a condition of regular or proper arrangement; 'he put his desk in order'; 'the machine is now in working order') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arranged ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ordered ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Orderly :isTheOppositeOf :Disorderly ; :wnsense "ordered2adj", "orderly6adj", "regulated2adj" ; :wordnet "ordered", "orderly", "regulated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'orderly' in Wordnet: 6. ordered, orderly, regulated - (marked by system or regularity or discipline; 'a quiet ordered house'; 'an orderly universe'; 'a well regulated life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Ordinal :isAnAttributeValueOf :Group, :Number, :OrderedGroup ; :pertainsTo :Orderliness, :OrdinalNumber ; :wnsense "ordinal2adj" ; :wordnet "ordinal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ordinal'' is an AttributeValue of Numbers and Groups and elements of a Series. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'ordinal' in Wordnet: 2. ordinal - (being or denoting a numerical order in a series; 'ordinal numbers'; 'held an ordinal rank of seventh') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ordered . :OrdinalNumber :wnsense "no.1n", "ordinal number1n", "ordinal1n" ; :wordnet "no.", "ordinal", "ordinal number" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Number that expresses a position in a sequence, as contrasted with a cardinal number that represents some quantity of things. Ordinal numbers map to the integers. NOTE that an OrdinalNumber can also appear in fractions, in which it has a different meaning. The Lexical Expert routing must disambiguate. @ToDO r755 - perhaps an OrdinalNumber should be a subtype of FunctionalAttributeValue rather than Number? SUMO uses ordinals like 'first' 'last' as functions. Numbers and AttributeValues are disjoint - this needs some additional thought. COSMO version 0.52 has reified only the first twelve OrdinalNumbers. When others are needed, they can be reified in-line with the relations using them. In addition to the specific numerical OrdinalNumbers, three vague OrdinalNumbers are defined for orders that are unknown but must nevertheless be specified by some restriction: 'Unranked'; 'LowRank' and 'HighRank'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ordinal number' in WordNet: 1. ordinal number, ordinal, no. - (the number designating place in an ordered sequence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Number . :Ordinance :wnsense "ordinance2n" ; :wordnet "ordinance" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ordinance'' is a ''Statute'' (a ''RuleForBehavior'') created by a local legislative body (''CityGovernment'' - City Council, City Committee, Township Council, etc). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ordinance' in WordNet: 2. ordinance - (a statute enacted by a city government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Statute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CityGovernment ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Ore :wnsense "ore1n" ; :wordnet "ore" ; a :InputType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SolidSubstance obtained from the ground, either 'as is' or when ''Refined-Purified'' is a source of a Mineral. NOTE: WordNet considers Ore to be a mineral, but in COSMO an Ore has a Mineral as a component. This allows for low-grade Ores, and allows 'Mineral' to be more chemically defined. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ore' in WordNet: 1. (5) ore - (a mineral that contains metal that is valuable enough to be mined) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicMaterial, :Input, :MineralResource, :NaturalResourceSubstance, :NaturalTangibleStuff, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mineral ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Refining ; owl:onProperty :isProcessedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mining ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :hasOriginalLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UndergroundLocation ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Oregano :hasQualitativeAttribute :Dry, :Granular ; :isDerivedFrom :Marjoram ; :wnsense "marjoram2n", "oregano2n" ; :wordnet "marjoram", "oregano" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'oregano' in WordNet: 2. marjoram, oregano - (pungent leaves used as seasoning with meats and fowl and in stews and soups and omelets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbSeasoning, :Spice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marjoram ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Organ :en "body organ" ; :guid "c0fde25a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "organ" ; :wnsense "organ1n" ; :wordnet "organ" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO adopts the Cyc usage that an Organ is a localized body part, and the nervous system is not an Organ. Cyc: A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$Organ is a part of an animal that has a specialized physiological function and is more or less localized within the animal. Examples include hearts, kidneys, and tongues. Specializations include #$InternalOrgan and #$ExternalOrgan. Note that, in most contexts, a distributed system like a #$NervousSystem or a (#$SkinOnFn #$WholeBody) is not an #$Organ. SUMO: A somewhat independent BodyPart that performs a specialized function. Note that this functional definition covers bodily systems, e.g. the digestive system or the central nervous system. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'organ' in WordNet: 1. (8) organ - (a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :SolidObject . :Organelle :guid "becdca3f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cell organ1n", "cell organelle1n", "organelle1n" ; :wordnet "cell organ", "cell organelle", "organelle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of organelles (individuals, not types). An organelle is a specialized structure or compartment within a eukaryotic cell, which is responsible for carrying out certain isolated functions. Organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, the cytoskeleton and (in plant cells only) chloroplasts and vacuoles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'organelle' in WordNet: 1. organelle, cell organelle, cell organ - (a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ; 'the first organelle to be identified was the nucleus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CellPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cell ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Organic :isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf :OrganicSubstance ; :wnsense "organic1adj" ; :wordnet "organic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue ''Organic'' asserts thst the subject thus characterized consists mostly of an ''OrganicSubstance'', i.e. either a chemical substance having carbon atoms in its composition, or a substance produced by an ''Organism'', which also should have carbon in it. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'organic' in WordNet: 1. (22) organic - (relating or belonging to the class of chemical compounds having a carbon basis; 'hydrocarbons are organic compounds') 2. (1) organic - (of or relating to or derived from living organisms; 'organic soil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceAttributeValue . :OrganicAcid :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_RCOOH ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OrganicAcid'' is an 'OrganicCompound', with a carboxyl group as part of its structure.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acid, :OrganicCompound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarboxylGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasChemicalGroup ] . :OrganicBase a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Organic chemical which has an amine group that can accept a proton, and is therefore basic, a subtype of 'ChemicallyBasicSubstance'. Note that such a compound can also have a carboxyl, and be acidic, in which case it may be amphoteric - effectively neutral though formally falling into both base and acid categories. Amino acids and proteins can be amphoteric.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyBasicSubstance, :OrganicCompound . :OrganicCompound :guid "bfb68d5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "organic compound1n" ; :wordnet "organic compound" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OrganicSubstance which is relatively well defined as to chemical composition, or has some well-defined substructure (such as 'BetaLactam', for which each molecule contains at least one atom of carbon bonded to another carbon or to a hydrogen atom. This includes polymeric materials that are mixtures of molecules of different length having the same repeating backbone component in the monomer unit(s), such as DNA or rubber. This excludes mixtures of biological substance such as bone, blood, or secretions. An OrganicCompound can be partly ionic, such as the salts of fatty acids, nucleic acids, and some proteins. Compounds (such as carbon dioxide or carbon tetrachloride), in which no carbon is bonded to another carbon or a hydrogen atom, are inorganic, and not organic. So the presence of Carbon is not a sufficient condition for this type, though it is necessary. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'organic compound', but excludes substances that do not have a hydrogen directly bound to some carbon, as do carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride; in WordNet: 1. organic compound - (any compound of carbon and another element or a radical) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarbonCompound, :OrganicSubstance . :OrganicMaterialObject :guid "bd58c3d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc, named 'OrganicMaterial'. This can be a solid or liquid, and can be an object composed of complex material from a living thing, or an organic chemical of defined composition. Objects composed of any form of Organic Chemical are instances of this type. Cyc: A collection of tangible things. Each instance of #$OrganicMaterial is a tangible thing composed of one or more types of organic #$Molecule. Instances of #$OrganicMaterial usually have their origin in the bodies (or other products) of living things. Since some organic substances can be synthesized, #$OrganicMaterial is not a subcollection of #$NaturalTangibleStuff. Chemically, instances of #$OrganicMaterial have fairly (or very) complex carbon-based structures. Examples include all instances of the collections #$Oil, #$DNAStuff, #$Alcohol-Compound, #$Ivory, and #$AnimalBodyPart.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganicSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carbon ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :OrganicObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OrganicObject is an object at least as large as a cell of an organism, that consists predominantly of substances which are living or are derived from living things, or are synthetic substances similar to those found in living things. An OrganicObject may be living or dead, or if dead, highly processed, providing that the main active constituent is derived from or similar to those in living things. Thus one muscle or one apple pie would each be an OrganicObject, but one virus particle would be too small to qualify. A macroscopic object consisting of macromolecules such as protein, nucleic acid, or polysaccharide similar to those found naturally would be OrganicObjects, but a quantity of small molecules such as alcohol or amino acid would not be. In the triad 'animal, vegetable or mineral', this would be either of animal or vegetable. NOTE that this Type is disjoint with MineralObject, though an OrganicObject may have some minor portions of Mineral in it. NOTE in particular that a Corpse, skeleton, and FuneraryAshes are classified as 'OrganicObject' although a strong fire may have removed almost all of the carbon in it.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicMaterialObject ; owl:disjointWith :MineralObject . :OrganicSubstance :guid "bd58c3d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Carbon ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is similar to the Cyc concept 'OrganicMaterial' but has been reinterpreted in COSMO as a substance, not an object. Also, in COSMO cellular substances such as animal and vegetable materials are subtypes of OrganicSubstance, even though they contain up to 80% by weight of water. So it is not necessary that a substance be composed mostly of organic chemicals to qualify as an 'OrganicSubstance', but the organic compoounds should comprise most of the **non-solvent** portion of the substance. Other than the object/substance distinction, it is close to 'OrganicMaterial', but whether there is any useful distinction has not been resolved as of COSMO version 0.48. For ***objects*** that are composed predomintly from stuff derived from living things, see 'OrganicObject'. NOTE that an OrganicSubstance can be complex, and can include inorganic substances such as water. For substances composed predominantly of organic chemicals, use 'OrganicCompound' COSMO: An OrganicSubstance is a PhysicalSubstance (not an Object) whose molecules (other than inert solvent such as water) are composed predominantly of carbon atoms bonded directly either to other carbon atoms or to hydrogen atoms. Many other elements may occur in organic substances, especially oxygen and nitrogen, but the dominant molecules should each have at least one of either a carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bond. Cyc: A collection of tangible things. Each instance of #$OrganicMaterial is a tangible thing composed of one or more types of organic #$Molecule. Instances of #$OrganicMaterial usually have their origin in the bodies (or other products) of living things. Since some organic substances can be synthesized, #$OrganicMaterial is not a subcollection of #$NaturalTangibleStuff. Chemically, instances of #$OrganicMaterial have fairly (or very) complex carbon-based structures. Examples include all instances of the collections #$Oil, #$DNAStuff, #$Alcohol-Compound, #$Ivory, and #$AnimalBodyPart.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carbon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Organism :wnsense "being2n", "organism1n" ; :wordnet "being", "organism" ; a :OrganismType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Organism-Whole'. An Organism must be a whole individual, composed of one or more cells, capable of living independently of other living things (though it may have to feed on other living things, even as a parasite). This cannot be just part of an organism, such as a liver removed and fed in a perfusion apparatus. An organism can be single-celled, like a bacterium. An organism must have a cell membrane that separates the internal cytoplasm from the exterior environment while it is living and metabolizing. Therefore a virus is not an organism, but a different form of life. A seed or spore or other reproductive body that is not metabolically active is not considered as a whole Organism, but as a part or a life stage of an Organism. NOTE carefully that in COSMO v0.2 the category 'Organism' by default is intended to represent typical living adults forms of an organism, but abnormal forms are not actually excluded logically. Therefore though we make certain necessary assertions about an 'Organism' without being concerned about exceptions, the results will be true only in the default case and certain logical contradictiona may occur. This is a temporary measure until a better way of handling default reasoning is implemented. Note, for example, that dead organisms are still categorized as Organisms (this is used mostly for People), even though an Organism is disjoint with 'InanimateThing' - this is to allow the reasoner to catch unintended mistakes of classification. . When exceptional circumstances are encountered, one should use the category 'ImmatureOrganism' or 'AbnormalOrganism'. Rather than reify such categories for each organism type, they can be generated by use of functions on the typical organism Type. If functions are not available in some implementation, reification may be necessary. A more accurate solution would be to leave the organisms as generic, and create a 'typical adult' subtype to hold the values for the prototype. This requires a quasi-duplicate typical type for each organism, which may ultimately be better, but is avoided at the present COSMO stage of version 0.2. Cyc: A specialization of #$BiologicalLivingObject. Each instance of #$Organism-Whole is a biological living object (BLO) that is a whole, and not part of some other BLO. Most instances of #$Organism-Whole are capable of existing and reproducing while physically separate from other organisms (with allowances for eating and mating). Abnormal BLOs which are nonetheless considered to be instances of #$Organism-Whole include instances of #$Virus, as well as sterile hybrids and colony organisms, like those in slime molds or the instances of #$PortugueseManOfWar. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'organism' in Wordnet: 1. (9) organism, being - (a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalLivingObject, :FunctionalObject, :LifeForm, :MoistObject, :SpatiallyContinuousThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cell ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] ; owl:disjointWith :GenericSubstance, :InanimateThing . :OrganismAperture :en "organism aperture" ; :wnsense "aperture2n" ; :wordnet "aperture" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OrganismAperture'' is an ''Aperture'' that is part of an ''Organism'', internal or external. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'aperture' in WordNet: 2. aperture - (a natural opening in something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aperture, :OrganismPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :OrganismCollapse :wnsense "collapse1n", "collapse2v" ; :wordnet "collapse" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OrganismCollapse'' is the Action (usually passive) in which some ''Animal'' undergoes a deterioration in bodily stamina or vitality sufficient to either render the animal unconscious or unable to perform normal activities. This is a physical, not a mental 'collapse'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'collapse' and verb sense 2 in WordNet: 1. (3) collapse - (an abrupt failure of function or health) WN verb 'collapse': 2. (7) break down, collapse - (collapse due to fatigue, an illness, or a sudden attack) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, :GettingSick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stamina ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentType ] . :OrganismCondition :ldoce "condition" ; :wnsense "condition1n" ; :wordnet "condition" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSituation, :SystemCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organism :OrganismType ) ] ] . :OrganismPart :en "AnatomicalStructure", "anatomical structure", "organism part", "part of an organism" ; :guid "c1005766-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganismPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: an object is considered as an OrganismPart even if it was severed from the Organism of which it was originally a part. The distinction, when required, between in situ and separated parts is made by assigning attributes to the part. A specialization of both #$PhysicalPartOfObject and #$BiologicalLivingObject. Each instance of OrganismPart is an anatomical part of an organism. This collection includes the gross anatomical parts and microscopic anatomical parts of every individual of every species. In SUMO, approximate equivalent is 'AnatomicalStructure' SUMO: A collection of Cells and Tissues which are localized to a specific area of an Organism and which are not pathological. The instances of this Class range from gross structures to small components of complex Organs.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalLivingObject, :FiatObjectPart, :FunctionalObject, :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organism ] . :OrganismPartType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """OrganismPartType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for parts of organisms - plants,anma,or microorganisms.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType . :OrganismPrevalence a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OrganismPrevalence'' is the Total number or density of some Organism in some Place, which could be a large ''EcologicalPlace'' or an Organism, or a small sample of material from any PhysicalObject. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organism ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ] . :OrganismType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """OrganismType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for LifeForms (including LifeForms that are not true Organisms) and an argument restriction for various relations on specific types of organisms. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeFormType . :Organization :ldoce "organization" ; :wnsense "organisation3n", "organization1n" ; :wordnet "organisation", "organization" ; a :IntelligentAgentType, :MentalObjectType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In COSMO, an Organization differs from its representation in some other ontologies. In COSMO, an Organization is not a group of people, it is a MentalObject, an artifact created by people. the essence of an Organization is that it is organized. It therefore must have an explicit set of organizing principles (a charter or constitution) whether that is written or, as in some small informal organizations, merely retained in the minds of its members. In addition to its charter, an Organization will have one or more lists of associated agents (people or other organizations). There may be more than one list, and the 'members' may not be called members. For most Organizations the lst of 'members' can change rapidly, and defining the Organization simply as a 'group' of people leaves its identity unecessarily fluid. However, some Organizations (such as the UN or a ''SportsLeague'') have a relatively stable membership so that the list of 'members' is a defining characteristic of the organization, as well as its Charter. In that case, that kind of Organization can be represented both as an a formal ''Organization'' with a Charter, but also as a Group with the list of members providing much of the meaning. These two representations will not be contradictory as long as the Group is not also specified to be a PhysicalObject. A complex organization like a corporation may have several lists, e.g. board members, stockholders, corporate officers, employees, even long-term contractors. The relationships of the agents on those lists to the organization and to each other is specified in the charter. Any or all of the lists of associated agents ('members' in simple organizations) may be empty. An Organization can exist without members, and this differs from the specification in SUMO (below). There are some bordeline cases where groups of people have some degree of organizing principle, but no charter (consitution) developed specifically for that group. In those cases, such groups wll be instances of 'GroupOfPeople'. An example is a jury, which is called together by the judicial system, not organized by its members for their own purposes. A pick-up team of basketball or baseball players playing one day and not remaining as a team is also a GroupOfPeople. But stable suborganizations of larger organizations, such as a company or platoon of soldiers, is an Organization and not just a GroupOfPeople. Because an Organization in COSMO is not a physical object, the parts of Cyc or other ontologies that consider Organization as a subtype of group of people (a physical object) will be inconsistent. Some effort will be needed to convert Organizations in other ontologies to its representation in COSMO. NOTE: When an Organization is said to act as an 'Agent', there necessarily must be some physical agent that in fact performs the action. Thus the 'agency' of an organization differs from that of physical agents, as it will be indirect. Organization is also a subtype of 'IntelligentAgent', meaning that it can 'understand' language. This stretches the meaning of what a 'MentalObject' can be, but this representation allows one to express the properties and actions of Organization as agents in much the came way one can talk of individual people. In reality, the actions of an Organization are performed by individual people acting on the Organization's behalf. This nuance should be included in the concept of Organization, but cannot be expressed in OWL. @ToDo1: when the FOL version of COSMO is created, the proper relations of Organization action and some Person's action should be added; when an Organization 'does' something, we should be able to asK what person (or computer program) 'did' that on the Organization's behalf.. NOTE that an Organization is a LegalAgent, which is a Role, therefore needs a RoleFiller. Because an Organization is also an Object, if no more concrete individuals are known who fill the role, the Organization itself can be a RoleFiller. See 'TheBigRedOne' for an example. Every Organization is an 'Authority' because it creates rules, at least for its own members with respect to the organization. SUMO: An Organization is a corporate or similar institution. The members of an Organization typically have a common purpose or function. Note that this class also covers divisions, departments, etc. of organizations. For example, both the Shell Corporation and the accounting department at Shell would both be instances of Organization. Note too that the existence of an Organization is dependent on the existence of at least one member (since Organization is a subclass of Collection). Accordingly, in cases of purely legal organizations, a fictitious member should be assumed. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all organizations. Each instance of #$Organization is a group whose group-members are instances of #$IntelligentAgent. In each instance of #$Organization, certain relationships and obligations exist between the members of the organization, or between the organization and its members. Instances of #$Organization include both informal and legally constituted organizations. Each instance of #$Organization can undertake projects, enter into agreements, own property, and do other tasks characteristic of agents; consequently, #$Organization is a specialization of the collection #$Agent. Notable specializations of #$Organization include #$LegalGovernmentOrganization, #$CommercialOrganization, and #$GeopoliticalEntity. DOLCE: A socially-constructed person with a complex articulation of tasks, roles and figures. COSMO note: the superfluous parent Type 'Thing' was added so as to make this important Type easily visible by drill-down in the hierarchy. This is most closely represented by noun sense 1 of 'organization' in WordNet, but differs in that WordNet, as some other classifications, consider an Organization to be a subtype of 'group of people'. In COSMO there are groups of people associated with an Organization, but the Organization is a more abstract artifactual creation. Nevertheless, the usage will probably be identical except in rare circumstances. in WordNet: 1. (697) organization, organisation - (a group of people who work together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authority, :CollectiveAgent, :GenericAgent, :GenericLocation, :LegalAgent, :MentalObject, owl:Thing ; owl:disjointWith :PhysicalObject . :OrganizationAction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OrganizationAction'' is some Action taken by an ''Organization'', which can be an Organization of any kind or size, but it needs to be organized. Most common are actions by commercial or government organizations, or or by NGO's. For normal operations of a 'business' use subtype ''BusinessOperation''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanGroupActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :OrganizationByCustomersType :guid "c0861d7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of three disjoint collections, #$OrganizationWithBusinessCustomers, #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers, and #$OrganizationWithoutCustomers. The #$Organizations that are instances of the collections which are instances of #$OrganizationByClients are distinguished by the types of customers they serve or by their lack of customers (customers being used here in the sense of #$customers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationType . :OrganizationEmployees :en "employees" ; :ennp "employees" ; :wnsense "force4n", "personnel1n" ; :wordnet "force", "personnel" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A group of 'OrganizationEmployees'' is the ''WorkForce'' of paid workers that can be directed by some ''Manager'' of an Organization. This type is for all of the ''Employee''s of some Organization. Smaller groups can be represented by the parent 'WorkForce'' or by creating a specialized subtype of '''WorkForce'' NOTE: this type is intended to be the full complement of employees of an Organization, but specifying that may require FOL axioms. Needs further consideration. @ToDo. The distinction between the parent ''Personnel'' and this type ''OrganizationEmployees'' is not yet clearly defined. Thus a ''PoliceForce'' is a direct subtype of ''Personnel'', not this type. Perhaps this is a better parent?? NOTe: there is no exact synset on WN representing this concept. The closest 'personnel' is broader but can be used as a label here. 'force' is used for other concepts. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'personnel' in WordNet: 1. (27) force, personnel - (group of people willing to obey orders; 'a public force is necessary to give security to the rights of citizens') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Personnel . :OrganizationHierarchy :en "command hierarchy", "power structure'" ; :wnsense "hierarchy2n", "pecking order1n", "power structure1n" ; :wordnet "hierarchy", "pecking order", "power structure" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OrganizationHierarchy'' is an abstract ''Hierarchy'' in which the parent-daughter links represent the power or administrative reporting relations among the members of an Organization. An 'organization chart' may have an ''OrganizationHierarchy'' as a component. The termused to represent the parent-daughter relation may vary with the organization. Similar to Wikipedia ''Command Hierarchy': A command hierarchy is a group of people who carry out orders based on others' authority within the group. It can be viewed as part of a power structure, in which it is usually seen as the most vulnerable and also the most powerful part. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hierarchy' in WordNet: 2. (2) hierarchy, power structure, pecking order - (the organization of people at different ranks in an administrative body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hierarchy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganizationMembers ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :OrganizationIdentificationCode :FIBO "organization identification code" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FIBO concept, being a text string unique to an Organization and used for identification purposes. Codes may be created by non-governmental bodies. skos-definition: 'A textual code which uniquely identifies a formal organization; Further Notes: Things which may identified by this kind of code Include but are not restricted to Legal Entity. At this most general level, this may be the identifier for a Fund, for a Legal Entity, for a Trust, or for the LEI scope of Artificial Person plus Trust. """ ; rdfs:label "organization identification code" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, :Identifier . :OrganizationIdentificationCodeList a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'OrganizationIdentificationCodeList' is a CodeList that is part of a 'OrganizationIdentificationScheme' that includes the 'OrganizationIdentificationCode's for some Organizations, plus the description of how to assign such codes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CodeList, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :OrganizationIdentificationCode ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrganizationIdentificationScheme ] . :OrganizationIdentificationScheme :FIBO "organization identification scheme" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FIBO concept, being some systematic way to identify an Organization, according to which 'OrganizationIdentificationCode's are created, adn those used for identification purposes. Such schemes may be managed by non-governmental bodies. skos-definition: 'A formal scheme defining identification codes for a business entity.' """ ; rdfs:label "organization identification code" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CodeSpecification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganizationIdentificationCodeList ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ] . :OrganizationIndustrySectorClassification :FIBO "organization industry sector classification" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'OrganizationIndustrySectorClassification' seems to be either a scheme for classifying businesses according to sector, or the list of Industry sectors according to which a business can be classified. Unclear. The COSMO representation requires more detail. As a placeholder, we make this a subtype 'KnowledgeClassificationSystem' and create a 'IndustrySector' as a part of an Economy. skos-definition: 'The classification of an organization in terms of the industry sector in which it carries out business. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowledgeClassificationSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :IndustrySectorList ] . :OrganizationMember :FIBO "organization member" ; :ldoce "member" ; :wnsense "member1n" ; :wordnet "member" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OrganizationMember a member of an Organization. This corresponds to the FIBO 'organization member'. uses SKOS def: 'A member of some formally constituted organization.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'member' in WordNet: 1. (521) member - (one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participates in a group organization); 'only members will be admitted'; 'a member of the faculty'; 'she was introduced to all the members of his family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Member, :PartyInRole . :OrganizationMembers :wnsense "membership1n", "rank5n" ; :wordnet "membership", "rank" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The GroupOfPeople that are associated with an ''Organization'' as 'members', each of whom satisfies the criteria for membership in that ''Organization''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'membership' (for people) in WordNet: 1. (10) membership, rank - (the body of members of an organization or group; 'they polled their membership'; 'they found dissension in their own ranks'; 'he joined the ranks of the unemployed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :OrganizationMembership, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :OrganizationMembership :wnsense "membership1n" ; :wordnet "membership" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OrganizationMembership is the category that will include all of the agents called 'members' of an Organization (at any given time). An organization may have no affiliates called 'members' (who is a 'member' of the US government?), but may have other lists of affiliated persons. This category will be useful for reasoning about the members of an Organization, as contrasted with the Organization itself (consider the average age of the memberhip versus the age of the Organization). It is disjoint with Organization, which is a MentalObject. NOTE that an ''OrganizationMembership'' can include other ''Organization''s as well as people. For a Group of members who are People where the Organization only has people as members,use ''OrganizationMembers''. NOTE that as a 'Group' no instance of 'OrganizationMembership' can exist unless it has at least one member. To cover the case where an Organization may have no members at some particular time, a List can be created that has designators for the same individuals that are in the OrganizationMembership. If no members exist, the instance of OrganizationMembership will not exist, but the list can still exist, being empty. Alternatively if the membership roster can include 'former members' one such may serve to satisfy this minimum for Group status. The category of OrganizationMembership can provide compatibility with those ontologies that represent organizations as a group. An 'organization' that is actually Group in another ontology can be identified as this category of 'OrganizationMembership'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'membership' (for people) in WordNet: 1. (10) membership, rank - (the body of members of an organization or group; 'they polled their membership'; 'they found dissension in their own ranks'; 'he joined the ranks of the unemployed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :OrganizationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """OrganizationType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Organization as their argument. Each Organization is capable of acting as an agent, and this type is therefore a subtype of 'AgentType'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgentType, :LocationType . :OrganizationWithClients :guid "477917c2-8d05-11d6-8000-0050dab92c2f" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Organization which regularly provide goods or services to non-members, as opposed to organizations that do not provide goods or services to non-members [see #$clients, #$OrganizationWithoutClients]. Important specializations are #$OrganizationWithIndividualClients and #$OrganizationWithBusinessClients.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :OrganizationWithIndividualClients :guid "be3727e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$OrganizationWithIndividualClients is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$OrganizationWithIndividualClients is an organization whose #$clients are primarily individuals, rather than businesses or other #$Organizations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationWithClients . :OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers :guid "bd58c049-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$OrganizationWithIndividualClients. Each instance of #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers sells goods and/or services to customers, most of whom are individual #$Persons, rather than businesses or other #$Organizations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationWithIndividualClients . :Organizational :pertainsTo :Organization, :Organizing ; :wnsense "organisational1adj", "organizational1adj" ; :wordnet "organisational", "organizational" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Organizational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Organization''s or ''Organizing'' Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'organizational' in WordNet: 1. (3) organizational, organisational - (of or relating to an organization; 'organizational structure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :OrganizationalProcess a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: this type is used for Actions that commonly or characteristically occur in group of people or in Organizations (which in COSMO are not GroupOfPeople). The SUMO comment specifically refers to an Organization, but is probably intended to be broader. SUMO: An IntentionalProcess that involves an Organization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :SocialOccurrence . :OrganizationalTransfer :guid "bf9ddb52-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$OrganizationalTransfer is an event in which an #$IntelligentAgent changes membership with respect to an #$Organization. So instances of #$OrganizationalTransfer include a particular person's becoming a member of some organization, ceasing to be a member of some organization, or switching from one organization to another. Instances of #$OrganizationalTransfer may be voluntarily undertaken by the transferee, but they may also be done by some other agent (perhaps against the transferee's will). Notable specializations of #$OrganizationalTransfer include #$EmployeeHiring, #$EmploymentTermination, and #$GraduatingEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfStatusEvent, :GroupTransfer . :Organized :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Organizing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unorganized ; :wnsense "organized1adj" ; :wordnet "organized" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Organized'' is an Attribute of Groups (of any kind) that have been subjected to a process that brings some kind of 'order' to the group, although the resulting Group is not necessarily 'ordered'. This Attribute is the result of some ''Organizing'' Action - which could be natural, as in Evolution. NOTE: this has some overlap with ''Ordered''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'organized' in Wordnet: 1. (5) organized - (formed into a structured or coherent whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :OrganizedCelebration :wnsense "celebrate2v", "celebration1n", "fete1v" ; :wordnet "celebrate", "celebration", "fete" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OrganizedCelebration'' is a ''Celebration''that was previously organized. This is characterized as 'Pleasant' - which is the purpose, though not always the result. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'celebration' and verb sense 2 of ''celebrate; in WordNet: 1. (5) celebration, jubilation - (a joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event) WN verb ''clebrate': 2. (6) celebrate, fete - (have a celebration; 'They were feting the patriarch of the family'; 'After the exam, the students were celebrating') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Celebration, :Event-Organized, :PleasantThing . :OrganizedReligion :ldoce "religion" ; :wnsense "faith3n", "religion2n" ; :wordnet "faith", "religion" ; a :BeliefType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each OrganizedReligion is an Organization that adjudicates issues of Doctrine for the believers in some Religion. Not every Religion has such a body, and where subgroups of some major religion have local authorities, they may disagree with each other. The Catholic church and Anglican church have central world-wide authorities. The Orthodox churches have national authorities. For general purposes in discussing, religion, including 'organized' religion in the sense of having a priesthood, the type 'Religion' should be used. This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'religion' and 3 of 'faith' in WordNet: 2. religion, faith, organized religion - (an institution to express belief in a divine power; 'he was raised in the Baptist religion'; 'a member of his own faith contradicted him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Institution . :Organizer :wnsense "arranger1n", "organiser2n", "organizer1n" ; :wordnet "arranger", "organiser", "organizer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Organizer'' is a person who improves the functioning of a GroupOfPeople by bringing some systematic order to their activities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'organizer' in WordNet: 1. (1) organizer, organiser, arranger - (a person who brings order and organization to an enterprise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganizingaGroup ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :OrganizerFolder :en "organizer" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OrganizerFolder' is a ''Folder'' that can be closed with an attached flap (''ContainerLid'') and is divided inside into several compartments that can separate papers concerning different topics. RHW 'organizer': 4. a multiple folder or, sometimes, a notebook in which correspondence, papers, etc., are sorted by subject, date, or otherwise, for systematic handling. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Folder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compartment ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContainerLid ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Organizing :en "organizing" ; :wnsense "coordinate1v", "organise1v", "organise4v", "organize2v", "organize4v" ; :wordnet "coordinate", "organise", "organize" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most general notion of creating some sort of order from a group of physical objects. This is for putting physical objects in some spatial order, it is *NOT* for forming organizations or groups of people, or actions, nor to systematize ideas. This is a subtype of ''ImprovementEvent'', assuming that the Agent doing this would not expend the effort if the result is not expected to be an improvement in some way. corresponds approximately to the Wordnet sense 4 of 'organize' WordNet (organize 4) organize, organise, coordinate - (bring order and organization to; 'Can you help me organize my files?') However, in WordNet the word 'arrange' is a hypernym of 'organize' whereas in COSMO 'Arranging' is a subtype of 'Organizing'. In COSMO the distinction is that 'Organizing' can include actions that disperse objects into subgroups that themselves have no particular order, whereas 'Arranging' is the creation of an OrderedGroup from the starting objects. Includes verb senses 2 and 4 of 'organize' in WordNet: 2. (6) organize, organise - (cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea) 4. (4) organize, organise, coordinate - (bring order and organization to; 'Can you help me organize my files?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere . :OrganizingaGroup :wnsense "organise4v", "organize2v" ; :wordnet "organise", "organize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''OrganizingaGroup'' is a ''ManagementEvent'' in which the ''Manager'' is establishing some 'order' in an activity performed by a ''GroupOfPeople'' to make the group activity more effective. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'organize' in WordNet: 2. (6) organize, organise - (cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManagementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganizationAction ; owl:onProperty :hasAffectedEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :Orgasm :wnsense "climax3n", "coming4n", "orgasm1n", "sexual climax1n" ; :wordnet "climax", "coming", "orgasm", "sexual climax" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Orgasm'' is an intensely pleasurable internal Sensation (not from one of the five 'senses') that is produced by sex organs of men and women, when the body is stimulated, usually at the Penis or Vagina, as during 'HumanSexualIntercourse'' or ''Masturbation'', but occasionally by mental stimulation, visually or by imagination. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orgasm' in WordNet: 1. orgasm, climax, sexual climax, coming - (the moment of most intense pleasure in sexual intercourse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySensation, :PleasurableSensation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Oriental :isAnAttributeValueOf :China, :Japan, :KoreanPeninsula, :Person, :TheOrient, :Vietnam ; :pertainsTo :TheOrient ; :wnsense "Asian2adj", "oriental1adj" ; :wordnet "Asian", "oriental" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oriental' in WordNet: 1. (4) Asian, oriental - (denoting or characteristic of the biogeographic region including southern Asia and the Malay Archipelago as far as the Philippines and Borneo and Java; 'Oriental politeness'; 'for people of South and East Asian ancestry the term 'Asian' is preferred to 'Oriental''; 'Asian ancestry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Orientation :takesValue :OrientationMeasure ; :wnsense "orientation3n" ; :wordnet "orientation" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Orientation is an AttributeType whose values are 'OrientationMeasures'; this applies to Objects that have some preferred direction, i.e. a front and back. Therefore any 'FrontAndBackSidedObject' or HexalateralObject will have a preferred direction, and can be said to have an Orientation with respect to some reference object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orientation' in Wordnet: 3. orientation - (position or alignment relative to points of the compass or other specific directions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :Orientation-Viewpoint :wnsense "orientation2n" ; :wordnet "orientation" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Orientation-Viewpoint'' is a ''PointOfView'' or ''Outlook'' that is a way of 'viewing' or 'considering' or 'looking at' or 'interpreting' situations strongly influenced by a Belief or a preference for interpretations that include some aspects of a Belief. Vague differences from parents. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'orientation' in WordNet: 2. (1) orientation - (an integrated set of attitudes and beliefs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outlook, :PointOfView, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interpretation ; owl:onProperty :mayProduce ] . :OrientationMeasure :wnsense "aim4n", "bearing2n", "heading2n" ; :wordnet "aim", "bearing", "heading" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OrientationMeasure is an AttributeValue of an object or vector (such as motion) that has a front and back, the line from the back to the front having some angle (in one or more directions) relative to a frame of reference. Compass directions can be quantitative, and would be instances of the subtype 'NumericalCompassDirection'. An OrientationMeasure can be measured by a NavigationDevice, such as a Compass, that specifies a geographical orientation of the device itself and allows one to infer the geographical orientation of the person or vehicle on which the device rests. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bearing' in WordNet: 2. (1) bearing, heading, aim - (the direction or path along which something moves or along which it lies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PositionalAttribute . :OrientedPart :ldoce "top" ; :wnsense "top1n" ; :wordnet "top" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'OrientedPart' is the PhysicalObject that is oriented in one direction of a larger 'PhysicalObject' that has some specifiable orientation. A common example would be one-half of an Object that has some form of bilateral symmetry (e.g. right half, left half (or starboard or port sides, for watercraft), top part, bottom part, front part, rear part. This general type leaves open the possibility of having greater degress of symmetry than 2 (e.g. the points on a five-or six-poointed star) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :OrientingOneself :eng "orienting" ; :wnsense "orient2v", "orientate1v" ; :wordnet "orient", "orientate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OrientingOneself'' is a ''Deciding'' by a Person where that Person is relative to objects that have a known location, including geographical coordinates. This can be done by observing objects within view, or by looking at a compass or other intrument that measures location or direction. This can be used metaphorically for 'orienting' oneself by similar means in a social situation to determine one's relation to others. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'orient' in WordNet: 2. (2) orient, orientate - (determine one's position with reference to another point) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deciding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Observing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reasoning ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Origanum :wnsense "origanum1n" ; :wordnet "origanum" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'origanum' in WordNet: 1. origanum - (any of various fragrant aromatic herbs of the genus Origanum used as seasonings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :OriginOfTheUniverse :en "orgin of the universe" ; :enn "orgin of the universe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''OriginOfTheUniverse'' is the first small interval of Time (quantum uncertainty seems to prevent a single first 'point' in time) that starts the ''DevelopmentOfTheUniverse''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeginningOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cosmology ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ] . :Original :wnsense "original1adj" ; :wordnet "original" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Original' is an AttributeValue of anything that is unique (i.e. not produced in quantities greater than 1, as from a mold or manufacturing process; it may be a 'PhysicalObject' (in which case it is an 'OriginalItem'), or a 'ConceptualWork', or a first performance of a type of Event. This will usually be used for PhysicalObjects and 'ConceptualWork's. Things having this attribute are ''OriginalItem''s. For objects that are original in the sense of not being a copy, use ''Genuine''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'original' in Wordnet: 1. (22) original - (preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed; 'the original inhabitants of the Americas'; 'the book still has its original binding'; 'restored the house to its original condition'; 'the original performance of the opera'; 'the original cast'; 'retracted his original statement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OriginalItem :ldoce "original" ; :wnsense "original1n" ; :wordnet "original" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'OriginalItem' is a unique PhysicalObject that is created by a process, natural or artificial, that has not been copied by a copying process and is not a 'Copy' of anything. Corresponds approximately to, but may be broader than, noun sense 1 of 'original' in WordNet; the OriginlItem does not have to be a master recording, it could be, e.g. a painting or sculpture or photographic negative, or other original creation: in WordNet: 1. (3) master, master copy, original - (an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Original ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Copy . :OriginalScript :en "original script" ; :wnsense "manuscript1n", "ms4n" ; :wordnet "manuscript", "ms" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OriginalScript'' is a ''Paper-IBO'' ( physical Object representing a ''ConceptualWork'' on one or more pieces of paper), prepared by the original author (includes text, images, and musical notation) using any means - pen, typwriter, word processor, whatever). In the case of electronically produced documents, this only applies to a hardcopy of the form of the document transmitted for publication. Subtypes can be more specific. See subtype ''Manusript'' for the handwritten variety. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'manuscript' in WordNet: 1. (2) manuscript, ms - (the form of a literary work submitted for publication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :Paper-IBO, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConceptualWork ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :OriginalVersion :en "first version", "original", "original version" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''OriginalVersion'' is the ''Version'' of a ''ConceptualWork'' that was first created. Later ''Version'', even if identical to the original in propositional content (''hasIdenticalContent'' to ''OriginalVersion'') would still not be the same, as they have different creation times. Neither sense of 'original' in WordNet quite captures this meaning, since WN describes only physical objects, and this concept is for the abstract 'ConceptualWork''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Version . :OrinocoRiver :guid "bd588dbd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :SouthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "river of Venezuela" . :Oriole :wnsense "American oriole1n", "New World oriole1n", "oriole2n" ; :wordnet "American oriole", "New World oriole", "oriole" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """See subtype ''BaltimoreOriole'' for the Oriole most common in the northeast USA. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'oriole' in WordNet: 2. New World oriole, American oriole, oriole - (American songbird; male is black and orange or yellow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OscineBird . :Ornament :ldoce "decoration" ; :wnsense "decoration1n", "ornament1n", "ornamentation2n" ; :wordnet "decoration", "ornament", "ornamentation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PhysicalObject used (in some context) to serve as a source of pleasure when viewed, as contrasted with performing or assisting in performing some action. The distinction between this type and 'Decoration' is that an 'Ornament' may be used to enhance the appearance of a person's body - jewelry, even tattoos. When an Ornament is used to enhance the appearance of some inanimate object, it is a 'Decoration'. This distinction is not yet axiomatized (rev977) in COSMO - there may be other distinctions that can be made. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'decoration' and sense 1 of 'ornament' in WordNet: 1. (1) decoration, ornament, ornamentation - (something used to beautify) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ornamental :isAnAttributeValueOf :Decoration, :Ornament, :SurfaceFinish ; :wnsense "cosmetic1adj", "decorative1n", "ornamental1adj" ; :wordnet "cosmetic", "decorative", "ornamental" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Ornamental is the attribute of something that was designed as an Ornament, but also can be an attribute of a natural object that is *used* as an ornament, such as a seashell gathered at a beach. This can also be appled to the surface appearance of Objects that have been 'finished' in a manner to enhance their appearance. NOTE that to be ornamental is not disjoint from being useful - useful objects are often ornamented or designed to be pleasant in appearance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ornamental' in Wordnet: 1. cosmetic, decorative, ornamental - (serving an esthetic rather than a useful purpose; 'cosmetic fenders on cars'; 'the buildings were utilitarian rather than decorative') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OrnamentalBand :ldoce "band" ; :wnsense "band4n" ; :wordnet "band" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BandShapedObject fixed to the surface of a large object to serve as an ornament. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'band' in WordNet: 4. (2) band, banding, stripe - (an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandShapedObject, :HairAccessory . :OrnamentalClasp :en "ornamental clasp" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OrnamentalClasp'' is a ''Clasp''.that is ''Ornamental'' and not solely utilitarian. It is designed to hold objects together where they will be visible, and to make the combined object more pleasant to look at. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clasp, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OrnamentalRivet :wnsense "rivet1n", "stud2n" ; :wordnet "rivet", "stud" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stud' in WordNet: 2. stud, rivet - (ornament consisting of a circular rounded protuberance (as on a vault or shield or belt)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ornament . :OrnamentalVase :wnsense "vase1n" ; :wordnet "vase" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Jar'' (open top container) usually made of ceramic, but possibly made of glass, plastic, or metal that has no cap, and can be of any size, distingushing it from a ''vase'' that can hold and display ''CutFlower''s. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'vase' (ornamental part) in WordNet: 1. (12) vase - (an open jar of glass or porcelain used as an ornament or to hold flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Holder, :Jar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CutFlower ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ornate :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtifactObject ; :wnsense "embellished2adj", "ornamented1adj", "ornate1adj" ; :wordnet "embellished", "ornamented", "ornate" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """It is unclear how 'embellished' an object ust be to qualify as ''Ornate''. If ''Ornate'' it was presuably intended to be ''Ornamental'', os it is a subattribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ornate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) embellished, ornamented, ornate - (rich in decorative detail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ornamental . :Ornithologist :guid "c1007cd8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bird watcher1n", "ornithologist1n" ; :wordnet "bird watcher", "ornithologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ornithologist' in WordNet: 1. ornithologist, bird watcher - (a zoologist who studies birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Zoologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Orphan :wnsense "orphan1n" ; :wordnet "orphan" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orphan' in WordNet: 1. (1) orphan - (a child who has lost both parents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orphanage ; owl:onProperty :residesIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orphaned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orphaning ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Orphanage :wnsense "orphanage2n", "orphans' asylum1n" ; :wordnet "orphanage", "orphans' asylum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PublicService publicinstitution Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'orphanage' in WordNet: 2. orphanage, orphans' asylum - (a public institution for the care of orphans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicInstitution, :ResidentialBuilding . :Orphaned :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Orphaning ; :wnsense "orphan1adj", "orphaned1adj" ; :wordnet "orphan", "orphaned" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Orphaned'' is the attribute of a ''MinorChild'' that has lost ''BothParents'' in an ''Orphaning'' Event.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'orphaned' in Wordnet: 1. orphan, orphaned - (deprived of parents by death or desertion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Orphaning :wnsense "orphan1v" ; :wordnet "orphan" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'orphan' in WordNet: 1. orphan - (deprive of parents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Divesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothParents ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orphaned ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orphan ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orphan ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Orthodontia :wnsense "dental orthopaedics1n", "dental orthopedics1n", "orthodontia1n", "orthodontics1n", "orthodonture1n" ; :wordnet "dental orthopaedics", "dental orthopedics", "orthodontia", "orthodontics", "orthodonture" ; a :OccupationType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Orthodontia'' is a branch of ''Dentistry'' in which an ''Orthodontist' treats patients to improve tooth appearance and function, especially by preparing and fixing braces that help a person's teeth grow in properly aligned (especially of young people). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orthodontia' in WordNet: 1. orthodontics, orthodontia, orthodonture, dental orthopedics, dental orthopaedics - (the branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dentistry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthodontist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrthodonticCareEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraighteningTeeth ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :OrthodonticCareEvent :en "orthodontic care" ; :guid "c0fd5c45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The long event in which teeth are straightened using braces, retainer, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DentalCareEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthodontist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Orthodontist :guid "bd58888b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "orthodontist1n" ; :wordnet "orthodontist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orthodontist' in WordNet: 1. orthodontist - (a dentist specializing in the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dentist, :Graduate, :Prescriber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthodontia ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Orthodox :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AdoptingaCustom, :EstablishingSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unorthodox ; :wnsense "orthodox2adj" ; :wordnet "orthodox" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Orthodox'' is a subtype of ''LongEstablished'' that refers to beliefs or practices that are considered by some large GroupOfPeople as true or correct or most proper or appropriate. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'orthodox' in Wordnet: 2. (3) orthodox - (adhering to what is commonly accepted; 'an orthodox view of the world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Common, :LongEstablished . :OrthodoxPriest :guid "8888984e-7b5e-41d7-9791-a7bc97fef108" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Priest of any of the Catholic Orthodox hierarchies, which are organized nationally.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Priest . :Orthodoxy :wnsense "orthodoxy1n" ; :wordnet "orthodoxy" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orthodoxy' in WordNet: 1. (1) orthodoxy - (the quality of being orthodox (especially in religion)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unoriginality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthodox ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Orthopedics :wnsense "orthopaedics1n", "orthopedics1n" ; :wordnet "orthopaedics", "orthopedics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orthopedics' in WordNet: 1. orthopedics, orthopaedics - (the branch of medical science concerned with disorders or deformities of the spine and joints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkeletalSystem ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthotic ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinalColumn ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthopedist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Orthopedist :wnsense "orthopaedist1n", "orthopedist1n" ; :wordnet "orthopaedist", "orthopedist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'orthopedist' in WordNet: 1. orthopedist, orthopaedist - (a specialist in correcting deformities of the skeletal system (especially in children)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkeletalSystem ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthopedics ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Orthotic :en "orthosis", "orthotic" ; :enn "orthosis", "orthotic" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Orthotic'' is a ''MedicalDevice'' that supports some part of the body and may also provide a form of gentle pressure that allows some misshapen body part to grow closer to the normal shape. NOTE: this may be extended to include any device that assists some body function when worn on the body, including electronic devices to assist perception. That would be a non-tradtional extended meaning. This assists body function and differs from a 'prosthesis' which is designed to replace a non-functioning body part. RHW: 'orthotic': 1. Also, orthosis. a device or support, esp. for the foot, used to relieve or correct an orthopedic problem. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :MedicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthopedist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Orthopedics ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Oscar-Figurine :en "Oscar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Oscar-Figurine'' is a physical statuette that symbolizes the receipt of an AcademyAward. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AwardSymbol, :Figurine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AcademyAward ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Oscillating :guid "bffc54c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oscillate2v" ; :wordnet "oscillate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'Translation-BackAndForth' in CYC, This type may be broader than the CYC type because it includes periodic partial rotations as well as period rectiliner movement. ''Oscillating'' in COSMO includes a periodic rotating movement around some center of rotation, whether the center of rotation is at the end or at some distance from the end of the moving object, as well as rectilinear periodic reversing motion CYC; 'Translation-BackAndForth': The #$objectMoving in a #$Translation-BackAndForth periodically translates back and forth along a path. Neither end of the path is a #$toLocation or a #$fromLocation, because an instance of #$Translation-BackAndForth can begin or end at either location, or even at another location on the path between them. Examples include the movement of the weight at the bottom of a swinging pendulum, or of a shuttle bus making repeated round trips between downtown and the airport. Each 'period' of the movement must begin and end at roughly the same location, and is thus an instance of #$Translation-RoundTrip. #$Translation-RoundTrip is not, however, a subcollection of #$Translation-BackAndForth, because a single round trip is not enough to establish periodicity. For periodic rotation back and forth around an axis, see #$PeriodicReversingRotation. COSMO note: this is very general, and includes subtypes ''ShakingMotion'', ''Swinging'', ''Shuddering'', ''Vibration'' and ''Earthquake'' - use the subtypes if applicable. SUMO (Tremor): Motion that involves rapidly Rotating between two positions. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'oscillate' in WordNet: 2. oscillate, vibrate - (move or swing from side to side regularly; 'the needle on the meter was oscillating') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translation-Periodic . :Oscilloscope :wnsense "CRO1n", "cathode-ray oscilloscope1n", "oscilloscope1n", "scope4n" ; :wordnet "CRO", "cathode-ray oscilloscope", "oscilloscope", "scope" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for simple Oscilloscopes that measure voltage of an electrical signal as a function of time. Nothing as fancy as a color TV. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oscilloscope' in WordNet: 1. oscilloscope, scope, cathode-ray oscilloscope, CRO - (electronic equipment that provides visual images of varying electrical quantities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice . :OscineBird :wnsense "oscine bird1n", "oscine1n" ; :wordnet "oscine", "oscine bird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oscine bird' in WordNet: 1. oscine, oscine bird - (passerine bird having specialized vocal apparatus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PasseriformBird . :Osmium :guid "bd58d0d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "76"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Hard ; :wnsense "Os2n", "osmium1n" ; :wordnet "Os", "osmium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Osmium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'osmium' in WordNet: 1. osmium, Os, atomic number 76 - (a hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrittleSubstance, :PreciousMetal, :UnalloyedMetal . :Osprey :guid "bd5e0b61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Pandion haliaetus1n", "fish eagle1n", "fish hawk1n", "osprey1n", "sea eagle1n" ; :wordnet "Pandion haliaetus", "fish eagle", "fish hawk", "osprey", "sea eagle" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BiologicalTaxonType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'osprey' in WordNet: 1. osprey, fish hawk, fish eagle, sea eagle, Pandion haliaetus - (large harmless hawk found worldwide that feeds on fish and builds a bulky nest often occupied for years) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hawk . :Ostentatious :wnsense "ostentatious1adj", "pretentious2adj" ; :wordnet "ostentatious", "pretentious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ostentatious' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ostentatious, pretentious - (intended to attract notice and impress others; 'an ostentatious sable coat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conspicuous . :OstentatiousDisplay :wnsense "fanfare1n", "flash6n", "ostentation1n", "ostentation3n" ; :wordnet "fanfare", "flash", "ostentation" ; a :ActionType, :InformationType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OstentatiousDisplay'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which some Person or Persons perform an Action (including speaking) that is intended to impress the onlooker or listener with the knowledge or skill of the one performing the Action. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'ostentation' in WordNet: 1. ostentation, fanfare, flash - (a gaudy outward display) 3. ostentation - (pretentious or showy or vulgar display) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ostentatious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Osteoporosis :wnsense "osteoporosis1n" ; :wordnet "osteoporosis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Osteoporosis'' causes bones to become weak and brittle and more subject to fracture than in normal healthy people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'osteoporosis' in WordNet: 1. (1) osteoporosis - (abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPartDysfunction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bone ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeakeningOfBones ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Ostrich :guid "bd67b796-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Struthio camelus1n", "ostrich2n" ; :wordnet "Struthio camelus", "ostrich" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all ostriches. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ostrich' in WordNet: 2. ostrich, Struthio camelus - (fast-running African flightless bird with two-toed feet; largest living bird) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlightlessBird . :OtherPeople :en "others", "people" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OtherPeople'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that does not include some referent Person or GroupOfPeople. This can refer to other than thespeaker, or others than the Group to which the speaker belongs, or others than some GroupOfPeople previously referred to in a discourse by a speaker: 'Some people like dogs, others like cats'. See adjective ''Other'' for a term that can refer to any other type of thing. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'other' in WordNet: 1. (915) other - (not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; 'today isn't any other day'- the White Queen; 'the construction of highways and other public works'; 'he asked for other employment'; 'any other person would tell the truth'; 'his other books are still in storage'; 'then we looked at the other house'; 'hearing was good in his other ear'; 'the other sex'; 'she lived on the other side of the street from me'; 'went in the other direction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Otologist :wnsense "ear doctor1n", "ear specialist1n", "otologist1n" ; :wordnet "ear doctor", "ear specialist", "otologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'otologist' in WordNet: 1. ear doctor, ear specialist, otologist - (a physician who specializes in the ear and its diseases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Otology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Otology :wnsense "otology1n" ; :wordnet "otology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'otology' in WordNet: 1. otology - (the branch of medicine concerned with the ear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ear ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hearing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Otologist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :OttawaRiver :guid "bd58f633-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the principal rivers of the world" . :Otter :guid "bd58d1da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "otter2n" ; :wordnet "otter" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Freshwater'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'otter' in Wordnet: 2. otter - (freshwater carnivorous mammal having webbed and clawed feet and dark brown fur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mustelidae . :Ouch :en "wow" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ouch'' is a suddenly emitted word expressing pain. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :OustingFromaPosition :guid "bf9ce00f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boot out1v", "drum out1v", "expel3v", "kick out2v", "oust1v", "throw out4v" ; :wordnet "boot out", "drum out", "expel", "kick out", "oust", "throw out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OustingFromaPosition'' is the Action of involuntary removal of an Agent (Person or Group or Organization) from some 'position' (having some title or rights, as informl as Student, as formal as President) from any Group or Organization. CYC 'ExpellingFromStatus': A collection of #$ChangeOfStatusEvents: in each instance of #$ExpellingFromStatus, a person, group, or organization is expelled from a status that it had previously, so that the agent in question has the status before the expelling event and lacks the status after the event is over. An expulsion from status is ordinarily considered to have 'permanent' effect. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'oust' in WordNet: 1. (4) oust, throw out, drum out, boot out, kick out, expel - (remove from a position or office; 'The chairman was ousted after he misappropriated funds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpellinganAgent . :OutOfBody :en "out-of-body" ; :enadj "out-of-body" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No WN sense for this. RHW adj 'out-of-body': adj.: of, pertaining to, or characterized by the dissociative sensation of perceiving oneself from an external vantage point, as though the mind or soul has left the body and is acting on its own: an alleged out-of-body experience. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conspicuous . :OutOfBreath :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Gasping ; :wnsense "blown3adj", "gasping1adj", "out of breath1adj", "panting1adj", "pursy1adj", "short-winded1adj", "winded1adj" ; :wordnet "blown", "gasping", "out of breath", "panting", "pursy", "short-winded", "winded" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''OutOfBreath'' is for a Person who is breathing very hard, For a Person who has trouble breathing (temporarily or longer term), the subAttribute ''Breathless'' is appropriate. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'out of breath' in Wordnet: 1. blown, gasping, out of breath, panting, pursy, short-winded, winded - (breathing laboriously or convulsively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OutOfControl :en "out of control" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Uncontrolled ; :wnsense "wildly2adv" ; :wordnet "wildly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OutOfControl'' is the ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify ''Action''s to indicate that behavior was performed in a ''Uncontrolled'' or seemingly uncontrolled manner Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'wildly' in WordNet: 2. (4) wildly - (in an uncontrolled or unrestrained manner; 'He gesticulated wildly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :OutOfDoors :wnsense "outdoors1n" ; :wordnet "outdoors" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'OutsideLocation' is any 'GenericLocation' that is located in the Earth's atmosphere but outside of any structures and exposed to weather. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'outdoors' in WordNet: 1. outdoors, out-of-doors, open air, open - (where the air is unconfined; 'he wanted to get outdoors a little'; 'the concert was held in the open air'; 'camping in the open') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoor ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :IndoorLocation . :OutOfFuel a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OutOfFuel' is an attribute of a Device that cannot perform its DesignFunction, because it requires fuel to operate, and there is no fuel in its fuel reservoir, as in 'out of gas'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnableToFunction . :OutOfPlace :isTheOppositeOf :Indirect ; :wnsense "inapposite1adj", "out of place1adj" ; :wordnet "inapposite", "out of place" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'out of place' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inapposite, out of place - (of an inappropriate or misapplied nature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OutOfPractice :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Rusting ; :wnsense "out of practice1adj", "rusty3adj" ; :wordnet "out of practice", "rusty" ; a :CapabilityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'out of practice' in Wordnet: 1. out of practice, rusty - (impaired in skill by neglect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OutOfSight :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Hidden ; :wnsense "out of sight1adv", "out of view1adv" ; :wordnet "out of sight", "out of view" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OutOfSight' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' characterizing an Action in which a PhysicalObject either was not visible or which was visible became no longer visible, but is not necessarily ''Hidden''. This phrase can also be used as an attribute - needs more analysis. 'objects stowed out of sight' NOTE: 'out of sight' also appears in WN as an adjective Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'out of view' in Wordnet: 1. out of sight, out of view - (no longer visible; 'the ship disappeared behind the horizon and passed out of sight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Outbreak :wnsense "eruption4n", "irruption3n", "outbreak1n" ; :wordnet "eruption", "irruption", "outbreak" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Outbreak' is a ''SalientEvent'' that is or causes something ''Undesirable'' affecting more than a few people, and starts (relatively) suddenly, though (as with subtype ''Epidemic'') it may persist over months. WN gloss says 'violent' but this includes diseases, so violence is *not* a necessary component. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outbreak' in WordNet: 1. (1) outbreak, eruption, irruption - (a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition); 'the outbreak of hostilities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SalientEvent, :UndesirableEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UndesirableEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RapidOnset ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BigGroupOfVictims ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :Outbuilding :wnsense "outbuilding1n" ; :wordnet "outbuilding" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Outbuilding'' is a ''FixedStructure'' that is typically smaller than some other ''Building'' that it is associated with (on the same tract of land, owned by the same owner). This is very general, and can include a 'structure' as small as a ''Doghouse'' (but not a bird house). This can be attached to or detached from the main building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outbuilding' in WordNet: 1. outbuilding - (a building that is subordinate to and separate from a main building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ] . :OutburstOfEmotion :causes :Annoyance ; :wnsense "blowup2n", "ebullition1n", "effusion1n", "gush2n", "outburst1n" ; :wordnet "blowup", "ebullition", "effusion", "gush", "outburst" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'OutburstOfEmotion'' is a form of ''ExpressingEmotion'' that is sudden and largely unplanned or uncontrolled. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outburst' in WordNet: 1. (3) effusion, gush, outburst, blowup, ebullition - (an unrestrained expression of emotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingEmotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crying ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unplanned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uncontrolled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Outcome :ldoce "effect", "result" ; :wnsense "consequence1n", "effect1n", "final result1n", "outcome1n", "result1n", "result3n", "upshot1n" ; :wordnet "consequence", "effect", "final result", "outcome", "result", "upshot" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Outcome is an Effect (any SituationProcessEventOrState, often a PersistentState) that is caused by some preceding Event, for which there are at least two outcomes that could be anticipated; an instance of Outcome specifies which of the possible results actually happened. A common example is the Outcome of a contest (or more serious conflict), who is the winner of a game? What was the score? Who won the war? Did Batman defeat the Joker? and so on. But Events other than conflicts also may have multiple anticipated possible results (did they rescue the trapped miners alive?), and the results of those Events also are included in this type. This type is a Role and represents a point of view regarding the Effect; it is not necessary to represent an Effect as an Outcome unless the application finds that useful Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outcome', senses 1 and 3 of 'result', sense 1 of 'effect' and sense 1 of 'final result' in WordNet: WN 'outcome' 1. (16) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') WN noun 'result': 1. (97) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot - (a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; 'the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise'; 'his decision had depressing consequences for business'; 'he acted very wise after the event') 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effect, :Result, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ] . :Outdated :isTheOppositeOf :Contemporary, :Modern, :Up-to-date ; :wnsense "noncurrent1adj", "obsolete1adj", "out-of-date1adj", "outdated1adj", "superannuated3adj" ; :wordnet "noncurrent", "obsolete", "out-of-date", "outdated", "superannuated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Outdated'' is the attribute of things - objects, practices, events - that are no longer ocurring or are out-of-date. For things no longer legally valid use ''Expired''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'noncurrent' in WordNet: 1. noncurrent - (not current or belonging to the present time) WN out-of-date 1. obsolete, outdated, out-of-date, superannuated - (old; no longer in use or valid or fashionable; 'obsolete words'; 'an obsolete locomotive'; 'outdated equipment'; 'superannuated laws'; 'out-of-date ideas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Outdoor :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt :OutOfDoors, :OutdoorLocation, :OutsideLocation ; :isTheOppositeOf :Indoor ; :ldoce "outdoor" ; :wnsense "out-of-door1adj", "outdoor1adj", "outside3adj" ; :wordnet "out-of-door", "outdoor", "outside" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Outdoor' is an AttributeValue of Regions, Objects, or Events that occur at an 'OutdoorLocation'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outdoor' in WordNet: 1. (6) outdoor, out-of-door, outside - (located, suited for, or taking place in the open air; 'outdoor clothes'; 'badminton and other outdoor games'; 'a beautiful outdoor setting for the wedding') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OutdoorActivity :guid "c0fd4da3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :typicallyOccursAt :Outdoors ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any action that typically occurs outdoors." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action . :OutdoorArea :en "outdoor area" ; :enn "outdoor area" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is for ''Outdoor'' ''GeographicalArea''s that are in the atmosphere on the Earth's surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoor ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutdoorLocation ; owl:onProperty :occupiesTheRegion ] . :OutdoorArtifact :en "outdoor area" ; :wnsense "area4n" ; :wordnet "area" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OutdoorArtifact'' is a ''ConstructionArtifact'' designed for some ''HumanActivity''s that is not an indoor part of a structure. NOTE: indoor areas are included in as ''PartOfBuilding''. Corresponds to *part* (for outdoor structures) of noun sense 1 of 'area' in WordNet: 4. (42) area - (a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function; \"the spacious cooking area provided plenty of room for servants\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :OutsideLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutsideLocation ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :OutdoorClothing :en "outdoor clothing item" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A piece of Clothing that is intended to be worn outdoors. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, :DurableGood . :OutdoorGeographicalObject :en "outdoor geographical object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large PhysicalObject on the Earth's surface located outdoors so as to be visible from some distance.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalObject, :OutdoorObject, :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoor ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OutdoorLocation :guid "bd58b186-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "out", "outside" ; :wnsense "out1adv", "outdoors1n", "outside1adv" ; :wordnet "out", "outdoors", "outside" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is for locations that are in the atmosphere on or near the surface of the Earth, but not inside a structure. For locations on the surface of the Earth that are not inside a structure nor in the atmosphere (e.g.under water or underground), use 'OutsideLocation'. CYC: A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. Each instance of #$OutdoorLocation is a region of outdoor space; i.e. a region that is directly subject to atmospheric weather. Thus, the collection #$OutdoorLocation does _not_ include as instances any instances of #$UnderwaterLocation (q.v.) or any places that are underground (see #$Underground). Specializations of #$OutdoorLocation include #$MountainRange, #$Stream, and #$Highway. This is a Location, but it can be a PhysicalObject, so is not disjoint from PhysicalObject. For the PhysicalObjects that predominantly occupy certain 'OutdoorLocation's see subtypes of 'GeographicalObject'. This is hard to distinguish from 'outdors' in essential meaning, though these two words are used in different syntactical structures. @ToDo: perhaps more thought to this? This sense can also be linguistically signalled by the word 'out' ('I'm going out for a walk'), but there is no sense of 'out' in WordNet exactly corresponding to this concept - closest is the adverb 'out', only part of which is included in this sense of 'Outdoors': in WordNet: WN adverb 'out' 1. (5) out - (away from home; 'they went out last night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outdoors, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoor ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OutdoorObject :guid "daa9c8d0-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object that is typically located Outdoors. Some OutdoorObjects, such as trees and lawns, may in unusual cases be located in some large enclosed space. COSMO note: In Cyc this was 'Outdoors-ExposedToWeather', and included a heterogeneous grouping of objects, substances, and regions. In COSMO it is strictly a physical object, restricted to those objects typically located 'Outdoors'. Cyc comment: The collection of instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized that are outside under the sky, exposed to weather, not immersed in water, not in space, and not underground. In Cyc buildings and building complexes are considered as 'OutdoorObject', and COSMO follows this usage.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoor ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoors ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :OutdoorRecreationArea :guid "f1a98958-68fe-11d6-9e69-0002b34b8539" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cosmo note: terms ending in 'Area' are generally the sum of the ''PhysicalObject''s located in some ''Region'', which is a region of space and disjoint with ''PhysicalObject''. This usage differs from CYC usage. NOTE: an 'OutdoorRecreationArea'' is broadly interpreted to mean that its purpose is for any kind of simple relaxation or vigorous sports activity, the only restriction being that it is not dedicated to productive working actions. CYC: A specialization of #$OutdoorLocation and #$Artifact. Each instance of #$OutdoorRecreationArea is an area designed to provide a venue for outdoor entertainment. Specializations include #$AmusementPark, #$SwimmingPool-Outdoor, #$SkiSlope, #$GolfCourse and #$DrivingRange. A natural beach that has not been crafted by human hands to serve as a venue for entertainment is not an instance of #$OutdoorRecreationArea, but a beach with lifeguards or snack bars or a scenic trail is an instance of #$OutdoorRecreationArea. For the more specific LandArea that is used for recreation, use some subtype of this type or ''RecreationalArea''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :GeographicalArea, :OpenArea . :Outdoors :ldoce "out", "outside" ; :wnsense "out1adv", "outdoors1n", "outside1adv" ; :wordnet "out", "outdoors", "outside" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any region of space on the surface of the Earth, within the Earth's atmosphere, or on some object itself located on the surface of the Earth (including on ships at sea), which is **not** inside of an enclosed structure. NOTE that some minor pars of such a region may have structures, and may therefore contin some indoors regions, but this is a subtype of GeographicaRegion which is mostly outside of structures. A GeographicalRegion that is mostly inside a dense city and includes multiple buildings would not be an instance of this type, but a courtyard in a city would be. NOTE that 'OutdoorLocation' applies to whole area, and to be in an 'OutdoorLocation' does not necessarily imply that one is not inside a building. See 'OutdoorObject' for further elaboration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outdoors' in WordNet: 1. outdoors, out-of-doors, open air, open - (where the air is unconfined; 'he wanted to get outdoors a little'; 'the concert was held in the open air'; 'camping in the open') WN WN Although adverb sense 1 of 'outside' is an adverb,it seems to have WN the same meaning as 'outdoors': 1. (15) outside, outdoors, out of doors, alfresco - (outside a building; 'in summer we play outside') WN WN This sense can also be linguistically signalled by the word 'out' WN ('I'm going out for a walk'), but there is no sense of 'out' in WordNet WN exactly corresponding to this concept - closest is the WN adverb 'out', only part of which is included in this sense of WN 'Outdoors': WN adverb 'out' 1. (5) out - (away from home; 'they went out last night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion, :OutsideLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoor ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :IndoorLocation . :Outer :isTheOppositeOf :Inner ; :wnsense "exterior1adj", "outer1adj", "outer3adj" ; :wordnet "exterior", "outer" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of the AttributeValue 'External', signifying that the entity characterized is near or at the surface or perimeter of some object or place. 'an outer wall' 'the outer gate' Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'outer' and part of adjective sense 1 of 'exterior' in WordNet; (the notion of 'suitable for' as in 'exterior paint' is not included in this sense - this is a location attribute): in WordNet: 1. (6) outer - (being on the outside or further from a center; 'spent hours adorning the outer man'; 'the outer suburbs') 3. outer - (being on or toward the outside of the body; 'the outer ear') WN adj 'exterior': 1. (2) exterior - (situated in or suitable for the outdoors or outside of a building; 'an exterior scene'; 'exterior grade plywood'; 'exterior paints') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :External . :OuterEarAndEardrum :hasComponentElement :Ear, :Eardrum ; a :Group, :Pair . :OuterEdge a :RoleType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OuterEdge'' is a feature of a ''FlatObject'' that is located at the outer border between the object itself and the rest of the world. NOTE that the ''FlatObject'' can be part of a larger object, such as the top part of a container that holds the opening into the container. Thus a door frame is an example, as is the top rim of a vase or a jar. For disk-like objects such as wheels, the outer edge would be circular. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdgeOnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlatObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :OuterGarment :guid "c0f46c1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "outer garment1n", "overgarment1n" ; :wordnet "outer garment", "overgarment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ClothingItem. Each instance of #$OuterGarment is a piece of clothing that is worn outside of other garments. A common purpose of outer garments is to protect their wearers and/or their wearers' inner garments from outside elements (for example, instances of the specialization #$RainCoat protect their wearers and their wearers' inner garments from getting wet during a rain storm). An instance of #$OuterGarment may also be a robe of office or position, such as an academic gown or a bishop's mantle. NOTE: that this is not necessarily intended to be worn outdoors. For outdoor wear, use ''OutdoorClothing'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outer garment' in WordNet: 1. overgarment, outer garment - (a garment worn over other garments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :Garment . :OuterPhysicalSurface :ldoce "surface" ; :wnsense "surface1n" ; :wordnet "surface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'OuterPhysicalSurface' is some part of the outer surface of a Three-Dimensional 'PhysicalObject'. This is only that portion of the matter of the surface that can be *seen* from the outside (if opaque), or is in contact with other objects that are pressed onto it, and is therefore very thin, but it is a PhysicalObject. It may be only one or a few atoms thick. This is the part that can be cleaned to remove adhering material. This differs from 'SurfacePortion' in that it *may be* (but is not necessarily) the whole of the physical surface. For a deeper portion of the surface (such as the surface of a body of water that can float a boat) use 'Surface-Physical'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surface' in WordNet: 1. (103) surface - (the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary; 'there is a special cleaner for these surfaces'; 'the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalFeature, :Surface-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OuterSpace :doesNotHavePart :Earth, :EarthsAtmosphere ; :ldoce "space" ; :wnsense "outer space1n" ; :wordnet "outer space" ; a :OuterSpaceRegion ; rdfs:comment """'OuterSpace' is the whole region that includes every region of space that is not on or in the Earth or in its atmosphere. Sometimes just referred to as 'space' ('on Earth or in space') No sense of 'space' in WordNet corresponds to this concept. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outer space' in WordNet: 1. (1) outer space - - (any location outside the Earth's atmosphere; 'the astronauts walked in outer space without a tether') """ . :OuterSpaceLocation a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OuterSpaceLocation is any place (including objects) outside the Earth's atmosphere. One caution - because the Earth is an AstronomicalObject, not all AstronomicalObjects are OuterSpace Locations. The subtype 'AsronomicalObject' includes all physical objects outside the Earth's atmosphere. NOTE that 'OuterSpaceRegion' is the Region corresponding to this location. But Regions are disjoint from PhysicalObjects, so this type is not identical to 'OuterSpaceRegion'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place . :OuterSpaceObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any physical objects outside the Earth's atmosphere, including artificial Earth satellites.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AstronomicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astronomer ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :OuterSpaceRegion :CYC "SpaceRegion" ; :SUMO "SpaceRegion" ; :en "outer space", "outer space region" ; :guid "be5c5d8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OuterSpace is any part of the region beyond the limits of the Earth's atmosphere, including locations on or inside of other planets. It is disjoint with ''GeographicalRegion''. It is also disjoint with locations under the Earth's surface (which are not included in ''GeographicalRegion'). Called 'SpaceRegion' in Cyc and SUMO: Cyc: A specialization of both #$SpatialThing and #$IntangibleIndividual (qq.v.) whose instances are regions of space that exclusively act as possible locations for other spatial objects, and thus are immobile. A space region might be three-, two-, one-, or zero-dimensional; and spatial objects occupy such regions accordingly. Three-dimensional space regions (see #$ChunkOfSpace) can be occupied by solid objects. Two-dimensional space regions (or #$SpaceSurfaces) can be occupied by a purely two-dimensional objects. And similarly for one-dimensional space regions (#$SpaceLines) and zero-dimensional space regions (#$SpacePoints). Another important specialization of #$SpaceRegion is #$SpaceRegion-Empirical, whose instances are pieces of the embedding space for spatio-temporal objects (see #$SpatialThing-Localized). For more on spatial location and occupancy, see #$AbsoluteLocationalPredicate and its instances. SUMO: The class of all Regions which are not GeographicAreas. NOTE that 'OuterSpaceLocation' is the Location corresponding to this Region. But Regions are disjoint from PhysicalObjects, and this type includes physical objects like planets and stars, so this type is not identical to 'OuterSpaceLocation, but is a subtype'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterSpaceLocation, :PhysicalSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :isNotaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isNotaPartOf ] ; owl:disjointWith :GeographicalRegion . :OuterSpaceVacuum a :FreeSpaceRegion, :OuterSpaceRegion ; rdfs:comment """OuterSpaceVacuum is the (near-) vacuum that permeates the universe and surrounds every AstronomicalBody. This is an instance, not a collection of parts of the OuterSpace region, and it includes all of the OuterSpace region, exclusive of those parts that are occupied by astronomical objects, and through which a spacecraft could not travel.""" . :Outfield :wnsense "outfield1n" ; :wordnet "outfield" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'Outfield' is the entire part of a BaseballField outside the area delimited by the four bases (the 'infield'), consisting of RightField and LeftField and CenterField. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outfield' in WordNet: 1. (2) outfield - (the area of a baseball playing field beyond the lines connecting the bases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticFieldPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Baseball ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballField ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RightField ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CenterField ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeftField ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballDiamond ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ] . :Outfielder :wnsense "outfielder1n" ; :wordnet "outfielder" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outfielder' in WordNet: 1. (4) outfielder - ((baseball) a person who plays in the outfield) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fielder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outfield ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :Outgoing :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Resigning, :Retiring ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :LeavingaPlace ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :OustingFromaPosition ; :wnsense "outgoing1adj" ; :wordnet "outgoing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Outgoing'' is an atribute with two salient meanings: it characterizes an Object that is ''LeavingaPlace'' or a Person who is leaving a position of employment or a government position. The WN gloss suggests that the synset represents both meanings. NOTE:theere is no COSMO type for the general action of leaving some position, so that is repreented by three conceptual subtypes: 'OustingFromaPosition'', ''Retiring'', and 'Resigning'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outgoing' in Wordnet: 1. (2) outgoing - (leaving a place or a position; 'an outgoing steamship'; 'the outgoing president') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OutgrowingClothes :en "outgrowing clothes" ; :wnsense "outgrow1v" ; :wordnet "outgrow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Outgrowing'' is a ''GrowingEvent'' and a ''Development'' in which some Person eomes too large to fit into the clothes that they used to wear. Corresponds to *part* (for size of people vs clothing) verb sense 1 of 'outgrow' in WordNet: 1. (1) outgrow - (grow too large or too mature for; 'I have outgrown these clothes'; 'She outgrew her childish habits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Development, :GrowingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Larger ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnuseableClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Outgrowth :wnsense "offshoot1n", "outgrowth1n" ; :wordnet "offshoot", "outgrowth" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Outgrowth'' is an 'Effect'' (Event,including states) of some Event that is of a different type from the Event preceding it, and which results by or as if by some gradual process analogous to 'growth'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outgrowth' in WordNet: 1. outgrowth, branch, offshoot, offset - (a natural consequence of development) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effect, :Result, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Development ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :Outing :wnsense "excursion1n", "expedition4n", "jaunt1n", "junket2n", "outing1n", "pleasure trip1n", "sashay3n" ; :wordnet "excursion", "expedition", "jaunt", "junket", "outing", "pleasure trip", "sashay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Outing'' is a 'Travel-TripEvent' taken for pleasure rather than for business or to perform chores. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outing' in WordNet: 1. (1) excursion, jaunt, outing, junket, pleasure trip, expedition, sashay - (a journey taken for pleasure; 'many summer excursions to the shore'; 'it was merely a pleasure trip'; 'after cautious sashays into the field') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Travel-TripEvent ; owl:disjointWith :CommutingToWork . :Outlaw :guid "c098b63d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "outlaw1n" ; :wordnet "outlaw" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who has committed a crime or been convicted of a crime, but is not in custody of legal authorities; especially, one who has been living in that state for some time, whether or not the law is actively pursuing them. CYC: The set of people thought to live outside the reach of the law. Outlaws are generally criminals, though some outlaws are on the run from the law because they are thought to be criminals even though they may not have actually committed any crimes. #$Outlaw differs from #$Fugitive, in that #$Outlaws need not be on the run from the law (for example, because the law might be afraid of them), while #$Fugitives are actively trying to avoid capture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outlaw' in Wordnet: 1. (1) criminal, felon, crook, outlaw, malefactor - (someone who has committed (or been legally convicted of) a crime) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal . :OutlawedObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OutlawedObjectType'' is a metatype that serves as a metatype for owl:Classes representing things whose sale is illegal (in some jurisdiction). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :Outline :wnsense "outline1n" ; :wordnet "outline" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Outline is a two-dimensional shape that is characterized only by the patterns of the edges. In visual representations, an Outline has only the line tracing the edge, filled with white. For the two-dimensional figure in which the interior areas formed by the Outline is filled with black (or other dark color) use 'Silhouette'. NOTE: an ''Outline'' might be construed as the edge of a ''Silhouette'' but there are usually used in different contexts with little relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outline' in Wordnet: 1. (3) outline, lineation - (the line that appears to bound an object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Line, :Shape . :Outlook :wnsense "mentality1n", "mind-set1n", "mindset1n", "outlook1n" ; :wordnet "mentality", "mind-set", "mindset", "outlook" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Outlook'' is an ''Attitude'' that infuences a Person's response to Events. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outlook' in WordNet: 1. (11) mentality, outlook, mindset, mind-set - (a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attitude, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :ableToAffect ; owl:someValuesFrom :Responding ] . :Outnumbering :wnsense "outnumber1v" ; :wordnet "outnumber" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Outnumbering'' is a ''TotalingUpto'' for a ''Group'' conssting of some ''Quantity'' of Things that is greater than the ''Quantity'' of Things in a comparison ''Group''. This type could point to a ''Group'' of two ''Group''s, one of which is larger than the other. Can be added when needed Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outnumber' in WordNet: 1. (2) outnumber - (be larger in number) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TotalingUpto, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ] . :Outpatient :guid "bf874d7b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "outpatient1n" ; :wordnet "outpatient" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$MedicalPatients who leave after being the recipient of a #$MedicalCareEvent without spending a night in a #$MedicalCareInstitution. This is a ''Role'' that only applies while a Person is at a MedicalFacility. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outpatient' in WordNet: 1. outpatient - (a patient who does not reside in the hospital where he is being treated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalPatient, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisitingaMedicalFacility ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] ; owl:disjointWith :Inpatient . :OutpatientClinic :en "outpatient clinic" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OutpatientClinic'' is a ''MedicalFacility'' that does not have beds to keep patients overnight. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :MedicalClinic ] . :Outpost :en "military outpost" ; :enn "military outpost" ; :wnsense "outpost1n" ; :wordnet "outpost" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Outpost'' is a 'MilitaryBase' that is in a remote location. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'outpost' in WordNet: 3. (1) outpost - (a military post stationed at a distance from the main body of troops) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryBase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :DistantLocation ] . :Output :wnsense "output2n", "yield1n" ; :wordnet "output", "yield" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Output'' is a ''Product'' of some Action intended to produce it. It may be an ''Object'' or an instance of ''SubstanceType'' (a 'substance'). It is usually expressed as some quantity of a specific type of thing that an Action has produced - sometimes within a specific period of time (units per day) when the Action is an ongoing production action.. This is the generic type pointed to by the relation ''hasProduct'' on a ''ProcessingSomething'' Action. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'output' in WordNet, as it may include specifying a ''SubstanceType'' without specifying the quantity - but it could specify the quantity: in Wordnet: 2. (5) output, yield - (production of a certain amount) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Product . :Outrage :isanIntensiveFormOf :Anger ; :wnsense "indignation1n", "outrage1n" ; :wordnet "indignation", "outrage" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the feeling experienced by someone who is very angry at some clearly evil, outrageous action of some person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outrage' in WordNet: 1. (1) indignation, outrage - (a feeling of righteous anger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anger, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutrageousAction ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorallyRighteous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Outrageous :isMoreIntenseThan :Abominable ; :wnsense "hideous1adj", "horrid2adj", "horrific1adj", "outrageous1adj" ; :wordnet "hideous", "horrid", "horrific", "outrageous" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Horrible'' is an attribute value of a ''HumanActivity'' that is so cruel to some other person or animal it provokes feelings of ''Revulsion'' in most observers. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outrageous' in WordNet: 1. (1) hideous, horrid, horrific, outrageous - (grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror; 'subjected to outrageous cruelty'; 'a hideous pattern of injustice'; 'horrific conditions in the mining industry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abominable . :OutrageousAction :wnsense "outrage3n", "scandal2n" ; :wordnet "outrage", "scandal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OutrageousAction'' is a particularly bad 'AntisocialAction' performed intentionally by some Person that can cause 'outrage' in many people who learn of it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scandal ' in WordNet: 2. (1) scandal, outrage - (a disgraceful event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AntisocialAction, :CausingaFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outrage ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outrageous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Outreach :wnsense "outreach1n" ; :wordnet "outreach" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Outreach'' is for the type of ''ServiceEvent'' performed by community service personnel, whether by a government or public service organization, that performs services for people who are 'underserved',in part by informing them of services or benefits that may be available, and in some cases performing such services. The generic sense is to 'reach out' but that can cover many different actions. RHW noun 'outreach': 6. the act of extending services, benefits, etc., to a wider section of the population, as in community work. NOTE: the WN gloss for the only sense of 'outreach' does not appear to conform to the intended meaning described above, and illustrates the broad and vague usage of this word. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'outreach' in WordNet: 1. (5) outreach - (the act of reaching out; 'the outreach toward truth of the human spirit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Outright :wnsense "outright1adj", "straight-out1adj", "unlimited2adj" ; :wordnet "outright", "straight-out", "unlimited" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Outright'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Words as literally mean the thing that they denote, not figuratively or approximately. 'an outright lie' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outright' in Wordnet: 1. (1) outright, straight-out, unlimited - (without reservation or exception) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OutsideLocation :ldoce "outside" ; :wnsense "outside1n" ; :wordnet "outside" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'OutsideLocation' is any 'GenericLocation' that is *motly* outside of (not included in the spatial region of) some Object or Region. This is a broad sense, including the outside of containers and the outside of geographical or spatial regions. This can be used generally for locations defined by geographical features,where one does not want to differentiate between a ''Region'' of space and the disjoint 'Area' which is a group of PhysicalObjects (including land or water) occupying some ''Region''. When used in that way,'outode'means that *most* of the space is outside of human-built structures, but those structures are nevertheles contined in that ''OutsideLocation''. But 'outdoors' or 'outside' meaning *completely* outside of an enclosed structure, in the open air, are represented by 'Outdoors' and 'OutdoorLocation'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outside' in WordNet: 1. (7) outside, exterior - (the region that is outside of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation . :OutsideOfTime :en "outside of time", "timeless" ; :enadj "outside of time", "timeless" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Physical-Material ; a :AdjectiveType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OutsideOfTime'' is an attribute of ''Abstract'' things (Objects or Events) that do not exist in our ''SpaceTime'' (the ''RealWorld''), and have no start or finish time. This is especially applicable to Mathematical concepts (which are, in this view, not 'created' by ''IntelligentAgent''s, but are 'discovered' - however controversial). This does not include ''MentalObject''s, which are also ''Abstract'' but are created at some point in time by an ''IntelligentAgent''. This is referred to as 'timeless' but WN has no corresponding sense of that word. RHW 'timeless': 1. without beginning or end; eternal; everlasting. NOTE: this is not synonymous with 'eternal', which is used to refer to Physical objects or phenomena that last indefinitely, without commitment to whether our physical SpaceTime may or may not have an end. Physical objects or phenomena are not ''Timeless'' in this sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abstract, :Eternal . :OutsideOfUSA :isSomethingOtherThan :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :GeographicalRegion . :OutsideTheHouse :en "in public", "out of the house", "outside the house" ; a :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''OutsideTheHouse'' is any Place other than one's own Home (residence). This is relative to the Person whose location is being specified by this type. This type is used for situations where one wants to distinguish behaviors or dress appropriate for appearance in public, as compared with what one can do (almost anything!) when in one's own home. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Home ; owl:onProperty :isSomethingOtherThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOutsideOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Home ] . :Outsider :wnsense "outsider1n" ; :wordnet "outsider" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Outsider'' is a person who is not a member of some close-knit Group of people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outsider' in WordNet: 1. (2) foreigner, outsider - (someone who is excluded from or is not a member of a group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :ReciprocalRole ; owl:disjointWith :Insider . :Outskirt :wnsense "fringe2n", "outskirt1n" ; :wordnet "fringe", "outskirt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Outskirt'' is a ''Fringe'' of a CityArea, part of the OuterEdge.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outskirt' in WordNet: 1. (1) outskirt, fringe - (a part of the city far removed from the center; 'they built a factory on the outskirts of the city') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fringe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CityArea ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ] . :Outskirts :wnsense "outskirts1n" ; :wordnet "outskirts" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Outskirts'' is a Group of ''Outskirt''s for one CityArea. NOTE: for the 'outskirts' of a crowd, use ''Fringe''. Corresponds to part (near a City) of noun sense 1 of 'outskirts' in WordNet: 1. (3) outskirts - (outlying areas (as of a city or town); 'they lived on the outskirts of Houston'; 'they mingled in the outskirts of the crowd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Outskirt ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :City ] . :Outsourced :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Outsourcing ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Outsourced'' is the attribute of some ''OrganizationOperation'' or ServiceEvent or some goods that were obtained from an Agent not employed by the Organization itself. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Outsourcing :eng "outsourcing" ; :wnsense "outsource1v" ; :wordnet "outsource" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outsource' in WordNet: 1. outsource - (obtain goods 2or services from an outside supplier; to contract work out; 'Many companies outsource and hire consultants rather in order to maintain a flexible workforce') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obtaining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ServiceEvent :PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :ActionType :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outsourced ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :In-HouseOperation . :Outstanding :isMoreIntenseThan :Excellent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Undesirable ; :wnsense "outstanding1adj" ; :wordnet "outstanding" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A even higher degree of Goodness than 'Excellent'; extremely good, better than the best within any local group. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outstanding' in WordNet: 1. (5) outstanding - (distinguished from others in excellence; 'did outstanding work in human relations'; 'an outstanding war record') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue . :Outstation :wnsense "outpost1n", "outstation1n" ; :wordnet "outpost", "outstation" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'outstation' in WordNet: 1. outstation, outpost - (a station in a remote or sparsely populated location) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssignedPost, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :DistantLocation ] . :Outstretched :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ExtendingaBodyPart ; :wnsense "outstretched1adj" ; :wordnet "outstretched" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StretchedOut'' is the adjective characterizing ''AnimalBodyPart's that have been changed in length by some ''ExtendingaBodyPart''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'outstretched' in Wordnet: 1. (1) outstretched - (fully extended especially in length; 'a kitten with one paw outstretched') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Outvoting :wnsense "outvote1v" ; :wordnet "outvote" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In any given ''DecidingByVote'' there is always some number of voter who are in the minority, and therefore are 'outvoted'. This type is intended to represent an 'outvoting' where some identifiable Group of voting participants have the minority of votes. TheIdentifuiable group could be a ''PoliticalParty'',if there is a clear division of the vote along partisan lines, or it could be any kind of ''InterestGroup''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'outvote' in WordNet: 1. outvote - (defeat by a majority of votes; 'The Democrats outvoted the Republicans') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecidingByVote, :DefeatingAnOpponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legislation ; owl:onProperty :mayProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PolicyProposal ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ] . :Outward :ldoce "out" ; :wnsense "outward1adv", "outwards1adv" ; :wordnet "outward", "outwards" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Outward' is measure of direction of movement that specifies a direction pointing from the inside of some object or region to a location outside of that object or region. The exact vector of the movement is not defined by use of this measure, and may or may not be restricted by the context of the assertikon; if there is only one exit to a room, going out of the room implies moving through that portal. The interpretation depends on context, therefore this sense is also a LogicalFunction, and the function will need to interpret the context to determine the exact sense intended. 'out' is similar in some uses - 'to go out' (from any location) This corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'outward' in RHW: 1. proceeding or directed toward the outside or exterior, or away from a central point: the outward flow of gold; the outward part of a voyage. This sense is also close to the sense of adverb 'outwards' and sense 1 of 'outward' in WordNet: 1. (1) outward, outwards - (toward the outside; 'move the needle further outward!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionMeasure, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Outwardly :wnsense "outwardly2adv" ; :wordnet "outwardly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Outwardly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that asserts that the assertion characterized refers to the outside *appearance* of the thing under discussion. This can be used as an ''AdverbOfManner'' (somewhat similar to ''Openly'') or as an ''AdverbialModifier'' modifying an attribute ('outwardly calm'), or as a sentential adverb. 'outwardly, she appeared composed' similar to 'she appeared outwardly composed' 'she tried to look outwardly composed' Perhaps these can be distinguished?? Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'outwardly' in WordNet: 2. outwardly - (in outward appearance; 'outwardly, she appeared composed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbialModifier . :Outweighing :wnsense "outweigh1v" ; :wordnet "outweigh" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Outweighing'' is the state of some ''PhysicalObject'' ''Surpassing'' some one or more other ''PhysicalObject''s in ''Weight''. To assert this Action requires some two or more ''Weighing'' actions to provide the data. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'outweigh' in WordNet: 1. (4) outweigh - (be heavier than) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surpassing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weighing ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :Ovary :wnsense "ovary2n" ; :wordnet "ovary" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Ovary'' is the ''FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan'' where the 'eggs' (ova) are produced. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ovary' in WordNet: 2. ovary - ((vertebrates) one of usually two organs that produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemaleInternalReproductiveOrgan, :Gonad . :Oven :guid "bd5899ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oven1n" ; :wordnet "oven" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ArtifactObject'' that is receptacle or compartment for baking, roasting, drying or heating something. It may be the only HeatingDevice in some location, or may be part of a ''KitchenRange'' (the combined ''Oven'' and ''Cooktop-Device''). For a stand-alone ''Oven'' that is a ''HouseholdAppliance'' use ''FoodOven''. This type is a very generic oven, and includes the ovens used to fire pottery and laboratory ovens used to intensely heat samples, as well as those used to bake food, and also includes crude ovens made from brick or stone, as well as modern kitchen appliances. It also includes microwave ovens. This is more general than the SUMO 'oven'. @ToDO: subtypes? For the heating devices used to smelt ores, melt glass, incinerate debris or corpses, or produce steam or hot air for heating, the term 'furnace' is used. For firing pottery, 'kiln' is commonly used. SUMO: A HeatingDevice with a door for inserting and removing Food that is to be baked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oven' in Wordnet: 1. (2) oven - (kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Box, :HeatingDevice, :ProcessingContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baking ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ] . :Over :ldoce "over" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition . :OverSatedAnimal :en "oversated animal" ; :guid "75382ce2-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Animals that are stuffed with food. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal . :OverSnowVehicle :en "over snow vehicle" ; :enn "over snow vehicle" ; :guid "c10807d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of vehicles which are intended to travel easily over snow-covered terrain. This is for powered vehicles, not sleds or skis. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTransportationVehicle . :OverTheAir :en "over the air" ; :enadj "over the air" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :WirelessCommunication, :WirelessCommunicationDevice ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Wire ; :wnsense "wireless1adj" ; :wordnet "wireless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute ''Wireless'' is an attribute for Devices or systems that depend for some aspect of their function on transmitting signals using radio waves.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wireless' in Wordnet: 1. wireless - (having no wires; 'a wireless security system') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wireless . :OverTheCounterDrug :en "nonprescription drug" ; :guid "c0fd480e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "over-the-counter drug1n", "over-the-counter medicine1n" ; :wordnet "over-the-counter drug", "over-the-counter medicine" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a substance, not an Object. FDA regulations regulate both substances and delivery forms, but the most important element is the substance. @ToD0 - if necessary, regulation on delivery forms can also be represented in COSMO. Looks too specialized. Cyc: The collection of drugs which are legally able to be sold without a doctor's prescription. NOTE: the legal requirements for 'prescription' requirement varies for different governmental jurisdictions. The USA is one of the strictest. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'over-the-counter drug' in WordNet: 1. over-the-counter drug, over-the-counter medicine - (a drug that is sold without a prescription) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nonprescription ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OveraBillionDollars :hasQuantifierMinimum :N_1000000000 ; :hasUnit :dollars ; a :MoneyMeasure . :Overabundance :wnsense "excess1n", "excess3n", "overabundance1n", "overabundance2n", "overmuch1n", "overmuchness1n", "redundance1n", "redundancy2n", "superabundance1n", "surfeit1n", "surplus1n", "surplusage1n" ; :wordnet "excess", "overabundance", "overmuch", "overmuchness", "redundance", "redundancy", "superabundance", "surfeit", "surplus", "surplusage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Overabundance'' is a higher degree of ''Abundance'', a PersistentState in which there is **much more** than enough of some accessible resources to satisfy the needs of some agent. The thing that is in excess is pointed to by the relation 'hasSubjectOfState'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'overabundance' in WordNet: 1. surfeit, excess, overabundance - (the state of being more than full) 2. overabundance, overmuch, overmuchness, superabundance - (a quantity that is more than what is appropriate; 'four-year-olds have an overabundance of energy'; 'we received an inundation of email') WN noun 'surplus': 1. (4) excess, surplus, surplusage, nimiety - (a quantity much larger than is needed) WN noun 'redundancy': 2. (1) redundancy, redundance - (the attribute of being superfluous and unneeded; 'the use of industrial robots created redundancy among workers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abundance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spare ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :GenericSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :Overalls :en "overalls" ; :guid "bd58e827-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "overall1n" ; :wordnet "overall" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of overalls, a kind of one-piece sleeveless garment with long legs and suspenders. A typical kind of clothing on farms in the midwest (still), and among handymen/women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overall' in Wordnet: 1. (4) overall - ((usually plural) work clothing consisting of denim trousers (usually with a bib and shoulder straps)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Bottom, :EnvelopingCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothLegs ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleeveless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Overblown :isAnAttributeValueOf :LinguisticCommunication ; :wnsense "grandiloquent1adj", "overblown1adj", "pompous1adj", "pontifical3adj", "portentous1adj" ; :wordnet "grandiloquent", "overblown", "pompous", "pontifical", "portentous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overblown' in Wordnet: 1. grandiloquent, overblown, pompous, pontifical, portentous - (puffed up with vanity; 'a grandiloquent and boastful manner'; 'overblown oratory'; 'a pompous speech'; 'pseudo-scientific gobbledygook and pontifical hooey'- Newsweek) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Overboard :wnsense "overboard1adv" ; :wordnet "overboard" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Overboard' modfies actions that are performed with an exceess of enthusiasm. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'overboard' in Wordnet: 1. (3) overboard - (to extremes; 'he went overboard to please his in-laws') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionalAttributeValue, :Enthusiastically . :Overboardwise :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Overboard ; :wnsense "overboard2adv" ; :wordnet "overboard" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overboardwise'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' specifying a direction of a Motion, from a Boat into the BodyOfWater. This headword is used as an alternative to the term 'overboard that is actually used in English for this sense, but in COSMO is the corresponding AttributeValue.. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'overboard' in Wordnet: 2. (3) overboard - (from on board a vessel into the water; 'they dropped their garbage overboard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Overcharging :wnsense "fleece1v", "gazump1v", "hook2v", "overcharge1v", "pluck3v", "plume1v", "rob2v", "soak2v", "surcharge2v" ; :wordnet "fleece", "gazump", "hook", "overcharge", "pluck", "plume", "rob", "soak", "surcharge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overcharging'' is a ''Defrauding'' in which a seller sells to a buyer at a price that is well above the fair market value, while trying to make it seem as though that is a fair price. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overcharge' in WordNet: 1. overcharge, soak, surcharge, gazump, fleece, plume, pluck, rob, hook - (rip off; ask an unreasonable price) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Defrauding . :Overcoat :wnsense "greatcoat1n", "overcoat1n", "topcoat1n" ; :wordnet "greatcoat", "overcoat", "topcoat" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overcoat' in WordNet: 1. (3) greatcoat, overcoat, topcoat - (a heavy coat worn over clothes in winter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coat . :OvercomingaChallenge :ldoce "defeat" ; :wnsense "defeat1v", "overcome1v" ; :wordnet "defeat", "overcome" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The general sense of overcoming some kind of challenge. Beating an opponent is a subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'defeat' in WordNet: 1. (14) get the better of, overcome, defeat - (win a victory over; 'You must overcome all difficulties'; 'defeat your enemies'; 'He overcame his shyness'; 'She conquered here fear of mice'; 'He overcame his infirmity'; 'Her anger got the better of her and she blew up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction . :Overcrowding :en "overcrowding" ; :wnsense "over-crowding1n", "overcrowd1v", "overcrowd2v" ; :wordnet "over-crowding", "overcrowd" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overcrowding'' is a ''Crowding'' that is excessive and prevents some People from performing desired or intended Actions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overcrowd' in WordNet: 1. overcrowd - (cause to crowd together too much; 'The students overcrowded the cafeteria') 2. overcrowd - (crowd together too much) WN noun 'over-crowding': 1. congestion, over-crowding - (excessive crowding; 'traffic congestion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crowding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excessive ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Overdue :wnsense "delinquent4adj", "overdue1adj" ; :wordnet "delinquent", "overdue" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overdue' in Wordnet: 1. delinquent, overdue - (past due; not paid at the scheduled time; 'an overdue installment'; 'a delinquent account') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Owed, :Tardy . :Overeating :wnsense "binge1v", "englut1v", "engorge1v", "glut1v", "gorge1v", "gormandise1v", "gormandize1v", "gourmandize1v", "ingurgitate1v", "overeat1v", "overgorge1v", "overindulge1v", "pig out1v", "satiate1v", "scarf out1v", "stuff4v" ; :wordnet "binge", "englut", "engorge", "glut", "gorge", "gormandise", "gormandize", "gourmandize", "ingurgitate", "overeat", "overgorge", "overindulge", "pig out", "satiate", "scarf out", "stuff" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overeating'' is the Action in which a person eats more than enough to satisfy hunger, and enough to create a Feeling of the stomache being 'overfull'; eating excessively. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overeat' in WordNet: 1. (2) gorge, ingurgitate, overindulge, glut, englut, stuff, engorge, overgorge, overeat, gormandize, gormandise, gourmandize, binge, pig out, satiate, scarf out - (overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself; 'She stuffed herself at the dinner'; 'The kids binged on icecream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingaMeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excessive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Overflowing :wnsense "brim over1v", "overflow1v", "overrun3v", "run over2v", "well over1v" ; :wordnet "brim over", "overflow", "overrun", "run over", "well over" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overflowing'' is a ''Streaming'' in which some Liquid or Group of objects (usually animals or people) moving into a container (including stream beds) that is too small to contain or transmit the amount fowing in, and the excess supply moves into some area nearby. This is both for liquids and groups of animals (including people). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overflow' in WordNet: 1. (2) overflow, overrun, well over, run over, brim over - (flow or run over (a limit or brim)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidFlowEvent, :Streaming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingLarger ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Overfull :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ExceedingSomething ; :wnsense "glutted1adj", "overfull1adj" ; :wordnet "glutted", "overfull" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :VerbalQuantifier, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overfull' in Wordnet: 1. glutted, overfull - (exceeding demand; 'a glutted market') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excessive, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute . :Overhang :wnsense "overhang1n" ; :wordnet "overhang" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Eaves'' is a projection at the lower end of a sloping roof that extends over the wall of the structure below the roof. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overhang' in WordNet: 1. (1) overhang - (projection that extends beyond or hangs over something else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Projection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Overhead :wnsense "budget items1n", "operating cost1n", "operating expense1n", "overhead1n" ; :wordnet "budget items", "operating cost", "operating expense", "overhead" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overhead'' is an Accounting topic for businesses determining the Price needed to make a Profit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overhead' in WordNet: 1. (3) operating expense, operating cost, overhead, budget items - (the expense of maintaining property (e.g., paying property taxes and utilities and insurance); it does not include depreciation or the cost of financing or income taxes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expenses, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accountant ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accounting ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :Overhearing :wnsense "catch14v", "overhear1v", "take in11v" ; :wordnet "catch", "overhear", "take in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overhearing'' is ''HearingDirectly'' of Speech that is not addressed to oneself. Logical description needs 'SpeakingNotAddresedToTheListener' - complex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overhear' in WordNet: 1. (8) catch, take in, overhear - (hear, usually without the knowledge of the speakers; 'We overheard the conversation at the next table') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AccessingAnIBT, :Hearing, :Observing . :Overlapping :wnsense "overlapping2adj" ; :wordnet "overlapping" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Overlapping'' includes the generic sense of having some parts in common or having some parts adjacent physical location. The latter sense is represented as the subAttribute ''OverlappingPhysically''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overlapping' in Wordnet: 1. (1) overlapping - (related by having something in common with or coinciding with; 'having overlapping duties'; 'found unexpected overlapping areas of interest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OverlappingPartly :wnsense "overlap1v" ; :wordnet "overlap" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OverlappingPartly'' is a ''BeingPartlyInaPlace'' in which an ''OverlappingParts'' (a Group of two different ''Object''s) are in the same region of space while other parts of those objects are not in that region. This can be applied to physical or abstract objects. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'overlap' (for Objects, not time intervals or Events) in WordNet: 1. (5) overlap - (coincide partially or wholly; 'Our vacations overlap') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInaPlace, :Coexistence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :OverlappingParts ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ] . :OverlappingParts :en "overlapping parts" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OverlappingParts'' is a Group of two or more ''ObjectPart''s that exist within some region of space while other parts of those Objects are not located in that region.. This can be used for abstract objects, such as the overlapping region of a Venn diagram, as well as ''PhysicalObject''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ObjectPart ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ] . :OverlappingPhysically :isAnAttributeValueOf :ObjectGroup ; :wnsense "lap-jointed1adj", "lap-strake1adj", "lap-straked1adj", "lap-streak1adj", "lap-streaked1adj", "overlapping2adj" ; :wordnet "lap-jointed", "lap-strake", "lap-straked", "lap-streak", "lap-streaked", "overlapping" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OverlappingPhysically'' is the attribute of Groups of PhysicalObjects, especially flat sheets, of which some parts come in close physical contact, as in shingles on a roof. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'overlapping' in Wordnet: 2. lap-jointed, lap-strake, lap-straked, lap-streak, lap-streaked, overlapping - (laid overlapping (not flush)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Overlapping . :Overlook :wnsense "overlook1n" ; :wordnet "overlook" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ground and nearby physical objects within an open area on a high place where a view (a vista) of a lower nearby region is available. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overlook' in WordNet: 1. overlook - (a high place affording a good view) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarthSurfaceObject, :OutsideLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HillOrMountain ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeographicallyHigh ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :OverlookingSomething :wnsense "leave out2v", "miss4v", "omit1v", "overlook1v", "overlook3v", "skip1v" ; :wordnet "leave out", "miss", "omit", "overlook", "skip" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The *unintentional* failure to perform some Action that may be but is not necessarily one of a set of Actions that is performed or might have been performed. IF the lack of action is due to a failed attempt, the Action attempted is pointed to by the relation ''hasAttemptedAction''. The Event that did not happen is pointed to by the (inherited)relation 'hasEventNotOccurring'; the thing 'skipped' (object, event, whatever) is pointed to by the ''hasThingSkipped'' relation. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'overlook' in WordNet: 1. (6) overlook - (look past, fail to notice) 3. (1) neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, miss, leave out, overlook, overleap - (leave undone or leave out; 'How could I miss that typo?'; 'The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten') WN verb 'skip': 1. (7) jump, pass over, skip, skip over - (bypass; 'He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkippingOverSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSkipped ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate ; owl:onProperty :hasTheReverseEffectOf ] . :Overlord :wnsense "lord2n", "master2n", "overlord1n" ; :wordnet "lord", "master", "overlord" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overlord' in WordNet: 1. overlord, master, lord - (a person who has general authority over others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authority, :Leader . :Overnight :wnsense "all-night1adj", "nightlong1adj", "overnight1adj" ; :wordnet "all-night", "nightlong", "overnight" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overnight'' is an Attribute of Events that occur throughout the ''NightTime'', the TimeInterval starting at sunset and ending at sunrise, but can also include some time before sunset and after sunrise. TimeInterval that is by COSMO convention a 24-hour period Starting at 9 PM one day and ending at 9 PM the next day. This can be used to express the notion of a ''StayingOvernight'' or an 'overnight delivery' meaning that one gets an item the next day, or a . If an 'overnight' delivery arrives after 5PM, one may say it is 'late' This can be used to describe a 'sleepover' or an 'overnight stay. Closest WN sense includes 'all-night' which is not exactly the same. Perhaps a 'nighttime' adjective is needed for the part of the WN sense not covered by this type. Corresponds approxiately to adjective sense 1 of 'overnight' in WordNet: 1. (2) nightlong, all-night, overnight - (lasting, open, or operating through the whole night; 'a nightlong vigil'; 'an all-night drugstore'; 'an overnight trip') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Overnightly :en "surprisingly fast", "surprisingly quickly", "very quickly" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Quick ; :wnsense "overnight1adv" ; :wordnet "overnight" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Overnightly' is an AdverbialModifier (text 'overnight', used for adjetive) that modifies an Event and specifies that it occurred in a surprisingly short time interval. 'very quickly'. RHW: 3. very quickly; suddenly: New suburbs sprang up overnight. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'overnight' in WordNet: 1. (2) overnight - (happening in a short time or with great speed; 'these solutions cannot be found overnight!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quickly, :Surprisingly . :Overpass :guid "c0fbb431-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flyover1n", "flypast1n", "overpass1n" ; :wordnet "flyover", "flypast", "overpass" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: every overpass is a Roadway and a Bridge which is over another. NOTE: This type allows a bridge over a ''Railway'' to be included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overpass' in WordNet: 1. overpass, flyover, flypast - (bridge formed by the upper level of a crossing of two highways at different levels; 'an overpass is called a flyover or a flypast in England') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bridge, :PathForWheeledVehicles, :Roadway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PathForWheeledVehicles ; owl:onProperty :crossesAbove ] . :Overpriced :isAnAttributeValueOf :Product ; :isTheOppositeOf :BargainPriced ; :wnsense "overpriced1adj" ; :wordnet "overpriced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overpriced'' is the attribute of an object or service for which the asking price from the vendor is greater than the price for the same product in some other location. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overpriced' in Wordnet: 1. (1) overpriced - (too costly for the value; 'overpriced items at resort shops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expensive . :OverridingAnAutomaticVehicleController :wnsense "override3v" ; :wordnet "override" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OverridingAnAutomaticVehicleController'' is a ''DisablingaDevice'' Action in which the ''Device'' disabled is an ''AutomaticVehicleController''. This is performed by a Person when that Person wants to resume manual control of the vehicle, (e.g. Automobile or Airplane) for any reason. There should be broader sense of 'override' as parent of this type. Needs more consideration. Includes but is broader than verb sense 3 of 'override' in WordNet: 3. override - (counteract the normal operation of (an automatic gear shift in a vehicle)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisablingaDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AutomaticVehicleController ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :Overruling :wnsense "override1v", "overrule1v", "overthrow2v", "overturn3v", "reverse3v" ; :wordnet "override", "overrule", "overthrow", "overturn", "reverse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Decreeing'' is an 'AssigningaRule' that creates NOTE: the WN gloss example appears to be closer to the meaning of 'outvoted' - unless it means the House dominated by Democrats turned down a bill passed in a Senate by Republicans - but even that is not an ''Overruling'' in this sense. A decision that needs two parties to agree is not a ''Decreeing'' unless the parties agree and the bill is passed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overrule' in WordNet: 1. (3) overrule, overturn, override, overthrow, reverse - (rule against; 'The Republicans were overruled when the House voted on the bill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decreeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decreeing ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Decreeing ] . :Overseas :wnsense "abroad1adj", "overseas1adj" ; :wordnet "abroad", "overseas" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overseas'' is a subtype of 'Foreign' indicating that the *current location* of the thing characterized is other than the Country of reference. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overseas' in WordNet: 1. (1) abroad, overseas - (in a foreign country; 'markets abroad'; 'overseas markets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foreign . :Oversensitive :isMoreIntenseThan :EmotionallySensitive ; :isTheOppositeOf :Insensitive ; :wnsense "oversensitive1adj" ; :wordnet "oversensitive" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Oversensitive' is an excessive degree of ''EmotionallySensitive'' characterizing people. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oversensitive' in Wordnet: 1. oversensitive - (unduly sensitive or thin-skinned) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excessive, :Sensitive . :Overshadowing :wnsense "eclipse1v", "overshadow1v" ; :wordnet "eclipse", "overshadow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oveshadowing'' is a more intense state of ''BeingProminent'', especially in relation to some other individual thing or some group of things. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overshadow' in WordNet: 1. (1) overshadow, eclipse - (exceed in importance; outweigh; 'This problem overshadows our lives right now') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingProminent, :Exceeding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Important ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conspicuous ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Overshoe :wnsense "overshoe1n" ; :wordnet "overshoe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overshoe' in WordNet: 1. (1) overshoe - (footwear that protects your shoes from water or snow or cold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootwearItem . :Overshooting :wnsense "overshoot1v" ; :wordnet "overshoot" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overshooting'' is a ''ShootingAtSomething'' that did not succeed (missed the ''Target'') because the aim was too high, resulting in the Projectile going over the Target or going beyond the Target. Contrasts to 'undershooting'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of ''Undershooting'' in WordNet: 1. (1) overshoot - (shoot beyond or over (a target)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MissingaTarget, :ShootingAtSomething . :Oversight :wnsense "lapse1n", "oversight3n" ; :wordnet "lapse", "oversight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The causes of 'oversight' in RHW include 'carelessness': RHW 'oversight': 1. an omission or error due to carelessness: My bank statement is full of oversights. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'oversight' in WordNet: 3. oversight, lapse - (a mistake resulting from inattention) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MistakenAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carelessness ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inattention ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :Oversimplified :en "overimplified" ; :ened "overimplified" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Oversimplifying ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of descriptions or arguments that have experienced ''Oversimplifying''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Oversimplifying :wnsense "oversimplify1v", "oversimplify2v" ; :wordnet "oversimplify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Oversimplifying'' is an excessive 'Simplifying'' of some description or argument. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'oversimplify' in WordNet: 1. oversimplify - (simplify to an excessive degree; 'Don't oversimplify the problem') 2. oversimplify - (make too simple; 'Don't oversimplify the instructions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Simplifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excessive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oversimplified ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Oversized :wnsense "outsize1adj", "outsized1adj", "oversize1adj", "oversized1adj" ; :wordnet "outsize", "outsized", "oversize", "oversized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oversized'' characterizes a PhysicalObject that is ''Larger'' than normal for its type, or too large for some purpose: 'charge a fee for oversized luggage'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'oversized' in Wordnet: 1. (2) outsize, outsized, oversize, oversized - (larger than normal for its kind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Larger . :Oversleeping :wnsense "oversleep1v" ; :wordnet "oversleep" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Oversleeping'' is a ''SleepingEvent'' in which the sleeper sleeps longer than intended. This can happen whthether or not the ''Oversleeping'' results in failure to perform some Action on time. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'oversleep' in WordNet: 1. oversleep - (sleep longer than intended) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SleepingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prolonged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Overt :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Observing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Observing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inaudible ; :wnsense "open16adj", "overt1adj" ; :wordnet "open", "overt" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overt' in Wordnet: 1. (1) overt, open - (open and observable; not secret or hidden; 'an overt lie'; 'overt hostility'; 'overt intelligence gathering'; 'open ballots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceivable . :OvertakingaVehicle :ldoce "pass" ; :wnsense "overtake2v", "pass7v" ; :wordnet "overtake", "pass" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'OvertakingaVehicle' is a ''PassingThroughOrBySomething'' Event in which one vehicle moves faster than another vehicle ahead of it on the same road, so as to move alongside and then ahead of the second vehicle. An 'OvertakingaVehicle' can be done while both vehicles are in different lanes, or by the overtaking vehicle moving into a different lane while passing, and then moving back into the first lane, ahead of the second vehicle. Both vehicles must be moving in the same direction in order for the Action to be an instance of this type. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'pass' and verb sense 2 of 'overtake'in WordNet: 7. (8) pass, overtake, overhaul - (travel past; 'The sports car passed all the trucks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PassingThroughOrBySomething . :Overthinking :en "overthink" ; :eng "overthinking" ; :env "overthink" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overthinking'' is a form of 'DeepReasoning' where the amount of thinking and analysis is unnecessary and superfluous for the purpose of arriving at a correct conclusion. May lead to indecision when the result should be clear. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeepReasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unnecessary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Overtime :wnsense "overtime1n" ; :wordnet "overtime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overtime' in WordNet: 1. (1) overtime - (work done in addition to regular working hours) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :WorkingHours . :Overturned :isAnAttributeValueOf :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :UpsideDownInversion ; :isTheOppositeOf :Right-Side-Up ; :wnsense "overturned1adj", "upset5adj", "upturned1adj" ; :wordnet "overturned", "upset", "upturned" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overturned'' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that are TopAndBottomSidedObjects, that have the bottom side located above the top side in a gravitational field, having achieved that position by 'overturning'. For boats, the terms 'capsized' and 'capsizing' are usually used. As yet, distinction between 'tipping over' (turning from vertical to horizontal) and ''UpsideDownInversion'' has not been included. @ToDo: This needs a 'capsizing' element to refer to the action involved. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overturned' in WordNet: 1. (1) overturned, upset, upturned - (having been turned so that the bottom is no longer the bottom; 'an overturned car'; 'the upset pitcher of milk'; 'sat on an upturned bucket') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Upside-Down, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Overview :wnsense "overview1n" ; :wordnet "overview" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Overview is a ''Summary'' of a Topic that is usually longer and more comprehensive than a short ''Summary'' that is found at the beginning of an academic 'paper'. This could be the summary or 'introduction' at the beginning of a Book. ''Overview'' overlaps with and is hard to distinguish from a 'Sumary'' but if it is short, the type ''Summary '' should be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'overview' in WordNet: 1. overview - (a general summary of a subject; 'the treasurer gave a brief overview of the financial consequences') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Summary . :Overweight :isTheOppositeOf :Lean ; :wnsense "fleshy1adj", "heavy5adj", "overweight1adj" ; :wordnet "fleshy", "heavy", "overweight" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Overweight' is an AttributeValue that specifies that an animal (including people) has some degree of above average weight (mass); the degrees are represented as subtpes of this AttributeValue. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'overweight' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fleshy, heavy, overweight - (usually describes a large person who is fat but has a large frame to carry it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :OverwelmingSomeoneWithWork :wnsense "deluge2v", "flood out1v", "overwhelm2v" ; :wordnet "deluge", "flood out", "overwhelm" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'overwelm' in WordNet: 2. (1) overwhelm, deluge, flood out - (charge someone with too many tasks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChargingSomeoneWithaTask, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :WorkingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OverwhelmedWithWork ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :OverwhelmedEmotionally :en "emotionally overwhelmed", "overwhelmed", "overwhelmed emotionally" ; :enadj "emotionally overwhelmed", "overwhelmed", "overwhelmed emotionally" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :OverwhelmingEmotionally ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OverwhelmedEmotionally'' is an attribute of a ''Person'' who was the object of a ''OverwhelmingEmotionally'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Troubled . :OverwhelmedWithWork :en "overwhelmed", "overwhelmed with work" ; :enadj "overwhelmed", "overwhelmed with work" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :OverwelmingSomeoneWithWork ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OverwhelmedWithWork'' is an attribute of a ''Person''s who was the object of a ''OverwelmingSomeoneWithWork'' Action. overwhelmed with work """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BurdenedWithWork . :Overwhelming :isAnAttributeValueOf :Feeling ; :isTheOppositeOf :Resistible ; :wnsense "irresistible1adj", "overpowering1adj", "overwhelming1adj", "overwhelming2adj", "resistless1adj" ; :wordnet "irresistible", "overpowering", "overwhelming", "resistless" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overwhelming'' is a subtype of ''Strong'' applied to things such as Events, attacks, feelings or natural forces, that can cause a feeling of hopelessness or despair, or just cannot be resisted (physically or psychologically). @ToDO1411 Need 'overwhelm' and 'resistible' includes to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'overwhelming' and sense 1 of 'irresistible' in WordNet: 1. (8) overpowering, overwhelming - (so strong as to be irresistible; 'an overpowering need for solitude'; 'the temptation to despair may become overwhelming'; 'an overwhelming majority') 2. consuming, overwhelming - (very intense; 'politics is his consuming passion'; 'overwhelming joy') WN adj 'irresistible': 1. (1) irresistible, resistless - (impossible to resist; overpowering; 'irresistible (or resistless) impulses'; 'what happens when an irresistible force meets an immovable object?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Strong . :OverwhelmingEmotionally :wnsense "overcome3v", "overpower2v", "overtake3v", "overwhelm1v", "sweep over1v", "whelm1v" ; :wordnet "overcome", "overpower", "overtake", "overwhelm", "sweep over", "whelm" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OverwhelmingEmotionally' is an Event in which a strong emotion that cannot be ignored is elicited, which may hinder response to the situation. 'overwhelming grief' is one example. The specific emotions ellicited could be represented as subtypes. For a more inensive 'overwhelming' see ''PsychologicalDevastation''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overwhelm' in WordNet: 1. (1) overwhelm, overpower, sweep over, whelm, overcome, overtake - (overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArousingAnEmotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Overwhelming ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Overwhelmingly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Overwhelming ; :wnsense "irresistibly1adv", "overpoweringly1adv", "overwhelmingly1adv" ; :wordnet "irresistibly", "overpoweringly", "overwhelmingly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Overwhelmingly'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions or modifies attributes to assert that the the Action or attribute was ''Overwhelming''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'overwhelmingly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) overwhelmingly, overpoweringly, irresistibly - (incapable of being resisted; 'the candy looked overwhelmingly desirable to the dieting man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :OverwhelminglySuccessful :en "overwhelmingly successful" ; :enadj "overwhelmingly successful" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Blockbuster ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Successful ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'OverwhelminglySuccessful' is a high degree of ''Successful'' used mostly for creative worlks such as Books, Movies, Play, or musical pieces that are attended (plays, concerts) or sold in large numbers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Successful . :OviparousAnimal :en "oviparous animal" ; :enn "oviparous animal" ; :guid "c00d6c88-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC #$OviparousAnimal is a specialization of #$NonPersonAnimal. Each instance of #$OviparousAnimal is an animal that hatches from eggs expelled from its mother's body. Cf. #$ViviparousAnimal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal . :Ovoid :wnsense "ovoid1n" ; :wordnet "ovoid" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ovoid' is a the three-dimensional object (solid or hollow) generated by rotating an Oval completely around its long axis. This is an approximate shape, and includes as a subtype 'egg-shaped', in which one end is narrower than the other. It also includes solid objects that have some distortion from the basic ovoid, such as beans that may have some degree of curvature. See ''Beanoid''. Includes but is more general than noun sense 1 of 'ovoid' in Wordnet (i.e. egg-shaped); this type can represent objects that are close to the ideal of the 'Ovoid' generated by rotating a symmetrical oval: in WordNet: 1. ovoid - (an egg-shaped object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ovoidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Ovoidal a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ovoidal' is the three-dimensional shape attribute of an 'Ovoid', the three-dimensional body generated by rotating an Oval completely around its long axis; this attribute also applies to approximately Ovoid bodies such as a hen's Egg. @add 'RotationallySymetric' For the more specific shape that is wider at one end than the other (i.e. an egg) use the subtype 'EggShaped'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BilaterallySymmetric, :Ellipsoidal . :Ovulating :eng "ovulating" ; :guid "c10c2234-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ovulate1v" ; :wordnet "ovulate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The process in which an ovum is discharged by an ovary. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ovulate' in WordNet: 1. ovulate - (produce and discharge eggs; 'women ovulate about once every month') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, :EmittingAnObject, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ovum ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ] . :Ovule :guid "bd58d322-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ovule1n" ; :wordnet "ovule" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: The protective and nutritive tissue and the female gamete within, which develops into the seed after fertilization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ovule' in WordNet: 1. ovule - (a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantReproductiveStructure . :Ovum :guid "bd58bd8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "egg cell1n", "ovum1n" ; :wordnet "egg cell", "ovum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$Gamete. Each instance of #$Ovum is a specialized gamete cell produced by meiosis (see #$Meiosis) in the reproductive tract of a female animal. Each ovum usually has half the number of chromosomes that a regular body cell does, and when fertilized by a sperm cell (see #$SpermCell), it becomes a zygote and continues to develop into a mature individual animal. See also #$FemaleAnimal, #$SexualReproductionEvent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ovum' in WordNet: 1. ovum, egg cell - (the female reproductive cell; the female gamete) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gamete . :Owed :wnsense "due1adj", "owed1adj" ; :wordnet "due", "owed" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Owed'' is an AttributeValue of *something* that rightfully belongs to *one person* and is in the possesson of *another person*, who hasPossession because the *something* was borrowed or is due to that *one person* because of some trade or service performed by the *one person* for that *another person*. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'owed' in WordNet: 1. due, owed - (owed and payable immediately or on demand; 'payment is due') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Owing :en "StateOfDebt", "owing", "state of debt" ; :ldoce "debt", "owe" ; :wnsense "debt1n", "owe1v", "owe3v" ; :wordnet "debt", "owe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Owing' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) in which one IntelligentAgent (Person, Group, Organization) is indebted to another - the Debt being either to pay money or to perform some Action. Every 'OwingSituation' is the main topic of some 'Debt', a subtype of Assertion (e.g. 'I.O.U $50'). This may be referred to as a 'state of debt' or a 'debt'. Instances of 'Owing' are related to the agents and thing owed by the specialized relations: hadAgentOwing hadAgentOwed hadThingOwed Includes verb sense 1 and part of sense 3 of 'owe' and noun sense 1 of 'debt' in WordNet (intellectual 'debt' is not included); in WordNet: 1. (11) owe - (be obliged to pay or repay) 3. (3) owe - (be in debt; 'She owes me $200'; 'The thesis owes much to his adviser') WN 'debt': 1. (3) debt - (the state of owing something (especially money); 'he is badly in debt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalCircumstances, :SocialState, :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Debt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Debt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentOwing ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentOwed ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingOwed ; owl:someValuesFrom :SomethingOwed ] . :Owl :guid "bd58ef0c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "owl1n" ; :wordnet "owl" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A nocturnal bird of prey with a large head and forward-facing eyes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'owl' in WordNet: 1. (3) owl, bird of Minerva, bird of night, hooter - (nocturnal bird of prey with hawk-like beak and claws and large head with front-facing eyes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirdOfPrey . :Own :en "belonging to a person" ; :enadj "belonging to a person" ; :wnsense "ain1adj", "own1adj" ; :wordnet "ain", "own" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'own' in Wordnet: 1. (259) own, ain - (belonging to or on behalf of a specified person (especially yourself); preceded by a possessive; 'for your own use'; 'do your own thing'; 'she makes her own clothes'; ''ain' is Scottish') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Owned :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Ownership ; :wnsense "owned1adj" ; :wordnet "owned" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Owned'' is an Attribute of Objects that are the object of 'Ownership'' (the thing owned). Common usage in phrases: see ObjectProperties: ''owns'' and ''isOwnedBy'' Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'owned' in WordNet: 1. (1) owned - (having an owner; often used in combination; 'state-owned railways') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :OwnedMoney :ldoce "means" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'OwnedMoney' is the quantity of money (in any currency) available to some individual or collective agent. This corresponds most closely to the meaning of 'means' in phrases such as 'she has the means to pay her own way through college' or 'he has the means to buy a much more expensive car'. In these cases, the 'means' are the amount of money at one's disposal, which may or may not be one's net worth. This can apply to collective agents as well as individuals. Instance of this type must specify the agent who owns the money referred to. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :OwnedObject :en "owned object" ; :enn "owned object" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OwnedObject'' is a ''Property'' (not necessarily a PeronalProperty) that is a PhysicalObject - a''Book-Physical'' or an ''Automobile'' or a piece of clothing, things that can be found at a second-hand shop or a used car lot, or a House Sale. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Property . :Owner :wnsense "owner2n" ; :wordnet "owner" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person or other legal agent (e.g. corporation) who owns something. Sense 1 of 'owner' in WN is represented as the subtype ''Proprietor''. Includes sense 2 of 'owner' in WordNet, and sense 1 is represeed by the subtype ''Proprietor''. : in WordNet: 2. (9) owner, possessor - (a person who owns something; 'they are searching for the owner of the car'; 'who is the owner of that friendly smile?') WN Corresponds to FIBO 'owner': uses SKOS def: WN 'A party in the ownership role; one that owns something. WN The thing owned is an Asset to that Party.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartyInRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThing :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ownership ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Ownership :FIBO "ownership" ; :wnsense "ownership2n", "ownership3n" ; :wordnet "ownership" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Ownership' is a 'Possession' (a PersistentState) in which a 'IntentionalAgent' has legal ownership of something - an Object or something intangible that is valuable. See also the relation 'owns' or 'hasOwnershipIn' Corresponds to FIBO 'ownership': skos-definition: 'Ownership is the context in which some Party is said to own some Independent Thing. The Party is defined as such due to its being the owning party to that Thing. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'ownership' and verb sense 1 of 'own' in WordNet, noun sense 1 appears to include one component ('possession with the right to [sell]') that is included in this sense, but that is conflated with a 'relation'. in WordNet: 1. (4) ownership - (the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others) 2. (10) possession, ownership - (the act of having and controlling property) 3. ownership - (the state or fact of being an owner) WN verb 'own': 1. (47) own, have, possess - (have ownership or possession of; 'He owns three houses in Florida'; 'How many cars does she have?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Owner ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOwned ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropertyRight ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ] . :Ox :guid "bd58f326-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ox1n" ; :wordnet "ox" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Oxen are castrated male #$Cattle-Generic (i.e. bulls) that have been trained for hauling loads, as opposed to Steers, the castrated male #$Cattle-Generic which are raised for slaughter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ox' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ox - (an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bull-MaleHerdAnimal, :DomesticCattle, :Herbivore, :NonHumanAnimal, :PlacentalMammal, :TerrestrialOrganism . :Oxidation :CYC "OxidationProcess" ; :en "oxidation process" ; :guid "be010767-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oxidation1n", "oxidisation1n", "oxidization1n" ; :wordnet "oxidation", "oxidisation", "oxidization" ; a :ChemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ChemicalProcess where Electrons are removed from the substance undergoing the ChemicalProcess. **NOTE** in spite of the name,''Oxygen'' is not necessarily involved,as this is the technical Chemistry concept. NOTE: AN Oxidation of one substance necessarily involves a reduction of another, and in chemistry, one speaks of 'redox' reactions, (reduction-oxidation). But the term 'oxidation' commonly refers to the reaction of something relatively stable (iron, wood) with air, and the perspective is saliently from the side of the thing being oxidized. So there is no precise logical distinction between an oxidation and a reduction, unless one has a particular starting material in mind as one of the reactants. Cyc: (OxidationProcess): A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, some amount of #$Oxygen reacts with ('reduces') another substance and releases energy in the process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oxidation' in Wordnet: 1. (21) oxidation, oxidization, oxidisation - (the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reduction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalReaction, :HeatProductionProcess, :PhysicalTransformationEvent . :Oxide :guid "bd58be91-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Oxygen ; :wnsense "oxide1n" ; :wordnet "oxide" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any compound that is a combination of some element and Oxygen, bound together in any combination. This is only for inorganic oxides. CYC: An instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType and a specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$Oxide is a portion of stuff in which each molecule consists of a combination of oxygen atoms with one or more atoms of another element. Specializations of #$Oxide include #$IronOxide (i.e. rust), #$CarbonDioxide, and (#$PureFn #$Water) (i.e. the collection of portions of chemically pure water). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oxide' in WordNet: 1. (5) oxide - (any compound of oxygen with another element or a radical) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicChemical . :OxideType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''OxideType'' is a subtype of ''SubstanceType'' specialized to allow easy representation one class of chemicals. Testing r1519. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Oxygen :hasProtonCount "8"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "oxygen" ; :wnsense "oxygen1n" ; :wordnet "oxygen" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element with eight protons in each nucleus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oxygen' in WordNet: 1. (56) oxygen, O, atomic number 8 - (a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Gas, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OxygenAtom ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfManyOf ] . :OxygenAtom :en "oxygen atom" ; :enn "oxygen atom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "One atom of ''Oxygen''; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :OxygenCompound a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ChemicallyDefinedSubstance containing Oxygen in its molecule..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Oxygen_20percent :isaFractionalComponentOf :Air ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Oxygen at 20% weight fraction (in some mixture). Note that the percentage of other constituents is not specified. To specify a full range of compositional values in some mixture, one can indicate each 'FractionalComponentSubstance' individually. NOTE that because substances are Classes, the relation 'isaFractionalComponentOf' has to be on the Class itself, and the 'restriction' does not carry any meaning other than as documentation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalComponentSubstance, :Oxygen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :isaFractionalComponentOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.20"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :isWeightFraction ] . :Oyster :guid "bd588725-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oyster1n" ; :wordnet "oyster" ; a :BeastType, :SpawnerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ \" O Oysters, come and walk with us! The Walrus did beseech. \" (From :\" The Walrus and the Carpenter \" By Lewis Carroll) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'oyster' in Wordnet: 1. (1) oyster - (marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mollusk . :Ozone :guid "c100a3e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ozone1n" ; :wordnet "ozone" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A triatomic allotropic form of the chemical element #$Oxygen, O3. Pure #$Ozone is an unstable, faintly bluish gas with a characteristic fresh, penetrating odor. Below its boiling point (-112 C) ozone is a dark blue liquid a blue-black crystalline solid. It is formed in the #$OzoneLayer-PlanetEarth (part of #$Stratosphere-PlanetEarth) by the action of solar ultraviolet light on #$Oxygen. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ozone' in WordNet: 1. (3) ozone - (a colorless gas (O3) soluble in alkalis and cold water; a strong oxidizing agent; can be produced by electric discharge in oxygen or by the action of ultraviolet radiation on oxygen in the stratosphere (where it acts as a screen for ultraviolet radiation)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas, :OxygenCompound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :PERSON_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for names of individual people. Some people are labeled by simply removing the spaces in the name.""" . :PM_11_00 a :ClockTime . :PM_7_00 a :ClockTime . :POL_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for codes or full terms that identify a political organization. Different political organizations (e.g. political parties) in different countries may have the same name, and can be distinguished by using this prefix.""" . :PR_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix 'PR_' is used to label a 'PressureMeasure' . Thus 'PR_760mm' is the pressure of 760 mm of mercury pressure.. """ . :PR_760mm :hasQuantifier :N_760 ; :hasUnit :mmHg ; a :PressureMeasure . :Pace :wnsense "pace1n" ; :wordnet "pace" ; a :MeasureType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A rate of linear motion. The rate of moving on foot is represented by the subtype 'gait'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pace' in WordNet: 1. (10) pace, gait - (the rate of moving (especially walking or running)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RateMeasure . :Pachyderm :guid "c0f46e1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pachyderm1n" ; :wordnet "pachyderm" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Large mammals having a thick hide, specifically elephants, rhinos, and hippos. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pachyderm' in WordNet: 1. pachyderm - (any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals having very thick skin: elephant; rhinoceros; hippopotamus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, :PlacentalMammal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThickHide ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :PacificOcean :hasMassInGrams "3.32E23"^^xsd:float ; a :Ocean ; rdfs:comment """The whole Pacific, North and South,excluding adjacent seas. This is the physical object consisting of lots of water.. """ . :Pacifier :guid "be905e54-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baby's dummy1n", "comforter1n", "pacifier2n", "teething ring1n" ; :wordnet "baby's dummy", "comforter", "pacifier", "teething ring" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pacifiers. A #$Pacifier is a device that is used by a #$HumanInfant or #$HumanToddler. The child holds the #$Pacifier in his or her mouth and sucks on it. This often has a soothing affect on the child, and may also ease the pain of teething. This is used during the period when a child is performing ''Teething' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pacifier' in WordNet: 2. comforter, pacifier, baby's dummy, teething ring - (device used for an infant to suck or bite on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :HandSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CalmingAnInfant ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SuckingOnSomethingInMouth ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Pacifist :wnsense "disarmer1n", "pacificist1n", "pacifist1n" ; :wordnet "disarmer", "pacificist", "pacifist" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pacifist'' is a Person with strong objections to waging war, though not for clear cases of self-defense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pacifist' in WordNet: 1. pacifist, pacificist, disarmer - (someone opposed to violence as a means of settling disputes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :PartyInRole, :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpposingWar ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Pacifistic :en "anti-war" ; :enadj "anti-war" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ConvertibleSecurity ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Exchange ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Exchange ; :wnsense "dovish1adj", "pacifist1adj", "pacifistic1adj" ; :wordnet "dovish", "pacifist", "pacifistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pacifistic' in Wordnet: 1. pacifist, pacifistic, dovish - (opposed to war) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Pacing :guid "bd588bc6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pace1v" ; :wordnet "pace" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Walking with a deliberate or measured stride. Pacing is also associated with expending nervous energy. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pace' in WordNet: 1. (10) pace - (walk with slow or fast paces; 'He paced up and down the hall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess ; owl:disjointWith :Running . :Pack :ldoce "pack" ; :wnsense "pack3n" ; :wordnet "pack" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any 'Package' that is small enough to be held in the hand, such as a pack of cigarettes (i.e. is a 'PortableObject'). A 'Pack' must include the wrapping or container; A 'pack of cards' is an instance of this type *only* when it is in its holding box (outside, it is a 'deck of cards'). For a 'pack of cards' referring to the set of 52 cards, use 'PackOfThings'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pack' in WordNet: 3. (1) pack - (a convenient package or parcel (as of cigarettes or film)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Package, :SmallObject . :PackOfAnimals :ldoce "pack" ; :wnsense "pack6n" ; :wordnet "pack" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PackOfAnimals' is a GroupOfAnimals each of which is a animal that hunts for food and moves in groups called 'packs', such as wolf packs. Other types of animals have Groups labeled by different terms ('a flock of geese'). Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'pack' in WordNet: 6. pack - (a group of hunting animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClusterOfAnimals, :GroupOfBeasts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :HuntingAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PackOfChocolateBars :en "pack of chocolate bars", "plastic wrapped pack of chocolate bars" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PackOfChocolateBars'' is a ''PlasticWrappedPackOfCandyBars'' in which the cotents are ''ChocolateBar''s. The exact type of bars can be specified by creating a subtype of this type.. If a dfferent type of wrap needs to be specified, the subtype ''PlasticWrappedPackage'' can be replaced by a different type that specifies a different 'Wrapping' material. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlasticWrappedPackage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ChocolateBar ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PackOfThings :ldoce "pack" ; :wnsense "pack2n" ; :wordnet "pack" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SetOfObjects for which each Object is of the same type, such as a pack of cards; an instance of PackOfThings will often but not necessarily be a *complete* set of such objects. This type does *not* include any wrapping material, so a PackOfThings that are playing cards could be loose in the hand, or contained in a container. Most linguistic references to a 'pack' of things will include the container,and be represented by COSMO 'Pack'; loose playing cards without the packaging may also be referred to as a 'deck of cards'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pack' in WordNet: 2. (1) pack - (a complete collection of similar things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SetOfObjects . :Package :CYC "PackagedObject" ; :guid "c0f7e4f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "packet", "parcel" ; :wnsense "package1n", "package2n", "packet1n", "packet3n", "parcel1n", "parcel4n" ; :wordnet "package", "packet", "parcel" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any solid artifact that contains contents (a ''ContainerAndContents'') held together by some packaging or wrapping. A thin 'wrapping' paper or straps is considered as a borderling 'Comtainer' so this is a subtype of 'ContainerAndContents'; the wrapping is here considered as an ad hoc and temporary 'container'. Things placed in an open bag are included - the packaging does not have to be closed nor fully enveloping the contents, just sufficient to hold them. If, however, it is wrapped around by some sheet-like material, it would be an instance of the subtype ''WrappedPackage''. \"cargo\" This is a GroupOfObjects because it has at least two components - the contents and the packaging. A 'Package' can be large, such as something in a shipping crate. For small Packages able to be held in the hand (a pack of cigarettes) use 'Pack'. In Cyc called 'PackagedObject' Cyc: An object that is packaged together with its packaging. Packaging may serve to protect, identify, disguise (e.g., a wrapped present), physically control, the object. NOTE: the distinction between a 'box' and other types of packing container is not made here Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'package' and senses 1 and 3 of 'packet' and senses 1 and 4 of 'parcel' in WordNet: 1. (3) package, bundle, packet, parcel - (a collection of things wrapped or boxed together) 2. (3) package, parcel - (a wrapped container) WN 'packet' 3. packet - (a small package or bundle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, :ObjectGroup, :SolidTangibleArtifact . :PackagedProduct :guid "bd58eebe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ManufacturedGoods and #$PackagedObject. Each instance of #$PackagedProduct is a complete packaged product, including everything the customer gets when the product is purchased, i.e. the main product itself (see #$mainProduct), along with any packaging materials, manuals, instructions, warranty cards, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ManufacturedGoods, :Package . :PackagingBag a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Bag that is sealed in some way when used as intended, used to package goods as a unit for sale or shipment. This excludes the open bags we use to carry stuff home from the store..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bag, :PackagingContainerProduct, :StorageConstruct . :PackagingBox a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Box used to package goods as a unit for sale or shipment. Holds items during the shipping and selling processes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Box, :PackagingContainerProduct, :TransportationContainerProduct . :PackagingContainerProduct :guid "c10ae6cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Container product intended to serve as the packaging for other products. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageConstruct . :PackagingUnit a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any UnitOfMeasure used to describe quantities in packages, typically used in commercial distribution contexts. One example would be in expressing maximum doses for medications, such as in 'maximum dose per day'. @ToDo: UCUm unit? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :PacketsPerSecond a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The rate or speed of Packet-Networks transferred in a second." ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeDependentQuantity . :Packing :en "packing" ; :guid "bd58f133-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pack" ; :wnsense "pack1v" ; :wordnet "pack" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This sense is for an agent asembling objects into some kind of package or container, so that they can be handled as a unit. This includes the metaphorical sense in the sentgence: 'This writer just packs in the metaphors, paragraph by paragraph.', where the paragraph is the container for the metaphors. OntoNotes Commentary: NP1[+agent] PACK (NP2[+concrete]) (IN NP3[container]) However, there are two senses not included here that Wordnet and OntoNotes includes, which should be separated out, meaning (1) that some material is *compacted* into a smaller volume, without being placed in a container, as in the sentences: The tighter a substance is packed, the denser it is. We packed the clay and straw into bricks. (2) the sense of inanimate objects coming together into a perceptible group, as in: 'Heavy clouds packed together, signalling rain.' For this sense, use 'ComingTogether'. @ToDoFOL: NOTE that there should be an inference that the place where the LocalGroup is assembled is a Container - but this requires FOL and is beyond OWL expressiveness Cyc: A collection of events. In each instance of #$Packing, some object(s) is/are put into a package. Note: Although #$Packing is a type of event, not a type of process, nevertheless one sometimes 'packs an item' for shipment by partially disassembling it and then 'packing it' in several packages, and that is seen as one single instance of #$Packing, even though each of the individual packages being packed is also seen as a #$Packing. For a related concept, see #$PackagingEvent. OntoNotes sense = sense 1 of WordNet 'pack' OntoNote examples: Who Packed the Suitcase? Billy had carefully packed the maps. Taverns were called clubs and owners packed the cheese in crocks. The tighter a substance is packed, the denser it is. We packed the clay and straw into bricks. Heavy clouds packed together, signalling rain. I packed up my stuff and moved across town. This writer just packs in the metaphors, paragraph by paragraph. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pack' in WordNet: 1. (12) pack - (arrange in a container; 'pack the books into the boxes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gathering, :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething . :PackingTape :en "packing tape" ; :guid "c0a4692a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of PackingTape is a piece of Tape - an Object, not a Substance. Cyc: The collection packing tape. This is strong wide tape used for packaging.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdhesiveTape . :Pad :wnsense "pad4n" ; :wordnet "pad" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A soft, stuffed Artifact to support something, not necessariy a animal (see ''Cushion''). May be a bag-like object but being thin it could be a single layer of some soft material. The subtype ''PotHolder'' is small and insulated for use in handling hot objects, soit 'supports' the hot objectwhile in the hand, not by sitting on the ''Pad''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pad' in WordNet: 4. pad - (a usually thin flat mass of padding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :DurableGood, :SpongyObject, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :PadOfPaper :guid "c1005b7e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pad of paper1n", "pad1n", "tablet2n" ; :wordnet "pad", "pad of paper", "tablet" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a PadOfPaper is a Group of SheetOfPaper, bound together in some way. A PadOfPaper may include some components other than SheetOfPapers, such as a cardboard backing, and some binding material. Cyc: The collection of all pads composed of sheets of (writing) paper. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pad of paper' in WordNet: 1. (1) pad, pad of paper, tablet - (a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :ObjectGroup, :SmallObject, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SheetOfPaper ] . :Padded :guid "2a5b2890-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :HardObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Cushioning ; :wnsense "cushioned1adj", "cushiony1adj", "padded1adj" ; :wordnet "cushioned", "cushiony", "padded" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Padded'' is an attribute of ''HardObject''s whose surface has been made softer by adding a ''Cushion'' to it in a ''Cushioning'' Action.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'padded' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cushioned, cushiony, padded - (softened by the addition of cushions or padding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Soft . :Padding :wnsense "cushioning1n", "padding1n" ; :wordnet "cushioning", "padding" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SolidSubstance that is Compressible and Soft,. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'padding' in WordNet: 1. padding, cushioning - (artifact consisting of soft or resilient material used to fill or give shape or protect or add comfort) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :CompressibleSubstance, :FunctionalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Paddle-Water :guid "be011aad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "paddle4n" ; :wordnet "paddle" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Paddle used in paddling a watercraft by hand. In COSMO this is a subtype of ''Oar'' that is on the small end of the spectrum of ''Oar''s; in CYC the parent-subtype is reversed. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'paddle' in Wordnet: 4. paddle, boat paddle - (a short light oar used without an oarlock to propel a canoe or small boat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaddlingABoat ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PaddleWheel :guid "c0fcdee6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "paddle wheel1n", "paddlewheel1n" ; :wordnet "paddle wheel", "paddlewheel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The large wheel on the back (or side) of a paddle boat which provides the forward propulsion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paddle wheel' in WordNet: 1. paddlewheel, paddle wheel - (a large wheel fitted with paddles and driven by an engine in order to propel a boat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wheel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropellingaBoat ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaddleWheeler ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaddleWheelPaddle ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :PaddleWheelPaddle :en "paddle wheel paddle", "paddle wheel vane" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PaddleWheelPaddle'' is one of at least three horizontally oriented flat vanes (considered as 'paddles') mounted in a circular row between two supporting wheels, functioning as 'paddles' (like the oars of a rowboat) to propel ''PaddleWheeler'', but driven by an engine (traditionally a 'steam engine'). These may be mounted at the back or along the side of a ''PaddleWheeler''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericVane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaddleWheel ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PaddleWheeler :wnsense "paddle steamer1n", "paddle-wheeler1n" ; :wordnet "paddle steamer", "paddle-wheeler" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PaddleWheeler'' is a ''SteamShip'', for passengers or freight, typically travelling on a River, propelled by a ''PaddleWheel'' which is driven by an engine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paddle-wheeler' in WordNet: 1. paddle steamer, paddle-wheeler - (a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SteamShip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :River ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaddleWheel ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :PaddlingABoat :guid "bfc3ac4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "paddle1v" ; :wordnet "paddle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$Boating in which the boat is propelled partially or wholly by means of repeatedly dipping a #$Paddle-Water into the water, pushing or pulling the paddle against the water, and removing the paddle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paddle' in WordNet: 1. (1) paddle - (propel with a paddle; 'paddle your own canoe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boating, :Rowing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paddle-Water ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :Padlock :guid "bd58e3fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "padlock1n" ; :wordnet "padlock" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Locks that have a loop. The 'loop' of a ''Padlock'' is called a 'shackle' and represented as 'Shackle''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'padlock' in WordNet: 1. (1) padlock - (a detachable lock; has a hinged shackle that can be passed through the staple of a hasp or the links in a chain and then snapped shut) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :Lock, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PadlockBody ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shackle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PadlockingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredInstrumentForAction ] . :PadlockBody a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PadlockBody'' is a ''Casing' (a container) that holds several functional components of a 'Padlock'' and is designed to hold the ''Shackle'' and lock it in place """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Casing, :HandSizedObject, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LockingMechanism ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shackle ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToSemiRigidly ] . :PadlockingSomething :wnsense "padlock1v" ; :wordnet "padlock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'padlock' in WordNet: 1. (1) padlock - (fasten with a padlock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LockingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Padlock ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :Paganism :guid "c127b510-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heathenism1n", "pagan religion1n", "paganism1n" ; :wordnet "heathenism", "pagan religion", "paganism" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Paganism'' is often associated with a belief in multiple 'gods' and lack of belief that the 'God' of the Bible is the only God.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paganism' in WordNet: 1. (1) paganism, pagan religion, heathenism - (any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Religion . :Page :en "page" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single page of Text, whether abstract or physical. For a page in a physical document use 'PhysicalPage' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :InformationBearingThing . :PageField :en "page part" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PageField''is a ''PagePart'' in some ''Surface-Generic'', that can be on an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. This is added primarily in order to represent a ''FormField\"'' whis may be a ''BlankSpace''to be filled, for the notion of 'filling in the blanks' whether on an AbstractDocument (as represented on a computer screen) or on a ''PhysicalPage'' This ''PageField'' does not have to be blank or fillable, it can be just an identifiable section of a generic ''Page'', such as a 'paragraph' that starts on a certain page (so one can say 'in paragraph 3 on page 134') NOTE that this is not a 'proper part', so can be the whole page. NOTE also that the part that is 'blank' on a ''BlankField'' does not include the field label. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PagePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Page ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :PageMargin :wnsense "margin5n" ; :wordnet "margin" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PageMargin' is a Region that borders some side(s) of a ''Page'' whether physical paper or on a screen or abstractly represented in a computer file. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'margin' in WordNet: 5. margin - (the blank space that surrounds the text on a page) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Margin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Page ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-2D ] . :PagePart :en "page part" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PagePart''is a 'SurfacePart' in some generic ''Page'', that can be a page in an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. This is added primarily in order to represent ''BlankSpace'' for the notion of 'filling in the blanks' whether on an AbstractDocument (as represented on a computer screen) or on a ''PhysicalPage'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfacePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Page ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :Pageant :wnsense "pageant2n", "pageantry1n" ; :wordnet "pageant", "pageantry" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pageant' in WordNet: 2. pageant, pageantry - (a rich and spectacular ceremony) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceremony, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elaborate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pager :guid "bf4573b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beeper1n", "pager1n" ; :wordnet "beeper", "pager" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An instance is a small machine that you carry in a pocket, that makes short high noises to tell the person who is wearing it that they must telephone someone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pager' in WordNet: 1. beeper, pager - (an electronic device that generates a series of beeps when the person carrying it is being paged) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContactLocation, :ManufacturedGoods, :PersonalDevice, :WirelessCommunicationDevice . :Pagoda :guid "c10af8e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pagoda1n" ; :wordnet "pagoda" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Far Eastern towers serving as shrines, usually part of a temple or monastery. NOTE: WN has this as a temple, while CYC has it as part of a temple. Maybe both possibilities?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pagoda' in WordNet: 1. pagoda - (an Asian temple; usually a pyramidal tower with an upward curving roof) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TempleBuilding, :Tower . :Paid :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Paying ; :wnsense "paid1adj" ; :wordnet "paid" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Paid'' is the attribute of something that experienced a ''Paying'', usually a bill or debt. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paid' in Wordnet: 1. (2) paid - (marked by the reception of pay; 'paid work'; 'a paid official'; 'a paid announcement'; 'a paid check') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PaidTask :ldoce "job" ; :wnsense "job2n", "task1n" ; :wordnet "job", "task" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PaidTask is some Action or series of Actions that a Person is hired to do for pay (not necessarily monetary compensation). A 'PaidTask' may be part of the assignments of a 'Job' (regular employment), or any single Task that is agreed on by the person ororganization paying and performing the Task. @ToDo: needs restriction Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'job' in WordNet: 2. (15) job, task, chore - (a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee; 'estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars'; 'the job of repairing the engine took several hours'; 'the endless task of classifying the samples'; 'the farmer's morning chores') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Task, :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gainful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pail :wnsense "pail1n" ; :wordnet "pail" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bucket'' with an open top and a handle, and perhaps sloping sides. This is narrower (more specific) usage than in general speech. WordNet makes no distinction between ''Bucket'' and ''Pail''. The Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pail' in Wordnet: 1. (5) bucket, pail - (a roughly cylindrical vessel that is open at the top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bucket, :OpenTopContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :PainOrAche :guid "be90f1a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AilmentType, :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc termed 'Pain-PhysiologicalCondition'. PainOrAche is the state representing any period during which an animal experiences a feeling that would be categorized as 'ache' or 'pain'. PainOrAche is an instance of FeelingType (a subtype of PhysiologicalConditionType). The restriction specifies that each PainOrAche is a symptom of some AilmentType, but does not require that the AilmentType be specified; it can be specified if known. NOTE that 'ache' is a subtype of 'Pain' in the Random House Webster: (ache, sense 4), and in WordNet - RHW (ache, 4) 'a continuous, dull pain (in contrast to a sharp, sudden, or sporadic pain).' In COSMO all aches and pains are subtypes of the 'PainOrAche' category. For mental 'Pain' use 'MentalDistress'. This type is an instance of ''AilmentType'' even though it may be due to random and non-threatening events such as a dog bite or an overexercised muscle, because it may be 'treated' by medication or therapy or massage,and in that way is viewed similarly to an ''AilmentCondition''. So in COSMO a ''Symptom'' and an ''AilmentCondition'' are not absolutely disjoint. Cyc: A collection of the #$PhysiologicalConditions in which the #$bodilyDoer experiences physical pain. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'pain' in WordNet: 1. (32) pain, hurting - (a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; 'the patient developed severe pain and distension') 3. (9) pain, pain sensation, painful sensation - (a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; 'as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain') WN noun 'ache': 1. (2) ache, aching - (a dull persistent (usually moderately intense) pain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, :Symptom, :UnpleasantSensation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AilmentType ; owl:onProperty :isaSymptomOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Painful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Painful :isTheOppositeOf :Painless ; :ldoce "painful" ; :wnsense "afflictive1adj", "irritating3adj", "painful1adj", "painful2adj", "painful4adj", "sore2adj" ; :wordnet "afflictive", "irritating", "painful", "sore" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Painful' is an AttributeValue that can be applied to Events (e.g. injury), or physiological conditions (Pain), or certain static situations (pressure, cold, heat). This is an attribute meaning that the Painful thing causes 'PainOrAche' of unspecified intensity. For psychological 'painful' things, use 'Distressing'. Includes parts of adjective senses 1,2, and 4 of 'painful' in WordNet; only the physical pain is represented here; in WordNet: 1. (10) painful - (causing physical or psychological pain; 'worked with painful slowness') 2. (1) afflictive, painful, sore - (causing misery or pain or distress; 'it was a sore trial to him'; 'the painful process of growing up') 4. irritating, painful - (causing physical discomfort; 'bites of black flies are more than irritating; they can be very painful') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Painless :isTheOppositeOf :Painful ; :wnsense "painless2adj" ; :wordnet "painless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Painless' is an AttributeValue of Events that do not cause any significant ''SharpPain'' (though the needle may sting). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'painless ' in WordNet: 2. painless - (not causing physical or psychological pain; 'painless dentistry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :Painstaking :wnsense "conscientious1adj", "painstaking1adj", "scrupulous2adj" ; :wordnet "conscientious", "painstaking", "scrupulous" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'painstaking' in WordNet: 1. conscientious, painstaking, scrupulous - (characterized by extreme care and great effort; 'conscientious application to the work at hand'; 'painstaking research'; 'scrupulous attention to details') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Careful . :Paint :guid "bd58d30b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Pigment ; :ldoce "paint" ; :wnsense "paint1n" ; :wordnet "paint" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Paint of all kinds, both in its liquid state and (later) in its dried state on a surface. For the liquid paint only, use 'Paint-undried'. NOTE that this includes as a subtype ''Varnish' so a ''Paint'' does not necessarily have to have a color, or a pigment as component. (This may be disputed - if problematic, make a subtype of 'ColoredPaint') COSMO note: In SUMO Paint is classified as a Solution, but paint is physically a 'Suspension', containing solid undissolved pigment particles. SUMO requires 'coloring' abilty but COSMO does not. SUMO: Any Solution which is capable of Coloring something. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paint' in WordNet: 1. (7) paint - (a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :CoatingMaterial, :ConsumableProduct, :Suspension . :Paint-dried :hasQualitativeAttribute :Dried ; :isaDriedFormOfSubstance :Paint ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of substances consisting of Paint which has dried: dry paint.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance . :Paint-undried a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of substances consisting of Paint which has not dried: wet paint on a surface or paint in a container.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSuspension, :Paint . :PaintBrush :guid "bd58c8a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "paintbrush1n" ; :wordnet "paintbrush" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A stick with a set of fibers at the end used to paint. This is for a paintbrush of any size,from wide ones used to paint a house to small ones used in paintting a picture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paintbrush' in WordNet: 1. paintbrush - (a brush used as an applicator (to apply paint)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brush, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingPaint ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :PaintCoating :hasShape :SheetLike ; :wnsense "coat of paint1n" ; :wordnet "coat of paint" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Coating' of ''Paint''. a subtype could be 'second coating' or 'finish coating'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coat of paint' in WordNet: 1. coat of paint - (a layer of paint covering something else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paint ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Painted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart :PaintCoating ; :wnsense "painted1adj" ; :wordnet "painted" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Painted'' is the AttributeValue of a SolidObject that has been 'Coated' with ''Paint''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'painted' in WordNet: 1. (2) painted - (coated with paint; 'freshly painted lawn furniture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coated . :Painter :wnsense "painter1n", "painter2n" ; :wordnet "painter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The parent class including painters who are artists and painters who are trade workers.. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'painter' in WordNet: 1. (15) painter - (an artist who paints) 2. painter - (a worker who is employed to cover objects with paint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkilledWorker . :Painter-Artist :wnsense "painter1n" ; :wordnet "painter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who paints pictures to create works of art.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'painter' in WordNet: 1. (15) painter - (an artist who paints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GraphicArtist, :Painter . :Painter-Tradesperson :guid "bd58cf59-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "painter2n" ; :wordnet "painter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who paints walls and other construction artifacts as a job. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'painter' in WordNet: 2. painter - (a worker who is employed to cover objects with paint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Painter, :TradeWorker . :Painting :guid "bd58c77e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "painting", "picture" ; :wnsense "painting1n", "picture2n" ; :wordnet "painting", "picture" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: In Cyc called 'Painting-ArtForm'. The actual art form (FieldOfStudy) is represented in COSMO by 'TheArtOfPainting'. This type is for the physical objects created by an action creating a picture by applying paint to a surface. For the act of applying paint to a surface use 'ApplyingPaint'. Cyc: The collection of physical paintings as representational art forms. Paintings are tangible #$InformationBearingObjects, consisting of pigment applied to some surface (usually flat, often rectangular and sheetlike). This includes frescos painted on walls. SUMO: Any ArtWork which is produced by Painting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'painting' and sense 2 of 'picture' in WordNet: 1. (14) painting, picture - (graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface; 'a small painting by Picasso'; 'he bought the painting as an investment'; 'his pictures hang in the Louvre') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FineArtObject, :Hand-RenderedImage, :Picture . :PaintingAPicture :guid "bd58d3a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "paint" ; :wnsense "paint1v" ; :wordnet "paint" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of actions in which paint is applied to a surface to produce an image considered (at least by the performer) to be an #$ArtObject. This activity consumes Paint and produces a Painting, but the individuals need not be specified. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'paint' in WordNet: 1. (17) paint - (make a painting; 'he painted all day in the garden'; 'He painted a painting of the garden') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingPaint, :CreatingAnArtObject, :VisualArtActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Painting ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Painting ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ] . :PaintingAnObject :ldoce "paint" ; :wnsense "paint2v" ; :wordnet "paint" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'ApplyingPaint' action that is not intended to produce a 'Painting', but merely to coat an object or part of an object with 'Paint'. Painting a house, a room, a table, etc. @ToDo: One paints a SolidObject Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'paint' in WordNet: 2. (13) paint - (apply paint to; coat with paint; 'We painted the rooms yellow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingPaint, :ApplyingaFinish . :PaintingaHouse :en "painting a house" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PaintingaHouse' is a 'PaintingAnObject' action where the object painted is a ''House'' or similar structure. This can be for painting the exterior of interior. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaintingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HousePainter ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :PaintingaWatercolorPicture :wnsense "watercolor1v", "watercolour1v" ; :wordnet "watercolor", "watercolour" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'watercolor' in WordNet: 1. watercolour, watercolor - (paint with watercolors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaintingAPicture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterColorPainting ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterColorPainting ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterColorPaint ; owl:onProperty :consumesSubstance ] . :Pair :ldoce "pair" ; :wnsense "couple4n", "pair1n", "pair2n", "pair3n", "pair4n" ; :wordnet "couple", "pair" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pair is a Group containing exactly two elements. This includes all senses of 'pair' in WordNet; the subtypes can differentiate according to the kinds of things that are included in the Pair: in WordNet: 1. (18) pair, brace - (a set of two similar things considered as a unit) 2. (10) couple, pair, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke, couplet, distich, duo, duet, dyad, duad - (two items of the same kind) 3. (7) pair - (two people considered as a unit) 4. pair - (a poker hand with 2 cards of the same value) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :PairOfAnimals a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A 'PairOfAnimals' is two animals, considered as a Group.." ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBLO, :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PairOfBoots :en "boots", "pair of boots" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PairOfBoots'' is a ''Pair''of ''Boot''s matched in style,color, and size, for one left and one right foot. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Boot ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matched ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PairOfCountries :en "country pair", "pair of countries" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PairOfCountries'' is a ''GeographicalRegionPair'' in which both regions are ''CountryRegion''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegionPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CountryRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PairOfDice :wnsense "dice1n" ; :wordnet "dice" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PairOfDice'' is a (usually matched in color and size) of two ''Die-GamePiece''s typically thrown together in a game of chance, but also used individually. WordNet conflates the idividual 'die' and the pair. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'die' in WordNet: 1. (6) dice, die - (small cubes with 1 to 6 spots on the faces; used to generate random numbers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GamePiece, :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Die-GamePiece ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matched ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PairOfEvents :en "pair of events" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PairOfEvents' is two ''Event''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Event ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PairOfFlipFlops :wordnet "flip-flops" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A paired (left and right) set of two 'Flip-Flop''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Flip-Flop ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PairOfGloves :en "gloves", "pair of gloves" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pair of two ''Glove''s, for left and right hands, though not all gloves differentiate the two. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Glove ; owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothHands ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matched ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PairOfLungs :en "lungs" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pair of two lungs, typically a part of an ''AirBreathingVertebrates''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Lung ; owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirBreathingVertebrate ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PairOfNeighbors a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PairOfNeighbors' is two people, considered as a Group, who live nearby each other.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Neighbor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PairOfObjects a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PairOfObjects'' is a Pair each element of which is an PhysicalObject. The PairOfObjects itself also qualifies as an Object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PairOfPlantParts :en "pair of plant parts", "two plant parts" ; :enn "pair of plant parts", "two plant parts" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PairOfPlantParts'' is a ''PairOfObjects'' consisting of two ''PlantPart''s (especially leaves or branches). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :PlantPart ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :PairOfSandals :en "pair of sandals", "sandals" ; :ennp "sandals" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PairOfSandals'' is a ''Pair''of ''Sandal''s matched in style,color, and size, for one left and one right foot. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Sandal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matched ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PairOfShoes :en "pair of shoes", "shoes" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pair of two ''Shoe''s, for left and right feet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Shoe ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothFeet ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matched ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PairOfSneakers :en "sneakers" ; :ennp "sneakers" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PairOfSneakers'' is a ''Pair''of ''Sneaker''s matched in style, color, and size, for one left and one right foot. sneakers """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Sneaker ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matched ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PairType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PairType'' is a metatype used to allow specifying a type of ''Pair'' rather than an instance of ''Pair'' as the object of a ''isBetween'' relation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupType . :Paired :isAnAttributeValueOf :PairOfObjects ; :wnsense "opposite2adj", "paired2adj" ; :wordnet "opposite", "paired" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'opposite' in Wordnet: 2. (4) opposite, paired - (of leaves etc; growing in pairs on either side of a stem; 'opposite leaves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Pairing :wnsense "pairing2n" ; :wordnet "pairing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pairing'' is a ''CreatingSubgroups'' in which the subgroup formed has exactly two members. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pairing' in WordNet: 2. pairing - (the act of grouping things or people in pairs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingSubgroups, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Group ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pair ] . :Pajamas :en "pajamas", "pyjamas" ; :enn "pajamas", "pyjamas" ; :guid "bd58ee8c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jammies1n", "pajama2n", "pj's1n", "pyjama3n" ; :wordnet "jammies", "pajama", "pj's", "pyjama" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$SleepWear consisting of a loose, soft top and pants. These were first worn in Western cultures in the early 20th century. The style is thought to have originated in India. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pajamas' in WordNet: 2. pajama, pyjama, pj's, jammies - ((usually plural) loose-fitting nightclothes worn for sleeping or lounging; have a jacket top and trousers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SleepWear . :Pakistan :wnsense "Islamic Republic of Pakistan1n", "Pakistan1n", "West Pakistan1n" ; :wordnet "Islamic Republic of Pakistan", "Pakistan", "West Pakistan" ; a :AsianCountry ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Pakistan' (capitalized) in WordNet: 1. (1) Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, West Pakistan - (a Muslim republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947) """ . :PakistanPerson :wnsense "Pakistani1n" ; :wordnet "Pakistani" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Pakistani' in WordNet: 1. Pakistani - (a native or inhabitant of Pakistan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pakistan ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Pakistani :isAnAttributeValueOf :Pakistan ; :pertainsTo :Pakistan, :PakistanPerson ; :wnsense "Pakistani1adj" ; :wordnet "Pakistani" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Pakistani' in Wordnet: 1. Pakistani - (of or relating to Pakistan or its people or language; 'Pakistani mountain passes'; 'Pakistani soldiers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Palace :guid "bd58e96c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "palace" ; :wnsense "palace1n", "palace4n" ; :wordnet "palace" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Mansion (ResidentialBuilding) that is built for use of royalty. Called 'PalaceBuilding' in Cyc: Cyc: palace-HistoricConstruction, castles, chateaux! Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 4 of 'palace' in WordNet: 1. (3) palace, castle - (a large and stately mansion) 4. palace - (official residence of an exalted person (as a sovereign)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mansion . :Palate :isAnOrganicPartOf :Mouth ; :wnsense "palate1n", "roof of the mouth1n" ; :wordnet "palate", "roof of the mouth" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palate' in WordNet: 1. palate, roof of the mouth - (the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ] . :PalateBone :en "palate bone" ; :enn "palate bone" ; :guid "c04cdd7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skull ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Palau a :Country . :Pale :ldoce "pale" ; :wnsense "pale1adj" ; :wordnet "pale" ; a :AppearanceType, :ColorAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Pale' is a ColorAttribute that can be used directly, or to modify other ColorAttributes. When modifying other ColorAttributes, it means that the saturation of that color is perceptibly less than its optimal saturation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pale' in WordNet: 1. (12) pale - (very light colored; highly diluted with white; 'pale seagreen'; 'pale blue eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :Palestine :wnsense "Palestine1n" ; :wordnet "Palestine" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """Modern usage tends to restrict this to the non-Israel portion of the former Palestine. This COSMO usage still includes the whole land of the former mandate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Palestine' in WordNet: 1. (4) Palestine - (a former British mandate on the east coast of the Mediterranean; divided between Jordan and Israel in 1948) """ . :Palestinian :pertainsTo :Palestine ; :wnsense "Palestinian1adj" ; :wordnet "Palestinian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Palestinian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Palestinian''. This is usually written with a capital 'P'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Palestinian' in WordNet: 1. Palestinian - (of or relating to the area of Palestine and its inhabitants; 'Palestinian guerrillas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PalestinianPerson :wnsense "Palestinian1n", "Palestinian2n" ; :wordnet "Palestinian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'Palestinian' in WordNet: 1. Palestinian, Palestinian Arab - (a descendant of the Arabs who inhabited Palestine) 2. Palestinian - (an ethnic group of Arabs formerly living in Palestine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality . :Palette :guid "c10099a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "palette2n", "pallet5n" ; :wordnet "palette", "pallet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A portable flat surface used to hold oil or acrylic paints while painting a picture. Traditionally made of thin wood, having rounded edges and a thumb hole. A convenient innovation is a pad of oil-resistant paper palettes with a stiff cardboard back. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'palette' in WordNet: 2. (1) palette, pallet - (board that provides a flat surface on which artists mix paints and the range of colors used) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtSupplies, :Board, :FlatObject, :HandSizedObject, :PortableObject, :RigidObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaintingAPicture ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Painter-Artist ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpotOfFreshPaint ; owl:minCardinality "5" ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ] . :Palladium :guid "bd58b9ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "46"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Pd1n", "palladium1n" ; :wordnet "Pd", "palladium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Palladium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palladium' in WordNet: 1. (1) palladium, Pd, atomic number 46 - (a silver-white metallic element of the platinum group that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores; does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :PallativeRemedy :wnsense "alleviant1n", "alleviator2n", "palliative1n" ; :wordnet "alleviant", "alleviator", "palliative" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palliative' in WordNet: 1. palliative, alleviant, alleviator - (remedy that alleviates pain without curing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalRemedy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelievingPain ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Pallet :wnsense "pallet2n" ; :wordnet "pallet" ; a :ContainerType, :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pallet'' is a ''TransportablePlatform'' made of Wood from several boards, with two layers separated vertically by a space of about six inches, into which the forks of a ''Forklift'' can be inserted so as to lift and move the Pallet along with any load it supports. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pallet' in WordNet: 2. pallet - (a portable platform for storing or moving goods that are stacked on it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportablePlatform, :TransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :TransportationEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forklift ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :PalletLoad :en "pallet load" ; :enn "pallet load" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PalletLoad' is an approximate UnitOfMeasure, the quantity that will fill a ''Pallet'', of any size. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerFull, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pallet ; owl:onProperty :isTheQuantityThatWillFillA ] . :Palliation :wnsense "palliation1n" ; :wordnet "palliation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palliation' in WordNet: 1. palliation - (easing the severity of a pain or a disease without removing the cause) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelievingPain . :Pallid :ldoce "pale" ; :wnsense "pale4adj", "pallid1adj", "wan2adj" ; :wordnet "pale", "pallid", "wan" ; a :AppearanceType, :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Pallid' is a ColorAttribute of people's skin that it means that the saturation of the skin color is perceptibly less than its usual saturation, closer to white. This can be subjective, depending on an individual's normal skin color. 'a pallid complexion' Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'pale' and sense 1 of 'pallid' in WordNet: 4. (3) pale, pallid, wan - (abnormally deficient in color as suggesting physical or emotional distress; 'the pallid face of the invalid'; 'her wan face suddenly flushed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pale . :Palm :guid "bd590329-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "palm1n" ; :wordnet "palm" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called in CYC 'PalmOfHand'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palm' in WordNet: 1. (4) palm, thenar - (the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Surface-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :PalmOil :guid "95e15d92-0099-11d7-80a5-000347a4228d" ; :wnsense "palm oil1n" ; :wordnet "palm oil" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$EdibleOil. Palm oil is oil pressed from the dried fruit of the #$AfricanOilPalm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palm oil' in WordNet: 1. palm oil - (oil from nuts of oil palms especially the African oil palm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VegetableOil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PalmTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :PalmTree :guid "bd589b29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "palm tree1n", "palm3n" ; :wordnet "palm", "palm tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual Palm trees. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palm tree' in WordNet: 1. palm, palm tree - (any plant of the family Palmae having an unbranched trunk crowned by large pinnate or palmate leaves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tree . :Palpable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :FeelingWithTheHand ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :FeelingWithTheHand ; :wnsense "palpable1adj" ; :wordnet "palpable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Palpable'' is an Attribute of something (objects, attributes, or distinctions) can be perceived without difficulty by the human sense of touch - by touching. For the sense of 'being able to be felt by touching' use ''Tangible''. Correspods to part of adjective sense 1 of 'palpable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) palpable, tangible - (capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind; especially capable of being handled or touched or felt; 'a barely palpable dust'; 'felt sudden anger in a palpable wave'; 'the air was warm and close--palpable as cotton') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obvious, :Perceivable . :Palpitation :wnsense "palpitation1n" ; :wordnet "palpitation" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Palpitation'' is an ''Arrhythmia'' in which the heart beats rapidly (''Fast'') and irregularly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'palpitation' in WordNet: 1. palpitation - (a rapid and irregular heart beat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrhythmia, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fast ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pampered :en "pampered" ; :enadj "pampered" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Pampering ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pampered'' is the attribute of some Animal (usually a Person, often a Child) that has experienced a ''Pampering'' Action. This would be the attribute of a 'spoiled brat'. No WN sense for 'pampered' as an adjective. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Pampering :guid "c0c88962-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baby1v", "coddle1v", "cosset1v", "featherbed1v", "indulge4v", "mollycoddle1v", "pamper1v", "spoil4v" ; :wordnet "baby", "coddle", "cosset", "featherbed", "indulge", "mollycoddle", "pamper", "spoil" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pampering''is a type of 'TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay'in which the treatment is gentle and indulgent and is intended to satisfy a desire of the animal treated (usually a Person). For the Action in which a Person 'treats' him/herself in a similar way, use the intransitive ''IndulgingaDesire'' CYC: This is the collection of behaviors in which something is treated in an exaggerated version of the way one treats babies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'babying' in WordNet: 1. pamper, featherbed, cosset, cocker, baby, coddle, mollycoddle, spoil, indulge - (treat with excessive indulgence; 'grandparents often pamper the children'; 'Let's not mollycoddle our students!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, :SatisfyingaDesire, :TakingCareOfSomething, :TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gentle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pan :ldoce "pan" ; :wnsense "pan1n", "pan3n" ; :wordnet "pan" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A shallow metal OpenTopContainer; the height is less than 1/2 the width. A Pan may have a top (as in some frying pans), but the top is not essential to its being a Pan. A Pan does not have to have a handle. NOTE that this includes 'pans' used for panning (for gold etc). Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'pan' in WordNet: 1. (11) pan, cooking pan - (cooking utensil consisting of a wide metal vessel) 3. pan - (shallow container made of metal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpenTopContainer, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wide ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Panama :wnsense "Panama1n" ; :wordnet "Panama" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Panama' in WordNet: 1. (1) Panama, Republic of Panama -- (a republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence from Colombia in 1903) """ . :Pancake :guid "c100815e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "battercake1n", "flannel cake1n", "flannel-cake1n", "flapcake1n", "flapjack1n", "griddlecake2n", "hot cake1n", "hotcake1n", "pancake1n" ; :wordnet "battercake", "flannel cake", "flannel-cake", "flapcake", "flapjack", "griddlecake", "hot cake", "hotcake", "pancake" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pancake' in WordNet: 1. pancake, battercake, flannel cake, flannel-cake, flapcake, flapjack, griddlecake, hotcake, hot cake - (a flat cake of thin batter fried on both sides on a griddle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cake, :CourseOfAMeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flour ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Pancreas :guid "bd58a665-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pancreas1n" ; :wordnet "pancreas" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pancreatic #$Organs. Each instance of this collection is a unique #$Gland of a body attached to the #$Duodenum which is situated behind the #$Stomach beside the #$Spleen and produces #$InsulinTheSecretion, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic 'juice' essential for digestion of #$Proteins. The #$CommonBileDuct passes through the #$Pancreas, where it normally joins with the pancreatic duct before the combined duct empties into the #$Duodenum. SUMO: A large Gland that secretes Insulin and other substances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pancreas' in Wordnet: 1. pancreas - (a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gland . :Panda :wnsense "Ailuropoda melanoleuca1n", "coon bear1n", "giant panda1n", "panda bear1n", "panda1n" ; :wordnet "Ailuropoda melanoleuca", "coon bear", "giant panda", "panda", "panda bear" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panda' in WordNet: 1. giant panda, panda, panda bear, coon bear, Ailuropoda melanoleuca - (large black-and-white herbivorous mammal of bamboo forests of China and Tibet; in some classifications considered a member of the bear family or of a separate family Ailuropodidae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procyonid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BambooShoot ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Pandemonium :wnsense "bedlam1n", "chaos1n", "pandemonium1n" ; :wordnet "bedlam", "chaos", "pandemonium" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pandemonium'' is an intense level of ''DisorderlyActivity''. the term 'bedlam' originated as a description of the internal state of an insane asylum of that name. Includes noun senses 2, and 4 of 'chaos' in WordNet: 1. (12) chaos, pandemonium, bedlam, topsy-turvydom, topsy-turvyness - (a state of extreme confusion and disorder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisorderlyActivity . :Panegyric :wnsense "encomium1n", "eulogy2n", "paean1n", "panegyric1n" ; :wordnet "encomium", "eulogy", "paean", "panegyric" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Panegyric'' is a formal ''PraiseText'' usually written for or spoken at some special occasion. NOTE: the 'eulogy' for someone who has died is represented as a ''Eulogy''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panegyric' in WordNet: 1. encomium, eulogy, panegyric, paean, pean - (a formal expression of praise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PraiseText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Panel :CYC "Paneling" ; :wnsense "panel1n" ; :wordnet "panel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A solid Stiff FreeSheet that is an ArtifactObject; usually of metal, wood orsome composite suitable for providing some spport as a part of other ArtifactObjects. Not necesarily on the surface, but often is as a panel for decorating a wall. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panel' in WordNet: 1. (1) panel - (sheet that forms a distinct (usually flat) section or component of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Board, :ConstructionObject, :FreeSheet, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Paneling :guid "bd6987ea-2aa3-41d8-8845-f6020620923b" ; :wnsense "pane2n", "paneling1n", "panelling1n" ; :wordnet "pane", "paneling", "panelling" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of ''Paneling'' is a ''Panel'' of the type used as a structural component object in buildings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paneling' in WordNet: 1. (3) paneling, panelling, pane - (a panel or section of panels in a wall or door) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Panel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Panelist :wnsense "panelist1n", "panellist1n" ; :wordnet "panelist", "panellist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Panelist'' is a ''HumanAdult'' who is a member of a ''PanelistGroup''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panelist' in WordNet: 1. panelist, panellist - (a member of a panel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PanelistGroup ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :PanelistGroup :wnsense "panel4n" ; :wordnet "panel" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PanelistGroup'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that are gathered together or organized (for multiple gatherings) to perform some joint activity that involves judging or discussion. Not all members of a ''PanelistGroup'' may be present at every meeting. This is the broad sense of Panel and does not necessarily involve ''Judging'', so the parent type of the Panelists is only a ''HumanAdult'' Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'panel' in WordNet: 4. panel - (a group of people gathered for a special purpose as to plan or discuss an issue or judge a contest etc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :LocalGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Panelist ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupThoughtType ] . :Panic :guid "bd590740-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isanIntensiveFormOf :Fear ; :wnsense "panic1n" ; :wordnet "panic" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO NOTE: ''Terror'' is conflated with 'panic' in WN,but the two are separated in COSMO. ''panic' is sudden and addresses a more immediate threat and creates a greater impulse to flee or take evasive action. Terror can paralyse. A mild form of ''Terror'' may be generated by reading news or watching horror movies,but 'Panic'' doesn't arise that way. CYC: Overmastering and unreasoning, often groundless, fear or fright Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panic' in WordNet: 1. (7) panic, terror, affright - (an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distress, :Fear, :Nervousness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Panning :guid "bdc4bdd6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pan off1v", "pan out2v", "pan2v" ; :wordnet "pan", "pan off", "pan out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of events in which small pieces of gold or other metals are separated from sand and pebbles by agitating the mixture in water contained in a pan-shaped object. The 'washing' Action used is distinctive, and needs its own detaileddescription. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'pan' in WordNet: 2. (1) pan, pan out, pan off - (wash dirt in a pan to separate out the precious minerals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extracting, :HumanActivity, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ore ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pan ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Panorama :wnsense "panorama1n", "vista1n" ; :wordnet "panorama", "vista" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Panorama' is a ''Scenery'' (a subtype of ''View''), in which objects at long distances (more than a mile) can be seen, over a **wide angle** of view - greater than 75 angular degrees; this implies that there are no nearby obstructions that block the ability to view over a wide angle, and this requirement may restrict this perspective of an Event to only a subset of possible Views. Since the panorama is considered from one vantage point, the visual properties selected by this type are the ones that can be seen from that vantage point. RHW: 'an unobstructed and wide view of an extensive area in all directions.' NOTE that in WordNet a 'panorama' is a visual perception, whereas in in COSMO it is a situation which is the visual part of the physical situation. These are different concepts, but the Wordnet tagging of text probably includes this concept.. @TODo: a 'wide angle of view' may be a separate concept worth representing. Very different from the narrow angle of a telescope. in WordNet: 1. view, aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama - (the visual percept of a region; 'the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scenery . :Pansy :en "pansy" ; a :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pansy'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''PansyPlant''. No sense of 'pansy' in Wordnet for the flower alone. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CutFlower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PansyPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFlowerOfa ] . :PansyPlant :wnsense "pansy1n" ; :wordnet "pansy" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PansyPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'pansy', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Pansy'' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pansy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) violet - (any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :PantLeg :isDesignedToCover :HumanLeg ; :wnsense "pant leg1n", "trouser leg1n" ; :wordnet "pant leg", "trouser leg" ; a :ClothingType, :CoveringType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pant leg' in WordNet: 1. (2) pant leg, trouser leg - (the leg of a pair of trousers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :SomethingToWearPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Pantaloons :en "pantaloon" ; :wnsense "pantaloon1n" ; :wordnet "pantaloon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pantaloon' in WordNet: 3. pantaloon - (trousers worn in former times) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trousers . :Panther :wnsense "Felis onca1n", "Panthera onca1n", "jaguar1n", "panther1n" ; :wordnet "Felis onca", "Panthera onca", "jaguar", "panther" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CentralAmerican leopard-like feline. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'panther' in Wordnet: 1. (2) jaguar, panther, Panthera onca, Felis onca - (a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications considered a member of the genus Felis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BigCat . :Pantry :wnsense "pantry1n" ; :wordnet "pantry" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StorageRoom'' intended to contain food without refrigeration.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pantry' in WordNet: 1. (1) pantry, larder, buttery - (a small storeroom for storing foods or wines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageRoom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Pants :en "pants" ; :guid "c0fbc8c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pant" ; :wnsense "pant2n" ; :wordnet "pant" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Pants is a specialization of #$Clothing-Bottom. Each instance of #$Pants is a clothing item worn on the lower torso and legs. Notable specializations of #$Pants include #$ShortPants and #$LongPants. NOTE that this 'Pants' includes short pants that only cover the hip, so a 'pants' does not necessarily cover the leg. This allow 'pants' as underwear to be included - perhaps as a subtype. The longer pants are represented by 'Trousers'. COSMO note: the notion of 'covering each leg separately' in the Wordnet definition is interpreted as meaning that the garment covers the legs closely, as in men's pants, and this excludes the culottes that women wear, which resemble skirts. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pant' in WordNet: 1. (3) trouser, pant - ((usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately; 'he had a sharp crease in his trousers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Bottom, :EnvelopingCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanHip ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :PantsFallingDown a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PantsFallingDown'' is an Event in which a pair of pants (long or short) fallsoff the waist of a peron wearing it - for any reason, intentionally or unintentionally.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FallingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pants ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :PantsSuit :guid "bdec1c91-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every instance of the collection #$PantsSuit is an instance of #$ClothingOutfit and is thus a group of coordinated items intended to be worn together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pants suit' in WordNet: 1. pants suit - (a slack suit for women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WomensSuit . :Pantyhose :guid "bd58e14b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pantyhose1n" ; :wordnet "pantyhose" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all PantyHose. One piece covers both legs. Unlike ''Leotards'' this is usually worn under other clothing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pantyhose ' in WordNet: 1. pantyhose - (a woman's tights consisting of underpants and stockings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WomensHosiery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothLegs ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Underpants ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Pap :wnsense "pablum2n", "pap1n" ; :wordnet "pablum", "pap" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pap'' is a form of ''Drivel'' that is ''Worthless'' because it is oversimplified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pap' in WordNet: 1. (1) pap, pablum - (worthless or oversimplified ideas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drivel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oversimplified ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Papal :pertainsTo :Pope ; :wnsense "apostolic2adj", "apostolical1adj", "papal1adj", "pontifical1adj" ; :wordnet "apostolic", "apostolical", "papal", "pontifical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Papal'' is the ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the Catholic ''Pope'' and the attributes and powers and actions of the ''Pope''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'papal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) papal, apostolic, apostolical, pontifical - (proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles; 'papal dispensation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Paper :guid "bd589b34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; :ldoce "paper" ; :wnsense "paper1n" ; :wordnet "paper" ; a :PorousSheetType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: a sheetlike Substance.consisting mostly of cellulose (from wood fiber, cotton, or linen). NOTE: paper is created in sheetlike forms, but shredded paper is still paper, as long as it is still perceptibly sheetlike. If not perceptibly sheetlike, it is no longer 'Paper'. 'Paper' will not be restricted to the larger writing-quality sheets only. Paper thick enough and stiff enough to qualify as a 'Card' is still 'paper' (though a plastic card is not). For the substance which is sheet-like paper usable for writing, use 'PaperSheeting'. Plastic or other sheetlike materials not mainly created from cellulose are not 'Paper' in this sense. paper currency does consist of 'Paper'. Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleArtifact. Each instance of #$Paper is a portion of paper, considered as a 'stuff' out of which things can be made. Specializations of #$Paper include #$Cardboard, #$SheetOfPaper, and #$Bill-Currency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paper' in WordNet: 1. (31) paper - (a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, :SheetlikeSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fibrous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foldable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cellulose ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :Paper-IBO :guid "bf1629c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InformationBearingObject. Each instance of this collection is an artifact in the form of one or more sheets of #$Paper, containing markings (see #$VisualMark) that may be interpreted as encoding information. #$Paper-IBOs are often textual (i.e instances of #$TextualMaterial) but not always (c.f. #$MapCopy, for instance). When they consist of more than one sheet of paper, these are often bound together, as in a #$BookCopy or #$MagazineCopy. COSMO note: in COSMO this category is interpreted as containing all objects that are created predominantly to contain symbolic material written on paper, even if, as in some books, parts of the object are not actually paper.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PaperBag :guid "bd58f549-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carrier bag1n", "paper bag1n", "poke3n", "sack1n" ; :wordnet "carrier bag", "paper bag", "poke", "sack" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of bags made of paper. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paper bag' in WordNet: 1. (1) sack, poke, paper bag, carrier bag - (a bag made of paper or plastic for holding customer's purchases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bag, :PaperObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PaperBallot :en "paper ballot" ; :wnsense "ballot1n" ; :wordnet "ballot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PaperBallot'' is a ''Questionnaire'' that has blank spaces (which are usually boxes to be checked) that are filled to indicate a preference for a candidate or public question in a voting procedure, most commonly an ''Election''. This does not include electronic voting unless a 'paper trail' is created as a result of the machine action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ballot' in WordNet: 1. (3) ballot - (a document listing the alternatives that is used in voting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Questionnaire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Election ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Election ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :PaperClip :wnsense "paper clip1n", "paperclip1n" ; :wordnet "paper clip", "paperclip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small metal wire bent into a planar shape such that the edge of a stack of papers can be inserted between sections of the clip and the tension of the sections holds the clip to the papers and holds the papers together. Paper clips come in several shapes, such as oval and oblong. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paper clip' in Wordnet: 1. paper clip, paperclip, gem clip - (a wire or plastic clip for holding sheets of paper together; 'the paper clip was invented in 1900') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clip, :MarbleSizedObject, :Wire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PaperDocument :en "paper document" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PaperDocument'' is a ''Document-Physical'' consisting of one or more ''SheetOfWritingPaper''s which may be unbound or bound with a soft cover, but not having a hard cover,in which case it would be a book. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfWritingPaper ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :PaperFile :wnsense "file1n" ; :wordnet "file" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PaperFile'' is a ''ContainerAndContents'' consisting of a ''FileFolder''' that contains some''PaperDocument''s. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'file' in WordNet: 1. (17) file, data file - (a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaperDocument ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FileFolder ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DataFile ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :PaperHanky :en "tissue" ; :ldoce "handkerchief" ; :wnsense "facial tissue1n" ; :wordnet "facial tissue" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A thin sheet of TissuePaper, about one fooot square, that is usually sold in boxes of 100 to 250 sheets, used mostly for wiping moisture from the face, nose, or other parts of the body. Used as a substitute for a 'Handkerchief' when formality is not important. This sense doesn't appear in Wordnet. The closest LDOCE is 'handkerchief'. WN has 'facial tissue' as a type of 'paper', but it probably was intended as a piece of tisue, as this type represents: in WordNet: 1. facial tissue - (tissue paper suitable for use on the face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfTissuePaper, :SheetOfPaper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TissuePaper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PaperNapkin :en "paper napkin" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Napkin'' made of ''Paper''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Napkin, :SheetOfPaper . :PaperObject :guid "bd589b34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SolidTangibleArtifact. Each instance of #$Paper is a portion of paper, considered as a 'stuff' out of which things can be made. Specializations of #$Paper include #$Cardboard, #$SheetOfPaper, and #$Bill-Currency.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :FibrousObject, :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, :OpaqueObject, :OrganicMaterialObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foldable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PaperSheeting :hasShape :SheetLike ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The Substance 'Paper' in a sheet-like form.." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paper, :SheetlikeSubstance . :PaperTowel :wnsense "paper towel1n" ; :wordnet "paper towel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Towel made of paper. NOTE that this can be used ato represent one of a roll of sheets of ''AbsorbentPaper'' in a ''RollOfStuff', separable by tearing along the perforations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paper towel' in Wordnet: 1. paper towel - (a disposable towel made of absorbent paper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisposableProduct, :SheetOfPaper, :Towel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbsorbentPaper ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :PaperWeight :guid "befddd9e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "paperweight1n" ; :wordnet "paperweight" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of paper weights. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paperweight' in WordNet: 1. paperweight - (a weight used to hold down a stack of papers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :WeightDevice . :PaperbackBook :en "softcover" ; :enn "softcover" ; :wnsense "paper-back book1n", "paperback book1n", "paperback1n", "soft-cover book1n", "soft-cover1n", "softback book1n", "softback1n" ; :wordnet "paper-back book", "paperback", "paperback book", "soft-cover", "soft-cover book", "softback", "softback book" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PaperbackBook'' is a 'Book-Physical'' with a soft, flexible binding usually made of Paper of a 'weight' greater than that of the pages of the book (i.e. stiffer than writing paper). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paperback' in WordNet: 1. (1) paperback book, paper-back book, paperback, softback book, softback, soft-cover book, soft-cover - (a book with paper covers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardCover ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hardbound ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paperbacked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Paperbacked :en "paperbound", "softcover" ; :enadj "paperbound", "softcover" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PaperbackBook ; :wnsense "paperback1adj", "paperbacked1adj" ; :wordnet "paperback", "paperbacked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Paperbacked'' is the attribute of a ''PaperbackBook'' with a 'flexible' binding . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paperback' in Wordnet: 1. paperback, paperbacked - ((of books) having a flexible binding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Paperwork :wnsense "paperwork1n" ; :wordnet "paperwork" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Paperwork'' is a ''WorkingEvent'', paid or unpaid, that involves handling documents with text or images in some form, especially paper documents including opening an envelope (as one delivered in the mail). Whether paper or projected on some screen, ''Paperwork'' requires some amount of ''Reading'' as a subEvent, but merely reading something for information or pleasure and not doing something purposeful to the material - 'moving' it in a physical or abstract sense - is not an example..This type of 'moving' should be represented as a subEvent, but that type is itself not represented. @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paperwork' in WordNet: 1. (1) paperwork - (work that involves handling papers: forms or letters or reports etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingAnObject, :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractText :Document-Physical :AbstractDocument :DocumentType :DigitalInformationBearingObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reading ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :PapuaNewGuinea a :Country . :Par :wnsense "equality2n", "equivalence1n", "par2n" ; :wordnet "equality", "equivalence", "par" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Par'' is a ''RelativeState'' in which the subject of the state has a value of some (specified) attribute that is normal or average for some comparison group (which could be a single object or Person) , or expected or (for golf) some standard which agents attempt to reach. The 'par value' for bonds or other equities would be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'par' in WordNet: 2. (1) equality, equivalence, equation, par - (a state of being essentially equal or equivalent; equally balanced; 'on a par with the best') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeState . :Parachute :guid "bf0c9df6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chute1n", "parachute1n" ; :wordnet "chute", "parachute" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of parachutes. I.e., those large, roundish sheets of fabric which are attached by cords to a harness worn on the back by persons jumping from airplanes or helicopters. Parachutes can also be used for transporting inanimate objects from the air to the ground. NOTE: the ''Ripcord'' relation may rule out the 'parachiutes' used in parasailing.?? Air-to ground transport of emergency supplies or weapons as large as jeep vehicles can be accomplished by dropping them with a parachute, though some may be lost or damaged in the process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parachute' in WordNet: 1. (2) parachute, chute - (rescue equipment consisting of a device that fills with air and retards your fall) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirTransportationDevice, :FabricObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ripcord ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Parachuting :wnsense "chute1v", "jump10v", "parachute1v" ; :wordnet "chute", "jump", "parachute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''BailingOutOfAnAirplane'' is the act of jumping out of an Airplane while it is in the air and using a parachute to land on the ground safely. This can be used for escaping an airplane that has lost ability to fly, or for sport, or in a military operation. NOTE: this includes parachuting from stationary objects such as a tall building or a cliff, and includes 'parasailing' (not yet represented). . Includes but is broader than (not just from airplanes) verb sense 1 of 'parachute' in WordNet: 1. chute, parachute, jump - (jump from an airplane and descend with a parachute) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JumpingDown, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeployingaParachute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Plummeting ] . :ParadeEvent :wnsense "parade1n" ; :wordnet "parade" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ParadeEvent'' is a ''SocialGathering'' in which two or more participants walk or ride over some land route in anticipation of being seen by spectators. The size, purpose, and location of a ''Parade'' can be from very small to very large. This type includes parades having only vehicles moving (as in a parade of classic cars); the WordNet definition seems to be restricted to events where people march. For a procession in the air or over water, use ''Procession''. The participants may or may not perform certain actions during a parade, such as carrying banners, playing music, twirling batons, waving to the crowds . or they may simply march. A 'marching band' will typically march as participants in a ''Parade''. An alternative representation might use a Group specifying the actions and the living participants doing the parading. The parent ''ProcessionEvent'' specifies the active participants as a Group called a ''Procession''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parade' in Wordnet: 1. (3) parade - (a ceremonial procession including people marching) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessionEvent, :TraversingaRoute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :RouteOverGround ] . :ParadeRoute a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ParadeRoute''is a ''RouteOverGround'' traversed by a ''ParadeEvent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RouteOverGround, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParadeEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :Paradox :wnsense "paradox1n" ; :wordnet "paradox" ; a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Paradox'' is an ''Assertion'' that is a ''Contradiction''. This is usually in normal linguistic form, and contains more than one Assertion, but could be a Group of ''LogicallyContradictory'' statements in logical form.. The term 'paradox' is commonly used for linguistic statements that contain two contradictory statements. Similar to the WN example, a well-kwon example is the 'liar statement': 'This statement is false.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paradox' in WordNet: 1. (3) paradox - ((logic) a statement that contradicts itself; \" 'I always lie' is a paradox because if it is true it must be false \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, :Contradiction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LogicallyContradictory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Paradoxical :wnsense "paradoxical1adj", "self-contradictory1adj" ; :wordnet "paradoxical", "self-contradictory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Paradoxical'' is a term used commonly for things that *seem* to be contradictory, but are both in fact true, as well as thins that are truly contradictory and cannot both be true.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paradoxical' in Wordnet: 1. (2) paradoxical, self-contradictory - (seemingly contradictory but nonetheless possibly true; 'it is paradoxical that standing is more tiring than walking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Paradoxically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Paradoxical ; :wnsense "paradoxically1adv" ; :wordnet "paradoxically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paradoxically' in Wordnet: 1. (5) paradoxically - (in a paradoxical manner; 'paradoxically, ice ages seem to occur when the sun gets hotter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Paragraph :wnsense "paragraph1n" ; :wordnet "paragraph" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Paragraph'' is usually identified as part of a written text, where it has a specific format, with indentation at the start and a line break at the end. It may be referenced (metaphorically?) to Speaking, where one can say approvnigly of a speaker that 'she speaks in complete sentences and paragaphs'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paragraph' in WordNet: 1. (5) paragraph - (one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sentence ] . :Paraguay :wnsense "Paraguay1n" ; :wordnet "Paraguay" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Paraguay' in WordNet: 1. Paraguay, Republic of Paraguay - (a landlocked republic in south central South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1811) """ . :Parakeet :wnsense "parakeet1n", "paraquet1n", "paroquet1n", "parrakeet1n", "parroket1n", "parroquet1n" ; :wordnet "parakeet", "paraquet", "paroquet", "parrakeet", "parroket", "parroquet" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parakeet' in WordNet: 1. (1) parakeet, parrakeet, parroket, paraquet, paroquet, parroquet - (any of numerous small slender long-tailed parrots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parrot . :Parallelepiped :guid "cc57c05a-5416-41d7-83d6-ad2236956497" ; :wnsense "parallelepiped1n", "parallelopiped1n" ; :wordnet "parallelepiped", "parallelopiped" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Polyhedron. Each instance of #$Parallelepiped is a three-dimensional object each of whose six faces is a #$Parallelogram. Examples include spatially-localized as well as abstract parallelipipeds. An important specialization of this collection is #$RectangularParallelepiped. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'parallelepiped' in WordNet: 1. parallelepiped, parallelopiped, parallelepipedon, parallelopipedon - (a prism whose bases are parallelograms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polyhedron, :Prism . :Parallelogram :guid "bdaeb433-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "parallelogram1n" ; :wordnet "parallelogram" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Quadrilateral (q.v.). This is the collection of all four-sided polygons such that each side is parallel to the opposite side. Specializations of of #$Parallelogram include #$Rectangle and #$Rhombus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parallelogram' in Wordnet: 1. parallelogram - (a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are both parallel and equal in length) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quadrilateral . :Paralysis :CYC "Paralysis-Generic" ; :guid "bdcd4db3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "palsy1n", "paralysis1n" ; :wordnet "palsy", "paralysis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Paralysis'' is a ''BodyPartDysfunction'' that hinders or prevents the voluntary movement of some BodyPart. CYC 'Paralysis-Generic': The collection of conditions in which one loses the ability to move, have motor control over, and/or have sensation in some part of the body. Typically one should introduce or use a specialization of this collection to specify the extent of the paralysis, i.e., the body parts affected. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paralysis' in WordNet: 1. paralysis, palsy - (loss of the ability to move a body part) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPartDysfunction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :VoluntaryBodyMovement ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Paralyzing :wnsense "paralyse2v", "paralyze2v" ; :wordnet "paralyse", "paralyze" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Paralyzing'' is a type of ''Inactivating'' applying to an ''Organism'' in which one of more of the ''Organism'''s functions (mostly applied to the ability to move, especally one or more limbs) becomes so weak as to be unable to perform with normal effect. The 'direct object' in the restriction should be made This is a subtype of ''Immobilizing'' but should be broader to represent functions other than mobility, such as functions of internal organs. @ToDo. The attribute ''Immobile'' when applied to organ functions would have to be interpeted as being unable to perform its normal function. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'paralyze' in WordNet: 2. (1) paralyze, paralyse - (cause to be paralyzed and immobile; 'The poison paralyzed him'; 'Fear paralyzed her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immobilizing, :Inactivating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inactive ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganicObject ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :ParalyzingAnOperation :wnsense "paralyse2v", "paralyze2v" ; :wordnet "paralyse", "paralyze" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun verb 1 of 'paralyze' in WordNet: 1. (1) paralyze, paralyse - (make powerless and unable to function; 'The bureaucracy paralyzes the entire operation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inactivating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inactive ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :GroupOfPeople :Event-Organized :ActionType ) ] ] . :Paramedic :wnsense "paramedic1n", "paramedical1n" ; :wordnet "paramedic", "paramedical" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Paramedic'' may be a professional but may also be a volunteer, as in an 'emergency squad' or 'first aid squad'. RHW 'paramedic': a person who is trained to assist a physician or to give first aid or other health care in the absence of a physician, often as part of a police, rescue, or firefighting squad. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paramedic' in WordNet: 1. paramedic, paramedical - (a person trained to assist medical professionals and to give emergency medical treatment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmergencyWorker, :FirstResponder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmergencyMedicalTreatment ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Parameter :wnsense "parameter1n", "parametric quantity1n" ; :wordnet "parameter", "parametric quantity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specific to mathematical caluations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parameter' in WordNet: 1. (5) parameter, parametric quantity - (a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to yield a family of similar curves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantMathematicalQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Equation ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :ParamilitaryOrganization :en "paramilitary organization" ; :guid "c04430c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "paramilitary force1n", "paramilitary organisation1n", "paramilitary unit1n", "paramilitary1n" ; :wordnet "paramilitary", "paramilitary force", "paramilitary organisation", "paramilitary unit" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MilitaryOrganization. Each instance of #$ParamilitaryOrganization is an organization formed according to a military structure, but not as a part of any mainstream military force. Instances of #$ParamilitaryOrganization sometimes operate as auxiliaries to or in place of mainstream military forces (e.g., as border patrols or police units), but generally they operate independently of any government or national allegiance, often with loyalty to some political program or party. An example instance of #$ParamilitaryOrganization is the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the Protestant militant group operating in Northern Ireland. SUMO: An Organization which is much like a MilitaryOrganization, e.g. it is made up of armed fighters, except that it is not associated with a Government. WN adjective 'paramilitary': 1. paramilitary - (of or relating to a group of civilians organized to function like (or in aid of) a military unit) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paramilitary' in Wordnet: 1. paramilitary, paramilitary force, paramilitary unit, paramilitary organization, paramilitary organisation - (a group of civilians organized in a military fashion (especially to operate in place of or to assist regular army troops)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryOrganization . :Paramount :wnsense "overriding1adj", "paramount1adj", "predominant2adj", "predominate1adj", "preponderant1adj", "preponderating1adj" ; :wordnet "overriding", "paramount", "predominant", "predominate", "preponderant", "preponderating" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paramount' in Wordnet: 1. (3) overriding, paramount, predominant, predominate, preponderant, preponderating - (having superior power and influence; \"the predominant mood among policy-makers is optimism\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Significant . :Paranoia :wnsense "paranoia1n" ; :wordnet "paranoia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paranoia' in WordNet: 1. paranoia - (a psychological disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Psychosis . :Paranoid :isAnAttributeValueOf :ParanoidPerson ; :wnsense "paranoid1adj" ; :wordnet "paranoid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paranoid' in WordNet: 1. (2) paranoid - (suffering from paranoia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Psychotic . :ParanoidPerson :wnsense "paranoiac1n", "paranoid1n" ; :wordnet "paranoiac", "paranoid" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ParanoidPerson'' is a ''PsychoticPerson'' who is ''Paranoid''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paranoid' in WordNet: 1. paranoid, paranoiac - (a person afflicted with paranoia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychoticPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paranoia ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Paranoia ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paranoid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ParanormalEvent :en "paranormal event" ; :enn "paranormal event" ; :guid "be868779-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events that cannot be explained by scientific means. NOTE: this differs from parent ''SupernaturalPhenomenon'' only in that it is usually used for Actions of people who claim to have 'paranormal' powers. For acts of God, ''Miracle'' can be used, and for other phenomena that clearly violate established laws of physics, the parent ''SupernaturalPhenomenon'' should be used. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupernaturalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mystical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Paraphilia :wnsense "paraphilia1n" ; :wordnet "paraphilia" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paraphilia' in WordNet: 1. paraphilia - (abnormal sexual activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualPerversion . :Paraplegia :guid "bfc777be-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "paraplegia1n" ; :wordnet "paraplegia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Paraplegia'' is a ''Paralysis'' of the part of the body below the waist.. CYC: The collection of instances of the condition in which the lower half of one's body is paralyzed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paraplegia' in WordNet: 1. paraplegia - (paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paralysis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LowerBody ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :Paraplegic :guid "ff6b5d3e-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Paraplegia ; :pertainsTo :Paraplegia ; :wnsense "paraplegic1adj" ; :wordnet "paraplegic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: the attribute of being paralyzed in the lower half of one's body. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paraplegic' in Wordnet: 1. paraplegic - (suffering complete paralysis of the lower half of the body usually resulting from damage to the spinal cord) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sick . :Parasite :CYC "ParasiticOrganism" ; :guid "bdd5bfb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "parasite1n" ; :wordnet "parasite" ; a :OrganismType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'ParasiticOrganism': The collection of plants and animals which are considered parasites. Parasites gain benefit from their host organisms usually at the expense of the host. Certain vines may be parasitic to trees. Fleas, ticks, and lice are common animal parasites. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parasite' in WordNet: 1. (4) parasite - (an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant); it obtains nourishment from the host without benefiting or killing the host) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DependentLifeForm, :Heterotroph, :Organism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Harmful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HostForParasite ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HostForParasite ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :Parasol :guid "bd5885c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "parasol1n" ; :wordnet "parasol" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A smaller than average umbrella.. RHW: a lightweight umbrella used, esp. by women, as a sunshade. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parasol' in WordNet: 1. parasol, sunshade - (a handheld collapsible source of shade) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Umbrella . :Parathion :canKill :Insect ; :guid "56a0c7ac-bed4-41d7-8e2d-c5f8e248e9a8" ; :wnsense "parathion1n" ; :wordnet "parathion" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """How toxic is 'toxic'? Can use distinctions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parathion' in WordNet: 1. parathion - (a colorless and odorless toxic oil used as an insecticide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insecticide, :Oil . :Paratrooper :wnsense "para3n", "paratrooper1n" ; :wordnet "para", "paratrooper" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paratrooper' in WordNet: 1. paratrooper, para - (a soldier in the paratroops) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soldier . :Parchment :guid "bd58a7fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lambskin2n", "parchment2n", "sheepskin2n" ; :wordnet "lambskin", "parchment", "sheepskin" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Thin animal hide used to write on Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'parchment' in WordNet: 2. parchment, sheepskin, lambskin - (skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSkin, :FreeSheet, :WritingSurfaceProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sheep ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Parent :ldoce "parent" ; :wnsense "parent1n" ; :wordnet "parent" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of a Person who is the parent of another person. This includes all kinds of 'child' - biological, genetic, foster,adopted, etc. Sense 1 of 'parent' in WordNet: 1. (35) parent - (a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasChild ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChildRole ] . :ParentOrGuardian a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ParentOrGuardian'' is an Agent who has legal responsibility to guard a ''MinorChild'' and has the *authority* to direct the child's acivities. This could be a ''Parent'' (natural or adopted) or a foster parent or a 'guardian ad litem' appointed by a court. NOTE: a ''Parent whose children have all reached legal age would be an instance of this type by virtue of parenthood, though they may guard children not their own. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Guardian, :Provider, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingaChild ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaisingChildren ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Parent :ChildGuardian ) ] . :Parental :pertainsTo :Parent ; :wnsense "maternal3adj", "parental2adj", "paternal3adj" ; :wordnet "maternal", "parental", "paternal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Parental'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Parent'' or activities or responsility of Parents or some closely related or associated aspects. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'parental' in WordNet: 2. parental, maternal, paternal - (relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent; \"parental guidance\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Parenthesis :wnsense "parenthesis1n" ; :wordnet "parenthesis" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Parenthesis' (plural form) are used in pairs, left and right, to enclose a 'parenthetic' comment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parenthesis' in WordNet: 1. (1) parenthesis - (either of two punctuation marks (or) used to enclose textual material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark . :Paring :wnsense "paring1n" ; :wordnet "paring" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Paring'' is a small ''Fragment'' of a solid object, produced intentionally - whether to obain the ''Paring'' or to modify the main object from which it is removed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paring' in WordNet: 1. paring, sliver, shaving - (a thin fragment or slice (especially of wood) that has been shaved from something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fragment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :ParingKnife :wnsense "parer2n", "paring knife1n" ; :wordnet "parer", "paring knife" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paring knife' in WordNet: 1. parer, paring knife - (a small sharp knife used in paring fruits or vegetables) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knife, :ManufacturedGoods, :MedicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sharp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ParingSomething :en "trimming", "whittling" ; :wnsense "pare2v", "pare3v", "trim1v", "whittle1v" ; :wordnet "pare", "trim", "whittle" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ParingSomething'' is to cut off thin segments of the surface of an object. @ToDo: should have parent type 'ShavingaSurface' ?? Includes to verb senses 2 and 3 of 'pare' and sense 1 of 'trim' in WordNet: 2. whittle, pare - (cut small bits or pare shavings from; 'whittle a piece of wood') 3. skin, peel, pare - (strip the skin off; 'pare apples') WN verb 'trim': 1. (8) pare, trim - (remove the edges from and cut down to the desired size; 'pare one's fingernails'; 'trim the photograph'; 'trim lumber') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paring ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ParingaFruitOrVegetable :wnsense "pare3v" ; :wordnet "pare" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ParingaFruitOrVegetable''' is a ''ParingSomething'' where the 'something' is a ''PlantCovering'' (peel, rind, skin) and the thing it is removed from is a fruit or vegetable (such as a banana). This differs from ''PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable'' in that it requires a cutting device (e.g. a ''ParingKnife'' or potato peeler) , whereas ''PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable'' is performed by pulling, with the hand or other gripper. Corresponds to part (for cutting) of verb sense 3 of 'pare'in WordNet: 3. skin, peel, pare - (strip the skin off; 'pare apples') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ParingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :FruitOrVegetableObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlantCovering ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitParing ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peeler ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParingKnife ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :Parish :wnsense "parish1n" ; :wordnet "parish" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Parish'' is a ''Community'' (a ''GroupOfPeople'') that attend a local church, and have common interests with respect to that church. This is a broad inclusive type that includes any local denomination that has a local minister,who often resides in a ''Parsonage'' provided by the Parish. ??analogous Jewish group?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parish' in WordNet: 1. (3) parish - (a local church community) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Community, :ReligiousGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Church ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Local ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ; owl:someValuesFrom :Parishioner ] . :ParishChurch :en "parish church" ; :enn "parish church" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ParishChurch'' is the ''ChurchBuilding'' that is used by the members of a ''Parish'' (a Group of people) for communal worship. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChurchBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parochial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parish ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ] . :ParishDistrict :wnsense "parish2n" ; :wordnet "parish" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ParishDistrict'' is the ''EcclesiasticalDistrict'' typically having one church and being administered by some 'pastor' . See also ''ParishOrganization'' for the Organization controlling the church properties of a ''Parish''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'parish' in WordNet: 2. parish - (the local subdivision of a diocese committed to one pastor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcclesiasticalDistrict, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diocese ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parochial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ParishOrganization :wnsense "parish2n" ; :wordnet "parish" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ParishOrganization'' is the ''Organization'' typically having one church and being administered by some 'pastor' . See also ''ParishDistrict'' for the geographical ''District'' in which the ''Parishioner''s of the ''Parish''.usually live. ? ''hasEmployee'' Pastor? Is the Pastor an employee of the Parish Or of the larger Church organization? does the Parish own the ''ParishChurch''? or the larger church Organization? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'parish' in WordNet: 2. parish - (the local subdivision of a diocese committed to one pastor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diocese ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parochial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParishChurch ; owl:onProperty :owns ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pastor ; owl:onProperty :hasEmployee ] . :Parishioner :wnsense "parishioner1n" ; :wordnet "parishioner" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Parishioner'' is a ''ReligiousPerson'' who is a member of a specific Parish - oosibly only nimally and not necessarily a churchgoer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parishioner' in WordNet: 1. (1) parishioner - (a member of a parish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Parish ] . :Park :guid "c10c2820-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "park" ; :wnsense "park1n" ; :wordnet "park" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any park (open public space), small or large, municipal or national. It must be mostly land area. This includes any open space, whether or not it contains much vegetation - 'TownSquare' is a subtype. This is the Group of ''PhysicalObject''s in a spatial region that has some natural objects (plants or animals or geological features). NOTE that as an 'Area' this is a ''PhysicalObject'' which should have a specified mass, but as that is indeterminate for such object, the mass for the entire category of parks is specified as unknown (i.e. -1). Called 'Park-Generic' in Cyc: Cyc: Land set aside for outdoor recreational use, typically managed by a government. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'park' in WordNet: 1. (13) park, parkland - (a large area of land preserved in its natural state as public property; 'there are laws that protect the wildlife in this park') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorRecreationArea, :PublicProperty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :Parka :guid "bd589036-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anorak1n", "parka1n", "windbreaker1n", "windcheater1n" ; :wordnet "anorak", "parka", "windbreaker", "windcheater" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Short hip-length coats lined or padded , water-repellent with hoods. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parka' in WordNet: 1. parka, windbreaker, windcheater, anorak - (a kind of heavy jacket ('windcheater' is a British term)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Jacket, :WinterCoat . :Parking :en "parking" ; :wnsense "park2v" ; :wordnet "park" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Parking'' is the activity of putting a vehicle into some parking space (which need not be marked off as a parking space,one can park on any surface). This is a subtype of ''SteeringaRoadVehicle'';but with the advent of autonomous cars the 'agent' doing the parking could be a computer. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'park' in WordNet: 2. (3) park - (maneuver a vehicle into a parking space; 'Park the car in front of the library'; 'Can you park right here?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SteeringaRoadVehicle, :StoppingaVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParkingSpace ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :ParkingLot :guid "bd58f6b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "car park1n", "parking area1n", "parking lot1n" ; :wordnet "car park", "parking area", "parking lot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PathForWheeledVehicles, #$OpenArea, #$VehicleStorageConstruct, and #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject. Each instance of #$ParkingLot is a fairly large open area intended to be used for parking automobiles. This can be inside a structure, as a parking garage in a city building. SUMO: A LandArea which has been levelled, paved, and marked off for parking Automobiles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parking lot' in WordNet: 1. (6) parking lot, car park, park, parking area - (a lot where cars are parked) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ParkingSpace, :PathForWheeledVehicles, :VehicleStorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parking ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parking ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :ParkingMeter :wnsense "parking meter1n" ; :wordnet "parking meter" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ParkingMeter'' is a ''SlotMachine'' used to reserve time at a parking space for parking a car, which as a timer mechanism to show the remaining time reserved. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parking meter' in WordNet: 1. parking meter - (a coin-operated timer located next to a parking space; depositing money into it entitles you to park your car there for a specified length of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SlotMachine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parking ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParkingSpace ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :ParkingSpace :wnsense "parking space1n", "parking zone1n", "parking1n" ; :wordnet "parking", "parking space", "parking zone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Any space intended to be used for ''Parking'' of road vehicles, of an size. It only has to be accessible from a road and marked off in some way for Parking. This can be a space adjacent to the curb on the side of a street, or a space near a residence paved to allow cars to park, or the subtype ''ParkingLot'' which is for the use of multiple vehicles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parking space' in WordNet: 1. (1) parking space, parking zone - (a space where an automobile can be parked) WN noun 'parking': 1. (2) parking - (space in which vehicles can be parked; 'there is plenty of parking behind the store') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceOnTangibleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parking ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parking ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accessible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ] . :ParkingaRoadVehicle :ldoce "park" ; :wnsense "park2v" ; :wordnet "park" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ParkingaRoadVehicle' is the subtype of 'DrivingaRoadVehicle' in which the vehicle controlled is being 'parked' and comes to a rest in some parking spot. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'park' in WordNet: 2. (3) park - (maneuver a vehicle into a parking space; \"Park the car in front of the library\"; \"Can you park right here?\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrivingaRoadVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :RoadVehicle ] . :Parleying :wnsense "parley1n", "parley1v" ; :wordnet "parley" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Parleying'' is a specialization of ''Negotiating'' performed by two or more enemies, whether individual people or Groups. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'parley' in WordNet: 1. parley - (discuss, as between enemies) WN noun 'parley': 1. parley - (a negotiation between enemies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Negotiating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnemyGroup ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Parliament :ldoce "parliament" ; :wnsense "parliament1n" ; :wordnet "parliament" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The LegislativeOrganization that makes laws for a 'ParliamentaryGovernment'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parliament' in WordNet: 1. (2) parliament - (a legislative assembly in certain countries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegislativeOrganization . :Parliamentary :pertainsTo :Parliament, :ParliamentaryGovernment ; :wnsense "parliamentary1adj", "parliamentary2adj" ; :wordnet "parliamentary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'parliamentary' in Wordnet: 1. (2) parliamentary - (relating to or having the nature of a parliament; 'parliamentary reform'; 'a parliamentary body') 2. (1) parliamentary - (having the supreme legislative power resting with a body of cabinet ministers chosen from and responsible to the legislature or parliament; 'parliamentary government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ParliamentaryGovernment :guid "68af4f0e-6db8-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GeopoliticalEntityBySystemOfGovernment. Each instance of #$ParliamentaryGovernment is a country in which a parliament has significant power (see #$Parliament). Parliamentary governments are multi-party systems in which the executive is formally dependent on the legislature.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity . :Parochial :pertainsTo :Parish, :ParishChurch, :ParishDistrict, :Pastor ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Parochial'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''Parish'' or a ''ParishOrganization'' or the Actions performed by the ''Parishioner''s or the properties owned or managed by the ''ParishOrganization''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'parochial' in Wordnet: 1. (2) parochial - (relating to or supported by or located in a parish; 'parochial schools') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ParochialSchool :wnsense "church school1n", "parochial school1n" ; :wordnet "church school", "parochial school" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ParochialSchool'' is the ''School'' (organization) that manages the ''ParochialSchoolBuilding'' tht is used by the members of a ''Parish'' to educate the children of the ''Parish''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parochial school' in WordNet: 1. church school, parochial school - (a private religious school run by a church or parish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :School, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parochial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parish ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ] . :ParochialSchoolBuilding :en "parochial school building" ; :enn "parochial school building" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ParochialSchoolBuilding'' is the ''SchoolBuilding'' managed by a ''ParochialSchool'' (organization) and used by the members of a ''Parish'' to educate the children of the ''Parish''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parochial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParochialSchool ; owl:onProperty :isManagedBy ] . :Parody :wnsense "burlesque2n", "charade1n", "lampoon1n", "mockery2n", "parody1n", "pasquinade1n", "put-on1n", "sendup1n", "spoof1n", "takeoff3n", "travesty2n" ; :wordnet "burlesque", "charade", "lampoon", "mockery", "parody", "pasquinade", "put-on", "sendup", "spoof", "takeoff", "travesty" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parody' in WordNet: 1. (2) parody, lampoon, spoof, sendup, mockery, takeoff, burlesque, travesty, charade, pasquinade, put-on - (a composition that imitates somebody's style in a humorous way) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Caricature . :ParolingaPrisoner :eng "paroling" ; :wnsense "parole1v" ; :wordnet "parole" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ParolingaPrisoner'' is a ''ReleasingaPrisoner'' by some ''GovernmentalAuthority'' under certain conditions. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'parole' in WordNet: 1. parole - (release a criminal from detention and place him on parole; 'The prisoner was paroled after serving 10 years in prison') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReleasingaPrisoner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentalAuthority ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conditional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Parrot :wnsense "parrot1n" ; :wordnet "parrot" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parrot' in WordNet: 1. (1) parrot - (usually brightly colored zygodactyl tropical birds with short hooked beaks and the ability to mimic sounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :Parsley :isDerivedFrom :ParsleyPlant ; :wnsense "parsley2n" ; :wordnet "parsley" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Parsley'' is the chopped leaves from a ''ParsleyPlant''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'parsley' in WordNet: 2. parsley - (aromatic herb with flat or crinkly leaves that are cut finely and used to garnish food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbSeasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParsleyPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :ParsleyPlant :wnsense "Petroselinum crispum1n", "parsley1n" ; :wordnet "Petroselinum crispum", "parsley" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parsley' in WordNet: 1. parsley, Petroselinum crispum - (annual or perennial herb with aromatic leaves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :ParsnipPlant :wnsense "parsnip2n" ; :wordnet "parsnip" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Individual Parsnip plant. RHW: a plant, Pastinaca sativa, cultivated varieties of which have a large, whitish, edible root. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'parsnip' in WordNet: 2. parsnip, Pastinaca sativa - (a strong-scented plant cultivated for its edible root) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant, :Vegetable-Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Celery-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :ParsnipRoot :wnsense "parsnip3n" ; :wordnet "parsnip" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance that makes up the root of the ''ParsnipPlant'', used as a food. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'parsnip' in WordNet: 3. parsnip - (whitish edible root; eaten cooked) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParsnipPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Parsonage :wnsense "parsonage1n", "rectory1n", "vicarage1n" ; :wordnet "parsonage", "rectory", "vicarage" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Parsonage'' is a ''OfficialResidence'' provided by some parish or local congregation or ReligiousOrganiation for the use of some ''Cleric'', such as a parish priest, vicar or rector. This includes the residential building for local ''Cleric''s of any religious affiliation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'parsonage' in WordNet: 1. (1) parsonage, vicarage, rectory - (an official residence provided by a church for its parson or vicar or rector) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cleric ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Parish ] . :Part :ldoce "part", "piece", "share", "unit" ; :wnsense "component1n", "component2n", "part1n", "part4n", "part5n", "part7n", "piece1n", "piece3n", "portion3n", "portion4n", "share2n", "share3n", "unit2n" ; :wordnet "component", "part", "piece", "portion", "share", "unit" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the type Part is not solely a relation in COSMO, as it is in some ontologies, but a Role category. Of course, there are 'part' relations such as 'isaPhysicalPartOf', but the Type 'Part' serves a separate though related purpose. Artifacts that are created with the purpose of serving as part of a larger artifact will fit under this category, as will parts of organisms that evolved to serve a function in the organism. This is the most general sense of 'part' (also see 'hasPart' and its subproperties). This includes senses 1,2,4, 7 and 9 of 'part' and senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'component' and noun sense 2 of 'unit' in WordNet: 1. (733) part, portion, component part, component - (something determined in relation to something that includes it; 'he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself'; 'I read a portion of the manuscript'; 'the smaller component is hard to reach') 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') 5. (109) part, section, division - (one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole; 'the written part of the exam'; 'the finance section of the company'; 'the BBC's engineering division') 7. (67) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite') 9. (37) share, portion, part, percentage - (assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group; 'he wanted his share in cash') WN 'share' 2. (152) share, portion, part, percentage - (assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group; 'he wanted his share in cash') 3. (117) parcel, portion, share - (the allotment of some amount by dividing something; 'death gets more than its share of attention from theologians') WN 'component' 2. (10) part, portion, component part, component - (something determined in relation to something that includes it; 'he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself'; 'I read a portion of the manuscript'; 'the smaller component is hard to reach') WN noun 'unit': 2. (16) unit - (an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole; 'the reduced the number of units and installations'; 'the word is a basic linguistic unit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AtemporalRole . :Part-WholeRelation a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Part-WholeRelation'' is any of various relatios between a 'Whole' and it ''Part''s. See 'hasPart' and all of the subRelations under that in the ObjectProperty hierarchy. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :Part-time :isAnAttributeValueOf :Employee ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :JobSituation ; :wnsense "part-time1adj", "parttime1adj" ; :wordnet "part-time", "parttime" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Part-time'' is the attribute of a Person in a ''JobSituation'' when that Person works less than thirty hours per week, (or more or less depending on the legal definition for different legal purposes). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'part-time' in Wordnet: 1. (21) part-time, parttime - (involving less than the standard or customary time for an activity; 'part-time employees'; 'a part-time job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employed . :PartAsaRegion a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PartAsaRegion' is a 'PhysicalPartOfObject' that is not a discrete and separable unit, but has somewhat arbitrary boundary(s). In an organism, for example, a kidney will be a discrete part, but a Chest would be a PartAsaRegion. An 'end' or 'middle' of any object is usually a PartAsaRegion. A 'Weld' is a part of an object that was joined by welding, but the Weld itself may have fuzzy boundaries..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPartOfObject . :PartCardinalityValue a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PartCardinalityValue' is an AttributeValue that specifies the type and number of parts that a PhysicalObject or PhysicalObjectType has. This AttributeValue is used with the relation 'hasPartCardinality' to specify the number of parts of a particular type that an Object has. NOTE that the cardinality restriction is inherited from the parent 'CardinalityValue'. This type adds a restriction requiring the ObjectType to be specified. Each value is an instance of 'TwoArgumentValue', an AttributeValue that takes the place of two arguments in an inherently ternary relation. The two arguments are the part type, specified by 'hasObjectType' and the number of those parts, specified by 'hasQuantifier', inherited from the parent class 'CardinalityValue'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoArgumentValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectType ] . :PartOfAnHSC :guid "bd973c31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$PartOfAnHSC is a specialization of #$ConstructionArtifact and #$PhysicalPartOfObject. Each instance of #$PartOfAnHSC is a built-in part of some #$HumanShelterConstruction; that is, each instance is built with the intention of remaining a part of the construction. Notable specializations of #$PartOfAnHSC include #$FloorInAConstruction, #$PartOfBuilding, and #$WallOfAConstruction.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :PhysicalPartOfObject . :PartOfAnImage :en "image part", "part of an image" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PartOfAnImage'' is a part of a ''GenericImage'' i.e. some part of an abstract or physical images. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GenericImage ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :PartOfBuilding :guid "bd589e2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "area4n" ; :wordnet "area" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PartOfBuilding'' could include a whole Building as a subtype. CYC #$PartOfBuilding is a specialization of #$PartOfAnHSC. Each instance of #$PartOfBuilding is a part of a building that is 'built-in', that is, built with the intention of remaining as part of the building. Corresponds approximately to *part* (for indoor areas) of noun sense 4 of 'area' in WordNet: 4. (42) area - (a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function; \"the spacious cooking area provided plenty of room for servants\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfAnHSC, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Building :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :PartOfRoomInAConstruction :guid "bd58efed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PartOfBuilding. Each instance of #$PartOfRoomInAConstruction is a part of some room in a construction artifact (see the collection #$RoomInAConstruction). The collection #$PartOfRoomInAConstruction includes as instances both solid parts, such as instances of #$Mantel, as well as enclosed regions, such as those contained by cabinets and cupboards. Note that instances of #$PartOfRoomInAConstruction are required to be features which are 'built-in'; that is, built with the intention of remaining as part of the room. An example is a 'Cupboard'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Structure ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Structure ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PartOfaResidence :en "part of a residence" ; :enn "part of a residence" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PartOfaResidence'' is a proper part of a ''ResidentialBuilding''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ResidentialBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PartOfaShip :en "part of a ship" ; :enn "part of a ship" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PartOfaShip'' is a ''PartOfanArtifact'', a physical part of some ''Ship'' (a large water-going vessel). The part may have arbitrary or vague boundaries (e.g. a ''ShipsStern''). For parts of ''Device''s that are separately manufactured and assembled into a whole, use 'EngineeringComponent' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfanArtifact, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ship ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PartOfanArtifact :ldoce "part" ; :wnsense "part4n" ; :wordnet "part" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PartOfanArtifact' is a 'PhysicalObject' that is a physical part of some 'ArtifactObject'. The part may have arbitrary or vague boundaries (e.g. 'the neck', 'the back'). For parts of artifacts that are separately manufactured and assembled into a whole, use 'EngineeringComponent' Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'part' in WordNet: 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPartOfObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PartType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PartType'' is a metatype used as a way to label concepts that play the Role of a ''Part'' of something..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Partial :isTheOppositeOf :Impartial ; :wnsense "biased1adj", "colored3adj", "discriminatory1adj", "one-sided3adj", "partial2adj", "prejudiced2adj", "slanted2adj", "unfair1adj" ; :wordnet "biased", "colored", "discriminatory", "one-sided", "partial", "prejudiced", "slanted", "unfair" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Partial'' is a subtype of ''EmotionallyDisposed'' indicating a tendency in a Person to make judgments or perform actions motivated by ''Bias'' or partiality or partisanship. NOTE: the various related terms are difficult to differentiate logically, and are aggregated here until some clear distinctions can be recognized. One possible distinction is a 'prejudice' against certain classes of people. Which term is best to label that?? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'partial' and sense 1 of 'biased' in WordNet: 2. (1) partial, unfair - (showing favoritism) WN adj 'biased': 1. biased, colored, coloured, one-sided, slanted - (favoring one person or side over another; 'a biased account of the trial'; 'a decision that was partial to the defendant') WN adj 'prejudiced': 2. prejudiced, discriminatory - (being biased or having a belief or attitude formed beforehand; 'a prejudiced judge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionallyDisposed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Partiality ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :PartialRotation :guid "bdfc4b97-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any rotation which has a restricted starting and ending point. A partial rotation normally spans less than 360 degrees.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rotation . :PartialValuedRelation a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Relation is a PartialValuedRelation just in case it is not a TotalValuedRelation, i.e. just in case assigning values to every argument position except the last one does not necessarily mean that there is a value assignment for the last argument position. Note that, if a Relation is both a PartialValuedRelation and a SingleValuedRelation, then it is a partial function.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :Partiality :wnsense "partiality2n", "predisposition3n" ; :wordnet "partiality", "predisposition" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Partiality'' is an ''Attitude'' that predisposes or inclines a Person to favor some things (people, ''GroupOfpeople''s, ''Belief''s) over others . . This is an Attitude that contrasts with ''Impartiality''. The WN term 'partisanship' (favoring one Group over another) is broken out as a subtype of this type. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'partiality' and sense 3 of 'predisposition' in WordNet: 2. partiality, partisanship - (an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives) WN noun 'predisposition': 3. predisposition - (a disposition in advance to react in a particular way) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attitude, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Partial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Participant :wnsense "actor2n", "participant1n" ; :wordnet "actor", "participant" ; a :GrammaticalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Participant'' is any ''IntentionalAgent'' that is ''GenericParticipant'', i.e. that acts in some capacity in an Action. This represents the grammatical role of 'agent' in an action. It could be an actor or patient of an action, or an instrument used in an action or something affected by the action. This does not include the time (when?) or location(where?) of an Event, or the cause or reason(why?) for performing it, or the manner (how?) it was done (except for mentioning the instrument). Includes noun sense 1 and its subtype sense 2 of 'participant' and part of sense 2 of 'actor' in WordNet: 1. (1) participant - (someone who takes part in an activity) WN noun 'actor': 2. actor, doer, worker - (a person who acts and gets things done; 'he's a principal actor in this affair'; 'when you want something done get a doer'; 'he's a miracle worker') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericParticipant, :IntentionalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Participation ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Participating :wnsense "active4adj", "participating1adj" ; :wordnet "active", "participating" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'participating' in Wordnet: 1. active, participating - (taking part in an activity; 'an active member of the club'; 'he was politically active'; 'the participating organizations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Active . :Participation :en "participate in", "take part in" ; :wnsense "involvement1n", "participate1v", "participate2v", "participation1n", "take part1n", "take part1v" ; :wordnet "involvement", "participate", "participation", "take part" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An action in which a cognitive agent is a participant in some Event. This sense overlaps with the relation 'hasParticipant' but is more specific in representing the action itself of a 'IntentionalAgent' who is a participant in an Event. dbdbdb add 'participant' - actor NOTE: @ToDo Rev 1303: if a relation is needed specifically to refer to **voluntary participating agents, see ''participatedInAction'' which has been commented out. Needed?? Includes noun sense 1 of 'participation' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'participate' in Wordnet: 1. (13) engagement, participation, involvement, involution - (the act of sharing in the activities of a group; 'the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities') WN verb 'participate': 1. (28) participate, take part - (share in something) 2. (1) enter, participate - (become a participant; be involved in; 'enter a race'; 'enter an agreement'; 'enter a drug treatment program'; 'enter negotiations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Participant :IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] ] . :Participle :ldoce "participle" ; :wnsense "participle1n" ; :wordnet "participle" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of this category is a verb in a participle form, either present or past. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'participle' in WordNet: 1. participle, participial - (a non-finite form of the verb; in English it is used adjectivally and to form compound tenses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb . :Particle :guid "bd58f47e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "corpuscle1n", "mote1n", "particle1n", "speck2n" ; :wordnet "corpuscle", "mote", "particle", "speck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this Cyc category is reinterpreted as a solid object (not necessarily inanimate) that is smaller than a 'TinyObject', i.e. has a diameter and a maximum length less than 1 mm, but large enough to be considered as a 'Solid'. A particle of dust would be an example. The smallest would be about the size of a virus; molecules and subatomic particles (see ''SubatomicParticle'') are not in this category. A typical Grain of sand or Grain of sugar are too large to qualify. For objects down to atom size, us 'MicroscopicScaleObject'. RHW 'mote': 'a small particle or speck, esp. of dust.' Cyc: A specialization of both #$PartiallyTangible and #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$Particle is a smallish liquid or solid tangible thing, usually small enough to be blown about by ordinary gusts of wind, and possibly much smaller. Specializations of #$Particle include the collections #$CornMeal, #$SandParticle, #$Sawdust, #$DustParticle, and #$Sugar-Table. This is one of a series of categories for PhysicalObject of different size renages: For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particle' in Wordnet: 1. (87) atom, molecule, particle, corpuscle, mote, speck - ((nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TinyObject ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ] . :ParticleAccelerator :wnsense "accelerator4n", "atom smasher1n", "particle accelerator1n" ; :wordnet "accelerator", "atom smasher", "particle accelerator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particle accelerator' in WordNet: 1. accelerator, particle accelerator, atom smasher - (a scientific instrument that increases the kinetic energy of charged particles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScientificInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParticlePhysics ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NuclearPhysicist ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :ParticlePhysics :wnsense "high energy physics1n", "high-energy physics1n", "particle physics1n" ; :wordnet "high energy physics", "high-energy physics", "particle physics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ParticlePhysics'' is the science concerned with studying fundamental particles that make up the most basic parts of matter, such as subatomic particles. This includes theoretical and experimental branches. RHW: the branch of physics that deals with the properties and behavior of elementary particles. Cf. high-energy physics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particle physics' in WordNet: 1. particle physics, high-energy physics, high energy physics - (the branch of physics that studies subatomic particles and their interactions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Physics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SubAtomicParticle ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NuclearPhysicist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :ParticleWord a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An umbrella Class for any Word that does not fit into the other subclasses of Word. A ParticleWord is generally a small term that serves a grammatical or logical function, e.g. 'and', 'of', 'since', etc. At some point, this class might be broken up into the subclasses 'Connective', 'Preposition', etc. Note that the class ParticleWord includes both personal and possessive pronouns, e.g. 'she', 'hers', 'it', 'its', etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalStructure, :Word . :Particular :ldoce "particular", "special" ; :wnsense "particular1adj", "peculiar2adj", "special1adj", "specific1adj" ; :wordnet "particular", "peculiar", "special", "specific" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Particular' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing modified is different from similar things associated with most entities of a type similar to the one having that particular thing. It is opposed to 'general', 'nonspecific' or 'common' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'particular', sense 1 of 'special', and part of sense 1 of 'specific' (see also 'Specific') in WordNet: WN 'particular' 1. (24) particular, peculiar, special - (unique or specific to a person or thing or category; 'the particular demands of the job'; 'has a particular preference for Chinese art'; 'a peculiar bond of sympathy between them'; 'an expression peculiar to Canadians'; 'rights peculiar to the rich'; 'the special features of a computer'; 'my own special chair') WN 'specific' 1. (41) specific - ((sometimes followed by 'to') applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique; 'rules with specific application'; 'demands specific to the job'; 'a specific and detailed account of the accident') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Particularity :wnsense "particularity1n", "specialness2n" ; :wordnet "particularity", "specialness" ; a :ActionType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particularity' in WordNet: 1. particularity, specialness - (the quality of being particular and pertaining to a specific case or instance; \"the particularity of human situations\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Particular ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :ParticulateMatter :consistsOfManyOf :Particle ; :wnsense "particulate matter1n", "particulate1n" ; :wordnet "particulate", "particulate matter" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A finely divided solid substance consisting of ''Particles'' that are or can be suspended in or settle out of a gas (e.g. the atmosphere) or a liquid. They are small enough to take significant time to settle from the air; in this way, they can be distinguished from a ''Powder'' in that a ''Powder'' like ''Snow'' has larger particles and settles fairly quickly. The composition can be of any solid substance. The particulates generated by burning ''Coal'' are one example. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'particulate matter' in Wordnet: 1. particulate, particulate matter - (a small discrete mass of solid or liquid matter that remains individually dispersed in gas or liquid emissions (usually considered to be an atmospheric pollutant)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance . :Parting :en "going one's own way", "going separate ways", "parting" ; :wnsense "part1v", "part2v", "separate10v", "separate11v" ; :wordnet "part", "separate" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Parting'' is a metaphorical subtype of 'SeparationEvent' applying to persons or Organizations (including Nations),and including separation by physical distance as well as separation of a relation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'part' and verb senses 10 and 11 of 'separate' in WordNet: 1. (4) separate, part, split - (go one's own way; move apart; 'The friends separated after the party') 2. (1) separate, part, split up, split, break, break up - (discontinue an association or relation; go different ways; 'The business partners broke over a tax question'; 'The couple separated after 25 years of marriage'; 'My friend and I split up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :PartingCompany :en "parting company" ; :wnsense "farewell2n", "leave-taking1n", "leave3n", "parting1n" ; :wordnet "farewell", "leave", "leave-taking", "parting" ; a :AnimalMotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PartingCompany'' is a ''LeavingaPlace'' where two or more People have gathered, and also communicating one's intentions and expressing good wishes to the other(s) present. This is for polite leave-taking, not for an abrupt departure with no communicationor gesturing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leave-taking' in WordNet: 1. farewell, leave, leave-taking, parting - (the act of departing politely; 'he disliked long farewells'; 'he took his leave'; 'parting is such sweet sorrow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeavingaPlace, :WholeBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FarewellPhrase ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaFarewellGesture ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Partisan :wnsense "drumbeater1n", "partisan1n", "zealot2n" ; :wordnet "drumbeater", "partisan", "zealot" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Partisan'' is a ''Proponent'' of some cause or belief - someone who not only believes something, but is willing to express that belief publicly and defend it against contrary views.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'partisan' in WordNet: 1. partisan, zealot, drumbeater - (a fervent and even militant proponent of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proponent . :Partisanship :wnsense "partisanship1n" ; :wordnet "partisanship" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Partisanship'' s a ''Partiality'' that predisposes a Person to favor one ''GroupOfPeople'' over another. Corresponds to part (favoring groups of people) of noun sense 1 of 'partisanship' in WordNet: 1. partiality, partisanship - (an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Partiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tendency ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PartitionStructure :wnsense "partition1n" ; :wordnet "partition" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PartitionStructure'' is an Artifact that serves as a barrier between two ''SpatialRegion''s or the objects within some ''SpatialRegions'' . The partition between spaces in a Room is the subtype ''RoomPartition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'partition' in WordNet: 1. (2) partition, divider - (a vertical structure that divides or separates (as a wall divides one room from another)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarrierObject, :ConstructionArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pair ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PartitionedSpace :en "partition", "room partition" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PartitionedSpace'' is part of a ''Room'' that is separated from other parts, usually by one or more ''RoomPartition''s (wall-like barriers that may be low or may extend to the ceiling), thus providing a space where multiple activities can be performed that do not require the whole room. This is for the enclosed space, not for the barrier (''RoomPartition'') that separates out the space from the remainder of the room. No WN sense. RHW 'noun 'partition' 4. a part, division, or section. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :Platform, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Room ] . :PartitioningSomething :wnsense "partition off1v", "partition1v", "partition2v", "zone2v" ; :wordnet "partition", "partition off", "zone" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'partition' in WordNet: 1. partition, partition off - (divide into parts, pieces, or sections; 'The Arab peninsula was partitioned by the British') 2. partition, zone - (separate or apportion into sections; 'partition a room off') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DividingSomethingIntoParts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Place :LocationType ) ] ] . :Partly :en "in part" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Partial ; :wnsense "part1av", "partially1adv", "partly1adv" ; :wordnet "part", "partially", "partly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Partly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the adjective following does not fully apply to the thing the adjective modifies, but only in part - 'partly but not fully'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'partly' in WordNet: 1. (19) partially, partly, part - (in part; in some degree; not wholly; 'I felt partly to blame'; 'He was partially paralyzed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :PartlyBlack :en "partly black" ; :enadj "partly black" ; :hasPart :Black ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SolidObject, :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PartlyBlack'' is a subattribute of ''PartlyColored'' asserting that some part(s) of the surface being characterized is colored 'Black''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartlyColored . :PartlyColored :en "partly colored" ; :enadj "partly colored" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SolidObject, :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PartlyColored'' is the parent attribute of subattributes that specify specific colors that form part of the coloring of a surface. Each subattribute will specify a color that is the color of part of the ''SurfaceOnTangibleObject'' that is characterized. NOTE: this is disjoint from solid colors, so it is neither a parent type or a subtype of the color that is the color of the surface part being characterized. The relation to the solid tone that is the color of the part being characterized uses the relation 'hasPart' and its inverse 'isaPartOf' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :PartlyFilled :en "partly filled" ; :enadj "partly filled" ; :isTheOppositeOf :EmptyOfContents, :Full ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''PartlyFilled'' is for a container-like thing to contain some contensts but less than it is capable of holding. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PartlySoluble a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PartlySoluble is an attribute of PhysicalSubstances that means that the maximum equilibrium concentration of that substance in water will be between than 0.1 gram and 3 grams per 100 ml of water. This 'PartlySoluble' is specifically for water, and has the common-sense meaning that, if one had a small quantity of a pwdery substance and wanted to wash it away, rinsing with water will do the job, but not necessarily very quickly. The quantitative attribute 'ConcentrationMeasure' specifies the actual amount of solute in each volume of solution, and is related to a solution by the relation 'hasConcentration'. Solubility in other solvents is not yet (v0.43) represented. NOTE: in this qualitative classification, 'Soluble' means a solubility of at least 3 grams per 100 ml, and 'Insoluble' means that less than 0.1 gram will dissolve in 100 ml.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PartlyTrue :en "partly true" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposition ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PartlyTrue'' is a subtype of ''TrueInaContext'' for assetrtions that have (at least in some interpretation) an element of truth,but may be exaggerated or have unproven assumptions as a basis. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insincere . :PartlyWhite :en "partly white" ; :enadj "partly white" ; :hasPart :Black ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SolidObject, :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PartlyWhite'' is a subattribute of ''PartlyColored'' asserting that some part(s) of the surface being characterized is colored ''White'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartlyColored . :Partner :ldoce "partner" ; :wnsense "collaborator3n", "cooperator1n", "pardner1n", "partner2n" ; :wordnet "collaborator", "cooperator", "pardner", "partner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Partner' is a Person who participates together with another person in some enterprise. This is a broad sense, including informal 'partners' in casual efforts, as well as partners in serious enterprises, and DomesticPartners (which see). However, Partners must know each other and work in close collaboration. The sense of 'Partner' as a member of a legal Partnership is the separate sense 'BusinessPartner'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'partner' in WordNet: 2. (7) collaborator, cooperator, partner, pardner - (an associate who works with others toward a common goal; 'the musician and the librettist were collaborators') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acquaintance, :Associate, :ReciprocalRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingTogether ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Partnership :guid "bd58a949-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "partnership1n" ; :wordnet "partnership" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: An Organization with a small number of individual people as members, neither a sole proprietorship nor a corporation. In SUMO this was necessarily commercial, but in COSMO the more general partnership is included, for non-commercial purposes. Cyc: #$Partnership is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$Partnership is an organization that has been formally organized as a partnership pursuant to partnership agreements. In the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica, most instances of #$Partnership are organized pursuant to specific statutes. #$GeneralPartners of a #$Partnership are jointly and severally liable for the debts and other liabilities of the #$Partnership. The liability of #$LimitedPartners is limited in accordance with the governing partnership agreement. The #$PartnershipPartners of an instance of #$Partnership may be individuals or entities. For example, an instance of #$LimitedPartnership may have an instance of #$LegalCorporation as its #$GeneralPartner and individuals as its #$LimitedPartners. SUMO: A CommercialAgent that is owned by more than one person. The closest noun sense of 'partnership' in Wordnet is sense 1, but in WN that is 'the members' whereas in COSMO it is the ''Organization'' formed by the contract: in WordNet: 1. (5) partnership - (the members of a business venture created by contract) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialOrganization . :Party :guid "bd588af1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "party" ; :wnsense "party2n" ; :wordnet "party" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """More specific than ''OrganizedCelebration'' in that the purpose is mostly for people to gather, even though (as in a 'birthday party') there may be some anniversary or occasion to celebrate. CYC ('Party-Celebration'): A specialization of #$SocialGathering. Each instance of #$Party-Celebration is a social gathering whose main purpose is the entertainment, amusement, or pleasure of those gathered. Specializations of #$Party-Celebration include #$BirthdayParty, #$DinnerParty, and #$BabyShower. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'party' in WordNet: 2. (126) party - (an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment; he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizedCelebration, :SocialGathering . :PartyGame :guid "c1059710-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "party game1n" ; :wordnet "party game" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All instances of games designed for playing at parties or with large groups of people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'party game' in WordNet: 1. (1) party game - (a game to amuse guests at a party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Party ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :PartyGift :guid "bd8176c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$GiftTypeByOccasion. The collection of #$Gifts that are appropriate to bring to parties. In COSMO this is an Artifact, therefore it does not include animals by themselves, but it can include a potted plant or a flower arrangement.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Gift . :PartyInRole :FIBO "party in role" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PartyInRole' is a FIBO subtype of 'AgentInRole'. The difference is not clear; the principle for 'agent' is 'autonomous agent' and for 'party' is an 'independent party'. This is added to preserve nuances of meaning that mey be useful for FIBO applications. This is intended to align with the FIBO 'party in role': FIBO def: A party-in-role defines is a relative concept that ties an independent party to a specific role they are standing in, for example, an organization member, issuer, owner, partner in a partnership, shareholder, etc., and is effective as of some date. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentInRole . :PartyInaCourtCase :wnsense "party5n" ; :wordnet "party" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PartyInaCourtCase'' is the Role of a Person who participates as a litigant, witness, lawyer or other Role in a court case. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'party' in WordNet: 5. (31) party - (a person involved in legal proceedings; 'the party of the first part') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Participant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourtCase ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :PartyToAnAgreement :ldoce "party" ; :wnsense "party5n" ; :wordnet "party" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'PartyToAnAgreement' is one element of a Group of 'AgreeingAgents' that participated in creation of some Agreement. Use of this Role requires that the Group of agreeing agents as well as the 'Agreement' be specified. Closest WordNet synset is sense 4 of 'party', but this is broader, including agreements that are not legally enforceable: in WordNet: 5. (31) party - (a person involved in legal proceedings; 'the party of the first part') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AgreeingAgents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPartyToAgreement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Agreement ] . :Partygoer :wnsense "partygoer1n" ; :wordnet "partygoer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Partygoer'' is an 'Attendee' at some specific ''Party'' or who habitually goes to parties. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'partygoer' (not just in reference to one specifiv ''Party') in WordNet: 1. partygoer - (someone who is attending a party; 'the hall was crowded with an overflow of partygoers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attendee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Party ] . :Partygoing :en "partygoing" ; :eng "partying" ; :wnsense "party1v" ; :wordnet "party" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Partygoing'' is an ''AttendingaSocialEvent'' where the SocialEvent is a ''Party''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'party' in WordNet: 1. party - (have or participate in a party; 'The students were partying all night before the exam') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttendingaSocialEvent, :EngagingInAnActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Party ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Partygoer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Pascal :wnsense "pascal1n" ; :wordnet "pascal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI pressure measure. Symbol:Pa. It is the pressure of one Newton per square Meter. Pascal = N/m^2 = m^(-1)*kg*s^(-2). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pascal' in Wordnet: 1. pascal, Pa - (a unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Passage :wnsense "passage1n" ; :wordnet "passage" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Passage'' is a ''Section'' that is a minor ''Part'' of an ''AbstractText'' For the physical text that represents this, use ''Excerpt''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'passage' in WordNet: 2. (5) passage - (a section of text; particularly a section of medium length) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :ConceptualWork, :Section, :TextPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractText ] . :Passageway :ldoce "passage" ; :wnsense "passage3n", "passageway1n", "passageway2n" ; :wordnet "passage", "passageway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Passageway' is a PathArtifact that has space enough to allow people to pass from one space to another through some object that would otherwise present a barrier. An underground tunnel (for people, not vehicles) is a Passageway, and so is a Hallway in a building. This sense of 'Passageway' is an interior passage intended to allow people to pass, not vehicles. However, an opening in a barrier (e.g. a Door) is not a Passageway - a Passageway must have some length greater than the width of a wall or fence. For tunnels used by vehicles, use the subtype 'Tunnel'. Includes parts (the Artifacts) of noun sense 1 of 'passageway' and sense 3 of 'passage' in WordNet: WN noun 'passageway': 1. (2) passageway - (a passage between rooms or between buildings) 2. (1) passage, passageway - (a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass; 'the nasal passages') WN noun 'passage: (if the 'something' is not a road vehicle): 3. (4) passage - (a way through or along which someone or something may pass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Locomotion-SolidSurface ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Passenger :ldoce "passenger" ; :wnsense "passenger1n", "rider4n" ; :wordnet "passenger", "rider" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Passenger is a Person that is transported in some 'RidingInaVehicle' event - but was not the operator of the vehicle. @ToDo: the exception for operator is not represented yet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passenger' in WordNet: 1. (4) passenger, rider - (a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Traveler, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :RidingInaVehicle ] . :PassengerBoat :wnsense "passenger ship1n" ; :wordnet "passenger ship" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PassengerBoat is a vessel of any size larger than a rowboat designed primarily to carry passengers as a commercial activity, that is, designed to be operated by some commercial organization that provides the boat and the crew of the boat while transporting passengers. Small shuttles and ferries as well as large ocean liners are included in this category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passenger ship' in WordNet: 1. passenger ship - (a ship built to carry passengers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Passenger ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :PassengerCar :wnsense "carriage1n", "coach3n", "passenger car1n" ; :wordnet "carriage", "coach", "passenger car" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PassengerCar'' is a ''RailroadCar'' designed to transport passengers rather than freight. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passenger car' in WordNet: 1. passenger car, coach, carriage - (a railcar where passengers ride) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RailroadCar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassengerTrain ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Passenger ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :PassengerCarryingFrequency a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'PassengerCarryingFrequency' is a 'ServiceFrequency' for which the **Event** is a 'CarryingaPassengerEvent'. This inherits the required restrictions on 'hasFrequency' and 'hasEventType' to specify the Event and frequency that provide the meaning to this AttributeValue. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceFrequency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingAsAPassenger ; owl:onProperty :hasEventType ] . :PassengerLiner :en "passenger liner" ; :wnsense "cabin liner1n" ; :wordnet "cabin liner" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''OceanLiner''that has a large capacity for carrying passengers, even though it usually also carries some freight. A freighter that has some passenger accommodations is not an instance. CYC: >A PassengerLiner is a large ship designed primarily to carry passengers on the ocean or other large body of water. This category includes ocean-going cruise ships. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cabin liner' in WordNet: 1. cabin liner - (a liner with cabins for passengers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OceanLiner, :PassengerBoat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarryingPassengers ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Passenger ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Passenger ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :PassengerTrain :guid "732596ec-7f45-41d7-9e5a-f10ae40dd315" ; :wnsense "passenger train1n" ; :wordnet "passenger train" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all passenger trains. These are trains whose #$primaryFunction is to transport #$passengers, not freight. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passenger train' in WordNet: 1. passenger train - (a train that carries passengers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicTransportationDevice, :Train-TransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassengerCar ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Passenger ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :PassengerVan :wnsense "passenger van1n" ; :wordnet "passenger van" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PassengerVan'' is a ''Van'' that mostly used to carry people, but has sufficient space to carry some large orbjects inside, such as equipment for service people.. A smaller version is the subtype ''MiniVan''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passenger van' in WordNet: 1. passenger van - (a van that carries passengers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Van, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :PassengersCarriedPerYear a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'PassengersCarriedPerYear' is a 'PassengerCarryingFrequency' for which the **Event** is a 'CarryingaPassengerEvent' and the 'Frequency' pointed to by the required 'hasFrequency' relation is is an instance of 'FrequencyPerYear' (giving some number of Events per year). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PassengerCarryingFrequency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingAsAPassenger ; owl:onProperty :hasEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ; owl:someValuesFrom :FrequencyPerYear ] . :PasseriformBird :wnsense "passeriform bird1n", "passerine1n" ; :wordnet "passeriform bird", "passerine" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passeriform bird' in WordNet: 1. passerine, passeriform bird - (perching birds mostly small and living near the ground with feet having 4 toes arranged to allow for gripping the perch; most are songbirds; hatchlings are helpless) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :PassingAnExam :en "passing a test" ; :eng "passing a test" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PassingAnExam'' is a ''PassingaTest'' in which the 'test' is an ''Exam''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PassingaTest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :TestOfSkill ] . :PassingThroughAClosedDoor :guid "96f16c4c-75c0-41d7-9a4a-e9445518cf4e" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of actions in which a #$Person approaches a closed door, opens it, and passes through. This event-type excludes those cases where the door is opened either automatically, or by a doorman.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoingSomewhere, :HumanActivity, :PassingThroughPortal, :PurposefulAction, :SingleDoerAction . :PassingThroughOrBySomething :en "passing", "transiting" ; :ldoce "pass" ; :wnsense "go across1v", "go by2v", "go past1v", "go through3v", "overtake2v", "pass by1v", "pass1v", "pass2v", "pass7v", "transit1v", "travel by1v" ; :wordnet "go across", "go by", "go past", "go through", "overtake", "pass", "pass by", "transit", "travel by" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PassingThroughOrBySomething'' is a broad abstract notion of 'passing' that includes passing through something (e.g. a door or a region or a 'Border'') or over something (a bridge or region) or alongside something (a car on a highway) or in front of something (a planet passing a star). The common concept is that there is something that was passed, and the ''PhysicalObject'' passing for some interval was 'near' (at least from some point of view or perspective) to the object passed. The more specific subtypes give more detail about how thing was passed and the relative trajectories of the passing and passed objects. PassingThroughSomething - region, object PassingAlongsideSomething - object, location PassingInFrontOfSomething - object PassingOverSomething - object CrossingSomething This includes all of the subtypes in WordNet: 1. (33) pass, go through, go across - (go across or through; 'We passed the point where the police car had parked'; 'A terrible thought went through his mind') 2. (31) travel by, pass by, surpass, go past, go by, pass - (pass by; 'A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window'; 'He passed his professor in the hall'; 'One line of soldiers surpassed the other') 7. (8) pass, overtake, overhaul - (travel past; 'The sports car passed all the trucks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent, :Translation-LocationChange, :Translation-SingleTrajectory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingPassed ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :LocationType ) ] ] . :PassingThroughPortal :en "pass through a portal" ; :env "pass through a portal" ; :guid "bd58c298-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of movement events. In an instance of #$PassingThroughPortal, an object goes from one spatial region to another by passing through a #$Portal between the regions. Examples: a portion of food passing from the stomach to the small intestine; a person walking through a door from the outdoors into a house. NOTE: this can be going in or going out. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringOrExitingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Portal ; owl:onProperty :hasThingPassedThrough ] . :PassingThroughSomething a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PassingThroughSomething'' is an Event in which an Object passes **through** another object or region, meaning that at some point in the course of passing, the object doing the passing is within the 'convex hull' of the object passed through, or in the case of a portal, the object passing through is within the portal that is passed through. In either case, the passing and passed objects are very close or in overlapping regions no larger than the largest of the two objects involved. Expressed as 'passing through', or in the case of entering or exiting through a portal, 'going into' or going out of' the object with the portal. See subtype ''PassingThroughPortal'' and ''EnteringSomething''. ExitingAContainer Includes verb senses 2 and 7 and part of verb sense 1 of 'pass' and verb sense 1 of 'transit' in WordNet; the mental sense of 'passing through one's mind' is not included: in WordNet: 1. (33) pass, go through, go across - (go across or through; 'We passed the point where the police car had parked'; 'A terrible thought went through his mind') 2. (31) travel by, pass by, surpass, go past, go by, pass - (pass by; 'A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window'; 'He passed his professor in the hall'; 'One line of soldiers surpassed the other') 7. (8) pass, overtake, overhaul - (travel past; 'The sports car passed all the trucks') WN Wordnet verb sense 1 of 'transit': 1. transit, pass through, move through, pass across, pass over - (make a passage or journey from one place to another; 'The tourists moved through the town and bought up all the souvenirs;' 'Some travellers pass through the desert') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PassingThroughOrBySomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingPassedThrough ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType :ObjectType ) ] ] . :PassingaLaw :wnsense "enact1v", "legislate1v", "pass3v" ; :wordnet "enact", "legislate", "pass" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PassingaLaw'' is the final stage of ''Legislating'' in which a ''LegislativeBody'' gives final approval to some proposed ''Legislation''. NOTE: the process that is finished in ''PassingaLaw'' is represented by ''Legislating''. NOTE: WN does not distingguish between the series of steps in Legislating and the final stage. The Corresponds to part (for the final stage) of verb sense 1 of 'legislate' in WordNet: 1. (1) legislate, pass - (make laws, bills, etc. or bring into effect by legislation; 'They passed the amendment'; 'We cannot legislate how people's spend their free time') WN verb 'enact' (part, not for rulers) 1. (13) ordain, enact - (order by virtue of superior authority; decree; 'The King ordained the persecution and expulsion of the Jews'; 'the legislature enacted this law in 1985') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalProceeding, :MakingRulesCollectively, :PoliticalEvent, :RegulatingBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legislation ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Law ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegislativeOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :PassingaTest :en "passing a test" ; :eng "passing a test" ; :wnsense "make it3v", "pass14v" ; :wordnet "make it", "pass" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PassingaTest'' is a ''SatisfyingaRequirement'' in which the requirement is to demonstrate some level of knowledge or skill, as measured by some form of 'test'. There are several kinds of 'test' included as subtpes of this type. The one most familiar to ay student in school is an ''Exam''. Corresponds to noun sense 14 of 'pass' in WordNet: 14. (2) pass, make it - (go successfully through a test or a selection process; 'She passed the new Jersey Bar Exam and can practice law now') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SatisfyingaRequirement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :TestProcedure ] . :Passion :guid "bd58b077-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "passion1n", "passion5n" ; :wordnet "passion" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Intense longing for somebody or something regarded as essential to one's well-being or happiness. This is a generic feeling of passion - more specific ones (e.g. sexual) would be included subtypes. Includes noun senses 1 and 5 of 'passion' in Wordnet: 1. (4) passion, passionateness - (strong feeling or emotion) 5. (1) passion - (a feeling of strong sexual desire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :Passionate :disposesToAction :HardWork ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Passion ; :wnsense "passionate1adj" ; :wordnet "passionate" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Passionate'' is a subtype of ''Emotional'' characterizing People who have a strong attraction (love, liking, enjoyment) for some ''HumanActivity'' or some goal that they consider desirable. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'passionate' in Wordnet: 1. (7) passionate - (having or expressing strong emotions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Emotional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardWork ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Passionately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Eager ; :wnsense "passionately1adv" ; :wordnet "passionately" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Passionately'' is an AdverbialModifier that is the adverbial form of ''Passionate'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'passionately' in Wordnet: 1. (2) passionately - (with passion; 'she kissed him passionately') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Passive :disposesToAction :Inaction ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "inactive6adj", "passive1adj" ; :wordnet "inactive", "passive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Passive'' is an attribute in contrast to ''Active'', an attribute that predisposes to ''Inaction'' rather than ''Action''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'passive' in Wordnet: 1. (5) passive, inactive - (lacking in energy or will; 'Much benevolence of the passive order may be traced to a disinclination to inflict pain upon oneself'- George Meredith) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inaction ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Passover :CYC "PassoverHoliday" ; :guid "c0520ae9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Feast of the Unleavened Bread1n", "Passover1n", "Pesach1n", "Pesah1n" ; :wordnet "Feast of the Unleavened Bread", "Passover", "Pesach", "Pesah" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'PassoverHoliday': An instance of #$AnnualHolidayType and a specialization of #$JewishHoliday. Each instance of #$PassoverHoliday is an eight-day event beginning at #$Sunset on the fourteenth day of an instance of #$Nissan-JewishMonth. #$PassoverHoliday commemorates the exodus of #$JewishPersons from #$Egypt during the reign of Pharoah Ramses II. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Passover' in WordNet: 1. Passover, Pesach, Pesah, Feast of the Unleavened Bread - ((Judaism) a Jewish festival (traditionally 8 days from Nissan 15) celebrating the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JewishHoliday, :MoveableHoliday . :Passport :guid "c10afd58-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "passport2n" ; :wordnet "passport" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The PhysicalDocument which is a Passport, issued by a government to an individual person. Cyc: A specialization of #$LegalDocument and #$IDDocument. Each instance of #$Passport is a document issued to a person by the government of a country of which s/he is a citizen, in order to identify that person as a citizen of that country while s/he is travelling outside of its borders. It can also be used for ID purposes back home. #$Passports typically expire after a set period of time and require renewal. Countries generally allow only one valid passport per citizen. SUMO: A License which identifies the holder and permits travel between different countries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'passport' in Wordnet: 2. passport - (a document issued by a country to a citizen allowing that person to travel abroad and re-enter the home country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NationalIDDocument . :Password :wnsense "countersign1n", "parole2n", "password1n", "watchword2n", "word6n" ; :wordnet "countersign", "parole", "password", "watchword", "word" ; a :ObjectType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Password'' includes those use orally as well as those typed into a computer, kept secret for use of one individual Person, or in some cases shared by a small group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'password' in WordNet: 1. password, watchword, word, parole, countersign - (a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group; \"he forgot the password\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PositiveIdentification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IdentifyingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Past :ldoce "past" ; :wnsense "past1adj" ; :wordnet "past" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Past' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing modified existed before 'Now' but no longer exists. 'the past glories of Rome'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'past' in WordNet: 1. (29) past - (earlier than the present time; no longer current; 'time past'; 'his youth is past'; 'this past Thursday'; 'the past year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PastEvent :en "past event" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PastEvent'' is an ''Event'' that occurred in 'ThePast' relative to some TimePoint that is considered 'the presnt' in some PossibleWorld. This can be referenced in a narrative about the 'RealWOrld' or in any fictional context. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThePast ; owl:onProperty :occurredInTimeInterval ] . :PastParticiple :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Event ; :wnsense "past participle1n", "perfect participle1n" ; :wordnet "past participle", "perfect participle" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A representation of an adjective in the 'past participle' form of a verb, each of which implies that the thing modified has been affected by an ''Event'' (usually ''Action''s) labeled by the present tense of the verb. These AttributeValues are related by ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' to the COSMO EventType representing the Event that caused the Thing to have that Attribute. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'past participle' in WordNet: 1. past participle, perfect participle - (a participle that expresses completed action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PastParticipleType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Subtypes of ''PastParticipleType'' are ''QualitativeAttributeType''s whose instances are attributes that are conceptually the past participle of a verb, specifying that the thing modified has been the (grammatical) object of some event. Example instances are ''Abandoned'' or ''Discarded''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :PastTimeInterval :wnsense "before1adv", "earlier1adv" ; :wordnet "before", "earlier" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PastTimeInterval'' is a TimeInterval that occured prior to some TimePointOfReference, on the universal time line. This is for some specific past time interval; the sense of 'past' meaning *all* past time is represented as ''ThePast'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'before' in WordNet: 1. (68) earlier, before - (earlier in time; previously; 'I had known her before'; 'as I said before'; 'he called me the day before but your call had come even earlier'; 'her parents had died four years earlier'; 'I mentioned that problem earlier') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimePointOfReference ; owl:onProperty :occurredEarlierThan ] . :Pasta :wnsense "pasta2n" ; :wordnet "pasta" ; a :RoleType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Food similar to Italian-origin 'pasta', dough formed in some specific solid shape. This includes both the dry and moist forms. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pasta' in WordNet: 2. pasta, alimentary paste - (shaped and dried dough made from flour and water and sometimes egg) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealFood, :SolidFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dough ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ] . :Paste :guid "c1005a3d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasColor :Opaque ; :wnsense "paste1n", "paste2n" ; :wordnet "paste" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Paste is the collection of pastes. Pastes are opaque, semi-solid, sticky, tangible stuff. Unlike some semi-solid stuff (like sand), pastes cannot be poured. Pastes are thicker than creams and are the same thickness as gels. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'paste' in Wordnet: 1. (6) paste - (any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency) 2. paste, library paste - (an adhesive made from water and flour or starch; used on paper and paperboard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture, :SemiSolidSubstance, :StickyStuff . :Paste-Up :wnsense "paste-up1n" ; :wordnet "paste-up" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paste-up' in WordNet: 1. paste-up - (a composition of flat objects pasted on a board or other backing; 'they showed him a paste-up of the book jacket') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComposedObject, :SolidObject . :PastelColor :wnsense "pastel1n" ; :wordnet "pastel" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pastel' in WordNet: 1. (1) pastel - (any of various pale or light colors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChromaticColor . :PastelColored :wnsense "pastel2adj" ; :wordnet "pastel" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PastelColored' modifies a Color to produce a modified COlor. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'pastel' in Wordnet: 2. (1) pastel - (delicate and pale in color; 'pastel pink') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :Pasteurization :en "pasteurization" ; :enn "pasteurization" ; :guid "be00cc5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pasteurise1v", "pasteurize1v" ; :wordnet "pasteurise", "pasteurize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The heating of a milk product in order to kill off microorganisms that might make it spoil. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pasteurize' in WordNet: 1. pasteurize, pasteurise - (heat food in order to kill harmful microorganisms; 'pasteurize milk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingFood, :Killing, :PreservingFood, :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Microorganism ; owl:onProperty :hadOrganismKilled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Milk ; owl:onProperty :heats ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpoilingOfFood ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Pasteurized :isAnAttributeValueOf :Milk ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Pasteurization ; :wnsense "pasteurised1adj", "pasteurized1adj" ; :wordnet "pasteurised", "pasteurized" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Used mostly of''Milk'' and milk products. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pasteurized' in Wordnet: 1. pasteurized, pasteurised - (having been subjected to pasteurization in order to halt fermentation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Pastime :wnsense "interest5n", "pastime1n", "pursuit4n" ; :wordnet "interest", "pastime", "pursuit" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Activity that a Person pursues for enjoyment occasionally. For mre dedicated recreational pursit that is not a sports activity, use subtype ''Hobby''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pastime' in WordNet: 1. (1) pastime, interest, pursuit - (a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly); 'sailing is her favorite pastime'; 'his main pastime is gambling'; 'he counts reading among his interests'; 'they criticized the boy for his limited pursuits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecreationalActivity . :Pastor :en "pastor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pastor'' is a ''Minister'' who is chief administrator of a ''Parish''. A 'parson' may sometimes have the same function, but sometimes not. Corresponds to RHW sense 1 of 'pastor': 1. a minister or priest in charge of a church. No exactly corresponding WN sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Administrator, :Minister . :Pastoral :pertainsTo :Pastor ; :wnsense "pastoral1adj" ; :wordnet "pastoral" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pastoral' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pastoral - (of or relating to a pastor; 'pastoral work'; 'a pastoral letter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Pastry :guid "c1290726-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pastry" ; :wnsense "pastry2n" ; :wordnet "pastry" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The baked food substance of which PastryItems are made - Called 'Pastry-Stuff' in Cyc. Cyc: Any number of foods or food parts made of baked flour in combination with sugar and butter. Pastry is breadlike but differs from bread in its fat content and in that it usually doesn't contain yeast. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pastry' in WordNet; the distinction between substance and object is not made in WordNet - this sense is used for both: in WordNet: 2. pastry - (any of various baked foods made of dough or batter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFood, :CerealFood . :PastryItem :ldoce "pastry" ; :wnsense "pastry2n" ; :wordnet "pastry" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any FoodObject (a PhysicalObject, not a Substance) that consists of 'Pastry'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pastry' in WordNet; the distinction between substance and object is not made in WordNet - this sense is used for both: in WordNet: 2. pastry - (any of various baked foods made of dough or batter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pastry ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Pasture :guid "c10af9dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grazing land1n", "lea2n", "ley1n", "pasture1n", "pastureland1n" ; :wordnet "grazing land", "lea", "ley", "pasture", "pastureland" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pasture''is a ''Grassland'' where some 'grasses' grow naturally, used to provide food for grazing animals. CYC: a field where animals are allowed to graze. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pasture' in WordNet: 1. (4) pasture, pastureland, grazing land, lea, ley - (a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grassland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grazing ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :PatAndCOSMOBank :hasComponentElement :GenericCosmoBank, :PatrickCassidy ; a :AgentGroup . :PatAndDianeCassidy :hasMassInGrams "140000"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :PatAndDianeLivingTogetherInPlainfield :hadObjectPerceived :DianeCassidy, :PatrickCassidy ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :Companionship ; :hasSubEvent :PatAndDianeTouchingEachOther1986 ; :usesSenseOrOrgan :Eye ; :wasPerformedByAgent :DianeCassidy, :PatrickCassidy ; a :Experience . :PatAndDianeTouchingEachOther1986 :hadActionPerformed :PatAndDianeTouchingEachOther1986 ; :hadObjectPerceived :DianeCassidy, :PatrickCassidy ; :hadObjectTouched :DianeCassidy, :PatrickCassidy ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :Companionship ; :hasSubEvent :DianeMovingHerHand1986, :PatAndDianeTouchingEachOther1986 ; :isPerformedBy :PatAndDianeCassidy, :PatrickCassidy ; :usesSenseOrOrgan :TouchAbility ; :wasPerformedByAgent :DianeCassidy, :PatrickCassidy ; a :DoingThingsTogether, :Experience, :Touching . :PatAndHisJacket :hasFirstElement :PatrickCassidy ; :hasSecondElement :Jacket ; a :OrderedPair, :PhysicalObject . :PatCanWriteChecks :hasDesiredSituation :PatHasAnAccount ; :hasSubjectOfState :PatrickCassidy ; :hasTemporalLocation :AfterDTEG10171122 ; :isDirectedToward :BankingConvenience ; :refersToFutureSituation :PatCanWriteChecks ; :wasExperiencedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :Action, :Desire, :FutureSituation . :PatCassidyPhoto a :PixelImage . :PatCatchingCOVID19 :existsInContext :FictionalContext ; :hadChangedEntity :FictionalPerson ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :CatchingCOVID-19 ; a :FictionalEvent . :PatChargingHisCarBattery :hadChangedEntity :PatsCarBattery ; :hadThingAffected :PatsCarBattery ; :wasPerformedByAgent :PatrickCassidy ; a :ChargingABattery . :PatGuests20181231 :hasCardinality :TwelveGuests ; a :Attendees . :PatGuests2019 :hasCardinalityNumber "101"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; a :Attendees . :PatHasAnAccount :hasTemporalLocation :AfterDTEG10171122 ; :isDesiredBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isDesiredIn :PatWillDepositAndWithdrawMoney ; a :GoalSituation . :PatNotInUSA20081004 :hadMainParticipant :PatrickCassidy ; :hadMissingThing :PatrickCassidy ; :hasSubjectOfState :PatrickCassidy ; :occurredAt :NotInUSA20081004 ; a :Absence ; rdfs:comment """The absence of Pat from the USA on November 4, 2008, New York Time. An illustration of an instance of 'Absence'""" . :PatOpeningCosmoBankAccount :hadAgentInAgreement :GenericCosmoBank ; :hadInformationTransferred :AgreementToAdhereToConditions ; :hadObjectCreated :PatsCosmoAccount ; :hadThingTransferred :AgreementToAdhereToConditions ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :PatsCosmoAccount ; :hasPurpose :BankingConvenience ; :isPerformedBy :PatAndCOSMOBank ; :produced :AgreementToAdhereToConditions, :PatsCosmoAccount ; :wasAssistedBy :EnglishLanguage ; :wasMotivatedBy :OfferingaBankAccount ; :wasPerformedByAgent :BankAndPat, :PatrickCassidy ; a :OpeningaBankAccount . :PatWearingaJacket :hadMainParticipant :PatAndHisJacket ; :hadObjectTouched :Jacket ; :hasObjectSupported :Jacket ; :hasSubjectOfState :PatrickCassidy ; :wasPerformedByAgent :PatrickCassidy ; a :WearingSomething ; rdfs:comment """Looks overly complex?? ''hadMainParticipant'' required by ''DualObjectEvent''. ''hasSubjectOfState'' required by ''PersistentState''. ''hadObjectTouched'' required by ''TouchingState''. Can change ''someValuesFom'' to ''hasValue'' if such complexity needs to be avoided. """ . :PatWillDepositAndWithdrawMoney :isInTheMindOf :PatrickCassidy ; :wasCreatedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :Plan . :PatWillWriteChecks :hasPart :PatWillDepositAndWithdrawMoney ; :isInTheMindOf :PatrickCassidy ; :refersToFutureSituation :PatCanWriteChecks ; a :Intention, :Specification . :Pate :guid "bec944e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Meat ; :wnsense "pate1n" ; :wordnet "pate" ; a :FoodType, :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pate' in WordNet: 1. pate - (liver or meat or fowl finely minced or ground and variously seasoned) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, :FoodConcoction, :Spread . :PateOfTheHead :en "top of the head" ; :wnsense "crown10n", "pate2n", "poll2n" ; :wordnet "crown", "pate", "poll" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PateOfTheHead'' is the top part (a ''Vertex'') of a Person's ''Head'', located above the brow and ears.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pate' in WordNet: 2. pate, poll, crown - (the top of the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vertex, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Patent :guid "bd58ad1f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "letters patent1n", "patent of invention1n", "patent1n", "patent2n" ; :wordnet "letters patent", "patent", "patent of invention" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Patent'' is a ''LegalDocument-Abstract'' that is issued to memorialize and record and attest to the granting by a government authority of an exclusive right to an 'invention', to some ''LegalAgent''. CYC: The legal rights to a specification for the design of a tangible device which an agent controls for a certain period of time. Any product which conforms to the specification which was made without the patent's owner's consent is illegal. Patent rights can be sold. NOTE that this is abstract, so that one can say that a Person 'has' a patent even if the paper document is lost. Includes both noun senses of 'patent' in WordNet: 1. (5) patent, patent of invention - (a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention) 2. patent, letters patent - (an official document granting a right or privilege) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AuthorizedAgreement, :LegalAgreement, :LegalDocument-Abstract . :Paternalism :wnsense "paternalism1n" ; :wordnet "paternalism" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Paternalism'' is an ''Attitude'' toward certain people that predisposes a Person to control or advise those people in the manner of a 'Father' who knows better than they do what is best for them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paternalism' in WordNet: 1. paternalism - (the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attitude, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Benevolent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Paternalistic :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Paternalism ; :wnsense "paternalistic1adj" ; :wordnet "paternalistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paternalistic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) paternalistic - (benevolent but sometimes intrusive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benevolent . :Path-Generic a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'path' of any kind, a very broad concept. This type collects all Cyc 'paths'. NOTE that this is not a 'Region'. Includes noun senses 2,3, and 4 of 'path' and sense 1 of 'track' and sense 1 of 'route' in WordNet, but only **as subtypes**: WN 'path' 2. (8) path - (a way especially designed for a particular use) 3. (3) path, route, itinerary - (an established line of travel or access) 4. path, track, course - (a line or route along which something travels or moves; 'the hurricane demolished houses in its path'; 'the track of an animal'; 'the course of the river') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object . :Path-Physical :guid "bee87cc9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "passage" ; :wnsense "passage3n" ; :wordnet "passage" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc a 'Path-Customary'. A Path-Customary is reinterpreted as 'Path-Physical' in COSMO, being a linear arrangement of physical material that permits or assists something to 'move' in some sense along the path. It is therefore a physical object, and certain types of communications 'channels' such as a point-to-point radio link, do not qualify. because the 'path' involved (the 'ether') does not assist the movement of the signal. This is not necessarily an artifact; a RiverBed is a 'Path-Physical'. At this point we have not formalized the notion that it is easier (takes less effort) for objects to move along a path than to move where that kind of path does not exist. Note that we add a restriction specifying that every instance of path must have some instance of PhysicalObject that can move along it. This existential should not be too burdensome, since we can generally mention some individual physical object that *can* move (not necessarily does move) along every path that is instantiated. Cyc: A specialization of #$Path-Spatial. Each instance of #$Path-Customary is a spatial path which was either designed as a path by some intelligent agent, or which has a significant known function as a path for movement. Examples include roads, railroads, sea-lanes, cowpaths, boardwalks, tubes, channels, blood vessels, fibers, wires, and communication links. An instance of #$Path-Customary may be either an instance of #$Path-Simple (in which case it would be a path with two distinct ends, not forming a cycle) or an instance of #$Path-Cyclic. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'passage' in WordNet: 3. (4) passage - (a way through or along which someone or something may pass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Spatial, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ] . :Path-Simple :guid "bd588e69-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "path", "track" ; :wnsense "path2n", "path3n", "path4n", "track1n" ; :wordnet "path", "track" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$Collection, and a specialization of #$Path-Generic. Each instance of #$Path-Simple is a path with two distinct ends that do not overlap each other (in the case of spatial paths, the two ends are spatially disjoint). Since no instance of #$Path-Simple has ends that join at one point, #$Path-Simple is disjoint with #$Path-Cyclic. Although instances of #$Path-Simple have distinct ends, some instances may have more than two things that are its end-points . For example, a path between Austin and Pittsburgh can also be a path between Texas and Pennsylvania. Notable specializations of #$Path-Simple include #$Pipe-GenericConduit, #$Nerve, and #$Stream. Includes noun senses 2,3, and 4 of 'path' and sense 1 of 'track' and sense 1 of 'route' in WordNet: WN 'path' 2. (8) path - (a way especially designed for a particular use) 3. (3) path, route, itinerary - (an established line of travel or access) 4. path, track, course - (a line or route along which something travels or moves; 'the hurricane demolished houses in its path'; 'the track of an animal'; 'the course of the river') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Generic . :Path-Spatial :guid "c095e890-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "path", "track" ; :wnsense "path2n", "path3n", "path4n", "route1n", "track1n" ; :wordnet "path", "route", "track" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Path-Generic and #$EnduringThing-Localized (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Path-Spatial is a path that has spatial extent, and that joins spatially located things. So instances of #$Path-Spatial include roads, corridors, wires, blood vessels, and nerves; however, purely abstract paths, such as those in kinship diagrams and mathematics, are _not_ instances of #$Path-Spatial. Instances of #$Path-Spatial may be pre-existing paths in a #$CustomarySystemOfLinks (q.v.) or they may be paths in some specially specified #$PathSystem (q.v.) consisting of spatial paths. Includes noun senses 2,3, and 4 of 'path' and sense 1 of 'track' and sense 1 of 'route' in WordNet: WN 'path' 2. (8) path - (a way especially designed for a particular use) 3. (3) path, route, itinerary - (an established line of travel or access) 4. path, track, course - (a line or route along which something travels or moves; 'the hurricane demolished houses in its path'; 'the track of an animal'; 'the course of the river') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :Path-Generic, :SpatialThing-Localized . :PathArtifact :en "path", "pathway" ; :enn "path", "pathway" ; :ldoce "way" ; :wnsense "way6n" ; :wordnet "way" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of both #$ConstructionArtifact and #$Path-Customary. Each instance of #$PathArtifact is a spatial path made by humans or animals. Instances of #$PathArtifact include #$ErieCanal, #$WellandShipCanal, #$ChampsElysee, #$WallStreet, USHighway80, and #$Highway101CA. Note that each of these artifacts is a single, particular path; to refer to a whole system of #$PathArtifacts, use #$PathArtifactSystem. includes part of RHW 'pathway': 1. a path, course, route, or way. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'way' in WordNet: 6. (88) way - (any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another; 'he said he was looking for the way out') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :LongAndThinThing, :Path-Physical . :PathArtifactSystem :guid "be60aba5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: #$PathArtifactSystem is a specialization of #$Artifact-NonAgentive, #$InanimateThing, and #$CustomarySystemOfLinks. Each instance of #$PathArtifactSystem is an artificial system consisting of several instances of #$PathArtifact (q.v.). Important specializations of #$PathArtifactSystem include #$ComputerNetwork, #$RoadSystem, and #$SewerSystem """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :CustomarySystemOfLinks, :InanimateThing-NonNatural . :PathForWheeledVehicles :guid "bd59029a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PathForWheeledVehicles(Cyc); LandTransitway(SUMO) OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$PathArtifact. Each instance of #$PathForWheeledVehicles is an artifact whose primary function is to serve as a path along which wheeled vehicles may move or park. Often such paths are paved, but they need not be. Specializations of #$PathForWheeledVehicles include #$AirplaneRunway, #$ParkingLot, and #$Roadway. The SUMO LandTransitway is close but not identical, as it includes airports and airport runways - the latter arguably for wheeled vehicles, but the former less clearly so; in Opencyc Airport is a FixedStructure. SUMO: LandTransitway is the subclass of Transitway that represents areas intended for motion over the ground.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :PathArtifact, :RouteOverGround, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WheeledTransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :PathSystem :guid "bfd62da4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PathSystem may be abstract (such as a connected abstract graph), or concrete such as a road system in some geographical area. Some interesting path systems are the Internet ('TheInternet' here) and TheWorldwideTelephoneSystem. Cyc: The collection of all specified systems of paths and links, including both tangible path systems (such as the system of streets in a city) and abstract path systems (such as a multigraph). Each instance of #$PathSystem consists of a nonempty set of points (where each point is an instance of #$Thing, and is related to the instance of #$PathSystem via the predicate #$pointInSystem), a set of nodes (a subset of the set of points - each node is related to the instance of #$PathSystem via the predicate #$nodeInSystem) a set of links (where each link is an instance of #$Path-Simple, and is related to the instance of #$PathSystem via the predicate #$linkInSystem), and optionally a set of loops (where each loop is an instance of #$Path-Cyclic, and is related to the instance of #$PathSystem via the predicate #$loopInSystem). In order to specify which link is between which two nodes in the system, which point is on which link in the system, which node is on which loop in the system, and so on, see the following predicates: #$pathBetween, #$pointOnPath, #$pointOnCycle, #$betweenOnPath, #$linkBetweenInSystem, #$junctionInSystem, #$deadEndInSystem, #$isolatedNodeInSystem, and #$connectedInSystem. Notable specializations of #$PathSystem include #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem, #$Multigraph, and #$SimplePathSystem. In order to specify the subsystem relation between path systems, see the predicate #$subPathSystems.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalSystem . :PathThroughSolid :guid "c0fd62b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all existing or designated #$Path-Spatials through solid material. Designated paths for drilling and machining are examples, as are the paths of tunnel digging and animal burrowings. Boring into wood and burrowing through the earth are locomotions which may follow paths of this type. For the pure #$Trajectory of a motion through a solid (not a designated or pre-existing path), use #$TrajectoryThroughSolid.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Spatial . :PathType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PathType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for objects, whether abstract or physical, and an argument restriction for various relations on types of ''Path''. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Pathogen :wnsense "pathogen1n" ; :wordnet "pathogen" ; a :OrganismType, :PathogenType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pathogen is a life form that can cause disease in man or animals or plants. Prions that cause disease are classified here as pathogens; therefore Pathogens are not necessarily 'Infectious' - for that, use 'InfectiousAgent'. NOTE: the WN and RHW glosses indicate that poisonous substanes that produce diseaasecan be considered 'pathogens'. In COSMO this type is only for the microorganisms. A'generic pathogen' might be added to include substances, if that usage is still crrent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pathogen' in Wordnet: 1. pathogen - (any disease-producing agent (especially a virus or bacterium or other microorganism)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeForm . :PathogenType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of 'Pathogen' as one of their arguments. All Organisms, plant, animal, microorganism, and individual ceell (as cancer cells) are of AgentType.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentType . :PathogenicBacterium a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PathogenicBacterium'' is a ''Bacterium'' whose presence in the body may cause a ''BacterialInfection'' that is an ''AilmentCondition''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium, :PathogenicMicroorganism . :PathogenicMicroorganism a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A microrganism that can cause an infectious disease (see 'Infection') (in man or other animals). Note that pathogenic viruses are a separate category, because viruses are not classified here as organisms. Also called 'Infectious Agent'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectiousAgent, :Microorganism ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Microorganism :Pathogen ) ] . :PathogenicVirus a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PathogenicVirus is a Virus that can cause disease in man or other animals. Plant viruses are not included in this category.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pathogen, :Virus ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Virus :Pathogen ) ] . :Pathologist :guid "bd588bee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diagnostician1n", "pathologist1n" ; :wordnet "diagnostician", "pathologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pathologists are doctors who are concerned with the causes or disease and the changes in structure and function produced in an organ or part of the body by disease. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pathologist' in WordNet: 1. (2) diagnostician, pathologist - (a doctor who specializes in medical diagnosis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MedicalDiagnosis ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Patience :causes :Forbearance ; :guid "bd588abe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "patience" ; :wnsense "patience1n" ; :wordnet "patience" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Feeling of a person that endures trials, pains, provocation or waiting calmly or without complaint. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'patience' in WordNet; this is only the Feeling; the action of not doing anything is represented by 'Forbearance'. in WordNet: 1. (9) patience, forbearance, longanimity - (good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Calmness-Feeling . :Patient :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Patience ; :isTheOppositeOf :Impatient ; :ldoce "patient" ; :wnsense "patient1adj", "patient2adj" ; :wordnet "patient" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Patience. This attribute has two adjective senses in WordNet, sense 1 apparently characterizes a person's personality, and includes the internal quality of being Patient (though it also suggests behavior), and sense 2 appears to characterize specific behavior, being the lack of protest or complaint while being provoked. This general COSMO sense of 'patient' includes both Wordnet senses: in WordNet: 1. (3) patient - (enduring trying circumstances with even temper or characterized by such endurance; 'a patient smile'; 'was patient with the children'; 'an exact and patient scientist'; 'please be patient') 2. patient - (enduring without protest or complaint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Patiently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Patient ; :isTheOppositeOf :Impatiently ; :wnsense "patiently1adv", "with patience1adv" ; :wordnet "patiently", "with patience" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Patiently'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the Agent was ''Patient'' when performing the Action, waiting as needed to continue or finish. . Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'patiently' in Wordnet: 1. (3) patiently, with patience - (in a patient manner; 'he patiently played with the child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Patio :wnsense "patio1n", "terrace1n" ; :wordnet "patio", "terrace" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Patio'' is an OpenArea adjacent *on one side* to a ''Building'' but not surrounded by structures (as is a ''Courtyard''), and open to the sky, where people can relax and/or take some fresh air while taking a break from working or performing the other activities that are performed inside For a wooden use 'DeckOfaBuilding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patio' in WordNet: 1. patio, terrace - (usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :OutdoorRecreationArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Building ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Patriarch :wnsense "paterfamilias1n", "patriarch2n" ; :wordnet "paterfamilias", "patriarch" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'patriarch' in WordNet: 2. patriarch, paterfamilias - (the male head of family or tribe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Patriarchal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Tribe :Family-Human :GroupType ) ] ] . :Patriarchal :pertainsTo :Patriarch, :Patriarchy ; :wnsense "patriarchal1adj", "patriarchal2adj" ; :wordnet "patriarchal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'patriarchal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) patriarchal - (characteristic of a form of social organization in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line) 2. patriarchal - (relating to or characteristic of a man who is older or higher in rank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MaleDominated, :PertainingAttributeValue . :Patriarchy :wnsense "patriarchate2n", "patriarchy1n" ; :wordnet "patriarchate", "patriarchy" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Other than ''Primogeniture'' what other traditions are a normal part of a ''Patriarchy''?? RHW: 1. a form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patriarchy' in WordNet: 1. patriarchy, patriarchate - (a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Patriarchal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaleDominated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Primogeniture ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PatrickCassidy :fillsTheRoleOf :CassidyKinsman ; :hasAttribute :Age74years, ; :hasFacialHair :Moustache ; :hasGender :MaleSex ; :hasMassInGrams "85000"^^xsd:float ; :hasPostalAddress ; :hasSpouse :DianeCassidy ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveDuring1943-2015 ; :isaCitizenOf :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :speaksLanguage :EnglishLanguage ; :wants :Money ; :wasaCustomerOf :GenericCosmoBank ; a :Client, :Democrat, :EmployerPB, :Kinsman, :LivingPerson, :MalePerson, :Person, :Spouse ; rdfs:comment """Testing an individual Person as an 'EmployerPB'. """, "is a member of the CassidySweeneyClan of Jersey City NJ." . :Patriot :wnsense "nationalist1n", "patriot1n" ; :wordnet "nationalist", "patriot" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Patriot'' is a Citizen of some Country who loves his/her country sufficiently to perform some act of self-sacrifice to advance the interests of the country. Serving on the military is one example of an action that may be performed by a ''Patriot'. A 'jingoist' who proclaims patriotism but does nothing constructive is not an instance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patriot' in WordNet: 1. (2) patriot, nationalist - (one who loves and defends his or her country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Citizen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Patriotism ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Patriotic :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Patriotism ; :wnsense "loyal2adj", "patriotic1adj" ; :wordnet "loyal", "patriotic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Patriotic is an Attribute of a person who feels Patriotism, the love of one's country. 'Patriotic' is a subtype of 'Loyal' specifically directed at loyalty to one's country, indicating not merely a sense of duty, but actual love as the motivation for loyal behavior. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'patriotic' in WordNet: 1. (4) patriotic, loyal - (inspired by love for your country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Loyal . :Patriotism :guid "bd58b608-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nationalism1n", "patriotism1n" ; :wordnet "nationalism", "patriotism" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Patriotism'' is a ''Loyalty'' directed at one's native or adopted country. For the exaggerated ''Patriotism'' that feels that other countries are competitors and the interests of one's own country should be the dominant foreign policy goal, use 'Nationalism''. For the exaggerated ''Patriotism'' that feels that the qualities of one's own country - people and culture - are so superior to those of other countries that other can be scorned, use 'Chauvinism''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patriotism' in WordNet: 1. (3) patriotism, nationalism - (love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it; 'they rode the same wave of popular patriotism'; 'British nationalism was in the air and patriotic sentiments ran high') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Loyalty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Patriotic ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Patriot ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Patrol :wnsense "patrol3n" ; :wordnet "patrol" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfPeople who are in the process of ''Patrolling''. This is a Group, rather than an Organization since it may not be organized This is a Role sincea personorpersons may be part of a Patrol for a very short time, or only once. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patrol' in WordNet: 3. patrol - (a group that goes through a region at regular intervals for the purpose of security) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Patrolling ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protective ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Patrolling :eng "patrolling" ; :guid "c11607d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "patrol1v" ; :wordnet "patrol" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of patrolling done either by law enforcement agencies, #$Vigilantes or military units. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'patrol' and noun sense 2 in WordNet. (NOTE: the word 'control' probably should be'patrol'): in WordNet: 1. (5) patrol, police - (maintain the security of by carrying out a control) WN noun 'patrol': 2. (1) patrol - (the activity of going around or through an area at regular intervals for security purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuardingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Patrol ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Patronage :wnsense "backing1n", "backup5n", "championship3n", "patronage1n" ; :wordnet "backing", "backup", "championship", "patronage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Patronage'' may include financial support. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'patronage' in WordNet: 1. (3) backing, backup, championship, patronage - (the act of providing approval and support; 'his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approval-CommunicationAct . :PatsBasementTelephone :hasMassInGrams "600"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :Telephone . :PatsBigParty2019 :hasEndingPlace :HouseAt735BelviderePlainfieldNJ ; :hasParticipant :PatrickCassidy ; :hasStartingPlace :StateOfNewJersey ; :occurredAt :HouseAt735BelviderePlainfieldNJ ; :produced :PatGuests2019 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :PatGuests2019 ; a :Party . :PatsCarBattery :enablesOrAssists :StartingaMotorVehicle ; :hasMassInGrams "4000"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :PatsToyota ; a :Battery . :PatsCosmoAccount :existsInContext :COSMO ; :hasComponentElement :PatWillWriteChecks ; :hasDesiredSituation :PatHasAnAccount ; :hasMonetaryValue :GCB-PC-BAL10171122 ; :isInTheMindOf :GenericCosmoBank, :PatrickCassidy ; :isLocatedAt :GenericCosmoBank ; :isManagedBy :GenericCosmoBank ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isProducedByEventType :PatCanWriteChecks ; :isTheResultOf :PatOpeningCosmoBankAccount ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :CheckingAccount ; :wasCreatedBy :GenericCosmoBank ; a :CheckingAccount, :FictionalThing ; rdfs:comment """A fictional instance of 'CheckingAccount' created to test the logic of a BindingAgreement. This account is classified as a 'LinguisticAssertion' to simplify the restriction on 'MakingAnAgreement' that requires that it produce a 'LinguisticAssertion'. As a 'LinguisticAssertion', one must specify some word(s) included. Here 'accept' is the word used for inclusion in accounts (as in 'I accept the terms'). #ToDo: should all BankAccounts be considered as 'LinguisticAssertion's? #ToDo: 'hadAgentInAgreement' should be subprop of 'hadRecipient'? NOTE that this type of ''CooperationEvent'' redundantly specifies both the performing agent (''wasPerformedByAgent'')and the other agent (''hadAgentInAgreement'') as well as separately creating the AgentGroup that performed the action. In FOL there should be a way to create the agent group just once and have that fill the other slots. """ . :PatsDellLaptop :containsObjects :LaptopScreenAndMicrophone ; :hasMassInGrams "4000"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :LaptopComputer . :PatsFavoritePillow :hasMassInGrams "1000"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :Pillow . :PatsGarden :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasPhysicalPart :RoseBush ; :isAdjacentTo :PatsResidence ; a :HomeGarden . :PatsHomeTelephones :hasMassInGrams "6000"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :ObjectGroup . :PatsHouse :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :Building . :PatsLaptopMicrophone :hasMassInGrams "600"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :PatsDellLaptop ; a :Microphone ; rdfs:comment """The small microphone included in the base of Pat's Dell6300 laptop - a test instance of Device. """ . :PatsMoustache :hasMassInGrams "2"^^xsd:float ; :isaParticipantIn :MakingPatMoustached ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :PatrickCassidy ; :overlapsOrTouches :PatrickCassidy ; a :Moustache . :PatsNewYearParty2019 :hasEndingPlace :HouseAt735BelviderePlainfieldNJ ; :hasParticipant :PatrickCassidy ; :hasStartingPlace :StateOfNewJersey ; :occurredAt :HouseAt735BelviderePlainfieldNJ ; :produced :PatGuests20181231 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :PatGuests20181231 ; a :Party . :PatsOfficeTelephone :hasMassInGrams "600"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :Telephone . :PatsRadiator :enablesOrAssists :HeatingSomething ; :hasMassInGrams "30000"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :PatsHouse ; :usesSubstance :Water ; a :Radiator . :PatsResidence :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :Building . :PatsToyota :hasMassInGrams "1E6"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; a :Automobile . :PatsWeddingSuit :enablesOrAssists :WearingSomething ; :hasMassInGrams "2000"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :partsHaveTypeInCommon :Cloth ; a :PieceOfCloth ; rdfs:comment """The suit worn at Harold's wedding. This is here to test inheritance of types.""" . :Patsy :wnsense "chump1n", "fall guy1n", "fool2n", "gull1n", "mark9n", "mug2n", "patsy1n", "soft touch1n", "sucker1n" ; :wordnet "chump", "fall guy", "fool", "gull", "mark", "mug", "patsy", "soft touch", "sucker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to and noun sense 1 of 'patsy' in Wordnet: 1. chump, fool, gull, mark, patsy, fall guy, sucker, soft touch, mug - (a person who is gullible and easy to take advantage of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreyForCriminals . :Pattern :ldoce "pattern" ; :wnsense "form3n", "pattern1n", "shape8n" ; :wordnet "form", "pattern", "shape" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the most general Type in which to collect patterns of different kinds - visual, sound patterns, numerical patterns, behavioral patterns, etc. This is a subtype of 'Configuration', some arrangement of a Group of Objects, but a 'Pattern' is recognizable by an Intelligent agent, and may have some significance. **NOTE** Many ''Pattern''s are created by IntelligentAgents, which make them a kind of MentalObject. But some things that can be conceived of as ''Pattern''s (regular recognizably distinct arrangements of things) can occur naturally or are present in geometric figures, which can be considered as having an existence indepedent of human minds. So the types of 'Pattern''s created by people are represened under the subtype ''Design''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pattern' in WordNet: 1. (29) form, shape, pattern - (a perceptual structure; the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Configuration, :Feature . :PatternOfLines a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PatternOfLines' is a Group of Linear things that have a specific spatial relation to each other, in any number of dimensions. This can be abstract or physical, and can be solid linear objects in space, or lines on a surface. As a subtype of 'Specification', this must be defined by some intelligent agent. Note that although this is a Group that includes Lines in it, there must also be elements of the Group that relate the points to each other. @ToDo: this has not even begun to be formalized. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisualPattern, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Line-Generic :LongAndThinObject ) ] ] . :PatternOfPoints a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PatternOfPoints' is a Group of 'SpacePoint's that have a specific spatial relation to each other, in any number of dimensions. As a subtype of 'Specification', this must be defined by some intelligent agent. Note that although this is a Group that includes SpacePoints in it, there must also be elements of the Group that relate the points to each other. @ToDo: this has not even begun to be formalized. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pattern, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SpacePoint ] . :PatternType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of Pattern as one of their arguments. ***NOTE*** that this is a subtype of 'ObjectType''as well as ''QualitativeAttributeType'' even though 'QualitativeAttributes' and 'Objects' are disjoint. This does not violate the logic of COSMO, though it suggests that more thought is needed to categorize patterns. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType, :QualitativeAttributeType . :Patterned :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Pattern ; :wnsense "patterned1n" ; :wordnet "patterned" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of a surface that has some pattern that can be named and recognized by many people. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'patterned' in WordNet: 1. patterned - (having patterns (especially colorful patterns)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceAttributeValue . :Patting :en "patting" ; :wnsense "pat1v", "pat2v" ; :wordnet "pat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TouchingDeliberately'' in which a Person intentionally lightly touches an Object (usually a Person or an animal) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pat' in WordNet: 1. (11) chuck, pat - (pat or squeeze fondly or playfully, especially under the chin) 2. (2) dab, pat - (hit lightly; 'pat him on the shoulder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TouchingDeliberately, :UsingTheHand, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :Paucity :wnsense "dearth2n", "paucity1n", "scarceness1n", "scarcity1n" ; :wordnet "dearth", "paucity", "scarceness", "scarcity" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Paucity'' is an '''Insufficiency'' of something useful that is available for use for some Agent but is **much less than** enough for the purpose for which that Agent wants to use the material . Includes noun sense 1 of 'paucity' and sense 1 of 'scarcity' (difference??) in WordNet: 1. (1) dearth, paucity - (an insufficient quantity or number) WN noun 'scarcity': 1. (1) scarcity, scarceness - (a small and inadequate amount) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insufficiency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scarce ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pauper :wnsense "pauper1n", "poor man1n" ; :wordnet "pauper", "poor man" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pauper'' is a ''PoorPerson'' at the lowest level of income. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pauper' in Wordnet: 1. pauper, poor man - (a person who is very poor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoorPerson . :Pause :en "pausing" ; :wnsense "pause2n" ; :wordnet "pause" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any temporary cessation (a 'PersistentState') of an ongoing activity, whether planned by the actor(s) or forced by an unplanned Event. This includes interruptions of activities by people unexpectedly arriving; planned recesses at meetings; time-outs in sports events, pauses in speaking, or simple rest breaks in any activity. This type is an Event representing the state of the activities during the Pause in action. This is not the Event that caused the Pause (an 'InterruptingEvent') nor the TimeInterval during which the Pause takes place (an 'Intermission') NOTE A ''Pause'' is a ''PersistentState'' at the start of which some Event that had been occurring pauses and during which that Event does not occur, and after which the Event resumes. The co-occurring ''TimeInterval'' is represented as an ''Intermission'' For intentional planned recesses at meetings; time-outs in sports events, or simple rest breaks in any activity, use 'Recess'. The time interval for a pause is represented by ''Intermission''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pause' in WordNet: 2. (3) pause - (temporary inactivity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hiatus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intermission ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :PausingAction :eng "pausing" ; :wnsense "break47v", "hesitate2v", "intermit1v", "pause1v", "pause2v" ; :wordnet "break", "hesitate", "intermit", "pause" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PausingAction'' is an Action in which some Agent intentionally stops some ongoing Action with the expectation that the action stopped may be resumed in a ''Resuming'' Event. Categorizing an Action as a ''PausingAction'' does not necessarily imply that the Action paused was subsequently resumed, as some Event may intervene to prevent the resumption. For an intended permanent cessation of an Action use ''QuittingAction'' NOTE @r1533: stopping, starting, pausing and resuming and quitting are Roles for Events that are subEvents of the parent events that are stopped, started, paused, resumed or quit. See: ''StoppingEvent'' ''StartingAnAction'' ''Resuming'' ''PausingAction'' ''QuittingAction'' Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'pause' in WordNet: 1. (23) hesitate, pause - (interrupt temporarily an activity before continuing; 'The speaker paused') 2. (12) pause, intermit, break - (cease an action temporarily; 'We pause for station identification'; 'let's break for lunch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :Role, :StoppingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pause ] . :PausingHostilities :en "pausing hostilities=" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PausingHostilities'' is a ''PausingAction'' in which some ''War'' or similar Action is paused, leading to a ''CeaseFire'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PausingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :War ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CeaseFire ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Paved :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PavingEvent ; :wnsense "paved1adj" ; :wordnet "paved" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Paved'' is an AttributeValue of some part of the Ground that has been covered with a ''PavedSurface'' in a ''PavingEvent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'paved' in Wordnet: 1. (3) paved - (covered with a firm surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PavedRoadway :en "paved road", "paved roadway" ; :enn "paved road", "paved roadway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any paved ''Roadway''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PavedSurface, :PublicProperty, :Roadway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadwayPavement ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :PavedSurface :wnsense "pavement1n", "pavement3n" ; :wordnet "pavement" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For external paved surfaces only, not inside buildings. Any form of paving, with concrete, asphalt, or other material that forms a hard pathway on the surface of the ground, including a series of flat stones that is suitable for walking, are included, This is a ''SupportingSurface'' that can be used for any kind of movement, by foot or vehicle. Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'pavement' in WordNet: 1. (2) pavement, paving - (the paved surface of a thoroughfare) 3. (1) sidewalk, pavement - (walk consisting of a paved area for pedestrians; usually beside a street or roadway) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coating, :ConstructionArtifact, :FixedStructure, :FlatObject, :HorizontalSurface, :OpaqueObject, :SolidObject, :SupportingSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PavingEvent ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoors ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAbove-Touching ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ground ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Traffic ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :PavedWalkway :wnsense "pavement3n" ; :wordnet "pavement" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any paved ''Footpath'' located ''Outdoors''. The subtype ''Sidewalk'' is located adjacent to a roadway. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Footpath, :PavedSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Pavilion :en "pavilion" ; :enn "pavilion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Pavilion'' is not in Wordnet. This ''Pavilion'' is not used as a residence, but for special occasions. RHW 'pavilion': 1. a light, usually open building used for shelter, concerts, exhibits, etc., as in a park or fair. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building . :PavilionTent :en "pavilion tent" ; :enn "pavilion tent" ; :wnsense "marquee1n", "pavilion1n" ; :wordnet "marquee", "pavilion" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: 'marquee' in this sense is mostly British usage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pavilion' in WordNet: 1. pavilion, marquee - (large and often sumptuous tent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Marquee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PavingAsphalt :en "asphalt paving" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Asphalt, :Gravel ; :wnsense "asphalt1n" ; :wordnet "asphalt" ; a :PavingType, :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PavingAsphalt' is a mixture of ''Asphalt'' (tar from natural oils) and gravel-like rock. This is the ''SemiSolidSubstance'' 'asphalt' used in paving, which hardens after application to a pathway bed in a ''PavingaPathway'' Action. NOTE: the 'asphalt' for roofing mentioned in the WN gloss should be represented by the parent type''Asphalt'' unless a disinction is needed.in which case a new subtype will be needed. This is for paving stuff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'asphalt' in WordNet: 1. (1) asphalt - (mixed asphalt and crushed gravel or sand; used especially for paving but also for roofing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Mixture, :OrganicSubstance, :PavingMaterial, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asphalt ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gravel ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :PavingEvent :wnsense "pave1v" ; :wordnet "pave" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PavingEvent'' is a subtype of ''Constructing'', in which a ''PavedSurface'' is created. Any form of paving, with concrete, asphalt, or other material that creates a hard surface on the ground is included, This can include paving with gravel. The subtype ''PavingaPathway'' is restricted to paving with materials that harden to form a ''Pavement''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pave' in WordNet: 1. pave - (cover with a material such as stone or concrete to make suitable for vehicle traffic; \"pave the roads in the village\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuildingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :PavedSurface ] . :PavingMaterial :wnsense "paving material1n" ; :wordnet "paving material" ; a :PavingType, :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PavingMaterial'' is a ''SemiSolidSubstance'' which is a mixture of some semiliquid substance that solidifes, as the cement portion of concrete or the tar portion of ''PavingAsphalt'', plus some solid stone granular material mixed in. Such materials may be usable in Actions other than ''PavingaPathway''; for example, ''Concrete'' has many applications in building structures. ''PavingAsphalt'' differs from the 'asphalt' used in roofing by having more sone gravel included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paving material' in WordNet: 1. paving material - (material used for pavement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixture, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PavingaPathway ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ] . :PavingType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PavingType'' is a specialized subtype of 'SemiSolidSubstanceType' used to express assertions about ''PavingMaterial''s.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemiSolidSubstanceType . :PavingaPathway :wnsense "pave1v" ; :wordnet "pave" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PavingaPathway' is an Action in which a base layer of some ''PathArtifact'' is coated with a durable substance that can solidify and provide a durable surface on which to travel, whether by foot (e.g. a sidewalk) or by wheeled vehicles. Paving material can be concrete or asphalt, but just a applying gravel or crushed stone is not an instance of this type, as the surface is not considered as a ''Pavement''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pave' in WordNet: 1. pave - (cover with a material such as stone or concrete to make suitable for vehicle traffic; \"pave the roads in the village\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface, :CoveringSomething, :PavingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PathArtifact ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PavingType ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consumes ; owl:someValuesFrom :PavingType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardPavement ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Paw :guid "bd58c324-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "paw1n" ; :wordnet "paw" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of this collection is a padded, furry foot found on some non-human mammals (e.g. #$Cats, #$Dogs). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paw' in WordNet: 1. (2) paw - (a clawed foot of an animal especially a quadruped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foot . :Pawl :wnsense "click4n", "detent1n", "dog6n", "pawl1n" ; :wordnet "click", "detent", "dog", "pawl" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pawl' in WordNet: 1. pawl, detent, click, dog - (a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :PhysicalRestraint . :Pawn-ChessPiece :wnsense "pawn3n" ; :wordnet "pawn" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess pawn. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pawn' in WordNet: 3. pawn - ((chess) the least powerful piece; moves only forward and captures only to the side; it can be promoted to a more powerful piece if it reaches the 8th rank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChessPiece . :Payable :wnsense "collectable1adj", "collectible1adj", "payable1adj" ; :wordnet "collectable", "collectible", "payable" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Payable'' is a subtype of ''Owed'' characterizing a sum of money that belongs by right to *one person* that under the control of or is in the possesson of *another person*, that should, by virtue of law or justice, be given to the *one person* within some specified period of time. This is usually applied to debts incurred for services or goods transferred by the *other person* to the *one person* owing the money. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'payable' in Wordnet: 1. (2) collectible, collectable, payable - (subject to or requiring payment especially as specified; 'a collectible bill'; 'a note payable on demand'; 'a check payable to John Doe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Owed . :PayableFine :en "fines" ; :ennp "fines" ; :ldoce "fine" ; :wnsense "amercement1n", "fine1n", "mulct1n" ; :wordnet "amercement", "fine", "mulct" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PayableFine' is a 'MonetaryDebt', created by a 'Fining' Action, that someone is obligated to pay. After being paid, as with other debts, the 'PayableFine' no longer exists, except in history. NOTE: the WN hierarchy has a 'payment' as one parent,but that is the actual transfer of money. This sense of 'fine' is the obligation to pay, which may never be executed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fine' in WordNet: 1. fine, mulct, amercement - (money extracted as a penalty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonetaryDebt . :Paycheck :wnsense "paycheck1n", "payroll check1n" ; :wordnet "paycheck", "payroll check" ; a :MoneyType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Paycheck'' can be compensation for a PaidTask'' performed over any period of time; it can be one-time or periodic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'paycheck' in WordNet: 1. paycheck, payroll check - (a check issued in payment of wages or salary) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Check-TenderObject, :Compensation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaidTask ; owl:onProperty :wasaQuidForQuo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wage ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Payer :wnsense "payer1n", "remunerator1n" ; :wordnet "payer", "remunerator" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Payer'' is an agent that 'pays' for something - i.e. that performs the action of ''Paying''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'payer' in WordNet: 1. payer, remunerator - (a person who pays money for something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :LegalAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Paying ] . :Paying :eng "paying" ; :guid "bd590a1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pay" ; :wnsense "pay10v", "pay1v", "pay5v" ; :wordnet "pay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the generic 'paying' which can be done with money or with some goods or services in exchange for other goods or services, or to repay some form of ''Debt''. The Paying can be done directly, by handing over currency, or by mail or over the telephone, or internet. This is the most generic sense of 'pay'. For paying with money (rather than with goods or services) use 'PayingWithMoney'. Cyc: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType. Each instance of #$Paying is an instance of #$TransferringOwnership in which one agent (the #$payer) transfers something of value to another agent (the #$toPossessor) in exchange for some goods or services rendered (or to be rendered). In each instance of #$Paying, the #$payer gives the payee #$FullUseRights to the thing(s) transferred to the payee. See the #$SharedNoteOnTheDifferenceBetweenPayingAndSpending. Corresponds to verb senses 1, 5, and 10 of 'pay' in WordNet: 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please') 5. (42) pay up, ante up, pay - (cancel or discharge a debt; 'pay up, please!') 10. (2) pay - (discharge or settle; 'pay a debt'; 'pay an obligation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :TransferringOwnership, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Payer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :PayingAttention :en "pay attention", "pay attention to" ; :wnsense "attend5v", "attentiveness1n", "heed1n", "heed1v", "listen3v", "mind4v", "pay heed1v", "paying attention1n" ; :wordnet "attend", "attentiveness", "heed", "listen", "mind", "pay heed", "paying attention" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To 'pay attention' is to intentionally use some sense faculty - usually hearing or seeing - to learn what is present or occurring. The opposite of 'ignoring'. The verb 'heed' usually implies following advice, but that is not yet differentiated here. Includes but is broader than WN noun 'paying attention': in WordNet: 1. attentiveness, heed, regard, paying attention - (paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people); 'his attentiveness to her wishes'; 'he spends without heed to the consequences') WN verb 'heed': 1. (7) heed, mind, listen - (pay close attention to; give heed to; 'Heed the advice of the old men') WN verb 'attend': 5. (1) attend, hang, advert, pay heed, give ear - (give heed (to); 'The children in the audience attended the recital quietly'; 'She hung on his every word'; 'They attended to everything he said') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving-Voluntary . :PayingInCash :guid "cb02b4d0-1425-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "pay" ; :wnsense "pay1v" ; :wordnet "pay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'PayingWithCurrency' in Cyc. Instances of PayingInCash are actions in which one person pays directly, in person, some 'CurrencyObject' to another. Sending money through the mail or a wire transfer are not instances of this type of Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pay' in WordNet: 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PayingWithMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :CurrencyObject ] . :PayingOutaPension :wnsense "pension1n" ; :wordnet "pension" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PayingOutaPension'' is a ''PayingPeriodically'' where the payments are made to carry out a Pension obligation of some Organization to a Retiree. This would be the referent for phrases like 'I receive a pension fromXYX' The term 'pension' is also used for the individual payments, but the distinction is not represented in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pension' in WordNet: 1. (4) pension - (a regular payment to a person that is intended to allow them to subsist without working) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PayingPeriodically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaPensionPayment ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :Retiree ] . :PayingPeriodically a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PayingPeriodically''is a ''PayingWithMoney'' where the payments occur periodically, usually but not necessarily at fixed time intervals (personal loans may be repayed sporadically). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :PayingWithMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InstallmentPayment ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PayingTaxes :guid "cb02b4d0-1425-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PayingTaxes''is any ''PayingWithMoney'' 'PayingWithCurrency' in Cyc. Instances of PayingInCash are actions in which one person pays directly, in person, some 'CurrencyObject' to another. Sending money through the mail or a wire transfer are not instances of this type of Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pay' in WordNet: 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PayingWithMoney, :PayingaFee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TaxPayer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :PayingWithMoney :ldoce "pay", "payment" ; :wnsense "pay10v", "pay1v", "pay5v", "payment2n" ; :wordnet "pay", "payment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Paying for good or services by transferring money; the money can be transferred by directly handing over currency, or via cjeck, credit or debit card, bank transfer, PayPal, or any other means of paying with the direct equivalent of cash. For paying in person with physical currency, use 'PayingInCash'. This is an 'Action' and the primary agent is the one making the payment, not the one receiving the payment. COSMO note: What is transferred can be an Object representing some MoneyObject, such as a piece of Currency. Corresponds to verb senses 1, 5, and 10 of 'pay' and sense 2 of 'payment' in WordNet: 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please') 5. (42) pay up, ante up, pay - (cancel or discharge a debt; 'pay up, please!') 10. (2) pay - (discharge or settle; 'pay a debt'; 'pay an obligation') WN noun 'payment': 2. (23) payment, defrayal, defrayment - (the act of paying money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoneyTransaction, :MoneyTransfer, :Paying . :PayingaFee a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PayingaFee''is any ''PayingWithMoney'' in what is received in return for the payment is some form of 'fee' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PayingWithMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :FeePayment ] . :PayingaRoadToll :en "paying a road toll", "paying a toll" ; :guid "cb02b4d0-1425-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PayingaRoadToll''is a ''PayingaFee'' which can be a ''PayingWithMoney'' but may be a paying by some other means such as automatic toll collection by EZ-Pass (in the Eastern USA) . Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pay' in WordNet: 1. (917) pay - (give money, usually in exchange for goods or services; 'I paid four dollars for this sandwich'; 'Pay the waitress, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PayingaFee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicleDriver ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TollBooth ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :PayingaRoyalty :en "paying a royalty" ; :enn "paying a royalty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PayingaRoyalty''is a ''PayingaFee'' for the commercial use of a ''Patent'' or ''Copyright'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PayingWithMoney, :PayingaFee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Licensee ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UsingaPatentOrCopyright ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :PaymentAmount :ldoce "payment" ; :wnsense "payment1n" ; :wordnet "payment" ; a :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PaymentAmount is a MoneyObject that is received in a 'ReceivingMoney' event. This is not the payment event, but the MoneyObject (an amount of money) transferred in a PayingWithMoney Event. This Object is the participant in any Event where a person receives money, regardless of whether the payment was earned, extorted, payment of royalties, gambling winnings, earnings on an investment, a gift of money, or any other source. For every receiving of money, there is a giving of money; this type can be used to represent a sum given as well as a sum received. Payments have two aspects, from the point of view of the payer (a disbursement), and from the receiver (income). This type is a MoneyObject, the thing transferred during a transaction, and it does not distinguish between the facets depending on point of view, unless it also is a subtype of Role, and then the same MoneyObject may take on two different Roles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'payment' in WordNet: 1. (32) payment - (a sum of money paid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :CostOfPurchase, :MoneyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :PayingWithMoney ] . :PaymentRequestContent :guid "c10c1ee8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "charge" ; :wnsense "billing1n", "charge4n" ; :wordnet "billing", "charge" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT' Cyc: A collection of abstract (informational) objects; a subset of #$TextMicrotheory. Each element of #$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT is a formal request for payment (for products or services); the informational content of a #$Bill-PaymentRequest. Typically, this information includes the name and address of the billing agent; the name, address, account number (if there is one) of the debtor; the amount owed and where/how/when to remit it. For a Physical document representing a 'PaymentRequestContent' (which does not have to exist) use 'Bill-PaymentRequest'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 7 of 'charge' in WordNet, and perhaps to sense 4; however the WordNet sense 4 is a hyponym of 'request, asking' which is a 'Speech act', and this is *not* an Action, but the abstract content of the request for payment (for athe Action of requesting payment use 'RequestingPayment'); and WN sense 7 is a hyponym of 'liability', to which this type is not related. There is no WordNet sense that corresponds closely to this type. in WordNet: WN noun 'charge': 4. (75) charge, billing - (request for payment of a debt; 'they submitted their charges at the end of each month') 7. (23) charge - (financial liabilities (such as a tax); 'the charges against the estate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RequestContent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Bill-PaymentRequest ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :Payroll :wnsense "payroll1n", "paysheet2n" ; :wordnet "payroll", "paysheet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Payroll'' is a ''Register'' representing a ''WageList'' (a List of ''Employee''s and their ''Wage''s). NOTE: WN is ambiguous about whether a 'payroll' is a physical 'book' or the more abstract Lst that can be represented in sucha book. The WN 'payroll' is represented by both this physical ''Payroll' and it abstract representation ''WageList''. Corresponds to the physical noun sense 1 of 'payroll' in WordNet: 1. (1) payroll, paysheet - (a list of employees and their salaries; 'the company had a long payroll') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentaryRecord, :Register, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WageList ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Pea :wnsense "pea1n" ; :wordnet "pea" ; a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a single pea, the soft fruit of the PeaPlant. A bunch of ''Pea''s would be the foodstuff ''Peas''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'pea' in WordNet: 1. (3) pea - (seed of a pea plant used for food) 2. pea - (the fruit or seed of a pea plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit, :Seed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeaPlant ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PeaPlant :guid "bd5904f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pea plant1n", "pea1n" ; :wordnet "pea", "pea plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual pea plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pea plant' in WordNet: 1. pea, pea plant - (a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Legume-ThePlant, :Vegetable-Plant . :Peace :ldoce "peace" ; :wnsense "peace1n" ; :wordnet "peace" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Peace' is a PersistentState characterized by the Absence of War. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peace' in WordNet: 1. (13) peace - (the state prevailing during the absence of war) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :War ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :War ; owl:onProperty :hadMissingThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peaceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PeaceOfMind :ldoce "peace" ; :wnsense "peace2n" ; :wordnet "peace" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PeaceOfMind' is a PersistentState experienced by some Person, characterized by the Absence of anxiety. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'peace' in WordNet: 3. (6) peace, peacefulness, peace of mind, repose, serenity, heartsease, ataraxis - (the absence of mental stress or anxiety) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anxiety ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peaceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Peaceful :ldoce "peaceful" ; :wnsense "peaceful1adj" ; :wordnet "peaceful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a PersistentState in which there is no War or Dispute or Anxiety. This is the attribute of the states 'Peace' and 'PeacefulRelations' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'peaceful' in WordNet: 1. (5) peaceful - (not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war; 'a peaceful nation'; 'peaceful times'; 'a far from peaceful Christmas'; 'peaceful sleep') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PeacefulRelations :ldoce "peace" ; :wnsense "harmony1n", "peace2n" ; :wordnet "harmony", "peace" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PeacefulRelations' is a PersistentState characterized by the Absence of dispute; this is usually instantiated with respect to two or more specific parties that are not in dispute. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'peace' in WordNet, and may include sense 1 of 'harmony': in WordNet: 2. (6) peace - (harmonious relations; freedom from disputes; 'the roommates lived in peace together') WN noun 'harmony': 1. (6) harmony, harmoniousness - (compatibility in opinion and action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisputeEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peaceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Peacefully :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Peaceful ; :wnsense "peacefully1adv" ; :wordnet "peacefully" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'peacefully' in Wordnet: 1. (2) peacefully - (in a peaceful manner; 'the hen settled herself on the nest most peacefully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Peacekeeper :wnsense "peacekeeper1n" ; :wordnet "peacekeeper" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Peacekeeping'' is a Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peacekeeper' in WordNet: 1. peacekeeper - (a member of a military force that is assigned (often with international sanction) to preserve peace in a trouble area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soldier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peacekeeping ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Peacekeeping :wnsense "peacekeeping mission1n", "peacekeeping operation1n", "peacekeeping1n" ; :wordnet "peacekeeping", "peacekeeping mission", "peacekeeping operation" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Peacekeeping'' is an Action by a military force to 'maintain peace', i.e.to inhibit hostilities between groups in some area that have been fighting each other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peacekeeping' in WordNet: 1. peacekeeping, peacekeeping mission, peacekeeping operation - (the activity of keeping the peace by military forces (especially when international military forces enforce a truce between hostile groups or nations)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryOperation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peacekeeper ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Peacenik :wnsense "dove2n", "peacenik1n" ; :wordnet "dove", "peacenik" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Peacenik'' is a ''Pacifist'' whose views opposing War are less formal and based on intuition and Feeling rather than analytical reasoning. The term 'dove' is often applied to a Person who is opposed to a particular ''War'' or to those who support a War. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peacenik' in WordNet: 1. dove, peacenik - (someone who prefers negotiations to armed conflict in the conduct of foreign relations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pacifist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpposingWar ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Peach :wnsense "peach3n" ; :wordnet "peach" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Drupe typically three to four inches in diameter, with a characteristic fuzzy skin, and soft, sweet, light yellow flesh. It is the seed of the tree Prunus persica, of the rose family. the color of the mature fruit may vary somewhat over a single fruit from yellowish to light reddish, with a characteristic pinkish-yellow color that is the hue called 'peach'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peach' in Wordnet: 3. peach - (downy juicy fruit with sweet yellowish or whitish flesh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :Drupe, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "8"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Peacock :wnsense "peacock1n" ; :wordnet "peacock" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"HeadCrest\" Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'peacock' in WordNet: 2. (2) peacock - (male peafowl; having a crested head and very large fanlike tail marked with iridescent eyes or spots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MaleAnimal, :Peafowl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crested ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeadCrest ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeacockTail ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasBodyPart ] . :PeacockTail :en "peacock tail", "peacock's tail" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PeacockTail'' is the distinctive ''BirdTail'' of a ''Peacock''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirdTail, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peacock ; owl:onProperty :mayBeaBodyPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrilliantlyColored ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beautiful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Peafowl :wnsense "bird of Juno1n", "peafowl1n" ; :wordnet "bird of Juno", "peafowl" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peafowl' in WordNet: 1. peafowl, bird of Juno - (very large terrestrial southeast Asian pheasant often raised as an ornamental bird) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pheasant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Peak a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This most general sense of ''Peak'' represents the ''Highest' or ''Maximum'' ''Part'' of anything. See subtypes for For a quantifier meaning 'maximum value' use ''PeakValue''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Greatest ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PeakValue :wnsense "extremum2n", "peak1n" ; :wordnet "extremum", "peak" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PeakValue'' is the highest value for some ''QuantitativeAttributeValue'' in some context, which could be time dependent. This is a *very* general type. This includes, for example, the highest reading of some quantity on some measuring device for some interval of time for some property of some Object or System. Corresponds only approximately to noun sense 1 of 'peak' in WordNet; WN gloss says 'maximum possible' but this ''Peak'' can merely be the maximu value attained in some time or location of object, though much larger values are possible, as suested by the gloss 'voltage peak' when certainly higher voltages are possible at other times or in other systems.: in WordNet: 1. (6) extremum, peak - (the most extreme possible amount or value; 'voltage peak') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limit, :Peak, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuantitativeAttributeValue ; owl:onProperty :isaLimitOnAttributeType ] . :Peanut :guid "bd58f500-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "earthnut3n", "goober pea1n", "goober1n", "groundnut3n", "monkey nut1n", "peanut1n", "peanut4n" ; :wordnet "earthnut", "goober", "goober pea", "groundnut", "monkey nut", "peanut" ; a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the whole peanut, including the shell. CYC 'PeanutPod': The fruit of the peanut plant; contains edible seeds [peanuts]. Peanut pods are unusual in that the shoot bearing the pod elongates, pushing the pod underground as it starts to form; the peanut pod then matures underground. Includes noun senses 1 and 4 of 'peanut' in Wordnet: 1. peanut - (underground pod of the peanut vine) 4. peanut, earthnut, goober, goober pea, groundnut, monkey nut - (pod of the peanut vine containing usually 2 nuts or seeds; 'groundnut' and 'monkey nut' are British terms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, :Nut-TheFruit, :ShapedThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeanutPlant ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeanutKernel ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeanutShell ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :PeanutButter :guid "bd5905e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Peanuts ; :wnsense "peanut butter1n" ; :wordnet "peanut butter" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peanut butter' in Wordnet: 1. (3) peanut butter - (a spread made from ground peanuts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodIngredientOnly, :Paste . :PeanutKernel :en "peanut", "peanut kernel" ; :enn "peanut" ; a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the soft inner edible part of a peanut, excluding the shell. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleNut, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peanut ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PeanutOil :guid "bd58a788-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Peanuts ; :wnsense "peanut oil1n" ; :wordnet "peanut oil" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Oil pressed from the dried seeds of peanuts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peanut oil' in Wordnet: 1. peanut oil, groundnut oil - (a oil from peanuts; used in cooking and making soap; 'groundnut oil' is British usage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VegetableOil . :PeanutPlant :guid "bd589db5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Arachis hypogaea1n", "peanut vine1n", "peanut2n" ; :wordnet "Arachis hypogaea", "peanut", "peanut vine" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The plant that gives us the Peanut. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'peanut' in Wordnet: 2. peanut, peanut vine, Arachis hypogaea - (widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Legume-ThePlant, :LegumeOrder, :Vine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peanut ; owl:onProperty :bearsFruitType ] . :PeanutShell :en "peanut shell" ; a :CoveringType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The outer shell of a ''Peanut''. Represented here beause it has a distinctive easily identifiable shape.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NutShell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peanut ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeanutKernel ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :Peanuts :en "peanuts" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the food consisting of some quantity of ''Peanut''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SnackFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peanut ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Peanuts-Comics :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :HouseAt735BelviderePlainfieldNJ ; :wasCreatedBy :Schulz ; a :CartoonStrip ; rdfs:comment """One physical copy of a 'Peanuts' strip. """ . :Pear :wnsense "pear1n" ; :wordnet "pear" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fruit that is produced by the tree Pyrus communis, of the rose family. Its profile shape (when oriented with the stem at the top and viewed from the Its profile shape (when oriented with the stem at the top and viewed from the side) is almost spherical at the bottom part, but tapering to a narrower diameter at the top near the stem. The shape is sufficently distinctive to be recognizable as a silhouette. A Pear is sufficiently distorted from a sphere that it does not qualify as a 'RoundObject' - the ShapeType ''PearShaped'' arose from the distinctive shape of the ''Pear''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pear' in Wordnet: 1. (3) pear - (sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PearShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :PearShaped a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PearShaped' is a distinctive rounded shape that at one end is close to spherical or Ovoidal, but narrows at the other end almost to a tube shape. This is the characteristic shape of a ''Pear''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Round . :Pearl :wnsense "pearl1n" ; :wordnet "pearl" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A natural 'pearl', which may be cultured. The 'largest' is: The Pearl of Lao Tzu (also referred to as Pearl of Lao Tze and previously as Pearl of Allah) is the largest known pearl in the world. The pearl was found in the Palawan sea, which surrounds the island of Palawan in the Philippines, and was found by a Filipino diver. It is not considered a gemstone pearl, but is instead what is known as a 'clam pearl' or 'Tridacna pearl' from a giant clam. It measures 24 centimeters in diameter (9.45 inches) and weighs 6.4 kilograms (14.1 lb). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pearl' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pearl - (a smooth lustrous round structure inside the shell of a clam or oyster; much valued as a jewel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :CrystallineObject, :Jewel, :SmallObject, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oyster ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "24"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.6"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Peas :en "peas", "pease" ; :guid "c10086f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pea3n" ; :wordnet "pea" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the food consisting of some quantity of ''Pea''s. Similar to CYC 'Pea-Foodstuff': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pea' in WordNet: 3. pea, pea plant - (a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pea ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Peasant :wnsense "bucolic1n", "peasant1n", "peasant2n", "provincial2n" ; :wordnet "bucolic", "peasant", "provincial" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Peasant'' is a ''Rustic'' who works in agriculture. NOTE: WN seems to have the hierarchy of 'rustic' and 'peasant' confused, This type includes the WN senses 1and 2of 'peasant', as the difference is unclear. Includesnoun senses 1 and 2 of 'peasant' in WordNet: 1. (6) peasant, provincial, bucolic - (a country person) 2. (1) peasant - (one of a (chiefly European) class of agricultural laborers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rustic . :Peat :guid "bf0a9587-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "peat1n" ; :wordnet "peat" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces of peat, a kind of partially decomposed vegetable matter formed by the partial decomposition of aquatic and semiaquatic #$Plants. #$Peat is found naturally occurring in various kinds of #$Wetlands in temperate climates and consists mostly of #$Water. Peat has many uses, e.g. as mulch, as a soil conditioner, as an insulating material and, when dried (see #$Peat-Dried), as fuel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peat' in WordNet: 1. peat - (partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VegetableMatter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peat-Dried ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Peat-Dried :en "dried peat" ; :guid "c068f672-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a substance in COSMO - in CYC it is treated as an Object. CYC: The collection of all pieces of peat after they have been dried out.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombustibleFuelSubstance, :VegetableMatter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peat ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peat ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drying ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Pebble :guid "c0fdefe5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pebble1n" ; :wordnet "pebble" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pebble' in WordNet: 1. (5) pebble - (a small smooth rounded rock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, :StoneObject-Natural . :Pecan :guid "c0fdf5c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pecan3n" ; :wordnet "pecan" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """in CYC 'Pecan-TheNut' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pecan' in WordNet: 3. pecan - (smooth brown oval nut of south central United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, :Nut-TheFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PecanTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :PecanTree :guid "bd58da2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pecan tree1n", "pecan2n" ; :wordnet "pecan", "pecan tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Tree native to temperate North America, yielding tasty nuts. These nuts have the highest fat content of any vegetable product, and a caloric value close to butter! Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pecan tree' and sense 2 of 'pecan' in WordNet: 2. pecan, pecan tree, Carya illinoensis, Carya illinoinsis - (tree of southern United States and Mexico cultivated for its nuts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeciduousPlant, :FruitTree, :Tree . :Peck :wnsense "peck2n", "peck3n" ; :wordnet "peck" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Peck'' is a Unit of volume including both the United States 'peck' and the British 'pecks', which are close but can be differentiated when needed. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'peck' in WordNet: 2. peck - (a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal to 2 gallons) 3. peck - (a United States dry measure equal to 8 quarts or 537.605 cubic inches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :Pecking :wnsense "beak1v", "peck1v", "pick11v" ; :wordnet "beak", "peck", "pick" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some Animal intentionally touches something else (usually another Animal or some food object) briefly. This is mostly used for birds with sharp beaks. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peck' in WordNet: 1. (3) peck, pick, beak - (hit lightly with a picking motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TouchingDeliberately . :PeckingAtFood :wnsense "peck at1v", "peck4v", "pick at2v" ; :wordnet "peck", "peck at", "pick at" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PeckingAtFood'' is an EatingEvent that is performed by a Person in small amounts at a time, and slowly, and sometimes leaves food uneaten. This is done by someone who is not hungry, or distracted by some concern. This is a contrasting action to 'devouring' or 'wolfing down' food. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peck at' in WordNet: 1. pick at, peck at, peck - (eat like a bird; 'The anorexic girl just picks at her food') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pedagogical :pertainsTo :Teaching, :TeachingAsAnOccupation ; :wnsense "pedagogic1adj", "pedagogical1adj" ; :wordnet "pedagogic", "pedagogical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pedagogical' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pedagogical, pedagogic - (of or relating to pedagogy; 'pedagogical significance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Pedal :wnsense "foot lever1n", "foot pedal1n", "pedal2n", "treadle1n" ; :wordnet "foot lever", "foot pedal", "pedal", "treadle" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pedal'' is the generic 'pedal' that includes the pedals on bicycles and tricycles and also the pedals on stationary devices such as pianos and organs, and on devices used to cause some kind of motion in a machine, usually to perform some useful working task (e.g. the treadle on a non-electrical sewing machine). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pedal' in WordNet: 2. pedal, treadle, foot pedal, foot lever - (a lever that is operated with the foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :Lever, :RigidObject . :Pedaling :en "one pedaling cycle", "pedaling once" ; :guid "bd589847-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event that is a pair of ''PushingEvent''s in which a Person pushes one or two 'pedals', one time each alternately with each foot. This is usually repeated as a subEvent in a ''RidingaBicycle'' Action, or as when 'pedaling' the powering foot pedal of a human-powered sewing machine. or of a turntable. CYC: Pedaling once on each pedal. A physical activity in which legs are pumped in a circular motion as if driving a crankshaft. Pedaling consists of #$LiftingALeg and #$PushingAnObject, one time with each leg. Normal pedaling events consist of lots of #$Pedaling sub-events. This unit was broken down to this degree of granularity so that we could more easily talk about the #$anatomicalResourceRequired, namely, 2 legs and 2 feet. NOTE: the WN 'pedal' is for repeated actions of this kind. See ''RidingaBicycle' for one example of repeated 'Pedaling'' actions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PushingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothLegs ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pedal ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :Pedant :wnsense "bookworm1n", "pedant1n", "scholastic1n" ; :wordnet "bookworm", "pedant", "scholastic" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pedant' in WordNet: 1. pedant, bookworm, scholastic - (a person who pays more attention to formal rules and book learning than they merit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scholar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scholarly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Studious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pedantic :pertainsTo :Pedant, :Pedantry ; :wnsense "academic3adj", "donnish1adj", "pedantic1adj" ; :wordnet "academic", "donnish", "pedantic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pedantic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) academic, donnish, pedantic - (marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Pedantry :wnsense "pedantry1n" ; :wordnet "pedantry" ; a :ActionType, :InformationType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pedantry'' is a ''DisplayingSomething'' in which the 'something' is a high level of book learning, though without direct relevance to the topic at hand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pedantry' in WordNet: 1. pedantry - (an ostentatious and inappropriate display of learning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pedantic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Peddler :wnsense "peddler1n" ; :wordnet "peddler" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Peddler'' is a ''Vendor'' (seller) who s an individual Person (not an Organization) who sells things in person, on a small scale, by traveling from place to place with her/his wares (PhysicalObjects). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peddler' in WordNet: 1. (3) peddler, pedlar, packman, hawker, pitchman - (someone who travels about selling his wares (as on the streets or at carnivals)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Vendor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :sells ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peddling ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Peddling :wnsense "hawk1v", "huckster1v", "monger1v", "peddle1v", "pitch5v", "vend1v" ; :wordnet "hawk", "huckster", "monger", "peddle", "pitch", "vend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Peddling'' is a ''RetailSale'' performed by a merchant who goes from place to place to sell his/her wares. this includes merhants who sell from a mobile cart, even if the cart is usually located in one location, as a street hot dog vender or lunch wagon. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peddle' in WordNet: 1. (2) peddle, monger, huckster, hawk, vend, pitch - (sell or offer for sale from place to place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peddler ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consumer ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :Pedestal :wnsense "pedestal13n", "pedestal1n" ; :wordnet "pedestal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Pedestal'' is a base for something it supports, is taller than it is wide (in any direction), and is closed, not supported by 'legs', and is at least four feet high. This does not include small 'pedestal's for statuettes or lamp. Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 3 of 'pedestal' in WordNet: 1. (1) base, pedestal, stand - (a support or foundation; \"the base of the lamp\") 3. pedestal, plinth, footstall - (an architectural support or base (as for a column or statue)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "120"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :Pedestrian :wnsense "footer2n", "pedestrian1n", "walker3n" ; :wordnet "footer", "pedestrian", "walker" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Pedestrian' is a Person travelling on foot. NOTE that the label ''Wallker'' is used in COSMO for a Device that assists walking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pedestrian' in WordNet: 1. pedestrian, walker, footer - (a person who travels by foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Traveler, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ] . :PedestrianTraffic :ldoce "traffic" ; :wnsense "traffic1n" ; :wordnet "traffic" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Event in which a Group of people are moving at a particular time in a particular Region. This is for people, while 'Traffic' is for vehicles. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'traffic' in WordNet, but including only pedestrians - vehicles are represented by 'Traffic': in WordNet: 1. (14) traffic - (the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Pedestrian ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Pediatrician :guid "bd58cff9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "baby doctor1n", "paediatrician1n", "pediatrician1n", "pediatrist1n" ; :wordnet "baby doctor", "paediatrician", "pediatrician", "pediatrist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pediatricians are doctors who specialize in the branch of medicine concerned with the care of children and the treatment of childhood diseases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pediatrician' in WordNet: 1. baby doctor, pediatrician, pediatrist, paediatrician - (a specialist in the care of babies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pediatrics ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pediatrics ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Pediatrics :wnsense "paediatrics1n", "pediatric medicine1n", "pediatrics1n", "pedology1n" ; :wordnet "paediatrics", "pediatric medicine", "pediatrics", "pedology" ; a :OccupationType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pediatrics'' is a branch of ''Medicine'' that deals with the health of childrens, especially of ''HumanInfant''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pediatrics' in WordNet: 1. pediatrics, paediatrics, pediatric medicine, pedology - (the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of infants and children) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Peekaboo :en "peek-a-boo" ; :wnsense "peekaboo1n" ; :wordnet "peekaboo" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Hide-and-seek' is a game played by young children, in which one (who is 'it') covers the eyes while the others hide, then tries to find the others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peek-a-boo' in WordNet: 1. peekaboo, bopeep - (a game played with young children; you hide your face and suddenly reveal it as you say boo!) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildsGame . :Peeking :en "peeking" ; :wnsense "peek1n" ; :wordnet "peek" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Peeking'' is a ''Looking'' in which the person doing the ''Looking'' tries to do so unobserved (surreptitiously). The only verb sense of 'peek'in WN is for brief looking actions (see ''Glancing'') ,not the surreptitious type. The noun 'peek' in WN does convey the secretive sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peek' in WordNet: 1. peek, peep - (a secret look) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surreptitious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surreptitiously ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :Peeler :wnsense "peeler3n" ; :wordnet "peeler" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Peeler'' is any of several small hand-held devices that facilitates the act of peeling the 'skins' off of some fruit or vegetable - such as a 'potato peeler'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'peeler' in WordNet: 3. peeler - (a device for peeling vegetables or fruits; 'she invented a potato peeler') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :KitchenUtensil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeelingSomethingFromaSurface ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :PeelingSomethingFromaSurface :en "peeling" ; :eng "paring" ; :wnsense "pare3v", "peel1v", "skin4v" ; :wordnet "pare", "peel", "skin" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PeelingSomethingFromaSurface'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' that is to remove thin segments of the surface of an object by a process that is a pulling, rather than a cutting. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peel'in WordNet: 1. skin, peel, pare - (strip the skin off; 'pare apples') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PullingOnAnObject, :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paring ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peeler ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable :en "peeling" ; :eng "paring" ; :wnsense "pare3v", "peel1v", "skin4v" ; :wordnet "pare", "peel", "skin" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PeelingTheSkinFromaFruitOrVegetable''' is a ''PeelingSomethingFromaSurface'' where the 'something' is a ''PlantCovering'' (peel, rind, skin) and the thing it is removed from is a fruit or vegetable (such as a banana). NOTE: this is a 'peeling' Action, using the hand or other gripper; for 'paring' by cutting use ''ParingaFruitOrVegetable''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peel'in WordNet: 1. skin, peel, pare - (strip the skin off; 'pare apples') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeelingSomethingFromaSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :FruitOrVegetableObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlantCovering ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitParing ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peeler ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :Peer :wnsense "compeer1n", "equal1n", "match7n", "peer1n" ; :wordnet "compeer", "equal", "match", "peer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Peer'' is a Person who is an 'equal' in some sense to others - usually used in the plural: 'jury of one's peers'; 'popular among her peers'. Often used for children who are classmates or playmates. @ToDo: Need 'peer group' explicitly. WN 'peer group'; 1. (1) peer group - (contemporaries of the same status) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peer' in WordNet: 1. (4) peer, equal, match, compeer - (a person who is of equal standing with another in a group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Equal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PeerGroup :wnsense "peer group1n" ; :wordnet "peer group" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PeerGroup'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' that have some form of ''Equality'' (which is in this case only approximate in quantity, but 'equal' in status). The Attribute(s) that make the members of the Group 'equal' are required to be specified by the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' (i.e. 'are alike with respect to'). Teenagers of the same age are one example Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peer group' in WordNet: 1. (1) peer group - (contemporaries of the same status) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EqualityGroup, :GroupOfPeople . :PeerNoble :wnsense "peer2n" ; :wordnet "peer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'peer' in WordNet: 2. peer - (a nobleman (duke or marquis or earl or viscount or baron) who is a member of the British peerage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LordNoble . :Peering :en "peering" ; :wnsense "peer1" ; :wordnet "peer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Peering'' is a ''Looking'' in which the person doing the ''Looking'' looks for something specific.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'peer' in WordNet: 1. (30) peer - (look searchingly; 'We peered into the back of the shop to see whether a salesman was around') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking, :Searching . :Peeve :en "peeve" ; :enn "peeve" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Peeve''is an ''AnnoyingThing'' that can cause a ''PeevedMood''. This can be an Object or Event. NOTE: WN does not have the RHW sense 2 of 'peeve' RHW noun'peeve: 2. a source of annoyance or irritation: Tardiness is one of my greatest peeves. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeevedMood ; owl:onProperty :perceivingCausesMentalEvent ] . :PeevedMood :en "peeved mood" ; :wnsense "peeve1n" ; :wordnet "peeve" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Peeve'' is a ''BadMood'' that is caused by a ''Peeving'' Event. NOTE: WN does not have the RHW sense 2 of 'peeve' RHW noun'peeve: 2. a source of annoyance or irritation: Tardiness is one of my greatest peeves. This is represented by ''Peeve''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peeve' in WordNet: 1. peeve - (an annoyed or irritated mood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadMood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Peeving ] . :Peeving :causes :Annoyance ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Peeving'' is an AnnoyingEvent that causes a Person to experience a ''Peeve'' (BadMood). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnnoyingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeevedMood ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :Peg :wnsense "nog1n", "peg1n" ; :wordnet "nog", "peg" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peg' in WordNet: 1. (2) peg, nog - (a wooden pin pushed or driven into a surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :HandSizedObject, :LongAndThinThing, :Pin, :PointyEndedObject, :SmallObject . :Pelican :guid "bd633c2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pelican1n" ; :wordnet "pelican" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pelican' in WordNet: 1. pelican - (large long-winged warm-water seabird having a large bill with a distensible pouch for fish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seabird, :ShoreBird . :PellMell :isTheOppositeOf :Unhurried ; :wnsense "helter-skelter2adj", "pell-mell1adj" ; :wordnet "helter-skelter", "pell-mell" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the sense 2 of 'helter-skelter' in WordNet matches the intended meaning here,but is also used for the meaning in parent attribute ''HelterSkelter''. WN does not distinguish rapid disorganized movement from unhurried but disorganized movements and actions. The latter is represented in the parent attribute ''HelterSkelter'' and this is for hurried disorganized movements. RHW 'pell-mell': 1. in disorderly, headlong haste; in a recklessly hurried manner. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pell-mell' in Wordnet: 1. helter-skelter, pell-mell - (with undue hurry and confusion; 'a helter-skelter kind of existence with never a pause'; 'a pell-mell dash for the train') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelterSkelter, :Hurried . :Pellet :wnsense "pellet1n" ; :wordnet "pellet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small approximately spherical Object, artifactual or natural, smaller than a ''Marble'' but larger than a grain of sand. This type is defined primarily by its size and shape. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pellet' in WordNet: 1. pellet - (a small sphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PelletSizedObject, :SolidObject, :SphericalObject . :PelletShot :guid "bd5888cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pellet2n", "shot6n" ; :wordnet "pellet", "shot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PelletShot'' is a Pellet artifact designed to be propelled by a Firearm. This is a small spherical object designed to be propelled by a ''Shotgun''or pellet gun. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pellet' in WordNet: 2. shot, pellet - (a solid missile discharged from a firearm; 'the shot buzzed past his ear') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProjectileWeapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firearm ; owl:onProperty :isPropelledBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShotgunShell ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :PelletSizedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PelletSizedObject'' is a ''SmallObject'' that is smaller than a ''Marble'' and larger than a Grain of sand. For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject FingerSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Pelt :guid "c0336d6a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hide" ; :wnsense "pelt1n" ; :wordnet "pelt" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A processed ArtifactObject called 'Hide-Product' in Cyc. In COSMO,'Skin' does not necessarily include the hair (or fur), but a Pelt specifically includes hair (this is not necessarily the same as the Cyc usage). Processed hides without hair are not yet (v0.54) generically represented, but 'Hide-BodyPart' is the generic type that includes hides without hair, and 'Leather' is one special case that is represented. This differs from the more general 'FurPiece' in having been processed to preserve it. NOTE that, though derived from an animal, this is an 'ArtifactObject'; it must be process to become a 'Pelt' Cyc: The collection of all instances of (#$DriedProductFn Skin) which, after removal, have been put through a preservative process, usually tanning, to insure long term durability Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pelt' in WordNet: WN 'pelt' 1. fur, pelt - (the dressed hairy coat of a mammal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :DryObject, :FurObject, :Hide, :OrganicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fur ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Pelvis :guid "bd58e24c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hip2n", "pelvic arch1n", "pelvic girdle1n", "pelvis1n" ; :wordnet "hip", "pelvic arch", "pelvic girdle", "pelvis" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE CYC treats 'Pelvis' as the region around the pelvic bones whereas WN treats it as the Pelvic bones. In COSMO the WN sense is used - a group of ''Bone''s. CYC: The lower torso region around the pelvic bone Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pelvis' in WordNet: 1. (1) pelvis, pelvic girdle, pelvic arch, hip - (the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :SkeletalStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hip ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Pen :guid "bd58884a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pen" ; :wnsense "pen1n" ; :wordnet "pen" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any writing implement in the shape of a straight shaft that can be manipulated in the hand to apply ink to paper in a writing process. A writing brush does not qualify (though it is not actually excluded by the specified properties). This is a type of container; there are simple pens that are dipped in ink frequently, and those do not have the usual properties of a container - the fluid does not last long in the air - but for simplicity even the small amount of ink that the nib holds will be counted as 'contained' fluid, and such pens will count as 'containers'. @ToDO add 'drawing' as Event' where used Called 'WritingPen' in Cyc. Cyc: a stick with a point at one end which can transmit ink to a writing surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pen' in WordNet: 1. (8) pen - (a writing implement with a point from which ink flows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidContainer, :HandWritingImplement, :PointyEndedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ink ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Writing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :PenNib :wnsense "nib1n", "pen nib1n" ; :wordnet "nib", "pen nib" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''NibbedPen'' is a type of ''Pen'' having a pointed 'nib' at the end which can hold a small quantity of ink - just enough to write a word or two by hand, refilled by dipping into an ''Inkwell''. In RHW the artifact (not on a quill) is called a 'penpoint': (1. the point or writing end of a pen, esp. a small, tapering, metallic device having a split tip for drawing up ink and for writing; nib.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pen nib' in WordNet: 1. nib, pen nib - (the writing point of a pen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NibbedPen ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Penalizing :guid "bd58ac44-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "penalise1v", "penalize1v" ; :wordnet "penalise", "penalize" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Penalizing'' is a narrower subtype of 'Punishing' that is any action taken by an 'Authority'' that inflicts some undesirable Action on a Person as punishement for violating some formal 'Rule' (applicable to some Social group larger than a family). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'penalize' in WordNet: 1. (3) punish, penalize, penalise - (impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on; 'The students were penalized for showing up late for class'; 'we had to punish the dog for soiling the floor again') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Punishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :InfringingARule ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :Pencil :ldoce "pencil" ; :wnsense "pencil1n" ; :wordnet "pencil" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any writing implement in the shape of a straight shaft (usually but not always of wood) that can be manipulated in the hand to apply marks from a rod of solid coloring material (traditionally graphite) to paper in a writing process. The difference between a pencil and a pen is that a pen applies a liquid ink, while a pencil applies a mark that comes from abrading part of a graphite ('lead') rod (or other solid colored material) onto the paper. The writing substance can be encased in wood, or in a mechanism to feed it so that it can be replaced and the pencil reused multiple times (a 'mechanical pencil'). From RHW sense 1: a slender tube of wood, metal, plastic, etc., containing a core or strip of graphite, a solid coloring material, or the like, used for writing or drawing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pencil' in WordNet: 1. (7) pencil - (a thin cylindrical pointed writing implement; a rod of marking substance encased in wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FingerSizedObject, :HandWritingImplement, :PointyEndedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Writing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :PencilMoustache :en "straight moustache" ; a :FacialHairType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PencilMoustache' is a ''Moustache'' that is narrow and straight, aligned horizontally. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moustache, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Straight ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PencilSharpener :wnsense "pencil sharpener1n" ; :wordnet "pencil sharpener" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pencil sharpener' in WordNet: 1. pencil sharpener - (a rotary implement for sharpening the point on pencils) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sharpener, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharpeningaPencil ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Pendant :guid "bf23cabe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pendant1n", "pendent1n" ; :wordnet "pendant", "pendent" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pendant' in WordNet: 1. pendant, pendent - (an adornment that hangs from a piece of jewelry (necklace or earring)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :Jewelry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jewelry ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jewelry ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeSuspendedFrom ] . :Pending :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Existence ; :wnsense "pending1adj" ; :wordnet "pending" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pending'' characterizes something that is expected to happen, but has not yet happened. This would typically be an Event, but the same term is used to refer to objects that are created by an Event. A 'pending license' is a license that will be created by a licensing Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pending' in WordNet: 1. (3) pending - (awaiting conclusion or confirmation; 'business still pending') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistenceValue, :Nonexistent . :Pendulum :wnsense "pendulum1n" ; :wordnet "pendulum" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pendulum'' is a ''Device'' that is used in some types of ''Clock'' that swings back and forth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pendulum' in WordNet: 1. (1) pendulum - (an apparatus consisting of an object mounted so that it swings freely under the influence of gravity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :LongAndThinObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clock ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swinging ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PenetratingAnObject :wnsense "penetrate1v", "perforate2v" ; :wordnet "penetrate", "perforate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PenetratingAnObject'' is an 'EnteringaRegion' where the Region is inside a PhysicalObject, by a process of piercing the outer surface of the object. The extent of penetration need not be deep,only enough for the edge of the penetrating object to pass beyond the inner part of the surface layer; if the surface layer is not well defined (as is the skin of an animal or fruit, or covering of an artifact object.), the penetrating object should have some resistance to further penetration, or be held by friction forces, or be mostly or entirely within the object penetrated. This is usually performed by a rigid and sharp or pointed object, or a projectile fired or thrown with force. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'penetrate' in WordNet: 1. (7) penetrate, perforate - (pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance; 'The bullet penetrated her chest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringaRegion, :PenetratingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RigidObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO :guid "a678be26-b16c-41d7-8896-efa0313d6757" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes penetrations of an Organism's surface, both harmful and (as in injections of medicine) beneficial. This type is an Action, as it is always caused by some agent. The various kinds of injections are specified under 'InjectingOrInfusing' Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalContactMakingEvent (q.v.). This collection includes all #$PhysicalEvents in which a sharp object (say a bullet, stinger, tooth or knife) penetrates the _outer_layer_ of a #$BiologicalLivingObject (in the case of an organism, this will often be its skin). Since this collection includes only the _penetration_ of the outer layer, instances will usually be #$subEvents of, for example, stabbing or puncturing events. Common examples include an animal being scraped by a knife or thorn, a woodpecker penetrating the bark of a tree or a cell wall being penetrated. See #$PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLOWithFn and #$PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLOFn.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PenetratingAnObject, :PiercingSomething . :PenetratingSomething a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SeparationEvent' in which at least a part of one PhysicalObject enters into another PhysicalObject by causing a separation of a surface part of the second PhysicalObject. Entering without causing a separation of a surface is not an instance of this type. The restriction requires that the object penetrated be specified. Note that a penetration of the outer rim of a mostly flat object is also an instance, so that a breach of a wall of an enclosure would be an instance of this type. This type will be mostly used for Events in which something penetrates an Organism, as with bullets penetrating a person, or needles penetrating a person's skin for injections; but this is the most general penetration - a SeparationEvent in which the object 'separated' remains mostly intact, and only a small disruption of the surface occurs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalContactMakingEvent, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPenetrated ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfacePortion ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Penguin :guid "bd58a986-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "penguin1n" ; :wordnet "penguin" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of marine flightless birds native to the #$SouthernHemisphere-Region. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penguin' in WordNet: 1. penguin - (short-legged flightless birds of cold southern especially Antarctic regions having webbed feet and wings modified as flippers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlightlessBird, :Waterfowl . :Penicillin :wnsense "penicillin1n" ; :wordnet "penicillin" ; a :AntibioticType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of several organic chemicals having a particular ring structure including the beta-lactam ring, many of which are useful in medicine as antibacterial agents. The most well-known is penicillin G, also called Benzyl penicillin, used in human medicine; amoxycillin and methicillin are also commonly used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penicillin' in Wordnet: 1. penicillin - (any of various antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds (or produced synthetically) and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antibiotic, :BetaLactam . :Peninsula :guid "bd588f26-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "peninsula1n" ; :wordnet "peninsula" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that ''isSurroundedBy'' does not necessarily imply complete surrounding. ??add a 'mostly surrounded by'??? can anything else use such a relation? CYC: The collection of all peninsulas, or protuberances of geographic land areas into water areas. The width of the connecting neck of a peninsula is less than the length of the peninsula. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peninsula' in WordNet: 1. (1) peninsula - (a large mass of land projecting into a body of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandBody, :LandTopographicalFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :isSurroundedBy ] ; owl:disjointWith :Continent, :Mainland . :Penis :guid "bd58e409-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :MaleAnimal ; :wnsense "penis1n" ; :wordnet "penis" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all penises. An instance of this collection is an external sex #$Organ of a male #$Mammal that is used in #$SexualCopulation and #$Urinating. For a 'Penis'' on a human use subtype ''HumanPenis''. NOTE:WN parent 'erectile organ - (an organ containing erectile tissue)' is not yet in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penis' in Wordnet: 1. penis, phallus, member - (the male organ of copulation ('member' is a euphemism)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalSexOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaleAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Pennant :wnsense "pennant3n", "pennon1n", "streamer3n", "waft1n" ; :wordnet "pennant", "pennon", "streamer", "waft" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pennant'' is a ''Flag'' that has a distinctive non-rectangular shape, especially one that is triangular or 'swallow-tailed'' (having two adjacent parts forming triangles). This aggregates 'pennants' of different shapes. That could be logically distiguished but are all generically called a 'pennant', as well as in some cases some other term. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pennant' in WordNet: 3. pennant, pennon, streamer, waft - (a long flag; often tapering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flag, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectangular ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute ] . :Penny :hasPluralForm "pence", "pennies" ; :hasSingularForm "penny" ; :ldoce "pence", "penny" ; :wnsense "cent1n", "cent2n", "copper2n", "penny1n", "penny2n" ; :wordnet "cent", "copper", "penny" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A coin that represents the smallest unit of currency in some currency systems, such as the British and American, and others. The specific ''Penny''s in each currency would be subtypes. In the US, it is synonymous with 'cent'. At times coins of smaller value, denominated as fractions of a penny (or cent) were minted. The US 'cent' is the subtype ''Cent-US''. The irregular plural 'pence' is included. This sense includes both English and other usages, sense 1 and 2 of 'penny' in Wordnet: 1. (2) penny - (a fractional monetary unit of Ireland and the United Kingdom; equal to one hundredth of a pound) 2. (1) penny, cent, centime - (a coin worth one-hundredth of the value of the basic unit) WN noun 'copper': 2. copper - (a copper penny) WN noun 'cent': 1. (15) cent - (a fractional monetary unit of several countries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coin . :PennyPinching :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "cheeseparing1adj", "close14adj", "penny-pinching1adj" ; :wordnet "cheeseparing", "close", "penny-pinching" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PennyPinching'' is a subtype of ''Frugal'' for someone who is particularly concerned with the price of things bought, looking for the best bargain. NOTE: 'near' is archaic and 'skinny' is not in RHW. Left out here to avoid confusion. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'penny-pinching' in Wordnet: 1. cheeseparing, close, near, penny-pinching, skinny - (giving or spending with reluctance; 'our cheeseparing administration'; 'very close (or near) with his money'; 'a penny-pinching miserly old man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frugal . :PensionPayment :wnsense "pension1n" ; :wordnet "pension" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Pension' is the MoneyObject that is *one* installment paid periodically to a Retiree as one of the types of compensation ('benefits') for some period of Employment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pension' in WordNet: 1. (4) pension - (a regular payment to a person that is intended to allow them to subsist without working) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicPayment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MakingaPensionPayment ] . :Pensioner :wnsense "pensionary1n", "pensioner1n" ; :wordnet "pensionary", "pensioner" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pensioner'' is a ''Recipient'' of (one or usually more) ''PensionPayment''s. Always a ''Retiree''?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pensioner' in WordNet: 1. (1) pensioner, pensionary - (the beneficiary of a pension fund) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Recipient, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PensionPayment ; owl:onProperty :isTheRecipientOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Retired ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pensive :guid "be00fb74-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Meditating ; :wnsense "brood1v", "brooding1adj", "broody1adj", "contemplative1adj", "dwell1v", "meditative1adj", "musing1adj", "pensive1adj", "pondering1adj", "reflective1adj", "ruminative1adj" ; :wordnet "brood", "brooding", "broody", "contemplative", "dwell", "meditative", "musing", "pensive", "pondering", "reflective", "ruminative" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pensive'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue describing a Person who is thinking deeply (''Meditating'') about some topic(s), in an unhurried manner.. CYC: NOTE CYC has this as an'attribute' or a 'feeling' - this type is an Attribute; CTC: A feeling of deep thoughtfulness, reflection, or introspection, and sometimes melancholia. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pensive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) brooding, broody, contemplative, meditative, musing, pensive, pondering, reflective, ruminative - (persistently or morbidly thoughtful) WN verb 'brood': 1. (5) brood, dwell - (think moodily or anxiously about something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive . :Pentagon :wnsense "pentagon3n" ; :wordnet "pentagon" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A five-sided polygon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pentagon' in Wordnet: 3. pentagon - (a five-sided polygon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polygon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "5"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasNumberOfSides ] . :Pentameter :wnsense "pentameter1n" ; :wordnet "pentameter" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an abstract line of Verse with five ''MetricalFoot''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pentameter' in WordNet: 1. pentameter - (a verse line having five metrical feet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LineOfVerse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "5" ; owl:hasValue :MetricalFoot ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Pentane :en "pentane" ; :guid "020d9244-eceb-41d6-9582-dc60f3522f68" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C5H12 ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """C5H12. An alkane with 5 carbon atoms. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkane . :Penthouse :guid "c07be0d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "penthouse1n" ; :wordnet "penthouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An #$ApartmentUnit or #$HotelRoomUnit on the top floor of a building. Such room-units usually rent/sell for a premium, since they can possess extraordinary views of the surrounding cityscape. Note that it makes little or no sense to call a room a #$Penthouse if it is on the top floor of a single-storey, or low-storeyed, building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'penthouse' in WordNet: 1. (1) penthouse - (an apartment located on the top floors of a building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Apartment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TallBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopFloor ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Pentose :guid "be3de075-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C5H10O5 ; :wnsense "pentose1n" ; :wordnet "pentose" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pentose'' is any monosaccharide with five carbon atoms in eah molecule. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pentose' in WordNet: 1. pentose - (any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :Monosaccharide . :PeopleOfaCollege :ldoce "college" ; :wnsense "college1n" ; :wordnet "college" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PeopleOfaCollege' is the collective body of students and faculty at some College. This was created to correspond to sense 1 of 'college' in Wordnet, which seems to be the most common sense: 1. (45) college - (the body of faculty and students of a college) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :CollegeStudent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :CollegeFacultyMember ] . :PeopleSilence :ldoce "silence" ; :wnsense "silence1n" ; :wordnet "silence" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersistentState'' characterized by the absence of people Speaking. NOTE that 'Speaking' is not itself Sound (''Speaking'' produces ''Speech'', which is a SOund) , but this type means that there is no sound of the kind produced by people speaking. This may be elaborated more in an FOL representation. See ''QuietingDown'' and ''SilencingPeople'' for possible causes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silence' in WordNet: 1. (12) silence - (the state of being silent (as when no one is speaking); 'there was a shocked silence'; 'he gestured for silence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Silence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speech ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuietingDown ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SilencingPeople ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :Pepper :ldoce "pepper" ; :wnsense "pepper4n" ; :wordnet "pepper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the type representing individual peppers - the fruit of a pepper plant. The ground pepper used at the table is 'GroundPepper'. Technically each instance of 'Pepper' is an instance of Fruit. In Cyc called 'Pepper-Foodstuff'. Cyc: Foodstuff from the edible fruit of pepper plants. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'pepper' in RHW: 2. any plant of the genus Piper. Cf. pepper family. 3. any of several plants of the genus Capsicum, esp. C. annuum, cultivated in many varieties, or C. frutescens. 4. the usually green or red fruit of any of these plants, ranging from mild to very pungent in flavor. Corresponds approximately to sense 4 of 'pepper' in Wordnet, however, WordNet does not include genus Piper, which is included in this sense. in WordNet: 4. pepper - (sweet and hot varieties of fruits of plants of the genus Capsicum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit, :SolanaceousVegetable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PepperPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PepperPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :PepperOrder :en "pepper order" ; :guid "bd58d43c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The plant Order including Peppers." ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :PepperPlant :guid "c1009b04-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Madagascar pepper1n", "Piper nigrum1n", "black pepper1n", "common pepper1n", "pepper1n", "white pepper1n" ; :wordnet "Madagascar pepper", "Piper nigrum", "black pepper", "common pepper", "pepper", "white pepper" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual pepper plants. This term generically covers green peppers, jalapeno peppers, and all the many other varieties. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pepper' in WordNet: 1. pepper, common pepper, black pepper, white pepper, Madagascar pepper, Piper nigrum - (climber having dark red berries (peppercorns) when fully ripe; southern India and Sri Lanka; naturalized in northern Burma and Assam) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :PepperOrder, :Vegetable-Plant . :PepperShaker :guid "bd588b94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pepper shaker1n" ; :wordnet "pepper shaker" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container for storing and dispensing pepper Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pepper shaker' in WordNet: 1. pepper shaker, pepper box, pepper pot - (a shaker with a perforated top for sprinkling ground pepper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodVessel, :ShakerDispenser, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroundPepper ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Peppercorn :guid "bd58edf3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Dry ; :ldoce "pepper" ; :wnsense "pepper3n", "peppercorn1n" ; :wordnet "pepper", "peppercorn" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of Pepper in the shape of a small berry that has been dried. This is for individual peppercorns, not the ground powder. Corresponds to part of sense 3 of 'pepper' and sense 1 of 'peppercorn' in Wordnet: 3. pepper, peppercorn - (pungent seasoning from the berry of the common pepper plant of East India; use whole or ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PepperPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Pepperoni :guid "bd58ed87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pepperoni1n" ; :wordnet "pepperoni" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Goes on a 'pepperoni pizza', among other foods. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pepperoni' in WordNet: 1. pepperoni - (a pork and beef sausage (or a thin slice of this sausage)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sausage . :PepsiCola :guid "bf142cb2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Pepsi Cola1n", "Pepsi1n" ; :wordnet "Pepsi", "Pepsi Cola" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ This is for the substance ''Pepsi Cola'' - the SodaPop. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Pepsi Cola' in WordNet: 1. Pepsi, Pepsi Cola - (Pepsi Cola is a trademarked cola) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SodaPop . :Peptide :hasUnitObject :PeptideChain ; :wnsense "peptide1n" ; :wordnet "peptide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Peptide'' is a substance consisting of a sequence of amino acids, not necessarily long enough or functional enough to be considered as a ''Protein''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peptide' in WordNet: 1. peptide - (amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biopolymer . :PeptideChain :en "peptide chain" ; :enn "peptide chain" ; :guid "bf8648ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all molecular chains consisting of two or more #$AminoAcids. Instances include both independent molecules (see #$PeptideMolecule) and segments of lengthier #$PeptideMolecules. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalObject, :ChemicalSequence, :Molecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peptide ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :PeptideMolecule :en "peptide molecule" ; :enn "peptide molecule" ; :guid "bed0faa0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of any group of compounds formed from two or more #$AminoAcids by the linkage of amino groups of some of the acids with carboxyl groups of others. Instances can be short or (as in Proteins) of great length. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeptideChain . :PerCentage15-30 :hasLowerLimit "0.15"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "0.70"^^xsd:float ; a :NumberRange . :PerCentage65-70 :hasLowerLimit "0.65"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "0.70"^^xsd:float ; a :NumberRange . :PerSe :wnsense "as such1adv", "in and of itself1adv", "intrinsically1adv", "per se1adv" ; :wordnet "as such", "in and of itself", "intrinsically", "per se" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'per se' in Wordnet: 1. (5) intrinsically, per se, as such, in and of itself - (with respect to its inherent nature; 'this statement is interesting per se') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Perceivable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Perceiving ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Perceiving ; :isTheOppositeOf :Imperceptible ; :wnsense "observable1adj", "perceivable1adj", "perceptible1adj" ; :wordnet "observable", "perceivable", "perceptible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Perceivable' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or Event or of an AttributeValue of some object, that can be perceived by human senses, with or withou the aid of a Device, or by some device acting autonomously. The most useful subtypes will be 'Visible' and 'Audible'. The ability to perceive will depend to some extent on the situation; things that are hidden are not 'Visible' in this sense, and sounds too far away are not 'Audible'. This is the attribute of things that can be perceived by human senses directly. For aspects of ''Perceivable'' things that require some degree of inference or background understanding, use the subtype ''Perceptible''. This AttributeValue and its subtypes are sufficiently dependent on the circumstances and actor(s) to which it applies, that the linguistic terms 'visible' and 'audible' are likely to need a functional procedure to distinguish the senses as applied to specific objects and situations. For example, a particular celestial event may be 'visible to observers having normal vision acuity in the northern hemisphere on Jan 1 2000 in outdoor locations not obscured by cloud cover'. This ontological concept includes all of the 'microsenses' that may be distinguished' NOTE: logical implication is the requirement of the use of the senses - for @FOL version. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perceivable' and those parts of 'perceptible' that refer to perceiving with the human senses in Wordnet: 1. perceivable - (capable of being perceived especially by sight or hearing; 'perceivable through the mist') WN adjective 'perceptible': 1. (1) perceptible - (capable of being perceived by the mind or senses; 'a perceptible limp'; 'easily perceptible sounds'; 'perceptible changes in behavior') WN adj 'observable' (part - for vision only): 1. (2) discernible, evident, observable - (capable of being seen or noticed; 'a discernible change in attitude'; 'a clearly evident erasure in the manuscript'; 'an observable change in behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Detectable . :PerceivableHumanAction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PerceivableHumanAction'' is a ''HumanActivity'' that can be perceived by another Person who is near the one performing the ''PerceivableHumanAction''. This is distinct from internal actions such as thinking or physiological processes. Common examples would be Talking and ''BodyMovementEvent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceivable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Perceived :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Perceiving ; :wnsense "perceived2adj" ; :wordnet "perceived" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Perceived'' is the attribute of anything - an Object or Action including sounds and sensations) that was perceived (detected) by means of the bodily senses - with or without instruments that can amplify signals. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'perceived' in WordNet: 2. perceived - (detected by means of the senses; 'a perceived difference in temperature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PerceivedGlare :en "perceived glare" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PerceivedGlare'' is the ''MentalObject'' created by perceiving a ''Glare''. Can be annoying, and when driving can be dangerous.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerceivedImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glare ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :PerceivedImage :en "perceived image" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PerceivedImage'' is the ''MentalObject'' representing what is seen when perceiving a ''View''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalImagery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Seeing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :View ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Perceiving :eng "perceiving" ; :guid "bd58c31c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "perceive1v", "perception3n", "perception5n" ; :wordnet "perceive", "perception" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$SingleDoerAction and #$InformationTransferPhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$Perceiving is an event in which an agent (an instance of #$PerceptualAgent) acquires information through the exercise of its senses. NOTE: that the thing perceived needs to be ''Perceivable'' - either ''Visible'' or ''Audible'' or feelable. @ToDo: feelable?? includes feeling infrared as well as palpable. COSMO note:most references to perceiving use the more specific types of Perceiving such as 'Seeing' and 'Hearing'. In SUMO called 'Perception' NOTe that in COSMO machines can 'perceive'. SUMO Sensing some aspect of the material world. Note that the agent of this sensing is assumed to be an Animal. This corresponds to senses 3 and 5 of 'perception' in WordNet. Sense 3 in WN is a 'process' and sense 5 is a 'sensory activity'. 'perception' can be both of these, and in COSMO this forms only one concept representation. in WordNet: WN nound 'perception' 3. (4) perception - (the process of perceiving) 5. sensing, perception - (becoming aware of something via the senses) WN verb 'perceive' 1. (27) perceive, comprehend - (to become aware of through the senses; 'I could perceive the ship coming over the horizon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, :IntentionalMentalEvent, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPerceived ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Event :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSenseOrOrgan ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnimalBodyPartType :DeviceType :SensoryCapabilityType ) ] ] . :Perceiving-Involuntary :guid "bfc2df3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Perceiving. Each instance of #$Perceiving-Involuntary is a perceptual event in which an agent involuntarily perceives something (so that each instance of #$Perceiving-Involuntary is _not_ an instance of #$PurposefulAction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving . :Perceiving-Voluntary :en "pay attention", "paying attention" ; :guid "be7798b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "attend", "attention" ; :wnsense "attend5v", "attending1n", "attention1n", "pay heed1adj" ; :wordnet "attend", "attending", "attention", "pay heed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Perceiving-Voluntary is equated in COSMO with the general notion of 'paying attention'. As in Cyc, this includes not merely passive attention to something happening, but also actions in which an Agent must pay attention to surroundings in order to accomplish the purpose of the action. Cyc: A specialization of both #$Perceiving and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary is a perceptual event in which the perceiving agent does not merely passively receive sensory information, but actively filters or directs how it is perceiving. Thus, searching for a set of lost keys would be an instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary, as would straining to hear something, but merely hearing a balloon pop next to one would _not_. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'attention' and includes verb sense 5 of 'attend' (but is broader than WordNet 'attend', being not only listening but any form of voluntary perception): in WordNet: 1. (56) attention, attending - (the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others) WN verb 'attend': 5. (1) attend, hang, advert, pay heed, give ear - (give heed (to); 'The children in the audience attended the recital quietly'; 'She hung on his every word'; 'They attended to everything he said') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :PercentEffectiveness :wnsense "effectiveness1n", "effectivity1n", "effectuality1n", "effectualness1n" ; :wordnet "effectiveness", "effectivity", "effectuality", "effectualness" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute value that specifies that the thing achieves some percentage of an effectiveness criterion. The percentage may be the percentage of times that the criterion is reached in separate trials, or the percentage of the criterion that is reached in some specific Event. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'effectiveness' in WordNet: 1. (11) effectiveness, effectivity, effectualness, effectuality - (power to be effective; the quality of being able to bring about an effect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EffectivenessValue, :PercentageAttributeValue . :PercentNumber a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RationalNumber that expresses a ratio of one quantity to another, multiplied by one hundred. This is distinguished from a pure number only in that it has the dimension 'percent'. For its use to express distributions, see 'PercentageAttribute'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConcentrationMeasure, :DimensionlessRatio . :PercentageAttribute :wnsense "pct1n", "per centum1n", "percent1n", "percentage1n" ; :wordnet "pct", "per centum", "percent", "percentage" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute having some percent intensity, such as percent unemployed (same as UnemploymentRate). It is a type of Attribute in which the quantitative element is a PercentageAttributeValue (represented in COSMO by a number, followed by 'percent', as in {25 percent}. A PercentageAttribute should have an AttributeType that specifies what the percentage is about. The AttributeValue will be an instance of PercentageAttributeValue'. Thus the instance of PercentageAttribute named 'Unemployment5.9pct' might have relations (hasAttributeType Unemployment5.9pct UnemploymentRate) (hasValue Unemployment5.9pct {5.9 percent}). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'percentage' in WordNet: 1. (26) percentage, percent, per centum, pct - (a proportion multiplied by 100) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :PercentageAttributeValue ] . :PercentageAttributeValue a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A QuantitativeAttributeValue consisting of having percentage of some attribute. Each PercentageAttributeValue points to a Percentage, and may have other characteristics, such as specifying how the Percentage was measured.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :percent ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ] . :PercentageMonetaryAmount :FIBO "Percentage Monetary Amount" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FIBO concept, being a quantity of money expressed as a percentage. It is unclear how this is used, so it is a skeleton here. This is a sister node of COSMO 'MoneyMeasure'. NOTE that 'percent' is a ''UnitOfMeasure'', so percents can be represented by any measure that has a general ''UnitOfMeasure'' as its second element. FIBO:subClassOf fibo-fnd-acc-cur;MonetaryMeasure skos-editorialNote: 'This will have a relationship to what it is a percentage of. Alternatively and for some applications of this term, there may be an enumerated list of possible things it is a percentage of.' skos-definition: 'A measure of some amount of money expressed as a percentage of some other amount, some notional amount or some concrete Money Amount.' """ ; rdfs:label "Percentage Monetary Amount" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonetaryMeasure . :Perceptible :wnsense "detectable1adj", "detectable2adj", "noticeable1adj", "obvious1adj", "perceptible2adj", "perceptible3adj" ; :wordnet "detectable", "noticeable", "obvious", "perceptible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Perceptible'' is an AttributeValue things (PhysicalObjects, Events, or of more subtle AttributeValues) that can be perceived by human senses *and* require some degree of inference or understanding, i.e. include the use of the mind not only the senses. e.g. requiring use of the memory: 'perceptible changes in behavior' requiring understanding of the meaning: 'an obvious (or palpable) lie' requiring understanding of behavior: 'a detectable note of sarcasm' requiring understanding of speech patterns and timing: 'he continued after a perceptible pause' 'after a noticeable pause the lecturer continued' The subtype ''Obvious'' is more specific in meaning 'easy to understand', rather than 'easy to perceive' with the senses. Corresponds to parts noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'perceptible' that refer to perceiving with the human senses, and sense 1 of 'palpable' and sense 2 of 'noticeable' and adjective sense 1 of 'obvious' in Wordnet: WN adjective 'perceptible': 1. (1) perceptible - (capable of being perceived by the mind or senses; 'a perceptible limp'; 'easily perceptible sounds'; 'perceptible changes in behavior') 2. perceptible - (easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind; 'a perceptible sense of expectation in the court'; 'an obvious (or palpable) lie') 3. detectable, perceptible - (easily seen or detected; 'a detectable note of sarcasm'; 'he continued after a perceptible pause') WN adjective 'detectable': 1. (7) detectable, noticeable - (capable of being detected; 'after a noticeable pause the lecturer continued') WN adjective 'palpable': 1. (1) palpable, tangible - (capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind; especially capable of being handled or touched or felt; 'a barely palpable dust'; 'felt sudden anger in a palpable wave'; 'the air was warm and close - palpable as cotton') WN adjective 'noticeable': 2. (1) detectable, noticeable - (capable of being detected; 'after a noticeable pause the lecturer continued') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Detectable, :Perceivable, :Significant . :Perceptibly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Perceptible ; :wnsense "noticeably1adv", "observably1adv", "perceptibly1adv" ; :wordnet "noticeably", "observably", "perceptibly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunction, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''perceptibly'' is an adverb whose general sense is 'very noticeably', that is it does not mean that something *barely* perceptibly has some attribute or underwent some event, but easily perceptibly. e.g. 'perceptibly agitated' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'perceptibly' in WordNet: 1. perceptibly, noticeably, observably - (in a noticeable manner; 'he changed noticeably over the years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Perception :isaSynonymOf :Perceiving ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO term for the Cyc 'Perceiving'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Perceptual :isAnAttributeValueOf :Hearing, :Perceiving, :Seeing ; :pertainsTo :Hearing, :Perceiving, :Seeing ; :wnsense "perceptual1adj" ; :wordnet "perceptual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perceptual' in Wordnet: 1. (3) perceptual - (of or relating to the act of perceiving; \"perceptual stimulus\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PerceptualAgent :en "perceptual agent" ; :enn "perceptual agent" ; :guid "bd58a72d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all sentient agents. Instances of #$PerceptualAgent are #$IndividualAgents (q.v.) capable of performing acts of #$Perceiving (q.v.). In many cases information that a perceptual agent gathers through perceiving can influence certain other of the agent's actions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveObject, :IndividualAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbilityToPerceive ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Perch :guid "bd58d8ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "perch1n" ; :wordnet "perch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Perch'' is a resting place for an animal that is somewhat elevated so that the animal can observe things below it or at a distance. This applies mostly to places where birds land,but can apply also to other animals such as cats or squirrels, This is broad - a ''Perch'' can be in any shape as long as it can support some kind of animal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perch' in WordNet: 1. (1) perch - (support consisting of a branch or rod that serves as a resting place (especially for a bird)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingObject . :Perching :en "perching" ; :guid "beeb75e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "perch2v" ; :wordnet "perch" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to the physical (not metaphorical) verb sense 2 of 'perch' in WordNet: 2. alight, light, perch - (to come to rest, settle; 'Misfortune lighted upon him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Landing, :LocomotionEvent-Animal . :PercoidFish :wnsense "percoid fish1n", "percoid1n", "percoidean1n" ; :wordnet "percoid", "percoid fish", "percoidean" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'percoid fish' in WordNet: 1. percoid fish, percoid, percoidean - (any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of the order Perciformes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spiny-finnedFish . :Percussion :wnsense "percussion1n" ; :wordnet "percussion" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'percussion' in WordNet: 1. (1) percussion - (the act of playing a percussion instrument) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingAMusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PercussionEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :PercussionEvent :en "percussion" ; :enn "percussion" ; :wnsense "percuss1v" ; :wordnet "percuss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Percussion' is not in WordNet in this sense, though verb sense 1 of 'percuss' might be relevant at least in part. RHW 'percussion' sense 1: 1. the striking of one body against another with some sharpness; impact; blow. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'percuss' in WordNet: 1. percuss - (strike or tap firmly; \"the doctor percussed his chest and back\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject . :PercussionInstrument :guid "bd5892e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "percussion instrument1n", "percussive instrument1n" ; :wordnet "percussion instrument", "percussive instrument" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Musical instruments which are struck to produce a sound. NOTE: Cyc includes a Piano as a subtype, therefore the SUMO interpretation of having no strings does not apply to this type. The SUMO type should be a subtype. SUMO: A MusicalInstrument which does not have strings and which is played by striking it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'percussion instrument' in WordNet: 1. percussion instrument, percussive instrument - (a musical instrument in which the sound is produced by one object striking another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice, :MusicalInstrument-Acoustic . :PercussionMallet :en "percussion mallet" ; :guid "bee13946-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PercussionMallet'' is a small ''Drumstick' used for playing the xylopone and similar percussion instruments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drumstick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Xylophone ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredInstrumentForAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PeregrineFalcon :guid "be11f14b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "peregrine falcon1n" ; :wordnet "peregrine", "peregrine falcon" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A globally distributed falcon, Falco peregrinus, much used in falconry because of its swift flight: several subspecies are endangered. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Peregrine Falcon' in WordNet: 1. peregrine, peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus - (a widely distributed falcon formerly used in falconry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Falcon . :Perfect :ldoce "perfect" ; :wnsense "ideal1adj", "perfect1adj" ; :wordnet "ideal", "perfect" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Perfect' is an attribute of something that is of a quality that cannot be improved, and lacks none of its desirable components or qualities. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'perfect' and sense 1 of 'ideal' in WordNet: 1. (17) perfect - (being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish; 'a perfect circle'; 'a perfect reproduction'; 'perfect happiness'; 'perfect manners'; 'a perfect specimen'; 'a perfect day') 3. perfect - (precisely accurate or exact; 'perfect timing) WN adjective 'ideal': 1. (9) ideal - (conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an ideal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Complete, :Optimal . :PerfectingSomething :wnsense "hone2v", "perfect1v" ; :wordnet "hone", "perfect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PerfectingSomething'' is a ''RefiningAnAction'' that develops some HumanActivity or some ''ArtifactObject'' to make it more effective or efficient. The result does not have to be ''Perfect'' - for 'optimizing' use subtype ''Optimizing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'perfect' in WordNet: 1. (4) perfect, hone - (make perfect or complete; 'perfect your French in Paris!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :improves ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CapabilityType :ArtifactObjectType :Capability :Skill :HumanActivity ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Practicing ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :PerforatedPaperObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SheetOfPaper'' with one or more ''LineOfPerforation''s. This can be one of those 'tear-the-edges-off' letters that organizations send, or a bill with a portion that can be tormn off and erturned, or a ''RollOfStuff'' separated into smaller sections by ''LineOfPerforation''s to allow tearing off and using only a small part of the roll at one time. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerforatedSheet, :SheetOfPaper . :PerforatedSheet a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FreeSheet'' with one or more ''LineOfPerforation''s, consisting of any solid substance. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreeSheet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LineOfPerforations ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ] . :Performance :guid "c0f4728b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "show3n" ; :wordnet "show" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Performance is a Demonstrating intentionally performed in public to entertain *or* just to convey information to an audience. It may but does not have to include DramaticActing and/or Music and which is intended to entertain the audience (that is the subtype ''EntertainmentPerformance''). For the specifically entertainment 'performance' use 'EntertainmentPerformance' This type includes 'presentations' such as lectures in a classroom, or transmitted by a video display process, as well as presentations at a conference. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'show' in WordNet: WN noun 'show': 3. show - (a social event involving a public performance or entertainment; 'they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :PerformingInFrontOfGroup . :PerformanceBonus :wnsense "bonus2n" ; :wordnet "bonus" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PerformanceBonus'' is a ''Bonus'' that is a sum of money (or liquid MoneyObject,like stock) that was given to an ''Employee'' in addition to what is earned as the normal salary or wage. @mod61 Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bonus' in WordNet: 2. bonus, incentive - (an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of increasing output) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bonus, :MoneyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GivingaPerformanceBonus ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GivingaPerformanceBonus ; owl:onProperty :wasReceivedInAction ] . :PerformanceRecord :ldoce "record" ; :wnsense "record2n", "record5n" ; :wordnet "record" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PerformanceRecord' is a Record (an AbstractSymbolicObject), usually in some formatted form, of some aspects of performance of something - a Person, a machine, a computer program. The more specific sense of sports team win-loss records is represented as the subtype 'WinLossRecord'. Includes noun senses 2, 5, 6, and 7 of 'record' (2, 6, and 7 are represented as subtypes) in WordNet: 5. (75) record, track record - (the sum of recognized accomplishments; 'the lawyer has a good record'; 'the track record shows that he will be a good president') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Record . :PerformanceSpectacle :wnsense "spectacle2n" ; :wordnet "spectacle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PerformanceSpectacle'' is an ''EntertainmentPerformance'' that includes unusual actions, has many performers and uses elaborate props. This is somewhat 'Evaluative', depending on what kinds of performances a person may have seen. A large ''Circus'' would usually qualify. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spectacle' in WordNet: 2. (2) spectacle - (an elaborate and remarkable display on a lavish scale) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LargeGroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Detailed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PerformingArtActivity :en "performing art activity" ; :enn "performing art activity" ; :guid "bfef15b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of activities that #$Artist-Performers do. Its subsets include things like #$Singing, #$DancingProcess-Human, #$DramaticActing, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, etc. What is being captured in this collection are the actions that #$Artist-Performers do, both in preparation for and during a performance. For the collection of performace events, see #$EntertainmentPerformance. NOTE that this is a subtype of ''ShowingSomething'' and a significant part of a ''PerformingArtActivity'' must be the visual scenes created, not just sounds, as in a ''MusicalPerformance''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtActivity, :CulturalThing, :EntertainmentPerformance, :HumanActivity, :InformationBearingThing, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :ShowingSomething . :PerformingInFrontOfGroup :wnsense "perform3v" ; :wordnet "perform" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Performance of some Action in front of a Group, which may be for any purpose. This can small-scale or informal. A more formal *public* performance in front of a GroupOfPeople is represented under the subtype ''Performing'' which includes as subtypes ''PublicSpeaking'' and ''EntertainmentPerformace''s and ''Presentation''s. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'performing' in WordNet: 3. (19) perform - (give a performance (of something); 'Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight'; 'We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Demonstrating . :PerformingSomeAction :ldoce "do", "make" ; :nsm "do" ; :wnsense "carry out1v", "conduct1v", "do1v", "do2v", "do3v", "execute6v", "make1v", "perform1v", "perform2v" ; :wordnet "carry out", "conduct", "do", "execute", "make", "perform" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PerformingSomeAction' is a type whose instances are LogicalFunctions ('did', 'performed', 'executed') that take a nominalized term referring to some Action, and return that Action. This is primarily a representation of a grammatical device in English that expresses actions with phrases like 'he did a good job'; 'he performed his tasks', 'she executed a perfect dismount' - converting a nominalized action into a verbal representation of it. In some cases, the thing 'done' may be a term that represents an Obligation, such as 'he performed his duties well' - where the Obligation refers indirectly to an Action, and the interpretation is that 'he performed the actions required by his duty'. @ToDo - the representation of an action as an 'execution' of an Action involves logical redundancy, but is motivated by linguistic usage. Whether there is any logical difference, e.g., between 'doing a dance' and 'dancing' is not yet (rev 829) resolved in COSMO. The transformation of linguistic expressions involving 'perform' words (perform, do, execute, make, carry out) into instances of Actions needs to be handled by the linguistic processor. NOTE that some of the words referring to 'performing' an Action can also refer to 'performing' ('carrying out') a procedure , but that more specific sense is represented by ''ExecutingaProcedure'' and requires specifying the ''Procedure) (or ''Plan'') carried out. In a sense, 'performing an action' and just 'acting' are the same Event, but the linguistic use of 'performing' creates a separate view of the Event: 'he danced' and 'he performed a dance' focus on different views of an Event that are not (as of v 0.52) distinguished in COSMO. The use of 'perform' has some of the feeling of specifying a FunctionalProcess that results in a completed Event - @ToDo: but this is not yet axiomatized here. For the case where a task, obligation, or assigned function is performed, use the subtype 'CarryingOutaTask'. For actions in which one agent directs the actions of another, use 'DirectingAnAgent' or a subtype. There are three senses of 'do' in WordNet that are difficult to distinguish. One possibility will be to distinguish between nominalized specific actions ('did a dance') and words that reference actions indirectly ('did his job', 'did her duty'). As of v0.50 rev 681, these distinctions are not made in COSMO. The sense of 'run' used in 'run a test' or 'run an experiment' or 'run a program on a computer' is included in this COSMO type. The last would also be an instance of 'OperatingaPoweredDevice' (i.e. the computer) This includes three of the verb senses of 'do' and parts of senses 13 and 16 of 'run' and noun sense 2 of 'execution' and verb sense 1 of 'carry out' and part of sense 1 of 'conduct' (as in 'conduct an experiment/test') in Wordnet: 1. (526) make, do - (engage in; 'make love, not war'; 'make an effort'; 'do research'; 'do nothing'; 'make revolution') 2. (173) perform, execute, do - (carry out or perform an action; 'John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters'; 'the skater executed a triple pirouette'; 'she did a little dance') 3. (134) do, perform - (get (something) done; 'I did my job') WN verb 'run' 13. (3) run, execute - (carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine; 'Run the dishwasher'; 'run a new program on the Mac'; 'the computer executed the instruction') 16. (3) run - (cause to perform; 'run a subject'; 'run a process') WN noun 'execution' 2. (2) performance, execution, carrying out, carrying into action - (the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it; 'they criticised his performance as mayor'; 'experience generally improves performance') WN 'carry out' 1. (26) carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil - (put in effect; 'carry out a task'; 'execute the decision of the people'; 'He actioned the operation') WN verb 'conduct' 1. (46) conduct, carry on, deal - (direct the course of; manage or control; 'You cannot conduct business like this') WN verb 'perform': 2. (19) perform - (perform a function; 'Who will perform the wedding?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadActionPerformed ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ] . :Perfume :guid "bd58ca7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "perfume1n" ; :wordnet "perfume" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC A substance with a pleasing odor, used by people to make themselves or their surroundings smell nice. Perfumes are usually mixtures of substances derived from plants and sometimes from animal products, and are often solutions of these things in alcohol-ethanol. NOTE: this includes as subtypes fragrant oils ad solutions like ''Cologne'' that are not technically considered as 'perfume' by some vendors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perfume' in Wordnet: 1. (5) perfume, essence - (a toiletry that emits and diffuses a fragrant odor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :Mixture, :OrganicSubstance, :ToiletrySubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fragrant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fragrance ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Perfumery :wnsense "perfumery3n" ; :wordnet "perfumery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a building where ''Pefume'' is produced. NOTE: 'createsObject' can point to substances. NOTE: as a subtype of 'ManufacturingFacility', each instance must specify the object (or object made of a substance) manufactored in it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perfumery' in WordNet: 3. perfumery - (an establishment where perfumes are made) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :ManufacturingFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perfume ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :Pericardium :guid "be808b80-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pericardium1n" ; :wordnet "pericardium" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pericardia. Each #$Vertebrate (except some #$Fish) possess one #$Pericardium, which is a membranous sac (#$Sac-Organic) enclosing the #$Heart. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pericardium' in Wordnet: 1. pericardium - (a serous membrane with two layers that surrounds the heart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :Sac-Organic, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heart ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :Pericarp :wnsense "pericarp1n", "seed vessel1n" ; :wordnet "pericarp", "seed vessel" ; a :CoveringType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pericarp' in WordNet: 1. pericarp, seed vessel - (the ripened and variously modified walls of a plant ovary) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ovoid, :Shell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantOvary ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seed ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :Perineum :guid "bdc1d287-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "perineum1n" ; :wordnet "perineum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This is the collection of perineums, that area of body extending from the in front of the anus to the fourchette in the female and to the scrotum in the male. This collection includes the perineums of any animal that has such. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perineum' in WordNet: 1. perineum - (the general region between the anus and the genital organs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mammal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnusAndGenitalia ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Period :ldoce "period" ; :wnsense "period6n" ; :wordnet "period" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Period' is a 'PunctuationMark' that signals the end of a sentence, but is typographically (in English) indistinguishable from a decimalpoint. In Japanese writing, the two symbols are distinct. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'period' in WordNet: 6. (3) period, point, full stop, stop, full point - (a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations; 'in England they call a period a stop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark . :Periodic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event, :EventType ; :wnsense "periodic1adj", "periodic2adj", "periodic3adj", "periodical1adj" ; :wordnet "periodic", "periodical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The EventAttributeValue ''Periodic'' characterizes Events that recur at intervals that may be regular or only occasional, with variable or constant intervals of time between them. Examples are school sessions or organization meetings. Includes all 3 adjective senses 1 of 'periodic' in WordNet: 1. (5) periodic, periodical - (happening or recurring at regular intervals) 2. (2) periodic - (recurring at regular intervals) 3. periodic - (recurring or reappearing from time to time; 'periodic feelings of anxiety') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventAttributeValue . :PeriodicCharge :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "fixed charge1n", "fixed cost1n", "fixed costs1n" ; :wordnet "fixed charge", "fixed cost", "fixed costs" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fixed charge' in WordNet: 1. fixed charge, fixed cost, fixed costs - (a periodic charge t hat does not vary with business volume (as insurance or rent or mortgage payments etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoneyCharges, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bill-PaymentRequest ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ] . :PeriodicEvent :wnsense "periodic event1n", "recurrent event1n" ; :wordnet "periodic event", "recurrent event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PeriodicEvent' is an Event that recurs at certain intervals of time, which may be variable to some extent. Examples are school sessions or organization meetings. These Events do not have to be Actions - the periodic eruption of 'Old Faithful' and other geysers is an example of this type Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'periodic event' in WordNet: 1. periodic event, recurrent event - (an event that recurs at intervals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Periodic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PeriodicPayment :en "periodic payment" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PeriodicPayment' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is paid at intervals of time, usually for some Right (such as the Right to use an apartment or automobile), or Obligation (such as a aloan payment) or money received as a Pension, and other types.. This is not the payment event, but the MoneyObject transferred in a Payment Event. This includes income and rentals and interest and royalty payments. In some cases, as with royalty payment, the amount may not be the same for each payment. NOTE that the range of the restriction is a 'TimeIntervalType', e.g. Month, Year, Day; if some non-standard time interval is used for some PeriodicPayment, that type will have to be created as a subtype of 'RecurringTmeInterval'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaymentAmount, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :InstallmentPayment ] . :PeriodicTable :en "periodic table of the elements" ; :enn "periodic table of the elements" ; :wnsense "periodic table1n" ; :wordnet "periodic table" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wikipedia (20201210): The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of elements, arranges the chemical elements such as hydrogen, silicon, iron, and uranium according to their recurring properties. The number of each element corresponds to the number of protons in its nucleus (which is the same as the number of electrons orbiting that nucleus). The modern periodic table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical reactions, and is widely used in chemistry, physics and other sciences. The seven rows of the table, called periods, generally have metals on the left and nonmetals on the right. The columns, called groups, contain elements with similar chemical behaviours. Six groups have accepted names as well as assigned numbers: for example, group 17 elements are the halogens; and group 18 are the noble gases. Also displayed are four simple rectangular areas or blocks associated with the filling of different atomic orbitals. The organization of the periodic table can be used to derive relationships between the properties of the various elements, and to predict chemical properties and behaviours of undiscovered or newly synthesized elements. NOTe; IN COSMO the columns are called ''ElementGroup''s and the rows are called ''ElementPeriod''s. NOTE that both columns and rows are treated as 'list elements', viewing the table from left to right and then from top to bottom. (can this be done??) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'periodic table' in WordNet: 1. periodic table - (a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements according to atomic number as based on the periodic law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoDimensionalTable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElementPeriod ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "18" ; owl:hasValue :ElementGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :PeriodicalCopy :guid "bd58e669-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of a physical, printed periodical (e.g. newspaper, magazine, journal) the physical object, not the informational content.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paper-IBO, :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PeriodicalIssue ] . :PeriodicalIssue :guid "c0bba711-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "issue2n", "number7n" ; :wordnet "issue", "number" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the abstract text, not the PhysicalObject. Cyc: The collection of all static textual #$MediaProducts that are part of a #$PeriodicalSeries. Many copies are made of each #$PeriodicalIssue, the individual copies being instances of #$PeriodicalCopy. Until the 1990s, the copies were made of #$Paper, while since the 1990s copies of instances of #$PeriodicalIssue were sometimes also (or solely) being distributed over #$ComputerNetworks. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'issue' in WordNet: 2. (104) issue, number - (one of a series published periodically; 'she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropositionalConceptualWork, :PublishedMaterial . :PeriodicalPublisher :en "periodical publisher", "publisher of periodicals" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PeriodicalPublisher'' is a ''PeriodicalPublisher'' that publishes ''PeriodicalSeries'' (newspapers, magazines, journals). This includes on-line publishing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MediaOrganization, :Publisher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PeriodicalSeries ; owl:onProperty :hasCommercialProduct ] . :PeriodicalSeries :guid "6c35fa6a-61ce-11d6-8000-0090279a5907", "bda8a964-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "periodical1n" ; :wordnet "periodical" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that this is the Group of abstract documents represented by the physical periodical issues. This is an AbstractObject consisting of all of the abstract ''PeriodicalIssue''s in the series. A subset would be a sister type. NOTE:it is unclear what the difference is between CYC 'Periodical' and CYC 'PeriodicalSeries' (perhaps all the issues versus some subset of issues? e.g. one 'volume' of a periodical?) - these two have been merged in this type. CYC 'Periodical': The collection of (abstract) periodicals, this will be a Group of issues. SUMO: A Series whose elements are published separately and on a periodic basis. Cyc: The collection of all static textual #$MediaSeriesProducts that come out on a regular basis. The #$PeriodicalSeries is not created at one time, but #$PeriodicalIssue are produced on a somewhat regular basis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'periodical' in Wordnet: 1. (4) periodical - (a publication that appears at fixed intervals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Product, :PublishedMaterial, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PeriodicalIssue ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PeriodicalTopic :en "periodical topic" ; :enn "periodical topic" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PeriodicalTopic' is a Topic that has actually occurred as the topic of an article that has actually occurred in some periodical, which may be print or electronic periodical (or both). A periodical is some publication that is published at (more or less) regular intervals, and includes series of books on topics, such as 'The Annual Review of Biochemistry'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Topic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeriodicalIssue ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ] . :Periodically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Periodic ; :wnsense "periodically1adv" ; :wordnet "periodically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Periodically' is an adverb having the general meaning of 'ocurring at intervals'. This can modify assertions to assert that the Events described occur more than once, at some unspecified interval of time. NOTE: this is broader than the WN gloss, characterizing Events that can occur at regular intervals. NOTE: 'sporadically' is a subAdverb. Includes but is broader than adverb sense 1 of 'periodically' in Wordnet: 1. (3) sporadically, periodically - (in a sporadic manner; 'he only works sporadically') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Perishable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Spoiling ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Spoiling ; :wnsense "perishable1adj" ; :wordnet "perishable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Tendency of a material such as tissue to decompose. The implication is that redcuing the temperature or ferezing will retared the decomposition process. Meat is the prototype perishable substance; fruit is less perishable but still in the 'perishable' category. Live animals or plants can be considered in a sense perishable, but only if considered as freight, or as something being stored. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perishable' in Wordnet: 1. perishable - (liable to perish; subject to destruction or death or decay; 'this minute and perishable planet'; 'perishable foods such as butter and fruit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unstable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spoiling ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo ] . :Peritoneum :guid "be327bd9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "peritoneum1n" ; :wordnet "peritoneum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all peritonea. An instance of this collection is a membranous sac in the #$AbdominalCavity which wraps the abdominal #$Organs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peritoneum ' in Wordnet: 1. peritoneum - (a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :Sac-Organic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :PerjuredTestimony :en "perjured testimony" ; :enn "perjured testimony" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PerjuredTestimony'' is a type of of \"Testimony''' that is a ''Lie'', produced by ''Perjury'' (lying while under oath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Testimony, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Perjury ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perjury ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Perjury :wnsense "bearing false witness1n", "lying under oath1n", "perjury1n" ; :wordnet "bearing false witness", "lying under oath", "perjury" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Perjury'' is a type of lying while being under oath. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perjury' in WordNet: 1. perjury, bearing false witness, lying under oath - (criminal offense of making false statements under oath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crime, :Lying, :Testifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PerjuredTestimony ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Permanent :isTheOppositeOf :Temporary ; :wnsense "permanent1adj", "permanent2adj" ; :wordnet "permanent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Permanent'' is an attribute that specifies that some thing (state or object) can or is likely to last indefinitely. In some contexts, this may mean that a title or position lasts only as long as th position itself lasts. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'permanent' in WordNet: 1. (13) permanent, lasting - (continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place; 'permanent secretary to the president'; 'permanent address'; 'literature of permanent value') 2. permanent - (not capable of being reversed or returned to the original condition; 'permanent brain damage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongLasting . :PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent is a RoleCreatedByEvent that persists with an Object indefinitely, as long as the Object that filled that Role in that Event continues to exist. Examples are the Role of Creator of some conceptual work, and the Role of BirthMOther.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoleCreatedByEvent . :PermanentWorldPeace :hasSubjectOfState :Earth ; :hasTemporalLocation ; :isDesiredBy :Einstein ; :isDesiredIn :EinsteinsWishForWorldPeace ; :occurredAt :Earth ; :occurredLaterThan ; a :DesiredFutureSituation, :Peace, :WorldPeace ; rdfs:comment """The state of 'WorldPeace' in which there are friendly relations among all nations that make present and future war at least highly improbable, if not impossible. This is a state desired by many people, particularly by pacifists and Miss America contestants. Here for debugging, Einstein is considered such a pacifist. """ . :Permanently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Permanent ; :wnsense "for good1adv", "permanently1adv" ; :wordnet "for good", "permanently" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Permanently'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that specifies that the state or process described lasts indefinitely into the future. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'permanently' in WordNet: 1. (4) permanently, for good - (for a long time without essential change; 'he is permanently disabled') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Permeability :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Permeable ; :wnsense "permeability1n", "permeableness1n" ; :wordnet "permeability", "permeableness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Permeability'' is a Quality of a SolidObject (or of a substance of which such SolidObjects are composed) that is ''Porous'' with the pores forming channels through the material so that a liquid can pss through.. ''Permeability'' is the nominalized form of ''Permeable'' - things that *are* ''Permeable'' *have* ''Permeability''. \"porous\" contrastsWith rdf:resource=\"#Impermeability\"/ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'permeability' in WordNet: 1. permeability, permeableness - (the property of something that can be pervaded by a liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Porosity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Permeable ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Permeable :guid "be00a79a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Permeating ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Permeating ; :wnsense "permeable1adj" ; :wordnet "permeable" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a SolidObject (or of a substance of which such SolidObjects are composed) that may be flat or three-dimensional, but in either case has gaps between parts that appear (in flat objects) as holes through the SolidObject, or in more three-dimensional objects (such as sponges), form holes into which gas or liquid may permeate. ncontrast with just 'Porous' the holes must form channels that penetrate through the object so that liquids can filter or percolate through. CYC: #$Permeability is the capacity for a material to transmit fluids into or completely through its body. It is measured by the rate of volume at which a fluid of unit #$Viscosity passes through a unit cross section of the material under a unit #$Pressure gradient. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'permeable' in Wordnet: 1. permeable - (allowing fluids or gases to pass or diffuse through; 'permeable membranes'; 'rock that is permeable by water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Porous . :Permeating :CYC "Permeation" ; :guid "bd588689-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diffuse2v", "imbue1v", "interpenetrate2v", "penetrate7v", "permeate1v", "permeation1n", "pervade1v", "pervasion1n", "riddle4v", "suffusion1n" ; :wordnet "diffuse", "imbue", "interpenetrate", "penetrate", "permeate", "permeation", "pervade", "pervasion", "riddle", "suffusion" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Permeation': The expansion and/or translation of some stuff into some area or across some barrier, e.g. an odor in a room, wetness coming through a sponge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'permeate' in WordNet: 1. (2) permeate, pervade, penetrate, interpenetrate, diffuse, imbue, riddle - (spread or diffuse through; 'An atmosphere of distrust has permeated this administration'; 'music penetrated the entire building'; 'His campaign was riddled with accusations and personal attacks') WN noun 'permeation': 1. permeation, pervasion, suffusion - (the process of permeating or infusing something with a substance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diffusing, :Mixing . :Permission :en "authorization" ; :ldoce "permission" ; :wnsense "permission1n" ; :wordnet "permission" ; a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Permission is any Right to do something granted by an Authority that could refuse to grant that Right. The Right is granted in a 'GrantingPermission' Event. The term 'authorization' is used in a similar sense to 'permission' but in some cases it suggests an 'official' (governmental?) authority doing the permitting. RHW non sense 2 of 'authorization': 2. permission or power granted by an authority; sanction. It is added here to cover that usage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'permission' in WordNet: 1. (5) permission - (approval to do something; 'he asked permission to leave') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :GrantingPermission ] . :Permitted :en "allowed", "permitted" ; :envp "allowed", "permitted" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :GrantingPermission ; :isTheOppositeOf :Forbidden ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ permitted """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PeromyscusGenus :en "Peromyscus" ; :enn "Peromyscus" ; :guid "7621c850-adaa-11d7-96a2-0002b3a84f94" ; a :BiologicalGenus, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of species of #$Mouse-Rodent, common in North America.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mouse . :Peroxide :hasComponentSubstance :Oxygen ; :wnsense "peroxide2n" ; :wordnet "peroxide" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Peroxide'' is any ChemicalCompound that has a ''PeroxideGroup'' as part of its structure. This can be for organic or inorganic substances, and is therefore not a subclass of ''Oxide'' (inorganic only). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'peroxide' in WordNet: 2. peroxide - (an inorganic compound containing the divalent ion -O-O-) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance . :PeroxideGroup :en "peroxide group" ; :enn "peroxide group" ; a :ChemicalObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PeroxideGroup'' is a Group of two ''Oxygen'' atoms linked to each other by a single bond, and each atom either linked to some other atom by a single bond or in an ionized or radical form. NOTE: as a ''Group'' the bonds of the component Oxygen atoms must be expressed as a property of the Group, unless they are included as a componentElement of the Group. Neither manner is logically specified here. @ToDo. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalMoiety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :OxygenAtom ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Perpendicular :wnsense "perpendicular1adj" ; :wordnet "perpendicular" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perpendicular' in Wordnet: 1. perpendicular - (intersecting at or forming right angles; 'the axes are perpendicular to each other') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :PerpendicularLine :en "perpendicular line" ; :wnsense "perpendicular1n" ; :wordnet "perpendicular" ; a :ObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: a ''PerpendicularLine'' is ''Perpendicular'' to another ''StraightLine''. This relation should be expressed here, but the CYC relation 'PerpendicularTo' has not yet been represented in COSMO. Should be added when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perpendicular' in WordNet: 1. perpendicular - (a straight line at right angles to another line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StraightLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perpendicular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PerpetuatingSomething :wnsense "perpetuate1v" ; :wordnet "perpetuate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'perpetuate' in WordNet: 1. (10) perpetuate - (cause to continue or prevail; 'perpetuate a myth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SustainingAnActivity, :Translocation . :Perplexed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Perplexing ; :wnsense "perplexed1adj" ; :wordnet "perplexed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perplexed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) perplexed - (full or difficulty or confusion or bewilderment; 'perplexed language'; 'perplexed state of the world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Perplexing :wnsense "amaze2v", "baffle1v", "beat22v", "bewilder1v", "dumbfound1v", "flummox1v", "get33v", "gravel3v", "mix up2v", "mystify1v", "nonplus1v", "perplex1v", "pose6v", "puzzle1v", "stick17v", "stump1v", "stupefy2v", "vex5v" ; :wordnet "amaze", "baffle", "beat", "bewilder", "dumbfound", "flummox", "get", "gravel", "mix up", "mystify", "nonplus", "perplex", "pose", "puzzle", "stick", "stump", "stupefy", "vex" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'perplex' in WordNet: 1. perplex, vex, stick, get, puzzle, mystify, baffle, beat, pose, bewilder, flummox, stupefy, nonplus, gravel, amaze, dumbfound - (be a mystery or bewildering to; 'This beats me!'; 'Got me-I don't know the answer!'; 'a vexing problem'; 'This question really stuck me') WN verb 'stump': 1. (1) stump, mix up - (cause to be perplexed or confounded; 'This problem stumped her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CauseConfusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Puzzled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Persecuting :CYC "Persecution" ; :guid "bfe2c951-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oppress2v", "oppression1n", "persecute1v", "persecution1n" ; :wordnet "oppress", "oppression", "persecute", "persecution" ; a :ActionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Persecution': A specialization of #$HostileSocialAction. Each instance of #$Persecution is a hostile event in which a person or group of persons is subject to oppression or harassment in virtue of their race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or beliefs. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'persecute' in WordNet: 1. (2) persecute, oppress - (cause to suffer; 'Jews were persecuted in the former Soviet Union') WN noun 'persection': 1. (3) persecution - (the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)) WN noun 'opression': 1. (1) oppression, subjugation - (the act of subjugating by cruelty; 'the tyrant's oppression of the people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnnoyingEvent, :HostileSocialAction, :MistreatingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Repeated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Persevering :en "persisting" ; :wnsense "hang in1v", "hang on2v", "hold on3v", "persevere1v", "persist2v" ; :wordnet "hang in", "hang on", "hold on", "persevere", "persist" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Persevering'' is a ''PersistingEvent'' in which the effort required to continue is substantial and often causes the Action to be discontinued.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'persevere' in WordNet: 1. (1) persevere, persist, hang in, hang on, hold on - (be persistent, refuse to stop; \"he persisted to call me every night\"; \"The child persisted and kept asking questions\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :PersistingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExtendingaTimeInterval ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Persistent :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :Relenting ; :wnsense "persistent1adj", "relentless2adj", "unrelenting2adj" ; :wordnet "persistent", "relentless", "unrelenting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Persistent'' is an attribute of a Person who continues to act in spite of difficulties. . @ToDo: needs a type ''persisting Action' for the Person with this attribute to Perform. NOTE: the 'the relentless beat of the drums' should have attribute ''Steady'' or ''PersistingForHours''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'persistent' in Wordnet: 1. (10) persistent, relentless, unrelenting - (never-ceasing; 'the relentless beat of the drums') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistingForHours, :PersonTraitValue . :PersistentState :ldoce "state", "stay", "thing" ; :wnsense "remain1v", "remain2v", "situation1n", "situation2n", "situation3n", "state4n", "stay2v", "temporary state1n", "thing1n" ; :wordnet "remain", "situation", "state", "stay", "temporary state", "thing" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState is an Event in which all represented attributes or relations (any one or more 'fluents' in PSL) remains constant over some time interval. Representing this state does not imply that nothing is going on or changing over that time interval, but that the represented attributes remain constant over that time interval. A PersistentState cannnot also be a ''BecomingEvent'' (where something represented changes), but can have a ''BecomingEvent'' as a subEvent. For example, a person can be represented as being in a 'sitting state' even though s/he may be doing many things in that interval of time. An agent can be doing things during a PersistentState, as long as the relevant attribute(s) that characterize the state remain constant (within some degree of tolerance) during all parts of the state, within some level of granularity. It is possible that there are events that are not themselves 'PersistentState''s and are subevents of a PersistentState. For example, a repetitive action may continue during the time the PersistentState is in effect; an alternating current can be changing its voltage with any frequency, but as long as it can be said to be 'flowing' then it can be represented as a PersistentState. A Volcano can be 'in eruption' and lava be flowing, and that can be represented as a PersistentState. These *subevents* themselves can be represented as 'change'events (''BecomingEvent''s) that are disjoint with a ''PersistentState''. Thus a ''PersistentState'' can have necessarily included subEvents that are not themselves ''PersistentState''s. One common use of this concept in COSMO is to represent ''Feeling''s and the notion of 'having an attribute'. When relevant, the AttributeVales that are characteristic of a ''PersistentState'' can be pointed to by the relation: (PersistentState) isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute (AttributeValue) and when relevant, the inverse can point from the Attribute to the state: (AttributeValue) isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing (PersistentState) NOTE that the restriction requires that for any instance of such a 'PersistentState', the entity that is in that state be specified. A special limiting subtype would be an InstantaneousState, for which the time interval is of zero duration. A PersistentState can be represented even though some attributes of a system may be changing, if the knowledge enterer chooses to focus only on those attributes that are **not changing**, and does not represent the attributes that are changing. The salient thing that is not changing is pointed to by the relation ''hasSubjectOfState''. NOTE That if an Object is specified as ''HavingAnAttribute'' during some interval of time, that is equivalent to specifying the existence of a PersistentState for that Object during that interval. This can be explicitly represented by relation ''hasSubjectOfState'' NOTE: If a situation that otherwise appears to be a ''PersistentState'' has intervals in it, when the *necessary* properties asserted for the Event do not apply, then such an Event is represented by ''DiscontinuousEvent'' There are Many Events that have small pauses when nothing is happening, but are still considered intuitively as continuous. The ontologist then needs decide whether there would be a logical contradiction if such an Event were represented as 'Persistent'. NOTE also that representing a PersistentState in which some attribute(s) remain constant over some interval of time does *not* imply that there are no attributes that change. A person sitting in a chair can be represented as in the persistent state of sitting, while at the same time many internal biological proceses may be going on. The meaning of ''PersistentState'', as well as for Events generally, only extends to those attributes (or fluents) that are explicitly represented in (or logically inferred from) the represented description of the specific type or instance of Event/PersistentState. NOTE that the relation ''isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute'' is used to relate states to AttributeValues that (by definition) continue during that state. Such a subproperty can be created if enough need arises to distinguish that relation from the more generic The inverse relation already exists: ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing'' Related concepts: Trait PersistentState(Feeling/HavingAnAttribute) AttributeValue Trait isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait Trait AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing PersistentState(any EventType) AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling Feeling Feeling isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue COSMO note: linguistically, the existence of a PersistentState may be expressed by asserting a 'state', 'condition' or 'situation', or by using a verb or an adjective. One can say 'the airplane was flying for three hours'; 'the balloon stayed in the air several days'; 'Tom remained sitting during the party'; 'his face was red for five minutes'; 'He was angry for a week'; 'the motor ran continuously for a week'. NOTE: 'State' is an ambiguous term with at least two frequently used but different meanings; it is synonymous with two terms: (1) PersistentState: A state of affairs that persists over some period of time is what is most commonly referred to as a 'state', if one includes the special case where the interval is zero, i.e. the 'state' is the state at a particular moment. (2) A Nation, or the first administrative subdivision of a Nation.. A less common meaning would be an AbstractState, such as the modeled 'state' of a computation in some computer program or algorithm. when it is being considered as a mathematical or computational abstraction, rather than the actual physical state in a physical computer. For this last, see 'AbstractState'. Therefore 'State' is a potentially confusing and deprecated term in COSMO and appears only in the tag list for the different types. COSMO note: DOLCE has a convoluted description of what a 'State' is. For COSMO, a PersistentState (what appears to be a 'State' in DOLCE) it is very simply an Event in which none of the represented attributes change over some interval of time - - i.e. nothing changes that the knowledge enterer considers significant for her/his purposes. This can be viewed as the limiting case of an Event, in which so little of significance happens that it is not worth mentioning. Or, it can be simply the representation of certain attributes of a system that are not changing, while ignoring other attributes that may be changing. DOLCE: Within stative occurrences, we distinguish between states and processes according to homeomericity: sitting is classified as a state but running is classified as a process, since there are (very short) temporal parts of a running that are not themselves runnings.In general, states differ from situations because they are not assumed to have a description from which they depend. They can be sequenced by some course, but they do not require a description as a unifying criterion.On the other hand, at any time, one can conceive a description that asserts the constraints by which a state of a certain type is such, and in this case, it becomes a situation.Since the decision of designing an explicit description that unifies a perdurant depends on context, task, interest, application, etc., when aligning an ontology to DLP, there can be indecision on where to align a state-oriented class. For example, in the WordNet alignment, we have decided to put only some physical states under 'state', e.g. 'turgor', in order to stress the social orientedness of DLP. But whereas we need to talk explicitly of the criteria by which we conceive turgor states, these will be put under 'situation'.Similar considerations are made for the other types of perdurants in DOLCE. A different notion of event (dealing with change) is currently investigated for further developments: being 'achievement', 'accomplishment', 'state', 'event', etc. can be also considered 'aspects' of processes or of parts of them. For example, the same process 'rock erosion in the Sinni valley' can be conceptualized as an accomplishment (what has brought the current state that e.g. we are trying to explain), as an achievement (the erosion process as the result of a previous accomplishment), as a state (if we collapse the time interval of the erosion into a time point), or as an event (what has changed our focus from a state to another).In the erosion case, we could have good motivations to shift from one aspect to another: a) causation focus, b) effectual focus, c) condensation d) transition (causality). If we want to consider all the aspects of a process together, we need to postulate a unifying descriptive set of criteria (i.e. a 'description'), according to which that process is circumstantiated in a 'situation'. The different aspects will arise as a parts of a same situation. Includes noun senses 4 of 'state', senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'situation' sense 1 of 'thing' and part of verb sense 1 of 'stay' and senses 1 and 2 of 'remain', in WordNet and includes verb sense 2 of 'stay' which is more specifically represented by the COSMO subtype 'RemainingInaLocation': in WordNet: 4. (142) state - (the way something is with respect to its main attributes; 'the current state of knowledge'; 'his state of health'; 'in a weak financial state') WN verb 'stay': 1. (43) stay, remain, rest - (stay the same; remain in a certain state; 'The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it'; 'rest assured'; 'stay alone'; 'He remained unmoved by her tears'; 'The bad weather continued for another week') 2. (32) stay, stick, stick around, stay put - (stay put (in a certain place); 'We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati'; 'Stay put in the corner here!'; 'Stick around and you will learn something!') WN noun 'situation': 1. (65) situation, state of affairs - (the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; 'the present international situation is dangerous'; 'wondered how such a state of affairs had come about'; 'eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation'- Franklin D.Roosevelt) 2. (19) situation, position - (a condition or position in which you find yourself; 'the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils'; 'found herself in a very fortunate situation') 3. situation - (a complex or critical or unusual difficulty; 'the dangerous situation developed suddenly'; 'that's quite a situation'; 'no human situation is simple') WN noun 'thing': 1. (404) thing - (a special situation; 'this thing has got to end'; 'it is a remarkable thing') WN noun 'temporary state': 1. temporary state - (a state that continues for a limited time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :stative_DOLCE, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Continued ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steady ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :BecomingEvent . :PersistingEvent :en "endurance" ; :eng "enduring", "lasting", "persisting", "surviving" ; :ldoce "last" ; :wnsense "die hard1v", "endure6v", "endure7v", "hold21v", "last1v", "last2v", "persist1v", "prevail3v", "survival1n", "survive1v" ; :wordnet "die hard", "endure", "hold", "last", "persist", "prevail", "survival", "survive" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PersistingEvent' is an 'PersistentState'' in which some (subject of the state = 'patient') Object persists (continues to exist) in our 'Real World') in some sense over some period of time, including just 'staying alive'. This is distinguished from ''Occurrence'' in the an ''Occurrence'' need not be an ''PersistingEvent'', it can be a change (''BecomingEvent''). What distinguishes a ''PersistingEvent'' from its parent type ''PersistentState'' in addition to being a subtype of ''RealExistence'', is that in a ''PersistingEvent'' there may be *something* significant going on while the thing that is repreented as a necessary condition throughout the Event remains constant. This then is useful for when the ontologist wants to specify that some property remains constant,while some ''ProcessType'' is also going on but not changing the thing that remains constant. This subtlety is expressed by the restriction requiring that the ongoing process type be specified, in any given *instance* of ''PersistingEvent''. When possible, for subtypes of ''PersistingEvent'' where the ongoing process is a necessary condition of that kind of Event, that ongoing process should be specified.. ??Examples?? This can also be used for continuing to have some Attribute. This is a subtype of 'PersistentState' because the focus is on the continued existence of something, even though in a 'PersistingEvent' the Object that survives and other objects may be changed in some way, but the changes will not change the identity or basic functionality of the object. The basic sense of a 'PersistingEvent' is that the main functionality of the Object remains at the end of the Event, i.e. that the Object survives intact. This type is intended to capture the notion of 'surviving' or 'persisting' - whether for living or non-living things, physical or abstract (as, ideas or languages may survive). For an Event in which an Object survives with functionality intact after enduring some stress that could damage its functionality, use 'WithstandingEvent'. Instances of this type will carry the implied notion that under similar circumstances, similar object have a non-trivial probability of not persisting. However, the 'PersistingEvent' may be over the course of ordinary wear situations, and the 'survival' of a Person for some interval of years would be an instance of this type, even if nothing especially hazardous happened in that interval (if a piece of clothing persists longer than expected for normal wear, that would be an instance of the subtype 'WithstandingEvent'). For intervals in which something withstood unusual stresses that pose a significant likelihood of damage, use 'WithstandingEvent'. Includes senses 1 of 'persist', 1 and 2 of 'survive', sense 6 and 7 of 'endure', and sense 1 and 2 of 'last' in WordNet: WN verb 'survive': 1. (20) survive, last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up, hold out - (continue to live; endure or last; 'We went without water and food for 3 days'; 'These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America'; 'The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents'; 'how long can a person last without food and water?') 2. (8) survive, pull through, pull round, come through, make it - (continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.); 'He survived the cancer against all odds') WN verb 'endure': 6. last, endure - (persist for a specified period of time; 'The bad weather lasted for three days') 7. prevail, persist, die hard, run, endure - (continue to exist; 'These stories die hard'; 'The legend of Elvis endures') WN noun 'survival': 1. (10) survival, endurance - (a state of surviving; remaining alive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :RealExistence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProcessType ] . :PersistingForHours :isTheOppositeOf :Unstable ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PersistingForHours'' is the Tendency of an object or substance to continue without perceptible change for at least several hours, in the Earth's gravitational field, an normal temperatures (10-30 deg. C). For Longer periods or degrees of persistence use subtype ''Stable''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Steady . :Person :hasPluralForm "people" ; :hasSingularForm "person" ; :ldoce "person", "soul" ; :wnsense "human being1n", "human1n", "individual1n", "person1n", "somebody1n", "someone1n", "soul2n" ; :wordnet "human", "human being", "individual", "person", "somebody", "someone", "soul" ; a :IntelligentAgentType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Person(Cyc) Human(SUMO) Person is a member of the species Homo Sapiens, and is a synonym of 'Human Being'. As with other categories, this general Type includes all variants, in all contexts, so a fetus is a Person, a dead person is a Person, a fictional person is a Person, and a hypothetical but not yet conceived person is also a Person. The type of Person one is dealing with depends on the context. We typically want to deal with living persons, and that category is provided for convenience as the subType 'LivingPerson'. There is, however, no restriction on whether a Person or LivingPerson exists in the real world or in some fictional or hypothetical world; that distinction is left to the context to disambiguate. Allowing a dead Person to be a Person and also requiring that a Person is a PhysicalObject with mass presents a problem. Where is the mass of a dead Person? To allow this representation, we require every dead person to have 'remains', which would be the physical object that 'is' the Person. The 'remains' do not have to be an identifiable corpse, but can be the trace matter of a person's body, even if too dispersed to be recognizable as a Person's remains (e.g. ashes). A dead Person may 'be located' wherever its remains are, which could be widely dispersed; however, it is unlikely that the 'location' of a dead person will ever be an issue other than when the corpse is in a known grave; it is mentioned here only to provide a clear understanding of the intended meaning. Only a LivingPerson or a Corpse are compact physical objects that are Persons. 'Skeletal remains' may be dispered, and will not necessarily be compact objects. Other odd implications come if one (perhaps in a fictional context) talks about the ghost of a dead person. The ghost itself is immaterial (see 'Soul'), therefore has no physical location. If there is a physical manifestation of the ghost, the manifestation has material aspects (e.g. light waves), which are material and do have a location. So, if one wants to talk about a ghost being in a particular location, it would be necessary in COSMO to talk about its manifestation. For a ghost, its physical manifestation would (in some hypothetical context) play a role similar to the body of a living person. That is not yet (rev841) formalized. NOTE that in COSMO, when importing assertions created outside of a COSMO-aware system, it is permitted for default reasoning purposes to use the generic type of Organisms as meaning the **typical adult**, and specify attributes for the instances accordingly. If in some application or context it is necessary to deal with abnormal variants of an organism whether immature, diseased, or otherwise impaired, the categories 'ImmatureOrganism' or 'AbnormalOrganism' can be used. If one needs to make provision for abnormal (or dead) organisms, the default mechanisms must be used with extreme care. The subtype of 'LivingPerson' should be considered, though that category still includes fictional and hypothetical persons.. @ToDo: Defaults are usually handled using 'typically' relations, but for organisms all restrictions on the type are considered as default: this needs to be specified in rules in the FOL version. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all human beings. Something is an instance of #$Person just in case it is a member of the species Homo Sapiens, and thus #$Person is an instance of #$BiologicalSpecies in the #$BiologyMt. Persons are the most intelligent kind of #$Primate, and the only kind known to be naturally capable of speaking a language. #$Person excludes non-human legal persons, who are, however, included in the collection #$LegalAgent. SUMO: Modern man, the only remaining species of the Homo genus. COSMO note: the superfluous parent Type 'Thing' was added so as to make this important Type easily visible by drill-down in the hierarchy. NOTE: Using 'Somebody' is often a placeholder for some unspecified person. This is a class, as there will be many 'Somebody's. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'person', noun sense 1 of 'human' and sense 1 of 'human being' and sense 2 of 'soul' in WordNet: WN 'person' 1. (7229) person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal, soul - (a human being; there was too much for one person to do') WN 'human' 1. (5) homo, man, human being, human - (any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agent-NonArtifact, :AgentiveIntelligentObject, :Hominid, :HumanAgent, :LegalAgent, :Something, owl:Thing . :Person-Hour :en "man-hour" ; :enn "man-hour" ; :relatedInternalConcept :Hour ; :wnsense "man hour1n", "person hour1n" ; :wordnet "man hour", "person hour" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Person-Hours'' is TimeDuration that co-ccurs with some amount or work performed by some Person (male or female). This has been traditionally called a 'man hour' and is used to measure the quantity of labor required or expended to perform some output from human labor. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'person hour' in WordNet: 1. man hour, person hour - (a time unit used in industry for measuring work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalQuantity, :TimeDuration . :Person-SupportingFurniture :guid "bd588771-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Cyc concept, but no Cyc comment. This should be used for chairs, stools, beds, etc. Not clear if it is useful (v0.22) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object-SupportingFurniture, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :PersonAndAnimal a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PersonAndAnimal'' is Group composed of one ''Person'' and one ''NonHumanAnimal''. For one use see ''Bestiality''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PluralThing, :TwoAgentGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :PersonAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute meaningful only as applied to people.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :PersonByEthnicity :en "ethnic person", "person by ethnicity" ; :enn "ethnic person", "person by ethnicity" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PersonByEthnicity'' is a person who is a member of some identifiable ethnic group, or some national or regional origin, or some group traditionally living in some region not otherwise identified as a modern country (i.e. not specifiable as a ''PersonByNationality''). This can be for races, tribes, cultures, or any common trait that is not a nationality. Example: AmericanIhdian. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EthnicGroup ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :PersonByNationality :guid "bd58961d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PersonByNationality' is a type whose subtypes are groups of people who share a common nationality - cirizens of, born in, or long-time residents of some Country. In Cyc called 'Nationality' Cyc: A collection of collections. Each instance of #$Nationality is the collection of all people who are citizens of some country, or who are participants in its #$NationalCulture to some significant degree -- or else are instances of #$StatelessPerson. Instances include #$UnitedStatesPerson, #$FrenchPerson, and #$AustralianCitizenOrSubject. See also the first-order collection #$PersonWithNationality.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person . :PersonIdentifier a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersonIdentifier is an Identifier that is intended to refer to one specific person. This may be a name string, a number, or a BiometricIdentifier.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Identifier . :PersonInAnAgeBracket :en "person in an age bracket", "person in an age range" ; :enn "person in an age bracket", "person in an age range" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersonInAnAgeBracket'' is a ''Person'' who is within some range of ages - coresponding to some range of birth years. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NumberRange ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :PersonName :ldoce "name" ; :wnsense "name1n" ; :wordnet "name" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PersonName' is a Name that identifies a Person; this can be a full name, first name, last name, nickname, etc. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'name' in WordNet (for people only): in WordNet: 1. (698) name - - (a language unit by which a person or thing is known; 'his name really is George Washington'; 'those are two names for the same thing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Name, :PersonIdentifier . :PersonShaped a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The three-dimensional shape of a typical person: a head, torso, two arms, two legs. People with missing limbs will have a different shape attribute.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :PersonTendency a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PersonTendency' is a ''PersonTraitValue'' specifically applicable to people and labeled by words ending in '-ness'. This is somewhat superfluous in that there is no clear logical or concpetual distinction between this type and the parent ''PersonTraitValue'', but it is here to collect all such traits that are only expressed by words ending in '-ness'. NOTE that many ''PersonTraitValue''s have synonyms ending in '-ness', but also have othr labels, e.g. 'Bravery' has the synonym 'braveness'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonTraitValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :PersonTraitValue :wnsense "disposition3n", "inclination1n", "tendency1n" ; :wordnet "disposition", "inclination", "tendency" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PersonTraitValue' is an AnimalTraitValue specifically applicable to people. A TraitValue is a characteristic that describes a habitual mode of acting, and is perceived as a part of the personality of the animal (or person). Each subtype of 'PersonTraitValue' is a PersonalityTrait that may be assigned to some individual animal, usually used for people (for people use the subtype 'PersonTraitValue' and its subtypes). Examples are kindness, thriftiness, gregariousness. The Types are categorized by nouns, but the equivalent assignments of such traits to people in linguistic statements will typically use adjectives such as 'a kind person'. These are the values for the AttributeType 'PersonalityTrait'. See also ''Tendency'' for a closely related type that is a Trait. Relation?? In COSMO this is an AttributeValue, and specifically a type of 'Temdency', indicating that a Person having this Tendency is more likely to perform certain acts than a Person not having that 'Tendency'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'disposition', sense 1 of 'tendency' and sense 1 of 'inclination' in Wordnet, all applying to animal (usually human) behavioral tendencies: in WordNet: 3. inclination, disposition, tendency - (an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others; 'he had an inclination to give up too easily'; 'a tendency to be too strict') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue, :Tendency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonalityTrait ; owl:onProperty :isaValueOf ] . :PersonType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """PersonType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for a Person in its aspect as an animal, rather than a Role, and an argument restriction for various relations on people. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalType, :IntelligentAgentType, :PhysicalObjectType . :PersonWageEntry :en "Person and Wage" ; :enn "Person and Wage" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersonWageEntry'' is a 'List'' consisting of two elements, the name of an ''Employee'' and the ''Wage'' for that Person, which is one entry in a ''WageList''. This is used in a context where the Agent paying the salary and the time period for which the 'Wage'' is a ''Compensation'' are understood. For those to be explcitly represented would require that an entry with more elements would be created - but that is usually unnecessary, as in a typical ''WageList'' those aspects are the same for all entries. Those attributes of a ''WageList'' can be represented with relations on the ''WageList'' itself. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ListPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInList ; owl:someValuesFrom :WageList ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Employee ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Wage ] . :PersonWithOccupation :guid "bd58e737-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "worker1n" ; :wordnet "worker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of persons who have a (skilled or unskilled) occupation. Most (but not all) instances of #$PersonWithOccupation spend a significant part of their waking hours doing activities that are characteristic of their occupations. Typically their actions are performed for pay (but not always: consider a starving artist who is unable to sell any of her works - the occupation is determined by an intent to make money from the activity). Note that a #$PersonWithOccupation need not be working over the entire duration of when s/he has an occupation; e.g. college professors on summer break and the temporarily unemployed still have occupations. Most reified specializations of #$PersonWithOccupation classify workers according to their job titles, the kinds of work they perform, or the skills involved; while a few exploit other (usually quite broad) features of their working lives (e.g. #$SelfEmployedWorker and #$DeskWorker). But note that many collections corresponding to what are colloquially considered professions or occupations (e.g. #$Lifeguard, #$StockBroker, #$Housekeeper, and many others) are _not_ specializations of #$PersonWithOccupation, as those collections include people for whom the work in question is not their occupation. SUMO (OccupationalRole): A Role of a Human in a OrganizationalProcess. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'worker' in WordNet: 1. (289) worker - (a person who works at a specific occupation; 'he is a good worker') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ; owl:someValuesFrom :OccupationType ] . :PersonaNonGrata :wnsense "persona non grata2n", "unwelcome person1n" ; :wordnet "persona non grata", "unwelcome person" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersonaNonGrata'' is a Person who is not 'welcome' to some extent for some other ''Person''s, i.e. someone the other Person would prefer not to associate with, at least on some specific occasion, or possibly ever. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'persona non grata' in WordNet: 2. unwelcome person, persona non grata - (a person who for some reason is not wanted or welcome) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwelcome ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Personal :ldoce "personal" ; :pertainsTo :Person ; :wnsense "personal1adj" ; :wordnet "personal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object is 'Personal' if it was designed or designated for the use of a single individual Person at a time; an attribute is Personal if it pertains to the specific characteristics of an individual Person; of or pertaining to, or for the use of, an individual Person. The distinguishable senses are subtypes of this sense. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'personal' in WordNet: 1. (31) personal - (concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality; 'a personal favor'; 'for your personal use'; 'personal papers'; 'I have something personal to tell you'; 'a personal God'; 'he has his personal bank account and she has hers') 2. (12) personal - (particular to a given individual) 3. (2) personal - (of or arising from personality; 'personal magnetism') 4. (1) personal - (intimately concerning a person's body or physical being; 'personal hygiene') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PersonalAffinity :wnsense "affinity7n" ; :wordnet "affinity" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PersonalAffinity' is Feeling of kinship of common interest, combined with a liking of anoher person. This is distinct from ''Love'' or ''Admiration'' and perhaps includes what is thought of as the kind of affinity in a 'bromance'. NOTE: in WN this is an attribute but in COSMO it is a Feeling. Corresponds to part (for people,not activities) of noun sense 1 of 'affinity' in WordNet: 7. affinity - (a natural attraction or feeling of kinship; 'an affinity for politics'; 'the mysterious affinity between them'; 'James's affinity with Sam') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Liking . :PersonalAppearance :ldoce "appearance", "look" ; :takesValue :AppearanceAttribute ; :wnsense "appearance1n", "look1n", "visual aspect1n" ; :wordnet "appearance", "look", "visual aspect" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersonalAppearance' is the overall Appearance of a person's body, including all of its parts visible to others near the person. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'appearance' (for a Person) and part of sense 1 of'look' (for a Person's bodily appearance) in WordNet: 1. (23) appearance, visual aspect - (outward or visible aspect of a person or thing) WN noun 'look': 3. (9) look - (physical appearance; 'I don't like the looks of this place') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAppearance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :PersonalBond :wnsense "bond3n" ; :wordnet "bond" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersonalBond'' is a ''HumanRelationship'' that is based largely on kinship or common interests or participation in some common activity. This has some overlap with ''PersonalBonding'' but this type of bond includes circumstances that are not caused by direct contact of people with each other, such as kinship or common interests, whereas ''PersonalBonding'' is created by direct interaction of two or more people that creates a bond including love or friendship. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bond' in WordNet: 3. (6) alliance, bond - (a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest; 'the shifting alliances within a large family'; 'their friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalRelationship . :PersonalBonding :wnsense "bonding2n" ; :wordnet "bonding" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersonalBonding'' is a close and loving ''PersonalRelationship'' between two people that is special to both. This type of relation is deep and induces those so 'bonded'to be willing to make sacrifices for the benefit of the other(s). This has some overlap with ''PersonalBond'' but this type of bond is created by direct interaction of two or more people that creates a bond including love or friendship whereas includes ''PersonalBond'' includes kinship or common interests, not created by direct contact. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bonding' in WordNet: 2. bonding - (a close personal relationship that forms between people (as between husband and wife or parent and child)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalRelationship, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loving ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intimate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PersonalCheck :guid "bf0a7279-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "personal check1n", "personal cheque1n" ; :wordnet "personal check", "personal cheque" ; a :MoneyTenderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE to use this requires that one have a 'CheckingAccount'. CYC: A specialization of #$Check-TenderObject. Each instance of #$PersonalCheck is a check issued to a person who has a #$CheckingAccount (q.v.) with a bank. Each instance of #$PersonalCheck is inscribed with a unique checking account number, as well as information about the person to whom it is issued (usually, this information will include the person's name and mailing address) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personal check' in WordNet: 1. personal check, personal cheque - (a check drawn against funds deposited in your personal checking account) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TenderObject . :PersonalCircumstances :ldoce "difficulty" ; :wnsense "circumstances1n", "circumstances2n", "circumstances3n" ; :wordnet "circumstances" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any situation (PersistentState) in which the relevant fluents (attributes, relations) represented influence the quality of life or ability of the Agent to achieve its goals, including personal income and wealth as well as health. Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'circumstances' in WordNet: 1. (2) fortune, destiny, fate, luck, lot, circumstances, portion - (your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you); 'whatever my fortune may be'; 'deserved a better fate'; 'has a happy lot'; 'the luck of the Irish'; 'a victim of circumstances'; 'success that was her portion') 2. circumstances - (the state (usually personal) with regard to wealth; 'each person was helped according to his circumstances') 3. circumstances - (a person's financial situation (good or bad); 'he found himself in straitened circumstances') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState . :PersonalComputer :guid "bd58ad7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "PC1n", "microcomputer1n", "personal computer1n" ; :wordnet "PC", "microcomputer", "personal computer" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SingleUserComputer. Each instance of this collection is a small, single-user #$Computer, such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer or a palm computer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personal computer' in WordNet: 1. personal computer, PC, microcomputer - (a small digital computer based on a microprocessor and designed to be used by one person at a time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SingleUserComputer . :PersonalDevice :en "personal device" ; :enn "personal device" ; :guid "83771e3a-b4dd-41d7-9bb4-d6553e3430a4" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of devices that are controlled and primarily used by one person, and which are often carried by the person rather than permanently situated in a particular #$HumanOccupationConstruct. NOTE: subtypes will all be 'SmallObjects' and will be able to be picked up in one hand. Cyc: Not included are household devices, which are often shared by more than one dweller in a #$HumanResidence. Also not included are instances of #$BusinessMachine, as these are often shared by multiple coworkers. Specializations include #$Pager, #$Wallet and #$CellularTelephone. #$PersonalDevice differs from #$Device-SingleUser in that an instance of the latter can typically be shared among more than one user, as long as it is not used by both users simultaneously. Neither #$PersonalComputer nor #$LaptopComputer are specializations of #$PersonalDevice (both are often shared by multiple people, though not simultaneously), but certain instances of LaptopComputer might also be instances of #$PersonalDevice. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :SmallObject . :PersonalDigitalAssistant :wnsense "PDA1n", "organiser3n", "organizer3n", "personal digital assistant1n", "personal organiser1n", "personal organizer1n" ; :wordnet "PDA", "organiser", "organizer", "personal digital assistant", "personal organiser", "personal organizer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersonalDigitalAssistant'' ('PDA') is a hand-held electronic device that performs some functions requiring digital computation but does not perform general computational functions. For a more powerful version that can perform sophisticated computations use ''SmartPhone''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personal digital assistant' in WordNet: 1. personal digital assistant, PDA, personal organizer, personal organiser, organizer, organiser - (a lightweight consumer electronic device that looks like a hand-held computer but instead performs specific tasks; can serve as a diary or a personal database or a telephone or an alarm clock etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandHeldObject, :SingleUserComputer . :PersonalEthics :wnsense "ethical motive1n", "ethics1n", "morality2n", "morals1n" ; :wordnet "ethical motive", "ethics", "morality", "morals" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PersonalEthics' is an Intending in which some Agent intends to behave in a specific way toward other agents (including animals). The intention is usually to do 'the right thing' (to do good). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ethics' in WordNet: 1. (1) ethical motive, ethics, morals, morality - (motivation based on ideas of right and wrong) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proposition ] . :PersonalFreedom :en "freedom of choice" ; :wnsense "liberty2n" ; :wordnet "liberty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PersonalFreedom'' is a form of ''Independence'' (a form of ''Freedom'') from control of one's personal actions by any agent other than oneself. This is 'freedom of choice',constrained only by avoiding things that are illegal, especially those that harm other people. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'liberty' in WordNet: 2. (2) liberty - (freedom of choice; 'liberty of opinion'; 'liberty of worship'; 'liberty - perfect liberty-to think or feel or do just as one pleases'; 'at liberty to choose whatever occupation one wishes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Freedom . :PersonalGain :en "personal gain" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersonalGain'' is an Action in which some Person receives something valuable for his/her own benefit. This can be honestly or dishonestly - see ''Corruption''. This contrasts with altruistic actions or actions taken for the benefit of one's employer. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GainingControl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :PersonalGrooming :guid "bd58b4a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO this activity is restricted to Humans, and is an action of an individual person (which may or may not be the person being groomed). If done by a group, use the supertype 'EnhancingAppearance'. This Action and its parent ''EnhancingAppearance'' serve to create the ''PublicFace'' (an AttributeType) that a Person wants to present to the public. Cyc: Personal grooming includes any activity that can be performed on an individual (not necessarily a person) that could be construed as grooming. These activities are quite often performed by oneself, i.e. brushing one's own teeth, applying one's own make-up, cutting one's own nails. They also are frequently performed for someone else, that is, by one individual to another individual: teeth cleaning at the dentist's, photographers' applying make-up on models, a friend cutting another's hair. In the #$BaseKB, this is not restricted to human beings. - - Siegel, May 17, 1996""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :EnhancingAppearance, :RoutineAction, :SingleDoerAction, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Self ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :PersonalHygieneProduct :en "personal hygiene product" ; :enn "personal hygiene product" ; :guid "bd58d8b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Products (Objects) used in cleaning the body or in promoting its cleanliness. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PersonalProduct . :PersonalInformation :en "personal information" ; :enn "personal information" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PersonalInformation'' is 'Information' about a Person that is typically kept private and not made public. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Personal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PersonalLoss :guid "bdc8c88b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "loss2n", "loss4n", "loss5n" ; :wordnet "loss" ; a :LossType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event that is interpreted by a person or Organization as being a 'loss', whether it be a loss of a loved person (or pet animal), or a loss of a friendship (for any reason), or a loss of something valuable (such as money). The restriction requires that the Person feeling the loss be specified. The 'loss' of an opportunity or failure of an expectation is included under 'Disappointment'. Includes noun senses 2, 3, 4 and5 of 'loss' in WordNet: 2. (276) loss - (something that is lost; 'the car was a total loss'; 'loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt') 4. (57) loss - (gradual decline in amount or activity; 'weight loss'; 'a serious loss of business') 5. (20) loss, deprivation - (the disadvantage that results from losing something; 'his loss of credibility led to his resignation'; 'losing him is no great deprivation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, :LosingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :Organization :PersonType :OrganizationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType :ValuableThing ) ] ] . :PersonalNetworking :en "networking" ; :eng "networking" ; :wnsense "network1v" ; :wordnet "network" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PersonalNetworking'' involves not just communicating with more than one other Person,but building links between oneself and others that one has not contacted directly, but who communicate with someone who oneself has directly communicated with. These links allow a Person to build a large number of links, direct or indirect, that permit one to access many people for any purpse that can benefit from contact with people havig knowledge or those having access to resources that can be of help. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'network' in WordNet: 1. network - (communicate with and within a group; \"You have to network if you want to get a good job\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ] . :PersonalPhilosopy :wnsense "philosophy3n" ; :wordnet "philosophy" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersonalPhilosopy'' is any one or more ''belief''s about how one should behave or view one's place in society. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'philosophy' in WordNet: 3. (1) philosophy - (any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation; 'self-indulgence was his only philosophy'; 'my father's philosophy of child-rearing was to let mother do it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, :BeliefSystem . :PersonalPossession :ldoce "possession" ; :wnsense "possession2n" ; :wordnet "possession" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PersonalPossession' is an instance of a PhysicalObject owned by an individual LegalAgent, whether portable or not. This is for one or a small group of related objects; for all of the possessons of a Person located in one place, use ''Belongings''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'possession' in WordNet: 2. (6) possession - (anything owned or possessed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Property . :PersonalProduct :guid "bd5906f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Artifact. Each instance of #$PersonalProduct is an object or substance designed for use on and the benefit of the physical body of a person, including personal care products (e.g., deodorant, hand soap), personal care devices (e.g., razors, heating pads), and cosmetics. These are items which a person would seek out or apply to him/herself; i.e., it excludes products used on the body of a person by physicians (e.g., scalpels), dentists (e.g., dental drills), or morticians.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ManufacturedGoods . :PersonalPronoun :wnsense "personal pronoun1n" ; :wordnet "personal pronoun" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all personal pronouns. a PersonalPronoun is an indexicals which can replace nouns. while expressing distinctions of person: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personal pronoun' in WordNet: 1. (2) personal pronoun - (a pronoun expressing a distinction of person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun . :PersonalRelationship :wnsense "personal relation1n", "personal relationship1n" ; :wordnet "personal relation", "personal relationship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PersonalRelationship'' is the ''HumanRelationship'' between two individuals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personal relationship' in WordNet: 1. personal relation, personal relationship - (a relation between persons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRelationship, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :PersonalSuccess :wnsense "success3n" ; :wordnet "success" ; a :EventType, :FutureSituationType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person's ''PersonalSuccess'' can be any of many types, depending on that Person's personality - different people wish for different things and define their own 'success' in different ways. Some want wealth, others fame. others accomplishment of some general or specific task. This usually requires hard work and native ability as well as favorable situations and some luck. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'success' in WordNet: 3. (10) success - (a state of prosperity or fame; 'he is enjoying great success'; 'he does not consider wealth synonymous with success') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DreamComeTrue . :PersonalWarmth :ldoce "warmth" ; :wnsense "warmth1n" ; :wordnet "warmth" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PersonalWarmth'' is a feeling of 'warmth' produced by being in a warm atmosphere or wearing protective clothing that keeps the skin relatively ''Warm''. ''PersonalWarmth'' is a Sensation resembling the feeling when one is exposed to external air temperature above 30 deg C; the actual temperature at which a person may feel 'warm' depends on the Person. ''PersonalWarmth'' may also be caused by internal processes,or physical exercise, even if the ambient temperature is not above 20 deg C. To say that a person 'is warm' means that s/he is experiencing this Sensation. One way of getting this feeling is by wearing one or more \"warmclothingitem\"s. Approximately part of noun sense 1 of 'warmth' in WordNet: 1. (6) heat, warmth - (the sensation caused by heat energy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingWarm, :Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Warm ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Warmness ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :PersonalWashing :guid "bd58a058-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of events in which a person washes parts of him or her self.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalGrooming, :WashingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Self ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ] . :Personality :wnsense "personality1n" ; :wordnet "personality" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Personality is the sum of all PersonalityTraits of an individual. This AttributeType can be used for animals as well as people, for example a particular animal may be characterized as 'aggressive'. The distinction between a 'Personality' and a 'PersonalityTrait' is that the former is the sum of all of the latter, and the latter type may be used to indicate individual Personality traits, or some combination of traits, but not necessarily characterizing a person's whole 'Personality'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Nature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonalityTrait ] . :PersonalityTrait :takesValue :PersonTraitValue ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PersonalityTrait is a subtype of ''AttributeType'' that takes as values any of a broad range of subtypes (attribute values) values for the general attribute type of 'PersonTraitValue'. This is a State, not a ''QualitativeAttributeValue''. A ''PersonalityTrait'' is a Quality that may persist over years and form part of a Person's 'personality', but may also persist over a relatively short period of time, or recur at (more or less) frequent intervals. Trait instance of 'AttributeTypeType'' takes value ''PersonTraitValue'' NOTE that a ''PersonTraitValue'' can be asserted of any ''IntentionalAgent'' including non-humans, though it is usually used for humans. Each value is some trait of personality that is considered as a part of a total personality. Examples such as kindness, ambitiousness, aggressiveness may be be inherent. Other PersonalityTraits may be assigned to a Person as a result of the attitudes of others, such as being 'untouchable' or having a particular social status The individual values of these traits will be classified under 'PersonTraitValue' The sum of all of a person's PersonalityTraits may be included in an instance of 'Personality'. NOTE: a subtype of ''PersonalityTrait'' may be a type whose English label ends in '-ness': e.g. 'nobleness' (or nobility) takes the value of ''Noble''. As of rev 1195, the relation of ''PersonalityTrait''s to attributes is only skeletal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trait . :PersonalityTraitType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PersonalityTraitType'' is a metatype which relates subtypes of ''PersonalityTrait'' to the values that those traits can take, which will be subtypes of ''PersonTraitValue'' and instances of ''PersonalityType''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonalityType ] . :PersonalityType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''PersonalityType'' is an instance of 'AttributeValueType' that characterizes some personality attributes of people (humans, but may be applied analogically to animals)). Such attributes may be used metaphorically for animals or other agents. This metatype applies is a subtype of ''TendencyType'' to classify tendencies of humans toward certain behaviors. The parent ''TendencyType'' can apply to properties of inanimate things, both object and substance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType . :Personally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Personal ; :wnsense "personally1adv", "personally5adv" ; :wordnet "personally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Personally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies the point of view involving the speaker. As of Rev1345 other senses are not represented . e.g. 'in person' Includes adverb senses 1 and 5 of 'personally' in WordNet: 1. (7) personally - (as yourself; 'speaking personally, I would not want to go') 5. (1) personally - (concerning the speaker; 'personally, I find him stupid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Personification :wnsense "avatar1n", "embodiment1n", "incarnation1n", "personification1n" ; :wordnet "avatar", "embodiment", "incarnation", "personification" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Personification'' is a ''Person'' who has some conspicuous ''Quality'' to a degree such that that Person may be referenced as an example of having that Quality. NOTE: the WN synsets for sense 1 of 'personification' and sense 1 of 'incarnation' are difficult to dstinguish, and are merged here. More usage examples might find usable distinctions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'personification' in WordNet: 1. (1) personification - (a person who represents an abstract quality; 'she is the personification of optimism') WN noun 'incarnation': 1. (1) embodiment, incarnation, avatar - (a new personification of a familiar idea; 'the embodiment of hope'; 'the incarnation of evil'; 'the very avatar of cunning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExhibitingaQuality ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :QualityType ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quality :QualityType ) ] ] . :PersonifyingSomething :eng "embodying", "personifying" ; :wnsense "be9v", "embody2v", "personify2v" ; :wordnet "be", "embody", "personify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PersonifyingSomething'' is a ''RepresentingSomething'' performed by an ''ActorActress'' that provides a concrete example of some Person or PersonType represented. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'embody' in WordNet: 2. (3) embody, be, personify - (represent, as of a character on stage; 'Derek Jacobi was Hamlet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActorActress :PersonType ) ] ] . :Personnel :guid "bf896177-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "force4n", "personnel1n" ; :wordnet "force", "personnel" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Personnel'' is some ''WorkForce'' who report to (are subordinate to) someone higher (a ''Manager'') in the ''Administration'' of an ''Organization''. The reporting can be direct or indirect.This is not the *full* complement of employees at a company (for that use subtype ''OrganizationEmployees''), or of members of an Organization, but can be all but the chief or some subset that report to a particular person - although not all such subsets are called 'staff'. approximately equivalent to the CYC concept 'Staff': CYC: A collection of instances of #$Person, a spec of #$Group. To be a staff is to be an organization of employees of an organization. Approximately equivalent to noun sense 1 of 'personnel' in WordNet: 1. (27) force, personnel - (group of people willing to obey orders; 'a public force is necessary to give security to the rights of citizens') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReportingToaManager ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :Perspicuous :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Understanding ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Understanding ; :isTheOppositeOf :DifficultToUnderstand, :Incomprehensible, :Unclear ; :wnsense "crystal clear2adj", "limpid3adj", "lucid1adj", "luculent1adj", "pellucid2adj", "perspicuous1adj" ; :wordnet "crystal clear", "limpid", "lucid", "luculent", "pellucid", "perspicuous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Perspicuous'' is a subtype of ''Understandable'' characterizing assertions or more complex discussions that are easier to understand than most similar linguistic objects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perspicuous' in Wordnet: 1. limpid, lucid, luculent, pellucid, crystal clear, perspicuous - ((of language) transparently clear; easily understandable; 'writes in a limpid style'; 'lucid directions'; 'a luculent oration'- Robert Burton; 'pellucid prose'; 'a crystal clear explanation'; 'a perspicuous argument') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Understandable . :Persuadable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :PersuadingToAct ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :PersuadingToAct ; :wnsense "convincible1adj", "persuadable1adj", "persuasible1adj", "suasible1adj" ; :wordnet "convincible", "persuadable", "persuasible", "suasible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Amenable'' is the attribute of a Person who is disposed to be persuaded. Difference from parents 'Amenable' and 'Agreeable' is unclear. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'persuadable' in Wordnet: 1. convincible, persuadable, persuasible, suasible - (being susceptible to persuasion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amenable . :Persuader :wnsense "inducer2n", "persuader1n" ; :wordnet "inducer", "persuader" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Persuader'' is a Person who is a ''Proponent'' (a 'Supporter'') who supports and a cause by actively trying to convince one or more others to support that cause by some Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'persuader' in WordNet: 1. persuader, inducer - (someone who tries to persuade or induce or lead on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttemptingToPersuade ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PersuadingToAct :guid "bd59abeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "persuade" ; :wnsense "persuade2v" ; :wordnet "persuade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the parent type 'Convincing-CommunicationAct' could be a convincing to believe something or to perform some Action. This subtype is restricted to a convincing to perform some 'Action', and is thus also a subtype of ''CausingaPersonToAct''. The ''Action'' could be a Feeling or a Belief. NOTE that this is for a successful persuading action; for the attempt to persuade, use ''AttemptingToPersuade''. CYC: A specialization of #$Convincing-CommunicationAct and #$InfluencingAnAgent. Each instance of this collection is a #$CommunicationAct-Single in which the performer successfully induces the recipient to perform (or not perform) an action. This does not cover cases where situations, rather than agents, persuade: e.g., Polling results persuaded the candidate to withdraw. Notable specializations of this collection include #$RecruitingActivity and #$CoercingAnAgent. The WordNet entry for 'convince' seems to be to convince to believe, not to act. So this correlates only with part of verb sense 2 of 'persuade' in WordNet: WN verb 'persuade': 2. (13) persuade - (cause somebody to adopt a certain position, belief, or course of action; twist somebody's arm; 'You can't persuade me to buy this ugly vase!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaPersonToAct, :Convincing-CommunicationAct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HumanActivity :ActionType ) ] ] . :PertainingAttributeValue a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each PertainingAttributeValue is an AttributeValue that is related to some other type by the relation 'pertainsTo'. The exact manner in which a 'PertainingAttributeValue' can be related to the object of the 'pertainsTo' relation can vary with the noun (often representing a type) that the adjective (represented by the PertainingAttributeValue) modifies. Thus an 'historical town' would be a town in which something of sufficient interest or significance occurred to justify the mention of the town in some history book; An American president will be some person who served as President of America (not just an American who was a President of some organization). The meanings of the individual 'pertaining' relations will vary with the word modified and the adjective modifying that word. @ToDo: some 'pertaining aspect' might be defined that categorizes the manner in which a particular 'PertainingAttributeValue' pertains to the thing pertained - """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :pertainsTo ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :PertainingAttributeValueType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """PertainingAttributeValueType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of PertainingAttributeValue as their argument. @ToDo: values should be disjoint with PertainingAttributeValues,but as yet (r915) ,but as no systematic search to add this type to PertainingAttributeValues. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class . :Pertinent :en "a propos" ; :wnsense "appropriate5adj", "apropos1adj", "pertinent1adj", "pertinent2adj", "to the point1adj" ; :wordnet "appropriate", "apropos", "pertinent", "to the point" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue applied to linguistic statements or other forms of communication (e.g. graphical) that are suitable for the specific situation (a pertinent remark) This corresponds to senses 1 and 2 of 'pertinent' and sense 5 of 'appropriate' and sense 1 of 'apropos' in WordNet: WN adjective 'pertinent': 1. (5) pertinent, to the point - (having precise or logical relevance to the matter at hand; 'a list of articles pertinent to the discussion'; 'remarks that were to the point') 2. (2) apposite, appropriate, apt, pertinent - (being of striking appropriateness and pertinence; 'the successful copywriter is a master of apposite and evocative verbal images'; 'an apt reply') WN adjective 'appropriate': 5. apposite, appropriate, apt, pertinent - (being of striking appropriateness and pertinence; 'the successful copywriter is a master of apposite and evocative verbal images'; 'an apt reply') WN adjective 'apropos': 1. apropos - (of an appropriate or pertinent nature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suitable . :Peru :wnsense "Peru1n" ; :wordnet "Peru" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Peru' in WordNet: 1. (1) Peru, Republic of Peru - (a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries) """ . :Peruvian :pertainsTo :Peru, :PeruvianPerson ; :wnsense "Peruvian1adj" ; :wordnet "Peruvian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Peruvian'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Peru'' or a ''PeruvianPerson'' or things associated with Peru or its people or culture. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Peruvian' in Wordnet: 1. Peruvian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Peru or its people; 'Peruvian artifacts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PeruvianPerson :wnsense "Peruvian1n" ; :wordnet "Peruvian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Peruvian' in WordNet: 1. Peruvian - (a native or inhabitant of Peru) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Peru ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Pervasive :isTheOppositeOf :Focal ; :wnsense "permeant1adj", "permeating1adj", "permeative1adj", "pervasive1adj" ; :wordnet "permeant", "permeating", "permeative", "pervasive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The term 'pervasive' is used both literally and figuratively; in addition to substances permeating a porous object, it can be used to characterize ideas that are explicit or impllcit in many parts of a text. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pervasive' in Wordnet: 1. permeant, permeating, permeative, pervasive - (spreading or spread throughout; 'armed with permeative irony...he punctures affectations'; 'the pervasive odor of garlic'; 'an error is pervasive if it is material to more than one conclusion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Perverse :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :StubbornStreak ; :isTheOppositeOf :Cooperative ; :wnsense "perverse1adj" ; :wordnet "perverse" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perverse' in Wordnet: 1. (2) perverse - (marked by a disposition to oppose and contradict; 'took perverse satisfaction in foiling her plans') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Pervert :wnsense "degenerate1n", "deviant1n", "deviate1n", "pervert1n" ; :wordnet "degenerate", "deviant", "deviate", "pervert" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: these terms have now become less widely used to refer to people who are homosexual. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pervert' in WordNet: 1. pervert, deviant, deviate, degenerate - (a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offender . :Pessimism :wnsense "pessimism1n", "pessimism2n" ; :wordnet "pessimism" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'pessimism' in WordNet: 1. (1) pessimism - (the feeling that things will turn out badly) 2. pessimism - (a general disposition to look on the dark side and to expect the worst in all things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Despair . :Pessimist :wnsense "pessimist1n" ; :wordnet "pessimist" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pessimist'' is someone who evaluates situations in a manner suggesting outcomes worse than are objectively most likely Contrasts with Realist, optimist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pessimist' in WordNet: 1. (1) pessimist - (a person who expects the worst) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pessimistic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pessimistic :wnsense "pessimistic1adj" ; :wordnet "pessimistic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pessimistic'' is a subtype of ''Anticipating'' it is an attribute of a ''Pessimist'' who habitually expects outcomes that are worse than an objective analysis would predict. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pessimistic' in WordNet: 1. (1) pessimistic - (expecting the worst in this worst of all possible worlds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anticipating . :Pest :wnsense "pest4n" ; :wordnet "pest" ; a :BeastType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An undesirable Animal that is destructive or carries disease, used especially of small animals or insects that damage crops or garden plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pest' in WordNet: 4. pest - (any unwanted and destructive insect or other animal that attacks food or crops or livestock etc.; 'he sprayed the garden to get rid of pests'; 'many pests have developed resistance to the common pesticides') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, :UndesirableThing, :Vermin . :Pesticide :canKill :Insect ; :guid "bd58ad34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pesticide1n" ; :wordnet "pesticide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pesticide' in WordNet: 1. pesticide - (a chemical used to kill pests (as rodents or insects)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToxicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pest ; owl:onProperty :canKill ] . :PestiferousPerson :wnsense "pest3n" ; :wordnet "pest" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''PestiferousPerson'' is a ''HumanRole'' for people whose behavior makes them referred to as a 'pest' by some person/persons whom they annoy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pest' in WordNet: 3. pest, blighter, cuss, pesterer, gadfly - (a persistently annoying person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoying ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PetDoor :en "pet door" ; :enn "pet door" ; :guid "bf80f027-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small door, usually in a normal-sized house door, that allows pets to go in and out by themselves.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Door . :PetFood :guid "bd589c65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pet food1n", "pet-food1n", "petfood1n" ; :wordnet "pet food", "pet-food", "petfood" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of foods and beverages not only normally eaten by #$DomesticPets, but intended to be eaten by #$DomesticPets and marketed as such. A salient example is commercial #$DogFood, but this also includes food for more unusual pets like snakes or spiders. It does not include commerical feed for non-pet domesticated animals like horses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pet food' in WordNet: 1. petfood, pet-food, pet food - (food prepared for animal pets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticatedAnimalFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticPet ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ] . :Petal :wnsense "flower petal1n", "petal1n" ; :wordnet "flower petal", "petal" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A part of a ''Flower'' that is derived from a primitive leaf. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petal' in Wordnet: 1. (2) petal, flower petal - (part of the perianth that is usually brightly colored) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloralLeaf, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flower ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :PeterPan :existsInContext :PeterPanStories ; :hasMassInGrams "40000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaFiction ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :Boy ; a :FictionalCharacter . :PeterPanStories :hasTopic :PeterPan ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :PeterPan ; :wasOriginallyCreatedBy ; a :Fiction-DerivedWorks, :FictionalContext, :Novel ; rdfs:comment """The full set of all Novels, Movies Plays, and other ConceptualWorks based on the characters and themes of the Novel 'Peter Pan' by Scottish author James Matthew Barrie (1860-1937). The characters of Peter, Wendy, Captain Hook, Tinkerbell, and others are considered in COSMO as existing in the same context, the 'PeterPanStories'.""" . :PeterRabbit :existsInContext :PeterRabbitNovels ; :hasMassInGrams "900"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaFiction ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :Rabbit ; a :FictionalCharacter . :PeterRabbitNovels :hasAbstractRepresentation :PeterRabbitsAdventures ; :hasTopic :PeterRabbit ; :wasCreatedBy :BeatrixPotter ; a :FictionalContext, :NovelSeries . :PeterRabbitsAdventures :hasComponentElement :ENG_Rabbit ; a :LinguisticAssertion . :PetitJury :guid "e2fd3d5c-7b40-41d7-990c-a638169f8fba" ; :wnsense "petit jury1n" ; :wordnet "petit jury" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In cyc called 'Jury-Petit'. A PetitJury can convict or acquit a person of a crime, or in civil cases can judge for or against a plaintiff. Cyc: The collection of all juries constituted by governments to try legal cases as opposed to accepting indictments. In legalese, petit jury. See also #$GrandJury. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petit jury' in WordNet. 1. petit jury, petty jury - (a jury of 12 to determine the facts and decide the issue in civil or criminal proceedings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Jury . :Petition :wnsense "petition1n", "postulation2n", "request1n" ; :wordnet "petition", "postulation", "request" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Petition''is a ''Message'' produced by a 'Petitioning''Action, sent to some''Authority''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petition' in WordNet: 1. (6) request, petition, postulation - (a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractInformationStore, :Message, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Petitioning ] . :PetitionDocument :wnsense "petition1n" ; :wordnet "petition" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PetitionDocument''is a ''Document-Physical'' that is the physical representation of a ''Petition'' (an abstract document). RHW 'petition': 1. a formally drawn request, often bearing the names of a number of those making the request, that is addressed to a person or group of persons in authority or power, soliciting some favor, right, mercy, or other benefit: a petition for clemency; a petition for the repeal of an unfair law. WN does not distinguish the physical document and its abstract content - both are represented in COSMO by the same synset. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petition' in WordNet: 1. (6) request, petition, postulation - (a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Petitioning ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :PetitionMemorial :wnsense "memorial2n" ; :wordnet "memorial" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PetitionMemorial'' is a ''Memorandum'' submitted to an authority in support of a petition. RHW: 2. a written statement of facts presented to a sovereign, a legislative body, etc., as the ground of, or expressed in the form of, a petition or remonstrance. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'memorial' in WordNet: 2. memorial - (a written statement of facts submitted in conjunction with a petition to an authority) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Memorandum, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgreementType ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Petitioner :wnsense "petitioner1n", "petitioner2n", "requester1n", "suer2n", "suppliant1n", "supplicant2n" ; :wordnet "petitioner", "requester", "suer", "suppliant", "supplicant" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Petitioner'' is an agent that performs some act of formal requesting that can be termed a 'petition'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'petitioner' in WordNet: 1. (30) petitioner, suppliant, supplicant, requester - (one praying humbly for something; \"a suppliant for her favors\") 2. suer, petitioner - (someone who petitions a court for redress of a grievance or recovery of a right) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Petitioning ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Petitioning :wnsense "petition1v" ; :wordnet "petition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Petitioning'' is a ''Requesting'' (an Action) that is also a ''ApplyingForSomething'' in which some formal message is delivered to an ''Authority'' asking or something to be done. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'petition' in WordNet: 1. (2) petition - (write a petition for something to somebody; request formally and in writing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingForSomething, :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Petnapping :en "petnap", "petnapping" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Petnapping'' is a ''CapturingAnAnimal'' where the animal is someone's pet animal. RHW 'petnapping': the stealing of a pet, as for resale or ransom. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CapturingAnAnimal, :Kidnapping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :DomesticPet ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Captured ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticPet ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ] . :Petrochemical :guid "be5d597f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :FossilFuel ; :wnsense "petrochemical1n" ; :wordnet "petrochemical" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PetroleumProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$PetroleumBasedProduct, such as benzene, ethylene, and styrene, obtained from petrochemical feedstocks such as ethane, propane, and naphtha. Many #$Plastics are manufactured from #$Petrochemicals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petrochemical' in Wordnet: 1. petrochemical - (any compound obtained from petroleum or natural gas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound, :PetroleumBasedProduct . :Petroglyph :en "petroglyph" ; :guid "be2901c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A marking on a rock, usually used of antique markings. RHW: a drawing or carving on rock, made by a member of a prehistoric people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AntiqueObject, :Carving-2D, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boulder ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :Petroleum :guid "bd58dbd0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "oil" ; :wnsense "crude oil1n", "crude1n", "fossil oil1n", "petroleum1n", "rock oil1n" ; :wordnet "crude", "crude oil", "fossil oil", "petroleum", "rock oil" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Petroleum is a natural mixture of PhysicalSubstances, composed mostly of organic hydrocarbons, extracted from deposits in rocks under the ground. It is a liquid at normal temperature and is typically viscous and dark-colored. Most petroleum is formed by the decomposition of animal and vegetable material over millions of years. Petroleum is found in a 'PetroleumReservoir'. COSMO note: Petroleum is considered as an artificial substance, (a 'ProcessedNaturalSubstance') since this Type refers to the material pumped from the ground, not the in situ substance. Petroleum in situ is not represented as such in the basic COSMO ontology, but can be added if needed. It could be related to this type as (using types not yet present in COSMO) by relations such as: {PetroleumInSitu rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource=\"#NaturalTangibleStuff\"} {PetroleumInSitu isaConstituentSubstanceOf PetroleumBearingFormation} {Petroleum isDerivedFrom PetroleumBearingFormation} Cyc: Called 'Petroleum-CrudeOil' in Cyc: A subset of #$Oil and a #$TangibleStuffCompositionType, petroleum is the crude oil that is usually pumped from the ground and used to make gasoline, petrochemicals, plastics, etc. See also #$PetroleumProduct and #$PetroleumProduct-Refined. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petroleum' and sense 1 of 'crude oil' in WordNet: 1. petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil - (a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FossilFuel, :LiquidSubstance, :Mixture, :NaturalTangibleStuff, :Oil, :OrganicSubstance, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance . :PetroleumBasedProduct :guid "c070b7a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$PartiallyTangibleProducts that are derived wholly or principally from #$Petroleum-CrudeOil. This includes crude oil itself, #$PetroleumProducts derived from components of crude oil through #$Refining, and #$Petrochemicals manufactured from refined petroleum products through some chemical alterations. NOTE: the subtype ''Petrochemical'' is more commonly used to refer to the concepts covered in this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Product, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Petroleum ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ] . :PetroleumJelly :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; :wnsense "Vaseline1n", "mineral jelly1n", "petrolatum1n", "petroleum jelly1n" ; :wordnet "Vaseline", "mineral jelly", "petrolatum", "petroleum jelly" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PetroleumJelly'' is a gelatinous semi-solid substance consisting mostly of hydrocarbons, used as a lubricant or for application to the skin to moisturize or soothe a burn or wound. Has little or no water in it. 'Vaseline', though a trademark, is often used as a synonym of 'petroleum jelly'. This substance is firmer and less liquidy than most 'jellies', which are water-based. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'petroleum jelly' in WordNet: 1. petrolatum, petroleum jelly, mineral jelly - (a semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in medicinal ointments and for lubrication) WN 'Vaseline': 1. Vaseline - (a trademarked brand of petroleum jelly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gel, :Lubricant, :OrganicCompound, :PetroleumBasedProduct, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasLittleOfSubstance ] . :PetroleumProduct :guid "c10af524-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An #$ExistingStuffType; a specialization of #$PetroleumBasedProduct. #$PetroleumProducts include both #$Petroleum-CrudeOil and substances derived from it through #$Refining, which are specs of the collection #$PetroleumProduct-Refined. Note: This collection is NOT coextensive with #$Oil; #$Oil includes substances, such as #$EdibleOil, that are not petroleum, and #$PetroleumProduct includes substances, such as #$GasolineFuel, that are not #$Oils. SUMO: PetroleumProduct is a broad class that includes both crude oil (Petroleum) and RefinedPetroleumProducts.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, :PetroleumBasedProduct . :PetroleumProduct-Refined :guid "be5bcd4a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PetroleumProduct. Each instance of #$PetroleumProduct-Refined is petroleum that has been derived from (see #$derivedFrom) crude petroleum (see #$Petroleum-CrudeOil) in an event that is an instance of #$Refining (q.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PetroleumProduct . :PetroleumProductType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PetroleumProductType' is a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take multiple sbtypes of ''PetroleumProduct'' as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProductType, :SubstanceType . :PetroleumReservoir :en "petroleum reservoir" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PetroleumReservoir is a GeologicalReservoir containing Petroleum. This type is the PhysicalObject within that region of rock within the Earth that actually contains Petroleum. A wider geographical region having some PetroleumReservoir underneath is called an 'OilField'..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeologicalReservoir, :MineralResource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Petroleum ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Petroleum ; owl:onProperty :contains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OilField ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PettingAnAnimal :ldoce "pet" ; :wnsense "pet1v" ; :wordnet "pet" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PettingAnAnimal' is an Event in which a person intentionally touches the body of a non-human animal in a gentle, typically stroking manner, with the person's hand. Usually the animal touched will be a furry mammal, but it could be a bird or reptile. This action may be intended to please the animal, or to serve as a soothing action for the person, or both. The 'NonHumanAnimal' petted is usually domesticated, but that is not necessary to fit into this type of Action. RHW sense 8: to fondle or caress: to pet a dog. Includes at least part of verb sense 1 of 'pet' in WordNet: 1. (1) pet - (stroke or caress gently; 'pet the lamb') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TouchingDeliberately, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ] . :Petty :wnsense "petty3adj", "small-minded1adj" ; :wordnet "petty", "small-minded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Petty''is an attribute of Actions that reflectan exaggerated grievance and wish to get revenge for small offenses by others. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'petty' in Wordnet: 3. petty, small-minded - (contemptibly narrow in outlook; 'petty little comments'; 'disgusted with their small-minded pettiness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Peverted :isTheOppositeOf :Conventional ; :wnsense "kinky1adj", "perverted1adj" ; :wordnet "kinky", "perverted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Peverted'' is an AttributeValue of human sexual Behavior that is unconventional and considered improper or immoral by many people, who consider it as showing moral deficiency.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'perverted' in Wordnet: 1. kinky, perverted - ((used of sexual behavior) showing or appealing to bizarre or deviant tastes; 'kinky sex'; 'perverted practices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unusual . :Pew :wnsense "pew1n" ; :wordnet "pew" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pew'' is any one of several ''Bench''es usually with a 'back support' and usually found in a church or other place intended for people to assemble and listen to speakers. In COSMO usage, a ''Pew'' must have a ''BackRest'' otherwise it is just a ''Bench'' even if in a church. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pew in WodNet: 1. (1) pew, church bench - (long bench with backs; used in church by the congregation """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bench, :FurniturePiece, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChurchBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BackRest ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Peyote :guid "bd58e4fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Lophophora williamsii1n", "mescal1n", "mezcal1n", "peyote1n" ; :wordnet "Lophophora williamsii", "mescal", "mezcal", "peyote" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cactus well-known for its hallucinogenic effects. #$Mescaline is a derivative of Peyote. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'peyote' in WordNet: 1. mescal, mezcal, peyote, Lophophora williamsii - (a small spineless globe-shaped cactus; source of mescal buttons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cactus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mescaline ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :PhDDegree :guid "bd58c9a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Doctor of Philosophy1n", "Ph.D.1n", "PhD1n" ; :wordnet "Doctor of Philosophy", "Ph.D.", "PhD" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ph.D.' in WordNet: 1. Ph.D., PhD - (an American doctorate usually based on at least 3 years graduate study and a dissertation; the highest degree awarded by a graduate school) WN noun 'Doctor of Philosophy': 1. (1) Doctor of Philosophy - (a doctorate awarded for original contributions to knowledge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoctoralDegree . :Phantom :wnsense "apparition1n", "apparition3n", "fantasm1n", "fantasm2n", "ghost1n", "phantasm1n", "phantasm2n", "phantasma1n", "phantasma2n", "phantom1n", "phantom2n", "shade7n", "shadow3n", "specter1n", "specter2n", "spectre2n", "spook2n", "wraith1n" ; :wordnet "apparition", "fantasm", "ghost", "phantasm", "phantasma", "phantom", "shade", "shadow", "specter", "spectre", "spook", "wraith" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Phantom'' is an Object that was presented to the mind in an ''Apparition''. This type is neutral as to whether the ''Phantom'' has any objective existence outside the mind, but a ''Phantom'' must be present only when an ''Apparition'' takes place. NOT: the two WN senses differ in that one is the 'spirit' Object that is ghostly, and the other is the 'illusion' of seeing that Object, which is represented in COSMO by ''Apparition''. These are hard to differentiate from the examples given, and multiple additional examples need to be examined. For now, they are combined. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'Phantom' and senses 1 and 3 of 'apparition' in WordNet: 1. (2) apparition, phantom, phantasm, phantasma, fantasm, specter, spectre - (a ghostly appearing figure; 'we were unprepared for the apparition that confronted us') 2. (1) apparition, phantom, phantasm, phantasma, fantasm, shadow - (something existing in perception only; 'a ghostly apparition at midnight') WN noun 'specter': 1. (5) ghost, shade, spook, wraith, specter, spectre - (a mental representation of some haunting experience; 'he looked like he had seen a ghost'; 'it aroused specters from his past') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsciousActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Apparition ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :PharmaceuticalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """PharmaceuticalType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that pertain to more or less well-defined chemical substances that are used officially (in some society) as a medicine..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSubstanceType . :Pharmacist :guid "bd58ddbb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "apothecary1n", "chemist2n", "druggist1n", "pharmacist1n", "pill pusher1n", "pill roller1n" ; :wordnet "apothecary", "chemist", "druggist", "pharmacist", "pill pusher", "pill roller" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of professionals who are trained and licensed to prepare and distribute legal drugs. SUMO: The Profession of being a pharmacist, i.e. preparing and dispensing BiologicallyActiveSubstances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pharmacist' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pharmacist, druggist, chemist, apothecary, pill pusher, pill roller - (a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareProfessional . :PharmacyProduct :en "pharmacy product" ; :wnsense "pharmaceutic1n", "pharmaceutical1n" ; :wordnet "pharmaceutic", "pharmaceutical" ; a :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PharmacyProduct may be a solid or a liquid. A pharmaceutical Substance may be considered as a PharmacyProduct, therefore PharmacyProduct is not restricted to PhysicalObjects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pharmaceutical' in WordNet: 1. pharmaceutical, pharmaceutic - (drug or medicine that is prepared or dispensed in pharmacies and used in medical treatment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Product . :PharmacyProductType :guid "c0fdf171-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: used for both substances and Objects. @ToDo (v0.50) Probably should be distinguished. Cyc: A collection of collections, and a specialization of #$ManufacturedGoodsType. Instances of this collection are types of pharmaceutical products that may be prescribed by a medical professional. Note that this includes drugs -- specializations of #$DrugSubstance -- as well as pharmaceutical devices such as #$TestStrip or #$HearingAid-Prescription. #$PrescriptionDrugType and #$OverTheCounterDrugType are among the specializations of this collection.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Phasianid :wnsense "phasianid1n" ; :wordnet "phasianid" ; a :BirdType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GameBird'' is a ''Bird'' that is hunted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phasianid' in WordNet: 1. phasianid - (a kind of game bird in the family Phasianidae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameBird . :Pheasant :guid "bd58afa1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pheasant1n" ; :wordnet "pheasant" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pheasant' in WordNet: 1. (2) pheasant - (large long-tailed gallinaceous bird native to the Old World but introduced elsewhere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phasianid . :Phenomenal :isMoreIntenseThan :Superlative ; :wnsense "fantastic7adj", "phenomenal1adj" ; :wordnet "fantastic", "phenomenal" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Phenomenal'' is a more intense attribute than ''Superlative'' characterizing things that are also ''Surprising'' in their intensity or size or magnitude. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'phenomenal' in Wordnet: 2. fantastic, phenomenal - (exceedingly or unbelievably great; 'the bomb did fantastic damage'; 'Samson is supposed to have had fantastic strength'; 'phenomenaRl feats of memory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Superlative, :Surprising . :Phenomenon :wnsense "phenomenon1n" ; :wordnet "phenomenon" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A phenomenon is basically any Event that can be objectively studied by the scientific method, which is any Event that has some PhysicalObject as a participant. This differs from the DOLCE treatment of this term. This includes actions by animal, not just natural phenomena. Although many 'phenomena' studied scientifically will focus on the time course of Events, all such Events must involve some type of PhysicalObject, thus the restriction is added to specify what physical objects are involved. the subProperty of 'hasParticipant', 'hadObjectObserved' may be used to specify the PhysicalObject in the Phenomenon when an 'Observation' is being discussed. phenomenon[DOLCE?no_actor_involved]> DOLCE (phenomenon) Therefore, it cannot be sequenced by a task. It can be seen as an accomplishment when some intentionality puts boundaries on it (although it is not claimed to be inherently intentional). On the other hand, a purely physical phenomenon does not seem to have inherent boundaries either ... and also for biological processes as well as economic processes this seems to be disputable. If the boundary hypothesis is discarded, phenomenon should migrate under process. Includes but is perhaps broader than noun sense 1 of 'phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. (26) phenomenon - (any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :ObservableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Phenotype :wnsense "phenotype1n" ; :wordnet "phenotype" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of Attributes of some individual, in contrast to the prototypical attributes of the Group of Organisms with the same Genotype. This is related to the Genotype. How?? As a Pair for each attribute comparing Genotype and Phenotype? This is a shell, it needs to be filled in. need to add genotype and relate the two. This should be an attribute. Appearance - subtype? @ToDo1 RHW: 1. the observable constitution of an organism. 2. the appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the environment. Cf. genotype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phenotype' in WordNet: 1. phenotype - (what an organism looks like as a consequence of the interaction of its genotype and the environment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Components, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrganismPartType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Attribute ] . :Philanthropist :guid "f82e1580-0ee3-41d7-960c-c86febdf48f1" ; :wnsense "altruist1n", "philanthropist1n" ; :wordnet "altruist", "philanthropist" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all people who donate large amounts of money or other items to charities or people in need. NOTE: this is usually applied to rich people who give a lot. That is the sense used here. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'philanthropist' (for big donors - smaller donors are just ''Donor''s) in WordNet: 1. (1) philanthropist, altruist - (someone who makes charitable donations intended to increase human well-being) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Donor, :WealthyPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DonatingLargeAmountsOfMoney ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Philippines :wnsense "Philippines1n" ; :wordnet "Philippines" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Philippines' in WordNet: 1. (2) Philippines, Republic of the Philippines - (a republic on the Philippine Islands; achieved independence from the United States in 1946) """ . :Philology :wnsense "linguistics2n", "philology1n" ; :wordnet "linguistics", "philology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Philology'' is a branch of ''Humanities'' dealing with the ;humanistic' as contrated with 'scientifi' study of language. For the scientific study use ''Linguistics'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philology' in WordNet: 1. linguistics, philology - (the humanistic study of language and literature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Humanities . :Philosopher :guid "bd58ee6a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "philosopher1n" ; :wordnet "philosopher" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Person; in the context of #$HumanActivitiesMt this collection is an instance of #$PersonTypeByActivity, in the context of #$JobMt it is an instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$Philosopher is a person who habitually thinks about philosophical matters such as what is or might be, what we can know, how we can know anything, etc. In the contemporary era most philosophers are academics or professionals, but a significant number (now and historically) don't fit this profile. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philosopher' in WordNet: 1. (15) philosopher - (a specialist in philosophy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Philosophy ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :PhilosophersStone :wnsense "philosopher's stone1n" ; :wordnet "philosopher's stone" ; a :StoneType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PhilosophersStone' is a specialized concept located at a high level in Wordnet, thus is included in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philosopher's stone' in WordNet: 1. philosopher's stone, philosophers' stone, elixir - (a hypothetical substance that the alchemists believed to be capable of changing base metals into gold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :Philosophical :pertainsTo :Philosopher, :PhilosophicalSchool, :Philosophy ; :wnsense "philosophic1adj", "philosophical1adj" ; :wordnet "philosophic", "philosophical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Philosophical'' is an attribute pertaining to ''Philosophy'' and ''PhilosophicalSchool''s and people and procedures and activities characteristic of ''Philosophy'',as well as the ideas, theories, and writings and sayings of ''Philosopher''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'philosophical' in Wordnet: 1. (7) philosophic, philosophical - (of or relating to philosophy or philosophers; 'philosophical writing'; 'a considerable knowledge of philosophical terminology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PhilosophicalSchool :guid "bd58d739-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "doctrine1n", "ism1n", "philosophical system1n", "philosophy1n", "school of thought1n" ; :wordnet "doctrine", "ism", "philosophical system", "philosophy", "school of thought" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of many sets of beliefs that are held as a related system of beliefs by enough people to be given a name, often ending in the suffix '-ism'. For religious systems use subtype ''ReligiousDoctrine''. CYC: ('PhilosophyBeliefs'): The class of #$BeliefSystems that deal in rather abstract terms with what can be known, what is and what can be, and/or with what should be. Sample elements of #$PhilosophyBeliefs include #$MilesianSchoolBeliefs, #$ThalesPhilosophy, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philosophy' in WordNet: 1. (12) doctrine, philosophy, philosophical system, school of thought, ism - (a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeliefSystem . :PhilosophicalTheory :wnsense "philosophical doctrine1n", "philosophical theory1n" ; :wordnet "philosophical doctrine", "philosophical theory" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :MentalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'philosophical theory' in WordNet: 1. philosophical doctrine, philosophical theory - (a doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhilosophicalSchool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Philosophy ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Philosophy :wnsense "philosophy2n" ; :wordnet "philosophy" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''FieldOfStudy'' whose topics Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'philosophy' in WordNet: 2. (8) philosophy - (the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Humanities . :Phlegm :wnsense "phlegm2n", "sputum1n" ; :wordnet "phlegm", "sputum" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of oozy, slimy secretion found in many different places in and on one's body, including in your nose. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'phlegm' in WordNet: 2. phlegm, sputum - (expectorated matter; saliva mixed with discharges from the respiratory passages; in ancient and medieval physiology it was believed to cause sluggishness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mucus . :Phlegm-Feeling :wnsense "emotionlessness1n", "impassiveness1n", "impassivity1n", "indifference2n", "phlegm1n", "stolidity1n", "unemotionality1n" ; :wordnet "emotionlessness", "impassiveness", "impassivity", "indifference", "phlegm", "stolidity", "unemotionality" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phlegm' in WordNet: 1. emotionlessness, impassivity, impassiveness, phlegm, indifference, stolidity, unemotionality - (apathy demonstrated by an absence of emotional reactions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indifference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uninvolved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PhloxPlant :guid "bd58a897-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "phlox1n" ; :wordnet "phlox" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phlox' in WordNet: 1. phlox - (any polemoniaceous plant of the genus Phlox; chiefly North American; cultivated for their clusters of flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :Phobia :guid "c10b5bcf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "phobia1n", "phobic disorder1n", "phobic neurosis1n" ; :wordnet "phobia", "phobic disorder", "phobic neurosis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$PsychologicalAilments characterized by a persistent, abnormal, and irrational fear of a specific thing or situation that compels one to avoid it, despite the awareness and reassurance that it is not dangerous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phobia' in WordNet: 1. phobia, phobic disorder, phobic neurosis - (an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations; 'phobic disorder is a general term for all phobias') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnxietyDisorder . :Phoenix :wnsense "phoenix3n" ; :wordnet "phoenix" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Phoenix'' is a mythical ''Bird'' that is effectively 'immortal' by renewing itself in fire.. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'phoenix' in WordNet: 3. phoenix - (a legendary Arabian bird said to periodically burn itself to death and emerge from the ashes as a new phoenix; according to most versions only one phoenix lived at a time and it renewed itself every 500 years) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird, :MythicalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immortal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legend ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MiddleEast ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ] . :Phonathon :en "phonathon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Phonathon'' is a ''FundRaisingCampaign' performed by a GroupOfPeople making telephone calls to solicit money. RHW 'phonathon': a campaign to solicit funds or support in which volunteers make phone calls to prospective donors or supporters. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Campaign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FundRaising ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :Phoneme :guid "c0858b3e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "phoneme1n" ; :wordnet "phoneme" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The abstract symbol representing a unit of sound in some spoken language. This is not the sound itself. Cyc: The collection of #$Phonemes. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound which affects the meaning of a word. Different languages have different phonemes but there are general classes of phonemes which are used to categorise phonemes across languages. See the specs of this collection for those classes. Example: ie represents an #$EnglishLanguage #$Diphthong-Vowel, which is a kind of phoneme. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phoneme' in Wordnet: 1. (2) phoneme - ((linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbol, :LinguisticObject . :PhoneticWritingSystem :wnsense "orthography1n", "writing system1n" ; :wordnet "orthography", "writing system" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PhoneticWritingSystem'' is a ''NotationalSystem'' for writing a Language that uses a Group of ''NotationalSymbol''s (''AbstractSymbol''s) ordered by a writing convention (order of the symbols, left to right or vice-versa, top to bottom, capitalization, pronunciation, spacing, etc) to represent the sounds and organization for words in a Humanlanguage Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writing system' in WordNet: 1. orthography, writing system - (a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotationalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Alphabet ] . :Phonetician :guid "c1580785-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "phonetician1n" ; :wordnet "phonetician" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Linguist specializing in #$Phonetics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phonetician' in WordNet: 1. phonetician - (a specialist in phonetics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Linguist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Phonetics ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Phonetics :wnsense "phonetics1n" ; :wordnet "phonetics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phonetics' in WordNet: 1. (1) phonetics - (the branch of acoustics concerned with speech processes including its production and perception and acoustic analysis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acoustics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmittingSound ; owl:onProperty :hasSubject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingAnOralSound ; owl:onProperty :hasSubject ] . :Phonograph :wnsense "phonograph1n", "record player1n" ; :wordnet "phonograph", "record player" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Phonograph'' is a ''Device'' that can 'play' a ''VinylRecord''. The sound emitted does not have to be music, it can be speech, or even animal sounds. NOTE: this is classified for convenience as a '''usicalInstrument''. If there is a logical description of ''MusicalInstrument'' that excludes this, this relation can be deleted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phonograph' in WordNet: 1. (1) record player, phonograph - (machine in which rotating records cause a stylus to vibrate and the vibrations are amplified acoustically or electronically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcousticDevice, :MediaPlayingDevice, :MusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VinylRecord ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Phonologist :guid "c05267dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "phonologist1n" ; :wordnet "phonologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Linguist specializing in #$Phonology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phonologist' in WordNet: 1. phonologist - (a specialist in phonology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Linguist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Phonology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Phonology :wnsense "phonemics1n", "phonology1n" ; :wordnet "phonemics", "phonology" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phonology' in WordNet: 1. (5) phonology, phonemics - (the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Linguistics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Linguistics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Phoneme ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Phosphate :guid "bfe730b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :PhosphateIon ; :wnsense "inorganic phosphate1n", "orthophosphate1n", "phosphate1n" ; :wordnet "inorganic phosphate", "orthophosphate", "phosphate" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An inorganic salt (any cation) that has phosphate as its anionic component. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phosphate' in WordNet: 1. (9) phosphate, orthophosphate, inorganic phosphate - (a salt of phosphoric acid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhosphateIon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :PhosphateGroup a :ChemicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhosphateGroup'' is an AtomGroup containing Phosphorus and Oxygen in the ratio of 1:4 (PO4). This group may have a negative charge, but not necessarily, as fully substituted ''PhosphateGroup''s can be stable. a \" nucleotide \" has only one such group """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalMoiety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FourOxygenAtoms ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OnePhosphorusAtom ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :PhosphateIon :en "phosphate ion" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An anionic substance each unit object of which is one phospate Group, each group having one to three negative charges. Each phospate has one Phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms, and zero to two hydrogen atoms, dependingon the number of associated cations """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anion . :PhosphoLipid :hasComponentSubstance :Nitrogen, :Phosphorus ; :wnsense "phospholipid1n" ; :wordnet "phospholipid" ; a :LipidType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhosphoLipid'' is a ''Lipid'' that has Phosphorus as part of its chemical constitution. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phospholipid' in WordNet: 1. phospholipid - (any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lipid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Phosphorus ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nitrogen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Phosphorus :hasProtonCount "15"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "phosphorus1n" ; :wordnet "phosphorus" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An essential component of DNA and RNA, each atom has 15 protons in the nucleus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phosphorus' in Wordnet: 1. (1) phosphorus, P, atomic number 15 - (a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement . :PhosphorusAtom :en "phosphorus atom" ; :enn "phosphorus atom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "One atom of ''Phosphorus''; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Phosphorus ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :PhosphorusCompound a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ChemicallyDefinedSubstance containing Phosphorus in its molecule..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Phosphorus ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Photocopy :guid "c1006d36-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "photocopy1n" ; :wordnet "photocopy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of copies of documents produced by a photographic process, such as xerography. NOTE: this differs from the parent ''ImageCopy'' only in being a 'paper' copy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photocopy' in WordNet: 1. photocopy - (a photographic copy of written or printed or graphic work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentCopy, :Paper-IBO, :SheetOfPaper . :Photograph :guid "bd58d9ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "photograph", "picture", "shot" ; :wnsense "photo1n", "photograph1n", "pic2n", "picture1n", "shot7n", "snapshot1n" ; :wordnet "photo", "photograph", "pic", "picture", "shot", "snapshot" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is a sheet of material containing an image produced by photography; this includes prints, slides, negatives, and photos printed on sheet-like objects other than traditional photographic paper (such as glass or plastic film). Digital images are not included in this type, they will be subtypes of 'AbstractImage' but do not yet (v0.37) have a representation in COSMO. Each instance of this type is a physical representation of an AbstractImage. SUMO: An Icon that is the result of a process of Photographing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photograph' and includes part of sense 1 of 'picture' in WordNet: 1. (17) photograph, photo, exposure, pic - (a picture of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide; recorded by a camera on light-sensitive material) WN noun 'picture': 1. (27) picture, image, icon, ikon - (a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; 'they showed us the pictures of their wedding'; 'a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them') WN noun 'shot': 7. (76) snapshot, snap, shot - (an informal photograph; usually made with a small hand-held camera; 'my snapshots haven't been developed yet'; 'he tried to get unposed shots of his friends\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :ExposedFilmSheet, :GenericPhotograph, :HumanAccessibleIBO, :Picture, :SheetOfSomeStuff . :Photographer :ldoce "photographer" ; :wnsense "lensman1n", "photographer1n" ; :wordnet "lensman", "photographer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any person who takes photographs or videos for sale or publication, or as a major part of an employment position. For one who make Movies, us subtype ''Cameraman''. Just taking photographs for personal use does not make one a 'Photographer'. 'professional photographers' who make most of their money from selling photographs or are employed to take photographs would be a subtype. @ToDo: this currently includes people who take photographs and put them on an a *public* on-line site like Flickr, but only if they are more than casual about knowing how to take good photographs, and do that a lot, over more than a year; that would be 'publication'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photographer' in WordNet; this may be broader than WordNet as it does not require that a Photographer have photography as his/her main source of income,just for some use in distribution. in WordNet: 1. photographer, lensman - (someone who takes photographs professionally) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingaPhotograph ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Photographic :pertainsTo :Photograph, :PhotographicFilm, :Photography ; :wnsense "photographic1adj" ; :wordnet "photographic" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Photographic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Photography, ''Photograph''s, and characteristic photographic processes and attributes. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'photographic' in Wordnet: 1. (7) photographic - (relating to photography or obtained by using photography; 'photographic equipment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PhotographicDeveloperType :wnsense "developer2n" ; :wordnet "developer" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PhotographicDeveloperType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances that can function to cause a latent image on photographic film (or plate) to become visible by causing reactions on the exposed or unexposed parts of the light-sensitive coating, This type includes as subtypes both the chemical agents that can be used to prepare developer solutions, as well as the solutions containing these agents. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'developer' in WordNet: 2. developer - (photographic equipment consisting of a chemical solution for developing film) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSubstanceType . :PhotographicFilm :guid "bd5901e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "film" ; :wnsense "film5n", "photographic film1n" ; :wordnet "film", "photographic film" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A substance consisting of transparent plastic sheet, coated with an emulsion of light-sensitive substance like silver chloride. Since it can be subdivided and still be photographic film, it is considered as a substance. A piece of such film would be an object. For the 'movie' captured on pfotographic film, see 'Movie'. ToDo: specify two layers, and components of the layers. SUMO: Celluloid covered with an emulsion which can be converted into photographic negatives by a Camera. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photographic film' and sense 5 of 'film' in WordNet: 1. film, photographic film - (photographic material consisting of a base of celluloid covered with a photographic emulsion; used to make negatives or transparencies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Film-SheetOrCoating, :InformationStorageMedia, :ThermoplasticSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plastic ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emulsion ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Photography :ldoce "photography" ; :wnsense "photography1n" ; :wordnet "photography" ; a :GroupType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the Topic of 'Photography', which includes ''TakingaPhotograph'' as one element of the Group of Actions that are part of the Topic. Also included are Photographs and Cameras. NOTE that the photograph produced need not be FineArt, it can be some visual art object that has a practical purpose, such as photographs taken for personal use or commercial use, as well as for the sake of Art. This includes taking hard copy or digital images. The restriction specifies that a 'CapturedImage' (an 'Abstractimage') is produced; a physical image is also produced (even if in a digital storage medium), but it is notnecessary to specify that. Includes both the amateur and professional (occupational) senses of 'photography', but the occupation itself would be represented separately. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photography' in WordNet: 1. (1) photography, picture taking - (the act of taking and printing photographs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActivityTopic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingaPhotograph ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Photograph ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Camera ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Photon :wnsense "photon1n" ; :wordnet "photon" ; a :EmittableThingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Photon is a subatomic particle that packages a certain amount of electromagnetic radiation at a particular wavelength. It has zero rest mass, but a relativistic mass that depends on its frequency according to Planck's law. This is classified here as a PhysicalObject, though it is a weird one, and a bunch of moving photons are classified as an Event(!). That's quantum mechanics for you. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'photon' in Wordnet: 1. (1) photon - (a quantum of electromagnetic radiation; an elementary particle that is its own antiparticle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NanoScaleObject, :SubAtomicParticle . :PhotosensitiveFilmCoating :en "photosensitive film coating" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhotosensitiveFilmCoating'' is a ''PhotosensitiveSubstance'' that is applied as a coating to some film (or plate) where it can detect light (potentially distinguishing colors), and preserve an image focused on the film. There are several types of photosensitive materials and the 'development' process may differ with the type of photosensitive material. In any case, parts of the coating will be exposed when the image is taken, and other parts will not be, with gradations in between, where the exposed and unexposed grains are mixed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhotosensitiveSubstance . :PhotosensitiveSubstance :en "photosensitive substance" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhotosensitiveSubstance'' is an ''ArtificialSubstance'' prepared specifically for use in applications that involve detecting light. The most well-known is the photosensitive granular material contained in the photographic emulsion on ''PhotographicFilm''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance . :Photosynthesis :en "plant photosynthesis" ; :guid "bd5902d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "photosynthesis1n" ; :wordnet "photosynthesis" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Photosynthesis'' is a ''BiochemicalReaction'' that occurs in Plants in which ''BiochemicalCompound''s as well as Oxygen are produced from the energy absorbed from light impinging on the organism in which the reaction occurs. Some form of ''Chlorophyll'' is involved in this type of reaction. In CYC different forms of photosynthesis are represented. This type is for plants, represented as 'Photosynthesis-Plant' inCYC. CYC: 'Photosynthesis-Plant': A collection of events in which plants convert energy captured from sunlight into usable chemical energy for their metabolic needs. Online: \" Photosynthetic organisms include plants, algae, euglena and bacteria \" Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'photosynthesis' (for plants or algae) in WordNet: 1. photosynthesis - (synthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalReaction, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alga ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Phototroph :en "phototroph" ; :enn "phototroph" ; :guid "bf1f16c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of all instances of #$Bacterium that use energy converted from sunlight for the cell's #$BiologicalMetabolismEvent. Part of RHW 'phototroph' any organism that uses light as its principal source of energy. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium . :Phrase :ldoce "phrase" ; :wnsense "phrase1n", "phrase3n", "syntagm1n", "syntagma1n" ; :wordnet "phrase", "syntagm", "syntagma" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specific sequential group of Words or other symbols (such as punctuation or logical symbols) in a Language, which function as a unit, i.e. as a unit they express some meaning in the Language. A Phrase should be short, but there are no absolute restrictions on length; a ''Phrase'' can be the complete set of words represented by any ''TextualMaterial'' (Physical text) of any length. A ''Phrase'' can be a single ''Word'' ('Scram!') A Phrase does not have to designate one specific thing, it can be a part of a sentence such as the subject or a predicate or a dependent clause. A Phrase is the abstract symbolic content (not the propositional content) of some act that creates language - a speech act, a writing act, or any other act (such as punching a telegraph key) that creates some physical representation of a group of words that together have meaning in a language. It is an AbstractString consisting of substrings that are words and punctuation. To be a Phrase it must have some meaning beyond the content of a single word; a Phrase can consist of a single word ('Yes.'), but in such cases the meaning must be derived from the context surrounding that word, as well as the word itself. Expletives are borderline, but the context and punctuation of an expletive provides meaning not contained in the lexical unit alone. A Phrase represents the abstract linguistic content of some act of producing language. In representing the content of some speech or writing act, a Phrase may be a literal transcription, or may be a summary, or merely a brief description of the gist of some statement. Allowing paraphrases will allow direct attribution of a Phrase to its original source, even though the exact original words are not known and only a summary of the content is available. The distinctions between these properties of a Phrase are not yet (v0.55) represented in COSMO. @ToDo - this type needs properties (enumerated?) to express those distinctions. A Phrase may be parsed in more than one way, and a Word may be defined as more than one lexical unit, having embedded spaces. Therefore a given string may be represented by more than one Phrase. A Phrase can be a single word (e.g. 'Yes.'). Therefore it cannot be an OrderedGroup, which must have more than one element. It is a subtype of both Group and List (a List can have one element in it). Includes senses 1 and 3 of noun 'phrase' in Wordnet, but is not limited to grammatical constituents or idiomatic phrases. 1. (10) phrase - (an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence) 3. (1) idiom, idiomatic expression, phrasal idiom, set phrase, phrase - (an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up) WN noun 'syntagma': 1. syntagma, syntagm - (a syntactic string of words that forms a part of some larger syntactic unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :WordString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TextualMaterial ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Phraseology :wnsense "choice of words1n", "diction2n", "expression5n", "formulation3n", "phraseology1n", "phrasing2n", "rhetoric1n", "verbiage2n", "wording1n" ; :wordnet "choice of words", "diction", "expression", "formulation", "phraseology", "phrasing", "rhetoric", "verbiage", "wording" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Phraseology' is a ''LinguisticManner'' (an ''AttributeType'') that characterizes the specific choice of and order of words in some use of language. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phraseology' in WordNet: 1. (1) wording, diction, phrasing, phraseology, choice of words, verbiage - (the manner in which something is expressed in words; 'use concise military verbiage ' - G.S.Patton) WN noun 'expression': 5. (4) formulation, expression - (the style of expressing yourself; 'he suggested a better formulation'2; 'his manner of expression showed how much he cared') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticManner . :Physical :ldoce "physical" ; :pertainsTo :Physics ; :wnsense "physical2adj" ; :wordnet "physical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Physical' is the attribute of sciences that deal with the laws of Physics, or an attribute of the laws of Physics themselves For 'physical' as the opposite of 'Abstract' use ''Concrete-Adj'' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'physical' in WordNet: 2. (16) physical - (relating to the sciences dealing with matter and energy; especially physics; 'physical sciences'; 'physical laws') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Physical-Material :isTheOppositeOf :Abstract ; :ldoce "material", "physical" ; :pertainsTo :Physics ; :wnsense "material2adj", "physical3adj" ; :wordnet "material", "physical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Physical-Material' is the attribute of objects that have mass, of energy, of space in out universe, of PhysicalSubstances, and of Events and processes that involve objects with mass. This is the attribute of phenomena that can be detected by measuring instruments, and are susceptible to study by experimental techniques because they follow physical laws. This is the sense used for types 'PhysicalObject' , 'PhysicalSubstance', and most other types that include Physical in the name. NOTE that 'material possessions' can include Money, which is neither a PhysicalObject nor a PhysicalSubstance, so 'Money' does not have this attribute, and 'material possessions' would have to be a defined term in itself. @ToDo: add it if needed. Because this includes physical Events, it does not correspond exactly to sense 2 of adjective 'material' in WordNet. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'physical', and includes but is not rstricted to adjective sense 2 of 'material' in WordNet: 3. (6) physical - (having substance or material existence; perceptible to the senses; 'a physical manifestation'; 'surrounded by tangible objects') WN adjective 'material': 2. (4) material - (derived from or composed of matter; 'the material universe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PhysicalAppearance :ldoce "appearance" ; :wnsense "appearance1n", "visual aspect1n" ; :wordnet "appearance", "visual aspect" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhysicalAppearance'' is the overall Appearance of some PhysicalObject. For the appearance of a ''Person'' the subtype ''PersonalAppearance'' is more specific. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'appearance' and part of sense 1 of'look' (for a Person's bodily appearance) in WordNet: 1. (23) appearance, visual aspect - (outward or visible aspect of a person or thing) WN noun 'look': 3. (9) look - (physical appearance; 'I don't like the looks of this place') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appearance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObjectOrEvent ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :PhysicalArray :wnsense "array1n" ; :wordnet "array" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''PhysicalArray'' is an 'Arrangement' of ''PhysicalObject''s that has some two-dimensional Ordering describable in geometric terms (not necessarily created by an IntelligentAgent). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'array' in WordNet: 1. (4) array - (an orderly arrangement; 'an array of troops in battle order') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrangement, :TwoDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arraying ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :PhysicalAttribute :wnsense "physical property1n" ; :wordnet "physical property" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Subtypes are Attributes of PhysicalObjects or PhysicalSubstances.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physical property' in WordNet: 1. (6) physical property - (a property used to characterize physical objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :PhysicalAxis :en "physical axis of rotation" ; :enn "physical axis of rotation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhysicalAxis'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that is located along the ''AxisOfRotation'' of some ''SpinningObject''. This does not have to be a discrete object (such as an axle of a car), but can be only that part of the SpinningObject that is close to the ''AxisOfRotation'', so that it is a ''LongAndThinThing''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AxisOfRotation ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :PhysicalCharacter :ldoce "character" ; :wnsense "character8n", "grapheme1n", "graphic symbol1n" ; :wordnet "character", "grapheme", "graphic symbol" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A ''physical character' is a Physical ''TextMarking'' on some surface (including the light-emitting elements of a computer screen text image). WordNet does not distinguish between physical and abstract characters. Both use the same labels, and the meanings have to be interpreted from the context. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'character' in WordNet: 8. character, grapheme, graphic symbol - (a written symbol that is used to represent speech; 'the Greek alphabet has 24 characters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextMarking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractCharacter ] . :PhysicalComfort :wnsense "comfort1n" ; :wordnet "comfort" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The absence of pains or aches or hunger or other disagreeable sensations intense enough to cause distraction from ordinary activities in life. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 1. (5) comfort, comfortableness - (a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain; 'he is a man who enjoys his comfort'; 'she longed for the comfortableness of her armchair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comfort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PainOrAche ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :PhysicalContactLocation :guid "c10ad9b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Place and #$ContactLocation. Each instance of #$PhysicalContactLocation is the principal place where an #$Agent can be physically found. A person's physical contact location would typically be a home or office. For an organization, it typically would be the location of its place of business or its headquarters. Note that a purely procedural method for getting in touch with someone, such as their Post Office Box number in a certain city, is not a #$PhysicalContactLocation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContactLocation, :Place . :PhysicalContactMakingEvent :en "come into contact", "contacting", "make contact", "touching" ; :env "come into contact", "make contact" ; :guid "c104dcba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "contact2v", "touch1v", "touch5v" ; :wordnet "contact", "touch" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of physical contact events in which two or more objects come into physical contact with one another (see #$touches). At the start of a #$PhysicalContactMakingEvent the objects in question (see #$objectsInContact) are spatially separated; they make contact sometime during the event, and might or might not be touching at the end of the event. Specializations of #$PhysicalContactMakingEvent include #$HittingAnObject and #$Landing. NOTE: The WN does not seem to have a sense of 'contact' meaning 'make contact' - sense 2 is mostly 'be in contact', but it will be included here. More disambiguation needed. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'contact' in Wordnet: 2. touch, adjoin, meet, contact - (be in direct physical contact with; make contact; 'The two buildings touch'; 'Their hands touched'; 'The wire must not contact the metal cover'; 'The surfaces contact at this point') WN verb 'touch': 1. (33) touch - (make physical contact with, come in contact with; 'Touch the stone for good luck'; 'She never touched her husband') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectGroup ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalContactSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :PhysicalContactSituation :en "physical contact situation" ; :enn "physical contact situation" ; :guid "bfffa642-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all temporal situations in which two or more tangible objects are touching (see #$touches) for at least part of the situation's duration. This includes an object's rubbing against another, objects colliding, as well as static touching configurations. Note that, although most types of #$PhysicalEvents involve some kind of touching, only those types for which contact is salient should be subcollections of #$PhysicalContactSituation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSituation . :PhysicalContext a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The PhysicalContext in a Situational is the set of physical objects and attributes that exist at a particular time an in a particular place that affect the way an Agent will make a decision, and may affect the outcome of that decision. A simple PhysicalContext is, for example, who is present and interacting with the Agent. What is the location, time, temperature? Is the agent indoors or outdoors? On land or sea, or underwater? Is anything happening that can physically affect the Agent?""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationalContextComponent . :PhysicalCreationEvent :guid "be92955a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type is the root type for Events in which a characteristic part of the Event is creation of some PhysicalObject (or PhysicalSubstance). Cyc: The collection of all #$CreationEvents in which something #$PartiallyTangible is created.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, :PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent . :PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent :guid "bdfbe14f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent. During each instance of #$PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent, one or more physical objects (instances of #$PartiallyTangible) come into or go out of existence. If the object created or destroyed in an event is not physical (e.g., if it is an agreement or a conceptual work), then the event should be an instance of the more general collection #$CreationOrDestructionEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationOrDestructionEvent, :Event . :PhysicalDesign :wnsense "design4n", "figure12n", "pattern3n" ; :wordnet "design", "figure", "pattern" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'design' in Wordnet: 4. (2) design, pattern, figure - (a decorative or artistic work; 'the coach had a design on the doors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drawing-Depiction, :SurfacePattern . :PhysicalDestructionEvent :guid "bf88ea64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "destroy" ; :wnsense "destroy1v", "destruct2v" ; :wordnet "destroy", "destruct" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the 'destruction' of something is not necessarily bad,in fact many processes that are beneficial involve transformations, which include both creation and destruction. So this is not a subtype of 'DamagingEvent', it merely represents Events in which some agent causes something to not exist after the Event. BUT NOTE: this term may be misleading - perhaps this should be labeled differently. This differs somewhat from the CYC term: CYC: The collection of all #$DestructionEvents in which something #$PartiallyTangible is destroyed via physical means. Examples include natural disasters (cf. #$DisasterEvent), #$KillingByOrganisms, and disassemblings (cf. #$TakingApartAnArtifact). For cases where at least some portion of the thing destroyed becomes incorporated into a new created thing, see the more specialized #$PhysicalTransformationEvent. See also the reifiable functions #$PhysicalDestructionFn and #$PhysicalDestructionByMeansOfFn. Includes part of sense 1 of 'destroy' in WordNet: WN 'destroy': 1. (48) destroy, destruct - (do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of; 'The fire destroyed the house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DestructionEvent, :PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :PhysicalEventRecord :wnsense "written account1n", "written record1n" ; :wordnet "written account", "written record" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''PhysicalEventRecord'' is any written ''WrittenRecord'' that contains a description of some Event written by a participant or observer as a means of recording the event so as to be able to remember it accurately. The writing can be handwriting or typing or computer keyboard entry. this document is abstractly represented by a ''NarrativeRecord''. This can be a note written 'for the file' to preserve information of an Event while it is still fresh in the memory of a participant, for possible later reference. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'written record' in WordNet: 1. written record, written account - (a written document preserving knowledge of facts or events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :NarrativeRecord ] . :PhysicalEvidence a :ObjectType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PhysicalEvidence is a PhysicalTrace (a PhysicalObject) that is persistent over time, and thus allows more than one Agent to examine it. In this interpretation, the act of testimony at a trial is not itself 'Evidence' but the recordings of that testimony, either in an official transcript, or in the minds of the listeners, would be 'PhysicalEvidence'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence, :PhysicalTrace . :PhysicalExchange a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PhysicalExchange'' is a ''WorkingLocation'' where items of value such as stocks, bonds, or commodities are traded. This is a physical place. For the more abstract 'exchange' that is an electronically connected Group of sites for trading, the type ''VirtualExchange'' can be used. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SecuritiesExchange, :WorkingLocation . :PhysicalExtent :wnsense "extent2n" ; :wordnet "extent" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PhysicalExtent'' is an ''Extent'' that is either a distance to which something extends or an area over which something extends, such as a flood or wildfire. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'extent' in WordNet: 2. (15) extent - (the distance or area or volume over which something extends; 'the vast extent of the desert'; 'an orchard of considerable extent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extent . :PhysicalFeature a :PhysicalFeatureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalFeature is either a part of a PhysicalObject, or some hole, cavity, or path through an object that has some spatial shape and can reasonably be referred to as something having some kind of identity. It is parasitic on the PhysicalObject that gives it its identity, and therefore has the character of a Role. It is possible in some cases, like a handle, to be an Object that has had a separate identity at manufacture time, but is always viewed in its role as being or intended to be part of another object. Holes in Objects or bumps on objects are common Features that are not simply identifiable as traditional parts of objects. Features also include parts that are colored differently from other parts of an object: a tatoo on a person's skin is a PhysicalFeature. Also included are parts that are attached or embedded, such as the hair on an animal, or the absence of hair in certain parts (e.g. a bald patch at the crown of the head). This category is heterogeneous, its subtypes being either regions or PhysicalObjects, or the absence of parts of PhysicalObjects where they might ordinarily be.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectFeature, :Role . :PhysicalFeatureType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of Feature as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :PhysicalFilter :guid "bd58b325-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Filters are not necessarily Networks, since matted fibers are not physically connected to each other by links, but are retained in shape by topological constraints. But a 'Net' is a Network as well as a PhysicalFilter. Being a 'PhysicalFilter' means that it is a form of barrier that is only non-permeable to solid objects greater than a certain (variable) size. Cyc: #$PhysicalFilter is a specialization of #$NonPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$PhysicalFilter is a simple physical filter device, which allows some materials/objects to pass through, while preventing others from doing so. Some notable specializations are #$CoffeeFilter and #$WindowScreen. Natural filters do not fall within this collection. COSMO note: this generic concept of 'Filter' includes things not always called filters, such as screens used for filtering solid mixtures. For the more common liquid and gas filters, use 'Filter'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice . :PhysicalFitness :isTheAbsenceOf :Insanity ; :wnsense "condition5n", "fitness2n", "physical fitness1n", "shape6n" ; :wordnet "condition", "fitness", "physical fitness", "shape" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PhysicalFitness'' is the condition of being physically Healthy - a state of health, which is both the absence of any significant abnormal bodily (excluding mental) function, and good muscular strength and stamina. NOTE: that this is a PersistentState, which is a type of Event that has a beginning and ending time. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'fitness.' in WordNet: 2. (1) fitness, physical fitness, good shape, good condition - (good physical condition; being in shape or in condition) WN 'condition': 5. (19) condition, shape - (the state of (good) health (especially in the phrases 'in condition' or 'in shape' or 'out of condition' or 'out of shape')) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Health, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weakness ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :PhysicalForce :wnsense "force3n" ; :wordnet "force" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhysicalForce'' is any 'pulling' or 'pushing' that is observed, by measuring acceleration of motion, or by observing a static event in which one force balances another to prevent motion. Physical forces can be attractive or repulsive, and may be caused by any of several fundamental properties of matter as investigated in Physics. (gravity, electromagnetic, weak, strong) Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'force' in WordNet: 3. (133) force - ((physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; 'force equals mass times acceleration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Natural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Acceleration ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Force ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :PhysicalGeographicMap :ldoce "map" ; :wnsense "map1n" ; :wordnet "map" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalMap that represents a GeographicMap. WordNet noun sense 1 of 'map' seems to include both abstract and physical senses: in WordNet: 1. (7) map - (a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalMap . :PhysicalImage :en "physical image" ; :enn "physical image" ; :ldoce "image" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type represents a physical still image, in any physical format, including markings on a surface (see 'StillImage'), a representation in the brain ('MentalImage') or on some electronic medium such as computer memory or CD, or the light waves within an optical device. There is no WordNet representation for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericImage, :InformationBearingObject, :VisualInformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractImage ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :PhysicalLabel :guid "c098f561-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "label1n", "label4n" ; :wordnet "label" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalLabel is a physical artifact that is a SymbolicObject, and is created with the intention of designating the identity or some quality of a PhysicalObject to which it is affixed. The PhysicalLabel may be stamped onto the labeled object (such as the serial number of a pistol, or the VIN on some part of an automobile), or may be a metal tag or paper tag attached by glue or cement to the object, or may be a separate tag that is affixed to the labeled object with a string or wire. This Type corresponds with the physical label sense of the English word 'label', and is distinct from the abstract sense used when one says, for example, that a word 'labels' a concept. This is a ''PhysicalObject'' that carries identifying information about some ''PhysicalObject'', whether identifying its type or (as with a serial number) identifying the individual Object. The ''Label'' can be a separate PhysicalObject that is affixed in some way to the Object being labelled (such as pasting on, or by tying it to the Object) or can be written on the object or stamped into it, creating an incised text or symbol (such as 'i4K' or a manufacturer's name stamped into jewelry). In the case of a stamped ''Label'' is the part of the object that contains the incision. CYC ('Label-IBO'): The collection of all labels, namely those #$InformationBearingObjects that serve to identify the object to which they are attached. This is the most general form of such things and includes a wide range of examples. Easily identified subsets include #$ProductLabels and #$AddressLabels. Other, not so obvious examples include a radio isotope that serves to identify a particular gene. Thus an intangible projection of light onto a wall cannot serve as a label although it may contain information about something (see #$containsInformationAbout). A borderline positive example is a magnetic strip containing information about the object to which it is attached. A PhysicalLabel does not have to be an identifier of an individual object, such as a serial number tag; it can also be a tag providing information about the nature of the object (or its contents, if it is affixed to a container). A label saying 'FLAMMABLE' or \"BIOHAZARD', or a graphical symbol having either of those meanings would be a PhysicalLabel in this sense. In contrast, the abstract symbol for 'BIOHAZARD\" (a stylized representation of a four-unit cluster of a coccoid bacterium) would be an abstract label, and a physical tag with a representation of that symbol would be a corresponding PhysicalLabel. This corresponds to sense 4 of 'label' in WordNet. 4. (1) label - (an identifying or descriptive marker that is attached to an object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLabel, :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :PortableObject, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Labelling ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Identifier ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :PhysicalMap :ldoce "map" ; :wnsense "map1n" ; :wordnet "map" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A physical object that has a Map represented on it. It will often be a sheet of paper, but could be any image-bearing object. WordNet noun sense 1 of 'map' seems to include both abstract and physical senses: in WordNet: 1. (7) map - (a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StillImage . :PhysicalMargin :wnsense "margin7n" ; :wordnet "margin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PhysicalMargin' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that forms a border on some side(s) of a larger PhysicalObject.It may be part of the larger object, or adjacent to it. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'margin' in WordNet: 7. edge, margin - (a strip near the boundary of an object; 'he jotted a note on the margin of the page') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAlongside ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :PhysicalObject :BFO "MaterialEntity" ; :ldoce "matter", "object" ; :wnsense "matter1n", "object1n", "physical object1n" ; :wordnet "matter", "object", "physical object" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject is an Object that has mass. The mass is relativistic, i.e. the Object does not have to have rest mass; so, a photon and other fundamental particles are 'PhysicalObject's, just as are the ordinary objects like rocks, baseballs, and automobiles. In COSMO some *quantity* of substance (e.g. the water in a glass of water) is also a PhysicalObject (more specifically, an instance of the subtype 'LiquidObject'). Quantities of gas are also PhysicalObjects (more specifically, 'GaseousObject's such as the 'EarthsAtmosphere'). NOTE that a PhysicalSubstance such as Air or Water is not a PhysicalObject, but is the material of which PhysicalObjects consist. See 'PhysicalSubstance' for more detail on the relation of substances and objects in COSMO. Because the determining characteristic of a PhysicalObject is that it has some mass, COSMO has a restriction that instances of PhysicalObject *should* specify the mass, using the relation 'hasMassInGrams', but this is not required. Specifying a Mass can be a nuisance when dealing with Objects whose mass is not even approximately known (as buildings). The convention is adopted that a mass of '-1' will be interpreted as an unknown mass. If a mass is known approximately it can be specified, and zeros in the last digits will be interpreted as the range of uncertaintly. The mass figures can be very approximate - at the OWL phase, the value of the relation 'hasMassInGrams' should be interpreted as only an approximation within an order of magnitude. When more precise mass figures are needed, the relation 'hasMass' can be used (with an instance of MassMeasure as the value), and this relation allows specifying a range of values, or a statistical variance for the numberical portion of the mass value. Using 'hasMass' does not (in the OWL version) eliminate the need to specify some mass by the 'hasMassInGrams' relation, but it should allow the specification of units of measure other than grams and number ranges for the quantifier. NOTE on '3D' vs '4D' objects: Some ontologists prefer to represent PhysicalObjects as extended in time, thereby forming a '4-dimensional' object ('perdurantism'). Others prefer only 3D objects ('endurantism'), with the time explicitly specified when relations hold on an object. In COSMO this category of 'PhysicalObject' is indeterminate as between a Perdurant and an Endurant - that is, the instances are not necessarily zero-duration time slices, nor are they necessarily time slices of finite duration. An instance of 'PhysicalObject' can be used in relations where the valid time interval for the relation is explicit, in which case it behaves syntactically like a 3D object; or an instance can also be specified to be an instance of 'TimeSlice', in which case that instance is a 4-dimensional TimeSlice of a PhysicalObject (see ''BabyBeethoven''), and any relations defined on that 4D instance hold only during the TimeInterval of the TimeSlice. See 'TimeSlice' for more detail on that type and its use. As a result, Roles such as 'Student', which are TemporalThings with a beginning and end time, can be classified as subtypes of this category. BFO: 'material_entity' = 'MaterialEntity': Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology. BFO: Examples: collection of random bacteria, a chair, dorsal surface of the body Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'matter' and a supertype of noun sense 1 of 'object' in WordNet; this COSMO type includes Objects that are not visible, as long at they have mass in Wordnet: 1. (64) object, physical object - (a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; 'it was full of rackets, balls and other objects') WN 'matter' 1. (41) substance, matter - (that which has mass and occupies space; 'an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Object3D, :PhysicalThing, :RegionOrObject, :SpatialThing-Localized, :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concrete-Adj ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :AbstractObject, :AttributeType, :AttributeValue, :GenericSubstance, :MathematicalObject, :MentalObject, :Region, :SituationProcessEventOrState, :TemporalLocation . :PhysicalObjectAttributeValue :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An umbrella category to collect AttributeValues that pertain to PhysicalObjects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute . :PhysicalObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """PhysicalObjectType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical objects and an argument restriction for various relations on Physical Object types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationType, :ObjectType . :PhysicalPage :ldoce "page" ; :wnsense "page1n" ; :wordnet "page" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single page of a physical Text. These an be very small in miniature productions of books (for art or amusement), but should not be longer than 60 cm in any one direction. Any exceptions? Corresponds to the physical part of noun sense 1 of 'page' in Wordnet: 1. (34) page - (one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingObject, :Page, :SheetOfSomeStuff . :PhysicalPartOfObject :guid "bd589de9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "part", "piece" ; :wnsense "part4n", "part7n", "piece1n", "piece3n" ; :wordnet "part", "piece" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: PhysicalPartOfObject is here interpreted as a Role (as well as a PhysicalObject), which means that anything classified under this category must have as part of its definition that it is necessarily a part of some larger physical object, in the sense specified in the ontology. Although many 'roles' are 'TemporalThing's in having a start and end time, 'Part' is a subtype of ''AtemporalRole'' that does not require specifying a beginning or end time for the role - though this kind of role *may* be temporary. See also 'PartOfanArtifact' Cyc: The collection of things that are best thought of as parts of other things, and about which we might have something useful to say. Think of table legs, sleeves of garments, etc. This is just to make it easier to search through all this part stuff when someone needs to do so. None of us (#$Guha, Karen, Nick ...) are very happy with this collection ... Includes noun senses 4 and 7 of 'part' in WordNet (physical parts of either natural or artifactual objects), and sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'Piece' (unclear from the example how broad sense 1 of 'piece' is):: in WordNet: WN 'piece': 1. (25) piece - (a separate part of a whole; 'an important piece of the evidence') 3. (8) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite') WN 'part' 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') 7. (67) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectPart, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :PhysicalPhenomenon :wnsense "physical phenomenon1n" ; :wordnet "physical phenomenon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhysicalPhenomenon'' is any ''NaturalPhenomenon'' is caused by one of the basic physical forces that are exhibited in the interactions of matter an energy.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physical phenomenon' in WordNet: 1. (2) physical phenomenon - (a natural phenomenon involving the physics of matter and energy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physics ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ] . :PhysicalPossession a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PhysicalPossession'' is the PersistenState in which a Person has physical possession and control of some PhysicalObject. This does not imply ownership of that object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possession . :PhysicalProcess :ldoce "process" ; :wnsense "process6n" ; :wordnet "process" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalProcess is a ''FunctionalProcess'' (not an Event) in which at least one ''PhysicalObject'' is a participant. This type is part of the elaboration of the disinction in COSMO between ''Event'' and ''FunctionalProcess'', where the ''Event'' describes changes occuring over some interval of time, whereas a ''FunctionalProcess'' more closely reflects the *rate* of change(s) at any given instant, **the sum total of which** over some interval of time results in an ''Event''. This is an attempt to differentiate the intuitive distinction between a 'process' and the resulting Event associated with a 'process'. Each ''FunctionalProcess'' should have some type of ''Event'' related to it by the relation ''hasCorrespondingEvent''. The ''Event' that is the cumulative result of a ''PhysicalProcess'' is a ''NonHumanEvent''. See parent ''FunctionalProcess' for more detail about this distinction. Corresponds (approximately, but see the note above) to noun sense 6 of 'process' in WordNet; this type of 'process' could be abstract in WordNet: 6. process, physical process - (a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; 'events now in process'; 'the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Natural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonHumanEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingEvent ] . :PhysicalQuantity a :MeasurableQuantityType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalQuantity is a measurable quantity that has a numerical value qualifying a UnitOfMeasure. In one notation, a mass of 25 grams could be expressed as '{25 grams}' where 'grams' is a function that returns a MassMeasure. PhysicalQuantities are measures of attributes of objects in our real world, and as such are subject to uncertainty, also called 'measurement error'. PhysicalQuantity has an attribute of 'MeasurementUncertainty', which is an optional attribute. When a MeasurementUncertainty is not explicitly provided with an instance of PhysicalQuantity, each implementing system has the option to designate default uncertainties, which may be general or specific to particular categories of measurement. COSMO note: PhysicalQuantities in COSMO are categorized both as quantities, and as AttributeValues. Conceptually, to be viewed as an attribute, some combination of AttributeType and AttributeValue would both be involved (e.g. 'a length of 30 cm'). But at this point (v0.3) it does not appear necessary to represent such quantitative attributes in that explicit manner. This issue remains open for possible future elaboration. SUMO: A PhysicalQuantity is a measure of some quantifiable aspect of the modeled world, such as 'the earth's diameter' (a constant length) and 'the stress in a loaded deformable solid' (a measure of stress, which is a function of three spatial coordinates). All PhysicalQuantities are either ConstantQuantities or FunctionQuantities. Instances of ConstantQuantity are dependent on a UnitOfMeasure, while instances of FunctionQuantity are Functions that map instances of ConstantQuantity to other instances of ConstantQuantity (e.g., TimeDependentQuantities are FunctionQuantities). Although the name and definition of PhysicalQuantity is borrowed from physics, PhysicalQuantities need not be material. Aside from the dimensions of length, time, velocity, etc., nonphysical dimensions such as currency are also possible. Accordingly, amounts of money would be instances of PhysicalQuantity. PhysicalQuantities are distinguished from Numbers by the fact that the former are associated with a dimension of measurement.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, :QuantitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnitOfMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :Quantifier ] . :PhysicalQuantum :wnsense "quantum2n" ; :wordnet "quantum" ; a :EmittableThingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhysicalQuantum'' is a ''Quantity'' of Energy that may be absorbed or emitted **as one unit** during some physical Event. This is represented as a ''PhysicalObject'' because as Energy, it has a relativistic equivalent of Mass. NOTE: in COSMO, ''Energy'' is represented as a 'substance'; Each 'PhysicalSubstance' has some 'unit object' and in the case of Energy, the unit object is taken as a ''PhysicalQuantum''. This corresponds to RHW sense 5a of 'quantum': 5. (Physics). a. the smallest quantity of radiant energy, equal to Planck's constant times the frequency of the associated radiation. b. the fundamental unit of a quantized physical magnitude, as angular momentum. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quantum' in WordNet: 2. quantum - ((physics) the smallest discrete quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantityOfEnergy . :PhysicalReaction :en "reacting" ; :wnsense "reaction2n", "reaction3n", "reaction7n", "response2n" ; :wordnet "reaction", "response" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PhysicalReaction' is an instance of an Event subsequent to some prior Event in which some inanimate Object or SubstanceType underoes some form of change or acts so as to cause some effect. This includes all the types of things that can be called 'reactions' **except for** the 'reactions' of Cognitive agents that perform Actions in reaponse to a prior Event. This latter type of 'reaction' is represented by ''Reaction'' and its subtype ''Response''. . For chemical reactions, use 'ChemicalReaction' Includes sense 3 and 7 and part of sense 2 (non-mentally mediated bodily reactions) of 'reaction' in WordNet: 2. (156) reaction, response - (a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some foregoing stimulus or agent; 'a bad reaction to the medicine'; 'his responses have slowed with age') 3. (137) chemical reaction, reaction - ((chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; 'there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water') 7. (5) reaction - ((mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body; 'every action has an equal and opposite reaction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effect, :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ] . :PhysicalRestraint :wnsense "constraint2n", "restraint6n" ; :wordnet "constraint", "restraint" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PhysicalRestraint' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that hinders an Animal from performing some Action, by being attached to or fastened around some part of the body of the animal and prevents either part of the body or the whole body from moving in certain ways or beyond some distance from a fixed point. This includes leashes for dogs, chains attached to collars for dogs, handcuffs or leg chains for prisoners, seat belts in cars or airplanes, and any other object that is designed to restrain animal motion - other than wall-like barriers that are included as subtypes of ''Barrier''. The electronic 'collars' that shock a dog if it moves beyond some line in a yard are included here as a borderline example, because they are worn on the animal. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'restraint' in WordNet: 6. restraint, constraint - (a device that retards something's motion; 'the car did not have proper restraints fitted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Hindrance . :PhysicalReturn :ldoce "return" ; :wnsense "return1v", "return2n", "return5n" ; :wordnet "return" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PhysicalReturn' is a'Returning' in which some Object moves physically from some location to a location or orientation at which it was previously located, and at which it now returns as a result of this Event. The restriction requires that the place to which the thing returns be specified. Includes noun senses 2 and 5 and part of verb sense 1 of 'return' in WordNet: 2. (7) return, homecoming - - (a coming to or returning home; 'on his return from Australia we gave him a welcoming party') 5. (2) return - - (the act of going back to a prior location; 'they set out on their return to the base camp') WN verb 'return': 1. (111) return, go back, get back, come back - (come back to place where one has been before, or return to a previous activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, :Returning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :GenericAgent :Object :OrientationMeasure :ObjectType ) ] ] . :PhysicalSeries :guid "c04cb9b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Series and #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$PhysicalSeries is a group of partially tangible objects ordered in a linear fashion, most likely according to some spatial relationship. Instances would include a group of people in line at a ticket booth, or the vertebrae in a person's spine. COSMO-TODO note: the basic words 'line' and 'linear' and 'aligned' include the notion of PhysicalSeries for physical objects, and should be related to this concept.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :Series . :PhysicalSituation :en "physical situation" ; :enn "physical situation" ; :guid "7bdc4888-8636-41d7-894d-9e94e3976266" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$Situation-Localized. Each instance of #$PhysicalSituation is a spatially localized situation involving one or more physical objects or stuffs (see #$situationConstituents). Important specializations include #$PhysicalEvent and #$AilmentCondition. NOTE: this is a CYC concept.It is used to be more specific about 'PersistentState''s that affect ''PhysicalObject''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :Situation-Localized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :PhysicalSize :ldoce "size" ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure, :VolumeMeasure ; :wnsense "size1n", "size2n" ; :wordnet "size" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PhysicalSize'' is a subtype of ''Size'' referring to the overall size, meaning Length, Width,and Height. A comparison of ''PhysicalSize''s would refer to all of those length measres being larger or smaller than the comparison object. This would imply a larger Volume (assuming the same generel shape) but volumes can vary greatly without any change in one or two of those dimensions. Corresponds to the sense in the gloss for sense 1 of 'size' in WordNet: 1. (82) size - - (the physical magnitude of something (how big it is); 'a wolf is about the size of a large dog') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :PhysicalSpace :doesNotHavePart :Earth ; :hasSpatialPart :EarthsAtmosphere, :OuterSpace ; :ldoce "space" ; :wnsense "space1n" ; :wordnet "space" ; a :GenericLocation, :PhysicalSpaceRegion, :SpatialThing ; rdfs:comment """'PhysicalSpace' is the 'space' part (at any given time) of the 'space-time' in which all of our physical universe is located. 'The volume of space seems to be continually expanding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'space' in WordNet: 1. (33) space, infinite - - (the unlimited expanse in which everything is located; 'they tested his ability to locate objects in space'; 'the boundless regions of the infinite') """ . :PhysicalSpaceRegion :BFO "SpatialRegion" ; :wnsense "region1n" ; :wordnet "region" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PhysicalSPaceRegion is a portion of the there-dimensional space of our real world space-time universe. This is considered equialent to the BFO 'Volume' COSMO Note: SpaceRegion in OpenCyc is not an Object, but pure space. Objects may be located in space. This region is part our our Space-Time This concepts is roughly equivalent to the OpenCyc 'ChunkOfSpace-Empirical', but we allow space regions to be defined by their relation to physical objects - therefore they may not be 'immobile' as the Cyc documentation suggests for 'ChunkOfSpace-Empirical'. For simplicity, the Cyc concept 'SpaceRegion-Empirical' has been merged with this concept, as the distinctions did not seem to have sufficient importance to justify the complexity. BFO: the BFO Type 'SpatialRegion' appears to have the same intent as this Type. The BFo subtypes of Line and Surface appear to be isentical to the subtypes of this Type: SpaceLine-Empirical, SpaceSurface-Empirical, NOTE: in BFO This is an owl:equivalentClass unionOf ( OneDimensionalRegion(Line), ZeroDimensionalRegion(Point), TwoDimensionalRegion(Surface), ThreeDimensionalRegion) BFO Definition ('SpatialRegion'): A continuant at or in which other continuants can be located. BFO Examples ('SpatialRegion'): the space occupied by an appendix, the space that was occupied by an appendix prior to its removal Cyc comment for 'ChunkOfSpace-Empirical': A specialization of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical, #$ChunkOfSpace, and #$SpatialThing-Localized (qq.v.). Instances of #$ChunkOfSpace-Empirical are three-dimensional portions of the intangible space of the empirically-observable universe. This is the kind of space that physical objects occupy. Cyc comment for 'SpaceRegion-Empirical': A specialization of #$SpaceRegion, #$SpatialThing-Localized, and #$IntangibleExistingThing (qq.v.). Instances of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical are intangible regions of space located in the empirically observable universe. A space region might or might not be connected (see #$SpatiallyContinuousThing). It might be partially or completely filled with (occupied by) #$PartiallyTangibles, or it might be completely empty (but cf. #$EmptySpaceRegion). In any case, the space region itself is not to be confused with a physical object or other spatially localized (non-space-region) thing that might happen to be #$cospatial with it. A given space region can be characterized fully merely by specifying its location and dimensions. Thus (although this is not the case with spatial things in general), space regions are identical (#$equals) if and only if they are #$cospatial. #$SpaceRegion-Empirical is in a way the spatial analogue of #$TimeInterval, whose own instances can be fully characterized by specifying their temporal properties; these two collections can be used, respectively, to talk about space and time as dimensions . Specializations of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical include #$SpacePoint-Empirical, #$SpaceLine-Empirical, #$SpaceSurface-Empirical, and #$ChunkOfSpace-Empirical. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$SpatialThing whose instances are regions of space that exclusively act as locations for other spatial objects, and thus are immobile. Instances of #$SpatialThing are said to occupy some region of space. Three dimensional regions of space [#$ChunkOfSpace] can be occupied by solid objects, see the specialization #$ChunkOfSpace-Empirical for the regions of space occupied by physical objects. Purely two-dimensional objects occupy a #$SpaceSurface, see also #$SpaceLine and #$SpacePoint-Empirical for objects of lower dimension. Note that an object of a given dimension cannot truly be located [#$exactlyLocatedAt-Spatial] at a region of space of lower dimension, but only partially or incidentally. For more information on location and occupancy, see #$AbsoluteLocationalPredicate and its instances that relate objects in space and their regions. An important specialization of #$SpaceRegion is #$SpaceRegion-Empirical, whose instances are pieces of the embedding space where spatio-temporal objects are empirically localizable [#$SpatialThing-Localized]. Note that SpaceRegion in SUMO is an object viewed as a location. Corresponds approximately to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'region' in WordNet: 1. (67) region, part - (the extended spatial location of something; 'the farming regions of France'; 'religions in all parts of the world'; 'regions of outer space') 3. (2) region - (a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth; 'penguins inhabit the polar regions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, :SpatialRegion, :SpatialThing-Localized, :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing, :VolumeOfSpace . :PhysicalState a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The physical state of an Object. There are three reified instances of this Class: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. Physical changes are not characterized by the transformation of one substance into another, but rather by the change of the form (physical states) of a given substance. For example, melting an iron nail yields a substance still called iron.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalAttribute . :PhysicalSubstance :ldoce "material", "matter", "substance" ; :wnsense "material1n", "matter1n", "stuff1n", "substance1n", "substance2n" ; :wordnet "material", "matter", "stuff", "substance" ; a :AgentType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In COSMO, 'substances' such as iron, gold, sand, and sugar are instances of the metaclass 'SubstanceType'. and subtypes of this class 'PhysicalSubstance'. Thus 'Gold' is an OWL-class. But objects composed of a particular substances are instances of a separate hierarchy of PhysicalObject; such an object could be represented as a subtype of ''HomogeneousObject''; alternatively, a piece of ''Gold'' is represented by ''PieceOfGold''.. This differs from Cyc usage. These substances in COSMO are related to PhysicalObjects composed of each substance (subtype of this class) by the relation: 'hasComponentSubstance', and subrelations. COSMO note: this method of representing substances present problems with a triple-based logical language such as OWL. Relations that might ordinarily refer to instances of some type may need to refer to **subtypes** of a substance. This may be (and is) accomplished by representing subtypes of 'SubstanceType', but for generality that would require a specific subtype of 'SubstanceType' for each substance. In an FOL system, one can have relations that clearly refer to subtypes (e.g. producesaSubtype of' [some substance]), but since COSMO will eventually be converted to FOL, that gereal method is not implemented in the OWL version. Although subtypes of 'PhysicalSubstance' are classes, these classes do not usually have any instances, since relations on substances refer to the classes of substance (instance of ''SubstanceType'', the subtypes of 'PhysicalSubstance'). However,it is possible to visualize a meaning and potential use for instances of 'PhysicalSubstance'es. Those instances would conceptually be a ***density of a physical substance*** (such as 1.0 grams of water per milliliter) or a ***fractional component of a physical substance***. See ''TenKaratGold'' or SterigSilver as an example of how the gold component is represented as an instance of ''FractionalComponentSubstance'' in alernative ways. For ''SubstanceDensity'' see example ''Alcohol500MgPerMl'' . 'DensityMeasure' this representation is not a QuantitativeAttributeValue, such as 'OneGramPerMilliliter', since that type of attribute value does not include the substance name. An example of an instance of a 'PhysicalSubstance' (specifically, Water)('WaterAtOneGramPerMilliliter') is included as an illustration. NOTE in this example that it is not necessary to specify the Substance name within the element, because the instance of substance is already specified as an instance of the specific PhysicalSubstance ('Water'), and only its density need be added. To be complete, the temperature and pressure should be specified, but that will be for a version later than this (rev1115). One can visualize such an instance as having units of PhysicalSubstance*Mass/Volume. These instances could also be conceptualized as the derivative of a PhysicalObject with respect to volume at some point within the PhysicalObject - and that would be the substance at that point. But such esoteric conceptualizations should not be needed for effective use. NOTE that a substance at some particular concentration can also be a subtype of that substance. To express that an object contains a particular concentration of a substance, one can create a subclass of that substance having the appropriate concentration attribute, and relate the object to that concentration of substance by the relation 'hasConstituentSubstance'. Each PhysicalSubstance is an abstraction representing the properties of aggregates composed of multiple small objects of a common type; the notion of a PhysicalSubstance includes any of the common 'substances' we encounter every day: water, air, sugar, salt, coffee (ground or as a drink), beer, meat, steel, plastic, etc., as well as less common substances such as ion plasma and groups of elementary particles. Every PhysicalSubstance has some basic unit which is the object which is the 'unit object' of that Substance, related to the Substance by 'hasUnitObject' relation. For chemical elements the 'unit object' is an atom; for chemical compounds, the molecule; for sand, one grain of sand, etc. For PhysicalSubstances that are composed of mixtures (e.g. concrete), the formal notion of a 'grain' is used, the 'grain' being the size of the smallest object composed of a substance, that can be subdivided so that the pieces are still objects composed of the same substance. The 'grain' should be large enough to exhibit the protoypical properties of that substance (density, color, composition). The 'grain' will in general be at least eight times the size of the 'unit' (allowing division in any of three planes) , but for mixtures the 'unit' may be difficult to identify, and the 'grain' will be the only object identifed as characterizing the PhysicalSubstance. For mixtures, the size of the grain will depend on the sizes and proportions of the constituent objects. Thus in concrete, the grain will have to be at least several times as large as the largest pebble of gravel used in the mixture. Some quantity of a PhysicalSubstance will comprise a HomogeneousObject; in Cyc substances are represented as objects, comparable in meaning to 'HomogeneousObject' in COSMO. The commonly understood properties of substances such as water are characteristic only of aggregates of the basic units (atoms, molecules, grains). To approximate the commonly measured properties (boiling point, melting point, density, etc.) the number of basic units may need to be fairly large; this will also vary with the substance. As of v0.80 this issue is not fully addressed. This concept must not be construed as a physical object made of some substance (which is the way substances are represented in Cyc - see CycNote below).. PhysicalObjects which are relatively homogeneous (the atmosphere, the ocean) can be construed as consisting of one or more PhysicalSubstances, but they are not substances per se, but specific quantities of a substance, which is one way to view a PhysicalObject. For generality in COSMO, a 'PhysicalSubstance' is the material of which anything with mass is composed, including quantities of subatomic particles that are contained in a certain region of space (such as a plasma in a Tokomak, or a group of electrons in a particle accelerator). However, the term is usually applied only to 'ordinary matter' (solid, liquid, gas); in those cases the unit is an atom or molecule, and the 'grain size' of any PhysicalSubstance that is 'ordinary matter' must contain at least 8 atoms or 8 molecules (so that it can be divided in two in any axis and still have multiple units in the resulting parts). NOTE: 'Energy' is also an instance of 'SubstanceType' (actually, of the subtype 'EnergyType') , but is **not** classified as a 'PhysicalSubstance'. Thus although each quantity of energy will have some equivalent mass, that mass need not be specified. The distinction between Energy and other things that serve as PhysicalSubstances may be useful IMPORTANT NOTE: PhysicalSubstances are categorized by the main consitutent. Therefore 'SeaWater' is considered as a subtype of 'Water'. The pure chemical substances can be represented when desirable by creating a 'Pure' category under the general heading (or, if functions are used, by using a '(Pure X)' function.) Thus we have a Type called 'PureWater'. Steel with iron as the majority constituent might be considered as a subtype of 'Iron'. COSMO note: Because substances are represented in COSMO as Types (classes) rather than instances, the specification of properties of substances gets involved, and the intended meanings cannot be specified fully without the use of FOL. As placeholders, some relations between substances are specified, and in OWL these will be interpreted as applying only to those specific Substances (Type that are instances of SubstanceType), while the intended meaning is that the relation applies not only to the particular Type but to all subtypes as well. The translation of the OWL ontology to FOL should carefully handle these placeholder relations to be sure they are translated properly. . The restriction on hasGrainDiameter for SubstanceTypes (which see) should require subclasses rather than instances of LengthMeasure - instances may have to be created as a workaround. (still not decided, v0.43). This representation solves some logical problems, but creates implementation problems in restricted logics such as OWL. COSMO uses relations such as 'hasComponentSubstance', which takes PhysicalSubstance types (instances of the metatype 'SubstanceType') as the 'range' restriction. There are also relations which have subtypes of 'PhysicalSubstance' (instances of 'SubstanceType') as the domain restriction. This can be accommodated in OWL. However, in order to have restrictions apply to subtypes of types, the OWL restriction mechanism interprets the restriction as applying to instances of the type (OWL class). There are no instances of PhysicalSubstance types in COSMO, and the restriction is intended to apply to the subtypes, not to instances. Such restrictions on PhysicalSubstances will have to be interpreted by applications as meaning that the substance represented by the class has those properties. One way to solve the problem might be to create a metatype for each substance Type (i.e. for each of millions of substances), and have the restriction apply to the metatype - but this duplicates Types as metatypes, and is unworkable. COSMO leaves the proper implementation to the application, at least until it is converted in to an FOL version, where the proper interpretations can be specified by rules. CycNote: In Cyc, PhysicalSubstance's are not represented by a tree in the hierarchy, but are represented by types that are physical objects ('Partiallytangible') and also instances of 'ExistingStufType'. In effect, Cyc considers a 'substance' as the type consisting of all PhysicalObjects that are homogeneous (down to a certain granularity) and having a certain composition. This can be translated into the COSMO representation at the type and instance level, but the Cyc metatypes are not represented in COSMO. See 'HomogeneousObject' Cyc: 'ExistingStuffType' A collection of collections, and a specialization of #$TemporalStuffType. Each instance of #$ExistingStuffType is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are both temporally and spatially stufflike. Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object (down to a certain granularity). (#$isa STUFFTYPE #$ExistingStuffType) implies both (i) for most instances STUFF of STUFFTYPE, for any proper physical part (see #$physicalParts) PART of STUFF, PART is also an instance of STUFFTYPE and (ii) for all instances STUFF of STUFFTYPE, for most proper physical parts PART of STUFF, PART is also an instance of STUFFTYPE. For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96. It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood. Since every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike, #$Wood is an instance of #$ExistingStuffType. Other instances of #$ExistingStuffType include the collections #$AppleJuice, #$IceCream, #$Diamond, #$WaxedPaper, and #$StriatedMuscle. See the comment for #$StuffType to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: #$StuffType, #$ObjectType, #$ExistingStuffType, and #$PhysicalObjectType. The senses 1 and 2 of 'matter' in Random House Webster are conceptually the same as this type, where COSMO interprets sense 2 is the most generic 'matter' of which the instances of sense 1 are subtypes: 1. the substance or substances of which any physical object consists or is composed: the matter of which the earth is made. 2. physical or corporeal substance in general, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, esp. as distinguished from incorporeal substance, as spirit or mind, or from qualities, actions, and the like. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'substance' and sense 1 of 'stuff' and sense 1 of 'matter' and sense 1 of 'material' in WordNet. NOTE WN 'substance' sense 2 has no subtypes and is probably just improperly split from sense 1, which is indistinguishable, in that the subtypes of sense 1 are recognizable as stuff-like 'substances'. This may be due to the lack of clear distinction in WN between object (e.g. 'atom') and substances. NOTE however, 'substance' is not directly related to 'stuff' and 'stuff' is not related to 'matter' in WordNet, and 'matter' is not used typically as a synonym of 'substance' in ordinary speech. This difference in usage reflects a difference in the way 'substances' are conceived - as either some abstract stuff of which objects consist, or of the collections of all objects of that composition, as in Cyc. COSMO chooses the notion of an abstract 'stuff'. A noun like 'matter' which, if it were taken to have a collective reading as 'all physical objects, collectively' would thereby conform to the Cyc method of representing PhysicalSubstance, and would then consistently be reinterpreted in COSMO as the same concept as 'PhysicalSubstance'. in WordNet: WN 'substance': 2. (4) substance - (the stuff of which an object consists) WN 'stuff': 1. (6) material, stuff - (the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; 'coal is a hard black material'; 'wheat is the stuff they use to make bread') WN material: 1. (448) material, stuff - (the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; 'coal is a hard black material'; 'wheat is the stuff they use to make bread') WN 'matter': 1. (41) substance, matter - (that which has mass and occupies space; an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :GenericSubstance, :PhysicalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physical-Material ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MassDensityMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasDensityMeasure ] . :PhysicalSynthesis :guid "bf8a5982-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "synthesize1v" ; :wordnet "synthesize" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$CreationEvents where two or more instances of #$PartiallyTangible are brought together to form an instance of #$PartiallyTangible, which is the #$outputsCreated. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'synthesize' in WordNet: 1. (3) synthesize, synthesise - (combine so as to form a more complex, product; 'his operas synthesize music and drama in perfect harmony') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalCreationEvent, :Synthesis-Generic . :PhysicalTherapist :guid "c0fd5a3e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "physical therapist1n", "physiotherapist1n" ; :wordnet "physical therapist", "physiotherapist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A health care worker whose job involves using the techniques of physical therapy to treat a condition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physical therapist' in WordNet: 1. (1) physical therapist, physiotherapist - (therapist who treats injury or dysfunction with exercises and other physical treatments of the disorder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareProfessional, :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalTherapy ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalTherapy ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :PhysicalTherapy :guid "c0fd5a17-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "physiatrics1n", "physical therapy1n", "physiotherapy1n" ; :wordnet "physiatrics", "physical therapy", "physiotherapy" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A form of therapy involving exercise, massage, heat, cold and electrical stimulation. #$PhysicalTherapy is usually for treatment of muscle, joint and associated tissue problems, as well as neurological ailments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physical therapy' in WordNet: 1. physical therapy, physiotherapy, physiatrics - (therapy that uses physical agents: exercise and massage and other modalities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TherapeuticProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalTherapist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :PhysicalThing :wnel "2.1" ; :wnsense "physical entity1n" ; :wnsynset "physical entity - (an entity that has physical existence)" ; :wordnet "physical entity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PhysicalThing' is a supertype of both PhysicalObjects and PhysicalSubstances and Events (SituationProcessStateOrEvent'), things that are located in the physical universe. This is an abstraction included to provide a match for WordNet 'Physical Entity'. It can be useful to refer to PhysicalObjects and PhysicalSubstances in a single relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Physical Entity' in WordNet: 1. physical entity - (an entity that has physical existence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual . :PhysicalTorture :CYC "Torture" ; :en "bodily torture", "inflicting pain", "physical torture" ; :guid "c0170665-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "excruciate2v", "torment3v", "torture2v" ; :wordnet "excruciate", "torment", "torture" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PhysicalTorture'' is the intentional causing of ''ExcruciatingPain'' - usually to elicit information, or as a punishment, but possibly only as an act of cruelty. NOTE: this is for the Physical kind of torture - the CYC entry seems to include psychological torture, but that is not included in this type. CYC 'Torture': A collection of events. In an instance of #$Torture, an #$perpetrator intentionally inflicts physical or psychological distress on a #$Person or #$NonPersonAnimal in the #$perpetrator's control, either for pleasure or to get them to do something they would ordinarily be unwilling to do, especially give the #$perpetrator some information. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'torture' in WordNet: 2. (1) torture, excruciate, torment - (subject to torture; 'The sinners will be tormented in Hell, according to the Bible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent, :ViolentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExcruciatingPain ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :PhysicalTrace :wnsense "trace2n" ; :wordnet "trace" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalTrace is a Trace consisting of one or more PhysicalObjects or Features of PhysicalObjects, that provide evidence regarding one or more states of some Event or FunctionalProcess. Footprints in the mud are a PhysicalTrace; a trail of blood at a crime scene is a PhysicalTrace. Corresponds approximately to non sense 2 of 'trace' in WordNet: 2. (2) trace, vestige, tincture, shadow - (an indication that something has been present; 'there wasn't a trace of evidence for the claim'; 'a tincture of condescension') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SignObject, :Trace . :PhysicalTraining :en "training an animal" ; :wnsense "preparation6n", "training1n" ; :wordnet "preparation", "training" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PhysicalTraining'' is a ''Training'' in which a Person performs some bodily movements repetitively, with or without coaching assistance from another Person, in order to strengthen muscles and improve muscular coordination so as to be able to perform body movements that an average person cannot do as well, as quickly, or as smoothly. This can be for athletic movements requiring strength or endurance (e.g. sports competition), or for acrobatic (tumbling) or artistic (ballet) movements requiring balance and/or precision. This is from the perspective of the person being trained, and if there is assitance from an ''AthleticCoach'' that assistance action would be a subevent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'training' in WordNet: 1. (71) training, preparation, grooming - (activity leading to skilled behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Training, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ] . :PhysicalTransformationEvent :guid "bd589b02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "turn" ; :wnsense "conversion1n", "convert1v", "transform2v", "transformation1n", "transmutation1n", "transmutation2n", "transmutation3n", "transmute3v", "turn2v" ; :wordnet "conversion", "convert", "transform", "transformation", "transmutation", "transmute", "turn" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent and #$PhysicalCreationEvent. In each instance of #$PhysicalTransformationEvent at least one thing ceases to exist and at least one thing comes into existence (and usually at least some portion of the thing(s) destroyed becomes incorporated into the thing(s) created). An important specialization of this collection is #$PhysicalTransformationProcess, the collection of #$PhysicalTransformationEvents that are also instances of #$TemporalStuffType. See also the predicate #$transformedInto. This is the sense used for 'turn into' (something else). NOTE: the differences between this type and ''ProcessingSomething'' are that ''ProcessingSomething'' can use abstract as well as physical inputs (e.g. Information), and ''ProcessingSomething'' is performed by a ''Device''. So this type is more general in one respect, and more specific in another respect. Neither is a subtype of the other. Corresponds most closely to part of verb sense 2 of 'turn' in Wordnet and includes part of sense 1 of 'transformation' and verb sense 2 of 'transform' and verb senses 1 and 11 (transitive and intransitive) of 'convert': in WordNet: 2. (660) become, turn - (undergo a change or development; 'The water turned into ice'; 'Her former friend became her worst enemy'; 'He turned traitor') WN noun 'transformation': 1. (4) transformation, transmutation, shift - (a qualitative change) WN verb 'transform': 2. (13) transform, transmute, transubstantiate - (change or alter in form, appearance, or nature; 'This experience transformed her completely'; 'She transformed the clay into a beautiful sculpture'; 'transubstantiate one element into another') WN verb 'convert': 1. (19) convert - (change the nature, purpose, or function of something; 'convert lead into gold'; 'convert hotels into jails'; 'convert slaves to laborers') 11. convert - (change in nature, purpose, or function; undergo a chemical change; 'The substance converts to an acid') WN noun 'conversion': 1. (9) conversion, transition, changeover - (an event that results in a transformation) WN noun 'transmutation': 1. (3) transmutation, transubstantiation - (an act that changes the form or character or substance of something) 2. (1) transformation, transmutation, shift - (a qualitative change) 3. transmutation - ((physics) the change of one chemical element into another (as by nuclear decay or radioactive bombardment); 'the transmutation of base metals into gold proved to be impossible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :InternalChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Event :EventType ) ] ] . :PhysicalWeb :wnsense "web1n" ; :wordnet "web" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A physical 'Network' of 'LongAndThin' objects crisscrossing to form a mesh pattern. NOte: WN 'web' has physical object as parent though the gloss example (shadows) is *not* a physical object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'web' in WordNet: 1. (1) web - (an intricate network suggesting something that was formed by weaving or interweaving; 'the trees cast a delicate web of shadows over the lawn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Network, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThinThing ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Physically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Physical ; :wnsense "physically1adv" ; :wordnet "physically" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''Physically'' is an adverb referring to aspects of the physical world or physical sciences, contrasting with 'mentally' or 'psychologically'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'physically' in WordNet: 1. (7) physically - (in accord with physical laws; 'it is physically impossible') """ . :PhysicallyBalanced :en "in equilibrium" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BalancingAnObject ; :wnsense "balanced1adj" ; :wordnet "balanced" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PhysicallyBalanced'' is an attribute of PhysicalObjects that can teeter or fall down under gravity if the mass distribution is not roughy equal around the center of gravity and the base has sufficient width. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'balanced' in Wordnet (being in physical equilibrium): 1. (12) balanced - (being in a state of proper balance or equilibrium; 'the carefully balanced seesaw'; 'a properly balanced symphony orchestra'; 'a balanced assessment of intellectual and cultural history'; 'a balanced blend of whiskeys'; 'the educated man shows a balanced development of all his powers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PhysicallyFit :en "in good condition", "in good shape", "physically fit" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :PhysicalFitness ; :wnsense "fit3adj" ; :wordnet "fit" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PhysicallyFit'' is a subtype of ''Strong'' indicating that an animal (usually a Person) has good overall muscular strength and good stamina as well.. This is the attribute of a Person performing (the state of) ''PhysicalFitness''. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'fit' in WordNet: 3. (3) fit, healthy - (physically and mentally sound or healthy; 'felt relaxed and fit after their holiday'; 'keeps fit with diet and exercise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Healthy, :Strong . :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent :guid "bd5889bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is broader than the CYC 'PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent' in allowing the ''GenericAgent'' that performs the harming Action to be a natural force such as fire, earthquake, flood or landslide. NOTE: for Actions by one agent that are harmful to the Agent performing the action,use ''HarmfulAction''. CYC:A specialization of #$AttackOnTangible and #$ViolentAction. Each instance of this collection is an event in which one #$Agent (or a small group of #$Agents) physically attacks another #$Agent (or small group of #$Agents.) Such attacks often (but not always) result in an instance of #$HarmingAnAgent. Notable specializations of this collection include #$Charging-Rushing, #$HittingAnOpponent, and #$SexualAssault. #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent events are also sub-events of each instance of #$Fight-Physical and #$Battle.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HarmingAnAgent . :PhysicallyInsecure :wnsense "insecure1adj" ; :wordnet "insecure" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PhysicallyInsecure'' is the attribute of ''PhysicalObject''s that are intended to remain in a specific location or orientation (relative to the ground or another object) but have some property that makes it less likely than is desirable to remain in that position. A ladder that is not firmly secured to avoid toppling is one example - more specifically represenedby subattribute ''Unsteady''.. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'insecure' and sense 2 of 'unstrady' in Wordnet: 1. insecure - (not firm or firmly fixed; likely to fail or give way; 'the hinge is insecure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unstable . :PhysicallyPossible :en "not impossible", "not out of the question" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Impossible ; :ldoce "possible" ; :wnsense "possible1adj" ; :wordnet "possible" ; a :ProbabilityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PhysicallyPossible is an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that could be true in the known world, i.e. does not violate logical constraints or the known laws of physics. @ToDo: this needs more logical elaboration. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'possible' in WordNet and includes adverb sense 1 of 'possibly': in WordNet: 1. (141) possible - (capable of happening or existing; 'a breakthrough may be possible next year'; 'anything is possible'; 'warned of possible consequences') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possible . :Physicist :wnsense "physicist1n" ; :wordnet "physicist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Physicist is a Scientist who does research in Physics. Coresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'physicist' in WordNet: 1. (8) physicist - (a scientist trained in physics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physics ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Physics :wnsense "physics1n" ; :wordnet "physics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ the science concerned with studying the structure of matter and the manner in which energy is transformed, or affects matter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physics' in WordNet: 1. (10) physics, physical science, natural philosophy - (the science of matter and energy and their interactions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physicist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Physiological :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysiologicalFunction ; :pertainsTo :PhysiologicalCondition, :PhysiologicalFunction, :PhysiologicalProcess, :PhysiologicalSystem ; :wnsense "physiologic1adj", "physiological1adj", "physiological2adj" ; :wordnet "physiologic", "physiological" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'physiological' in Wordnet: 1. (14) physiological - (of or relating to the biological study of physiology; 'physiological psychology'; 'Pavlov's physiological theories') 2. physiologic, physiological - (of or consistent with an organism's normal functioning; 'physiologic functions'; 'physiological processes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PhysiologicalCondition :guid "c10c3859-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "physiological condition1n", "physiological state1n" ; :wordnet "physiological condition", "physiological state" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' is coms1dered as 'Abnormal'' in the sense that it is not the condition of most organisms of that type. Normal healthy conditions are classified under ''NormalOrganismCondition''. This category in COSMO is used to refer to an atypical condition of any organism. Cyc: A specialization of #$SystemCondition. Each instance of #$PhysiologicalCondition involves an #$Organism-Whole being in some physiological state that is not typical for that organism's species, modulo considerations about the organism's sex or (in some cases) subspecies. Thus #$Menstruating, though not typical among all persons, is part of being a healthy adult female, and so is not a specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition (though it is a type of #$PhysiologicalProcess); #$Pregnancy, on the other hand, is a specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition. Note that some but not all #$PhysiologicalConditions are events; but they are all #$Situations. Thus each physiological condition has a temporal start and end, though in some cases (e.g. dwarfism) these will be the same as the start and end of the life of the organism. @ToDo: 'good condition' as used in exercise - to be 'in condition' should be a subtype of this. As with the parent 'SystemCondition', this sense may be referred to linguistically simply as 'condition' - 'what condition is he in?' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physiological condition' in WordNet: 1. physiological state, physiological condition - (the state of the body or bodily functions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbnormalCondition, :OrganismCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organism ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physiological ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PhysiologicalConditionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of PhysiologicalCondition as one of their arguments. NOTE that illness (sickness, disease, ailment) is a subtype of PhysiologicalCondition, and this metatype can be used for relations on types of illness. NOTE that a 'PhysiologicalConditionType' is a subtype of 'ActionType' because it is 'performed' by an Agent, which is an Organism.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :ConditionType . :PhysiologicalEffect :en "physiological effect" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhysiologicalEffect'' is an 'Effect'' on the Physiological functions of some Organism. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effect, :PhysiologicalProcess, :Result . :PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface :guid "c0fd4bc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This collection includes things like injuries, blemishes, and freckles. Features are part of an organism's surface parts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyRegion, :BiologicalLivingObject, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PhysicalFeature . :PhysiologicalFunction :en "physiological function" ; :enn "physiological function" ; :guid "bd58ecdb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of those #$PhysiologicalProcesses that serve some end for their doers, which may be cells, tissues, or whole organisms; for example, #$Photosynthesis-Plant. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalEvent, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physiological ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PhysiologicalProcess :guid "bd58f396-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "biological process1n", "organic process1n" ; :wordnet "biological process", "organic process" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhysiologicalProcess'' is any of the many types of activity that occur characteristically in Organisms, usually involving some types of bichemical reaction or interaction of ''BiochemicalCompound''s with each other or parts of the organism (such as binding to membranes, transport across membranes, stimulating or suppressing nerotransmission, anabolism or catabolism, muscular actions, production or secretions of substances, or neural processes causing muscular or other physiological effects, among many others). This is the generic Action that occurs in an Organism and has a subEvent of ''BiochemicalReaction'' because every ''PhysiologicalProcess'' including motion involves some biochemical events, and can (in principle) be inhibited by an ''Inhibitor''. CYC: The collection of events in which an organism does (typically unconsciously) some process which involves alteration of that agent's physiological state. A #$PhysiologicalProcess is normally one that is done by organisms (or parts of organisms) in the course of living. A large subcollection of #$PhysiologicalProcess is #$BodilyFunctionEvent, including its subcollections #$Respiration, #$DigestingInStomach, and #$Heartbeating. (Compare this collection with #$PhysiologicalCondition, whose instances are more episodic than process-like.) NOTE that, unlike 'BiologicalEvent', a 'PhysiologicalProcess' does not have to be performed by a whole organism, but can be performed by part of an organism, such as an organ. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'biological process' in WordNet: 1. organic process, biological process - (a process occurring in living organisms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimateActivity, :BiologicalEvent, :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BiochemicalReaction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physiological ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PhysiologicalSystem :wnsense "system15" ; :wordnet "system" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhysiologicalSystem'' is a ''FunctionalSystm'' consistin of conneced partsf the body that work together to perform some function in an ''Organism'' Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'system' in WordNet: 5. (61) system - (a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; 'the body has a system of organs for digestion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalSystem, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physiological ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Physiologist :guid "bd58fec1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "physiologist1n" ; :wordnet "physiologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physiologist' in WordNet: 1. physiologist - (a biologist specializing in physiology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Physiology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Physiology :wnsense "physiology1n" ; :wordnet "physiology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Physiology'' is a branch of ''Biology'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'physiology' in WordNet: 1. (1) physiology - (the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology . :Pi :hasAbstractRepresentation :pi ; :hasApproximateValue "3.141592653589793238462643383279"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "pi1n" ; :wordnet "pi" ; a :PositiveRealNumber ; rdfs:comment """The number ''Pi'' is represented by the abstract character ''pi''. Note that the capitalized and uncapitalized terms are distinct in rdf/owl. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pi' in Wordnet: 1. pi - (the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle; approximately equal to 3.14159265358979323846...) """ . :Pianist :guid "c1009207-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pianist1n", "piano player1n" ; :wordnet "pianist", "piano player" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who play the piano. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pianist' in WordNet: 1. (5) pianist, piano player - (a person who plays the piano) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalInstrumentPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaPiano ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaPiano ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Piano :guid "bd58a259-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "piano" ; :wnsense "piano1n" ; :wordnet "piano" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a traditional piano giving notes from hammers striking strings - the electronic keyboard is a different type. Called 'Piano-Acoustic' in Cyc. Cyc: Instances of this collection are instances of #$MusicalInstrument-Acoustic and #$Keyboard-MusicalInstrument. All have the feature that depressing one of the keys entrains a mechanical process whereby a string of taut piano wire is hammered, producing a vibration that is audible as a musical tone. For this reason instances are also properly considered instances of #$PercussionInstrument. A similar process occurs in instances of #$Harpsichord, with the signal difference being that in a #$Harpsichord, the strings are plucked, not hit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piano' in WordNet: 1. (10) piano, pianoforte, forte-piano - (a stringed instrument that is played by depressing keys that cause hammers to strike tuned strings and produce sounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :ManufacturedGoods, :PercussionInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PianoKeyboard ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :PianoKey :ldoce "key" ; :wnsense "key15n" ; :wordnet "key" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PianoKey'' is a part of the 'keyboard' of a Piano that can be 'pressed' to cause the Piano to sound a note. Correspondsto part of noun sense 1 of 'key' (which seems to refer only to typewriter or typesetting keys) in WordNet: 15. key - (a lever that actuates a mechanism when depressed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceKey, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PressingWithaFinger ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaPiano ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Piano ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Keyboard-Generic ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :PianoKeyboard :wnsense "clavier1n", "fingerboard2n", "piano keyboard1n" ; :wordnet "clavier", "fingerboard", "piano keyboard" ; a :DeviceType, :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piano keyboard' in WordNet: 1. piano keyboard, fingerboard, clavier - (a bank of keys on a musical instrument) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Keyboard-Generic . :PiciformBird :wnsense "piciform bird1n" ; :wordnet "piciform bird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piciform bird' in WordNet: 1. piciform bird - (any of numerous nonpasserine insectivorous climbing birds usually having strong bills for boring wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird, :Insectivore . :PickAxe :guid "bda00f67-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pick7n", "pickax1n", "pickaxe1n" ; :wordnet "pick", "pickax", "pickaxe" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of hafted #$HandTools called picks or pickaxes used for breaking hard materials like rock or hard-packed soil. A pick is comprised of a long (often wooden) handle and a pair of heavy blades that come to a somewhat blunt point or short line segment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pickaxe' in WordNet: 1. pick, pickax, pickaxe - (a heavy iron tool with a wooden handle and a curved head that is pointed on both ends; 'they used picks and sledges to break the rocks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :HardwareTool . :PicketFence :guid "be011575-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "paling1n", "picket fence1n" ; :wordnet "paling", "picket fence" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A fence constructed from a series of vertical wooden slats with gaps between them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'picket fence' in WordNet: 1. picket fence, paling - (a fence made of upright pickets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fence . :Picketing :guid "bd58d423-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "picket1n" ; :wordnet "picket" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Marching in front of something holding signs in order to persuade others not to support it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'picket' in WordNet: 1. (1) picket - (serve as pickets or post pickets; 'picket a business to protest the layoffs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interfering, :ProtestingaPolicy . :Picking :en "picking", "selecting" ; :guid "beb9b9f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pick" ; :wnsense "pick1v", "select1v", "selection1n" ; :wordnet "pick", "select", "selection" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Picking' is an instance of SelectingAmong where the agent opts for one Object out of a set of two or more possible Objects (or Attributes - one can pick a color) that are open to him/her. The Object chosen may be one that the agent decides to buy, to take physically, to attempt to obtain, to destroy (picking a target), or even to answer a question ('which one do you think is best?'); it may also be a path to go down. In the case of an order or recommendation, the object picked by one person may be one that is the subject of another agent's subsequent actions. This subtype of 'Choosing' is one that is distinct from Deciding on a course of action - but it is not disjoint because an act of Picking an Objecgt may also simultaneously include Deciding on a course of Action; but to be an instance of this type, it is necessary that some Object or attribute be the object of the Choosing.. In general, Picking an Object will often (but not always) imply taking some course of Action, and an instance of SelectingAmong may include both Picking and Deciding. For example, picking a target to destroy may be at the same time a Picking the Target, and Deciding when and how to destroy it, as in a gunfight. LIkewise choosing a path to walk can be simultaneously Picking (the physical path) and Deciding (to walk in that direction). But one agent may pick a target for another agent to destroy, so these do not have to occur in the same act of 'SelectingAmong'. For specifically Choosing an Action to perform use 'Deciding'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pick' and sense 1 of 'select', and noun sense 1 of 'selection' in WordNet: 1. (14) pick - (select carefully from a group; 'She finally picked her successor'; 'He picked his way carefully') WN 'selection' 1. (13) choice, selection, option, pick - (the act of choosing or selecting; 'your choice of colors was unfortunate'; 'you can take your pick') WN 'select': 1. (59) choose, take, select, pick out - (pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives; 'Take any one of these cards'; 'Choose a good husband for your daughter'; 'She selected a pair of shoes from among the dozen the salesgirl had shown her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Judging, :SelectingAmong . :Pickle :wnsense "pickle1n" ; :wordnet "pickle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PickledFoodObject'' derived from cucumbers. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'pickle' in WordNet: 1. (1) pickle -(vegetables (especially cucumbers) preserved in brine or vinegar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PickledFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cucumber ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Pickled :guid "1dfcb454-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "pickled1adj" ; :wordnet "pickled" ; a :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ @ToDo: NOTE: need a 'pickling' process to fill in meaning. in WordNet: 1. pickled - ((used of foods) preserved in a pickling liquid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteAttribute . :PickledFood :en "pickled food" ; :guid "bfb4657c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'PickledFood': This is the collection of pickles in the broad sense, that is, any food that has been pickled. Because the process of pickllng infuses the pickled object with salt, pickled objects and substances retain a 'salty' taste (are ''SaltyTasting''). NOTE: this is for''Food'' substances. A ''Pickle' is a ''PickledFoodObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pickled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SaltyTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :PickledFoodObject :en "pickled food object" ; :guid "bfb4657c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'PickledFood': This is the collection of pickles in the broad sense, that is, any food that has been pickled. NOTE: this is a FoodObject,not a ''Food'' substance, and not just pickles. For a pickle, use ''Pickle''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pickled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PickledFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SaltyTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :Pickling :wnsense "brine1v", "pickle1v" ; :wordnet "brine", "pickle" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Pickling'' is an ''Infusing'' of some Organic object (usually food, possibly part of an organism) in a NOTE: WN has this as a subtype of 'preserving'. The pickling of foods may have a different purpose than just 'preserving', as it changes the taste and internal composition. Perhaps pickling for preserving could be a subtype? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pickle' in WordNet: 1. pickle - (preserve in a pickling liquid) WN verb 'brine': 1. brine - (soak in brine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Steeping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brine ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganicMaterialObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :PickupTruck :guid "bd58a116-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pickup truck1n", "pickup1n" ; :wordnet "pickup", "pickup truck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PickupTruck'' is a small light Truck with an open body behind the cab (which can be closed in with a proper added attachment). Used for haulingligh loads too big for a car or van. CYC: A fuel-burning mechanical device which is a conveyance, a kind of truck, usually with an open back for light hauling, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pickup' in WordNet: 1. (2) pickup, pickup truck - (a light truck with an open body and low sides and a tailboard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Truck . :Picnic :wnsense "field day4n", "outing2n", "picnic1n", "picnic1v" ; :wordnet "field day", "outing", "picnic" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pinic'' is an ''Outing'' to some ''OutdoorLocation'' where a ''PicnicMeal'' is eaten. The ''PicnicMeal'' may be all prepared before starting the trip, but there may also be some cooking done at the picnic site, over a glrill or an open fire. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'picnic' in WordNet: 1. (1) picnic - (eat alfresco, in the open air; 'We picnicked near the lake on this gorgeous Sunday') WN noun 'picnic': 1. (2) field day, outing, picnic - (a day devoted to an outdoor social gathering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outing, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Outdoors ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PicnicMeal ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :PicnicMeal :wnsense "picnic3n" ; :wordnet "picnic" ; a :FoodType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PicnicMeal'' is a ''Meal'' eaten at a 'Picnic'', all or most of which may be prepared before leaving the house.. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'picnic' in WordNet: 3. picnic - (any informal meal eaten outside or on an excursion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meal . :PicnicTable :en "picnic table" ; :enn "picnic table" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PicnicTable' is a ''Table-Furniture'' located at an ''OutdoorLocation'' and intended to be used for a ''Picnic'' or other informal meal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Table-Furniture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Picnic ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutdoorLocation ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Pictograph :wnsense "pictograph1n" ; :wordnet "pictograph" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pictograph'' is an ''Ideogram'' (a ''WritingSymbol'') that may represent a particular word or sound in a linguistic writing system (as in Chinese characters or hieroglyphs), rather than an 'idea' that can be used in any writing system. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pictograph' in WordNet: 1. pictograph - (a graphic character used in picture writing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ideogram, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingInHieroglyphs ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Pictographic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Pictograph, :WritingInPictographs ; :pertainsTo :Pictograph ; :wnsense "pictographic1adj" ; :wordnet "pictographic" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pictographic' in Wordnet: 1. pictographic - (consisting of or characterized by the use of pictographs; 'a pictographic script'; 'pictographic stage in the development of writing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ideographic . :Picture :ldoce "picture" ; :wnsense "picture1n", "picture2n" ; :wordnet "picture" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject containing a two-dimensional image that was created on a flat surface either by applying pigments to the surface (painting, crawing, printing), or by using a photographic process of some kind. A ''Picture'' can be a sheet with an image, or can be an object with a frame that holds the Picture, either being a subtype of ''Picture''. This is the PhysicalObject; each will have some corresponding 'AbstractImage'. The 'AbstractImage' is necessary so that two peo0ple who saw different copies of the same image can say that they saw the same picture (i.e., some physical representation of the same AbstractImage), without creating a logical contradiction. The restriction requires that for each 'Picture' some representation of the 'AbstractImage' must be represented. This seems duplicative, but will be useful for practical applications, and can be easily acommodated. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'picture' in WordNet; for the more specific types, use 'Painting' or 'Photograph': in WordNet: 1. (27) picture, image, icon, ikon - (a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; 'they showed us the pictures of their wedding'; 'a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them') 2. (24) painting, picture - (graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface; 'a small painting by Picasso'; 'he bought the painting as an investment'; 'his pictures hang in the Louvre') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :PhysicalImage, :SolidObject, :StillImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractImage ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :PictureBook :wnsense "picture book1n" ; :wordnet "picture book" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PictureBook'' is a ''Book-Physical'' in which most of the area of most of the pages are pictures or illustrations.. These used to be used mostly for children, but adult pctre books (e.g. 'graphic novels') are becoming more accepted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'picture book' in WordNet: 1. (1) picture book - (a book consisting chiefly of pictures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Picture ] . :PictureFrame :guid "bd588dac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "picture frame1n" ; :wordnet "picture frame" ; a :ContainerType, :HolderType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A frame in any planar shape designed to hold a flat ''Picture'' printed on a sheet of some material. Generic for a holder of flat objects for display. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'picture frame' in WordNet: 1. (1) picture frame - (a framework in which a picture is mounted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frame, :FurniturePart, :Holder, :PlanarObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Picture ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Picture ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FramingaPicture ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :PictureHook :en "picture hook" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of various sorts of ''Hook' which is used to hang Pictures flat against a wall.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hanger, :Hook, :ManufacturedGoods, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Picture ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wall ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ] . :PictureWire :en "picture wire", "picture-wire" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any type of ''Wire'' (Metal, plastic) that is used to support a Picture, usually by supporting it from a ''PictureHook''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Picture ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PictureHook ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ] . :Picturesque :wnsense "picturesque1adj" ; :wordnet "picturesque" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Picturesque'' is a subattribute of ''EstheticallyPleasing'' characterizing Objects or scenes that are so pleasant to view that they might cause an urge to take a picture. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'picturesque' in Wordnet: 1. (2) picturesque - (suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture; 'a picturesque village') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EstheticallyPleasing . :Pie :guid "bd58e4a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pie1n" ; :wordnet "pie" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A baked pastry shell containing a filling of fruit, meat, or pudding. Each Pie is an instance of 'ContainerAndContents', the lower crust being the container and the filling being the contents. A Pie is typically disk-shaped, but not always. NOTE that a 'pot pie' does not necessarily have a LowerCrust, and therefore is not a subtype of 'Pie' in this sense. This type is only for Pies with a LowerCrust - for other types of 'pie', other representations must be created. This is one whole pie, an object, not a substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pie' in WordNet: 1. (2) pie - (dish baked in pastry-lined pan often with a pastry top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :ContainerAndContents, :DessertFood, :PreparedFood, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LowerCrust ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieFilling ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :PieChart :wnsense "pie chart1n" ; :wordnet "pie chart" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A circular ''GraphicalIllustration'' depicting proportions of some aggregate that are of a particular type, using a circle divided into pie-slice-shaped segments radiating from the center, in which the relative quantities of the component entities of the aggregate are represented as the sizes of the segments, in propoportion to the angles subtended at the center for each segment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pie chart' in Wordnet: 1. pie chart - (a circular chart divided into triangular areas proportional to the percentages of the whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GraphicalIllustration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :PieCrust :en "pie crust" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The baked dough which forms the crust of a Pie. Each Pie has at least a lower crust, and may have an upper crust;the two types of Crust are separate objects. The LowerCrust and UpperCrust are considered separate objects: the LowerCrust is a container which holds the contents.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :ContainerArtifact, :Crust, :DessertFood, :PreparedFood, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pie ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :PieFilling :en "pie filling" ; :enn "pie filling" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Food substance that fills the LowerCrust of a Pie. There are many types, each of which characterizes a different type of Pie. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'filling' in WordNet: 4. filling - (a food mixture used to fill pastry or sandwiches etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Filling, :Food . :PieceOfAnObject :ldoce "piece" ; :wnsense "piece1n" ; :wordnet "piece" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject which is or was a piece of some larger, usually homogeneous object that can be subdivided at some arbitrary point or line or plane, leaving other pieces of the same type of Object. The larger object can be somewhat inhomogeneous (e.g. a pie), but at the level at which it is divided into 'pieces', the composition of each piece should mimic the whole, so at this granualrity it is 'homogeneous'. However, this should not be used for distinguishable parts of objects that have natural connection points to the whole - as in engineering components or body parts Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'piece' in WordNet: 1. (25) piece - (a separate part of a whole; 'an important piece of the evidence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ] . :PieceOfChocolate :ldoce "chocolate" ; a :FoodObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A solid DessertFood consisting mostly of Chocolate. Pieces of chocolate are one of the most popular DessertFoods. This is for relatively homogeneous chocolate; 'chocolates' with filling in them (such as cream or nuts) would be the parent 'ChocolateBonBon'. No WordNet sense seems to apply to this type of object.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChocolateBonBon, :HomogeneousSolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chocolate ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PieceOfCloth :guid "bd590909-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cloth1n" ; :wordnet "cloth" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO-ToDo Cloth was an Object in OpenCyc, and that concept has been replaced by this concept 'PieceOfCloth', leaving 'Cloth' as a Substance. NOTE: it is intended that a 'PieceOfCloth' should be one piece, tough that piece may be several original pieces that appear cotinuous only because it is sewn into one. The essence is for the whole thing to move as one piece when one part is held and carried. For cloth objects that are not continuous in one piece, use parent ''FabricObject. Cyc comment: #$Cloth is a specialization of #$TextileArtifact. Each instance of #$Cloth is a piece of textile sheet woven or knitted or pressed out of fibers. Instances of #$Cloth are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of such things as clothing items, towels, sails for sailing craft, parachutes, and draperies. \"FabricObject\" WordNet does not distinguish between 'cloth' as a substance and a piece of cloth. This concept is a piece of cloth, part of the WordNet entry: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cloth' in Wordnet: 1. (16) fabric, cloth, material, textile - (artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers; 'the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent'; 'woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC'; 'she measured off enough material for a dress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ArtifactObject, :FabricObject, :HomogeneousSolidObject, :LimpObject, :SolidTangibleArtifact, :Surface-Open, :TextileArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foldable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cloth ; owl:onProperty :partsHaveTypeInCommon ] . :PieceOfDimensionalLumber a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A piece of dimensional lumber, such as a 2 x 4." ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvexTangibleObject, :HomogeneousSolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lumber ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepiped ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepipedLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :PieceOfDough :en "ball of dough", "lump of dough", "piece of dough" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PieceOfDough' is a ' PhysicalObject ' that is more than 50% by weight of the substance 'Dough'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalleableObject, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dough ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparingFoodItem ; owl:onProperty :isConsumedInEvent ] . :PieceOfGold a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PieceOfGold' is a ' PhysicalObject ' that is more than 50% by weight of the element 'Gold'. This class includes liquid and gaseous forms, and is of any size down to the individual atoms. Pure gold would be a subtype.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gold ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PieceOfGravel :wnsense "gravel1n" ; :wordnet "gravel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PieceOfGravel' is a SmallObject composed of stone (i.e. rock), being one of the constituent small objects that comprise the substance 'Gravel'. (See 'Gravel') From the Wikipedia article on 'gravel': Gravel is composed of unconsolidated rock fragments that have a general particle size range and include size classes from granule- to boulder-sized fragments. Gravel is sub-categorized by the Udden-Wentworth scale into granular gravel (>2 to 4 mm or 0.079 to 0.157 in) and pebble gravel (>4 to 64 mm or 0.2 to 2.5 in). One cubic yard of gravel typically weighs about 3000 pounds (or a cubic metre is about 1,800 kilograms). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grain, :HomogeneousSolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.20"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :PieceOfInformation :en "piece of information" ; :enn "piece of information" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PieceOfInformation' is an Object that represents some quantity if ''Information'', which can be abstract or Physical. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationObject ; owl:onProperty :hasRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Information ; owl:onProperty :containsAbstractSubstance ] . :PieceOfLuggage :wnsense "luggage1n" ; :wordnet "luggage" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PieceOfLuggage'' is any container device, such as a suitcase, designed to be carried by a traveller to hold items that are not carried directly on the person. This category specifies the container artifact only, not the complete set of container and contents that is carried by a passenger and is often called 'Luggage'. The container with the contents is termed 'Baggage' in the COSMO ontology. NOTE: The term ''Luggage'' is the collective term for all physical objects not carried on the person take by a traveler on some journey.. NOTE that as a Group, this could be one or more items considered as a unit so a traveler can refer to one piece as 'my luggage' when there is only one piece. NOTE that a Purse was considered as 'Luggage' in Cyc, but in COSMO 'PieceOfLuggage' is for containers that are used in TransportationEvents, not casual walking around. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'luggage' in Wordnet: 1. (6) baggage, luggage - (a case used to carry belongings when traveling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case-Container, :PortableCarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Luggage ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Traveler ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :PieceOfPlasticFilm :guid "bd58a56d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Cyc: The collection of all instances of plastic film" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :FlexibleObject, :HomogeneousSolidObject, :SheetArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlasticFilm ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PieceOfRope :ldoce "rope" ; :wnsense "rope1n" ; :wordnet "rope" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PieceOfRope is a long thin object, thicker than a string, but like a string is made of multiple fibers, whether natural (cotton) or synthetic (rayon). In WordNet, the characteristic that differentiates a Rope from other Lines or cord is that it is 'strong'. There is probably an overlap in thickness that makes certain lines arbitrarily classified as either 'Rope' or 'Cord'. Corresponds to Noun sense 1 of 'rope' in RHW: 1. a strong, thick line or cord, commonly one composed of twisted or braided strands of hemp, flax, or the like, or of wire or other material. Corresponds to part (for the object) of noun sense 1 of 'rope' in WordNet: 1. (5) rope - (a strong line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FibrousObject, :HomogeneousSolidObject, :RopeOrCable . :PieceOfRubble a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PieceOfRubble'' is a Worthless SolidObject created by some form of ''DestructionEvent''. This is one of the objects in a ''PileOfRubble''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discard, :SolidObject, :WorthlessThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DestructionEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :PieceOfString :ldoce "string" ; :wnsense "string1n" ; :wordnet "string" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PieceOfString is a long thin limp object made of multiple fibers, whether natural (cotton) or synthetic (rayon), but is not as thick as a 'Cord'. A solid piece of plastic in the shape of a string is not a 'String' in this sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'string' in WordNet: 1. (7) string, twine - (a lightweight cord) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FibrousObject, :HomogeneousSolidObject, :StringOrLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PieceOfThread :ldoce "thread" ; :wnsense "thread1n" ; :wordnet "thread" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :ThreadType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PieceOfThread' is a (relatively) long thin limp object like a StringOrLine, but thin in diameter, though still thick enough to see with the naked eye. This is the 'thread' that is used in sewing, and in some types of weaving. A 'PieceOfThread' will often have multiple intertwined fibers along its length. It is always Organic, even when Plastic. These terms might apply also to the substance ''Thread''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thread' in WordNet: 1. (4) thread, yarn - (a fine cord of twisted fibers (of cotton or silk or wool or nylon etc.) used in sewing and weaving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, :OrganicMaterialObject, :StringOrLine, :TextileArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thread ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sewing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weaving ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sewing ; owl:onProperty :isModifiedInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weaving ; owl:onProperty :isModifiedInEvent ] . :PieceOfTissuePaper :en "piece of tissue", "piece of tissue paper", "tissue" ; :wnsense "tissue paper1n" ; :wordnet "tissue paper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PieceOfTissuePaper'' is a PhysicalObject made mostly of 'TissuePaper''. A piece of facial tissue (a ''PaperHanky'') is often referred to as a 'tissue'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tissue paper' in WordNet: 1. (2) tissue, tissue paper - (a soft thin (usually translucent) paper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :PaperObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TissuePaper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PieceOfTrash a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any SolidObject considered worthless by someone who has disposed of it or is intending to dispose of it without anything in return. This is the unit Object of which the substance 'Trash' is composed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discard, :SolidObject, :WorthlessThing . :PieceOfWood :en "piece of wood" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of ''Wood'' of any size or shape, produced by any process or event. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'log' in WordNet: 1. (7) log - (a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :OrganicObject, :PieceOfAnObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PiecesOfMail :wnsense "mail4n", "post8n" ; :wordnet "mail", "post" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'mail' in WordNet: 4. mail, post - (any particular collection of letters or packages that is delivered; 'your mail is on the table'; 'is there any post for me?'; 'she was opening her post') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MailingSomething ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ] . :PiecingTogether :en "piecing something together" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PiecingTogether'' is the Action of creating on Object by putting small pieces together so that they remain in close contact with each other by some force (which could be gravity but usually is glue or some screws or contact forces from slightly flexible parts of the component pieces inserted into eac other), thereby forming a PhysicalObject consisting mostly of those pieces. This can be putting together a jigsaw puzzle, or 'Lego' object or the pieces of an ''Erector set' or the stone or glass pieces of a ''Mosaic'' or a 'pastiche' artwork or a stained glass window. This type is for the work performed by hand. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assembling, :Attaching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmallObject ; owl:minCardinality "10"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :PiercedHole :wnsense "hole2n", "perforation2n" ; :wordnet "hole", "perforation" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PiercedHole'' is a ''Hole'' created by some agent in some ''SolidObject'' that goes entirely through from one side to the other of the object. The ''SolidObject'' thus pierced can be of any kind. Common examples are a buttonhole, the eye of a needle, a manhole in a street, a bunghole in a barrel, an eyelet in a leather object such as a belt, or the hole through a ''Bead'' that allows putting a string through. The hole is usually straight through, but does not have to be. A 'pierced' hole may be created by piercing (as with a needle), punching (as with a punch), or drilling with a drill, or even by a laser beam. There is no restriction on the method of creating the hole. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'hole' and part of noun sense 2 of 'perforation' (perforations made by agents) in Wordnet, excluding holes that do not penetrate through the object (as finger holes in bowling balls): in WordNet: 2. (9) hole - (an opening deliberately made in or through something) WN noun 'perforation': 2. perforation - (a hole made in something; 'a perforation of the eardrum') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Hole, :Opening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PiercingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :PiercingSomething :CYC "Piercing" ; :guid "bd58ef94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pierce4v", "puncture1v", "thrust5v" ; :wordnet "pierce", "puncture", "thrust" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of ''PenetratingSomething'' performed with a sharp instrument,such as a knife or needle. CYC 'Piercing': A forming process where a smooth hole is formed without removing any material from the original object. Includes verb sense 4 of 'pierce' and verb sense 1 of 'puncture' in WordNet: 4. pierce, thrust - (penetrate or cut through with a sharp instrument) WN verb 'puncture' 1. (1) puncture - (pierce with a pointed object; make a hole into; 'puncture a tire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PenetratingSomething, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharpObject ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Puncture ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Pierogi :en "pierogi" ; :enn "pierogi" ; :ennp "pierogies" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Pierogi' is not in WN or RHW Wikipedia: Pierogi are filled dumplings of Central and Eastern European origin, made by wrapping unleavened dough around a savory or sweet filling and cooking in boiling water, or pan-frying. Pierogi which consist of noodle dough and have to be cooked in boiling water are associated with the Central and Eastern European kitchens where they are considered national dishes, especially in Poland. Pierogi-like dumplings are popular in most Central and Eastern European countries as well as in Ashkenazi Jewish and modern-day American cuisines, where they are known under their local names. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dumpling . :Piety :guid "c1008e28-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "piety1n", "piousness1n" ; :wordnet "piety", "piousness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Strong religious feeling and devotion to religious practice. Loyalty toward one's religious beliefs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piety' in WordNet: 1. (1) piety, piousness - (righteousness by virtue of being pious) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Loyalty, :Righteousness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousBeliefs ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousRitual ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ] . :Pig :guid "bd58b761-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pig" ; :wnsense "grunter2n", "hog3n", "pig1n", "squealer2n" ; :wordnet "grunter", "hog", "pig", "squealer" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any domesticated swine (hog, pig), The term 'pig' is sometimes used for a young hog, but this type includes all ages. Includes sense 1 of 'pig' in RHW, but also includes adults 1. a young swine of either sex, esp. a domestic hog, Sus scrofa, weighing less than 120 lb. (220 kg.) Called 'Pig-Domesticated' in Cyc: Cyc: A specialization of #$DomesticatedAnimal and #$Pig. Each instance of #$Pig-Domesticated is a pig kept on a farm or as a pet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pig' and sense 3 of 'hog' in WordNet: 1. (7) hog, pig, grunter, squealer, Sus scrofa - (domestic swine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticatedAnimal, :PigFamily . :PigFamily :guid "bd58ae61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pig" ; :wnsense "swine1n" ; :wordnet "swine" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalFamily, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The BiologicalFamily that includes domestic Pigs (see 'Pig'). Appears to be the same as sense 1 of 'swine' in WordNet, but the family including 'pigs' is not otherwise represented in Wordnet: 1. swine - (stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoofedMammal, :NonHumanAnimal, :Omnivore, :PlacentalMammal . :PigPen :guid "c10b50cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pigpen1n", "pigsty1n", "sty2n" ; :wordnet "pigpen", "pigsty", "sty" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A place where pigs are kept. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigpen' in WordNet: 1. sty, pigsty, pigpen - (a pen for swine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalPen . :PigThigh :wnsense "thigh1n" ; :wordnet "thigh" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Thigh'' of a ''Pig'', included so as to make the origin of ''Ham'' more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thigh' in Wordnet: 1. (9) thigh - (the part of the leg between the hip and the knee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thigh, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pig ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Pigeon :guid "bd58c5ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pigeon1n" ; :wordnet "pigeon" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pigeons (including doves); any bird of the family Columbidae. SUMO: A subclass of Bird with a stout body and short legs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigeon' in WordNet: 1. (3) pigeon - (wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :PigeonHole :wnsense "pigeonhole1n" ; :wordnet "pigeonhole" ; a :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PigeonHole'' is a 'Sort'' (category) that is narrow or simplistic, often created as a way to simplify a complex situation by assiging things (often people) to a ''Sort'' (category) by ignoring attributes, relations, or behaviors that are not possessed by the thing assigned, and which, if recognized, would not permit the assignment into that category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigeonhole' in WordNet: 1. pigeonhole - (a specific (often simplistic) category) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pigeonholing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :PigeonToed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :PigeonToes ; :wnsense "pigeon-toed1adj" ; :wordnet "pigeon-toed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of an animal (especially a Person) that has its toes turned inward rather than pointing forward as is usual. RHW having the toes or feet turned inward. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pigeon-toed' in WordNet: 1. (1) pigeon-toed - (having feet that turn inward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impaired . :PigeonToes :wnsense "pigeon toes1n" ; :wordnet "pigeon toes" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PigeonToes'' is a 'PersistentState'' in which a Person's feet are ''PigeonToed'', turned inward rather than pointing forward as is normal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigeon toes' in WordNet: 1. pigeon toes - (disability in which the toes are turned inward; often associated with knock-knee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WalkingImpairment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Pigeonholing :en "pigeonholing", "stereotyping" ; :wnsense "pigeonhole2v", "stereotype1v" ; :wordnet "pigeonhole", "stereotype" ; a :ActionType, :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pigeonholing'' is a ''Classifying'' Action in which the Agent doing the categorizing assigns one or more elements of some Group of things (Objects, Events, people) to some ''PigeonHole'', often created specifically for the purpose of simplifying a situation and for rhetorical purposes. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'pigeonhole' in WordNet: 2. pigeonhole, stereotype, stamp - (treat or classify according to a mental stereotype; 'I was stereotyped as a lazy Southern European') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Classifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :PigeonHole ] . :Piglet :wnsense "piggy1n", "piglet1n" ; :wordnet "piggy", "piglet" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young ''Pig''. NOTE that the weaned ''Piglet' ''Shoat'' is a subtype. WN does not make that distinction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piglet' in WordNet: 1. piglet, piggy, shoat, shote - (a young pig) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pig, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Young ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pigment :guid "bd58a093-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pigment1n" ; :wordnet "pigment" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Artifactual or natural colored substances; artifactual instances are powders of a chemical compound, usually insoluble in water, that impart color to another substance in which it is mixed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigment' in Wordnet: 1. (3) pigment - (dry coloring matter (especially a powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint etc)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpaqueSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colored ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ] . :Pigtail :wnsense "pigtail1n" ; :wordnet "pigtail" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pigtail'' is one ''HairBraid'' that is long and thin, but wider than a ''Dreadlock'' , and usually worn at the back side of the Head as one or two such braids in one ''Hairdo'' (on one Person's head), usually by a ''FemalePerson'' (woman or girl). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pigtail' in WordNet: 1. pigtail - (a plait of braided hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairBraid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrow ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dreadlock ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemalePerson ; owl:onProperty :isMostlyWornBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyBehind ] . :Pile :guid "c10ae376-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pile" ; :wnsense "heap1n", "mound3n", "pile1n" ; :wordnet "heap", "mound", "pile" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pile is a group (or CYC 'mob') of things stacked or piled on top of each other in either an organized or disorganized fashion. If it's neat, it could be called a 'Stack' (which see). For the randomly aranged ''Pile'' use the subtype ''Heap'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pile' and sense 1 of 'heap' and sense 3 of 'mound' in WordNet: 1. (9) pile, heap, mound, agglomerate, cumulation, cumulus - (a collection of objects laid on top of each other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArrangementOfLikeObjects . :PileOfRubble :wnsense "debris1n", "detritus1n", "dust1n", "junk1n", "rubble1n" ; :wordnet "debris", "detritus", "dust", "junk", "rubble" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PileOfRubble' is a Group mostly made of ''PieceOfRubble''s, that may contain other items as well. There is no upper or lower limit in th size of a ''PileOfRubble''. The pieces are usually stone, that once was a structure but has been so badly damaged as to lose all but the lowest portions of the organized structure. Such a 'pile of rubble' will in general be at least in part the result of intentional destruction. in WordNet: 1. (5) debris, dust, junk, rubble, detritus -- (the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ruins, :TrashItems, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PieceOfRubble ] . :PileOfSnow :en "snow pile" ; :wnsense "snowbank1n" ; :wordnet "snowbank" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PileOfSnow'' is any quantity of ''Snow'' sufficient to cover the ground (make the ground invisible) in any area of surface more than foot square. This includes covering things that cover the ground such as the upper surface of structures i.e. the roof of a building. NOTE that the combination of restrictions adjacent-to Earth's Surface and Earth's atmosphere means that it is *between* the surface and the atmosphere. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'snowbank' in WordNet: 1. snowbank - (a mound or heap of snow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pile, :PlanetarySurfaceObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snow ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Pilfering :en "pilferage", "pilfering" ; :wnsense "filch1v", "lift7v", "pilfer1v", "pinch3v", "purloin1v", "swipe2v" ; :wordnet "filch", "lift", "pilfer", "pinch", "purloin", "swipe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pilfering'' is a subtype of the more general 'Stealing' in which some small amount of money or goods are taken surreptitiously (at any one time, though perhaps repeatedly), as by shoplifting or taking something home from a place of business or some storage location. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pilfer' in WordNet: 1. (2) pilfer, cabbage, purloin, pinch, abstract, snarf, swipe, hook, sneak, filch, nobble, lift - (make off with belongings of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stealing . :Pilgrim :wnsense "pilgrim3n" ; :wordnet "pilgrim" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pilgrim' in WordNet: 3. pilgrim - (someone who journeys to a sacred place as an act of religious devotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pilgrimage ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Pilgrimage :guid "5ff04031-4abb-11d8-9e77-0002b396fafa" ; :wnsense "pilgrim's journey1n", "pilgrimage1n" ; :wordnet "pilgrim's journey", "pilgrimage" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Each instance of #$Pilgrimage is a #$ReligiousEvent in which one or more #$ReligiousPersons travel to a holy or sacred site of their #$Religion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pilgrimage' in WordNet: 1. (2) pilgrimage, pilgrim's journey - (a journey to a sacred place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousEvent, :Travel-TripEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pilgrim ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Piling :guid "c1007b45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pile6n", "piling1n", "spile1n", "stilt1n" ; :wordnet "pile", "piling", "spile", "stilt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piling' in WordNet: 1. pile, spile, piling, stilt - (a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :PostStuckInGround, :RigidColumn, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConstructionArtifact ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :Pill :ennp "pills" ; :guid "c0fd48db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pill2n", "tab5n", "tablet4n" ; :wordnet "pill", "tab", "tablet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DosageFormType, :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small object which is used to administer some ''DrugSubstance'' (includes vitamins and other nutrients and supplements) that is to be ingested. Although the WordNet gloss specifies it is a form of 'drug', this does not necessarily contain a drug, it could be a vitamin or supplement. The restriction requires that one tell what substance is in the pill. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pill' in Wordnet: 2. (1) pill, lozenge, tablet, tab - (a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :EdibleObject, :MarbleSizedObject, :OralDrugObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DrugSubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ] . :Pillager :wnsense "despoiler1n", "freebooter1n", "looter1n", "pillager1n", "plunderer1n", "spoiler1n" ; :wordnet "despoiler", "freebooter", "looter", "pillager", "plunderer", "spoiler" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pillager'' is a Thief (any sex) who violentlt enters a place, usually in a group, and steals things from it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pillager' in WordNet: 1. plunderer, pillager, looter, spoiler, despoiler, raider, freebooter - (someone who takes spoils or plunder (as in war)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaidingForLoot ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ] . :Pillow :guid "bd589bf7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pillow1n" ; :wordnet "pillow" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A soft, stuffed Artifact to support the Head or the body as a whole while one is sleeping or relaxing. If it doesn't support the Head, it is a ''Cushion''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pillow' in Wordnet: 1. (8) pillow - (a cushion to support the head of a sleeping person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cushion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :PillowStuffing :wnsense "stuffing2n" ; :wordnet "stuffing" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PillowStuffing'' is a granular Substance that is Compressible and Soft and used to fill pillows or mattresses to make them comfortably soft to support the body or some BodyPart of a Person. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stuffing' in WordNet: 2. stuffing - (padding put in mattresses and cushions and upholstered furniture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Padding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pillowcase :guid "c0fd5a57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "case18n", "pillow slip1n", "pillowcase1n", "slip12n" ; :wordnet "case", "pillow slip", "pillowcase", "slip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pillowcase'' is a ''BedLinen'' that is intended for use as a cover for a pillow, usually one used in a bed. CYC: The collection of pillowcases - removable fabric envelopes designed to go around a pillow, which are easier to clean than the entire pillow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pillowcase' in WordNet: 1. case, pillowcase, slip, pillow slip - (bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow; 'the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BedLinen, :FreeSheet, :Sack, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pillow ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :PilotingAnAirplane :ldoce "pilot" ; :wnsense "pilot1v" ; :wordnet "pilot" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PilotingAnAirplane' is the Action most commonly referred to as 'flying' or 'piloting' - as opposed to driving a road vehicle. This includes controlling any Aircraft, which includes helicopters but does not include blimps or dirigibles, even if they can be steered. Flying a hot-air balloon or glider is also not included. Being a passenger in a plane is *not* included. For being a passenger, use the more general 'RidingInAnAirplane'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pilot' in WordNet: 1. (1) fly, aviate, pilot - (fly a plane) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingATransportationDevice, :OperatingaPoweredDevice, :RidingInAnAirplane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :Aircraft ] . :Pimp :guid "be7f47fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fancy man1n", "pander1n", "panderer1n", "pimp1n", "ponce1n", "procurer1n" ; :wordnet "fancy man", "pander", "panderer", "pimp", "ponce", "procurer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$Pimp is a person whose job is to solicit customers for prostitutes (see the collection #$Prostitute) or for a brothel (see the collection #$Brothel), in return for a share of the earnings from those customers. Instances of #$Pimp are usually #$MalePersons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pimp' in WordNet: 1. (3) pimp, procurer, panderer, pander, pandar, fancy man, ponce - (someone who procures customers for whores (in England they call a pimp a ponce)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wrongdoer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prostitute ; owl:onProperty :controls ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolicitingBusiness ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Pimple :ennp "pimple" ; :wnsense "pimple1n", "zit1n" ; :wordnet "pimple", "zit" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small elevation of the skin, caused by acne. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pimple' in WordNet: 1. (1) pimple, hickey, zit - (a small inflamed elevation of the skin; a pustule or papule; common symptom in acne) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyRegion, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Acne ; owl:onProperty :isaSymptomOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkinTissue ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :Pin :guid "bd58e323-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pin" ; :wnsense "pin9n" ; :wordnet "pin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object made of Wire that can be straight or curved (safety pins are included), with a sharp pointed end intended for inserting into soft material such as cloth or cork. A Pin does not have to be a Fastener, as pins that are used as markers are included here. The subtypes 'StraightPin' and 'SafetyPin' are fasteners. NOTE that a Pin has no moving parts- the flexible part of a safety pin does not qualify as a 'moving part'. Cyc: A sharp pointy thing that is not hollow, nor has any holes in it. Smaller than most nails. May be part of some larger device like Safety Pin or Brooch. Corresponds to part of noun sense 9 of 'pin' in WordNet, excluding wood 'pins': 9. pin - (a small slender (often pointed) piece of wood or metal used to support or fasten or attach things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :HandSizedObject, :LongAndThinThing, :PointyEndedObject, :SmallObject, :Wire . :PinaColada :guid "bdbfbd5e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :EthylAlcohol ; :wnsense "pina colada1n" ; :wordnet "pina colada" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$PinaColada drinks, a mixture of #$CoconutMeat cream, pineapple juice and #$Rum served over ice and usually garnished with a pineapple chunk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pina colada' in WordNet: 1. pina colada - (a mixed drink made of pineapple juice and coconut cream and rum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CocktailDrink . :Pincer :guid "bd58e66a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chela2n", "claw3n", "nipper2n", "pincer2n" ; :wordnet "chela", "claw", "nipper", "pincer" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pincer'' is the two-part grasping structure at the end of an arm of a Crustacean such as a lobster or crab, or of some other Arthropod such as a ''Scorpion'' or a beetle. CYC: Hard grasping hand-like appendage of crustaceans Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pincer' in WordNet: 2. claw, chela, nipper, pincer - (a grasping structure on the limb of a crustacean or other arthropods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Claw, :HolderGripper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arthropod ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sharp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pinch :wnsense "pinch2n" ; :wordnet "pinch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A minor and usually inconsequential injury to the skin, which is caused by a squeezing or pinching force applied to the skin, but not including a piercing of the skin. A small ''Pinch'' may not cause any inflammatory response, and the pain may disappear rapidly, but a stronger ''Pinch'' may cause a bruise. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pinch' in WordNet: 2. pinch - (an injury resulting from getting some body part squeezed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injury-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PinchingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :PinchingEvent :en "pinching" ; :wnsense "pinch1v" ; :wordnet "pinch" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PinchingEvent'' is a ''SqueezingEvent'' which a first object is squeezed on two sides by a second object having two or more movable parts that can come together to exert pressure - usually the fingers of a human hand, or less commonly by two objects that come together on two sides of the frst object , such as when the skin is squeezed by one object moving toward another with some force while a body art (usually unintentionally) is still between the parts (a door closing or a heavy object falling to a hard surface). . One distinction between a ''PinchingEvent'' and ''SqueezingEvent'' is that the object of a ''PinchingEvent'' is a SheetLike object (such as the Skin), having two adjacent regions folded into a double sheet that is then squeezed together. Includes part of and is also broader than verb sense 1 of 'pinch' (not necessarily by the fingers, and not including bottles) in WordNet: 1. (3) pinch, squeeze, twinge, tweet, nip, twitch - (squeeze tightly between the fingers; 'He pinched her behind'; 'She squeezed the bottle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SqueezingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SheetOfSomeStuff ] . :Pincushion :en "pin-cushion" ; :wnsense "pincushion1n" ; :wordnet "pincushion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small, soft, stuffed bag Artifact used to support straight pins, often during clothing manufacture. NOTE: this is not a subtype of ''Cushion'' (as in WordNet) which in CSMO is used to support people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pincushion' in Wordnet: 1. pincushion - (a small stiff cushion into which pins are stuck ready for use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ContainerAndContents, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :DurableGood, :Holder, :SpongyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bag ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Padding ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightPin ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fabric ; owl:onProperty :surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Pine :isDerivedFrom :PineTree ; :wnsense "pine2n" ; :wordnet "pine" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance pine,a type of Wood, not a tree. As ''Lumber'' this type of substance must already have been cut from the tree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pine' in Wordnet: 2. (2) pine - (straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lumber, :Wood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PineTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :PineTree :guid "c0ed0f54-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pine tree1n", "pine1n" ; :wordnet "pine", "pine tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any tree of the pine family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pine' in Wordnet: 1. (4) pine, pine tree, true pine - (a coniferous tree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConiferousTree, :Tree . :Pineapple :wnsense "ananas2n", "pineapple2n" ; :wordnet "ananas", "pineapple" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The delicious fruit of the ''PineapplePlant'' an ''Object'' not a substance. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pineapple' in WordNet: 2. pineapple, ananas - (large sweet fleshy tropical fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PineapplePlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :PineappleOrder :guid "bd58934a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A biological order within the monocot subclass in the plant kingdom. Members are often epiphytic, meaning they use other plants as a substrate (grow on them), but don't get any water or nutrients from hem.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonocotSubclass . :PineapplePlant :guid "bd589eb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pineapple plant1n", "pineapple1n" ; :wordnet "pineapple", "pineapple plant" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A pineapple plant is a type of bromeliad which produces an edible fruit, the pineapple. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pineapple' in WordNet: 1. pineapple, pineapple plant, Ananas comosus - (a tropical American plant bearing a large fleshy edible fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated in the tropics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :HerbPlant, :PineappleOrder, :Plant-NonWoody . :Ping :wnsense "ping2n" ; :wordnet "ping" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any short high-pitched sound. Common subtype is the ''SonarPing'' emitted by ''SonarDevice'' used in submarines for detecting objects underwater. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ping' in WordNet: 2. ping - (a sharp high-pitched resonant sound (as of a sonar echo or a bullet striking metal)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :PingPong :wnsense "Ping-Pong1n", "table tennis1n" ; :wordnet "Ping-Pong", "table tennis" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PingPong'' is a ''TableGame'' ('table tennis') that is the specification ('rules) for how to play the game of ''PingPong'' , i.e the action of playing a ''PingPong''. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a 'game as the abstract specification and the Action that is an execution of the specification. The WN synset is used to label both, which need to be distinguished in text context. Corresponds to part (the rules) of noun sense 1 of 'ping-pong' in WordNet: 1. (1) table tennis, Ping-Pong - (a game (trademark Ping-Pong) resembling tennis but played on a table with paddles and a light hollow ball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TableGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PingPongBall ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :PingPongBall :wnsense "ping-pong ball1n" ; :wordnet "ping-pong ball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ball used in a ''PingPongGame''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ping-pong ball' in WordNet: 1. ping-pong ball - (light hollow ball used in playing table tennis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Ball, :Device, :GameArtifact, :ManufacturedGoods, :SphericalObject, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PingPongGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :PingPongGame :wnsense "Ping-Pong1n", "table tennis1n" ; :wordnet "Ping-Pong", "table tennis" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PingPongGame'' is the action of playing ''PingPong''. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a 'game' as the abstract specification and the Action that is an execution of the specification. The WN synset is used to label both, which need to be distinguished in text context. Corresponds to part (the rules) of noun sense 1 of 'ping-pong' in WordNet: 1. (1) table tennis, Ping-Pong - (a game (trademark Ping-Pong) resembling tennis but played on a table with paddles and a light hollow ball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TableGameEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PingPongTable ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PingPongBall ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PingPong ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :PingPongTable :wnsense "ping-pong table1n", "table-tennis table1n" ; :wordnet "ping-pong table", "table-tennis table" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PingPongTable' is a ''Table-Furniture'' required for and used in a ''PingPongGame''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ping-pong table' in WordNet: 1. table-tennis table, ping-pong table, pingpong table - (a table used for playing table tennis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Table-Furniture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PingPongGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :PiningAway :eng "pining away" ; :wnsense "fade4v", "languish1v", "languish3v", "pine away1v", "waste7v" ; :wordnet "fade", "languish", "pine away", "waste" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'languish' in WordNet: 1. (1) pine away, waste, languish - (lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief; 'After her husband died, she just pined away') 3. languish, fade - (become feeble; 'The prisoner has been languishing for years in the dungeon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Degeneration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyStrength ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Pink :guid "0f604a94-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "pink" ; :wnsense "pink1n" ; :wordnet "pink" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color pink, a shade of red with low color saturation. This covers a wide range of colors; perhaps the most characteristic is 'bubble-gum pink' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pink' in WordNet: 1. (2) pink - (a light shade of red) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pinkish, :Reddish . :Pinkie :isAnOrganicPartOf :Hand ; :wnsense "little finger1n", "pinkie1n", "pinky1n" ; :wordnet "little finger", "pinkie", "pinky" ; a :FingerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Pinkie'' is the small finger on the other side of the hand from the ''Thumb''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pinkie' in WordNet: 1. little finger, pinkie, pinky - (the finger farthest from the thumb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Finger . :Pinkish :guid "6e3ddb22-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "pinkish1adj" ; :wordnet "pinkish" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$PinkColor. Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'pinkish' in Wordnet: 1. pink, pinkish - (of a light shade of red) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reddish . :PinnableButton :wnsense "button4n" ; :wordnet "button" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Badge'' that is a ''Disk'' having a pin on the back, allowing it to be pinned to clothing. It is usually worn on one side of the chest area, or sometimes elsewhere (on a hat, on a pocketbook). Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'button' in Wordnet: 4. button - (a round flat badge displaying information and suitable for pinning onto a garment; 'they passed out campaign buttons for their candidate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Badge, :Disk, :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :PinnableObject . :PinnableObject a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HandSizedObject'' having a ''AttachedPin'' that allows it to be easily and reversibly attached to other things, especially clothing, so that it can be carried around and be observed on the surface. This is for badges, jewelry items, medals, various kinds of buttons and anthing else that people might want to temporarily attach to themselves or other things. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :SomethingToWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttachedPin ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Pinning :wnsense "pin2v" ; :wordnet "pin" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some Agent fastens a ''PinnableObject''. to some other object, using a ''Pin'', whether a part of the ''PinnableObject'' or separate from either article fastened together. NOTE: a ''PinnableObject'' here has to have an attached pin, but this type ''Pinning'' can also include things like pieces of fabric pinned together with a separate ''Pin''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pin' in WordNet: 2. (1) pin - (attach or fasten with pins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PinnableObject :Pin :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Pinpointing :en "nail down" ; :env "nail down" ; :wnsense "nail6v", "pinpoint1v" ; :wordnet "nail", "pinpoint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pinpointing'' can have several related meanings, including 'locating exactly' and 'pointing out the exact location'. All are included here. This sense of 'nail' is often also expressed as 'nail down', which is used in several senses including this one: RHW 'nail': 15. nail down, to make final; settle once and for all: Signing the contract will nail down our agreement. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pinpoint' in WordNet: 1. (3) pinpoint, nail - (locate exactly; 'can you pinpoint the position of the enemy?'; 'The chemists could not nail the identity of the chromosome') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPerceived ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :Pint :wnsense "pint1n", "pint2n" ; :wordnet "pint" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """English unit of volume equal to 1/2 of a Quart. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'pint' in Wordnet: 2. pint, dry pint - (a United States dry unit equal to 0.5 quart or 33.6 cubic inches) 3. pint - (a United States liquid unit equal to 16 fluid ounces; two pints equal one quart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :Pioneer :wnsense "groundbreaker1n", "innovator1n", "pioneer1n", "trailblazer1n" ; :wordnet "groundbreaker", "innovator", "pioneer", "trailblazer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Pioneer'' is a Person who performs a ''Pioneering'' act, which is to begin to perform a type of useful activity that has not previously been performed sucessfully, and do it successfully, and thus show that it can be done, with the result that others also perform that activity, taking the ''Pioneer''s effort as a lesson.. This covers broadly many Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pioneer' in WordNet: 1. (1) pioneer, innovator, trailblazer, groundbreaker - (someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leader . :Pioneering :en "break new ground", "breaking new ground", "pioneering" ; :wnsense "open up4v", "pioneer1v", "pioneer2v", "pioneer3v" ; :wordnet "open up", "pioneer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pioneering'' is ''StartingaProject'' that initiates an Activity of a type that has not previously been done or at least successfuly. Includes all 3 noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'pioneer' in WordNet: 1. (3) pioneer, open up - (open up an area or prepare a way; 'She pioneered a graduate program for women students') 2. initiate, pioneer - (take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of; 'This South African surgeon pioneered heart transplants') 3. pioneer - (open up and explore a new area; 'pioneer space') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StartingaProject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheFirstElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Project ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pioneer ] . :Pipe :guid "c049958b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pipe" ; :wnsense "pipe2n" ; :wordnet "pipe" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Pipe-ConduitArtifact'. COSMO: Any kind of pipe-like artifact - plastic, glass, steel, rubber, flexible or rigid. Laboratory glass tubing and garden hose both qualify as a 'pipe'. Cyc: The collection of all manufactured enclosed tubular fluid conduits with openings at both ends. The more general #$Pipe-GenericConduit encompasses both such manufactured pipes and natural pipes which are not instances of #$Pipe-ConduitArtifact, i.e. those found naturally occurring in the environment or in an organism's body, such as #$BloodVessels. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pipe' in WordNet (but may also be composed of glass or ceramic like clay): in WordNet: 2. (4) pipe, pipage, piping - (a long tube made of metal or plastic that is used to carry water or oil or gas etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ContainerArtifact, :DurableGood, :FlowPath, :PathArtifact, :Pipe-GenericConduit, :Tube . :Pipe-GenericConduit a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all enclosed tubular fluid conduits with openings at both ends. #$Pipe-GenericConduit encompasses both human-made pipes as well as natural pipes, found naturally occurring in the environment, or found in an organism's body, like #$BloodVessels. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidConduit, :HollowObject, :LongAndThinThing, :TubularObject . :PipeWrench :wnsense "pipe wrench1n", "tube wrench1n" ; :wordnet "pipe wrench", "tube wrench" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PipeWrenh'' has one ''GrippingJaw'' that can move slightly so as to be non-parallel to the fixed jaw.both of which are serrated. ('serrated' needs representation - @ToDo). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pipe wrench' in WordNet: 1. pipe wrench, tube wrench - (adjustable wrench for gripping and turning a pipe; has two serrated jaws that are adjusted to grip the pipe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdjustableWrench . :Pipeline :guid "be47c6e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pipeline2n" ; :wordnet "pipeline" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Pipeline may be intended to transport a liquid, gas, or solid slurry. This can be a large and very long Pipe transporting liquids or gas over long distances, or a shorter Pipe that transports a fluid (such as NaturalGas) from a main pipe into a consumer facility such as a private home. Cyc: The collection of pipelines that are used to transport #$FluidTangibleThings. Basically a #$Pipeline is a man-made #$Pipe-GenericConduit that is built to transport fluids in a #$FluidFlowEvent where the force is provided by a #$Pump-Generic or #$Gravity. Examples include large oil pipelines which can be very long, spanning countries. Other #$Pipelines are smaller like a water pipe under the sink. When a network of pipelines is meant use #$PipingSystem-Generic. Borderline cases are those long pipelines that are mostly a single tube, but at each end have a network of smaller pipelines. SUMO: SUMO Pipeline is the class of pipelines used to transport various kinds of fluids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pipeline' in Wordnet: 2. pipeline, line - (a pipe used to transport liquids or gases; 'a pipeline runs from the wells to the seaport') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveyance-Stationary, :Path-Simple, :Pipe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :PipingSystem-Generic :en "piping system" ; :enn "piping system" ; :guid "c0ef8add-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Groups of #$Pipe-GenericConduits that form an interconnected system wherein fluid (liquid or gaseous) can flow from one component to other components connected to it by #$JunctionOfPipes junctions. Parts of a generic conduit system may be temporarily closed off; also, parts may be open to the outside environment. Examples: the plumbing system of a house, the piping at an oil refinery, a cardiovascular system. It may also include reservoirs, pumps, storage, valves, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem, :CustomarySystemOfLinks, :Group, :System . :Piracy :wnsense "buccaneering1n", "piracy1n" ; :wordnet "buccaneering", "piracy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Piracy'' is for the taking of ships on the high seas, not for airplane ''Highjacking'' though that is sometimes referred to as 'air piracy' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'piracy' in WordNet: 1. piracy, buccaneering - (hijacking on the high seas or in similar contexts; taking a ship or plane away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it; \"air piracy\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hijacking, :Robbery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pirate ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sea ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :Piranha :wnsense "caribe1n", "pirana1n", "piranha2n" ; :wordnet "caribe", "pirana", "piranha" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'piranha' in WordNet: 2. piranha, pirana, caribe - (small voraciously carnivorous freshwater fishes of South America that attack and destroy living animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Characin . :Pirate :wnsense "buccaneer1n", "pirate2n", "sea robber1n", "sea rover1n" ; :wordnet "buccaneer", "pirate", "sea robber", "sea rover" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pirate' in WordNet: 2. (1) pirate, buccaneer, sea robber, sea rover - (someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Piracy ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PirateCrew ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PirateShip ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :PirateCrew :en "pirate crew" ; :enn "pirate crew" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShipCrew, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Piracy ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pirate ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PirateShip ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :PirateShip :wnsense "pirate ship1n", "pirate3n" ; :wordnet "pirate", "pirate ship" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Ship used by a ''PirateCrew'' for 'Piracy''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pirate ship' in WordNet: 1. pirate, pirate ship - (a ship that is manned by pirates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ship, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Piracy ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PirateCrew ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ] . :Pistil :guid "bd58b418-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pistil1n" ; :wordnet "pistil" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Flower gynoecium, composed of a single pistil or several fused organs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pistil' in WordNet: 1. pistil - (the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantReproductiveStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flower ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Piston :wnsense "piston2n" ; :wordnet "piston" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """RHW: 'piston' sense 1: a disk or cylindrical part tightly fitting and moving within a cylinder, either to compress or move a fluid collected in the cylinder, as air or water, or to transform energy imparted by a fluid entering or expanding inside the cylinder, as compressed air, explosive gases, or steam, into a rectilinear motion usually transformed into rotary motion by means of a connecting rod Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'piston' in WordNet: 2. piston, plunger - (mechanical device that has a plunging or thrusting motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice, :MechanicalComponent . :PistonChamber :wnsense "piston chamber1n" ; :wordnet "piston chamber" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PistonChamber'' is a ''Chamber'' designed to accommodate and constrain the motion of a ''Piston'' within some ''Device'' Corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'piston chamber' in WordNet: 1. cylinder, piston chamber - (a chamber within which piston moves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cylinder, :HeatingChamber, :MechanicalComponent, :MechanicalDevice, :Path-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :supportsFunctioningOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Piston ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Piston ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectilinearShaking ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :Pit :wnsense "pit1n" ; :wordnet "pit" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HoleInTheGround'' that is not so long as to be considered a ''Ditch'', and was created by human effort. It can be small or very large, as an open-pit mine. This is the physical object that consists of the walls of the ''Pit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pit' in Wordnet: 1. (5) pit, cavity - (a sizeable hole (usually in the ground); 'they dug a pit to bury the body') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :HoleInTheGround . :PitViper :guid "c0fd4759-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pit viper1n" ; :wordnet "pit viper" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pit viper' in WordNet: 1. pit viper - (New World vipers with hollow fangs and a heat-sensitive pit on each side of the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Viper . :Pitcairn a :Country . :Pitch :wnsense "pitch1n" ; :wordnet "pitch" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Pitch'' is a Frequency of audible Sound in which the repeated unit is 'Cycle' and the RateUnit is ''perSecond''.. This can be used for pure sounds, but often is used for the dominant sound of mixed sounds. At this point @rev1271, this is treated as semi-quantitative, A ''Pitch'' can be the value of a 'hasFrequency' relation, even if the precise quantitative value is not known. To allow any audible pitch the value ''AudiblePitchRange'' is assigned to the quantifier range 16-20000 for the usual values of audible sound cps. Instances of ''Pitch'' can have other ranges assigned. The values ''HighPitch' and ''LowPitch'' are not yet @rev1271 characterized more narrowly, but can be when required. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitch' in WordNet: 1. (5) pitch - (the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CyclesPerSecondMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CyclesPerSecond ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CyclesPerSecond ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :NumberRange ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :PitchBlack :wnsense "coal black1n", "ebony1adj", "ebony1n", "jet black1n", "pitch black1n", "sable1adj", "sable1n", "soot black1n", "soot-black1adj", "sooty-black1adj" ; :wordnet "coal black", "ebony", "jet black", "pitch black", "sable", "soot black", "soot-black", "sooty-black" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The WN terms for color include both adectives and nouns, and the conceptual difference is not clear-cut. Here the two types of WN category are merged. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitch-black' in WordNet: 1. coal black, ebony, jet black, pitch black, sable, soot black - (a very dark black) WN adj 'soot-black: 1. soot-black, sooty-black - (of the black color of soot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Black . :PitchDark :wnsense "black8adj", "pitch-black1n", "pitch-dark1adj" ; :wordnet "black", "pitch-black", "pitch-dark" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PitchDark'' is a subtype of ''Darker'' that characterizes the ambient light level of ''Place''s that have no light sufficient to see objects nearby; outside with stars but no moon could have this quality. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pitch-dark' in Wordnet: 1. black, pitch-black, pitch-dark - (extremely dark; 'a black moonless night'; 'through the pitch-black woods'; 'it was pitch-dark in the cellar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Darker . :PitchersMound :en "pitching mound" ; :wnsense "hill5n", "mound1n", "pitcher's mound1n" ; :wordnet "hill", "mound", "pitcher's mound" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PitchersMound'' is a low ''Mound'' of soil located inthe mddle of tehinfield in a BaseballField, used by the pitcher to pitch to the batter, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitcher's mound' in WordNet: 1. (5) mound, hill, pitcher's mound - ((baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballPitcher ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballPitcher ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballDiamond ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballPitch ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OneFoot ; owl:onProperty :hasHeight ] . :Pitchfork :wnsense "pitchfork1n" ; :wordnet "pitchfork" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Pitchfork' is a hand tool used for various purposes, such as moving hay from a pile to another location, or digging in rocky soil. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitchfork' in WordNet: 1. (2) pitchfork - (a long-handled hand tool with sharp widely spaced prongs for lifting and pitching hay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :LongHandledTool, :SimpleTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tine ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Pitching :wnsense "deliver11v", "pitch9v", "pitching1n" ; :wordnet "deliver", "pitch", "pitching" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Pitching'' is the type of ''Hurling'' that a ''Pitcher' does in a ''BaseballGame''. Corresponds to verb sense 9 of 'pitch' in WordNet: 9. deliver, pitch - (throw or hurl from the mound to the batter, as in baseball; 'The pitcher delivered the ball') WN noun 'pitching': 1. (7) pitching - ((baseball) playing the position of pitcher on a baseball team) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hurling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BaseballPitcher :PersonType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballBall ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HomePlate ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ] . :PitchingLeftHanded :en "left-handed pitching", "pitching left-handed" ; :enn "left-handed pitching", "pitching left-handed" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''PitchingLefhtHanded'' is the type of ''Pitching'' that a ''Left-HandedPitcher'' pitcher performs, i.e. using the Left hand. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pitching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Left-HandedPitcher ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeftHumanArm ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :PitchingRightHanded :en "pitching right-handed", "right-handed pitching" ; :enn "pitching right-handed", "right-handed pitching" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''PitchingRightHanded'' is the type of ''Pitching'' that a ''Right-HandedPitcher'' pitcher performs, i.e. using the right hand. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pitching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Right-HandedPitcher ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :uses ; owl:someValuesFrom :RightHumanArm ] . :Pitfall :wnsense "booby trap2n", "pitfall1n" ; :wordnet "booby trap", "pitfall" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Pitfall' is a Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pitfall' in WordNet: 1. (1) pitfall, booby trap - (an unforeseen or unexpected or surprising difficulty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hindrance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unexpected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pitiable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Pity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Fortunate ; :wnsense "hapless1n", "miserable2adj", "misfortunate1adj", "pathetic1adj", "piteous1adj", "pitiable2adj", "pitiful3adj", "poor1adj", "wretched5adj" ; :wordnet "hapless", "miserable", "misfortunate", "pathetic", "piteous", "pitiable", "pitiful", "poor", "wretched" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pitiable'' is an intensive form of ''Unfortunate''. @ToDo: No verb 'pity'??? Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'pitiable' in Wordnet: 2. hapless, miserable, misfortunate, pathetic, piteous, pitiable, pitiful, poor, wretched - (deserving or inciting pity; 'a hapless victim'; 'miserable victims of war'; 'the shabby room struck her as extraordinarily pathetic'- Galsworthy; 'piteous appeals for help'; 'pitiable homeless children'; 'a pitiful fate'; 'Oh, you poor thing'; 'his poor distorted limbs'; 'a wretched life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unfortunate . :Pittance :wnsense "pittance1n" ; :wordnet "pittance" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pittance'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is disappointingly small to the recipient. The term is often used prefixed by 'mere' - 'a mere pittance'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pittance' in WordNet: 1. pittance - (an inadequate payment; 'they work all day for a mere pittance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaymentAmount, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inadequate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PituitaryGland :guid "bfa35060-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hypophysis1n", "pituitary body1n", "pituitary gland1n", "pituitary1n" ; :wordnet "hypophysis", "pituitary", "pituitary body", "pituitary gland" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pituitary #$Glands. A #$PituitaryGland is a unique #$EndocrineGland attached to the #$Hypothalamus which rests (is #$in-Embedded) in a cavity of the #$Sphenoid bone called the sella turcica. The #$PituitaryGland produces #$HumanGrowthHormone, #$Prolactin, #$Thyrotropin, #$AdrenocorticotropicHormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, #$FollicleStimulatingHormone, #$LuteinizingHormone, #$Vasopressin, and #$Oxytocin. SUMO: The main Gland of the endocrine system. NOTE: is this a 'part of' or 'attached to' the ''Brain''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pituitary gland' in WordNet: 1. (2) pituitary, pituitary gland, pituitary body, hypophysis - (the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndocrineGland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Pity :guid "c0fba7c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pity" ; :wnsense "commiseration1n", "compassion1n", "compassionate1v", "compassionateness1n", "condole with1v", "feel for1v", "pathos2n", "pity1n", "pity1v", "ruth3n", "sympathize with1v" ; :wordnet "commiseration", "compassion", "compassionate", "compassionateness", "condole with", "feel for", "pathos", "pity", "ruth", "sympathize with" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: to pity someone (verb) is to experience Pity. The action is difficult to disentangle from the Feeling, though they appear in different syntactic forms. @ToDo: rules may be needed to handle the resolution of the action and feeling; perhaps pitying is a more conscious form of the Feeling? Is 'compassion' any different from 'pity' - perhaps; needs some kind of distinction, not obvous at present phase. Cyc: An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Pity is some agent's feeling of sorrow for an agent (usually some other agent, but sometimes the pitying agent herself) on account of the undesirable state of affairs that agent is in. Instances of #$Pity vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the object pitied. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'pity' in WordNet: WN noun 'pity' 1. (6) commiseration, pity, ruth, pathos - (a feeling of sympathy and sorrow for the misfortunes of others; 'the blind are too often objects of pity') WN verb 'pity' 1. (4) feel for, pity, compassionate, condole with, sympathize with - (share the suffering of) WN noun 'compassion': 1. (2) compassion, compassionateness - (a deep awareness of and sympathy for another's suffering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sympathizing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Pivot :wnsense "pin6n", "pivot2n" ; :wordnet "pin", "pivot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pivot'' is a ''SolidObject'' that serves as a ''PhysicalAxis'' to enable some other object(s) to ''Swivel'' around the ''Pivot''. This may be part of a Device such as a ''\"Hinge''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pivot' in WordNet: 2. pivot, pin - (axis consisting of a short shaft that supports something that turns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAxis, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swiveling ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :PivotDevice :wnsense "pin6n", "pivot2n" ; :wordnet "pin", "pivot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PivotDevice is a short ''Shaft'' that serves as a pivot point and connector for the arms of tools such as pliers and scissors and clipping devices,or the rotating wheels of a mechanical clock, or any other device whose function is facilitated by constrained pivoting. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pivot' in WordNet: 2. pivot, pin - (axis consisting of a short shaft that supports something that turns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connector, :PartOfanArtifact, :Shaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pivotal :wnsense "pivotal1adj", "polar6adj" ; :wordnet "pivotal", "polar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pivotal'' is a more intense type of ''Crucial''expressing a level of importance - implying that the thing so described is both indispensable and of central (most salient) importance to some purpose. This attribute suggests that the purposes of actions at issue 'revolve around' or are located around the thing so characterized. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pivotal' in Wordnet: 1. pivotal, polar - (being of crucial importance; 'a pivotal event'; 'Its pivotal location has also exposed it to periodic invasions'- Henry Kissinger; 'the polar events of this study'; 'a polar principal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crucial . :Pixel :ennp "pixels" ; :wnsense "pel1n", "picture element1n", "pixel1n" ; :wordnet "pel", "picture element", "pixel" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pixel is an AbstractImage that represents one point; it may have attributes such as color, intensity, and location in a \"PixelImage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pixel' in WordNet: 1. pixel, pel, picture element - ((computer science) the smallest discrete component of an image or picture on a CRT screen (usually a colored dot); 'the greater the number of pixels per inch the greater the resolution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PixelImage ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :PixelImage a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PixelImage is an AbstractImage that is represented by some set of pixels (points having a particular color and intensity value and location in the PixelImage). This is in contrast to images that are represented as sets of lines or sets of other geometrical figures. The PixelImage is the kind of image presented on a computer screen.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, :TabularOrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Pixel ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Pizza :guid "bd589b6a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pizza pie1n", "pizza1n" ; :wordnet "pizza", "pizza pie" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pizza'' or 'pizza pie' is ''DishOfFood'' considered as distinctively Italian in origin, popular in many countries, usually served hot, CYC: The collection of flat baked pie crusts topped with tomato sauce, cheese, spices, and various other ingredients, including anchovies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pizza' in WordNet: 1. (1) pizza, pizza pie - (Italian open pie made of thin bread dough spread with a spiced mixture of e.g. tomato sauce and cheese) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood, :FingerFood, :Food-ReadyToEat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieCrust ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TomatoBasedSauce ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cheese ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Pizzeria :wnsense "pizza parlor1n", "pizza shop1n", "pizzeria1n" ; :wordnet "pizza parlor", "pizza shop", "pizzeria" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pizzeria'' is a ''Shop'' that makes and sells 'Pizzas' to the public. Most ''Pizzeria''s have tables for eating, and could also be considered as a ''Restaurant''. Perhaps 'pizza parlor' could be broken out as a subtype that is also a subtype of ''Restaurant''? NOTE: ''ManufacturingFacility'' seems odd for a Pizzeria. ''Bakery''? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pizzeria' in WordNet: 1. pizzeria, pizza shop, pizza parlor - (a shop where pizzas are made and sold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturingFacility, :ServiceEstablishment, :Shop, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pizza ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pizza ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :Place :guid "bd58d3b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "place", "position", "spot" ; :wnsense "location1n", "place3n", "position1n", "spot1n" ; :wordnet "location", "place", "position", "spot" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Place can be a PhysicalObject or a Region, or even an abstract 'location' such as a group of electronically connected sites. This category is very generic, but is more specific than 'GenericLocation' in that the Place should be stationary, and not an arbitrary PhysicalObject such as a vehicle.. Cyc: A specialization of #$EnduringThing-Localized. Each instance of #$Place is a spatial thing which has a relatively permanent location. Thus, in a given microtheory, each #$Place is stationary with respect to the frame of reference of that microtheory. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'position' and sense 3 of 'place' and sense 1 of 'spot' and sense 1 of 'location' in WordNet: WN 'position' 1. (39) position, place - (the particular portion of space occupied by something; 'he put the lamp back in its place') WN 'spot' 1. (26) topographic point, place, spot - (a point located with respect to surface features of some region; 'this is a nice place for a picnic') WN 'location': 1. (992) location - (a point or extent in space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation . :Place-NonAgent :guid "bfa11f19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of places which are not agent-like. Some things can be both places and exhibit agency; e.g., the #$CityOfMiamiFL is a region in #$Florida-State, and it also can enter into agreements with other cities (see #$GeopoliticalEntity). Each instance of #$Place-NonAgent is a #$Place that does NOT have any agency, e.g., #$LakeErie and #$OuterSpace.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place . :PlaceAtaDistance :en "place at a distance", "place at a distance from another place" ; :enn "place at a distance", "place at a distance from another place" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlaceAtaDistance'' is a Place'' (of any kind) that is distant by some 'LengthMeasure'' (in any units) from some other ''Place''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation . :PlaceOfAbsence a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TimeAndPlace that an object is not at, and is disjoint from some other TimeAndPlace. Very similar to 'Alibi', but can be used for convenience with the linguistic 'absent'. Can be used for inanimate objects, and substances not just people. See also 'Absence' for the Event. When this type is used, the restriction specifies that there is an 'Alibi', which is the place wehre the entity is located, and the restriction on the 'Alibi' spefifies where the entity is know *not* to be.Also see 'Presence' Usage: {?X isLocatedAt ?PlaceOfAbsence} means that ?X was someplace other than the TimeAndPlace pointed to by the isSomethingOtherThan relation on the instance of TimeAndPlace that is the ?PlaceOfAbsence.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeAndPlace . :PlaceOfBusiness :guid "b7bccfe6-61cd-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; :wnsense "business establishment1n", "place of business1n" ; :wordnet "business establishment", "place of business" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of buildings or parts of buildings whose main purpose is the facilitation of business operations. NOTE: for a *whole building* that is used for some specific commercial purpose, one can use ''CommercialBuilding''. COSMO note: any kind of business operation is included in the purpose of a 'PlaceOfBusiness'. The subtype 'CommercialFacility' is used for the more specific places where direct contact with customers is part of the task of the facility. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'place of business' in WordNet: 1. (3) place of business, business establishment - (an establishment (a factory or an assembly plant or retail store or warehouse etc.) where business is conducted, goods are made or stored or processed or where services are rendered) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic, :HumanOccupationConstruct . :PlaceOfOrigin :wnsense "beginning4n", "origin1n", "root2n", "rootage3n", "source1n" ; :wordnet "beginning", "origin", "root", "rootage", "source" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlaceOfOrigin'' is some generic ''Place' (Object or Region) where something of any type - an Object, an Event, a Motion a MentalObject - was created (Object) or started (Event) or began its motion (a thrown object, a flowing ojects such as a river) or a Cultural thing (an ideology, an idea, a practice). To create an instance of this requires that the 'Thing'' that originates at this place be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'origin' in WordNet: 1. (11) beginning, origin, root, rootage, source - (the place where something begins, where it springs into being; 'the Italian beginning of the Renaissance'; 'Jupiter was the origin of the radiation'; 'Pittsburgh is the source of the Ohio River'; 'communism's Russian root') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, :Provenance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isThePlaceOfOriginOf ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :PlaceOfResidence a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlaceOfResidence'' is some ''Place'' where a Person has his/her ''Residence'', of any size from a single address to a GeographicalArea. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residence ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :PlaceWithMilitarySignificance a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PlaceWithMilitarySignificance is some location (region, or area, not necessarily on the Earth's surface) that is of interest to military planners or to military groups. This category is mostly useful as a collecting mechanism for diverse 'places' that occur in military plans and operations."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place . :PlaceWithaBodyOfWater a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PlaceWithaBodyOfWater is not itself a body of water, but a place including (sometimes) dry ground, where the presence of water gives it its defining characteristic."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place . :Placebo :guid "c1546f22-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "placebo1n" ; :wordnet "placebo" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all placebos. Instances are given to people under the impression that they are #$DrugProducts, but they are believed by the giver to be pharmacologically inert. #$Placebos are often used as controls in experimental trials of new #$DrugProducts. NOTE: a 'Placebo' is also the term used for substances given to patients in non-testing situations, when a physician or other provider wishes to make a patient believe that smething is being done, even if no useful therappy is available. The patient may or may not be warned that the substance is not proven effective. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'placebo' in WordNet: 1. placebo - (an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumableProduct, :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClinicalTrial ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :PlacementOfObjects :wnsense "arrangement4n", "placement1n" ; :wordnet "arrangement", "placement" ; a :GroupType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PlacementOfObjects' is a ''Pattern'' specifying the relationship of three or more objects to each other, or of one or more objects within a defined spatial area. This can be used for abstract or physical objects. For patterns of points,use ''PatternOfPoints. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'placement' in WordNet: 1. (6) placement, arrangement - (the spatial property of the way in which something is placed; 'the arrangement of the furniture'; 'the placement of the chairs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pattern, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SpacePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :relatedInternalConcept ; owl:someValuesFrom :Configuration ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :relatedInternalConcept ; owl:someValuesFrom :Arrangement ] . :Placenta :guid "befe3367-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "placenta2n" ; :wordnet "placenta" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all placentas, mammalian #$Organs which form in (and attached to) the #$Uterus out of a combination of fetal and maternal tissues, which provide oxygen and food to the fetal blood supply, and remove waste products (including CO2). A #$Placenta is attached to the fetus proper via the #$UmbilicalCord. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'placenta' in WordNet: 2. placenta - (the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :SheetOfSomeStuff . :PlacentalMammal :guid "c0d463be-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eutherian mammal1n", "eutherian1n", "placental mammal1n", "placental1n" ; :wordnet "eutherian", "eutherian mammal", "placental", "placental mammal" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlacentalMammal'' has a ''Placenta'' that serves as interface between the pregnant mother and the developing fetus she is gestating. CYC 'Eutheria': #$Eutheria is a specialization of #$Mammal. Each instance of #$Eutheria is a placental mammal; most mammals are members of this collection. #$Eutheria are born live, nurse from their mothers' #$MammaryGlands and live outside their mothers' bodies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'placental mammal' in WordNet: 1. placental, placental mammal, eutherian, eutherian mammal - (mammals having a placenta; all mammals except monotremes and marsupials) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mammal, :ViviparousAnimal . :PlagiarisedText :wnsense "piracy2n", "plagiarisation1n", "plagiarism2n", "plagiarization1n" ; :wordnet "piracy", "plagiarisation", "plagiarism", "plagiarization" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlagiarisedText'' is an abstract phrase(s), whether spoken or written, of some ''Phrase'' of any length, taken from the original author without that author's permission, and presented as though they are the original words of the plagiarist. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'plagiarism' in WordNet: 2. plagiarism, plagiarization, plagiarisation, piracy - (the act of plagiarizing; taking someone's words or ideas as if they were your own) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Copy, :Phrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unethical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plagiarism ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Plagiarism :wnsense "lift14v", "piracy2n", "plagiarisation1n", "plagiarise1v", "plagiarism2n", "plagiarization1n", "plagiarize1v" ; :wordnet "lift", "piracy", "plagiarisation", "plagiarise", "plagiarism", "plagiarization", "plagiarize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'plagiarism' in WordNet: 2. plagiarism, plagiarization, plagiarisation, piracy - (the act of plagiarizing; taking someone's words or ideas as if they were your own) WN verb 'plagiarize': 1. plagiarize, plagiarise, lift - (take without referencing from someone else's writing or speech; of intellectual property) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CopyrightInfringement, :MakingaCopy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plagiarist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlagiarisedText ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unethical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Plagiarist :wnsense "literary pirate1n", "pirate1n", "plagiariser1n", "plagiarist1n", "plagiarizer1n" ; :wordnet "literary pirate", "pirate", "plagiariser", "plagiarist", "plagiarizer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plagiarist' in WordNet: 1. plagiarist, plagiarizer, plagiariser, literary pirate, pirate - (someone who uses another person's words or ideas as if they were his own) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wrongdoer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plagiarism ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Plagioclase :containsChemicalElement :Aluminum, :Oxygen, :Silicon ; :guid "c0146485-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oligoclase1n", "plagioclase1n" ; :wordnet "oligoclase", "plagioclase" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plagioclase' in WordNet: 1. plagioclase, oligoclase - (any of a series of triclinic feldspars that form rocks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feldspar, :Mineral, :SolidSubstance . :Plaid :wnsense "plaid1n", "tartan1n" ; :wordnet "plaid", "tartan" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Plaid'' is a ''Cloth'' (a substance) with a ''PlaidPattern'' of colors on it. This is not necessarily a Tartan that is a symbol of a Scottish clan (perhaps that should be a subtype?). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plaid'and sense 1 of 'tartan' in Wordnet: 1. tartan, plaid - (a cloth having a crisscross design) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cloth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlaidPattern ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :PlaidPattern :en "plaid" ; a :GroupType, :ShapeType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlaidPattern'' is a ''CrissCrossPattern'' with lines crossing a right angles, and in which the the spaces between the lines have different colors. TODo: need to specify the angle of crossing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrissCrossPattern, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultiColored ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Plain :isTheOppositeOf :Fancy, :Patterned ; :ldoce "plain" ; :wnsense "plain2adj", "plain6adj" ; :wordnet "plain" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not ornamented or decorated; not fancy. The subtype 'SolidColored'' describes a ''SurfaceAttributeValue'' that is one opposite for subtypes of ''Patterned''. Corresponds to adjective senses 2 and 6 of 'plain' in WordNet: 2. (1) plain - (not elaborate or elaborated; simple; 'plain food'; 'stuck to the plain facts'; 'a plain blue suit'; 'a plain rectangular brick building') 6. (1) plain, bare, spare, unembellished, unornamented - (lacking embellishment or ornamentation; 'a plain hair style'; 'unembellished white walls'; 'functional architecture featuring stark unornamented concrete') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PlainArea :ldoce "plain" ; :wnsense "champaign1n", "field9n", "plain1n" ; :wordnet "champaign", "field", "plain" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LandArea that is relatively flat, and has no more than an occasional tree. 'Plain'is disjoint with 'WoodedArea', though it may have some small wooded areas as parts. In WordNet 'field' and 'plain' are part of the same synset, but a typical usage, a field is smaller than a plain. For agricultural fields, use 'Field'. A Plain is not necessarily flat, it can have small hills. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plain' in WordNet: 1. (1) plain, field, champaign - (extensive tract of level open land; 'they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain'; 'he longed for the fields of his youth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, :OutdoorObject ; owl:disjointWith :WoodedArea . :Plaintiff :wnsense "complainant1n", "plaintiff1n" ; :wordnet "complainant", "plaintiff" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Plaintiff'' is a ''Litigant'' who has initiated a legal complaint (civilvor criminal) against some ''Defendant''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plaintiff' in WordNet: 1. plaintiff, complainant - (a person who brings an action in a court of law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Litigant . :Plan :guid "be45d94e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "plan" ; :wnsense "plan of action1n", "plan1n" ; :wordnet "plan", "plan of action" ; a :PlanType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Plan' is The closest SUMO and DOLCE elements with the intended meaning of this type. However: COSMO note: unlike SUMO and DOLCE, COSMO classifies a 'Plan' as a Procedure (a MentalObject), and the action contemplated in a Plan is a PlannedAction. They are related by the relation {Plan hasExecutionEvent PlannedAction} A Plan is related to the intended end state by a relation of the form: {Plan hasDesiredSituation GoalSituation} A Plan can exist only in the mind of an IntentionalAgent, though it may have a physical representation, as in a document. It is related to an IntentionalAgent by a relation of the form: {Plan isInTheMindOf IntentionalAgent}, or the inverse: {IntentionalAgent hasMentalObject Plan} For each Plan here is some 'PlanContext'' which is a set of circumstances under which the Plan is intended to be executed. NOTE that a 'Plan' may have an end goal which does not involve a change of state - one may plan to run two laps around a course and wind up where one starts. CYC: An instance of #$Plan is a list of instances of #$PlanStep which, when performed in a given temporal order, serve to carry out certain tasks or to accomplish a certain goal. DOLCE: A plan is a method for executing or performing a procedure or a stage of a procedure.A plan must use both at least one role played by an agent, and at least one task.Finally, a plan has a goal as proper part, and can also have regulations and other descriptions as proper parts. SUMO: A specification of a sequence of Processes which is intended to satisfy a specified purpose at some future time. Includes noun sense 1 of 'plan' and sense 1 of 'plan of action' in WordNet: 1. (438) plan, program, programme - (a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; 'they drew up a six-step plan'; 'they discussed plans for a new bond issue') WN noun 'plan of action': 1. plan of action - (a plan for actively doing something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlannedAction ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInTheMindOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GoalSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlanContext ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ] . :PlanContext :guid "bd94deda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "contingency1n", "eventuality1n" ; :wordnet "contingency", "eventuality" ; a :ContextType, :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Context'' that is some set of circumsances under which a ''Plan'' (a Procedure specification) is intended to be executed. There may be multiple identifiable ''PossibleFutureSituation''s in one ''PlanContext'') - a ''Plan' may be executed depending on any of several possible situations ('contingencies'). CYC:('PlanBackgroundContext-General') Instances are contexts used for reasoning about #$Plans. More specifically, #$PlanBackgroundContexts are used to store high-level information about resources, constraints, commitments, initial state and purpose that are applicable to a certain class or type of #$Plan, such as military COAs (see #$COASpecificationMicrotheory). All #$Plans of the class in question will be established as specializations of the appropriate #$PlanBackgroundContext, so that they inherit these assumptions. Corresponds to part of to noun sense 1 of 'contingency' (those possible future situations that may affect a ''Plan'') in WordNet: 1. (1) eventuality, contingency, contingence - (a possible event or occurrence or result) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :Group, :PossibleFutureSituation . :PlanForAnOperation :en "operational plan", "plan for an operation" ; :enn "operational plan", "plan for an operation" ; :hasExecutionEvent :Operation ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlanForAnOperation'' is a ''Strategy'' (a complex ''Plan'') whose execution is an ''Operation'', an Activity involving two or more people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strategy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Operation ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mastermind ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :PlanType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlanType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''Plan'' as their argument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Planar :wnsense "planar1adj", "rectangular1adj", "two-dimensional1adj" ; :wordnet "planar", "rectangular", "two-dimensional" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Planar'' is the property of any two-dimensional object, that is, it lies completely in a single plane. In common sense, any such object must not be a ''PhysicalObject'', as it has zero width and therefore no mass. However, the cross-section of a PhysicalObject is considered in COSMO to be 'physical' although it has no mass (mass in grams = 0). So this attribute might be applied to things that are approximately planar. The combination of ''planar'' and ''TwoDimensionalGeometricThing'' would specify objects that are definitely *not* ''PhysicalObjects'' or parts therof. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'planar' in WordNet: 1. (2) planar, two-dimensional - (involving two dimensions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PlanarObject a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any TwoDimensionalFigure which has a well defined interior and exterior. NOTE: this can be used for physical objects that have a length and width significantly larger than the depth - such as a ''Board'' or a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that is ''Rigid''. This can be but is not necessarily a PhysicalObject. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Planar ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Plane :ldoce "plane" ; :wnsense "plane2n" ; :wordnet "plane" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An unbounded TwoDimensional region on which TwoDimenstional figures may be located. This is an abstract mathematical thing. For a planar physical object, use 'SheetOfSomeStuff'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'plane' in WordNet: 2. (16) plane, sheet - ((mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape; 'we will refer to the plane of the graph as the X-Y plane'; 'any line joining two points on a plane lies wholly on that plane') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PlaneAngleMeasure a :AttributeValueType, :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The value of an angle in a plane." ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :PlaneFigure-Geometrical :guid "be21f19b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$GeometricShapeType and a specialization of #$Figure-Geometrical and #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing (qq.v.). Each instance of #$PlaneFigure-Geometrical is an intangible two-dimensional geometrical figure, i.e. a two-dimensional part of some (flat or curved) plane. This collection includes, for instance, intangible #$Polygons and #$Discs.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricFigure, :TwoDimensionalGeometricThing . :Planet :ldoce "world" ; :wnsense "planet3n" ; :wordnet "planet" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any non-Earth planet orbiting any sun. A Planet is a large solid object that orbits a star. But there is not a clear distinction between planet-like objects that are large enough to fit the formal definition of 'planet' and those that are not quite large enough. The recent (ca. 2010) debate over whether to consider Pluto as a 'planet' is an example of how the definition is to some extent fuzzy. The word 'world' can also apply to non-Earth planets, as in part of sense 15 of 'world' in RHW: 15. any heavenly body: the starry worlds. Except for earth, corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'planet' in Wordnet: 3. planet - (any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AstronomicalBody, :Planet-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :orbits ; owl:someValuesFrom :Star ] . :Planet-Generic :wnsense "planet3n" ; :wordnet "planet" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any planet orbiting any sun, including the Earth. We make the distinction in order to avoid specifying that the Earth is located in the 'OuterSpaceVacuum', which is outside of Earth. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'planet' in WordNet, but does not include asteroids or near-planets like Pluto' is now judged to be: 3. planet - (any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AstronomicalBody, :AstronomicalObject, :LargeObject, :Place, :RigidObject, :SphericalObject . :Planetarium :guid "bf5ab2ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "planetarium1n" ; :wordnet "planetarium" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This is the collection of planetariums. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'planetarium' in WordNet: 1. planetarium - (a building housing an instrument for projecting the positions of the planets onto a domed ceiling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TheaterBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UrbanArea ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomedCeiling ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlanetariumProjector ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlanetariumProjector ; owl:onProperty :physicallyContains ] . :PlanetariumProjector a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'planetarium' in WordNet: 2. planetarium - (an optical device for projecting images of celestial bodies and other astronomical phenomena onto the inner surface of a hemispherical dome) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Projector, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Planetarium ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :PlanetaryOrbiting :en "orbiting of planets", "planetary orbiting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlanetaryOrbiting'' is the orbiting of a Planet around its star (including any Planet in our Solar system around our sun. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Orbiting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Planet ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :PlanetaryPole :ldoce "pole" ; :wnsense "pole7n" ; :wordnet "pole" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PlanetaryPole' is either of the two points on a Planet's nominal suface (geoid) that are on the axis of rotation. The most frequently referenced PlanetaryPoles are the Earth's NorthPole and SouthPole. NOTE: Since it was discovered that the actual poles of the Earth (and presumably other planets) can move somewhat from year to year, this notion is somewhat ambiguous. It is possible to fix a pole at some particular point in time, and refer to that pole; or to refer to the (estimated) instantaneous location of the pole at any one time. The poles of the WGS84 datum are instances of the subtype 'WGS84Pole'. Corresponds to a supertype of sense 7 of 'pole' in WordNet, broader to include the poles of other planets: in WordNet: 7. pole - (one of two antipodal points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the Earth's surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CenterOfRotation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlanetarySurfaceRegion ] . :PlanetarySatellite :guid "bd58d5cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "satellite3n" ; :wordnet "satellite" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any satellite of any size orbiting any planet. This can be natural, as a moon, or artificial, or so small a natural body as to not qualify as a ''Moon'', which is a subtype. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'satellite' (planetary satellites, or 'star satellites') in WordNet: 3. satellite - (any celestial body orbiting around a planet or star) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvexTangibleObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :orbits ; owl:someValuesFrom :Planet-Generic ] . :PlanetarySurfaceObject :wnsense "formation5n", "geological formation1n" ; :wordnet "formation", "geological formation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO, this type includes those physical portions of the Earth (a ''GeographicalThing'') that are near to the surface including the atmosphere of the planet, which is a physical object. But the usage here differs somewhat from that in Cyc, in that this category must be a physical object, and is not a space region. Cyc comment: A specialization of #$GeographicalThing and #$Surface-Physical. Each instance of #$GeographicalRegion is a tangible spatial region that includes some piece of the surface of a planet (usually #$PlanetEarth), and may be represented on a map of the planet. This includes purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, places defined by demographics (e.g., language areas) and territory otherwise demarcated (e.g. #$TimeZones). In dualist geopolitical contexts [see #$DualistGeopoliticalMt], instances of #$GeopoliticalEntity are also considered to be instances of #$GeographicalRegion. In all cases the region in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact. The instances of #$GeographicalRegion contrast in this respect with the instances of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible, which are wholly intangible. Examples of #$GeographicalRegion include #$RockyMountainStates-USRegion, the #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$SinaiPeninsula, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts - #$YaleUniversity and #$CityOfPittsburghPA. Some important types of regions are represented by the sub-collections #$LanguageArea, #$TimeZone, #$PostalCodeRegion, #$EcologicalRegion, #$ConstructionSite, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts -- #$GeopoliticalEntity. No instances of #$GeographicalRegion are wholly indoor locations. Corresponds most closely sense 1 of 'geological formation' in Wordnet: 1. geological formation, formation - ((geology) the geological features of the earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalThing, :Surface-Open, :Surface-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :hasReferenceLocation ] . :PlanetarySurfaceRegion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlanetarySurfaceRegion'' is a region of space at the surface of any planet; for the space region (not objects) at the surface of Earth use ''GeographicalRegion''. In COSMO, this type includes any region on or near the surface of Earth, including the region that contains its atmosphere. But the usage here differs from that in Cyc, and this category is not a physical object. For physical objects at the surface of a planet, see 'PlanetarySurfaceObject'. Cyc comment: A specialization of #$GeographicalThing and #$Surface-Physical. Each instance of #$GeographicalRegion is a tangible spatial region that includes some piece of the surface of a planet (usually #$PlanetEarth), and may be represented on a map of the planet. This includes purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, places defined by demographics (e.g., language areas) and territory otherwise demarcated (e.g. #$TimeZones). In dualist geopolitical contexts [see #$DualistGeopoliticalMt], instances of #$GeopoliticalEntity are also considered to be instances of #$GeographicalRegion. In all cases the region in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact. The instances of #$GeographicalRegion contrast in this respect with the instances of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible, which are wholly intangible. Examples of #$GeographicalRegion include #$RockyMountainStates-USRegion, the #$ContinentOfAustralia, #$SinaiPeninsula, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts - #$YaleUniversity and #$CityOfPittsburghPA. Some important types of regions are represented by the sub-collections #$LanguageArea, #$TimeZone, #$PostalCodeRegion, #$EcologicalRegion, #$ConstructionSite, and - in dualist geopolitical contexts - #$GeopoliticalEntity. No instances of #$GeographicalRegion are wholly indoor locations.""" ; rdfs:label "GeographicalRegion[Cyc-includes_other_planets]" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalThing, :PhysicalSpaceRegion, :Surface-Generic . :Plank :wnsense "plank1n" ; :wordnet "plank" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Plank' is a 'Board' made of wood, at least several feet long, and sufficiently thick and wide to support substantial weight (greater than 50 pounds) at the ends or in the middle. It must be made of Wood. If newer related objects of similar functionality come to be called a 'plank', they will have to be in a different class. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'plank' in WordNet: 1. (9) board, plank - (a stout length of sawn timber; made in a wide variety of sizes and used for many purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Planned :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PlanningEvent ; :wnsense "planned1adj" ; :wordnet "planned" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Planned'' is the attribute of an ''Event'' or Object that was the subject of a ''PlnningEvent''prior to its execution.or creation. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'planned' in Wordnet: 1. (5) planned - (designed or carried out according to a plan; 'the planned outlays for new equipment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PlannedAction :en "planned action", "planned event" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlannedAction'' is an Action that has not yet happened and would be expected to happen if a Plan is executed would be an Execution of (at least part of) that''Plan''. The specific ''Plan'' should be specified as the value of the relation ''isAnExecutionOf''. NOTE that a ''PlannedAction'' is an Action that is itself a ''DesiredFutureSituation'' and in addition,if successful will cause a ''GoalSituation'' that is a PersistentState (and a subtype of 'DesiredFutureSituation''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plan ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Plan :PlanType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GoalSituation :GoalType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Planned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Planner :wnsense "contriver1n", "deviser1n", "planner1n" ; :wordnet "contriver", "deviser", "planner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is ay person who makes a 'plan' of any kind for ay kind of activty - not necessarily a professional. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'planner' in WordNet: 1. (4) planner, contriver, deviser - (a person who makes plans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlanningEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaPlan ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PlanningAnOperation :en "plan an operation", "planning an operation" ; :enn "planning an operation" ; :env "planning an operation" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlanningAnOperation'' is 'MakingaPlan' in which the ''Plan'' specifies at least an outline and possibly also details of how an ''Operation'' (an Activity involving at least two people) is to be conducted. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaPlan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Operation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlanForAnOperation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :PlanningEvent :en "planning" ; :guid "d8cd8fc0-8fe5-41d8-8c94-ad5fa475edf7" ; :ldoce "plan" ; :wnsense "be after1v", "plan1v", "plan2v", "plan3v" ; :wordnet "be after", "plan" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'Planning' in both Cyc and SUMO. COSMO note: the difference betwen this type and 'MakingaPlan' is that a PlanningEvent may not actually produce a Plan, it may be incomplete, or continued at another time, or abandoned. For PlanningEvents that result in a Plan, use 'MakingaPlan'. An instance of 'MakingaPlan' may have multiple 'PlanningEvent's as subevents. Cyc: An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$PurposefulAction and #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of #$Planning is an event in which an #$IntelligentAgent (or #$Group thereof) thinks about how it will influence a future course of events. #$Planning is not the same as #$MakingAPlan, since one can plan without actually producing a #$Plan. Rather, #$MakingAPlan is a specialization of #$Planning. SUMO: Specifying a set of actions in order to meet a set of goals or objectives. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'plan' in WordNet: 2. (27) plan - (make plans for something; 'He is planning a trip with his family') 3. (17) plan, project, contrive, design - (make or work out a plan for; devise; 'They contrived to murder their boss'; 'design a new sales strategy'; 'plan an attack') WN verb 'plan': 1. (44) plan, be after - (have the will and intention to carry out some action; 'He plans to be in graduate school next year'; 'The rebels had planned turmoil and confusion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :MentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Plan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intending ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Plant :guid "bd58c6e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "plant", "vegetable" ; :wnsense "plant2n" ; :wordnet "plant" ; a :OrganismType, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all individual plants, an instance of #$OrganismClassificationType and a specialization of #$EukaryoticOrganism. #$Plant is a member of the #$BiologicalKingdom and contains the primary subjects of #$Botany. The instances of this collections are typically stationary, living, whole organisms; the cells of plants generally lack cholesterol and have cell walls that include substances of #$Cellulose. Most, though not all, plants are capable of making sugars by #$Photosynthesis-Plant processes and have green parts. Some example subsets of #$Plant are the collections #$RoseBush, #$SpruceTree, and #$Moss. SUMO: An Organism having cellulose cell walls, growing by synthesis of Substances, generally distinguished by the presence of chlorophyll, and lacking the power of locomotion. This type represents 'vegetable' in the triad 'animal, vegetable or minersal' Corresponds to sense 3 of 'vegetable' in RHW: 3. any member of the vegetable kingdom; plant. THere is no similar sense of 'vegetable' in WordNet. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'plant' in WordNet, however in COSMO a 'plant' is not necessarily living: in Wordnet: 2. (207) plant, flora, plant life - (a living organism lacking the power of locomotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EukaryoticOrganism, :PlantBLO, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VegetableMatter ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] ; owl:disjointWith :Animal . :Plant-NonWoody :en "non-woody plant" ; :guid "c10adb62-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of non-woody, herbaceous #$Plants. Those #$Plants such as grasses, herbs, wildflowers, etc. which are fairly low-growing, often annual, and don't grow woody stems. Excludes large, hard bamboos, and Balsa.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonWoody ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Plant-Woody :guid "c0fde301-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "woody plant1n" ; :wordnet "woody plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Plant and #$TerrestrialOrganism. Each instance of #$Plant-Woody is a plant whose trunk, stems, or branches (and usually roots) are woody. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woody plant' in WordNet: 1. woody plant, ligneous plant - (a plant having hard lignified tissues or woody parts especially stems) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant, :TerrestrialOrganism . :PlantBLO :guid "c0fe06bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BiologicalLivingObject that includes all plants and parts of plants. #$PlantBLO is thus the union (see #$collectionUnion) of #$Plant and #$PlantPart (qq.v.). COSMO note: this is not a subtype of Organism. For whole plants, see 'Plant'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalLivingObject . :PlantBranch :ldoce "branch" ; :wnsense "branch2n" ; :wordnet "branch" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any secondary stem that is not the identifiable main stem of a plant. SUMO: The stem of a Plant or any shoot arising from the stem of a Plant. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'branch' in WordNet: 2. (15) branch - (a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :LongAndThinThing, :PlantPart, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :PlantBud :en "plant part bud" ; :enn "plant part bud" ; :wnsense "bud1n" ; :wordnet "bud" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bud' in WordNet: 2. (2) bud - (a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sprout, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immature ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PlantCane :wnsense "cane2n" ; :wordnet "cane" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cane' in WordNet: 2. cane - (a strong slender often flexible stem as of bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stalk . :PlantCovering :wnsense "peel1n", "rind1n", "skin2n" ; :wordnet "peel", "rind", "skin" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FruitSkin' or 'FruitRind' or surface portion of a vegetable, such as a potato skin, but excluding the husk of a nut. See the subtypes. NOTE: for the soft and edible 'skin' of fruits such as nectarines or grapes, use the subtype ''FruitSkin''. Includes sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'peel' (excluding nuts) in Wordnet: 1. skin, rind, peel - (the tissue forming the hard outer layer (of e.g. a fruit)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyCovering, :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Plant ] . :PlantDisease :wnsense "plant disease1n" ; :wordnet "plant disease" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlantDisease'' is an abnormal ''OrganismCondition''in Plants that is harmful to the Plant. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plant disease' in WordNet: 1. plant disease - (a disease that affects plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disease, :RelativeState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlantType ] ; owl:disjointWith :AnimalDisease . :PlantGland :en "plant gland" ; :enn "plant gland" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PlantGland'' is a part of a Plant that secretes some substance, internally or externally. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :secretes ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :PlantJuice :guid "bd58ccd9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "juice" ; :wnsense "juice1n" ; :wordnet "juice" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Liquid derived by a natural or manufacturing process from fruit or vegetables, usually for use as a food. This is more restricted than the WordNet sense, but includes extracts that have some component of solids, such as tomato juice or orange juice. @ToDo: relate to ''SqueezingEvent''? In Cyc called 'Juice'. That term is used in COSMO to include liquids derived from any organism. Cyc: 'Juice': Instances of #$Juice are quantities of liquid derived from fruits or other plant parts by either squeezing them or pulverizing them. Instances of #$Juice consist mostly of water, with bits of plant tissue and dissolved compounds (e.g., sugars). Many kinds of #$Juice are considered to be #$Drink; i.e., they are typically drunk as is, possibly chilled. Other kinds of #$Juice are considered only food ingredients, such as lime or lemon juice. Still other kinds of #$Juice might not be considered food at all, such as the #$Juice one might obtain by squeezing a bunch of grass clippings. Corresponds to part ('plant') of noun sense 1 of 'juice' in WordNet. For the more general sense, use 'Juice'. in WordNet: 1. (2) juice - (the liquid part that can be extracted from plant or animal tissue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitAndVegetableFood, :Juice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :PlantOrgan :wnsense "plant organ1n" ; :wordnet "plant organ" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Wordnet category. NOTE that 'gland' is used in COSMO only for animal organs. This can include 'glands' in pants that serete some substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plant organ' in WordNet: 1. plant organ - (a functional and structural unit of a plant or fungus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart . :PlantOrganicProcess :en "plant biological function", "plant biological process", "plant organic process" ; a :ActionType, :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Any Organic Process that is characteristic of a ''Plant''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalProcess, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Plant :PlantType ) ] ] . :PlantOvary :en "plant ovary" ; :wnsense "ovary1n" ; :wordnet "ovary" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Wordnet category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ovary' in WordNet: 1. ovary - (the organ that bears the ovules of a flower) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantReproductiveStructure . :PlantPart :SUMO "PlantAnatomicalStructure" ; :guid "bd58ee6f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plant part1n", "plant structure1n" ; :wordnet "plant part", "plant structure" ; a :OrganismPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PlantBLO and #$OrganismPart. Each instance of this collection is a physical part of some #$Plant. An important specialization of this collection is #$BotanicalOrgan; but #$PlantPart also includes many smaller plant parts which display a similar level of organization - they have vascular tissue, ground tissue, and an epidermis - but are not included in the traditional understanding of a #$BotanicalOrgan (i.e. leaves, stems, roots and flowers). See also #$PlantPartType. We allow mushrooms to be a 'plant' for this purpose (wordnet general sense includes mushrooms).: In SUMO called 'PlantAnatomicalStructure' SUMO: AnatomicalStructures that are possessed exclusively by Plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plant part' in WordNet: 1. plant part, plant structure - (any part of a plant or fungus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismPart, :PlantBLO, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VegetableMatter ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Plant :Mushroom ) ] ] . :PlantPartType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """PlantPartType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for plant parts and an argument restriction for various relations on parts of plants. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismPartType . :PlantProduct :guid "bd58923e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: substance, not an object. A PlantProduct is not necessarily organic, though most are. Cyc: The collection of #$Products that are plants or plant parts (individually or in bulk), or substances derived from plants, which are produced by people or countries and made available for use, sale or exchange. If an item is a plant or plant part, it is also an instance of #$VegetableMatter. In SUMO called 'PlantSubstance' SUMO: BodySubstances that are produced exclusively by Plants.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :PlantReproductiveStructure :wnsense "reproductive structure1n" ; :wordnet "reproductive structure" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Wordnet category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reproductive structure' in WordNet: 1. reproductive structure - (the parts of a plant involved in its reproduction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantOrgan . :PlantStigma :wnsense "stigma1n" ; :wordnet "stigma" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stigma' in WordNet: 1. stigma - (the apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantReproductiveStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantStyle ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pistil ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pistil ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :PlantStraw :wnsense "straw1n" ; :wordnet "straw" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single stem of a grain plant, whether dried or not. For the substance consisting of many PlantStraw's see 'Straw'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'straw' in RHW: 1. a single stalk or stem, esp. of certain species of grain, chiefly wheat, rye, oats, and barley. None of the Wordnet sense of 'straw' match this exactly; the closest is noun sense 1 (which seems like a substance, but sense 2 is more explicitly the substance ('material'): in WordNet: 1. (10) straw - (plant fiber used e.g. for making baskets and hats or as fodder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stem . :PlantStyle :wnsense "style6n" ; :wordnet "style" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'style': 15. Bot. a narrow, usually cylindrical and more or less filiform extension of the pistil, which, when present, bears the stigma at its apex. See diag. under flower. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'style' in WordNet: 6. style - ((botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantReproductiveStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantStigma ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pistil ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PlantType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """PlantType is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for a Plant. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismType . :Plantation :wnsense "plantation1n" ; :wordnet "plantation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Plantation'' is a ''LandedEstate'' that grows cash crops. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plantation' in WordNet: 1. (4) plantation - (an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandedEstate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Farm ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaisingCrops ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Planted :isAnAttributeValueOf :Plant ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PlantingaPlant ; :isTheOppositeOf :Wild ; :wnsense "planted2adj" ; :wordnet "planted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'planted' in Wordnet: 2. planted - (set in the soil for growth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PlantedPlant :en "planted plant" ; :enn "planted plant" ; :wnsense "cultivated plant1n" ; :wordnet "cultivated plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlantedPlant'' is any ''Plant'' that was intentionally ''Planted''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cultivated plant' in WordNet: 1. cultivated plant - (plants that are grown for their produce) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Planted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantingaPlant ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] ; owl:disjointWith :Weed . :Planter :wnsense "plantation owner1n", "planter1n" ; :wordnet "plantation owner", "planter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Planter'' is a ''Farmer'' who manages and owns or is a part owner of a ''Plantation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'planter' in WordNet: 1. (7) planter, plantation owner - (the owner or manager of a plantation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Farmer, :Manager, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plantation ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plantation ; owl:onProperty :hasOwnershipIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaisingCrops ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PlanterFlowerpot :wnsense "planter3n" ; :wordnet "planter" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlanterFlowerpot'' is an ''Ornamental'' ''Flowerpot'' used indoors to hold ''HousePlant''s. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'planter' in WordNet: 3. planter - (a decorative pot for house plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flowerpot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IndoorLocation ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HousePlant ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingHousePlants ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Planting :wnsense "planting2n" ; :wordnet "planting" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Planting'' is a Group of ''Plant''s that have been planted intentionally, all within some contiguous area. The ''Plant''s can be of any kind and the area covered can as small as part of a garden, or as large as a forest. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'planting' in WordNet: 2. planting - (a collection of plants (trees or shrubs or flowers) in a particular area; \"the landscape architect suggested a small planting in the northwest corner\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlantedPlant ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PlantingASeed :en "planting a seed" ; :enn "planting a seed" ; :guid "bd58c402-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which a seed is intentionally placed in or covered with soil """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantingaPlant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seed ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :PlantingaPlant :guid "bd58c0ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "plant" ; :wnsense "plant1v", "planting1n", "set12v" ; :wordnet "plant", "planting", "set" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which a (usually immature) plant or seed is intentionally placed in or covered with soil. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plant' in WordNet: 1. (8) plant, set - (put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground; 'Let's plant flowers in the garden') WN noun 'planting': 1. (3) planting - (the act of fixing firmly in place; 'he ordered the planting of policemen outside every doorway') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingAnObject, :HumanActivity, :Motion, :PurposefulAction, :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantBLO ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantBLO ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantBLO ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Plaque :wnsense "plaque2n" ; :wordnet "plaque" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Plaque' is a 'CommemorativeObject' made of metal (usually brass), commemorates some person or Event, but is a SmallObject and is thus not a 'ConstructionArtifact'. It should have some kind of writing on it. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'plaque' in WordNet: 2. (1) brass, memorial tablet, plaque - (a memorial made of brass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommemorativeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :commemorates ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Plasma :guid "be187bc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plasma3n" ; :wordnet "plasma" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A state of matter consisting of ions or other charged particles moving freely or confined to some region of space by magnetic fields. NOTE: a ''Plasma'' does not have to be hot, cold plasma exists under certain circumstances. The essense is the collection of charged particles interacting CYC 'Plasma-StateOfMatter': A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible and an instance of #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState. Each instance of #$Plasma-StateOfMatter is an object in the plasma state of matter. Matter existing in this state is at sufficiently high temperatures and pressures (for the kind of matter it is) that all molecules are completely ionized and those ions move freely away from each other. Plasmas don't exist naturally on Earth, but do exist inside stars. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'plasma' in WordNet: 3. plasma - ((physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons; 'particles in space exist in the form of a plasma') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceByState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChargedParticle ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :Plaster :guid "bd58a29b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Gypsum, :QuickLime ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :QuickLime ; :isUsedInAction :CoveringSomething ; :wnsense "plaster1n" ; :wordnet "plaster" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: 1. a composition, as of lime or gypsum, sand, water, and sometimes hair or other fiber, applied in a pasty form to walls, ceilings, etc., and allowed to harden and dry. CYC: 'PlasterTheConstructionMaterial': A pasty substance (composed of lime, water, and sand) that hardens on drying and is used for coating walls, ceilings, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plaster' in WordNet: 1. (2) plaster - (a mixture of lime or gypsum with sand and water; hardens into a smooth solid; used to cover walls and ceilings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuickLime ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoveringSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :PlasterBoard :guid "bd58d8bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gypsum board1n", "plasterboard1n" ; :wordnet "gypsum board", "plasterboard" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A board used in large sheets to cover walls and ceilings as a substitute for plaster. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plasterboard' in WordNet: 1. plasterboard, gypsum board - (wallboard with a gypsum plaster core bounded to layers of paper or fiberboard; used instead of plaster or wallboard to make interior walls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WallBoard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gypsum ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :PlasterOfParis :hasComponentSubstance :Gypsum ; :wnsense "plaster of Paris1n", "plaster2n" ; :wordnet "plaster", "plaster of Paris" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlasterOfParis'' is a powdered form of ''CalciumSulfate' that is used to make solid objects in special shapes by moistening the powder and putting it into some form of ''Mold'' and letting it harden to form the object in the shape desired. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plaster of Paris' in WordNet: 1. (1) plaster of Paris, plaster - (any of several gypsum cements; a white powder (a form of calcium sulphate) that forms a paste when mixed with water and hardens into a solid; used in making molds and sculptures and casts for broken limbs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CalciumSulfate, :Powder . :Plastic :guid "bd58f496-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "plastic" ; :wnsense "plastic1n" ; :wordnet "plastic" ; a :PlasticType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Plastic is a specialization of #$ArtificialMaterial. Each instance of #$Plastic is a piece of some type of plastic. This collection includes plastics of all kinds: artificial, mostly polymeric, inedible, organic moldable hydrocarbons. Some common types are #$Rayon, #$Nylon, polyethylene, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plastic' in WordNet: 1. (5) plastic - (generic name for certain synthetic or semisynthetic materials that can be molded or extruded into objects or films or filaments or used for making e.g. coatings and adhesives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, :Polymer, :SyntheticSubstance . :PlasticBag :guid "bd58f549-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plastic bag1n" ; :wordnet "plastic bag" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of bags made of plastic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plastic bag' in WordNet: 1. plastic bag - (a bag made of thin plastic material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bag, :PieceOfPlasticFilm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plastic ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PlasticFilm :guid "bd58a56d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; :isaShapedFormOfSubstance :Plastic ; :ldoce "film" ; :wnsense "film4n" ; :wordnet "film" ; a :PlasticType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The collection of all instances of plastic film. Corresponds to part of sense 4 of 'film' in Wordnet: 4. (28) film, plastic film - (a thin sheet of (usually plastic and usually transparent) material used to wrap or cover things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Film-SheetOrCoating, :Plastic, :SheetlikeSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PlasticSurgery :wnsense "anaplasty1n", "plastic surgery1n", "reconstructive surgery1n" ; :wordnet "anaplasty", "plastic surgery", "reconstructive surgery" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plastic surgery' in WordNet: 1. plastic surgery, reconstructive surgery, anaplasty - (surgery concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :OptionalSurgery . :PlasticType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlasticType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''Plastic'' to allow an argument restriction for the relations on ''Plastic''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSubstanceType, :SolidSubstanceType . :PlasticWrap :guid "bd58aea1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plastic wrap1n" ; :wordnet "plastic wrap" ; a :PlasticType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WrapperStuff made of plastic, not necessarily clear. Includes large diameter sheets used in packaging items on a pallet. Includes but is broader (not just clear plastic) than noun sense 1 of 'plastic wrap' in WordNet: 1. plastic wrap - (wrapping consisting of a very thin transparent sheet of plastic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlasticFilm, :WrapperStuff . :PlasticWrappedPackOfCandyBars :en "pack of candy bars", "plastic wrapped pack of candy bars" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlasticWrappedPackOfCandyBars'' is a ''PlasticWrappedPackage'' in which the cotents are some type of candy bar. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlasticWrappedPackage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CandyBar ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PlasticWrappedPackOfEightChocolateBars a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlasticWrappedPackOfEightChocolateBars'' should be identical in inherited properties with ''EightPackOfChocolateBars'', but in this case using the subtype ''EightChocolateBars'' of ''QuantityOfSomething''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlasticWrappedPackage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :EightChocolateBars ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :PlasticWrappedPackage :en "package wrapped in plastic", "plastic wrapped package" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlasticWrappedPackage'' is a ''WrappedPackage'' for which the wrapping material is ''PlasticWrap''. This is generic and when needed the type of plastic can be specified more explicitly. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrappedPackage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlasticWrap ; owl:onProperty :isCompletelySurrounded3DBy ] . :Plate :ldoce "plate" ; :wnsense "plate4n" ; :wordnet "plate" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In WordNet, a subtype of 'dish': For a plate of steel or wood or plastic, use 'SheetOfSomeStuff' and its subtypes. This type includes wooden,metal, plastic, and glass Plates. Dishes that are made of ceramic would also be instances of 'China-Dinnerware' For the generic 'plate' that is a sheet of some rigid material, use ''Board''. In RHW, 'plate' appears to be distinguished by its function in being the dish from which food is eaten; other dishes may only be for serving or preparation. 4. (3) plate - (dish on which food is served or from which food is eaten) Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'plate' in Wordnet: 1. (9) dish - (a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food; 'we gave them a set of dishes for a wedding present') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dish . :PlateGlass :guid "bd58a95a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; :wnsense "plate glass1n", "sheet glass1n" ; :wordnet "plate glass", "sheet glass" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance Glass, in the form of a moderately rigid sheet. This is technically not the same as blown glass, which can be made in sizes so large it can be used for window glass. However, the two are included inthis type at this point (rev809), and may be distinguished later. NOTE: the term 'plate glass' is usually used for sheets of glass made by a special proces on a flat surface, in contrast to glass made by blowing large cylinders that is approximately flat - and not as free of imperfections. Distinction not needed at this point. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plate glass' in WordNet: 1. plate glass, sheet glass - (glass formed into large thin sheets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Glass, :SheetlikeSubstance . :Plateau :guid "be650780-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plateau1n", "tableland1n" ; :wordnet "plateau", "tableland" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$LandTopographicalFeatures. Each #$Plateau is an elevated, level or nearly level portion of the earth's surface, larger in summit area than a #$Mountain and bounded on at least one side by steep slopes, occurring on land or in oceans. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plateau' in WordNet: 1. tableland, plateau - (a relatively flat highland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Highland, :Protrusion, :TopAndBottomSidedObject . :Platform :guid "c0fcee0b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "platform1n" ; :wordnet "platform" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A Platform is a PhysicalObject with a relatively flat upper surface that was created with a main function of serving as support for people, or for devices to enable their use. It may be stationary, or, as in the military sense (see ''WeaponsPlatform''), it may be seaborne, or airborne, or mobile on land; it may have storage components, such as the naval ships that are seaborne weapons 'platforms' or airborne platforms. It may be large or small. The top part of a larger object may be designated as a 'Platform', or the whole object itself may be considered as a 'Platform'. The generic ''Platform'' does not have to havea flat top, as helicopters are included in the military sense. NOTE: The specifically military sense military is represented as '''WeaponsPlatform''; perhaps the 'stage' for performing should be in a completely separate branch?. The 'stage' for performing (or speaking) is the subtype ''StageForPerformances''. This differs from the OpenCyc; in COSMO a 'Platform' does not have to be a ConstructionArtifact. Therefore a Table-Furniture is a Platform in COSMO. Cyc: a large, flat, construction artifact which is usually elevated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'platform' in Wordnet: 1. (5) platform - (a raised horizontal surface; 'the speaker mounted the platform') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatToppedObject, :SolidTangibleArtifact, :SupportingObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject . :Platform-Military :en "military platform" ; :enn "military platform" ; :guid "c15730e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "platform4n" ; :wordnet "platform" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Platform-Military is a specialization of #$MilitaryHardware and #$TransportationDevice. Each instance of #$Platform-Military is a transportation device which can carry military equipment such as #$Weapons, personnel and communications equipment. When a #$Platform-Military is armed with a #$Weapon, such as a #$Tank-Vehicle, it will result in a type of #$WeaponSystem.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :Facility-Generic, :MilitaryHardware, :Platform, :TransportationDevice . :PlatingMetal :guid "bd58ad42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plate1n" ; :wordnet "plate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PlatingMetal' is an Action that can be accomplished by either adding a pre-existing sheet of metal to some metal object, or by electroplating a layer of metal onto a surface. In CYC 'MetalPlating': CYC: A collection of events. In each #$MetalPlating event, an object made of metal is coated with a very thin layer of a different metal. The coating process is done in such a way as to permanently bond the two layers. Corresponds to ver sense 1 of 'plate' in WordNet: 1. plate - (coat with a layer of metal; 'plate spoons with silver') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface, :CoveringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SheetOfMetal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :SheetOfMetal ] . :Platinum :guid "bd590981-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "78"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Pt1n", "platinum1n" ; :wordnet "Pt", "platinum" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of platinum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'platinum' in WordNet: 1. (5) platinum, Pt, atomic number 78 - (a heavy precious metallic element; grey-white and resistant to corroding; occurs in some nickel and copper ores and is also found native in some deposits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreciousMetal, :UnalloyedMetal . :Platoon :guid "bdf81f08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "platoon1n" ; :wordnet "platoon" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Platoon-MilitaryEchelon': The attribute of being a military platoon within a military echelon structure. In the USA, a military unit with the status of #$Company-UnitDesignation is typically composed of two or more units with the status of #$Platoon-UnitDesignation, and a unit with the status of #$Platoon-UnitDesignation is typically composed of two or more units with the status of #$Squad-UnitDesignation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'platoon' in WordNet: 1. (6) platoon - (a military unit that is a subdivision of a company; usually has a headquarters and two or more squads; usually commanded by a lieutenant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmyUnit, :ModernMilitaryOrganization . :Platter :guid "bd589f05-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "platter1n" ; :wordnet "platter" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large plate used to serve food -- specifically meat such as ham, whole turkeys, etc. Significantly different from a serving tray! A platter will never have glasses and dishes placed directly upon it (although serving utensils such as carving knives, etc., may be). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'platter' in WordNet: 1. platter - (a large shallow dish used for serving food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dish, :Flatware, :ServingVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Platypus :guid "bd58aa64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Ornithorhynchus anatinus1n", "duck-billed platypus1n", "duckbill2n", "duckbilled platypus1n", "platypus1n" ; :wordnet "Ornithorhynchus anatinus", "duck-billed platypus", "duckbill", "duckbilled platypus", "platypus" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all duck-billed platypi; a subset of #$Mammal. Elements of #$Platypus are Australian monotreme mammals, the females of which order lay eggs and lactate over a broad chest area rather than through teats. They have broad leathery bills and webbed feet. They swim in streams and rivers and live in burrows. #$Platypus constitutes an instance of #$BiologicalSpecies (also called Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'platypus' in WordNet: 1. platypus, duckbill, duckbilled platypus, duck-billed platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus - (small densely furred aquatic monotreme of Australia and Tasmania having a broad bill and tail and webbed feet; only species in the family Ornithorhynchidae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Monotreme, :NonHumanAnimal . :Plausible :wnsense "plausible1adj" ; :wordnet "plausible" ; a :AttributeValueType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Plausible'' is a subtype of ''Possible'' including an evaluative judgment that the ting csidred ''Plausible'' is not very unlikely, and does not warrant scepticism. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'plausible' in Wordnet: 1. (2) plausible - (apparently reasonable and valid, and truthful; 'a plausible excuse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Credible, :Possible . :Play :ldoce "play" ; :wnsense "play2n" ; :wordnet "play" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Play' is a 'DramaticPerformance' (including musicals) that is executed by live actors from a PlayScript. This includes rehearsals, which may have no audience other than the director and the actors. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'play' in WordNet: 2. (10) play - (a theatrical performance of a drama; 'the play lasted two hours') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaticPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlayScript ] . :PlayScript :ldoce "play" ; :wnsense "drama1n", "dramatic play1n", "play1n" ; :wordnet "drama", "dramatic play", "play" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is an abstract conceptual work, not the physical document which is represented as ''PlayScript-Physical''. Each PlayScript is a Specification for how actors are to behave while executing the actions and dialogue. This is for scripts that are intended for performance as live theater plays, though it may be adapted for movies. A ''DramaticComposition'' that is specifically written as the lines and drections for actors in a Movie is represented as ''Screenplay''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'play' in WordNet: 1. (32) play, drama, dramatic play - (a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage; 'he wrote several plays but only one was produced on Broadway') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaScript, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Play ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayScript-Physical ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :PlayScript-Physical :wnsense "book7n", "playscript1n", "script1n" ; :wordnet "book", "playscript", "script" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlayScript-Physical'' is a *written* physical representation of a abstract conceptual ''DramaticComposition'', part or all of which is gven to the actors to learn their lines and moves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playscript' in WordNet: 1. script, book, playscript - (a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DramaticPerformance ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlayScript ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :Playboy :guid "c0c94ed5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "man-about-town1n", "playboy1n" ; :wordnet "man-about-town", "playboy" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Not the well-known magazine 'Playboy' published by #$HughHefner, but the lifestyle exemplified by HughHefner, that of a party-going, easy-living, wealthy bon-vivant. In fictional terms, Bruce Wayne and Bertie Wooster played the role of a playboy also. Playboys are perhaps best described by their lifestyle choices -- typically they drive fast cars, party at exclusive clubs and drink champagne in copious amounts. The word derives from an originally derisive word for people who worked in traveling theatre groups and/or seemed to live a life free of social responsibility. Singe's play 'The playboy of the western world' exemplifies this original reading of the word. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playboy' in WordNet: 1. playboy, man-about-town, Corinthian - (a man devoted to the pursuit of pleasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hedonist, :MalePerson, :Swinger, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualBehavior ; owl:onProperty :enjoys ] . :Player :wnsense "participant2n", "player1n" ; :wordnet "participant", "player" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Player'' is a ''Person'' is a ''Participant'' in some ''GameEvent''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'player' in WordNet: 1. (20) player, participant - (a person who participates in or is skilled at some game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Participant, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GameEvent :GameType :SportType ) ] ] . :PlayfulFrolic :en "playful frolic" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlayfulFrolic'' is a human ''RecreationalActivity'' that is brief and lighthearted and done for mild amusement. This can be verbal banter or physical movements. This type does not seem to have a standard single-word label in WordNet or RWH. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :RecreationalActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amusement-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Playground :guid "c0fba7fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "playground2n" ; :wordnet "playground" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An open-air piece of Ground designated as a place where children can play. This may be a facility maintained by a community, or within a private property. This is a PhysicalObject, not a region of space. It includes playgrounds near private homes, playgrounds in school yards, or and other place primarily designed for children to play, but if there are commercial rides, use 'LeisureFacility'. For the places where adults can recreate -relax and enjoy things - use 'LeisureFacility'. Includes noun sense 2 of 'Playground' in WordNet; a large commercial recreational facility is not and instance - this is for places where children typically play: in WordNet: 2. playground - (yard consisting of an outdoor area for children's play) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :LeisureFacility, :OutdoorObject, :RecreationalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Playing ] . :PlaygroundDevice :ldoce "toy" ; :wnsense "plaything1n" ; :wordnet "plaything" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlaygroundDevice'' is a non-portable Object used for ''Playing''. This does not have to be located in an actual playground it could be in a home or in the yard of a house, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Plaything, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Playing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ] . :PlaygroundObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An open-air piece of Ground designated as a place where children can play. This may be a facility maintained by a community, or within a private property. This is a PhysicalObject, not a region.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorObject, :RecreationalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Playground ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :Playing :en "playing" ; :guid "c0946212-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "play" ; :wnsense "play1v", "play5v" ; :wordnet "play" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Recreation that involves active participation, as contrasted with passive watching. Cyc: A specialization of #$AnimalActivity. An animal is 'playing' when it is acting for enjoyment, rather than to work, do chores, get food or sex or to defend itself, or study or read or converse, or be passively entertained. This includes all forms of playing, including sports, playing games, and playing games alone, such as solitaire; includes both transitive and intransitive senses.. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 5 of 'play' in WordNet: 1. (70) play - (participate in games or sport; 'We played hockey all afternoon'; 'play cards'; 'Pele played for the Brazilian teams in many important matches') 5. (23) play - (be at play; be engaged in playful activity; amuse oneself in a way characteristic of children; 'The kids were playing outside all day'; 'I used to play with trucks as a little girl') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :RecreationalActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoyment ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :PlayingABoardGame :en "playing a board game" ; :guid "bd58d3e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Playing a game such as Monopoly, Chess, Checkers, etc..." ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GameBoard ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :PlayingABrassInstrument :en "playing a brass instrument" ; :guid "c100594a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Playing any #$BrassInstrument: #$Trumpet, #$Tuba, French horn, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingAMusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HornInstrument ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :PlayingABridgeGame :en "play bridge", "playing bridge" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Playing a game of Bridge using a deck of cards." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingACardGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeckOfCards ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BridgeGame ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :PlayingACardGame :en "playing a card game", "playing cards" ; :enn "playing a card game", "playing cards" ; :env "play a card game", "play cards" ; :guid "c100e7c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Playing a CardGame, using a deck of cards. This is specific for ''CardGame''s that are competitive (more than one player, with winners and losers). A 'solitaire' game is a questionable subtype, as it has only one identifiable participant, unless one considers one's prior performance as the competitor (the second player is the same Person? or Lady Luck?) - @@ToDo - can this be formalized? NOTE that the restriction requires that, as part of such a game, cards must be dealt to the players. The Dealer need not be a participant in the game. In Solitaire, the interpretation is that the player deals to him/herself. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, :GameEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeckOfCards ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DealingCards ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CardPlayer ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :PlayingAComputerGame :guid "6b9f8090-0083-11d7-840e-00a0c9e78122" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The process of playing a computer game" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalComputer ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :PlayingAMusicalInstrument :guid "bd58d427-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "play" ; :wnsense "play3v" ; :wordnet "play" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The set of events in which a single person uses a single #$MusicalInstrument as the #$deviceUsed to produce #$Music (or at least an #$AudibleSound). Thus an #$Orchestra playing is not an instance of this. But the first violinist's playing, a #$subEvents of the whole orchestra's playing is a #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument. Two people playing a piano duet is a music making event which has two #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument #$subEvents. Note: see also #$InstrumentPlayingFn which is used to denote e.g. the collection of all tuba playing events as (#$InstrumentPlayingFn #$Tuba) Used in transitive and intransitive senses. Corresponds to *part* (for pianos) of verb sense 3 of 'play' (a single instrument by a single person) in WordNet: 3. (29) play - (play on an instrument; 'The band played all night long') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, :MakingMusic, :PerformingArtActivity, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MusicalInstrumentType :MusicalInstrument ) ] ] . :PlayingAPokerGame :en "play poker", "playing poker" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Playing a game of Poker using a deck of cards." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingACardGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeckOfCards ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PokerGame ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :PlayingCard :guid "bfc4e919-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "card" ; :wnsense "card1n", "playing card1n" ; :wordnet "card", "playing card" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: the collection of playing cards, each of which is one of a pack of cards used in playing card games or (as with tarot cards) telling fortunes. This must be from some standardized set of cards, but may be specific to certain individual games such as board games; therefore this is *not* only for the 52-card decks from ace to king, spades to clubs, of a poker or bridge deck. The WordNet gloss suggests trading cards, as for images of sports players, which is *not* included in this sense. SUMO: A small piece of stiff paper with markings which is intended to be used for playing card games. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playing card' and to part of sense 1 of 'card' in WordNet (playing cards or tarot cards only, from some standardized deck of cards) in WordNet: 1. playing card - (one of a pack of cards that are used to play card games) WN noun 'card': 1. (5) card - (one of a set of small pieces of stiff paper marked in various ways and used for playing games or for telling fortunes; 'he collected cards and traded them with the other boys') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Card, :GameArtifact, :InformationBearingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :PlayingChess :guid "c10aeff9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Playing chess with a standard ChessBoard and set of pieces.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingABoardGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChessSet ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChessBoard ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :PlayingDarts :en "dart game", "playing darts" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlayingDarts'' is an Action in which the players throw ''Dart''s at a ''DartBoard'', trying to get their dats closest to the center, or in some defined pattern. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingABoardGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Darts ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DartBoard ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dart ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :PlayingOneHoleOfGolf :wnsense "hole3n" ; :wordnet "hole" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlayingOneHoleOfGolf'' is one part of ''PlayingaGolfGame'' in which the player(s) drive their ''GolfBall''(s) from the tee for one 'hole' into the 'cup' of that 'hole' on the 'green'. NOTE that in WN this is a time interval, while in COSMO it is an Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf hole' in WordNet: 1. hole, golf hole - (one playing period (from tee to green) on a golf course; 'he played 18 holes') WN noun 'golf hole': 3. (5) hole, golf hole - (one playing period (from tee to green) on a golf course; 'he played 18 holes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, :PlayingaSport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfClub ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaGolfGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :PlayingPeriod :wnsense "period of play1n", "play9n", "playing period1n" ; :wordnet "period of play", "play", "playing period" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This can be the ''TimeInterval' during which a whole GameEvent proceeds, or one of several TimeIntervals into which a GameIs Divided. For the different named ''TimeInterval''s that are parts of different types of games, see the subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playing period' in WordNet: 1. playing period, period of play, play - ((in games or plays or other performances) the time during which play proceeds; 'rain stopped play in the 4th inning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval . :PlayingaBugle :en "playing a bugle" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlayingaBugle'' is the Action in which a Person plays a ''Bugle''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingABrassInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bugle ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :PlayingaDrum :en "playing a drum" ; :eng "drumming" ; :wnsense "drum1v" ; :wordnet "drum" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Playing a ''DrumInstrument''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'drum' in WordNet: 2. (1) drum - (play a percussion instrument) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Percussion, :PlayingAMusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrumInstrument ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StrikingaDrum ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :PlayingaGolfGame :wnsense "golf1n" ; :wordnet "golf" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlayingaGolfGame'' is the Action in which one or more Persons play one complete game of Golf. WordNet makes no distinction between the sport and an individual game; this Wordnet entry is the game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'golf' in Wordnet: 1. (9) golf, golf game - (a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GolfGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Golfer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfBall ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfClub ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingOneHoleOfGolf ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :PlayingaGuitar :en "play a guitar" ; :env "play a guitar" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Playing a ''Guitar''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingAMusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Guitar ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strumming ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :PlayingaMusicRecording :wnsense "play13v", "play18v" ; :wordnet "play" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Event that occurs when a recording of a MusicalPerformance is played back on some device. This counts as a PurposefulAction because it is alway set in motion by an agent, even if there is a long series of causative events performed by automatons between the original agent's action and the actual playing (as in playing bell chimes in achurch tower according to a predetermined time schedule) NOTE: the WN senses of 'play' do not make distinctons about the kind of information recorded ad played. Sense 18 is usedfor all kinds of playing recorded sounds or video. Includes transitive and intransitive verb senses 13 and 18 of 'play' in WordNet: 13. (3) play - (emit recorded sound; 'The tape was playing for hours'; 'the stereo was playing Beethoven when I entered') 18. (1) play, run - (cause to emit recorded sounds; 'They ran the tapes over and over again'; 'Can you play my favorite record?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingaSoundRecording, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MusicalComposition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :Music ] . :PlayingaPhonograph :en "playing a piano" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlayingaPhonograph'' is the Action of controlling the operation of a ''Phonograph'', classified (non-traditionally here) as a ''MusicalInstrument''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OperatingaPoweredDevice, :PlayingAMusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Phonograph ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :PlayingaPiano :en "playing a piano" ; :guid "c100594a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Playing a ''Piano'', classified as a ''PercussionInstrument''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Percussion, :PlayingAMusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Piano ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :PlayingaSoundRecording :wnsense "play13v", "play18v" ; :wordnet "play" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlayingaSoundRecording''is the Action inwhich some agent cotrols a Device that can use a ''SoundRecording'' to cause the Device to emot the ''Sound'' recorded on the ''SoundRecording''. This is general and includes ''SoundRecording''s that are connected with ''VideoRecording''s. NOTE: the WN synset of sense 18 is also used for playing ''VideoRecording''s Includes transitive and intransitive verb senses 13 and 18 of 'play', in WordNet: 13. (3) play - (emit recorded sound; 'The tape was playing for hours'; 'the stereo was playing Beethoven when I entered') 18. (1) play, run - (cause to emit recorded sounds; 'They ran the tapes over and over again'; 'Can you play my favorite record?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :InformationBearingThing, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sound ] . :PlayingaSport :wnsense "play1v" ; :wordnet "play" ; a :EventType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PlayingaSport'' is part or all of a ''GameEvent'' that is an execution of some ''Sport''. This includes a number of subtypes and can be used when the specific subtype of interest does not fall under the already defined subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'play' in WordNet: 1. (70) play - (participate in games or sport; 'We played hockey all afternoon'; 'play cards'; 'Pele played for the Brazilian teams in many important matches') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Playing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SportType ] . :PlayingaVideoRecording :wnsense "play18v", "run10v" ; :wordnet "play", "run" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Event that occurs when a ''VideoRecording'' of any kind of ''Event'' is played so as to show the images (the ''View'') recorded. NOTE: WN does not have a sense of 'play' clearly including ''VideoRecording''s, so sense 18 is expanded in COSMO to include playing ''VideoRecording''s. NOTE: a ''VideoRecording'' may or may not include sound, so this is not a subtype of ''PlayingaSoundRecording''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 18 of 'play' in WordNet: 18. (1) play, run - (cause to emit recorded sounds; 'They ran the tapes over and over again'; 'Can you play my favorite record?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingSomething, :HumanActivity, :InformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoRecording ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplayDevice ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :showsEvidenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplay ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaSoundRecording ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :PlayingaWindInstrument :en "playing a wind instrument" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Playing any ''WindInstrument-Musical'' by blowing into it or across it.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingAMusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WindInstrument-Musical ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlowingAirFromLungs ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Playmate :wnsense "playmate1n" ; :wordnet "playmate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Playmate'' is The Role of a Companion who is a young child and who plays together with another child. This is a reciprocal relation, as the playmate of one child has that child as a playmate. This is used mostly for pre-teen ''YoungHuman''s, though an adult may mimic the role of playmate for the benefit of a young acquaintance. RHW: 1. a companion, esp. of a child, in play or recreation Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playmate' in WordNet: 1. (3) playmate, playfellow - (a companion at play) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Child, :Companion, :ReciprocalRole . :Playoff :wnsense "playoff1n" ; :wordnet "playoff" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes both individual Games and a series of games. It is therefore a Group of ''SportsEvent''s and it includes the occasion of a single ''SportsEvent'' as a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playoff' in WordNet: 1. playoff - (any final competition to determine a championship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsCompetition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Champion ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :PlayoffGame :wnsense "playoff1n" ; :wordnet "playoff" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PlayOffGame''is the final or semifinal game (or final set of games) at the end of a series involving more than two competitors, to detemine the final winner ('championship'). RHW: 1. (in competitive sports) the playing of an extra game, rounds, innings, etc., in order to settle a tie. 2. a series of games or matches, as between the leading teams of two leagues, in order to decide a championship: In America the most exciting play-off is the World Series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playoff' in WordNet: 1. playoff - (any final competition to determine a championship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Final ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Playsuit :wnsense "playsuit1n" ; :wordnet "playsuit" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: a sports costume for women and children, usually consisting of shorts and a shirt, worn as beachwear, for tennis, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playsuit' in WordNet: 1. playsuit - (a sports outfit for women or children; usually consists of shorts and a blouse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SportsEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blouse ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shorts ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Plaything :wnsense "plaything1n" ; :wordnet "plaything" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Plaything'' is any ArtifactObject designed for the kind of amusement called 'Playing' (including sports), by any human, child or adult. The common ''Toy'' Artifact used by young children is the subtype ''Toy''. In WordNet 'plaything' is indistinguishable from 'toy', but this type is not just for children, and includes large objects such as playground devices as well as''Toy''s that can be carried in the hand, and entertainent objects such as puzzles. in WordNet: 1. plaything, toy - (an artifact designed to be played with) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanScaleObject, :RecreationalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Playing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Playwright :guid "bd58b029-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "playwright1n" ; :wordnet "playwright" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who has written a play that has been publicly performed, or who has written more than one play of literary merit. A student who has written a play as an exercise would not be an instance of this category, but it is not reserved for professionals. A person may be a Playwight as well as a Novelist and play other roles as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'playwright' in Wordnet: 1. (4) dramatist, playwright - (someone who writes plays) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Writer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAuthorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlayScript ] . :Plea :wnsense "plea1n", "supplication2n" ; :wordnet "plea", "supplication" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Plea'' is an Appeal requesting something from a person of higher position, such as a governmental authority.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plea' in WordNet: 1. supplication, plea - (a humble request for help from someone in authority) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :Pleading :en "pleading" ; :wnsense "plead1v" ; :wordnet "plead" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A requesting that is performed with an earnest appeal - expressing a deeper desire for fulfillment than a simple Requesting. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plead' in WordNet: 1. (10) plead - (appeal or request earnestly; 'I pleaded with him to stop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Requesting . :Pleasant :isTheOppositeOf :Unpleasant ; :ldoce "nice", "pleasant" ; :wnsense "nice1adj", "pleasant1adj", "pleasing1adj", "pleasing2adj", "pleasing3adj", "pleasing4adj", "sweet4adj" ; :wordnet "nice", "pleasant", "pleasing", "sweet" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - events, processes, or objects - that in normal circumstances can be expected to give pleasure to people who experience it (Events) or possess it (things). See also 'PleasantThing' with the restriction that it causes pleasure. For people who are pleasant in behavior use 'Nice''. The sense of 'aesthetically pleasing'' is the subtype ''EstheticallyPleasing''. This provides one method to mark those Assets that are especially worthy of attention. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pleasant' 2 and part of sense 1 of 'nice' and all 4 seses of 'pleasing' and sese 4 of 'sweet' in WordNet: WN 'pleasant': 1. (9) pleasant - (affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings; 'a pleasant person to be around'; 'we had a pleasant evening together'; 'a pleasant scene'; 'pleasant sensations') WN 'nice': 1. (23) nice - (pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance; 'what a nice fellow you are and we all thought you so nasty' - George Meredith; 'nice manners'; 'a nice dress'; 'a nice face'; 'a nice day'; 'had a nice time at the party'; 'the corn and tomatoes are nice today') WN 'pleasing': 1. (7) pleasing - (giving pleasure and satisfaction; 'a pleasing piece of news'; 'pleasing in manner and appearance') 3. appreciated, gratifying, pleasing, satisfying - (giving pleasure or satisfaction) 4. pleasing - (able to please or win approval) WN adj 'sweet': 4. (2) sweet - (pleasing to the senses; 'the sweet song of the lark'; 'the sweet face of a child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Good, :Salient . :PleasantEvent :causesMentalEventType :Pleasure ; :wnsense "pleasure3n", "pleasure4n" ; :wordnet "pleasure" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PleasantEvent' is a 'DesirableEvent' that is (among other things) Pleasant (usually, by default) to some IntentionalAgent. NOTE that the same Event may be pleasant to one agent and unpleasant to another, as in a contest or endingof any other zero-sum situation; so PleasantEvent and UnpleasantEvent are not in general disjoint. NOTE: sense 2 can be an object, but the gloss suggests that events like being in another's company are included in that sense. There should be a parent for objects that give pleasure - usually by perceiving (e.g. seeing) them, and the Events can be a sister type or subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 4 and part of sense 2 of 'pleasure' in WordNet: 2. (4) joy, delight, pleasure - (something or someone that provides pleasure; a source of happiness; 'a joy to behold'; 'the pleasure of his company'; 'the new car is a delight') 4. pleasure - (an activity that affords enjoyment; 'he puts duty before pleasure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaFeeling, :DesirableEvent, :PleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ] . :PleasantThing :ldoce "pleasure" ; :wnsense "pleasure2n" ; :wordnet "pleasure" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PleasantThing is an Event, Process, Substance, or Object that will typically (or is intended to) give 'Pleasure' to a person who experences it (an Event) or who has possession of it (an object). This is a very broad category, necessarily vague because many things can give pleasure in many ways and in many degrees, yet it is useful to be able to predict whether a person can be expected to be pleased by something. To be more precise in such prediction will require a great deal of information about the circumstances and inclinations of individual people. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pleasure' in WordNet: 2. (4) joy, delight, pleasure - (something or someone that provides pleasure; a source of happiness; 'a joy to behold'; 'the pleasure of his company'; 'the new car is a delight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :Pleasantly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Pleasant ; :wnsense "agreeably1adv", "enjoyably1adv", "pleasantly1adv" ; :wordnet "agreeably", "enjoyably", "pleasantly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Pleasantly'' is an adverb that asserts that Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'pleasantly' in Wordnet: 2. (2) pleasantly, agreeably, enjoyably - (in an enjoyable manner; 'we spent a pleasantly lazy afternoon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Pleasantness :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Pleasant ; :wnsense "pleasantness2n", "sweetness4n" ; :wordnet "pleasantness", "sweetness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pleasantness' in WordNet: 2. pleasantness, sweetness - (the quality of giving pleasure; 'he was charmed by the sweetness of her manner'; 'the pleasantness of a cool breeze on a hot summer day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goodness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing ] . :Pleased :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Pleasure ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PleasingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Angry ; :wnsense "pleased1adj" ; :wordnet "pleased" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing pleasure at the occurrence of some PleasingEvent. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'pleased' in WordNet: 1. (9) pleased - (experiencing or manifesting pleasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :PleasingEvent :ldoce "please" ; :wnsense "please1v" ; :wordnet "please" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PleasingEvent' is any Event (including static situations) that causes pleasure (is a PleasantThing). A person's actions, or a pleasant spring day can both be a 'PleasingEvent'. Individual Events are categorized in this type in retrospective, therefore the restriction requires that each PleasingEvent cause Pleasure to someone. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'please' in WordNet: 1. (15) please, delight - (give pleasure to or be pleasing to; 'These colors please the senses'; 'a pleasing sensation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaMentalEvent, :PleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :PleasurableSensation :causes :Pleasure ; :guid "bd590bf5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pleasure" ; :wnsense "pleasure1n" ; :wordnet "pleasure" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PleasurableSensation' is a Sensation that causes Pleasure. This can be a sense sensation, such as smelling a pleasant fragrance, or hearing good music, or tasting good food, or a BodySensation such as an Orgasm. NOTE that COSMO distinguishes between the Feeling of Pleasure, which is mostly mental, and the Sensation of a 'PleasurableSensation', which arises from the body and affects the feelings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pleasure' in WordNet: 1. (21) pleasure, pleasance - (a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience; 'he was tingling with pleasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PleasantThing, :Sensation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Sensation :PleasantThing ) ] . :Pleasure :guid "bd590bf5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pleasure" ; :mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute :Beautiful, :Pleasant ; :wnsense "pleasance2n", "pleasure1n" ; :wordnet "pleasance", "pleasure" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is an intensive form of ''Satisaction'', the base, minimal level of pleasant feeling caused by some ''PleasantEvent''. Other more intense forms of pleasant Feeling such as 'Enjoyment' are also represented in COSMO. This is the Feeling; things that cause this feeling are represented in COSMO as 'PleasantEvent'; observing a ''PleasantThing'' is also a ''PleasantEvent''and can cause''Pleasure''.. NOTE that COSMO distinguishes between the Feeling of Pleasure, which is mostly mental, and the Sensation of a PleasurableSensation, which arises from the body and affects the feelings. Cyc ('Pleasure-Feeling'): Agreeable feeling of gratification or satisfaction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pleasure' in WordNet: 1. (21) pleasure, pleasance - (a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience; 'he was tingling with pleasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Satisfaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PleasantEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beautiful ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IndulgingaDesire ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :PleasureCraft :wnsense "cabin cruiser1n", "cruiser3n", "pleasure boat1n", "pleasure craft1n" ; :wordnet "cabin cruiser", "cruiser", "pleasure boat", "pleasure craft" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for all 'pleasure craft' with some kind of interior space and does not require plumbing or sleeping facilities. An expensive one would be a 'cabin cruiser' or 'yacht' - can use differentation. 1. a vessel used for private cruising, racing, or other noncommercial purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pleasure craft' in WordNet: 1. cabin cruiser, cruiser, pleasure boat, pleasure craft - (a large motorboat that has a cabin and plumbing and other conveniences necessary for living on board) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motorboat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalCombustionEngine ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :PleasuresOfTheFlesh :en "pleasures of the flesh" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PleasuresOfTheFlesh'' are forms of ''IndulgingaDesire'' that involve eating, drinking, and/or sexual activity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndulgingaDesire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pleat :wnsense "plait2n", "pleat1n" ; :wordnet "plait", "pleat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pleat'' is one of multiple ''Crease''s in some ''FabricObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pleat' in WordNet: 1. (1) pleat, plait - (any of various types of fold formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and then pressing or stitching into shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AngularShape ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FabricObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Pledge :wnsense "assurance2n", "pledge4n" ; :wordnet "assurance", "pledge" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pledge''is a ''Message'' produced by a ''Pledging''Action, being more ''Formal'' and more ''Solemn'' than a typical ''Promise'' . This may be given with or without a reciprocal promise. A written 'non-disclosure agreement' would include a pledge as part of the agreement. NOTE that in COSMO 'commitment' has a special meaning derived from FIBO, which includes reciprocality, so is not a parent of this type. This may need to be changed to include the more general meaning of 'commitment'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'pledge' in WordNet: 4. assurance, pledge - (a binding commitment to do or give or refrain from something; 'an assurance of help when needed'; 'signed a pledge never to reveal the secret') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Message, :Promise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pledging ] . :Pledging :wnsense "pledge1v", "plight2v" ; :wordnet "pledge", "plight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Pledging'' is a ''MakingAPromise'' in a ''Formal' and ''Solemn'' manner. RHW: 3. to give in pledge, as one's word, or to pledge, as one's honor. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pledge' in WordNet: 1. (3) pledge, plight - (promise solemnly and formally; 'I pledge that will honor my wife') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAPromise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solemn ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pledge ] . :Plentiful :isMoreIntenseThan :MoreThanEnough ; :wnsense "copious2adj", "plenteous1adj", "plentiful1adj", "plentiful2adj", "rich12adj" ; :wordnet "copious", "plenteous", "plentiful", "rich" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Plentiful'' is more than just 'MoreThanEnough' but not ''Excessive'' . Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'plentiful' in WordNet: 1. (2) plentiful - (existing in great number or quantity; 'rhinoceroses were once plentiful here') 2. (2) ample, copious, plenteous, plentiful, rich - (affording an abundant supply; 'had ample food for the party'; 'copious provisions'; 'food is plentiful'; 'a plenteous grape harvest'; 'a rich supply') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoreThanEnough . :PlentyOfThings :en "a lot of", "lots of", "plenty of" ; :ldoce "lot", "plenty" ; :wnsense "lot1n", "plenty2n" ; :wordnet "lot", "plenty" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PlentyOfThings is a Group of ten or more entities. This is necessarily vague, but for purpose of logic has a minimum number. Also see the VerbalQuantifier 'Alot' as an Attribute to express the number in this Group; that provides and alternative means of handling the 'a lot' or 'plenty of' phrase. @ToDo: requires a functional treatment. This corresponds to sense 14 of 'lot' in RHW: 14. Often, lots. a great many or a great deal: a lot of books; lots of money. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'plenty' and sense 1 of 'lot' in WordNet: 2. (2) batch, deal, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap, lot, mass, mess, mickle, mint, muckle, peck, pile, plenty, pot, quite a little, raft, sight, slew, spate, stack, tidy sum, wad, whole lot, whole slew - ((often followed by 'of') a large number or amount or extent; 'a batch of letters'; 'a deal of trouble'; 'a lot of money'; 'he made a mint on the stock market'; 'it must have cost plenty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LotOfThings . :Pliers :guid "bd58d240-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pair of pliers1n", "pliers1n", "plyers1n" ; :wordnet "pair of pliers", "pliers", "plyers" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hand tool made of two pieces of (usually) metal, connected with a rotating joint so that closing one side with the hand closes the grasping jaws at the other end. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pliers' in WordNet: 1. pliers, pair of pliers, plyers - (a gripping hand tool with two hinged arms and (usually) serrated jaws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarpentryTool, :Device-UserPowered, :GrippingTool, :HandTool, :ManufacturedGoods, :SimpleTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PivotDevice ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :GrasperArm ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Plot :wnsense "game9n", "plot1n", "secret plan1n" ; :wordnet "game", "plot", "secret plan" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a ''Plot'' in WN is a type of secret ''Scheme'', but in COSMO ''Scheming'' is a type of ''Plot'' performed by a GroupOfPeople. The usages are different and the Actions and results in COSMO do not mesh precisely with the linguistic terms in WN. A ''Plot'' can be produced by one Person''plotting' while a ''Scheme'' requires some collusion between two or more people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plot' in WordNet: 1. (9) plot, secret plan, game - (a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal); 'they concocted a plot to discredit the governor'; 'I saw through his little game from the start') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scheme, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secret ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plotting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :PlotOfLand :wnsense "patch2n", "plot of ground1n", "plot2n" ; :wordnet "patch", "plot", "plot of ground" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A delineated ''Tract' of RealEstate that is owned by one owner (which could be a corporation or Group of people or the public) but small enough and developed enough to have some specific recognizable use. Includes but is broader than sense 2 of WN 'plot' and sense 2 of 'patch', not requiring any vegetation, and allowing other uses. in WordNet: 2. (6) plot, plot of ground, patch - (a small area of ground covered by specific vegetation; 'a bean plot'; 'a cabbage patch'; 'a briar patch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tract . :Plotting :wnsense "plot1v" ; :wordnet "plot" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''PlanningEvent'' carried out in secret, not being revealed because it may cause some other(s) to take action to stop it. Typically but necessarily used for illegal actvities. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plot' in WordNet: 1. (6) plot - (plan secretly, usually something illegal; 'They plotted the overthrow of the government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlanningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secret ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plot ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :PloughingaTrench :eng "plowing" ; :wnsense "plough2v", "plow1v" ; :wordnet "plough", "plow" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PloughingaTrench'' is a type of ''DiggingaTrench'' in which the 'digging' is accomplished by 'pushing' the soil from the location where the''Ditch''is desired to some other (unspecified) location, where it may stay or be carted away. This is a general 'plowing' that includes plowing ''Furrow''s for farming and plowing a space for the foundation of a ''Structure'' (including roads), as well as any other purpose that can be advanced by pushing soil out of any locataion. In construction, this can be done by a ''Bulldozer'' and in farming by a ''Plow''. NOTE 1: that this is a ''PushingEvent'' and that includes the farming sense, where a ''Plow'' may be *pulled* by some machine or animal. But although the ''plow'' may be pulled, the ''Plow'' itself 'pushes' the soil to achieve removal of the soil. NOTE 2: although this is 'DiggingaTrench', the ultimate purpose may be to create an embankment, so the Trench is only a by-product of the act of creating the embankment. The farming sense of 'plowing' is represented as the subtype ''Plowing''. Includes but may be briader than verb sense 2 of 'plough' in WordNet: 2. plow, plough, turn - (to break and turn over earth especially with a plow; 'Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week'; 'turn the earth in the Spring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiggingaTrench, :PushingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Plover :guid "bf2a0c86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plover1n" ; :wordnet "plover" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plover' in WordNet: 1. plover - (any of numerous chiefly shorebirds of relatively compact build having straight bills and large pointed wings; closely related to the sandpipers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShoreBird . :Plow :guid "bd58910f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plow1n" ; :wordnet "plow" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A simple ''Device'' that is designed to be dragged behind an animal or powered machine to create a furrow or turnover soil in farming operations.. CYC: 'PlowAgriculturalImplement': The collection of agricultural implements whose primary function is to plow a field Motorized plowing devices such as a ''Snowplow'' are under motor vehicles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plow' in WordNet: 1. (2) plow, plough - (a farm tool having one or more heavy blades to break the soil and cut a furrow prior to sowing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmDevice, :HexalateralObject, :Tool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blade ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Plowing :en "PlowingAField", "plowing a field" ; :guid "bd58c3bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :typicallyOccursAt :Farm ; :wnsense "plough2v", "plow1v", "turn11v" ; :wordnet "plough", "plow", "turn" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'PlowingAField': The collection of events in which a field is plowed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plow' in WordNet: 1. (6) plow, plough, turn - (to break and turn over earth especially with a plow; 'Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week'; 'turn the earth in the Spring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :PloughingaTrench, :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Farm ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoleInTheGround ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Furrow ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plow ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :Ploy :wnsense "gambit2n", "ploy2n", "stratagem1n" ; :wordnet "gambit", "ploy", "stratagem" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ploy' in WordNet: 2. ploy, gambit, stratagem - (a maneuver in a game or conversation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Maneuver, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GameEvent :Conversation :ActionType ) ] ] . :Pluck :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Gutsy ; :wnsense "gutsiness1n", "pluck1n", "pluckiness1n" ; :wordnet "gutsiness", "pluck", "pluckiness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Difficult to tell the difference between ''Pluck'' and ''Gumption''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pluck' in WordNet: 1. (1) gutsiness, pluck, pluckiness - (the trait of showing courage and determination in spite of possible loss or injury) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Courage, :Determination . :PluckingaString :eng "plucking" ; :wnsense "pick9v", "pluck2n", "pluck4v", "plunk4v" ; :wordnet "pick", "pluck", "plunk" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is not just pulling, but pulling and releasing a taut string. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'pluck' in WordNet: 4. pluck, plunk, pick - (pull lightly but sharply with a plucking motion; 'he plucked the strings of his mandolin') WN noun 'pluck': 2. pluck - (the act of pulling and releasing a taut cord) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, :PullingOnAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalString ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :Plug :wnsense "plug1n" ; :wordnet "plug" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Plug'' is a solid 'SealingObject'' used to reversibly close an opening such as a drain (as in a sink or bathtub), designed for that purpose. For objecs that serve to sea the top of open-top container, use ''ContainerStopper'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'plug' in WordNet: 1. (15) plug, stopper, stopple - (blockage consisting of an object designed to fill a hole tightly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SealingObject . :PluggedIn :ened "plugged in" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PluggingInAnElectricalDevice ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unplugged ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PluggedIn' is the state of an 'ElectricalDevice' that has been connected to a source of line power, and may now be turned on. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceState, :PastParticiple . :PluggingAnOpening :wnsense "plug1v" ; :wordnet "plug" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PluggingAnOpening'' is to put a 'PhysicalObject'' of some type into an opening in a container or barrier, to prevent objects or substances from moving into or out of the region that the barrier protects or the container holds. The distinction from the more general ''SealingSomething'' is that the opening plugged is one that should not exist usually developing after an artifact is created. This is narrower than the knds of gaps that are 'sealed', which could be gaps between components of an object sealed in the course of manufacture of a larger object (e.g. sealing the jont between tiles when tiling a surface). The logical distinction still (rev1243) needs to be formalized. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plug' in WordNet: 1. (2) plug, stop up, secure - (fill or close tightly with or as if with a plug; 'plug the hole'; 'stop up the leak') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SealingSomething . :PluggingInAnElectricalDevice :ldoce "connect" ; :wnsense "connect10v", "plug in1v" ; :wordnet "connect", "plug in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PluggingInAnElectricalDevice' is the Action of connecting an 'ElectricalDevice' to a power line using a plug or some kind. This is the common 'plugging in' action, which must precede turning on for line-powered devices. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plug in' and verb sense 10 of 'connect' in WordNet: 1. (2) plug in, connect - (plug into an outlet; 'Please plug in the toaster!'; 'Connect the TV so we can watch the football game tonight') WN verb 'connect': 10. plug in, connect - (plug into an outlet; 'Please plug in the toaster!'; 'Connect the TV so we can watch the football game tonight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDeviceState, :Connecting, :PoweringAnElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectricalDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unplugged ; owl:onProperty :hasStateBeforeChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PluggedIn ; owl:onProperty :hasStateAfterChange ] . :Plum :wnsense "plum2n" ; :wordnet "plum" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Drupe typically one to two inches in diameter, with a smooth skin, soft, sweet flesh, and a pit that is oblong. Its color is purplish, varying from bluish to reddish, and the name of the fruit is also the name of a color of that hue. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plum' in Wordnet: 2. plum - (any of numerous varieties of small to medium-sized round or oval fruit having a smooth skin and a single pit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :Drupe, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Plumage :en "feathers" ; :ennp "feathers" ; :guid "c01a82f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plumage1n" ; :wordnet "plumage" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The elements of this collection consist of the entire covering of feathers on a bird, **that are still in place on the Bird**. NOTE: WN mixes one feather and all the feathers on one Bird. This is for all the feathers onone Bird. One faether is represented by ''Feather''. Corresponds to *part* noun sense 1 of 'plumage' in WordNet: 1. feather, plume, plumage - (the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfFeathers, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InSitu ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Plumber :guid "bd58959e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plumber1n" ; :wordnet "plumber" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any occupation that involves installing, repairing, and replacing pipes and pipe fixtures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plumber' in Wordnet: 1. (3) plumber, pipe fitter - (a craftsman who installs and repairs pipes and fixtures and appliances) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TradeWorker . :PlumbingFixture :guid "bd58f57a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plumbing fixture1n" ; :wordnet "plumbing fixture" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$PlumbingFixture is a device whose primary function is to be a functional, significant part of some plumbing system (see the constant #$PlumbingSystem-Building). Notable specializations of #$PlumbingFixture include #$Pipe-Plumbing, #$Toilet, and #$ShowerHead. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plumbing fixture' in WordNet: 1. plumbing fixture - (a fixture for the distribution and use of water in a building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Fixture, :PartOfBuilding . :PlumbingSystem-Building :guid "bd58f6c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plumbing system1n", "plumbing1n" ; :wordnet "plumbing", "plumbing system" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The entire plumbing system that runs throughout a building or other construct. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plumbing system' in WordNet: 1. plumbing, plumbing system - (utility consisting of the pipes and fixtures for the distribution of water or gas in a building and for the disposal of sewage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, :WaterSupplySystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlumbingFixture ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConveyingWaterByPipes ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Plummeting :wnsense "plummet1v", "plump1v", "plunge2v" ; :wordnet "plummet", "plump", "plunge" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Plummeting'' is a rapid ''Falling-Freefall''. For the metaphorical sense of 'plummet' for values of quantitative attributes such as price or temperature or favorability use ''Plunging''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plummet' in WordNet: 1. (1) plummet, plump - (drop sharply; 'The stock market plummeted') WN verb 'plunge': (when used literally) 2. (4) dive, plunge, plunk - (drop steeply; 'the stock market plunged') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Descending, :Falling-Freefall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fast ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Plundering :wnsense "pillage2n", "pillaging1n", "plundering1n" ; :wordnet "pillage", "pillaging", "plundering" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Plundering'' is a ''Aggression'' Action that includes robbing (''Robbery'') of more than a few items from some Place, not from a single person, and usually from some Building. Metaphorically it is used to refer to taking intellectual property from one or more owners. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plundering' in WordNet: 1. plundering, pillage, pillaging - (the act of stealing valuable things from a place; 'the plundering of the Parthenon'; 'his plundering of the great authors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aggression, :Robbery . :Plunging :en "diving", "plunging" ; :wnsense "dive1v", "plummet1v", "plunge2v", "plunk3v" ; :wordnet "dive", "plummet", "plunge", "plunk" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Plunging'' is a rapid ''MotionDownward''. This type can be used metaphorically for values of quantitative attributes such as prices or ratings (e.g. favorability ratings). For the literal 'plunging' that is a ''Falling-Freefall'' use ''Plummeting'' The metaphorical sense of 'tank' meaning 'plunge to the bottom' (as for the stock market) is not in WN,in RHW: 9. Slang. to do poorly or decline rapidly; fail: The movie tanked at the box office. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'plunge' in WordNet: 2. (4) dive, plunge, plunk - (drop steeply; 'the stock market plunged') WN verb 'plummet' (when used metaphorically) 1. (1) plummet, plump - (drop sharply; 'The stock market plummeted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :MotionDownward, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fast ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PlunkingSomethingDown :en "plunk something down" ; :eng "plunking something down" ; :wnsense "flump2v", "plank down1v", "plank2v", "plonk down1v", "plonk1v", "plop3v", "plump down1v", "plump down2v", "plump2v", "plunk down1v", "plunk3v" ; :wordnet "flump", "plank", "plank down", "plonk", "plonk down", "plop", "plump", "plump down", "plunk", "plunk down" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'plunk down' in WordNet: 1. plank, flump, plonk, plop, plunk, plump down, plunk down, plump - (set (something or oneself) down with or as if with a noise; 'He planked the money on the table'; 'He planked himself into the sofa') WN verb 'plump down': 1. plonk down, plump down, plank down - (drop heavily) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingDown . :Plural :hasAbbreviation "plu"^^xsd:string, "plu."^^xsd:string ; :ldoce "plural" ; :wnsense "plural1adj", "plural2adj" ; :wordnet "plural" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Plural' as an attribute of a Group that has more than one member,i.e. a PluralThing; and also an attribute of Nouns that are in the grammatically plural form. This includes to both adjective senses of 'plural' in WordNet: 1. plural - (composed of more than one member, set, or kind) 2. plural - (grammatical number category referring to two or more items or units) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PluralThing a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every PluralThing is a Group consisting of at least two or more entities, considered as one entity, and is related to the component entities by the relation 'hasComponentElement' The name of subtypes of 'PluralThing' in COSMO may take the form of a plural of a count noun. But plurals of count nouns are also used to name 'CommodityProducts', so that usage is not a reliable indicator that a term represents a PluralThing. A 'PluralThing' is an Object, and a 'CommodityProduct' is a substance, so the two are disjoint concepts, in spite of the close relation. The 'CommodityProduct' should only be used in the substance sense, and PluralThing for those things who individual members are the focus of representation. NOTE: in COSMO, Group is restricted to groupings of at least one entity, as in OpenCyc. In this manner PluralThing stays closer to the linguistic intuition of a plural. A more generic Group that is not a TemporalThing could be defined, but is left out at this point. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pluralism :wnsense "pluralism1n" ; :wordnet "pluralism" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: @ToDo: this needs to be related to Different GroupOfPeople''s: EthnicGroup; Nationality; RaceOfPeople; RacialMinority; Culture; MuslimGroup; ReligiousGroup. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pluralism' in WordNet: 1. pluralism - (a social organization in which diversity of racial or religious or ethnic or cultural groups is tolerated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EthnicGroup :Nationality :RaceOfPeople :RacialMinority :Culture :ReligiousGroup ) ] ] . :Plurality :wnsense "plurality3n", "relative majority1n" ; :wordnet "plurality", "relative majority" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'plurality' in WordNet: 3. plurality, relative majority - ((in an election with more than 2 options) the number of votes for the candidate or party receiving the greatest number (but less that half of the votes)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Plutonium :hasProtonCount "94"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "plutonium1n" ; :wordnet "plutonium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A radioactive metallic element with 94 protons in each nucleus. It is not naturally-occurring and is made in nuclear reactors, and used in nculear weapons and in power reactors as fissile material. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plutonium' in Wordnet: 1. plutonium, Pu, atomic number 94 - (a solid silvery grey radioactive transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Plywood :wnsense "plywood1n" ; :wordnet "plywood" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance plywood, a artificially layered type of Wood. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'plywood' in Wordnet: 1. plywood, plyboard - (a laminate made of thin layers of wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionMaterialType, :DimensionalLumber, :Wood . :PneumococcalPneumonia :wnsense "pneumococcal pneumonia1n" ; :wordnet "pneumococcal pneumonia" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pneumococcal pneumonia' in WordNet: 1. pneumococcal pneumonia - (pneumonia caused by bacteria of the genus pneumococcus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialPneumonia, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pneumococcus ; owl:onProperty :isCausedByPathogen ] . :Pneumococcus :wnsense "Diplococcus pneumoniae1n", "pneumococcus1n" ; :wordnet "Diplococcus pneumoniae", "pneumococcus" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pneumococcus' in WordNet: 1. pneumococcus, Diplococcus pneumoniae - (bacterium causing pneumonia in mice and humans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diplococcus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PneumococcalPneumonia ; owl:onProperty :causesInfectiousDisease ] . :Pneumoconiosis :guid "71e4aa01-9202-11d7-842c-000347a4228d" ; :wnsense "pneumoconiosis1n", "pneumonoconiosis1n" ; :wordnet "pneumoconiosis", "pneumonoconiosis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$LungDisease. Pneumoconiosis is the disease condition caused by the inhalation of dust particles, such as the dust of coal, silica and asbestos. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pneumoconiosis' in WordNet: 1. pneumoconiosis, pneumonoconiosis - (chronic respiratory disease caused by inhaling metallic or mineral particles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChronicCondition, :RespiratoryAilment . :Pneumonia :wnsense "pneumonia1n" ; :wordnet "pneumonia" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pneumonia' in WordNet: 1. (1) pneumonia - (respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disease, :RespiratoryAilment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflammation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lung ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :PoRiver :guid "bd58d786-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """one of the principal rivers of the world. In Italy. """ . :Poacher :guid "bd669c70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "poacher1n" ; :wordnet "poacher" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A dastardly fellow committed to the illegal capture and murder of helpless wild animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poacher' in WordNet: 1. poacher - (someone who hunts or fishes illegally on the property of another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, :Hunter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poaching ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Poaching :eng "poaching" ; :guid "bd63d98d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "poach1v" ; :wordnet "poach" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Action in which someone traps or kills a #$NonPersonAnimal without the right permits. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'poach' in WordNet: 1. (1) poach - (hunt illegally; 'people are poaching elephants for their ivory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crime, :Hunting . :PocketKnife :guid "be5a1546-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pocket knife1n", "pocketknife1n" ; :wordnet "pocket knife", "pocketknife" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of pocket knives. A pocket knife is a folding knife in which the blade is safely sheathed inside a casing while the knife is being carried around. Many pocket knives contain a number of tools in addition to the main blade. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pocketknife' in Wordnet: 1. pocketknife, pocket knife - (a knife with a blade that folds into the handle; suitable for carrying in the pocket) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoldableObject, :Knife, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sword ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ] . :PocketOfGarment :guid "bd590a99-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pocket" ; :wnsense "pocket1n" ; :wordnet "pocket" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of garment pockets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pocket' in WordNet: 1. (21) pocket - (a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :SomethingToWearPart . :PocketSized :wnsense "pocket-size2adj", "pocket-sized2adj", "pocketable1adj" ; :wordnet "pocket-size", "pocket-sized", "pocketable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'pocket-sized' in Wordnet: 2. pocket-size, pocket-sized, pocketable - (small enough to be carried in a garment pocket; 'pocket-size paperbacks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Small . :Podiatrist :guid "bd588a5e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chiropodist1n", "foot doctor1n", "podiatrist1n" ; :wordnet "chiropodist", "foot doctor", "podiatrist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of health professionals concerned with the care and treatment of the human foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'podiatrist' in WordNet: 1. chiropodist, foot doctor, podiatrist - (a specialist in care for the feet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Podiatry ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Podiatry :wnsense "chiropody1n", "podiatry1n" ; :wordnet "chiropody", "podiatry" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'podiatry' in WordNet: 1. podiatry, chiropody - (the branch of medicine concerned with the feet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Podiatrist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Poem :guid "bef9bd38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "poem" ; :wnsense "poem1n", "verse2n" ; :wordnet "poem", "verse" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The abstract propositional work that is created as a poem. This is a single poem. For a collection of poems, use 'Poetry'. A Poem does not have to rhyme. Cyc: A collection of #$PoeticWorks. Each instance of #$Poem-CW is a poetic literary work that is complete in itself - unlike a #$Lyric-WordsToSong it need not be an integral part of a piece of music, and unlike a #$PlayScript it is not associated with sets and #$Costumes and does not contain stage directions. #$Poem-CWs are sometimes recited publicly and in modern times are distributed in text form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poem' in WordNet: 1. (14) poem, verse form - (a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoeticWork . :Poet :guid "bdfb6a95-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "poet" ; :wnsense "poet1n" ; :wordnet "poet" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who has authored at least one Poem. This is broader than the usual sense of someone who writes good poems often; it can be used to identify the 'Poet' who wrote any Poem. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poet' in WordNet: 1. (14) poet - (a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist, :Author, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAuthorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Poem ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poetry ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Poetic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Poem, :PoeticWork, :Poetry ; :wnsense "poetic1adj", "poetical1adj" ; :wordnet "poetic", "poetical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'poetic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) poetic, poetical - (of or relating to poetry; 'poetic works'; 'a poetic romance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PoeticRhythm :wnsense "poetic rhythm1n", "prosody2n", "rhythmic pattern1n" ; :wordnet "poetic rhythm", "prosody", "rhythmic pattern" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoeticRhythm'' is a type of ''Versification'' specifiying the pattern of syllables and accents on the syllables. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poetic rhythm' in WordNet: 1. poetic rhythm, rhythmic pattern, prosody - ((prosody) a system of versification) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Versification . :PoeticWork :en "poetic work" ; :enn "poetic work" ; :guid "c000c02b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of intangible artifacts (cf. #$Artifact-Intangible). Each instance of #$PoeticWork consists of words carefully chosen and arranged both for the meaning and images they express and for the sounds that are produced when they are spoken. The subject of a #$PoeticWork is often, but need not be, timeless and abstract. NOTE that a PoeticWork (such as a song) may have components other than a single Poem. For single complete Poem, use 'Poem'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiteraryWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poem ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :Poetics :wnsense "poetics1n" ; :wordnet "poetics" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poetics' in WordNet: 1. poetics - (study of poetic works) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiteraryStudy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poetry ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Poetry :ldoce "poetry" ; :wnsense "poetry1n", "verse1n" ; :wordnet "poetry", "verse" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of Poems, considered as a unit. One such group is all the poems every created, the most general 'poetry'. NOTE: there is a more abstract notion of 'poetry' analogous to a substance, such that one can say that a work consist of poetry. That notion is not represented in COSMO, and does not appear in WordNet. Likewise, poetry as a field or discipline is not represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poetry' in WordNet: 1. (11) poetry, poesy, verse - (literature in metrical form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PoeticWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Poem ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Pogo :hasMassInGrams "1000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaFiction ; a :Opossum . :Poignant :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :EmotionalState ; :wnsense "affecting1adj", "poignant1adj", "touching1adj" ; :wordnet "affecting", "poignant", "touching" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: 'poignant grief' may be a different sense 2 of 'poignant'. 2. (2) poignant - (keenly distressing to the mind or feelings; 'poignant anxiety') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'poignant' in Wordnet: 1. (3) affecting, poignant, touching - (arousing affect; 'the homecoming of the released hostages was an affecting scene'; 'poignant grief cannot endure forever'; 'his gratitude was simple and touching') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :Poikilotherm :guid "be6278a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "poikilotherm1n" ; :wordnet "poikilotherm" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Animal and an instance of #$OrganismClassificationType. Each instance of #$Poikilotherm is a cold-blooded animal. That is, each instance is an animal whose body temperature is determined mainly by its surrounding environmental temperature. Cf. #$Homeotherm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poikilotherm' in WordNet: 1. poikilotherm, ectotherm - (an animal whose body temperature varies with the temperature of its surroundings; any animal except birds and mammals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal ; owl:disjointWith :Homeotherm . :Poinsettia :wnsense "Christmas flower1n", "Christmas star1n", "Euphorbia pulcherrima1n", "Mexican flameleaf1n", "lobster plant1n", "painted leaf2n", "poinsettia1n" ; :wordnet "Christmas flower", "Christmas star", "Euphorbia pulcherrima", "Mexican flameleaf", "lobster plant", "painted leaf", "poinsettia" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poinsettia' in WordNet: 1. poinsettia, Christmas star, Christmas flower, lobster plant, Mexican flameleaf, painted leaf, Euphorbia pulcherrima - (tropical American plant having poisonous milk and showy tapering usually scarlet petallike leaves surrounding small yellow flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spurge . :PointLike :en "pointlike" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PointLike' is the property of an object that is similar to a 'GeometricalPoint', having little or no extension in any direction - close to zero-dimensional. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :PointOfView :en "point of view" ; :wnsense "light3n", "point of view1n", "stand7n", "standpoint1n", "viewpoint1n" ; :wordnet "light", "point of view", "stand", "standpoint", "viewpoint" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''PointOfView'' is a way of 'viewing' or 'considering' or 'looking at' or 'interpreting' situations. This is not necessarily a 'bias', but can be,for example, a tendency to look at situations or problems from a practical or scentific or analytical point of view. A 'Perspective' can be influenced by a person's background or present situation, or view of the world or religious or ideological commitment. A ''PointOfView'' is closely related to a ''Stance'' in that a ''PointOfView'' is a ''Feeling'' that predisposes a Person to adopt a particular 'position' on an issue, and if that Person then reasons so as to create a rationalization of that position, that position becomes a ''Stance''. (.e. a Person must be able to articulate line of reasoning that was performed *before* s/he is asked about the position, not create one **ad hoc**. Closely related to ''Stance'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'point of view' and sense 1 of 'perspective' in WordNet: 1. (13) point of view, viewpoint, stand, standpoint - (a mental position from which things are viewed; 'we should consider this problem from the viewpoint of the Russians'; 'teaching history gave him a special point of view toward current events') WN noun 'light': 3. (15) light - (a particular perspective or aspect of a situation; 'although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attitude, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stance ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Pointer :en "pointer", "tip" ; :enn "pointer", "tip" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pointer'' is a ''Suggestion'' that is a piece of ''InformationAboutaTopic'' in any of various forms that provides either (1) some information about how to do something; or (2) some reference to where to find specific information. No WN sense seems to cover this. In RHW there are two senses: 6. a piece of advice, esp. on how to succeed in a specific area: The food expert gave some good pointers on making better salads. 7. Computers. an identifier giving the location in storage of something of interest, as a data item, table, or subroutine. Also in RHW sense 3 of noun entry 3 of 'tip' has a similar meaning: 3. a useful hint or idea; a basic, practical fact: tips on painting. This sense will include both RHW senses. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suggestion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationAboutaTopic ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :PointingToSomething :en "point out", "point to" ; :env "point out" ; :ldoce "point" ; :wnsense "indicate2v", "point1v", "show7v" ; :wordnet "indicate", "point", "show" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PointingToSomething' is an Action in which some Animal (usually a Person, but it could be an animal, like a 'pointer' dog) performs some act that is intended to be seen by other agents and draw their attention to some visible thing. This includes pointing to an action as well as showing objects. This sense corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'point' and sense 2 of'indicate' in WordNet: 1. (25) indicate, point, show - (indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively; 'I showed the customer the glove section'; 'He pointed to the empty parking space'; 'he indicated his opponents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, :ShowingSomething . :Pointless :isTheOppositeOf :Worthwhile ; :wnsense "otiose1adj", "pointless2adj", "superfluous1adj", "wasted1adj" ; :wordnet "otiose", "pointless", "superfluous", "wasted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pointless'' is an attribute of an Action for which the expenditure of time and effort produced or is likely to produce no result that was sufficiently beneficial to justify the effort. e.g. arguing with someone who it is known with certainty will not change his/her decision. WN adj 'pointless': 2. otiose, pointless, superfluous, wasted - (serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being; 'otiose lines in a play'; 'advice is wasted words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventAttributeValue . :PointyEnd :ldoce "point" ; :wnsense "point15n" ; :wordnet "point" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PointyEnd' is the sharp pointed, sometimes conical end of an Object or part of an Object. PointyEndedObjects will always have a PointyEnd. Its shape will be very roughly conical. @ToDo - distinguish flat pointy ends (knife) from round pointy ends (pencul tips). Although this has the attribute 'Sharp' it is not classified as a 'SharpObject', which is best left to cutting devicess or things that have a 'PointyEnd' as a part. Corresponds to noun sense 15 of 'point' in WordNet: 15. (1) point - (sharp end; 'he stuck the point of the knife into a tree'; 'he broke the point of his pencil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sharp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PointyEnded :en "pointy" ; :enadj "pointy" ; :guid "0122c774-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "pointed" ; :wnsense "pointed1adj" ; :wordnet "pointed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes anything which tapers to a pointy or sharp end and is hard enough to pierce something - - pens, pencils, needles, pins, nails, and wood-screws, but not wires (no taper). Most knives would be included, but only because they have pointy ends. A knife with a rounded ended and a sharp blade would not be included. This is similar to adjective 'pointy' but there is no WN sense for that word. RHW adj 'pointy' is similar: having a comparatively sharp point: The elf had pointy little ears. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pointed' in WordNet: 1. (2) pointed - (having a point) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sharp, :Solid, :Tapered . :PointyEndedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc 'PointyEnded', a PhysicalObject. This can be of any size (needle, pen,church ''Steeple''); it only refers to the tapering end. An object that is pointy-ended.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PointyEnded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PointyEnd ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Poise :wnsense "aplomb1n", "assuredness1n", "cool2n", "poise3n", "sang-froid1n" ; :wordnet "aplomb", "assuredness", "cool", "poise", "sang-froid" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'poise' in WordNet: 3. aplomb, assuredness, cool, poise, sang-froid - (great coolness and composure under strain; 'keep your cool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Calmness-Feeling, :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poised ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Poised :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Poise ; :wnsense "collected3adj", "equanimous1adj", "poised2adj", "self-collected1adj", "self-contained2adj", "self-possessed1adj" ; :wordnet "collected", "equanimous", "poised", "self-collected", "self-contained", "self-possessed" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'poised' in Wordnet: 2. collected, equanimous, poised, self-collected, self-contained, self-possessed - (in full control of your faculties; 'the witness remained collected throughout the cross-examination'; 'perfectly poised and sure of himself'; 'more self-contained and more dependable than many of the early frontiersmen'; 'strong and self-possessed in the face of trouble') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Calm, :SelfConfident . :PoisingInFlight :wnsense "poise1v" ; :wordnet "poise" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PoisingInFlight'' specifically refers to a oause in forward motion when in flight. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poise' in WordNet: 1. (3) poise - (be motionless, in suspension; 'The bird poised for a few moments before it attacked') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hovering . :PoisingSomething :wnsense "poise3v" ; :wordnet "poise" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an Action that causes some SolidObject to be ''PhysicallyBalanced''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'poise' in WordNet: 3. (1) poise - (cause to be balanced or suspended) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocatingInIntendedPosition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingBalanced ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Poison :causesAilment :PoisoningCondition ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Poisonous ; :ldoce "poison" ; :wnsense "poison1n" ; :wordnet "poison" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance that causes biochemical damage to an organism. Not all organisms need be sensitive to all Poisons, a Poison only has to be harmful to some large class of organisms including at least most members of some species. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poison' in WordNet: 1. (4) poison, toxicant, poisonous substance - (any substance that causes injury or illness or death of a living organism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToxicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poisonous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PoisonIvy :wnsense "Rhus radicans1n", "Toxicodendron radicans1n", "markweed1n", "poison ivy2n", "poison mercury1n" ; :wordnet "Rhus radicans", "Toxicodendron radicans", "markweed", "poison ivy", "poison mercury" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PoisonIvy'' is a low-growing plant common in the Easter USA that can cause a rash with very itchy blisters on the skin when touched, due to an oil the plant exudes. 'leaves of three, let them be' Some lyrics from the song 'Poison Ivy' by 'The Coasters': You're gonna need an ocean, Of calamine lotion. You'll be scratchin' like a hound, The minute you start to mess around! Poison Ivy, Poison Ivy, Late at night while your sleepin', Poison Ivy comes creepin' around. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'poison ivy' ('poison oak' is one of the WN synonyms,but that is a different plant - may be confused, but is not an appropriate synonym) in WordNet: 2. poison ivy, markweed, poison mercury, poison oak, Toxicodendron radicans, Rhus radicans - (climbing plant common in eastern and central United States with ternate leaves and greenish flowers followed by white berries; yields an irritating oil that causes a rash on contact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poisonous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :GardenPlant, :Species . :PoisoningAnOrganism :ldoce "poison" ; :wnsense "poison5v", "poisoning2n" ; :wordnet "poison", "poisoning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PoisoningAnOrganism' is the intentional delivery of a Poison to some organism, animal or plant, with the intention to kill or harm it. A successful killing with poison is represented by ''PoisoningToDeath''. Includes verb sense 1 of 'poison' and noun sense 2 of 'poisoning' in WordNet, but includes attempts at poisoning that do not result in death: in WordNet: 5. poison - (administer poison to; 'She poisoned her husband but he did not die') WN noun 'poisoning': 2. poisoning - (the act of giving poison to a person or animal with the intent to kill) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugTherapy, :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoisoningToDeath ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poison ; owl:onProperty :consumesSubstance ] . :PoisoningCondition :guid "c0fd5ed4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "intoxication1n", "poisoning1n" ; :wordnet "intoxication", "poisoning" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AilmentCondition (q.v.). This is the collection of _conditions_ resulting from the intake of a substance by an organism (where the kind and quantity of the substance is toxic to the organism in question). Note that none of the instances of this collection include the actual intake of the substance. For a collection with instances that do include these, see #$Poisoning-Script. NOTE that this is not the action of one person poisoning another, it is the condition of being poisoned (not necessarily intentionally). SUMO: A Poisoning is caused by an external substance. Since Poisoning is not possible without some biologic function which affects the Organism being injured, it is a subclass of BiologicalProcess. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poisoning' in WordNet: 1. poisoning, toxic condition, intoxication - (the physiological state produced by a poison or other toxic substance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :LifeThreateningCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poison ; owl:onProperty :isCausedByExposureTo ] . :PoisoningToDeath :wnsense "poison3v" ; :wordnet "poison" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PoisoningToDeath'' is ''Killing'' a living thing by intentionally administering some ''Poison'' in some form. This can be done by poisoning food or applying poison gas (as in chemical warfare or a gas chamber) , or (for plants) by spraying with a herbicide, or euthanasia using poison in some manner.. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'poison' in WordNet: 3. (1) poison - (kill with poison; 'She poisoned her husband') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeathByKilling, :Killing, :PoisoningAnOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoisoningAnOrganism ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Poisonous :ldoce "poisonous" ; :wnsense "noxious1adj", "poisonous1adj", "poisonous2adj", "toxic1adj" ; :wordnet "noxious", "poisonous", "toxic" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of substances that are Poisons. Includes RHW 'toxic: 1. of, pertaining to, affected with, or caused by a toxin or poison: a toxic condition. 2. acting as or having the effect of a poison; poisonous: a toxic drug. RHW 'noxious': 1. harmful or injurious to health or physical well-being: noxious fumes. NOTE: 'noxious' is often used for fumes as a synonym or 'toxic' but less often for liquid or solid materials. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'poisonous' and sense 1 of 'toxic' and part of sense 1 of 'noxious' in WordNet (it is unclear whether something can be 'unsafe to eat' and not be poisonous): in WordNet: 1. (2) poisonous, toxicant - (having the qualities or effects of a poison) 2. poisonous - (not safe to eat) WN adj 'toxic': 1. (3) toxic - (of or relating to or caused by a toxin or poison; 'suffering from exposure to toxic substances') WN adj 'noxious': 1. noxious, harmful - (injurious to physical or mental health; 'noxious chemical wastes'; 'noxious ideas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmful . :PoisonousPlant :wnsense "poisonous plant1n" ; :wordnet "poisonous plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoisonousPlant'' is any plant that can cause an ''AilmentCondition'' by being touched or ingested, or as in the case of PoisonIvy, by inhaling fumes from the plant, as when it is burned. Common examples in the eastern USA are ''PoisonIvy'', poison oak, and poison sumac. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poisonous plant' in WordNet: 1. poisonous plant - (a plant that when touched or ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or fatal to an organism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poisonous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :GardenPlant . :PokerDeck a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PokerDeck' is a ''DeckOfCards'' that is the traditional poker set of 52 cards, 12 each of ''Diamond-TheCard''s,''Heart-TheCard''s, ''Club-TheCard''s, and ''Spade-TheCard''s. A ''PackOfThings'' for which each Object is a playing card. A tarot deck is not included. The individual cards can be specified when necessary. NOTE: this does nothave to be a 52-card deck, as some decks ('Casino') have different numbers of cards. See ''PokerDeck'' for the 52-card set. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deck of cards' in WordNet: 1. (1) pack of cards, deck of cards, deck - (a pack of 52 playing cards) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeckOfCards, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlayingCard ; owl:cardinality "52" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PokerGame :wnsense "poker game1n", "poker2n" ; :wordnet "poker", "poker game" ; a :GameType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poker game' in WordNet: 1. poker, poker game - (any of various card games in which players bet that they hold the highest-ranking hand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingAPokerGame ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Poking :wnsense "dig5v", "jab1n", "jab1v", "jabbing1n", "poke1v", "prod3v", "stab3v" ; :wordnet "dig", "jab", "jabbing", "poke", "prod", "stab" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TouchingState in which a Person intentionally and somewhat forcefully touches an Object (usually a Person or an animal) with some part of the arm, such as the hand,or a finger, or the elbow. This is a subtype of ''ApplingForce'' through ''HittingAnObject''. NOTE that this is both a ''HittingAnObject''and a ''TouchingState''inddicating that this can be either abrupt or somewhat prolonged. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'poke' and non sense1 of 'jab' in WordNet: 1. (7) jab, prod, stab, poke, dig - (poke or thrust abruptly; 'he jabbed his finger into her ribs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject, :TouchingDeliberately, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Hand :Finger :Elbow ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TouchingState ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Poland :wnsense "Poland1n" ; :wordnet "Poland" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Poland' in WordNet: 1. (9) Poland, Republic of Poland, Polska - (a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II) """ . :Polar :pertainsTo :TheNorthPole, :TheSouthPole ; :wnsense "polar3adj", "polar4adj" ; :wordnet "polar" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 3 and 4 of 'polar' in Wordnet: 3. polar - (located at or near or coming from the earth's poles; 'polar diameter'; 'polar zone'; 'a polar air mass'; 'Antarctica is the only polar continent') 4. polar - (of or existing at or near a geographical pole or within the Arctic or Antarctic Circles; 'polar regions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PolarBear :wnsense "Thalarctos maritimus1n", "Ursus Maritimus1n", "ice bear1n", "polar bear1n" ; :wordnet "Thalarctos maritimus", "Ursus Maritimus", "ice bear", "polar bear" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polar bear' in WordNet: 1. ice bear, polar bear, Ursus Maritimus, Thalarctos maritimus - (white bear of arctic regions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore, :DangerousAnimal, :Omnivore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NorthPolarRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :White ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Pole :ldoce "pole" ; :wnsense "pole1n" ; :wordnet "pole" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Rod that is used to support things, whether aligned vertically or horizontally in the gravitational field; usually a Pole is longer than five feet, and made of wood, metal, or plastic; but some Poles, such as a Pole used as frame for a Tent, may beless than five feet long.. This will include some objects not normally called a 'rod' or 'pole'. Concrete or stone columns are not 'poles' (too thick, and neither stone nor concrete can be used to create a Pole).but flagpoles are, and the thick supporting pole of a large tent also is; the poles used in a pole vault are instances. The mast of a sailing ship is usually also a Pole. A 'Pole' differs from the more generic 'Rod' primarily in its mode of usage; a rod may be used for any purpose in any orientation, and in mobile situations, such as a pointing rod manipulated in the hand, or a divining Rod, or a glass Rod for stirring liquids, or a magic wand (also a Rod). A Pole is used to support things, and is usually stationary (relative to its support) when being used; however, a Pole used in a Pole vault is a Pole, even though it is not quite stationary when it is being used, it still supports the person doing the vaulting.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pole' in WordNet: 1. (6) pole - (a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shaft . :PoliceBlotter :wnsense "blotter2n", "charge sheet1n", "day book1n", "police blotter1n", "rap sheet1n" ; :wordnet "blotter", "charge sheet", "day book", "police blotter", "rap sheet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliceBlotter'' is a ''WrittenRecord''' that contains the list of charges against ''Suspect''s recorded in one or more ''BookingaPerp'' Actions at a particular police station. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police blotter' in WordNet: 1. blotter, day book, police blotter, rap sheet, charge sheet - (the daily written record of events (as arrests) in a police station) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BookingaPerp ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :PoliceChief :wnsense "captain3n", "police captain1n", "police chief1n" ; :wordnet "captain", "police captain", "police chief" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police chief' in WordNet: 1. (4) captain, police captain, police chief - (a policeman in charge of a precinct) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliceOfficer-Municipal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :City ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PolicePrecinct ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :PoliceDepartment :wnsense "police department1n" ; :wordnet "police department" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''PoliceDepartment'' includes state, county, and city departments, whatever they are called locally. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police department' in WordNet: 1. (3) police department - (the department of local government concerned with enforcing the law and preventing crime) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliceOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganizationMember ; owl:someValuesFrom :LocalLawEnforcementOfficer ] . :PoliceForce :wnsense "constabulary1n", "fuzz2n", "law6n", "police force1n", "police1n" ; :wordnet "constabulary", "fuzz", "law", "police", "police force" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PoliceForce'' is a GroupOfPeople each of whom is a ''LocalLawEnforcementOfficer'' (usually a ''PoliceOfficer-Municipal''), and who is a member of some ''PoliceDepartment''. NOTE that this is not an Organization (see ''PoliceOrganization''). This is a Group of police officers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police force' in WordNet: 1. (1) police, police force, constabulary, law - (the force of policemen and officers; 'the law came looking for him') WN The term 'fuzz' is usually used to refer to police collectively rather than WN an individual police officer so it is a label here. WN noun 'fuzz': 2. bull, cop, copper, fuzz, pig -- (uncomplimentary terms for a policeman), pig - (uncomplimentary terms for a policeman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Personnel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Policing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :PoliceOrganization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :LocalLawEnforcementOfficer ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isManagedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PoliceOrganization ] . :PoliceInvestigator :wnsense "detective1n", "inspector1n", "investigator3n", "police detective1n" ; :wordnet "detective", "inspector", "investigator", "police detective" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliceInvestigator'' is a trained ''Inspector'' working with a Police department to solve crimes; an ''Investigator'' who investigates criminal actions as part of a police force. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'detective' in WordNet: 1. (27) detective, investigator, tec, police detective - (a police officer who investigates crimes) WN noun 'inspector': 1. (4) inspector - (a high ranking police officer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Inspector, :Investigator, :PoliceOfficer-Municipal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inspection ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CriminalInvestigationEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PoliceLieutenant :wnsense "lieutenant2n", "police lieutenant1n" ; :wordnet "lieutenant", "police lieutenant" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliceInvestigator'' is a ''PoliceOfficer-Municipal'' with a rank of 'lietentant', higher than a 'Patrolman' Q: what distinguishes a 'lietenant' from other police officers?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police lieutenant' in WordNet: 1. lieutenant, police lieutenant - (an officer in a police force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :PoliceOfficer-Municipal . :PoliceLineup :en "line-up" ; :enn "line-up" ; :wnsense "lineup2n" ; :wordnet "lineup" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliceLineup'' is a ''RowOfPeople'', in which (usually) at least one is a 'suspect' in a Criminal investigation. This is only the RowOfPeople; the action of conducting a 'lineup' to create a ''PoliceLineup'' is not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lineup' in WordNet: 2. lineup - (a line of persons arranged by police for inspection or identification) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RowOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suspect ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CriminalInvestigationEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :PoliceOfficer-Municipal :guid "8197109a-bacc-11d6-8000-0002b3a330dc" ; :ldoce "officer", "police" ; :wnsense "bull5n", "cop1n", "copper3n", "fuzz2n", "officer3n", "police officer1n", "policeman1n" ; :wordnet "bull", "cop", "copper", "fuzz", "officer", "police officer", "policeman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all police officers in the sense of #$LawEnforcementOfficers who serve municipalities: cities, towns, villages, and the like. This collection is probably what the average person thinks of first on hearing the word 'police': however, users should bear in mind that the term 'police' or 'policeman' has a broader scope than just #$PoliceOfficer-Municipal. The determining feature of this collection is the jurisdiction within which authority is exercised: if it is at the municipal level, then the individual is a #$PoliceOfficer-Municipal, otherwise, not. Examples would include an English 'bobby', a highway patrolman who is a member of the police department of a modern American city, and the town constable in a turn-of-the-century American town. Negative examples would include a military policeman, a member of the state highway patrol, or an agent of the FBI. COSMO note: this includes the plural meaning of 'police', not yet represented in COSMO. @ToDo. The type ''PoliceForce'' partly serves that purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'officer' and sense 1 of 'policeman' (including women) in WordNet: 3. (107) policeman, police officer, officer - (a member of a police force; 'it was an accident, officer') WN noun 'cop': 1. (20) bull, cop, copper, fuzz, pig - (uncomplimentary terms for a policeman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FirstResponder, :LocalLawEnforcementOfficer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :City ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Policing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceForce ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isamemberOfOrganization ] . :PoliceOrganization :guid "bf35ce49-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "constabulary1n", "law6n", "police force1n", "police1n" ; :wordnet "constabulary", "law", "police", "police force" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of law enforcement agencies that are legally empowered to enforce laws. This collection includes police forces, national bureaux of investigation, some forest services, park police, hunting and game commission officers, border police, governmental executive protection services, military police, etc. It does NOT include those instances of #$LawEnforcementOrganization that only track and disseminate information about criminal activity, but do not directly enforce laws (e.g., #$INTERPOL). NOTE that this is the ''Organization'' that controls the actions of the ''PoliceForce''. SUMO: Any GovernmentOrganization that is charged with domestic enforcement of the laws of the Government. WN 'police' does not distingush betweenthe organization and the Group' of people who work there. thus this synset is duplicted at ''PoliceForce'' in WordNet: 1. (34) police, police force, constabulary, law - (the force of policemen and officers; 'the law came looking for him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LawEnforcementOrganization, :LegalGovernmentOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :manages ; owl:someValuesFrom :PoliceForce ] . :PolicePrecinct :wnsense "police precinct1n" ; :wordnet "police precinct" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PolicePrecinct'' is a ''Precinct'' (a ''CityArea'') with borders defined to delineate the area patrolled by Police in one Group that is a subdivision of a city's ''PoliceForce'', usually operating out of one precinct station. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'police precinct' in WordNet: 1. police precinct - (a precinct in which law enforcement is the responsibility of particular police force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Precinct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Policing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Policing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceChief ; owl:onProperty :hasLeader ] . :PoliceRoadblock :wnsense "barricade1n", "roadblock2n" ; :wordnet "barricade", "roadblock" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliceRoadblock'' is usually but not necessaarily set up and managed by a Police force. Coresponds to noun sense 1 of 'barricade' in WordNet: 1. (2) roadblock, barricade - (a barrier set up by police to stop traffic on a street or road in order to catch a fugitive or inspect traffic etc.) the advance of an enemy); 'they stormed the barricade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarrierObject, :Device, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impassable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassingThroughOrBySomething ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlockingTraffic ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Traffic ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyManagedBy ] . :Policing :en "patrolling", "policing" ; :wnsense "patrol1v", "police1v" ; :wordnet "patrol", "police" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Policing'' is the type of ''GuardingSomething'' done by a ''PoliceOrganization'' or its associated ''PoliceForce''. Corresponds most closely to verb sense 1 of 'police' in WordNet: 1. (4) patrol, police - (maintain the security of by carrying out a patrol) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministeringaCity, :GuardingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceForce ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliceOfficer-Municipal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Policy :wnsense "policy2n" ; :wordnet "policy" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Policy'' is ''Plan'' (a ''Procedure'') whose execution is contingent on existence of some ''PlanContext''. This differs from a simple ''Plan (plan of action) in including multiple ''Plan''s each dependent for execution on some ''PlanContext'' - there are different 'Plans''s for different ''PlanContext''s (contingencies). A ''Policy'' may be created for a very small group, such as a family, or for the entire world,as through the United Nations. One policy might be, for example, not to pay ransom to kidnappers: this implies that not paying ransom anticipates alternative consequences and requires alternative actions. NOTE: in WN a 'policy' may be a 'rationalization' or a 'plan of action'. In COSMO it is a Plan that is contingent on circumstances, and the circumstances appear to be the 'rationalization' that is referred to in WN sense 1. NOTE: the speicifally governmental ''Policy''s propounded by politicians or adopted by governments are representd in the subtype ''PoliticalPolicy''. Includes elements of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'policy' (governmental and non-governmental are somewhat mixed in these WN synsets), but this more general type is identified with WN sense 2. Sense 1 is in ''PoliticalPolicy''. in WordNet: 1. (265) policy - (a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government; 'they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation') 2. (126) policy - (a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group; 'it was a policy of retribution'; 'a politician keeps changing his policies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlannedAction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlanContext ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ] . :Policy-Making :pertainsTo :MakingPolicy ; :wnsense "policy-making1adj" ; :wordnet "policy-making" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Policy-Making'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the act of 'MakingPolicy''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'policy-making' in Wordnet: 1. policy-making - (concerned with policy, not administration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PolicyMaker :en "policymaker" ; :enn "policymaker" ; :wnsense "policy maker1n" ; :wordnet "policy maker" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'policy maker' in WordNet: 1. (1) policy maker - (someone who sets the plan pursued by a government or business etc.; 'policy makers often make the right decision for the wrong reason') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfluentialPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Policy ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :PolicyProposal :en "policy proposal" ; :enn "policy proposal" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PolicyProposal is a ''Proposal' (a LinguisticAssertion) to adopt a ''Policy'', among some reasonably stable group of agents that have some more or less formal codification of their policies. This is not only for governments and organizations, though it is likely to be used most commonly by them. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proposal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Policy ] . :Polish :isAnAttributeValueOf :Poland ; :pertainsTo :Poland, :PolishPerson ; :wnsense "Polish1adj" ; :wordnet "Polish" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Polish' in Wordnet: 1. (3) Polish - (of or relating to Poland or its people or culture; 'Polish sausage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PolishLanguage :wasCreatedBy :PolishSpeakers ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ THe term ''Polish'' is used for the substance. """ . :PolishPerson :wnsense "Pole2n" ; :wordnet "Pole" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Pole' in WordNet: 2. (4) Pole - (a native or inhabitant of Poland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poland ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :PolishSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :PolishStuff :wnsense "polish3n" ; :wordnet "polish" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance that is semiliquid or powdery, used to make the surface on some solid object smoooth and/or shiny. The ''Polish'' may be an abrasive that removes material from the surface to smooth the object, or, as with shoe polich, may be a semisolid material that adheres to the surface so that the polish itself provides the smooth appearance. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'polish' in Wordnet: 3. polish - (a preparation used in polishing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PolishingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Polished :isAnAttributeValueOf :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PolishingSomething ; :wnsense "polished2adj" ; :wordnet "polished" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Polished'' is an AttributeValue of the surface of an ArtifactObject that experienced a ''PolishingSomething''. This attribute ay improve the appearance of an Object, but for Artifacts used for reflection, it improves the functional efficacy. NOTE: this is only for surfaces, not for (as in WN gloss) 'prose'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'polished' in Wordnet: 1. (2) polished - (perfected or made shiny and smooth; 'his polished prose'; 'in a freshly ironed dress and polished shoes'; 'freshly polished silver') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Improved, :Smooth . :PolishingShoes :guid "bd58f8af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Making the uppers of shoes shiny by rubbing them with polish and a shoe brush. The restriction requires that the Shoe(s) polished be explicitly referenced. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :HandlingAnObject, :PolishingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shoe ] . :PolishingSomething :guid "bd58ead9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "polish", "shine" ; :wnsense "polish1v", "shine10v", "smooth2v", "smoothen2v" ; :wordnet "polish", "shine", "smooth", "smoothen" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Rubbing. In each instance of #$PolishingSomething, a surface of an object is made smooth and glossy by rubbing that surface. COSMO note: in Cyc, polishing is not a subtype of AbradingSomething, but in COSMO it is. To 'polish' something merely by removing surface dirt is a 'CleaningEvent'; normal acts of 'polishing' typically remove some material from the surface of the thing polished. For this reason, silver plate evenetually wears off after numerous polishing events. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'polish' and sense 10 of 'shine' in WordNet: 1. (7) polish, smooth, smoothen, shine - - (make (a surface) shine; 'shine the silver, please'; 'polish my shoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, :AbradingaSurface, :CleaningEvent, :PhysicalTransformationEvent, :Rubbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmoothObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PolishStuff ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :Polite :isTheOppositeOf :Rude ; :ldoce "courteous", "polite" ; :wnsense "civil2adj", "courteous1adj", "polite1adj" ; :wordnet "civil", "courteous", "polite" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Polite' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who is considerate of others and tries to avoid doing things that offend people. AttributeValues that are listed under 'Polite' are applied to people, but only characterized behavior at a particular time, and do not imply anything about their habitual behavior or character. The distinction between being 'polite' at a particular time and generally polite is not used as of rev811. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'polite' and senses 1 and 2 of 'courteous' and sense 2 of 'civil' in WordNet: 1. (3) polite - (showing regard for others in manners, speech, behavior, etc.) WN 'courteous': 1. (1) courteous, gracious, nice - (exhibiting courtesy and politeness; 'a nice gesture') 2. courteous - (characterized by courtesy and gracious good manners; 'if a man be gracious and courteous to strangers it shows he is a citizen of the world'-Francis Bacon) WN adj 'civil': 2. (1) civil, polite - (not rude; marked by satisfactory (or especially minimal) adherence to social usages and sufficient but not noteworthy consideration for others; 'even if he didn't like them he should have been civil'- W.S. Maugham) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Considerate . :PoliteAction :wnsense "civility2n", "politeness2n" ; :wordnet "civility", "politeness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliteAction'' is any of a broad category of Actions that are motivated by and exhibit a consideration for the needs and feelings of other people, expressed in a way that 'conforms' to 'norms' of civilized behavior. This contrasts with rude or self-scentered or inconsiderate behavior. These are the kinds of actions that are expected in a 'polite society' or 'civil society' - they 'conform to' the norms of civilized behavior. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'politeness' in WordNet: 2. politeness, civility - (the act of showing regard for others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConformingAction, :CooperationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Polite ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Politely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Polite ; :wnsense "courteously1adv", "politely1adv" ; :wordnet "courteously", "politely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'politely' in Wordnet: 1. (4) politely, courteously - (in a polite manner; 'the policeman answered politely, 'Now look here, lady...'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Politeness :isTheOppositeOf :Rudeness ; :wnsense "civility2n", "niceness1n", "politeness1n", "politeness2n" ; :wordnet "civility", "niceness", "politeness" ; a :ActionType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Politeness'' is a quality of a Person having the AttributeValue ''Polite''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'politeness' in WordNet: 1. (3) politeness, niceness - (a courteous manner that respects accepted social usage) 2. politeness, civility - (the act of showing regard for others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Polite ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Political :ldoce "political" ; :pertainsTo :PoliticalEvent, :PoliticalParty, :Politics ; :wnsense "political1adj", "political2adj", "political3adj" ; :wordnet "political" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Political' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Politics and things related to Politics, such as 'PoliticalProcess', 'PoliticalAction', 'PoliticalParty', 'PoliticalGoal', 'PoliticalEvent', and partisan elections, among other things. This is a broad type, including many things related to politics. It may be useful to distinguish pplitical actions from political opeinions (views, ideas, preferences) and political office, but those possible subtypes are not represented as of rev811. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'political' in WordNet: 1. (45) political - (involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians; 'calling a meeting is a political act in itself'- Daniel Goleman; 'political pressure'; 'a political machine'; 'political office'; 'political policy') 2. (11) political - (of or relating to your views about social relationships involving authority or power; 'political opinions') 3. (6) political - (of or relating to the profession of governing; 'political career') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PoliticalCadre :wnsense "cadre1n", "cell4n" ; :wordnet "cadre", "cell" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliticalCadre'' is a ''Cadre'' of people within some PoliticalUnit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cadre' in WordNet: 1. (1) cell, cadre - (a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cadre, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PoliticalUnit ] . :PoliticalCampaign :wnsense "campaign1n", "political campaign1n" ; :wordnet "campaign", "political campaign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This differs from ''PoliticalElectionCampaign'' in that it is the full competition that includes the entire group of Events from the campaigning of different candidates to the actual voting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'political campaign' in WordNet: 1. (9) political campaign, campaign, run - (a race between candidates for elective office; 'I managed his campaign for governor'; 'he is raising money for a Senate run') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Campaign, :Competition, :Deciding-Collectively, :Event-Organized, :PoliticalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Voting ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :PoliticalElectionCampaign ] . :PoliticalCorrectness :wnsense "political correctitude1n", "political correctness1n" ; :wordnet "political correctitude", "political correctness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'political correctness' in WordNet: 1. political correctness, political correctitude - (avoidance of expressions or actions that can be perceived to exclude or marginalize or insult people who are socially disadvantaged or discriminated against) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliticallyCorrect ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :PoliticalElectionCampaign :eng "campaigning" ; :guid "c1007982-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "campaign1n" ; :wordnet "campaign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$PoliticalEvent and #$AdvertisingCampaign. Each instance of #$PoliticalElectionCampaign is an event in which a group tries to secure a particular elected office for the candidate of its choice. Note that while every #$PoliticalElectionCampaign is coterminal with some #$ElectionForOffice, #$PoliticalElectionCampaign is disjoint with #$Election. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'campaign' in Wordnet: 1. (9) political campaign, campaign, run - (a race between candidates for elective office; 'I managed his campaign for governor'; 'he is raising money for a Senate run') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdvertisingCampaign, :PoliticalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectoralCandidate ] . :PoliticalEvent :guid "c055ce4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$PoliticalEvent is an action that has an important political character. Many official acts by instances of #$RegionalGovernment are included in this collection -- e.g. passing legislation, instances of #$DeclaringWar -- as are actions which affect the structure or composition of govermental bodies (e.g. resigning from office). More broadly, many events which involve candidates for office, instances of #$PoliticalOrganization, or other actors with power to affect political institutions are included -- political fundraising events, letter-writing campaigns, and so on. Events which have only unintended political ramifications, such as a polluting event which prompts a movement for stricter environmental regulations, are not included in this collection. An individual voting (see the collection #$Voting) in an election for public office is an instance of #$PoliticalEvent, but in other cases, it seems necessary to have participants who individually or as a group have some level of political influence. So, most instances of #$PublicProtesting are instances of #$PoliticalEvent, but perhaps a single individual holding a placard is not. A well-known politician switching parties is a #$PoliticalEvent (even if she is in private life), but perhaps JohnDoe switching parties is not. Another borderline case: the influencing of a government official by a private lobbyist.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :Event-Organized, :Politics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Political ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PoliticalGoal :guid "bddf602c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute characterizes goals which are pursued, at least in part, in the political arena.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollectiveGoal . :PoliticalIdeologicalBelief :en "political ideology" ; :wnsense "ideology1n", "political orientation1n", "political theory1n", "politics4n" ; :wordnet "ideology", "political orientation", "political theory", "politics" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliticalIdeologicalBelief'' is an ''Ideology'' that focuses on beliefs about how a government should or should not act. NOTE that the Feelings motivating a ''PoliticalIdeologicalBelief'' are represented as ''PoliticalIdeology''. Approximately corresponds to sense 1 of 'ideology' in WordNet. the more general Ideology is the parent type.. in WordNet: 1. (4) political orientation, ideology, political theory - (an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation) WN noun 'politics': 4. (1) politics, political sympathies - (the opinion you hold with respect to political questions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ideology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliticalIdeology ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedInEvent ] . :PoliticalIdeology :wnsense "ideology1n", "political orientation1n" ; :wordnet "ideology", "political orientation" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliticalIdeology'' is a ''TasteInActions''(a ''Feeling'')that can affect a individual's or a community's ''Politics'', whether the Actions are taken by the one holding the ideology or taken by some office holder or candidate that the ideology holder supports. NOTe that this is the Feeling, not the abstract theory. This type and its consequent Belief ''PoliticalIdeologicalBelief'' illustrate the difference between a ''Feeling'' (a type of Event) and a ''Belief'' (a type of ''MentalObject'') the Belief is abstract the Feeling is an Event - mental processes occurring within the brain. NOTE that the ''PoliticalIdeology'' Feelings motivate a ''PoliticalIdeologicalBelief''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'political orientation' in WordNet: 1. political orientation, ideology, political theory - (an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteInActions, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoliticalIdeologicalBelief ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :PoliticalOrganization :en "political organization" ; :guid "bd588dcb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this includes lobbying organizations that advance some specific agenda (human rights, environment, women's rights etc.) or a branch of a larger organization that has political goals. It does not include lobbying firms that are paid to lobby to advance someone else's political goals. Cyc: A specialization of #$AdvocacyOrganization and #$IdeologicalOrganization. Each instance of #$PoliticalOrganization is an organization whose members share some common political, social, or economic values and goals, and whose main function is to achieve those goals by influencing governmental powers, or by helping persons who favor the views and interests of its members to win elections or otherwise obtain governmental power. The collection #$PoliticalOrganization includes instances of #$PoliticalParty and also instances of #$PoliticalInterestGroup. Note that governmental bodies (such as a #$CityCouncil) are not considered instances of #$PoliticalOrganization. Although such governmental bodies often act in political arenas, that is not their primary function. SUMO: An Organization that is attempting to bring about some sort of political change.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdvocacyOrganization . :PoliticalParty :guid "bd58fcda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "party" ; :wnsense "party1n" ; :wordnet "party" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PoliticalOrganization. Each instance of #$PoliticalParty is an organization that primarily seeks to elect candidates to public office or have members continue holding public office, and which is identified as a party affiliation by persons holding or seeking public office. Corresponds to moun sense 1 of 'party' in WordNet: 1. (396) party, political party - (an organization to gain political power; 'in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalOrganization . :PoliticalPartyMember a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliticalPartyMember'' is a ''Member'' of a PoliticalParty only in a broad sense - one can identify as a ''Democrat'' without actually voting in a primary election or being a formal member of an organiation affiliated with a political party - closer just to being a supporter or advocate.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Member, :PartyInRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PoliticalPartyType ] . :PoliticalPartyMembers :en "political party members" ; :enn "political party members" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PoliticalPartyMembers'' is the Group consisting of the ''PoliticalPartyMember''s of some PoliticalParty. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PoliticalPartyMember ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :PoliticalPartyType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PoliticalpartyType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''PoliticalParty'' as their argument. Each ''PoliticalParty'' is capable of acting as an agent, and this type is therefore a subtype of 'AgentType'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType, :IntelligentAgentType . :PoliticalPolicy :wnsense "policy1n" ; :wordnet "policy" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoliticalPolicy'' is a ''Policy'' adopted by a Government or proposed by a politician (or political commentator). Includes elements of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'policy' (distinction is unclear) in WordNet: 1. (265) policy - (a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government; 'they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Policy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Politician :GovernmentalOrganization :Commentator :OrganizationType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isInTheMindOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlanContext ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ] . :PoliticalUnit :wnsense "political entity1n", "political unit1n" ; :wordnet "political entity", "political unit" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PoliticalUnit'' is a 'Suborganization' of some ''PoliticalOrganization''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'political unit' in WordNet: 1. (1) political unit, political entity - (a unit with political responsibilities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suborganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PoliticalOrganization ] . :Politically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Political ; :wnsense "politically2adv" ; :wordnet "politically" ; a :Adverb, :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType ; rdfs:comment """''Politically'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create modifiers pertaining to ''Politics'. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'politically' in WordNet: 2. (1) politically - (with regard to government; 'politically organized units') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :PoliticallyConservative :isTheOppositeOf :PoliticallyLiberal ; :wnsense "conservative2adj" ; :wordnet "conservative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who generally opposes political polcies that add regulation to business or add spending to a government's budget. This varies a lot with people who call themselves 'conservative'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'conservative' in WordNet: 2. (1) conservative - (opposed to liberal reforms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cautious . :PoliticallyCorrect :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :PoliticalCorrectness ; :wnsense "politically correct1adj" ; :wordnet "politically correct" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'politically correct' in WordNet: 1. politically correct - (exhibiting political correctness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SociallyCorrect . :PoliticallyLiberal :isTheOppositeOf :PoliticallyConservative ; :wnsense "liberal2adj" ; :wordnet "liberal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who generally supports political policies that add regulation to preserve the environment and to add spending to reduce poverty and inequality, and prefer progressive taxation rates. This varies a lot with people who call themselves 'liberal'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'liberal' in WordNet: 2. (4) liberal - (having political or social views favoring reform and progress) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Progressive . :Politician :guid "bd58e7b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "politician" ; :wnsense "politician2n", "politician3n" ; :wordnet "politician" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this sense is for a person who is engaged directly in party politics trying to get elected (or being elected) or trying to get someone else elected to public office. Also, people appointed to elective office temporarily are instances of this type. Otherwise, *appointed* public office holders are instances of 'PublicOfficial'. Cyc: An instance of #$PersonTypeByActivity. Each instance of #$Politician is a person who is involved in politics. Specializations of #$Politician include #$HeadOfState, #$ElectoralCandidate, and #$HeadOfPoliticalParty. in WordNet: WN 'politician' 1. (9) politician - (a leader engaged in civil administration): WN and Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'politician' in WordNet WN (it is unclear what sense 1 means!) 2. (4) politician, politico, pol, political leader - (a person active in party politics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :HumanRole, :InfluentialPerson . :Politics :SUMO "PoliticalAction", "PoliticalProcess" ; :en "political action", "political process" ; :enn "political action", "political process" ; :guid "bf1dee70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "politics" ; :wnsense "government4n", "political science1n", "politics2n", "politics3n" ; :wordnet "government", "political science", "politics" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of activities, methods, and tactics in furtherance of affecting governmental policies (or sometimes activities of other large institutions). In SUMO called 'PoliticalProcess', but in COSMO not restricted to affecting governmental policy. SUMO: An OrganizationalProcess carried out by, for or against officially constituted governments. Some examples would be voting on proposed legislation, electing a government representative, or even overthrowing a government in a revolution. Includes noun sense 2 and 3 of 'politics' in WordNet: 2. (4) politics, political science, government - (the study of government of states and other political units) 3. (3) politics - (the profession devoted to governing and to political affairs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SociabilityBasedAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Political ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PollResult :wnsense "result3n" ; :wordnet "result" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PollResult is the information obtained as a result of conducting a poll, which is executing a 'PollingMethod'. The information is Linguistic, because an Answer is a subtype of Artifact-Generic. No WN sysnset seems to be specific for this concept. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'result' in WordNet: 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, :TestResult . :Pollen :consistsOfManyOf :PollenGrain ; :guid "bd58e120-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pollen1n" ; :wordnet "pollen" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pollen, considered as a Substance, the 'grains' being individual Pollen grains. This fits the descriptions of 'Pollen' in Cyc and SUMO,though in those ontologies the logical description fits the COSMO 'PollenGrain'. Pollen is significant in general language as a common cause of allergies. Cyc: A mass of pollen grains. SUMO: A powder produced by FloweringPlants that contains male gametes and is capable of fertilizing the seeds of FloweringPlants of the same species. From the WikiPedia description of 'pollen': Pollen itself is not the male gamete.[1] Each pollen grain contains vegetative (non-reproductive) cells (only a single cell in most flowering plants but several in other seed plants) and a generative (reproductive) cell. In flowering plants the vegetative tube cell produces the pollen tube, and the generative cell divides to form the two sperm cells. Pollen is produced in the 'microsporangium' (contained in the anther of an angiosperm flower, male cone of a coniferous plant, or male cone of other seed plants). Pollen grains come in a wide variety of shapes (most often spherical), sizes, and surface markings characteristic of the species (see electron micrograph, right). Pollen grains of pines, firs, and spruces are winged. The smallest pollen grain, that of the forget-me-not (Myosotis spp.), is around 6 microns (0.006 mm) in diameter. Wind-borne pollen grains can be as large as about 90-100 microns.[2] Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollen' in Wordnet: 1. (12) pollen - (the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by an anther in a flowering plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :OrganicSubstance . :PollenGrain :guid "bd58f27a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LifeStageType, :PhysicalObjectType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single grain of pollen. Each 'PollenGrain' is a subtype of 'Speck', an object typically smaller than 0.1mm in diameter, being one particle containing a male generative cell of a flowering plant, and possibly other cells as well. It fertilizes the female cells of a flowering plant to being the process of reproduction. CYC: The angiosperm male gametophyte. It is released by the anthers when mature, is transported to a stigma by wind, animal vectors or to the stigma of its own flower by gravity, where it may germinate, send a tube down through the female tissues and discharge sperm cells in the vicinity of the female gamete where fertilization may take place. The WordNet definition of 'pollen' is: (12) pollen - (the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by an anther in a flowering plant) In Cyc and SUMO, 'Pollen' this a mass of Pollen, but in COSMO we need to first define a single grain of Pollen, and the Cyc and SUMO 'Pollen' logical description (not the comments) fits the description. Cyc: A mass of pollen grains. SUMO: A powder produced by FloweringPlants that contains male gametes and is capable of fertilizing the seeds of FloweringPlants of the same species. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantPart, :ReproductiveBody, :Speck, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pollen ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :Pollination :guid "bf174e51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fertilisation1n" ; :wordnet "fertilisation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pollination'' is the Action in which a ''Pollinator'' transfers ''Pollen'' from one plant or plant part to the ovule of a female plant, causing the female plant to begin the process of producing fruit and/or seed. This is distinct from self-pollination. CYC: This is the process in which pollen from flowering plants and trees is redistributed in such a way that reproduction is possible. This may be done intentionally by humans or unintentionally. It most notably occurs as a side-effect of the actions of insects, especially bees. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollination' in WordNet: 1. pollination, pollenation - (transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FertilizingaFemaleOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pollinator ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pollen ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantOvary ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualReproductionEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Pollinator :wnsense "pollinator1n" ; :wordnet "pollinator" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Pollinator'' is an ''Insect'' that can go from flower to flower and transmit pollen that fertilizes the flowers to produce fruit and seeds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollinator' in WordNet: 1. pollinator - (an insect that carries pollen from one flower to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect . :PollingMethod a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PollingMethod' is a Procedure for conducting a Poll, which is often but not always an OpinionPoll. A Poll can be a set of questions about what the queried person does, not just what a Person believes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpinionPoll ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :PollingResultType :takesValue :PopulationCharacteristic ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PollingResultType' a type of attribute that measures the result of some poll or other measurement of the sentiment of a GroupOfPeople about some issue. The values are expressed as the percentage of the subject Group that answers in a specific way to a specific question. The values will therefore record the questions asked, the answer, and the fraction of the population giving that answer.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopulationAttributeKind . :Pollster :guid "8db0e008-2fe3-41d8-9d1f-bea11311cf3c" ; :wnsense "canvasser1n", "headcounter1n", "poll taker1n", "pollster1n" ; :wordnet "canvasser", "headcounter", "poll taker", "pollster" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollster' in WordNet: 1. pollster, poll taker, headcounter, canvasser - (someone who conducts surveys of public opinion; 'a pollster conducts public opinion polls'; 'a headcounter counts heads') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inquirer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpinionPoll ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Polluted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Pollution ; :wnsense "contaminated3adj", "polluted1adj" ; :wordnet "contaminated", "polluted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Polluted'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'polluted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) contaminated, polluted - (rendered unwholesome by contaminants and pollution; 'had to boil the contaminated water'; 'polluted lakes and streams') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Pollution :wnsense "pollution1n" ; :wordnet "pollution" ; a :EnvironmentType, :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''AirPollution'' is an ''EnvironmentalDegradation'' of the local Environment that is unpleasant or harmful in some way, caused by the presence of pollutants. This is an Event that increases some level of pollutants in the Environment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pollution' in WordNet: 1. (2) pollution - (undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvironmentalCondition, :ImmediateWeatherProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undesirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Polluted ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnvironmentalPollution ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Polonium :guid "bd590ab9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "84"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Po1n", "polonium1n" ; :wordnet "Po", "polonium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of polonium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polonium' in WordNet: 1. (1) polonium, Po, atomic number 84 - (a radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth; occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons in a nuclear reactor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Polyester :guid "bd58886f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "polyester1n" ; :wordnet "polyester" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PlasticType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of synthetic resins and fibers used in making clothes, ropes, and many other items. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polyester' in Wordnet: 1. polyester -(any of numerous synthetic resins; they are light and strong and weather resistant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Ester, :Plastic . :Polyethylene :guid "1a507e5c-eceb-41d6-9abf-930802d13115" ; :wnsense "polyethylene1n", "polythene1n" ; :wordnet "polyethylene", "polythene" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PlasticType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Alkane. Polyethylene is an alkane with tens of thousands of carbon atoms. A solid compound that forms the basis of many familiar plastics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polyethylene' in WordNet: 1. (2) polyethylene, polythene - (a lightweight thermoplastic; used especially in packaging and insulation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkane, :ArtificialSubstance, :Ester, :Plastic, :SolidSubstance . :Polygon :guid "bd58d55c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "polygon1n" ; :wordnet "polygon" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and thus a specialization of #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing. Each instance of #$Polygon is a closed two-dimensional planar object consisting of straight line segments (see #$LineSegment) joined end-to-end. Examples include spatially localized objects, such as a flat sheet of paper, as well as abstract polygons. Specializations of this collection include #$Triangle and #$Decagon. See also #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides. SUMO: A ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure that is composed exclusively of straight lines, i.e. OneDimensionalFigures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polygon' in Wordnet: 1. polygon, polygonal shape - (a closed plane figure bounded by straight sides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure, :PlaneFigure-Geometrical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Angular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Polyhedral :wnsense "polyhedral1adj" ; :wordnet "polyhedral" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Polyhedral' is the property of a three-dimensional object that has flat sides connecting at lines and points. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'polyhedral' in WordNet: 1. polyhedral - (of or relating to or resembling a polyhedron) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angular, :ThreeDimensional . :Polyhedron :guid "bed8e16e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "polyhedron1n" ; :wordnet "polyhedron" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all three-dimensional objects all of whose surfaces (see the predicate #$objectSurfaces) are polygons (see #$Polygon). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polyhedron' in WordNet: 1. polyhedron - (a solid figure bounded by plane polygons or faces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Polyhedral ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Polymath :wnsense "polymath1n" ; :wordnet "polymath" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Polymath''is a ''Savant'' knowledgeable at the''Scholar'' level about at least two and often more ''FieldOdStudy''s (''MultipleDisciplines'') and is a ''Savant'' in at least one field. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polymath' in WordNet: 1. polymath - (a person of great and varied learning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Savant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultipleDisciplines ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Polymer :wnsense "polymer1n" ; :wordnet "polymer" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Polymer is a substance composed predominantly of large molecules that themselves contain many units of similar type linked together by chemical bonds. Plastics and biopolymers are the most important polymers. A Polymer may be Organic or Inorganic. Each molecule has a ''Sequence'' of 'monomer units' which usually have some characteristics in common, and often are identical or small variants on some moleculular structure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polymer' in WordNet: 1. polymer - (a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalSequence ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :PolypeptideBonding :wnsense "affinity2n" ; :wordnet "affinity" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PolypeptideBonding'' is a form of non-covalent ''ChemicalBonding'' that causes polypeptides (proteins) to form non-covalent bonds with other polypeptides or other molecules as one step in the process of executing an enzymatic reaction. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'affinity' in WordNet: 2. (1) affinity - ((immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractiveForce . :Polysaccharide :wnsense "polyose1n", "polysaccharide1n" ; :wordnet "polyose", "polysaccharide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Carbohyhdrate having more than 5 linked monosaccharide rings in each molecule. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polysaccharide' in WordNet: 1. polysaccharide, polyose - (any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carbohydrate, :Polymer . :PolytechnicSchool :wnsense "engineering school1n", "polytechnic institute1n", "polytechnic1n" ; :wordnet "engineering school", "polytechnic", "polytechnic institute" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """.This is a school for student beyond high school (beyond grade 12 in the USA). It may be a college, university,or trade school. This is for any school of higher education that alls itself a 'polytechnic' (institute, school,whatever subsequent term). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'polytechnic institute' in WordNet: 1. polytechnic institute, polytechnic, engineering school - (a technical school offering instruction in many industrial arts and applied sciences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :School ; owl:disjointWith :SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 . :Pomegranate :wnsense "pomegranate2n" ; :wordnet "pomegranate" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pomegranate' in WordNet: 2. pomegranate - (large globular fruit having many seeds with juicy red pulp in a tough brownish-red rind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PomegranateTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :PomegranateTree :wnsense "Punica granatum1n", "pomegranate tree1n", "pomegranate1n" ; :wordnet "Punica granatum", "pomegranate", "pomegranate tree" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pomegranate tree' in WordNet: 1. pomegranate, pomegranate tree, Punica granatum - (shrub or small tree native to southwestern Asia having large red many-seeded fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Corn ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ] . :Poncho :guid "be301566-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "poncho1n" ; :wordnet "poncho" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: #$Poncho is a collection, instances of which typically are squares of heavy #$Cloth with a central opening for the head of the wearer. The edges drape over the arms and often to midthigh. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poncho' in WordNet: 1. (3) poncho - (a blanket-like cloak with a hole in the center for the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvelopingCovering, :OutdoorClothing, :OuterGarment, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleeveless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pond :guid "bd58d368-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pond1n" ; :wordnet "pond" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small 'BodyOfFreshWater', less than 100 meters wide. 'Pond' is distinguished from 'Lake' by size, it is not a subclass,as in CYC or Wordnet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pond' in WordNet: 1. (26) pond, pool - (a small lake; 'the pond was too small for sailing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfFreshWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Pong :wnsense "niff1n", "pong1n" ; :wordnet "niff", "pong" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EmittableThingType, :OdorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """British usage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pong' in WordNet: 1. niff, pong - (an unpleasant smell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Odor . :Pons :guid "bf6e2aed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Brain ; :wnsense "pons Varolii1n", "pons2n" ; :wordnet "pons", "pons Varolii" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pons' in WordNet: 2. pons, pons Varolii - (a band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :NeuralStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Pony :wnsense "pony5n" ; :wordnet "pony" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A breed of Horse that is small and gentle, often used as a riding horse that young children can manage. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'pony' in WordNet: 5. pony - (any of various breeds of small gentle horses usually less than five feet high at the shoulder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Horse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gentle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PonyTail :wnsense "ponytail1n" ; :wordnet "ponytail" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ponytail' in WordNet: 1. ponytail - (a hair style that draws the hair back so that it hangs down in back of the head like a pony's tail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairDo, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingHair ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Poodle :guid "bd58c361-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "poodle dog1n", "poodle1n" ; :wordnet "poodle", "poodle dog" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of small to medium-sized dogs. Poodles come in three different sizes: the toy poodle is less than ten inches tall (at the withers), the miniature poodle (also called the mini poodle) is between ten and fifteen inches, and the standard poodle is taller than fifteen inches. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poodle' in WordNet: 1. poodle, poodle dog - (an intelligent dog with a heavy curly solid-colored coat that is usually clipped; an old breed sometimes trained as sporting dogs or as performing dogs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dog . :Pool :ldoce "billiards", "pool" ; :wnsense "billiards1n", "pool9n" ; :wordnet "billiards", "pool" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The game of billiards, played on a Pool Table Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pool' and sense 1 of 'billiards' in WordNet: 9. pool, pocket billiards - (any of various games played on a pool table having 6 pockets) WN noun 'billiards': 1. billiards - (any of several games played on rectangular cloth-covered table (with cushioned edges) in which long tapering cue sticks are used to propel ivory (or composition) balls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoolGame ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :PoolGame a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Various types,payed on a PoolTable..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pool ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CueStick ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BilliardBall ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoolTable ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :PoolTable :guid "bd58bba1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "billiard table1n", "pool table1n", "snooker table1n" ; :wordnet "billiard table", "pool table", "snooker table" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pool table' in WordNet: 1. pool table, billiard table, snooker table - (game equipment consisting of a heavy table on which pool is played) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameArtifact, :ManufacturedGoods, :NonPoweredDevice, :SportsEquipment, :Table-Furniture . :PoolingResources :ldoce "pool" ; :wordnet "pool1v", "pool2v" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type is the one to use for the notion of some Group of people 'joining' together, in any manner, to accomplish a task of common interest. This may include only the polling of energy or the pooling of financial resources, or both. NOTE that this is not a parent of 'JoiningAnOrganization' because there is not necessarily an Organization involved, and a pooling of resources does not necessarily require that one join an organized group, but this action *does* form a 'Group' of those that are participating in the 'PoolingResources' Action. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'pool' and sense 1 of 'join' in WordNet: 1. (4) pool - (combine into a common fund; 'We pooled resources') 2. pool - (join or form a pool of people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupTransferIn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ] . :Poor :isAnAttributeValueOf :Pauper, :PoorPerson ; :isTheOppositeOf :Wealthy ; :ldoce "poor" ; :wnsense "poor1adj" ; :wordnet "poor" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a Person (group, organization) who is poor, i.e. whose material assets and income are inadequate to support a minimally comfortable life style. When applied to a group or country, it often indicates the average state of the individuals, and is not necessarily true of all members. IF it is intended that all members of a group are to be characterized as 'Poor' then the Group should have a restriction on the members to that effect. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'poor' in WordNet in WordNet: 2. (13) poor - (having little money or few possessions; 'deplored the gap between rich and poor countries'; 'the proverbial poor artist living in a garret') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Poor-Performing :isLessIntenseThan :Execrable, :VeryBad ; :isTheOppositeOf :Excellent, :Outstanding ; :ldoce "poor" ; :wnsense "poor6adj", "unsatisfactory1adj" ; :wordnet "poor", "unsatisfactory" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Less than average in Goodness, but a lower degree of Goodness than 'Execrable'; comparable to but slightly less bad than 'veryBad'. This is a rating for an agent's performance of some Action. For the adverb use ''Poorly''. For objects or situations that are 'unsatisfactory' in quality or fail to meet expectations, use 'Unsatisfactory'. This is intended to represent, among other things, a performance rating that is in effect 'unstatisfactory', as in school grades. Corresponds to adjectiove sense 6 of 'poor' and part of adjective sense 1 of 'unsatisfactory' (relating to an agent's performance) in WordNet: 6. poor - (unsatisfactory; 'a poor light for reading'; 'poor morale'; 'expectations were poor') WN adjective 'unsatisfactory': 1. (6) unsatisfactory - (not giving satisfaction; 'shops should take back unsatisfactory goods'; 'her performance proved to be unsatisfactory'; 'life is becoming increasingly unsatifactory'; 'our discussion was very unsatisfactory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :PoorPerson :wnsense "have-not1n", "poor person1n" ; :wordnet "have-not", "poor person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PoorPerson'' is a Person who has too little income to live in minimal comfort - one whose income is below the 'poverty line'.. This is a Role and is true only in some time period. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poor person' in Wordnet: 1. poor person, have-not - (a person with few or no possessions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poor ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poverty ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] ; owl:disjointWith :WealthyPerson . :Poorer :en "poorer" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Poor ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Poorer' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some Person or GroupOfPeople a lower level of wealth than some other, or lower than the same Person at an earlier time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :Poorly :contrastsWith :Skillfully ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Poor-Performing ; :wnsense "badly2adv", "ill1adv", "poorly1adv" ; :wordnet "badly", "ill", "poorly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Poorly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the quality (in some sense) of the action in the Event is worse than is normal or expected for an Event of that type. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'poorly' in WordNet: 1. (9) ill, badly, poorly - (('ill' is often used as a combining form) in a poor or improper or unsatisfactory manner; not well; 'he was ill prepared'; 'it ill befits a man to betray old friends'; 'the car runs badly'; 'he performed badly on the exam'; 'the team played poorly'; 'ill-fitting clothes'; 'an ill-conceived plan') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Pop :wnsense "pop3n", "popping1n" ; :wordnet "pop", "popping" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a ''Pop'' is a single popping sound made by the event of ''Popping''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pop' in WordNet: 3. pop, popping - (a sharp explosive sound as from a gunshot or drawing a cork) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Popping ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :PopMusic :wnsense "pop music1n", "pop4n" ; :wordnet "pop", "pop music" ; a :EventType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PopMusic'' is a type of ''PopularMusic'' that is popular mostly to teenagers and young adults. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pop music' in WordNet: 1. pop music, pop - (music of general appeal to teenagers; a bland watered-down version of rock'n'roll with more rhythm and harmony and an emphasis on romantic love) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RockMusic . :Popcorn :guid "bd58c5a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "popcorn2n" ; :wordnet "popcorn" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'popcorn' in Wordnet: 2. popcorn - (small kernels of corn exploded by heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corn, :DessertSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Granular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pope :guid "c1007162-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Bishop of Rome1n", "Catholic Pope1n", "Holy Father1n", "Roman Catholic Pope1n", "Vicar of Christ1n", "pontiff1n", "pope1n" ; :wordnet "Bishop of Rome", "Catholic Pope", "Holy Father", "Roman Catholic Pope", "Vicar of Christ", "pontiff", "pope" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pope'' is a Priest with the highest rank in the Catholic Church. There is (in theory) only one''Pope'' at a time (there have been pretenders). In modern timee he resides in Rome where he is also head of the Vatican state. CYC: The collection of all #$Popes; each is the spiritual and temporal head of the #$RomanCatholicChurch and of the #$HolySee, political ruler of the #$VaticanCity, bishop [#$Bishop-Clerical] of Rome, Italy, Prince over all christian Princes, and vice-regent of #$JesusChrist on earth. Each #$Pope, in modern times, is elected by the College of Cardinals in the #$SistineChapel, and rules until death. (There are other popes, such as the #$CopticPopes, that are not included in this collection.) Certain historical popes are now held to have been antipopes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pope' in WordNet: 1. (6) pope, Catholic Pope, Roman Catholic Pope, pontiff, Holy Father, Vicar of Christ, Bishop of Rome - (the head of the Roman Catholic Church) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bishop-Clerical, :Leader . :Poplar :guid "bd58a92f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "poplar tree1n", "poplar2n" ; :wordnet "poplar", "poplar tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'poplar' in WordNet: 2. poplar, poplar tree - (any of numerous trees of north temperate regions having light soft wood and flowers borne in catkins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringTree, :Tree . :Popping :wnsense "pop3v" ; :wordnet "pop" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Popping' is an Event in which a ''Pop'' sound is emitted by some object. This usually occurs only once and is quick, usually loud, and often startling when unexpected. This includes as subtype the firng of a firearm, producing a ''Gunshot''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'pop' in WordNet: 3. (1) pop - (make a sharp explosive noise; \"The cork of the champagne bottle popped\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pop ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :PoppyPlant :wnsense "poppy1n" ; :wordnet "poppy" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: 1. any plant of the genus Papaver, having showy, usually red flowers. Cf. poppy family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poppy' in WordNet: 1. (2) poppy - (annual or biennial or perennial herbs having showy flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :Popsicle :wnsense "ice lolly1n", "lollipop1n", "lolly2n", "popsicle1n" ; :wordnet "ice lolly", "lollipop", "lolly", "popsicle" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'popsicle' in WordNet: 1. ice lolly, lolly, lollipop, popsicle - (ice cream or water ice on a small wooden stick; 'in England a popsicle is called an ice lolly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrozenDessertObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FrozenDessertFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LollipopStick ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Popular :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Popularity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unpopular ; :ldoce "popular" ; :wnsense "popular1adj" ; :wordnet "popular" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being 'Popular' (among some GroupOfPeople) is having a higher percentage of favorable opinions than unfavorable opinions, ignoring those who have no opinion; this is a broadly applicable attribute of people, objects, and Actions, as well as ideas. This AttributeValue is usually assigned by commentators on the basis of informal observation of comments; a more objective measure of popularity can be made by polling, giving an 'OpinionPollResult' that contains some 'PopularityRating'. This sense of 'popular' also includes the notions of objects of commerce such as toys being 'popular' if they sell well, or vacation spots being 'popular' if many people travel there. It is not clear what objective criterion can be applied to include all those senses of 'popular', but for a first effort, the notion of having favorable opinion ratings will be the criterion adopted. For the commercial or travel senses, the GroupOfPeople whose opinions determine popularity will be those who have bought or intend to buy similar items (i.e. of similar functionality) or who have traveled or intend to travel to similar vacation spots, and the preferences among those groups will be the opinions of relevance in determinining whether something is or is not 'popular'. IF other objective measures are proposed for the commercial or travel senses, they can be represented as subtypes of this sense. As applied to people, being 'popular' means to have a favorable 'PopularityRating',even if the means of polling is quite informal. Linguistically, for a Person to be 'Popular' is to have 'Popularity'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'popular' in WordNet: 1. (15) popular - (regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public; 'a popular tourist attraction'; 'a popular girl'; 'cabbage patch dolls are no longer popular') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :Popular-ByThePeople :ldoce "popular" ; :wnsense "popular2adj" ; :wordnet "popular" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Popular-ByThePeople'' is the sense oy 'popular' intended in phrases such as 'popular government' (of the people,b the people, forthepeople) and 'popular vote'. Pertaining to the citizenry as a whole. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'popular' in Wordnet: 2. (9) popular - (carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large; 'the popular vote'; 'popular representation'; 'institutions of popular government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PopularMusic :wnsense "popular music1n" ; :wordnet "popular music" ; a :EventType, :GenreType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of ''Music'' that has wide appeal at least temporarily and is distinct from Classical Music in being rarely performed by an orchestra, rather is often performed by individuals with a guitar. This is the actual music, not an abstract genre. Cynical intellectual: 'the best thing about a popular song is that it isn't popular long' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'popular music' in WordNet: 1. (2) popular music, popular music genre - (any genre of music having wide appeal (but usually only for a short time)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music . :PopularName a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PopularName'' is an Alias for some entity that is usually used to refer to that entity by one of its distinctive characters - for example, the ''PopularName' of the US state of ''Oregon'' is 'The Beaver State' whereas Ohio is 'The Buckeye State'. All states have some ''PopularName''. Some ities als have popular names, though they tend to be less formal (not approved by some authority). Chicagos is ''The Windy city' or 'The city of big shoulders'. This includes stage names and other names assumed for public figures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alias' in WordNet: 1. alias, assumed name, false name - (a name that has been assumed temporarily) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alias . :Popularity :ldoce "popularity" ; :wnsense "popularity1n" ; :wordnet "popularity" ; a :ActionType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'Popularity' is a subtype of 'SocialState' and ''Quality'' which is the ''PersistentState'' of something that is 'Popular', i.e. has more favorable opinions than unfavorable. To have 'Popularity' is to be 'Popular'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'popularity' in WordNet; the WordNet gloss indicates that this term is used mostly for highly favorable PropularityRatings, but this COSMO type is for any positive favorable rating. in WordNet: 1. (6) popularity - (the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after; 'his charm soon won him affection and popularity'; 'the universal popularity of American movies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Popular ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :PopularityRating :guid "bd58b95e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "popularity" ; :wnsense "popularity1n" ; :wordnet "popularity" ; a :AttributeValueType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'PopularityRating' is an 'OpinionDistribution' in which the question asked inquires about the opinion of some GroupOfPeople toward some thing, often a Person. This is an AttributeValue of the GroupOfPeople polled, but it also is an objective measure of the Popularity of that thing or Person, A person or thing can be 'Popular' without having a poll taken, but in such cases the attribution of 'Popular' will be based on very informal polling of individuals, or on evidence in communications among people. A similar concept is labeled 'PopularityLevel' in Cyc. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'popularity' in WordNet, but is broader; the WordNet gloss indicates that the term 'popularity' is used mostly for highly favorable PropularityRatings. In COSMO favorable ratings are represented as 'Popularity' and the attribute 'Popular'; but this COSMO type is for any popularity rating, whether favorable or unfavorable.(as in 'low popularity') in WordNet: 1. (6) popularity - (the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after; 'his charm soon won him affection and popularity'; 'the universal popularity of American movies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpinionDistribution . :Populated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :HavingPeopleInside ; :isTheOppositeOf :Empty ; :wnsense "populated1adj" ; :wordnet "populated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Places or Objects that have some living people inside. Includes but is broader (not just 'inabitants' and no 'animals' other that people) than adjective sense 1 of 'populated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) populated - (furnished with inhabitants; 'the area is well populated'; 'forests populated with all kinds of wild life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inhabited . :PopulatedPlace :guid "acf243a4-24df-41d7-92f0-8a8fd5ad2507" ; :wnsense "settlement3n" ; :wordnet "settlement" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population, including cities, settlements, towns, and villages. It does not include #$Locales. NOTE that this is a subtype of PhysicalSpaceRegion and is disjoint with Agent. This is a synonym for 'Settlement': 'Settlement' is a very general concept of some area that has people residing in it, the people in it recognizing the area as having an identity distinct from that of other areas. It can be very small or very large. This is similar to the notion of \"Populated Place\" used in geographical Databases. OCM thesaurus: the topic of 'Settlements' is described: General statements covering several specific aspects of the physical configuration and material facilities of settlements ranging in size and complexity from a temporary camp to a great metropolis. To distinguish early-stage settlements from more established ones, the term 'Settlement' is reserved for this general concept, and 'EarlySettlement' for an early-stage settlement. Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'settlement' and part of sense 1 of 'populated area' in Wordnet (a 'settlement' is not necessarily urban, it can be a small town: in WordNet: 3. (2) settlement - (a conclusive resolution of a matter and disposition of it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place . :PopulatingaPlace :wnsense "people1v", "populate2v" ; :wordnet "people", "populate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PopulatingaPlace'' is An Event in which some ''Authority'' takes some action to cause people to move to a location, to increase its population. This Action increases the population density of the new place of residence. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'populate' in WordNet: 2. people, populate - (fill with people or supply with inhabitants; 'people a room'; 'The government wanted to populate the remote area of the country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingChange, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingToaPlace ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChangeOfResidence ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residence ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authority ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Population :guid "bde046c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "population" ; :wnsense "population1n", "population2n" ; :wordnet "population" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all groups of animals (less frequently. plants) of the same type living in the same location. For people, use the subtype 'HumanPopulation'. For any instance of this Type, it is possible to specify the location and the type of animal to satisfy the restriction. NOTE that a population is only those animals (or people) located in a particular location at a particular time. it is therefore time-sensitive. The location is generic; therfore, one can use this to describe the people who are on the liner Queen Mary, wherever it happens to be at that time. The time of the populatin count may but does not have to be specified. For human populations see ''ResidentsAtTime''. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'population' in WordNet: 1. (27) population - (the people who inhabit a territory or state; 'the population seemed to be well fed and clothed') 2. (4) population - (a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area; 'they hired hunters to keep down the deer population') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrganismType :Organism ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DateTimeExtendedGroup :TimeInterval ) ] ; owl:onProperty :atTime ] . :PopulationAttribute a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PopulationAttribute is a quantitative measure describing some characteristic of some population, which is a type of attribute that can be asserted about a group of people. Examples of PopulationAttributes are: infant mortality rate, AverageIncome, UnemploymentRate, high school graduation rate, etc..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attribute, :PopulationCharacteristic . :PopulationAttributeKind :takesValue :PopulationCharacteristic ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PopulationAttribute is any type of attribute that can be asserted about a group of people. It also is used to characterize geographical regions, in which case it in fact characterizes the group of people who live in that region. It will be time-sensitive, potentially varying rapidly. NOTE that this is a subclass of AttributeType, which categorizes general types of population attributes, and each PopulationAttribute The values for each PopulationAttribute will be a subtype of PopulationCharacteristic. This AttributeType is mostly of interest for aggregate characteristics, such as 'RacialComposition'. The individual elements making up that composition would be instances of 'PopulationCharacteristic' such as 'PercentageAsianAncestry'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :PopulationCharacteristic a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of a 'Population' that is of interest to some group for some purpose. Examples are: unemployment rate, distribution of religious affiliations, racial distribution. The Population is usually human, but may be animal. Plant groups are not included. It may be quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative characteristics will be instances of subtypes of 'PopulationAttributeValue'. A PopulationCharacteristic may also be used to characterize geographical regions, in which case it is interpreted as characterizing the group of people who live in that region. It will be time-sensitive, potentially varying rapidly. The characteristic is often some percentage of the given population having a particular attribute, or some distribution of attribute values for one type of attribute. Thus an unemployment rate is a simple percentage under 100; a racial distribution is a group of fractions that add up to no more than 100% (if incomplete, it may add up to less than 100%). For qualitative attributes, one might characterize a population without reference to the fractions that actually have that attribute, for example 'an Asian group'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :PopulationCharacteristicDistribution a :AttributeValueType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A group of numbers expressing the fraction of some population that has a particular value for some category of population attribute. This is not a simple number, but a group of numbers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distribution, :PopulationCharacteristic . :Populist :wnsense "democrat2n", "populist1n" ; :wordnet "democrat", "populist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Populist'' is a ''Proponent'' of public (governmental) policies that emphasize the needs of the common people, as contrasted with advocates of the elites or of business. A proponent of 'populism'. RHW 'populism': 4. (l.c.) representation or extolling of the common person, the working class, the underdog, etc.: populism in the arts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'populist' in WordNet: 1. democrat, populist - (an advocate of democratic principles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proponent . :Porcelain :guid "bd588e1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "porcelain1n" ; :wordnet "porcelain" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Porcelain is a (at least somewhat) translucent subtype of Ceramic. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'porcelain' in RHW: 1. a strong, vitreous, translucent ceramic material, biscuit-fired at a low temperature, the glaze then fired at a very high temperature. Cyc: The ceramic material of which tiles and some other things are made of. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porcelain' in WordNet: 1. porcelain - (ceramic ware made of a more or less translucent ceramic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceramic . :Porch :wnsense "porch1n" ; :wordnet "porch" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Porch'' has no walls other than the exterior walls of a structure (usually a residence), facing toward the inside of the structure. It occupies only one storey, though it may have a enclosed room of a house above it. It may or may not be covered, though it usually is if it is not an instance of the subtype ''Stoop'. RHW: 1. an exterior appendage to a building, forming a covered approach or vestibule to a doorway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porch' in WordNet: 1. (21) porch - (a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, :Platform, :SpaceInAFixedHOC, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Exterior ] . :Porcupine :guid "bd58c529-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hedgehog1n", "porcupine1n" ; :wordnet "hedgehog", "porcupine" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porcupine' in WordNet: 1. (1) porcupine, hedgehog - (relatively large rodents with sharp erectile bristles mingled with the fur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prickly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PorcupineQuill ; owl:minCardinality "100" ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfacePart ] . :PorcupineQuill :wnsense "quill1n" ; :wordnet "quill" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PorcupineQuill'' is a stiff sharp-ended ''ExternalSpine'' on Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quill' in WordNet: 2. (1) quill - (a stiff hollow protective spine on a porcupine or hedgehog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalSpine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Porcupine ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Porcupine ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :Pork :guid "bd58ee7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "porc1n", "pork1n" ; :wordnet "porc", "pork" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pig meat. This collection includes raw meat as well as cooked, smoked, and/or salted meat. Raw pork is not ready to be eaten. SUMO: Meat that was originally part of a Pig. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pork' in Wordnet: 1. (4) pork, porc - (meat from a domestic hog or pig) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, :Meat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pig ; owl:onProperty :isTheMeatOf ] . :Porosity :guid "be00c216-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Porous ; :wnsense "porosity1n", "porousness1n" ; :wordnet "porosity", "porousness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Quality of a SolidObject (or of a substance of which such SolidObjects are composed) that is ''Porous''. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Porosity is a specific porosity of some physical object. Different porosities may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions. Porosities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$porosityOfObject (q.v.). ''Porosity'' is the nominalized form of ''Porous'' - things that *are* ''Porous'' *have* ''Porosity''. contrastsWith rdf:resource=\"#Impermeability\"/ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porosity' in WordNet: 1. (1) porosity, porousness - (the property of being porous; being able to absorb fluids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Porous ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Porous :wnsense "poriferous1adj", "porous1adj", "porous2adj" ; :wordnet "poriferous", "porous" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a SolidObject (or of a substance of which such SolidObjects are composed) that may be flat or three-dimensional, but in either case has gaps between parts that appear (in flat objects) as holes through the SolidObject, or in more three-dimensional objects (such as sponges), form holes into which gas or liquid may permeate. This is characteristic of net-like objects like screens or Lace fabrics (see subtype ''Weblike'') or of sponges, or of porous things generally including geological formations. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'porous' in Wordnet: 1. (14) porous - (able to absorb fluids; 'the partly porous walls of our digestive system'; \"compacting the soil to make it less porous\") 2. porous, poriferous - (full of pores or vessels or holes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :PorousSheetType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PorousSheetType'' is a metatype which is a subclass of ''SubstanceType'' that can serve as type for various forms porous sheet-like . substances such as ''Paper'' and ''Cloth''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType . :Porridge :wnsense "porridge1n" ; :wordnet "porridge" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """RHW: a food made of oatmeal, or some other meal or cereal, boiled to a thick consistency in water or milk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porridge' in WordNet: 1. porridge - (soft food made by boiling oatmeal or other meal or legumes in water or milk until thick) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PortAuthorityOfNewYork a :IntelligentAgent . :PortCity :guid "c0f7e570-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "port" ; :wnsense "port of entry1n", "port1n" ; :wordnet "port", "port of entry" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PortCity is a City that has a PortFacility for vessels that carry cargo, to load and unload. Any City that is a registered home port for a Vessel should be a PortCity. The facility called a 'port' is represented in COSMO as 'PortFacility'. A city with only a yacht harbor or small-boat marina is not a PortCity, as those are not primarily for cargo handling. The meaning of 'port of entry' is not restricted to the United Staets, as suggested by the WordNetg gloss. Cyc: A specialization of #$City. Each instance of #$PortCity is a city that borders on some instance of #$Harbor (q.v.). Each instance of #$PortCity will contain at least one instance of #$Seaport (q.v.). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'port' in WordNet; however, this is both broader than WordNet's sense in being the City where a PortFacility is located, and narrower than WordNet in including only sea ports, not air ports. For the port facility itself, use 'PortFacility'. Airports are represented as 'Airport'.: in WordNet: 1. (5) port - (a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country) WN 'port of entry': 1. port of entry, point of entry - (a port in the United States where customs officials are stationed to oversee the entry and exit of people and merchandise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :City . :PortFacility :guid "c118da12-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "port" ; :wnsense "port1n" ; :wordnet "port" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the broadest sense of 'port' sea docking facilities, large or small - 'any port in a storm'. This is not necessarily located in a 'PortCity', which is for national ports of entry. COSMO has no entry for *all* cities that have some port. This includes small ports such as ''Marina''s that are not in traditional ''PortCity''s. This can be on a river, miles from the ocean. For 'marina' probably need a 'DockingFacility' type. CYC: The collection of working port facilities that are owned and/or managed by a single organization (private or public). Each element of #$PortFacility is in the working port part of some element of #$PortCity. (See #$Seaport.) Instances of #$PortFacility have both tangible and intangible aspects. For a City that is called a Port (e.g. home port, port of entry, 'port of call') use 'PortCity'. A PortFacilty is usually located in a PortCity, but that is not an essential property. A yacht harbor or small-boat marina is not a PortFacility, as they are not primarily for cargo handling. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'port' in WordNet; (see ''seaport'' to include the water part) however, this is narrower than WordNet in including only sea ports, not air ports.: in WordNet: 1. (5) port - (a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :TransportFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :PortCity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DockingFacility ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dock ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShippingByWater ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Portable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :CarryingByHand ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :CarryingByHand ; :isTheOppositeOf :Immobile, :NonPortable ; :wnsense "portable1adj" ; :wordnet "portable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Portable' is an attribute of PhysicalObjects that can typically be carried by one person, or at most two people using their own muscle power. Some 'HumanScaleObject's will not be Portable, but all SmallObjects should be, and many of the smaller ''HumanSizedObject''s will qualify. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'portable' in WordNet: 1. (3) portable - (easily or conveniently transported; 'a portable television set') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PortableCarrier :ldoce "bag" ; :wnsense "bag1n" ; :wordnet "bag" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PortableCarrier'' is a ''TransportationContainerProduct'' small enough for a Person to carry, i.e. it is a ''SmallObject''. Something as large as a piece of luggage qualifies, if it can be lifted with one hand. Should be no more than 100 poounds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bag' in WordNet: 1. (8) bag - (a flexible container with a single opening; 'he stuffed his laundry into a large bag') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case-Container, :FlexibleObject, :FoldableObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :SmallObject, :SolidObject, :TransportationContainerProduct . :PortableObject :guid "bd588131-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: being able to 'move' an object means either being able to lift it (maximum 200 pounds) or at least push or pull it fairly easily. If it has no wheels or hinges, and is over 200 pounds, it is not portable even if it can be moved by pushing. Something small enough to lift with one hand is a ''SmallObject'', and smaller ''HumanSizedObject''s may qualify. Among the ''PortableObject''s would be a ''Backpack'' would be included, assuming that it would not exceed two hundred pounds. CYC A specialization of #$HumanScaleObject. Each instance of #$PortableObject is a tangible object that is not fastened down and is light enough for an average human (or, more to the point, for its average intended user) to move easily. For many instances of #$PortableObject, portability is important for the fulfillment of their primary functions; for example, an article of clothing (an instance of #$SomethingToWear), a hand-guided tool (an instance of #$HandTool), a coin or dollar bill (an instance of #$Currency), or a flashlight (an instance of #$Flashlight) would be pretty useless if they weren't portable. In other cases, making a device portable, or making a portable version of a device, simply provides a convenience, as with the subcollections #$PortableTelevision and #$PortableStereoSystem. Note that #$Tool is not a subcollection of #$PortableObject, since many tools are heavy and/or stationary. A borderline example of a #$PortableObject would be a heart/lung machine; although the beneficiary of its primary function is in no position to move it around, the physicians and nurses who also are using it can and do exactly that. The same goes for a playpen; the kids in it had better _not_ be able to move it around, but the adults who set it up and put them there can and do move it. A borderline non-example would be a car; even though its user can make it move around, that is more a controlling action than a transporting action - i.e., the car is doing the transporting in that case, not the driver. A borderline example is a cat; even though it moves under its own power, it is light enough for its owner to pick it up and move it around. A borderline example is a bed or a dresser; though too heavy to lift, its owners can generally move it around (by sliding, disassembling and reassembling, and so on). COSMO note: this includes objects that can be transported on a dolly by one person, such as a typical kitchen 'Refrigerator'. For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Portable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Portal :en "portal" ; :guid "bd58d597-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "entrance1n", "exit1n", "portal1n" ; :wordnet "entrance", "exit", "portal" ; a :PhysicalFeatureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Path-Spatial and #$Cavity. Each instance of #$Portal is an opening - in a surface, through a tube, or whatever - with or without a covering (although any covering is not itself typically part of the portal). Specializations include #$Doorway, #$Valve, and #$BodilyOrifice. COSMO NOTE: a ''Portal'' in COSMO is an opening into or out of some 'closed' space; this includes portals that serve as both ''Entrance'' and ''Exit''. If something serves (e.g. by regulation or fiat) as only one of these (exiting or entering), use the subtype ''Entrance'' or ''Exit''. This is for normal 'portals', expecially into and out of ArtifactObjects such as Rooms or Buildings, but includes designated paths into and/or out of open-air spaces such as Parks or ''ParkingLot''s.. NOTE: The subtypes of this type tend to be PhysicalObjects - but a ''Hole'' is a Region, so making this a subtype of ''Hole'' causes inconsistencies. There is no WN sense that correlates exactly with this. Noun sense 1 in WOrdNet would be a subtype. Includes noun sense 1 of 'portal' and also in WordNet: 1. (5) portal - (a grand and imposing entrance (often extended metaphorically); 'the portals of the cathedral'; 'the portals of heaven'; 'the portals of success') WN noun 'entrance': 1. (10) entrance, entranceway, entryway, entry, entree - (something that provides access (to get in or get out); 'they waited at the entrance to the garden'; 'beggars waited just outside the entryway to the cathedral\") WN noun 'exit': 1. (1) exit, issue, outlet, way out - (an opening that permits escape or release; 'he blocked the way out'; 'the canyon had only one issue') outside the entryway to the cathedral') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cavity, :Opening, :Path-Simple, :Path-Spatial, :PhysicalFeature, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFeatureOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :PortalCatch :wnsense "catch7n" ; :wordnet "catch" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'catch' in WordNet: 7. catch - (a fastener that fastens or locks a door or window) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DoorOrWindow ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ] . :PortalCovering :guid "bd589d69-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToCover :Portal ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$PortalCovering is a solid tangible object that covers a portal. Instances of #$PortalCovering may be either flexible or rigid, and they may be either fixed in place or removable. Examples include windows (in buildings or automobiles), doors, shutters, screens, draperies, window blinds, convertible tops, lids, and corks. NOTE: in Cyc this is not an Artifact, possibly to permit reference to some natural things whih are PortalCoverings?? Is a mouth a PortalCovering? It isn't specified as such in Cyc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :PartOfanArtifact, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Portal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Porter :wnsense "porter1n" ; :wordnet "porter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'porter' in WordNet: 1. (1) porter - (a person employed to carry luggage and supplies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManualLaborer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarryingLuggage ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Portfolio :wnsense "portfolio1n" ; :wordnet "portfolio" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A flat ''Case-Container'', commonly of a size convenient for carrying sheets of paper. Portfolios large enough to hold artists' works are included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'portfolio' in WordNet: 1. (2) portfolio - (a large, flat, thin case for carrying loose papers or drawings or maps; usually leather; 'he remembered her because she was carrying a large portfolio') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case-Container . :Portrait :wnsense "portrait1n" ; :wordnet "portrait" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a PhysicalObject, not an abstract image. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'portrait' in WordNet: 1. (4) portrait - (a painting of a person's face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Painting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :depictsObject ] . :Portrayal :wnsense "portrait2n", "portraiture1n", "portrayal1n" ; :wordnet "portrait", "portraiture", "portrayal" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'portrayal' in WordNet: 1. (1) portrayal, portraiture, portrait - (a word picture of a person's appearance and character) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordPicture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :describes ] . :Portugal :wnsense "Portugal1n" ; :wordnet "Portugal" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Portugal' in WordNet: 1. (1) Portugal, Portuguese Republic - (a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)) """ . :Portuguese :pertainsTo :Portugal, :PortuguesePerson ; :wnsense "Lusitanian1adj", "Portuguese1adj" ; :wordnet "Lusitanian", "Portuguese" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Portuguese' in Wordnet: 1. Portuguese, Lusitanian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Portugal or the people of Portugal; \"Portuguese wines\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PortugueseLanguage :wasCreatedBy :PortugueseSpeakers ; :wnsense "PortugueseLanguage1n" ; :wordnet "PortugueseLanguage" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Portuguese' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Portuguese - (the Romance language spoken in Portugal and Brazil) """ . :PortugueseManOfWar :guid "c0fd4dd0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Portuguese man-of-war1n", "man-of-war2n" ; :wordnet "Portuguese man-of-war", "man-of-war" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Large venomous jellyfish, nasty sting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Portuguese man-of-war' in WordNet: 1. Portuguese man-of-war, man-of-war, jellyfish - (large siphonophore having a bladderlike float and stinging tentacles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Jellyfish . :PortuguesePerson :wnsense "Portuguese2n" ; :wordnet "Portuguese" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Portuguese' in WordNet: 2. Portuguese - (a native or inhabitant of Portugal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Portugal ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :PortugueseSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Posing :en "pose for a painting", "pose for a photo", "posing", "posing for a painting", "posing for a photo" ; :wnsense "pose2v" ; :wordnet "pose" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Posing'' is a ''BodyPositionEvent'' (a static situation) in which a Person maintains a certain body position for some interval of time, so that they can be photographed or sketched or painted or otherwise represented in some visible medium. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'pose' in WordNet: 2. (4) model, pose, sit, posture - (assume a posture as for artistic purposes; 'We don't know the woman who posed for Leonardo so often') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPositionEvent, :PerceivableHumanAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisualArtActivity ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ] . :Position :ldoce "position" ; :wnsense "position6n", "slot4n" ; :wordnet "position", "slot" ; a :RankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Position' is a Role that a person plays with respect some Structured ''GroupOfRoles''. This differs from the subtype ''EmploymentPosition'' in that it is not necessary the Role of an 'Employee'' Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'slot' and *part* noun sense 6 of 'position' (a synset also used for ''EmploymentPosition'' in a narrower sense) in WordNet: 4. slot - (a position in a hierarchy or organization; 'Bob Dylan occupied the top slot for several weeks'; 'she beat some tough competition for the number one slot') WN noun 'position' (this is a more general sense): 6. (12) position, post, berth, office, spot, billet, place, situation - (a job in an organization; 'he occupied a post in the treasury') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialNiche, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfRoles ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :PositionTitle :ldoce "title" ; :wnsense "title6n" ; :wordnet "title" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Name of some position, rank, office, or other honorary description attached to the name of a Person as a courtesy or as a matter of right, such as 'Doctor', 'Lord', 'Mister', 'President', 'Mayor', 'Professor' etc. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'title' in RHW 4. a descriptive or distinctive appellation, esp. one belonging to a person by right of rank, office, attainment, etc.: the title of Lord Mayor. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'title' in WordNet: 6. (1) title, title of respect, form of address - (an identifying appellation signifying status or function: e.g. 'Mr.' or 'General'; 'the professor didn't like his friends to use his formal title') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Name . :PositionalAttribute a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any attribute of location, directional orientation, or other attributes related to position.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationOrOrientationAttribute . :PositionalUncertainty a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PositionalUncertainty is an uncertainty in the location of an object, expressed as a LengthMeasure.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConfidenceInterval, :LengthMeasure, :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :Positive :wnsense "affirmative1adj", "affirmatory1adj", "positive1adj" ; :wordnet "affirmative", "affirmatory", "positive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Positive'' is an attribute in contrast to ''negative'', regarding a ''Answer'' or reply. Includes adj sense 1 of 'affirmative' and part of adj sense 1 of 'positive' in Wordnet: 1. affirmative, affirmatory - (affirming or giving assent; 'an affirmative decision'; 'affirmative votes\"; \"an affirmative nod\"; \"an affirmatory gesture\") WN adj 'positive': 1. (20) positive - (characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.; 'a positive attitude'; 'the reviews were all positive'; 'a positive benefit'; 'a positive demand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PositiveAdjective a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The positive (base) form of an Adjective." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjective . :PositiveIdentification :wnsense "positive identification1n" ; :wordnet "positive identification" ; a :ObjectType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"IDdocum Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'positive identification' in WordNet: 1. positive identification - (evidence proving that you are who you say you are; evidence establishing that you are among the group of people already known to the system; recognition by the system leads to acceptance; 'a system for positive identification can prevent the use of a single identity by several people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Identification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IdentifyingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :PositiveInteger a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonnegativeInt, :PositiveRealNumber . :PositiveLitmusTest :alwaysCauses :ChangeFromColorlessToRed ; :causedChange :ChangeFromColorlessToRed ; :hadChangedEntity :Color ; :hadMainParticipant :LitmusSolution0001 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :AcidicSolution ; a :Action, :CausingAnAttributeChange . :PositiveRealNumber a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RealNumber that is greater than zero. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonnegativeRealNumber . :Positively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Positive ; :wnsense "positively2adv" ; :wordnet "positively" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Positively'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies various types of things that could be characterized as 'positive', including responses, assertions, electrically charged objects. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'positively' in Wordnet: 2. positively - (so as to be positive; in a positive manner; 'she intended her remarks to be interpreted positively') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :PositivelyCharged :isAnAttributeValueOf :ElectricalCharge ; :isTheOppositeOf :NegativelyCharged ; :wnsense "positive2adj", "positively charged1adj" ; :wordnet "positive", "positively charged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PositivelyCharged'' is an attribute that specifies that some Object has an ''ElectricalCharge'' that is 'positive', i.e. the same value as that of a Proton, conrasting with 'negative' or 'neutral'.. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'positive' in WordNet: 2. (8) positive, electropositive - (having a positive electric charge; 'protons are positive') WN adj 'positively charged': 1. positively charged - (having a positive charge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Possession :ldoce "have", "possess", "possession" ; :wnsense "have1v", "have4v", "own1v", "ownership2n", "possess2v", "possession1n" ; :wordnet "have", "own", "ownership", "possess", "possession" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Possession' is a PersistentState in which a 'IntentionalAgent' has control of something - an Object or something intangible that is valuable. The 'control' may be physical, as having the thing on the person or in some safe location acessible to the agent, or may be the more abstract persistent state represented by the subtype ''Ownership''. This is not necessarily being the Owner of the thing possessed. In each Possession there will be an agent that does the possessing, and a thing possessed. The thing possessed will be related to the possessor by the relation 'possesses'. For the 'right' of ownership, use ''PropertyRight''. This differs from the parent ''HavingSomething'' in that the thing 'possessed' need to be something having some value, not an attribute or an opinion or an illness. For actual ownership, use the relation 'owns' or 'hasOwnershipIn' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'possession' and sense 2 of 'ownership; and part of verb sense 2 of 'possess' (ownership is not required) and parts of verb senses 1 and 4 of 'have' (for sense 1 only the possession of money is a relevant example) in WordNet: 1. (10) possession, ownership - (the act of having and controlling property) WN verb 'possess' 2. (12) own, have, possess - (have ownership or possession of; 'He owns three houses in Florida'; 'How many cars does she have?') WN 'have' 1. (1202) have, have got, hold - (have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; 'She has $1,000 in the bank'; 'He has got two beautiful daughters'; 'She holds a Master's degree from Harvard') 4. (143) own, have, possess - (have ownership or possession of; 'He owns three houses in Florida'; 'How many cars does she have?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :HavingSomething . :Possessive :wnsense "genitive case1n", "genitive1n", "possessive case1n", "possessive1n" ; :wordnet "genitive", "genitive case", "possessive", "possessive case" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Possessives include some closed class words that are also determiners, such as 'my' and 'our', but also include all possessives derived from open class words, including Proper names such as 'John's'. A Possessive is not necessarily a Pronoun. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'possessive' in Wordnet, but WN classifies it as a 'case' and in COSMO it is a type of ''Word'': in WordNet: 1. genitive, genitive case, possessive, possessive case - (the case expressing ownership) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalStructure, :Word . :Possibility :isAnAttributeValueOf :FutureSituation ; :ldoce "chance", "possibility", "probability" ; :wnsense "chance4n", "likelihood1n", "likeliness1n", "possibility2n", "probability1n" ; :wordnet "chance", "likelihood", "likeliness", "possibility", "probability" ; a :MeasureType, :ProbabilityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Possibility' is a 'VerbalProbability' (subtype of 'Probability') of something occurring that is significant in the given context, and can range from 0 to 1.0; narrower range of values in this inclusive range are expresed by subtypes. Like Probability, it might be is expressed as a fraction between 0 and 1, but is usually not explicitly given a number, rather it is quantified if at all by modifiers 'a slim possibility'; 'he has a good possibility of . . .' This expresses the notion of 'Possibility' in a phrase like 'there is a possiblity that he will win' - similar in meaning to 'he has a chance of beating his opponent'. To say there is 'no possiblity' or 'no chance' means that the probability of the Event is insignificant. The numerical interpretation is highly context dependent, and probably (!) subjective. For each instance of this type, there should be some number attached (this is a subtype of 'DimensionlessRatio'), but that number can be a limit (greater or less than some number). To say that 'there is a possibility' makes no commitment about the number, except that it is not zero but likely to be less than 1.0; the default value is highly dependent on context' 'there is a possibilty that you will win the lottery' has a default value much lower than 'there is a possibility that he will win the game'. The different ranges can be expressed using subtypes. Using this type merely means that the thing characterized is not ''Impossible''. The sense of 'possibility' meaning 'something that is possible' is not included in this sense,but is represented by 'PossibleFutureSituation'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'possibility' and noun sense 4 of 'chance' and sense 1 of 'probability' and sense 1 of 'likelihood' in WordNet: 2. (18) possibility, possibleness - (capability of existing or happening or being true; 'there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired') WN 'chance': 4. (2) probability, chance - (a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible; 'the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5') WN noun 'likelihood': 1. (2) likelihood, likeliness - (the probability of a specified outcome) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbalProbability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :Possible :isTheOppositeOf :Impossible ; :ldoce "can", "could", "possible" ; :wnsense "conceivable2adj", "imaginable1adj", "possible1adj", "possible3adj", "potential1adj", "potentially1adv" ; :wordnet "conceivable", "imaginable", "possible", "potential", "potentially" ; a :MeasureType, :ProbabilityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Possible is a 'VerbalProbability', an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that may be true in some Possible World. Since that is a very loose criterion, the only things that are *literally* impossible by this criterion are things that are logically inconsistent. In common usage, a situation may be considered 'impossible' if the probabilty is extremely low. See also 'PossiblyTrue'. As a practical matter, a lower numerical probability of 0.000000001 (one in a billion) has been set, but may be changed. For the sense of 'possible' meaning that a situation does not violate the known laws of physics, use the subtype 'PhysicallyPossible'. In SUMO the attribute 'Possibility' is defined thus: Possibility 'Attribute that applies to Propositions that are possible, i.e. true in at least one possible world. For things that are possible within the known laws of physics, use the subtype 'PhysicallyPossible'. That is still a loose criterion, and for things that are 'realistically possible' we will need some range of probability measures. NOTE: 'can' and 'could' are used as labels for this adjective, though they are not attributes, because this Attribute implies that what is possible 'can happen'. NOTE: ''VerbalProbability''s have a range of levels. The subtypes under ''Possibility'' are intended to represent specific ranges of quantitative likelihood from 0.0 to 1.0. The subtypes of ''Possible'' are vaguer and depend on the believer and the context.. NOTE2: some of the below are subtypes of''TruthValue' - the relations are not yet (rev1697) carefully coordnated. *VerbalProbability **Possibility **Impossible ***LogicallyContradictory **Possible ***PhysicallyPossible ***Probable ****Certain ***Uncertain ****Debatable *****Controversial ****Doubtful *****So-called *****Unlikely ******VeryUnlkely Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'possible' in WordNet, and includes adverb sense 2 of 'possibly': in WordNet: 1. (141) possible - (capable of happening or existing; 'a breakthrough may be possible next year'; 'anything is possible'; 'warned of possible consequences') 3. (1) conceivable, imaginable, possible - (capable of being imagined; 'that is one possible answer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbalProbability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.000000001"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :PossibleEffect :en "possible effect" ; :enn "possible effect" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PossibleEffect'' is an ''Effect'' of some ''PurposefulAction'' that may or may not happen as a consequence of that Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effect, :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Possible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PurposefulAction ] . :PossibleFutureAction :en "possible future action" ; :enn "possible future action" ; a :ActionType, :ContextType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PossibleFutureAction'' is a ''HumanActivity'' that has been considered consciously, or planned or scheduled. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PossibleFutureSituation . :PossibleFutureBenefit :en "possible benefit", "possible future benefit", "potential benefit", "potential gain", "potential reward" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PossibleFutureBenefit'' is a possible but not yet actual ''Benefiting'' that might occur in the Future. This is the kind of situation that one can take advantage of by performing a ''UsingAnOpportunity'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :OpportunityCausingEvent, :PossibleFutureSituation . :PossibleFutureDanger a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PossibleFutureDanger'' is a possible but not yet actual ''DangerousSituation'' that might occur in the Future. This is the kind of situation that one takes ''Precaution'' against. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousSituation, :PossibleFutureSituation . :PossibleFutureLoss :en "possible future loss", "possible loss", "potential harm", "potential loss" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PossibleFutureLoss'' is a possible but not yet actual ''LosingSomething'' that might occur in the Future. This is the kind of situation that could motivate a ''Precaution'' Action, i.e. precautionary measure(s). Or, it could be ignored, depending on the magnitude of the loss. To represent an instance of a ''PossibleFutureLoss'' the restriction requires specifying a value for the probability of such a loss, but the probability can be verbal and vague, such as , """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LosingSomething, :PossibleFutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayConvinceAgentToAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Precaution ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasProbability ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Probability :MeasureType :ProbabilityType :VerbalProbability ) ] ] . :PossibleFutureSituation :ldoce "possibility" ; :wnsense "possibility1n" ; :wordnet "possibility" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PossibleFutureSituation is a FutureSituation, (a Process, Event, or State) that has not yet happened, but is considered as 'possible' (having a Probability greater than 0) by some speaker. Example usage: 'There is a possibility that the hurricane will hit New York.' Usually calling something 'a possibility' means that the Probability is significant, but the usage is highly dependent on context, and could be objectively low ('one possibility is that he will win the lottery'). Saying that a person or thing 'has possibilities' can be represented by this type, each of those possibilities' being an instance. Linguistically this type may also be represented by phrases such as 'there are several possible outcomes (or possible results)'; each possible outcome is an instance of 'Possibility'. NOTE: to use this sense of 'possibility' usually requires that there is some starting situation from which PossibleFutureSituation could develop; the starting situation needs to be represented (by a special relation)? @ToDo: perhaps this should be a relation on the starting situation: 'hasPossibleFuture'?? @ToDo: the possible outcomes should also be related to each other; NOTE: the 'possibility' (possible outcome) presented by one of several alternative choices (an ''AlternativeAction'' is represented by the subtype '' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'possibility' in WordNet: 1. (21) possibility - (a future prospect or potential; 'this room has great possibilities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Possible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Likelihood ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PossibleWorld :ldoce "universe", "world" ; :wnsense "cosmos1n", "creation6n", "existence2n", "macrocosm1n", "universe1n", "world1n" ; :wordnet "cosmos", "creation", "existence", "macrocosm", "universe", "world" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PossibleWorld' is some all-encompassing place and all-encompassing time in which objects exists and events happen. This is not merely a Planet, but a full universe where things can affect each other, and assertions may be true or false, but not both. Our ''RealWorld'' is one instance. There are many ''PossibleWorld''s that include fiction and hypothetical worlds, as well as projections into the future of our real World. NOTE that a ''PossibleWorld'' is its own ''SpatialRegion' (required by ''TimeAndPlace'') - ? need it be a TimeAndPlace? allValues? For our own real universe, use ''RealWorld'', one instance of 'PossibleWorld'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'world' and sense 1 of 'universe' in WordNet; it is not clear if the WordNet sense includes possible worlds, and this COSMO sense does include possible worlds: in WordNet: 1. (232) universe, existence, creation, world, cosmos, macrocosm - (everything that exists anywhere; 'they study the evolution of the universe'; 'the biggest tree in existence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeAndPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleWorld ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialRegion ] . :Possibly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Possible ; :ldoce "possibly" ; :wnsense "possibly2adv", "potentially1adv" ; :wordnet "possibly", "potentially" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'possibly' in Wordnet: 2. (1) possibly, potentially - (with a possibility of becoming actual; 'introducing possibly dangerous innovations'; 'he is potentially dangerous'; 'potentially useful') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :PossiblyTrue :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :LinguisticAssertion ; :ldoce "possible" ; :wnsense "possible1adj" ; :wordnet "possible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PossiblyTrue is a level of credibility that applies to assertions with either an unknown reliability or observations that are suggestive but not conclusive; In both cases there should be no countervailing evidence to the assertion or observation. Includes adjective senses 1,2, and 3 of 'possible' in WordNet: 1. (141) possible - (capable of happening or existing; 'a breakthrough may be possible next year'; 'anything is possible'; 'warned of possible consequences') 2. (22) potential, possible - (existing in possibility; 'a potential problem'; 'possible uses of nuclear power') 3. (1) conceivable, imaginable, possible - (capable of being imagined; 'that is one possible answer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TruthValue . :Post :ldoce "post" ; :wnsense "post4n" ; :wordnet "post" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A rigid solid rod that is much longer than it is wide, used as a support for other objects, usually as one of several Posts all supporting the same thing or parts of the same thing. A Post need not be cyclindrical, like a Pole. When in use the long dimension is oriented vertically, but it is still a Post when lying horizontal. IF it is known that a particular Post is actually vertical in place, use 'PostStuckInGround'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'post' in WordNet: 4. (2) post - (an upright consisting of a piece of timber or metal fixed firmly in an upright position; 'he set a row of posts in the ground and strung barbwire between them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :LongAndThinThing, :RigidObject, :SupportingObject . :PostCard :guid "bf2312c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mailing-card1n", "post card1n", "postal card1n", "postcard1n" ; :wordnet "mailing-card", "post card", "postal card", "postcard" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Written correspondence on (typically) a 3 x 5 inch card. Postcards often don't contain much content and are usually just a short note to say 'hi' to friends and family during vacations. A ''PostCard'' is not usually enclosed in an envelope. This is only for a mailed (and therefore ''Cancelled'') ''PostCard'' that is *not* in an envelope. The message content therefore is readable by anyone who sees it, without opening an envelope. This is an important part of the meaning that should be represented at some point. An unsent postcard should be a different type. Not specified yet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'postcard' in WordNet: 1. postcard, post card, postal card, mailing-card - (a card for sending messages by post without an envelope) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Card, :Document-Physical, :Mail, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortMessage ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cancelled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PostModern :en "post-modern" ; :enadj "post-modern" ; :wnsense "postmodern1adj", "postmodernist1adj" ; :wordnet "postmodern", "postmodernist" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'postmodern' in Wordnet: 1. postmodernist, postmodern - (of or relating to postmodernism; 'postmodernist architecture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PostOffice :en "post-office" ; :guid "bd58a587-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "post office1n" ; :wordnet "post office" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PostOffice' is a building or part of a building where some PostalService has an office that receives and delivers mail. This differs for the Cyc usage, which has a 'Postoffice' as an Organization rather than a PhysicalObject. FOr the Organization the manages this type of ''PostOffice'' use ''PostOfficeStaff''. Cyc: A collection of local government organizations. An element of #$PostOffice is a particular Post Office organization - postal station, mailing facility, or branch office - having a particular location. Note that this collection includes only government post offices, not non-government commercial shippers who offer various kinds of shipping services, sometimes including Postal services. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'post office' in WordNet: 1. (3) post office, local post office - (a local branch of the United States Post Office) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficeSpace . :PostOfficeStaff :en "post office staff" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PostOfficeStaff'' is the Organization consisting of the group of Postal Department ''Employee''s that work at a single PostOffice facility where pieces of ''Mail'' are processed: sorted, forwarded, or delivered. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PostOffice ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :PostSeason :en "postseason" ; :enn "postseason" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PostSeason''is the ''TimeInterval'' that follows this 'regulation ''PlayingSeason'' during which some series of ''GameEvent''s are played. During this ''TimeInterval'' the ''Playoff'' games are played, and a ''Champion'' wins the ''Championship''. No WN or RHW definitions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Season, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RegularPlayingSeason ; owl:onProperty :alwaysFollows ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Playoff ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ] . :PostSecondarySchool :isaSynonymOf :DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO term for 'DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitutionl'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :PostStuckInGround :guid "c0f2ad1e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "post" ; :wnsense "post4n" ; :wordnet "post" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A roughly cyclindrical object, long and thin, that is spiked into the ground. Examples; telephone poles, a fence post, sign posts, or a pylon. If a Post is referred to and it is not known if it is vertical in place, use the more general 'Post'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'post' in WordNet: 4. (2) post - (an upright consisting of a piece of timber or metal fixed firmly in an upright position; 'he set a row of posts in the ground and strung barbwire between them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :PartOfanArtifact, :Shaft, :VerticalPost, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PostWar :en "post-war" ; :wnsense "postwar1adj" ; :wordnet "postwar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PostWar'' is a subtype of ''Subsequent''that specifies that the thing (usually an Event or state) modified by the adjective occurred *subsequent to* after) some 'War''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'post-war' in Wordnet: 1. (2) postwar - (belonging to the period after a war; 'postwar resettlement'; 'postwar inflation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Subsequent . :Postage :guid "be23f962-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "postage1n" ; :wordnet "postage" ; a :MoneyTenderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A collection of #$InformationBearingThings. It has both hardcopy (i.e., #$PostageStamp) and electronic instances. An instance of #$Postage is a #$TenderObject designed to be exchanged for the sending of a #$MailableObject as an instance of #$SendingSomething. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'postage' in Wordnet; WN seems to restrict this sense to 'postage stamps', but this COSMO type includes prepaid marks on envelopes and postage printed over the internet. For the traditional postage stamp, use the subtype ''PostageStamp'': in WordNet: 2. postage, postage stamp, stamp - (a token that postal fees have been paid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TenderObject . :PostageStamp :guid "c0fd4ab3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "stamp" ; :wnsense "postage stamp1n", "postage2n", "stamp1n" ; :wordnet "postage", "postage stamp", "stamp" ; a :MoneyTenderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small piece of paper with adhesive, representing a certain amount of money paid; affixed to an envelope, it pays for delivery by a PostalService. For other type of postage used in mailing, use the parent type ''Postage''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'postage' and noun sense 1 of 'stamp' in WordNet: WN 'stamp': 1. (2) postage, postage stamp, stamp - (a token that postal fees have been paid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-OneTimeUse, :OfficialDocument, :Postage, :Sticker-Adhesive, :TenderObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PostalService ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Postal :pertainsTo :PostalAddress, :PostalCode, :PostalCodeArea, :PostalService ; :wnsense "postal1adj" ; :wordnet "postal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Postal' is an attribute of anything that has a close relation to some ''PostalService'' and the locations and operations specific to that service. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'postal' in Wordnet: 1. postal - (of or relating to the system for delivering mail; 'postal delivery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PostalAddress :ldoce "address" ; :wnsense "address6n" ; :wordnet "address" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PostalAddress identifies a location (which may be a building or part of a building, or a postal bin in some building) in the delivery region of some postal system. NOTE that we represent PostalAddresses as AbstractStrings. This does not preclude the specification of structure to the string. PostalAddresses have structure that is dependent on the Postal Authority that specifies the format. Using this Type to specify an address makes the address an object rather than a simple datatype string. The name of a PostalAddress can use the 'ADDR_' prefix, followed by the address itself, to make that address self-explanatory. A pair of underscores in the name '__'will symbolize an end-of-line character in the usual format of an address (e.g. after the street number), and an underscore should be interpreted as a space. Note that an Address that is a Building (such as a single-family residence) may have a name component following the 'ADDR_' prefix that is identical to the corresponding name component of the Building, folowing its prefix 'BLDG_', unless the building has a unique name, such as 'EmpireStateBuilding'. This type has no exactly comparable representation in WordNet; WordNet represents an 'address' in one sense as the actual location, not a string: 2. (5) address - (the place where a person or organization can be found or communicated with) The closest WordNet sense is sense 6, and that is considered as an 'instruction', which is not a parent type in COSMO: in Wordnet: 6. address, destination, name and address - (written directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddressString . :PostalCode :guid "c10ada49-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: as a UniqueID, a PostalCode identifies an individual: the individual is the postal delivery area represented gy the PostalCode. Cyc: A specialization of #$ContactInfoString. Each instance of #$PostalCode is a character string used by a postal service to designate a particular geographic area. For example, the code used by the #$USPostalService for central downtown Austin, TX, is '78701'. Important specializations of #$PostalCode include #$InternationalPostalCode and #$ZipCode.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CodeString, :UniqueID, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PostalService ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :PostalCodeArea :FIBO "Post Code Area" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeographicalArea'' served by the Post Office that serves one or more certain postal code(s). As an Area, this is the sum of ''PhysicalObjects'' in some ''GeographicalRegion'', not a volume of space. SKOS def; The physical area uniquely identified by some postal code. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea . :PostalService :guid "c10aeaa4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "post" ; :wnsense "mail service1n", "mail2n", "post10n", "postal service1n" ; :wordnet "mail", "mail service", "post", "postal service" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$PostalService is a specialization of #$LegalGovernmentOrganization and #$ShippingOrganization. Each instance of #$PostalService is an organization, usually government-run, usually national in scope, which has the main function of shipping letters and packages among people and organizations. Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'post' in WordNet: 10. mail, mail service, postal service, post - (the system whereby messages are transmitted via the post office; 'the mail handles billions of items every day'; 'he works for the United States mail service'; 'in England they call mail 'the post'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalGovernmentOrganization, :ShippingOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeliveringMail ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Postmark :en "cancellation mark" ; :enn "cancellation mark" ; :wnsense "postmark1n" ; :wordnet "postmark" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Postmark'' (typically) indicates the time and date and PostOffice at which a piece of ''Mail'' entered the postal delivery system. Each ''Postmark'' is affixed by the ''PostOfficeStaff'' at that ''PostOffice'' - even though it may be directly produced by a robotic device, the machinery is controlled by that ''PostOfficeStaff''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'postmark' in WordNet: 1. (1) postmark - (a cancellation mark stamped on mail by postal officials; indicates the post office and date of mailing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PostOfficeStaff ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PostOffice ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Postnatal :contrastsWith :Prenatal ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PostnatalEvent ; :wnsense "postnatal1adj", "postpartum1adj" ; :wordnet "postnatal", "postpartum" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Postnatal'' is a attribute of something ''Succeeding'' (coming after) a 'BirthEvent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'postnatal' in Wordnet: 1. postnatal, postpartum - (occurring immediately after birth; 'postnatal development') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Succeeding . :PostnatalEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrenatalEvent'' is any Event that occurs prior to a ''BirthEvent'' that involves the ''BirthMother''. This can be something done by the ''BirthMother'' or some medical test or procedure performed by a health care worker. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :occursAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthMother ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Postnatal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Postponement :wnsense "delay1n", "hold4n", "postponement1n", "time lag1n", "wait1n" ; :wordnet "delay", "hold", "postponement", "time lag", "wait" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a TimeInterval, although the terms may appear to refer to some sort of Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'postponement' in WordNet: 1. delay, hold, time lag, postponement, wait - (time during which some action is awaited; 'instant replay caused too long a delay'; 'he ordered a hold in the action') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intermission, :MeasurableTimeInterval . :Postponing :wnsense "defer1v", "hold over5v", "postpone1v", "prorogue1v", "put off1v", "put over2v", "set back1v", "shelve1v", "table1v" ; :wordnet "defer", "hold over", "postpone", "prorogue", "put off", "put over", "set back", "shelve", "table" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Postponing''' is a ''Delaying'' that usually includes an intention to perform or resume the Action at some specific time, Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'postpone' in WordNet: 1. (12) postpone, prorogue, hold over, put over, table, shelve, set back, defer, remit, put off - (hold back to a later time; 'let's postpone the exam') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delaying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uncertainty ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Postulate :wnsense "posit1n", "postulate1n" ; :wordnet "posit", "postulate" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Postulate' is a specification describing a structure of some system, abstract or concrete. A Postulate can be very informal and may have a very narrow scope, and be untested. It may be formulated as a Hypothesis, to explain some phenomenon, or merely be created to test the logical consequences of the Postulate, without any expectation that the Postulate describes anything that is true in the real world. The subtypes 'Hypothesis' and 'Theory' are used for less speculative Postulates. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'postulate' in WordNet: 1. (1) postulate, posit - ((logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :Information-Content, :Specification, :Thought, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Postulating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Granted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PostulatedScenario :wnsense "scenario3n" ; :wordnet "scenario" ; a :ContextType, :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PostulatedScenario'' is a ''Postulate'' that refers to a ''Scenario'' (a series of pssible FutureEvents) and is asserted as possible and considered in planning for the future. This is a 'Postuate' - a MentalObject that describes some possible FutureEvents. The FutureEvents described are represented as a ''Scenario'' RHW: an imagined or projected sequence of events, esp. any of several detailed plans or possibilities: One scenario calls for doubling profits by increasing our advertising, the other by reducing costs. WN considers a 'scenario' as a type of 'premise' but does not explicitly represent the postulated Events (for which see ''Scenario''). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scenario ' in WordNet: 3. scenario - (a postulated sequence of possible events; 'planners developed several scenarios in case of an attack') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Postulate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PossibleFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlanningEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Postulating :eng "postulating", "supposing" ; :ldoce "suppose" ; :wnsense "conjecture1v", "conjecture3n", "guess1v", "hypothesise1v", "hypothesize1v", "imagine2v", "opine2v", "posit3v", "postulate2v", "speculate1v", "suppose2v", "suppose3v", "theorize1v" ; :wordnet "conjecture", "guess", "hypothesise", "hypothesize", "imagine", "opine", "posit", "postulate", "speculate", "suppose", "theorize" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Postulating' is a type of Thinking in which an IntelligentAgent creates a Postulate, whether as a way to explain some phenomenon, or merely as a speculation to determine what the logical consequences of the Posulate would be. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'postulate' and includes parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'suppose' in WordNet; the more specific 'hypothesize' is represented as sense 3 of 'suppose': in WordNet: 2. (31) think, opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess - (expect, believe, or suppose; 'I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel'; 'I thought to find her in a bad state'; 'he didn't think to find her in the kitchen'; 'I guess she is angry at me for standing her up') 3. (17) speculate, theorize, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate, suppose - (to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; 'Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps') WN 'postulate': 2. (1) postulate, posit - (take as a given; assume as a postulate or axiom; 'He posited three basic laws of nature') WN noun 'conjecture': 3. conjecture - (reasoning that involves the formation of conclusions from incomplete evidence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Postulate ] . :Posture :wnsense "attitude2n", "position4n", "posture1n" ; :wordnet "attitude", "position", "posture" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Posture'' is a static ''BodyBearing'' describing the body's form, shape, or configuration when it is not moving: how the head or limbs relate to other parts of the body and whether the torso is straight or bent. Examples:. standing, sitting, kneeling, lying down, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'posture' in WordNet: 1. (9) position, posture, attitude - (the arrangement of the body and its limbs; 'he assumed an attitude of surrender') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyBearing, :BodyPositionEvent . :Pot :guid "bd58bb2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pot" ; :wnsense "pot1n" ; :wordnet "pot" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CookingVessel that is deeper than a FryingPan, suitable for cooking food objects in some liquid. Subtypes such as ''TeaPot'' may have the simple function of boiling water, or ''CoffeePot'' for steeping coffee grounds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pot' in WordNet: 1. (7) pot - (metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep; often has a handle and lid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingVessel, :SmallObject . :PotHolder :guid "bf355ff1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "potholder1n" ; :wordnet "potholder" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hand-sized '''Pad'' used to hold hot object such as cooking vessels, insulated to prevent the handler from getting burned. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potholder' in WordNet: 1. potholder - (an insulated pad for holding hot pots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :Pad, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Potable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf :EdibleStuff ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :DrinkingEvent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :DrinkingEvent ; :wnsense "potable1adj" ; :wordnet "potable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue ''Potable'' asserts that the subject thus characterized consists mostly of an ''EdibleStuff'', which in contrast to ''Edible'' must be a drinkable liquid. (note that poisons are also drinkable - so this is not a subtype). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'potable' in WordNet: 1. drinkable, potable - (suitable for drinking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Edible . :PotableWater a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PotableWater' is fresh water suitable for drinking by people and animals, free from harmful contaminants such as toxic substances or pathogenic biological agents.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Water-Fresh . :Potash :guid "bdb0b5bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :PotassiumCarbonate ; :isaSourceOf :Potassium ; :wnsense "potash1n" ; :wordnet "potash" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :NaturalResourceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: The mineral ''Potash'' (the 'potash' represented in CYC) is *not* 'potassium hydroxide', it is Potassium carbonate, though 'potash' is used loosely for other potassium compounds. But the WN 'potash' seems to confuse the carbonate ('used in agriculture) with the hydroxide ('caustic potash' - 'used in indstry') The hydroxide is represented by ''POtassiumHydrozide''. This sense is for the carbonate. Sense 1 and/or 4 in RHW. RHW: 1. potassium carbonate, esp. the crude impure form obtained from wood ashes. 2. potassium hydroxide. 3. the oxide of potassium, K2O. 4. potassium, as carbonate of potash. Corresponds to *part* (potassium carbonate, used in agriculture) of noun sense 1 of 'potash' in WordNet: 1. potash, caustic potash, potassium hydroxide - (a potassium compound often used in agriculture and industry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :SolidSubstance . :Potassium :guid "bd5908e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "19"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "K2n", "potassium1n" ; :wordnet "K", "potassium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of potassium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potassium' in WordNet: 1. (5) potassium, K, atomic number 19 - (a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlkaliMetal, :ChemicalElement, :SolidSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :PotassiumCarbonate :containsChemicalElement :Carbon, :Oxygen, :Potassium ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_K2CO3 ; :wnsense "potassium carbonate1n" ; :wordnet "potassium carbonate" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An inorganic salt that has potassium ions as the cations and carbonate as the anion - K2CO3. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potassium carbonate' in WordNet: 1. potassium carbonate - (a white salt (K2CO3) that is basic in solution; used to make glass and cleansing agents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Potassium ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carbon ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ] . :PotassiumHydroxide :containsChemicalElement :Hydrogen, :Oxygen, :Potassium ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_KOH ; :wnsense "caustic potash1n", "potassium hydroxide1n" ; :wordnet "caustic potash", "potassium hydroxide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An inorganic salt that has potassium ions as the cations and hydroxyl as the anion - KOH. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potassium hydroxide' in WordNet: 1. potash, caustic potash, potassium hydroxide - (a potassium compound often used in agriculture and industry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Potassium ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hydrogen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ] . :Potato :ldoce "potato" ; :wnsense "potato1n" ; :wordnet "potato" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A round edible tuber obtained from the ''PotatoPlant''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potato' in WordNet: 1. (2) potato, white potato, Irish potato, murphy, spud, tater - (an edible tuber native to South America; a staple food of Ireland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :SolanaceousVegetable, :SolidFoodObject, :Tuber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PotatoPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheTuberOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Potato-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Potato-Foodstuff :en "potatoes" ; :guid "c1007f4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Starch ; :isDerivedFrom :Potato ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Potato as a substance, in any of its edible forms. This is the main constituent of a 'Potato' and also of MashedPotatoes and FrenchFries. NOTE: MashedPotatoes is a subtype, but FrenchFries is a Dish (Object) having this as the main constituent substance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vegetable-Food . :PotatoBlight :wnsense "potato blight1n", "potato disease1n", "potato mildew1n", "potato mold1n", "potato murrain1n" ; :wordnet "potato blight", "potato disease", "potato mildew", "potato mold", "potato murrain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wikipedia: Late blight is caused by the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans, an organism that used to be considered a fungus, but is now thought to be related to algae. It is a notorious plant disease, being responsible for the Irish potato famine that led to large-scale death in the 1840s. Early blight is caused by the fungus Alternaria solani. . Both of these plant diseases can also affect tomatoes, and other members of the Solanaceae family. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potato blight' in WordNet: 1. potato blight, potato mold, potato disease, potato mildew, potato murrain - (a blight of potatoes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blight . :PotatoPlant :ldoce "potato" ; :wnsense "potato2n" ; :wordnet "potato" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A vine producing edible underground tubers called .'Potato'. This is the plant, not the edible tuber. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'potato' in WordNet: 2. potato, white potato, white potato vine, Solanum tuberosum - (annual native to South America having underground stolons bearing edible starchy tubers; widely cultivated as a garden vegetable; vines are poisonous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vine . :Potency :isAnAttributeValueOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance ; :wnsense "effectiveness2n", "potency1n", "strength7n" ; :wordnet "effectiveness", "potency", "strength" ; a :AttributeType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Potency'' is an Attribute that characterizes how effective a biologically actives substance is in having its intended effect. This may take quantiative or qulitative values. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potency' in WordNet: 1. (1) potency, effectiveness, strength - (capacity to produce strong physiological or chemical effects; 'the toxin's potency'; 'the strength of the drinks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Efficacy . :Potent :wnsense "potent3adj", "strong4adj" ; :wordnet "potent", "strong" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Potent'' is a specialized attribute of ''ChemicalSubstanceType''s or ''PhysicalSubstance''s that indicates that they are ''Effective'' at causing Physiological effects. WN adj 'strong': in WordNet: 4. potent, strong, stiff - (having a strong physiological or chemical effect; 'a potent toxin'; 'potent liquor'; 'a potent cup of tea', 'a stiff drink') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effective . :Potential :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Existence ; :wnsense "possible2adj", "potential1adj" ; :wordnet "possible", "potential" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Potential'' is an attribute characterizing something that could exist at some time in the future, but does not yet exist. Something that is 'potential' exists at the time of its being so characterized only in some ''FutureSituation''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'potential' in Wordnet: 1. (7) potential, possible - (existing in possibility; 'a potential problem'; 'possible uses of nuclear power') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistenceValue, :Nonexistent, :Possible . :PotentialCBRNEThreat :guid "f1d51bac-8724-41d7-8473-9baaf95573fd" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing . :PotentialChemicalThreat-BBNEntityType :guid "b512097e-871e-41d7-99bd-ecca04e59d8a" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection which subsumes both #$ChemicallyHarmfulSubstance and #$ChemicalWeapon.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PotentialCBRNEThreat . :PotentialEnergy :wnsense "P.E.1n", "potential energy1n" ; :wordnet "P.E.", "potential energy" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Energy available from objects in a force field, as in water above sea level, available for release when the water drops to a lower level. Charged objects in an electrical field also have potential energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potential energy' in WordNet: 1. (12) potential energy, P.E. - (the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its position; stored energy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energy . :Potentiality :wnsense "potential1n", "potentiality1n", "potentiality2n" ; :wordnet "potential", "potentiality" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :ProbabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Potentiality'' is the COSMO term for a 'potential' (noun), which is the ''Possibility'' that something *can become* something else - having a different attribute, or developing into something of a different type. ''Potential'' is a ''Possibility''of some state that *may* occur at some time in the future. This can be used as a trait of things or people to specify what they *may* become. This combines (noun) senses 6 of 'potential' in RHW: 6. a latent excellence or ability that may or may not be developed. and sense 1 of 'potential' and sense 2of 'potentiality' in WordNet: 1. (10) potential, potentiality, potency - (the inherent capacity for coming into being) WN noun 'potentiality': 2. (2) capability, capableness, potentiality - (an aptitude that may be developed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capability, :Possibility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingEvent ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ] . :Pothead :wnsense "pothead1n" ; :wordnet "pothead" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pothead'' is a ''Person'' who frequently smokes Marijuana. Not clear if this makes himorher an ''Addict''. NOTE: with recent legalization,many different types of marijuana (or ingredient THC)-containing objects are available in addition to cigarettes. Will the usage of this term change to include other uses?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pothead' in WordNet: 1. pothead - (someone who smokes marijuana habitually) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugUser, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HabituallySmokingMarijuana ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PotomacRiver :en "Potomac River" ; :flowsInto :AtlanticOcean ; :guid "bd58b59e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """scenic river of the eastern U.S.,flows past Washington DC. """ . :Potter :guid "bd5892e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "potter1n" ; :wordnet "potter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who works with clay and makes pots and ceramic dishes. SUMO: Any occupation that involves the creation of Pottery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'potter' in Wordnet: 1. (7) potter, thrower, ceramicist, ceramist - (a craftsman who shapes pottery on a potter's wheel and bakes them it a kiln) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CraftWorker, :TradeWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PotteryObject ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :PotteryObject :wnsense "pottery1n" ; :wordnet "pottery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object made of Ceramic, formed from clay and baked in a kiln. Other types of ceramic are under the parent ''CeramicArtifact''. Wordnet uses the collective term 'pottery' but that term is a subtype of object, sot it appears to mean 'pottery object' as well as pottery objects collectively. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pottery' in Wordnet: 1. (10) pottery, clayware - (ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CeramicArtifact, :DurableGood, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Potter ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Pouch :wnsense "pouch1n" ; :wordnet "pouch" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pouch'' is a small ''Bag'' (an ArtifactObject) made of flexible material like cloth or leather, or sometimes plastic (but not paper), used for carrying objects on one's person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pouch' in WordNet: 1. (1) pouch - (a small or medium size container for holding or carrying things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bag, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarryingWhileLocomoting ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Poultry :guid "bd58c9d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "domestic fowl1n", "fowl1n", "poultry1n" ; :wordnet "domestic fowl", "fowl", "poultry" ; a :AgentType, :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all domesticated farm birds bred and kept for meat or eggs. The collection #$Poultry includes members of its subsets #$Chicken, #$Turkey, #$Duck, #$Goose-Bird, etc. SUMO: A subclass of Bird that is raised for its meat or for its eggs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poultry' in WordNet: 1. (2) domestic fowl, fowl, poultry - (a domesticated gallinaceous bird thought to be descended from the red jungle fowl) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticatedAnimal, :GallinaceousBird, :Livestock, :MeatBearingAnimal . :PoundForce a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """English pound of force. The conversion factor depends on the local value of the acceleration of free fall. A mean value is used in the conversion axiom associated with this constant. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :PoundMass :isLargerBy453.6than :Gram ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "English mass unit of pounds." ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassMeasure . :Pounding :wnsense "buffeting1n", "pounding1n" ; :wordnet "buffeting", "pounding" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Pounding'' is a series of ''Blow''s on some ''SolidObject'', an Action intentionally performed by some ''Person'' or GroupOfPeople working together. NOTE: this is not for internal 'pounding' of a Heart or Headache (see ''Throbbing''), or of some machinery Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pounding' in WordNet: 1. (1) pounding, buffeting - (repeated heavy blows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventSeries, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blow ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThrobbingSound ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :PoundsPerDollar a :UnitOfMeasure . :Pouring :en "pouring" ; :ldoce "pour" ; :wnsense "pour1v" ; :wordnet "pour" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In each 'Pouring' Event an Agent manipulates a Container containing some liquid or GranularSubstance so that some or all of the contents of the container flows under gravity to another place below the container. The other place may be another container, or any surface. This is an intentional action, and accidently spilling a liquid is not an instance (see ''Spilling''). This can occur only in a gravitational field (or an equivalent acceleration field), NOTE: this is classified as a subtype of ''Dropping'', even though the 'dropped' object may be liquid or granular material dropped from a container without dropping the container. This type is for 'pouring' from a Container, so one may specify the kind of container that the substance was poured from, or just use the value 'ContainerArtifact' or a more specific king of container (e.g. 'Bucket', 'Cup', 'SaltShaker', 'Bottle') as the value for the 'hadObjectHandled' restriction, used to specify the container that the fluid was poured from. The container does not have to be an ''OpenTopContainer'' (e.g. one can pour from a salt shaker). NOTE: the restriction allows one to specify only the type of substance poured, if the quantity is indefinite. If the quantity poured is known, the object should be represented as a LiquidObject or GranularObject, with its weight specified. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pour' in WordNet: 1. (13) pour - (cause to run; 'pour water over the floor') ..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :ConveyingaFluid, :Dropping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObjectType :SubstanceType :LiquidObject :GranularObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ContainerType :ContainerArtifact ) ] ] . :PouringLiquidFromaContainer :en "pouring" ; :ldoce "pour" ; :wnsense "pour1v" ; :wordnet "pour" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PouringLiquidFromaContainer'' is a 'Pouring' in which Event an Agent manipulates a Container holding some ''Liquidsubstance'' so that some part of the contents flows out to a lower level. The difference between this and the parent ''Pouring'' is that this includes only the pouring of liquids, not of granular substances. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pouring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObjectType :SubstanceType :LiquidObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ContainerType :ContainerArtifact ) ] ] . :Pouting :eng "pouting", "sulking" ; :isanIntensiveFormOf :Disappointment ; :wnsense "brood3v", "pout1v", "sulk1n", "sulk1v", "sulkiness1n" ; :wordnet "brood", "pout", "sulk", "sulkiness" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pouting'' is displaying displeasure at being disappointed. Same as 'being in a snit'? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pout' in WordNet: 1. sulk, pout, brood - (be in a huff and display one's displeasure; 'She is pouting because she didn't get what she wanted') WN noun 'sulk': 1. sulk, sulkiness - (a mood or display of sullen aloofness or withdrawal; 'stayed home in a sulk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingUpset, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingDispleasure ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Upset ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnpleasantEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Poverty :wnsense "impoverishment1n", "poorness1n", "poverty1n" ; :wordnet "impoverishment", "poorness", "poverty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''FinancialStatus'' that a Person has who lacks a ''LivingWage'' sufficient to support modest comfort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'poverty' in WordNet: 1. (7) poverty, poorness, impoverishment - (the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialStatus, :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LivingWage ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoorPerson ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pauper ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Powder :guid "fc6d15d0-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :hasShape :Powdered ; :ldoce "powder" ; :wnsense "powder1n" ; :wordnet "powder" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance that is powdered; this is interpreted as finely divided, but can be somewhat granular, such as CornMeal. The exact granularity has not yet (r917) been defined. Cyc: A specialization of #$Granular. Instances of #$Powder are composed of many fine particles and are #$FluidTangibleThing. SUMO: Any Solid Substance which consists of loose, identical, and very small particles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'powder' in WordNet: 1. (16) powder, pulverization, pulverisation - (a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :SubstanceInaSpecificShape . :Powdered :wnsense "powdered1adj", "powdery1adj", "pulverized1adj" ; :wordnet "powdered", "powdery", "pulverized" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Powdered is the property of granular substances whose individual grains are so small that they cannot be seen and handled individually. The common flour used in baking is an example of a powdered substance. NOTE that this attribute does not necessarily imply that the powder was the product of a 'powdering' or 'pulverization' process on a larger object, it could be produced by precipitation in any fljuid, or in vacuum. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'powdered' in Wordnet: 1. (7) powdered, powdery, pulverized, pulverised, small-grained, fine-grained - (consisting of fine particles; 'powdered cellulose'; 'powdery snow'; 'pulverized sugar is prepared from granulated sugar by grinding') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Granular . :PowderedSugar :consistsOfManyOf :GrainOfSugar ; :wnsense "powdered sugar1n" ; :wordnet "powdered sugar" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sucrose in the powdered form used as a componentin preparing sweet foods. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'powdered sugar' in WordNet: 1. powdered sugar - (sugar granulated into a fine powder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :Powder, :Sugar . :PowerFailure :wnsense "power failure1n", "power outage1n" ; :wordnet "power failure", "power outage" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PowerFailure'' is a ''Breakdown'' in some equipment that causes a location to lose its electrical power supply. \"ElectricPowerGrid\" \"TransmissionLine\" \"powerTransmission\" \"powerTransmissionLine\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power failure' in WordNet: 1. power outage, power failure - (equipment failure resulting when the supply of power fails; 'the ice storm caused a power outage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Breakdown, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PowerLine ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LackingElectricalPower ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrentTransmission ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ] . :PowerGenerationComplex :guid "c10c1f07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "power plant1n", "power station1n", "powerhouse3n" ; :wordnet "power plant", "power station", "powerhouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all power-generation complexes/facilities. Typically, these may cover several acres and consist of more than one building + transformers, generators, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power plant' in WordNet: 1. (1) power station, power plant, powerhouse - (an electrical generating station) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :InfrastructureProduct, :OutdoorObject, :PowerSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ] . :PowerGrid :wnsense "grid1n", "power grid1n", "power system1n" ; :wordnet "grid", "power grid", "power system" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A multi-path System of power lines that provides backup power and increased stability for transmitting electric current that is resistant to failure of one component. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power grid' in WordNet: 1. power system, power grid, grid - (a system of high tension cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a region) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :Network, :Path-Physical, :PathArtifactSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalConduction ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransmissionLine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :PowerLifting :en "powerlift" ; :eng "powerlifting" ; a :ActionType, :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PowerLifting'' is a Competitition that includes more than one subtype of ''WeightLifting'' . No WN or RHW sense. Wikipedia 'powerlifting': Powerlifting is a strength sport that consists of three attempts at maximal weight on three lifts: squat, bench press, and deadlift. As in the sport of Olympic weightlifting, it involves the athlete attempting a maximal weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeightLifter ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeightLifting ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreeWeight ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :PowerLine :wnsense "power cable1n", "power line1n" ; :wordnet "power cable", "power line" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PowerLine'' is any ''ElectricalWire'' that conducts electric current from a source to some outlet where eletrical devices can be plugged in or attached. This is for indoor or outdoor lines. The long-distance outdoors lines are represented by subtype ''PowerTransmissionLine''. NOTE: WN seems to use 'power line' for 'distribution' - not clear where the dividing line is. See subtype ''PowerTransmissionLine'' for the outdoor long-distance transmission. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'power line' in WordNet: 1. power line, power cable - (cable used to distribute electricity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurrentTransmittingDevice, :ElectricalWire, :Path-Generic, :TransmissionLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrentTransmission ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :PowerOfAttorney :wnsense "power of attorney1n" ; :wordnet "power of attorney" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power of attorney' in WordNet: 1. power of attorney - (a legal instrument authorizing someone to act as the grantor's agent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CertificateDocument, :LegalDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lawyer ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Agent ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ] . :PowerPylon :wnsense "power pylon1n" ; :wordnet "power pylon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to the *part* of noun sense 2 of 'pylon' specific for supporting power ines, in WordNet: 2. pylon, power pylon - (a large vertical steel tower supporting high-tension power lines; \"power pylons are a favorite target for terrorists\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pylon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PowerTransmissionLine ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :PowerSaw :wnsense "power saw1n" ; :wordnet "power saw" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PowerSaw'' is a ''Saw'' in which the blades are moved by some type of power (often electric or gasoline).other than musce power. This can be for example a rotary saw - hand held or bench mounted - or a chain saw. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power saw' in WordNet: 1. (1) power saw, saw, sawing machine - (a power tool for cutting wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Saw, :SelfPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SawingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :PowerShaft :wnsense "rotating shaft1n", "shaft11n" ; :wordnet "rotating shaft", "shaft" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PowerShaft'' is a ''Shaft'' that transmits power (or motion) from or to one end that is attached to a power-driven rotating component to or from other point(s) along or on the far end of the ''Shaft''. One example is a ''Camshaft'' used in internal combustion engines, or a driveshaft in wheeled vehicles. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'shaft' in WordNet: 11. rotating shaft, shaft - (a revolving rod that transmits power or motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :PoweredDevice, :RotatableComponent, :Shaft, :TransmittingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MechanicalDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PowerSource :CYC "CurrentSource" ; :en "electric power source", "power source" ; :guid "bd58da63-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device that generates electrical power, providing current.that can be used by one or more electrical devices. CYC 'CurrentSource': A source of electrical current. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoTerminalElectricalDevice . :PowerTool :wnsense "power tool1n" ; :wordnet "power tool" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PowerTool'' is a ''MechanicalDevice'' and a ''Tool' that used some source of power to modify PhysicalObjects. It can be 'self-powered' by a fuel or a battery, or may require electricity from a land line. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power tool' in WordNet: 1. (3) power tool - (a tool driven by a motor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, :PoweredDevice, :Tool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :PowerTransmission :en "power transmission" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PowerTransmission'' is any Action by a Device that conveys power (''Energy'' in COSMO) in any form - heat,electrical,mechanical - from one location to another without the Device itself moving in space. This can be done,for example, by electrical power conduction or by mechanical power transmission (e.g. through a ''Camshaft''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Device ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Energy ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :PowerTransmissionLine :en "power transmission line" ; :enn "power transmission line" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PowerTransmissionLine'' is a ''PowerLine'' that transmits electrical power from one location to another outdoors (not indoors) for any distance. This includes high-voltage long-distance lines an more local lines form the street to a building. These different types can be distinguished as subtypes (not yet represented) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorObject, :PowerLine . :PowerTransmittingDevice :en "power transmitting device" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device that neither generates nor consumes power, but transmits it (directly or indirectly) from a PowerSource to a PowerConsumingDevice. This is generic, and can be applied to mechanical power or electrical power. In reality, every device consumes some power, though it may be quite small and not required for functioning. In mechanical devices, friction causes power loss in transmission, and in electrical devices, resistance causes power loss. But for devices that are instances of this category, the losses, though unavoidable, are incidental to the power generation on one end and power consumption on the other end. Thus a power transmitter is a form of 'Path' - for power..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Path-Simple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PowerTransmission ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :PowerUnit :wnsense "power unit1n" ; :wordnet "power unit" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power unit' in WordNet: 1. power unit - (a measure of electric power) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectromagneticUnit . :PoweredDevice a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$PoweredDevice is a device that requires some power input in order to perform its intended function(s). The power supplied might be muscle power, kinetic energy, electricity, fuel-generated, and so on. Note that #$PoweredDevice and #$NonPoweredDevice partition the collection #$PhysicalDevice.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device . :PoweredOff :isTheOppositeOf :PoweredOn ; :wnsense "off1adj" ; :wordnet "off" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PoweredOff' is the state of a ''Device'', particularly an 'ElectricalDevice' that has been turned off and cannot perform its design function, or, the state of any other powered device (such as a gas-powered mower) that has not yet had the power turned on by whatever means appropriate. See ''SwitchingaDeviceOn'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'off' in WordNet: 1. (3) off - (not in operation or operational; 'the oven is off'; 'the lights are off') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceState . :PoweredOn :en "in operation", "running" ; :isTheOppositeOf :PoweredOff ; :wnsense "on1adj" ; :wordnet "on" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PoweredOn' is the state of a ''Device'', particularly an 'ElectricalDevice' that has been turned on and is ready do something (though it may be malfunctioning); also, the state of any other powered device (such as a gas-powered mower) that has had the power turned on by whatever means appropriate. See ''SwitchingaDeviceOn'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'on' in WordNet: 1. (6) on - (in operation or operational; 'left the oven on'; 'the switch is in the on position') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceState . :Powerful :ldoce "effective", "powerful" ; :wnsense "effective1adj", "potent1adj", "powerful1adj", "powerful2adj", "powerful3adj", "powerful5adj" ; :wordnet "effective", "potent", "powerful" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Powerful' is a high degree of Capability. This is very broad, and can include the capability to perform as agent or as an instrument, and also applies to events that have an effect (a powerful explosion), but does not apply to 'Susceptibility', the ability to undergo some kind of change. NOTE that this is a subtype of 'Strong', not an intensive variant. Things that are Powerful are on average stronger than the averags 'Strong' thing, but 'Powerful' only selects those that are at the higher range of the 'Strong' types, not outside that range. This is the most general sense, including senses 1,2, 3, and 5 of 'powerful' (sense 4 is subtye ''Brawny'') in Wordnet, except for the sense of 'powerful' relating to medicines; also included is part of sense 1 of 'effective': or arguments (part of sense 1): in WordNet: 1. (19) powerful - (having great power or force or potency or effect; 'the most powerful government in western Europe'; 'his powerful arms'; 'a powerful bomb'; 'the horse's powerful kick'; 'powerful drugs'; 'a powerful argument') 2. (2) knock-down, powerful - (strong enough to knock down or overwhelm; 'a knock-down blow') 3. (2) potent, powerful - (having great influence) 5. herculean, powerful - (displaying superhuman strength or power; 'herculean exertions') WN adjective 'effective': 1. (30) effective, effectual, efficacious - (producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; 'an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation'-LewisMumford; 'effective teaching methods'; 'effective steps toward peace'; 'made an effective entrance'; 'his complaint proved to be effectual in bringing action'; 'an efficacious law') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effective, :Strong . :PowerfulAgent :ldoce "force", "power" ; :wnsense "force2n", "power6n" ; :wordnet "force", "power" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PowerfulAgent' is a non-human agent that can exercise some power to affect physical things, often without being visibly present in physical form. This is disjoint from humans, and might not be a 'PhysicalObject'. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'power' and sense 2 of 'force' in WordNet: 6. (26) power, force - (one possessing or exercising power or influence or authority; 'the mysterious presence of an evil power'; 'may the force be with you'; 'the forces of evil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :IntelligentAgent, :Object ; owl:disjointWith :Person . :PoweringAnElectricalDevice a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PoweringAnElectricalDevice' is the Action that is required to provide electrical power to an 'ElectricalDevice'. This may be by inserting a battery, or connecting to a power line (which may itself be powered by a battery or a generator, or solar cell, or etc. NOTE that some electrical devices may have built-in solar cells, and the act of 'powering' that Device will occur during manufacture, and will not normally be a matter for representation other than in manufacturing. The dwevice may still have to be turned on when in the light (or not). For turning on an electrical device see 'ChangingDeviceState' and subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OperatingaPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectricalDevice ] . :Powerless :isAnAttributeValueOf :IntentionalAgent, :ParalyzingAnOperation ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving :Inability ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Capability, :SocialPower ; :isTheOppositeOf :HavingaPower ; :wnsense "powerless1adj" ; :wordnet "powerless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Powerless'' is the attribute of a Person lacking 'power', but the WN meaning is vague as to the tpe of power. This type includes a lack of 'Capability' to do some Action as well as a lack of ''SocialPower''.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'powerless' in Wordnet: 1. (1) powerless - (lacking power) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Practical :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Practicality ; :isTheOppositeOf :Impractical ; :ldoce "practical" ; :wnsense "practical1adj" ; :wordnet "practical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something is 'practical' if it serves a useful purpose and is not much more expensive than an alternative of the same quality, and does not entail prohibitively bad things. This is a broad concept, applying to artifacts, activities, and methods (but not to people). This is also an EvaluativeAttribute; some people may consider games as a 'practical' way of amusing themselves, while others may consider them a waste of time. Except in retrospect (after observing things in practice), deciding whether something is 'practical' involves the inherently imprecise prediction of future effects. 'a pracical solution to the problem' This is closest to sense of 'practical' in RHW: 4. adapted or designed for actual use; useful: practical instructions. This sense coresponds to parts of sense 1 of 'practical' in WordNet; it excludes the sense of 'practical' as a personal trait ('a practical person') in WordNet: 1. (22) practical - (concerned with actual use or practice; 'he is a very practical person'; 'the idea had no practical application'; 'a practical knowledge of Japanese'; 'woodworking is a practical art') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suitable . :PracticalJoke :wnsense "practical joke1n" ; :wordnet "practical joke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PracticalJoke'' is a''Prank'' that is intended to mislead and surprise some ''GenericVictim'' in a harmless manner that is expected to cause amusement to onlookers, though not necessarily to the victim. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'practical joke' in WordNet: 1. practical joke - (a prank or trick played on a person (especially one intended to make the victim appear foolish)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prank, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericVictim ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :Practicality :wnsense "practicability1n", "practicableness1n", "practicality1n" ; :wordnet "practicability", "practicableness", "practicality" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Practicality'' is a subtype of the Quality ''Utility'' the Quality of a Device that can perform a function or of a Procedure that can be executed with expenditure of an acceptable level of cost and effort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'practicality' in WordNet: 1. practicality - (concerned with actual use rather than theoretical possibilities) WN noun 'practicality': 1. practicability, practicableness - (the quality of being usable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, :Utility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Practical ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Practice :wnsense "pattern2n", "practice1n" ; :wordnet "pattern", "practice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Practice is a Behavior that occurs with sufficient frequency to constitute a distinguishing characteristic for a person or group of people. It should be more frequent than other actions considered as 'Behavior', but the frequency criterion is vague. 'Pactice' differs from 'GroupPractice' in that a 'Practice' can be performed by an individual, even though it is not a 'Habit'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'practice' in WordNet: 1. (24) practice, pattern - (a customary way of operation or behavior; 'it is their practice to give annual raises'; 'they changed their dietary pattern') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Behavior . :PracticeExercise :ldoce "exercise", "practice" ; :wnsense "drill3n", "exercise3n", "exercise5v", "practice session1n", "practice1v", "practice2n" ; :wordnet "drill", "exercise", "practice", "practice session" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PracticeExercise' is a form of 'Practicing' that conforms to a predetermined specification, as with a musical exercise or an 'exercise' at the end of a chapter in a mathematics or language text. The specification is usually written or recorded in some form prior to the 'PracticeExercise' session. This is the Event caused by a 'Practicing' action. For the exercises at the back of a textbook chapter, the ''Procedure'' for executing the exercise is a ''TextbookExercise''. ? How differs from 'Practicing'? NOTE that for a specific instance, the 'PracticeProcedure' does not have to be specified, but can be. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'exercise' and sense 2 of 'practice' and sense 3 of 'drill'; and verb sense 5 of 'exercise' and verb sense 2 of 'practice' in WordNet: 3. (2) exercise, practice, drill, practice session, recitation - (systematic training by multiple repetitions; 'practice makes perfect') 5. drill, exercise, practice, practise - (learn by repetition; 'We drilled French verbs every day'; 'Pianists practice scales') WN verb 'practice': 1. (247) drill, exercise, practice, practise - (learn by repetition; 'We drilled French verbs every day'; 'Pianists practice scales') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Practicing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PracticeProcedure ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :PracticeProcedure :ldoce "exercise" ; :wnsense "exercise4n" ; :wordnet "exercise" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PracticeProcedure' is a Procedure (a specification describing a series of actions) designed to develop a person's skill at some task; an execution of such a Procedure would be a 'PracticeExercise'. Musical exercise gooks or 'Examples' in a textbook would be instances. 'Do the exercises at the back of each chapter'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'exercise' in WordNet: 4. (2) exercise, example - (a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding; 'you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PracticeExercise ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Practicing :en "practicing" ; :guid "bd58c06a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "practice" ; :wnsense "drill3v", "exercise5v", "practice1v", "practise3v" ; :wordnet "drill", "exercise", "practice", "practise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Practicing is doing an action so that one learns how to do it faster or better. This is one way of 'PreparingForSituation', specifically the situation when one must do the same Action for practical effect, not merely for learning purposes. 'Practicing' can be done once, or many times. The action may be mostly mental, such as doing multiplication in one's head, or largely physical, such as throwing a ball accurately. Q: 'How do I get to Carnegie Hall?' A: 'Practice, man, practice!' For 'practicing' a speech or ''EntertainmentPerformance'' in advance of the public performance, use ''Rehearsing'. The restriction for 'LearningHowToDoSomething' states that it creates a Skill. A single session of practice will usually not be enough for a person to learn a Skill well, so the restriction has to be interpreted as meaning that it creates *some level* of skill, which may be well below expert level. This is **not** the 'performance' sense of 'practicing' as in 'practicing medicine'. In Cyc called: Practicing-Preparing Cyc: Doing some action repetitively in order to learn it. It will someday have assertions like the following: Performer of practice does action X repetitively. Goal is to make performance of X better (#$wantsToRelnChange). Practice makes performance of activity better (for humans). During practice, stakes are not high, there is no audience or boss or teacher (exception: coaching). This unit allows us to say things like (doesInsAsJobWIthRElnType Musician24601 performer Practicing #$subEvents #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument) to say 'Musician24601 plays a musical instrument while practicing'. This way we don't have to make a silly unit like PracticingAMusicalInstrument. For more examples see specs of PerformerArtsEntertainment.- Siegel, May 17, 1996. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'practice' in WordNet: 1. (247) drill, exercise, practice, practise - (learn by repetition; 'We drilled French verbs every day'; 'Pianists practice scales') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :LearningHowToDoSomething, :PreparingForSituation . :Practitioner :wnsense "practician1n", "practitioner1n" ; :wordnet "practician", "practitioner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Practitioner'' is a Professional person who actually practices the learned profession in which s/he is an expert. This is used mostly for medical or legal practitioners. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'practitioner' in WordNet: 1. (1) practitioner, practician - (someone who practices a learned profession) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult . :Pragmatic :wnsense "hard-nosed1adj", "hardheaded2adj", "practical2adj", "pragmatic3adj" ; :wordnet "hard-nosed", "hardheaded", "practical", "pragmatic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pragmatic' is a subtype of the attribute 'Clever' that characterizes Persons or Actions that are concerned with achieving realistically achievable results rather than pursuing some ideal. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pragmatic' in WordNet: 3. hardheaded, hard-nosed, practical, pragmatic - (guided by practical experience and observation rather than theory; 'a hardheaded appraisal of our position'; 'a hard-nosed labor leader'; 'completely practical in his approach to business'; 'not ideology but pragmatic politics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clever . :Prairie :wnsense "prairie1n" ; :wordnet "prairie" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prairie'' is a ''Grassland'' that has few or no ''Tree''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prairie' in WordNet: 1. (2) prairie - (a treeless grassy plain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grassland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :lacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Treeless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PraiseText :ldoce "praise" ; :wnsense "approval4n", "commendation2n", "congratulations1n", "extolment1n", "kudos1n", "praise1n" ; :wordnet "approval", "commendation", "congratulations", "extolment", "kudos", "praise" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PraiseText' is an AbstractText that represents words spoken or written in praise of someone; this AbstractText is created by a 'Praising' event. This type can be used to record the actual words expressed in a 'Praising'. The WN 'commendation' seems to be placed arbitrarily under 'content' - this type seems closer. Includes noun sense 1 of 'praise' and sense 2 of ''commendation' in WordNet: 1. (5) praise, congratulations, kudos, extolment - (an expression of approval and commendation; 'he always appreciated praise for his work') WN noun 'commendation': 2. approval, commendation - (a message expressing a favorable opinion; 'words of approval seldom passed his lips') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Praising ] . :Praisee :en "praisee" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Praisee'' is an ''IntelligentAgent'' who is being or has been praised by another ''IntelligentAgent'', i.e. is the 'patient' (direct object) of some specific ''Praising'' Action - The Agent who is praised. Each instance of this is for one specific instance of ''Praising'' - many people can be praised for many things in different Actions. No WN sense for this word. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasThePatientInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Praising ] . :Praising :en "praising" ; :ldoce "praise" ; :wnsense "praise1n", "praise1v" ; :wordnet "praise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Praising' is a LinguisticCommunication in which an IntelligentAgent expresses a belief that another IntelligentAgent has performed some action well. This is an ''ExpressingApproval'' for some Action performed by the praisee. It can be oral or in writing. An act of Praising creates a PraiseText specific to that act,and that PraiseText is the item transferred by the Praising. The Praising does not have to be communicated to the person praised; it may be communicated to others. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of noun sense 1 of 'praise'in WordNet; the linguistic content of a Praising is represented by 'PraiseText' in WordNet: 1. (14) praise - (express approval of; 'The parents praised their children for their academic performance') WN noun 'praise': 1. (5) praise, congratulations, kudos, extolment - (an expression of approval and commendation; 'he always appreciated praise for his work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingApproval, :GivingCredit, :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :PraiseText ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :PraiseText ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Praisee ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PraisingGod :en "praising God" ; :wnsense "praise2n" ; :wordnet "praise" ; a :ActionType, :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'praise' in WordNet: 2. praise - (offering words of homage as an act of worship; 'they sang a hymn of praise to God') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worshipping . :Prana :en "prana" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Two senses in RHW: 1. Yoga, Jainism. the vital principle. 2. Yoga. one of five vital breaths moving in the body. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousOrMoralBelief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yoga ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ] . :Prancing :wnsense "cock3v", "prance1n", "prance1v", "ruffle3v", "sashay2v", "strut1n", "strut1v", "swagger1v", "swagger2n", "tittup1v" ; :wordnet "cock", "prance", "ruffle", "sashay", "strut", "swagger", "tittup" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prance' in WordNet: 1. (2) tittup, swagger, ruffle, prance, strut, sashay, cock - (to walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others; 'He struts around like a rooster in a hen house') WN noun 'prance': 1. strut, prance, swagger - (a proud stiff pompous gait) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gait, :Walking . :Prank :guid "c0fd5ea7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antic1n", "caper6n", "joke3n", "prank2n", "put-on3n", "trick4n" ; :wordnet "antic", "caper", "joke", "prank", "put-on", "trick" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A #$Prank is a mischievous trick or practical joke. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'prank' in WordNet: 2. antic, joke, prank, trick, caper, put-on - (a ludicrous or grotesque act done for fun and amusement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmusementEvent, :HumanActivity, :MisleadingEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surprise ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoyance ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amusing ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :Praseodymium :guid "bd58bdd7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "59"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Pr1n", "praseodymium1n" ; :wordnet "Pr", "praseodymium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of praseodymium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Praseodymium or PraseodymiumStuff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'praseodymium' in WordNet: 1. praseodymium, Pr, atomic number 59 - (a soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion-exchange process) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RareEarthElement, :SolidSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Prayer :ldoce "prayer" ; :wnsense "prayer4n" ; :wordnet "prayer" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an AbstractText, a formal 'prayer' that is written and published for the purpose of being used by adherents of some faith. For the text content of a specific act of praying, use 'PrayerText'. examples: 'the Lord's prayer'; the 'Hail Mary'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'prayer' in WordNet: 4. (1) prayer - (a fixed text used in praying) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :ConceptualWork . :PrayerText :ldoce "prayer" ; :wnsense "prayer4n" ; :wordnet "prayer" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the text content of a specific act of 'Praying' For a formal 'prayer' that is written and published for the purpose of being used by adherents of some faith, use 'Prayer'. This distinction is not represented in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'prayer' in WordNet: 4. (1) prayer - (a fixed text used in praying) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Praying ] . :Praying :en "praying" ; :guid "bd58eaeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pray", "prayer" ; :wnsense "pray1v", "prayer1n", "prayer2n" ; :wordnet "pray", "prayer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A formal or informal process of private worship which may or may not be carried out in a ReligiousBuilding. In a Praying, someone addresses God or some saint or other divine being believed to be capable of hearing the prayer. The restriction requires that the communication be either a Requesting, a Thanking, or a Praising; communications with deities that merely transfer information are not classified as 'Praying'. NOTE that the content a 'Praying' is usually a 'Requesting', but can be a giving thanks or a Praising.. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'pray' and to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'prayer' in WordNet NOTE the example in noun sense 1 suggests the action, but the gloss suggests the agent. This is the action - perhaps the example in sense 1 is misplaced; but in COSMO supernatural beings other than God can be addressed.: in WordNet: 1. (21) pray - (address God; say a prayer) WN noun 'prayer' 1. (5) prayer, supplication - (the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving); 'the priest sank to his knees in prayer') 2. (4) prayer, petition, orison - (reverent petition to a deity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :CulturalThing, :ReligiousEvent, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Requesting :Thanking :Praising ) ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :PrayerText ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom :SupernaturalBeing ] . :PrayingHandsGesture :en "praying hands", "praying hands gesture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrayingHandsGesture'' is a ''Gesture'' made by a Person who brings the palms of ''BothHands'' together in front of the chest, pointed upward. This is commonly performed while praying, especially at a religious service, but is also used as a ''GreetingGesture'' by some cultures, as in the Indian ''Namaste'' greeting. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothHands ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :PreHeating :wnsense "preheat1v" ; :wordnet "preheat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PreHeating'' is a ''HeatingSomething'' usually used for heating some ''HeatingDevice'', usually some kind of ''Oven'' or ''Furnace''. Corresponds to veb sense 1 of 'preheat' in WordNet: 1. preheat - (heat beforehand; 'Preheat the oven!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingSomething, :PreparingForSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HeatingDevice :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :PreSeason :wnsense "preseason1n" ; :wordnet "preseason" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PreSeason''is the ''TimeInterval'' that precedes the 'regulation ''RegularPlayingSeason'' during which some series of ''GameEvent''s are played. During this ''TimeInterval'' the teams practice and may play some ''PreSeason'' games. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preseason' in WordNet: 1. (1) preseason - (a period prior to the beginning of the regular season which is devoted to training and preparation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Season, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RegularPlayingSeason ; owl:onProperty :precedes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Practicing ; owl:onProperty :isTheTimeOfEvent ] . :Preacher :wnsense "preacher man1n", "preacher1n", "sermoniser1n", "sermonizer1n" ; :wordnet "preacher", "preacher man", "sermoniser", "sermonizer" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Preacher'' is a ''Cleric'' in some religious congregation. A ''Preacher'' may have other functions within that congregation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preacher' in WordNet: 1. (8) preacher, preacher man, sermonizer, sermoniser - (someone whose occupation is preaching the gospel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric . :Preaching :wnsense "preach1v" ; :wordnet "preach" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Preaching'' is a form of lecturing that conveys advice (ia a subtype of ''Advising''), in more or less forceful terms, and often on matters of morality. A ''Preaching'' event is not necessarily religious - In COSMO, the term ''Sermon'' is used for a ''Preaching''concerning religious matters. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'preach' in WordNet: 1. (9) preach, prophesy - (deliver a sermon; 'The minister is not preaching this Sunday') 2. (4) preach, advocate - (speak, plead, or argue in favour of; 'The doctor advocated a smoking ban in the entire house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advising, :Lecture . :PreachingaReligion :wnsense "proselytise1v", "proselytize1v" ; :wordnet "proselytise", "proselytize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PreachingaReligion'' is an ''AdvocatingaBelief'' in which what is recommended is Belief in a ''Religion''. The only difference of this from the parent type ''AdvocatingaBelief'' is the nature of the Belief advocated. NOTE: this Action can be addressed to an audience that has some members already convinced of the belief that is being advocated, but it is always done in the expectation that some listeners do not already subscribe to the advocated Belief. (if all do it is 'preaching to the choir' or 'preaching to the converted'). RHW 'proselytize': to convert or attempt to convert as a proselyte; recruit. NOTE this is an ''AttemptingActivity''. The WN sense only includes the actual conversion, but this represents the attempt at conversion. Related to part of to verb sense 1 of 'proselytize' in WordNet: 1. proselytize, proselytise - (convert to another faith or religion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdvocatingaBelief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Religion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReligiousConversion ] . :Precaution :en "precautionary measure", "precautionary measures", "take precautions", "take precautions against" ; :wnsense "precaution1n", "safeguard1n" ; :wordnet "precaution", "safeguard" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Precaution'' is an AvoidanceAction (a Physical,not a mental action) that is a preventive measure, an action or group of actions that is not aimed at an immediate threat, but at avoiding a foreseeable undesirable ''PossibleFutureLoss'' or ''PossibleFutureDanger''. Thus this type of action has a goal of ''Protecting'' something from harm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precaution' in WordNet: 1. (5) precaution, safeguard, guard - (a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.; 'he put an ice pack on the injury as a precaution'; 'an insurance policy is a good safeguard'; 'we let our guard down') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvoidanceAction, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protecting ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PossibleFutureLoss ] . :PrecautionAgainstOverlookingSomething :en "precaution against overlooking something", "taking precaution against overlooking something" ; :enn "precaution against overlooking something", "taking precaution against overlooking something" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of ''PrecautionAgainstOverlookingSomething'' can be any of various Actions such as making a note, tying a string around one's finger, setting an alarm clock, putting a note on a calendar, making or checking a ''CheckList''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Precaution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OverlookingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttemptToAvoid ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forgetting ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Precedent :wnsense "case in point1n", "precedent1n" ; :wordnet "case in point", "precedent" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Precedent'' is some Event (often an Action) that an 'Example' of that affects how likely one can consider that similar such Events occur, and, in the case of similar prior Actions, may be considered as support for the propriety of some Agent performing a similar Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precedent' in WordNet: 1. (3) precedent, case in point - (an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :Example . :Preceding :contrastsWith :Succeeding ; :wnsense "preceding1adj" ; :wordnet "preceding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Preceding'' is an attribute characterizing elements of an OrderedGroup or series of Events that 'come before' a preceding element. For time series, this is to come previously on the timeline; for Groups, abstract or physical, the order of elements depends on how the Group is created - usually, if the elements are numbered, the next lower number is the ''Preceding'' element. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preceding' in Wordnet: 1. (7) preceding - (existing or coming before) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PrecedingAnAgent :wnsense "precede1v" ; :wordnet "precede" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PrecedingAnAgent'' is an ''Antedating'' in which the Agent performing the the Action performs some HumanRole (such as a position in an Organization) that subsequently is performed by another Person. The Person performing the ''Preceding'' then can be referred to as the ''Predecessor'' (not necessarily the immediate predecessor) of the Person subsequently performing that Role. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Antedating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Predecessor ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :Precession :guid "bd92fd03-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "precession1n" ; :wordnet "precession" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Gyration of the rotation axis of a spinning object #$PerpendicularTo a #$TorqueVector being exerted to change the direction of the #$PhysicalAxis of rotation. This phenomenon is noticed most frequently in the precession of toy 'gyroscopes' or 'top' that can be set spinning and, when the spinning slows down from friction, the 'physical axis' begins to 'precess', i.e. the line of the axis points at some angle from the vertical that changes only slowly as the slowing progresses, but the direction of pointing moves at approximately the same angle from the vertical, but the top end of the ''PhysicalAxis'' moves in an approximate circle so that the direction of pointing, even if constant relative to the vertical, changes its angle relative to stationary objects in the area. This phenomenon also is reflected in the subtype ''PrecessionOfTheEquinoxes'': Bing dictionary: In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, which, similar to a wobbling top, traces out a pair of cones joined at their apices in a cycle of approximately 26,000 years Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precession' in WordNet: 1. precession - (the motion of a spinning body (as a top) in which it wobbles so that the axis of rotation sweeps out a cone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultirevolutionRotation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinningInaGravitationalField ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :PrecessionOfTheEquinoxes :wnsense "precession of the equinoxes1n" ; :wordnet "precession of the equinoxes" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precession of the equinoxes' in WordNet: 1. precession of the equinoxes - (a slow westward shift of the equinoxes along the plane of the ecliptic caused by precession of the Earth's axis of rotation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalPhenomenon, :Precession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Planet ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astronomy ; owl:onProperty :wasTheSubjectOfStudy ] . :Precinct :wnsense "precinct1n" ; :wordnet "precinct" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Precinct'' is a ''CityArea'' with borders defined for some specific administrative purpose by that City's leaders. Common examples are the subtypes ''PolicePrecinct'' and ''ElectionPrecinct''. NOTE: WN does not distinguish the Geopolitical agents from their areas or regions. This is the Agent - the same WN synset is used for area and region as well Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precinct' in WordNet: 1. (1) precinct - (a district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityDistrict, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdministeringaCity ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :PrecinctRegion :wnsense "precinct1n" ; :wordnet "precinct" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrecinctRegion'' is a ''CityArea'' with borders defined for some specic administrative purpose by that City's leaders. Common examples are the subtypes ''PolicePrecinct'' and ''ElectionPrecinct''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precinct' in WordNet: 1. (1) precinct - (a district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdministeringaCity ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Precious :isTheOppositeOf :Worthless ; :ldoce "precious" ; :wnsense "precious2adj" ; :wordnet "precious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of substances or objects that have a high degree of *monetary* value, compared with other objects of a similar type. 'precious metals', 'precious stones'. For things that are highly valued by their possessor for reasons other than monetary value, use 'Cherished'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'precious' in WordNet: 2. (3) precious - (of high worth or cost; 'diamonds, sapphires, rubies, and emeralds are precious stones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Valuable . :PreciousMetal :wnsense "precious metal1n" ; :wordnet "precious metal" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precious metal' in WordNet: 1. precious metal - (any of the less common and valuable metals often used to make coins or jewelry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Metal, :ValuableThing . :Precipitate :wnsense "precipitate1n" ; :wordnet "precipitate" ; a :RoleType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Precipitate' is a SolidSubstance that has been precipitated from a solution. It may itself be insoluble, and be precipitated as soon as it is generated by some chemical reaction, or be precipitated by reducing the temperature of a solution or by evaporating the solvent. For 'precipitation' as a weather process producing water from the sky, use 'WaterPrecipitationProcess' (or for other materials on other planets, use the parent 'PrecipitationProcess'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precipitate' in WordNet: 1. (1) precipitate - (a precipitated solid substance in suspension or after settling or filtering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PrecipitationFromSolution ] . :PrecipitationFromSolution :wnsense "precipitate1v", "precipitation2n" ; :wordnet "precipitate", "precipitation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PrecipitationFromSolution' is an Event in which some substance solidifies from a solution. It may or may not form particles small enough to settle visibly - usually it does. The formation of the solid material may be simply crystallization of a substance already in solution, or may be due to its formation in a chemical reaction. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'precipitate' in WordNet: 1. (6) precipitate - (separate as a fine suspension of solid particles) WN noun 'precipitation': 2. precipitation - (the process of forming a chemical precipitate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Precipitate ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :PrecipitationParticle :en "precipitation particle" ; :guid "bd58f4fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$InanimateThing-Natural and #$Particle. Each instance of #$PrecipitationParticle is a particle of liquid or solid water emitted by a cloud in some instance of #$PrecipitationProcess (q.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateObject-Natural, :TinyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PrecipitationProcess a :MotionType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is actually an Event, not a 'process'. This type refers to some form of material of any composition in solid or liquid form condensing in and falling from the sky - on any planet. For the familiar 'precipitation' of water (as rain, hail, snow) such as on Earth, the more specialized 'WaterPrecipitationProcess' or its subtypes should be used. This does not include precipitation of solids from liquids, as in a chemical reaction - for that type of Event (process) use 'PrecipitationFromSolution'. It is unclear whether the CYC term includes non-water processes CYC: A specialization of #$ImmediateWeatherProcess, #$FallingEvent, and #$EmittingStuff. Each instance of #$PrecipitationProcess is a meteorological process in which atmospheric clouds precipitate rain, snow, or some other form of precipitation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, :FallingEvent, :ImmediateWeatherProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :Precise :wnsense "accurate2adj", "exact2adj", "precise2adj" ; :wordnet "accurate", "exact", "precise" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an Attribute of ''MeasuringDevice''s that are able to measure with a high degree of 'precision'; and also of measurements that are *reproducible* to within a small tolerance, even though they may deviate somewhat from the reality being measured. For measurements that conform closely to the reality of what is being measured, use ''Accurate'' (which see). In general, what is often called 'precise' (of measurements) is represented in COSMO as ''Accurate'' But a device called a ''PrecisionInstrument'' is also ''Precise''. For the quality of actions that exactly or almost exactly achieve their desired effect,use 'Preciseness'. For assertions that conform to the reality of the world they are intended to represent, use 'Exact'. NOTE the distinction between ''Precise'' and ''Accurate''. ''Precise'' can be an attribute of a measurement or of a ''MeasuringDevice'', indicating that the measurements are reproducible within the expected or designed error tolerance of the instrument. ''Accurate'', however, means that the measurement actually conforms to the ***real state of the World situation*** being measured, within the expected range of error. Thus one may have very ''Precise'' measurement of, say, a length, reproducible within small error range, *but* if the measuring device is not properly calibrated, those ''Precise''measurements may deviate significantly from the actual values, which might otherwise be obtained by use of a properly calibrated instrument. In general, instruments designed for precision measurements will be properly calibrated and will give accurate values. But this distinction is sometimes necessary. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'precise' in WordNet (but see the paragraph above for the technical distinction from ''Accurate''): in WordNet: 2. (3) accurate, exact, precise - ((of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct; 'a precise image'; 'a precise measurement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :Precisely :en "right on the button" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :HighlyAccurate ; :wnsense "on the button1adv", "on the dot1adv", "on the nose1adv", "precisely2adv", "precisely3adv" ; :wordnet "exactly", "on the button", "on the dot", "on the nose", "precisely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Precisely'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that describes an action that achieves its intended result with a high level of accuracy or 'precision'. This includes measurements as well as verbal statements that precisely describe a situation in WordNet: 2. (2) precisely, exactly, on the nose, on the dot, on the button - (just as it should be; ''Precisely, my lord,' he said') 3. precisely, incisively, exactly - (in a precise manner; 'she always expressed herself precisely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Preciseness :wnsense "preciseness2n", "precision1n" ; :wordnet "preciseness", "precision" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Preciseness' is a quality of **actions** that are conducted with high proximity to the intended and desired effect, asin 'precision measurements' or 'precision manufacturing'. For the quality of instruments that measure with high accuracy, use 'Precise'. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'precision' in WordNet: 1. (15) preciseness, precision - (the quality of being reproducible in amount or performance; 'he handled it with the preciseness of an automaton'; 'note the meticulous precision of his measurements') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Precision :guid "bd58e72e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "preciseness2n", "precision1n" ; :wordnet "preciseness", "precision" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type is interpreted as an attribute of a measurement, or of some QuantitativeAttributeValue of an Object. This is not the 'precision' that is an attribute of some person's action. That quality is the QualitativeAttributeValue 'Precise'. A precision will usually be expressed as the standard deviation of a measurements or of the QuantitativeAttribute of some set of similar objects manufactured, e.g. '+-0.01 inch'. The Cyc term 'Precision' is also closer in meaning to the COSMO 'Precise'. Cyc: The collection of attributes that represent levels of precision needed to perform some activity accurately, i.e., within a narrow tolerance, whether those bounds be spatial (as for physical movements), perceptual, or intellectual. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precision' in WordNet: 1. (15) preciseness, precision - (the quality of being reproducible in amount or performance; 'he handled it with the preciseness of an automaton'; 'note the meticulous precision of his measurements') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercentageAttributeValue . :PrecisionInstrument :en "precision instrument" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MeasuringDevice'' designed to make measurements that are ''Precise''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasuringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Precise ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Precondition :wnsense "precondition3n" ; :wordnet "precondition" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Precondition' is an Event or EventType (past Event or PersistentState) that is a ''Requirement'' for something to happen,or something to be done. This is the subtype of ''Requirement'' for Events,alternate to ''Necessity'' which is the subtype for Objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'precondition' in WordNet: 3. precondition - (a condition that is a prerequisite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :Requirement . :Predator :guid "bd588a49-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "predator1n" ; :wordnet "predator" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An organism which preys on living animals. Not for the metaphorical sense. @ToDo: needed for sociological uses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predator' in WordNet: 2. predator, predatory animal - (any animal that lives by preying on other animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WildAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Predatory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Preying ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Predatory :isAnAttributeValueOf :Predator ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Preying ; :wnsense "predatory2adj", "rapacious1adj", "raptorial2adj", "ravening1adj", "vulturine1adj", "vulturous1n" ; :wordnet "predatory", "rapacious", "raptorial", "ravening", "vulturine", "vulturous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'predatory' in Wordnet: 2. predatory, rapacious, raptorial, ravening, vulturine, vulturous - (living by preying on other animals especially by catching living prey; 'a predatory bird'; 'the rapacious wolf'; 'raptorial birds'; 'ravening wolves'; 'a vulturine taste for offal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Predecessor :wnsense "predecessor1n" ; :wordnet "predecessor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Predecessor'' is a Person who 'precedes' (in time) another Person (a''Successor'') in the Action of filling a HumanRole i.e. the state of the ''Predecessor'' .filling a Role is related by property ''precedes'' to the state of the ''Successor'' filling that Role. See the inverse correlated Role ''Sucessor''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predecessor' in WordNet: 1. (4) predecessor - (one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrecedingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Predicament :wnsense "plight1n", "predicament1n", "quandary1n" ; :wordnet "plight", "predicament", "quandary" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Predicament'' is a ''DifficultSituation'' that specifically involves a person and requires some Action that will not be simple to perform,in order to resolve the associated ''ProblemToBeSolved''. The problem may notin practice be feasible to solve. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predicament' in WordNet: 1. (1) predicament, quandary, plight - (a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying one; 'finds himself in a most awkward predicament'; 'the woeful plight of homeless people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DifficultSituation, :ProblemSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Predicate a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Predicate is a sentence-forming Relation, distinguished from a Function in the SUMO dialect. For 'predicate' in the grammatical sense where a sentence is formed from a subject and predicate, see 'PredicatePhrase'. . SUMO: Each tuple in a Predicate is a finite, ordered sequence of objects. The fact that a particular tuple is an element of a Predicate is denoted by '(*predicate* arg_1 arg_2 .. arg_n)', where the arg_i are the objects so related. In the case of BinaryPredicates, the fact can be read as 'arg_1 is *predicate* arg_2' or 'a *predicate* of arg_1 is arg_2'. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation'/) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :PredicatePhrase :ldoce "predicate" ; :wnsense "predicate1n", "verb phrase1n" ; :wordnet "predicate", "verb phrase" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PredicatePhrase is the abstract InformationContent of a 'VerbPhrase' (a linguistic structure), which contains a verb and (possibly) some object. A PredicatePhrase can combine with some semantically appropriate argument (which serves in the role of a Subject in a linguistic sentence) to form a full Assertion. Just as a Sentence can be represented as NP + VP (noun phrase followed by VerbPhrase), an Assertion can be represented as the concatenation of any semantic entity with a PredicatePhrase. A PredicatePhrase is the logical equivalent of a grammatical 'predicate' in those formulations that represent a sentence as consisting of a 'subject and predicate'. NOTE that in COSMO 'PredicatePhrase' is not necessarily a text, though it could be; a 'sentence' can be logically represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verb phrase' and senses 1 and 2 of 'predicate' in WordNet: 1. predicate, verb phrase - (one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements) WN noun 'predicate': 1. predicate - ((logic) what is predicated of the subject of a proposition; the second term in a proposition is predicated of the first term by means of the copula; ''Socrates is a man' predicates manhood of Socrates') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VerbPhrase ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Predictable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Predicting ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Predicting ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unpredictable ; :wnsense "predictable1adj" ; :wordnet "predictable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Events that can be predicted, given the information available to a particular agent; this notion of 'predictability' needs to be referenced to some particular agent, but by default the agent may be considered to be a typical adult person. This attribute does not imply that something can be predicted by anyone - some information is uusually required to make things predictable. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'predictable' in WordNet: 1. (5) predictable - (capable of being foretold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Predictably :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Predictable ; :pertainsTo :HumanActivity ; :wnsense "predictably1adv" ; :wordnet "predictably" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'predictably' in Wordnet: 1. predictably - (in a predictable manner or to a predictable degree; 'predictably, he did not like the news') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Predicted :isAnAttributeValueOf :Prediction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Predicting ; :wnsense "foreseen1adj", "foretold1adj", "predicted1adj" ; :wordnet "foreseen", "foretold", "predicted" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Predicted'' is the attribute of something that is expected because of a ''Predicting'' event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'predicted' in WordNet: 1. (1) foreseen, foretold, predicted - (known beforehand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PredictedEvent a :FutureSituationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PredictedEvent'' is a ''FutureSituation'' which some agent has predicted (it is the topic of a ''Prediction''). The predicted occurrence of the Event may be conditioned on some controlling circumstances, as in a scientific theory. NOTE that this is a ''FutureSituation'' when the Promise is made, and when the Promise is kept (see ''KeepingaPromise'') it is realized by an executed Action or PersistentState. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :FutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Predicted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Predicting :wnsense "anticipate4v", "call14v", "forebode1v", "foretell2v", "predict1n", "prognosticate1v" ; :wordnet "anticipate", "call", "forebode", "foretell", "predict", "prognosticate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Predicting' is a subtype of ''Foreseeing'', (a type of ''Guessing'') in which the agent of the action has sufficient Belief in the ''Foreseeing'' result that s/he communicates that result to someone else (or makes a record of it). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predict' in WordNet: 1. (29) predict, foretell, prognosticate, call, forebode, anticipate, promise - (make a prediction about; tell in advance; 'Call the outcome of an election') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foreseeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prediction ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Communication ] . :Prediction :wnsense "forecasting1n", "foretelling1n", "prediction2n", "prognostication2n" ; :wordnet "forecasting", "foretelling", "prediction", "prognostication" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Prediction'' is a LinguisticAssertion about some expected Event that is/was in the future (at the time the Prediction was made). This type of 'Assertion' has as its Topic an 'Expectation' about some 'FutureSituation'. Since every 'Expectation' has as its Topic a 'FutureSituation', the restriction on 'hasTopic' will include a reference to the 'FutureSituation' that is expected and predicted. NOTE that a 'Prediction' may be uncertain and have a probability value attached to it, and that can be asserted by the use of the 'hasProbability' relation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'prediction' in WordNet: 2. prediction, foretelling, forecasting, prognostication - (a statement made about the future) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expectation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PredictedEvent :FutureSituation :FutureSituationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Predicted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Predicting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Predictive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Prediction, :PredictiveInformation ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Predicting ; :wnsense "predictive1adj", "prognostic1adj", "prognosticative1adj" ; :wordnet "predictive", "prognostic", "prognosticative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'predictive' in Wordnet: 1. (2) predictive, prognostic, prognosticative - (of or relating to prediction; having value for making predictions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PredictiveInformation :wnsense "predictor2n" ; :wordnet "predictor" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PredictiveInformation'' is 'EvidentiaryInformation' that provides evidence for or allows prediction of some future event. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'predictor' in WordNet: 2. predictor - (information that supports a probabilistic estimate of future events; 'the weekly bulletin contains several predictors of mutual fund performance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvidentiaryInformation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Predictive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Predominantly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :MostCommon ; :wnsense "predominantly1adv", "preponderantly1adv" ; :wordnet "predominantly", "preponderantly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Predominantly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that the relative frequency of the attribute modified is greater than 0.5, that is, this is the most common attribute of that type for the entity being discussed. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'predominantly' in WordNet: 1. (2) predominantly, preponderantly - (much greater in number or influence; 'the patients are predominantly indigenous') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Prefect :wnsense "prefect1n" ; :wordnet "prefect" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prefect' in WordNet: 1. prefect - (a chief officer or chief magistrate; \"the prefect of Paris police\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Administrator, :OfficerInOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prefecture ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :Prefecture :guid "be5b1ed5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prefecture1n" ; :wordnet "prefecture" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a collection of major geopolitical sub-regions analogous to a #$State-UnitedStates in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prefecture' in WordNet: 1. prefecture - (the district administered by a prefect (as in France or Japan or the Roman Empire)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, :Jurisdiction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prefect ; owl:onProperty :hasLeader ] . :Preferably :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Horrible, :Preferred ; :ldoce "instead", "rather" ; :wnsense "instead2adv", "preferably1adv", "rather1adv", "rather3adv", "sooner1adv" ; :wordnet "instead", "preferably", "rather", "sooner" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Preferably'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that asserts that the assertion characterized is the most ''Preferred'' manner to achieve a desired goal (according to the speaker). NOTE: the usages in sense 1 may not appear in a syntactically simple form: 'instead of' and 'rather than' act as prepositions introducing a phrase, and 'would rather' may be used in the sense intended here. Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'rather' in Wordnet: 1. (59) rather, instead - (on the contrary; 'rather than disappoint the children, he did two quick tricks before he left'; 'he didn't call; rather (or instead), he wrote her a letter'; 'used English terms instead of Latin ones') 3. (6) preferably, sooner, rather - (more readily or willingly; 'clean it well, preferably with warm water'; 'I'd rather be in Philadelphia'; 'I'd sooner die than give up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Preference :wnsense "preference1n", "preference2n" ; :wordnet "preference" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Preference' is a Desire to achieve only some subset of possible future states - often only one state out of two possible states. This type applies to preferences for having an object, using a particular object, or performing certain actions, or for avoiding certain conditions ('I prefer a non-smoking room'). Both the noun 'preference' and verb 'prefer' are represented by this type: to 'prefer something' is to 'have a preference', meaning that one has a feeling of preferring one thing to another. The Preference is for a state, but it is often expressed as a 'preference' for an Object, and the whole senstence or context must be used to determine what role that Object would play in the desired situation: a preference for food is a preference to eat certain types of food; a preference for an object may simply be to own the object, or to view it, or to use it in some action 'the carpenter preferred a power screwdriver to the hand tool' (i.e. for driving screws) There are various ways to exress a Preferne, and the various synsets used to label this type have distinguishable meanings. @ToDo: need to disentangle these synsets. In WordNet a 'preference' is a subtype of 'liking', but in COSMO it is not necessary to like something to prefer it - a choice may be the lesser of two evils, or merely a belief in its superiority for some purpose. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'preference' and verb sense 1 of 'prefer' in WordNet; in WordNet: 1. (2) preference, penchant, predilection, taste - (a strong liking; 'my own preference is for good literature'; 'the Irish have a penchant for blarney') 2. (2) predilection, preference, orientation - (a predisposition in favor of something; 'a predilection for expensive cars'; 'his sexual preferences'; 'showed a Marxist orientation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Preferring ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :PreferenceForAction :ldoce "instead", "rather" ; :wnsense "instead2adv", "rather1adv" ; :wordnet "instead", "rather" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PreferenceForAction' is a Preference that motivates an agent to take one particular Action instead of another; the phrases 'instead of' or 'rather than' mark the action that was *not* taken, in favor of the preferred action; 'rather' or 'instead' by itself marks the preferred action. For this type, the linguistic markers are not themselves the instances of the Preference, but signal the existence of a preference for some action, and mark the action that was or was not preferred. Includes noun sense in WordNet: 1. (59) rather, instead - (on the contrary; 'rather than disappoint the children, he did two quick tricks before he left'; 'he didn't call; rather (or instead), he wrote her a letter'; 'used English terms instead of Latin ones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorPreference . :Preferred :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Preferring ; :wnsense "preferable1adj", "preferred1adj" ; :wordnet "preferable", "preferred" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Preferred'' is the attribute of something that is the *object (*patient) of a ''Preferring'' action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preferred' in Wordnet: 1. (1) preferable, preferred - (more desirable than another; 'coffee is preferable to tea'; 'Danny's preferred name is 'Dan'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PreferredThing :en "preference" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PreferredThing' is the first of two alternatives in an AlternativePair, and, when there are differences in preference or utility, this will be the best choice or 'first choice'. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'preference' in RHW, but no WordNet synset seems to have this exact meaning. 3. that which is preferred; choice: His preference is vanilla, not chocolate. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlternativeThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAlternative ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstituteThing ] . :Preferring :en "preferring" ; :wnsense "prefer1v" ; :wordnet "prefer" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Preferring' is a ''Liking'' (a StaticSituation) in which an agent has a stronger feeling of 'Liking'. for one entity rather than some other(s). This implies a Feeling of ''Approval'' for the thing preferred, at least as the better of two choics (or the least of two or more evils). The list of alternatives can be two or any higher number. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'prefer' in WordNet: 1. (22) prefer - (like better; value more highly; 'Some people prefer camping to staying in hotels'; 'We prefer sleeping outside') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approval-Emotion, :Liking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ListOfAlternatives ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExpressingApproval ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreferredThing ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ] . :PreferringVegetarianCuisine :en "preferring vegetarian cuisine" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PreferringVegetarianCuisine''is a 'Preferring' in which the thing preferred is ''VegetarianCuisine'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preferring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VegetarianCuisine ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vegetarian ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :Prefix :wnsense "prefix1n" ; :wordnet "prefix" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A part of a word preceding a string which itself forms a full word, or is the root of a full word. It may be part of a full word, as in 'milligrams' or of an abbreviated word, as in mg for 'milligrams'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prefix' in WordNet: 1. (11) prefix - (an affix that is added in front of the word) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticObject, :WordString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Word ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPartOf ] . :Pregnancy :en "be carrying", "be expecting", "be with child" ; :guid "c0fd56df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pregnancy1n" ; :wordnet "pregnancy" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PhysiologicalConditionType. Each instance of #$Pregnancy is a #$PhysiologicalCondition in which a #$Female #$Mammal carries developing offspring within her/its #$Uterus. Instances of #$Pregnancy are normally brought to an end with an instance of #$BirthEvent. @mod61 NOTE: this is a ''Pregnancy'' (a ''PhysiologicalCondition'') from the point of view of the female carrying the fetus. For the point of view of the fetus, see ''EmbryonicDevelopment'') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pregnancy' in Wordnet, and to sense 5 of the verb'expect: in WordNet: 1. pregnancy, gestation, maternity - (the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus) WN verb 'expect': 5. (7) have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate, expect - (be pregnant with; 'She is bearing his child'; 'The are expecting another child in January'; 'I am carrying his child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleMammal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impregnation ; owl:onProperty :isInitiatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pregnant ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTerminatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :GestationPeriod ] . :PregnancyTermination :wnsense "miscarriage2n" ; :wordnet "miscarriage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PregnancyTermination'' is a ''PrematureTermination'' of a ''pregnancy'',which can be natural (miscarriage) or induced (''Abortion'') For the clinical or induced abortion, use the subtype ''Abortion''. Includes noun sense 2 of 'miscarriage' in WordNet: 2. spontaneous abortion, miscarriage, stillbirth - (a natural loss of the products of conception) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PrematureTermination, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pregnancy ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ] . :Pregnant :en "carrying", "expecting", "with child" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Pregnancy ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Impregnation ; :wnsense "pregnant1adj" ; :wordnet "pregnant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pregnant'' is an AttributeValue of an organism that is in a state of ''Pregnancy''. This applies to any female Mammal. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'pregnant' in WordNet: 1. (3) pregnant - (carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abnormal . :Prehistoric :isTheOppositeOf :Recent ; :wnsense "prehistoric1adj", "prehistorical1adj" ; :wordnet "prehistoric", "prehistorical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prehistoric'' is an attribute of Events that occurred or objects that existed in a TimeInterval before recorded history (before 10,000 BC). If an object existed back then and still exists, it will also be ''Ancient''. But not all ''Ancient'' things are ''Prehistoric''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prehistoric' in Wordnet: 1. (1) prehistoric, prehistorical - (belonging to or existing in times before recorded history; 'prehistoric settlements'; 'prehistoric peoples') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Preindustrial :en "preindustrial", "undeveloped" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Country ; :isTheOppositeOf :Industrialized ; :wnsense "agrarian1adj", "agricultural2adj", "nonindustrial1adj" ; :wordnet "agrarian", "agricultural", "nonindustrial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Preindustrial'' is an attribute of nations or geographical regions whose economy depends mostly on agriculture or hunting/gathering Includes adjective sense 1 of 'nonindustrial' and part of adjective sense 2 of 'agricultural' in WordNet: 1. nonindustrial - (not having highly developed manufacturing enterprises; 'a nonindustrial society') WN adj'agricultural': 2. agrarian, agricultural, farming - (relating to rural matters; 'an agrarian (or agricultural) society'; 'farming communities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Preliminary :contrastsWith :Final, :Intermediate ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :wnsense "preliminary1adj" ; :wordnet "preliminary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Preliminary'' is an attribute of some Event in a series of events, (as few as two) specifying that it is the earliest in time of that series. A ''Preliminary'' Action may also have the character of a 'test' or 'trial' but subtypes may be required to be that specific. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preliminary' in Wordnet: 1. (11) preliminary - (designed to orient or acquaint with a situation before proceeding; 'a preliminary investigation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Initial . :Prelude :wnsense "prelude1n" ; :wordnet "prelude" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RapidOnset'' is a ''BeginningOfAnEvent'' that precedes and either is one part of an ActionSeries that is an execution of the initial part of some ''Procedure'', or has some causal effect that causes a subsequent Event. This is broadly applicable to any Even that precedes another Event and has some close relationship to the subsequent Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prelude' in WordNet: 1. (1) preliminary, overture, prelude - (something that serves as a preceding event or introduces what follows; 'training is a necessary preliminary to employment'; 'drinks were the overture to dinner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeginningOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sequel ; owl:onProperty :precedes ] . :Premature :wnsense "premature3adj", "untimely2adj" ; :wordnet "premature", "untimely" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Premature'' is an attribute of Events that occur at a time before they are scheduled or expected or normally occur. The adverb sense 2 of 'early' in WN includes words that might be used as adjectives in this sense: 2. (6) early, ahead of time, too soon - (before the usual time or the time expected; 'she graduated early'; 'the house was completed ahead of time') as in 'the meeting came to an early end' 'an early dearture helped us get there on time' Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'premature' in WordNet: 3. premature, untimely - (uncommonly early or before the expected time; 'illness led to his premature death'; 'alcohol brought him to an untimely end') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unusual . :PrematureTermination :wnsense "conclusion6v", "termination5n" ; :wordnet "conclusion", "termination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrematureTermination'' is a ''StoppingEvent'' in which the Event stopped would have had a normal (''Conventional'') or natural ''EndPointOfAnEvent'', or could have continued except for the Action of some agent or agentive natural Event, Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'termination' in WordNet: 5. termination, ending, conclusion - (the act of ending something; 'the termination of the agreement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :StoppingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Event ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Premature ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Prematurely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Premature ; :wnsense "prematurely2adv", "untimely1adv" ; :wordnet "prematurely", "untimely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prematurely'' is an adverb typically modifying a past form of verb or past participle characterizing an Event that occurred sooner than it was planned or too soon to have the full intended effect. NOTE: 'prematurely' haraterizing a ''BirthEvent'' is represented as the subtype ''Prematurely-OfBirth'' Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'prematurely' in Wordnet: 2. prematurely, untimely - (too soon; in a premature manner; 'I spoke prematurely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Prematurely-OfBirth :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Premature ; :wnsense "prematurely1adv" ; :wordnet "prematurely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prematurely-OfBirth'' is a subtype of 'Prematurely'' characterizing a ''BirthEvent'' that occurred before the fetus had reached full term (about nine months). Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'prematurely' in Wordnet: 1. prematurely - ((of childbirth) before the end of the normal period of gestation; 'the child was born prematurely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prematurely . :Premier :hasSequentialOrder :First ; :wnsense "premier2adj", "premiere1adj" ; :wordnet "premier", "premiere" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something that is ''Premier'' is the first of its type that is made known to or available to the public. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'premier' in Wordnet: 2. premier, premiere - (preceding all others in time; 'the premiere showing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FirstOfaSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :First ; owl:onProperty :hasSequentialOrder ] . :Premiere :wnsense "premiere1n" ; :wordnet "premiere" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Premiere'' is an ''EntertainmentPerformance'' that is the first public showing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'premiere' in WordNet: 1. (1) premiere - (the first public performance of a play or movie) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Premier ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Premises :en "antecedent", "premises" ; :wnsense "assumption1n", "premise1n" ; :wordnet "assumption", "premise" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Assertion (which may be a combination of Assertions) which is an ''Assumption'' that is taken as a given in a Deductive Reasoning process, and, in combination with the reasoning process, is the Justification of a Conclusion (or inference). This is the Antecedent of a DeductiveArgument. For ''Premises' that are used in an IF-THEN logical assertion use the subtype ''Antecedent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'premise' in Wordnet: 1. (1) premise, premiss, assumption - (a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; 'on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not play') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, :Assumption . :Prenatal :contrastsWith :Postnatal ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PrenatalEvent ; :wnsense "antenatal1adj", "antepartum1adj", "prenatal1adj" ; :wordnet "antenatal", "antepartum", "prenatal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prenatal'' is a attribute of something ''Preceding'' a 'BirthEvent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prenatal' in Wordnet: 1. prenatal, antenatal, antepartum - (occurring or existing before birth; 'the prenatal period'; 'antenatal care') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preceding . :PrenatalEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrenatalEvent'' is any Event that occurs prior to a ''BirthEvent'' that involves the ''BirthMother''. This can be something done by the ''BirthMother'' or some medical test or procedure performed by a health care worker. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthMother ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prenatal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Preoccupation :wnsense "absorption6n", "engrossment2n", "preoccupancy1n", "preoccupation2n" ; :wordnet "absorption", "engrossment", "preoccupancy", "preoccupation" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Preoccupation'' is a ''MentalState'' in which a Person thinks *mostly* about some specific topic (of any kind), while other possible topics are ignored or given less time or importance. For an even more focused ''Thinking'' about some topic use subtype ''Concentrating''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preoccupation' in WordNet: 2. (1) preoccupation, preoccupancy, absorption, engrossment - (the mental state of being preoccupied by something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, :Thinking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SituationProcessEventOrState ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Preoccupied ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Preoccupied :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Preoccupation ; :wnsense "bemused1adj", "deep in thought1adj", "lost7adj", "preoccupied1adj" ; :wordnet "bemused", "deep in thought", "lost", "preoccupied" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Preoccupied'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preoccupied' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bemused, deep in thought, lost, preoccupied - (deeply absorbed in thought; 'as distant and bemused as a professor listening to the prattling of his freshman class'; 'lost in thought'; 'a preoccupied frown') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive, :Engrossed . :Preparation :wnsense "formulation1n", "preparation2n" ; :wordnet "formulation", "preparation" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Preparation'' is a ''PhysicalSubstance'' prepared by mixing and possibly treating (by grinding, heating, reaction or other) two or more substances by some procedure to make a PhysicalSubstance for some purpose. This is a very general sense of 'preparation'. this sense can be used to discuss the relative properties of a chemical substance that are prepared by different procedures, or can represent some mixture preopared for medicinal use at a pharmacy. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'preparation' in WordNet: 2. (7) formulation, preparation - (a substance prepared according to a formula) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Role . :Preparatory :isAnAttributeValueOf :PreparingForSituation, :Training ; :wnsense "preparative1adj", "preparatory1adj", "propaedeutic1adj" ; :wordnet "preparative", "preparatory", "propaedeutic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Preparatory'' is the attribute of a ''PreparingForSituation'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preparatory' in Wordnet: 1. preparatory, preparative, propaedeutic - (preceding and preparing for something; 'preparatory steps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Prepared :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PreparingForSituation ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unprepared ; :wnsense "prepared1adj" ; :wordnet "prepared" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prepared'' is an AttributeValue of a Agent or Place that experienced a ''PreparingForSituation'' Action of some kind involving adding or modifying *physical* objects,, and therefore is capable of being used for some task. NOTE: this is not for food or for intellectual preparation; for intellectual preparedness use ''MentallyPrepared''.. Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'prepared' in Wordnet: 1. (14) prepared - (made ready or fit or suitable beforehand; 'a prepared statement'; 'be prepared for emergencies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prepared, :Ready . :PreparedFood a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: A subtype of Food-ReadyToEat, which has had some kind of preparation for eating. This excludes freshly plucked fruits or vegetables eaten without preparation, but does not require cooking. COSMO note: we equate the SUMO 'PreparedFood' with this Type, though in SUMO it is defined as 'Cooked', yet has subtypes like Dough and Butter which are not cooked. This term may be useful to express the same idea as 'ready to Eat', with the additional restriction that it has been prepared in some way.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food-ReadyToEat, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparedFoodStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PreparedFoodAttribute a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PreparedFoodAttribute'' is the parent AttributeValue for the style of preparation of foods, such as the style of cooking or presentation or degree of fragmentation (mashed, diced). @ToDo1291 20171215 """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PreparedFoodStuff a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PreparedFoodStuff'' is a ''Food'' (a substance) that has been processed in some way from its natural (animal or vegetable) state other than being cut away from an animal or picked from the plant. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance . :PreparingABeverage :en "making a drink", "preparing a drink" ; :guid "bd58ea35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Making a batch of something drinkable." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparingFoodItem, :PreparingFoodOrDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Beverage :BeverageType ) ] ] . :PreparingFoodItem :guid "bd58ad9d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cookery1n" ; :wordnet "cookery" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodItem is an event in which a single item of #$Food is prepared to make it ready to eat. For example, instances of #$MakingToast, roasting a turkey, or #$BakingBread. COSMO note: the WordNet 'cookery' is interpreted boadly to include any style of food preparation, whether or not it involves cooking - salad preparation is included. For food preparation specifically involving cooking, use ''CookingFood''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cookery' in Wordnet: 1. cooking, cookery, preparation - (the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat; 'cooking can be a great art'; 'people are needed who have experience in cookery'; 'he left the preparation of meals to his wife') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparingFoodOrDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :FoodType :FoodObject ) ] ] . :PreparingFoodOrDrink :guid "bd58b6ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO, this is a mostly physical Event, not mental. Link to 'preparingforSituation' is removed. NOTE that the restriction specifies that this Action may be an execution of a ''Recipe''. Perhaps all ''PreparingFoodOrDrink'' actions are executions of a ''Recipe'', but the Recipe may be something only briefly in the mind of the preparer, and that would not justify making this a required link. Cyc: A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an instance of #$FoodOrDrink is created. An instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink may be an event in which preparation is done 'from scratch', using raw ingredients, or it may be an event in which semi-prepared or 'convenience' products (such as cake mixes, margarita mixes, or frozen foods) are used. Typical sub-events (see the predicate #$subEvents) in instances of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink include activities commonly performed by cooks and/or bartenders, including instances of #$ChoppingSomething, #$CookingFood, #$BakingFood, or #$MixingAlcoholicDrinks. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink ends when the item prepared is ready to eat. Notable specializations of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink include #$GrillingFood, #$SteamingFood, and #$PreparingABeverage.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :MakingaPhysicalObject, :PhysicalTransformationEvent, :PreparingForSituation, :PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink, :ProcessiveEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingEvent ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recipe ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FoodOrDrink :FoodObject :FoodType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :PreparingForSituation :causes :Readiness ; :en "prep" ; :eng "prepping" ; :env "prep" ; :guid "bd95024d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "prepare" ; :wnsense "preparation1n", "prepare1v", "readying1n" ; :wordnet "preparation", "prepare", "readying" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: each instance of 'PreparingForSituation' usually starts with some instance of 'MakingaPlan',which would be a subevent of the 'PreparingForSituation' event; i.e. in COSMO, preparing includes planning as a part, and each 'PreparingForSituation' is guided to some extent by a Plan, whether detailed or vague. See 'MakingaPlan' for the formal restriction. NOTE: 'PreparingForSituation' can involved preparing people to handle a specific situation or some type of situation, and this would be a mental preparation. 'PreparingForSituation' also includes preparing objects to be more suitable for some purpose (e.g. preparing a room for a meeting by arranging chairs and audiovisual equipment; or sharpening a knife; or cooking food=preparing food for eating). When preparing people for Actions, this includes either preparing oneself or preparing someone else, or both. A special kind of preparing someone else is 'Training', which is a subtype of this type. NOTE also that, although this type includes the notion of 'preparing' objects or places for some Event, it does not include the act of creating something in a condition where it is already ready for some Event. To be a 'PreparingForSituation' the preparing action must make some modification of the thing that is being prepared, subsequent to its intial creation. This is broader than the Cyc type, including preparation of things and places as well as people. Cyc: The collection of #$PurposefulActions in which an agent prepares for a situation (#$Situation). The action can be entirely mental, as in #$PlanningToDoSomething, or can involve #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvents, for example, buying food as a preparation for cooking a meal. The action may make the situation prepared for more likely to happen or it may have no causal bearing on that situation. For example, preparing for college may make it more likely that the agent will attend college. However, preparing for a power outage by buying a flashlight doesn't make it more likely that the power outage will occur. See also #$PreparingForUndesirableSituation. To relate #$PreparingForSituations to the #$Situations that they prepare for, use the function #$PreparingForFn. To relate #$PreparingForUndesirableSituations to the #$Situations that they prepare for, use the function #$PreparednessFn. See also #$PreventFromHappening and #$PreventionFn. The term 'prep' is used as a short form of 'prepare' but is not in WordNet in that sense. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'prepare' and noun sense 1 of 'preparation' in WordNet: 1. (49) fix, prepare, set up, ready, gear up, set - (make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc; 'Get the children ready for school!'; 'prepare for war'; 'I was fixing to leave town after I paid the hotel bill') WN noun 'preparation': 1. (15) preparation, readying - (the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose; 'preparations for the ceremony had begun') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :Modification, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :FutureSituation ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Readiness ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Preparatory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PreparingOrEatingFoodOrDrink' is merely the union of 'PreparingFoodOrDrink' and 'EatingEvent', created to specify the function of a 'FoodUtensil'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action . :PreponderatingOverSomething :wnsense "outbalance1v", "outweigh2v", "overbalance1v", "preponderate1v" ; :wordnet "outbalance", "outweigh", "overbalance", "preponderate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PreponderatingOverSomething'' is a subtype of ''DominatingSomething'' in which the criterion for 'dominating' is the strength of evidence or the importance of the things being compared. This is not for control or physical attributes (see ''\"Outweighing'' for physical attribute comparisons). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'preponderate' in WordNet: 2. (2) preponderate, outweigh, overbalance, outbalance - (weigh more heavily) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DominatingSomething . :Preposition :wnsense "preposition1n" ; :wordnet "preposition" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Preposition is the first word of a PrepositionalPhrase. Some Prepositions may also be used as verb complements or particles. It is one of the classical parts of speech. A Preposition takes a noun phrase and generates a prepositional phrases that can function as an adverb or as a noun modifier. Logically, many prepositions will be represented by relations: for example, in the sentence 'Jack wrote the article in his office' the phrase 'in his office' modifies the writing action, and would be represented by a relation such as: {{Jack wrote (the Article)} occurredAt JacksOffice} where {Jack wrote (the Article)} is the Action of Jack writing the article, and 'occurredAt' is a relation that specifies the location where an Event occurred. Prepositions will in general also be LogicalFunctions (see LogicalFunction). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preposition' in Wordnet: 1. (2) preposition - (a function word that combines with a noun or pronoun or noun phrase to form a prepositional phrase that can have an adverbial or adjectival relation to some other word) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedClassWord . :PrepositionalPhrase :guid "bd58e61c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prepositional phrase1n" ; :wordnet "prepositional phrase" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all possible prepositional phrases. SUMO: A Phrase that begins with a preposition and that functions as an Adjective or an Adverb. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prepositional phrase' in WordNet: 1. prepositional phrase - (a phrase beginning with a preposition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalConstituent, :WordString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Preposition ; owl:onProperty :beginsWithSubstring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Preposition ] . :Presbyterian :en "Presbyterian" ; :enadj "Presbyterian" ; :pertainsTo :PresbyterianPerson, :Presbyterianism ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PresbyterianPerson :wnsense "Presbyterian1n" ; :wordnet "Presbyterian" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Presbyterian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Presbyterian - (a follower of Calvinism as taught in the Presbyterian Church) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtestantPerson . :Presbyterianism :hasBeliever :PresbyterianPerson ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Presbyterian ; :hasTopic :ManagementByPresbytersIsBest ; :wnsense "Presbyterianism1n" ; :wordnet "Presbyterianism" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ """ . :Preschool :wnsense "preschool1n" ; :wordnet "preschool" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''EducationalOrganization'' that trains ''HumanPreschooler''s. in basic social and intelletual skills prior their attending ''GrammarSchool''. \"taughtStudent Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'preschool' in WordNet: 1. preschool - (an educational institution for children too young for elementary school) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanPreschooler ; owl:onProperty :taughtStudent ] . :Prescribed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PrescribingAnAction, :PrescribingMedication ; :wnsense "appointed3adj", "decreed1adj", "ordained1adj", "prescribed1adj", "prescribed2adj" ; :wordnet "appointed", "decreed", "ordained", "prescribed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """order, prescribe, dictate Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'prescribed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) prescribed - (set down as a rule or guide) 2. (1) appointed, decreed, ordained, prescribed - (fixed or established especially by order or command; 'at the time appointed (or the appointed time')) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Solid . :Prescriber :en "prescriber" ; :guid "c10af23d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PersonTypeByActivity, and a specialization of #$MedicalCareProfessional. Each instance of #$Prescriber is a person who can prescribe medication. Instances include doctors, as well as non-physician prescribers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrescribingMedication ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PrescribingAnAction :wnsense "dictate1v", "order3v", "prescribe1v" ; :wordnet "dictate", "order", "prescribe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: this is not intendedto be an 'ordering' that is issued with the threat of negative conseqences for failure to follow; it is closer to to a 'recommending where the thing recommended is some Action or Procedure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prescribe' in WordNet: 1. (8) order, prescribe, dictate - (issue commands or orders for) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecommendingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :PrescribingMedication :wnsense "prescribe1v" ; :wordnet "prescribe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PrescribingMedication'' is an ''Action'' in which a licensed ''Prescriber'' writes (or electronically authorizes) a ''Precription'' that allows a patient to obtain a ''prescription drug' legally. Corresponds to part (not really an 'order') of verb sense 1 of 'prescribe' in WordNet: 1. (8) order, prescribe, dictate - (issue commands or orders for) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Requesting, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ; owl:someValuesFrom :DrugPrescription ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Prescriber ] . :PrescriptionDrug :guid "bd58ae7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "drug", "medicine" ; :wnsense "drug1n", "medicine2n" ; :wordnet "drug", "medicine" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$DrugProduct. The collection of drugs that require a doctor's permission before obtaining or consuming them. See also #$DrugPrescription, #$prescribedDrug, #$prescriptionFilled and #$prescriptionFor. NOTE: whether a drug requires a doctor's permission is highly context dependent; it varies with country and with time in each country. This is a Role. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'medicine' in WordNet: WN 'medicine'; see also 'PresciptionDrug' 2. (3) medicine, medication, medicament, medicinal drug - ((medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugPrescription ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ] . :Presence :en "be in a location", "be in a place", "be present" ; :ldoce "presence" ; :wnsense "lie1v", "presence1n" ; :wordnet "lie", "presence" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Presence' is a subtype of 'BeingInProximity' which some Object or Substance is located not merely 'Nearby' but 'at' (in some sense, adjacency or containment or location) in some Place for some TimeInterval. One purpose of this type is to represent the notion that when an object 'arrives at' or 'is put at' some place, it is at that place for some interval of time after the arrival or putting. This is intimately related to 'locatedAt', but is an aspect of that relation that is represented by a PersistentEvent. This allows certain assertions that would be awkward to represent otherwise. To represent the fact that an Object is known *not* to be in a particular location, use 'Absence'. 'Presence' can be used to indicate the presence of substances (e.g. toxic waste) at a location. The thing that has a presence is specified as the object of the relation 'hadMainParticipant'. NOTE: see 'BeingInProximity' for a comment on the need to add a second participant to this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Presence' (but not the general notion of 'existence somewhere' - this is relative to a specific location) in WordNet: 1. (33) presence - (the state of being present; current existence; 'he tested for the presence of radon') WN verb 'lie': 1. (89) lie - (be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInProximity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :ThingPresent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ] . :Present :ldoce "gift", "present" ; :wnsense "gift1n", "present2n" ; :wordnet "gift", "present" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Present' is a Gift that is a PhysicalObject given to a person, usually for some occasion, such as a birthday or wedding. 'a birthday present'; 'a wedding present'. If a Gift is known to be a PbysicalObject and is given to a person directly, it can be assumed to be a Present. A 'Gift Certificate', or a Savings Bond, or currency, if in the form of a PhysicalObject given directly to a person is an instance of 'Present'; the monetary value or abstract value is an attribute of the Present. Gifts given to organizations such as charities are Gifts, but not 'Presents'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'present' and a subset of noun sense 1 of 'gift' in WordNet: 1. (8) gift - (something acquired without compensation) WN 'present': 2. (4) present - (something presented as a gift; 'his tie was a present from his wife') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gift, :PhysicalObject . :Present-NotAbsent :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingPresent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BeingInaPlace ; :isTheOppositeOf :Absent ; :wnsense "present2adj" ; :wordnet "present" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Present-NotAbsent'' is a property of an Object or Event exists in some particular TimeAndPlace or in some Context. This is the opposite of ''Absent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'present' in Wordnet: 2. (47) present - (spatial sense; being or existing in a specified place; 'the murderer is present in this room'; 'present at the wedding'; 'present at the creation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistenceValue . :Presentation :wnsense "presentation1n" ; :wordnet "presentation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Presentation'' is a ''RevealingSomething'' and a ''Lecture'' where a 'presenter' who is also a 'speaker' talks about a topic to an audience using some form of visual aids - these days, computer display with PowerPoint or the equivalent, in older times slide shows or 'overhead' projections or paper/cardboard illustrations on a easel. This can be informal,as when people show the slides of photos taken on some trip. For a 'demonstration' of how something works use ''Demonstrating'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'presentation' (not including 'demonstration') in WordNet: 3. (4) presentation, presentment, demonstration - (a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view; 'the presentation of new data'; 'he gave the customer a demonstration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lecture, :Narrating, :Performance, :ShowingSomething, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisualAid ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Presenter ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FormalMeeting ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :PresentationPoster :wnsense "placard1n", "poster1n" ; :wordnet "placard", "poster" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PresentationPoster'' is a ''NoticeSign'' that contains visual information to be shown at a ''Presentation'' or similar Event and is of the size appropriate to sut onto an ''Easel'' for viewing by the audience. Height and Width range from 20 cm to 100 cm. Usually made of some form of stiff paper. This includes the smaller and simpler 'posters' seen at 'poster sessions' at conferences. Corresponds to a specialized part of noun sense 1 of 'poster' in WordNet: 1. (1) poster, posting, placard, notice, bill, card - (a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement; 'a poster advertised the coming attractions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NoticeSign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Presentation ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ] . :Presenter :wnsense "orator1n", "public speaker1n", "rhetorician1n", "speechifier1n", "speechmaker1n" ; :wordnet "orator", "public speaker", "rhetorician", "speechifier", "speechmaker" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Presenter'' is a ''Speaker'' who orally delivers a ''Presentation''. A Group of ''Presenter''s is represented as the ''Speakers'' for that . Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'public speaker' (for ''Presentation''s) in WordNet: 1. orator, speechmaker, rhetorician, public speaker, speechifier - (a person who delivers a speech or oration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Presentation ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PresentingAnAward :ldoce "present" ; :wnsense "award1v", "present6v", "presentation1n" ; :wordnet "award", "present", "presentation" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PresentingAnAward'' is a formal ''Ceremony'' that is an ''AwardingAnHonor'' in which a person (or person representing an Organization) gives an HonorAward (an abstract MentalObject) to another person at a public ''Ceremony''.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'award' and part of sense 6 of 'present' in WordNet: 1. (3) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation') WN noun 'presentation': 1. (5) presentation - (the activity of formally presenting something (as a prize or reward); 'she gave the trophy but he made the presentation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AwardingAnHonor, :Ceremony . :PresentingaDisplay :wnsense "presentation2n" ; :wordnet "presentation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PresentingaDisplay'' is a ''DisplayingAction'' in which some Person plans (a ''PlanningAnOperation'') or arranges some form of ''DisplayingAction'' or ''DramaticPerformance'', whether or not the Person doing the planning is present at the Display or Performance itself. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'presentation' in WordNet: 2. (4) presentation - (the act of making something publicly available; presenting news or other information by broadcasting or printing it; 'he prepared his presentation carefully in advance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skill ; owl:onProperty :showsEvidenceOf ] . :PresentingaGiftOrHonor :ldoce "present" ; :wnsense "award1v", "present4v", "present6v" ; :wordnet "award", "present" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GivingEvent in which a person (or person representing an Organization) gives a PhysicalObject to another person in the presence of other people. The presenting occasion may be informal, as in giving Presents at a wedding shower, or formal, as in presentation of a Noble Prise a Medal of Honor, an Olympic Medal. For the award of an academic degree use 'AwardingaDegree'. For awarding an Honor, use 'AwardingAnHonor. Note that when an Honor is awarded together with a medal or other token, it is an instance both of 'PresentingaGiftOrHonor' and 'AwardingAnHonor'. Includes verb sense 6 and part of verb sense 4 of 'present' and sense 1 of 'award' in WordNet: ('submit' is excluded), and part of verb sense 7 of 'present' (it must be a physical object given in person); and part of verb sense 1 of 'award' (where a physical object is given as a symbol of the honor) 4. (13) present, submit - (hand over formally) 6. (3) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation') 7. (3) give, gift, present - (give as a present; make a gift of; 'What will you give her for her birthday?') WN 'award' 1. (7) award, present - (give, especially as an honor or reward; 'bestow honors and prizes at graduation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent . :Preserve :wnsense "jam1n" ; :wordnet "jam" ; a :FoodType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'preserve' is a preparation made from Fruit, made stable by cooking and sweetened with sugar. If it contains solid parts of crushed fruit and is not jellied, it is the subtype 'Jam' If made modtly from the fruit juice and jellied containing 'FruitFood' together with possible other ingredients, especially sweeteners. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'preserve' in WordNet: 3. conserve, preserve, conserves, preserves - (fruit preserved by cooking with sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFood, :FruitFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrushedFruit ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Preserving :en "preserving" ; :ldoce "preserve" ; :wnsense "preserve3v", "preserve5v", "preserve6v" ; :wordnet "preserve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Action whose purpose is to keep some PhysicalObject in a state that is considered desirable, under circumstances where some change could occur to make it less desirable. This sense includes actions that maintain a static condition, such as keeping food in a refrigerator or freezer, and actions that actually change the properties of an object so as to make it less likely to deteriorate, such as with food and documents; that active sense of 'preserving' is represented as subtype 'ConservingAnObject' This is a broad sense including verb senses 2,3,4,5, and 6 of 'preserve' in WordNet: 3. (9) save, preserve - (to keep up and reserve for personal or special use; 'She saved the old family photographs in a drawer') 5. keep, preserve - (maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger; 'May God keep you') 6. preserve - (keep undisturbed for personal or private use for hunting, shooting, or fishing; 'preserve the forest and the lakes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingSomething, :MaintainingAnObject, :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeteriorationEvent ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :PreservingFood :guid "be9f10d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "keep22v", "preserve4v" ; :wordnet "keep", "preserve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ManipulatingFoodOrDrink and #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. Each instance of #$PreservingFood is an event in which a single item of food or drink (an instance of the collection #$FoodOrDrink) is acted on to prevent it from spoiling (see the collection #$Spoiling) 'preserve' verb sense 4 in Wordet: 4. (1) preserve, keep - (prevent (food) from rotting; 'preserved meats'; 'keep potatoes fresh') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConservingAnObject, :Preserving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpoilingOfFood ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPreserved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FoodObject :FoodType ) ] ] . :Presidency :wnsense "presidency2n", "presidentship1n" ; :wordnet "presidency", "presidentship" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A 'Presidency'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state) achieved by acceding to the office of ''President'' (of any Organization). As with 'EmploymentPosition'' generally, this position need not be paid. NOTE that this differs from the WN gloss,which indicates this it the position ('office'). But in COSMO this is the ''PersistentState'' performed by a President while in office (the 'functions' s/he actually performs).. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'presidency' in WordNet: 2. presidency, presidentship - (the office and function of president; 'Andrew Jackson expanded the power of the presidency beyond what was customary before his time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmploymentPosition, :SuperiorStatus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PresidentOfOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :President-CorporateOfficer :guid "bd589f04-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "president" ; :wnsense "president1n" ; :wordnet "president" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of people. An instance of #$President-CorporateOfficer is designated as 'President' on the official records of the company or corporation for which s/he works. Every company has a President. A company president is often also the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and there is no superior authority in the company other than the Board of Directors and its Chairperson. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'president' in WordNet: 1. (14) president - (an executive officer of a firm or corporation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson, :CorporateOfficer, :Executive, :PresidentOfOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :of ; owl:someValuesFrom :Corporation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Corporation ] . :President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState :guid "bd58e49e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "president" ; :wnsense "president3n" ; :wordnet "president" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of persons. Each instance of #$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState is a person who holds the title of president of some #$Country, whether that title belongs to a position which is #$HeadOfState or #$HeadOfGovernment (or both). Examples: Boris Yeltsin, #$BillClinton, Jiang Zemin, Lee Dung-Hui. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'president' in WordNet: 3. (5) president - (the chief executive of a republic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadOfState, :PresidentOfOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :of ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ] . :PresidentElect :en "President-Elect", "president-elect" ; :enn "President-Elect", "president-elect" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PresidentElect'' is a ''Politician'' who won a Presidential election but has not yet been sworn into office. In the United States, the period between election and taking office is more than two months; that is when a winner of a presidential election has the title 'President Elect'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electee, :Politician, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingElected ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :UnitedStatesPresident . :PresidentOfOrganization :guid "c0999125-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "president" ; :wnsense "president1n" ; :wordnet "president" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of people. An instance of #$PresidentOfOrganization is a person who is among the highest leaders of some organization. Presidents often represent their organizations to outside entities, and may or may not have day-to-day authority within their organizations. The CYC gloss allows a President to be ceremonial rather than administrative - true in some governments, but in commercial organizations? NOTE: The thing presided over by a ''President'' is any form of ''Organization'', including committees that are organized on a temporary basis without written rules, but with a strcture that gives the ''President'' some significant form of control. There is typically only one ''President'' in any given Organization. @ToDo: add type 'ParentOrganization' and make that the ''Context'' for the uniqeness?? Is there rever more than one ''President'' in a conglomerate of companies? How to represent that? COSMO note: in WN 'president' and 'chairman' are synonyms, but the atual usage differs in many cases, so ''Chairman'' is a sibling type. Corresponds to part (does not include chairpersons - see ''ChairPerson'') of noun sense 4 of 'president' in WordNet: 4. (3) president, chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson - (the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization; 'address your remarks to the chairperson') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadOfAnOrganization, :UniqueThingInaContext, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :inContext ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Presiding ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Presidential :pertainsTo :ElectionOfaUSPresident, :President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState, :UnitedStatesPresident ; :wnsense "presidential1adj", "presidential2adj" ; :wordnet "presidential" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Presidential'' is the attribute of something that pertains to a President generally or in the USA more specifically to the ''UnitedStatesPresident''. The presidents of corporations are not usually referred to as 'presidential'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'presidential' in WordNet: 1. (8) presidential - (relating to a president or presidency; 'presidential aides'; 'presidential veto') 2. presidential - (befitting a president; 'criticized the candidate for not looking presidential') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PresidentialCandidatesFor1992 :hasComponentElement :GeorgeHWBush, :WilliamJeffersonClinton ; :withRespectTo :The1992US_PresidentialElection ; a :Choices . :Presiding :eng "presiding" ; :wnsense "preside1v" ; :wordnet "preside" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'preside' in WordNet: 1. (3) preside - (act as president; 'preside over companies and corporations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PresidentOfOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :PressingSomethingFlat :ldoce "press" ; :wnsense "press12v", "press4v" ; :wordnet "press" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PressingSomethingFlat' is an Action in which a Person presses some object between two flat surfaces (as in ironing clothing) so as to make the object flat (or less wrinkled). This includes pressing flowers or other objects that are not originally flat. Includes senses 4 and 12 of 'press' in WordNet; ironing (sense 12 ) is the included subtype 'IroningClothing': in WordNet: 4. (2) press - (place between two surfaces and apply weight or pressure; 'pressed flowers') 12. iron, iron out, press - (press and smooth with a heated iron; 'press your shirts'; 'she stood there ironing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingAPressure, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :Smoothening, :SqueezingEvent . :PressingWithaFinger :wnsense "press1v" ; :wordnet "press" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PressingWithaFinger'' is a ForceTransmissionEvent in which some object is touched by a ''Finger'' (or perhaps two?) with sufficient force to (at least) activate an ElectricDevice, as with pressing a ''ControlButton'' or pressing a video screen that is programmed to accept such control inputs. 'Swiping' a screen (e.g. on a smartphone) would be a subtype. Includes buttons on a touch-tone telephone. 'Press 1 for yes, Press 2 for no' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'press' in WordNet: 1. (32) press - (exert pressure or force to or upon; 'He pressed down on the boards'; 'press your thumb on this spot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForceTransmissionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finger ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :PressingaButton :ldoce "press" ; :wnsense "press1v" ; :wordnet "press" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PressingaButton' is an Action in which an animal (usually a Person) presses a button or key on a device (usually with the finger) so that the device will do whatever it is supposed to do when the button is pressed. This can be for an on/off button or for a key on some keyboard, or any other button-like component whose preseing causes a device to do something. Flipping a switch from one position to another is also an instance. The restriction requires a finger to press the button, though occasionally the heel of the hand might be used. refinement?? Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'press' in WordNet: 1. (32) press - (exert pressure or force to or upon; 'He pressed down on the boards'; 'press your thumb on this spot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingAPressure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finger ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControlButton ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :Pressure :guid "bd58ed13-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pressure" ; :takesValue :PressureMeasure ; :wnsense "pressure1n" ; :wordnet "pressure" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: in Cyc 'Pressure' is the actual measure, not the attribute type, so the usage of the term differs though the concepts are related. In COSMO, the measured value of a Pressure is a 'PressureMeasure'. Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Pressure is a specific measure of a force exerted on some surface. Degrees of #$Pressure may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions or with qualitative collections (e.g., #$BruisingPressure, #$FracturingPressure, #$ImperceptiblePressure). Indicate the #$Pressure of a particular fluid with the predicate #$fluidPressure (q.v.); indicate atmospheric pressure with #$barometricPressure (q.v.). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'pressure' in WordNet, which seems to conflate the measurement with the type of attribute: in WordNet: 1. (155) pressure, pressure level, force per unit area - (the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); 'the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :PressureGauge :wnsense "pressure gage1n", "pressure gauge1n" ; :wordnet "pressure gage", "pressure gauge" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PressureGauge' is a 'DisplayDevice' that shows a 'PressureMeasure'; it may be part of a larger device, but PressureGauges' often are stand-alone attachments to some enclosed system of conduits, so this is considered as a MeasuringDevice as well as a DisplayDevice Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pressure gauge' in WordNet: 1. pressure gauge, pressure gage - (gauge for measuring and indicating fluid pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gauge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PressureMeasure ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :PressureMeasure :ldoce "pressure" ; :wnsense "pressure1n" ; :wordnet "pressure" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """PressureMeasure is the class of UnitsOfMeasure used to measure pressure (barometricPressure), e.g., InchMercury. Note that 'Pressure' is a subtype of AttributeType and a 'PressureMeasure' is the actual measure of the attribute 'Pressure' for cases where that attribute may make sense. The WordNet gloss on 'pressure conflates these two senses. In the phrase 'measure the pressure', the 'pressure' is represented by the AttributeType 'Pressure' and the mesaured pressure is an instance of 'PressureMeasure'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'pressure' in WordNet: 1. (155) pressure, pressure level, force per unit area - (the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); 'the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :PressureUnit :wnsense "pressure unit1n" ; :wordnet "pressure unit" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses Pressure (force divided by area) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pressure unit' in WordNet: 1. pressure unit - (a unit measuring force per unit area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :PressurizedGas a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Gas that has a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure at sea level. Such a Gas, if not confined in a sealed container, will expand until it reaches atmospheric pressure. If in a sealed container, it creates an outward force on the container walls that could cause the container to break, depending on the strength of the container and the pressure of the Gas. The CarbonDioxide above the liquid in an unopened CarbonatedBeverage container is a PressurizedGas. The gases generated by an Explosion are a PressurizedGas.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas . :Prestidigitation :isPerformedBy :Magician ; :wnsense "legerdemain1n", "prestidigitation1n", "sleight of hand1n" ; :wordnet "legerdemain", "prestidigitation", "sleight of hand" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prestidigitation'' is a 'MagicTrick' that is accomplished and depends on the deft and clever maneuvering of the hands to as to hide the actual Action of the Magician and appear to be 'magic'. Often depends on 'misdirection' - causing the audience's attention to look elsewhere other than where the 'magic' action is. NOTE that 'legerdemain' is considered as synonymous with 'sleight of hand' in RHW, but not in WN. That label is included in the parent ''MagicTrick'' but a text citing 'legerdemain' should only be labeled that way for Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prestidigitation' in WordNet: 1. prestidigitation, sleight of hand - (manual dexterity in the execution of tricks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagicTrick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagicAction ; owl:onProperty :resembles ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magician ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Prestige :guid "be0e53fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prestige1n", "prestigiousness1n" ; :wordnet "prestige", "prestigiousness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prestige'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a state of a Person) achieved by performing one or more instances of ''ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction''. This state is a high degree of standing that one agent has in the eyes of others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prestige' in WordNet: 1. (11) prestige, prestigiousness - (a high standing achieved through success or influence or wealth etc.; 'he wanted to achieve power and prestige') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodReputation, :SuperiorStatus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Celebrity ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConspicuouslySuccessfulAction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Pretending :en "making believe", "pretending" ; :guid "c0e226b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pretend" ; :wnsense "affect4v", "dissemble1v", "feign1v", "feigning2n", "make believe1v", "pretence5n", "pretend1v", "pretend5v", "pretending1n", "pretense1n", "sham2v", "simulation4n" ; :wordnet "affect", "dissemble", "feign", "feigning", "make believe", "pretence", "pretend", "pretending", "pretense", "sham", "simulation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Most commonly, an Event in which some IntentionalAgent attempts to deceive some IntentionalAgent in some regard, by actions rather than solely by simple assertions. This includes both play-acting and actual attempts at Deceiving for bad pruposes. A person may play-act for his/her own entertainment (as with a child, possibly deceiving herself - making believe something is true), and that **will** also be an instance of 'Pretending'. Pretending will usually be performed by humans or human groups, but the potential agents for Pretending are left (v 0.36) at the level of 'IntentionalAgent' which includes some animals (such as mammals), just in case it is shown that they also perform some level of intentional deception. This does not, however, include unintentional mimicry that has evolved in some species of animals as defense mechanisms (how to distinguish in animals?). NOTE that this is the *attempt* at deception. Successful deception (or acts evaluated as sucessful deception) are categorized under the subtype 'Deceiving'. Also, the scope of 'Pretending' does not require that the pretender expects the audience to believe the pretense, since 'Acting' is included, where all that is required is 'a willing suspension of disbelief'. Cyc: A specialization of #$HumanActivity and #$PurposefulPhysicalAction. Each instance of #$Pretending is an action in which a person pretends that something is true. NOTE: SUMO includes Deceit, but in COSMO 'Deceiving' is a separate type. SUMO: Any SocialInteraction where a 'IntentionalAgent' or Group of 'IntentionalAgent's attempts to make another 'IntentionalAgent' or Group of 'IntentionalAgent's believe something that is false. This covers deceit, affectation, impersonation, and entertainment productions, to give just a few examples. Includes verb senses 1 and 5 of 'pretend' amd sense 1 of 'make believe' in WordNet: 1. (12) feign, sham, pretend, affect, dissemble - (make believe with the intent to deceive; 'He feigned that he was ill'; 'He shammed a headache') 5. make, pretend, make believe - (represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like; 'She makes like an actress') WN noun 'pretense': 1. (1) pretense, pretence, pretending, simulation, feigning - (the act of giving a false appearance; 'his conformity was only pretending') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingCopiedOrImitated ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :PretendingRole a :PretendingRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PretendingRole' is the root category for certain concepts that are referred to as 'Roles' but have a different meaning from other types of 'Roles' (such as 'Part'). the most prominent subtype of 'PretendingRole' is 'DramaticRole', the kinds of 'roles' that actors play in presentations of a 'DramaticPerformance'. But there are other types of 'PretendingRole' - such as a dummy subroutine that might be included in a computer program at some stage of development, that does not have the functionality of the routine as designed, but is used for test purposes during development. Entities that play such a role are related to the role by the relation 'playsTheRoleOf'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role . :PretendingRoleType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PretendingRoleType' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of PretendingRole as their argument. This may be used as the type for subclasses of 'DramaticRole'""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Pretentious :wnsense "pretentious1adj" ; :wordnet "pretentious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pretentious' in Wordnet: 1. pretentious - (making claim to or creating an appearance of (often undeserved) importance or distinction; 'a pretentious country house'; 'a pretentious fraud'; 'a pretentious scholarly edition') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conspicuous . :Pretest :en "pretest" ; :enn "pretest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Pretest'' is a ''TestingEvent'' that is performed prior to some other Action to determine if the thing tested will be suitable for that Action to be sure the Action is properly prepared for. No sense of 'pretest' in WN. This is generic and includes the testing of devices and of People: 1. an advance or preliminary testing or trial, as of a new product. 2. a test given to determine if students are sufficiently prepared to begin a new course of study. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Observing, :PreparingForSituation, :TestingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :Event :EventType :Group ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :precedes ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ] . :Pretty :ldoce "pretty" ; :wnsense "pretty1adj" ; :wordnet "pretty" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Pretty' is a specialization of 'Attractive' used for for objects and music. When used for people, its use is restricted to females. For good-looking males use 'GoodLooking'. This is very similar to GoodLooking, but used in slightly different ways. For people, 'pretty' should imply that the thing described is a female. But 'a pretty dress' is a common usage. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pretty' in WordNet: 1. (20) pretty - (pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing; 'pretty girl'; 'pretty song'; 'pretty room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attractive . :PrettyWoman :en "pretty woman" ; :enn "pretty woman" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrettyWoman'' is a ''Woman'' who is ''Pretty'' (common usage for a female ''GoodLooking'' person). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Woman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pretty ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoodLooking ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pretzel :guid "bfe6e120-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pretzel1n" ; :wordnet "pretzel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of pretzels. A pretzel is a wheat flour based baked good which is in the shape of a narrow cylinder, often twisted into the familiar pretzel shape. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pretzel' in WordNet: 1. pretzel - (glazed and salted cracker typically in the shape of a loose knot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biscuit, :SnackFood, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SaltyTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnotShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Prevailing :wnsense "dominate1v", "predominate1v", "prevail1v" ; :wordnet "dominate", "predominate", "prevail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prevailing'' is a ''HavingAnAttribute'' where the Attribute is ''MostCommon''. The things that are most common can be of any type. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'prevail' in WordNet (being larger in number): in WordNet: 1. (6) predominate, dominate, rule, reign, prevail - (be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance; 'Money reigns supreme here'; 'Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MostCommon ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PrevailingOpinion :en "prevailing beliefs", "prevailing opinion" ; :wnsense "mainstream1n", "thought3n" ; :wordnet "mainstream", "thought" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PrevailingOpinion'' about ay topic or topics in general is often referred to as 'mainstream thinking'. THe 'mainstream' can refer to any specific topic, broad or narrow. People who agree with the 'mainstream' are considered as 'in the mainstream'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'mainstream' and sense 3 of its parent concept 'thought' in WordNet: 1. mainstream - (the prevailing current of thought; 'his thinking was in the American mainstream') WN noun 'thought': 3. (12) thought - (the organized beliefs of a period or group or individual; '19th century thought'; 'Darwinian thought') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, :BeliefSystem . :PrevailingoverAnOpponent :isPerformedBy :Winner ; :wnsense "prevail4v", "triumph1v" ; :wordnet "prevail", "triumph" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PrevailingoverAnOpponent'' is a ''WinningaContest'' after a long hard-fought struggle. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'prevail' in WordNet: 4. (2) prevail, triumph - (prove superior; 'The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WinningaContest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Struggle ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Difficult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Prevalence :wnsense "prevalence2n" ; :wordnet "prevalence" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a quantity that is used as part of a Distribution. A Prevalence is an OrderedPair expressing the quantitative intensity of some one AttributeValue out of set of attribute values that may be had by one object in a population. This is a general type of Measurement that might be included in a Distribution. The first element of the pair is AttributeValue, behavior, opinion, or any other having a particular frequency in a population; the second element is the frequency; This can be a percentage value or an absolute number or some other measure. This can be used to represent the values on a bar chart, being the thing that is being measured and the quantitative measure attributed to that thing. This type has a structure similar to an Attribute (dimension and value), but can be used to describe things that are not attributes (such as the percentage of a population giving an answer to a question). A Prevalence is one of the elements of a Distribution, and is meaningful primarily in association with Distributions. For example, a Prevalence could be the number of individuals in a Group that are in a particular height range; or the percentage of individuals in a group that give a certain answer to a certain question; or the value of something at one of a series of time points. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'prevalence' in Wordnet: 2. prevalence - ((epidemiology) the ratio (for a given time period) of the number of occurrences of a disease or event to the number of units at risk in the population) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedPair . :Preventative :wnsense "cautionary1adj", "preventative1adj", "preventive2adj", "preventive3adj", "prophylactic2adj" ; :wordnet "cautionary", "preventative", "preventive", "prophylactic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preventative' and sense 'preventive' of in Wordnet: 1. preventive, preventative - (tending to prevent or hinder) WN adj 'preventive': 3. cautionary, preventive, prophylactic - (tending to ward off; 'the swastika...a very ancient prophylactic symbol occurring among all peoples'- Victor Schultze) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :Preventing :eng "preventing" ; :ldoce "prevent" ; :wnsense "bar6n", "forbid2v", "foreclose1v", "forestall1v", "keep4v", "preclude1v", "prevent1v", "prevent2v", "prevention1n" ; :wordnet "bar", "forbid", "foreclose", "forestall", "keep", "preclude", "prevent", "prevention" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The general sense of acting so as to avoid a change from some existing state to an undesirable state. Linguistically, this notion is expressed by phrases such as 'keep oneself healthy', 'prevent the cancer from spreading'; 'keep the enemy from entering'; 'prevent an attack'.'keep the dog from running outside'. The thing prevented is not necessarily a harmful thing, and is not necessarily the action of another agent. The thing prevented is an Event, but in the linguistic expression the Event may be represented by a complex phrase such as 'prevent the dog from going into the neighbor's yard'. The way the Event is described appears to be the main difference between senses 1 and 2 in WordNet (sense 2 appears to require specifying an Agent and the use of the phrase 'from [doing something]', The sense of keeping an Agent from doing something is treated in COSMO as a subtype of this type. The linguistic analyzer will need to interpret actions with a 'from' as the thing prevented. The restriction requires that Events that are classified as 'Preventing' specify the type of Event that is prevented. This includes defense against natural forces as well as animate opponents; the more specific subtype 'Protecting' is a keeping from harm, and its subtype 'Defending' is an act of protecting against an attack by an opponent Similar to Cyc 'PreventFromHappening' Cyc A collection of events. Each instance of #$PreventFromHappening is an event which is the prevention of another event from taking place. For example, the act of a police officer stopping a crime in progress would be the prevention of a crime. To relate #$PreventFromHappenings to the events that they prevent, use the function #$PreventionFn. Corresponds to both verb senses 1 and 2 of 'prevent', and noun sense 1 of 'prevention' in WordNet; sense 2 is the subtype 'KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething' in WordNet: 1. (63) prevent, forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid - (keep from happening or arising; make impossible; 'My sense of tact forbids an honest answer'; 'Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project') 2. (40) prevent, keep - (prevent from doing something or being in a certain state; 'We must prevent the cancer from spreading'; 'His snoring kept me from falling asleep'; 'Keep the child from eating the marbles') WN noun 'prevention': 1. (17) prevention, bar - (the act of preventing; 'there was no bar against leaving'; 'money was allocated to study the cause and prevention of influenza') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvoidanceAction, :BlockingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :prevents ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :PreventingInjury :en "preventing an injury" ; :enn "preventing an injury" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PreventingInjury'' is any Action taken by a Device or a Person to avoid some Animal ''IncurringAnInjury''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncurringAnInjury ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :PreventingLoss :en "preventing loss" ; :enn "preventing loss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PreventingLoss'' is an Action that prevents some form of loss - Personal, Heath, Financial, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingSomething ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :PreventingMedicalExpenditureLoss :en "preventing medical expenditure loss" ; :enn "preventing medical expenditure loss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PreventingMedicalExpenditureLoss'' is an Action that prevents incurring ''MedicalExpenses'' (a ''FinancialLoss'' due to some ''MedicalCareEvent''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreventingLoss, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingSomething ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :PreventingSunburn :en "preventing sunburn" ; :enn "preventing sunburn" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PreventingSunburn'' is any Action taken to avoid getting ''Sunburn'' when exposed to the ''Sunlight-Direct''. This can be wearing certain clothing, movig to a shaded area,or using a substance such as a ''Sunscreen''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreventingInjury, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sunburn ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Preventive :wnsense "preventative2adj", "preventive1adj", "prophylactic3adj" ; :wordnet "preventative", "preventive", "prophylactic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Preventive'' is a subattribute of ''Preventative'' more specifically referring to objects and actions that tend to or are intended to prevent any ''AilmentCondition''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'preventive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) preventive, preventative, prophylactic - (preventing or contributing to the prevention of disease; 'preventive medicine'; 'vaccines are prophylactic'; 'a prophylactic drug') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preventative . :Previewing :wnsense "preview1v" ; :wordnet "preview" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Previewing' is a 'Viewing' of some Live or recorded Performance, before it is performed in or released to its ultimate intended audience. This may be for 'previewng' a ''Movie'' before its wide distribution, or for previewing some live presentation to one Person or a small group before it is performed to a larger audience. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'preview' in WordNet: 1. preview - (watch (a movie or play) before it is released to the general public) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Viewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ; owl:someValuesFrom :Performance ] . :Previous :en "immediate prior", "immediately prior", "latest", "most recent" ; :hasNumericalAbbreviation "previous" ; :wnsense "last1adj", "previous1adj", "prior1adj" ; :wordnet "last", "previous", "prior" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """Specifies the previous (*immediately* prior) item in a list or in some ranking of priority, or in time order (relative to the item in current focus taken as item number '0'). See also ''Prior'' for a related QualitativeAttributeValue for things in a **time series** that are *immediately* prior to the current one. Includes part of adj sense 1 of 'previous' in RHW: RHW 'previous' 1 adj: coming or occurring before something else; prior: the previous owner. RHW 'last' 2 adj: most recent; next before the present; latest: last week; last Friday. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'prior' and only part of WN adjective sense 1 of 'previous': in WordNet: 1. (17) former, late, previous - ((used especially of persons) of the immediate past; 'the former president'; 'our late President is still very active'; 'the previous occupant of the White House') WN adj 'prior': 1. (23) anterior, prior - (earlier in time) WN adj 'last': 1. (660) last - (immediately past; 'last Thursday'; 'the last chapter we read') """ . :Prey :wnsense "prey2n", "quarry3n" ; :wordnet "prey", "quarry" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An organism which is hunted by a ''Predator'' Not for the metaphorical sense. @ToDo: needed for sociological uses. NOTE: as of Rev1361 this is classified as a subtype of ''GameAnimal'' because predators can be said to 'hunt' their prey - but that is perhaps stretching the meanings. Needs to be differentiated?. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prey' in Wordnet: 2. (2) prey, quarry - (animal hunted or caught for food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameAnimal, :Role, :WildAnimal . :PreyForCriminals :wnsense "mark9n", "patsy1n", "prey1n", "quarry1n", "sucker1n", "target2n" ; :wordnet "mark", "patsy", "prey", "quarry", "sucker", "target" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''PreyForCriminals'' consists of a ''Person'' who some criminal(s) intend to exploit, by deception or violence, for their own gain. If the plan is successful, that ''PreyForCriminals'' will become a ''VictimOfaCrime''. Is an 'intended victim' Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'target' and noun sense 9 of 'mark' in Wordnet: 2. (4) prey, quarry, target, fair game - (a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence; 'he fell prey to muggers'; 'everyone was fair game'; 'the target of a manhunt') WN noun 'mark': 9. chump, fool, gull, mark, patsy, fall guy, sucker, soft touch, mug - (a person who is gullible and easy to take advantage of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Target . :Preying :wnsense "predate3v", "prey2v", "raven2v" ; :wordnet "predate", "prey", "raven" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Preying'' is for the action of a ''Predator'' that feeds on other animals or their eggs. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prey' in WordNet: 2. raven, prey, predate - (prey on or hunt for; 'These mammals predate certain eggs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foraging, :Hunting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Predator ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom :CapturingAnAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom :EatingEvent ] . :Price :ldoce "cost", "price" ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "cost2n", "monetary value1n", "price2n" ; :wordnet "cost", "monetary value", "price" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each value of the 'Price' attribute (pointed to by the 'takesValue' relation) is a ''MonetaryValue'' of some Thing that might be offered for sale, which points to a 'MoneyMeasure', i.e. a quantity of Money in some currency that must be given in exchange for some valuable thing (usually a ''ProductObject'' or a service), in a Buying event. This sense includes a measure of what price a thing is likely to bring if offered for sale, even though it may not be offered for sale. For an actual asking price of an item offered for sale, use 'AskingPrice'. To represent a price per unit or per quantity for some type of goods, subtypes of Price can be used. To used the bare relation 'hasPrice' on an instance of an Object will imply that the price refers to that individual item only (e.g. a house for sale or some item at an auction) rather than for any item of that given type, or for some quantity of a goods sold in bulk. To represent a price per quantity of something, one may create a class of things in that quantity (see comments in the 'hasPrice' relation) and use the 'hasPrice' relation, or use the subproperty 'PricePerUnit'. NOTE that the ''AskingPrice'' is one subtype of this concept. Includes noun sense 2 of 'price' and sense 2 of 'cost' in WordNet: 2. (85) monetary value, price, cost - (the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold); 'the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver'; 'he puts a high price on his services'; 'he couldn't calculate the cost of the collection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonetaryValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProductObject ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :PriceDroodleBook :hasPhysicalRepresentation :PriceDroodleBook123 ; a :AbstractText, :Book-Abstract . :PriceDroodleBook123 :hasMassInGrams "125"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf :PriceDroodleBook ; a :Book-Physical . :PriceGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PriceGroup is a Group of Prices - not necessarily organized in List form. The common term 'price list' can be represented by this type. NOTE that this Group contains only Prices, but each of those can be a PricePerUnit, with detailed information.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Price ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PriceMarkup :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "markup1n" ; :wordnet "markup" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PriceMarkup'' is an ''AttributeType'' that specifies what part of the ''AskingPrice'' of a Thing for sale is the ''MonetaryValue'' (an attribute, not a ''MoneyMeasure'') of the ''Profit'' that the seller obtains above the actual cost to the seller of the Thing sold. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'markup' in WordNet: 1. markup - (the amount added to the cost to determine the asking price) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MonetaryValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AskingPrice ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :PricePerTimeUnit a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'PricePerTimeUnit' is a Price (a MoneyMeasure) in some currency that must be given for each unit of time, in exchange for the use during that time of some valuable thing, such as an apartment, an automobile, or (in the case of borrowed money) the use of some money. Instances of 'PricePerTimeUnit' specify a 'MoneyMeasure' and a 'RateUnit'. As a 'ConstantQuantity', this will have two components: a number and a unit which is in MonetaryUnits per unit time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :PricePerUnit :ldoce "price" ; :wnsense "price1n" ; :wordnet "price" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of PricePerUnit is a Price (a MoneyMeasure) in some currency that must be given in exchange for some quantity of some type of valuable thing, in a Buying event. NOTE that this is a MoneyMeasure, not a specialization of the generic attribute 'Price'. NOTE that to specify the price for a unique individual item, one may use a simple MoneyMeasure. This type is used when one wants to specify a Price for some quantity of commodity, or for any item of a given type, or to specify the time or location where the price applies. NOTE: that to specify that a Price holds for some interval of time, the instance of PricePerUnit should also be represented as an instance of TimeSlice, and the start and end times for that price can be represented using the relations 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint'. Instances of 'PricePerUnit' use specialized relations to specify the type, quantity, and where (from which vendor), a particular price applies. See relations: hasCommodityType, isOfferedByVendor, hasQuantityUnit, hasPriceValue, offeredPriceAppearsIn The Wordnet noun sense 1 of 'Price' does not distinguish between the generic AttributeType 'Price' and a specific price (MoneyMeasure) for specific items, so this corresponds to part of sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (580) price, terms, damage - (the amount of money needed to purchase something; 'the price of gasoline'; 'he got his new car on excellent terms'; 'how much is the damage?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoneyMeasure . :PriceReduction :CYC "Discounting" ; :en "discounting" ; :guid "c06d0753-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deduction6n", "discount1n", "discount2v", "price reduction1n" ; :wordnet "deduction", "discount", "price reduction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PriceReduction'' is a 'Reduction' in the price of some product or service relative to a higher price it had at a previous time. Corresponds to CYC 'Discounting'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'discount' in WordNet: 1. (1) discount, price reduction, deduction - (the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise) WN verb 'discount': 2. discount - (give a reduction in price on; 'I never discount these books-they sell like hot cakes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discounted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :PricingaProduct :wnsense "price1v", "pricing1n" ; :wordnet "price", "pricing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pricing' in WordNet: 1. (3) pricing - (the evaluation of something in terms of its price) WN verb 'price': 1. (4) price - (determine the price of; 'The grocer priced his wares high') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarketingActivity . :Prick :en "prick" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prick'' is a small and shallow ''Puncture'', usually on the skin of a Person or other animal, created by a ''Pricking'' action.. RHW sense 1 of 'prick': a puncture made by a needle, thorn, or the like. No corresponding noun sense of 'prick' in WN. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Puncture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pricking ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Pricking :wnsense "prick1v", "prick4n" ; :wordnet "prick" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Piercing'' is a type of ''PiercingSomething'' that creates a ''Prick'' (a small and shallow ''Puncture''). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'prick' and noun sense 4 of 'prick' in WordNet: 1. (3) prickle, prick - (make a small hole into, as with a needle or a thorn; 'The nurse pricked my finger to get a small blood sample') WN noun 'prick': 4. prick, pricking - (the act of puncturing with a small point; 'he gave the balloon a small prick') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PiercingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prick ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Prickle :wnsense "thorn2n" ; :wordnet "thorn" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The small sharp process on some part of a plant other than the stem or branch. Plant objects that are ''Prickly'' have ''Prickles'' like these. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'prickle', but does not include the ''Thorn''s on the stem: in WordNet: 1. spine, thorn, prickle, pricker, sticker, spikelet - (a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, :PlantPart, :PointyEndedObject, :SpineSpikeOrQuill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Prickly :isTheOppositeOf :Smooth ; :ldoce "prickly" ; :wnsense "barbed2adj", "barbellate1adj", "briary1adj", "briery1adj", "bristled1adj", "bristly2adj", "burred1adj", "burry1adj", "prickly2adj", "setaceous1adj", "setose1adj", "spiny2adj", "thorny1adj" ; :wordnet "barbed", "barbellate", "briary", "briery", "bristled", "bristly", "burred", "burry", "prickly", "setaceous", "setose", "spiny", "thorny" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of SolidObjects that have multiple barbs or spikes or thorns (e.g. ''Prickle''s) sticking out from their surface, like a Cactus or a burr or 'prickly pear cactus' fruit, or a porcupine. The barb does not have to be a PlantPart. To be 'Prickly' means to have multiple pointy-ended spikes sticking out from the main body of the object - but NOTE: this is a @default@ property, which is expected to be true of typical objects having this AttributeValue; any given instance can be shorn of its spikes or thorns and still be an instance of the type. An object that is 'Prickly' is not necessarily barbed at every region on it surface. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'prickly' in WordNet: 2. barbed, barbellate, briary, briery, bristled, bristly, burred, burry, prickly, setose, setaceous, spiny, thorny - (having or covered with protective barbs or quills or spines or thorns or setae etc.; 'a horse with a short bristly mane'; 'bristly shrubs'; 'burred fruits'; 'setaceous whiskers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PricklyPear :guid "bd58e471-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prickly pear cactus1n", "prickly pear1n" ; :wordnet "prickly pear", "prickly pear cactus" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prickly pear' in WordNet: 1. prickly pear, prickly pear cactus - (cacti having spiny flat joints and oval fruit that is edible in some species; often used as food for stock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cactus . :Pride :guid "bd58c420-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Proud ; :ldoce "pride" ; :wnsense "pride1adj", "pride2adj" ; :wordnet "pride" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Pride is some agent's feeling of self-esteem based upon her actions, possessions, accomplishments, or relationships. Instances of #$Pride vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the object of the feeling. Specializations of #$Pride include #$Vanity, #$PrideOfMembership, and #$Triumph-TheFeeling. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'pride' in WordNet: 1. (6) pride, pridefulness - (a feeling of self-respect and personal worth) 2. (5) pride - (satisfaction with your (or another's) achievements; 'he takes pride in his son's success') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approval-Emotion, :DirectedFeeling, :EmotionalState . :PrideOfLions :ldoce "pride" ; :wnsense "pride4n" ; :wordnet "pride" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfAnimals of which each element is a Lion, usuaully closely related to the other Lions in the Group. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'pride' in WordNet: 4. pride - (a group of lions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Lion ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Priest :guid "bd5af1d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "priest" ; :wnsense "priest1n" ; :wordnet "priest" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Person, usually male, who has received Holy Orders in a Catholic or Orthodox or Epicospalian church. For priests in non-Christian religions (e.g. the high priest of ancient Judaism), use the more general 'Cleric'. A Protestant minister is represented as 'Minister'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'priest' in WordNet: 1. (10) priest - (a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric . :PrimalIndigenousReligion a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """(ISO18025) Original or primitive religions in an area including animism, shamanism, spirit-worship, ancestor veneration, polytheism, and pantheism; usually exclusive to a particular tribe or people..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Religion . :Primary :wnsense "primary1adj", "primary3adj" ; :wordnet "primary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Primary' is an attribute of things - people, resources - that are considered - for some purpose(s) - as the *first* thing to be considered, or as the first things that had a major effect on some event. This is close in sense to 'Principal' but has more of a sense of priority in time, whereas 'Principal' does not need to have anyreference to time in order for the attribute to be meaningful. Something 'Primary' is not necessarily Important. Relation to 'Principal'? Corresponds to parts of adjective senses 1 and 3 'primary' (examples: 'primary goals' 'primary sources' 'a primary interest' and 'policemen were primary targets', when the intent is to specify what is considered *first* in a situation) in WordNet: 1. (16) primary - (of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondhand; 'primary goals'; 'a primary effect'; 'primary sources'; 'a primary interest') 3. (7) chief, main, primary, principal - (most important element; 'the chief aim of living'; 'the main doors were of solid glass'; 'the principal rivers of America'; 'the principal example'; 'policemen were primary targets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FirstOfaSeries, :Salient ; owl:disjointWith :Uninteresting . :PrimaryAmine :en "primary amine" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Nitrogen ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrimaryAmine' is an ''Amine'' with an ''AminoGroup', i.e. a (-NH2) group. UCLA chem dictionary: Primary amine (1^0 amine): An amine in which the amino group is directly bonded to one carbon of any hybridization which cannot be a carbonyl group carbon. No specific WN sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AminoGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasChemicalGroup ] . :PrimaryColor :takesValue :Blue, :ColorAttribute, :GreenColor, :OrangeColor, :Red, :VioletColor, :YellowColor ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of the set of Colors which can be blended to form any other color and which cannot be derived from any other colors.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Color . :Primate :guid "bd58a674-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "primate2n" ; :wordnet "primate" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$BiologicalOrder, and a sub-taxon of #$Eutheria. Each instance of #$Primate has a relatively large brain case, an unfused radius and ulna in the forelimbs, an unfused tibia and fibula in the hind limbs, and opposable thumbs. Notable specializations of #$Primate include #$Person, #$Orangutan, #$Gorilla, and #$Baboon. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'primate' in WordNet: 2. primate - (any placental mammal of the order Primates; has good eyesight and flexible hands and feet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :PlacentalMammal, :TerrestrialOrganism . :Prime :isMoreIntenseThan :Good ; :wnsense "choice1adj", "premier1adj", "premium1adj", "prime1adj", "prime3adj", "prime5adj", "prize1adj", "quality1adj", "select1adj" ; :wordnet "choice", "premier", "premium", "prime", "prize", "quality", "select" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Superlative' is an AttributeValue that expresses the opinion that the thing characterized is much better than the average for its category. For 'prime' relative to food quality use ''PrimeQuality'' Includes adjective sense 1, 3, and 5 of 'prime' in WordNet: 1. (6) premier, prime - (first in rank or degree; 'an architect of premier rank'; 'the prime minister') 3. (2) choice, prime, prize, quality, select - (of superior grade; 'choice wines'; 'prime beef'; 'prize carnations'; 'quality paper'; 'select peaches') 5. prime, meridian - (being at the best stage of development; 'our manhood's prime vigor'- Robert Browning) WN adj 'premium': 1. (1) premium - (having or reflecting superior quality or value; 'premium gasoline at a premium price') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Superlative . :PrimeNumber :wnsense "prime number1n", "prime quantity1n", "prime1n" ; :wordnet "prime", "prime number", "prime quantity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Integer that is evenly divisible only by itself and 1. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of prime number'' and sense 1 of 'prime' in WordNet: 1. (2) prime, prime quantity - (a number that has no factor but itself and 1) WN noun 'prime' 1. prime number - (an integer that has no integral factors but itself and 1) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Integer . :PrimeOfLife :wnsense "prime of life1n", "prime4n" ; :wordnet "prime", "prime of life" ; a :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """';PrimeOfLife;' is the LifeStage that a Person is in after maturing and reaching the peak of productivity and before the inevitable loss of abilities with old age has begun.. 'Cut down in the prime of life'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prime of life' in WordNet: 1. prime, prime of life - (the time of maturity when power and vigor are greatest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdultStage . :PrimeQuality :isMoreIntenseThan :Good ; :wnsense "choice1adj", "prime3adj", "select1adj" ; :wordnet "choice", "prime", "select" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PrimeQuality'' (or 'prime' or 'choice') is the AttributeValue assigned to certain commercial products that are rated as within the top tier of quality (out of several) in their category. Similar to 'best' but for broader and vaguer characteristics. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'prime' in WordNet: 3. (2) choice, prime, prize, quality, select - (of superior grade; 'choice wines'; 'prime beef'; 'prize carnations'; 'quality paper'; 'select peaches') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prime . :PrimeTime :en "prime-time" ; :enn "prime-time" ; :wnsense "prime time1n" ; :wordnet "prime time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PrimeTime'' is the ''TimeInterval'' from 7 p.m. to 11 p.m. (in each local time zone), when the viewing audience for television broadcasts is largest. This is significant for 'ratings' (audience size) of shows and for advertisers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prime time' in WordNet: 1. (1) prime time - (the hours between 7 and 11 p.m. when the largest tv audience is available) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PM_7_00 ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PM_11_00 ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingTimePoint ] . :Primer-Physical :wnsense "primer1n" ; :wordnet "primer" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Primer-Physical'' is a ''TextBook-Physical'' used for teaching the basic elements of some subject. @ToDo: need 'basic' 'introductory', 'elementary', 'advanced' for complexity of studies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'primer' in WordNet: 1. (1) primer - (an introductory textbook) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextBook-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Studying ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Primeval :wnsense "aboriginal3adj", "primaeval1adj", "primal1adj", "primeval1adj", "primordial1adj" ; :wordnet "aboriginal", "primaeval", "primal", "primeval", "primordial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'primeval' in Wordnet: 1. (3) aboriginal, primal, primeval, primaeval, primordial - (having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state; 'aboriginal forests'; 'primal eras before the appearance of life on earth'; 'the forest primeval'; 'primordial matter'; 'primordial forms of life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pristine . :PrimingaPump :wnsense "prime3v" ; :wordnet "prime" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PrimingaPump'' is the act of adding liquid to a pump to remove air that would interfere with the pumping process. This 'filling' even need not be a complete filling, just enough to get the pump operating properly. NOTE: the WN gloss seems to refer to 'priming' a carburetor but that sense is not included here. Perhaps a parent type could include both senses? Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'prime' in WordNet: 3. prime - (fill with priming liquid; 'prime a car engine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :FillingEvent, :PreparingForSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pump ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Liquid ; owl:onProperty :usedSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PumpingFluid ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ] . :Primitive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :ImprovingFunctionality ; :wnsense "crude4adj", "primitive1adj", "rude5adj", "rudimentary2adj" ; :wordnet "crude", "primitive", "rude", "rudimentary" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Primitive''is the general attribute for entities that have a low level of development or have functionality at or close to what is found in nature, sch as 'primitive weapons' or 'primitive tools'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'primitive' and sense 2 of 'rudimentary' in Wordnet: 1. (8) crude, primitive, rude - (belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness; 'the crude weapons and rude agricultural implements of early man'; 'primitive movies of the 1890s'; 'primitive living conditions in the Appalachian mountains') WN adj 'rudimentary': 2. (1) rudimentary - (being in the earliest stages of development; 'rudimentary plans') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PrimitivePerson :wnsense "primitive person1n", "primitive1n" ; :wordnet "primitive", "primitive person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrimitivePerson'' is any ''Person'' of any age or sex who lives in a culture that is or could have been lived over fifteen thousand years ago. There are some modern isolated groups that fit into this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'primitive person' in WordNet: 1. primitive, primitive person - (a person who belongs to an early stage of civilization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role . :PrimitiveWeapon :guid "bd58fbd2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :Weapon . :Primogeniture :wnsense "primogeniture1n" ; :wordnet "primogeniture" ; a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type ''Primogeniture'' represents the actual Right possessed by the ''EldestSon''. The tradition of 'primogeniture' (conferring special rights on the ''EldestSon'') is represented by ''PrimogenitureTradition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'primogeniture' in WordNet: 1. primogeniture - (right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RightOfInheritance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EldestSon ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InheritingProperty ; owl:onProperty :isaFreedomToDo ] . :PrimogenitureTradition :wnsense "primogeniture1n" ; :wordnet "primogeniture" ; a :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''PrimogenitureTradition'' is a \"CulturalPractice'' in some cultures, in which the ''EldestSon'' ('firstborn') inherits all or the most important part of the property of the parents, and the father's title of nobility (if any), and possibly other Rights. NOTE: the term 'primogeniture' in COSMO is primarily used for the ''Right'' of primogeniture, but here the term represents the ''CulturalPractice'' of conferring the ''Primogeniture'' right on firstborn sons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'primogeniture' in WordNet: 1. primogeniture - (right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalPractice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Primogeniture ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ] . :Prince :guid "bf5d1030-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "prince" ; :wnsense "prince1n" ; :wordnet "prince" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all princes, or male persons who hold hereditary princely titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch. This includes sovereign, hereditary, courtesy and other princes. It excludes the co-princes of the #$CoPrincipality of #$Andorra. See also #$Princess. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prince' in WordNet: 1. (1) prince - (a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson, :MemberOfTheNobility . :Prince-HeadOfState :guid "bd58dd43-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "prince" ; :wnsense "prince1n" ; :wordnet "prince" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all sovereign #$Princes of countries, which are usually monarchies and always Principalities. WordNet 'prince' excludes the role of sovereign, but COSMO follows Cyc in allowing a Prince to be a sovereign (in a principality) in WordNet: 1. (1) prince - (a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadOfState, :MemberOfTheNobility, :Monarch-HeadOfState, :Prince . :Princess :guid "beeb22ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "princess1n" ; :wordnet "princess" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all princesses, or female persons, whether sovereign or not, who hold hereditary princely titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy). This excludes female Co-princes of #$Andorra. See also #$Prince. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'princess' in WordNet: 1. princess - (a female member of a royal family other than the queen (especially the daughter of a sovereign)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :MemberOfRoyalty, :MemberOfTheNobility . :Principal :ldoce "chief", "head", "main" ; :wnsense "chief1adj", "main1adj", "primary1adj", "primary3adj", "principal1adj" ; :wordnet "chief", "main", "primary", "principal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Principal' is an attribute of things - people, events, objects - that are considered - by some person(s) for some purpose(s) - as *most important* in some respect. This could be solely a result of having the largest size or being quantitatively largest in some respect. This is a subtype of 'Important' and a higher degree of 'Salient', and is inconsistent with 'Uninteresting'. Relation to 'Primary'? This is an attribute that can be used to mark things that an agent should keep in mind. NOTE that RHW includes 'head' as a synonym of 'principal', but that meaning is not in Wordnet. LDOCE uses 'head' as an adjective, so that sense is included here. RHW 'head' adj: first in rank or position; chief; leading; principal: a head official. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'principal', sense 1 of 'main', sense 1 of 'chief' and senses 1 and 3 of 'primary' in WordNet (there is no adjective sense of 'head'): in WordNet: WN 'prinicipal': 1. (19) chief, main, primary, principal - (most important element; 'the chief aim of living'; 'the main doors were of solid glass'; 'the principal rivers of America'; 'the principal example'; 'policemen were primary targets') WN 'primary': 1. (16) primary - (of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondhand; 'primary goals'; 'a primary effect'; 'primary sources'; 'a primary interest') 3. (7) chief, main, primary, principal - (most important element; 'the chief aim of living'; 'the main doors were of solid glass'; 'the principal rivers of America'; 'the principal example'; 'policemen were primary targets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Important ; owl:disjointWith :Uninteresting . :Principle :ldoce "principle" ; :wnsense "principle1n", "principle2n", "principle3n", "principle4n", "principle5n", "principle6n" ; :wordnet "principle" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Principle is a Rule. This is the most general sense of 'principle', which has multiple nuanced subsenses. The variations in usage are wide enough to make it difficult to discern any common core of meaning more specific than 'rule', but one can identify Rules (such as laws or grammatical rules) that are not Principles. In general, a principle is a Rule that derives from something innate in the character of an action, rather than a rule imposed by fiat; it is a proposition about conduct that is considered true (by someone). This broad sense includes senses 1-3, 6,and 7 in RHW; the other senses are not subtypes. NOTE: 'principle' in the singular is used to mean 'a sense of principle' - a moral sense that one should behave according to moral principles, rather than a single principle itself. This sense appears to be the one intended by RHW sense 5 and WN sense 2 as used in the examples: RHW: 'a person of principle' WN: 'a man of principle' However, WN also gives the example for sense 2: 'he will not violate his principles' which is indistinguishable from sense 5. The Random House Webster has multiple senses: 1. an accepted or professed rule of action or conduct: a person of good moral principles. 2. a fundamental, primary, or general law or truth from which others are derived: the principles of modern physics. 3. a fundamental doctrine or tenet; a distinctive ruling opinion: the principles of the Stoics. 4. principles, a personal or specific basis of conduct or management: to adhere to one's principles; a kindergarten run on modern principles. 5. guiding sense of the requirements and obligations of right conduct: a person of principle. 6. an adopted rule or method for application in action: a working principle for general use. 7. a rule or law exemplified in natural phenomena, the construction or operation of a machine, the working of a system, or the like: the principle of capillary attraction. 8. the method of formation, operation, or procedure exhibited in a given case: a community organized on the patriarchal principle. 9. a determining characteristic of something; essential quality. 10. an originating or actuating agency or force: growth is the principle of life. 11. an actuating agency in the mind or character, as an instinct, faculty, or natural tendency: the principles of human behavior. 12. Chem. a constituent of a substance, esp. one giving to it some distinctive quality or effect. RHW usage notes: 1-3. PRINCIPLE, CANON, RULE imply something established as a standard or test, for measuring, regulating, or guiding conduct or practice. A PRINCIPLE is a general and fundamental truth that may be used in deciding conduct or choice: to adhere to principle. CANON, originally referring to an edict of the Church (a meaning that it still retains), is used of any principle, law, or critical standard that is officially approved, particularly in aesthetics and scholarship: canons of literary criticism. A RULE, usually something adopted or enacted, is often the specific application of a principle: the golden rule. 2. theorem, axiom, postulate, proposition. 5. integrity, probity, rectitude, honor. This type corresponds to senses 1, 3, 5. Senses 4 and 6 seem identical. the 'rationale' sense of should be a 'reason' or 'justification' in WordNet: 1. (14) principle, rule - (a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; 'their principles of composition characterized all their works') 2. (9) principle - (a rule or standard especially of good behavior; 'a man of principle'; 'he will not violate his principles') 3. (7) principle - (a basic truth or law or assumption; 'the principles of democracy') 4. (4) principle, rule - (a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system; 'the principle of the conservation of mass'; 'the principle of jet propulsion'; 'the right-hand rule for inductive fields') 5. (2) principle, precept - (rule of personal conduct) 6. (2) rationale, principle - ((law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature); 'the rationale for capital punishment'; 'the principles of internal-combustion engines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, :Rule . :Print :wnsense "engraving1n" ; :wordnet "engraving" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Print'' is a Picture (a SheetLike PhysicalObject) produced by pressing an image on a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (usually paper or cardboard) by transferring ink from the surface of a cylinder or block that has ink in a pattern conforming to the desired image, or ejected from an orifice of an ink-containing reservoir, onto the paper surface that receives the image. The ink image to be transferred may be created in the intended array by any of several processes, including adding powdered 'toner' to an electrically charged cylinder, as in modern computer printers, or carved or etched into it in some form of 'negative' (reverse image) with the intended printed part *not* engraved into the prnting block. The mage may be created by multiple dots of varying size arranged to make light and dark areas appear from the density of the dots against the light paper background. This is intendedd to include prints produced by all forms of 'printing' including telefax. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Picture . :Printed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Printing ; :ldoce "print" ; :wnsense "printed1adj" ; :wordnet "printed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a text that has been printed on some sheet-like object (usually paper) by means of a printing device - opposed to 'handwritten', 'engraved' 'carved in', 'spray painted on' or other methods of putting text onto a physical object. The printing device can be a commercial press, a laser printer, a dot-matrix printer, or any other device. NOTE: this means 'machine printed'. 'printed' in the sense of not cursive for handwriting is represented as 'PrintedStyleOfWriting' This corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'printed' in (machine printed): in WordNet: 1. (4) printed - (written in print characters or produced by means of e.g. a printing press) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PrintedCircuit :wnsense "printed circuit1n" ; :wordnet "printed circuit" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrintedCircuit'' is a ''ComputerCircuit'' within some ''Computer'' - which can be small and/or without a display. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'printed circuit' in WordNet: 1. printed circuit - (computer circuit consisting of an electronic sub-assembly; copper conductors are laminated on an insulating board or card and circuit components are inserted into holes and dip soldered) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerCircuit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PrintedMaterial :isProducedByEventType :Printing ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PrintedMaterial' is any piece or Group of 'HardcopyInformationBearingObject's on one or more SheetOfSomeStuff's, created by a PrintingDevice. This can include text or graphics or any combination of the two. Printed currency is an instance, as are books, newspapers, magazines, printed flyers, etc. Printed items on stiff cardboard, such as are used in posters and lawn signs, are also instances.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :HexalateralObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrintingDevice ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByDeviceType ] . :PrintedStyleOfWriting :guid "18d0cd86-74b2-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "print" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being in a handwritten form of writing in which characters are printed according to some sort of standard. Unlike the #$CursiveStyleOfWriting, in printed writing, characters tend to be separated from one another by whitespace, since the writing implement is lifted off the page frequently. This is the result of the action 'print' verb senses 2 in Wordnet: 2. (1) print - (write as if with print; not cursive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handwritten ; owl:disjointWith :CursiveStyleOfWriting . :PrintedText :ldoce "print", "type" ; :wnsense "type4n" ; :wordnet "type" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """TextualMaterial that has been printed on a device. This can include parts of a larger text. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'type' in WordNet: 4. (4) type - (printed characters; 'small type is hard to read') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PrintedMaterial, :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Printed ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Printing :ldoce "print" ; :wnsense "print1v", "print4v", "printing3n" ; :wordnet "print", "printing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action causing creation of some PrintedMaterial (see 'Printed') by a machine such as a PrintingPress or ComputerPrinter. This is not 'Writing' - the original creation of a text, but printing out something previously written in a separate Action. Note that this is an Action, not necessarily a HumanActivity, since it could be caused by the action of an atomaton (e.g., printing a warning after receiving some signal). 'Printing' uses Ink of some kind to produce the readable images on the printed page. Includes noun sense 3 of 'printing' and verb sense 4 and possibly part of verb sense 1 of 'print' in WordNet; sense 1 appears to include both physical printing and commercial distribution; the distribution of the printed material is not included in this type. @ToDo: need 'publishing'? in WordNet: 3. printing, printing process - (reproduction by applying ink to paper as for publication) WN verb 'print': 1. (12) print, publish - (put into print; 'The newspaper published the news of the royal couple's divorce'; 'These news should not be printed') 4. print, impress - (reproduce by printing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ApplyingSomethingToSurface, :MakingWrittenMaterial, :VisualInformationGeneratingAct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :PrintedMaterial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericInk ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :PrintingDevice :wnsense "printer3n", "printing machine1n" ; :wordnet "printer", "printing machine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Device designed to create PrintedText or PrintedGraphics - represented by ''HardcopyInformationBearingObject''. This is *not* for 3-D 'printers'. This can range from large web presses used for newspapers to small mobile personal printers for use with a personal computer. @ToDo; hasCapability CreatePrintedMaterial. The inverse relation is asserted, that PrintedMaterial isCreatedByDeviceType PrintingDevice. But the inverse should also be asserted. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'printer' in WordNet: 3. printer, printing machine - (a machine that prints) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrintedMaterial ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :PrintingInk :wnsense "printer's ink1n", "printing ink1n" ; :wordnet "printer's ink", "printing ink" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'printing inks' from: http://cool.conservation-us.org/don/dt/dt2687.html Accessed 20100322 Inks used in printing, consisting of a coloring agent, which may be a plant dye, mineral, or an earth, in a medium (or vehicle) of oil, water, or varnish. Printing inks are categorized according to the process for which they are intended, and, within each category, they may be further divided according to color and categories of quality. Letterpress inks, for example, include colored inks and black inks (halftone ink, jobbing ink, ornamental printing ink, rotary printing ink and special ink). There are also newspaper inks, lithographic printing inks (collotype ink, litho ink and offset ink), photogravure inks (either actual photogravure ink or copperplate ink) and die stamping ink, aniline printing ink, and special inks of various kinds, e.g., carbonizing ink. Printing inks are also categorized according to the manner in which they dry, because rate of drying is considered to be one of the most important properties of an ink. Lithographic and ordinary letterpress inks dry by oxidation, and partly by penetration and evaporation; newspaper ink dries by absorption; and aniline and photogravure inks dry by evaporation. Modern inks which dry on contact with the paper have been perfected, and are used principally on high-speed rotary presses. A recent development in inks is the monomeric ink which dries instantaneously when exposed to certain radiations, such as ultraviolet light or gamma radiations. This type of ink is designed to be used on ultra-high-speed presses. There are also heat-set inks which dry when the paper is passed through a heating chamber at a temperature of about 300 C. (infrared radiation is also used for heating). Cold-set inks, which are solid at room temperature, and which must be heated for printing, dry when the paper is conveyed, following printing, over a cooling cylinder. Steam-set inks, which consist of artificial resins dissolved in a hygroscopic solvent, such as ethylene glycol, dry when the paper web is passed through a steam chamber, where a small quantity of water is absorbed by the layer of ink causing the artificial resin to be deposited in solid form. Another type of quick drying ink is one which is combined with a vehicle which ordinarily solidifies at room temperature but is prevented from doing so by an admixture of substances. In printing, the admixtures are absorbed by the paper and the impression then dries quickly. Consistency of a printing ink is also of considerable importance. Ink is said to be thin when it is easily set in motion, and stiff when it offers comparatively strong resistance to changes in form. A so-called long ink is viscous and can be drawn out into threads, while the opposite is a 'short ink.' In printing varnishes, a distinction is made between weak, medium, and strong (rigid) varnish. Oils are also used as vehicles, and at one time linseed oil was used most often because of its good drying properties, although tung oil was also used extensively. Tung oil dries very rapidly but loses its gloss in the process. Both have been largely replaced by tar and mineral oils. Inks for newspaper printing are compounded in mineral oils, and are very thin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'printing ink' in WordNet: 1. (1) printer's ink, printing ink - (a semisolid quick drying ink made especially for use in printing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Printing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :PrintingPress :ldoce "press" ; :wnsense "press4n", "printing press1n" ; :wordnet "press", "printing press" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PrintingDevice designed to create PrintedText on a commercial scale, as in printing newspapers or books, and relies on applying ink to paper by pressing inked typeset or carved (lithographic) surfaces against the paper. Computer printers that use inkjets or lasers (xerographic processes) for printing are not included.. Antique hand-operated one-plate-at-a-time printing presses *are* included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'press' in WordNet: 4. (1) press, printing press - (a machine used for printing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PrintingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialPrinting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Prion :guid "bece15e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prion1n" ; :wordnet "prion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Prions are infectious proteinaceous particles or, more simply, proteins that lack nucleic acid. Prions are debatable as life forms, and perhaps should not be considered in this category, but in some ways behave like life forms, and therefore are placed here, rather than under the alternaitive of a chemical substance. Cyc comment: The collection of #$Prions (proteinaceous infective particles). Suggested as the causative agents of several infectious diseases such as scrapie (in sheep), kuru and Creutzfeld Jakob disease in man. Apparently contain no nucleic acid. The 27 kD protein of scrapie is related to a normal cell protein and may possibly cause its over production. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prion' in WordNet: 1. prion - ((microbiology) an infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid; thought to be the agent responsible for scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the nervous system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfectiousAgent, :LifeForm, :MicroscopicScaleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protein ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Prior :en "most recent" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Subsequent ; :wnsense "anterior2adj", "earlier1adj", "prior1adj" ; :wordnet "anterior", "earlier", "prior" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Prior' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing (usually an Event) modified existed *before* another event of the same type. For Events that occur reiteratively or in a series, this specifies the previous one in the series that occurred most recently. (NOTE: ''Previous'' is used as the specific label for an ''OrdinalNumber'' that is immediately prior in a series that does not have to be on the tme line.) Compare ''Subsequent'' for the inverse ordered element. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prior' and part of adjective sense 1 of 'earlier (only the comparative) in WordNet: 1. (23) anterior, prior - (earlier in time) WN adj 'earlier': 1. earlier, earliest - ((comparative and superlative of 'early') more early than; most early; 'a fashion popular in earlier times'; 'his earlier work reflects the influence of his teacher'; 'Verdi's earliest and most raucous opera') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PriorOfAnOrder :wnsense "prior1n" ; :wordnet "prior" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PriorOfAnOrder'' is a ''ReligiousSuperior'' who usually has final authority over a religious order,but in some cases is below an 'abbot' in rank. RHW 'prior': 1. an officer in a monastic order or religious house, sometimes next in rank below an abbot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prior' in WordNet: 1. prior - (the head of a religious order; in an abbey the prior is next below the abbot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousSuperior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MonasticOrder ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :PriorityLevel :wnsense "priority1n" ; :wordnet "priority" ; a :ProrityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of ''ProrityLevel'' is a qualitative attribute value that can be used to specify the relative priority (importance, urgency) for tasks under consideration. Initial set of levels (subtypes) ''LowPriority'', ''MediumPriority'' and ''HighPriority''. WN categorizes a 'priority' as a subtype of 'status', but that is not the usage here; in COSMO the only 'status' is a social status. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'priority' in WordNet: 1. (7) precedence, precedency, priority - (status established in order of importance or urgency; '...its precedence as the world's leading manufacturer of pharmaceuticals'; 'national independence takes priority over class struggle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Prism :wnsense "prism1n" ; :wordnet "prism" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an abstract shape, not a physical object. It is a Polyhedron, but it can have 4 or 5 sides (triangular base or rectangular base). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prism' in WordNet: 1. prism - (a polyhedron with two congruent and parallel faces (the bases) and whose lateral faces are parallelograms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polyhedron, :ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical . :Prison :guid "bde9b6d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "prison" ; :wnsense "clink2n", "gaol1n", "jail1n", "jailhouse1n", "pokey1n", "poky1n", "prison house2n", "prison1n", "slammer1n" ; :wordnet "clink", "gaol", "jail", "jailhouse", "pokey", "poky", "prison", "prison house", "slammer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of facilities designed for incarcerating prisoners [#$Prisoner-Legal] and thereby removing them from general circulation among #$ThePublic. A building, set of buildings, or part of a building comprised of #$PrisonCells. COSMO note: the distinction between 'prison' and 'jail' is not made here - it can be added when necessary. SUMO: An installation which is owned and maintained by a Government for the purpose of Confining people. This class covers jails, federal prisons, concentration camps, gulags, etc. Corresponds to moun sense 1 of 'prison' and sense 1 of 'jail' in WordNet: 1. (3) prison, prison house - (a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment) WN noun 'jail': 1. (3) jail, jailhouse, gaol, clink, slammer, poky, pokey - (a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government (either accused persons awaiting trial or convicted persons serving a sentence)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Container, :DetentionFacility, :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Government ] . :PrisonCell :guid "bf0ea816-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cell" ; :wnsense "cell7n" ; :wordnet "cell" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PrisonCell' is a 'Room' within a Prison or lockup of some kind, designed or designated to hold prisoners. @ToDO: this cannot be a subtype of 'SpatialCell' because this is a PhysicalObject and a SpatialCell is a Region, a disjoint type. How to relate to 'SpatialCell'? Cyc: The collection of all containers designed to hold imprisoned human felons (#$Prisoner-Felons). Corresponds to sense 7 of 'cell' in WordNet: 7. cell, jail cell, prison cell - (a room where a prisoner is kept) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cage, :Room, :StorageConstructInABuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Prison ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Prison ] . :PrisonCoolerCell :wnsense "cooler3n", "tank5n" ; :wordnet "cooler", "tank" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrisonCoolerCell'' is a 'PrisonCell' where violent Prisoners are placed in isolation to 'cool off' until they are notlikely to assault other prisoners. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'cooler' in WordNet: 3. cooler, tank - (a cell for violent prisoners) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PrisonCell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViolentConvict ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Prisoner :ldoce "prisoner" ; :wnsense "captive1n", "prisoner1n" ; :wordnet "captive", "prisoner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Prisoner' is a Captive who is a Person. This is used for any Person who is involuntarily confined to some room or facility. Prisoners in prisons, prisoners of war, people in concentration camps, people being forcibly held captive by another person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prisoner' and sense 1 of 'captive' in WordNet: 1. (1) prisoner, captive - (a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Captive, :Person, :Role . :Pristine :contrastsWith :Dirty, :Used ; :en "like new" ; :enadj "like new" ; :wnsense "pristine1adj", "pristine2adj" ; :wordnet "pristine" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Pristine'' is broad and generic,with the basic meaning of 'like new' or 'in its original state'. The meanings in the glosses from RHW are included as well as those from WN (e.g. 'pristine forests'). RHW 'pristine': 1. having its original purity; uncorrupted or unsullied. 2. of or pertaining to the earliest period or state; primitive. Includes but is broader than adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'pristine' in Wordnet: 1. pristine - (completely free from dirt or contamination; 'pristine mountain snow') 2. pristine - (immaculately clean and unused; 'handed her his pristine white handkerchief') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Privacy :wnsense "privacy1n", "privateness2n", "seclusion1n" ; :wordnet "privacy", "privateness", "seclusion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Privacy'' is a form of ''Isolation'' in which a Person or GroupOfPeople is intentionally separated (by any means) from the view of other people. Something as minimal as a curtain (as in a hospital room) can enable some ''Privacy'', or families can have 'Privacy'' from others inside their own homes. Privacy occurs in a ''Private'' place. Not yet (Rev1367) related. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'privacy' in WordNet: 1. (2) privacy, privateness, seclusion - (the quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Isolation, :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alone ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :Private :isTheOppositeOf :Public ; :ldoce "private" ; :wnsense "private1adj" ; :wordnet "private" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not public; concerned with one or a small number of specific individuals. The criterion for something being 'private' is that the individuals who are concerned are on some list and the matter is confined to them. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'private' in WordNet: 1. (44) private - (confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy; 'a private place'; 'private discussions'; 'private lessons'; 'a private club'; 'a private secretary'; 'private property'; 'the former President is now a private citizen'; 'public figures struggle to maintain a private life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PrivateEye :wnsense "PI3n", "dick1n", "gumshoe1n", "private detective1n", "private eye1n", "private investigator1n", "shamus1n" ; :wordnet "PI", "dick", "gumshoe", "private detective", "private eye", "private investigator", "shamus" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrivateEye'' is an ''Investigator'' who is not part of a police organization but performs investigations of various types for private clients, mostly concerning how people have acted. The term 'dick'is also used sometimes for policemen. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'private eye' in WordNet: 1. (12) private detective, PI, private eye, private investigator, operative, shamus, sherlock - (someone who can be employed as a detective to collect information) WN noun 'gumshoe': 1. dick, gumshoe, hawkshaw - (someone who is a detective) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Investigator ; owl:disjointWith :PoliceInvestigator . :PrivateFirstClass :en "private first class" ; :guid "a7e7d908-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrivateFirstClass'' is a ''Soldier'' with a Rank intermediate between #$Private- and #$Corporal in the U.S. Army, and between #$Private and #$LanceCorporal in the U.S. Marine Corps. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryPerson, :Soldier . :PrivateInvestigator a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrivateInvestigator'' is a trained ''Inspector'' working for hire who performs investigations as a service. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'private investigator' in WordNet: 1. private detective, PI, private eye, private investigator, operative, shamus, sherlock - (someone who can be employed as a detective to collect information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Detective, :ServiceProvider, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snooping ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PrivateOrganization :en "non-governmental organization", "private organization", "privately owned organization" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrivateOrganization'' is any ''Organization'' that is not a ''GovernmentalOrganization''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization ; owl:disjointWith :GovernmentalOrganization . :PrivateProperty :guid "0302d22e-4a77-41d7-979a-dcf5ce0d0d26" ; :wnsense "personal estate1n", "personal property1n", "personalty1n", "private property1n" ; :wordnet "personal estate", "personal property", "personalty", "private property" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all things that are owned by private citizens, and not owned by any government or government agency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'private property' in WordNet: 1. (1) personal property, personal estate, personalty, private property - (movable property (as distinguished from real estate)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Property, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Private ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :PublicProperty . :PrivateSchool :wnsense "private school1n" ; :wordnet "private school" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'private school' in WordNet: 1. (3) private school - (a school established and controlled privately and supported by endowment and tuition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :School ; owl:disjointWith :PublicSchool . :PrivateSectorOrganization :en "private sector organization" ; :enn "private sector organization" ; :guid "bff0f785-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$PrivateSectorOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$PrivateSectorOrganization is an organization that operates in the private sector and has no governmental component. Instances of #$PrivateSectorOrganizations may be either #$CommercialOrganizations or #$NonProfitOrganizations. Examples of #$PrivateSectorOrganizations include #$IBMInc, #$Cycorp, #$FloridaNationalBank, and #$SierraClub. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :PrivateSeminary :wnsense "seminary1n" ; :wordnet "seminary" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seminary' in WordNet: 1. (2) seminary - (a private place of education for the young) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PrivateSchool ; owl:disjointWith :PublicSchool . :Privately :contrastsWith :Publicly ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Private ; :wnsense "in private1n", "privately1adv" ; :wordnet "in private", "privately" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Privately'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Action and specifies that the Action was performed in Private, alone or in the presence only of a small number of trusted people who are expected not to reveal the information to others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'privately' in WordNet: 1. (7) privately, in private, in camera - (kept private or confined to those intimately concerned; 'it was discussed privately between the two men'; 'privately, she thought differently'; 'some member of his own party hoped privately for his defeat'; 'he was questioned in private') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Privatization :wnsense "denationalisation1n", "denationalise1v", "denationalization1n", "denationalize1v", "privatisation1n", "privatise1v", "privatization1n", "privatize1v" ; :wordnet "denationalisation", "denationalise", "denationalization", "denationalize", "privatisation", "privatise", "privatization", "privatize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Privatization'' is a ''TransferringOwnership'' in which something of value (a Right or a PhysicalObject such as a tract of land or a factory) is transferred form control of a GovernmentAgency to some ''PrivateSectorOrganization'', usually a corporation. NOTE: 'privatise' in WN is a subtype but is difficult to distinguish from this 'denationalize', and is included here. If a distinction can be made these can be broken apart. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'privatization' in WordNet: 1. denationalization, denationalisation, privatization, privatisation - (changing something from state to private ownership or control) WN verb 'denationalize' 1. denationalize, denationalise - (put under private control or ownership; 'The steel industry was denationalized') WN 'privatize': 1. privatize, privatise - (change from governmental to private control or ownership; 'The oil industry was privatized') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransferringOwnership, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentalOrganization ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :ValuableThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropertyRight ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :PrivateSectorOrganization ] . :Privilege :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfPeople ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Right ; :wnsense "exclusive right1n", "perquisite2n", "prerogative1n", "privilege1n", "privilege2n" ; :wordnet "exclusive right", "perquisite", "prerogative", "privilege" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Privilege'' is an 'Advantage' (a Difference) in which the first entity of the OrderedPair has some Right not available to others in some peer group. A ''Privilege'' can be possessed by an individual ''Person'' or by some ''GroupOfPeople''. Note that a ''GroupOfpeople'' can have as few as one Person as the lower limit. In WN 'exclusive right' is a synonym, and 'exclusive' can refer to some Group having that right. This suggests that a ''Group' having a ''Privilege'' needs to be definable by some criterion. The relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving'' can be used to point to specific ''Right''s that are attached to specific ''Privilege''s. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'Privilege' in WordNet: 1. (8) privilege - (a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all) 2. (3) prerogative, privilege, perquisite, exclusive right - (a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right); 'suffrage was the prerogative of white adult males') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advantage . :Privileged :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :HavingaPrivilege ; :wnsense "privileged1adj" ; :wordnet "privileged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Privileged'' is an AttributeValue of People who have a ''Privilege'', i.e. are performing ''HavingaPrivilege'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'privileged' in Wordnet: 1. (4) privileged - (blessed with privileges; 'the privileged few') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :PrivilegedAgent a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PrivilegedAgent'' is a ''Person'' or GroupOfPeople that has some ''Privilege'', i.e. performs ''HavingaPrivilege'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Privileged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Privilege ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingaPrivilege ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Prize :ldoce "prize" ; :wnsense "award3n", "prize1n" ; :wordnet "award", "prize" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every 'Prize' is a thing given in some 'GivingaPrize' event. A 'Prize' in COSMO can be concrete or abstract, but every 'Prize' is given as a result of a Competition. It could be an Object, a quantity of Money, or an ingtangible honor. Things do not change their essential nature if they are given freely for any purpose, therefore a Prize is considered as a Role. It is unclear how long that Role would last - is something always a Prize, once it is given as such? Not completely resolved. NOTE that in COSMO a 'Prize' (something given in a competition) is not a subtype of 'Gift', nor vice-versa. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prize' amd 'award' sense 3 in WordNet: 1. (9) prize, award - (something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery; 'the prize was a free trip to Europe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Role, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GivingaPrize ] . :Pro :ennp "pros" ; :wnsense "pro1n" ; :wordnet "pro" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pro' in WordNet: 2. pro - (an argument in favor of a proposal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Argument . :Pro-Life :en "anti-abortion" ; :enadj "anti-abortion" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :pertainsTo :Abortion ; :wnsense "pro-life1adj" ; :wordnet "pro-life" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pro-life' in WordNet: 1. pro-life - (advocating full legal protection of embryos and fetuses (especially opposing the legalization of induced abortions)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Pro-Lifer :wnsense "pro-lifer1n" ; :wordnet "pro-lifer" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Opposes Abortion Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pro-lifer' in WordNet: 1. pro-lifer - (an advocate of full legal protection for embryos and fetuses; someone opposed to legalized induced abortion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advocate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pro-Life ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BanningAbortion ; owl:onProperty :hadCauseOrAgentSupported ] . :Proactive :isAnAttributeValueOf :AvoidanceAction, :Precaution ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Precaution ; :wnsense "proactive1adj", "proactive2adj" ; :wordnet "proactive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Proactive'' is an AttributeValue that can characterize a Person who takes action in anticipation of a problem rather than waiting until a problem occurs, or of Actions that are intended to prevent a problem rather than deal with the consequences of a problem. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proactive' in Wordnet: 1. proactive - (descriptive of any event or stimulus or process that has an effect on events or stimuli or processes that occur subsequently; 'proactive inhibition'; 'proactive interference') 2. proactive - ((of a policy or person or action) controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than waiting to respond to it after it happens) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Probability :en "chances" ; :guid "dd585d34-b0fd-41d8-92b2-c8770e8671de" ; :ldoce "chance", "probability" ; :wnsense "chance4n", "odds1n", "probability1n" ; :wordnet "chance", "odds", "probability" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Probability' is a DimensionlessRatio which is a measure of the number of times a certain situation will occur divided by the total number of times a more general situation is observed. This measure may be derived by historical observation and projection of historical trends to the future, or by calculation from component elements of the relevant situation type. Probabilities can be used for various situations, such as the probability that something is true now; the probability that something will become true; the probability that some event will have a particular outcome, and others. An instance of Probability can be represented as a limit, such as 'GreaterThanHalf'; see 'Likely' COSMO note: in COSMO, a 'Probability' may be represented as a number or range, which would be an instance of 'Probability', but may also be represented by a 'VerbalProbability', which is a class that represents a range of values (in the range of 0 to 1). The use of a 'VerbalProbability' allows closer alignment with linguistic usage, and also permits subclassing of values. The 'hasProbability' relation can use either a numerical instance of 'Probability' or a subclass of 'VerbalProbability' as its value. Cyc: A specialization of #$Quantity (q.v.). Each #$Probability is a degree (or range) of likelihood(s) that can be attributed to a statement with respect to the likelihood of its being or becoming true. Although not #$MeasurableQuantity(ies) (q.v.) in the full sense of that term, probabilities are often characterized and compared numerically, along a scale from 0 to 1. (#$ProbabilityFn 0) is certain falsity and (#$ProbabilityFn 1) is certain truth. See also #$ProbabilityInterval, the collection of all real number intervals between 0 and 1 inclusive, and thus of all possible arguments for #$ProbabilityFn. The plural form 'chances' is also used in essentially the same sense. e.g.: 'What are the chances that a meteor will fall in the yard?' - same as 'What is the probability that a meteor will fall in the yard?' The difference may be only one of formality. The form 'chances' may suggest an answer in the form of a ratio - odds, such as '1 in a million'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'probability' and noun sense 4 of 'chance' and sense 1 of 'likelihood' and sense 1 of 'odds' in WordNet: WN 'chance': 4. (2) probability, chance - (a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible; 'the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5') WN noun 'odds': 1. (1) odds - (the likelihood of a thing occurring rather than not occurring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DimensionlessRatio . :ProbabilityOfLoss :en "likelihood of loss", "probability of loss", "risk of loss" ; :wnsense "risk3n" ; :wordnet "risk" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProbabilityOfLoss'' is a 'ProbabilityOfOutcome' that quantifies the likelihood of occurrence some ''PersonalLoss', depending on uncertain variables. There is no general sense of 'risk' like this in WN; the closest is 'risk of infection' Includes but is much broader than noun sense 3 of 'risk' in WordNet: 3. risk, risk of infection - (the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Probability . :ProbabilityOfOutcome :ldoce "chance", "probability" ; :wnsense "chance4n", "probability1n" ; :wordnet "chance", "chances", "probability" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ProbabilityOfOutcome' is a Probability for some outcome of an 'Event'. This measure may be used in cases where the probability is expressed, e.g. by saying 'the probability of X getting elected in 2008 is less than 40 percent'. The Event referenced in this case is the Election event in question. NOTE that the Event whose probability is asserted or measured does not have to be a future event; one can discuss the probability of past Events having happened. NOTE that having a ProbabilityOfOutcome of 0.95-1 is not disjoint with having a ProbabilityOfOutcome of 0.5-1, in fact the former implies the latter. This is because probability ranges are not intended to have accurate and unchanging endpoints, they merely constrain the expected frequency of outcomes. This type reifies what could be represented as a ternary relation: an Event ?E or EventType ?ET will have an outcome with probability ?P. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'probability' in WordNet; NOTE that the plural 'chances' is also indexed by the Wordnet 'chance' and the plural is also used to express a probability 'the chances of success are greater than 90%'. in WordNet: 1. (30) probability, chance - (a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible; 'the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Probability . :ProbabilityPerTimeUnit a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Probability' is a RatioQuantity for which the numerator is a Probability and the denominator is a TimeDuration. It expresses the likelihood of some Event (including InstantaneousEvents or StaticSituations) occurring **at some time point** within each TimeDuration that measure some TimeInterval within a larger specified TimeInterval. This measure may be derived by historical observation and projection of historical trends to the future, or by calculation from component elements of the relevant situation type.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Probability, :RatioQuantity . :ProbabilityRelation :en "probabilistic association", "probability relation" ; :wnsense "association5n", "association6n" ; :wordnet "association" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This category of ''ProbabilityRelation''s covers all relationships between entities of any kind that have some basis in probability of co-ocurrence, or mathematically derived likelihoods, and in particular associations that are discovered by statistical anaysis of quantities of data, such as in 'Deep Learning' methods. NOTE that 'association' and 'correlation' do not necesarily imply causality between two phenomena, but are used as one type of evidence for causality. The Class of Relations that permit assessment of the probability of an event or situation. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation'/) This is represented by the term 'association' but this is not a process or a physical phenomenon, but is an AbstractObject containing numbers relating entities in any of many different ways, and representing the probabilities of. things co-occurring or events causing other events. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 6 of 'association' in WordNet: 6. association - (a relation resulting from interaction or dependence; 'flints were found in association with the prehistoric remains of the bear'; 'the host is not always injured by association with a parasite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :ProbabilityType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProbabilityType'' is a metatype used to allow specifying either precise or vague estimates for the probability of some situation, past, present, or future..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Probable :wnsense "likely1adj", "likely2adj", "probable1adj", "probable2adj" ; :wordnet "likely", "probable" ; a :MeasureType, :ProbabilityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Probable' is a 'VerbalProbability', an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that has at least 50% chance to be true, in some Possible World. This represents a range of numerical probabilities from 0.5 to 1.0. This has essentially the same meaning as 'Likely', which is an instance of 'Probability' Includes both adjective senses of 'probable' and sense 1 and 2 of 'likely' in WordNet: 1. (11) probable, likely - (likely but not certain to be or become true or real; 'a likely result'; 'he foresaw a probable loss') 2. (2) probable - (apparently destined; 'the probable consequences of going ahead with the scheme') WN adj 'likely': 1. (61) likely - (has a good chance of being the case or of coming about; 'these services are likely to be available to us all before long'; 'she is likely to forget'; 'a likely place for a restaurant'; 'the broken limb is likely to fall'; 'rain is likely'; 'a likely topic for investigation'; 'likely candidates for the job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possible, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :ProbablyFalse :wnsense "improbable1adj", "improbable2adj", "improbable3adj", "unlikely1adj" ; :wordnet "improbable", "unlikely" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ProbablyFalse is a level of credibility that applies to an assertion that is contradicted by strong evidence or well-established principles. Having a Probability less than 0.5. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'improbable; in WOrdNet: 1. (1) improbable, unlikely - (not likely to be true or to occur or to have occurred; 'legislation on the question is highly unlikely'; 'an improbable event') 2. improbable, unbelievable, unconvincing, unlikely - (having a probability too low to inspire belief) 3. improbable, marvelous, marvellous, tall - (too improbable to admit of belief; 'a tall story') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TruthValue . :ProbablyTrue :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :LinguisticAssertion ; :ldoce "probable" ; :wnsense "probable1adj", "probable2adj" ; :wordnet "probable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ProbablyTrue is a level of credibility that ranges from having some meaningful evidence to having several confirming assertions. NOTE that 'probable can be the attribute of something that currently exsts or existed in the past, not only future events: 'the probable cause of the accident was mechanical failure'. Includes both adjective senses of 'probable' in WordNet: 1. (11) probable, likely - (likely but not certain to be or become true or real; 'a likely result'; 'he foresaw a probable loss') 2. (2) probable - (apparently destined; 'the probable consequences of going ahead with the scheme') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TruthValue . :ProbationPeriod :wnsense "probation1n" ; :wordnet "probation" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This can be the ''TimeInterval' during which some ''Authority'' allows some specific Person to continue performing some Action while observing and evaluating the Action, to allow it to continue longer or to stop it. This is used for different types of Actions being evaluated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'probation' in WordNet: 1. probation - (a trial period during which your character and abilities are tested to see whether you are suitable for work or for membership) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TrialPeriod . :Probatory :isAnAttributeValueOf :ProbatoryEvidence ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Proving ; :wnsense "probative1adj", "probatory1adj" ; :wordnet "probative", "probatory" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'probatory' in WordNet: 1. probative, probatory - (tending to prove a particular proposition or to persuade you of the truth of an allegation; 'evidence should only be excluded if its probative value was outweighed by its prejudicial effect') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conclusive, :Significant . :ProbatoryEvidence :en "conclusive evidence", "convincing evidence", "definitive evidence", "probatory evidence" ; :enn "conclusive evidence", "convincing evidence", "definitive evidence", "probatory evidence" ; :ldoce "proof" ; :wnsense "cogent evidence1n", "proof1n" ; :wordnet "cogent evidence", "proof" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ProbatoryEvidence' is Evidence (usually in the form of an observation that is reliable) that is strong enough to be considered as obvious grounds, in combination with a simple reasoning method, to be considered as Proof of some Assertion. In COSMO 'Proof' is a logical deductive argument, but it can use Evidence as one or more of the Premises. WN ;proof': in WordNet: 1. (10) proof, cogent evidence - (any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something; 'if you have any proof for what you say, now is the time to produce it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence, :PhysicalTrace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Probatory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proving ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :ProblemCausingEvent :ldoce "problem" ; :wnsense "problem2n" ; :wordnet "problem" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ProblemCausingEvent' is an ''CausingSomething'' that causes a ProblemSituation (which may be a StaticSituation). Not every ''ProblemSituation'' needs to be caused by a ''ProblemCausingEvent'', and ProblemSituations that do have ''ProblemCausingEvents'' need not have the ProblemCausingEvent specified if it is not relevant to the issues of concern, i.e a given type of ''ProblemSituation'' may be caused by different events at different times.. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'problem' in WordNet: 2. (120) trouble, problem - (a source of difficulty; 'one trouble after another delayed the job'; 'what's the problem?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemSituation ] . :ProblemSituation :ldoce "problem" ; :wnsense "problem1n" ; :wordnet "problem" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ProblemSituation is a ''PersistentState'', which may have been caused by a specific ''ProblemCausingEvent'', that is a cause for Concern to some 'IntentionalAgent' (usually a Person). Typically, the agent for whom it is a problem will want to resolve the situation and remove the problem, and that agent then interprets this situation as a ''Task'' (chore) to to be addressed in some way (perhaps by fisting its solution off on someone else). For academic 'problems' presented to students, use 'ProblemToBeSolved'. Animals are not excluded from agents that might have a Concern, so animals may have ProblemSituations (e.g. a mother cat looking for a lost kitten). An Event that causes a ProblemSituation is termed a 'ProblemCausingEvent' in COSMO The restriction requires, for each instance of 'Problem' a specification of the instance of 'DirectedFeeling' (fear, concern) that is caused by the Problem, i.e. what kind of Problem it is perceived to be by someone. The instance of DirectedFeeling will contain within it a specification of the Agent to whom it is a Problem. It also requires specification of an instance of a 'ProblemToBeSolved', which is an AbstractString representing a LogicalAssertion citing the existence of the ProblemSituation (in some World, real or hypothetical), and its logical description. The logical description portion of the ProblemToBeSolved may be symbolically identical to the representation of the 'ProblemSituation' itself, if the logical language used is the same as that of the ontology. In that case, to avoid duplicationm the 'ProblemToBeSolved' and 'ProblemSituation' may cross-reference each other. But the difference between a logical representation of a problem in a ProblemToBeSolved and its representation in a ProblemSituation is that the ProblemToBeSolved form is interpreted as a String, which in effect is only a rerpresentation of the ProblemSituation, wheras the instance of ProblemSituation is interpreted as the situation itself. NOTE: this method of specifying Problem does not allow us to call a situation a 'Problem' unless the Agent for whom it is a Problem is aware of and concerned about it. We may need another kind of objective 'problem' that *would be* of concern to an agent, if that agent knew about it and understood it. As of version 0.46, that kind of 'problem' is not represented in COSMO. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'problem' in WordNet: 1. (331) problem, job - (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; 'she and her husband are having problems'; 'it is always a job to contact him'; 'urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog') 2. (120) trouble, problem - (a source of difficulty; 'one trouble after another delayed the job'; 'what's the problem?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DirectedFeeling ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingaTask ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProblemToBeSolved ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ] . :ProblemSolvingProcedure :wnsense "technique1n" ; :wordnet "technique" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProblemSolvingProcedure'' is a 'Procedure' for ''InferringaProblemSolution''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProceduralKnowledge, :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SolvingaProblem ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :InferringaProblemSolution ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :ProblemToBeSolved :guid "bf5556b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "problem" ; :wnsense "problem3n", "puzzle1n" ; :wordnet "problem", "puzzle" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This type represents any LogicalAssertion (an AbstractText, an AbstractSymbolicObject) that asserts the existence of a ProblemSituation *and* describes or refers to the nature of that Situation (e.g.. by creating a filler for the 'hasMainTopic' slot). Note that to create an instance of ProblemToBeSolved, it is necessary also to create a representation of the ProblemSituation. NOTE that this is an AbstractString, not the propositional content of the string. **NOTE** that it is the PhysicalSituation that is described by this LogicalAssertion that is the 'problem' that is addressed by an IntelligentAgent who interprets it as presenting a ''Task''. The collection of all problems that sentient beings could conceivably be called upon to solve (expressed as sentences in CycL). Solving the problem may include determining the truth of a proposition [#$TruthVerificationProblem], answering a question [#$QueryProblem], or ensuring that some proposition becomes true [#$AchieveSituationProblem]. This is an abstract assertion about a problem to be solved, not the actual situation. This is closest to the WordNet sense 3 of 'problem', as a question for consideration, but this is an abstract representation that is broader in some respects and narrower in other respects than the WordNet sense 3: This also includes part of sense 1 of ;puzzle' in WordNet: 3. (70) problem - (a question raised for consideration or solution; 'our homework consisted of ten problems to solve') WN noun 'puzzle': 1. puzzle, puzzler, mystifier, teaser - (a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution; 'he loved to solve chessmate puzzles'; 'that's a real puzzler') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LogicalAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemSituation ] . :Procedural :pertainsTo :LearningProcedure, :ProceduralKnowledge, :Procedure ; :wnsense "procedural1adj" ; :wordnet "procedural" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Procedural'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'procedural' in Wordnet: 1. (4) procedural - (of or relating to procedure; 'a procedural violation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ProceduralKnowledge :en "procedural knowledge" ; :wnsense "know-how1n" ; :wordnet "know-how" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProceduralKnowledge'' is some body of Knowledge that enables a knower to properly execute a ''Procedure''. Commonly called 'know-how' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'know-how' in WordNet: 1. (1) know-how - (the (technical) knowledge and skill required to do something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledge . :Procedure :ldoce "means", "method", "way" ; :wnsense "means1n", "method1n", "procedure1n", "process1n", "way2n" ; :wordnet "means", "method", "procedure", "process", "way" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Procedure is the most general Type that is an abstract representation of a **sequence** of actions that an agent (person, organization, automaton) might take to achieve some specific goal state. NOTE that the parent type 'Method' can also be a way of accomplishing a Goal, but is not necessarily represented as stepwise. Each 'Procedure' therefore specifies an 'ActionGroup' of individual actions that accomplish some goal, amd also contains, perhaps, some other elements such as criteria for suitability). Refs: Procedure[SUMO] Method[DOLCE] Each known Procedure is an abstract 'resource' that an Agent has as a possible tool to use when confronted with a Goal 'G', in the manner of 'cause-based reasoning': IF I want to achieve this goal-state G AND the current state is S, AND procedure P345 is expected to achieve that goal state from that starting state S AND the resources (including time) are available to execute procedure P345 AND no negative consequences (with a cost greater than the benefit of achieving goal-state) will result from executing procedure P345 (This also implies that executing P345 will not preclude achieving a goal of greater importance than goal sate G) THEN execute P345. The individual 'states' resulting from each step of a Procedure will be instances of 'AbstractState'. 'hasExecutionEvent' relates each 'Procedure' (or type of Procedure) with the specific executed 'Action' (or type of 'Action') that was specified by the Procedure. Procedures will form the ontological analogue of 'procedural memory' in people. DOLCE: A description that contains a specification to do, realize, behave, etc. Subclasses are plan, technique, practice, project, etc. A sequence-dependent specification. Some examples are industrial processes, ''ComputerPrograms'', finite-state machines, cooking recipes, musical scores, conference schedules, driving directions, and the scripts of plays and movies. In Cyc the class 'DevisedStructuredActivity' has some of the same elements, but a Procedure is a specialization of that category, being that set of activities that have more required order in the execution of the actions specified. This distinction shows up in the category of 'Game' being a subtype of DevisedStructuredActivity' while an industrial process would be a subtype of 'Procedure'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'method, sense 1 of 'procedure', and sense 2 of 'means' and sense 2 of 'way' in WordNet: WN 'method': 1. (112) method - (a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)) WN 'means' 1. (55) means, agency, way - (how a result is obtained or an end is achieved; 'a means of control'; 'an example is the best agency of instruction'; 'the true way to success') WN 'procedure' 1. (41) procedure, process - (a particular course of action intended to achieve a result; 'the procedure of obtaining a driver's license'; 'it was a process of trial and error') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Method, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ActionGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Proceeds :wnsense "issue8n", "payoff3n", "proceeds1n", "return6n", "take1n", "takings1n", "yield3n" ; :wordnet "issue", "payoff", "proceeds", "return", "take", "takings", "yield" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: the distinctions and relations between ''Proceeds' ''PaymentAmount'', ''Income'', Wages'', ''Profit'' and closely related types of money received have not yet been fully analyzed. @ToDo. rev1705 The WN gloss suggests that this should be net profit. That is not yet represented. 'gross' versus 'net' income needs to be distinguished.@ToDo. See also attribute ''Gross-NoDeductions''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proceeds' in WordNet: 1. (3) return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff - (the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property; 'the average return was about 5%') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaymentAmount . :ProcessBoundary :BFO "ProcessBoundary", "process_boundary" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """BFO Definition: A processual entity that is the fiat or bona fide process boundary. COSMO note:not used directly. BFO: Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary. BFO: Examples: birth, death, the forming of a synapse, the onset of REM sleep, the detaching of a finger in an industrial accident, the final separation of two cells at the end of cell-division, the incision at the beginning of a surgery. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InstantaneousEvent, :SubEvent . :ProcessComponentEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ProcessComponentEvent is an Event that is a component of a 'ProcessiveEvent'. Each ProcessStage will be the result of some Event that causes the ProcessStage. The starting stage of a ProcessiveEvent is not a 'ProcessStage', unless it is the result of an 'initiation' Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProcessiveEvent ] . :ProcessIsCompleted a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ProcessIsCompleted' is a 'ProcessStage' that is the last stage of the 'ProcessiveEvent'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessStage . :ProcessStage :ldoce "stage" ; :wnsense "stage1n" ; :wordnet "stage" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ProcessStage is a PersistentState that is a component of a 'ProcessiveEvent'. Each ProcessStage will be the result of some Event that causes the ProcessStage. The starting stage of a ProcessiveEvent is not a 'ProcessStage', unless it is the result of an 'initiation' Event. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'stage' in WordNet, being more specialized in that it applies only to relatively stable periods during a ProcessiveEvent, and not to the transitions.: in WordNet: 1. (266) phase, stage - (any distinct time period in a sequence of events; 'we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProcessiveEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProcessComponentEvent ] . :ProcessStep :ldoce "measure", "step" ; :wnsense "measure4n", "step1n" ; :wordnet "measure", "step" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ProcessStep is a ProcessComponentEvent that is a realization of part of a 'Procedure'. This represents the notion of 'taking a step' in the course of executing some Procedure or plan to accomplish something. This is a specialization of the parent 'ProcessComponentEvent' in that it is an Action performed by a person (or group) for a purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'step' and sense 4 of 'measure' in WordNet: 1. (41) measure, step - (any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal; 'the situation called for strong measures'; 'the police took steps to reduce crime') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ProcessComponentEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ExecutingaProcedure ] . :ProcessType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of FunctionalProcess as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Process_DOLCE a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: as of v0.36, this DOLCE category has not been properly integrated into COSMO. DOLCE: Within stative occurrences, we distinguish between states and processes according to homeomericity: sitting is classified as a state but running is classified as a process, since there are (very short) temporal parts of a running that are not themselves runnings. In general, processes differ from situations because they are not assumed to have a description from which they depend. They can be sequenced by some course, but they do not require a description as a unifying criterion. On the other hand, at any time, one can conceive a description that asserts the constraints by which a process of a certain type is such, and in this case, it becomes a situation. Since the decision of designing an explicit description that unifies a perdurant depends on context, task, interest, application, etc., when aligning an ontology do DLP, there can be indecision on where to align a process-oriented class. For example, in the WordNet alignment, we have decided to put only some physical processes under 'process', e.g. 'organic process', in order to stress the social orientedness of DLP. But whereas we need to talk explicitly of the criteria by which we conceive organic processes, these will be put under 'situation'. Similar considerations are made for the other types of perdurants in DOLCE. A different notion of event (dealing with change) is currently investigated for further developments: being 'achievement', 'accomplishment', 'state', 'event', etc. can be also considered 'aspects' of processes or of parts of them. For example, the same process 'rock erosion in the Sinni valley' can be conceptualized as an accomplishment (what has brought the current state that e.g. we are trying to explain), as an achievement (the erosion process as the result of a previous accomplishment), as a state (if we collapse the time interval of the erosion into a time point), or as an event (what has changed our focus from a state to another). In the erosion case, we could have good motivations to shift from one aspect to another: a) causation focus, b) effectual focus, c) condensation d) transition (causality). If we want to consider all the aspects of a process together, we need to postulate a unifying descriptive set of criteria (i.e. a 'description'), according to which that process is circumstantiated in a 'situation'. The different aspects will arise as a parts of a same situation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :stative_DOLCE . :Process_PSL :ldoce "process" ; :wnsense "process1n" ; :wordnet "process" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PSL Process is here represented as a procedure with discrete steps, whose realization ('hasExecutionEvent') is a 'ProcessiveEvent', a series of Events (usually Actions) interspersed with their resulting PersistentStates. NOTE that an instance of this type is a 'Description', which is a 'Specification' for actions, (a MentalObject) this is not the actions themselves. The rich formalization of PSL is not yet added in. See 'http://www.mel.nist.gov/psl/psl-ontology/' or search for 'PSL ontology' for more detail In PSL there may be some formalized relations that are not contemplated in the WordNet sense 1 of 'process', but of the Wordnet synsets, that comes closest to the meaning intended. in WordNet: 1. (63) procedure, process - (a particular course of action intended to achieve a result; 'the procedure of obtaining a driver's license'; 'it was a process of trial and error') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ProcessiveEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Processed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ProcessingSomething ; :wnsense "processed1adj" ; :wordnet "processed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Processed'' is something has has been subjected to a ''ProcessingSomething'' Action. Food, substances, information. NOTE that ''Refined-Purified'' is a subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'processed' in WordNet: 1. (1) processed - (subjected to a special process or treatment; 'prepared ergot'; 'processed cheeses are easy to spread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ProcessedNaturalObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ProcessedNaturalObject is a natural object that has been removed from its natural setting or modified in place by people, for some purpose. When the modification is intended to create some object that has a purpose, that object becomes an ArtifactObject.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive . :ProcessedNaturalSubstance a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ProcessedNaturalSubstance is a substance found in nature that has been removed from its natural setting or modified in place by people, for some purpose. When the modification is intended to create some substance that has a purpose, that object also becomes an ArtificialSubstance.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance . :ProcessingContainer a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Container designed to hold something temporarily while it is being processed in some way. The object contained should come out having some attributes different from when it went in. Something happens inside. \"ProcessingSomething\" Clasic example: an Oven.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Processor ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProcessingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ProcessingSomething :en "converting" ; :wnsense "convert1v", "process2v", "processing1n", "treat2v" ; :wordnet "convert", "process", "processing", "treat" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProcessingSomething'' is ''ExecutingaProcedure'' that uses some resource (of any kind that can be manipulated) to cause a change in something (physical or abstract), Object or Substance (but could be as simple as whipping something by hand). This is very general, and can represent processing substances like food or raw minerals or abstract objects like information or images. It can also represent abstract stuff such as Information or InformationObjects. ''ProcessingSomething''must use some type of ''Procedure' as guide (even if only in a Person's brain) otherwise it can be represented by ''PhysicalTransformationEvent''. 'Processing' done by internal proceses of Organisms are not included in this type. The ''Input'' of this Action is pointed to by relation 'hadChangedEntity'' inherited from ''BecomingEvent''); The ''Input'' can also be specified by relation ''processes'' but that relation can also be used to specify what a ''Processor'' (Device) can 'process'. The ''Output'' of this Action is pointed to by the relation 'produced''; NOTE: the differences between this type and ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' are that ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' uses only physical inputs and ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' is not necessarily performed using a ''Procedure'. So this type is more general in one respect, and more specific in another respect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'processing' and part of verb sense 2 of 'process' (only part of 'treat' is relevant - treating the lawn is not included) in WordNet: 1. (2) processing - (preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure; 'the processing of newly arrived immigrants'; 'the processing of ore to obtain minerals') WN verb 'proess': 2. (121) process, treat - (subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; 'process cheese'; 'process hair'; 'treat the water so it can be drunk'; 'treat the lawn with chemicals' ; 'treat an oil spill') WN verb 'convert':: 1. (19) convert - (change the nature, purpose, or function of something; 'convert lead into gold'; 'convert hotels into jails'; 'convert slaves to laborers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Procedure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Output ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Input ; owl:onProperty :processes ] . :Procession :ldoce "procession" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Procession' is a group of people moving along a linear path in some sequence that is ordered according to some agreed rules. This is a PhysicalObject - a GroupOfPeople, not something abstract. The Eventin which this group of people participate is a 'ProcessionEvent'. A 'Procession' is usually formal or cermonious (as a procession of students at a graduating ceremony, or a funeral procession); however, the requirement for formality is not absolute, as a orderly movement that looks like it is formal but is not can also meet the criteria for being an instance of this type. The Event in which such a GroupOfPeople moves in that way is a 'ProcessionEvent'. In dictionary senses, animals are usually included in the definition of 'procession' in COSMO this is only for people; if needed, its meaning may be expanded or a parallel term for non-human animals may be created. This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'procession' in RHW, but there is no corresponding sense in WordNet. 1. the act of moving along or proceeding in orderly succession or in a formal and ceremonious manner, as a line of people, animals, vehicles, etc. 2. the line or body of persons or things moving along in such a manner. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :PhysicalSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProcessionEvent ] . :ProcessionEvent :ldoce "procession" ; :wnsense "procession2v" ; :wordnet "procession" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialGathering'' in which some GroupOfPeople (possibly in vehicles) form a ''Procession'' and move in an orderly manner, usually by forming a line (which may have more than one person in a row) and moving along the same route. Vehicles may be ridden during a procession, but this is a SocialGathering, and the ProcessionEvent cannot have a commercial purpose. Some element of ceremony or formality is required to make something a 'ProcessionEvent' but the criteria are broad. However, the movement of a military column is *not* a Procession, nor is a group of people moving along the same route in a competition such as a race. A ProcessionEvent can be a funeral procession, a procession of students at a graduation, or even a parade; a ProcessionEvent need not be solemn. A ProcessionEvent usually takes place on a surface- on land or sea ('an awesome procession of tall ships up the river'), but a Procession of airplanes is a possible instance. The size, purpose, and location of a ''Procession'' can be from very small to very large. A scripted ''Procession'' performed for the purpose of displaying or commemorating or celebrating something, in anticipation of being seen by a group of spectators, is categorized as the subtype ''ParadeEvent'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'procession' in WordNet; only the movement of people is included in this type: in WordNet: 2. procession - (the group action of a collection of people or animals or vehicles moving ahead in more or less regular formation; 'processions were forbidden') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalEvent, :SocialGathering, :Translation-SingleTrajectory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :ProcessiveAction :ldoce "operation", "process" ; :wnsense "operation3n", "procedure2n", "process1n" ; :wordnet "operation", "procedure", "process" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ProcessiveAction' is an Action (an Event in which an Agent perform some activity) which takes places as a series of component Actions. This can be, but does not have to be, an execution of a ''Procedure''. This is a Series of Actions that are related steps executing a ''ProblemSolvingProcedure'' and having some common end Goal. This corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'process' and to senses 1 and 2 of 'procedure' and noun sense 3 of 'operation' in WordNet: 1. (63) procedure, process - (a particular course of action intended to achieve a result; 'the procedure of obtaining a driver's license'; 'it was a process of trial and error') WN noun 'procedure': 2. (15) operation, procedure - (a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work; 'the operations in building a house'; 'certain machine operations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessiveEvent, :PurposefulAction, :SeriesWithoutRepetition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Procedure ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :ProcessiveEvent a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ProcessiveEvent' is an Event that consists of a sequence of PersistentStates separated by transition Events. This is related to 'Process_PSL' in that the PSL model of states separated by changes (events) aligns with this type of Event, but 'Process_PSL' is not a physical Event, but a Procedure whose realization is an instance of this type 'ProcessiveEvent'. But not every 'ProcessiveEvent' will be an execution of a Procedure, as there will also be natural ProcessiveEvents. The PersistentStates of a ProcessiveEvent will be 'ProcessStage's, except perhaps the starting stage. The starting stage may also be a 'ProcessStage' if it is represented as the result of an 'initiation' Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :EventGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :ProcessStage ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :ProcessComponentEvent ) ] ] . :Processor :en "processor" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most general concept of 'processor, meaning a ''Device'' that 'processes' something,i.e. converts some ''Input'' into something with different characteristics.. Many, perhaps most Devices change some attribute of the things it comes in contact with, but this relation should be used to characterize Devices whose main function is to change some property of the 'input' objects or substance into something significantly different, even if only by changing the shape. RHW has sense 1: This is the 'thing' (not the person) that processes. 1. a person or thing that processes. Includes but is much broader than noun sense 1 of 'processor' in WordNet; that sense is represented by 'CentralProcessingUnit'' and is not used as label here. in WordNet: 3. central processing unit, CPU, C.P.U., central processor, processor, mainframe - ((computer science) the part of a computer (a microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing; 'the CPU and the memory form the central part of a computer to which the peripherals are attached') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :processes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Input :InputType :EnergySource :Object :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType :EventType ) ] ] . :ProcessualContext :BFO "ProcessualContext" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProcessualContext'' is a BFO type that appears intended to represent a 'context for some Event. in BFO this is disjoint from ''Event'' but in COSMO it is closely related as a subtype of ''EventGroup'' that itself can be represented as an ''Event''. In COSMO prior to linking to BFO, there appears to be no type equvalent to this. Usage is at this point (rev1503) is yet to be determined. BFO 'ProcessualContext': BFO: Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape inhering in some arrangement of other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities. Processual context [span:ProcessualContext] entities are characteristically entities at or in which other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities can be located or occur. BFO: Examples: The processual context for a given manipulation occurring as part of an experiment is made of processual entities which occur in parallel, are not necessarily all parts of the experiment themselves and may involve continuant [snap:Continuant] entities which are in the spatial vicinity of the participants in the experiment. BFO: Comment: An instance of a processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is a mixture of processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] which stand as surrounding environments for other processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities. The class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is the analogous among occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities to the class site [snap:Site] among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCorrelatedWith ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventGroup :EventType ) ] ] . :ProcessualEntity :BFO "ProcessualEntity" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProcessualEntity'' is a BFO type that appears to be a union of ''Event'' and ''EventGroup''. in BFO it has five components, but two of those appear to be different views or subtypes of COSMO ''Event''. Since BFO itself has no subtypes for those component types, it is difficult to distinguish them based only on the glosses. The BFO components are: The Corresponding COSMO types are: Process An Event (the parent type of all but the EventGroup) FiatProcessPart An Event that is a subEvent of a larger Event ProcessBoundary ''ProcessBoundary'' is an ''InstantaneousEvent'' that is one end of an Event, and therefore a 'subEvent' of that Event. (but NOt used - instantaneous not used in COSMO) ProcessAggregate An ''EventGroup'' ProcessualContext An EventGroup that cooccurs with or is in some way associated with another Event. BFO'ProcessualEntity': BFO: Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. BFO: Examples: the life of an organism, the process of meiosis, the course of a disease, the flight of a bird. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationProcessEventOrState ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventGroup ) ] . :Proclaiming :wnsense "exclaim2v", "proclaim2v", "promulgate1v" ; :wordnet "exclaim", "proclaim", "promulgate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Proclaiming'' is a formal ''Declaring'', by some Authority. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prolaim' in WordNet: 2. (10) proclaim, exclaim, promulgate - (state or announce; ''I am not a Communist,' he exclaimed'; 'The King will proclaim an amnesty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Declaring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proclamation ] . :ProclaimingaTitle :wnsense "proclaim1v" ; :wordnet "proclaim" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ProclaimingaTitle is an ''Entitling'' performed by some high Authority (a King or head of state) giving a ''PositionTitle'' to a Person. This need not be a title of nobility, it could be a title associated with some Honor, e.g. 'Nobel Laureate'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'proclaim' in WordNet: 1. (13) proclaim - (declare formally; declare someone to be something; of titles; 'He was proclaimed King') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Entitling . :Proclamation :wnsense "proclamation1n", "proclamation2n" ; :wordnet "proclamation" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Proclamation'' is the Assertion produced by a ''Proclaiming'' Action. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'proclamation' in WordNet: 1. (6) announcement, proclamation, annunciation, declaration - (a formal public statement; 'the government made an announcement about changes in the drug war'; 'a declaration of independence') 2. proclamation, promulgation - (the formal act of proclaiming; giving public notice; 'his promulgation of the policy proved to be premature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Declaration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proclaiming ] . :Proclivity :wnsense "leaning2n", "proclivity1n", "propensity2n" ; :wordnet "leaning", "proclivity", "propensity" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tendency'' to certain behaviors, applied specifically to humans. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proclivity' in Wordnet: 1. proclivity, propensity, leaning - (a natural inclination; 'he has a proclivity for exaggeration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonTraitValue . :Procrastinating :en "shilly-shally" ; :env "shilly-shally" ; :wnsense "dilly-dally1v", "dillydally1v", "drag one's feet1v", "drag one's heels1v", "procrastinate1v", "shillyshally2v", "stall1v" ; :wordnet "dilly-dally", "dillydally", "drag one's feet", "drag one's heels", "procrastinate", "shillyshally", "stall" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Procrastinating''' is a ''Delaying'' by some Person in performing some Action, usually a task or duty, and usually regardless of whether the task has to be performed at some time. 'Waiting until the last moment' is an example. This can be caused by a dislike of the task, or some other task that is more pressing or less unleasant. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'procrastinate' in WordNet: 1. (1) procrastinate, stall, drag one's feet, drag one's heels, shillyshally, dilly-dally, dillydally - (postpone doing what one should be doing; 'He did not want to write the letter and procrastinated for days') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delaying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uncertainty ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Proctologist :guid "bd58c7c2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "proctologist1n" ; :wordnet "proctologist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Proctologists specialize in the branch of medicine dealing with the structure and diseases of the anus, rectum, and the sigmoid colon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proctologist' in WordNet: 1. proctologist - (a doctor specializing in diseases of the rectum and anus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anus ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Proctor :wnsense "monitor2n", "proctor1n" ; :wordnet "monitor", "proctor" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Proctor'' is someone who wathces the atcitivies of other people to be certain that they follow the rules of some Organization in some specific circustance. This can be while students take examinations, or while they are doing other activities (as a hall monitor'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proctor' in WordNet: 1. proctor, monitor - (someone who supervises (an examination)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministrativeStaffPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Monitoring ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Procuring :wnsense "procural1n", "procurance1n", "procure1v", "procurement1n", "secure1n" ; :wordnet "procural", "procurance", "procure", "procurement", "secure" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PhysicalObject'' is the Action of ''Obtaining'' a ''PhysicalObject'' performed by an indidivual Person or an Organization. For an indidivual person, this often includes a 'trip' to obtain the object, but could be accomplished by telephone or other remote communication to a source that delivers the desired Object. The Object(s) or supplies obtained may be or the use of the Person doing the ''Procuring'' or for another agent to whom the Object(s) will be delivered (as an agent) or sold. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'procure' in WordNet: 1. (3) procure, secure - (get by special effort; 'He procured extra cigarettes even though they were rationed') WN noun sense 1 of 'procurement': 1. (8) procurement, procurance, procural - (the act of getting possession of something; 'he was responsible for the procurement of materials and supplies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcquisitionOfProperty, :Obtaining, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalPossession ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :resultsInAcquisitionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supplies ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ] . :Procyonid :wnsense "procyonid1n" ; :wordnet "procyonid" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'procyonid' in WordNet: 1. procyonid - (plantigrade carnivorous mammals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore . :ProddingDevice :wnsense "goad1n", "prod2n" ; :wordnet "goad", "prod" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProddingDevice'' is a ''Device'' with a pointed end that is stuck into an animal to make the animal move. This includes prods that are shaped like a pole as well as the ''Spur''s worn in riding horses. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'prod' in WordNet: 2. prod, goad - (a pointed instrument that is used to prod into a state of motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :PointyEndedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thrusting ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ProducingaMovie :en "producing a movie" ; :enn "producing a movie" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProducingaMovie'' is a ''ProducingaShow'' where the 'show' is a recording of some Events, usually having people in it, but not necessarily, as this includes documentaries which may have no actors,and in the case of nature documentaries, perhaps no people (except for a narrator adding sound). Ther may be more than one formal ''MovieProducer'' credited in producing a movie. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProducingaShow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MovieProducer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Movie :MovieRecord :MovieFilm ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FilmingaMovie :MakingaMovie ) ] ] . :ProducingaShow :wnsense "producer2n" ; :wordnet "producer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProducingaShow'' is an Action performed by a Person who organizes and finds financing for a ''EntertainmentPerformance'' (a show) of some kind - play, movie, or other. There may be more than one ''Producer'' of a ''EntertainmentPerformance'', in which case they are co-producers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'producer' in WordNet: 2. (5) producer - (someone who finds financing for and supervises the making and presentation of a show (play or film or program or similar work)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, :Production, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :EntertainmentPerformance ] . :Product :ldoce "product" ; :wnsense "end product1n", "output1n", "product1n" ; :wordnet "end product", "output", "product" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Product is something of a kind that is or was usually created with the intention that it be sold in exchange for money or some other valuable thing. It may be a physical object (or substance), a service, or a right. A stock option, for example,is categorized as a right rather than an object or service, but is created as a 'Product' for sale. Because things created commercially may also be created by individuals for their own use, being a Product does not necessarily mean that each individual instance was in fact created with the intention to be sold. Creation for sale means that things of this Type will usually be found on the market, or was mostly found on the market at one time. Antique objects will still be Products even after that kind of object is no longer manufactured. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A collection of temporal things. Instances of #$Product are individual goods, services, investments, etc.- basically anything that is offered (or may be exchanged) for money or trade. Typically, #$Products are things that are intended to be sold or used for some kind of service in exchange for money at least once in their lifetime. Examples: a Lexus sedan, a package of McDonald's french fries, a massage, a bouquet of flowers, a share in a money market fund, the services of a real estate agent, a research satellite. See also #$Artifact. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'product' and sense 1 of 'output' and sense 3 (physical objects) of 'materialization' in Wordnet, but is interpeted as a singular item. NOTE that a batch containing nultiple items can be represented as a Group, which then, as a Group, can be considered a 'ManufacturedGoods'. in WordNet: 1. (560) merchandise, ware, product - (commodities offered for sale; 'good business depends on having good merchandise'; 'that store offers a variety of products') WN noun 'output': 1. (5) end product, output - (final product; the things produced) WN noun 'materialization': 3. offspring, materialization, materialisation - (something that comes into existence as a result; 'industrialism prepared the way for acceptance of the French Revolution's various socialistic offspring'; 'this skyscraper is the solid materialization of his efforts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic . :ProductDisplayOrganization :guid "bfb82e44-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Organizations that, though they might sell something, primarily serve to put items on display for the public. Major specs include #$Museum-Organization and #$Library-Organization. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :ProductObject :ldoce "good", "product", "thing" ; :wnsense "commodity1n", "good4n", "merchandise1n", "product1n", "thing3n", "trade good1n", "ware2n" ; :wordnet "commodity", "good", "merchandise", "product", "thing", "trade good", "ware" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ProductObject is an Artifact produced for sale: This differs from parent 'Product' in that it is a PhysicalObject, and cannot be a substance or service (which is not usually referred to as a 'product' except informally or metaphorically). It can be a quantity of substance. Although SUMO requires a ProductObject to be manufactured, an agricultural product or raw material extracted from the Earth is also included in this COSMO type, such as an ear of corn (conforming with the WordNet usage of 'product'). Any Object sold at retail or wholesale is a 'ProductObject'. @ToDo: It is possible to distinguish things offered for sale (wares, merchandise) as a subtype of things produced for sale, but that is left to a later elaboration. SUMO: An Artifact that is produced by Manufacture and that is intended to be sold. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'product', sense 4 of 'good' (usually used in the plural, as 'goods'), sense 2 of 'ware' and sense 1 of 'merchandise' in WordNet: WN 'good' (for the list of these see ''ProductsForSale''.) 4. commodity, trade good, good - (articles of commerce) WN 'product' 2. (138) product, production - (an artifact that has been created by someone or some process; 'they improve their product every year'; 'they export most of their agricultural production') WN 'ware': 2. merchandise, ware, product - - (commodities offered for sale; 'good business depends on having good merchandise'; 'that store offers a variety of products') WN noun 'thing': 3. (224) thing - (an artifact; 'how does this thing work?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Product, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForSale ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ProductSpecialization :en "line of products", "product specialization" ; :wnsense "line of merchandise1n", "line of products1n", "line22n", "product line1n" ; :wordnet "line", "line of merchandise", "line of products", "product line" ; a :GroupType, :ScopeType, :SpecializationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProductSpecialization'' is a Group of Products that a manufacturer makes or a merchant sells. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'line of products' in WordNet: 22. (1) line, product line, line of products, line of merchandise, business line, line of business - (a particular kind of product or merchandise; 'a nice line of shoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Scope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Product ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ProductSubstance a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "ProductSubstance is an ArtificialSubstance produced for sale:" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Product . :ProductType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ProductType' is a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of Product (i.e. something for sale) as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Production :wnsense "production2n" ; :wordnet "production" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Production'' is a ''PresentingaDisplay'' in which some Person plans some of the details of a ''Performance'' whether a ''DramaticPerformance'' (a ''MoviePerformance'' or ''Play'') or a 'Broadcasting'' Acton, live or recorded. For Movies this may be done by a ''MovieDirector'' or ''ShowProducer'' or both together, with or without other particpants. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'production' in WordNet: 2. (146) production - (a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television; 'have you seen the new production of Hamlet?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlanningAnOperation, :ProducingaShow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Performance ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ] . :Production-Generic :guid "c08e69d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$CreationEvent, each of which is a production event, regardless of whether it is a commercial production, a biological production, or something that involves both. The distinction between #$Production-Generic and #$CreationEvent is suble; one can create a mess, but not produce one. More precisely, a production event appears to require that the activity be directed, in some sense, by a 'telos' or 'end' (nym) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation . :ProductionCapacity :isAnAttributeValueOf :ManufacturingFacility ; :takesValue :AmountPerTime ; :wnsense "capacity4n" ; :wordnet "capacity" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''ProductionCapacity'' is a ''PhysicalAttribute'' that is the maximum quantity (units or weight or volume) of material that can be produced in some unt of time by a ''ManufacturingFacility''.. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'capacity' in WordNet: 4. (3) capacity - (the maximum production possible; \"the plant is working at 80 per cent capacity\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :ProductionCrew :wnsense "crew2n", "gang3n", "work party1n" ; :wordnet "crew", "gang", "work party" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProductionCrew'' is a ''Crew'' who work together to support the ''CastOfaPerformance'' who are performing on a ''StageOrSet'' in an ''EntertainmentPerformance''. This Includes everyone participating in the production event who is not a member of the''CastOfaPerformance''), including the ''MovieDirector'' (for movies) as well. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'crew' in WordNet: 2. (4) gang, crew, work party - (an organized group of workmen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crew, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StageOrSet ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EntertainmentPerformance ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Productive :isTheOppositeOf :Unproductive ; :wnsense "productive1adj" ; :wordnet "productive" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Productive' is an attribute of people who perform as much or more work as is expected for a typical worker who is supposed to perform that task. This is the opposite of 'Unproductive' which characterizes workers who do not produce as much as expected for someone whose job is that task. Corresponds part of to adjective sense 1 of 'productive' in WordNet: 1. (8) productive - (producing or capable of producing (especially abundantly); 'productive farmland'; 'his productive years'; 'a productive collaboration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Productivity :en "amount per unit resrource" ; :wnsense "efficiency1n", "efficiency2n", "productivity2n" ; :wordnet "efficiency", "productivity" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Productivity'' is a ''RateMeasure'' used to specify how many things (objects or weight) are produced in some way, either per unit time, or per unit ''Resource'' (of any kind). This is important as a quantitative measure of economic For industrial productions this can be tons per year or units (e.g. automobiles) per year. The number of people required to perform business activity is also a measure of Porductivity, in this case it is the use of a Resource other than time. This can be used as a measure of production capacity for any number of different types of production. NOTE that this concept is also a form of 'efficiency', as in sense 2 in RHW: 2. accomplishment of or ability to accomplish a job with a minimum expenditure of time and effort: The assembly line increased industry's efficiency. , but the term ''Efficiency'' in COSMO is used specifically for the ratio of output/input (somewhat narrower than WN sense 1.)., and ''Productivity'' is nore specific for use in Economics. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'productivity' and part of sense 1 and 2 of 'efficiency' in WordNet: 2. productivity - ((economics) the ratio of the quantity and quality of units produced to the labor per unit of time) WN noun 'efficiency': 1. (13) efficiency - (the ratio of the output to the input of any system) 2. (9) efficiency - (skillfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort; 'she did the work with great efficiency') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, :RateMeasure . :ProductsForSale :en "merchandise", "products for sale" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProductsForSale'' list is an ''Inventory'' of the actual group of PhysicalObjects (''Merchandise'') available for purchase )onsale) from one particular vendor. This list may be represented in a physical ''Catalogue''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Merchandise ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Profane :wnsense "blasphemous2adj", "blue4adj", "profane1adj" ; :wordnet "blasphemous", "blue", "profane" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Profane'' speech or writing is considered ''Offensive'' by some people thought not necessarily by others. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'profane' in Wordnet: 1. (1) blasphemous, blue, profane - (characterized by profanity or cursing; 'foul-mouthed and blasphemous'; 'blue language'; 'profane words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inelegant, :Offensive . :Profanity :en "profane speech" ; :wnsense "profanity1n" ; :wordnet "profanity" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of ''Profanity'' is a word or phrase that contains words considered as ''Profane''. NOTE: RHW sense 1 of 'profane' is for things that express contempt for God or religion.; 1. characterized by irreverence or contempt for God or sacred principles or things; irreligious. Tnis conforms to one categorization that distingushes the 'profane' from the 'obscene', as differentiating impoliteness relative to religion with impoliteness referencing reproduction or excretion. \"impolite\" #quality\" Various things considered impolite (very incomplete list): Speech Attribute Quality InelegantSpeech Profanity - Profane - Profaneness Cursing - Vulgar - Vulgarity Obscenity - Obscene - Obsceneness Sacrilege - Sacriligeous - Sacrilegeousness Blaspheming - Blasphemous - Blasphemy Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'profanity' (irreverence) in WordNet: 1. (1) profanity - (vulgar or irreverent speech or action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InelegantSpeech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Profane ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ProfessingAllegiance :wnsense "profess2v" ; :wordnet "profess" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'profess' in WordNet: 2. (3) profess - (confess one's faith in, or allegiance to; 'The terrorists professed allegiance to the Muslim faith'; 'he professes to be a Communist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Declaring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Allegiance :Belief :BeliefType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Profession :ldoce "profession" ; :wnsense "profession2n" ; :wordnet "profession" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Profession' is an Occupation requiring significant training, either by practice or apprenticeship, or by study at college level such as as 'Nursing' or 'Accounting' or 'Teaching', but used more broadly for almost any level of expertise. At this point, a 'Profession' is not restricted to the traditional professions of doctor, lawyer, etc.,and does not imply ''LicensedProfessional'' as a practitioner. To restrict this further, a subtype should be created; in that case,the associated 'ProfessionalPerson' should have corresponding subtypes. 'electrician' or 'plumber' can be a 'Professional' in this sense. A 'Profession' is practised by a 'ProfessionalPerson'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'profession' in WordNet: 2. (5) profession - (an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheOccupationOfA ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ProfessionalPerson :PersonType ) ] ] . :Professional :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :ProfessionalServicing ; :ldoce "professional" ; :wnsense "professional1adj" ; :wordnet "professional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Professional' is an AttributeValue of a Person who does some kind of activity for pay, and usually as his/her main job. The relation to 'ProfessionalServicing' is only a placeholder, it is not adequately detailed. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'professional' in WordNet: 1. (12) professional - (engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood; ' the professional man or woman possesses distinctive qualifications'; 'began her professional career after the Olympics'; 'professional theater'; 'professional football'; 'a professional cook'; 'professional actors and athletes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Professional-Adult :guid "be8a03f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$HumanAdult and #$PersonWithOccupation. A person is an instance of #$Professional-Adult just in case he or she is an adult and a professional. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'professional' in WordNet: 1. (3) professional, professional person - (a person engaged in one of the learned professions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :ProfessionalPerson ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:ProfessionalPerson :HumanAdult ) ] . :ProfessionalArtist a :HumanRoleType, :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One who gets paid (sometimes) to produce works of Art. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist, :ProfessionalPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtAsaProfession ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :ProfessionalAthlete :wnsense "pro1n", "professional2n" ; :wordnet "pro", "professional" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProfessionalAthlete'' is an ''Athlete'' who plays sports fpr money as a profession. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pro' in WordNet: 1. (1) professional, pro - (an athlete who plays for pay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete . :ProfessionalAuthor a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any 'Author' who has gained something of monetary value by sale or licensing of a work authored. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Author, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProfessionalAuthoring ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :ProfessionalAuthoring a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the professon of authoring in which the Author has gained something of monetary value by sale or licensing of a work authored.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profession . :ProfessionalBroker :guid "c0174a47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "agent4n", "broker1n", "factor5n" ; :wordnet "agent", "broker", "factor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Broker'' is subtype of ''Broker'' who is an ''Agent'' who buys or sells things for another for a ''Commission-Fee''. CYC: Instances of the collection #$Broker are #$BusinessPersons who act as intermediaries between buyers (see #$buyer) and seller (see #$seller). A #$Broker facilitates the finalization and conclusion of a #$SalesContract, and receives a fee for this service. The #$Broker is therefore a #$providerOfService within and of the #$ServiceEvents, brokering. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'broker' in WordNet: 1. (1) agent, factor, broker - (a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agent, :Broker, :BusinessPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brokerage ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brokering ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :ProfessionalPerson :guid "2320060c-d8d5-41d7-864a-8c394a402d15" ; :ldoce "professional" ; :wnsense "professional1n", "professional2n" ; :wordnet "professional" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person with a skill at some activity that can be paid for. COSMO note: this type and its subtypes do not require that a person characterized by one of these types necessarily makes a living from performing the skills associated with these type. This type is a designation for skilled people, and skilled people who are amateurs or volunteers also qualify, but the skill must be at the level of a professional, and the activity must be one that people are commonly paid for performing, when working for the benefit of others. COSMO note: in COSMO there is a borderline set of occupations that can be considered as 'trades' and also as 'professional', such as ''Butcher'' and ''Baker''. If one wants to specify only adults that are professionals, one can use ''Professional-Adult''. Cyc: The collection of all people who work at a job that requires a skill that most adults do not have. This skill is normally achieved through training, however people who use a native skill such as an artistic skill, in their work are also considered Professionals. A person with a #$HighSchoolDiploma, but no additional training, is not expected to be able to be hired to a professional position and perform the job requirements. The training need not be academic in nature. One can be a professional child actress, chess player, boxer, or shaman, as well as a professional lawyer, architect, secretary, or politician. Although factory workers, farm workers, construction workers, etc. develop a level of skill that makes them able to do their jobs far better than a person off the street (professional or not) these positions are not considered professional positions because the skill is developed experientially on the job. NOTE that this includes two distinguishable senses of 'professional' (1) a member of one of the 'learned' professions - doctor, lawyer, teacher, scientist; (2) someone who does something for pay. WordNet sense 2 is a specialization of this second sense, for athletes. But one can also be a 'professional dancer' or 'professional gambler'. See adjective 'Professional'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'professional' in WordNet: 1. (3) professional, professional person - (a person engaged in one of the learned professions) 2. (1) professional, pro - (an athlete who plays for pay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :SkilledWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Profession :OccupationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Professional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ProfessionalPrinter :wnsense "pressman1n", "printer1n" ; :wordnet "pressman", "printer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProfessionalPrinter'' is a Person who controls a ''PrintingPress'' to perform ''CommercialPrinting'' as an occupation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pressman' in WordNet: 1. printer, pressman - (someone whose occupation is printing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialPrinting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PrintingPress ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :ProfessionalServicing :guid "bd58e0f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Indicates the actions needed for the recipient to receive some service from a professional provider. Only one of these actions is the actual #$ProfessionalServicing process itself; the recipient must also make an appointment and (via inheritance from even more general scripts) show up for the appointment, pay for the service, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Product, :ServiceEvent, :WorkingEvent . :ProfessionalSinger :guid "bd58e2cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "singer" ; :wnsense "singer1n", "vocaliser2n", "vocalist1n", "vocalizer2n" ; :wordnet "singer", "vocaliser", "vocalist", "vocalizer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who is or has been paid for singing on more than one occasion, *not* including a person who only happens to be singing at some particular time, or who usually sings unpaid for pleasure or entertaining others. Called 'Singer' in Cyc. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'singer' in WordNet: 1. (3) singer, vocalist, vocalizer, vocaliser - (a person who sings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalPerformer, :Singer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Singing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Professionalism :isAnAttributeValueOf :ProfessionalPerson ; :wnsense "professionalism1n" ; :wordnet "professionalism" ; a :CapabilityType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Expertise'' is a high level of 'Skill' such as that possessed by an ''Expert''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'professionalism' in WordNet: 1. professionalism - (the expertness characteristic of a professional person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expertise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProfessionalPerson ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Professionally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Professional ; :wnsense "professionally1adv" ; :wordnet "professionally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Professionally'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify an action to assert that they are performed as part of a paid''Profession'' or were performed with the skill of a paid expert, or were performed by some 'ProfessionalPerson''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'professionally' in Wordnet: 1. (2) professionally - (in a professional manner; 'professionally trained staff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Professor :guid "bd58fb24-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "professor1n" ; :wordnet "professor" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: The Profession of being a teacher at a PostSecondarySchool. NOTE: this is general for college and university teachers generally. The various ranks will have more specific titles such as ''FullProfessor''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'professor' in Wordnet: 1. (20) professor, prof - (someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcademicProfessional, :Employee, :Person, :Teacher . :Proficiency :wnsense "proficiency1n" ; :wordnet "proficiency" ; a :CapabilityType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Proficiency'' is a high level of ''Skill'' for Actons that require some body movement to accomplish, as with playing a MusicalInstrument, or repairing Devices. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'proficiency' in WordNet: 1. (1) proficiency - (the quality of having great facility and competence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skill ; owl:onProperty :isaHigherLevelOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skillful ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Profile :wnsense "profile2n" ; :wordnet "profile" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Profile'' is an AbstractImage that represents a ''SideView'' of something. This is most commonly used for a'profile' of a person's face, but this type is for any ''SideView''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'profile' in WordNet: 2. (3) profile - (a side view representation of an object (especially a human face)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SideView ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Profiling :wnsense "profiling1n" ; :wordnet "profiling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Profiling'' is the Action in which a Person observes and analyzes certain characteristics of another Person to decide if that Person belongs to some particular ''GroupOfPeople'', i.e. performs ''BeingaMemberOfaGroup''. One form of this Action that is highly offensive is that of 'racial profiling', the use of a Person's visible racial characteristics to determine the likelihood that that person may be a criminal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'profiling' in WordNet: 1. profiling - (recording a person's behavior and analyzing psychological characteristics in order to predict or assess their ability in a certain sphere or to identify a particular group of people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Identifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingaMemberOfaGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :Profit :ldoce "profit" ; :wnsense "earnings1n", "net income1n", "net profit1n", "net3n", "profit1n", "profits1n" ; :wordnet "earnings", "net", "net income", "net profit", "profit", "profits" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Income' is the total of PaymentAmounts that are received in some particular time interval by an enterprise (business), that are not offset by losses - this is the net income of business; its units are MoneyMeasure per TimeInterval. This can be a quantity for only one time interval (profit in 2007) or, can represent a regular and recurring payment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'profit' in WordNet: 1. (6) net income, net, net profit, lucre, profit, profits, earnings - (the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaymentAmount . :Profitability :wnsense "gainfulness1n", "lucrativeness1n", "profitability1n", "profitableness2n" ; :wordnet "gainfulness", "lucrativeness", "profitability", "profitableness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Profitability'' is a state in which the entity in focus (usually a ''Business'') has the quality ''Profitable''. This is appropriate for profit-making enterprises. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'profitability' in WordNet: 1. (1) profitableness, profitability, gainfulness, lucrativeness - (the quality of affording gain or benefit or profit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Profitable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Business ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Profitable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :ReceivingMoney ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :EarningaProfit ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :EarningaProfit ; :wnsense "fruitful2adj", "profit-making1adj", "profitable1adj", "profitable3adj", "profitable4adj" ; :wordnet "fruitful", "profit-making", "profitable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Profitable'' is an attribute of Actions that produce a literal monetary (not metaphorical) ''Profit'' . For Actions that produce more than a little ''Profit'' the subattribute ''Lucrative'' should be used. NOTE: 'fruitful' is closer to WN senses 2 and 3 of 'profitable'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and parts of senses 3 and 4 of 'profitable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) profitable - (yielding material gain or profit; 'profitable speculation on the stock market') 3. profitable, profit-making - (providing profit; 'a profitable conversation') 4. fruitful, profitable - (productive of profit; 'a profitable enterprise'; 'a fruitful meeting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beneficial . :Profound :isAnAttributeValueOf :EmotionalState, :Thinking ; :wnsense "deep1adj", "deep2adj", "profound1adj" ; :wordnet "deep", "profound" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Attribute of MentalEvents (thinking or emotion) indicating that the degree of complexity or level of penetration (number of steps in the set of relations) in mind (for thinking) or the intensity of emotion is significantly greater than the average for that type of context. 'profound thinker' 'profound grief' This attribute could serve as a linguistic way to express 'isMoreIntenseThan' @ToDo: contrasts with 'shallow' thinking (not yet rep r1421). isTheOppositeOf rdf:resource=\"#Shallow Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'profound' and sense 1 and 2 of 'deep' in WordNet: 1. (12) profound - (showing intellectual penetration or emotional depths; from the depths of your being; 'the differences are profound'; 'a profound insight'; 'a profound book'; 'a profound mind'; 'profound contempt'; 'profound regret') WN adj 'deep': 1. (16) deep - (relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply; 'a deep breath'; 'a deep sigh'; 'deep concentration'; 'deep emotion'; 'a deep trance'; 'in a deep sleep') 2. (12) deep - (marked by depth of thinking; 'deep thoughts'; 'a deep allegory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :Progesterone :wnsense "Progesterone1n" ; :wordnet "Progesterone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The steroid hormone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'progesterone' in Wordnet: 1. progesterone, Lipo-Lutin - (a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary; prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SteroidHormone . :Prognosis :wnsense "forecast1n", "prognosis1n" ; :wordnet "forecast", "prognosis" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prognosis'' is a 'Prediction' about how some current situation (including an ''AilmentCondition'') will develop in the future. For predicting weather, use subtype ''WeatherForecast''. WN noun 'prognosis': in WordNet: 1. (1) prognosis, forecast - (a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prediction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalSituation ] . :Prognostication :wnsense "prognostication3n", "prophecy1n", "vaticination1n" ; :wordnet "prognostication", "prophecy", "vaticination" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prognostication''' is a ''Prediction'' made by a ''Prophet, which carries great weight among those for whom that Prophet is a Leader or Teacher. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prophecy' in WordNet: 1. (2) prophecy, prognostication, vaticination - (knowledge of the future (usually said to be obtained from a divine source)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prophet ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :ProgramForPerformance :wnsense "program2n", "program4n", "program8n" ; :wordnet "program" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProgramForPerformance'' is an abstract conceptual work, not the physical document that might be termed a 'program' as for a ''MusicalPerformance''. Each ''ProgramForPerformance'' is a Specification for the order in which certain actitivies are to be performed, This is very general,but is the abstract information content,*not* the physical pamphlet as a 'program' for a play or sports event. Includes parts of noun senses 2, 4, and 8 of 'program' in WordNet: 2. (175) plan, program, programme - (a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; 'they drew up a six-step plan'; 'they discussed plans for a new bond issue') 4. (60) course of study, program, programme, curriculum, syllabus - (an integrated course of academic studies; 'he was admitted to a new program at the university') 8. (8) program, programme - (an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event; 'you can't tell the players without a program') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narrative, :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Action ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :ProgrammedExercises :en "exercises", "programmed exercises", "set of exercises" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProgrammedExercises''is a Group of ''ExercisingEvent''s specified by some ''ExerciseProgram''. The program can be quite informal and only in the mind of the exerciser, or more stereotyped and formal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ExercisingEvent, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExerciseProgram ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExercisingEvent ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ProgrammingLanguage :guid "bd58c2ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "programming language1n" ; :wordnet "programming language" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC 'Abstract': A specialization of #$ComputerLanguage, #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage is the collection of languages invented for the purpose of composing computer programs (i.e., instances of #$ComputerProgram-CW), as opposed to merely facilitating interaction between pieces of software or indicating how to represent pieces of text. Thus, #$ComputerLanguages such as #$Lisp are instances of #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage, whereas #$ComputerLanguages such as #$HypertextMarkupLanguage are not. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'programming language' in WordNet: 1. programming language, programing language - ((computer science) a language designed for programming computers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerLanguage . :Progressing :en "advancing", "progressing" ; :ldoce "advance" ; :wnsense "advance1v", "advance4n", "advance7v", "advancement2n", "come along2v", "come on3v", "forward motion1n", "get along3v", "get on6v", "go on3v", "march on1v", "move on1n", "onward motion1n", "pass on3v", "procession3n", "progress1v", "progress2n", "progression3n", "shape up1v" ; :wordnet "advance", "advancement", "come along", "come on", "forward motion", "get along", "get on", "go on", "march on", "move on", "onward motion", "pass on", "procession", "progress", "progression", "shape up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ImprovementEvent in which some aspect a situation improves in the direction of some definable goal state. This is not for physical motion. his is also a 'Development'' event, and is a very broad concept, and can be considered a metaphoric 'AdvancingEvent' - advancing in aqcquiring some positive quality. . It could apply to economic progress, personal development, progress in creation of some artifact, progress toward some goal of a group, or many other things considered as 'progress'. It also includes symbolic Events that signify completion of Progress, such as Graduation. For physical movement forward, use 'AdvancingEvent'. Includes noun sense 4 and part of verb sense 1 (for figurative progress toward a goal) of 'advance' in WordNet: 4. (1) progress, progression, procession, advance, advancement, forward motion, onward motion - (the act of moving forward toward a goal) WN verb 'advance': 1. (7) advance, progress, pass on, move on, march on, go on - (move forward, also in the metaphorical sense; 'Time marches on') WN verb 'progress': 1. (12) progress, come on, come along, advance, get on, get along, shape up - (develop in a positive way; 'He progressed well in school'; 'My plants are coming along'; 'Plans are shaping up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Development . :Progression :wnsense "advance1n", "progress3n", "progression1n" ; :wordnet "advance", "progress", "progression" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: The difference between WN 'forward motion' and WN'Progression' is vgaue. This type is for a ''ForwardMotion'' that has some location as a goal endpoint. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'progression' in WordNet: 2. (1) progress, progression, advance - (a movement forward; 'he listened for the progress of the troops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ForwardMotion, :Translocation . :Progressive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Progressing ; :wnsense "progressive1adj" ; :wordnet "progressive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Progressive'' is the attribute of something, often a Situation, undergoing ''Progressing', or of things or people that promote ''Progressing''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'progressive' in WordNet: 1. (3) progressive - (favoring or promoting progress; 'progressive schools') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Prohibition :wnsense "ban1n", "prohibition2n", "proscription1n" ; :wordnet "ban", "prohibition", "proscription" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Prohibition is a 'Restriction' which does not merely limit a range of behavior (some specific Action or ActionType), but prohibits it entirely. This contrasts with Rules requiring certain actions. Many laws are Prohibitions. NOTE that this is a ''Rule'', which is the abstract content of the prohibition; the linguistic rule that seems to be included in the WN sense (a 'decree') is not included directly here. This should be a direct unconditional forbidding. Regulations may be of the type 'if one does this, one must also do this'. This can be construed indirectly as a Prohibition (from doing something unless . . .) but that type of regulation is not an instance of the 'Prohibition' type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prohibition' in Wordnet: 2. (2) prohibition, ban, proscription - (a decree that prohibits something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restriction . :Project :guid "bd58aa32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "project2n" ; :wordnet "project" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: An Action consisting of a series of individual actions, extending over more than a few minutes of time. This is very general and includes small 'projects' undertaken by an individual such as repairing a window.Larger Projects with more than one person are represented as 'CollaborativeProject' This is more specialized than just working, in requiring some degree of planning and a defined final goal. This can include large ''Venture''s (such as commercial ventures) or formal ''ResearchProject''s of any size or kind, reqiring some planner(s) who take(s) the initiative in starting the project. Cyc: An organized endeavor with a set goal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'project' in WordNet: 2. (1) project, projection - (a planned undertaking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingEvent . :Projected :en "projected" ; :enadj "projected" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ProjectingaFutureSituation ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Projected'' is the attribute of a description of some ''FutureSituation'' that was predicted by a process of ''ProjectingaFutureSituation''. 'projected earnings' 'projected yield'. ??No sense in WH or RHW for this concept?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ProjectedImage :wnsense "projection2n" ; :wordnet "projection" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProjectedImage'' is a ''GenericImage'' consisting of reflected light waves that were projected onto some Surface by a ''Projector'' or other lensed optical device (such as a magnifying glass projecting the sun's image on the ground). NOTE that a movie projected on a screen is actually a series of ''ProjectedImages'' projected in rapid succession. NOTE: WN sense 2 of 'projection' might be interpreted as the nomalized act of projecting an image, but this type is for the image that is projected on a screen (or wall). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'projection' in WordNet: 2. (3) projection - (the projection of an image from a film onto a screen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericImage, :Reflection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Projector ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByArtifact ] . :Projectile :guid "c0500f87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "projectile1n" ; :wordnet "projectile" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Projectile-Device'. A Projectile is an ArtifactObject designed to be propelled by the impulse delivered either by another object, or by thrust generated from part of the object itself. In many but not all cases, after the impulse is delivered, the Projectile then travels solely under ballistic (gravitational) forces. It may or may not not be a weapon; a baseball thrown to a catcher is a Projectile, as is a football or javelin. However, a rock thrown just to be skipped across the surface of a lake is not designed as a Projectile and is not an instance of this Type. The role of 'projectile' taken by various natural or artifact objects thrown by people or forces of nature would be specified by a case role relation. Cyc: The collection of all projectiles. Some instances of this collection, such as cannon balls, arrows, missiles are (intended to be) thrown, hurled, fired, or launched at their targets. The other instances, such as pistol cartridges, shot gun cartridges, or #$ArtilleryShells have parts which are intended to be fired at their targets. Many are #$ProjectileWeapons, e.g. instances of #$Arrow, #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet, or #$Torpedo, while others are not, e.g. #$FootballBall-American. The motive force in a propelling of a #$Projectile-Device may come from a distinct #$ProjectileLauncher or #$Person, but many are self-propelled after leaving the launcher. NOTE that in SUMO every Projectile is a Weapon. See 'ProjectileWeapon' for the SUMO 'Projectile'. Includes but is broader than (not just weapons) WordNet sense 1 of 'projectile': in WordNet: 1. (2) projectile, missile - (a weapon that is forcibly thrown or projected at a targets but is not self-propelled) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :PoweredDevice . :ProjectileCasing :guid "c0f59766-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "casing1n" ; :wordnet "casing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every element of #$ProjectileCasing contains a projectile (or a set of projectiles, e.g. shot fired from a shot gun) and explosive material. When a gun is fired an explosive contained inside a #$ProjectileCasing is detonated. This detonation forces the projectile out the open end of the #$ProjectileCasing at high velocity. casing """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Casing, :CylindricalHollowObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProjectileShellAssembly ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ProjectileLauncher :guid "c1007d6d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$ProjectileLauncher is a specialization of #$Conveyance-Stationary and #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$ProjectileLauncher is a physical device used to launch a #$Projectile-Device. A few notable specializations are #$Slingshots, #$Guns, and #$MissileLaunchers. The launcher and projectile start out at the same location, possibly even as parts of the same object, but once the projectile is fired it leaves the launcher. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoweredDevice, :ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher, :PropellingDevice . :ProjectileShellAssembly :guid "c1007ad4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shell" ; :wnsense "one shot1n", "round1n", "shell1n", "unit of ammunition1n" ; :wordnet "one shot", "round", "shell", "unit of ammunition" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This collection includes #$ProjectileWeapons whose parts include a casing (#$ProjectileCasing) which contains a projectile (e.g. #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet) or projectiles (#$Shotgun shot). The casing itself is discarded after the projectile is launched. Positive examples include #$ArtilleryShells, rifle cartridges, and pistol cartridges. Negative examples include musket balls and cannon balls. NOTE: a 'cartridge' for small arms is the subtype 'BulletAssembly'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shell' and noun sense 1 of'round' in WordNet, being the whole assembly including the explosive casing as well as the projectile: in WordNet: 1. (14) shell - - (ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun) WN noun 'round': 1. (6) round, unit of ammunition, one shot - (a charge of ammunition for a single shot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProjectileWeapon, :SelfPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProjectileCasing ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :ProjectileWeapon :guid "bd58b3bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Weapon. Each instance of #$ProjectileWeapon is a weapon that is thrown, hurled, or launched at its target. Notable specializations of #$ProjectileWeapon include #$Arrow, #$ProjectileSlug-Bullet, and #$Missile. See also the related collection #$ProjectileLauncher. NOTE that in SUMO a Projectile must be fired from a Weapon (perhaps it is closer to the Cyc 'ProjectileWeapon-Fired', whereas in Cyc a ProjectileWeapon can be hand-thrown such as a HandGrenade or a Boomerang. In COSMO the more general Cyc usage is adopted and broadened to include whole devices such as an entire ''ProjectileShellAssembly'' (bullet or artillery shell) as well as the part that is actually projected to its target. So a HandGrenade is a subtype of 'ProjectileWeapon'. NOTE also that according to Cyc usage, a ProjectileWeapon does not have to follow a ballistic course after being projected, but can also be SelfPowered, such as a Torpedo or rocket. This is broader than the SUMO entry, where it is called simply a 'Projectile': SUMO: A missile, bullet, etc. that is fired from a Weapon. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :Projectile, :ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher . :ProjectileWeapon-Fired :guid "be6bd5da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A very generic term for projectiles fired from firearms. It includes musket balls, cannon balls, pistol slugs, rifle cartridges, shotgun shot, and #$ArtilleryShells. In the case of 'rifle cartridge' and #$ArtilleryShell, only part of the object becomes the projectile (see #$ProjectileShellAssembly). The other part of such objects, which includes a casing, explosive charge, a primer, etc. stays behind or is destroyed in detonation. In the case of 'cannon ball', 'pistol slug' or 'musket ball' the entire object is propelled from a gun due to an explosive charge behind it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-OneTimeUse, :ProjectileWeapon . :ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher :guid "36848248-e3c7-41d7-8908-ece3d7ce582f" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Weapon. Instances of this collection are either instances of #$ProjectileWeapon or #$ProjectileLauncher. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weapon . :ProjectingaFutureSituation :en "projecting by calculation" ; :enn "projecting by calculation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProjectingaFutureSituation'' is an extrapolation from existing data about future Events by some form of calculation or estimation. No WN synset for this sense; RHW 'project': 8. to set forth or calculate (some future thing): They projected the building costs for the next five years. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extrapolating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DoingAnArithmeticOperation ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProjectionOfFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Projection :wnsense "projection4n" ; :wordnet "projection" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Projection'' is a ''Protrusion'' that is relatively long and thin on the surface of some PhysicalObject, natural or artifactual. Being long and thin distinguishes it from low ''Protrusions'' like a ''Pimple'' or ''Teat''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'projection' in WordNet: 4. (1) projection - (any structure that branches out from a central support) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinObject, :Protrusion . :ProjectionOfFutureSituation :wnsense "projection1n" ; :wordnet "projection" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProjectionOfFutureSituation'' is a 'Prediction' about future Events based on ''Extrapolating'' from past events. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'projection' in WordNet: 1. (9) projection - (a prediction made by extrapolating from past observations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prediction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extrapolating ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProjectingaFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Projector :wnsense "projector2n" ; :wordnet "projector" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE a ''Projector'' can project images onto things other than screens - walls, ceilings, even domed ceilings (e.g. in a Planetarium). These days a ''Projector'' can project an image contained in a computer file, so the image does not have to be on a ''Transparency'', as in days of yore. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'projector' in WordNet: 2. projector - (an optical instrument that projects an enlarged image onto a screen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LensedOpticalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingInformation ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProjectedImage ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :ProkaryoticCell :guid "bd58d537-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SingleCellOrganism. Each instance of #$ProkaryoticCell is a single-celled organism that lacks both a nucleus and mitochondria. Notable specializations of #$ProkaryoticCell include #$Bacterium, #$MoneraKingdom, and #$BlueGreenAlgae.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SingleCellOrganism . :Proliferation :wnsense "proliferate1v", "proliferation2n" ; :wordnet "proliferate", "proliferation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Proliferation' is an Event with multiple subevents in which the number of some Objects increases substantially and/or rapidly. Usually this is used when the increase is considered as a bad thing. NOTE: this is the intransitive sense. The transitive sense of causing an increase is ''ProliferationAction''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'proliferation' in WordNet: 2. proliferation - (a rapid increase in number (especially a rapid increase in the number of deadly weapons); 'the proliferation of nuclear weapons') WN verb 'proliferate': 1. proliferate - (grow rapidly; 'Pizza parlors proliferate in this area') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Multiplying . :ProliferationAction :wnsense "proliferate2v" ; :wordnet "proliferate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the transitive sense of 'proliferate'. The intransitive sense is represented by ''Proliferation''. NOTE: the WN direct parent synset 'multiply, manifold' suggests that the result after this Action is a multiple of the original, this sense only means that the rate of increase *relatively* 'Fast''. Use ''Multiplying'' for the Action of increasing something by some multiple. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'proliferate' in WordNet: 2. proliferate - (cause to grow or increase rapidly; 'We must not proliferate nuclear arms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnIncrease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ; owl:someValuesFrom :Increased ] . :Prolific :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unproductive ; :wnsense "fecund2adj", "prolific1adj" ; :wordnet "fecund", "prolific" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Prolific' is an attribute of people who produce musch more than the average output of *intellectual* Objects (writings, songs, computer programs, inventions) than does the typical Person in the same field or Role. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prolific' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fecund, fertile, prolific - (intellectually productive; 'a prolific writer'; 'a fecund imagination') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Productive . :Prolonged :isTheOppositeOf :Brief, :Quick ; :ldoce "slow" ; :wnsense "drawn-out1adj", "extended1adj", "lengthy1adj", "prolonged1adj", "protracted1adj", "slow1adj" ; :wordnet "drawn-out", "extended", "lengthy", "prolonged", "protracted", "slow" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Prolonged' is an AttributeValue of an Event that specifies that an Event or Action was accomplished in more time than is normal or was expected for that type of Event,or contrasts with a ''Brief'' event of that type. E.g.: 'a prolonged volcanic eruption' NOTE that whether something is or is not 'Prolonged' depends on the category of Event to which it is compared; a debate Event may be 'Prolonged' even though it is much briefer than a political discussion of the same topic carried out over years. A 'prolonged earthquake' may take only a few minutes (more time than for a single shock). . For object that move more slowly than normal or expected, use the type 'Slow'. this corresponds to sense 3 of 'slow' in RHW: 3. taking or requiring a comparatively long time for completion: a slow meal; a slow trip. NO sense of 'slow' in WordNet seems to cover this sense. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'prolonged' and sense 1 of 'lengthy' in WordNet; the WordNet sense appears to be focused on interactions between people,but the COSMO sense broadly includes any Event that takes more than the usual time for that type of Event.. in WordNet: 1. (5) drawn-out, extended, lengthy, prolonged, protracted - (relatively long in duration; tediously protracted; 'a drawn-out argument'; 'an extended discussion'; 'a lengthy visit from her mother-in-law'; 'a prolonged and bitter struggle'; 'protracted negotiations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Prom :guid "beedf219-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prom1n", "promenade1n" ; :wordnet "prom", "promenade" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prom'' is a ''FormalBall'' held near the end of a school year, usually for juniors and seniors. Each #$Prom is a formal #$Dance-Party held toward the end of the academic year for a graduating high school class. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prom' in WordNet: 1. promenade, prom - (a formal ball held for a school class toward the end of the academic year) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalBall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Student ; owl:minCardinality "5" ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ] . :Promenade :guid "bd588967-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mall1n", "promenade2n" ; :wordnet "mall", "promenade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Promenade'' is any ''PavedWalkway'' that is publicly maintained as a footpath where vehicles are prohibited except for special purposes. This includes 'malls' in urban areas where streets have been converted to pedestrian use, and wide walkways between shops (possibly indoors) in a ''ShoppingMall'', as well as walkways in parks that are broader than a few feet, for example a promenade along a stream. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'promenade' in WordNet: 2. promenade, mall - (a public area set aside as a pedestrian walk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Footpath, :PavedWalkway, :PublicProperty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :Promethium :guid "bee3f3b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "61"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Pm2n", "promethium1n" ; :wordnet "Pm", "promethium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of promethium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promethium' in WordNet: 1. promethium, Pm, atomic number 61 - (a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group having no stable isotope; was discovered in radioactive form as a fission product of uranium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :RareEarthElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Prominent :wnsense "big3adj", "large5adj", "prominent1adj" ; :wordnet "big", "large", "prominent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prominent'' is a subattribute of 'Salient'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prominent' in Wordnet: 2. (9) big, large, prominent - (conspicuous in position or importance; 'a big figure in the movement'; 'big man on campus'; 'he's very large in financial circles'; 'a prominent citizen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient . :Promiscuity :wnsense "promiscuity1n", "promiscuousness1n", "sleeping around1n" ; :wordnet "promiscuity", "promiscuousness", "sleeping around" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Promiscuity'' is performing sexual activity with multiple other partners rather than with one primary partner at any given time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promiscuity' in WordNet: 1. promiscuity, promiscuousness, sleeping around - (indulging in promiscuous (casual and indiscriminate) sexual relations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualBehavior . :Promiscuous :isTheOppositeOf :Selective ; :wnsense "promiscuous1adj" ; :wordnet "promiscuous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Promiscuous'' is a property of a ''IntentionalAgent'' who is not ''Selective'' about the people s/he chooses for some (any) purpose. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'promiscuous' in Wordnet: 1. promiscuous - (not selective of a single class or person; 'Clinton was criticized for his promiscuous solicitation of campaign money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restricted . :Promise :guid "bd588d19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "promise" ; :wnsense "promise1n" ; :wordnet "promise" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: in COSMO a Promise is a LinguisticAssertion, not an Event. Cyc: An attribute associated with instances of #$CommunicationAct-Single. If a communication act has this attribute, then the #$senderOfInfo intends to carry out the action described in the act and is obligated to do so. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promise' in WordNet: 1. (8) promise - (a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MakingAPromise ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :PromisedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Assertion ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :PromiseGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting exclusively of Promises. Each Promise may contain component specifications.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Promise ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Promised :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MakingAPromise ; :wnsense "promised1adj" ; :wordnet "promised" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'promised' in Wordnet: 1. (1) promised - (assured by (usually) spoken agreement; 'the promised toy'; 'the promised land') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PromisedAction a :FutureSituationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PromisedAction'' is the Action which some agent agrees to do when making a Promise. NOTE that this is a ''FutureSituation'' when the Promise is made, and when the Promise is kept (see ''KeepingaPromise'') it is realized by an executed Action or PersistentState. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :FutureSituation . :Promiser :wnsense "promiser1n", "promisor1n" ; :wordnet "promiser", "promisor" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Promiser'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who asserts a ''Promise'' in performing a ''MakingAPromise''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promiser' in WordNet: 1. promiser, promisor - (a person who makes a promise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Informant, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingAPromise ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Promising :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "promising1adj", "promising2adj" ; :wordnet "promising" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Promising'' is an attribute of someone who gives evidence of being likely to perform very well at some tasks or activities, or to succeed in some endeavor. This is vague and includes several aspects of intelligence, energy, and personality that vary with the field in which a Person is ''Promising''. Includes adjective senses 1 and2of 'promising' in WordNet: 1. (9) promising - (showing possibility of achievement or excellence; 'a promising young man') 2. (2) bright, promising - (full or promise; 'had a bright future in publishing'; 'the scandal threatened an abrupt end to a promising political career') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Encouraging-Inspiring, :PersonTraitValue . :Promontory :guid "c0cb0666-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "foreland1n", "head16n", "headland1n", "promontory1n" ; :wordnet "foreland", "head", "headland", "promontory" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promontory' in WordNet: 1. promontory, headland, head, foreland - (a natural elevation (especially a rocky one that juts out into the sea)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Highland, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeographicallyHigh ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Promoter :wnsense "booster2n", "plugger1n", "promoter1n" ; :wordnet "booster", "plugger", "promoter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Promoter'' is an ''Advertizer'' who personally (in person or through representatives) performs some ''Advertizing'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'promoter' in WordNet: 1. (2) promoter, booster, plugger - (someone who is an active supporter and advocate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advertizer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Advertising ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PromoterSequence :en "promoter", "transcription promoter" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PromoterSequence'' is the ''BaseSequence'' in a ''NucleicAcidMolecule'' that binds protein(s) that initiate transcription to RNA - the first step in creating a Protein in a cell. No representation yet of the 'transcription' process in a cell. RHW noun 'promoter': 6. Genetics. a. a site on a DNA molecule at which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription. b. a gene sequence that activates transcription. no WN sense for this meaning. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseSequence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DNAMolecule ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PromotingSomeone :en "assign to a higher position", "give a promotion to" ; :wnsense "advance9v", "elevate1v", "kick upstairs1v", "promote2v", "promotion2n", "upgrade3v" ; :wordnet "advance", "elevate", "kick upstairs", "promote", "promotion", "upgrade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PromotingSomeone'' is an ''AppointingEvent'' in which the Role is some office or position in an Organization that has a higher level of responsibility and status, and usually carries a higher pay level ('pay grade') and may require supervision of a larger number of subordinates. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'promote' and noun sense 2 of 'promotion' in WordNet: 2. (5) promote, upgrade, advance, kick upstairs, raise, elevate - (give a promotion to or assign to a higher position; 'John was kicked upstairs when a replacement was hired'; 'Women tend not to advance in the major law firms'; 'I got promoted after many years of hard work') WN noun 'promotion': """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningAgentToRole, :GoodThing, :MakingaGain . :PromotingSomething :wnsense "advance4v", "boost3v", "encourage1v", "further2v", "promote1v" ; :wordnet "advance", "boost", "encourage", "further", "promote" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PromotingSomething'' is any Situation or Action that helps advance the goals of a Person or Activity. This is broadly applicable. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'promote' in WordNet: 1. (31) promote, advance, boost, further, encourage - (contribute to the progress or growth of; 'I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingSomethingDoSomething . :Promotional :isAnAttributeValueOf :Advertisement, :Advertising ; :pertainsTo :AdvertisingCampaign, :AdvertisingDocument, :AdvertisingaProduct, :BroadcastAdvertisement, :ClassifiedAdvertisement, :InternetAdvertisement, :NewspaperAdvertisement, :Publicity ; :wnsense "promotional1adj" ; :wordnet "promotional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'promotional' in Wordnet: 1. (2) promotional - (of or relating to serving as publicity; 'promotional fares') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Prompt :wnsense "on time1adj", "prompt1adj" ; :wordnet "on time", "prompt" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (on time) of adjective sense 1 of 'prompt' in WordNet: 1. (1) on time, prompt - (according to schedule or without delay; 'they were always on time'; 'a prompt reply') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Considerate, :Timely . :Prompter :wnsense "prompter1n", "theater prompter1n" ; :wordnet "prompter", "theater prompter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prompter'' is someone who provides some kind of 'cue' to help another Person remember what words to say or act to take while performing some Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prompter' in WordNet: 1. prompter, theater prompter - (someone who assists a performer by providing the next words of a forgotten speech) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Helper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prompting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PrompterDevice :wnsense "autocue1n", "prompter2n" ; :wordnet "autocue", "prompter" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prompter'' is someone who provides some kind of 'cue' to help another Person remember what words to say or act to take while performing some Action. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'prompter' in WordNet: 2. prompter, autocue - (a device that displays words for people to read) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prompting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TextualMaterial ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :Prompting :wnsense "cue1v", "prompt1n", "prompt3v", "prompting2n", "remind2v" ; :wordnet "cue", "prompt", "prompting", "remind" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'prompt' in WordNet: 3. prompt, remind, cue - (assist (somebody acting or reciting) by suggesting the next words of something forgotten or imperfectly learned) WN noun 'prompting': 1. prompt, prompting - (a cue given to a performer (usually the beginning of the next line to be spoken); 'the audience could hear his prompting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing . :Promptly :en "in no time flat", "right away", "stat", "with little delay", "with no delay", "without delay" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Prompt ; :ldoce "fast" ; :wnsense "promptly1adv", "promptly2adv", "promptly3adv", "pronto1adv", "quickly2advn", "readily2adv" ; :wordnet "promptly", "pronto", "quickly", "readily" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Promptly' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that the action was performed without delay (afer it was contemplated or ordered recognized as usefulor wrothwile or necessary). @mod1447 Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'fast' and sense 2 of 'quickly' and sense 1 of 'promptly' and sense 1 of'rapidly' in WordNet: WN 'quickly' 2. (16) promptly, quickly, quick - (with little or no delay; 'the rescue squad arrived promptly'; 'come here, quick!') WN 'promptly': 'the rescue squad arrived promptly'; 'come here, quick!') 2. (3) promptly, readily, pronto - (in a punctual manner; 'he did his homework promptly') 3. (2) promptly, right away - (at once (usually modifies an undesirable occurrence); 'he promptly forgot the address') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :ProneToAction :isAnAttributeValueOf :Object ; :wnsense "apt1adj", "apt3adj", "disposed2adj", "liable1adj", "prone2adj", "tending1adj" ; :wordnet "apt", "disposed", "liable", "prone", "tending" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProneToAction'' is an AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects (not only PurposiveAgents) that have a significant probability of perfromeing some Action. For Nitroglycerin, for example, it has a tendency to explode when shocked. An unbalanced vertical object may have a tendency to fall over. both 'prone' and 'apt' and ;liable' are followed by 'to' when they have this meaning. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'prone' and in Wordnet: 2. prone - (having a tendency (to); often used in combination; 'a child prone to mischief'; 'failure-prone') WN adj 'apt': 1. apt, liable - (at risk of or subject to experiencing something usually unpleasant; 'he is apt to lose'; 'she is liable to forget') 3. apt, disposed, given, minded, tending - ((usually followed by 'to') naturally disposed toward; 'he is apt to ignore matters he considers unimportant'; 'I am not minded to answer any questions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Prong :wnsense "prong1n" ; :wordnet "prong" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prong'' is a ''Projection'' (a long and thin ''Protrusion'') that branches out from a supporting 'LongAndThin'' thing, and is tapered somewhat or pointed at the far end. The 'prongs of a Pronghorned antelope do not taper a lot at the end, but they are included here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prong' in WordNet: 1. prong - (a pointed projection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Projection . :Pronoun :guid "c0fe02b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pronoun1n" ; :wordnet "pronoun" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pronouns. Pronouns are indexicals which can replace nouns. Example: 'she'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pronoun' in WordNet: 1. (5) pronoun - (a function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedClassWord . :Pronounced :wnsense "marked1adj", "pronounced1adj" ; :wordnet "marked", "pronounced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pronounced'' is an AttributeValue of Qualities that are easily noticeable. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'marked' in Wordnet: 1. (15) marked, pronounced - (strongly marked; easily noticeable; 'walked with a marked limp'; 'a pronounced flavor of cinnamon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceptible, :Salient . :Pronouncement :wnsense "dictum1n", "pronouncement1n", "say-so2n" ; :wordnet "dictum", "pronouncement", "say-so" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Pronouncement'' is a ''Declaring'' intended to convey an authoritative assertion about some topic. This is not necessarily an order or creating a rule,it may only be a statement by a Person who considers her/himself an expert on a topic able to convey authoritative fact. For a ''Pronouncement'' by an authority creating a Rule, use subtype ''Directive''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pronouncement' in WordNet: 1. (3) pronouncement, dictum, say-so - (an authoritative declaration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Declaring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expert ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Pronouncing :en "pronouncing" ; :ldoce "pronounce" ; :wnsense "articulate3v", "enounce1v", "enunciate1v", "pronounce1v", "say8v", "sound out1v" ; :wordnet "articulate", "enounce", "enunciate", "pronounce", "say", "sound out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Pronouncing' is a Speaking in which one word or phrase is spoken. Every Speaking includes some instance of 'Pronouncing' The difference between general 'Speaking'; and 'Pronouncing' is that the focus of a 'Pronouncing' is the quality and characteristics of the sound produced, rather than its information content. A 'Speaking' Event may or may not be represented with a simultaneous 'Pronouncing', depending on whether the quality of the sound is significant to the application. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pronounce' in WordNet: 1. (3) pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate, say - (speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way; 'She pronounces French words in a funny way'; 'I cannot say 'zip wire''; 'Can the child sound out this complicated word?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking . :Pronunciation :ldoce "pronunciation" ; :wnsense "pronunciation1n", "pronunciation2n" ; :wordnet "pronunciation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each value of 'Pronunciation' is an AttributeValue that characterizes the way that some word or words is pronounced. There are many subtypes of 'PronunciationManner', among the prominent ones being the various accents that may be distinguishable in the pronunciation of words in specific languages, e.g. a German accent in pronouncing English, or a strong US southern accent in pronouncing English, or an Amercian accent in pronouncing Russian, etc. There are subtypes of Pronunciation other than acdents, such as rapid or slow speach, clear or slurred pronunciation, outright mispronunciation, loud or soft pronunciation, etc. The values of this type can be related to instances of Pronouncing or of Speaking by the relation 'hasManner'. See also relation 'hasPronunciation' pointing to an AudioFile. Such an audio file may be accessible online with a URL. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'pronunciation' in WordNet: 1. pronunciation - (the manner in which someone utters a word; 'they are always correcting my pronunciation') 2. pronunciation, orthoepy - (the way a word or a language is customarily spoken; 'the pronunciation of Chinese is difficult for foreigners'; 'that is the correct pronunciation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking . :PronunciationManner :takesValue :WithAnAcccent, :WithaSouthernDrawl ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PronunciationManner'' is a ''MannerOfSpeaking'' in which a person speaks. This sense includes both standard pronunciation and the manner in which an individual has pronounced a word.at some specific time. NOTE: this type is not an ''AdverbialManner'', but a subclass of ''AttributeType'' that takes values of specific manners of pronouncing, such as a ''SouthernDrawl''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MannerOfSpeaking . :Proof :ldoce "proof" ; :wnsense "proof2n" ; :wordnet "proof" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Proof' is a set of Assertions, in the form of a 'DeductiveArgument',a stepwise set of derived intermediary conclusions from a 'Proving' process, leading to a final assertion (the Conclusion) that some particular assertion is true (based on assumptions and the reasoning process). It is an Argument, and may have few or many intermediate steps. For evidence that something is true, use 'Evidence'; a Proof that uses Evidence is still a logical argument, but some of the presmises may be derived from observations of Evidence. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'proof' in WordNet: 2. (8) proof - (a formal series of statements showing that if one thing is true something else necessarily follows from it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeductiveArgument, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proving ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Conclusion ] . :ProofAlcohol :hasComponentSubstance :EthylAlcohol ; :hasFractionalComponent :FiftyPercentAlcohol ; :wnsense "proof spirit1n" ; :wordnet "proof spirit" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProofAlcohol'' is a liquid with 50% ''EthylAlcohol'' by volume, independent of other components. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proof spirit' in WordNet: 1. proof spirit - (a mixture containing half alcohol by volume at 60 degrees Fahrenheit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlcoholicThing, :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance, :LiquidSubstance, :Mixture . :Proofreading :guid "bfd48538-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "proof3v", "proofread1v" ; :wordnet "proof", "proofread" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Events in which #$TextualMaterial is read [#$Reading] in order to determine places in which the #$TextGroup which is instantiated in the the #$InformationBearingObject being examined is not an appropriate #$PropositionalCWText for the #$PropositionalConceptualWork being instantiated. The intent of #$Proofreading is to create a new #$TextGroup as a more accurate #$textOfWork of the #$PropositionalConceptualWork being instantiated. The outputs of a #$Proofreading event is a new #$InformationBearingObject to indicate the new #$TextGroup. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proofread' in WordNet: 1. proofread, proof - (read for errors; 'I should proofread my manuscripts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CheckingSomething, :Editing, :Reading . :Prop :wnsense "prop1n" ; :wordnet "prop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prop'' is any SolidObject that is used as a part of the support for some other SolidObject. This is a Role,and any solid object of sufficient rigidity (possibly soft, like a ''Bolster'') may serve than purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prop' in WordNet: 1. (1) prop - (a support placed beneath or against something to keep it from shaking or falling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProppingSomethingUp ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :supportsPartly ] . :Propaganda :wnsense "propaganda1n" ; :wordnet "propaganda" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Propaganda'' is 'Information' transmitted with an intention to convince the audience of one's pinion(). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'propaganda' in WordNet: 1. (4) propaganda - (information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information . :PropagandaCampaign :en "propaganda campaign", "propagandizing", "spreading propaganda" ; :guid "bd971204-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "advertising campaign1n", "propagandise1v", "propagandise2v", "propagandize1v", "propagandize2v" ; :wordnet "advertising campaign", "propagandise", "propagandize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$MassCommunicating which is intended to shape public opinion about some agent or issue. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'propagandize' in WordNet: 1. propagandize, propagandise - (subject to propaganda) 2. propagandize, propagandise - (spread by propaganda) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Campaign, :Disseminating, :PoliticalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Propaganda ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Propane :guid "c1175b40-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C3H8 ; :wnsense "propane1n" ; :wordnet "propane" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """C3H8. A combustible gas which is commonly compressed into a liquid and used as a fuel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'propane' in WordNet: 1. propane - (colorless gas found in natural gas and petroleum; used as a fuel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkane, :CombustibleFuelSubstance . :Propellant :mayCause :Propelling ; :wnsense "propellant1n" ; :wordnet "propellant" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Propellant' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that is used to propel Objects or Substances. This includes rocket fuels as well as the compressed gases used to propel fluids as areosols, and the explosive substances used to propel bullets or shells in firearms or heavy artillery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'propellant' in WordNet: 1. propellant, propellent - (something that propels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Propelling ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Propeller :guid "c0fd884b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "propeller1n", "propellor1n" ; :wordnet "propeller", "propellor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :PropelleredDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all propellers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'propeller' in WordNet: 1. (1) propeller, propellor - (a mechanical device that rotates to push against air or water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :MechanicalDevice, :PhysicalPartOfObject, :PoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropellingaVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PropelleredDeviceType ] . :PropellerBlade :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade8n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PropellerBlade'' is one of at least two flat objects attached to the ''PhysicalAxis'' of a ''Propeller'' or ''Fan-ElectricalAppliance''. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'blade' in WordNet: 8. blade, vane - (flat surface that rotates and pushes against air or water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericVane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Propeller ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PropelleredDeviceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Each instance of ''PropelleredDeviceType'' is a type of ''Device'' that is a ''Propeller'' or has a ''Propeller'' as a significant part. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceType . :Propelling :eng "propelling" ; :guid "bd58d41c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "impel2v", "propel1v", "propulsion2n" ; :wordnet "impel", "propel", "propulsion" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which one object, by applying a force to another object, causes it to move. The force may be applied in a continuous manner, or by an instantaneous collision or impelling event or by pressure (such as in a rocket) or by any other force, even without contact, as with the electromagnetic forces in a 'railgun'. This is used mostly or exclusively for ''Propelling'' something where the intended destination of the thing propelled is known to the agent doing the propelling. It is possible to imagine a natural 'propelling' something without the propelling agent knowing at least in what direction the propelled object is going (''Bursting'' or volcanic eruption may be examples). But this is for a ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' and the assumption represented by the restriction ''hasIntendedDestination\"'' is that the Agent doing the propelling has some destination in mind. In addition,this is in general an AttemptingAction, and the objects of relations ''hasIntendedDestination''and ''hasEndingPlace'' may have different objects, which would indicate a failed attempt Note that if the canonical ''Target'' is missed, the result will be an instance of ''MissingaTarget''. *NOTE 1 A ''Rebounding'' is not considered as 'Propellling', which is specific for the Event originating the motion of the thing propelled. *NOTE 2 that the 'object' propelled can be a Fluid object - water from a hose, air from a hair drier, etc. Cyc: A collection of all processes of applying a force which results in translational motion. Examples include a boy sitting still propelling a toy car by giving it a push across the floor. Another example; an airplane propeller propels an airplane through the air. Negative examples include a fan motor rotationally propelling fan blades (#$Propelling is a specialization of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion and rotation is not translation). Another negative example is a wagon full of groceries coasting downhill. Even though the wagon may propel (in a general sense of the term propel ) groceries *up* the hill, the strictly downhill timeslice of the motion does not involve the wagon propelling the groceries, since no appreciable force is applied to them. Note, however, that the wagon coasting downhill is a positive example of #$TransportationEvent. Another negative example is dropping something (see #$Dropping) because no force is applied. However, dropping something would still be an instance of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion. NOTE: 'actuation' is a different sense, not being an application of a physical force. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'impel' and sense 1 of 'propel' in WordNet: 2. propel, impel - (cause to move forward with force; 'Steam propels this ship') WN noun 'propulsion: 2. propulsion, actuation - (the act of propelling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingAForce, :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedDestination ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Target :LocationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MissingaTarget ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :PropellingAir a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PropellingAir'' is a ''PropellingaFluid'' where the ''FluidObject'' propelled is some quantity of ''Air''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropellingaFluid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :AirCurrent ] . :PropellingDevice a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PropellingDevice is a PhysicalObject (not necessarily and Artifact, in spite of the name) which is designed by agents or by evolution to propel something (see 'Propelling'). This includes not only human artifacts like guns, bow and arrow, slingshot, trebuchet, etc., but the natural body parts of certain animals that evolved to propel things like liquids at prey or at predators.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Propelling ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :PropellingaBall :ldoce "row" ; :wnsense "row1v" ; :wordnet "row" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PropellingaBall' is an Action in which an animate agent (usally a Person, sometimes an animal) propels some kind of ball, whether using the hand(s) or by means of some device scuh as a golf club, tennis racket, baseball bat, croquet club, etc. This action results from 'StrokingAtaBall'. This Action requires a body movement, therefore the propelling of a ball by an automatic ball-throwing machine is not included. This may or may not be a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'', but can also be propelling by throwing or pushing with a gradual acceleration rather than a collision (e.g. shooting from a tube). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Propelling, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StrokingAtaBall ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ball ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :PropellingaBoat :en "propelling a boat" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PropellingaBoat'' is a subtype of ''PropellingaVehicle'' where the 'vehicle' propelled is a ''Watercraft' of some kind. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropellingaVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Watercraft ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :PropellingaFluid a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PropellingaFluid'' is a subtype of ''Propelling'' where the Object propelled is a ''FluidObject'' - e.g. some quantity of Water or Air. This can be natural or caused by a Device such as a pump or a fan. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Propelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidCurrent ] . :PropellingaVehicle :wnsense "drive8v" ; :wordnet "drive" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PropellingaVehicle'' is a subtype of ''Propelling'' where the Object propelled is ''TransportationDevice-Vehicle''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 8 of 'drive' (for propelling a vehicle) in WordNet: 8. (2) drive - (push, propel, or press with force; 'Drive a nail into the wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Propelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Translocation ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :ProperTimeInterval a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ProperTimeInterval is a TimeInterval of non-zero length duration. This is provided for the contingency that logical relations may not be able to properly interpret a zero-length TimeInterval (i.e. a TimePoInt) as an interval.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval . :Properly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Correct ; :wnsense "correctly1adv", "properly1adv", "right5adv" ; :wordnet "correctly", "properly", "right" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Properly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action that is done and signals that the Event being described was performed in a 'proper' (correct) manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'properly' ('the right way') and adverb sense 1 of 'correctly' in Wordnet: 1. (21) properly, decently, decent, in good order, right, the right way - (in the right manner; 'please do your job properly!'; 'can't you carry me decent?') WN adverb 'correctly' 1. (6) correctly, right, aright - (in a correct manner; 'he guessed right') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Property :en "possessions" ; :guid "c14442f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "possession", "property" ; :wnsense "belongings1n", "possession2n", "property2n" ; :wordnet "belongings", "possession", "property" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: any thing that is owned - an object, right, substance, land. For the Group of ''Physicalobjects'' owned by a Person, whether or not they have significantmonetary value (e.g. memorabilia) use subtype ''Belongings''. Cyc: This is the collection of all things which are owned. Members of this collection may be tangible, such as real estate, or intangible, such as the rights to produce a movie based on a particular book. Ownership has complex characteristics - not yet detailed. The restriction ''hasMonetaryValue'' does not have to be flled in ,but is here as a reminder that some monetary value should be specified, even if approximate, Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'property' and includes as a subtype noun sense 2 of 'possession' in WordNet: 2. (178) property, belongings, holding, material possession - (something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone; 'that hat is my property'; 'he is a man of property';) WN noun 'possession': 2. (6) possession - (anything owned or possessed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Owned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :PropertyDamage a :LossType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PropertyDamage' is a PersonalLoss in which some valuable PhysicalObject is damaged or destroyed, or lost or stolen. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalLoss, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Damage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :PropertyRight :en "ownership", "property right", "proprietorship", "right of ownership", "right of private property" ; a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Right to ownership of private property. This 'Right' is not universally acknowledged (as in Communist countries), and is restricted by other rights like eminent domain. The existence of an instance of this ''Right'' is intimately associated with some ''PersistentState'' of ''Ownership'', as specified by the restriction (isCreatedOrEntailedBy Ownership). This right can be transferred by selling it or as a free gift. 'Property' in Yale OCM (420) appears to be similar in meaning:: OCM: General statements dealing with several of the specific aspects of the property system. Material concerning the property system as a whole will be filed in Category 421. The term 'property' is to be distinguished from wealth, material possessions, or any object of ownership. It is to be understood only in the strict technical sense of the jural relations of people with regard to some subject matter and governing the use and enjoyment of the latter. In precise usage, a 'right' is correlated with a 'duty' (if A has a right against B, B is under a corresponding duty toward A); a 'privilege' is correlated with 'no right' (if A has a privilege as against B, B has no right against A, instead of a duty); a 'power' is correlated with 'liability' (if A has a power as against B, B is under a liability that his jural relations may be changed by a voluntary act on the past of A). A 'title' is a distinct constellation of rights, privileges, and powers with respect to some subject matter. A 'type of ownership' refers to the social composition of the holders of a title, e.g., an individual, a partnership, a clan, a corporation, a state. A 'property transaction' is an act which transfers a title to a new owner. A 'property system' consists of every type of title, ownership, and property transaction recognized by a society with respect to all culturally defined classes of subject matter, and is not dependent upon the statistical frequency with which its constituent elements manifest themselves. Appears close to the meaning of noun sense 'ownership' in RHW: 2. legal right of possession; proprietorship """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedOrEntailedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ownership ] . :Prophase :wnsense "prophase1n" ; :wordnet "prophase" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prophase'' is a subevent of ''CellDivision''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prophase' in WordNet: 1. prophase - (the first stage of meiosis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CellDivision ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Prophecy :guid "c04ec25a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "divination2n", "divination3n", "foretelling2n", "fortune telling1n", "prophecy2n", "soothsaying1n" ; :wordnet "divination", "foretelling", "fortune telling", "prophecy", "soothsaying" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prophecy''is 'Foretelling' based on mystical or religious or some 'paranormal' method with no reproducible accuracy. CYC 'Divination': A specialization of #$InterpretingSignificance and #$ParanormalEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event of predicting the future or discovering the truth by means underexplained by current science - such as #$TarotCardReading, #$Astrology, palmistry, and geomancy. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'prophecy' in WordNet: 2. (1) prophecy, divination - (a prediction uttered under divine inspiration) WN noun 'divination': 3. divination, foretelling, soothsaying, fortune telling - (the art or gift of prophecy (or the pretense of prophecy) by supernatural means) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foretelling, :ParanormalEvent . :Prophet :guid "c0fab7d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oracle1n", "prophesier1n", "prophet1n", "seer3n", "vaticinator1n" ; :wordnet "oracle", "prophesier", "prophet", "seer", "vaticinator" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prophet'' is a ''Seer'' who is accepted as having the ability to predict the future. This is not necessarily a religious person - that is a different type of 'Prophet'. CYC: The collection of leaders / teachers who predict the future (e.g., make a #$Prediction) regarding the actions of God/the gods. NOTE: the CYC sense may differ from this as this is not for the Biblical type of ''Prophet''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prophet' in WordNet: 1. (3) prophet, prophesier, oracle, seer, vaticinator - (an authoritative person who divines the future) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diviner, :Teacher . :Proponent :wnsense "advocate1n", "advocator1n", "exponent1n", "proponent1n" ; :wordnet "advocate", "advocator", "exponent", "proponent" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Proponent'' is a 'Supporter'' of a cause that the ''Proponent'' beleves is worthwhile and performs some kind of ''SupportingAction'', typically communicating with others to gain more support for the cause. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proponent' in WordNet: 1. (2) advocate, advocator, proponent, exponent - (a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingAction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Proportion :wnsense "proportion1n" ; :wordnet "proportion" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Proportion'' is a ''DimensionlessRatio'' of the sizes of one Object (or group) relative to a larger object (or Group) of which the first is a *Part* of the larger, The ratio will always be less than 1, as the ''Size'' of the *part* will be the numerator.. The numerator and denominator will be ''Size''s of compatible dimension (area, volume, mass, length, number). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proportion' in WordNet: 1. (10) proportion - (the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DimensionlessRatio, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :FractionFrom0to1 ] . :Proportional :wnsense "proportional1adj", "relative2adj" ; :wordnet "proportional", "relative" ; a :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Proportional'' is a subtye of ''Relative'' characterizing things that have some appropriate proportional relation to something else. This can characterize a quantitative or qualitative 'proportionality'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proportional' in Wordnet: 1. (18) proportional, relative - (properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by 'to'; 'the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime'; 'earnings relative to production') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relative . :Proposal :guid "bd646625-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "proposal1n" ; :wordnet "proposal" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Proposal in COSMO differs from the use of that term in Cyc in being broader. In COSMO it is a Suggestion of the form 'We should do xxx' - putting forward a course of action. It applies to all suggestions for action among any group of two or more agents. NOTE: in COSMO this is an abstract LinguisticAssertion, not an Event. Cyc: A specialization of both #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory and #$IntangibleExistingThing. Each instance of #$Proposal is a potential agreement in the 'proposal' stage -- i.e., a potential agreement which is under consideration but which has not yet been adopted. The making and consideration of #$Proposals is an important part of such activities as #$Negotiating and legislative #$Debate (qq.v.). Examples of #$Proposals include instances of #$BidOnSale, job offers, proposed codes of conduct (including proposals for new #$Laws), and proposed punishments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proposal' in Wordnet: 1. (17) proposal - (something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suggestion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proposed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Proposed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Proposing ; :wnsense "projected1adj", "proposed1adj" ; :wordnet "projected", "proposed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Proposed'' is the attribute of some ''FutureSituation'' that is the *object (*patient) of a 'Proposing'' action. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'proposed' in WordNet: 1. (9) projected, proposed - (planned for the future; 'the first volume of a proposed series') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suggested . :ProposerOfaTheory :wnsense "theoretician1n", "theorist1n" ; :wordnet "theoretician", "theorist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person,usually a scientist or mathematician, who proposes a theory, either to explain some natural phenomenon or law of nature, or to describe some mathematical object or system. The proposer does not necessarily have to prove the theory. Neither sense of 'discoverer' in WordNet seems to fit this type,but it is a subtype of the general type 'Discoverer'. The closest WordNet synset seems to be 'theorist' sense 1, and 'theoretician' sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (1) theorist, theoretician, theorizer, theoriser, idealogue - (someone who theorizes (especially in science or art)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discoverer, :Scientist . :Proposing :eng "proposing" ; :wnsense "advise3v", "propose1v", "propose2v", "propose4v", "propose5v", "suggest1v" ; :wordnet "advise", "propose", "suggest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Proposing' is an AssertingEvent in which one Agent asserts a willingness to do some future action, which may or may not be contingent on the addressee also doing some future action. If the addressee can take advantage of the offer without a simultaneous or prior ''ReciprocalAction'', that would be an instance of the subtype 'Offering'. This type requires that the agent doing the proposing be part of the contemplated action, in some way, even if only to offer to give something to the addressee. For situations where an agent suggests something for someone else to do,without the first agent's participation, use the parent type 'Suggesting' This includes parts of verb senses 2, 4, and 5 of 'propose' and noun sense 6 of 'agreement' in WordNet (the part where an agent suggests something for another agent to do is covered by the parent type 'Suggesting'); sense 2 is the most general sense and the other three senses are distinguishable subtypes in WordNet: 1. (57) propose, suggest, advise - (make a proposal, declare a plan for something) 2. (21) project, propose - (present for consideration) 4. (1) nominate, propose - (put forward; nominate for appointment to an office; 'The President nominated her as head of the Civil Rights Commission') 5. (1) propose, declare oneself, offer, pop the question - (ask (someone) to marry you; 'he popped the question on Sunday night'; 'she proposed marriage to the man she had known for only two months'; 'The old bachelor finally declared himself to the young woman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RequestingOrProposing, :Suggesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proposal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proposed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Proposition :ldoce "information" ; :wnsense "information2n", "information3n", "proposition1n" ; :wordnet "information", "proposition" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Proposition is the abstract propositional content (i.e. the 'meaning') of some sentence, formula, or combination of sentences in any language, **but** this is not the sentence itself. A Proposition is the actual meaning of a sentence or sentences in any language, and is independent of the language and of the symbol system used to encode the meaning. A related collection of Propositions is still considered as a Proposition; a prominent example is the body of accepted lore in some FieldOfStudy. Every Proposition has at least one topic related by the 'hasTopic' relation. There may be some temptation to use the subtypes of Proposition (Assertion, Axiom, Rule) as though they are symbolic objects - perhaps AbstractTexts. In casual conversation this will create no problems, and in fact it may not create problems in reasoning with the COSMO either, since both are abstract entities and not PhysicalObjects, and thus not disjoint. But it will be good practice to keep the propositional meanings separate from what are explicit though abstract linguistic representations of the meanings, wherever the distinction is clear. NOTE that this abstract notion of Proposition should not be conflated with an AbstractText that expresses that Proposition in symbols (usually linguistic symbols). An abstract 'Proposition' is related to such a symbolic representation by the relation 'hasAbstractRepresentation'. SUMO: Propositions are Abstract entities that express a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example, the formula '(instance Yojo Cat)' expresses the Proposition that the entity named Yojo is an element of the Class of Cats. Note that propositions are not restricted to the content expressed by individual sentences of a Language. They may encompass the content expressed by theories, books, and even whole libraries. It is important to distinguish Propositions from the ContentBearingObjects that express them. A Proposition is a piece of information, e.g. that the cat is on the mat, but a ContentBearingObject is an Object that represents this information. A Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: strings, sounds, icons, etc. For example, the Proposition that the cat is on the mat is represented here as a string of graphical characters displayed on a monitor and/or printed on paper, but it can be represented by a sequence of sounds or by some non-latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: A collection of intangible individuals. Each instance of #$Proposition is an abstract propositional thing that has some truth value in some context or world. A proposition is assumed to be representable (at least in principle) by a sentence in some formal or natural language. But it should _not_ be assumed that propositions are themselves intrinsically linguistic items in the way that sentences or formulae are. Indeed, propositions are often viewed as extra-linguistic, intensional entities that (while not sentences themselves) are represented or expressed by meaningful sentences (or, on some versions of this view, by concrete tokens of sentences). On such a view it is possible for distinct sentences (either from the same language or from different languages) to express the very same proposition; e.g. 'Snow is white', 'White is the color of snow', 'Schnee ist weiss'. (in German), and (arguably) '(#$relationAllInstance #$objectHasColor #$SnowMob #$WhiteColor)' (in CycL). Similarly, it is sometimes the case that a single sentence - when used in different contexts - will express distinct propositions; e.g. 'I am hungry.' said by you and said by me. Most formal languages (such as a first-order predicate calculus) and natural languages (such as English) include the resources for composing expressions that represent propositions from component expressions (that might or might not themselves represent other propositions).\\n\\nDOLCE: The abstract content of a proposition. Abstract content is purely combinatorial: from this viewpoint, any content that can be generated by means of combinatorial rules is assumed to exist in the domain of quantification (reified abstracts). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proposition' in Wordnet, but includes other words that label the logical content of statements containing information.: in WordNet: 1. (6) proposition - ((logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false) WN Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'information' in Wordnet; sense 3 can be a subtype WN (as of rev1019 not directly represented?? Wordnet: 2. (215) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data') 3. (72) information - (knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :PropositionGroup :en "group of propositions", "proposition group" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PropositionGroup'' is any MentalObject that consist of more than one simple ''Proposition''. A group of this kind may form a theory,and the individual propositions in the ''PropositionGroup'' may be compared for logical consistency. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :MentalObject, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Proposition ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PropositionPair a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PropositionPair'' is a Group of two ''Proposition''s, which may be compared for logical consistency..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Proposition ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :PropositionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PropositionType' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Propositions and an argument restriction for various relations on Propositions types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObjectType . :PropositionalAttitudeContext :guid "c10af09d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all contexts (all instances of #$Microtheory, q.v.) which contain assertions expressing the propositional attitudes (beliefs, desires, intentions) of some agent or group of agents.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microtheory . :PropositionalConceptualWork :guid "bf92f9bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ConceptualWork. Each instance of #$PropositionalConceptualWork is an abstract work constituted at least in part by propositional information. Propositional information is information which has a truth value in some context (see #$Proposition). Typically, instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork will be works whose instantiations are composed of (or merely contain) one or more spoken or written sentences. Positive examples of #$PropositionalConceptualWork include any instances of #$ProseLiteraryWork-CW (including instances of #$AcademicEssay and #$ExpositoryArticle). A positive example that is *not* a literary work is any instance of #$MusicalComposition that has lyrics that express propositions; another positive example is a mostly graphical advertisement that also includes text that expresses propositions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork, :InformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proposition ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :PropositionalInformationThing :guid "bd5880a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc this was a subtype of 'Microtheory' but this seems to unnecessarily broaden the meaning of 'Microtheory' to include any information ('Memory' is a subtype of PropositionalinformationThing'). In COSMO PropositionalInformationThing is made a direct subclass of Information-Content, and the link to Microtheory is severed. This abstract notion includes information represented on physical objects of any kind, from the brains of people to data storage media, provided that the information is propositional. For this purpose, we include simple images as being propsitional information, because an image encodes spatial relation information that could be represented as logical propsitions (the head bone connected to the neck bone, etc.) Cyc:A specialization of both #$InformationStore and #$Microtheory. Each instance of #$PropositionalInformationThing (or PIT ) is an abstract object - a chunk of information consisting of one or more propositions. The propositional content of a PIT is not essentially encoded in any particular language, and it may be representable in many languages. PITs are used to represent the informational contents of #$InformationBearingThings. Objects or events which are instances of #$InformationBearingThing are linked to the abstract PIT contents they embody using the predicate #$containsInformation (see also the function #$PITOfIBTFn). An instance of #$PropositionalInformationThing may be something as simple as the information content of a command to stop one's vehicle, expressed in a road sign or in a traffic officer's gesture, or it may be something as complex as the entire contemporary knowledge of #$Mathematics, embodied in many and various sources.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content . :Propounding :wnsense "propound1v" ; :wordnet "propound" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Propounding'' is an ''Advising'' ''Action'' in which one Person asserts to another that some idea (principle, fact, theory, course of action) will be useful for some intended course of action or for solving some problem, practical theoretical. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'propound' in WordNet: 1. propound - (put forward, as of an idea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suggesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :PossibleFutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :UsefulSuggestion ] . :ProppingSomethingUp a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProppingSomethingUp'' is an transitive Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject to remain in an elevated position by inserting a physical object under it to serve as a 'prop. (supporting structure that hold (a support placed beneath Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prop up' in WordNet: 1. (2) prop up, prop, shore up, shore - (support by placing against something solid or rigid; 'shore and buttress an old building') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :SupportingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingSupported ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prop ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :Proprietary :isAnAttributeValueOf :ConceptualWork, :DrugProduct, :Product, :Trademark ; :wnsense "proprietary1adj" ; :wordnet "proprietary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Proprietary'' is an AttributeValue of commercial ''Product''s that are protected by ''Patent'' or ''Copyright'' or ''Trademark''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proprietary' in Wordnet: 1. proprietary - (protected by trademark or patent or copyright; made or produced or distributed by one having exclusive rights; \" 'Tylenol' is a proprietary drug of which 'acetaminophen' is the generic form \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Proprietor :FIBO "owner" ; :wnsense "owner1n", "proprietor1n" ; :wordnet "owner", "proprietor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Proprietor'' is a Person who owns (all of or most of) a ''Business''. The Business can be very small, such as a B and B. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proprietor' in WordNet: 1. (11) owner, proprietor - ((law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business; 'he is the owner of a chain of restaurants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Owner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom :Business ] . :ProrityType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProrityType'' is a specialized metaclass that allows assigning qualitative values of priority to tasks.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType . :ProsAndCons :en "pros and cons" ; :ennp "pros and cons" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProsAndCons'' are a group of Arguments that include factors in favor of a proposal and factors opposed. 'Weigh the pros and cons.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Argument, :Group . :ProseArticle :wnsense "article1n" ; :wordnet "article" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''ProseArticle'' is a ''DocumentPart'' that is the abstract representation of some self-contained ''AbstractDocument'' that is paart of a larger ''AbstractDocument'' but not directly dependent on any other part. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'article ' in WordNet: 1. (14) article - (nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentPart, :FactualText, :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractDocument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Self-Contained ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ProseLiteraryWork :guid "c0880ef2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prose1n" ; :wordnet "prose" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc termed 'ProseLiteraryWork-CW'. Cyc: The collection of all #$PropositionalConceptualWorks which are prose. Including all instances of #$Article-PCW, #$AcademicEssay, #$Novel-CW. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prose' in WordNet: 1. (3) prose - (ordinary writing as distinguished from verse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiteraryWork . :Prosecution :wnsense "criminal prosecution1n", "prosecute1n", "prosecute2n", "prosecution1n" ; :wordnet "criminal prosecution", "prosecute", "prosecution" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prosecution'' is that part of a ''CriminalProceding'' in which a ''Prosecutor'' with the proper authority files criminal charges against a defendent, and manages the case until dropped or taken to verdict in a trial. all subsequent actions in the same case. The other part would be the 'defense'. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'prosecute' and noun sense 1 of 'prosecution' in WordNet: 1. (3) prosecute - (conduct a prosecution in a court of law) 2. (3) prosecute - (bring a criminal action against (in a trial); 'The State of California prosecuted O.J. Simpson') WN noun 'prosecution': 1. (3) prosecution, criminal prosecution - (the institution and conduct of legal proceedings against a defendant for criminal behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prosecutor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Prosecutor :guid "94be6498-bacc-11d6-8000-0002b3a330dc" ; :wnsense "prosecuting attorney1n", "prosecuting officer1n", "prosecutor1n", "public prosecutor1n" ; :wordnet "prosecuting attorney", "prosecuting officer", "prosecutor", "public prosecutor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all prosecutors: i.e., the collection of all lawers employed by the state for the purpose of prosecuting criminal cases within a defined jurisdiction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prosecutor' in WordNet: 1. (4) prosecutor, public prosecutor, prosecuting officer, prosecuting attorney - (a government official who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JudicialAgent, :Lawyer, :LegalProfessional, :PublicOfficial . :Prospect :isAnAttributeValueOf :FutureSituation ; :wnsense "chance5n", "prospect1n", "prospect2n" ; :wordnet "chance", "prospect" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prospect'' is a ''Chance'' of some ''FutureSituation'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prospect' in WordNet: 1. (10) prospect, chance - (the possibility of future success; 'his prospects as a writer are excellent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.9"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :Prospecting :eng "prospecting" ; :guid "bdc5edb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prospect2v" ; :wordnet "prospect" ; a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prospecting'' is an ''ExplorationSearch'' in which a ''Prospector'' searches for mineral resources, including oil and mineral ores, which typically requires digging or drilling into the Ground. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prospect' in WordNet: 2. prospect - (explore for useful or valuable things or substances, such as minerals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplorationSearch, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prospector ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MineralResource ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ] . :Prospective :pertainsTo :PossibleFutureSituation ; :wnsense "prospective1adj", "prospective2adj" ; :wordnet "prospective" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prospective'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a ''PossibleFutureSituation'' or some entity(s) that are saliently associated with such a Situation. The additional element of 'anticipated/expected' that may be implied in some cases is included here,but may be distinguished as a separate sense if it can be clearly recognized in text. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'prospective' in Wordnet: 1. (6) prospective - (concerned with or related to the future; 'prospective earnings'; 'a prospective mother'; 'the statute is solely prospective in operation') 2. (2) prospective - (anticipated for the near future; 'the prospective students'; 'his prospective bride') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :Possible . :Prospector :wnsense "prospector1n" ; :wordnet "prospector" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Prospector'' is the Role of a Person who performs ''Prospecting'' searching for valuable ''MineralResource''s such as ores, petroleum, or gems. The term 'prospector' usally refers to those hunting for mineral ores. Oil exploration is these days mostly conducted by large companies, though there were 'wildcatters' who searched as individuals or small groups. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prospector' in WordNet: 1. prospector - (someone who explores an area for mineral deposits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prospecting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Prosperity :wnsense "prosperity1n", "successfulness1n" ; :wordnet "prosperity", "successfulness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prosperity'' is ''Wellbeing'' in which a Person or Group of People well have above average health and wealth, and have no financial impediments to deep happiness. (Personal issues can interfere with that). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prosperity' in WordNet: 2. (1) prosperity, successfulness - (the condition of prospering; having good fortune) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wellbeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VeryGood ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Prostate :guid "bfab6ba9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prostate gland1n", "prostate1n" ; :wordnet "prostate", "prostate gland" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Prostate #$Glands. Each instance of this collection is a gland situated adjacent to the urinary bladder (#$Bladder-Urinary) of a male #$Mammal within which the #$EjaculatoryDucts join the #$Urethra. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prostate' in WordNet: 1. prostate gland, prostate - (a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndocrineGland . :Prostitute :en "strumpet" ; :enn "strumpet" ; :guid "c10c92a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bawd1n", "cocotte1n", "cyprian1n", "fancy woman1n", "harlot1n", "lady of pleasure1n", "prostitute1n", "sporting lady1n", "tart1n", "whore1n", "woman of the street1n", "working girl1n" ; :wordnet "bawd", "cocotte", "cyprian", "fancy woman", "harlot", "lady of pleasure", "prostitute", "sporting lady", "tart", "whore", "woman of the street", "working girl" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation and a specialization of #$SexWorker. Each instance of #$Prostitute is a person who earns at least part of his/her livelihood by performing sexual acts in exchange for money. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prostitute' in WordNet: 1. (1) prostitute, cocotte, whore, harlot, bawd, tart, cyprian, fancy woman, working girl, sporting lady, lady of pleasure, woman of the street - (a woman who engages in sexual intercourse for money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fornicator, :SexWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prostitution ; owl:onProperty :sells ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prostitution ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Prostitution :guid "c0615c71-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "harlotry1n", "prostitution1n", "whoredom1n" ; :wordnet "harlotry", "prostitution", "whoredom" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of #$Prostitution is an event in which a #$Prostitute performs #$SexualBehavior with a client for money. NOTE that there are places where Prostitution is not a crime, so that parent type may have to be removed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prostitution' in WordNet: 1. (2) prostitution, harlotry, whoredom - (offering sexual intercourse for pay) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessEvent, :CommercialActivity, :Crime, :ServiceEvent, :SexualBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanSexualIntercourse ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Prostrate :wnsense "prone1adj", "prostrate1adj", "prostrate2adj" ; :wordnet "prone", "prostrate" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Prostrate'' is a subtype of ''MostlyHorizontal'' applying to the posture of a Person who is lying ''MostlyHorizontal'' (flat), whether face up or face down or on one's side. The WN sense 2 can be a subtype when needed. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'prostrate' in Wordnet: 1. (2) flat, prostrate - (stretched out and lying at full length along the ground; 'found himself lying flat on the floor') 2. prone, prostrate - (lying face downward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MostlyHorizontal . :Protactinium :guid "c049d4ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "91"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Pa2n", "protactinium1n", "protoactinium1n" ; :wordnet "Pa", "protactinium", "protoactinium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Protactinium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protactinium' in WordNet: 1. protactinium, protoactinium, Pa, atomic number 91 - (a short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Protagonist :wnsense "agonist1n", "protagonist2n" ; :wordnet "agonist", "protagonist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Protagonist' is a ''FictionalCharacter'' who is the main (''Principal'') character in a work of fiction (a ''FictionalStory''). Usually a Person, but aliens and other intelligent creatures may serve this role. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'protagonist' in WordNet: 2. protagonist, agonist - (the principal character in a work of fiction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalIntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FictionalStory ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fictional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Principal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FictionalStory ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ] . :Protected :en "safer" ; :enadj "safer" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Protecting ; :wnsense "protected1adj", "secure3adj" ; :wordnet "protected", "secure" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Protected'' is a property of PhysicalObjects and Actions that have some kind of ''Protective'' Device or system or Guardian to make them safer or less liable to damage or (for Actions) hindrance. This can be a Person or Device protected from harm, a valuable thing protected from theft, or a location 'protected' from the effects of bad weather, among other things. NOTE: being 'protected' does not make one completely 'secure', just more so than without the ''Protecting'' action. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'protected' in Wordnet: 1. (1) protected, secure - (kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss; 'the most protected spot I could find') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Protecting :eng "guarding", "protecting" ; :ldoce "guard", "protect", "protection" ; :wnsense "guard3v", "protect1v", "protection1n" ; :wordnet "guard", "protect", "protection" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The general sense of acting so as to protect oneself, a place, an object, or an associate against some form of danger; this is also used for the subtype 'SavingforFutureUse', where the 'danger' is only a premature use or premature wearing out of some useful thing. The protection can be active, as in fighting an opponent, or passive, as in placing a cover over something to keep it from getting wet (in the rain) or dusty; or, in the case of money, placing it in some place safe from theft or undesired use by others.. This includes defense against natural forces as well as animate opponents; the more specific subtype 'Defending' is an act of protecting against an attack by an opponent. @ToDo: distinguish action by a person from passive forms of protecting; find a nuance to distinguish 'protect' from 'guard' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'protect' and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'guard' and noun sense 1 of 'protection' in WordNet: 1. (44) protect - (shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage; 'Weatherbeater protects your roof from the rain') 1. (19) protection - (the activity of protecting someone or something; 'the witnesses demanded police protection') WN verb 'guard': 2. (6) guard, ward - (watch over or shield from danger or harm; protect; 'guard my possessions while I'm away') 3. (2) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; 'Hold that position behind the trees!'; 'Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncurringDamage ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protective ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :ProtectingPassively :ldoce "guard", "protect", "protection" ; :wnsense "guard3v", "protect1v" ; :wordnet "guard", "protect", "protection" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ProtectingPassively' is a 'Protecting' in which some inanimate object protects something or someone from harm. This is not an Action. This includes defense against natural forces as well as animate opponents; This can be accomplished by a natural object (e.g. a cave) or an artifact. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'protect' and noun sense 1 of 'protection' in WordNet: 1. (44) protect - (shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage; 'Weatherbeater protects your roof from the rain') WN Also, part of verb 'guard': (this may be passive, but usually isn't) 3. (2) defend, guard, hold - (protect against a challenge or attack; Hold that position behind the trees!; Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IncurringDamage ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :ProtectingaPerson :en "protecting a person" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProtectingaPerson'' is a ''GuardingSomething'' where the thing guarded is a ''Person''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :GuardingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :ProtectingaPersonPassively :en "protecting a person passively" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProtectingaPerson'' is a ''Protecting'' performed by some 'Device'' or ''Covering-Object'' where the thing protected is a ''Person''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :ProtectingPassively, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Covering-Object :Device :DeviceType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InjuryCondition ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Protective :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Protecting ; :ldoce "protective" ; :wnsense "protective1adj" ; :wordnet "protective" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Protective' is an AttributeValue of Object or Action that serves to protect something from harm. If an Object, it may be a participant in a 'Protecting' Event; if an Event, it may be a cause of a Protecting Event. @ToDO; this attributeValue needs rules to relate it to Protecting. The relation used is a placeholder. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'protective' in WordNet: 1. (9) protective - (intended or adapted to afford protection of some kind; 'a protective covering'; 'the use of protective masks and equipment'; 'protective coatings'; 'kept the drunken sailor in protective custody'; 'animals with protective coloring'; 'protective tariffs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ProtectiveCap :wnsense "cap4n" ; :wordnet "cap" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProtectiveCap'' is a ''ProtectiveCovering'' that is attached only at the top end of an object (or part of an object) and projects Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'cap' in WordNet: 4. (1) cap - (something serving as a cover or protection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtectiveCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rod ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :ProtectiveClothing :wnsense "protective garment1n" ; :wordnet "protective garment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protective garment' in WordNet: 1. protective garment - (clothing that is intended to protect the wearer from injury) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, :FoldableObject, :ProtectiveSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProtectingaPersonPassively ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :ProtectiveCovering :wnsense "protection2n", "protective cover1n", "protective covering1n" ; :wordnet "protection", "protective cover", "protective covering" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProtectiveCovering'' is a ''Covering'' and an artifactual ''ProtectiveObject'' that is designed to protect something (from any undesirable thing) by covering it Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protective covering' in WordNet: 1. protective covering, protective cover, protection - (a covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury; 'they had no protection from the fallout'; 'wax provided protection for the floors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering, :ProtectiveObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProtectingPassively ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protective ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoveringSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ProtectiveMask :wnsense "mask4n" ; :wordnet "mask" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProtectiveMask'' is a ''Mask'' designed to protect the Face, or a part of the Face, such as eyes, or other parts of the body accessible through the face, such as the lungs or, in the case of a ''GasMask'', the whole body. This is distinguished from ''Mask''s that are used for concealing identity or as a costume. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'mask' in WordNet: 4. mask - (a protective covering worn over the face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :Mask, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProtectingaPersonPassively ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :ProtectiveObject :ldoce "protection" ; :wnsense "protection2n" ; :wordnet "protection" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for objects that may be natural or artifactual that are 'designed' by evolution or by people to provide some form of protection for animals. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protective ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protecting ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :ProtectiveSystem :ldoce "protection" ; :wnsense "protection2n" ; :wordnet "protection" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for objects. Methods to protect oneself from harm are not yet represented. (for 'precaution' use 'Caution' until more detail is added) CYC: #$ProtectiveSystem is the collection of objects that are supposed to prevent damage. Instances of #$ProtectiveSystem will either lower something's vulnerability or lower the #$DegreeOfDamage it incurs in a situation. Also, instances of #$ProtectiveSystem can either be part of the object protected or distinct from it. This collection includes both natural systems (e.g., turtle shells and cacti thistles) as well as intentionally designed systems (e.g., shields and barricades). To refer to the latter specifically, use #$DefenseSystem. Includes part of sense 2 of 'protection' (the object part) in WordNet: 2. (5) protective covering, protective cover, protection - (a covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury; 'they had no protection from the fallout'; 'wax provided protection for the floors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalSystem, :ProtectiveObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protective ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Protector :wnsense "defender1n", "guardian1n", "preserver3n", "protector1n", "shielder1n" ; :wordnet "defender", "guardian", "preserver", "protector", "shielder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Protector' is a HumanRole (a Person) who provides some type and some degree of security from some threat. his is a very general type, including many different subtypes. Includes noun senses 3 of 'preserver', sense 1 of 'defender', sense 1 of 'guardian', sense 1 of 'protector' sense 1 of 'shielder', sense 1 of 'guard' in WordNet: WN 'preserver' 3. preserver - (someone who keeps safe from harm or danger) WN 'defender': 1. (3) defender, guardian, protector, shielder - (a person who cares for persons or property) WN noun 'guard': 1. (15) guard - (a person who keeps watch over something or someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protecting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Protectorate :guid "bd59047c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "associated state1n", "protectorate1n" ; :wordnet "associated state", "protectorate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The physical and functional sides of a Protectorate - a ''GeographicalArea'' (a PhysicalObject) that is weakly controlled by a foreign power, and (typically) strongly defended by them in case of attack. NOTE: the relationships of Protectorate to Foreign power are not well detailed here. Needs more definition. 'controlled' reation is too broad. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protectorate' in WordNet: 1. (1) protectorate, associated state - (a state or territory partly controlled by (but not a possession of) a stronger state but autonomous in internal affairs; protectorates are established by treaty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlledLand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GeopoliticalEntity ] . :Protein :hasMonomerUnit :AminoAcidUnit ; :wnsense "protein1n" ; :wordnet "protein" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A polymer whose constituent units are amino acids. A Protein may have chemical groups attached such as phosphate or sugars, but it remains a Protein. NOTE that a Protein must be of a kind produced in organisms, or something similar. Therefore a homopolymer produced synthetically is not a Protein, but a synthetic version of a natural enzyme is a Protein. Although Protein generically is not classified as 'OrganicCompound', specific proteins (e.g. BovineSerumALbumin) may be sufficiently well defined to classify as 'OrganicCompound'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protein' in Wordnet: 1. (23) protein - (any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; 'a diet high in protein') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biopolymer, :HeteroPolymer, :MacroMolecularSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AminoAcidUnit ; owl:onProperty :hasMonomerUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProteinMolecule ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :ProteinFolding :en "protein folding" ; :ldoce "fold" ; :wnsense "fold1v", "folding1n" ; :wordnet "fold", "folding" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The specialized biochemical process in which a protein - newly synthesized or unfolded form its natural conformation, becomes folded, in which shape it may perform its normal biochemical functions. This is normally used intransitively, as the proteins self-fold under the proper conditions, but it may include an act in which some other agent causes the protein to fold properly. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'fold' and more specifically, noun sense 1 of 'folding' in WordNet: WN vern 'fold': 1. (5) fold, fold up, turn up - (bend or lay so that one part covers the other; 'fold up the newspaper'; 'turn up your collar') WN noun 'folding': 1. protein folding, folding - (the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape; 'understanding protein folding is the next step in deciphering the genetic code') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalReaction, :Folding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protein ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :ProteinMolecule a :ChemicalObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProteinMolecule'' is a ''ChemicalSequence'' consisting of ''AminoAcidUnit''s. This is one ''Molecule'' of a ''Protein''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSequence, :PeptideMolecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AminoAcidUnit ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ProteinSynthesis :en "protein synthesis" ; :enn "protein synthesis" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProteinSynthesis'' is a ''BiochemicalReaction'' that occurs in cells of all organisms in which ''ProteinMolecule''s are synthesized. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicalReaction, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protein ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProteinMolecule ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Protest :wnsense "protest1n", "protestation1n" ; :wordnet "protest", "protestation" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Protest'' is a ''Declaration'' (an AbstractOject) of objections, often produced by a ''Resisting'' action. This is a MentalObject that may have some corresponding document containing a corresponding text, and may be produced by one person or a group.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protest' in WordNet: 1. (11) protest, protestation - (a formal and solemn declaration of objection; 'they finished the game under protest to the league president'; 'the senator rose to register his protest'; 'the many protestations did not stay the execution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Declaration . :ProtestantDenomination :wnsense "Protestant denomination1n" ; :wordnet "Protestant denomination" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Protestant denomination' in WordNet: 1. (3) Protestant denomination - (group of Protestant congregations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousDenomination, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChristianGroup ] . :ProtestantPerson :guid "bf6764cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Protestant1n" ; :wordnet "Protestant" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who adhere to a faith in #$ProtestantReligion. The basic tenet of Protestantism is the non-mandatory role of the #$Priest as an intercessionary between a believer and #$GodOfAbrahamIsaacAndJacob, or between a believer and the proper interpretation of the holy texts (such as the #$Bible). As a divergence from #$Catholicism, Protestants generally believe in a school of Christianity that differs in some key respects. Among the chief differences are: #$CatholicPerson shows more devotion to #$Mary-MotherOfJesus, and has a belief in #$Transubstantiation -- the process whereby bread is turned into the body of #$JesusChrist). Some subclasses of #$ProtestantPerson view the latter as being of symbolic import only (e.g., #$AnglicanReligion), while followers of the #$Lutheran school believe in #$Transubstantiation as a transformation, but deny the necessary role of the #$Priest as an agent of this transformation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Protestant' in WordNet: 1. (15) Protestant - (an adherent of Protestantism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChristianPerson, :ReligiousPerson . :Protestantism :hasBeliever :Protestants ; :hasTopic :ThePopeIsNotGodsRepresentative ; :wnsense "protestantism1n" ; :wordnet "protestantism" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protestantism' in Wordnet: 1. (6) Protestantism - (the theological system of any of the churches of western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation) """ . :Protestants :believes :Protestantism ; :en "protestants" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ReligiousGroup . :ProtestingaPolicy :CYC "PublicProtesting" ; :guid "bd58cef7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dissent3n", "objection3n", "protest2n" ; :wordnet "dissent", "objection", "protest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProtestingaPolicy'' is a ''ResistingaPolicy' by performing some activity in a public place. For similar actions by a GroupOfPeople (an ''Assembly'') of at least three people use subtype ''DemonsratingForaPolicy''. CYC 'PublicProtesting': A specialization of #$PoliticalEvent in which one or more participants engage in instances of #$Objecting-CommunicationAct. Each instance of #$PublicProtesting is a public objection, by an individual or group, to some action or state of affairs. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'protest' in WordNet: WN noun 'protest': 2. (4) protest, objection, dissent - (the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalEvent, :ResistingaPolicy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Demonstrator ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protest ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Proton :guid "bd58814d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "proton1n" ; :wordnet "proton" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Nucleon. Each instance of #$Proton is a nucleon which has an #$ElectricalCharge of +1. NOTE: a Proton can be viewed as a subatomic particle, or as the positive ion of a Hydrogen atom. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proton' in Wordnet: 1. (4) proton - (a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cation, :ChargedParticle, :Nucleon . :Protoplasm :guid "6c485254-1512-11d6-8000-0050dab92c2f" ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Organism ; :wnsense "protoplasm1n" ; :wordnet "protoplasm" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A collective term for all of the stuff inside the cell wall of a cell, including membranes and plasmids: RHW: Biol. (no longer in technical use) the colloidal and liquid substance of which cells are formed, excluding horny, chitinous, and other structural material; the cytoplasm and nucleus. CYC: The living part of the cell within the plasma membrane. That within the nucleus is the #$Nucleoplasm, that without is the #$Cytoplasm. NOTE: in WN, this is not a subtype of 'BodySubstance' - why? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protoplasm' in WordNet: 1. (1) protoplasm, living substance - (the substance of a living cell (including cytoplasm and nucleus)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySubstance, :Mixture . :Prototherian :wnsense "prototherian1n" ; :wordnet "prototherian" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prototherian' in WordNet: 1. prototherian - (primitive oviparous mammals found only in Australia and Tasmania and New Guinea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mammal . :Prototype :wnsense "epitome1n", "image4n", "paradigm2n", "prototype1n" ; :wordnet "epitome", "image", "paradigm", "prototype" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Prototype''is a 'GoodExample' that has all or most of the most desirable characteristics of a thing, in a high degree or level of excellence - in essence, a 'model' that could not be much better. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'epitome' in WordNet: 1. (2) prototype, paradigm, epitome, image - (a standard or typical example; 'he is the prototype of good breeding'; 'he provided America with an image of the good father') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodExample . :Prototypical :en "iconic" ; :enadj "iconic" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Prototype ; :pertainsTo :Prototype ; :wnsense "archetypal1n", "archetypical1adj", "prototypal1adj", "prototypic1adj", "prototypical1adj" ; :wordnet "archetypal", "archetypical", "prototypal", "prototypic", "prototypical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prototypical' in Wordnet: 1. (1) archetypal, archetypical, prototypal, prototypic, prototypical - (representing or constituting an original type after which other similar things are patterned; 'archetypal patterns'; 'she was the prototypal student activist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, :Typical . :ProtozoalInfection :CYC "ProtozoanInfection" ; :guid "c10c3117-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "protozoal infection1n" ; :wordnet "protozoal infection" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProtozoalInfection'' CYC: 'ProtozoanInfection': A specialization of #$Infection. Each instance of #$ProtozoanInfection is an infection caused by protozoa (see the collection #$Protozoan). Notable specializations of #$ProtozoanInfection include #$Giardiasis and #$Malaria. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protozoal infection' in WordNet: 1. protozoal infection - (any infection caused by a protozoan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Infection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Protozoan ] . :Protozoan :guid "bd58a5e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "protozoan1n", "protozoon1n" ; :wordnet "protozoan", "protozoon" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Protozoan'' is a eukaryotic single-cell organism. . Includes the amoebae.. CYC: The collection of protozoa; a subcollection of #$SingleCellOrganism. Instances of #$Protozoan are also instances of #$EukaryoticCell. Subcollections include #$Amoeba and many others. Protozoa lack cell walls made of cellulose. Many protozoa are motile, using pseudopoda, cilia, or flagella to move. Some cause diseases in larger organisms. The class #$Protozoan is an instance of #$BiologicalSubkingdom in many classification systems, sometimes placed under the #$ProtistaKingdom. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protozoan' in WordNet: 1. (1) protozoan, protozoon - (any of diverse minute acellular or unicellular organisms usually nonphotosynthetic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EukaryoticCell, :SingleCellOrganism . :Protruding :wnsense "jut out1v", "jut1v", "project2v", "protrude1v", "stick out1v" ; :wordnet "jut", "jut out", "project", "protrude", "stick out" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protrude' in WordNet: 1. (7) stick out, protrude, jut out, jut, project - (extend out or project in space; 'His sharp nose jutted out'; 'A single rock sticks out from the cliff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExtendingOutward, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protrusion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :Protrusion :guid "c12ee1b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "boss5n", "bulge1n", "bump1n", "bump2n", "excrescence1n", "extrusion1n", "gibbosity1n", "gibbousness1n", "hump1n", "jut1n", "prominence3n", "protrusion1n", "protuberance1n" ; :wordnet "boss", "bulge", "bump", "excrescence", "extrusion", "gibbosity", "gibbousness", "hump", "jut", "prominence", "protrusion", "protuberance" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all outcroppings which stick out from other objects. Instances of this collection are all #$externalParts of some large object. Examples of subsets of this collection are #$Mountains and #$Tail-BodyParts. This includes things protruding part of Artifacts. I COSMO This is a Feature considered as a part of an Object, part of a comparatively flat surface ('flat' depending on scale or grain size), which is a relatively shallow protrusion outward (requiring that an in/out axis is recognized). Possible Usage: A 'Protrusion' and a 'bulge' are both a convex outward Features, but a 'Protrusion' might be considered as a more pronounced deviation from flatness than 'Bulge. As a rough guideline, if the height above the nominal surface is one half or less than the width of the convexity, it could be called a 'Bulge' rather than a 'Protrusion'. This usage needs to ' be determined from multiple examples before being formalized. For long and thin protrusions use ''Projection'' and its subtypes. Includes noun sense 1 of 'protrusion' and sense 5 of 'boss' in Wordnet: 1. bulge, bump, hump, gibbosity, gibbousness, jut, prominence, protuberance, protrusion, extrusion, excrescence - (something that bulges out or is protuberant or projects from its surroundings; 'the gun in his pocket made an obvious bulge'; 'the hump of a camel'; 'he stood on the rocky prominence'; 'the occipital protuberance was well developed'; 'the bony excrescence between its horns') WN noun 'boss': 5. knob, boss - (a circular rounded projection or protuberance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convexity, :PhysicalFeature, :PhysicalObject, :PhysicalPartOfObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protruding ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Proud :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Pride ; :isTheOppositeOf :Humble, :Shamed ; :ldoce "proud" ; :wnsense "proud1adj" ; :wordnet "proud" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing pride. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proud' in WordNet: 1. (14) proud - (feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride; 'proud parents'; 'proud of his accomplishments'; 'a proud moment'; 'proud to serve his country'; 'a proud name'; 'proud princes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Happy . :Proudly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Proud ; :wnsense "proudly1adv", "with pride1adv" ; :wordnet "proudly", "with pride" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Proudly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'proudly' in Wordnet: 1. (4) proudly, with pride - (in a proud manner; 'he walked proudly into town') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :ProvablyFalse :en "not credible", "provably false" ; :wnsense "unbelievable2adj" ; :wordnet "unbelievable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ProvablyFalse is a level of credibility that applies to an assertion that is contradicted by convincing strong evidence or well-established principles. Having a Probability less than 0.01. Corresponds to adjective senses 2 of 'unbelievable' in WOrdNet: 2. improbable, unbelievable, unconvincing, unlikely - (having a probability too low to inspire belief) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProbablyFalse . :Proven :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :Hypothesis, :Theory ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Proving ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unproven ; :wnsense "proved1adj", "proven1adj", "verified1adj" ; :wordnet "proved", "proven", "verified" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Proven'' is the attribute of an Assertion that is the *object (*patient) of a ''Proving'' action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'proven' and sense 2 of 'verified' in WordNet: 1. proved, proven - (established beyond doubt; 'a proven liar'; 'a Soviet leader of proven shrewdness') WN adjective 'verified': 2. verified - (proved to be true; 'a verified claim') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Confirmed . :Provenance :wnsense "birthplace2n", "cradle2n", "place of origin1n", "provenance1n", "provenience1n" ; :wordnet "birthplace", "cradle", "place of origin", "provenance", "provenience" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Provenance'' can be any Object or Location including people or Organizations where something was created or came into existence. This has some overlap with ''PlaceOfOrigin'' but this includes MentalObjects which can arise from mental Events. Root of 'PROVO' ontology elements \"provo\". Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'provenance' in WordNet: 1. (1) birthplace, cradle, place of origin, provenance, provenience - (where something originated or was nurtured in its early existence; the birthplace of civilization') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation . :Proverb :en "old saw" ; :enn "old saw" ; :guid "aa9f1ea2-3194-41d8-84f5-a5962e439b55" ; :wnsense "adage1n", "byword1n", "proverb1n", "saw1n" ; :wordnet "adage", "byword", "proverb", "saw" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Proverb'' is an ''Expression'' that is believed by some community of people to convey some 'wisdom' gained by experience and worth remembering. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proverb' in WordNet: 1. (3) proverb, adage, saw, byword - (a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wisdom ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belief ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialGroup ; owl:onProperty :isKnownBy ] . :Provided :en "provided", "provided that", "providing", "providing that" ; a :Conjunction ; rdfs:comment """''Provided'' is a conjunction introducing a phrase that expresses a condition on the truth of the assertion before the conjunction. This requires a computational procedure to properly interpret sentences containing this conjunction. RHW: on the condition or understanding (that); providing: I'll go provided that the others go, too. - Usage. The conjunctions PROVIDED and PROVIDING are interchangeable. Both mean 'on the condition or understanding that,' with that sometimes expressed: Provided (or Providing) no further objections are raised, we will consider the matter settled. """ . :Providential :perceivingCausesMentalEvent :Surprise ; :wnsense "heaven-sent1adj", "miraculous2adj", "providential1adj" ; :wordnet "heaven-sent", "miraculous", "providential" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'providential' in Wordnet: 1. (1) heaven-sent, providential, miraculous - (peculiarly fortunate or appropriate; as if by divine intervention; 'a heaven-sent rain saved the crops'; 'a providential recovery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unexpected . :Provider :wnsense "provider2n" ; :wordnet "provider" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Provider'' is a ''Benefactor'' who helps another agent by providing some good or services, or financial assistance.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'provider' in WordNet: 2. provider - (someone who provides the means for subsistence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefactor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ProvidingMonetarySupport :RaisingChildren :ActionType ) ] ] . :Providing :eng "furnishing", "providing", "supplying" ; :ldoce "furnish", "provide", "provision", "supply" ; :wnsense "accommodate3v", "furnish1v", "ply1v", "provide1v", "provision2n", "render10v", "supply1v" ; :wordnet "accommodate", "furnish", "ply", "provide", "provision", "render", "supply" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Providing' (synonyms: supplying, furnishing) is a very general Action in which an IntelligentAgent gives (physically or in an abstract sense) something useful to someone or to something else. Subtypes such as ''ProvidingEmegencyRelief'' can be much more specific. The more specialized 'Giving' to another IntelligentAgent is a subtype of this sense. This is broad and includes notions such as 'furnishing' a room with decorations or accessories as well as actual transfers of objects. It is classified as a ServiceEvent because it is performed for the purpose of benefitting some agent, even if the Agent is the person performing the Providing. This includes giving temporarily (lending), as well as giving a gift with no obligation to reciprocate. This is not necessarily a transfer of possession, but can be a metaphorical type of 'giving' such as giving a name to a person, assigning a value to a variable (but only when done directly by a person), assigning a person to a task or a position, 'providing' a job to a person, giving a right to someone or giving information to someone. Instances of a Providing are required by the constraints to specify the agent doing the Providing, the thing provides, and the agent or object that received the thing was given. This is not necessarily a physical 'transfer' because the thing 'given' (such as a name) may not actually exist until it is given, and may not in any sense 'move' from one place to another. the abstract senses of 'giving, providing' that are instances of this type but not instances of the subtype 'GivingEvent' include: giving information providing access giving a name to someone (use 'AssigningEvent') assigning a value to a variable furnishing an object or space with physical objects (furnishing a room with decorations or furniture) providing entertainment giving someone trouble Includes verb senses 1 of 'furnish', sense 1 of'provide' and sense 1 of 'supply' and sense 2 of 'give' and sense 2 of 'afford' and noun sense 2 of 'provision' in WordNet: 1. (28) supply, provide, render, furnish - (provide or furnish with; 'We provided the room with an electrical heater') WN verb 'accommodate': 3. (3) accommodate - (provide with something desired or needed; 'Can you accommodate me with a rental car?') WN 'provision': 2. (4) provision, supply, supplying - (the activity of supplying or providing something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :GeneralizedTransfer, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericAgent :SubstanceType :AgentType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :ObjectType ) ] ] . :ProvidingClothing :wnsense "apparel1v", "clothe1v", "enclothe1v", "fit out2v", "garment1v", "habilitate2v" ; :wordnet "apparel", "clothe", "enclothe", "fit out", "garment", "habilitate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProvidingClothing'' is the transfer of ''Clothing'' to others. This is one of the duties of parents to their children, but also can be performed by charitable organizations or as emergency relief in the case of major natural disasters or shipwrecks or other cases where people no longer have access to their own belongings. A specialized case would be prviding a costume, for example for a play or movie. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'clothe' (ro provide clothing, not to actually dress a Person as a parent would a young child) in WordNet: 1. (4) dress, clothe, enclothe, garb, raiment, tog, garment, habilitate, fit out, apparel - (provide with clothes or put clothes on; 'Parents must feed and dress their child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingAnAgent, :ProvidingMaterialSupport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothing ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :ProvidingComfort a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProvidingComfort'' is a ''GivingEvent'' in which the thing given is 'comfort', mental or physical; the two types mental/physical are subtype of this type. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 1. (4) comfort, soothe, console, solace - (give moral or emotional strength to) 2. (1) comfort, ease - (lessen pain or discomfort; alleviate; \"ease the pain in your legs\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comfort ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :ProvidingEmergencyRelief :en "diaster relief", "emergency aid", "emergency assistance", "emergency relief" ; :eng "relieving" ; :wnsense "relief5n", "relieve5v", "succor1n", "succor1v", "succour1n", "succour1v" ; :wordnet "relief", "relieve", "succor", "succour" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProvidingEmergencyRelief'' is the transfer of goods or services to some Person or People to help alleviate the damage caused by a disaster. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'relieve' and noun sense 5 of 'relief' in WordNet: 5. (1) salvage, salve, relieve, save - (save from ruin, destruction, or harm) WN noun 'relief': 5. (3) relief, succor, succour, ministration - (assistance in time of difficulty; 'the contributions provided some relief for the victims') WN verb 'succor': 1. succor, succour - (help in a difficult situation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingAnAgent, :HighPriorityTask, :ProvidingMaterialSupport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericAgent ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Disaster ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelievingSuffering ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Base ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreparedFood ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organization ; owl:onProperty :hadGiver ] . :ProvidingEvidence :en "attest to", "give evidence", "give evidence for", "provide evidence", "provide evidence for" ; :wnsense "attest1", "evidence1v", "evidence2v", "evidence3v", "manifest1v", "show3v", "testify2v" ; :wordnet "attest", "evidence", "manifest", "show", "testify" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProvidingEvidence''is a ''ConveyingInformation'' in which the information conveyed (by any means) provides ''Evidence'' that has some 'probatory value' for assertions of fact. The 'affected object' that is the information conveyed is ''Evidence'' For ''ProvidingEvidence'' indirectly by behavior (intentionally or unintentionally) rather than by intentionally informing someone,use the subtype ''Manifesting'' Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'evidence' in WordNet: 1. (10) attest, certify, manifest, demonstrate, evidence - (provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes; 'His high fever attested to his illness'; 'The buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication'; 'This decision demonstrates his sense of fairness') 2. (3) testify, bear witness, prove, evidence, show - (provide evidence for; 'The blood test showed that he was the father'; 'Her behavior testified to her incompetence') 3. (1) tell, evidence - (give evidence; 'he was telling on all his former colleague') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConveyingInformation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Evidence ] . :ProvidingMaterialSupport :ldoce "support" ; :wnsense "support1n", "support2v" ; :wordnet "support" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of providing something of monetary value (money, in-kind objects, a place to live) to some living thing, which could be an animal. This is a very general sense, but does not include giving psychological support or supporting someone's arguments; that is ''SupportingaCauseOrParty''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 and part of noun sense 1 of 'support' in WordNet (moral or psychological support is not included): in WordNet: WN verb 'support' 2. (16) support - (support materially or financially; 'he does not support his natural children'; 'The scholarship supported me when I was in college') WN noun 'support': 1. (15) support - (the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities; 'his support kept the family together'; 'they gave him emotional support during difficult times') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :GivingEvent, :Providing, :ShowingSupportForSomething . :ProvidingMentalComfort :en "comforting", "consoling" ; :wnsense "comfort1v", "console1v", "solace1v", "soothe1v" ; :wordnet "comfort", "console", "solace", "soothe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProvidingMentalComfort'' is a ''ProvidingComfort'' in which the thing given is ''MentalComfort''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 1. (4) comfort, soothe, console, solace - (give moral or emotional strength to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProvidingComfort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MentalComfort ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :ProvidingMonetarySupport :ldoce "support" ; :wnsense "support1n", "support2v" ; :wordnet "support" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ProvidingMonetarySupport'' is the Action of giving some amount of money to help a Person or cause. This differs from the parent in that it is specifically money that is given, not in-kind support (providing services or materials) Corresponds to *part* of verb sense 2 and part of noun sense 1 of 'support' in WordNet (moral or psychological support is not included): in WordNet: WN verb 'support' 2. (16) support - (support materially or financially; 'he does not support his natural children'; 'The scholarship supported me when I was in college') WN noun 'support': 1. (15) support - (the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities; 'his support kept the family together'; 'they gave him emotional support during difficult times') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingAnAgent, :ProvidingMaterialSupport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :ProvidingPhysicalComfort :wnsense "comfort2v" ; :wordnet "comfort" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ProvidingPhysicalComfort'' is a ''ProvidingComfort'' in which the thing given is 'comfort', mental or physical; the two types mental/physical are subtype of this type. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'comfort' in WordNet: 2. (1) comfort, ease - (lessen pain or discomfort; alleviate; \"ease the pain in your legs\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProvidingComfort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalComfort ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Province :wnsense "province1n" ; :wordnet "province" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Province'' is a major geopolitical subdivision of a country other than a ''USA_State''. State of the United States of America. As a GeopoliticalEntity this is both an agent and a GenericLocation. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'province' in WordNet: 1. (4) state, province - (the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; 'his state is in the deep south') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StateOrProvince, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPrimarySubdivisionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Country ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ] . :Proving :eng "proving" ; :ldoce "prove" ; :wnsense "demonstrate2v", "proof6n", "prove2v", "prove4v" ; :wordnet "demonstrate", "proof", "prove" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A form of 'Reasoning' in which an IntelligentAgent demonstrates that an Assertion is true (within some system of axioms, formal or informal, explicit or assumed) by a series of one or more deductive steps using an accepted proof method (such as FOL), that lead from accepted premises (including accepted experimental observations) to the assertion that is at issue. This is only for the reasoning process; experimental observations that are used in proving some hypothesis are not included in this type. To be an instance of this type, the Reasoning should be valid within the system of axioms and assumptions used.. \"validity\"? Includes sense 2 and 4 of 'prove' in Wordnet: 2. (48) prove, demonstrate, establish, show, shew - (establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; 'The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound'; 'The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture') 4. (4) prove - (prove formally; demonstrate by a mathematical, formal proof) WN 'proof': 6. validation, proof, substantiation - (the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inferring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proof ] . :Provisional :isTheOppositeOf :Permanent ; :wnsense "probationary1adj", "provisional1adj", "provisionary1adj", "tentative1adj" ; :wordnet "probationary", "provisional", "provisionary", "tentative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Provisional'' is an AttributeValue of some Object in a Role that has that Role at the time indicated, but may or may not retain that Role for the longer term that is usual, depending on unspecified conditions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'provisional' in Wordnet: 1. (3) probationary, provisional, provisionary, tentative - (under terms not final or fully worked out or agreed upon; 'probationary employees'; 'a provisional government'; 'just a tentative schedule') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Provisions :ldoce "provisions" ; :wnsense "provisions1n" ; :wordnet "provisions" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of FoodObjects, laid aside as a supply for use at some future time. 'provisions' is also used for supplies other than food, as for a journey, but that sense is not in WordNet, and can be represented as 'Supply' unless a more specific sense is needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'provisions' in WordNet: 1. (1) commissariat, provisions, provender, viands, victuals - (a stock or supply of foods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, :Supply, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ] . :Proviso :ldoce "condition", "provision" ; :wnsense "condition3n", "precondition1n", "provision1n", "proviso1n", "stipulation2n", "term3n" ; :wordnet "condition", "precondition", "provision", "proviso", "stipulation", "term" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LinguisticAssertion (which may be a combination of Assertions) that is part of the content of a proposed Agreement, which, if the Agreement is made, creates an Obligation on the part of one or more of the parties to the Agreement. This kind of LinguisticAssertion can be referred to as a 'provision', 'term', 'stipulation', or a 'condition' for the Agreement to be accepted and valid. This type corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'provision' in RHW, bt applies to any potential agreement, not just a legal instrument: 1. a clause in a legal instrument, a law, etc., providing for a particular matter; stipulation; proviso. Corresponds to the intersection of noun senses 1 of 'provision', 2 of 'stipulation', 3 and 4 of 'condition', 1 of precondition', 3 of 'term' and 1 of 'proviso', in WordNet: 1. (27) provision, proviso - (a stipulated condition; 'he accepted subject to one provision') WN 'condition': 3. (117) condition, precondition, stipulation - (an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else) WN 'term' 3. (113) condition, term - ((usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement; 'the contract set out the conditions of the lease'; 'the terms of the treaty were generous') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :StipulationCondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Specification ] . :Provocation :wnsense "aggravation2n", "irritation6n", "provocation1n", "provoke4v" ; :wordnet "aggravation", "irritation", "provocation", "provoke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Provocation'' is an ''AggressiveAction'' sufficient to make the affected person feel ''Provoked''. NOTE: WN sense 4 of 'provoke' includes 'harrass' which is too strong for this type, which may be of minor consequence. This includes only part of sense 4. RHW 'provoke': 1. to anger, enrage, exasperate, or vex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'provocation' in WordNet: 1. (1) aggravation, irritation, provocation - (unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AggressiveAction . :Provocative :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ArousingAnEmotion, :ProvokingAnAction, :StimulatingaPersonToAction ; :wnsense "provocative1adj" ; :wordnet "provocative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'provocative' in Wordnet: 1. (1) provocative - (serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; stimulating discussion or exciting controversy; 'a provocative remark'; 'a provocative smile'; 'provocative Irish tunes which...compel the hearers to dance'- Anthony Trollope) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Provoked :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Anger ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Provocation ; :wnsense "aggravated2adj", "provoked1adj" ; :wordnet "aggravated", "provoked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an animal experiencing a strong Annoyance or anger due to the action of another Person. \"Provocation\" Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'aggravated' in Wordnet: 2. aggravated, provoked - (incited, especially deliberately, to anger; 'aggravated by passive resistance'; 'the provoked animal attacked the child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoyed . :ProvokingAnAction :wnsense "arouse1v", "elicit1v", "provoke1v", "provoke3v", "stimulate7v" ; :wordnet "arouse", "elicit", "provoke", "stimulate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ProvokingAnAction is an Event in which some Person is induced or tempted to take some action, as a result of and in reaction to the action of another Agent (which could be an animal). The Persn may not actually perform the Action; if the Person follows through and performs the Action indiced, that would be an instance of 'elicit a reponse' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'arouse' and verb senses 1 and 3 of 'provoke' in WordNet: WN 'arouse': 1. (14) arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, evoke, fire, raise, provoke - (call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); 'arouse pity'; 'raise a smile'; 'evoke sympathy') WN 'provoke': 3. (3) provoke, stimulate - (provide the needed stimulus for) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StimulatingaPersonToAction . :Prowess a :ActionType, :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prowess' in WordNet: 1. (3) art, artistry, prowess - (a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation; 'the art of conversation'; 'it's quite an art') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SuperiorSkill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Studying :Observing :Practicing :LearningHowToDoSomething ) ] ] . :Proximalization :en "proximalization" ; :enn "proximalization" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Proximalization'' is a ''Skill'' involving methods of coordinating muscle movements in the arm and hands, learned by American Sign Language learners from a young age. Online: Proximalization in sign language Signing activates a series of joints along the arm and hand from the shoulder and elbow to the wrist and knuckles. As infants learn to control joints of the arm, they acquire a new motor skill starting from the shoulder to the elbow and down to the details from wrist to knuckles of fingers over a period of time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmMovement, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SignLanguageGesturing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Proximity :ldoce "within" ; :takesValue :QuantitativeAttributeValue ; :wnsense "proximity1n", "proximity2n" ; :wordnet "proximity" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :Group, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Proximity'' is a complex form of AttributeValue (should be an Attribute?) that is also an ''AttributeTypeType'' and a ''Quality'': @ToDo: This needs more work with examples. As of rev1463 this is a mixture of differentiable concepts. Each 'Proximity' specifies the maximum 'distance ' by some unit of measure that one entity is from another. This is very broad, and can be used to express notions such as 'x is within ten miles of y' or 'x is within an hour of reaching y' or 'the explosions were less than five minutes apart' or 'Jack's IQ is within five points of Jill's' or 'the DOW is within five points of its all-time high'; the kinds of things related are limited only by how one might relate things in a quantitative fashion. This expresses the generic notion of 'distance', whether abstract or physical. This type requires two specific relations to create an instance: (1) 'hasMaximumDistance' points to some QuantitativeAttributeValue (Quantifier and UnitOfMeasure) that describes the maximum 'distance' in any units, not just spatial; and (2) 'hasProximateEntity' points to an entity of any type that the subject of the relation is 'distant' from, in any quantitative attribute, at a maximum value specified by the 'hasMaximumDistance' relation. NOTE that the relation 'isNearTo' can be used to express vague terms of physical nearness, but this type and its associated relations are required to express not just nearness, and not just physical proximity,but distance in any measurable dimension. This type is structured as a Group, and the intention is that the First element is that pointed to by the 'hasMaximumDistance' relation, and the second element is pointed to by the 'hasProximateEntity' relation. Linguistically, a ternary relation equivalent would be structured as (using ESKIF notation) {?X isWthin ?D of ?Y} to mean that ?X is within ?D (measure in some units) of ?Y by some quantitative mesaure. IN WordNet the word 'proximity' is used only to express spatial nearness, and this more general notion is not close enough for mapping; the nearest English term is 'within' as used in '?X is within ?Y of ?Z' where ?Y is a quantitative measure. Although this concept does not require that the entities related are 'near' in any formal sense - the quantitative distance is not restricted - the relation will tpyicall be used, as is the expression 'within ?Measure of ?Entity' when the entities being related are in some sense 'near' on that measure dimension. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'proximity' in Wordnet: 1. (1) proximity, propinquity - (the property of being close together) 2. proximity - (the region close around a person or thing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDistance ; owl:someValuesFrom :QuantitativeAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasProximateEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Proxy :wnsense "placeholder1n", "procurator1n", "proxy1n" ; :wordnet "placeholder", "procurator", "proxy" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Proxy'' is an ''Agent'' who is authorized by some ''Person'' with legal right to perform some Action (such as voting in some forum), to perform that Action in place of the Person with that right. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'proxy' in WordNet: 1. proxy, placeholder, procurator - (a person authorized to act for another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Artist-Performer ; owl:onProperty :wasaSubstituteFor ] . :Prudent :wnsense "prudent1adj" ; :wordnet "prudent" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'prudent' in WordNet: 1. prudent - (careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment; 'a prudent manager'; 'prudent rulers'; 'prudent hesitation'; 'more prudent to hide than to fight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cautious, :Wise . :Prune :guid "bd58e92d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prune1n" ; :wordnet "prune" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A dried plum. The collection of individual prunes. #$Prune is to (#$FruitFn #$PlumTree) as #$Raisin is to (#$FruitFn #$GrapeVine). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'prune' in Wordnet: 1. prune - (dried plum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, :Plum, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plum ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Prunes :wnsense "prune1n" ; :wordnet "prunes" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The food derived from the 'Prune' or prunes collectively, considered as a substance. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'prune' in Wordnet, as WordNet synsets include the plural: in WordNet: 1. prune - (dried plum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prune ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plum ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :PruningaPlant :CYC "Pruning" ; :eng "pruning" ; :guid "bd58c61a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crop6v", "cut back3v", "dress11v", "lop2v", "prune1v", "snip2v", "trim7v" ; :wordnet "crop", "cut back", "dress", "lop", "prune", "snip", "trim" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PruningaPlant'' is a ''ThinningOutaGroup'' where the Group is the branches of some plant - usually a Bush or Tree. The actual number of branches may be the same, but the total density of plant material becomes lower, so this is a 'Thinning' Action as well as a ''Shortening'' of the legth of some branches, and a ''CuttingSomething'' as subevent (or as cause?). CYC 'Pruning': Cutting off branches from a tree or bush in order to improve the shape, growth, or production of flowers and/or fruit. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'prune' in WordNet: 1. snip, clip, crop, trim, lop, dress, prune, cut back - (cultivate, tend, and cut back the growth of; 'dress the plants in the garden') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorActivity, :Shortening, :TakingCareOfSomething, :ThinningOutaGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :PryingAction :en "nose around", "poke around" ; :env "nose around", "poke around" ; :wnsense "horn in1v", "intrude3v", "nose1v", "poke2v", "pry1v" ; :wordnet "horn in", "intrude", "nose", "poke", "pry" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PryingAction'' is an ''HumanActivity'' in which a Person looks, investigates, or searches into the space or Activity of other(s) for some personal (not part of a job) purpose, in a manner other than by just asking the Person about her/his activities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pry' in WordNet: 3. (1) intrude, horn in, pry, nose, poke - (search or inquire in a meddlesome way; 'This guy is always nosing around the office') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intruder ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwelcome ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pseudoscience :wnsense "pseudoscience1n" ; :wordnet "pseudoscience" ; a :BeliefType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Pseudoscience' is a Belief that is claimed to be 'scientific' and based on fact,but is actually based only on supposition, unrpoven assertions, and ''ErroneousReasoning''. NOTE that this is classified here as a ''belief'' though in WN it is considered as an 'activity'. If one wants to represent pursuit of information by pseudoscientific methods, that would be another type under ''ErroneousAction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pseudoscience' in WordNet: 1. pseudoscience - (an activity resembling science but based on fallacious assumptions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeliefSystem, :Fallacy ; owl:disjointWith :Knowledge, :Science . :Pshaw :en "pshaw" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pshaw'' is a suddenly emitted word expressing disbelief. RHW: interjection 'pshaw': 1. (used to express impatience, contempt, disbelief, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Doubt ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Psychedelic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Hallucinogen ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :HallucinationState ; :wnsense "psychedelic1adj" ; :wordnet "psychedelic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Psychedelic'' is an attribute of Substances that can induce ''Hallucination''s and/or a ''HallucinationState'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'psychedelic' in Wordnet: 1. psychedelic - (producing distorted sensory perceptions and feelings or altered states of awareness or sometimes states resembling psychosis; 'psychedelic drugs like psilocybin and mescaline') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Psychiatric :pertainsTo :Psychiatry ; :wnsense "psychiatric1adj", "psychiatrical1adj" ; :wordnet "psychiatric", "psychiatrical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Psychiatric'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Psychiatry'' and related processes and therapies. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'psychiatric' in Wordnet: 1. (1) psychiatric, psychiatrical - (relating to or used in or engaged in the practice of psychiatry; 'psychiatric disorder'; 'psychiatric hospital') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Psychiatrist :guid "bd58b441-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "head-shrinker1n", "psychiatrist1n", "shrink1n" ; :wordnet "head-shrinker", "psychiatrist", "shrink" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Psychiatrists are doctors who diagnose and treat mental disorders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychiatrist' in WordNet: 1. (4) psychiatrist, head-shrinker, shrink - (a physician who specializes in psychiatry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Psychiatry ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MentalIllness ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Psychiatry :wnsense "psychiatry1n", "psychological medicine1n", "psychopathology2n" ; :wordnet "psychiatry", "psychological medicine", "psychopathology" ; a :OccupationType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Psychiatry'' is the branch of ''Medicine'' concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of ''MentalIllness'', i.e. disorders of mental functions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychiatry' in WordNet: 1. psychiatry, psychopathology, psychological medicine - (the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine, :Neurology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrainDisease ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MentalIllness ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Psychic :wnsense "psychic1n" ; :wordnet "psychic" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Psychic'' is a Person who can actually read the minds of others and/or perceive things not perceptible with normal human senses or known physical phemomena. This is not for people who *claim* to be psychic in our RealWorld (see ''PsychicPractitioner''). Insofar as no convincing evidence for such ability is on record, this type of person is classified as 'mythical'. If good evidence is found, that parent category can be removed. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'psychic' (for the hypothetical instance of people with true ''Psychical'' powers) in WordNet: 1. psychic - (a person apparently sensitive to things beyond the natural range of perception) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagicalPerson, :MythicalThing, :Occultist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Psychical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PsychicAbility :en "psychic ability", "psychic power" ; :enn "psychic ability", "psychic power" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PsychicAbility'' is an ''AbilityToPerformMagic'' in which the 'magic' is the ability to perceive thoughts or future events only with the mind, not using physical means, or to make things happen using only the mind. This ability is claimed by ''PschicPractitioner''s and is held (in ''Hypothetical'' or ''Fictional'' contexts) by a ''Psychic''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbilityToPerformMagic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagicAction ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Psychical ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :PsychicCommunication :en "psychic communication" ; :enn "psychic communication" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PsychicCommunication'' is a Communication that involves the transfer of information via a the mind, or perception of the thoughts of others only using the Mind. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communication, :PsychicAbility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Psychic ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Psychical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PsychicPractitioner :wnsense "psychic1n" ; :wordnet "psychic" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PsychicPractitioner'' is a Person who claims to have ''Psychical'' powers such as predicting a Person's future or reading minds. Such Persons may perfor actions they claim are psychical, for a fee. Some have signs labeled 'Psychic' or advertise themselves as such. NOTE that as a subtype of ''MagicalPerson'' this type nominally includes both people with no real ''Psychical'' powers, as well as real psychics, but this type should be used for the practitioners who merely *claim* psychic powers, and the type ''Psychic'' should be used to refer to those who actually have ''Psychical'' powers, when discussing such people in hypothetical or fictional contexts. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'psychic' (for the hypothetical instance of people with true ''Psychical'' powers) in WordNet: 1. psychic - (a person apparently sensitive to things beyond the natural range of perception) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occultist . :Psychical :wnsense "psychic2adj", "psychical1adj" ; :wordnet "psychic", "psychical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Psychical'' is an attribute of phenomena in which the human ''Mind'' performs actions that are not explainable by normal laws of physics (such as extrasensory perception and mental telepathy), and of people who exhibit such powers. This is as of 2020 still a ''Mythical'' thing, as no convincing evidence has been put forward to demonstrate that such powers exist. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'psychical' in Wordnet: 2. psychic, psychical - (outside the sphere of physical science; 'psychic phenomena') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mythical . :PsychoactiveAgent :en "psychoactive agent" ; :enn "psychoactive agent" ; :guid "bdb88293-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "psychotropic agent1n" ; :wordnet "psychotropic agent" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all substances which, in sufficient doses, can cause hallucinations, euphoia, delirium, hyperalertness, drowsiness, or other mental effects. Many such substances are used recreationally and many of them are banned from recreational use in various juristictions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychotropic agent' in WordNet: 1. psychotropic agent - (a chemical substance that can influence human consciousness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :ToxicSubstance . :Psychoanalysis :wnsense "analysis6n", "depth psychology1n", "psychoanalysis1n" ; :wordnet "analysis", "depth psychology", "psychoanalysis" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychoanalysis' in WordNet: 1. psychoanalysis, analysis, depth psychology - (a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; based on the theories of Sigmund Freud; 'his physician recommended psychoanalysis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TherapeuticProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Psychoanalyst ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Psychoanalyst :guid "bd5ece79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "analyst3n", "psychoanalyst1n" ; :wordnet "analyst", "psychoanalyst" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Psychoanalyst'' in WN is a ''Psychiatrist'' but a ''Psychiatrist'' is a type of medical doctor, and a ''Psychoanalyst'' does not have to be an MD. CYC has the parent as ''Psychologist'' and this type conforms to that hierarchy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychoanalyst' in WordNet: 1. analyst, psychoanalyst - (a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareProfessional, :Psychologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Psychoanalysis ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Psychological :contrastsWith :Bodily ; :pertainsTo :Psychology ; :wnsense "psychological1adj", "psychological2adj" ; :wordnet "psychological" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Psychological' is a specialization of the AttributeValue 'Mental', in relating mostly to feelings and motivations (see sense 3 of Random House Webster). For other aspects of the mind, the more general 'Mental' can be used, for phenomena such as perception, reasoning, or other functions of the mind that do not directly engage the emotions. From RHW: 1. of or pertaining to psychology. 2. pertaining to the mind or to mental phenomena as the subject matter of psychology. 3. of, pertaining to, dealing with, or affecting the mind, esp. as a function of awareness, feeling, or motivation: psychological play; psychological effect. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'psychological' in WordNet: 1. (6) psychological - (mental or emotional as opposed to physical in nature; 'give psychological support'; 'psychological warfare') 2. (2) psychological - (of or relating to or determined by psychology; 'psychological theories') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mental . :PsychologicalAilment :guid "c0fd5b68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mental disorder1n", "mental disturbance1n", "psychological disorder1n" ; :wordnet "mental disorder", "mental disturbance", "psychological disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of ailments that are classified as psychological due to their origin and/or manifestation in the mind of the sufferer rather than (or at least in addition to, and perhaps causing) manifestations in the sufferer's body. Having a brain tumor is not an instance of this collection, but imagining that you have one is an instance of #$PsychologicalAilment , and so is the deep case of depression you fall into once you believe (rightly or wrongly) that you have a brain tumor. Some subcollections of this collection are the collections #$Phobia, #$Depression-PsychologicalCondition, and #$PanicAttack. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mental disorder' in WordNet: 1. mental disorder, mental disturbance, disturbance, psychological disorder, folie - ((psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalIllness . :PsychologicalAttribute a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Attributes that characterize the mental or behavioral life of an Animal.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :PsychologicalDevastation :wnsense "devastate2v" ; :wordnet "devastate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PsychologicalDevastation'' is a ''DestructionEvent'' in which the thing destroyed is a Person's Feeling of well-being or confidence or happiness. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'devastate' in WordNet: 2. devastate - (overwhelm or overpower; 'He was devastated by his grief when his son died') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DestructionEvent, :OverwhelmingEmotionally . :PsychologicalProcess :isaSynonymOf :MentalEvent ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The SUMO term approximately equivalent to Cyc 'AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Psychologically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Psychological ; :wnsense "psychologically1adv", "psychologically2adv" ; :wordnet "psychologically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'psychologically' in Wordnet: 1. (1) psychologically - (with regard to psychology; 'war that caught them in its toils either psychologically or physically'; 'the event was very damaging to the child psychologically') 2. psychologically - (in terms of psychology; 'classify poetry psychologically') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :PsychologicallyWarm :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Friendliness ; :wnsense "warm2adj" ; :wordnet "warm" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'warm' in Wordnet: 2. (8) warm - (psychologically warm; friendly and responsive; 'a warm greeting'; 'a warm personality'; 'warm support') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friendly . :Psychologist :wnsense "psychologist1n" ; :wordnet "psychologist" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychologist' in WordNet: 1. (16) psychologist - (a scientist trained in psychology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Professional-Adult, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Psychology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Psychology :wnsense "psychology1n" ; :wordnet "psychology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The branch of Medicine dealing with mental processes, particularly as relating to behavior and therefore to emotions. From RHW: 1. the science of the mind or of mental states and processes. 2. the science of human and animal behavior. 3. the sum or characteristics of the mental states and processes of a person or class of persons, or of the mental states and processes involved in a field of activity: the psychology of a soldier; the psychology of politics. 4. mental ploys or strategy: He used psychology on his parents to get a larger allowance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychology' in Wordnet: 1. (5) psychology, psychological science - (the science of mental life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Medicine . :Psychosis :wnsense "psychosis1n" ; :wordnet "psychosis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychosis' in WordNet: 1. psychosis - (any severe mental disorder in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychologicalAilment . :Psychosocial :en "psychosocial" ; :enadj "psychosocial" ; :pertainsTo :Psychology ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Psychosocial'' is the attribute of things that involve both psychology and social interactions. No WN sense for this concept. RHW 'psychosocial': of or pertaining to the interaction between social and psychological factors. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mental . :Psychotherapy :wnsense "mental hygiene1n", "psychotherapeutics1n", "psychotherapy1n" ; :wordnet "mental hygiene", "psychotherapeutics", "psychotherapy" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychotherapy' in WordNet: 1. (2) psychotherapy, psychotherapeutics, mental hygiene - (the branch of psychiatry concerned with psychological methods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TherapeuticProcess . :Psychotic :isAnAttributeValueOf :PsychoticPerson ; :wnsense "psychotic1adj" ; :wordnet "psychotic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'psychotic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) psychotic - (characteristic of or suffering from psychosis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentallyIll . :PsychoticPerson :wnsense "psycho1n", "psychotic person1n", "psychotic1n" ; :wordnet "psycho", "psychotic", "psychotic person" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PsychoticPerson'' .is someone who is ''Psychotic'', i.e. suffers from a ''Psychosis'', i.e. is severely ''MentallyIll''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'psychotic person' in WordNet: 1. psychotic, psychotic person, psycho - (a person afflicted with psychosis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Psychosis ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :Psychosis ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Psychotic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PterophytinaSubdivision :guid "bd58ea21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A #$BiologicalSubdivision including ferns and seed plants." ; rdfs:subClassOf :TracheophytaDivision . :Pub :wnsense "pothouse1n", "pub1n", "public house1n", "saloon2n", "taphouse1n" ; :wordnet "pothouse", "pub", "public house", "saloon", "taphouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The differene between a ''Pub'' and the parent ''Barroom'' is vague. The biggest difference seems to be that the term 'pub' is used primarily in Great Britain. For COSMO the given synset will apply only to British taverns. (Unless a different distinction is suggested0 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pub' in WordNet: 1. public house, pub, saloon, pothouse, gin mill, taphouse - (tavern consisting of a building with a bar and public rooms; often provides light meals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Barroom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GreatBritain ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Puberty :guid "c10c2531-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "puberty1n", "pubescence1n" ; :wordnet "puberty", "pubescence" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Puberty'' is the ''LifeSage'' at which an animal's sex organs can function to reproduce more organisms. The term 'puberty' is used mostly for humans, and this type is restricted to Humans. If needed, it can be broadened and a subtype added.. CYC: The stage of physical development in which humans become sexually mature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puberty' in WordNet: 1. puberty, pubescence - (the time of life when sex glands become functional) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PubescentHuman ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Pubescent :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Animal ; :wnsense "pubescent1adj" ; :wordnet "pubescent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pubescent'' is the Attribute of an ''Animal'' (usually a ''Person'') who is going through ''Puberty''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pubescent' in Wordnet: 1. (3) pubescent - ((of animals especially human beings) having arrived at the onset of puberty (the age at which sex glands become functional) but not yet fully mature; 'the budding breasts of a pubescent girl and the downy chin of pubescent boy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pubescent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Adult, :Mature . :PubescentHuman :en "pubescent person" ; :guid "c11c924c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of people who are going through #$Puberty. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanYouth, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pubescent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pubis :wnsense "os pubis1n", "pubic bone1n", "pubis1n" ; :wordnet "os pubis", "pubic bone", "pubis" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: that part of either innominate bone that, with the corresponding part of the other, forms the front of the pelvis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pubis' in WordNet: 1. pubis, pubic bone, os pubis - (one of the three sections of the hipbone; together these two bones form the front of the pelvis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hip ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Public :isTheOppositeOf :Private ; :ldoce "public" ; :wnsense "public1adj" ; :wordnet "public" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Of concern to or open to participation by an unlimited number of people; there may be some qualifications for who can participate, or limts on the number due to size of the meeting place, but there is no limited list of individuals who are invited. Opposite of 'Private'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'public' in WordNet: 1. (50) public - (not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole; 'the public good'; 'public libraries'; 'public funds'; 'public parks'; 'a public scandal'; 'public gardens'; 'performers and members of royal families are public figures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PublicAssembly :wnsense "assembly5n" ; :wordnet "assembly" ; a :ActionType, :CeremonyType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PublicAssembly'' is a ''SocialGathering'' that is also a ''FormalMeeting'' and is open to the public, or to all members of a particular Organization. To be an ''PublicAssembly'' requires some prior preparation and scheduing so that the public can be aware of its occurrence. It does not have to take place in a building, but usually does. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'assembly' in WordNet: 5. assembly, assemblage, gathering - (the social act of assembling; 'they demanded the right of assembly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalMeeting, :SocialGathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Public ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PublicFace :en "public appearance", "public face" ; :takesValue :AppearanceAttribute ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person's ''PublicFace'' is that Person's ''PersonalAppearance'' when that Person is located ''OutsideTheHouse''. This is the ''Appearance''people create or attempt to create when going out in public, byt dressing, grooming, and putting on makeup. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalAppearance . :PublicInstitution :wnsense "institution2n" ; :wordnet "institution" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'institution' in WordNet: 2. (2) institution - (an establishment consisting of a building or complex of buildings where an organization for the promotion of some cause is situated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Establishment, :SpaceInAHOC, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublicService ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Institution ; owl:onProperty :isManagedBy ] . :PublicIssue :guid "bf7ab027-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Issue that forms a topic of discussion that is widely believed to need resolution as a matter for pubic (usually government) action. A 'PublicIssue'' does not have to be a topic of ''DisagreementEvent'' but in practice it almost always will be, as a ''PublicIssue'' typically presents more than one alternative possible response. See subtype ''PublicPolicyDispute'' for the Event in which this type of issue is discussed. Sinilar to Sense 1 of 'issue' in WordNet (a matter in dispute): Wordnet sense 1. issue - (an important question that is in dispute and must be settled; 'the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone'; 'politicians never discuss the real issues' COSMO note: this is a very broad category, which can include any topic that may need discussion for cooperative decision-making. Thus something labeled as an 'issue' may be a state, attribute, object, action - any category of thing that can affect a person.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Issue . :PublicMeetingPlace :wnsense "forum2n", "meeting place1n" ; :wordnet "forum", "meeting place" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PublicMeetingPlace'' is any Place (a building, part of a building, or an open area) where ''ThePublic'' is allowed to gather and meet for any legal purpose. In some cities there are open spaces where gatherings are held at intervals to celebrate some event or protest some public policy. Parks or spaces in front of government buildings often have such ''PublicMeetingPlace''s as a part. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meeting place' in WordNet: 1. forum, assembly, meeting place - (a public facility to meet for open discussion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Public ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PublicOfficial :SUMO "GovernmentOfficer" ; :guid "c10af2b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "official" ; :wnsense "official1n" ; :wordnet "official" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$PublicSectorEmployee and an instance of #$PersonTypeByPositionInOrg. Each instance of #$PublicOfficial is a person who holds a position that is directly involved with some aspect of governing a country (or subregion of a country). Many public offices in democratically governed countries are filled by election; some are filled by appointment. In other countries, public offices are sometimes filled by succession or by military decree. Note that public offices are represented in Cyc in terms of the collections of officials who hold those offices (e.g. #$Mayor and #$UnitedStatesPresident) together with axioms describing the responsibilities those offices entail. NOTE that there are GovernmentEmployees who are not PublicOfficials - those who have no direct policy or administrative functions. In SUMO, 'GovernmentOfficer' seems to be closest. SUMO: Any Profession where the position occupied is within a GovernmentOrganization. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'official' in Wordnet (the subset of officials who work for the government): in WordNet: 1. (23) official, functionary - (a worker who holds or is invested with an office) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Functionary, :GovernmentEmployee, :OrganizationMember, :ProfessionalPerson, :SocialBeing . :PublicOpinion :ldoce "opinion" ; :wnsense "opinion1n", "opinion2n" ; :wordnet "opinion" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Opinion is a Proposition that an IntelligentAgent considers more likely to be true than not to be true. An Opinion is not includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'opinion' and noun sense 2 of 'belief' in WordNet:. 1. (408) opinion, sentiment, persuasion, view, thought - (a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty; 'my opinion differs from yours'; 'what are your thoughts on Haiti?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opinion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ] . :PublicPolicyDispute :ldoce "argue" ; :wnsense "argue2v", "argument2n", "controversy1n", "dispute2v" ; :wordnet "argue", "argument", "controversy", "dispute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PublicPolicyDispute'' is a ''DisputeEvent'' in which multiple People disagree publicly about some ''PublicIssue'' (involving government action, at any level) , which thereby becomes a political issue. The elements of the dispute about that public policy form the matter disagreed about in a 'PublicIssue'' (a subtype of ''InformationObject''), related by ''hasTopic'' @ToDo: Can something be an 'PublicIssue' if there is no dispute about it?? NOTE that WN'controversy' calls it a 'speech act' and sets it as a subtype of 'dispute' but th dispute can be conducted in writing as well as in speaking. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'argue' in WordNet, not restricted to verbal arguing; and includes noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'dispute' and noun sense 1of'controversy' in WordNet: 2. (17) argue, contend, debate, fence - (have an argument about something) WN verb 'dispute': 2. (2) quarrel, dispute, scrap, argufy, altercate - (have a disagreement over something; 'We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America'; 'These two fellows are always scrapping over something') WN noun 'controversy': 1. (8) controversy, contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt, argument, arguing - (a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement; 'they were involved in a violent argument') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisputeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublicIssue ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ] . :PublicProperty :guid "bd589312-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "public property1n" ; :wordnet "public property" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Property belonging to some government agency, and therefore to the inhabitants of that jurisdiction. This includes public 'right of way' such as sidewalks, even where the property may be theoretically 'owned' in law by some adjacent property owner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public property' in WordNet: 1. public property - (property owned by a government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Property, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Public ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GeopoliticalEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Government :GeopoliticalEntity ) ] ] ; owl:disjointWith :PrivateProperty . :PublicRelationsActivity :guid "be69b6c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Activities used to create public interest in a person, idea, product, institution, or business establishment. performed by a 'professional publicist'?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassCommunicating . :PublicRestroom :wnsense "lavatory1n", "public lavatory1n", "public toilet1n", "restroom1n", "wash room1n" ; :wordnet "lavatory", "public lavatory", "public toilet", "restroom", "wash room" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Restroom that contains a toilet, and is located in some space open to the public, i.e. not in private home. lavatory Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'restroom' in WordNet and sense 1 of ;lavator' seems to include this:: 1. (1) public toilet, comfort station, public convenience, convenience, public lavatory, restroom, toilet facility, wash room - (a toilet that is available to the public) WN 'lavatory' 1. (2) toilet, lavatory, lav, can, john, privy, bathroom - (a room or building equipped with one or more toilets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restroom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toilet ; owl:onProperty :physicallyContains ] . :PublicSafety :hasSubjectOfState :GenericGovernment ; :isTheAbsenceOf :Crime ; a :PersistentState . :PublicSchool :wnsense "public school1n" ; :wordnet "public school" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for 'PublicSchool''s in the USA, government operated. The British usage of that term differs; in Britain, a 'public school' is a ''PrivateSchool' in this terminology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public school' in WordNet: 1. (4) public school - (a tuition free school in the United States supported by taxes and controlled by a school board) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :School, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GovernmentalOrganization ] ; owl:disjointWith :PrivateSchool . :PublicSector :en "public sector" ; :wnsense "sector2n" ; :wordnet "sector" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''PublicSector'' is a ''SocialGroup'' that consists of all the employees of all of the governments in any give Geopolitical entity.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sector' in WordNet: 2. (4) sector - (a body of people who form part of society or economy; 'the public sector') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Society ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :GovernmentEmployee ] . :PublicService :wnsense "community service1n", "public service1n" ; :wordnet "community service", "public service" ; a :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''PublicService'' may be done for pay, but has its main motivation in helping other people. This can be done by individuals, groups of people, or Organizations or Institutions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public service' in WordNet: 1. community service, public service - (a service that is performed for the benefit of the public or its institutions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThePublic ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ] . :PublicSpeaking :guid "c0ecfe0c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oral presentation1n", "public speaking1n", "speaking2n", "speechmaking1n" ; :wordnet "oral presentation", "public speaking", "speaking", "speechmaking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this CYC term is interpreed as one or more instances of public speaking considered as a unit. For one continuous instance of public speaking use subtype ''PublicSpeech''. CYC: Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public speaking' in WordNet: 1. public speaking, speechmaking, speaking, oral presentation - (delivering an address to a public audience; 'people came to see the candidates and hear the speechmaking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Performance, :SpokenCommunicating . :PublicSpeech :ldoce "address", "speech" ; :wnsense "address1v", "address2v", "address3n", "oral presentation1n", "public speaking1n", "speech1n", "speechmaking1n" ; :wordnet "address", "oral presentation", "public speaking", "speech", "speechmaking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PublicSpeech' is any Action in which some speaker addresses an audience on one or more topics. This differs from COSMO 'PublicSpeaking' in that it represents one whole lecture or address, and not a part of an address or a series of addresses: 'the candidate gave a speech on his energy policy'. Lecturing to a class would be a subtype. A PublicSpeech can be broadcast or webcast, so the intended audience does not have to be local. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speech' and sense 3 of 'address' and noun sense 1 of 'public speaking' in WordNet, and includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'address' in WordNet (note that a 'Group' of people can include one person oher than the speaker): WN noun 'address': in WordNet: 1. (16) address, speech - - (the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience; 'he listened to an address on minor Roman poets') WN verb 'address': 1. (16) address, turn to - (speak to; 'He addressed the crowd outside the window') 2. (5) address, speak - (give a speech to; 'The chairman addressed the board of trustees') WN noun 'public speaking': 1. public speaking, speechmaking, speaking, oral presentation - (delivering an address to a public audience; \"people came to see the candidates and hear the speechmaking\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicSpeaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ] . :PublicTransportationDevice :guid "c003eec7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$PublicTransportationDevice is a specialization of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle and #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject. Each instance of #$PublicTransportationDevice is a vehicle used for mass public transportation. Examples include #$Bus-RoadVehicle, #$Train-TransportationDevice, #$Ferry. #$TaxiCab is a non example.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :TransportationDevice-Vehicle . :PublicUse :en "public use" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PublicUse'' is a ''UsingSomething'' in which the thing used (physical or abstract) is available for use by the general public. This is the kind of ''UsingSomething'' that\\ occurs at public parks and other government (public) facilities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UsingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThePublic ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :PublicUtility :wnsense "public utility1n", "utility1n" ; :wordnet "public utility", "utility" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PublicUtility'' is an Organization that provide some service, and sometimes products, to the residents of a community; it can be government operted or private corporation owned, but if private it is subject to government regulation. the services delivered differ from common commercial services in being 'natural monopolies', the kind of service that are much more efficient when operated by a single organization than by multiple competing organizations. Most common that are fully government operated are water and sewage and garbage disposal; telephone and cable services requiring stringing lines above or below city streets are often privately owned but subject to regulation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public utility' in WordNet: 1. (6) utility, public utility, public utility company, public-service corporation - (a company that performs a public service; subject to government regulation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corporation, :Employer, :Organization . :PublicallyAccessiblePlace :en "publically pccessible place" ; :enn "publically pccessible place" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PublicallyAccessiblePlace'' may be some 'PublicProperty'' or a space within a structure that is open to the Public, as in a Hotel or Theater or RetailStore. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Property, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Public ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Publication :wnsense "publication1n" ; :wordnet "publication" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Publication'' represents one complete copy of a Newspaper, Magazine, or Book. This is a ''SmallObject'' that can be held in one hand (though a heavy tome might be hard to grasp properly, it can be held in one hand even if it is lifted with two.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'publication' in WordNet: 1. (6) publication - (a copy of a printed work offered for distribution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MediumOfCommunication, :PrintedMaterial, :SmallObject, :TextualMaterial . :Publicist :guid "bd589e7b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "publiciser1n", "publicist1n", "publicizer1n" ; :wordnet "publiciser", "publicist", "publicizer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Publicist'' is a ''Communicator'' who communicates information to multiple other agent(s) by any means, with the intention of that information becoming widely known.. This is commonly used for advertisers, but can be applied to non-profit public information transmission. \"advertizer\" CYC is more specific - the CYC entry old be a subtype: A person who works for a company, either as an employee or a contractor, and performs #$PublicRelationsActivity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'publicist' in WordNet: 1. (1) publicist, publicizer, publiciser - (someone who publicizes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Communicator, :DeskWorker, :PersonWithOccupation, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Publicizing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Publicity :wnsense "packaging2n", "promotion1n", "promotional material1n", "publicity1n" ; :wordnet "packaging", "promotion", "promotional material", "publicity" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Publicity' is a term for the content of a ''Advertising'' Action. *NOTE* that this is not necessarily produced by commercial 'advertising', which would be a subtype (though such instances are also instances of this type). This is any kind of Disseminating intended to make information widely known. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'publicity' in WordNet: 1. (4) promotion, publicity, promotional material, packaging - (a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution; 'the packaging of new ideas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Advertising ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Publicizing :wnsense "air4v", "bare2v" ; :wordnet "air", "bare", "publicise", "publicise1v", "publicise2v", "publicize", "publicize1v", "publicize2v" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Publicizing'' is the act of spreading information widely, but not necessarily for commercial purposes. includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'publicise' in WordNet: 1. advertise, publicize, advertize, publicise - (call attention to; 'Please don't advertise the fact that he has AIDS') 2. publicize, publicise, air, bare - (make public; 'She aired her opinions on welfare') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disseminating, :IBTGeneration, :Informing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Publicity ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Publicly :contrastsWith :Privately ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Public ; :wnsense "in public1adv", "publicly1adv" ; :wordnet "in public", "publicly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Publicly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that the Action was performed in public, in the presence of more than one other person, and not in private (not ''Privately''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'publicly' in WordNet: 1. (12) publicly, publically, in public - (in a manner accessible to or observable by the public; openly; 'she admitted publicly to being a communist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbialModifier . :PubliclyHeldCorporation :guid "bd58d9fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Business and #$LegalCorporation. Each instance of #$PubliclyHeldCorporation is an incorporated business whose stock (see the collection #$Stock) is traded publicly on some stock exchange or other public securities market. Businesses that are not traded publicly are instances of #$PrivatelyHeldCorporation (q.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Business, :Corporation, :PubliclyHeldOrganization . :PubliclyHeldOrganization :en "publicly held organization" ; :enn "publicly held organization" ; :guid "bfa1935f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$CommercialOrganizations whose securities or other ownership interests are freely tradable among members of the general public, usually on an instance of #$FinancialExchange. In the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica, instances of #$PubliclyHeldOrganizations are usually either #$LegalCorporations or #$LimitedPartnerships. Each instance of #$PubliclyHeldOrganization in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica must be registered with the #$SecuritiesAndExchangeCommission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is regulated by the #$SecuritiesAndExchangeCommission. Does this have to be a ''Corporation''? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialOrganization . :PubliclyKnown :isTheOppositeOf :Secret ; :ldoce "public" ; :wnsense "open16adj", "open4adj", "public1adj" ; :wordnet "open", "public" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not secret; known by a group of people not restricted in membership. Opposite of 'Secret'. Closest to RHW sense 6 of 'public': 6. generally known: The fact became public. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'public' and senses 4 and 16 of 'open' in WordNet: 1. (50) public - (not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole; 'the public good'; 'public libraries'; 'public funds'; 'public parks'; 'a public scandal'; 'public gardens'; 'performers and members of royal families are public figures') WN adj ;open': 4. (7) open - (open to or in view of all; 'an open protest'; 'an open letter to the editor') 16. overt, open - (open and observable; not secret or hidden; 'an overt lie'; 'overt hostility'; 'overt intelligence gathering'; 'open ballots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PubliclyTradedSecurity :ldoce "share" ; :wnsense "share1n" ; :wordnet "share" ; a :RightType, :StockType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PubliclyTradedSecurity' is one 'share' in a 'ShareOfStock' (part of the ownership of a Corporation, MutualFund, or limited partnership), or any other form of security (bond, futures contract, etc.). At any given time it has a value in some currency. To be 'publicly traded' it must be traded using some identifiable and organized 'MarketMaker'. Stocks that are listed with some particular stock exchange will have that exchange specified as an instance of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'share' in WordNet: 1. (363) share - (any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate; 'he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShareOfStock, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :Published :isAnAttributeValueOf :PublishedMaterial ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PublishingWrittenMaterial ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unpublished ; :wnsense "published1adj" ; :wordnet "published" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'published' in Wordnet: 1. (3) published - (prepared and printed for distribution and sale; 'the complete published works Dickens') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PublishedEdition-PIT :guid "c0af68de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance is a partial representation of the propositional content of a particular edition of a public work. Different editions should be reified as separate PITs. Every instance should have a specified #$dateOfPublication-PIT.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropositionalInformationThing . :PublishedMaterial :guid "bd58c1bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "publication1n" ; :wordnet "publication" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the combination of *abstract* text (and images and tables and other illustrations) ) included in something that was published (i.e. a 'publication'), not the PhysicalObject. Cyc: A specialization of #$InformationStore. Each instance of #$PublishedMaterial is either a conceptual work (an instance of #$ConceptualWork) with instantiations which have been produced for distribution, or an information-bearing thing (an instance of #$InformationBearingThing) which has been produced for distribution. Note that published here does not mean printed and physically distributed , since intangible information-bearing things can be published using the #$WorldWideWeb-Concrete, or broadcast on the airwaves. Notable specializations of #$PublishedMaterial include #$Book-CW, #$RecordedVideoProduct, and #$RecordedSoundProduct. Corresponds to part (the abstract work) of noun sense 1 of 'publication' in Wordnet: 1. (6) publication - (a copy of a printed work offered for distribution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :InformationStore . :Publisher :en "publishing company", "publishing house" ; :guid "bd588a64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "publisher1n", "publishing company1n", "publishing firm1n", "publishing house1n" ; :wordnet "publisher", "publishing company", "publishing firm", "publishing house" ; a :AgentType, :ObjectType, :OrganizationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: A Publisher is some LegalAgent that has published some PublishedMaterial; it can be an individual Person, a Group of people, or any business, so it is a direct subtype of LegalAgent, not necessarily an Organization, as in Cyc. If useful, a subtype of publisher that is an Organization can be added that conforms more directly to the Cyc concept 'PublishingCompany'. The relation 'hasPublished' can be used to point to some publication that the publisher has published. Cyc: ('PublishingCompany'): A collection of organizations; a subset of #$CommercialServiceOrganization. An element of #$PublishingCompany has as its primary function publishing information (either hardcopy or software, but not solely broadcasting) for particular customers or for the general public. Note: this collection does not include companies that merely provide manuals as #$includedItems with other products. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'publisher' in Wordnet: 1. (6) publisher, publishing house, publishing firm, publishing company - (a firm in the publishing business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialServiceOrganization, :LegalAgent, :MediaOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublishingWrittenMaterial ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :PublishingIndustry :guid "eea974be-61cd-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; a :IndustryType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO, an 'industry' is a Group of related actions, not agents. Perhaps this should be changed to include agents - that would make it heterogeneous. CYC: The collection of local industries concerned with publishing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Industry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublishingWrittenMaterial ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :PublishingType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take some class of 'Publishing' as one of their arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :PublishingWrittenMaterial :en "publishing" ; :guid "bd58b686-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bring out3v", "issue1v", "print1v", "publish1v", "publish2v", "put out9v", "release5v" ; :wordnet "bring out", "issue", "print", "publish", "put out", "release" ; a :PublishingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of #$PublishingWrittenMaterial, a book or periodical is transformed from manuscript or typescript form to a form suitable for retail sale or public distribution. This collection can include any kind of publishing, from manuscript copies to print media to electronic publishing. This refers most often to the actions of a ''Publisher'' but the subtype ''WritingForPublication'' specifically covers the action of Person who writes and publishes (by herself or through a Publisher) the thing written. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'publish' in WordNet: 1. (39) print, publish - (put into print; 'The newspaper published the news of the royal couple's divorce'; 'These news should not be printed') 2. (14) publish, bring out, put out, issue, release - (prepare and issue for public distribution or sale; 'publish a magazine or newspaper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBTGeneration-Replication, :IssuingSomething, :MediaTransferEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublishedMaterial ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Publisher ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Pudding :guid "bf8110f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pudding1n" ; :wordnet "pudding" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a substance that is a sweetened form of some foodstuff, thickened CYC: This is the collection of all instances of pudding. By pudding we mean the common-sense American notion of pudding. Plum pudding and many dishes that are called pudding in Britian are not pudding in the present sense. Instances of #$Pudding are made of dairy products (generally milk and eggs) and are generally thickened by something other than the eggs, such as flour, cornstarch, or tapioca. RHW: 1. a thick, soft dessert, typically containing flour or some other thickener, milk, eggs, a flavoring, and sweetener: tapioca pudding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pudding' in WordNet: 3. pudding - (any of various soft sweet desserts thickened usually with flour and baked or boiled or steamed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DessertSubstance, :Mixture, :SemiSolidSubstance, :SweetFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sweetener ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Viscous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Puddle :guid "c0f2a736-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "puddle2n" ; :wordnet "puddle" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A thin body of water usually caused by rain, but this includes indoor puddles. @ToDo: needs subtypes? Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'puddle' (for puddles consisting mostly of water) in WordNet: 2. pool, puddle - (a small body of standing water (rainwater) or other liquid; 'there were puddles of muddy water in the road after the rain'; 'the body lay in a pool of blood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarthSurfaceObject, :GravitationallyBoundObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :WaterObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandArea ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Puerile :pertainsTo :HumanYouth ; :wnsense "adolescent3adj", "jejune2adj", "juvenile2adj", "puerile2adj" ; :wordnet "adolescent", "jejune", "juvenile", "puerile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'puerile' in Wordnet: 2. adolescent, jejune, juvenile, puerile - (displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity; 'adolescent insecurity'; 'jejune responses to our problems'; 'their behavior was juvenile'; 'puerile jokes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :PuertoRico :isControlledBy :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :wnsense "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico1n", "PR2n", "Porto Rico1n", "Puerto Rico1n" ; :wordnet "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico", "PR", "Porto Rico", "Puerto Rico" ; a :Territory ; rdfs:comment """Wikipedia: Puerto Rico, officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately 1,000 miles southeast of Miami, Florida. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Puerto Rico' in WordNet: 1. (17) Puerto Rico, Porto Rico, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, PR - (a self-governing commonwealth associated with the United States occupying the island of Puerto Rico) """ . :Puff :hasCorrespondingProcess :AirCurrent ; :wnsense "puff1n" ; :wordnet "puff" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A light, relatively low velocity ''Gust'' with maximmum velocity of a puff that can be created by a person exhaling vigorously. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puff' in WordNet: 1. puff, puff of air, whiff - (a short light gust of air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gust, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weak ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Puffin :guid "bd588fcb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "puffin1n" ; :wordnet "puffin" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Lots of them in Iceland and other North Alantic islands.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puffin' in WordNet: 1. puffin - (any of two genera of northern seabirds having short necks and brightly colored compressed bills) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seabird, :ShoreBird . :Puffy :guid "ad428f64-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "bouffant1adj", "puffy1adj" ; :wordnet "bouffant", "puffy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: having bulging, billowing, fluffy, inflated..the way cumulous clouds are. This units definition could be improved upon. As long the current assertions remain kosher, add your two cents. Most closely (but not very close) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'puffy' in Wordnet: 1. bouffant, puffy - (being puffed out; used of hair style or clothing; 'a bouffant skirt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Pug :wnsense "pug-dog1n", "pug1n" ; :wordnet "pug", "pug-dog" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A breed of ''Dog''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pug' in WordNet: 1. pug, pug-dog - (small compact smooth-coated breed of Asiatic origin having a tightly curled tail and broad flat wrinkled muzzle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dog . :Puja :en "puja" ; :enn "puja" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hinduism has many gods, and different people worship different gods. RHW noun 'puja': the worship of a particular god. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousOrMoralBelief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hinduism ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ] . :Pull :wnsense "pull4n" ; :wordnet "pull" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pull'' is a ''HandSizedObject'' attached to the outside part of a door or ''Drawer'' (or either side, for a door that is an entry at a portal) that allows a Person to grasp it and facilitate some type of ''PullingEvent' with a door or drawer as object, and with the intention of moving the thing pulled.. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'pull' in WordNet: 4. (1) pull - (a device used for pulling something; 'he grabbed the pull and opened the drawer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComponentPartOfArtifact, :HandSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrabbingOntoWithHand ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PullingEvent ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Pulley :guid "bd58b1c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "block8n", "pulley-block1n", "pulley1n" ; :wordnet "block", "pulley", "pulley-block" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulley' in WordNet: 1. (3) pulley, pulley-block, block - (a simple machine consisting of a wheel with a groove in which a rope can run to change the direction or point of application of a force applied to the rope) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice, :SimpleMachine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wheel ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfRope ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PullingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :PullingEvent :ldoce "draw", "pull" ; :wnsense "draw1v", "pull1v", "pull4v", "pulling1n" ; :wordnet "draw", "pull", "pulling" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PullingEvent is a ForceTransmissionEvent that is a ''PullingOnAnObject'' in which one object is connected to another (as by a tow rope), and by the first object causing itself to move away from the other object, causes the other object to move. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulling' and verb senses 1 and 4 of 'pull' and verb sense 1 of 'draw' in WordNet: WN 'pulling': 1. (5) pull, pulling - (the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you; 'the pull up the hill had him breathing harder'; 'his strenuous pulling strained his back') WN 'pull': 1. (44) pull, draw, force - (cause to move by pulling; 'draw a wagon'; 'pull a sled') 4. (5) pull - (apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion; 'Pull the rope'; 'Pull the handle towards you'; 'pull the string gently'; 'pull the trigger of the gun'; 'pull your knees towards your chin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PullingOnAnObject, :PullingOrPushingEvent . :PullingOnAnObject :en "tugging" ; :wnsense "tug1v" ; :wordnet "tug" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event of ''PullingOnAnObject'' does not require that the Object pulled move, only that some Force was applied in the direction of the object applying the force. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'tug' in Wordnet: 1. (7) tug - (pull hard; 'The prisoner tugged at the chains'; 'This movie tugs at the heart strings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ApplyingAForce, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent . :PullingOrPushingEvent :en "pulling of pushing" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PullingOrPushingEvent'' is the union of a ''PushingEvent'' and a ''PushingEvent'' created to represent the possibility of moving an object by pulling or pushing, in either case requiring some constant exertion of force to make the object move, while moving along with the affected object. Used to describe the action of a''Tugboat''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce . :PullingOrPushingaShip :en "pulling of pushing a ship" ; :eng "tuging" ; :wnsense "tug3v" ; :wordnet "tug" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PullingOrPushingaShip'' is a ''PullingOrPushingEvent'' in which the Object moved is a ''Ship'' (a Boat longer than 30 meters). Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'tug' in WordNet: 3. tug - (tow (a vessel) with a tug; 'The tugboat tugged the freighter into the harbor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PullingOrPushingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ship ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tugboat ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Pullover :guid "be01f9c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pullover1n", "slipover1n" ; :wordnet "pullover", "slipover" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pullover' in WordNet: 1. pullover, slipover - (a sweater that is put on by pulling it over the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sweater . :PulmonaryCongestion :wnsense "pulmonary congestion1n" ; :wordnet "pulmonary congestion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Congestion in the lungs or upper airways. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulmonary congestion' in WordNet: 1. pulmonary congestion - (congestion in the lungs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Congestion . :Pulp :wnsense "mush1n", "pulp1n" ; :wordnet "mush", "pulp" ; a :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pulp''is a soft semisolid substance that is ''Mushy'', forming blobs that are easily deformed but not free-flowing. This is usually used for Organic materials, but may be used for inorganic materials of similar consistency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulp' in WordNet: 1. (2) pulp, mush - (any soft or soggy mass; 'he pounded it to a pulp') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mushy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Pulpit :guid "bd6719a9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ambo1n", "dais1n", "podium1n", "pulpit1n", "rostrum1n" ; :wordnet "ambo", "dais", "podium", "pulpit", "rostrum" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A raised platform from which a speaker may address her audience. A church 'pulpit' would be a subtype. 'stump' and 'soapbox' are metaphorical - need different type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulpit' in WordNet: 1. (2) dais, podium, pulpit, rostrum, ambo, stump, soapbox - (a platform raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Platform, :StageForIndoorPerformances . :Pulsating :eng "pulsating" ; :wnsense "pulsate1v", "pulse1v", "throb2v" ; :wordnet "pulsate", "pulse", "throb" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pulsate' in WordNet: 1. (1) pulsate, throb, pulse - (expand and contract rhythmically; beat rhythmically; 'The baby's heart was pulsating again after the surgeon massaged it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beating . :PulseRate :isaDesignFunctionOf :Heart ; :wnsense "heart rate1n", "pulse rate1n", "pulse3n" ; :wordnet "heart rate", "pulse", "pulse rate" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PulseRate'' is a ''VitalSign'' that is one of the Symptoms that help to distinguish health or illness. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pulse rate' in WordNet: 3. pulse, pulse rate, heart rate - (the rate at which the heart beats; usually measured to obtain a quick evaluation of a person's health) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :VitalSign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vital ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frequency ; owl:onProperty :isMeasuredBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Living ] . :PulverizationEvent :guid "bd58eccf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "powder2v", "powderise1v", "powderise2v", "powderize1v", "powderize2v", "pulverise2v", "pulverise3v", "pulverize1v", "pulverize3v" ; :wordnet "powder", "powderise", "powderize", "pulverise", "pulverize" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalDestructionEvent. In each instance of #$PulverizationEvent, some instance of #$SolidTangibleThing is reduced to a large number of small particles (see the collection #$Particle) through the application of a force. NOTE: for the *intentional* creation of a ''Powder'' use subtype ''Pulverizing''. COSMO note: this can happen by natural processes (as in creation of sand or soil), so it is not an IntentionalAction, but the thing that does the pulverizing can be viewed as an 'agent', so it is an Action. The material produced is not necessarily a fine 'powder' but is a 'GranularSubstance' (which can be a Powder'). For the intentional Action of pulverizing, by a grinding process, use'Grinding'. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 (transitive and intransitive) of 'pulverize' in WordNet: 1. (1) powderize, powderise, powder, pulverize, pulverise - (make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust; 'pulverize the grains') 3. powderize, pulverize, pulverise, powderise - (become powder or dust; 'When it was blown up, the building powderized') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakingEvent, :PhysicalDestructionEvent, :Separation-Complete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ] . :Pulverizing :wnsense "powder2v", "pulverize3v" ; :wordnet "powder", "pulverize" ; a :ActionType, :CuttingOrGrindingType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pulverizing'' is the *intentional* creation of fine Granular substance. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pulverize' in WordNet: 3. powderize, powderise, powder, pulverize, pulverise - (make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust; 'pulverize the grains') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grinding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Powder ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Pummeling :eng "pummeling" ; :wnsense "biff1v", "pommel1v", "pummel1v" ; :wordnet "biff", "pommel", "pummel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for striking a Person multiple times. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pummel' in WordNet: 1. (1) pummel, pommel, biff - (strike, usually with the fist; 'The pedestrians pummeled the demonstrators') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject . :Pump :guid "bd589ef5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pump" ; :wnsense "pump1n" ; :wordnet "pump" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mechanical pump, an Artifact. An animal heart is *not* an instance. For that use ''Pump-Generic''. Cyc ('Pump-Mechanical') Used to move fluid from one spatial region to another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pump' in WordNet: 1. (4) pump - (a mechanical device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Container, :MechanicalDevice, :Pump-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PumpingFluid ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Pump-Generic :guid "bfc27a59-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Pump-Generic is a natural or mechanical pump, and is thus capable (see the predicate #$behaviorCapable) of pumping fluid from one spatial region to another. Notable specializations of #$Pump-Generic include #$Heart, #$GasolinePump, and #$OilPump.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject . :PumpingBlood :en "pumping blood" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PumpingBlood'' is what an animal Heart does. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PumpingFluid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heart ; owl:onProperty :isaDesignFunctionOf ] . :PumpingFluid :guid "c0f46d4c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "pump" ; :wnsense "pump3v", "pump7v" ; :wordnet "pump" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The pumping of a liquid or gas, using usually performed a mechanical 'Pump', but this includes other types of pumping action such as a ''HeartBeat''. Cyc: Pumping-induced pressure differential that causes a fluid to flow. Includes verb senses 3 and 7 of 'pump' in WordNet: 3. (1) pump - (draw or pour with a pump) 7. pump - (raise (gases or fluids) with a pump) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveying-Stationary, :FluidFlow-Translation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pump-Generic ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :PumpingFromTheGround :ldoce "pump" ; :wnsense "pump7v" ; :wordnet "pump" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drawing some natural resource, usually petroleum or water, from the ground by means of a 'Pump'. Example: 'they pumped fifty gallons of oil every day from that stripper well'. 'He pumps a thousand gallons of water an hour into his field from that well.' Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'pump' in WordNet: 7. pump - (raise (gases or fluids) with a pump) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PumpingFluid . :PumpingGasoline :CYC "PumpingGasEvent" ; :en "pump gasoline", "pumping gas", "pumping gasoline" ; :enn "pump gasoline", "pumping gas", "pumping gasoline" ; :guid "bd58c27d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'PumpingGasEvent': The collection of events in which a discrete portion of gasoline is pumped *entirely* (see #$FluidFlow-Translation vs #$Translation-Complete) from a pump into the gas tank of a vehicle. Every complete #$PumpingGasEvent has a #$subEvents in which #$PumpingFluid is occurring. Also, every #$PumpingGasEvent has a number of sub-events in which a portion of gas is completely transmitted into a gas tank (see #$Translation-Complete). ''PumpingGasoline'' is the transfer of ''Gasoline'' from a storage tank (usually underground) into the gas tank of a gasoline-powered device, especially a motor vehicle. This is commonly done at gasoline stations adjacent to a Roadway, but Organizations that maintain a 'fleet' of their own vhicles may have their own facilities for ''PumpingGasoline''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, :PumpingFluid, :RoutineAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gasoline ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GasolinePump ; owl:onProperty :isaDesignFunctionOf ] . :Pumpkin :wnsense "pumpkin2n" ; :wordnet "pumpkin" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An individual Pumpkin. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pumpkin' in WordNet: 2. pumpkin - (usually large pulpy deep-yellow round fruit of the squash family maturing in late summer or early autumn) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PumpkinPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :Pumpkin-Foodstuff :guid "c0fde1df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, :Paste, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance inside the shell of a ''Pumpkin'', made into a paste..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pumpkin ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :PumpkinPie :guid "c1008a5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pumpkin pie1n" ; :wordnet "pumpkin pie" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pumpkin pie' in WordNet: 1. pumpkin pie - (pie made of mashed pumpkin and milk and eggs and sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pumpkin-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :PumpkinPlant :wnsense "pumpkin vine1n", "pumpkin1n" ; :wordnet "pumpkin", "pumpkin vine" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An individual pumpkin. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'pumpkin' and sense 1 of 'pumpkin vine' in WordNet: 1. pumpkin, pumpkin vine, autumn pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo - (a coarse vine widely cultivated for its large pulpy round orange fruit with firm orange skin and numerous seeds; subspecies of Cucurbita pepo include the summer squashes and a few autumn squashes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SquashPlant . :Pun :wnsense "paronomasia1n", "pun1n", "wordplay1n" ; :wordnet "paronomasia", "pun", "wordplay" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pun'' is a type of 'Joke''; this type is the abstract conceptual content of the ''Pun'' created by a ''TellingaPun'' Action. NOTE: the term 'punning' suggests that this is an Action, but it is intended to represent the conceptual content of the words generated in a ''TellingaPun'' Action. That term 'punning' does not label this type, but labels ''TellingaPun''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pun' in WordNet: 1. (1) pun, punning, wordplay, paronomasia - (a humorous play on words; 'I do it for the pun of it'; 'his constant punning irritated her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Joke . :Punch-TheTool :guid "bd58f226-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "punch3n", "puncher3n" ; :wordnet "punch", "puncher" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A tool used in punching or piercing a material. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'punch' in WordNet: 3. punch, puncher - (a tool for making holes or indentations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PunchingAHole ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :PunchingAHole :guid "bd58a84a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "perforate1v", "punch3v" ; :wordnet "perforate", "punch" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A process where holes are punched out of some material. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'punch' in WordNet: 3. punch, perforate - (make a hole into or between, as for ease of separation; 'perforate the sheets of paper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, :PiercingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PiercedHole ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :PunchingSomeone :en "punch" ; :guid "bd5882de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "plug3v", "punch1v" ; :wordnet "plug", "punch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of hitting someone with a fist - serious punches only, not playful ones. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'punch' in WordNet: 1. (3) punch, plug - (deliver a quick blow to; 'he punched me in the stomach') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingaPerson, :PhysicallyHarmingAnAgent, :PunchingSomething, :TouchingAnotherPerson, :ViolentAction . :PunchingSomething :en "punch" ; :guid "bd58cc74-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "punch1v" ; :wordnet "punch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of throwing a punch and striking something - serious punches only, not playful ones. This is not just hitting accidentally, but intentionally with force. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'punch' in WordNet: 1. (3) punch, plug - (deliver a quick blow to; 'he punched me in the stomach') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject, :PurposefulAction, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fist ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Punctual :wnsense "punctual1adj" ; :wordnet "punctual" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'punctual' in Wordnet: 1. punctual - (acting or arriving or performed exactly at the time appointed; 'she expected guests to be punctual at meals'; 'he is not a particularly punctual person'; 'punctual payment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prompt . :PunctuatingText :wnsense "mark15v", "punctuate1v" ; :wordnet "mark", "punctuate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of adding ''PunctuationMark''s to some Text - abstract or physical. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'punctuate' in WordNet: 1. (1) punctuate, mark - (insert punctuation marks into) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate, :Modification, :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TextualMaterial :AbstractText ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PunctuationMark ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PunctuationMark ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ] . :PunctuationMark :ldoce "mark" ; :wnsense "mark10n", "punctuation mark1n", "punctuation2n" ; :wordnet "mark", "punctuation", "punctuation mark" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PunctuationMark' is a non-alphabetical and non-numerical character that is used as the separator between sentences or parts of a sentence. Noun sense 10 of 'mark' in WordNet seems to be the same concept, though there is a separate synset for 'punctuation mark': in WordNet: 10. mark - (a written or printed symbol (as for punctuation); 'his answer was just a punctuation mark') WN noun 'punctuation mark': 1. (1) punctuation, punctuation mark - (the marks used to clarify meaning by indicating separation of words into sentences and clauses and phrases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextMarking . :Puncture :wnsense "puncture1n" ; :wordnet "puncture" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Puncture'' is a ''Hole'' in some ''SolidObject'' made by another ''SolidObject'' sufficiently sharp and hard to pierce the punctured object. This is not necessarily created by an ''IntentionalAgent''. This is usually but not necessarily in a ''SheetLike'' object, such as the Skin or a container. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'puncture' in WordNet: 2. puncture - (a small hole made by a sharp object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PiercedHole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharpObject ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardObject ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :PuncturingTheSkin a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PuncturingtheSkin'' is a type of ''PiercingSomething'' in which the thing punctured is the ''Skin'' of some animal. the 'piercing' nay be done by any kind of object for any purpose or by accident. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPenetrated ] . :Punishing :causes :BearingPunishment ; :en "penalizing", "punishing" ; :guid "bd589928-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "punish" ; :wnsense "penalization1n", "penalize1v", "punish1v", "punishment1n" ; :wordnet "penalization", "penalize", "punish", "punishment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type includes punishments inflicted by individuals and by social or legal proceses. This type is an Event that includes both the action taken by one agent to inflict undesirable things on another agent, and any resulting undesirable things themselves. The results such as spending time in prison or detention, bearing physical pain or injury, etc. are Events represented as 'BearingPunishment' in COSMO, and are also part of this type 'Punishing'. NOTE that in Wordnet, senses 1 and 3 of 'penalty' seems to reflect separation of the action of punishing (snse 1) from the consequences (sense 3). The undesirable things represented by 'BearingPunishment' are represented separately so that the exact nature of the Punishment can be represented for each instance of Punishing. Therefore BearingPunishment is both caused by *and* a subEvent of 'Punishing'. NOTE: 'Punishing' by an Authority for violating a rule is represented more specifically by the subtype ''Penalizing''. Cyc: Elements of #$Punishing are events which one agent does to another agent in return for some offense. COSMO note: in SUMO 'Punishing' is an OrganizationalProcess, i.e. it involves an Organization. In COSMO, it does not have to involve an Organization, so that part is omitted; e.g., a parent can punish a child. SUMO: Any OrganizationalProcess where the agent does something to the destination that the agent knows is undesirable for the destination. WordNet shows several 'troponyms' (ways to do something) for 'punish', and all are included (implicitly) in this type: (imprisonment was left out?) => revenge, avenge, retaliate - (take revenge for a perceived wrong; 'He wants to avenge the murder of his brother') => tar-and-feather - (smear the body of (someone) with tar and feathers; done in some societies as punishment; 'The thief was tarred and feathered') => execute, put to death - (kill as a means of socially sanctioned punishment; 'In some states, criminals are executed') => pillory - (punish by putting in a pillory) => castigate - (inflict severe punishment on) => amerce - (punish with an arbitrary penalty) => victimize, victimise - (punish unjustly) => scourge - (punish severely; excoriate) => discipline, correct, sort out - (punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience; 'The teacher disciplined the pupils rather frequently') Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'punish' and sense 1 of 'penalize', and noun sense 1 of 'punishment' and sense 1 and part of sense 3 of 'penalty', and the aspect of sense 2 of 'penalty' (a fine) that includes action by the enforcer (*not( a sum of money) in WordNet: 1. (10) punish, penalize, penalise - (impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on; 'The students were penalized for showing up late for class'; 'we had to punish the dog for soiling the floor again') WN noun 'punishment': 1. (12) punishment, penalty, penalization, penalisation - (the act of punishing) WN 'penalty': 1. (6) punishment, penalty, penalization, penalisation - (the act of punishing) 2. (1) penalty - (a payment required for not fulfilling a contract) 3. (1) penalty - (the disadvantage or painful consequences of an action or condition; 'neglected his health and paid the penalty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ViolatingAnObligation :Offending ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :BearingPunishment ] . :Punitive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Punishing ; :wnsense "punitive1adj", "punitory1adj" ; :wordnet "punitive", "punitory" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'punitive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) punitive, punitory - (inflicting punishment; 'punitive justice'; 'punitive damages') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :PunkahFan :wnsense "punkah1n" ; :wordnet "punkah" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'punkah' in Wordnet: 1. punkah - (a large fan consisting of a frame covered with canvas that is suspended from the ceiling; used in India for circulating air in a room) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Fan, :PoweredDevice . :Pup :wnsense "pup1n", "whelp1n" ; :wordnet "pup", "whelp" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young ''Mammal''. NOTE: WN specifies only dog or wolf, but the term 'pup' is used also for the young of a seal, and also other mammals (usually the larger four-footed ones), but not appplied to cats ('kitten' for cats). This ''Pup'' is synonymous with 'young mammal''. It can be further differentiated (e.g. 'cub' for bears) RHW 'whelp': 1. the young of the dog, or of the wolf, bear, lion, tiger, seal, etc. RHW 'pup': 2. the young of certain other animals, as the rat or fur seal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pup' in WordNet: 1. (1) pup, whelp - (young of any of various canines such as a dog or wolf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JuvenileAnimal, :Mammal ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Mammal :JuvenileAnimal ) ] . :Pupa :guid "c10081af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pupa1n" ; :wordnet "pupa" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An insect in the 'PupalStage' of life, protected by a ''Cocoon''. This includes the ''Cocoon'' covering the developing insect. CYC: A collection of stages in the lives of individual organisms; a subset of #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment. Each element of #$Pupa is a stage during which a metamorphic insect such as a butterfly changes its form from the larval to the adult stage. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pupa' in WordNet: 1. pupa - (an insect in the inactive stage of development (when it is not feeding) intermediate between larva and adult) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cocoon ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfacePart ] . :PupalStage a :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PupalStage' is the LifeStage of an Insect after it has passed from the larval stage and has pupated (formed a ''Cocoon'') but not yet emerged as an adult..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pupa ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Pupil :ldoce "pupil" ; :wnsense "pupil3n", "school-age child1n", "schoolchild1n" ; :wordnet "pupil", "school-age child", "schoolchild" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Pupil' is a Student who is being directly supervised in his/her studies by some individual. The difference between being a 'Pupil' and a Student is both in the age (a Pupil is in high school or lower), and in the degree of contact of the teacher with the Pupil; a 'Pupil' is the Pupil of some individual teacher. . A Teacher or tutor must have some significant direct contact for a Student to be a Pupil. One student in a lecture class of over a hundred would be a 'Student' but not a Pupil. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'pupil' in RHW: 1. a person, usually young, who is learning under the close supervision of a teacher at school, a private tutor, or the like; student. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'pupil' in WordNet: 3. schoolchild, school-age child, pupil - (a young person attending school (up through senior high school)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanYouth, :Student . :Pupil-EyePart :guid "bd5881af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Eye ; :ldoce "pupil" ; :wnsense "pupil2n" ; :wordnet "pupil" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The opening in the iris of an eye which lets in light. 'Belladonna causes the pupils to dilate'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pupil' in WordNet: 2. (1) pupil - (contractile aperture in the iris of the eye) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :Portal, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eye ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Puppet :guid "be552f5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "puppet1n", "puppet2n" ; :wordnet "puppet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes the marionette and the hand puppet,which can and should be differentiated with subtypes. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'puppet' in WordNet: 1. (1) puppet, marionette - (a small figure of a person operated from above with strings by a puppeteer) 3. puppet - (a doll with a hollow head of a person or animal and a cloth body; intended to fit over the hand and be manipulated with the fingers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModelFigure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Puppeteer ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mimicry ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :Puppeteer :wnsense "puppeteer1n" ; :wordnet "puppeteer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Puppeteer'' may control a ''Marionette'' by moving a ''ControlBar'', or control a ''HandPuppet'' directly by 'wearing' the ''HandPuppet on the hand and moving it to make it appear as though it is moving by its own volition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puppeteer' in WordNet: 1. puppeteer - (one who operates puppets or marionettes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Puppet ; owl:onProperty :controlsManually ] . :Puppy :wnsense "puppy1n" ; :wordnet "puppy" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A young ''Dog''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puppy' in WordNet: 1. (2) puppy - (a young dog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dog, :JuvenileAnimal, :Pup ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Dog :JuvenileAnimal ) ] . :Purchase :wnsense "purchase2n" ; :wordnet "purchase" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Purchase'' is the thing obtained in a ''Buying'' transaction - whether abstract (a right) or a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'purchase' in Wordnet: 2. (3) purchase - (something acquired by purchase) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acquisition, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAcquiredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Buying ] . :PurchaseOrder :wnsense "order7n", "purchase order1n" ; :wordnet "order", "purchase order" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PurchaseOrder' is a Communication in which one Agent conveys an offer to buy something from the other Agent. This covers normal business transactions, and implies that the Agent to whom the offer is made has already made known its intention to sell. NOTE: this type represents the Action of offering formally via a purchase order document. The document itself is created by this Action, and is represented by . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purchase order' in WordNet: 1. order, purchase order - (a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities; 'IBM received an order for a hundred computers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfferingToBuy . :PurchaseOrderDocument :wnsense "order7n", "purchase order1n" ; :wordnet "order", "purchase order" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PurchaseOrderDocument'' is a ''Document-Physical'' created by a 'PurchaseOrder'. and transmitted to a potential seller. This includes electronic documents transmitted (or copied) to the seller by electronic means. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purchase order' in WordNet: 1. order, purchase order - (a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities; 'IBM received an order for a hundred computers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PurchaseOrder ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Pure :isTheOppositeOf :Impure ; :ldoce "pure" ; :wnsense "pure1adj", "unadulterated1adj" ; :wordnet "pure", "unadulterated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Pure' is an AttributeValue of PhysicalSubstances and some other things like sounds that are relatively free (to within some criterion) from contaminating (unwanted) substances (or sounds). No substance is absolutely pure, so this AttributeValue is to some extent a matter of degree and dependent on the purpose of use of a substance. It may be used with a numerical qualifier: '99% pure' This attribute can be asserted of mixtures that have well-defined origin or design purpose (such as drugs or natural products such as milk or meat), as well as of pure single chemical substances with specific composition. 'pure water' for drinking purposes could have many more contaminants than 'pure water' for a chemistry laboratory; it is pure by being free of toxic or infectious agents.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'pure' ad sense 1 of 'unadulterated' in WordNet: 1. (28) pure - (free of extraneous elements of any kind; 'pure air and water'; 'pure gold'; 'pure primary colors'; 'the violin's pure and lovely song'; 'pure tones'; 'pure oxygen') WN adj 'unadulterated': 1. unadulterated - (not mixed with impurities; 'unadulterated maple syrup') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :PureGold :wnsense "24-karat gold1n", "pure gold1n" ; :wordnet "24-karat gold", "pure gold" ; a :GoldType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PureGold'' is nominally the Substance that is composed only of ''Gold'' - usually interpreted as being at least 99.9% pure (fractional component 0.999). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pure gold' in WordNet: 1. 24-karat gold, pure gold - (100 per cent gold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalComponentSubstance, :Gold, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gold ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :PureImaginaryNumber :wnsense "pure imaginary number1n" ; :wordnet "pure imaginary number" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PureImaginaryNumber' is a 'ComplexNumber' with the real component equal to zero, i.e. is has the form: xi, where x is RealNumber and i is the square root of -1. This is both a subtype and a component of a 'ComplexNumber', which may or may not include a RealNumber component. This concept is created so as to compose the OrderedPair that is a 'ComplexNumber' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pure imaginary number' in WordNet: 1. pure imaginary number - (an imaginary number of the form a+bi where a is 0) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComplexNumber, :MultiplicationProduct ; owl:disjointWith :RealNumber . :PureQuartz :hasColor :Colorless ; :hasHardnessInMohs "7"^^xsd:int ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :SiliconDioxide ; :wnsense "quartz2n" ; :wordnet "quartz" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Some types of ''Quartz'' have impurities that impart a color; that color makes some varieties of quartz-based gems beautiful and valuable. Pure ''Quartz'' is Colorless, Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quartz' in WordNet: 2. quartz - (a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quartz . :PureSubstance :guid "c0fbb161-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PureSubstance is a physical substance that is 100% of the nominal constituent. This rarely occurs in the real world, but it may be useful to represent the properties of a pure substance, as these can be determined to within satisfactory accuracy by measurements on nearly pure substances, or by extrapolation. The properties of a 'PureSubstance' can also be applied to the functional properties of certain substance, such as enzymes, which are typically measured in solutions which may be complex. The scientist making such measurements makes a judgement that the measured property represents the properties of the pure substance, and that will be the recorded property until different information is obtained. The 'turnover rate' of an enzyme, for example, may be recorded as a property of the 'PureSubstance' which is the enzyme. Cyc comment: A collection of tangible stuffs. Each instance of #$PureSubstance is a chemically pure portion of stuff belonging to some particular #$ChemicalSubstanceType (e.g. #$Water or #$Cellulose). 'Chemically pure' applies to a piece of stuff which has no sub-portions that fail to conform to the chemical composition of its (single) #$ChemicalSubstanceType. In typical contexts, most common portions of a #$ChemicalSubstanceType will not be instances of #$PureSubstance . For example, a piece of pencil lead, though mostly carbon, will not be an instance since it is not pure carbon and any portion of ordinary tap water will contain too many impurities. Many sub-portions of either a piece of pencil lead or portion of tap water will fail to conform to the chemical composition of either carbon or water. Some instances of #$ChemicalSubstanceType are subcollections of #$PureSubstance in most contexts but not in all. In typical domestic contexts, for example, a piece of ordinary distilled water would be an instance of #$PureSubstance . However, in a clean room or microchip manufacturing context, ordinary distilled water would probably be considered impure (see #$ImpureCompound). In general, to refer to a pure instance of a substance one can use the function #$PureFn, e.g. (#$PureFn #$Carbon). Note that #$PureFn has #$PureSubstance as a #$resultGenl . Since this kind of purity is relative to specified chemical composition only, #$PureSubstance (and #$PureFn) does not pertain to mixtures in Cyc (such as #$Air). Cf. #$Mixture, #$ChemicalSubstanceType. See also #$PureSubstanceType and #$ImpureCompound.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pure ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PureWater :hasAttributeValue :VP_760mm_100C ; :hasBoilingPoint :T_100C ; :hasColor :Colorless ; :hasMeltingPoint :T_0C ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Water that has no detectable impurities, and is believed to have the same properties as 100% water. This Substance, as for other 'pure' substances represents an ideal that may only be approximated in real life. The function of 'pure' substance in COSMO is to permit the specification of properties that can be measured or extrapolated for the pure substance, but may not apply to the same substance with some impurities in it. Note that this makes no commitment as to the state (solid, liquid, gas) of the water""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PureSubstance, :Water . :Puree :guid "bd58c3ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "puree1n" ; :wordnet "puree" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Food which has been put through a blender for a while. ?? CYC has it as a PlantProduct - is that necessary? ??BUT WN gloss indicates it does not have to be blended - it could be strained. This type will not have the 'blending' requirement. NOTE that ''Sauce'' is a ''Condiment' - so this type can be used for foods with the consistency of a 'sauce' but that are not actually condiments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'puree' in WordNet: 1. puree - (food prepared by cooking and straining or processed in a blender) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantProduct, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :SemiSolidSubstance . :Pureeing :wnsense "puree1v" ; :wordnet "puree" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Pureeing'' is the act of processing some solid material in a ''Blender'' to make a 'Puree' Corresponds to *part* of verb sense 1 of 'puree' (for pureeing in a Blender) in WordNet: 1. puree, strain - (rub through a strainer or process in an electric blender; 'puree the vegetables for the baby') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlendingInaBlender, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Puree ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidFoodObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Purgative :isUsedToTreat :Constipation ; :stimulates :Defecating ; :wnsense "aperient1n", "cathartic1n", "physic1n", "purgative1n" ; :wordnet "aperient", "cathartic", "physic", "purgative" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purgative' in Wordnet: 1. purgative, cathartic, physic, aperient - (a purging medicine; stimulates evacuation of the bowels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Defecating ; owl:onProperty :stimulates ] . :Purifying a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type of 'purify' is also an 'increase' in the concentration (weight percentage) of the thing that is being purified. BUT this is not necessarily a ''CleaningEvent'' because it does not necessarily reverse a ''Dirtying'' - a natural product can be purified from a naturally occurring mixture. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :IncreaseEvent, :ProcessingSomething, :RemovingSomething, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impurity ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :Puritan :guid "bda2d60c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Puritan1n" ; :wordnet "Puritan" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of members of a 16th and 17th century Protestant group in England and New England opposing as unscriptural the ceremonial worship and the prelacy of the Church of England. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Puritan' in WordNet: 1. Puritan - (a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtestantPerson . :Purple :CYC "PurpleColor" ; :guid "fcc4ded4-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "purple" ; :wnsense "purple1adj" ; :wordnet "purple" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Color that has tints of both Reddish and Bluish. CYC 'PurpleColor': The color purple RHW 'purple': 1. any color having components of both red and blue, such as lavender, esp. one deep in tone. NOTE that WordNet does not distinguish purple and violet; in COSMO violet has a heavier tint of blue than of red: Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'purple' (''Purplish'' is the parent type) in WordNet: 1. (9) purple, violet, purplish - (of a color intermediate between red and blue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Purplish . :Purplish :wnsense "purplish1adj" ; :wordnet "purplish" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$PurpleColor. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'purplish' in WordNet; 1. purple, violet, purplish - (of a color intermediate between red and blue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bluish, :Reddish . :Purporting :wnsense "purport1v" ; :wordnet "purport" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Purporting'' is a ''Claiming'' that asserts something although that something is questionable.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'purport' in WordNet: 1. (3) purport - (have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming; \"The letter purports to express people's opinion\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Claiming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Allegation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Purpose :wnsense "purpose1n" ; :wordnet "purpose" ; a :GoalType, :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Purpose' is a special subtype of Goal for which an agent requires some Resource. When an agent requires a resource, it is to achieve some Purpose. This use of the term 'Purpose' is more specialized than the common uses, which often overlap with 'Goal'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purpose' in Wordnet: 1. (75) purpose, intent, intention, aim, design - (an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; 'his intent was to provide a new translation'; 'good intentions are not enough'; 'it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs'; 'he made no secret of his designs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goal . :PurposefulAction :en "deliberate act", "deliberate action", "intentional act", "purposeful act" ; :enn "purposeful act" ; :guid "bd589e3f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Action and #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of #$PurposefulAction is an action consciously, volitionally, and purposefully done by (see #$performedBy) at least one actor. COSMO note: to give meaning to this type and its subtypes, it is necessary to give a value to the 'hasIntendedResultOrProduct' restriction. NOTE: ******** Related elements in the ontology are: ****** ''Goal'', ''Purpose'', ''DesiredFutureSituation'', ''GoalSituation'' , ''desires'', ''Intention''. Whether one uses: hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasPurpose hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires IN ADDITION: for actions that involve physical motion (not just mental activity), the subtype ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' is used. That concept involves additional relations, including those important for *Robotics* For contrast see ''Automatic'' Depends on whether one wants to represent the Intentions of an Agent, an Agent's goal for a specific action, or just the state desired or just an object desired. In SUMO, equivalent to 'IntentionalProcess'. SUMO: A Process (Event) that has a specific purpose for the 'IntentionalAgent' who performs it.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ConsciousActivity, :FunctionalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intentional ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntendedResult :SituationProcessEventOrState :FunctionalProcess :EventType :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :PurposefulInaction :en "doing nothing", "purposeful inaction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of 'PurposefulAction' in which a 'IntentionalAgent' intentionally refrains from doing something that s/he might have done, whether temporarily (Delaying, Waiting) or permanently. See the subtype 'Refraining' for more specific inaction. This is a subtype of Action because in COSMO an intentional refraining from some Action is also an Action. This Action may stand by itself unrelated to other actions. For the case where an Agent does not act on some item in a list of items, use ''SkippingOverSomething'' which may be intentional or unintentional. NOTE that a ''PurposefulInaction'' is also classified as a subtype of ''PerformingSomeAction'', since a stative event (''Persistentstate'') is also an ''Event'', and an intentional inaction is also an ''Action''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvoidanceAction, :Inactivity, :PerformingSomeAction, :PersistentState . :PurposefulMentalActivity :guid "c14de554-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The intersection of #$StrictlyMentalEvent and #$PurposefulAction, and also a specialization of #$IntentionalMentalEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event involving intentional mental activity on the part of at least one performer (see #$performedBy). Solving a math problem (cf. #$DoingMath), planning an attack and performing a thought experiment (cf. #$ThoughtExperimenting) are all examples of #$PurposefulMentalActivity. However, daydreaming or having undesired obsessive thoughts are not examples. A borderline example might be arriving at the solution to a math problem in one's sleep after intentionally working on the problem during the previous day.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntentionalMentalEvent . :PurposefulPhysicalAction :en "intentional physical action", "purposeful physical action" ; :enn "intentional physical action", "purposeful physical action" ; :guid "beb39562-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvents that are performed purposively (see #$performedBy). This collection is the collection-intersection of #$PurposefulAction and #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent. Since each instance of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction is also an instance of #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, each instance has both a mental and a physical component. Driving a car would be an instance of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction since it involves mental and physical functioning on the part of the performing agent and is done purposively. Crashing a car, conversely, would not normally be an instance (unless the driver purposefully caused the crash) COSMO NOTE: A ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' is an action that involve physical motion (not just mental activity), In addition to motivations and effects related to a ''PurposefulAction'' a ''PurposefulPhysicalAction'' includes relatons to other concepts that are important for *Robotics*. These include both the motons that need to be taken to achieve the desired effect, and the perceptions and sensations, especially the 'touch' feedback that will be experienced by a Robot when performing the physical action. These relations will only be properly represented when an FOL version of COSMO can be developed that includes functional relations that call robotic procedures or receive information from sensors. Among the feedback sensations would be: vision: to see the effects and adjust the action if necessary touch: to determine if the pressure exerted is enough or too much, depending on the object being manipulated. The pressures can come from and be perceived by any part of an object being manipulated, and the direction and magnitude of the pressure can be an important feedback element. Hearing: generating sounds may be a part of the intended effect, or if not, may provide a warning of an unintended side-effect. Smell: uncommon but possible generation of odors may be an intended effect, or may be an unintended side-effect. In some Actions, the odor may be an important intended effect, such as in manufacturing of fragrances or of fragrant foods. Taste: Determining the taste of some substance may be, as in food preparation, an intended part of the purpose. In other Actions involving substances, the taste may be used as one method of detecting whether some substance is present or absent. As part of this, the presence or absence of substances will be an important part of chemical analytical procedures. Whether or not such substance-detection can be viewed as a subtype of 'tasting' has not been considered yet - depends on whether taste is specific for animal tase buds. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, :PurposefulAction . :Purse :guid "bd58bacd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bag4n", "handbag1n", "pocketbook4n", "purse1n" ; :wordnet "bag", "handbag", "pocketbook", "purse" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small WomensBag bag typically carried by a woman to hold things that they may need while away from home, such as cosmetics, money, credit cards, whatever. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'purse' in Wordnet: 1. (5) bag, handbag, pocketbook, purse - (a container used for carrying money and small personal items or accessories (especially by women); 'she reached into her bag and found a comb') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :SomethingToWear, :WomensBag, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCarry ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compact ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCarry ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakeupObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCarry ] . :Pursuing :en "pursuing" ; :wnsense "pursue3v", "pursuit1n" ; :wordnet "pursue", "pursuit" ; a :MotionType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The general action in which an animal (including people) try to find an animal or person that is trying to keep ahead or elude capture, often with the purpose of capturing it; the Pursuing Event includes the Capturing phase, if a capture is intended and is successful. A 'Pursuing' can be a hunter (or photographer) tracking an animal, by following a trail or by looking in places where the animal is likely to be; for hunting and animal with the intention of capturing or killing it, use the subtype 'Hunting'. This can also be the activity of a police detective trying to locate a subject, involving paperwork and desk work, and also of physical pursuit. This also includes recreational pursuing, as in a game of hide-and-seek. NOTE: the difference between 'Pursuing' and 'ChasingSomething' is that the latter is a purely physical action, requiring motion in the direction of the object chased, whereas 'Pursuing' may or may not include an actual physical motion in the direction of an object; a policeman may 'pursue' a criminal largely by searching for information on his/her whereabouts. SUMO; The class of IntentionalProcesses where something is sought. Some examples would be hunting, shopping, trawling, and stalking. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'pursue' in WordNet, but is only for pursuing physical objects (including people), and does not include 'pursuing' abstract things like hobbies: in WordNet: 3. (6) quest for, go after, quest after, pursue - (go in search of or hunt for; 'pursue a hobby') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :FollowingMotion, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :Searching, :TrappingOrPursuing . :Pus :guid "bd58c6e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "festering2n", "ichor2n", "purulence2n", "pus2n", "sanies1n", "suppuration2n" ; :wordnet "festering", "ichor", "purulence", "pus", "sanies", "suppuration" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYCthe thick opaque white fluid containing white blood cells (leucocytes) that is secreted from bacterial infections on the skin. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pus' in WordNet: 2. pus, purulence, suppuration, ichor, sanies, festering - (a fluid product of inflammation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyFluid, :OrganicSubstance, :Secretion-Bodily, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WhiteBloodCell ; owl:onProperty :contains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflammation ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BacterialInfection ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :PushingEvent :ldoce "push" ; :wnsense "push1n", "push1v", "pushing1n" ; :wordnet "push", "pushing" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PushingEvent is a ForceTransmissionEvent in which one object is touching another, and by the first object causing itself to move toward the other object, causes the other object to move. A push may be brief or continuous. This sense requires that the object move: to 'push on' something without moving it is a 'ForceTransmissionEvent'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pushing' and verb sense 1 of 'push' in WordNet: WN 'pushing': 1. (4) push, pushing - (the act of applying force in order to move something away; 'he gave the door a hard push'; 'the pushing is good exercise') WN verb 'push': 1. (56) push, force - (move with force, 'He pushed the table into a corner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PullingOrPushingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PushingPhenomenon ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :PushingPhenomenon :en "propulsive force", "pushing force" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PushingPhenomenon'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' exerted by one PhysicalObject on another that causes the second object to either move, or (if fixed in place) to experience a compressive effect experienced as a pressure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PushingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :PussyWillow :en "pussy-willow" ; :wnsense "pussy willow1n" ; :wordnet "pussy willow" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pussy willow' in WordNet: 1. (1) pussy willow, Salix discolor - (small willow of eastern North America having greyish leaves and silky catkins that come before the leaves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WillowTree . :Pustule :wnsense "pustule1n" ; :wordnet "pustule" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small imple containing ''Pus'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pustule' in WordNet: 1. pustule - (a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus; a blister filled with pus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyRegion, :Pimple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pus ; owl:onProperty :contains ] . :Putter :wnsense "putter2n", "putting iron1n" ; :wordnet "putter", "putting iron" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Putter'' is a ''GolfClub'' with a relatively flat face designed to be used in ''Putting'' on the ''PuttingGreen''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'putter' in WordNet: 2. putter, putting iron - (the iron normally used on the putting green) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GolfIron, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Putting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Puttering :wnsense "potter2v", "putter1v" ; :wordnet "potter", "putter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Puttering'' is a ''BeingBusy'' with minor tasks not requiring hard work or intense concentration Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'putter' in WordNet: 1. potter, putter - (work lightly; 'The old lady is pottering around in the garden') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingBusy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EasyToDo ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Putting :wnsense "putt1n", "putting1n" ; :wordnet "putt", "putting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Putting'' is a''HittingaGolfballWithaClub'' where the ''GolfClub''used is a 'Putter''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'putting' in WordNet: 1. putt, putting - (hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter; 'his putting let him down today; he didn't sink a single putt over three feet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingaGolfballWithaClub, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Putter ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PuttingGreen ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaGolfGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :PuttingFoodOnaPlate a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'PuttingFoodOnaPlate' is a 'ProcessComponentEvent' that is the last event (transition) of a 'CookingFood' Event, resulting in a 'MealIsReady' stage. This type can be used for putting the food anywhere, even in a bin at a buffet or barbecue, wherever the finished food is available for the diners.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ProcessStep, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CookingFood ] . :PuttingGreen :wnsense "green6n", "putting green1n" ; :wordnet "green", "putting green" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PuttingGreen'' is an oval piece of mostly level land in a GolfCourse that has the 'hole' that is the target for the GolfBall, and has thick grass mowed very short to allow the GolfBall to be propelled and roll smoothly with little drag. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'putting green' in WordNet: 1. green, putting green - (an area of closely cropped grass surrounding the hole on a golf course; 'the ball rolled across the green and into the trap') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandSite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfCourse ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Turf ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elliptical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grassy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Putting ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ] . :PuttingGreenCup :wnsense "cup6n" ; :wordnet "cup" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PuttingGreenCup'' or 'hole' is an artificial ''Hole'' in the surface of a ''PuttingGreen'' into which the GolfBall must be propelled to complete one 'hole' of Golf and determine the score (the number of strokes required to put the ball into the cup).. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'cup' in WordNet: 6. (3) cup - (the hole (or metal container in the hole) on a golf green; 'he swore as the ball rimmed the cup and rolled away'; 'put the flag back in the cup') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :OpenTopContainer, :Opening, :Target, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PuttingGreen ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :PuttingIntoMemory :ldoce "remember" ; :wnsense "remember2v" ; :wordnet "remember" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PuttingIntoMemory' is an Action in which a cognitive agent acquires and holds some information in memory for some period of time, whether short-term or long-term. This includes both holding something in one's active attention span - short-term memory - and holding it in long-term memory from which it can be recalled into short-term memory. Every instance of 'PuttingIntoMemory' causes a 'HavingInMemory' state. For the act of storing something in **long-term memory**, use the subtype 'Memorizing'. NOTE that this includes only the act of acquiring information. The state of retaining information for some period of time is rerpresented separately as 'HavingInMemory'. In COSMO Acts related to memory are divided into stages: 1. PuttingIntoMemory - acquiring a memory, short or long-term 2. HavingInMemory - having something in short term memory, or in long-term memory from which it can be recalled into short-term memory 3. Remembering - recalling something from long-term to short-term memory, i.e. bringing it from outside of current consciousness into the current consciousness. States 1 and 3 have subtypes. 'Forgetting' reverses the effect of 'PuttingIntoMemory'. The result of 'PuttingIntoMemory' will be the state 'HavingInMemory' and some mental object 'Memory'. NOTE that unlike 'Memorizing' this is not necessarily an act of 'Learning' because information acquired in short-term memory may not persist long enough to be cosidered as 'learned' information. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntentionalMentalEvent, :SingleDoerAction, :StrictlyMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingInMemory ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Memory ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :PuttingOnAClothingItem :SUMO "PuttingOnClothing" ; :guid "bd58cd7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "assume9v", "don1v", "get into5v", "put on1v", "wear9v" ; :wordnet "assume", "don", "get into", "put on", "wear" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$PuttingOnAClothingItem is an event in which some wearable item is donned. Such an event may be performed either by the wearer or by someone else (e.g., putting on a horse's bridle or a child's mittens). After an instance of #$PuttingOnAClothingItem occurs, there exists an instance of #$WearingSomething (q.v.); namely, the situation in which the item donned is #$wornOn the body of the wearer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'put on' in WordNet: 1. (18) wear, put on, get into, don, assume - (put clothing on one's body; 'What should I wear today?'; 'He put on his best suit for the wedding'; 'The princess donned a long blue dress'; 'The queen assumed the stately robes'; 'He got into his jeans') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, :CoveringSomething, :HumanActivity, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :WearingSomething ] . :PuttingSomethingDown :en "put something down" ; :eng "putting something down" ; :ldoce "lay" ; :wnsense "place down1v", "put down1v", "set down4v" ; :wordnet "place down", "put down", "set down" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere' in which an Agent guides a PhysicalObject object onto a surface where it rests, at least for some interval of time. The restriction requires that the Object layed down be specified. The rate of this action an vary from gentle to rapid and rough. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'put down'. This is for solid physical objects that are heavy enough to remain still on some solid supporting surface. For abstract objects, use the more general 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere'. For the more specific sense of laying something horizontally, use 'LayingSomethingHorizontally' in WordNet: 1. (6) set down, put down, place down - (cause to sit or seat or be in a settled position or place; 'set down your bags here') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HorizontalTopSurface ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething :guid "c1154ac2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this includes the notion of creating packages using some wrapping material, and putting things on an open shelf as well as for putting things into a container. See 'Packing' for more common specific types. Another subtype is 'InjectingOrInfusing'. Cyc: A specialization of #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere (q.v.). Each instance of #$PuttingSomethingIntoSomething is an event in which an instance of #$Agent guides a moving object into a new location.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inserting . :PuttingSomethingIntoStorage :causes :StorageOfSomething ; :en "storing", "storing things" ; :guid "bd589a8f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "store" ; :wnsense "hive away1v", "lay in1v", "put in3v", "salt away1v", "stack away1v", "stash away1v", "store1v", "store2v" ; :wordnet "hive away", "lay in", "put in", "salt away", "stack away", "stash away", "store" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'PuttingSomethingIntoStorage' is the Action of putting something into a 'location' where it is intended to be stored, for at least a little while. The storage location would be one that is usually used for storage, whether it is open like a book shelf, or locked like a safe, or relatively accessible like a desk drawer. The act of maintaining an item in its storage location is represented as 'StorageOfSomething'. NOTE that this is general and the thing stored can be a substance, including abstract substances such as ''Information''. Cyc: A specialization of #$LocatingInIntendedPosition and #$TakingCareOfSomething. Each instance of #$StoringSomething is an event in which an agent puts some #$PartiallyTangible in a safe place for later use. NOTE The WN synsets for 'store' senses 1 and 2 have the same parent and there appears to be no distinction between putting something into storage and keeping it in storage. Sense 1 of 'store' is represented in COSMO both in ''PuttingSomethingIntoStorage'' and for the resulting ''PersistentState'' 'StorageOfSomething''. The distinction in linguistic usage will need careful look at the examples. Corresponds to part of verb senses 1 and 2 of 'store' and noun sense 1 of 'storage' in WordNet; in WordNet: 1. (18) store, hive away, lay in, put in, salt away, stack away, stash away - (keep or lay aside for future use; 'store grain for the winter'; 'The bear stores fat for the period of hibernation when he doesn't eat') 2. (11) store - (find a place for and put away for storage; 'where should we stow the vegetables?'; 'I couldn't store all the books in the attic so I sold some') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocatingInIntendedPosition, :Preserving, :TakingCareOfSomething, :Translation-SingleTrajectory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StorageOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :PuttingSomethingIntoTheMouth :en "putting something into the mouth" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PuttingSomethingIntoTheMouth''is the act of inserting some Object (liquid or solid) into the Mouth of an Animal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :isIntoInteriorOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :PuttingSomethingSomewhere :eng "placing", "putting" ; :guid "c1269f73-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "place", "put" ; :wnsense "emplacement2n", "locating1n", "location2n", "place1v", "placement3n", "position10n", "positioning1n", "put1v" ; :wordnet "emplacement", "locating", "location", "place", "placement", "position", "positioning", "put" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO NOTE: although Cyc documentation says that the agent must guide the object throughout its translational motion, in COSMO this type is used to include 'putting' actions such as pouring, dropping from a short distance, or spraying a substance from inside a container to a short distance away, or actions by machines such as 'Printing'. The important part of this concept is that the agent can see or otherwise control (e.g. by mechanical constraints) the location where the thing is being put, and can closely control destination, and that the thing being put is intended to stay put for at least a short time to accomplish a purpose - even putting salt on food to eat it. A 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere' may initiate a 'StorageOfSomething'. Cyc: A collection of events. An instance of #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere is an event in which an #$Agent-Generic guides a moving object to a new location. This #$Agent-Generic is often, but not always, the #$providerOfMotiveForce in the event. The #$Agent-Generic\", or some instrument under its control, must accompany the #$objectMoving along its #$motionPathway-Complete. For example, someone lifting a crate, or steering a car, and placing it in some location (e.g., a garage), carries out an instance of #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere. The #$providerOfMotiveForce and the #$objectMoving (the focal object moving) must be distinct. COSMO note: from this description, it is unclear why a 'TransportationEvent' would not be a subtype of 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere', but it doesn't seem to be. So we will interpret this as meaning that the Agent (a person presumably) must be actively involved, if not in direct handling of the 'something', then in manipulating some small device with which the agent puts the something somewhere, *** without moving from a specific position ***. Perhaps the largest 'putting' would be moving earth with a steam shovel while seated in the control cab, but moving pallets with a forklift would be a TransportationEvent, since the forklift would move the person and packages. In SUMO called simply 'Putting' (not to be confused with the Golf activity). SUMO: The Class of Processes where something is put in a location. Note that the location is specified with the CaseRole 'destination'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'put' in WordNet: 1. (691) put, set, place, pose, position, lay - (put into a certain place or abstract location; 'Put your things here'; 'Set the tray down'; 'Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children'; 'Place emphasis on a certain point') WN noun 'placement': 3. (1) placement, location, locating, position, positioning, emplacement - (the act of putting something in a certain place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :GuidingAMovingObject, :Translation-Complete, :Translation-LocationChange . :PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution :wnsense "charge10v", "commit3v", "institutionalise1v", "institutionalize1v", "send7v" ; :wordnet "charge", "commit", "institutionalise", "institutionalize", "send" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''PuttingaPersonIntoAnInstitution'' is the Action of transferring a Person into some 'institution' which can be medical or psychological or penological. This can be used for prople going voluntarily into an institution, and the 'Agent' doing this Action can be the Person who eners the Institution. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'commit' in WordNet: 3. (3) commit, institutionalize, institutionalise, send, charge - (cause to be admitted; of persons to an institution; 'After the second episode, she had to be committed'; 'he was committed to prison') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ] . :Putty :wnsense "putty1n" ; :wordnet "putty" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'putty' in WordNet: 1. putty - (a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil; used especially to patch woodwork or secure panes of glass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adhesive, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinseedOil ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :PuttyColor :guid "a38bfad6-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :Puzzle-Generic :guid "bd61de93-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "puzzle1n" ; :wordnet "puzzle" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Puzzle-Generic' can be a PhysicalObject (''Puzzle-TangibleProduct'') or an AbstractObject (''ProblemToBeSolved''). The AbstractObject 'puzzle' can be a MentalObject that is a set of assertions describing a situation,plus a question,plus an assertion that the question has an answer (the 'solution'). The collection of all puzzles, i.e., instances of #$Artifact-Generic that have a 'solution' one has to figure out, and which are intended to provide diversion or serve as a test of intellect. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'puzzle' in WordNet: 1. puzzle, puzzler, mystifier, teaser - (a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution; 'he loved to solve chessmate puzzles'; 'that's a real puzzler') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ProblemToBeSolved :Puzzle-TangibleProduct ) ] . :Puzzle-TangibleProduct :guid "bf6490b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "puzzle2n" ; :wordnet "puzzle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of objects (often toys) that test one's ingenuity. An example is #$JigsawPuzzle. See #$Puzzle-Generic for a broader sense of 'puzzle' and #$Puzzle-CW for the #$ConceptualWorks. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'puzzle' in WordNet: 2. puzzle - (a toy that tests your ingenuity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plaything, :Puzzle-Generic, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemToBeSolved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoyment ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce ] . :Puzzled :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Perplexing ; :wnsense "at a loss1adj", "nonplused1n", "nonplussed1adj", "puzzled1adj", "stuck2adj" ; :wordnet "at a loss", "nonplused", "nonplussed", "puzzled", "stuck" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Puzzled'' is an intensive level of ''Baffled'' This is used for lack of understanding an issue, or for inability to find a solution to a problem. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'puzzled' in Wordnet: 1. (4) at a loss, nonplused, nonplussed, puzzled - (filled with bewilderment; 'at a loss to understand those remarks'; 'puzzled that she left without saying goodbye') WN adj sense 2 of 'stuck': 2. stuck - (baffled; 'this problem has me completely stuck') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perplexed . :Pylon :guid "c0f49183-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pylon2n" ; :wordnet "pylon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: a (usually steel) tower used for support. See subtype 'powe pylon' for the more specific type. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'pylon' in WordNet: 2. pylon, power pylon - (a large vertical steel tower supporting high-tension power lines; \"power pylons are a favorite target for terrorists\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingObject, :Tower . :Pyramid :wnsense "pyramid1n" ; :wordnet "pyramid" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an abstract shape, not a physical object. It is a Polyhedron, but it can have 4 or 5 sides (triangular base or rectangular base). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pyramid' in Wordnet: 1. pyramid - (a polyhedron having a polygonal base and triangular sides with a common vertex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polyhedron, :ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical . :Pyridine :containsChemicalElement :Nitrogen ; :guid "a434aabe-a012-41d7-8a1b-80180eec5b55" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Stinky ; :wnsense "pyridine1n" ; :wordnet "pyridine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$OrganicCompound. Each instance of this collection is a sample of N(CH)4CH. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pyridine' in WordNet: 1. pyridine - (a toxic colorless flammable liquid organic base with a disagreeable odor; usually derived from coal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AromaticCompound, :OrganicCompound . :Pyrite :guid "bf68e578-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fool's gold1n", "iron pyrite1n", "pyrite1n" ; :wordnet "fool's gold", "iron pyrite", "pyrite" ; a :NaturalResourceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pyrite' in WordNet: 1. pyrite, iron pyrite, fool's gold - (a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :SolidSubstance . :Pyroclastic :isAnAttributeValueOf :VolcanicRock ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Used for ''Rock''s - also for ''Stone'' substances?? RHW adj. 'pyroclastic': composed chiefly of fragments of volcanic origin, as agglomerate, tuff, and certain other rocks; volcaniclastic. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clastic . :Pyrogen :wnsense "pyrogen1n" ; :wordnet "pyrogen" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'Pyrogen' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that can cause an increase in body temperature in some animal, mostly relevant to human medicine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pyrogen' in WordNet: 2. pyrogen, pyrectic - (any substance that can cause a rise in body temperature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighBodyTemperature ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :PyrotechnicDevice :guid "be305259-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pyrotechnic1n" ; :wordnet "pyrotechnic" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Device-OneTimeUse and #$ExplosiveDevice. Each instance of #$PyrotechnicDevice is a manufactured item that contains a portion of #$PyrotechnicMaterial and whose purpose is to use combustion processes to propell objects, create visual displays, or create sonic effects. The term has been used more broadly so as to include military ordnance, but the present sense means to exclude weapons. Any sort of fireworks count as pyrotechnic devices in the present sense, as do stationary and airborne signal flares, including those intended for military use. COSMO note: this includes flares such as 'railroad flares) used as warning signals, and pinwheels and other ground-based flaring pyrotechnics, so it is not necessarily an explosive device. This is the generic pyrotechnic, but those used for entertainment in displays are the subtype ''Firework-PyrotechnicDevice''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pyrotechnic' in WordNet: 1. firework, pyrotechnic - ((usually plural) a device with an explosive that burns at a low rate and with colored flames; can be used to illuminate areas or send signals etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CombustionDevice . :Python :guid "bd589350-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "python1n" ; :wordnet "python" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: any of several Old World boa constrictors of the subfamily Pythoninae, often growing to a length of more than 20 ft. (6 m): the Indian python, Python molurus, is endangered. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'python' in Wordnet: 1. (3) python - (large Old World boas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constrictor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :PythonProgrammingLanguage :en "Python" ; :enn "Python" ; a :ProgrammingLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ """ . :Qatar :wnsense "Qatar1n" ; :wordnet "Qatar" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Qatar' in WordNet: 1. Qatar, State of Qatar, Katar, State of Katar - (an Arab country on the peninsula of Qatar; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; the economy is dominated by oil) """ . :Quack :en "quacking" ; :isEmittedBy :Duck ; :wnsense "quack1v", "quack2n" ; :wordnet "quack" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'Quacking' sound made by a ''Duck''. This is an Event of 'quacking' that includes the transmission of the quacking sound. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'quack' in Wordnet: 1. (1) quack - (utter quacking noises; 'The ducks quacked') WN noun 'quack' 2. quack - (the harsh sound of a duck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :Quad :wnsense "quad4n" ; :wordnet "quad" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Building'' is a ''Courtyard'' surrounded on four sides by two or more ''Building''s, with no streets inside it. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'quad' in WordNet: 4. quad, quadrangle - (a rectangular area surrounded on all sides by buildings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Courtyard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectangle ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Quadrilateral :guid "be7e6582-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "quadrilateral1n" ; :wordnet "quadrilateral" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all four-sided polygons, whether spatially-localized or abstract. SUMO: Any four-sided Polygon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quadrilateral' in Wordnet: 1. quadrilateral, quadrangle, tetragon - (a four-sided polygon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polygon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasNumberOfSides ] . :Quadruped :wnsense "quadruped1n" ; :wordnet "quadruped" ; a :AgentType, :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Animal with four legs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quadruped' in Wordnet: 1. quadruped - (an animal especially a mammal having four limbs specialized for walking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FourLegs ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :Quadruple :wnsense "four-fold1adj", "fourfold2adj", "quadruple1adj", "quadruple2adj", "quadruplex1adj", "quadruplicate1adj" ; :wordnet "fourfold", "quadruple", "quadruplex", "quadruplicate" ; a :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'quadruple' in Wordnet: 1. quadruple, quadruplicate, quadruplex, fourfold, four-fold - (having four units or components; 'quadruple rhythm has four beats per measure'; 'quadruplex wire') 2. quadruple, fourfold, four-fold - (four times as great or many; 'a fourfold increase in the dosage') """ . :Quadruplet :wnsense "quad1n", "quadruplet2n" ; :wordnet "quad", "quadruplet" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quadruplet'' is one of a Group of four ''BiologicalSibling''s born from the same mother in a single pregnancy (usually within one period of twenty-four hours). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quadruplet' in WordNet: 2. quadruplet, quad - (one of four children born at the same time from the same pregnancy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalSibling, :MalePerson . :Quaffing :eng "gulping", "quaffing" ; :wnsense "gulp1v", "quaff1v", "swig2v" ; :wordnet "gulp", "quaff", "swig" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Quaffing'' is a 'DrinkingEvent'' in which one or a small number of 'swallow's are taken in, quickly. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quaff' in WordNet: 1. gulp, quaff, swig - (to swallow hurriedly or greedily or in one draught; 'The men gulped down their beers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingEvent, :Swallowing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Quaint a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Quaint'' is a term used in several related senses, being unusual in various ways. This sense is for something that is pleasing to look at, in part due to its being uncommon. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'quaint' in Wordnet: 1. (3) quaint - (strange in an interesting or pleasing way; 'quaint dialect words'; 'quaint streets of New Orleans, that most foreign of American cities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrequencyAttributeValue, :Strange . :Qualification :takesValue :Qualified ; :wnsense "making2n", "qualification1n" ; :wordnet "making", "qualification" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Qualification'' is a subtype of ''Suitableness'' applying to a Person, with respect to some Position or Task, being the state of a Person who is ''Qualified'' for some job or task or responsibility. The kind of 'qualification' that can be 'possessed' by a Person are, for example, 'Credentials' (degree, license) or experience, or a GPA or score on some test. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'qualification' in WordNet: 1. (8) qualification, making - (an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something; 'her qualifications for the job are excellent'; 'one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree'; 'she has the makings of fine musician') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suitableness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPossessedBy ] . :Qualified :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :BeingQualified ; :wnsense "qualified1adj" ; :wordnet "qualified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Qualified'' is an AttributeValue of things that have attributes that 'qualify' them to do specific things because they conform to some criteria established by some authority. e.g. Having a driving license make one qualified to drive a vehicle Having related experience makes one qualified to be hired for a job. See also related property'isSkilledAt' that does not require an authority to determine qualifcations. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'qualified' in WordNet: 1. (2) qualified - (meeting the proper standards and requirements and training for an office or position or task; 'many qualified applicants for the job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suitable . :Qualified-Limited :wnsense "qualified2adj" ; :wordnet "qualified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Qualified'' is an AttributeValue characterizing assertions or agreements to specify that they were not intended to be absolutely true without reservations. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'qualified' in Wordnet: 2. (1) qualified - (limited or restricted; not absolute; 'gave only qualified approval') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limited . :Qualitative :isTheOppositeOf :Qualitative ; :pertainsTo :Attribute, :QualitativeAttributeValue, :Quality ; :wnsense "qualitative1adj", "qualitative2adj" ; :wordnet "qualitative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''\"Qualitative'' describes qualities or attributes that are not expressed in quantitative terms. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'qualitative' in Wordnet: 1. (6) qualitative - (involving distinctions based on qualities; 'qualitative change'; 'qualitative data'; 'qualitative analysis determines the chemical constituents of a substance or mixture') 2. qualitative - (relating to or involving comparisons based on qualities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :QualitativeAttributeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """QualitativeAttributeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for taste attributes and an argument restriction for some relations on QualitativeAttributeValues This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType . :QualitativeAttributeValue :ldoce "value" ; :wnsense "attribute2n", "value1n" ; :wordnet "attribute", "value" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A QualitativeAttributeValue is the value of some AttributeType which is not expressed in quantitative measures. NOTE: without an objective quantitative measure, the meaning of many QualitativeAttributeValues can be very sensitive to context, in particular the type of thing that is being modified by the QualitativeAttributeValue, or the agent assigning the attribute (such as evaluative attributes - 'beauty is in the eye of the beholder'). @ToDO: it may be possible to specify some subtypes of QualitativeAttributeValue that are not context-sensitive (perhaps colors), but an analysis of this question has not yet (rev833) been performed. **COSMO/CYC note: In CYC attributes are represented by types representing things that *have* those attributes ('ThingWithAttribute'). Computationally this provides two advantages, it keeps attributes as types, allowing subtypes, but also allows specifying *implications* of possessing a given attribute by relations on the 'ThingWithAttribute'. COSMO keeps attributes as conceptually separate from the 'ThingWithAttribute'. However, The Protege logic does not infer parent Attributes when a subattribute is attributed to something. That can be done in an FOL version. COSMO also has a type of 'ThingWithAttribute', and where needed a subtype with a particular attribute can be created to allow similar implications to those for CYC attributes. For certain types of implications, special relations can be created on AttributeValues that can specify such implications without creating the corresponding 'ThingWithAttribute' type. One example is: ''eventWithCauses'' to specify that an Event that has the subject attribute causes another Event. Also the relation ''perceivingCausesMentalEvent'' can be used with Objects as well as Events as the first (subject) argument, but the second (object) argument of the relation is restricted to a ''MentalEvent'' (such as an emotion). A ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' can be an attribute of an abstract thing or of a concrete physical object. NOTE that adjectives expressing qualities in English often have a nominalized form: 'Red-Redness' or 'Beautiful-Beauty'. When linguistically to 'have @Att-nom' (@Att-nom is the nominalized form of an attribute) is the same as 'to be @Att' where @Att is the adjectival form, the concept will be represented only once, usually in the adjectival form, and nominalized form needs to be referenced to the adjectival by the linguistic processor. Corresponds most closely to part of noun sense 1 of 'value'and includes noun sense 2 of 'attribute' in WordNet: 1. (73) value - (a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; 'the value assigned was 16 milliseconds') WN noun 'attribute': 2. (1) attribute - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :QualitativePriceValue a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each QualitativePriceValue represents some qualitative description of a price - mostly 'expensive', 'inexpensive' and related terms.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :QualitativelyOpposite :ldoce "opposite" ; :wnsense "opposite4adj" ; :wordnet "opposite" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'QualitativelyOpposite' is an AttributeValue of something that is one of two conventionally paired qualities that are considered as contrasting, as male and female, light and dark; this AttributeValue is the one that is used to represent the sense of words that are 'opposite' in meaning, such as good and bad, right and wrong, success and failure, that are not included in 'LocatedOpposite' and 'DirectedOpposite'. this notionis expressed by the relation: 'isTheOppositeOf' Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'opposite' in WordNet: 4. (3) opposite - (the other one of a complementary pair; 'the opposite sex'; 'the two chess kings are set up on squares of opposite colors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Quality :wnsense "property3n", "quality1n" ; :wordnet "property", "quality" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Quality'' is the parent type for subtypes that express 'having an attribute' in nominalized form, usually labeled as the nominalized form of an adjective, or of some synonym of an adjective (where the nominalized form may be used to label something else). Thus ''Elegance'': isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute; (is the nominalized form of) attribute ''Elegant''. **NOTE** For various reasons it is easier to create logical relations among qualities and attributes when a ''Quality'' is interpreted as being a 'PersistentState''; something that has a Quality can be viewed as being in a ''PersistentState'' and therefore is the subject of that state. In effect to 'have' a Quality' is to 'Do' a Quality - a bit weird linguisticaly, but it works logically for the English language versus logic. Maybe there will be a better fit between the linguistics and the logic while still trying to differentiate a ''Quality'' from an ''Attributevalue''. Not yet obvious. Any suggestions?? Corresponds *approximately* (but see note above) to noun sense 1 of 'quality' and sense 3 of 'property' (no obvious difference) in WordNet: 1. (42) quality - (an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone; 'the quality of mercy is not strained' - Shakespeare) WN 'property': 3. (138) property - (a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class; 'a study of the physical properties of atomic particles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType, :PersistentState . :QualityType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''QualityType''is the type for ''Quality'' each subtype of which is a nominalized form of some adjective. See ''Quality'' and its subtypes for more indications of usage. NOTE that ''QualityType' is a subtype of ''EventType'' because things that *have* a quality may also *be* (some AttributeValue) e.g. to have symmetry is to be symmetric. **NOTE** For various reasons it is easier to create logical relations among qualities and attributes when a ''Quality'' is interpreted as being a 'PersistentState''; something that has a Quality can be viewed as being in a ''PersistentState'' and therefore is the subject of that state. In effect to 'have' a Quality' is to 'Do' a Quality - a bit weird linguisticaly, but it works logically for the English language versus logic. Maybe there will be a better fit between the linguistics and the logic while still trying to differentiate a ''Quality'' from an ''Attributevalue''. Not yet obvious. Any suggestions?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeTypeType, :EventType . :Quantifier a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Quantifier is some numerical or verbal value that specifies or restricts the numerical prefix for a QuantitativeAttributeValue. The simples arre numbers, suc as 3 in the distance measure {3 feet}. A quantifier can also be a range {2 to 4}, such has in{{2 to 4} feet}. A quantifier can also be a number with a variance {3 +- 1}, such has {{3 +- 1} feet}. A quantifier can be verbal, such as 'High', 'Medium' or 'Low' such as {High Intensity}. Quantifiers may have default variances. See: 'hasDefaultVariance' and 'ConfidenceInterval'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quantity . :QuantifierType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'QuantifierType' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Quantifier as their argument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Quantifying :wnsense "measure2v", "quantify2v" ; :wordnet "measure", "quantify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Quantifying'' is a subtype of ''ReexpressingSomething'' in which some Phrase that vaguely refers to something that can be measured as a quantity (a ''VerbalQuantifier'') is replaced by a ''MeasurableQuantity''. NOTE: this sense of 'measure' does *not* apply to any use of measuring equipment; it is only a restatement of some less quantified statement. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'quantify' in WordNet: 2. quantify, measure - (express as a number or measure or quantity; 'Can you quantify your results?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReexpressingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VerbalQuantifier ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MeasurableQuantity ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Quantitative :isTheOppositeOf :Qualitative ; :pertainsTo :Measuring, :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :Quantity ; :wnsense "quantitative1adj", "quantitative2adj" ; :wordnet "quantitative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''\"Quantitative'' describes things - methods or results - that are asociated with ''Measuring'' or ''Quantity''. Includes adjective senses 1 and2 of 'quantitative' in Wordnet: 1. (9) quantitative - (expressible as a quantity or relating to or susceptible of measurement; 'export wheat without quantitative limitations'; 'quantitative analysis determines the amounts and proportions of the chemical constituents of a substance or mixture') 2. (1) quantitative - (relating to the measurement of quantity; 'quantitative studies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :QuantitativeAttributeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """QuantitativeAttributeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for QuantitativeAttributes (length, mass), and an argument restriction for various relations on AttributeType types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType . :QuantitativeAttributeValue :ldoce "value" ; :wnsense "attribute2n", "value1n" ; :wordnet "attribute", "value" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A QuantitativeAttributeValue is a value for some AttributeType which is expressed in quantitative measures, usually consisting of a quantifier and a unit of measure; however, this general type includes not only the traditional two-element measure ('2 feet', '50 degreesC'), but also measure structures that may include related information, e.g. a 'VaporPressure' is structured as a ListPair containing a temperature (at which a pressure is measured) and the PressureMeasure of the substance at that temperature. For pure pairs of numbers and UnitsOfMeasure, use the subtype 'MeasurableQuantity' or (for traditional physical units) use 'PhysicalQuantity'. Examples (using the ESKIF format) are {10 feet} and {32 degreesF}. In formalisms such as OWL that do not have function terms or higher-arity relations, each such QuantitativeAttributeValue must be constructed as an instance that has relations pointing to the quantifier and the UnitOfMeasure. In OWL, where bare numbers are not allowed as labels for elements, the numbers in COSMO are represented using the NamespacePrefix 'N' in front of the number, such as 'N_10' (for 10) (for a range) R_29-30. Each instance of QuantitativeAttributeValue is an 'OrderedPair', the first element of which is a Quantifier (or QuantifierType) and the second element a UnitOfMeasure. A QuantifierType is allowed as a value in order to represent reified ranges of values. See 'GreaterThanHalf' for an example. When an instance of QuantitativeAttributeValue is represented by creating a reified instance, the UnitOfMeasure and the quantifier are specified by using the relations 'hasUnit' and 'hasQuantifier' to specify , respectively. . If an implementation allows use of functions, a QuantitativeAttributeValue can be represented, without reification in the ontology, as a function term such as {25.6 feet} or {N_25.6 feet}, depending on whether the implementation allows bare numbers in expressions. The NamespacePrefix 'N_' can be used for numbers, and 'R_' can be used for NumberRanges. [NOTE the use of curly brackets for this notation, where the traditional function term is the second rather than the first element] Corresponds most closely to part of noun sense 1 of 'value'and includes noun sense 2 of 'attribute' in WordNet: 1. (73) value - (a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; 'the value assigned was 16 milliseconds') WN noun 'attribute': 2. (1) attribute - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :OrderedPair . :QuantitativeData :wnsense "data1n" ; :wordnet "data" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''QuantitativeData'' is a subtype of '''Data'' (a Group of one or more ''Datum''s) produced by ''Measuring'', that describes some ''BandOfValues'' with quantitative attributes pertaining to some measurable Entity(s). Using the term ''BandOfValues'' means that the values are related in some way, usually by pertaining to the same object(s) being measured. This needs to be elaborated in more detail. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'data' in Wordnet: 1. (76) data, information - (a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; 'statistical data') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Data, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Measuring ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :describes ; owl:someValuesFrom :BandOfValues ] . :QuantitativeDifference :ldoce "difference" ; :wnsense "difference1n" ; :wordnet "difference" ; a :DifferenceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'QuantitativeDifference is a 'Difference' between two commensurate quantities. This type of 'Difference' is itself an OrderedPair, but the quantities may be substracted to get a single number, 'NumericalDifference', which may be a pure number or a measure in some units. The first element and second element of a 'QuantitativeDifference' are related by the relations 'isLessThanByQuantity' and 'isMoreThanByQuantity', depending on which is larger and the order of comparison of the elements. Those relations are compacted ternary relations, giving the two element and their difference; to use them perspicuously will require an FOL expresion to point out that the second element of 'QuantityAndDifference' is the same as the 'NumericalDifference' referenced here. This convoluted set of relations is an attempt to covera ll the linguistic uses of 'difference'. For the actual numerical difference between the second and first elements, use 'NumericalDifference' No exact correspondence in WordNet, but this corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'difference': in WordNet: 1. (77) difference - (the quality of being unlike or dissimilar; 'there are many differences between jazz and rock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :haveNumericalDifference ; owl:someValuesFrom :NumericalDifference ] . :QuantitativeTendency a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'QuantitativeTendency' specifies in quantitative terms what is likely to happen to some Entity under certain circumstances. The Laws of Nature (physics, chemistry, biology) can be described in detail using this AttributeValue (e.g. for how a PhysicalObject may behave, or how a Substance may react with other substances). A fully specified 'QuantitativeTendency' asserted for some Entity will relate: the Situation in which the tendency is manifested, the 'SituationProcessEventOrState' or the 'Change' that *may* occur as a result of the Tendency if that Entity in that Situation, the Probability with which that 'SituationProcessEventOrState' or the 'Change' will occur. If the 'QuantitativeTendency' is intended to express a 'LawOfNature', it may also have some 'Equation' used to represent the quantitative relation among the entities. Use the relation 'isDescribedByMathematicalRepresentation' to specify any 'MathematicalRepresentation' (one or more Equations) that express the 'QuantitativeTendency'. If the QuantitativeTendency is a manifestation of a 'LawOfNature', one may use the relation 'manifestsLawOfNature' to specify a named instance of 'LawOfNature' that the 'QuantitativeTendency' describes. @ToDo (v0.66) : a more detailed, or different structure of 'QuantitativeTendency' may be elaborated. This version has has not yet been tested (rev1003). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tendency, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :SituationProcessEventOrState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasLikelyActionOrChange ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasProbability ; owl:someValuesFrom :Probability ] . :Quantity :ldoce "amount", "quantity" ; :wnsense "amount3n", "quantity" ; :wordnet "amount", "quantity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Quantities can be numbers (integer, real, imaginary) or number ranges or approximate numbers, or distributions, or restricted ranges (greater than or less than), or PhysicalQuantities, which are measures, or even ''PhysicalObject''s that serve as a quantitative measure (e.g. ''Load''). The type ''Quantity'' is not disjoint with any other type. Numbers may have different qualitative dimensions (scales), and quantitative comparisons will generally only be meaningful when two numbers are expressed on the same scale. This also includes some verbal 'quantities' that are vaguely defined but some notion of an amount of something - see ''Load''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'quantity' in WordNet: 1. (27) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify) """ . :Quantity-Vector :guid "d1486af2-c84b-41d7-9f57-ddbfa830f6a8" ; :wnsense "vector1n" ; :wordnet "vector" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of all the various vectors. The most important specialization of this collection is #$VectorInterval. For an explanation of vectors please consult that constant. This is for a quantity that is represented as an ordered linear array of values, each representing a value in some dimension. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vector' in WordNet: 1. (13) vector - (a variable quantity that can be resolved into components) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NTupleOfIntervals . :QuantityAndDifference :ldoce "difference" ; :wnsense "difference5n" ; :wordnet "difference" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """each 'QuantityAndDifference' represents the two implied non-domain arguments the relation 'isMoreThanByQuantity' and 'isLessThanByQuantity' (which see). This is an awkward way to represent what is a simple FOL function. The second quantity being compared (the base quantity) is pointed to by the relation 'hasComparedQuantity', and the difference of the two quantities is pointed to by the relation 'hasDifference'. Most closely relates to the meaning of WordNet noun sense 5 of 'difference' as a quantitative measure; the difference is in the 'QuantityAndDifference' object of the relation. in WordNet: 5. remainder, difference - (the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoArgumentValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComparedQuantity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quantity :QuantitativeAttributeValue ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDifference ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quantity :QuantitativeAttributeValue ) ] ] . :QuantityGroup :en "group of quantities" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting exclusively of '''Quantity''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Quantity ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :QuantityOfEnergy :wnsense "energy1n" ; :wordnet "energy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """QuantityOfEnergy is some finite quantity of energy, which is relativistically equivalent to some quantity of mass, and is therefore a subtype of PhysicalObject. Each 'QuantityOfEnergy' is therefore an Object consisting of some quantity of the substance 'Energy'. This can be used to represent quantities such as kilowatt-hours of electricity consumed or produced; or the work required to do some physical task such as lifting a weight; or some number of calories. This is not a Measure, which is a quantity, which is an AbstractEntity. This is some specific quantity of energy, such as the quantity held in some chemical form. The measure of this quantity would be the PhysicalQuantity 'EnergyMeasure'. The datatype relation 'hasMassEquivalent' provides a simple was to specify the conversion tothe mass equivalent. This is highly specialized. For Energy generically see 'Energy'. This representation is analogous to that of 'Money' to a substance, where a quantity of Money is a 'QuantityOfMoney'. Each 'QuantityOfEnergy' is a 'ValuableThing' becuase it can be useful in accomplishing desirable work, and because it may be sold by a power company or cost money (when purchased as electricity). Approximately equivalent to WordNet 'Energy' sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (86) energy - ((physics) the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs; 'energy can take a wide variety of forms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittableObject, :PhysicalObject, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Energy ; owl:onProperty :containsAbstractSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ] . :QuantityOfMoney :FIBO "money amount" ; :ldoce "sum" ; :wnsense "amount of money1n", "amount2n", "sum of money1n", "sum1n" ; :wordnet "amount", "amount of money", "sum", "sum of money" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MoneyObject' is any amount of money in any currency. This type is a subtype of Object, and can behave like an Object in transfers of Money; it is one of the domains of 'hadObjectMoved'. ***NOTE** the difference between 'MoneyMeasure' and this 'QuantityOfMoney': they both look like an amount of money, and the intuitive difference is subtle, but they are logically different. This 'QuantityOfMoney' is an 'Object' that can be transferred, but a 'MoneyMeasure' is an AttributeValue that can be asserted about a 'QuantityOfMoney' but can also relate to a 'price' or 'value' of other Objects. Each 'QuantityOfMoney' fillsTheRole of 'Asset' for some Agent. Corresponds to FIBO 'money amount' : fibo-fnd-acc-cur;MoneyAmount skos-definition: A sum of money. skos-editorialNote: This is an actual sum of money, not the measure of a sum of money in monetary units, although it has the same basic properties (decimal number with a currenct unit). Update 14 June 2011: Renamed from 'Monetary Amount' to 'Money Amount' to make this perhaps clearer. This term here should not be the Referenceable Archetype used to denote monetary amounts as a measure. ACTION: Across the model, all references to 'Money Amount' (which was called 'Monetary Amount' when these were entered), so be the abstract quantity 'Monetary Amount'. The sense of 'sum' is as in 'a tidy sum' meaning a tidy sum of money. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sum' and sense 1 of 'sum_of_money'in WordNet: 1. (12) sum, sum of money, amount, amount of money - (a quantity of money; 'he borrowed a large sum'; 'the amount he had in cash was insufficient') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoneyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asset ; owl:onProperty :canServeInRole ] . :QuantityOfSomething :en "quantity of something", "quantity of stuff" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''QuantityOfSomething''is an ''Object'' that has some associated measure of the amount of stuff (mass or volume of substance or number of objects) of the consituent Substance(s) (Including Information) or Objects. This is a hybrid aggregate of PhysicalObject and Group that has several associated quantitative measures (mass,volume, number) all of which are optional so that a generic 'quantity of something' can be represened and used with other types when the quantities one wants to refer to can be of different types. This is used to represent the specific quantity of substance or objects that may or may not be in a 'container' of some kind - which could even be a shape such as a ''Bar'' (see ''BarOfStuff'' and its subtypes) NOTE: a 'WrappedBar' could also be a ''WrappedPackage''. Quantities of materials suitable for transportation are represented in several different ways in COSMO; Package - WrappedPackage (with wrapping,not in a container) WrappedBarOfStuff (contents = BarOfStuff) ContainerAndContents - Block (no package - mass is enough) subtype: BarOfStuff - StructuralBeam Each of these may have associated with it an explicit description of the quantity of the materials: If the 'something' is a substance, use ''consistsMostlyOfSubstance'' - SubstanceType MassOfSubstance - hasMass - MassMeasure VolumeOfSubstance (if gas, need @density: hasDensityMeasure) hsVolume - VolumeMeasure NOTE: alternative to DensityMeasure: Specifying both Mass and Volume implies density If a NumberOfObjects: hasComponentElement ObjectType owl:cardinality PositiveInteger """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SubstanceType ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MassMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMass ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :VolumeMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasVolume ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ObjectType ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Quantifier ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ] . :QuantityOfStuff :ldoce "amount", "quantity" ; :wnsense "amount3n", "quantity1n" ; :wordnet "amount", "quantity" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''QuantityOfStuff'' is any measurable quantity (of countable objects or of a substance), used to answers questions like: 'how many boxes are left?' 'how much sugar should I put into your coffee?' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'measure', sense 3 of 'amount' and sense 1 of 'quantity' in WordNet: 3. (7) measure, quantity, amount - (how much there is of something that you can quantify) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Measurement ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :QuantityType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''QuantityType'' is a metatype whose insances are quantities that are not intended to be used as ''AttributeValue''s """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Quantum :wnsense "quantum1n" ; :wordnet "quantum" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quantum'' is a small ''Quantity'' of something, used metaphorically to reference the '''PhysicalQuantum'' of quantum theory. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quantum' in WordNet: 1. quantum - (a discrete amount of something that is analogous to the quantum in quantum theory) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quantity . :Quarantining :guid "bfcf7fd8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "quarantine1v", "quarantine2n" ; :wordnet "quarantine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ?hasIntendedResultOrProduct - Insulating? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quarantine' in WordNet: 1. quarantine - (place into enforced isolation, as for medical reasons; 'My dog was quarantined before he could live in England') WN noun 'quarantine': 2. quarantine - (isolation to prevent the spread of infectious disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Isolating, :Precaution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingQuarantined ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpreadingOfaPathogen ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Quark :wnsense "quark1n" ; :wordnet "quark" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quark'' is one of ''SubAtomicParticle''s that make up an ''AtomicNucleus''. It is a specialization of #$Nucleon. These objects have wierd properties, non-integral charge, and come in six types, only two of which are actually found in atomic nuclei.. Protons and neutrons have different numbers of the two types. THe WN gloss says 'not observed', but many experiments showing tracks of quarks leave their existence in no doubt. Wikipedia: Quarks have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, mass, color charge, and spin. They are the only elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics to experience all four fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces (electromagnetism, gravitation, strong interaction, and weak interaction), as well as the only known particles whose electric charges are not integer multiples of the elementary charge. There are six types, known as flavors, of quarks: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top.[4] Up and down quarks have the lowest masses of all quarks. The heavier quarks rapidly change into up and down quarks through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state. Because of this, up and down quarks are generally stable and the most common in the universe, whereas strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks can only be produced in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and in particle accelerators). For every quark flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as an antiquark, that differs from the quark only in that some of its properties (such as the electric charge) have equal magnitude but opposite sign. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quark' in WordNet: 1. quark - ((physics) hypothetical truly fundamental particle in mesons and baryons; there are supposed to be six flavors of quarks (and their antiquarks), which come in pairs; each has an electric charge of +2/3 or -1/3; 'quarks have not been observed directly but theoretical predictions based on their existence have been confirmed experimentally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubAtomicParticle . :Quarreling :wnsense "altercate1v", "argufy1v", "dispute2v", "dustup1n", "quarrel1n", "quarrel1v", "row2n", "run-in1n", "scrap2v", "words4n", "wrangle1n" ; :wordnet "altercate", "argufy", "dispute", "dustup", "quarrel", "row", "run-in", "scrap", "words", "wrangle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quarrel' in WordNet: 1. (11) quarrel, dispute, scrap, argufy, altercate - (have a disagreement over something; 'We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America'; 'These two fellows are always scrapping over something') WN noun 'quarrel': 1. (2) quarrel, wrangle, row, words, run-in, dustup - (an angry dispute; 'they had a quarrel'; 'they had words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisputeEvent . :Quarry :wnsense "quarry2n" ; :wordnet "quarry" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quarry'' is an open pit where quantities of ''Stone'' (including slate and marble) are obtained by drilling or blasting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quarry' in Wordnet: 2. pit, quarry, stone pit - (a surface excavation for extracting stone or slate; 'a British term for 'quarry' is 'stone pit'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic, :FixedStructure, :HoleInTheGround, :UsefulSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :Quart :wnsense "quart1n" ; :wordnet "quart" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """English unit of volume equal to 1/4 of a UnitedStatesGallon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quart' in Wordnet: 1. (3) quart - (a United States liquid unit equal to 32 fluid ounces; four quarts equal one gallon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :Quarter :en "two bits" ; :wnsense "quarter10n" ; :wordnet "quarter" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A US coin that represents twenty-five cents in US currency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quarter' in Wordnet: 10. quarter - (a United States coin worth one fourth of a dollar; 'he fed four quarters into the slot machine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwentyFiveCentsUS ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :QuarterPart :ldoce "quarter" ; :wnsense "quarter1n" ; :wordnet "quarter" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'QuarterPart' is a Part of something that has been divided (possibly just mentally) into four parts, which are roughly equal in some dimension of size or importance. One can have a 'QuarterPart' of a pound of butter, a 'QuarterPart' of some group, a 'QuarterPart' of some abstract object like a circle, or a 'QuarterPart' of a game, among other things that can be divided. See also 'OneFourth' for the number 1/4. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'quarter' in WordNet: 1. (7) one-fourth, fourth, quarter, fourth part, twenty-five percent, quartern - (one of four equal parts; 'a quarter of a pound') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part . :Quarterback :wnsense "field general1n", "field general2n", "quarterback1n", "quarterback2n", "signal caller1n", "signal caller2n" ; :wordnet "field general", "quarterback", "signal caller" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quarterback'' is an ''FootballBack'' who participates in a Football game by accepting the football from the Center at the start of a play and then doing any of various maneuvers to advance the ball down the field, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quarterback' in WordNet: 1. (6) quarterback, signal caller, field general - ((football) the person who plays quarterback) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootballPlayer . :Quartet :wnsense "quadruple1n", "quadruplet3n", "quartet3n", "quartette2n" ; :wordnet "quadruple", "quadruplet", "quartet", "quartette" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Quartet is a Group containing exactly four elements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quartet' in Wordnet: 3. quartet, quartette, quadruplet, quadruple - (a set of four similar things considered as a unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :Quartz :guid "be973d12-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :SiliconDioxide ; :wnsense "quartz2n" ; :wordnet "quartz" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any mineral that is pure or almost pure crystalline SiliconDioxide, possibly with color-imparting impurities. For the pure sbstance use ''PureQuartz''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quartz' in WordNet: 2. quartz - (a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SiliconDioxide ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :Quasar :guid "c05ccf5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "quasar1n" ; :wordnet "quasar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This is the collection of quasars. Quasars are intensely bright, almost stellar objects of tiny volume embedded in a very complex and diffuse galactic medium. They are all at least 1 billion light-years from the Earth. Although they aren't much bigger than the Earth's solar system, Quasars produce 100 times as much light as a galaxy comprised of tens of billions of stars. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quasar' in WordNet: 1. quasar, quasi-stellar radio source - (a starlike object that may send out radio waves and other forms of energy; many have large red shifts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterSpaceObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWave ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :QuaternaryFunction a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Functions that require exactly four arguments. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LogicalFunction, :QuintaryRelation . :Quaver :wnsense "eighth note1n", "quaver2n" ; :wordnet "eighth note", "quaver" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quaver'' is a ''MusicalNoteSymbol'' that represents a note to be held for a time that is one-eighth of a note at the indicated speed of the musical piece. NOTE: this is the abstract symbol, not the sound of the note. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quaver' in WordNet: 2. eighth note, quaver - (a musical note having the time value of an eighth of a whole note) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalNoteSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EighthNote ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Quavering :wnsense "quaver1v", "waver7v" ; :wordnet "quaver", "waver" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Quavering'' is a manner of ''Vocalizing'' that may or may not be part of a singing Action,in which the pich or intensity of the voice alternates multiple times. The sound emitted (a 'quaver') is not yet represented. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quaver' in WordNet: 1. quaver, waver - (give off unsteady sounds, alternating in amplitude or frequency) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vocalizing . :Queen-ChessPiece :ldoce "queen" ; :wnsense "queen8n" ; :wordnet "queen" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess queen. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'queen' in WordNet: 8. queen - ((chess) the most powerful piece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChessPiece . :Queen-HeadOfGovernment :guid "be7c78d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "queen" ; :wnsense "queen2n" ; :wordnet "queen" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Queen of a country and the #$HeadOfGovernment of that country. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'queen' in WordNet: 2. (4) queen, queen regnant, female monarch - (a female sovereign ruler) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadOfGovernment, :Queen-HeadOfState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Monarchy ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Government ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :Queen-HeadOfState :guid "bd58ec5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "queen" ; :wnsense "queen2n" ; :wordnet "queen" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The queen of a country which is usually a monarchy and always a kingdom. The Queen of the UK is a 'Queen-HeadOfState' but not a 'Queen-HeadOfGovernment' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'queen' in WordNet: 2. (4) queen, queen regnant, female monarch - (a female sovereign ruler) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :MemberOfRoyalty, :MemberOfTheNobility, :Monarch-HeadOfState . :Queen-TheCard :wnsense "queen7n" ; :wordnet "queen" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'queen' in WordNet: 7. queen - (one of four face cards in a deck bearing a picture of a queen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingCard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeckOfCards ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :QueenElizabethII :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; :isAssociatedWithAgent :GreatBritain ; :isEmployedBy :GreatBritain ; :isTheLeaderOf :GreatBritain ; a :Queen-HeadOfGovernment . :QueenOfHearts :en "queen of hearts" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''QueenOfHearts'' is a subtype of ''Heart-TheCard'', the one of thirteen such cards called the 'Queen'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Heart-TheCard, :Queen-TheCard . :QueenOfInsectColony :ldoce "queen" ; :wnsense "queen1n" ; :wordnet "queen" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ in WordNet: 1. (16) queen - (the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemaleAnimal, :Insect . :QueenOfSpades a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''QueenOfSpades'' is a subtype of ''Spade-TheCard'', the one of thirteen such cards called the 'Queen'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spade-TheCard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spades ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :QueenTheKingsWife :ldoce "queen" ; :wnsense "queen3n" ; :wordnet "queen" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A woman who is called 'Queen' because she is or was married to a King, rather than being a monarch in her own right. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'queen' in WordNet: 3. (1) queen - (the wife or widow of a king) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :MemberOfRoyalty, :MemberOfTheNobility . :QueenVictoria :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isAssociatedWithAgent :GreatBritain ; :isEmployedBy :GovernmentOfGreatBritain ; :isTheLeaderOf :GreatBritain ; a :Queen-HeadOfGovernment . :Quest :wnsense "pursuit2n", "quest1n", "quest2n", "seeking1n" ; :wordnet "pursuit", "quest", "seeking" ; a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quest' is a ''Searching'' that is more determined and prolonged, with an objective that is not obviously achievable. The characteristic that differentiates a COSMO ''Quest'' from other ''Searching'' Actions is that it is ''Difficult'' and ''Prolonged''. The restriction requires that instances must specify what is sought. RHW noun 'quest': 1. a search or pursuit made in order to find or obtain something: a quest for uranium mines; a quest for knowledge. includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'quest' in WordNet: 1. (1) pursuit, pursuance, quest - (a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria; 'the pursuit of love'; 'life is more than the pursuance of fame'; 'a quest for wealth') 2. quest, seeking - (the act of searching for something; 'a quest for diamonds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :Searching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Difficult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prolonged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPursued ; owl:someValuesFrom :ValuableThing ] . :Question :CYC "Query" ; :guid "bd58a082-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "question" ; :wnsense "interrogative sentence1n", "interrogative1n", "question3n" ; :wordnet "interrogative", "interrogative sentence", "question" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Question' is a Sentence that explicitly requests information on a particular topic. This is a linguistic Phrase, consisting of Words. The meaning represented by a Sentence would be an instance of Proposition, but Propositions that represent questions are not yet (rev811) represented in COSMO. The CYC class 'Query' seems to represent this : CYC 'Query' The illocutionary force associated with a querying act. The speaker's ultimate goal may be either to learn the information or to test the knowledge of the agent queried. 'Speaker' and 'listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo. See also #$IllocutionaryForce, #$RequestingInformation. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'question' in WordNet: 3. (9) question, interrogation, interrogative, interrogative sentence - (a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply; 'he asked a direct question'; 'he had trouble phrasing his interrogations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RequestContent, :Sentence . :Question-IBT :guid "ac6329f0-f0d5-41d6-92ba-92a220a65964" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the content of a question, not the act of asking a question. Cyc: The collection of all instances of #$InformationRequest-IBT which take the form of a question. This collection includes yes/no questions, questions that ask for bindings (e.g. beginning with 'Who', 'What' or 'When') and questions that ask for descriptions or explanations (e.g. 'How' or 'Why') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationRequest-IBT . :QuestionAnswerPair a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'QuestionAnswerPair' is an OrderedPair of Linguistic Strings, one of which is a Question and the other of which is an AnswerPhrase. The AnswerPhrase may not be a full Sentence, it may be elliptical, assuming the QuestionString for its comprehension. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Question ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnswerPhrase ] . :Questionable a :MeasureType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Questionable'' is a subtype of ''Doubtful'' (a greater-than-zero but less than 1 'VerbalProbability'), an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that may be true, but for which there are reasons to doubt it This represents a range of numerical probabilities from 0 to 0.30. Because things that are unlikely may not in fact be possible, even the one-in-a-billion lower limit of 'possible' is too high, so this is not a subtype of 'Possible'. If something is possible but unlikely, both attributes can be used, as the ranges overlap, and the overlap will represent the resulting range. Includes all 3 senses of 'unlikely' and all 3 senses of improbable' in WordNet: 1. (6) improbable, unlikely - (not likely to be true or to occur or to have occurred; 'legislation on the question is highly unlikely'; 'an improbable event') 2. (5) unlikely - (has little chance of being the case or coming about; 'an unlikely story'; 'an unlikely candidate for reelection'; 'a butcher is unlikely to preach vegetarianism') 3. improbable, unbelievable, unconvincing, unlikely - (having a probability too low to inspire belief) WN adj 'improbable': 3. improbable, marvelous, marvellous, tall - (too improbable to admit of belief; 'a tall story') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Doubtful, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.49"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :QuestionableInformation a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''QuestionableInformation'' is the class of ''AbstractDocument''s (including ''AbstractText'' and ''AbstractImage''s and ''AbstractVideo'') that purport to reveal facts about the world. but are not produced by someone making an honest effort to report 'facts'. The assertions in a ''QuestionableInformation'' merely express feelings, beliefs, unfounded theories, gossip, rumor, conspiracy theories, intentional lies or distortions of fact, and the like. In some cases, particularly books dealing with political issues or politicians or celebrities, it may not be clear how objective the author is. One clear indication that a text is 'questionable' is for accusations about some wrongdoing or beliefs of a Person for which the author has made no significant effort to get and report the response of the person accused. ''QuestionableInformation'' can include video recordings purported to be recordings of real events, but are either fabricated or slectively edited to present a misleading or completely false account of events that purportedly occurred. Intentionally fictional ''AbstractTexts'' are represented under ''FictionalText'', and ''AbstractTexts'' by authors making honest (though perhaps mistaken) effort to report facts is represented as ''FactualText'' NOTE: ''AbstractTexts'', whether factual, fictional, or questionable, will usually be a representation of some abstract propositional content that is a subtype of ''Information-Content''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unproven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Questionnaire :wnsense "questionnaire1n" ; :wordnet "questionnaire" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Questionnaire'' is a Document that has blank spaces into which information is to be written. This can be prepared or distributed by any agent, Organization of individal, for any purpose. The sections needing to be filled in can go by different names - 'fields' or 'sections' or 'blank space' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'questionnaire' in WordNet: 1. (4) questionnaire - (a form containing a set of questions; submitted to people to gain statistical information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Form-StandardizedIBO, :GenericForm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfQuestions ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfQuestions ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Queue :wnsense "queue1n", "waiting line1n" ; :wordnet "queue", "waiting line" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type of ''Queue'' is a group of people lined up to do something in sequence - a waiting list. This is a PhysicalObject - the Group of People, not something abstract. The queue of ''RoadVehicles''s is represented as ''VehicleQueue''. Corresponds to part(for people) of noun sense 1 of 'queue' in WordNet: 1. queue, waiting line - (a line of people or vehicles waiting for something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :PhysicalSeries . :Quick :hasAdverbialForm :Quickly ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Immediately ; :isTheOppositeOf :Prolonged ; :ldoce "quick", "rapid" ; :wnsense "immediate5adj", "prompt4adj", "promptly1adv", "quick1adj", "quick5adj", "rapid1adj", "speedy2adj", "straightaway1adj" ; :wordnet "immediate", "prompt", "promptly", "quick", "rapid", "speedy", "straightaway" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Quick' is an AttributeValue of an Event that specifies that an Event or Action was accomplished in less time than is normal or was expected for that type of Event. For objects that move more rapidly than is typical, use the type 'Fast'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'quick' and sense 1 of 'rapid' and sense 2 of 'quickly' and adjective sense 4 of 'immediate' in WordNet: 1. (20) quick, speedy - (accomplished rapidly and without delay; 'was quick to make friends'; 'his quick reaction prevented an accident'; 'hoped for a speedy resolution of the problem'; 'a speedy recovery'; 'he has a right to a speedy trial') WN 'rapid' 1. (21) rapid - (done or occurring in a brief period of time; 'a rapid rise through the ranks') WN adj 'immediate': 5. immediate, prompt, quick, straightaway - (performed with little or no delay; 'an immediate reply to my letter'; 'prompt obedience'; 'was quick to respond'; 'a straightaway denial') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventAttributeValue . :QuickBread :hasQualitativeAttribute :Spongy ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Dough ; :wnsense "quick bread1n" ; :wordnet "quick bread" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a substance, not an Object. RHW: bread, muffins, etc., made with a leavening agent, as baking powder or soda, that permits immediate baking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quick bread' in WordNet: 1. quick bread - (breads made with a leavening agent that permits immediate baking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bread . :QuickLime :en "calcium oxide" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CaO ; :wnsense "calcium oxide1n", "lime2n", "quicklime1n" ; :wordnet "calcium oxide", "lime", "quicklime" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Calcium Oxide (CaO) as contrasted with lmestone (mostly CaCO3) or 'slaked lime' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quick lime' in WordNet: 1. calcium oxide, quicklime, lime, calx, calcined lime, fluxing lime, unslaked lime, burnt lime - (a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calcium ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ] . :Quickening :wnsense "quicken4v" ; :wordnet "quicken" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Quickening'' is a term used to describe the *first* (''Initial'') perceptible (to the pregnant woman) movement of the body of a ''HumanFetus'' in a Woman's uterus. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'quicken' in WordNet: 4. quicken - (show signs of life; 'the fetus quickened') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :Indication, :Motion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanFetus ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Initial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perceivable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Living ; owl:onProperty :isEvidenceFor ] . :Quickly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Quick ; :ldoce "fast" ; :wnsense "fast1adv", "promptly1adv", "promptly2adv", "promptly3adv", "quickly1adv", "quickly2adv", "rapidly1adv", "readily2adv" ; :wordnet "fast", "promptly", "quickly", "rapidly", "readily" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Quickly' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the rate of action in the Event is higher than is normal or expected for an Event of that type. This type differs subtly from 'Quick' in that it pertains to the rate of the FuntionalProcess that results in the Event, rather than to the interval of time that the Event occupied. There is often a direct relation between the two, but the rate of action can be distinguished from the time lapsed, and that distinction is represented by the difference between 'Quick' and 'Quickly' in COSMO. One can assert that a person works 'quickly', i.e. does tasks faster than normal, even though one is not discussing a specific task nor the time that task took. If ''Quickly'' is applied to an EventType, the default implication is that it took relatively little lapsed time. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'fast' and sense 2 of 'quickly' and sense 1 of 'promptly' and sense 1 of'rapidly' in WordNet: WN 'fast' 1. (17) fast - (quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form); 'how fast can he get here?'; 'ran as fast as he could'; 'needs medical help fast'; 'fast-running rivers'; 'fast-breaking news'; 'fast-opening (or fast-closing) shutters') WN adv'rapidly': 1. (44) quickly, rapidly, speedily, chop-chop, apace - (with rapid movements; 'he works quickly') WN 'quickly' 2. (16) promptly, quickly, quick - (with little or no delay; 'the rescue squad arrived promptly'; 'come here, quick!') WN 'promptly': 'the rescue squad arrived promptly'; 'come here, quick!') 2. (3) promptly, readily, pronto - (in a punctual manner; 'he did his homework promptly') 3. (2) promptly, right away - (at once (usually modifies an undesirable occurrence); 'he promptly forgot the address') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :QuidProQuo :wnsense "quid pro quo1n", "quid2n" ; :wordnet "quid", "quid pro quo" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''QuidProQuo'' is one of the two or more) ''ValuableThing''s that are exchanged in a ''Transaction'' or paid as ''Compensation'' in a ''Compensating'' action.. Essentially, a 'this for that'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quid pro quo' in WordNet: 1. quid pro quo, quid - (something for something; that which a party receives (or is promised) in return for something he does or gives or promises) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaQuidForQuo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThing :ValuableThingType ) ] ] . :Quiet :isTheOppositeOf :Noisy ; :ldoce "quiet" ; :wnsense "quiet2adj" ; :wordnet "quiet" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Quiet' is an AttributeValue of Places that have little Sound, or PhysicalObjects that create little Sound during their operation, or people or animals that are not emitting Sound. For complete absence of perceivable sound,use 'Silent'. For an adverb of relatively low sounds use ''quietly'' which includes sense ''softly''. RHW 5. low or subdued in sound; gentle and melodious: soft music; a soft voice. Opposite 'harshly'? ''blaringly'?? Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'quiet' in WordNet: 2. (10) quiet - (free of noise or uproar; or making little if any sound; 'a quiet audience at the concert'; 'the room was dark and quiet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :QuietingDown :wnsense "hush3v", "pipe down1v", "quiesce1v", "quiet down1v", "quiet1v", "quieten1v" ; :wordnet "hush", "pipe down", "quiesce", "quiet", "quiet down", "quieten" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''QuietingDown'' is a ''MufflingaSound'' in which people stop talking, or talk more softly so that the intensity of some ''Speech'' is decreased. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quiet down' in WordNet: 1. (1) quieten, hush, quiet, quiesce, quiet down, pipe down - (become quiet or quieter; 'The audience fell silent when the speaker entered') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MufflingaSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speech ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StopTalking ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeopleSilence ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Quilting :guid "bd58aee6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "quilt2v", "quilting1n" ; :wordnet "quilt", "quilting" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Quilting'' is the Action of stitching pieces of Cloth to make a ''Comforter'' (a 'quilt'). CYC: The sewing together of patches of material to make a quilt. This is NOT the creating of a finished quilt, but rather the sewing technique itself, and hence instances of #$Quilting should be #$subEvents of instances of (#$MakingFn Quilt). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quilting' in WordNet: 1. quilting - (stitching through layers of fabric and a filling so as to create a design) WN verb quilt': 2. quilt - (create by stitching together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CraftingObjects, :Manufacturing, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SewingNeedle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comforter ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Quince :wnsense "quince2n" ; :wordnet "quince" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Fruit that is ''PearShaped'' but is not a Pear''. Quince tree: RHW: either of two small trees, Cydonia oblonga or C. sinensis, of the rose family, bearing hard, fragrant, yellowish fruit used chiefly for making jelly or preserves. WN has a quince bush, but unclear if it is the same thing. RHW for 'quince': the fruit of such a tree. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'quince' in WordNet: 2. quince - (aromatic acid-tasting pear-shaped fruit used in preserves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PearShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fragrant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Quinine :guid "bd590b9e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "quinine1n" ; :wordnet "quinine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An alkaloid used to make tonic and cure malaria. Derived from the bark of the Cinchona tree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quinine' in WordNet: 1. quinine - (a bitter alkaloid extracted from chinchona bark; used in malaria therapy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alkaloid, :AntimalarialDrug, :DrugProduct . :Quinolone :en "quinolone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An OrganicChemical that two fused six-membered rings, one of which includes a Nitrogen atom in the ring and an oxygen double-bonded to a carbon in the same ring (an oxo-group). Some subtypes of this Type are widely used and valuable antibacterial agents, such as norfloxocin and ciprofloxacin. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound . :QuintaryPredicate a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Predicates that require five arguments. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation """^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :Predicate, :QuintaryRelation . :QuintaryRelation a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """QuintaryRelations relate five items. The two subclasses of QuintaryRelation are QuintaryPredicate and QuaternaryFunction. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation'/) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :Quintessential :wnsense "quintessential1adj" ; :wordnet "quintessential" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Quintessential'' is a subattribute of ''Prototypical'', characterizing something that is the most characteristic example of its type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'quintessential' in Wordnet: 1. quintessential - (representing the perfect example of a class or quality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prototypical . :Quintuple :wnsense "five-fold1adj", "fivefold1adj", "quintuple1adj" ; :wordnet "five-fold", "fivefold", "quintuple" ; a :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'quintuple' in Wordnet: 1. quintuple, fivefold, five-fold - (having five units or components) """ . :Quitter :wnsense "quitter1n" ; :wordnet "quitter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quitter'' is a ''Person'' who stops performing an Action ('quits') that could have been peformed, because it is too hard. One who quits because there are more intersting or profitable things to do is not an instance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quitter' in WordNet: 1. quitter - (a person who gives up too easily) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :QuittingAction ] . :QuittingAction :wnsense "cease1v", "discontinue1v", "drop out1v", "foreswear1v", "give up3v", "give up4v", "lay off1v", "leave office1v", "quit1v", "quit2v", "quit5v", "relinquish4v", "renounce3v", "resign1v", "resign2v", "step down1v", "stop2v", "throw in the towel1v" ; :wordnet "cease", "discontinue", "drop out", "foreswear", "give up", "lay off", "leave office", "quit", "relinquish", "renounce", "resign", "step down", "stop", "throw in the towel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''QuittingAction'' is a ''StoppingEvent'' in which some Agent ceases to perform some generic ''Action'' - which can be actively performing something that takes effort, or a state such as passively participating in some group as a member. NOTE @ToDo: differentiate ''QuittingAction'' from subtype ''Desisting'' - does one 'desist' beccause of a command or expected negative consqences?? Includes verb senses 1,2, 4 and 5 of 'quit' in WordNet: 1. (14) discontinue, stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off - (put an end to a state or an activity; 'Quit teasing your little brother') 2. (1) leave office, quit, step down, resign - (give up or retire from a position; 'The Secretary of the Navy will leave office next month'; 'The chairman resigned over the financial scandal') 4. foreswear, renounce, quit, relinquish - (turn away from; give up; 'I am foreswearing women forever') 5. drop out, give up, fall by the wayside, drop by the wayside, throw in, throw in the towel, quit, chuck up the sponge - (give up in the face of defeat of lacking hope; admit defeat; 'In the second round, the challenger gave up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StoppingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Quitter ] . :Quiz :wnsense "quiz1n" ; :wordnet "quiz" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quiz'' is a ''Short'' ''Exam''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quiz' in WordNet: 1. (4) quiz - (an examination consisting of a few short questions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenExam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Quizzing :en "administer a test", "give a test" ; :eng "administering a test", "giving a test" ; :env "administer a test", "give a test" ; :wnsense "quiz1v", "test3v" ; :wordnet "quiz", "test" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quizzing'' is a ''TestingEvent'' performed by a ''tester'', on a Person in which questions are asked to determine the tested Person's knowledge or skill or aptitde for some task. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quiz' in WordNet: 1. quiz, test - (examine someone's knowledge of something; \"The teacher tests us every week\"; \"We got quizzed on French irregular verbs\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measuring, :TestingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tester ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMeasured ] . :Quota :wnsense "quota1n" ; :wordnet "quota" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Quota'' is a ''RationalNumber'' of some entities (objects, Actions) that are required by some ''Rule''. This may be an average rather than an Integer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quota' in WordNet: 1. (1) quota - (a prescribed number; 'all the salesmen met their quota for the month') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RationalNumber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Necessary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :QuotaLimit :wnsense "quota3n" ; :wordnet "quota" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''QuotaLimit'' is the maximum permitted quantity of something (Object, Substance, Event) that can be used or had or performed by some Agent The WN sense 3 of 'quota' on imports would be a subtype. To specify a limit on specific types of things, a subtype can be created with the ''hasComponentElement'' - allValuesFrom - the type of thing that is limited,and the maximum quantity of that can be specified within the ''hasComponentElement'' restriction, using the ''owl:maxcardinality'' Includes but is broader than noun sense 3, including maximum limits on things other than imports. of 'quota' in WordNet: 3. quota - (a limitation on imports; 'the quota for Japanese imports was negotiated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Role . :Quotation :wnsense "citation4n", "quotation2n", "quote2n" ; :wordnet "citation", "quotation", "quote" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Quotation' is a sentence, part of a sentence, or combination of sentences (any two or more words) in some language which was uttered by some Intelligent agent in some form, verbal, written, electronic, movie, etc. This is usually used to quote people. The author needs to be specified, as well as the larger text from which the quotation is abstracted. Fictional characters may be quoted. @ToDo: add movies and other forms in which text may occur to the list of sources. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quotation' in Wordnet: 2. (1) quotation, quote, citation - (a passage or expression that is quoted or cited) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Citation, :Phrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAuthoredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSource ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractText ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quoting ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Quoting :wnsense "cite4v", "quote1v" ; :wordnet "cite", "quote" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Quoting'' is a ''AttributingSomethingToSomebody'' Event in which an Agent asserts that some other Agent (which could be the agent speaking) has said or written something. The difference between the parent ''Citing'' and this type is that ''Quoting'' porduces a ''Quotation'' that is intended to reproduce exatly the words that some person said (orally or in writing). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'quote' in WordNet: 1. (30) quote, cite - (repeat a passage from; 'He quoted the Bible to her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributingSomethingToSomebody, :Citing, :Restating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Quotation ] . :RACE_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for the codes that identify a human race.""" . :REMsleep :wnsense "REM sleep1n", "REM1n", "paradoxical sleep1n", "rapid eye movement sleep1n", "rapid eye movement1n" ; :wordnet "REM", "REM sleep", "paradoxical sleep", "rapid eye movement", "rapid eye movement sleep" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''REMsleep'' is a ''SleepingEvent'' that occurs during a ''SleepingEvent'' dring which, stdies show, the eyes move rapidly back and forth under closed eyelids, as though watching something moving, and dring which ''Dreaming'' occurs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'REM sleep' in WordNet: 1. paradoxical sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, REM sleep, rapid eye movement, REM - (a recurring sleep state during which dreaming occurs; a state of rapidly shifting eye movements during sleep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SleepingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dreaming ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :RNA :guid "1cfdeb82-0ae5-11d6-8000-0050dac4bdee" ; :hasUnitObject :RNAMolecule ; :wnsense "RNA1n", "ribonucleic acid1n" ; :wordnet "RNA", "ribonucleic acid" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of RNA, the chemical compound composed of individual #$RNAMolecules. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'RNA' in Wordnet: 1. ribonucleic acid, RNA - ((biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell; 'ribonucleic acid is the genetic material of some viruses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MolecularStuff, :NucleicAcid . :RNAMolecule :en "RNA molecule" ; :enn "RNA molecule" ; :guid "c1295b52-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MoleculeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all long-chain molecules composed of strings of Ribonucleotides. #$RNAMolecules perform a number of critical functions in the intracellular environment. Notably, they are the medium by which the information encoded in #$DNAMolecules is transferred outside the cellular nucleus, where it can be used in protein manufacture. #$RNAMolecules are also incorporated into the ribosomal enzymes that 'read' messenger RNA molecules and manufacture proteins. NOTE: RNA is usually single-stranded, but can occr in double-stranded form, in certain viruses. This type does not distinguish the two, which could be represented as subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroMolecule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RO a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an entity in 'RO' (the OBO 'relation ontology'. The RO entities are not thoroughly unambiguously defined, and it is not certain that all users of RO will interpret this in the same sense. Thus the RO term is only approximately synonymous with the entry.""" ; rdfs:label "BFO term" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :R_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used to label instances of 'NumberRange'. For examples, the range of numbers 25 to 30 inclusive can be represented as 'R_25-30' using this prefix. For exclusive ranges, use the prefix 'ER_'. This is useful in the OWL version of COSMO because bare numbers are not allowed as elements in the ontology. Using this formalism, a measure that is within the range of 30 to 32 meters could be represented by the function term (in ESKIF) '{R_30-32 meters}'.""" . :R_1to12 :hasLowerLimit "1.0"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "12.0"^^xsd:float ; a :NumberRange . :R_1to12feet :hasQuantifier :R_1to12 ; :hasUnit :feet ; a :HeightMeasure . :R_3to4 :hasLowerLimit "3.0"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "4.0"^^xsd:float ; a :NumberRange . :R_3to4feet :hasQuantifier :R_3to4 ; :hasUnit :feet ; a :HeightMeasure . :R_99to120 :hasLowerLimit "99.0"^^xsd:float ; :hasUpperLimit "120.0"^^xsd:float ; a :NumberRange . :Rabbi :guid "bf2df0ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rabbi1n" ; :wordnet "rabbi" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of #$Rabbi is a Jewish religious leader, qualified to lead (and who typically does lead) some synagogue. A woman in such a position may be referred to as a 'rabba', but the title of respect 'Rabbi' (Hebrew, 'my teacher') is used for both men and women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rabbi' in Wordnet: 1. (6) rabbi - (spiritual leader of a Jewish congregation; qualified to expound and apply Jewish law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric, :JewishPerson . :Rabbit :guid "bd58c42d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rabbit" ; :wnsense "bunny2n", "coney4n", "cony3n", "hare1n", "rabbit1n" ; :wordnet "bunny", "coney", "cony", "hare", "rabbit" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A burrowing Rodent with a short tail and long ears. This includes 'hares'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'rabbit' and noun sense 1 of 'hare' and noun sense 2 of 'bunny' in WordNet: 1. (9) rabbit, coney, cony - (any of various burrowing animals of the family Leporidae having long ears and short tails; some domesticated and raised for pets or food) WN noun 'hare': 1. (1) hare - (swift timid long-eared mammal larger than a rabbit having a divided upper lip and long hind legs; young born furred and with open eyes) WN noun 'bunny': 2. bunny, bunny rabbit - ((usually informal) especially a young rabbit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent . :Rabies :guid "c0fd4678-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hydrophobia3n", "lyssa1n", "madness2n", "rabies1n" ; :wordnet "hydrophobia", "lyssa", "madness", "rabies" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An acute, often fatal, disease caused by a virus transmitted from one animal to another through infected saliva, usually through a bite. Sometimes named 'Lyssa', after a Greek goddess of raging madness. Symptoms are headache, fever and malaise progressing to excitability, fear of water, delirium, convulsions and death. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rabies' in Wordnet: 1. rabies, hydrophobia, lyssa, madness - (an acute viral disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded animals (usually transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal); rabies is fatal if the virus reaches the brain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContagiousDisease, :LifeThreateningCondition, :ViralInfection . :Rabies-Virus :en "rabies virus" ; :guid "be27e2d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The virus that that causes the disease #$Rabies (sometimes known as 'Lyssa'), distinctively bulletshaped and belonging to the order Mononegavirales. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Virus . :Raccoon :guid "bd5897b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "raccoon1n", "racoon1n" ; :wordnet "raccoon", "racoon" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raccoon' in WordNet: 2. raccoon, racoon - (an omnivorous nocturnal mammal native to North America and Central America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procyonid . :Race :guid "bd589375-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "race" ; :wnsense "race3n", "racing1n" ; :wordnet "race", "racing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SportsCompetition' in which two or more competitors try to travel (on foot or in some vehicle) over some distance in the shortest time interval - the winner has the shortest time. This is the whole Event including the actions of all of the Agents involved. The Action of the individual ''Racer''s in a ''Race'' perform ''Racing''. In CYC called 'RacingSportsEvent': CYC: A sports event where the competitors attempt to travel as fast as possible over some distance. They are typically constrained in the mode of travel and the course to be traveled. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'race' in WordNet: 3. (201) race - (a contest of speed; 'the race is to the swift') WN noun 'racing': 1. (1) racing - (the sport of engaging in contests of speed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldSportsEvent, :SportsCompetition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Racing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaceCourse ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :RaceCourse :wnsense "racecourse1n", "racetrack1n", "raceway2n", "track4n" ; :wordnet "racecourse", "racetrack", "raceway", "track" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RaceCourse'' is a ''SportCourse'' where 'Race''s (''Competition''s) are held, and the individual contestants perform the Action of ''Racing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racecourse' in WordNet: 1. racetrack, racecourse, raceway, track - (a course over which races are run) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportCourse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Race ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Racing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :RaceExtermination :wnsense "racial extermination1n" ; :wordnet "racial extermination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: ''RaceExtermination'' is a *successful* extermination of a whole race, or some cultural or racially distinguishable ''GroupOfPeople'', at least in some region of the Earth. This is the result attempted in a ''Genocide'' Action. Corresponds to part (the complete racial extermination) of noun sense 1 of 'genocide' in WordNet: 1. genocide, race murder, racial extermination - (systematic killing of a racial or cultural group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Massacre, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaceOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ] . :RaceHorse :wnsense "bangtail1n", "race horse1n", "racehorse1n" ; :wordnet "bangtail", "race horse", "racehorse" ; a :BeastType, :RiddenAnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RaceHorse'' is a Horse who is bred for and competes in a ''HorseRace''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'race horse' in WordNet: 1. racehorse, race horse, bangtail - (a horse bred for racing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalContestant, :Horse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HorseRace ; owl:onProperty :wasaCompetitorInCompetition ] . :RaceOfPeople :ldoce "race" ; :wnsense "race2n" ; :wordnet "race" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RaceOfPeople is a GroupOfPeople who are share some genetic characteristics and descent with each other sufficient to be evident in the physiological features of most members; members of a Race are more loosely related than those of a KinshipGroup. Races are not precisely defined, but the visible features that are distinctive to different races, especially skin color and facial features, are sufficient for people to classify many people as belonging to one race or another . The notion of 'race' is vague, but sense 3 of definition 2 of 'race' in Random House Webster comes closes to the sense of this type: 3. Anthropol. a. any of the traditional divisions of humankind, the commonest being the Caucasian, Mongoloid, and Negro, characterized by supposedly distinctive and universal physical characteristics: no longer in technical use. b. an arbitrary classification of modern humans, sometimes, esp. formerly, based on any or a combination of various physical characteristics, as skin color, facial form, or eye shape, and now frequently based on such genetic markers as blood groups. c. a human population partially isolated reproductively from other populations, whose members share a greater degree of physical and genetic similarity with one another than with other humans. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'race' in WordNet: 2. (218) race - (people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock; 'some biologists doubt that there are important genetic differences between races of human beings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :SocialBeing . :Racer :guid "bd58dae4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "racer1n", "racer3n" ; :wordnet "racer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A male or female person who is a contestant in a ''Race'', whether a footrace or is the driver in a vehicle race. This is for a ''Race'' on a ground or water course. This is not for non-human animals. (?? maybe needs expansion??) @mod61 Includes noun sense 1 and part of sense 3 (for humans) of 'racer' in WordNet: 1. racer, race driver, automobile driver - (someone who drives racing cars at high speeds) 3. racer - (an animal that races) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Race ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Racial :pertainsTo :RaceOfPeople ; :wnsense "racial1adj", "racial2adj" ; :wordnet "racial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Racial'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''RacialGroup''s Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racial' in WordNet: 1. (6) racial - (of or related to genetically distinguished groups of people; 'racial groups') 2. (1) racial - (of or characteristic of race or races or arising from differences among groups; 'racial differences'; 'racial discrimination') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RacialMinority :en "racial minority" ; :wnsense "minority1n" ; :wordnet "minority" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''RacialMinority'' is a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom has a 'racial' identity differing from that of the majority of people in that community or location. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minority' in WordNet: 1. (3) minority - (a group of people who differ racially or politically from a larger group of which it is a part) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :Racially :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Racial ; :wnsense "racially1adv" ; :wordnet "racially" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'racially' in Wordnet: 1. racially - (with respect to race; 'racially integrated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Racing :eng "racing" ; :ldoce "race" ; :wnsense "race2v", "run37v" ; :wordnet "race", "run" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Racing'' is what contestants in a ''Race'' do. This is for foot races and auto races and boat races. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'race' in WordNet: 2. (3) race, run - (compete in a race; 'he is running the Marathon this year'; 'let's race and see who gets there first') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competing, :FieldSportsEvent, :LocomotionProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Racer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Race ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Racing-Attribute :en "racing" ; :enadj "racing" ; :pertainsTo :Race, :Racing ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Racing-Attribute'' represents the term 'racing' used as an adjective. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RacingBoat :wnsense "racing boat1n" ; :wordnet "racing boat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racing boat' in WordNet: 1. racing boat - (a boat propelled by oarsmen and designed for racing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :Watercraft-Small, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oar ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Racing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :RacingShell :wnsense "racing shell1n", "racing shell7n" ; :wordnet "racing shell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racing shell' in WordNet: 1. shell, racing shell - (a very light narrow racing boat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RacingBoat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smaller ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Racism :wnsense "racism1n" ; :wordnet "racism" ; a :BeliefType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Racism'' is a ''Bias'' (an ''Attitude'') that predisposes a Person to believe bad things about racial groups other than that to which the racist belongs; in particular, a racist considers other races to be inferior to his/hers.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racism' in WordNet: 1. racism - (the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bias, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Racist ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ] . :Racist :wnsense "racialist1n", "racist1n" ; :wordnet "racialist", "racist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any person who feels the Attitude of 'Racism' or believes racist propositions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racist' in WordNet: 1. (1) racist, racialist - (a person with a prejudiced belief that one race is superior to others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Racism ; owl:onProperty :isaPersonFeeling ] . :Racistic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Racist ; :isTheOppositeOf :Impartial ; :wnsense "antiblack1adj", "racist1adj", "racist2adj" ; :wordnet "antiblack", "racist" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Racistic'' is the term for the adjective' racist', which is the COSMO term used for the a Racist *person*. The specific racism of 'antisemitism' is represented by subtype ''AntiSemitic'' and ''AntiSemite''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racist' in WordNet: 1. racist - (based on racial intolerance; 'racist remarks') 2. racist, antiblack, anti-Semite - (discriminatory especially on the basis of race or religion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Partial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Racism ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Rack :wnsense "rack1n" ; :wordnet "rack" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of several types of ''ArtifactObject'' designed to hold more than one physical objects (usually by those objects being suspended from the ''Rack'') , that 'hang' by gravitational force, either on several distingushable holders (prongs), or on a horizontal bar from which 'hangers' such as coat hangers can be hung. This is not just a shelf; a 'rack' needs to have or support separate supporting elements from which something can be hung. This is an ''ArtifactObject'' that can be an instrument in a ''HangingSomething'' Action. ??ToDo: NOTE that the restriction asserts that a ''Rack'' can be used in ''HangingSomething''and most can,but there may be some things called 'rack' that are not specifically designed for hanging things (e.g. bicycle rack, dish rack) - perhaps this can be ad hoc used as the parent type of those also, assuming that they can be used for hanging if properly employed - a shelf can be usedto hange things (e.g. by putting the end of a hook over the shelf. BUT there should be a parent type created to subsume all these. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'rack' in WordNet (WordNet does not explicity mention the bars serving as a Rack, as in a coat closet.): in WordNet: 1. (5) rack - (framework for holding objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Holder, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HangingSomething ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ] . :Racket :wnsense "racket1n" ; :wordnet "racket" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A prolonged series of ''Noise''s that may be distracting or annoying. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'noise' in WordNet: 1. (3) racket - (a loud and disturbing noise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prolonged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Racquet :wnsense "racket4n", "racquet1n" ; :wordnet "racket", "racquet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of ''SportsEquipment'' of a type designed to be used in a game of ''Tennis'' or badminton or squash or racquetball. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'racquet' and sense 4 of 'racket' in WordNet: 1. racket, racquet - (a sports implement (usually consisting of a handle and an oval frame with a tightly interlaced network of strings) used to strike a ball (or shuttlecock) in various games) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameArtifact, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :RacquetGameType ] . :RacquetGameType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RacquetGameType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for games in which a ''Racquet'' is used.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :SpecificationType . :RacquetballGame a :GameType, :RacquetGameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that is an execution of a 'racquetball' game. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourtGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Racquet ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :RadarBasedDetection :wnsense "radar1n", "radio detection and ranging1n" ; :wordnet "radar", "radio detection and ranging" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RadarBasedDetection'' is a type of ''Detecting'' in which a radio-wave emitting device is pointed in some direction, and an associated radio-wave detector detects the reflected waves (if any). The strength of the reflection and the time between emitting the pulse and receiving the reflection provides information about objects that may be in the direction in which the device is pointed. NOTE: this can be one Event of such detection, or a series of such events treated as a Group. This is a subtype of ''Searching'' by ''Detecting''. NOTe that WN synset includes words like 'detection' suggesting it is anAction, but it is located in WN as a device (measuring instrument). WN synset is included here, needs to be dissected. The device is under ''RadarUnit''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radar' in WordNet: 1. (11) radar, microwave radar, radio detection and ranging, radiolocation - (measuring instrument in which the echo of a pulse of microwave radiation is used to detect and locate distant objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Detecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :RadioWaveTransmission ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReflectingaRadioWave ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :RadioSignalDetection ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ; owl:someValuesFrom :RadarUnit ] . :RadarUnit :guid "bf80d3a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any device (consisting of one or more pieces) that is used in a ''RadarBasedDetection'' Event to detect or find the 'range' (distance) of objects at a distance. Used mostly for detecting airplanes and other flying objects,but also for detecting things on the surface of a body of water. A complete unit will have an emitter of radar waves and a detector of the reflected waves, usually firmly connected. CYC 'RadarDevice': A specialization of #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor and #$DistanceMeasuringDevice. Each instance of #$RadarDevice is a device used to detect and determine the location of #$PartiallyTangible objects such as airplanes and storms. #$RadarDevices work by transmitting strong #$RadioWaves and sensing the echoes that come back when these waves reflect off of objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radar' in WordNet: 1. (11) radar, microwave radar, radio detection and ranging, radiolocation - (measuring instrument in which the echo of a pulse of microwave radiation is used to detect and locate distant objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor, :MeasuringDevice, :SensorDevice . :RadiallySymmetricObject :CYC "RadiallySymmetricObject" ; :en "radially symmetric object" ; :enn "radially symmetric object" ; :guid "bd5906ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this Object can be Abstract or Physical. Cyc: A specialization of #$SpatialThing. Each instance of #$RadiallySymmetricObject is a spatial thing whose spatial parts are regularly arranged about a central axis. Instances of #$RadiallySymmetricObject include wheels and adult starfish. NOTE: this sense of 'radially symmetric' is the same as COSMO ''RotationallySymmetric'' and not the 'radially symmetric' that is a synonymfor ''BilaterallySymmetric''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RotationallySymmetric ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Radian :wnsense "rad2n", "radian1n" ; :wordnet "rad", "radian" ; a :AttributeValueType, :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the angle of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circle's radius. Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius. Radian = m/m = 1. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radian' in WordNet: 1. radian, rad - (the unit of plane angle adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; equal to the angle at the center of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the radius (approximately 57.295 degrees)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlaneAngleMeasure . :Radiance :wnsense "effulgence1n", "radiance2n", "radiancy1n", "refulgence1n", "refulgency1n", "shine1n" ; :wordnet "effulgence", "radiance", "radiancy", "refulgence", "refulgency", "shine" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Radiance'' is a Quality (in WN), not an Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiance' in WordNet: 2. (1) radiance, radiancy, shine, effulgence, refulgence, refulgency - (the quality of being bright and sending out rays of light) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brightness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shiny ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Radiant :wnsense "beaming3adj", "beamy2adj", "effulgent1adj", "radiant1adj", "refulgent1adj" ; :wordnet "beaming", "beamy", "effulgent", "radiant", "refulgent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiant' in WordNet: 1. (3) beaming, beamy, effulgent, radiant, refulgent - (radiating or as if radiating light; 'the beaming sun'; 'the effulgent daffodils'; 'a radiant sunrise'; 'a refulgent sunset') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Visible . :Radiata :guid "be351ef1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalType, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of (individual) animals which are members of the invertebrate phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora. The former contains hyrda, corals, and jellyfish. The bodies of these animals have radial symmetry. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Invertebrate . :Radiation :en "radiating" ; :wnsense "radiate1v", "radiation1n" ; :wordnet "radiate", "radiation" ; a :EnergyType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a general sense of 'radiation' including both electromagnetic radiation and the particle radiation seen in radioactive decay. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiation' in WordNet: 1. (42) radiation - (energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles) WN verb 'radiate': 1. (2) radiate - (send out rays or waves; \"The sun radiates heat\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translocation, :UsefulThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Energy ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :RadiationContainmentSystem :wnsense "containment2n" ; :wordnet "containment" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'containment' in WordNet: 2. containment - ((physics) a system designed to prevent the accidental release of radioactive material from a reactor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :System . :Radiator :wnsense "radiator2n" ; :wordnet "radiator" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Uses pipes circulating steam or hot water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiator' in WordNet: 2. radiator - (heater consisting of a series of pipes for circulating steam or hot water to heat rooms or buildings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirHeatingDevice, :PoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pipe ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :WaterSubstanceType ] . :RadiatorFluid :en "radiator fluid" ; :hasSolute :AntiFreeze ; a :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RadiatorFluid''is an ''AqueousSolution'' that has some component of ''AntiFreeze'' in it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :Water, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AntiFreeze ; owl:onProperty :hasSolute ] . :Radical :guid "bfb74e1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "extremist1n", "radical3n" ; :wordnet "extremist", "radical" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Radical'is a ''Supporter'' who supports some cause considered as 'extreme' or 'radical' by a majority of people.. In CYC 'Extremist'. The collection of persons with extreme political, social, or religious views. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'radical' in WordNet: 3. (1) radical - (a person who has radical ideas or opinions) WN noun 'extremist': 1. extremist - (a person who holds extreme views) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Radicalish ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Radicalish :wnsense "extremist1adj", "radical1adj", "radical2adj", "revolutionary1adj" ; :wordnet "extremist", "radical", "revolutionary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Radicalish'' is an attribute of ideas or policies that favor dramatic change from established practice, likely to motivate resistance. Labeled 'radicalish' because the term ''Radical'' is used for an extremist person (see ''Radical''). Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'radical' in WordNet: 1. (5) extremist, radical, ultra - ((used of opinions and actions) far beyond the norm; 'extremist political views'; 'radical opinions on education'; 'an ultra conservative') 2. (4) revolutionary, radical - (markedly new or introducing radical change; 'a revolutionary discovery'; 'radical political views') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Radically :isMoreIntenseThan :Very ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Radicalish ; :wnsense "radically1adv" ; :wordnet "radically" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'radically' in Wordnet: 1. (6) radically - (in a radical manner; 'she took a radically different approach') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier, :Very . :Radio :guid "bf2092e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "radio" ; :wnsense "radio2n" ; :wordnet "radio" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the common 'radio' that receives broadcasted signals and plays aloud the sound transmitted - voice or music, usually. CYC: A subcollection of #$WirelessCommunicationDevice. Instances of #$Radio convert instances of #$RadioWave into instances of #$AudibleSound. This category includes only the receivers, and not devices with built-in transmitting capability. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'radio' in WordNet: 2. (8) radio receiver, receiving set, radio set, radio, tuner, wireless - (an electronic receiver that detects and demodulates and amplifies transmitted signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudioSystem, :RadioReceiver . :RadioBeam :ldoce "beam" ; :wnsense "beacon2n", "beam1n", "radio beacon2n", "radio beam1n" ; :wordnet "beacon", "beam", "radio beacon", "radio beam" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RadioBeam' is a RadioWave transmitted directionally rather than an omnidirectional broadcast. corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'beacon' in RHW: 1. a guiding or warning signal, as a light or fire, esp. one in an elevated position. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beam' in WordNet: 1. (9) radio beam, beam - (a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides pilots in darkness or bad weather) 2. radio beacon, beacon - (a radio station that broadcasts a directional signal for navigational purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Emission, :RadioWave . :RadioBroadcasting :en "radio broadcasting" ; :enn "radio broadcasting" ; :guid "bdbdf78a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$Broadcasting. In every #$RadioBroadcasting event, an #$InformationBearingThing consisting of #$AudibleSound is converted into radio signals and transmitted by a #$BroadcastAntenna, and received by a #$ReceivingAntenna. SUMO: Any instance of Broadcasting which is intended to be received by a Radio. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broadcasting, :EmittingAWave, :RadioWaveTransmission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWave ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :RadioFrequencyBand :en "radio frequency band" ; :ldoce "band" ; :wnsense "band6n" ; :wordnet "band" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RadioFrequencyBand' is a 'BandOfValues, each value of which is a radio wave frequency (e.g in Hertz or MegaHertz). This is usually used for radio (and TV) broadcasting, designating a frequency which is the center of a band of frequencies used (often legally allotted) for radio transmission in some particular area. Thus CBS radio in New York broadcasts on the 8080 kilohertz band. A band is required for broadcast because of the phenomenon that when a signal is imposed on the band, the frequencies in the signal may cause the broadcast to be detected (at lower sensitivity) by equipment tuned to other nearby frequencies. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'band' in WordNet: 6. (1) band - (a range of frequencies between two limits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandOfValues, :ValueRange . :RadioOrTVAudience :en "listening audience", "radio or TV audience" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RadioOrTVAudience'' is a ''MassAudience'' that is listening to (and/or watching) a radio or TV broadcast, or some other means of communication (e.g. podcast) where the voice of the speaker(s) can be heard by a MassAudience tuned in to the broadcast channel. For TV only use subtype ''TVAudience''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'TV audience' in WordNet: 1. (1) viewing audience, TV audience, viewers - (the audience reached by television) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassAudience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TVAudience ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Broadcasting ; owl:onProperty :isTheIntendedAudienceOf ] . :RadioOrTelevisionCommercial :ldoce "advertise" ; :wnsense "advertise1v", "advertize1v", "commercial1n" ; :wordnet "advertise", "advertize", "commercial", "publicise", "publicise1v", "publicize", "publicize1v" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RadioOrTelevisionCommercial' is an Event in which any paid (or public service) announcement is made over a broadcast radio or television channel, that is not part of a regular program of news or entertainment. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'advertise' and sense 1 of 'publicise' and noun sense 1 of 'commercial' in WordNet: 1. (7) advertise, publicize, advertize, publicise - (call attention to; 'Please don't advertise the fact that he has AIDS') WN noun 'commercial': 1. (4) commercial, commercial message - (a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advertising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Broadcasting ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :RadioReceiver :guid "c0fd6305-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "radio receiver1n", "radio set1n", "receiving set1n", "tuner2n", "wireless3n" ; :wordnet "radio receiver", "radio set", "receiving set", "tuner", "wireless" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The device used to receive transmissions broadcast in radio frequencies (does not include radio transmitters, but may be included with a transmitter in a communications panel). This includes daio receivers built into large instrument panels (other than road motor vehicles) This type is for thegeneric radio receiver; for the common home or auto radio use subtype ''Radio'', NOTE: the distinction between this and the subtype 'Radio' is that a 'RadioReceiver' need not emit a sound, only receive the signals (and perhaps process them electronically or digitally). NOTE that receiver and transmitter are not disjoint, and one device can be both. SUMO: A RadioReceiver is a Device for receiving radio broadcast signals from a RadioStation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radio receiver' in WordNet: 1. radio receiver, receiving set, radio set, radio, tuner, wireless - (an electronic receiver that detects and demodulates and amplifies transmitted signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReceiverDevice . :RadioSignalDetection :wnsense "detection3n", "reception3n", "signal detection1n" ; :wordnet "detection", "reception", "signal detection" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RadioSignalDetection'' is a ''Detection'' of a Radio signal sent intentionally by an agent to transmit information. The WN gloss mentions 'quality' of a reception - which is probably intended to mean the 'strength' of the signal. But the parent is 'broadcasting', which has neither strength or intensity or quality as part of its meaning. The WN sense is included in this type, but all other aspects of radio wave reception are included. The various facets need to be differentiated to be more specific. Like any other action, this can be done in various ways - those manners of performance can include quality or intensity. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'reception' in WordNet: 3. (3) reception - (quality or fidelity of a received broadcast) WN noun 'detection': 3. signal detection, detection - (the detection that a signal is being received) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Detection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWaveReceivingDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaDesignFunctionOf ] . :RadioSignalTransmission :wnsense "output signal1n", "output3n" ; :wordnet "output", "output signal" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RadioSignalTransmission'' is a RadioWaveTransmission Event in which some Device transmits a RadioWave that has some information content (a ''TransmittedRadioSignal'') that is presumably intended to be received and interpreted by another device. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'output' in WordNet: 3. (1) output signal, output - (signal that comes out of an electronic system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RadioWaveTransmission, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasInformationContent ; owl:someValuesFrom :InformationObject ] . :RadioWave :guid "c100962b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "radio emission1n", "radio radiation1n", "radio wave1n" ; :wordnet "radio emission", "radio radiation", "radio wave" ; a :EnergyType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ElectromagneticRadiation. Each instance of #$RadioWave is an instance of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from approximately 1 centimeter (1x108 #$Angstrom) to 3,000,000 meters (3x1018 #$Angstrom), and a frequency of approximately 108 #$Hertz to 102 #$Hertz. @ToDo: Note that at this point (v0.43) an ElectromagneticWave is not represented as a 'ray' which would be a continuous stream of particles (including photons) in a line. However, some relation needs to be created. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radio wave' in WordNet: 1. (2) radio wave, radio emission, radio radiation - (an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between 0.5 cm to 30,000 m) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectromagneticRadiationEvent . :RadioWavePhoton a :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A RadioWavePhoton is a Photon with a wavelength.in the Radio wave length." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Photon . :RadioWaveReceivingDevice :wnsense "receiver1n", "receiving system1n" ; :wordnet "receiver", "receiving system" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RadioWaveReceivingDevice'' is an ElectronicDevice whose primary function necessarily includes the reception of radio waves, which were transmitted by intelligent entities. Devices that receive natural-source radio waves can be represented by the parent type ''ReceiverDevice''. The device may have other primary functions. This category subsumes both mobile and fixed receiving radio. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'receiver' in WordNet: 1. (4) receiver, receiving system - (set that receives radio or tv signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReceiverDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWavePhoton ; owl:onProperty :detects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWave ; owl:onProperty :detects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWaveTransmission ; owl:onProperty :detects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioSignalDetection ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :RadioWaveTransmission :en "radio wave transmission" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RadioWaveTransmission'' is a subtype of ''EmittingaRadioWave'' in which the RadioWave is produced by a Device of some sort. This Event does not necesarily transmit information. An outgoing radar beam, for example,does not have any information content. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingaRadioWave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedWave ; owl:someValuesFrom :RadioWave ] . :RadioWaveTransmittingDevice :wnsense "sender2n", "transmitter3n" ; :wordnet "sender", "transmitter" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RadioWaveTransmittingDevice is an ElectronicDevice whose primary function necessarily includes the transmission of radio waves. The device may have other primary functions. This category subsumes both mobile and fixed transmitting radio devices. For RadioWaveTransmittingDevices that transmit with permits from a fixed location, use the subtype 'Transmitter'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'transmitter' in WordNet: 3. transmitter, sender - (set used to broadcast radio or tv signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWavePhoton ; owl:onProperty :canEmit ] . :Radioactive :wnsense "radioactive1adj" ; :wordnet "radioactive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of substances or objects that emit ionizing radiation, typically one or more of: alpha rays (helium nuclei), beta rays (electrons) or gamma rays (electromagnetic radiation shorter than x-rays in wavelength). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'radioactive' in Wordnet: 1. (5) radioactive - (exhibiting or caused by radioactivity; 'radioactive isotope'; 'radioactive decay'; 'radioactive fallout') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RadioactiveSubstance :guid "be01058d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc 'RadioactiveStuff': Cyc: instances are radioactive substances""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Radioactive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :canEmit ; owl:someValuesFrom :EmittableThingType ] . :RadiologicalWeapon :en "radiological weapon" ; :enn "radiological weapon" ; :guid "bf07ecc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Weapons which are designed to scatter or spread #$RadioactiveStuff; dirty bombs. SUMO: Weapons which are designed to spread radioactive particles over a large area by means of a conventional explosive device rather than a nuclear reaction. These weapons are often referred to as 'dirty bombs'. SUMO had a parent, 'RadioactiveWeapon', which included nuclear bomds, but which did not appear to need representation separately in COSMO. SUMO (RadioactiveWeapon): A WeaponOfMassDestruction which achieves its effect through radioactivity, either by an explosion resulting from nuclear fission or by a conventional explosive device that scatters radioactive debris. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeaponOfMassDestruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :RadioactiveSubstance ] . :Radiologist :guid "c0fdc0fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "radiologist1n", "radiotherapist1n" ; :wordnet "radiologist", "radiotherapist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiologist' in WordNet: 1. radiologist, radiotherapist - (a medical specialist who uses radioactive substances and X-rays in the treatment of disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Radiology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Radiology :wnsense "radiology1n" ; :wordnet "radiology" ; a :OccupationType, :SpecializationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Radiology''is an ',OccupationalSpecialization'' in which the Radiologist treats an AilmentCondition with 'ionizing radiation'' of some kind. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiology' in WordNet: 1. radiology - (the branch of medical science dealing with the medical use of X-rays or other penetrating radiation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HealthCareEvent, :OccupationalSpecialization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Radiologist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IonizingRadiation ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Radiosonde :en "radiosonde" ; :enn "radiosonde" ; :guid "bfe8111f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Radiosonde'' is a Device that has component device(s) that measure phenomena relevant to atmospheric conditions in the upper atmosphere and sends that information by radio signals back to a receiving station on Earth's surface. NOTE: the information detected and transmtted can be represented more accurately and in more detail. Some expert could provide the kind of detail useful here. CYC: The collection of meteorological devices carried by weather balloons into the upper atmosphere to measure various weather phenomena, and transmit those readings to weather stations on land. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :MeasuringDevice, :RadioWaveTransmittingDevice, :SensorDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeatherBalloon ; owl:onProperty :canBeTransportedIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeatherBalloon ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImmediateWeatherProcess ; owl:onProperty :detects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeatherAttributeValue ; owl:onProperty :detects ] . :Radish :wnsense "radish3n" ; :wordnet "radish" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Root'' of a ''RadishPlant''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'radish' in WordNet: 3. radish - (pungent edible root of any of various cultivated radish plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, :Root, :VegetableFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadishPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ] . :RadishPlant :wnsense "radish plant1n", "radish5n" ; :wordnet "radish", "radish plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Individual Radish plant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radish' in WordNet: 5. radish plant, radish - (a cruciferous plant of the genus Raphanus having a pungent edible root) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant, :Vegetable-Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadishStuff ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :RadishStuff :wnsense "radish1n" ; :wordnet "radish" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Food'' prepared from the root of a 'radish' plant.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radish' in WordNet: 1. (8) radish - (pungent fleshy edible root) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RootVegetable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadishPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Radium :guid "bd590684-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "88"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ra1n", "radium1n" ; :wordnet "Ra", "radium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of radium - could be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radium' in WordNet: 1. (7) radium, Ra, atomic number 88 - (an intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Radius :wnsense "r4n", "radius1n" ; :wordnet "r", "radius" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Radius'' is a subtype of ''LengthMeasure'' for a line from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radius' in WordNet: 1. (4) radius, r - (the length of a line segment between the center and circumference of a circle or sphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :RadiusBone :wnsense "radius4n" ; :wordnet "radius" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'radius' in WordNet: 4. radius - (the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmBone . :Radon :guid "bd58b0da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "86"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Rn1n", "radon1n" ; :wordnet "Rn", "radon" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of radon in stuffeous form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radon' in WordNet: 1. radon, Rn, atomic number 86 - (a radioactive gaseous element formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gases; occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) and is considered a hazard to health) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Gas, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Raft :guid "c0fcf439-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "raft1n" ; :wordnet "raft" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ArtifactObject that is often not a product of commerce,, but is built by potential users, that can float on water and can carry objects, but may not have any devices built in to assist propelling the raft. It may be propelled by an Oar or Pole or a makeshift sail, or be intended to remain in one place for the use of swimmers. It is a primitive ''Watercraft''. Commercial ''Raft''s are sometimes for sightseeing or 'white water rafting' on scenic rivers. CYC: A small flat kind of boat. Rubber rafts and flat wooden rafts are the most common. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raft' in WordNet: 1. (2) raft - (a flat float (usually made of logs or planks) that can be used for transport or as a platform for swimmers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Watercraft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-bottomed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rafting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Rafter :wnsense "balk3n", "baulk3n", "rafter1n" ; :wordnet "balk", "baulk", "rafter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rafter' in WordNet: 1. (1) rafter, balk, baulk - (one of several parallel sloping beams that support a roof) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuralBeam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roof ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :Rafting :eng "rafting" ; :guid "c0fd6478-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "raft2v" ; :wordnet "raft" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Transportation by way of raft. If an event is a #$TransportationEvent such that the #$transporter is a #$Raft, then the event is an element of #$Rafting. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'raft' in WordNet: 2. raft - (travel by raft in water; 'Raft the Colorado River') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boating, :RecreationalActivity . :Rag :wnsense "rag1n" ; :wordnet "rag" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Rag'' is a ''FabricObject'' (usually clothing) sufficiently worn to be of little value and a candidate for discard (rather than reselling as 'used').. Corresponds to but is broader than the part of noun sense 1 of 'rag' in WordNet referring to cloth, but not necessarily small: in WordNet: 1. (9) rag, shred, tag, tag end, tatter - (a small piece of cloth or paper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FabricObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ragged ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RagMan :en "ragman" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person (male or female) who travels around to collect 'rags' and usually to pay some nominal sum of money, and then selling those rags in order to make a profit. This is a form of self-employment that has not been profitable for over 40 years in the United States.. Perhaps is still done in undeveloped countries? Possibly a larger-scale version still exists somewhere? No sense in Wordnet. RHW 'ragman': a person who gathers or deals in rags. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :ServicePosition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GatheringRags ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Rage :wnsense "fury1n", "rage1n", "rage2n" ; :wordnet "fury", "rage" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rage' is an intense form of ''Anger'' sufficient to cause the Rage feeler to forcefully express anger, often in a emotional outburst. 'madness' is not used as a label here, more likely to mislead than enlighten. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'rage' in WordNet: 1. (21) fury, rage, madness - (a feeling of intense anger; 'hell hath no fury like a woman scorned'; 'his face turned red with rage') 2. (4) rage - (a state of extreme anger; 'she fell into a rage and refused to answer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anger . :Ragged :wnsense "ragged2adj" ; :wordnet "ragged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ragged\"'' is a property of cloth Objects that are typically still somewhat useful or functional, but have substantial damage to the surface due to use, to the extent that they may be discared as an unusable 'rag'. The recent fashion of buying and wearing clothes that are very 'ragged' makes it unclear wheher such a condition is sufficient to warrant discarding, Corresponds approximately (perhaps not at al) to part of adjective sense 1 of 'ragged' (referring to cloth objects, not people) in WordNet: 2. (2) ragged - (worn out from stress or strain; 'run ragged') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worn . :Ragweed :guid "bd58be63-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ambrosia2n", "bitterweed2n", "ragweed2n" ; :wordnet "ambrosia", "bitterweed", "ragweed" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ragweed'' is a ''Weed'' notable for its highly allergenic pollen. CYC: A plant order in the dicot subclass. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ragweed' in WordNet: 2. ragweed, ambrosia, bitterweed - (any of numerous chiefly North American weedy plants constituting the genus Ambrosia that produce highly allergenic pollen responsible for much hay fever and asthma) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant-NonWoody, :Weed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RahwayStatePenitentiary :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :Avenel_NewJersey_USA ; :isOwnedBy :GovernmentOfNewJersey ; a :Prison ; rdfs:comment """The older name for 'East Jersey State Prison', a Prison that was named for the City of Rahway, but located mostly in the neighboring town of Avenel New Jersey. One of the two prisons in New Jersey that hold the most serious offenders. """ . :RaidingForLoot :wnsense "despoil1v", "foray into1v", "foray1n", "foray1v", "loot2v", "maraud1n", "pillage1v", "plunder3v", "raid1n", "raid2v", "ransack1v" ; :wordnet "despoil", "foray", "foray into", "loot", "maraud", "pillage", "plunder", "raid", "ransack" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RaidingForLoot'' is a ''MilitaryInvasion'' that is typically brief but may be prolonged, with the invading forces staying long enough to take anything valuable that can be taken away.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'raid' in WordNet: 1. (3) foray, raid, maraud - (a sudden short attack) WN verb 'raid': 2. (2) foray into, raid - (enter someone else's territory and take spoils; 'The pirates raided the coastal villages regularly') WN verb 'pillage': 1. plunder, despoil, loot, reave, strip, rifle, ransack, pillage, foray - (steal goods; take as spoils; \"During the earthquake people looted the stores that were deserted by their owners\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Encroachment, :MilitaryInvasion, :Plundering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stealing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Rail :wnsense "rail5n" ; :wordnet "rail" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rail' in WordNet: 5. rail - (any of numerous widely distributed small wading birds of the family Rallidae having short wings and very long toes for running on soft mud) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WadingBird . :Railing :guid "c1007e99-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "balustrade1n", "banister1n", "bannister2n", "handrail1n", "rail1n", "railing1n" ; :wordnet "balustrade", "banister", "bannister", "handrail", "rail", "railing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Railing'' is a ''Wall-GenericBarrier'' consisting of a ''MostlyHorizontal'' 'Rail'' supported by a ''Balustrade'' (a row of vertically oriented ''baluster''s). this is intended to partly support people and/or prevent locomotion beyond the ''Railing''. RHW 'railing': 1. a fencelike barrier composed of one or more horizontal rails supported by widely spaced uprights; balustrade. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railing' in WordNet: 1. (3) railing, rail - (a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports) WN noun sense 1 of 'balustrade' in WordNet: 1. (3) bannister, banister, balustrade, balusters, handrail - (a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :SheetArtifact, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandRail ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Balustrade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baluster ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :supportsPartly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :R_3to4feet ; owl:onProperty :hasHeight ] . :Railroad :wnsense "railroad line1n", "railroad1n", "railway line1n", "railway system1n", "railway1n" ; :wordnet "railroad", "railroad line", "railway", "railway line", "railway system" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Railroad'' is a commercial 'CommonCarrier', a ''CommercialServiceOrganization'' that maintains a ''Railway'' and provides transportation service for people or carrying freight, in return for payment. We specify here that the ''Railroad'' organization owns both a ''Railway'' (tracks) and some ''RalroadCar''s Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railroad' in WordNet: 1. (13) railway, railroad, railroad line, railway line, railway system - (line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialServiceOrganization, :CommonCarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom :Railway ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom :RailroadCar ] . :RailroadCar :wnsense "car2n", "railcar1n", "railroad car1n", "railway car1n" ; :wordnet "car", "railcar", "railroad car", "railway car" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RailroadCar'' is any of the wheeled vehicles (including the engine - diesel or steam) designed to travel on rails as part of a train. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railroad car' in Wordnet: 1. car, railcar, railway car, railroad car - (a wheeled vehicle adapted to the rails of railroad; 'three cars had jumped the rails') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTransportationVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Train-TransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RailroadConductor :wnsense "conductor4n" ; :wordnet "conductor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RailroadPerson, :TransportationConductor . :RailroadJunction :wnsense "railway junction1n" ; :wordnet "railway junction" ; a :ObjectType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railway junction' in WordNet: 1. railway junction - (a junction where two or more railway lines meet or cross) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Junction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Railway ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :connects ] . :RailroadPerson :wnsense "railroad man1n", "railroader1n", "railway man1n", "railwayman1n", "trainman1n" ; :wordnet "railroad man", "railroader", "railway man", "railwayman", "trainman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RailroadPerson'' includes male and female employess, notwithstanding the male labels used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railroad man' in WordNet: 1. (1) trainman, railroader, railroad man, railwayman, railway man - (an employee of a railroad) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Railroad ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :RailroadRail :wnsense "rail3n", "rails1n" ; :wordnet "rail", "rails" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RailroadRail'' is one of the two steel ''Bar''s that form the essential parts of a ''Railway' that support the wheels of a train.. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rail' in WordNet: 3. track, rail, rails - (a bar or pair of parallel bars of rolled steel making the railway along which railroad cars or other vehicles can roll) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bar, :ManufacturedGoods, :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Railway ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steel ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Train-TransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :RailroadStation :guid "bfa666a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "railroad station1n", "railroad terminal1n", "railway station1n", "train depot1n", "train station1n" ; :wordnet "railroad station", "railroad terminal", "railway station", "train depot", "train station" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RailroadStation'' where trains stop to load and unload. 'All aboard!'. CYC ('RailroadStation-Physical') A specialization of both #$Building and #$TransportFacility. Each instance of #$RailroadStation-Physical is a building located near railroad tracks whose primary purpose is to be a place where trains discharge and receive passengers (and possibly freight). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'railroad station' in WordNet: 1. (5) railway station, railroad station, railroad terminal, train station, train depot - (terminal where trains load or unload passengers or goods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :TransportFacility . :RailroadTrainEngine :wnsense "engine3n", "locomotive engine1n", "locomotive1n", "railway locomotive1n" ; :wordnet "engine", "locomotive", "locomotive engine", "railway locomotive" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RailroadTrainEngine'' is a ''RailroadCar'' (part of a ''Train-TransportationDevice'') that provides the power to pull (usually) or push the other cars in the train. If it is a ''Locomotive'' it pulls or pushes other cars,and does not itself carry freight or passengers. But there are cars that are self-propelled and may or may not pull or push other cars. These other self-propelled cars are also included in this type. A ''Locomotive'' may be powered by a Diesel or steam engine, or by electricity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locomotive' in WordNet: 1. locomotive, engine, locomotive engine, railway locomotive - (a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RailroadCar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreightTrain ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cargo ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :Railway :ldoce "railway" ; :wnsense "rail line1n", "rail3n", "railroad track1n", "railroad2n", "rails1n", "railway line2n", "railway2n" ; :wordnet "rail", "rail line", "railroad", "railroad track", "rails", "railway", "railway line" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all pathways made of RailroadTracks and used for train transportation. It includes main lines and sidings. NOTE: this also includes the subtype ''RollerCoaster'', so it is not necessarily used for transporting from place to place. Railway is the subclass of LandTransitways that have rails along which Trains may travel. A railway consists of the rail bed, sleepers, tracks, electric rails, switches, sensors, lights, crossing grades, and any other integral machinery or parts of a section of railway. @ToDO: The rails are part of a Railway? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'railway' in WordNet: 2. (1) railroad track, railroad, railway - (a line of track providing a runway for wheels; 'he walked along the railroad track') WN 'railway line': 2. line, railway line, rail line - (the road consisting of railroad track and roadbed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathForWheeledVehicles, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Train-TransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :Rain :consistsOfManyOf :Raindrop ; :hasUnitObject :Raindrop ; :isProducedByEventType :RainEvent ; :ldoce "rain" ; :wnsense "rain2n" ; :wordnet "rain" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance consisting of multiple small drops of Water dropping from the sky as precipitation. NOTE: after it has hit the ground, rainwater is no longer 'Rain'. @ToDo; a class of 'Runoff' could capture moving, recently fallen rain. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rain' in WordNet: 2. (5) rain, rainwater - (drops of fresh water that fall as precipitation from clouds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Water . :RainCoat :guid "bd588e68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "raincoat1n", "waterproof2n" ; :wordnet "raincoat", "waterproof" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all rain coats. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raincoat' in WordNet: 1. raincoat, waterproof - (a water-resistant coat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coat, :RainGear . :RainEvent :guid "bd58ff5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rain" ; :wnsense "rain1n", "rainfall1n" ; :wordnet "rain", "rainfall" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'RainProcess' in cyc: Cyc: A specialization of #$PrecipitationProcess. Each instance of #$RainProcess is an event in which the condensed liquid water in one or more clouds forms droplets (or ice cystals which subsequently melt in mid-air) substantial enough to fall to the surface of the planet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rain' in WordNet; NOTE: WordNet considers falling of rain to be a Process; though in COSMO processes are represented as 'FunctionalProcess', in general processes are represented by the Events that such processes give rise to, so this sense of Rain is an Event - the faloing of rain for a certain period of time. in WordNet: 1. (25) rain, rainfall - (water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere) WN verb 'rain': 1. (13) rain, rain down - (precipitate as rain; 'If it rains much more, we can expect some flooding') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FallingEvent, :WaterMotion, :WaterPrecipitationProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rain ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :RainGear :en "rain gear", "rain wear", "rainwear" ; :enn "rain gear", "rain wear", "rainwear" ; :guid "c0fd6afd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of clothes which are worn for protection from the elements. NOTE: this is broader than the CYC type, expanded to include anything used for protection (from ''GettingWet'') while walking in the rain. RHW 'rainwear': waterproof or water-repellent clothing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ProtectiveObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WalkingInTheRain ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GettingWet ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waterproof ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ] . :RainStorm :wnsense "rainstorm1n" ; :wordnet "rainstorm" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Event of a storm in which rain falls. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rainstorm' in WordNet: 1. rainstorm - (a storm with rain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RainEvent . :RainStormAsObject :consistsMostlyOfSubstance :Rain ; :guid "bd5905df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the 'composition' of a storm is categorized by the material making up the precipitation. Cyc: Heavy rain and lots of wind. See also #$RainStormAsEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :StormAsObject . :Rainbow :guid "bda483fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rainbow1n" ; :wordnet "rainbow" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Arcs of spectral colors appearing in a gaseous medium filled with water droplets or ice crystals appearing opposite from the light source (normally the #$Sun). Because this is not a well-defined Object, it is classified here as a ''LightEmissionPhenomenon'', a ''Phenomenon'' (located in the ''Sky'') that emits multicolored light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rainbow' in Wordnet: 1. (2) rainbow - (an arc of colored light in the sky caused by refraction of the sun's rays by rain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightEmissionPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArcShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sky ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MulticoloredLight ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ColorsOfTheRainbow ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RefractingLight ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :RainbowColorTypes :hasAttributeType :HeterogeneityAttribute ; :hasFirstElement :Color ; :hasFourthElement ; :hasSecondElement :N_6 ; :hasThirdElement :RainbowColors ; :isAnAttributeOf :ColorsOfTheRainbow ; a :AttributeVariation . :RainbowColors :hasComponentElement :Blue, :GreenColor, :OrangeColor, :Red, :VioletColor, :YellowColor ; a :Group . :Raindrop :wnsense "raindrop1n" ; :wordnet "raindrop" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Raindrop' is a single drop of Rain, whether in the sky or isolated on the ground. When merged with other Raindrops, is it no longer a .''Raindrop'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raindrop' in WordNet: 1. raindrop - (a drop of rain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :DropOfWater, :PrecipitationParticle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RainEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Raininess :guid "bd58b451-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "foulness3n", "raininess1n" ; :wordnet "foulness", "raininess" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a ''Raininess'' is a PersistentState in which some OutdoorLocation for some period of time is ''Rainy'', i.e. is experiencing a ''RainEvent''. NOte that WN calls this 'unpleasant', and that is reflected in the inheritance of 'UnpleasantThing' - even though farmers may rejoice when rains comes after a dry spell; regardless of its benefits, it is intrinsically ''Unpleasant''. In CYC this is a quantitative attribute, but in COSMO the representation is different. At some point degrees of ''Raininess'' can be represented, but as of rev1607 it is not needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raininess' in WordNet: 1. foulness, raininess - (of weather) the badness of the weather; 'they were wearied with the foulness of the weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :UnpleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RainEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OutdoorLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rainy ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Rainy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Raininess ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Rain ; :wnsense "rainy1adj" ; :wordnet "rainy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having ''Rain''. NOTE if there is significant''Wind''' one can use the subtype ''Stormy''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rainy' in WordNet: 1. showery, rainy - ((of weather) wet by periods of rain; 'showery weather'; 'rainy days') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeatherAttributeValue . :Raised :isAnAttributeValueOf :Altitude, :Structure ; :isTheOppositeOf :Low ; :wnsense "raised1adj" ; :wordnet "raised" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of an artifact intended to support something (a ''Structure'') whose top is elevated somewhat above the local ground, or for indoor objects, above the local floor (as a 'raised platform' for speakers at a gathering). If it is oudoors and more than six feet above the surrounding ground, it would be ''Elevated'' For outdoor locations projecting more than six feet above the ground,use ''Elevated''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'raised' in Wordnet: 1. (5) raised - (above the surround or above the normal position; 'a raised design'; 'raised eyebrows') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :High . :RaisedDot :en "braille dot", "raised dot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RaisedDot'' is a special type of ''Convexity'' on an otherwise flat surface - usually a thick ''SheetOfpaper'' that is shaped like half of a BB, about 1 mm wide and 2 mm high, mostly created to provide a surface pattern that can be felt, not just seen. This is mostly used in creating ''Braille'' writing, where specific organized patterns of such ''RaisedDot''s represent specific letters of the alphabet or numbers or other writing symbols. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convexity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RaisedInValue :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :RaisingaValue ; :wnsense "inflated4adj", "raise3adj" ; :wordnet "inflated", "raised" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RaisedInValue'' is an AttributeValue of Quantities that have been increased by a ''RaisingaValue'' Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'raised' in Wordnet: 3. raised, inflated - (increased especially to abnormal levels; 'the raised prices frightened away customers'; 'inflated wages'; 'an inflated economy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Raisin :guid "bd58f183-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "raisin1n" ; :wordnet "raisin" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of individual raisins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raisin' in WordNet: 1. raisin - (dried grape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DriedFruitObject, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grape ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Raising :en "lifting" ; :eng "lifting", "raising" ; :ldoce "raise" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :Lowering ; :wnsense "bring up4v", "elevate2v", "get up3v", "lift1v", "raise2v" ; :wordnet "bring up", "elevate", "get up", "lift", "raise" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Raising is an Action (not necessarily caused by an IntelligentAgent) in which some agent causes a PhysicalObject to move upward, away from the center of gravity. This is for moving PhysicalObjects; for the more general 'raising' of quantities, use 'IncreaseEvent' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'raise' in WordNet: 2. (26) raise, lift, elevate, get up, bring up - (raise from a lower to a higher position; 'Raise your hands'; 'Lift a load') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :MotionUpward . :RaisingAnimals :ldoce "raise" ; :wnsense "raise5v" ; :wordnet "raise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RaisingAnimals' is the act of caring for animals from the time they are young (not necessarily breeding them) until they are old enough for some purpose (e.g. to eat, give milk, breed, etc, for farm animals). NOTE that this includes 'raising' human children, which is more specifically represented by the subtype ''RaisingChildren''. Coresponds to verb sense 6 and part of verb sense 5 of 'raise' (referring to animals), and verb sense 2 of 'rear' in WordNet: WN 'raise': 5. (6) grow, raise, farm, produce - (cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; 'The Bordeaux region produces great red wines'; 'They produce good ham in Parma'; 'We grow wheat here'; 'We raise hogs here') 6. (7) rear, raise, bring up, nurture, parent - (bring up; 'raise a family'; 'bring up children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nurturing, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AdultAnimal :AnimalType ) ] ] . :RaisingByHand :en "raising" ; :ldoce "raise" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :Lowering ; :wnsense "lift1v", "raise2v" ; :wordnet "lift", "raise" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RaisingByHand'' is a ''Raising'' Action in which some ''Person''(s) causes a PhysicalObject to move upward, away from the center of gravity, using one or more hands. This can be done by two or more people working together on a bulky or heavy object. NOTE: this is a 'lifting' that does not necessarily include moving an object from one location and putting it down in another. For that sense use ''MovingByLifting''; this Action is a subEvent of ''MovingByLifting''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'raise' (using the Hand) in WordNet: 2. (26) raise, lift, elevate, get up, bring up - (raise from a lower to a higher position; 'Raise your hands'; 'Lift a load') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Raising, :UsingTheHand . :RaisingChildren :en "parenting" ; :eng "parenting", "raising" ; :wnsense "breeding3n", "bring up2v", "bringing up1n", "fosterage1n", "fostering2n", "nurture2n", "nurture2v", "parent1v", "raise6v", "raising3n", "rear2v", "rearing2n", "upbringing2n" ; :wordnet "breeding", "bring up", "bringing up", "fosterage", "fostering", "nurture", "parent", "raise", "raising", "rear", "rearing", "upbringing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of rearing (providing food, shelter, health care and education to) one or more children, not including the act of giving birth to the child. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'rear' in WordNet: 2. (2) rear, raise, bring up, nurture, parent - (bring up; 'raise a family'; 'bring up children') WN noun 'nurture': 2. breeding, bringing up, fostering, fosterage, nurture, raising, rearing, upbringing - (helping someone grow up to be an accepted member of the community; \"they debated whether nature or nurture was more important\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingAnAgent, :RaisingAnimals, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Child ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParentOrGuardian ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingaChild ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Educating :FeedingAnAnimal :ActionType ) ] ] . :RaisingCrops :en "raise crops", "raising crops" ; :wnsense "raise6v" ; :wordnet "raise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RaisingCrops'' is the series of actions involved in planting and tending crop plants for \"Harvesting, whether for market or personal use. The Reaping of the crops is separate ''ReapingCrops''.. Note that the Person performing this is a ''Farmer'' whether or not the ''CropPlant''s are raised for sale. When harvested (by ''Reaping'') the useful parts of the plants (as a Group) become an instance of ''Crop''. @mod51 \"crop\" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cultivation, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Plant :CropPlant :PlantType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Farmer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantingaPlant ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReapingCrops ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ] . :RaisingDough :wnsense "raise15v" ; :wordnet "raise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''RaisingDough'' is an ''ExpandingInVolume'' in which some quantity of Dough increases in size as a result of the action of added ''Leaven''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 15 of 'raise' in Wordnet: 15. raise, leaven, prove - (cause to puff up with a leaven; 'unleavened bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Swelling-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfDough ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfDough ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leaven ; owl:onProperty :usedSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeavenedFoodObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeaveningDough ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :RaisingMoney :wnsense "raise4v" ; :wordnet "raise" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is ''RasingMoney' for a non-profit organization, political candidate or 'good cause'. This is the general case of fundraising. Performing ''RaisingMOney'' as an occupation or business is an instance of the subtype ''FundRaising''. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'raise' in WordNet: 4. (14) raise - (collect funds for a specific purpose; 'The President raised several million dollars for his college') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollectingMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:NonProfitOrganization :SupportingaCauseOrParty :SponsoringaPerson :OrganizationType :ActionType ) ] ] . :RaisingaTopic :en "bring up a topic", "raise a topic", "raising a topic" ; :wnsense "bring up6v", "posit2v", "put forward1v", "raise19v", "state2v", "submit2v" ; :wordnet "bring up", "posit", "put forward", "raise", "state", "submit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''RaisingaTopic'' is a ''Mentioning'' that occurs in the course of a ''Discussion'' . Corresponds to verb sense 19 of 'raise' in WordNet: 19. raise, bring up - (put forward for consideration or discussion; 'raise the question of promotions'; 'bring up an unpleasant topic') WN verb 'put forward': 1. (1) submit, state, put forward, posit - (put before; 'I submit to you that the accused is guilty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mentioning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Mention ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discussion ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :RaisingaValue :ldoce "raise" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :LoweringaValue ; :wnsense "raise1v" ; :wordnet "raise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RaisingaValue' is an Action of IntelligentAgent in which some agent causes some quantitative value to increase. The object of this Action is an Attribute or some other intangible thing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'raise' in WordNet: 1. (40) raise - (raise the level or amount of something; 'raise my salary'; 'raise the price of bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IncreaseEvent . :Rake :wnsense "rake3n" ; :wordnet "rake" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device which consists of a handle and a head with at least three 'teeth' arranged in a row. This includes leaf rakes with flexible long teeth and soil rakes with shorter rigid metallic teeth. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rake' in Wordnet: 3. rake - (a long-handled tool with a row of teeth at its head; used to move leaves or loosen soil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :LongHandledTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RakeHead ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Raking ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :RakeHead a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''RakeHead'' is the multi-toothed end of various types of ''Rake'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingHead, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rake ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rake ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Raking :wnsense "rake1v" ; :wordnet "rake" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of removing objects from a surface or moving them around a surface or gathering them with a ''Rake''. Though this is not necessarily primarily a 'cleaning' action, the parent type is left in until more distinctions or subtypes are needed. Includes verb senses 2 and 5 of 'rake' in Wordnet: 2. (1) rake - (level or smooth with a rake; 'rake gravel') 5. rake - (gather with a rake; 'rake leaves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningEvent, :Gathering, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ; owl:someValuesFrom :Surface-Physical ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rake ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ] . :Rally :wnsense "mass meeting1n", "rally1n" ; :wordnet "mass meeting", "rally" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rally'' is an ''Assembly'' gathered together to demonstrate support for a person or cause. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rally' in WordNet: 1. (2) rally, mass meeting - (a large gathering of people intended to arouse enthusiasm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assembly, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadCauseOrAgentSupported ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType :Action :ActionType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Rallying :en "rally", "rallying" ; :wnsense "muster up1v", "muster1v", "rally3v", "summon3v" ; :wordnet "muster", "muster up", "rally", "summon" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rallying'' is a 'summoning' of people to participate in a ''Rally'' to provide support for a person or cause, by any sort of Action. Sense 6 of RHW 'rally' is closer: 6. to come to the assistance of a person, party, or cause (often fol. by to or around): to rally around a political candidate. The closest verb sense of 'rally' in WordNet is not close enough to capture any part of the meaning of this subtype of ''Assembling'': in WordNet: 3. (1) muster, rally, summon, come up, muster up - (gather or bring together; 'muster the courage to do something'; 'she rallied her intellect'; 'Summon all your courage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advocacy, :Assembling, :SupportingaCauseOrParty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadCauseOrAgentSupported ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType :Action :ActionType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Ram :wnsense "ram5n", "tup1n" ; :wordnet "ram", "tup" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A male sheep. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'ram' in WordNet: 5. ram, tup - (uncastrated adult male sheep; 'a British term is 'tup'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MaleAnimal, :Sheep, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uncastrated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ram-Device :wnsense "ram4n" ; :wordnet "ram" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ram-Device'' is a simple strong rigid ''Device'' that is used to open breaches in barriers such as a 'battering ram'' to break down doors Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'ram' in WordNet: 4. ram - (a tool for driving or forcing something by impact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject, :Tool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blade ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Ramadan :wnsense "Ramadan1n" ; :wordnet "Ramadan" ; a :IslamicCalendarMonth ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ramadan' in WordNet: 1. Ramadan - (the ninth month of the Islamic calendar; the month of fasting; the holiest period for the Islamic faith) """ . :Rambling :eng "rambling" ; :wnsense "ramble on1v", "ramble1v" ; :wordnet "ramble", "ramble on" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rambling'' is a subtype of ''ContinueTalking'' in which the talking is not well focused on a topic, or 'wanders' from one topic to another or is not connected to form a coherent assertion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ramble' in WordNet: 1. (2) ramble on, ramble, jog - (continue talking or writing in a desultory manner; \"This novel rambles on and jogs\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContinueTalking . :Ramp :guid "c0fba8d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ramp1n" ; :wordnet "ramp" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sloping path along a solid. This differs from an ''Incline'' in being an ArtifactObject and being only wide enough for practical purposes, whereas an ''Incline'' can be natural and very wide, as on a mountain. SUMO: Ramp is the class of Objects that are inclined planes used for moving objects from one level to another, especially used for wheeled vehicles and people who cannot climb stairs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ramp' in Wordnet: 1. (2) ramp, incline - (an inclined surface connecting two levels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Incline, :SolidSurfacePathThroughAir . :Rampant :wnsense "rampant1adj" ; :wordnet "rampant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of human Actions, especially those that are violent. This is the most general sense and can be an attribute of various things: e.g. a rampant rumor. In internet-speak this comes close to 'viral' for electronic messaging. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rampant' in Wordnet: 1. (1) rampant - (unrestrained and violent; 'rampant aggression') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unrestrained . :Ranch :wnsense "cattle farm1n", "cattle ranch1n", "ranch1n", "spread3n" ; :wordnet "cattle farm", "cattle ranch", "ranch", "spread" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The piece of RealEstate (the physical objects occupying the Earth's surface in some geographical area) which serves as the place where raising animals for sale is the primary business.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ranch' in WordNet: 1. (4) ranch, spread, cattle ranch, cattle farm - (farm consisting of a large tract of land along with facilities needed to raise livestock (especially cattle)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealEstate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalHusbandry ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :RanchHand :wnsense "ranch hand1n" ; :wordnet "ranch hand" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RanchHand'' is a ''HiredHand'' who works on a ranch. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ranch hand' in WordNet: 1. ranch hand - (a hired had on a ranch) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HiredHand . :Rancher :wnsense "rancher1n" ; :wordnet "rancher" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rancher'' is a Person who owns or is a part owner of a ''Ranch''. In addition to the property that is the ''Ranch'', a ''Rancher'' will typically own some animals that are raised for sale. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rancher' in WordNet: 1. (5) rancher - (a person who owns or operates a ranch) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Farmer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasOwnershipIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ranch ] . :Random :wnsense "random1adj", "random2adj" ; :wordnet "random" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Random' is the QualitativeAttributeValue that indicates that the thing (event, object) occurred randomly or was the result of a RandomEvent, or became . ''Randomized'' in a ''Randomizing'' Event. For something that experienced (was the object of)''Randomizing'' use the subtype ''Randomized''. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'random' in WordNet: 1. (12) random - (lacking any definite plan or order or purpose; governed by or depending on chance; 'a random choice'; 'bombs fell at random'; 'random movements') 2. (2) random - (taken haphazardly; 'a random choice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RandomChoice :ldoce "choice" ; :wnsense "choice1n" ; :wordnet "choice" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RandomChoice' is something (object, event) chosen in a 'ChoosingAtRandom' event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Choice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasSelectedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChoosingAtRandom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Random ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChoosingAtRandom ] . :RandomEvent :ldoce "chance", "fortune", "luck" ; :wnsense "chance2n", "fortune1n", "luck3n" ; :wordnet "chance", "fortune", "luck" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RandomEvent' is an Event that is itself unpredictable or unknowable or has unpredictable effects in causing things to happen. Representing 'Chance' as an Event is non-intuitive, but analysis of the notion of 'chance' and 'luck' does suggest that it covers unpredicted events that have influenced some situation of interest. NOTE that 'chance events' will not typically be predictable, but after they have worked their effects, they may be recognized as having had an effect- therefore they are not necessarily 'unknown' (as suggesgted by the Wordnet gloss) except in advance. @ToDo: chance or luck or good fortune can also be indicated by the attribute 'Lucky' for a fortunate event. Need to distinguish good luck and bad luck. This is close to the meaning of sense 1 of 'fortune' and sense 2 of 'chance' in WordNet in WordNet: 2. (8) luck, fortune, chance, hazard - (an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another; 'bad luck caused his downfall'; 'we ran into each other by pure chance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpredictable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RandomHouse a :Publisher . :Randomized :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Randomizing ; :wnsense "randomised1adj", "randomized1adj" ; :wordnet "randomised", "randomized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Randomized'' is the AttributeValue of something that exerienced ''Randomizing' so that its order has become ''Random''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'randomized' in Wordnet: 1. randomized, randomised - (set up or distributed in a deliberately random way) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Random . :Randomizing :wnsense "randomise1v", "randomize1v" ; :wordnet "randomise", "randomize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Randomizing'' is to 'disorder' some ''ObjectGroup'' so that they become in aproximated ''Random'' order. It is very diffucult to completely randomize something, so the resulting order is interpreted as being so randomized that it is difficult to discern the ordering. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'randomize' in WordNet: 1. randomize, randomise - (arrange in random order; 'Randomize the order of the numbers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disarranging . :Randomly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Random ; :wnsense "arbitrarily1adv", "at random1adv", "every which way1adv", "haphazardly1adv", "indiscriminately1adv", "randomly1adv", "willy-nilly1adv" ; :wordnet "arbitrarily", "at random", "every which way", "haphazardly", "indiscriminately", "randomly", "willy-nilly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Test objects being 'randomly selected' is an important factor in scientific studies, such as 'double blind' clinical studies. Lotteries depend on the results being randomly chosen. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'randomly' in Wordnet: 1. (2) randomly, indiscriminately, haphazardly, willy-nilly, arbitrarily, at random, every which way - (in a random manner; 'the houses were randomly scattered'; 'bullets were fired into the crowd at random') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Randy :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :SexualArousal ; :wnsense "aroused4adj", "horny1adj", "randy1adj", "ruttish1adj", "steamy3adj", "turned on1adj" ; :wordnet "aroused", "horny", "randy", "ruttish", "steamy", "turned on" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Randy'' is the attribute of someone who is sexually aroused (See ''SexualArousal'').. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'randy' in Wordnet: 1. aroused, horny, randy, ruttish, steamy, turned on - (feeling great sexual desire; 'feeling horny') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desirous . :Range :ldoce "range", "reach" ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "range2n", "reach1n" ; :wordnet "range", "reach" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :ScopeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Range' is the distance within which some PhysicalObject can directly act on other PhysicalObjects in some specific way. This is broadly applicable to many kinds of actions. For firearms, it is the distance within which reasonably accurate fire can be directed at targets; for a person manipulating an object, it would be there reach of the arms; for communications, the distance over which the communication method can transmit its effect (e.g. for speaking, it would be the raneg of one's voice 'earshot'). For electronic communications equipment, the distance within which other communications equipment normally receiving such signals can do so with reasonable accuracy. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'range' and sense 1 of 'reach' in WordNet: 2. (14) range, reach - (the limits within which something can be effective; 'range of motion'; 'he was beyond the reach of their fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distance, :Scope . :RangeOfValues a :AbstractText, owl:Thing . :Rank :wnsense "rank2n" ; :wordnet "rank" ; a :RankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rank'' is a ''Status'' (a 'position') in some a formally organized hierarchy (e.g. of influence or salary or popularity, as in a 'Best Seller' list). NOTE that ''Seniority'' is a subtype of 'Rank''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rank' in WordNet: 2. (6) rank - (relative status; 'his salary was determined by his rank and seniority') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :Status . :RankOfPeople :ldoce "rank" ; :wnsense "rank1n" ; :wordnet "rank" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RankOfPeople' is a LinearlyOrderedGroup of people; aligned perpendicular to their direction of movement or to the direction they are facing. 'a police cordon two ranks deep' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rank' in WordNet: 1. (20) rank - (a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another; 'the entrance was guarded by ranks of policemen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RowOfPeople . :RankType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """RankType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''Rank'' as their argument. NOTE that this type is a subtype of both ''ActionType'' (as a ''Status'' - state) and ''RoleType'' (as a ''Role'' a Person can play). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :RoleType . :RankineDegree a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TemperatureMeasure. Note that 0 RankineDegrees is the same as the absolute zero (i.e. 0 KelvinDegrees) """^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemperatureMeasure . :RankingSomething :eng "ranking", "rating" ; :wnsense "grade1v", "place3v", "range8v", "rank2v", "rate1v" ; :wordnet "grade", "place", "range", "rank", "rate" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RankingSomething'' is a specialization of 'Evaluating' in which some agent tries to place objects in some order, usually of value, or assign some numerical rating relative to others. corresponds to sense 1 of 'rate' and sense 2 of 'rank' in WordNet WN verb 'rate': 1. (9) rate, rank, range, order, grade, place - (assign a rank or rating to; 'how would you rank these students?'; 'The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaluating . :Ranting :eng "ranting" ; :wnsense "jabber1v", "mouth off1v", "rabbit on1v", "rant1v", "rave2v", "spout2v" ; :wordnet "jabber", "mouth off", "rabbit on", "rant", "rave", "spout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ranting'' is a Speaking in which the ''Speaker'' exhibits and expresses some Emotion,in manner not intended to carefully convey information. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rant' in WordNet: 1. rant, mouth off, jabber, spout, rabbit on, rave - (talk in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excitedly ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :RapMusic :wnsense "hip-hop2n", "rap music1n", "rap5n" ; :wordnet "hip-hop", "rap", "rap music" ; a :EventType, :GenreType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RapMusic'' has as subEvent the rhythmic talking called 'rapping' which is not yet (rev1717) represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rap music' in WordNet: 1. rap, rap music, hip-hop - (genre of African-American music of the 1980s and 1990s in which rhyming lyrics are chanted to a musical accompaniment; several forms of rap have emerged) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopularMusic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rapper ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Rape :wnsense "assault2v", "assault4n", "dishonor2v", "dishonour2v", "outrage3v", "rape1n", "rape3v", "ravish1v", "ravishment2n", "violate5v", "violation5n" ; :wordnet "assault", "dishonor", "dishonour", "outrage", "rape", "ravish", "ravishment", "violate", "violation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rape'' is an ''Assault'' in which one person uses force or threat of force to compel another person to perform sexual acts, especially sexual intercourse. Most commonly this is performed by en against women but same-sex rape is included. Also, sexual activitya witht a minor (under 18 years old) is sometimes legally included,in which case this type will apply to that action as well (being too young to consent is here considered against one's consent).. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 3 of 'rape' in WordNet: 1. (4) rape, ravish, violate, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage - (force (someone) to have sex against their will; 'The woman was raped on her way home at night') WN noun 'rape': 3. rape, violation, assault, ravishment - (the crime of forcing a woman to submit to sexual intercourse against her will) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assault, :SexualAbuse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :RapidOnset :wnsense "oncoming1n", "onset1n" ; :wordnet "oncoming", "onset" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RapidOnset'' is a ''BeginningOfAnEvent'' that occurs over a (relatively) short period of time. Corresponds to part (or a rapid onset) of noun sense 1 of 'onset' in WordNet: 1. (42) onset, oncoming - (the beginning or early stages; 'the onset of pneumonia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeginningOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RapidlyFlowingWater :en "rapidly flowing water" ; :enn "rapidly flowing water" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :WaveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RapidlyFlowingWater'' is a subtype of ''FlowingWater'' for streams of water that are flowing rapidly. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlowingWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flowing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rapids :en "rapids" ; :enn "rapids" ; :guid "bd58f542-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rapid1n" ; :wordnet "rapid" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rapids'' is a ''StreamSection'' where the water is flowing fast,and if there are protruding rocks, may have ''WhiteWater'. Also referred to as 'white water' CYC: part of a stream where the water is extra fast and usually broken by obstructions Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rapids' in WordNet: 1. rapid - (a part of a river where the current is very fast) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StreamSection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stream ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WhiteWater ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RapidlyFlowingWater ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Rapist :guid "bf51eb07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "raper1n", "rapist1n" ; :wordnet "raper", "rapist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Peson who performs ''Rape'' even once is categorized as a ''Rapist'' (for that action. NOTE:legally this includes having sex with minors under the age of consent. CYC: The collection of people that have committed an act of #$Rape. If the act occured in a location in which it was illegal, the #$Rapist is a #$SexOffender.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rapist' in WordNet: 1. (1) raper, rapist - (someone who forces another to have sexual intercourse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, :RoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rape ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rape ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :Rapper :wnsense "rapper1n" ; :wordnet "rapper" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rapper'' is a ''MusicalPerformer'' who talks in a rhyming rhythmic manner to the background beat of ''RapMusic''. NOTE: in WN the parent type is 'singer' but that does not fit the usual style of a ''Rapper''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rapper' in WordNet: 1. rapper - (someone who performs rap music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalPerformer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RapMusic ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Rapport :wnsense "rapport1n", "resonance4n" ; :wordnet "rapport", "resonance" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rapport'' is a close ''Affinity'' of people who similar ideas or feelings on more than one topic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rapport' in WordNet: 1. (1) rapport, resonance - (a relationship of mutual understanding or trust and agreement between people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affinity . :Rare :isMoreIntenseThan :Infrequent ; :ldoce "rare" ; :wnsense "rare2adj" ; :wordnet "rare" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Rare' is a property of Events that occur *much* less often in any given TimeInterval than is typical for the type of Event that is the basis for comparison; or recur at very long time intervals. There is no clear absolute standard of 'Rare' in this sense, but events that occur on or are easily visible from Earth less than once every twenty years can be called 'Rare' in an absolute sense. Events that occur more frequently may be relatively 'Rare', or merely 'Infrequent' To be 'Rare' an Event should occur no more than once in every fifty occurences of the Event type used for comparison. Thus a 'rare' burst of temper should occur no more often than once every thirty days or so. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'rare' in WordNet: 2. (2) rare - (recurring only at long intervals; 'a rare appearance'; 'total eclipses are rare events') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Infrequent . :RareEarthElement :wnsense "lanthanide1n", "lanthanoid1n", "lanthanon1n", "rare earth1n", "rare-earth element1n" ; :wordnet "lanthanide", "lanthanoid", "lanthanon", "rare earth", "rare-earth element" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RareEarthElement'' is any element categorized within the 'rare earth' series of elements. RHW: any of a group of closely related metallic elements, comprising the lanthanides, scandium, and yttrium, that are chemically similar by virtue of having the same number of valence electrons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rare earth' in WordNet: 1. (1) rare earth, rare-earth element, lanthanoid, lanthanide, lanthanon - (any element of the lanthanide series (atomic numbers 57 through 71)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement . :RareEvent :wnsense "oddity3n" ; :wordnet "oddity" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RareEvent' is an 'Event' that seldom occurs, sufficiently unusual to be noteworthy. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'oddity' in RHW (the 'event' part): 1. an odd or remarkably unusual person, thing, or event. A truly odd event might be called a 'wonder'. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 3 of 'cause' in WordNet, assuming that Events are included amnong 'oddities', though not mentioned in the WN documentation. in WordNet: 1. (2) curio, curiosity, oddity, oddment, peculiarity, rarity - (something unusual - perhaps worthy of collecting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnusualThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rare ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infrequent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remarkable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rash :wnsense "efflorescence1n", "rash1n", "roseola1n", "skin rash1n" ; :wordnet "efflorescence", "rash", "roseola", "skin rash" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Is a ''Rash' a ''Disease'' or a ''Symptom''.?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rash' in WordNet: 1. rash, roseola, efflorescence, skin rash - (any red eruption of the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkinDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inflammation ; owl:onProperty :hasSymptom ] . :Raspberry :wnsense "raspberry2n" ; :wordnet "raspberry" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Raspberry'' is a small Berry consisting of multiple small parts - related to the ''Blackberry''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'raspberry' in WordNet: 2. raspberry - (red or black edible aggregate berries usually smaller than the related blackberries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Berry . :Rat :guid "bd58bbaf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rat" ; :wnsense "rat1n" ; :wordnet "rat" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Rodent that has a hairless tail like a Mouse but that is larger than a Mouse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rat' in WordNet: 1. (5) rat - (any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent, :Vermin . :Ratchet a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ratchet'' is an''AssemblyOfMachineParts'' that includes a toothed wheel and a pawl and may have other parts to fit the two essential components to a larger Device that requires means of restricting rotary motion to a single direction. This can be found, for example, in a mechanical clock. \"ToothedWheel Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ratchet' in WordNet: 1. ratchet, rachet, ratch - (mechanical device consisting of a toothed wheel or rack engaged with a pawl that permits it to move in only one direction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssemblyOfMachineParts, :MechanicalComponent, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RatchetWheel ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pawl ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :RatchetTooth :wnsense "tooth5n" ; :wordnet "tooth" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RatchetTooth'' is one of multiple ''Protrusion''s arranged at fixed intervals around the outer circumference of a ''RatchetWheel'', each tooth having a triangular shape, and usually having one of its two protruding edges that is aligned with a radius of the wheel, and the other side aligned at an angle, so that the 'pawl' that contacts it will catch and prevent the wheel from moving in the direction where the pawl is located, but allow the wheel to move in the direction away from the 'pawl, thus restricting the wheel to rotation in only one direction. NOTE: This is not represented explicitly in WN, where a 'ratchet wheel' has 'notches' rather than 'teeth'. The entry for a 'gear' tooth' is expanded to include this concept. Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'tooth' in WordNet: 5. tooth - (one of a number of uniform projections on a gear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfanArtifact, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RatchetWheel ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RatchetWheel ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEdgeOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Triangular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :RatchetWheel :wnsense "ratchet wheel1n" ; :wordnet "ratchet wheel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RatchetWheel'' is a ''ToothedWheel'' used in a ''Ratchet'' mechanism to limit the direction of rotation of the axle of the ''RatchetWheel'' to one direction. Such a wheel has a number of 'teeth' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ratchet wheel' in WordNet: 1. ratchet wheel - (toothed wheel held in place by a pawl or detent and turned by a lever) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :ToothedWheel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ratchet ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RatchetTooth ; owl:minCardinality "5" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rate :takesValue :RateMeasure ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the generic 'rate' that serves as a pointer to QuantitativeAttributeValues expressing the type and number of things that occur or change in some interval of time. Thus one may say 'they were made at a rate of five units per day' or 'he made four spelling errors in every paragraph' The type of 'rate' that is referenced in such a statement is expressed by a ''RatioQuantity'' or any of its subtypes such as ''RateMeasure'' (a magnitude or frequency """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RatioQuantity :RateMeasure ) ] ] . :RateDecrease :wnsense "deceleration1n", "retardation1n", "slowing1n" ; :wordnet "deceleration", "retardation", "slowing" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which the 'rate' of something decreases. This is the intransitive Event,caused by the transitive Action of ''RetardingaProcess''. The 'process' retarded can be any ''ProcessiveEvent'' in which some quantity of things per unit time is added or subtracted or changed so that some measurable quantity per unit time is reduced. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deceleration' in Wordnet: 1. (2) deceleration, slowing, retardation - (a decrease in rate of change; 'the deceleration of the arms race') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetardingaProcess ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :RateIncrease :wnsense "acceleration1n" ; :wordnet "acceleration" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which the 'rate' of something is increased, i.e. some process in which some quantity of things per unit time is added or subtracted is modofied so that the quantity per unit time iss changed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acceleration' in Wordnet: 1. (2) acceleration - (an increase in rate of change; 'modern science caused an acceleration of cultural change') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent . :RateMeasure :guid "bd58ebc2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'Measurement' that expresses the type *and number of things that occur in some interval of time, as in '5 metersPerSecond', '100 dollarsPerMonth', etc. The CYC functions that instantiate rates (see CYC doc below) are not yet (rev1021) implemented in COSMO. @ToDo. NOTE: the units and measures to express things occurring in some time interval in COSMO are organized in four classes, the first three of which are UnitsOfMeasure: FrequencyUnit: reciprocal time units, as ;perSecond', 'perHour', 'perYear' Frequency: number of (something) that occurs in some time unit, as '5 perHour', '2 perDay' RateUnit: the things that occur in some time unit, as 'metersPerSecond', 'cyclesPerSecond', 'iterationsPerDay', 'carsPerHour' etc. RateMeasure: a 'Measurement' which is a Pair having a Quantifier and a RateUnit, as in '2 dosesPerDay', '100 carsPerDay', '20 metersPerSecond', In COSMO rates are measures (see ''RateUnit'') that have some Quantifier, and a RateMeasure unit (such as metersPerSecond) to get a Rate of things per unit time, as '5 metersPerSecond'. The subtypes of ''RateUnit'' specify the measure that recurs. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity and #$RatioQuantity (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Rate is a multi-dimensional quantity made up of some quantity (e.g. distance traveled or money spent), taken with respect to some quantity of time. Instances of #$Rate include, for example, the instances of #$Speed (e.g. 55 mph), #$Frequency (e.g. 55 kHz), and #$MonetaryFlowRate (e.g. 55 cents per minute). See also #$UnitOfRate, the collection of functions used to measure rates (e.g. #$DollarsPerYear, #$MetersPerSecond) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measurement, :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :RatioQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :RateUnit ] . :RateOfDescent :en "rate of descent" ; :isaMeasureOf :Descending ; a :MeasureType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RateOfDescent'' is a measure of speed applied to ''PhysicalObject''s performing a ''MotionDownward''. this does not measure the actual velocity of the Object, but the rate at which the object is approaching the Earths surface. For a sloping downward path,these can be very different. Measured by instruments in airplanes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpeedMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Descending ; owl:onProperty :isaMeasureOf ] . :RateOfFlow :wnsense "flow rate1n", "flow2n", "rate of flow1n" ; :wordnet "flow", "flow rate", "rate of flow" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RateOfFlow'' is a measure of the number or quantity of a substance or Group of objects that is moving together in the same direction. The specific units will depend on the type of thing moving, and any unit of time as the denominator. Includes but is broader (including groups of objects as well as fluids) than noun sense 1 of 'rate of flow' in WordNet: 1. flow, flow rate, rate of flow - (the amount of fluid that flows in a given time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RateMeasure . :RateUnit :guid "bd58fad4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rate" ; :wnsense "rate2n" ; :wordnet "rate" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A unit expressing the type of things that occur in some unit of time, as 'metersPerSecond', 'cyclesPerSecond', 'iterationsPerDay', 'carsPerHour' etc. For the general notion of ratios of quantities, use 'RatioQuantity'. NOTE: the units and measures to express things occurring in some time interval in COSMO are organized in four classes, the first three of which are UnitsOfMeasure: FrequencyUnit: reciprocal time units, as ;perSecond', 'perHour', 'perYear' Frequency: number of (something) that occurs in some time unit, as '5 perHour', '2 perDay' RateUnit: the type of things that occur in some time unit, as 'metersPerSecond', 'cyclesPerSecond', 'iterationsPerDay', 'carsPerHour' etc. RateMeasure: A 'Measurement' which is a Pair having a Quantifier and a RateUnit, as in '2 dosesPerDay', '100 carsPerDay', '20 metersPerSecond', Cyc: A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance of #$Frequency is the number of times something happens during some time interval. Instances of #$Frequency may be either single values (see the collection #$ScalarPointValue), such as 103 kiloHertz, or a range of values, such as #$Rarely. Note that instances of #$Frequency are important in the characterization of types of #$WavePropagation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rate' in WordNet: 2. (242) rate - (a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; 'they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour'; 'the rate of change was faster than expected') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasRepeatedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :FrequencyUnit ] . :Rather :isLessIntenseThan :Very ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Moderately ; :ldoce "rather" ; :wnsense "considerably1adv", "quite1adv", "rather4adv", "substantially1adv", "well7adv" ; :wordnet "considerably", "quite", "rather", "substantially", "well" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Rather' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues, of the same qualitative type as the base value, but at a level of intensity greater than that suggested by ''Moderately''. For intensities close to the minimum use 'Somewhat', and for distinctly more than the average, use 'Very' or ''Extremely''. The effect of this modifier is to emphasize that the attribute it modifies *definitely* applies to the thing that the attribute modifies, and the degree of intensity of the attribute is more than 'Moderately' and less than 'Very'. If a person is *rather* tall, then the speaker thinks that s/he is unquestionably tall. When the attributes are context sensitive the modifier is also context sensitive. This is an adverb whose general sense is 'to a significant degree'. 'She's doing rather well' 'His handwriting is rather poor' This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by a adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb. These terms may be used variably by different people; in COSMO they form a hierarchy close to a common linguistic usage. The levels of intensity from low to high are: Somewhat Moderately Signifiantly Rather Very Extremely Corresponds to sense 1 of 'rather' in RHW: 1. in a measure; to a certain extent; somewhat: rather good. NOTE: 'rather' and 'quite' tend to modify adjectives, whereas 'considerably' and 'substantially' are sentence modifiers. But these have very similar intensity values so they are included together in this type as similar in meaning. 'well' tends to be used mostly with 'above' or 'below', but also with PastParticiples ('well read', 'well tanned'). Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 4 of 'rather' in WordNet, but quite is also used with 'completely' as a more intensive level. in WordNet: 4. (59) quite, rather - (to a degree (not used with a negative); 'quite tasty'; 'quite soon'; 'quite ill'; 'quite rich') WN adverb 'considerably': 1. (21) well, considerably, substantially - (to a great extent or degree; 'I'm afraid the film was well over budget'; 'painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger'; 'the house has fallen considerably in value'; 'the price went up substantially') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Ratifying :wnsense "ratify1v", "sign1v" ; :wordnet "ratify", "sign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ratify' in WordNet: 1. (5) sign, ratify - (approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation; 'All parties ratified the peace treaty'; 'Have you signed your contract yet?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Validating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accreditation ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :RatingScale :ldoce "scale" ; :wnsense "graduated table1n", "scale of measurement1n", "scale1n" ; :wordnet "graduated table", "scale", "scale of measurement" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RatingScale' is a 'LinearlyOrderedGroup' of symbols representing some set of intensive measures of something, usually a quality; the symbols may be numbers ('rating performance on a scale of 1 to 10, where 10 is the best'); letters (school grades on a scale of F, D, C, B, or A), or other ordered symbols used as measures of some quality. The elements of this type of ''Group'' are usually called a ''Grade'', a subtype of ''Evaluation''. This can be used for school 'grades' or performace ratings in a contest, or quality ratings in food products, as well as other results of estimating worth or quality. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'scale' in WordNet: 1. (14) scale, scale of measurement, graduated table, ordered series - - (an ordered reference standard; 'judging on a scale of 1 to 10') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grade ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Ratio :wnsense "ratio1n" ; :wordnet "ratio" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ratio of two quantifiable things, which can be numbers, or units of measure, or a mixture of both. For the numeric ratio use ''NumericRatio''. For units of measure, e.g. 'metersPerSecond' is a Ratio, as is 'N_2_3' (two thirds). The essence of a ratio is that it is the result of some kind of 'division' of one thing by another. For numeric ratios, see the subtype 'NumericRatio'. Each 'Ratio' (inc;uding the subtype ''NumericRatio'' is represented as an OrderedPair, with the numerator first and denominator second. Though any such ratio could be represented approximately as a ratio of integers, for convenience, either numerator or denominator can be a RationalNumber. Thus if one wants to represent a ratio of 1.5, one can represent it as {1.5, 1) or {3,2} or otherwise, depending on what is convenient. This type also included RealNumber ratios, as when one wants to represent 'pi/2'. In this finite universe the full value can never be written but having the abilty to at least symbolically repreent real numbers in ratios can be useful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ratio' in Wordnet: 1. (29) ratio - (the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedPair, :Quantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quantity :QuantityType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :RatioQuantity :guid "845b6f34-6aa7-41d7-8bba-c3bd93f1a360" ; :ldoce "per" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: except for the subtype ''DimensionlessRatio'', this is not a pure ratio, but a MeasurableQuantity that is a ratio of other MeasurableQuantities. It is represented, as are other MeasurableQuantities, as a Quantifier and a unit. In this case the quantifier is a ratio and therefore a RationalNumber, and the unit is expressed as a ratio of other units. NOTE that the value of 'hasQuantifier' is allowed to be any 'Quantifier' including NumberRange. For a ratio of dimensionless numbers use ''DimensonlessRatio'' For things occurrring per unit time use 'RateUnit'. Cyc: A specialization of #$MultiDimensionalQuantity (q.v.). Each instance of #$RatioQuantity is a quantity that is derivable (via #$QuotientFn) as a ratio of other quantities. For example, (#$MilesPerHour 65) is a ratio quantity obtainable by dividing (#$Mile 65) by (#$HoursDuration 1); and (#$PoundsPerSquareInch 50) is equal to (#$QuotientFn (#$Pound-UnitOfForce 50) (#$SquaredFn (#$Inch 1))) . Ratio quantities are used for measuring a difference or change in one quantity against a (usually incremental) difference or change in another quantity. When the later quantity is a #$Time-Quantity (as in the first example above), the ratio quantity is an instance of the specialization #$Rate. See also #$PerFn. The sense of 'per' as in ratios like 'miles per hour', 'grams per liter', 'candela per square meter' is the sense used to express this type of ratio. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RealNumber :Quantifier :QuantifierType ) ] ] . :Ration :wnsense "ration1n" ; :wordnet "ration" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ration'' is one portion (usually daily) of the ''RegularFare'' that is provided to people in certain controlled situations where they are not free to get and eat whatever they want, as in institutions like prisons or hospitals and in the military. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ration' in WordNet: 1. (7) ration - (the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel); 'the rations should be nutritionally balanced') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RegularFare, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdequateNutrition ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :Rational :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Rationality ; :isTheOppositeOf :Irrational ; :wnsense "legitimate2adj", "logical2adj", "rational1adj" ; :wordnet "legitimate", "logical", "rational" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rational'' is a level of 'Reasonable' applying to beliefs or conclusions that are based to some extent on a reasoning process that uses ''Reasonable'' assumptions, verified facts, and ''Logical'' thinking. For the attribute of reasoning processes that use formal ''Logic'' or similar analytical methods, use ''Logical'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rational' in Wordnet: 1. (4) rational - (consistent with or based on or using reason; 'rational behavior'; 'a process of rational inference'; 'rational thought') WN adj 'logical': 2. (5) legitimate, logical - (based on known statements or events or conditions; 'rain was a logical expectation, given the time of year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reasonable . :RationalBehavior a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''RationalBehavior'' is a Behavior of an individual person that arises from of the dominance of logical, analytical and rational thinking and, if performed publicly, can be interpreted by other people as evidence or careful and logical rather than emotional thinking. NOTE @ToDo Rev1305: a lot more can be said about rational vs. emotional thinking. @Needs more input from experts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Behavior, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rational ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RationalNumber :wnsense "rational number1n", "rational1n" ; :wordnet "rational", "rational number" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any RealNumber that is the product of dividing two Integers. To represent a fraction in the name of a RationalNumber, the prefix 'N_' should be used, and to separate the two integers, an underscore can be used (to stay within the OWL naming conventions). Thus three-halves would be named 'N_3_2',and two-thirds would be 'N_2_3'. However, percents, which are also rational numbers, will have a different naming scheme. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rational number' in WordNet: 1. rational number, rational - (an integer or a fraction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealNumber . :RationalRatio a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ratio of two RationalNumbers, represented as an OrderedPair, with the numerator first and denominator second. Though any such ratio could be represented as a ratio of integers, for convenience, either numerator or denominator can be a RationalNumber. Thus if one wants to represent a ratio of 1.5, one can represent it as {1.5, 1) or {3,2} or otherwise, depending on what is convenient. NOTE that since this is restricted to RationalNumbers, this type cannot be used to represent symbolic ratios on transcendental numbers, such as pi/2 or e/4. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NumericRatio, :RationalNumber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :RationalNumber ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Rationale :wnsense "rationale1n" ; :wordnet "rationale" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CausalExplanation is an Explanation that can answer the NOTE: the WN gloss includes 'principle' as in the principle of working of a Device. This type is broader, including different types of 'explanation' such as the rationale for a decision. The WN 'principle' should be a subtype. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'rationale' in WordNet: 1. (3) rationale, principle - ((law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature); 'the rationale for capital punishment'; 'the principles of internal-combustion engines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausalExplanation . :RationaleForAction :ldoce "reason" ; :wnsense "ground2n", "reason1n" ; :wordnet "ground", "reason" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RationaleForAction is a Motive based on a conclusion derived from a reasoning process (as contrasted with motives derived from intuitions or emotions). This overlaps but is not identical to the senses of 'rationale' in WordNet, and is a specialization of sense 1 of 'rationale' in RWH. RHW (rationale) 1. the fundamental reason or reasons serving to account for something. in WordNet: WN noun 'reason': 1. (78) reason, ground - (a rational motive for a belief or action; 'the reason that war was declared'; 'the grounds for their declaration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Argument, :Conclusion, :Explanation, :Justification, :Motive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GoalSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ] . :Rationality :isTheAbsenceOf :Irrationality ; :wnsense "rationality1n", "reason4n", "reasonableness1n" ; :wordnet "rationality", "reason", "reasonableness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Rationality'' is a subtype of ''Sanity'', a state in which a Person tends to be reasonable and make decisions based on facts more than emotions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rationality' in WordNet: 1. rationality, reason, reasonableness - (the state of having good sense and sound judgment; 'his rationality may have been impaired'; 'he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sanity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rational ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Rationalizing :wnsense "rationalize2v" ; :wordnet "rationalize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rationalizing'' is an 'Explaining' that uses ''Reasoning'' to provide a justification for some statement or action.. When the motive for ''Rationalizing'' is to explain some asertions or actions that have been criticized, the 'Reasoning'' used may not be logically sound, but merely a defensive attempt to *sound* logical even though the reason given may not be the actual reason or may have no basis in fact. The explanation given is an attempted 'justification' (''RationaleForAction''). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'rationalize' in WordNet: 2. apologize, apologise, excuse, justify, rationalize, rationalise - (defend, explain, clear away, or make excuses for by reasoning; 'rationalize the child's seemingly crazy behavior'; 'he rationalized his lack of success') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Explaining, :Justifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :RationaleForAction ] . :Rattle :wnsense "rattle2n" ; :wordnet "rattle" ; a :ContainerType, :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Small simple hand-held baby's toy.having a handle attached to a small closed portion having pellets that create a ''Rattling'' sound when shaken with the hand. It should hold at least 2 ''Pellet''s to produce the desired effect. @ToDo: similar to maracas? But maracas are not a baby's toy - so not a subtype of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rattle' in WordNet: 2. rattle - (a baby's toy that makes percussive noises when shaken) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, :Device-UserPowered, :HandSizedObject, :Toy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeHeldBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rattling ; owl:onProperty :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rattling ; owl:onProperty :canEmitSound ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pellet ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :physicallyContains ] . :Rattlesnake :guid "bd5897c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rattler1n", "rattlesnake1n" ; :wordnet "rattler", "rattlesnake" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A subclass of Snake which derives its name from the fact that it can manipulate its tail in such a way as to produce a sound like that of a rattle, due to segmented hardened skin pieces that can vibate against each other (a 'rattle'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rattlesnake' in WordNet: 1. (6) rattlesnake, rattler - (pit viper with horny segments at the end of the tail that rattle when shaken) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PitViper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rattling ; owl:onProperty :canEmitSound ] . :Rattling :en "rattling" ; :wnsense "rattle1n", "rattle1v" ; :wordnet "rattle" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Noise'' consisting of a quickly repeated series of short sounds of relatively high pitch, as made by objects colliding. This is the compound Event consisting of producing such sounds and the propagation of those sounds. @ToDo: These subevents may be dissociated if necessary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'rattle' in WordNet: 1. (3) rattle, rattling, rale - (a rapid series of short loud sounds (as might be heard with a stethoscope in some types of respiratory disorders); 'the death rattle') WN verb 'rattle': 1. (4) rattle - (make short successive sounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise . :Rave :wnsense "rave1n" ; :wordnet "rave" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rave'' is a ''Dance'' where popular music is played for dancing, often at a 'disco'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rave' in WordNet: 1. rave - (a dance party that lasts all night and electronically synthesized music is played; 'raves are very popular in Berlin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectronicMusic ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Overnight ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ravel :wnsense "ravel2n", "run13n" ; :wordnet "ravel", "run" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Ravel'' is a 'Defect' in a ''FabricObject'' consisting of a visible separation of some line of stitches, sometimes seen in a lady's nylon or silk stockings, and there it is commonly called a 'run'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ravel' and noun sense 13 of 'run' in WordNet: 2. run, ladder, ravel - (a row of unravelled stitches; 'she got a run in her stocking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DamagedPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FabricObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Raveling :wnsense "raveling1n" ; :wordnet "raveling" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fiber'' that was part of a ''FabricObject'' and came off, usually due to wear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raveling' in WordNet: 1. raveling, ravelling - (a bit of fiber that has become separated from woven fabric) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiber, :LongAndThinThing, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FabricObject ; owl:onProperty :wasaPartOf ] . :Ravelings :wnsense "raveling1n" ; :wordnet "raveling", "ravelings" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Group of ''Raveling''s, considered as an Object. Is the plural of noun sense 1 of 'raveling' in WordNet: 1. raveling, ravelling - (a bit of fiber that has become separated from woven fabric) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Raveling ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Raven :guid "bd6413b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Corvus corax1n", "raven1n" ; :wordnet "Corvus corax", "raven" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Raven'' is a Big black bird, bigger than a crow. It is not native to eastern USA, but common in the west. NOTE: the eastern European 'crow' can be black and grey. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'raven' in WordNet: 1. raven, Corvus corax - (large black bird with a straight bill and long wedge-shaped tail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blackbird, :CorvineBird . :Ravine :guid "02234402-e571-41d7-81a1-d9ed71dcbfd6" ; :wnsense "ravine1n" ; :wordnet "ravine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ravine' in WordNet: 1. ravine - (a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gap-Topographical, :LandTopographicalFeature, :Valley, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deep ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steep-sided ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RavingAboutSomething :wnsense "gush2v", "rave3v" ; :wordnet "gush", "rave" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RavingAboutSomething'' is an intensive form of ''Praising'' that is done with entusiasm. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'rave' in WordNet: 3. rave, gush - (praise enthusiastically; 'She raved about that new restaurant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Praising . :Raw :guid "f23223f2-74b9-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Cooked ; :ldoce "raw" ; :wnsense "raw3adj" ; :wordnet "raw" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of Food (uncooked). Cyc: An instance of #$PreparationAttribute. Instances of #$Raw are in or nearly in their natural state, and in particular have not been #$Cooked. @ToDo: Metaphorical uses such as 'raw'data' are not yet (rev1067) represented. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'raw' in WordNet: 3. (1) raw - (not treated with heat to prepare it for eating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RawFood :guid "be0c8cfe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance: The collection of all instances of #$Food that have not been cooked. SUMO: Food that is not the result of Cooking.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Raw ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ray :wnsense "ray7n" ; :wordnet "ray" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'ray' in WordNet: 7. ray - (cartilaginous fishes having horizontally flattened bodies and enlarged winglike pectoral fins with gills on the underside; most swim by moving the pectoral fins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elasmobranch . :Rayon :CYC "RayonCloth" ; :guid "be01e621-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rayon1n" ; :wordnet "rayon" ; a :FabricType, :PorousSheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rayon'' is a ''Fabric'' made from ''RayonFiber''s. CYC 'RayonCloth': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rayon' in WordNet: 1. rayon - (a synthetic silklike fabric) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RayonFiber ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfManyOf ] . :RayonFiber :en "rayon fiber" ; :enn "rayon fiber" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RayonFiber'' is a thin ''Fiber'' consisting of ''Rayon''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RayonStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :RayonStuff :CYC "Rayon" ; :en "rayon", "rayon stuff", "rayon substance" ; :guid "bd58b792-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Cellulose ; a :PlasticType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC; A collection of textile fibers made from cellulose and having a variety of uses ranging from clothing to automobile tires. RHW: a regenerated, semisynthetic textile filament made from cellulose, cotton linters, or wood chips by treating these with caustic soda and carbon disulfide and passing the resultant solution, viscose, through spinnerets. NOTE: neither the CYC gloss (parent 'fiber') nor WN gloss (parent 'fabric') for 'rayon' cover the meaning intended by this type. COSMO 'Rayon' is a substance that is the main substance of a 'rayon fiber' which can be woven to produce a 'rayon fabric'. These are three different types of concept. For the fabric use ''Rayon''. The CYC concept has parent ''Plastic'' so is interpreted as a substance, which is this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plastic, :SolidSubstance . :Razing :wnsense "dismantle1v", "level2v", "pull down1v", "rase1v", "raze1v", "take down3v", "tear down1v" ; :wordnet "dismantle", "level", "pull down", "rase", "raze", "take down", "tear down" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Razing'' is a ''DestructionEvent'' in which some ''Structure'' was taken apart or broken apart by a ''\"PurposefulAction'', until lttle or none of it remains. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'raze' in WordNet: 1. level, raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take down, pull down - (tear down so as to make flat with the ground; 'The building was levelled') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CeasingToExist, :DestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Structure ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Razor :wnsense "razor1n" ; :wordnet "razor" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Razor'' is any device used for cutting hair off the surface of the skin close to the skin so as to leave little or no visible hair. This is for both bladed razors and electrical razors (which may have blades not obvious). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'razor' in WordNet: 1. (5) razor - (edge tool used in shaving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, :HandTool, :HardObject, :SharpObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shaving ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RazorBlade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :RazorBlade :en "razor blade" ; :enn "razor blade" ; :wnsense "razorblade1n" ; :wordnet "razorblade" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RazorBlade'' is a ''FlatBlade'' that is has a straight and ''VerySharp' cutting edge, either an inbuilt part or a detachable part of a ''Razor. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'razor blade' in WordNet: 1. razorblade - (a blade that has very sharp edge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatBlade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VerySharp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Razor ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Re-EnteringSomething :en "reenter" ; :env "reenter" ; :wnsense "re-enter1v" ; :wordnet "re-enter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 're-enter' in WordNet: 1. (2) re-enter - (enter again; 'You cannot re-enter the country with this visa') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnteringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnteringSomething ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Re-examining :wnsense "re-examine1v" ; :wordnet "re-examine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 're-examine' in WordNet: 1. re-examine - (question after cross-examination by opposing counsel; 're-examine one's witness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Examining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrossExamining ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Examining ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourtCase ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Witness ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :ReCreating :wnsense "generate3v", "generation6n", "re-create1v", "recreate4v", "refashion1v", "remake1v" ; :wordnet "generate", "generation", "re-create", "recreate", "refashion", "remake" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReCreating'' is an Action in which an Object or some part or attribute of an Object that was lost or destroyed is restored or made again by some act of ''Creation''. This is a geeral type This general type can reverse the effect of any kind of ''LosingSomething''. RHW recreate: synsL Syn.reproduce, remake. ??NOTE: WN has different listings for 're-create' and 'recreate' that seem to have the same meaning, This type is more general than the WN glosses suggest - this type is for recreating anything, Includes verb senses 1 of 're-create' and sense 4 of 'recreate' and part of sense 1 of 'remake' (involving creating something, not just *adding* something) in WordNet: 1. (1) re-create - (create anew; 'Re-create the boom of the West on a small scale') WN verb 'recreate': 4. recreate - (create anew; 'she recreated the feeling of the 1920's with her stage setting') WN verb remake': 1. (2) remake, refashion, redo, make over - (make new; 'She is remaking her image') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creation, :RedoingSomething, :Regaining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :ReElected :en "reelected" ; :enadj "reelected" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Electee ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ElectingSomeone ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReElected'' is the attribute of an ''Electee'', who was previously elected to the same office. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elected . :ReElectingSomeone :en "re-elect" ; :eng "re-electing", "reelecting" ; :env "re-elect" ; :wnsense "reelect1v", "return12v" ; :wordnet "reelect", "return" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ReElectingSomeone'' is an ''ElectingSomeone'' in which the ''Electee'' is the 'incumbent' already having served in the same elected office. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reelect' in WordNet: 1. (3) reelect, return - (elect again) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incumbent ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReElected ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReElection ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :ReElection :en "re-election" ; :enn "re-election" ; :wnsense "reelection1n" ; :wordnet "reelection" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The parent type of ''ReElection'' is ''BecomingElected'', not ''Election''. A ''ReElection'' is a special kind of ''BecomingElected'', an 'intransitive' action performed by someone who is already an ''Electee'' from a prior Election. This can be a re-election while still holding the same office, or a re-election after a lapse when out of office, so it is not necessarily performed by a current office-holder. ?Q: perhaps this should be restricted to direct re-election without a lapse, the more common type? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reelection' in WordNet: 1. (1) reelection - (election again; 'he did not run for reelection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingElected, :Recurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingElected ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electee ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReElectingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ] . :ReNaming :wnsense "rename1v" ; :wordnet "rename" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rename' in WordNet: 1. (2) rename - (assign a new name to; 'Many streets in the former East Germany were renamed in 1990') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :Naming, :Recurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Naming ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Name ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :Reach :ldoce "reach" ; :wnsense "reach1n" ; :wordnet "reach" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Reach' is approximately the Range of a person's arms for the purpose of grasping something; this is a distance within which a person can touch or pick up another Object. This is the sense of 'reach' in phrases like 'he put the remote control within his reach on the table' This is not necessarily an arm's length, as some other motion (e.g. leaning over) of the body may be required to grasp the object. @ToDo: relate to 'near'?? = 'within reach' metaphorical senses are not included here. Corresponds to only part of noun sense 1 of 'reach' in WordNet: 2. (14) range, reach - (the limits within which something can be effective; 'range of motion'; 'he was beyond the reach of their fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Range . :Reaching :en "reach for" ; :env "reach for" ; :guid "c0ed16c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reach out1v", "reach3v" ; :wordnet "reach", "reach out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of actions where an agent extends their arm(s) to reach something. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 (no metaphorical sense here) of 'reach' in WordNet: 3. (29) reach, reach out - (move forward or upward in order to touch; also in a metaphorical sense; 'Government reaches out to the people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmMovement, :AttemptingActivity, :UsingTheHand, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Touching ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :ReachingaGoal :wnsense "get to1v", "make13v", "progress to1v", "reach7v" ; :wordnet "get to", "make", "progress to", "reach" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReachingaGoal'' is a ''SuccessfulAction'' in which the intended Goal is 'reached' by some form of 'going' along some conceptual 'distance', whether abstract or physical. This must be the end of an Action with more than one conceptual step. This can be performed by any ''INtentionalAgent'' including animals and automatos as well as people. NOTE: for a Person reaching a goal, the subtype ''ReachingaGoalState'' may be more specific; for a Person arriving at a location the subtype ''ArrivingAtAPlace'' should be used. This can be viewed as the final subevent of a ''SuccessfulAction'', the concluding achievement of the desired end state of some ''AttemptingActivity''. The most common form is to arrive at a dstination (see ''ArrivingAtAPlace'') after traveling. But abstract or metaphorical goals are also included, and may be distinguished by subtypes. COSMO linguistic NOTE: the term 'achievement' and ''accomplishment' have been used in a technical sense by linguists: see for example p.101 in James D.McCawley, 'Adverbs, Vowels and Other Objects of Wonder' (University of Chicago Press, 1979). This type ''ReachingaGoal'' is similar to MaCawley's 'achievement' and the parent type ''SuccessfulAction'' is similar to 'accomplishment' in McCawley. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reach' in WordNet: 1. (4) reach, make, get to, progress to - (reach a goal, e.g., 'make the first team'; 'We made it!'; 'She may not make the grade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimateActivity, :PurposefulAction, :ReachingaState, :SuccessfulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :Animal :AnimalType :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SuccessfulAction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ] . :ReachingaGoalState :ldoce "reach" ; :wnsense "arrive at1v", "attain4v", "gain4v", "hit5v", "make22v", "reach2v" ; :wordnet "arrive at", "attain", "gain", "hit", "make", "reach" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReachingaGoalState'' is a ''ReachingaGoal'' Action performed by a ''Person''. The Goal may be abstract or Physical. For reaching a destination location, use subtype ''ArrivingAtAPlace''. WN verb 'reach' 1. (111) reach, make, attain, hit, arrive at, gain - (reach a destination, either real or abstract; 'We hit Detroit by noon'; 'The water reached the doorstep'; 'We barely made it to the finish line'; 'I have to hit the MAC machine before the weekend starts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :ReachingaGoal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEndingState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InstantaneousState :PersistentState :EventType ) ] ] . :ReachingaState :ldoce "reach" ; :wnsense "attain2v", "hit6v", "reach2v" ; :wordnet "attain", "hit", "reach" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ReachingaState' is a CompletionEvent which is part of an Event of longer duration, and at the end of which some specific state exists; this is used mostly to specify that some state exists that was approached in a more or less continuous or gradual manner. NOTE ''ReachingaState'' is a broad general concept, that doe not need to be an''Action'', it can be a natural process. The analogous type for the end state of an ''AttemptingAction'' is the subtype ''\"ReachingaGoal'' For a Person reaching a goal, the subtype ''ReachingaGoalState'' will be more specific; for a Person arriving at a location the subtype ''ArrivingAtAPlace'' should be used. Examples: 'The temperature reached 35 deg C by noon'; 'Jack got to be 6 feet tall before age 18'; 'the waters reached 20 feet over flood stage before receding'. For the sense of arriving physically at some location, use 'ArrivingAtaPlace'. As with all Events, there is an 'InstantaneousState at the ending time', but for instances of 'ReachingaState' that end state must be explicitly represented. To 'reach' a time point is also part of this type, but in that case the relevant 'fluent' of the state achieved is the existence of something at that point in time, possibly with some of its poperties also represented: 'He had almost no sleep and he got to 5 o'clock exhausted.' 'By the time the store closed there were only two boxes left'. Use of this type implies some gradual process that results in the state described. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'reach' in WordNet: 2. (40) reach, hit, attain - (reach a point in time, or a certain state or level; 'The thermometer hit 100 degrees'; 'This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompletionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEndingState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InstantaneousState :PersistentState :EventType ) ] ] . :Reactant :wnsense "reactant1n" ; :wordnet "reactant" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'Reactant' is a specialized term for chemistry. Each subtype of 'Reactant' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that is one of the 'ChemicallyDefinedSubstance's in a 'ChemicalTransformationEvent' (including biochemical reactions). If the role of a Reactant as a 'precursor' of some other substance is to be emphasized, the subtype 'ChemicalPrecursor' can be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reactant' in WordNet: 1. (12) reactant - (a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChemicalTransformationEvent ] . :Reaction :en "reacting" ; :wnsense "reaction1n", "reaction2n" ; :wordnet "reaction" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Reaction' is an instance of an Event in which some ''IntentionalAgent'' (animals,usually) performs an ''Action'' that is preceded by another Event (a stimulus) that is not a direct 'cause' of the Reaction; this ind of reaction is not for autonomous processes of animals, but is mediated by some mental process that is at least partly conscious, though perhaps merely intuitive or reflexive. The reaction is caused by some internal process of the Object doing the reacting, and the internal process is triggered by the Event to which the Reacting is a response. The more specific subtype 'Responding' is used to represent response of animals to stimuli. NOTE that a 'Reaction' is a Role that some Event plays in the situation in which the Action and Reaction are components. This includes senses 1 and 2 of 'reaction', sense 3 of 'response' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'respond' in WordNet: WN 'reaction': 1. (436) reaction - - (a response that reveals a person's feelings or attitude; 'he was pleased by the audience's reaction to his performance'; 'John feared his mother's reaction when she saw the broken lamp') 2. (156) reaction, response - - (a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some foregoing stimulus or agent; 'a bad reaction to the medicine'; 'his responses have slowed with age') WN verb 'respond' 1. (33) react, respond - (show a response or a reaction to something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Effect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :ReactionChain a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ReactionChain' is a LinearlyOrderedGroup consisting exclusively of PhysicalSubstances, or of instances of SubstanceType. This is a specialized class to represent the order of substances in some reaction chain, whether synthetic (see ''MultistepChemicalSynthesis'') or natural (as in some pathway of biosynthesis). The reactions that cause the transformations in a ReactionChain are represented as instances of 'ChemicalTransformationEvent'. NOTE that for flexibility, one element of this Group may itself be a 'SubstanceGroup' (where there is more than one product at some stage). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :SubstanceGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceGroup :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Reactive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :PhysicalObject, :PhysicalObjectType ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inert ; :wnsense "reactive2adj" ; :wordnet "reactive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'reactive' in Wordnet: 2. reactive - (tending to react to a stimulus; 'the skin of the geriatric is less reactive than that of younger persons'- Louis Tuft) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unstable . :Readable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Reading ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Reading ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dead ; :wnsense "clear15adj", "decipherable1adj", "readable1adj" ; :wordnet "clear", "decipherable", "readable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'readable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) clear, decipherable, readable - (easily deciphered) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Reader :wnsense "reader1n" ; :wordnet "reader" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reader'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who reads some text. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'reader' in WordNet = anyone who is reading is in the ''Role''of''Reader'' at that time: 1. (19) reader - (a person who enjoys reading) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reading ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Readiness :wnsense "preparedness1n", "readiness1n" ; :wordnet "preparedness", "readiness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Readiness' is a static situation in which some Object (including people) or Place has been created or prepared to properly handle some anticipated or contingent Event. The WordNet sense indicates that something that is 'ready' has been 'prepared' but in COSMO artifacts may be manufactured in a state of readiness - not the usual meaning of 'preparing'. @ToDo: the Object that is ready is specified by the restriction 'hadMainParticipant', but the action for which it is ready is not specified. This type can be used to represent assertions of the form 'X is in readiness for E', where E is an Event or Event type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'readiness' and sense 1 of 'preparedness' in WordNet: 1. (3) readiness, preparedness, preparation - (the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action); 'putting them in readiness'; 'their preparation was more than adequate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StaticSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericAgent :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaReadinessFor ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :ReadinessForUse :wnsense "preparedness1n" ; :wordnet "preparedness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ReadinessForUse'' is a static situation in which some ObjectGroup has been positioned and prepared to be used for some function. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'preparedness' in WordNet: 1. readiness, preparedness, preparation - (the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action); 'putting them in readiness'; 'their preparation was more than adequate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Readiness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectGroup ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaReadinessFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :UsingSomething ] . :ReadinessToEat :wnsense "preparedness1n", "readiness1n" ; :wordnet "preparedness", "readiness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ReadinessToEat' is a static situation in which some FoodObject has been prepared to be eaten. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Readiness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaReadinessFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :EatingEvent ] . :Reading :en "reading" ; :guid "bd58d532-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "read" ; :wnsense "read1v" ; :wordnet "read" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Perceiving-Voluntary and #$AccessingAnIBT. Each instance of #$Reading is an act of reading an instance of #$TextualMaterial by a person. 'Reading' done by machines will be categorized differently. Acts of #$Reading may be performed for any of a number of purposes: e.g., in order to extract some sort of information from a text, for entertainment, to impart the content of the text to others (if an instance of #$ReadingAloud (q.v.)), or to test reading skills. A person can read visually (see #$Reading-Visual) or by touch (e.g. reading Braille; see #$Reading-Tactile). COSMO note: For the typical reading with the eyes (not Braille), use 'Reading-Visual'. Reading is a subtype of 'Learning'; reading something means at least to learn (to some extent) what was written in the written material, even if that material is fictional or useless information, or the information content was already known to the reader. But just staring at a book and not actually learning at least something of the content is not 'Reading'. (this SUMO class is 'reading aloud') SUMO: A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which content is converted from a written form into a spoken representation. Note that the class Interpreting should be used in cases where a Text is read silently. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'read' in WordNet: 1. (117) read - (interpret something that is written or printed; 'read the advertisement'; 'Have you read Salman Rushdie?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AccessingAnIBT, :HumanActivity, :Learning, :Perceiving-Voluntary . :Reading-Tactile :guid "be8062b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "read" ; :wnsense "read1v" ; :wordnet "read" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of reading based on tactile (as opposed to visual) input. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'read' in WordNet: 1. (117) read - (interpret something that is written or printed; 'read the advertisement'; 'Have you read Salman Rushdie?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reading, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TouchingDeliberately ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Reading-Visual :guid "c047e68b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "read" ; :wnsense "read1v" ; :wordnet "read" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of reading based on visual (as opposed to tactile) input. In this cae, the thing read must be some 'TextualMaterial'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'read' in WordNet: 1. (117) read - (interpret something that is written or printed; 'read the advertisement'; 'Have you read Salman Rushdie?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking, :Reading, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPerceived ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TextualMaterial :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ] . :ReadingWhileStanding :en "reading while standing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ReadingWhileStanding'' is an instance of ''Reading'' that is performed while a Person is in a 'standing' position. The material being read can be held in the hand (e.g. on a subway train), or resting on a desk or ''Lectern'', or projected on a screen, or .projected from a teleprompter. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reading, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StandingStillEvent ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :Ready :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Readiness ; :ldoce "ready" ; :wnsense "ready1adj" ; :wordnet "ready" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ready' is a property of an Object that is or has been made fit for immediate use for some purpose. To express what something that is 'Ready' is 'ready for', this is related to the StaticSituation 'Readiness' by the relation: {Ready isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing Readiness}. It sounds odd to say that something 'ready' is 'doing' readiness, but that relation is merely a broad way of relating attributes that describe properties of things that are the main participants in some Event, and 'Readiness' is an Event. See 'Readiness' and 'isaReadinessFor' to see how COSMO represents the Event that the Object is ready for. People can be 'Ready' for something if they have the capability of doing or experiencing (or withstanding) that thing. If they have the willingness to do something, that is a different sense of 'Ready' NOTE @ToDo: the 'readiness' of something that had been prepared may be distinguished from this general sense of 'Ready', but as of rev829 this nuance has not been represented. Includes adjective senses 1 and 4 of 'ready' in WordNet; however, note the 'ready to collapse', a questionable use: in WordNet: 1. (59) ready - (completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress; 'get ready'; 'she is ready to resign'; 'the bridge is ready to collapse'; 'I am ready to work'; 'ready for action'; 'ready for use'; 'the soup will be ready in a minute'; 'ready to learn to read') 4. (1) ready - (brought into readiness; 'dinner is ready') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ReadyMade :wnsense "ready-made1adj" ; :wordnet "ready-made" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ready-made' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ready-made - (made for purchase and immediate use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Available, :ForSale . :ReadyToEat :wnsense "ready-to-eat1adj" ; :wordnet "ready-to-eat" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ready-to-eat' in Wordnet: 1. ready-to-eat - (food products that are prepared in advance and can be eaten as sold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReadyMade . :Reaffirming :eng "reaffirming" ; :wnsense "reaffirm1v" ; :wordnet "reaffirm" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Reaffirming'' ia an ''Affirming'' of some fact that has previously been 'affirmed' by the same agent. 'She reaffirmed her commitment to the project' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reaffirm' in WordNet: 1. (6) reaffirm - (affirm once again; 'He reaffirmed his faith in the church') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affirming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Affirming ] . :Real :isTheOppositeOf :Fictional, :Imaginary, :Mythical, :Theoretical ; :ldoce "real" ; :wnsense "actual2adj", "existent2adj", "existent3adj", "real1adj" ; :wordnet "actual", "existent", "real" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Real' is a property of an Object (including mental objects) or Event that exists (or existed) in our 'real world' of space-time. Things in hypothetical or fictional or counterfactual worlds are not 'Real'. For Objects that exist *now* in the real world, use the subtype 'Extant' For things that are created as copies or simulations or models of real-world things, use ''Simulated''. For things that are genuine (such as dimond and pearls) rather than simlated or phony, use 'Actual''. NOTE: this is similar to 'Real-World' and the distinction, if any, is not yet clear. One differentiation is that something 'theoretical' may not be ''Real'' but may actually exist in the ''RealWorld''. To specify that it actually exists in our universe, use subAttribute ''Real-World'. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'real' and sense 2 of 'actual' in WordNet: 1. (55) real, existent - (being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory; 'real objects'; 'real people; not ghosts'; 'a film based on real life'; 'a real illness'; 'real humility'; 'Life is real! Life is earnest!'- Longfellow) WN adj 'actual': 2. (8) actual - (taking place in reality; not pretended or imitated; 'we saw the actual wedding on television'; 'filmed the actual beating') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistenceValue . :Real-World :en "real-life", "real-world" ; :enadj "real-life", "real-world" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :RealWorld ; :isTheOppositeOf :Fictional, :Imaginary, :Mythical, :NonReal-World ; :pertainsTo :RealLife, :RealWorld ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Real-World'' is an AttributeValue of things (Objects or Events) that are present or occur in our only ''\"RealWorld''. As a practical matter, 'Real-World' is the attribute of something that is believed (by the ontologist) to exist in the physical universe (or multiverse, if that exists). NOTE: this is similar to 'Real' and the distinction, if any, is not yet clear. No WN synset for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Actual, :PertainingAttributeValue, :Real . :RealEstate :guid "c10af41b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "immovable1n", "real estate1n", "real property1n", "realty1n" ; :wordnet "immovable", "real estate", "real property", "realty" ; a :FinancialAssetType, :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A delineated area of land along with any structures ('improvements') that may be an associated part of the property, which may be owned by an individual or by the public, or may have several separately owned tracts within it. COSMO note: RealEstate is interpreted as the PhysicalObject, not the region in which it is located. Note that, as a subtype of LandArea RealEstate is disjoint from WaterArea - this means that most (but not necessarily absolutely all) of a RealEstate must be dry land, though some part such as a lake bed or stream bed may have water in it. NOTE: as a subtype of 'Property', all RealEstate is considered as owned by some agent, which may be a group of people with some kind of claim on it. Cyc: A specialization of #$Place-NonAgent. Each instance of #$RealEstate is either a parcel of land or a land-based property that can be bought, sold, or rented. Notable specializations of #$RealEstate include #$GroundsOfOrganization, #$Building, and #$ModernShelterConstruction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'real estate' in WordNet: 1. (5) real property, real estate, realty, immovable - (property consisting of houses and land) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :DurableGood, :LandArea, :Place, :Property, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :LocationType :GeographicalArea :Place ) ] ] . :RealEstateAgent :wnsense "estate agent1n", "real estate agent1n", "real estate broker1n", "realtor1n" ; :wordnet "estate agent", "real estate agent", "real estate broker", "realtor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: 'realtor' is a term that is supposed to be used only by Persons affiliated with a particular organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'real estate agent' in WordNet: 1. realtor, real estate broker, real estate agent, estate agent, land agent, house agent - (a person who is authorized to act as an agent for the sale of land; 'in England they call a realtor a land agent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broker . :RealExistence :ldoce "be", "existence" ; :wnsense "be4v", "being1n", "existence1n" ; :wordnet "be", "being", "existence" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RealExistence' is a Event or PersistentState in which some entity (object or event) actually exists in our 'Real World'. Things in fictional or hypothetical worlds are not in the state of 'RealExistence' merely by virtue of being in those possible worlds, but the same entities may also be Extant in our Real World. The property of an entity that is in the state of 'RealExistence' is 'Extant'. The Real World would include spirits such as God and Angles, if in fact they existed and could interact with our physical world; whether they do exist in that sense is an open question in COSMO. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'existence' in Random House Webster: 1. the state or fact of existing; being. Neither RHW nor WordNet disinguish the more general 'Existence' from real-world existence, so the Wordnet sense is mapped to both of these concepts. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'existence' and sense 1 of 'being' and verb sense 4 of 'be' in WordNet: 1. (51) being, beingness, existence - (the state or fact of existing; 'a point of view gradually coming into being'; 'laws in existence for centuries') WN verb 'be': 4. (698) exist, be - (have an existence, be extant; 'Is there a God?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Existence . :RealLife :wnsense "real life1n", "real world1n" ; :wordnet "real life", "real world" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RealLife'' is the Group of ''LifeExperiences''s that a Person encounters when employed by some business enterprise, as contrasted with experiences without such cares and responsibilities, as during childhood or retirement, or in some secure position in Academia. Rather vague, with malleable borders on various life experiences. To define this logically would require specifying the various alternatives. @ToDo. when needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'real life' in WordNet: 1. (5) real world, real life - (the practical world as opposed to the academic world; 'a good consultant must have a lot of experience in the real world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeExperiences . :RealNumber :wnsense "real number1n", "real1n" ; :wordnet "real", "real number" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Number that can be expressed as a (possibly infinite) decimal, i.e. any Number that has a position on the number line. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'real number' in WordNet: 1. real number, real - (any rational or irrational number) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Number . :RealWorld :contains :PatrickCassidy ; :en "Space-Time", "SpaceTime" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Coherent, :Measurable, :Perceivable, :Real ; :hasSpatialRegion :PhysicalSpace ; :isLocatedAt :PhysicalSpace, :SpaceTime ; :ldoce "universe", "world" ; :wnsense "cosmos1n", "creation6n", "existence2n", "macrocosm1n", "universe1n", "world1n" ; :wordnet "cosmos", "creation", "existence", "macrocosm", "universe", "world" ; a :Context, :PossibleWorld ; rdfs:comment """The ''RealWorld'' is a TimeAndPlace that is the whole of our own universe in which every PhysicalObject exists.; this incudes the Objects ad actions that exist ad take place in this ''PossibleWorld'' Also called 'The Universe'. This is an instance of 'Context' which may restrict the scope of assertions. This is also called 'Space-Time' but the term ''SpaceTime'' in COSMO is used to specify the Regon within which the ''RealWorld'' is located. NOTE that from the point of view of observers in this world, this World is constantly changing, but it still is only one 'instance' of a world, because every time point and every object is just a part of the whole ''RealWorld''. The distinctive properties of the ''RealWorld'' are that it is ''Perceivable'', not solely in someone's Mind, and ''Measurable'', susceptible to ''Measuring'' to deterine quantitative attribute values of the entities in it; and ''Coherent'', that all of the propositions that describe the RealWorld ust be logically consistent with all others. Since it is ''perceivable'' by people, it must be the same world in which we exist - it contains at least one ''Person'', namely ''PatrickCassidy'' (the rest of you may be illusions). NOTE that this is the whole universe throughout all time, so is not the universe only at some particular time. If there are other non-connected universes, they are not included in this ''RealWorld''. An Event that is a time slice of that ''PossibleWorld'' would be a part of 'Reality' (not yet related to 'RealWorld'. NOTE that this type is unspecified whether our Universe is to be considered as four-dimensional, including time, or as three-dimensional; this ype might be considered as a union of the two views, which could be subtypes if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'universe' in WordNet: 1. (13) universe, existence, creation, world, cosmos, macrocosm - (everything that exists anywhere; 'they study the evolution of the universe'; 'the biggest tree in existence') """ . :RealWorldTruth :ldoce "truth" ; :wnsense "truth1n" ; :wordnet "truth" ; a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''RealWorldTruth'' is a set of ''TrueStatement-RealWorld''s that are internally consistent. This is in essence a 'theory' that describes some part of the ''RealWorld'' that has been verified by observation. No WN sense corresponds exactly to this concept; Most closely orresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truth ' in WordNet: 2. (7) truth, the true, verity, trueness - (conformity to reality or actuality; 'they debated the truth of the proposition'; 'the situation brought home to us the blunt truth of the military threat'; 'he was famous for the truth of his portraits'; 'he turned to religion in his search for eternal verities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PropositionGroup, :TrueStatement-RealWorld, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TrueStatement-RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :describes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :isTrueIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrueInTheRealWorld ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Realism :wnsense "pragmatism2n", "realism1n" ; :wordnet "pragmatism", "realism" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Realism'' is a ''PersonalPhilosopy'' that attempts to adapt one's actions and expectations to the likely outcomes based on facts and past experience, rather than one's hopes or ideals. NOTE: in WN this is an 'attribute'' as is 'idealism'; here it is a personal philosophy, contrasting with ''Idealism''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'realism' in WordNet: 1. (3) realism, pragmatism - (the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalPhilosopy . :Realist :wnsense "realist2n" ; :wordnet "realist" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Realist'' is someone who tries to evaluate situations that have uncertain consequences in an objective way, not allowing her.his own emotions or preferences to cloud his/her judgment. Contrasts with idealist, pessimist, optimist, cynic. Perhaps other contrasting types? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'realist' in WordNet: 2. realist - (a person who accepts the world as it literally is and deals with it accordingly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Realistic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Realistic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposal, :Realist ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unrealistic ; :wnsense "realistic1adj" ; :wordnet "realistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Realistic'' is a subtype of 'AwareOfSomething' in which the thing that the agent is aware of is some fact or set of facts that are true in the ''RealWorld'', even when they are not what the agent prefers or likes. *Contrasts* with 'self-deceptive' - believing things that are not true, even when the truth has been described, but the agent rejects it from an emtional wish that it not be true. The WN sense 1 includes things, this is only for people. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'realistic' in WordNet: 1. (10) realistic - (aware or expressing awareness of things as they really are; 'a realistic description'; 'a realistic view of the possibilities'; 'a realistic appraisal of our chances'; 'the actors tried to create a realistic portrayal of the Africans') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AwareOfSomething . :Realistically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Realistic ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unrealistically ; :wnsense "realistically1adv", "realistically2adv" ; :wordnet "realistically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'realisticallly' in Wordnet: 1. (5) realistically - (in a realistic manner; 'let's look at the situation realistically') 2. realistically - (in a realistic manner; 'the figure was realistically painted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Reality :wnsense "reality3n" ; :wordnet "reality" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any state or Event occurring in our real universe (not in any fictional or hypothetical world) within some interval of time. An instance of 'Reality' would be the things existing and happening in some interval of time in some region of space. The whole of Reality over all time is the entity 'RealWorld', which is not an Event. This does not cover 'truth' within some theoretical or axiomatically defined system.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reality' in Wordnet: 3. (4) reality - (the state of the world as it really is rather than as you might want it to be; 'businessmen have to face harsh realities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Situation-Localized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :RealizableEntity :BFO "RealizableEntity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RealizableEntity'' is a specific BFO type that includes Disposition, Roles and Functions as subtypes. BFO 'RealizableEntity: Comment: If a realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] inheres in a continuant [snap:Continuant], this does not imply that it is actually realized. BFO: Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that inheres in continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. BFO: Examples: the role of being a doctor, the function of the reproductive organs, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpecificallyDependentContinuant . :Reaper :wnsense "harvester2n", "reaper1n" ; :wordnet "harvester", "reaper" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FarmMachine'' designed for reaping crops; a harvester. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reaper' in Wordnet: 3. harvester, reaper - (farm machine that gathers a food crop from the fields) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmMachine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingPlants ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReapingCrops ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ReapingCrops :eng "gleaning", "harvesting", "reaping" ; :wnsense "glean1v", "harvest1v", "reap1v" ; :wordnet "glean", "harvest", "reap" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of reaping crops, includes cutting (or picking) them and gathering them together. Same as a 'harvesting' or 'gleaning' action. The object obtained is a ''Crop'' (='harvest') NOTE that this action is specified as performed by a 'FarmWorker'' - if automation eleiminates all FarmWorkers from the process, that restriction would have to be broadened. Correspondsclosely to verb sense 1 of 'reap' , but is restricted to the reaping of ''CropPlant''sin WordNet: 1. (3) reap, harvest, glean - (gather, as of natural products; 'harvest the grapes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CropPlant ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crop ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaisingCrops ; owl:onProperty :alwaysFollows ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FarmWorker ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Reappearing :wnsense "re-emerge1v", "reappear1v" ; :wordnet "re-emerge", "reappear" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Reappearing'' is an ''AppearingEvent'' performed by a PhysicalObject after that object had performed a ''Disappearing''; the ''Reappearing'' and ''Disappearing'' are relative to the range of perception of some ''Person'' or ''GroupOfPeople''. This can be for various kinds of 'appearing' or 'disappearing',all of them natural, but can also include a supernatural Event, though that is usually fictional or mystical. The ''Disappearing'' can be simply leaving the place where the Person observing is present,and then coming back, or someone leaving home and returning only afer years, or something manipulated by a ''Magician'' performer, using magic tricks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reappear' in WordNet: 1. (8) reappear, re-emerge - (appear again; 'The sores reappeared on her body'; 'Her husband reappeared after having left her years ago') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppearingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disappearing ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Rear :ldoce "back" ; :pertainsTo :BackSide, :RearPartOfAnObject ; :wnsense "back1adj", "rear1adj", "rearward2adj" ; :wordnet "back", "rear", "rearward" ; a :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Rear' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject located at the back side (rear) of another PhysicalObject (of which it is often a part), used especially when a similar object may be located at the front side; of, pertaining to, or located at the 'BackSide' or 'RearPartOfAnObject' of a PhysicalObject. Includes of adjective sense 1 of 'back' and sense 1 of 'rear' in WordNet: 1. (15) back - (related to or located at the back; 'the back yard'; 'the back entrance') WN adj 'rear': 1. rear, rearward - (located in or toward the back or rear; 'the chair's rear legs'; 'the rear door of the plane'; 'on the rearward side') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RearFacing :en "rear-facing" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :RearPartOfAnObject ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an attribute of Some part of anObject (usually a structure or large ship) from which the area behind that structure can be viewed. For simplicity this is described as being an attribute of a ''RearPartOfAnObject'', as the state of 'located at the rear' is not yet represented. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RearLeftWheel a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The rear left supporting wheel of a vehicle with four wheels." ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingWheel . :RearOfAnAnimal :en "rear of an animal" ; :enn "rear of an animal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''RearOfAnAnimal'' is the rear part of an ''Animal''. This is most easily rescognized in four-footed animals but in humans it typically refers to the ''Buttocks'', as though the human arms serve as the front legs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :RearPartOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RearOfaStage :en "back side of the stage", "rear of the stage", "stage rear" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''RearOfaStage'' is the rear part (the rear 'wall' or partition) of a ''StageForPerformances' that is itself located at the back of a Room (which is a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject''. This is where they hang a ''Backdrop''. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RearPartOfAnObject, :StageForPerformances, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EndOfRoomStage ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RearOutdoorArea :en "rear outdoor area" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RearOutdoorArea'' is an ''OutsideLocation'' that is a PhysicalObject that can be viewed from the rear part of some Object in which a Person can sit or stand and look out. This can be the area behind a structure or vehicle or any thing that can hold a Person and has a front and back side. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorObject, :OutsideLocation, :RearPartOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutsideLocation ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanOccupationConstruct ; owl:onProperty :isBehind ] . :RearPartOfAnObject :ldoce "back" ; :wnsense "back2n", "back3n", "back7n", "backside1n", "rear2n", "rear3n" ; :wordnet "back", "backside", "rear" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'RearPartOfAnObject' is the part of a PhysicalObject that has a recognizable front and back (i.e. a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject''), and is located at the back, behind the middle. NOTE: the use of this as parent type plus the relation ''isaPhysicalPartOf'' implies that the Object is at the rear of the For only the side that is in the rear use ''BackSide''. This can be an intrinsically oriented object, or something that has conventional front and back (e.g. the front part of a building is the part nearest to the street entrance or if more than one street entrances, the one nearest to the street with the main entrance, which usually is the street that defines the address of the building; but this is not necessarily true in all cases. For animals that have a head and face forward, the back part is the part on the opposite side from the eyes. This is a vaguely defined Object, which may be a fiat Object (no clearly delimited front and back side). Includes noun senses 2, 3, and 7 of 'back' in WordNet: 2. (12) rear, back - (the side that goes last or is not normally seen; back 'he wrote the date on the back of the photograph') 3. (4) back, rear - (the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer; 'he stood at the back of the stage'; 'it was hidden in the rear of the store') 7. back - (the part of a garment that covers the back of your body; 'they pinned a 'kick me' sign on his back') WN noun 'rear': 2. (6) rear, backside, back end - (the side of an object that is opposite its front; 'his room was toward the rear of the hotel') 3. (4) back, rear - (the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer; 'he stood at the back of the stage'; 'it was hidden in the rear of the store') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientedPart, :RelativeLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FrontAndBackSidedObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FrontPart ; owl:onProperty :isBehind ] . :RearRightWheel a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The rear right supporting wheel of a vehicle with four wheels." ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingWheel . :RearSeat :wnsense "backseat2n" ; :wordnet "backseat" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''RearSeat'' is an ''AutoSeat'' that is behind one or more other rows of seats in an ''Automobile'' (which includes muli-row limousines). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'backseat' in WordNet: 2. backseat - (a seat at the back of a vehicle (especially the seat at the back of an automobile)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AutoSeat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DriverSeat ; owl:onProperty :isBehind ] . :RearView a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RearView'' is a ''View'' of of the Area *behind* some Object (e.g. vehicle or building) large enough for a Person to be inside and look out. This can be a view outside a buiding or to the rear of a moving vehicle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RearOutdoorArea ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByObject ] . :RearViewMirror :wnsense "rearview mirror1n" ; :wordnet "rearview mirror" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this conceptually includes subtype ''SideViewMirror'' in which the mirror is attached to the sde of the car. The mirror mounted in the center of a car above the windshield is included here, but some trucks do not have such a mirror and depned on the ''SideViewMirror'' (or rear view cameras) to perform that function. RHW 'rearview mirror': a mirror mounted on the side, windshield, or instrument panel of an automobile or other vehicle to provide the driver with a view of the area behind the vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rearview mirror' in WordNet: 1. rearview mirror - (car mirror that reflects the view out of the rear window) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mirror, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rearview ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rearranging :wnsense "rearrange1v" ; :wordnet "rearrange" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rearranging'' is an ''Arranging'' of something that was previously 'arranged' in a different configuration. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rearrange' in WordNet: 1. (4) rearrange - (put into a new order or arrangement; 'Please rearrange these files'; 'rearrange the furniture in my room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arranging, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :FramingaPicture ] . :Rearview :en "rearview" ; :enadj "rearview" ; :pertainsTo :RearView, :RearViewMirror ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Rearview'' is an AttributeValue of a ''RearView'' or of some optical device (such as a ''RearviewMirror'') that provides a ''RearView''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Reasonable :ldoce "reasonable" ; :wnsense "reasonable1adj", "sensible1adj" ; :wordnet "reasonable", "sensible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Reasonable' is an AttributeValue modifying beliefs, or in the case of people, indicating that their judgment is sound and they are not prone to make bad choices (due to emotion); hence the things they do are usually 'NotUnreasonable'. Applying this attribute is to make a value judgment. For 'reasonable' regarding actions, plans, or policies, use 'NotUnreasonable'. For 'reasonable' modifying other things, especially when meaning 'not excessive' use 'NotExcessive'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'reasonable' in WordNet (the part applying to people). NOTE that 'sensible' : in WordNet: 1. (17) reasonable, sensible - (showing reason or sound judgment; 'a sensible choice'; 'a sensible person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Reasoning :en "analytical thinking", "logical thinking" ; :eng "reasoning" ; :ldoce "judge", "reason" ; :wnsense "abstract thought1n", "judgment4n", "logical thinking1n", "rationalise3v", "rationalize4v", "reason1v", "reason3v", "reasoning1n" ; :wordnet "abstract thought", "judgment", "logical thinking", "rationalise", "rationalize", "reason", "reasoning" ; a :IntelligentActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MentalEvent in which an IntelligentAgent explicitly creates a series of one or more assertions that lead from premises to a conclusion. This sense includes both reasoning events of formal logic that have no practical consequences as well as reasoning about what to do in a certain situation (WordNet sense 1). NOTE: This is the method of 'Thinking' that is called by Daniel Kahneman (see entry ''DanielKahneman'') as 'System 2' (slow and logical) and contrasts that with the method of thinking he calls 'System 1' (fast and intuitive). These systems are represented in COSMO by ''Reasoning'' and ''ThinkingIntuitively'', respectively. For more detail about Kahneman's analysis of thinking, see his excellent book: 'Thinking, Fast and Slow' Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York (2011). To be an instance of this type, the Reasoning does not have to be valid. This is a description of a human action, not of a valid logical structure. This sense includes verb sense 4 of 'rationalize' and senses 8 and 10 of 'judge' in RHW (the part that includes reasoning to a conclusion or judgment), but that sense of 'judge' does not appear in WN. 8. to form a judgment or opinion of; decide upon critically: You can't judge a book by its cover. 10. to infer, think, or hold as an opinion; conclude about or assess: He judged her to be correct. Includes verb sense 4 of 'rationalize' and verb senses 1 and 3 of 'reason', part of verb sense 1 of 'decide', verb sense 1 of 'conclude', and noun sense 4 of 'judgment' in WordNet. in WordNet: WN verb 'rationalize': 4. rationalize, rationalise - (think rationally; employ logic or reason; \"When one wonders why one is doing certain things, one should rationalize\") WN verb 'reason': 1. (3) reason, reason out, conclude - (decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion; 'We reasoned that it was cheaper to rent than to buy a house') 3. (1) reason - (think logically; 'The children must learn to reason') WN noun 'judgment': 4. (3) judgment, judgement, judging - (the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions) WN noun 'reasoning': 1. (6) reasoning, logical thinking, abstract thought - (thinking that is coherent and logical) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interacting, :Thinking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeductiveArgument :Conclusion :InferredAssertion ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :Premises ] ; owl:disjointWith :ThinkingIntuitively . :ReasoningRecord a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ReasoningRecord is a Record of some process of Reasoning. It will usually be a process of Reasoning used in a Computer, but could be a record of a person's reasoning. In Protege 4, when an ontology has disjoint classes, one may obtain a trace of the reasoning used to determine that there is a logical fallacy. This is one example of a 'ReasoningRecord'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, :Record . :Reassessment :wnsense "reappraisal1n", "reassessment1n", "revaluation1n", "review1n" ; :wordnet "reappraisal", "reassessment", "revaluation", "review" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reassessment''is an ''Evaluation'' that is the result of a ''Reevaluating'' action.. The ''appraisal'' of WN mentions 'worth' but is ambiguous as to whether that is only or primarily monetary value. This is for the assessment of any kind of 'worth', including being worthy of ''Belief''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reassessment' in WordNet: 1. reappraisal, revaluation, review, reassessment - (a new appraisal or evaluation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaluation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reevaluating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Belief ] . :Reassuring :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :ReassuringEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Distressing, :Worrisome ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reassuring'' is an AttributeValue of any ''Event'' that reduces concern or uncertainty about posssible negative Events, and provides a feeling of confidence. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reassuring' in Wordnet: 1. (2) reassuring - (restoring confidence and relieving anxiety; 'a very reassuring remark') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ReassuringEvent :wnsense "reassurance1n", "reassure2v" ; :wordnet "reassurance", "reassure" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Note: the difference between this ''Reassuring'' and the parent ''Assuring'' is difficult to discern; this should be used for a an action producing a higher degree of ''FeelingOfConfidence''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'reassure' in WordNet: 2. (1) reassure - (give or restore confidence in; cause to feel sure or certain; 'I reassured him that we were safe') WN noun 'reassurance': 1. (4) reassurance - (the act of reassuring; restoring someone's confidence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assuring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FeelingOfConfidence ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :ReassuringaPerson :wnsense "assure5v", "reassure1v" ; :wordnet "assure", "reassure" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReassuringaPerson'' is a ''CalmingaPerson'' that helps to provide some level of 'assurance'(certainty) about some emotionally worrysome issue. A 'reassuring' that gives a ''FeelingOfConfidence'' is represented by ''Reassuring''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reassure' in WordNet: 1. (5) reassure, assure - (cause to feel sure; give reassurance to; 'The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CalmingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calmness-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Rebate :wnsense "discount3n", "rebate1n" ; :wordnet "discount", "rebate" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rebate' in WordNet: 1. rebate, discount - (a refund of some fraction of the amount paid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refund . :Rebel :wnsense "freedom fighter1n", "insurgent1n", "insurrectionist1n", "rebel2n" ; :wordnet "freedom fighter", "insurgent", "insurrectionist", "rebel" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rebel'' is a ''Revolutionary'' who directly participates in a ''Rebellion'', usually by violent action (e.g. in an 'armed rebellion'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rebel' in WordNet: 2. (3) insurgent, insurrectionist, freedom fighter, rebel - (a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Revolutionary . :Rebelling :wnsense "arise6v", "rebel1v", "rise up2v", "rise15v" ; :wordnet "arise", "rebel", "rise", "rise up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Rebelling'' is a ''ResistingaPolicy'' that is performed by one or more people who both refuse to perform some Action required by an authority, and try to change the situation (actively or passively) so that they do not have to perform that action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rebel' in WordNet: 1. (5) rebel, arise, rise, rise up - (take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ResistingaPolicy . :Rebellion :wnsense "insurrection1n", "rebellion2n", "revolt1n", "uprising1n" ; :wordnet "insurrection", "rebellion", "revolt", "uprising" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rebellion'' is a ''GroupResistance'' that employs forceful (possibly violent) action.against an authority to achieve some goal, often the overthrow of a government. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rebellion' in WordNet: 2. (5) rebellion, insurrection, revolt, rising, uprising - (organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupResistance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rebel ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Battle ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Rebellious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Rebelliousness-Feeling ; :wnsense "rebellious1adj" ; :wordnet "rebellious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Rebellious'' is for people who are subject to some form of authority or control and refuse to preform what is expeted or ordered by the authority with respect to whom that Person is rebellious. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rebellious' in Wordnet: 1. (1) rebellious - (resisting control or authority; 'temperamentally rebellious'; 'a rebellious crew') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disobedient . :Rebelliousness-Feeling :guid "be0117e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "defiance1n", "rebelliousness1n" ; :wordnet "defiance", "rebelliousness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A feeling of opposition against authority or the status quo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rebelliousness' in WordNet: 1. defiance, rebelliousness - (intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opposition-Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rebellious ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Rebirth :CYC "Reincarnation" ; :guid "be4195ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rebirth2n", "reincarnation2n", "renascence2n" ; :wordnet "rebirth", "reincarnation", "renascence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC 'Reincarnation': CYC: The act of being reborn, whereby the spiritual essence that previously occupied (a now dead) body (or technically, #$Organism-Whole) now occupies a new #$Organism-Whole from its inception onwards. The concept of #$Reincarnation adopted here assumes that the connection between an entity and a 'past-life' is the spiritual being (i.e., #$DivineBeing) of which the new and past lives are physical incarnations (see #$IncarnationPhysicalFn).r NOTE: this is for the mythological or religious notion of a Person being reborn after death into a new life. Being unverifiable by any physical means, the actual meaning can be very fuzzy and depend on who is using the term. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rebirth' in WordNet: 2. reincarnation, rebirth, renascence - (a second or new birth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reincarnation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Reborn :en "reborn" ; :enadj "reborn" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Rebirth ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reborn'' is an AttributeValue of an IntelligentAgent NOTE this is for the literal (mystical) sense of 'reborn', not the religious sense of experiencing a spiritual 'rebirth'. For that sense see ''BornAgain''. RHW 'reborn': having undergone rebirth. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Born, :PastParticiple . :Rebounding :en "bounce back" ; :env "bounce back" ; :wnsense "backlash1n", "bounce1v", "bound4v", "rebound1n", "rebound1v", "recoil3v", "repercussion2n", "resile2v", "ricochet1v", "spring3v", "take a hop1v" ; :wordnet "backlash", "bounce", "bound", "rebound", "recoil", "repercussion", "resile", "ricochet", "spring", "take a hop" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rebounding'' is a very general type of Event that is a subtype of ''AffectingSomething'' for the very general case where a 'Something Moving' (PhysicalObject, wave) moving *toward* a Physicalobject impinges on the PhysicalObject, and due to interaction with that PhysicalObject, the 'Something Moving' changes its direction of motion so as to reverse the component vector of its original motion that was *toward* the PhysicalObject to become *away* from the PhysicalObject that caused the ''Rebounding'' of the 'Something Moving'. This is general,forrebounding inany direction. A bouncing off the floor under gravity would be a subtype. The object causing the rebound is usually solid but can be liquid, as when light reflects from the surface of a liquid. This Event includes the subevents of the interaction (e.g. 'collison' or 'Reflecting'') of the 'Something Moving' and the PhysicalObject, plus the reverse motion of the 'Something Moving'. See more details in the subtypes ''Bouncing'' and ''Reflecting''. The difference from the parent 'Repelling''is in the necessary change of direction of the 'Something Moving' from toward to away. By contrast, in the case of refraction, the direction of motion changes, but no component of the motion reverses. The subtypes wll be ''Bouncing'' (for impinging PhysicalObjects) and ''Reflecting'' (for waves such as audio or light). Includes part of noun sense 1 and part of verb sense 1 of 'rebound' in Wordnet: 1. recoil, repercussion, rebound, backlash - (a movement back from an impact) WN verb 'rebound': 1. (1) bounce, resile, take a hop, spring, bound, rebound, recoil, reverberate, ricochet - (spring back; spring away from an impact; 'The rubber ball bounced'; 'These particles do not resile but they unite after they collide;) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirectionOfMotion, :Repelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingTowardSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingAwayFromSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :ReboundingMove :en "get the rebound" ; :eng "rebounding" ; :env "get the rebound" ; :guid "bd589714-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rebound3n" ; :wordnet "rebound" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In basketball, taking possession of the ball after a failed shot. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rebound' in WordNet: 3. rebound - (the act of securing possession of the rebounding basketball after a missed shot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfPossession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BasketballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Rebuffing :wnsense "rebuff1v", "rebuff2n", "repel4v", "repulse1n", "snub1n", "snub2v" ; :wordnet "rebuff", "repel", "repulse", "snub" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rebuffing'' is a ''Refusing' to accept some offer or suggestion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rebuff' in WordNet: 1. (4) rebuff, snub, repel - (reject outright and bluntly; 'She snubbed his proposal') WN noun 'snub': 1. rebuff, snub, repulse - (an instance of driving away or warding off) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refusing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offering ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :RebuffingaPerson :wnsense "rebuff1n", "slight1n" ; :wordnet "rebuff", "slight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RebuffingaPerson'' is a form of ''Offending'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rebuff' in WordNet: 1. (1) rebuff, slight - (a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offending . :Rebuilding :eng "rebuilding" ; :wnsense "rebuild1v", "rebuilding1n", "reconstruct2v" ; :wordnet "rebuild", "rebuilding", "reconstruct" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rebuilding'' is the Action where some ArtifactObject (any kind, from small device to large palace) that had come apart or been disassembled or been damaged or destroyed, is constructed again in such a way that its assigned identity continues to be that of the original object. Usually this requires that some physical part of the original object be included as a part of the rebuilt object, but for large structures that had been almost completely destroyed the fact that it is rebuilt on the same site may be enough for it to be considered as the same (have the same diachronic identity) as the original. This is usually applied only to objects that are at least large enough to manipulate with the hand,but there is no upper size limit especially for structures. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rebuild' in WordNet: 1. (11) rebuild, reconstruct - (build again; 'The house was rebuild after it was hit by a bomb') WN noun 'rebuilding': 1. (3) rebuilding - (building again) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuildingSomething, :Restoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :RebuiltObject ] . :RebuiltObject a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RebuiltObject'' is an ''ArtifactObject'' that is the product of a ''Rebuilding'' action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rebuilding ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Rebutting :wnsense "controvert2v", "rebut1v", "rebut2v", "refute1v", "refute2v" ; :wordnet "controvert", "rebut", "refute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """evidence, grounds Includes verb senses 1 of 'rebut' in WordNet: 1. (7) refute, rebut - (overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof; 'The speaker refuted his opponent's arguments') 2. (1) refute, rebut, controvert - (prove to be false or incorrect) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disproving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Assertion ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ] . :Recapturing :wnsense "recapture4v", "retake2v" ; :wordnet "recapture", "retake" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Recapturing'' is the action in which a Person or group of people capture (do a ''Capturing'') an animal (including a Person) subsequent to a prior ''Capturing'' and an escape (''EscapingCaptivity'') or reease (''ReleasingaCapturedAnimal'') of that animal. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'recapture' in WordNet: 4. recapture, retake - (capture again; \"recapture the escaped prisoner\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capturing, :Recurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capturing ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EscapingCaptivity :ReleasingaCapturedAnimal :ReleasingaPrisoner ) ] ] . :RecastingAnObject :wnsense "recast2v", "remold1v", "remould1v" ; :wordnet "recast", "remold", "remould" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RecastingAnObject'' is a ''ReshapingSomething'' Action that takes material from a prior 'Casting'' action and uses it to cast the same object again. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'recast' in WordNet: 2. recast, remold, remould - (cast again; 'The bell cracked and had to be recast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoldingAnArtifact, :ReshapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoldingAnArtifact ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Receding :wnsense "draw back1v", "fall back3v", "pull away1v", "pull back1v", "recede1v", "recede2v" ; :wordnet "draw back", "fall back", "pull away", "pull back", "recede" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Receding'' is the general sense of moving away from something in a 'rearward' direction (relative to the moving thing - in the direction of its 'coming' to that place). WN sense 1 of 'recede' seems to include various senses; the senses for people moving away from something is represented in subtype ''Withdrawing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'recede' in WordNet: 1. (4) withdraw, retreat, pull away, draw back, recede, pull back, retire, move back - (pull back or move away or backward; 'The enemy withdrew'; 'The limo pulled away from the curb') 2. (3) recede, fall back, retire - (move back and away from; 'The enemy fell back') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion . :ReceiptVoucher :wnsense "receipt2n", "voucher2n" ; :wordnet "receipt", "voucher" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ReceiptVoucher'' is a ''Document-Physical'' that can serve as evidence of some payment, specifying the item paid for. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'voucher' and to noun sense 1 of 'receipt' (any difference?) in WordNet: 2. voucher - (a document that serves as evidence of some expenditure) WN noun 'receipt': 2. (2) receipt - (an acknowledgment (usually tangible) that payment has been made) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialInstrument, :PhysicalEvidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :One-TimePayment ; owl:onProperty :isEvidenceFor ] . :Receivables :CYC "Receivable" ; :en "receivables" ; :enn "receivables" ; :guid "bd58e72b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Receivable': The financial obligation(s) for a specific sale of goods or services. NOTE: CYC ''Receivable'' is interpreted as the ''Owing'' situation where one party owes money to another party for some goods or services delivered. The perspective for this ''persistentState'' is independent of the agents involved. The financial concept of ''AccountsReceivable'' would be an 'Asset'' viewed from the perspective of the Party that is owed money, a different but correlated concept involving the 'agentOwed' Role in this state.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Owing . :ReceivedWisdom :en "received wisdom" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ReceivedWisdom' is some body of Knowledge derived from Experience (at least two Events) that is accepted as true or useful among some ''SocialGroup'' though it may not be supported as a general fact by good evidence. From 'thefreedictionary.com': Received Wisdom:. Common knowledge that is held to be true, but may not be. The received wisdom says to 'feed a cold and starve a fever', but that doesn't reflect current medical practice. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Experience ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossiblyTrue ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ; owl:someValuesFrom :SocialGroup ] . :ReceiverDevice :guid "c0fd6305-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "receiver1n", "receiving system1n" ; :wordnet "receiver", "receiving system" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ElectronicDevice capable of detecting radio transmissions, whether artificial or natural. This differs from the apparent SUMO usage, but preservces a distinction from 'RadioReceiver' which is restricted to receivers designed to detect and interpret man-made radio communication signals. NOTE: for the Device that is desinged to receive radio transmisions from man-made transmitters, use subtype ''RadioWaveReceivingDevice''. Thus a ground station or orbiting station that detects radio signals from astronomical objects is an instance of this category, but not an instance of 'RadioReceiver'. NOTE that receiver and transmitter are not disjoint, and one device can be both. SUMO: An ElectricDevice that is capable of receiving and decoding RadioEmissions, e.g. Radios and Televisions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'receiver' in WordNet: 1. (4) receiver, receiving system - (set that receives radio or tv signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :WirelessCommunicationDevice . :Receiving :en "receiving" ; :guid "bdaf0276-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "get", "receive" ; :wnsense "get1v", "receipt1n", "receive1v", "reception4n" ; :wordnet "get", "receipt", "receive", "reception" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Receving' is a very broad type representing the receiving of both physical and abstract things; object, money, awards, attributes (such as inherited characteristics), information, praise, permission; the criterion of 'receving' is that the thing received stays with the recipient for some time - perhaps for life (e.g. degrees or awards ma not be able to be given up) - unless lost, used up, or given away. This may be broader than the Cyc meaning. One may receive something (such as praise) without a corresponding loss of anything on the part of the giver or sender. Receving an honor does not necessarily cost the giver of the honor anything of value. 'Receiving' does **not** include 'experiencing' something, or getting a punishment, or 'receiving good treatment' For the sense of 'receiving' something that a person can control,use 'GainingControl'. Cyc: A specialization of #$TransferIn. Each instance of #$Receiving is an event in which something 'comes in' to an object. Typically, a receiving has associated with it an instance of #$Translocation (q.v.); a particular receiving and its associated translocation(s) are related by the predicate #$transferInSubEvent. If the thing which 'comes in' is an instance of #$PartiallyTangible (such as a baseball, or a SCUD missile), then its reception is an instance of the specialization #$ReceivingAnObject (q.v.). If the translocation associated with the receiving is an instance of #$WavePropagation (such as a radio broadcast, or heat radiation from the Sun), then the receiving is an instance of the specialization #$ReceivingAWave (q.v.). Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 12 of 'receive' and sense 1 of 'get' in WordNet, and also includes receiving abstract information (news) and for people, also praise, criticism, suggestions. in WordNet: 1. (123) receive, have - (get something; come into possession of; 'receive payment'; 'receive a gift'; 'receive letters from the front') 3. (25) pick up, receive - (register (perceptual input); 'pick up a signal') 12. receive - (partake of the Holy Eucharist sacrament) WN verb 'get': 1. (235) get, acquire - (come into the possession of something concrete or abstract; 'She got a lot of paintings from her uncle'; 'They acquired a new pet'; 'Get your results the next day'; 'Get permission to take a few days off from work') WN noun reception': 4. (1) reception, receipt - (the act of receiving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransferIn . :ReceivingAWave :guid "bfccc722-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Receiving. Each instance of #$ReceivingAWave is an event in which an instance of #$WavePropagation (q.v.) is received at some location (the location is related to the instance of #$WavePropagation by the predicate #$toLocation). Instances of #$ReceivingAWave include a CD player receiving an infrared signal from a remote control, a person hearing a sound of distant thunder, and a radio telescope receiving signals from a celestial body.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Receiving . :ReceivingAnObject :en "receive an object", "receiving an object" ; :enn "receiving an object" ; :env "receive an object" ; :guid "bf0c9ca6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$ReceivingAnObject is a specialization of #$Receiving. An instance of #$ReceivingAnObject is an event in which there is some #$PartiallyTangible which is the #$objectMoving, i.e., the thing which comes in to the receiver (the #$toLocation). For example, the #$objectMoving on an occasion when Lynn Swann received a pass from Terry Bradshaw during a Steelers' game would be a football (i.e., some instance of #$Football-American) and the passing/receiving event itself would be an instance of #$ReceivingAnObject. COSMO NOTE: the 'Object' received can be something abstract, such as an ''Award''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Receiving, :TakingPossessionOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :ReceivingInformation :en "getting information", "receving information" ; :enn "getting information", "receving information" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReceivingInformation'' can be accomplished by any of several means, e.g. reading or observing, or as the ending phase of a ''Communication''. This may or may not be 'learning' something, depending on whethr the information is already known, and whether it is factual. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Receiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InformationObject :ObjectType ) ] ] . :ReceivingMoney :ldoce "payment" ; :wnsense "payment2n" ; :wordnet "payment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ReceivingMoney' is one view of a MoneyTransaction, from the perspective of the person receiving the money, This type is useful for representing things like a salary. For this type 'money' is any currency **or liquid asset** easily converted into money, such as stock options or even an increase in the value of the stock one owns . Corresponds to part of sense 2 of 'payment' in WordNet: 2. (23) payment, defrayal, defrayment - (the act of paying money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoneyTransaction, :Receiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :PaymentAmount ] . :Recent :isTheOppositeOf :Antique, :Prehistoric ; :ldoce "recent" ; :wnsense "recent2adj", "recent3adj" ; :wordnet "recent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the AttributeValue attached to Events that have occurred in the recent (near in time) past. 'Recent' is a vague term, and relative to normal time period expectations. The linguistic usages of 'new' and'recent' overlap, but this COSMO sense should only be applied to Events that have occurred in the near past (relative to the time of speaking). Objects recently created should be represented by 'New'. In WordNet sense 1 of 'recent' the objects are represented by ''New'': in WordNet: 1. (36) recent - (being new in a time not long past; 'recent graduates'; 'a recent addition to the house'; 'recent buds on the apple trees') WN However, the Event that created them was 'Recent') WN 'a recent addition to the house'; WN 'recent buds on the apple trees' WN Also Includes parts of adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'recent' : 2. (9) late, recent - (of the immediate past or just previous to the present time; 'a late development'; 'their late quarrel'; 'his recent trip to Africa'; 'in recent months'; 'a recent issue of the journal') 3. (4) recent - (near to or not long before the present; 'recent times'; 'of recent origin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CloseInTime . :RecentDevelopment :wnsense "development3n" ; :wordnet "development" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RecentDevelopment'' is an Event that is related to some previous Event in having some of the same participants, possibly including objects, agents, ideas or theories or attributes that are modified by something that occurs after previous events affecting those same participants, and occring recently in time (relative to the time of the assertion using this type). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'development' in WordNet: 3. (89) development - (a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation; 'recent developments in Iraq'; 'what a revolting development!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RecentOccurrence :en "recent occurrence" ; :enn "recent occurrence" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventGroup ] . :Reception :wnsense "reception2n" ; :wordnet "reception" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reception'' is a ''SocialGathering'' that may occur after a ''FormalMeeting'' or after some Ceremony, as a WeddingReception, or to 'receive' (greet) some distinguished person who is visiting (in the last case,the person received could be pointed to by 'hadHonoree').. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reception' in WordNet: 2. (3) reception - (a formal party of people; as after a wedding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGathering . :Receptionist :guid "bd58ae25-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "receptionist1n" ; :wordnet "receptionist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: employees who take care of incoming and leaving clients, phone calls, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'receptionist' in WordNet: 1. (6) receptionist - (a secretary whose main duty is to answer the telephone and receive visitors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministrativeStaffPerson, :ClericalWorker . :Receptive :wnsense "open15adj", "receptive2adj" ; :wordnet "open", "receptive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a general sense of 'receptive' in being willing to accept suggestions or ideas. A more intensive for is the subattribute ''OpenMinded''. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'receptive' in Wordnet: 2. receptive, open - (ready or willing to receive favorably; 'receptive to the proposals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Recess :en "work break" ; :ldoce "break" ; :wnsense "break5n", "recess1n", "recess5n", "time out1n", "time-out1n" ; :wordnet "break", "recess", "time out", "time-out" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Recess'is a type of 'Pause' (a temporary cessation; a 'PersistentState') of some ongoing human activity; the activity may be paused for any reason (for lunch, bathroom break, simple refreshment, to give time for other activities, planned recesses at meetings; schooltime recess for children to play; time-outs in sports events, or simple rest breaks in any activity) and for any interval of time, so long as it is intended to be temporary. This is an intentional action. This is not the Event that caused the Recess (an 'InterruptingEvent': 'taking a recess' is not yet r953 explicitly represented, but would be a subtype of 'InterruptingEvent') nor the TimeInterval during which the Pause takes place (an 'Intermission') arriving; . This type is an Event that is a PersistentState representing the state of the activities during the Pause in action. Corresponds to noun sense 5 and part of sense 1 'recess' and sense 5 of 'break' sense 1 of 'time out' and includes sense 1 of 'time-out' (sports sense) in WordNet: 1. deferral, recess - (a state of abeyance or suspended business) 5. respite, recess, break, time out - (a pause from doing something (as work); 'we took a 10-minute break'; 'he took time out to recuperate') WN noun 'time out': 1. respite, recess, break, time out - (a pause from doing something (as work); 'we took a 10-minute break'; 'he took time out to recuperate') WN noun 'time-out': 1. time-out - (a brief suspension of play; 'each team has two time-outs left') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Pause, :PurposefulInaction . :Recession :wnsense "recession1n" ; :wordnet "recession" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Recession'' is a period of time exceeding one quarter of a year during which the overall growth rate of an Economy (usually a national economy, but sometimes applied to parts of a country or groups of countries) becomes negative, i.e. the net production of goods and services declines. RHW: 4. Econ. a period of an economic contraction, sometimes limited in scope or duration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recession' in WordNet: 1. (1) recession - (the state of the economy declines; a widespread decline in the GDP and employment and trade lasting from six months to a year) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroeconomicEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isMeasuredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :InflationRate ] . :Recipe :wnsense "formula2adj", "recipe1n" ; :wordnet "formula", "recipe" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Recipe' is a 'Procedure' for making something involving substances (instances of 'SubstanceType'), which could be food or could be a chemical product. It usually involves mixing ingredients or some form of cooking. In WordNet a subtype of 'direction, instructions' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recipe' in WordNet: 1. (1) recipe, formula - (directions for making something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ProcessiveEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Recipient :wnsense "receiver4n", "recipient role1n", "recipient1n", "recipient2n" ; :wordnet "receiver", "recipient", "recipient role" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Recipient'' is an IntelligentAgent that receives something in a ''Receiving'' Event. NOTE: For a Person who receives something, use 'the subtype ''Acquirer''. Includes but is broader than noun senses 1 and 2 of 'recipient' in WordNet; the thing doing the receiving need not be animate. in WordNet: 1. (2) recipient, receiver - (a person who gets something) 2. recipient role, recipient - (the semantic role of the animate entity that is passively involved in the happening denoted by the verb in the clause) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Receiving ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Receiving ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :ReciprocalAction :eng "reciprocal action", "reciprocating" ; :wnsense "reciprocate1v" ; :wordnet "reciprocate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReciprocalAction'' is a ''GivingEvent'' in which the motivation for the giving is some prior or *simultaneous* ''GivingEvent'', as in an Exchange. NOTE that this is just one of the Giving events, not both; this is a subevent of a ''Transaction''. This differs from ''GivingBack'' in that the thing given is not the same as the thing previously received in the Action that motivates this Action given. The 'giver' in the this event is the recipient of a prior or simultaneous ''ReciprocalAction''. The 'giving' in either direction can be of any ''ValuableThing'' including time, labor, moral support, money, or anything that can cause a feeling of gratitude or obligation. 'returning a favor' is one of many possible scenarios. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reciprocate' in WordNet: 1. reciprocate - (act, feel, or give mutually or in return; 'We always invite the neighbors and they never reciprocate!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GivingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuidProQuo ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mutual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Transaction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :ReciprocalRole :en "reciprocal role" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ReciprocalRole' is a Role that relates one thing to another in a symmetrical way; if X hasRoleTo Y, then Y hasRoleTo X. Examples are Partner, Spouse, Acquaintance. There should be a symmetrical relation in the ontology for each ReciprocalRole. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role . :ReciprocatingMotion :wnsense "reciprocate2v" ; :wordnet "reciprocate" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReciprocatingMotion'' is a 'ShakingMotion'' in which a PhysicalObject move back and forth along the same (more or less linear) path. NOTE: a single forward and backward motion of an object is an instance of this type. Corresponds to part (for linear motion, not an alternating rotation) of verb sense 2 of 'reciprocate' in WordNet: 2. reciprocate - (alternate the direction of motion of; 'the engine reciprocates the propeller') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShakingMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightPath ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForwardMotion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BackwardMotion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Reckless :wnsense "foolhardy1adj", "heady3adj", "heedless2adj", "rash2adj", "reckless1adj", "reckless2adj" ; :wordnet "foolhardy", "heady", "heedless", "rash", "reckless" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'reckless' in Wordnet: 1. (2) foolhardy, heady, rash, reckless - (marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences; 'foolhardy enough to try to seize the gun from the hijacker'; 'became the fiercest and most reckless of partisans'-Macaulay; 'a reckless driver'; 'a rash attempt to climb Mount Everest') 2. heedless, reckless - (characterized by careless unconcern; 'the heedless generosity and the spasmodic extravagance of persons used to large fortunes'- Edith Wharton; 'reckless squandering of public funds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute . :Recliner :wnsense "lounger2n", "recliner1n", "reclining chair1n" ; :wordnet "lounger", "recliner", "reclining chair" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recliner' in WordNet: 1. recliner, reclining chair, lounger - (an armchair whose back can be lowered and foot can be raised to allow the sitter to recline in it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Armchair, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reclining ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adjustable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Reclining :wnsense "lean back1v", "recline1v" ; :wordnet "lean back", "recline" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reclining'' is an Action performed by an Person in which the Person leans back on a slanted object (e.g. a Bed with a bolster or a ''Recliner'' chair). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'recline' in WordNet: 1. lean back, recline - (move the upper body backwards and down) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeaningOnSomething . :Recognition :impliesPriorEventType :Noticing ; :ldoce "recognition", "recognize" ; :wnsense "acknowledge4v", "acknowledgement1n", "acknowledgement2n", "credit1n", "recognition1n", "recognize7v" ; :wordnet "acknowledge", "acknowledgement", "credit", "recognition", "recognize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Recognition' is an Action in which one agent informs a Person, directly or indirectly, that some person's action(s) has been noticed and is appreciated as being good in some sense; one common instance is the case where the person whose action is being acknowledged is him/herself being informed of the fact; but one can also recognize the work of other people in a speech act or publication, where the person whose work is being recognized is not aware of the act of Recognition. This is a broad category, including acts like one-on-one congratulations, or formal award ceremonies, or citations in scholarly works. This Action is the act of informing, and it presupposes a prior act of noticing the action that is appreciated. In WordNet 'recognition' is classified as a state, but in COSMO it is an Action; the state of 'being recognized' follows as a necessary consequence from the action of 'Recognition', but that state is not represented by this type, nor as of rev833, by any other type in COSMO.. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'recognition' and noun sense 1 of 'acknowledgement' and verb sense 7 of 'recognize' and sense 4 of 'acknowledge', and sense 1 of'credit' and includes part of noun sense 2 of 'acknowledgement' in WordNet: 1. (10) recognition, acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged; 'the partners were delighted with the recognition of their work'; 'she seems to avoid much in the way of recognition or acknowledgement of feminist work prior to her own') WN 'acknowledgement': 1. recognition, acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged; 'the partners were delighted with the recognition of their work'; 'she seems to avoid much in the way of recognition or acknowledgement of feminist work prior to her own') 2. acknowledgment, acknowledgement - (a statement acknowledging something or someone; 'she must have seen him but she gave no sign of acknowledgment'; 'the preface contained an acknowledgment of those who had helped her') WN 'recognize': (= sense 4 of 'acknowledge') 7. (2) acknowledge, recognize, recognise - (express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for; 'We must acknowledge the kindness she showed towards us') WN noun 'credit': 1. (7) recognition, credit - (approval; 'give her recognition for trying'; 'he was given credit for his work'; 'give her credit for trying'; 'the credits were given at the end of the film') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :Informing, :PleasantThing, :SociabilityBasedAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CreditSituation ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :RecognitionOfMerit :en "recognition of merit" ; :impliesPriorEventType :Noticing ; :wnsense "commemoration2n", "memorial1n", "remembrance2n" ; :wordnet "commemoration", "memorial", "remembrance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RecognitionOfMerit'' is a formal ''Recognition'' provided by an Organization to someone who performed a notable good service. may produce a 'merit award'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'memorial' in WordNet: 1. (1) memorial, commemoration, remembrance - (a recognition of meritorious service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recognition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CreditSituation ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Recognizable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Recognizing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Recognizing ; :wnsense "placeable1adj", "recognisable1adj", "recognizable1adj", "recognizable2adj" ; :wordnet "placeable", "recognisable", "recognizable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Recognizable'' is an attribute of situations, or events or Objects or attributes that are capable (not necesarily with ease) of being identified (as an individual) or categorized (as a type) usually because of having some perceivable distinctive attribute(s) or characteristic attribute combinations. NOTE: the difference between WN senses 1 and 2 are difficult to specify logically. Sense 1 gloss seems closer to the parent attribute ''Perceivable''. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'recognizable' in Wordnet: 1. (2) recognizable - (easily perceived; easy to become aware of; 'this situation produces recognizable stress symptoms') 2. (2) recognizable, recognisable, placeable - (capable of being recognized) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceivable . :Recognizing :en "recognizing" ; :eng "discerning" ; :guid "c0170666-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "discern1v", "distinguish2v", "identification5v", "identify1v", "make out1v", "pick out2v", "recognise3v", "recognition2n", "recognize3v", "tell apart1v" ; :wordnet "discern", "distinguish", "identification", "identify", "make out", "pick out", "recognise", "recognition", "recognize", "tell apart" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which something is classified as belonging to some previously known category, or being some previously known individual, by use of some physical observation (using any of the senses, or aided by any tool or instrument). In this act, the category or individual is distinguished from others. The more specific subtypes are ''Classifying', in which something is identified as belonging to a particular type (class, sort, kind, category) Example: 'He identified the tree as a Japanese maple.' This act can be accomplished using any sense or method, including computerized pattern analyis or analytical procedures. Cyc: A subcollection of #$PurposefulAction, instances of #$Identifying are those actions in which something is identified. See also #$identifiedThing, #$IdentifyingObjectAsType, #$identifiedAsType and #$IdentifyingAsTypeFn. Includes verb sense 1 of 'identify' and sense 5 of 'identification' and sense 2 of 'recognition' in WordNet: WN 'recognize: 3. (25) recognize, recognise, distinguish, discern, pick out, make out, tell apart - (detect with the senses; 'The fleeing convicts were picked out of the darkness by the watchful prison guards'; 'I can't make out the faces in this photograph') 4. (11) recognize, recognise - (perceive to be the same) WN verb 'identify': 1. (33) identify, place - (recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something; 'She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster') WN 'identification': 5. recognition, identification - (the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering; 'a politician whose recall of names was as remarkable as his recognition of faces'; 'experimental psychologists measure the elapsed time from the onset of the stimulus to its recognition by the observer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distinguishing, :Inquiring, :Learning, :Remembering . :RecognizingBySight :en "recognizing" ; :wnsense "make out1v", "recognize3v" ; :wordnet "make out", "recognize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of Recognizing something by use of the eyes (with or without the assistance of an instrument). For the more general sense of recognition, by any sense, use 'Recognizing'. This includes recognizing types of Event, as in 'Jack recognized the childrens's game from his stay in China.' Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'recognize' in WordNet (restricted to recognition by visual observation): in WordNet: 3. (25) recognize, recognise, distinguish, discern, pick out, make out, tell apart - (detect with the senses; 'The fleeing convicts were picked out of the darkness by the watchful prison guards'; 'I can't make out the faces in this photograph') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recognizing, :Seeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Event :EventType ) ] ] . :RecoillessLauncher :en "recolless launcher" ; :guid "c0524135-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$MissileLaunchers. Each instance of #$RecoillessLauncher is intended to launch #$Missiles without recoil.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RocketLauncher . :Recommendation :wnsense "recommendation1n" ; :wordnet "recommendation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Recommendation' is a Suggestion created by a 'ReccomendingEvent' whose content includes a specific preference for one course of action over alternatives. NOTE that a 'Recommendation' is not itself the course of action recommeded, it is a text that describes the course of action' This differs from the WordNet gloss in that this is an AbstractText, not an Action; each Recommendation has as its main topic a recommended course of action; that course of action is the meaning suggested by the WordNet gloss, but the WordNet hgypernym is not an action. Approximately corresponds to noun senses 1 of 'recommendation' in WordNet, if the WordNet synset is interpreted as are its hypernyms as an AbstractText, not an action: in WordNet: 1. (25) recommendation - (something (as a course of action) that is recommended as advisable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suggestion . :Recommended :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :RecommendingEvent ; :wnsense "recommended1adj" ; :wordnet "recommended" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Recommended'' is the attribute of something that is the *object (*patient) of a 'RecommendingEvent'' action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recommended' in WordNet: 1. (3) recommended, suggested - (mentioned as worthy of acceptance; \"the recommended medicine\"; \"the suggested course of study\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suggested . :RecommendingAgainstSomething :en "recommending against something" ; :enn "recommending against something" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RecommendingAgainstSomething'' is a form of ''ExpressingDisapproval'' in which the thing disapproved of is an ''Action''. This kind of recommendation is typically caused by the ''Disapproval'' by the agent of the Communication of at least one ''AlternativeAction'' that the audience (one or more) of the Action might perform. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingDisapproval, :RecommendingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeprecatedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChangingAnAgentsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChangingAnAgentsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disapproval ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deprecated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :RecommendingEvent :guid "bd5fbf7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "advocate1v", "recommend1v" ; :wordnet "advocate", "recommend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Each RecommendingEvent is a 'Suggesting' in which one of two or more possible courses of action (for another agent) is asserted to be better than the others; this is stronger than a 'Suggesting' in that one course of action is given a clear preference. As with 'Suggesting, a 'RecommendingEvent' discusses a possible Deciding act.It may or may not talk about some FutureSituation(s) which could be caused by the Deciding (i.e. it may give reasons for the Recommending). If in addition to slecting one course of action as preferable, it gives reasons, it is an 'Advising'. NOTE: these days,computer programs may do 'recommending' so this Action is no longer the province of humans only. Cyc: A collection of events, in which an #$IntelligentAgent A tells another #$IntelligentAgent B what A thinks B should do, especially when A knows more than B does about something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'recommend' and senses 1 and 2 of 'urge' (but does not include the notio of 'forcing - this ipurely polite recommendation) in WordNet: 1. (50) recommend, urge, advocate - (push for something; 'The travel agent recommended strongly that we not travel on Thanksgiving Day') WN verb 'urge': 1. (36) urge, urge on, press, exhort - (force or impel in an indicated direction; 'I urged him to finish his studies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, :Suggesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Recommendation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recommended ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Reconciling :en "reconciling" ; :wnsense "accommodate7v", "conciliate3v", "reconcile1v" ; :wordnet "accommodate", "conciliate", "reconcile" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reconciling''is a ''CausingHarmony'' in which an Agent performs some ''Reasoning'' Action (such as by adding assumptions or theories) to make two or more different asertions appear logically consistent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reconcile' in WordNet: 1. (2) accommodate, reconcile, conciliate - (make compatible with; 'The scientists had to accommodate the new results with the existing theories') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingConforming ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Record :ldoce "record" ; :wnsense "record1n" ; :wordnet "record" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Record is an abstract sequence of symbols (usually linguistic) representing a sequence of events or sounds or images that occurred. One example is a written document with a set of sentences describing the events of a meeting. For an abstract example, a sequence of abstract symbols, stored in one of more computers, can provide a Trace of some computational or reasoning process such as one carried out in the computer. As an Artifact, it has to have an IntelligentAgent as creator - for traces generated by a computer, that Agent will be the programmer or, if sufficiently autonomous, the computer itself - or both. This can be represented by a ''Document-Physical'' or a physical sound recording or a video recording. Corresponds to part (the abstract part) of noun sense 1 of 'record' in WordNet: 1. (238) record - (anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events; 'the film provided a valuable record of stage techniques') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, :Trace . :RecordBook :ennp "records" ; :wnsense "book5n", "record book1n", "record7n" ; :wordnet "book", "record", "record book" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RecordBook'' is the abstract symbolic content of a 'PerformanceRecord', which has been recorded as a ''Book-Physical''. NOTE: WN does not distinguish the physical book from the abstract content. The WN terms may label either of those concepts. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'record book' in WordNet: 1. record, record book, book - (a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone; 'Al Smith used to say, 'Let's look at the record''; 'his name is in all the record books') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerformanceRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Book-Physical ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :Recorded :isAnAttributeValueOf :Recording ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MakingaRecord ; :wnsense "recorded1adj" ; :wordnet "recorded" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recorded' in Wordnet: 1. (3) recorded - (set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction; \"recorded music\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :RecordedTestimony :en "recorded testimony" ; :enn "recorded testimony" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A physical recording (taken by hand or machine) of testimony given as part of a JudicialProcess.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, :PhysicalEvidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Testimony ] . :RecordedVideoCassette :en "video cassette recording" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VideoCassette'' that has had some video images recorded in it - not blank. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VideoCassette, :VideoRecording . :Recorder :wnsense "fipple flute1n", "fipple pipe1n", "recorder4n", "vertical flute1n" ; :wordnet "fipple flute", "fipple pipe", "recorder", "vertical flute" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Simple WoodwindInstrument. RHW: 5. an end-blown flute having a fipple mouthpiece, eight finger holes, and a soft, mellow tone. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'recorder' in WordNet: 4. fipple flute, fipple pipe, recorder, vertical flute - (a woodwind with a vertical pipe and 8 finger holes and a whistle mouthpiece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalHollowObject, :WoodwindInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FingerHole ; owl:maxCardinality "8"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "8"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ] . :Recording :ldoce "record" ; :wnsense "record1n", "recording3n" ; :wordnet "record", "recording" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Recording' is a PhysicalObject created by a InformationRecordingDevice (of any type), that contains a representation of some 'Record' (which is an abstract sequence of symbols representing the sequence of changes in an Event. NOTE that an 'InformationRecordingDevice' is an artifact, therefore the brain, which can record information is not an instance, and the information in the brain is not a 'Recording'. A hand transcription of speech is not a Recording. NOTE: one may distinguish an original recording from an InformationRecordingDevice from copies of that original recording,but at this point (rev827) COSMO does not make that distinction. Therefore every copy of a phonograph record, audio tape, photographic image, whether original or reproduced by some accurate reproduction process, is an instance of this type. For the act of 'recording something' use InformationRecordingEvent. @ToDo: NOTE that the restriction 'isCreatedByDeviceType' 'InformationRecordingDevice', if applicable to copies, would imply that a copying device is an 'InformationRecordingDevice'. This is not quite the intended meaning (though it is not unreasonable), and copies may need to be represented separately from originals. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'record' in WordNet (the part that is a record created by a device, not by hand): in WordNet: 1. (238) record - (anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events; 'the film provided a valuable record of stage techniques') WN noun 'recording': 3. recording - (a storage device on which information (sounds or images) have been recorded) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :InformationBearingObject, :PhysicalEvidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Record ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationRecordingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationRecordingDevice ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationStorageMediumObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recorded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Recouping :wnsense "recoup2v", "recover4v", "recuperate1v" ; :wordnet "recoup", "recover", "recuperate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Recouping'' is a ''Regaining'' of something valuable that was lost by some pror Event. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'recoup' in WordNet: 2. recover, recoup, recuperate - (regain or make up for; 'recuperate one's losses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Regaining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorseningEvent ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRestoredObject ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Recourse :wnsense "recourse1n", "recourse2n", "refuge2n", "refuge4n", "resort3n", "resort4n" ; :wordnet "recourse", "refuge", "resort" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Recourse'' is an 'AlternativeAction' that a Person performs to achieve a Goal after other attempts to achieve that end have failed. part of WN 'recourse seems to fit this meaning. NOTE: the two verb senses of 'recourse' in WordNet have glosses indicating that a'recourse' is a object (e.g. person) but the examples include actions : this type is an ''Action'' performed when another action has failed or seems likely to fail in WordNet: 1. (2) recourse, resort, refuge - (act of turning to for assistance; 'have recourse to the courts'; 'an appeal to his uncle was his last resort') 2. recourse, refuge, resort - (something or someone turned to for assistance or security; 'his only recourse was the police'; 'took refuge in lying') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlternativeAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedAsanAlternativeTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :Recovered :guid "9a211eda-7f2f-41d7-8f6c-98473708b96f" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :HealingEvent ; :wnsense "cured1adj", "healed1adj", "recovered1adj" ; :wordnet "cured", "healed", "recovered" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Recovered'' is the attribute of an Animal or part of an animal who experienced an ''AilmentCondition'' followed by a ''HealingEvent''. NOTE: in CYC 'recovered' is a state; in COSMO it is an attribute. The 'recovered state' could be represented if it is needed. CYC: The state of having recovered from some type of ailment. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recovered' in Wordnet: 1. cured, healed, recovered - (freed from illness or injury; 'the patient appears cured'; 'the incision is healed'; 'appears to be entirely recovered'; 'when the recovered patient tries to remember what occurred during his delirium'- Normon Cameron) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Recovering :wnsense "recover1v", "recover2v", "recovery1n", "regain1v", "retrieve1v" ; :wordnet "recover", "recovery", "regain", "retrieve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Recovering'' includes any kind of ''Regaining'' Event, whether natural or an intentional action, that reverses the effect of some Event of '''WorseningEvent''. For 'gaining back' something that islost, use ''Regaining''. A partial recovery of a loss or worsening is still a ''Recovering'', and in that case it 'reversesTheEffectOf' whatever part of the worsening that is reversed. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'recover' and noun sense 1 and 2 of 'recovery' in WordNet: 1. (9) recover, retrieve, find, regain - (get or find back; recover the use of; 'She regained control of herself'; 'She found her voice and replied quickly') 2. (4) recuperate, recover, convalesce - (get over an illness or shock; 'The patient is recuperating') WN noun 'recovery': 1. (3) recovery - (return to an original state; 'the recovery of the forest after the fire was surprisingly rapid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :Regaining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorseningEvent ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorseningEvent ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFollows ] . :Recreational :pertainsTo :RecreationalActivity, :RecreationalArea, :RecreationalFacility, :RecreationalObject ; :wnsense "recreational1adj" ; :wordnet "recreational" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recreational' in Wordnet: 1. (1) recreational - (of or relating to recreation; 'a recreational area with a pool and ball fields') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RecreationalActivity :SUMO "RecreationOrExercise" ; :guid "bd58e0ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "activity" ; :wnsense "diversion1n", "recreation1n", "recreation2n", "refreshment2n" ; :wordnet "diversion", "recreation", "refreshment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subtype of characteristically human actions that are performed out of interest or for pleasure or mild amusement - Cyc: The collection of all events which animals (especially humans) do for enjoyment. This is not necessarily an athletic activity. (See 'Swinging'). Altough this is a 'characteristically' human Action, it is possible that some animals may perform analogous actions in some cases (i.e. 'for enjoyment') Corresponds to sense 1 of 'activity' in Longman: 'something that you do because you enjoy it'. In SUMO, 'RecreationOrExercise' is slightly broader, including exercise: SUMO: A Process that is carried out for the purpose of recreation or exercise. Since RecreationOrExercise is a subclass of IntentionalProcess, the intent of a process determines whether or not it is an instance of the class. Hence, if John and Bill watch the same program on television, and John watches it to relax while Bill watches it solely to satisfy an educational requirement, then John's watching the movie is an instance of RecreationOrExercise, while Bill's is not (both cases of watching the television program would however be in the class of Seeing, since being an instance of this latter class is not determined by intention). Includes sense 1 and sense 2 of 'recreation' in WordNet; the part of sense 2 meaning 'relaxing', i.e. sitting or lying down while awake, perhaps reading, but not performing mental or physically strenuous actions, is represented by the subtype 'Resting-RelaxingEvent'. in WordNet: 1. (23) diversion, recreation - (an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates; 'scuba diving is provided as a diversion for tourists'; 'for recreation he wrote poetry and solved crossword puzzles'; 'drug abuse is often regarded as a form of recreation') 2. refreshment, recreation - (activity that refreshes and recreates; activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation; 'time for rest and refreshment by the pool'; 'days of joyous recreation with his friends') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :RecreationalArea a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RecreationalArea is a RecreationalFacility (a PhysicalObject) that is a LandArea that is designated for or was created for recreational use. These are the PhysicalObjects occupying an """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandArea, :RecreationalFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OutdoorRecreationArea ] . :RecreationalFacility a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RecreationalFacility is a PhysicalObject .that is an Artifact that is designated for or was created for recreational use. NOTE that a RecreationalFacility (such as a national park) can be largely natural and still be an 'Artifact' by virtue of its being marked off and adapted for recreational use. @ToDo: this needs further analysis - how natural things can become 'artifacts'""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic . :RecreationalObject :wnsense "plaything" ; :wordnet "plaything" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RecreationalObject' is a human-scale Object used for some 'RecreationalActivity'; this is distinct from a 'RecreationalFacility', and may be used in some 'Game', The subtypes ''Plaything''and ''Toy'' are used for ''Playing'', This type includes Sports equipment but for facilities - for that see parent 'EntertainmentDevice'.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device, :EntertainmentDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :RecreationalActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RecreationalActivity ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :RecreationalVehicle :guid "c1008cfa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "R.V.1n", "RV1n", "recreational vehicle1n" ; :wordnet "R.V.", "RV", "recreational vehicle" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RecreationalVehicle'' (RV) is typically larger than a minivan,but may be only a little larger, oan be almost as long as a moving van. CYC: Large, van-shaped vehicles intended for camping or overnight travelling, and equipped with built-in furniture (seating, table, bunks), kitchen, and sanitary facilities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recreational vehicle' in WordNet: 1. recreational vehicle, RV, R.V. - (a motorized wheeled vehicle used for camping or other recreational activities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :RoadVehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ] . :Recruit :wnsense "enlistee1n", "military recruit1n", "recruit1n", "recruit2n" ; :wordnet "enlistee", "military recruit", "recruit" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for military recruits. Civilian new employees are represented by ''NewHire''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'recruit' in WordNet: 1. (2) recruit, military recruit - (a recently enlisted soldier) 2. (2) recruit, enlistee - (any new member or supporter (as in the armed forces)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnlistedPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnlistingInTheMilitary ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :Recruiter :wnsense "recruiter1n" ; :wordnet "recruiter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type of ''Recruiter'' does not necessarily belong to the Organization for whom s/he recruits. A ''Recruiter'' attempts to provide members or employees, but does not always succeed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recruiter' in WordNet: 1. recruiter - (someone who supplies members or employees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :ServiceProvider, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RecruitingActivity ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :RecruitingActivity :en "recruiting" ; :guid "b4eec0d8-1b3e-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; :wnsense "recruit2v" ; :wordnet "recruit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all actions in which an #$IntelligentAgent attempts to persuade one or more #$IntelligentAgents to join an #$Organization or take part in an activity directed by some #$Organization. For non-military someone recruited might be referred to as a 'new hire' - also 'recruit?? (not in WN for civilians) Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'recruit' in WordNet: 2. (3) recruit - (seek to employ; 'The lab director recruited an able crew of assistants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recruitment ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :RecruitingUnionMembers :wnsense "unionise1v", "unionize1v" ; :wordnet "unionise", "unionize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''RecruitingUnionMembers'' is an ''Enrolling'' Action performed by a ''UnionOrganizer''. This occurs before the formation of a Union, so the person enrolled in this action becomes a 'vote' for the act of unionizing a group or business, but does not automatically become a Union member. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unionize' in WordNet: 1. unionize, unionise - (recruit for a union or organize into a union; 'We don't allow people to come into our plant and try to unionize the workers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enrolling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unionizing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnionOrganizer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Recruitment :wnsense "enlisting1n", "recruitment1n" ; :wordnet "enlisting", "recruitment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Recruitment'' is a ''SuccessfulAction'' including effort to convince people to join a Group or Organization (''RecruitingActivity'' - an ''AttemptingActivity'') plus the resulting ''JoiningAnOrganization'' (a Hiring or Enlistment or Joining a cause). Thus someone getting a job in prvate enterprise or entering the military may *not* be the result of a ''Recruitment'' activity. That will be included in ''JoiningAnOrganization'' but will not be the result of a ''RecruitingActivity''. This conforms to the WN sense which is a subtype of ''accomplishement', a ''SuccessfulAction'' attempting to **and succeeding to** convince a Person to take a job or enter the military. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recruitment' in WordNet: 1. (6) recruitment, enlisting - (the act of getting recruits; enlisting people for the army (or for a job or a cause etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SuccessfulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RecruitingActivity ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :JoiningAnOrganization ] . :Rectangle :guid "bd58d497-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rectangle1n" ; :wordnet "rectangle" ; a :ObjectType, :TwoDimensionalShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Parallelogram and #$EquiangularPolygon. This is the collection of all rectangular objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. SUMO: Any Quadrilateral whose angles are all RightAngles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rectangle' in Wordnet: 1. (3) rectangle - (a parallelogram with four right angles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquiangularPolygon, :Parallelogram, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasNumberOfSides ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectangular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Rectangular :wnsense "rectangular1adj" ; :wordnet "rectangular" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Rectangular' is the property of a two-dimensional object that has four sides and four corners, the corners of which are at right angles - i.e. the shape of a Rectangle. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'rectangular' in WordNet: 1. (3) rectangular - (having four right angles; 'a rectangular figure twice as long as it is wide') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angular . :RectangularParallelepiped :guid "c0fb9af6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "block" ; :wnsense "block3n" ; :wordnet "block" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Parallelepiped (q.v.). Each instance of #$RectangularParallelepiped is a three-dimensional object each of whose six faces is a #$Rectangle. Examples include certain spatially-localized objects (e.g a matchbox) as well as abstract rectangular parallelipipeds. Specializations of this collection include #$Cube, #$Block, and #$Beam. This is not a PhysicalObject - for a block-shaped physical object, use 'Block' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'block' in WordNet: 3. (1) block, cube - (a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parallelepiped, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepipedLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :RectangularParallelepipedLike a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RectangularParallelepipedLike' is the property of a three-dimensional object that is shaped like a 'RectangularParallelepiped', having ends of two equal rectangular faces, connecting by straight lines at the corners - like a typical piece of construction lumber, or toy block. The ShapeType 'Cubic' is a subtype. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polyhedral . :RectangularPictureFrame :guid "bd588dac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "picture frame1n" ; :wordnet "picture frame" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The kind of rectangular planar frame used to hold a picture, mirror, or important document such as a college degree or testimonial. For an oval picture frame use the parent ''PictureFrame''. Cyc (called 'FrameForPictureOrMirror'): An open border or case for enclosing a picture, mirror, etc.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'picture frame' in WordNet: 1. (1) picture frame - (a framework in which a picture is mounted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PictureFrame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectangular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectangle ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :RectangularPoints a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RectangularPoints' is a Group of four 'SpacePoint's that have a specific spatial relation to each other, in any number of dimensions. The Group itself does not have an element to represent the relations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PatternOfPoints, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CARD_4 ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinality ] . :RectilinearShaking a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ReciprocatingMotion' is a ShakingMotion in which a PhysicalObject moves back and forth in a linear path (as contrasted with rotation back and forth) . This is also called 'reciprocating' motion, but the WordNet seems to include non-rectiliear motions in the term 'reciprocate'. This type of 'ShakingMotion' *excludes* wrist-action shaking, in which an object is rotated in alternating directions about an axis of rotation, and excludes swirling motion, in which the bottom part of an object moves in a circular path while the top part stays approximately in the same place. A rapid 'RectilinearShaking' that does not move very far in either direction is represented as the subtype 'Vibration'. The sense of 'rectilinear' here is sense 4 in RHW: 4. moving in a straight line. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReciprocatingMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightPath ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Rectum :guid "bd58da53-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rectum1n" ; :wordnet "rectum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The end of the large intestine where feces collects before defecating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rectum' in WordNet: 1. rectum - (the terminal section of the alimentary canal; from the sigmoid flexure to the anus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :AnimalBodyPart, :Intestine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anus ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlimentaryCanal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Recurrence :en "recurring", "repeating" ; :ldoce "repeat" ; :wnsense "recur1v", "recurrence1n", "repeat1n", "repeat3v", "repetition1n" ; :wordnet "recur", "recurrence", "repeat", "repetition" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Recurrence' is an Event of a type that has occurred previously. This type has to be distinguished from just any Event in the same category as another Event; it is not true that all instances of an event type other than the first is a 'Recurrence'; there has to be some commonality in addition to the type that makes an Event a Recurrence of another Event. One criterion would be an Event that has some of the same participants as a previous Event (a recurrence of an illness in a person); another criterion would be an Event happening in the same place as a previous Event of that type (a recurrence of auto accidents at a particular intersection; a recurrence of flooding in a particular river); another criterion would be an Event of a type that occurs at more or less regular intervals over some period of time (a recurrence of locust infestations). NOTE: for a recurrence of some action by an agent, use the more specific 'Repeating'. NOTE that the ''impliesPriorEventType'' relation will point to the EventType that is the same as that of the Event that has recurred. See also related: ''RepeatedEventType'' for EventTypes that by convention repeat at certain time intervals.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recurrence' and verb sense 1 of 'recur' and verb sense 3 of 'repeat' in WordNet: 1. (1) recurrence, return - (happening again (especially at regular intervals); 'the return of spring') WN verb 'recur' 1. (5) recur, repeat - (happen or occur again; 'This is a recurring story') WN noun 'repeat' 1. (2) repeat, repetition - (an event that repeats; 'the events today were a repeat of yesterday's') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :Recurring :en "repeating" ; :wnsense "recurring1adj" ; :wordnet "recurring" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Recurring'' is a qualitative attribute of something that 'repeats' or 'recurs' (happens or is present more than once). Something that is ''Recurring'' may happen twice or many more than two times, and the number of repetitions is suggested in subtypes of this type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'recurring' in WordNet: 1. recurring, revenant - (coming back; 'a revenant ghost') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RecurringAction a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RecurringAction'' is a type of ''Action'' that recurs over some interval of time, not necessarily regular. Regular periodic meetings of groups are one example. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action . :RecurringActionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """RecurringActionType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction for ''RecurringAction''s and its subtypes . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :RecurringTimeInterval a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each recurringTimeInterval is one of a group of TimeIntervals that occur in sequence, separated from each other by other time intervals, satisfying some criterion for the interval of separation. The most common are days of the week, such as 'Sunday' or 'Monday', specifying those days that are labeled as Sunday or Monday. Months also have names that specify recurring intervals, and so do Holidays and specific calendar dates such as 'January 1'. Some recurring time intervals move around on the calendar, such as movable holidays. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval . :RecurringTimePoint :en "recurring time point" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RecurringTimePoint'' is a ''RecurringTimeInterval'' of zero length. This can be used to refer to a ''TimeOfDay'' that is a ''Timepoint''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimePoint . :Recyclable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Recycling ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Recycling ; :wnsense "recyclable1adj" ; :wordnet "recyclable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of things that can be reused by reprocessing, rather than by being used again as is. For the sense of being 'reusable' as in mult-use items (durable goods), use. Corresponds to the 'recyclable' part of adjective sense 1 of 'reusable' in WordNet: 1. reclaimable, recyclable, reusable - (capable of being used again) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reusable . :Recycled :en "recycled" ; :enadj "recycled" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Recycling ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ There is no entry in WN or RHW for 'recycled'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Recycling :en "recycling", "reprocessing", "reusing" ; :wnsense "recycle2v", "reprocess1v", "reuse1v" ; :wordnet "recycle", "reprocess", "reuse" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Recycling'' is a ''ProcessingSomething'' in which some material that had been used (or discarded?) is subjected to a ''PhysicalTransformationEvent'' to make it more useful, perhaps for the original purpose of the material that is repreoceesed. This includes 'recycling' in its common sense. The patient can be an Object or a Substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reprocess' in WordNet: 1. recycle, reprocess, reuse - (use again after processing; 'We must recycle the cardboard boxes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ] . :Red :guid "d0bfe42e-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "red" ; :wnsense "red1adj" ; :wordnet "red" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of having a color sufficiently close to a pure red to be called 'red' rather than some variant such as 'maroon' or 'purple' or 'rose'. Still provides a wide range of actual colors. NOTE: the broad WN synset is broken into different subtypes in COSMO each using the same synset as a label. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'red' in WordNet: 1. (43) red, reddish, ruddy, blood-red, carmine, cerise, cherry, cherry-red, crimson, ruby, ruby-red, scarlet - (of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reddish . :Red-HairColor :en "red" ; a :HairColorType, :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color of human hair that is considered ''Red'' - ranging from light red to orange. No obvious WN entry """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairColorValue, :Reddish . :RedAndWhiteStriped :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Stripes ; :isTheOppositeOf :SolidColored ; :wnsense "striped1adj" ; :wordnet "striped" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of a surface (usually a human face) that has alternating ''Stripes'' of ''Red'' and ''White''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'striped' in Wordnet: 1. (1) striped, stripy - (marked or decorated with stripes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Striped, :Variegated . :RedBloodCell :guid "bf9ee38c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "RBC1n", "erythrocyte1n", "red blood cell1n" ; :wordnet "RBC", "erythrocyte", "red blood cell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: BloodCells that contain hemoglobin, lack a CellNucleus (in humans), and carry Oxygen to the tissues of the body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'red blood cell' in WordNet: 1. (5) red blood cell, RBC, erythrocyte - (a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodCell . :RedHair a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: some quantity of hair colored ''Red-HairColor'' - at least on the head, and perhaps on other body parts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColoredThing, :HairOnHead-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Red-HairColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :RedHot :en "fiery hot", "red hot" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :GlowingHotObject ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Hot ; :wnsense "red-hot1adj" ; :wordnet "red-hot" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RedHot'' is an intense level of ''Hot'' causing or sufficient to cause emision of red light, that generally is produced only by heating, in a fire or being on fire or by some other process. Objects that hot might cause objects like paper to catch fire if touched. This is typically applied to metallic objects like 'a red-hot poker'. The subtype ''Burning'' is used to characterize things currently on fire. Such objects may give off ''Incandescence''. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'red hot' in WordNet: 4. red-hot - (glowing red with heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hot . :RedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A PhysicalObject that is red." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Red ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :RedSox :isaCompetitorOf :NewYorkYankees ; :wasaCompetitorInCompetition :BaseballGame, :TheSeventhGameOfThe2004WorldSeriesALPlayoff ; :wasaContestantInCompetition :TheSeventhGameOfThe2004WorldSeriesALPlayoff ; a :SportsTeam . :RedSubstance a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A PhysicalSubstance that is red." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Red ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :RedWine :guid "bd58ea88-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "red wine1n" ; :wordnet "red wine" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'red wine' in WordNet: 1. red wine - (wine having a red color derived from skins of dark-colored grapes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reddish ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :Reddened :isAnAttributeValueOf :AnimalBodyPart ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Reddening ; :wnsense "crimson3adj", "flushed2adj", "red-faced1adj", "red3adj", "reddened1adj" ; :wordnet "crimson", "flushed", "red", "red-faced", "reddened" ; a :PastParticipleType, :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes bloodshot eyes, so is not just for skin,and not necessarily uniformly ''Reddish''. Tis can be due to any reason, including emotional events such as embarrassment. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reddened' in Wordnet: 1. crimson, red, reddened, red-faced, flushed - ((especially of the face) reddened or suffused with or as if with blood from emotion or exertion; 'crimson with fury'; 'turned red from exertion'; 'with puffy reddened eyes'; 'red-faced and violent'; 'flushed (or crimson) with embarrassment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Reddish . :Reddening :wnsense "crimson1v", "flush1v", "redden1v", "redden3v" ; :wordnet "crimson", "flush", "redden" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reddening''is an Action performed by some BodyPart of some Animal in which the Bodypart becomes ''Reddish'' This is an intransitive Action and the sole Agent is the thing that becomes ''Reddish'' (some shade of red). Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'redden' in WordNet: 1. (1) blush, crimson, flush, redden - (turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame; 'The girl blushed when a young man whistled as she walked by') 3. redden - (turn red or redder; 'The sky reddened') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reddish ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Reddish :guid "f81d90d8-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "reddish1adj" ; :wordnet "reddish" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$RedColor. COSMO note: the type ''reddish' is used as the parent type for various AttrributeValues that have some significant tinge or 'red' in them. NOTE: the broad WN synset is broken into different subtypes in COSMO each using the same synset as a label. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reddish' in Wordnet: 1. red, reddish, ruddy, blood-red, carmine, cerise, cherry, cherry-red, crimson, ruby, ruby-red, scarlet - (of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :ReddishAttributeType :en "reddish attribute type" ; :enn "reddish attribute type" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReddishAttributeType'' is a ''ColorAttributeType'' each instance of which is a subclass of ''Reddish'', being any color with some perceptible tinge of ''Red'' in it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttributeType . :ReddishBlack-Color :guid "86a3e2f4-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Black . :ReddishColor :en "reddish color attribute" ; :enn "reddish color attribute" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReddishColor'' is the AttributeType that takes values of ''ColorAttribute''s that have some degree of ''Red'' in them. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChromaticColor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReddishAttributeType ] . :RedeemingaVoucher :wnsense "redeem3v" ; :wordnet "redeem" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RedeemingaVoucher''is the Action of giving to some vendor a 'voucher' or 'coupon' or (over the internet or telephone) a number that allows one to get a Product for a lower than usual price, or even for free. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'redeem' in WordNet: 3. redeem - (to turn in (vouchers or coupons) and receive something in exchange) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exchange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coupon ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coupon ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :RedefiningaWord :wnsense "redefine2v" ; :wordnet "redefine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RedefiningaWord'' is a ''DefiningaWord'' that replaces a previous ''Definition''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'redefine' in WordNet: 2. redefine - (give a new or different definition of (a word)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DefiningaWord, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Redefinition ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DefiningaWord ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Redefinition :en "redefinition" ; :enn "redefinition" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Redefinition'' is a ''Definition'' that replaces a prior ''''Definition''. redefinition """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Definition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :RedefiningaWord ] . :Redesign :en "redesign" ; :enn "redesign" ; a :GroupType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Redesign'' is a ''Design'' that is created to replace a previous ''Design'', expected to be an improvement on the original. No WN or RHW sense for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Design, :Substitute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Redesigning ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Improved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Redesigning :wnsense "redesign1v" ; :wordnet "redesign" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Redesigning'' is a ''DesigningEvent'' that follows a prior ''DesigningEvent'' and results in a new ''Design'' for the same thing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'redesign' in WordNet: 1. redesign - (design anew, make a new design for) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesigningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Redesign ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Improvement ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :Redhead :en "red-head" ; :enn "red-head" ; :wnsense "carrottop1n", "red-header1n", "redhead1n", "redheader1n" ; :wordnet "carrottop", "red-header", "redhead", "redheader" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Redhead'' is a ''Person'' having ''HeadHair'' with a ''Red-HairColor'' color. Most commonly used of women. \" Why is a girl with a bright red mop, As you have often seen, Given the name of 'carrottop' When carrot tops are green? \" - Anonymous NOTE: at this point not restricted to naturally RedHeaded people - perhaps needs a subtype? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'redhead' in WordNet: 1. redhead, redheader, red-header, carrottop - (someone who has red hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RedHair ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Redirecting :wnsense "airt1v", "redirect1v" ; :wordnet "airt", "redirect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Redirecting'' is the action of changing the metaphorical 'direction' of something abstract such as one's attention or the focus of ones activities to some 'direction' (goal) other than what was the direction up to the time of ''Redirecting''. This is transitive, but the object could be oneself or another Person,as when a magician 'misdirects' the audience's attention away from his/her maneuvers. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'redirect' in WordNet: 1. (1) redirect, airt - (channel into a new direction; 'redirect your attention to the danger from the fundamentalists') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirection, :GeneralizedTransfer, :SendingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alibi ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ] . :Rediscovering :reversesTheEffectOf :LosingAPhysicalObject ; :wnsense "rediscover1v" ; :wordnet "rediscover" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rediscovering'' can be an Action that finds a PhysicalObject or information after it had previously been 'discovered' or lost in some manner. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rediscover' in WordNet: 1. (2) rediscover - (discover again; 'I rediscovered the books that I enjoyed as a child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscoveryEvent, :LocatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :DiscoveryEvent ] . :Redneck :wnsense "cracker2n", "redneck1n" ; :wordnet "cracker", "redneck" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'redneck' in WordNet: 1. redneck, cracker - (a poor white person in the southern United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rustic . :Redness :en "redness" ; :enn "redness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ redness """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Red ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :RedoingSomething :en "doing something again", "doing something anew" ; :wnsense "make over2v", "redo1v" ; :wordnet "make over", "redo" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RedoingSomething'' is an Action that is in part a repetition of a very similar Action previously performed, though not necessarily by the same Agent. If a different agent performs the Action, then the Object acted on (the 'patient') or a significant part of that patient is the same as in the previous Action. This can be used for repeating actions of the same type, or for renovating, updating, or modifying some Object. Includes a part of WN verb 'redo': 1. (2) remake, refashion, redo, make over - (make new; 'She is remaking her image') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :ReducingBrightness :en "reducing brightness" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReducingBrightness'' is an Action that causes some undesirable level of ''Brightness' to be reduced. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LoweringaValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brightness ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :ReducingIntensity :en "reducing intensity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReducingIntensity'' is a ''ChangingIntensity'' in which the intensity of some of measurable magnitude is decreased. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingIntensity, :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intensity ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :ReducingPerceivedGlare :en "reducing glare" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReducingPerceivedGlare'' is an Action that causes some undesirable level of ''Glare' to be reduced. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LoweringaValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PerceivedGlare ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :ReducingTheTerminalVelocity :en "break the fall", "breaking the fall", "reduce the terminal velocity", "reducing the terminal velocity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ReducingTheTerminalVelocity'' is a 'Reduction' Action on a ''FallingObject'' in which the ''TerminalVelocity'' of the Object is reduced. This can be accomplished by increasing the horizontal cross-section, as is done by spreading the arms and legs by a Person doing Sky-Diving, or by opening a parachute (''DeployingaParachute''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TerminalVelocity ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FallingObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :ReducingaLinearDimension a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReducingaLinearDimension''is a ''Reduction'' in which some one or two of the linear measures of a PhysicalObject become smaller without changing the total mass or total volume of the Object. This is done,for example, when steel ingots are rolled into sheets or when a rod (e.g. of steel or copper) is drawn into a smaller rod or a wire. This includes both transitive and intransitive ('having a linear dimension reduced') senses. The subtypes will be more specific. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :MalleableThingType ] . :Reduction :guid "c12223da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "decrease", "reduce", "reduction" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :IncreaseEvent ; :wnsense "decrease2n", "decrease2v", "decrease4n", "decrement2n", "diminution3n", "lessen2v", "minify1v", "reduce7v", "reduce9v", "reduction1n", "shrink3v", "step-down1n" ; :wordnet "decrease", "decrement", "diminution", "lessen", "minify", "reduce", "reduction", "shrink", "step-down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Reduction' is a 'DecreaseEvent' in which some agent acts intentionally (in a ''PurposefulAction'') to cause a decrease (in any quantity), even of the Reduction is a side-effect of the intended purpose, as in a ''Depletion'' of some supply or resource.. Linguistically this would be represented by a transitive verb phrase. If the agent causing some decrease is not identifiable at least as to type ('some person') then the more general 'DecreaseEvent' should be used. Corresponds to noun sense 4 and verb sense 2 'decrease' and noun sense 1 of 'reduction' and verb senses 7, and 9 of 'reduce' in WordNet: WN noun 'decrease': 4. decrease, diminution, reduction, step-down - (the act of decreasing or reducing something) WN verb 'decrease' 2. (3) decrease, lessen, minify - (make smaller; 'He decreased his staff') WN verb 'reduce' 7. (2) shrink, reduce - (reduce in size; reduce physically; 'Hot water will shrink the sweater'; 'Can you shrink this image?') 9. (1) reduce, scale down - (make smaller; 'reduce an image') WN noun 'decrease': 2. (1) decrease, decrement - (a process of becoming smaller or shorter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :ReductionInStatus :en "reducing status", "reducing the status of someone", "reduction of status" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''ReductionInStatus'' is a 'Reduction' in the social ''Status'' of some Person, for any reason, and for any aspect of ''Status''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Status ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :Redundant :isTheOppositeOf :Necessary ; :wnsense "redundant1adj" ; :wordnet "redundant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Redundant'' is the AttributeValue things (objects or Actions) that are unnecessary because they are already present (explicitly or implicitly) or have already been done. For example, an assertion made more than once in a discourse would be ''Redundant'' (unless it was explicitly reiterated to remind and discuss some nuance). NOTE: this is broader than the subattribute'repetitive' because it covers assertions that are logially implied as well as those that are exact repetitions. No exact match in WN or RHW. The closest RHW sense is: 'redundant' but RHW is apprently only for speech acts. This type is broader: RHW 'redundant': 1. characterized by verbosity or unnecessary repetition in expressing ideas; prolix: a redundant style. Corresponds to part (for things previously added or done) of adjective sense 2 of 'spare' in WordNet: 2. (1) excess, extra, redundant, spare, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, surplus - (more than is needed, desired, or required; 'trying to lose excess weight'; 'found some extra change lying on the dresser'; 'yet another book on heraldry might be thought redundant'; 'skills made redundant by technological advance'; 'sleeping in the spare room'; 'supernumerary ornamentation'; 'it was supererogatory of her to gloat'; 'delete superfluous (or unnecessary) words'; 'extra ribs as well as other supernumerary internal parts'; 'surplus cheese distributed to the needy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Unnecessary . :Redwood :wnsense "redwood1n" ; :wordnet "redwood" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance ''Redwood'',a type of ''Wood'', is derived from the ''RedwoodTree''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'redwood' in WordNet: 1. redwood - (the soft reddish wood of either of two species of sequoia trees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RedwoodTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :RedwoodTree :wnsense "redwood2n", "sequoia1n" ; :wordnet "redwood", "sequoia" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: the WN parent of 'redwood' sense 2, meaning the tree, is a subtype of a 'wood', not a tree. WN mistake is corrected here. The 'sequoias' of the Sequoia National Forest' and the Coast Redwoods should be differentiated. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'redwood' in WordNet: 2. sequoia, redwood - (either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConiferousTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Redwood ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tall ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Reed :guid "be00b3d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reed1n" ; :wordnet "reed" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reed' in WordNet: 1. reed - (tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GraminaceousPlant, :GrassFamily . :ReedWoodwindInstrument :guid "bde8a623-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "beating-reed instrument1n", "reed instrument1n", "reed5n" ; :wordnet "beating-reed instrument", "reed", "reed instrument" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all single or double reed #$WoodwindInstruments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reed instrument' in WordNet: 1. beating-reed instrument, reed instrument, reed - (a musical instrument that sounds by means of a vibrating reed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WoodwindInstrument . :Reef :guid "bd58d098-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reef1n" ; :wordnet "reef" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reef'' is a LandArea within an Ocean that may be completely under water or partly above water. The WN gloss suggests that it is submerged, but is not necssarily fully submerged. RHW: 1. a ridge of rocks or sand, often of coral debris, at or near the surface of the water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reef' in WordNet: 1. (1) reef - (a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalPlace, :LandTopographicalFeature, :OceanRidge . :ReelingSomethingOnOrOffaSpool :en "reel in" ; :env "reel in" ; :guid "c0a1d667-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reel3v" ; :wordnet "reel" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ReelingSomethingOntoaSpool'' is a 'WindingSomethingOntoaSpool' in which the winding motion is accomplished by an agent intentionally causing the axis of the spool to rotate, thus pulling the line onto the spool. CYC 'Reeling': The #$Collection of events spooling something onto or off of a reel or spool by the #$AxisConstrainedMultirevolutionRotation of that spool. Often when something is reeled off of one reel, it is reeled onto another one such that the amount of unreeled material remains about constant. The #$motionPathway-Complete traversed by points on the #$objectMoving follows along the #$objectMoving. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'reel' (winding *onto* the spool) in WordNet: 3. reel - (wind onto or off a reel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsRotation, :MultirevolutionRotation, :WindingSomethingOntoaSpool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PullingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spool ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :Reestablishing :en "re-establish" ; :env "re-establish" ; :wnsense "reestablish1v", "reinstate2v", "restore5v" ; :wordnet "reestablish", "reinstate", "restore" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Reestablishing'' is a ''Renewing'' of some 'PersistentState'' that was previously occurring, and stopped for some interval of time. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reestablish' in WordNet: 1. (1) restore, reinstate, reestablish - (bring back into original existence, use, function, or position; 'restore law and order'; 'reestablish peace in the region'; 'restore the emperor to the throne') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Renewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intermission ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFollows ] . :Reevaluating :wnsense "reassess1v", "reevaluate1v" ; :wordnet "reassess", "reevaluate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reevaluating'' is an 'Evaluating' that is performed to determine of a prior conclusion about a Topic may need to be modified. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reevaluate' in WordNet: 1. (1) reassess, reevaluate - (revise or renew one's assessment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaluating, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Evaluating ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Reasoning ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Reassessment ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChangingaBelief ] . :ReexpressingSomething :wnsense "express3v", "state3v" ; :wordnet "express", "state" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ReexpressingSomething' is a ''Rephrasing'' . that puts into different words or symbols some ideas that had be previously stated linguistically or symbolically, while adding something to the meaning or clarity. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'express' in WordNet: 3. (23) express, state - (indicate through a symbol, formula, etc.; 'Can you express this distance in kilometers?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingSomething, :LinguisticCommunication, :Rephrasing . :Referee :guid "bd590a72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ref1n", "referee1n" ; :wordnet "ref", "referee" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'referee' in WordNet: 1. (1) referee, ref - ((sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsJudge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Refereeing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Refereeing :wnsense "referee1v", "umpire1v" ; :wordnet "referee", "umpire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Refereeing'' is a ''JudgingaSportsEvent'' in any of several types of contest where there are rules whose violation may incur a penalty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'referee' in WordNet: 1. referee, umpire - (be a referee or umpire in a sports competition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JudgingaSportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Referee ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Reference :wnsense "mention1n", "reference1n" ; :wordnet "mention", "reference" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reference'' is a short ''Comment'' in a LinguisticAssertion that refers to something (anything) said or done or located elsewhere. This is a subtype of ''Mention'' but is shorter - often only a few words, part of a sentence, and is usually only an aside,peripherally related to the main topic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reference' in WordNet: 1. (9) mention, reference - (a remark that calls attention to something or someone; 'she made frequent mention of her promotion'; 'there was no mention of it'; 'the speaker made several references to his wife') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comment, :Mention, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticAssertion ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :ReferencePublication :wnsense "reference8n", "source3n" ; :wordnet "reference", "source" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReferencePublication'' is any part of a document that is published and available to the public and serves as a 'source' of some Information usable by the public.. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'reference' in WordNet: 8. reference, source - (a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to; 'he carried an armful of references back to his desk'; 'he spent hours looking for the source of that quotation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationStore, :PublishedMaterial . :ReferenceStandard :en "reference standard", "standard" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReferenceStandard'' is a PortableObject that has been carefully produced so as to conform as closely as possible to the authorized standard value of some measurable property. A ''ReferenceStandard'' is used to allow testng and adjustment of Devices that need to be accurately calibrated in order to perform their intended function. Some quantity of purified chemical substance could qualify, for example to calibrate thermometers at their melting point or other devices by their other known properties. No corresponding sense can be found in WordNet - RHW has two sense of 'standard' that appear to apply: Generic: 1. something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison; an approved model. Specific: 7. the authorized exemplar of a unit of weight or measure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :PortableObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CalibratingaDevice ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ReferenceWork :guid "bd58caa0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reference book1n", "reference work1n", "reference4n" ; :wordnet "reference", "reference book", "reference work" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TextualPCW. Each instance of #$ReferenceWork is a conceptual work providing a more or less non-speculative, fact-oriented , comprehensive description of some knowledge domain. NOTE: this can be a *part* of a larger work, such as the subtype ''Bibligraphy'' (often included as addenda to a larger work). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reference work' in WordNet: 1. reference book, reference, reference work, book of facts - (a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts; 'he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FactualText, :TextualPCW . :Referendum :wnsense "referendum1n" ; :wordnet "referendum" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """*If* a ''Referendum'' is approved, it becomes a piece of ''Legislation''. ListOfAlternatives Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'referendum' in WordNet: 1. (1) referendum - (a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecidingByVote, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Legislation ; owl:onProperty :mayProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PolicyProposal ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ] . :Referring :eng "referring" ; :wnsense "refer4v", "referral1n" ; :wordnet "refer", "referral" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Referring'' is a ''RecommendingEvent'' by one Profesional to a ''Person'' to consult another Professional specializing in dealing with certain topics. Most commonly used in medical and legal practice. NOTE: The WN 'referral' is ambiguous between the action of referring and the abstract communication. This type is for the action of referring. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'referral' and part of verb sense 4 of 'refer' in WordNet: 1. referral - (a recommendation to consult the (professional) person referred to; 'this patient is a referral from Dr. Bones') WN verb 'refer': 4. (6) refer - (send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision; 'refer a patient to a specialist'; 'refer a bill to a committee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecommendingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :ReferringForaDecision :eng "referring" ; :wnsense "refer4v", "referral1n" ; :wordnet "refer", "referral" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Referral'' is a ''Forwarding'' by on Profesional Corresponds to part of verb (not sending a Person) sense 4 of 'refer' in WordNet: 4. (6) refer - (send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision; 'refer a patient to a specialist'; 'refer a bill to a committee') WN noun 'referral': 2. referral - (the act of referring (as forwarding an applicant for employment or referring a matter to an appropriate agency)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forwarding . :RefillingaContainer :wnsense "fill again1v", "refill1v" ; :wordnet "fill again", "refill" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RefillingaContainer'' is a ''ReplenishingaSupply'' Action in which an Agent adds back some quantity of material that fits into a physical ''Container'' of some kind, to make it ''Full' or nearly ''Full' (does not have to be overflowing). NOTE: WN gloss includes 'replenish' and 'refill' but this type is for the complete refilling of a ''Container''. For a 'replenishing' action that does not fill a container, use parent ''ReplenishingaSupply'' NOTE that the ''Container''' is a ''PhysicalObject'' - an abstract 'GenericContainer'' may not be fillable, so this is restricted to physical ''Container''s of finite holding capacity. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'refill' in WordNet: 1. (1) replenish, refill, fill again - (fill something that had previously been emptied; 'refill my glass, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReplenishingaSupply, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Container ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Full ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Refined :isTheOppositeOf :Vulgar ; :wnsense "refined1adj" ; :wordnet "refined" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Refined'' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who is ''Polite'' and also shows good taste and cultivation, avoiding crude or offensive actions. For things that a ''Refined'' Person might do see ''Tasteful''. This is similar to ''Decent'' but it includes behavior that is concerned about the person performing the act, not just about others. For a level of ''Polite'' that focuses on being inoffensive to others, use ''Decent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'refined' in WordNet: 1. (2) refined - ((used of persons and their behavior) cultivated and genteel; 'she was delicate and refined and unused to hardship'; 'refined people with refined taste') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polite . :Refined-Purified :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Refining ; :wnsense "processed2adj", "purified1adj", "refined2adj", "refined4adj", "sublimate1adj" ; :wordnet "processed", "purified", "refined", "sublimate" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Refined-Purified'' is a subattribute of ''Processed'' applied to something that has has been subjected to a ''ProcessingSomething'' Action. Food, substances, information. NOTE that ''refined'' in WN sense 4 .may be intended to represent a final stage of refinement. There does not appear to be sufficient distinction for linguistic analsis and Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 (no obvious difference) of 'refined' in WordNet: 2. (1) refined, processed - (freed from impurities by processing; 'refined sugar'; 'refined oil'; 'to gild refined gold' - Shakespeare) 4. purified, refined, sublimate - (made pure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Processed . :RefinedLady :ldoce "lady" ; :wnsense "dame2n", "gentlewoman1n", "lady2n", "madam1n" ; :wordnet "dame", "gentlewoman", "lady", "madam" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RefinedLady' is a 'Lady' whose public behavior is generally polite, courteous, and considerate of others. Tnis is especially applied to women whose refinement is admired by others. This is the 'lady' referenced in the adjective 'ladylike'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'lady' in WordNet: 2. (3) dame, madam, ma'am, lady, gentlewoman - (a woman of refinement; 'a chauffeur opened the door of the limousine for the grand lady') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lady, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Refined ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Refinery :wnsense "refinery1n" ; :wordnet "refinery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Refinery'' is a ''ManufacturingFacility'' where substances are extracted or purified. crude oil Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refinery' in WordNet: 1. refinery - (an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturingFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Refining ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ] . :Refining :guid "bd58f96a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "refine3v" ; :wordnet "refine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Refining';is to purify some natural material, such as ore or petroleum or sugar cane, to extract the desired substance(s) in some level of purity that qualifies as 'refined'. CYC: A specialization of #$SeparationEvent. Each instance of #$Refining is an event in which some stuff is transformed from an impure or crude state into a fine or pure state. Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'refine' in WordNet: 3. refine - (treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; 'refine paper stock'; 'refine pig iron'; 'refine oil') 4. refine, rectify - (reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities; 'refine sugar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessingSomething, :Purifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Ore :Petroleum :SugarCane :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :RefiningAnAction :wnsense "fine-tune1v", "polish2v", "refine1v" ; :wordnet "fine-tune", "polish", "refine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RefiningAnAction'' is an ''ImproventEvent'' performed by a Person or GroupOfPeople that causes an Action or ability that is ''Skilled'' to become even more effective and closer to perfection. This can be achieved by practicing and changing the procedure for the Action so as to achieve better results. This can be applied to refining a ''Skill'. NOTE: 'down' is not in RHW in this sense: left out of labels to avoid confusion. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'refine' in WordNet: 1. (2) polish, refine, fine-tune, down - (improve or perfect by pruning or polishing; 'refine one's style of writing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :LearningHowToDoSomething, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skill ; owl:onProperty :improves ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Practicing ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :RefiningOil :wnsense "refine3v" ; :wordnet "refine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RefiningOil';is to purify ''Petroleum'' (crude oil) to extract the desired more usable substance(s) primarily by distillation with other associated procsses. . Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'refine' in WordNet: 3. refine - (treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; 'refine paper stock'; 'refine pig iron'; 'refine oil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :PetroleumProductType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :RefiningOre :wnsense "refine3v" ; :wordnet "refine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RefiningOre';is to purify ores to extract the desired substance(s). Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'refine' in WordNet: 3. refine - (treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; 'refine paper stock'; 'refine pig iron'; 'refine oil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :Refinishing :guid "bd58a17b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "refinish1v" ; :wordnet "refinish" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Refinishing''is a ''FinishingAnArtifactSurface'' on an Object whose surface had already been finshed in a prior ''FinishingAnArtifactSurface'' action.r NOTE: this includes but is broader than CYC 'Refinishing', including actions that may smoothen or roughen or otherwise change the surface appearance without applying a ''FinishingSubstance''. CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Refinishing event, some type of coating or finish is removed from the surface of an object in order to replace it with a new coating (of possibly a different type). Thus, a #$Refinishing will have some sub-events in which the old finish is removed and some later sub-events in which the new finish is added. The #$objectOfStateChange in a #$Refinishing may be a car, a doorframe, one of your fingernails, etc., but in general must be in a #$Solid-StateOfMatter. Note that an event such as stripping the wood away from a doorframe, though prepatory to refinishing that doorframe, is not in and of itself an element of #$Refinishing; it is just one of the #$subEvents of a #$Refinishing event. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'refinish' in WordNet: 1. refinish - (give a new surface; 'refinish the dining room furniture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinishingAnArtifactSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ] . :Reflectance :guid "db3f5bee-74ad-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "coefficient of reflection1n", "reflectance1n", "reflection factor1n", "reflectivity1n" ; :wordnet "coefficient of reflection", "reflectance", "reflection factor", "reflectivity" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Reflectance is a collection of collections. Each instance is a collection of things with a particular degree of reflectance. COSMO note: The type of radiation reflected will depend on the context: for visible light, a mirror is the prototype of something with high reflectance; some polished metals will also have that property. For radar, some objects will have high reflectance, but a stealth bomber will have low reflectance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reflectance' in WordNet: 1. (1) coefficient of reflection, reflection factor, reflectance, reflectivity - (the fraction of radiant energy that is reflected from a surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Reflecting :eng "reflecting" ; :wnsense "reflect2v", "reflect4v", "reflection2n" ; :wordnet "reflect", "reflection" ; a :CapabilityType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reflecting'' is a type of ''ChangingaLightPath'' that is als a ''Rebounding'' Event (contrast with ''RefractingLight'') in which the 'Something Moving' that rebounds is an electromagnetic wave, usually light in the visible spectrum or nearby wavelengths, but also radio waves and other waves, such as sound ('echoing'). This is represented as an instance of ''CapabilityType'' which implies that the entire Event of ''Reflecting'' is something that can be caused by the ''ReflectiveObject''. Since most PhysicalObjects have some ability to refect light, the notion of something having a capability of ''Reflecting'' must be interpreted as meaning that it does not absorb most of the impinging light, perhaps no more than 70% (?? to be determined by usage) A ''Reflecting'' produces a ''View'' emanating from the surface of the reflecting object. @ToDo: represent 'reflectivity'? 8. reflection, reflexion, reflectivity - (the ability to reflect beams or rays) Includes parts of verb senses 2 and 4 of 'reflect' and noun sense 2 of 'reflection' (specifying light) in WordNet: 2. (18) reflect, reverberate - (to throw or bend back or reflect (from a surface); 'A mirror in the sun can reflect light into a person's eyes'; 'Sound is reflected well in this auditorium') 4. (7) reflect, shine - (be bright by reflecting or casting light; 'Drive carefully - the wet road reflects') WN noun 'reflection': 2. (7) reflection, reflexion - (the phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingaLightPath, :Repelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightPropagationEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :View ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReflectiveObject ; owl:onProperty :isaCapabilityOf ] . :ReflectingaRadioWave :en "reflecting a radio wave" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReflectingaRadioWave'' can be caused by buildings, for examples in a city (e.g. NewYork) where broadcast signals or other radio waves are reflected, possibly multiple times. This phenomenon is useful in 'RadarBasedDetection'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingaRadioWavePath, :Reflecting . :Reflection :wnsense "image2n", "reflection4n" ; :wordnet "image", "reflection" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Reflection''' is a ''View'' (a LightPropagationEvent) that is produced by a ''ReflectiveObject'' and is sufficiently clear and detailed (not diffused) so as to be able to identify the objects reflected, as in a mirror, or as in a ''ProjectedImage'' projected onto some surface from an optical device. Diffuse reflected light, as from a painted surface, is not specifically represented as of rev1247 In RHW sense 2 of 'image' includes this type: an optical counterpart or appearance of an object, as is produced by reflection from a mirror, refraction by a lens, or the passage of luminous rays through a small aperture and their reception on a surface. but WN has no correspondingly precise sense - only physical objects representing such images, though part of sense 2 of 'image' might include this sense. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'reflection' and (possibly) part of sense 2 of image' in WordNet: 4. (3) reflection, reflexion - (the image of something as reflected by a mirror (or other reflective material); 'he studied his reflection in the mirror') WN noun 'image': 2. (10) picture, image, icon, ikon - (a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; 'they showed us the pictures of their wedding'; 'a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reflecting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Reflective :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Reflecting ; :wnsense "reflective2adj" ; :wordnet "reflective" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (for reflecting light) adjective sense 2 of 'reflective' in Wordnet: 2. reflective - (capable of physically reflecting light or sound; 'a reflective surface') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ReflectiveObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject with high reflectance, like a mirror, such that it can produce a ''Reflection'' that is close in quality to the Scene reflected.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighReflectance ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reflecting ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reflection ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ReflexiveAction :en "reflexive action" ; :enn "reflexive action" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReflexiveAction'' is an Action in which the 'Agent' (subject) of the ''Action'' is the sane as the direct object ('patient'). This type includes uses of the ontology elements (concepts) and of the words (usually verbs) that label such concepts. In English, a 'reflexive verb' may be followed by 'himself' herself', 'itself' or 'themselves' which makes it explicit that the agent and patient are the same. But some verbs and their uses are intrinsically reflexive, not needing the '-self' addendum to represent the intended meaning. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Self ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Self ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Reformer :wnsense "crusader1n", "meliorist1n", "reformer1n", "reformist1n", "social reformer1n" ; :wordnet "crusader", "meliorist", "reformer", "reformist", "social reformer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reformer'' is a 'Supporter'' of a cause that the ''Reformer'' beleves would be a'reform' - an ''ImprovementEvent''. WN syn 'meliorist'? RHW 'meliorism': the doctrine that the world tends to become better or may be made better by human effort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reformer' in WordNet: 1. reformer, reformist, crusader, social reformer, meliorist - (a disputant who advocates reform) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingReform ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Reforming :wnsense "reform1n", "reform1v", "reform2v" ; :wordnet "reform" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which a social system or process or law is improved by correcting perceived deficiencies. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 and noun sense 1 of 'reform' in WordNet: 1. (1) reform - (make changes for improvement in order to remove abuse and injustices; 'reform a political system') 2. reform, reclaim, regenerate, rectify - (bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one; 'The Church reformed me'; 'reform your conduct') WN nooun 'reform': 1. (3) reform - (a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses; 'justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Correcting, :ImprovementEvent, :PurposefulAction, :WorkingEvent . :Reformist :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "progressive2adj", "reform-minded1adj", "reformist1adj" ; :wordnet "progressive", "reform-minded", "reformist" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reformist'' is a form of ''Progressive'' applying to people who try to promote 'reform' with the view of that being 'progress' (in some context).. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reformist' in WordNet: 1. progressive, reformist, reform-minded - (favoring or promoting reform (often by government action)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Progressive . :RefractingLight :wnsense "refraction1n" ; :wordnet "refraction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RefractingLight'' is a ''ChangingaLightPath'' in which a LightBeam passes through a transparent Object, and when passing through the surface between one trnsparent medimand another, it changes its direction, depending on the refractive index of the substances from which and into which it changes,and also depending on the wavelength of the light. Due to different indexes for different wavelengths, if the beam passes through the transparent medium and exits into another translarent medium, the different wavelengths will exit indifferent places with sifferent directions, and whenprijectedonto a surface will appear as a 'rainbow' effect. An actua ''Rainbow'' in the sky is caused by such refraction through water droplets that may still be present after a rainstorm. @mod53 Corresponds to part noun sense 1 of 'refraction' (for light only) in WordNet: 1. refraction - (the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingaLightPath, :Phenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :LightPath ] . :RefractingTelescope :en "refractor" ; :enn "refractor" ; :wnsense "refracting telescope1n" ; :wordnet "refracting telescope" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RefractingTelescope'' is a ''Telescope'' that uses lenses and no mirrors for the magnification function. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refracting telescope' in WordNet: 1. refracting telescope - (optical telescope that has a large convex lens that produces an image that is viewed through the eyepiece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Telescope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnifying ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mirror ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] . :Refraining :en "desisting", "refraining" ; :wnsense "desist1v", "refrain1v" ; :wordnet "desist", "refrain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Refraining' is an Absence of some Action that had been occurring or could be occurring, if not for a deliberate decision *not* to take that Action. This is an Action that requires an Animal to perform, though not necessarily human. NOTE that 'Refraining' is an Action in itself, even though the Action referred to is not inprogress. This is because the Refraining is a deliberate Action, and continues as long as the potential for performing the action refrained from is still present. If there is no possibility of performing an action, it cannot be refrained from. @ToDo: NOTE: the halting of an Action may also be called a 'desistance', but that sense of 'desist' is not yet (r885) represented. If needed, some sense that combines stopping and staying stopped may have to be created. RHW 'desist': to cease, as from some action or proceeding; stop. See also relation ''refrainedFrom'' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'refrain' in WordNet, and includes verb sense 1 as a subtype. NOTE that 'desist' in WN has a specialized meaning, but it is interpreted as more general in COSMO: in WordNet: 1. (1) refrain, forbear - (resist doing something; He refrained from hitting him back; she could not forbear weeping) 2. abstain, refrain, desist - (choose not to consume; I abstain from alcohol) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :AnimateActivity, :IntentionalMentalEvent, :PurposefulInaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimateActivity ] . :ReframingSomething :en "reframe" ; :eng "reframing" ; :env "reframe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReframingSomething' is a ''FramingaPicture'' in which the object reframed (document or picture) had previously been in a different ''PictureFrame'', or in the same ''PictureFrame'' before alterations were made to it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FramingaPicture, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :FramingaPicture ] . :Refreshing :isAnAttributeValueOf :RefreshingEvent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :RefreshingEvent ; :wnsense "bracing1adj", "brisk2adj", "energising1adj", "energizing1adj", "fresh3adj", "refreshful1adj", "refreshing1adj", "tonic1adj" ; :wordnet "bracing", "brisk", "energising", "energizing", "fresh", "refreshful", "refreshing", "tonic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'refreshing' in Wordnet: 1. (2) bracing, brisk, energizing, energising, fresh, refreshing, refreshful, tonic - (imparting vitality and energy; 'the bracing mountain air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RefreshingEvent :wnsense "freshen1v", "refresh2v" ; :wordnet "freshen", "refresh" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RefreshingEvent' is a '''Restoring'' Event that restores a Person's energy or stamina or ability to act, or reduces weariness.. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'refresh' in WordNet: 2. refresh, freshen - (make (to feel) fresh; 'The cool water refreshed us') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingTired ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Refreshment :wnsense "refreshment1n" ; :wordnet "refreshment" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Light snack of Food Objects and/or ''Drink''s not intended as a full meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refreshment' in WordNet: 1. refreshment - (snacks and drinks served as a light meal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Drink :SnackFood :FoodOrDrink :FoodType ) ] ] . :Refrigerant :wnsense "refrigerant1n" ; :wordnet "refrigerant" ; a :FluidType, :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substance that is used as part of a system that cools by mechanical process (rather than just heat transfer, as ice, or magnetic cooling). Often the refrigerant converts from liquid to gas phase, but substances that go from compressed gas to lower pressure (such as carbon dioxide) are also used as refrigerants. Freons are becoming less commonly used due to their environmental effects. A ''Refrigerant'' is a substance that can assume both liquid and gaseous forms at temperatures close to room temperature depending on the pressure, and can be used in a ''Refrigerator'' to convey heat from within a closed box to the outside, by being compressed (thereby heated) and cooled in coils outside the box, then being decompressed (and cooled) in coils inside the box. This is therefore neither properly characterized as 'liquid' (at room temperature) or 'gas', as it can be either depending on the pressure in the part of the device. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refrigerant' in WordNet: 1. refrigerant - (a substance used to provide cooling (as in a refrigerator)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidSubstance, :SubstanceRole . :Refrigerated :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject, :PhysicalSubstance ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Refrigerating ; :wnsense "refrigerated1adj" ; :wordnet "refrigerated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Refrigerated'' can be an attribute of any kind of ''PhysicalSubstance'' or''PhysicalObject'' that has been cooled in a ''RefrigeratedStorageDevice'', including an ''Icebox'' or a bath of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'refrigerated' in Wordnet: 1. (1) refrigerated - (made or kept cold by refrigeration; 'keep the milk refrigerated'; 'a refrigerated truck') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cold, :PastParticiple . :RefrigeratedStorageDevice :en "refrigerated storage device" ; :enn "refrigerated storage device" ; :guid "bd58eee2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of electrical devices whose purpose is to maintain something at a lower temperature than the surroundings through refrigeration (usually through the compression/decompression of a gas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoolingDevice, :DurableGood, :ElectricalDevice . :Refrigerating :wnsense "infrigidation1n", "refrigerate2v", "refrigeration1n" ; :wordnet "infrigidation", "refrigerate", "refrigeration" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Refrigerating'' is most commonly used for preserving perishable substances such as food or drugs, but it is also used in certain types of experimental procedures, including immersion in liquid ''Nitrogen'' or liquid ''Helium'' to investigate physical phenomena at very low temperatures. Corresponds to veb sense 2 of 'refrigerate' in WordNet: 2. refrigerate - (cool or chill in or as if in a refrigerator; 'refrigerate this medicine') WN noun 'refrigeration': 1. (2) refrigeration, infrigidation - (the process of cooling or freezing (e.g., food) for preservative purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoolingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cold ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Refrigerated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Refrigerator :guid "bd589d74-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "electric refrigerator1n", "fridge1n", "refrigerator1n" ; :wordnet "electric refrigerator", "fridge", "refrigerator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Electric powered ''Icebox''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'electric refrigerator' in WordNet: 1. electric refrigerator, fridge - (a refrigerator in which the coolant is pumped around by an electric motor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :Icebox, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motor ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pump ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Refrigerant ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Refrigerant ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :Refrigerator-Freezer :guid "bfec84d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :ManufacturedGoods, :RefrigeratedStorageDevice . :Refueling :wnsense "refuel1v", "refuel2v" ; :wordnet "refuel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Refueling'' is a subtype of ''Fueling'' in which some IntelligentAgent puts some quantity of ''Fuel'' into a refuelable ''FuelPoweredDevice'', after the first''Fueling'' of that Device. Includes both transitive and intransitive verb senses 1 and 2 of 'refuel'; these can be distingsuished, with the ''FuelPoweredDevice'' as agent (subject) in sense 2; However, distinguishing these might only make logical sense if there are objects that can automatically refuel themselves.(?) in WordNet: 1. (2) refuel - (provide with additional fuel, as of aircraft, ships, and cars) 2. (1) refuel - (take on more fuel, as of a plane, ship, or car) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fueling . :Refuge :wnsense "asylum1n", "refuge1n", "refuge3n", "safety2n", "sanctuary2n" ; :wordnet "asylum", "refuge", "safety", "sanctuary" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Refuge''is any Place that is safe, to where an Animal can flee for safety, or can live and survive. Subtype: See ''WildlifeRefuge'' for animals? For a 'Natral' location (not an artifact) where an animal can get some protection use ''NaturalShelter''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refuge' in WordNet: 1. safety, refuge - (a safe place; 'He ran to safety') 3. refuge, sanctuary, asylum - (a shelter from danger or hardship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Safe ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protective ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Refugee :wnsense "refugee1n" ; :wordnet "refugee" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Refugee'' is a ''Migrant'' migrated from one place because of some ~~~ WN classifies a 'refugee' as an 'exile' - which does not cover the typical cse, as its gloss says 'voluntarily absent'; but being forced out by conditions is not quite voluntary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refugee' in WordNet: 1. (5) refugee - (an exile who flees for safety) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Migrant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChangeOfResidence ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fleeing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Refund :wnsense "refund1n" ; :wordnet "refund" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'refund' in WordNet: 1. (7) refund - (money returned to a payer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PaymentAmount, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Refunding ] . :Refunding :guid "bf98cdc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "give back1v", "refund1v", "repay1v", "return10v" ; :wordnet "give back", "refund", "repay", "return" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This collection includes events where money is returned to an individual. The amount refunded is generally the same as or less than the amount the individual originally paid. Includes money paid back for a product returned to the seller, or a repayment of a deposit or up-frontpayent for something not received, or any return of money previously given in some form. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'refund' in WordNet: 1. (1) refund, return, repay, give back - (pay back; 'Please refund me my money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingBack, :PayingWithMoney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Refund ] . :Refusing :en "refusing" ; :ldoce "refusal", "refuse" ; :wnsense "denial1n", "refusal1n", "refuse1v" ; :wordnet "denial", "refusal", "refuse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Refusing' is an AssertingEvent in which some Agent(s) does not agree to perform some action requested or proposed or suggested, or something offered by another agent. The action requested may be to give an answer (thus being a refusal to answer), or to do some physical action (thus being a refusal to perform some physical action); or a refusal to allow the requesting agent to perform some action (thus a refusal to give permission). This type also includes the subtype 'RejectingAnOffer', but that has sufficiently different implications so that the words used to reject or decline an offer are not here as synonyms of 'refusal'. Each act of 'Refusing' implies some prior communication from another agent that is an instance of 'RequestingOrProposing'. A request may be for someone to do something, or to give information; also included in this broad category are acts where an agent declines an offer, for example an offer of help, or This corresponds to verb senses 1, 4, and 6 of 'refuse' and noun sense 1 of 'refusal' in WordNet: 1. (47) refuse, decline - (show unwillingness towards; 'he declined to join the group on a hike') 4. (2) deny, refuse - (refuse to let have; 'She denies me every pleasure'; 'he denies her her weekly allowance') 6. reject, turn down, turn away, refuse - (refuse entrance or membership; 'They turned away hundreds of fans'; 'Black people were often rejected by country clubs') WN noun 'refusal': 1. (4) refusal - (the act of refusing) WN noun 'denial': 1. (4) denial - (the act of refusing to comply (as with a request); 'it resulted in a complete denial of his privileges') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answering, :AssertingEvent, :Rejecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :RequestingOrProposing ] . :Regaining :wnsense "recover1v", "recover2v", "regain1v" ; :wordnet "recover", "regain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Regaining'' includes any Event, whether natural or an intentional action, that reverses the effect of some form of loss. This includes financial loss or loss of property, regaoning respect or friendship, or of any valuable PhysicalObject; regaining functionality should be represented as ''Recovering''. For 'gaining back' some functionality that had worsened use ''Recovering''. A partial recovery of a loss or worsening is still a ''Regaining'', and in that case it 'reversesTheEffectOf' whatever part of the loss that is reversed. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'regain' in WordNet: 1. (9) recover, retrieve, find, regain - (get or find back; recover the use of; 'She regained control of herself'; 'She found her voice and replied quickly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ImprovementEvent, :Receiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingSomething ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFollows ] . :Regenerating :wnsense "regenerate5v", "regeneration1n" ; :wordnet "regenerate", "regeneration" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Regenerating'' is a ''ReCreating'' and a ''Restoring'' that recreates lost functionality of Organism tissue by in part recreating some part (physical or abstract) of the thing (used mostly for tissue in an Organism) that had some useful functionality, and that was lost in a ''WorseningEvent'' or a ''LosingSomething''. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'regenerate' in WordNet: 5. regenerate - (replace (tissue or a body part) through the formation of new tissue. 'The snake regenerated its tail') WN noun 'regeneration': 1. regeneration - ((biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReCreating, :Restoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Regiment-MilitaryEchelon :guid "82cc0416-6dce-11d6-8000-00a0c9efa845" ; :wnsense "regiment1n" ; :wordnet "regiment" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Military units that are special-purpose subunits of units with #$Division-UnitDesignation are called 'regiments'. #$Regiment-UnitDesignation represents this particular echelon-level. A regiment typically consists of two to five battalions, often organized to accomplish a specific kind of objective. See also #$Brigade-UnitDesignation. RHW: Mil. a unit of ground forces, consisting of two or more battalions or battle groups, a headquarters unit, and certain supporting units. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regiment' in WordNet: 1. (145) regiment - (army unit smaller than a division) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmyUnit, :ModernMilitaryOrganization . :Region :BFO "SpatialRegion" ; :guid "be5c5d8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "area" ; :wnsense "area1n", "part2n", "region1n" ; :wordnet "area", "part", "region" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A connected part of any space, physical or abstract. A Region does not have to be empty, but can be occupied by solid objects. For an empty region of space see 'FreeSpaceRegion'.This type differs from Place in that it cannot be a PhysicalObject, it is a Region of pure space, which may or may not have PhysicalObjects located in it. NOTE that Region is disjoint with PhysicalObject, but not disjoint with Object (which can be abstract). A Feature is classified as an Object though it may also be a Region. In Cyc called 'SpaceRegion' CYC: A specialization of both #$SpatialThing and #$IntangibleIndividual (qq.v.) whose instances are regions of space that exclusively act as possible locations for other spatial objects, and thus are immobile. A space region might be three-, two-, one-, or zero-dimensional; and spatial objects occupy such regions accordingly. Three-dimensional space regions (see #$ChunkOfSpace) can be occupied by solid objects. Two-dimensional space regions (or #$SpaceSurfaces) can be occupied by a purely two-dimensional objects. And similarly for one-dimensional space regions (#$SpaceLines) and zero-dimensional space regions (#$SpacePoints). Another important specialization of #$SpaceRegion is #$SpaceRegion-Empirical, whose instances are pieces of the embedding space for spatio-temporal objects (see #$SpatialThing-Localized). For more on spatial location and occupancy, see #$AbsoluteLocationalPredicate and its instances. BFO (SpatialRegion): Definition: A continuant at or in which other continuants can be located. BFO: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is neither bearer of quality [snap:Quality] entities nor inheres in any other entities. *COSMO note: in BFO, a SpatialRegion is the union of: Line, Point, Surface, and Volume. This is close to the present concept of 'Region', but those terms in COSMO are more abstract, and are not restricted to PhysicalSpace. Perhaps the BFO link should be to ''PhysicalSpaceRegion''?? . BFO: 'SpatialRegion': includes the next four comments: Comment: All instances of continuant [snap:Continuant] are spatial entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatial) location with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatial location of a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is this region itself. BFO:Comment: An instance of spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is a part of space. All parts of space are spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities and only spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are parts of space. Space is the entire extent of the spatial universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] BFO: Comment: Space and spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of space is sometimes called \\\"absolutist\\\" or \\\"the container view\\\". In BFO, the class site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space, that is to say, a view according to which spatiality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to space. The bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that while instances of site [snap:Site] are not spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities, they are nevertheless spatial entities. BFO: Examples: the sum total of all space in the universe, parts of the sum total of all space in the universe Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'area' in WordNet, and the closest sense of WordNet'region' is sense 1: In WordNet: WN 'region': 1. (67) region, part - (the extended spatial location of something; 'the farming regions of France'; 'religions in all parts of the world'; 'regions of outer space') WN 'area': 1. (620) area, country - (a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); 'it was a mountainous area'; 'Bible country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntangibleIndividual, :Place, :RegionOrObject, :SpatialThing ; owl:disjointWith :AttributeValue, :PhysicalObject, :SituationProcessEventOrState . :RegionLimitation :wnsense "constraint1n", "restraint3n" ; :wordnet "constraint", "restraint" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RegionLimitation' is a form of *negative* Capability, i.e. it is an *inability* (or restraint due to prohibition) from either exiting some Region or entering some Region. 1. The Rule or Condition that restrains the agent from doing something. A Restraint is an externally imposed Limitation, such as a rule as a law, parental rule, law of nature, or even a moral inhibition. 2. The type of restraint: legal, physical, moral, social 3. The Action which one is restrained from performing. Includes part of noun sense 3 of 'restraint' in WordNet: WN restraint: 3. constraint, restraint - (the state of being physically constrained; 'dogs should be kept under restraint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limitation . :RegionOrObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each element of 'RegionOrObject' is either a Region or a PhysicalObject. The common type is GenericLocation. This is used to represent 'RegionPair', each element of which can be one or the other type. This is a necessary tactic because OWL does not like unions as values of relations. See 'RegionPair' for usage. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation . :RegionPair a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RegionPair' is any Pair of Regions or PhysicalObjects that one may want to relate to other entities, or to each other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :RegionOrObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :RegionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """RegionType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for regions, and an argument restriction for various relations on Region types. CYC also uses a metaclass class called 'RegionType', with broad usage: A collection of collections. Each instance of #$RegionType is a subcollection of #$SpatialThing-Localized each of whose instances is an identifiable subregion of some object, but not itself an independent object. Instances of #$RegionType include #$PalmOfHand, #$Doorway, #$Wall-GenericBarrier, #$WorkSurface, and #$Handle. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Regional :isTheOppositeOf :Local ; :pertainsTo :Region ; :wnsense "regional1adj", "regional2adj" ; :wordnet "regional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Regional'' is the attribute of something that pertains to a Region, especially a large ''Region'' with some distinctive customs or practices. Contrasts with 'local' - but the size differences are vague. For a city or township, use ''Local'' - for a state or larger use ''Regional'' (unless ''International'') a County is a borderline case. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'regional' in WordNet: 1. (14) regional - (characteristic of a region; 'regional flora') 2. (4) regional - (related or limited to a particular region; 'a regional dialect') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RegionalAnesthesia :wnsense "regional anaesthesia1n", "regional anesthesia1n" ; :wordnet "regional anaesthesia", "regional anesthesia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RegionalAnesthesia'' is an ''Anesthesia'' that causes a loss of sensation in some part of the body larger than a small region that is numbed by a 'local anaesthetic', but does not cause loss of consciousness. NOTE that this is the state, not the administration of anaesthetic that causes the state. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regional anaesthesia' in WordNet: 1. regional anesthesia, regional anaesthesia - (loss of sensation in a region of the body produced by application of an anesthetic agent to all the nerves supplying that region (as when an epidural anesthetic is administered to the pelvic region during childbirth)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anesthesia, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anesthetic ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :RegionalGovernment :guid "c10aed16-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaSynonymOf :GeopoliticalEntity ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Cyc concept that has been merged with 'GeopoliticalEntity'. Cyc: A specialization of #$LegalGovernmentOrganization. Each instance of #$RegionalGovernment is a government organization that controls a particular geopolitical region (e.g. a country, state, city, or county). Governmental organizations focused on a single type of control, e.g., a border patrol, are not instances of this collection. Specializations of #$RegionalGovernment include #$CountyGovernment and #$GovernmentOfCountry.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Register :wnsense "register1n", "registry1n" ; :wordnet "register", "registry" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Register'' is a 'DocumentaryRecord'' representing a List of facts that can be used as evidence for business or personal or official purposes. Examples of a ''Register'' in which the names of people with some specific attributes (such as eligibility to vote) are listed, or a list of objects present in some location, or a list of real esate parcels with their evaluations for tax purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'register' in WordNet: 1. (2) register, registry - (an official written record of names or events or transactions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentaryRecord, :Register, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :List ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Registered :isAnAttributeValueOf :Object ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Registering ; :wnsense "registered1adj", "registered2adj", "registered3adj" ; :wordnet "registered" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes all three adjective senses 1 2,and 3 of 'registered' in Wordnet: 1. registered - ((of animals) officially recorded with or certified by a recognized breed association; especially in a stud book; 'a registered Percheron') 2. registered - (listed or recorded officially; 'record is made of 'registered mail' at each point on its route to assure safe delivery'; 'registered bonds') 3. registered - ((of a boat or vessel) furnished with necessary official documents specifying ownership etc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Registering :wnsense "register1v" ; :wordnet "register" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This broad snse of ''Registering'' includes any Action performed by a Person to either (1) add a name (which could be his/her own name) to a list to be used for some purposes of some Organization.(see subtype ''Enrolling''); or (2) adding in a record of some Event,such as transactions in a financial register; or adding the name of some entity (e.g. a Word as a Tradmark) on an official 'registry' maintained by some Organization. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'register' in WordNet: 1. (7) register - (record in writing; enter into a book of names or events or transactions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DocumentCreation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Register ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :RegisteringToVote :en "registering" ; :wnsense "register3v", "registration1n" ; :wordnet "register", "registration" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''RegisteringToVote'' is an ''Registering'' Action performed by a Person of voting age (varies place to place) so as to be eligible to vote in some kind of election(s) regulated by law. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'register' and part (for voting) of noun sense 1 of 'registration' in WordNet: 3. (4) register - (enroll to vote; 'register for an election') WN noun 'registration' 1. (7) registration, enrollment, enrolment - (the act of enrolling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :Enrolling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voter ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :RegisteringaTrademark :en "register a trademark", "trademark" ; :eng "trademarking" ; :env "trademark" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''RegisteringaTrademark' is a ''Registering'' Action in which a Person successfully applies to a government agency (The Patent and Tradmark Office in the USA) to get a ''Trademark' registered as legally official. No verb sense of 'Trademark' in WN. RHW verb 'trademark': 4. to register the trademark of. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Registering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrademarkRight ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ] . :RegisteringaVehicle :en "register a motor vehicle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''RegisteringaVehicle' is a ''Registering'' Action in which a Person registers some motor vehicle that s/he owns to a government list in order to have permission to drive it on a public roadway. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Registering . :Regression :wnsense "regress2n", "regression4n", "retrogression2n", "retroversion3n", "reversion5n" ; :wordnet "regress", "regression", "retrogression", "retroversion", "reversion" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Regression'' is a ''ChangeOfState'' from one state to a former state. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'regression' in WordNet: 4. regression, regress, reversion, retrogression, retroversion - (returning to a former state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfState . :Regret :ldoce "regret", "sorrow" ; :wnsense "regret1n", "sorrow2n" ; :wordnet "regret", "sorrow" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Regret' is a mild 'Sorrow' directed at some disappointment, whether due to someone else's actions or to an undesired outcome of one's own actions, or due to some action that one later decides was undesirable, especially one having harmed other people. Includes noun sense 1 of 'regret' and sense 2 of 'sorrow' in WordNet: 1. (5) sorrow, regret, rue, ruefulness - - (sadness associated with some wrong done or some disappointment; 'he drank to drown his sorrows'; 'he wrote a note expressing his regret'; 'to his rue, the error cost him the game') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sadness . :Regrettable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Regret ; :isTheOppositeOf :Fortunate ; :wnsense "regrettable1adj", "unfortunate3adj" ; :wordnet "regrettable", "unfortunate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an ''Event'' (or FunctionalProcess) that may not have occured, that has caused harm to some ''IntentionalAgent'' or whose outcome might otherwise have been beneficial to that agent. This also describes an action of the intentional agent that caused her/him harm. If the harmful outcome was caused by bad luck, that can be described by ''Unfortunate'' as well as ''Regrettable''. This is an AttributeValue of Events, not of 'IntentionalAgent's. An Event that was unlucky for a person or agent, can be the subject of the relation ''wasUnluckyFor'', pointing to the agent as Object. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 3 of 'unfortunate' applies only to Events, not to Agents: in WordNet: 1. regrettable, too bad - (deserving regret; 'regrettable remarks'; 'it's regrettable that she didn't go to college'; 'it's too bad he had no feeling himself for church') WN 'unfortunate': 3. unfortunate - (unsuitable or regrettable; 'an unfortunate choice of words'; 'an unfortunate speech') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :EventAttributeValue . :RegrowingSomething :wnsense "regrow1v" ; :wordnet "regrow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RegrowingSomething'' is an Action in which some *subject Object (usually an Organism) 'grows' (develops) some attribute or Object that it previously had and lost in some manner. e.g. plant parts regrowing after being cut off, a newt regrowing a limb, a silver plate object regrowing a layer of tarnish after being polished. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'regrow' in WordNet: 1. regrow - (grow anew or continue growth after an injury or interruption; 'parts of the trunk of this tree can regrow'; 'some invertebrates can regrow limbs or their tail after they lost it due to an injury') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrowingSomething, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingSomething ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Regular :ldoce "regular" ; :wnsense "regular5adj", "regular7adj" ; :wordnet "regular" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Regular' is a FrequencyAttributeValue indicating that some Event usually occurs some relatively fixed number of times (often once) within each sequential interval of time. The absolute frequency does not have to be high for an Event to be 'regular': 'They decided on regular presidential elections at six-year intervals', but between repretitions of a 'Regular' Event there should be a relatively constant interval of time, perhaps not varying by more than a factor of two between occurrences of the Regular Event. 'He had a regular physical check-up every year.' 'Our regular group meeting occurred on Monday each week'. The sense of being regularly scheduled is a disinguishable subsense represented by 'RegularlyScheduled'. Includes adjective senses 5 and 7 of 'regular' in WordNet: 5. (2) regular - (regularly scheduled for fixed times; 'at a regular meeting of the PTA'; 'regular bus departures') 7. (1) even, regular - (occurring at fixed intervals; 'a regular beat'; 'the even rhythm of his breathing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrequencyAttributeValue . :RegularFare :wnsense "fare4n" ; :wordnet "fare" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RegularFare'' is the ''FoodObject'' (which can be mixed types of Food) eaten regularly or typically by some Person or GroupOfPeople or Person Type. 'Airline fare is not haute cuisine but at least it's better than prison fare'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'fare' in WordNet: 4. fare - (the food and drink that are regularly consumed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ] . :RegularMedicalExam :ldoce "examine" ; :wnsense "checkup1n", "examine2v", "medical checkup1n", "medical exam1n", "medical examination1n", "medical1n" ; :wordnet "checkup", "examine", "medical", "medical checkup", "medical exam", "medical examination" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RegularMedicalExam'' is a 'MedicalExamination' that occcurs for the purpose of preventive medicine in the absence of a new symptom, in contrast to a ''MedicalExamination'' that occurs because of a specific symptom or concern by the patient, or as a monitoring event for patients that are undergoing or have undergone treatment. This usually occurs annually ('annual checkup'), but the interval can be quite variable or one-off for any reason. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalExamination, :RoutineAction ; owl:disjointWith :MedicalDiagnosis . :RegularPlayingSeason :en "playing season", "regular playing season" ; :enn "playing season", "regular playing season" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RegularPlayingSeason'' is a ''Season''during which ''SportsTeam''s compete in some league to determine the final (usually two) candidates for the championship of that league. The games to determine the championship (the ''Playoff'') are played during the ''PostSeason''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Season, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :Tournament ] . :RegularPolygon :guid "bf21eb08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType. This is the collection of all polygons that are both #$EquiangularPolygons and #$EquilateralPolygons (qq.v.). One specialization of this collection is #$Square, the collection of four-sided regular polygons. See also #$RegularPolygonTypeFn""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquiangularPolygon, :EquilateralPolygon . :Regularly :wnsense "on a regular basis1adv", "regularly1adv" ; :wordnet "on a regular basis", "regularly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Regularly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that action is performed repeatedly over more or ess reguar (having intervas of similar duration) time intervals. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'regularly' in WordNet: 1. (6) regularly, on a regular basis - (in a regular manner; 'letters arrived regularly from his children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Repeatedly . :RegularlyRepeatedEventType :guid "bd590072-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$RepeatedEventType (q.v.). Each instance of #$RegularlyRepeatedEventType is a collection of events whose instances typically occur along with other instances of the same event-type at more or less regular intervals. These regular occurrences might be the result of natural phenomena (e.g. the sunrise), human convention (e.g. the execution of a dance step within a given dancing event), or a combination of both (e.g. the annual celebration of Oktoberfest). Other examples of #$RegularlyRepeatedEventType are #$OlympicGames, #$AcademicTerm, and #$TakingABreath. See also #$IterativeEvent and #$IterativeEventType.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepeatedEventType . :RegularlyScheduled :ldoce "regular", "usual" ; :wnsense "regular5adj", "usual1adj" ; :wordnet "regular", "usual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RegularlyScheduled' is a FrequencyAttributeValue for Events that occur at fixed time intervals because they have been planned in advance to occur at those times; this is commonly used for meetings and other social events, but can also be used for Actions such as routine maintenance procedures. If this attribute is applied and the frequency is also known, the actual value of the 'Frequency' should be specified, using the 'hasFrequency' relation @ToDo: The use of specific time-interval adjectives specifying specific time intervals such as 'daily', 'monthly' 'biannual' might be thought of as subtypes of this type, but being quantitative are represented as instances of 'Frequency'. IT is possible to create subtypes of this type such as 'ScheduledDaily' that differ from the quantitative measure 'daily', but as of rev833 those subtypes have not been defined. The word 'usual'can refer to regularly scheduled activities, as in 'we held our usual group meeting in room 302 today' NOTE: 'Conventional' may be assigned to some activity to express the notion that it occurs at some fixed time of day, or day of the month; such an activity may also be 'RegularlyScheduled', and will then have both attributes: 'Conventional' and 'RegularlyScheduled'. The distinction is that some activity may be 'RegularlyScheduled' in the sense of occuring every week, but may not be held on the same day of every week or at the same time of day; conversely, an activity may be typically held at a perticular time of day, but may not occur at fixed time intervals. More specific subtypes of 'Conventional' may be needed to express such nuances. Thus 'regular bedtime' and 'usual bedtime' and 'normal bedtime' all have the attribute 'Conventional'. For activities that occur at a particular time (of day, day of the week) and also recur at fixed time intervals, use 'OccurringAtaFixedTime'. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'regular' and part of sense 1 of 'usual' in WordNet: 5. (2) regular - (regularly scheduled for fixed times; 'at a regular meeting of the PTA'; 'regular bus departures') WN 'usual': 1. (29) usual - (occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure; 'grew the usual vegetables'; 'the usual summer heat'; 'came at the usual time'; 'the child's usual bedtime') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Regular, :Scheduled . :RegulatingBehavior :wnsense "regulate2v", "regulating1n", "regulation5n", "regulation6n" ; :wordnet "regulate", "regulating", "regulation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of creating Rules, performed by some Governmental Authority Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'regulate' and noun senses 5 and 6 of 'regulation' in WordNet: 2. (5) regulate, regularize, regularise, order, govern - (bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations; 'We cannot regulate the way people dress'; 'This town likes to regulate') WN noun 'regulation': 5. regulation, regularization, regularisation - (the act of bringing to uniformity; making regular) 6. regulation, regulating - (the act of controlling or directing according to rule; 'fiscal regulations are in the hands of politicians') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAnAgent, :Requesting, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Regulation ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentalOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :RegulatingLightPassage :en "regulating passage through a portal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RegulatingLightPassage'' is a ''RegulatingPassage'' in which the 'thing' regulated is ''Light'' and the regulating is performed by an ''Aperture'', such as in a camera or other photographic Device.. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'regulate' in WordNet: 1. (6) regulate, modulate - (fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; 'regulate the temperature'; 'modulate the pitch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RegulatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aperture ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassingThroughPortal ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :RegulatingPassage :en "regulating passage through a portal" ; :wnsense "regulate1v" ; :wordnet "regulate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RegulatingPassage'' is a ''RegulatingSomething'' in which the 'something' is some form of ''PassingThroughPortal'' and the regulating is performed by an ''Aperture''.. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'regulate' in WordNet: 1. (6) regulate, modulate - (fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; 'regulate the temperature'; 'modulate the pitch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RegulatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aperture ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassingThroughPortal ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :RegulatingSomething :wnsense "modulate3v", "regulate1v" ; :wordnet "modulate", "regulate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RegulatingSomething'' is a Event in which some PhysicalObject (organic or artifactual) causes the *rate* of some process to change or to maintain some value, in a manner that is determined by evolution or by some intelligent artifact designer, for some purpose. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'regulate' in WordNet: 1. (6) regulate, modulate - (fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; 'regulate the temperature'; 'modulate the pitch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :Rate :RateMeasure :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :PhysicalObject :Feature ) ] ] . :RegulatingaValue :wnsense "modulate3v", "regulate1v" ; :wordnet "modulate", "regulate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RegulatingaValue'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which an adjustment is made to some kind of regulating device (e.g. thermostat) that then can automatically maintain the desired value set for the attribute regulated. NOTE that this type represents the actual 'setting'of the value, which is a type of change. Maintaining the value would be a different type, though it could result from the ''RegulatingaValue'' Action.. The device itself performs a 'controlling' action on the value @ToDo: needs some 'regulating device' as part of the Action. NOTE also that ''RegulatingaValue can be performed by internal proesses of living things, such as regulating the body temperature. Includes parts of verb sense 1 of 'regulate' and of senses 5, 8, and 23 of'set' in WordNet: 1. (6) regulate, modulate - (fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; 'regulate the temperature'; 'modulate the pitch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjusting, :RegulatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evaluating ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeviceType ] . :Regulation :wnsense "ordinance1n", "regulation1n" ; :wordnet "ordinance", "regulation" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Regulation'' is a ''RuleForBehavior'' created by a governmental agency empowered by a Law. but not by the legislature directly. this is not for 'regulating' devices. Corresponds to part noun sense 1 of 'regulation' (agency regulations are not called 'ordinances') in WordNet: 1. (10) regulation, ordinance - (an authoritative rule) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RuleForBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentAgency ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RegulationText ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :RegulationText :en "regulation text" ; :enn "regulation text" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RegulationText' is the AbstractText representing some ''Regulation''. This represents the notion that every ''Regulation'' has to be written in some linguistic form, which is most commonly represented in COSMO as an ''AbstractText'' (rather than the physical text). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommandPhrase, :TextualPCW, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Regulation ] . :RegulationTime :wnsense "regulation time1n" ; :wordnet "regulation time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RegulationTime''is the ''TimeInterval'' dring which some timed GameEvent is played. If the game ends in a 'TieScore' at the end of its ''RegulationTime'', for certain games that do not permit games to end in a TieScore, a addition playing time called 'overtime' (here ''GameOvertime'') is added and further play continues to break the tie. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regulation time' in WordNet: 1. regulation time - ((sports) the normal prescribed duration of a game; 'the game was finished in regulation time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventIndexedTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :GameEvent ] . :RegulatorDevice :wnsense "regulator1n" ; :wordnet "regulator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RegulatorDevice'' may be machanical, electrical, or electronic, but in all cases has as its function the regulation (control) of some attribute value of some system. A common example is a thermostat, but in an automobile with automatic control there will also be devices to regulate speed. The dial on many sound-producing devices can regulate volume. A ''Flywheel'' is a simple example of a ''RegulatorDevice'' having the function of making the rotation of the drive component in a reciprocating engine move at a more regular rate. Each ''RegulatorDevice'' must have some kind of ''SensorDevice'' that allows it to determine if the attribute regulated has the proper value, and if not, then to change that value by its regulating mechanism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regulator' in WordNet: 1. (1) regulator - (any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SensorDevice ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :Device :AttributeValueType :AttributeValue ) ] ] . :Regulatory :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :RegulatingBehavior ; :pertainsTo :ControllingSomething, :RegulatingBehavior, :Regulation ; :wnsense "regulative1adj", "regulatory1adj" ; :wordnet "regulative", "regulatory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Regulatory'' is the attribute pertaining to anything that performs a 'regulating' action such as ''RegulatingBehavior'', or to the rules that specify what is permitted.by a ''Regulation'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'regulatory' in WordNet: 1. (2) regulative, regulatory - (restricting according to rules or principles; 'a regulatory gene') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Controlling, :PertainingAttributeValue . :Rehabilitation :en "rehab" ; :enn "rehab" ; :wnsense "rehabilitate2v", "rehabilitation1n" ; :wordnet "rehabilitate", "rehabilitation" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rehabilitation' in WordNet: 4. rehabilitation - (the treatment of physical disabilities by massage and electrotherapy and exercises) WN verb 'rehabilitate': 2. rehabilitate - (restore to a state of good condition or operation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TherapeuticProcess . :Rehearsing :wnsense "dry run1n", "practice4v", "practise1v", "rehearsal1n", "rehearse1v" ; :wordnet "dry run", "practice", "practise", "rehearsal", "rehearse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rehearsing'' is a special form of 'practicing' where the thing 'practised' is a public speech or an ''EntertainmentPerformance''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rehearse' in WordNet: 1. (5) rehearse, practise, practice - (engage in a rehearsal (of)) WN noun 'rehearsal': 1. (6) rehearsal, dry run - (a practice session in preparation for a public performance (as of a play or speech or concert); 'he missed too many rehearsals'; 'a rehearsal will be held the day before the wedding') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :LearningHowToDoSomething, :PreparingForSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :Performance ] . :Reign :wnsense "reign2n" ; :wordnet "reign" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Reign'' is a ''HistoricalPeriod'' during which some Person is the monarch of somecountry. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reign' in WordNet: 2. reign - (the period during which a monarch is sovereign; 'during the reign of Henry VIII') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HistoricalPeriod, :TermOfOffice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HistoricalEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Reimbursement :wnsense "reimbursement1n" ; :wordnet "reimbursement" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Reimbursement'' is a ''Compensation'' that is a ''QuantityOfMoney'' given in a ''Reimbursing'' event in return for something equivalent given in a prior event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reimbursement' in Wordnet: 1. (1) reimbursement - (compensation paid (to someone) for damages or losses or money already spent etc.; 'he received reimbursement for his travel expenses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compensation . :Reimbursing :en "reimbursing" ; :wnsense "recoup1v", "reimburse1v", "reimburse2v" ; :wordnet "recoup", "reimburse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reimbursing'' is a ''GivingBack'' in which the thing given back is exactly or approximately of equal monetary value to the thing originally given that motivates the reimbursement. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'reimburse' in Wordnet: 1. (1) reimburse - (pay back for some expense incurred; 'Can the company reimburse me for my professional travel?') 2. recoup, reimburse - (reimburse or compensate (someone), as for a loss) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compensating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Reimbursement ] . :Reincarnation :wnsense "reincarnation1n" ; :wordnet "reincarnation" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reincarnation'' is any ''IntelligentAgent'', usually a Person or Deity, that has been born again in a different Physical form. NOTE: if the form is a NonHumanAnimal, it should still be an ''IntelligentAgent'', having the soul of a Person, even if, like someone paralysed, that soul cannot express itself to others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reincarnation' in WordNet: 1. reincarnation - (embodiment in a new form (especially the reappearance of a person in another form); 'his reincarnation as a lion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rebirth ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Reindeer :wnsense "caribou1n", "reindeer1n" ; :wordnet "caribou", "reindeer" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The animal called 'caribou' in North America. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reindeer' in WordNet: 1. caribou, reindeer, Greenland caribou, Rangifer tarandus - (arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called 'reindeer' in Eurasia and 'caribou' in North America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deer . :Reinforcement :wnsense "reinforcement4n", "strengthener1n" ; :wordnet "reinforcement", "strengthener" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reinforcement'' is any PhysicalObject of any size designed to strengthen any other object. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'reinforcement' in WordNet: 4. strengthener, reinforcement - (a device designed to provide additional strength; 'the cardboard backing was just a strengthener'; 'he used gummed reinforcements to hold the page in his notebook') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strengthening ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Reinforcing :wnsense "reenforce1v", "reinforce1v" ; :wordnet "reenforce", "reinforce" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Reinforcing'' is a form of Strengthening in which some solid object is strengthened (made able to support more weight or resist bending under greater force) by adding in some firm or hard objects or materials - e.g. reinforced cement has steel bars added. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reinforce' in WordNet: 1. (11) reinforce, reenforce - (make stronger; 'he reinforced the concrete) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strengthening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AddingEvent :ActionType ) ] ] . :Reins :en "reins" ; :guid "c0fbdc07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rein1n" ; :wordnet "rein" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reins'' is an ''AnimalControlDevice'' consisting of (usually) two rope-like lines attached to the head of some instance of ''RiddenAnimalType'' that a rider can use to direct the motion of the animal being ridden. CYC: Reins are ropes tied to a bridle on a horse. One usually leads a horse with the reins, and one usually holds the reins while riding a horse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rein' in WordNet: 1. (5) rein - (one of a pair of long straps (usually connected to the bit or the headpiece) used to control a horse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalControlDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RiddenAnimalType :NonHumanAnimal ) ] ] . :Reinventing :wnsense "reinvent2v" ; :wordnet "reinvent" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The meaning of ''Reinventing''is somewhat vague. This type represents a mixture of ''ReCreating'' and ''Renewing'' including adding in something new, in any proportion. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'reinvent' in WordNet: 2. reinvent - (create anew and make over; 'He reinvented African music for American listeners') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReCreating, :Renewing . :Reinvesting :en "reinvest" ; :eng "reinvesting" ; :env "reinvest" ; :wnsense "roll over3v", "rollover1n" ; :wordnet "roll over", "rollover" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for changing the type or institutional location of some ''Investment'' to get a new ''Investment'' with the same monetary value. NOTE: not WN synset for 'reinvest'; the closest seems to be a'rollover'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'rollover' in WordNet: 1. rollover - (the act of changing the institution that invests your pension plan without incurring a tax penalty) WN verb 'roll over': 3. roll over - (invest (a previously investment) into a similar fund or security; 'She rolled over her IRA') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altering, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Investing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Investing ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Investment ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :ReiterativeActionSeries :en "reiterative action series" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReiterativeActionSeries'' is a series of Actions in which one type of Action is followed by another type of Action, and the second Action is followed at some point by the first type of Action, either immediately or after other types of Action intervene. Each type of Action in the series (of any length) repeats at least twice for any number of times, and the types of actions performed ocur in succession. This differs from the parent type ''RecurringAction'' in that a ''RecurringAction'' represents one type of Action, whereas in a ''ReiterativeActionSeries'' at least two distinguishable types of Action occur repeatedly, each time followed by another specific type of Action. The Action in such a series are both repeated and succesive. The ''ElectionOfaUSPresident'', representing only one type of Action is a subtype of ''RecurringAction'', whereas 'TakingTurns'' in which at least two Agents do something repeatedly in sequential order, is a subtype of this ''ReiterativeActionSeries''. Many games with two or more competitors are designed as a ''ReiterativeActionSeries'', as in Chess. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :RecurringActionType ] . :ReiterativeEventSeries a :GroupType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' is a Group of Events in sequence, each instance of which shares some property in common with others of the same series. The property shared need not be the dominant characteristic of each event in the series, it need only be something that unites the series, as phases or stages in some series of Events that collectively cause something to happen. Subtypes such as ''cyclicEventSeries'' may have strong similarities between the phases, but that is not necessary for this general series;. For this general series, the begnning and ending times need only to be not arbitrary, but have some reason for dividing the series from other time intervals. In a ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' some defining element of the Event remains the same. The defining element need not be a PhysicalObject - no one Object needs to be a participant during the whole of an Event: (Consider a 'relay race' without a baton, with the relay accomplished by touching so that no one Person is an active participant throughout the whole race.) For practical purposes, there will almost always be some physical object that is onsidered as a 'participant' but to maintain maximum generality no such entity is required. A ''ReiterativeEventSeries'' is located at some ''EventTrajectory''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Iteration ] . :ReiterativeGameEvent :en "reiterative game event" ; a :EventType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReiterativeGameEvent'' is a ''GameEvent'' in which there are two or more players, each of whom is allowed (by the rules) to take a 'turn' (see ''TakingOnesTurn'') in some prescribed sequence. Examples: playing Chess, card games. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, :HumanActivity, :ReiterativeActionSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingTurns ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Rejecting :en "rejecting" ; :guid "bd5905f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reject1v", "reject2v", "rejection1n" ; :wordnet "reject", "rejection" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the broadest sense of 'reject' in which one agent responds negatively to a communication from another agent. This contrasts with ''Accepting'' CYC ('Rejecting-CommunicationAct') An acknowledgement in which the performer denies what was communicated to them in a prior communication. Subtypes include: Refusing Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'reject' in WordNet: 1. (19) reject - (refuse to accept or acknowledge; 'I reject the idea of starting a war'; 'The journal rejected the student's paper') 2. (15) refuse, reject, pass up, turn down, decline - (refuse to accept; 'He refused my offer of hospitality') WN noun 'rejection': 1. (5) rejection - (the act of rejecting something; 'his proposals were met with rejection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acknowledging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Offering :Advising :AssertingEvent ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accepting ; owl:onProperty :isAnAlternativeTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Negative ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rejoicing :wnsense "joy1v", "rejoice1v" ; :wordnet "joy", "rejoice" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """joy, joyousness, joyfulness Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rejoice' in WordNet: 1. (4) rejoice, joy - (feel happiness or joy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :ExternalReferringThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Joy ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Rejoining :en "rejoin an organization" ; :eng "rejoining", "rejoining an organization" ; :env "rejoin an organization" ; :wnsense "rejoin1v" ; :wordnet "rejoin" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rejoin' in WordNet: 1. (3) rejoin - (join again) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JoiningAnOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeavingAnOrganization ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :JoiningAnOrganization ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Relapsing :wnsense "relapse1v" ; :wordnet "relapse" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Relapsing'' is the Action (usually passive) in which some ''Animal'' again becomes ill (acquires an ''AilmentCondition'') with the same type of Ailment that was acquired in a prior Event of ''AilmentType''. 'Recurring' usually implies that the Ailment acquired in the ''Relapsing'' has the same basic causes as the prior event, which have not fully gone away, and therefore occurs within no more than a few years of the prior Ailment, and often within a day or two. But this is not specified here as necessary. In the to restrictions below, the ''AilmentType'' pointed to should be the *same* (no easy way to say that in OWL - one would need to *generate* an instance and point to that . . . can be done, clumsily if time-stamping were part of the application). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'relapse' in WordNet: 1. get worse, relapse - (deteriorate in health; 'he relapsed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GettingSick, :Recurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentType ] . :Related :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Relatedness ; :ldoce "related" ; :wnsense "related1adj", "related2adj" ; :wordnet "related" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a Group of (often only two) entities that are related by some Relation. See also 'BeingRelated', a PersistentState. A common subtype is 'RelatedAsKin'. @ToDo: it will require an FOL representation to specify the actual relation that is intended, if it is know. This type merely specifies that there is a relation, but does not specify what kind. Subtypes such as 'RelatedAsKin' can be more specific. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'related' in WordNet: 1. (23) related, related to - (being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics ; 'painting and the related arts'; 'school-related activities'; 'related to micelle formation is the...ability of detergent actives to congregate at oil-water interfaces') 2. (4) related - (connected by kinship, common origin, or marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RelatedAsKin :ldoce "related" ; :wnsense "kindred2adj", "related2adj" ; :wordnet "kindred", "related" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RelatedAsKin' is an AttributeValue of a Group of (often only two) People who have some kinship relation, by blood, marriage, adoption, or biological (e.g. as an egg or sperm donor, even if not participating in the birth event). This is an attribute of a 'KinshipGroup'. NOTE: a ''GroupOfPeople'' each of whom is descended from the same Person is characterized by subAttribute ''RelatedByBlood''. @ToDo: it will require an FOL representation to specify the actual kinship relation. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'related' in WordNet: 2. (4) related - (connected by kinship, common origin, or marriage) WN adj 'kindred': 2. kindred - (related by blood or marriage; \"kindred clans\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Related . :RelatedByBlood :wnsense "akin2adj", "blood-related1adj", "cognate3adj", "consanguine1adj", "consanguineal1adj", "consanguineous1adj", "kin1adj" ; :wordnet "akin", "blood-related", "cognate", "consanguine", "consanguineal", "consanguineous", "kin" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RelatedByBlood'' is a subAttribute of ''RelatedAsKin'' characterizing a GroupOfPeople each of whom is descended from some specific ''Person''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'blood-related' in Wordnet: 1. akin, blood-related, cognate, consanguine, consanguineous, consanguineal, kin - (related by blood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelatedAsKin . :Relatedness :en "beng related" ; :wnsense "relatedness1n" ; :wordnet "relatedness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Relatedness' is a broad general category of ''Relation'', that is not formal in the sense of a logical ''Relation'' but expresses some form of linkage between concepts. This is a ''PersistentState'' performed by a Group (of any type) that has some relation to each other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relatedness' in WordNet: 1. (1) relatedness - (a particular manner of connectedness; 'the relatedness of all living things') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Related ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Group ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :RelatingAnEvent :wnsense "relate3v" ; :wordnet "relate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RelatingAnEvent'' is an ''AssertingOrally'' in which an agent orally describes some Event, possibly fictional. The Event described is usually an instance of an Event, but could be an EventType. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'relate' in WordNet: 3. (7) relate - (give an account of; 'The witness related the events') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingOrally, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :RelatingToAnotherPerson :wnsense "relate5v" ; :wordnet "relate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'relate' in WordNet: 5. (2) relate - (have or establish a relationship to; 'She relates well to her peers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interacting, :SocialInteraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialRelationship ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Relation :en "relationship" ; :ldoce "association", "relation" ; :wnsense "association3n", "connection1n", "link1n", "linkage1n", "relation1n" ; :wordnet "association", "connection", "link", "linkage", "relation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of 'relations' (abstract concepts or terms representing links that are of some kind between the entities in a Group of two or more elements) that can be used in a formalized way in either 'logical and necessary' relations,or as 'probabilistic associations'. For binary relations that have a defined 'owl:ObjectProperty' as the relation, an instance of 'RelationInstance' could be used in COSMO. This type includes informal relations as well as the kind of formal relations represented as 'properties' in an OWL ontology. NOTE 1a: A ''Relation'' may be used in a ''ConceptLinkage'' (an ''Assertion'') that expresses the conceptual connnection between two or more objects: In the assertion {Falling isCausedby Gravity} ... the ''Relation'' is represented by the term ''isCausedBy'') NOTE 1b: The process in which this is used proceeds thus: ''AssociatingIdeas'' (a form or Reasoning, Thinking) *creates a ''ConceptLinkage'' (an assertion expressing the association that was recognized); and *a ''Relation'' is the formal link between the ideas that were associated. This type is similar to but more general than rdf:Property in that it includes multiple-arity relations and functions. But this type is not used to specify 'properties' within the OWL formalism, it is here for use when the OWL version of COSMO is converted to a CL-compliant version. For probabilistic associations use ''ProbabilityRelation'' and its subtypes. There are three formal kinds of the binary ''Relation'' type: Predicate, Function, and List. Predicates and Functions both denote sets of ordered n-tuples. The difference between these two Classes is that Predicates cover formula-forming operators, while Functions cover term-forming operators. A List, on the other hand, is a particular ordered n-tuple. In many of these the actual 'relation' between the Group of related entities can be pointed to by the ''hasRelation'' ObjectProperty, pointing to a defined ''ObjectProperty'' OWL 'properties' and frame-theory 'slots' are similar types, but may differ depending on the specific theory in which they are used. NOTE that in a formal sense each instance of Relation can be viewed as a set of n-tuples, an individual n-tuple but this kind of formal distinction is not represented or used in COSMO. For individual instances of reified relations, use 'RelationInstance'. NOTE: 'relationship' is used in this sense, but in WN 'relationship' only pertains to relations between people. Refer to RHW 'relationship: 1. a connection, association, or involvement. The type of connection between the two can be pointed to by an instance of'owl:ObjectProperty'' or indirectly by pointing to a ''RelationInstance'' Includes noun sense 1 of 'relation' and part of sense 3 of 'association' and noun sense 1 of 'connection' and nun sense 1 of 'link' and noun sense 1 of 'linkage' in WordNet: 1. (27) relation - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together) WN 'association': 3. (27) association - (the state of being connected together as in memory or imagination; 'his association of his father with being beaten was too strong to break') WN noun 'connection': 1. (14) connection, connexion, connectedness - (a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it); 'there was a connection between eating that pickle and having that nightmare') WN noun 'link': 1. (5) link, nexus - (the means of connection between things linked in series) WN noun 'linkage': 1. linkage - (an associative relation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConceptLinkage ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :RelationDefault a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a composite concept created as a workaround to express an inherently ternary relation, specifying the default value for a relation on instances of a class. This is similar to the notion expressed by relations starting with 'typically' or with 'typical' in the relation name, but applicable to any relation with any class. Each RelationDefault is an Insance of 'Pair', with the first element being the relation and the second element being the default value for that relation on instances of that class. This is only applicable to ObjectProperties, not to DatatypeProperties. (@ToDo: if needed, perhaps expand the domain?). See also 'DefaultValue' as another mechanism for specifying defaults. This allows expression of relations such as the SUMO 'hasDefaultValue': SUMO: An inherently ternary relation: (:hasDefaultValue ?REL ?CLASS ?VAL) is used to specify that, for every instance of a particular class, the value of the relation ?REL for every instance of class ?CLASS is ?VAL, unless it is overridden by an explicit assignment of the value. In Protege, such overrides can be accomplished by simply changing the value of the instance. For the SKIF files, we need an explicit override relation so that the condition for using the default can be described logically rather than programmatically. The override can be accomplished by using :hasDefaultValue with the subclass as argument, or, if one wants an override that cannot itself be overridden, the relation used is ':hasClassValue' NOTE: in OWL, the SUMO relation 'hasClassValue' (i.e. always has a certain value on instances of that class: see '_hasClassValue') is expressed by the normal OWL formalism of using a restriction with 'hasValue' as the value part of the restriction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:ObjectProperty ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :RelationExtendedToQuantities a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RelationExtendedToQuantities is a Relation that, when it is true on a sequence of arguments that are RealNumbers, it is also true on a sequence of ConstantQuantites with those magnitudes in some unit of measure. For example, the lessThan relation is extended to quantities. This means that for all pairs of quantities ?QUANTITY1 and ?QUANTITY2, (lessThan ?QUANTITY1 ?QUANTITY2) if and only if, for some ?NUMBER1, ?NUMBER2, and ?UNIT, ?QUANTITY1 = (MeasureFn ?NUMBER1 ?UNIT), ?QUANTITY2 = (MeasureFn ?NUMBER2 ?UNIT), and (lessThan ?NUMBER1 ?NUMBER2), for all units ?UNIT on which ?QUANTITY1 and ?QUANTITY2 can be measured. Note that, when a RelationExtendedToQuantities is extended from RealNumbers to ConstantQuantities, the ConstantQuantities must be measured along the same physical dimension. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation'/) """^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :RelationInstance :ldoce "relation" ; :wnsense "relation1n" ; :wordnet "relation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of RelationInstance is an Assertion structured as an ordered n-tuple, (an instance of List) representing one instance of a relation among two or more entities. Certain concepts in COSMO are represented as subtypes of 'RelationInstance', such as Obligation and Debt. This type is used to reify relations so that they can be discussed as an object. Each RelationInstance must have at least two arguments (role fillers). The number of arguments can be specified by the 'hasCardinalityNumber' relation, which would point to an integer which is one greater than the arity of the relation; the cardinality specifies the total number of elements in the list, which includes the relation itself. The roles (arguments) in each RelationInstance are specified by relations on each instance: 'hasRelation' points to the relation (in OWL, the Property) which relates the arguments; 'hasSubject' points to the subject as it would appear in an RDF triple; 'hasReturnValue' points to the last argument in the argument list - in an RDF triple, it is identical to the object; when a relation is a simple function, this argument will be the return value of the function. 'hasSecondArgument' points to the second argument of a relation with arity three or higher, but never to the value; 'hasThirdArgument' points to the third argument of a relation with arity four or higher, and never to the value; etc.; The ordering of the component elements (relation and arguments) in a RelationInstance does not have to be fixed, but if it does not use the format of having the relation name first and value last, it should have a mapping to that ordering (a procedure that converts one to the other) so that the relations ('hasRelation','hasReturnValue' 'hasSubject', etc.) specifying the components of the RelationInstance will have the same meaning regardless of the ordering. For example, a RelationInstance using the SKIF format will have the relation name first: (hasBirthMother PrinceWilliam PrincessDiana) This can be rendered in ESKIF with the order of the first two elements reversed: {PrinceWilliam hasBirthMother PrincessDiana} The meaning is the same in both cases, and the relations on 'RelationInstance' will return exactly the same elements in both cases. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'relation' in WordNet: 1. (27) relation - (an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractEntity, :Assertion, :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasRelation ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:ObjectProperty ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubject ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReturnValue ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Relational :pertainsTo :BloodCirculation, :CirculatorySystem ; :wnsense "relational1adj" ; :wordnet "relational" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Relational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Relation'' of any type. This attribute can modify many types of things. 'relational view of space'; 'the relational subject of this relation'; 'a relational difference between states'; 'relational database' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relational' in Wordnet: 1. relational - (having a relation or being related) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Relative :ldoce "relative" ; :wnsense "relative1adj", "relatively1adv" ; :wordnet "relative", "relatively" ; a :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Relative' is a very context-dependent AttributeValue that is a function that takes some type as an argument and returns another type that is somewhat similar to the type that is its argument, but does not have all of the qualities of the argument type; the difference from the input type is caused by a comparison with some other type. Use of this modifier means that it is possible that the situation or attribute be **even more intense** with respect to some attribute. This is the sense used in phrases such as 'did it with relative ease'; 'lived in relative comfort'. The contex that makes the type relative rather than absolute may be obscure or vague in a text, and hard to specify exactly; use of this type merely indicates that the input argument type is a default that is likely to have some overriding quality as applied to the resulting type. This same sense, when applied to AttributeValues, is expressed linguistically as 'relatively'. Examples if interpretations: Relative comfort = not uncomfortable, but not as comfortable as it could be relatively calm - calmer now that it was before , but not as calm as it could be. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relative' in WordNet: 1. (26) relative - (not absolute or complete; 'a relative stranger') WN 'relatively': 1. (39) relatively, comparatively - (in a relative manner; by comparison to something else; 'the situation is relatively calm now') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RelativeAbsence a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RelativeAbsence' is an Absence (a situation) in which the thing that is missing is not necessarily completely missing, but is present in a quantity less than some reference situation or place. This type can be used if it is uncertain whether there is or is not any of a certain thing in a certain location; there may be some or none. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StaticSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMissingThing ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericAgent :SubstanceType :EventType :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlaceOfAbsence ] . :RelativeAttribute :en "relative attribute" ; a :RelativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RelativeAttribute'' is an ''Attribute'' that is used to add semantic detail to the use of a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' by secifying some reference Object whose **average value** for that ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' is lower or less intense than that of the object being characterized by the Attribute. This is not usually needed in normal language, but may be required where there is some ambiguity. For example, a 'small house' will usually be interpreted as 'smaller than the average house' but the meaning of a ''small eye' would depend on what kind of animal or animal type one is referring to. Thus one can characterize subtypes of more general types as having attributes that differ in some respect from the parent type, using this relation to make it clear which type of thing the attribute is comparing. For example, if one wants to assert that a Man is 'tall', that is usually intended to mean that he is tall for a ''MalePerson'' (taller than the average Man), not for a ''Building''. So the relation ''hasObjectOfComparison'' is used with object ''MalePerson'' to be explicit about the type of thing whose attribute is being compared. The meaning is conveyed whether the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' being asserted is in the positive or comparative form. Using the comparative form would make the text easier for a Person to understand, but should not change the logic. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfComparison ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AttributeTypeType ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValueType ] . :RelativeAttributeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RelativeAttributeType'' is a metatype which collects subtypes of ''RelativeAttribute'' to organize them and begin systematization of the QualitativeAttributeValues that refer to magnitudes in a vague and relative manner. Large Small Big Long Short Tall High Low Heavy Light Wide Narrow Fat Thin etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeTypeType . :RelativeHumidity :wnsense "relative humidity1n" ; :wordnet "relative humidity" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RelativeHumidity'' is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere at some particular location at some particular time. For an average of such measurements over time use ''AverageHumidity''. NOTE that WN does not include 'humidity' as a label, though that is commonly used for this concept at east colloquially even if not technically. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relative humidity' in WordNet: 1. (1) relative humidity - (the ratio of the amount of water in the air at a give temperature to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature; expressed as a percentage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercentNumber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AtmosphericWaterVapor ; owl:onProperty :isaConcentrationOf ] . :RelativeHumidityGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AttributeGroup'' consisting exclusively of ''RelativeHumidity'' measures. Used to express average humidities as one element of ''Climate''. or ''AttributeType''s.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :RelativeHumidity ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :RelativeLocation :BFO "Site" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RelativeLocation is a location that is explicitly relative to something else, which may be a region or an object. All locations are ultimately 'relative' in the sense that they can only be understood by reference to a distance and/or orientation with respect to some object. However, this Type 'RelativeLocation' is intended to represent those locations that are explicitly relative to something else, in particular objects or regions that are part of some other object or region. BFO note: this apears closest to the BFO type 'Site' BFO 'site': BFO: Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape in relation to some arrangement in whole or in part by this characteristic spatial shape. Site [snap:Site] entities are entities that can be occupied by other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities. BFO: Examples: a particular room in a particular hospital, Maria's nostril or her intestines for a variety of bacteria. BFO: Comment: An instance of Site [snap:Site] is a mixture of independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities which act as surrounding environments for other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities, most importantly for instances of object [snap:Object]. A site [snap:Site] is typically made of object [snap:Object] or fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart] entities and a surrounding medium in which is found an object [snap:Object] occupying the site [snap:Site]. Independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities may be associated with others (which, then, are site [snap:Site] entities) through a relation of 'occupation'. That relation is connected to, but distinct from, the relation of spatial location. Site [snap:Site] entities are not to be confused with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. In BFO, site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space which is different from the view corresponding to the class spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] (see the comment on this class). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReferenceLocation ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType :Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :RelativePoint :ldoce "point" ; :wnsense "point2n" ; :wordnet "point" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RelativePoint' is a Location that is defined by its relation to some object(s) or to some Event; the size of the Point is indefinite, but can be a region.. 'She walked to a point where she had an unobstructed view of the island'; 'They met at a point halfway between the two towns'; 'The town is located at the point where the two rivers meet' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'point' in WordNet: 2. (22) point - (the precise location of something; a spatially limited location; 'she walked to a point where she could survey the whole street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeLocation . :RelativeQuantity :wnsense "relative quantity1n" ; :wordnet "relative quantity" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: the thing to which this quantity is 'relative' is pointed to by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relative quantity' in WordNet: 1. relative quantity - (a quantity relative to some purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, :Quantifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :RelativeState :wnsense "relative state1n", "status2n" ; :wordnet "relative state", "status" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RelativeState'' is a PersistentState that expresses the *relative* quality or status of individual objects (usually People but of any type) compared with other individual objects or with the average of other objects or with some quality that is tpical or expected or intended. There will be one subject of this state,and the compared thing can be one or many other things. This is very broad, here to collect various subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'status' in WordNet: 2. (1) condition, status - (a state at a particular time; 'a condition (or state) of disrepair'; 'the current status of the arms negotiations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfComparison ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :RelativeTime :wnsense "time5n" ; :wordnet "time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RelativeTime'' is any TimeInterval or TimePoint whose location on the Universal Time Line is specified relative to some other TemporalThing. The times 'Now', 'Tomorrow' or 'Sunday' are such RelativeTimes (represented in COSMO as subtypes of this type). A ''RelativeTime'' can also be relative to some Object or Event or Group of Events, or location for example Geological time or Greenwich Mean TIme. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 5 of 'time' in WordNet: 5. (96) time - (the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval . :RelativeTimePoint a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RelativeTimePoint is any TimePoint whose location on the Universal Time Line is specified relative to some other TemporalThing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, :TimePoint . :RelativelyEasy :isTheOppositeOf :Difficult ; :ldoce "simple" ; :wnsense "simple2adj" ; :wordnet "simple" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'Simple' referring to Actions that are sufficiently simple - in some context - that anyone with average skill in that task is able to perform the Action, though it may take some effort to do it. Not as easy as 'EasyToDo'. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'simple' in WordNet: 2. (10) elementary, simple, uncomplicated, unproblematic - - (easy and not involved or complicated; 'an elementary problem in statistics'; 'elementary, my dear Watson'; 'a simple game'; 'found an uncomplicated solution to the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Simple . :Relativity :wnsense "relativity2n" ; :wordnet "relativity" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Relativity'' is the ''Quality'' (a PersistentState) of something that needs to be interpreted 'relative' to somethiing else, i.e. it does not have an absolute fixed meaning. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'relativity' in WordNet: 2. relativity - (the quality of being relative and having significance only in relation to something else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relative ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flawlessness ; owl:onProperty :contrastsWith ] . :RelativityTheory :en "relativity theory" ; :enn "relativity theory" ; a :MoneyTenderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RelativityTheory'' is either of Einstein's theories, ''SpecialRelativity'' (which see) or 'General Relativity' (not yet represented). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScientificTheory . :Relaxed :guid "e3a60fc0-42cc-11d6-8000-0002b38bcf96" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Relaxed-Feeling ; :wnsense "relaxed1adj" ; :wordnet "relaxed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Relaxed-Feeling, who is not excited in any way - not annoyed, angry, or afraid. NOTE: In Cyc 'Relaxed' is the type of person who is calm. The COSMO treats this as an AttributeValue. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being relaxed. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relaxed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) relaxed - (without strain or anxiety; 'gave the impression of being quite relaxed'; 'a relaxed and informal discussion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Relaxed-Feeling :guid "c10073e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "relaxed1adj" ; :wordnet "relaxed" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Relaxed-Feeling is some agent's feeling of being at ease and untroubled. Instances of #$Relaxed-Feeling vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or on the subject experiencing the feeling. An important specialization of #$Relaxed-Feeling is #$Calmness-Feeling. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relaxed' in WordNet: 1. (2) relaxed - (without strain or anxiety; 'gave the impression of being quite relaxed'; 'a relaxed and informal discussion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relaxed ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Relaxing :en "resting" ; :enadj "resting" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Resting-RelaxingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :AwakeAndActive ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Relaxing'' is the attribute of an animal that is ''Awake'' but not performing any physical or strenuous mental activity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awake, :Conscious . :RelaxingAtHome a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RelaxingAtHome'' is a ''HumanRelaxingEvent'' Action in which a Human relaxes inside his/her own''Residence'', (usually sitting or lying down, sometimes standing up for brief resting periods) while awake, and does not perform any strenuous physical activity (but may talk or read). This includes any kind of relaxation - just sitting, talking to friends or family, playing games, watching TV, playing with children. In WN subtypes are to: 'sit back', 'take it easy'; or to 'vege out', 'vegetate'. All such subtype are included here. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRelaxingEvent . :Relaying a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Relaying'' is a generic Action in which some agent (which can be a Device) first receives, then causes some object (physical or abstract) to move from one location or agent to another. For non-physical objects (e.g.Information) the original location may retain the information while the second location receives a copy. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'relay' in WordNet: 1. (2) relay - (pass along; 'Please relay the news to the villagers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveying-Generic, :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :RelayingSomething :en "pass along" ; :eng "relaying" ; :env "pass along" ; :wnsense "relay1n", "relay1v" ; :wordnet "relay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RelayingSomething'' is an Action of one Person transferring something physical or abstract to another Person, (a ''ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople''), as part of some series of such transfers. NOTE: This type is used only for the second or later transfer between people, and that is represented by the restriction 'impliesPriorEventType - ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople'. Thus, if a 'relay race' has only one transfer, that transfer will not be a ''RelayingSomething'', but a ''ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'relay' in WordNet: 1. (2) relay - (pass along; 'Please relay the news to the villagers') WN noun 'relay': 1. (1) relay - (the act of passing something along from one person or group to another; 'the relay was successful') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConveyingSomethingBetweenPeople ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :ReleasingSomething :wnsense "release3n" ; :wordnet "release" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReleasingSomething'' is a generic sense of a 'release' Action in which some Agent acts to allow something - inanimate or animate - that was confined in some way in some location, to exit the place of confinement. The subtypes are more specific,as in ''ReleasingaHeldObject'' or ''ReleasingaCapturedAnimal'' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'release' in WordNet: 3. (2) release - (a process that liberates or discharges something; 'there was a sudden release of oxygen'; 'the release of iodine from the thyroid gland') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :LeavingaPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :ReleasingaCapturedAnimal :en "let go", "let go of" ; :wnsense "free1v", "liberate2v", "release1v" ; :wordnet "free", "liberate", "release" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReleasingaCapturedAnimal'' is an Action that reverses the effect of ''Capturing''. The captured Animal can be held by threat (such as a Person) rather than physical bonds, can be held directly by the captor or in a prison cell. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'release' in WordNet: 2. (6) free, liberate, release, unloose, unloosen, loose - (grant freedom to; free from confinement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReleasingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :Motion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capturing ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ] . :ReleasingaHeldObject :wnsense "freeing1n", "let go of1v", "let go1v", "liberation1n", "release1v", "release2n" ; :wordnet "freeing", "let go", "let go of", "liberation", "release" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReleasingaHeldObject'' is an Action that reverses the effect of ''HoldingAnObject''. The object does not have to be held directly in the hand - it could be held in the mouth, at the end of a gripping device, or even in the bucket of a backhoe or similar machine, but the release must be directly under the control of an animal or automaton. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'release' in WordNet: 1. (13) let go of, let go, release, relinquish - (release, as from one's grip; 'Let go of the door handle, please!'; 'relinquish your grip on the rope-you won't fall') WN noun 'release': 2. (3) liberation, release, freeing - (the act of liberating someone or something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReleasingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :Motion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :ReleasingaPrisoner :wnsense "release2v" ; :wordnet "release" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReleasingaPrisoner'' is an Action that reverses the effect of ''\"Imprisoning''. This can be for non-government agents that imprison a Person as well as the formal government imprisonment. Corresponds to part (for people) of verb sense 2 of 'release' in WordNet: 2. (6) free, liberate, release, unloose, unloosen, loose - (grant freedom to; free from confinement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReleasingaCapturedAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Imprisoning ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :Relenting :eng "relenting" ; :wnsense "relent1v", "soften3v", "yield5v" ; :wordnet "relent", "soften", "yield" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Relenting'' is a ''HaltingEvent'' in which some agent (which could be a natural force) stops or reduces the intensity of some Action that affects some object in an unpleasant or damaging manner. The ''Relenting'' action may be caused by internal processes, or (in the case of a ''Person'' that relents performing some action), as a result of external communications from other people. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'relent' in WordNet: 1. (3) yield, relent, soften - (give in, as to influence or pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HaltingEvent . :Relentless :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :Forgiving ; :wnsense "grim1adj", "inexorable1adj", "relentless1adj", "stern2adj", "unappeasable1adj", "unforgiving2adj", "unrelenting1adj" ; :wordnet "grim", "inexorable", "relentless", "stern", "unappeasable", "unforgiving", "unrelenting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Relentless'' is an AttributeValue that characterizes people or their actions when the actor refuses to give up in spite of difficulties or opposition. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relentless' in Wordnet: 1. (2) grim, inexorable, relentless, stern, unappeasable, unforgiving, unrelenting - (not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty; 'grim determination'; 'grim necessity'; 'Russia's final hour, it seemed, approached with inexorable certainty'; 'relentless persecution'; 'the stern demands of parenthood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Relentlessly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Relentless ; :pertainsTo :Action ; :wnsense "relentlessly1adv", "unrelentingly1adv" ; :wordnet "relentlessly", "unrelentingly" ; a :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'relentlessly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) relentlessly, unrelentingly - (in a relentless manner; 'he worked relentlessly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Relevant :isTheOppositeOf :Irrelevant ; :wnsense "relevant1adj" ; :wordnet "relevant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Relevant'' is an attribute of information or information objects that has some 'relevance' to a situation, that is, it can affect how an agent responds to the situation. If it is very important, it may be ''Crucial''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'relevant' in WordNet: 1. (11) relevant - (having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue; 'the scientist corresponds with colleagues in order to learn about matters relevant to her own research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pertinent, :Related . :Reliability :wnsense "dependability1n", "dependableness1n", "reliability1n", "reliableness1n" ; :wordnet "dependability", "dependableness", "reliability", "reliableness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reliability'' is a subtype of ''Responsibleness'' whose holders can be 'relied on', i.e. expected to perform Actions that they say they will. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reliability' in WordNet: 1. (2) dependability, dependableness, reliability, reliableness - (the quality of being dependable or reliable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Responsibleness . :Reliable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :RelyingOn ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :RelyingOn ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :RelyingOn ; :wnsense "dependable1adj", "dependable2adj", "reliable1adj", "reliable3adj" ; :wordnet "dependable", "reliable" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Reliable is an Attribute of a something that can be depended on in some way (a person, an animal, a machine, a report, the weather or other force of nature, or the consequence of some Event) that can be expected to be or do what is expected or promised, or to achieve the effect desired by or promised to another person. 'Reliable' describes both a Person's attitude toward obligations to other people, and to that person's ability to fulfill those obligations. For a more intensive type of ''Reliable'' , restricted to people, use ''Trustworthy''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'reliable' in WordNet: 1. (10) reliable, dependable - (worthy of reliance or trust; 'a reliable source of information'; 'a dependable worker') 3. (1) dependable, honest, reliable, true - (worthy of being depended on; 'a dependable worker'; 'an honest working stiff'; 'a reliable source of information'; 'he was true to his word'; 'I would be true for there are those who trust me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Reliably :en "with certainty", "without fail" ; :enadv "with certainty", "without fail" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Reliable ; :wnsense "dependably1adv", "faithfully1adv", "reliably1adv" ; :wordnet "dependably", "faithfully", "reliably" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'reliably' in Wordnet: 1. (1) faithfully, dependably, reliably - (in a faithful manner; 'it always came on, faithfully, like the radio') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Relief :guid "bd58a14a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "relief1n" ; :wordnet "relief" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Emotion aroused by the removal or lightening of something oppressive, distressing, or painful. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. COSMO 'Relief-Feeling' note: to be relieved does not mean that one has become completely comfortable, just less uncomfortable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relief' in WordNet: 1. (12) relief, alleviation, assuagement - (the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced; 'as he heard the news he was suddenly flooded with relief') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :Relieved :isAnAttributeValueOf :PainOrAche, :Person, :Sorrow, :WorrisomeSituation, :Worry ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Relief ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Relieving ; :wnsense "alleviated1adj", "eased1adj", "relieved1adj" ; :wordnet "alleviated", "eased", "relieved" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a ''Person'' that has experienced a ''Relieving'' Action that lessens some burdensome pressure or concern. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'relieved' (pertains to the ''Person'' relieved as well as the burden lessened) in Wordnet: 1. (5) alleviated, eased, relieved - ((of pain or sorrow) made easier to bear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Reliever :wnsense "backup man1n", "backup2n", "fill-in1n", "relief4n", "reliever1n", "stand-in1n", "substitute3n" ; :wordnet "backup", "backup man", "fill-in", "relief", "reliever", "stand-in", "substitute" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reliever'' is a Person who temporarily takes over for (replaces) another Person for any reason, usually to allow the person relieved to perform some other activity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reliever' in WordNet: 1. stand-in, substitute, relief, reliever, backup, backup man, fill-in - (someone who takes the place of another (as when things get dangerous or difficult); 'the star had a stand-in for dangerous scenes'; 'we need extra employees for summer fill-ins') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Substitute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasaSubstituteFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FillingInaPosition ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Relieving :wnsense "alleviate1v", "assuage3v", "palliate2v", "relieve1v" ; :wordnet "alleviate", "assuage", "palliate", "relieve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The lessening of ''Discomfort'' of any kind. This is an Event that improves the overall mental state of a Person, and achieves at minimum a ''Relief'' feeling. The ''Relief'' achieved is a ''DirectedFeeling'' and may point to the ''Concern'' that has been reduced. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relieve' in WordNet: 1. (9) relieve, alleviate, palliate, assuage - (provide physical relief, as from pain; 'This pill will relieve your headaches') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :CausingaFeeling, :DecreaseEvent, :ImprovementEvent, :StrictlyMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relief ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discomfort ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :RelievingAnAilment :en "relieving an ailment" ; :wnsense "alleviation2n", "easement2n", "easing2n", "relief9n" ; :wordnet "alleviation", "easement", "easing", "relief" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RelievingAnAilment'' is a type of ''Relieving'' in which the negative effects of some ''AilmenCondition'' are reduced. Includes the 'ailment' part of the WN synset, but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'alleviation' (this includes possibly mitigating or relieving the underlying cause of the ailment) in WordNet: 2. easing, easement, alleviation, relief - (the act of reducing something unpleasant (as pain or annoyance); 'he asked the nurse for relief from the constant pain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relieving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentType ] . :RelievingPain :en "pain relief", "relieving pain" ; :wnsense "comfort2v", "ease2v" ; :wordnet "comfort", "ease" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RelievingPain'' is a type of ''RelievingAnAilment'' in which a ''Pain'' is reduced. The restriction specifies that ''PainOrAche'' is relieved. If some more specific kind of pain is relieved, a subtype of this type can be created for that. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'ease' in WordNet: 2. (4) comfort, ease - (lessen pain or discomfort; alleviate; 'ease the pain in your legs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelievingAnAilment, :RelievingSuffering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PainOrAche ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :RelievingSuffering :en "relieve suffering", "relieving suffering" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RelievingSuffering'' is a type of ''Relieving'' in which the negative effects of some distress-causing difficulty - physical, medical, financial, are reduced. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relieving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suffering ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :Religion :guid "bd59021d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "faith", "religion" ; :wnsense "faith1n", "religion1n" ; :wordnet "faith", "religion" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all religions or equivalent sets of beliefs that answer the 'big questions' about creation, existence, etc. Some elements of this are: #$AnimistReligion, #$Catholicism, #$Buddhism, etc. NOTE: for the formal systematic statements of the accepted beliefs of some ''Religion'' use ''ReligiousDoctrine''. COSMO: various definitions of Religion have been proposed. For COSMO the essential core of a religion is a set of beliefs that attribute at least some of the events in this world to beings or forces other than physical processes that are susceptible at least in theory to reproducible experimental or observation confirmation. A belief system that considers people (or other living things) to have a soul that is more than the manifestation of physical processes in the body would be a religion by this definition. NOTE that a religion does not hae to believe in one or more gods. Other definitions: a system of beliefs usually involving the worship of supernatural forces or beings. a set of ideas, beliefs, practices, rituals, etc. through which a people relates to supernatural powers - whether those powers are impersonal 'forces', spirits, or 'gods.' a framework of beliefs relating to supernatural or superhuman beings or forces that transcend the everyday material world. the codification of values, beliefs and behaviors in a society with a transcendent element; Theology is 'ideology' with recourse to the supernatural. Religion can be manifested as a type of ideology, forms the basis of group identity, is associated with 'code' books, is practiced in localized populations, contributes to ideas of social justice, can be mobilized in support of political violence, and is useful in negotiation and peacemaking efforts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religion' and sense 1 'faith' in WordNet: 1. (18) religion, faith, religious belief - (a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny; 'he lost his faith but not his morality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousBeliefs, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousDoctrine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Religious :ldoce "religious" ; :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Religion :ReligiousPerson :ReligiousEvent :ReligiousStructure :ReligiousIcon :ReligiousOrganization :ReligiousClothing :Spirituality ) ] ; :wnsense "religious1adj", "spiritual1adj" ; :wordnet "religious", "spiritual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of some type or instance that relates that type of instance to Religion or religious practices or religious organizations in some way; of or pertaining to Religion. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'religious' in WordNet: 1. (10) religious, spiritual - (concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church; 'religious texts'; 'a member of a religious order'; 'lords temporal and spiritual'; 'spiritual leaders'; 'spiritual songs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ReligiousAgnostic :guid "c06ff570-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "agnostic2n" ; :wordnet "agnostic" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who are uncertain as to whether or not there are #$Gods. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'agnostic' in WordNet: 2. agnostic - (a person who claims that they cannot have true knowledge about the existence of God (but does not deny that God might exist)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonReligiousPerson . :ReligiousBeliefs :en "religious beliefs" ; :enn "religious beliefs" ; :guid "bda75c6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all religions or equivalent sets of beliefs that answer the 'big questions' about creation, existence, etc. Some instances of this are: #$AnimistReligion, #$Catholicism, #$Buddhism, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeliefSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Religious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ReligiousBuilding :en "religious building" ; :guid "bd58f44b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "temple" ; :wnsense "temple1n" ; :wordnet "temple" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Building which is intended to be used for religious worship. This class covers churches, temples, mosques, religious shrines, pagan temples, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'temple' in WordNet: 1. (6) temple - (place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :ConstructionArtifact, :HumanLargeGroupOccupationConstruct, :ReligiousStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worshipping ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :ReligiousCeremony :guid "bd58b98a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "religious ceremony1n" ; :wordnet "religious ceremony" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Generalized religious service, like with a priest or rabbi and congregation. Not a religious obligation or solitary activity like praying or fasting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious ceremony' in WordNet: 1. religious ceremony, religious ritual - (a ceremony having religious meaning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceremony, :ReligiousEvent . :ReligiousClothing a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReligiousClothing'' is any item or set of ''Clothing'' that is typically or mostly worn by religious people or to express religious sentiment. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, :FoldableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Religious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ReligiousConversion :wnsense "convert3v", "convert5v" ; :wordnet "convert" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReligiousConversion'' is a ''ChangingaBelief'' that is caused by a ''PreachingaReligion''Action. NOTE: @ToDo: this is for the intransitive sense of a person changing a Belief. The WN sense 5 is transitive, but that is not yet (rev1495) properly disentangled at this point, as WN does not have the 'attempt' sense at this level of specificity. More detail needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'convert' in WordNet: 3. (3) convert - (change religious beliefs, or adopt a religious belief; 'She converted to Buddhism') 5. (1) convert - (cause to adopt a new or different faith; 'The missionaries converted the Indian population') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingaBelief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreachingaReligion ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Religion ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BornAgain ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :ReligiousCulture :guid "c10f57d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HumanCulture, each instance of which is a culture defined at least in part by the fact that its core participants are followers of a particular religion, sect, or religious cult and thus share various religious beliefs and engage in various religious practices. For example, there are instances of #$ReligiousCulture associated with #$ProtestantReligion and #$SunniIslam.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Culture . :ReligiousDenomination :guid "c09187e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "denomination1n" ; :wordnet "denomination" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc this is a subtype of Religion; in COSMO, a subtype of ReligiousGroup. Different usage from in Cyc, but focus is on subgroups of a major identified religion. Cyc: The collection of all instances of #$Religion which are variations of a more general religion which adherents of the #$ReligiousDenomination regard as their #$Religion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'denomination' in WordNet: 1. (10) denomination - (a group of religious congregations having its own organization and a distinctive faith) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReligiousGroup ] . :ReligiousDoctrine :wnsense "church doctrine1n", "creed1n", "creed2n", "gospel4n", "religious doctrine1n" ; :wordnet "church doctrine", "creed", "gospel", "religious doctrine" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :MentalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious doctrine' in WordNet: 1. religious doctrine, church doctrine, gospel, creed - (the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhilosophicalSchool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Religion ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :ReligiousEvent :en "religious event" ; :enn "religious event" ; :guid "c1422326-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of human activities. Each instance of #$ReligiousEvent is an occurrence which has religious significance. In SUMO 'ReligiousProcess' documentation suggests multiperson and organized, but this is the closest concept to the Cyc ReligiousEvent, which can be individual. In SUMO 'Praying' is a 'ReligiousProcess', so it is assumed that in spite of the SUMO documentation, a COSMO 'ReligiousEvent' can in fact be an individual activity. SUMO: An OrganizationalProcess that is carried out within or by a ReligiousOrganization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sermon ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousBeliefs ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ] . :ReligiousFigure :guid "bda249d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "figure" ; :wnsense "figure5n" ; :wordnet "figure" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Persons (some probably fictional, some probably not) whose lives (or the perception thereof) have played a central role in the development and tenets of some religion. Positive examples include #$Mary-MotherOfJesus, #$MartinLuther-ReligiousFigure, Buddah, and Mohammed. Negative examples include specific Popes (generally, St. Peter being an exception), cult leaders (e.g., Jim Jones, David Koresh), and most religious leaders. SUMO: A well-known leader of a religious group. Corresponds to part of sense 5 of 'figure' in WordNet: 5. (13) name, figure, public figure - (a well-known or notable person; 'they studied all the great names in the history of France'; 'she is an important figure in modern music') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HistoricTemporalThing, :InfluentialPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Holy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ReligiousForeheadMark a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ReligiousForeheadMark' is a ''Spot'' that is from 1 to 3 cm, placed intentionally on the skin of the forehead of Person as a symbol of some religious belief. The ''AshWednesdayCross'' in Catholics and the ''Bindi'' in hindus are examples. (?others?) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMarking, :Spot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forehead ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :ReligiousGroup :en "religious group" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BeliefGroup whose beliefs (i.e. those relevant to placing them in this category) derive from a Religion. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeliefGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :believes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Religion :BeliefType ) ] ] . :ReligiousHeadOfCountry :guid "bd588dfc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The religious head of country of a nation" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :ReligiousPerson . :ReligiousHoliday :guid "c0fdf861-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "holy day1n", "religious holiday1n" ; :wordnet "holy day", "religious holiday" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc, a Holiday is an Event, but in COSMO (and SUMO) it is a time interval (which can be longer than one day). The Cyc interpretation as an Event is not followed here. Cyc: A specialization of both #$ReligiousEvent and #$Holiday. Each instance of #$ReligiousHoliday is a holiday observed by some religious tradition. Note that individuals may observe or otherwise participate in some instances of #$ReligiousHoliday even if they are not members of the associated #$Religion. Notable specializations of #$ReligiousHoliday include #$ChristianHoliday, #$JewishHoliday, and #$IslamicHoliday. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'religious holiday' (can be longer than one day) in WordNet: 1. religious holiday, holy day - (a day specified for religious observance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HolidayTime . :ReligiousIcon :guid "da16ca46-6943-41d7-9911-8bb5824439c1" ; :wnsense "icon3n", "ikon2n" ; :wordnet "icon", "ikon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a PhysicalObject, not an abstract image. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'icon' in WordNet: 3. icon, ikon - (a conventional religious painting in oil on a small wooden panel; venerated in the Eastern Church) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Painting . :ReligiousLeader :wnsense "religious leader1n" ; :wordnet "religious leader" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousLeader'' is any ''Person'' who is believed to be an authority on religious matters by some ''ReligiousGroup''. NOTE: the ''ReligiousGroup'' does not have to be a formal 'order' it could be any group, as small as a cult. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious leader' in WordNet: 1. religious leader - (leader of a religious order) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leader, :ReligiousPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReligiousGroup ] . :ReligiousMartyr :wnsense "martyr2n" ; :wordnet "martyr" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousMartyr'' is a Person who is killed because shhe refuses to do some Action against hisher religious beliefs. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'martyr' in WordNet: 2. martyr - (one who voluntarily suffers death as the penalty for refusing to renounce their religion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Martyr . :ReligiousMovement :wnsense "religious movement1n" ; :wordnet "religious movement" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousMovement''is a ''SocialMovement'' (GroupOfPeople) that is motivated primarily by religious convictions and dogmas, acting to achieve goals inspired by religious beliefs.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious movement' in WordNet: 1. religious movement - (a movement intended to bring about religious reforms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousGroup, :SocialMovement . :ReligiousMusic :wnsense "church music1n", "religious music1n" ; :wordnet "church music", "religious music" ; a :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReligiousMusic'' is a type of ''Music'' that is typically sung at religious ceremonies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious music' in WordNet: 1. religious music, church music - (genre of music composed for performance as part of religious ceremonies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music . :ReligiousMusicGenre :guid "5d8d1b7e-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :GenreType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The Collection of instances of #$MusicalComposition that are in the religious style or genre. This WN synset is used for the ''ReligiousMusicGenre'', though it is used in COSMO for the actual ''ReligiousMusic''. Need to reglarize relation between Genre and the Classes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious music' in WordNet: 1. religious music, church music - (genre of music composed for performance as part of religious ceremonies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Genre, :MusicalComposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousCeremony ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :ReligiousOrMoralBelief :en "religious or moral belief" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ReligiousOrMoralBelief Belief is a Belief that contains some assertion about spiritual beings or moral imperatives, often referring to some Duty or Obligation arising from the existence of those spiritual beings or moral imperatives. The basis for moral imperatives can be very vague, personal, or idiosyncratic and are therefore not possible to define precisely.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief . :ReligiousOrder :wnsense "religious order1n" ; :wordnet "religious order" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: a ''ReligiousOrder'' may be fully approved (and usually is) by the main religious group to which it claims adherence, so it is not a ''Sect'' that is dissociated from the main body. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'religious order' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sect, religious sect, religious order - (a subdivision of a larger religious group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousGroup . :ReligiousOrderMember :wnsense "religious1n" ; :wordnet "religious" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousOrderMember'' is a Person belonging to a ''ReligiousOrder'' regardless of where that Person resides or is stationed. NOTE that the WN gloss requires that the ''ReligiousOrderMember'' take vows, but not all orders require that, especially in the Eastern Orthodox church. Corresponds most closely to (but is broader than) noun sense 1 of 'religious' in WordNet: 1. religious - (a member of a religious order who is bound by vows of poverty and chastity and obedience) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousOrder ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :ReligiousOrganization :guid "bd58db04-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$BeliefSystemFocusGroup. Each instance of #$ReligiousOrganization is an organization whose members share religious beliefs and participate in meetings, rituals, or practices related to those beliefs. Religious organizations include #$LocalReligiousCongregations such as local churches, temples, mosques and shrines (qua organizations), as well as worldwide religious organizations such as the #$RomanCatholicChurch. SUMO: An Organization whose members share a set of religious beliefs.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IdeologicalOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasAssociatedGroupType ] . :ReligiousPerson :guid "bd58f819-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "believer2n", "religious person1n", "worshiper2n", "worshipper1n" ; :wordnet "believer", "religious person", "worshiper", "worshipper" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who is identified with a Religion, though the affiliation may be only nominal. Not necessarily a true believer. CYC: Any person who is a member of some Religion. A believer by default. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious person' in WordNet: 1. religious person - (a person who manifests devotion to a deity) WN noun 'believer': 2. (1) believer, worshiper, worshipper - (a person who has religious faith) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believer . :ReligiousRelic :en "relic", "religious relic" ; a :ObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousRelic''may be either a BodyPart of some Saint or something that a Saint has touched. No WN sysnset covers this directly. in RHW: RHW 'relic': 6. Eccles. (esp. in the Roman Catholic and Greek churches) the body, a part of the body, or some personal memorial of a saint, martyr, or other sacred person, preserved as worthy of veneration. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SacredObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saint ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :ReligiousRitual :wnsense "ritual2n" ; :wordnet "ritual" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Ritual that is motivated by a ReligiousBelief and is expected (in tradition) to have some significance to a person's spiritual life. This is an action as viewed from the perspective of an individual - each individual pparticipating in a ReligiousRitual, whether alone or in a group, is considered as performing that ritual. Thus a Catholic going to mass is performing a ReligiousRitual, as is the priest celebrating the mass at the altar. NOTE: a Ritual differs from a SocialRitual in that a Ritual may be performed by only one person, e.g. bedtime prayers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ritual' in WordNet: 2. (4) ritual - (the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousCeremony, :Ritual . :ReligiousSchool :wnsense "religious school1n" ; :wordnet "religious school" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious school' in WordNet: 1. religious school - (a school run by a religious body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PrivateSchool ; owl:disjointWith :PublicSchool . :ReligiousSeason :en "religious season" ; :enn "religious season" ; a :CustomType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousSeason''is any ''RecurringTimeInterval'' that lasts longer than one day that is recognized by some Religion as having special significance to their faith. This can be a fixed calendar interval or movable, depending on factors such as the lunar calendar or others. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousEvent ; owl:onProperty :commonlyHasEventType ] . :ReligiousSong :wnsense "religious song1n" ; :wordnet "religious song" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousSong'' is a ''MusicalComposition'' ( a ''ConceptualWork'') created to express religious feelings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'religious song' in WordNet: 1. religious song - (religious music for singing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Song . :ReligiousStructure :guid "bd58f44b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ConstructionArtifact which is not necessarily a whole building (it could be part of a building) that is used primarily for religious purposes - e.g. a Chapel.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact . :ReligiousSuperior :wnsense "superior2n" ; :wordnet "superior" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReligiousSuperior'' is any preson who has authority over one or more members of a religious order (nuns, priests, monks). e.g. 'Mother Superior'. RHW 'superior': 13. Eccles. the head of a monastery, convent, or the like. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'superior' in WordNet: 2. (1) superior - (the head of a religious community) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :ReligiousPerson . :ReligiouslyObservant :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :ReligiousRitual ; :ldoce "religious" ; :wnsense "observant3adj", "religious1adj" ; :wordnet "observant", "religious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of a Person who believes in and practices (to some extent) the ritual behavior expected of a believer in some formal religion. Strict observance would be a subtype of this AttributeValue (not yet represented) Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'religious' and part of adjective sense 3 of 'observant' in WordNet: 2. (3) religious - (having or showing belief in and reverence for a deity; 'a religious man'; 'religious attitude') 3. law-abiding, observant - ((of individuals) adhering strictly to laws and rules and customs; 'law-abiding citizens'; 'observant of the speed limit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Observant, :PertainingAttributeValue . :Relinquished :ened "given up", "let go of", "released", "relinquished" ; :pastPartOf "let go", "let go of", "relinquish" ; :wnsense "relinquished1adj", "surrendered1adj" ; :wordnet "relinquished", "surrendered" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A broadly applicable Attribute of things that have been effectively abandoned, discarded, or otherwise relinquished (no longer used by an agent who once used it). This includes losing control by intentional Action when an agent does not object to its being used or even possessed by another agent, but it also includes 'relinquishing' due to error or crimina activity (e.g. Forfeited' is a subtype). past participle of verb 'relinquished' and 'to let go'. See entry ''Relinquishing''. past participle of verb sense 1 of 'let go' and sense 1 of 'let go of' and senses 1 and 5 of 'relinquish' and verb sense 9 of 'free' in WordNet. 1. (6) let go of, let go, release, relinquish - (release, as from one's grip; 'Let go of the door handle, please!'; 'relinquish your grip on the rope - you won't fall') WN verb 'relinquish': 1. (9) release, relinquish, resign, free, give up - (part with a possession or right; 'I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest'; 'resign a claim to the throne') 5. let go of, let go, release, relinquish - (release, as from one's grip; 'Let go of the door handle, please!'; 'relinquish your grip on the rope-you won't fall') Coresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'relinquished' in WordNet: 2. relinquished, surrendered - (given up often unwillingly; 'a relinquishment is a piece of relinquished or abandoned land') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Relinquishing :en "giving up", "letting go of", "releasing", "relinquishing" ; :wnsense "free9v", "give up6v", "let go of1v", "let go1v", "release1v", "relinquish1v", "relinquish5v" ; :wordnet "free", "give up", "let go", "let go of", "release", "relinquish" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ An ''Action'' in which some agent relinquishes (gives up use or possession, in some sense) something. This is a very broad sense and can apply to various kinds of relinquishment and various type of things relinquished. The object of this action, after the action has the property ''Relinquished'' or some subtype of that property (abandoned, discarded, freed, released). (see the restriction) Includes verb sense 1 of 'let go' and sense 1 of 'let go of' and senses 1 and 5 of 'relinquish' and verb sense 9 of 'free' in WordNet: 1. (6) let go of, let go, release, relinquish - (release, as from one's grip; 'Let go of the door handle, please!'; 'relinquish your grip on the rope - you won't fall') WN verb 'relinquish': 1. (9) release, relinquish, resign, free, give up - (part with a possession or right; 'I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest'; 'resign a claim to the throne') 5. let go of, let go, release, relinquish - (release, as from one's grip; 'Let go of the door handle, please!'; 'relinquish your grip on the rope-you won't fall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImpartingAnAttribute, :LosingControlOfAControlledObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relinquished ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Relinquishment :wnsense "relinquishing2n", "relinquishment2n" ; :wordnet "relinquishing", "relinquishment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Relinquishment'' is a ''QuittingAction'' ('ceasing' to do something) in which the Agent chooses to stop trying to do something that the Agent had expected to accomplish some desirable goal; stopping some Action with ''Regret'' that it could not be accomplished. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'relinquishment' in WordNet: 2. relinquishment, relinquishing - (the act of giving up and abandoning a struggle or task etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuittingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Regret ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Reliving :eng "reliving" ; :wnsense "live over1v", "relive1v" ; :wordnet "live over", "relive" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reliving'' is to 'Experience'' a situation similar to one previously experienced, often only in the imagination, but commonly by revisiting a place where some vivid ''Experience''occurred, or by getting together for a while with people who participated in a fondly remembered event. A ''Reliving'' may not be pleasant, especialy when it is a vivid recall (usually involuntary) of a prior traumatic experience. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'relive' in WordNet: 1. (1) relive, live over - (experience again, often in the imagination; 'He relived the horrors of war') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Experience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Experience ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Relocating :wnsense "relocate1v" ; :wordnet "relocate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'relocate' in WordNet: 1. relocate - (become established in a new location; 'Our company relocated to the Midwest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :GroupOfPeople :Person :GroupType :PersonType :OrganizationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Residence :PlaceOfBusiness :LocationType ) ] ] . :Relocation :wnsense "move2n", "relocation2n" ; :wordnet "move", "relocation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Relocation'' represents the intransitive Action of some Person, Group, or Business to change the place where they live or do business. This can be done by a Government agency. The more specific changing of a Person's residence is represented by subtype ''ChangeOfResidence''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'relocation' in WordNet: 2. move, relocation - (the act of changing your residence or place of business; 'they say that three moves equal one fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :PersonType :Business ) ] ] . :Reluctance :wnsense "hesitancy1n", "hesitancy2n", "indisposition2n", "reluctance2n" ; :wordnet "hesitancy", "indisposition", "reluctance" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reluctance'' is a level of ''Fear'' that is less intense than ''Timidity'', arising from a perception that the action for which they feel ''Reluctance' presents some degree of risk. NOTE: 'disinclination' is broken out as a subtype, to distinguish 'Disinclined' fro 'reluctant' - to add a reson for the'disinclined' subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reluctance' in WordNet: 2. reluctance, hesitancy, hesitation, disinclination, indisposition - (a certain degree of unwillingness; 'a reluctance to commit himself'; 'his hesitancy revealed his basic indisposition'; 'after some hesitation he agreed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reluctant ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Reluctant :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Reluctance ; :wnsense "reluctant2adj", "reluctant3adj" ; :wordnet "reluctant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Reluctance'', a Feeling that makes one reluctant to perform an action that may be risky.. includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'reluctant' in WordNet: 2. (2) reluctant - (unwilling to become involved; 'they were usually reluctant to socialize'; 'reluctant to help') 3. (1) reluctant - (not eager; 'foreigners stubbornly uneager to accept our ways'; 'fresh from college and uneager for the moment to marry him'; 'reluctant to help') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Afraid . :Reluctantly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Reluctant ; :wnsense "reluctantly1adv" ; :wordnet "reluctantly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reluctantly'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions to indicate that they were performed with ''Reluctance'' by the actor, i.e. the Actor was ''Reluctant'' to perform the Action. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'reluctantly' in WordNet: 1. (5) reluctantly - (with reluctance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :RelyingOn :en "bank on" ; :ldoce "depend" ; :wnsense "bank8v", "depend on2v", "dependance2n", "dependence1n", "dependency1n", "rely on1v", "rely1v" ; :wordnet "bank", "depend on", "dependance", "dependence", "dependency", "rely", "rely on" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RelyingOn' is a 'Depending' in which some Agent requires the assistance of another Agent,or the existence of a certain Situation in order to perform some Action - perhaps even to continue living. This sense is broader than the WordNet sense. (one can 'rely on' the weather) This corresponds approximately to both verb sense 2 of 'depend on' and verb sense 1 of 'rely on' and verb sense 1 of 'rely' in WordNet: 2. depend on, rely on - (be dependent on, as for support or maintenance; 'elderly parents often depend on their adult children') WN verb 'rely': 1. (1) trust, swear, rely, bank - (have confidence or faith in; 'We can trust in God'; 'Rely on your friends'; 'bank on your good education'; 'I swear by my grandmother's recipes') WN noun 'dependence' 1. (6) dependence, dependance, dependency - (lack of independence or self-sufficiency) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ] . :Remaining :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BeingLeftOver, :RemainingInaLocation ; :wnsense "left over1adj", "left2adj", "leftover1adj", "odd6adj", "remaining1adj", "unexpended2adj" ; :wordnet "left", "left over", "leftover", "odd", "remaining", "unexpended" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Remaining''is the attribute of Objects (including mental objects, like items on a ''ToDoList'') that have not 'gone' in any sense - moved away physically, disappeared from memory, having been used up or been destroyed or otherwise rendered nonexistent in some place or context. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'remaining' in WordNet: 1. (3) leftover, left over, left, odd, remaining, unexpended - (not used up; 'leftover meatloaf'; 'she had a little money left over so she went to a movie'; 'some odd dollars left'; 'saved the remaining sandwiches for supper'; 'unexpended provisions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extant . :RemainingInaLocation :ldoce "remain", "stay" ; :wnsense "remain2v", "stay on1v", "stay put1v", "stay2v", "stick around2v", "stick2v" ; :wordnet "remain", "stay", "stay on", "stay put", "stick", "stick around" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState in which some Object remains in some location. If the object rests and stays still in some location, use the subtype StayingStill'. A person staying in a room and moving around is 'RemainingInalocation' but not 'StayingStill' NOTE: This differs from the more generic 'NonEvent' only in that RemainingInaLocation specifies that some Objecst continued to be in some specific location,rather than continuing to have some attribute. For staying in some state or situation, use 'StayingInaState'. For being left over after other parts of an object or group have left or been taken away or been consumed, use 'BeingLeftOver'. These senses of 'remaining' are not necessarily disjoint, and may describe different views of the same situation. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'stay' and part of sense 2 of 'remain' in WordNet: WN 'remain': 2. (40) stay, stay on, continue, remain - (continue in a place, position, or situation; 'After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser'; 'Stay with me, please'; 'despite student protests, he remained Dean for another year'; 'She continued as deputy mayor for another year') WN 'stay' 2. (32) stay, stick, stick around, stay put - (stay put (in a certain place); 'We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati'; 'Stay put in the corner here!'; 'Stick around and you will learn something!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingLeftOver, :NonEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConstantAttributeOrLocation ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ] . :RemainingPart :en "remaining things", "what is left over" ; :wnsense "balance6n", "leftover1n", "remainder1n", "remnant1n", "residual1n", "residue2n", "residuum1n", "rest1n" ; :wordnet "balance", "leftover", "remainder", "remnant", "residual", "residue", "residuum", "rest" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RemainingPart' of an Object is a ProperPart of that Object that is still Extant at some particular time in some particular place or for some particular purpose.. @ToDo: NOTE that when an Object is intentionally divided into parts as by carving a solid block of material, the remaining part could be the 'carving' produced or the chips of material carved off. Either of these could be significant (gold or silver chips remaining from manufacturing or polishing jewelry have value and are retained), and there should be a way to distinguish these. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remainder' in WordNet: 1. (8) remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum, rest - (something left after other parts have been taken away; 'there was no remainder'; 'he threw away the rest'; 'he took what he wanted and I got the balance') WN noun 'leftover': 1. leftover, remnant - (a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remaining ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeingLeftOver ] . :RemainingTimeInterval a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RemainingTimeInterval'' is the ''TimeInterval'' (starting ''Now'') that continues until some ''Deadline'' (a ''TimePoint'') The measure of this interval answers how much time is left?' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Now ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deadline ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingTimePoint ] . :Remains :wnsense "remains1n" ; :wordnet "remains" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'Remains' is the object that was once a living organism - plant or animal. It can be a fresh corpse, or the skeleton in an old grave, or a fossilized skeleton of an ancient animal, or the ashes of a person from a cremation. The remains that have not been vaporized persist indefinitely, even though they may become widely dispersed, and part of them have become part of another animal. In practice, the only remains that are likely to be reified in a knowledge base are corpses, skeletons, fossils, or ashes retained in some container, but for precision it is allowable to talk about the 'existence' of remains of a person that were ashes and have been dispersed widely over an ocean. This representation of 'Remains' is adopted, in addition to uses for corpses and ashes, so that a 'Person' (a 'PhysicalObject'') or other animal can be represented and discussed logically as a Person even though it is long dead. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'remains' in Wordnet: 2. cadaver, corpse, stiff, clay, remains - (the dead body of a human being; 'the cadaver was intended for dissection'; 'the end of the police search was the discovery of a corpse'; 'the murderer confessed that he threw the stiff in the river'; 'honor comes to bless the turf that wraps their clay') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonFunctionalObject, :OrganicObject, :RemainingPart, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :wasOfType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dead ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Remarkable :en "bodacious" ; :enadj "bodacious" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Noticing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :WondrousThing ; :wnsense "notable1adj", "noteworthy1adj", "noteworthy2adj", "remarkable1adj", "remarkable2adj", "singular1adj" ; :wordnet "notable", "noteworthy", "remarkable", "singular" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Remarkable' is a property of Events or (and sometimes Objects having specific attributes or behaviors) that are not only 'Rare' but cause one to take notice and often to relate it to others. Such Events not only occur *much* less often in any given TimeInterval than is typical for the type of Event that is the basis for comparison, but are psychologically salient and worth mentioning to others. NOTE: the term 'bodacious' has one sense close to this meaning but that sense is not represented in WN: RHW adj 'bodacious': 2. remarkable; outstanding: a bodacious story. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'remarkable', and both senses of 'noteworthy' in Wordnet: 1. (13) remarkable, singular - (unusual or striking; 'a remarkable sight'; 'such poise is singular in one so young') 2. (2) noteworthy, remarkable - (worthy of notice; 'a noteworthy fact is that her students rarely complain'; 'a remarkable achievement') WN noteworthy: 1. (3) noteworthy, notable - (worthy of notice; 'a noteworthy advance in cancer research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rare, :Salient . :Remarrying :wnsense "remarry1v" ; :wordnet "remarry" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Remarrying'' is a ''Marrying'' Action of one person who performs a ''Marrying'' after the first Marriage is dissolved. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'remarry' in WordNet: 1. (1) remarry - (marry, not for the first time; 'After her divorce, she remarried her high school sweetheart') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Marrying, :Recurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marrying ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Divorce ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :RememberedThing :ldoce "memory" ; :wnsense "memory1n", "recollection3n" ; :wordnet "memory", "recollection" ; a :ObjectType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RememberedThing' is a 'Memory' that has been recalled from its storage location (in a human brain or computer memory), to some working memory (i.e. into consciusness) in the brain or computer. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'recollection' and approximately to noun sense 1 of 'memory' in WordNet, which does not distinguish between a stored memory ('Memory') and one recalled.: in WordNet: WN noun 'recollection': 3. recollection - (something recalled to the mind) WN noun 'memory' 1. (25) memory - (something that is remembered; \"search as he would, the memory was lost\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Memory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remembering ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Remembering :en "recalling", "recollecting" ; :guid "c14ee6ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "remember" ; :wnsense "call back1v", "call up3v", "memory2n", "recall1v", "recall4n", "recollect1v", "recollection2n", "remember1v", "remember2v", "remember3v", "remembering1n", "reminiscence2n", "retrieve3v", "think back1v", "think of1v" ; :wordnet "call back", "call up", "memory", "recall", "recollect", "recollection", "remember", "remembering", "reminiscence", "retrieve", "think back", "think of" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of events in which an intelligent agent **recalls*** something from long-term memory in to short-term memory. Before the remembering, the doers did not have the recalled fact in mind (in short-term memory). Afterwards, they do. The necessary prior act of storing something in memory is represented as 'PuttingIntoMemory' or its subtype 'Memorizing'; however, there is not restrction on this type requiring that the 'PuttingIntoMemory' event be represented. In COSMO Acts related to memory are divided into stages: 1. PuttingIntoMemory - acquiring a memory, short or long-term 2. HavingInMemory - having something in short term memory, or in long-term memory from which it can be recalled into short-term memory 3. Remembering - recalling something from long-term to short-term memory, i.e. bringing it from outside of current consciousness into the current consciousness. States 1 and 3 have subtypes. 'Forgetting' reverses the effect of 'PuttingIntoMemory'. WordNet sense 2 seems to include 'Memorizing' as part of its meaning - not clear. The WN sense seems to mean to put something into short-term memory. See 'Memorizing' SUMO: The Class of PsychologicalProcesses which involve the recollection of prior experiences and/or of knowledge which was previously acquired. Includes verb senses 1, 2 and 3 of 'remember' in WordNet: 1. (106) remember, retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think - (recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection; 'I can't remember saying any such thing'; 'I can't think what her last name was'; 'can you remember her phone number?'; 'Do you remember that he once loved you?'; 'call up memories') 2. (53) remember, think of - (keep in mind for attention or consideration; 'Remember the Alamo'; 'Remember to call your mother every day!'; 'Think of the starving children in India!') 3. (23) remember, think back - (recapture the past; indulge in memories; 'he remembered how he used to pick flowers') WN noun 'memory': 2. (15) memory, remembering - (the cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered; 'he can do it from memory'; 'he enjoyed remembering his father') WN noun 'recall': 4. recall, recollection, reminiscence - (the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort); 'he has total recall of the episode') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntentionalMentalEvent, :StrictlyMentalEvent . :Reminder :wnsense "reminder1n" ; :wordnet "reminder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SolidObject' usually small, that causes a person to remember something; this is general, including notes written as a reminder (e.g. on a to-do list), souvenirs of travel or other mementos (e.g. a memento mori). This does not include an Action by a person that serves as a reminder to another person. For an Action that causes remembering, use 'Reminding'. WN Other Physical Objects that serve to remind are under 'memento' and its subtypes. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'reminder' in WordNet, however that sense seems to be primarily for verbal reminders - this is the only Wn place where physical reminder notes can be included: in WordNet: 1. (3) reminder - (a message that helps you remember something; 'he ignored his wife's reminders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remembering ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reminding ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Reminding :en "reminding" ; :ldoce "remind" ; :wnsense "cue1v", "prompt3v", "remind1v", "remind2v", "reminder1n" ; :wordnet "cue", "prompt", "remind", "reminder" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Reminding' is an Event that causes an IntelligentAgent to remember (recall to short-term memory) something. A Reminding can be simply some perceived Event (as in viewing a ''Memento'') that brings to mind a Memory that was not in short-term memory, or it can be a verbal reminding by another person. 'It's a good thing I looked at the calendar, it reminded me of an appointment this afternoon.' 'I reminded him of his promise not to be so sarcastic'. For objects that can cause Remembering, use 'Reminder' and subtypes (memento, souvenir). Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'remind', and part of sense 1 of 'reminder' in WordNet: 1. (22) remind - (put in the mind of someone; 'Remind me to call Mother') 2. (13) prompt, remind, cue - (assist (somebody acting or reciting) by suggesting the next words of something forgotten or imperfectly learned) WN 'reminder': 1. (3) reminder - (a message that helps you remember something; 'he ignored his wife's reminders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remembering ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reminder ; owl:onProperty :mayBePerformedByAgent ] . :Reminiscing :eng "reminiscing" ; :wnsense "reminisce1v" ; :wordnet "reminisce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reminiscing' is an intentional remembering of past events, especially those including the Person reminiscing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reminisce' in WordNet: 1. (3) reminisce - (recall the past; 'The grandparents sat there, reminiscing all afternoon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Remembering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PastEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Retrospective ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Remodeling :guid "c1009b88-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reconstruct5v", "redo2v", "remodel1v" ; :wordnet "reconstruct", "redo", "remodel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of #$Remodeling, an agent makes some significant structural change to a #$Building in an effort to improve it. Examples include replacing the roof, siding, flooring, cabinets, etc., building or removing walls, or building additional rooms, floors, or wings. Painting, cleaning, and repairing, are NOT specs of #$Remodeling, although instances of #$Remodeling often include subevents of painting or cleaning. Remodeling should include changes to some part of the fixed structure, which includes cabinets and floor and wall coverings. Includes remodeling of homes, apartments, retail and office spaces. This can be but is not necessarily a ''Modernization'', as a ''Remodeling'' may change only the functional aspects of a Structure with minimal change to the appearance. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'remodel' in WordNet: 1. (3) remodel, reconstruct, redo - (do over, as of (part of) a house; 'We are remodeling these rooms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingCareOfSomething, :Updating . :Remorse :guid "bd58a654-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "compunction1n", "remorse1n", "self-reproach1n" ; :wordnet "compunction", "remorse", "self-reproach" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Regret, self-reproach, and suffering or guilt for past sins or wrongs. ''Remorse'' is a deep regret that includes 'Sorrow'' at having done something seriously wrong. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remorse' in WordNet: 1. (1) compunction, remorse, self-reproach - (a feeling of deep regret (usually for some misdeed)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Regret, :Sorrow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remorseful ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Remorseful :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Remorse ; :wnsense "contrite1adj", "remorseful1adj", "rueful1adj", "ruthful1adj" ; :wordnet "contrite", "remorseful", "rueful", "ruthful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'remorseful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) contrite, remorseful, rueful, ruthful - (feeling or expressing pain or sorrow for sins or offenses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sorry . :RemoteControlDevice :guid "bd594869-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "remote control1n", "remote1n" ; :wordnet "remote", "remote control" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A control device that affects a device which is some distance away from the control device and its user. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remote control' in WordNet: 1. remote control, remote - (a device that can be used to control a machine or apparatus from a distance; 'he lost the remote for his TV') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlDevice, :Device, :ManufacturedGoods, :PersonalDevice, :WirelessCommunicationDevice . :Remotely :en "to a small degree", "to a small extent" ; :enadv "to a small degree", "to a small extent" ; :wnsense "remotely2adv" ; :wordnet "remotely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Remotely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Attribute to create a phrase meaning 'a very small degree of' the Attribute. 'remotely visible'; 'only remotely likely' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'remotely' in Wordnet: 2. remotely - (to a remote degree; 'it is remotely possible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :RemovingPhysically :eng "removing", "subtracting" ; :ldoce "remove", "subtract" ; :wnsense "removal1n", "remove1v", "subtract1v", "subtraction2n" ; :wordnet "remove", "subtract", "subtraction" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which.an agent physically causes some PhysicalObject or part of a PhysicalObject to be moved from some location to another, by carrying or pushing the moved object, or by extracting a part of some larger object.. This includes the forcible removal of people without their cooperation: 'The police carried the demonstrators into police vans and removed them from the site.' Removing a part of the body in surgery is also an example. For removing abstract things (money, information) use''WithdrawingAnAbstractObject''. This represents part of sense 1 of 'subtract' in RHW: to withdraw or take away, as a part from a whole. sometimes used to refer to removing one object from a group. This sense is not in WordNet. Includes verb sense 1 of 'remove' and noun sense 1 of'removal' and noun sense 2 of 'subtraction; and verb sense 1 of 'subtract' in WordNet: 1. (91) remove, take, take away, withdraw - (remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; 'remove a threat'; 'remove a wrapper'; 'Remove the dirty dishes from the table'; 'take the gun from your pocket'; 'This machine withdraws heat from the environment') WN 'removal': 1. (9) removal, remotion - (the act of removing; 'he had surgery for the removal of a malignancy') WN noun 'subtraction': 2. subtraction, deduction - (the act of subtracting (removing a part from the whole); 'he complained about the subtraction of money from their paychecks') WN verb 'subtract': 1. (10) subtract, deduct, take off - (make a subtraction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, :RemovingSomething . :RemovingSnow a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RemovingSnow'' is the act of moving snow from a surface to allow access for people or vehicles. This can be done by shoveling, plowing, or using a snow-blowing device. See also ''Snowplow'' for related concepts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClearingaSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PavedSurface :LocationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snow ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrivingaRoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ] . :RemovingSomething :guid "bd588d0d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "remove" ; :wnsense "removal1n", "remove1v", "remove3v", "remove4v", "remove5v" ; :wordnet "removal", "remove" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the most general sense of 'remove' including both direct physical action on the object moved (apparently the sense of WordNet sense 1), and indirect 'removing' of people by ordering them to move their location, as well as 'removing' by actions other than causing translational motion (e.g. removing stains). This includes removing abstract Objects (like a MoneyObject) as well as PhysicalObjects or substances. The removing by direct physical causation of ''Motion'' is the subtype 'RemovingPhysically'. All other 'removings' can be represented as instances of this more general type. In all cases,something physical (including people) must be caused to be moved (usually taken away) from some specified location. **NOTE** r1523: making this a subtype of 'translation' forces assertion of a destination not needed for simple removal. Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$RemovingSomething is an event in which an agent deliberately removes one object from another object. The removed object is related to the instance of #$RemovingSomething via the predicate #$objectRemoved, while the object to which it belonged prior to its removal is related via the predicate #$objectRemaining. In different types of removals, either the #$objectRemoved or the #$objectRemaining may be destroyed, or both may survive. Specializations of #$RemovingSomething include #$Ablation, #$RemovingSomething-Translational, and #$CuttingOffAPiece. The difference between this collection and #$SeparationEvent is that instances of #$RemovingSomething are purposeful actions, while instances of #$SeparationEvent need not be purposeful. SUMO (Removing) The Class of Processes where something is taken away from a location. Note that the thing removed and the location are specified with the CaseRoles patient and origin, respectively. Includes verb senses 1, 3, 4, and part of 5 of 'remove' and noun sense 1 of'removal' in WordNet: 1. (91) remove, take, take away, withdraw - (remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; 'remove a threat'; 'remove a wrapper'; 'Remove the dirty dishes from the table'; 'take the gun from your pocket'; 'This machine withdraws heat from the environment') 3. (4) get rid of, remove - (dispose of; 'Get rid of these old shoes!'; 'The company got rid of all the dead wood') 4. (3) take out, move out, remove - (cause to leave; 'The teacher took the children out of the classroom') 5. (3) remove, transfer - (shift the position or location of, as for business, legal, educational, or military purposes; 'He removed his children to the countryside'; 'Remove the troops to the forest surrounding the city'; 'remove a case to another court') WN 'removal': 1. (9) removal, remotion - (the act of removing; 'he had surgery for the removal of a malignancy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ] . :RemovingaFluid a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RemovingaFluid'' is an Event in which some quantity of a ''FluidSubstance'' is removed from some SOlidObjec that had some of that FluidSubstance absorbed or adsorbed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaporating, :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ] . :RemovingaGroundSurface :en "removing a ground surface" ; :enn "removing a ground surface" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RemovingaGroundSurface''is an ''AbradingaSurface'' in which the surface changed is part of the ''Ground'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingaSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :RemovingaRestriction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RemovingaRestriction'' is an Action in which.an agent removes or rescinds a Rule that is a restriction on some kind of Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingSomething . :Remuneration :wnsense "remuneration2n" ; :wordnet "remuneration" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Remuneration'' is ''Compensation'' for work done. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'remuneration' in WordNet: 2. remuneration - (the act of paying for goods or services or to recompense for losses; 'adequate remuneration for his work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compensation, :PaymentAmount, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :WorkingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaQuidForQuo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:WorkingEvent :ServiceEventType ) ] ] . :Renaissance :wnsense "Renaissance2n", "Renascence3n", "rebirth2n" ; :wordnet "Renaissance", "Renascence", "rebirth" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Renaissance'' is a ''Restoring'' of some knowledge or culture that had been lost or suppressed over some period of years. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'renaissance' in WordNet: 2. (1) rebirth, Renaissance, Renascence - (the revival of learning and culture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Revitalization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingCulturalHeritage ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingCulturalHeritage ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :RenderedMusically :en "musically rendered", "rendered" ; :enadj "musically rendered", "rendered" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MusicalRendition ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Rendering :wnsense "render11v", "render5v" ; :wordnet "render" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Rendering'' is a very heterogeneous collection of concepts expressed as 'render', including 'giving' and creating a representation of something. The restriction ''hadThingTransferred'' can specify what was 'rendered' (tranferring), concrete or abstract, Includes parts of verb senses 3, 5, 9, 11, and 12 of 'render' in WordNet: 3. (3) interpret, render - (give an interpretation or rendition of; 'The pianist rendered the Beethoven sonata beautifully') 5. (1) render, deliver, return - (pass down; 'render a verdict'; 'deliver a judgment') 11. give, render - (bestow; 'give homage'; 'render thanks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :AbstractEntity :ValuableThing ) ] ] . :Rendezvous :wnsense "rendezvous1n", "rendezvous1v" ; :wordnet "rendezvous" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rendezvous' in WordNet: 1. (3) rendezvous - (a meeting planned at a certain time and place) WN verb 'rendezvous': 1. rendezvous - (meet at a rendezvous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meeting, :PlannedAction . :Renewable :isAnAttributeValueOf :Agreement ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Deciding ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Deciding ; :wnsense "renewable1adj" ; :wordnet "renewable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes ''RenewableEnergy''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'renewable' in Wordnet: 1. renewable - (that can be renewed or extended; 'a renewable lease'; 'renewable subscriptions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RenewableEnergy :en "renewable energy" ; :enn "renewable energy" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RenewableEnergy'' is any form of ''PotentialEnergy'' that is contained in natural resources that are replenished and effectively inexhaustible though it has some theoretical maximum limits. No WN sense for 'renewable energy': RHW: any naturally occurring, theoretically inexhaustible source of energy, as biomass, solar, wind, tidal, wave, and hydroelectric power, that is not derived from fossil or nuclear fuel. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PotentialEnergy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Renewable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Renewed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Renewing ; :wnsense "renewed1adj" ; :wordnet "renewed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Renewed'' is the attribute of something that has been successfully subjected to a ''Renewing'' Action. . Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'renewed' in WordNet: 1. (1) renewed - (restored to a new condition; 'felt renewed strength') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Renewing :eng "renewing" ; :wnsense "regenerate1v", "renew1v", "renewal2n" ; :wordnet "regenerate", "renew", "renewal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Renewing'' is a ''ReCreating'' and a ''Restoring'' that restores lost functionality in any of several ways, including replaceent of parts (for Devices) or 'RenewingaPermit'' for a 'Permission'' that is due to expire. Includes verb sense 1 of 'renew' in WordNet: 1. regenerate, renew - (reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new; 'We renewed our friendship after a hiatus of twenty years'; 'They renewed their membership') WN noun 'renewal': 2. (1) renewal - (the act of renewing) 'The snake regenerated its tail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReCreating, :Restoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :RenewingaPermit :en "renewing a license" ; :wnsense "renew1v", "renewal2n" ; :wordnet "renew", "renewal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RenewingaPermit'' is a ''Renewing'' in which the thing renewed is a ''Permission'' of some kind that has an expiration date, such as a license (driver'slicense) or passport, or work permit, or membersip, or anything else that requires the permission of some Authority and it time limited (has an ''ExpirationDate''). Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'renew' in WordNet: 1. regenerate, renew - (reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new; 'We renewed our friendship after a hiatus of twenty years'; 'They renewed their membership') WN noun 'renewal': 2. (1) renewal - (the act of renewing) 'The snake regenerated its tail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Renewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expiring ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExpirationDate ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ] . :Rennet :guid "bd58cc9b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rennet1n" ; :wordnet "rennet" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Mucous membrane from a calf's stomach, used to promote the hardening of cheese. NOTE: In RHW there are three related nuances of meaning to 'rennet': RHW: 1. the lining membrane of the fourth stomach of a calf or of the stomach of certain other young animals. 2. the rennin-containing substance from the stomach of the calf. 3. a preparation or extract of the rennet membrane, used to curdle milk, as in making cheese, junket, etc. This type represents the third meaning (the derived stuff used for curdling), even though the CYC gloss suggests that they mean the stomach itself, the CYC type is a 'substance', not an organ, so this typ is probably the intended CYC meaning. If needed, the stomach itself can be represented and a link to this type would use the relation {'Rennet' 'isDerivedFrom' the stomach}. RHW sense 2? Can't tell how it differs from sense 3. The component enzye ''Rennin'' is the main active part. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rennet' in WordNet: 1. rennet - (a substance that curdles milk in making cheese and junket) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rennin ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Rennin :wnsense "chymosin1n", "rennin1n" ; :wordnet "chymosin", "rennin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wiki dictionary: an enzyme secreted into the stomach of unweaned mammals, and in some lower animals and plants, causing the curdling of milk. Wikipedia: Renin, also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an aspartic protease protein and enzyme secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's ' renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system' also known as the 'renin/angiotensin/aldosterone axis'that mediates the volume of extracellular fluid and arterial vasoconstriction. Thus, it regulates the body's mean arterial blood pressure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rennin' in WordNet: 1. rennin, chymosin - (an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enzyme, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :BloodPressure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilkCurdling ; owl:onProperty :acceleratesOrShortens ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enzymatic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RenssalearPolytechnicInstitute :en "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute" ; a :PolytechnicSchool, :University ; rdfs:comment """ Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is a private research university in Troy, New York, with additional campuses in Hartford and Groton, Connecticut. It was established in 1824 by Stephen van Rensselaer and Amos Eaton for the 'application of science to the common purposes of life' and is the oldest technological university in the English-speaking world. Numerous American colleges or departments of applied sciences were modeled after Rensselaer. Built on a hillside, RPI's 265-acre campus overlooks the city of Troy and the Hudson River and is a blend of traditional and modern architecture. The institute operates an on-campus business incubator and the 1,250-acre Rensselaer Technology Park. """ . :Rent :en "rental" ; :ldoce "rent" ; :wnsense "rent1n" ; :wordnet "rent" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Rent' is the MoneyObject that is paid for the right to use something for some interval of time. This includes all rentals, not just for living quarters. As a MoneyObject, this would be the amount paid at some particular time, such as the rent for one month. NOTE that 'InterestPayment', though it can be thought of as a 'rent' for borrowed money, is not a subtype of this type. RHW 'rental' 1. an amount received or paid as rent. This includes fees for leasing things other than real estate but that sense does not seem to be in WordNet. A fee for 'leasing'money is 'InterestPament'. This is only vaguely related to the economic sense of'rent' in 'rent seeking'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'rent' in WordNet: 1. (6) rent - (a regular payment by a tenant to a landlord for use of some property) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicPayment . :Rentable :en "available for lease", "rentable" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Renting ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Renting ; :wnsense "rental1adj" ; :wordnet "rental" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rentable'' is an Attribute of Objects that are available for ''Renting''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rental' in Wordnet: 1. rental - (available to rent or lease; 'a rental car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Available . :RentalCar :en "rental car" ; :guid "bfbe7542-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection for rental cars. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automobile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rentable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RentalProperty :en "rental property" ; :guid "c1252533-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lease1n", "letting1n", "rental1n" ; :wordnet "lease", "letting", "rental" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Real estate or any part of RealEstate or buildings on it that can be rented, owned by a ''LandLord'' who rents that property. CYC: Real estate that is offered (to someone) for temporary occupation or use, for a fee. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rental' in WordNet: 1. lease, rental, letting - (property that is leased or rented out or let) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealEstate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandLord ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:RealEstate [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rentable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ) ] . :Rented :en "rented" ; :enadj "rented" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Renting, :RentingForPersonalUse, :RentingOutProperty, :RentingState ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rented'' is an Attribute of Objects that are temporarily possesed by a Person who has obtained it in a ''RentingForPersonalUse'' Action. There is no WN synset for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :RentedRoom :en "rented room" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A room (usually in a private residence, but not in a hotel or motel, and possibly in other types of structure) where a person lives, and which does not have both private kitchen and toilet facilities.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, :SingleResidenceUnit, :TemporaryLodgings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rented ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Renting :en "leasing", "renting" ; :guid "bd58d7bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "hire", "rent" ; :wnsense "hire2v", "hire3v", "lease2v", "rent3v", "rent4v" ; :wordnet "hire", "lease", "rent" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Renting is the *initiation phase* of a period of renting an object (a ''RentingState'') - the part where the rental agreement is reached. NOTE: In some cases, the Renting may be coordinated with a 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething', as in hiring a taxicab, where the renter directly uses the cab. To distinguish cases of renting where there is a transfer of possession, a subtype should be created. This type includes the Action from both perspectives - that of the owner of the property and also from that of the person gaining temporary use or possession. This can be used for the Act of making a rental agreement - the actual renting Actions (of which this is the starting part) continue until the lease is terminated (after all renewals). Cyc: A specialization of both #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights and #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights. Each instance of #$Renting is an event during which one agent grants to another agent the use of an object (owned or controlled by the first agent) for a period of time, in exchange for some remuneration. The schedule of payment may vary, depending upon the rental period, type of object involved, type of usage granted, and/or other considerations. The agent providing the object to rent is related to the instance of #$Renting by the predicate #$fromPossessor (q.v.); the agent paying to use the object is related to the instance of #$Renting by the predicate #$toPossessor (q.v.). Those agents enter into an #$Agreement (q.v.). Examples of #$Renting might include: Fred renting a particular apartment last year; Jane renting a car all this week; Jack renting a canoe on Saturday morning. SUMO: Giving money to the owner of an Object in exchange for the right to use the Object for a fixed time period. Corresponds to parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'hire' and sense 3 and 4 of 'rent' in WordNet, being only the part where equipment or real estate or rights is rented or leased; for hiring a person to do services use 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' or 'EmployeeHiring' in WordNet: 2. (1) rent, hire, charter, lease - (hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services) 3. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeginningOfAnEvent, :MakingAnAgreement, :MakingSomethingAvailable, :MoneyTransaction, :ServiceEvent, :TemporaryChangeOfUserRights, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRented ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :Object :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :RentingState ] . :RentingForPersonalUse :ldoce "hire", "rent" ; :wnsense "hire2v", "hire3v", "rent3v", "rent4v" ; :wordnet "hire", "rent" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RentingForPersonalUse' is a subtype of 'Renting' in which the person providing the thing rented no longer has control of the thing rented the renter 'possesses' the thing rented). This differs from 'HiringAndRenting' in which the renter both hires a person and his/her equipment to perform a task where the owner of the equipment controls the equipment while it is being used. The prototypical latter case is 'HiringaTaxiCab'. A borderline subype of this is ''RentingSpaceInaHOC'' such as renting an apartment or storefront. The ''Owner'' still ''owns'' the property, but the renter has ''Possession'' - the owner cannot use the property without permission of the renter. SUMO: Giving money to the owner of an Object in exchange for the right to use the Object for a fixed time period. Corresponds to parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'hire' in WordNet, being only the part where equipment or real estate or rights is rented or leased; for hiring a person to do services use 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' or 'EmployeeHiring' in WordNet: 2. (1) rent, hire, charter, lease - (hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services) 3. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RentingState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Possession ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :RentingOutProperty :en "leasing out", "renting out" ; :ldoce "rent" ; :wnsense "lease1v", "rent1v" ; :wordnet "lease", "rent" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RentingOutProperty''is the Action of ''Renting'' **from the perspective of the ''LandOwner''** who leases out the property to some other Agent. Includes verb senses 1 of 'rent' in WordNet: 1. (2) rent, lease - (let for money; 'We rented our apartment to friends while we were abroad') 2. (2) lease, let, rent - (grant use or occupation of under a term of contract; \"I am leasing my country estate to some foreigners\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RentingState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRented ; owl:someValuesFrom :RealEstate ] . :RentingSpaceInaHOC :ldoce "rent" ; :wnsense "rent3v" ; :wordnet "rent" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RentingSpaceInaHOC'' is a 'RentingForPersonalUse' in which the thing rented is some ''SpaceInaHOC'' (space in a 'human occupational constrution') such as an apartment or storefront or office space or a rental house. Corresponds to *part* (for space in a building) of verb sense 3 of 'rent' in WordNet: 3. (1) lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RentingForPersonalUse . :RentingState :en "leasing", "renting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Renting is the ''PersistentState'' consisting of the period during which a renter has ''Possession'' and use of something that was the object of a ''Renting'' agreement. WN does not distinguish between the making of the reantal agreement and the period of rental. This is the period of rental, which uses many of the same labels. Corresponds to parts of verb senses 2 and 3 of 'hire' and sense 3 and 4 of 'rent' in WordNet, being only the part where equipment or real estate or rights is rented or leased; for hiring a person to do services use 'HiringSomeoneToDoSomething' or 'EmployeeHiring' in WordNet: 2. (1) rent, hire, charter, lease - (hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services) 3. lease, rent, hire, charter, engage, take - (engage for service under a term of contract; 'We took an apartment on a quiet street'; 'Let's rent a car'; 'Shall we take a guide in Rome?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRented ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :RentingaVehicle :ldoce "rent" ; :wnsense "rent3v", "rent4v" ; :wordnet "rent" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RentingaVehicle'' is a 'RentingForPersonalUse' in which the thing rented is a ''RoadVehicle'' of some kind, often an automobile but possibly a van or truck. The thing rented does not come with the services of any Person, e.g. a driver. Hiring a bus and driver not an instance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RentingForPersonalUse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRented ; owl:someValuesFrom :RoadVehicle ] . :ReopeningSomething :wnsense "reopen1v" ; :wordnet "reopen" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reopen' in WordNet: 1. (3) reopen - (open again or anew; 'They reopened the theater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpeningSomething, :Recurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :OpeningSomething ] . :Reordering :wnsense "reorder1v" ; :wordnet "reorder" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rearranging'' is an ''Arranging'' of something that was in some *linear* order, and has the component objects mixed to place them in a different 'order'. Corresponds only approximately to verb sense 1 of 'reorder' (this is for a Group of physical objects) in WordNet: 1. (1) reorder - (assign a new order to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rearranging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LineOfObjects ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Reorganizing :eng "reorganizing" ; :wnsense "reorganise2v", "reorganization2n", "reorganize1v", "shake up2v" ; :wordnet "reorganise", "reorganization", "reorganize", "shake up" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Reorganizing'' is a ''Modification'' of some Organization or subunit of an Organization, and does not create a new Organization 'de novo'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reorganize' and part of noun sense in WordNet: 1. (3) reorganize, reorganise, shake up - (organize anew; 'We must reorganize the company if we don't want to go under') WN noun 'reorganization': 2. reorganization - (an extensive alteration of the structure of a corporation or government; 'after the takeover there was a thorough reorganization'; 'the reorganization was prescribed by federal bankruptcy laws') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManagementEvent, :Modification, :Organizing, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoundingAnOrganization ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organization ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Reorienting :wnsense "reorient3v" ; :wordnet "reorient" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This can be a movement of one or more SolidObjects. At least some part of an object or whole objects are moved to some new point in space. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'reorient' in WordNet: 3. reorient - (set or arrange in a new or different determinate position; 'Orient the house towards the South') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :RepairFacility :en "repair facility" ; :enn "repair facility" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A physical location, which may be a building or yard, or part of a building, where some Organization repairs devices. The Organization may be commercial or not. Dedicated repair buildings such as auto repair facilities, would be a subtype. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialFacility, :ServiceFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepairingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :RepairingEvent :appearsInAxioms """(=> (and (instance ?REPAIR Repairing) (patient ?REPAIR ?OBJ)) (exists (?DAMAGE) (and (instance ?DAMAGE Damaging) (patient ?DAMAGE ?OBJ) (earlier (WhenFn ?DAMAGE) (WhenFn ?REPAIR)))))""" ; :guid "bd5893d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasCorrespondingProcess :RepairingProcess ; :ldoce "fix", "repair" ; :wnsense "doctor3v", "fix1v", "fix2n", "fixing1n", "furbish up1v", "mend1v", "mend2n", "mending2n", "repair1n", "repair1v", "reparation3n", "restore4v" ; :wordnet "doctor", "fix", "fixing", "furbish up", "mend", "mending", "repair", "reparation", "restore" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which a functional object that is malfunctioning is modified so that the malfunctioning component functions properly. An instance of this type implies that the Object that is repaired was in some way damaged - an implication not yet formalized. SUMO: The Class of Processes where the agent makes a modification or series of modifications to an Object that is not functioning as intended so that it works properly. In Cyc termed 'SimpleReparing': Cyc: The collection of events in which something gets fixed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'fix' and verb sense 1 of 'repair' and noun sense 1 of 'repair' in Wordnet: 1. (9) repair, mend, fix, bushel, doctor, furbish up, restore, touch on - (restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken; 'She repaired her TV set'; 'Repair my shoes please') WN noun 'repair': 1. (5) repair, fix, fixing, fixture, mend, mending, reparation - (the act of putting something in working order again) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :MaintainingAnObject, :PurposefulAction, :Restoring, :WorkingEvent . :RepairingMotorVehicles :en "repairing automobiles", "repairing trucks", "repairing vehicles" ; :enn "repairing automobiles", "repairing trucks", "repairing vehicles" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RepairingMotorVehicles'' is a ''RepairingEvent'' specifically directed at repairing some malfunction or wear or damage (including to appearance) in some form of ''RoadVehicle'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModifyingAnArtifact, :RepairingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRepaired ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RoadVehicle :TransportationDeviceType ) ] ] . :RepairingProcess :hasCorrespondingEvent :RepairingEvent ; :ldoce "fix", "repair" ; :wnsense "fix1v", "repair1v" ; :wordnet "fix", "repair" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Process corresponding to a RepairingEvent. Corresponds to the process component of sense 1 of the verb 'repair' and of sense 1 of the verb 'fix' in WordNet: 1. (11) repair, mend, fix, bushel, doctor, furbish up, restore, touch up - (restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken; 'She repaired her TV set'; 'Repair my shoes please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingCareOfSomethingProcess . :Repairman :wnsense "maintenance man1n", "repairman1n", "service man1n" ; :wordnet "maintenance man", "repairman", "service man" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Repairman' is a ''Mender'' who performs repairs as a primary occupation, often employed by some company that sells the product s/he repairs, but possibly by an independent company that is skilled at repairing certain types of products or structures, such as subtype ''AutoMechanic'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'repairman' in WordNet: 1. (1) repairman, maintenance man, service man - (a skilled worker whose job is to repair things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mender, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepairingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isSkilledAt ] . :RepayingWithMoney a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Repaying all or part of some ''Debt'' by transferring money. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoneyTransaction, :MoneyTransfer, :PayingWithMoney, :RepaymentEvent . :RepaymentEvent :wnsense "repay1v", "repay2v", "repayment1n", "repayment2n" ; :wordnet "repay", "repayment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RepaymentEvent' is 'NecessaryFutureSituation' in which one agent repays something that is owed to another agent. This is necessary to satisfy a 'Debt' Obligation, or to end an 'Owing' state. Repaying all or part of some ''Debt'' by transferring something valuable, which can be property, any asset, or money. A complete ''Repaying'' would be to 'satisfy' a Debt - this is not yet included. ('refunding' should be a subtype, but is not yet @rev1393 included) *NOTE* restriction 'isCausedBy' might also be expressed as 'wasCausedBy' if it is applied to instances of ''RepaymentEvent''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'repay' and both noun senses of 'repayment' in WordNet: 1. (7) refund, return, repay, give back - (pay back; 'Please refund me my money') 2. (1) requite, repay - (make repayment for or return something) WN 'repayment': 1. (1) refund, repayment - (the act of returning money received previously) 2. repayment, quittance - (payment of a debt or obligation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NecessaryFutureSituation, :Paying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Owing :Debt ) ] ] . :Repeated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Repeating ; :wnsense "perennial3adj", "recurrent1adj", "repeated1adj" ; :wordnet "perennial", "recurrent", "repeated" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Repeated'' is the attribute of something that is the object of a ''Repeating'' Action. . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'repeated' in Wordnet: 1. (6) perennial, recurrent, repeated - (recurring again and again; 'perennial efforts to stipulate the requirements') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :RepeatedEventType :guid "bd5900b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$FirstOrderCollection (q.v.) whose instances are collections of #$Events. Each instance of #$RepeatedEventType is a collection of events whose instances tend to come in series or to occur at more or less regular intervals. These series or recurrences might be the result of natural phenomena (e.g. the spoutings of Old Faithful), human convention (e.g. the occurrence of #$BaseballInnings within a given game), or a combination of both (e.g. the annual celebration of Oktoberfest). An important specialization of this collection is #$RegularlyRepeatedEventType. See also #$IterativeEvent and #$IterativeEventType. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventType . :Repeatedly :wnsense "repeatedly1adv" ; :wordnet "repeatedly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Repeatedly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that action is performed multiple times (more than three times) over some time interval. WN adverb 'repeatedly': in WordNet: 1. (10) repeatedly - (several times; 'it must be washed repeatedly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Repeating :en "rep", "repeating" ; :enn "rep" ; :ldoce "repeat" ; :wnsense "duplicate1v", "reduplicate2v", "repeat1n", "repeat2v", "repetition1n", "replicate2v" ; :wordnet "duplicate", "reduplicate", "repeat", "repetition", "replicate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Repeating' is a Recurrence (an Event of a type that has occurred previously), in which the main actor is the same as that of the previous Event. 'The perp repeated his offense as soon as he was released.'; 'She repeated her beautiful performance every night for a year'. 'The engine surge repeated every few minutes'. For repeating Events that are not actions by the same agent, use the parent type 'Recurrence'. For the act of repeating a statement, use the subtype 'Restating'. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'repeat' and part of noun sense 1 of 'repetition' in WordNet: WN 'repeat' 1. (33) repeat, reiterate, ingeminate, iterate, restate, retell - (to say, state, or perform again; 'She kept reiterating her request') 2. (13) duplicate, reduplicate, double, repeat, replicate - (make or do or perform again; 'He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick') WN noun 'repetition' 1. (2) repeat, repetition - (an event that repeats; 'the events today were a repeat of yesterday's') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recurrence, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recurring ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Repelling :wnsense "repel1v" ; :wordnet "repel" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Repelling'' is a very general type of Event that is a subtype of ''AffectingSomething'' for the very general case where a 'Something Moving' (PhysicalObject, wave) moving *toward* a Physicalobject impinges on the PhysicalObject, and due to interaction with that PhysicalObject, the 'Something Moving' either stops or changes its direction of motion. NOTE that this is not necessarily an Action by an agent,and includes all subevents from the approach of a 'Something Moving', its interaction with the PhysicalObject, and the motion of the 'Something Moving' afer the ineraction. The thing approaching is the subject of a ''MovingTowardSomething'' subevent. This is not exactly the same as 'impeding' motion, because it includes as subtypes causing a moving object to bounce back, or refecting a wave, so that the motion of the object may (but may not) continue,in a different direction from the original. Th closest corresponds synset in WN is sense 1 of 'repel' in WordNet, but this concept includes only physical effects, and does not include any sense of fighting in WordNet: 1. (9) repel, drive, repulse, force back, push back, beat back - ( cause to move back by force or influence; 'repel the enemy'; 'push back the urge to smoke'; 'beat back the invaders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirectionOfMotion, :Interacting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingTowardSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Repercussion :wnsense "repercussion1n", "reverberation2n" ; :wordnet "repercussion", "reverberation" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'repercussion' in WordNet: 1. repercussion, reverberation - (a remote or indirect consequence of some action; \"his declaration had unforeseen repercussions'; 'reverberations of the market crash were felt years later\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Effect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Repertoire :wnsense "repertoire2n", "repertory3n" ; :wordnet "repertoire", "repertory" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Repertoire''is the Group of all the specific types of 'performance' that some artist or group is able to perform for an audience. NOTE: to specify that a ''Repertoire'' is an ability of some specific ''IntelligentAgent'' (person or GroupOfPeople) the 'hasCapability'' restriction can point to only one agent. Thus if more than one performer (individual or Group) has the same ''Repertoire'', each specific instance of ''Repertoire'' needs to be given a unique identifying label. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'repertoire' in WordNet: 2. repertoire, repertory - (a collection of works (plays, songs, operas, ballets) that an artist or company can perform and do perform for short intervals on a regular schedule) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MusicalComposition :DramaticPerformance :EntertainmentPerformance :Ballet :Song ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :isaCapabilityOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :Repetitive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Repeating, :Restating ; :wnsense "repetitious1adj", "repetitive2adj" ; :wordnet "repetitious", "repetitive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Repetitive' is an AttributeValue of Events that occur at least twice, perhaps more often. NOTE: the sense of 'redundant' aplying to assertions that are logically implied is covered by the parent attribute ''Redundant''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'repetitive' in WordNet: 2. repetitive, repetitious - (characterized by repetition; 'repetitive movement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Redundant . :Repetitiveness :wnsense "repetitiousness1n", "repetitiveness1n" ; :wordnet "repetitiousness", "repetitiveness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Repetitiveness'' is a ''PersistentState'' in which some Agent is stating the same ideas of act more than once, using the same or different words. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'repetitiveness' in WordNet: 1. repetitiveness, repetitiousness - (verboseness resulting from excessive repetitions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Repetitive ] . :Rephrasing :wnsense "paraphrase1n", "paraphrase1v", "paraphrasis1n", "recasting1n", "rephrase1v", "rephrasing1n", "reword1v", "rewording1n" ; :wordnet "paraphrase", "paraphrasis", "recasting", "rephrase", "rephrasing", "reword", "rewording" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Rephrasing'' is a subtype of ''ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother'' in which one Phrase of any length is changed to another Phrase for any reason, often to make some point clearer, but possibly to avoid repetition or improve the literary quality. The resulting Phrase is called a ''Restatement'' (synonym for 'paraphrase') Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rephrase' in WordNet: 1. (1) paraphrase, rephrase, reword - (express the same message in different words) WN noun 'paraphrase': 1. (2) paraphrase, paraphrasis - (rewording for the purpose of clarification) WN noun 'rewording': 1. rewording, recasting, rephrasing - (changing a particular word or phrase) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvertingOneTypeIntoAnother, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Phrase ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Restatement ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Replaceable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :ReplacingSomething ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :ReplacingSomething ; :wnsense "renewable2adj", "replaceable1adj" ; :wordnet "renewable", "replaceable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Replaceable'' is the attribute of some PhysicalObject that can be used for some function and when no longer as useful as when new, can be discarded and replaced by another object of the same type. This is for inanimate objects, not for Organisms. (no 'human resources') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'replaceable' in Wordnet: 1. replaceable - (capable of being replaced) WN adj 'renewable': 2. renewable - (capable of being renewed; replaceable; 'renewable energy such as solar energy is theoretically inexhaustible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ReplacingAir :en "replacing air" ; :enn "replacing air" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReplacingAir'' in an action in which some ''AirObject'' is replaced by another ''AirObject''- as occurs in ''Ventiating''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exchange, :Motion, :ReplacingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirObject ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :ReplacingSomething :wnsense "replace1v" ; :wordnet "replace" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReplacingSomething'' is used the transitive Action of some Person putting some inanimate object to use for some purpose in place of a different object that had been used for that purpose; for replacing a ''Person'' that performs some roles or position or function with another Person, the subtype ''ReplacingaPerson'' can be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'replace' in WordNet: 1. (26) replace - (substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected); 'He replaced the old razor blade'; 'We need to replace the secretary that left a month ago'; 'the insurance will replace the lost income'; 'This antique vase can never be replaced') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArrivingAtAPlace, :ComingLater . :ReplacingaPerson :wnsense "replacement2n", "replacing1n" ; :wordnet "replacement", "replacing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReplacingaPerson'' in an action in which one Person is 'replaced' by another Person (not by a machine) in some capacity, often a working position or function, but also for sports teams. (substitute a person or thing for NOTE: this is for replacing or substituting one person with another, not for inanimate objects. The Person who is the substitute is pointed to by ''isPerformedBy'' (linguistically 'by') and the Person replaced is pointed to by ''hasDirectObject''. NOTE that the direct object of this Action is the thing that has been replaced J replaced Jack with Jill' - Jack is the direct Object, Jill is the indirect object The Object or Person that newly performs the function ('Jill' in the above example) consequently then performs the intransitive ''Supplanting'' Action. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'replacing' in WordNet: 1. (1) replacement, replacing - (the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another; 'replacing the star will not be easy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exchange, :ReplacingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SucceedingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :ReplayingaRecording :wnsense "action replay1n", "play back1v", "replay1v", "replay2n" ; :wordnet "action replay", "play back", "replay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReplayingaRecording'' can be a playing of an audio or video recording. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'replay' in WordNet: 1. play back, replay - (reproduce (a recording) on a recorder; 'The lawyers played back the conversation to show that their client was innocent') WN noun 'replay' (broader, not just for television): 2. replay, action replay - ((television) showing again some action (especially sports action) that has been recorded on video tape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayingSomething, :HumanActivity, :InformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recording ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaVideoRecording ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaMusicRecording ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :ReplenishingaSupply :wnsense "replenish1v" ; :wordnet "replenish" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReplenishingaSupply'' is an Action in which an Agent adds back some quantity of material (a PhysicalObject, which could be some quantity of a substance or some number of objects) in order to restore a partly or completely exhausted NOTE: WN gloss indicates 'fill' but this can be used for replenishing that does not completely fill a reservoir for a Supply. For refilling use subtype 'RefillingaContainer'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'replenish' in WordNet: 1. (6) replenish, refill, fill again - (fill something that had previously been emptied; 'refill my glass, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConsumingSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Supply ] . :Report :ldoce "account", "report" ; :wnsense "account2n", "account4n", "report2n", "report3n" ; :wordnet "account", "report" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractText that describes some Event, including Events consisting of multiple subevents,such as a scientific study, or a study of an accident or situation. The difference of a report from a history is in the narrow focus of a Report on some one Event, not on a series of Events related to some Object. A Report is supposed to be objective and factual, but may contain errors of fact. A Report may be verbal, so it does not necessarily have a physical document to represent it; when there is a physical document, that document is a 'ReportDocument'. Each Report is created by some 'Reporting' Event. SUMO: A relatively brief FactualText, often it describes the findings of a study or experiment, or a series of observations.. Includes parts (the abstract text) of noun senses 2 and 3 of 'report' and senses 2 and 4 of 'account' in WordNet: WN 'account' 2. (212) report, account - (the act of informing by verbal report; 'he heard reports that they were causing trouble'; 'by all accounts they were a happy couple') 4. (69) report, news report, story, account, write up - (a short account of the news; 'the report of his speech'; 'the story was on the 11 o'clock news'; 'the account of his speech that was given on the evening news made the governor furious') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FactualText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reporting ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :ReportDocument :ldoce "report" ; :wnsense "report1n" ; :wordnet "report" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every 'ReportDocument' is an instance of 'Document-Physical', a PhysicalObject. This is a textual document describing some Event, which may be any kind of Event, such as a simple interaction between two people, an auto accident, or an Event consisting of multiple subevents such as an investigation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'report' in WordNet: 1. (415) report, study, written report - (a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; \"this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Report ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Reported :isAnAttributeValueOf :Information ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Reporting ; :wnsense "reported1adj" ; :wordnet "reported" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reported' in Wordnet: 1. (2) reported - (made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account; 'his reported opinion'; 'the reported findings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Reporting :en "reporting" ; :guid "c0fd4856-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "report" ; :wnsense "report1v", "report2v" ; :wordnet "report" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type represents instances of 'DescribingSomething' in which the person doing the describing has done some form of investigation of the topic, not merely a casual description or an eyewitness account. The descriptions provided by newspaper reporters are almost all of this type, as are research reports in published journals and at conferences. This is the action of creating and delivering the report, not the report itself (not a physical nor an abstract text). The abstract report produced in a Reporting event is a 'Report'; if it is also represented in a physical document, that document is a 'ReportDocument'. CYC: A specialization of #$Inform-CommunicationAct. In each instance of #$Reporting, some agent imparts collected information to some other agent(s). Includes Sense 13 of 'report' in RHW: 13. to relate, as what has been learned by observation or investigation. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'report' in Wordnet: 1. (64) report, describe, account - (to give an account or representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental') 2. (52) report - (announce as the result of an investigation, or announce something to the proper authorities; 'Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city'; 'The team reported significant advances in their research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DescribingSomething, :Informing, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Report ] . :ReportingNews :en "reporting" ; :ldoce "report" ; :wnsense "report1v", "report2v", "report5v" ; :wordnet "report" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReportingNews'' is the Action of professional journalists - print, television, radio or web-based - who disseminate to the public information they have learned and think worthy of attention Includes Sense 13 of 'report' in RHW: 13. to relate, as what has been learned by observation or investigation. The prmary sense here includes the narrow sense 5 of 'report' in WordNet (being responsible for a particular topic): in WordNet: 5. (1) report, cover - (be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism; 'Snow reported on China in the 1950's'; 'The cub reporter covered New York City') WN But journalists do other things as well, so this includes senses 1 and 2 WN Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'report' in Wordnet. 1. (64) report, describe, account - (to give an account or representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental') 2. (52) report - (announce as the result of an investigation, or announce something to the proper authorities; 'Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city'; 'The team reported significant advances in their research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reporting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Report ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Journalist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :ReportingToaManager :en "reporting" ; :ldoce "report" ; :wnsense "report1v" ; :wordnet "report" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReportingToaManager'' is the Action of a subordinate (a member of a ''Personnel'' group) who may or must take instructions or orders from a ''Manager'', and who describes the activities or planned acivities relevant to his/her ''JobSituation''. Sense 13 of 'report' in RHW: 13. to relate, as what has been learned by observation or investigation. Includes verb sense 1 of 'report' in Wordnet: 1. (64) report, describe, account - (to give an account or representation of in words; 'Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reporting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Report ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :Manager ] . :Repository :wnsense "deposit8n", "depositary1n", "depository1n", "repository1n" ; :wordnet "deposit", "depositary", "depository", "repository" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Repository'' is a ''Facility-Generic'' where things are stored so as to be accessible for use. The things stored can be Objects, substances or abstract things such as money or information. In the case of information, it can be 'accessed'. (use ''AccessingaConceptualWork'') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'repository' in WordNet: 1. (2) depository, deposit, depositary, repository - (a facility where things can be deposited for storage or safekeeping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic, :StorageEntity . :RepossessingSomething :wnsense "reclaim1v", "repossess1v", "repossess2v", "repossession1n", "take back2v" ; :wordnet "reclaim", "repossess", "repossession", "take back" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RepossessingSomething'' is a ''TakingSomething'' where the Something repossessed is something that was loaned or otherwise taken from the Person doing the repossessing, and legally belongs to the Agent doing the ''RepossessingSomething''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'repossess' in WordNet: 1. reclaim, repossess - (claim back) 2. take back, repossess - (regain possession of something) WN noun 'repossession': 1. repossession - (the action of regaining possession (especially the seizure of collateral securing a loan that is in default)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obtaining, :TakingSomethingPhysical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom :ValuableThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Representation :ldoce "representation" ; :wnsense "representation2n" ; :wordnet "representation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Representation' is any Entity - Object or Event, created by or performed by a ''IntentionalAgent'' that is intended to represent something other than itself. An Event can be a 'Representation' in several ways; a play or skit may represent some real-world event; a bee's dance may represent the location of food. More common representations are physical objects such as linguistic objects that represent some words or conceptual content. AbstractTexts are also representations of things, and mathematical equations may be representations of Physical phenomena. This is very broad, and most uses of the term 'representation' will be for more specific subtypes. For a Representation that is an Object, use 'RepresentationObject'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'representation' and verb sense 1 of 'represent' in WordNet. 2. (10) representation - (a creation that is a visual or tangible rendering of someone or something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Sign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue owl:Thing ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :RepresentationObject :ldoce "representation" ; :wnsense "representation2n" ; :wordnet "representation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RepresentationObject' is a 'Representation' that is an Object. This includes physical and abstract Objects. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'representation' in WordNet: 2. (10) representation - (a creation that is a visual or tangible rendering of someone or something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Representation . :Representational a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Representational'' is a property of things that represent other things. Signs, linguistic objects, images, and many other. Things that are the subject of a 'represents' relation will generally have this property, even if it is not asserted. Subtypes may be more useful, specifying attributes of things that represent specific things. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'representational' including anything that is a sign or representation, such as linguistic objects, in WordNet: 1. (2) representational - ((used especially of art) depicting objects, figures,or scenes as seen; 'representational art'; 'representational images') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Representative :ldoce "representative" ; :wnsense "representative1n", "representative2n", "representative3n" ; :wordnet "representative" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Representative' is a Person who interacts with other people on behalf of some third party. Includes noun senses 1,2, and 3 of 'representative' in WordNet: WN Sense 2 is the subtype ''Spokesperson''; WN Sense 3 is a subtypes represented by ''USRepresentative''. 1. (8) representative - (a person who represents others) 2. (4) spokesperson, interpreter, representative, voice - (an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose; 'the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government') 3. (4) congressman, congresswoman, representative - (a member of the United States House of Representatives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Helper, :HumanRole, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepresentingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssigningAgentToRole ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :RepresentingAnAgent :ldoce "represent" ; :wnsense "represent4v" ; :wordnet "represent" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RepresentingAnAgent' is an Action in which one Person serves to assist an other agent (person, Organization) by performing some communications actions for the benefit of the agent being represented. This is only for representing one agent to another agent, and is not any other acting on behalf of an agent without communicating to another agent; for example, driving a vehicle in the employment of some company is not an instance of 'RepresentingAnAgent'; being a sales representative in perosn-to-person transactions is an instance. This includes diplomatic, commercial, and individual representations. Every instance of a lawyer representing a client is an instance of this type; every elected official representing his constituents is performing a 'RepresentingAnAgent'. NOTE that the usage 'I represent the silent majority' is actually represented(!!) in COSMO by the state 'Typifying'. That usage example seems to be misplaced in COSMO, and that sense is more clearly represented by 'typify'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'represent' in WordNet: 4. (11) represent - (be a delegate or spokesperson for; represent somebody's interest or be a proxy or substitute for, as of politicians and office holders representing their constituents, or of a tenant representing other tenants in a housing dispute; 'I represent the silent majority') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceEvent . :RepresentingSomething :wnsense "mean3v", "represent2v", "represent3v", "representation10n", "signify1v", "stand for1v", "stand for2v", "stand for3v", "symbolise2v", "symbolize1v", "typify2v" ; :wordnet "mean", "represent", "representation", "signify", "stand for", "symbolise", "symbolize", "typify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RepresentingSomething'' is a broad range of ''Action''s performed by a ''VisibleThing'' (a PhysicalObject or some Action of a a visible ''PhysicalObject'' or ''Sign'', abstract or Physical) that can be perceived and interpreted as a 'Sign' of some kind - an entity referring to something other than the Sign itself, that is intended by some ''IntentionalAgent'' (if the creator of the inanimate object or performer of the Action) to point to something other than the Agent, or to produce another ''Sign'' and thus bring the referenced thing to the mind of another ''IntentionalAgent'' (for any purpose). This is distinguished from the more generic ''Sign'' by the *intention* of the agent either (1) performing the Action that is the ''Sign'' doing the representing, or (2) creating the Object that is the ''Sign''. Includes verb sense 2 and part of sense 3 of 'represent' in WordNet: 2. (30) typify, symbolize, symbolise, stand for, represent - (express indirectly by an image, form, or model; be a symbol; 'What does the Statue of Liberty symbolize?') 3. (14) represent - (be representative or typical for; 'This period is represented by Beethoven') WN verb 'stand for': 2. (3) mean, intend, signify, stand for - (denote or connote; ''maison' means 'house' in French'; 'An example sentence would show what this word means') WN noun ' representation': 10. representation - (an activity that stands as an equivalent of something or results in an equivalent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Sign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleThing ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Representation :Action :VisibleThing :Sign :ObjectType :ActionType :SignType ) ] ] . :RepresentingaConstituency a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RepresentingaConstituency'' is a type of 'RepresentingAnAgent' in which the 'Agent' is a ''Constituency'' - the people represented by an ''ElectedOfficial''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentingaGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ElectedOfficial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :Constituency ] . :RepresentingaGroup :en "representing a group" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RepresentingaGroup'' is a type of 'RepresentingAnAgent' in which the 'Agent' is a ''CollectiveAgent'' - usually a GroupOfPeople or an Organization.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Delegate ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :CollectiveAgent ] . :RepresentingaPerformer a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RepresentingaPerformer'' is a type of 'RepresentingAnAgent' in which the 'Agent' is a ''Artist-Performer'' - a Person or a ''GroupOfPeople''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :Artist-Performer ] . :RepresentingaSchool :en "competing for a school", "representing a school" ; :enn "competing for a school", "representing a school" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RepresentingaSchool'' is a ''RepresentingAnAgent'' Action in which some Person or Team from one school competes with a Team from another school in some form of competition - sports, debating, chess, or any other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competing, :RepresentingAnAgent . :RepresentingaUnion :en "representing a labor union", "representing a union" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RepresentingaUnion'' is a type of 'RepresentingAnAgent' in which the 'Agent' represented is a ''LaborUnion''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepresentingaGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnionRepresentative ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :LaborUnion ] . :Repression :wnsense "repression3n" ; :wordnet "repression" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Repression' is the most general, including the restraint of people's actions by any means, including gentle persuasion or reward. For forceable 'repression' use subtype ''SubduingByForce''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'repression' in WordNet: 3. repression - (the act of repressing; control by holding down; 'his goal was the repression of insolence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAnAgent, :ManagementEvent . :Repressive :isMoreIntenseThan :Restrictive ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :SuppressingActivity ; :wnsense "inhibitory1adj", "repressing1adj", "repressive1adj" ; :wordnet "inhibitory", "repressing", "repressive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'repressive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inhibitory, repressive, repressing - (restrictive of action; 'a repressive regime'; 'an overly strict and inhibiting discipline') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restrictive . :Reprint :wnsense "reissue1n", "reprint1n", "reprinting1n" ; :wordnet "reissue", "reprint", "reprinting" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One copy of some ''Publication'' that was produced by a ''Reprinting'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reprint' in WordNet: 1. (1) reissue, reprint, reprinting - (a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Publication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Reprinting ] . :Reprinting :wnsense "reissue1v", "reprint1v" ; :wordnet "reissue", "reprint" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reprint' in WordNet: 1. (1) reprint, reissue - (print anew; 'They never reprinted the famous treatise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Printing, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Printing ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reprint ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Reproaching :eng "reproaching" ; :wnsense "reproach1v", "upbraid1v" ; :wordnet "reproach", "upbraid" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Reproaching'' is a ''Criticizing'' by one Person directed at the Person being criticized (a ''BadGuy''), asserting that some observed behavior is improper and recommending explicitly or implicitly that the Person reproached not perform that action again. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reproach' in WordNet: 1. (2) reproach, upbraid - (express criticism towards; 'The president reproached the general for his irresponsible behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criticizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :UndesirableBehavior ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Recommendation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offender ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Offending ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ] . :Reproductive :isAnAttributeValueOf :AsexualReproductionEvent, :BiologicalReproductionEvent, :ReproductiveCell ; :pertainsTo :BiologicalReproductionEvent, :ReproductiveBody, :ReproductiveCell, :SexualReproductionEvent ; :wnsense "generative2adj", "procreative1adj", "reproductive1adj" ; :wordnet "generative", "procreative", "reproductive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reproductive' in Wordnet: 1. generative, procreative, reproductive - (producing new life or offspring; 'the reproductive potential of a species is its relative capacity to reproduce itself under optimal conditions'; 'the reproductive or generative organs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ReproductiveBody :en "reproductive body" ; :enn "reproductive body" ; :guid "bdb69f71-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganismPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Reproductive structure of Organisms. Consists of an Embryonic Object and a nutritive/protective envelope. Note that this class includes seeds, spores, and FruitOrVegetables, as well as the eggs produced by Animals. NOTE that this is not classed as a 'body part' because it is more commonly thought of as existing outside the body, though produced there. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismPart . :ReproductiveCell :wnsense "germ cell1n", "reproductive cell1n", "sex cell1n" ; :wordnet "germ cell", "reproductive cell", "sex cell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reproductive cell' in WordNet: 1. reproductive cell, germ cell, sex cell - (a spermatozoon or an ovum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalCell, :HaploidCell . :Reptile :guid "bd58f230-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reptile1n" ; :wordnet "reptile" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$BiologicalClass, and a specialization of #$Vertebrate. Each instance of #$Reptile is an air-breathing, cold-blooded vertebrate with a body covered by scales or bony plates. Notable specializations of #$Reptile include #$Snake, #$Lizard, and #$Turtle. Most species of #$Reptile are oviparous (see #$OviparousAnimal), but some are viviparous (see #$ViviparousAnimal). SUMO: A ColdBloodedVertebrate having an external covering of scales or horny plates. Reptiles breathe by means of Lungs and generally lay eggs Corresponds approximately to noun sense 4 of 'cause' in WordNet: 1. (1) reptile, reptilian - (any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles and extinct forms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirBreathingVertebrate, :ColdBloodedVertebrate, :NonHumanAnimal, :ScaledAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Republic :ldoce "republic" ; :wnsense "democracy2n", "republic1n", "republic2n" ; :wordnet "democracy", "republic" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Republic' is a 'FormOfGovernment' in which the head of state is not a monarch; it is a subtype of 'Democracy', but a democracy may have a monarch as head of state. Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'republic' in WordNet: WN 'republic' 1. (7) democracy, republic, commonwealth -- (a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them) 2. republic - (a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch; 'the head of state in a republic is usually a president') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Democracy . :Republican :pertainsTo :Republic ; :wnsense "republican2adj" ; :wordnet "republican" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Republican'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a 'Republic'' and the powers, structure, and functioning of a ''Republic''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'republican' in Wordnet: 2. republican - (having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; 'the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government'- United States Constitution; 'a very republican notion'; 'so little republican and so much aristocratic sentiment'- Philip Marsh; 'our republican and artistic simplicity'-Nathaniel Hawthorne) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RepublicanParty :wnsense "GOP1n", "Republican Party1n" ; :wordnet "GOP", "Republican Party" ; a :OrganizationType, :PoliticalPartyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: One of the two major political parties in the UnitedStates. The RepublicanParty represents traditional, conservative values. NOTE: The party is a Type rather than individual because each local branch is an instance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Republican Party' in WordNet: 1. (1) Republican Party, GOP - (the younger of two major political parties in the United States; GOP is an acronym for grand old party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalParty . :RepublicanPartyMember :wnsense "Republican1n" ; :wordnet "Republican" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Republican'' is a ''Member'' of the ''RepublicanParty'' only in a broad sense - one can identify as a ''Republican'' without actually voting in a primary election or being a formal member of an organiation affiliated with a political party - closer just to being a supporter or advocate of the party or routinely voting for its candidates. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Republican' in Wordnet: 1. (8) Republican - (a member of the Republican Party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Member, :PartyInRole, :Person, :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepublicanParty ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Repudiating :wnsense "renounce4v", "repudiate1v" ; :wordnet "renounce", "repudiate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for ''Repudiating'' a ''Person''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'repudiate' in WordNet: 1. (3) renounce, repudiate - (cast off or disown; 'She renounced her husband'; 'The parents repudiated their son') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rejecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :RepudiatingaDebt :wnsense "repudiate3v" ; :wordnet "repudiate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """' Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'repudiate' in WordNet: 3. repudiate - (refuse to recognize or pay; 'repudiate a debt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refusing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Debt ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Repulsive :wnsense "abhorrent1adj", "detestable1adj", "repugnant1adj", "repulsive1adj" ; :wordnet "abhorrent", "detestable", "repugnant", "repulsive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Repulsive'is the attribute of an Action or Object that causes a Person observing it to feel distressed, preferring not to see such things. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'repulsive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) abhorrent, detestable, obscene, repugnant, repulsive - (offensive to the mind; 'an abhorrent deed'; 'the obscene massacre at Wounded Knee'; 'morally repugnant customs'; 'repulsive behavior'; 'the most repulsive character in recent novels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offensive . :RepulsiveForce a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''RepulsiveForce'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' that causes two objects to tend to move apart unless prevented by some intervening obstacle, in which case the object whose motion is halted will exert a force or pressure on the intervening object,. This type of force is created by eletrically charged objects of the same polarity or magnetically polarized objects when poles of the same polarity are brought in proximity. (possessing the ability to repel; NOTE: electricity and Magnetism are classified by WN as ''AttractiveForce''s, although they can be both attractive and repulsive. So this cannot be interpreted as meaning a force is *only* repulsive. When details are needed, this nuance can be added, and the alternatives disentangled. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingApart ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Request :ldoce "request" ; :wnsense "asking1n", "bespeak2v", "call for1v", "quest5v", "request1v", "request2n", "request2v", "request3v" ; :wordnet "asking", "bespeak", "call for", "quest", "request" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The notion of a 'request' involves both the event in which a Request communication is made and the content of that communication. The content of a request can be interpreted as a combination of assertion and question: the assertion is that some information or action is desired, and the question is whether the listener will provide the information or do the action. This Type represents the request event. The content of the request is represented as 'RequestContent'. This request is generic, including computer communications to other computers. For the specifically human activity, use 'Requesting'. Includes noun sense 2 of 'request' (the action) and all three senses of verb 'request' in WordNet (verb sense 2 vold be a more specific subtype): in WordNet: WN noun 'request': 2. (4) request, asking - (the verbal act of requesting) WN verb 'request': 1. (11) request, bespeak, call for, quest - (express the need or desire for; ask for; 'She requested an extra bed in her room'; 'She called for room service') 2. (7) request - (ask (a person) to do something; 'She asked him to be here at noon'; 'I requested that she type the entire manuscript') 3. request - (inquire for (information); 'I requested information from the secretary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationTransferEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :RequestContent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingRequested ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :RequestContent :ldoce "request" ; :wnsense "request1n" ; :wordnet "request" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AbstractLinguistic representation of a Request - whether a request for information, or a request to perform some action. In Cyc the content is represented as an 'Illocutionary force', but in COSMO it is merely the linguistic expression of the Request -the result of a Requesting event. Cyc: An illocutionary force associated with requests. If a communication act has this illocutionary force it is the speaker's intention to ask the listener to perform the action(s) described in his/her utterance. If the listener responds positively, s/he places him/herself under an obligation to do the indicated action. 'Speaker' and 'listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo. This Type represents the request content. The Event of making a request is represented as 'Request'. SUMO: A Sentence that expresses a request for something or that something be done. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'request' in WordNet - this does not have to be submitted to an authority, just to another agent; in WordNet: 1. (10) request, petition, postulation - (a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationRequest-IBT, :LinguisticAssertion . :Requesting :eng "requesting" ; :ldoce "request" ; :wnsense "request1v", "request2n", "request2v", "request3v" ; :wordnet "request" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A request expresses a desire that some future action be performed; often the future action is to be performed by the person to whom the Requesting is addressed, but it can also be a request for permission, in which case the future action is a 'permitting' action. Examples: the 5th Battalion requested air support from the 3rd Bomber Group; a person requests membership in some organization. Note that this class covers proposals, recommendations, suggestions, LegalAppeals, etc. COSMO note: this subtype of 'Request' is for specifically human requesting actions. This notion of requesting is specifically for people, using language. For the more generic event including computer requests, use the parent type 'Request'. For the informational content of a Request,use 'RequestContent'. Includes noun sense 2 of 'request' (the action) and all three senses of verb 'request' in WordNet (verb sense 2 vold be a more specific subtype): in WordNet: WN noun 'request': 2. (4) request, asking - (the verbal act of requesting) WN verb 'request': 1. (11) request, bespeak, call for, quest - (express the need or desire for; ask for; 'She requested an extra bed in her room'; 'She called for room service') 2. (7) request - (ask (a person) to do something; 'She asked him to be here at noon'; 'I requested that she type the entire manuscript') 3. request - (inquire for (information); 'I requested information from the secretary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, :Request, :RequestingOrProposing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :RequestContent ] . :RequestingOrProposing a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the union of 'Requesting' and 'Proposing', a special type created to aggregate the kinds of Actions that can lead to a 'Refusing' response. This could be accomplished by a union in the description of 'Refusing', but is required only to accommodate the peculiar behaviors of the OWL utilities used, which do annoying things with that kind of union-as-object-of-a-relation """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Requesting :Proposing ) ] . :RequestingPayment :ldoce "bill", "charge" ; :wnsense "bill1v", "charge4v" ; :wordnet "bill", "charge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """RequestingPayment is an Action in which one Agent requests another agent to pay for some good or services, or to pay a debt. The action can be verbal,or can be accomplished by preparing a document with the request and transmitting the document to the intended recipient. Each 'RequestingPayment' creates the abstract LinguisticAssertion that is an instance of 'PaymentRequestContent'. For the Physical document representing a 'PaymentRequestContent' use 'Bill-PaymentRequest'. This action may be represented linguistically as to 'charge' or 'bill'. The WordNet noun sense 4 of 'charge' seems to also include this notion, but the WordNet gloss suggests that this is not merely an Action, but the result of the Action (to submit a 'charge'); for the abstract LinguisticAssertion (an Object) created by an instance of 'RequestingPayment' use the COSMO type 'PaymentRequestContent'' Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'charge' and sense 1 of 'bill' in WordNet: 3. (7) charge, bill - (demand payment; 'Will I get charged for this service?'; 'We were billed for 4 nights in the hotel, although we stayed only 3 nights') 4. (75) charge, billing - (request for payment of a debt; 'they submitted their charges at the end of each month') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :PaymentRequestContent ] . :RequestingPermission :en "request permission", "requesting permission" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RequestingPermission'' is a ''Requesting' Action in which one Agent (the requester) asks another agent (the authority) to allow the requester to perform some Action (i.e. to grant permission to perform that Action. NOTE that although a ''Permission'' must follow a ''GrantingPermission'' Action, a ''GrantingPermission'' need not be preceded by a ''RequestingPermission'', as a Permissionmay be granted generally as a matter of policy without a specific request. However, a ''Consent'' must follow a ''RequestingPermission'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrantingPermission ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Requirement :ldoce "must" ; :wnsense "essential1n", "must1n", "necessity2n", "prerequisite1n", "requirement1n", "requirement2n", "requirement3n", "requisite1n" ; :wordnet "essential", "must", "necessity", "prerequisite", "requirement", "requisite" ; a :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Requirement' is anything that is required in order to achieve a goal of some 'IntentionalAgent'. This is a broad category, and the thing required may be an Object, a Right, or a PersistentState. For'something required' that is an Object (Physical or abstract) use ''Necessity''. Includes all 3 noun senses of 'requirement' in Wordnet: 1. (19) requirement, demand - (required activity; 'the requirements of his work affected his health'; 'there were many demands on his time') 2. (18) necessity, essential, requirement, requisite, necessary - (anything indispensable; 'food and shelter are necessities of life'; 'the essentials of the good life'; 'allow farmers to buy their requirements under favorable conditions'; 'a place where the requisites of water fuel and fodder can be obtained') 3. (11) prerequisite, requirement - (something that is required in advance; 'Latin was a prerequisite for admission') WN noun 'must': 1. must - (a necessary or essential thing; 'seat belts are an absolute must') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource, :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Necessary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Essential ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RequiringSomething :wnsense "ask7v", "call for2v", "demand2v", "involve4v", "necessitate1n", "need1v", "postulate3v", "require1v", "take9v" ; :wordnet "ask", "call for", "demand", "involve", "necessitate", "need", "postulate", "require", "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RequiringSomething'' is a ''PersistentState'' that makes something ''Necessary'' in order for some ''IntentionalAgent'' to accomplish some Goal. Such a situation is 'lacking' or 'missing' something ''Necessary''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'require' in WordNet: 1. (146) necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take, involve, call for, demand - (require as useful, just, or proper; 'It takes nerve to do what she did'; 'success usually requires hard work'; 'This job asks a lot of patience and skill'; 'This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice'; 'This dinner calls for a spectacular dessert'; 'This intervention does not postulate a patient's consent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Necessary ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Rescheduling :wnsense "reschedule1v" ; :wordnet "reschedule" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reschedule' in WordNet: 1. (1) reschedule - (assign a new time and place for an event; 'We had to reschedule the doctor's appointment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RedoingSomething, :Scheduling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scheduling ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :RescueSquad :en "rescue squad" ; :enn "rescue squad" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RescueSquad'' is a ''Team'' whose responsibility is to perform ''Rescuing'' of people, or otherwise assist people in some Emergency. This shold include a 'first-aid squad' but there are no definitions in WN or RHW. No sense in WN """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlyingSquad, :Team, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rescuing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rescuer ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Rescuer :wnsense "deliverer2n", "rescuer1n", "saver1n", "savior2n", "saviour2n" ; :wordnet "deliverer", "rescuer", "saver", "savior", "saviour" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rescuer''is a ''Helper'' (one or a Group of people) who helps 'rescue' another agent, i.e. save another agent from a DangerousSituation (an 'Emergency') that threatens potential or certain harm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 (only 'saver' from sense 2 is included) of 'rescuer' in WordNet: 1. savior, saviour, rescuer, deliverer - (a person who rescues you from harm or danger) 2. rescuer, recoverer, saver - (someone who saves something from danger or violence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FirstResponder, :Helper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rescuing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Rescuing :en "rescuing" ; :wnsense "deliver4v", "deliverance1n", "delivery6n", "rescue1n", "rescue1v", "saving2n" ; :wordnet "deliver", "deliverance", "delivery", "rescue", "saving" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rescuing'' is a 'Saving' where the thing saved is an Animal, usually a Person, and the DangerousSituation saved from is one that threatens life or serious harm (an ''Emergency''). NOTE that this is broad enough to include 'rescuing' an Organization (e.g. from bankruptcy or dissolution) and also the religous concept of ''Salvation'' (from the effects of sin). Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'rescue' in WordNet: 1. (11) rescue, deliver - (free from harm or evil) WN noun rescue': 1. (3) rescue, deliverance, delivery, saving - (recovery or preservation from loss or danger; 'work is the deliverance of mankind'; 'a surgeon's job is the saving of lives') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingAnAgent, :Saving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Emergency ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rescuer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType :LegalAgent :OrganizationType ) ] ] . :Research :guid "bd58ea8d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "research1n", "research1v", "research2v" ; :wordnet "research" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Research includes both Experiment (experimental investigation) and DataAnalysis - researching a topic by looking at information sources and trying to find an answer in texts, interviews, or other information-bearing things. Reading through text sources is sometimes referred to as 'library research'; that is represented as 'DataAnalysis' in COSMO. Cyc: A specialization of both #$InformationGathering and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Research is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see #$Experimenting) or building systems (see #$ResearchProject), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. Includes noun sense 2 and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'research' in WordNet: 1. (47) research - - (systematic investigation to establish facts) WN verb 'research': 1. (2) research, search, explore - - (inquire into; 'the students had to research the history of the Second World War for their history project'; 'He searched for information on his relatives on the web'; 'Scientists are exploring the nature of consciousness') 2. (1) research - - (attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner; 'The student researched the history of that word') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Endeavor, :InformationGathering, :Investigation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiscoveryEvent ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :ResearchOrganization :guid "bd588d84-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$ResearchOrganization is an organization that carries out basic or applied research as its main function (or one of its main functions). A given instance of #$ResearchOrganization may or may not be a commercial, or a governmental, organization. Examples of #$ResearchOrganizations include #$UnitedStatesSpaceProgram, Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratory at #$IBMInc, and the Hoover Institute.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :ResearchProject :guid "bd58a9f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "research project1n", "scientific research1n" ; :wordnet "research project", "scientific research" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Project involving research - not necessarily experimental. Most ''ResearchProject''s qualify as ''Venture''s. For COSMO purposes, a ''ResearchProject'' only qualifies as a ''Venture'' if it is a ''CollaborativeProject''. To be a ''CollaborativeProject'' does not require that there be more than one resarch worker, if the project is funded by some agent other than the individual research worker. In WN a 'research project' is a form of ''scientific research''. In COSMO this is interpreted as *not* being necessarily experimental - it can be literature or historical or research. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'research project' in WordNet: 1. scientific research, research project - (research into questions posed by scientific theories and hypotheses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Project, :Research . :ResearchReport :en "research report" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ResearchReport'' is a nonfiction ''Report'' describing the (usually new) knowledge learned from execution of a ''.Research'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Report, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Research ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Findings ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :ResearchScientist :guid "bd615544-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "scientist" ; :wnsense "investigator1n", "researcher1n" ; :wordnet "investigator", "researcher" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A scientist who performs ExperimentalResearch. In WordNet this is identical to 'Researcher': in WordNet: 1. (3) research worker, researcher, investigator - (a scientist who devotes himself to doing research) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Researcher, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExperimentalResearch ; owl:onProperty :isSkilledAt ] . :Researcher :guid "bd589a23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation each instance of which is a person who performs research as a significant part of his or her occupation. This collection includes academicians, clinical investigators, experimental physicists, market researchers, industrial researchers, mathematicians, etc. SUMO: The Profession of being a scientific researcher.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Investigator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Research ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Resemblance :wnsense "resemblance1n" ; :wordnet "resemblance" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resemblance' in WordNet: 1. (7) resemblance - (similarity in appearance or external or superficial details) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alikeness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SimilarLooking ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Resembling :en "have a semblance" ; :wnsense "resemble1v" ; :wordnet "resemble" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The state of ''Resembling'' is a ''Similarity'' with respect to visual appearance. This is an intransitive sense for some *Group* that is performing a ''Resemblng''. Another way to express the similarity is to use one of the relations ''resembles'' or ''areAlikeWRT''. How to relate this to ''Similar''?? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'resemble' in WordNet: 1. (25) resemble - (appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to; 'She resembles her mother very much'; 'This paper resembles my own work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Similarity . :Resentful :guid "e3b482e4-42cc-11d6-8000-0002b38bcf96" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Resentment ; :wnsense "resentful1n" ; :wordnet "resentful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a Person who is experiencing Resentment. NOTE that this is an AttributeValue, not a subtype of Person, as it is in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being resentful. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resentful' in WordNet: 1. (4) resentful - (full of or marked by resentment or indignant ill will; 'resentful at the way he was treated'; 'a sullen resentful attitude') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Resentment :eng "resenting" ; :guid "bd58a510-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bitterness1n", "gall4n", "rancor1n", "rancour1n", "resent1v", "resentment1n" ; :wordnet "bitterness", "gall", "rancor", "rancour", "resent", "resentment" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling of displeasure at something that causes ill will and may cause Hostility toward another Person; a Feeling in which one agent dislikes either another agent or the preferential treatment of another agent by someone else.. Cyc: Indignation, displeasure, and ill will felt about something regarded as a slight, affront, insult, or indignity. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. More specialized #$FeelingTypes than #$Resentment are #$Jealousy and #$Envy. Includes verb sense 1 of 'resent' and noun sense 1 of 'resentment' in WordNet: 1. (14) resent - (feel bitter or indignant about; 'She resents being paid less than her co-workers') WN noun 'resentment': 1. (6) resentment, bitterness, gall, rancor, rancour - (a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dislike, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Hostility ] . :Reservation :guid "c0fbcbd6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reservation5n" ; :wordnet "reservation" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any kind of reservation, where one agent agrees to reserve something for another agent - airline seats, hotel rooms, merchandise. CYC: An agreement between a person or group of people and a restaurant hotel etc. to have a table, room, etc ready for the person(s) use at a specific time. The is not the action of reserving something, it is a type of ''Agreement'', a ''mentalObject''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 5 of 'reservation' in Wordnet: 5. reservation - (the written record or promise of an arrangement by which accommodations are secured in advance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreement . :ReserveSupply :wnsense "reserve2n", "stockpile1n" ; :wordnet "reserve", "stockpile" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReserveSupply'' is a quantity of anything (any object, or a quantity of time) that has bee set aside in a ''Reserving'' action, for any purpose whether or not specified when the Reserving was performed. For time this would be an instance of ''AvailableTime''. Not clear if that would qualify intuitively as an instance of ''ObjectType'', but it is not likely to cause any logical inconsistencies. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reserve' in WordNet: 2. (1) reserve, backlog, stockpile - (something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Available ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reserved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remaining ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reserving ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :Reserved :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Reserving ; :wnsense "reserved1adj" ; :wordnet "reserved" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reserved'' is the attribute of something that is the *object (*patient) of a ''Reserving'' action (an object, a location, a position or right).. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reserved' in WordNet: 1. reserved - (set aside for the use of a particular person or party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ReservedSeat :ldoce "place", "seat" ; :wnsense "place11n", "seat1n" ; :wordnet "place", "seat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ReservedSeat' is a SeatingDevice that has been reserved for some person for some period of time, or for some Event. This can be a seat in a theater, on an airplane, on a bus, or train, or any other SeatingDevice that can be reserved. This is a Role as well as a Device. NOTE that this is interpreted as being *some* seat in some location, not necessarily a specific seat, since many reservations do not apply to a specific seat, as in a restaurant, In the phrase 'he took a seat', the more general 'SeatingDevice' would be the default interpretation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seat' and sense 11 of 'place' in WordNet: 1. (9) seat, place - - (a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane); 'he booked their seats in advance'; 'he sat in someone else's place') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, :Role, :SeatingDevice . :Reserves-ArmedForces :guid "c05008d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reserves1n" ; :wordnet "reserves" ; a :MilitaryOrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of military forces belonging to some country but not as part of its regular forces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reserves' in WordNet: 1. (5) militia, reserves - (civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentMilitaryOrganization, :ModernMilitaryOrganization . :Reserving :wnsense "reserve1v", "save2v", "set aside1v" ; :wordnet "reserve", "save", "set aside" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reserving'' is an Action in which an agent retains and does not use some resource (including time, money, effort, or a PhysicalObject) and thereby sets it aside for future use, even when the future use is not yet decided, but a ''ReserveSupply'' is created.. This type includes routine saving of money as in 'saving up for a rainy day'. The subtype ''Earmarking'' is also a retaining possession, but where the future use of the resource is already known and specified. The more specific reserving of money is subtype ''SavingMoney''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reserve' and sense 2 of 'save' in WordNet: 1. (7) reserve - (hold back or set aside, especially for future use or contingency; 'they held back their applause in anticipation') WN 'save': 2. (16) save, preserve - (to keep up and reserve for personal or special use; 'She saved the old family photographs in a drawer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SavingForFutureUse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Resource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReserveSupply ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :RetainingPossession ] . :ReservingaService :en "make a reservation for" ; :wnsense "book2v", "booking2n", "reservation4n", "reserve3v", "reserve4v" ; :wordnet "book", "booking", "reservation", "reserve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReservingaService'' is the action of 'EngagingaWorker' where the Service to be performed is in the future and needs to be 'reserved' to be sure the worker will be available. This can be for hotel rooms, meeting or party facilities, rental cars or other rental services, airplane or train seats, seats in a theater, among others. NOTE that this is the Action of the person paying for the service; the provider who 'reserves' a room or facility or seat is a different converse correlated action (rev1515 not yet added). Also the 'reservation' (agreement' thus created is not yet represented) NOTE that the Agreement made is also called a 'reservation' or 'booking' but that sense is not distinguished in WN - @ToDo - should be added under 'Contract'. Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'reserve' in WordNet (note that 'hold' seems to be for the converse correlated action of the service provider): in WordNet: 3. (1) reserve - (obtain or arrange (for oneself) in advance; 'We managed to reserve a table at Maxim's') WN nouns 'reservation': 4. (1) booking, reservation - (the act of reserving (a place or passage) or engaging the services of (a person or group); 'wondered who had made the booking') WN verb 'book': 2. (125) reserve, hold, book - (arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance; 'reserve me a seat on a flight'; 'The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family'; 'please hold a table at Maxim's') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngagingaWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHired ; owl:someValuesFrom :ServiceProvider ] . :Reservist :guid "bd772be0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reservist1n" ; :wordnet "reservist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN parents include 'enlisted person' but that may not be necessarily true. Any expert who knows?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reservist' in WordNet: 1. reservist - (a member of a military reserve) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reserves-ArmedForces ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Reservoir :wnsense "reservoir1n" ; :wordnet "reservoir" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reservoir'' is any large ''Supply'' intentionally laid aside or otherwise created to be used some future time. 'large' here means that it cannot easily be exhausted in a short time at the normal rate of usage - vague. NOTE: This is a generic 'reservoir'; for a 'reservoir' that supplies water, use subtype ''WaterReservoir''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reservoir' in WordNet: 1. (2) reservoir - (a large or extra supply of something; 'a reservoir of talent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supply, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ResetButton :wnsense "reset1n" ; :wordnet "reset" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ResetButton'' is a button or switch or other type of ''EngineeringComponent'' that can be moved or manipulated to 'reset' (start again) some ''Device'' (electrical or mechanical). This includes buttons on electronic devices such as computers that cause the computer to 'reboot', and switches on electric panels that cause a circuit breaker to resume allowing electricity to flow through that circuit, or the button on a mechanical stopwatch that resets the time to zero, or a button on an electronic timer that similarly resets the time to zero (or to some other value), and any other component with a similar 'reset' function. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reset' in WordNet: 1. reset - (device for resetting instruments or controls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngineeringComponent . :ResettingaDevice :wnsense "reset1v" ; :wordnet "reset" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ResettingaDevice'' is a ''SettingaDeviceState'' that occurs when a Device state has been set to some value and the Agent using the Device wants it to be set to a different state. There is only a little difference between this action and the ''SettingaDeviceState'' action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reset' in WordNet: 1. (1) reset - (set anew; 'They re-set the date on the clock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RedoingSomething, :SettingaDeviceState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :SettingaDeviceState ] . :Resettlement :wnsense "relocate2v", "relocation1n", "resettlement1n" ; :wordnet "relocate", "relocation", "resettlement" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Resettlement'' represents the transitive Action of some Group with an ability to find a place for people to live and to transport them there. This can be done by a Government agency (perhaps aginst the people's wishes), or by a charitable group, government or private, as for the resettlement of people displaced by war or natural disaster. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resettlement' in WordNet: 1. resettlement, relocation - (the transportation of people (as a family or colony) to a new settlement (as after an upheaval of some kind)) WN verb 'relocate' 2. relocate - (move or establish in a new location; \"We had to relocate the office because the rent was too high\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :PersonType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relocation ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :ReshapingSomething :wnsense "remold2v", "reshape1v" ; :wordnet "remold", "reshape" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ReshapingSomething'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' Action that changes the Shape of a PhysicalObject after it has undergone a prior ''ShapingSomething'' Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reshape' in WordNet: 2. reshape, remold - (shape again or shape differently) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RedoingSomething, :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ShapingSomething ] . :Residence :CYC "ModernHumanResidence" ; :guid "bd58f076-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "living quarters1n", "quarters1n", "residence1n" ; :wordnet "living quarters", "quarters", "residence" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'ModernHumanResidence' in Cyc: A construct containing one or more residential units. In COSO this is a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'' and should have a 'front entrance' (so that the ''Backyard'' can be identified). Cyc: A specialization of both #$HumanResidence and #$ModernShelterConstruction. Each instance of #$ModernHumanResidence is a humanly constructed shelter of a modern type in which people live. Such residences are the typical dwellings in the developed world of the late 20th century and may be found in the more affluent regions of the developing world. Examples include houses in suburban 'developments', modern apartment buildings, 'modular' homes, etc. NOTE that buildings designed for temporary residents such as hotels and hospitals are included in this Type. SUMO: A Building or part of a Building which provides some accomodation for sleeping. This exact sense of 'residence' is not represented in WordNet - the closest seems to be sense 1 (though this is classified as 'an address'), and sense 2 gloss suggest that this is only for an 'important person', but **is** a house.: The WN synset 'living quarters, quarters' is interpreted as a living unit for one family unit (one or more people). This will be part of a ''ResidentialBuilding''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'living quarters' and noun senses 1 of 'residence' in Wordnet: 1. living quarters, quarters - (housing available for people to live in; 'he found quarters for his family\"; \"I visited his bachelor quarters') WN noun 'residence': 1. (11) residence, abode - (any address at which you dwell more than temporarily; 'a person can have several residences') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :Lodging, :PlaceOfResidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ResidentialBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ResidentialLot ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :ResidencePostalAddress a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ResidencePostalAddress is an AddressString which is the postal address for a residence, which also serves as an Address for the location at which the residence is. The residence must be the primary residence of the Person. A post office box number or APO is not a ResidencePostalAddress, it must be an address for a house or apartment which will allow a person to find that location.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PostalAddress, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Residence ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Resident :wnsense "occupant1n", "occupier1n", "resident1n" ; :wordnet "occupant", "occupier", "resident" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Resident'' is a human subtype of ''Inhabitant''. Each ''Resident'' resides in some ''Place''. The ''Place'' usually specified is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' (country, state, city) but could be a house, apartment building, or residential complex, refugee camp, slum, Does 'under a bridge'count?. This is formally for Persons who 'reside' in or 'live' in or 'inhabit' a place, but is sometimes used metaphorically for animals. Includes noun sense 1 of 'resident' and sense 1 of 'inhabitant' in WordNet: 1. (6) resident, occupant, occupier - (someone who lives at a particular place for a prolonged period or who was born there) WN noun 'inhabitant': 1. (4) inhabitant, habitant, dweller, denizen, indweller - (a person who inhabits a particular place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Inhabitant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :residesIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeopoliticalEntity :Place :LocationType ) ] ] . :Residential :pertainsTo :Residence ; :wnsense "residential1adj" ; :wordnet "residential" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Residential'' is the attribute pertaining to anything related to a ''Residence'' whether part of, used in making, serving as, or characteristically associated with a ''Residence''.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'residential' in WordNet: 1. (13) residential - (used or designed for residence or limited to residences; 'a residential hotel'; 'a residential quarter'; 'a residential college'; 'residential zoning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ResidentialBuilding :en "residential building" ; :enn "residential building" ; :guid "81e2c682-5b0b-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$HumanLargeGroupOccupationConstructs intended to serve as permanent residences for a large number of people, e.g. an #$ApartmentBuilding or a #$Condominium. SUMO: A Building which provides some accomodation for sleeping. Note that this class does not cover just permanent residences, e.g. Houses and condominium and apartment buildings, but also temporary residences, e.g. hotels and dormitories. ResidentialBuildings are also distinguished from CommercialBuildings, which are intended to serve an organizational rather than a residential function. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :Residence . :ResidentialLandscaping :wnsense "landscaping2n" ; :wordnet "landscaping" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ResidentialLandscaping'' is the {lants around a ''Residence''' located on a ''ResidentialLot'' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'landscaping' in WordNet: 2. landscaping - (a garden laid out for esthetic effect; \"they spent a great deal of money on the landscaping\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garden, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Residence ] . :ResidentialLot :en "residential lot" ; :ldoce "lot" ; :wnsense "lot2n" ; :wordnet "lot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ResidentialLot'' is a ''Lot'' on which a ''ResidentialBuilding'' (a structure) is located. A vacant lot does not qualify, even if zoned for residential use. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 2 of 'lot' in WordNet: 2. (101) lot - (a parcel of land having fixed boundaries; 'he bought a lot on the lake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ResidentialBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ResidentialBuilding ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] ; owl:disjointWith :VacantLot . :ResidentsAtTime :ldoce "population" ; :wnsense "population1n" ; :wordnet "population" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all people living and formally residing in some geographical area or ''GeopoliticalRegion'' at a particular time. Inclusion in the population is determined by location of the residence, not by citizenship. This can be used to specify the value of the population of an area - the restriction 'hasCardinalityNumber' and the time of the count must be specified for any instance. This is used as the domain of relation ''hasPopulationAtTime''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'population' in WordNet: 1. (27) population - (the people who inhabit a territory or state; 'the population seemed to be well fed and clothed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanPopulation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :atTime ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DateTimeExtendedGroup :TimeInterval ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :Residing :en "inhabiting", "living", "residing" ; :ldoce "live" ; :wnsense "abidance2n", "dwell3v", "inhabit1v", "live1v", "reside1v", "residence3n", "residency1n" ; :wordnet "abidance", "dwell", "inhabit", "live", "reside", "residence", "residency" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Residing' is the PersistentState of a Person 'Lodging' (staying overnight) at a place where one intends to sleep most frequently *or* to maintain as an official 'Residence' for legal or other social purposes. This is not for a short stay at a hotel or motel intended to e temporary.. For non-human animals dwelling somewhere use 'DwellingSomewhere'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'reside' and part of verb sense 1 of 'live' in WordNet: 1. (10) reside, shack, domicile, domiciliate - (make one's home in a particular place or community; 'my parents reside in Florida') WN verb 'live': 1. (133) dwell, live, inhabit - (inhabit or live in; 'People lived in Africa millions of years ago'; 'The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted'; 'this kind of fish dwells near the bottom of the ocean') WN noun 'residency': 1. residency, residence, abidance - (the act of dwelling in a place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LodgingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lodging ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Residue :wnsense "residue1n" ; :wordnet "residue" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A film of substance remaining after some event that removes most of the starting material. Most commonly, this is used to refer to remainders after evaporation, but the subtype 'Ashes' is part of the included meaning. @ToDo: the restriction is for solids after evaporation - should be used only in a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'residue' in WordNet: 1. (3) residue - (matter that remains after something has been removed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :ResidueObject :wnsense "residue1n" ; :wordnet "residue" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A film of substance remaining after some event that removes most of the starting material. Most commonly, this is used to refer to remainders after evaporation, but the subtype 'Ashes' is part of the included meaning. This is an Object - for the coresponding substance use ''Residue''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'residue' in WordNet: 1. (3) residue - (matter that remains after something has been removed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residue ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Resignation :guid "c0ed0d20-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "resignation1n", "surrender1n" ; :wordnet "resignation", "surrender" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The stage of 'despair'' in which a Person loses all hope for something wished for, decides to tolerate it rather than resist it, and is 'resigned' to whatever fate that brings. CYC 'Defeatedness-Feeling': The feeling of despair and loss one feels when defeated or overthrown. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resignation' in WordNet: 1. (1) resignation, surrender - (acceptance of despair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Despair, :Tolerating . :Resigned :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Resignation ; :wnsense "resigned1adj", "resigned2adj" ; :wordnet "resigned" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resigned'' is the attribute of someone experiencing the Feeling of ''Resignation''. The difference between WN senses 1 and 2 is not clear. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'resigned' in Wordnet: 1. resigned - ((followed by 'to') having come to accept; 'resigned to his fate') 2. abject, resigned, unhopeful - (showing utter resignation or hopelessness; 'abject surrender') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreed, :Friendly . :Resigning :en "quitting a job", "resigning" ; :wnsense "give up7v", "renounce2v", "resign1v", "resignation2n", "vacate1v" ; :wordnet "give up", "renounce", "resign", "resignation", "vacate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Voluntarily leaving a position that has rights or responsibilities. This can be employent (subtype 'ResigningFromEmploment'') or some position of authority or responsibilty (see subtype ''Abdication'') or refusing to perform an action that is a obligation of a responsibility (as in 'abdicating ones responsibility') Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'resign' in Wordnet: 1. (9) vacate, resign, renounce, give up - (leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily; 'She vacated the position when she got pregnant'; 'The chairman resigned when he was found to have misappropriated funds') WN noun 'resignation': 2. (1) resignation - (the act of giving up (a claim or office or possession etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuittingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voluntary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :ResigningFromEmployment :en "resigning" ; :wnsense "resign1v" ; :wordnet "resign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Voluntarily leaving a position that has rights or responsibilities. This can be employent (subtype 'ResigningFromEmploment'') or some position of authority (see dubtype ''Abdication''). SUMO: Voluntarily ending one's employment. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'resign' in Wordnet: 1. (9) vacate, resign, renounce, give up - (leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily; 'She vacated the position when she got pregnant'; 'The chairman resigned when he was found to have misappropriated funds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmploymentTermination, :Resigning . :Resilience :wnsense "resilience1n", "resiliency2n" ; :wordnet "resilience", "resiliency" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resilience'' is a type of ''Elasticity'' exhibited by long and thin objects that have a moderate degree of stiffness, and can be bent to some extent and then return to their original shape. This is the property of a 'spring' as well as of beams that can bend under weight and return to their original shape after the weight is removed, but not of a rubber band, which is elastic but not stiff engough to hold its shape under normal gravity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resilience' in WordNet: 1. (1) resilience, resiliency - (the physical property of a material that can return to its original shape or position after deformation that does not exceed its elastic limit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elasticity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spring-Device ; owl:onProperty :isaCapabilityOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Resilient ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Resilient ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ] . :Resilient :isAnAttributeValueOf :Spring-Device ; :wnsense "bouncy1adj", "live6adj", "lively4adj", "resilient2adj", "springy1adj" ; :wordnet "bouncy", "live", "lively", "resilient", "springy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'resilient' in Wordnet: 2. bouncy, live, lively, resilient, springy - (elastic; rebounds readily; 'clean bouncy hair'; 'a lively tennis ball'; 'as resilient as seasoned hickory'; 'springy turf') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elastic . :Resin :guid "c00f55c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "resin1n", "rosin1n" ; :wordnet "resin", "rosin" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A semisolid to solid substance secreted as a gooey liquid by trees and hardened in the air. CYC (in CYC an Object, in COSMO a Substance) The collection of all pieces of resin that are naturally occurring; generally these come from plant secretions. Resins are yellow to brown, translucent to transparent, and vary in their physical state from semisolid to solid and very hard. NOTE: the term 'resin' is also used in chemistry to refer to synthetic granular polymeric materials prepared for use in chromatography. As of rev1145 that sense is not represented in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resin' in WordNet: 1. resin, rosin - (any of a class of solid or semisolid viscous substances obtained either as exudations from certain plants or prepared by polymerization of simple molecules) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalTangibleStuff, :OrganicSubstance . :Resistance :eng "dissenting", "opposing", "resisting" ; :wnsense "opposition1n", "resist3v", "resistance10n" ; :wordnet "opposition", "resist", "resistance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resistance'' is a ''SupportingAction'' that is also an ''Opposing'' - in which the thing supported is the *reversal* of some action that has occurred or situation that currently exists, which is opposed by those performing the ''Resistance''. Includes noun senses 1 and 10 of 'resistance' and noun sense 2 of 'protest' and verb sense 3 of 'resist' in WordNet: 1. (6) resistance, opposition - (the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; 'he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens'; 'despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead') 10. resistance - (group action in opposition to those in power) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opposing, :SupportingAction . :Resistant :isTheOppositeOf :Susceptible ; :wnsense "resistant3adj" ; :wordnet "resistant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Resistant' is the parent category of AttributeValues that specify an ability of something to 'resist' some action or event that might cause it harm. This does not mean that the harm that is resisted cannot happen, it is just much less likely to happen than to another thing of the same type that is not resistant. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'resistant' in WordNet: 3. resistant - (impervious to being affected; 'resistant to the effects of heat'; 'resistant to persuasion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insensitive . :ResistantToCorrosion :en "corrosion resistant" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SolidObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :Corrosion ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ResistantToCorrosion'' is the Attribute of SolidObjects (especially metal objects) that 'resist' (have less than typical suscpetibility) corrosion of some kind. The most commonly referenced subtype is ''Rustproof'', being resistant to rusting. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resistant . :ResistantToDisease :en "disease resistant" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Organism ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :AnimalDisease ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute that assigns some form (any form) or resistance to disease. This can be for plants or animals - maybe microbes resistant to bacteriophages?""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resistant . :Resistible :isTheOppositeOf :Overwhelming ; :wnsense "resistible1adj" ; :wordnet "resistible" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resistible'' characterizes anything that can be resisted, by any 'agent' human or natural. Very broad. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resistible' in WordNet: 1. resistible - (capable of being resisted or withstood or frustrated; 'a resistible attack'; 'such resistible temptations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Weak . :ResistingChange :en "resisting change" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ResistingChange'' is a ''ResistingaPolicy' where the policy causes a change in something from traditional to less conforming to older norms or morals. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ResistingaPolicy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conservative ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :ResistingMotion :wnsense "fend2v", "resist4v", "stand11v" ; :wordnet "fend", "resist", "stand" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ResistingMotion'' is a PersistentState in which some Object provides resistance to its own motion against some Force, or resists the motion of another Object by itself being firmly attached in some way (perhaps only by gravity) to a larger object, perhaps the ground. The resisting Object can be inanimate or animate, but the resistance must be resisting a Force that would otherwise move the resisting Object. This corresponds most closely to part of verb sense 4 of 'resist' in WordNet: 4. (1) resist, stand, fend - (withstand the force of something; 'The trees resisted her'; 'stand the test of time'; 'The mountain climbers had to fend against the ice and snow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemainingInaLocation . :ResistingaPolicy :eng "resisting" ; :wnsense "dissent2v", "protest2v", "resist3v" ; :wordnet "dissent", "protest", "resist" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ResistingaPolicy' is a ''Resistance'' using some method of 'protesting' that is performed by one or more people and is directed at preventing or reversing some policy or Action of some government or governmental agency or business of other Organization whose actions have widespread effects, including commercial organizations. ''ResistingaPolicy'' includes resistance to some individual enforcing that policy - e.g. to a government or head of government. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'resist' in WordNet: 3. (2) protest, resist, dissent - (express opposition through action or words; 'dissent to the laws of the country') WN noun 'protest': 2. (4) protest, objection, dissent - (the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resistance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protest ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Resistor :guid "bd58b9b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "resistor1n" ; :wordnet "resistor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An electrical device used to impede the flow of electrical current. SUMO: A Device which resists passage of an electric current through it. It is used for various purposes in an electrical circuit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resistor' in Wordnet: 1. (7) resistor, resistance - (an electrical device that resists the flow of electrical current) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, :TwoTerminalElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Resolution :wnsense "resolution1n" ; :wordnet "resolution" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Resolution'' is an ''AbstractDocument'' that represents an instanceof the results of a ''Deciding-Collectively'' Event, performed by a ''GroupOfPeople'' by ''Voting'' at a ''FormalMeeting''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resolution' in WordNet: 1. (12) resolution, declaration, resolve - (a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :FormalMeeting ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deciding-Collectively ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voting ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decision ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Resolution-Emotion :guid "bd5881f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "firmness of purpose1n", "firmness2n", "resoluteness1n", "resolution3n", "resolve1n" ; :wordnet "firmness", "firmness of purpose", "resoluteness", "resolution", "resolve" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: essentially the same as the subtype 'Determination'. @ToDo: consider if these are ''Feeling''s or ''Trait''s?? Cyc: Emotion of one who is firm of mind and purpose, capable of resisting temptations or surrender in face of opposition, danger or hardship Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resolution' in WordNet: 3. (2) resoluteness, firmness, firmness of purpose, resolve, resolution - (the trait of being resolute; 'his resoluteness carried him through the battle'; 'it was his unshakeable resolution to finish the work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Resolved :isAnAttributeValueOf :DisputeEvent, :Issue, :IssueOfDispute, :ProblemSituation ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ResolvingAnIssue ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unresolved ; :wnsense "resolved2n", "solved2adj" ; :wordnet "resolved", "solved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: the WN synset 'solved, resolved' appears to be for problems that have been solved, but that can be mathematical problems or routine matters of how to do an action. The term 'resolved' is used for resolving issues of more than minimal importance. Corresponds to part (for ''ResolvingAnIssue'') of adjective sense 1 of 'solved' in Wordnet: 1. solved, resolved - (explained or answered; 'mysteries solved and unsolved; problems resolved and unresolved') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Resolved-Determined :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Resolution-Emotion ; :isTheOppositeOf :Indecisive ; :wnsense "resolved1adj", "single-minded1adj" ; :wordnet "resolved", "single-minded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resolved-Determined'' The attribute of someone feeling ''Resolution-Emotion''. (''Reslved'' is used for *issues* that have been resolved.) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resolved' in Wordnet: 1. (2) single-minded, resolved - (determined; 'she was firmly resolved to be a doctor'; 'single-minded in his determination to stop smoking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue, :Determined . :Resolving :wnsense "resolve5v" ; :wordnet "resolve" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resolving'' is an Action by a Person or Instrument in which two or some small number of the elements of some Group are distinguished as separate entities by Perceiving, where prior to ''Resolving'' they could not be clearly recognized as distinctly different. This is the action performed by instruments that have ''ResolvingPower''. In the case of multiple points or lines in an image, there may be many distinctions made possible by an increase in Resolvingpower. Includes but is broader than the apparent vision-specific sense 1 of 'resolve' in WordNet: 5. (1) resolve - (make clearly visible; 'can this image be resolved?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distinguishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :Recognizing ] . :ResolvingAnIssue :ldoce "decide" ; :wnsense "adjudicate2v", "conclude3v", "decide2v", "resolve1v", "resolve2v", "settle2v" ; :wordnet "adjudicate", "conclude", "decide", "resolve", "settle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ResolvingAnIssue'' is a ''Deciding'' by a Person or GroupOfPeople where the question to be decided is some 'Issue'', which is of more than trivial significance to some IntelligentAgent, and this act ends the period of deciding. The more general sense of reaching a decision is represented by the parent type ''Deciding''; Settling a ''DisputeEvent'' is represented by the subtype ''SettlingaDispute''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'resolve' in WordNet: 1. (8) decide, settle, resolve, adjudicate - (bring to an end; settle conclusively; 'The case was decided'; 'The judge decided the case in favor of the plaintiff'; 'The father adjudicated when the sons were quarreling over their inheritance') 2. (6) conclude, resolve - (reach a conclusion after a discussion or deliberation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deciding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Issue ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Issue ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :ResolvingPower :wnsense "resolution2n", "resolving power1n" ; :wordnet "resolution", "resolving power" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ResolvingPower'' is a Capability of instruments that can assist ''Observing'' which includes 'Perceiving'' of both sight and sound. A higher ''ResolvingPower'' of an instrument permits making finer distinctions or observing things not observable at lower ''ResolvingPower''. The most common ''ResolvingPower'' is that of ''LensedOpticalDevice''s, permitting eeing smaller objects. But this type also applies to display devices such as computer screens, where one measure of ''ResolvingPower'' is 'pixels per inch'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'resolving power' in WordNet: 1. resolving power, resolution - (the ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InstrumentCapability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToServeInActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :Resonating :wnsense "resonate1v", "vibrate4v" ; :wordnet "resonate", "vibrate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resonating'' is what sound does when it echoes multiple times within an enclosed area. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resonate' in WordNet: 1. resonate, vibrate - (sound with resonance; 'The sound resonates well in this theater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Echoing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Resort :wnsense "holiday resort1n", "resort hotel1n", "resort1n" ; :wordnet "holiday resort", "resort", "resort hotel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Resort'' is a type of hotel located in a ''LeisureFacility'' (a 'resort area'). Typically it has recreational facilities associated.. Basically, this is any hotel-like facility that calls itself a 'resort' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resort' in WordNet: 1. (1) resort, resort hotel, holiday resort - (a hotel located in a resort area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HotelBuilding . :Resource :CYC "Resources" ; :en "resources" ; :enn "resources" ; :guid "c0c575fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "resource1n", "resource2n" ; :wordnet "resource" ; a :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Resources': The collection of all #$Resources consists in things that are useful, i.e. things that are either needed or helpful for carrying out a task or running a system. Resources include financial resources, energy resources, raw materials, information, infra-structure, Actions, the ability to perform actions (an AttributeValue) and so on. NOTE: 'resource' is singular, but this can include quantities of materials or groups of objects,and 'resources' is considered as a synonym. Certain types of people may qualify as 'Resource' - employees, slaves, contractors, etc. But 'Resource' is a Role, and not all people are Resources - it depends on the situation. Important NOTE: A Resource does not necessarily have to have a net positive value, it merely needs to be useful in some situation. Some things that may count as resources may be, depending on the situation, a 'white elephant', i.e. the cost of ownership may exceed the monetary value of its practical utility. For resources that have a net positive value, the subtype 'Asset' is used. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'resource' in WordNet: 1. (12) resource - (available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed) 2. (8) resource - (a source of aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed; 'the local library is a valuable resource') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :UsefulThing, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :ResourceRatio a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ResourceRatio'' is a ''UnitOfMeasure'' that is a qualitative 'ratio' of one ''Resource'' to another ''Resource''. The ''Resource's can be of any type, but will typically be things that are useful such as Physical Objects, Substances, ''PersonHour''s, ''QuantityOfMoney'', or anything else that can be used as a Resource to produce some Produce (Object, Event). The type of 'resource' ouput or input is not restricted for this ''UnitOfmeasure'' When used in an ''EfficiencyValue'' this needs the first element to be the output quantity and the second element to be the input quantity. For any given measure of ''EfficiencyValue'' an instance of this type may need to be created (if not already created) to specify the output and input, in order to be used as a ''UnitOfMeasure''. The label for each instance of ''ResourceRatio'' should have a 'Per' inserted between the output resource and the input resource. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :ResourceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ResourceType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for objects, whether abstract or physical, and an argument restriction for various relations on types of things that can be used as ''Resource''s in Actions./ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoleType . :Resourceful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "resourceful1n" ; :wordnet "resourceful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resourceful' in Wordnet: 1. resourceful - (having inner resources; adroit or imaginative; 'someone who is resourceful is capable of dealing with difficult situations'; 'an able and resourceful politician'; 'the most resourceful cook in town') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Respect :guid "bd588a38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasContrastingFeeling :Contempt ; :ldoce "respect" ; :wnsense "esteem3n", "regard7n", "respect3n" ; :wordnet "esteem", "regard", "respect" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Respect is some agent's feeling of just regard, consideration, or appreciation for the worth of someone or something. Instances of #$Respect vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the object of the feeling. Specializations of #$Respect include #$Awe, #$Reverence, and #$Admiration. The SocialState of being respected is represented by 'BeingRespected' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'respect' in WordNet: 3. (5) respect, esteem, regard - (an attitude of admiration or esteem; 'she lost all respect for him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling . :Respectable :isAnAttributeValueOf :PersonalEthics ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Honor ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Respect ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :BeingRespected ; :wnsense "respectable1adj" ; :wordnet "respectable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Respectable'' is an AttributeValue of people who are disposed to behave according to socal norms. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'respectable' in Wordnet: 1. (5) respectable - (characterized by proper behavior or conventional conduct; worthy of respect; \"a respectable woman\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Respected :isTheOppositeOf :HeldInContempt ; :wnsense "respected1adj", "well-thought-of1adj" ; :wordnet "respected", "well-thought-of" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having the respect of most members of the community. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'respected' in WordNet: 1. (2) respected, well-thought-of - - (receiving deferential regard; 'a respected family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :Respectful :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Respect ; :ldoce "respectful" ; :wnsense "respectful1adj" ; :wordnet "respectful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Respect toward something. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'respectful' in WordNet: 1. (3) respectful - (full of or exhibiting respect; 'respectful behavior'; 'a respectful glance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Respective :wnsense "respective1adj", "several1adj", "various2adj" ; :wordnet "respective", "several", "various" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Respective'' is an AttributeValue of things that are to be considered individually in the order mentioned previously in a sentence or paragraph.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'respective' in Wordnet: 1. (4) respective, several, various - (considered individually; 'the respective club members'; 'specialists in their several fields'; 'the various reports all agreed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Respectively :wnsense "respectively1adv", "severally3adv" ; :wordnet "respectively", "severally" ; a :Adverb, :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType ; rdfs:comment """''Respectively'' is an AdverbialModifier that occurs after one list of items in a sentence, and refers back to a revious list in the same sentence, indicting that the items in the second list refer to the items in the first list, each in the second list being in the same ordered position in the first list. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'respectively' in WordNet: 1. (18) respectively, severally - (in the order given; 'the brothers were called Felix and Max, respectively') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Respiration :guid "bd59061e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "respiration1n", "respiration2n", "respiration3n", "respire2v", "respire3v" ; :wordnet "respiration", "respire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This type includes cellular respiration, and as subtype the common ''AirRespiration'',one cycle of breathing in and out performed by the lungs of vertebrates. ''Respiration'' also has the subtype ''Breathing'', a repeated sequence of ''''AirRespiration'''' and that has the subtype ''ArtificialRespiration'', which is ''AirRespiration'' assisted by a ''Respirator''. NOTE: this type includes he respiration of fishes that use gills rather than lungs. That type should be but is not yet represented as a subtyp. CYC: A specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary. Each instance of #$Respiration is a process through which an instance of #$Animal acquires oxygen for its cells, and releases carbon dioxide formed by those cells into the atmosphere. Includes noun sense 1 of 'Respiration' and verb sense 2 of 'respire' in Wordnet: 1. (1) respiration, internal respiration, cellular respiration - (the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs) WN verb 'respire': 2. respire - (undergo the biomedical and metabolic processes of respiration by taking up oxygen and producing carbon monoxide) (sic? should be dioxide!) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary . :Respirator :wnsense "inhalator1n", "respirator1n" ; :wordnet "inhalator", "respirator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'respirator' in WordNet: 1. respirator, inhalator - (a breathing device for administering long-term artificial respiration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreathingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtificialRespiration ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Respiratory :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfPeople ; :pertainsTo :AirRespiration, :Respiration, :RespiratoryAilment, :RespiratoryTract ; :wnsense "respiratory1adj" ; :wordnet "respiratory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'respiratory' in Wordnet: 1. (13) respiratory - (pertaining to respiration; 'respiratory assistance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RespiratoryAilment :en "respiratory ailment" ; :guid "bd63c212-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "respiratory disease1n", "respiratory disorder1n", "respiratory illness1n" ; :wordnet "respiratory disease", "respiratory disorder", "respiratory illness" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AilmentCondition. Each instance of #$RespiratoryAilment is a state of sickness that impacts the respiratory system more severely than it impacts any other system. This collection includes chronic diseases such as #$Emphysema and (#$CancerFn #$Lung), as well as #$CommonCold. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'respiratory disease' in WordNet: 1. respiratory disease, respiratory illness, respiratory disorder - (a disease affecting the respiratory system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition . :RespiratoryTract :wnsense "airway3n", "respiratory tract1n" ; :wordnet "airway", "respiratory tract" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'respiratory tract' in WordNet: 1. (2) respiratory tract, airway - (the passages through which air enters and leaves the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyTract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirRespiration ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Lung ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trachea ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breathing ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :Respondent :wnsense "respondent1n" ; :wordnet "respondent" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Respondent'' is a ''Litigant'' who is not a principle, neither a complainant nor defendant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'respondent' in WordNet: 1. respondent - (the codefendant (especially in a divorce proceeding) who is accused of adultery with the corespondent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartyInaCourtCase . :Responder :wnsense "answerer1n", "respondent2n", "responder1n" ; :wordnet "answerer", "respondent", "responder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Responder'' is a broad type including anyone who 'respnds' in any manner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'responder' in WordNet: 1. respondent, responder, answerer - (someone who responds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Responding ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Responding :en "react to", "respond to", "responding" ; :wnsense "react1v", "respond1v" ; :wordnet "react", "respond" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Responding' is an instance of an Action in which an agent (human or non-human animal or computer) performs an Action that is motivated by some *specific* Event that has *recently* occurred (perhaps one that creates a situation that provides a cause for quick action) - a natural event a need, an urge, a computer input (by a Person or another computer), an external request or demand, some rule imposed, a threat, or a deadline looming. The Role of the Event causing the ''Responding'' is a '*'Stimulus''*, pointed to by the relation *''wasaResponseToEvent''*. Thus this is the 'response' element of the classic *'stimuus-response'* scenario. A ''Responding'' is a subtype of ''Reaction'' that assumes that the agent doing the responding has the option of not responding or of choosing from options; an Effect that is caused by some Event that cannot be characterized as a ''Stimulus'' is a ''Reaction'' (a parent type of ''Responding'') - Effecs forced byt the laws of nature without the intervention of an agent are not instances of ''Responding''. This is a very broad category of Actions (see subtypes), and only requires that the Action be motivated by some identifiable 'Stimulus'' (including internal Events such as urges or Feelings, provided that they are new and not StaticSituations), Subtypes of 'Responding' include 'Compliance' (responding to a demand) and 'FulfillingaRequest' (responding to a request), and the reponses of computers to ''Input'' (a subtype of ''Stimulus''. Responding to an emergency situation (slomething done by police and firefighters and EMTs) is also an instance, but not yet represented as of rev789. Linguistic responses to communications are also included - see the subtype 'Answering'. Responding to requests can be positive or negative; only the positive responses are instances of the subtype 'ConformingAction'. The Event to which the Action is a response is pointed to by the relation 'wasaResponseToEvent'. The restriction requires that the causative Event be specified for each instance of 'Responding'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'respond' in WordNet: WN verb 'respond' 1. (33) react, respond - (show a response or a reaction to something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Reaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Stimulus :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Responsive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RespondingToAnEmergency :en "emergency response", "response to an emergency" ; :eng "responding to an emergency" ; :enn "emergency response", "response to an emergency" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emergency ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FirstResponder ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Emergency ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ] . :RespondingToTouch :en "respond to touch" ; :eng "responding to touch" ; :env "respond to touch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RespondingToTouch'' is a ''Responding'' that is stimulated by a 'Touching'' Event. This can be done by Organisms or Devices. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalReaction, :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType :Organism :OrganismType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalContactMakingEvent ] . :Responsibility :wnsense "province2n", "responsibility1n", "responsibility2n" ; :wordnet "province", "responsibility" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To have a Responsibility is a state in which a Person has a certain SocialRelation to some Event, past, future, or hypothetical, in which the Agent with the responsibility participates. This is also treated in 'ResponsibilitySituation' and the exact logical representation of these concepts in COSMO has not been finalized. @ToDo - relations between Responsibility and ResponsibilitySituation. The restriction on 'refersToExternalEntity' requires that each instance of Responsibilty point to the Action or ActionType that the Agent is responsible for. This is broad, and includes a responsibility (duty) to do something as well as a responsibility (fault) for having done something bad. NOTE also the subtype 'Fault' being a responsibility in the sense of having been a causal agent for some undesirable event. To have a Responsibilty for some past Event, the Agent with the Responsibility must have performed the Event or must have been able to prevent it by reasonable effort. See, e.g. the subtype 'Fault'. Agents are related to their Responsibilities by the relation 'hasResponsibility'. A subtype of Responsibility is an Obligation, which represents a situation where the Agent with the Obligation must perform some FutureSituation, or suffer some negative consequences. This differs from the parent type Responsibilty in that Responsibilty can relate to past situations - a person can be responsible for having performed some action - and the consequences of that past Action may be positive - the Agent may get credit for doing something praiseworthy. WordNet mixes this concept into senses 1 and 2 of 'Responsibility'; 'Responsibility' in COSMO includes 'Obligation' as a subtype, so WN sense 1 is closest to this type; however sense 3 is interpreted as the trait of being habitually consciencious in discharging one's responsibilities, and is not included here, even though the example seems to be an example of sense 2 (!) in WordNet: 1. (17) duty, responsibility, obligation - (the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; 'we must instill a sense of duty in our children'; 'every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty'- John D.Rockefeller Jr) 2. (2) province, responsibility - (the proper sphere or extent of your activities; 'it was his province to take care of himself') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalReferringThing, :IntangibleExistingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ResponsibleForAnAction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ] . :ResponsibilitySituation :en "responsibility" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ResponsibilitySituation is a RoleSituation in which some 'IntentionalAgent' is objectively (this is not a belief) the Agent who has caused some past Event (having the credit or blame), or has an Obligation to perform some future action. The latter (future) Responsibility is also an Obligation. This sense of 'responsibility' has some of the character of an Attribute that attaches to a person, but in COSMO it is treated as a PersistentState; this is logically equivalent, in that the nature of the State is to have a particular Attribute, or more precisely, to have a relation to the Event that an Agent is responsible for. Can also be called: ** 'being responsible for something (good or bad) that happened' or 'being responsible for some future event' ** This state will often be the *topic* of assertions that assign blame or credit. - see 'Blaming' for an example. Such assertions will assert a belief that a ResponsibilitySituation involving an Agent exists. This differs from 'Responsibility' in that a 'Responsibility' is a MentalObject, and a ResponsibilitySituation is a state, which is disjoint with Object. @ToDo: The exact relationship between these two notions has not yet (v0.49) been formalized. NOTE REv1297: more detail added. NOTE that adding parent 'SocialState' attempts to incorporate the notion in WN that this is largely a function of societal recognition of person's Role in an Event - this may present a borderline conflict with 'MentalEvent'. This sense is not closely represented in WordNet - senses 1 and 2 in RHW area close: in RHW: 1. the state or fact of being responsible. 2.an instance of being responsible: The responsibility for this mess is yours! responsibility """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalEvent, :RoleSituation, :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaResponsibilityOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ] . :ResponsibiltyForPastEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ResponsibiltyForPastEvent' is a Responsibility that asserts that an IntelligentAgent either performed,assisted in, or allowed to happen some past event. that past Event may have been a good or bad thing. If it was a Bad thing (from someone's perspective, then that responsibility is also a Fault (see 'Fault') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :UndesirableThing . :Responsible :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :DeservingSomething ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'responsible' in Wordnet: 1. (9) responsible - (worthy of or requiring responsibility or trust; or held accountable; 'a responsible adult'; 'responsible journalism'; 'a responsible position'; 'the captain is responsible for the ship's safety'; 'the cabinet is responsible to the parliament') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good, :WorthyOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :SituationProcessEventOrState ] . :ResponsibleForAnAction :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Responsibility ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :CreditSituation, :ResponsibilitySituation ; :wnsense "responsible for1adj", "responsible2adj" ; :wordnet "responsible", "responsible for" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Responsible'' is an AttributeValue of an ''IntentionalAgent'' who should get the blame or credit for some Action in the past that s/he did *or* for doing some Action in the future for which one has an obligation or duty. @ToDo: Responsibility and Credit need to be disentangled. for 'legally obligated' use subtype ''LegallyRequired''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'responsible' in Wordnet: 2. (1) responsible, responsible for - (being the agent or cause; 'determined who was the responsible party'; 'termites were responsible for the damage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Responsibleness :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "responsibility3n", "responsibleness1n" ; :wordnet "responsibility", "responsibleness" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeTypeType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Responsibleness'' the quality of accepting ''Responsibility' and conscientiously performing the obligations that entails.. This is a quality of people, not of ''Devices''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'responsibleness' in WordNet: 1. responsibility, responsibleness - (a form of trustworthiness; the trait of being answerable to someone for something or being responsible for one's conduct; 'he holds a position of great responsibility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goodness, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Responsible ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trustworthy ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Responsive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Answering, :PhysicalReaction, :Responding ; :wnsense "responsive2adj" ; :wordnet "responsive" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is a broad sense of 'Responsive', characterizing any form of 'response' (''Responding''). Subtypes can be more specific. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 2 of 'responsive' in Wordnet: 2. responsive - (readily reacting to people or events or stimuli; showing emotion; 'children are often the quickest and most responsive members of the audience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informative . :RestMassMeasure :wnsense "rest mass1n" ; :wordnet "rest mass" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """RestMassMeasure is the amount of mass that an object appears to have when it is measured at rest relative to the measuring equipment, in the absence of a gravitational field or an acceleration. If those conditions cannot be met, the rest mass can be calculated from special and general relativity relations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rest mass' in WordNet: 1. rest mass - ((physics) the mass of a body as measured when the body is at rest relative to an observer, an inherent property of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassMeasure . :RestStop :wnsense "lay-by1n", "layby1n", "pull-off1n", "rest area1n", "rest stop1n" ; :wordnet "lay-by", "layby", "pull-off", "rest area", "rest stop" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RestStop'' can be a simple 'pull-off' where cars can leave a highway for a period to rest, make phone calls, and if facilities are available, to use the toilet facilities. It can also have more elaborate facilities such as gasolne stations and restaurants and various 'concssions'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rest stop' in WordNet: 1. layby, lay-by, pull-off, rest area, rest stop - (designated paved area beside a main road where cars can stop temporarily; \"in England they call a rest area a lay-by\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StoppingPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Restatement :en "paraphrase", "rewording" ; :enn "paraphrase", "rewording" ; :wnsense "restatement1n" ; :wordnet "restatement" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN does not have a sense for 'paraphrase' that expresses this meaning. in RHW 'paraphrase': 1. a restatement of a text or passage giving the meaning in another form, as for clearness; rewording. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'restatement' in WordNet: 1. (4) restatement - (a revised statement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase, :Statement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rephrasing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Restating :en "repeating", "restating" ; :ldoce "repeat" ; :wnsense "ingeminate1v", "reiterate1v", "repeat1n", "repeat1v", "repeat4v", "repetition1n", "restate1v", "retell3v" ; :wordnet "ingeminate", "reiterate", "repeat", "repetition", "restate", "retell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Restating' is a 'Repeating' of some words by the same or another agent, orally or in writing. A person can repeat what another person has said; a person can repeat what s/he has said previously, a Parrot can repeat what a person has said, or can repeat itself over and over. 'He repeated his request twice'; 'The student repeated the teacher's words exactly'; 'His speech was only a repetition of the one he gave last week.' 'To avoid repeating the same word, try using a more general word instead.' Includes verb senses 1 and 4 of 'repeat' and part of noun sense 1 of 'repetition' in WordNet: WN verb 'repeat' 1. (33) repeat, reiterate, ingeminate, iterate, restate, retell - (to say, state, or perform again; 'She kept reiterating her request') 4. (7) repeat, echo - (to say again or imitate; 'followers echoing the cries of their leaders') WN noun 'repetition' 1. (2) repeat, repetition - (an event that repeats; 'the events today were a repeat of yesterday's') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Repeating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Repetitive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RestaurantBooth :wnsense "booth1n" ; :wordnet "booth" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RestaurantBooth'' is a ''SeatedAssemblyConstruct'' having a 'Table-Furniture'. that seats at least two people, inside a ''PartitionedSpace'' at the side of a Restaurant room, with at least two high-backed seats (or one curved one) fixed so that people can eat at the table while sitting there. It provides more privacy than the tables in the middle of a room, and is usually open only at one side. This can also be in a ''Barroom''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'booth' in WordNet: 1. (1) booth - (a table (in a restaurant or bar) surrounded by two high-backed benches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartitionedSpace, :SeatedAssemblyConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :RestaurantSpace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Table-Furniture ; owl:onProperty :spatiallyContains ] . :RestaurantEmployee :en "restaurant employee" ; :enn "restaurant employee" ; :wnsense "dining-room attendant1n", "restaurant attendant1n" ; :wordnet "dining-room attendant", "restaurant attendant" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RestaurantEmployee'' is a Person who is employed in some role by a Restaurant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'restaurant attendant' in WordNet: 1. dining-room attendant, restaurant attendant - (someone employed to provide service in a dining room) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, :HumanRole, :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :RestaurantOrganization ] . :RestaurantOrganization :guid "bd58f283-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "restaurant" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RestaurantOrganization' is an Organization that operates at least one 'RestaurantSpace'; it may be a chain or a franchise Organization like McDonald's. This differs from Cyc, where a chain is distinguished from the local Organization running a resaurant. In Cyc called 'Restaurant-Organization' #$Restaurant-Organization is a specialization of #$ServiceEstablishment, #$FoodServiceOrganization, and #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers. Each instance of #$Restaurant-Organization is an organization that operates individual restaurants. For example, the group of individuals that operates the Threadgills on Lamar in Austin (and no other restaurants) is an instance of #$Restaurant-Organization, while the #$Organization that owns and operates both Threadgills (the one on Lamar and the one on Barton Springs) is not an instance of this collection (that organization would be an instance of #$FoodServiceOrganization). Instances of #$Restaurant-Organization operate out of #$Restaurant-Objects. There is no corresponding WordNet sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers, :RetailOrganization . :RestaurantSpace :guid "bd5907b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "restaurant" ; :sells :Food ; :wnsense "restaurant1n" ; :wordnet "restaurant" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An area in a building where food is served in exchange for money. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'restaurant' in WordNet, but in COSMO a Restuarant does not necessarily occupy a whole building. in WordNet: 1. (7) restaurant, eating house, eating place - (a building where people go to eat) :""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, :ServiceEstablishment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :RestaurantTab :wnsense "check3n", "chit1n", "tab1n" ; :wordnet "check", "chit", "tab" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tab' in WordNet: 1. check, chit, tab - (the bill in a restaurant; 'he asked the waiter for the check') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tab, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RequestingPayment ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Resting-RelaxingEvent :guid "bd58bedf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rest" ; :wnsense "rest5v" ; :wordnet "rest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which an animal (of any kind - see also subtype ''HumanRelaxingEvent'') abstains from strenuous physical activity. This does not include ''Sleeping''. NOTE: for the more specific 'resting' performed by People, use subtype ''HumanRelaxingEvent''. NOTE: this and its subtype can be broken into shorter and longer periods of relaxation. In Cyc named 'Resting-Relaxing'. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'rest' in WordNet: 5. (4) rest - (be at rest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :BeingAwake . :Resting-Still :en "resting" ; :enadj "resting" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :GenericLocation, :PhysicalObject, :SupportingObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BeingSupported, :StayingStill ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resting-Still'' is the sense of 'resting' that is the attribute for ''PhysicalObject''s that are staying still and supported on the surface of another object - ''BeingSupported''. This also characterizes the place where or object on which the ''Resting-Still'' object is supported. 'resting on the floor'; 'resting object'; 'resting surface'; 'resting place'. \"Resting-RelaxingEvent This is distinguishable from the sense for an animal that is staying still to recuperate from activity that uses up its body energy, though the latter sense usually (but not necessarily always) includes the former sense as well. There is no WN sense of this adjective in either sense. The RHW sense 1 of 'resting' appears to include both of these senses. .RHW adj 'resting': 1. that rests; not active. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motionless . :RestingPerson :en "resting person" ; :enn "resting person" ; :wnsense "rester1n" ; :wordnet "rester" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RestingPerson'' is a ''Person'' who is ''Resting'' but not ''Asleep''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rester' in WordNet: 1. rester - (a person who rests) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Resting-RelaxingEvent ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Relaxing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Restless :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Restlessness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Fidgeting ; :isTheOppositeOf :Relaxed ; :wnsense "antsy1adj", "fidgety1adj", "fretful1adj", "itchy1adj", "restless1adj" ; :wordnet "antsy", "fidgety", "fretful", "itchy", "restless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Restless'' is an attribute of people who are are unable (usually temporarily) to relax; the opposite of Relaxed. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'restless' in Wordnet: 1. (2) antsy, fidgety, fretful, itchy, restless - (unable to relax or be still; 'a constant fretful stamping of hooves'; 'itchy for excitement'; 'a restless child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Restlessness :en "fidgets", "the fidgets" ; :guid "c1007595-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fidgetiness1n", "restlessness3n", "restlessness4n" ; :wordnet "fidgetiness", "restlessness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Restlessness is some agent's feeling of unease or agitation, marked by a lack of repose. Instances of #$Restlessness vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or the subject experiencing the feeling. NOTE: 'fidget' is used for the Person who fidgets; 'fidgets' is used for this state 'he has the fidgets'. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'restlessness' in Wordnet: 3. fidget, fidgetiness, restlessness - (a feeling of agitation expressed in continual motion; 'he's got the fidgets'; 'waiting gave him a feeling of restlessness') 4. restlessness, uneasiness, queasiness - (inability to rest or relax or be still) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Restless ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Restored :en "restored" ; :enadj "restored" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Restoring ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Restored'' is the attribute of something that was the object of a ''Restoring'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Restoring :wnsense "reconstruct4v", "reconstruction2n", "refurbishment1n", "regenerate4v", "rejuvenate4v", "renovation2n", "restoration2n", "restoration4n", "restore1v", "restore2v" ; :wordnet "reconstruct", "reconstruction", "refurbishment", "regenerate", "rejuvenate", "renovation", "restoration", "restore" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Restoring'' is a ''Regaining'' that recreates lost functionality of something that had some useful functionality, and that was lost in a ''WorseningEvent''. For a ''Restoring'' that requires recreating some PhysicalObject or part is represented by the subtype ''Renewing''. THis is broad and can refer to restoring health or vitality as well as functionality of Devices. This is broad, and can include as subtypes 'Rebuilding'' and ''TherapeuticProcess''. RWH'restore': 2. to bring back to a former, original, or normal condition, as a building, statue, or painting. 3. to bring back to a state of health, soundness, or vigor. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'restore' in WordNet: 1. (12) restore, reconstruct - (return to its original or usable and functioning condition; 'restore the forest to its original pristine condition') 2. (4) regenerate, restore, rejuvenate - (return to life; get or give new life or energy; 'The week at the spa restored me') WN noun 'reconstruction': 2. (1) reconstruction - (the activity of constructing something again) WN noun 'restoration': 2. (1) restoration - (the act of restoring something or someone to a satisfactory state) 4. renovation, restoration, refurbishment - (the state of being restored to its former good condition; 'the inn was a renovation of a Colonial house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Regaining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorseningEvent ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRestoredObject ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Restrained :en "self-restrained" ; :enadj "self-restrained" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Unemotionality ; :wnsense "reserved2adj", "reserved3adj", "restrained1adj", "reticent2adj", "unemotional2adj" ; :wordnet "reserved", "restrained", "reticent", "unemotional" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Restrained'' is an attribute of people who are displaying litle emotion, at some particular time. This is the attribute of someone with the trait ''Unemotional''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'restrained' in Wordnet: 1. (2) reserved, restrained, reticent, unemotional - (cool and formal in manner) WN adj 'reserved': 2. reserved - (marked by self-restraint and reticence; 'was habitually reserved in speech, withholding her opinion'-Victoria Sackville-West) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RestrainingCollar a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type of ''Collar'' includes Dog and at collars, but also includes collars that can be placed on a Persons neck, as with slaves being transported. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Collar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neck ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-Ringlike ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :RestrainingEmotion :en "keep one's cool" ; :eng "keeping one's cool" ; :wnsense "hold back2v", "keep back1v", "keep14v", "restrain1v", "suppress4v" ; :wordnet "hold back", "keep", "keep back", "restrain", "suppress" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RestrainingEmotion' is a ''Preventing'' specific for a Person who intentionally refrains from expressing an emotion that often causes such expression. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'restrain' in WordNet: 1. (11) restrain, suppress, keep, keep back, hold back - (keep under control; keep in check; 'suppress a smile'; 'Keep your temper'; 'keep your cool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preventing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExpressingEmotion ; owl:onProperty :prevents ] . :Restraint :wnsense "restraint3n" ; :wordnet "restraint" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeTypeType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Restraint' is a form of *negative* Capability, i.e. it is an *inability* to do something. For restrictions on movement, use 'RegionLimitation'. NOTE: this is not the *action* of one agent preventing another from doing something - that is represented by ''KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething''. This can also be viewed as an''ActionType'' (a state) and an ''AttributeTypeType'' (a ''Quality'') There are three parts to a 'Restraint' 1. A Rule or Condition or command from some agent that restrains the agent from doing something. A Restraint is an externally imposed Limitation, such as a rule as a law, parental rule, law of nature, or even a moral inhibition. 2. The type of restraint: legal, physical, moral, social 3. The Action which one is restrained from performing. Corresponds only approximately to noun sense 3 of 'restraint' in WordNet: WN restraint: 3. constraint, restraint - (the state of being physically constrained; 'dogs should be kept under restraint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Limitation . :Restricted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Restricting ; :wnsense "restricted1adj", "restricted2adj" ; :wordnet "restricted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of things that have experienced ''Restricting''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'restricted' in WordNet: 1. (2) restricted - (subject to restriction or subjected to restriction; 'of restricted importance') 2. (1) restricted, qualified - (restricted in meaning; (as e.g. 'man' in 'a tall man')) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Restricting :en "restricting" ; :ldoce "forbid" ; :wnsense "curb4v", "curtail1v", "cut back1v", "limitation5n", "restrict1v", "restriction2n" ; :wordnet "curb", "curtail", "cut back", "limitation", "restrict", "restriction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In each instance of 'Restricting', some agent creates a Rule which is a 'Restriction'. To make a Rule, one needs to be an Authority, but this is a very general concept, and the Authority can be very local or informal, such as a parent or a leader of a small group. The owner of a property is an Authority for what can be done on that property, and can create a Rule prohibiting actions on that property. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'restrict' and noun sense 2 of 'restriction'. NOTE that sense 2 pertains to the substance itself, and that is a different sense (@ToDo: how to relate it ?? 'RestrictedSubstance'??) in WordNet: 1. (9) restrict, curtail, curb, cut back - (place restrictions on; 'curtail drinking in school') 2. (5) restrict - (place under restrictions; limit access to; 'This substance is controlled') WN noun 'restriction': 2. (1) limitation, restriction - (an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaRule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Restriction ] . :Restriction :wnsense "restraint4n", "restriction1n" ; :wordnet "restraint", "restriction" ; a :PropositionType, :RuleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Restriction' is a RuleForBehavior that limits an agent's freedom to perform a specific Action or ActionType; this can merely limit the range of behavior, or, if it forbids the behavior, it will be an instance of the subtype 'Prohibition'. Many laws are Restrictions. To specify the act of 'Restricting' that produced the Restriction, use 'isTheProductOf'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'restriction' and sense 4 of 'restraint'in WordNet: 1. (5) restriction, limitation - (a principle that limits the extent of something; 'I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements') WN 'restraint': 4. restraint - (a rule or condition that limits freedom; 'legal restraints'; 'restraints imposed on imports') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RuleForBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :establishesLimitation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Limitation ] . :Restrictive :eventWithCauses :Terror ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Restricting ; :wnsense "restrictive1adj" ; :wordnet "restrictive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Restrictive'' is an attribute applied to things that tend to cause some degree of ''Restricting''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'restrictive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) restrictive - (serving to restrict; 'teenagers eager to escape restrictive home environments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Restroom :guid "bd58ddeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any room that contains a toilet. Specs are the various kinds. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amenity, :PartOfBuilding, :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toilet ; owl:onProperty :physicallyContains ] . :RestructuringSomething :en "restructuring" ; :eng "restructuring" ; :wnsense "reconstitute1v", "restructure1v" ; :wordnet "reconstitute", "restructure" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''RestructuringSomething'' includes 'restructuring' of business enterprises, as may be done after a corporate merger, as well as individuals restructuring their way of doing something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'restructure' in WordNet: 1. restructure, reconstitute - (construct or form anew or provide with a new structure; 'After his accident, he had to restructure his life'; 'The governing board was reconstituted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActionGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Result :ldoce "result" ; :wnsense "result1n", "result3n" ; :wordnet "result" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Result'' is what is obtained as (possibly part) of the outcome of some ''Event'', such as a test, contest or any other activity, natural or intentional, that can be said to have a 'result'. This is a very broad concept. spanning several disjoint types of entities. The 'result' of an Event can be an InformationObject, another Event (including PersistentStates), an Object that is produced, or a Change (e.g. in the attributes of something). Even Events that are not intentional actions (e.g. a landslide) can have a 'Result', which in that case would also be an Effect. NOTE that this type ''Result'' is a Role that is played by *anything* of any type that can be said to be the result of an Event. But it is not necessary to coerce every result of an action pointed to by the 'hasResult'' relation into an instance of that type. The type is there to allow discussion of 'results' when the situation calls for that to be explicit. Because a Result can be either an Object or a State, only the subtypes can take on the more specific types 'EventType' or 'ObjectType'. @ToDo: should all Results be states (including test scores?). Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'result' in WordNet: 1. (97) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot - (a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; 'the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise'; 'his decision had depressing consequences for business'; 'he acted very wise after the event') 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :ResultOfaChange :ldoce "change" ; :wnsense "change6n" ; :wordnet "change" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ResultOfaChange'' is the thing (object, event, attribute) that is the result of a ''Change'', being different from the corresponding thing before the change. This can be of any type. This entity would be the second element in a ''Difference'' that results from a ''ChangeEvent'' if the changed thing is an Attribute. entities of this kind can be imaginary or hypothetical, when intelligent agents try to imagine what can be different if some action is taken. Corresponds to sense 6 of noun 'change' in WordNet: 6. (1) change - (a thing that is different; 'he inspected several changes before selecting one') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difference . :Resulting :isAnAttributeValueOf :Result ; :wnsense "consequent1adj", "ensuant1adj", "resultant1adj", "resulting1adj", "sequent2adj" ; :wordnet "consequent", "ensuant", "resultant", "resulting", "sequent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resulting'' is an attribute applied to things that were the result of something.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'resulting' in Wordnet: 1. (7) consequent, ensuant, resultant, resulting, sequent - (following as an effect or result; 'the period of tension and consequent need for military preparedness'; 'the ensuant response to his appeal'; 'the resultant savings were considerable'; 'the health of the plants and the resulting flowers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Resuming :wnsense "re-start2v", "restart2v", "resume1v" ; :wordnet "re-start", "restart", "resume" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resuming'' is a Continuation of any kind of action that follows a pause. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'resume' in WordNet: 1. (17) resume, restart, re-start - (take up or begin anew; 'We resumed the negotiations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Continuation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pause ; owl:onProperty :alwaysFollows ] . :Resumption :wnsense "resumption1n" ; :wordnet "resumption" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Resumption is any Event which follows temporally another Event of the same type (with the same participants), but only after a time interval in which that type of Event is not in progress. The combination of the prior and subsequent Events is also an Event of that type, but discontinuous. This notion is related to the notion that a homogeneous Event can be decomposed into temporal parts of the same type, In Cyc such Event types are called 'processes' but that term is used in COSMO only for FunctionalProcesses, which are intimately related to but different from Events. NOTE that if there is no intermission in an Event so that the same Process (with the same participants) that defines the Event occurs in the time interval immediately before the Event under consideration, the Event under consideration would be a 'Continuation' rather than a 'resumption'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resumption' in Wordnet: 1. (1) resumption, recommencement - (beginning again) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :Resurrecting :en "resuscitation", "resuscite" ; :eng "resurrecting", "resuscitating" ; :wnsense "raise27v", "resurrect1v", "upraise1v" ; :wordnet "raise", "resurrect", "upraise" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resurrecting'' is a ''Restoring'' that recreates lost functionality of a dead Animal (no metaphorical use here), usually used for ''DeadPerson''s *or* those who are clinically 'dead', such as having no breathing or heartbeat. The ''Resurrecting'' of persons dead for more than a day,with no probability due to normal body functioning is used only in fictional or religious or mythological contexts. NOTE: the term 'resuscitate'' in WN is used only for returning to consciousness, but the reversal of clilnical death (restring heartbeat and breathing) without regaining conscousness is also referred to as 'resuscitation', so those labels are added without reference to the WN sense. Corresponds to part (excluding 'slavery') of verb sense 1 of 'resurrect' in WordNet: 1. (1) resurrect, raise, upraise - (cause to become alive again; 'raise from the dead'; 'Slavery is already dead, and cannot be resurrected'; 'Upraising ghosts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Resurrection :en "resurrection" ; :enn "resurrection" ; :guid "c08f96d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events in which a dead human being is raised from the dead. Examples from #$Christianity include the #$Resurrection of #$JesusOfNazareth after the #$CrucifixionOfJesus, or the resurrection of Lazarus by #$JesusOfNazareth in the new testament. Currently, this concept is defined relative to the religious (i.e., #$Christianity) interpretation of #$Resurrection, and should probably not be used in non-religious contexts (e.g., a doctor resurrecting a patient who 'died' twenty-seconds ago). However, fictional/mythological contexts that are in part informed by religious thought (e.g., #$Vampire, zombies, etc.) could conceivably employ this event. No WN sense for the general notion of 'resurrection'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Miracle, :Rebirth, :ReligiousEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewLife ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewLife ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :ResurrectionOfChrist :wasPerformedByAgent :Jesus ; :wnsense "Christ's Resurrection1n", "Resurrection of Christ1n", "Resurrection1n" ; :wordnet "Christ's Resurrection", "Resurrection", "Resurrection of Christ" ; a :Resurrection ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Resurrection' in WordNet: 1. Resurrection, Christ's Resurrection, Resurrection of Christ - ((New Testament) the rising of Christ on the third day after the Crucifixion) """ . :Resuscitating :wnsense "come to4v", "resuscitate1v", "resuscitate2v", "revive1v", "revive5v" ; :wordnet "come to", "resuscitate", "revive" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Resuscitating'' is a ''Restoring'' that brings an unconscious Animal back to consciousness. This may be assisted by a ''Resuscitator'' Device. This includes the active and passive senses, which canbe differentiated when needed. Includes active and passive senses verb senses 1 and 2 of 'resuscitate' in WordNet: 1. resuscitate, revive - (cause to regain consciousness; 'The doctors revived the comatose man') 2. come to, revive, resuscitate - (return to consciousness; 'The patient came to quickly'; 'She revived after the doctor gave her an injection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unconsciousness ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Resuscitator ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :Resuscitator :wnsense "resuscitator1n" ; :wordnet "resuscitator" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'resuscitator' in WordNet: 1. resuscitator - (a breathing apparatus used for resuscitation by forcing oxygen into the lungs of a person who has undergone asphyxia or arrest of respiration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreathingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Resuscitating ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Retail :contrastsWith :Wholesale ; :pertainsTo :RetailPurchase, :RetailSale, :RetailStore ; :wnsense "retail1adj" ; :wordnet "retail" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Retail'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''RetailSale'' or the associated activities,or to the prices available at Retail (as opposed to'wholesale'). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'retail' in WordNet: 1. (1) retail - (selling or related to selling direct to the consumer; 'retail trade'; 'retail business'; 'retail price') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RetailChainStore :en "retail chain store" ; :guid "bd58d19d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RetailChainStore'' is one of the ''RetailStore''s managed by a ''RetailStore-ParentCompany''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailStore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailStore-ParentCompany ; owl:onProperty :isManagedBy ] . :RetailOrganization :en "retail organization" ; :guid "bd58de51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of organizations. Each instance of #$RetailOrganization is an organization that engages primarily in selling goods or services to end-users or consumers, rather than to wholesale customers. Specializations of #$RetailOrganization include the collections #$RetailStore and #$AutoDealership. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SellingOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThePublic ; owl:onProperty :wasaVendorTo ] . :RetailPrice :en "retail price" ; :ldoce "price" ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "price1n", "terms2n" ; :wordnet "price", "terms" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''RetailPrice' is the *actual* Price that is received by the seller and paid by the buyer in a ''RetailSale''. @@db1401 >>How to relate the prices paid to the transaction?? ??? NOTe that 'Fee'' is also a ''MoneyMeasure'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'price' in WordNet: 1. (580) price, terms, damage - (the amount of money needed to purchase something; 'the price of gasoline'; 'he got his new car on excellent terms'; 'how much is the damage?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Price, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPaidInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :RetailPurchase ] . :RetailPurchase :en "purchasing at retail", "retail purchase", "retail purchasing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RetailPurchase'' is the action of a ''Consumer'' who is buying 'at retail', i.e. paying a retail price for a product. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Buying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :RetailSale ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Consumer ] . :RetailSale :wnsense "retail1n", "retail1v" ; :wordnet "retail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RetailSale'' is the action of a merchant who is selling to an end user ('consumer')'. This action contrasts with 'wholesale' in which the selling is to a Retailer or to a business that uses the product to produce other products or services. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'retail' in WordNet: 1. (1) retail - (the selling of goods to consumers; usually in small quantities and not for resale) WN verb 'retail': 2. retail - (sell on the retail market) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Buying ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Consumer ] . :RetailSalesClerk :guid "bd589b72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "clerk2n", "salesclerk1n" ; :wordnet "clerk", "salesclerk" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """People who help you if you ask them. RetailSalesClerks usually do not work on commission. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'clerk' and sense 1 of 'salesclerk' in WordNet: 2. (2) salesclerk, shop clerk, clerk - (a salesperson in a store) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SalesPerson . :RetailStore :guid "bd58fcfd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "store" ; :wnsense "mercantile establishment1n", "outlet1n", "retail store1n", "sales outlet1n", "shop1n", "store1n" ; :wordnet "mercantile establishment", "outlet", "retail store", "sales outlet", "shop", "store" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ;;RetailStore;; is a business Establishment where goods or services (performed on the spot, such as hair cutting or styling) are sold at retail to the public. This is the facility consisting of only one site (which may be managed by a chain store organization) where a RetailOrganization conducts its business and sells goods to the public. This can be a whole building or part of a building. It can be large or small. This is the PhysicalObject, not the Organization. In CYC called 'RetailStoreSpace': Spaces which are the physical quarters for store enterprises. the retail sale of goods or services; 'he bought it at a shop on Cape Cod') The 'goods' sold can be of any kind, including food or drink consumed on the spot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'store' in WordNet. 1. (25) shop, store - (a mercantile establishment for @ToDo: relationship to 'Merchant'? or to its 'Shopkeeper' Could use more detail about retail selling versus wholesale, and selling goods versus selling services. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'store' in WordNet: 1. (25) shop, store - (a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services; 'he bought it at a shop on Cape Cod') WN noun 'retail store': 1. mercantile establishment, retail store, sales outlet, outlet - (a place of business for retailing goods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialFacility, :Establishment, :SpaceInAHOC, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buying ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailSale ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailStore-ParentCompany ; owl:onProperty :isManagedBy ] . :RetailStore-ParentCompany :en "retail chain" ; :guid "bd58920a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: A collection of businesses; a subset of #$ChainOrganization. An element of #$RetailStore-ParentCompany is a multi-location business with branches or franchises which are (all or mostly) retail stores; e.g., KMart or Penneys. This is distinct from chain service businesses, such as H-and-R Block and JiffyLube, as well as from single-site retail businesses. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChainOrganization, :CommercialOrganization, :RetailOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailChainStore ; owl:onProperty :manages ] . :Retailer :wnsense "retail merchant1n", "retailer1n" ; :wordnet "retail merchant", "retailer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Retailer'' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retailer' in WordNet: 1. (5) retailer, retail merchant - (a merchant who sells goods at retail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Merchant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailSale ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThePublic ; owl:onProperty :wasaVendorTo ] . :RetainingPossession :en "hold onto" ; :ldoce "keep" ; :wnsense "hold back5v", "hold on5v", "hold14v", "holding1n", "keep back2v", "keep3v", "keeping3n", "retain3v", "retention1n" ; :wordnet "hold", "hold back", "hold on", "holding", "keep", "keep back", "keeping", "retain", "retention" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Processes where agent keeps ownership or physical possession of some entity, physical or abstract. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'keep' in WordNet - no exact sense of 'retain' in Wordnet has this meaning; the closest is sense 3 in WordNet: 3. (33) keep, hold on - (retain possession of; Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married) WN verb 'retain': 3. (1) retain, hold, keep back, hold back - (secure and keep for possible future use or application; 'The landlord retained the security deposit'; 'I reserve the right to disagree') WN noun 'retention': 1. (1) retention, keeping, holding - (the act of retaining something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Keeping, :Possession . :RetainingWall :wnsense "retaining wall1n" ; :wordnet "retaining wall" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retaining wall' in WordNet: 1. retaining wall - (a wall that is built to resist lateral pressure (especially a wall built to prevent the advance of a mass of earth)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockWall . :Retaliating :eng "avenging", "retaliating" ; :wnsense "avenge1v", "retaliate1v", "retaliation1n", "revenge1n", "revenge1v" ; :wordnet "avenge", "retaliate", "retaliation", "revenge" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Retaliating'' is a subtype of 'Punishing' performed by individual Persons or small groups, rather than authorities who perform ''Penalizing'' for breaking a law. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'retaliate' in WordNet: 1. (1) revenge, avenge, retaliate - (take revenge for a perceived wrong; 'He wants to avenge the murder of his brother') WN noun 'revenge': 1. (8) retaliation, revenge - (action taken in return for an injury or offense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GettingEven, :Punishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HarmingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :GroupOfPeople ) ] ] . :Retarded :wnsense "backward1adj", "retarded1adj" ; :wordnet "backward", "retarded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This '''Retarded'' is intended for people who are slow to learn and below average IQ at a young age, but may evntually achieve a functional low normal or normal level of intelligence. Includes part of 'backward': Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'retarded' in Wordnet: 1. (1) retarded - (relatively slow in mental or emotional or physical development; 'providing a secure and sometimes happy life for the retarded') WN adj 'backward': 1. backward, feebleminded - (retarded in intellectual development) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stupid . :RetardingaProcess :wnsense "retard2v" ; :wordnet "retard" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RetardingaProcess'' is a transitive Action in which some agent (which could be inanimate) does something to cause the rate of some process to decrease. This is general, for rates of various kinds of processes, such as objects moving, chemical reactions, physiological processes,growing processes, deterioration processes, birth or reproduction rates, and other processes that have a measurable rate. NOTE: the parent/subtype relation for this and its subtype ''SlowingDownaVehicle'' are inverted in WordNet, and this is made more general to add more specificity to the terms used to describe the subtypes. Includes but is broader than verb sense 2 of 'retard' in WordNet: 2. (1) retard - (cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate; 'This drug will retard your heart rate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RateMeasure :Rate ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RateDecrease ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Rethinking :wnsense "rethink1v" ; :wordnet "rethink" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rethinking'' is a ''FormingAnOpinion'' in which an earlier Opinion on the same topic is changed. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rethink' in WordNet: 1. (2) rethink - (change one's mind; 'He rethought his decision to take a vacation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormingAnOpinion, :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opinion ] . :Retina :guid "bd58937e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "retina1n" ; :wordnet "retina" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all retinas, sensory membranes that line the eye of a #$Vertebrate or #$Cephalopod, receive the image formed by the lens, are the immediate instruments of vision, and are connected with the #$Brain by the #$OpticNerve. Some #$Insects also have #$Retinas. SUMO: A membrane that covers the Eye and converts the image formed by the lens of the Eye into neurochemical impulses which can be processed by the Brain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retina' in Wordnet: 1. (1) retina - (the light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eye ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :RetinalImage a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The abstract image of the retina of an eye (usually human), which may be used for identifiation of individuals, as retinal patterns are distinctive, like fingerprints..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, :AuthenticationSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Retina ; owl:onProperty :isanImageOf ] . :Retired :isAnAttributeValueOf :Retiree ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Retirement ; :isTheOppositeOf :Employed ; :wnsense "retired1adj" ; :wordnet "retired" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Retired'' is the characteristic attribute of a ''Retiree''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'retired' in WordNet: 1. (11) retired - (no longer active in your work or profession) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive . :Retiree :wnsense "retired person1n", "retiree1n" ; :wordnet "retired person", "retiree" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Retiree'' is a person who has retired from a job and is in the state of ''Retirement''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retiree' in WordNet: 1. retiree, retired person - (someone who has retired from active working) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Retiring ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Retirement ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Retired ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Retirement :wnsense "retirement1n" ; :wordnet "retirement" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Retirement'' is the Situation in which some Person has retired from some ''JobSituation''. A Person can be in 'Retirement' from one job while holding a different job. So a ''Retiree'' may still be employed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retirement' in WordNet: 1. (9) retirement - (the state of being retired from one's business or occupation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoleSituation, :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Retiring ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Retiree ] . :RetirementSavings :en "retirement savings" ; :enn "retirement savings" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each '''RetirementSavings''' is a quantity of money and other asets saved (in any currency), that is sufficient to support a Person in reasonable comfort (as would a ''LivingWage') for the remainder of that person's Lifetime. Not necessarily as large as ''Wealth'' which would support a luxurious living. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Savings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LivingIncome ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :Retiring :wnsense "retire1v" ; :wordnet "retire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Retiring'' is a ''QuittingAction'' in which some Person voluntarily leaves a ''JobSituation'', usually making that person eligible for some retirement benefits,but not precluding that that Person takes on a different JobSituation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retire' in WordNet: 1. (18) retire - (go into retirement; stop performing one's work or withdraw from one's position; 'He retired at age 68') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuittingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :JobSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Retirement ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Retired ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :Retort :wnsense "comeback1n", "counter6n", "rejoinder1n", "replication3n", "retort1n", "return8n", "riposte1n" ; :wordnet "comeback", "counter", "rejoinder", "replication", "retort", "return", "riposte" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Retort'' is a verbal ''Answering'' of one comment with another that is intended to be 'Witty'' or is ''Critical''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retort' in WordNet: 1. (1) rejoinder, retort, return, riposte, replication, comeback, counter - (a quick reply to a question or remark (especially a witty or critical one); 'it brought a sharp rejoinder from the teacher') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answering, :SpokenCommunicating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Witty ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Critical ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpokenCommunicating ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OralConversation ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :RetortVessel :en "retort vessel" ; :wnsense "retort2n" ; :wordnet "retort" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''RetortVessel'' can be a container used on in industrial processes for large-scale processes or a hand-sized object used in a Laboratory for small-scale processes. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'retort' in WordNet: 2. retort - (a vessel where substances are distilled or decomposed by heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalReaction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :RetreatLocation :wnsense "hideaway2n", "retreat2n", "retreat5n" ; :wordnet "hideaway", "retreat" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RetreatLocation'' is any place - an Area, a building, a room in a building, anyplace one can go to be undisturbed. NOTE: in WN 'retreat' sense 5 seems to be for room in a building; that is included in this, and can be a specific subtype if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'retreat' in WordNet: 2. retreat - (a place of privacy; a place affording peace and quiet) 5. hideaway, retreat - (an area where you can be alone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place . :Retrospect :wnsense "look back2v", "retrospect1n", "retrospect1v", "review5v" ; :wordnet "look back", "retrospect", "review" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Retrospect'' differs from''Reminiscing''in that this includes a re-evaluation of decisions or actions, and possible reaching different conclusions or new insights. This may be performed by one Person or collectively by a Group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'retrospect' in WordNet: 1. (1) retrospect - (contemplation of things past; 'in retrospect') WN verb 'retrospect': 1. review, look back, retrospect - (look back upon (a period of time, sequence of events); remember; 'she reviewed her achievements with pride') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contemplation, :MentalState, :PurposefulMentalActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PastEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FiveMinutes ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDuration ] . :Retrospective :pertainsTo :PastEvent, :PastTimeInterval, :Reminiscing, :Retrospect ; :wnsense "retrospective1adj" ; :wordnet "retrospective" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'retrospective' in Wordnet: 1. retrospective - (concerned with or related to the past; 'retrospective self-justification') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Retrospectively :en "in retrospect" ; :enadv "in retrospect" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Retrospective ; :wnsense "retrospectively1adv" ; :wordnet "retrospectively" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'retrospectively' in Wordnet: 1. retrospectively - (in a manner contemplative of past events; 'retrospectively, he seems like a great artist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Returnable :isAnAttributeValueOf :ProductObject, :Purchase ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :ReturningaPurchase ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :ReturningaPurchase ; :wnsense "returnable1adj" ; :wordnet "returnable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Returnable'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for purchased Objects (''Purchase''s) that can be returned to the ''vendor'' from whom it was purchased. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'returnable' in Wordnet: 1. returnable - (that may be returned; 'returnable bottles and cans'; 'this merchandise is returnable if you save the receipt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Returning :en "returning" ; :ldoce "return" ; :wnsense "coming back1n", "regaining1n", "regress2v", "restitution3n", "restoration3n", "resume2v", "retrovert1v", "return1v", "return2n", "return3n", "return3v", "return4n", "return5n", "revert1v", "take up13v", "turn back2v" ; :wordnet "coming back", "regaining", "regress", "restitution", "restoration", "resume", "retrovert", "return", "revert", "take up", "turn back" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Returning' is the most general sense of 'return' including returning to a state and returning physically to a previous location. Using this type of Event implies that there was a prior state or location or orientation in which a system or object was, and from which it moved (in some sense), to which it now returns as a result of this Event. NOTE that AttributeValues cannot 'return' in this sense - but an Object can have some AttributeValue return to some previous value, and Attributevalues are permitted as values of the restrictions 'hadOriginalAndRecoveredState' and 'hadIntermediateState'' NOTE: reverting to a previous state is the subtype 'Reverting' NOTE that to specify the original state (or attribute, or location) to which the system or its participant returns, the relation 'hadOriginalAndRecoveredState' is a restriction with a required value. But to specify the 'intermediate' state (or attribute, or location) at the beginning of the 'Returning' Event (from which the system returns to its original state) the relation 'hadIntermediateState' can be used, but is not required to specify instances of this type. Also the restriction 'reversesTheEffectOf' requires a reference to the action ('BecomingEvent') that caused the change which was reversed. Includes noun senses 2, 3, 4, and 5 of 'return' and verb senses 1 and 3 of 'return' and verb sense 1 of 'revert' (to a previous state) in WordNet: 2. (7) return, homecoming - - (a coming to or returning home; 'on his return from Australia we gave him a welcoming party') 3. (3) return, coming back - - (the occurrence of a change in direction back in the opposite direction) 4. (3) restitution, return, restoration, regaining - - (getting something back again; 'upon the restitution of the book to its rightful owner the child was given a tongue lashing') 5. (2) return - - (the act of going back to a prior location; 'they set out on their return to the base camp') WN verb 'return': 1. (111) return, go back, get back, come back - (come back to place where one has been before, or return to a previous activity) 3. (12) revert, return, retrovert, regress, turn back - (go back to a previous state; 'We reverted to the old rules') WN verb 'resume': 2. (5) resume, take up - (return to a previous location or condition; 'The painting resumed its old condition when we restored it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :FunctionalSystem :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :BecomingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadOriginalAndRecoveredState ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :AttributeValue :GenericLocation :EventType :AttributeValueType :LocationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :AttributeValue :GenericLocation :EventType :AttributeValueType :LocationType :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadIntermediateState ] . :ReturningHome :ldoce "return" ; :wnsense "go home1v", "head home1v", "homecoming2n", "return1v", "return2n" ; :wordnet "go home", "head home", "homecoming", "return" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReturningHome'' is a'PhysicalReturn' in which a Person or persons come back to their Residence after having been 'away' (at least outside the property boundaries). Includes verb sense 1 of 'go home' and verb sense 1 and noun senses 2 of 'return' in WordNet: WN verb 'go home' 1. (21) go home, head home - (return home; 'After the movie, we went home') WN verb 'return': 1. (111) return, go back, get back, come back - (come back to place where one has been before, or return to a previous activity) WN noun 'return': 2. (7) return, homecoming - - (a coming to or returning home; 'on his return from Australia we gave him a welcoming party') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalReturn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :PersonType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Residence :ObjectType ) ] ] . :ReturningaPurchase :wnsense "bring back1v", "return5v", "take back1v" ; :wordnet "bring back", "return", "take back" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReturningaPurchase'' is a'PhysicalReturn' (which can be by mail or other delivery service) in which some ''Purchase'' an item purchased) is returned to the ''Vendor'' seller) from whom it was bought. \"isUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'return' in WordNet: 5. (3) return, take back, bring back - (bring back to the point of departure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalReturn, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Purchase :Object :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Vendor :AgentType ) ] ] . :Reunion :en "Reunion" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ No WN sense RHW: an island in the Indian Ocean, E of Madagascar: an overseas department of France. 692,204; 970 sq. mi. (2512 sq. km). Cap.: St. Denis. """ . :ReunionGathering :eng "reuniting" ; :wnsense "reunion1n", "reunite1v" ; :wordnet "reunion", "reunite" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ReunionGathering'' is a ''Party'' organized to be a gathering of People who had associated together at a previous time - as classmates, co-workers, friends, professional colleagues, or others who interact with sufficient frequency to create some bond of friendship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reunion' in WordNet: 1. (1) reunion - (a party of former associates who have come together again) WN verb 'reunite' 1. (2) reunite - (have a reunion; unite again) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Party, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfFormerAssociates ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Reuniting :wnsense "reunification1n", "reunify1v", "reunion2n", "reunite2v" ; :wordnet "reunification", "reunify", "reunion", "reunite" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reuniting'' is a ''Uniting'' Event that occurs to two or more Things (of any kind) that were previously separated in a ''SeparationEvent''. NOTE: the usage 'reunify' could be a separate subtype for countries. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'reunite' in WordNet: 2. (2) reunify, reunite - (unify again, as of a country; 'Will Korea reunify?') WN noun 'reunification': 1. reunion, reunification - (the act of coming together again; 'monetary unification precipitated the reunification of the German state in October 1990') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combining, :Uniting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeparationEvent ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Reusable :wnsense "reusable1adj" ; :wordnet "reusable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of things that can be reused in some manner; this is a very general sense, ncluding being 'reusable' in the sense of being able to be used many times (opposed to 'disposable' or 'single-use') and also 'recyclable', being reusable as Scrap, starting material for reprocessing. @ToDO: No 'reusing' entry??? For the sense of being 'reusable' only as Scrap, use 'Recyclable'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'reusable' in WordNet: 1. reclaimable, recyclable, reusable - (capable of being used again) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Valuable . :Revamping :wnsense "revamp1v" ; :wordnet "revamp" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Revamping'' is a ''Renewing'' that is an ''ImprovementEvent'' in which the thing renewed had experienced a ''DeteriorationEvent'' or just had its functionality reduced by change in the situation in which it is used. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'revamp' in WordNet: 1. (3) revamp - (to patch up or renovate; repair or restore; 'They revamped their old house before selling it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :Renewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeteriorationEvent ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Revealing :wnsense "revealing2adj" ; :wordnet "revealing" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Revealing'' is the property of something (information, an Event) that makes known to someone something that that Person did not know and did not expect (i.e. not just something learned in the course of reading or conversing with the purpose of learning.). This thing that is reveaed ay or may not have been hidden from view prior to a 'revealing' Event. e..g an Action that 'reveals' a Person's intentions (or knowledge, or ignorance). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'revealing' in Wordnet: 2. revealing - (showing or making known; 'her dress was scanty and revealing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informative . :RevealingSomething :eng "revealing", "uncovering" ; :wnsense "reveal1v", "uncover1v", "unveil1v", "unveil3v" ; :wordnet "reveal", "uncover", "unveil" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''RevealingSomething'' is ''ShowingSomething'' that was not visible by uncovering it or otherwise removing some Object that hid the thing revealed from sight. The Object doing the hiding could be as thin as a coating of paint or other substance which,when removed, reveals some underlying pattern on a surface.. This is to make things 'visible' to the eyes by viewing, not for metaphorical 'revealing' (making known). For that use ''Disclosing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'reveal' in WordNet: 1. (34) uncover, bring out, unveil, reveal - (make visible; 'Summer brings out bright clothes'; 'He brings out the best in her'; 'The newspaper uncovered the President's illegal dealings') WN verb 'unveil' 1. (1) unveil - (remove the veil from; 'Women must not unveil themselves in public in Islamic societies') 3. unveil - (remove the cover from; 'unveil a painting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppearingEvent, :RemovingSomething, :ShowingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :RevealingaFact :wnsense "disclosure1n", "revealing1n", "revelation1n" ; :wordnet "disclosure", "revealing", "revelation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RevealingaFact'' is an ''AssertingOrally'' in which an agent orally reveals (discloses) some Fact that was not previously obvious or known to the listener(s) i.e.a''Secret'' or somevery confidential information. @mod61 The difference between this and other 'revealing' types is not yet (rev1461) fully clear; differences are that This is oral, and it is not a 'making something visible'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'revelation' in WordNet: 1. (4) disclosure, revelation, revealing - (the speech act of making something evident) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingOrally, :DisclosingaSecret, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Fact :ObjectType ) ] ] . :Reveille :wnsense "reveille1n", "reveille2n", "wake-up signal1n" ; :wordnet "reveille", "wake-up signal" ; a :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"playingamus Corresponds to noun sense 1 and part of sense 2 (for the military bugle call) of 'reveille' in WordNet: 1. reveille, wake-up signal - ((military) signal to wake up) 2. reveille - (a signal to get up in the morning; in the military it is a bugle call at sunrise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BugleCall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WakingUpAnAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :Revelation :wnsense "breakthrough1n", "discovery3n", "find1n", "revelation2n" ; :wordnet "breakthrough", "discovery", "find", "revelation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Revelation'' is a sudden ''Insight'' about something that was not previously obvious. This differs from other types of 'revelation' in not being the direct result of of a communication or an observation, but of a thinking process that makes something clear. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'revelation' in WordNet: 2. (4) revelation - (an enlightening or astonishing disclosure) WN noun 'breakthrough': 1. (1) discovery, breakthrough, find - (a productive insight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thinking ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Revelry :wnsense "jollify1v", "make happy1v", "make merry1v", "make whoopie1v", "racket1v", "revel1n", "revel2v", "revelry1n", "wassail1v", "whoop it up1v" ; :wordnet "jollify", "make happy", "make merry", "make whoopie", "racket", "revel", "revelry", "wassail", "whoop it up" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Revelry'' is an intense ''Merrymaking''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revelry' in WordNet: 1. (1) revel, revelry - (unrestrained merrymaking) WN verb 'revel': 2. revel, racket, make whoopie, make merry, make happy, whoop it up, jollify, wassail - (celebrate noisily, often indulging in drinking; engage in uproarious festivities; 'The members of the wedding party made merry all night'; 'Let's whoop it up--the boss is gone!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Merrymaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Noisy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unrestrained ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoyable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Revenge :wnsense "payback2n", "retaliation1n", "retribution3n", "revenge1n", "vengeance1n" ; :wordnet "payback", "retaliation", "retribution", "revenge", "vengeance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Revenge'' is a ''GettingEven'' caused by ''Anger'' and motivated by a perception of having been harmed. The WN 'getting even' suggests a 'group action', but this type includes individuals or groups as the agent performing this. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revenge' in WordNet: 1. (8) retaliation, revenge - (action taken in return for an injury or offense) WN noun 'payback': 2. vengeance, retribution, payback - (the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life; 'Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord'--Romans 12:19; 'For vengeance I would do nothing. This nation is too great to look for mere revenge'--James Garfield; 'he swore vengeance on the man who betrayed him'; 'the swiftness of divine retribution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HarmingAnAgent, :Retaliating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anger ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Revenue :wnsense "gross2n", "receipts1n", "revenue1n", "revenue2n" ; :wordnet "gross", "receipts", "revenue" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Revenue'' is the total of PaymentAmounts that are received in some particular time interval by some ''LegalAgent'', not corrected for any costs incurred in obtaining the payments. For a business this would be the 'gross receipts'. Accontants my calculate the ''Revenue'' in different ways depending on the way oney is paid or promised. This includes revenues for governmental organizations as well as private organizations and individual, and also includes the sum of donations to charitabl organizations, not just taxes or sales. For individuals, use ''Income'' or ''Wages''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'revenue' in WordNet: 1. (5) gross, revenue, receipts - (the entire amount of income before any deductions are made) 2. tax income, taxation, tax revenue, revenue - (government income due to taxation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Income, :PeriodicPayment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PaymentAmount ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ReceivingMoney ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gross-NoDeductions ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Revered :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :BeingEsteemed ; :wnsense "august2adj", "revered1adj", "venerable2adj" ; :wordnet "august", "revered", "venerable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'revered' in Wordnet: 1. (1) august, revered, venerable - (profoundly honored; 'revered holy men') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Esteemed, :Honored . :Reverence :guid "bd588562-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "awe2n", "fear3n", "reverence1n", "veneration1n" ; :wordnet "awe", "fear", "reverence", "veneration" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Emotion inspired by something sacred or inviolable which arouses one's deep respect or veneration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reverence' in WordNet: 1. fear, reverence, awe, veneration - (a profound emotion inspired by a deity; 'the fear of God') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionalState, :Respect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom :God ] . :Reverend :wnsense "Reverend1n" ; :wordnet "Reverend" ; a :FormOfAddress ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Reverend' in WordNet: 2. Reverend - (a title of respect for a clergyman) """ . :ReversibleProcess :en "reversible process" ; :enn "reversible process" ; :guid "be010bb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances are processes that have a #$reverseProcessType, i.e. they can be undone. COSMO note: @ToDo: this type should be the domain for the relation 'reversesTheEffectOf', but that would require a 'ReversibleProcessType', not yet (rev913) added to COSMO. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :ReversibleStateChange :guid "bd5884ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event in which a change of physical state occurs and may be reversed. The common state changes are melting, freezing, boiling and condensation, but there are more varied and subtle changes in physical state, including things like crystal form, DNA denaturation/renaturation, and magnetization state changes, that are included within this category. In Cyc called 'StateOfMatterChangeEvent' Cyc: #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent is the collection of events in which some piece of matter changes from one of the physical states of matter to another. Such changes of state can be induced by changes in temperature (or the equivalent in the manipulation of kinetic energy). Each particular instance of #$Boiling, #$Freezing, #$Evaporating, #$Condensing, #$Melting, etc. is an instance of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Note: Most Cyc microtheories distinguish four states of matter, namely, #$Solid-StateOfMatter, #$Plasma-StateOfMatter, #$Liquid-StateOfMatter, #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter. See #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState and its individual state constants. In SUMO 'StateChange' SUMO: Any Process where the PhysicalState of part of the patient of the Process changes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReversibleProcess, :StateChange . :ReversingRotation :ldoce "swing" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A periodic movement in which some Object rotates around an axis and then reverses the rotation, such that the back-and-forth cycle is repeated more than once, not necessarily at identical intervals of time. In CYC there is a type 'PeriodicReversingRotation' that is not in the version of OpenCYC referenced in COSMO. This type would likely be equivalent to that CYC type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationProcess, :Oscillating, :PartialRotation, :Rotation-Periodic . :Reverting :en "reverting" ; :ldoce "return" ; :wnsense "return1v", "return3v", "revert1v" ; :wordnet "return", "revert" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Reverting' is a'Returning' in which some PersistentState (which may involve many Objects) goes back to a previous PersistentState from which it had changed. Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'return' and verb sense 1 of 'revert' (to a previous state) in WordNet: WN verb 'return': 1. (111) return, go back, get back, come back - (come back to place where one has been before, or return to a previous activity) 3. (12) revert, return, retrovert, regress, turn back -- (go back to a previous state; 'We reverted to the old rules') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Returning . :ReviewArticle :wnsense "critical review1n", "review article1n", "review2n" ; :wordnet "critical review", "review", "review article" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Article' that is a review of *anything* that people might have an interest in, and want to know the quality of. Among things reviewed are commonly 'ConceptualWork's such as music or books, Organizations (schools, sports teams), Products, Places (e.g. scenic places or resorts), entertainment performances, and many others. A review may or may not give a 'rating' to the thing reviewed. (NOTE: not all ratings are associated with 'Reviews' - a school course grade is not a Review. A Review must be an article available to some interested segment of the public). For senses of 'critique' not presented in a 'ReviewArticle'' use ''Critique''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'review' in WordNet: 2. (2) review, critique, critical review, review article - (an essay or article that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Article, :Commentary . :Reviewer :wnsense "reader4n", "referee2n", "reviewer1n" ; :wordnet "reader", "referee", "reviewer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Reviewer'' is a ''Critic'' who reads an article submitted for publication and experesses a judgment as to its suitability. A 'Reviewer' may approve an article contingent on certain changes, or may reject it completely. There are often more than one reviewer for each article. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'reviewer' in WordNet: 1. (1) reviewer, referee, reader - (someone who reads manuscripts and judges their suitability for publication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Critic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Critiquing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :ReviewingAnArticle :en "review", "reviewing an article" ; :enn "reviewing an article" ; :env "review" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ReviewingAnArticle'' is a type of ''Critiquing'' in which some ''Reviewer'' reads and evaluates the quality of an article submitted for publication, and reccommends acceptance, rejection, or revisions followed by further review. This is a common Action in the process of preparing and publishing articles in professional journals as well as other types of periodicals. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Critiquing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Submission ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reviewer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Revised :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Revising ; :wnsense "revised1adj", "revised2adj" ; :wordnet "revised" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Revised'' is something has has been subjected to a ''Revising'' Action. Typically documents. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'revised' in Wordnet: 1. (3) revised - (improved or brought up to date; 'a revised edition') 2. revised - (altered or revised by rephrasing or by adding or deleting material; 'the amended bill passed easily') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changed, :PastParticiple . :Revising :en "revising" ; :wnsense "alteration3n", "revise1v", "revision1n" ; :wordnet "alteration", "revise", "revision" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Revising'' is a ''Modification' of some abstract ''ConceptualWork'' to produce a ''Version'' which usually retains most of the parts of the original, with changes in some parts (or additions or deletions). NOTE: for ease of representation, the 'original' that was 'revised' will be considered an instance of ''Version'' - with the limiting degree of ''Revising'' being none at all in that case. @ToDO: needs more consideration - created at different times? Different relations of 'identity' - identical content\" Since what was modifed is an Abstract work, the *propositional content* of a ''Version'' that is identical to the original is the same as the original. Note that an ''OriginalVersion'' can be produced by a modification and subsequent reversal of the modification. (Interesting note: the frst original and subsequent originals will have different creation times - the creation time of an abstract objects does not preclude it being identical to one created at a different time.??? - - - use ''hasIdenticalContent'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'revise' in WordNet: 1. (6) revise - (make revisions in; 'revise a thesis') WN noun 'revision': 1. (3) revision, alteration - (the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification); 'it would require a drastic revision of his opinion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Version ] . :RevisitingaPlace :en "revisiting" ; :eng "revisiting" ; :wnsense "revisit1v" ; :wordnet "revisit" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'revisit' in WordNet: 1. revisit - (visit again; 'We revisited Rome after 25 years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalReturn, :Recurrence, :VisitingaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisitingaPlace ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Revitalization :wnsense "resurgence1n", "revitalisation1n", "revitalization1n", "revival1n", "revivification1n" ; :wordnet "resurgence", "revitalisation", "revitalization", "revival", "revivification" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Revitalization'' includes 'revival', broadly applicable to any action that copies to some degree a prior *Action* that has been discontinued. This is the only entry for 'revivification' in WN,but this does not apply to bringing living things back to life. That is 'revive'in WN, and ''Resurrecting'' in COSMO.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revitalization' in WordNet: 1. revival, resurgence, revitalization, revitalisation, revivification - (bringing again into activity and prominence; 'the revival of trade'; 'a revival of a neglected play by Moliere'; 'the Gothic revival in architecture') WN noun 'renaissance': """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImprovementEvent, :MakingaCopy, :Restoring . :RevitalizingaPerson :wnsense "regenerate9v", "revitalise1v", "revitalize1v", "revitalize2v" ; :wordnet "regenerate", "revitalise", "revitalize" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revitalize' in WordNet: 1. (1) regenerate, revitalize - (restore strength; 'This food revitalized the patient') 2. revitalize, revitalise - (give new life or vigor to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnergizingaPerson, :ImprovementEvent, :Renewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingBodilyVitality ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vitality ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :RevivingaPerformance :en "revival" ; :wnsense "revive4v" ; :wordnet "revive" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RevivingaPerformance'' is a ''Restoring'' that creates a newer and possibly modified but still recognizable version of an older Performance such as a Play or Movie, that is again performed in popular venues (such as Broadway) after the earlier version had been discontinued. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'revive' in WordNet: 4. (1) revive, resurrect - (restore from a depressed, inactive, or unused state; 'He revived this style of opera'; 'He resurrected the tango in this remote part of Argentina') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Revitalization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NotBeingPerformed ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Revoked :en "revoked" ; :enadj "revoked" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Rule ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Revoking ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Revoked'' has been the direct Object of a ''revoking'' Action. The Object is typically some kind of ''Rule'' or decision (e.g.judicial ruling). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Revoking :wnsense "annul2v", "countermand1v", "lift6v", "overturn5v", "repeal1n", "rescind1v", "reverse4v", "revoke2v", "vacate3v" ; :wordnet "annul", "countermand", "lift", "overturn", "repeal", "rescind", "reverse", "revoke", "vacate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'revoke' in WordNet: 2. revoke, annul, lift, countermand, reverse, repeal, overturn, rescind, vacate - (annul by recalling or rescinding; 'He revoked the ban on smoking'; 'lift an embargo'; 'vacate a death sentence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canceling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Revoked ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Revolution :wnsense "revolution2n" ; :wordnet "revolution" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Revolution'' is an action involving a GroupOfPeople that results in a change of goverment through means not contemplated in the existing laws. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'revolution' in WordNet: 2. (6) revolution - (the overthrow of a government by those who are governed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaticEvent, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernmentOverthrow ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Revolutionary :wnsense "revolutionary1n", "revolutionist1n", "subversive1n" ; :wordnet "revolutionary", "revolutionist", "subversive" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Revolutionary'' is a ''Radical' who supports some cause considered as 'extreme' or 'radical' by a majority of people.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revolutionary' in WordNet: 1. revolutionist, revolutionary, subversive, subverter - (a radical supporter of political or social revolution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Radical . :Revolutionizing :eng "revolutionizing" ; :wnsense "overturn6v", "revolution1n", "revolutionise2v", "revolutionize1v" ; :wordnet "overturn", "revolution", "revolutionise", "revolutionize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Revolutionizing'' is the Action of causing a dramatic change in some manner of doing some HumanActivity. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'revolutionize' in WordNet: 1. (2) revolutionize, revolutionise, overturn - (change radically; 'E-mail revolutionized communication in academe') WN noun 'revolution': 1. (6) revolution - (a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving; 'the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:System :HumanActivity :SystemType :ActionType ) ] ] . :Revolver :wnsense "revolver1n", "six-shooter1n" ; :wordnet "revolver", "six-shooter" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Handgun with a revolving cylindrical chamber that holds the bullets and allows one to fire five to ten bullets without reloading. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revolver' in Wordnet: 1. (4) revolver, six-gun, six-shooter - (a pistol with a revolving cylinder (usually having six chambers for bullets)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handgun . :Revulsion :guid "bd58b24d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "horror3n", "repugnance1n", "revulsion1n" ; :wordnet "horror", "repugnance", "revulsion" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Extreme repugnance felt towards a person or thing, typically resulting in strenuous efforts to avoid it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'revulsion' and sense 1 of 'repugnance' in WordNet: 1. (3) repugnance, repulsion, revulsion, horror - (intense aversion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disgust . :Reward :ldoce "reward" ; :wnsense "payoff4n", "reinforcement5n", "reward1n", "reward2n", "reward3n", "wages1n" ; :wordnet "payoff", "reinforcement", "reward", "wages" ; a :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Reward is something given or proposed to be given in consideration of a Person doing something desirable to the agent giving the Reward. Every Reward is a thing given in some 'GivingaReward' event (executed or proposed or hypothetical). This is the most general sense of 'Reward'; a 'reward' posted for the capture of a criminal is itself an OfferingaReward Event, but the referenced Reward in such an Offer is included in this type. A Reward can be intangible such as a right, so it is not always a PhysicalObject. Almost anything valuable can be a Reward; a Reward is merely the Role that something plays in a certain type of 'Giving' action. It is unclear how long something given as a Reward can continue to play the Role of 'Reward'. A Reward has some resemblance to a Gift, and additional discussion can be found under 'Gift'. This sense does not include the *offer* of a reward (a Communication), as in sense 4 of 'reward': for that see ''OfferingaReward'': WN However, the potential Reward referred to in an OfferingaReward' *is* WN an instance of this type. The Reward can be the object given in WN a hypothetical GivingaReward, as well as in an executed action. WN WN a Reward in COSMO is always something positive, so it is never WN a punishment, as suggested in sense 1: Includes noun senses 2 and 3 and part of sense 1 of 'reward' in WordNet; 1. (4) wages, reward, payoff - (a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing; 'the wages of sin is death'; 'virtue is its own reward') 2. (2) reward - (payment made in return for a service rendered) 3. (2) reward, reinforcement - (an act performed to strengthen approved behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :Role, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GivingaReward ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ] . :Rewarding :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Satisfaction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unrewarding ; :wnsense "rewarding1adj" ; :wordnet "rewarding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rewarding' in Wordnet: 1. (2) rewarding - (providing personal satisfaction; 'a rewarding career as a paramedic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Rhenium :guid "bd590c90-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "75"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Re1n", "rhenium1n" ; :wordnet "Re", "rhenium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Rhenium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhenium' in WordNet: 1. rhenium, Re, atomic number 75 - (a rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Rheostat :wnsense "rheostat1n", "variable resistor1n" ; :wordnet "rheostat", "variable resistor" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rheostat' in WordNet: 1. rheostat, variable resistor - (resistor for regulating current) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resistor, :VariableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Controllable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :Rhetoric :wnsense "rhetoric4n" ; :wordnet "rhetoric" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rhetoric'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' that concerns itself with the use of a ''RhetoricalManner'' in writing or speech. RHW: 3. the study of the effective use of language. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhetoric' in WordNet: 4. rhetoric - (study of the technique and rules for using language effectively (especially in public speaking)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Methodology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RhetoricalManner ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Rhetorical :isAnAttributeValueOf :MetricalFoot ; :pertainsTo :Rhetoric, :RhetoricalManeuver, :RhetoricalManner, :RhetoricalPhrase, :RhetoricalTactic ; :wnsense "rhetorical1adj" ; :wordnet "rhetorical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rhetorical' in Wordnet: 1. rhetorical - (of or relating to rhetoric; 'accepted two or three verbal and rhetorical changes I suggested'- W.A.White; 'the rhetorical sin of the meaningless variation'- Lewis Mumford) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RhetoricalDeviceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of ''RhetoricalDeviceType'' can be any Object, Attribute, or Event that is often employed for rhetorical effect or in debate or argument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :RhetoricalManeuver :wnsense "rhetorical device1n" ; :wordnet "rhetorical device" ; a :ActionType, :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RhetoricalManeuver' is a LinguisticCommunication (use of a Phrase of any length) in which the speaker or writer uses words in a manner to convince an audience of some idea even if the literal or logical meaning of the words used themselves do not contain that meaning. Some but not all ''RhetoricalManeuver''s are ''Misleading''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhetorical device' in WordNet: 1. rhetorical device - (a use of language that creates a literary effect (but often without regard for literal significance)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, :Maneuver, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Misinforming ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RhetoricalPhrase ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :RhetoricalManner :wnsense "rhetoric1n" ; :wordnet "rhetoric" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RhetoricalManner' is a ''LinguisticManner''(an ''AttributeType'') that (usually) intentionally expresses thought in a manner that implies ideas or assertions that are not *literally* contained in the words used. This type includes senses 1 and 4 of 'rhetoric' in WordNet - the use of rhetoric and the study of rhetoric. These two can be differentiated but are conflated here. For ''Rhetoric'' the FieldOfStudy use ''Rhetoric'' Rhetoric does not have to be nonliteral, so they are separate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhetoric' in WordNet: 1. rhetoric - (using language effectively to please or persuade) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticManner . :RhetoricalPhrase :en "rhetorical phrase" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RhetoricalPhrase'' is a type of ''Phrase'' (Group of Words) that is intended to be interpreted in a manner that provides support for some argument being made by the speaker, whether or not the literal interpretation of that phrase would provide a similar degree of support. Such phrases are intended to evoke thoughts that may not be suggested by logical inference on or literal interpretation of the same phrase. Such phrases are used in linguistic exressons that are ''RhetoricalManeuver''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RhetoricalManeuver ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :RhetoricalTactic :en "rhetorical tactic" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RhetoricalTactic'' is a ''Plan'' that specifies some use of language in some non-literal or evocative manner to convince the audience of some point one wants to make. This is an abstract 'specification' for how to use language that has its execution in some ''RhetoricalManeuver''. This is related to the WN 'rhetorical device' but that WN synset seems closer to the actual execution and is the WN label for ''RhetoricalManeuver'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tactic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RhetoricalManeuver :RhetoricalDeviceType ) ] ] . :RhineRiver :guid "bd58908f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "principal river of Europe" . :Rhinoceros :guid "bd58a088-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rhino1n", "rhinoceros1n" ; :wordnet "rhino", "rhinoceros" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhinoceros' in WordNet: 1. (1) rhinoceros, rhino - (massive powerful herbivorous odd-toed ungulate of southeast Asia and Africa having very thick skin and one or two horns on the snout) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoofedMammal, :PlacentalMammal . :Rhizome :guid "bd5889ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rhizome1n", "rootstalk1n", "rootstock1n" ; :wordnet "rhizome", "rootstalk", "rootstock" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An elongated underground stem, sometimes swollen and serving as a storage organ. RHW 'rhizome': a rootlike subterranean stem, commonly horizontal in position, that usually produces roots below and sends up shoots progressively from the upper surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhizome' in WordNet: 1. rhizome, rootstock, rootstalk - (a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantReproductiveStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stem ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Root ; owl:onProperty :resembles ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Underground ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rhizopod :wnsense "rhizopod1n" ; :wordnet "rhizopod" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhizopod ' in WordNet: 1. rhizopod, rhizopodan - (protozoa characterized by a pseudopod) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protozoan . :Rhodium :guid "bd590bc7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "45"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Rh2n", "rhodium1n" ; :wordnet "Rh", "rhodium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Rhodium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhodium' in WordNet: 1. rhodium, Rh, atomic number 45 - (a white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Rhododendron :guid "bd58c2dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rhododendron1n" ; :wordnet "rhododendron" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rhododendron'' is a popular flowering garden bush. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhododendron' in WordNet: 1. rhododendron - (any shrub of the genus Rhododendron: evergreen shrubs or small shrubby trees having leathery leaves and showy clusters of campanulate (bell-shaped) flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :HeathOrder . :Rhomboid :guid "c040167f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rhomboid1n" ; :wordnet "rhomboid" ; a :ObjectType, :TwoDimensionalShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Parallelogram. This is the collection of all parallelograms whose adjacent sides are of unequal length. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhomboid' in WordNet: 1. rhomboid - (a parallelogram with adjacent sides of unequal lengths; an oblique-angled parallelogram with only the opposite sides equal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parallelogram . :Rhombus :guid "c04fe9b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rhombus1n" ; :wordnet "rhombus" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Parallelogram and #$EquilateralPolygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all rhombus-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhombus' in Wordnet: 1. rhombus, rhomb - (a parallelogram with four equal sides; an oblique-angled equilateral parallelogram) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquilateralPolygon, :Parallelogram, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasNumberOfSides ] . :RhoneRiver :guid "bd58b585-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "major river of France" . :Rhyme :wnsense "rhyme1n", "rhyme2v", "rime1v", "rime2n" ; :wordnet "rhyme", "rime" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rhyme'' is a ''Similarity'' (a ''HavingAnAttribute'',a ''Quality'') and a PersistentState in which a pair of words have a similar sound, especially in the final syllable or final two syllables. The degree of rhyming in a line of verse can vary,in some cases being more than two syllables and more than two words in a line. In general, the vowel sound of rhyming syllables must be similar, and the similarity of final consonants increases the degree of rhyming. NOTE: this 'rhyme' is for rhyming words, not whole lines. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhyme' in WordNet: 1. (1) rhyme, rime - (correspondence in the sounds of two or more lines (especially final sounds)) WN verb 'rhyme': 2. rhyme, rime - (be similar in sound, especially with respect to the last syllable; 'hat and cat rhyme') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Similarity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rhymed ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Rhymed :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfWords ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Rhyme ; :wnsense "rhymed1adj", "rhyming1adj", "riming1adj" ; :wordnet "rhymed", "rhyming", "riming" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A ''GroupOfWords'' in which each Word has a similar sound is ''Rhymed''. A ''GroupOfWords'' organized by lines, where the last word of each line has a similar sound is also ''Rhymed''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rhymed' in Wordnet: 1. rhymed, rhyming, riming - (having corresponding sounds especially terminal sounds; 'rhymed verse'; 'rhyming words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Rhythmic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Music, :Poetry, :RhythmicBeat ; :wnsense "rhythmic1adj", "rhythmical1adj" ; :wordnet "rhythmic", "rhythmical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rhythmic' in Wordnet: 1. (3) rhythmical, rhythmic - (recurring with measured regularity; 'the rhythmic chiming of church bells'- John Galsworthy; \"rhythmical prose\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RhythmicBeat :ldoce "beat" ; :wnsense "beat3n", "rhythm1n" ; :wordnet "beat", "rhythm" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of Music, being the set of notes that are timed to create the basic rhythm of a piece, setting the rate at which the notes are played and indicating which notes receive particular emphasis. This is a Sound, so it is not an Attribute of a musical piece. @ToDo: the attribute of timing, the rate at which notes are played, is not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rhythm' and sense 3 of 'beat' in WordNet: 3. (1) rhythm, beat, musical rhythm - (the basic rhythmic unit in a piece of music; 'the piece has a fast rhythm'; 'the conductor set the beat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music . :Rib :ennp "ribs" ; :guid "bd58cda1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Chest-BodyPart ; :wnsense "rib2n" ; :wordnet "rib" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ In CYC 'Rib-AnimalBodyPart Part of a rib cage Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rib' in WordNet: 2. (2) rib, costa - (any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chest-BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :RibCage :en "ribs" ; :ennp "ribs" ; :wnsense "rib cage1n" ; :wordnet "rib cage" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rib cage' in WordNet: 1. (2) rib cage - (the bony enclosing wall of the chest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :SkeletalStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rib ; owl:minCardinality "6" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ] . :Ribbon :guid "be01e2da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ribbon4n" ; :wordnet "ribbon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A flat strip of cloth (perhaps synthetic fiber) used for decorating something - gift packages, rooms, hair. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'ribbon' in WordNet: 4. ribbon - (notion consisting of a narrow strip of fine material used for trimming) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CordlikeObject, :RibbonlikeObject, :TextileArtifact . :RibbonlikeObject :en "ribbon-like object" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Three-dimensional Object that has one dimension much thinner (> 10X) than the other two, and one of the other two dimensions is much shorter (> 5X) than the other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FilamentlikeObject, :FlatObject, :Strip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ribbon ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Ribose :guid "be3de075-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C5H10O5 ; :wnsense "ribose1n" ; :wordnet "ribose" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ribose'' is a pentose monosaccharide. It forms part of the 'ribonucleotides' which are themselves monomer units for RNA. CYC: A collection of molecules. Instances of #$Ribose are molecules of a certain kind of sugar. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robose' in WordNet: 1. ribose - (a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :Pentose . :RibosomalRNA :en "ribosomal RNA" ; :enn "ribosomal RNA" ; :guid "c10d05f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaConstituentSubstanceOf :Ribosome ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RibosomalRNA''is the type of RNA that is one of the main constituent substances of a ''Ribosome' (together with Protein). This is a substance, not (as in CYC) a single molecule. CYC: #$RibosomalRNA is the collection of #$RNAMolecules that form the core of a cell's #$Ribosome, the site of protein synthesis during #$Translation-RNAToProtein. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RNA . :Ribosome :guid "be1f6b6f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ribosome1n" ; :wordnet "ribosome" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Ribosome is the collection of small spherical organelles located in cells which serve as the site for protein synthesis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ribosome' in WordNet: 1. ribosome - (an organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell; they attach to mRNA and move down it one codon at a time and then stop until tRNA brings the required amino acid; when it reaches a stop codon it falls apart and releases the completed protein molecule for use by the cell; 'the ribosome is the site of protein synthesis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organelle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProteinSynthesis ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RibosomalRNA ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protein ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cytoplasm ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Rice-Foodstuff :guid "c100a02e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :RicePlant ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :RicePlant ; :ldoce "rice" ; :wnsense "rice1n" ; :wordnet "rice" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Foods consisting of rice; may be in the form of grains, rice flour, or other forms, so long as it is wholly or mainly rice. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rice' in WordNet: 1. (5) rice - - (grains used as food either unpolished or more often polished) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealFood, :ExistingStuffType, :VegetableMatter . :RiceFlour :guid "bd5905a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :RicePlant ; :ldoce "flour" ; :wnsense "flour1n" ; :wordnet "flour" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Flour made from Rice. Included as part of noun sense 1 of 'flour' in WordNet: 1. (3) flour - (fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flour, :Rice-Foodstuff . :RicePlant :guid "bd589a1f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rice" ; :naturallyProduces :Rice-Foodstuff ; :wnsense "rice2n" ; :wordnet "rice" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual rice plants. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rice' in WordNet: 2. (4) rice - - (annual or perennial rhizomatous marsh grasses; seed used for food; straw used for paper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealPlant . :Rich-Fertile :wnsense "fat5adj", "fertile4adj", "productive4adj", "rich4adj" ; :wordnet "fat", "fertile", "productive", "rich" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rich-Fertile'' is an attribute of ''Soil'' or of some ''Tract'' of ''Ground'' that is better than average at supporting growth of plants, especially crop plants. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'rich' in Wordnet: 4. (2) fat, fertile, productive, rich - (marked by great fruitfulness; 'fertile farmland'; 'a fat land'; 'a productive vineyard'; 'rich soil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FitForaPurpose, :Useful . :RichFlavored :wnsense "full-bodied1adj", "racy2adj", "rich1adj", "robust2adj" ; :wordnet "full-bodied", "racy", "rich", "robust" ; a :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 10 of 'rich' in Wordnet: 10. full-bodied, racy, rich, robust - (marked by richness and fullness of flavor; 'a rich ruby port'; 'full-bodied wines'; 'a robust claret'; 'the robust flavor of fresh-brewed coffee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteAttribute . :Riches :ldoce "wealth" ; :wnsense "riches1n", "wealth3n" ; :wordnet "riches", "wealth" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Riches is one or more ''Asset''s worth some large amount of money, or of some valuable goods that can be traded for money. The actual number is somewhat vague and will vary with time and with the community using such concepts. This need not be a ''LiquidAsset'', which can be quickly converted to cash. For ''Riches''owned by an individual ''Person'' use subtype ''Wealth''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'riches' and sense 3 of 'wealth' in WordNet: 1. wealth, riches - (an abundance of material possessions and resources) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Asset . :Richly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Abundant, :MoreThanEnough ; :isTheOppositeOf :Meagerly ; :wnsense "richly1adv" ; :wordnet "richly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an adjective or Action and specifies that the degree or intensity of the action or attribute is greater than required or more than average. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'richly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) amply, richly - (to an ample degree or in an ample manner; 'these voices were amply represented'; 'we benefited richly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Rickets :guid "c0fd63d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rachitis2n", "rickets1n" ; :wordnet "rachitis", "rickets" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rickets'' is a vitamin D deficiency, usually suffered during Childood. CYC: A condition arising from having a vitamin D deficiency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rickets' in WordNet: 1. rickets, rachitis - (childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Avitaminosis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VitaminD ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ] . :Rickettsia :guid "be1f0603-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rickettsia1n" ; :wordnet "rickettsia" ; a :BacteriumType, :BiologicalGenus, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium in a #$BiologicalGenus in the #$MoneraKingdom. These #$ProkaryoticCells are rods, nonmotile without flagella. They are #$AerobicBacterium. They use glutamate as their main energy source in respiration. Glucose is not used. These are small #$Bacterium that are transmitted to humans by arthropods and cause various types of diseases, such as #$TyphusFeverGroup. Some #$BiologicalSpecies are transmitted transovarially in the arthropod, which serves as a vector and reservoir. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rickettsia' in WordNet: 1. rickettsia - (any of a group of very small rod-shaped bacteria that live in biting arthropods (as ticks and mites) and cause disease in vertebrate hosts; they cause typhus and other febrile diseases in human beings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AerobicBacterium, :LivingBiologicalAgent, :Parasite . :Rickshaw :wnsense "jinrikisha1n", "ricksha1n", "rickshaw1n" ; :wordnet "jinrikisha", "ricksha", "rickshaw" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'jinrikisha' is Japanese for 'person powered car'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rickshaw' in WordNet: 1. jinrikisha, ricksha, rickshaw - (a small two-wheeled cart for one passenger; pulled by one person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cart, :Device-UserPowered, :MusclePoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Passenger ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :RiddenAnimalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RiddenAnimalType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of AnimalType that can serve as type for any animal that can serve to transport a Person on its back. The most common modern instances are Horse and Camel, though others were sometimes used in olden days.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeastType . :Ridding :en "ridding" ; :ldoce "rid" ; :wnsense "get rid of1v", "get rid of2v", "get rid of3v", "rid1v" ; :wordnet "get rid of", "rid" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which.an agent physically removes one or more undesirable PhysicalObjects from some Place. In the case of living pests, Ridding can be accomplished by killing them; to rid an animal of an infectious disease it is enough to reduce the body burden of pathogenic microorganisms to a level that does not cause symptoms. Having an instance of this Action implies that something undesirable was present in a Place, and after the action it was not present. @ToDo: NOTE that both 'rid' and 'get rid of' are tagged as labels, but these two verbs have different semantic objects. They should be distinguished. e.g. 'rid the house of rats' vs. 'get rid of the rats in the house' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rid' and senses 1, 2, and 3 of verb 'get rid of' in WordNet: 1. (5) rid, free, disembarrass - (relieve from; 'Rid the house of pests') WN verb 'get rid of': 1. (7) get rid of, remove - (dispose of; 'Get rid of these old shoes!'; 'The company got rid of all the dead wood') 2. (3) eliminate, get rid of, do away with - (terminate or take out; 'Let's eliminate the course on Akkadian hieroglyphics') 3. abolish, get rid of - (do away with; 'Slavery was abolished in the mid-19th century in America and in Russia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesirableEvent, :RemovingPhysically . :Rider :wnsense "rider1n" ; :wordnet "rider" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rider'' is a Person who is transported (frequently, occasionally, or at one time) on the back of some instance of ''RiddenAnimalType'' (usually horse or camel) This is not a ''Passenger'', who rides on or in a transportation device. The ''Rider'' is the one who congtrols the animal being ridden. If there are thers on the same animal, they would be instances of parent type ''Traveler''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rider' in WordNet: 1. (11) rider - (a traveler who actively rides an animal (as a horse or camel)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Traveler, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :RidingaBeast ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :RidingaBeast ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controlsManually ; owl:someValuesFrom :RiddenAnimalType ] . :Ridge :wnsense "ridge2n", "ridge3n", "ridge4n" ; :wordnet "ridge" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ridge'' is any long narrow ''Convexity'' on the surface. of a relatively flat PhysicalObject. For the Topographical 'ridge' on the Earth's surface use ''LandRidge''. Includes noun senses 2 to 4 of 'ridge' in WordNet: 2. ridge - (any long raised strip) 3. ridge - (a long narrow natural elevation on the floor of the ocean) 4. ridge, ridgeline - (a long narrow range of hills) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convexity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RidiculingSomeone :wnsense "blackguard1v", "guy1v", "jest at1v", "laugh at1v", "make fun1v", "poke fun1v", "rib2v", "ridicule1v", "roast2v" ; :wordnet "blackguard", "guy", "jest at", "laugh at", "make fun", "poke fun", "rib", "ridicule", "roast" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RidiculingSomeone'' is a more intensive form of ''MockingSomeone'' in which the disapproval is expressed in terms tending to make the ''Target'' appear ridiculous. RHW 'mockery': 1. ridicule, contempt, or derision.??same?? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ridicule' in WordNet: 1. (3) ridicule, roast, guy, blackguard, laugh at, jest at, rib, make fun, poke fun - (subject to laughter or ridicule; 'The satirists ridiculed the plans for a new opera house'; 'The students poked fun at the inexperienced teacher'; 'His former students roasted the professor at his 60th birthday') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MockingSomeone . :Ridiculous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Belief, :Plan ; :isTheOppositeOf :Reasonable ; :wnsense "absurd2adj", "cockeyed2adj", "derisory1adj", "idiotic1adj", "laughable1adj", "ludicrous2adj", "nonsensical1adj", "preposterous1adj", "ridiculous2adj" ; :wordnet "absurd", "cockeyed", "derisory", "idiotic", "laughable", "ludicrous", "nonsensical", "preposterous", "ridiculous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ridiculous'' is more intense than ''Silly'' on the scale of being unreasonalble. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'ridiculous' in WordNet: 2. (3) absurd, cockeyed, derisory, idiotic, laughable, ludicrous, nonsensical, preposterous, ridiculous - (incongruous;inviting ridicule; 'the absurd excuse that the dog ate his homework'; 'that's a cockeyed idea'; 'ask a nonsensical question and get a nonsensical answer'; 'a contribution so small as to be laughable'; 'it is ludicrous to call a cottage a mansion'; 'a preposterous attempt to turn back the pages of history'; 'her conceited assumption of universal interest in her rather dull children was ridiculous') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unreasonable, :VeryUnlikely . :Riding :en "riding" ; :ldoce "ride" ; :wnsense "ride10v", "ride12v", "ride1v", "ride2v" ; :wordnet "ride" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event, not a FunctionalProcess, in which an agent moves from one place to another supported by (on or in) some animal or device. This is the most general transportation sense of 'riding', in which the power to move the supporting object may come from the person being transported (as on a bicycle), or from an animal (riding a horse or riding in a horse-drawn or person-drawn vehicle), or from a motor in the transportation device, or from wind power, or other power source. This includes riding in boats and airplanes and spacecraft. The thing that is ridden must be specified using the 'hadObjectRidden'. relation. The different things that can be ridden can also be specified by using subtypes of 'Riding' such as 'RidingInAnAirplane' Although this is an Event, it has a meaning distinct from 'Travel-TripEvent', in that the latter implies an origin and destination whereas 'Riding' merely specifies the type of object on which an agent is travelling, for any interval of time, with or without a specific destination. Thus riding a pony around a short closed path is an instance of 'Riding' but not of 'Travel-TripEvent'. NOTE that ''Riding'' is more like a state than an action, but this type inclides both possibilities. ''Riding'' is anEvencaused by a ''TransportationEvent'', but because a ''TransportationEvent'' is a ''BecomingEvent'' (making something change), the passive states that may be included in interpetations of the term ''Riding'' cannot be represented as a subtype of a change. Includes verb senses 1, 2, 10, and 12 of 'ride' in WordNet; note that the object in sense 12 is not the moving object that supports the rider. in WordNet: 1. (53) ride, sit - (sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions; 'She never sat a horse!'; 'Did you ever ride a camel?'; 'The girl liked to drive the young mare') 2. (30) ride - (be carried or travel on or in a vehicle; 'I ride to work in a bus'; 'He rides the subway downtown every day') 10. ride - (sit on and control a vehicle; 'He rides his bicycle to work every day'; 'She loves to ride her new motorcycle through town') 12. ride - (ride over, along, or through; 'Ride the freeways of California') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Motion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RouteOverGround ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :RidingAsAPassenger :ldoce "ride" ; :wnsense "ride1n" ; :wordnet "ride" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RidingAsAPassenger' is a 'TransportationServiceEvent' in which an agent (usually human) moves from one place to another in some vehicle, but is not the driver or controller of the vehicle. This would be referred to as a 'ride'. NOTE that this Event subsumes both the Service of providing he ride, and the recipocal action of the passenger benefitting from the service. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'ride' in WordNet, 1. (6) drive, ride - (a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile); 'he took the family for a drive in his new car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingInaVehicle, :TransportationServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] ; owl:disjointWith :ControllingATransportationDevice . :RidingAsAnAirplanePassenger :en "flying" ; :ldoce "fly" ; :wnsense "fly9v" ; :wordnet "fly" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RidingInAnAirplane' is an instance of both 'RidingAsaPassenger' and 'RidingInAnAirplane' an agent (usually human) is transported in an Airplane by others controlling the airplane. This excludes the pilot, co-pilot and other members of the crew. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 9 of WordNet 'fly', though WN does not explicitly exclude crewmembers - if crew is part of the WN sense, then this is only part of the WN sense: 9. (1) fly - (travel in an airplane; 'she is flying to Cincinnati tonight'; 'Are we driving or flying?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingAsAPassenger, :RidingInAnAirplane ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:RidingInAnAirplane :RidingAsAPassenger ) ] . :RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger :en "getting a cab ride", "riding", "riding in a taxi", "taking a taxi" ; :ldoce "ride" ; :wnsense "ride1n" ; :wordnet "ride" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger'' is a 'RidingAsAPassenger' in which the vehicle ridden is a ''TaxiCab''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingAsAPassenger, :RidingInaRoadVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TaxiCab ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TaxiPassenger ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TaxiFare ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] ; owl:disjointWith :ControllingATransportationDevice . :RidingInAnAirplane :ldoce "ride" ; :wnsense "ride10v", "ride2v" ; :wordnet "ride" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RidingInAnAirplane' is an instance of 'Riding' in which an agent (usually human) moves from one place to another through the air supported by (usually inside) an Airplane. The agent doing the RidingInAnAirplane may or may not be participating in the control of the Airplane; both passengers and crew are included. The Airplane must be a self-powered plane supported by wings or rotors (helicopters are included, dirigibles and balloons and gliders are not). Corresponds approximately to part of verb senses 2, and 10 of 'ride' in WordNet, but 'vehicle' is interpreted broadly in COSMO, while it is unclear if WordNet restricts the meaning to road vehicles. in WordNet: 2. (30) ride - (be carried or travel on or in a vehicle; 'I ride to work in a bus'; 'He rides the subway downtown every day') 10. ride - (sit on and control a vehicle; 'He rides his bicycle to work every day'; 'She loves to ride her new motorcycle through town') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingInaVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Airplane ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] . :RidingInaBoat :ldoce "ride" ; :wnsense "ride10v", "ride2v" ; :wordnet "ride" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RidingInaBoat' is an Event in which an agent (usually human) moves from one place to another supported by a ''Boat'', on some body of water. The agent doing the Riding may or may not be participating in the control of the Boat; both passengers and crew are included. The object ''Boat'' is a sutype of ''Watercraft''; that parent that includes any ''TransportationDevice'' that moves or under the surface of a body of water. This type is intended to represent ''Riding'' in vessel that is primarily used to transport people. But some military ships could be considered as 'weapons platforms' that are not used primarily for transporting people, so there is some overlap. At this point the distinction is not rigid. Corresponds approximately to part of verb senses 2, and 10 of 'ride' in WordNet, but 'vehicle' is interpreted broadly in COSMO, while it is unclear if WordNet restricts the meaning to road vehicles. in WordNet: 2. (30) ride - (be carried or travel on or in a vehicle; 'I ride to work in a bus'; 'He rides the subway downtown every day') 10. ride - (sit on and control a vehicle; 'He rides his bicycle to work every day'; 'She loves to ride her new motorcycle through town') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingInaVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Watercraft ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :RidingInaRoadVehicle :en "riding in a road vehicle" ; :enn "riding in a road vehicle" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RidingInaRoadVehicle'' is a 'RidingInaVehicle' in which the 'vehicle' is a ''RoadVehicle''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Locomotion-SolidSurface, :RidingInaVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] . :RidingInaSailboat :ldoce "sail" ; :wnsense "sail3v" ; :wordnet "sail" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RidingInaSailboat' is an instance of 'RidingInaBoat' in which the Boat is a Sailboat (of any size). The agent doing the Riding may or may not be participating in the control of the Boat; both passengers and crew are included. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'sail' in WordNet, in WordNet: 3. (1) sail - (travel in a boat propelled by wind; 'I love sailing, especially on the open sea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingInaBoat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sailboat ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] . :RidingInaVehicle :ldoce "ride" ; :wnsense "ride10v", "ride2v" ; :wordnet "ride" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RidingInaVehicle' is an Event in which an agent (usually human) moves from one place to another supported by some vehicle, whether land, sea, air, or space. The agent doing the Riding may or may not be participating in the control of the Vehicle; both passengers and drive (and crew, for boats) are included. Corresponds approximately to part of verb senses 2, and 10 of 'ride' in WordNet, but 'vehicle' is interpreted broadly in COSMO, while it is unclear if WordNet restricts the meaning to road vehicles. in WordNet: 2. (30) ride - (be carried or travel on or in a vehicle; 'I ride to work in a bus'; 'He rides the subway downtown every day') 10. ride - (sit on and control a vehicle; 'He rides his bicycle to work every day'; 'She loves to ride her new motorcycle through town') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Riding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] . :RidingaBeast :ldoce "ride" ; :wnsense "ride1v" ; :wordnet "ride" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RidingaBeast'' is an Action in which a ''Rider'' (a Person) is carried on the back of some ''RiddenAnimalType'', while controlling that animal's direction and pace. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ride' in WordNet: 1. (53) ride, sit - (sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions; 'She never sat a horse!'; 'Did you ever ride a camel?'; 'The girl liked to drive the young mare') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Riding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rider ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ; owl:someValuesFrom :RiddenAnimalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :CarryingaRider ] . :RidingaBicycle :eng "bicycling", "cycling" ; :guid "bd58e9cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bicycle1v", "bike1v", "cycle4v", "pedal1v", "wheel4v" ; :wordnet "bicycle", "bike", "cycle", "pedal", "wheel" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''RidingaBicycle'' is an Event in which a Person rides on a ''Bicycle'', usually while propelling the bike with a series of ''Pedaling'' Motions, but also riding a Bicyle that may not reqquire pedaling at times, such as an electric Bcycle or a motorbike. FOr the sport of ''RidingaBicycle'' use subtype ''BicycleRace'. CYC: A collection of events. In each instance of #$PedalingABicycle, one person pushes on the pedals of a bicycle, moving the crankshaft around. Every instance of #$PedalingABicycle has at least one instance of #$Pedaling among its #$subEvents. #$PedalingABicycle may be done on a stationary bike, such as an #$ExerciseBike, or on a more conventional #$Bicycle which one could ride from place to place. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'pedal' in WordNet: 1. bicycle, cycle, bike, pedal, wheel - (ride a bicycle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingaCycle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bicycle ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pedaling ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :RidingaCycle :en "riding a bicycle or motorcycle", "riding a cycle" ; :wnsense "cycling1n" ; :wordnet "cycling" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RidingaCycle'' is an 'Action'' in which a ''Rider'' (a Person) is sits in the saddle of a Bicycle or MotorCycle and drives it by starting,stopping,and steering. In the case of a Bicycle that includes ''Pedaling''; for a Motorcycle the subtype is. This WN sense is interpreted as the ''Action'' that is the execution of the ''Sport'' of ''Cycling'', not the Sport itself (a Specification). The subtypes are more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cycling' in WordNet: 1. cycling - (the sport of traveling on a bicycle or motorcycle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Riding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rider ] . :RidingaHorse :wnsense "equitation1n", "horseback riding1n", "horseback riding2n", "riding1n", "riding2n" ; :wordnet "equitation", "horseback riding", "riding" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RidingaHorse'' is an Action in which a ''Rider'' (a Person) is carried on the back of some ''Horse'', while controlling that animal's direction and pace. The sport can be distinguished as a subtype when needed. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'horseback rding' in WordNet: 1. riding, horseback riding, equitation - (the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements) 2. riding, horseback riding - (to be carried on horseback as a means of transportation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingaBeast, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :HorsebackRider ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarryingaRider ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ] . :RidingaMotorcycle :en "riding a motorcycle" ; :wnsense "cycle3v", "motorbike1v", "motorcycle1v" ; :wordnet "cycle", "motorbike", "motorcycle" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RidingaMotorcycle'' is an Action in which a ''Rider'' (a Person) sits in the saddle of a MotorCycle and drives it by starting,stopping,and steering. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'motorcycle' in WordNet: 1. motorbike, motorcycle, cycle - (ride a motorcycle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingInaRoadVehicle, :RidingaCycle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rider ] . :RidingaRaceHorse :en "jockeying", "riding a race horse" ; :wnsense "jockey3v" ; :wordnet "jockey" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RidingaRaceHorse'' is an Action that is a subEvent of a ''HorseRace'' in which a ''Jockey'' (a Person) is carried on the back of some ''RaceHorse'', while controlling that animal's direction and pace. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'jockey' in WordNet: 3. jockey - (ride a racehorse as a professional jockey) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingaHorse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Jockey ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaceHorse ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HorseRace ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Rifle :guid "c10ae15a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rifle1n" ; :wordnet "rifle" ; a :RifleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: Single-user gun with a long rifled barrel - gets the bullet spinning and improves reliability of aim. SUMO: A Firearm with a long barrel that is intended to be fired from the shoulder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rifle' in Wordnet: 1. (75) rifle - (a shoulder firearm with a long barrel and a rifled bore; 'he lifted the rifle to his shoulder and fired') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Firearm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handgun ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "50"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BulletAssembly ; owl:onProperty :consumes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullet ; owl:onProperty :propels ] . :RifleStock :wnsense "gunstock1n", "stock7n" ; :wordnet "gunstock", "stock" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RifleStock'' is a 'HandleStock' that is the wood or plastic 'handle' of a Rifle that holds the barrel and other metal parts, one the opposite end of the Rifle from the muzzle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gunstock' in WordNet: 7. (12) stock, gunstock - (the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun or part of the support of a machine gun or artillery gun; 'the rifle had been fitted with a special stock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gripstock, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :RifleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rifle ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RifleType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Each instance of ''RifleType'' is a type of ''Device'' that is a ''Rifle'' or a ''Shotgun'' or other type of Firearm that is long and has a ''RifleStock'' as a handle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceType . :Rifling :en "rifling", "spiral groove" ; :enn "rifling", "spiral groove" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpiralGroove'' is a ''Groove'' ('rifling') on the inside of a . ''BarrelOfaGun'' that is a ''Helix'', serving to cause bullets and artillery shells to rotate rapidly when fired into the air, thus providing stability and accuracy to the shot. No WN sense for this. RHW has: RHW 'rifling': 2. the system of spiral grooves so cut. (by 'RiflingaGunBarrel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Groove, :Helix, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RiflingaGunBarrel ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :RiflingaGunBarrel :en "rifling a gun barrel" ; :wnsense "grooving1n", "rifling1n" ; :wordnet "grooving", "rifling" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RiflingaGunBarrel'' is a ''CuttingaGroove'' in the barrel of a Gun (large or small) to create a rifled Groove. RHW 'rifling': 1. the act or process of cutting spiral grooves in a gun barrel, pipe, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rifling' in WordNet: 1. grooving, rifling - (the cutting of spiral grooves on the inside of the barrel of a firearm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingaGroove, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarrelOfaGun ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rifling ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :RiftValley :en "rift", "rift valley" ; :enn "rift", "rift valley" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'rift': 5. b. a graben of regional extent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea, :Graben, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rigging :wnsense "rigging1n", "rigging2n" ; :wordnet "rigging" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ropes and chains supporting yards and sails on a sailing ship. NOTE that a ''Sailboat'' can be of any size with any number of masts. RHW: the ropes, chains, etc., employed to support and work the masts, yards, sails, etc., on a ship. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'rigging' in Wordnet: 1. rigging, tackle - (gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship's masts and sails) 2. rig, rigging - (formation of masts, spars, sails, etc., on a vessel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equipment, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sailboat ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Halyard ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Right :ennp "rights" ; :ldoce "right" ; :wnsense "right1n", "right2n" ; :wordnet "right" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A MentalObject that relates two or more IntelligentAgents in such a way that the Agent that has the Right may do something that affects the other Agent, without creating a right for the other Agent. This is a primitive concept. The Right refers to some future Situation (action, event, state) that the Agent having the Right may cause to occur. The Agents are related to their rights by the relation 'hasRight'. This is very broad, and includes 'Permission' as a subtype, meaning that any agent with authority iover another can create a 'Right'. NOTE that each Right is an instance of TimeSlice because rights are often granted only for some limited interval of time. If in perpetuity, they do have a starting time, and devolve to heirs rather than continue to be vested in a dead person. The Random House Webster describes this sense of 'right' as: 'that which is due to anyone by just claim, legal guarantees, moral principles, etc.' A Right is in some sense an inverse of Obligation, in that failure to perform an Obligation can incur negative consequences for an Agent with an Obligation, whereas in theory having a Right should allow an Agent to perform an act without direct negative social consequences from the Agent against whom a Right is held. For certain types of Right, not having a Right implies an Obligation not to do the action that is the subject of the Right. Whereas an Obligation is created by an Authority, a Right can be created by simple unilateral permission, negotiation, payment, or by dint of a situation such as being born in a particular place. Nevertheless, a Right always involves some other Agent (which can be as abstract as God or one's own conscience), otherwise the alternative of not having a Right would incur no negative consequence on performing the action. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'right' in Wordnet: 1. (649) right - (an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; 'they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights'; 'Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people'- Eleanor Roosevelt; 'a right is not something that somebody gives you; it is something that nobody can take away') 2. (87) right - ((frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing; 'mineral rights'; 'film rights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, :Resource, :TimeSlice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ] . :Right-Handed :isTheOppositeOf :Left-Handed ; :wnsense "right-handed1adj" ; :wordnet "right-handed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This mixes two different meanings - should be distinguished. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'right-handed' in Wordnet: 1. right-handed - (using or intended for the right hand; 'a right-handed batter'; 'right-handed scissors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Right-HandedPitcher :wnsense "left hander1n", "left-handed pitcher1n", "left-hander1n", "lefthander1n", "lefty2n", "southpaw1n" ; :wordnet "left hander", "left-handed pitcher", "left-hander", "lefthander", "lefty", "southpaw" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPitcher, :RightHander, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PitchingRightHanded ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Right-Side-Up :isTheOppositeOf :Upside-Down ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Right-Side-Up' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that are TopAndBottomSidedObjects, that have the TopSide located above the BottomSide in a gravitational field - i.e. are oriented normally. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure, :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Right-Wing :isTheOppositeOf :PoliticallyLiberal ; :wnsense "right-wing1adj", "rightist1adj" ; :wordnet "right-wing", "rightist" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Right-Wing''is a subattribute of ''PoliticallyConservative'' characterizing people who consistently have broad support for politically conservative policies. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'right-wing' in Wordnet: 1. rightist, right-wing - (believing in or supporting tenets of the political right) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticallyConservative . :RightAndLeftFields a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RightAndLeftFields' is a Pair, one element of which is a baseball RightField and one element is a baseball LeftField. These elements have to be on the same baseball field. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticFieldPart, :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :RightField ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :LeftField ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Baseball ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballField ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RightField :wnsense "right field1n", "right8n", "rightfield1n" ; :wordnet "right", "right field", "rightfield" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RightField' is a part of a BaseballField outside the area delimited by the four bases, and to the right of CenterField, as viewed by someone at home plate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'right field' in WordNet: 1. right field, rightfield, right - (the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticFieldPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Baseball ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballField ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RightHander :en "righty" ; :enn "righty" ; :wnsense "right hander1n", "right-hander2n", "righthander1n" ; :wordnet "right hander", "right-hander", "righthander" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'righthander' in WordNet: 2. right-hander, right hander, righthander - (a person who uses the right hand more skillfully than the left) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RightHumanArm ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :RightHumanArm :en "right arm" ; :enn "right arm" ; a :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''RightHumanArm'' is the right-hand ''Arm''of a Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rightward ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RightHumanLeg :ldoce "leg" ; :wnsense "leg1n" ; :wordnet "leg" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The right Leg on a human. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'leg' in WordNet: 1. (75) leg - (a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanLeg . :RightOfInheritance :en "right of inheritance", "right to inherit private property" ; a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''RightOfInheritance'' is a ''Right'' to Inherit some form of private property (i.e. some ''ValuableThing'' that a Person may own, which could also be a ''Right''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedOrEntailedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LastWillAndTestament ] . :RightType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RightType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of ''Right''. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Righteous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "righteous1adj" ; :wordnet "righteous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Righteous'' is a more intensive degree of ''Moral'' that inclines a Person not only to avoid things considered against a moral code, but to try to convince others to do the same. The term 'righteous' is also used in another sense, Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'righteous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) righteous - (characterized by or proceeding from accepted standards of morality or justice; \"the...prayer of a righteous man availeth much\"- James 5:16) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moral . :Righteousness :wnsense "righteousness1n" ; :wordnet "righteousness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Righteousness'' is form of ''Morality' that disposes a Person to not only perform only acts s/he considers to be 'moral' and avoid those that are 'immoral', but to consider those views as important to impart to others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'righteousness' in WordNet: 1. (1) righteousness - (adhering to moral principles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Morality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Righteous ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Rightist :guid "bf77964c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "right-winger1n", "rightist1n" ; :wordnet "right-winger", "rightist" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rightist'' is a ''Conservative'' whose views are consistently and broadly more conservative than an average ''Conservative'' But not an extremist. CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who accept #$RightistIdeology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rightist' in WordNet: 1. rightist, right-winger - (a member of a right wing political party) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conservative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capitalism ; owl:onProperty :hadCauseOrAgentSupported ] . :Rightly :en "with good reason" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Correct ; :wnsense "justifiably1adv", "justifiedly1adv", "justly1adv", "rightly1adv", "with reason1adv" ; :wordnet "justifiably", "justifiedly", "justly", "rightly", "with reason" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rightly'' is a subtype of ''Properly'',an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action that is done and signals that the Event being described was itsef performed correctly or had a result or intent that was correct. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'rightly' in WordNet: 1. (4) rightly, justly, justifiedly - (with honesty; 'he was rightly considered the greatest singer of his time') WN adverb 'justifiably': 1. (2) justifiably, with reason - (with good reason; 'he is justifiably bitter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Properly . :Rights :ldoce "right" ; :wnsense "right2n" ; :wordnet "right" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'Rights'' is a Group of ''Right''s held by some agent or group of agents. This concept is broad, and has been applied to things as intangible as nature, species, an ecosystem, or the whole earth. For this COSMO type.only an ''IntentionalAgent'' or Group of ''IntentionalAgent''s (including animal) is considered as having ''Rights''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'right' in WordNet: 2. (87) right - ((frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing; 'mineral rights'; 'film rights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Right ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPossessedBy ] . :Rightward :isAnAttributeValueOf :LeftAndRightSidedObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :Left ; :ldoce "right" ; :wnsense "right2adj" ; :wordnet "right" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Rightward' is the attribute of some thing (object, location) that is to the right side, from the perspective of some observer, or in reference to a region of some 'LeftAndRightSidedObject' (for which Left and Right sides are absolute references). The opposite is 'Left'. RHW: 2. situated on the right. 3. directed toward the right. 'Rightward' is the term used here to avoid clash with other meaningsof 'Right', but does not signify an adverbial sense. This attribute is meaningful only if the observer or LeftAndRightSidedObject are understood, to provide the frame of reference. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'right' in WordNet: 2. (20) right - (being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north; 'my right hand'; 'right center field'; 'a right-hand turn'; 'the right bank of a river is the bank on your right side when you are facing downstream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionalAttributeValue, :OrientationMeasure . :Rigid :isTheOppositeOf :Deformable, :Flexible, :Limp ; :wnsense "inflexible3adj", "rigid1adj" ; :wordnet "inflexible", "rigid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Rigid is an attribute of objects that strongly resist bending; it is a quality that occupies the higher range of 'Stiff' - droop should be less than 2 degrees. This is relative to size and shape. A 4mm wide aluminum rod only a few inches long may have no perceptible droop when held horizontally, but a rod of similar diameter and 10 feet long may droop very noticeably from one end to the other. The longer length would not be classified as 'rigid'. See also 'Semirigid' - the property of things that can deform to some perceptible degree under pressure. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rigid' in Wordnet: 1. (5) rigid, stiff - (incapable of or resistant to bending; 'a rigid strip of metal'; 'a table made of rigid plastic'; 'a palace guardsman stiff as a poker'; 'stiff hair'; 'a stiff neck') WN adj 'inflexible': 3. inflexible - (resistant to being bent; 'an inflexible iron bar'; 'an inflexible knife blade';) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stiff . :RigidColumn :CYC "Pillar" ; :guid "bd58f163-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "column6n", "pillar4n" ; :wordnet "column", "pillar" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RigidColumn'' is a ''FixedStructure'' made of stone or some other strong and rigid material such as concrete or steel or a heavy wooden beam, shaped approximately like a ''ColumnShape'' and taller than Person. This can have any cross-sectional shape, circular or polygonal. CYC 'Pillar': a tall strong support column used in buildings NOTE: this includes monuments such as ''Obelisk''s, so it does not have to be a 'supporting' object. See ''Piling'' for a structural support. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'column' in WordNet: 6. (1) column, pillar - (a vertical cylindrical structure standing alone and not supporting anything (such as a monument)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :LongAndThinThing, :NonPoweredDevice, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :StoneType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ColumnShape ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :RigidObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RigidObject is a SolidObject that will not distort its shape greater than 10% in the vertical dimension when supported by three or four sharply pointed rigid objects, placed at the periphery of the RigidObject, in the Earth's gravitational field. This will exclude most semi-solid gels. Long beams may fail this test, though the same beam in a shorter length (having to support less mass in the middle) may pass the test. Thus rigidity is a property of objects, not of materials, and depends not only on the inherent hardness of a material, but its shape and size. A thin sheet of a material will not be rigid though a beam of the same material can be. This type is a 'rigid' form of 'self-connected object' (''WholeObject''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DryObject, :SolidObject . :Rigorous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :Research, :RuleForBehavior ; :wnsense "rigorous1adj" ; :wordnet "rigorous" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rigorous'' is a subtype of ''Painstaking'' characterizing both a Person who performs work (such as research or other work requiring high precision) so that the results will be correct and as close as possible to the truth; and also characterizes work performed in that manner. Closest to ssense 2 of 'rigorous' in RHW: 2. severely exact or accurate; precise: rigorous research. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'rigorous' ('rigidly accurate') in WordNet: 1. (1) rigorous, strict - (rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard; 'rigorous application of the law'; 'a strict vegetarian') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Painstaking . :Rim :wnsense "rim3n", "rim5n" ; :wordnet "rim" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The outer edge of a ''Disk'' shaped object. Includes noun senses 3 and 5 of 'rim' in Wordnet: 3. rim - (the outer part of a wheel to which the tire is attached) 5. brim, rim, lip - (the top edge of a vessel or other container) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterEdge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Disk :Device :DeviceType ) ] ] . :Ring :ldoce "band", "ring" ; :wnsense "band9n", "ring8n" ; :wordnet "band", "ring" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Ring' is a 'ClothingAcessoryBand' worn on the finger. It is usually but not necessarily made of metal (jade rings are common) and may have jewels mounted in it. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'ring' and 9 of 'band' in WordNet: 9. ring, band - (jewelry consisting of a circlet of precious metal (often set with jewels) worn on the finger; 'she had rings on every finger'; 'he noted that she wore a wedding band') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedLoopObject, :ClothingAcessoryBand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Finger ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Ringing :ldoce "ring" ; :wnsense "ring1v" ; :wordnet "ring" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Ringing' is an Event in which a ringing sound is emitted by some object. The ringing sound can be a single stroke, as of a bell, or a continuous series of single rings, as when a telephone or doorbell or alarm bell rings. The action of causing a bell to ring is a separate sense, 'RingingaBell'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ring' in WordNet: 1. (15) ring, peal - (sound loudly and sonorously; 'the bells rang') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RingingSound ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :RingingSound :ldoce "ring", "ringing" ; :wnsense "ring6n", "ringing1n" ; :wordnet "ring", "ringing" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sound consisting of one or more pulses of a sound such as that caused by striking a bell. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ringing' and noun sense 6 of 'ring' in Wordnet: 1. (1) ring, ringing, tintinnabulation - - (the sound of a bell ringing; 'the distinctive ring of the church bell'; 'the ringing of the telephone'; 'the tintinnabulation that so voluminously swells from the ringing and the dinging of the bells'--E. A. Poe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :RingingaBell :ldoce "ring" ; :wnsense "ring3v" ; :wordnet "ring" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RingingaBell' is an Action in which some agent causes a bell-like device to emit a ringing sound. The Event of a device emitting a ringing sound is a separate sense, 'Ringing'. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'ring' in WordNet: 3. (5) ring, knell - - (make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification; 'Ring the bells'; 'My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ringing ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Ringlet :en "curls" ; :ldoce "curl" ; :wnsense "curl3n", "ringlet2n" ; :wordnet "curl", "ringlet" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A cluster (a 'Group') of 'Curl's (spiral strands of hair). This corresponds to sense 1 in Random House Webster: 1 1. a curled lock of hair This sense appears to be included in that of sense 3 in WordNet, though the documentation for that sense does not reference the curly nature of that hair. in WordNet: 3. lock, curl, ringlet, whorl - (a strand or cluster of hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanHairObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curly ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Curl ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Ringmaster :wnsense "ringmaster1n" ; :wordnet "ringmaster" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ringmaster'' is a ''MasterOfCeremonies'' who introduces and controls the timing of acts in a ''Circus''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ringmaster' in WordNet: 1. ringmaster - (the person in charge of performances in a circus ring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist-Performer, :MasterOfCeremonies, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CircusTroupe ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CircusTroupe ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :RinsingEvent :CYC "Rinsing" ; :en "rinse out", "rinsing" ; :guid "bd589c43-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rinse off1v", "rinse1v" ; :wordnet "rinse", "rinse off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RinsingEvent'' is a type of ''CleaningEvent'' that uses Water to remove unwanted material, but does not use soap - that would be a ''WashingEvent''. CYC 'Rinsing': The collection of events in which an object is cleaned by running or pouring some liquid over it. This includes rinsing surfaces including skin or the eyes, rinsing fabric (as after washing,to remove the remaining soap, as by immersion and wringing), and the subtype ''Flushing'' uses water to remove things by the force of some quantity of moving water,as in flushing a toilet. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'rinse' (not just to get the soap out but to move dirt and also to remove objects larger than dirt particles, as by spraying with a directed spray from a hose) in WordNet: 1. (1) rinse, rinse off - (wash off soap or remaining dirt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :RioGrandeRiver :guid "bd59035f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "a major river of N America" . :Rioting :guid "bd58b7b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "public violence1n", "riot1n", "riot1v", "riot2n", "rioting1n" ; :wordnet "public violence", "riot", "rioting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rioting' is an uncontrolled surge of a Mob that is compaied by acts of violence such as breaking windows, destroying property, or assaulting people. CYC: The collection of events in which many agents go on a rampage, willfully destroying property, looting, and possibly endangering lives. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 and verb sense 1 of 'riot' in WordNet: 1. (1) riot, public violence - (a public act of violence by an unruly mob) 2. rioting, riot - (a state of disorder involving group violence) WN verb 'riot': 1. riot - (take part in a riot; disturb the public peace by engaging in a riot; 'Students were rioting everywhere in 1968') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IllegalAction, :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, :ViolentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mob ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disorder ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Rip :wnsense "rent2n", "rip2n", "tear2n" ; :wordnet "rent", "rip", "tear" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Rip'' is a 'Defect' in Sheetlike ''SolidObject'' consisting of a visible line of separation of what were adjacent parts of a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (usually cloth or paper). In COSMO this is a PhysicalObject consisting of the separation plus the adjacent parts that make it clear (enable one torecognize) that it is a separation of some sheet. This would not be used to apply to situations where a SheetOfSomeStuff were separated completely into two or more parts. A''Rip'' in a stocking would be the subtype ''Ravel'' ( a 'run'). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rip' and sense 2 of'tear' in WordNet: 2. rip, rent, snag, split, tear - (an opening made forcibly as by pulling apart; 'there was a rip in his pants'; 'she had snags in her stockings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DamagedPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfSomeStuff ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Ripcord :wnsense "ripcord2n" ; :wordnet "ripcord" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ripcord' in WordNet: 2. ripcord - (a cord that is pulled to open a parachute from its pack during a descent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cord, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parachute ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeployingaParachute ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Ripe :isTheOppositeOf :Unripe ; :ldoce "ripe" ; :wnsense "mature4adj", "ripe1adj" ; :wordnet "mature", "ripe" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Ripe is a QualitativeAttributeValue of fruit that has matured from it early unripe state - usually accompanied by an increase in sweetness, and/or a change of color. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'ripe' and sense 4 of adj 'mature' in WordNet; this is for fruit only, and not for wines: in WordNet: 1. (6) ripe, mature - (fully developed or matured and ready to be eaten or used; 'ripe peaches'; 'full-bodied mature wines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mature . :Ripening :en "ripening" ; :wnsense "ripen1v" ; :wordnet "ripen" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action performed by fruits or bare seeds of plants in which they become ready to grow into another plant. Includes intransitive and transitive verb senses 1 and 2 of 'ripen' and sense 2 of 'ripen' in WordNet: 1. (1) ripen, mature - (cause to ripen or develop fully; 'The sun ripens the fruit'; 'Age matures a good wine') 2. (1) ripen - (grow ripe; 'The plums ripen in July') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Maturing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ripe ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Plant :Fruit :PlantType :FruitType ) ] ] . :Ripple :wnsense "riffle1n", "ripple1n", "rippling1n", "wavelet1n" ; :wordnet "riffle", "ripple", "rippling", "wavelet" ; a :LiquidObjectType, :WaveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small wave on any liquid. Can it be on anything other than water? Perhaps on other planets with liquid methane? . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ripple' in WordNet: 1. (4) ripple, rippling, riffle, wavelet - (a small wave on the surface of a liquid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DynamicObject, :Wave-Liquid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Rising :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :IncreaseEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Decreasing ; :wnsense "rising1adj" ; :wordnet "rising" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rising'' is an attribute of QuantitativeAttributeValues or IntensiveAttributeValues whose .whose magnitude or intensity is becoming higher. For specifically quantitative (numerical) attributes, use the subtype ''Increasing''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rising' in WordNet: 1. (3) rising - (advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status; 'a rising trend'; 'a rising market') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RiskFree :isTheOppositeOf :Risky ; :wnsense "risk free1adj", "riskless1adj" ; :wordnet "risk free", "riskless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of situations or Actions that present *no* significant risk of loss or physical harm. For having little risk of bodily harm use 'Safe'. This differs subtly from ''Harmless'' in denoting things that might be expected to be risky, whereas ''Harmless'' can characterize things that one might expect to pose a risk. Little difference. For the attribute of objects that are not in danger of being lost or harmed, use 'Secure' Corresponds to sense 1 of 'risk free' in WordNet: 1. risk-free, riskless, unhazardous - (thought to be devoid of risk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmless, :Salient . :RiskTaker :wnsense "gambler2n", "risk taker1n" ; :wordnet "gambler", "risk taker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''RiskTaker'' is a Person who has performed or often performs a''RiskyAction''. The kind of 'risk' differs from the kind of 'risk' that an ''Adventurer'' undertakes, being more impetuous and less well considered or planned.. Such people are not classified as ''Adventurer''s, who tend to have some degree of rational purpose or planning in their risk-taking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'risk taker' in WordNet: 1. gambler, risk taker - (someone who risks loss or injury in the hope of gain or excitement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RiskyAction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Daring ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RiskingSomething :wnsense "risk1v" ; :wordnet "risk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Knowingly performing a RiskyAction, with the thing at risk being explicit in the meaning: 'he risked all his money' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'risk' in WordNet: 1. (8) risk, put on the line, lay on the line - (expose to a chance of loss or damage; 'We risked losing a lot of money in this venture'; 'Why risk your life?'; 'She laid her job on the line when she told the boss that he was wrong') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :RiskyAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRisked ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Risky :isTheOppositeOf :RiskFree ; :wnsense "risky1adj" ; :wordnet "risky" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of situations or Actions that involve some non-trivial risk of loss or physical harm. For risk of bodily harm use 'Dangerous'. A 'Risky' thing is not necesarily ''Undesirable'', as this includes rsk-taking actions such as investments where the anticipated gain exceeds anticipated losses (at least on average) Includes both senses of 'risky' in WordNet: 1. (1) hazardous, risky, wild - (involving risk or danger; 'skydiving is a hazardous sport'; 'extremely risky going out in the tide and fog'; 'a wild financial scheme') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient, :Unsafe . :RiskyAction :ldoce "chance", "risk" ; :wnsense "chance3n", "risk1n", "risk1v", "risk2n", "risk2v" ; :wordnet "chance", "risk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that involves some element of danger to person or property, taken by a Person who is *aware* of the possible loss (risk) involved.. A person may perform a RiskyAction without knowing that it is risky - therefore by itself this Action does not necessarily exhibit courage or foolhardiness. This is expressed linguistically as 'taking a chance' or 'taking a risk' or 'risking (something)'. The sense of risk involved in 'gambling' is represented by the subtype 'Gambling'. The sense of taking an action that puts something specific at riak is represented by 'RiskingSomething'. WN noun 'risk': This broad sense of a risky action includes noun sense 3 of 'chance' in WordNet and includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'risk' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'risk': in WordNet: 3. (5) chance - (a risk involving danger; 'you take a chance when you let her drive') 1. (5) hazard, jeopardy, peril, risk, endangerment - (a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune; 'drinking alcohol is a health hazard') 2. (2) risk, peril, danger - (a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury; 'he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime'; 'there was a danger he would do the wrong thing') 'you take a chance when you let her drive') WN verb 'risk': 1. (8) risk, put on the line, lay on the line - (expose to a chance of loss or damage; 'We risked losing a lot of money in this venture'; 'Why risk your life?'; 'She laid her job on the line when she told the boss that he was wrong') 2. (2) gamble, chance, risk, hazard, take chances, adventure, run a risk, take a chance - (take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; 'When you buy these stocks you are gambling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hazard, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :RiskySituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Risky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRisked ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :RiskySituation :ldoce "risk" ; :wnsense "danger2n", "peril3n", "risk2n" ; :wordnet "danger", "peril", "risk" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RiskySituation' is any Situation that is Risky, i.e. presents a significant possibility of losing something; this corresponds to one sense of 'risk'. The thing at risk may be of little importance; for risk of life or serious injury, use 'DangerousSituation'. NOTE: In any given situation,there may be multiple risks of various magnitudes. NOTE2: the parent ''Hazard'' might be viewed as a ''PersistentState'', the presence of something dangerous, but in COSMO the parent can be used to represent an object whose presence causes a ''RiskySituation'' Includes sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'risk' in WordNet: 2. (2) risk, peril, danger - (a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury; 'he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime'; 'there was a danger he would do the wrong thing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hazard, :UndesirableSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Risky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingSomething ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Rite :wnsense "rite1n", "ritual1n" ; :wordnet "rite", "ritual" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Ritual that is formal and includes more than one person, and is considered as having some solemn significance or importance. It is more formal and of greater social significance than a 'Ceremony' This corresponds to sense 1 of 'Rite' in the random House Webster: RHW: a formal or ceremonial act or procedure prescribed or customary in religious or other solemn use: rites of baptism; sacrificial rites. Individual rituals like bedtime prayers are not included, but a ''WeddingCeremony'', confirmation, or Bar Mitzvah would be. NOTE: a Rite is a SocialRitual in that it is typically performed by more than one person, whereas a Ritual may be performed by only one person, e.g. bedtime prayers. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'rite' in Wordnet: 1. (2) rite, religious rite - (an established ceremony prescribed by a religion; 'the rite of baptism') 2. (2) ritual, rite - (any customary observance or practice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialRitual . :RiteOfPassage a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RiteOfPassage' is any form of ''Ritual'' (a custom involving some specified actions) that is performed as a prelimiary to some change of status for a Person. this include ''Wedding''s and certain ''ReligiousRitual''s like ''Baptism'' or a ''BarMitzvah''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rite of passage' in WordNet: 1. rite of passage - (a ritual performed in some cultures at times when a individual changes his status (as from adolescence to adulthood)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ritual . :Ritual :guid "bd58de45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ritual1n" ; :wordnet "ritual" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CulturalActivity and #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$Ritual is a highly stylized or formalized action (or series of actions) performed by a person or group of persons. Instances of #$Ritual are usually performed with some solemnity. Notable specializations of #$Ritual include #$Ceremony, #$Funeral, and #$Parade. A ''Ritual'' is more established than a ''Custom'' and this type is therefore an instance of ''CeremonyType''. The entry ''Rite'' is reserved for ''Ritual''s that usually involve more than one person. NOTE: a Ritual differs from a SocialRitual in that a Ritual may be performed by only one person, e.g. bedtime prayers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ritual' in Wordnet: 1. (6) ritual, rite - (any customary observance or practice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Custom, :SocialOccurrence . :River :guid "bd590733-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "river" ; :wnsense "river1n" ; :wordnet "river" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Stream. Each instance of #$River is a natural stream of water, normally of a large volume. Instances of #$River include the #$ColoradoRiverOfArizona, the #$AmazonRiver, the #$YangtzeRiver, and the #$ThamesRiver. COSMO note: A River includes both the water in it and the river bed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'river' in WordNet: 1. (55) river - (a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek); 'the river was navigable for 50 miles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stream, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RiverBed ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :RiverAndSea :hasComponentElement :River, :Sea ; a :Group, :Pair . :RiverBank :ldoce "bank" ; :wnsense "bank2n", "riverbank1n", "riverside1n" ; :wordnet "bank", "riverbank", "riverside" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RiverBank'' is a ''Bank-Topographical'' that borders a Stream (not necessarily called a 'river'). Each Stream has two RiverBanks. NOTE that a RiverBank is not a 'Shore' because in COSMO a 'Shore' needs to be relatively flat, not steeply sloping; a RiverBank can be steeply sloping. @ToDo: perhaps a supertype of both is needed? Sense 3 of 'bank' from Random House Webster: 3. Physical Geog. the slope immediately bordering a stream course along which the water normally runs. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'riverbank' and part of Sense 2 of 'bank' from WordNet 2.1, not includinng bodies of water other than streams (for lakes and oceans, use 'Shore') in WordNet: WN 'riverbank': 1. (2) riverbank, riverside - (the bank of a river) WN noun 'bank': 2. (99) bank - (sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water); 'they pulled the canoe up on the bank'; 'he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bank-Topographical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Stream ] . :RiverBed :wnsense "river bottom1n", "riverbed1n" ; :wordnet "river bottom", "riverbed" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the thin layer of ground or artificial solid that underlies a Stream. In COSMO a Stream or other BodyOfWater includes the Stream or Lake bed, so this is part of the Stream. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'riverbed' in Wordnet: 1. riverbed, river bottom - (a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a river) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StreamBed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RiverCurrent ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :River ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RiverCurrent :ldoce "current" ; :wnsense "current2n" ; :wordnet "current" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionalProcess during which Water flows in a stream-like formation in a River. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StreamCurrent . :RiverDelta :en "river delta" ; :wnsense "delta1n" ; :wordnet "delta" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RiverDelta'' is the ''GeographicalObject'' that is characteristic of the region where a large ''River'' empties into a large body of water' forming multiple streams that fan out in the shape of the Greek letter capital 'delta'. The ground area of a ''RiverDelta'' is formedfor silt moved downstream by the River, thus requiring a River with substantial flow (at some time) to form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'delta' in WordNet: 1. (1) delta - (a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalObject, :PlanetarySurfaceObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silt ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SiltBed ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Triangular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :River ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :River ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByArtifact ] . :RiverOtter :guid "c0fd6b8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "river otter1n" ; :wordnet "river otter" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'river otter' in Wordnet: 1. river otter, Lutra canadensis - (sociable aquatic animal widely distributed along streams and lake borders in North America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mustelidae, :Otter . :RiverValley a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RiverValley'' is any ''Valley'' that has a dominant ''River'', not necessarily carved out by that river. Perhaps should be defined differently? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTopographicalFeature, :Valley, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :River ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deep ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rivet :guid "bd589fd6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rivet2n" ; :wordnet "rivet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A strong solid fastening rod with a flattish head on one end. It is put through a hole in the object(s) to be fastened, and the other end is flattened to form the connection. NOTE: this is for the steel rivets that connect steel beams or plates to each other. If other types of rivet are required they can be made as sister types. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rivet' in WordNet: 2. rivet - (heavy pin having a head at one end and the other end being hammered flat after being passed through holes in the pieces that are fastened together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :HandSizedObject, :Shaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoSteelBeams ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToConnect ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steel ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Riveting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ] . :Riveting :en "riveting" ; :eng "riveting" ; :guid "bd58f9ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rivet2v" ; :wordnet "rivet" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Connecting solid objects together with a rivet fastener. The connection is not easily undone, as it involves a deformation of the rivet itself. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'rivet' in WordNet: 2. rivet - (fasten with a rivet or rivets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening . :RoadIntersection :wnsense "carrefour1n", "crossing1n", "crossroad1n", "crossway1n", "intersection2n" ; :wordnet "carrefour", "crossing", "crossroad", "crossway", "intersection" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoadIntersection'' is a ''GenericIntersection''' in which the things that intersect are (at least two different) ''Roadway''s. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'intersection' in WordNet: 2. (2) intersection, crossroad, crossway, crossing, carrefour - (a junction where one street or road crosses another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericIntersection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Roadway ] . :RoadShoulder :wnsense "shoulder4n" ; :wordnet "shoulder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoadShoulder'' is the 'shoulder' of a Roadway that can be traversed by vehicles but is not intended to be used for through traffic, rather it may be inteded for parking or for emergency stops or just to provide a margin of safety so that vehicles that swerve from the lane adjacent to the edge of the road will not damege adjacent objects or be damaged. If a road has a 'RoadShoulder'', that is the part of the Roadway that is adjacent to the ''Roadside''. A 'RoadShoulder' may or may not be paved, and is part of the roadway and is adjacent to and not not part of the ''Roadside''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'shoulder' in WordNet: 4. shoulder, berm - (narrow edge of land (usually unpaved) along the side of a road) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :OutdoorObject, :PhysicalMargin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Roadway ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadside ; owl:onProperty :isAlongside ] . :RoadToll :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "toll1n" ; :wordnet "toll" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoadToll'' is a ''Fee'', an ''AttributeType'' each value of which is a quantity of Money that is an Attribute of the right to travel in a vehicle over some stretch of a road or over a bridge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toll' in WordNet: 1. (1) toll - (a fee levied for the use of roads or bridges (used for maintenance)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fee . :RoadTollPayment :en "road toll payment", "road toll payment amount" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoadTollPayment'' is a 'PaymentAmount' that is paid in any form: cash, credit card transaction, automatic withdrawal, check, or any other method translatable into some monetary amount, obligated by some ''UsingaTollRoad'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeePayment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :PayingaRoadToll ] . :RoadUnderpass :CYC "Underpass" ; :en "underpass", "underpass roadway" ; :enn "underpass" ; :guid "c0fbb51d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: every underpass is below some overpass. NOTE: this is for roadways under roadways; For the pedestrian tunnel that passes under a Roadway, use ''Underpass''. RHW sense includes both meanings: RHW: a passage running underneath, esp. a passage for pedestrians or vehicles, or both, crossing under a railroad, road, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathForWheeledVehicles . :RoadVehicle :wnsense "automotive vehicle1n", "motor vehicle1n" ; :wordnet "automotive vehicle", "motor vehicle" ; a :ContainerType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: A 'mountain bike' or a 'dune buggy' are still instances of 'RoadVehicle': though though can travel off-road. they can travel even better on a road. This is in contrast to tracked vehicles, which are not well-suited for road travel, and can damage roads. Cyc: A specialization of both #$LandTransportationDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$RoadVehicle is a self-powered vehicle designed primarily for travel on roads (although some instances may also have limited off-road capabilities). Notable specializations of #$RoadVehicle include #$Automobile, #$Truck, and #$Bus-RoadVehicle. Since #$RoadVehicle is a specialization of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, each instance of #$RoadVehicle is self-powered. Consequently, road transportation devices which are not self-powered (for example, all the instances of #$Bicycle) are not included in this collection. SUMO (SelfPoweredRoadVehicle): the class of RoadVehicles that are also PoweredVehicles. SelfPoweredRoadVehicle covers motorcycles, semi-trailers, RVs, etc., as well as Automobiles. This class includes vehicles powered by electricity, gasoline, diesel, and other fuels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'motor vehicle' in WordNet: 1. motor vehicle, automotive vehicle - (a self-propelled wheeled vehicle that does not run on rails) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTransportationVehicle . :RoadVehicleDriver :ldoce "driver" ; :wnsense "driver1n" ; :wordnet "driver" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoadVehicleDriver'' is a ''Driver'' who is driving a ''RoadVehicle'' at any specific time - someone 'on the road' in a car. NOTE: in WN a ''Driver'' is the same as this type, but 'Driver'' in COSMO is used to label someone who steers any kind of vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'driver' in WordNet: 1. (19) driver - (the operator of a motor vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Driver, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :RoadVehicleHatchbackDoor :en "hatch door", "hatchback", "hatchback door" ; :guid "c1006fc3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hatchback door1n", "hatchback2n" ; :wordnet "hatchback", "hatchback door" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all road vehicle hatch-back coverings. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'hatchback' in WordNet: 2. hatchback, hatchback door - (a sloping rear car door that is lifted to open) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarDoor, :MechanicalAutoPart, :RearPartOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hatchback ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :RoadVehicleSideDoor :en "side door", "vehicle side door" ; :enn "side door", "vehicle side door" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoadVehicleSideDoor'' is a ''Door'' that is on the side of a ''RoadVehicle'' and is used for by passengers to enter and exit. (the door of a car) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarDoor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Roadside :guid "c0fbb7e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "roadside1n", "wayside1n" ; :wordnet "roadside", "wayside" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long and thin region that is along and #$adjacentTo the side of the road. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roadside' in WordNet: 1. (2) wayside, roadside - (edge of a way or road or path; 'flowers along the wayside') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :OutdoorObject, :Place-NonAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :isAlongside ] . :Roadway :ldoce "road" ; :wnsense "road1n", "roadway1n" ; :wordnet "road", "roadway" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type can be used to represent a complete Roadway (some street in a City, or interstate highway) from beginning to end, or merely some part of a Roadway, such as a CurveInaRoad. Railroads are not included. This type is also ambiguous between a complete public right-of-way, including sidewalks, or only the portion of ground prepared for vehicles to travel on. For that distinction see 'Street' and 'Street-RoadwayOnly'. NOTE that we classify as a ''FlatObject'' although over extended ranges it can go up and down hills. It is locally 'flat'. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$PathForWheeledVehicles. Each instance of #$Roadway is a path artifact designed to accomodate road vehicles (see the collection #$RoadVehicle) such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles. Specializations of #$Roadway include #$Street-Generic and #$Highway. SUMO: Roadway is the subclass of LandTransitways that are areas intended for surface travel by self-powered, wheeled vehicles, excluding those that travel on tracks. Roadways have been at least minimally improved to enable the passage of vehicles. Roadways include dirt and gravelled roads, paved streets, and expressways. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'road' in WordNet (it is unclear whether the WordNet sense includes footpaths for people or animals not traversable by vehicles, which are not included in this type) and includes sense 1 of 'roadway':: in WordNet: 1. (95) road, route - - (an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation) WN 'roadway': 1. (11) roadway - - (a road (especially that part of a road) over which vehicles travel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :InfrastructureProduct, :PathForWheeledVehicles, :PlanetarySurfaceObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrivingaRoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VehicularTraffic ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :RoadwayPavement :wnsense "pavement1n", "paving2n" ; :wordnet "pavement", "paving" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The paving on top of a''PavedRoadway''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pavement' and sense 2 of 'paving' in WordNet: 1. (2) pavement, paving - (the paved surface of a thoroughfare) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PavedSurface, :PublicProperty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PavedRoadway ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PavedRoadway ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ] . :Roasted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Roasting ; :wnsense "roast1adj", "roasted1adj" ; :wordnet "roast", "roasted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'roasted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) roast, roasted - ((meat) cooked by dry heat in an oven) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :RoastedFoodObject :en "roasted food" ; :wnsense "joint4n", "roast1n" ; :wordnet "joint", "roast" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roast' in WordNet: 1. roast, joint - (a piece of meat roasted or for roasting and of a size for slicing into more than one portion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFoodObject, :MeatObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roasted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roasting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Roasting :wnsense "roast1v" ; :wordnet "roast" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Roasting'' is Cooking a piece of ''Meat'' in an Oven. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'roast' in WordNet: 1. (4) roast - (cook with dry heat, usually in an oven; 'roast the turkey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoastedFoodObject ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oven ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ] . :Robber :wnsense "robber1n" ; :wordnet "robber" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robber' in WordNet: 1. (5) robber - (a thief who steals from someone by threatening violence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thief, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Robbery ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Robbery :en "robbing" ; :wnsense "rob1v", "robbery1n" ; :wordnet "rob", "robbery" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Robbery'' differs from ''Burglary'' in that the thief directly confronts the person and takes something valuable by threat of force. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robbery' in Wordnet: 1. (3) robbery - (larceny by threat of violence) WN verb 'rob': 1. (5) rob - (take something away by force or without the consent of the owner; 'The burglars robbed him of all his money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compelling, :Stealing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Threatening ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Robber ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bandit ; owl:onProperty :mayBePerformedByAgent ] . :Robe :wnsense "robe1n" ; :wordnet "robe" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Robe'' is a loose and comfortable usually long but light coat-like outer Garment used while indoors, in lieu of more formal outdoor clothing. @ToDo: The formal ceremonial 'robe'??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robe' in Wordnet: 1. (3) robe - (any loose flowing garment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterGarment . :Robin :wnsense "Turdus migratorius1n", "robin1n", "robin2n" ; :wordnet "Turdus migratorius", "robin" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes both senses of 'robin' in WordNet: 1. robin, redbreast, robin redbreast, Old World robin, Erithacus rubecola - (small Old World songbird with a reddish breast) 2. robin, American robin, Turdus migratorius - (large American thrush having a rust-red breast and abdomen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :RoboCall :en "robocall" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TelephoneCall' consisting of a calling automaton calling a telephone and playing a recorded message to another party. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TelephoneCall . :Robot :wnsense "automaton2n", "robot1n" ; :wordnet "automaton", "robot" ; a :IntelligentAgentType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Robot an intelligent artifact that has a solid body that can perform physical actions. It may be autonomous, or an Automaton. Robots may be stationary or mobile. Stationary robots are,for example, those used in manufacturing, which remain fixed to one location while its arms move and perform useful actions. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'robot' in WordNet (see parent type ''Automaton'' to include non-physical objects: in WordNet: 1. automaton, robot, golem - (a mechanism that can move automatically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automaton, :MechanicalDevice . :Robotic :en "robotic" ; :enadj "robotic" ; :pertainsTo :Robot, :Robotics ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Robotic'' is a term that pertains to ''Robot''s and ''Robotics'', and to the kind Actions that are performed by ''Robot''s. The term 'robotic' is also used informally to mean 'automatic, without thinking'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Robotics :wnsense "robotics1n" ; :wordnet "robotics" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robotics' in WordNet: 1. robotics - (the area of AI concerned with the practical use of robots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialIntelligence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Robot ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Robust :wnsense "robust1adj" ; :wordnet "robust" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'robust' in WordNet: 1. (1) robust - (physically strong) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Strong . :Rock :wnsense "rock1n", "stone1n" ; :wordnet "rock", "stone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rock'' is a ''StoneObject-Natural'' that is larger than a ''Pebble'', but otherwise can be of any size (e.g. the Rock of Gibraltar). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rock' in WordNet: 1. (14) rock, stone - (a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter; 'he threw a rock at me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StoneObject-Natural, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pebble ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ] . :RockMusic :guid "be1059ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rock" ; :wnsense "rock and roll1n", "rock music1n", "rock-and-roll1n", "rock6n" ; :wordnet "rock", "rock and roll", "rock music", "rock-and-roll" ; a :EventType, :GenreType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Music. A very broad category of popular music that began in the mid-1950s and continues up to the present day (1999), and that encompasses a variety of submovements and styles. Essentially a youth-oriented music. #$RockMusic is usually played on electrically-amplified instruments (esp. the electric guitar), often in a loud and aggressive manner. The lyrics of#$RockMusic songs (in addition to the common popular music themes of romantic love, sexual desire, and loneliness) often express rebellion and independence. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'rock' and sense 1 of 'rock music' in WordNet: 6. rock 'n' roll, rock'n'roll, rock-and-roll, rock and roll, rock, rock music - - (a genre of popular music originating in the 1950s; a blend of Black rhythm-and-blues with White country-and-western; 'rock is a generic term for the range of styles that evolved out of rock'n'roll.') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PopularMusic . :RockMusicGroup :wnsense "rock band1n", "rock group1n" ; :wordnet "rock band", "rock group" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RockMusicGroup' is a MusicGroup that mostly plays 'RockMusic'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rock group' in WordNet: 1. rock group, rock band - (a band of musicians who play rock'n'roll music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicGroup . :RockOrSnowSlide :wnsense "slide2n" ; :wordnet "slide" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RockOrSnowSlide'' is a 'Descending' of some portion of the Ground or of snow covering the ground, down the side of a hill. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slide' in WordNet: 2. (1) slide - ((geology) the descent of a large mass of earth or rocks or snow etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Descending, :Phenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HillOrMountain ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :RockRift :wnsense "rift2n" ; :wordnet "rift" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rift' in WordNet: 2. rift - (a narrow fissure in rock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crevice . :RockStar :wnsense "rock star1n" ; :wordnet "rock star" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RockStar'' is a ''ProfessionalSinger'' whose performances of RockMusic'' is very popular. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rock star' in WordNet: 1. rock star - (a famous singer of rock music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FamousHuman, :ProfessionalSinger, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SingingRockMusic ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Rocker :wnsense "rocker7n" ; :wordnet "rocker" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rocker'' is a curved ''Rod'' that is a part of a ''FurniturePiece'' used as a lower support member,often attached by vertical suprt members (as in a ''RockingChair'', that is horizontally aligned in the gravitational field, and touching the floor or ground. It is designed to enable easy ''Rocking'' of the ''FurniturePiece''. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'rocker' in Wordnet: 7. rocker - (a curved support that permits the supported object to rock to and fro) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rod, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FurniturePiece ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FurniturePiece ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArcShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RockingMotion ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RockingSomething ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Rocket :guid "c10c2830-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rocket1n" ; :wordnet "rocket" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any device propelled by an engine (''RocketEngine'') that creates thrust by propelling high velocity gases in the direction opposite of the desired motion. CYC: 'RocketPropelledTransportationDevice': The collection of all #$TransportationDevices propelled by rocket engines which includes earth-to-orbit and moon-to-orbit devices, aircraft, weapons and some unusual instances of automobiles. Rocket engines are self-contained in that they do not need oxygen from the atmosphere to burn fuel and therefore are the only engines capable of space travel. #$Weapons which are commonly called rockets are here defined as #$Missiles that are also RocketPropelledVehicles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rocket' in WordNet: 1. (2) rocket, projectile - (any vehicle self-propelled by a rocket engine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirTransportationDevice, :SelfPoweredDevice, :TransportationDevice-Vehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RocketEngine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :RocketEngine :guid "c0940470-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rocket engine1n" ; :wordnet "rocket engine" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Engines used to propel #$RocketPropelledVehicles, of which they are generally a part. Rocket engines are driven by reaction propulsion. Corresponds to psrt (this is not a complete 'rocket') of noun sense 1 of 'rocket engine' in WordNet: 1. rocket, rocket engine - (a jet engine containing its own propellant and driven by reaction propulsion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Engine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rocket ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ] . :RocketLauncher :wnsense "launcher1n", "rocket launcher1n" ; :wordnet "launcher", "rocket launcher" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rocket launcher' in WordNet: 1. launcher, rocket launcher - (armament in the form of a device capable of launching a rocket) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryWeapon . :RocketPropelledTransportationDevice :en "rocket powered transportation device" ; :enn "rocket powered transportation device" ; :guid "c10c2830-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$TransportationDevices propelled by rocket engines which includes earth-to-orbit and moon-to-orbit devices, aircraft, weapons and some unusual instances of automobiles. Rocket engines are self-contained in that they do not need oxygen from the atmosphere to burn fuel and therefore are the only engines capable of space travel. #$Weapons which are commonly called rockets are here defined as #$Missiles that are also RocketPropelledVehicles.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelfPoweredDevice, :TransportationDevice . :RockingChair :en "rocking-chair" ; :guid "bd58836b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rocker4n", "rocking chair1n" ; :wordnet "rocker", "rocking chair" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Chair'' that has supporting ''Rocker''s and can be easily rocked back and forth around some horizontal axis of rotation. CYC: A type of a chair which is mounted on rockers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rocking chair' in Wordnet: 1. rocking chair, rocker - (a chair mounted on rockers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rocker ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :RockingMotion :CYC "Rocking" ; :en "rocking" ; :eng "rocking" ; :guid "bd58c4ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rock" ; :wnsense "rock1v" ; :wordnet "rock" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RockingMotion' is an Event in which a PhysicalObject (or some part of a PhysicalObject) moves in an approximately rotating motion back and forth around an axis, This includes swaying motions as well as racking as in a rocking chair or a baby's rocker, or of a ship 'rolling' around the front-back axis. Although there may be some part of a rocking object that can be said to undergo a 'ShakingMotion', it is the motion of the object as a whole that determines if it is to be classified as 'rocking' CYC 'Rocking': Repetitive tipping back and forth (or side to side) along a (normally vertical) plane with a somewhat regular rhythm. The motion is constrained by the surface of the object being rocked. Each unidirectional rock is equivalent to a time slice of a #$SurfaceConstrainedRotation event. The motion of a #$RockingChair, rocking horse, or a #$Watercraft being rocked by the waves are examples of #$Rocking. For rocking on a solid surface there is no #$Slipping betwen the rocking object and the surface. The somewhat similar motion in a #$Chair-PieceOfFurniture whose seat pivots on an #$IntrinsicAxisOfObject, but whose legs remain firmly on the supporting surface is technically not #$Rocking, but #$Swinging (about the pivot). #$Rocking is normally limited in angular extent by the shape of the object. The limit being exceeded will normally cause #$TippingOver or a #$CapsizingEvent, not #$SurfaceConstrainedRotation. This is the Event solely from the moving object's perspective; the act of causing something to rock is 'RockingSomething'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rock' in WordNet: 1. (6) rock, sway, shake - (move back and forth or sideways; 'the ship was rocking'; 'the tall building swayed'; 'She rocked back and forth on her feet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :MotionInPlace, :ReversingRotation . :RockingSomething :ldoce "rock" ; :wnsense "rock2v" ; :wordnet "rock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RockingSomething' is an Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject to undergo a RockingMotion, around some axis. NOTE that the transitive and intransitive senses have different parent types. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'rock' in WordNet: 2. rock, sway - (cause to move back and forth; 'rock the cradle'; 'rock the baby'; 'the wind swayed the trees gently') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RockingMotion ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Rocky :isAnAttributeValueOf :Soil ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart :Rock ; :wnsense "rocky1adj", "stony1adj" ; :wordnet "rocky", "stony" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of the top layer of the ground (''Soil'') that has a significantly larger than typical number of ''Rock''s on top or mixed in. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rocky' in WordNet: 1. (3) rocky, bouldery, bouldered, stony - (abounding in rocks or stones; 'rocky fields'; 'stony ground'; 'bouldery beaches') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RockyMountains :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :MountainRange . :Rod :ldoce "rod" ; :wnsense "rod2n" ; :wordnet "rod" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :BarOrWireType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any rigid solid cylinder that is much longer than it is wide, cylindrical in shape, usually made from wood or metal or plastic, or glass, and no wider than a tree trunk (a fuzzy criterion), but may be as narrow as a ''Spoke''' as long as it is sufficiently rigid to serve as a ''SupportingObject''. Rods include the subtypes ''Pole'' and ''Shaft'' and ''Stick''. This will include some objects not normally called a 'rod'. Thick concrete or stone columns are not 'rods' but flagpoles are, and the thick supporting pole of a large tent also is; the poles used in a pole vault are instances. The mast of a sailing ship is a borderline included instance of 'Rod' (actually an instance of the subtype 'Pole') even though it may be as thick as a small tree trunk. The crossSectional shape of a ''Circle''is only approximate,as some bars have flat potions in the cross-section. A ''Rod'' is usually straight, but it can be somewhat curved, as in a bicycle Handlebar. NOTE: since substances in COSMO are classes (types) there is no simple way to encode the constituent substance restriction in COSMO-OWL. @ToDoFOL. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'rod' - it can be of any rigid material, with some flexibility. in WordNet: 2. (1) rod - (a long thin implement made of metal or wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoardOrRod, :CylindricalObject, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circle ; owl:onProperty :hasCrossSectionalShape ] . :Rodent :guid "bd5908f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gnawer1n", "gnawing animal1n", "rodent1n" ; :wordnet "gnawer", "gnawing animal", "rodent" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: The Class of Mammals with one or two pairs of incisors for gnawing. Includes rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rodent' in WordNet: 1. rodent, gnawer, gnawing animal - (relatively small gnawing animals having a single pair of constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, :PlacentalMammal . :Rodeo :guid "bd58b68d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rodeo1n" ; :wordnet "rodeo" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rodeo' in WordNet: 1. (2) rodeo - (an exhibition of cowboy skills) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayOfSkill, :EntertainmentPerformance, :SportsCompetition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cowboy ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lassoing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Roe :wnsense "hard roe1n", "roe1n" ; :wordnet "hard roe", "roe" ; a :RoleType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A moist grainy solid substance consisting of Many ''FishEgg''s. Roe of certain Fish are eaten as ''Caviar''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roe' in WordNet: 1. roe, hard roe - (fish eggs or egg-filled ovary; having a grainy texture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fish ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishEgg ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Moist ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RogerPrice :hasMassInGrams "70000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isKnowledgeableAbout :Drawing-Depicting ; :isTheCreatorOf :ImForMeFirst, :PriceDroodleBook123 ; a :Person, :ProfessionalArtist ; rdfs:comment """Roger Price (March 6, 1918 - October 31, 1990) was an American humorist, author and publisher, who created Droodles in the 1950s, followed by his collaborations with Leonard Stern on the Mad Libs series. Price and Stern, who met when they were writers on the Tonight show, became partners with Larry Sloan in the publishing firm Price Stern Sloan. Price actually created the abstract drawing, and this particular physical copy was 'created' by a publisher, but for physical copies of creative works, the author should be listed as the 'creator'. """ . :Rogue :wnsense "knave1n", "rapscallion1n", "rascal1n", "rogue1n", "scalawag2n", "scallywag2n", "varlet1n" ; :wordnet "knave", "rapscallion", "rascal", "rogue", "scalawag", "scallywag", "varlet" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Rogue'' is ''Unreliable'' though not necessarily deceitful. A ''Rogue'' cannot be relied on to do what s/he is supposed to or obliged to or wanted to do. 'She went rogue and ignored instructions.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rogue' in WordNet: 1. (1) rogue, knave, rascal, rapscallion, scalawag, scallywag, varlet - (a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadGuy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roguish ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RogueAnimal :en "rogue" ; :enn "rogue" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RogueAnimal'' is a ''NonHumanAnimal'' who does not gather with others of its type (who usually do congegate together), or performs Actions uncharacteristic of its type. This is treated here as a metaphorical use of the term 'rogue'. No WN sense for this concept: RHW sense of noun 'rogue': 4. a rogue elephant or other animal of similar disposition. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentInRole, :NonHumanAnimal . :RogueElephant :wnsense "rogue elephant1n" ; :wordnet "rogue elephant" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RogueElephant'' is an Elephant who is a ''RogueAnimal'', a term commonly applied to one that wanders off by itself rather than staying together with the herd that it belongs to by genetic relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rogue elephant' in WordNet: 1. rogue elephant - (a wild and vicious elephant separated from the herd) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elephant, :RogueAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Savage ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Roguish :en "rogue" ; :enadj "rogue" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Reliable ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Roguish'' is the Attribute of a Person being like a ''Rogue'' in being ''Unreliable'' and not adhering to expected behavior for the position or responsiility the Person holds. Now WN adj sense for 'rogue': In RHW 'rogue': 11. no longer obedient, belonging, or accepted and hence not controllable or answerable; deviating, renegade: a rogue cop; a rogue union local. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deceitful, :Unreliable . :Role :BFO "Role" ; :en "role" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Role is a high-level concept that aggregates several primitive notions, and is difficult to describe analytically, but has a necessary property that, as a subtype of TemporalThing, every instance has a beginning time and an ending time. There are several distinguishable types or Roles. A Role may be acquired at Birth ('native of country x') and last forever For Roles that are created by an Event and last forever, (The Father of PrinceWilliam), the ending time can be TheEndOfTime. The ''Winner'' of a contest is always the Winner. The 'first wife' of Mr. X always is. Some Roles are essentially identical to that of participant (agent, object, location) in some Event - specified by a Event slot. Some persistent Roles are filed at different times by different persons: PresidentOfTheUnitedStates, Pope. More problematic are Roles that express on and off activities: Occupation Student Performer NOTE that this 'Role' differs from the CYC treatment of roles, which usually uses ternary predicates to relate the role-filling or role-playing to a specific situation. The time restrictions in CYC will be addressed by the time restrictions on the situation. In COSMO, since ternary predicates are not explicitly used, the time restrictions have to be added to the instance of 'Role' which is a TemporalThing. In COSMO each 'Role' is an instance of ''RoleType'' and each such instance is attached to some Entity for some interval of Time. That Role can be created (attached to some entity) as a result of some Event and that asignment of a Role can be (partly) represented by using the relation 'hadObjectCreated' pointing to the Role. As of Rev1351 this tactic will allow only one Role to be assigned by any given Event. @ToDo: Needs work. NOTE also that there are significant differences in subtypes of 'Role'. 'Part' is a subtype of Role in which assertions about the instance of role filler carry implications that the same assertion is true of the instance of 'Role' in that time frame - that Roles and their fillers merge as one individual in that time frame. This is also true of HumanRoles such as 'Student', 'teacher'. This convention is adopted to keep COSMO usage as close as possible to linguistic usage. But for 'PretendingRole', such as acting roles, it is not always true that what is asserted about the role player will be true about the role. An instance of a 'Role' in COSMO is to be interpreted as 'an entity that serves in this Role during a specific time period', and therefore there is no restriction on a subtype relation between Roles and entities that have 'rigid' identities; an instance of 'Student' is an instance of Person that serves in the Role of 'Student', in some time interval. Every instance of a Role class will be an instance only in some TimeInterval, but that TimeInterval may be the whole lifetime of the instance, e.g. a Person will be the 'Child' of its parents as long as it lives, though being a Child is a Role. In cases where there can be only one filler for a 'Role' subclass, that subclass is still a class, *not* formally an individual. One may think of such a 'Role' class as a single 4D worm through space-time, but it is still formally a COSMO class. The instances, then would be TimeSlices of that single 4D worm. To reiterate, every defined 'role' in COSMO is actually a class which is a subtype of the most generic 'Role', and is an instance of the metaclass 'RoleType'. In COSMO every defined 'Role' is a subclass of the most generic class 'Role' One may prefer to view a single 4D 'Role' worm through space-time as an individual (as in the 'Child' example); it can still be considered as a COSMO class, but with only one entity that serves as role filler at any time or in any TimeSlice. In another treatment in which such 4D worms are individuals, this single-filler Role might be considered an 'individual', but that is not the COSMO approach. In COSMO, every instance of a Role is a TimeSlice of some 4D worm that is a *subclass* of some 'Role' class. To explain further, consider the Role class of 'Student'. There may be many 4D worms through space-time that serve as subtypes of the general role 'Student'. If one instantiates the role 'Student' and associates it with a particular role filler (which would be a Person), that instance would in fact be a TimeSlice of both the individual Person and of the 'individual' 4D worm though space-time that intersects with that Person in some time interval. Thus in COSMO any *instance* of a Role is in fact a TimeSlice of that Role (if it is an individual 4D worm) or of some subclass of that Role (if it has more than one 4D worm member). This usage is not yet (rev981) fully axiomatized in COSMO, as COSMO is still in OWL format. Instances of a Role class that should be specified as to the TimeInterval in which that instance exists; there is as of rev981 no restriction on this generic 'Role' class requiring this, because we may have abstract entities that fill some roles, and because there are different Role subtypes using different filler relations. When one creates a Role subclass that is also a subclass of a PhysicalObject, then there should be a restriction requiring that every instance of that class have its TimeInterval (starting and ending times) specified. See, for example, 'HumanRole'. @ToDo: Certain type of Roles (such as Part) may relate abstract entities that are not located in time, and should not be subtypes of TemporalThing. A differentiation of time-dependent and time-independent Roles should be added. The notion of Role is related to the more general notion of a semantic relation, and in some knowledge representations the relations are called 'roles'. In COSMO there is s difference, as a Role is a type, though every Role may in fact imply the existence of some semantic relation that relates the role to another entity with respect to which it plays a role. The details of how to relate these notions is left to a later stage of development of the ontology. For case roles in a specific Event, the Role lasts no longer than the duration of the Event (but may last for less than that time, for participants who participate only for part of an Event). The most common use of 'Role' is for concepts that exist in dependence on other concepts, such as 'Mother', which implies a child, or 'President' which implies some organization. But grammatical roles such as the cases of verb case frames will also fit under this broad category. When a phrase such as 'The ?X of ?Y' is encountered, almost invariably the ?X is a Role of some kind, which also includes parts. In COSMO 'Role' is broad enough to include Events; for example, 'Choice' is a Role, and some Events may fill the Role of 'Choice' - those things a Person chooses to do. NOTE importantly: that HumanRole is a subtype of this category, and also a subtype of Person, so Person and Role are not disjoint. This allows HumanRoles (janitor, President) to serve in the same relations that people themselves would serve, but they are also recognizable as Roles because they will be subtypes of the Role category. The mathematical and logical 'equals' can be used to equate a unique Role with its filler, but only if the time interval during which that relation holds is specified. In that case, the Role and its filler can be used interchangeably, but only in the base 'all-knowing' context. NOTE that Roles may not be 'transparent' in referential contexts asserting beliefs or possible worlds. A person who does not know the filler of a Role may express opinions about the Role, which are inconsistent with their opinions about the filler of the Role. For example, a man who loves his wife may assert that he hates the murderer of a friend, not knowing that his wife is the murderer of his friend. If the Role and role filler were asserted to be mathematically identical in all contexts, this would entail a contradiction, assuming that love and hate are disjoint for this example. An individual assertion by a Person needs to be treated as a part of a belief system. NOTE also that when used as a pure OWL ontology, it will be necessary for every subclass of Role should to be an instance of RoleType, so that it can be used as an argument for **most of** the relations ponting to roles. However the relation 'isServingInTheRoleOf' can point to *objects that are not formal ''Role''s,but whose *function* is being mimicked by another Object in some specific Action. For Roles that are merged with other Types, such as HumanRoles, each should have its own explicit relation indicating when the role-filler started in that role and when (it/he/she) ended. If it is possible to fill a Role for multiple non-continguous periods of time, then the begin and end time of each continuous segment of 'Role' will define individual instances of that Role. NOTE also that the use of 'Role' in the COSMO is still being developed (as of rev981), and may need bridging axioms to translate this formalism into the notation of somem other ontologies. NOTE also that there are various types of 'Roles' and the subtype 'DramaticRole' differs form others in that the relation 'playsTheRoleOf' is used rather than 'fillsTheRoleOf'. See those relations for further discussion. BFO 'role': Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant [snap:Continuant] in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant [snap:Continuant] in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO: Examples: the role of a person as a surgeon, the role of a chemical compound in an experiment, the role of a patient relative as defined by a hospital administrative form, the role of a woman as a legal mother in the context of system of laws, the role of a biological grandfather as legal guardian in the context of a system of laws, the role of ingested matter in digestion, the role of a student in a university No Wordnet synset seems to have the same primary meaning. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealizableEntity, :TemporalThing, owl:Thing . :RoleCreatedByEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """RoleCreatedByEvent a Role that arises due to the participation of an Object in an Event, and persists after the Event is ended. An example is the Role of Creator of some conceptual work, a Role that arises because the Creator was an agent in a Creation event. A RoleCreatedByEvent may be permanent (such as BirthMother or Creator) or temporary (such as Employee). See the subtypes TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent and PermanentRoleCreatedByEvent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoleInAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :RoleFunctions :FIBO "role" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'RoleFunctions' is a Group of Actions some of which agents may perform in order to perform in some some 'Role'. COSMO note: this is not included in COSMO, but may be useful when related to 'Role's skos-definition: 'A role is a set of connected behaviours, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms as conceptualised by actors in the context of some situation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group . :RoleInAnEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A RoleInAnEvent is a Role that an Object takes from the fact that it a participant of a particular type in an Event. *If* that Role is generated by the Event **and continues** after the Event (such as the 'BirthMother' role due to a BirthEvent), that Role will be a subtype of the specialization 'RoleCreatedByEvent'. The role type that an entity plays in an Event may be determined by the intentions of agents acting in that Event. See, e.g. 'Target'. NOTE that in COSMO most roles in events are represented by relations, including 'hasParticipant' and its subrelations. Most of those relations are *not* (as of rev803) also represented as reified Roles.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CaseRole . :RoleInaContext a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoleInaContext'' is a Role that has relations that specify: 1. The name (label) for the Role: ''fillsTheRoleOf'' RoleType 2. In what context the Role holds (situation, action,etc) ''inContext'' any #Thing 3.what individual fills that Role ''hasRoleFiller'' Object, Substance """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :inContext ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :fillsTheRoleOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :RoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasRoleFiller ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :RoleList a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A RoleList is a List all of whose elements are Roles." ; rdfs:subClassOf :List . :RoleModel :wnsense "role model1n" ; :wordnet "role model" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In WordNet a 'role model' is a subtype of 'leader', but in COSMO a ''Leader'' is more formal, representing a person who actually has direct control over a group of people. Here, a ''RoleModel'' is someone who influences other people by their good example. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'role model' in Wordnet: 1. model, role model - (someone worthy of imitation; 'every child needs a role model') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfluentialPerson . :RoleSituation :en "role situation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of RoleSituation is an Event in which some entity filled some Role (''filledTheSubjectRoleIn'') for some TimeInterval. A RoleSituation has only one role-filler. @ToDo: This restriction has not yet (v0.39) been formalized. As an ''Event'', each RoleSituation inherits a starting and an ending time point.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRoleFiller ; owl:someValuesFrom :Role ] . :RoleType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """RoleType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of Role as their argument. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemporalThingType . :Roll :ldoce "roll" ; :wnsense "bun1n", "roll7n" ; :wordnet "bun", "roll" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Roll' is a SolidFoodObject consisting of baked bread, in a size that can be easily handled by a person - usually from half a pound to several pounds, and being of rounded form; it can be near-spherical in shape, or near-cyclindrical, or any rounded shape in between those. It differs from a LoafOfBread in being somewhat firmer, on the surface and sometimes in the center, and typically used in one or two pieces, rather than being sliced.. Corresponds to noun sense 55b of 'roll' in RHW: 55. Cookery. a small cake of bread, originally and still often rolled or doubled on itself before baking. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'roll' in WordNet: 7. bun, roll - - (small rounded bread either plain or sweet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreadObject, :HandSizedObject, :SmallObject . :RollAndSpool a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CylindricalObject'' consisting of a ''LongSheet'' coiled around a ''Spool''. The ''RollOfStuff'' can be of any type of material - paper, cloth, waxed paper, aluminum foil, etc. The type of substance on the ''RollOfStuff'' will be specified by representing specific subtypes of ''RollOfStuff'' such as ''RollOfAluminumFoil''. The LongSheet substance should be specified, but the Spool may be left generic. To specify the ''LongSheet'' substance, a RollOfStuff consisting of such a substance should be an instance of ''RollType''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :LongSheet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :RollType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spool ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :RollOfAbsorbentPaper a :ArtifactObjectType, :RollType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RollOfAbsorbentPaper'' is a cylindrical ''RollOfStuff'' consisting of some kind of Absorbent paper such as that in a roll of paper towels or a ''RollOfToiletPaper''. This may or may not be wrapped around a ''Spool''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RollOfStuff, :SheetOfPaper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbsorbentPaper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :RollOfStuff a :ArtifactObjectType, :RollType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CylindricalObject'' is an ''ArtifactObject'' consisting of an elongated ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' coiled around itself or around a ''Spool''; it may or may not have a ''Spool'' in the center that it is wound around. This type represents the sheet itself - the ''Spool'' if any would be included in a ''RollAndSpool''. This can be of any type of material - paper, cloth, waxed paper, aluminum foil, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :LongSheet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :RollOfToiletPaper a :ArtifactObjectType, :RollType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RollOfAbsorbentPaper'' is a cylindrical ''RollOfStuff'' consisting of some kind of Absorbent paper such as that in a roll of paper towels or a ''RollOfToiletPaper''. This is just the roll of paper - a ''ToiletPaperRoll'' includes the ''Spool''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerforatedPaperObject, :RollOfAbsorbentPaper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ToiletPaper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :RollOfWallPaper :wnsense "bolt5n" ; :wordnet "bolt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RollOfWallPaper'' is a ''WallPaperSheet'' (i.e. a pieceof wallpaper) that is still on the roll as it comes from the manufacturer. Corresponds to part ('wallpaper') of noun sense 5 of 'bolt' in WordNet: 5. bolt - (a roll of cloth or wallpaper of a definite length) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WallPaperSheet . :RollType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """RollType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of ''RollOfStuff'' and an argument restriction for the relations on chemical elements. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :Roller :wnsense "roller4n" ; :wordnet "roller" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Roller'' is a ''Cylinder'' that is conneced at its ends to some device or devices that permit the ''Roller'' to be used to spread out some Malleable solid object into a flatter form, usually into a ''SheetOfSomeStuff''. This type includes the large rollers in steel or other metal processing plants that make sheets of metal, or as small as a ''RollingPin'' used for spreading dough into flat sheets for use in making baked food objects. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'roller' in WordNet: 4. roller - (a cylinder that revolves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Cylinder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RollingOutSomething ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :RollerBearing :wnsense "roller bearing1n" ; :wordnet "roller bearing" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RollerBearing'' is a spherical ''BearingObject''. NOTE: WN includes 'roller bearing' in its 'ball bearing' synset. COSMO breaks that synset in two parts Corresponds to part (for cylindrical bearings) of noun sense 1 of 'ball bearing' in WordNet: 1. ball bearing, needle bearing, roller bearing - (bearings containing small metal balls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BearingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :RollerCoaster :wnsense "big dipper2n", "chute-the-chute1n", "roller coaster2n" ; :wordnet "big dipper", "chute-the-chute", "roller coaster" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RollerCoaster''is an ''ElevatedRailway'' that is typically located in an AmusementPark, going in a looped path from a high point, curving horizontally and up and down to the lowest point where passegers get on and off. The acceleration and free-fall feelngs in the hilly line provide an unusual and thrilling (or frightening) experience for the riders. The ride itself is not powered other than for the initial lift to the highest point, from where the ride starts and continues exclusively under the forces of gravity and momentum. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'roller coaster' in WordNet: 2. roller coaster, big dipper, chute-the-chute - (elevated railway in an amusement park (usually with sharp curves and steep inclines)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmusementParkRide, :ElevatedRailway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Elevated ] . :RollerSkate :wnsense "roller skate1n" ; :wordnet "roller skate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RollerSkate'' is the common type of ''Skate' having four supporting 'rollers' arranged in two lines (at the corners of a rectangle) attached to a shoe that allow the wearer to glide along a flat surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roller skate' in WordNet: 1. (1) roller skate - (a shoe with pairs of rollers fixed to the sole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RollerSkating ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "4" ; owl:hasValue :RollerWheel ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :RollerSkating :wnsense "roller skate1v" ; :wordnet "roller skate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RollerSkating'' is a ''Skating'' on ''RollerSkate''s, an Action in which the wearer, in a vertical posture, glides over some flat supporting surface by alternately putting the left and right feet forward while pushing the surface with the other foot. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'roller skate' in WordNet: 1. roller skate - (travel on shoes with steel or rubber rollers attached to their soles; \"In some fashionable restaurants, the waiters roller skate around\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RollerSkate ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :RollerWheel :en "roller wheel" ; :enn "roller wheel" ; :wnsense "roller3n" ; :wordnet "roller" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RollerWheel'' is a small ''SupportingWheel'' without spokes used to support PhysicalObjects and enable them to glide smoothly over a flat supporting surface, by rolling in contact with the surface as the supported object moves. As with other types of ''SupportingWheel'' a ''RollerWheel'' will usuallt be attached to an axle in its center, but some ''RollerWheel''s may be used in groups arranged in a circle like BallBearings arond a larger wheel. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'roller' in WordNet: 3. roller - (a small wheel without spokes (as on a roller skate)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingWheel . :Rollerblade :wnsense "Rollerblade1n" ; :wordnet "Rollerblade" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Rollerblade' in WordNet: 1. Rollerblade - ((trademark) an in-line skate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InLineSkate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rollerblading ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Rollerblading :en "in-line skating" ; :eng "Rollerblading" ; :wnsense "Rollerblade1v" ; :wordnet "Rollerblade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rollerblading'' is a ''Skating'' on ''InLineSkate''s, an Action similar to ''RollerSkating'' in which the wearer, in a vertical posture, glides over some flat supporting surface by alternately putting the left and right feet forward while pushing the surface with the other foot. NOTE: ''Rollerblading'' in WN seems to include using any 'InLineSkate'' not just a ''Rollerblade''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'Rollerblade' in WordNet: 1. Rollerblade - (travel on shoes with a single line of rubber wheels attached to their soles; 'you'd better wear a helmet and knee protectors when you Rollerblade!'; 'The muscular actor loves to Rollerblade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InLineSkate ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :Rolling :en "rolling" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :RollingEvent, :Rotation ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rolling'' is a subattribute of ''Rotating'' that characterizes things performing a ''RollingEvent'' on a surface, as with a rolling ball or a rolling log, whether they are moving due to a thrust, as a bowling ball, or under gravity,as a rock rolling downhill. No WN sense: RHW adj 'rolling' sense 2: 2. moving by revolving or turning over and over. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rotating . :RollingAnObject :en "rolling something" ; :ldoce "roll" ; :wnsense "roll14v" ; :wordnet "roll" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RollingAnObject' is an Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject to undergo a 'RollingEvent', along some surface. The impulse required to cause the RollingEvent may be continuous, intermitting, or momentary. This corresponds to the transitive sense of 'roll'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 14 of 'roll' in WordNet; the 'rolling' of eyes is not an instance, since this type requires a true translation of some object along a surface, such as a ball down an inclined plane or a bowling ball thrown during a game. A vehicle moving on wheels is not itself rolling, but the wheels are, and the impulse from the motor makes a wheeled vehicle motion an instance of this type. in WordNet: 14. roll, revolve - (cause to move by turning over or in a circular manner of as if on an axis; 'She rolled the ball'; 'They rolled their eyes at his words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RollingEvent ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :RollingEvent :en "rolling" ; :guid "bd58c528-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "roll" ; :wnsense "roll1v" ; :wordnet "roll" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RollingEvent' is both a 'Rotation' and a 'TranslationAlongASurface', in which the plane of the circle(s) formed by the Rotation of the Object is parallel to the direction of the translation. This is the intransitive sense of the action of the object that is moving. For the transitive sense of causing a rolling motion, use 'RollingAnObject' In Cyc called 'RollingOnASurface': Cyc A process of moving along a surface in which the #$objectMoving rotates while it translates. For example, what a car's tires do when the car is being driven. Points on the #$objectMoving become flush with (see #$flushSurfaces) the #$motionPathway-Complete for a brief period (depending on speed, diameter, surface rolled on, deformability of roller, and pressure) and then move perpendicularly away as the object moves along. The #$objectMoving in a #$RollingOnASurface moves along the surface without #$Sliding-Generic Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'roll' in WordNet: WN verb 'roll' 1. (22) roll, turn over - (move by turning over or rotating; 'The child rolled down the hill'; 'turn over on your left side') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion-SolidAgainstSolid, :Movement-TranslationProcess, :Rotation, :TranslationAlongASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :RollingOutSomething :wnsense "roll out1v" ; :wordnet "roll out" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RollingOutSomething'' is a ''FlatteningSomething'' that uses a cylindrical ''roller'' to flatten and spread some MalleableObject to make a ''SheetOfSomeStuff''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roll out' in WordNet: 1. (1) roll out, roll - (flatten or spread with a roller; 'roll out the paper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatteningSomething, :SpreadingASubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :MalleableObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfSomeStuff ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :RollingPin :guid "bd58a049-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rolling pin1n" ; :wordnet "rolling pin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A rolling pin used for flattening dough, clay etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rolling pin' in WordNet: 1. rolling pin - (utensil consisting of a cylinder (usually of wood) with a handle at each end; used to roll out dough) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KitchenUtensil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylinder ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :RomaineLettucePlant :wnsense "Lactuca sativa longifolia1n", "cos lettuce1n", "romaine lettuce2n" ; :wordnet "Lactuca sativa longifolia", "cos lettuce", "romaine lettuce" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of LettucePlant.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'romaine lettuce' in WordNet: 1. cos lettuce, romaine lettuce, Lactuca sativa longifolia - (lettuce with long dark-green spoon-shaped leaves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LettucePlant . :Roman :pertainsTo :Rome_Italy ; :wnsense "Roman1adj" ; :wordnet "Roman" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Roman'' pertains to the city of ''Rome_Italy'' or to the 'RomanEmpire' or to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire or to artifacts or practices or other things repreentative of Rome and its people. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'Roman' in WordNet: 1. (2) Roman - (relating to or characteristic of people of Rome; 'Roman virtues'; 'his Roman bearing in adversity'; 'a Roman nose') 2. (2) Roman, Romanic - (of or relating to or derived from Rome (especially ancient Rome); 'Roman architecture'; 'the old Roman wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RomanCatholic :pertainsTo :RomanCatholicChurch ; :wnsense "Roman Catholic1adj", "Roman4adj", "Romanist1adj", "papist1adj", "papistic1adj", "papistical1adj", "popish1adj", "romish1adj" ; :wordnet "Roman", "Roman Catholic", "Romanist", "papist", "papistic", "papistical", "popish", "romish" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Roman Catholic' in Wordnet: 1. Roman, R.C., Romanist, romish, Roman Catholic, popish, papist, papistic, papistical - (of or relating to or supporting Romanism; \"the Roman Catholic Church\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RomanCatholicChurch :wnsense "Church of Rome1n", "Roman Catholic Church1n", "Roman Church1n", "Western Church1n" ; :wordnet "Church of Rome", "Roman Catholic Church", "Roman Church", "Western Church" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The''RomanCatholicChurch'' is a ''CatholicChurch'' that recognizes the Pope of Rome as having the supreme teaching authority over all ''CatholicPerson''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Roman Catholic Church' in WordNet: 1. (7) Roman Catholic, Western Church, Roman Catholic Church, Church of Rome, Roman Church - (the Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CatholicChurch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RomanCatholic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RomanEmpire :wnsense "Roman Empire1n" ; :wordnet "Roman Empire" ; a :Country, :Empire ; rdfs:comment """The ''RomanEmpire'' is an ''Empire'' that was ruled by Rome from about 27 BC to 1453 AD, covering various regions at different times. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Roman Empire' in WordNet: 1. Roman Empire - (an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the eastern or Byzantine Empire; at its peak lands in Europe and Africa and Asia were ruled by ancient Rome) """ . :RomanMan :en "Roman man" ; :enn "Roman man" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RomanMan'' is a male ''RomanPerson'', who was an inhabitant of the Ancient ''RomanEmpire''. They are typically visualized as wearing ''Toga''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man, :RomanPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RomanEmpire ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :RomanPerson :guid "bf9d7f9b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Roman2n" ; :wordnet "Roman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RomanPerson'' is an inhabitant of the Ancient RomanEmpire. CY 'AncientRomanPerson': This is the collection of people who are #$citizens of the #$RomanEmpire, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Roman' in WordNet: 2. Roman - (an inhabitant of the ancient Roman Empire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeadPerson, :HistoricTemporalThing, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RomanEmpire ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Romance :wnsense "love affair1n", "romance1n" ; :wordnet "love affair", "romance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Romance'' is a subtype of ''CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent'' that is a series of Actions and Feelings extending over more than two days, involving two humans (usually but not necessarily of opposite sex), and including feelings of ''Love'' on the part of both participants.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Romance' in WordNet: 1. (4) love affair, romance - (a relationship between two lovers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, :GoodThing, :TwoAgentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Love ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Romania :wnsense "Romania1n" ; :wordnet "Romania" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Romania' in WordNet: 1. Romania, Roumania, Rumania -- (a Balkan republic in southeastern Europe) """ . :Romanian :wasCreatedBy :RomanianSpeakers ; a :NaturalLanguage . :RomanianSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Romantic :wnsense "amatory1adj", "amorous2adj", "romantic2adj" ; :wordnet "amatory", "amorous", "romantic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Romantic' is an AttributeValue of things (Actions, attributes,objects) that are characteristic of or conducive to ''Romance''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'romantic' in WordNet: 2. (2) amatory, amorous, romantic - (expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance; 'her amatory affairs'; 'amorous glances'; 'a romantic adventure'; 'a romantic moonlight ride') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :pertainsTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Romance :LoveStory ) ] ] . :RomeInhabitants :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople ; rdfs:comment "Anyone in the city of ''Rome_Italy'' at a particular time." . :RomeRegion :isSpatiallyDisjointWith :DublinIreland, :LondonArea ; :isaSpatialPartOf :ItalyArea ; a :CityRegion ; rdfs:comment """The physical area of The city of Rome in Italy This object includes the space containing everything in the city (at any given time), including the people.""" . :Rome_Italy :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :RomeRegion ; :hasAuthorityOver :RomeInhabitants ; a :City . :Romping :en "playful frolic" ; :wnsense "caper5n", "cavort1v", "disport2v", "escapade2n", "frisk1v", "frolic1n", "frolic1v", "gambol1n", "gambol1v", "lark about1v", "lark1v", "lark4n", "play14n", "rollick1v", "romp1v", "romp3n", "run around1v", "skylark1v", "sport2v" ; :wordnet "caper", "cavort", "disport", "escapade", "frisk", "frolic", "gambol", "lark", "lark about", "play", "rollick", "romp", "run around", "skylark", "sport" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Playing that involves some kind of physical bodily movement, including the things that young children do together for amusement.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'romp' in WordNet: 1. (2) frolic, lark, rollick, skylark, disport, sport, cavort, gambol, frisk, romp, run around, lark about - (play boisterously; 'The children frolicked in the garden'; 'the gamboling lambs in the meadows'; 'The toddlers romped in the playroom') WN noun 'romp': 3. play, frolic, romp, gambol, caper - (gay or light-hearted recreational activity for diversion or amusement; 'it was all done in play'; 'their frolic in the surf threatened to become ugly') WN noun 'lark': 4. escapade, lark - (any carefree episode) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayfulFrolic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amusement-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Roof :ldoce "roof" ; :wnsense "roof1n" ; :wordnet "roof" ; a :CoverableObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, :SurfaceObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The top part of a structure, above all other parts, that shelters the interior from rain and other natural phenomena. NOTE that the 'roof' of ''LandTransportationVehicle''s such as the roof of a car or van or train car is also included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roof' in WordNet: 1. (34) roof - (a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PartOfAnHSC, :ProtectiveSystem, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SolidObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HumanShelterConstruction :LandTransportationVehicle :ConstructionArtifact :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :RoofFlashing :wnsense "flashing2n" ; :wordnet "flashing" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for a piece of SheetOfMetal fixed in place on a Roof, so it is part of the Roof. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'flashing' in WordNet: 2. flashing - (sheet metal shaped and attached to a roof for strength and weatherproofing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfMetal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roof ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RoofTop :wnsense "rooftop1n" ; :wordnet "rooftop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rooftop' in WordNet: 1. (2) rooftop - (the top of a (usually flat) roof) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TopSide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Building ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Building ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Roofer :guid "bd589e81-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "roofer1n" ; :wordnet "roofer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A person who repairs or builds roofs. NOTE: WN has this as a subtype of ''Artisan'. Perhaps ''Artisan'' should be more restricted?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roofer' in WordNet: 1. (1) roofer - (a craftsman who lays or repairs roofs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artisan, :TradeWorker . :RoofingaStructure :CYC "Roofing" ; :guid "c100879c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "roof1n" ; :wordnet "roof" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Building or repairing roofs (cf. #$RoofOfAConstruction). This includes adding a new roof, or replacing any part of a Roof. NOTE this includes both 'adding' and 'replacing' roofs. If needed, a 'reroofing' subtype could be defined. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'roof' in WordNet: 1. (1) roof - (provide a building with a roof; cover a building with a roof) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Constructing, :OutdoorActivity . :Rook-ChessPiece :wnsense "rook1n" ; :wordnet "rook" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any game piece created explicitly to serve as a chess rook (castle). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rook' in WordNet: 1. castle, rook - ((chess) the piece that can move any number of unoccupied squares in a direction parallel to the sides of the chessboard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChessPiece . :Rookie :wnsense "cub1n", "greenhorn1n", "rookie1n" ; :wordnet "cub", "greenhorn", "rookie" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rookie'' is a ''Newbie'' who is in herorhis first year in some activity, often a sport. This is not for people completely inexperienced, as a 'novice' would be, rather it is for someone who is just starting a position with some team or at some institution. And not 'awkward'. A 'cub' reporter would be an example. Closer to RHW sense 1 of 'rookie', not just for sports: 1. an athlete playing his or her first season as a member of a professional sports team: The rookie replaced the injured regular at first base. This only approximately orresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rookie' in WordNet: 1. (8) cub, greenhorn, rookie - (an awkward and inexperienced youth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Newbie . :Room :CYC "RoomInAConstruction\"" ; :guid "bd589fb2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "room" ; :wnsense "room1n" ; :wordnet "room" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: #$RoomInAConstruction is a specialization of #$SpaceInAFixedHOC and #$CavityWithWalls. Each instance of #$RoomInAConstruction is a room found in a #$ConstructionArtifact. SUMO: (Room) A properPart of a Building which is separated from the exterior of the Building and/or other Rooms of the Building by walls. Some Rooms may have a specific purpose, e.g. sleeping, bathing, cooking, entertainment, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'room' in WordNet: 1. (527) room - (an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling; 'the rooms were very small but they had a nice view') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chamber, :PartOfBuilding, :SpaceInAFixedHOC, :TopAndBottomSidedObject . :RoomPartition :wnsense "partition1n" ; :wordnet "partition" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoomPartition'' is a Wall-like structure that divides one part of what could be a larger room from another part: to be a ''RoomPartition'' it must be removable, i.e. cannnot be a load-bearing wall. Thus it may appear to be part of the structure like a typical ''Wall'', or may be obviously a easily movable or foldable large wall-like temporary object, such as the partitions for rooms in large meeting rooms in hotels or conference venues. This is an interior *vertical* wall-like part of a structure, including both the inside-facing and the outside-facing parts of the vertical structure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'partition' in Wordnet: 1. (2) partition, divider - (a vertical structure that divides or separates (as a wall divides one room from another)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PartOfAnHSC, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :PartitionStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Room ] . :RoomRadiator :wnsense "radiator2n" ; :wordnet "radiator" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Uses pipes circulating steam or hot water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'radiator' in WordNet: 2. radiator - (heater consisting of a series of pipes for circulating steam or hot water to heat rooms or buildings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :Radiator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pipe ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :WaterSubstanceType ] . :Roommate :wnsense "roomie1n", "roommate1n", "roomy1n" ; :wordnet "roomie", "roommate", "roomy" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''Roommate''' is a Person who lives together with someone (usually specified by context) in the same ''Room'' or other small living quarters. One who has a separate bedroom in the same apartment is not a ''Roommate''. One who shares a bedroom in some living quarters is a Roommate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'roommate' in WordNet: 1. roommate, roomie, roomy - (an associate who shares a room with you) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friend, :PartyInRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loving ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharingaBedroom ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Roomy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Building, :Room ; :wnsense "roomy1adj", "spacious2adj" ; :wordnet "roomy", "spacious" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Roomy'' characterizes the space in some Room or buildng that is larger than the average, and has more than enough floor area for most activities performed in such spaces. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'roomy' in Wordnet: 1. roomy, spacious - ((of buildings and rooms) having ample space; 'a roomy but sparsely furnished apartment'; 'a spacious ballroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Large . :Rooster :wnsense "rooster1n" ; :wordnet "rooster" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The adult female of the domestic Chicken. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rooster' in Wordnet: 1. (3) cock, rooster - (adult male chicken) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chicken, :Cock ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Chicken :AdultAnimal :MaleAnimal ) ] . :Roosting :wnsense "alight1v", "perch1v", "perch2v", "roost1v" ; :wordnet "alight", "perch", "roost" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'roost' is just the act of a ''Bird'' that settles down somewhere (usually on a branch) after flying. The settling may be quite temporary, and not necessarily in a nest, and could be on the ground. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'roost' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'perch' in WordNet: 1. (1) perch, roost, rest - (sit, as on a branch; 'The birds perched high in the tree') WN verb 'perch': 2. alight, light, perch - (to come to rest, settle; 'Misfortune lighted upon him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perching, :SettlingInaPosition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdFlight ; owl:onProperty :finishes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Root :guid "bd58f97b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "root" ; :wnsense "root1n" ; :wordnet "root" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subterranean parts of plants. Roots provide support and obtain water and mineral nutrients from the surrounding soil. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'root' in WordNet: 1. (11) root - ((botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ] . :RootVegetable a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Food'' prepared from the root or tuber of some plant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'root vegetable' in WordNet: 1. root vegetable - (any of various fleshy edible underground roots or tubers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Root ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Rootless :wnsense "rootless1adj", "vagabond1adj" ; :wordnet "rootless", "vagabond" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rootless'' is the attribute of a Person with no permanent residence, and who wanders outside of one locality. Corresponds to the literal part of adjective sense 1 of 'rootless' in Wordnet: 1. rootless, vagabond - (wandering aimlessly without ties to a place or community; 'led a vagabond life'; 'a rootless wanderer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Homeless . :RopeOrCable a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RopeOrCable'' is a ''CordlikeObject'' that is thicker than a string and has sufficient strength (is ''Tough'') that is can be used in applications that put heavy force on the ''RopeOrCable''. It may be natural (the vines in jungles?) but is usually synthetic, made of multiple strands of fibrous material of of metal. The subtype made of fibrous material and *not* of metal is a ''PieceofRope''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BraidedObject, :CordlikeObject, :HomogeneousSolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tough ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rose :ldoce "rose" ; a :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The blossom of a RoseBush, with or without part of the stem, as in a cut flower. there is no WordNet sense for this flower as distinct from the bush. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoseBush ; owl:onProperty :isTheFlowerOfa ] . :RoseBush :guid "bd589af0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rose" ; :wnsense "rose1n", "rosebush1n" ; :wordnet "rose", "rosebush" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bush on which Roses bloom. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rose' in WordNet: 1. (5) rose, rosebush - (any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :FloweringPlant . :RoseColor :guid "c93b5eae-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "rose" ; :wnsense "rose1adj", "rose3n" ; :wordnet "rose" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of a variety of hues having some red, plus some gray. Lighter shades are close to Pink. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rose' and adjective sense 1 of 'rose' in WordNet: WN 'rose' noun 3. rose, rosiness - (a dusty pink color) WN 'rose' adjective: 1. (1) rose, roseate, rosaceous - (of something having a dusty purplish pink color; 'the roseate glow of dawn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pink . :Rosemary :isDerivedFrom :RosemaryPlant ; :wnsense "rosemary2n" ; :wordnet "rosemary" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ rosemaryCorresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rosemary' in WordNet: 2. rosemary - (extremely pungent leaves used fresh or dried as seasoning for especially meats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbSeasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RosemaryPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :RosemaryPlant :wnsense "Rosmarinus officinalis1n", "rosemary1n" ; :wordnet "Rosmarinus officinalis", "rosemary" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rosemary' in WordNet: 1. rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis - (widely cultivated for its fragrant grey-green leaves used in cooking and in perfumery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :RoshHashana :wnsense "Jewish New Year1n", "Rosh Hashana1n", "Rosh Hashanah1n", "Rosh Hashona1n", "Rosh Hashonah1n" ; :wordnet "Jewish New Year", "Rosh Hashana", "Rosh Hashanah", "Rosh Hashona", "Rosh Hashonah" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: may be one day or two: RHW 'Rosh Hashana': a Jewish high holy day that marks the beginning of the Jewish New Year, celebrated on the first and second days of Tishri by Orthodox and Conservative Jews and only on the first day by Reform Jews. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Rosh Hashana' in WordNet: 1. Rosh Hashanah, Rosh Hashana, Rosh Hashonah, Rosh Hashona, Jewish New Year - ((Judaism) a solemn Jewish feast day celebrated on the 1st or 1st and 2nd of Tishri; noted for the blowing of the shofar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JewishHoliday . :Rosy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ExhibitingOptimism ; :wnsense "rose-colored1adj", "rosy1adj" ; :wordnet "rose-colored", "rosy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'He saw a rosy future ahead' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rosy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) rose-colored, rosy - (reflecting optimism; 'a rosy future'; 'looked at the world through rose-colored glasses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Rosy-Cheeked :isAnAttributeValueOf :Face, :Person ; :wnsense "flushed1adj", "rose-cheeked1adj", "rosy-cheeked1adj", "rosy2adj" ; :wordnet "flushed", "rose-cheeked", "rosy", "rosy-cheeked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rosy-cheeked' in Wordnet: 1. flushed, rose-cheeked, rosy, rosy-cheeked - (having the pinkish flush of health) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RotaryWingAircraft a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AirTransportationVehicle. Each instance of #$RotaryWingAircraft is a heavier-than-air vehicle which is supported in the air by blades rotating about an axis. A notable specialization of #$RotaryWingAircraft is #$Helicopter.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aircraft, :HexalateralObject ; owl:disjointWith :FixedWingAircraft . :RotatableComponent a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MechanicalComponent'' that is designed to function by rotating in a ''MultirevolutionRotation'' (often but not necessarily ''Spinning''). Wheels, shafts, many various devices that work at least in part by rotating around an axis. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultirevolutionRotation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultirevolutionRotation ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultirevolutionRotation ; owl:onProperty :wasTheMainParticipantIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotating ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Rotating :en "rotating" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Rotation ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MotionAttribute' that specifies that the object is undergoing a process that results in a Rotation event, i.e. it is undergoing a Rotation process. For the Event of an Object undergoing a Rotation, use 'Rotation'. @ToDo: this type includes the transitive sense of 'causing to rotate'; this can be separated. Corresponds to the gerundive form attribute derived from verb sense 1 of 'rotate',and sense 1 of 'rotation' and verb sense 8 of 'turn' in WordNet: 1. (8) revolve, go around, rotate - (turn on or around an axis or a center; 'The Earth revolves around the Sun'; 'The lamb roast rotates on a spit over the fire') WN noun 'rotation': 1. (3) rotation, rotary motion - (the act of rotating as if on an axis; 'the rotation of the dancer kept time with the music') WN verb 'turn': 8. (27) turn - (move around an axis or a center; 'The wheels are turning') WN noun 'turn': 7. (1) twist, turn - (turning or twisting around (in place); 'with a quick twist of his head he surveyed the room') WN noun 'twist': 4. (1) spin, twirl, twist, twisting, whirl - (the act of rotating rapidly; 'he gave the crank a spin'; 'it broke off after much twisting') 'with a quick twist of his head he surveyed the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InMotion . :RotatingObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is rotating continuously or in an oscillating manner..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotation ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CenterOfRotation ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CenterOfRotation ; owl:onProperty :movesAround ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotating ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RotatingSomething :wnsense "circumvolve1v", "rotate3v" ; :wordnet "circumvolve", "rotate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RotatingSomething'' is An Action in which an agent causes some Object to 'rotate' (changing its orientation). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'rotate' in WordNet: 3. (1) rotate, circumvolve - (cause to turn on an axis or center; 'Rotate the handle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :RotatingaShaft :en "cause a shaft to rotate", "causing a shaft to rotate", "rotate a shaft", "rotating a shaft" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each '''RotatingaShaft'' is a ''CausingAnotherObjectsRotation'' in which the Object rotated is a ''Shaft'' of some kind, such as the ''Crankshaft'' of an InternalCombustionEngine. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsRotation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shaft ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crank ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ] . :Rotation :eng "turning" ; :guid "bd58cb0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "move", "spin", "turn", "twist" ; :wnsense "gyration1n", "motion3n", "move3n", "movement1n", "revolution3n", "rotate1v", "rotation1n", "rotation3n", "spin1v", "spin2n", "turn6v", "turn7n", "twist4n" ; :wordnet "gyration", "motion", "move", "movement", "revolution", "rotate", "rotation", "spin", "turn", "twist" ; a :CapabilityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is broader than the CYC concept, in that it includes any movement around a center of rotation whether that center is the center of mass or not - so that a pendulum swinging is a subtype, and thus this type is not necessarily a ''MotionInPlace'' CYC: A Rotation is a movement event in which a PhysicalObject moves in such a way that, in the frame of reference in which the center of mass of the object is stationary, the track of points on the surface of the object form circles whose center is on a line (the axis of rotation) that passes through the object. For long thin objects such as a ''Shaft'' the ''Rotation'' along the long axis may not cause any perceptible motion of the cylindrical surface of the shaft, though it will in fact be rotating. An instance of 'Rotation' does not necessarily include a full rotation, but can be rotation through less than 360 degrees of angle. (See 'Swinging') For repeated full rotation use the subtype 'Spinning'. An object can be moving in a translational manner as well as rotating, but whether it is rotating is evaluated relative to the center of gravity of the object, ignoring its translational motion. @db1283 ToDO: how to reference ''CenterOfRotation'' directly? a 'movesAround' for events as well as Objects? RotatingOnAnAxis? In CYC called 'Movement-Rotation' CYC: A specialization of #$MovementEvent. In each instance of #$Movement-Rotation the most salient moving object (see #$primaryObjectMoving) rotates (see #$objectRotating). That is, the object rotates about an axis (see #$axisOfRotation) that spatially intersects it (or goes through a hole in it). Examples include the daily rotation of the Earth on its axis and the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened end. A non-example is the orbiting of the Earth around the sun, as the axis of the orbit does not spatially intersect the Earth. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rotate' and noun sense 1 of 'rotation' and verb sense 8 of 'turn' and noun sense 7 of 'turn' and noun sense 4 of 'twist' and noun sense 2 of 'spin' and verb sense 1 of 'spin' in WordNet. The noun sense 3 of 'motion' in WN also seems to include this sense, though the WN sense is broader, including any movement of a part that is not shared by the whole: in WordNet: WN verb 'rotate' 1. (8) revolve, go around, rotate - (turn on or around an axis or a center; 'The Earth revolves around the Sun'; 'The lamb roast rotates on a spit over the fire') WN noun 'rotation': 1. (3) rotation, rotary motion - - (the act of rotating as if on an axis; 'the rotation of the dancer kept time with the music') WN verb 'turn': 8. (27) turn - (move around an axis or a center; 'The wheels are turning') WN noun 'turn': 7. (1) twist, turn - (turning or twisting around (in place); 'with a quick twist of his head he surveyed the room') WN noun 'twist': 4. (1) spin, twirl, twist, twisting, whirl - (the act of rotating rapidly; 'he gave the crank a spin'; 'it broke off after much twisting') WN verb 'spin': 1. (12) spin, spin around, whirl, reel, gyrate - (revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis; 'The dervishes whirl around and around without getting dizzy') WN noun 'move': 3. (6) motion, movement, move, motility - (a change of position that does not entail a change of location; 'the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise'; 'movement is a sign of life'; 'an impatient move of his hand'; 'gastrointestinal motility') WN noun 'rotation' (part, for rotating in place): 3. rotation, revolution, gyration - (a single complete turn (axial or orbital); 'the plane made three rotations before it crashed'; 'the revolution of the earth about the sun takes one year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirection, :Motion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :RotatingObject ] . :Rotation-Periodic :guid "bf9bb920-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Movement-Rotation and #$Movement-Periodic. Each instance of #$Rotation-Periodic is a series of partial or full rotations occurring periodically. Examples of #$Rotation-Periodic include the swinging of a clock pendulum and the rotation of the Earth on its axis.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-Periodic, :Rotation . :RotationallySymmetric :en "rotationally symmetric" ; :enadj "rotationally symmetric" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RotationallySymmetric'' is the attribute of an 'Object' (abstract or physical) for which there is straight line (the ''AxisOfRotation'') through the center of the Object around which the object can be rotated by some angle less than 180 degrees once or more times without changing the appearance of the Object. NOTE: when applied to ''PhysicalObject''s the appearance may not be precisely identical, as when it is used to refer to 'Starfish'' or ''Tire''s From Wikipedia 'rotational symmetry': Rotational symmetry of order n, also called n-fold rotational symmetry, or discrete rotational symmetry of the nth order, with respect to a particular point (in 2D) or axis (in 3D) means that rotation by an angle of 360 deg/n (180 deg, 120 deg, 90 deg, 72 deg, 60 deg, 51 ?3/7 deg, etc.) does not change the object For objects that can be reflected about a plane of symmetry while preserving shape, the attribute ''BilaterallySymmetric'' would apply. For something that has an ''AxisOfRotation'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Symmetric . :RoteLearning :wnsense "rote learning1n", "rote1n" ; :wordnet "rote", "rote learning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RoteLearning'' is a subtype of 'Memorizing' in which an intelligent agent learns some facts by memorizing, without trying to learn more than just what is memorized i.e.with no curiosity or creativity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rote learning' in WordNet: 1. rote, rote learning - (memorization by repetition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Memorizing . :Rototiller :en "rototiller" ; :enn "rototiller" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rototiller'' is a ''SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice'' with a motor that is used to break the top layer of Soil into a granular consistency, usually for planting but it could be for other purposes. It has a long handle requiring (for most people) two hands to properly manage. RHW: a motorized device having spinning blades perpendicular to the ground and arranged like spokes, used for tilling soil """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FuelPoweredDevice, :SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rototilling ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Rototilling :en "rototill" ; :eng "rototilling" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rototilling'' is a ''TillingSoil'' using a 'rototiller'. Not represented in WN. RHW: 1. to break up (soil) with a rototiller. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TillingSoil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rototiller ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :Rotten :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Decomposing ; :wnsense "rotten2adj" ; :wordnet "rotten" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rotten'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of something that has experienced a ''Decomposing'' Event. It may or may not be malodorous (''Stinky''). See ''RottenEgg'' for an example of use. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rotten' in Wordnet: 2. rotten - (having or disintegrated; usually implies foulness; 'dead and rotten in his grave') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decayed . :RottenEgg a :GaseousSubstanceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RottenEgg'' is a HensEgg that has become rotten and putrid, and gives off the odor of ''HydrogenSulfide''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HensEgg, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HydrogenSulfide ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOdorOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotten ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rouge :en "blush" ; :enn "blush" ; :guid "bd58a761-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blusher2n", "paint3n", "rouge1n" ; :wordnet "blusher", "paint", "rouge" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A cosmetic for coloring the cheeks red. This is the substance ''Rouge'', not an object containing ''Rouge'' In RHW a 'blusher' is \" similar to Rouge \"; what's the difference? RHW 'blush': 9. blusher (def. 2). RHW 'blusher': 2. Also called blush, blush-on. a cosmetic similar to rouge, used to add color to the cheeks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rouge' in WordNet: 1. rouge, paint, blusher - (makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Makeup . :Rough :isTheOppositeOf :Smooth ; :ldoce "rough" ; :wnsense "rough1adj" ; :wordnet "rough" ; a :TextureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Rough' is an AttributeValue of a surface that is not smooth, i.e. has multiple perceptible irregularities. This corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rough' in WordNet: 1. (13) rough, unsmooth - (having or caused by an irregular surface; 'trees with rough bark'; 'rough ground'; 'rough skin'; 'rough blankets'; 'his unsmooth face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uneven . :RoughSurface a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoughSurface'' is a hard ''SurfaceOnTangibleObject'' that has a ''Rough''texture """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Layer, :SurfaceOnTangibleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rough ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Round :ldoce "round" ; :wnsense "round1adj" ; :wordnet "round" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a round object, of two or more dimensions. A Round object should have a surface that is closed and concave, and should have no distinctive angles; if it has any angles at all, they should not form a significant factor in categorizing the shape (they may be in parts of the overall shape that are small relative to the whole) As of v0.49 this is only vaguely specified, mostly by the substypes 'circular', 'elliptical'. An Object can be Round in one plane, and elongaged in a different dimension, such as a Cylinder, but in that case it is the cross-section that is Round, not the whole object. Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'round' in WordNet, but a Round thing can vary significantly from circularity. 1. (13) round, circular - (having a circular shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute ; owl:disjointWith :Angular . :RoundObject :guid "c1005f91-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$GeometricallyDescribableThing and #$ShapedThing. Each instance of #$RoundObject is a two- or three-dimensional object with a round shape. Specializations of #$RoundObject include #$Circle, #$Ellipse, #$Sphere and #$RingShapedObject. Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the equator, as well as abstract shapes. COSMO NOTE: This is an approximate concept. We included mostly rounded objects with some edges, such as lenses and other disks-shaped objects in this category. For 'diameter' relations, the largest diameter would be what is specified. A RoundObject will in general have no acute angles that are prominent or necessary: a lens that has sharp edges is still a RoundObject because the sharp edges occupy a very small part of the lens, and are not essential to its properties. NOTE that being Convex does not imply that one is also Round - Convex objects can have sharp edges.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :ShapedThing, :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Round ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RoundOfaCompetition :en "round" ; :enn "round" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoundOfaCompetition'' is one stage of an ''EliminationCompetition'' in which one or more ''Competition''s are conducted, with the winners of each competition 'advancing' to the next stage to compete in the next ''RoundOfaCompetition'' until the final round is reached and a final winner is decided. There is no sense of 'round' in WN corresponding to this concept. RHW noun 'round': 25. a completed course or spell of activity, commonly one of a series, in some play or sport: the second round of a tournament. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :Competition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Competition ] . :RoundShape :wnsense "round shape1n" ; :wordnet "round shape" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoundShape'' is a three-dimensional shape for which at least one cross-section has a two-dimensional shape that is roundish, escpecially oval or circular. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'round shape' in WordNet: round shape - (a shape that is curved and without sharp angles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shape . :RoundTrip :wnsense "round trip1n" ; :wordnet "round trip" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoundTrip'' is an intentional ''Travel-TripEvent'' in which the ''#traveller'' goes somewhere other than the ''StartingPlace'' and ends the trip at the same location it started. This can be less than one day or an extended journey. NOTE that 'hasIntermediatePlace' specifies the place to and from which the RoundTrip is taken. How to spewcify this is not yet (rev1431) clear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'round trip' in WordNet: 1. round trip - (a trip to some place and back again) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cycle, :GoingSomewhere, :HumanActivity, :PassingThroughSomething, :PurposefulAction, :Travel-TripEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :StartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntermediatePlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :RoundTripDestination ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadOriginalAndRecoveredState ; owl:someValuesFrom :StartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalReturn ] . :RoundTripDestination a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Destination, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPassedThroughDuring ; owl:someValuesFrom :RoundTrip ] . :Roundabout :isTheOppositeOf :Direct ; :wnsense "circuitous2adj", "devious3adj", "roundabout2adj" ; :wordnet "circuitous", "devious", "roundabout" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Roundabout' is an attribute of a path or method or procedure that is not direct and requires multiple steps (such as road segments) where one or a smaller number of steps is usually required. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'roundabout' in Wordnet: 2. (1) devious, circuitous, roundabout - (deviating from a straight course; 'a scenic but devious route'; 'a long and circuitous journey by train and boat'; 'a roundabout route avoided rush-hour traffic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indirect . :Rounded :isTheOppositeOf :Angular ; :wnsense "rounded1adj" ; :wordnet "rounded" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rounded'' is a property of a two- or three-dimensional object that appears, from the angle of view of the observer, to have a smooth curved outline with no sharp angles, or projections or indentations that disrupt the overall round appearance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rounded' in WordNet: 1. (3) rounded - (curving and somewhat round in shape rather than jagged; 'low rounded hills'; 'rounded shoulders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curved . :Route :wnsense "itinerary1n", "path3n", "route1n" ; :wordnet "itinerary", "path", "route" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Route is a 'Path-Spatial' (not necessarily solid, as it can be over water through the air) or combination of connected paths that a Person or vehicle has traveled, is traveling, or plans to travel. For a ''Route'' that is a line over the ground that has been or can be traversed, use ''RouteOverGround''. This is somewhat broader than the WordNet sense 1, because it does not require that a Route be 'established' in the sense of being often traversed, or officially designated. It can be a planned route through a wilderness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'route' in WordNet: 1. (11) path, route, itinerary - (an established line of travel or access) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Spatial . :RouteOverGround a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RouteOverGround'' is a Route located on the surface of the Earth, that is or has been or can be traversed by animals or vehicles. This is mostly used to describe the sequence of locations where a traveling person has been in moving from one place to another. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Route, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Router :wnsense "router3n" ; :wordnet "router" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Router'' is a ''PowerTool'' and a ''HandTool'' used to modify Objects by cutting wooden objects. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'router' in WordNet: 3. router - (a power tool with a shaped cutter; used in carpentry for cutting grooves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :MachineTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingaGrooveInWood ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Routine :isTheOppositeOf :Salient ; :ldoce "usual" ; :wnsense "everyday1adj", "everyday3adj", "mundane1adj", "quotidian1adj", "routine2adj", "unremarkable1adj", "usual1adj", "workaday1adj" ; :wordnet "everyday", "mundane", "quotidian", "routine", "unremarkable", "usual", "workaday" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Events (including Actions) that have no special salient qualities and are too common to be considered notable; synonyms everyday, common, ordinary; includes actions of agents that the agent performs frequently: 'customary'. Differs from the parent 'Common' in applying to Events and especially Actions that are experienced by people. Includes adjective sense 2 of 'routine' and sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'usual' and sense 2 of 'customary' and senses 1 and 3 of 'everyday' in WordNet. The 'usual time' sense is included, though it mght be differentiated when needed - that sense is also included in the parent 'Common' in COSMO until more subsenses of 'common' are defined. in WordNet: WN 'routine': 2. (2) everyday, mundane, quotidian, routine, unremarkable, workaday - (found in the ordinary course of events; 'a placid everyday scene'; 'it was a routine day'; 'there's nothing quite like a real...train conductor to add color to a quotidian commute'- Anita Diamant) WN: 'usual': 1. (29) usual - (occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure; 'grew the usual vegetables'; 'the usual summer heat'; 'came at the usual time'; 'the child's usual bedtime') WN adj 'everyday': 3. everyday - (commonplace and ordinary; 'the familiar everyday world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Usual . :RoutineAction :guid "bd589cc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action performed by many or most members of a group of people at relatively frequent periodic intervals, therefore of less significance than unusual events. Not a salient event for an individual, though the action, if it is a Custom, may be a distinctive characteristic of the group..Bedtime prayers is both a Custom in certain GroupsOfPeople, and a RoutineAction for some individuals. Daily eating and washing routines are comon examples of RoutineAction. This includes daily routines as well as routine activities that occur at less frequent intervals, up to and including yearly rituals.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Behavior, :HumanActivity, :RoutineThing . :RoutineActivityCharacteristic a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of a 'Population' that consists of the performance of certain characteristic routine behaviors. The RoutineBehavior itself should be represented as an instance of 'RoutineAction'. Intances of 'RoutineActivityCharacteistic' should specify the type of routine activity and the typical frequency. ###ToDo: relations have not yet been defined to relate this Type to 'RoutineAction'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActivityCharacteristic . :RoutineThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event or object which is common enough that it does not attract special attention when it is noticed.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Routine ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :SalientThing . :Routinely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Habitual, :Routine ; :wnsense "habitually1adv", "routinely1adv" ; :wordnet "habitually", "routinely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Routinely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifes assertions about Actions expresses the notion that the Action characterized occurs in a ''Routine'' manner, i.e. it happens frequently or at regular intervals. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'routinely' in Wordnet: 1. (1) routinely, habitually - (according to routine or established practice; 'he routinely parked in a no-parking zone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :RoutingData :en "data routing", "routing data" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Using a ''NetworkRouter'' to trasfer data from one computer to another over a network, or between networks. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NetworkCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NetworkRouter ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DataPacket ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ] . :RoutingaGoupOfPeople :wnsense "expel4v", "rout out3v", "rout1v", "rout2n" ; :wordnet "expel", "rout", "rout out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rout' in WordNet: 1. (1) rout, rout out, expel - (cause to flee; 'rout out the fighters from their caves') WN noun 'rout': 2. rout - (an overwhelming defeat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DefeatingAnOpponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fleeing ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :RowOfButtons a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RowOfButtons'' is a ''RowOfObjects'' (which is a ''LinearlyOrderedGroup''') each element of which is a ''Button'' (for clothing) ,of which there are at least two. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RowOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Button ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :RowOfObjects :en "rows" ; :ennp "rows" ; :ldoce "row" ; :wnsense "row1n" ; :wordnet "row" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RowOfObjects' is a LinearlyOrderedGroup of Objects, abstract or physical, that is either straight (if physical) or represented by a straight array in some medium, as a Row in a table or Database. This type includes 'columns' as well as 'rows' and does not have any implications regarding the orientation of the object in the Row, as suggested by the phrase in the Wordnet gloss 'side by side'. For a LinearlyOrdered group of Events use ''ChronologicalSequence''. Includes but is more general than noun sense 1 of 'row', and includes sense 5 of 'row' and part (for Objects) of sense 2 of 'succession' WordNet: in WordNet: 1. (23) row - (an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line; 'a row of chairs') 5. row - - (a linear array of numbers side by side) WN noun 'succession': 2. (1) succession - (a group of people or things arranged or following in order; 'a succession of stalls offering soft drinks'; 'a succession of failures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup . :RowOfPeople :ldoce "line", "row" ; :wnsense "line1n", "queue1n", "row1n" ; :wordnet "line", "queue", "row" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RowOfPeople' is a LinearlyOrderedGroup of people; it may be perpendicular or horizontal to the line of sight or some other reference point. For a RowOfPeople that is linear in a direction perpendicular to their direction of movement or direction they are facing, use 'RankOfPeople'. 'a police cordon two rows deep' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'row', part of sense 1 of 'line' and part of sense 1 of 'queue' in WordNet: 1. (23) row - (an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line; 'a row of chairs') WN 'line' 1. (51) line - (a formation of people or things one beside another; 'the line of soldiers advanced with their bayonets fixed'; 'they were arrayed in line of battle'; 'the cast stood in line for the curtain call') WN 'queue' 1. queue, waiting line - (a line of people or vehicles waiting for something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :RowOfObjects . :Rowboat :guid "be0118b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "boat" ; :uses :Oar ; :wnsense "boat1n", "rowboat1n" ; :wordnet "boat", "rowboat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Rowboat has to be small enough to be powered by one person using oars - a trireme or frew-padled boat or other multiple-person powered boat is **not** an instance. A 'Rowboat' might be retrofitted with an engine, but to be a ''Rowboat'' it should be designed to be rowed. Cyc: #$Rowboat is a specialization of #$Watercraft-Surface and #$Device-UserPowered. Each instance of #$Rowboat is a boat which is usually powered by one or more persons' rowing (generally using #$Oars). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rowboat and Includes part of sense 1 of 'boat' in WordNet: 1. (14) boat - (a small vessel for travel on water) WN rowboat: 1. dinghy, dory, rowboat - (a small boat of shallow draft with cross thwarts for seats and rowlocks for oars with which it is propelled) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :Watercraft-Small, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oar ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oarlock ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Rowing :en "rowing" ; :guid "bd58ef61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "row" ; :wnsense "row1v" ; :wordnet "row" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$VoluntaryBodyMovements used to propel a boat or raft (or on a rowing machine), using an oar or paddle of some sort. For the collection of #$TransportationEvents in which the motive force is provided by numerous #$Rowing actions, see #$RowingABoat. NOTE: foot paddling is not included in this type, which requires using the hand to manipulate the propelling device. SUMO: Any instance of WaterTransportation where the instrument is an Oar that is manually powered. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'row' in WordNet: 1. (4) row - (propel with oars; 'row the boat across the lake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PropellingaBoat, :UsingTheHand . :Royal :ldoce "royal" ; :pertainsTo :MemberOfRoyalty ; :wnsense "royal1adj", "royal2adj", "royal3adj", "royal5adj" ; :wordnet "royal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Royal' is an pertaining attribute broadly relating to things that pertain directly to a king or queen or other monarch; of or pertaining to a king or queen. In the case of an emperor, the adjective 'imperial' also applies. Corresponds to adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 5 of 'royal' and in WordNet: 1. (4) royal - - (of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch; 'the royal party'; 'the royal crest'; 'by royal decree'; 'a royal visit') 2. (1) royal - - (established or chartered or authorized by royalty; 'the Royal Society') 3. royal - - (being of the rank of a monarch; 'of royal ancestry'; 'princes of the blood royal') 5. royal - - (invested with royal power as symbolized by a crown; 'the royal (or crowned) heads of Europe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aristocratic . :Royalty :wnsense "royal family1n", "royal house1n", "royal line1n", "royalty2n" ; :wordnet "royal family", "royal house", "royal line", "royalty" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Royalty'' is a GroupOfPeople each of whom is a ''MemberOfRoyalty''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'royalty' in WordNet: 2. (1) royalty, royal family, royal line, royal house - (royal persons collectively; 'the wedding was attended by royalty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MemberOfRoyalty ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :RoyaltyFee :wnsense "royalty1n" ; :wordnet "royalty" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RoyaltyFee'' is a payment for use of a Copyright or Patent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'royalty' in WordNet: 1. (5) royalty - (payment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource for the right to use their property; 'he received royalties on his book') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeePayment, :PaymentAmount . :Rubber :guid "bd58a2dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rubber" ; :wnsense "rubber1n", "rubber2n" ; :wordnet "rubber" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any elastic material made of polymer that can stretch and is flexible; it can be of natural rubber or some synthetic substance. Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'rubber' in WordNet: 1. (4) rubber, natural rubber, India rubber, gum elastic, caoutchouc - - (an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products) 2. rubber, synthetic rubber - - (any of various synthetic elastic materials whose properties resemble natural rubber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, :OrganicCompound, :Polymer, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elastic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :RubberBoot :en "rubber boots" ; :wnsense "rubber boot1n" ; :wordnet "rubber boot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the singular for one rubber overshoe that extends enough above the ankles to be considered a 'boot' rather than a 'shoe'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubber boot' in WordNet: 1. rubber boot, gum boot - (a high boot made of rubber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rubbers . :RubberSole :en "rubber sole" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RubberSole''' is a ''ShoeSole'' made of ''Rubber'' (natural or synthetic). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShoeSole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rubber ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :RubberStrip :guid "c07849d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "elastic" ; :wnsense "elastic band1n", "elastic1n", "rubber band1n" ; :wordnet "elastic", "elastic band", "rubber band" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any rubber band, made from natural or synthetic rubber. This may have open ends that are not connected, and can therefore be connected to two different objects or two parts of the same object. if closed in a loop, it is the subtype ''LoopedRubberBand'.. WN does not distinguish the closed and looped rubber bands. The same synset is used for both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubber band' and noun sense 1 of 'elastic' and sense 1 of 'elastic band' in WordNet: 1. rubber band, elastic band, elastic - - (a narrow band of elastic rubber used to hold things (such as papers) together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElasticObject, :RibbonlikeObject, :Strip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoopShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rubber ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Rubbers :en "galoshes", "rubbers" ; :ennp "galoshes", "rubbers" ; :wnsense "galosh1n", "golosh1n", "rubber5n" ; :wordnet "galosh", "golosh", "rubber" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the singular for one rubber overshoe - term is in plural form to avoid conflict with substance ''Rubber' and because the term is often used in the plural rather than singular. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubber' in WordNet: 5. arctic, galosh, golosh, rubber, gumshoe - (a waterproof overshoe that protects shoes from water or snow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootwearItem . :Rubbing :guid "bd589b80-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rub" ; :wnsense "rub1v", "rubbing1n" ; :wordnet "rub", "rubbing" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sliding of one object against another in which noticeable friction is generated. Cyc: A collection of events. An instance of #$Rubbing is an event in which the #$objectActedOn is rubbed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rub' in WordNet: 1. (19) rub - - (move over something with pressure; 'rub my hands'; 'rub oil into her skin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ApplyingFriction, :Sliding-Generic . :Rubella :guid "c0fd4cac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "German measles1n", "epidemic roseola1n", "rubella1n", "three-day measles1n" ; :wordnet "German measles", "epidemic roseola", "rubella", "three-day measles" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Epidemic, viral infection. Acquired by direct contact with person infected. One attack of rubella apparently confers lasting immunity. Rubella would be of little concern if it were not for the fact that it causes birth defects if a pregnant woman becomes infected. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubella' in WordNet: 1. German measles, rubella, three-day measles, epidemic roseola - (a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting three or four days; can be damaging to a fetus during the first trimester) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContagiousDisease, :ViralInfection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirthDefect ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Rubidium :guid "bd58c1f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "37"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Rb1n", "rubidium1n" ; :wordnet "Rb", "rubidium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of rubidium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rubidium' in WordNet: 1. rubidium, Rb, atomic number 37 - (a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlkaliMetal, :ChemicalElement, :SolidSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :RubyColor :guid "34899668-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "cerise1adj", "cherry-red1adj", "cherry1adj", "crimson1adj", "ruby-red1adj", "ruby1adj", "scarlet1adj" ; :wordnet "cerise", "cherry", "cherry-red", "crimson", "ruby", "ruby-red", "scarlet" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the broad WN synset is broken into different subtypes in COSMO each using the same synset as a label. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'ruby-red' in Wordnet: 1. red, reddish, ruddy, blood-red, carmine, cerise, cherry, cherry-red, crimson, ruby, ruby-red, scarlet - (of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reddish . :Rudder :wnsense "rudder2n" ; :wordnet "rudder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The flat object projecting into the water that the driver of a boat manipulates to steer the boat. This is a ''Board'' (flate thin plate) that can be made of any sufficiently strong and rigid material - metal, wood, plastic. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rudder' in WordNet: 2. rudder - ((nautical) steering mechanism consisting of a hinged vertical plate mounted at the stern of a vessel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :Device-UserControlled, :FlatObject, :FreeSheet, :SteeringDevice, :VehicleController, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :steers ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShipsStern ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Ruddy :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person, :Skin ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Face ; :wnsense "florid2adj", "rubicund1adj", "ruddy1adj", "sanguine2adj" ; :wordnet "florid", "rubicund", "ruddy", "sanguine" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ruddy'' is a skin color noticeable mostly in the Face and Arms, being a combination of a light red and tan in varying proportions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ruddy' in WordNet: 1. (1) rubicund, ruddy, florid, sanguine - (inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life; 'a ruddy complexion'; 'Santa's rubicund cheeks'; 'a fresh and sanguine complexion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reddish . :Rude :en "incivil" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Polite ; :ldoce "rude" ; :wnsense "bad-mannered1adj", "ill-mannered1adj", "rude1adj", "rude3adj", "uncivil1adj", "unmannered1adj", "unmannerly1adj" ; :wordnet "bad-mannered", "ill-mannered", "rude", "uncivil", "unmannered", "unmannerly" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Rude' in COSMO.is used as a more intense form of 'Impolite' in which behavior, often some speech act, is unpleasant to other people, and is of a type that the offender should know will be offensive. This AttributeValue can characterize a single incident or a habitual pattern of rudeness, and can characterize a Person or the Action of a Person: 'a rude young man';'a rude remark'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'rude' in WordNet: 1. (2) ill-mannered, bad-mannered, rude, unmannered, unmannerly - - (socially incorrect in behavior; 'resentment flared at such an unmannered intrusion') 3. uncivil, rude - - (lacking civility or good manners; 'want nothing from you but to get away from your uncivil tongue'- Willa Cather) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impolite, :Offensive . :Rudeness :isTheOppositeOf :Politeness ; :wnsense "discourtesy2n", "rudeness1n" ; :wordnet "discourtesy", "rudeness" ; a :ActionType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rudeness'' is a quality of a Person having the AttributeValue ''Rude''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rudeness' in WordNet: 1. (1) discourtesy, rudeness - (a manner that is rude and insulting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rude ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Ruffle :wnsense "ruffle1n" ; :wordnet "ruffle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Frill'' added to the bottom of a dress or skirt.. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense of 'ruffle' in WordNet: 1. frill, flounce, ruffle, furbelow - (a strip of pleated material used as a decoration or a trim) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ] . :Rug :guid "c0fd5c32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToCover :Floor ; :wnsense "rug1n" ; :wordnet "rug" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """From plush room-sized Oriental rugs to rubber-backed bathroom rugs, this collection represents textile floor coverings that are not attached. The restriction that it cannot be attached distinguishes a 'Carpet' (which may or may not be attached) from a 'Rug' in COSMO. SUMO: A piece of Fabric whose purpose is to cover a Floor. Corresponds to part ('rug') of noun sense 1 of 'rug' in WordNet: 1. (4) rug, carpet, carpeting - (floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carpet . :Rugby :wnsense "rugby football1n", "rugby1n", "rugger1n" ; :wordnet "rugby", "rugby football", "rugger" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sport of 'Rugby'. This is not a game but the sport generally, a subtype of ''Specification''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rugby' in WordNet: 1. rugby, rugby football, rugger - (a form of football played with an oval ball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport . :RugbyBall :wnsense "rugby ball1n" ; :wordnet "rugby ball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ball used in a rugby game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rugby ball' in WordNet: 1. rugby ball - (inflated oval ball used in playing rugby) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Ball, :Device, :InflatableContainer, :ManufacturedGoods, :Ovoid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RugbyGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :RugbyGame :en "game of rugby", "rugby game" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A game that is an execution of ''Rugby''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rugby ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RugbyBall ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Ruination :wnsense "downfall1n", "ruin1n", "ruin5n", "ruination1n", "ruination3n" ; :wordnet "downfall", "ruin", "ruination" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Ruination'' is an Event in which some person(s) were harmed *non-physically* to a high degree in some way such that they cannot achieve a deeply desired or necessary Goal. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'ruination' in WordNet: 1. ruin, ruination - (an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction; 'you have brought ruin on this entire family') 3. downfall, ruin, ruination - (failure that results in a loss of position or reputation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HarmingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ruinous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ruined :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :PhysicalDestructionEvent, :Ruining ; :wnsense "destroyed1adj", "destroyed2adj", "ruined1adj" ; :wordnet "destroyed", "ruined" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ruined'' is the attribute of a PhysicalObject that has been damaged to the point where it is no longer usable. When applied to structures,this typically refers to severe strutural damage. Corresponds to part (for physical destruction) of adjective sense 1 of 'ruined' and the like part of 'destroyed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) destroyed, ruined - (destroyed physically or morally) WN adj 'destroyed': 1. (1) destroyed - (spoiled or ruined or demolished; 'war left many cities destroyed'; 'Alzheimer's is responsible for her destroyed mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Ruining :eng "destroying", "ruining" ; :ldoce "destroy", "ruin" ; :wnsense "destroy2v", "ruin2v" ; :wordnet "destroy", "ruin" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ruining' is the Class of Events in which something that is *not* a PhysicalObject is destroyed, and no longer exists. This type can be used for Events in which the thing destroyed is not physical (the scandal ruined his chances of getting elected; the gossip ruined his reputation). For physical destruction, use 'PhysicalDestructionEvent'. Includes parts of sense 2 of 'ruin' and of sense 2 of 'destroy' in WordNet: WN 'destroy': 2. (28) destroy, ruin - - (destroy completely; damage irreparably; 'You have ruined my car by pouring sugar in the tank!'; 'The tears ruined her make-up') WN 'ruin': 2. ruin - (destroy or cause to fail; 'This behavior will ruin your chances of winning the election') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DestructionEvent . :Ruinous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Ruination ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Ruination ; :wnsense "catastrophic1adj", "fatal3adj", "ruinous1adj", "ruinous2adj" ; :wordnet "catastrophic", "fatal", "ruinous" ; a :CausativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ruinous'' is an intensive form of ''Disastrous'' , asserting that the Event characterized causes sufficient *non-physical* damage for either (1) the Person harmed to completely lose the ability to achieve some desired goal, as a 'ruinous' decision or Event that makes the goal impossible, or (2) the Person harmed to be characterized as 'ruined', as being financially ruined, such as bankrupted. This should be used for non-physical damage; for intense physical damage the subtypes of ''Damaging'' can be used. 'fatal' here is in the sense 'fatal to his chnces of winning'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'ruinous' and part of sense 3 of 'fatal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) catastrophic, ruinous - (extremely harmful; bringing physical or financial ruin; 'a catastrophic depression'; 'catastrophic illness'; 'a ruinous course of action') 2. blasting, ruinous - (causing injury or blight; especially affecting with sudden violence or plague or ruin; 'the blasting effects of the intense cold on the budding fruit'; 'the blasting force of the wind blowing sharp needles of sleet in our faces'; 'a ruinous war') WN adj 'fatal': 3. black, calamitous, disastrous, fatal, fateful - ((of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin; 'the stock market crashed on Black Friday'; 'a calamitous defeat'; 'the battle was a disastrous end to a disastrous campaign'; 'such doctrines, if true, would be absolutely fatal to my theory'- Charles Darwin; 'it is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it'- Douglas MacArthur; 'a fateful error') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :Disastrous . :Ruins :en "ruins" ; :ldoce "ruin" ; :wnsense "ruin2n" ; :wordnet "ruin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Ruins' is a structure that has been so badly damaged, losing at least part of its exterior, and usually part or all of the roof, that it can no longer function for its intended purpose. Even though non-functional, it retains its identity as an instance of Structure. Used mostly for the remains of a building Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'ruin' in WordNet, but is slightly broader in including structures that are not buildings: 2. (2) ruin - (a ruined building; 'they explored several Roman ruins') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonFunctionalObject, :Structure, :WreckedObject . :Rule :ldoce "rule" ; :wnsense "rule1n", "rule3n", "rule4n", "rule5n", "rule6n", "rule9n" ; :wordnet "rule" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Rule' is a special kind of Proposition that asserts that some system or structure is or should be structured in a certain way, or that some agent should behave in a certain way. This is a very general sense of 'rule' including laws of nature, rules for behavior, principles for design of artifacts. Most uses of this type will be through the more specific subtypes. NOTE that a 'rule' must apply to some 'GenericLocation' - a Ruile created by the captain of a ship may apply only on that ship. A 'LawOfNature' wll usually apply at all points in the known universe. Rules such as a LawOfNature are not created by IntelligentAgents, but most Rules are. Some rules such as GrammaticalRules are created by a community as a whole, in an evolutionary manner, rather than by individuals imposing their views on others. This broad sense includes noun senses 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10 in WordNet: 1. (16) rule, regulation - (a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; 'it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast'; 'short haircuts were the regulation') 3. (10) rule, prescript - (prescribed guide for conduct or action) 4. (7) rule, linguistic rule - ((linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice) 5. (3) principle, rule - (a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; 'their principles of composition characterized all their works') 6. (1) principle, rule - (a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system; 'the principle of the conservation of mass'; 'the principle of jet propulsion'; 'the right-hand rule for inductive fields') 9. rule - (directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; 'he knew the rules of chess') 10. rule - (any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; 'the rule of St. Dominic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericRule, :Proposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :SituationProcessEventOrState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :holdsAtLocation ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :RuleBased :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :CourtCase, :Indicting, :LegalDocument ; :wnsense "formal1adj", "formal2adj" ; :wordnet "formal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RuleBased'' is an attribute of Actions that are carried out according to some ''Rule'' established either legally or by some authority within some Organization. This is commonly expressed by the term 'formal, but the WN senses of 'formal' do not include this specific meaning. RHW sense 8 is closer to the meaning of this type: 8. made or done in accordance with procedures that ensure validity: a formal authorization. Includes adjective sense 2 of 'formal' and part of sense 1 in Wordnet: 1. (13) formal - (being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress); 'pay one's formal respects'; 'formal dress'; 'a formal ball'; 'the requirement was only formal and often ignored'; 'a formal education') 2. (3) formal - (characteristic of or befitting a person in authority; 'formal duties'; 'an official banquet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :RuleForBehavior :ldoce "rule" ; :wnsense "rule10n", "rule3n", "rule9n" ; :wordnet "rule" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RuleForBehavior' is a Rule created by some Authority that asserts that a certain type of Behavior is forbidden or is permitted under certain conditions, or that some Action must be performed in a certain manner. Subtypes are Laws created by the legislative bodies of GeopoliticalEntities, rules created by parents for their children to follow, business practices adopted by commercial enterprises for their employees to follow, rules created by any organization that regulate how their members may act, rules created to describe the allowed method for playing a game, among others. A set of more than one RuleForBehavior is also considered as a RuleForBehavior, but is represented by the subtype 'RulesForConduct'. Although Rules generally must be created by some GenericAgent, a 'RuleForBehavior' must be created by some 'IntelligentAgent', to control the behavior of other IntelligentAgents. This distinguishes this subtype of 'Rule' from, for example, a 'LawOfNature'. NOTE however,that when a 'RuleForBehavior'' is the result of an informal agreement or prevailing opinion among some community, the ''Authority' is the community, and the consequence may only be disapprobation. Each 'RuleForBehavior' is a special kind of Proposition that asserts that some agent has some Obligation to do (or refrain from doing) some act, and each . This is not a logical 'rule', which is categorized in the type 'Axiom'. Also excluded are 'rules' NOTE that as a subtype of Proposition, this 'Rule' type represents the conceptual content, not the abstract symbolic things (AbstractTexts) that describe the Rule, nor the physical texts on which the Rule may be visibly written. Every Rule specifies what is desired or mandatory for some future situation, and carries the expectation that agents who conform to the Rule will make that Situation happen. The definition of Rule subsumes simple games as well as complicated laws and business rules. The future situations may be processes, events, or states. Thus the Rule 'stop for a red light' refers to the situation where a vehicle approaches an intersection with a traffic light that is red; - to conform to the Rule, the vehicle must perform the event of stopping before the location of the light. That event of stopping is the desired situation that the Rule specifies. Although Rules are created to be applied to Agents, it is difficult in many cases to specify the agents to whom the rules are intended to apply, as the agents may be in some cases only vaguely defined by membership in a class - for example, game rules only apply to those playing the game at some particular time. Laws may apply to anyone 'within the jurisdiction'. Includes noun senses 3, 9, and 10 of 'rule' in WordNet: 3. (10) rule, prescript - (prescribed guide for conduct or action) 9. rule - (directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; 'he knew the rules of chess') 10. rule - (any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; 'the rule of St. Dominic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rule, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAssignedByAuthority ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssigningaRule ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommandPhrase ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :RuleMakingRight :en "rule-making right" ; :enn "rule-making right" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RuleMakingRight''is the Right to ''MakingaRule'' in some Jurisdiction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaRule ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :RuleType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """RuleType is a metatype which is a specialization of 'ObjectType' that can serve as type for Rules (laws, theories) and an argument restriction for various relations on Rule types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObjectType . :Ruler :isUsedToMeasure :LengthMeasure ; :ldoce "ruler" ; :wnsense "ruler1n" ; :wordnet "ruler" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long thin object with numbered markings at regular intervals of length, used to measure length, by comparing a PhysicalObject or some interval of space between physical objects with the positions of the markings on the Ruler. NOTE that this is the stright rigid 'ruler' and not a measuring tape. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ruler' in WordNet: 1. (9) rule, ruler - - (measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasuringDevice, :RigidObject, :SmallObject, :StraightObject, :Strip . :RulesForConduct :guid "bd58b164-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rule" ; :wnsense "rule10n", "rule3n", "rule9n" ; :wordnet "rule" ; a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'RulesForConduct' is a Group of more than one 'RuleForBehavior'. This type merges the Cyc 'SupposedToBeMicrotheory' and 'CodeOfConduct' - renamed to make clear the interpretation of this category in COSMO. In COSMO, RulesForConduct is a Group containing at least one 'Rule', and possibly other elements, such as descriptions of the history or purpose of the Rules. NOTE that the Rules contained in each set of RulesforConduct each refer to some desired FutureSituation. But at this point (v0.3) that future situation or situations is referenced only by the Rules individually, not by this aggregate concept of a set of Rules. To specify what is desired by a set of Rules, create the individual Rules, and from those Rules point to the states that each Rule specifies as desired. Cyc 'SupposedTobe Microtheory' Cyc: A specialization of #$Microtheory. Each instance of #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory is a microtheory that describes how things are supposed to be according to some source. Instances of this collection can be used to represent things like the policies of a company, the laws of a country, the tenets of a religion, the rules of proper conduct for employees of a particular corporation, etc. The assertions in a #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory may or may not describe the world as it actually is. Examples instances include #$BasicWesternLegalConceptsMt, #$SportsRulesOf-BoxingSportsEvent, #$CycStaffCalendar, and #$OfficeCodeOfConductMt. Cyc: CodeOfConduct: An instance of #$MicrotheoryType, and a specialization of #$Obligation. Each instance of #$CodeOfConduct is a microtheory containing rules and/or expectations governing the behavior of those agents subject to it. Includes noun senses 3, 9, and 10 of 'rule' in WordNet: 3. (10) rule, prescript - (prescribed guide for conduct or action) 9. rule - (directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; 'he knew the rules of chess') 10. rule - (any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; 'the rule of St. Dominic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesiresContext, :Group, :RuleForBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :RuleForBehavior ] . :Ruling :wnsense "opinion5n", "ruling1n" ; :wordnet "opinion", "ruling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Ruling'' is a ''JudicialDecision'' that is the final judgment on a court proceeding. It may be appealed,but settles the issue as far as the specific court is concerned. Unclear how this relates to ''JudicialDecision'' and ''LegalDecision''' - any suggestions from law experts?? The WN gloss explicitly states that this is not the ruling, but this type is intended to represent a final decision on a case, whereas the parent ''JudicialDecision'' includes any number of intermediate decisions such as whether to allow testimony or to accept an objection. A ''Ruling'' will include the court's reasoning, but it is taken as authoritative. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'ruling' in WordNet: 1. (4) opinion, ruling - (the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JudicialDecision, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourtCase ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFinishes ] . :Rum :guid "bd58d7e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :EthylAlcohol ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :FermentedMolasses ; :isProducedByEventType :Distilling ; :wnsense "rum1n" ; :wordnet "rum" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rum' in WordNet: 1. rum - (liquor distilled from fermented molasses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distillate, :Liquor . :Rumbling :wnsense "grumble1v", "rumble1v" ; :wordnet "grumble", "rumble" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rumbling'' represents the Action of making a low intermittent sound like deep drumbeats or booms. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rumble' in WordNet: 1. (3) rumble, grumble - (make a low noise; 'rumbling thunder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RumblingSound ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :RumblingSound :wnsense "grumble1n", "rumble1n", "rumbling1n" ; :wordnet "grumble", "rumble", "rumbling" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RumblingSound'' is a sound like that of a repetitive far-away explosions and/or the beats of a large drum. This is often the sound of ''Thunder''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rumble' in WordNet: 1. (4) rumble, rumbling, grumble, grumbling - (a loud low dull continuous noise; 'they heard the rumbling of thunder') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rumbling ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Ruminant :guid "bd590376-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ruminant1n" ; :wordnet "ruminant" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A group of mammals which bring previously swallowed food back from their stomachs to re-chew into a finer and more digestible consistancy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ruminant' in WordNet: 1. ruminant - (any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Herbivore, :NonHumanAnimal, :PlacentalMammal, :TerrestrialOrganism . :Rummaging :wnsense "rummage1v" ; :wordnet "rummage" ; a :ActionType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rummaging'' is a ''SearchingForAnObject'' where the Object is a small ''PhysicalObject'' and is in the same location as several other ''PhysicalObject''s at least two others), making it necessary to move one or more of those Objects with the hand in order to find the desired Object. ''Rummaging'' is usually used for searches inside a residence or in some storage room or cabinet or drawer. This does *not* include just going from place to place in a buiding to find something - e.g. misplaced keys - that would be 'looking around' for something. NOTE; a ''Rummaging'' does not have to be 'haphazard' as in the WN gloss; it could be (though usually isn't) systematic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rummage' in WordNet: 1. (2) rummage - (search haphazardly; 'We rummaged through the drawers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SearchingForAnObject, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ContainedObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Rumor :wnsense "hearsay1n", "rumor1n", "rumour1n" ; :wordnet "hearsay", "rumor", "rumour" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rumor'' is the generic term for a ''QuestionableInformation'' that is transmitted orally or in some other meium by one person, based on that person's own opinions, and without any prior evluation by an organization. This include material widely distribute by Facebook, tweeting, or any other soial medium. This does not include published material in books or periodicals. See subtype ''ScandalSheetText'' for that. RHW: 'rumor' sense 1: a story or statement in general circulation without confirmation or certainty as to facts: a rumor of war. In WN 'rumor' is a subtype of 'gossip but in COSMO ''gossip'' (about people) is a subtype of ''Rumor'' Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'rumor' (any person-to person medium, including internet can be used) in WordNet: 1. (14) rumor, rumour, hearsay - (gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuestionableInformation . :Run-Down :wnsense "creaky1adj", "decrepit1adj", "derelict1adj", "flea-bitten1adj", "run-down1adj", "woebegone1adj" ; :wordnet "creaky", "decrepit", "derelict", "flea-bitten", "run-down", "woebegone" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Run-Down'' characterizes any Artifact or Area that has deteriorated and is less useful or desirable than others in better condition. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'run-down' in Wordnet: 1. (1) creaky, decrepit, derelict, flea-bitten, run-down, woebegone - (worn and broken down by hard use; 'a creaky shack'; 'a decrepit bus...its seats held together with friction tape'; 'a flea-bitten sofa'; 'a run-down neighborhood'; 'a woebegone old shack') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :RunBattedIn :en "RBI" ; :enn "RBI" ; :wnsense "rbi1n", "run batted in1n" ; :wordnet "rbi", "run batted in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RunBattedIn'' is a ''ScoringaRun'' when a ''BaseballBatter'' hits the ball so as to cause a ''BaseballPlayer'' (the batter or some other player who was on base) to go around the baseline to home plate and score a run. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'run batted in' in WordNet: 1. (1) run batted in, rbi - (a run that is the result of the batter's performance; 'he had more than 100 rbi last season') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScoringaRun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Batting ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Runaway :en "completely out of control" ; :enadj "completely out of control" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Controlled ; :wnsense "runaway1adj" ; :wordnet "runaway" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'runaway' in Wordnet: 1. (3) runaway - (completely out of control; 'runaway inflation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uncontrolled . :RunawayPerson :wnsense "fleer1n", "fugitive1n", "runaway2n" ; :wordnet "fleer", "fugitive", "runaway" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RunawayPerson'' includes minor children who run away from home. But a 'fugitive from justice' is not included, that is represented by ''Fugitive''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'runaway' in WordNet: 2. fugitive, runaway, fleer - (someone who flees from an uncongenial situation; 'fugitives from the sweatshops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fleeing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Rung :wnsense "rung2n" ; :wordnet "rung" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Rung'' is one of the crosspieces of a ladder, which may be round or flat. This term in English usually refers to the round crosspiece, and a flat piece may be referred to as a 'step', but both are subsumed in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rung' in Wordnet: 2. rundle, spoke, rung - (one of the crosspieces that form the steps of a ladder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :NonPoweredDevice, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ladder ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Runner :wnsense "runner8n" ; :wordnet "runner" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specifically for ''Runners'' that are flat-bottomed long and narrow SupportingObjects (with some connecting pieces fixed to the conveyance), designed to support conveyances (''SnowSurfaceTransporter''s) that move over snow or ice. This includes the blades on ice skates, so they are not necessarily sheet-like, they just have to have a flat bottom. NOTE that a 'Ski' is a lot like a ''Runner'' but is not classified as a subtype because a''Runner'' is only a proper part of a conveyance,whereas a ''Ski'' with boot and straps attached could be considered as a whole conveyance. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'runner' in WordNet: 8. runner - (device consisting of the parts on which something can slide along) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatBottomedObject, :LongAndThinObject, :PartOfanArtifact, :SolidTangibleArtifact, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SnowSurfaceTransporter ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :RunnerUp :wnsense "runner-up1n", "second best1n" ; :wordnet "runner-up", "second best" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RunnerUp'' is the Person who comes in second in a Competition. The term 'runner-up' is usually used only for a ''Person''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'runner-up' in WordNet: 1. (2) runner-up, second best - (the competitor who finishes second) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competitor, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaCompetitorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Winner ] . :Running :en "running" ; :guid "bd58e41a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isFasterThan :Walking ; :ldoce "run" ; :wnsense "run1v" ; :wordnet "run" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: to be disjoint with Walking, it is required that at some point in the Running event, no foot of an animal is in contact with the ground. This requirement distinguishes 'Running' from fast walking, and is only seen in humans and some quadripeds. Insects, arthropods, centipedes,and millipedes cannot perform 'Running', even if they move quickly. However, the bounding gait of a kangaroo or rabbit would *not* qualify as a 'running', but would be a 'Hopping'. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$LocomotionProcess-Animal in which an #$Animal agent travels on foot using rapid voluntary movements of its legs; similar to walking, only faster. SUMO: Ambulating relatively quickly, i.e. moving in such a way that, with each step, neither foot is in contact with the ground for a period of time. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'run' in WordNet: 1. (106) run - (move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time; 'Don't run-you'll be out of breath'; 'The children ran to the store') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gait, :LocomotionProcess-Animal ; owl:disjointWith :Walking . :RunningAnErrand :en "run an errand" ; :env "run an errand" ; :wnsense "errand1n" ; :wordnet "errand" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RunningAnErrand'' is a short ''TakingaTrip'' to accomplish some Task. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'errand' in WordNet: 1. (5) errand - (a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingaTrip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarryingOutaTask ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :RunningAway :en "fleeing", "running away" ; :wnsense "abscond1v", "absquatulate1v", "beetle off1v", "bolt out1v", "bolt4v", "bolt5v", "break away5v", "decamp2v", "fly the coop1v", "go off1v", "head for the hills1v", "hightail it1v", "lam1v", "make off1v", "run away1v", "run away2v", "run off1v", "run off2v", "run out3v", "run2v", "scarper1v", "scat1v", "turn tail1v" ; :wordnet "abscond", "absquatulate", "beetle off", "bolt", "bolt out", "break away", "decamp", "fly the coop", "go off", "head for the hills", "hightail it", "lam", "make off", "run", "run away", "run off", "run out", "scarper", "scat", "turn tail" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RunningAway'' is the most general Action of a 'Person' that leaves a location where they are now or are normally (as a residence), to an undisclosed location, for any reason. This can be for example, running from the police, from one's parents, or from an institution. Running away for fear of being apprehended is the subtype Includes 'run off' verb senses 1 and 2 and 'run away senses 1 and 2 in WordNet: 1. (2) abscond, bolt, absquatulate, decamp, run off, go off, make off - (run away; usually includes taking something or somebody along; 'The thief made off with our silver'; 'the accountant absconded with the cash from the safe') 2. (1) run off, run out, bolt, bolt out, beetle off - (leave suddenly and as if in a hurry; 'The listeners bolted when he discussed his strange ideas'; 'When she started to tell silly stories, I ran out') WN 'run; 2. (38) scat, run, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it, bunk, head for the hills, take to the woods, escape, fly the coop, break away - (flee; take to one's heels; cut and run; 'If you see this man, run!'; 'The burglars escaped before the police showed up') WN 'run away': 2. (1) run away - (escape from the control of; 'Industry is running away with us all') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvoidanceAction, :LeavingaPlace . :RunningBoard :guid "c1009f1f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "running board1n" ; :wordnet "running board" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RunningBoard'' is a ''Footboard'' attached to the side of an older style of vehicle, alonside and below a door to help people get into and out of the vehicles, which used to have interior floors higher off the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'running board' in WordNet: 1. (1) running board - (a narrow footboard serving as a step beneath the doors of some old cars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Footboard, :VehiclePart . :RunnyNose :en "runny nose" ; :guid "c0fd5991-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The physiological condition of having a runny nose." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nose ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Runoff :wnsense "overflow2n", "overspill2n", "runoff1n" ; :wordnet "overflow", "overspill", "runoff" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Runoff'' is a ''Spilling'' from a stationary container due to liquid going into the container after it has already filled up. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'runoff' in WordNet: 1. (2) overflow, runoff, overspill - (the occurrence of surplus liquid (as water) exceeding the limit or capacity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidMotion, :Movement-TranslationEvent, :Spilling . :Runway :wnsense "runway2n" ; :wordnet "runway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Runway'' is a ''HorizontalTopSurface'' large and long enough for fixed-wing Airplanes to take off and land. This includes the ''FlightDeck'' on an AircraftCarrier. Subtypes can be more specific as to type and location. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'runway' in WordNet: 2. runway - (a strip of level paved surface where planes can take off and land) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HorizontalTopSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AircraftTakeoff ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AircraftLanding ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Rupee :en "rupee" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ This 'rupee' is generic for any ''CurrencyUnit'' called a 'rupee'. WordNet has several more specific units, each of which would be an instance: 1. Sri Lanka rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in Sri Lanka; equal to 100 cents) 2. Seychelles rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in Seychelles; equal to 100 cents) 3. Nepalese rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in Nepal; equal to 100 paisa) 4. Mauritian rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in Mauritius; equal to 100 cents) 5. Pakistani rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in Pakistan; equal to 100 paisa) 6. Indian rupee, rupee -- (the basic unit of money in India; equal to 100 paise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurrencyUnit . :Rupturing :eng "rupturing" ; :wnsense "bust3v", "rupture1v", "snap2v", "tear1v" ; :wordnet "bust", "rupture", "snap", "tear" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rupturing'' is an Event in which a tear in a solid surface creates an ''Opening'' in the surface. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rupture' in WordNet: 1. (1) tear, rupture, snap, bust - (separate or cause to separate abruptly; 'The rope snapped'; 'tear the paper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingOpen . :RupturingaBloodVessel :en "rupturing a blood vessel" ; :enn "rupturing a blood vessel" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''RupturingaBloodVessel'' is an Event in which a ''BloodVessel'' tears open from internal processes, rather than from being cut from outside. \"BloodPressure """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rupturing . :Rural :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Farm :RuralArea :Forest :Swamp ) ] ; :wnsense "rural1adj", "rural2adj" ; :wordnet "rural" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of some type or instance that is distinctive to or characteristic of places, people, or customs typically outside the areas in or near a ''City'' Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'rural' in WordNet: 1. (18) rural - (living in or characteristic of farming or country life; 'rural people'; 'large rural households'; 'unpaved rural roads'; 'an economy that is basically rural') 2. (7) rural - (relating to rural areas; 'rural electrification'; 'rural free delivery (RFD)') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :RuralArea :guid "bd588483-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "country4n", "rural area1n" ; :wordnet "country", "rural area" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeographicalThing'' (located at the EarthsSurface) outside cities or suburbs. Ruralness is an intrinsic property of these areas, i.e. every piece of a #$RuralArea is an instance of #$RuralArea. NOTE: has been changed to ''OutsideLocation'' not Region. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rural area' in WordNet: 1. (3) country, rural area - (an area outside of cities and towns; 'his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalArea, :GeographicalThing, :OutsideLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :UrbanArea . :RuralRegion a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeographicalThing'' (located at the EarthsSurface) outside cities or suburbs. Ruralness is an intrinsic property of these areas, i.e. every piece of a #$RuralArea is an instance of #$RuralArea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rural area' in WordNet: 1. (3) country, rural area - (an area outside of cities and towns; 'his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion, :GeographicalThing, :OutsideLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Rushing :en "hurrying", "rushing" ; :eng "racing" ; :isAnAlternativeTo :Waiting ; :ldoce "hurry", "race", "rush" ; :wnsense "belt along1v", "bucket along1v", "cannonball along1v", "hasten2v", "hie1v", "hotfoot1v", "hurry1v", "pelt along1v", "race1v", "rush along1v", "rush1v", "speed1v", "speed4v", "travel rapidly1v", "zip2v" ; :wordnet "belt along", "bucket along", "cannonball along", "hasten", "hie", "hotfoot", "hurry", "pelt along", "race", "rush", "rush along", "speed", "travel rapidly", "zip" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Rushing' is Translation-LocationChange (an animal moving from one place to another) which is performed more quickly than usual, i.e. is performed in a hurried or rushed manner. The words associated with this sense are often used with the meaning of the process of going, rather than the completed movement; the distinction must be made by the Lexical Expert. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'hurry' , sense 1 of 'rush', and sense 1 of 'race'; it is also part of sense 4 of 'rush', the more general sense, but that is represented by the more general type 'Hurrying'. in WordNet: WN 'rush' 1. (20) rush, hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along, rush along, cannonball along, bucket along, belt along - (step on it; 'He rushed down the hall to receive his guests'; 'The cars raced down the street') WN 'hurry' 1. (30) travel rapidly, speed, hurry, zip - (move very fast; 'The runner zipped past us at breakneck speed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :PurposefulAction, :Translation-LocationChange . :Russia :en "Russia" ; :has :MoscowRussia ; :wnsense "Russia4n", "Russian Federation1n" ; :wordnet "Russia", "Russian Federation" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """Formally the 'Russian Federation' (contains regions not part of the original 'Russia' and conquered over several centuries). Although the adjective 'Russian' in English pertains to the people and to the country; the Russian language has two terms, 'Rossiyski' for the country and the Russian Federation and 'Russkiy' for the language and the people and the culture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Russia' in WordNet: 4. Russia, Russian Federation - (a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state) """ . :Russian :wasCreatedBy :RussianSpeakers ; :wnsense "Russian2n" ; :wordnet "Russian" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Russian' in Wordnet: 2. (4) Russian - (the Slavic language that is the official language of Russia) """ . :RussianFederation a :Country . :RussianSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Rust :hasComponentSubstance :Iron, :Oxygen ; :isProducedByEventType :Rusting ; :wnsense "rust1n" ; :wordnet "rust" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rust' in WordNet: 1. rust - (a red or brown oxide coating on iron or steel caused by the action of oxygen and moisture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FerricOxide . :RustColored :en "rust-colored" ; :enadj "rust-colored" ; :isTheColorOf :Rust ; :wnsense "rust-brown1adj", "rust1adj", "rusty2adj" ; :wordnet "rust", "rust-brown", "rusty" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having a reddish-brown color resembling that of ''Rust'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rust-brown' in Wordnet: 1. rust, rusty, rust-brown - (of the brown color of rust) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brownish, :Reddish . :Rustic :wnsense "rustic1n" ; :wordnet "rustic" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Rustic'' is a ''CommonMan'' who lives in a ''RuralAea'' and is not well-educated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rustic' in WordNet: 1. rustic - (an unsophisticated country person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommonMan, :HumanRole . :Rusting :en "rusting" ; :guid "be0119ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rust1v", "rust3v" ; :wordnet "rust" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which an artifact made of iron or an iron alloy rusts in air; this is an oxidation event. This is restricted to artifacts, and therefore can be classified as a 'DeteriorationEvent'. For the generic corrosion or etching that is not specifically rusting, use 'Corrosion'. CYC 'RustingProcess': The oxidation of an iron-based metal; rust is formed in the process. Corresponds closely to verb senses 1 and 3 of 'rust' in WordNet, but is restricted to oxidation of iron by air, whether or not accelerated by water or moisture: in WordNet: 1. (2) corrode, rust - (become destroyed by water, air, or an etching chemical such as an acid; 'The metal corroded'; 'The pipes rusted') 3. rust - (become coated with oxide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Corrosion, :Oxidation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rust ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IronAlloy ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Rustproof :isAnAttributeValueOf :MetalObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :Rusting ; :wnsense "rustproof1adj", "rustproofed1adj" ; :wordnet "rustproof", "rustproofed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Rustproof'' is a subtype of ''ResistantToCorrosion'' characterizing metal objects (usually those made of iron or steel) that 'resist' ''Rusting''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rustproof' in Wordnet: 1. rustproof, rustproofed - (treated against rusting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resistant . :Rusty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Rusting ; :wnsense "rusty1adj" ; :wordnet "rusty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'rusty' in Wordnet: 1. (3) rusty - (covered with or consisting of rust; 'a rusty machine'; 'rusty deposits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Ruthenium :guid "bd58d158-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "44"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ru1n", "ruthenium1n" ; :wordnet "Ru", "ruthenium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Ruthenium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ruthenium' in WordNet: 1. ruthenium, Ru, atomic number 44 - (a rare polyvalent metallic element of the platinum group; it is found associated with platinum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Ruthless :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Pity ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :Pity ; :isaValueOf :PersonalityTrait ; :wnsense "pitiless1adj", "remorseless1adj", "ruthless1adj", "unpitying1adj" ; :wordnet "pitiless", "remorseless", "ruthless", "unpitying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ruthless' is an AttributeValue of a Person that has little ''Pity'' for people who are harmed by hisher Actions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ruthless' in Wordnet: 1. (1) pitiless, remorseless, ruthless, unpitying - (without mercy or pity; 'an act of ruthless ferocity'; 'a monster of remorseless cruelty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competitive . :Rwanda :wnsense "Rwanda1n" ; :wordnet "Rwanda" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Rwanda' in WordNet: 1. Rwanda, Rwandese Republic, Ruanda - (a landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German colony) """ . a :Country . :SCUBA :guid "38dbd80c-acc7-41d7-92a4-b9fca5ee3a30" ; :wnsense "Aqua-Lung1n", "aqualung1n", "scuba1n" ; :wordnet "Aqua-Lung", "aqualung", "scuba" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subcollection of #$SelfContainedBreathingApparatus designed for underwater use, consisting of an air tank, hoses, and a scuba regulator. 'SCUBA' is an acronym for 'self-contained underwater breathing apparatus'. This is the complete apparatus, tanks, regulator, lines, and mouthpiece. The parts are not yet represented. CYC 'ScubaGear' might be useful. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scuba' in WordNet: 1. aqualung, Aqua-Lung, scuba - (a device (trade name Aqua-Lung) that lets divers breathe under water; scuba is an acronym for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreathingDevice . :SEXCODE_F :containsCodeString :SEX_F ; :isInList :SexCodes ; :representsType :FemaleSex ; a :Code ; rdfs:comment "A code for Female sex." . :SEXCODE_M :containsCodeString :SEX_M ; :isInList :SexCodes ; :representsType :MaleSex ; a :Code ; rdfs:comment "A code for Male sex." . :SEXCODE_f :containsCodeString :SEX_f ; :isInList :SexCodes ; :representsType :FemaleSex ; a :Code ; rdfs:comment "A code for Female sex." . :SEXCODE_m :containsCodeString :SEX_m ; :isInList :SexCodes ; :representsType :MaleSex ; a :Code ; rdfs:comment "A code for Male sex." . :SEX_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for the codes that identify the sex of an animal. common examples will be 'SEX_M' for 'MaleSex' or 'SEX_Female' for 'FemaleSex'.""" . :SEX_F :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :SexCodes ; :representsCode "F" ; :representsType :FemaleSex ; a :CodeString . :SEX_M :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :SexCodes ; :representsCode "M" ; :representsType :MaleSex ; a :CodeString . :SEX_f :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :SexCodes ; :representsCode "f" ; :representsType :FemaleSex ; a :CodeString . :SEX_m :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :SexCodes ; :representsCode "m" ; :representsType :MaleSex ; a :CodeString . :SOL_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for Solubility values. """ . :SPARQL-Query a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Type ''SPARQL-Query'' was created to allow a user to save a SPARQL query and not need to retype it repeatedly. The queries are saved as text in the 'query' section of the instance. Use the instance 'SQtemplate' to get an empty instance that can be copied to an instance with a different name. The add the text of the query to the comment field of that instance and save it. NOTE in order to avoid confusing the RDF parser, a left-bracket character in the query must be replaced by some innocuous character(s): a two-character LB will do (see instance 'WordNetLabels'). Then when the query is copied to the SPARQL query window, that LB needs to be replaced by the original left-bracket. """ . :SQRT2 :hasApproximateValue "1.4142135623730950488016887242096980785696"^^xsd:float ; a :PositiveRealNumber . :SQtemplate :query "" ; a :SPARQL-Query . :SR-WatchungCircularWeek20080524 :isanAbstractRepresentationOf :SR-WatchungPricesWeek20080524 ; a :AdvertisingCircular . :SR-WatchungPricesWeek20080524 a :PriceGroup . :SR20080524_3PoundsPerDollar :hasEndingTimePoint :Date20080601 ; :hasPriceValue :OneDollar ; :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; :hasQuantityUnit :ThreePounds ; :hasStartingTimePoint :Date20080524 ; :hasUnit :PoundsPerDollar ; :isOfferedByVendor :ShopRiteOfWatchung ; :offeredPriceAppearsIn :SR-WatchungCircularWeek20080524 ; a :PricePerUnit, :TimeSlice . :STR_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used for terms which represent instances of lexical strings. The use of this prefix is limited by the limitations on the kinds of characters that are allowed in names of OWL elements. But it allows reified Strings to be named perspicuously. For English words, the prefix 'ENG_' can be used, and may have a similar interpretation. """ . :SUMO a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to the SUMO term that is approximately synonymous with the entry.""" ; rdfs:label "SUMO term" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :Sabbath :wnsense "Sabbath1n" ; :wordnet "Sabbath" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'day of rest' mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and observed on different days by the three Abrahamic religions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sabbath' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Sabbath - (a day of rest and worship: Sunday for most Christians; Saturday for the Jews and a few Christians; Friday for Muslims) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day . :Sabotage :en "sabotaging", "subverting" ; :wnsense "sabotage1n", "sabotage1v", "subvert3v", "undermine1v" ; :wordnet "sabotage", "subvert", "undermine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any action taken with the intention and effect of hindering another Agent's actions. This is traditionally done by damaging equipment, but can also be done by providing false information into anyone able to help or hinder the Action being sabotaged. Corresponds to verbsense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'sabotage' in WordNet, but is not restricted to destruction of equipment. in WordNet: 1. sabotage, undermine, countermine, counteract, subvert, weaken - (destroy property or hinder normal operations; 'The Resistance sabotaged railroad operations during the war') WN noun 'sabotage': 1. (2) sabotage - (a deliberate act of destruction or disruption in which equipment is damaged) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HostileSocialAction, :Interfering . :Sac-Organic :guid "befdda1a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pocket8n", "pouch3n", "sac4n" ; :wordnet "pocket", "pouch", "sac" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Sac-Organic is a specialization of #$OrganismPart and #$Container. Each instance of #$Sac-Organic is a plant or animal membranous sac or bladder, whether or not it is still part of a living #$Organism-Whole. Instances of #$Sac-Organic have zero (some plant bladders), one (e.g. #$GallBladder), two (#$Stomach), or three (#$Bladder-Urinary) tubes attached for the flow of material into or out of the bladder. The bladder may used for storage of some material in the body, and possible processing thereof, or merely as a mechanism for separating structures (e.g. the #$Peritoneum). Any tubes connected to the bladder are of far smaller diameter than the bladder itself. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'sac' in WordNet: 4. sac - (a structure resembling a bag in an animal) WN noun 'pouch': 3. pouch, pocket - ((anatomy) saclike structure in any of various animals (as a marsupial or gopher or pelican)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :BodyCavity, :CavityWithWalls, :Container, :FlexibleObject, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pillowcase ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :Saccade :wnsense "saccade1n" ; :wordnet "saccade" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saccade' in WordNet: 1. saccade - (a rapid, jerky movement of the eyes between positions of rest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EyeMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Saccadic :pertainsTo :Saccade ; :wnsense "saccadic1adj" ; :wordnet "saccadic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'saccadic' in Wordnet: 1. saccadic - (of or related to the rapid movement of the eyes between points of fixation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Saccharin :guid "bd58a88f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C7H5NO3S ; :wnsense "saccharin1n" ; :wordnet "saccharin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Saccharin, a sweetening agent used in soft drinks and other prepared foods. RHW: a white, crystalline, slightly water-soluble powder, C7H5NO3S, produced synthetically, which in dilute solution is 500 times as sweet as sugar: its soluble sodium salt is used as a noncaloric sugar substitute in the manufacture of syrups, foods, and beverages. Also called benzosulfimide, gluside. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saccharin' in WordNet: 1. saccharin - (a crystalline substance 500 times sweeter than sugar; used as a calorie-free sweetener) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSweetener . :Saccharomyces :guid "bfa8422b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Saccharomyces1n" ; :wordnet "Saccharomyces" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Saccharomyces' in WordNet: 1. Saccharomyces, genus Saccharomyces - (single-celled yeasts that reproduce asexually by budding; used to ferment carbohydrates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fungus . :SaccharomycesCerevisiae :guid "c0c3de65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Saccharomyces cerevisiae1n", "baker's yeast1n", "brewer's yeast1n" ; :wordnet "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "baker's yeast", "brewer's yeast" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of yeasts (individual yeast organisms of various types, not the collection of types of yeasts). This is the yeast used for leavening bread and brewing beer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae' in WordNet: 1. baker's yeast, brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae - (used as a leaven in baking and brewing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakersYeast, :Saccharomyces . :Sack :wnsense "poke3n", "sack1n" ; :wordnet "poke", "sack" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bag'' that is large enough to hold more than ten pounds of some granular substance. This can be made of any flexible ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that can hold a powder, i.e. does not have pores larger than 0.01 mm, and if the substance to be held is of large grains, the pores may be larger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sack' and sense 3 of 'poke' in WordNet: 1. (1) sack, poke, paper bag, carrier bag - (a bag made of paper or plastic for holding customer's purchases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bag, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SackLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :SackLike a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of an object that consists mostly of one or more flexible SheetLike objects, shaped like a cylinder with an open (but possibly closable) top, and larger than a human hand. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :Sacking :wnsense "bagging1n", "sacking1n" ; :wordnet "bagging", "sacking" ; a :FabricType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sacking'' is any coarse Fabric used to make a ''bag'' or sack' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sacking' in WordNet: 1. sacking, bagging - (coarse fabric used for bags or sacks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coarse ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sacrament :isaRitualOfGroup :Christianity, :Christians ; :wnsense "sacrament1n" ; :wordnet "sacrament" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Sacrament'' represents the traditional formal Christian ceremonies that are expected to confer special 'grace' on the one receiving them. In Catholicism some are required at certain times. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sacrament' in WordNet: 1. (1) sacrament - (a formal religious ceremony conferring a specific grace on those who receive it; the two Protestant ceremonies are baptism and the Lord's Supper; in the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church there are seven traditional rites accepted as instituted by Jesus: baptism and confirmation and Holy Eucharist and penance and holy orders and matrimony and extreme unction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousCeremony, :Rite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Christians ; owl:onProperty :isaRitualOfGroup ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Christianity ; owl:onProperty :isaRitualOfGroup ] . :SacramentoRiver :guid "bd58e4a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "river of central California" . :SacredObject a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object that is reserved only for use in religious activities. Such objects can be concrete (a building, a chalice, an icon, a sacrificial animal) or abstract (words that can only be spoken in a particular place or rite). These are culture-specific, and sacred to adherents of some specific Religion. Most will be artifacts.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSacredTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :SacredText :guid "bed51ba7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "religious text1n", "religious writing1n", "sacred text1n", "sacred writing1n" ; :wordnet "religious text", "religious writing", "sacred text", "sacred writing" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SacredText' is the AbstractText representing some written material claimed or believed to have been written or inspired by a Deity. CYC: The collection of all texts that are sacred to adherents of a #$Religion. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sacred text' in WordNet: 1. sacred text, sacred writing, religious writing, religious text - (writing that is venerated for the worship of a deity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, :SacredObject, :TextualPCW, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Religion ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Sacrifice :wnsense "sacrifice2n" ; :wordnet "sacrifice" ; a :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sacrifice'' is anything given up or risked and lost, for the sake of something else considered valuable. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'sacrifice' in WOrdNet: 2. (1) sacrifice - (personnel that are sacrificed (e.g., surrendered or lost in order to gain an objective)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasLostInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sacrificing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sacrificed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sacrificed :ened "sacrificed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Sacrificing ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sacrificed'' is an AttributeValue of anything that has been relinqished for an important purpose, in an act of ''Sacrificing'. No WN sense """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Sacrificing :en "sacrificing" ; :wnsense "give16v", "sacrifice1v" ; :wordnet "give", "sacrifice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sacrificing'' is an intentional 'Relinquishing' for the purpose of achieving some valuable goal. This is broad, and the thing relinquished can be anything of monetary or sentimental value, including cherished ideas.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sacrifice' in WordNet: 1. (10) sacrifice, give - (endure the loss of; 'He gave his life for his children'; 'I gave two sons to the war') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PersonalLoss, :Relinquishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sacrificed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingLost ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sacrifice ] . :SacrificingToaDeity :wnsense "sacrifice4v" ; :wordnet "sacrifice" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SacrificingToaDeity'' is a ''LosingSomething'' as an act of Wordship. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'sacrifice' in WordNet: 4. sacrifice - (make a sacrifice of; in religious rituals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LosingSomething, :OfferingSomethingToaDeity . :SacroIliacJoint :en "sacroiliac", "sacroiliac joint" ; :guid "be21d1ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'sacroiliac': 1. the joint where the sacrum and ilium meet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Joint-AnimalBodyPart . :Sacrum :guid "be604a9c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sacrum1n" ; :wordnet "sacrum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sacrum' in WordNet: 1. sacrum - (wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; its base connects with the lowest lumbar vertebra and its tip with the coccyx) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vertebra, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinalColumn ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Sad :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Sadness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Happy ; :ldoce "sad" ; :wnsense "sad1adj" ; :wordnet "sad" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Sadness. This is a more specific feeling than the more general unhappiness. Sadness is usually brought on by a specific event and directed toward that event, but may be a general feeling. Corresponds to adjsective sense 1 of 'sad' in WordNet: 1. (9) sad - - (experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness; 'feeling sad because his dog had died'; 'Better by far that you should forget and smile / Than that you should remember and be sad'- Christina Rossetti) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unhappy . :Saddened :en "saddened" ; :enadj "saddened" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SaddeningaPerson ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Saddened'' is an attribute of a Person who is ''Sad'' because of some specific Event that causes the sadness, rather than some internal mental processes whose origins are indeterminate. 'Deeply saddened by the death of her favorite cat.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Sad . :Saddening :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Sadness ; :wnsense "depressing2adj", "depressive1adj", "gloomy1adj", "saddening1adj" ; :wordnet "depressing", "depressive", "gloomy", "saddening" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Saddening'' is a property of a ''SaddeningaPerson'' Event, as well as certain Events not categorized in that way. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'saddening' in WordNet: 1. depressing, depressive, gloomy, saddening - (causing or suggestive of sorrow or gloom; 'a gloomy outlook'; 'gloomy news') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmful . :SaddeningaPerson :wnsense "sadden1v" ; :wordnet "sadden" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SaddeningaPerson'' is any Event that causes ''Sadness'' in a Person. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sadden' in WordNet: 1. (1) sadden - (make unhappy; 'The news of her death saddened me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sadness ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Saddle :guid "c0fbdb2c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "saddle1n" ; :wordnet "saddle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """What one usually sits on when one rides a horse. COSMO note: what's on a camel? SUMO: A Device which allows a Human to ride on a Horse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saddle' in Wordnet: 1. (14) saddle - (a seat for the rider of a horse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :HexalateralObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :SeatingDevice, :StableGear, :WearableItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quadruped ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quadruped ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :SaddleHorse :wnsense "mount1n", "riding horse1n", "saddle horse1n" ; :wordnet "mount", "riding horse", "saddle horse" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SaddleHorse'' is a ''Horse'' that has been broken (tamed) and trained to accept riders riding on a saddle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saddle horse' in WordNet: 1. saddle horse, riding horse, mount - (a lightweight horse kept for riding only) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Horse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gentle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trained ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sadness :guid "bd58b4c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sadness1n", "sadness2n" ; :wordnet "sadness" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Sadness is some agent's feeling of unhappiness. Instances of #$Sadness vary depending on the intensity of the feeling, the subject experiencing the feeling, or the cause of the feeling. Notable specializations of #$Sadness include #$Grief, #$Despair, and #$Misery. Includes noun senses 1 and 2of 'sadness' in Wordnet: 1. (2) sadness, unhappiness - (emotions experienced when not in a state of well-being) 2. sadness, sorrow, sorrowfulness - (the state of being sad; 'she tired of his perpetual sadness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unhappiness . :Safe :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Safety ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dangerous, :Unsafe ; :ldoce "safe" ; :wnsense "safe1adj", "secure2adj" ; :wordnet "safe", "secure" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of situations or things or locations that are not Dangerous. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'safe' and sense 2 of 'secure' in WordNet: 1. (26) safe - (free from danger or the risk of harm; 'a safe trip'; 'you will be safe here'; 'a safe place'; 'a safe bet') WN adj. 'secure' 2. (2) secure - (free from danger or risk; 'secure from harm'; 'his fortune was secure'; 'made a secure place for himself in his field') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RiskFree . :Safely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Safe ; :wnsense "safely1adv" ; :wordnet "safely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Safely'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify ''Action''s to indicate that behavior was performed in a 'safe' manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'safely' in WordNet: 1. (6) safely - (with safety; in a safe manner; 'we are safely out of there') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Safeness :wnsense "safeness1n" ; :wordnet "safeness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Safeness'' is the ' ''PersistentState'' of some situation, object, or location that is''Safe''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'safeness' in WordNet: 1. safeness - (the quality of being safe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PersistentState, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Safe ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Safety :isTheAbsenceOf :DangerousSituation ; :ldoce "safety" ; :wnsense "safety1n", "security1n" ; :wordnet "safety", "security" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState characterized as the absence of danger (the absence of a DangerousSituation). This state is only relative to certain Objects that can be harmed - other objects might not be safe in the same situation. @ToDo: need to specify the object(s) that are 'safe'?? (''hasSubjectOfState''). This corresponds to sense 1 of 'safety', including WN sense 1 of 'security' in WordNet: 1. (13) safety - (the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions; 'insure the safety of the children'; 'the reciprocal of safety is risk') WN sense 1 of 'security' 1. (304) security - (the state of being free from danger or injury; 'we support the armed services in the name of national security') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DangerousSituation ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Safe ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Safe ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :SafetyPin :ldoce "safety pin" ; :wnsense "safety pin1n" ; :wordnet "safety pin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pin that is curved around in a roughly oval shape (in contrast to a StraightPin) and has a head so that the sharp end of the Pin is not exposed when it is used as intended; a type of fastener often used to attach things to a piee of cloth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'safety pin' in WordNet: 1. safety pin - (a pin in the form of a clasp; has a guard so the point of the pin will not stick the user) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedLoopObject, :CurvedObject, :Fastener, :Pin . :SafetySeatBelt :guid "bd588b0f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "seat belt1n", "seatbelt1n" ; :wordnet "seat belt", "seatbelt" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Seat belts used in airplanes, cars and other transportation vehicles, to secure one in their seat, as a safety measure. The seat belts on infant seats, baby strollers, etc., are included in this unit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seat belt' in WordNet: 1. seat belt, seatbelt - (a safety belt used in a car or plane to hold you in your seat in case of an accident) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :MechanicalDevice, :VehiclePart . :Saffron :guid "bd58b457-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "saffron2n" ; :wordnet "saffron" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Spice derived from the pistil of crocuses, used in cooking, i.e. to spice up rice dishes. Condiment? Spice? Seasoning? RHW: 2. an orange-colored condiment consisting of its dried stigmas, used to color and flavor foods. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'saffron' in WordNet: 2. saffron - (dried pungent stigmas of the Old World saffron crocus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment, :Spice . :Saga :wnsense "saga1n" ; :wordnet "saga" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saga' in WordNet: 1. (2) saga - (a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdventureStory . :Sage :wnsense "sage1n" ; :wordnet "sage" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Sage' is a subtype of 'Person', one having 'Wiseness', the abilty to reach sound conclusions in various situations, social and otherwise. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sage'in WordNet (no other word seems to fit the notion of a 'wise person': in WordNet: 1. (1) sage - (a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wiseness ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wisdom ; owl:onProperty :knows ] . :Sagging :wnsense "droop1v", "flag3v", "sag1v", "swag1v" ; :wordnet "droop", "flag", "sag", "swag" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sag' in WordNet: 1. (5) sag, droop, swag, flag - (droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeChange . :Sagittal :wnsense "sagittal1adj" ; :wordnet "sagittal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sagittal' in Wordnet: 1. sagittal - (located in a plane that is parallel to the central plane of the sagittal suture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyLocationAttribute . :Sail :guid "be01121c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :Sailboat ; :isUsedBy :Sailboat ; :ldoce "sail" ; :wnsense "sail1n" ; :wordnet "sail" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sail of a sailboat, sailboard, or other wind-powered transportation vehicle. In Cyc called 'Sail-Device' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sail' in WordNet: 1. (1) sail, canvas, canvass, sheet - - (a large piece of fabric (usually canvas fabric) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :FabricObject, :HumanScaleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sailboat ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Sailboat :guid "bd58d6f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "boat" ; :uses :Rigging, :Sail ; :wnsense "boat1n", "sailboat1n", "sailing ship1n" ; :wordnet "boat", "sailboat", "sailing ship" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this includes sailing vessels of *any* size, not just small ones. Cyc: Boats powered mainly by lift or push from wind passing over or into their sails. Includes but is not limited to WordNet sense 1 of 'sailboat' - in COSMO a sailboat can be of any size; includes sense 1 of 'sailing ship' and part of sense 1 of 'boat' in WordNet: 1. sailboat, sailing boat - (a small sailing vessel; usually with a single mast) WN 'boat': 1. (14) boat - (a small vessel for travel on water) WN 'sailing ship': 1. sailing vessel, sailing ship - (a vessel that is powered by the wind; often having several masts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boat, :Vessel, :Watercraft-Surface, :WindPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sail ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigging ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Sailing :ldoce "sail" ; :wnsense "sail1v", "sail3v", "sailing1n" ; :wordnet "sail", "sailing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sailing' is the Action of controlling a sail-powered boat - whether large or small. Participating in the control, as a crew member, counts as an instance of this type, but just being a passenger does not. For traveling in a sail-powered boat, whether as passenger or crew member, use 'RidingInaSailboat'. In order for an agent to be 'Sailing' the agent must be in the boat - remote control is not included; therefore each instance of 'Sailing' is also an instance of 'RidingInaSailboat'. For the generic sense of 'sailing' meaning to travel on the ocean in a boat (not necessarily a sailboat), use 'SeaVoyage'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sailing' in WordNet, and part of verb sense 1 of 'sail': in WordNet: 1. (2) seafaring, navigation, sailing - (the work of a sailor) WN verb 'sail': 1. (13) sail - - (traverse or travel by ship on (a body of water); 'We sailed the Atlantic'; 'He sailed the Pacific all alone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingATransportationDevice, :RidingInaSailboat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sailboat ] . :SailingShip :uses :Rigging, :Sail ; :wnsense "sailing ship1n", "sailing vessel1n" ; :wordnet "sailing ship", "sailing vessel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large sailing vessel, having more than one sail. in WordNet: WN 'sailing ship': 1. sailing vessel, sailing ship - (a vessel that is powered by the wind; often having several masts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sailboat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sail ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigging ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Sailor :CYC "CrewMemberOnShip" ; :guid "bd589cf3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "be0205d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "crewman1n", "sailor1n", "sailor2n" ; :wordnet "crewman", "sailor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Sailor is a Person (male or female) who (at the time of reference) is formally considered a member of the crew (at any level of authority) of some vessel, which is a ship. CYC: 'CrewMemberOnShip'. SUMO: The class of Positions which involve working on a ship, whether a merchant ship or a navy ship. NOTE: for Male sailors Navy or civilian use subtype ''Seaman''. NOTE: for Navy men crew members specifically use subtype ''NavyMan''. Corresponds to (but includes females) noun senses 1 of 'sailor' in WordNet: 1. (3) sailor, crewman - (any member of a ship's crew) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :SkilledWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ship ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShipCrew ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :SailorCap :guid "be01e26b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sailor cap1n" ; :wordnet "sailor cap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sailor cap' in WordNet: 1. sailor cap - (a cap worn by sailors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cap . :Saint :guid "c100963b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "saint1n" ; :wordnet "saint" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Saint'' is a ''HolyPerson'' who has died and has been formally 'canonized' (formally declared to be a ''Saint'') by some religious authority, most commonly by the Roman Catholic Church.. Many Religious people assume that the soul of a ''Saint'' survives death, and they may direct prayers to the ''Saint'' to request their spiritual help in achieving something. CYC: An individual especially recognized within a religion for his/her holiness, intuitive religious understanding, visions, good works (including miracles, in Roman Catholicism), martyrdom or other evidence of close relation to God. Interestingly, one is often not recognized as a saint until after one dies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saint' in WordNet: 1. (3) saint - (a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HolyPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dead ; owl:onProperty :hasVitalityAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saintly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SaintKittsAndNevis a :Country . :SaintLawrenceRiver :flowsInto :AtlanticOcean ; :guid "bd58f80b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the principal rivers of the world" . :SaintLucia a :Country . :SaintVincentAndTheGrenadines a :Country . :Saintliness :wnsense "saintliness1n" ; :wordnet "saintliness" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saintliness' in WordNet: 1. saintliness - (the quality of resembling a saint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saintly ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Saintly :isAnAttributeValueOf :HolyPerson, :Saint ; :wnsense "angelic1adj", "angelical3adj", "beatific2adj", "sainted1adj", "saintlike1adj", "saintly1adj" ; :wordnet "angelic", "angelical", "beatific", "sainted", "saintlike", "saintly" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: some of these terms might be in different synsets. @ToDo. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'saintly' in Wordnet: 1. angelic, angelical, beatific, saintlike, saintly, sainted - (marked by utter benignity; resembling or befitting an angel or saint; 'angelic beneficence'; 'a beatific smile'; 'a saintly concern for his fellow men'; 'my sainted mother') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Holy . :Sake :en "sakes" ; :wnsense "interest3n", "sake1n" ; :wordnet "interest", "sake" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sake'' is a kind of ''Benefit'' that is perceived as one (perhaps of several) motivation for an agent to act. People may do things 'for the sake of *X*' where *X* can be another agent's well-being, or some Situation that is considered a ''GoodThing'' by the agent doing the action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sake' in WordNet: 1. (10) sake, interest - (a reason for wanting something done; 'for your sake'; 'died for the sake of his country'; 'in the interest of safety'; 'in the common interest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Helpful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPurposeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ] . :Salad :wnsense "salad1n" ; :wordnet "salad" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoodObject'' that is a mixture (informal use - not a substance) consisting of at least one ''VegetableFoodObject'' and some qantity of ''SaladDressing''. A ''Salad'' is a ''CourseOfAMeal'' (though sometimes eaten as the only part of a Meal), that consists mostly of vegetables, though sometimes meat is added. The 'salads' like chicken salad and ham salad and Tuna saladthat consist mostly of meat or fish with mayonnaise and other taste enhancers are *not* included here - perhaps 'MayonnaiseBasedSalad' ?? Perhaps a generic SaladSubstance could be defined?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salad' in WordNet: 1. (1) salad - (food mixtures either arranged on a plate or tossed and served with a moist dressing; usually consisting of or including greens) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourseOfAMeal, :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VegetableFoodObject ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SaladDressing ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :SaladDressing :wnsense "dressing1n", "salad dressing1n" ; :wordnet "dressing", "salad dressing" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that OliveOil could be used as a dressing - but in that case it would be a Role - so at 'OliveOIl' the relation ''mayFillTheRoleOf'' is used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dressing' in WordNet: 1. dressing, salad dressing - (savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sauce . :Salamander :guid "bd58cdba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "salamander1n" ; :wordnet "salamander" ; a :BeastType, :SpawnerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salamander' in WordNet: 1. (1) salamander - (any of various typically terrestrial amphibians that resemble lizards and that return to water only to breed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amphibian . :Salami :guid "bd5f988f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "salami1n" ; :wordnet "salami" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a salty sausage - often used as luncheon meat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salami' in WordNet: 1. salami - (highly seasoned fatty sausage of pork and beef usually dried) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sausage . :SaleEvent :ldoce "sale" ; :wnsense "sale4n" ; :wordnet "sale" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SaleEvent is an instance of 'Selling' in which the seller reduces the price of one or more items from some previous higher price, usually for some limited period of time. This is not an instance of 'Selling', but in essence an offering to sell, at a presumed discounted price, over some period of time. A 'SaleEvent' tends to cause people to buy more than otherwise, so is related to 'Buying' by the 'causes' (i.e.often causes) relation. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'sale' in WordNet: WN 'sale': 4. (25) sale, cut-rate sale, sales event - - (an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices; 'they held a sale to reduce their inventory'; 'I got some great bargains at their annual sale') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuyingRelatedActivity, :OfferingForSale, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Buying ] . :Sales :wnsense "gross revenue1n", "gross sales1n", "sales1n" ; :wordnet "gross revenue", "gross sales", "sales" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'I'Sales'' is the total of ''PaymentAmounts;; received as ''Income'' that are received in some particular time interval by an enterprise (business) due to ''Selling'' some product or service, without any offsets or deductions for costs of operation Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sales' in WordNet: 1. gross sales, gross revenue, sales - (income (at invoice values) received for goods and services over some given period of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Revenue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Selling ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gross-NoDeductions ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SalesActivity :guid "bd588fd2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marketing1n", "merchandising1n", "selling1n" ; :wordnet "marketing", "merchandising", "selling" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of actions and a specialization of #$BusinessEvent and #$CommercialActivity. Each instance of #$SalesActivity is an action performed in an effort to achieve a sale to a second agent. Examples of #$SalesActivity include #$Advertising, telemarketing, showing samples and/or actual products to customers in a show room or a store. Instances of #$SalesActivity which are successful lead to corresponding instances of #$Buying. Note: #$SalesActivity does NOT include manufacturing, accounting, and other such ancillary business activities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'selling' in WordNet: 1. (9) selling, merchandising, marketing - (the exchange of goods for an agreed sum of money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :CommercialActivity . :SalesPerson :guid "bd589baf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sales rep1n", "sales representative1n", "salesperson1n" ; :wordnet "sales rep", "sales representative", "salesperson" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$SalesPerson is someone whose principal job activity is negotiating with potential buyers, finding out what they want, describing what is available, taking orders, etc. This collection includes door-to-door salespeople, Avon reprentatives, new and used car salespeople, sales representatives for the product lines of large industrial companies, and store clerks working on a sales commission. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salesperson' in Wordnet: 1. salesperson, sales representative, sales rep - (a person employed to represent a business and to sell its merchandise (as to customers in a store or to customers who are visited)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson, :Vendor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SellingActivity ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Salesman :wnsense "salesman1n" ; :wordnet "salesman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salesman' in WordNet: 1. (20) salesman - (a man salesperson) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man, :SalesPerson . :Salient :isTheOppositeOf :Routine ; :wnsense "outstanding2adj", "prominent1adj", "salient1adj", "spectacular3adj", "striking2adj" ; :wordnet "outstanding", "prominent", "salient", "spectacular", "striking" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - events, properties, or objects - that are worthy of paying attention to because they are often (but not always) important or at least interesting to intelligent agents. This is an attribute that can be used to mark things that an agent should keep in mind. No WN adj sense for 'standout'; in RHW the adj def is: outstanding; superior. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'salient' in Wordnet: 1. (3) outstanding, prominent, salient, spectacular, striking - (having a quality that thrusts itself into attention; 'an outstanding fact of our time is that nations poisoned by anti semitism proved less fortunate in regard to their own freedom'; 'a new theory is the most prominent feature of the book'; 'salient traits'; 'a spectacular rise in prices'; 'a striking thing about Picadilly Circus is the statue of Eros in the center'; 'a striking resemblance between parent and child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :SalientBadEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event which is sufficiently harmful to someone to be of interest to the builder or user of the ontology - a subjective judgment.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SalientBookPage :en "page of interest", "salient book page" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SalientBookPage'' is a ''BookPage''that is of sufficient interest to a reader to cause that reader to put a ''Bookmark'' at that page. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BookPage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Interesting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SalientCharacteristic a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A salient and distinguishing AttributeValue." ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :SalientEvent :wnsense "incident1n" ; :wordnet "incident" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SalientEvent'' is an ''Event'' that is in some way notable, and worthy of comment. This is very broad. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incident' in WordNet: 1. (22) incident - (a single distinct event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SalientGoodEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event which is sufficiently beneficial to someone to be of interest to the builder or user of the ontology - a subjective judgment..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SalientPart a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SalientPart'' is a proper part of a Thing (of any type) that has some characteristic(s) or attribute(s) that would cause a ''IntentionalAgent'' to notice it, i.e. would draw the attention of an ''IntentionalAgent''. It should have a 'SalientCharacteristic' Example: ''highlight'' is ''Highlighted'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part ; owl:disjointWith :WholeThing . :SalientThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event or object which is unusual enough to warrant attention when it is noticed. This is very broad: examples are Landmarks. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :RoutineThing . :Saliva :wnsense "saliva1n", "spit2n", "spittle1n" ; :wordnet "saliva", "spit", "spittle" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The fluid secreted from the salivary glands of the mouth. This is the substance that is expelled in ''Spitting''. NOTe that 'spit' is a synonm, though it may be used in the sense of the substance after being spit from the mouth. Leave as synonm for now, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saliva' and sense 2 of 'spit' in WordNet: 1. (2) saliva, spit, spittle - (a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSubstance, :AqueousSolution, :BodyFluid, :ExcretionSubstance, :Secretion-Bodily, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salivating ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByEvent ] . :Salivating :eng "salivating" ; :guid "bd58c48f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "salivate1v", "salivation1n" ; :wordnet "salivate", "salivation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$Salivating event, an #$Animal secretes #$Saliva from its #$SalivaryGlands. #$Salivating is a natural bodily function, occurring in the #$Mouth. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'salivate' in WordNet: 1. (1) salivate - (produce saliva; 'We salivated when he described the great meal') WN noun 'salivation': 1. salivation - (the secretion of saliva) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, :SecretionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saliva ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ] . :Salmon :guid "bd58bcee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "salmon1n" ; :wordnet "salmon" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salmon' in WordNet: 1. (1) salmon - (any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fish . :SalmonColor :guid "fafead5a-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "salmon1adj" ; :wordnet "salmon" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'salmon' in WordNet: 1. pink-orange, pinkish-orange, salmon - (of orange tinged with pink) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pinkish . :Salon :wnsense "salon1n" ; :wordnet "salon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Salon'' is a subype of ''ArtGallery'' in WN. The distinction is not clear. This type reproduces the WN hierarchy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salon' in WordNet: 1. (2) salon - (gallery where works of art can be displayed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtGallery . :Salsa :wnsense "salsa1n" ; :wordnet "salsa" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"Onions-Foodstuff\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salsa' in WordNet: 1. salsa - (spicy sauce of tomatoes and onions and chili peppers to accompany Mexican foods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TomatoBasedSauce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Onions ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChiliPeppers ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hot-Spicy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Salt :ldoce "salt" ; :wnsense "salt1n" ; :wordnet "salt" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance in which an acidic hydrogen has been replaced by a metal ion, or another positive ion (such as ammonium) that behaves somewhat like a metal ion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salt' in WordNet: 1. (26) salt - - (a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance . :SaltLake :en "salt lake" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A lake with an unusually high concentration of salts , such as the Great Salt lake or the Dead Sea.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lake, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water-Saline ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SaltShaker :guid "bd588a8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "salt shaker1n", "saltshaker1n" ; :wordnet "salt shaker", "saltshaker" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container for storing and dispensing table salt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salt shaker' in WordNet: 1. saltshaker, salt shaker - (a shaker with a perforated top for sprinkling salt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodVessel, :ShakerDispenser, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TableSalt ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :SaltWaterArea :isaSynonymOf :BodyOfSaltWater ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SUMO term approximately equivalent to 'BodyOfSaltWater'. For spatial regions coinciding with bodies of water, use 'WaterRegion'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :SaltyTasting :guid "757031d6-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "salt2adj", "salty3adj" ; :wordnet "salt", "salty" ; a :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'salty' in Wordnet: 3. salty, salt - (one of the four basic taste sensations; like the taste of sea water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteAttribute . :Salubrious :wnsense "good for you1adj", "healthful1adj", "healthy3adj", "salubrious1adj" ; :wordnet "good for you", "healthful", "healthy", "salubrious" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective sense 1 of 'salubrious' and sense 1 of 'healthful' in Wordnet: 1. (1) healthy, salubrious, good for you - (promoting health; healthful; 'a healthy diet'; 'clean healthy air'; 'plenty of healthy sleep'; 'healthy and normal outlets for youthful energy'; 'the salubrious mountain air and water'- C.B.Davis; 'carrots are good for you') WN adj 'healthful': 1. (2) healthful - (conducive to good health of body or mind; 'a healthful climate'; 'a healthful environment'; 'healthful nutrition'; 'healthful sleep'; 'Dickens's relatively healthful exuberance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :Salutary :isTheOppositeOf :Harmful ; :wnsense "beneficial2adj", "good18adj", "salutary1adj" ; :wordnet "beneficial", "good", "salutary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Salutary'' is an attribute of situations, or events or Actions that can at least potentially improve the financial or physical or emotional well being of some Agent. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'salutary' in Wordnet: 2. (1) beneficial, good, salutary - (tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health; 'beneficial effects of a balanced diet'; 'a good night's sleep'; 'the salutary influence of pure air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Good, :Salient, :Useful . :Saluting :eng "saluting" ; :guid "c10addb8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "salute6v" ; :wordnet "salute" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A gesture indicating respect. In the US Military, placing the index finger side of the flattened right hand to the brow is the salute used. NOte: this is a subtpe of ''Touching'' because the hand of the saluter touches his/her head as part of the gesture. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'salute' in WordNet: 6. salute, present - (recognize with a gesture prescribed by a military regulation; assume a prescribed position; 'When the officers show up, the soldiers have to salute') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAGesture, :Touching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Respect ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :Salvation :en "saving from sin" ; :enn "saving from sin" ; :wnsense "deliver8v", "redeem1v", "redemption1n", "salvation1n", "save7v" ; :wordnet "deliver", "redeem", "redemption", "salvation", "save" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Salvation'' is a specifically religious type of ''Rescuing'' in which a Person (or its soul) is redeemed/delivered/preserved/saved/rescued from the potential punishment (the eternal damnation of Hell inflicted by God on those who have displeased Him by sinning. This causes a Person/soul to lie eternally in Heaven in a state of eternal ''Bliss''. This is the act of Salvation; the resulting state is represented as ''EternalLife'' but should be ''EternalBliss''. This is a religious concept prominent among Christian believers, though eternal damnation is not considered likely by all believers. NOTE: this sense of 'salvation' is for the avoidance of damnation at the time of death and after. avoiding sins while a Person is stil alive wold be a different concept. RHW:4. Theol. deliverance from the power and penalty of sin; redemption. What a Person must do (if anything) to merit this boon is vigorously debated among Christian subgroups. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'salvation' in WordNet: 1. (10) redemption, salvation - ((Christianity) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil) WN verb 'save': 7. (2) deliver, redeem, save - (save from sins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rescuing, :Saving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GodTheCreator ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Soul ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Damnation ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Damnation ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bliss ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EternalLife ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :Soul :PersonType :GroupOfPeople :GroupType ) ] ] . :Samarium :guid "bd630e78-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "62"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Sm1n", "samarium1n" ; :wordnet "Sm", "samarium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of samarium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'samarium' in WordNet: 1. samarium, Sm, atomic number 62 - (a grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :RareEarthElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Samarkand :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :SamarkandArea ; :isLocatedAt :Uzbekistan ; a :City . :SamarkandArea :isSmallerThan :UzbekistanArea ; a :CityRegion . :Same :en "equally" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :Distinguishing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Different ; :ldoce "same" ; :wnsense "identical1adj", "indistinguishable1adj", "same2adj", "same3adj" ; :wordnet "identical", "indistinguishable", "same" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Same' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that is used to compare attributes of individuals (including appearance or class or type membership) that are close in value, though the individuals are different (not identical). 'Same' implies a degree of similarity in some attribute such that the 'Same' attributes are almost indistinguishable on casual observation; so this is more specific than 'Similarity'. For asserting that two different descriptions refer to the same individual, use 'Identical'. NOTE: This is for qualitative attributes; for quantiative comparisons,the attribute ''Equal'' should be used. 'never made the same mistake twice' is represented as 'Same' rather than 'Identical' because the mistakes are (or would be) different Events ' this means 'the same type of mistake'.. This corresponds approximately to (parts of) adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'same' and sense 1 of 'identical' in WordNet: 2. (80) same - - (closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree; 'curtains the same color as the walls'; 'two girls of the same age'; 'mother and son have the same blue eyes'; 'animals of the same species'; 'the same rules as before'; 'two boxes having the same dimensions'; 'the same day next year') 3. (20) like, equal, equivalent, same - - (equal in amount or value; 'like amounts'; 'equivalent amounts'; 'the same amount'; 'gave one six blows and the other a like number'; 'an equal number'; 'the same number') WN 'identical': 1. (12) identical, indistinguishable - - (exactly alike; incapable of being perceived as different; 'rows of identical houses'; 'cars identical except for their license plates'; 'they wore indistinguishable hats') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equivalent . :Same-Sex :en "same-sex" ; :enadj "same-sex" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Same-SexCouple, :TwoFemalePeople, :TwoMalePeople ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Same-Sex'' is the attribute of a ''Same-SexCouple'' and of any other Group of Animals that are of the same sex. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Same-SexCouple :en "same-sex couple" ; :enn "same-sex couple" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Same-SexCouple'' is a ''Pair'' of people who have the same sex: two males or two females. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoupleOfPeople . :Samoa :hasISO3166_Digraph "WS" ; :wnsense "Samoa1n" ; :wordnet "Samoa" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Samoa' in WordNet: 1. Samoa, Independent State of Samoa, Western Samoa, Samoa i Sisifo - (a constitutional monarchy on the western part of the islands of Samoa in the South Pacific) """ . :SamoyedDog :guid "bfdcf3e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Samoyed1n", "Samoyede1n" ; :wordnet "Samoyed", "Samoyede" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of medium-sized, usually white, biscuit, or cream colored dogs with dark eyes. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'samoyed' in WordNet: 3. Samoyed, Samoyede - (Siberian breed of white or cream dog of the spitz family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingDog . :SampleOfSubstance :wnsense "sample1n", "sample3n" ; :wordnet "sample" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SampleOfSubstance'' is an ''ObjectConsistingOfSubstance'' that is taken from a larger ''ObjectConsistingOfSubstance'' as a representative portion that can allow testing to determine some property(s) of that larger ''ObjectConsistingOfSubstance''. This includes a 'taste' of wine to determine if it is satisfactory for consumption, and a ''ClinicalSpecimen'' taken for testing in a ''HealthCareEvent''. Approximately includes both noun senses 1 and 3 of 'sample' in WordNet, though the WN glosses are somewhat ambiguous = this is not necesarily a 'natural' object, it could be artifactual, such as a sample of some substance prepared for commercial use.: in WordNet: 1. (59) sample - (a small part of something intended as representative of the whole) 3. sample - (all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, :PhysicalPartOfObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance ] . :SanMarino a :Country . :Sanctifying :wnsense "bless4v", "consecrate4adj", "hallow1n", "sanctify1v" ; :wordnet "bless", "consecrate", "hallow", "sanctify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Religious Rite that declares something ''Holy''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sanctify' in WordNet: 1. consecrate, bless, hallow, sanctify - (render holy by means of religious rites) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronouncement, :Rite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authority ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ; owl:someValuesFrom :Holy ] . :Sanctimonious :wnsense "holier-than-thou1n", "pharisaic1adj", "pharisaical1adj", "pietistic2adj", "pietistical2n", "sanctimonious1adj", "self-righteous1adj" ; :wordnet "holier-than-thou", "pharisaic", "pharisaical", "pietistic", "pietistical", "sanctimonious", "self-righteous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of People who believe they are better or holier than others they are addressing. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sanctimonious' in Wordnet: 1. holier-than-thou, pietistic, pietistical, pharisaic, pharisaical, sanctimonious, self-righteous - (excessively or hypocritically pious; 'a sickening sanctimonious smile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrogant . :Sanction :wnsense "countenance2n", "endorsement3n", "imprimatur1n", "indorsement3n", "sanction1n", "warrant3n" ; :wordnet "countenance", "endorsement", "imprimatur", "indorsement", "sanction", "warrant" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sanction' in WordNet: 1. (2) sanction, countenance, endorsement, indorsement, warrant, imprimatur - (formal and explicit approval; 'a Democrat usually gets the union's endorsement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationObject, :Permission . :Sanctioning :en "sanctioning" ; :wnsense "sanction1v" ; :wordnet "sanction" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sanctioning'' is a form of 'ExpressingApproval'' in which one IntelligentAgent who *could* prevent or hinder an action by a second ''IntelligentAgent'' informs the second agent that the action can be performed without the first agents's interference, or in some cases, with the first agent's assistance. *NOTE* that this is almos the opposite of the alternative sense of 'sanction', being a punishment for doing something not approved. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sanction' in WordNet: 1. (6) approve, O.K., okay, sanction - (give sanction to; 'I approve of his educational policies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingApproval, :GrantingPermission, :Informing, :LinguisticCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sanction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :Sanctuary :wnsense "asylum1n", "refuge3n", "sanctuary2n" ; :wordnet "asylum", "refuge", "sanctuary" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sanctuary'' is a ''Refuge'' (safe place) that is a Structure. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'refuge' in WordNet: 3. refuge, sanctuary, asylum - (a shelter from danger or hardship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refuge, :ShelterConstruction . :Sand :consistsOfManyOf :GrainOfSand ; :guid "bd58857f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sand1n" ; :wordnet "sand" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'SandMob'. Note that 'sand' is a granular natural mineral usually derived from rocks, but the composition can vary widely. On Pacific islands, the white sand may be derived from pulverized coral, but more typically 'Sand' is largely made of quartz. Ground glass made of pellets, even if of the of the proper grain size, would not be natural and would not be included in this type. Cyc: An instances of #$TangibleStuffStateType, and a specialization of #$Soil-Generic. Each instance of #$SandMob is a portion of loose granular material that results from the disintegration of rocks, consisting of particles smaller than gravel but coarser than silt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sand' in WordNet: 1. (10) sand - (a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :LandStuff, :NaturalTangibleStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quartz ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :SandBox :en "sand box" ; :wnsense "sandbox2n" ; :wordnet "sandbox" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SandBox'' is an open-top shallow box-like container filled with ''Sand'' in which a child can play.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sandbox' in WordNet: 2. sandbox, sandpile - (plaything consisting of a pile of sand or a box filled with sand for children to play in) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpenTopContainer, :Plaything, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sand ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepipedLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "90"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters ] . :SandDune :wnsense "dune1n", "sand dune1n" ; :wordnet "dune", "sand dune" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SandDune' is a large Pile of Sand that has been arranged into pyramidal or ridge shapes by the force of the wind. This is a ''Drift'' that was caused by a ''Drifting'' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dune' in WordNet: 1. (1) dune, sand dune - (a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drift, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sand ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SandTrap :wnsense "bunker1n", "sand trap1n", "trap8n" ; :wordnet "bunker", "sand trap", "trap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SandTrap'' is a ''GolfCourseHazard'' consisting of a deression filled, with sand where driving the ball is more difficult than on the fairway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sand trap' in WordNet: 1. bunker, sand trap, trap - (a hazard on a golf course) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GolfCourseHazard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationEvent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Sandal :ennp "sandals" ; :guid "bd588f29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sandal1n" ; :wordnet "sandal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Light shoes worn in warm weather, with strapped upper, without a heel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandal' in WordNet: 1. (3) sandal - (a shoe consisting of a sole fastened by straps to the foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shoe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rubber ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShoeSole ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strap ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comfortable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Casual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShoeHeel ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ] . :Sandglass :wnsense "sandglass1n" ; :wordnet "sandglass" ; a :ContainerType, :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Functions by first doing an ''InvertingSomething'' action on the ''Sandglass'' whose container is vertically symmetrical, thus causing the ''GranularSubstance'' that had flowed to the bottom part to be in the top part, and to start flowing to the bottom part. This needs some detailed representation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandglass' in WordNet: 1. sandglass - (timepiece in which the passage of time is indicated by the flow of sand from one transparent container to another through a narrow passage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Timepiece, :VerticallySymmetricalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimeDuration ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GranularSubstance ; owl:onProperty :contains ] . :SandingSomething :wnsense "sand1v", "sandpaper1v" ; :wordnet "sand", "sandpaper" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SandingSomething'' is a ''Smoothening'' action in which ''Sandpaper'' is rubbed on a surface (usually wood) to make it smoother. There are degrees of fineness for the sandpaper, resultng in different degrees of smoothness on the resulting surface. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sand' in WordNet: 1. (2) sandpaper, sand - (rub with sandpaper; 'sandpaper the wooden surface') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, :PhysicalTransformationEvent, :Smoothening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmoothObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sandpaper ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :Sandman :wnsense "sandman1n" ; :wordnet "sandman" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sandman'' (there may be more than one) is a ''Fairy '' (mythical creature) that comes at night and sprinkles sand in person's eye's to make them fall asleep. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandman' in WordNet: 1. sandman - (an elf in fairy stories who sprinkles sand in children's eyes to make them sleepy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fairy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :causesOrInduces ] . :Sandpaper :wnsense "emery paper1n", "sandpaper1n" ; :wordnet "emery paper", "sandpaper" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sandpaper' is any stiff Paper that has a coating of an ''AbrasiveMaterial''. Used for 'sanding' a surface. each sheet has a relatively small number of times it can be used before wearing out. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandpaper' in WordNet: 1. (1) emery paper, sandpaper - (stiff paper coated with powdered emery or sand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetlikeSubstance, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abrasive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbrasiveMaterial ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SandingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Sandwich :guid "c1007c8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sandwich1n" ; :wordnet "sandwich" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Two slices of bread, or a split bun or roll, with some other food in the middle, typically meat, cheese, or - in the case of #$ComputerProgrammers - peanut butter and grape jelly. Named after the fourth Earl of Sandwich who, as a habitual gambler, ate them at the gaming table rather than have to interrupt his games. Not surprisingly, he gained a reputation for corruption and bribe-taking in political office. NOTE: this is a subtype of ''ThreeLayeredObject'' - but a generic 'sandwich' could have more layers, as in a 'club sandwich' (5 layers). @ToDo: make it more general. @ToDo: perhaps represent more generally a 'sandwichedObject'?? SUMO: Any Food which consists of two or more pieces of bread and some sort of filling between the two pieces of bread. NOTE: the flling does not have to be meat. This is not for a metaphorical 'sandwich' - use ''ThreeLayeredObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sandwich' in Wordnet: 1. (7) sandwich - (two (or more) slices of bread with a filling between them) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FingerFood, :PreparedFood, :SolidFoodArtifact, :ThreeLayeredObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoSlicesOfbread ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :Sandy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Sand ; :wnsense "sandy4adj" ; :wordnet "sandy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'sandy' in Wordnet: 4. sandy - (abounding in sand; \"Florida's sandy beaches\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dry, :Granular . :SandyBeach :wnsense "beach1n" ; :wordnet "beach" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the physical object consisting of sand adjacent to a ''BodyOfWater''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beach' in WordNet: 1. (14) beach - (an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beach, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sand ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :SandySoil :en "sandy soil" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A special category to differentiate desert 'soil' from the richer soil in which plants grow well. Should add some relation about 'richness' (for growth). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sand ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientSubstance ] . :Sane :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Sanity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Insane ; :wnsense "sane1adj" ; :wordnet "sane" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is experiencing ''Sanity'', i.e. does not have the attribute of'Insane''. nor the AilmentCondition of ''Insanity'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sane' in WordNet: 1. (2) sane - (mentally healthy; free from mental disorder; 'appears to be completely sane') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue, :Healthy . :Sanitariness :wnsense "sanitariness1n" ; :wordnet "sanitariness" ; a :ConditionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sanitariness' in WordNet: 1. sanitariness - (the state of being conducive to health) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :SystemCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sanitary ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Sanitary :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Grime, :Pathogen ; :wnsense "healthful2adj", "sanitary1adj" ; :wordnet "healthful", "sanitary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sanitary' in Wordnet: 1. sanitary, healthful - (free from filth and pathogens; 'sanitary conditions for preparing food'; 'a sanitary washroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :SanitaryCondition :wnsense "sanitary condition1n" ; :wordnet "sanitary condition" ; a :ConditionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sanitary condition' in WordNet: 1. sanitary condition - (the state of sanitation (clean or dirty)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, :SystemCondition . :SanitaryLandfill :wnsense "sanitary landfill1n" ; :wordnet "sanitary landfill" ; a :LocationType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SanitaryLandfill'' is a ''Landfill'' where garbage (refuse, mostly domestic) has been mixed in with soil and deposited in a ''Lowland'' as a garbage dump. After some time the filling and dumping may cease and the filled-in area may be . used for some other purpose, e.g. as a park or 'industrial park', but not (hopefully) as a residential location. NOTE: a ''SanitaryLandfill'' is *not* ''Sanitary'', the term refers to the *intention* of using such a landfill to keep alternative places sanitary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sanitary landfill' in WordNet: 1. sanitary landfill - (a low area where waste is buried between layers of earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GarbageDump, :Landfill . :Sanitation :wnsense "sanitation1n", "sanitisation1n", "sanitization1n" ; :wordnet "sanitation", "sanitisation", "sanitization" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sanitation' in WordNet: 2. (1) sanitation, sanitization, sanitisation - (making something sanitary (free of germs) as by sterilizing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleanup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sanitary ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Sanity :isTheAbsenceOf :Insanity ; :wnsense "sanity1n" ; :wordnet "sanity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sanity' is the condition of being mentally Healthy - a state of health, which is the absence of any significant abnormal mental function.. NOTE: that this is a PersistentState, which is a type of Event that has a beginning and ending time. \"''Sanity'' typically lasts the lifetime of the person exhibiting it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sanity' in WordNet: 1. (1) sanity, saneness - (normal or sound powers of mind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Health, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insanity ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :SantaClaus :believes :Christianity ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Mythical ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :wnsense "Father Christmas1n", "Kriss Kringle1n", "Saint Nick1n", "Santa Claus1n", "Santa1n", "St. Nick1n" ; :wordnet "Father Christmas", "Kriss Kringle", "Saint Nick", "Santa", "Santa Claus", "St. Nick" ; a :Saint ; rdfs:comment """''SantaClaus'' is the name used in English-speaking countries for the mythical dead person who lived at one tme and is more formally refered to a 'Saint Nicholas'. He is referred to as a ''Saint'' though he may not in fact have been formally cannonized. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Santa Claus' in WordNet: 1. Santa Claus, Santa, Kriss Kringle, Father Christmas, Saint Nick, St. Nick - (the legendary patron saint of children) """ . :SaoTomeAndPrincipe a :Country . :Sap :wnsense "sap1n" ; :wordnet "sap" ; a :FluidType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sap'' is a ''LiquidSubstance'' produced by plants that moves through the vascular conduits of a ''Plant'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sap' in WordNet: 1. sap - (a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :Mixture, :PlantProduct, :Syrup . :Sapling :guid "bd58cfb4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sapling1n" ; :wordnet "sapling" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sapling' in WordNet: 1. (1) sapling - (young tree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Young ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Low ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sapphire :guid "bf7077e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sapphire2n" ; :wordnet "sapphire" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A gem consisting of ''SapphireStuff'. CYC: 'Sapphire-Gem': #$PreciousStones which are blue in color and translucent. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sapphire' in WordNet: 2. sapphire - (a transparent piece of sapphire that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gemstone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SapphireStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SapphireStuff :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_Al2O3 ; :hasComponentSubstance :Aluminum, :Oxygen ; :wnsense "sapphire1n" ; :wordnet "sapphire" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''\"SapphireStuff'' is a blue-colored form of ''AluminumOxide'', the natural variety of which is a form of ''Corundum''. This is the substance; a cut gemstone ''Sapphire'' is made of this stuff. NOTE: this includes both natural and synthetic forms; the synthetic sapphire and ruby are composed of ''AluminumOxide' melted, processed with additives, and solidified.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sapphire' in WordNet: 1. sapphire - (a precious transparent stone of rich blue corundum valued as a gemstone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AluminumOxide, :Corundum, :GemStuff . :Saprophyte :guid "bd58a626-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "saprophyte1n", "saprophytic organism1n" ; :wordnet "saprophyte", "saprophytic organism" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of heterotrophic plants, fungi, or bacteria that live and feed on dead organic matter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saprophyte' in WordNet: 1. saprophyte, saprophytic organism - (an organism that feeds on dead organic matter especially a fungus or bacterium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Heterotroph, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeadOrganism ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Sarcastic :wnsense "sarcastic1adj" ; :wordnet "sarcastic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sarcastic'' is an AttributeValue of a LinguisticCommunication that is intended to ridicule or criticise by use of phrases that are not intended to be taken literally. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sarcastic' in WordNet: 1. (4) sarcastic - (expressing or expressive of ridicule that wounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sari :wnsense "saree1n", "sari1n" ; :wordnet "saree", "sari" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sari'' is a ''Dress'' worn by Hindu women. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sari' in WordNet: 1. (1) sari, saree - (a dress worn primarily by Hindu women; consists of several yards of light material that is draped around the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dress, :OuterGarment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimWoman ; owl:onProperty :isMostlyWornBy ] . :Sash :wnsense "cincture1n", "girdle2n", "sash2n", "waistband1n", "waistcloth1n" ; :wordnet "cincture", "girdle", "sash", "waistband", "waistcloth" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sash''can be purely decorative, and need not add support to other clothing items. e.g. subtype ''Cummerbund''. NOTE that a ''Sash'' is not necessarily worn on the ''Waist''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sash' in WordNet: 2. (1) girdle, cincture, sash, waistband, waistcloth - (a band of material around the waist that strengthens a skirt or trousers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ClothingAcessoryBand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waist ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Belt-Clothing ; owl:onProperty :isSimilarTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingOutfit ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Satan :controls :Hell ; :wnsense "Beelzebub1n", "Devil1n", "Lucifer1n", "Satan1n" ; :wordnet "Beelzebub", "Devil", "Lucifer", "Satan" ; a :Devil ; rdfs:comment """The Satan of the Jewish Bible, the adversary of ''GodTheCreator''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Satan' in Wordnet: 1. Satan, Old Nick, Devil, Lucifer, Beelzebub, the Tempter, Prince of Darkness - ((Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell) """ . :Satchel :wnsense "satchel1n" ; :wordnet "satchel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Most commonly, a case larger than a briefcase (not much larger) oten used to carry documents, but not restricted to that use. RHW: a small bag, sometimes with a shoulder strap. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'satchel' in WordNet: 1. satchel - (luggage consisting of a small case with a flat bottom and (usually) a shoulder strap) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfLuggage . :SatelliteCommunicationsEquipment :guid "c04538a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$SatelliteCommunicationsEquipment is a specialization of #$WirelessCommunicationDevice. It is equipment that has components that are capable of transmitting and receiving satellite communications. Compare this constant to #$SatelliteTransmitter and #$SatelliteReceiver. COSMO note: in Cyc receiver and transmitter appear to be disjoint, but in COSMO they are not, and devices that both transmit and receive radio signals are instances of both 'Transmitter' and 'RadioReceiver'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RadioReceiver, :RadioWaveTransmittingDevice . :SatelliteReceiver :guid "be80711f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "satellite receiver1n" ; :wordnet "satellite receiver" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: #$SatelliteReceiver is a specialization of #$WirelessCommunicationDevice. It is the kind of device that is capable of receiving satellite transmissions. Compare this constant to #$SatelliteTransmitter. COSMO note: in Cyc this appears to be restricted to receivers only, but in COSMO it is not disjoint with transmitter. NOTE that receiver and transmitter are not disjoint, and one device can be both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'satellite receiver' in WordNet: 1. satellite receiver - (a receiver on a communications satellite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :RadioReceiver . :SatelliteTVBroadcasting :en "satellite TV broadcasting" ; :enn "satellite TV broadcasting" ; :guid "c0a226af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$TVBroadcasting events in which the signal is bounced off a satellite into a dish-shaped #$SatelliteTVAntenna connected directly to the #$TelevisionSet on which the images are displayed. Does not include 'satellite feeds' in which a signal is relayed via satellite from a television camera to the broadcast station, and broadcast traditionally from there. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TVBroadcasting . :SatelliteTransmitter :guid "c074fbd5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "satellite transmitter1n" ; :wordnet "satellite transmitter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$SatelliteTransmitter is a type of device used to broadcast radio or tv signals to or from satellites. Compare this constant to #$SatelliteReceiver. COSMO note: in Cyc this appears to be restricted to receivers only, but in COSMO it is not disjoint with transmitter. NOTE that receiver and transmitter are not disjoint, and one device can be both. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'satellite transmitter' in WordNet: 1. satellite transmitter - (a transmitter on a communications satellite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :RadioWaveTransmittingDevice, :WirelessCommunicationDevice . :Satiating :wnsense "fill1v", "replete1v", "sate1v", "satiate1v" ; :wordnet "fill", "replete", "sate", "satiate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Satiating'' is an EatingEvent that satisfies the eater's hunger so that the hunger stops. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'satiate' in WordNet: 1. (1) satiate, sate, replete, fill - (fill to satisfaction; 'I am sated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, :SatisfyingHungerOrThirst, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hunger ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hunger ; owl:onProperty :finishes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Satin :guid "bd58a361-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "satin1n" ; :wordnet "satin" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A shiny woven fabric. Definitions say that it could be silk, but in common usage it is distinguished from true silk, RHW: a fabric in a warp-effect or filling-effect satin weave, as acetate, rayon, nylon, or silk, often having a glossy face and a soft, slippery texture. NOTE that it is a subtype of ''Cloth'' meaning that it is woven, not flocked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'satin' in WordNet: 1. (1) satin - (a smooth fabric of silk or rayon; has a glossy face and a dull back) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cloth, :FibrousSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shiny ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Satirical :wnsense "satiric1adj", "satirical1adj" ; :wordnet "satiric", "satirical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Satirical'' is an AttributeValue of a LinguisticCommunication that is intended to ridicule or criticise by use of phrases that are not intended to be taken literally. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'satirical' in WordNet: 1. (1) satirical, satiric - (exposing human folly to ridicule; 'a persistent campaign of mockery by the satirical fortnightly magazine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Satisfaction :guid "bd58bded-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "satisfaction" ; :wnsense "contentment1n", "gratification1n", "satisfaction1n", "satisfaction2n" ; :wordnet "contentment", "gratification", "satisfaction" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$FeelingType. Each instance of #$Satisfaction is some agent's feeling that at least some of her desires or needs have been met. Instances of #$Satisfaction vary depending on the intensity of the feeling or on the subject experiencing the feeling. Specializations of #$Satisfaction include #$Approval and #$Contentment. COSMO note: the WN distinction between the ''Feeling'' of ''Satisfaction'' and the 'state' of being satisfied is difficult to express,and these are conflated in this type. This feeling can be improved or degraded to produce other levels of the overall mental staet, going to (positive) 'Comfort'', or (egative) ''Discomfort''. @ToDO: relation of transition between mental states? See ''Relieving'' for one. COSMO note: we include the lexical 'contentment', here, but 'Contentment' as a longer-term stasfaction with one's overall position in life is the subtype 'Contented'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'satisfaction', and includes but is broader than sense 1 of 'contentment' in WordNet: 1. (10) satisfaction - - (the contentment you feel when you have done something right; 'the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction') 2. (4) gratification, satisfaction - - (state of being gratified; great satisfaction; 'dull repetitious work gives no gratification'; 'to my immense gratification he arrived on time') WN 'contentment': 1. contentment - (happiness with one's situation in life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SatisfyingaDesire ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Satisfactory :en "OK" ; :hasAdverbialForm :okay ; :isLessIntenseThan :Good ; :isMoreIntenseThan :So-so ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :DifficultSituation, :ProblemSituation ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unsatisfactory ; :ldoce "fine", "satisfactory" ; :wnsense "acceptable1adj", "acceptable3adj", "acceptable4adj", "all right1adj", "alright1adj", "fine1adj", "hunky-dory1adj", "o.k.1adj", "ok1adj", "okay1adj", "satisfactory1adj" ; :wordnet "acceptable", "all right", "alright", "fine", "hunky-dory", "o.k.", "ok", "okay", "satisfactory" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Satisfactory' is the AttributeValue of things (Objects, Situations) that cause the feeling of Satisfaction, typically implying that the situation has no significant difficulties.. This sense is broad and evaluative includes ''Okay'', the informal term for the attribute value that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is average or slightly better than average, but not quite 'Good'. Also commonly expressed as 'all right' The labels include words that are commonly used in reply to an informal social salutation such as 'How are you?' or 'How are things?'. Answers 'fine','good' 'OK' or For the adverial form use ''okay''. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'satisfactory' and sense 1 of 'fine' and sense 1 of 'all right' and sense 1 of 'ok' an adj senses 1, 3, and 4 of ;acceptable' in WordNet: 1. (14) satisfactory - - (giving satisfaction; 'satisfactory living conditions'; 'his grades were satisfactory') 2. (7) satisfactory, acceptable - (meeting requirements; 'the step makes a satisfactory seat') WN adj 'fine': 1. (5) all right, fine, o.k., ok, okay, hunky-dory - (being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition; 'an all-right movie'; 'the passengers were shaken up but are all right'; 'is everything all right?'; 'everything's fine'; 'things are okay'; 'dinner and the movies had been fine'; 'another minute I'd have been fine') WN adj 'alright': 1. alright - (nonstandard usage) WN adj 'acceptabe': 1. (2) acceptable - (worthy of acceptance or satisfactory; 'acceptable levels of radiation'; 'performances varied from acceptable to excellent') 3. satisfactory, acceptable - (meeting requirements; 'the step makes a satisfactory seat') 4. acceptable - (adequate for the purpose; 'the water was acceptable for drinking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Satisfied :guid "e3df72ec-42cc-11d6-8000-0002b38bcf96" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Satisfaction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SatisfyingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dissatisfied ; :wnsense "satisfied1adj" ; :wordnet "satisfied" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO an AttributeValue; in Cyc 'Satisfied' is a subtype of agent, but that usage is not followed in COSMO. ''Satisfied'' is the attribute of a Person who is pleased at having some need or desire fulfilled. The degree of ''Pleasure' that causes having this attribute can be modest. More formally, 'Satisfied' is the attribute of an IntelligentAgent that is experiencing ''Satisfaction''. Cyc: A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance is an agent in the emotional state of being satisfied. Use this constant with a #$GenericValueFunction to denote a collection of agents that are in this emotional state to some varying degree. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'satisfied' and adjective sense 1 of 'contented' in WordNet: 1. (11) satisfied - - (filled with satisfaction; 'a satisfied customer') WN 'contented': 1. (3) contented, content - (satisfied or showing satisfaction with things as they are; 'a contented smile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue, :Pleased . :Satisfying :isAnAttributeValueOf :Meal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf :FoodOrDrink ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :ConsumingFoodOrDrink ; :wnsense "hearty2adj", "satisfying2adj", "solid6adj", "square3adj", "substantial4adj" ; :wordnet "hearty", "satisfying", "solid", "square", "substantial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Satisfying'' is for a meal that is more than enough to supply a day's nutrition.. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'satisfying' in Wordnet: 2. hearty, satisfying, solid, square, substantial - (providing abundant nourishment; 'a hearty meal'; 'good solid food'; 'ate a substantial breakfast'; 'four square meals a day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MoreThanEnough, :Nutritious, :SubstanceAttributeValue . :SatisfyingEvent :causesMentalEventType :Satisfaction ; :ldoce "satisfy" ; :wnsense "satisfy2v" ; :wordnet "satisfy" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SatisfyingEvent' is an Event that causes some IntelligenAgent to experience Satisfaction. Almost any type of Event can serve as an instance of this type, for some agent. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'satisfy' in WordNet: 2. (8) satisfy, gratify - - (make happy or satisfied) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Satisfaction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :SatisfyingHungerOrThirst :en "satisfying hunger", "satisfying hunger or thirst", "satisfying thirst" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SatisfyingHungerOrThirst'' is a ''Fulfilling''where the need or want is hunger or thirst. Typically accomplished by eating or drinking. The 'fulfilling' need not be complete for this to apply. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SatisfyingEvent, :SatisfyingaDesire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hunger ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ] . :SatisfyingaDesire :wnsense "gratify1v", "satisfaction4n", "satisfy2v" ; :wordnet "gratify", "satisfaction", "satisfy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SatisfyingaDesire'' is an Action in which.an agent fulfills and thereby 'satisfies' a ''Desire'' to do something.. Corresponds to verb sense 2 (transitive and intransitive) of 'satisfy' in WordNet: 2. (8) satisfy, gratify - (make happy or satisfied) WN noun 'satisfaction': 4. satisfaction - (act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite; 'the satisfaction of their demand for better services') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fulfilling, :RemovingSomething, :SatisfyingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desire ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Satisfaction ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :SatisfyingaRequirement :en "satisfy a requirement", "satisfying a requirement" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SatisfyingaRequirement'' is a 'Fulfilling'' and a ''SuccessfulAction'' in which an attempt at satisfying a 'requirement' to do something that an Agent desires succeeds. This commonly occurs when a person passes a Test in school (subtype ''PassingaTest'') or for some position or qualification for some License (Law or Medicine) For ''SatisfyingaRequirement'' where something does not have to make any effort to reach the required state, ''BeingQualified'' can be used. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fulfilling, :SuccessfulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingQualified ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Saturated :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Solution ; :wnsense "saturated1n" ; :wordnet "saturated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue *only* of ''Solution''s, specifyng that the concentation of solute in that solvent is at the maximum value (for that temperature and pressure) allowed by the thermodynamic and chemical properties of the solvent and solute. If additional quantity of (e.g. a solid solute) is addedto a ''Saturated'' solution, it will not dissolve and the failureto dissolve is evidence that the solution is ''Saturated''. soaked Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saturated' in WordNet: 1. (6) saturated, concentrated - (being the most concentrated solution possible at a given temperature; unable to dissolve still more of a substance; 'a saturated solution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Concentrated . :SaturatingSomething :wnsense "impregnate2v", "saturate2v" ; :wordnet "impregnate", "saturate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SaturatingSomething'' is the act of adding liquid to a Porous object to fill the pores with some Liquid. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'saturate' in WordNet: 2. impregnate, saturate - (infuse or fill completely; 'Impregnate the cloth with alcohol') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :FillingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Porous ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usedSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ] . :Saturday :guid "bd58d6b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Saturday1n" ; :wordnet "Saturday" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Saturdays. A collection of #$CalendarDays and an instance of #$DayOfWeekType. #$Saturday is the collection of all (and only) saturdays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Saturday' in Wordnet: 1. (26) Saturday, Sabbatum, Sat - (the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day . :Saturn :hasMassInGrams "5.6846E29"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "Saturn1n" ; :wordnet "Saturn" ; a :NonEarthSolarPlanet ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Saturn' in Wordnet: 1. (3) Saturn - (a giant planet that is surrounded by three planar concentric rings of ice particles; the 6th planet from the sun) """ . :Sauce :wnsense "sauce1n" ; :wordnet "sauce" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sauce' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sauce - (flavorful relish or dressing or topping served as an accompaniment to food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment, :SemiSolidSubstance . :Saucepan :guid "bdfb2353-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "saucepan1n" ; :wordnet "saucepan" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saucepan' in WordNet: 1. saucepan - (a deep pan with a handle; used for stewing or boiling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingVessel, :ManufacturedGoods, :Pan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Saucer :guid "bd58d478-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "saucer2n" ; :wordnet "saucer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of ''Tableware'' that is a 'NearlyFlatHolder' similar in shape to a ''Dish' but smaller, of a size (ca. 6 inches wide) suitable for holding a teacup or coffee cup. CYC: The small plate-like vessel which is often used beneath a teacup. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'saucer' in WordNet: 2. saucer - (a small shallow dish for holding a cup at the table) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingVessel, :HandSizedObject, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :NearlyFlatHolder, :Tableware . :Saudi :isAnAttributeValueOf :SaudiArabia ; :pertainsTo :SaudiArabia, :SaudiPerson ; :wnsense "Saudi1adj" ; :wordnet "Saudi" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Saudi' in Wordnet: 1. Saudi-Arabian, Saudi - (of or relating to Saudi Arabia or its people; 'the Saudi-Arabian desert'; 'the Saudi royal family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SaudiArabia a :Country . :SaudiPerson :wnsense "Saudi1n" ; :wordnet "Saudi" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Saudi' in WordNet: 1. Saudi - (a native or inhabitant of Saudi Arabia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SaudiArabia ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Sauerkraut :guid "bd88559a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sauerkraut1n" ; :wordnet "sauerkraut" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PickledFood and #$Cabbage-Foodstuff. Each instance of #$Sauerkraut is some finely cut cabbage that has been allowed to ferment in a brine made of its own juice with salt. Can be a subtye of 'cabbage' (CYC) or prepared from Cabbage- COSMO uses latter. Can one say anything about cabbage that is not true of Sauerkraut? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sauerkraut' in WordNet: 1. sauerkraut - (shredded cabbage fermented in brine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :PickledFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cabbage-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cabbage-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :Sauna :guid "bd58bc89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sauna1n" ; :wordnet "sauna" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sauna' in Wordnet: 1. sauna, sweat room - (a Finnish steam bath; steam is produced by pouring water over heated rocks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SteamBath . :Sausage :guid "bd589dbc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sausage1n" ; :wordnet "sausage" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sausage as a substance, not an individual sausage piece. For a piece of ''Sausage'' use ''SausageObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sausage' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sausage - (highly seasoned minced meat stuffed in casings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, :Meat . :SausageObject :en "sausage" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One piece of ''Sausage'', traditionally stuffed into a casing (any restriction on the material the casing is made from??). Set maximum length as 40 cm, max width 6 cm. Bigger is too bizarre for normal usage. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cylinder, :FoodObject, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sausage ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "40"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "6"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ] . :Sauteing :eng "sauteing" ; :wnsense "saute1v" ; :wordnet "saute" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'saute' in WordNet: 1. (1) saute - (fry briefly over high heat; 'saute the onions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Savage :isAnAttributeValueOf :NonHumanAnimal ; :wnsense "savage2adj" ; :wordnet "savage" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Savage'' is a subattribute of ''Feral'' that is the attribute of an Animal is not only ''Feral'' (not domesticated), but also behaves aggressively toward people or other animals. Correspond to part of adjective sense 2 of 'savage' in Wordnet: 1. feral, ferine, savage - (wild and menacing; 'a ferocious dog') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aggressive, :Feral . :Savannah :guid "c12223db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "ee68c1ac-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "savanna1n", "savannah3n" ; :wordnet "savanna", "savannah" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Attribute of instances of #$Grassland. Grasses are interspersed with scattered thorn bushes, scrub growth, and/or deciduous trees. Its vegetation map code is (G2). This is represented here as being ''Large'' - i.e. large compared with other ''Grassland''s like ''Meadow'' and ''Pasture''. NOTE: this includes CYC 'SavannahRegion' - distinction unclear: \" Instances are instances of #$Grassland found to the north and south of the #$TropicalRainForest regions of South America and central Africa and around the desert fringes of Australia. Grasses are interspersed with scattered thorn bushes or deciduous trees. \" Source: The Times Atlas of the World (1995). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'savannah' in WordNet: 3. savanna, savannah - (a flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grassland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Savant :wnsense "learned person1n", "pundit1n", "savant1n" ; :wordnet "learned person", "pundit", "savant" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Savant'' is a ''Scholar'' with a level of knowledge greater or deeper than that of a ''Scholar''. Not just ''Scholarly' but 'Learned'' as well. NOTE: 'initiate' is used more often for initiation into some formal or semi-formal society, or for a 'beginner' into some field and is not common for this concept. This represents RHW 'pundit': 1. a learned person, expert, or authority. Corresponds to part (very knowledgeable, not just 'initiated') of noun sense 1 of 'savant' in WordNet: 1. initiate, learned person, pundit, savant - (someone who has been admitted to membership in a scholarly field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scholar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Learned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Saver :wnsense "saver2n" ; :wordnet "saver" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Saver''is a ''Person'' who tends to save his/her money rather than spend it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'saver' in WordNet: 2. saver - (someone who saves (especially money)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Owner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SavingMoney ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Saving :en "saving" ; :ldoce "save" ; :wnsense "bring through1v", "carry through2v", "pull through2v", "relieve5v", "salvage1v", "salve1v", "save1v", "save3v" ; :wordnet "bring through", "carry through", "pull through", "relieve", "salvage", "salve", "save" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Saving' something is a more specific type of 'Protecting' in which an Object or Agent was in danger of being destroyed or killed, and was preserved from that serious damage by the 'Saving' action. This is not 'saving' as in saving money (see ''SavingForFutureUse'' or ''SavingMoney''), but keeping something from serious harm. The something can be an object (saved his house form the fire) or an Organism. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 3 (hard to distinguish) of 'save' in WordNet: 1. (41) salvage, salve, relieve, save - - (save from ruin, destruction, or harm) 3. (4) save, carry through, pull through, bring through - (bring into safety; 'We pulled through most of the victims of the bomb attack') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :DangerousSituation ] . :SavingForFutureUse :ldoce "save" ; :wnsense "preservation1n", "save2v", "saving3n" ; :wordnet "preservation", "save", "saving" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SavingForFutureUse' is an Action in which an agent refrains from using some Object that may be consumed or worn by use. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'save' in WordNet: 2. (16) save, preserve - - (to keep up and reserve for personal or special use; 'She saved the old family photographs in a drawer') WN noun 'saving': 3. preservation, saving - (the activity of protecting something from loss or danger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protecting . :SavingMoney :en "save for a rainy day", "saving for a rainy day" ; :ldoce "save" ; :wnsense "lay aside1v", "save up1v", "save5v" ; :wordnet "lay aside", "save", "save up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SavingMoney' is an Action in which an agent places some quantity of MOney for future use,or as a precaution against need.. Corresponds most closely to verb sense 5 of 'save' in WordNet: 5. (4) save, lay aside, save up - (feather one's nest; have a nest egg; 'He saves half his salary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reserving, :SavingForFutureUse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyObject ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Savings ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Savings :en "nest-egg" ; :wnsense "nest egg1n", "savings1n" ; :wordnet "nest egg", "savings" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Savings' is a quantity of money saved (in any currency), whether in cash or some liquid asset (or portfolio of assets) convertible to cash. This type is a subtype of Object, and can behave like an Object in transfers of Money; it is one of the domains of 'hadObjectMoved'. NOTE that in Wordnet this is a subtype of 'money', but WN does not distinguish between substance-like money and a sum of money Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'savings'in WordNet: 1. (3) savings, nest egg - (a fund of money put by as a reserve) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fund . :SavingsAccount :en "savings account" ; :guid "bd5898cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "savings account1n" ; :wordnet "savings account" ; a :AccountType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BankAccount that does not allow demand withdrawals as does a checking account. (If the old rules still apply, this would be disjoint with ''CheckingAccount'' - but rules can change. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'savings account' in WordNet: 1. savings account - (a bank account that accumulates interest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BankAccount . :Savoring :wnsense "degustation1n", "relishing1n", "savoring1n", "savouring1n", "tasting3n" ; :wordnet "degustation", "relishing", "savoring", "savouring", "tasting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of intentionally tasting something to test or savor its flavor, performed in an unorganized or organized setting. This can be done alone, while cooking,or in a group, as at a ''Wine Tasting'' (a party or at a Winery). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'savoring' in WordNet: 1. tasting, savoring, savouring, relishing, degustation - (taking a small amount into the mouth to test its quality; 'cooking was fine but it was the savoring that he enjoyed most') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TastingDeliberately . :Saw :wnsense "saw2n" ; :wordnet "saw" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Saw'' is an ''HardwareTool'' used for cutting something, having a serrated (toothed) blade that cuts by being drawn over the surface of the work. This can be a unpowered hand saw, a hack saw, a band saw, or a rotary saw of any size. A ''PowerSaw'' is a subtype. Corresponds to noun senses 2 of 'saw' in Wordnet: 2. saw - (hand tool having a toothed blade for cutting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, :HardwareTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SawingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :SawHorse :guid "c03f6e56-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "buck4n", "horse4n", "sawbuck1n", "sawhorse1n" ; :wordnet "buck", "horse", "sawbuck", "sawhorse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of all #$SawHorses -- #$Tools used primarily in pairs by #$Carpenters to prop up pieces of wood to be cut, stained, painted, etc. #$SawHorses are usually constructed out of five wooden boards (four of which are the same length) and two connecting clamps, giving them a 'stick-figure' #$Horse appearance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sawhorse' in WordNet: 1. (1) sawhorse, horse, sawbuck, buck - (a framework for holding wood that is being sawed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Framework, :NonPoweredDevice . :Sawdust :wnsense "sawdust1n" ; :wordnet "sawdust" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Small particles of Wood produced by . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sawdust' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sawdust - (fine particles of wood made by sawing wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :Powder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SawingWood ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :SawingSomething :en "sawing" ; :wnsense "saw1v" ; :wordnet "saw" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SawingSomething'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts through a solid object with a Saw. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'saw' in Wordnet: 1. (1) saw - (cut with a saw; 'saw wood for the fireplace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saw ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :SawingWood :en "sawing wood" ; :wnsense "saw1v" ; :wordnet "saw" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SawingWood'' is an act of ''SawingSomething''in which the object cut is a piece of Wood. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'saw' in Wordnet: 1. (1) saw - (cut with a saw; 'saw wood for the fireplace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SawingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfWood ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Sawmill :en "saw-mill" ; :wnsense "lumbermill1n", "sawmill2n" ; :wordnet "lumbermill", "sawmill" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sawmill'' is a ''Mill'' where trees or logs from trees are cut into smaller pieces - usually to be used as lumber in construction projects.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sawmill' in WordNet: 2. lumbermill, sawmill - (a mill for dressing logs and lumber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PowerSaw ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CuttingUpaTree ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Saxophone :guid "c10adcd8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sax2n", "saxophone1n" ; :wordnet "sax", "saxophone" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saxophone' in WordNet: 1. sax, saxophone - (a single-reed woodwind with a conical bore) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SingleReedWoodwindInstrument . :SayingShoo :en "say \"shoo\"" ; :eng "saying \"shoo\"" ; :env "say \"shoo\"" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SayingShoo'' is the short single-word ''SpokenCommunicating' in which a Person says the word ''Shoo'' to some Animal (possibly a Person). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, :SpokenCommunicating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShooSound ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :SayingShush :en "say \"shush\"" ; :eng "saying \"shush\"" ; :env "say \"shush\"" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SayingShush'' is the short single-word ''SpokenCommunicating' in which a Person says the word ''Shush'' to a Person so as to make that Person stop talking. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, :SpokenCommunicating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShushSound ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Scabies :guid "bf3ee93d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "itch1n", "scabies1n" ; :wordnet "itch", "scabies" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: a contagious skin disease occurring esp. in sheep and cattle and also in humans, caused by the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, which burrows under the skin. Cf. itch (def. 10), mange. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scabies' in WordNet: 1. scabies, itch - (a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation; 'he has a bad case of the itch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Infestation, :SkinDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ItchMite ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ItchMite ; owl:onProperty :isCausedByExposureTo ] . :Scale-AnimalBodyPart :en "scales" ; :guid "bd58bd33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :ScaledAnimal ; :ldoce "scale" ; :wnsense "scale10n" ; :wordnet "scale" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Outer covering, analogous to skin, of reptiles and fish. See also #$ScaledAnimal, the collection of animals covered with scales. Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'scale' in WordNet: 10. scale - (a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :FlatObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SmallObject, :SolidObject . :Scale-MeasuringDevice :en "scales" ; :guid "c0fd4940-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToMeasure :Mass, :MassMeasure ; :ldoce "scale" ; :wnsense "scale8n" ; :wordnet "scale" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'Scale-MeasuringDevice' is the generic type for any Device used to measure weight or mass. Typically, a 'scale' refers to a device that weighs by pushing against springs, but in COSMO this also includes balances (see 'Balance'). The collection of devices which measure mass, typically using springs or balancing weights. The term 'scales' is sometimes used for a two-pan balance. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'scale' in WordNet: 8. scale, weighing machine - - (a measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasuringDevice . :Scaled :disposesToAction :Inaction ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "scaled1adj", "scaley1adj", "scaly2adj" ; :wordnet "scaled", "scaley", "scaly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scaled' in Wordnet: 1. (1) scaly, scaley, scaled - (having the body covered or partially covered with thin horny plates, as some fish and reptiles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inaction ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :ScaledAnimal :guid "e1575bc0-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subcollection of #$Animal whose instances have a skin-like covering consisting #$Scale-AnimalBodyParts. Some specializations are #$Fish and #$Reptile. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scaled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Scallop :wnsense "scallop1n" ; :wordnet "scallop" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scallop' in WordNet: 2. scallop, scollop, escallop - (edible muscle of mollusks having fan-shaped shells; served broiled or poached or in salads or cream sauces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mollusk . :Scalp :guid "c0db5acf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scalp1n" ; :wordnet "scalp" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all living scalps. A #$Scalp is the part of the #$Skin covering someone's head (other than the face) from which a significant amount of hair normally grows. - Foxvog, Dec 8, 1997 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scalp' in Wordnet: 1. (1) scalp - (the skin that covers the top of the head; 'they wanted to take his scalp as a trophy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ] . :Scalpel :guid "bd58c6b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scalpel1n" ; :wordnet "scalpel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scalpel' in WordNet: 1. scalpel - (a thin straight surgical knife used in dissection and surgery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knife, :ManufacturedGoods, :MedicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surgery ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Scaly :isAnAttributeValueOf :Fish, :NonHumanAnimal, :Reptile ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Scale-AnimalBodyPart ; :wnsense "scaled1adj", "scaley1adj", "scaly2adj" ; :wordnet "scaled", "scaley", "scaly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'scaly' in Wordnet: 2. scaly, scaley, scaled - (having the body covered or partially covered with thin horny plates, as some fish and reptiles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Scampering :isFasterThan :Walking ; :wnsense "scamper1n", "scamper1v", "scramble2n", "scurry1n", "scurry1v", "scuttle1v", "skitter1v" ; :wordnet "scamper", "scramble", "scurry", "scuttle", "skitter" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scamper' in WordNet: 1. (5) scurry, scamper, skitter, scuttle - (to move about or proceed hurriedly; 'so terrified by the extraordinary ebbing of the sea that they scurried to higher ground') WN noun 'scamper': 1. (1) scamper, scramble, scurry - (rushing about hastily in an undignified way) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Running, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :ScandalSheetText a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScandalSheetText'' is a form of ''Rumor'' that is published in print or broadcast media, whether in book form or in periodicals. Political 'hit jobs' clearly not an attempt at objective reporting will be in this category. Although this represents the 'text' (linguistic statements) of such assertions, the text-representable content of broadcast media may fall into this category. Some radio and television programs have substantial content of this kind of ''AbstractText''. Some of this type will be ''PublishedMaterial'' and some will be . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rumor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MediaTransmitting :PublishingWrittenMaterial ) ] ] . :Scandalizing :wnsense "appal1v", "appall1v", "disgust1v", "offend3v", "outrage1v", "revolt2v", "scandalise1v", "scandalize1v", "shock2v" ; :wordnet "appal", "appall", "disgust", "offend", "outrage", "revolt", "scandalise", "scandalize", "shock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scandalizing'' is an intense form of 'Offending'' causing a stronger emotional response. Corresponds to verb sense 1'scandalize' in WordNet: 1. (1) shock, offend, scandalize, scandalise, appal, appall, outrage - (strike with disgust or revulsion; 'The scandalous behavior of this married woman shocked her friends') WN verb 'disgust': 1. (1) disgust, gross out, revolt, repel - (fill with distaste; 'This spoilt food disgusts me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appalling ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute ] . :ScandalousGossip :wnsense "dirt4n", "malicious gossip1n", "scandal1n" ; :wordnet "dirt", "malicious gossip", "scandal" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScandalousGossip'' is a form of ''Gossip'' that spreads rumors of a ''Scandal''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scandal' in WordNet: 1. (3) scandal, dirt, malicious gossip - (disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rumor . :Scandinavia :isSurroundedBy :NorthSeaAndGulfOfFinland ; :wnsense "Scandinavia1n", "Scandinavian Peninsula1n" ; :wordnet "Scandinavia", "Scandinavian Peninsula" ; a :Peninsula ; rdfs:comment """ WN sense 1 of 'Scandinavia': in WordNet: 1. Scandinavia, Scandinavian Peninsula - (the peninsula in northern Europe occupied by Norway and Sweden) """ . :Scandium :guid "bd5908a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "21"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Sc1n", "scandium1n" ; :wordnet "Sc", "scandium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of scandium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scandium' in WordNet: 1. scandium, Sc, atomic number 21 - (a white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Scanner :en "scanner" ; :enn "scanner" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Scanner'' is the general class of ''ElectronicDevice''s that generate an external or internal image of some PhysicalObject with any technique, including light, X-rays, sound waves, or electron beams. The more specific subtypes will be more useful for practical purposes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice . :Scanning :en "scanning" ; :wnsense "scan1v" ; :wordnet "scan" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scanning'' is a thorough inspection or examination. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scan' in WordNet: 1. (9) scan - (examine minutely or intensely; 'the surgeon scanned the X-ray') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inspection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thoroughgoing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Scant :wnsense "light18adj", "scant1adj", "short8adj" ; :wordnet "light", "scant", "short" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scant'' has several meanings, the essence being equivalent to 'just enough' or 'no more than enough' or 'not quite enough' to characterize some quantity of something used for a purpose. This includes all of these meanings in order to have something to represent them, even though they are in some degree seemingly inconsistent. They are close enough to each other to represent the mening within the vagueness common to natural language usage. When a large number of uses can indicate clear logical differences, this type can be split or the more precise types can be subAttributes. RHW 'scant': 1. barely sufficient in amount or quantity; not abundant; almost inadequate: to do scant justice. 2. limited; meager; not large: a scant amount. 3. barely amounting to as much as indicated: a scant two hours; a scant cupful. NOTE: the only WN sense is 'less than enough' in Wordnet: 1. (2) light, scant, short - (less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so; 'a light pound'; 'a scant cup of sugar'; 'regularly gives short weight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Scanty :wnsense "bare2adj", "scanty1adj", "spare5adj" ; :wordnet "bare", "scanty", "spare" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scanty' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bare, scanty, spare - (lacking in amplitude or quantity; 'a bare livelihood'; 'a scanty harvest'; 'a spare diet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Scar :guid "bd58a70e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isNormallyLocatedAt :Skin ; :ldoce "mark" ; :wnsense "mark13n", "scar1n", "scar2n" ; :wordnet "mark", "scar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The markings left over from cuts. COSMO this is interpreted as a scar on the external surface of the skin, noticeable on viewing it. Internal 'scars' are not included. SUMO: Any AbnormalAnatomicalStructure which results from the healing of a Lesion. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'scar' and to part of sense 13 (but restricted to the skin as a location) of 'mark' in WordNet: 1. (7) scar, cicatrix, cicatrice -- (a mark left (usually on the skin) by the healing of injured tissue) 2. (4) scratch, scrape, scar, mark -- (an indication of damage) WN noun 'mark': 13. scratch, scrape, scar, mark - (an indication of damage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbnormalAnatomicalStructure, :PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface . :Scarce :wnsense "scarce1adj" ; :wordnet "scarce" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scarce'' is a property of Objects that are few in number, whether on some absolute scale or relative to some normal value or some purpose that sets a criterion. NOTE: when this is used to characterize a number much less than needed for some purpose, it is an intensive value of 'Insufficient'', but that attribute is not differentiated to that degree. ?ToDo? Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 (difference?) of 'scarce' in WordNet: 1. (1) scarce - (not enough; hard to find; 'meat was scarce during the war') 2. scarce - (deficient in quantity or number compared with the demand; 'fresh vegetables were scarce during the drought') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unusual . :Scarf :guid "bd58cbd9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scarf1n" ; :wordnet "scarf" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of scarfs, an item of clothing used to protect the wearer's face and neck from the cold, or to hold the wearer's hair in place, or simply for decoration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scarf ' in Wordnet: 1. (2) scarf - (a garment worn around the head or neck or shoulders for warmth or decoration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :PieceOfCloth . :Scatterbrained :isTheOppositeOf :Serious ; :wnsense "flighty1adj", "flyaway1adj", "head-in-the-clouds1adj", "scatterbrained2adj" ; :wordnet "flighty", "flyaway", "head-in-the-clouds", "scatterbrained" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'scatterbrained' in Wordnet: 2. flighty, flyaway, head-in-the-clouds, scatterbrained - (guided by whim and fancy; 'flighty young girls') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Scattered :isAnAttributeValueOf :ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SprinklingStuff ; :wnsense "scattered1adj" ; :wordnet "scattered" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Scattered'' is the attribute of a ObjectGroup that either (1) was distributed by some agent or natural force over an area in which they become widely separated; or (2) arose or developed in widely distributed locations; or (3) occurred repetitively over irregular intervals of time and possibly space. @ToDo: These could be represented as subtpyes and should be, when sufficient examples and related types are available to clarify the logical difference. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scattered' in Wordnet: 1. (7) scattered - (occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space; 'scattered showers'; 'scattered villages') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion :BFO "ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """BFO Definition: A space time region that has spatial and temporal dimensions and every spatial and temporal point of which is not connected with every other spatial and temporal point of which. BFO Examples: the space and time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the space and time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair. """ ; rdfs:label "scattered_spatiotemporal_region" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatiotemporalRegion ; owl:disjointWith :ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion . :ScatteringApart :eng "scattering" ; :ldoce "scatter" ; :wnsense "disperse3v", "dissipate2v", "scatter2v", "spread out6v" ; :wordnet "disperse", "dissipate", "scatter", "spread out" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each'ScatteringApart' is an Event in which some Group of Animals that was located in some small space disperses by moving away from each other, whether spontaneously or as a result of some external cause (e.g. ''DispersingaCrowd''), to occupy a much larger area. This is represented as an instransitive verb, with the Group of animals (people or beasts) as the agents doing the scattering. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'scatter' in WordNet: 2. (4) disperse, dissipate, scatter, spread out - - (move away from each other; 'The crowds dispersed'; 'The children scattered in all directions when the teacher approached';) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocomotionEvent-Animal, :MovingApart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfAnimals ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfAnimals ] . :ScatteringGranularStuff :wnsense "scatter3v", "scatter4v", "scatter6v", "spread7v" ; :wordnet "scatter", "spread" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScatteringGranularStuff'' is the Action of ''Spreading'' a granular (including powdered) substance from a compacted form (lump, ball, containerfull, handful) onto the surface of an Object (including a land surface, compact or wide). Any surface portion of an Object may serve as the destination of the scattering, as for example if an object with sticky stuff on its surface is rotated while ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' is occurring above - so that the whole object may have the scattered stuff sticking to its surface. There is some overlap with ''SprinklingStuff'', which see.. Corresponds to part of verb senses 3,4, and 6 of 'scatter' (for granular materials, not liquids) in WordNet: 3. (2) scatter, sprinkle, dot, dust, disperse - (distribute loosely; 'He scattered gun powder under the wagon') 4. (1) scatter - (sow by scattering; 'scatter seeds') 6. spread, scatter, spread out - (strew or distribute over an area; 'He spread fertilizer over the lawn'; 'scatter cards across the table') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpreadingASubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ] . :ScatteringObjects :guid "c0876001-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "scatter" ; :wnsense "disperse2v", "dispersion1n", "dissipate1v", "scatter1v", "scattering4n" ; :wordnet "disperse", "dispersion", "dissipate", "scatter", "scattering" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ScatteringObjects' is an Action in which some agent (which can be natural, such as the wind or waves) causes a group of PhysicalObjects which were in a compact area to disperse over a much larger area. The ObjectGroup scattered may be of a single type, or of various types. This is broad, and it can be used for spreading objects by physical force, or for causing animals to disperse by some ''DispersingaCrowd'' Action (a subtype), including just telling people to disperse. For spreading (scatterng) a solid substance such as salt use ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' In Cyc called 'ScatteringStuff', but the COSMO interpretation differs in that the things scattered must be separate objects to start with, and cannot be a liquid. For scattering a substance, use 'ScatteringaSubstance'. Cyc: This is the collection of events in which some #$Mob of stuff is separated and dispersed. This can be an intentional action, as in #$SowingSeed, or unintentional, as in wind blowing sand. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scatter' in WordNet: 1. (6) disperse, dissipate, dispel, break up, scatter - - (to cause to separate and go in different directions; 'She waved her hand and scattered the crowds') WN noun 'scattering': 4. dispersion, scattering - (spreading widely or driving off) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Diffusing, :Movement-TranslationProcess, :MovingApart, :SpreadingThingsAround, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectGroup ] . :ScatteringaSubstance :guid "c0876001-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "scatter" ; :wnsense "scatter1v" ; :wordnet "scatter" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ScatteringaSubstance' is an Action in which some agent (which can be natural, such as the wind or waves) physically causes some substance that was in a compact area to disperse over a much larger area. This is an action on an Object, but the Object is an 'ObjectConsistingOfSubstance': the constitutent substance is usually the thing that is said to be 'scattered', e.g. 'He scattered water over the table.' In Cyc called 'ScatteringStuff', but the COSMO interpretation separates scattering an ObjectGroup and scattering a Substance. differs in that the things scattered must be separate objects The substance may be a Liquid or a finely divided substance. The Cyc definition below is mostly for 'ScatteringObjects', but can also apply to a finely divided substance such as 'Sand'.: Cyc: This is the collection of events in which some #$Mob of stuff is separated and dispersed. This can be an intentional action, as in #$SowingSeed, or unintentional, as in wind blowing sand. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scatter' in WordNet: 1. (6) disperse, dissipate, dispel, break up, scatter - - (to cause to separate and go in different directions; 'She waved her hand and scattered the crowds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Movement-TranslationProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance ] . :Scavenger :guid "bda42977-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scavenger3n" ; :wordnet "scavenger" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of animals that feed wholly or partly on dead animals (or less commonly other decaying organic matter) that they find rather than kill. NOTE: in Cyc a 'Scavenger' is also a 'Carnivore' but int Cyc a 'Carnivore' is an order of mammal. Some 'Scavengers' (such as a 'Fly') are not mammals, so the Cyc subtype relation must be removed, as it creates an inconsistency. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scavenger' in WordNet: 3. scavenger - (any animal that feeds on refuse and other decaying organic matter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WildAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeadOrganism ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Scenario :guid "77619db4-3d23-41d7-9d23-d6dc333c313b" ; :wnsense "scenario3n" ; :wordnet "scenario" ; a :ContextType, :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Scenario'' is a ''PossibleFutureSituation'' that is asserted as possible and considered in planning for the future; it could be one Event or some sequence of Events. This is an EventType - the mantal objject that relates to this by ''refersToFutureSituation'' is a ''PostulatedScenario'' CYC: A specialization of #$Event. An instance of #$Scenario is a dynamic situtation, in which something happens . A #$Scenario consists of a set of #$Events related in some way to form a distinct narrative. RHW: an imagined or projected sequence of events, esp. any of several detailed plans or possibilities: One scenario calls for doubling profits by increasing our advertising, the other by reducing costs. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scenario ' in WordNet: 3. scenario - (a postulated sequence of possible events; 'planners developed several scenarios in case of an attack') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :Group, :PossibleFutureSituation . :Scene :ldoce "scene", "sight" ; :wnsense "scene3n", "sight2n" ; :wordnet "scene", "sight" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Scene' is a 'LightPropagationEvent' that is the visual aspect of a state or an Event - the set of light waves that are emitted or reflected by the objects participating in some Event; in essence, this is the light that can be 'seen' when something is viewed. This notion often refers to an InstantaneousState, as viewed from one person's perspective, or in a snapshot. But this type represents all those perspectives of the whole state that are perceivable visually, so this is a subgroup of the group of attributes and relations that constitute the state of a Group of entities. For more specific kinds of 'Scene' see 'View', 'Scenery' (outdoors), 'Panorama' (wide angle). For the act of seeing something, use 'Seeing'. NOTE that in WordNet a 'scene' is a visual perception, whereas in in COSMO it is a situation which is the visual part of the physical situation. These are different concepts. In COSMO, a 'view' is the visual perception (and in WordNet 'view' is a synonym of 'scene'). For the perception, see 'Viewing'. WordNet 'scene': in WordNet: 3. (13) view, aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama - (the visual percept of a region; 'the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views') WN 'sight' 2. (12) sight - - (anything that is seen; 'he was a familiar sight on the television'; 'they went to Paris to see the sights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightPropagationEvent . :SceneOfEvent :ldoce "scene" ; :wnsense "scene1n" ; :wordnet "scene" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SceneOfEvent' is the Place where some Event occurred (such as the scene of an accident or scene of a crime). Corresponds to Chinese 'xian\\Chang^'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scene' in WordNet: 1. (18) scene - - (the place where some action occurs; 'the police returned to the scene of the crime') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiteOfAnEvent . :SceneOfaCrime :en "crime scene", "scene of a crime" ; :enn "crime scene", "scene of a crime" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SceneOfaCrime'' is a 'SceneOfEvent' in which the ''Event'' is a ''Crime''. This term is ofen (but not necessarily) used when the ''Crime'' is recent,and there is still evidence of the ''Crime''to be seen. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SceneOfEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Crime ] . :Scenery :wnsense "panorama1n", "scenery2n", "vista1n" ; :wordnet "panorama", "scenery", "vista" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Scenery' is a 'View' (a light radiation Event) of an Outdoors location, in which the light radiated can be from some specific location. It is a 'View' that selects a specific subset of the light reflected or radiated by the objects in some location. Since the panorama is considered from one vantage point, the visual properties selected by this type are the ones that can be seen from that vantage point. The specific 'OutdoorLocation'' that is viewed in a ''Sceneery is specified by the relation ''hasStartingPlace''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scenery' and sense 1 of 'vista' in WordNet: 2. (1) scenery - (the appearance of a place) WN noun 'vista;: 1. (1) view, aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama - (the visual percept of a region; 'the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutdoorLocation ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :OutdoorLocation ] . :Scenic :isAnAttributeValueOf :OutdoorLocation, :Scenery, :View ; :wnsense "scenic1adj" ; :wordnet "scenic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Of outdoor places in general: 'scenic drive' is a drive through a 'scenic' place. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scenic' in Wordnet: 1. (5) scenic - (used of locations; having beautiful natural scenery; 'scenic drives') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beautiful . :Scented :wnsense "perfumed1adj", "scented2adj" ; :wordnet "perfumed", "scented" ; a :OdorType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scented'' is the attribute of something that is ''Fragrant'' because some pleasant ''Fragrant'' substance has been added or applied to it. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'scented' in Wordnet: 2. (1) perfumed, scented - (filled or impregnated with perfume; 'perfumed boudoir'; 'perfumed stationery'; 'scented soap') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fragrant . :Schedule :guid "bd58ce72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "agenda1n", "docket2n", "schedule1n" ; :wordnet "agenda", "docket", "schedule" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Plan specifying the times at which certain Actions are expected to happen. The Actions are under the control of the Person who created the Schedule, or told to that person by some other(s) who are in control. CYC:special kinds of Plans which deal with WHEN things are supposed to happen. For the hard-copy record of a schedule, see #$ScheduleDocument. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schedule' and sense 1 of 'agenda' in WordNet: 1. (11) agenda, docket, schedule - (a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeTable ] . :Scheduled :isAnAttributeValueOf :ScheduledAction, :ScheduledEvent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Scheduling ; :wnsense "scheduled1adj" ; :wordnet "scheduled" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scheduled' in Wordnet: 1. (1) scheduled - (planned or scheduled for some certain time or times; 'the scheduled meeting'; 'the scheduled flights had to be cancelled because of snow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :ScheduledAction :en "scheduled action" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScheduledAction'' is an Action, usually by a Person but sometimes by a natural force (lunar eclipse) that is expected to occur at some particular time or within some TimeInterval.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Predicted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Scheduled ] . :ScheduledEvent :en "planned event", "scheduled event" ; a :ContextType, :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScheduledEvent'' is an Event that is specified in some ''Schedule'' (a Plan that is a Procedure specification) that is intended to be executed at some time in the future. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PossibleFutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Schedule ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Scheduled ] . :Scheduling :wnsense "program1v", "programing1n", "programme2v", "programming1n", "schedule1v", "schedule2v", "scheduling1n" ; :wordnet "program", "programing", "programme", "programming", "schedule", "scheduling" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scheduling'' is 'MakingaPlan' in which the ''Plan'' is an instance of ''Schedule''; the ''Schedule'' can specify a time and place for an Event of any kind, as well as an agenda of activies with specific or flexible times for each.. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'schedule' and noun sense 1 of 'scheduling' in WordNet: 1. (21) schedule - (plan for an activity or event; 'I've scheduled a concert next week') 2. (6) schedule - (make a schedule; plan the time and place for events; 'I scheduled an exam for this afternoon') WN noun 'scheduling': 1. scheduling, programming, programing - (setting an order and time for planned events) WN verb 'program': 1. (4) program, programme - (arrange a program of or for; 'program the 80th birthday party') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtifact, :MakingaPlan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Schedule ; owl:onProperty :typicallyProduces ] . :Scheelite :guid "c0c95add-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scheelite1n" ; :wordnet "scheelite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scheelite' in WordNet: 1. scheelite - (a mineral used as an ore of tungsten) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, :Ore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tungsten ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tungsten ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Scheme :hasExecutionEvent :Deceiving ; :wnsense "scheme1n" ; :wordnet "scheme" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Plan whose execution as intended would be an instance of 'Deceiving'; a 'Crafty Action.' If successful, its execution would be an instance of a Deceiving. The WordNet 'scheme' does not have the component of 'deception', but otherwise fits this meaning. The WN sense is closer to 'Strategy' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scheme' in Wordnet: 1. (10) scheme, strategy - (an elaborate and systematic plan of action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strategy . :Scheming :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "calculating1adj", "calculative1adj", "conniving2adj", "designing1adj", "scheming1adj", "scheming2adj", "shrewd2adj" ; :wordnet "calculating", "calculative", "conniving", "designing", "scheming", "shrewd" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scheming' is a subtype of the attribute ''Clever'' characterizing People who try to achieve gain by deceptive or underhanded means through some more or less complex plan. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scheming' in Wordnet: 1. calculating, calculative, conniving, scheming, shrewd - (used of persons; 'the most calculating and selfish men in the community') 2. designing, scheming - (concealing crafty designs for advancing your own interest; 'a selfish and designing nation obsessed with the dark schemes of European intrigue'- W.Churchill; 'a scheming wife'; 'a scheming gold digger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clever . :SchemingAction :eng "intriguing", "scheming" ; :wnsense "connive2v", "intrigue2v", "scheme1v" ; :wordnet "connive", "intrigue", "scheme" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scheming'' is a ''Plotting'' carried out by at least two people, differing from 'plotting' in also being an attempt to deceive some Person(e). Typically but not necessarily used for illegal activities. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scheme' in WordNet: 1. (1) scheme, intrigue, connive - (form intrigues (for) in an underhand manner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Plotting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scheme ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deceiving ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :Schizophrenia :guid "be1930c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dementia praecox1n", "schizophrenia1n", "schizophrenic disorder1n", "schizophrenic psychosis1n" ; :wordnet "dementia praecox", "schizophrenia", "schizophrenic disorder", "schizophrenic psychosis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$PsychologicalAilments distinguished by disturbances in thinking. Such disturbances often involve a distortion of the usual logical relations among ideas, a separation between the intellect and the emotions so that feelings seem inappropriate to the situation, and a reduced tolerance for the stress of interpersonal relations with the result that the sufferer retreats from social intercourse into fantasy, delusions, and/or hallucinations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schizophrenia' in WordNet: 1. schizophrenia, schizophrenic disorder, schizophrenic psychosis, dementia praecox - (any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Psychosis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Schizophrenic ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Schizophrenic :isAnAttributeValueOf :SchizophrenicPerson ; :wnsense "schizoid1adj", "schizophrenic1adj" ; :wordnet "schizoid", "schizophrenic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'schizophrenic' in Wordnet: 1. (4) schizophrenic - (suffering from some form of schizophrenia; 'schizophrenic patients') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentallyIll . :SchizophrenicPerson :wnsense "schizophrenic1n" ; :wordnet "schizophrenic" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person suffering from ''Schizophrenia''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schizophrenic' in WordNet: 1. (1) schizophrenic - (someone who is afflicted with schizophrenia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SickPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Schizophrenia ; owl:onProperty :isTheSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Schizophrenic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Schizophrenical :pertainsTo :Schizophrenia ; :wnsense "schizoid1adj", "schizophrenic2adj" ; :wordnet "schizoid", "schizophrenic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Schizophrenical'' used to distinguish this from the adjective that characterizes a ''SchizophrenicPerson''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'schizophrenic' in Wordnet: 2. (1) schizoid, schizophrenic - (of or relating to or characteristic of schizophrenia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Scholar :wnsense "bookman1n", "scholar1n", "scholarly person1n" ; :wordnet "bookman", "scholar", "scholarly person" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who has a level of knowledge or expertise beyond the level of an average Expert in more than one narrow topic; a ''Master'' of multiple topics beyond the level of an average Expert; a peron evidently well-educated. For one more knowledgeable thatn theaverage ''Scholar'' use ''Savant'' For one knowledgeable about more than one subject,use ''Polymath'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scholar' in Wordnet: 1. (7) scholar, scholarly person, bookman, student - (a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Master, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ; owl:someValuesFrom :TopicType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scholarly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Scholarly :pertainsTo :Scholar, :ScholarlyArticle ; :wnsense "enlightened1adj", "erudite1adj", "knowledgeable1adj", "learned1adj", "learned2adj", "lettered1adj", "scholarly1adj", "well-educated1adj", "well-read1adj" ; :wordnet "enlightened", "erudite", "knowledgeable", "learned", "lettered", "scholarly", "well-educated", "well-read" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Of people or their writings. the A ''Scholarly'' person is one who is well-educated in more than one narrow field, and has studied much. A ''Scholarly'' work is one that demostrates careful thought and deep knowledge of a topic. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'learned' and adj sense 1 of 'scholarly' in WordNet: 1. (7) erudite, learned - (having or showing profound knowledge; 'a learned jurist'; 'an erudite professor') 2. (3) enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, well-educated, well-read - (highly educated; having extensive information or understanding; 'an enlightened public'; 'knowing instructors'; 'a knowledgeable critic'; 'a knowledgeable audience') WN adj 'scholarly': 1. (2) scholarly - (characteristic of scholars or scholarship; 'scholarly pursuits'; 'a scholarly treatise'; 'a scholarly attitude') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intelligent, :PertainingAttributeValue . :ScholarlyArticle :ldoce "article" ; :wnsense "article1n" ; :wordnet "article" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScholarlyArticle'' is an abstract ''Article'' that conveys factual information that gives evidence that the assertions presented were the result of careful thought and evidence of deep learning on the part of the author. These are more authoritative than the generic ''Artice'' and often appear in scientific journals and majr newpapers and periodicals dealig with serious tiocs other than entertainment """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Article, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scholarly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scholar ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Scholarship :wnsense "scholarship1n" ; :wordnet "scholarship" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Scholarship'' is ''EconomicAid'' given to assist a Student to finance school studies Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scholarship' in WordNet: 1. (7) scholarship - (financial aid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicAid . :School :guid "a68d2770-7a86-41d7-8ec0-bbd9534afb1f" ; :ldoce "school" ; :wnsense "school1n" ; :wordnet "school" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all schools. Some are single site organizations, while others have branches. Some are academic, while others teach skills. Some are private institutions while others are public. Rarely would any individual school be asserted to be an instance of #$SchoolInstitution since so many specializations of the concept exist. An EducationalOrganization with a curriculum, teachers, and students. Most Schools are housed in a Building dedicated to the EducationalOrganization. This is the Organization; for the school building, use 'SchoolBuilding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school' in WordNet: 1. (610) school - (an educational institution; 'the school was founded in 1900') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalOrganization, :Institution . :SchoolBoard :wnsense "school board1n" ; :wordnet "school board" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SchoolBoard'' is a ''SupervisoryBoard'' that makes rules for a school district.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school board' in WordNet: 1. (2) school board, board of education - (a board in charge of local public schools) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupervisoryBoard . :SchoolBuilding :en "school", "school building" ; :guid "bd58e27d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Building with at least one classroom where education is conducted . A building where any class from K-12 (kindergarten through 12th grade) meets is a #$SchoolBuilding. The physical quarters of a university will include many SchoolBuildings. Buildings belonging to schools, but not having classrooms will be in a different category. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teaching ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :SchoolBuilding-KThrough12 :guid "bd5906e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "school2n", "schoolhouse1n" ; :wordnet "school", "schoolhouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """There are lots of properties that are shared by high school buildings, grammar school buildings, and middle school buildings: e.g. they have cafeterias, gyms, principals, lockers, etc (KThrough12 means kindergarten through 12th grade) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'schoolhouse' in WordNet: 2. (108) school, schoolhouse - (a building where young people receive education; 'the school was built in 1932'; 'he walked to school every morning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolBuilding . :SchoolBus :guid "c1007d7e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "school bus1n" ; :wordnet "school bus" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large, lightweight, utilitarian bus used typically by schools for conveying children to and from school and school-related activities. Capacity up to 60 people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school bus' in WordNet: 1. school bus - (a bus used to transport children to or from school) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bus . :SchoolDay :wnsense "school day1n", "school5n", "schooltime1n" ; :wordnet "school", "school day", "schooltime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SchoolDay'' lasts typically from 8 or 9 AM to 2:30 to 3 PM, with many local variations, and usually excepting weekends. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school day' in WordNet: 1. school, schooltime, school day - (the period of instruction in a school; the time period when schools is in session; 'stay after school'; 'he didn't miss a single day of school'; 'when the school day was done we would walk home together') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolSessionTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :daily ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ] . :SchoolDistrict :guid "bd588f87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "school district1n" ; :wordnet "school district" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of geographical regions. An element of #$SchoolDistrict is typically a town-, township-, or city-sized area whose public schools (for grades K-12) are controlled by a single governing body, such as a Board of Education or School Board. Minor-aged residents of the district attend schools within that district. Typically, district schools are funded by property taxes on residents of the district. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school district' in WordNet: 1. school district - (a district whose public schools are administered together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalOrganization, :GeopoliticalEntity, :LegalGovernmentOrganization . :SchoolGrade :wnsense "class2n", "class5n", "form13n", "grade1n", "year4n" ; :wordnet "class", "form", "grade", "year" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SchoolGrade'' is the ''GroupOfPeople'', each of whom is attending or studying at some ''EducationalOrganization'', at the same educational level, typically categorized as a 'year' or 'grade', as in 'first grade', 'second grade'. This includes Kindergarten and a 'preschool'' that is managed by an ''EducationalOrganization'', if it has designated levels. For the specific attendees of a ''SchholGrade'' at some School use subtype ''ClassroomAttendees''. NOTE: this type represents the *level* (''Rank'') of education which is characteristic of each of the different grade numbers, as well as the total sum of all people attending classes at that level. This is mixed and should be analyzed in more detail. Corresponds most closely to but is broader than noun senses 2 and 5 of 'class', in WordNet: 2. (192) class, form, grade - (a body of students who are taught together; 'early morning classes are always sleepy') 5. (50) class, year - (a body of students who graduate together; 'the class of '97'; 'she was in my year at Hoehandle High') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :School ; owl:onProperty :isStudyingAt ] . :SchoolGrounds :en "school grounds" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SchoolGrounds is the group of objects in the physical region that comprises the property used by a a school (at any level, including university campuses). Because it is a geographical area, It includes the buildings and other structures as well as vegetation and anything else that is intended to be stably attached to the ground in that region. It does not include transient physical object, and in paricular does not include people who may be on the grounds. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroundsOfOrganization . :SchoolHead :en "school head" ; :practicesOccupation :TeachingAsAnOccupation ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SchoolHead'' is a Person who has the highest level of administrative authority in some school (or university). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Educator, :Leader, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :School ] . :SchoolHouse :guid "bd5906e2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "schoolhouse1n" ; :wordnet "schoolhouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SchoolHouse' is a building used as an elementary school, that is not larger than a typical house. These used to be more common, but as of 2013 are seldom seen. they often have more than one class in a single room. This is more specialized than the WordNet 'schoolhouse', and part of WN noun sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (3) school, schoolhouse - (a building where young people receive education; 'the school was built in 1932'; 'he walked to school every morning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolBuilding-KThrough12 . :SchoolInUniversity-DegreeGranting :guid "bd5909e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution. Each instance of this collection is a semi-autonomous (in contrast with #$AcademicDepartment) organization set up by a university to provide some kind of professional degree to students (such as Business or Nursing). A typical example of such an organization is Baylor Medical School.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution . :SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 :guid "bd58856c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 is a specialization of #$AcademicOrganization. Each instance of #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 is a school which provides instruction in all or some of the grades from kindergarten (K) through high school (12th-grade) education. Notable specializations of #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 include #$ElementarySchool, #$MiddleSchool, and #$HighSchool. ''GramarShchool''and ''HighShool'' in the US are usually separate organizations in separate buildings. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :School . :SchoolPrincipal :practicesOccupation :TeachingAsAnOccupation ; :wnsense "head teacher1n", "head13n", "principal2n", "school principal1n" ; :wordnet "head", "head teacher", "principal", "school principal" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SchoolHead'' is a Person who has the highest level of administrative authority in some school (or university). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'principal' in WordNet: 2. (2) principal, school principal, head teacher, head - (the educator who has executive authority for a school; 'she sent unruly pupils to see the principal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolHead, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 ] . :SchoolSession :wnsense "academic session1n", "academic term1n", "school term1n", "session2n" ; :wordnet "academic session", "academic term", "school term", "session" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SchoolSession'' is one of the periodic ''Session''s or 'terms' into which the shool calendar is divided. This includes school years as well as regular parts of the school year such as the subtype ''Semester''. These are ''SocialGathering''s, not ''TimeInterval''s. Corresponds to sense 2 of 'session' in WordNet: 2. (6) school term, academic term, academic session, session - (the time during which a school holds classes; 'they had to shorten the school term') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Session, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :SchoolGrounds ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ; owl:someValuesFrom :SchoolSessionTime ] . :SchoolSessionTime a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This entry is for the *TimeInterval* during which ''SchoolSession''s are held. The subtypes can specify whether it is a 'school year' or 'school day' or 'school semester' or 'school trimester'. Instances of this will be instances at particular schools in particular years. The WordNet entry for 'school term' is interpreted as an Action performed by the people involved. That WN sense is represented by ''SchoolSession''. in WordNet: 2. (6) school term, academic term, academic session, session - (the time during which a school holds classes; 'they had to shorten the school term') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval . :SchoolTeacher :wnsense "school teacher1n", "schoolteacher1n" ; :wordnet "school teacher", "schoolteacher" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Teacher who usually works (''typicallyWorksAt'') at a Primary or secondary school. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schoolteacher' in WordNet: 1. schoolteacher, school teacher - (a teacher in a school below the college level) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Teacher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :SchoolTuition :takesValue :PercentNumber ; :wnsense "tuition fee1n", "tuition1n" ; :wordnet "tuition", "tuition fee" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SchoolTuition'' is a subtype of ''Fee'', paid for to some School for the service of teaching a '''Student''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuition' in WordNet: 1. (2) tuition, tuition fee - (a fee paid for instruction (especially for higher education); 'tuition and room and board were more than $25,000') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fee . :SchoolType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SchoolType'' is a metaclass that allow classifying ad referring to ''School''s by type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationType . :SchoolYear :wnsense "academic year1n", "school year1n" ; :wordnet "academic year", "school year" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Typically from September to May or June, depending on the school. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'school year' in WordNet: 1. (2) school year, academic year - (the period of time each year when the school is open and people are studying) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolSessionTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :annually ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ] . :SchoolYearbook :wnsense "yearbook1n" ; :wordnet "yearbook" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SchoolYearbook'' is a ''Yearbook'' published annually with information about the graduating class and possibly other topics happening at a school in some year.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yearbook' in WordNet: 1. yearbook - (a book published annually by the graduating class of a high school or college usually containing photographs of faculty and graduating students) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Yearbook . :Schooled :en "schooled" ; :ened "schooled" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Teaching ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Schooled'' is the attribute of a Person that has graduated from high shool. If from college, use the subtype ''Educated''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Schoolmarm :wnsense "mistress2n", "schoolma'am1n", "schoolmarm1n", "schoolmistress1n" ; :wordnet "mistress", "schoolma'am", "schoolmarm", "schoolmistress" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'schoolmarm' in WordNet: 1. (1) schoolmarm, schoolma'am, schoolmistress, mistress - (a woman schoolteacher (especially one regarded as strict)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolTeacher, :Woman . :Schooner :uses :Rigging, :Sail ; :wnsense "schooner2n" ; :wordnet "schooner" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SailingShip''. RHW:Naut. any of various types of sailing vessel having a foremast and mainmast, with or without other masts, and having fore-and-aft sails on all lower masts. Cf. ketch, topsail schooner, yawl (def. 2). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'schooner' in WordNet: 2. schooner - (sailing vessel used in former times) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SailingShip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mast ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Schulz :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isTheCreatorOf :Peanuts-Comics ; a :MalePerson, :ProfessionalArtist . :Sciatica :guid "c0e7b6d4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sciatica1n" ; :wordnet "sciatica" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sciatica' in WordNet: 1. (2) sciatica - (neuralgia along the sciatic nerve) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Neuralgia . :Science :CYC "ScientificFieldOfStudy" ; :guid "bd58b7fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "science" ; :wnsense "science1n" ; :wordnet "science" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO; Any FieldOfStudy which tests theories on the basis of careful observations and/or experiments and which has a cumulative body of results. NOTE that this does not include studies primarily concerned with the application of scientific principles to solve practical problems, which is represented by 'Engineering'. Cyc 'ScientificFieldOfStudy': A specialization of #$FieldOfStudy. Each instance of #$ScientificFieldOfStudy is a specialized body of knowledge, theory, hypotheses, observations, and problems, which together constitute the informational content of a systematic endeavor to explain (some part of) the natural world by rational (and frequently, quantifiable) methods, including, but not limited to, induction, falsifiable hypotheses tested by repeatable physical experiments, and deductive proof. Instances of #$ScientificFieldOfStudy include the traditional hard sciences (e.g., #$Physics, #$Chemistry), the life sciences (e.g., #$Biology, #$Genetics, #$Toxicology), and #$Mathematics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'science' in WordNet: 1. (9) science, scientific discipline - (a particular branch of scientific knowledge; 'the science of genetics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy . :ScienceFiction-Genre :guid "f19469f0-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "science fiction1n" ; :wordnet "science fiction" ; a :GenreType, :ObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork that are of the science fiction genre. #$RobertHeinlein and #$IsaacAsimov are famous writers of this genre. See entry ''IsaacAsimov''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'science fiction' in WordNet: 1. (2) science fiction - (literary fantasy involving the imagined impact of science on society) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Genre, :Novel, :PropositionalConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Science ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Scientific :ldoce "scientific" ; :pertainsTo :Science ; :wnsense "scientific1adj" ; :wordnet "scientific" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Scientific' is the attribute of things that relate in some way to Science, which includes the ScientificMethod. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'scientific' in WordNet: 1. (16) scientific - - (of or relating to the practice of science; 'scientific journals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ScientificDiscovery :en "scientific dscovery" ; :enn "scientific dscovery" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScientificDiscovery'' is a ''NaturalPhenomenon'' that is discovered as a result of an ''ExperimentalResearch'' Action, which can be simple or complex, and performed in any location.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscoveredThing, :NaturalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExperimentalResearch ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :ScientificInstrument :wnsense "scientific instrument1n" ; :wordnet "scientific instrument" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scientific instrument' in WordNet: 1. scientific instrument - (an instrument used by scientists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Instrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExperimentalResearch ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ResearchScientist ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :ScientificMethod :en "scientific process" ; :wnsense "scientific method1n" ; :wordnet "scientific method" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ScientificMethod might be thought of as an instance of a methodology, but there is probably more than one notion of 'Scientific method', so this is here categorized as a class (Type) of Methodology. The basic component of the ScientificMethod is to test a hypothesis by careful observation. Thus the components are a hypothesis to explain observed phenomena, and a testing procedure that is 'Objective'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scientific method' in WordNet: 1. (3) scientific method - (a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Methodology, :ObjectiveCriteria . :ScientificTheory :ldoce "hypothesis", "possibility" ; :wnsense "hypothesis2n", "possibility3n", "theory2n" ; :wordnet "hypothesis", "possibility", "theory" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ScientificTheory' is a Theory that proposes and explanation of a set of natural phenomena by some principle or law that can be tested by experiment or observation. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'theory', senses 1 and 2 of 'hypothesis' and sense 3 of 'possibility' in WordNet: WN 'hypothesis': 1. (7) hypothesis - (a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations) 2. (6) hypothesis, possibility, theory - (a tentative theory about the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena; 'a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory'; 'he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Theory . :Scientifically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Scientific ; :wnsense "scientifically1adv" ; :wordnet "scientifically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'scientifically' in Wordnet: 1. (3) scientifically - (with respect to science; in a scientific way; 'this is scientifically interesting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Scientist :guid "bd58fbe7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "scientist" ; :wnsense "scientist1n" ; :wordnet "scientist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Scientist needs only advanced knowledge of and activiy related to science - it is not necessary to do research to be a Scientist. For research scientists, use 'ResearchScientist'. NOTE: ''Engineer' is represented as a 'cousin' type of this type, with the common parent/grandparent type ''ProfessionalPerson'' Cyc: An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$Scientist is a person who is educated and employed in one (or more) of the natural, social, or abstract sciences. Specializations of #$Scientist include the collections #$Astronomer, #$Chemist, #$Linguist, #$Mathematician, #$Geneticist, and #$CulturalAnthropologist. Coresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'scientist' in WordNet: 1. (15) scientist, man of science - (a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Researcher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Science ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Scientologists :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :BeliefGroup . :Scientology :hasBeliever :Scientologists ; :hasTopic :SelfKnowledgeIsGood ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """a new religion founded by L. Ron Hubbard in 1955 and characterized by a belief in the power of a person's spirit to clear itself of past painful experiences through self-knowledge and spiritual fulfillment. """ . :Scintillation :wnsense "glisten1n", "glister1n", "glitter1n", "scintillation4n", "sparkle3n" ; :wordnet "glisten", "glister", "glitter", "scintillation", "sparkle" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scintillation'' is a Quality (in WN), not an Event. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'scintillation' in WordNet: 4. glitter, glister, glisten, scintillation, sparkle - (the quality of shining with a bright reflected light) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brightness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrilliantlyLighted ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Scissors :guid "bd58b333-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "scissors" ; :wnsense "pair of scissors1n", "scissors1n" ; :wordnet "pair of scissors", "scissors" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CuttingDevice designed to cut a FreeSheet. It has two Blades, connected by a connector that also serves as a ''PivotDevice''. Cyc: hand tool made of two longish thinish pieces of usually metal connected with flat sides together by a rotating joint near the center of their longest dimension; they are opened to let material to be cut in, and as they are closed shear force is applied to the material causing it to be cut. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scissors' in WordNet: 1. scissors, pair of scissors - - (and edge tool having two crossed pivoting blades) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :EdgeTool, :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoBlades ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :ScissorsBlade a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ScissorsBlade' is a special kind of Blade that has a loop at the end, designed to be one of two blades of a Scissors; the loop in each blade makes it possible to grasp both blades with one hand, and swivel them around the pivot. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scissors ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoopedHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Sclerosis :wnsense "induration1n", "sclerosis1n" ; :wordnet "induration", "sclerosis" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sclerosis'' is a subtype of 'AilmentCondition' in which something internal body part (blood vessel, liver) becomes abnormally hard or thick. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sclerosis' in WordNet: 1. sclerosis, induration - (any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hardening ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Scolding :en "scolding" ; :wnsense "bawl out1v", "berate1v", "call down2v", "call on the carpet1v", "chew out1v", "chew up1v", "chide1v", "dress down1v", "have words1v", "jaw4v", "lambast12v", "lambaste2v", "lecture2v", "rag5v", "rebuke1v", "remonstrate3v", "reprimand2v", "reproof1v", "scold1v", "take to task1v", "trounce3v" ; :wordnet "bawl out", "berate", "call down", "call on the carpet", "chew out", "chew up", "chide", "dress down", "have words", "jaw", "lambast", "lambaste", "lecture", "rag", "rebuke", "remonstrate", "reprimand", "reproof", "scold", "take to task", "trounce" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Scolding'' is a 'Criticizing' of a Person that is intended to change the behavior of the person criticized. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scold' in WordNet: 1. (3) call on the carpet, take to task, rebuke, rag, trounce, reproof, lecture, reprimand, jaw, dress down, call down, scold, chide, berate, bawl out, remonstrate, chew out, chew up, have words, lambaste, lambast - (censure severely or angrily; 'The mother scolded the child for entering a stranger's car'; 'The deputy ragged the Prime Minister'; 'The customer dressed down the waiter for bringing cold soup') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criticizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :PurposefulAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :UndesirableBehavior ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CorrectingBehavior ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :ScombroidFish :wnsense "scombroid fish1n", "scombroid1n" ; :wordnet "scombroid", "scombroid fish" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scombroid fish' in WordNet: 1. scombroid, scombroid fish - (important marine food and game fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas; some are at least partially endothermic and can thrive in colder waters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercoidFish . :Scone :guid "c0e9be0e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scone1n" ; :wordnet "scone" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of scones. Scones are rich biscuit-like baked goods, originally British, which may include currents, raisins, or other fruit. In Britain they are served with tea, here they are more likely to be eaten at breakfast. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scone' in WordNet: 1. scone - (small biscuit (rich with cream and eggs) cut into diamonds or sticks and baked in an oven or (especially originally) on a griddle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biscuit, :BreadObject, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuickBread ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Scoop :en "scooper" ; :enn "scooper" ; :wnsense "scoop6n" ; :wordnet "scoop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Scoop'' is a large ''Ladle'' with the front end of its bowl level with the bottom part, so that it can be used to pick things up from a surface or inserted into a soft or granular object to pick up apart of it. RHW has 'scooper' as synonym of 'scoop'. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'scoop' in WordNet: 6. scoop - (a large ladle; 'he used a scoop to serve the ice cream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ladle . :Scooter :guid "c1009d40-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scooter2n" ; :wordnet "scooter" ; a :OpenSidedSupportingObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scooter' in WordNet: 2. scooter - (child's two-wheeled vehicle operated by foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :MountableTransporter, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ] . :Scope :ldoce "range" ; :wnsense "ambit1n", "compass2n", "orbit3n", "range1n", "reach2n", "scope1n" ; :wordnet "ambit", "compass", "orbit", "range", "reach", "scope" ; a :AttributeValueType, :ScopeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Scope' is a very vague concept, without any necessary conditions as of rev 987; it can be a physical area within which something operates or is effective, or a more abstract thing, such as a Context, as in the scope of some law. This is a broad and heterogeneous category use to represent the notions of 'range; or 'scope' or 'compass'. When possible, more specific types should be used. A 'scope' behaves in some ways like a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' when it specifies an area (of applicability of a law. for example) but making that a formal type would create a contradiction. NOTE: Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'range' and sense 1 of 'scope' in WordNet; note that this includes as a subtype 'Context' which is essentially semantically vacuous; therefore there are no necessary conditions attached to membership in this type - this may change in future versions (after rev987) if a more restricted meaning to 'scope' is adopted: In WordNet: 1. (47) scope, range, reach, orbit, compass, ambit - (an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: 'the range of a supersonic jet'; 'the ambit of municipal legislation'; 'within the compass of this article'; 'within the scope of an investigation'; 'outside the reach of the law'; 'in the political orbit of a world power') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual . :ScopeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Scope as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Scorching :wnsense "scorch2v", "scorch4v", "scorch5v", "singe1v", "singe2v" ; :wordnet "scorch", "singe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scorching'' is a ''HeatingSomething'' in which the surface of an organic object is heated sufficiently to cause noticeable chemical changes (but not necessarily a ''Charring'', which is an included subtype). The changes may not be undesirable, as in the case of intentional 'Charring' of foods Includes RHW senses 1 and 2 of verb 'scorch' : 1.too affect the color, taste, etc., of by burning slightly: The collar of the shirt was yellow where the iron had scorched it. 2. to parch or shrivel with heat: The sun scorched the grass. Includes senses 2, 4, and 5 of 'scorch' and senses 1 and 2 of verb 'singe' in WordNet: 2. scorch, sear, singe - (become superficially burned; 'my eyebrows singed when I bent over the flames') 4. char, blacken, sear, scorch - (burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color; 'The cook blackened the chicken breast'; 'The fire charred the ceiling above the mantelpiece'; 'the flames scorched the ceiling') 5. scorch - (become scorched or singed under intense heat or dry conditions; 'The exposed tree scorched in the hot sun') WN verb 'singe': 1. (1) singe, swinge - (burn superficially or lightly; 'I singed my eyebrows') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, :BecomingEvent, :HeatingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalDecomposition ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrganicMaterialObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :Scorekeeper :wnsense "scorekeeper1n", "scorer3n" ; :wordnet "scorekeeper", "scorer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scorekeeper' in WordNet: 1. scorekeeper, scorer - (an official who records the score during the progress of a game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsOfficial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scorekeeping ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Scorekeeping :en "keeping score", "scorekeeping" ; :enn "keeping score", "scorekeeping" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scorekeeping'' is a ''MakingaRecord'' of the official 'score' in a contest, usually athletic. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scorekeeper ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Scorer :wnsense "scorer1n" ; :wordnet "scorer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scorer' in WordNet: 1. scorer - (a player who makes a score in a game or contest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Player, :RoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScoringPoints ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :ScoringPoints :en "make a score", "scoring" ; :eng "scoring", "scoring a point", "scoring points" ; :env "make a score" ; :wnsense "hit13v", "rack up1v", "score1v", "tally2v" ; :wordnet "hit", "rack up", "score", "tally" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScoringPoints'' is a ''MakingaGain'' in a Game or Contest where a 'score' is kept; the number of points for any given''ScoringPoints'' Action varies with the game, and with the type of Action within any given Game. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'score' in WordNet: 1. (18) score, hit, tally, rack up - (gain points in a game; 'The home team scored many times'; 'He hit a home run'; 'He hit .300 in the past season') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaGain, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ; owl:someValuesFrom :GamePoints ] . :ScoringaFieldGoal :wnsense "field goal1n" ; :wordnet "field goal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScoringaFieldGoal'' is a ''ScoringPoints'' in a game of AmericanFootball where the scoring team gains ''ThreePoints''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'field goal' in WordNet: 1. (2) field goal - (a score in American football; a score made by kicking the ball between the opponents' goal posts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScoringPoints, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreePoints ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ] . :ScoringaRun :wnsense "run1n", "tally1n" ; :wordnet "run", "tally" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScoringaRun'' is a ''ScoringPoints'' in Baseball, where one point is scored. This can be part of a multiple score, as when a batter bats in more than one runner - up to four ''Run''s for a 'grand slam home run'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'run' in WordNet: 1. (18) run, tally - (a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely; 'the Yankees scored 3 runs in the bottom of the 9th'; 'their first tally came in the 3rd inning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScoringPoints, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :BaseballGame ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OnePoint ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ScoringaTouchdown :wnsense "touchdown1n" ; :wordnet "touchdown" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScoringaTouchdown'' is a ''ScoringPoints'' in a game of AmericanFootball where the scoring team gains ''SixPoints''. @mod65 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'touchdown' in WordNet: 1. (4) touchdown - (a score in American football; being in possession of the ball across the opponents' goal line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScoringPoints, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SixPoints ; owl:onProperty :hasThingAcquired ] . :Scorpion :guid "bd58f00d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "scorpion" ; :wnsense "scorpion3n" ; :wordnet "scorpion" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scorpion' in WordNet: 3. scorpion - (arachnid of warm dry regions having a long segmented tail ending in a venomous sting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arachnid, :VenomousAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stinger ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfacePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stinger ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Scot :wnsense "Scot1n", "Scotchman1n", "Scotsman1n" ; :wordnet "Scot", "Scotchman", "Scotsman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Scot' in WordNet: 1. (5) Scot, Scotsman, Scotchman - (a native or inhabitant of Scotland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scotland ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :ScotchTerrier :wnsense "Scotch terrier1n", "Scottie1n", "Scottish terrier1n" ; :wordnet "Scotch terrier", "Scottie", "Scottish terrier" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Scotch terrier' in WordNet: 1. Scotch terrier, Scottish terrier, Scottie - (old Scottish breed of small long-haired usually black terrier with erect tail and ears) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Terrier . :Scotland :has :GlasgowScotland ; :wnsense "Scotland1n" ; :wordnet "Scotland" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: ''Scotland'' is not an independent ''Country'' but has many country-like attributes. It is classified as a ''Country'' in Wordnet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Scotland' in WordNet: 1. (2) Scotland - (one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts) """ . :Scottish :isAnAttributeValueOf :Scotland ; :pertainsTo :Scot, :Scotland ; :wnsense "Scotch1adj", "Scots1adj", "Scottish1adj" ; :wordnet "Scotch", "Scots", "Scottish" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Scottish' in Wordnet: 1. Scots, Scottish, Scotch - (of or relating to or characteristic of Scotland or its people or culture or its English dialect or Gaelic language; \"Scots Gaelic\"; \"the Scots community in New York\"; \"'Scottish' tends to be the more formal term as in 'The Scottish Symphony' or 'Scottish authors' or 'Scottish mountains'\"; \"'Scotch' is in disfavor with Scottish people and is used primarily outside Scotland except in such frozen phrases as 'Scotch broth' or 'Scotch whiskey' or 'Scotch plaid'\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ScottishLanguage :wasCreatedBy :ScottishSpeakers ; :wnsense "Scots English1n", "Scots1n", "Scottish1n" ; :wordnet "Scots", "Scots English", "Scottish" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """The native Gaelic language of Scotland is called 'Scots Gaelic' - not yet represented in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Scottish' in WordNet: 1. Scottish, Scots, Scots English - (the dialect of English used in Scotland) """ . :ScottishSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :ScouringPad :wnsense "scouring pad1n" ; :wordnet "scouring pad" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scouring pad' in WordNet: 1. scouring pad - (a small abrasive cleaning pad used for scouring pots and pans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :DurableGood, :SpongyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScouringaSurface ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ScouringaSurface :wnsense "abrade2v", "scour2v", "scour3v", "scrub1v" ; :wordnet "abrade", "scour", "scrub" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb senses 2 and 3 of 'scour' in WordNet: 2. (1) scrub, scour - (clean with hard rubbing; 'She scrubbed his back') 3. scour, abrade - (rub hard or scrub; 'scour the counter tops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, :ApplyingAPressure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceOfaHardObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScouringPad ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ] . :Scout :wnsense "Scout2n" ; :wordnet "Scout" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Scout'' is a ''Child'' (male or female) who is a member of the BoyScouts or GirlScouts. OrganizationMembers include noun sense 2 of 'scout' in WordNet. 2. Scout - (a Boy Scout or Girl Scout) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Child, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScoutingOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :ScoutTroop :wnsense "scout group1n", "scout troop1n", "troop3n" ; :wordnet "scout group", "scout troop", "troop" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScoutTroop'' is one local group of young boys organized under the rulesof the ''Boy Scouts' or Girl Scouts. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'troop' in Wordnet: 3. troop, scout troop, scout group - (a unit of girl or boy scouts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScoutingOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScoutingOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ] . :ScoutingAhead :wnsense "reconnoiter1v", "reconnoitre1v", "scout1v" ; :wordnet "reconnoiter", "reconnoitre", "scout" ; a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScoutingAhead'' is an ''ExplorationSearch'' in which a Person or small GroupOfPeople go into some Region where others may want to go, or where some problems may be arising, to see what is there. This can be used for any kind of going ahead of a group, including military 'scouting' to determine if any enemy forces are present in a Region. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scout' in WordNet: 1. (2) scout, reconnoiter, reconnoitre - (explore, often with the goal of finding something or somebody) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CheckingUpOnSomething, :ExplorationSearch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationAboutaPlace ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ] . :ScoutingOrganization :en "scouting organization", "scouts" ; :enn "scouting organization" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any private sector social organization calling themselves 'scouts' (or 'Guides' e.g. in Russia, 'young pioneers') organized with the purpose of providing constructive and potentially educational activities for young people. This includes the ''BoyScouts'' and ''GirlScouts'', and the 'Explorers' for older youth. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOrganization . :Scowling :wnsense "scowl1v" ; :wordnet "scowl" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scowling'' expresses not only ''Dislike'' but also ''Dspleasure''. This may need differentiation from parent ''Frowning''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scowl' in WordNet: 1. (3) scowl - (frown with displeasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frowning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displeasure ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :ScrambledEggs :guid "bd58a423-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "eggs1n", "scrambled eggs1n" ; :wordnet "eggs", "scrambled eggs" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The edible portion of a bird's egg, cooked until solid (usually in a pan) and considered as a food substance. Can be eaten alone or with added materials (as in an omelette) Seea also ''Souffle'' for eggs whipped to a lighter aerated consistency. CYC 'ScrambledEgg': An egg which has been scrambled. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrambled eggs' in WordNet: 1. scrambled eggs - (eggs beaten and cooked to a soft firm consistency while stirring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakfastFood, :Egg-Foodstuff, :SolidFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggYolkStuff ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggWhiteStuff ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdsEgg ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScramblingFoodStuff ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Scrambling :en "scrambling" ; :isFasterThan :Walking ; :wnsense "scramble1v" ; :wordnet "scramble" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scrambling'' is a moving on foot (''Ambulation'') but in a hurried fashion,so it is not a 'walking' action. **not** for 'scrambling eggs'** Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scramble' in WordNet: 1. (9) scramble - (to move hurriedly; 'The friend scrambled after them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hurrying, :LocomotionProcess-Animal ; owl:disjointWith :Walking . :ScramblingFoodStuff :wnsense "beat10v", "scramble4v" ; :wordnet "beat", "scramble" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScramblingFoodStuff'' is an ''AgitatingAnObject in which the rod-like object used to mix some SolidFood is moved vigorously through the stuff so as to create a fine mixture, or in the case of the subtype ''WhippingFood'', to aerate the working material and possibly change a mostly liquid to a more solid state. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'scramble' in WordNet: 4. beat, scramble - (stir vigorously; 'beat the egg whites'; 'beat the cream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgitatingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HomogeneousObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vigorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Scrap :en "scrap" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Trash that can be recycled into usable material, as opposed to the other tpes of ''Trash'' which is so worthless as to be only fit to burn or dump in a landfill. The material picked up by a municipality as 'recyclables' is an instance of this type. Corresponds approximately to sense 4 of 'scrap' in RHW: 4. an old, discarded, or rejected item or substance for use in reprocessing or as raw material, as old metal that can be melted and reworked. WordNet does not have a sense of 'scrap' corresponding to this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trash, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recyclable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ScrapIron :wnsense "scrap iron1n" ; :wordnet "scrap iron" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScrapIron'' is ''Scrap' consisting mostly of Iron(or Steel), Usually this is applied to used iron objects collected together to be recycled.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrap iron' in WordNet: 1. scrap iron - (iron to be melted again and reworked) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trash, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :Scrapbook :guid "be510d99-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scrapbook1n" ; :wordnet "scrapbook" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The WN gloss indicates that there are 'blank' pages, but all of the pages in an album may have been filled and it is still an album. It *had* blank pages when new. CYC: The collection for scrapbooks; books with empty pages where you can stick pictures, newspaper articles, or other things you want to keep. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrapbook' in WordNet: 1. scrapbook - (an album into which clippings or notes or pictures can be pasted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Photograph ; owl:onProperty :mayHavePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clipping ; owl:onProperty :mayHavePart ] . :Scrape :wnsense "scrape4n", "scratch7n" ; :wordnet "scrape", "scratch" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Scrape'' is a ''Blemish'' that was created by ''ScrapingSomething''. This is a Physicalobject consisting of the part of an Object that has been marred by the ''ScrapingSomething'' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrape' in WordNet: 4. scratch, scrape, scar, mark - (an indication of damage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blemish, :DepressionOnObject, :LineOnaSurface, :Mark, :ScratchOnAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScrapingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :ScrapingSomething :wnsense "scrape3v", "scrape6v" ; :wordnet "scrape" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The event in which some object is abraded by moving across a ''RoughSurface''. Includes verb senses 1,2 and 3 of 'scrape' in RHW: 1. to deprive of or free from an outer layer, adhering matter, etc., or to smooth by drawing or rubbing something, esp. a sharp or rough instrument, over the surface: to scrape a table to remove paint and varnish. 2. to remove (an outer layer, adhering matter, etc.) in this way: to scrape the paint and varnish from a table. 3. to scratch, injure, or mar the surface of in this way: to scrape one's arm on a rough wall. Includes verb senses 3 and 6 of 'scrape' in WordNet: 3. (1) scratch, scrape, scratch up - (cut the surface of; wear away the surface of) 6. skin, scrape - (bruise, cut, or injure the skin or the surface of; 'The boy skinned his knee when he fell') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoughSurface ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scrape ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ScratchOnAnObject :wnsense "scratch2n" ; :wordnet "scratch" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScratchOnAnObject'' is a ''Blemish'' that is a ''LineOnaSurface'' that is formed by scratching an object, which is to make a depression on the surface by removing some surface material in a linear path on the surface. This is mostly used for artifacts, where a scratch on a car or furniture is an annoying ''Blemish'' that potentially reduces the value. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scratch' in Wordnet: 2. incision, scratch, prick, slit, dent - (a depression scratched or carved into a surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blemish, :DepressionOnObject, :LineOnaSurface, :Mark . :ScratchingAnItch :guid "bd58a62e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scratch3v" ; :wordnet "scratch" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScratchingAnItch'' action is when an animal - human or not - uses the hand (or for animals, often the leg) to rub the Skin, usually with fingernails or claws, to relieve an ''Itch''. This is not a subtype of ''ScratchingSomething'', as that type is a 'cutting' action, wehreas this type is a 'rubbing' action. In CYC labeled 'ScratchingOneself': CYC: Animal (including people) scratching to relieve an itch. This is typically done with the hand for humans,but sometimes other instruments are used. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'scratch' in Wordnet: 3. (1) rub, scratch, itch - (scrape or rub as if to relieve itching; 'Don't scratch your insect bites!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :PersonalGrooming, :Rubbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :LimbType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :ScratchingSomething :wnsense "scratch up1v", "scratch2v" ; :wordnet "scratch", "scratch up" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScratchingSomething'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' that does not cut the object into pieces, but only cuts a linear ''ScratchOnAnObject'' into the surface of the object. It may also produce shavings of any size, but they may not be noticeable and are usually not of significance. NOTe that ''ScratchingAnItch'' is not a subtype, as it is not a 'cutting' action. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'scratch' in WordNet: 2. (8) scratch, scrape, scratch up - (cut the surface of; wear away the surface of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, :CuttingSomething, :MarkingOnASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScratchOnAnObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Screaming :en "screaming" ; :guid "bd58b667-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "call5v", "cry1v", "holler2v", "hollo3v", "scream1v", "shout out1v", "shout2v", "squall2v", "yell1v" ; :wordnet "call", "cry", "holler", "hollo", "scream", "shout", "shout out", "squall", "yell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ControllableAutonomousActionType and a specialization of #$MakingAnOralSound. Each instance of #$Screaming is an event in which an agent makes a loud, piercing oral sound, often as an expression of #$Fear or #$Anger. The sound made in an instance of #$Screaming (i.e. the scream) may or may not be articulate. NOTE: this type does not include 'yelling' words in a loud voice to communicate something; for that sense use 'Shouting'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'scream' in WordNet; not included is the sense of shouting something to be understood at a distance, or over other noise: in WordNet: 1. (25) shout, shout out, cry, call, yell, scream, holler, hollo, squall - - (utter a sudden loud cry; 'she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle'; 'I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound . :Screen :guid "bd58ca00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "screen1n" ; :wordnet "screen" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC called 'Screen-Mesh': A *piece* of woven mesh used in windows, fireplace screens. This is just the mesh ''PhysicalObject''- things containing screening as a part are separate senses. See ''WindowScreen'' This can be made of metal or other solid material (as plastic) that can be made into flexible lines that can be interwoven. A 'Screen' is a Sheetlike Physical Barrier that only allows passage of objects below a certain size. It can be used to filter out objects from liquids or gases. Corresponds to *part* (for mesh only) of noun sense 1 of 'screen' in WordNet: 2. (3) blind, screen - (something that keeps things out or hinders sight; 'they had just moved in and had not put up blinds yet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreeSheet, :HomogeneousSolidObject, :Mesh, :PhysicalFilter, :SheetArtifact, :SheetlikeBarrier, :SolidTangibleArtifact, :Surface-Open, :Surface-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WebLike ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Screening ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :ScreenDoor :en "screen-door" ; :guid "be43f94c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "screen door1n", "screen7n" ; :wordnet "screen", "screen door" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'screen door' in WordNet: 1. (2) screen door, screen - (a door that consists of a frame holding metallic or plastic netting; used to allow ventilation and to keep insects from entering a building through the open door; 'he heard the screen slam as she left') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Door, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Screen ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Screening :wnsense "screening2n" ; :wordnet "screening" ; a :FabricType, :PorousSheetType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Screening'' is a woven ''Fabric'' that is made of metal or plastic in which the area of the pores is at least as large as the are of the metal or plastic threads. This is the material used to make a 'screen' to keep insects out of a building while allowing outside air to flow in. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'screening' in WordNet: 2. screening - (fabric of metal or plastic mesh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fabric, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalOrPlastic ] . :ScreeningaGroupOfThings :guid "bdea5f92-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "screen out1v", "screen1v", "screen2v", "screen3v", "screening4n", "sieve1v", "sort1v" ; :wordnet "screen", "screen out", "screening", "sieve", "sort" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScreeningaGroupOfThings'' is a ''SelectingAmong'' that is a simple ''Classifying'' in which a Group of Objects or Substances is examined to deterine if any among them have a specific desirable or undesirable characteristic, so as to treat those selected in an apropriate way different from the way the remainder of the Group is treated. This generate only two resulting subgroups. This is a broadly applicable type of Activity, including screening samples of substances (e.g. by pharmaceutical companies) for possible therapeutic activity ('drug screening'), sreening passengers or baggage at an airport or checkpoint to determine if any present a threat; checking the qualifications of students or employment candidates for admission or employment; culling a group to weed out those that are not satisfactory for a purpose; and other similar actions. Those specific actions would be subtypes. CYC: 'ScreeningOut' (this COSMO type may also be a 'screening in') #$ScreeningOut refers to the collection of all screening actions in which some elements of a list (or set) are removed from the list according to a particular set of (possibly arbitrary) selection criteria. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'screen' in WordNet: 1. (2) screen, test - (test or examine for the presence of disease or infection; 'screen the blood for the HIV virus') 2. (2) screen - (examine methodically; 'screen the suitcases') 3. screen, screen out, sieve, sort - (examine in order to test suitability; 'screen these samples'; 'screen the job applicants') WN noun 'screening': 4. screening - (testing objects or persons in order to identify those with particular characteristics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Classifying, :SelectingAmong, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelectionCriterion ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :YesNoDecision ] . :Screenplay :en "movie script" ; :guid "bf94ea28-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "screenplay1n" ; :wordnet "screenplay" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is an abstract conceptual work, not the physical document that is a subtype of ''PlayScript''. Each Screenplay is a Specification for how actors are to behave while executing the actions and dialogue. This is for scripts that are intended for performance that is recorded in some visual format, whether film or electronic media. CYC: The outline of a #$Movie-CW or #$TVShow-CW, giving the action in the order in which it takes place, the description of scenes and characters, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'screenplay' in WordNet: 1. (1) screenplay - (a script for a film including dialogue and descriptions of characters and sets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaScript, :DramaticComposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoviePerformance ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Screw-Connector :functionsTogetherWith :Nut-TheDevice ; :guid "bd588a46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "screw" ; :wnsense "screw2n" ; :wordnet "screw" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is for shaft-shaped screws that can connect to a 'Nut-TheDevice'. Tapered screws such as wood screws are separately represented.as 'TaperedScrew'. Cyc: Any Fastener that has threads and is designed to hold PhysicalObjects together by connecting with a matched threaded Connector on or behind the second object. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'screw' in WordNet: 2. screw - (a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :Shaft, :ThreadedDevice . :ScrewCapVial :guid "bd5ece7a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "phial1n", "vial1n" ; :wordnet "phial", "vial" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, :DosageFormType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScrewCapVial'' is a ''Vial'' with a cap that can be screwed on and off. To reversibly close it. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'vial' in WordNet: 1. phial, vial, ampule, ampul, ampoule - (a small bottle that contains a drug (especially a sealed sterile container for injection by needle)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScrewTopCap ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :ScrewShaped a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The shape attribute of a TaperedScrew (tapered, conical, not cylindrical), and having a spiral thread on the outside.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongConeShaped . :ScrewShapedObject :guid "c1005593-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Generic screw shape. For physical objects, see subtypes: 'Screw-Connector' (threads into a 'Nut-TheDevice') and 'TaperedScrew' (e.g. wood screws). NOTE that instances of this type only need to have some significant part in the shape of a screw, such as 'Nut-TheDevice' and 'Screw-Connector', where the gross external shape (the 'ConvexHull') of the device does not look at all helical. Cyc: An instance of #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType. This is the collection of all screw-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$ScrewShapedObject is roughly cylindrical or conical in shape, but has an external spiral thread starting at one end and running along most or all of its length. A screw-shaped object typically has a solid central axis. Specializations of this collection include #$Screw-Connector and #$DrillBit. Note that, while a few #$CorkScrews are #$ScrewShapedObjects, most (like those on Swiss Army knives) are actually instances of #$Helix.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing . :ScrewTopCap a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ScrewTopCap' is a cap for a ContainerWithTopCap, for which the cap and container have screwed sections intended to fit together so as to close the container. The ScrewTopCap could be a bottle cap or a jar lid, or perhaps some other device of similar function.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThreadedDevice, :TopCap . :Screwdriver :wnsense "screwdriver1n" ; :wordnet "screwdriver" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A hand tool used for 'ScrewingSomething' or 'UnscrewingSomething' screws, whether tapered or cylindrical. Typically has a handle, but *NOTE* that this type of 'Screwdriver' is prototypical, and must have a 'StraightHandle'. SUMO: A Device that is used to pound Nails into a surface, where they become firmly attached. COSMO note: this Type is for the traditional straight Screwdriver, though it may be purely hand-powered or battery-powered. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'screwdriver' in WordNet: 1. (1) screwdriver - (a hand tool for driving screws; has a tip that fits into the head of a screw) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarpentryTool, :HandTool, :SimpleTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScrewingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnscrewingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :ScrewingSomething :ldoce "screw" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :UnscrewingSomething ; :wnsense "screw3v", "screw4v" ; :wordnet "screw" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ScrewingSomething' is an Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') screws something **on** (as a cap) or **into** as a wood screw) another PhysicalObject. This is a form of ''Tightening'' Action. Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'screw' in WordNet: 3. screw, drive in - (cause to penetrate, as with a circular motion; 'drive in screws or bolts') 4. screw - (tighten or fasten by means of screwing motions; 'Screw the bottle cap on') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, :Tightening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreadedDevice ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnscrewingSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :ScrewingaScrewOrNut :ldoce "screw" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :UnscrewingaScrew ; :wnsense "screw3v", "screw4v" ; :wordnet "screw" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ScrewingaScrew' is a 'ScrewingSomething' Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') screws a 'Screw-Connector' (tapered or cyclindrical) **into** another PhysicalObject (as wood or a 'Nut-Device'), or a 'Nut-TheDevice' onto a cylindrical 'Screw-Connector'. Screwing a screw into a larger object with a properly fitting threaded hole is included. @ToDo: In spite of the restriction,this does not necessarily use a screwdriver, though it often does. That restriction is a placeholder for more detail. Includes verb senses 3 and 4 of 'screw' in WordNet: 3. screw, drive in - (cause to penetrate, as with a circular motion; 'drive in screws or bolts') 4. screw - (tighten or fasten by means of screwing motions; 'Screw the bottle cap on') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScrewingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :DeviceType :Screw-Connector :Nut-TheDevice ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Screwdriver ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnscrewingaScrew ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Scribble :wnsense "scrawl1n", "scribble1n" ; :wordnet "scrawl", "scribble" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The hand-written text produced by ''Scribbling'', often difficult to read. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scribble' in WordNet: 1. scribble, scratch, scrawl, cacography - (poor handwriting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandwrittenText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scribbling ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Scribbling :wnsense "scribble2v" ; :wordnet "scribble" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scribbling' is a ''WritingByHand'' in a careless (not careful) manner, often producing an unreadable or barely readable ''Scribble''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'scribble' in WordNet: 2. scribble, scrawl - (write carelessly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingByHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scribble ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Careless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ScriptDialogue :wnsense "dialog2n", "dialogue2n" ; :wordnet "dialog", "dialogue" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScriptDialogue'' is the part of the 'DramaticComposition' that specifies the words that the characters should speak, and in which sequence. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'dialogue' in WordNet: 2. (2) dialogue, dialog - (the lines spoken by characters in drama or fiction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiteraryWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DramaticPerformance ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayScript ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :Scripture :wnsense "sacred scripture1n", "scripture2n" ; :wordnet "sacred scripture", "scripture" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SacredText that is taken as presenting the core basis for some religion. This is applied mostly to the Hebrew and Christian bibles and to the Koran, but is also applied to other texts such as the 'Vedic Scriptures' of the Hindu religion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scripture' in Wordnet: 2. scripture, sacred scripture - (any writing that is regarded as sacred by a religious group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SacredText . :Scroll :guid "bef0824d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "roll10n", "scroll2n" ; :wordnet "roll", "scroll" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Scroll'' is a ''Document-Physical'' produced as a long sheet and rolled up onto one or two cylinders and read by unrolling it from the cylinder, or between the two cyliders. In ancient times it was handwritten, but modern scrolls can be printed, as for the Torah used in Jewish services. CYC: This collection includes documents printed or written on rolled paper. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'scroll' in WordNet: 2. scroll, roll - (a document that can be rolled up (as for storage)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manuscript, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScrollShape ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :ScrollShape :wnsense "coil2n", "curl1n", "curlicue1n", "gyre1n", "ringlet1n", "scroll1n", "whorl1n" ; :wordnet "coil", "curl", "curlicue", "gyre", "ringlet", "scroll", "whorl" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScrollShape'' is a ''RoundShape'' that is approximately cylindrical overall, but is composed of a long rolled-up sheet that has a cross-section of multiple spirals, from some point at or near the center to the outer edge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scroll' in WordNet: 1. coil, whorl, roll, curl, curlicue, ringlet, gyre, scroll - (a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shape . :Scrolling :wnsense "scroll1v" ; :wordnet "scroll" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scrolling'' performing some Action that causes the main display part of a scrollable 'Window' on a computer screen to move either up or down. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scroll' in WordNet: 1. scroll - (move through text or graphics in order to display parts that do not fit on the screen; 'Scroll down to see the entire text') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnObjectToMove, :ModifyingaComputerDisplay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerDisplayView ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :ScrollingDown :eng "scrolling down" ; :env "scroll down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScrollingDown'' is a subtype of ''Scrolling'' in which the main display part of a scrollable 'Window' on a computer screen moves down. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'scroll' in WordNet: 1. scroll - (move through text or graphics in order to display parts that do not fit on the screen; 'Scroll down to see the entire text') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scrolling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerDisplayView ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :ScrollingUp :eng "scrolling up" ; :env "scroll up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScrollingUp'' is a subtype of ''Scrolling'' in which the main display part of a scrollable 'Window' on a computer screen moves up. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'scroll' in WordNet: 1. scroll - (move through text or graphics in order to display parts that do not fit on the screen; 'Scroll down to see the entire text') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scrolling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerDisplayView ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :Scrotum :guid "c140bfba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scrotum1n" ; :wordnet "scrotum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all scrotums (or 'scrota'). An individual #$Scrotum is an external sac (#$Sac-Organic) of Skin, attached near the base of the #$Penis, which encloses the #$Testicles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrotum' in WordNet: 1. scrotum - (the external pouch that contains the testes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Sac-Organic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaleAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Penis ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Penis ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Testicle ; owl:onProperty :physicallyContains ] . :ScrubBrush :en "scrubbing-brush" ; :wnsense "scrub brush1n", "scrubbing brush1n" ; :wordnet "scrub brush", "scrubbing brush" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ScrubBrush'' is a ''Brush'' with stiff bristles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scrub brush' in WordNet: 1. scrub brush, scrubbing brush, scrubber - (a brush with short stiff bristles for heavy cleaning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brush, :CleaningImplement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortBristles ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StiffBristle ; owl:minCardinality "25" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scrubbing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Scrubbing :guid "bd58d27f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scour2v", "scrub1v" ; :wordnet "scour", "scrub" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scrubbing'' is type of ''WashingEvent'' in which the cleaning action is made more effective by ''Rubbing'' the object to be cleaned. This Action may use a ''ScrubBrush'' but the rubbing may be done by another implement such as a cloth. CYC: Cleaning by vigorously rubbing, usually with a sponge or a brush. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'scrub' in WordNet: 1. (4) scrub, scour - (clean with hard rubbing; 'She scrubbed his back') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, :Rubbing, :WashingEvent . :Scrutiny :ldoce "examine" ; :wnsense "examine2v", "inspect3v", "scrutinize1v", "scrutinize2v", "scrutiny1n" ; :wordnet "examine", "inspect", "scrutinize", "scrutiny" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A thorough inspection or examination. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'examination' and sense 1 of 'scrutiny' in WordNet: 1. (15) examination, scrutiny - (the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)) WN verb 'scrutinize': 1. (6) size up, take stock, scrutinize, scrutinise - (to look at critically or searchingly, or in minute detail; 'he scrutinized his likeness in the mirror') 2. audit, scrutinize, scrutinise, inspect - (examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification; 'audit accounts and tax returns') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CheckingUpOnSomething, :Inspection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Painstaking ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ScubaDiving :en "scubadiving" ; :wnsense "scuba diving1n" ; :wordnet "scuba diving" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ScubaDiving'' is a ''SwimmingUnderwater'' while using a ''SCUBA'' to allow breathing and staying under water for much longer than possible without some breathing device. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scuba diving' in WordNet: 1. scuba diving - (skin diving with scuba apparatus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkinDiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SCUBA ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Scuff a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Scuff'' is a ''Blemish'' that was created by ''Scuffing'', and is a noticeable mark caused by abrasion during use. This is used most commonly for 'Scuff' marks on the outer surface of ''Shoe''s. This is a Physicalobject consisting of the part of an Object that has been marred by the ''Scuffing'' Event. RHW 'scuff': 11. a marred or scratched place on an item, as from scraping or wear. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blemish, :DepressionOnObject, :Mark, :ScratchOnAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scuffing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Scuffed :en "scuffed" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Scuffing ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scuffed'' is an AttributeValue of the surface of an ArtifactObject that experienced a ''Scuffing''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Damaged . :Scuffing :guid "bd58fe56-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scuff2v", "scuff3v" ; :wordnet "scuff" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Scuffing happens to certain materials (e.g: leather) as a result of processes involving physical contact and is a special case of wear and tear. RHW 'scuff': 3. to mar by scraping or hard use, as shoes or furniture. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'scuff' in WordNet: 2. scuff - (get or become scuffed; 'These patent leather shoes scuffed') 3. scuff - (mar by scuffing; 'scuffed shoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScrapingSomething, :WearingDownFromUse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blemish ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Scuffling :wnsense "dogfight2n", "hassle2n", "rough-and-tumble1n", "scuffle1n", "scuffle2v", "tussle1n", "tussle1v" ; :wordnet "dogfight", "hassle", "rough-and-tumble", "scuffle", "tussle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Scuffling'' is a ''Fight-Physical'' that occurs among a small number of people, less violent than a ''Brawl''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'scuffle' in WordNet: 2. scuffle, tussle - (fight or struggle in a confused way at close quarters; 'the drunken men started to scuffle') WN noun 'scuffle': 1. (3) hassle, scuffle, tussle, dogfight, rough-and-tumble - (disorderly fighting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fight-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HittingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Scull :wnsense "scull3n" ; :wordnet "scull" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'scull' in WordNet: 3. scull - (a racing shell that is propelled by sculls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RacingShell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smaller ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScullOar ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :ScullOar :wnsense "scull1n" ; :wordnet "scull" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scull' in WordNet: 1. scull - (a long oar that is mounted at the stern of a boat and moved left and right to propel the boat forward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongOar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShipsStern ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Sculpting :guid "be2426a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grave1v", "sculpt1v", "sculpt2v", "sculpture1v", "sculpture2v" ; :wordnet "grave", "sculpt", "sculpture" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This collection includes instances of shaping an image or representation from a (semi)solid material (such as wood, stone, or metal), often resulting in a three-dimensional work of art. This type ''Sculpting'' is for creating a ''Sculpture'' by carving a solid object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sculpt' in WordNet: 1. sculpt, sculpture - (create by shaping stone or wood or any other hard material; 'sculpt a swan out of a block of ice') 2. sculpt, sculpture, grave - (shape (a material like stone or wood) by whittling away at it; 'She is sculpting the block of marble into an image of her husband') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarvingSomething, :CreatingAnArtObject, :FashioningSomething, :IBOCreation, :VisualArtActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sculpture ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sculptor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Sculptor :guid "be00c595-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carver3n", "sculptor1n", "sculpturer1n", "statue maker1n" ; :wordnet "carver", "sculptor", "sculpturer", "statue maker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sculptor' in WordNet: 1. (3) sculptor, sculpturer, carver, statue maker - (an artist who creates sculptures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisualArtist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sculpture ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sculpting ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Sculpture :guid "bd58acda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sculpture1n" ; :wordnet "sculpture" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Sculpture is a three-dimensional Object. All Scultpure is considered as a FineArtObject in COSMO, including things such as the friezes on a building (though not architecture itself); and fountains that are sculpture pieces but only incidentally are used to move water - which could be done in a less expensive way if the primary purpose was to move water. Fountains that merely move water with pipes, even if in some artistic array, are *not* considered as Sculpture in this sense. A ''Sculpture'' can be produe in any manner, e.g. by carving, molding or casting, or assembling from parts. Cyc: A specialization of #$ArtObject. Each instance of this collection is a tangible three-dimensional work of art. Buildings are not included, even though sculptural features of buildings (such as friezes) are. Types of #$Sculpture include stone statues, friezes, wood carvings, pipes welded into abstract art sculptures, etc. Example instances: the #$StatueOfLiberty, the #$MountRushmoreMonument, Michelangelo's David, the friezes on the #$Parthenon, the Buddhas at Longan. See also #$Sculptor. COSMO note: thus type includes cast sculptures such as bronzes, or ceramic figurines, not merely those carved by hand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sculpture' in WordNet: 1. (9) sculpture - (a three-dimensional work of plastic art) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :FineArtObject, :HexalateralObject, :StillImageSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreeDimensional ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Scurvy :guid "c0fd6b05-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scorbutus1n", "scurvy1n" ; :wordnet "scorbutus", "scurvy" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A condition arising from having a vitamin C deficiency. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scurvy' in WordNet: 1. scurvy, scorbutus - (a condition caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Avitaminosis, :DietaryDeficiencyCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VitaminC ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ] . :Scuttle :wnsense "coal scuttle1n", "scuttle1n" ; :wordnet "coal scuttle", "scuttle" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Scuttle'' is a ''Bucket'' used for carrying ''Coal''. RHW: 1. a deep bucket for carrying coal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scuttle' in WordNet: 1. scuttle, coal scuttle - (container for coal; shaped to permit pouring the coal onto the fire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bucket, :OpenTopContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Scythe :wnsense "scythe1n" ; :wordnet "scythe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device which consists of a long handle, and a head having a long curved knife blade for reaping tall crops by cutting at the base. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'scythe' in WordNet: 1. scythe - (an edge tool for cutting grass; has a long handle that must be held with both hands and a curved blade that moves parallel to the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, :HandTool, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongHandle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurvedBlade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReapingCrops ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Sea :guid "bd58cc7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sea" ; :wnsense "sea1n" ; :wordnet "sea" ; a :HabitatType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$BodyOfWater-Large and #$SeaWater. Each instance of #$Sea is a body of salt water as large as (or larger than) a lake. Instances of #$Sea include #$PacificOcean, #$IonianSea, #$EastChinaSea, and #$BlackSea. COSMO note: Some lakes having 'Sea' in the name are actually composed of fresh water. The term 'Sea' in COSMO is used specifically for bodies of salt water, whether they are or are not connected to an ocean, and large fresh water lakes are not instances. The Dead Sea is an instance, as are all the oceans and the seas and bays connected to the oceans, such as the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. NOTE: a ''Sea'' and other ''BodyOfWater''s include the thin layer of 'bed' underneath. ??the Great Salt lake in Utah?? Not if a Sea must be connected to an Ocean. That is implied but not yet logically specified either way. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea' in WordNet: 1. (38) sea - (a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfSaltWater, :BodyOfWater-Large, :Habitat, :InanimateObject-Natural, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeaWater ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SeaBed :en "sea floor" ; :enn "sea floor" ; :wnsense "Davy Jones's locker1n", "Davy Jones1n", "ocean bottom1n", "ocean floor1n", "sea bottom1n", "seabed1n" ; :wordnet "Davy Jones", "Davy Jones's locker", "ocean bottom", "ocean floor", "sea bottom", "seabed" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SeaBed'' is the thin layer of ground that underlies a ''BodyOfSaltWater''. This includes the 'beds' of any ''BodyOfSaltWater'' of any size including bays, channels, straits, and lagoons, that are connected directly or indirectly with an ''Ocean''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seabed' in WordNet: 1. ocean floor, ocean bottom, seabed, sea bottom, Davy Jones's locker, Davy Jones - (the bottom of a sea or ocean) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterBodyBed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sea ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sea ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfSaltWater ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyBelow ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfSaltWater ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :SeaCow :wnsense "sea cow1n", "sirenian mammal1n", "sirenian1n" ; :wordnet "sea cow", "sirenian", "sirenian mammal" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea cow' in WordNet: 1. sea cow, sirenian mammal, sirenian - (any of two families of large herbivorous aquatic mammals with paddle-shaped tails and flipper-like forelimbs and no hind limbs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeaMammal . :SeaCucumber :guid "1a025400-1448-11d7-87bf-000347a4228d" ; :wnsense "holothurian1n", "sea cucumber1n" ; :wordnet "holothurian", "sea cucumber" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Echinodermata. Sea cucumbers are common echinoderms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea cucumber' in WordNet: 1. sea cucumber, holothurian - (echinoderm having a flexible sausage-shaped body, tentacles surrounding the mouth and tube feet; free-living mud feeders) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Echinodermata . :SeaHorse :guid "c0fd67b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sea horse2n", "seahorse2n" ; :wordnet "sea horse", "seahorse" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sea horse' in WordNet: 2. seahorse, sea horse - (small fish with horselike heads bent sharply downward and curled tails; swim in upright position) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fish, :MarineOrganism, :NonHumanAnimal . :SeaLion :guid "c0fd6a19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sea lion1n" ; :wordnet "sea lion" ; a :AgentType, :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN parent 'pinniped' omitted. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea lion' in WordNet: 1. sea lion - (any of several large eared seals of the northern Pacific related to fur seals but lacking their valuable coat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EaredSeal . :SeaMammal :guid "bd588cdf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aquatic mammal1n" ; :wordnet "aquatic mammal" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Mammals which spend most of their lives in the ocean. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'aquatic mammal' in WordNet: 1. aquatic mammal - (whales and dolphins; manatees and dugongs; walruses; seals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AquaticMammal, :MarineOrganism, :NonHumanAnimal, :PlacentalMammal . :SeaOtter :guid "c0fd6b61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sea otter1n" ; :wordnet "sea otter" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea otter' in Wordnet: 1. sea otter, Enhydra lutris - (large marine otter of northern Pacific coasts having very thick dark brown fur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mustelidae, :Otter . :SeaShell :ldoce "shell" ; :wnsense "shell10n" ; :wordnet "shell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The shell of a mollusc such as a clam or oyster. Limestone consists of the remains of the Seashells of many molluscs. This is for one continuous piece of shell substance - a ''Bivalve'' will have two of these. Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'shell' in WordNet: 10. shell - - (the hard largely calcareous covering of a mollusc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyCovering, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Shell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CalciumCarbonate ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mollusk ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :SeaSwell :ldoce "swell" ; :wnsense "swell1n" ; :wordnet "swell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :WaveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large wave without a crest, located on some Sea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swell' in WordNet: 1. (3) swell, crestless wave - (the undulating movement of the surface of the open sea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterWave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sea ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeaWater ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :SeaTurtle :guid "bd589288-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sea turtle1n" ; :wordnet "sea turtle" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea turtle' in Wordnet: 1. sea turtle, marine turtle - (any of various large turtles with limbs modified into flippers; widely distributed in warm seas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarineOrganism, :Turtle . :SeaUrchin :guid "1a022cf0-1448-11d7-87bf-000347a4228d" ; :wnsense "sea urchin1n" ; :wordnet "sea urchin" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Echinodermata. Sea urchins are common echinoderms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea urchin' in Wordnet: 1. sea urchin - (shallow-water echinoderms having soft bodies enclosed in thin spiny globular shells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Echinodermata . :SeaVoyage :ldoce "sail", "voyage" ; :wnsense "sail1v", "voyage1n", "voyage1v" ; :wordnet "sail", "voyage", "water travel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SeaVoyage' is a 'LongJourney' that takes place in a boat on an Ocean or part of an Ocean, or on some large Sea Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'voyage' and part of verb sense 1 of 'sail' (must be on an ocean) in WordNet: 1. (11) ocean trip, voyage - (an act of traveling by water) WN verb 'voyage': 1. voyage, sail, navigate - (travel by boat propelled by wind or by other means; 'The QE2 will sail to Southampton tomorrow') WN verb 'sail': 1. (13) sail - (traverse or travel by ship on (a body of water); 'We sailed the Atlantic'; 'He sailed the Pacific all alone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongJourney, :WaterTravel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ship ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater-Large ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :SeaWater :guid "bd590519-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :Ocean ; :isLocatedAt :Ocean ; :wnsense "sea water1n", "seawater1n" ; :wordnet "sea water", "seawater" ; a :HabitatType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Water-Saline. Each instance of #$SeaWater is a portion of salt water with the kind of mineral concentrations found in oceans (see the collection #$Ocean) - including the oceans themselves. This is currently used for Seawater in situ as well as that removed from an ocean for other uses. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'seawater' in Wordnet: 1. (1) seawater, saltwater, brine - (water containing salts; 'the water in the ocean is all saltwater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Water-Saline . :Seabird :wnsense "sea bird1n", "seabird1n", "seafowl1n" ; :wordnet "sea bird", "seabird", "seafowl" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seabird' in WordNet: 1. seabird, sea bird, seafowl - (a bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AquaticBird . :Seafood :guid "bde3cd8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "seafood1n" ; :wordnet "seafood" ; a :FoodType, :RoleType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of portions of meat of edible fish and shellfish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seafood' in WordNet: 1. seafood - (edible fish (broadly including freshwater fish) or shellfish or roe etc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :Meat, :SolidFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AquaticOrganism ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Seagull :guid "bd64dbd4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gull2n", "seagull1n" ; :wordnet "gull", "seagull" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Shore bird. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seagull' in WordNet: 1. (1) gull, seagull, sea gull - (mostly white aquatic bird having long pointed wings and short legs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Larid, :Scavenger, :ShoreBird . :Seal-Animal :guid "bd5888f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "seal9n" ; :wordnet "seal" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes sea-lions and earless or 'true' seals. WN parent 'pinniped' omitted. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'seal' in WordNet: 9. seal - (any of numerous marine mammals that come on shore to breed; chiefly of cold regions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore, :SeaMammal . :SealDevice :en "security seal" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SealDevice is a SecurityDevice that must be visibly broken in order to obtain entry to a sealed container or room, and thereby signifies an intrusion to a StationaryArtifact when subsequently examined, but does not actively issue a warning when broken. It can be as simple as a band of material, often metal, passed between the rings on the PortalCovering and the Portal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SecurityDevice . :Sealant :guid "bd58ae30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sealant1n" ; :wordnet "sealant" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specifically the type of sealant that is applied as a liquid or semiliquid, and congeals into a solid. This includes varnishes and calk and similar products. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sealant' in Wordnet: 1. sealant, sealer - (a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :SolidifyingSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SealingSomething ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ] . :Sealed :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SealingSomething ; :wnsense "sealed2adj" ; :wordnet "sealed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sealed'' is the attribute of containers that have been made tight and unlikely to leak fluid, due to being subjected to some ''SealingSomething'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sealed' in Wordnet: 2. sealed - (closed or secured with or as if with a seal; 'my lips are sealed'; 'the package is still sealed'; 'the premises are sealed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Closed . :SealingObject a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SealingObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that is intended for or primarily used for ''SealingSomething''. This can be weatherstripping or a layer of solid material that covers a whole surface to stop up pores and cracks, or anything else designed for that purpose. Liquids or semiliquids that harden after application, that are used as sealant are represented by the type ''Sealant''. This includes varnishes and calk and similar products. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject . :SealingSomething :en "sealing" ; :wnsense "seal1v" ; :wordnet "seal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes parts of noun sense 1 of 'seal' in Wordnet, where a ''Sealant'' is used to close pores, holes or cracks in some physical Object: in WordNet: 1. (4) seal - (close with or as if with a seal; 'She sealed the letter with hot wax') 2. (3) seal, seal off - (make tight; secure against leakage; 'seal the windows') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :Sealant :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :Seam :wnsense "seam1n" ; :wordnet "seam" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Seam'' is a ''Joint'' (a connecting part between two objects) that forms a line. This is a linear part of an object consisting of the edges on each of two component PhysicalObjects. Includes sense 1 and 3 of 'seam' in RHW: 1, the line formed by sewing together pieces of cloth, leather, or the like. 3. any line formed by abutting edges. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seam' in WordNet: 1. (2) seam - (joint consisting of a line formed by joining two pieces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Joint-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EdgeOnObject ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ] . :Seaman :wnsense "Jack-tar1n", "Jack2n", "gob1n", "mariner1n", "old salt1n", "sea dog1n", "seafarer1n", "seaman1n", "tar2n" ; :wordnet "Jack", "Jack-tar", "gob", "mariner", "old salt", "sea dog", "seafarer", "seaman", "tar" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for male ''Sailor''s, Navy or civilian.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mariner' in WordNet: 1. mariner, seaman, tar, Jack-tar, Jack, old salt, seafarer, gob, sea dog - (a man who serves as a sailor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man, :Sailor . :Seamstress :wnsense "dressmaker1n", "modiste2n", "needlewoman1n", "seamstress1n", "sempstress1n" ; :wordnet "dressmaker", "modiste", "needlewoman", "seamstress", "sempstress" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Woman who produces objects of clothing as a profession. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seamstress' in WordNet: 1. dressmaker, modiste, needlewoman, seamstress, sempstress - (someone who makes or mends dresses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GarmentMaker, :ProfessionalPerson, :Woman . :Seaport :guid "bd5e92ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "port1n", "seaport1n" ; :wordnet "port", "seaport" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Seaport'' is a ''OutdoorGeographicalObject'' consisting of a ''Harbor'' and adjacent land where some ''PortFacility'' is located, having facilities for loading and/or unloading ships. CYC: The collection of seaports. The entire area, including land area and man-made structures, where boats dock and water traffic is handled. A single seaport contains at least one instance of #$PortFacility. Developed seaports in industrial countries are typically under the jurisdiction of the port authority of the city in which the seaport is located. See also #$PortCity. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'seaport' (port is a different type) and part of noun sense 1 (for sea) of ''Port'' in WordNet: 1. (8) seaport, haven, harbor, harbour - (a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo) WN noun 'port': 1. (5) port - (a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorGeographicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Harbor ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PortFacility ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater-Large ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Searcher :wnsense "quester1n", "searcher1n", "seeker1n" ; :wordnet "quester", "searcher", "seeker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seeker' in WordNet: 1. (1) seeker, searcher, quester - (someone making a search or inquiry; 'they are seekers after truth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Searching ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Searching :en "searching" ; :ldoce "search" ; :wnsense "search1n", "search1v", "search2n", "search2v", "search5n", "seek2v" ; :wordnet "search", "seek" ; a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A PurposefulAction in which an Animal takes actions to find something that is not immediately available. This is a broad category, including searching for abstract things like information and for concrete things like lost keys, or for ''Pursuig'' something (even if it is in sight during the pursuit) or for hunting prey. Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 5 and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'search' in WordNet: 1. (14) search, hunt, hunting - - (the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone) 2. (6) search - - (an investigation seeking answers; 'a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing'; 'the outcome justified the search') 5. search - - (boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas; 'right of search') WN verb 'search': 1. (13) search, seek, look for - (try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of; 'The police are searching for clues'; 'They are searching for the missing man in the entire county') 2. (12) search, look - (search or seek; 'We looked all day and finally found the child in the forest'; 'Look elsewhere for the perfect gift!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :SearchingForAnObject :wnsense "search4v" ; :wordnet "search" ; a :ActionType, :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SearchingForAnObject'' is a type of ''Searching'' for some physical object in some specific location. 'pat down'? For searching a Person for hidden objects. - subtype? RHW 'pat-down': an act or instance of passing the hands over the body of a clothed person to detect concealed weapons, drugs, etc.; frisking. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'search' in WordNet: 4. (2) search - (subject to a search; 'The police searched the suspect'; 'We searched the whole house for the missing keys') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Searching, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FindingAPhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :SearchingForFood a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SearchingForFood'' is a ''Searching'' that may be performed by humans or non-human animals, with the goal of finding food. This is part of the activity of ''Foraging'' (by animals) and ''HumanForaging'' by people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :Searching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPursued ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ] . :SearchingType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SearchingType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for Searching, Hunting,and Finding.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :Season :wnsense "season1n" ; :wordnet "season" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Season''is the ''TimeInterval'' of less than one Year that co-occurs with some ''HumanActivity'' of any kind,such as agriculture, education, entertainment, festivals, or sports. 'Rainy season' is a borderline included cAse, when it is relevant to and has impact on human activities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'season' in WordNet: 1. (335) season - (a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field; 'he celebrated his 10th season with the ballet company'; 'she always looked forward to the avocado season') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventIndexedTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :co-occurredWith ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanActivity ] . :SeasonOfYear :guid "bd5884de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "season" ; :wnsense "season2n" ; :wordnet "season" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In SUMO a time interval, in Cyc an Event. We adopt the time interval interpretation for COSMO. COSMO-TODO perhaps this should just be a TemporalThing? A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$SeasonOfYear is an event characterized by specific meteorological or climatic conditions that occurs during an annual climate cycle (see #$AnnualClimateCycle). Notable specializations are #$WinterSeason, #$SpringSeason, #$SummerSeason, and #$FallSeason. SUMO: SeasonOfYear is the class of four seasons correlated with the calendar Year and associated with changes in the length of daylight and with overall temperature changes. Depending upon the GeographicArea, a SeasonOfYear may also be associated with weather patterns (e.g., rainy, dry, windy). The characteristics of seasons (cold vs. hot temperatures, long vs. short days) are reversed from the NorthernHemisphere to the SouthernHemisphere. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'season' in WordNet: 2. (59) season, time of year - (one of the natural periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices or atmospheric conditions; 'the regular sequence of the seasons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime . :Seasonal :wnsense "seasonal1adj" ; :wordnet "seasonal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Seasonal'' is a ''Recurring'' (a qualitative attribute) of Events or States that 'repeat' or 'recur' in similar manner during some recurring part of the year, such as a 'Season'' or some feast or holiday that recurs each year. The 'season' that characterizes such events or states can be a ''movable feast' and need not recur on the same calendar date, such as 'Passover'. Thus the level of promotion of Matzohs and kosher foods can be 'seasonal'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seasonal' in Wordnet: 1. (2) seasonal - (occurring at or dependent on a particular season; 'seasonal labor'; 'a seasonal rise in unemployment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OccurringPeriodically . :Seasoned :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :LearningExperience ; :wnsense "seasoned2adj", "veteran1adj" ; :wordnet "seasoned", "veteran" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'seasoned' in Wordnet: 2. seasoned, veteran - (rendered competent through trial and experience; 'troops seasoned in combat'; 'a seasoned traveler'; 'veteran steadiness'; 'a veteran officer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :SeasonedWithSeasoning :en "seasoned" ; :enadj "seasoned" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SeasoningFood ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: there is no WN or RHW sense for adj 'seasoned' in this sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Seasoning :wnsense "flavorer1n", "flavoring1n", "flavourer1n", "flavouring1n", "seasoner2n", "seasoning1n" ; :wordnet "flavorer", "flavoring", "flavourer", "flavouring", "seasoner", "seasoning" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seasoning' in WordNet: 1. flavorer, flavourer, flavoring, flavouring, seasoner, seasoning - (something added to food primarily for the savor it imparts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumableProduct, :FoodIngredientOnly, :Spice . :SeasoningFood :wnsense "flavor1v", "flavour1v", "season1v" ; :wordnet "flavor", "flavour", "season" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SeasoningFood'' is the act of ''Enriching'' the taste of some prepared food by adding some ''Seasoning''. elish, flavor, flavour, sapidity Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'season' in WordNet: 1. season, flavor, flavour - (lend flavor to; 'Season the chicken breast after roasting it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddingEvent, :Enriching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Taste ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Food :FoodObject :FoodType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seasoning ; owl:onProperty :hadAddedObject ] . :SeatCushion :wnsense "seat cushion1n" ; :wordnet "seat cushion" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SeatCushion'' is a ''Cushion'' designed to be used on the seating surface of a ''Seat'' of some kind. This includes the cushions sold as part of an armchair, as well as those desiged to be added to the hard surface of a chair that has a seat with no built-in cushioning. The restriction 'isOnTopOf' is to beinterpreted as meaning that when it is 'funcitoning' as intended, it is located on top of a chair. Perhaps a more specialized 'onTopOf' relation is needed?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seat cushion' in WordNet: 1. seat cushion - (a cushion that makes a seat more comfortable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cushion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeatedPerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chair ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chair ; owl:onProperty :isOnTopOf ] . :Seated :wnsense "seated1adj", "sitting1adj" ; :wordnet "seated", "sitting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Seated'' is the Attribute of a '''SeatedPerson'', is performing a ''SittingEvent'' (on the floor or any other kind of solid surface). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seated' in Wordnet: 1. (7) seated, sitting - ((of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks; 'the seated Madonna'; 'the audience remained seated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SeatedAssemblyConstruct a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SeatedAssemblyConstruct'' is a Building or part of a building that has permanent seats built in (such as a theater, auditorium or church) or are commonly used with rows of seats for seating during assemblies. NOTE that this is broad, and can be as small as a ''RestaurantBooth'' at the side of a Restaurant that seats two to six people. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :HumanOccupationConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublicAssembly ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeatingDevice ; owl:minCardinality "20"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :spatiallyContains ] . :SeatedPerson :en "seated person" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SeatedPerson' is the Role that a Person takes on when in a sitting position . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasRoleFiller ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SittingEvent ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Seating :wnsense "seating1n", "seats1n" ; :wordnet "seating", "seats" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Seating'' is any Group of ''SeatingDevice''s available for ''Person''s to use for a ''SittingEvent''. The label 'seating' can be used for the seats themselves or the ''SeatingArea'' where the seats are located . Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'seating area' in WordNet: 1. seating, seats, seating room, seating area - (an area that includes places where several people can sit; 'there is seating for 40 students in this classroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeatingDevice ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SittingEvent ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :SeatingArea :wnsense "seating area1n", "seating room1n", "seating1n" ; :wordnet "seating", "seating area", "seating room" ; a :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SeatingArea'' is a ''GatheringPlace'' cotaining or potentially containing ''SeatingDevice''s to allow people to sit while assembled together, especially to listen to a talk or watch a perormance. This can be an outdoor area in which seats have been set up, or an indoor area where seats can be set up (e.g. a school gymnasium or room in a hotel set aside for meetings) or a place, as in a theater, where fixed seats are installed. NOTE: the terms 'seats' and 'seating' are used for a Group of ''SeatingDevice''s - labeled ''Seating''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seating area' in WordNet: 1. seating, seats, seating room, seating area - (an area that includes places where several people can sit; 'there is seating for 40 students in this classroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GatheringPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seating ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :SeatingDevice :guid "bd588351-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "seat" ; :wnsense "seat3n", "seat4n" ; :wordnet "seat" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC #$SeatingDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$SeatingDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to serve as a sitting place for people. Types of seating devices include sofas, chairs (fixed or foldable), benches, camp and stadium stools, theatre seats, swings, bicycle seats, saddles, and more. NOTE that among seating devices, a 'Chair' is fairly specific, being portable. Some seats for single persons will therefore not be 'Chairs' in this terminology. This includes both senses 3 and 4 of 'seat' in WN, representing a general sense of 'seat' that does not have to be a piece of movable furniture. The subtypes can make that distinction. Corresponds to noun senses 3 and 4 (difference?) of 'seat' in WordNet: 3. (2) seat - - (furniture that is designed for sitting on; 'there were not enough seats for all the guests') 4. (2) seat - (any support where you can sit (especially the part of a chair or bench etc. on which you sit); 'he dusted off the seat before sitting down') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Holder, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SittingEvent ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Seaweed :guid "bd590502-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "seaweed1n" ; :wordnet "seaweed" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seaweed' in WordNet: 1. (1) seaweed - (plant growing in the sea, especially marine algae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alga, :MarineOrganism . :SeaworthyBoat :wnsense "sea boat1n" ; :wordnet "sea boat" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Boat''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea boat' in WordNet: 1. sea boat - (a boat that is seaworthy; that is adapted to the open seas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boat, :HumanScaleObject, :Watercraft-Surface . :Seceding :wnsense "break away4v", "secede1v", "secession3n", "splinter1v", "withdrawal5n" ; :wordnet "break away", "secede", "secession", "splinter", "withdrawal" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Seceding'' is a ''Parting'' where one Part of a Country or Organization leaves the parent Organization and begins funtoning as an independent Organization. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'secede' in WordNet: 1. (13) secede, splinter, break away - (withdraw from an organization or communion; 'After the break up of the Soviet Union, many republics broke away') WN noun 'secession': 3. secession, withdrawal - (formal separation from an alliance or federation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Breakup, :Parting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Country :Organization ) ] ] . :Second :hasNumericalAbbreviation "2nd" ; :hasOrderNumber "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "second" ; :wnsense "second5n" ; :wordnet "second" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The second element in a series. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'second' in WordNet: 5. second - (following the first in an ordering or series; 'he came in a close second') """ . :SecondFn a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A BinaryFunction that assigns a PositiveRealNumber and a subclass of Minutes to the Seconds within each Minute corresponding to that PositiveRealNumber. For example, (SecondFn 4 (MinuteFn 5 Hour)) is the Class of all fourth Seconds of every fifth Minute of every hour. For another example, (SecondFn 8 Minute) would return the eighth second of every minute. For still another example, (SecondFn 9 (MinuteFn 15 (HourFn 14 (DayFn 18 (MonthFn 8 (YearFn 1912)))))) denotes 9 seconds and 15 minutes after 2 PM on the 18th day of August 1912.""" ; rdfs:domain :PositiveRealNumber . :SecondInterval :ldoce "second" ; :relatedInternalConcept :OneSecond, :SecondFn ; :wnsense "second4n" ; :wordnet "second" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all clock Seconds, which are not measures of a quantity of time, but locations on the universal time line. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 4 of 'second' in WordNet (a particular moment in the universal time line of duration one second (seconds one)): in WordNet: 4. moment, minute, second, instant - (a particular point in time; 'the moment he arrived the party began') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval . :SecondLieutenant :CYC "SecondLieutenant-Rank" ; :guid "19d5f524-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "second lieutenant1n" ; :wordnet "second lieutenant" ; a :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'SecondLieutenant-Rank': The minimal commissioned officer rank in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Marine Corps. A person of #$SecondLieutenant-RankType outranks any person whose rank is a #$NonCommissionedOfficerRank or a #$WarrantOfficerRank. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'second lieutenant' in WordNet: 1. second lieutenant - (a commissioned officer in the army or air force or marine corps holding the lowest rank) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lieutenant . :SecondOfaSeries :wnsense "2d1adj", "2nd1adj", "second1adj" ; :wordnet "2d", "2nd", "second" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FunctionalAttribute ''SecondOfaSeries'', refers to the second item in a list or in some ranking of priority. The term ''Second'' is used as an instance of ''OrdinalNumber'' - not a QualitativeAttribute. These are essentially identical in meaning, but are used in different logical structures. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'second' in Wordnet: 1. (109) second, 2nd, 2d - (coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :SecondPlace :en "second place" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Olympic contests, ''SecondPlace'' gets a Silver Medal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContestRank . :SecondThing :en "second thing" ; :enn "second thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Second'' is the second of an ''OrderedPairOfThings'' and differs from the ''FirstThing'' in that specific ''OrderedPairOfThings''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OrderedPairOfThings ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :SecondWorldWar :hadThingAffected :Germany ; :hasParticipant :JohnFitzgeraldKennedy ; :isUndesirableTo :SovietUnion ; :occurredAt :Earth ; :occurredInTimeInterval :Years1939to1945 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :China, :France, :Germany, :Japan, :SovietUnion, :TheUnitedStatesArmy, :UnitedKingdom, :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :War ; rdfs:comment "Only a few of the participants are listed." . :Secondary :wnsense "secondary1adj" ; :wordnet "secondary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Secondary' is an attribute of things - people, resources - that are considered - for some purpose(s) - as less important or less urgent than the ''Primary'' thing in that category. @ToDo1399: needs more specificity Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'secondary' in WordNet: 1. (11) secondary - (being of second rank or importance or value; not direct or immediate; 'the stone will be hauled to a secondary crusher'; 'a secondary source'; 'a secondary issue'; 'secondary streams') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient ; owl:disjointWith :Uninteresting . :SecondarySchool :guid "bd58e400-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Gymnasium1n", "lycee1n", "lyceum1n", "middle school1n", "secondary school1n" ; :wordnet "Gymnasium", "lycee", "lyceum", "middle school", "secondary school" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EducationalOrganization, Typically teaching grades 5-8, but it varies. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'middle school' in WordNet: 1. secondary school, lyceum, lycee, Gymnasium, middle school - (a school for students intermediate between elementary school and college; usually grades 9 to 12) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 . :Secondhand :isAnAttributeValueOf :Experience, :Knowledge, :Report ; :isTheOppositeOf :Firsthand ; :pertainsTo :HumanActivity, :Report ; :wnsense "secondhand1adj" ; :wordnet "secondhand" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'secondhand' in Wordnet: 1. (1) secondhand - (derived from what is primary or original; not firsthand; 'a secondhand report'; 'a secondhand account of a memory of something once read'; 'most of our knowledge is secondhand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indirect . :Secondly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :SecondOfaSeries ; :wnsense "second1adv", "secondly1adv" ; :wordnet "second", "secondly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Secondly'' is an AdverbialModifier used to introduce a topic that should be considered second, after the topic labeled ''Firstly''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'secondly' in WordNet: 1. (2) second, secondly - (in the second place; 'second, we must consider the economy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Secrecy :en "keep a secret", "keeping a secret" ; :ldoce "secrecy" ; :wnsense "concealment1n", "privacy2n", "privateness1n", "secrecy2adj" ; :wordnet "concealment", "privacy", "privateness", "secrecy" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Secrecy' is a PersistentState in which some information is kept Secret. This type can be applied to static situations such as a person keeping information from all others, or to Events such as a person(s) doing something in secrecy and telling no one or only a few trusted others. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'secrecy' in WordNet: 2. (1) privacy, privateness, secrecy, concealment - - (the condition of being concealed or hidden) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secret ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secret ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Secret :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Information ; :isTheOppositeOf :PubliclyKnown ; :ldoce "secret" ; :wnsense "secret1adj" ; :wordnet "secret" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Secret' is a more intensive degree of 'Confidential'' characterizing information requiring more care in not disclosing, and revealed to fewer people than is ''Confidential'' information; it is an attribute of: (1) information that at least one person has, and is communicated, if at all, only to a small number of other persons who are instructed not to make it public or (2) Actions that are taken by agents that are known to only a few and are hidden from the public. It is an EvaluativeAttribute because the person(s) who has the information and wants to keep it from others has determined that the content would be in some way harmful to someone's interests if made public. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'secret' in WordNet: 1. (11) secret - - (not open or public; kept private or not revealed; 'a secret formula'; 'secret ingredients'; 'secret talks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Confidential . :SecretAgent :CYC "CovertAgent" ; :en "covert agent" ; :guid "bd7d7276-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "intelligence agent1n", "intelligence officer1n", "operative1n", "secret agent1n" ; :wordnet "intelligence agent", "intelligence officer", "operative", "secret agent" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SecretAgent'' is an ''Agent'' who acts on behalf of and for the benefit of some other ''IntelligentAgent'', without disclosing the purpose or origin of her/his activities. CYC: 'CovertAgent': A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance of #$CovertAgent is an individual or a formal or informal organization that plans and conducts a significant portion of its activities secretly. Examples instances of #$CovertAgent include criminals and criminal organizations, terrorists, spies and espionage agencies, and military units working behind enemy lines. Exposure of such an agent's activities, location, plans, and (if applicable) membership, to outside agents generally threatens its continued existence and effectiveness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'secret agent' in WordNet: 1. secret agent, intelligence officer, intelligence agent, operative - (a person secretly employed in espionage for a government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agent, :IntelligentAgent . :SecretInformation :ldoce "secret" ; :wnsense "secret1n" ; :wordnet "secret" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Information that a person has and wants to remain a secret from most other people; certain people may be allowed to know the SecretInformation, but once it is made public it is no longer SecretInformation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'secret' in WordNet: 1. (9) secret - - (something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on); 'the combination to the safe was a secret'; 'he tried to keep his drinking a secret') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Information-Content, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secret ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Secretariat :guid "be320737-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "secretariat1n", "secretariate1n" ; :wordnet "secretariat", "secretariate" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of suborganizations that are primarily responsible for implementing the policies of the various larger organizations of which each instance is a part. Although a secretariat is generally administrative in nature, it also affects policy insofar as it is charged with implementing that policy. Not every organization has a secretariat, but for those that do it plays a fairly standard role. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'secretariat' in WordNet: 1. secretariat, secretariate - (an administrative unit responsible for maintaining records and other secretarial duties; especially for international organizations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministrativeUnit . :Secretary :guid "bd58ca6c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "secretary" ; :wnsense "secretarial assistant1n", "secretary2n" ; :wordnet "secretarial assistant", "secretary" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Person who performs general secretarial support such as scheduling, typing, answering phones, receiving visitors, travel arrangements, etc. Not the government position. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'secretary' in WordNet: 2. (14) secretary, secretarial assistant - - (an assistant who handles correspondence and clerical work for a boss or an organization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministrativeStaffPerson, :ClericalWorker . :SecretaryGeneral :en "secretary-general" ; :enn "secretary-general" ; :wnsense "Secretary General1n" ; :wordnet "Secretary General" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'secretary general': the head or chief administrative officer of a secretariat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Secretary General' in WordNet: 1. (1) Secretary General - (a person who is a chief administrator (as of the United Nations)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentAdministrator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secretariat ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :Secretion :wnsense "secretion2n" ; :wordnet "secretion" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is more generic than the WN sense, including secretions that are not from a 'body', including those from a Plant or natural source (e.g. oil? - morelike a 'seepage'). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'secretion' in WordNet: 2. (1) secretion - (a functionally specialized substance (especially one that is not a waste) released from a gland or cell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalTangibleStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SecretionEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Secretion-Bodily :en "bodily secretion" ; :enn "bodily secretion" ; :guid "bd58c769-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$NaturalTangibleStuff secreted by an organism's body. There are a wide variety of bodily secretions, including #$Hormones, #$Mucus, #$InsulinTheSecretion, and #$Semen. Secretions may be deposited either within the body (e.g., #$BileTheSecretion) or outside of it (e.g., #$Sweat). Note: Secretions are different from #$ExcretionSubstance in that secretions are not necessarily waste products. E.g., they may be a release of pheromones to attract a mate, a layer of sweat to cool off the organism, a layer of nectar to attract bees, etc. Some subsets of #$Secretion-Bodily, such as #$Sweat, are also subsets of #$ExcretionSubstance (i.e., wastes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Secretion . :SecretionEvent :guid "bd58c3cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "release6v", "secernment1n", "secrete1v", "secretion1n" ; :wordnet "release", "secernment", "secrete", "secretion" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$EmittingStuff and #$BiologicalProductionEvent. Each instance of #$SecretionEvent is an event in which a living animal or plant secretes from its body some instance of #$Secretion-Bodily (q.v.). NOTE: in Cyc Secretion was 'EmittingStuff' rather than 'EmittingAnObject'. As of iteration 185, this distinction is not used. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'secrete' in WordNet: 1. (1) secrete, release - (generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids; 'secrete digestive juices'; 'release a hormone into the blood stream') WN noun 'secretion': 1. (3) secretion, secernment - (the organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exuding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secretion ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Secretive :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfPeople, :Person ; :wnsense "close15adj", "closelipped1adj", "closemouthed1adj", "secretive1adj", "tightlipped1adj" ; :wordnet "close", "closelipped", "closemouthed", "secretive", "tightlipped" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Secretive'' is a subattribute of ''Uncommunicative'' characterizing a Person who refrains from talking, either in revealing secrets or talking about him/herself. This can be for any reason, The more specific ''Secretive'' meaning not disclosing secrets is represented by ''TightLipped''. Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'secretive' (for people who do not talk much about themselves) in Wordnet: 1. close, closelipped, closemouthed, secretive, tightlipped - (inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information; 'although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uncommunicative . :Secretly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Secret ; :wnsense "in secret1adv", "on the Q.T.1adv", "on the QT1adv", "secretly1adv" ; :wordnet "in secret", "on the Q.T.", "on the QT", "secretly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'secretly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) secretly, in secret, on the Q.T., on the QT - (in secrecy; not openly; 'met secretly to discuss the invasion plans'; 'the children secretly went to the movies when they were supposed to be at the library'; 'they arranged to meet in secret') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Sect :wnsense "religious sect1n", "sect1n" ; :wordnet "religious sect", "sect" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'sect' is sense 2 in the Random House Dictionary: RHW: 'a group regarded as heretical or as deviating from a generally accepted religious tradition.' Therefore a Sect will have some beliefs differing from that of the main religious body to which they claim adherence. At this point (v0.43) no effort is made to distinguish a Sect from schismatics. NOTE: therefore this type differs from WN where the gloss includes 'religious order' as a synoonym of ''Sect''. A ''ReligiousOrder'' is a separate type of ''ReligiousGroup'' in COSMO. NOTE: the word 'sectarian' does not refer solely to 'Sect' in this sense, it may refer to larger groups of believers, such as various Christian denominations. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'sect' (not including a 'religious order') in Wordnet: 1. (1) sect, religious sect, religious order - (a subdivision of a larger religious group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousGroup . :Sectarian :pertainsTo :IdeologicalOrganization, :Ideology, :ReligiousBeliefs, :ReligiousGroup, :Sect ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sectarian'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to a religious ''Sect'' and its ''ReligiousBeliefs'' insofar as they contrast with the beliefs of other religious groups; ''Sectarian'' beliefs and debatges are in general ''Divisive'' by reflecting the contrasting views of people adhering to incompatible beliefs or theories. This is also used to refer to debates over ''Ideology'' or other beliefs that resemble the belief-driven debates among Sects, in contrast to debates focused on facts. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'sectarian' in Wordnet: 1. sectarian - (of or relating to or characteristic of a sect or sects; 'sectarian differences') 2. sectarian - (belonging to or characteristic of a sect; 'a sectarian mind'; 'the negations of sectarian ideology'- Sidney Hook; 'sectarian squabbles in psychology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Divisive, :PertainingAttributeValue . :Section :wnsense "section1n", "section4n", "segment1n" ; :wordnet "section", "segment" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Section'' is a ''Part'' of a ''ConceptualWork'' such as a text or musical composition. See also subtype ''DocumentPart'' and its subtypes. Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 4 (for concetual works) of 'section' in WordNet: 1. (45) section, subdivision - (a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical); 'he always turns first to the business section'; 'the history of this work is discussed in the next section') 4. (10) section, segment - (one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object; 'a section of a fishing rod'; 'metal sections were used below ground'; 'finished the final segment of the road') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork, :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConceptualWork ] . :SectionTitle :ldoce "title" ; :wnsense "title3n" ; :wordnet "title" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The (often) descriptive heading for some section of a larger work, such as a chapter of a book, section of an article, etc. A bare number such as 'Chapter 8' is also a 'SectionTitle', if no more descriptive title is applied (e.g. '8. At The Movie'). For the titles of complete ConceptualWorks, use 'Title' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'title' in WordNet: 3. (3) title - (a general or descriptive heading for a section of a written work; 'the novel had chapter titles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Header, :Title . :SectorOfSociety :en "social sector" ; :wnsense "sector2n" ; :wordnet "sector" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SectorOfSociety'' is a ''SocialGroup'' that is a subgroup of a ''Society'' and who have some characteristics in common that impart to that group as a whole some degree of distinguishing identity. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sector' in WordNet: 2. (4) sector - (a body of people who form part of society or economy; 'the public sector') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Society ] . :SectorShapedObject :guid "c09cb5c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sector1n" ; :wordnet "sector" ; a :GeometricShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Object (abstract or physical) shaped like a sector of a circle (like a slice of pie) CYC: A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and thus a specialization of #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing. This is the collection of all two-dimensional pie-slice shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$SectorShapedObject is bounded by two line segments with a common vertex and by an arc of a circle whose center is that vertex. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sector' in WordNet: 1. (5) sector - (a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoDimensionalGeometricThing . :Secular :isTheOppositeOf :Religious ; :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Layman :Laity ) ] ; :wnsense "laic1adj", "lay1adj", "secular1adj" ; :wordnet "laic", "lay", "secular" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Secular'' is an AttributeValue of things (Objects, People, or Events) that are not explicitly ''Religious''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'secular' in WordNet: 1. (6) laic, lay, secular - (concerning those not members of the clergy; 'set his collar in laic rather than clerical position'; 'the lay ministry'; 'the choir sings both sacred and secular music') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Secure :isTheOppositeOf :AtRisk ; :wnsense "secure2adj", "secure3adj" ; :wordnet "secure" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Objects that are not in danger of loss or harm. For situations where there is little risk, use 'RiskFree'. Incoludes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'secure' in WordNet: 2. (2) secure - (free from danger or risk; 'secure from harm'; 'his fortune was secure'; 'made a secure place for himself in his field') 3. (1) protected, secure - (kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss; 'the most protected spot I could find') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SecuritiesExchange :ldoce "market" ; :wnsense "securities market1n" ; :wordnet "securities market" ; a :LocationType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'SecuritiesExchange' is some Organization that has instituted procedures and methods for buying and selling of 'FinancialSecurity's - stocks, bonds, commodities futures, puts and calls, etc. A ''StockExchange'' for trading stocks and bonds is a subtype. This is conflated with a location where the trading takes place, to include the actual spatial site (if any) at which the transaction occurs. For online trading, this may be a bit vague - some computer or combination. When necessary,the location and the Organization can be differentiated. Includes but is not limited to noun sense 1 of 'securities market' in in WordNet: 1. stock exchange, stock market, securities market - (an exchange where security trading is conducted by professional stockbrokers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :MarketMaker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :SecurityAlarm a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A SecurityDevice that detects intrusions to a StationaryArtifact and issues a warning of some sort.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlarmDevice, :SecurityDevice . :SecurityBlanket :wnsense "security blanket2n" ; :wordnet "security blanket" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SecurityBlanket'' (literal meaning) is a Blanket that is used by a child to provide a sense of comfort or security. The metaphorical meaning for things that are not actual ''Blanket''s is a different sense (@ToDo). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'security blanket' in WordNet: 2. security blanket - (a blanket (or toy) that a child carries around in order to reduce anxiety) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blanket . :SecurityDevice :guid "c1007f31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Device whose purpose is to protect people or property from kidnappers and/or thieves. NOTE: not only locks and other things that prevent intrusion, but alarms, seals, security cameras, and other devices that warn of or report intrusion are included under this category. Cyc: A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$SecurityDevice is any device designed to protect people or goods from being harmed (or stolen) intentionally. Some instances of #$SecurityDevice accomplish this by keeping unauthorized or unwelcome intruders away from the people or materials in question (e.g., elements of #$AntiTheftDevice, #$PerimeterSensor). Others are designed to make it impossible or difficult to remove goods (e.g., elements of #$Lock). Compare with #$SafetyDevice, whose elements are designed to protect an object or animal against accidental harm. Of course some devices play multiple roles - a single fence may be a security device to keep burglars out, and may protect toddlers from wandering in and falling into a swimming pool..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DefenseSystem, :Device . :SecurityInterest :wnsense "security interest1n" ; :wordnet "security interest" ; a :AssetType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SecurityInterest'' is a ''FinancialInterest'' created by an ''Indebtedness''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'security interest' in WordNet: 1. security interest - (any interest in a property that secures the payment of an obligation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialInterest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IncurringaDebt ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :SecurityRecord a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SecurityRecord' is a DatabaseRecord in a DatabaseTable which contains security information for the entity whose security information is recorded in the table. each such record is pointed to by the relation 'hasSecurityID16' os some parent property or subproperty of that relation. The format of the record is not restricted by this relation, only its intendede meaning, which may vary with the security requirements.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DatabaseRecord . :Sedan :wnsense "sedan1n" ; :wordnet "sedan" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sedan' in WordNet: 1. (2) sedan - (a car that is closed and that has front and rear seats and two or four doors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automobile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicleSideDoor ; owl:maxCardinality "4" ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :AutoSeat ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Covered ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sedative :guid "c0fd5849-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "depressant1n", "downer1n", "sedative drug1n", "sedative1n" ; :wordnet "depressant", "downer", "sedative", "sedative drug" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which are used to treat anxiety and insomnia. In higher doses, these are often used as sleeping pills. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sedative' in WordNet: 1. sedative, sedative drug, depressant, downer - (a drug that reduces excitability and calms a person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anxiety ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insomnia ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToTreat ] . :Sedative-Hypnotic :wnsense "sedative-hypnotic drug1n", "sedative-hypnotic1n" ; :wordnet "sedative-hypnotic", "sedative-hypnotic drug" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sedative-hypnotic' in WordNet: 1. sedative-hypnotic, sedative-hypnotic drug - (a sedative that depresses activity of the central nervous system and reduces anxiety and induces sleep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depressant . :Sediment :wnsense "deposit2n", "sediment1n" ; :wordnet "deposit", "sediment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sediment''is the material deposited by ''Sedimentation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sediment' in WordNet: 1. (3) sediment, deposit - (matter that has been deposited by some natural process) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :InanimateObject-Natural, :ResidueObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Sedimentation :wnsense "alluviation1n", "deposit1n", "sedimentation1n" ; :wordnet "alluviation", "deposit", "sedimentation" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sedimentation'' is a ''Phenomenon' caused by forces such as ''Gravity'' and ''CentrifugalForce'' in which fine granular material falls from some body of water to the floor of that body and remains and accumulates there. The sediment may remain loose or be converted to rock by other ''GeologicalPhenomenon''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sedimentation' in WordNet: 1. (2) deposit, sedimentation, alluviation - (the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuildingUpAnAccumulation, :GeologicalPhenomenon, :LeavingaResidue, :MotionThroughaFluid, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sediment ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Seducing :wnsense "make40v", "score5v", "seduce1v" ; :wordnet "make", "score", "seduce" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an Action that persuades (causes) another Person to perform heterosexual ''SexualCopulation'' with the seducer. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'seduce' in WordNet: 1. seduce, score, make - (induce to have sex; 'Harry finally seduced Sally'; 'Did you score last night?'; 'Harry made Sally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersuadingToAct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualCopulation ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Seductive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "seductive1adj" ; :wordnet "seductive" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for sexually sductive, by appearance or behavior, for men or women. Other meanings should use ''Enticing''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seductive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) seductive - (tending to entice into a desired action or state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enticing . :SeeSaw :wnsense "dandle board1n", "see-saw1n", "seesaw1n", "teeter-totter1n", "teeter1n", "teeterboard1n", "teetertotter1n", "tilting board1n" ; :wordnet "dandle board", "see-saw", "seesaw", "teeter", "teeter-totter", "teeterboard", "teetertotter", "tilting board" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SeeSaw' a device made from a 'Plank', balanced no more than a few feet from the ground on a fulcrum, permitting people to sit on either end and to go up and down in alternation. It may or may not have handles at each end for the person riding to hold on to. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seesaw' in Wordnet: 1. seesaw, teeter, teeter-totter, teetertotter, teeterboard, tilting board, dandle board - (a plaything consisting of a board balanced on a fulcrum; the board is ridden up and down by children at either end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlaygroundObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plank ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fulcrum ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Seed :guid "bd58abc2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "seed" ; :wnsense "seed2n" ; :wordnet "seed" ; a :FruitType, :LifeStageType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a Seed is not a subtype of Organism, but is a part of an Organism. Seeds have a 'kernel' and may have a husk or shell surrounding it. Cyc: A specialization of #$PlantBLO. Each instance of #$Seed is a small nodule or granule consisting of a young angiosperm and its protective container during the early (zygotic and embryonic stages) of development. If conditions are right, instances of #$Seed will grow to become adult plants. SUMO: The fertilized or unfertilized female ReproductiveBody of a FloweringPlant. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 2 of 'seed' in WordNet: 2. (5) seed - (a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantReproductiveStructure, :ReproductiveBody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :SeedGrain :consistsOfManyOf :Seed ; :isDerivedFrom :CerealPlant ; :wnsense "caryopsis1n", "grain6n" ; :wordnet "caryopsis", "grain" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SeedGrain'' is a substance composed of the collected seeds of various ''CerealPlant''s used for food. These are the seeds *before* grinding, not the 'meal'. Closest dictionary definition is: RHW 'grain': 2. the gathered seed of food plants, esp. of cereal plants. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 6 of 'grain' in WordNet: 6. grain, caryopsis - (dry seedlike fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealFood, :GranularSubstance . :SeedHusk :wnsense "husk2n" ; :wordnet "husk" ; a :CoveringType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The hard shell covering many seeds; for the shell of a nut, use the subtype 'NutShell'., such as peanuts or walnuts. The softer husk of certain fruits such as corn is not a subtype of this Type. The ''Kernel'' inside the SeedHusk is usually the edible part. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'husk' in Wordnet: 2. husk - (outer membranous covering of some fruits or seeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyCovering, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :Pericarp, :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firm ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seed ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fruit ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitPlant ; owl:onProperty :isBiologicallyDerivedFrom ] ; owl:disjointWith :Kernel . :SeedPod :wnsense "cod1n", "pod1n", "seedcase1n" ; :wordnet "cod", "pod", "seedcase" ; a :CoveringType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pod' in WordNet: 1. pod, cod, seedcase - (the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeedHusk, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seed ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Seedling :guid "bd58ff65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "seedling1n" ; :wordnet "seedling" ; a :LifeStageType, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A subset of #$Plant. #$Seedling is the collection of all growing plants in the stage after germination but before primary development. The seedling stage begins with the rupture of the seed coat and ends at the vague time that the growing plant is 'well established'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seedling' in WordNet: 1. (1) seedling - (young plant or tree grown from a seed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spermatophyte . :Seedtime :en "seed-time" ; :wnsense "seedtime2n" ; :wordnet "seedtime" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Seedtime'' is the time of year when seeds are planted. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'seedtime' in WordNet: 2. seedtime - (the time during which seeds should be planted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeasonOfYear . :Seeing :eng "seeing" ; :ldoce "see", "sight" ; :wnsense "see1v", "sight1n" ; :wordnet "see", "sight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Seeing is a perception of the visual aspect of a situation, i.e. perception of the light waves coming from object(s) in a particular State. This is for animals seeing with the 'Eye'. NOTE that unlike 'Observing'' a ''Seeing'' action may be unintentional, but some subtypes are intentional (see ''Looking''). Visual perception with other sensors must be represented elsewhere under ''Observing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'see' and noun sense 1 of 'sight' in WordNet; note that the thing (more specifically, the light from the thing) that is seen is represened as 'Scene'.: WN 'see': in WordNet: 1. (617) see - (perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight; 'You have to be a good observer to see all the details'; 'Can you see the bird in that tree?'; 'He is blind- - he cannot see') WN 'sight': 1. (17) sight - (an instance of visual perception; 'the sight of his wife brought him back to reality'; 'the train was an unexpected sight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Perceiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Scene :PhysicalObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :View ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eye ; owl:onProperty :usesSenseOrOrgan ] . :Seen :en "seen" ; :enadj "seen" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Seeing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unseen ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NO Wn entry: 'seen' is the Attribute of something that was the object of a ''Seeing'' action - having been observed. This is used usually for Objects or Actions that someone wanted to keep unseen or unobserved. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Light-NotDark, :PastParticiple . :Seeping :wnsense "seep4v" ; :wordnet "seep" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some fluid (usually a liquid) passes through a porouse solid material. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 4 of 'seep' in WordNet: 1. (4) seep, ooze - (pass gradually or leak through or as if through small openings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropertyDamage ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Seer :wnsense "illusionist1n", "seer1n", "visionary2n" ; :wordnet "illusionist", "seer", "visionary" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Seer'' is an ''Intellectual'' who has a better than average ability to predict future events. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'visionary' in WordNet: 2. visionary, illusionist, seer - (a person with unusual powers of foresight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntellectualPerson . :Segment :wnsense "section4n", "segment1n", "segment2n" ; :wordnet "section", "segment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Segment'' is identifiable part of a PhysicalObject with some recognizable small region divding it from other parts, not an arbitrary part. A Worm has ''Segment''s, as do other animals and plants; and an Organge has ''Segment''s divided by membranes. Artifacts will also have segments. ''EngineeringComponent''s are not normally referred to as ''Segment''s. For 'segment's of aconceptual work such as an article, book, or movie use ''Section''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 and includes part ofsense 1 (for physical objects) of 'segment' in WordNet: 1. (4) section, segment - (one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object; 'a section of a fishing rod'; 'metal sections were used below ground'; 'finished the final segment of the road') 2. segment - (one of the parts into which something naturally divides; 'a segment of an orange') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Segmenting :wnsense "section1v", "segment1v" ; :wordnet "section", "segment" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Segmenting' is a ''DividingSomethingIntoParts'' in which some ''Object'' is divided either by complete separation or by demarking boundary lines between the ''Segment''s identified. This is a transitive action, performed by an agent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'segment' in WordNet: 1. segment, section - (divide into segments; 'segment an orange'; 'segment a compound word') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Separation-Complete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Object ] . :Segregated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Segregating ; :isTheOppositeOf :Integrated ; :wnsense "segregated1adj", "unintegrated2adj" ; :wordnet "segregated", "unintegrated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Segregated'' is for some ''Group'' of people to be required by Law or custom to stay in certain places or use only certain facilities. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'segregated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) segregated, unintegrated - (separated or isolated from others or a main group; 'a segregated school system'; 'a segregated neighborhood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Divided . :Segregating :wnsense "segregate1v" ; :wordnet "segregate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Segregating'' is an action ''DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup'' especially racial or religious mnorities, and in particular African-Americans in the USA or Jewish people ('pales' in Russia). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'segregate' in WordNet: 1. (5) segregate - (separate by race or religion; practice a policy of racial segregation; 'This neighborhood is segregated'; 'We don't segregate in this county') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscriminatingAgainstaGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RacialMinority ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Segregation ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Segregated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Segregation :wnsense "segregation2n", "separatism1n" ; :wordnet "segregation", "separatism" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Segregation'' is a 'Restriction' on what categories of people are allowed to use specific physical facilities or social services. In the United States, ''Segregation'' has been usually used to restrict access by race or sex. After 1980 laws reduced the legal barriers to unrestricted rights, though some 'Segregation'' in local or private communites lingers. In other countries other forms of ''Segregation'' have been used to distinguish different categories of people. This type of 'Rule'' may be enforced by law or custom or local practice. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'segregation' in WordNet: 2. segregation, separatism - (a social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restriction, :SocialSystem . :SegregationLaw a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SegregationLaw'' is any ''Law'' establishing a system of ''Segregation'', and results in a ''StateOfSegregation''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Law, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Segregation ; owl:onProperty :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOfSegregation ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :SeineRiver :flowsInto :EnglishChannel ; :guid "bd5900c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The Seine river, a major river of France that passes through the #$CityOfParisFrance and empties into the #$EnglishChannel.""" . :Seismic :isAnAttributeValueOf :DestructiveEarthquake, :Earthquake, :Vibration ; :pertainsTo :DestructiveEarthquake, :Earthquake, :SmallEarthquake ; :wnsense "seismal1adj", "seismic1adj" ; :wordnet "seismal", "seismic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seismic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) seismic, seismal - (subject to or caused by an earthquake or earth vibration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Seizing :wnsense "seize2v" ; :wordnet "seize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Seizing'' is a ''Grabbing'' that takes something (objects or even people) by force - physical or legal - implying that the Person whose property (or self) was taken did not voluntarily agree to the taking. This is a taking that is not wanted by someone. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'seize' in WordNet: 2. (5) seize - (take or capture by force; 'The terrorists seized the politicians'; 'The rebels threaten to seize civilian hostages') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grabbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingSomething ; owl:onProperty :starts ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SeizingWhileInTransit :en "seizing something while in transit" ; :enn "seizing something while in transit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SeizingWhileInTransit'' is intended to represent a general sense of ''Intercepting'' that is not covered by the more specialized ''Intercepting'' (by a government) or ''Wiretapping'' (of a communication). but is not represented in WordNet by itself. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingPossessionOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SendingSomething ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :SeizureAilment :wnsense "ictus1n", "raptus1n", "seizure1n" ; :wordnet "ictus", "raptus", "seizure" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seizure' in WordNet: 1. (3) seizure, ictus, raptus - (a sudden occurrence (or recurrence) of a disease; 'he suffered an epileptic seizure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOfAnAilment . :Selected :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SelectingAmong ; :wnsense "selected1adj" ; :wordnet "selected" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Selected'' is the attribute of something that is the *object (*patient) of a ''SelectingAmong'' action. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'selected' in Wordnet: 1. (2) selected - (chosen in preference to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preferred . :SelectingAmong :eng "choosing", "picking", "selecting" ; :guid "c1511cd4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "choose", "pick" ; :wnsense "choose1v", "choose2v", "opt1v", "pick1v", "prefer2v", "select1v" ; :wordnet "choose", "opt", "pick", "prefer", "select" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SelectingAmong'' is choosing one or more from two or more alternatives, Objects orActions, When there are only two alternatives, the subtype ''SelectingBetween' is used. CYC 'SelectingBetween' appears to be a ''SelectingAmong''. CYC: SelectingBetween: A collection of events. Each element of #$SelectingBetween is a #$SelectingSomething event in which the selection is made from a set of alternatives. The thing that is finally selected is the #$chosenItem. In SUMO called 'Selecting' SUMO: The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve opting for one or more Entity out of a larger set of Entities. Note that this covers all cases of judging or evaluating. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'choose' and verb sense 1 of 'select' and verb sense 1 of 'pick' in WordNet: WN verb 'pick': 1. (14) pick - (select carefully from a group; 'She finally picked her successor'; 'He picked his way carefully') 1. (84) choose, take, select, pick out - (pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives; 'Take any one of these cards'; 'Choose a good husband for your daughter'; 'She selected a pair of shoes from among the dozen the salesgirl had shown her') WN verb 'choose': 2. (19) choose, prefer, opt - (select as an alternative; choose instead; prefer as an alternative; \"I always choose the fish over the meat courses in this restaurant\"; \"She opted for the job on the East coast\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Choosing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ListOfAlternatives ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :SelectingBetween a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SelectingBetween'' is a ''SelectingAmong'' where the list of alternatives has only two possibilities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelectingAmong, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoAlternativeActions ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Decision ] . :SelectingSomething a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SelectingSomething'' is the generic Action of selecting something by any process, whether purposeful (see ''Choosing''), or by natural forces (''NaturalSelection'') or by a random process. As an Action, one must be able to point to some GenericAgent, whether animal, automaton, or natural. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Selection ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ] . :Selection :wnsense "selection3n" ; :wordnet "selection" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Selection'' is a thing (object, Action) selected as the result of a ''SelectingSomething'' event. For the choosing event use 'Choosing'. ''Selection'' is a Role that something acquires as the result of a 'SelectingSomething', and that Role is meaningful only with respect to the Agent (animal or natural) that did the selecting. NOTE: distinction between this and subtype ''ChosenObject''? Chosen Object is a PhysicalObject, whereas this type can be anything. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'selection' in RHW (Random House Webster): 2. a thing or a number of things selected """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlternativeThing, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasSelectedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SelectingSomething ] . :SelectionCriterion :wnsense "criterion1n" ; :wordnet "criterion" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SelectionCriterion'' is a ''StandardSpec'' (a ''Specification'') that represents one or more attributes and possibly methods to determine those attributes, to be used in a ''Choosing'' or ''Sorting'' or ''Selecting'' action, to allow discrimination among the Objects belonging in one category or another. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'criterion' in WordNet: 1. (3) standard, criterion, measure, touchstone - (a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; 'the schools comply with federal standards'; 'they set the measure for all subsequent work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resource, :StandardSpec, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :YesNoDecision ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScreeningaGroupOfThings ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Selective :isTheOppositeOf :Promiscuous ; :wnsense "choosey1adj", "choosy1adj", "exclusive2adj", "selective1adj", "selective2adj" ; :wordnet "choosey", "choosy", "exclusive", "selective" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Selective'' is a property of a ''IntentionalAgent'' who takes care in selecting things (including people) that s/he wants to do, buy, use, or associate with. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'selective' and sense 1 of 'choosy' in Wordnet: 1. (5) selective - (tending to select; characterized by careful choice; 'an exceptionally quick and selective reader'- John Mason Brown) 2. selective - (characterized by very careful or fastidious selection; 'the school was very selective in its admissions') WN adj 'choosy': 1. (1) choosy, choosey - (difficult to please) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restricted . :Selenite :en "selenite" ; :guid "bd5ac6a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: 1. Mineral. a variety of gypsum, found in transparent crystals and foliated masses. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gypsum, :Mineral . :Selenium :guid "bd58b52f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "34"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Se1n", "selenium1n" ; :wordnet "Se", "selenium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of selenium; typically, these will be tightly bound into form, but not necessarily. )( All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of selenium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form -- but not necessarily. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'selenium' in WordNet: 1. selenium, Se, atomic number 34 - (a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonMetal, :SolidSubstance . :Self :en "oneself" ; :wnsense "self2n" ; :wordnet "self" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Self'' is mostly used to refer to the Agent of an Action when that agent is affected by that action, as in ''Suicide'' or 'SelfControl'' or ''Self-Defense''. TO be explicit, such actions can refer to 'Self'' as the Object of both a'isPerformedBy'' and ''hasDIrectObject'' relations. The logical connection can be made by an FOL implementation. NOTE: this type can be used as a work-around for one of the limitations of the OWL language, allowing an implied representation of the assertion that the subject and direct object of an Action are the same individual. Includes RHW sense 1 of 'oneself': a person's self (used for emphasis or reflexively): One often hurts oneself accidentally. This differs from the consciousness of oneself - see type ''Ego''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'self' in WordNet: 2. (7) self - (a person considered as a unique individual; 'one's own self') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person . :Self-Contained :wnsense "self-contained1adj" ; :wordnet "self-contained" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Self-Contained'' can apply to any thing that forms an independent unit with its own identity. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'self-contained' in Wordnet: 1. (2) self-contained - (constituting a complete and independent unit in and of itself; 'the university is like a self-contained city with shops and all amenities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Self-Defense :wnsense "self-defence1n", "self-defense1n", "self-protection1n" ; :wordnet "self-defence", "self-defense", "self-protection" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-defense' in WordNet: 1. (1) self-defense, self-defence, self-protection - (the act of defending yourself) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Defending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Self ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Self ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :Self-Esteem :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Proud ; :wnsense "self-esteem1n", "self-pride1n" ; :wordnet "self-esteem", "self-pride" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Self-Esteem' is a type of 'Pride'' in one's own virtues or accomplishments, whether real or imagined. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-esteem' in WordNet: 1. (3) self-esteem, self-pride - (a feeling of pride in yourself) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pride . :Self-Sufficient :wnsense "self-sufficient1adj", "self-sufficing1adj", "self-sustaining1adj" ; :wordnet "self-sufficient", "self-sufficing", "self-sustaining" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'self-sufficient' in Wordnet: 1. (2) self-sufficient, self-sufficing, self-sustaining - (able to provide for your own needs without help from others; \"a self-sufficing economic unit\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Independent . :SelfAware :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :wnsense "self-aware1adj", "self-conscious1adj" ; :wordnet "self-aware", "self-conscious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''SelfAware'' is to be aware of how one's actions may be perceived by other people. To be concerned significantly more than average than most people and care about such impressions one would be characterized as ''SelfConscious'', a subAttribute of this Attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'self-aware' in Wordnet: 1. self-conscious, self-aware - (aware of yourself as an individual or of your own being and actions and thoughts; 'self-conscious awareness'; 'self-conscious about their roles as guardians of the social values'- D.M.Potter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AwareOfSomething . :SelfCentered :en "self-obsessed" ; :enadj "self-obsessed" ; :wnsense "egocentric1adj", "egoistic1adj", "egoistical1n", "self-centered1adj", "self-centred1adj" ; :wordnet "egocentric", "egoistic", "egoistical", "self-centered", "self-centred" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE; this is not for 'egotistical', which is having an inflated sense of ones own importance - see ''Conceited''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-centered' in WordNet: 1. egoistic, egoistical, egocentric, self-centered, self-centred - (limited to or caring only about yourself and your own needs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unsympathetic . :SelfConfidence :guid "bd589c8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Confident ; :ldoce "confidence" ; :wnsense "assurance1n", "confidence1n", "self-assurance1n", "self-confidence1n", "sureness1n" ; :wordnet "assurance", "confidence", "self-assurance", "self-confidence", "sureness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SelfConfidence is the trait of someone who feels that s/he can perform most tasks that are required, and do them well. This is the more general sense of confidence in one's own abilities; The shorter termed 'confidence' that one can perform a specific task is represented as ''FeelingOfConfidence''. COSMO distinguishes two senses of 'confidence' as an attribute: the general self-confidence (this sense) and a more specific confidence that one can perform a specific task. The latter is a subtype of this general sense of 'self-assurance' Relation to ''Pride''?? Cyc: The positive emotion felt when one is free from doubt about an event or object from which the agent feeling #$Confidence expects positive contingencies. For example, one might say 'I feel confident that tomorrow it will not be rainy'. Do not confuse this with a personality disposition, e.g. 'Joe is a confident person.' (See #$PersonalityAttribute.) This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. More specialized #$FeelingTypes include #$Grief, #$SelfConfidence, etc. WordNet does not distinguish this general sense of confidence from this more specific action-oriented confidence. The short term more specific sense is represented as 'FeelingOfConfidence'. In COSMO, confidence in another person or Agent is 'Trust' WN confidence sense 1 and assurance sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (13) assurance, self-assurance, confidence, self-confidence, authority, sureness - (freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; 'his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular'; 'after that failure he lost his confidence'; 'she spoke with authority') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :SelfConfident :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :SelfConfidence ; :wnsense "self-assured1adj", "self-confident1adj" ; :wordnet "self-assured", "self-confident" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who has the trait of 'SelfConfidence'', being confident in her/his own worth and abilities.. An excess of this makes one ''Impudent''. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'self-confident' in WordNet: 1. (2) self-assured, self-confident - (showing poise and confidence in your own worth; 'hardly more than a boy but firm-knit and self-confident') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Confident . :SelfConscious :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isMoreIntenseThan :SelfAware ; :wnsense "self-conscious2adj" ; :wordnet "self-conscious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''SelfConscious'' is to be concerned significantly more than average than most people and care about the impressions one makes on others, a more intensive form of being ''SelfAware''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'self-conscious' in Wordnet: 2. self-conscious - (excessively and uncomfortably conscious of your appearance or behavior; 'self-conscious teenagers'; 'wondered if she could ever be untidy without feeling self-conscious about it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelfAware . :SelfControl :wnsense "check4v", "contain3v", "control2v", "curb1v", "hold in2v", "hold9v", "moderate3v", "self-control1n", "self-denial2n", "self-discipline2n" ; :wordnet "check", "contain", "control", "curb", "hold", "hold in", "moderate", "self-control", "self-denial", "self-discipline" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SelfControl'' is the ''Control'' by a Person of his/her own impulses (''Urge''s) or desires or emotions, to avoid doing improper or harmful or unfriendly things, including avoiding doing things that could harm the Person him/herself. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-control' in WordNet: 1. (1) self-denial, self-discipline, self-control - (the act of denying yourself; controlling your impulses) WN verb 'control': 2. (20) control, hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate - (lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; 'moderate your alcohol intake'; 'hold your tongue'; 'hold your temper'; 'control your anger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAnAgent, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Self ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :SelfDiscipline :wnsense "self-denial1n", "self-discipline1n" ; :wordnet "self-denial", "self-discipline" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SelfDiscipline'' can include various types of restraining one's own behavior, as for dieting or refraining from what one has come to consider moral or social impropriety. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-discipline' in WordNet: 1. (1) self-discipline, self-denial - (the trait of practicing self discipline) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discipline, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelfControl ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :SelfGovernment :wnsense "self-determination1n", "self-government1n", "self-rule1n" ; :wordnet "self-determination", "self-government", "self-rule" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''SelfGovernment'' is a form of ''Liberty'' that is exercised by the ''Citizenry'' of some GeoPolitical unit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-government' in WordNet: 1. (2) self-government, self-determination, self-rule - (government of a political unit by its own people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Liberty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Citizenry ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SelfImmolation :en "self-immolation" ; :enn "self-immolation" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This term is not a literal 'burning' but figurative 'burning' of one's own desires for the benefit of other(s). Not in WN. RHW 'self-immolation': voluntary sacrifice or denial of oneself, as for an ideal or another person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelfDiscipline, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OtherPeople ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ] . :SelfImprovement a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SelfImprovement'' is an Action in which a Person (or persons) performs some action *intended* to improve him/herself, for any purpose - which may or may not be successful. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImprovingFunctionality ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :SelfInterest :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Selfish ; :wnsense "expedience1n", "opportunism1n", "self-interest1n", "self-seeking1n" ; :wordnet "expedience", "opportunism", "self-interest", "self-seeking" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-interest' in WordNet: 1. (1) opportunism, self-interest, self-seeking, expedience - (taking advantage of opportunities without regard for the consequences for others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selfishness . :SelfKnowledgeIsGood :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Self-knowledge_is_good ; :hasTopic :ENG_Self-knowledge_is_good ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :SelfLimited :isAnAttributeValueOf :SelfLimitingDisease ; :wnsense "self-limited1adj" ; :wordnet "self-limited" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SelfLimited'' is the attribute of a ''SelfLimitingDisease'', a Disease that will go away even if not treated. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'self-limited' in Wordnet: . self-limited - (relating to a disease that tends to run a definite course without treatment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SelfLimitingDisease :en "self-limited disease", "self-limited illness", "self-limiting disease", "self-limiting illness" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SelfLimitingDisease'' is a ''Disease'' that if not treated, will nevertheless halt its course, and not lead to death, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelfLimited ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :TerminalIllness . :SelfPosession :wnsense "possession6n", "self-command1n", "self-control2n", "self-possession1n", "self-will2n", "willpower1n" ; :wordnet "possession", "self-command", "self-control", "self-possession", "self-will", "willpower" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that this is represented as a ''Feeling''. ''SelfPosession'' is a subtype of ''SelfControl'' that includes ''Resolution-Emotion'' that makes it stronger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-possession' in WordNet: 1. self-control, self-possession, possession, willpower, self-command, self-will - (the trait of resolutely controlling your own behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resolution-Emotion, :Trait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelfControl ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :SelfPoweredDevice a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of PoweredDevice including all Devices that have a source of power other than the muscles of the operator, in order to perform their job. This will include all electrical and electronic Devices, as well a MechanicalDevices with a non-human power source..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoweredDevice . :SelfPoweredMechanicalDevice a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this type is called in Cyc 'SelfPoweredDevice' The name was changed so that 'SelfPoweredDevice' can be used for the more general type of Devices that have a source of power expternal to the operator. Cyc: A specialization of both #$MechanicalDevice and #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$SelfPoweredDevice has, as one of its internal parts, a device which converts some kind of potential energy into force. For example, a cordless electric drill would be an instance of #$SelfPoweredDevice, since it contains a battery and motor that convert electricity stored in the battery into kinetic energy. Other examples of #$SelfPoweredDevices are the instances of #$Automobile, which (typically) convert gasoline and battery power to get the energy to move. Of course, some muscle power is involved in operating both a cordless drill and an automobile, but in neither case is it the main part of the power. Negative exemplars of a #$SelfPoweredDevice include all instances of #$Bicycle (powered by the people who ride them), cable cars (since they are pulled along by cables embedded in the street) and subway trains (often powered by an electrified 'third rail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, :PoweredDevice . :SelfReliance :wnsense "autonomy2n", "self-direction1n", "self-reliance1n", "self-sufficiency1n" ; :wordnet "autonomy", "self-direction", "self-reliance", "self-sufficiency" ; a :ActionType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SelfReliance'' is a form of ''Independence'' that is a Trait inspired by ''SelfConfidence'' that inclines a person to rely on his/her own resources and judgment rather than depending on others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-reliance' in WordNet: 1. (1) autonomy, self-direction, self-reliance, self-sufficiency - (personal independence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Independence, :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelfConfidence ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Depending ] . :SelfRestraint :wnsense "control7n", "restraint2n", "self-restraint1n", "temperateness2n" ; :wordnet "control", "restraint", "self-restraint", "temperateness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hard to tell the difference between WN 'restraint' and 'self-restraint'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'self-restraint' and sense 2 of 'restraint' in WordNet: 1. self-restraint, temperateness - (exhibiting restraint imposed on the self; \"an effective temperateness in debate\") WN noun 'restraint': 2. (2) restraint, control - (discipline in personal and social activities; 'he was a model of polite restraint'; 'she never lost control of herself') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelfDiscipline, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Self ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SelfStarter :wnsense "self-starter1n" ; :wordnet "self-starter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Person'' with the trait of ''Initiative''. @ToDo: Also 'energetic'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'self-starter' in WordNet: 1. self-starter - (an energetic person with unusual initiative) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Doer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelfStarting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FirstStep ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :SelfStarting :en "self-starting" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Initiative ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a ''Person'' with the trait of ''Initiative''. This Trait is evidenced by the Action of such a Person as the proncile or one of the principle persons in ''StartingaProject''. No WN entry, but RHW has 'self-starting' as a derivative under 'self-starter'. applies to a ''SelfStarter'', as in WN 'self-starter': in WordNet: 1. self-starter - (an energetic person with unusual initiative) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Selfie :en "selfie" ; :enn "selfie" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Selfie'' is a ''GenericPhotograph'' that includes an image of the Person taking the photograph along with surrounding objects, that can be a ''PhysicalObject'' or a digital file in any format on some ''InformationStorageMedia''. It is usually created by a DigitalCamera, including ''SmartPhone''s. NO WN or RHW sense - too recent. Online Definition of selfie noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary: selfie noun (informal): a photo of yourself that you take, typically with a smartphone or webcam, and usually put on social media """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericPhotograph, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Photographer ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Selfish :isTheOppositeOf :Generous ; :wnsense "selfish1adj" ; :wordnet "selfish" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Selfish' is an AttributeValue of those who are concerned primarily with their own interests and benefit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'selfish' in WordNet: 1. (3) selfish - (concerned chiefly or only with yourself and your advantage to the exclusion of others; 'Selfish men were...trying to make capital for themselves out of the sacred cause of civil rights'- Maria Weston Chapman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Selfishness :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Selfish ; :wnsense "selfishness1n" ; :wordnet "selfishness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Selfishness' is a Trait of those who are concerned primarily with their own well-being and preferences, to the extent of being unfair to other people. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'selfishness' in WordNet: 1. (2) selfishness - (stinginess resulting from a concern for your own welfare and a disregard of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :Selling :en "selling" ; :ldoce "sale", "sell" ; :wnsense "sale1n", "sale2n", "sell1v" ; :wordnet "sale", "sell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Selling' is the converse correlate of Buying; either Event entails the other; both are different perspectives on the same Event, from the point of view of the two different participants. Each instance of 'Selling' is a 'sale' and entails the corresponding 'purchase'. Habitual repeated action of this type can be represented alternatively by a assertion with the relation 'sells'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sell' and noun senses 1 and 2 of sale' in WordNet: 1. (633) sell - (exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent; 'He sold his house in January'; 'She sells her body to survive and support her drug habit') WN 'sale': 1. (414) sale - (the general activity of selling; 'they tried to boost sales'; 'laws limit the sale of handguns') 2. (128) sale - (a particular instance of selling; 'he has just made his first sale'; 'they had to complete the sale before the banks closed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuyingRelatedActivity, :SalesActivity, :Transaction, :TransferringOwnership, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Buying ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Buying ] . :SellingActivity :wnsense "deal6v", "sell3v", "trade5v" ; :wordnet "deal", "sell", "trade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type of ''SellingActivity'' is the selling or attempting to sell as a profession. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sell' in WordNet: 3. (59) deal, sell, trade - (do business; offer for sale as for one's livelihood; 'She deals in gold'; 'The brothers sell shoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransactingBusiness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SalesPerson ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaDeal ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OfferingForSale ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :SellingOrganization :en "selling organization" ; :enn "selling organization" ; :guid "bd590892-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Organization and #$Vendor. Each instance of #$SellingOrganization is an organization whose main function is to sell things by conducting sales activities. Specializations include #$SalesDepartment, #$AdvertisingAgency, and #$RetailOrganization. In SUMO the approximate equivalent is 'MercantileOrganization', but in COSMO a 'SellingOrganization' does not have to be a Corporation. SUMO: Any Corporation which sells goods or services to customers for a profit.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialOrganization, :Vendor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Customer ; owl:onProperty :hasConverseCorrelatedAgent ] . :SellingaService :en "selling" ; :ldoce "sell" ; :wnsense "sell1v" ; :wordnet "sell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SellingaService'' is a 'Selling' in which the product sold is a ''ServiceEvent''.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sell' and noun senses 1 and 2 of sale' in WordNet: 1. (633) sell - (exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent; 'He sold his house in January'; 'She sells her body to survive and support her drug habit') WN 'sale': 1. (414) sale - (the general activity of selling; 'they tried to boost sales'; 'laws limit the sale of handguns') 2. (128) sale - (a particular instance of selling; 'he has just made his first sale'; 'they had to complete the sale before the banks closed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuyingRelatedActivity, :Transaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :ServiceEvent ] . :SeltzerWater :guid "bd58f472-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carbonated water1n", "club soda1n", "seltzer1n", "seltzer2n", "soda water1n", "sparkling water1n" ; :wordnet "carbonated water", "club soda", "seltzer", "soda water", "sparkling water" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Carbonated DrinkingWater. NOTE: this is almost all ''Water'' soit is classified as a subtype of ''Water'' rather than just containing water. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'seltzer' in WordNet: 1. seltzer - (naturally effervescent mineral water) 2. soda water, carbonated water, club soda, seltzer, sparkling water - (effervescent beverage artificially charged with carbon dioxide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarbonatedBeverage, :DrinkMixer, :SoftDrink, :Water . :Semantic :pertainsTo :Meaning, :Semantics ; :wnsense "semantic1adj" ; :wordnet "semantic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Semantic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to ''Semantics'' and to the meanings of words and phrases generally. The terms 'semantic' and 'semantics' are sometimes used informally to refer to ambiguity in language. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semantic' in Wordnet: 1. (3) semantic - (of or relating to meaning or the study of meaning; 'semantic analysis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SemanticNetwork :en "semantic network" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SemanticNetwork is an arrangement of terms representing concepts, including an inheritance ('isa') hierarchy, and at least several other relations that connect terms and indicated conceptual relations among the concepts represented by the terms. A thesuarus differs from an ontology primarily in that the meanings of the types and relations are not defined by logical rules. The common ''SemanticNetwork'' is not an ''Ontology'' in not being suitable for logical inference, but an ''Ontolog'' has all of the characteristics of a ''SemanticNetwork'' plus the greater degree of logical formalization, so in COSMO an ''Ontology'' is classified as a subtype of ''SemanticNetwork''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowledgeClassificationSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Taxonomy ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :Semantic_Interoperability_Wikipedia :hasURL "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_interoperability" ; :isaProperPartOf :Wikipedia ; a :GenericWebPage, :WikipediaArticle ; rdfs:comment "A Wikipedia article discssing 'semantic interoperability'" . :Semanticist :guid "bf8b9a17-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "semanticist1n", "semiotician1n" ; :wordnet "semanticist", "semiotician" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Linguist specializing in #$Semantics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semanticist' in WordNet: 1. semanticist, semiotician - (a specialist in the study of meaning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Linguist, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Semantics ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Semantics :wnsense "semantics1n" ; :wordnet "semantics" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Semantics'' is a branch of Linguistics that explores the meanings of words and phrases. (Subtype or branch of Linguistics?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semantics' in WordNet: 1. semantics - (the study of language meaning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Linguistics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Linguistics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :Semen :guid "be00bece-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "come1n", "cum1n", "ejaculate1n", "seed5n", "semen1n", "seminal fluid1n" ; :wordnet "come", "cum", "ejaculate", "seed", "semen", "seminal fluid" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semen' in WordNet: 1. semen, seed, seminal fluid, ejaculate, cum, come - (the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSubstance, :BodyFluid, :ExcretionSubstance, :LiquidSubstance, :Secretion-Bodily, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spermatozoon ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ] . :Semester :wnsense "semester1n" ; :wordnet "semester" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Semester'' is a ''SchoolSession'' (the Event,not the TimeInterval) that is one of two such 'sessions' during a school year. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semester' in WordNet: 1. semester - (one of two divisions of an academic year) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SchoolSession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :biyearly ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ] . :Semi-DirectedPathSystem :guid "bebe0ecc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and a subcollection of #$PathSystem. Each instance of #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem is a path system SYS in which every link LINK is given at least one direction (specified by (#$linkFromToInSystem LINK X Y SYS)), and in which every loop is given two directions (so in a sense we can ignore the directions of loops). The directions of paths and non-loop-cycles (if there are any) in SYS are determined by the directions of links in SYS. When designing a particular semi-directed path system, it is convenient to create a constant for the system (say SYS1) and to assert that it is an instance of #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem (#$isa SYS1 #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem)). One can then create a constant for each node (such as Node1) in the system, and a constant for each link (such as LinkA) in the system (using (#$isa LinkA #$Path-Simple)), and then assert the directions of links using #$linkFromToInSystem (e.g., (#$linkFromToInSystem LinkA Node1 Node2 SYS1)). The axioms for #$linkFromToInSystem will allow one to infer other assertions, such as those involving #$pointOnPath, #$linkBetweenInSystem, #$nodeInSystem, and #$linkInSystem. One can then proceed creating loops, isolated points, and extra points on links, if they are desired.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathSystem . :SemiConscious :guid "6b428484-6e8f-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :wnsense "semiconscious1adj" ; :wordnet "semiconscious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$SemiConscious is the collection of all animals that meet some, but not all, of the necessary conditions for being #$Awake. Specifically, an animal that is a member of #$SemiConscious typically performs some behavior which is ordinarily considered deliberate, such as walking or speaking, but is insensitive to some or all environmental stimuli. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semiconscious' in WordNet: 1. semiconscious - (partially conscious; not completely aware of sensations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive, :UnableToFunction . :SemiFormal :wnsense "black-tie1adj", "semi-formal1adj", "semiformal1adj" ; :wordnet "black-tie", "semi-formal", "semiformal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SemiFormal'' is the term used for tuxedos at most 'formal' social events, also called 'black tie'. For fully 'formal' dress men need a 'white tie' and tails. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semiformal' in Wordnet: 1. semiformal, semi-formal, black-tie - (moderately formal; requiring a dinner jacket; 'he wore semiformal attire'; 'a black-tie dinner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DressedUp . :SemiSolid :guid "be00cc3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "semisolid1adj" ; :wordnet "semisolid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ''SemiSolid'' and 'Solid' are not completely disjoint, but there are gradations such that something may be classified as both 'Solid' and 'Semisolid'. But 'Semisolid' and 'Hard' are disjoint properties. NOTE that the attribute ''Soft'' is also deformable, but this ''SemiSolid'' is for substances and Objects that has some component of liquid in them. This distinguishes ''SemiSolid'' from ''Soft'', which is for ''PhysicalObject''s that have an outer surface that does not have a liquid component, and though ''Deformable'' may restore to its original shape, such as a spongy or velvety object. Pillows and many other ''Stuffed'' objects have the ''Soft'' attribute while 'SemiSolid' objects, after being deformed, will not easily be restored to the original shape.. CYC: An instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType (q.v.); the collection of tangible things that are tactually intermediate between solids and fluids. When a semisolid object is subjected to a sufficient force, it deforms substantially and does not break or crack. It may return to its original shape, like a sponge, or retain the shape which resulted from the applied force, like soft clay. As with #$SolidTangibleThings, semisolids have shapes independent of their containers (see #$ContainerIndependentShape) and they cannot be poured. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semisolid' in WordNet: 1. semisolid - (partly solid; having a rigidity and viscosity intermediate between a solid and a liquid; 'a semisolid mixture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deformable . :SemiSolidSubstance :guid "be00cc3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substance that is semisolid, which means that it has a large component of liquid but does not pour freely like a liquid. This includes a slurry, which can be pooured to some degree, as well as a Gel, which does not pour at all. This is a substance, not an Object, as in Cyc. Cyc: ('SemiSolidTangibleThing'): An instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType (q.v.); the collection of tangible things that are tactually intermediate between solids and fluids. When a semisolid object is subjected to a sufficient force, it deforms substantially and does not break or crack. It may return to its original shape, like a sponge, or retain the shape which resulted from the applied force, like soft clay. As with #$SolidTangibleThings, semisolids have shapes independent of their containers (see #$ContainerIndependentShape) and they cannot be poured.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceByState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deformable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SemiSolidSubstanceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SemiSolidSubstanceType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'SemiSolidSubstance' and other entities..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidType, :SubstanceType . :Semicircle :guid "c08d2ba5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hemicycle1n", "semicircle1n" ; :wordnet "hemicycle", "semicircle" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, :TwoDimensionalShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$RoundObject. This is the collection of all semi-circles, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$Semicircle is a spatial object having the form of a half circle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semicircle' in WordNet: 1. semicircle, hemicycle - (a plane figure with the shape of half a circle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curve, :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance, :Line, :RoundObject, :TwoDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circle ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArcShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :N_1_2 ; owl:onProperty :hasFractionMeasure ] . :Semicolon :wnsense "semicolon1n" ; :wordnet "semicolon" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Semicolon'' is a 'PunctuationMark' that signals the end of one part of a sentence, or serves to break the sentence into several 'phrases' (which need not be explicitly multi-word). It is used for many different purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semicolon' in WordNet: 1. semicolon - (a punctuation mark (';') used to connect independent clauses; indicates a closer relation than does a period) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PunctuationMark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TwoAdjacentClauses ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Semiconductor :guid "be011871-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "semiconducting material1n", "semiconductor1n" ; :wordnet "semiconducting material", "semiconductor" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'SemiconductorStuff': A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$SemiconductorStuff can, under varying electrical fields, behave as an electrical insulator at times and an electrical conductor at other times. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semiconductor' in WordNet: 1. semiconductor, semiconducting material - (a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance . :SemiconductorDevice :guid "bf6cf5b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "semiconductor device1n", "semiconductor unit1n", "semiconductor2n" ; :wordnet "semiconductor", "semiconductor device", "semiconductor unit" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ElectronicDevice. Each instance of #$SemiconductorDevice is an electronic component used in computers and communications equipment. Each instance of #$SemiconductorDevice is constructed largely from instances of some specialization of #$SemiconductorStuff such as #$Silicon or #$Germanium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semiconductor device' in WordNet: 1. semiconductor device, semiconductor unit, semiconductor - (a conductor made with semiconducting material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ElectronicDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Semiconductor ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :SemifinalTournamentRound :en "semi-final", "semi-final round" ; :wnsense "semi1n", "semifinal1n" ; :wordnet "semi", "semifinal" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SemifinalTournamentRound'' is a ''TournamentRound'' in which two games or matches (with one ''Competitor'' per game there are four Competitors) are played and the winners of those two games become the competitors in the ''FinalTournamentRound'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semifinal' in WordNet: 1. semifinal, semi - (one of the two competitions in the next to the last round of an elimination tournament) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TournamentRound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :CompetitorQuartet ] . :Seminal :pertainsTo :Semen ; :wnsense "seminal1adj" ; :wordnet "seminal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seminal' in Wordnet: 1. seminal - (pertaining to or containing or consisting of semen; 'seminal fluid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Seminar :wnsense "seminar1n" ; :wordnet "seminar" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Seminar'' is a small ''Conference'' held in one session in a room no large than a classroom. A series of such meetings is sometimes referred to as a 'seminar' but that series would be represented as a series of this type of meeting. A ''Seminar'' typically provides more interaction among the participants and presenters that does a larger Conference or a typical lecture in a university course. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'seminar' in WordNet: 1. seminar - (any meeting for an exchange of ideas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conference . :SeminarCourse :wnsense "seminar2n" ; :wordnet "seminar" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SeminarCourse'' is a ''Group'' of ''Seminar''s focused on some particular topic. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'seminar' in WordNet: 2. seminar - (a course offered for a small group of advanced students) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourseOfInstruction . :Seminary :wnsense "seminary2n" ; :wordnet "seminary" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'seminary' in WordNet: 2. seminary - (a theological school for training ministers or priests or rabbis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousSchool ; owl:disjointWith :PublicSchool . :Semiotics :wnsense "semiology1n", "semiotics1n" ; :wordnet "semiology", "semiotics" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :MentalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semiotics' in WordNet: 1. semiotics, semiology - ((philosophy) a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhilosophicalTheory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Philosophy ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :SemipermeableMembrane :wnsense "semipermeable membrane1n" ; :wordnet "semipermeable membrane" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SemipermeableMembrane'' is a ''Membrane'' that allows some substances in soltion to pass through while serving as a barrier to other substances. Ina ddition to biological membranes, there are synthetic''SemipermeableMembrane''s that are used in a variety of applications such as desalinization of water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'semipermeable membrane' in WordNet: 1. semipermeable membrane - (a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecule to pass through but not others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Membrane . :Semirigid :wnsense "semirigid2adj" ; :wordnet "semirigid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Semirigid is an attribute of objects that can deform to some extent under their own weight in a gravitational field, but are not fully 'Rigid' nor do they pour like a liquid or a slurry. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'semirigid' in Wordnet: 2. semirigid - (not fully rigid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deformable . :SemirigidObject :en "semirigid object", "semirigid thing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SemiSolidObject is any ''PhysicalObject'' that is 'SemiSolid'', which means that it has enough solid consistency to hold most of its shape in a graviational field, but is easily deformed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Semirigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deformable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Senate :en "Senate" ; :wnsense "senate1n" ; :wordnet "senate" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any 'LegislativeOrganization' that is called a 'senate' by the government that created it. THe 'members' are ''Senator''s, though there may be many other people working for the organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'senate' in Wordnet: 1. (6) senate - (assembly possessing high legislative powers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegislativeOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Senator ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Senator :wnsense "senator1n" ; :wordnet "senator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who is an official member of some Senate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'senator' in Wordnet: 1. (6) senator - (a member of a senate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Legislator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Senate ] . :SendingATelegram :en "send a telegram" ; :env "send a telegram" ; :guid "bf5b41f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cable1v", "telegraph1v", "wire2v" ; :wordnet "cable", "telegraph", "wire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events of sending a telegram. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'telegraph' in WordNet: 1. (2) cable, telegraph, wire - (send cables, wires, or telegrams) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SendingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Telegram ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Telegraph ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :SendingForSomeone :wnsense "call4v", "send for1v" ; :wordnet "call", "send for" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SendingForSomeone'' is a ''SummoningSomeone'' with the force of an order, from some ''Authority''. NOTE: ''SummoningSomeone'' is a sub-synset of ''SendingForSomeone'' . in WordNet; but it appears form the glosses that 'summon' is just a request, while 'send for' is more like an order. So the subtype relation is inverted here relative to WordNet. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'send for' in WordNet: 1. (4) call, send for - (order, request, or command to come; 'She was called into the director's office'; 'Call the police!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ordering, :SummoningSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Authority ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SendingSomething :en "sending" ; :guid "bd58d515-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "send" ; :wnsense "send1v", "send2v", "send3v", "send4v", "send6v" ; :wordnet "send" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SendingSomething' is interpreted more broadly than in Cyc: the thing sent can be abstract (information, email, telegram) or physical, and for abstract things does not imply loss of possession. This is the most general sense of 'send', but does not include 'sending' persons somewhere - the thing sent must be under the control of the person doing the sending.. As a subclas of ''GeneralizedTransfer'' this type inherits the 'hadThingTransferred' relation. For 'sending' via a commercial carrier use 'Shipping'. Cyc: The collection of events in which an #$Agent-PartiallyTangible intends to have an object (other than itself) delivered to some other #$Agent-PartiallyTangible. This involves at least a temporary loss of some user rights to the object by the sender. If successful, an instance of #$SendingSomething is also an instance of #$TransferringPossession. Includes verb senses 1,2,3,4 and 6 of 'send' in WordNet: 1. (79) send, direct - - (cause to go somewhere; 'The explosion sent the car flying in the air'; 'She sent her children to camp'; 'He directed all his energies into his dissertation') 2. (20) send, send out - - (to cause or order to be taken, directed, or transmitted to another place; 'He had sent the dispatches downtown to the proper people and had slept') 3. (20) mail, post, send - - (cause to be directed or transmitted to another place; 'send me your latest results'; 'I'll mail you the paper when it's written') 4. (14) transport, send, ship - - (transport commercially) 6. (5) send, get off, send off - - (transfer; 'The spy sent the classified information off to Russia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :GeneralizedTransfer . :SendingaTweet :en "sending a tweet", "tweeting" ; :enn "sending a tweet", "tweeting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SendingaTweet'' is a means of ''LinguisticCommunication'' that uses a ''CellularTelephone'' to send written messages transmitted over the ''Internet'' by means of the ''SmartPhoneApp'' named ''Twitter'' . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternetCommunication, :LinguisticCommunication, :SendingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Twitter ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :Senegal :hasISO3166_Digraph "SN" ; :wnsense "Senegal1n" ; :wordnet "Senegal" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Senegal' in WordNet: 1. Senegal, Republic of Senegal - (a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960) """ . :Senior :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Junior ; :wnsense "senior1n" ; :wordnet "senior" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Senior'' is a ''ComparativeAttributeValue'' that attributes to some Person a higher rank or status than some other person(s) due to longer time that the Person occupied a position. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'senior' in WordNet: 1. (3) senior - (older; higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service; 'senior officer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :SeniorStudent :wnsense "senior1n", "senior2adj" ; :wordnet "senior" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SeniorStudent'' is a ''FourYearStudent'' is a fourth-year Student at a ''FourYearSchool'' where students typically study for four years such as 'High School or 'College' (as distinct from 'Junior College' that has a curriculum lasting two years) Such students are divided chronologically into the year that they are currently pursuing as 'freshman', 'sophomore' 'junior' and 'senior'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and adjective sense 2 (here used as a noun) of 'senior' in WordNet: 1. (3) senior - (an undergraduate student during the year preceding graduation) WN adj 'senior': 2. (1) senior, fourth-year - (used of the fourth and final year in United States high school or college; \"the senior prom\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FourYearStudent . :Seniority :wnsense "seniority1n" ; :wordnet "seniority" ; a :RankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Seniority'' is any one of numerous grades of 'longevity' that typically can be ranked by the number of days a Person has spent in some position, or at some more formally defined ''Rank'' especially in military service. This type does not automatically imply 'higher seniority' than some comparison Person. This is a subtype of 'Rank'' and in a sense is a sub-''Rank'' that defines levels between other levels of ''Rank' (which are nominally graded by merit or hierarchy level rather than time). NOTE that ''Seniority'' in COSMO is a subtype of 'Rank'', a subtype of ''Status'' whereas in WN Seniority is a subtype of ''SuperiorStatus'' ... but 'lower seniority' is a form of 'Seniority'' so this COSMO ''Seniority'' is not represented as a subtype of ''SuperiorStatus'' - although in some contexts 'having seniority' means 'having higher seniority', that usage is ambiguous and this treatment attempts to avoid that ambiguity. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'seniority' in WordNet: 1. (1) seniority, senior status, higher status, higher rank - (higher rank than that of others especially by reason of longer service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rank, :Role . :Sensation :ldoce "sensation", "sense" ; :wnsense "sensation1n", "sense1v" ; :wordnet "sensation", "sense" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling caused by an act of Perceiving, including a Perceiving of some internal condition of the body. This is not for the 'sensing' performed by a ''SensorDevice''. For that use ''Detection''. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'sensation' in Random House Webster: 4. a feeling or perception produced through the organs of touch, taste, etc., or resulting from a particular condition of some part of the body: to have a sense of cold. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'sensation' and verb sense 1 of 'sense' in WordNet: 1. (15) sensation, esthesis, aesthesis, sense experience, sense impression, sense datum - (an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation; 'a sensation of touch') WN verb 'sense': 1. (26) feel, sense - (perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles; 'He felt the wind'; 'She felt an object brushing her arm'; 'He felt his flesh crawl'; 'She felt the heat when she got out of the car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, :Perceiving . :Sense :ldoce "sense" ; :wnsense "sense1n" ; :wordnet "sense" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sense' is a specialization of 'Awareness' in which an agent is aware of something specific: to be an instance of this type, the awareness needs to be a result of current perceptions, but it can include some element of reasoning (conscious or unconscious) in arriving at the awareness. in WordNet: 1. (37) sense - (a general conscious awareness; 'a sense of security'; 'a sense of happiness'; 'a sense of danger'; 'a sense of self') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awareness . :SenseOfHearing :takesValue :HearingAcuity ; :wnsense "audition1n", "auditory modality1n", "auditory sense1n", "hearing6n", "sense of hearing1n" ; :wordnet "audition", "auditory modality", "auditory sense", "hearing", "sense of hearing" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SenseOfHearing is an AttributeType of animals or artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect sounds; represents the 'sense of hearing'. This AttributeType takes values of ''HearingAcuity'' that can quantitatively specify a hearing ability, on an absolute scale, or relative to the abilities of the average animal of its species. Its values may be intensive values, which are instances of 'HearingAcuity' such as 'excellent' 'very good', 'average' 'poor' and 'deaf'. A HearingAcuity may also be quantified by more precise measures, such as ability to hear in specific frequency ranges. (@ToDo: quantitative sound detection measures not yet (r859) represented in COSMO). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sense of hearing' in WordNet: 6. hearing, audition, auditory sense, sense of hearing, auditory modality - (the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; \"his hearing was impaired\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SensoryAttributeType . :SenseOfSight :wnsense "vision2n", "visual sensation1n" ; :wordnet "vision", "visual sensation" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sight'' or 'vision' is the sensation of ''Seeing''. For the capability see ''SenseOfVision''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vision' in WordNet: 2. (8) sight, vision, visual sense, visual modality - (the ability to see; the visual faculty) 'he had a visual sensation of intense light') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensation . :SenseOfVision :en "ability to see", "sense of sight", "sense of vision", "visual ability" ; :ldoce "sight" ; :wnsense "sight3n", "vision2n", "visual modality1n", "visual sense1n" ; :wordnet "sight", "vision", "visual modality", "visual sense" ; a :AttributeValueType, :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''SenseOfVision'' (a ''Capability'') is the ability to perceive colors and shapes of physical objects by means of light images from light waves tranmited through a transparent medium, and detected through the eyes and interpreted by the visual processing portions of the ''Brain''. This is an AttributeType of animals *or* sophisticated artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect light patterns emitted from objects and process and interpret them to determine what kinds of objects are in the visual field. This represents the 'sense of sight' generally. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sight' and sense 2 of 'vision' in WordNet: 3. (6) sight, vision, visual sense, visual modality - - (the ability to see; the visual faculty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisualAcuity . :Senseless :ldoce "senseless" ; :wnsense "irrational1adj", "mindless1adj", "senseless1adj" ; :wordnet "irrational", "mindless", "senseless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Senseless' is an intense subtype of 'Unreasonable', an AttributeValue modifying actions (including emotions), plans, or policies (not applied to people). To characterize an Action as 'Senseless' means that it is so clearly detrimental to the agent's goals that no objective observer would consider it as appropriate; when an action is 'Senseless' it should be clear to an objective observer that the action is not based on a reasoning approach, but more likely due to emotional urges, and would show poor judgment in that it would either not achieve the desired goal, be detrimental to the agent performing the action, or be excessively detrimental to other people's goals. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'senseless' and part of sense 1 (not applying to people) of 'irrational' in WordNet: 1. (2) mindless, reasonless, senseless - - (not marked by the use of reason; 'mindless violence'; 'reasonless hostility'; 'a senseless act') WN 'irrational': 1. (2) irrational - - (not consistent with or using reason; 'irrational fears'; 'irrational animals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unreasonable . :Sensibility :wnsense "sensibility2n" ; :wordnet "sensibility" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sensibility' in WordNet: 2. (2) sensibility - (refined sensitivity to pleasurable or painful impressions; 'cruelty offended his sensibility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmotionalSensitivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Refined ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sensible :isTheOppositeOf :Unreasonable ; :ldoce "sensible" ; :wnsense "sensible1adj" ; :wordnet "sensible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sensible' is a more intense degree of 'NotUnreasonable', an AttributeValue modifying actions or policies, and is not applied to people (use 'Reasonable' or quantitative measures (use 'NotExcessive'). Use of 'Sensible' indicates that the action,plan, or policy is of a type that is not merely not detrimental to an agent, but is significantly beneficial and helpful in reaching that agent's goals. Coresponds to sense 1 of 'sensible' in WordNet: 1. (3) reasonable, sensible - - (showing reason or sound judgment; 'a sensible choice'; 'a sensible person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotUnreasonable . :SensingByaDevice :wnsense "detection1n", "sensing1n" ; :wordnet "detection", "sensing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SensingByaDevice'' is a 'Detection' of some Thing - a state, the value of an observable thing, the presence of something in a location, that was performed by a ''SensorDevice'' and generated a ''SensorSignal''. Such signals are either themselves detectable by humans,or are transmitted to some Device that records the value of the signal or generates a different signal that can be detected by a human. Among the Devices that can receive a ''SensorSignal'' and convert it to a human-perceivable signal are audible alarms (e.g. home or office fire alarms), flashing warning lights, dials, displays, or gauges on any of multiple types of ''DisplayDevice'', that produce visible information, and others. The ''SensingByaDevice'' Action of the device can be intermittent or continuous. In cases where only specific situations cause a signal that needs attention, the 'signal' produced can be a 'null signal' (e.g. no sound) which, if monitored, suggests that no problem exists. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sensing' in WordNet: 1. (3) detection, sensing - (the perception that something has occurred or some state exists; 'early detection can often lead to a cure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Detection, :IBTGeneration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SensorSignal ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SensorDevice :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ] . :Sensitive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Sensitivity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Insensitive ; :ldoce "sensitive" ; :wnsense "sensitive1adj" ; :wordnet "sensitive" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sensitive' is the AttributeValue of something that is susceptible to be affected by an action, or to react to an action. This is a broad sense of 'sensitive' including bacteria being sensitive to antibiotics, wounds being sensitive to touch (painful when touched); an instrument being sensitive to (able to detect) a certain stimulus. Sensitivity can in some cases be quantified, as with bacterial antibiotic sensitivity or other biological responses to specific quantities or concentrations of substances. In such cases 'sensitive' may be more or less arbitrarily defined and distinguished from 'insensitive' for specific objects by some specific level of sensitivity. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'sensitive' in WordNet: 1. (13) sensitive - - (responsive to physical stimuli; 'a mimosa's leaves are sensitive to touch'; 'a sensitive voltmeter'; 'sensitive skin'; 'sensitive to light') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Susceptible . :Sensitivity :agentHasAttribute :Sensitive ; :wnsense "sensibility3n", "sensitiveness2n", "sensitiveness3n", "sensitivity1n", "sensitivity2n", "sensitivity4n" ; :wordnet "sensibility", "sensitiveness", "sensitivity" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sensitivity'' is the most general sense 'being sensitive', including several differentiable subtypes. Includes noun senses 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 'sensitivity' in WordNet: 1. (8) sensitivity, sensitiveness, sensibility - ((physiology) responsiveness to external stimuli; the faculty of sensation; 'sensitivity to pain') 2. (4) sensitivity, sensitiveness - (the ability to respond to physical stimuli or to register small physical amounts or differences; 'a galvanometer of extreme sensitivity'; 'the sensitiveness of Mimosa leaves does not depend on a change of growth') 4. sensitivity, predisposition - (susceptibility to a pathogen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState . :Sensor :en "detector", "sensor" ; :guid "bd589e5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sensor'' is a PhysicalObject that detects something and creates an interpretable signal (''SensorSignal'). This is a broad category including biological and man-made 'sensors' here to allow reference to all sensors in discussions. This can be a Device or a sensory organ or a molecular signal on or in a 'Cell'. For each instance or type of Sensor, the *type* of thing detected should be specified. A 'Sensor' may detect more than one type of thing. NOTE WN does not have a category that includes biological sensors as well as Devices. Those two are subtypes ''SensoryReceptor'' and ''SensorDevice'', resectively. Although the type 'Sensor' will usually be used to specify the sensitive device or sense organ that detected something, in some cases it may be more convenient to just specify a larger aggregate, such as an 'Animal' (including people) that did the sensing. Cyc: (Generic sensor, not just devices) The collection of devices, biological or artificial, that gather information. Note: If a well-known named part of such an entity does the data-gathering, then generally only those parts are considered sensors, not the whole entity. E.g., even though a person gathers information, we generally do not consider them to be a sensor, but rather the sensors are their eyes, ears, skin, etc. In a context such as an ophthalmology convention, 'well-known part' has a different binding, and they would consider just certain parts of the eye to be sensors. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :detects ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :SensorDevice :CYC "Sensor-Device" ; :wnsense "detector1n", "sensing element1n", "sensor1n" ; :wordnet "detector", "sensing element", "sensor" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this sense of 'Sensor' is the device, and does not include biologicalsensors such as eyes or ears. A sensor device is designed to be used for detection of some category of object or substance, or some condition or any measurable quantity. Sensor definition from 'Ontology for Level-One Sensor Fusion and Knowledge Discovery' (by Marion G. Ceruti, Ph.D.) A sensor is a device that responds to a physical stimulus, (such as heat, light, sound, pressure, magnetism, or a particular motion) and transmits a resulting impulse for measurement or operating a control. Sensors can be mechanical, electrical, electro-optical, chemical, or biological (part of a living organism). Sensors can be land based or platform based, such as towed arrays. Related concepts include: signals, detection, modes of operation sensor arrays, operational limitations (e.g. range, depth, distance and altitude), resolution, passive sensors (e.g. hydrophone array), and active sensors (e.g. sonar). Concepts that deal with the interaction of signals with sensors include detection and signal-to-noise ratio mentioned in the section on signals. Sensor geometry is also important, as some sensors are not omni-directional. Their geographical environment limits others. Thus concepts that apply to geometry in general, such as points, lines, line segments, polygons, circles, ellipses, and other spatial entities must also be part of an ontology that applies to sensors in particular. Some examples of spatial relationships and geometry as applied to sensors are as follows: 1. An ellipse is drawn around a position to indicate the error in the position measurement. The major and minor axes of the ellipse represent the uncertainty in the coordinates of the position. 2. If a sensor must detect a target, the target must be within the range of the sensor, both in the distance (radius) and angularly (azimuth). Three-dimensional geometry is important when a sensor is located in a canyon and it depends upon a line-of-sight geometry to detect a target. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego (SSC-SD), Code 24121. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sensor' in WordNet: 1. (7) detector, sensor, sensing element - (any device that receives a signal or stimulus (as heat or pressure or light or motion etc.) and responds to it in a distinctive manner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Sensor . :SensorSignal :en "sensor signal", "signal" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SensorSignal'' is a Group of one or more ''Datum''s (pieces of information), produced by an individual or intermittent or continuous Act of ''SensingByaDevice'. When the device is porperly functioning, the signal can be directly perceived by humans (e.g. a sound) or is transmitted to a Device that can record the signal or convert it to a form perceivable by humans, or both. As a ''Signal'' this is an artifact that is an InformationBearingThing, which is a very general type; it can take any of a variety of forms. The content s too varied to be restricted at this level. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Data, :Signal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Datum ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SensingByaDevice ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Sensorial :pertainsTo :SensoryAbility, :SensoryAttributeType, :SensoryEnhancementDevice, :SensoryReceptor ; :wnsense "sensorial1adj", "sensory2adj" ; :wordnet "sensorial", "sensory" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sensory' in Wordnet: 2. (3) sensory, sensorial - (involving or derived from the senses; 'sensory experience'; 'sensory channels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Sensory :wnsense "centripetal3adj", "receptive3adj", "sensational3adj", "sensory1adj", "sensory3adj" ; :wordnet "centripetal", "receptive", "sensational", "sensory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sensory'' is the attrbute pertaiing to the senses in an emotionally neutral manner. The atttribute that characterizes sensations that cause emotional reactions is ''Sensual''. Includes to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'sensory' in Wordnet: 1. (4) centripetal, receptive, sensory - (of a nerve fiber or impulse originating outside and passing toward the central nervous system; 'sensory neurons') 3. sensational, sensory - (relating to or concerned in sensation; 'the sensory cortex'; 'sensory organs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SensoryAbility :ldoce "sense" ; :wnsense "sensation5n", "sense3n", "sensory faculty1n", "sentience2n", "sentiency1n" ; :wordnet "sensation", "sense", "sensory faculty", "sentience", "sentiency" ; a :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SensoryAbility' is an AgentCapability by which an Agent can perceive a certain type of stimulus or phenomenon. The subtypes and instances of 'SensoryAbility' are AttributeValues, of organisms or of artificial sensors, that specify what level or qualitative type of ability to detect phenomena the agent or sensor has; these attributes can specify what level of sensitivity or what qualitative distinctions can be made by the agent or sensor.. The traditional five senses are: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. This type can be extended to include the abilities of artifact sensors to detect phenomena, including chemical substances (somewhat analogous to taste). The subtypes of 'SensoryAbility' will be values of the general AttributeType 'SensoryAttributeType', or of its subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sense' in WordNet: 3. (19) sense, sensation, sentience, sentiency, sensory faculty - - (the faculty through which the external world is apprehended; 'in the dark he had to depend on touch and on his senses of smell and hearing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbilityToPerceive . :SensoryAttributeType :ldoce "sense" ; :takesValue :SensoryAbility ; :wnsense "sense3n" ; :wordnet "sense" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'SensoryAttributeType' is an AttributeType of animals specifying the ability to detect specific types of stimulus or phenomenon. The values will be subtypes or instances of 'SensoryAbility'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sense' in WordNet: 3. (19) sense, sensation, sentience, sentiency, sensory faculty - - (the faculty through which the external world is apprehended; 'in the dark he had to depend on touch and on his senses of smell and hearing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :SensoryCapabilityType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of metaclass 'SensoryCapabilityType' is some subtype of 'SensoryAbility' such as hearing, touch, sight, etc. This applies to both organisms and artifacts with perceptual capability. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CapabilityType . :SensoryEnhancementDevice :en "sensory enhancement device" ; :enn "sensory enhancement device" ; :guid "4d76f50e-e7c2-41d7-9e23-b334a1bba1b0" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Instances of this collection are devices which are used to enhance a user's perception (cf. #$Perceiving) in some way. Positive examples include instances of #$Binoculars and #$HearingAid. Borderline cases might include #$ElectronMicroscopes and #$RadioTelescopes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device . :SensoryEnhancementDevice-Aural :guid "4a863472-e7c2-41d7-999e-e9756afd704e" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The specialization of #$SensoryEnhancementDevice. Instances of this collection are devices which are used to enhance a user's #$Hearing (cf. #$Perceiving) in some way. Positive examples include #$HearingAids and #$Stethoscopes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SensoryEnhancementDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :detects ] . :SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual :en "visual enhancement device" ; :enn "visual enhancement device" ; :guid "0d59ecb6-e7c1-41d7-992a-ebb061a423b4" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The specialization of #$SensoryEnhancementDevice. Instances of this collection are devices which are used to enhance a user's #$VisualPerception (cf. #$Perceiving) in some way. Positive examples include instances of #$Binoculars and #$MagnifyingGlass. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SensoryEnhancementDevice . :SensoryReceptor :wnsense "receptor2n", "sense organ1n", "sensory receptor1n" ; :wordnet "receptor", "sense organ", "sensory receptor" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SensoryReceptor'' is part of an Animal body that can detect conditions in the envronment and send signals to the brain or other parts of the body in response. These are usually close to the surface of the body, though, as in the ear, they may be somewhat inside. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sensory receptor' in WordNet: 1. sense organ, sensory receptor, receptor - (an organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organ, :Sensor . :Sensual :contrastsWith :Intellectual ; :pertainsTo :Appetite, :PleasurableSensation, :SenseOfHearing, :SexualArousal, :SkinSensation, :SmellingAbility, :TasteSensation, :TastingAbility, :TouchAbility ; :wnsense "animal1adj", "carnal1adj", "fleshly1adj", "sensual1adj" ; :wordnet "animal", "carnal", "fleshly", "sensual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sensual'' pertains to 'pleasures of the flesh' and the sensory functions involved. The eotionally neutral attribute referring to the senses is ''Sensory''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sensual' in Wordnet: 1. (1) animal, carnal, fleshly, sensual - (marked by the appetites and passions of the body; 'animal instincts'; 'carnal knowledge'; 'fleshly desire'2; 'a sensual delight in eating'; 'music is the only sensual pleasure without vice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bodily, :PertainingAttributeValue . :Sensualist :wnsense "sensualist1n" ; :wordnet "sensualist" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sensualist' in WordNet: 1. sensualist - (a person who enjoys sensuality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PleasantEvent ; owl:onProperty :enjoys ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sensuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sensuous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Hedonist, :Person, :Sensualist ; :pertainsTo :Sensation ; :wnsense "sensuous1adj" ; :wordnet "sensuous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Sensuous'' characterizes a Person who takes delight in experiencing things through the senses, especially of taste (Food) and touch (including SexualArousal) and smell and sight (of beautiful things) and sound (of music). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sensuous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sensuous - (taking delight in beauty; 'the sensuous joy from all things fair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Sentence :ldoce "sentence" ; :wnsense "sentence1n" ; :wordnet "sentence" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Sentence is the smallest unit of a language that can express a logical proposition. In human languages, it typically will have at least a verb and a subject. In logical languages, there has to be a relation or function and at least one argument. Some Sentence will be the linguistic equivalent of a logical and semantic 'Assertion', though there may be sentences that are not assertions (i.e. declarative sentences), particularly questions and commands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sentence' in WordNet: 1. (31) sentence - (a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language; 'he always spoke in grammatical sentences') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase . :SentientAnimal :guid "bd58a520-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subset of #$Animal, the collection of all animals which have a mind and are capable of conscious thought, or at least are best treated as such if you have to deal with them.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal . :Sentiment :wnsense "sentiment1n" ; :wordnet "sentiment" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sentiment'' is a Pleasant ''Feeling'' that arises from thoughts of something a Person likes - another Person or an Event or perceiving an Object or recalling a Past Experience of the one feeling it. Too many possible causes to enumerate, collected under the attribute ''Sentimental''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sentiment' in WordNet: 1. (7) sentiment - (tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sentimental :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isLessIntenseThan :Emotional ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Sentiment ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Sentiment ; :wnsense "sentimental1adj" ; :wordnet "sentimental" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' that is a less intense form of ''Emotional'' and usually induces a Person to have sweet feelings about something that seems pleasant. This can apply to a Person or to some Event or Object that induces ''Sentiment''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sentimental' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sentimental - (given to or marked by sentiment or sentimentality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Emotional . :Sepal :guid "bd58ef78-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sepal1n" ; :wordnet "sepal" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A sepal is a specialized leaf; collectively a set of sepals comprise a flower's calyx. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sepal' in WordNet: 1. sepal - (one of the green parts that form the calyx of a flower) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :FloralLeaf, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GreenColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calyx ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Separate :ldoce "separate" ; :wnsense "separate1adj" ; :wordnet "separate" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Separate' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for some Group (often a Pair) of entities that are independent of each other, not part of a common thing, or it can be applied to any object separated from others within a group. Often this applies to actions that occur independently of each other, but it can be applied to Objects to emphasize that they may have had a common origin, but are now independent. This corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'separate' in WordNet: 1. (22) separate - - (independent; not united or joint; 'a problem consisting of two separate issues'; 'they went their separate ways'; 'formed a separate church') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Different, :Independent . :Separated-Status :en "living apart" ; :guid "f851c684-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "separated3adj" ; :wordnet "separated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The attribute of being #$Married but not living with one's #$spouse. An intent exists by at least one of the spouses not to live with the other. Often such a status is a requirement for a #$Divorce. Some jurisdictions may have legal definitions of and requirements for this status. #$Married couples (#$Couple-PairOfPeople) who live hundreds of miles apart do not necessarily have this status. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'separated' in WordNet: 3. (1) apart, separate, separated - (not living together as man and wife; 'decided to live apart'; 'maintaining separate households'; 'they are separated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Married . :Separately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Separate ; :wnsense "individually1adv", "on an individual basis1adv", "one by one3adv", "separately1adv", "severally2adv", "singly2adv" ; :wordnet "individually", "on an individual basis", "one by one", "separately", "severally", "singly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Separately'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify assertions about groups to indicate that the assertion pertains to each of the members of that group as individuals.. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'separately' in WordNet: 1. (5) individually, separately, singly, severally, one by one, on an individual basis - (apart from others; 'taken individually, the rooms were, in fact, square'; 'the fine points are treated singly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Separation :wnsense "clearance1n", "interval3n", "separation4n" ; :wordnet "clearance", "interval", "separation" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Separation' is a ''StraightPath'' that is a one-dimensional Region of space that lies between the points on the surfaces of two different PhysicalObjects that are closest to each other of all of the pairs of points. A thin straight rod shorter than this can fit between those points on the objects ??Problem: a''path'' is a physical Object and a ''interval'' is a region of space (in one interpretation) but these must be disjoint. So is a 'separation' a region of space or the physical stuff between things?? Needs more thinking.. For now it's a Path. Includes noun sense 4 of 'separation' and sense 1 of 'clearance' in WordNet: 4. (1) interval, separation - (the distance between things; 'fragile items require separation and cushioning') WN noun 'clearance': 1. (1) clearance - (the distance by which one thing clears another; the space between them) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StraightPath, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :PairOfObjects ] . :Separation-Complete :guid "bd58a48e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'DividingSomethingIntoParts' in which the thing divided is a PhysicalObject. Cyc: A specialization of #$SeparationEvent. In each instance of #$Separation-Complete, one object is separated into two or more distinct, unconnected pieces. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DividingSomethingIntoParts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :SeparationEvent :guid "bd58a50f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "separate" ; :wnsense "disunite2v", "separate2v", "separate4v", "separate6v", "separate8v", "separation2n" ; :wordnet "disunite", "separate", "separation" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most general sense of separating or 'parting' (coming apart, transitive or intransitive); the subtypes will be more specific about what is being separated and how. The subtypes distinguish between separating with a cutting device (''CuttingSomething'') and by other means, usually forceful pulling apart (''TearingSomething''). This is more general than either the CYC or SUMO sense, and includes separation of abstract objects, such as dividing an AbstractText into more than one separate document, and separating one part of a group from another.. This includes both transitive and intransitive senses. It also includes partial separations, such as developing a crack (naturally or intentionally). In cases where the 'parting' may seem metaphorical, such as couples parting from each other, there is still a physical separation occurring, so this is used for the general sense, and is a subtype of 'Motion'. This includes intransitive and transitive senses, and applies to a Group of at least two objects. Cyc: A sub-collection of #$PhysicalEvent. In each instance of #$SeparationEvent, an object is cut, penetrated, scraped, broken, cracked or pulverized, so that part of the object is no longer attached to another part where it once was. Note that the part need not be completely separated from the object; it may still be attached in places (and in penetration with a needle,it can be almost completely intact). See the specialization #$Separation-Complete for the case of complete separation. SUMO 'Separating' A Process where a SelfConnectedObject is separated into (some of) its parts. Note that Separating is different from Detaching in that the latter only results in the two objects not being connected. Note too that Separating is different from Removing in that one or both of the two things which are separated may or may not be moved from the location where they were separated. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'separation' and verb senses 2,4,5,6, and 8 of 'separate' and verb sense 1 of 'split' and verb senses 1 to 5 of 'part'in WordNet: 1. (6) separation - (the act of dividing or disconnecting) WN verb 'separate' 2. (11) separate, disunite, divide, part - (force, take, or pull apart; 'He separated the fighting children'; 'Moses parted the Red Sea') 4. (6) divide, split, split up, separate, dissever, carve up - (separate into parts or portions; 'divide the cake into three equal parts'; 'The British carved up the Ottoman Empire after World War I') 6. (3) separate - (divide into components or constituents; 'Separate the wheat from the chaff') WN verb 'part': 3. depart, part, start, start out, set forth, set off, set out, take off - (leave; 'The family took off for Florida') 5. separate, disunite, divide, part - (force, take, or pull apart; 'He separated the fighting children'; 'Moses parted the Red Sea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :Motion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Object ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComingApart ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Sepsis :wnsense "sepsis1n" ; :wordnet "sepsis" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sepsis' in WordNet: 1. sepsis - (the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection . :September :guid "bd58c131-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "September1n" ; :wordnet "September" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all Months which are September. A specialization of #$CalendarMonth. Each instance of #$September is the ninth month of a particular year in the #$GregorianCalendar (q.v.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'September' in Wordnet: 1. (18) September, Sep, Sept - (the month following August and preceding October) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Month . :Septicemia :guid "c004605c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "blood poisoning1n", "septicaemia1n", "septicemia1n" ; :wordnet "blood poisoning", "septicaemia", "septicemia" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of conditions which presents as a systemic disease from the presence of #$Pathogenic #$Microorganisms or their toxins in the blood. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'septicemia' in WordNet: 1. blood poisoning, septicemia, septicaemia - (invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeThreateningCondition, :Sepsis . :Septum :guid "aeaa2dfe-89ff-11d6-8000-0002b34b8539" ; :wnsense "septum1n" ; :wordnet "septum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$OrganismPart. Each instance of #$Septum is a normally occurring thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or mass of tissue in an organism.r Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'septum' in WordNet: 1. (6) septum - ((anatomy) a dividing partition between two tissues or cavities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalAnatomicalPart, :NaturalPartition, :SheetlikeBarrier . :Sepulcher :wnsense "burial chamber1n", "sepulcher1n", "sepulchre1n", "sepulture2n" ; :wordnet "burial chamber", "sepulcher", "sepulchre", "sepulture" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sepulcher'' is large for a tomb, with room for more than one Corpse. This is below ground, though it may be a cavity in the side of a hill, therefore above surrounding terrain. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sepulcher' in WordNet: 1. burial chamber, sepulcher, sepulchre, sepulture - (a chamber that is used as a grave) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chamber, :Grave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GraveSite ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sequel :wnsense "sequel1n", "subsequence1n" ; :wordnet "sequel", "subsequence" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sequel'' is an ''Event'' that follows and may be caused by the outcome (the immediate ''Effect'') of some earlier Event, or may be a preplanned subsequent part of a ''Procedure''. This is broadly applicable to an Event that follow another and has some form of close relationship to the prior Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sequel' in WordNet: 1. sequel, subsequence - (something that follows something else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Effect ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prelude ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Sequence :wnsense "sequence1n" ; :wordnet "sequence" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sequence'' is a subtype of ''Series'' in which the individual members of the Series follow immediate after each other with no significant gaps. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'sequence' in WordNet: 1. (13) sequence - (serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern; 'the sequence of names was alphabetical'; 'he invented a technique to determine the sequence of base pairs in DNA') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Series . :Sequential :wnsense "consecutive1adj", "sequential1adj", "serial1adj", "successive1adj" ; :wordnet "consecutive", "sequential", "serial", "successive" ; a :AppearanceType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sequential'' is a subtype of 'LinearlyOrdered' applying to things that are not only in some linear sequence, but the members of the group are adjacent to each other in the sequence, without any skipping of elements of the group. This has the same basic meaning as ''SequentiallyOrdered'' but is a different type with different usage. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'sequential' in WordNet: WN adjective 'sequential': 1. (1) consecutive, sequent, sequential, serial, successive - (in regular succession without gaps; 'serial concerts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrdered . :SequentialLoopExecution :wnsense "iteration1n", "looping1n" ; :wordnet "iteration", "looping" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SequentialLoopExecution'' is a Series of ''InstructionLoopExecution''s that is part of a ''ComputerProgramExecution'' and terminates by completion of the task or by ablrting. Most closely Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'looping' in WordNet: 1. iteration, looping - ((computer science) executing the same set of instructions a given number of times or until a specified result is obtained; 'the solution is obtained by iteration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerInstructionExecution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :InstructionLoopExecution ] . :SequentiallyOrdered :en "sequentially ordered" ; :wnsense "sequential1adj" ; :wordnet "sequential" ; a :OrderingRelation ; rdfs:comment """To be ''SequentiallyOrdered'' is the same as being 'sequential', i.e. the elements can be mapped to the Positive Integers from 1 to the cardinality of the Group. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'sequential' in WordNet: 1. (1) consecutive, sequent, sequential, serial, successive - (in regular succession without gaps; 'serial concerts') """ . :Sequin :guid "bf5248d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diamante1n", "sequin1n", "spangle1n" ; :wordnet "diamante", "sequin", "spangle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of small, shiny, usually round objects used as decoration on clothing and other items. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sequin' in WordNet: 1. sequin, spangle, diamante - (adornment consisting of a small piece of shiny material used to decorate clothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adornment, :ShinyObject, :TinyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :isPartOfOrAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ] . :Serape :guid "c1179f23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sarape1n", "serape1n" ; :wordnet "sarape", "serape" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of long brightly-colored scarfs, traditionally worn by Mexican women. ?Worn by 'Mexican women' (CYC) or by 'Mexican men' (WN)? WN looks more accurate on this one. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'serape' in WordNet: 1. serape, sarape - (a long brightly colored shawl; worn mainly by Mexican men) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shawl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MexicanPerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colorful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Serb :wnsense "Serb1n", "Serbian1n" ; :wordnet "Serb", "Serbian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Serb' in WordNet: 1. Serbian, Serb - (a member of a Slavic people who settled in Serbia and neighboring areas in the 6th and 7th centuries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Serbia ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Serbia :has :BelgradeSerbia ; :wnsense "Serbia1n", "Srbija1n" ; :wordnet "Serbia", "Srbija" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: at the time the WordNet was developed,Serbia was part of 'Yugoslavia''. It became independent in the 1990's. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Serbia' in WordNet: 1. Serbia, Srbija - (a historical region in central and northern Yugoslavia; Serbs settled the region in the 6th and 7th centuries) """ . :Serbian :isAnAttributeValueOf :Serbia ; :pertainsTo :Serb, :Serbia ; :wnsense "Serbian1adj" ; :wordnet "Serbian" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Serbian' in Wordnet: 1. Serbian - (of or relating to the people or language or culture of the region of Serbia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Sergeant :guid "f1601032-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "sergeant1n" ; :wordnet "sergeant" ; a :PersonType, :USArmyRankType, :USMarinesRankType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sergeant'' is a Person with Rank intermediate between #$Corporal-RankType and #$SergeantFirstClass-Rank in the U.S. Army, and between #$Corporal-RankType and #$StaffSergeant-Rank in the U.S. Marine Corps. A U.S. Army Sergeant may command an instance of either #$Squad-UnitDesignation or #$Platoon-UnitDesignation. COSMO: this is the Person having a rank of ''Sergeant''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sergeant' in WordNet: 1. (6) sergeant - (any of several noncommissioned officer ranks in the army or air force or marines ranking above a corporal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonCommissionedOfficer, :Soldier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Squad-Military ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :Series :guid "be8e694c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "series1n" ; :wordnet "series" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: A 'Series' differs from the parent 'LinearlyOrderedGroup' in that the ordering is not arbitrary such as a simple mapping from the natural numbers to elements), and has some rationale; the elements may have a common type, or the ordering may be based on some principle, or due to some process other than a random process (as in people lining up in the order in which they arrived). It can be concrete or abstract. A series will typically have more than one ordered component element, but to allow broader generalization, it may have only one ordered element. The ordering relation will be an instance of'LinearOrderingRelation', which must be specified for instances as the first element.. The CYC relation 'seriesOrderedBy' serves this purpose. In CYC the principle of ordering is an instance of Relation. Cyc: A specialization of #$Group (q.v.). Each instance of #$Series is a complex temporal thing in which two or more other things are ordered in a linear fashion. Examples include a line of people at a ticket booth (an instance of the specialization #$PhysicalSeries) and a series of pitches in a baseball game (an instance of the specialization #$EventSeries). In each instance of #$Series, there is some relation by which its members are ordered (see the related predicate #$seriesOrderedBy); this relation often varies from series to series. ***** Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'series' in WordNet: 1. (476) series - (similar things placed in order or happening one after another; 'they were investigating a series of bank robberies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinearOrderingRelation ; owl:onProperty :seriesOrderedBy ] . :SeriesOfImages a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SeriesOfImages is a Group of AbstractImages that represent images in some meaningful sequence - usually in time sequence (as in a movie or dream). The representation of a Dream would be in the brain of the dreamer, but that may fade quickly out of existence. Also called 'ImageSeries': A Group of two or more 'AbstractImage's that are intended to relate to each other in some way. The most common subtype of 'ImageSeries' is a 'MovieClip' which is a whole 'Movie' or a portion of a Movie. The ImageSeries can be represented in any physical medium, as celluloid or paper (in which cases each image would be a 'StillImage'), or images in a digital memory, CD, DVD, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, :LinearlyOrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractImage ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SeriesWithoutRepetition :guid "bf7c353a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$SeriesWithoutRepetition is a #$Series in which each member occurs only once.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Series . :Serious :isTheOppositeOf :Lighthearted, :Scatterbrained ; :ldoce "serious" ; :wnsense "serious-minded1adj", "serious1adj" ; :wordnet "serious", "serious-minded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Serious' is an attribute of people Corresponds to sense 2 of 'serious' in RHW: 2. of grave or somber disposition, character, or manner: a serious occasion; a serious man. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'serious' and sense 1 of 'serious-minded' in WordNet; in WordNet: WN 'serious' 1. (29) serious - - (concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities; 'a serious student of history'; 'a serious attempt to learn to ski'; 'gave me a serious look'; 'a serious young man'; 'are you serious or joking?'; 'Don't be so serious!') WN 'serious-minded' 1. thoughtful, serious-minded - (acting with or showing thought and good sense; 'a sensible young man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sermon :guid "c10ae95b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sermon1n" ; :wordnet "sermon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The event consisting of a ''Preaching'', usually done by a religious leader in front of the participants in a ''ReligiousEvent'' or more commonly a 'ReligousCeremony''.. SUMO: A Lecture that is part of a ''ReligiousCeremony''. ReligiousCeremony Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sermon' in WordNet: 1. (4) sermon, discourse, preaching - (an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Preaching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReligiousOrMoralBelief ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousCeremony ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Serpentine :en "serpentine" ; :enn "serpentine" ; :guid "c0f91f4a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Magnesium ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ FRomWikipedia: The serpentine subgroup (part of the kaolinite-serpentine group) are greenish, brownish, or spotted minerals commonly found in serpentinite rocks. They are used as a source of magnesium and asbestos, and as a decorative stone. The name is thought to come from the greenish color being that of a serpent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :Servant :ldoce "servant" ; :wnsense "servant1n" ; :wordnet "servant" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An employee of an individual or household (not a company) whose duties may be varied or specific (e.g. a gardener). A Servant may be full time with one family, or may serve more than one family, part time for each family. A person who is an employee of a service company, and who is not hired directly by the individual(s) served, is not an instance of this type, even if the kind of work performed is identical to that of a domestic servant. NOTE that 'Maid' and 'Servant' are subtypes of 'ServicePosition' and SUMO classifies 'ServicePosition as a 'SkilledOccupation', whereas Cyc and COSMO include certain service positions such as 'Maid' as 'UnskilledWorkers'. The 'Servant' part of the hierarchy is closer to Cyc than to SUMO. A Servant may be skilled, but is not necessarily so; the defining criterion is employment for domestic tasks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'servant' in WordNet: 1. (9) servant, retainer - - (a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :Employee, :ServicePosition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Residence ] . :ServiceEstablishment :guid "bd58e588-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the PhysicalObject that is one local business serving customers who walk in (with or without an appointment), whose primary producr sols is a ''Service'' performed at that location rather than PhysicalObjects that are taken away from the location. The 'dervice'can include providing things such as foodor drink that are consumed at that location. This differs from CYC in not being the organization but the actual physical location. CYC: A specialization of both #$CommercialServiceOrganization and #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients. Each instance of #$ServiceEstablishment is a local, commercial service organization with a single physical location. Notable specializations of #$ServiceEstablishment include #$Restaurant-Organization and #$ShoeRepairShop. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailStore . :ServiceEvent :eng "serving" ; :guid "bd58de46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "serve", "service" ; :wnsense "serve7v", "service1n", "service4n" ; :wordnet "serve", "service" ; a :IntelligentActionType, :ServiceEventType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event (or series of events considered as one) in which one person performs work for the benefit of another agent. This is the broadest sense of 'serve' in COSMO. NOTE: each ''ServiceEvent'' has some 'Monetary Value' which is an instance of ''MoneyMeasure' (quantity of some monetary unit), whether or not a 'Fee'' is actually charged.. This will usually be instantiated by some ''Fee'' (which has subtypes such as ''TaxiFare'') for the service. Whether and how the ''Fee'' is payed (by a ''PaymentEvent'') is not required to be represented for each instance of ''ServiceEvent''. If the ''Fee'' is not known for some instance that one wants to represent the value can be estimate as (hours times pay perhour) or just by the value of '-1' which represents 'unknown' in this context. A gratis service can be represented by a '0 dollars' fee, or by an estimate of it actual worth, even though no payment is demanded.. Cyc A specialization of #$HelpingAnAgent. Each instance of #$ServiceEvent is an event in which one or more agents (related to the event via the predicate #$providerOfService) do something for one or more other agents (related to the event via the predicate #$recipientOfService). A service event may involve maintenance, repair, or refurbishing of some object belonging to the recipient(s) of the service (including care of his/her person), or it may involve gathering or transmitting information, providing advice, entertainment, transportation, etc. to the recipient(s). Service events may or may not be done for payment. Those done for payment are instances of #$ServiceProduct. COSMO note: a ServiceEvent may be performed by a person for that person's own benefit, but actions categorized as 'services' are usually done for a different person. @ToDo: this may change - at present it allows 'Providing' ('furnishing') to be subcategorized as a ServiceEvent. Also, a ServiceEvent may represent an extended period of time, as suggested in the WOrdNet sense 7 of 'serve' (to serve the country); but it can be a brief event, as when a waiter serves people in a restaurant (this 'serve' is a separate sense in WordNet). COSMO IMPORTANT NOTE: Some things called 'services' are actually rights. For example, when one buys internet access, one is buying the right to use the IP's computers and communications lines - even if they are never used. Such a purchase of rights may be called a service, but only the actual service event - in this case, the event of using an internet connection - is classified here as a 'service'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'service' and includes sense 7 of 'serve' in WordNet: WN 'service': 1. (598) service - (work done by one person or group that benefits another; 'budget separately for goods and services') 4. (194) service - (an act of help or assistance; 'he did them a service') WN verb 'serve': 7. (19) serve - - (devote (part of) one's life or efforts to, as of countries, institutions, or ideas; 'She served the art of music'; 'He served the church'; 'serve the country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Artifact-Generic, :HelpingAnAgent, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyType ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :ServiceEventType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of 'ServiceEvent' as one of their arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentActionType, :ValuableThingType . :ServiceFacility :ldoce "station" ; :wnsense "station1n" ; :wordnet "station" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ServiceFacility' is a Facility that has some kind of equipment or buildings that performs some service, as opposed to a manufacturing facility. 'Stations' that are transportation stopping points such as 'train station' or 'bus station' would *not* be subtypes - See 'TransportFacility' and its subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'station' in WordNet: 1. (23) station - (a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose; 'he started looking for a gas station'; 'the train pulled into the station') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :GeographicalThing . :ServiceFrequency a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'FrequencyAttributeValue' is a 'FrequencyAttributeValue'for which the **Event** is a ServiceEvent. This inherits the required restrictions on 'hasFrequency' and 'hasEventType' to specify the Event and frequency that provide the meaning to this AttributeValue. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrequencyAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :ServiceEventType ] . :ServiceOrganization :guid "bd58b11a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$ServiceOrganization is an organization whose main function is to provide some service or services (as opposed, e.g., to mainly selling goods or manufacturing products). A service organization might or might not be a subsidiary or department in some larger organization; it might or might not be a for-profit organization (for-profit service organizations are instances of the subcollection #$CommercialServiceOrganization). Notable specializations of #$ServiceOrganization include #$MedicalCareOrganization, #$ShippingOrganization, and #$Restaurant-Organization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization . :ServicePosition a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Position which involves working in some job other than manufacturing or construction or as a ''ProfessionalPerson''), e.g. as a waiter or servant, desk worker, ''DeliveryPerson'', private eye, either for an Organization (e.g. a restaurant) or for a private person or family. For 'Professionsl' workers (doctor, lawyer, government official, etc) see ''ProfessionalPerson'' and its subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation . :ServiceProvider a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ServiceProvider' is an Agent (individual or Organization) that provides some service to another Agent, whether or not in return for payment. In some cases, the service provided may be pursuant to a contractual agreement (explicit or implied), in which case the ServiceProvider would also be a 'PartyToAnAgreement', but for generality and to include less formal cases, this type is a direct subclass of the more general 'PartyInRole'. Common ServiceProviders would include health service providers (doctors, nurses, etc.), common carriers (airlines, train lines, buse lines), or local contractors for domestic services (electricians, plumbers, gardeners), volunteers in charitable or social organizations, or even individual providing a service pro bono, as well as many other types. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartyInRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ] . :ServiceStation :guid "bd58a012-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "service station1n" ; :wordnet "service station" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a generic 'ServiceStation', a retail establishment that performs some form of 'service' on-site. This can be sused for a facility that services or repairs autoibiles or other motor vehicles. . The 'service station' that sells gasoline (whether or not it also repairs automobiles) is represented by subtype ''GasolineStation'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'service station' in WordNet: 1. service station - (a station where service is provided) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialFacility, :PlaceOfBusiness, :RetailStore, :ServiceFacility . :ServiceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'ServiceType' is a type that represents a service that some perosn performs for another, often for pay. A Service does not have to be performed for pay every time, but must be performed for pay in some cases.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :ServicingaFemaleAnimal :wnsense "serve14v", "service3v" ; :wordnet "serve", "service" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ServicingaFemaleAnimal'' is a perfomred by a ''MaleAnimal'' as part of a ''Breeding'' operation. This is not for mating of wild animals. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'service' in WordNet: 3. serve, service - (mate with; 'male animals serve the females for breeding purposes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualCopulation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :MaleAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breeding ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Servile :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Person ; :wnsense "servile1adj", "submissive1adj" ; :wordnet "servile", "submissive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Servile'' is a subtype of ''Insincere'' for ''Person''s or their ''Actions'' that are intended to make the Person addressed to feel favorably toward the person doing the Action, by demonsstrating a willingess to do what the Person addressed wants done. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'servile' and sense 1 of 'submissive' in Wordnet: 1. servile - (submissive or fawning in attitude or behavior; 'spoke in a servile tone'; 'the incurably servile housekeeper'; 'servile tasks such as floor scrubbing and barn work') WN adjective 'submissive': 1. (4) submissive - (inclined or willing to submit to orders or wishes of others or showing such inclination; 'submissive servants'; 'a submissive reply'; 'replacing troublemakers with more submissive people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insincere . :ServingChickenParmDinnerDC20080523 :isaComponentElementOf :CookingForCassidyDinner20080523 ; :wasPerformedByAgent :DianeCassidy ; a :PuttingFoodOnaPlate . :ServingFoodOrDrink :en "plying with food and drink" ; :eng "providing" ; :guid "bd58ae4c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cater1v", "ply1v", "provide2v", "supply3v" ; :wordnet "cater", "ply", "provide", "supply" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which one Agent (usually a Person) brings food or drink to some animal so that the animal can eat or drink it. This may be done for humans or beasts, for pay, as at a restaurant, or without pay, as at a family dinner, or at a party. The direct nursing or feeding of infants as with bottles or nursing is not included in this type, which should be used only for cases where the animal is old enough to grasp and eat or drink the food by its own actions. NOTE: this includes serving drinks, even if that is the only 'serving' function that a Person provides, as in the subtype ''TendingBar''. NOTE2: This is not for a ''Caterer'' who performs ''CommercialCatering' that includes the act of bringing the food to the location where it is served, even though the food may be set out by the caterer. NOTE: the CYC parent 'CarryingWhileLocomoting' seems to require that the 'serving' involve walking from place to place,but this type has ''TendingBar' as a subtype, and that does not absolutely require walking, just moving drinks around the bar. CYC: A specialization of both #$GivingSomething and #$ServiceEvent. Each instance of #$ServingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an item of food or drink is served. Each such event involves the server picking up the food or drink from a preparation or pickup area, carrying it (cf. the scene #$CarryingWhileLocomoting) and ends when the food or drink is deposited at a location where those being served may eat or drink it (cf. the scene #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere). Such events are typically part of the job of any restaurant server who waits on tables (cf. #$WaitPerson), and they may also be performed by a host or servant at a dinner party or banquet, or by a family member at a home meal. Note that events in which a serving of food is placed from a common dish onto a diner's plate are not instances of #$ServingFoodOrDrink. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'ply' in WordNet: 1. (1) provide, supply, ply, cater - (provide what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance; 'The hostess provided lunch for all the guests') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeedingAnOrganism, :Providing, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, :TransferOfControl . :ServingSpoon :en "serving spoon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ServingSpoon'' is a ''ServingUtensil'' that is a large spoon, or shaped like a large ''Spoon''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServingUtensil, :Spoon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ServingFoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :ServingUtensil :guid "beeaa06c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "server4n" ; :wordnet "server" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ServingUtensil'' is a ''FoodUtensil'' used to serve food - to place food on a plate or in a bowl, rather than to directly eat the food. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'server' in WordNet: 4. server - (utensil used in serving food or drink) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodUtensil, :Tableware, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ServingFoodOrDrink ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :ServingVessel :guid "bd58ce0f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Containers that hold food for serving - typically used in Western family-style meals, they hold several servings of a food and are usually placed on the table during the meal. NOTE: these can be flat like a plate or dish, or bowl-shaped. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodVessel, :NonPoweredDevice . :ServingaLegalDocument :wnsense "process6v", "serve1v", "swear out1v" ; :wordnet "process", "serve", "swear out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ServingaLegalDocument'' is the act of ''Delivering'' a Legal document of some kind. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'serve' in WordNet: 11. (3) serve, process, swear out - (deliver a warrant or summons to someone; 'He was processed by the sheriff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Delivering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalDocument ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Court-Judicial ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :ServingaSubpoena :wnsense "subpoena1v" ; :wordnet "subpoena" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ServingaSubpoena'' is a ''Summoning'' performed by a Court to require a Person to appear, and in some cases, to bring specified document(s) (a 'subpoena duces tecum'). This type includes both the 'issuing' or production of the subpoena, as well as the delivery to the subpoenaed Person. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'subpoena' in WordNet: 1. (1) subpoena - (serve or summon with a subpoena; 'The witness and her records were subpoenaed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServingaLegalDocument, :Summoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Subpoena ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ] . :Sessile :isAnAttributeValueOf :Sponge ; :wnsense "attached4adj", "sessile1adj" ; :wordnet "attached", "sessile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sessile' in Wordnet: 1. sessile, attached - (permanently attached to a substrate; not free to move about; \"an attached oyster\"; \"sessile marine animals and plants\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Session :wnsense "session1n" ; :wordnet "session" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Session'' is a subtype of a ''PeriodicEvent' during which people gather regularly for any of various purposes at intervals of fixed or variable time. Examples are school sessions or organization meetings. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'session' in WordNet: 1. (13) session - (a meeting for execution of a group's functions; 'it was the opening session of the legislature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event-Organized, :Meeting, :PeriodicEvent, :SocialGathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ] . :Set :isAnAttributeValueOf :Device ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SettingaDeviceState ; :wnsense "set6adj" ; :wordnet "set" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Set'' is the attribute of a Device that has been adjusted by a ''SettingaDeviceState'' Action. Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 6 of 'set' in Wordnet: 6. determined, dictated, set - (determined or decided upon as by an authority; 'date and place are already determined'; 'the dictated terms of surrender'; 'the time set for the launching') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SetMathematical :ldoce "set" ; :wnsense "set2n" ; :wordnet "set" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: a mathematical 'set', the subject of Set Theory. This is not a COSMO 'Group', as Sets have different characteristics from COSMO Groups. Among other things, there is no Group with zero members in it, whereas the empty set {} is a subset of every SetMathematical. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'set' in WordNet: 2. (15) set - ((mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols; 'the set of prime numbers is infinite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SetOrType . :SetOfObjects :ldoce "set" ; :wnsense "set1n" ; :wordnet "set" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SetOfObjects' is a GroupOfObjects that are used together for some function, and have some natural or conventional grouping rule so that a 'complete' set can be distinguished from a set that is incomplete. A deck of cards is one example, or a set of books of a particular type, such as Shakespeare's works. ' a full set of teeth'. A SetOfObjects may or may not be complete, so one can refer to a SetOfObjects that is missing some pieces that would be expected in a complete set. For example, a set of US coins may not include examples of every coin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'set' in WordNet: 1. (24) set - (a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used; a set of books; a set of golf clubs; a set of teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup . :SetOfSlides :en "set of slides", "slides" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SetOfSlides'' is a LinearlyOrdered related Group of ''LanternSlide''s that are organized to be used in a ''Presentation' (formal or informal). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :ObjectGroup, :VisualAid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Presentation ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LanternSlide ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SetOfSpokes :en "set of spokes", "spokes" ; :ennp "set of spokes", "spokes" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SetOfSpokes'' is the Group of ''Spoke''s on a single ''Wheel''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WheelRim ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hub ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wheel ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :SetOfTeeth :ldoce "teeth" ; :wnsense "teeth1n" ; :wordnet "teeth" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SetOfTeeth' is the full set of teeth that some Animal has in its head, at any given time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teeth' in WordNet: 1. (1) dentition, teeth - (the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SetOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Tooth ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SetOrClass a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SetOrType . :SetOrType a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: SetOrType is the union of mathematical Sets and intentionally defined Types; 'Type' has a number of synonyms used in different ontologies - in OWL, it is an owl:Class. The 'equivalentClass' definition of this type includes several of these terms. As of rev923 these collections of things have not been axiomatized. Other labels: SetOrCollection[Cyc] SetOrClass[SUMO] 'Type' in COSMO is used to refer to those intensionally-defined groupings called: Class in Ontolingua and Protege; Class in RDF and OWL; Class in SUMO; Collection in OpenCyc; Universal in DOLCE; Property in Ontology Works' IODE system * The Class 'Type' in COSMO is intended to be equivalent to the classes by those names in those other ontologies. * (isaSubtypeOf A B) means that Type A is a subtype of Type B and that all instance of Type A are also instances of Type B.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SetMathematical :SetOrClass :Sort ) ] . :Setback :wnsense "black eye3n", "blow3n", "reversal1n", "reverse3n", "setback1n" ; :wordnet "black eye", "blow", "reversal", "reverse", "setback" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Setback'' includes all Events that hinder or stop an ongoing ''PlannedAction''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'setback' in WordNet: 1. (3) reverse, reversal, setback, blow, black eye - (an unfortunate happening that hinders or impedes; something that is thwarting or frustrating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadLuckEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unexpected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlannedAction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoppingEvent ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Setting :wnsense "scene9n", "setting1n" ; :wordnet "scene", "setting" ; a :ContextType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Setting'' is an ''Environment-Generic'', a ''Place'' that includes the type of area and the Objects in that Place, providing a ''Context'' that imparts some properties to the things that occur there or induces certain Feelings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'setting' in WordNet: 1. (7) setting, scene - (the context and environment in which something is set; 'the perfect setting for a ghost story') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :Environment-Generic . :SettingSomethingDown :ldoce "place", "put", "set" ; :wnsense "lay1v", "place1v", "pose5v", "position2v", "put1v", "set1v" ; :wordnet "lay", "place", "pose", "position", "put", "set" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SettingSomethingDown' is a 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere' in which something is 'put' into some position or situation. This can be more abstract than moving ''PhysicalObject''s but includes PhysicalObjects as the subtype ''PuttingSomethingDown'' 'laying' something down horizontally is the subtype ''LayingSomethingHorizontally''. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'set', sense 1 of 'put' and sense 1 of 'place' in WordNet (setting a PhysicalObject down): in WordNet: 1. (30) put, set, place, pose, position, lay - (put into a certain place or abstract location; 'Put your things here'; 'Set the tray down'; 'Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children'; 'Place emphasis on a certain point') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere . :SettingSomethingOnFire :guid "bd588da9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "burn" ; :wnsense "burn1v", "burn5v", "burn7v", "conflagrate1v", "enkindle1v", "firing3n", "ignite1v", "ignition3n", "inflame3v", "inflammation4n", "kindle2v", "kindling2n", "light4v", "lighting4n" ; :wordnet "burn", "conflagrate", "enkindle", "firing", "ignite", "ignition", "inflame", "inflammation", "kindle", "kindling", "light", "lighting" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action in which a Person intentionally causes something combustible to start to burn. This is very broad, and can be used for bonfires, arson, burning candles, burning incense, anything. This is for the transitive senses of 'burn' - to cause to combust. NOTE that For the intransitive sense of something beginning to burn use ''\"Ignition'' For the intransitive sense of something burning, use 'Combustion'. Includes verb senses 1, 5, and 7 of 'burn' in WordNet: 1. (11) burn, fire, burn down - (destroy by fire; 'They burned the house and his diaries') 5. (2) burn, combust - (cause to burn or combust; 'The sun burned off the fog'; 'We combust coal and other fossil fuels') 7. (2) burn, incinerate - (cause to undergo combustion; 'burn garbage'; 'The car burns only Diesel oil') WN noun 'ignition': 3. ignition, firing, lighting, kindling, inflammation - (the act of setting something on fire) WN verb 'kindle: 2. kindle, enkindle, conflagrate, inflame - (cause to start burning; 'The setting sun kindled the sky with oranges and reds') WN verb 'ignite': 1. (2) ignite, light - (cause to start burning; subject to fire or great heat; 'Great heat can ignite almost any dry matter'; 'Light a cigarette') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combustion ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :SettingaDeviceState :wnsense "set8v" ; :wordnet "set" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SettingaDeviceState'' is any of a broad variety of ''Modification' Actions in which some ''Device'' that can have different 'states' of functionality is modified to be in some one of those possible states. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'set' in WordNet: 8. (5) set - (set to a certain position or cause to operate correctly; 'set clocks or instruments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, :RegulatingaValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Set ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Settled :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :HavingPeopleInside ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unsettled ; :wnsense "settled3adj" ; :wordnet "settled" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Settled'' is an attribute of geographical areas that have some living people. This is not just having people,but having people with permanent residences who have recently come from some other place. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'settled' ''colonized'' is a different type) in Wordnet: 3. (1) colonized, colonised, settled - (inhabited by colonists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Populated . :Settler :wnsense "colonist1n", "settler1n" ; :wordnet "colonist", "settler" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: 'colonist' has been broken out of the WN synset as subtype ''Colonist''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'settler' in WordNet: 1. (10) settler, colonist - (a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Migrant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarlySettlement ; owl:onProperty :residesIn ] . :SettlingInaPosition :ldoce "settle" ; :wnsense "settle1v" ; :wordnet "settle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SettlingInaPosition' is a 'HaltingEvent' in which some Object or Objects in motion come to rest under gravitational force on some surface. This is for motion of inanimate objects that were moving under the influence of gravity. Examples are the settling of dust on a table, the settling of suspended particles in a liquid, the coming to rest of some rolling object on a surface (e.g. a golf ball on a green, a billiard ball on a billiard table. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'settle' in WordNet: 1. (17) settle, settle down - - (settle into a position, usually on a surface or ground; 'dust settled on the roofs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HaltingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :MotionDownward ] . :SettlingaDispute :ldoce "settle" ; :wnsense "adjudicate1v", "closure4n", "conciliate2v", "decide2v", "determine7v", "make up8v", "patch up2v", "rapprochement1n", "reconcile3v", "reconciliation1n", "resolution5n", "resolve1v", "settle3v", "settle5v", "settlement5n", "square off1v", "square up3v" ; :wordnet "adjudicate", "closure", "conciliate", "decide", "determine", "make up", "patch up", "rapprochement", "reconcile", "reconciliation", "resolution", "resolve", "settle", "settlement", "square off", "square up" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SettlingaDispute' is an 'EndingOfAnEvent' in which some ''DisagreementEvent'' (which may be a ''DisputeEvent'') comes to an end; the ending may be caused by the parties coming to an agreement, or by some external agent, such as a judge deciding a legal case or arbitrator deciding an issue - or it can be ended by some force applied by or to the disputing parties. NOTE: 'reconciliation' might be broken out as a subtype?? Includes to verb senses 3, and 5 of 'settle' in WordNet: 3. (8) settle, square off, square up, determine - - (settle conclusively; come to terms; 'We finally settled the argument') 5. (5) reconcile, patch up, make up, conciliate, settle - (come to terms; 'After some discussion we finally made up') WN noun 'settlement': 5. (1) settlement, resolution, closure - (something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making; 'the finally reached a settlement with the union'; 'they never did achieve a final resolution of their differences'; 'he needed to grieve before he could achieve a sense of closure') WN noun 'reconciliation': 1. reconciliation, rapprochement - (the reestablishing of cordial relations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgreeingEvent, :EndingOfAnEvent, :ResolvingAnIssue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :DisputeEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisagreementEvent ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisagreementEvent ; owl:onProperty :terminatesState ] . :SettlingaPlace :wnsense "locate4v", "settle21v", "settle4v", "settle9v" ; :wordnet "locate", "settle" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SettlingaPlace'' is the Action of a ''Settler'' who leaves a former residence and makes a new residence in a location that is far from the previous home and is sparsely inhabited or uninhabited, without a formal national government. Includes verb senses 4, 9, and 21 of 'settle' in WordNet: 4. (7) settle, locate - (take up residence and become established; 'The immigrants settled in the Midwest') 9. (2) settle - (establish or develop as a residence; 'He settled the farm 200 years ago'; 'This land was settled by Germans') 21. settle - (form a community; 'The Swedes settled in Minnesota') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfResidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Settler ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Setup :wnsense "setup2n" ; :wordnet "setup" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Setup'' is a 'Manner' in which something is used, or Actions are performed, including the way that Devices are aranged to perfore their function(s), especially in some specific location or organization, where that may differ from other locations. This is broadly interpeted, and represented as an ''AttributeType''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'setup' in WordNet: 2. (1) setup - (the way something is organized or arranged; 'it takes time to learn the setup around here') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manner . :Seven-Year-Old :en "year-old" ; :enadj "year-old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Seven-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are seven years old, i.e. were created or born seven years in the past. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SevenYearOldChild :en "seven year old" ; :enn "seven year old" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SevenYears ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :SevenYears :hasQuantifier :N_7 ; a :TimeDuration-Years ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration-Years' with a value of 7 years. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :Sevenfold :wnsense "septuple1adj", "seven-fold1adj", "sevenfold1adj" ; :wordnet "septuple", "seven-fold", "sevenfold" ; a :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sevenfold' in Wordnet: 1. septuple, sevenfold, seven-fold - (having seven units or components) """ . :SeventeenYears :hasQuantifier :N_17 ; a :TimeDuration-Years ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration-Years' with a value of 17 years. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :Seventeenth :en "17th" ; :hasNumericalAbbreviation "17th" ; :hasOrderNumber "17"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "seventeenth1adj" ; :wordnet "seventeenth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The thirteenth element in a series. Corresponds to adj sense 1 of 'seventeenth' in WordNet: 1. (3) seventeenth, 17th - (coming next after the sixteenth in position) """ . :Seventh :hasNumericalAbbreviation "7th" ; :hasOrderNumber "7"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "seventh" ; :wnsense "seventh1adj" ; :wordnet "seventh" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seventh' in WordNet: 1. (4) seventh, 7th - (coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position) """ . :SeventhInningStretch :en "seventh inning stretch", "seventh-inning stretch" ; :enn "seventh inning stretch", "seventh-inning stretch" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SeventhInningStretch'' is an ''Intermission'' in the middle of the Seventh Inning of a BaseballGame, lasting several minutes. No WN sense. RHW 'seventh-inning stretch' 1. Baseball. a point in the game when spectators rise from their seats to relax by stretching their legs, usually after six and one-half innings. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intermission, :MeasurableTimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :Seventy :hasCardinalityNumber "70"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "70"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "seventy1adj" ; :wordnet "seventy" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''Seventy'' takes a type and returns a Group containing seventy instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seventy' in WordNet: 1. (1) seventy, 70, lxx - (being ten more than sixty) """ . :SeventyEight :hasCardinalityNumber "78"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "78"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "781n", "lxxviii1n", "seventy-eight1n" ; :wordnet "78", "lxxviii", "seventy-eight" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SeventyEight'' takes a type and returns a Group containing seventy eight instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seventy-eight' in WordNet: 1. seventy-eight, 78, lxxviii - (being eight more than seventy) """ . :SeventyFive :hasCardinalityNumber "75"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "75"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "751n", "lxxv1n", "seventy-five1n" ; :wordnet "75", "lxxv", "seventy-five" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SeventyFive'' takes a type and returns a Group containing seventy five instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seventy-five' in WordNet: 1. seventy-five, 75, lxxv - (being five more than seventy) """ . :SeventyFour :hasCardinalityNumber "74"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "74"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "741n", "lxxiv1n", "seventy-four1n" ; :wordnet "74", "lxxiv", "seventy-four" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SeventyFour'' takes a type and returns a Group containing seventy four instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seventy-four' in WordNet: 1. seventy-four, 74, lxxiv - (being four more than seventy) """ . :SeventyNine :hasCardinalityNumber "79"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "79"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "791n", "ilxxx", "seventy-nine1n" ; :wordnet "79", "ilxxx", "seventy-nine" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SeventyNine'' takes a type and returns a Group containing seventy nine instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seventy-nine' in WordNet: 1. seventy-nine, 79, ilxxx - (being nine more than seventy) """ . :SeventyOne :hasCardinalityNumber "71"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "71"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "711n", "lxxi1n", "seventy-one1n" ; :wordnet "71", "lxxi", "seventy-one" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SeventyOne'' takes a type and returns a Group containing seventy one instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seventy-one' in WordNet: 1. seventy-one, 71, lxxi - (being one more than seventy) """ . :SeventySeven :hasCardinalityNumber "77"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "77"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "771n", "lxxvii1n", "seventy-seven1n" ; :wordnet "77", "lxxvii", "seventy-seven" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SeventySeven'' takes a type and returns a Group containing seventy seven instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seventy-seven' in WordNet: 1. seventy-seven, 77, lxxvii - (being seven more than seventy) """ . :SeventySix :hasCardinalityNumber "76"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "76"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "761n", "lxxvi1n", "seventy-six1n" ; :wordnet "76", "lxxvi", "seventy-six" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SeventySix'' takes a type and returns a Group containing seventy six instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seventy-six' in WordNet: 1. seventy-six, 76, lxxvi - (being six more than seventy) """ . :SeventyThree :hasCardinalityNumber "73"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "73"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "731n", "lxxiii1n", "seventy-three1n" ; :wordnet "73", "lxxiii", "seventy-three" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SeventyThree'' takes a type and returns a Group containing seventy three instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seventy-three' in WordNet: 1. seventy-three, 73, lxxiii - (being three more than seventy) """ . :SeventyTwo :hasCardinalityNumber "72"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "72"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "721n", "lxxii1n", "seventy-two1n" ; :wordnet "72", "lxxii", "seventy-two" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SeventyTwo'' takes a type and returns a Group containing seventy two instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'seventy-one' in WordNet: 1. seventy-two, 72, lxxii - (being two more than seventy) """ . :Several :en "a couple of" ; :ldoce "few", "several" ; :wnsense "a few1adj", "few1adj", "several3adj" ; :wordnet "a few", "few", "several" ; a :FunctionalAttributeValue, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'Several' is a verbal quantifier that expresses the notion that the cardinality of some Group is more than two but less than 'Many'. For example, three houses would be 'a few houses' NOTE: the noun 'couple' when used in the phrase 'a couple of' may have the same meaning as 'two' (see ''two') - but when used loosely it might refer to more than two if more, usually ;two or three;). This ''Several'' should be used for more than two, as is 'a few'. The quantifier ''ACouple'' can be used for a small number that is less than ''Several''. WN noun 'couple': 1. (242) couple - (a small indefinite number; 'he's coming for a couple of days') Corresponds to sense 3 of 'several and part of adjective sense 1 of 'few' in WordNet (applied to countable things), : in WordNet: WN adjective 'several': 3. several - - ((used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many; 'several letters came in the mail'; 'several people were injured in the accident') WN adjective 'few' 1. (80) few - - (a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by 'a'; a small but indefinite number; 'a few weeks ago'; 'a few more wagons than usual'; 'an invalid's pleasures are few and far between'; 'few roses were still blooming'; 'few women have led troops in battle') WN adjective 'a few' 1. (139) a few, a couple of - (more than one but indefinitely small in number; 'a few roses'; a couple of roses') """ . :Severe :isMoreIntenseThan :Moderate ; :wnsense "severe1adj", "severe6adj", "terrible3adj", "wicked3adj" ; :wordnet "severe", "terrible", "wicked" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Severe' is an AttributeValue that includes being 'Intense' or 'Extreme' as well as being 'VeryBad'. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 6 of 'severe' in WordNet: 1. (8) severe, terrible, wicked - - (intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality; 'severe pain'; 'a severe case of flu'; 'a terrible cough'; 'under wicked fire from the enemy's guns'; 'a wicked cough') 6. severe - - (very bad in degree or extent; 'a severe worldwide depression'; 'the house suffered severe damage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intense, :VeryBad . :Severely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Severe ; :wnsense "badly1adv", "gravely2adv", "seriously2adv", "severely1adv" ; :wordnet "badly", "gravely", "seriously", "severely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Severely'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues (especially perfective verb forms) to create more intensive QualitativeAttributeValues (e.g. 'severely injured', 'seriously deficient'), Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'seriously' in WordNet: 2. (2) badly, severely, gravely, seriously - (to a severe or serious degree; 'fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated'; 'badly injured'; 'a severely impaired heart'; 'is gravely ill'; 'was seriously ill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Severing :wnsense "discerp2v", "lop1v", "sever2v" ; :wordnet "discerp", "lop", "sever" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Severing'' is an Action in which some 'piece' of an object is removed from the whole by a ''CuttingSomething'' Action. This is usually used for the cutting off of some non-arbitrary part that protrudes (a hand, a foot, an ear, a tree limb) but can be an arbitrary part. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sever' in WordNet: 2. (3) discerp, sever, lop - (cut off from a whole; 'His head was severed from his body'; 'The soul discerped from the body') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfAnObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Severity :wnsense "badness2n", "severeness1n", "severity1n" ; :wordnet "badness", "severeness", "severity" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'severity' in WordNet: 1. (2) badness, severity, severeness - (used of the degree of something undesirable e.g. pain or weather) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, :RelativeState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Severe ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Sewage :wnsense "sewage1n", "sewer water1n" ; :wordnet "sewage", "sewer water" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sewage'' is ''Waste'' consisting mostly of Water, usually disposed of by transport through a ''Sewer''. May have solid components as wel as dissolved substances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sewage' in WordNet: 1. (19) sewage, sewerage - (waste matter carried away in sewers or drains) WN noun 'sewer water': 1. effluent, wastewater, sewer water - (water mixed with waste matter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Liquid, :WasteWater . :Sewer :wnsense "sewer1n" ; :wordnet "sewer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sewer'' is a ''FluidConduit'' that is often a ''DrainPipe'' but in undeveloped communities may be open to the air, that drains sewage to a processing plant or to any other outfall (sometimes directly into a river). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sewer' in WordNet: 1. (4) sewer, sewerage, cloaca - (a waste pipe that carries away sewage or surface water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drain, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UndergroundLocation ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sewage ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :Sewing :en "sewing" ; :ldoce "sew", "stitch" ; :wnsense "run up3v", "sew together1v", "sew1v", "stitch1v" ; :wordnet "run up", "sew", "sew together", "stitch" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of stitching pieces of Fabric together by hand or by machine. This is for a single Event of sewing two things together, as it is a subtype of 'Attaching'. The act of making an object by sewing is not included in this type; see 'MakingSomethingBySewing' SUMO: Attaching two pieces of Fabric or one part of a piece of Fabric to another part by means of needle and thread. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sew' and sense 1 of 'stitch' in WordNet: 1. (5) sew, run up, sew together, stitch - - (fasten by sewing; do needlework) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assembling, :Attaching, :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :FashioningSomething, :SingleDoerAction . :SewingByHand :guid "bf4101ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sew", "stitch" ; :wnsense "sew1v", "stitch1v" ; :wordnet "sew", "stitch" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$Sewing that are done strictly by hand. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sew' and sense 1 of 'stitch' in WordNet: 1. (5) sew, run up, sew together, stitch - (fasten by sewing; do needlework) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sewing, :UsingTheHand . :SewingMachine :guid "bd58ae1a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sewing machine1n" ; :wordnet "sewing machine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sewing machine' in WordNet: 1. sewing machine - (a textile machine used as a home appliance for sewing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SewingNeedle ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :SewingNeedle :guid "c130e14d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sewing needle1n" ; :wordnet "sewing needle" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Needles used in instances of #$Sewing, including instances of #$SewingByHand and #$SewingWithASewingMachine. @ToDo: is FasteningObject appropriate? COSMO note: the relation 'isUsedBy (SewingMachine)\" should be applied to the subtype of sewing machine needles [not yet (r881) in COSMO]. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sewing needle' in WordNet: 1. sewing needle - (a needle used in sewing to pull thread through cloth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FasteningTool, :Needle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sewing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Sewn :isAnAttributeValueOf :SheetOfSomeStuff ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Sewing ; :wnsense "sewed1adj", "sewn1adj", "stitched1adj" ; :wordnet "sewed", "sewn", "stitched" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sewn'' is an atribute not only of ClothingItems, but of any kind of ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' that can be penetrated with a needle, including animal skin. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sewn' in Wordnet: 1. sewed, sewn, stitched - (fastened with stitches) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Sex :ldoce "sex" ; :wnsense "gender2n", "sex2n", "sex4n" ; :wordnet "gender", "sex" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Attribute Values that indicate the sex of an Organism. As of rev 599, only MaleSex and FemaleSex. There are two senses of 'sex' in WN that seem applicable to the binary distinction. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 4 of 'sex' and sense 2 of 'gender' in WordNet: 2. (7) sex - - (either of the two categories (male or female) into which most organisms are divided; 'the war between the sexes') WN 'gender': 2. sex, gender, sexuality - (the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles; 'she didn't want to know the sex of the foetus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SexAttribute :ldoce "sex" ; :takesValue :Sex ; :wnsense "sex2n" ; :wordnet "sex" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Attributes that indicate the sex of an Organism. NOTE that 'SexAttribute' is the AttributeType, and the values of that AttributeType are instances or subtypes of 'Sex'. This duplicates ''Gender'' at @mod55 See ''Sex'', instances ''MaleSex'', ''FemaleSex'' ''Gender'' (duplicating 'Sex'')Attr values ''Male'' and ''Female'' ''hasGender'' handles all of these. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sex' in WordNet: 2. (7) sex - (either of the two categories (male or female) into which most organisms are divided; 'the war between the sexes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :SexCodes :containsCode :SEXCODE_F, :SEXCODE_M, :SEXCODE_f, :SEXCODE_m ; a :CodeList ; rdfs:comment """Sex codes refer to the sex of an organism, usually of an animal, though possibly of a plant. This CodeList is part of the ontology, and therefore is specified by the CodingAuthority 'COSMO_WorkingGroup' The 'sex' of an organism is often referred to as 'gender', and the relation between an organism and its sex is specified by the 'hasGender' relation.""" . :SexOrgan :guid "c0edfd68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reproductive organ1n", "sex organ1n" ; :wordnet "reproductive organ", "sex organ" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances of #$SexOrgan are body parts of animals which have an important function in sexual reproduction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sex organ' in WordNet: 1. reproductive organ, sex organ - (any organ involved in sexual reproduction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :Organ . :SexWorker :en "sex worker" ; :guid "be8eafad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$SexWorker is a person whose job involves either engaging in sexual acts with others, or sexually stimulating others (without necessarily engaging in sexual acts with them). Notable specializations of #$SexWorker include #$Prostitute, #$Stripper, and #$PornStar.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Entertainer, :EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualBehavior ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :Sexism :wnsense "sexism1n" ; :wordnet "sexism" ; a :BeliefType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexism' in WordNet: 1. sexism - (discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of the opposite sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bias, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sexist ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ] . :Sexist :en "male chauvinist pig" ; :guid "bebc9034-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "male chauvinist1n", "sexist1n" ; :wordnet "male chauvinist", "sexist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for a male sexist with ow opinions of Women. Female sexist?? 'feminist' has a different meaning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexist' in WordNet: 1. male chauvinist, sexist - (a man with a chauvinistic belief in the inferiority of women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bigot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sexism ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Sexistic :isAnAttributeValueOf :MalePerson, :Sexist ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for men who are sexist toward women. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sexist' in Wordnet: 1. sexist - (discriminatory on the basis of sex (usually said of men's attitude toward women)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bigoted, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sexism ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :Sextant :guid "bd58db5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sextant2n" ; :wordnet "sextant" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A navigation tool to measure the angular distance between distant objects. \" In marine navigation, when a navigator measures the altitude of a celestial body with a marine sextant he has to measure the altitude as an angle of the body above the visible horizon. The altitude thus obtained has to be corrected for instrument and other errors before calculations can be made. \" RHW: 1. an astronomical instrument used to determine latitude and longitude at sea by measuring angular distances, esp. the altitudes of sun, moon, and stars. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sextant' in WordNet: 2. sextant - (a measuring instrument for measuring the angular distance between celestial objects; resembles an octant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingObject, :MeasuringDevice, :NavigationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlaneAngleMeasure ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Latitude ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Longitude ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EyeHole ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Sexual :ldoce "sexual" ; :pertainsTo :SexOrgan, :SexualBehavior ; :wnsense "intimate4adj", "sexual1adj", "sexual2adj", "sexual3adj" ; :wordnet "intimate", "sexual" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sexual' is the attribute of anything that has a close relation to 'SexualBehavior' or sex organs. Includes all 3 adjective senses of 'sexual' in WordNet: 1. (16) sexual - - (of or relating to or characterized by sexuality; 'sexual orientation'; 'sexual distinctions') 2. (1) sexual - - (having or involving sex; 'sexual reproduction'; 'sexual spores') 3. intimate, sexual - - (involved in a sexual relationship; 'the intimate (or sexual) relations between husband and wife'; 'she had been intimate with many men') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SexualAbuse :wnsense "molest1v", "sex crime1n", "sex offense1n", "sexual abuse1n", "sexual assault1n" ; :wordnet "molest", "sex crime", "sex offense", "sexual abuse", "sexual assault" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual abuse' in WordNet: 1. sexual assault, sexual abuse, sex crime, sex offense - (a statutory offense that provides that it is a crime to knowingly cause another person to engage in an unwanted sexual act by force or threat; 'most states have replaced the common law definition of rape with statutes defining sexual assault') WN verb 'molest': 1. (2) molest - (harass or assault sexually; make indecent advances to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crime, :HostileSocialAction, :MistreatingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Repeated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abuser ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SexualAffair :wnsense "affair2n", "affaire1n", "amour1n", "intimacy2n", "involvement4n", "liaison1n" ; :wordnet "affair", "affaire", "amour", "intimacy", "involvement", "liaison" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SexualAffair'' is a ''SexualRelationship'' that is kept secret by the parties participating for any reason - because one is married, or because one or both are in a situation where public knowledge of the relationship would be embarrassing. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'affair' in WordNet: 2. (5) affair, affaire, intimacy, liaison, involvement, amour - (a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualRelationship, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secret ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualCopulation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :SexualArousal :guid "c0c31ee1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sexual arousal1n" ; :wordnet "sexual arousal" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The state of SexualArousal; sexual stirrings or physical readiness for sexual activity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual arousal' in WordNet: 1. (1) sexual arousal - (the arousal of sexual desires in preparation for sexual behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanSexualIntercourse ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erection ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Randy ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :SexualBehavior :wnsense "sex activity1n", "sex1n", "sexual activity1n", "sexual practice1n" ; :wordnet "sex", "sex activity", "sexual activity", "sexual practice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any sexual behavior by animals. 'SexualCopulation' (the specific intercourse act) is a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual practice' in WordNet: 1. sexual activity, sexual practice, sex, sex activity - (activities associated with sexual intercourse; 'they had sex in the back seat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Behavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sexual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SexualCopulation :en "have sex", "make love" ; :guid "bd58cbf2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "mating", "sex" ; :wnsense "carnal knowledge1n", "coition1n", "coitus1n", "copulate1v", "copulation1n", "couple4v", "intercourse2n", "mate1v", "mating1n", "sex act1n", "sex1n", "sexual congress1n", "sexual intercourse1n" ; :wordnet "carnal knowledge", "coition", "coitus", "copulate", "copulation", "couple", "intercourse", "mate", "mating", "sex", "sex act", "sexual congress", "sexual intercourse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is for sexual mating by animals, including people; for human sexual intercourse use subtype ''HumanSexualIntercourse''. The full process of Reproduction in Plants and lower forms are represented in 'SexualReproduction', but the 'mating' component has no representation as of rev821. In the #$BaseKB, this refers to the act of two animals engaged in sexual copulation. See #$HumanActivitiesMt (and related Mts) for assertions about this activity by #$Persons. Includes part (for animals) of noun sense 1 of 'mating', noun sense 1 of 'sex', verb sense 1 of 'mate' and noun sense 2 of 'intercourse' and sense 1 of 'copulation' in WordNet: 1. (2) coupling, mating, pairing, conjugation, union, sexual union - (the act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes; 'the casual couplings of adolescents'; 'the mating of some species occurs only in the spring') WN 'mate' 1. (7) copulate, mate, pair, couple - (make love; 'Birds mate in the Spring') WN 'intercourse' 2. sexual intercourse, intercourse, sex act, copulation, coitus, coition, sexual congress, congress, sexual relation, relation, carnal knowledge - (the act of sexual procreation between a man and a woman; the man's penis is inserted into the woman's vagina and excited until orgasm and ejaculation occur) WN noun 'sex': 1. (14) sexual activity, sexual practice, sex, sex activity - - (activities associated with sexual intercourse; 'they had sex in the back seat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualBehavior, :SexualReproductionEvent, :SocialOccurrence, :Touching, :TwoAgentAction . :SexualDesire :wnsense "concupiscence1n", "eros2n", "physical attraction1n", "sexual desire1n" ; :wordnet "concupiscence", "eros", "physical attraction", "sexual desire" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual desire' in WordNet: WN 'sexual desire': 1. sexual desire, eros, concupiscence, physical attraction - (a desire for sexual intimacy) WN noun 'lust': 1. (1) lecherousness, lust, lustfulness - (a strong sexual desire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appetite, :BodySensation, :Desire . :SexualGratification :en "sexual gratification" ; :guid "c139799e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The states of #$SexualGratification; such a state is ordinarily achieved after an #$UrgeToHaveSex has been satisfied.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, :Satisfaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanSexualIntercourse ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :SexualPerversion :wnsense "perversion2n", "sexual perversion1n" ; :wordnet "perversion", "sexual perversion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'abberant' = 'abnormal' or 'unusual'?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual perversion' in WordNet: 1. perversion, sexual perversion - (an aberrant sexual practice that is preferred to normal intercourse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SexualBehavior . :SexualRelationship :wnsense "sexual relationship1n" ; :wordnet "sexual relationship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SexualRelationship'' is a ''PersonalBond'' (a ''HumanRelationship'') between people (of the same or opposite sex) that maybe brief or long-lasting, involving activities causing sexual pleasure in one or (more usually) both parties. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sexual relationship' in WordNet: 1. (6) sexual relationship - (a relationship involving sexual intimacy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalBond, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualBehavior ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :SexualReproductionEvent :ldoce "breed" ; :wnsense "breed4v", "breeding5n", "conjugation5n", "coupling3n", "mating1n", "pairing1n", "reproduce2v", "reproduction5n", "sexual union1n", "union1n" ; :wordnet "breed", "breeding", "conjugation", "coupling", "mating", "pairing", "reproduce", "reproduction", "sexual union", "union" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any 'BiologicalReproductionEvent' for anials or plants in which either (1) two organisms mate and the female then produces a new organism having genetic material from both parents. or (2) a female's egg is fertilized outside the body (as in some fish) and the fertilized eggs are then able to deveop outside of he female.; or (3) any other process (such as pollination in plants) in which parts of the genomes of two animals or plants of different (usually*) sex are combined to produce a new organism with about half of it genome from the two genetic parents. *(4) borderline case of self-fertilization of some animal??? Included for now. Mostly this excludes binary fission of microbes and sporulation without sexual transfer of material between different animals. More secific subtypes can be created to differentiate these alernatives. The relation 'mayHaveSubEvent' can then be replaced by 'hasSubevents' for the types of sexual Reproduction that always include certain Actions. This is for a single event of reproduction from mating (or fertilization outside the body) to giving birth (or hatching) , and applies to plants as well as animals. For the more specific animal breeding Event, use 'AnimalBreeding'. The general process of *groups* of animals multiplying in number is not included in this sense. Also NOTE that the event of 'mating' is only a *part* of *some* instances os this generic Event type. Corresponds to sense 5 of 'reproduction', verb sense 2 of 'reproduce', verb sense 4 of 'breed' and noun sense 5 of 'breeding' in WordNet: 5. reproduction, procreation, breeding, facts of life - (the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring) WN 'reproduce' 2. (1) reproduce, procreate, multiply - (have offspring or young; 'The deer in our neighborhood reproduce madly'; 'The Catholic Church tells people to procreate, no matter what their economic situation may be') WN 'breed': 4. breed, multiply - (have young (animals); 'pandas rarely breed in captivity') WN noun 'mating': 1. (2) coupling, mating, pairing, conjugation, union, sexual union - (the act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes; 'the casual couplings of adolescents'; 'the mating of some species occurs only in the spring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalReproductionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impregnation ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Sexually :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Female, :Male ; :wnsense "sexually1adv" ; :wordnet "sexually" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sexually'' is the AdverbialModifier that can modify ''Sexuality'' values to indicate that behavior is characteistic of a particular ''Sexuality'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sexually' in WordNet: 1. (4) sexually - (with respect to sexuality; 'sexually ambiguous') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :SexuallyPromiscuous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "easy11adj", "light25adj", "loose16adj", "promiscuous2adj", "sluttish2adj", "wanton2adj" ; :wordnet "easy", "light", "loose", "promiscuous", "sluttish", "wanton" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SexuallyPromiscuous'' Person is one who engages in ''Fornication'' or ''Adultery'' frequently and with multiple different partners, as opposed to one who has such relations with only or mostly one Person in a given time interval. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'promiscuous' in Wordnet: 2. easy, light, loose, promiscuous, sluttish, wanton - (casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior; 'her easy virtue'; 'he was told to avoid loose (or light) women'; 'wanton behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sexy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "hot5adj", "sexy1adj" ; :wordnet "hot", "sexy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sexy'' is a subattribute of ''Appealing'' asserting that the Person who is ''Sexy'' arouses sexual passion in the onlooker. Usually applied to women. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sexy' and part of sense 5 of 'hot' in WordNet: 1. (1) sexy - (marked by or tending to arouse sexual desire or interest; 'feeling sexy'; 'sexy clothes'; 'sexy poses'; 'a sexy book'; 'sexy jokes') WN adjective 'hot': 5. (1) hot - (sexually excited or exciting; 'was hot for her'; 'hot pants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appealing, :Beautiful . :Seychelles :hasISO3166_Digraph "SC" ; :wnsense "Seychelles1n" ; :wordnet "Seychelles" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Seychelles' in WordNet: 1. Seychelles, Republic of Seychelles -- (a republic on the Seychelles islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1976) """ . :Shabby :wnsense "moth-eaten1adj", "ratty2adj", "shabby1adj", "tatty1adj" ; :wordnet "moth-eaten", "ratty", "shabby", "tatty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Shabby\"'' is a property of Objects that are typically still somewhat useful or functional, but have substantial damage to the surface due to use, to the extent that their appearance is unappealing. This applies to structures as well as smaller objects, such as clothing (which is the typical object thus described). Includes senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'shabby' in RHW: 1. impaired by wear, use, etc.; worn: shabby clothes. 2, showing conspicuous signs of wear or neglect: The rooms on the upper floors of the mansion had a rather shabby appearance, as if they had not been much in use of late. 4. run-down, seedy, or dilapidated: a shabby hotel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shabby' in WordNet: 1. (4) moth-eaten, ratty, shabby, tatty - (showing signs of wear and tear; 'a ratty old overcoat'; 'shabby furniture'; 'an old house with dirty windows and tatty curtains') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worn . :Shackle :wnsense "shackle2n" ; :wordnet "shackle" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shackle'' is a ''U-ShapedClasp'' made from a strong ''Bar'' of metal that comes in different sizes and is used as the looped part of a ''Padlock'' that hooks into the receiving hooks of the two objects that the ''Padlock''. fastens together. One end is permanently connected into the ''PadlockBody'', but is on an internal pivot that allows it to swivel around the connected end. When the free end is not locked into the ''PadlockBody'' it can swing freely arund the connected end. The shackle can be locked firmly into place just by pushing the freeable end into the body of the Padlock, and then it requires a key or combination or electronic code to release the freeable end and let it swing freely again so that the lock can be remmoved from the two objects it has fastened together. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shackle' in WordNet: 2. shackle - (a U-shaped bar; the open end can be passed through chain links and closed with a bar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bar, :U-ShapedClasp, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Padlock ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PadlockBody ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToSemiRigidly ] . :ShackleBond :en "shackles" ; :ennp "shackles" ; :wnsense "bond5n", "hamper1n", "shackle1n", "trammel4n" ; :wordnet "bond", "hamper", "shackle", "trammel" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShackleBond'' is a 'PhysicalRestraint' made of a metallic CordlikeObject or a chain or rope, that is used to restrict body motion such as by tying the hands together or tying the legs together, or tying a whole animal to a wall or floor. The term 'shackles' is often used for a pair of restraints that fit around arms or legs, connected by a chain or cord, so the term 'shackles' is included here as a synonym. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shackle' in WordNet: 1. (2) shackle, bond, hamper, trammel - (a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :PhysicalRestraint . :Shade :wnsense "shade1n", "shadiness1n", "shadowiness1n" ; :wordnet "shade", "shadiness", "shadowiness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Shade' is a 'Shadow' (a situation) in an OutdoorLocation on a sunny day where there is less light than in areas that are directly exposed to the sun. For indoor locations where there is an area blocked from light, or for shadow of light from illumination sources other than the sun, use 'Shadow'. Usually the light is blocked by a ''SolidObject'', but may be blocked by clouds, so the 'dueTo' restriction points to a Physical object or type. @ToDo: NOTE that the restrictions do not specify that the shade is on side opposite the sun from the Object causing the shade, so this type needs further description for proper representation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shade' in WordNet: 1. (9) shade, shadiness, shadowiness - (relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body; 'it is much cooler in the shade'; 'there's too much shadiness to take good photographs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeAbsence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SunLight-Direct ; owl:onProperty :hadMissingThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OutdoorLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :ShadeOfColor :ldoce "shade" ; :wnsense "shade2n", "tone5n" ; :wordnet "shade", "tone" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ShadeOfColor'is a variation on some primary color, or some well-known color (such as 'Rose') that is still recognized as belonging to the family of colors that is a subtype of the primary color. In this sense, a 'Shade' of a color, in the COSMO representation, would be a subtype of that color. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shade' in WordNet: 2. (5) shade, tint, tincture, tone - - (a quality of a given color that differs slightly from a primary color; 'after several trials he mixed the shade of pink that she wanted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hue . :Shaded :isTheOppositeOf :Sunlit ; :wnsense "shaded1adj", "shadowed1adj", "shady4adj" ; :wordnet "shaded", "shadowed", "shady" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shaded'' is an attribute of objects that are radiating visible light at a low intensity due to the absence of sunlight caused by objects blocking he sunlight. The opposite of ''Sunlit''. This situation is caused by a ''Shadow'' - see ''Shadow' for the relation 'mayCauseObjectToBecome'. This adjective applies to objects (and areas) that are *currently* shadowed, not to places that *typically* are shadowed in daylight times (as a 'shady lane'). This attribute is caused by an object casting a shadow (or one may say,by the shadow itself) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shaded' and sense 4 of 'shady' in WordNet: 1. (4) shaded - (protected from heat and light with shade or shadow; 'shaded avenues'; 'o'er the shaded billows rushed the night'- Alexander Pope) WN adjective 'shady': 4. shady, shadowed, shadowy, umbrageous - (filled with shade; 'the shady side of the street'; 'the surface of the pond is dark and shadowed'; 'we sat on rocks in a shadowy cove'; 'cool umbrageous woodlands') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Shadow :guid "c100873d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shadow1n" ; :wordnet "shadow" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Shade' is a RelativeAbsence of light (a situation) in some location where there is (1) a source of light and (2) an object that blocks some of that light from directly reaching a region, resulting in a clearly defined darker area withint he illuminated area. For shadows in an OutdoorLocation (blocked sunlight) use 'Shade'. The 'location' of a Shadow will be a region between the Object blocking the light and any object on which the surface illumination is decreased by the blocking Object. The relation 'isDueToThePresenceOf' specifies the Object causing the Shadow. (@ToDo: Perhaps a more specific relation would be useful here??) @ToDo: NOTE that the restrictions do not specify that the shadow is on side opposite the light source from the Object causing the shadow, so this type needs further description for proper representation. Likewise, the relation of the shape of the shadow to the object blocking the light is not represented. For future elaboration. NOTE that in Cyc a Shadow is a region of space, not a situation; this differs significantly from the COSMO representation. Cyc 'Shadow': A region of space having markedly less illumination than the area surrounding it, due to some object intervening between the light source and that region. The shape of a shadow is related systematically to the shape of the object blocking the light source. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shadow' in Wordnet: 1. (17) shadow - (shade within clear boundaries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeAbsence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Light ; owl:onProperty :hadMissingThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCauseObjectToBecome ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shaded ] . :Shaft :guid "bd58e837-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shaft3n" ; :wordnet "shaft" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SolidTangibleArtifact. Each instance of #$Shaft is an artifact that is long, straight, cylindrical, and rigid. Instances of #$Shaft are usually made of wood, metal, or plastic. This ''Shaft'' is an artifact that was dsigned to function by rotating along the long axis. It may be a simple cylinder with simple connectors at the ends, as in a drive shaft, or have vanes attached, as in a ''Turbine''. A ''Shaft'' can be part of a larger object (such as a spear or arrow) but the larger object itself is not included in this type. This is just for the long rigid cylindrical part. The difference between a ''Shaft'' and a ''Rod'' is that a ''Rod'' need not rotate in order to function as designed. This does not include an elevator 'shaft'. subtype of 'Shaft' can include devices intended to function with other components, such as an 'Axle'. Examples: Nail, Axle. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shaft' in Wordnet: 3. (1) shaft - (a long rod or pole (especially the handle of an implement or the body of a weapon like a spear or arrow)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :CylindricalObject, :Device, :LongAndThinThing, :RigidObject, :Rod, :RotatableComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :ShahJahan :en "Shah Jahan" ; :enn "Shah Jahan" ; :hasMassInGrams "60000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :isAssociatedWithAgent :MughalEmpire ; :isEmployedBy :MughalEmpire ; :isInsideOf :TajMahal ; :isTheLeaderOf :MughalEmpire ; a :Emperor-HeadOfState, :Moghul ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that ''ShahJahan'' 'isLocatedAt TajMahal'. A Person's body is considered as the location of the Person after s/he dies. This can be made more specific when necessary. (e.g. in FOL using a function 'CorpseOf'). See ''TajMahal'' - the ''Mausoleum' that he built for his wife. """ . :ShakerDispenser :guid "bd58eaf5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shaker3n" ; :wordnet "shaker" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A container for storing and dispensing granular or powdery stuff (usually foodstuffs), by inverting the container and shaking it. It is used by holding it in one hand while dispensing. Instances of this type are containers with perforations in the top that are somewhat larger than the grain size of the GranularSubstance they are designed to contain, but the openings ('Portals') should not be much larger than the grain size, or it will not require shaking to control the dispensing. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shaker' in WordNet: 3. shaker - (a container in which something can be shaken) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :Dispenser, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InvertAndShakeAction ; owl:onProperty :hasMannerOfUse ] . :Shakespeare :en "the Bard" ; :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :DiedIn1616 ; :isKnowledgeableAbout :Poetry ; :isTheAuthorOf :ShakespearesHamlet, :WhenInDisgrace ; :wnsense "Bard of Avon1n", "Shakespeare1n", "Shakspere1n", "William Shakespeare1n", "William Shakspere1n" ; :wordnet "Bard of Avon", "Shakespeare", "Shakspere", "William Shakespeare", "William Shakspere" ; a :Playwright, :Poet, :ProfessionalAuthor ; rdfs:comment """William Shakespeare, the famous Elizabethan poet and playwright. A mass of 10,000 grams is a guess at the weight of his corpse. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Shakespeare' in Wordnet: 1. (11) Shakespeare, William Shakespeare, Shakspere, William Shakspere, Bard of Avon - (English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)) """ . :ShakespearesHamlet :hasTopic :HamletPrinceOfDenmark ; :isanAbstractRepresentationOf :ToBeOrNotToBe ; :wasAuthoredBy :Shakespeare ; a :PlayScript ; rdfs:comment """Shakespeare's play 'Hamlet'. This is the abstract text of Shakespeare's work, not any particular object on which the text may be written.""" . :ShakingHands :eng "shaking hands" ; :wnsense "handclasp1n", "handshake1n", "handshaking1n", "shake hands1v", "shake4n" ; :wordnet "handclasp", "handshake", "handshaking", "shake", "shake hands" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shake hands' in WordNet: 1. (2) shake hands - (take someone's hands and shake them as a gesture of greeting or congratulation) WN noun 'handshake': 1. handshake, shake, handshaking, handclasp - (grasping and shaking a person's hand (as to acknowledge an introduction or to agree on a contract)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GesturingWithTheHands, :GreetingGesture, :GrippingWithHands, :UsingTheHand . :ShakingMotion :en "shaking" ; :ldoce "shake" ; :wnsense "shake1v", "shake4v" ; :wordnet "shake" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ShakingMotion' is an Event in which a PhysicalObject (or some part of a PhysicalObject) moves back and forth in a linear path, in any direction (up and down, sideways). A 'ShakingMotion' is an ActionSeries, but a single shake will also be an instance of this Event type. The transition from one direction to another must be sufficiently quick to cause liquid or powdered contents of a container to agitate and move around, in order to be a 'ShakingMotion'. A wrist-action shaking motion, in which an object is rotated back and forth about a center of rotation, is also included in this type, as is a swirling motion, in which the bottom part of an object moves in a circular path while the top part stays approximately in the same place, (as when a person swirls a partly-filled jug or a chemist swirls an Erlenmeyer flask). The strictly linear back-and-forth motion is the subtype 'ReciprocatingMotion' (also called 'rectilinear motion'). NOTE that this can be natural,as in an Earthquake or the shaking of a tree branch in a wind. This is the Event solely from the moving object's perspective; the act of causing something to shake is 'ShakingSomething'. NOTE that 'shake' is intermingled with 'rock' and 'sway' in WordNet sense 4, but rocking and swaying have amplitudes that are larger, relative to the object, and frequencies that are lower than a 'shaking' the borderline is not yet defined. NOTE that Wordnet includes both intransitive and transitive senses in one synset, so this corresponds only to the intransitive sense of 'shake', part of the WordNet verb sense 1 of 'shake', and includes part of sense 4 (when the rocking motion is so rapid it is considered as a shaking) of 'shake' in WordNet: 1. (43) shake, agitate - (move or cause to move back and forth; 'The chemist shook the flask vigorously'; 'My hands were shaking') 4. (6) rock, sway, shake - - (move back and forth or sideways; 'the ship was rocking'; 'the tall building swayed'; 'She rocked back and forth on her feet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :MotionInPlace, :Oscillating . :ShakingSomething :ldoce "shake" ; :wnsense "shake1v" ; :wordnet "shake" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ShakingSomething' is an Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject to undergo a ShakingMotion, in any direction (up and down, sideways, wrist-action shaking, swirling). See 'ShakingMotion', the intransitive Event caused by 'ShakingSomething' NOTE that the transitive and intransitive senses have different parent types. NOTE that WordNet includes both intransitive and transitive senses in one synset, so this corresponds only to the transitive sense of 'shake', part of the WordNet verb sense 1 of 'shake': in WordNet: 1. (43) shake, agitate - (move or cause to move back and forth; 'The chemist shook the flask vigorously'; 'My hands were shaking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShakingMotion ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :ShallotBulb :isAnOrganicPartOf :ShallotPlant ; :wnsense "shallot1n" ; :wordnet "shallot" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shallot' in WordNet: 1. shallot - (aggregated bulb of the multiplier onion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bulb-ThePlantPart, :LayeredObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Onions ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShallotPlant ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :ShallotPlant :wnsense "Allium ascalonicum1n", "Allium cepa aggregatum1n", "eschalot1n", "multiplier onion1n", "shallot2n" ; :wordnet "Allium ascalonicum", "Allium cepa aggregatum", "eschalot", "multiplier onion", "shallot" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An individual shallot plants. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shallot' in WordNet: 2. shallot, eschalot, multiplier onion, Allium cepa aggregatum, Allium ascalonicum - (type of onion plant producing small clustered mild-flavored bulbs used as seasoning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OnionPlant . :Shallots :en "shallots" ; :enn "shallots" ; :isDerivedFrom :ShallotBulb ; :wnsense "shallot3n" ; :wordnet "shallot" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shallots'' is the term used in COSMO to represent a foodstuff consisting mostly of a Group of ''ShallotBulb''s or processed ''ShallotBulb''s. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shallot' in WordNet: 3. shallot - (small mild-flavored onion-like or garlic-like clustered bulbs used for seasoning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vegetable-Food . :Shallow :isTheOppositeOf :Deep ; :wnsense "shallow1adj" ; :wordnet "shallow" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shallow'' is an AttributeValue of a BodyOfWater, an ''Indentation'', or other Object that has a higher surface and a lower bottom below the surface; the ''Shallow'' attribute characterizes the the distance from the higher surface to the bottom or from the front to the back, such that that distance is multiple times smaller than the width of the surface. This is a relative term whose meaning depends on the size and type of object that it modifies. For BodyOfWater, a 'shallow' swimming pool will have a depth much less than a 'shallow' lake, and that much less than a 'shallow' ocean. A 'shallow' bowl will have a depth much less than any of those; an ''Indentation'' is stypically in a ''HumanSizedObject'' or smaller, and the absolute distances are smaller than for bodies of water. As a LogicalFunction, this term can take a type of Object and return a subtype of that Object.: (Shallow Lake) - a subtype of 'Lake' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shallow' in WordNet: 1. (6) shallow - (lacking physical depth; having little spatial extension downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or outward from a center; 'shallow water'; 'a shallow dish'; 'a shallow cut'; 'a shallow closet'; 'established a shallow beachhead'; 'hit the ball to shallow left field') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ShallowBodyOfWater a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is a ''BodyOfWater'' that is shallow (less than 5 feet deep); it can be part of a BodyOfWater that has deeper parts (such as a crossing point in a Stream); or, it can be a BodOfWater that is mostly shallow though it does have some deeper parts.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shallow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Shaman :guid "c0afda01-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "priest-doctor1n", "shaman1n" ; :wordnet "priest-doctor", "shaman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shaman'' uses magic to (attempt to) perform healing or divination. This is more specialized than ''WitchDoctor'' in requiring some formal religious belief in the group that accepts this practice. CYC: In #$Shamanism, a person who acts as intermediary between the natural and supernatural worlds, using #$Magic to cure illness, foretell the future, control spiritual forces, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shaman' in WordNet: 1. shaman, priest-doctor - (in societies practicing shamanism: one acting as a medium between the visible and spirit worlds; practices sorcery for healing or divination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousPerson, :WitchDoctor . :Shamanism :guid "beb7ac92-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Asian shamanism1n", "shamanism2n" ; :wordnet "Asian shamanism", "shamanism" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$AnimistReligions of northern Asia and elsewhere that embrace a belief in powerful spirits that can be influenced only by #$Shamans. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shamanism' in WordNet: 2. shamanism, Asian shamanism - (an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animism . :Shame :guid "bd58a2d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shame" ; :wnsense "shame1n" ; :wordnet "shame" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Painful self-conscious feeling of guilt, shortcoming, or impropriety. #$Shame often accompanies social disgrace or disrepute. It often leads to #$Remorse. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shame' in WordNet: 1. (9) shame - - (a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Embarrassment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ashamed ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Shamed :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :StateOfShame ; :isTheOppositeOf :Respected ; :wnsense "shamed2adj" ; :wordnet "shamed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being in a 'StateOfShame'; having others know that one has performed a shameful act. NOTE: it is possible for someone to be in a StateOfShame (having others know of one's shameful deed) without feeling 'Shame'. The AttributeValue of one who feels shame is 'Ashamed'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'shamed' in Wordnet: 2. discredited, disgraced, dishonored, shamed - (suffering shame) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :Shamefaced :isAnAttributeValueOf :Face ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Shame ; :wnsense "shamefaced2adj", "sheepish2adj" ; :wordnet "shamefaced", "sheepish" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Shamefaced' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of A Person and particularly the Face, that suggests the Person is feeling ''Shame''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'shamefaced' in Wordnet: 2. shamefaced, sheepish - (showing a sense of shame) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shame ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling ] . :Shameful :wnsense "black12adj", "disgraceful2adj", "ignominious1adj", "inglorious1adj", "opprobrious2adj", "shameful1adj" ; :wordnet "black", "disgraceful", "ignominious", "inglorious", "opprobrious", "shameful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Shameful' is an AttributeValue of actions which are of a type that are considered as being obviously improper by the community in which they are performed. WordNet has two senses that seem to differ only slightly in the degree of shamefulness, the higher degree (sense 2) being 'scandalous' or 'shocking'. There may be a distinction based on the inherent character of an action and its likelihood of leading to opprobrium, but that is not yet distinguished in COSMO. This AttributeValue includes all senses. in WordNet: 1. (2) black, disgraceful, ignominious, inglorious, opprobrious, shameful - ((used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame; 'Man...has written one of his blackest records as a destroyer on the oceanic islands' - Rachel Carson; 'an ignominious retreat'; 'inglorious defeat'; 'an opprobrious monument to human greed'; 'a shameful display of cowardice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Shampoo :guid "bd58f596-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shampoo1n" ; :wordnet "shampoo" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ToiletrySubstance, #$LiquidTangibleThing, and #$Surfactant. Each instance of this collection is a portion of liquid typically used as a cleanser for hair on the head. (Note that this is shampoo qua #$ExistingStuffType i.e. the liquid only and not shampoo plus its packaging in bottles, etc.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shampoo' in Wordnet: 1. shampoo - (cleansing agent consisting of soaps or detergents used for washing the hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :Mixture, :Surfactant, :ToiletrySubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CleansingHair ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Shape :ldoce "form", "shape" ; :takesValue :ShapeAttribute ; :wnsense "conformation2n", "contour2n", "form4n", "form6n", "shape1n", "shape2n" ; :wordnet "conformation", "contour", "form", "shape" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Shape is an AttributeType that is a kind of Appearance, in which the relationship of points on the surface of the object (including holes) is the predominant characteristic in establishin the type. This is a relatively simple VisualPattern, being the set of spatial relationships of points inside the shape to each other. Most of the character of a Shape comes from the surfaces and edges, but a shape can be more than two-dimensional. For a simple two-dimensional shape that is characterized only by the patterns made by the edges, use 'Silhouette' or 'Outline'. Corresponds to noun senses 4 and 6 of 'form', and senses 1 and 2 of 'shape' in WordNet: 4. (23) shape, form, configuration, contour, conformation - (any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline); 'he could barely make out their shapes') 6. (8) shape, form - (the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance; 'geometry is the mathematical science of shape') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outline ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicPart ] . :ShapeAttribute a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any attribute that specifically describes the shape of an object. There can be very many shape attributes, many of which are perhaps perceptual primitives, including silhouettes that are recognizable as specific objects.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ShapeChange :CYC "ShapeChangeEvent" ; :eng "changing shape", "deforming" ; :guid "be9efcaf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "change form1v", "change of shape1n", "change shape1v", "deform1v" ; :wordnet "change form", "change of shape", "change shape", "deform" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShapeChange'' represents the ''IntransitiveAction'' of some PhysicalObject changing its shape. This is not the transitive Action of ''CausingaShapeChange'', though it may be caused by such an Action,or may be a ''ReflexiveAction'' in which the Agent causing the change is the same as the Object ('patient') of the change, such as in a Person or other animal changing its shape. SUMO: The Process of changing the shape of an Object. Cyc: (ShapeChangeEvent) A specialization of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent (q.v.) whose instances are events involving a physical object's changing shape. A #$ShapeChangeEvent occurs when either (i) the shape of some (usually more or less plastic ) object is changed in a fairly significant way, (ii) an object is created (see #$PhysicalCreationEvent) through a process in which a definite shape is imposed on some material, or (iii) an object is destroyed (see #$PhysicalDestructionEvent) through some process in which its shape is so radically altered that the it can no longer be said to exist. Examples of these three respective cases include flattening an aluminum can with one's foot, fashioning a figure from clay, and steamrolling a birthday cake. Shape changes are usually (though not necessarily always) the result of the shapee's being acted upon by another tangible thing (or things). When a shape change of type (i) or (ii) occurs via the purposeful actions of some agent, the event is a #$ShapingSomething(q.v.). Note that, in most contexts, very gradual changes in an object's shape - such as instances of #$Growth-Physical or #$Erosion - are not #$ShapeChangeEvents. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'change of shape' in WordNet: 1. change of shape - (an action that changes the shape of something) WN verb 'change shape': 1. change shape, change form, deform - (assume a different shape or form) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalChange, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :MovementOrShapeChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :CausingaShapeChange ] . :ShapeChangeTendency a :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This AttributeValue and its subtypes can be used to indicate the expected behaviors of PhysicalObjects under certain conditions. The likelihood of shape change over time varies dramatically as one goes from solid objects to liquid and gaseous ones. The subtypes of this Type will specify how shapes may change for certain Types of objects under certain conditions.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tendency . :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial :guid "bd58f8a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial event, an object's shape changes without any of its parts being removed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deforming, :PhysicalCreationEvent . :ShapeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """ShapeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for shape attributes and an argument restriction for the hasShape relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations. NOTE: as of v0.50, both shape attributes and specifically shaped objects can be instances of ShapeType. @ToDo - this should probably be differentiated. CYC note: CYC has 'ThreeDimensionalShapeType', a subtype of 'GeometricShapeType', not used in COSMO: A collection of collections and a specialization of #$GeometricShapeType (q.v.). Each instance of #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType is a specialization of #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing (q.v.) all of whose own instances have something in common as regards their shape. Instances include the collections #$Cylinder and #$Cube. As of rev 1111 only 'ShapeType' is used as a Type metaclass, and geometric shapes and other distinctively shaped objects are related to objects having those shapes by the relation 'hasTheShapeOfa'. Instances of SphaeType in COSMO are all AttributeValues. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppearanceType, :PatternType . :ShapedObject :en "shaped object" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShapedObject'' is a ''SolidObject'' that has been produced by an intentional ''ShapingSomething'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ShapedThing, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :ShapedThing :guid "c0946b98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An #$ObjectType and a specialization of #$OneOrHigherDimensionalThing (q.v.). Each instance of #$ShapedThing is a spatial object that has some well-defined shape (though what counts as a well-defined shape can vary from context to context); see #$objectShapeType. Specializations of #$ShapedThing include #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing and #$AnimalShapedThing. Contrast with #$AmorphousThing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OneOrHigherDimensionalThing . :ShapingByBeating :wnsense "beat5v" ; :wordnet "beat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShapingByBeating'' is a ''FormingAnArtifact''in which a SolidObject has it shape changed intentionally into a more desirable shape by 'beating' it with a hard hammer-like object. The Object may be bent into any shape, or thinned,such as when a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' (typically malleable) is beaten to make it thinner; saliently, this porcess makes 'gold foil' by beating sheets of ''Gold'' unti they are very thin 'gold leaf' but still reflect golden light, as does a thicker gold object. The resulting gold leaf can be used to coat and gild objects to beautify their appearance. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'beat' in WordNet: 5. (3) beat - (shape by beating; 'beat swords into ploughshares') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FashioningSomething, :FormingAnArtifact, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, :StrikingRepeatedly, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Beaten ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StrikingAnObjectWithaTool ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :ShapingDie a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShapingTool'' is a ''ShapingTool'' used for shaping metals. It can be of various kinds, such as the stamping dies used to produce images on coins, or to form sheets of metal (e.g. object coverings) into useful shapes. or can be used while firmly supported and the material to be shaped passes over or through, such as in 'DrawingIntoaWire' This type includes the dies used for producing threads on screws. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'die' in WordNet: 2. (1) die - (a device used for shaping metal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardwareTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapingMetal ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :ShapingHair a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Performing a ''ShapingSomething'' Action to change the shape of an animal's hair (including non-human animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :HairObject ] . :ShapingMetal :wnsense "metalwork2n", "metalworking1n" ; :wordnet "metalwork", "metalworking" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShapingMetal'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' in which the thing shaped is a ''MetalObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'metalworking' in WordNet: 1. metalworking, metalwork - (the activity of making things out of metal in a skillful manner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalObject ] . :ShapingMetalWithaDie :en "shaping metal with a die" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShapingMetalWithaDie'' is a subtype of ''ShapingMetal'' in which a 'die' is used to shape the metal, such as by stamping or drawing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapingDie ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :ShapingSomething :en "shaping" ; :guid "bd58a872-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "forge6v", "form4v", "form5v", "mold4v", "mould3v", "shape2v", "shape3v", "work20v" ; :wordnet "forge", "form", "mold", "mould", "shape", "work" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShapingSomething'' is any of a broad class of ''ActionOnObject's in which a person or machine modifies a SolidObject (by cutting, molding, bending, folding, or grinding) so as to change the shape of the Object. CYC: A specialization of #$MaterialHandling (q.v.). Each instance of #$ShapingSomething is an event in which something (usually more or less plastic in nature) is given a definite shape, or has its shape changed, through the purposeful actions of an agent that cause a #$ShapeChangeEvent (q.v.). Specializations include #$Carving, #$Sewing, and #$SpreadingOntoSurface. In many (but not all) cases, an instance of #$ShapingSomething is also a #$PhysicalCreationEvent (see e.g. #$MakingPottery). Normally, a #$ShapingSomething concerns the basic, overall shape of the object of change (see #$objectOfStateChange). Thus, a #$PolishingSomething event is not a #$ShapingSomething, as it doesn't affect the basic shape of the object being polished. @mod1453 added 'CausingaShapeChange' Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'shape' in Wordnet: 2. (6) shape, form, work, mold, mould, forge - (make something, usually for a specific function; 'She molded the rice balls carefully'; 'Form cylinders from the dough'; 'shape a figure'; 'Work the metal into a sword') 3. (3) shape, form - (give shape or form to; 'shape the dough'; 'form the young child's character') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :CausingaShapeChange, :FormingAnArtifact, :MaterialHandling, :ProcessingSomething, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :ShapedObject ] . :ShapingTool :wnsense "shaping tool1n" ; :wordnet "shaping tool" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShapingTool'' is an''HardwareTool'' used for to shape solid or semisolid materials. It can be of various kinds, sch as the stamping dies used to produce images on coins, or to form sheets of metal (e.g. object coverings) into useful shapes. or can be used while firmly supported and the material to be shaped passes over or through, such as in 'DrawingIntoaWire' Cutting or grinding devices,though they may be used for shaping are not included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shaping tool' in WordNet: 1. shaping tool - (a tool for shaping metal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardwareTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShapingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Shard :wnsense "fragment2n", "shard1n", "sherd1n" ; :wordnet "fragment", "shard", "sherd" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shard'' is a ''Fragment'' of a brittle object created by a ''BreakingEvent''; this is used especially for pieces of a ''PotteryObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shard' in WordNet: 1. (1) shard, sherd, fragment - (a broken piece of a brittle artifact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fragment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrittleObject ; owl:onProperty :wasaPartOf ] . :Share :ldoce "part", "share" ; :wnsense "part9n", "portion3n", "portion4n", "share2n", "share3n" ; :wordnet "part", "portion", "share" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Share' is a Part of something that has been divided into more than one Part and distributed, allocated, or assigned to some agent. The Share may be something owed or due on the basis of an Agreement or Rule (someone's 'fair share') or may be arbitrarily assigned by the agent doing the distributing. This is the most general sense of 'share'; valuable assets such as money could be part of a more specific sense of 'share'. For 'share' in the sense of share of stock or share of some other tradable security, use 'ShareOfSock'. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 3 of 'share' and senses 3 and 4 of 'portion' and noun sense 9 of 'part' in WordNet: 2. (152) share, portion, part, percentage - (assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group; 'he wanted his share in cash') 3. (117) parcel, portion, share - (the allotment of some amount by dividing something; 'death gets more than its share of attention from theologians') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part . :ShareOfStock :ldoce "share" ; :wnsense "share1n", "stock certificate1n", "stock11n" ; :wordnet "share", "stock", "stock certificate" ; a :RightType, :RoleType, :StockType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FinancialAsset' that is one 'share' in the ownership of a Corporation, MutualFund, or limited partnership. At any given time it has a value in some currency. There may be several classes of shares in a given corporation, with different rights, and the shares may be privately held or publicly traded. This is also a subtype of 'MoneyObject'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'share' in WordNet: 1. (363) share - (any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate; 'he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price') WN noun 'stock': 11. (5) stock certificate, stock - (a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation; 'the value of his stocks doubled during the past year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialSecurity, :Share, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shareholder ] . :Shared :en "in common" ; :wnsense "common3adj", "mutual1adj", "shared1adj" ; :wordnet "common", "mutual", "shared" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - objects or interests - that have a similar relationship to more than one person. shared values, shared interests, shared beliefs, shared loyalties. Synonym is 'common', but that term in COSMO is used to mean 'ordinary, everyday'. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'shared' and sense 1 of 'mutual' in Wordnet: 1. (4) shared - (have in common; held or experienced in common; 'two shared valence electrons forming a bond between adjacent nuclei'; 'a shared interest in philately') WN adjective 'mutual': 1. (3) common, mutual - (common to or shared by two or more parties; 'a common friend'; 'the mutual interests of management and labor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Shareholder :wnsense "shareholder1n", "shareowner1n", "stockholder1n" ; :wordnet "shareholder", "shareowner", "stockholder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shareholder'' is an ''Investor'' who buys at least one 'share' of a publicly owned company. ToDo: subtype of 'capitalist'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shareholder' in WordNet: 1. stockholder, shareholder, shareowner - (someone who holds shares of stock in a corporation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Investor, :PartyInRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShareOfStock ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :owns ] . :Sharing :en "sharing" ; :guid "bd5909af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "share" ; :wnsense "share3v", "share4v" ; :wordnet "share" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Sharing is an Event in which a PhysicalObject or a Right to use a PhysicalObject is shared with another by a transfer of that object or right from one agent to another. (This is not the static notion of things sharing something like a property in common). This requires that the person who transfers the object or right has some part of his/her own rights reduced - either the object is no longer available as often, or the Right is no longer available as conveniently. To 'share' information does not reduce the owner's rights, and is not a 'sharing' in this sense. To share access to something accessible by many (e.g. a web site) is a borderline case that is *not* an instance of sharing in this sense (it is a 'MakingSomethingAvailable'.), even though in theory the original owner may be delayed in access if others are accessing at the same time. Sharing one's apartment with another is a clear instance of 'Sharing'. Lending an Object is also a subtype of Sharing. The thing 'shared' can be pointed to by the relation ''hadthingAffected''. That relation is very general and if this type is used frequently, it may be best to create a more specific @subProperty. Cyc: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$MakingSomethingAvailable (among other supercollections). In an instance of #$Sharing, one #$Agent receives #$PrimaryRoleUseRights over an object for a limited time from another #$Agent, who doesn't give up his or her own right to use it, too (but does give up exclusive right to it). Cf. #$BorrowingSomething. SUMO: The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where a properPart of the patient is given by the agent or the destination. Includes sense 4 and part of sense 3 of verb 'share' in Wordnet: 3. (15) partake, share, partake in - (have, give, or receive a share of; 'We shared the cake') 4. (4) share, divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal - (give out as one's portion or share) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfPossession, :GainingUserRights, :MakingSomethingAvailable, :TemporaryChangeOfUserRights . :SharingaBedroom :en "room together", "share a bedroom" ; :eng "rooming together", "sharing a bedroom" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SharingaBedroom''' is the ''PersistentState'' in which two or more people usually or frequently sleep in the same room, whether in the same or different beds, and whether engaged in a sexual relation or not. This is not for single-night ''sleepovers'. The notion of double up' could be a subtype, double up -- (share a room or a bed designed for only one person) Linguistically when one uses 'rooms together with' or 'shares a room with', or 'live together with', and the subject and object(s) of that phrase form the ''GroupOfPeople'' that performs this Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cohabitation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bedroom ; owl:onProperty :hasThingShared ] . :SharingaResource :wnsense "share2v" ; :wordnet "share" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SharingaResource'' is a ''PersistentState'' in which two or more people 'share' posession or use of some ''Resource''. This may be the result of a ''Sharing'' Event in which some agent in possession of something gives it on a temporary basis to another, while retining ownership or control, or it can be a state initiated by more than one agent agreeing to possess or use something in common. The latter may occur in situations such as workplaces where equipment is available for the use of any of the workers who need it, or in situations where two or more people live in or otherwise use come space in a building or other location. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'share' in WordNet: 2. (19) share - (use jointly or in common) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingSomethingInCommon, :PersistentState, :UsingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Shark :guid "c0fd66a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shark1n" ; :wordnet "shark" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shark' in WordNet: 1. (1) shark - (any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CartilaginousFish, :MarineOrganism, :Predator . :Shark-Hammerhead :guid "c1327e03-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hammerhead shark1n", "hammerhead3n" ; :wordnet "hammerhead", "hammerhead shark" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Distinctive sharks whose heads protrude to both sides with eyes on the ends of the laterally elongated head. Weird-looking. They look comical but can be dangerous. CYC 'Shark-Hammerhead': The collection of all sharks belonging to the biological family Sphyrnidae. These sharks are medium-sized and have flattened heads. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hammerhead shark' in WordNet: 1. hammerhead, hammerhead shark - (medium-sized live-bearing shark with eyes at either end of a flattened hammer-shaped head; worldwide in warm waters; can be dangerous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scavenger, :Shark . :Sharp :en "sharply pointed" ; :ldoce "sharp" ; :wnsense "acuate1adj", "acute5adj", "needlelike1adj", "sharp2adj", "sharp9adj" ; :wordnet "acuate", "acute", "needlelike", "sharp" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having an edge or point that is thin and hard enough to pierce or cut things that are not as hard. This is a general sense, and can apply to broken glass as well as needles and cutting instruments intended to have a sharp edge. For the sense of 'sharpedged' as applied to knives and other cutting instruments, use the subtype 'Keen'. Includes adjective senses 2 and 9 of 'sharp' in WordNet: 2. (6) acuate, acute, sharp, needlelike - (ending in a sharp point) 9. (1) sharp - (having or made by a thin edge or sharp point; suitable for cutting or piercing; 'a sharp knife'; 'a pencil with a sharp point') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SharpAngled :wnsense "angular2adj" ; :wordnet "angular" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of an object that has at least one distinctive 'sharp' angle (an angle less than 45 degrees,an acute angle). such as the sharp edge of a knife. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angular, :Sharp ; owl:disjointWith :Round . :SharpEdged :isAnAttributeValueOf :CuttingDevice, :Knife ; :wnsense "angular2adj" ; :wordnet "angular" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of an object that has one 'sharp edge', often a ''KnifeEdge''. NOTE: If the 'edge' that is sharp can be a small part of the Object. If the shapr part is the end of the Obejct, as in a ''DrillBit'', which is a 'Shaft'', then it has the subAttribute attribute ''SharpEnded''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SharpAngled . :SharpEnded :en "sharp ended" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :DrillBit ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SharpEnded'' the attribute of a ''SharpEdged'', Object where the sharp part is at the end of the object, such as on a ''DrillBit''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SharpEdged . :SharpObject :guid "1f34ed22-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SolidObject'' with a sharp edge or point, ''Hard'' enough to pierce other ''SolidbObject''s.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sharp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PointyEndedObject :Blade ) ] . :SharpPain :ldoce "pain" ; :wnsense "pain3n" ; :wordnet "pain" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pain that is intense for a time that may be brief or longer. If chronic, it is also a ChronicPain. Something less inense than this would be a ''PainOrAche''. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 3 of 'pain' in Wordnet: 3. (9) pain, pain sensation, painful sensation - (a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; 'as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PainOrAche . :Sharpener :wnsense "sharpener1n" ; :wordnet "sharpener" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sharpener' in WordNet: 1. sharpener - (any implement that is used to make something (an edge or a point) sharper; 'a knife sharpener') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Implement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharpeningAnObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :SharpeningAnObject :eng "sharpening" ; :wnsense "sharpen1v" ; :wordnet "sharpen" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sharpen' in WordNet: 1. (1) sharpen - (make sharp or sharper; 'sharpen the knives') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sharper ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sharpener ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SharpeningaPencil a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the act of sharpening a ''LeadPencil'', using a ''PencilSharpener'' that grinds the end of the pencil to a sharp point, enabling the pencil to write better. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SharpeningAnObject, :TaperingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeadPencil ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PencilSharpener ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Sharper :en "sharper" ; :enadj "sharper" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SharpeningAnObject ; :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Sharp ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sharper'' is the attribute of something that experienced a ''SharpeningAnObject'' Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :Sharply :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Sharp ; :wnsense "acutely1adv", "precipitously1adv", "sharply1adv", "sharply2adv", "sharply3adv", "sharply4adv" ; :wordnet "acutely", "precipitously", "sharply" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sharply'' is an adverb typically modifying a past participle that is serving as indicating a high degree of some attribute, of various kinds, imparted by the action of that particple. @ToDo1439: This Type includes most meanings, and those need to be distinguished. Includes adverb senses 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 'sharply' in WordNet: 1. (14) aggressively, sharply - (in an aggressive manner; 'she was being sharply questioned') 2. (3) sharply, crisply - (in a well delineated manner; 'the new style of Minoan pottery was sharply defined') 3. (2) sharply, sharp, acutely - (changing suddenly in direction and degree; 'the road twists sharply after the light'; 'turn sharp left here'; 'the visor was acutely peaked'; 'her shoes had acutely pointed toes') 4. precipitously, sharply - (very suddenly and to a great degree; 'conditions that precipitously increase the birthrate'; 'prices rose sharply') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :SharplyCurved :en "sharply curved" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SharplyCurved'' is a subtype of ''Curved'' describing things whose degree of curvature (inversely proportional to the radius of curvature) is higher (lower radius) than what is average or typical for that kind of Object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curved . :SharplyDefined :en "high res", "high resolution", "sharply defined" ; :ldoce "sharp" ; :wnsense "crisp1adj", "sharp1adj" ; :wordnet "crisp", "sharp" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SharplyDefined' is a subtype of 'Distinct' referring to sounds or visually perceived objects that are distinctly and sharply discriminated from the background; sharp-edge for objects in a visual field (as opposed to fuzzy or blurred); or having a loudness significantly higher than the background noise, for sounds. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sharp' in WordNet: 1. (9) crisp, sharp - - ((of something seen or heard) clearly defined; 'a sharp photographic image'; 'the sharp crack of a twig'; 'the crisp snap of dry leaves underfoot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distinct . :ShattAlArabRiver :guid "bd58ead7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The Shatt-Al-Arab River or Waterway, a river of historical significance, flowing from the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers near the #$CityOfBasraIraq, to its outflow into the #$PersianGulf.""" . :Shattered :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Shattering ; :wnsense "shattered1adj", "tattered2adj" ; :wordnet "shattered", "tattered" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shattered' in Wordnet: 1. shattered, tattered - (ruined or disrupted; 'our shattered dreams of peace and prosperity'; 'a tattered remnant of its former strength'; 'my torn and tattered past') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broken, :Fragmented . :Shattering :wnsense "break up16v", "fragment1v", "fragmentise1v", "fragmentize1v", "shatter1v" ; :wordnet "break up", "fragment", "fragmentise", "fragmentize", "shatter" ; a :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Shattering'' is a ''BurstingApart' that occurs suddenly *and* produces more than two pieces (fragments). If a breaking Action produces only two pieces, it is a ''SplittingInTwo''. This Event is commonly observed for glass or ceramic objects. This is a breaking for a ''BrittleObject'' NOTE: This is the *intransitive* sense of something shattering; for the transitive sense of the Action that causes this, use ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces'' This represents the intransitive verb sense 1 of 'shatter' in WordNet: 1. (12) shatter - (break into many pieces; 'The wine glass shattered') WN verb 'fragment': (intransitive sense) 1. break up, fragment, fragmentize, fragmentise - (break or cause to break into pieces; 'The plate fragmented') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BurstingApart, :SplittingApart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreakingSomethingIntoPieces ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrittleObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fragment ; owl:minCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Shaved :guid "bd58fa18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Skin ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Shaving ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unshaven ; :wnsense "shaved1adj", "shaven1adj" ; :wordnet "shaved", "shaven" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An attribute for describing a level of hair coverage: in this case, none, because it has been shaved off. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shaved' in Wordnet: 1. (2) shaven, shaved - (having the beard or hair cut off close to the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hairless, :PastParticiple . :Shaving :eng "shaving" ; :wnsense "shave1v", "shave2v", "trim8v" ; :wordnet "shave", "trim" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shaving'' is ''CuttingHair'' close to the skin so as to expose the skin. This is most commonly for facial hair, but is also done for hair on other parts of the body. It can be done as a pre-operative procedure, not just for beautification. In addition to a ''CuttingSomething'' event, this is also a ''RemovingSomething'' Event, as the hair that is cut is effectively removed. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'shave' in Wordnet: 1. (8) shave - (remove body hair with a razor) 2. (1) shave, trim - (cut closely; 'trim my beard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingHair, :FacialCare, :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :ShavingCream :guid "bd58f6df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shaving cream1n", "shaving soap1n" ; :wordnet "shaving cream", "shaving soap" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Generic shaving cream, including creams, foams, and gels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shaving cream' in WordNet: 1. shaving cream, shaving soap - (toiletry consisting of a preparation of soap and fatty acids that forms a rich lather for softening the beard before shaving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lubricant, :Paste, :ToiletrySubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :ShavingKit :en "shaving kit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShavingKit'' is a ''KitAndContents'' in which the contents are ''MakeupObject''s. @mod49 """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equipment, :KitAndContents, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shaving ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShavingCream ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Razor ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :Shawl :wnsense "shawl1n" ; :wordnet "shawl" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A simple piece of cloth designed to be worn over the shoulders as an outer garment, having no sleeves, pockets or other attachments to the basic cloth. Corresponds to the RHW 'shawl': a square, triangular, or oblong piece of wool or other material worn, esp. by women, about the shoulders, or the head and shoulders, in place of a coat or hat outdoors, and indoors as protection against chill or dampness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shawl' in WordNet: 1. (2) shawl - (cloak consisting of an oblong piece of cloth used to cover the head and shoulders) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cloak, :Wrap . :Sheaf :wnsense "sheaf1n" ; :wordnet "sheaf" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sheaf'' is a ''Bundle'' consisting of multiple PhysicalObjects that have a shape allowing tight compaction, such as a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' or a ''Cord'', and which have been tightly compacted. The component Objects may be bound together by a cord, such as in a bundle of papers See''Faggot'' and ''SheafOfCords'' for bundles of rods, cords, and other long thin things. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'sheaf' in WordNet: 1. (1) bundle, sheaf - (a package of several things tied together for carrying or storing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bundle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ] . :SheafOfCords a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SheafOfCords'' is a ''Faggot' consisting of multiple ''Cord''s, each attached at one end to a common base. The cords may be folded over so that they are actually attached at the middle, such a middle of a cord will be considered as the 'end' for this purpose, considering the middle as the end of each half of the cord, This is the set of strings or cords that hang loose in a ''Tassel''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Faggot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Cord ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :ShearStrength :en "shear strength" ; :enn "shear strength" ; :guid "bd58d29e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an AttributeType. The AttributeValues that instantiate this type have not yet (r885) been created. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$ShearStrength is a specific capacity of some physical object to resist the slipping of one segment in relation to another. Shear strengths are designated using a #$GenericValueFunction; higher value means more resistance to slippage. Shear strengths of objects are indicated with the predicate #$shearStrengthOfObject. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strength . :ShearingSheep :wnsense "fleece2v", "shear2v" ; :wordnet "fleece", "shear" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ShearingSheep'' is a ''Shaving'' of Sheep with the purpose of harvesting the wool and using it,mostly for clothing. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'shear' in WordNet: 2. fleece, shear - (shear the wool from; \"shear sheep\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shaving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sheep-Domestic ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheepWool ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ShearingaPlant a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShearingaPlant'' is a ''PruningaPlant'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PruningaPlant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shears ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Shears :wnsense "shears1n" ; :wordnet "shears" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """There are several types of ''Shears'' - the kind used for pruning hedges requires two hands, one on each handle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shears' in WordNet: 1. shears - (large scissors with strong blades) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :Scissors, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Shedding :en "shedding" ; :guid "b6a823ec-9f41-11d6-8000-00a0c9c6d1c3" ; :wnsense "shed4v" ; :wordnet "shed" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The shedding (falling from the body of an animal) of hair or dandruff or skin - or anything else that might be in the surface of the body. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'shed' in Wordnet: 4. shed, molt, exuviate, moult, slough - (cast off hair, skin, horn, or feathers; 'our dog sheds every Spring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :EmittingStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodySurfaceSubstance ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Sheep :guid "bd58e4f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sheep" ; :wnsense "sheep1n" ; :wordnet "sheep" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any sheep,wild or domestic. NOTE: SUMO restricts this to domestic sheep, but COSMO follows the Cyc usage. SUMO: A domesticated HoofedMammal that is bred for its wool and for its meat (known as mutton). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheep' in WordNet: 1. (14) sheep - (woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerdAnimal, :HoofedMammal, :Ruminant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woolly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wool ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Sheep-Domestic :guid "bd58e4b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sheep" ; :wnsense "sheep1n" ; :wordnet "sheep" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A domestic sheep. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheep' in WordNet: 1. (14) sheep - (woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticatedAnimal, :Sheep, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mutton ; owl:onProperty :providesMeat ] . :SheepDog :wnsense "sheep dog1n", "sheepdog1n", "shepherd dog1n" ; :wordnet "sheep dog", "sheepdog", "shepherd dog" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''WorkingDog''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheepdog' in WordNet: 1. shepherd dog, sheepdog, sheep dog - (any of various usually long-haired breeds of dog reared to herd and guard sheep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingDog . :SheepWool :guid "bea800f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wool2n" ; :wordnet "wool" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wool from sheep. Corresponds to part (from sheep) of noun sense 2 of 'wool' in WordNet: 2. wool - (fiber sheared from animals (such as sheep) and twisted into yarn for weaving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sheep ; owl:onProperty :isObtainedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShearingSheep ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Sheepskin :wnsense "sheepskin1n", "sheepskin2n" ; :wordnet "sheepskin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object made of Leather from a sheep. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'sheepskin' in WordNet: 1. (1) sheepskin, fleece - (tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing) 2. parchment, sheepskin, lambskin - (skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeatherObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sheep ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :SheetArtifact :wnsense "flat solid1n", "sheet6n" ; :wordnet "flat solid", "sheet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A solid FreeSheet that is an ArtifactObject; pieces of paper, credit cards, bed sheets, ''SheetOfMetal'' etc. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'sheet' in WordNet: 6. sheet, flat solid - (a flat artifact that is thin relative to its length and width) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :FreeSheet, :SolidObject . :SheetLike a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of an object that is thin in one dimension but extended in the other two dimensions more than ten times the length of the thin dimension. NOTE that this property can be of a solid, liquid, or gas, and may be a transient property for liquids and gases. The notion of 'Sheetlike' does not require that the Object or Substance having that property consists of a single unbroken sheet. One can talk about the plating on a set of silver-plated tableware as being 'Sheetlike' even though there are many individual sheets. The continuity notion of substance shape only requires that any given object that has that property, if divided in two, still has that property.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :SheetOfMetal :wnsense "sheet metal1n" ; :wordnet "sheet metal" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SheetOfMetal'' is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' made of some''Metal'' - the sheet may be free, or bonded to another Object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheet metal' in WordNet: 1. (2) sheet metal - (sheet of metal formed into a thin plate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :MetalObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ] . :SheetOfPaper :hasShape :SheetLike ; :ldoce "sheet" ; :wnsense "sheet2n" ; :wordnet "sheet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A thin sheet of paper that will hang down when one end is held horizontally; '30 pounds' or less in rated weight. It can be smoothly calendered for writing, or Absorbent like a paper towel. A SheetOfPaper is still a SheetOfPaper if it is fixed to some other object and cannot fold freely, such as wallpaper; the characteristics refer to its properties when it is first created as a SheetOfPaper. *NOTE* for a sheet of writing paper, use ''SheetOfWritingPaper''. @ToDo: how to express the possibility of characteristics being restrained while retaining identity? NOTE the WN gloss suggests that this is for writing or printing, but this includes sheets of any kind of paper, including paper towels, facial tisue or toilet paper. The subtypes can be more specific. Corresponds to a supertype of noun sense of 'sheet' in WordNet, including paper sheets that are not used for writing (see 'PaperHanky' below); for writing paper, use 'SheetOfWritingPaper'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'sheet of paper' in WordNet: 2. (11) sheet, piece of paper, sheet of paper - - (used for writing or printing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreeSheet, :PaperObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SheetOfSomeStuff :guid "bd59066e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sheet" ; :wnsense "sheet1n" ; :wordnet "sheet" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is a ''PhysicalObject'' with two extended dimensions and a third dimension substantially shorter than the other two. It may be rigid or flexible, it may be free (not part of a larger object, a ''FreeSheet'') or contained within a larger object (a surface or interior slice) NOTE that this is a subtype of ''TwoDimensionalThing'' but is in fact three-dimensional, as that type can describe PhysicalObjects that are **approximately** two-dimensional. It is not necessarily impermeable, unless it has the ''Impermeable'' attribute. It could be porous or have holes, like a ''PieceOfCloth'' or a screen. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalObject. Each instance of #$SheetOfSomeStuff is a partially tangible thing which (in its intrinsic shape - see #$CurrentShapeVsIntrinsicShape) is continuous and, when flattened, uncrumpled, unfurled, etc., has one dimension which is significantly smaller than the other two dimensions. Although each instance of #$SheetOfSomeStuff is a _continuous_ sheet, it may be penetrable, so #$Screen-Mesh, #$Netting, and #$LaceCloth are specializations of #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Instances of #$SheetOfSomeStuff may be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. An instance of #$Puddle on a relatively flat surface (but not in a deep pothole) or an instance of #$AltoStratusCloud would be instances of this collection. Note that being an instance of #$SheetOfSomeStuff implies nothing about the current configuration of the instance; in particular, instances of #$SheetOfSomeStuff need not be perpetually lying flat. For example, aluminum foil on a roll or a bedspread crumpled up on a bed are instances of #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Cf. #$SheetShaped. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'sheet' in WordNet (a surface part of an object is not included): in WordNet: 1. (12) sheet - (any broad thin expanse or surface; 'a sheet of ice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatiallyContinuousThing, :TwoDimensionalSolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :SheetOfWritingPaper :ldoce "sheet" ; :wnsense "sheet2n" ; :wordnet "sheet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SheetOfPaper' that is of a size and color designed to be used for writing or printing. This includes sheets that already have writing on them, including printed documents. The main characteristic is the size, and light color of the background. For the kind of writing paper sold blank or only with some 'letterhead' printed on it, use subtype ''Stationery''. WN 'sheet' (part): 2. (11) sheet, piece of paper, sheet of paper - - (used for writing or printing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfPaper, :WritingSurfaceProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Writing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Printing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "30"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "40"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :SheetType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment "Each instance of ''SheetType'' is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff''." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType . :SheetlikeBarrier a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SheetlikeBarrier' may or may not be an artifact. Biological membranes, piece of skin, etc. are included here, as well as semipermeable membranes that are artifactual. Objects that block light (e.g. a 'LampShade' or open awning or umbrella) are also included, as are 'Screen's. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarrierObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PassingThroughOrBySomething :ActionType :ProcessType ) ] ] . :SheetlikeSubstance :hasShape :SheetLike ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substance that must be in a sheet-like form. Things like 'foil' and 'fabric' made of a specific substance will necessarily have a sheetlike shape..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceInaSpecificShape, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetLike ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Shelf :ennp "shelves" ; :guid "bd58d8ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasPluralForm "shelves" ; :ldoce "shelf" ; :wnsense "shelf1n" ; :wordnet "shelf" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This refers to any shelf that may be on the wall in a room, or part of a piece of furniture or appliance. The shelves of a movable bookcase as well as the built-in shelves in a closet are examples. A Shelf is a Board, so a ledge carved into a larger object, such as stone, is not a 'Shelf'; a Shelf must be a free SheetOfSomeStuff at some point in its development, before attaching to a support. In Cyc called 'ShelfInABuilding' NOTE that in COSMO we broaden this to include shelves on the outside of a building, such as horizontal window ledges. See subtype ''WindowLedge''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shelf' in WordNet: 1. (8) shelf - - (a support that consists of a horizontal surface for holding objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :HorizontalSurface, :StorageConstructInABuilding, :SupportingObject . :Shell :ldoce "shell" ; :wnsense "shell10n", "shell2n", "shell3n", "shell4n", "shell5n" ; :wordnet "shell" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most general sense of 'shell' as a hard external covering of some object, including animal shells and the shells of nuts and eggs. The shell is a proper part of the thing it covers, distinguishing it from other kinds of covering. This is usually used for animals and parts of organisms, but can be used for inanimate things, Includes noun senses 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 of 'shell' in WordNet: 2. (3) shell - (the material that forms the hard outer covering of many animals) 3. (2) carapace, shell, cuticle, shield - (hard outer covering or case of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles) 4. shell - (the hard usually fibrous outer layer of some fruits especially nuts) 5. shell, eggshell - (the exterior covering of a bird's egg) 10. shell - (the hard largely calcareous covering of a mollusc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering, :EnvelopingCovering, :ProtectiveObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ShellSubstance :ldoce "shell" ; :wnsense "shell2n" ; :wordnet "shell" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of the substances which make up most of the material in an animal shell; it may be largely calcium carbonate (as in many sea critters) or chitin. This type includes all such substances. This aggregate class is included mostly to specify the hard quality of such shell material. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shell' in WordNet: 2. (3) shell - (the material that forms the hard outer covering of many animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Shellfish :guid "bd5895f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shellfish2n" ; :wordnet "shellfish" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Mollusks and #$Crustaceans that people commonly eat and that have shells. They are aquatic invertebrates, and are not actually #$Fish. Subtypes are ''Mollusk'' and ''Crustacean''. Corresponds to the broader category including noun sense 2 of 'shellfish' in WordNet: 2. mollusk, mollusc, shellfish - (invertebrate having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AquaticOrganism, :Invertebrate . :Shellfish-Food :wnsense "shellfish1n" ; :wordnet "shellfish" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shellfish-Food'' is the ''Seafood'' derived from one or more ''Shellfish''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shellfish' in WordNet: 1. shellfish - (meat of edible aquatic invertebrate with a shell (especially a mollusk or crustacean)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seafood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shellfish ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Shelter :wnsense "shelter2n" ; :wordnet "shelter" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shelter' in WordNet: 2. (3) shelter - (protective covering that provides protection from the weather) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtectiveSystem, :SolidTangibleArtifact . :ShelterConstruction :guid "bd589a82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shelter" ; :wnsense "shelter1n" ; :wordnet "shelter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ConstructionArtifact. Each instance of #$ShelterConstruction is an artifact built by some agent, including but not limited to humans, and intended for use as a shelter. Instances of #$ShelterConstruction include bird nests, termite mounds, beaver dams, the #$SydneyOperaHouse, the #$PalaceOfFineArts-SanFrancisco, and the #$NewYorkHiltonAtBroadway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shelter' in WordNet: 1. (56) shelter - (a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :ProtectiveObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShelteringAnAnimal ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :ShelteringAnAnimal :ldoce "shelter" ; :wnsense "shelter1v" ; :wordnet "shelter" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ShelteringAnAnimal' is a type of 'ProtectingPassively' in which some inanimate object protects some animal(s) (usually people) from harm or inconvenience of outdoor things. This is not a function that can usually be accomplished by a natural object (e.g. a cave), but as a 'designFunction' is usually done by an artifact. If a natural object is modified to assist the shelterin task, its function can then be considered as a 'DstignFunction'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shelter' in WordNet: 1. (1) shelter - (provide shelter for; 'After the earthquake, the government could not provide shelter for the thousands of homeless people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtectingPassively . :ShelteringPeople :ldoce "shelter" ; :wnsense "shelter1v" ; :wordnet "shelter" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShelteringPeople is a 'ShelteringAnAnimal' in which the 'Animal'' is one or more ''Person''s. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shelter' in WordNet: 1. (1) shelter - (provide shelter for; 'After the earthquake, the government could not provide shelter for the thousands of homeless people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShelteringAnAnimal . :ShenandoahValley :wnsense "Shenandoah Valley1n" ; :wordnet "Shenandoah Valley" ; a :RiverValley ; rdfs:comment """ Wikipedia: The Shenandoah Valley is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River and to the south by the James River. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the valley plus the Virginia highlands to the west, and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley. The 'Sehandoah River' passes through a large part of the valley: WN: 1. Shenandoah River - (a river of northern Virginia that empties into the Potomac at Harpers Ferry) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Shenandoah Valley' in WordNet: 1. Shenandoah Valley - (a large valley between the Allegheny Mountains and the Blue Ridge Mountains in northern Virginia; site of numerous battles during the American Civil War) """ . :Shepherd :wnsense "shepherd2n" ; :wordnet "shepherd" ; a :HumanRoleType, :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Herder'' who keeps watch over ''Sheep''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shepherd' in WordNet: 2. (1) sheepherder, shepherd, sheepman - (a herder of sheep (on an open range); someone who keeps the sheep together in a flock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Herder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sheep ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :Sheriff :wnsense "sheriff1n" ; :wordnet "sheriff" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sheriff' in WordNet: 1. (7) sheriff - (the principal law-enforcement officer in a county) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadOfAnOrganization, :LawEnforcementOfficer, :Manager, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :County ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CountyPoliceDepartment ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CountyPoliceDepartment ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CountyPoliceDepartment ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :Shh :en "sh", "shh" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shh'' is an interjection that is used to mean 'be quiet'or 'stop talking'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection . :Shield :guid "1e5794cc-1ed1-41d8-976f-b5bac6da3d77" ; :ldoce "shield" ; :wnsense "shield2n" ; :wordnet "shield" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An Artifact that is held by the hand or whole arm and is used to prevent injuries from Weapons. A shield used for battle. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shield' in WordNet: 2. (2) shield, buckler - (armor carried on the arm to intercept blows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Armor, :Artifact-NonAgentive, :DefenseSystem, :ShieldDevice . :ShieldDevice :wnsense "shield1n" ; :wordnet "shield" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShieldDevice'' is a ''ProtectiveCovering'' that is designed to protect a ''Person'' from some Object that could injure the Person if it case into contact with some part of the body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shield' in WordNet: 1. (3) shield - (a protective covering or structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProtectiveCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProtectingaPersonPassively ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Shifting :isAnAttributeValueOf :AttributeValue, :PhysicalObject, :SituationProcessEventOrState ; :wnsense "shifting1adj" ; :wordnet "shifting" ; a :AdjectiveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shifting'' is an attribute used to characterize things that can change at unpredictable intervals. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shifting' in Wordnet: 1. (2) shifting - (continuously varying; 'taffeta with shifting colors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changing . :ShiftingPosition :isAnAttributeValueOf :AttributeValue, :PhysicalObject, :SituationProcessEventOrState ; :wnsense "shifting2adj" ; :wordnet "shifting" ; a :AdjectiveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'shifting' in Wordnet: 2. shifting, shifty - (changing position or direction; 'he drifted into the shifting crowd'; 'their nervous shifting glances'; 'shifty winds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shifting . :ShiitePerson :wnsense "Shi'ite Muslim1n", "Shi'ite1n", "Shia Muslim1n", "Shiite Muslim1n", "Shiite1n" ; :wordnet "Shi'ite", "Shi'ite Muslim", "Shia Muslim", "Shiite", "Shiite Muslim" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Shiite' in WordNet: 1. Shiite, Shi'ite, Shiite Muslim, Shi'ite Muslim, Shia Muslim - (a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MuslimPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shiitic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Shiitic :en "Shiite", "Shiitic" ; :enadj "Shiite", "Shiitic" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ShiitePerson ; :pertainsTo :ShiitePerson ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No Wn adjective 'Shiite'. In RHW the only related adjective is ''Shiitic'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Shimmering :en "shimmering" ; :enadj "shimmering" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shimmering'' is an attribute characterizing objects that reflect light in a cyclic lighter-darker pattern, typically due to some movement of the object or of the light source. 'shimmering ornaments on the Christmas tree'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ShimmeringEvent :eng "shimmering" ; :wnsense "shimmer1v", "shimmer2v" ; :wordnet "shimmer" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''ShimmeringEvent'' includes the reflecting of a weak light as well as the 'shimmering' that is a cyclic reflection of higher and lower intensities of light. These two might be distinguished - if a clear logical distinction can be found; light from leaves tend to cycle in intensity due to motion if they are still fo the 'shimmer'?. Moving water can 'shimmer' in sunlight or moonlight due to its motion. More examples needed. @ToDo. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'shimmer' (distinction is unclear) in WordNet: 1. shimmer - (shine with a weak or fitful light; 'Beech leaves shimmered in the moonlight') 2. shimmer - (give off a shimmering reflection, as of silk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Glistening . :Shin :guid "bd58bdc3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shin1n" ; :wordnet "shin" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the *front* lower part of a ''HumanLeg''. Why does CYC gloss say 'rear'?? CYC: The collection of all rear regions of #$LowerLegs in humans and some other animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shin' in WordNet: 1. (2) shin - (the front part of the human leg between the knee and the ankle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :HumanBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KneeAndAnkle ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Shingle :wnsense "shingle1n" ; :wordnet "shingle" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ConstructionObject'' that is a thin flat ''SmallObject'' placed on sloping roofs or walls in overlapping layers to prevent water from rain or snow from seeping into the structure beneath. The materials vary, commonly asphalt or asbestos for roofs, or wood or plastic for outer walls, but this includes stone (e.g. slate) or baked clay tiles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shingle in WordNet: 1. shingle, shake - (building material used as siding or roofing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionObject, :Covering-Object, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BuildingMaterial ; owl:onProperty :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceObjectType ] . :Shingles :guid "bdb5a9d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "herpes zoster1n", "shingles1n", "zoster1n" ; :wordnet "herpes zoster", "shingles", "zoster" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Shingles-Ailment': A very painful adult disease caused by the same #$Virus (varicella zoster virus) that causes #$ChickenPox usually in children. RHW: a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, esp. by reactivated virus in an older person, characterized by skin eruptions and pain along the course of involved sensory nerves. Also called herpes zoster. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shingles' in WordNet: 1. herpes zoster, zoster, shingles - (eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Herpes, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HerpesZosterVirus ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ] . :Shingling :guid "c10087df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shingling2n" ; :wordnet "shingling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A roofing task in which shingles are applied to a roof. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shingling' in WordNet: 2. shingling - (the laying on of shingles; 'shingling is a craft very different from carpentry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingSomethingToSurface, :RoofingaStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shingle ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Roof ] . :Shining :wnsense "shining1adj" ; :wordnet "shining" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shining' in Wordnet: 1. (2) shining - (marked by exceptional merit; 'had shining virtues and few faults'; 'a shining example') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conspicuous, :Excellent . :ShiningByReflection :ldoce "shine" ; :wnsense "shine1v" ; :wordnet "shine" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LightPropagationEvent' in which some object is brighter than its surroundings, due to reflected light. 'The cat's eyes were shining back at them'; 'the snow-clad peaks shone brightly in the sunlight'. NOTE:@ToDO: is this a st of ''Reflecting'' or a subevent of ''Reflecting''? Or both? @1247 caused by reflecting; st of 'reflection'? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shine' in WordNet: 1. (9) reflect, shine - - (be bright by reflecting or casting light; 'Drive carefully - - the wet road reflects') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightPropagationEvent, :Reflecting, :ShiningLight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reflecting ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :ShiningLight :ldoce "shine" ; :wnsense "beam2v", "shine2v" ; :wordnet "beam", "shine" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'LightPropagationEvent' in which some object is brighter than its surroundings, due to emitted light. 'The stars shone brightly' This is the VisibleLight emitted from the Object. \"beingluminous\"? Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'shine' in WordNet: 2. (6) shine, beam - - (emit light; be bright, as of the sun or a light; 'The sun shone bright that day'; 'The fire beamed on their faces') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingLight, :LightPropagationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :ShiningOnAnObject a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ShiningOnAnObject' is an Event in which a ray of light (a ''\"LightPropagationEvent\"'') impinges on some Object and causes it to become ''Visible''). This is the final SubEvent of ''IlluminatingSomething''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingSomethingNoticeable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IlluminatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingVisible ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Shinnying :eng "shinnying" ; :wnsense "clamber1v", "scramble2v", "shin1v", "shinny1v", "struggle3v" ; :wordnet "clamber", "scramble", "shin", "shinny", "struggle" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shinnying'' is a manner of ''Climbing'' up a vertical post, pole, or tree by grasping the arms and legs around the pole or tree, and pushing up with the feet and pulling up with the hands. Sometimes this is the only way to ascend a tree when there are no climbing cleats or grasping tools available. NOTE: 'sputter' is not in RHW in this sense, has been omitted to avoid confusion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shinny' in WordNet: 1. clamber, scramble, shin, shinny, skin, struggle, sputter - (climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Climbing . :Shinto :hasBeliever :Shintoists ; :hasTopic :AncestorsShouldBeWorshiped ; :wnsense "Shinto1n", "Shinto2n" ; :wordnet "Shinto" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'Shinto' in Wordnet: 1. Shinto - (the native religion and former ethnic cult of Japan) 2. Shinto, Shintoism - (the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma; characterized by a veneration of nature spirits and of ancestors) """ . :Shintoists :believes :Shinto ; :en "shintoists" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "Shintoist1n" ; :wordnet "Shintoist" ; a :ReligiousGroup ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Shintoist' in Wordnet: 1. Shintoist - (a believer in Shintoism) """ . :Shiny :guid "a95154c8-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Reflecting ; :wnsense "bright5adj", "burnished1adj", "glistening1adj", "glossy1adj", "lustrous1adj", "lustrous3adj", "sheeny1adj", "shining2adj", "shining4adj", "shiny1adj", "shiny3adj" ; :wordnet "bright", "burnished", "glistening", "glossy", "lustrous", "sheeny", "shining", "shiny" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Shiny. Includes adjective senses 1and 3 of 'shiny' in Wordnet: 1. (2) glistening, glossy, lustrous, sheeny, shiny, shining - (reflecting light; 'glistening bodies of swimmers'; 'the horse's glossy coat'; 'lustrous auburn hair'; 'saw the moon like a shiny dime on a deep blue velvet carpet'; 'shining white enamel') 3. bright, burnished, lustrous, shining, shiny - (made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow; 'bright silver candlesticks'; 'a burnished brass knocker'; 'she brushed her hair until it fell in lustrous auburn waves'; 'rows of shining glasses'; 'shiny black patents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighReflectance . :ShinyObject :en "shiny object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A ''ShinyObject'' is a PhysicalObject that is ''Shiny''." ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shiny ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ship :hasSynonym :degen_Boot, :engen_boat ; :ldoce "ship" ; :wnsense "ship1n" ; :wordnet "ship" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Ship is a large Vessel. The minimum size to be considered a ship will vary with the speaker, but will generally be at least 30 meters long. NOTE that occasionally a Ship will be referred to as a 'boat', but that word is not yet listed as a synonym. A large yacht that can go on the Ocean is included. Cyc: #$Ship is a specialization of #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, #$PoweredDevice, and #$Watercraft-Surface. Each instance of #$Ship is a typically large and ocean-going vessel. Notable specializations of #$Ship include #$ModernNavalShip, #$CargoShip, and #$OceanLiner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ship' in WordNet: 1. (49) ship - - (a vessel that carries passengers or freight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :PoweredDevice, :Vessel, :Watercraft-Surface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :ShipCabin :wnsense "cabin5n" ; :wordnet "cabin" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShipCabin'' is a 'Room' located on a ship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cabin' in WordNet: 1. (5) cabin - (small room on a ship or boat where people sleep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, :StorageConstructInABuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ship ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ShipCanal :wnsense "ship canal1n", "shipway2n" ; :wordnet "ship canal", "shipway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShipCanal is a ''ShippingCanal''large and deep enough to accommodate seagoing ships. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ship canal' in WordNet: 1. ship canal, shipway - (a canal large enough for seagoing vessels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShippingCanal . :ShipCrew :wnsense "crew1n" ; :wordnet "crew" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Crew'' who work together to perform functions on a boat of any kind that requires more than one person to operate. Includes those who maintain the mechanical functions of the ship as well as those (as on a cruise ship) who serve the passengers. . Corresponds to part (for boats, not aircraft) of noun sense 1 of 'crew' in WordNet: 1. (15) crew - (the men who man a ship or aircraft) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crew, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ship ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :ShipGalley :wnsense "caboose1n", "cookhouse1n", "galley4n", "ship's galley1n" ; :wordnet "caboose", "cookhouse", "galley", "ship's galley" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShipGalley'' is a ''GalleyKitchen'' on a ''Ship''. Correspoonds to noun sense 4 of 'galley' in WordNet: 4. galley, ship's galley, caboose, cookhouse - (the area for food preparation on a ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GalleyKitchen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ship ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ShipIdentifier a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ShipIdentifier is any AbstractSymbolicObject used to identify a ship (vessel, watercraft). It is usually an AbstractString, but may be iconic. It can be a name or a code assigned to a ship by a CodingAuthority. The actual physical symbolic objects affixed to a ship as identification are related to ShipIdentifier by the 'hasPhysicalRepresentation' relation..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Identifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :identifies ; owl:someValuesFrom :Vessel ] . :ShipOrTrain a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationDevice ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Ship :Train-TransportationDevice ) ] . :Shipment :wnsense "parcel4n", "shipment1n" ; :wordnet "parcel", "shipment" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shipment'' is any 'Package' that has been or is being transported by some ''TransportationOrganization''. This is not for letters or other flat objects delivered by the USPS (see ''Mail''), but includes parcels delivered by other shipping services such as UPS, DHL, or FedEx. This is for packages delivered directly to the addressee (especially at their residence), and not for large ''Cargo'' delivered to a port or a railroad terminal (see ''Cargo''). Corresponds to *part* (for any package shipped, not a full 'load') of noun sense 1 of 'shipment' and part of noun sense 4 of 'parcel' in WordNet: 1. (3) cargo, lading, freight, load, loading, payload, shipment, consignment - (goods carried by a large vehicle) WN noun 'parcel': 4. package, bundle, packet, parcel - (a collection of things wrapped or boxed together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanScaleObject, :ObjectGroup, :Package, :RoleInAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationServiceEvent ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ] . :Shipping :en "hauling", "shipping", "transporting" ; :guid "bd58fa9f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "send", "ship", "transport" ; :wnsense "haul2v", "send4v", "ship1v", "transport1v" ; :wordnet "haul", "send", "ship", "transport" ; a :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event consisting of the shipping of objects from one physical location to another, using a TransportationDevice. Shipping from the perspective of being done as a dedicated service, such as what UPS, the US Postal Service, or Dominoes Pizza Delivery might do. This is a subtype of ServiceEvent, and will not be used to describe the transporting of things by a person for his/her own purposes. Shipping involves a third party doing the shipping, in addition to the sender and receiver. SUMO: Shipping is the subclass of Transportation events in which goods are transported from one place to another by an agent who is entrusted with the goods temporarily just in order to move them. Shipping may be done within an organization or it may be done by an outside commercial agent. See CommercialShipping. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ship', sense 4 of 'transport' and sense 4 of 'send' and sense 2 of 'haul' in WordNet: 4. (14) transport, send, ship - - (transport commercially) WN verb 'haul': 2. (5) haul - (transport in a vehicle; 'haul stones from the quarry in a truck'; 'haul vegetables to the market') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationServiceEvent . :ShippingByWater :en "shipping by water", "transporting by water", "water transport" ; :enn "shipping by water", "transporting by water", "water transport" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShippingByWater'' is the transportation of one or more PhysicalObjects in some form of ''Boat'', usually a large ''Ship''. This includes oceant transportation on large ships as well as stream of canal transportation in a berge. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shipping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waterway ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Watercraft ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :ShippingCanal :guid "bd58f371-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "canal3n" ; :wordnet "canal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShippingCanal'' is a ''Canal'' built for shipping rather than as a conduit for irrigation water. For the large canals that accomodate seagoing ships use subtype ''ShipCanal'' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'canal' in WordNet: 3. canal - (long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canal, :WaterSurfacePath, :Waterway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Watercraft ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :ShippingLane :en "shipping lane" ; :guid "c12b27e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sea lane1n", "seaway1n", "ship route1n", "trade route1n" ; :wordnet "sea lane", "seaway", "ship route", "trade route" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$WaterSurfacePath that are customary paths for shipping traffic either internationally (see #$ImportExportEvent) or intranationally. Instances of #$ShippingLane may or may not be contained within (#$TerritorialSeaFn COUNTRY) for some instance of #$GeopoliticalEntity, COUNTRY. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sea lane' in WordNet: 1. seaway, sea lane, ship route, trade route - (a lane at sea that is a regularly used route for vessels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, :WaterSurfacePath, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterTransportationVehicle ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :ShippingOrganization :en "shipping organization" ; :guid "bd5888b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TransportationCompany-Provider. Each instance of #$ShippingOrganization is an organization whose main function is to ship objects for its customers. A notable specialization of #$ShippingOrganization is #$PostalService.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationOrganization . :ShipsBow :wnsense "bow3n", "fore1n", "prow1n", "stem5n" ; :wordnet "bow", "fore", "prow", "stem" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FrontPart of a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'' is the PhysicalObject that is the part in front of the middle point of a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bow' in Wordnet: 3. (1) bow, fore, prow, stem - (front part of a vessel or aircraft; 'he pointed the bow of the boat toward the finish line') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontPart, :PartOfaShip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Boat ] . :ShipsCargo :en "ship's cargo" ; :enn "ship's cargo" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ShipsCargo'' is a ''Cargo'' carried by a ''Ship''. The ''Ship'' need not be a dedicated cargo ship, and the ''ShipsCargo'' can be any object(s) being transported other than passengers (including animals), including the personal belongings of passengers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cargo, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :ShippingByWater ] . :ShipsDeck :wnsense "deck1n" ; :wordnet "deck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of the main horizontal supporting platforms in a ship (essentially, a type of 'floor' if a ship is viewed functionally as a structure) that extend all or most of the way from stem to stern and/or side to side, and support the things that the ship is carrying - the 'decks' (floor-like surfaces) of the ship. A small boat may have only one ''ShipDeck''. NOTE: this is represented as the decks attached to the ''Hull'', but this includes the horizontal 'decks' above the Hull, as on large, cruise liners, so the ''attached'' is interpreted as directly or indirectly. Floors specifically and directly at the hull levle can be represented by a subtype when needed. @ToDo:check with ship experts on terminology? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deck' in WordNet: 1. (6) deck - (any of various platforms built into a vessel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Platform, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Boat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hull ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :ShipsStern :wnsense "stern1n" ; :wordnet "stern" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''RearPartOfAnObject'' of a ''Boat'' - the PhysicalObject that is part of a Boat behind the middle point. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stern' in WordNet: 1. (2) stern, after part, quarter, poop, tail - (the rear part of a ship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfaShip, :RearPartOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Boat ] . :Shipwreck :guid "bf8dc54f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shipwreck1n" ; :wordnet "shipwreck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shipwreck' in WordNet: 1. (1) shipwreck - (a wrecked ship (or a part of one)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WreckedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ship ] . :Shipyard :guid "c05ee915-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shipyard1n" ; :wordnet "shipyard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of shipyards. Each #$Shipyard is a place where ships or boats are constructed or repaired. If a shipyard is meant for repair there will be equipment for hauling the ships onto the shore. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shipyard' in WordNet: 1. (1) shipyard - (a workplace where ships are built or repaired) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturingFacility, :OutdoorObject . :Shire :wnsense "shire1n" ; :wordnet "shire" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN does not distinguish the Geopolitical agents from their areas or regions. This is the Agent - the same WN synset is used for area and region as well Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shire' in WordNet: 1. shire - (a former administrative district of England; equivalent to a county) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :England ; owl:onProperty :wasaPartOf ] . :ShirkingaDuty :wnsense "shirk1n" ; :wordnet "shirk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShirkingaDuty'' is an ''AvoidanceAction'' in which a Person avoids performing some task that is a form of 'duty' or job or responsibility - which can be minor or major. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shirk' in WordNet: 1. (2) fiddle, shirk, shrink from, goldbrick - (avoid (one's assigned duties); 'The derelict soldier shirked his duties') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AvoidanceAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DoingOnesDuty ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttemptToAvoid ] . :Shirt :guid "bd588139-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shirt" ; :wnsense "shirt1n" ; :wordnet "shirt" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Shirt is a specialization of #$Clothing-Top. Each instance of #$Shirt is a clothing item that is worn to cover the upper part of the human torso, with openings for the neck and lower body, and either openings for, or sleeves encircling, the arms. Specializations of #$Shirt include #$LongSleeveShirt, #$Blouse, and #$TankTop. SUMO: An item of Clothing which covers the upper body of a Human. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shirt' in WordNet: 1. (15) shirt - (a garment worn on the upper half of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Top, :EnvelopingCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chest-BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chest-BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Shirtwaist :en "shirt-waist" ; :guid "be01fa9b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shirtwaist1n" ; :wordnet "shirtwaist" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shirtwaist' in WordNet: 1. shirtwaist, shirtwaister - (a blouse with buttons down the front; 'in England they call a shirtwaist a shirtwaister') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blouse . :Shivering :en "shivering" ; :wnsense "shake5n", "shiver1n", "shiver2v", "shudder1v", "tremble1n" ; :wordnet "shake", "shiver", "shudder", "tremble" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Shivering' is a 'Trembling' due to feeling cold. For Trembling due to other causes, use 'Trembling. Includes verb sense 2 and part of noun sense 1 of 'shiver' in Wordnet: WN verb 'shiver': 2. (4) shiver, shudder - (shake, as from cold; 'The children are shivering - turn on the heat!') WN noun 'shiver': 1. (1) tremble, shiver, shake - (a reflex motion caused by cold or fear or excitement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trembling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :FeelingCold ] . :Shoat :wnsense "shoat1n", "shote1n" ; :wordnet "shoat", "shote" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A weaned ''Piglet''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoat' in WordNet: 1. piglet, piggy, shoat, shote - (a young pig) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Piglet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weaned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Shock :ldoce "shock" ; :wnsense "daze1n", "shock1n", "stupor1n" ; :wordnet "daze", "shock", "stupor" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An intense Feeling of surprise at something bad happening, that causes one to lose the normal ability to take effective action, or to respond thoughtfully. Cyc: The attribute-type associated with the feeling of surprise at the occurrence of something unexpected, unanticipated, or startling. A specialization of #$Surprise is #$Wonder-Admiration. (For the rationale behind treating feelings as types - - i.e. collections - - of attributes, see the comment on #$Happiness.) Includes noun senses 1 and 6 of 'shock' in WordNet: 1. (6) daze, shock, stupor - - (the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally; 'his mother's death left him in a daze'; 'he was numb with shock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surprise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shocked-Surprised ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Shock-PhysiologicalCondition :guid "be3f0127-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shock" ; :wnsense "shock4n" ; :wordnet "shock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of instances of shock. This is a condition characterized by greatly decreased blood pressure and circulation. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'shock' in WordNet: 4. (1) shock - - ((pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor; 'loss of blood is an important cause of shock\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition . :Shocked-Surprised :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Shock ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ShockingSomeone ; :wnsense "shocked1adj" ; :wordnet "shocked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shocked-Surprised'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who experienced a ''ShockingSomeone''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shocked' in Wordnet: 1. aghast, appalled, dismayed, shocked - (struck with fear, dread, or consternation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surprised . :Shocking :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ShockingSomeone ; :wnsense "disgraceful1adj", "scandalous1adj", "shameful2adj", "shocking2adj" ; :wordnet "disgraceful", "scandalous", "shameful", "shocking" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'shocking' in Wordnet: 2. disgraceful, scandalous, shameful, shocking - (giving offense to moral sensibilities and injurious to reputation; 'scandalous behavior'; 'the wicked rascally shameful conduct of the bankrupt'- Thackeray; 'the most shocking book of its time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient, :Shameful . :ShockingSomeone :ldoce "shock" ; :wnsense "ball over1v", "blow out of the water1v", "blow4n", "floor1v", "shock1v", "shock2v", "shock3v", "shock6n", "stun2v", "take aback1v" ; :wordnet "ball over", "blow", "blow out of the water", "floor", "stun", "sv", "take aback" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ShockingSomeone' is an Event which causes an animal (usually a person) to become strongly surprised (experience 'Surprise'). This kind of Event may cause 'Shock' (stupefaction) or mere moral outrage. @ToDo: subtypes may be distinguished to correspond to the WordNet sense distinctions. The restriction requires that the Surprise Feeling be specified, so that the animal that is surprised is identified. The Event of 'SurprisingSomeone' can be caused by natural Events, or by the deliberate action of another animal. Therefore it is not necessarily an Action, though it often is. Includes senses 1, and 3 of 'shock' in WordNet: 1. (4) shock, stun, floor, ball over, blow out of the water, take aback - - (surprise greatly; knock someone's socks off; 'I was floored when I heard that I was promoted') 3. shock - - (strike with horror or terror; 'The news of the bombing shocked her') WN noun 'shock': 6. (1) shock, blow - - (an unpleasant or disappointing surprise; 'it came as a shock to learn that he was injured') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurprisingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shock ] . :Shoe :guid "bd58a4e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shoe" ; :wnsense "shoe1n" ; :wordnet "shoe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ClothingItem. Each instance of #$Shoe is a shoe (or shoelike thing) worn on the feet. Important specializations of #$Shoe include #$Boot-Footwear, #$Sandal, #$Slipper, and #$CasualShoe. Note that instances of the collection #$Shoe are single shoes; pairs of shoes are instances of the collection (#$PairFn #$Shoe). SUMO: Clothing that is intended to be worn on the Foot. It consists of an upper, a sole, and a heel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoe' in WordNet: 1. (27) shoe - (footwear shaped to fit the foot (below the ankle) with a flexible upper of leather or plastic and a sole and heel of heavier material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShoeOrBoot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :ShoeBack :en "shoe back" ; :enn "shoe back" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShoeBack' is the rear part (of a ''Shoe'' that is behind and supports the ''Heel'' of the foot. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RearPartOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoe ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heel ; owl:onProperty :touchesDirectly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShoeHeel ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyAbove ] . :ShoeHeel :guid "bd58e1b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "heel1n" ; :wordnet "heel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of footwear heels. The part of a ''ShoeOrBoot'' that is under the foot ''Heel'' but not under the 'FootSole' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heel' in WordNet: 1. (6) heel - (the bottom of a shoe or boot; the back part of a shoe or boot that touches the ground and provides elevation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BottomSide, :HandSizedObject, :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ShoeOrBoot ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyBelow ; owl:someValuesFrom :Heel ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isNotaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sandal ] . :ShoeHighHeel :en "high heel" ; :guid "bd58ee08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Heels characteristic of some of women's shoes which make the woman look taller. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShoeHeel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WomansShoe ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters ] . :ShoeOrBoot :en "shoe or boot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShoeOrBoot'' is something that is either a ''Shoe''' or a ''Boot'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootwearItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShoeHeel ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :ShoePolish :wnsense "blacking1n", "shoe polish1n" ; :wordnet "blacking", "shoe polish" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance that is semisolid, used to make a smooth shiny surface on a shoe or other object with a leather-like surface. This is also called 'blacking' in WordNet, but that word is for any substance producing a black coating, and is represented in COSMO by the subtype ''BlackShoePolish''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'shoe polish' (including colors other than ''Black'') in Wordnet: 1. shoe polish, blacking - (a substance used to produce a shiny protective surface on footwear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PolishStuff, :SemiSolidSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PolishingShoes ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ] . :ShoeSole :en "shoe sole" ; :wnsense "sole1n" ; :wordnet "sole" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to *part* (for shoes) of noun sense 1 of 'sole' in WordNet: 1. (3) sole - (the underside of footwear or a golf club) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BottomSide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoe ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopSide ; owl:onProperty :isBelow ] . :Shoelace :guid "bd58eed6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lace1n", "shoelace1n" ; :wordnet "lace", "shoelace" ; a :FastenerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Lacing' that is for holding together two of the top front parts of a shoe or boot, to keep the shoe tight on the foot. Usually has a round cross-section, but can have some edges. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoelace' in Wordnet: 1. (1) shoelace, shoe lace, shoestring, shoe string - (a lace used for fastening shoes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lacing . :Shoo :hasComponentElement :WORD_Shoo ; :isaRepresentationOf :ShooSound ; a :Object, :Utterance ; rdfs:comment """An ''Uterance'' consisting of the word 'shoo'. This is usually uttered in a forceful way, to cause some animal (usually an insect) to go away. """ . :ShooSound :ldoce "whisper" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ShooSound'' is the ''Sound'' made by a person who is 'ShooingSomethingAway''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoo ; owl:onProperty :hasRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SayingShoo ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :ShooingSomethingAway :wnsense "shoo away1n", "shoo off1v", "shoo1v" ; :wordnet "shoo", "shoo away", "shoo off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is chasing away some animal (possibly people) by saying 'shoo' (or its equivalent in any language), and may include a gesture such as waving one's arm in the general direction that one wants the animal to go. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoo' in WordNet: 1. shoo off, shoo, shoo away - (drive away by crying 'shoo!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, :ChasingSomethingAway, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SayingShoo ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeavingaPlace ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :Shooter :wnsense "shooter2n", "shot14n" ; :wordnet "shooter", "shot" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: in WN a ''Shooter'' is a subtype of 'expert' but this type is for anyone with any level of skill who shoots a ''Firearm'', thereby propelling a ''Bullet'' - somewhere. The term 'shot' is used often in the sense depicted by the WN gloss - a good shot or poor shot, reflecting skill. That term could be broken out as a subtype, when needed. For a 'crack shot' (expert shooter' use the subtype ''Marksman'' Corresponds to part (for anyone who shoots a firearm) of noun sense 2 of 'shooter' in WordNet: 2. shot, shooter - (a person who shoots (usually with respect to their ability to shoot); 'he is a crack shot'; 'a poor shooter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShootingaFirearm ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Shooting :en "shooting" ; :ldoce "shoot", "shot" ; :wnsense "shoot3v", "shot3n" ; :wordnet "shoot", "shot" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subclass of Impelling where the patient is a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of PropellingDevice. For the sense of shooting that specifies the object shot at rather than the projectile fired, use 'ShootingSomething' Note: for the specific sense of 'shooting' a ''Firearm'', use substype ''ShootingaFirearm''. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 3 of 'shoot' and noun sense 3 of 'shot' in WordNet, but is not restricted to firearms; various devices may be used.: in WordNet: 3. (26) shoot - - (fire a shot) WN noun 'shot': 3. (280) shooting, shot - (the act of firing a projectile; 'his shooting was slow but accurate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CastingSomething, :Impelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropellingDevice ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ] . :ShootingAnArrow :en "shoot an arrow", "shooting an arrow" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShootingAnArrow'' is a ''Shooting'' where an ''Arrow'' is fired from a bow. NOTE that the end subEvent is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' but if the shooting misses the target, the Target will not be a participant in that ending subEvent. NOTE: although ''Archery'' has as its execution some ''ShootingAnArrow'', not *every* ''ShootingAnArrow'' is an execution of the sport - it could be part of hunting or war. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shooting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arrow ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom :Bow-Weapon ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :StrikingAnObjectEvent ] . :ShootingAtSomething :wnsense "shoot8v" ; :wordnet "shoot" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShootingAtSomething'' is a ''Shooting'' where the purpose of the Shooting is to strike something with the object propelled (usually a bullet or arrow or cannon ball or shell). This is an ''AttemptingActivity'' Corresponds to verb sense 8 of 'shoot' in WordNet: 8. (1) shoot - (throw or propel in a specific direction or towards a specific objective; 'shoot craps'; 'shoot a golf ball') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :Shooting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Projectile ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom :PropellingDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StrikingaTarget ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :ShootingSomething :ldoce "shoot" ; :wnsense "shoot1v", "shoot2v" ; :wordnet "shoot" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subclass of Impelling where a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of PropellingDevice, and strikes an Object; the Object struck is the patient (object of the 'hadThingAffected' relation). For the sense of shooting that specifies the projectile fired rather than the object shot at, use the parent type 'Shooting', which is referenced as the cause of the 'ShootingSomething' event. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'shoot' in WordNet: 1. (28) shoot, hit, pip - - (hit with a missile from a weapon) 2. (27) shoot, pip - - (kill by firing a missile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShootingAtSomething, :StrikingaTarget, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colliding ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shooting ] . :ShootingTarget :wnsense "butt5n", "target4n" ; :wordnet "butt", "target" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShootingTarget'' is a flat solid object from 1 to 4 feet wide that has concentric circles on one side with a solid-colored center circle called the ''Bulls-Eye'', which is the optimum point at which to shoot: hitting the center circle with the projectile (arrow or bullet or dart) is to score a ''BullsEye''. At indoor shooting ranges there may be targets that are stiff sheets of paper having similar concentric circles. This ''ShootingTarget'' type will include that kind of taget, but the archery targets should be distinguished from the paper targets. In different shooting ranges there may be different kinds of targets for practice. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'target' in WordNet: 4. (3) target, butt - (sports equipment consisting of an object set up for a marksman or archer to aim at) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsEquipment, :Target, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bulls-Eye ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :ShootingaFirearm :wnsense "gunfire1n", "gunshot1n", "shoot3v" ; :wordnet "gunfire", "gunshot", "shoot" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShootingaFirearm'' is a ''Shooting'' where a ''Bullet'' is propelled from a ''Firearm'' by an explosive charge. This includes older breech-loaded muskets and pistols. This Action produces a ''Gunshot'' sound. NOTE: this type represent a single sot of a ''Firearm''. Multiple shots in succesion are represente by ''Gunfire''. Corresponds to part (for bullets) of verb sense 3 of 'shoot' in WordNet: 3. (26) shoot - (fire a shot) WN noun 'gunshot': 1. (1) gunfire, gunshot - (the act of shooting a gun; 'the gunfire endangered innocent bystanders'; 'they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Popping, :Shooting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bullet ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom :Firearm ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gunshot ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :ShootingaPerson :en "shooting a person" ; :enn "shooting a person" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShootingaPerson'' is a ''ShootingSomething'' with a firearm of some kind that wounds or kills that Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShootingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firearm ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Shop :ldoce "shop" ; :wnsense "shop1n" ; :wordnet "shop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A (relatively) small RetailStore, or a small specialized part of a larger ''Store''. The borderline of size where a store is no longer a 'Shop' is fuzzy, but a whole department store is not a 'Shop'. (Specify square footage??) Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'shop' in RHW: 1. a retail store, esp. a small one. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'shop' in WordNet: 1. (9) shop, store - - (a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services; 'he bought it at a shop on Cape Cod') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RetailStore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyManagedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shopkeeper ] . :ShopRiteOfWatchung a :Business . :Shopkeeper :en "store-keeper" ; :ldoce "shopkeeper" ; :wnsense "shopkeeper1n", "storekeeper1n" ; :wordnet "shopkeeper", "storekeeper" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who owns or manages a Shop. @ToDo: express 'owns or manages a shop' in OWL? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shopkeeper' in WordNet: 1. (1) shopkeeper, tradesman, storekeeper, market keeper - - (a merchant who owns or manages a shop) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manager, :Merchant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shop ] . :Shopper :wnsense "shopper1n" ; :wordnet "shopper" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shopper'' is a ''Person'' that is, at the time of the assertion, in the act of''Shopping''. The term 'shopper' is used to refer to people who are shopping in some possible future or past time interval, which are included in this type (possible worlds can use present tense concepts). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shopper' in WordNet: 1. (1) shopper - (someone who visits stores in search of articles to buy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shopping ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Shopping :en "shopping" ; :ldoce "shop" ; :wnsense "browse1v", "buy at1v", "patronise1v", "patronize2v", "shop at1v", "shop1v", "shop2v", "shop3v" ; :wordnet "browse", "buy at", "patronise", "patronize", "shop", "shop at" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Shopping' is the activity of searching for objects that one wants or might want to buy, and may or may not include actual buying. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 'shop' in WordNet: 1. (7) shop - (do one's shopping; 'She goes shopping every Friday') 2. (1) patronize, patronise, shop, shop at, buy at, frequent, sponsor - - (do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of) 3. shop, browse - - (shop around; not necessarily buying; 'I don't need help, I'm just browsing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuyingRelatedActivity, :PreparingForSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buying ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ] . :ShoppingCart :guid "bd7765d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "cart" ; :wnsense "cart2n" ; :wordnet "cart" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$ShoppingCart is the collection of handcarts that are designed to hold dry goods for shoppers. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'cart' in WordNet: 2. (1) handcart, pushcart, cart, go-cart - (wheeled vehicle that can be pushed by a person; may have one or two or four wheels; 'he used a handcart to carry the rocks away'; 'their pushcart was piled high with groceries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cart, :Device-UserPowered, :MusclePoweredDevice-Pushed . :ShoppingMall :en "shopping area" ; :guid "c09545bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mall2n", "plaza2n", "shopping center1n", "shopping centre1n", "shopping mall1n" ; :wordnet "mall", "plaza", "shopping center", "shopping centre", "shopping mall" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A ''ShoppingMall'' is a ''MarketPlace'' in an ''UrbanArea'' that is not just an urban street, and not an outdoor market, where multiple ''Store''s are located, with at least one ''Promenade'' (possibly indoor) between sections. Includes CYC 'ShoppingDistrict': An area with shops and stores Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shopping mall' in WordNet: 1. plaza, mall, center, shopping mall, shopping center, shopping centre - (mercantile establishment consisting of a carefully landscaped complex of shops representing leading merchandisers; usually includes restaurants and a convenient parking area; a modern version of the traditional marketplace; 'a good plaza should have a movie house'; 'they spent their weekends at the local malls') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarketPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UrbanArea ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shopping ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShoppingMallBuilding ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ] . :ShoppingMallBuilding :guid "bd58ff48-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Building and #$ModernShelterConstruction. Each instance of #$ShoppingMallBuilding is a building that houses a number of retail store spaces. Important specializatins are #$StripMall and #$IndoorShoppingMall (qq.v.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailStore ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ] . :Shoprite a :RetailStore-ParentCompany . :Shore :guid "be0115a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shore" ; :wnsense "shore1n" ; :wordnet "shore" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''GeographicalRegion'' that is adjacent to a BodyOfWater. NOTE that the Shore is a subtype of 'GroundOrFloor', therefore is a FlatObject. Where mountains meet the ocean, the region that can be considered 'Shoreline' can only be that part that is still relatively flat, even if that part is very narrow in width. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shore' in WordNet: 1. (18) shore - (the land along the edge of a body of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, :GroundOrFloor, :LandTopographicalFeature, :OutdoorObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ] . :ShoreAndWater a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ShoreAndWater' is a 'RegionPair' in which one Region is a Shore and the other is a BodyOfWater. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RegionPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ] . :ShoreBird :guid "bd625a0f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coastal diving bird1n", "shore bird1n", "shorebird1n" ; :wordnet "coastal diving bird", "shore bird", "shorebird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Coastal bird: 'seabird' is too broad. This includes waders, so is broader than the Wordnet 'coastal diving bird'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'coastal diving bird' and sense 1 of 'shorebird' in WordNet: 1. coastal diving bird - (gull family; skimmer family; jaeger family; auk family) WN 'shorebird': 1. shorebird, shore bird, limicoline bird - (any of numerous wading birds that frequent mostly seashores and estuaries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird, :WildAnimal . :Shoreline :guid "be0115a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shoreline1n" ; :wordnet "shoreline" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The intangible line that separates a Shore from a BodyOfWater. The restriction requires that the land shore region and the BodyOfWater be explicitly represented as a 'ShoreAndWater', a subtype of RegionPair. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoreline' in WordNet: 1. shoreline - - (a boundary line between land and water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :GeographicalBoundary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :ShoreAndWater ] . :Short :isTheOppositeOf :Long ; :ldoce "short" ; :wnsense "short2adj" ; :wordnet "short" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Short is an attribute that specifies that something has a smaller than usual *physical* (not temporal - see ''Brief'') length relative to some average or expected or reference (comparison) value; the 'length' can be for physical objects that extend in space, such as coats or socks, or rods, or roads, or for documents (physical or abstract). It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'short' in WordNet: 2. (22) short - ((primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length; 'short skirts'; 'short hair'; 'the board was a foot short'; 'a short toss') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ShortBone :guid "c05616d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "os breve1n", "short bone1n" ; :wordnet "os breve", "short bone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'short bone' in WordNet: 1. (5) short bone, os breve - (a bone that is of approximately equal dimension in all directions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ShortBristle :wnsense "bristle1n" ; :wordnet "bristle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Bristle'' less than 2.5 cm in kength. This is to give better definitions for some common objects such as toothbrushes or nail brushes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bristle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :ShortBristles :en "bristles" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Group of ''ShortBristles'' on objects like toothbrushes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bristles, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ShortBristle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ShortCircuit :ldoce "short" ; :wnsense "short circuit1n", "short2n" ; :wordnet "short", "short circuit" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ShortCircuit' is a 'TouchingState' (an Event)that is not part of the design of an electrical device, and typically occurs untintentionally, as a malfunction of a device, but may be created intentionally. Whether accidental of intentional, it typically causes a malfunction of the device shorted out; the device can be any electrical circuit. This type of Event is considered as 'Unintended' - if it is deliberate, it must be classified by another term. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'short curcuit' and sense 2 of 'short' in WordNet: 2. short circuit, short - - (accidental contact between two points in an electric circuit that have a potential difference) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TouchingState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breakdown ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalConnection ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unintended ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ShortDistanceFootRace :CYC "ShortDistanceRunningEvent" ; :en "short distance footrace" ; :guid "bd58f4f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "CYC: 'ShortDistanceRunningEvent'" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Footrace ; owl:disjointWith :Marathon . :ShortDuration :ldoce "short" ; :wnsense "short1adj" ; :wordnet "short" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShortDuration'' is an attribute that specifies that something has a smaller than usual duration relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'short' in WordNet: 1. (43) short - (primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; 'a short life; 'a short flight'; 'a short holiday'; 'a short story'; 'only a few short months) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ShortLegOfArtifact :en "short leg" ; :wnsense "leg3n" ; :wordnet "leg" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ShortLegOfArtifact' is a 'eg' that forms one of the rod-like supports that support a low Artifact, as on trivet or low Flower stand. This is narrower, only part, of noun sense 3 of 'leg' (includes some artifacts that are not furniture) in WordNet: 3. (2) leg - (one of the supports for a piece of furniture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SmallSupportingStand ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters ] . :ShortMessage :en "brief message", "short message" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShortMessage''is a textual or verbal ''Message'' that is sufficiently small (''Short'') to be contained (in its physical representation) on one small sheet of paper such as a sheet from a notepad or a ''Postcard''. Maximim about one hundred words. This is the abstract document, so it could apply to messages on paper (as on a Postcard) or short voicemail or e-mail messages (or 'tweets'). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Message, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ShortProseWork a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AbstractText of a short (less than book length) prose textual work that is usually fictional. SUMO: (Article) A brief work of fiction, often bound with other short stories in a Book or Periodical.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProseLiteraryWork . :ShortSleeve :isDesignedToCover :UpperArm ; :wnsense "short sleeve1n" ; :wordnet "short sleeve" ; a :ClothingType, :CoveringType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShortSleeve'' is a ''SleeveOfGarment'' that is not long enough to cover the elbow. This can be part of a ''T-Shirt'' or a more dressy short-sleeve shirt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'short sleeve' in WordNet: 1. short sleeve - (a sleeve extending from the shoulder to the elbow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SleeveOfGarment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UpperArm ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortSleeveShirt ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ShortSleeveShirt :en "short sleeve shirt" ; :guid "c0fbdd20-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Shirt in which the two sleeves are not long enough to cover the elbow.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shirt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortSleeve ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortSleeved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ShortSleeved :en "short-sleeved" ; :enadj "short-sleeved" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtifactObject, :ShortSleeveShirt ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :ShortSleeve ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShortSleeved'' is the attribute of a Garment in which the sleeves are short (not covering extend the elbow or lower arm). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ShortStory :guid "bd5888e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "short story1n" ; :wordnet "short story" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AbstractText of a short work of fiction. 'short' here refers to he number of words - not exactly specified, but definitely fewer than 50,000. SUMO: A brief work of fiction, often bound with other short stories in a Book or Periodical. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'short story' in WordNet: 1. (3) short story - (a prose narrative shorter than a novel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalStory, :ShortProseWork, :Story . :ShortTail :en "short tail" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Animal ''Tail'' that is ''Short'' (shorter than the typical tail for animal of that size). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tail, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ShortTerm :wnsense "short-run1adj", "short-term1adj" ; :wordnet "short-run", "short-term" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ShortTerm'' is a subattribute of ''Temporary'' that charactrizes Situations of Actions that are intended to extend over some *relatively* short interval of time. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'short-term' in WordNet: 1. (5) short-run, short-term - (relating to or extending over a limited period; \"short-run planning\"; \"a short-term lease\"; \"short-term credit\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ShortTermMemory :wnsense "immediate memory1n", "short-term memory1n", "working memory1n" ; :wordnet "immediate memory", "short-term memory", "working memory" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShortTermMemory'' is an 'AbilityToRemember' that lasts for only a short time - it is the ability to hold several things together in the mind at the same time, before the ''Memory''s are committed to ''LongTermMemory''. The number of things that can be held in ''ShortTermMemory'' is limited - it is the subject of psychological research. NOTE that in WN this is a subtype of 'remembering' - aprocess, whereas here in COSMO it is classified as a 'capability' to remember - so it has a different parent type. This is not exactly the same as'working memory' but it is here conflated until more distinctions are needed. Wikipedia: Short-term memory (or 'primary' or 'active memory') is the capacity for holding, but not manipulating, a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time. For example, short-term memory can be used to remember a phone number that has just been recited. The duration of short-term memory (when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented) is believed to be in the order of seconds. The most commonly cited capacity is The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two (which is frequently referred to as Miller's Law), despite the fact that Miller himself stated that the figure was intended as 'little more than a joke' (Miller, 1989, page 401) and that Cowan (2001) provided evidence that a more realistic figure is 4+/-1 units. In contrast, long-term memory can hold an indefinite amount of information. Short-term memory should be distinguished from working memory, which refers to structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information (see details below). See also, from Wikipedia: 'The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information'[1] is one of the most highly cited papers in psychology.[2][3][4] It was published in 1956 in Psychological Review by the cognitive psychologist George A. Miller of Princeton University's Department of Psychology. It is often interpreted to argue that the number of objects an average human can hold in working memory is 7 +/- 2. This is frequently referred to as Miller's law. For more see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two This idea was put forward by Miller (1956) and he called it the magic number 7. He thought that short term memory could hold 7 (plus or minus 2 items) because it only had a certain number of 'slots' in which items could be stored. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'short-term memory' in WordNet: 1. short-term memory, STM, immediate memory - (what you can repeat immediately after perceiving it) WN noun 'working memory': 1. working memory - (memory for intermediate results that must be held during thinking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbilityToRemember . :Shortage :wnsense "deficit1n", "shortage1n", "shortfall1n" ; :wordnet "deficit", "shortage", "shortfall" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shortage'' is a ''LackingSomething'' where the something lacked is ''Needed'' for some purpose. This is *not* a *complete* lack of something, a state which is represented by ''Lack''. NOTE: this is a ''PersistentState'' in which the subject of the state is an agent that lacks something needed for some purpose; the ''NecessaryThing'' is present, but in too small an amount for that Purpose. The term 'Deficit' has a related meaning, but is used in COSMO as a quantitative measure of the Difference between required amount and available amount of some Resource. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortage' in WordNet: 1. (4) deficit, shortage, shortfall - (the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required; 'new blood vessels bud out from the already dilated vascular bed to make up the nutritional deficit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NecessaryThing ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deficient ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :ShortageOfFood :en "shortage of food" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''ShortageOfFood'' is a ''LackingSomething'' where the something lacked is ''Food'' sufficient to avoid serious hunger or starvation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LackingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :agentLacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfAnimals ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Shortbread :wnsense "shortbread cookie1n", "shortbread1n" ; :wordnet "shortbread", "shortbread cookie" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shortbread'' is a ''ButterCookie'' - an object, not a substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortbread' in WordNet: 1. shortbread, shortbread cookie - (very rich thick butter cookie) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ButterCookie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butter ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Shortcake :en "shortcake" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the small cake-like object including 'strawberry shortcake' - for the biscuit-like 'shortcake' see ''ShortcakeBiscuit''. RHW sense 1: 1, a cake made with a relatively large amount of butter or other shortening. NO sense in WN for this. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cake, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :ShortcakeBiscuit :wnsense "shortcake1n" ; :wordnet "shortcake" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the biscuit - for the cake-like 'shortcake' see ''Shortcake''. WN has only one sense of 'shortcake' - not the sense used in 'strawberry shortcake'. for that sense use ''Shortcake''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortcake' in WordNet: 1. shortcake - (very short biscuit dough baked as individual biscuits or a round loaf; served with sweetened fruit and usually whipped cream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biscuit, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SaltyTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :Shortcoming :wnsense "defect2n", "shortcoming1n" ; :wordnet "defect", "shortcoming" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shortcoming'' is an ''Imperfection'' that is not necessarily found in that type of thing, applied to objects or actions. It may or may not be able to be corrected. The term 'shortcoming' is usually used for qualities of People or their Actions or products. 'a defect in his character'. NOTE: the sense of 'defect' for Devices is represented by ''Flaw''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortcoming' in WordNet: 1. defect, shortcoming - (a failing or deficiency; 'that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlawedQuality, :Imperfection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flawed ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Shortcut :wnsense "crosscut2n", "cutoff2n", "shortcut1n" ; :wordnet "crosscut", "cutoff", "shortcut" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortcut' in WordNet: 1. (1) shortcut, cutoff, crosscut - (a route shorter than the usual one) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roadway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shorter ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ShortcutRoad :en "cut-off" ; :enn "cut-off" ; :wnsense "crosscut2n", "cutoff2n", "shortcut1n" ; :wordnet "crosscut", "cutoff", "shortcut" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShortcutRoad'' is a Roadway between two points that has a shorter distance than aother, more commonly used. It may be less commonly used because it has more turns than a main route, or goes over smaller streets. This contrasts with ''Detour'', a Roadway that is longer than the usual route. NOTE: this is not for a 'shortcut' that may be taken while walking. Need to add that?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortcut' in WordNet: 1. (1) shortcut, cutoff, crosscut - (a route shorter than the usual one) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roadway, :SubstituteThing . :Shortened :wnsense "shortened1adj", "shortened3adj", "shortened4adj" ; :wordnet "shortened" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Object having this attribute has been the Object of a ''Shortening'' Event. Includes all senses 1, 3, and 4 of adjective 'shortened' (sense 3 is the subattribute ''Abbreviated'') in Wordnet: 1. (1) sawed-off, sawn-off, shortened - (cut short; 'a sawed-off shotgun'; 'a sawed-off broomstick'; 'the shortened rope was easier to use') 3. telescoped, shortened - (shortened by or as if by means of parts that slide one within another or are crushed one into another; 'a miracle that anyone survived in the telescoped cars'; 'years that seemed telescoped like time in a dream') 4. cut, shortened - (with parts removed; 'the drastically cut film') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Shortening :guid "be8efc29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shorten1v", "shorten2v", "shorten3v", "shorten4v" ; :wordnet "shorten" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shortening'' is a 'Reduction' in the length of some Object. (this is not the substance used in cooking). NOTE that the object of this action acquires the attribute 'Shortened', but is not necessarily 'Short'. in CYC called a 'ShorteningEvent': In an instance of this collection, an object's length (#$lengthOfObject) is decreased by some amount. Includes transitive and intransitive verb senses 1,2, 3, and 4 'shorten' in WordNet: 1. (6) shorten - (make shorter than originally intended; reduce or retrench in length or duration; 'He shortened his trip due to illness') 2. (3) abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce - (reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; 'The manuscript must be shortened') 3. shorten - (make short or shorter; 'shorten the skirt'; 'shorten the rope by a few inches') 4. shorten - (become short or shorter; 'In winter, the days shorten') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contracting, :ImpartingAnAttribute, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shortened ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lengthening ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Shorter :en "shorter" ; :enadj "shorter" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shorter'' is an attribute that characterizes something that has a physical ''Length'' that is less than some reference Object. This is not directly represented in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Shortlist :wnsense "short list1n", "shortlist1n" ; :wordnet "short list", "shortlist" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shortlist'' is a ''ListOfPeople'', that is smaller than a larger ListOfPeople who are being considered for some assignment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortlist' in WordNet: 1. short list, shortlist - (a list of applicants winnowed from a longer list who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ListOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Applicant :Candidate ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :Shorts :wnsense "short pants1n", "shorts1n", "trunks1n" ; :wordnet "short pants", "shorts", "trunks" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shorts' in WordNet: 1. (1) short pants, shorts, trunks - (trousers that end at or above the knee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pants . :Shortstop :wnsense "shortstop1n" ; :wordnet "shortstop" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Shortstop'' is neither an 'outfielder' nor a ''BaseballPitcher'' nor a 'BaseballCatcher' nor a 'baseman' but plays at a position between second and third base, just outside the infield. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shortstop' in WordNet: 1. (4) shortstop - ((baseball) the person who plays the shortstop position) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballGame ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :ShotAtaGoal :ldoce "shot" ; :wnsense "shot1n" ; :wordnet "shot" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ShotAtaGoal' is an 'Attempt' to score in some game by propelling an object (basketball, hockey puck) at some goal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shot' in WordNet: WN noun 'shot': 1. (759) shot - - (an attempt to score in a game) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attempt . :Shotgun :guid "bd62867f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scattergun1n", "shotgun1n" ; :wordnet "scattergun", "shotgun" ; a :RifleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all shotguns. Disjoint with #$Rifle. Unlike rifles, shotguns have smooth bores and are designed to fire clusters of small lead pellets, or shot. As a hunting weapon, they are primarily used for small fast moving targets, such as birds and rabbits. They are also useful in close-quarters combat situations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shotgun' in WordNet: 1. (2) shotgun, scattergun - (firearm that is a double-barreled smoothbore shoulder weapon for firing shot at short ranges) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Firearm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handgun ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShotgunShell ; owl:onProperty :consumes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PelletShot ; owl:onProperty :propels ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RifleStock ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :ShotgunShell :wnsense "shotgun shell1n" ; :wordnet "shotgun shell" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shotgun shell' in WordNet: 1. shotgun shell - (a shell containing lead shot; used in shotguns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProjectileShellAssembly, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PelletShot ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shotgun ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Shoulder :guid "bd588233-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shoulder" ; :wnsense "shoulder1n" ; :wordnet "shoulder" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The region of the body where the arm joins the torso. SUMO: The part of a Primate between the Arm and the neck. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoulder' in WordNet: 1. (66) shoulder - (the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart . :ShoulderAndElbow :en "shoulder and elbow" ; :enn "shoulder and elbow" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ShoulderAndElbow' is a 'PairOfObjects' contining one elbow and one Shoulder (in the same side of the body. This type helps define an''UpperArm'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PairOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoulder ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elbow ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ShoulderBone :guid "bd58e2d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scapula1n", "shoulder blade1n", "shoulder bone1n" ; :wordnet "scapula", "shoulder blade", "shoulder bone" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Scapula': The collection of all shoulder blades. Each individual #$Scapula is a #$Bone-BodyPart that lies within the #$Shoulder, connecting the #$Humerus to the bones of the #$Torso. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoulder bone' in WordNet: 1. scapula, shoulder blade, shoulder bone - (either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoulder ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :ShoulderStrap :wnsense "shoulder strap1n" ; :wordnet "shoulder strap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CarryStrap'' that can support a bag or case (''Case-Container'') from the shoulder while carrying the bag. Maximium length less than 6 feet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shoulder strap' in Wordnet: 1. strap, shoulder strap - (a band that goes over the shoulder and supports a garment or bag) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarryStrap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "200"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "20"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoulder ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ] . :Shouting :en "shouting", "yelling" ; :guid "bd58b667-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "shout" ; :wnsense "scream2v", "shout1v", "yell2v" ; :wordnet "scream", "shout", "yell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Shouting' is a Communication in which someone speaks very loudly, to be heard at a distance, or to be heard over background noise, or in anger, or for emphasis. Includes verb senses 1 and 3, and part of verb sense 2 of 'shout', and verb sense 2 of 'scream' and sense 2 of 'yell' in WordNet: WN 'shout' 1. (39) shout - - (utter in a loud voice; talk in a loud voice (usually denoting characteristic manner of speaking); 'My grandmother is hard of hearing - - you'll have to shout') 2. (18) shout, shout out, cry, call, yell, scream, holler, hollo, squall - - (utter a sudden loud cry; 'she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle'; 'I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me') WN 'scream' 2. (2) yell, scream - - (utter or declare in a very loud voice; 'You don't have to yell - - I can hear you just fine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CallingOut, :MakingAnOralSound, :SpokenCommunicating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Shovel :guid "bd58ffc3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shovel1n" ; :wordnet "shovel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Shovel' is a hand tool used for moving loose granular material from one location to another, and (in the case of the subtype 'Spade') for digging into the ground and creating holes - for various purposes. The Cyc definition is what is called a 'Spade' in COSMO - a Shovel with a pointed tip. A hand tool used for cutting or moving soft or granulated materials like soil and sand. Comprised of a long handle and a concave head with a sharp edge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shovel' in WordNet: 1. (2) shovel - (a hand tool for lifting loose material; consists of a curved container or scoop and a handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandTool, :HardwareTool, :LongHandledTool, :SimpleTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShovelBlade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :ShovelBlade :en "shovel blade" ; :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade8n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShovelBlade'' is the broad flat end of a ''Shovel'' that is shoved into some granular substance to move or remove a portion to some different location.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToolBlade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shovel ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shovel ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :ShovingaPerson :wnsense "jostle1v", "jostle2v", "shove1n", "shove1v", "shove2v" ; :wordnet "jostle", "shove" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShovingaPerson'' is a ''PushingEvent'' in which one Person 'pushes' another person (applies force enough to be pereptible to the other person,and often to move that other person's body). Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'shove' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'jostle' in WordNet: 1. (6) jostle, shove - (come into rough contact with while moving; 'The passengers jostled each other in the overcrowded train') 2. (5) shove - (push roughly; 'the people pushed and shoved to get in line') WN verb 'jostle': 1. (1) jostle - (make one's way by jostling, pushing, or shoving; 'We had to jostle our way to the front of the platform') 2. jostle, shove - (come into rough contact with while moving; 'The passengers jostled each other in the overcrowded train') WN noun 'shove': 1. shove - (the act of shoving (giving a push to someone or something); 'he gave the door a shove') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PushingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ] . :ShowProducer :wnsense "producer2n" ; :wordnet "producer" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShowProducer'' is a Person who organizes and finds financing for a show of some kind - play, movie, or other. There may be more than one ''Producer'' of a Show, in which case they are co-producers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'producer' in WordNet: 2. (5) producer - (someone who finds financing for and supervises the making and presentation of a show (play or film or program or similar work)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creator, :EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProducingaShow ] . :ShowRoom :wnsense "saleroom1n", "salesroom1n", "showroom1n" ; :wordnet "saleroom", "salesroom", "showroom" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShowRoom'' is a ''Room'' where Objects for sale (not necessarily at the same site) are displayed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'showroom' in WordNet: 1. (1) showroom, salesroom, saleroom - (an area where merchandise (such as cars) can be displayed; 'in England a showroom is called a salesroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Merchandise ; owl:onProperty :containsObjects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViewingMerchandise ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ] . :Shower :wnsense "rain shower1n", "shower1n" ; :wordnet "rain shower", "shower" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''RainEvent'' that has a relatively shorter duration and usually lower intensity of precipitation of water that other ''RainEvent''s. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shower' in WordNet: 3. (1) shower, rain shower - (a brief period of precipitation; 'the game was interrupted by a brief shower') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RainEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ShowerCurtain :guid "c0fd51e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shower curtain1n" ; :wordnet "shower curtain" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The collection of all curtains, usually made from (#$SolidFn #$Plastic), hung from a #$ShowerCurtainRod with #$ShowerCurtainRings and used in instances of #$TakingAShower to prevent water from leaving the #$ShowerStall. This may be in a ''ShowerFixture'' with a bathtub or in a stand-up shower. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'shower curtain' in Wordnet: 1. shower curtain - (a curtain that keeps water from splashing out of the shower area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curtain, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :PortalCovering, :SinglePurposeDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DraperyHook ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShowerFixture ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :ShowerCurtainRing :guid "c0fd5a76-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A circular object designed to fit around a shower curtain rod and through the holes in a ShowerCurtain.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CircularObject, :DurableGood, :Fastener, :NonPoweredDevice, :SmallObject, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShowerCurtain ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :ShowerFixture :wnsense "shower1n" ; :wordnet "shower" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShowerFixture'' is a ''PlumbingFixture'' with a 'shower head' that sprays water into the interor of the fixture (a enclosed ''Chamber'') NOTE that a ''ShowerFixture'' may have a tub to collect the water. IT becomes an enclosed ''Chamber'' when a ''ShowerCurtain'' is drawn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shower' in WordNet: 1. (5) shower - (a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you; 'they installed a shower in the bathroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chamber, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :PlumbingFixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SprayingWater ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Showering ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Showering :guid "bd589bfe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shower3v" ; :wordnet "shower" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Showering'' is a form of ''PersonalWashing'' with water coming from above the body and draining out the bottom of the shower fixture. This has much the same effect as 'Bathing'' but performed in a 'ShowerFixture'' usually standing up, but possibly sitting. CYC: 'TakingAShower': The collection of all taking-a-shower events. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'shower' in WordNet: 3. (2) shower - (take a shower; wash one's body in the shower; \"You should shower after vigorous exercise\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalWashing, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShowerFixture ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SprayingWater ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Showing :en "show" ; :env "show" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Showing' is a form of ''BeingVisible'' for objects that are visible or partly visible though they are often completely obscured or hidden by other objects in front of them. There is no WN synset that quite captures this motion. RHW intransitive sense 14 of 'show': 14. to be seen; be or become visible: Does my slip show? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingVisible . :ShowingFavoritism :isTheOppositeOf :Impartial ; :wnsense "favoritism1n", "favouritism1n" ; :wordnet "favoritism", "favouritism" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShowingFavoritism'' is a subtype of ''Partial'' indicating a disposition to discriminatein favor of certain people. NOTE: this is a qualitative attribute but the 'disposition' should be a ''Trait'' (an AttributeType,not an AttributeValue. @@ToDo: needs reorganization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'favoritism' in WordNet: 1. favoritism, favouritism - (an inclination to favor some person or group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Partial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discrimination ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ] . :ShowingSomething :en "demonstrating", "exhibiting", "showing" ; :ldoce "show" ; :wnsense "demonstrate1v", "demonstration5n", "exhibit3v", "show1n", "show1v", "show2n" ; :wordnet "demonstrate", "demonstration", "exhibit", "show" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ShowingSomething' is an Action in which some Animal performs some act that is intended to be seen by other agents, or causes some ''Scene'' that is intended to be seen. This includes showing an action as well as showing objects. 'Showing how to' and 'PointingToSomething' are also included. For the sense of 'show' as in'the clock show the time' use 'DisplayingInformation' This sense corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'show' and noun sense 5 of 'demonstration' in WordNet: 1. (134) show, demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate - - (show or demonstrate something to an interested audience; 'She shows her dogs frequently'; 'We will demo the new software in Washington') WN noun 'show': 1. (18) show - (the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining; 'a remarkable show of skill') WN noun 'demonstration': 5. demonstration, demo - (a visual presentation showing how something works; 'the lecture was accompanied by dramatic demonstrations'; 'the lecturer shot off a pistol as a demonstration of the startle response') WN noun 'show': 2. (9) display, show - (something intended to communicate a particular impression; 'made a display of strength'; 'a show of impatience'; 'a good show of looking interested') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposingToView, :MakingSomethingNoticeable, :VisualInformationGeneratingAct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :View ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :ShowingSupportForSomething :guid "bd59076c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "support1v", "support2n", "support2v", "support3v" ; :wordnet "support" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShowingSupportForSomething'' is an Action in which one IntelligentAgent 'shows' feelings of approval as well as wishes for success, in some form (e.g. by simple communication, direct personal assistance, financial contribution, voting for a person or cause, attending rallies or demonstrations, or by performing any action that the supporter beieves will help someone or some organization, or advance a cause). ''ProvidingMaterialSupport'' (e.g. financial) is a subtype. CYC: ShowingSupportForSomeone'): The collection of events in which one #$Agent shows support for another #$Agent (the #$beneficiary). Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'support' in WordNet: 1. (26) support, back up - (give moral or psychological support, aid, or courage to; 'She supported him during the illness'; 'Her children always backed her up') 2. (16) support - (support materially or financially; 'he does not support his natural children'; 'The scholarship supported me when I was in college') 3. (14) back, endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support - (be behind; approve of; 'He plumped for the Labor Party'; 'I backed Kennedy in 1960') WN noun 'support': 2. (9) support - (aiding the cause or policy or interests of; \"the president no longer had the support of his own party'; 'they developed a scheme of mutual support\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SociabilityBasedAction . :Showtime :wnsense "showtime1n" ; :wordnet "showtime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Showtime'' is the 'StartingTime' for an ''EntertainmentPerformance''. RHW 'showtime': the time at which an entertainment is scheduled to begin. Corresponds approximately to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'showtime' in WordNet: 1. beginning, commencement, first, outset, get-go, start, kickoff, starting time, showtime, offset - (the time at which something is supposed to begin; 'they got an early start'; 'she knew from the get-go that he was the man for her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StartingTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EntertainmentPerformance ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingTimeOf ] . :Showy :wnsense "showy1adj", "splashy2adj" ; :wordnet "showy", "splashy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'showy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) showy, splashy - (marked by ostentation but often tasteless; 'a cheap showy rhinestone bracelet'; 'a splashy half-page ad') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ostentatious, :TastelesslyVulgar . :Shred :wnsense "shred2n", "tag end1n", "tag2n", "tatter1n" ; :wordnet "shred", "tag", "tag end", "tatter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shred'' is a ''PieceOfAnObject'' created by some kind of cutting or tearing process. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shred' in WordNet: 2. rag, shred, tag, tag end, tatter - (a small piece of cloth or paper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PieceOfCloth :PaperObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSmallPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PieceOfCloth :PaperObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeparationEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :ShreddedWheat :en "shredded wheat" ; :isDerivedFrom :WheatPlant ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wheat-Foodstuff'' procesed into shreds. RHW: a breakfast cereal made by shredding cooked, dried whole wheat and baking or toasting it in biscuit- or spoon-size pieces. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealFood, :CoarseMeal, :FibrousSubstance, :Wheat-Foodstuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WheatPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :ShreddedWheatBiscuit :en "shredded wheat biscuit", "shredded-wheat-biscuit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single ''ShreddedWheatBiscuit'' is a ''BarOfStuff'' about finger-sized, made of ''ShreddedWheat'' In the overlapping size ranges of ''HandSizedObject'' and ''MarbleSizedObject'', so it is a subtype of both size types """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarOfStuff, :FoodObject, :HandSizedObject, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShreddedWheat ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :Shredder :guid "bdbe5791-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shredder1n" ; :wordnet "shredder" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shredder' in WordNet: 1. shredder - (a device that shreds documents (usually in order to prevent the wrong people from reading them)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, :DurableGood, :ElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShreddingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ShreddingEvent :guid "bd58e23d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "rip up1v", "shred1v", "tear up1v" ; :wordnet "rip up", "shred", "tear up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent and #$SeparationEvent. In each instance of #$ShreddingEvent, some item or items are destroyed by a large number of ripping (see the collection #$Ripping) sub-events. An example would be the tearing of office files into tiny pieces by a machine designed for that purpose. A shirt suddenly tearing due to pressure applied by the wearer's muscles would, however, not be an instance of #$ShreddingEvent, but only of #$Ripping. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shred' in WordNet: 1. (1) shred, tear up, rip up - (tear into shreds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalDestructionEvent, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Document-Physical ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shred ; owl:minCardinality "5" ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Shrew :wnsense "shrew1n", "shrewmouse1n" ; :wordnet "shrew", "shrewmouse" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shrew' in WordNet: 2. shrew, shrewmouse - (small mouselike mammal with a long snout; related to moles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insectivore, :Mammal, :TerrestrialOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouse ; owl:onProperty :resembles ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insect ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongSnout ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Shrewd :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "astute1adj", "sharp4adj", "shrewd1adj" ; :wordnet "astute", "sharp", "shrewd" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Shrewd' is a subtype of the attribute 'Clever' that is also ''Pragmatic''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'shrewd' in Wordnet: 1. (2) astute, sharp, shrewd - (marked by practical hardheaded intelligence; 'a smart businessman'; 'an astute tenant always reads the small print in a lease'; 'he was too shrewd to go along with them on a road that could lead only to their overthrow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clever, :Pragmatic . :Shrieking :wnsense "scream1n", "screaming1n", "screech1n", "screeching2n", "shriek1n", "shrieking1n" ; :wordnet "scream", "screaming", "screech", "screeching", "shriek", "shrieking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: a loud, sharp, shrill cry. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shrieking' in WordNet: 1. (1) scream, screaming, shriek, shrieking, screech, screeching - (sharp piercing cry; 'her screaming attracted the neighbors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingEmotion, :Shouting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighPitch ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dismaying ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute ] . :Shrimp :guid "bd58b41e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prawn1n", "shrimp2n", "shrimp3n" ; :wordnet "prawn", "shrimp" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :NaturalResourceType, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Edible shrimp RHW: 1. any of several small, long-tailed, chiefly marine crustaceans of the decapod suborder Natania, certain species of which are used as food. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'shrimp' in WordNet: 2. prawn, shrimp - (any of various edible decapod crustaceans) 3. shrimp - (small slender-bodied chiefly marine decapod crustaceans with a long tail and single pair of pincers; many species are edible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crustacean, :MeatBearingAnimal . :Shrine :wnsense "shrine1n" ; :wordnet "shrine" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shrine'' is not necessarily a building, but might be.. This Needs another subtype ('ShrineBuilding') to discriminate ''ReligiousBuilding''s that are called 'shrines'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shrine' in WordNet: 1. (1) shrine - (a place of worship hallowed by association with some sacred thing or person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousStructure . :Shrinking :en "shrinking" ; :enadj "shrinking" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :Growing ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Shrinking is a subAttribute of ''Decreasing'' for things (objects, attributes) that are becoming smaller in some sense of 'size'. This can apply, for example, to people who are getting smaller as they get older, or inflated balloons that are losing gas, or 'opportunities' that are becoming fewer in number or probability. Use of this attribute suggests that the speaker has a mental image of the shrinking object as something having a perceptible size, physical or abstract. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decreasing . :ShrinkingEvent :eng "shrinking" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :Expanding ; :wnsense "contract4v", "reduce7v", "shrink1v", "shrink3v", "shrink4v" ; :wordnet "contract", "reduce", "shrink" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ShrinkingEvent''is a 'DecreaseEvent' in which some PhysicalObject becomes smaller in Volume. This can be due to ''ApplyingAPressure'' or due to cooling, or (as with plants) due to loss of moisture or other permeating liquid. 'a shrunken skull' Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'shrink' in WordNet: 1. (3) shrivel, shrivel up, shrink, wither - (wither, as with a loss of moisture; 'The fruit dried and shriveled') 3. (2) shrink, reduce - (reduce in size; reduce physically; 'Hot water will shrink the sweater'; 'Can you shrink this image?') 4. (1) shrink, contract - (become smaller or draw together; 'The fabric shrank'; 'The balloon shrank') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contracting, :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expanding ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shrunken ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Shroud :wnsense "cerement1n", "pall2n", "shroud3n", "winding-clothes1n", "winding-sheet1n" ; :wordnet "cerement", "pall", "shroud", "winding-clothes", "winding-sheet" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Shroud'' is a ''BurialGarment'' that covers the entire body of a 'Corpse''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shroud' in WordNet: 3. pall, shroud, cerement, winding-sheet, winding-clothes - (burial garment in which a corpse is wrapped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BurialGarment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanCorpse ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :ShroudOfTurin :en "shroud of Turin" ; :isOwnedBy :CatholicChurch ; a :Shroud . :Shrug :wnsense "shrug1n" ; :wordnet "shrug" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Shrug'' is a ''Gesture'' made by a person, when the shoulders are both raised momentarily, usually without any other body motion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shrug' in WordNet: 1. (3) shrug - (a gesture involving the shoulders) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Shrugging ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Shrugging :wnsense "MakingAGesture1v" ; :wordnet "MakingAGesture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shrugging'' is a ''MakingAGesture'' made by a person, when the shoulders are both raised momentarily, usually without any other body motion. Raising only one shoulder could be a shrug, though it usually is done by both shoulders. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shrug' in WordNet: 1. (10) shrug - (raise one's shoulders to indicate indifference or resignation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoulder ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :Shrunken :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ShrinkingEvent ; :wnsense "shrunk1adj", "shrunken3adj" ; :wordnet "shrunk", "shrunken" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the reason for reduction in size can be any Action or Event that causes the shrinking, not just as in the WN gloss 'being drawn together'. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 3 of 'shrunken' in Wordnet: 3. shrunk, shrunken - (reduced in size by being drawn together; 'the shrunken dress was entirely too tight to wear') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Shuddering :en "shuddering" ; :ldoce "shudder" ; :wnsense "shiver1v", "shudder2n", "shudder2v", "thrill3v", "throb3v", "tremor1n" ; :wordnet "shiver", "shudder", "thrill", "throb", "tremor" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Shuddering' is a 'ShakingMotion' that originates within an Object, rather than being caused by the action of something external. This type is usually used to described shuddering of people, but the shaking of machines in some cases will be described as a 'Shuddering' ('the truck shuddered to a halt'). Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'shudder' and noun sense 1 of 'tremor' in WordNet, but includes shuddering of machines as well as animals: in WordNet: 2. (3) shudder, shiver, throb, thrill - (tremble convulsively, as from fear or excitement) WN noun 'tremor': 1. (2) tremor, shudder - (an involuntary vibration (as if from illness or fear)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :ShakingMotion . :ShufflingCards :wnsense "make2n", "mix6v", "shuffle1n", "shuffle3v", "shuffling2n" ; :wordnet "make", "mix", "shuffle", "shuffling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (for a deck of cards) of verb sense 3 of 'shuffle' in WordNet: 3. shuffle, ruffle, mix - (mix so as to make a random order or arrangement; 'shuffle the cards') WN noun 'shuffling': 1. shuffle, shuffling, make - (the act of mixing cards haphazardly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reordering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeckOfCards ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Randomized ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingACardGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :ShufflingWalk :wnsense "scuffle1v", "shamble1n", "shamble1v", "shambling1n", "shuffle1n", "shuffle1v", "shuffling1n" ; :wordnet "scuffle", "shamble", "shambling", "shuffle", "shuffling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shuffling' in WordNet: 2. shamble, shambling, shuffle, shuffling - (walking with a slow dragging motion without lifting your feet; 'from his shambling I assumed he was very old') WN verb 'shuffle': 1. (4) shuffle, scuffle, shamble - (walk by dragging one's feet; 'he shuffled out of the room'; 'We heard his feet shuffling down the hall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess . :Shush :en "shush" ; :enn "shush" ; :hasComponentElement :WORD_Shush ; :isaRepresentationOf :ShushSound ; a :Object, :Utterance ; rdfs:comment """The word 'shush'. This is usually uttered in a forceful way, to encourage people who are talking to stop talking. """ . :ShushSound :ldoce "whisper" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ShushSound'' is the ''Sound'' made by a person who is 'SayingShush'' when ''ShushingPeople''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SayingShush ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :ShushingPeople :wnsense "shush1v" ; :wordnet "shush" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShushingPeople'' is a 'SilencingPeople' by uttering ''Shush''. This may not be successful, so probably should be an attempting action. change intensity Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shush' in WordNet: 1. shush - (silence (someone) by uttering 'shush!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SilencingPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuietingDown ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Shutout :guid "bf2c6154-3a19-41d7-961c-a37cd78b5328" ; :wnsense "shutout1n" ; :wordnet "shutout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'shutout' is viewed by WN as a 'defeat' - but it is also a 'win' for the other team. This is here classified as a ''ContestResult''. CYC: A #$Shutout occurs in team sports when the losing team does not score at all during a game. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shutout' in WordNet: 1. shutout, skunk - (a defeat in a game where one side fails to score) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContestResult, :DualScoreEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShutoutScore ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ] . :ShutoutScore a :EventType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ShutoutScore'' is a ''DualFinalScore'' in which one of the scores (the ''LosingScore'') is zero.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DualFinalScore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ZeroScore ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ] . :ShuttingDownAnActivity :wnsense "close down1v", "close up1v", "closedown1n", "closevn", "closing4n", "closure7n", "fold4v", "shut down1v", "shutdown1n" ; :wordnet "close", "close down", "close up", "closedown", "closing", "closure", "fold", "shut down", "shutdown" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ShuttingDownAnActivity'' is an 'EndingOfAnEvent' in which some ''HumanGroupActivity'' (of any kind) that continued for more than one hour (wasn't quickly over) comes to an end that was not predetermined by a schedule or by rules (as in a game). This ending may be the natural or optional ending of that kind of activity that is performed by more than one Person; it may come to a normal expected end because it accomplished its goal, or may be terminated sooner than it might otherwise for any of various reasons, such as the realization that it will not accomplish its goal or that there are better ways to accomplish the goal, or the goal no longer seems important or relevant or necessary. However, if it is a *premature* or unexpected ending of an activity that might have continued to a useful goal, use the subtype ''PrematureTermination''. The difference between this and ''PrematureTermination'' may not be clear in some cases. \" Implementation \" \"BusinessOperation\" Examples: ending a business operation; Borderline cases: ending a clinical trial because of adverse effects or clear evidence of effectiveness. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'shutdown' in WordNet: 7. closure, closedown, closing, shutdown - (termination of operations; 'they regretted the closure of the day care center') WN verb 'shut down': 1. (2) close up, close, fold, shut down, close down - (cease to operate or cause to cease operating; 'The owners decided to move and to close the factory'; 'My business closes every night at 8 P.M.'; 'close up the shop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndingOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanGroupActivity ] . :Shuttlecock :wnsense "birdie2n", "shuttle1n", "shuttlecock1n" ; :wordnet "birdie", "shuttle", "shuttlecock" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An approximately cone-shaped artifact that is designed to be struck bya badminton racquet and to fly gently to an opponent's position. The wider part is made of light material such as plastic or feathers, Onl the poined end is solid, and the wider part of the cone is closer to a sheet/ @ToDO: add a shape of this kind?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shuttlecock' in WordNet: 1. shuttlecock, bird, birdie, shuttle - (badminton equipment consisting of a ball of cork or rubber with a crown of feathers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameArtifact, :HandSizedObject, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BadmintonGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :ShuttlingBackAndForth :en "shuttling" ; :wnsense "shuttle1v" ; :wordnet "shuttle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ShuttlingBackAndForth'' is any translation motion that moves to one location and back to the original location at intervals, not necessarily 'periodic' the sense of being at *regular* intervals. This can be linear motion or a rotating motion that reverses periodicaly. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'shuttle' in WordNet: 1. (2) shuttle - (travel back and forth between two points) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationProcess, :Oscillating . :Shy :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Shyness ; :wnsense "diffident2adj", "shy1adj", "unsure2adj" ; :wordnet "diffident", "shy", "unsure" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shy'' is an attribute of someone who is feeling ''Shyness'', a Feeling that makes a person reluctant to engage in social interaction due to some degree of Fear that that person may become embarrassed or give offense to others. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'shy' in WordNet: 1. (3) diffident, shy, timid, unsure - (lacking self-confidence; 'stood in the doorway diffident and abashed'; 'problems that call for bold not timid responses'; 'a very unsure young man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Timid . :Shyness :guid "bd589d0e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diffidence1n", "self-distrust1n", "self-doubt1n", "shyness1n" ; :wordnet "diffidence", "self-distrust", "self-doubt", "shyness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Shyness'' is a ''Timidity'' in intersocial interactions - a reluctance to participate due to fear of embarrassment or of giving offense.. CYC 'diffidence': Unsure of himself. Emotion of a person who feels hesitant, lacking self-confidence. Distrust in my own ability, opinions or powers Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shyness' in WordNet: 1. shyness - (a feeling of fear of embarrassment) WN noun 'diffidence': 1. diffidence, self-doubt, self-distrust - (lack of self-confidence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Doubt, :Humility, :Timidity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SelfConfidence ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Sib :en "sib" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfPeople, related by common descent on either the father's or mother's side. This is a technical term used in Anthropology. HRAF (614: SIBS): Presence of unilinear kin groups of traditional, but not actually traceable, common descent; number and distribution; affiliation (e.g., matrilineal, patrilineal); regulation of marriage (e.g., exogamy, agamy, endogamy); distinguishing characteristics (e.g., names, insignia, totemism, food taboos); origin and traditions; organization; headship and succession; prerogatives and obligations of members; solidarity and group responsibility; common property and cult; relationship to clans; unilinear kin groups intermediate between sibs and phratries; relations between sibs; etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KinshipGroup . :Sic :wnsense "sic1adv" ; :wordnet "sic" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sic'' is taken from the Latin, meaning 'thus' (in that manner), characterizing a preceding word or phrase to mean that that phrase is quoted corectly, and may have been written that way intentionally.. NOTE: the WN gloss mentions that it modifies a word or phrase 'intentionally' written, but it also is used to assert that the thing characterized was qoted corectly. In RHW 'sic': so; thus: usually written parenthetically to denote that a word, phrase, passage, etc., that may appear strange or incorrect has been written intentionally or has been quoted verbatim: He signed his name as e. e. cummings (sic). Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) sic - (intentionally so written (used after a printed word or phrase)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :SiccingaDogOnSomeone :wnsense "set19v", "sic1v" ; :wordnet "set", "sic" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SiccingaDogOnSomeone'' is an Action in which a Person does something - usually voicing some words but possibly making a gesture - that is intended to cause a ''Dog'' to attack another Person. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sic' in WordNet: 1. sic, set - (urge a dog to attack someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UrgingAnAnimalToAct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttackDog ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Assault ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Sick :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :AilmentCondition ; :ldoce "ill", "sick" ; :wnsense "ailing1adj", "ill1adj", "sick1adj" ; :wordnet "ailing", "ill", "sick" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sick is an AttributeValue of an organism that is in an AilmentCondition state. In COSMO this is very general, including those who are merely experiencing a dull ache. It is the opposite of 'Healthy'. Plants can be 'sick' so this is not specifically an AnimalAttributeValue. This is a synonym of 'ill' and 'ailing'. The term 'unwell' may also be used in the same sense. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sick' and sense 1 of 'ill' and includes part of adj sense 1 of 'ailing' (doesn't include 'prone to illness') in WordNet: 1. (9) ill, sick - (affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function; 'ill from the monotony of his suffering') WN adj 'ailing': 1. (2) ailing, indisposed, peaked, poorly, sickly, unwell, under the weather, seedy - (somewhat ill or prone to illness; 'my poor ailing grandmother'; 'feeling a bit indisposed today'; 'you look a little peaked'; 'feeling poorly'; 'a sickly child'; 'is unwell and can't come to work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abnormal . :SickPerson :wnsense "diseased person1n", "sick person1n", "sufferer1n" ; :wordnet "diseased person", "sick person", "sufferer" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SickPerson'' .is someone who has an ''AilmentCondition'', i.e. has attribute ''Sick''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sick person' in WordNet: 1. sick person, diseased person, sufferer - (a person suffering from an illness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AilmentCondition ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheSubjectOfState ; owl:someValuesFrom :AilmentCondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sickle :wnsense "sickle1n" ; :wordnet "sickle" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device which consists of a short handle, and a head having a curved knife blade for reaping tall crops by cutting at the base, can be used with one hand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sickle' in Wordnet: 1. sickle, reaping hook, reap hook - (an edge tool for cutting grass or crops; has a curved blade and a short handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingDevice, :HandTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CurvedBlade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReapingCrops ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Side :guid "c0f4873f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "side" ; :wnsense "side4n" ; :wordnet "side" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Surface-Physical. Each instance of #$Side is a surface of some partially tangible object, and serves as a boundary between the inside and outside of that object. A 'side' is typically nearly flat, but in any case needs to be distinguishable by some edge. A sheet will have only two sides, but polygons may have many sides. Sides may be irregular and noticeably curved, such as the top side or bottom side of a vehicle, but this type focuses on the surface of the object, as long as some distinction of 'sides' is possible. Includes noun senses 4 and 5 of 'side' in WordNet: 4. (18) side - (an extended outer surface of an object; 'he turned the box over to examine the bottom side'; 'they painted all four sides of the house') 5. (12) side, face -- (a surface forming part of the outside of an object; 'he examined all sides of the crystal'; 'dew dripped from the face of the leaf') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surface-Physical . :SideDish :wnsense "entremots1n", "side dish1n" ; :wordnet "entremots", "side dish" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SideDish'' accompanies an ''Entree''. (Main Course) If it is served before, it is an ''Appetizer''; if served after, a ''Dessert''. If not served in association with a ''Meal'' it is a ''Snack''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'side dish' in WordNet: 1. side dish, entremots - (a dish that is served with but is subordinate to a main course) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood, :Food-ReadyToEat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MultiCourseMeal ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :SideEffect :wnsense "by-product1n", "byproduct1n", "fallout2n", "side effect1n", "side effect2n" ; :wordnet "by-product", "byproduct", "fallout", "side effect" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SideEffect' is an Unintended Result of some ''PurposefulAction'' intended to cause some other effect. A 'SideEffect' is usually bad, but not necesarily. For ''SideEffect''s that are explicitly ''Undesirable'' use subtype ''Downside''. NOTE that this is by definition 'unintended' and 'unwanted', so calling this an 'unintended side effect' would be redundant in this classification. Includes both senses of 'side effect' and sense 1 of 'by-product' in Wordnet: 1. side effect - (a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy; 'severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug') 2. side effect, fallout - (any adverse and unwanted secondary effect; 'a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal') WN noun 'by-product' 1. (4) by-product, byproduct - (a secondary and sometimes unexpected consequence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AccompanyingResult, :Effect, :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unintended ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PurposefulAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PurposefulAction ] . :SideOfaBilateralObject :ldoce "side" ; :wnsense "side1n", "side3n" ; :wordnet "side" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SideOfaBilateralObject' is one half of a PhysicalObject that can be divided into halves that would not be called front, back, top,or bottom - most commonly left side and right side. For outdoor objects, geographical coordinates might be used (north side of an arena). NOTE: there is at least one tribe that does not use left and right, but geographical orientation such as north and south, even for indoor things. There may be other ways to describe oriented halves of things. Includes noun sense 1 and 3 of 'side' in WordNet: 1. (104) side - (a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location; 'they always sat on the right side of the church'; 'he never left my side') 3. (18) side - (either the left or right half of a body; 'he had a pain in his side') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientedPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LeftAndRightSidedObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :SideView :wnsense "side view1n" ; :wordnet "side view" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SideView'' is a ''View'' of some object *from* the 'side' - implying that the object viewed has a front and back. This is the 'View' - a LightPropagationEvent. For an image that represents a ''SideView'' use 'Profile''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'side view' in WordNet: 1. side view - (a view from the side of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FrontAndBackSidedObject ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SideOfaBilateralObject ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByObject ] . :SideViewMirror :en "side view mirror", "sideview mirror" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ In RHW included in 'rearview mirror': RHW 'rearview mirror': a mirror mounted on the side, windshield, or instrument panel of an automobile or other vehicle to provide the driver with a view of the area behind the vehicle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mirror, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Sidearm :en "side arm", "sidearm" ; :guid "c1009a61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Single-user, hand-held personal weapons such as a pistol or sword, designed to be carried on the person, and usable with one hand; typically carried in a special holder that the person wears, hanging from the belt or from the shoulder. All pistols are subtypes, but rifles and other firearms with a stock (rigid or foldable) are not. RHW: 'a weapon, as a pistol or sword, carried at the side or in the belt.' The heavy ancient hand-and-a-half swords are borderline *not* incluided in this type, as they cannot be used by most people with one hand. NOTE: the Wordnet sense of 'side arm' does not include swords, and is represented by ''Handgun''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallArm-Weapon, :SmallObject . :Sidebar :wnsense "sidebar2n" ; :wordnet "sidebar" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sidebar'' is a short ''ProseArticle'' that is related to an article adjacent or otherwise close to another ''ProseArticle'' in the same publication. NOTE: there should be a 'MainArticle' or 'MajorStory' to which a ''Sidebar'' is related. @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sidebar' in WordNet: 2. sidebar - (a short news story presenting sidelights on a major story) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProseArticle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractDocument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sideboard :wnsense "sideboard1n", "sideboard2n" ; :wordnet "sideboard" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sideboard'' is any ''Board'' used as a removable part of an open-top supporting object, added to the sides to prevent supported objects from falling off (and in some cases to increase carrying capacity of the supporting object) Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'sideboard' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sideboard - (a removable board fitted on the side of a wagon to increase its capacity) 2. sideboard - (a board that forms part of the side of a bed or crib) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Bed :Wagon :OpenSidedSupportingObjectType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ] . :Sideburn :isAnOrganicPartOf :Person ; :wnsense "burnside2n", "mutton chop2n", "side-whiskers1n", "sideburn1n" ; :wordnet "burnside", "mutton chop", "side-whiskers", "sideburn" ; a :FacialHairType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is one 'sdeburn'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sideburn' in WordNet: 1. sideburn, burnside, mutton chop, side-whiskers - (beard grown down the side of a man's face in front of the ears (especially when the rest of the beard is shaved off)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialHair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ear ; owl:onProperty :isAlongside ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ear ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyInFrontOf ] . :Siderite :guid "bf20c6c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Iron ; :wnsense "chalybite1n", "siderite1n" ; :wordnet "chalybite", "siderite" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siderite' in WordNet: 1. siderite, chalybite - (iron ore in the form of ferrous carbonate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IronOre, :Mineral . :Sidetracked :en "diverted", "sidetracked" ; :enadj "diverted", "sidetracked" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :BecomingDiverted ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sidetracked'' is an attribute of a Person who experienced ''BecomingDiverted'' by being induced to change the focus of some Activity by a ''DistractingaPerson'' Action. No WN sense for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Sidewalk :guid "bd588967-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pavement3n", "sidewalk1n" ; :wordnet "pavement", "sidewalk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all sidewalks. This does not include walkways that are part of a building. They are outside, and often made of concrete or of a series of flat stones placed on the ground. If the ground is covered in some way, and the path created is intended for walking and adjacent to a ''Roadway'', then it is a sidewalk. Types of paved outside footpath that are not adjacent to a Roadway are instances of the parent type ''PavedWalkway''. SUMO: A prepared path for pedestrians alongside a Roadway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sidewalk' and sense 3 of 'pavement' in Wordnet: 1. (16) sidewalk, pavement - (walk consisting of a paved area for pedestrians; usually beside a street or roadway) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Footpath, :PavedWalkway, :PublicProperty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :Sideways :ldoce "sideways" ; :wnsense "obliquely1adv", "sidelong1adv", "sideway1adv", "sideway3adv", "sideways1adv", "sideways2adv", "sideways3adv", "sideways4adv", "sidewise1adv", "sidewise2adv", "sidewise3adv" ; :wordnet "obliquely", "sidelong", "sideway", "sideways", "sidewise" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sideways'is an attribute of a motion or direction, specifying that motion or orientation is neither forward no backward (relative to the 'front' direction that an object is pointed at), but toward one side or another. These senses can be differentiated, but that will take additional classes. @ToDo. Includes all adverb senses of 'sideways' in Wordnet: 1. sideways, sideway, sidewise - (with one side forward or to the front; 'turned sideways to show the profile'; 'crabs seeming to walk sidewise') 2. sideway, sideways, sidewise - (from the side; obliquely; 'a picture lit sideways'; 'scenes viewed sidewise') 3. sideways, sideway, sidewise - (toward one side; 'the car slipped sideways into the ditch'; 'leaning sideways'; 'a figure moving sidewise in the shadows') 4. sidelong, sideways, obliquely - (to, toward or at one side; 'darting eyes looking sidelong out of a wizened face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sidling :en "sidle up" ; :eng "sidling", "sidling up" ; :env "sidle up" ; :wnsense "sidle1n" ; :wordnet "sidle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A manner of walking (for people only) in which a person walks slowly in small steps in the direction of something, usually another person. Commonly expressed in the phrase 'sidle up to'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sidle' in WordNet: 1. (2) sidle - (move unobtrusively or furtively; 'The young man began to sidle near the pretty girl sitting on the log') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quiet ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unobtrusive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Running . :Siege :wnsense "beleaguer2v", "beleaguering1n", "besiege1v", "besieging1n", "circumvent1v", "hem in2v", "military blockade1n", "siege1n", "surround4v" ; :wordnet "beleaguer", "beleaguering", "besiege", "besieging", "circumvent", "hem in", "military blockade", "siege", "surround" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Siege'' is a ''Blockade'' that includes active military action beyond just preventing movement into or out of the area under siege.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siege' in WordNet: 1. (2) siege, besieging, beleaguering, military blockade - (the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack) WN verb 'besiege': 1. (2) besiege, beleaguer, surround, hem in, circumvent - (surround so as to force to give up; 'The Turks besieged Vienna') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blockade . :Siemens :wnsense "S4n", "mho1n", "reciprocal ohm1n", "siemens1n" ; :wordnet "S", "mho", "reciprocal ohm", "siemens" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI electric conductance measure. Symbol: S. In the case of direct current, the conductance in Siemens is the reciprocal of the resistance in Ohms; in the case of alternating current, it is the reciprocal of the impedance in ohms. siemens = A/V = m^(-2)*kg(-1)*s^(3)*A^2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siemens' in WordNet: 1. mho, siemens, reciprocal ohm, S - (a unit of conductance equal to the reciprocal of an ohm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :SierraLeone a :Country . :Siesta :wnsense "siesta1n" ; :wordnet "siesta" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Siesta'' is a ''Nap'' taken in the early afernoon,especially shortly after lunch. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siesta' in WordNet: 1. siesta - (a nap in the early afternoon (especially in hot countries)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Afternoon ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :Sieve :wnsense "screen6n", "sieve1n" ; :wordnet "screen", "sieve" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Screen-like ''PhysicalFilter'' that may be used for filtering liquids or sorting granulated solids by size. It has holes larger than those in a typical ''Filter''. NOTE that a ''Sieve'' may be used for filtering a liquid, but a ''Filter'' cannot be used for ''Sieving'' granulated solids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sieve' in WordNet: 1. (1) sieve, screen - (a strainer for separating lumps from powdered material or grading particles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sieving ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :Sieved :en "sieved", "strained" ; :enadj "sieved", "strained" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Sieving ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sieved'' is the attribute of some liquid object that has had particles removed by ''Sieving'' . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sievert :en "sievert" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI dose equivalent measure. Symbol: Sv. It is a unit of biologic dose of ionizing radiation. The Sievert makes it possible to normalize doses of different types of radiation. It takes into account the relative biologic effectiveness of ionizing radiation, since each form of such radiation - - e.g., X rays, gamma rays, neutrons - - has a slightly different effect on living tissue for a given absorbed dose. The dose equivalent of a given type of radiation (in Sievert) is the dose of the radiation in Gray multiplied by a quality factor that is based on the relative biologic effectiveness of the radiation. Accordingly, one Sievert is generally defined as the amount of radiation roughly equivalent in biologic effectiveness to one Gray of gamma radiation. Sievert = J/kg = m^2*s^(-2). RHW: the SI unit of dose equivalent when the absorbed dose is measured in gray. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Sieving :eng "sieving" ; :wnsense "sieve3v", "sift2v", "strain4v" ; :wordnet "sieve", "sift", "strain" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sieving'' is a separation event using a ''Sieve'', which has a screen-like sheet of crossed wires to separate larger from smaller Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'sieve' in WordNet: 3. sift, sieve, strain - (separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements; 'sift the flour') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sieve ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ] . :Sifting :wnsense "sieve3v", "sift2v" ; :wordnet "sieve", "sift" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sift' and verb sense 3 of 'sieve' in WordNet: 2. (1) sift, sieve, strain - (separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements; 'sift the flour') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :Sigh :wnsense "sigh1n", "suspiration1n" ; :wordnet "sigh", "suspiration" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An audible breathing Sound suggesting disappointent or resignation to a situation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sigh' in WordNet: 1. (6) sigh, suspiration - (an utterance made by exhaling audibly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Sighing :eng "sighing" ; :guid "bd58bac7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sigh1v", "suspire1v" ; :wordnet "sigh", "suspire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Making a soft audible breathing sound; a type of ''vocalizing'' that is not actually ''Speaking''. CYC: Exhaling longer, with more air than normal, often with a soft noise; usually connotes emotion, such as relief or melancholy. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sigh' in WordNet: 1. (24) sigh, suspire - (heave or utter a sigh; breathe deeply and heavily; 'She sighed sadly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exhaling, :MakingAnOralSound, :Vocalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sigh ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] . :SightSeeing :guid "bd58bb40-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sightseeing1n" ; :wordnet "sightseeing" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$VisitingASite. Instances of #$SightSeeing are events in which people travel around a geographic location (e.g., a city), visiting the notable sites (e.g., landmarks, museums, zoo, ...) there. This collection does not include more participatory activities, such as going to the beach to swim or tan, running with the bulls in Spain, attending a play, opera, movie, ... unless those activities are strictly aimed at tourists, e.g., riding a camel in front of the pyramids. This sense includes 'Tour' (touring) as a subtype. The difference is that SightSeeing can be local and not require visiting more than one place. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'sightseeing' in WordNet: 1. (2) sightseeing, rubber-necking - (going about to look at places of interest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Observing, :PurposefulAction, :Travel-TripEvent . :Sighting :wnsense "sight1v", "sighting1n" ; :wordnet "sight", "sighting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sighting'' is an act of ''Looking'' in which something first comes into sight and is recognized insome way (as a type of thing or individual). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sighting' in WordNet: 1. sighting - (the act of observing; \"several sightings of enemy troops were reported\") WN verb 'sight': 1. (4) sight - (catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes; 'he caught sight of the king's men coming over the ridge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking, :Spotting . :Sightless :wnsense "sightless1adj" ; :wordnet "sightless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of an object of not being able to see through an eye or some analogous sensor. For inability to see when the ability to see would be the normal condition, use the more specific 'Blind'. logically equivalent to (lacks XXX SeeingAbility). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sightless' in Wordnet: 1. eyeless, sightless, unseeing - (lacking sight; 'blind as an eyeless beggar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impaired . :Sign :ldoce "sign" ; :wnsense "sign10n", "sign3n", "sign6n", "sign8n" ; :wordnet "sign" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Sign is something that refers to something other than itself. This is a broad and relatively abstract category; it may be a single entity or a group of entities. It can be an Object, an Event, a Process, or an Attribute. This is a very general category. A Sign may be Physical or Abstract or Mental. 'Sign' is a very general concept, and is used primarily through its specialized subtypes. A physical phenomenon (smoke) can be a sign (of a smoke-producing process), and an AbstractSymbolicObject such as the abstract string 'cat' can be a sign that refers to some animals in the real world. This includes most meanings of 'sign' in Wordnet, directly or as subtypes; see the subtypes for WN senses missing from this entry; the subtypes will be more specific. in WordNet: 3. (4) signal, signaling, sign - (any communication that encodes a message; 'signals from the boat suddenly stopped') 6. (1) sign - ((medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease; 'there were no signs of asphyxiation') 8. (1) augury, sign, foretoken, preindication - (an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come; 'he hoped it was an augury'; 'it was a sign from God') 10. sign - (a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; 'The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary'- de Saussure) 11. sign - (a character indicating a relation between quantities; 'don't forget the minus sign') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, :InformationBearingThing . :SignLanguage :guid "bfe4e5d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sign language1n", "signing1n" ; :wordnet "sign language", "signing" ; a :SignLanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any HumanLanguage that uses hand gestures to communicate. This include ASL, in which signs represent words, as well as sign languages where the signs only represent letters which spell out the words in the local language (as in Russian sign language). CYC: A collection of languages. Each element of #$SignLanguage is a language in which hand gestures are the primary means of communication, instead of spoken utterances, e.g., #$AmericanSignLanguage. Note that #$SignLanguage is not itself a language, but a collection. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sign language' in WordNet: 1. sign language, signing - (language expressed by visible hand gestures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialLanguage . :SignLanguageGesture :en "sign language gesture" ; :wnsense "sign9n" ; :wordnet "sign" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SignLanguageGesture'' is a ''Gesture'' that that is a static configuration of bodyparts used in a ''SignLanguage'' to convey some concept. This is one type of ''SignLanguageSign''; the other type is a ''SignLanguageSignAction'', which depends on the actual movement of the hands and/or lips, not just the static configuration of the hands, to convey a concept meaning. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'sign' in WordNet: 9. (1) sign - (a gesture that is part of a sign language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gesture, :SignLanguageSign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothHands ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SignLanguageGesturing :en "gesturing in sign language", "sign language gesturing" ; :eng "signing" ; :wnsense "sign7v" ; :wordnet "sign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SignLanguageGesturing'' is a ''SymbolicGesturing'' used in human sign language that may produce either a static configuration of body parts (such as a ''HandShape'') or a series of ''SymbolicGesture''s that in combination convey a standard meaning in a ''SignLanguage''. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'sign' in WordNet: 7. sign - (communicate in sign language; 'I don't know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GesturingWithTheHands, :Sign, :SymbolicGesturing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SignLanguageSign ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :SignLanguageSign :en "sign language sign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SignLanguageSign'' is a ''Sign'' used in some ''SignLanguage''.This can be a static configuration of the hands, represeated as a ''SignLanguageGesture'', or can be a ''SignLanguageSignAction'', which depends on the movemen of the hands and/or lips to convey the intended concept meaning, not just the static configuration of the hands. The different types of 'sign' in ''SignLanguage'' are distinguished as the subtypes, because the two types are Actions and Objects, which are disjoint in COSMO and need to not be conflated. This type is a higher-level type that can combine both subtypes when reference to both is intended. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SignLanguageGesturing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :SignLanguageSignAction :wnsense "sign7v" ; :wordnet "sign" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SignLanguageSignAction'' is a ''SignLanguageSign'' that derives meaning from the actual movement of the hands and/or lips,not just from the static configuration of the hands. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Representation, :SignLanguageGesturing, :SignLanguageSign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LinguisticObject :Concept ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SignLanguageType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :SignLanguageType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SignLanguageType'' is a subtype of ''LanguageType'' can serve as type for subtypes of 'SignLanguage' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LanguageType . :SignObject a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SignObject is a PhysicalObject that is a Sign of something other than itself. It is not necessarily an Artifact. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Sign . :SignType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Sign as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Signal :guid "bd58c984-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "signal" ; :wnsense "signal1n", "signal3n" ; :wordnet "signal" ; a :EmittableThingType, :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InformationBearingThing (IBT). Each instance of #$Signal is an IBT which may be interpreted (whether by a conscious user of learned signalling rules, by a computer program, or even by a cell in terms of its subsequent behaviour) as conveying some specific information. Examples include car-horn honkings, internet packets, and proteins which travel into cells across the plasma membrane. An important specialization of this collection is #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. Note that this collection is intended to embrace only signals themselves, not events of signalling. On the importance of keeping these two separate, see the comment on #$InformationBearingThing. The distinction between this collection and #$SymbolicThing lies in the fact that #$Signals are one-time-only transfers of specific information, whereas a #$SymbolicThing is open to its characteristic interpretation any time it is encountered. See also #$signifiesTo, #$signifiedBy. NOTE: a ''Signal'' can be output by a Device - the important category of ''ElectricalSignal'' is a subtype, representing noun sense 3. NOTE: IN SUMO, Signaling is an IntentionalProcess and since this 'Signal' Type is not necessarily intentional, the SUMO category is a subtype. See also 'SignalEvent' and 'SignalAction' NOTE: every 'Detection' Event creates some 'Signal', but a 'Signal' can be generated by other types of Event. This is also the 'signal' portion of a noisy 'signal' as in 'signal to noise ratio'. In SUMO, the closest type 'Signalling' is a voluntary Event, not the same as this more abstract type: SUMO: Signalling is the subclass of Guiding processes in which an agent, animate or inanimate, sends a signal to another Object. In many cases, this signal will be an electrical or electronic one. Some signals may directly control the behavior of the object signalled, while others may merely cause information to be presented. Instances of electrical Signalling are typically more complex than simply than operation of a DeviceSwitch, though in some cases, Signalling involves remote activation of such a switch by another device. Includes but is not restricted to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'signal' in WordNet; not represented in WordNet are biochemical 'signals' in living systems: in WordNet: 1. (19) signal, signaling, sign - (any communication that encodes a message; 'signals from the boat suddenly stopped') 2. (1) signal - (any incitement to action; 'he awaited the signal to start'; 'the victory was a signal for wild celebration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingThing . :SignalDisplayDevice :en "signal display device" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SignalDisplayDevice' is a ''DisplayDevice'' that reeives a ''SensorSignal'' and converts it into a form that displays the information in a visible format interpretable by humans. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SensorSignal ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SensorSignal ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :SignalEvent :guid "bd58c984-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SignalEvent is any Event in which a signal is generated by the action of an Agent (which may be an Automaton, a programmed device), whether or not the Agent intends for the signal to be interpreted by other Agents. COSMO note: In Cyc the distinction between a signal event and a thing that might be interpreted as a signal is not clear (see the mention of a protein). In COSMO, every Signal is an Event. Note that this is not the information content of a signal, but the event that causes information to move from one place to another. Cyc: A specialization of #$InformationBearingThing (IBT). Each instance of #$Signal is an IBT which may be interpreted (whether by a conscious user of learned signalling rules, by a computer program, or even by a cell in terms of its subsequent behaviour) as conveying some specific information. Examples include car-horn honkings, internet packets, and proteins which travel into cells across the plasma membrane. An important specialization of this collection is #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. Note that this collection is intended to embrace only signals themselves, not events of signalling. On the importance of keeping these two separate, see the comment on #$InformationBearingThing. The distinction between this collection and #$SymbolicThing lies in the fact that #$Signals are one-time-only transfers of specific information, whereas a #$SymbolicThing is open to its characteristic interpretation any time it is encountered. See also #$signifiesTo, #$signifiedBy.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationBearingThing, :InformationTransferEvent . :SignalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SignalType'' is a metatype that can be used to enumerate type of Signals (subtypes of ''Signal'') so that relations may refer to the signal types without requiring specifying the individual Signal instance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :SignalingAction a :ActionType, :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that causes a Signal to be transmitted. The Signal can be electronic or linguistic, or a sign (as in sticking out the thumb when ''Hitchhiking'' or hoisting a flag), so this is very general. This is The SUMO approximate equivalent of Cyc 'Signal'. Includes but is not restricted to verb sense 'signal' in WordNet: 1. (4) sign, signal, signalize, signalise - (communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs; 'He signed his disapproval with a dismissive hand gesture'; 'The diner signaled the waiters to bring the menu') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :Signal . :SignalingDevice :wnsense "signaling device1n" ; :wordnet "signaling device" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'signaling device' in WordNet: 1. signaling device - (a device used to send signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device . :Signature :ldoce "signature" ; :wnsense "signature1n" ; :wordnet "signature" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Signature' is a short 'HandwrittenText' (the physical object) whose content is the name of a person (possibly with titles); its purpose is to attest to the fact that the person who wrote it read or approves of the document it is attached to, or is a party to the agreement it is attached to. It is more formal than just writing one's name, as it is used as a means of identification, and should be relatively similar from one instance to the next. This type is the physical object containing the signature, not the abstract text. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'signature' in WordNet: 1. (1) signature - - (your name written in your own handwriting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandwrittenText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonName ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NameString ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Signed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SigningSomething ; :wnsense "signed1adj" ; :wordnet "signed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'signed' in Wordnet: 1. (3) signed - (having a handwritten signature; 'a signed letter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :SignedInSignLanguage :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SignLanguageGesturing ; :wnsense "gestural1adj", "sign-language1adj", "sign1adj", "signed2adj" ; :wordnet "gestural", "sign", "sign-language", "signed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SignedInSignLanguage'' is the adjective characterizing gestures or abstract ''InformationObject''s produced by ''SignLanguageGesturing''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'signed' in Wordnet: 2. gestural, sign, signed, sign-language - (used of the language of the deaf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Significance :takesValue :Insignificant, :Significant ; :wnsense "significance1n" ; :wordnet "significance" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Significance' is an AttributeType whose values include 'Significant', 'Insignificant' and similar values. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'significance' in WordNet: 1. (21) significance - (the quality of being significant; 'do not underestimate the significance of nuclear power) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Importance . :Significant :isTheOppositeOf :Insignificant ; :wnsense "important1adj", "significant1adj" ; :wordnet "important", "significant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Significant'' is to have a size, effect, or relevance to some purpose such that it should not be ignored. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'significant' in WordNet: 1. (19) significant, important - (important in effect or meaning; 'a significant change in tax laws'; 'a significant change in the Constitution'; 'a significant contribution'; 'significant details'; 'statistically significant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Salient ; owl:disjointWith :Uninteresting . :Significantly :isLessIntenseThan :Rather ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Significant ; :wnsense "importantly1adv", "significantly1adv", "significantly2adv" ; :wordnet "importantly", "significantly" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Significantly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues (comparatives) to create more intensive QualitativeAttributeValues (e.g. 'significantly higher); but it can also be used as an adverb of manner ('affected significantly'). For the formal satistical meaning of 'significantly use ''Significantly-Statistics'' This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by an adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb. The levels of intensity from low to high are: \"Somewhat\" \"Moderately\" \"Significantly\" \"Rather\" \"Very\" Extremely NOTE:'important' and 'significant' are close in some contexts; statistical significance is broken out separately when needed. Includes adverb senses 2 and 3 of 'significantly' in WordNet: 2. (4) significantly - (in a significant manner; 'our budget will be significantly affected by these new cuts') 3. importantly, significantly - (in an important way or to an important degree; \"more importantly, Weber held that the manifold meaning attached to the event by the social scientist could alter his definition of the concrete event itself\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier, :IntensiveAttributeValue . :Significantly-Statistics :isTheAdverbialFormOf :StatisticallySignificant ; :wnsense "significantly1adv" ; :wordnet "significantly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Significantly-Statistics'' is an AdverbialModifier with a formal mathematical meaning that can modify comparatives or correlations to specify that the difference or the correlation satisfies the mathematical criterion for 'significance' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'significantly' in Wordnet: 1. (6) significantly - (in a statistically significant way; 'the two groups differed significantly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :SigningSomething :eng "signing" ; :ldoce "sign" ; :wnsense "sign1v" ; :wordnet "sign" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SigningSomething' is the act of writing one's name or initials in text on some surface - usually paper,but it could be any surface, such as an athlete signing a baseball or football. The resulting text is called a 'Signature'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sign' in WordNet: 1. (16) sign, subscribe - (mark with one's signature; write one's name (on); 'She signed the letter and sent it off'; 'Please sign here') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingByHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Signature ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Sikhism :hasBeliever :Sikhs ; :hasTopic :ThereIsOnlyOneGod ; :wnsense "sikhism1n" ; :wordnet "sikhism" ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sikhism' in Wordnet: 1. Sikhism - (the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam) """ . :Sikhs :believes :Sikhism ; :en "Sikhs" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "Sikh1n" ; :wordnet "Sikh" ; a :ReligiousGroup ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sikh' in Wordnet: 1. Sikh - (an adherent of Sikhism) """ . :Silence :ldoce "silence" ; :wnsense "silence2n" ; :wordnet "silence" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An PersistentState characterized by the absence of Sound. The absence of specific kinds of Sound can be represented by subtypes of this type, as in 'PeopleSilence'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'silence' in WordNet: 2. (10) silence, quiet - (the absence of sound; 'he needed silence in order to sleep'; 'the street was quiet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, :EnvironmentalCondition, :NonEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :SilencingPeople :ldoce "silence" ; :wnsense "silence1v" ; :wordnet "silence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SilencingPeople' is a 'Reduction' Action in which some agent acts to cause other agents to cease talking. The result is intended to be no talking, but may only reduce the num ber of people talking. This is a 'SilencingPeople' even if only some people stop talking as the result of the event (e.g. yelling 'Silence!'). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'silence' in WordNet: 1. (4) hush, quieten, silence, still, shut up, hush up - (cause to be quiet or not talk; 'Please silence the children in the church!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuietingDown ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :Silent :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Silence ; :ldoce "silent", "still" ; :wnsense "silent1adj", "silent2adj", "still2adj" ; :wordnet "silent", "still" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Silent' is an AttributeValue of an Object or Place where there is no or almost no perceivable sound. For small amounts of sound (substantially less than might be expected), use 'Quiet'. For Objects, they should be making no perceptible sound. Objects that make little sound are 'Quiet'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'silent' and sense 2 of 'still' in WordNet: 1. (18) silent, soundless, still - - (marked by absence of sound; 'a silent house'; 'soundless footsteps on the grass'; 'the night was still') 2. (10) mum, silent - - (failing to speak or communicate etc when expected to; 'the witness remained silent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quiet . :Silently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Silent ; :wnsense "mutely1adv", "silently1adv", "taciturnly1adv", "wordlessly1adv" ; :wordnet "mutely", "silently", "taciturnly", "wordlessly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Silently'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions indicate that the Action was performed without making any noise (not just not talking), usually so as to avoid notice by some other Person(s). Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'silently' in WordNet: 1. (4) mutely, wordlessly, silently, taciturnly - (without speaking; 'he sat mutely next to her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Silhouette :wnsense "silhouette1n" ; :wordnet "silhouette" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Silhouette is a two-dimensional shape that is characterized only by the patterns of the edges. In visual representations, a Silhouette is filled with black. For the two-dimension figure using only the *line* tracing the edge, use 'Outline'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'silhouette' in Wordnet: 1. (5) silhouette - (an outline of a solid object (as cast by its shadow)) 2. silhouette - (a drawing of the outline of an object; filled in with some uniform color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shape . :Silicon :guid "bd58998d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "14"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Si2n", "silicon1n" ; :wordnet "Si", "silicon" ; a :ElementType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element with fourteen protons in each nucleus. CYC: A piece of silicon; this is usually a solid, at least here on Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silicon' in WordNet: 1. silicon, Si, atomic number 14 - (a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :NonMetal, :SolidSubstance . :SiliconDioxide :guid "71e4d111-9202-11d7-842c-000347a4228d" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_SiO2 ; :hasComponentSubstance :Oxygen, :Silicon ; :wnsense "silica1n", "silicon dioxide1n", "silicon oxide1n" ; :wordnet "silica", "silicon dioxide", "silicon oxide" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The compound with one ''Slicon'' and two ''Oxygen''s in each molecule - SiO2. CYC:#$SiliconDioxide is the collection of macroscopic portions of the organic compound SiO2. Each instance, under normal conditions, is a white or colorless crystalline compound, occurring commonly as #$Quartz. It is used to manufacture a wide variety of materials such as glass and concrete. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silicon dioxide' in WordNet: 1. silica, silicon oxide, silicon dioxide - (a white or colorless vitreous insoluble solid (SiO2); various forms occur widely in the earth's crust as quartz or cristobalite or tridymite or lechartelierite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dioxide, :InorganicMaterial . :Silicosis :guid "71e434d2-9202-11d7-842c-000347a4228d" ; :wnsense "silicosis1n" ; :wordnet "silicosis" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Pneumoconiosis. Silicosis is a lung diseases that develops following the inhalation of crystalline silica dust (usually quartz). Silicosis is an occupational hazard for miners. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silicosis' in WordNet: 1. silicosis - (a lung disease caused by inhaling particles of silica or quartz or slate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pneumoconiosis . :Silk :isProducedNaturallyBy :Silkworm ; :ldoce "silk" ; :wnsense "silk2n" ; :wordnet "silk" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Silk' is a 'HairLikeSubstance' produced as thin fibers by the silkworm. For 'silk' the woven fabric use 'SilkFabric'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'silk' in WordNet: 2. (1) silk - - (fibers from silkworm cocoons provide threads for knitting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FibrousSubstance, :OrganicSubstance . :SilkFabric :guid "be01f82a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Silk ; :ldoce "silk" ; :wnsense "silk1n" ; :wordnet "silk" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SilkFabric' is a woven ''Cloth'' made from Silk (fibers of silk thread). This is a Substance, not a piece of silk. One distinctive characteristic of ''SilkFabric'' is its ''Shiny'' appearance, somewhat resembling ''Satin''. NOTE that it is a subtype of ''Cloth'' meaning that it is woven, not flocked. This is similar to the Cyc class 'SilkCloth', but in Cyc that is an Object, not a Substance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silk' in WordNet: 1. (6) silk - - (a fabric made from the fine threads produced by certain insect larvae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cloth, :FibrousSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, :SilkOrLace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shiny ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SilkOrLace a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SilkOrLace'' is the union of 'SilkFabric' and ''Lace'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cloth, :FibrousSubstance, :OrganicSubstance ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SilkFabric :Lace ) ] . :Silkworm :wnsense "silkworm1n" ; :wordnet "silkworm" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The larval stage of a silk-producing moth. Wikipedia: The silkworm is the larva or caterpillar of Bombyx mori (Latin: 'silkworm of the mulberry tree'), the domesticated silkmoth. A moth in the family Bombycidae, it is very important economically as the producer of silk. It is entirely dependent on humans for its reproduction and no longer occurs naturally in the wild. Sericulture has been practised for at least 5,000 years in China. A silkworm's preferred food is white mulberry leaves, but it may also eat the leaves of the Osage Orange or the Tree of Heaven. It is native to northern China. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silkworm' in WordNet: 1. (1) silkworm - - (hairless white caterpillar of the Asian silkworm moth; source of most commercial silk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Caterpillar, :Moth . :Silky :wnsense "glossy1adj", "satiny1adj", "silken1adj", "silklike1adj", "silky1adj", "sleek1adj", "slick1adj" ; :wordnet "glossy", "satiny", "silken", "silklike", "silky", "sleek", "slick" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Silky'' is to be ''Shiny'' in a manner resembling the light reflecting quality of silk or satin or velvet - smooth and not dull, but not like a mirror, rather with multiple fine thread-lke ridges that slightly diffuse reflected light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'siky' in WordNet: 1. (1) glossy, satiny, sleek, silken, silky, silklike, slick - (having a smooth, gleaming surface; 'glossy auburn hair'; 'satiny gardenia petals'; 'sleek black fur'; 'silken eyelashes'; 'silky skin'; 'a silklike fabric'; 'slick seals and otters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shiny, :Smooth . :Sill :wnsense "sill1n" ; :wordnet "sill" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sill'' is the bottom part of a portal (door or window) in a Building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sill' in WordNet: 1. (2) sill - (structural member consisting of a continuous horizontal timber forming the lowest member of a framework or supporting structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HorizontalSurface, :PartOfBuilding, :StructuralMember, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Portal ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Silly :isAnAttributeValueOf :Belief, :Plan ; :isTheOppositeOf :Rational ; :wnsense "pathetic3adj", "ridiculous1adj", "silly3adj" ; :wordnet "pathetic", "ridiculous", "silly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Silly'' is a more intense form of 'Unreasonable' in that the belief or plan thus labeled is obviously not true or unworkable. Even more intense than this are HalfBaked' and 'Ridiculous'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'silly' in WordNet: 3. pathetic, ridiculous, silly - (inspiring scornful pity; 'how silly an ardent and unsuccessful wooer can be especially if he is getting on in years'- Dashiell Hammett) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unreasonable . :Silt :wnsense "silt1n" ; :wordnet "silt" ; a :GroupType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Silt'' is the granular substance created from drifting ''Soil'' in a stream by a ''Silting'' process.. Corresponds to the ''Substance'' noun sense 1 included 'silt' in WordNet: 1. silt - (mud or clay or small rocks deposited by a river or lake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :Soil ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silting ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :SiltBed :en "silt bed" ; :wnsense "silt1n" ; :wordnet "silt" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SiltBed' is a layer of ''Soil'' deposited at some point in a ''Stream'' by a ''Silting'' process.. Corresponds to the ''Object'' noun sense 1 of 'silt' in WordNet: 1. silt - (mud or clay or small rocks deposited by a river or lake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agglomeration, :Pile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silt ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silting ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Silting :en "silting" ; :wnsense "silt up1v", "silt1v" ; :wordnet "silt", "silt up" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Silting'' is the movement of particles of soil due to the current of a ''stream'' that slows down sufficiently to allow the particles to settle out. This creates an ''Acumulation'' of ''Silt'', which may be fertile (as in the Nile valley) or sufficient to clog a stream and reate problems, as behind a dam. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'silt' in WordNet: 1. silt up, silt - (become chocked with silt; \"The river silted up\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drifting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Silt ] . :Silver :hasProtonCount "47"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "silver" ; :wnsense "silver1n" ; :wordnet "silver" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The metallic element silver, has 47 protons in the nucleus. It oxidizes in air to get a patina of variable color. It has a silvery color. Used in jewelry, tableware, electronics. Used to be used in coinage, but is seldom used for that purpose now. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silver' in WordNet: 1. (4) silver, Ag, atomic number 47 - (a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreciousMetal, :UnalloyedMetal . :isWeightFraction "92.5"^^xsd:float ; :isaFractionalComponentOf :Silver ; a :FractionalComponentSubstance . :SilverColor :guid "a2a48cca-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "silver" ; :wnsense "argent1adj", "ash gray1n", "ash grey1n", "silver gray1n", "silver grey1n", "silver2adj", "silver3adj", "silver3n", "silvern2adj", "silvery1adj", "silvery3adj" ; :wordnet "argent", "ash gray", "ash grey", "silver", "silver gray", "silver grey", "silvern", "silvery" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of having a color that is a light gray; the color of the metal Silver (or Mercury). When this is the color of a smooth flat surface, it is typically highly refective, like a mirror. 'by the light of the silvery moon' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'silver' in WordNet: 3. (2) ash grey, ash gray, silver, silver grey, silver gray - (a light shade of grey) WN adj 'silver: 1. (1) argent, silver, silvery, silverish -- (of lustrous grey; covered with or tinged with the color of silver; \"silvery hair\") 2. (4) silver, silvern, silvery - (having the white lustrous sheen of silver; 'a land of silver (or silvern) rivers where the salmon leap'; 'repeated scrubbings have given the wood a silvery sheen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrayColor . :SilverPlate :wnsense "silver plate2n" ; :wordnet "silver plate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CoatingOfSilver'' produced by ''SilverPlating'' (includes Sheffield Plate). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'silver plate' in WordNet: 2. silver plate - (a thin layer of silver deposited on something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoatingOfSilver, :MetalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SilverPlating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :SilverPlatedObject :en "silver plate", "silver plated object" ; :enn "silver plate", "silver plated object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Object Plated with ''Silver''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SilverPlating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SilverPlating ; owl:onProperty :wasCoveredInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silver ; owl:onProperty :surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoatingOfSilver ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfacePart ] . :SilverPlatedTableware :wnsense "silver plate1n" ; :wordnet "silver plate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'silver plate' in WordNet: 1. silver plate - (tableware that is plated with silver) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SilverPlate, :Tableware . :SilverPlating :wnsense "silver-plate1v", "silverplate1v" ; :wordnet "silver-plate", "silverplate" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for both electrolytic plating and the Sheffield plating process. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'silverplate' in WordNet: 1. silverplate, silver-plate - (plate with silver; 'silverplate a watch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlatingMetal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silver ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SilverPlate ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CoatingOfSilver ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Silverfish :guid "bd58bb2d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "silverfish2n" ; :wordnet "silverfish" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'silverfish' in WordNet: 2. silverfish - (a silvery variety of Carassius auratus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Thysanuron, :Vermin . :Similar :isAnAttributeOfSomethingWithQuality :Similarity ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Similarity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Different ; :ldoce "alike", "as", "similar" ; :wnsense "alike1adj", "similar1adj", "similar2adj", "similar3adj" ; :wordnet "alike", "similar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Similar' is a QualitativeAttributeValue of a Group that is used to compare attributes of individuals (including appearance or class or type membership) that are close but distinguishable in value, though the individuals having that attribute are different (not identical). If the degree of similarity in some attribute is such that that attribute is indistinguishable in the two individuals, the AttributeValue 'Same' should be used. NOTE that asserting the attribute ''Similar'' by itself does not indicate in what respect the members of the Group are ''Similar'' MORE SPECIFICALLY the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' can be used to specify the attribute(s) of a Group that are ''Similar'' within that Group. see ''Similarity''' for one way of expressing similarity within a Group.. The difference in usage is this: one may assert that two things are similar without being specific about what quality is similar, or can specify that they are similar in a certain quality - but to specify exactly what the difference is, the AttributeValue 'Similarity' can be asserted for that Pair of things. The adjective 'similar' when used to modify a noun usually follows mention of some referent entity in focus and then refers to other objects of the type modified (following the word 'similar'), thereby having the character of a logical function that creates an instance of a similar thing. Need FOL for this. 'pepper and similar hot spices' WN 'as' From RHW: WN 15. as . . . as, (used to express similarity or equality in a specified characteristic, condition, etc., as between one person or thing and another): as rich as Croesus. This type includes adjective senses 1, 2 and 3 of 'similar' and sense 1 of 'alike' in WordNet, but the combining form '-like' is used in a different syntactic pattern, and often indicates only a vague similarity; the phrase 'as ... as ...' is also used to indicate similarity: in Wordnet: 1. (65) similar - - (marked by correspondence or resemblance; 'similar food at similar prices'; 'problems similar to mine'; 'they wore similar coats') 2. (7) alike, similar, like - - (having the same or similar characteristics; 'all politicians are alike'; 'they looked utterly alike'; 'friends are generally alike in background and taste') 3. like, similar - - (resembling or similar; having the same or some of the same characteristics; often used in combination; 'suits of like design'; 'a limited circle of like minds'; 'members of the cat family have like dispositions'; 'as like as two peas in a pod'; 'doglike devotion'; 'a dreamlike quality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SimilarLooking :en "similar looking" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ObjectGroup, :PhysicalObject ; :wnsense "look-alike1adj" ; :wordnet "look-alike" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SimilarLooking'' is a subattribute of ''Similar'' characterizing PhysicalObjects that have a similar visual appearance. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'look-alike' in Wordnet: 1. look-alike - (resembling closely; 'they have look-alike cars') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Similar . :Similarity :en "being alike", "being similar", "have similarity" ; :ldoce "match", "similarity" ; :wnsense "correspond1v", "fit6v", "gibe1v", "jibe1v", "match1v", "similarity1n" ; :wordnet "correspond", "fit", "gibe", "jibe", "match", "similarity" ; a :EventType, :InformationType, :QualityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a ''Similarity'' is a ''HavingAnAttribute'' (a ''Quality'') and a PersistentState in which a ''SimilarityGroup'' of two or more items are similar in some characteristic(s). For being alike in appearance, use subtype ''Resembling''. The attribute(s) with respect to which a SimilarityGroup is 'similar' can be represented by a ''AttributeGroup'', and that ''AttributeGroup'' will reference the similar attributes) using the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' (pointing to the AttributeGroup) A Similarity can be a Quality of two or more entities at some particular time, or of the diachronically same entity at different times. The common-sense notion of 'similarity' implies that the things that are 'similar' are not in fact the same thing (at the same time); but a similarity can hold for the same entity at different times; therefore if the same entity at different times is being compared, it is necessary to specify the times at which the comaprison is being made - that can be done in several ways. When asked to describe similarities, the list should include those properties (attributes or relations) that are little different between nonidentical entities. There may also be many differences, but the differences are not part of the 'similarity' attribute. This concept of 'similarity' is therefore a 'similarity with respect to some AttributeType'. To be a similarity, the value of the attribute(s) that is similar should be held by less than half of the things that have that Attribute. How close the values have to be to be considered 'similar' are otherwise likely to vary among those who are judging similarity. The grammatical categories related to this type seem odd, but the mwaning representation seems appropriate. Includes noun sense 1 of 'similarity' in WordNet: 1. (10) similarity - (the quality of being similar) WN Includes verb sense 1 of 'match': 1. (17) match, fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe, tally, agree - (be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics; 'The two stories don't agree in many details'; 'The handwriting checks with the signature on the check'; 'The suspect's fingerprints don't match those on the gun') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Similar ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :SimilarityGroup ] . :SimilarityGroup :en "group of similar things" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SimilarityGroup'' is a Group of things (any type) that have some''Similarity''. The Attribute(s) that make the members of the Group similar are required to be specified by the relation ''areAlikeWRT'' (i.e. 'are alike with respect to'). NOTE that creating instances of any subtype of ''ThingWithAttribute'' could be used to specify similarities with respect to some single ''QualitativeAttributeValue'', but that would not segregate that Group from other instances of the same type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :areAlikeWRT ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeGroup ] . :Simile :wnsense "simile1n" ; :wordnet "simile" ; a :ActionType, :RhetoricalDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Simile'' is a ''FigureOfSpeech'' that expresses a ''Similarity'' between one thing and another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'simile' in WordNet: 1. (1) simile - (a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with 'like' or 'as')) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FigureOfSpeech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Similarity ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Simmering :guid "bd58be7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "simmer1v", "simmering1n" ; :wordnet "simmer", "simmering" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Simmering'' is boiling a food object slowly, heating it just enough to keep it at the boiling temperature. (How to express that??) Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'boiling' in WordNet: 2. boiling, stewing, simmering - (cooking in a liquid that has been brought to a boil) WN verb 'simmer': 1. (5) simmer - (boil slowly at low temperature; 'simmer the sauce'; 'simmering water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoilingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :heats ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoiledFoodObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slowly ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :Simple :isTheOppositeOf :Complex ; :ldoce "simple" ; :wnsense "simple1adj", "simple2adj" ; :wordnet "simple" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''Uncomplicated'' which in referring to Events, means that there is only one or two fluents that change; and in referring to Actions, means that the Action is easy to perform. See the subtype 'Easy' for the last sense. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'simple' in WordNet: 2. (10) elementary, simple, uncomplicated, unproblematic - - (easy and not involved or complicated; 'an elementary problem in statistics'; 'elementary, my dear Watson'; 'a simple game'; 'found an uncomplicated solution to the problem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uncomplicated . :SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic :guid "be269b3d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$PathSystems that are instances of both #$SimplePathSystem and #$Multigraph. Each instance of #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic is a 'graph', as studied in graph theory, in which there are neither loops nor multiple links between the same pair of nodes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Multigraph, :SimplePathSystem . :SimpleMachine :wnsense "simple machine1n" ; :wordnet "simple machine" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'simple machine' in WordNet: 1. machine, simple machine - (a device for overcoming resistance at one point by applying force at some other point) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice . :SimpleMinded :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion ; :isTheOppositeOf :Insightful ; :wnsense "simple-minded1adj" ; :wordnet "simple-minded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for Assertions; for a Person who is 'simple-minded' use attribute ''DimWitted''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'simple-minded' in Wordnet: 1. (1) simple-minded - (lacking subtlety and insight; 'a simple-minded argument') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stupid . :SimpleMindedAssertion a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Observation'' is an Assertion that lacks any evidence of ''Insight'' and may be False. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SimpleMinded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SimplePathSystem :guid "c0f34819-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and the collection of #$PathSystems without loops or parallel links. This collection includes #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic when there are no non-node points along links.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathSystem . :SimplePipe a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """TopLevel04: A pipe that is manufactured as a single object, which may be connected to or welded to another object but retains its identity as a SimplePipe A pipeline consisting of multiple segments welded together is not a SimplePipe. This need not be long and can be an integratl part of a manufactured object; a 'Spout' on a teakettle is an example. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pipe . :SimpleRange a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SimpleRange is a range of values that is expressed by using a Quantifier that is an instance of NumberRange, such as {N_25-30 meters}. The interpretation of a SimpleRange should be that the actual value is highly likely to be some number within that range. A SimpleRange does not imply any specific level of confidence that the true value is within that range. If one wants to define a level of confidence, that could be done by using a 'UniformRange' or 'StatisticalRange'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :ValueRange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :NumberRange ] . :SimpleRepairing :isaSynonymOf :RepairingEvent ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The Cyc term for TherapeuticProcess." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :SimpleTool a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SimpleTool is a non-powered Tool (not powered by anything other than the muscles of the user) designed to perform some function when directly manipulated by a person or automaton. A hammer or a pliers or a scissors is a SimpleTool.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :Tool . :Simplicity :wnsense "simpleness2n", "simplicity1n" ; :wordnet "simpleness", "simplicity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Simplicity'' is a state in which the entity in focus has the quality ''Simple''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'simplicity' in WordNet: 1. (4) simplicity, simpleness - (the quality of being simple or uncompounded; 'the simplicity of a crystal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Simple ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Simplified :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Simplifying ; :wnsense "simplified1adj" ; :wordnet "simplified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Simplified'' isto be made less complex (''Simplified'') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'simplified' in Wordnet: 1. (2) simplified - (made easy or uncomplicated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Simple . :Simplifying :guid "c00ff95e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "simplification3n", "simplify1v" ; :wordnet "simplification", "simplify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Simplifying'' is an ''DecreaseEvent'' in which the ''Complexity'' of some Entity is decreased. CYC: The collection of all #$Events in which the complexity of something is reduced. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'simplify' in WordNet: 1. (3) simplify - (make simpler or easier or reduce in complexity or extent; 'We had to simplify the instructions'; 'this move will simplify our lives') WN noun 'simplification': 3. reduction, simplification - (the act of reducing complexity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complexity ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Simple ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Simplistic :en "oversimplified", "simplistic", "too simple" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Difficult ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Simplistic'' is an exaggerated degree of 'Simple' referring to ideas or opinions that ignore complexity in things (of any type) RHW 'simplistic': characterized by extreme simplism; oversimplified: a simplistic notion of good and bad. NO WN sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnownToBeFalse, :Oversimplified, :Simple . :Simply :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Simple ; :wnsense "simply3adv" ; :wordnet "simply" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Simply'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess or PersistentState and specifies that the Event performed in a manner thatis not complicated or difficult to do. Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'simply' in WordNet: 3. (50) plainly, simply - (in a simple manner; without extravagance or embellishment; 'she was dressed plainly'; 'they lived very simply') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Simulated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Simulating ; :isTheOppositeOf :Actual ; :wnsense "ersatz1adj", "fake2adj", "false6adj", "faux1adj", "imitation1adj", "simulated1adj", "simulated2adj", "substitute3adj" ; :wordnet "ersatz", "fake", "false", "faux", "imitation", "simulated", "substitute" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Simulated'' is the attribute of something that is the product of a ''Simulating'' action - very broad, the thing simulated can be an object or substance, or action or whole world. Anything created by a graphic modeling program intended to represent something that exists or could exist is ''Simulated''. Modern example: virtual reality. Products made to resemble natural things ('fake pearls', 'fake diamonds') are also simulated. 'false teeth' are a common example. In the case of 'ersatz' there may not actually be an expectation that the product will be taken as genuine,so that is included here rather than under 'Counterfeit''. Products made to resemble expensive consumer products but made by a different manufacturer ('knock-offs') are also simulated, but are considered as having the subtype attribute ''Counterfeit''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'simulated' and sense 1 of 'ersatz' in WordNet: 1. (5) fake, false, faux, imitation, simulated - (not genuine or real; being an imitation of the genuine article; 'it isn't fake anything; it's real synthetic fur'; 'faux pearls'; 'false teeth'; 'decorated with imitation palm leaves'; 'a purse of simulated alligator hide') 2. simulated - (reproduced or made to resemble; imitative in character; 'under simulated combat conditions') WN adj 'ersatz': 1. (1) ersatz, substitute - (artificial and inferior; 'ersatz coffee'; 'substitute coffee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Simulating :eng "modeling" ; :wnsense "model5v", "re-create2v", "simulate1v", "simulate2v" ; :wordnet "model", "re-create", "simulate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Simulating'' is the creation of a 'copy' (any of various types) of something, whether an Object, a Group of Objects, or an Event, and pssibly of something that does not exist (as in a virtual reality image). Simulating behavior is more specifically represented by the subtype ''Imitating''. Includes part of verb senses 1 and 2 of 'simulate' in WordNet: 1. (5) imitate, copy, simulate - (reproduce someone's behavior or looks; 'The mime imitated the passers-by'; 'Children often copy their parents or older siblings') 2. model, simulate - (create a representation or model of; 'The pilots are trained in conditions simulating high-altitude flights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaCopy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :InformationBearingThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Copy ] . :Simultaneous :en "co-occurring" ; :wnsense "co-occurrent1adj", "coincident1adj", "coinciding1adj", "concurrent1adj", "cooccurring1adj", "simultaneous1adj" ; :wordnet "co-occurrent", "coincident", "coinciding", "concurrent", "cooccurring", "simultaneous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Simultaneous'' is an AttributeValue of Events that occur (at least partly) at the same time, with some significant temporal overlap. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'simultaneous' in WordNet: 1. (4) coincident, coincidental, coinciding, concurrent, co-occurrent, cooccurring, simultaneous - (occurring or operating at the same time; 'a series of coincident events') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Simultaneously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Simultaneous ; :wnsense "at the same time1adv", "simultaneously1adv" ; :wordnet "at the same time", "simultaneously" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Simultaneously'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the events described occurred at essentially the same time. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'simultaneously' in WordNet: 1. (20) simultaneously, at the same time - (at the same instant; 'they spoke simultaneously') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Sincere :isTheOppositeOf :Insincere ; :ldoce "sincere" ; :wnsense "sincere1adj" ; :wordnet "sincere" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sincere' is an attribute of people who are both Truthful and open, expressing their true feelings as well as telling objective truth. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sincere' in WordNet: 1. (6) sincere - - (open and genuine; not deceitful; 'he was a good man, decent and sincere'; 'felt sincere regret that they were leaving'; 'sincere friendship') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Truthful . :Sincerely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Sincere ; :wnsense "sincerely1adv", "truly3adv", "unfeignedly1adv" ; :wordnet "sincerely", "truly", "unfeignedly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sincerely'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify Actions to indicate that they were performed with sincerity, in a ''Sincere'' manner, without intention to deceive or mislead. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sincerely' in WordNet: 1. (5) sincerely, unfeignedly, truly - (with sincerity; without pretense; 'she praised him sincerely for his victory'; 'was unfeignedly glad to see his old teacher'; 'we are truly sorry for the inconvenience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Sinful :isTheOppositeOf :Moral, :Virtuous ; :ldoce "wicked" ; :wnsense "sinful1adj", "unholy3adj", "wicked2adj" ; :wordnet "sinful", "unholy", "wicked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated violates a law coming from God, the creator of the universe (in monotheistic religions). For immoral in a less specific sense, use 'Immoral'. Includes adjective sense 1 and 2 of 'sinful' and sense 2 of 'wicked' in WordNet: WN 'sinful': 1. (2) iniquitous, sinful, ungodly - (characterized by iniquity; wicked because it is believed to be a sin; 'iniquitous deeds'; 'he said it was sinful to wear lipstick'; 'ungodly acts') 2. sinful, unholy, wicked - (having committed unrighteous acts; 'a sinful person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evil, :Immoral . :Singapore :hasISO3166_Digraph "SG" ; :wnsense "Singapore1n" ; :wordnet "Singapore" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Singapore' in WordNet: 2. Singapore, Republic of Singapore - (a country in southeastern Asia on the island of Singapore; achieved independence from Malaysia in 1965) """ . :Singer :wnsense "singer1n" ; :wordnet "singer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person who sings or has sung a song during some Action, including a person who only happens to be singing at some particular time, or who usually sings unpaid for pleasure or entertaining others, as well as those who sing professionally. This is a reified role for the action of Singing. For a professional singer, use 'ProfessionalSinger'. This WN synset is also used for ''ProfessionalSinger''; here only the label singer' is considered appropriate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'singer' in WordNet: 1. (3) singer, vocalist, vocalizer, vocaliser - (a person who sings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Singing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Singing :en "singing" ; :guid "36a02a14-9558-41d8-9c1c-9520b30e4912" ; :ldoce "sing" ; :wnsense "sing1v", "sing2v", "sing3v" ; :wordnet "sing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$MakingMusicalSound. This is a generalization of #$Singing-Human which includes singing performed by other types of beings, e.g. #$Birds. NOTE that in Cyc: 'Singing' is not a subtype of 'Speaking' whereas in SUMO it is. We adopt the SUMO convention that singing is a type of speaking. Includes verb senses 1,2, and 3 of 'sing' in WordNet: 1. (46) sing - (deliver by singing; 'Sing Christmas carols') 2. (35) sing - (produce tones with the voice; 'She was singing while she was cooking'; 'My brother sings very well') 3. (3) sing - (to make melodious sounds; 'The nightingale was singing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingMusic, :Speaking . :Singing-Human :guid "bd58d4ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sing" ; :wnsense "sing1v", "sing2v", "singing1n", "vocalizing1n" ; :wordnet "sing", "singing", "vocalizing" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC; The collection of acts of producing #$Music sounds with the human vocal cords. This is a PerformingArtActivity, but is not necessarily a paid performance. NOTE1: This is just the vocalization of words or other sounds by a Person in a musical form, not in itself including instrumental accompaniment. This is always a part of ''VocalMusic'' NOTE2: this can be part of a song, or just a vocalization of a series of notes. For a complete singing of a song with lyrics, use the subtype 'Song-Sung' WordNet singing Sense 1 subtypes Base synset: {00540116} singing, vocalizing -- (the act of singing vocal music) => {00540685} a cappella singing, a capella singing -- (singing without instrumental accompaniment) => {00540831} bel canto -- (a style of operatic singing) => {00540914} coloratura -- (singing with florid ornamentation) => {00541460} caroling -- (singing joyful religious songs (especially at Christmas)) => {00541571} crooning -- (the act of singing popular songs in a sentimental manner) => {00541700} crooning -- (singing in a soft low tone; \"her crooning soon put the child to sleep\") => {00541843} scat, scat singing -- (singing jazz; the singer substitutes nonsense syllables for the words of the song and tries to sound like a musical instrument) => {01238076} harmonization, harmonisation -- (singing in harmony) => {01238242} humming -- (the act of singing with closed lips) => {01238983} intonation, chanting -- (the act of singing in a monotonous tone) => {01239180} cantillation -- (liturgical chanting) => {01239276} intonation -- (singing by a soloist of the opening piece of plainsong) => {01239600} karaoke -- (singing popular songs accompanied by a recording of an orchestra (usually in bars or nightclubs)) => {01239750} part-singing -- (singing with three or more voice parts) => {01239847} psalmody, hymnody -- (the act of singing psalms or hymns) => {01239946} singalong, singsong -- (informal group singing of popular songs) => {01240106} solfege, solfeggio -- (a voice exercise; singing scales or runs to the same syllable) => {01240233} solmization, solfege, solfeggio -- (singing using solfa syllables to denote the notes of the scale of C major) => {01240422} yodeling -- (singing by changing back and forth between the chest voice and a falsetto) Includes verb senses 1, and 2 of 'sing' in WordNet: 1. (46) sing - (deliver by singing; 'Sing Christmas carols') 2. (35) sing - (produce tones with the voice; 'She was singing while she was cooking'; 'My brother sings very well') WN noun 'singing': 1. (6) singing, vocalizing - (the act of singing vocal music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerformingArtActivity, :Vocalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VocalMusic ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :SingingProfessionally :en "professional singing", "singing professionally" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SingingProfessionally'' is the Action of People who sings in public to earn some significant portion of their income. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profession, :Singing-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProfessionalSinger ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProfessionalSinger ; owl:onProperty :isTheOccupationOfA ] . :SingingRockMusic :en "rock music singing", "singing rock music" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SingingRockMusic'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Singing-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RockMusic ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :SingingTogether :en "singing together" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SingingTogether'' is the type of ''Singing' performed by a ''GroupOfPeople'' - called here a ''Chorus'', which does not have to be organized or formal. Wordnet has no other general word for groups that sing together. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Singing-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chorus ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SingingVoice :wnsense "singing voice1n" ; :wordnet "singing voice" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SingingVoice'' is a type of ''Speech'' produced while singing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'singing voice' in WordNet: 1. singing voice - (the musical quality of the voice while singing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Singing-Human ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Single :hasNumericalValue "1"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "single" ; :wnsense "individual1adj", "single1adj", "single3adj" ; :wordnet "individual", "single" ; a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """A 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' that is also a LogicalFunction; this returns an instance of one entity of the type of the the argument: 'a single person in the room'; 'he ate only a single potato chip'. When this attribute is labeled by the phrase 'a single' it can be equivalent to 'one'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'single' in WordNet: 1. (77) individual, single - - (being or characteristic of a single thing or person; 'individual drops of rain'; 'please mark the individual pages'; 'they went their individual ways') 3. single - - (existing alone or consisting of one entity or part or aspect or individual; 'upon the hill stood a single tower'; 'had but a single thought which was to escape'; 'a single survivor'; 'a single serving'; 'a single lens'; 'a single thickness') """ . :SingleBed :wnsense "single bed1n" ; :wordnet "single bed" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SingleBed'' is a ''Bed'' with a width only sufficient to support one Person comfortably while sleeping Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'single bed' in WordNet: 1. single bed - (a bed for one occupant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Narrow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OnePerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OnePerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :SingleCellOrganism :guid "bd5906e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "protoctist1n" ; :wordnet "protoctist" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Microorganism and #$Cell. Each instance of #$SingleCellOrganism is an organism composed of a single self-reproducing living cell. Notable specializations of #$SingleCellOrganism include #$Protozoan, #$ProkaryoticCell, and #$Algae-LikeProtist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'protoctist' in WordNet: 1. protoctist - (any of the unicellular protists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cell, :Microorganism . :SingleCrystal :wnsense "crystal3n", "crystallization2n" ; :wordnet "crystal", "crystallization" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SingleCrystal'' is a ''CrystallineObject'' that is a ''WholeObject'' - one crystal with defined boundaries. NOTE that a ''SingleCrystal'' can be large,whether natral or artifactual. The srystals of ''Silicon''made for electronic devices are single crystal grown from molten silicon, and are later sawn into slices for further processing. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'crystal' in WordNet: 3. (1) crystal, crystallization - (a rock formed by the solidification of a substance; has regularly repeating internal structure; external plane faces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrystallineObject, :StoneObject-Natural, :WholeObject . :SingleDoerAction :guid "c0fd4844-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Action. Each instance of #$SingleDoerAction is an action which can have only one doer (see the predicate #$doneBy). Such actions may be intentional, but they need not be. Most bodily functions (e.g., the instances of #$Heartbeating or #$Bleeding-TheAction) belong to specializations of #$SingleDoerAction, because the only doer of a normal bodily function is the body of a single agent. In order for a type of action (i.e., a specialization of #$Action) to be a specialization of #$SingleDoerAction, it must be inconsistent to assert, for any instance ACT; of that type of action, both (#$doneBy ACT; X;) and (#$doneBy ACT; Y;), where X; and Y; are different. Notable specializations of #$SingleDoerAction include #$Sleeping, #$Dying, #$AnimalWalkingProcess, and #$WritingByHand. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :One-Sided ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SingleFamilyResidence :isaSynonymOf :SingleResidenceUnit ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The SUMO term for the concept 'SingleResidenceUnit' in this ontology. The term SingleFamilyResidence has been used to refer to detached houses, and so may be misleading..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :SinglePurposeDevice :en "single purpose device" ; :enn "single purpose device" ; :guid "bd5897aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of devices each of which has a single #$primaryFunction. Each instance of #$SinglePurposeDevice may have more than one function, but will have only one _primary_ function. For example, a car is a single purpose device because it has the primary function of providing transportation. Of course, a car can provide shelter as well as transportation; but a convertible with a badly torn roof still functions as a car (because its primary function is transportation) even though it does not function as much of a shelter. It is also possible for a #$SinglePurposeDevice to have other functions associated with it, even though they are not functions of that device per se. For example, if a car has a cigarette lighter, a clock, etc., those parts have their own functions, which are performed in the car and enjoyed by the users of the car while they are using the car. However, the functions of those devices (lighting cigarettes and telling time) are generally not considered to be the functions of the car itself. If someone utters the sentence 'Fred used his car today' we would guess that Fred drove/rode somewhere in the car, and would be surprised/amused/annoyed/confused if we later discover that the speaker meant only that Fred used the car's lighter and the clock but didn't travel somewhere by car.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device . :SingleReedWoodwindInstrument :guid "c0b28b21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "single-reed instrument1n", "single-reed woodwind1n" ; :wordnet "single-reed instrument", "single-reed woodwind" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all single-reed #$WoodwindInstruments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'single-reed woodwind' in WordNet: 1. single-reed instrument, single-reed woodwind - (a beating-reed instrument with a single reed (as a clarinet or saxophone)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReedWoodwindInstrument . :SingleResidenceUnit :guid "bd58b1b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "living quarters1n", "quarters1n" ; :wordnet "living quarters", "quarters" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Cyc: #$SingleResidenceUnit is a specialization of #$ModernHumanResidence. Each instance of #$SingleResidenceUnit is either a modern-style detached house, an apartment, or another instance of #$ModernHumanResidence designed to accomodate either a single person or a single family (i.e., instance of #$FamilyCohabitationUnit (q.v.)). Usually, each instance of #$SingleResidenceUnit has a unique mailing address. **Excluded** are dormitories, military billets, rooms in hotels or motels, or on ships. NOTE that in conformance with the SUMO specification, this category is for constructs designed to be a permanent residence. Hotels and motels are separate subtypes of 'HumanOccupationConstruct'. In SUMO called 'SingleFamilyResidence': SUMO: A PermanentResidence which is intended to be the home of a single SocialUnit. This class covers Houses, ApartmentUnits, and CondominiumUnits. The WN synset 'living quarters, quarters' is interpreted as a living unit for one family unit (one or more people). This will be part of a ''ResidentialBuilding''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'living quarters' in WordNet: 1. living quarters, quarters - (housing available for people to live in; 'he found quarters for his family'; 'I visited his bachelor quarters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Residence ; owl:disjointWith :TemporaryResidenceUnit . :SingleSiteOrganization :guid "bd6788e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$SingleSiteOrganization is an organization that has a single location (see #$physicalQuarters). For example, the #$KMartStore at Parmer Lane and the Great Hills FireStation Number 2 in Austin are instances. But #$KMart-TheCompany and the Austin City Fire Department are not instances, since those parent organizations have several sites as their physical quarters. To be contrasted with #$ChainOrganization, among other things.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalOrganization . :SingleUserComputer :en "single user computer" ; :guid "bd58d78c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Workstations and small desktop computers." ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalComputer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IndividualPerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :SingleValuedRelation a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Relation is a SingleValuedRelation just in case an assignment of values to every argument position except the last one determines at most one assignment for the last argument position. Note that not all SingleValuedRelations are TotalValuedRelations. (rdf:type rdf:resource = '#InheritableRelation'/) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :Singular :isTheOppositeOf :Plural ; :ldoce "single" ; :wnsense "singular5adj" ; :wordnet "singular" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Singular' is an attribute of words that have a grammatical form (morphology) specific to individual, as opposed to multiple (plural) items. This applies to nouns and verbs. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'singular' in WordNet: 5. singular - - (grammatical number category referring to a single item or unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sink :guid "bd5889c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sink" ; :wnsense "sink1n" ; :wordnet "sink" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The container found in kitchens, bathrooms, utility rooms etc which holds water, dishes, etc.. The Sink is the whole of which the basin, faucets, etc, are a part. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sink' in WordNet: 1. (4) sink - - (plumbing fixture consisting of a water basin fixed to a wall or floor and having a drainpipe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Basin, :ContainerArtifact, :LiquidContainer, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :PlumbingFixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrainPipe ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ] . :Sinker :wnsense "sinker12n" ; :wordnet "sinker" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sinker' in WordNet: 2. sinker - (a weight that sinks (as to hold nets or fishing lines under water)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeightDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishingLine ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FishingPole ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fishing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Sinkhole :wnsense "sink3n", "sinkhole1n", "swallow hole1n" ; :wordnet "sink", "sinkhole", "swallow hole" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sinkhole''is a ''GeographicalDepresson'' that is created by the loss of some part of the ''Ground'' under the surfce of an area, usually by being dissolved or washed away by water flow, or resulting in the collapse of the surface and appearance af a depresson. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sinkhole' in WordNet: 1. sinkhole, sink, swallow hole - (a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalDepresson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DissolvingaSubstance ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :Sinking :en "sinking" ; :ldoce "sink" ; :wnsense "sink2v", "sink4v" ; :wordnet "sink" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sinking' is a Descending that occurs in a liquid, under the influence of gravity (powered descent would be diving). The constrictionallows specifying a particular LiquidObject, or the ''LiquidObjectType'' in which this occurs. Includes senses 2 and 4 of 'sink' in WOrdNet, both transitive and intransitive: in WordNet: 2. (5) sink - - (cause to sink; 'The Japanese sank American ships in Pearl Harbor') 4. (3) sink, settle, go down, go under - - (go under, 'The raft sank and its occupants drowned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Descending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObject :GenericLocation :LiquidObjectType ) ] ] . :SinkingOfTheTitanic :hadChangedEntity :TheTitanic ; :hadThingTransferred :TheTitanic ; :hasEndingPlace :BottomOfTheAtlantic ; :hasStartingPlace :SurfaceOfTheAtlantic ; :occurredAt :AtlanticOcean ; :produced :TheWreckOfTheTitanic ; :wasPerformedByAgent :TheTitanic ; a :Foundering . :Sinless :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Innocence ; :isTheOppositeOf :Guilty ; :wnsense "impeccant1adj", "innocent3adj", "sinless1adj" ; :wordnet "impeccant", "innocent", "sinless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sinless' is an attribute of people who are free of the guily of ''Sin'. IN Catholic doctrine,this may include being in a 'stte of grace' - not havong sinned since one's last confesson, at which 'absolutionn' is granted. More commonly this is applied to people who hsve never sinned, at least in some respect, such as violating sexual codes. When used literally as meaning 'having never sinned' it is most commonly used for young chidren. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sinless' in Wordnet: 1. impeccant, innocent, sinless - (free from sin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Innocent . :Sinlessness :wnsense "innocence2n", "pureness2n", "purity2n", "sinlessness1n", "whiteness1n" ; :wordnet "innocence", "pureness", "purity", "sinlessness", "whiteness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sinlessness'' is a ''RelativeState'' that is a ''Quality'' of a Person with the attribute ''Sinless''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sinlessness' in WordNet: 1. purity, pureness, sinlessness, innocence, whiteness - (the state of being unsullied by sin or moral wrong; lacking a knowledge of evil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, :RelativeState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sinless ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Sinner :wnsense "evildoer1n", "sinner1n" ; :wordnet "evildoer", "sinner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Sinner'' is generic,for someone who has committed some sin, not necessarily (as in the WN gloss) failing to repent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sinner' in WordNet: 1. (4) sinner, evildoer - (a person who sins (without repenting)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wrongdoer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sinning ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Sinning :en "commit a sin", "committing a sin", "sinning" ; :wnsense "sin1v", "sin2n" ; :wordnet "sin" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sinning' is any Action that is considered a 'sin' by someone, i.e. violates some 'MoralPrinciple'. In COSMO a 'MoralPrinciple' is a form of 'Obligation'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 and verb sense 1 of 'sin' in WordNet: 2. (9) sin, sinning - (an act that is regarded by theologians as a transgression of God's will) WN verb 'sin': 1. (7) sin, transgress, trespass - (commit a sin; violate a law of God or a moral law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfringingARule, :ViolatingAnObligation, :Wrongdoing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sinful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :violatesRule ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoralPrinciple ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sinner ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Sinus :guid "be153f4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sinus2n" ; :wordnet "sinus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for one of the Sinuses in the skull. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sinus' in WordNet: 2. sinus - (any of various air-filled cavities especially in the bones of the skull) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :BodyCavity, :CavityWithWalls, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skull ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Sinusitis :guid "bed978cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sinusitis1n" ; :wordnet "sinusitis" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of all instances of sinusitis. Sinusitis is caused by an allergic response with accumulation of fluid or mucosal thickening in the sinus cavities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sinusitis' in WordNet: 1. sinusitis - (inflammation of one of the paranasal sinuses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflammation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sinus ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Sip :wnsense "sip1n" ; :wordnet "sip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sip' is a small ''Swig'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sip' in WordNet: 1. (2) sip - (a small drink) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sipping :wnsense "sip1n" ; :wordnet "sip" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Sipping'' is a subtype of 'DrinkingEvent' in which the Beverage is consumed slowly, in small portions ('sips'). One''Sip'' can be an instance,though there are usually more than one. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sip' in WordNet: 1. (7) sip - (drink in sips; 'She was sipping her tea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sip ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :Sir :wnsense "sir1n" ; :wordnet "sir" ; a :FormOfAddress ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sir' in WordNet: 1. (19) sir - (term of address for a man) """ . :SirRanulfFiennes :en "Sir Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 3rd Baronet OBE" ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; a :Explorer ; rdfs:comment """ Sir Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 3rd Baronet OBE (born 7 March 1944), commonly known as Ranulph \"Ran\" Fiennes, is an English explorer and holder of several endurance records. He is also a writer, poet and co-creator of 'Sir Ranulph Fiennes' Great British Rum'. Fiennes served in the British Army for eight years, including a period on counter-insurgency service while attached to the Army of the Sultanate of Oman. He later undertook numerous expeditions and was the first person to visit both the North and South Poles by surface means and the first to completely cross Antarctica on foot. In May 2009, at the age of 65, he climbed to the summit of Mount Everest. According to the Guinness Book of World Records in 1984, he was the world's greatest living explorer. Fiennes has written numerous books about his army service and his expeditions as well as a book defending Robert Falcon Scott from modern revisionists. """ . :Siren :guid "c0fd4b86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "siren4n" ; :wordnet "siren" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A device which is used to make loud warning sounds (non-verbal), such as an air-raid siren or an ambulance siren. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'siren' in WordNet: 4. siren - (an acoustic device producing a loud often wailing sound as a signal or warning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcousticDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SirenSound ; owl:onProperty :canEmit ] . :SirenSound :wnsense "siren3n" ; :wordnet "siren" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'siren' in WordNet: 3. siren - (a warning signal that is a loud wailing sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlarmSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Siren ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByObject ] . :Sister :ldoce "sister" ; :wnsense "sis1n", "sister1n" ; :wordnet "sis", "sister" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BiologicalSibling who is female. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sister' in WordNet: 1. (20) sister, sis - (a female person who has the same parents as another person; 'my sister married a musician') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalSibling, :FemalePerson . :SisterInLaw :wnsense "sister-in-law1n" ; :wordnet "sister-in-law" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SisterInLaw'' is an ''InLaw'' who married a Sibling of the reference Person. Before same-sex marriage became legal in some jurisdictions, this could be reliably asserted to be a person married to a Brother, but now it could be the person married to a ''Brother''. This relationisrepresented by the relation 'hasSpouse' - 'BiologicalSibling'. This needs to be elaborated by FOL,to clarify of whom the 'BiologicalSibling' is. In either case, this is not a biological relative. A 'sister-in-law' could be a Person related by marriage to one's own sibling, or related to the one a Person is him/herself married to. This ambiguity would need more work to cover all the possibilities. So this is just a place-holder to be elaborated when needed. RHW 'sister-in-law'': 1. the sister of one's husband or wife. 2. the wife of one's brother. 3. the wife of the brother of one's husband or wife. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sister-in-law' in WordNet: 1. (1) sister-in-law - (the sister of your spouse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InLaw, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSpouse ; owl:someValuesFrom :BiologicalSibling ] . :SitCom :wnsense "sitcom1n", "sitcom2n", "situation comedy1n", "situation comedy2n" ; :wordnet "sitcom", "situation comedy" ; a :GenreType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SitCom'' is a ''Comedy'' that depends on specific situations involving several people to generate the humor. A ''SitCom'' is typically shorter than a Movie and when broadcast on television commonly lasts one half hour (including advertising time). This is a very common evening television show. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'sitcom' in WordNet: 1. situation comedy, sitcom - (a humorous drama based on situations that might arise in day-to-day life) 2. situation comedy, sitcom - (a humorous television program based on situations that could arise in everyday life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comedy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialInteraction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialInteraction ; owl:onProperty :describes ] . :Site :ldoce "position" ; :wnsense "position1n", "site1n" ; :wordnet "position", "site" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ';Site;' is a place (region or area) of space where something (Object or Event) is or was located, used especially in a vague way to specify that the thing is in this location, rather than some alternative; ofen used to specify a location that is part of or near to something else. 'The site of the crime'. 'The A-T-T-C-G site in the DNA'. 'A contaminated site'. 'a superfund site' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'site' and sense1 of'position' in WordNet: 2. (1) site, situation - (physical position in relation to the surroundings; 'the sites are determined by highly specific sequences of nucleotides') WN noun 'position': 1. (39) position, place - (the particular portion of space occupied by something; 'he put the lamp back in its place') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ] . :SiteOfAnEvent :en "site of an event" ; :enn "site of an event" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ The restriction requires that the Event that occurred at the ''SiteOfAnEvent'' be specified. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Site, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :SiteOfaFind :en "finding site", "site of a find" ; :enn "finding site", "site of a find" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SiteOfaFind'' is a ''Place'' where some Person found some PhysicalObject. The type of 'Place'' is underspecified, it could be in outer space, as when a planetary mission finds an Object there. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiteOfAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FindingAPhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :SittingAtaTable :ldoce "sit" ; :wnsense "sit1v" ; :wordnet "sit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SittingAtaTable'' is a 'SittingEvent' in which a ''Person'' is sitting next to and facing a ''Table-Furniture'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SittingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Table-Furniture ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :SittingDown :guid "bd58b5ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sit" ; :wnsense "sit3v" ; :wordnet "sit" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of sitting down. NOTE: the restriction specifies that a SittingDown starts a SittingEvent, but does not require that the SittingEvent be reified. SUMO: The BodyMotion of moving from a Standing to a Sitting position. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'sit' in WordNet: 3. (10) sit down, sit - (take a seat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :SittingEvent ] . :SittingEvent :ldoce "sit" ; :wnsense "sit1v" ; :wordnet "sit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SittingEvent' is a static situation in which an animal maintains a sitting position (the ''Buttocks'' is direcly supported by some Object) for some interval of time. People usually sit on chairs or other furniture, but can sit on the ground (with legs stretched or cross-legged , as in the ''LotusPosition''). NonHumanAnimals sit in a different posture from that of humans, but all that is included in this type. linguistically this is often expressed as 'was seated at/on' or 'sat on' or 'is sitting', etc., indicating a persisting condition rather than 'sat down', which is represented as 'SittingDown'. NOTE that a SittingEvent is commenced by a 'SittingDown' event, which is specified as the cause of a SittingEvent; however, the static SittingEvent does not include the SittingDown action. @ToDo: need to add a time relation to specify that the Sitting is temporally contiguous to the SittingDown. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sit' in WordNet: 1. (134) sit, sit down - (be seated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingSupported, :SittingOrLyingPosture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buttocks ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :SittingOrLyingPosture :en "sitting or lying posture" ; :enn "sitting or lying posture" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SittingOrLyingPosture'' is a ''BodyPositionEvent'' that is a ''SittingEvent'' or a ''LyingHorizontally''. This type is used to allow convenient representation of a 'SprawlingPosture'' which can be adopted during either of the two body positions included in this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPositionEvent, :Posture ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SittingEvent :LyingHorizontally ) ] . :Situation-Localized :guid "71236476-8636-41d7-88b4-b7549eb3213c" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Situation. Each instance of #$Situation-Localized is a situation whose temporal extent occurs at a specific location in space. Notable specializations of #$Situation-Localized include #$PhysiologicalCondition and #$Event-Localized. NOTE: in COSMO the 'location' relations differ for objects or regions (see 'isLocatedAtOrOn') and for Events ('occurredAt'). To specify the location of an individual Event, use 'occurredAt'. For EventTypes, use 'typically OccursAt' or 'occursAt'. Although every 'Situation-Localized' the restriction attached to this type does not require specifying location, since it is often desirable to talk about Events without specifying where they occurred. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationProcessEventOrState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GenericLocation ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :SituationProcessEventOrState :BFO "occurrent" ; :CYC "situation" ; :guid "bd88c84b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "thing" ; :wnsense "situation1n", "situation2n", "situation3n", "thing1n" ; :wordnet "situation", "thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: SituationProcessEventOrState is a broad category that includes Events, FunctionalProcesses, and PersistentStates,all of which are different aspects of the same fundamental conceptual entity, commonly called an 'Event'. Each instance of 'SituationProcessEventOrState' in COSMO is a Group of TimeIndexedAssertion, in aggregate representing the changes (if any) to the properties (attributes and relations) of one or more objects over some interval of time, An InstantaneousState may have only one TimeIndexedAssertion, but Events and FunctionalProcesses will have at least two. Event is a Group of 'TimeIndexedAssertion's containing the component elements: (1) InstantaneousState at the starting time (2) InstantaneousState at the Ending time (3) The FunctionalProcess that describes the intermediate states between the starting and ending times. **Informally**, a state,process, or event is interpreted as the set of *values* of some 'fluents' (attributes or relations that may change over time), but the actual *formal* representation is a Group in which the group elements are the *LinguisticAssertions* specifying the values of the fluents pertaining to some Group of Objects. Each LinguisticAssertion specifies the value at some time point (or time interval). The differences in State, Process,and Event are: State: The Group of Assertions that hold at one time point (InstantaneousState), or persist without change of value over some contiguous interval of time (PersistentState). No value can chage within a State. FunctionalProcess: The full set of LinguisticAssertions specifying the values of fluents at each time point or smaller TimeInterval within a TimeInterval in which the Process is defined. The set of LinguisticAssertions relate times to values,and in that respect is analogous to a mathematical function. In analogy to a mathematical function, one can derive a 'rate' for a Process (in cases where the values are quantified) by taking the ratio of (difference in value) to (difference in time) for any TimeInterval in which a change of value is specified. This rate may change from time to time during a FunctionalProcess. Event: focuses on the values of the fluents at the beginning and ending of some TimeInterval, but also includes the FunctionalProcess that specifies the fluent values at times between the beginning and ending. Since the focus of an Event is on the change from one time point to the next, one cannot specify a 'rate' in the same sense as for a FunctionalProcess, where the rate may change many times during the FunctionalProcess. For an Event, one can derive a single 'rate' value that specifies the overall ratio of change of fluent value to time, between the beginning and ending points, and for an Event, only one such 'rate' can be defined. NOTE: In COSMO a Situation is classified as a CompositeConcept because it is considered as a composite of the InstantaneousStates at the beginning and ending times of the Situation (which can be the same time), plus the FunctionalProcess that describes the states intermediate between the beginning and ending times. Called: Situation-Temporal(Cyc) perdurant(DOLCE) ***** Special COSMO NOTE on BFO 'ProcessualEntity' and 'occurrent' ***************************** In BFO the Types 'ProcessualEntity' and 'occurrent' appear to be most closely similar to COSMO 'SituationProcessEventOrState'. In the RO (relationontology) only 'occurrent' shows up. However, the division of the BFO 'ProcessualEntity' Type into 'FiatProcessPart' and 'Process' has no corresponding division in Cyc or SUMO. In COSMO we include a FiatProcessPart for compatibility, but do not use it (no subtypes), and do not use the BFO partition of 'ProcessualEntity'. BFO Definition: An occurrent that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some SNAP entity. Examples: the life of an organism, the process of meiosis, the course of a disease, the flight of a bird ***** End Special NOTE on BFO 'ProcessualEntity' ***************************** Cyc 'Situation' is indistinguishable from 'Situation-Temporal' except for the possible inclusion in 'Situation' of abstract situations not enclosed in a time interval. The term 'Situation' has been interpreted in COSMO as strictly temporal, and the more abstract things that resenble situations have been aggregated under 'AbstractEvent'. Cyc ('Situtation') A subcollection of both #$IntangibleIndividual and #$TemporalThing. #$Situation subsumes #$Event and #$StaticSituation. Each instance of #$Situation is a state or event consisting of one or more objects having certain properties, or bearing certain relations to each other. OPENCYC 1: (Situation-Temporal) MAY 23, 2002 A subcollection of both #$Situation and #$TemporalThing. #$Situation-Temporal is the collection of all instances of #$Situation that have duration or other temporal properties . Thus, #$Situation-Temporal subsumes #$Event and #$StaticSituation, as well as some other specializations of #$Situation. It does _not_ subsume any specializations of #$Situation that have atemporal instances. DOLCE: Perdurants (AKA occurrences) comprise what are variously called events, processes, phenomena, activities and states. They can have temporal parts or spatial parts. For instance, the first movement of (an execution of) a symphony is a temporal part of the symphony. On the other hand, the play performed by the left side of the orchestra is a spatial part. In both cases, these parts are occurrences themselves. We assume that objects cannot be parts of occurrences, but rather they participate in them. Perdurants extend in time by accumulating different temporal parts, so that, at any time they are present, they are only partially present, in the sense that some of their proper temporal parts (e.g., their previous or future phases) may be not present. E.g., the piece of paper you are reading now is wholly present, while some temporal parts of your reading are not present yet, or any more. Philosophers say that endurants are entities that are in time, while lacking temporal parts (so to speak, all their parts flow with them in time). Perdurants, on the contrary, are entities that happen in time, and can have temporal parts (all their parts are fixed in time). Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'situation' and approximately to noun sense 1 of 'thing' in WordNet; for states that persist withuot change for some interval of time, use ''PersistentState''; for Actions involving agents that due things (even if not animate) use ''Action''; for Actions performed by people, use 'HumanActivity': in Wordnet: WN noun 'situation': 1. (65) situation, state of affairs - (the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; 'the present international situation is dangerous'; 'wondered how such a state of affairs had come about'; 'eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation'- Franklin D.Roosevelt) 2. (19) situation, position - (a condition or position in which you find yourself; 'the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils'; 'found herself in a very fortunate situation') 3. situation - (a complex or critical or unusual difficulty; 'the dangerous situation developed suddenly'; 'that's quite a situation'; 'no human situation is simple') WN noun 'thing': 1. (404) thing - (a special situation; 'this thing has got to end'; 'it is a remarkable thing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositeConcept, :PhysicalThing, :TemporalThing, owl:Thing ; owl:disjointWith :Object, :SpatiotemporalRegion, :TimeInterval . :SituationRole a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SituationRole is a compound Type representing both a Situation and a Role. This category was created specifically to allow an inherently Ternary relation (the Cyc intendedPrimaryFunction) to be represented as binary. it will include a Situation and a Role which specifies the function of an Object in that Situation. ToDO - to be useful, the structure of this Type needs elaboration. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :SituationProcessEventOrState . :Situational :en "situational" ; :enadj "situational" ; :pertainsTo :PhysicalSituation ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Situational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''PhysicalSituation'', especially in distinguishing the thing characterized as being true specifically in some ''PhysicalSituation''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SituationalContextComponent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each SituationalContextComponent is one of the components of the situation in which an IntelligentEntity finds itself, of which it must be aware in order to act or respond appropriately so as to fulfill its goals. Each SituationalContextComponent is defined relative to a particular ''IntentionalAgent'' whose actions are being represented in the ontology.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context . :Six-Year-Old :en "six-year-old" ; :enadj "six-year-old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Six-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are six years old, i.e. were created or born six years in the past. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Six-month :en "six-month" ; :enadj "six-month" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SixMonths ; :pertainsTo :SixMonths ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Six-month'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for six months, or plans that specify Events over the course of six months. 'a six-month project'; 'a six-month sentence' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :SixLegs :hasObjectType :Leg ; :hasQuantifier :N_6 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :SixMonths :hasQuantifier :N_6 ; :hasUnit :months ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 6 months. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :SixPoints :en "six points" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SixPoints'' is a quantity of six points aquired by one ''ScoringPoints'' Action, as in a ''Touchdown'' in AmericanFootball. Note that the instances of this type would be the result of specific scoring events in some specific game.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GamePoints, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "6"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :SixYearOldChild :en "six year old", "six-year-old" ; :enn "six year old", "six-year-old" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SixYears ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :SixYears :hasQuantifier :N_6 ; a :TimeDuration-Years ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration-Years' with a value of 6 years. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :Sixfold :wnsense "sextuple1adj", "six-fold1adj", "sixfold1adj" ; :wordnet "sextuple", "six-fold", "sixfold" ; a :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sixfold' in Wordnet: 1. sextuple, sixfold, six-fold - (having six units or components) """ . :Sixteenth :en "16th" ; :hasNumericalAbbreviation "16th" ; :hasOrderNumber "16"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "sixteenth1n" ; :wordnet "sixteenth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The sixteenth element in a series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixteenth' in WordNet: 1. sixteenth - (position 16 in a countable series of things) """ . :Sixth :hasNumericalAbbreviation "6th" ; :hasOrderNumber "6"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "sixth" ; :wnsense "sixth1adj" ; :wordnet "sixth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sixth' in WordNet: 1. (12) sixth, 6th - (coming next after the fifth and just before the seventh in position) """ . :Sixtieth :en "16th" ; :hasNumericalAbbreviation "60th" ; :hasOrderNumber "60"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "sixtieth1n" ; :wordnet "sixtieth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The sixtieth element in a series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixtieth' in WordNet: 1. sixtieth - (position 60 in a countable series of things) """ . :Sixty :hasCardinalityNumber "60"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "60"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "sixty1adj" ; :wordnet "sixty" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'Sixty' takes a type and returns a Group containing sixty instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sixty' in WordNet: 1. (7) sixty, 60, lx, threescore - (being ten more than fifty) """ . :SixtyEight :hasCardinalityNumber "68"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "68"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "681n", "lxviii1n", "sixty-eight1n" ; :wordnet "68", "lxviii", "sixty-eight" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SixtyEight'' takes a type and returns a Group containing sixty eight instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixty-eight' in WordNet: 1. sixty-eight, 68, lxviii - (being eight more than sixty) """ . :SixtyFive :hasCardinalityNumber "65"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "65"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "651n", "lxv1n", "sixty-five1n" ; :wordnet "65", "lxv", "sixty-five" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SixtyFive'' takes a type and returns a Group containing sixty five instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixty-five' in WordNet: 1. sixty-five, 65, lxv - (being five more than sixty) """ . :SixtyFour :hasCardinalityNumber "64"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "64"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "641n", "lxiv1n", "sixty-four1n" ; :wordnet "64", "lxiv", "sixty-four" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SixtyFour'' takes a type and returns a Group containing sixty four instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixty-four' in WordNet: 1. sixty-four, 64, lxiv - (being four more than sixty) """ . :SixtyNine :hasCardinalityNumber "69"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "69"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "691n", "ilxx", "sixty-nine1n" ; :wordnet "69", "ilxx", "sixty-nine" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SixtyNine'' takes a type and returns a Group containing sixty nine instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixty-nine' in WordNet: 1. sixty-nine, 69, ilxx - (being nine more than sixty) """ . :SixtyOne :hasCardinalityNumber "61"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "61"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "611n", "lxi1n", "sixty-one1n" ; :wordnet "61", "lxi", "sixty-one" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SixtyOne'' takes a type and returns a Group containing sixty one instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixty-one' in WordNet: 1. sixty-one, 61, lxi - (being one more than sixty) """ . :SixtySeven :hasCardinalityNumber "67"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "67"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "671n", "lxvii1n", "sixty-seven1n" ; :wordnet "67", "lxvii", "sixty-seven" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SixtySeven'' takes a type and returns a Group containing sixty seven instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixty-seven' in WordNet: 1. sixty-seven, 67, lxvii - (being seven more than sixty) """ . :SixtySix :hasCardinalityNumber "66"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "66"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "661n", "lxvi1n", "sixty-six1n" ; :wordnet "66", "lxvi", "sixty-six" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SixtySix'' takes a type and returns a Group containing sixty six instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixty-six' in WordNet: 1. sixty-six, 66, lxvi - (being six more than sixty) """ . :SixtyThree :hasCardinalityNumber "63"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "63"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "631n", "lxiii1n", "sixty-three1n" ; :wordnet "63", "lxiii", "sixty-three" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SixtyThree'' takes a type and returns a Group containing sixty three instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixty-three' in WordNet: 1. sixty-three, 63, lxiii - (being three more than sixty) """ . :SixtyTwo :hasCardinalityNumber "62"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "62"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "621n", "lxii1n", "sixty-two1n" ; :wordnet "62", "lxii", "sixty-two" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''SixtyTwo'' takes a type and returns a Group containing sixty two instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sixty-one' in WordNet: 1. sixty-two, 62, lxii - (being two more than sixty) """ . :Sizable :isMoreIntenseThan :Large ; :wnsense "ample3adj", "goodish1adj", "goodly1adj", "hefty3adj", "respectable3adj", "sizable1adj", "sizable2adj", "sizeable1adj", "sizeable2adj", "tidy3adj" ; :wordnet "ample", "goodish", "goodly", "hefty", "respectable", "sizable", "sizeable", "tidy" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sizable'' is a more emphatic way to say 'large'. There are two WN senses; sense 2 seems to be focused on amounts of money. Perhaps those terms goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, tidy) should be broken out as a subAttribute, but a look at usage in a large corpus would be necessary to determine which of those terms are used only in the money sense or also some different sense. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'sizable' in Wordnet: 1. (3) ample, sizable, sizeable - (fairly large; 'a sizable fortune'; 'an ample waistline'; 'of ample proportions') 2. goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable, tidy - (large in amount or extent or degree; 'it cost a considerable amount'; 'a goodly amount'; 'received a hefty bonus'; 'a respectable sum'; 'a tidy sum of money'; 'a sizable fortune') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Large . :Size :ldoce "size" ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure, :VolumeMeasure ; :wnsense "size1n", "size2n" ; :wordnet "size" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Size is a property of all macroscopic PhysicalObjects, but it refer to any of several measures, including length, volume, number (for groups of objects), or arbitrary measures such as shoe sizes, or 'large, medium, small' classifications in clothing. NOTE: the hierarchical positions of terms 'size'and 'magnitude' are inverted in WordNet and COSMO. This has no special significance, as the terms are very similar but 'size' is more common, so it has the higher position in the COSMO hierarchy. Perhaps WN 'magnitude' is intended to be of broader application. Needs to be determined by usage. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'size' in WordNet: 1. (82) size - - (the physical magnitude of something (how big it is); 'a wolf is about the size of a large dog') 2. (4) size - - (the property resulting from being one of a series of graduated measurements (as of clothing); 'he wears a size 13 shoe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :Skate :wnsense "skate1n" ; :wordnet "skate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes roller skates and ice skates. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skate' in WordNet: 1. skate - (sports equipment that is worn on the feet to enable the wearer to glide along and to be propelled by the alternate actions of the legs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootwearItem, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skating ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :SkateBoard :guid "bd58b2bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "skateboard1n" ; :wordnet "skateboard" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skateboard' in WordNet: 1. skateboard - (a board with wheels that is ridden in a standing or crouching position and propelled by foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :ManufacturedGoods, :MobilePlatform, :MountableTransporter, :SportsEquipment, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skateboarding ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingWheel ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "6"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "150"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :SkateBoarder :guid "bf03e577-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "skateboarder1n" ; :wordnet "skateboarder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of persons who engage in #$SkateBoarding, either professionally, or as an amateur who is very serious about the sport. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skateboarder' in WordNet: 1. skateboarder - (someone who skates on a skateboard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, :Skater . :Skateboarding :eng "skateboarding" ; :guid "bd58b278-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "skateboard1v" ; :wordnet "skateboard" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skateboard' in WordNet: 1. skateboard - (ride on a flat board with rollers attached to the bottom) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :HumanActivity, :OutdoorActivity, :RecreationalActivity, :SingleDoerAction, :Translation-SingleTrajectory, :TranslationAlongASurface, :TransportationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkateBoard ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :Skater :wnsense "skater1n" ; :wordnet "skater" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Skater'' is the Role of a Person who skates (on roller skates or ice skates, for any reason) *while* the skating is occurring, or, someone who habitually skates,perhaps as a contestant or athlete. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skater' in WordNet: 1. skater - (someone who skates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skating ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skating ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :Skating :eng "skating" ; :wnsense "skate1v" ; :wordnet "skate" ; a :AnimalMotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Skating'' is an ''Ambulation'' (moving on feet) that uses ''Skate''s worn on the feet to allow a gliding with each step. This includes roller skating and ice skating. ''Skateboarding'' is under a different parent type. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skate' in WordNet: 1. skate - (move along on skates; 'The Dutch often skate along the canals in winter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation, :TranslationAlongASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skate ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :SkatingRink :wnsense "rink1n", "skating rink1n" ; :wordnet "rink", "skating rink" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SkatingRink'' is a ''SportsArena'' that is used mostly for skating events, roller skating or ice skating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skating rink' in WordNet: 1. rink, skating rink - (building that contains a surface for ice skating or roller skating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsArena . :SkeletalMuscle :guid "bf691ffb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "skeletal muscle1n" ; :wordnet "skeletal muscle" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Muscles which are connected at at least one end to a bone. Skeletal muscles are involved in movements of the #$SkeletalSystem. NOTE: WN conflates 'skeletal muscle'and 'striated muscle' whereas CYC differentiates them This type reserves the CYC difference. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeletal muscle' in WordNet: 1. skeletal muscle, striated muscle - (a muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StriatedMuscle . :SkeletalRemains :en "skeletal remains" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'SkeletalRemains' is the 'Remains' of an individual animal that has decomposed to the point where little other than the bones remain. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Remains, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :wasOfType ] . :SkeletalStructure :wnsense "skeletal structure1n" ; :wordnet "skeletal structure" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AnatomicalStructure'' comprised of one or more ''Bone''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeletal structure' in WordNet: 1. skeletal structure - (any structure created by the skeleton of an organism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalStructure, :BoneStructure, :Group, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bone ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoneTheStuff ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :SkeletalSystem :guid "bd58b5ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "skeletal system1n" ; :wordnet "skeletal system" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$SkeletalSystem is a system of body parts used to support, separate, and protect the other parts of a body. Instances of this collection are either external structures (see #$Exoskeleton and #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart) or internally interlinked bones (see #$Bone-BodyPart) and cartilage (see #$Cartilage) NOTE: this ''SkeletalSystem'' includes the cartilage and represents the structure as a system, and is located 'in situ' in an AnimalBody. For the bare skeleton of bones only in or outside of the body, the Class ''Skeleton'' is used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeletal system' in WordNet: 1. skeletal system, skeleton, frame, systema skeletale - (the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :RigidObject, :SupportingOrganismPart, :SupportingStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skeleton ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBody ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Skeleton :guid "bd58cd3c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Vertebrate ; :wnsense "skeleton3n" ; :wordnet "skeleton" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'VertebrateSkeleton' in Cyc. NOTE that this is distinguished from the ''SkeletalSystem'', which includes the cartilege. This type includes a bare skeleton not in situ in a body. Analogous to 'Framework' which is an artifact. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeleton' in Wordnet: 3. skeletal system, skeleton, frame, systema skeletale - (the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoneStructure, :SkeletalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertebrate ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Skeptic :wnsense "doubter1n", "sceptic1n", "skeptic1n" ; :wordnet "doubter", "sceptic", "skeptic" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Skeptic'' is a frequent ''Doubter'' of uproven Assertions, and of Assertions about human motives. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skeptic' in WordNet: 1. (3) skeptic, sceptic, doubter - (someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Doubter . :Skeptical :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Doubt ; :wnsense "doubting1adj", "incredulous1adj", "questioning2adj", "sceptical1adj", "skeptical2adj" ; :wordnet "doubting", "incredulous", "questioning", "sceptical", "skeptical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Incredulous'' is an attribute of a Person who is experiencing ''Doubt'' (= a Feeling) about the truth of an Assertion. Person feeling Should be 'incredulity' rather than 'doubt'. @toDo: add. WN adj 'skeptical': in WordNet: 1. doubting, questioning, skeptical, sceptical - (marked by or given to doubt; 'a skeptical attitude'; 'a skeptical listener') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unsure . :SketchArtist :en "graphic artist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SketchArtist'' is a ''GraphicArtist'' who can create two-dimensional images (''PhysicalImage''s) that are composed of lines (''LineDrawing''s) rather than brush strokes. The images can be very detailed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GraphicArtist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LineDrawing ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :Sketchy :isTheOppositeOf :Detailed ; :wnsense "sketchy1adj", "unelaborated1adj" ; :wordnet "sketchy", "unelaborated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sketchy'' is an attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions that have little detail and may be as consequence difficult to understand. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sketchy' in Wordnet: 1. sketchy, unelaborated - (giving only major points; lacking completeness; 'a sketchy account'; 'details of the plan remain sketchy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Incomplete . :Skewer :wnsense "skewer1n", "spit3n" ; :wordnet "skewer", "spit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Consists mostly of Metal,but may have a wooden handle. A 'Spit' seems to be a subtype - the generic 'skewer' may be used in an oven?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skewer' in WordNet: 1. skewer - (a long pin for holding meat in position while it is being roasted) WN noun 'spit': 3. spit - (a skewer for holding meat over a fire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightPin ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Metal ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roasting ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skewering ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Skewering :wnsense "skewer1v", "spit4v" ; :wordnet "skewer", "spit" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Skewering'' is a type of ''PiercingSomething'' (usually a FoodObject) with a ''Skewer''. Sometimes other objects are 'skewered' bt they are typically soft like Meat. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skewer' in WordNet: 1. skewer, spit - (drive a skewer through; 'skewer the meat for the BBQ') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PiercingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skewer ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Ski :wnsense "ski1n" ; :wordnet "ski" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ski'' is Device like a ''Runner'' that is affixed to the foot, like a ''Boot'',permitting sliding over snow on the legs. This is not a ''Runner;; in the COSMO sense of being a 'part' of a Device. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ski' in WordNet: 1. ski - (narrow wood or metal or plastic runners used in pairs for gliding over snow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatBottomedObject, :FootwearItem, :LongAndThinObject, :SnowSurfaceTransporter, :SolidTangibleArtifact, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Runner ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skiing ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredInstrumentForAction ] . :SkiLift :ldoce "lift" ; :wnsense "lift5n", "ski lift1n" ; :wordnet "lift", "ski lift" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'lift' and sense 1 of 'ski lift' in WordNet: 5. ski tow, ski lift, lift - (a powered conveyance that carries skiers up a hill) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveyance-Stationary, :ManufacturedGoods, :MechanicalDevice, :PoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Raising ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HillOrMountain ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Skier :wnsense "skier1n" ; :wordnet "skier" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Skier'' is a Person who performs ''Skiing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skier' in WordNet: 1. skier - (someone who skis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skiing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skiing ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :Skiing :eng "skiing" ; :wnsense "ski1v", "skiing1n" ; :wordnet "ski", "skiing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Skiing'' is *usually* a sport performed for recreation,though a 'ski patrol' in some places may have more serious purposes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'ski' in WordNet: 1. ski - (move along on skis; 'We love to ski the Rockies'; 'My children don't ski') WN 'skiing': 1. skiing - (a sport in which participants must travel on skis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionDownhill, :RecreationalActivity, :SportsEvent, :TranslationAlongASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ski ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snow ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :Skill :ldoce "skill" ; :wnsense "accomplishment2n", "acquirement1n", "acquisition4n", "attainment3n", "skill1n" ; :wordnet "accomplishment", "acquirement", "acquisition", "attainment", "skill" ; a :CapabilityType, :MentalObjectType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Skill' is an AgentCapability that is not inborn and is created by a process (one or more Actions) of 'LearningHowToDoSomething'. This ''Skill'' need not be a high level: for a high level of ''Skill'' use ''Proficiency'' or ''Expertise''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skill' in WordNet: 1. (40) skill, accomplishment, acquirement, acquisition, attainment - (an ability that has been acquired by training) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competence . :Skilled :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :Skill ; :isTheOppositeOf :Inexperienced, :Unskilled ; :ldoce "skillful" ; :wnsense "adept1adj", "experienced1adj", "experient1adj", "expert1adj", "good8adj", "practiced1adj", "practiced2adj", "proficient1adj", "skilful1adj", "skilled1adj", "skillful1adj" ; :wordnet "adept", "experienced", "experient", "expert", "good", "practiced", "proficient", "skilful", "skilled", "skillful" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Skilled'' is an attribute of a Person (and sometimes of animals) that asserts that one can perform a certain learned activity better than most others who do that kind of Action. An action that exhibits this quality has the attribute ''Skillful''. @ToDo: NOTE: this word may be used to characterize the action itself, but that should be a separate sense. NOTE: being 'Skillful' requires that the activity at which one is skilled be specified,and related to the skillful person by the relation 'hasCapability': @ToDo - needs FOL rule. Skillful- Unskilled is a continuum of abilities, and these attributes usually refer to the top and bottom third of skillfulness. The middle ground would be for 'learners' or 'apprentices'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'skillful' and sense 1 of 'skilled' adn sense 1 of 'experienced' in WordNet: 1. (3) adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful, skilful - - (having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude; adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler; 'an expert job'; a good mechanic; a practiced marksman; a proficient engineer; a lesser-known but no less skillful composer; the effect was achieved by skillful retouching) WN adj 'skilled': 1. (11) skilled - (having or showing or requiring special skill; 'only the most skilled gymnasts make an Olympic team'; 'a skilled surgeon has many years of training and experience'; 'a skilled reconstruction of her damaged elbow'; 'a skilled trade') WN adj 'experienced': 1. (10) experienced, experient - (having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competent . :SkilledActivityType :guid "bdb56b97-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this metatype has not been used up to v0.54. It may be used to help classify actions that require years of training. This differs from the Cyc interpretation. Cyc: This is the collection of collections of activities which require some specialized skill to perform--i.e., to play any role which is a specPred of #$doneBy. So, all skilled activities are learned, but not all learned activities are skilled. For instance, #$WalkingOnTwoLegs is an instance of #$LearnedActivityType but not an instance of #$SkilledActivityType. Since every normal person learns to walk, it requires no special skill. In contrast, #$Juggling is an instance of #$SkilledActivityType, for most people do not know how to juggle.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LearnedActivityType . :SkilledTrade :wnsense "craft1n", "trade4n" ; :wordnet "craft", "trade" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SkilledTrade'' is an occupation requiring training in some form of production through manual effort, not a desk job. Corresponds to *part* (for an occupation requiring use of training) noun sense 4 of 'trade' in WordNet: 4. (3) trade, craft - (the skilled practice of a practical occupation; 'he learned his trade as an apprentice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profession . :SkilledWorker :wnsense "skilled worker1n", "skilled workman1n", "trained worker1n" ; :wordnet "skilled worker", "skilled workman", "trained worker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person with some expertise in some field, a subtype of 'Expert'. Any Position which requires learning a set of skills. Instances can be related to the task they are skilled at by the relation ''isSkilledAt'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skilled worker' in WordNet: 1. (5) skilled worker, trained worker, skilled workman - (a worker who has acquired special skills) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :PersonWithOccupation . :Skillful :en "well done" ; :wnsense "expert1adj", "good8adj", "skillful1adj" ; :wordnet "expert", "good", "skillful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of *Actions* that were performed better than the average Action with respect to its effect in assisting an agent to achieve its goals. This is an EvaluativeAttribute, relative to a particular agent's goals, but it can also apply to an Action that is beneficial to a large number of people, who might then also be inclined to characterize it as 'Skillful'. NOTE: for the attribute of a Person who can perform a ''Skillful'' Action, use the Attribute ''Skilled''. NOTE that this adjective characterizes an Action; to attribute skill to the person performing the action use ''Skilled''. This is the sense usually intended for the word 'Good' in phrases such as 'good job', 'good performance',or sometimes implied by 'God boy!' in praise of something done. The only WordNet sense close to this is part of sense 8 of 'good' in WordNet ('showing nowledge and skill' for actions or products), as illustrated by the examples 'an expert job', 'skillful retouching'. but is broader and includes the performance attribute of Actions that do not reach the quality level of 'skillful' or 'expert'. That specific WordNet sense should be represented by a subtype @ToDo: in WordNet: 8. (2) adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful, skilful - (having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude; 'adept in handicrafts'; 'an adept juggler'; 'an expert job'; 'a good mechanic'; 'a practiced marksman'; 'a proficient engineer'; 'a lesser-known but no less skillful composer'; 'the effect was achieved by skillful retouching') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :Skillfully :contrastsWith :Poorly ; :en "very well", "well done" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Skillful ; :ldoce "well" ; :wnsense "good1adv", "well1adv" ; :wordnet "good", "well" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Skillfully'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the quality of action in the Event is higher than is normal or expected for an Event of that type, indicating that it was performed with skill. NOTE: this is also used as the opposite of ''Poorly'. THe various nuances may need discrimination. NOTE: to characterize the aptitude of a person performing in this manner, use adjective ''Skillful''. Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 1 of 'well' in WordNet: 1. (76) well, good - ((often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard ('good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for 'well'); 'the children behaved well'; 'a task well done'; 'the party went well'; 'he slept well'; 'a well-argued thesis'; 'a well-seasoned dish'; 'a well-planned party'; 'the baby can walk pretty good') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Skillfulness :wnsense "skillfulness1n" ; :wordnet "skillfulness" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Skillfulness'' is a state of a Person who is ''Skilled'. NOTE the WN gloss says 'cognitively' but this applies to manual dexterity and technical and artistic expertise as well. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'skillfulness' in WordNet: 1. skillfulness - (the state of being cognitively skillful) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skilled ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :Skimming :wnsense "skim6v" ; :wordnet "skim" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some Object(s) or quantity of Substance(s) are removed from the surface of a liquid - Whether in order to make the surface clear of undesired material, or conversely to gather the material on the surface for use. The parent ''Gathering'' is included since the material skimmed is usually kept in some receiver, at least temporarily, and even if for disposal. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skim' in WordNet: 6. skim, skim off, cream off, cream - (remove from the surface; 'skim cream from the surface of milk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClearingaSurface, :Gathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceFilm ] . :Skimpy :isTheOppositeOf :Enough ; :wnsense "lean3adj", "skimpy1adj" ; :wordnet "lean", "skimpy" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Skimpy'' is similar to ''Meager'' - 'barely sufficient'. Hard to distinguish usage. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'skimpy' in Wordnet: 1. lean, skimpy - (containing little excess; 'a lean budget'; 'a skimpy allowance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deficient, :SufficiencyValue, :Unsatisfactory . :Skin :guid "bd58d7dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToCover :AnimalBodyPart ; :ldoce "skin" ; :wnsense "skin1n" ; :wordnet "skin" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :CoveringType, :SheetType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of animal skin. A piece of skin may or may not have hairs on it; a piece of skin removed from the animal is still an instance of this type. This is an Object: for the substance of which Skin is composed, use 'SkinTissue'; each 'Hide-BodyPart'.has some piece of 'Skin' as a physical part. For a whole skin (removed from the rest of the animal) use ''Hide''. Cyc: A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$Skin is an outer protective and tactile sensory covering (or part of such a covering) for (part of) an animal's body. This collection includes both the entire skins of animals, as well as proper parts of such skins (such as Yul Brynner's scalp). SUMO: A BodyCovering that comprises part of the surface of Animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skin' in WordNet: 1. (11) skin, tegument, cutis - (a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch; 'your skin is the largest organ of your body') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :BodyCovering, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SolidObject, :TactileSensor, :VibrationThroughAMediumSensor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkinTissue ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :SkinCancer :wnsense "skin cancer1n" ; :wordnet "skin cancer" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skin cancer' in WordNet: 1. skin cancer - (a malignant neoplasm of the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cancer, :SkinDisease . :SkinDisease :wnsense "skin disease1n" ; :wordnet "skin disease" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'Disease' affecting the skin of an animal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skin disease' in WordNet: 1. skin disease, disease of the skin, skin disorder, skin problem, skin condition - (a disease affecting the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :SkinDiving :wnsense "skin diving1n", "skin-dive1n", "skin-dive1v" ; :wordnet "skin diving", "skin-dive" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SkinDiving'' is a ''SwimmingUnderwater'' while using some Device that allows breathing while the face and nose remain underwater. This can be with a snorkel mask or a ''SCUBA''. The deep diving in a diving suit attachedto an air line from a ship above is not included. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skin-dive' in WordNet: 1. skin-dive - (swim underwater with a breathing apparatus) WN noun 'skin diving': 1. skin diving, skin-dive - (underwater swimming with a breathing apparatus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SwimmingUnderwater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BreathingDevice ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :SkinSensation :wnsense "cutaneous sensation1n", "skin sensation1n" ; :wordnet "cutaneous sensation", "skin sensation" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SkinSensation'' is ''Sensation'' that is or seems to be localized to the skin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skin sensation' in WordNet: 1. cutaneous sensation, haptic sensation, skin sensation - (a sensation localized on the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :SkinTissue :ldoce "skin" ; :wnsense "skin1n" ; :wordnet "skin" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SkinTissue' is the tisue of which a piece of skin is composed. This is a substance - a piece of skin is an instance of 'Skin'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalTissue . :Skinny :isTheOppositeOf :Fat ; :wnsense "scraggy1adj", "scrawny1adj", "skinny1adj", "underweight1adj" ; :wordnet "scraggy", "scrawny", "skinny", "underweight" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Skinny'' is applied mostly to People who are very 'Lean', to the extent of being 'underweight'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'skinny' in Wordnet: 1. (2) scraggy, boney, scrawny, skinny, underweight, weedy - (being very thin; 'a child with skinny freckled legs'; 'a long scrawny neck') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lean . :Skipping :eng "skipping" ; :wnsense "hop-skip1v", "hop1v", "skip3v" ; :wordnet "hop", "hop-skip", "skip" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The locomotion process using feet, not ;''SkippingSomething''. A subtype of ''Jumping'' that uses less force and causes a shorter forward movement. A 'skip' may be done on one leg, whereas 'jumping' usually needs two legs to propel sufficiently. NOTE: logical difference is still unresolved Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'skip' in WordNet: 3. (1) hop, skip, hop-skip - (jump lightly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ambulation, :Jumping . :SkippingOverSomething :eng "skipping" ; :wnsense "bypass1v", "leave out1v", "leave out2v", "neglect1v", "omission4n", "omit2v", "pass over2v", "skip over1v", "skip1v" ; :wordnet "bypass", "leave out", "neglect", "omission", "omit", "pass over", "skip", "skip over" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SkippingOverSomething'' Is an Event (or part of a series of events) where an Agent intentionally or unintentionally does not do something to one of a list of things that the agent does do to others. (1) The Action that is done to other things that is not done to the thing 'skipped' *may be* (optionally) pointed to by the relation ''hasAttemptedAction'', for the case where the omission was unintentional. (2) The Event that did not happen is pointed to by the (inherited) relation 'hasEventNotOccurring'; (3) the thing 'skipped' (object not acted on, event, whatever) is pointed to by the 'hasThingSkipped' relation. This type includes intentional and unintentional omission (as when another agent does not know of the omission was intentional or not). For intentional omission of things use the subtype ''ExceptingSomething''. The only verb sense of 'bypass' in WordNet is close but not exactly of this meaning, but is included as a term because part of its meaning is similar Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'skip' and verb sense 1 of 'omit' in WordNet: 1. (7) jump, pass over, skip, skip over - (bypass; 'He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible') 2. neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, miss, leave out, overlook, overleap - (leave undone or leave out; 'How could I miss that typo?'; 'The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten') WN verb 'bypass': 1. (4) bypass, short-circuit, go around, get around - (avoid something unpleasant or laborious; 'You cannot bypass these rules!') WN noun 'omission': 4. omission - (neglecting to do something; leaving out or passing over something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DidNotHappenEvent, :Inaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSkipped ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Skirmish :wnsense "brush5n", "clash4n", "encounter1n", "skirmish1n" ; :wordnet "brush", "clash", "encounter", "skirmish" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Skirmish'' is a fight between organized groups, not necessarily military, that is not prolonged and involves relatively small groups. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skirmish' in WordNet: 1. (3) brush, clash, encounter, skirmish - (a minor short-term fight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fight-Physical . :Skirt :guid "bd58dd4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "skirt" ; :wnsense "skirt2n" ; :wordnet "skirt" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Skirt differs from Pants in that Pants have two parts that fit the legs closely, but skirts do not. Certain garments that look like skirts may have cloth between the legs (culottes, 'kirts'), and these are not included in this type, even if the outside line forms the traditional bell-shaped silhouette. This follows definition 2 from RHW, in that a 'Skirt' is not joined between the legs. This type also does *not* include the meaning of 'skirt' as the lower portion of a dress (see ''SkirtBottom''). This does not include Scottish kilts. RHW 'skirt' 2. a one-piece garment extending downward from the waist and not joined between the legs, worn esp. by women and girls. A specialization of #$Clothing-Bottom. Each instance of #$Skirt is an item of clothing intended to cover the lower part of the body. Skirts are typically women's clothing, but instances of the specialization #$Kilt (q.v.) are skirts traditionally worn by men in Scotland. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'skirt' in WordNet: 2. (2) skirt - - (a garment hanging from the waist; worn mainly by girls and women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Bottom, :DurableGood . :SkirtBottom :ldoce "skirt" ; :wnsense "skirt1n" ; :wordnet "skirt" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SkirtBottom'' is the bottom part of a ''Dress'' that covers the hip and part or all of the legs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skirt' in WordNet: 1. (4) skirt - (cloth covering that forms the part of a garment below the waist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Bottom, :DurableGood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dress ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :SkirtHoop :wnsense "hoop1n" ; :wordnet "hoop" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hoop' in Wordnet: 1. (1) hoop - (a light curved skeleton to spread out a skirt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :ClothingAccessory, :Framework, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoopSkirt ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoopSkirt ; owl:onProperty :supportsPartly ] . :Skittish :isAnAttributeValueOf :NonHumanAnimal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :FrighteningEvent, :Spooking ; :wnsense "flighty2adj", "nervous5adj", "skittish1adj", "spooky1adj" ; :wordnet "flighty", "nervous", "skittish", "spooky" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Skittish'' is a subattribute of ''EasilyAgitated'' characterizing Animals (including people) that easily get afraid, and (for animals) may run away from fear. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'skittish' in Wordnet: 1. skittish, flighty, spooky, nervous - (unpredictably excitable (especially of horses)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Skull :guid "bd58ceb1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "skull1n" ; :wordnet "skull" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The protective skeletal encasing of the the brain; includes the Jaw. SUMO: The Bone that is found in the Heads of Vertebrates. This is a part of the ''Skeleton'' - see ''Bone'' for the restriction. parts of the skull in WN: calvaria, skullcap -- (the dome of the skull) cranium, braincase, brainpan -- (the part of the skull that encloses the brain) occiput -- (back part of the head or skull) sinciput -- (the front part of the head or skull (including the forehead)) jaw -- (the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skull' in Wordnet: 1. (5) skull - (the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Skullcap :guid "c10af3db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "skullcap1n" ; :wordnet "skullcap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: a small tight-fitting cap. Aka yarmulke. NOTE: 'Yarmulke'' is a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skullcap' in WordNet: 1. (1) skullcap - (rounded brimless cap fitting the crown of the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brim ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ] . :Skunk :guid "bd58d159-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "polecat1n", "skunk4n", "wood pussy1n" ; :wordnet "polecat", "skunk", "wood pussy" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skunk' in Wordnet: 4. skunk, polecat, wood pussy - (American musteline mammal typically ejecting an intensely malodorous fluid when startled; in some classifications put in a separate subfamily Mephitinae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mustelidae . :Sky :ldoce "sky" ; :wnsense "sky1n" ; :wordnet "sky" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Earth's sky, as seen from locations on the Earth's surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sky' in WordNet: 1. (49) sky - - (the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :SpatialThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterSpace ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ] ; owl:disjointWith :GeographicalArea . :SkyDiving :guid "c07ac36b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sky dive1v", "skydive1v", "skydiving1n" ; :wordnet "sky dive", "skydive", "skydiving" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of actions in which a person jumps from a high altitude using a parachute to retard his velocity toward the earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skydiving' and verb sense 1 of 'skydive' in Wordnet: 1. skydiving - (performing acrobatics in free fall before pulling the ripcord of a parachute) WN verb 'skydive': 1. sky dive, skydive - (jump from an airplane and perform various maneuvers before opening one's parachute) the ripcord of a parachute) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Descending, :HumanActivity, :OutdoorActivity . :SkyeTerrier :wnsense "Skye terrier1n" ; :wordnet "Skye terrier" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Skye terrier' in WordNet: 1. Skye terrier - (Scottish breed of terrier with shaggy hair and long low body with short legs; native to the Isle of Skye) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Terrier . :Skyline :wnsense "skyline1n" ; :wordnet "skyline" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Skyline'' is an Outline objects seen against the sky, which may include a View of the sides of those Object from the vantage point of the viewer. (Thus not precisely an 'outline'?) Used often to refer to the 'skyline' of a City with prominent tall buildings. 'The skyline of New York' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skyline' in WordNet: 1. skyline - (the outline of objects seen against the sky) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Outline . :Skyscraper :guid "bd58c70c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "skyscraper1n" ; :wordnet "skyscraper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Modern, urban buildings with many, many stories. Often contain many offices. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'skyscraper' in Wordnet: 1. (1) skyscraper - (a very tall building with many stories) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficeBuilding, :TallBuilding, :Tower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Custom-Made ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tall ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Slab :wnsense "slab1n" ; :wordnet "slab" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Slab'' is a ''Block'' with both length and width at east five times as large as the thickness. It is approximately flat and not perceptible curved. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slab' in WordNet: 1. (3) slab - (block consisting of a thick piece of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Block . :Slacks :guid "be01fabd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "slacks1n" ; :wordnet "slacks" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slacks' in WordNet: 1. (4) slacks - ((usually in the plural) pants for casual wear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trousers, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Casual-OfClothing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Slaked :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SlakingaThirst ; :wnsense "slaked1adj" ; :wordnet "slaked" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Slaked'' is an AttributeValue of a ''Thirst'' that has been reduced by a ''SlakingaThirst'' Action. Corresponds to part (specifically for Thirst) of adjective sense 1 of 'slaked' in Wordnet: 1. quenched, satisfied, slaked - (allayed; 'his thirst quenched he was able to continue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fulfilled, :PastParticiple . :SlakedLime :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_CaO2H2 ; :wnsense "calcium hydroxide1n", "lime1n", "slaked lime1n" ; :wordnet "calcium hydroxide", "lime", "slaked lime" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] as contrasted with lmestone (mostly CaCO3) or 'slaked lime' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slaked lime' in WordNet: 1. calcium hydroxide, lime, slaked lime, hydrated lime, calcium hydrate, caustic lime, lime hydrate - (a caustic substance produced by heating limestone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calcium ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hydrogen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ] . :SlakingaThirst :wnsense "allay2v", "assuage2v", "quench1v", "slake1v" ; :wordnet "allay", "assuage", "quench", "slake" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SlakingaThirst'' is a ''SatisfyingHungerOrThirst'' in which an Animal drinks some water or water-based beverage to reduce or eliminate a sensation of ''Thirst' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slake' in WordNet: 1. quench, slake, allay, assuage - (satisfy (thirst); 'The cold water quenched his thirst') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SatisfyingHungerOrThirst, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thirst ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :SlammingSomethingShut :reversesTheEffectOf :OpeningSomething ; :wnsense "slam1v" ; :wordnet "slam" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SlammingSomethingShut'' is a ''ClosingSomething'' (door, drawer, container with lid) Action that takes place with sufficient force to cause a 'slamming' noise (usually distinguishable from other noises.) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'slam' in WordNet: 1. (8) slam, bang - (close violently; 'He slammed the door shut') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosingSomething, :DirectedTranslation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredLaterThan ; owl:someValuesFrom :OpeningSomething ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpeningSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Noise ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Slat :wnsense "slat1n" ; :wordnet "slat" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Slat'' is a ''Strip'' made of Wood. It differs from a ''Board'' in having a relatively small cross-sectional dimension. The ratio of the sides in the Rectangular cross-section is typically 3:1 to 5:1. Corresponds to part (wood) of noun sense 1 of 'slat' in Wordnet: 1. (2) slat, spline - (a thin strip (wood or metal)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Slate :wnsense "slate3n" ; :wordnet "slate" ; a :StoneType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of stone consisting mostly of layered sedimentary material. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slate' in Wordnet: 3. slate - (a fine-grained metamorphic rock that can be split into thin layers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stone . :SlateColor :en "slate", "slate gray", "slate-colored" ; :guid "573e7da0-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "slate-gray1adj", "slate-grey1adj", "slatey1adj", "slaty-gray1adj", "slaty-grey1adj", "slaty1adj", "stone-gray1adj", "stone-grey1adj" ; :wordnet "slate-gray", "slate-grey", "slatey", "slaty", "slaty-gray", "slaty-grey", "stone-gray", "stone-grey" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slate-grey' in Wordnet: 1. slate-grey, slate-gray, slaty-grey, slaty-gray, slaty, slatey, stone-grey, stone-gray - (of the color of slate or granite; 'the slaty sky of dawn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :SlaughteringAnimals :wnsense "butcher1v", "slaughter1n", "slaughter1v" ; :wordnet "butcher", "slaughter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SlaughteringAnimals'' is a killing of animals for use as food, whether done by a small farmmon a small scale or a large scale. 'led like lambs to the slaughter'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slaughter' in WordNet: 1. (3) butcher, slaughter - (kill (animals) usually for food consumption; 'They slaughtered their only goat to survive the winter') WN noun 'slaughter': 1. (3) slaughter - (the killing of animals (as for food)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Killing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FarmAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Butchering ; owl:onProperty :precedes ] . :Slave :guid "bfed91ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "slave" ; :wnsense "slave1n" ; :wordnet "slave" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who is owned by another Person; This can occur only in places where slavery is legal or accepted in the absence of an authority that can enforce law, and is de facto legal. A ''Slave'' is a Person who is treated as legal ''Property'' belonging to another Person (a ''Slaveholder'') who can order the Slave to perform work without being paid. **However** in COSMO a ''Slave'' is a ''ValuableThing' but the term ''Property'' is used only for non-human valuable things. CYC 'Slave': A person who is bound to hard servitude without any meaningful compensation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slave' in WordNet: 1. (18) slave - - (a person who is owned by someone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :SlavelikeRole, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Slaveholder ] ; owl:disjointWith :Property . :SlaveLabor a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UnpaidWork'' that is performed involuntarily, not necessarily by a formal 'slave'. Nothing in WN. In RHW senses 2 and 3: 2, labor done by slaves. 3, any coerced or poorly remunerated work: 'Typing at that salary is slave labor'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnpaidWork . :Slaveholder :wnsense "slave owner1n", "slaveholder1n", "slaver2n" ; :wordnet "slave owner", "slaveholder", "slaver" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Slaveholder'' is a Person who owns a ''Slave'' and who can order the Slave to perform work without being paid. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slaveholder' in WordNet: 1. slaveholder, slave owner, slaver - (someone who owns slaves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :owns ; owl:someValuesFrom :Slave ] . :Slavelike :ldoce "slave" ; :pertainsTo :Slave ; :wnsense "slave1adj" ; :wordnet "slave" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Slavelike' is the attribute meaning 'being a slave' or 'similar to or pertaining to slaves' as in 'slave labor' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slave' in WordNet: 1. slave - - (held in servitude; 'he was born of slave parents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SlavelikeRole :guid "bfed91ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who is either (1) owned by another Person. (This can occur only in places where slavery is legal or accepted in the absence of an authority that can enforce law) or (2) is forced by threat of violence to work for someone without meaningful compensation and without the choice of leaving.. This is called 'Slave' in Cyc, but 'Slave' in COSMO is restricted to actually owned persons, not just those forced to work in slave-like conditions. Those who work 'as a slave' where slavery is not legal, and where such activity must be hidden (w.g. 'sex slaves') are instances of this type. Actual ''Slave''s are represented by ''Slave''. Cyc: 'Slave': A person who is bound to hard servitude without any meaningful compensation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole . :Slavery :isPerformedBy :Slave ; :wnsense "bondage2n", "slavery1n", "thraldom1n", "thrall1n", "thralldom1n" ; :wordnet "bondage", "slavery", "thraldom", "thrall", "thralldom" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Slavery'' is the ''SocialState''of an individual ''Slave''. The social 'institution' would be a separate type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slavery' in WordNet: 1. (9) bondage, slavery, thrall, thralldom, thraldom - (the state of being under the control of another person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalCircumstances, :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slave ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ownership ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Slavish :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Person ; :wnsense "slavish2adj", "subservient3adj" ; :wordnet "slavish", "subservient" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being ''Slavish'' is an intensive form of being ''Servile'', sufficiently so that the insincerity is obvious to anyone. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'slavish' in Wordnet: 2. slavish, subservient, submissive - (abjectly submissive; characteristic of a slave or servant; 'slavish devotion to her job ruled her life'; 'a slavish yes-man to the party bosses'- S.H.Adams; 'she has become submissive and subservient') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Servile . :Sled :guid "bd588ddc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sled1n", "sledge1n", "sleigh1n" ; :wordnet "sled", "sledge", "sleigh" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for play or sport and excludes sleds that are pulled by dogs or horses; for that, used the sister type ''DogSled''. Corresponds to part noun sense 1 of 'sled' in WordNet: 1. sled, sledge, sleigh - (a vehicle mounted on runners and pulled by horses or dogs; for transportation over snow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice, :SnowSurfaceTransporter, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Runner ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :SledgeHammer :wnsense "maul1n", "sledge2n", "sledgehammer1n" ; :wordnet "maul", "sledge", "sledgehammer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SledgeHammer'' is a ''Hammer'' with a heavy head that is close to cylindrical in shape, and is flat at both ends, and unlike a carpenter's Hammer, does not have a claw at one end for pulling nails. This type of ''Hammer'' is usually used for pounding objects like stakes into the ground, or for other 'pounding' actions that need more force than a typical carpenter's hammer. NOTE: the WN gloss specifies a long-handled two-hand Hammer, but this type includes the shorter-handled type of ''Sledgehammer'' that can be wielded with one hand (represented as subtype ''LumpHammer''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sledgehammer' in WordNet: 1. maul, sledge, sledgehammer - (a heavy long-handled hammer used to drive stakes or wedges) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hammer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heavy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SleepDisorder :wnsense "sleep disorder1n" ; :wordnet "sleep disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Insomnia''is an ''UpsetCondition'' in which a Person has more than normal dificulty falling asleep.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleep disorder' in WordNet: 1. sleep disorder - (a disturbance of the normal sleep pattern) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UpsetCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :SleepWalking :wnsense "sleepwalk1v", "somnambulate1v" ; :wordnet "sleepwalk", "somnambulate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SleepWalking'' is the ''Unusual'' Action of a Person walking while still asleep. Not common. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sleepwalk' in WordNet: 1. sleepwalk, somnambulate - (walk in one's sleep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess, :SleepingEvent, :UnusualThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingPerson ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SleepWear :guid "bd58ee34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "nightclothes1n", "nightwear1n", "sleepwear1n" ; :wordnet "nightclothes", "nightwear", "sleepwear" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Clothes you wear when you're ready to sleep at night, or after you wake up in the morning - clothes that are worn during sleep, and during the transition period between sleep and wakeful activity and vice versa Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'SleepWear' in WordNet: 1. nightwear, sleepwear, nightclothes - (garments designed to be worn in bed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvelopingCovering, :Garment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :SleepingAtaCrashPad a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SleepingAtaCrashPad'' is a ''BeddingDown'' (getting into bed) at some place not one's usual residence, and not a ''TemporaryLodgings''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'bed down' in WordNet: 1. (1) bed down, bunk down - (go to bed; 'We bedded down at midnight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeddingDown, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CrashPad ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :SleepingBag :guid "be01033d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sleeping bag1n" ; :wordnet "sleeping bag" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of sleeping bags. A sleeping bag is an insulated bag which zips open to allow easier access and is intended to keep one warm when sleeping outside. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleeping bag' in WordNet: 1. (1) sleeping bag - (large padded bag designed to be slept in outdoors; usually rolls up like a bedroll) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bag, :InsulatingCover . :SleepingEvent :guid "bd58d29b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sleep" ; :wnsense "catch some Z's1v", "kip1v", "log Z's1v", "sleep1n", "sleep1v", "sleeping1n", "slumber1n", "slumber1v" ; :wordnet "catch some Z's", "kip", "log Z's", "sleep", "sleeping", "slumber" ; a :ActionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ''SleepingEvent'' is the ''PhysiologicalCondition'' of being asleep and not awake. NOTE: in WN this is a form of 'resting' but in COSMO a ''Resting-RelaxingEvent'' is performed while ''Awake''. One may 'doze off' and sleep unintentionally while trying to stay awake, as at boring meetings. Cyc: The collection of all #$Sleeping events, i.e., natural processes in which an #$Animal engages in some unconscious mental activity coupled with physical rest. #$Sleeping is a subcollection of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary; the process of #$Sleeping is essential for the health of sentient animals. NOTE: 'kip is a chiefly British usage: RHW verb 'kip': 3. to sleep or nap. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'sleep' in WordNet: WN noun 'sleep': 1. (23) sleep, slumber - - (a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended; 'he didn't get enough sleep last night'; 'calm as a child in dreamless slumber') WN verb 'sleep': 1. (58) sleep, kip, slumber, log Z's, catch some Z's - - (be asleep) WN noun 'sleeping': 1. (1) sleeping - (the state of being asleep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, :NormalOrganismCondition, :UnconsciousnessOrSleeping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asleep ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingPerson ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GoingToBed ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFollows ] . :SleepingPerson :wnsense "sleeper1n", "slumberer1n" ; :wordnet "sleeper", "slumberer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SleepingPerson'' is a ''Person'' who is ''Asleep''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'sleeper' (includes people who are ''SleepWalking'') in WordNet: 1. (1) sleeper, slumberer - (a rester who is sleeping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asleep ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sleepless :isAnAttributeValueOf :Insomniac, :Person ; :wnsense "insomniac1adj", "sleepless1adj" ; :wordnet "insomniac", "sleepless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: 'watchful' seems to be archaic. Left out so as not toconfuse it with 'alert'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sleepless' in Wordnet: 1. insomniac, sleepless, watchful - (experiencing or accompanied by sleeplessness; \"insomniac old people\"; \"insomniac nights\"; \"lay sleepless all night\"; \"twenty watchful, weary, tedious nights\"- Shakespeare) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sleepover :wnsense "sleepover1n" ; :wordnet "sleepover" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Visit'' that includes ''StayingOvernight'' and typically sleeping at the place where one is visiting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleepover' in WordNet: 1. sleepover - (an occasion of spending a night away from home or having a guest spend the night in your home (especially as a party for children)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGathering, :Visiting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visitor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StayingOvernight ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Sleepyhead :wnsense "sleepyhead1n" ; :wordnet "sleepyhead" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sleepyhead'' is a Person who is ''Drowsy'' ('sleepy'). This is not usually applied to infants, who sleep frequently. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleepyhead' in WordNet: 1. sleepyhead - (a sleepy person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drowsy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sleet :wnsense "sleet1n" ; :wordnet "sleet" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sleet' is substance, a form of ice (water) that is composed of many small and approximately cubic crystals that have precipitated from the sky. This includes the sleet **still falling** as well as sleet that is on the ground. NOTE that the difference between sleet and snow is the shape of the crystals, but that imparts special qualities, including a higher density of the fallen and compacted ''Sleet'', and potentially large sizes for the''Sleet'' crystals. The difference between ''Sleet'' and ''Hail'' is that sleet may be partly melted, and 'Hail'' should be solid with no liquid water when it falls. NOTE: In COSMO ''Hail'' is a subtype of ''Sleet'', being all solid. British usage - more like snow. Which is it? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleet' in WordNet: 1. sleet - (partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :Ice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleetEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasComponentSubstance ] . :SleetEvent :eng "sleeting" ; :wnsense "sleet1v" ; :wordnet "sleet" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any sleetstorm large or small. NOTE that 'sleet' is a form of precipitation consisting of ''Ice'', not (as in WN) a mixture of rain and snow; Such a mixture should be 'slush'. NOTE that RHW distinguishes a sense closer to WN: 1. precipitation in the form of ice pellets created by the freezing of rain as it falls (distinguished from hail). 3. Chiefly Brit. a mixture of rain and snow. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sleet' in WordNet: 1. sleet - (precipitate as a mixture of rain and snow; 'If the temperature rises above freezing, it will probably sleet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterPrecipitationProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleet ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sleety :guid "c0fdec49-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Sleet ; :wnsense "sleety1adj" ; :wordnet "sleety" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The current condition of having some sleet. NOTE: this attribute can characterize the weather, or the skies, or the ground on which some''Sleet' has fallen. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sleety' in Wordnet: 1. sleety - (consisting of or of the nature of frozen or partially frozen rain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SleeveOfGarment :guid "bd590a57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToCover :Arm ; :wnsense "arm6n", "sleeve1n" ; :wordnet "arm", "sleeve" ; a :ClothingType, :CoveringType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of garment sleeves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sleeve' in WordNet: 1. (5) sleeve, arm - (the part of a garment that is attached at the armhole and that provides a cloth covering for the arm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :SomethingToWearPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-Ringlike ] . :Sleeveless :isAnAttributeValueOf :Clothing-Top ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :LackingSleeves ; :wnsense "sleeveless1adj" ; :wordnet "sleeveless" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sleeveless'' is an AttributeValue of a ''Clothing-Top'' that has no ''SleeveOfGarment'' that covers either arm. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sleeveless' in Wordnet: 1. sleeveless - (having no sleeves; 'sleeveless summer dresses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sleighing :eng "sledding", "sleighing" ; :wnsense "sled1v", "sleigh1v" ; :wordnet "sled", "sleigh" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sleighing'' is the Action of 'riding' in a ''Sled'' whether as the driver or as a Passenger. This includes riding in a horse-drawn 'sleigh' or riding on one's belly in a child's 'sled' that goes downhill by gravity. For now 'tobogganing' in a toboggan (which is not a subtype of ''Sled'') is included, but gravity-propelled 'sledding' and tobogganing should be distinguished subtypes. 'What fun it is to ride and sing a sleighing song tonight.' (Jingle Bells) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sleigh' in WordNet: 1. sled, sleigh - (ride (on) a sled) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingInaVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sled ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sled ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Slender :ldoce "slight" ; :wnsense "slender1adj", "slight3adj", "slim1adj" ; :wordnet "slender", "slight", "slim" ; a :AppearanceType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Slender' things are (relatively) small in circumference. This can apply to parts of objects, as 'a slender waist'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'slight' in RHW: 3. slender or slim; not heavily built Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slender', 3 of 'slight' and sense 1 of 'slim' in WordNet: 1. (6) slender, slight, slim, svelte - - (being of delicate or slender build; 'she was slender as a willow shoot is slender'- Frank Norris; 'a slim girl with straight blonde hair'; 'watched her slight figure cross the street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SliceOfBread :guid "bd58eeec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'Bread-Slice' in Cyc: Cyc: A slice of #$Bread.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreadObject, :SliceOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LoafOfBread ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ] . :SliceOfCheese a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SliceOfSomething'' where the 'something' is ''Cheese''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SliceOfFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cheese ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :SliceOfFood :en "slice of Food" ; :wnsense "piece8n", "slice2n" ; :wordnet "piece", "slice" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One Slice of any kind of ''Food''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slice' in WordNet: 2. (2) piece, slice - (a serving that has been cut from a larger portion; 'a piece of pie'; 'a slice of bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodPortion, :SliceOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Food ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SliceOfMeat :en "slice of meat" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One Slice of any kind of meat. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food-ReadyToEat, :SliceOfFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SliceOfPie :en "piece of pie", "slice of pie" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SliceOfPie'' is a sector-shaped portion of some ''Pie'' (not the whole pie). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BakedFoodObject, :DessertFood, :PreparedFood, :SectorShapedObject, :SliceOfFood, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pie ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieFilling ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :SliceOfSomething :wnsense "slice5n" ; :wordnet "slice" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SliceOfSomething' is a PhysicalObject that is sheet-like and has been cut from a larger object. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'slice' in WordNet: 5. slice - (a thin flat piece cut off of some object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :PieceOfAnObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SlicingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :Sliced :isAnAttributeValueOf :Bread, :Meat ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SlicingSomething ; :wnsense "sliced2adj" ; :wordnet "sliced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the WN gloss refers only to 'meat' but this type characterizes sliced ''Bread'' also. For food cut into small pieces, use ''Chopped''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sliced' in Wordnet: 2. sliced - (used of meat; cut into pieces for serving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SlicingSomething :en "slicing" ; :wnsense "slice3v" ; :wordnet "slice" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SlicingSomething'' is the Action in which a person or machine cuts a SolidObject into one or more ''SliceOfSomething''s. Sometimes slicing a food object such as a turkey or ham is referred to as 'carving' - see ''CarvingFood''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'slice' in Wordnet: 3. (1) slice, slice up - (cut into slices; 'Slice the salami, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarvingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :SliceOfSomething ] . :Slide :ldoce "slide" ; :wnsense "slide4n" ; :wordnet "slide" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Slide' is any of various devices having some inclined surface (straight or curved), usually with side supports to prevent falling off, and ending near the ground, down which people (often children) can slide, with or without a supporting small seat, for purposees of entertainment. This includes water slides. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 4 of 'slide' in WordNet: 4. (1) slide - (plaything consisting of a sloping chute down which children can slide) or rocks or snow etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentDevice, :PlaygroundObject . :SlideProjector :wnsense "slide projector1n" ; :wordnet "slide projector" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slide projector' in WordNet: 1. slide projector - (projector that projects an enlarged image of a slide onto a screen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Projector, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LanternSlide ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Sliding :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Sliding-Generic ; :wnsense "sliding1adj" ; :wordnet "sliding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sliding' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sliding - (being a smooth continuous motion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InMotion . :Sliding-Generic :guid "bd58eb60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "slide", "slip" ; :wnsense "skid1v", "slide1v", "slide3v", "slip3v" ; :wordnet "skid", "slide", "slip" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the most general collection about the rubbing, sliding or skidding processes that occur between solid objects in physical contact. #$Sliding-Generic is disjoint with #$RollingOnASurface: In instances of #$RollingOnASurface flush surface regions of the slider and the slidee do not translate relative to each other during for the brief moment that they are in contact. By contrast, such flush surface regions are translating relative to each other during instances of #$Sliding-Generic. Typical examples include objects sliding, slipping, or skidding. Negative examples include balls rolling (the contact surfaces do not translate relative to one another) and water flowing in a conduit (because the #$objectMoving is not solid). All things being equal friction involved with sliding is greater than that with rolling. See also #$Sliding-LowFriction, a low friction kind of #$Sliding-Generic to be contrasted with it high friction sibling, #$Rubbing. Includes 'slipping' and 'skidding' as well as transitive and intransitive senses of 'slide' Includes verb sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'slide', sense 3 of 'slip' and sense 1 and 4 of 'skid' in WordNet, but does not necessarily imply sideways movement; in WordNet: 1. (18) skid, slip, slue, slew, slide - - (move obliquely or sideways, usually in an uncontrolled manner; 'the wheels skidded against the sidewalk') 3. (3) slide - - (move smoothly along a surface; 'He slid the money over to the other gambler') WN 'skid': 1. (3) skid - - (slide without control; 'the car skidded in the curve on the wet road') 4. skid, slip, slue, slew, slide - - (move obliquely or sideways, usually in an uncontrolled manner; 'the wheels skidded against the sidewalk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion-SolidAgainstSolid . :Sliding-LowFriction :eng "sliding" ; :guid "bd58c876-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "slide3v" ; :wordnet "slide" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A process of moving along a surface with all points of the moving object having the same trajectory. This is for sliding without rotating, as happens often in a 'skid'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slide' in WordNet: 3. (3) slide - - (move smoothly along a surface; 'He slid the money over to the other gambler') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sliding-Generic . :SlidingInAndOutOfSomething :en "sliding in and out" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SlidingInAndOutOfSomething'' is a form of ''Sliding-Generic'' that can be performed by artifacts designed to be inserted and withdrawn from a larger artifact,or may be something performed by parts of an Organism. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReciprocatingMotion, :Sliding-Generic . :SlidingOverSnowOrIce a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action of Some SolidObject moving over the surface of packed ''Snow'' or ''Ice'. When done intentionally, it uses some Device designed to minimize the friction and allow control of the movement. This can be done as transportation event, as with a DogSled, or for sport, as with skis or ice skates. This does not include uninentional 'slipping' on Ice. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :Sliding-Generic . :Slimy :guid "bd58ff7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingResembling :Gook ; :wnsense "slimy1n" ; :wordnet "slimy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC Slimy. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slimy' in Wordnet: 1. slimed, slimy - (covered with or resembling slime; 'a slimy substance covered the rocks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sling :wnsense "sling5n" ; :wordnet "sling" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is specific for the 'sling' that supports an injured arm. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'sling' in WordNet: 5. sling, scarf bandage, triangular bandage - (bandage to support an injured forearm; consisting of a wide triangular piece of cloth hanging from around the neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bandage, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :Slingshot :guid "c1008879-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sling2n", "slingshot1n" ; :wordnet "sling", "slingshot" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slingshot' in WordNet: 1. (1) slingshot, sling, catapult - (a plaything consisting of a Y-shaped stick with elastic between the arms; used to propel small stones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandHeldObject, :ProjectileLauncher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Y-shaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RubberStrip ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MarbleSizedObject ; owl:onProperty :propels ] . :SlipUndergarment :wnsense "half-slip1n", "petticoat1n", "underskirt1n" ; :wordnet "half-slip", "petticoat", "underskirt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An undergarment worn by women. Includes both those with and without a top portion covering the upper torso. A 'petticoat' would be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 11 of 'slip' and sense 1 of 'petticoat'in WordNet: 11. chemise, shimmy, shift, slip, teddy - (a woman's sleeveless undergarment) WN noun 'half-slip': 1. petticoat, half-slip, underskirt - (undergarment worn under a skirt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Underwear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleeveless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Slipper :guid "bd58a4e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bd58ea87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "slipper1n" ; :wordnet "slipper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FootwearItem'' similar to a Shoe, but softer and more flexible and intended to be worn indoors. (but Glass slipper??) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slipper' in Wordnet: 1. (5) slipper, carpet slipper - (low footwear that can be slipped on and off easily; usually worn indoors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FootwearItem . :Slippery :guid "b492f1de-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "slippery" ; :wnsense "slippery1adj" ; :wordnet "slippery" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TextureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having a surface presenting little friction, and little resistance to rubbing, slipping, or sliding. 'slippery when wet'. Also applies to substances (e.g. grease) that make a surface slippery (should be distingsuished?) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slippery' in WordNet: 1. (3) slippery, slippy - - (causing or tending to cause things to slip or slide; 'slippery sidewalks'; 'a slippery bar of soap'; 'the streets are still slippy from the rain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, :SurfaceAttributeValue . :Slipping :eng "slipping" ; :guid "bd58832c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "slip" ; :wnsense "skid1v", "skid4v", "slew2v", "slide1v", "slip3v", "slue2v" ; :wordnet "skid", "slew", "slide", "slip", "slue" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Instances of #$Slipping are instances of #$Sliding-Generic in which some agent did not intend the #$objectMovings to slide. If an #$objectMoving is an #$Agent, then it is a #$nonDeliberateActors in that sliding. If the #$objectMoving is not an agent, then there exists some agent which intends for it not to slide at the moment of slippage. Includes 'slipping' and 'skidding' as well as transitive and intransitive senses of 'slide' Includes verb sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'slide', sense 3 of 'slip' and sense 1 and 4 of 'skid' in WordNet, but does not necessarily imply sideways movement; in WordNet: 1. (18) skid, slip, slue, slew, slide - - (move obliquely or sideways, usually in an uncontrolled manner; 'the wheels skidded against the sidewalk') WN 'skid': 1. (3) skid - - (slide without control; 'the car skidded in the curve on the wet road') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sliding-LowFriction . :Slipshod :wnsense "haphazard2adj", "slapdash1adj", "slipshod1adj", "sloppy6adj" ; :wordnet "haphazard", "slapdash", "slipshod", "sloppy" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Slipshod'' is the attribute of Actions that are performed Carelessly, including working on physical objects as well as intellectual tasks. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slipshod' in Wordnet: 1. haphazard, slapdash, slipshod, sloppy - (marked by great carelessness; 'a most haphazard system of record keeping'; 'slapdash work'; 'slipshod spelling'; 'sloppy workmanship') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Careless . :Slit :wnsense "slit1n" ; :wordnet "slit" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Slit'' is a ''PhysicalPartOfObject'' that immediately surrounds some ''Opening'' in a ''ArtifactObject'' that is longer than it is wide.This is classified as a ''LongAndThinThing'' though the side 'slit' in a dress may not be thin, if there is a significant overlap of adjoining pieces. The ''Slit'' includes some minimal part of the object surrounding the ''Opening''. The ''Slit'' does not have to be in a ''SheetOfSomeStuff' though it usually is. It just has to surround an''Opening'' that is long and thin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slit' in WordNet: 1. (5) slit - (a long narrow opening) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :LongAndThinThing, :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtifactObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opening ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-2D ] . :Slithering :en "slithering" ; :wnsense "slither1v" ; :wordnet "slither" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A form of locomotion on a surface that is slow and performed low to the ground, by animals that do not have legs, such as snakes. RHW: 1. to slide down or along a surface, esp. unsteadily, from side to side, or with some friction or noise: The box slithered down the chute. 2. to go or walk with a sliding motion: The snake slithered across the path. There is no precisely corrsponding Wordnet sense. WordNet 'slither' includes other actions: in WordNet: 1. slither, slide - (to pass or move unobtrusively or smoothly; 'They slid through the wicket in the big gate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Creeping . :Sliver a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sliver'' is a thin and sharp ''Chip'' of a solid object, usually produced unintentionally. For small pieces that are produced intentionally use ''Paring''. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sharp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Slogan :wnsense "catchword1n", "motto1n", "shibboleth1n", "slogan1n" ; :wordnet "catchword", "motto", "shibboleth", "slogan" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Slogan'' is an ''Expression'' used for various purposes, such as rallying a group to a cause, in demonstrations to express a position, or in advertising to express some idea about the quality or uses of a product. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slogan' in WordNet: 1. (1) motto, slogan, catchword, shibboleth - (a favorite saying of a sect or political group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InterestGroup ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :Slop :wnsense "slop1n", "slop2n", "slop3n", "slop4n" ; :wordnet "slop" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of '''Slop'' includes most of the senses in WordNet,being aqueous solutions that are or include unapetizing or npleasant components.. Does not necessarily include waste material. Corresponds to noun senses 1to 4 of 'slop' in WordNet: 1. (1) slop, slops, swill, pigswill, pigwash - (wet feed (especially for pigs) consisting of mostly kitchen waste mixed with water or skimmed or sour milk) 2. slop, mire - (deep soft mud in water or slush; 'they waded through the slop') 3. slop - ((usually plural) waste water from a kitchen or bathroom or chamber pot that has to be emptied by hand; 'she carried out the sink slops') 4. slop - ((usually plural) weak or watery unappetizing food or drink; 'he lived on the thin slops that food kitchens provided') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :LiquidSubstance, :UnpleasantThing . :Slope-Topographical :guid "c38fbe52-24df-41d7-9301-ddcd3d93067e" ; :ldoce "slope" ; :wnsense "incline1n", "slope1n" ; :wordnet "incline", "slope" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An inclined part of the Earth's surface, usually with a smooth relief. Important specs of this collection include #$Hill and #$Mountain. \"hiker\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incline' and sense 1 of 'slope' in WordNet: 1. (1) slope, incline, side - - (an elevated geological formation; 'he climbed the steep slope'; 'the house was built on the side of a mountain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Incline, :LandTopographicalFeature, :LargeObject . :Sloped :wnsense "aslant1adj", "aslope1adj", "diagonal2adj", "slanted1adj", "slanting1adj", "sloped1adj", "sloping1adj" ; :wordnet "aslant", "aslope", "diagonal", "slanted", "slanting", "sloped", "sloping" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sloped'' is the orientation that is 'MostlyHorizontal' but not ''Horizontal' - between 10 degrees and 45 degrees from the horizontal. For close to horizontal (sloped upward less than 21 degrees) use ''Horizontal''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sloped' in Wordnet: 1. aslant, aslope, diagonal, slanted, slanting, sloped, sloping - (having an oblique or slanted direction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MostlyHorizontal, :OrientationMeasure . :Sloshing :en "slosh", "sloshing", "swirling" ; :wnsense "eddy1v", "swirl2v", "whirl3v", "whirlpool1v" ; :wordnet "eddy", "swirl", "whirl", "whirlpool" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sloshing'' is a ''ShuttlingBackAndForth'' of a ''LiquidObject'' in a ''OpenTopContainer'', such as water in a bowl that is shaking. The restriction requires that this kind of event 'typically' (rather than always) occurs inside an ''OpenTopContainer'' so that a similar movement of the top of a LiquidObject (such as a puuddle of water on the ground) might also be classified as a ''Sloshing''. Since a ''ShuttlingBackAndForth'' cabe rotational as well as linear, a ''Sloshing'' would also include a 'swirling' of a liquid, as in a glass or flask. @db1291 @ToDo: To be more precise, it is the *top layer* of a ''LiquidObject'' that does this motion. Needs formaliation. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'slosh' in RHW: 2. (of a liquid) to move about actively within a container. Includes verb sense 1 of 'swirl' in WordNet: 2. (3) eddy, purl, whirlpool, swirl, whirl - (flow in a circular current, of liquids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oscillating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OpenTopContainer ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInside ] . :Slot :wnsense "slot2n" ; :wordnet "slot" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Slot'' is a ''Slit'' in some ''Device' that is used for inserting things, of various types for various purposes.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slot' in WordNet: 2. (1) slot - (a small slit (as for inserting a coin or depositing mail); 'he put a quarter in the slot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Slit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Device ] . :SlotMachine :wnsense "coin machine1n", "slot machine1n" ; :wordnet "coin machine", "slot machine" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SlotMachine'' is a Device that, in order to function as intended requires the insertion of a ''Coin''or a coin-like token; but this traditional 'slot machine' has been superseded by modern machines with similar function that accept, in addition to coins, currency bills or credit cards, or even a digitally coded image (as on a smart phone). This type includes all possibilities. If the traditional coins-only slot needs to be represented, it would be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slot machine' in WordNet: 1. slot machine, coin machine - (a machine that is operated by the insertion of a coin in a slot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slot ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CashBuying ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ] . :Sloth :guid "95e1f9d1-0099-11d7-80a5-000347a4228d" ; :wnsense "sloth2n", "tree sloth1n" ; :wordnet "sloth", "tree sloth" ; a :BiologicalFamily, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Edentata. Sloths are slow-moving tree-dwelling tropical mammals. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sloth' in WordNet: 2. sloth, tree sloth - (any of several slow-moving arboreal mammals of South America and Central America; they hang from branches back downward and feed on leaves and fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArborealAnimal, :Edentate, :Herbivore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vegetation ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :SlovakRepublic a :Country . :Slovenia a :Country . :Slow :isTheOppositeOf :Fast, :Quick ; :ldoce "slow" ; :wnsense "slow1adj" ; :wordnet "slow" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Slow' is an AttributeValue that attributes a slow motion or tendency to move slowly to objects; it has many nuances of meaning, depending on the entity that it modifies, but the thing modified must be a PhysicalObject (for modifying Events, use 'Prolonged'). The simpler cases would be 'slow train', a train that is travelling slower than the typical train; 'slow animals, like turtles or snails'. NOTE that whether something is or is not 'slow' depends on the category to which it is compared; an oxcart can be a 'slow vehicle' even if it is a 'fast oxcart'; so the meaning of being 'slow' must include the category used for comparison. @ToDo this kind of inference needs to be implemented in the FOL version. . For events or actions that proceed more slowly than normal or expected, use the type 'Prolonged'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'slow' in WordNet. 1. (23) slow - (not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time; 'a slow walker'; 'the slow lane of traffic'; 'her steps were slow'; 'he was slow in reacting to the news'; 'slow but steady growth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Slower :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Slow ; :isTheOppositeOf :Faster ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Slower' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some object or process a rate that is lower (relative to some reference rate). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :Slowest :en "slowest" ; :enadj "slowest" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event, :PhysicalObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :Fastest ; :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute :Slow ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Slowest'' is an AttributeValue characterizing both PhysicalObjects that have the capability of moving under their own power, and of processes that can achieve some measurable degree of change in some interval of time, and of Events that go to completion in some measurable interval of time, specifying that in some specific Group in some category the thing characterized took the most time for some amount of accomplishment. NW has no synset for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :SlowingDownAnAction :wnsense "lag1n", "retardation5n", "slowdown1n" ; :wordnet "lag", "retardation", "slowdown" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which a ''Person'' continues to perform some Action, but at a slower rate. This could be just a slowing due to some external factor(s) that prevent the usual rate of Action, or a deliberate slowing down, such as a work 'slowdown' in which a labor force continues to work, but at a slower rate than is usual - performed as a tactic in a labor dispute when a 'strike' is less desirable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slowdown' in WordNet: 1. slowdown, lag, retardation - (the act of slowing down or falling behind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, :RetardingaProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SlowingDownaVehicle :eng "slowing down" ; :wnsense "decelerate2v", "slow down4v" ; :wordnet "decelerate", "slow down" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which a ''Driver'' does something to cause a vehicle to decelerate - e.g. to step on the brake of an automobile, or move the speed control of an airplane or ship. NOTE that this is a PurposefulAction that *causes* the intransitive event of ''DecelerationOfaVehicle''. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'slow down' in WordNet: 4. decelerate, slow down - (reduce the speed of; \"He slowed down the car\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce, :RetardingaProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DecelerationOfaVehicle ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingATransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoppingaVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Slowly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Slow ; :wnsense "easy2adv", "slow1adv", "slowly1adv", "tardily1adv" ; :wordnet "easy", "slow", "slowly", "tardily" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Slowly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Event or FunctionalProcess and specifies that the rate of action in the Event is lower than is normal or expected for an Event of that type. This type differs subtly from ''Slow'' in that it pertains to the rate of the FuntionalProcess that results in the Event, rather than to the interval of time that the Event occupied. See ''Quickly'' for more discussion of this type of adverbial modifier. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'slowly' in WordNet: 1. (83) slowly, slow, easy, tardily - (without speed ('slow' is sometimes used informally for 'slowly'); 'he spoke slowly'; 'go easy here - the road is slippery'; 'glaciers move tardily'; 'please go slow so I can see the sights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Slug a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """English mass unit of slugs. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassMeasure . :Slug-TheAnimal :guid "bd58bf26-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "slug3n" ; :wordnet "slug" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WordNet def: Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'slug' in WordNet: 3. slug - (any of various terrestrial gastropods having an elongated slimy body and no external shell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gastropod . :Slum :wnsense "slum area1n", "slum1n" ; :wordnet "slum", "slum area" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Has lots of ''PoorPerson''s. creaky, decrepit, derelic Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slum' in WordNet: 1. (3) slum, slum area - (a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoorPerson ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Run-Down ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Slump :wnsense "drop-off1n", "falling off1n", "falloff1n", "slack2n", "slump1n" ; :wordnet "drop-off", "falling off", "falloff", "slack", "slump" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Slump''' is a 'DeteriorationEvent' that is a ''DecreaseEvent'' in some quantiatively measurable 'output' of an individual or GroupOfPeople. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slump' in WordNet: 1. (2) slump, slack, drop-off, falloff, falling off - (a noticeable deterioration in performance or quality; 'the team went into a slump'; 'a gradual slack in output'; 'a drop-off in attendance'; 'a falloff in quality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, :DeteriorationEvent . :Slurping :wnsense "slurp1v" ; :wordnet "slurp" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Slurping'' is a 'DrinkingEvent'' performed noisily, by drawing in the liquid (or semiliquid) with an intake of breath. NOTE: Wn has this as a type of 'eating' - but here it is a type of 'drinking'. The 'food' should be able to be poured. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'slurp' in WordNet: 1. (1) slurp - (eat noisily; \"He slurped his soup\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Noisy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Slurry :wnsense "slurry1n" ; :wordnet "slurry" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Slurry is a Substance that is predominantly liquid, but has a significant component of solid particle that are so large that they would reapidly settle out to the bottom of a container containing the Slurry if the mixture in the slurry were not continuously agitated. Examples are the slurry consisting of wet and unpoured concrete, and coal slurries that can be transmitted through a pipeline. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'slurry' in Wordnet: 1. slurry - (a suspension of insoluble particles (as plaster of Paris or lime or clay etc.) usually in water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSuspension . :Slut :wnsense "adulteress1n", "fornicatress1n", "hussy1n", "loose woman1n", "slut2n", "trollop1n" ; :wordnet "adulteress", "fornicatress", "hussy", "loose woman", "slut", "trollop" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Slut'' is a ''Fornicator'' who is a 'Woman'' who often engages in ''SexuallyPromiscuous'' sexual intercourse. For the corresponding ''Man''use ''Libertine''. NOTE: 'Immoral' is an ''EvaluativeAttribute'' that depends on indvidual opinion. NOTE2: some of these terms are traditional but may be considered deprecatory. Alternative term? NOTE3: 'adlteress' should be a subtype. NOTE4: 'strumpet' is a prostitute and should be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'slut' in WordNet: 2. adulteress, fornicatress, hussy, jade, loose woman, slut, strumpet, trollop - (a woman adulterer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fornicator, :Woman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immoral ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexuallyPromiscuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sly :wnsense "crafty1adj", "cunning2adj", "foxy1adj", "guileful1adj", "slick4adj", "sly1adj", "tricksy1adj", "tricky3adj", "wily1adj" ; :wordnet "crafty", "cunning", "foxy", "guileful", "slick", "sly", "tricksy", "tricky", "wily" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sly' is an attribute of people (and sometimes of animals) that is applied to people (and sometimes animals) that achieve certain goals in a clever, unusual, and deceptive manner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sly' in WordNet: crafty, cunning, dodgy, foxy, guileful, knavish, slick, sly, tricksy, tricky, wily - (marked by skill in deception; 'cunning men often pass for wise'; 'deep political machinations'; 'a foxy scheme'; 'a slick evasive answer'; 'sly as a fox'; 'tricky Dick'; 'a wily old attorney') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skilled . :Smacking :en "slapping", "smacking" ; :wnsense "slap1n", "slap1v", "smack1n", "smack1v" ; :wordnet "slap", "smack" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Smacking'' is Hitting something, usually a Person or animal, with the hand or a hand-sized hand-held flat object. This action does not use the''Fst'' therefore is disjoint with ''PunchingSomething''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smack' and part of sense 1 of 'slap' in WordNet: 1. (2) smack, thwack - (deliver a hard blow to; 'The teacher smacked the student who had misbehaved') WN verb 'slap': 1. (15) slap - (hit with something flat, like a paddle or the open hand; 'The impatient teacher slapped the student'; 'a gunshot slapped him on the forehead') WN noun 'smack': 1. slap, smack - (a blow from a flat object (as an open hand)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] ; owl:disjointWith :PunchingSomething . :Small :isTheOppositeOf :Large ; :ldoce "little", "small" ; :wnsense "little1adj", "small1adj" ; :wordnet "little", "small" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Small is an attribute that specifies that something is small in size, or duration relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. For expressing something that is small in number or quantity other than size, use 'Little' or 'Several'. Corresponds to part of adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'small' and sense 1 of 'little' in WordNet: 1. (165) small, little - (limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent; 'a little dining room'; 'a little house'; 'a small car'; 'a little (or small) group') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Small-town :en "small-town" ; :enadj "small-town" ; :pertainsTo :Village ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Small-town'' is the attribute pertaining to a 'small town', which is a synonym for ''Village''. no WN sense. RHW 'small-town': 1. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a town or village: a typical, small-town general store. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SmallAmount :en "small amount" ; :wnsense "small indefinite amount1n", "small indefinite quantity1n" ; :wordnet "small indefinite amount", "small indefinite quantity" ; a :QuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SmallAmount'' is an ApproximateQuantity'' (of somestuff) that can be easily carried in one hand - not too big and not too small. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'small indefinite quantity' in WordNet: 1. small indefinite quantity, small indefinite amount - (an indefinite quantity that is below average size or magnitude) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApproximateQuantity . :SmallArm-Weapon :en "small arm" ; :guid "bfbc8c80-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "firearm1n", "piece7n", "small-arm1n" ; :wordnet "firearm", "piece", "small-arm" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Weapon. Each element of the collection #$SmallArm-Weapon can be carried by one person. Subsets include #$HandGrenade, #$Sidearm and #$CloseQuarterCombatWeapon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'firearm' in WordNet: 1. (6) firearm, piece, small-arm - (a portable gun; 'he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :SmallObject . :SmallBone :wnsense "bonelet1n", "ossicle1n", "ossiculum1n" ; :wordnet "bonelet", "ossicle", "ossiculum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ossicle' in WordNet: 1. ossicle, bonelet, ossiculum - (a small bone; especially one in the middle ear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SmallCandle :en "small candle" ; :enn "small candle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SmallCandle'' is a ''Candle'' that is ''Small'', including being ''Short' (less than 12 cm long). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :LightingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "12"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :SmallEarthquake :wnsense "earth tremor1n", "microseism1n", "tremor2n" ; :wordnet "earth tremor", "microseism", "tremor" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SmallEarthquake''' is an ''Earthquake''on Planet earth that does not cause any significant property damage or loss of life. These ''Eathquakes'' will usually have a strength greater less than 4 on the Richter scale. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tremor' in WordNet: 2. (1) tremor, earth tremor, microseism - (a small earthquake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Earthquake, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weak ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Harmless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SmallForaLynx :en "small for a lynx" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SmallForaLynx'' specifies that the particular Lynx or subype of Lynx is smaller than the average ''Lynx''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LessThanTheAverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lynx ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectOfComparison ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Size ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :SmallIntestine :guid "bd58e520-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "small intestine1n" ; :wordnet "small intestine" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all small intestines. A member of this collection is an #$AnatomicalVessel which isthe part of the #$DigestiveSystem which is the chief site of the absorption of digested nutrients. A #$SmallIntestine is the section of the #$AlimentaryCanal between the #$Stomach and the #$Colon-BodyPart. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'small intestine' in WordNet: 1. (2) small intestine - (the longest part of the alimentary canal; where digestion is completed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :Intestine . :SmallObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SmallObject is a SolidObject that can be conveniently held in one hand (though it might be made even easier with a handle), and when picked up is typically picked up by one hand. A ''MarbleSizedObject'' would be about the smallest, and there is some degree of overlap between these two. Smaller hand-holdable objects should be classified as a ''PelletSizedObject'' or 'TinyObject'; a BB pellet or small seed would be about the smallest object that is actually manipulated by hand. The largest could be as large and extended as a sword or spear (3 meters maximum). NOTE that a SmallObject can be an attached part of a larger object, such as the steering wheel of an automobile. The basic semantic category represented here is of an object small enough to be manipulated by hand. This may correspond roughly with 'manipulable objects' that have been observed to be a category of basic concepts that can activate specific regions of the brain in neuropsychological experiments such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This type is not currently being used to describe small animals, but that is not precluded at this point (v0.50). If something is not represented explicitly as a ''SmallObject'' that does not precude the fact that it may be one, but is just not described as such. Objects that are smaller than the range suggest for this type such as ''HandsizedObject''s or ''MarbleSizedObjects'' are included in this type, and those types are subtypes of this one, but if an Object is known to be of a certain size range, it is best to classify it in the category best describing the specific size range that most closely describes the size. For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject FingerSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PortableObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "300"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :SmallPerson :en "small person" ; :enn "small person" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''SmallPerson'' is a ''Person'' that is ''Small'' in comparison with a Person of the same age. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SmallReduction :wnsense "dent1n" ; :wordnet "dent" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SmallReduction'' is a ''Reduction'' in some quantifiable thing (often in some quantity of money reqired) that is an ''Effect' of some ''Action'' of any type. This is colloquially referred to as a 'dent'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dent' in WordNet: 1. (1) dent - (an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening); 'it made a dent in my bank account') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Effect, :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Small ] . :SmallRigidSheet a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SmallRigidSheet is a small (can be easily picked up with one hand) SolidObject that is an Artifact and is also Sheetlike and Rigid, so that holding it horizontally by one edge will not result in a perceptible droop at the far edge. This is for small disks, drink coasters, credit cards, crackers, and the like. Objects as small as small coins or tokens can be instances of this type. NOTE that 'rigid' does not mean that the object is sturdy - something as easily broken as a ''Cracker'' is an instance of this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :RigidObject, :SheetArtifact, :SmallObject . :SmallScale :wnsense "minor10adj", "modest7adj", "pocket-size1adj", "pocket-sized1adj", "pocketable1adj", "small-scale2adj", "small2adj" ; :wordnet "minor", "modest", "pocket-size", "pocket-sized", "pocketable", "small", "small-scale" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'small-scale' in WordNet: 2. minor, modest, small, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized - (limited in size or scope; 'a small business'; 'a newspaper with a modest circulation'; 'small-scale plans'; 'a pocket-size country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Small . :SmallSupportingStand :wnsense "base10n" ; :wordnet "base" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SmallSupportingStand'' is a flat-topped short (less than 2 feet high) SupportingObject with short legs, used to hold objects off the floor or table not very high. Examples would be FLower pot stands or Trivets. Corresponds to a *small part* of noun sense 10 of 'base' in WordNet: 10. (2) base, pedestal, stand - (a support or foundation; 'the base of the lamp') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :PortableObject, :SolidObject, :SupportingObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ] . :Smaller :isTheOppositeOf :Larger ; :wnsense "lesser1adj", "lesser2adj", "littler1adj", "smaller1adj" ; :wordnet "lesser", "littler", "smaller" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Smaller'' is small specifically in comparison to something else with respect to some 'size' or intensive attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smaller' in Wordnet: 1. (37) smaller, littler - (small or little relative to something else) WN adj 'lesser': 1. (6) lesser - (of less size or importance; 'the lesser anteater'; 'the lesser of two evils') 2. (1) lesser - (smaller in size or amount or value; 'the lesser powers of Europe'; 'the lesser anteater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Small . :Smallpox-Virus :causesAilment :SmallpoxInfection ; :guid "bdf5a0f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "smallpox virus1n", "variola virus1n" ; :wordnet "smallpox virus", "variola virus" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Virus. Each instance of #$Smallpox-Virus is a virus of the type that causes smallpox (see the collection #$SmallpoxInfection) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smallpox virus' in WordNet: 1. variola virus, smallpox virus - (the virus that causes smallpox in humans; can be used as a bioweapon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LivingBiologicalAgent, :PathogenicVirus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmallpoxInfection ; owl:onProperty :causesInfectiousDisease ] . :SmallpoxInfection :guid "c0180e42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "smallpox1n" ; :wordnet "smallpox" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ViralInfection. Each instance of #$SmallpoxInfection is a potentially life-threatening infection, characterized by initial flu-like symptoms, including headache, chills, a fever of 106-107 degrees, aching joints, and an initial macular rash, progressing to papules and finally blisters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smallpox' in WordNet: 1. (1) smallpox, variola, variola major - (a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContagiousDisease, :LifeThreateningCondition, :ViralInfection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smallpox-Virus ; owl:onProperty :isCausedByPathogen ] . :SmartAleck :en "smart alec", "smart-aleck", "smart-ass", "smartass", "smarty", "smarty pants", "smarty-pants" ; :wnsense "know-it-all1n", "smart aleck1n", "wise guy1n", "wiseacre1n" ; :wordnet "know-it-all", "smart aleck", "wise guy", "wiseacre" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who is ''Disagreeable'' because of a behavioral tendency, specifically a degree of ''Conceited'' that causes the Person to make remarks that are unpleasant in suggesting indirectly that the speaker has a lesser intelligence, importance or worth than the speaker. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smart aleck' in WordNet: 1. wise guy, smart aleck, wiseacre, wisenheimer, weisenheimer - (an upstart who makes conceited, sardonic, insolent comments) WN noun 'know-it-all': 1. know-it-all, know-all - (someone who thinks he knows everything and refuses to accept advice or information from others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnpleasantPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conceited ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SmartBoard :en "SMART Board", "smart board", "smartboard" ; :enn "smartboard" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SmartBoard'' is an ''ElectronicDisplayDevice'' that is shaped and sized like a 'Whiteboard' (flat and thin, Sheetlike) that has a ''TouchSensitive'' ''DisplayScreen'' on which the image can be modified by ''Touching'', usually done with the fingers or specific devices. No WN sense. Internet (http://cwolgemuth.pbworks.com/w/page/6370877/Description): \" SMART Board is an interactive whiteboard developed by SMART Technologies. It is a large touch-sensitive whiteboard that uses a sensor for detecting user input (e.g. scrolling interaction) that are equivalent to normal PC input devices, such as mice or keyboards. A projector is used to display a computer's video output onto the whiteboard, which then acts as a huge touchscreen. The SMART Board usually comes with 4 digital writing utensils that use digital ink replacing the traditional whiteboard markers. The digital ink works by using an active digitizer that controls the PC input information for writing capabilities such as drawing or handwriting. \" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :ElectronicDisplayDevice, :WorkSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TouchSensitive ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingInformation ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Room ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Presentation ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :SmartPerson a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person with innate high level of human intelligence. Not a 'Role'', as this trait should be with a Person throughout the lifetime. WN 'intellectual' does not seem to cover the sense of 'high IQ' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'intellectual' in WordNet: 1. (3) intellectual, intellect - (a person who uses the mind creatively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intelligent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighIntelligence ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :SmartPhone :en "smart phone", "smartphone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SmartPhone'' is a hand-held electronic device that an serve as a portable telephone and also has wireless connection to the internet so that it can serve many of the functions of a personal computer. Usually has GPS location capability. Wikipedia: Smartphone Smartphones are a class of mobile phones and of multi-purpose mobile computing devices. They are distinguished from feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems, which facilitate wider software, internet, and multimedia functionality, alongside core phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. Smartphones typically include various sensors that can be leveraged by their software, such as a magnetometer, proximity sensors, barometer, gyroscope and accelerometer, and support wireless communications protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite navigation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CellularTelephone, :HandHeldObject, :SingleUserComputer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TouchSensitiveDisplay ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :SmartPhoneApp :en "app", "smart phone app", "smart phone applcation" ; :enn "app" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SmartPhoneApp'' is a ''ComputerApplicationProgram'' that is designed for and used mostly as one of the applications on a ''SmartPhone''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerApplicationProgram, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmartPhone ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Smattering :wnsense "smattering1n" ; :wordnet "smattering" ; a :ApproximateQuantity ; rdfs:comment """A ''Smattering'' is an instance of ''ApproximateQuantity'', meaning 'only little''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smattering' in WordNet: 1. handful, smattering - (a small number or amount; only a handful of responses were received') """ . :Smearing :wnsense "smear3v" ; :wordnet "smear" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Smearing'' is the Action of ''Spreading'' a liquid or semiliquid substance on the surface of an Object. The ''Smearing'' may or may not cause discoloration (See subtype ''Staining''). This can be used for speading even beneficial substances such as linament on the skin, but usually is used for spreading gels such as vaseline that require some force to make a thin layer on the surface. NOTE that this is intentional. If something is dirtied by an Event that resembles a ''Smearing'' that will be a ''Staining'' event whether intentional or not. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'smear' in WordNet: 3. daub, smear - (cover (a surface) by smearing (a substance) over it; 'smear the wall with paint'; 'daub the ceiling with plaster') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidFlow-Translation, :PropellingaFluid, :SpreadingASubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ] . :Smelling :en "smelling" ; :guid "bd58cb03-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "smell" ; :wnsense "smell1n", "smell1v" ; :wordnet "smell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Perceiving an odor through the sense of smell - *not* the property of being odorous. In Cyc called 'SmellPerception'. In addition to the single words used, the phrase 'get a whiff of' is equivalent in meaning. Cyc: The collection of sensory #$Perceivings in which a #$PerceptualAgent #$smells something and thereby acquires information about it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'smell' in WordNet; the intentional sense of 'smell' which is a subtype of 'Smelling' in COSMO, seems to be represented by 'sniff' in WordNet NOTE that in the WordNet example given 'she loved the smell of roses', the COSMO interpretation of 'smell' would be 'Odor' WN noun 'smell': in WordNet: 1. (8) smell, odor, odour, olfactory sensation, olfactory perception - (the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form; 'she loved the smell of roses') WN verb 'smell': 1. (14) smell - (inhale the odor of; perceive by the olfactory sense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensation . :SmellingAbility :takesValue :OdorSensitivity ; :wnsense "olfaction1n", "olfactory modality1n", "sense of smell1n", "smell4n" ; :wordnet "olfaction", "olfactory modality", "sense of smell", "smell" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SmellingAbility is an AttributeType of animals or artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect odors, including detecting substances in liquid solution (as with sharks or chemical sensors). Instances of this type can specify a general odor-detecing ability, or can specify an ability to detect the presence of specific odors or chemicals (as with a bloodhound being able to detect the odor of particular people.). This represents the 'sense of smell'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sense of smell' in WordNet: 1. smell, sense of smell, olfaction, olfactory modality - (the faculty that enables us to distinguish scents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SensoryAttributeType . :SmellingDeliberately :en "have a whiff", "take a whiff" ; :ldoce "smell" ; :wnsense "sniff1v", "whiff1v" ; :wordnet "sniff", "whiff" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Intentionally bringing the nose close to some object in order to perceive its odor; approximately the same as 'sniffing' something (no clear distinction identified) Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'sniff' in WordNet; however, WordNet is not explilcit that this is an intentional action - the WordNet synset is interpreted as the intentional action. in WordNet: 1. (5) sniff, whiff - (perceive by inhaling through the nose; 'sniff the perfume') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving-Voluntary, :Smelling . :Smile :wnsense "grin1n", "smile1n" ; :wordnet "grin", "smile" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Smile' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', a pattern on a person's face pleasure or amusement. This corresponds approximately to part (the expression, not noun sense 1 of 'smile' in WordNet: 1. (29) smile, smiling, grin, grinning - (a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Smiling :en "smiling" ; :guid "bd58d157-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "smile" ; :wnsense "smile1v" ; :wordnet "smile" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Only primates smile. Requires lips. Also may involve the whole face as well as mouth. Should that be inferrable from the fact use of lips involves the face? NOTE: WordNet a 'smirk' is a subtype of 'smile' but does convey happiness, so ''Smirking'' is reordered as a direct subtype of ''MakingFacialExpression'', as is ''Smiling''.. SUMO: Spreading the lips in such a way as to convey happiness. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smile' in WordNet: 1. (79) smile - - (change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :MakingFacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smile ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lip ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Smirk :wnsense "smirk1n" ; :wordnet "smirk" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Smirk' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', in which the lips are curved, expressing 'scorn' (syn. of ''Contempt''). NOTE: 'sneer; also expresses Contempt, but that expression does not come close to a smile, as the lips do not curve up. NOTE: In WordNet this is a subtype of 'smile' but in COSMO a 'Smile'' expresses Pleasure, so this is a direct subtype of ''FacialExpression''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smirk' in WordNet: 1. smirk - (a smile expressing smugness or scorn instead of pleasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contempt ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Smirking :wnsense "simper1v", "smirk1v" ; :wordnet "simper", "smirk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Smirking'' is a ''MakingFacialExpression'' that urls the Lips in an expression of 'scorn' or 'derision' (''Contempt''). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smirk' in WordNet: 1. (1) smirk, simper - (smile affectedly or derisively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :MakingFacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smirk ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lip ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :Smith :wnsense "smith10n" ; :wordnet "smith" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who produces objects made of metal, with at least some manual effort in shaping the object (not just running a machine). Sometimes used as a synonym for the subtype ''Blacksmith''. Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'smith' in WordNet: 10. smith, metalworker - (someone who works metal (especially by hammering it when it is hot and malleable)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Maker, :SkilledWorker . :Smog :guid "bd58c0d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Smoke, :Water ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Smoggy ; :isLocatedAt :LocalOutdoorAirObject ; :wnsense "smog1n" ; :wordnet "smog" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A mixture of smoke and fog that occurs in the atmosphere as a result of industrial society pollution processes. This is a substance. The state of being 'smoggy' is represented by 'Smogginess''. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'smog' (the substance) in WordNet: 1. smog, smogginess - (air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aerosol, :Mixture . :Smogginess :isLocatedAt :EarthsAtmosphere ; :wnsense "smogginess1n" ; :wordnet "smogginess" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A state caused by the present of ''Smog'' in the atmosphere. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'smog' (the state) in WordNet: 1. smog, smogginess - (air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirPollution, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Smog ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smoggy ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Smoggy :guid "c0fdf165-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Smog ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Smogginess ; :wnsense "smoggy1n" ; :wordnet "smoggy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smoggy' in Wordnet: 1. smoggy - (clouded with a mixture of smoke and fog; 'the smoggy atmosphere of Los Angeles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foggy, :Polluted . :Smoke :guid "bd58bf4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasColor :Opaque ; :hasComponentSubstance :Air, :ParticulateMatter ; :isLocatedAt :EarthsAtmosphere ; :ldoce "smoke" ; :wnsense "fume1n", "smoke1n", "smoke2n" ; :wordnet "fume", "smoke" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Smoke'' is a Substance consisting of fine particles of solid suspended in air. It is usually produced by a fire, but can be artificially generated (e.g. by smoke bombs). The smoke from a fire should be a subtype. Cyc:Particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere, resulting from oxidation (combustion). SUMO: A mixture of fine particles suspended in a gas that is produced by Combustion. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'smoke' in WordNet, but in COSMO this is interpreted as a Substance: in WordNet: 1. (68) smoke, fume - (a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas) 2. (4) smoke, smoking - (a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion; 'the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aerosol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Particle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParticulateMatter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :SmokeAlarm :guid "c110c0a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "smoke alarm1n" ; :wordnet "smoke alarm" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of objects; a subset of #$AlarmDevice. Every instance of #$SmokeAlarm automatically emits an #$AlarmSignal when it detects instances of #$Smoke.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemoReceptiveSensor, :DefenseSystem, :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :FireAlarm, :ManufacturedGoods, :SensorDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smoke ; owl:onProperty :detects ] . :SmokeObject :guid "bd58bf4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "smoke" ; :wnsense "smoke1n" ; :wordnet "smoke" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SmokeObject'' is a particular quantity of smoky material, a PhysicalObject, not a Substance. Cyc:Particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere, resulting from oxidation (combustion). SUMO: A mixture of fine particles suspended in a gas that is produced by Combustion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smoke' in WordNet: 1. (68) smoke, fume - - (a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CloudlikeObject, :GaseousObject, :OpaqueObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Particle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smoke ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Smoked :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SmokingFood ; :wnsense "smoke-cured1adj", "smoke-dried1adj", "smoked1adj" ; :wordnet "smoke-cured", "smoke-dried", "smoked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Smoked'' is the attribute of a FoodType or FoodObject that has been exposed to ''Smoke'' in a curing process. See ''Bacon'' for an example. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smoked' in Wordnet: 1. smoked, smoke-cured, smoke-dried - ((used especially of meats and fish) dried and cured by hanging in wood smoke) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Smoker :wnsense "smoker1n", "tobacco user1n" ; :wordnet "smoker", "tobacco user" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smoker' in WordNet: 1. smoker, tobacco user - (a person who smokes tobacco) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smoking ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmokingDevice ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Smokestack :guid "bd58f683-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "smokestack1n", "stack4n" ; :wordnet "smokestack", "stack" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The structure through which smoke flows from the a furnace to the outside. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smokestack' in WordNet: 1. (1) smokestack, stack - (a large tall chimney through which combustion gases and smoke can be evacuated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chimney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tall ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1000"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters ] . :Smoking :en "smoking" ; :guid "bd590c6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "smoke1v" ; :wordnet "smoke" ; a :ActionType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ To inhale and exhale the fumes of burning plant material, especially tobacco or Marijuana . SUMO: Inhaling and exhaling Smoke produced by a CigarOrCigarette. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smoke' in Wordnet: 1. (12) smoke - (inhale and exhale smoke from cigarettes, cigars, pipes; We never smoked marijuana'; 'Do you smoke?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :RecreationalActivity, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmokingDevice ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :SmokingDevice :en "smoking device" ; :enn "smoking device" ; :guid "c0fcf18d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a device which is used to allow some kind of plant leaf, usually tobacco, to be burnt for smoking. SUMO: Any Device whose purpose is Smoking. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :SmallObject . :SmokingFood :en "smoke", "smoke food", "smoking food" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """RHW: 'smoke': 22. to cure (meat, fish, etc.) by exposure to smoke. COSMO note: perhaps a parent of 'CuringFood' could be added between 'PreservingDood' and this type??? @ToDo: Parent 'curing'? RWH 'cure': 11. to prepare (meat, fish, etc.) for preservation by salting, drying, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposureToSubstance, :PreservingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smoke ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPreserved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FoodObject :FoodType ) ] ] . :SmokingMarijuana :en "smoke marijuana", "smoking marijuana" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To inhale and exhale the fumes of burning marijuana. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Smoking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marijuana ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :SmokingPipe :CYC "Pipe-SmokingDevice" ; :guid "c0fcf208-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pipe1n", "tobacco pipe1n" ; :wordnet "pipe", "tobacco pipe" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A SmokingDevice consisting of a tube and a small bowl. Cyc: ('Pipe-SmokingDevice') A smoking pipe: a rigid, reusable device for containing the substance burned during smoking. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pipe' in WordNet: 1. (6) pipe, tobacco pipe - (a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmokingDevice . :Smoky :isDueToThePresenceOf :Smoke ; :wnsense "smoky1adj" ; :wordnet "smoky" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A region is ''Smoky'' if it has enough ''Smoke'' to be perceptible, or an Object is ''Smoky'' if it is emitting ''Smoke''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smoky' in WordNet: 1. smoky - (marked by or emitting or filled with smoke; 'smoky rafters'; 'smoky chimneys'; 'a smoky fireplace'; 'a smoky corridor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Smooch :wnsense "smack5n", "smooch1n" ; :wordnet "smack", "smooch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Smooch''is the act of one ''KissingOnTheLips'' in which at least one of the two participants is enthusiastic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smooch' in WordNet: 1. smack, smooch - (an enthusiastic kiss) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KissingOnTheLips, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enthusiastic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Smooth :guid "cba12494-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Rough ; :ldoce "smooth" ; :wnsense "smooth1adj" ; :wordnet "smooth" ; a :TextureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Smooth, having no roughness perceptible to the finger. This is not the same as 'Flat', since round objects can be Smooth. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smooth' in WordNet: 1. (11) smooth - (having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities; 'smooth skin'; 'a smooth tabletop'; 'smooth fabric'; 'a smooth road'; 'water as smooth as a mirror') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Even, :SurfaceAttributeValue . :SmoothObject :guid "cba12494-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A SolidObject object that is Smooth on at least part of one surface." ; rdfs:subClassOf :MacroscopicObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smooth ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Smoothening :wnsense "smooth1v", "smoothen1v" ; :wordnet "smooth", "smoothen" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Smoothening'' is any action that makes the surface of an object smoother, i.e. flatter or less rough. This can be done by e.g. sanding of an object or by ''Ironing'' a fabric, or by running a relatively straight object (e.g. the hand) over a rough or wrinkled surface. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'smooth' in WordNet: 1. (7) smooth, smoothen - (make smooth or smoother, as if by rubbing; 'smooth the surface of the wood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImpartingAnAttribute, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smooth ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Smoother :en "smoother" ; :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Smooth ; :ldoce "smoother" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Smoother'' is An AttributeValue of SolidObject(s) having the attribute ''Smooth' at a higher degree than that of some comparison object. Adjective word entry ''ENG_smoother' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue, :Smooth . :Smoothly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Smooth ; :wnsense "smoothly1adv", "smoothly2adv", "smoothly3adv", "swimmingly1adv" ; :wordnet "smoothly", "swimmingly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Smoothly\"'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that the Action was performed in a 'smooth' manner, which can be of several meanings - smooth movement, smooth speech, Includes adverbial senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'smoothly' in WordNet: 1. (3) smoothly - (with no problems or difficulties; 'put the plans into effect quickly and smoothly') 2. (1) swimmingly, smoothly - (with great ease and success; 'in spite of some mishaps, everything went swimmingly') 3. smoothly - (in a smooth and diplomatic manner; ''And now,' he said smoothly, 'we will continue the conversation'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Smorgasbord :wnsense "smorgasbord2n" ; :wordnet "smorgasbord" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Smorgasbord'' is a ''Buffet'' having at least three different types of ''FoodObject''. This is more general than the original Scandinavian 'smorgasbord', including Buffet meals that do not necessarily have any of the components listed in the WN gloss. RHW 'smorgasbord': 1. a buffet meal of various hot and cold hors d'oeuvres, salads, casserole dishes, meats, cheeses, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'smorgasbord' in WordNet: 2. smorgasbord - (an assortment of foods starting with herring or smoked eel or salmon etc with bread and butter; then cheeses and eggs and pickled vegetables and aspics; finally hot foods; served as a buffet meal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuffetMeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:minCardinality "4" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Smothering :en "smothering" ; :wnsense "asphyxiate1v", "asphyxiation2n", "smother2v", "suffocate1v", "suffocation1n" ; :wordnet "asphyxiate", "asphyxiation", "smother", "suffocate", "suffocation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Smothering'' is ''Killing'' a living thing by intentionally depriving it of Oxygen, for example by covering its head or nostrils to prevent breathing until it dies of asphyxiation, *or* by putting it in a place without Oxygen or where the Oxygen will run out before the animal can escape. @ToDo: NOTE rev1261: that a Person can 'suffocate' from low levels of oxygen in the environment, (perhaps in a small closet?) so the parent ''Suffocation' should be used for non-intentional suffocating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smother' in WordNet: 2. (1) smother, asphyxiate, suffocate - (deprive of oxygen and prevent from breathing; 'Othello smothered Desdemona with a pillow'; 'The child suffocated herself with a plastic bag that the parents had left on the floor') WN noun 'suffocation': 1. (1) suffocation, asphyxiation - (killing by depriving of oxygen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeathByKilling, :Depriving, :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething, :Killing, :Suffocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breathing ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asphyxiation ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Smudge :wnsense "smudge2n" ; :wordnet "smudge" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FingerprintTrace'' is the actual visible smudge mark on a surface created by a person's finger. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'smudge' in Wordnet: 2. smudge, spot, blot, daub, smear, smirch, slur - (a blemish made by dirt; 'he had a smudge on his cheek') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TraceMark . :Smuggler :wnsense "contrabandist1n", "moon curser1n", "moon-curser1n", "runner1n", "smuggler1n" ; :wordnet "contrabandist", "moon curser", "moon-curser", "runner", "smuggler" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smuggler' in WordNet: 1. (2) smuggler, runner, contrabandist, moon curser, moon-curser - (someone who imports or exports without paying duties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Smuggling ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Smuggling :en "smuggling" ; :guid "bd5fee17-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "smuggle1v" ; :wordnet "smuggle" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ConveyingMaterials and #$CriminalAct. Each instance of #$Smuggling is an event in which goods are transported across a border in violation of some set of laws or conventions. In Cyc this was a subtype of 'ConveyingMaterials', but since smuggling can plausibly be assumed to require a TransportationDevice at some point, we make this Type a subtype of 'TransportationEvent'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smuggle' in Wordnet: 1. (3) smuggle - (import or export without paying customs duties; 'She smuggled cigarettes across the border') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConveyingMaterials, :Crime, :TransportationEvent . :Smutty :wnsense "filthy3adj", "foul6adj", "nasty3adj", "smutty1adj" ; :wordnet "filthy", "foul", "nasty", "smutty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Characterizes language or use of language Language with impolite reference to sexual activity or excretion. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'smutty' in Wordnet: 1. filthy, foul, nasty, smutty - (characterized by obscenity; \"had a filthy mouth\"; \"foul language\"; \"smutty jokes\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obscene . :Snack :guid "bd58d2b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "snack1n" ; :wordnet "snack" ; a :FoodType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Random meal where small amounts of food, usually junk food, is eaten. @ToDo: how to say the quantity is less than at a regular ''Meal''?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snack' in Wordnet: 1. (1) bite, collation, snack - (a light informal meal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food-ReadyToEat, :Role . :SnackFood :guid "c0d39548-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single piece or some specific quantity of a Food that is typically eaten as a ''Snack''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DessertFood, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snack ; owl:onProperty :isEatenInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DessertSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Snacking :wnsense "nosh1v", "snack1v" ; :wordnet "nosh", "snack" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action of a Person eating a ''Snack'', a random meal where small amounts of food, often 'junk food', is eaten. @mod49 @ToDo: how to say the quantity is less than at a regular ''Meal''?? Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snack' in WordNet: 1. nosh, snack - (eat a snack; eat lightly; 'She never loses weight because she snacks between meals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snack ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Snail :guid "bd589450-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "snail1n" ; :wordnet "snail" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snail' in WordNet: 1. (3) snail - (freshwater or marine or terrestrial gastropod mollusk usually having an external enclosing spiral shell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gastropod . :Snake :guid "bd5893ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "snake" ; :wnsense "ophidian1n", "serpent1n", "snake1n" ; :wordnet "ophidian", "serpent", "snake" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all snakes; a subset of #$Reptile. Each element of #$Snake is a limbless, scaly, vermiform reptile with a long, narrow, tapering, mostly smooth body. Snakes in many species have poisonous and sometimes fatal bites. Snakes live on land, in trees, in fresh water, and in the sea (sea snakes). #$Snake constitutes a biological suborder (also called Serpentes or Ophidia). SUMO: A long and narrow Reptile which lacks Limbs. One distinctive characteristic of snakes is that they locomote on their belly. @ToDo: how to express that? ('crawls on her belly like a reptile') Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snake' in WordNet: 1. (20) snake, serpent, ophidian - (limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CordlikeObject, :LongAndThinThing, :Reptile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limb-AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :lacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scaly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hiss ; owl:onProperty :canEmitSound ] . :SnakeDevice :wnsense "snake5n" ; :wordnet "snake" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'SnakeDevice' is a Device (often a tool) that has the shape of a 'Snake', i.e. long and thin and flexible. This includes the type of 'snake' (a flexible tight coil of metal, attachable or attached to a crank to turn it) that plumbers use to clean out pipes. Note that property 'Flexible' is inherited from 'CordLikeObject'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 5 of 'snake' in WordNet: 5. snake - (something long, thin, and flexible that resembles a snake) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CordlikeObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snake ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :SnakeEyes :wnsense "craps1n", "snake eyes1n" ; :wordnet "craps", "snake eyes" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SnakeEyes'' is a ''DiceThrowScore'' of two, with one dot on the top surface of each of the two dice after they are thrown. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snake eyes' in WordNet: 1. craps, snake eyes - (when two dice are thrown and both come up showing one spot the results is called 'craps' or 'snake eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiceThrowScore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :N_2 ; owl:onProperty :hasRepresentation ] . :Snap :isCausedBy :Snapping ; :wnsense "crack4n", "snap6n" ; :wordnet "crack", "snap" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sound consisting of one short sharp sound characteristic of a RigidObject suddenly breaking into two pieces. Common example is the snapping of a dry twig. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'snap' and sense 4 of 'crack' in WordNet: 6. crack, cracking, snap - (a sudden sharp noise; 'the crack of a whip'; 'he heard the cracking of the ice'; 'he can hear the snap of a twig') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Snapping :wnsense "snap2v", "snap3v" ; :wordnet "snap" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Snapping' is a subtype of 'SeparationEvent' that is not performed by a 'Device'. This type is used for transitive and intransitive senses of 'snap'. An instance of ''Snapping'' causes a break in some Solid object (with an accompanying 'snap' noise) that causes it to separate (at least partly) into *two pieces. This the parent ''BreakingSomethingIntoPieces'' is constrained here by limiting the number of pieces that can be produced. Note that the 'separation' need not be complete, but it ust produce two distinct solid objects. For example, if a branch on a tree snaps it may still hang by some connecting part (as a piece of bark or fibers of wood) but the pieces will still be recognizable as separate objects. In order to get a 'snap' sound, the object snapped must be a ''RigidObject'' Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'snap' in WordNet: 2. (3) tear, rupture, snap, bust - (separate or cause to separate abruptly; 'The rope snapped'; 'tear the paper') 3. (3) snap, crack - (break suddenly and abruptly, as under tension; 'The rope snapped') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakingSomethingIntoPieces, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :RigidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snap ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :SnareDrum :en "snare-drum" ; :wnsense "snare drum1n" ; :wordnet "snare drum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """RHW: a small double-headed drum, carried at the side or placed on a stationary stand, having snares across the lower head to produce a rattling or reverberating effect. Also called side drum. A 'snare' here is (RHW) 'one of the strings of gut or of tightly spiraled metal stretched across the skin of a snare drum.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snare drum' in WordNet: 1. snare drum, snare, side drum - (a small drum with two heads and a snare stretched across the lower head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrumInstrument . :Snatching :wnsense "snap8v", "snatch up1v", "snatch1v" ; :wordnet "snap", "snatch", "snatch up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Snatching'' is a ''Grabbing'' done suddenly and quickly, often with the intention of getting something before another agent gets it. This can be done by humans or other animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snatch' in WordNet: 1. (13) snatch, snatch up, snap - (to grasp hastily or eagerly; 'Before I could stop him the dog snatched the ham bone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grabbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quickly ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :Snazzy :wnsense "snazzy1adj" ; :wordnet "snazzy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'snazzy' in Wordnet: 1. snazzy - (flashily stylish; 'a snazzy outfit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stylish . :Sneaker :wnsense "gym shoe1n", "sneaker1n", "tennis shoe1n" ; :wordnet "gym shoe", "sneaker", "tennis shoe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Loafer' is a trademark, but is used generically for this kind of shoe. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sneaker' in WordNet: 1. (2) gym shoe, sneaker, tennis shoe - (a canvas shoe with a pliable rubber sole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shoe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Canvas ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rubber ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RubberSole ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comfortable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Casual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Sneaking :en "pussyfooting", "sneak around", "sneaking", "sneaking around" ; :wnsense "creep2v", "mouse1v", "pussyfoot1v", "sneak1v" ; :wordnet "creep", "mouse", "pussyfoot", "sneak" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Sneaking'' is a manner of ''Walking'' that is performed ''Surreptitiously'', to avoid being detected or observed or heard by some other Person(s). Often it is performed carefully to avoid making audible footsteps. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sneak' in WordNet: 1. (2) sneak, mouse, creep, pussyfoot - (to go stealthily or furtively; ,..stead of sneaking around spying on the neighbor's house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surreptitiously ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] ; owl:disjointWith :Hiking, :Marching, :Treading, :WalkingForExercise . :Sneer :wnsense "sneer1n" ; :wordnet "sneer" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sneer' is a subtype of 'FacialExpression', in which the lips are curled upward. This expresses ''Contempt'' NOTE: 'smirk' also expresses Contempt, but that expression differs from this, as here the lip curves down, and other parts of the Face also move.DIfficult to describe. But a 'leer' does not fit this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sneer' in WordNet: 1. (2) sneer, leer - (a facial expression of contempt or scorn; the upper lip curls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contempt ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Sneering :wnsense "sneer2v" ; :wordnet "sneer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sneering' is an Action that moves the Face so as to produce a ''Sneer'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sneer' in WordNet: 2. (1) sneer - (smile contemptuously; 'she sneered at her little sister's efforts to play the song on the piano') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :MakingFacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contempt ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sneer ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lip ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :Sneezing :en "sneezing" ; :guid "bd58d25b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sneeze1n", "sneeze1v" ; :wordnet "sneeze" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of acts of making a violent spasmodic expiration of breath from the mouth or nose. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sneeze' in Wordnet: 1. sneeze - (exhale spasmodically, as when an irritant entered one's nose; 'Pepper makes me sneeze') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, :Exhaling, :InvoluntaryBodyMovement, :MedicalSymptom . :Snickering :wnsense "snicker1n", "snicker1v", "snigger1n", "snigger1v", "snort1n" ; :wordnet "snicker", "snigger", "snort" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Snickering'' is a ''Quiet'' ''Laughing'' that may express disrespect or may express only a mild amusement, including amusement by another Person's making a mistake. This may produce an almost inaudible but may cause a soft 'heh. heh,heh' sound. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snicker' in WordNet: 1. (2) snicker, snigger - (laugh quietly) WN noun 'snicker': 1. snicker, snort, snigger - (a disrespectful laugh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Laughing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quiet ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sniffling :eng "sniffling", "snuffling" ; :wnsense "sniff2v", "sniffle1n", "sniffle2v", "snivel2n", "snivel2v", "snuffle1n", "snuffle2v" ; :wordnet "sniff", "sniffle", "snivel", "snuffle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The typically voluntary ''Inhaling'' performed because of some congestive fluid in the nose, to get it into the mouth and swallow it or spit it out. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sniffle' in WordNet: 2. sniff, sniffle - (inhale audibly through the nose; 'the sick student was sniffling in the back row') WN verb 'snuffle': 2. snuffle, snivel - (snuff up mucus through the nose) WN noun 'sniffle': 1. snuffle, sniffle, snivel - (the act of breathing heavily through the nose (as when the nose is congested)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inhaling, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NasalCongestion ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ] . :Sniper :wnsense "sniper1n" ; :wordnet "sniper" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the WN sysnset is a subtype of 'marksman' but this sense of ''Sniper'' is for ayone who shoots at a Person from a concealed location (a ''HidingPlace''). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'sniper' in WordNet: 1. (2) sniper - (a marksman who shoots at people from a concealed place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shooter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sniping ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Sniping :wnsense "sharpshoot1n", "snipe2v" ; :wordnet "sharpshoot", "snipe" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sniping'' is a ''ShootingaPerson'' with a Rifle from a concealed position and usually from a distance. NOTE: the restriction ''occursAt'' refers to the action of doing he shooting, though the effect of the action typically occurs at a distance from the ''HidingPlace''. NOTE: the WN entry seems to be more general, for any kind of sharpshooting. This type is for shooting at People, typically with the intention of killing or disabling them. This can be done by anyone who knows how to aim a Rifle, not necessarily a ''Marksman''. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'snipe' in WordNet: 2. sharpshoot, snipe - (aim and shoot with great precision) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShootingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sniper ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rifle ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HidingPlace ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Snips a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ snips """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shears, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Snitch :wnsense "betrayer1n", "blabber1n", "canary1n", "fink1n", "informer1n", "rat4n", "sneak3n", "sneaker2n", "snitch1n", "snitcher2n", "squealer1n", "stool pigeon1n", "stoolie1n", "stoolpigeon1n" ; :wordnet "betrayer", "blabber", "canary", "fink", "informer", "rat", "sneak", "sneaker", "snitch", "snitcher", "squealer", "stool pigeon", "stoolie", "stoolpigeon" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'tattletale'? ant difference from 'squealer'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snitch' in WordNet: 1. fink, snitch, snitcher, stoolpigeon, stool pigeon, stoolie, sneak, sneaker, canary - (someone acting as an informer or decoy for the police) WN area any of these terms specifically for informing for money? WN noun 'squealer': 1. informer, betrayer, rat, squealer, blabber - (one who reveals confidential information in return for money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snitching ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snitching ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UndesirableBehavior ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Snitching :wnsense "betray5v", "denounce4v", "fink2v", "give away4v", "grass6v", "inform3v", "rat6v", "shop4v", "snitch2v", "squeal2v", "stag2v", "tell on1v" ; :wordnet "betray", "denounce", "fink", "give away", "grass", "inform", "rat", "shop", "snitch", "squeal", "stag", "tell on" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Snitching'' is often used for betraying confidential information, where the ''Snitch'' informs another Person of some Action committed by a third person (often illegal or otherwise forbidden by a Rule) that the third person wants to keep confidential. But the ''Snitch'' who does it is not necessarily under any obligation of confidentiality. This synset can probably be differentiated. NOTE: 'shop' is chiefly British usage. 'shit' is not in RHW in this sense, omitted. 'rat' 'snitch' 'inform' and 'squeal' are usually followed by 'on' or 'out' in common usage. NOTE: this type is informally referred to a 'squealing on someone' but that sense is mixed in with 'confessing'.in WordNet. Closer in meaning is the RHW entry: RHW verb 'rat': b. to turn informer; squeal: He ratted on the gang, and the police arrested them. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'snitch' in WordNet: 2. denounce, tell on, betray, give away, rat, grass, shit, shop, snitch, stag - (give away information about somebody; 'He told on his classmate who had cheated on the exam') WN verb 'inform': 3. (1) inform - (act as an informer; 'She had informed on her own parents for years') WN includes part of verb 'squeal' (but not for confessing) in WN: 2. confess, squeal, shrive, fink - (confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informing, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snitch ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SecretInformation :InformationType ) ] ] . :Snob :wnsense "prig1n", "snob1n", "snoot1n", "snot1n" ; :wordnet "prig", "snob", "snoot", "snot" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Snob'' is a Person who tends to consider most others as inferior, and avoids associating with them. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'snob' in Wordnet: 1. snob, prig, snot, snoot - (a person regarded as arrogant and annoying) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisagreeablePerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snobbish ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Snobbish :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :Snob ; :wnsense "clannish2adj", "cliquish1adj", "clubby2adj", "snobbish1adj", "snobby1adj" ; :wordnet "clannish", "cliquish", "clubby", "snobbish", "snobby" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'snobbish' in Wordnet: 1. (1) clannish, cliquish, clubby, snobbish, snobby - (befitting or characteristic of those who incline to social exclusiveness and who rebuff the advances of people considered inferior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrogant . :Snooping :eng "sleuthing", "spying" ; :wnsense "sleuth1v", "snoop1v", "spy2v", "stag3v" ; :wordnet "sleuth", "snoop", "spy", "stag" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Snooping'' is an informal ''Monitoring'' by a private individual or a ''PrivateInvestigator'', typically not on behalf of any governmental authority. It can be done solely to satisfy personal curiosity, or (by a ''PrivateInvestigator'') as a paid service, for any of various purposes. ''Eavesdropping''may be part of this Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snoop' in WordNet: 1. (1) spy, stag, snoop, sleuth - (watch, observe, or inquire secretly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Monitoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surreptitious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Snoopy :existsInContext :Peanuts-Comics ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaFiction ; a :Beagle-Fict, :FictionalCharacter ; rdfs:comment "'Snoopy'' is a fictional ''Beagle''." . :Snore :wnsense "snore1n" ; :wordnet "snore" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Noise'' that is a Vocalizing, consisting of a quickly repeated series of short sounds of relatively low pitch, made by a person (or other animal??) while sleeping. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snore' in WordNet: 1. snore - (the rattling noise produced when snoring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snoring ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Snoring :eng "snoring" ; :guid "bd58f155-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "snore1v" ; :wordnet "snore" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Snoring'' is usually done by Humans when the term is used, but can be performed by other mammals. CYC: The action of making a snoring noise while sleeping. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snore' in WordNet: 1. (4) snore, saw wood, saw logs - (breathe noisily during one's sleep; 'she complained that her husband snores') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :InvoluntaryBodyMovement, :MakingAnOralSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snore ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :GroupOfAnimals ) ] ] . :Snorkel :guid "c0fd57f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "snorkel1n" ; :wordnet "snorkel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snorkel' in WordNet: 1. snorkel - (breathing device consisting of a bent tube fitting into a swimmer's mouth and extending above the surface; allows swimmer to breathe while face down in the water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :NonPoweredDevice, :Pipe, :SomethingToWear, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breathing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Snorkeling :eng "snorkeling" ; :wnsense "snorkel1v" ; :wordnet "snorkel" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Snorkeling'' is a ''SwimmingForPleasure'' using a ''Snorkel'' so that the swimmer can look under the water, such as when viewing coral reefs while swimming on the surface of the water. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snorkel' in WordNet: 1. snorkel - (dive with a snorkel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SwimmingForPleasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snorkel ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Snorting :eng "snorting" ; :wnsense "snort1v", "snort2v" ; :wordnet "snort" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Snorting'' is a ''MakingAnOralSound'' by ''Exhaling'' rapidly, giving off a short low-pitched sound indicating contemptuous disbelief, or some related Feeling.. This is not for the 'snorting' of ''NonHumanAnimal''s Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'snort' in WordNet: 1. (3) snort - (indicate contempt by breathing noisily and forcefully through the nose; 'she snorted her disapproval of the proposed bridegroom') 2. (3) snort - (make a snorting sound by exhaling hard; 'The critic snorted contemptuously') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exhaling, :MakingAnOralSound, :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contempt ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Snot :wnsense "snot2n" ; :wordnet "snot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Snot' is quantity of ''NasalMucus'' that has exited the ''Nostril''. This can be the liquid or solid form. The WN sense is ambiguous as to whether that can be oudside the body - but as an Object, this cannot be a subtye of COSMO ''NasalMucus'' and it will be interpreted as included in the WN sense, in which case the WN sense will be taken as ambiguous. This is one of the senses. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'snot' in WordNet: 2. snot - (nasal mucus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlowingTheNose ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NasalMucus ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nostril ; owl:onProperty :isOutsideOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isOutsideOf ] . :Snow :consistsOfManyOf :Snowflake ; :en "snow cover" ; :guid "bd58bbc5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasUnitObject :Snowflake ; :isProducedByEventType :SnowEvent ; :ldoce "snow" ; :wnsense "snow1n", "snow2n" ; :wordnet "snow" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Snow' is substance, a form of ice (water) that is composed of many fine crystals that have precipitated from the sky. This includes the snow **still falling** as well as snow that is on the ground (these should be distinguished, as in WordNet). Called 'SnowMob' in Cyc Cyc: An instance of #$ExistingObjectType. #$SnowMob is a #$rewriteOf (#$MobFn #$Snowflake). NOTE: the 'snowfall' is interpreted as the Event ''SnowEvent''. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'snow' in WordNet: 1. (13) snow, snowfall - - (precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals) 2. (11) snow - - (a layer of snowflakes (white crystals of frozen water) covering the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :Ice, :NaturalTangibleStuff, :Powder . :SnowBlower :en "snow blower", "snowblower" ; :enn "snow blower", "snowblower" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Blower'' that scoops up a ''PileOfSnow'' and propels it away from the surface on which it fell or accumulated. No WN sense. RHW 'snowblower': a motor-driven machine on wheels used to remove snow by throwing it into the air and to one side. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blower, :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RemovingSnow ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :propels ; owl:someValuesFrom :Snow ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingWheel ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :SnowBoard :guid "c10ca948-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "snowboard1n" ; :wordnet "snowboard" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all snowboards. These are planks a few to 5 or so feet long, about a foot wide, with bindings used to attach the board to the feet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowboard' in WordNet: 1. snowboard - (a board that resembles a broad ski or a small surfboard; used in a standing position to slide down snow-covered slopes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice, :LandTransportationDevice, :NonPoweredDevice, :SnowSurfaceTransporter, :SportsEquipment, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "200"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInMeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snowboarding ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :SnowEvent :eng "snowing" ; :ldoce "snow" ; :wnsense "snow1v", "snowfall1n" ; :wordnet "snow", "snowfall" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any snowstorm large or small. For larger snowstorms, use 'Snowstorm'. A SnowEvent is usally a salient thing when it happens, as it affects movement of people. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snow' in WordNet: 1. (10) snow - (fall as snow; 'It was snowing all night') WN 'snowfall' (inerpreted as an Event): 1. (1) snow, snowfall - (precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterPrecipitationProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snow ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SnowLeopard :wnsense "Panthera uncia1n", "ounce3n", "snow leopard1n" ; :wordnet "Panthera uncia", "ounce", "snow leopard" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snow leopard' in WordNet: 1. snow leopard, ounce, Panthera uncia - (large feline of upland central Asia having long thick whitish fur) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BigCat . :SnowShoe :guid "bf0a36c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "snowshoe1n" ; :wordnet "snowshoe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Looks like a tennis racquet, and helps walk on snow. CYC:The collection of snow shoes. Snow shoes aren't really shoes but rather devices with a lattice of material designed to keep one from sinking into deep snow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowshoe' in WordNet: 1. snowshoe - (a device to help you walk on deep snow; a lightweight frame shaped like a racquet is strengthened with cross pieces and contains a network of thongs; one is worn on each foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Shoe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WalkingOnSnow ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Racquet ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :SnowShovel :en "snow shovel" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of 'Shovel'' with a large wide curved blade designed for manual removing ('shoveling') of ''Snow'', especially near buildings. @ToDo: Need to add 'shoveling snow' to be more specific. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shovel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RemovingSnow ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ] . :SnowShovelBlade :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade8n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''SnowShovelBlade'' is the broad flat rectangular ''Workinghead'' end of a ''SnowShovel'' that holds the snow that is removed in one iteration of a shoveling snow Event (st of ''RemovingSnow''). @ToDo: represent 'shoveling snow' explicitly for detail? Closest WN sense is the more general: Is a subtype of noun sense 9 of 'blade' in WordNet, but it doesn't rotate: in WordNet: 8. blade, vane - (flat surface that rotates and pushes against air or water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ToolBlade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SnowShovel ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectangular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :SnowSurfaceTransporter a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SnowSurfaceTransporter'' is any non-self-powered Device used for travelling over snow or ice by gliding over the surface, supported by some flat-bottomed part: sled, sleigh, toboggan, ski, ice skate. Not all of these have ''Runner''s but some do. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice, :LandTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SlidingOverSnowOrIce ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlatBottomedObject ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Snowball :wnsense "snowball4n" ; :wordnet "snowball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Snowball'' is a ''Plaything'' consisting of ''Snow'' compacted (usually by hand) into a ''Ball''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'snowball' in WordNet: 4. snowball - (snow pressed into a ball for throwing (playfully)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :Plaything, :SphericalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snow ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThrowingSnowballs ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Snowboarding :guid "c047ba5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "snowboard1v" ; :wordnet "snowboard" ; a :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all snowboarding events. This involves one person, standing on a #$Snowboard, sliding down a snow-covered slope. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'snowboard' in WordNet: 1. snowboard - (glide down a snow-covered slope while standing on a board; 'The children love to snowboard in winter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :MotionDownhill, :OutdoorActivity, :RecreationalActivity, :SlidingOverSnowOrIce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SnowBoard ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snow ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ] . :Snowdrift :wnsense "snowdrift1n" ; :wordnet "snowdrift" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Snowdrift' is a Pile of fallen Snow that has been moved by the wind from a flat accumulation into a section higher than the surrounding snow, usually at least a foot high. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowdrift' in WordNet: 1. snowdrift - (a mass of snow heaped up by the wind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drift, :PileOfSnow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snow ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Snowflake :guid "bd58be83-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flake1n", "snowflake1n" ; :wordnet "flake", "snowflake" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Snowflake' is a single crystal of ice (water) that has precipitated from the sky; it usually is a flat plate with hexagonal symmetry. Cyc: A specialization of #$PrecipitationParticle. Each instance of #$Snowflake is a frozen water crystal emitted by a cloud during an instances of #$SnowProcess (q.v.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowflake' in WordNet: 1. snowflake, flake - (a crystal of snow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrystallineObject, :FlatObject, :PrecipitationParticle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SnowEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Snowman :wnsense "snowman1n" ; :wordnet "snowman" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A crude ''Statue'' made of two or three large balls of ''Snow'' stacked vertically, usually with some decoration, especially to indicate features of the face, as with pieces of coal to represent the eyes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowman' in WordNet: 1. snowman - (a figure of a person made of packed snow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Statue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snow ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Snowmobile :guid "c0fce51d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "snowmobile1n" ; :wordnet "snowmobile" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Motorized device for conveying one or two people across snow Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowmobile' in WordNet: 1. snowmobile - (tracked vehicle for travel on snow having skis in front) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OverSnowVehicle, :SelfPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Runner ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Snowplow :wnsense "snowplow1n" ; :wordnet "snowplow" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Motorized vehicle with a curved plowing blade in front, pushed snow off a surface to allow vehicle passage.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowplow' in WordNet: 1. snowplow, snowplough - (a vehicle used to push snow from roads) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :RoadVehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RemovingSnow ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrivingaRoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ] . :Snowstorm :wnsense "snowstorm1n" ; :wordnet "snowstorm" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SnowEvent that is more than just a dusting, more than one-half inch accumulation. Less would be a snow shower. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowstorm' in WordNet; this includes but is not the same as the technical sense of 'blizzard' that requires winds of a certain velocity. in WordNet: 1. blizzard, snowstorm - - (a storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SnowEvent, :StormAsEvent . :Snowy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Snow ; :wnsense "snowy1adj", "white4adj" ; :wordnet "snowy", "white" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having ''Snow''. Also used to describe *locations* that have a lot of ''Snow'' on the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'snowy' in WordNet: 1. white, snowy - (marked by the presence of snow; 'a white Christmas'; 'the white hills of a northern winter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeatherAttributeValue . :SnubbingaPerson :wnsense "cold shoulder1n", "cut17n", "cut31v", "disregard1v", "ignore1v", "snub1v", "snub2n" ; :wordnet "cold shoulder", "cut", "disregard", "ignore", "snub" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SnubbingaPerson'' is a form of ''RebuffingaPerson'' by not recognizing a Person or not responding to an attempt to initiate a conversation, or by avoiding contact when with a Person in a larger Group. RHW verb 'cut': 19. to refuse to recognize socially; shun ostentatiously: Her friends began to cut her as the season progressed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'snub' in WordNet: 2. snub, cut, cold shoulder - (a refusal to recognize someone you know; 'the snub was clearly intentional') WN verb 'snub': 1. (3) ignore, disregard, snub, cut - (refuse to acknowledge; 'She cut him dead at the meeting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Offending . :So-called :wnsense "alleged2adj", "so-called1adj", "supposed5adj" ; :wordnet "alleged", "so-called", "supposed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''So-called'' is a subtype of ''Doubtful'' that applies to an *implied* assertion that the entity modified (an instance of Type) actually applies to the thing being referenced. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'so-called' in WordNet: 1. (13) alleged, so-called, supposed - (doubtful or suspect; 'these so-called experts are no help') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Doubtful . :So-so :isLessIntenseThan :Fair ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Mediocre ; :wnsense "adequate3adj", "fair to middling1adj", "indifferent9adj", "passableadj", "so-so1adj", "tolerable1adj" ; :wordnet "adequate", "fair to middling", "indifferent", "passable", "so-so", "tolerable" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An average or slighty less than average degree of Goodness; better than 'Mediocre' and worse than 'Fair'. 'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top 'Good' and the bottom 'Bad' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'so-so' in Wordnet: 1. (3) indifferent, so-so - (being neither good nor bad; 'an indifferent performance'; 'a gifted painter but an indifferent actor'; 'her work at the office is passable'; 'a so-so golfer'; 'feeling only so-so'; 'prepared a tolerable dinner'; 'a tolerable working knowledge of French') WN adj 'adequate': 3. (1) adequate, passable, fair to middling, tolerable - (about average; acceptable; 'more than adequate as a secretary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue . :Soaked :en "soaking wet", "sopping wet" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Soaking ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dry ; :wnsense "drenched1adj", "saturated2adj", "soaked1adj", "soaking1adj" ; :wordnet "drenched", "saturated", "soaked", "soaking" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of porous objects that have liquid water perceptible on the surface as well as interpersed in cavities in the object, such that some pressure will cause water to be expelled from the object. This is wetter than just ''Wet''. This attribute can be imparted by a ''Soaking'' event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soaked' in WordNet: 2. (1) drenched, saturated, soaked, soaking, sodden, sopping, soppy - (wet through and through; thoroughly wet; 'stood at the door drenched (or soaked) by the rain'; 'a shirt saturated with perspiration'; 'his shoes were sopping (or soaking)'; 'the speaker's sodden collar'; 'soppy clothes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wet . :Soaking :wnsense "soak1v", "soak3v", "sop4v" ; :wordnet "soak", "sop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Soaking'' is a ''Wetting'' which some SolidObject becomes ''Soaked'' (thoroughly ''Wet''), by immersing in water or pouring water over the object. Not necessarily a ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid'', since ouring water over something also is a 'soaking'. See ''SubmergingInWater''. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'wet' in WordNet: 1. (4) soak - (submerge in a liquid; 'I soaked in the hot tub for an hour') 3. (1) drench, douse, dowse, soak, sop, souse - (cover with liquid; pour liquid onto; 'souse water on his hot face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ImpartingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soaked ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Soap :ldoce "soap" ; :wnsense "soap1n" ; :wordnet "soap" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance composed of the salt of one or more fatty acids (originally derived from animal fats), that is designed to be used to emulsify dirt and grease, and help clean things. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soap' in WordNet: 1. (9) soap - (a cleansing agent made from the salts of vegetable or animal fats) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningSubstance, :Surfactant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :SoapAndWater :en "soap and water" ; a :MixtureType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SoapAndWater'' is the combination of''Soap'' and ''Water'', as used in cleaning things like 'Laundry'' or dishes. The ''Soap'' can be in bar form, powdered, or liquid; the combination of the two components includes the two when in proximity in a cleaning location or cleaning process, or when the soap is fully dissolved. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningSubstance, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soap ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :SoapBubble :wnsense "soap bubble1n" ; :wordnet "soap bubble" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SoapBubble'' is a ''BubbleInAir'' the outer spheroidal ring of which is a solution of some soap or other surfactant. This is the kind of soap bubble that children blow from small rings dipped into soap solution. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soap bubble' in Wordnet: 1. soap bubble - (a bubble formed by a thin soap film) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BubbleInAir, :HollowLiquidBall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfactantSolution ; owl:onProperty :surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Soaping :guid "bd58d23a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lather4v", "soap1v" ; :wordnet "lather", "soap" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$subEvents of a washing where the surfactant is applied to the object washed. This is not just applying the soap, but lathering it into the object washed. A wash cycle on a washing machine is considered a soaping event. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'soap' in WordNet: 1. soap, lather - (rub soap all over, usually with the purpose of cleaning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface, :WashingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soap ; owl:onProperty :usedSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soap ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Soapy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingResembling :Soap ; :wnsense "soapy1nadj" ; :wordnet "soapy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Resembling ''Soap'' in some way, as by a greasy feel or causing bubbles in water. +FOL: Implies the relation 'resembles' for the thing having this attribute Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soapy' in WordNet: 1. saponaceous, soapy - (resembling or having the qualities of soap; 'a soapy consistency') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Soaring :en "soaring", "surging" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :Plunging ; :wnsense "soar up1v", "soar upwards1v", "soar1v", "surge2v", "zoom3v" ; :wordnet "soar", "soar up", "soar upwards", "surge", "zoom" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Soaring'' is a rapid ''MotionUpward''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'soar' in WordNet: 1. (4) soar, soar up, soar upwards, surge, zoom - (rise rapidly; 'the dollar soared against the yen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :MotionUpward . :Sob :wnsense "sob3n" ; :wordnet "sob" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'gasp' is a single short ''Inhaling'', NOTE: the term 'sobbing' labels the Action of ''Sobbing'', which is a series of''Sob''s. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sob' in WordNet: 3. sob, sobbing - (convulsive gasp made while weeping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convulsing, :Gasp, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sobbing ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Sobbing :eng "sobbing" ; :wnsense "sob1v" ; :wordnet "sob" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sobbing'' is a strong, loud, ''Crying'' that causes visible ''Convulsing'' of the body (each one is a ''Sob'',where the upper torso moves perceptibly) and is hard to stop. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sob' in WordNet: 1. (2) sob - (weep convulsively; 'He was sobbing inconsolably') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Convulsive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intense ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sob ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Sober :isTheOppositeOf :Drunk ; :wnsense "sober1adj" ; :wordnet "sober" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not perceptibly under the influence of alcohol. Not 'Drunk'. Corresponds to sense 1 of'sober' in WordNet: 1. (5) sober - (not affected by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :Soccer :wnsense "association football1n", "soccer1n" ; :wordnet "association football", "soccer" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sport of 'Soccer' (in England called 'football'). This is not a game of soccer, but the sport 'Specification' generally. NOTE: the WN gloss seems to refer to a game, but this is interpreted as the sport. This same WN gloss is used for the ''SoccerGame''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soccer' in WordNet: 1. soccer, association football - (a football game in which two teams of 11 players try to kick or head a ball into the opponents' goal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TeamSport . :SoccerBall :guid "bd58b0dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "soccer ball1n" ; :wordnet "soccer ball" ; a :ManufacturedGoodsType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The inflatable ball used in a SoccerGame. Comes in slightly different sizes. NOTE that this is 'rigid' an 'spherical' but 'inflatable' - possibly inconsistent unless the inflated ball is disinguished from the unnflated. THink harder. CYC: The ball manipulated in a soccer game. For adult and professional play, an inflated size 5 ball is 27 to 28 inches in circumference. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soccer ball' in WordNet: 1. soccer ball - (an inflated ball used in playing soccer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Ball, :Device, :GameArtifact, :InflatableContainer, :ManufacturedGoods, :RigidObject, :SphericalObject, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoccerGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "69"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalCircumferenceInCentimeters ] . :SoccerField a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AthleticField'' designed for a ''SoccerGame'', usually outdoors. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticField, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoccerGame ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoccerGoalNet ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :SoccerGame :en "game of soccer", "soccer game" ; :wnsense "soccer1n" ; :wordnet "soccer" ; a :GameType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ WN does not distinguish the Game 'specification' from a game event. This is the event Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soccer' in WordNet: 1. soccer, association football - (a football game in which two teams of 11 players try to kick or head a ball into the opponents' goal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soccer ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoccerBall ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoccerField ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :SoccerGoalNet :en "soccer goal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SoccerGoalNet'' is a frame with net at one end of a ''SoccerField'' into which the players of one team try to propel the ''SoccerBall'' to score a point (a 'goal'). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsGoalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoccerGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoccerField ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GameNet ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :SoccerGoalkeeper :guid "bea42fe5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "goalie1n", "goalkeeper1n", "goaltender1n", "netkeeper1n", "netminder1n" ; :wordnet "goalie", "goalkeeper", "goaltender", "netkeeper", "netminder" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SoccerGoalkeeper'' is an ''Athlete'' who participates in a SoccerGame as the player who guards the ''SoccerGoalNet''and tries to keep opponents from propeling a ''SoccerBall'' into that goal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'goalkeeper' in WordNet: 1. goalkeeper, goalie, goaltender, netkeeper, netminder - (the soccer or hockey player assigned to protect the goal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SoccerPlayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoccerGame ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :SoccerPlayer :guid "bd590399-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "soccer player1n" ; :wordnet "soccer player" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SoccerPlayer'' is an ''Athlete'' who participates regularly in a SoccerGame or is participating in a specific SoccerGame. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soccer player' in WordNet: 1. soccer player - (an athlete who plays soccer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoccerGame ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :SociabilityBasedAction :guid "bd588f7e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$SociabilityBasedAction is an action done mostly for the sake of sociability, in which considerations of socially acceptable interactions with others are important.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOccurrence . :Sociable :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "sociable1adj" ; :wordnet "sociable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Sociable'' is intended to characterize a Person who tends to 'socialize' and interact and mingle with other people. WN 'sociable' sense 2 characterizes gatherings that are conducive to interacting with others. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sociable' in Wordnet: 1. sociable - (inclined to or conducive to companionship with others; 'a sociable occasion'; 'enjoyed a sociable chat'; 'a sociable conversation'; 'Americans are sociable and gregarious') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friendly . :Social :ldoce "social" ; :pertainsTo :SocialContext, :SocialOccurrence, :SocialRelation, :SocialScience, :Society ; :wnsense "social1adj", "societal1adj" ; :wordnet "social", "societal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Social' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to Society and things related to groups of people. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'social' in WordNet: 1. (83) social, societal - - (relating to human society and its members; 'social institutions'; 'societal evolution'; 'societal forces'; 'social legislation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SocialAmbiance :wnsense "ambiance1n", "ambiance2n", "ambience1n", "ambience2n", "atmosphere1n" ; :wordnet "ambiance", "ambience", "atmosphere" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SocialAmbiance' is a StaticSituation involving two or more people, vaguer in meaning than ''SocialInteraction'', afected by both the people present and the physical environment, and characterized by the ''Feeling''s it may cause in people present; but individual people may have different responses to the same ''SocialAmbiance''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'ambiance' in WordNet: 1. (1) atmosphere, ambiance, ambience - (a particular environment or surrounding influence; 'there was an atmosphere of excitement') 2. ambiance, ambience - (the atmosphere of an environment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StaticSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :SocialAssimilation :wnsense "absorption3n", "assimilation2n" ; :wordnet "absorption", "assimilation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'assimilation' in WordNet: 2. assimilation, absorption - (the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Occasion, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :SocialBeing :guid "bd58a49e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$IntelligentAgent. Each instance of #$SocialBeing is an intelligent agent whose status as an agent is acknowledged within some social system, and who is capable of playing certain social roles within that system. Note that in many (but not all) cases, a #$SocialBeing will have certain rights and responsibilities associated with his/her/its status within the relevant social system. For agents who are granted rights and responsibilities under some legal system, see the specialization #$LegalAgent. Other notable specializations of #$SocialBeing are #$Person and #$Organization.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent . :SocialBody :wnsense "body3n" ; :wordnet "body" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialBody'' is an ''InterestGroup'' in sufficiently close contact that all or most can be accessed conveniently to determine shared opinions or take common action. A ''SocialBody'' can exist for a relatively brief time interal, as at a meeting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'body' in WordNet: 3. (160) body - (a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; 'the whole body filed out of the auditorium') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InterestGroup . :SocialClass :wnsense "class1n", "social class1n" ; :wordnet "class", "social class" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialClass'' is a SocialGroup consisting of People with the same social 'status' (vaguely defined here) which can be due to inherited position in some societies, or to economic situation, or to type of work done, or to any combination. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social class' in WordNet: 1. (5) class, social class, socio-economic class - (people having the same social or economic status; \"the working class\"; \"an emerging professional class\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGroup . :SocialCohort :wnsense "cohort1n" ; :wordnet "cohort" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialCohort'' is the GroupOfPeople consisting of those who tend to associate with each other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cohort' in WordNet: 1. cohort - (a company of companions or supporters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Acquaintance ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SocialContext a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The SocialContext in a Situational is the set of people that an Agent is in contact with, or is acting on behalf of, directly or indirectly, at a particular time. It also includes prior interactions and goals that affector are affected by agents other than the one .""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationalContextComponent . :SocialDancing :wnsense "social dancing1n" ; :wordnet "social dancing" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social dancing' in WordNet: 1. social dancing - (dancing as part of a social occasion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dancing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DanceFloor ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialGathering ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :SocialDomain :wnsense "domain4n", "world3n" ; :wordnet "domain", "world" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialDomain'' is a ''SocialClass'' consisting of People who have interests or perform certain types of activity that share aspects sufficient for those people to be identified as a particular Group. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'domain' in WordNet: 4. world, domain - (people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest; 'the Western world') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialClass . :SocialGathering :guid "bd58ebbe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "occasion" ; :wnsense "affair3n", "function6n", "occasion2n", "social affair1n", "social function1n", "social gathering1n", "social occasion1n" ; :wordnet "affair", "function", "occasion", "social affair", "social function", "social gathering", "social occasion" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any gathering of two or more people planned in advance for some purpose, which can be business or pleasure or otherwise. The planning component requires that this be an 'Event-Organized'. This is a very general concept, which is approximately synonymous with the WordNet synset: (affair, occasion, social occasion, function, social function) Wordnet definition: a vaguely specified social event; 'the party was quite an affair'; 'an occasion arranged to honor the president'; 'a seemingly endless round of social functions' Cyc: A specialization of #$SocialOccurrence. Each instance of #$SocialGathering is an intentional social gathering of people who have the same or similar purposes in attending, and in which there is communication between the participants. Specializations include #$BabyShower, #$Carnival, and #$Rally. Note that a group of people waiting to board an elevator is not typically a #$SocialGathering, even though they share a common purpose, since they are not expected to talk to each other. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'occasion' and sense 3 of 'affair', sense 6 of 'function' and sense 1 of both 'social occasion' and 'social function' in WordNet: 2. (6) affair, occasion, social occasion, function, social function - (a vaguely specified social event; 'the party was quite an affair'; 'an occasion arranged to honor the president'; 'a seemingly endless round of social functions') WN noun 'social gathering' 1. social gathering, social affair - (a gathering for the purpose of promoting fellowship) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :Event-Organized, :GatheringTogetherOfPeople, :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SociabilityBasedAction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssemblageOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :SocialGroup :wnsense "social group1n" ; :wordnet "social group" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfPeople related by some direct social relation, or sharing some social characteristic regardless of the location which the individual members occupy. This is the sense 1 of 'social group' in WordNet: 1. social group - (people sharing some social relation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :SocialInstitution :en "social institution" ; :wnsense "institution3n" ; :wordnet "institution" ; a :ActionType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialInstitution'' is a set of ''custom''s or ''Norm''s (religious or secular practices, such as forms of government or charitable practices) by some GroupOfPeople (typically a ''SocialGroup'') that are accepted or at least tolerated as representing a desirable thing for achieving some social benefit. To become an 'institution' requires that they be accepted for some significant period of time, at least one decade and usually longer. These practices may be disapproved by other groups of people, so being a ''SocialInstitution'' is meaningful only within some specific GroupOfpeople. The term 'institution' may be applied in a metaphorical sense to a Person in some Role; an Organization referred to as an 'institution' would be represented by type ''Institution''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'institution' in WordNet: 3. (1) institution - (a custom that for a long time has been an important feature of some group or society; 'the institution of marriage'; 'the institution of slavery'; 'he had become an institution in the theater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Custom, :Norm, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :CulturalPractice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialGroup ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ] . :SocialInteraction :eng "interacting" ; :wnsense "interact1v", "interaction1n" ; :wordnet "interact", "interaction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A broad concept that is a ''SocialOccurence'' but more specifically focuses on the actions beween some individual Person and another Person or''GroupOfPeople'' or Organization, rather than actions as a group. This can include any kind of Action, conflict or cooperation or neither. Subtypes can be an Action where something changes (''BecomingEvent'') or a ''PersistentState'' describing an ongoing interactive relation. NOTE: the term ''SocialInteraction'' is a SUMO term approximately equivalent to Cyc 'SocialOccurrence' but is used more specifically here. The difference between this and the subtype ''InfluencingAnAgent'' is that in a ''SocialInteraction'' no agents are necessarily 'influenced' (have opinions or actions changed) though they do observe and may react to the actions of another agent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'interact' and includes butis more specific than sense 1 of 'ineraction' in WordNet: 1. (2) interact - (act together or towards others or with others; 'He should interact more with his colleagues') WN noun 'interaction;: 1. (15) interaction - (a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interacting, :Interaction, :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :SocialIntercourse :wnsense "intercourse1n", "social intercourse1n" ; :wordnet "intercourse", "social intercourse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialIntercourse'' is an extended ''Intercommunication'' in which there are at least two instances of ''Intercommunication''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social intercourse' in WordNet: 1. intercourse, social intercourse - (communication between individuals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intercommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intercommunication ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :SocialIntervening :eng "intervening" ; :wnsense "intervene1v", "intervention1n" ; :wordnet "intervene", "intervention" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialInteraction'' in which one agent intentionally attempts to infuence the actions of a second agent or other agents, with or without without a prior request for advice or assistance by the second agent. The act of intervening without a request would be a subtype ('butting in'?) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'intervene' and noun sense 1 of 'intervention'in WordNet: 1. (4) intervene, step in, interfere, interpose - (get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action, or through force or threat of force; 'Why did the U.S. not intervene earlier in WW II?') WN noun 'intervention': 1. (3) intervention, intercession - (the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalEvent, :SocialInteraction . :SocialMediaWebsite :en "Social Media", "Social Media site" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialMediaWebsite'' is any of a variety of ''WebSite''s that allow multiple people to provide content to be viewed (and pssibly shared) by many others,a allowing large numbers of people to maintain communication with each other in a simple manner. No WN sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WebSite . :SocialMovement :wnsense "front6n", "movement4n", "social movement1n" ; :wordnet "front", "movement", "social movement" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialMovement'' is a ''SocialBody'' that takes action to achieve some public goals or enact public policies. This is disinct from an organized political party, trying to achieve goals without participating in electoral politics. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social movement' in WordNet: 1. movement, social movement, front - (a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals; 'he was a charter member of the movement'; 'politicians have to respect a mass movement'; 'he led the national liberation front') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialBody . :SocialNeworkProgram :en "social network program", "social networking" ; :enn "social network program" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialNeworkProgram'' is a ''ComputerApplicationProgram'' that is used to enable people to communicate with each other over the internet by means other than email. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerApplicationProgram, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialRelationship ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :SocialNiche :wnsense "niche1n" ; :wordnet "niche" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: this is not necessarily an ''EmploymentPosition'' but can be. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'niche' in WordNet: 1. (1) niche - (a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it; \"he found his niche in the academic world\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialRank, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :SocialOccurrence :en "social affair", "social ocurrence" ; :guid "bd588f3b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "group action1n", "social process1n" ; :wordnet "group action", "social process" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action performed by two or more agents, at least one of whom is a ''Person''; this means that one or more ''NonHumanAnimal''s may be essential participants (e.g. in a ''Bullfight''). The participants may be cooperating or competing, or merely performing the same or different parts of some Action. NOTE that a SocialOccurrence is not necessarily planned in advance, and therefore is not necessarily an instance of 'Event-Organized'. For planned SocialOccurrences, use 'SocialGathering'. COSMO note: removed 'compositePhysicalAndMentalEvent' as parent (in CYC) - we want to reserve that for individual actions, but a SocialOccurrence has multiple participants, and requiring specifying each agent is impractical. Cyc: A specialization of both #$PurposefulAction and #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent. Each instance of #$SocialOccurrence is an action in which two or more agents take part. In many cases, #$SocialOccurrences involve communication among the participating agents. Some instances of #$SocialOccurrence have very elaborate role structures (e.g. a typical lawsuit), while others have fairly simple role structures (e.g. greeting a colleague at work). COSMO note: Note that InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, which may be carried out by machines at both ends, is also classified as a SocialOccurrence, since such communication is at this time (2007) always performed at the direction of a Person. NOTE also that the 'Agents' directly performing this action do not have to be people or organizations, they can be machines or software agents. Corresponds approximately (perhaps a supertype?)to noun sense 1 of 'group_action' in WordNet: 1. (1) group action - (action taken by a group of people) WN 'social process': 1. social process - (a process involved in the formation of groups of persons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Occasion, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GroupOfAnimals :Person :Organization :Automaton ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :SocialOrganization :ldoce "club", "society" ; :wnsense "club2n", "gild1n", "guild1n", "lodge1n", "order8n", "social club1n", "society2n" ; :wordnet "club", "gild", "guild", "lodge", "order", "social club", "society" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An organized Social Group that not primarily professional or charitable. Small local clubs and larger groups are included. In CYC, a related concept 'Club-Organization' includes sports clubs that may be professional, but this type excludes those. For that sense use 'SportsClub' This corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'society' and sense 2 of 'club' in WordNet: WN noun 'society': 2. (6) club, social club, society, guild, gild, lodge, order - (a formal association of people with similar interests; 'he joined a golf club'; 'they formed a small lunch society'; 'men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today') 1. (88) society - (an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Association, :PrivateSectorOrganization . :SocialPower :guid "bd58a99f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "power" ; :wnsense "power1n" ; :wordnet "power" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SocialPower can be small or large; for great social power use 'Might-Social'. This attribute includes the minimum degree of influence that can be characterized as 'social power' - the ability to influence people in a small community. This is a sense of 'power' that includes the notions of 'authorty', 'Privilege' and other concepts that are represented as subtypes of ''Attribute'' in COSMO. These may be related to ''MentalObject''s such as ''Right'' or ''Permission'' by the relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving'' when a linkage seems appropriate. Cyc: The collection of attributes that describe a person's social power, 'clout,' the ability to influence people and achieve one's social goals through some combination of privilege, position, personal contacts, skill, hard work, and intelligence. Money (income, wealth) and esteem/prestige may both contribute to attaining social power and may be necessary to hold on to it, but they cannot be equated with it. This is basically Max Weber's schema. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'power' in WordNet: 1. (674) power, powerfulness - (possession of controlling influence; 'the deterrent power of nuclear weapons'; 'the power of his love saved her'; 'his powerfulness was concealed by a gentle facade') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbilityToInfluencePeople, :IntensiveAttributeValue, :ValuableThing . :SocialRank :wnsense "rank4n", "social rank1n", "social station1n", "social status1n" ; :wordnet "rank", "social rank", "social station", "social status" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The PersistentState of ''SocialRank'' is a vague ''Status'' of a Person that affect how that Personis viewed by other people. NOTE: this is not neessarily a position in a 'hierarchy', but includes positions affecting others views of a person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social rank' in WordNet: 1. social station, social status, social rank, rank - (position in a social hierarchy; \"the British are more aware of social status than Americans are\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingaMemberOfaGroup, :HumanActivity, :Status, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :SocialRelation a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A static situation PersistentEvent in which one IntelligentAgent is related to another. This is a broad category, and the various roles in a 'SocialRelation' need to be specified, probably by specialized relations. @ToDo: create the proper relations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject . :SocialRelationship :en "social relationship" ; :enn "social relationship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialRelationship'' is a PersistentState in which two or more people maintain contacts with each other for personal reasons,not professional or business. This differs from a ''SocialState'' in that more than two people can participate in this state. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :SocialInteraction, :Socializing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :SocialRitual :en "social ritual" ; :guid "bd58eb39-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$SocialGathering and #$Ritual. Each instance of #$SocialRitual is a ritual performed by two or more people. Specializations of #$SocialRitual include #$GraduationCeremony, #$AwardsCeremony, #$Parade, and #$Funeral. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalMeeting, :Ritual, :SocialGathering . :SocialScience :guid "be03d917-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "social science1n" ; :wordnet "social science" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a collection of fields of study which have to do with the behavior of social groups. It includes #$Sociology, #$Economics, #$Anthropology, and #$PoliticalScience. SUMO: Any Science which studies human behavior, either in the aggregate as do, for example, Economics and Linguistics, or with respect to the individual, as does Psychology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social science' in WordNet: 1. (3) social science - (the branch of science that studies society and the relationships of individual within a society) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Science . :SocialScientist :wnsense "social scientist1n" ; :wordnet "social scientist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialScientist'' is an expert in some branch of the 'Social Sciences' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social scientist' in WordNet: 1. social scientist - (someone expert in the study of human society and its personal relationships) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Graduate, :Researcher, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialScience ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :SocialSecurityNumber :guid "bd58987e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Social Security number1n" ; :wordnet "Social Security number" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: an abstract notion of an SSN (SSAN). There will be a corresponding string, at least in English. (the string might not be unique, e.g. some forms require an SSN without the intervening dashes, some require the dashes.). Cyc: A specialization of #$UniqueID and #$IDNumber. Each instance of #$SocialSecurityNumber is a nine-digit unique identification number assigned by the #$SocialSecurityAdministration to a particular individual's #$SocialSecurityAccount. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Social Security number' in WordNet: 1. Social Security number - (the number of a particular individual's social security account) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IDNumber, :PersonIdentifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SocialSecurityNumberString ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractStringRepresentation ] . :SocialSecurityNumberString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractString representing a SocialSecurityNumber. The string may be all numbers, or may be organized as xxx-xx-xxxx. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IdentifierString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SocialSecurityNumber ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ] . :SocialSphere :wnsense "area2n", "arena1n", "domain1n", "field7n", "orbit2n", "sphere1n" ; :wordnet "area", "arena", "domain", "field", "orbit", "sphere" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SocialGroup consisting of some individual's family, friends, and acquaintences with whom that person interacts socially. Intellectual and scientific 'communities' are a separate type ''Community''. corresponds approximately to noun sense of 'domain' in WordNet: 1. (4) sphere, domain, area, orbit, field, arena - (a particular environment or walk of life; 'his social sphere is limited'; 'it was a closed area of employment'; 'he's out of my orbit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGroup . :SocialState a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SocialState' is a PersistentState of a Person that characterizes at least one aspect of that person's relations to other members of the Person's community. It will usually reflect how other persons view him/her. It is an Action because it has an Agent as its subject. See also the PersonTraitValue 'SocialStatus'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :SocialStature :wnsense "stature1n" ; :wordnet "stature" ; a :ActionType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SocialStature'' is having a high level of ''BeingEsteemed''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stature' in WordNet: 1. (8) stature - (high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement; 'a man of great stature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingEsteemed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingEsteemed ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :SocialStatusAttribute :wnsense "social status1n" ; :wordnet "social status" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SocialStatus is an Attribute that a person has as a result of other people having an opinion of that person. It is not an inherent trait, though it may be strongly influenced by a person's inherent traits. Instances may also apply to groups of people, such as women or young people in a particular culture. See also 'SocialState', a PersistentState. There are aspects of status, such as within-group and out-of-group attitudes that are not represented by a simple attribute. This needs to be elaborated considerably. NOTE that the phrase 'social status' in WordNet depicts a noun - but the subtypes are adjectives - need a better label?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social status' in Wordnet: 1. (1) social station, social status, social rank, rank - (position in a social hierarchy; 'the British are more aware of social status than Americans are') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :SocialSuccess :ldoce "success" ; :wnsense "success3n" ; :wordnet "success" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SocialSuccess' is the PersistentState that occurs after an Agent has achieved wealth, fame, or honor. There are many degrees and types of 'SocialSuccess', but all include some community recognition. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'success' in WordNet: 3. (10) success - (a state of prosperity or fame; 'he is enjoying great success'; 'he does not consider wealth synonymous with success') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingEsteemed, :BeingRecognized, :PersonalSuccess . :SocialSystem :wnsense "social organisation1n", "social organization1n", "social structure1n", "social system1n", "structure5n" ; :wordnet "social organisation", "social organization", "social structure", "social system", "structure" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SocialSystem'' is a System containing Rules and traditional and accepted norms of behavior within some large body of people forming a society. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'social system' in WordNet: 1. (2) social organization, social organisation, social structure, social system, structure - (the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships; 'the social organization of England and America is very different'; 'sociologists have studied the changing structure of the family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :System, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanRelationship ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SocialWelfare :wnsense "social welfare1n", "welfare1n" ; :wordnet "social welfare", "welfare" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SocialWelfare'' is ''FinancialAssistance'' provided by a government without requiring any work in return. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'welfare' in WordNet: 1. (3) social welfare, welfare - (governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialAssistance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Government ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Socialism :wnsense "socialism1n" ; :wordnet "socialism" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :SystemType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Socialism'' is the practice, not the theory. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'socialism' in WordNet: 1. (11) socialism - (a political theory advocating state ownership of industry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManagedEconomy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Socialist ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ] . :Socialist :guid "bf028a76-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "socialist1n" ; :wordnet "socialist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Persons that believe in the #$SocialisticIdeology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'socialist' in WordNet: 1. (1) socialist - (a political advocate of socialism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leftist, :Politician, :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Socialism ; owl:onProperty :supportsProposition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Socialism ; owl:onProperty :desires ] . :Socializing :guid "c02fdcd4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "socialise1v", "socialize1v" ; :wordnet "socialise", "socialize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This collection involves events of social interaction in a social setting. Instances usually have #$Communicating subevents, but communicating needn't be the primary subactivity. Instead, two people hanging out together drinking at a bar or dancing at a nightclub could be an instance of socializing, with or without conversation. The context of these events is a social context, therefore business meetings, commercial exchanges, interactions with the dental receptionist, etc. are not examples of #$Socializing, unless there is some non-official (i.e. social) purpose for the agents spending time together.--Causley, March 22, 1999. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'socialize' in WordNet: 1. (1) socialize, socialise - (take part in social activities; interact with others; 'He never socializes with his colleagues'; 'The old man hates to socialize') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SociabilityBasedAction, :SocialInteraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] ; owl:disjointWith :BusinessEvent . :Socializing-Adapting :wnsense "socialise2v", "socialization3n", "socialize2v" ; :wordnet "socialise", "socialization", "socialize" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Socializing-Adapting'' is the process by which a Person who is new to a social setting or community (including children just learning the basics) becomes acquainted with the norms of the culture and adapts behavior to fit in. The specific Adaptation of new immigrants is represented by the subtype ''Enculturation''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'socialize' and part of noun sense 3 of 'socialization' in WordNet: 2. socialize, socialise - (train for a social environment; 'The children must be properly socialized') WN noun 'socialization': 3. socialization, socialisation, acculturation, enculturation - (the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture; 'the socialization of children to the norms of their culture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdaptingOneself, :Educating, :Learning . :SocializingAnEconomy :wnsense "socialise4v", "socialize4v" ; :wordnet "socialise", "socialize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SocializingAnEconomy'' is an Action in which some part(s) of a ''NationalEconomy'' are modified to conform to ''Socialism'' principles. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'socialize' in WordNet: 4. socialize, socialise -(make conform to socialist ideas and philosophies; 'Health care should be socialized!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :NationalEconomy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Socialism ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Socialist ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredBy ] . :Socially :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Social ; :wnsense "socially1adv", "socially2adv" ; :wordnet "socially" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Socially'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that adjective thus qualified pertains to society or social interactions. Correspond to adverb sense 1 of'socially' in WordNet: 1. (3) socially - (by or with respect to society; 'socially accepted norms') 2. socially - (in a social manner; 'socially unpopular') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :SociallyAppropriate :isTheOppositeOf :Improper ; :ldoce "proper" ; :wnsense "appropriate4adj", "fitting1adj", "fitting2adj", "proper1adj" ; :wordnet "appropriate", "fitting", "proper" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SociallyAppropriate'' is an AttributeValue applied to actions that conform to and do not violate social norms of polite behavior. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'appropriate', senses 1 and 2 of 'fitting' and sense 1 of 'proper' in WordNet: 4. (1) appropriate, harmonious - (suitable and fitting; 'the tailored clothes were harmonious with her military bearing') WN 'fitting' 1. (5) fitting - (in harmony with the spirit of particular persons or occasion; 'We have come to dedicate a portion of that field... It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this') 2. (2) fitting, meet - (being precisely fitting and right; 'it is only meet that she should be seated first') WN 'proper' 1. (34) proper - (marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness; 'proper medical treatment'; 'proper manners') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suitable . :SociallyCorrect :ldoce "right" ; :wnsense "correct2adj", "right3adj" ; :wordnet "correct", "right" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SociallyCorrect''has ''PoliticallyCorrect'' as a subattribute, not yet represented. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'correct' in Wordnet: 2. (5) correct, right - (socially right or correct; 'it isn't right to leave the party without saying goodbye'; 'correct behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SociallySuccessful :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :SocialSuccess ; :ldoce "successful" ; :wnsense "successful1adj" ; :wordnet "successful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Successful' is an AttributeValue of a Person who performed enough 'SuccessfulAction's to gain some form of social recognition or wealth, and be considered as a 'success'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'successful' in WordNet (see 'SuccessfullyAccomplished' for the other part): in WordNet: 1. (42) successful - (having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome; 'a successful architect'; 'a successful business venture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Successful . :Society :ldoce "society" ; :wnsense "society1" ; :wordnet "society" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SocialGroup that has developed distinctive practices. Not necessarily an EthnicGroup. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'Society' in WordNet: 1. (88) society - (an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialGroup . :SocioEconomic :pertainsTo :EconomicClass, :MiddleClass, :UpperClass, :Wage, :WorkingClass ; :wnsense "socioeconomic1adj" ; :wordnet "socioeconomic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'socioeconomic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) socioeconomic - (involving social as well as economic factors; 'socioeconomic status') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Economic . :Sociolinguistics :wnsense "sociolinguistics1n" ; :wordnet "sociolinguistics" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sociolinguistics' in WordNet: 1. sociolinguistics - (the study of language in relation to its sociocultural context) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Linguistics, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Linguistics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialSystem ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Sociological :pertainsTo :Sociology ; :wnsense "sociological1adj" ; :wordnet "sociological" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sociological'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Sociology'' and related topics. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sociological' in Wordnet: 1. (2) sociological - (of or relating to or determined by sociology; 'sociological studies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Sociologist :guid "3e029ec4-2b65-11d8-9481-0007e9162f49" ; :wnsense "sociologist1n" ; :wordnet "sociologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sociologist'' is a ''SocialScientist'' who is an expert in 'sociology'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sociologist' in WordNet: 1. (1) sociologist - (a social scientist who studies the institutions and development of human society) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialScientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sociology ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Sociology :wnsense "sociology1n" ; :wordnet "sociology" ; a :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sociology'' is a ''SocialScience'' that studies attributes of identifiable interacting subgroups of people, and attempts to find regularities that permit identification of causes and predictability of human behavior. RHW: the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations, institutions, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sociology' in WordNet: 1. sociology - (the study and classification of human societies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialScience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Society ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Sock :guid "bd588fb8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sock" ; :wnsense "sock1n" ; :wordnet "sock" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Close-fitting covering for foot and ankle, and often the lower leg. It differs from stocking by what it covers: a sock doesn't cover the upper leg, whereas a stocking does. SUMO: A piece of Clothing that is made of a soft Fabric like Cotton and that is intended to be worn on the Foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sock' in WordNet: 1. (3) sock - (hosiery consisting of a cloth covering for the foot; worn inside the shoe; reaches to between the ankle and the knee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HosieryItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Socket :guid "bd5887f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "socket2n", "socket3n" ; :wordnet "socket" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: Sockets are objects, often parts of other things, which are intended to serve as the site for stuffs to enter the thing. This is an artifact, not a bone 'socket'. A ''Socket'' need not be separately manufactured, it could designate an arbitrary part that has a cavity designed to receive a compatably shaped connector. COSMO: This is interpreted as the female end of a coupler used to transmit electrical power or (as part of a conduit) fluids (gases or liquids). To be a socket, it is necessary to have some cavity into which a paired male coupler can be inserted. In addition to electrical sockets, the receiving end of a coupler on a garden hose is a subtype, as is the receiving part of a ground-glass joint in laboratory glass equipment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'socket' in Wordnet: 2. socket - (receptacle where something (a pipe or probe or end of a bone) is inserted) 3. socket - (a receptacle into which an electric device can be inserted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coupler . :SodaPop :wnsense "pop2n", "soda pop1n", "soda2n", "tonic2n" ; :wordnet "pop", "soda", "soda pop", "tonic" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A manufactured (not natural) carbonated beverage, including carbonated bottled water. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'soda pop' in WordNet: 2. (1) pop, soda, soda pop, soda water, tonic - (a sweet drink containing carbonated water and flavoring; \"in New England they call sodas tonics\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PleasantThing, :SoftDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sodium :guid "bd58d406-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "11"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Na1n", "atomic number 111n", "sodium1n" ; :wordnet "Na", "atomic number 11", "sodium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element with eleven protons in each nucleus. One of the two elements in table salt (sodium chloride) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sodium' in WordNet: 1. (9) sodium, Na, atomic number 11 - (a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlkaliMetal, :ChemicalElement, :SolidSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SodiumAtom ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfManyOf ] . :SodiumAtom :en "sodium atom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One atom of Sodium; isotopes of specific atomic weight are subtypes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Atom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sodium ; owl:onProperty :isTheUnitObjectOf ] . :SodiumChloride :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_NaCl ; :hasComponentSubstance :Chlorine ; :wnsense "common salt1n", "sodium chloride1n" ; :wordnet "common salt", "sodium chloride" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An inorganic salt that has one sodium ion and one chloride ion in its molecular composition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sodium chloride' in WordNet: 1. (7) sodium chloride, common salt - (a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chloride, :InorganicSodiumSalt, :WaterSolubleStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SaltyTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sodium ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chlorine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :SodiumHydroxide :containsChemicalElement :Hydrogen, :Oxygen, :Sodium ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_NaOH ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :ChemicallyBasic ; :wnsense "caustic soda1n", "sodium hydroxide1n" ; :wordnet "caustic soda", "sodium hydroxide" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An inorganic salt that has sodium ions as the cations and hydroxyl as the anion - NaOH. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sodium hydroxide' in WordNet: 1. (1) sodium hydroxide, caustic soda - (a strongly alkaline caustic used in manufacturing soap and paper and aluminum and various sodium compounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicSalt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sodium ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Oxygen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hydrogen ; owl:onProperty :containsChemicalElement ] . :Sofa :guid "bd58df14-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "couch1n", "lounge1n", "sofa1n" ; :wordnet "couch", "lounge", "sofa" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FurniturePiece'' that is an upholstered ''SeatingDevice'' that is designed to support more than one person, with no maximum specified. CYC: 'Sofa-PieceOfFurniture': A piece of furniture used for seating that can hold more than one person comfortably; usually padded and fully upholstered [covered with fabric]. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sofa', sense 1 of'couch' and sense 1 of 'lounge' in WordNet: 1. (5) sofa, couch, lounge - (an upholstered seat for more than one person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :HexalateralObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :Person-SupportingFurniture, :SeatingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FabricObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :Soft :isTheOppositeOf :Hard ; :ldoce "soft" ; :wnsense "soft1adj" ; :wordnet "soft" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of substances or objects made of those substances, that allows the objects to be deformed relatively easily and easily cut with a knife, e.g. fresh bread. Opposite of 'Hard'. NOTE that the attribute ''Soft'' and ''SemiSolid'' are both ''Deformable'', but ''SemiSolid''is for substances and Objects that has some component of liquid in them. This distinguishes ''SemiSolid'' from ''Soft'', which is for ''PhysicalObject''s that have an outer surface which may be a covering) that does not have a liquid component, and though ''Deformable'' may restore to its original shape, such as a spongy or velvety object. Pillows and many other ''Stuffed'' objects have the ''Soft'' attribute while 'SemiSolid' objects, after being deformed, will not easily be restored to the original shape.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soft' in WordNet: 1. (18) soft - (yielding readily to pressure or weight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deformable, :Solid . :Soft-Sound :isTheOppositeOf :Loud ; :ldoce "low", "soft" ; :wnsense "low3adj", "soft3adj" ; :wordnet "low", "soft" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Soft-Sound' is the opposite of 'Loud', a verbal value for sound intensity that specifies that the decidel level is relatively low, though it may be satisafactory or not satisfactory, depending on the situation. This attribute is relative, and an absolute decibel value that is soft to one person may be too loud for another; in part this depends on hearing acuity. Coresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'soft' and adj sense 3 of 'low' in WordNet: 3. (4) soft - ((of sound) relatively low in volume; 'soft voices'; 'soft music') WN 'low': 3. (11) low, low-toned - (very low in volume; 'a low murmur'; 'the low-toned murmur of the surf') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Soft-finnedFish :wnsense "malacopterygian1n", "soft-finned fish1n" ; :wordnet "malacopterygian", "soft-finned fish" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soft-finned fish' in WordNet: 1. soft-finned fish, malacopterygian - (any fish of the superorder Malacopterygii) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Teleost . :SoftDrink :guid "bd58b44d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "soft drink1n" ; :wordnet "soft drink" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A manufactured (not natural) carbonated beverage, including carbonated bottled water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soft drink' in WordNet: 1. (2) soft drink - (nonalcoholic beverage (usually carbonated)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :CarbonatedBeverage, :NonAlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EthylAlcohol ; owl:onProperty :doesNotContainSubstance ] . :SoftSolidInorganicStuff a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SoftSolidInorganicStuff'' is a type of soft solid that is mostly ''InorganicMaterial'', used as a parent for ''Clay'' but including any other type of soft granular inorganic materal with the consistency of ''Dough''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Granular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SoftballBall :wnsense "playground ball1n", "softball1n" ; :wordnet "playground ball", "softball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ball used in a SoftballGame. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'softball' in WordNet: 1. softball, playground ball - (ball used in playing softball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballBall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoftballGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoftballGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :SoftballGame :wnsense "softball game1n", "softball2n" ; :wordnet "softball", "softball game" ; a :GameType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'softball' in WordNet: 2. softball, softball game - (a game closely resembling baseball that is played on a smaller diamond and with a ball that is larger and softer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoftballBall ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BaseballField ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :Softener :wnsense "softener1n" ; :wordnet "softener" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'softener' in WordNet: 1. softener - (a substance added to another to make it less hard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Softening ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Softening ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Softening :eng "softening" ; :wnsense "soften7v" ; :wordnet "soften" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Event in which a quantity of substance in a solid or semisolid form becomes softer; this is the intransitive sense. The softening may or may not be reversible. Corresponds to the intransitive verb sense 7 of 'soften' in WordNet: 7. soften - (become soft or softer; 'The bread will soften if you pour some liquid on it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :PhysicalTransformationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Softness ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hardening ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Softness :wnsense "softness1n" ; :wordnet "softness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Softness'' is a subtype of ''Consistence'' characteristic of physical objects that are ''Soft''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'softness' in WordNet: 1. (2) softness - (the property of giving little resistance to pressure and being easily cut or molded) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Consistence . :Software :wnsense "computer software1n", "package3n", "software package1n", "software program1n", "software system1n", "software1n" ; :wordnet "computer software", "package", "software", "software package", "software program", "software system" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Software'' is the collective term for ''ComputerProgram''s of any type. This is treated in COSMO as a Group of ''ComputerPrograms'', which can also refer to a single .''ComputerProgram''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'software' in WordNet: 1. software, software program, computer software, software system, software package, package - ((computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory; 'the market for software is expected to expand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :ComputerProgram, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ComputerProgram ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SoftwareAgent a :AgentType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SoftwareAgent is a ComputerProgram designed to function as an Agent, i.e. to perform functions and make decisions beyond routine local processing, without being directed specifically to do such functions by the program user. As with other kinds of Agents, there is a continuum of independence that creates a borderline category between traditional programs ans programs that act as Agents. At a minimum, an Agent must be able to make decisions that depend on data that was not in the computer at the start of the program, i.e., the functions of the SoftwareAgent must depend on access to local or remote sensor data or to data that was acquired, e.g. over a network, after the program was initiated by the user. Because a program with this level of independent decision-making can be viewed as having 'intentions', it is classified here as a subtype of 'IntentionalAgent'. However, it is not necessarily an IntelligentAgent, since a SoftwareAgent does not necessarily have the ability to understand language, even if it has a motivation (usually built-in) and an ability to make decisions.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :ComputerProgram, :IntentionalAgent . :Soil :guid "c00622f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "dirt", "earth", "soil" ; :wnsense "dirt1n", "earth2n", "ground7n", "soil2n", "soil3n" ; :wordnet "dirt", "earth", "ground", "soil" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Soil-Generic'. Note that 'Soil' is considered as 'Solid' in COSMO, though it is not rigid. ''Soil''is soft and to some extent granular; it is not necessarily tillable, as desert sand is also ''Soil'' in this type,a and (as per the Wordnet sense 3, though marginally). COSMO note: this type is represented as a PhysicalSubstance, though some uses of 'soil' in language may be interpreted as an Object made of 'Soil' substance. As of rev 1121, no soil 'Object' is yet represented. Cyc: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$LandStuff. Each instance of #$Soil-Generic is a portion of earth in which one can (usually) grow plants. Instances of #$Soil-Generic include soils that are part of the top layer of the ground, as well as soils that are processed and sold at lawn and gardening stores. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'soil' in RHW: 1. the portion of the earth's surface consisting of disintegrated rock and humus. Corresponds to senses 2 and 3 of 'soil' and sense 2 of 'earth' and sense 1 of 'dirt' in WordNet; all of these are interpreted as substance, though the parent of WN sense 3 is a physical object: in WordNet: 2. (12) soil, dirt - (the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock) WN 'earth': 2. (20) earth, ground - (the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface; 'they dug into the earth outside the church') 3. (3) land, ground, soil - (material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use); 'the land had never been plowed'; 'good agricultural soil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandStuff, :OpaqueSubstance, :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Granular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SoilDust :consistsOfManyOf :DustParticle ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Soil ; :ldoce "dust" ; :wnsense "dust1n", "dust3n" ; :wordnet "dust" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Dust composed of small particles of Soil that became suspended in the air Corresponds to noun sense 1 , and les often to sense 3, of 'dust' in WordNet: 1. (42) dust - (fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the air; 'the furniture was covered with dust') 3. dust - (free microscopic particles of solid material; 'astronomers say that the empty space between planets actually contains measurable amounts of dust') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dust . :SoilObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SoilObject'' is any quantity of ''Soil'', whether in situ or removed from the Ground, , such as a 'shovelful of dirt'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SoilTiller :wnsense "tiller1n" ; :wordnet "tiller" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who tills the soil at some particular time, not necessarily full-time.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tiller' in WordNet: 2. tiller - (someone who tills land (prepares the soil for the planting of crops)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TillingSoil ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :SoiledClothObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''PieceOfCloth'' suffieciently soiled to be a candidaet for washing. Objects like this often wind up as one item in the 'Laundry'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirtyObject, :PieceOfCloth . :Sojourn :wnsense "sojourn1n", "sojourn1v", "visit5n" ; :wordnet "sojourn", "visit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sojourn'' is a ''RemainingInaLocation'' that is temporary and is the middle subEvent of ''Sojourning''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sojourn' in WordNet: 1. (1) sojourn, visit - (a temporary stay (e.g., as a guest)) WN verb 'sojourn': 1. sojourn - (spend a certain length of time; reside temporarily) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemainingInaLocation, :SpendingTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisitingaPlace ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Sol :canEmit :VisibleLight ; :en "Sol" ; :hasMassInGrams "1.9891E33"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :SolarSystem ; :isaComponentElementOf :SolarSystem ; :ldoce "sun" ; :wnsense "sun1n" ; :wordnet "sun" ; a :Sun ; rdfs:comment """The star that is at the center of our solar system; Earth's Sun. Corresponds to entry 4, sense 2 for 'Sol' in RHW: 2. the sun, personified by the Romans as a god. No entry for 'Sol' in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sun' in WordNet: 1. (47) sun - (a typical star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system; 'the sun contains 99.85% of the mass in the solar system') """ . :Solace :wnsense "consolation1n", "solace1n", "solacement2n" ; :wordnet "consolation", "solace", "solacement" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Solace'' is a ''MentalComfort'' achieved when the mental pain of loss has lessened to where the grief no longer is a serious constant distraction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solace' in WordNet: 1. (2) consolation, solace, solacement - (the comfort you feel when consoled in times of disappointment; \"second place was no consolation to him\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalComfort, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worry ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :SolanaceousVegetable :wnsense "solanaceous vegetable1n" ; :wordnet "solanaceous vegetable" ; a :FoodType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SolanaceousVegetable'' is a ''Fruit'' (an object) derived from a ''Vegetable-Plant''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solanaceous vegetable' in WordNet: 1. solanaceous vegetable - (any of several fruits of plants of the family Solanaceae; especially of the genera Solanum, Capsicum, and Lycopersicon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fruit, :VegetableFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vegetable-Plant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vegetable-Food ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Solar :pertainsTo :Sol, :SunLight ; :wnsense "solar1adj" ; :wordnet "solar" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Solar'' refers to the Earth's sun (''Sol'') and associated things like solar energy. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'solar' in WordNet: 1. (4) solar - (relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun; 'solar eclipse'; 'solar energy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SolarCell :guid "bd58b8b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "photovoltaic cell1n", "solar cell1n" ; :wordnet "photovoltaic cell", "solar cell" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SolarCell'' consumes SolarEnergy and produces ''Electricity''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solar cell' in WordNet: 1. solar cell, photovoltaic cell - (a cell that converts solar energy into electrical energy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ElectricalDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, :Transducer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConvertingLightEnergyToElectricity ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SunLight ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Electricity ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolarEnergy ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :SolarEclipse :wnsense "solar eclipse1n" ; :wordnet "solar eclipse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SolarEclipse'' is a 'BlockingEclipse'' in which the ''EarthsMoon'' moves between the Earth and the Sun (''Sol''), blocking the view of the whole sun (total eclipse) or part of the sun (partial eclipse) from the Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solar eclipse' in WordNet: 1. solar eclipse - (the moon interrupts light from the sun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingEclipse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViewingTheSun ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsMoon ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SolarEnergy :wnsense "solar energy1n", "solar power1n" ; :wordnet "solar energy", "solar power" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SolarEnergy'' is the ''LightEnergy'' contained in radiation from the Sun, or more generally, from any ''Star''. This can be transformed into ''Electricity'' in ''SolarCell''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solar energy' in WordNet: 1. solar energy, solar power - (energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy; 'the amount of energy falling on the earth is given by the solar constant, but very little use has been made of solar energy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightEnergy, :RenewableEnergy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SunLight ; owl:onProperty :isaConstituentSubstanceOf ] . :SolarPanel :guid "c10b6573-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "solar array1n", "solar battery1n", "solar panel1n" ; :wordnet "solar array", "solar battery", "solar panel" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Device consisting of an array of photovoltaic cells, designed to produce electrical current when illuminated by sunlight. Since sigle solar cells often do not produce enough current to power devices, they are arrnaged in panels. The current produced by an array is a linear function of the number of cells. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solar panel' in WordNet: 1. solar array, solar battery, solar panel - (electrical device consisting of a large array of connected solar cells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalComponent, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolarCell ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolarEnergy ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ] . :SolarPlanet :wnsense "major planet1n", "planet1n" ; :wordnet "major planet", "planet" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any planet orbiting our sun Sol, including Earth. 'The Nine Planets' (now considered technically as only eight). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'planet' in WordNet: 1. (21) planet, major planet - ((astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto in order of their proximity to the sun; viewed from the constellation Hercules, all the planets rotate around the sun in a counterclockwise direction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Planet-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sol ; owl:onProperty :orbits ] . :SolarSystem :hasComponentElement :Earth, :Sol ; :hasMassInGrams "2.1E33"^^xsd:float ; a :StarSystem ; rdfs:comment """The StarSystem where humans live,including the planet Earth. WordNet 'solar system': in WordNet: 1. (5) solar system - (the sun with the celestial bodies that revolve around it in its gravitational field) """ . :Solder :wnsense "solder1n" ; :wordnet "solder" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bonding material consisting of an ''Alloy'' used to make connections between two metal objects, such as between parts of an electronic circuit, or in jewelry. 'Solder'' is used to make a 'Connection-Physical'' and in so doing, it forms part of the connection. @ToDo: define 'soldering'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solder' in WordNet: 1. (1) solder - (an alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alloy, :BondingMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Connection-Physical ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMake ] . :SolderConnection a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SolderConnection' is a connecting part (Connection-Physical) of some metal parts of an object having metal parts that were joined from two or more separated parts by ''Soldering'' . This type only represents the part of the object that is the actual connection, consisting of the solidified ''Solder'' that was applied and melted to make the connection. The edges of the connection may not be well-defined and may overlap the connected parts, therefore this type is a subtype of 'PartAsaRegion'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'weld' in WordNet: 3. weld - (a metal joint formed by softening with heat and fusing or hammering together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Connection-Physical, :PartAsaRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solder ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soldering ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Soldering a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Soldering'' is an Action in which two metallic objects are connected together by placing the edges in contact, and heating some quantity of ''Solder'' so that it melts and flows in the narrow space between the two objects, and solidifies there, creating a ''Connection'Physical''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttachmentEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolderConnection ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Soldier :guid "bd58eb4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "soldier" ; :wnsense "soldier1n" ; :wordnet "soldier" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation, and a specialization of #$MilitaryPerson. Each instance of #$Soldier is a person who serves in some military organization that operates primarily or exclusively on land (as opposed to on the water or in the air). COSMO note: this is for members of the ''Army''. Members of the Navy, AirFore, Marines, or CoastGuard are referred to by different terms. SUMO: The class of 'SkilledWorker's which involve serving in the armed forces of a Nation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soldier' in WordNet: 1. (166) soldier - (an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army; 'the soldiers stood at attention') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryPerson, :SkilledWorker, :Warrior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Army ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Sole :isTheOppositeOf :Shared ; :wnsense "exclusive1adj", "sole1adj", "undivided2adj" ; :wordnet "exclusive", "sole", "undivided" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sole'' is a property of something that is not shared with other people. For the sense of 'sole' in 'sole proprietor' use ''Only''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'exclusive' and sense 2 of 'undivided' in WordNet: 1. (6) exclusive, sole - (not divided or shared with others; 'they have exclusive use of the machine'; 'sole rights of publication') WN adj'undivided: 2. undivided - (not shared by or among others; 'undivided responsibility') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restricted . :Solemn :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Solemnity ; :wnsense "solemn1adj" ; :wordnet "solemn" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing ''Solemnity''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'solemn' in WordNet: 1. (2) grave, sedate, sober, solemn - (dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises; 'a grave God-fearing man'; 'a quiet sedate nature'; 'as sober as a judge'; 'a solemn promise'; 'the judge was solemn as he pronounced sentence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Somber . :Solemnity :guid "bd58b27a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gravity3n", "solemnity2n" ; :wordnet "gravity", "solemnity" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Feeling of impressive gravity, as if weighed down by deep thought or important work. Not light or frivolous, but serious. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'solemnity' in Wordnet: 2. gravity, solemnity - (a solemn and dignified feeling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :SolicitationOfMoney :wnsense "appeal4n", "beg2v", "collection3n", "solicit1v", "solicitation2n" ; :wordnet "appeal", "beg", "collection", "solicit", "solicitation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SolicitationOfMoney'' is a ''Requesting'' for donations of ''Money'' for some person, Group,or Organization (or a cause?). The thing solicited is not necessarily money or money equivalent, despite the label - donations 'in kind' (e.g. used clothing) may be solicited. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'solicitation' in WordNet: 2. (1) solicitation, appeal, collection, ingathering - (request for a sum of money; 'an appeal to raise money for starving children') WN verb 'solicit': 1. (4) solicit, beg, tap - (make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently; 'Henry IV solicited the Pope for a divorce'; 'My neighbor keeps soliciting money for different charities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThingRequested ; owl:someValuesFrom :Donation ] . :SolicitingBusiness :wnsense "solicit5v" ; :wordnet "solicit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SolicitingBusiness is to offer commercial products or services by direct contact (in person or by telephone) with a potential customer. For 'soliciting' money for charity use ''SolicitationOfMoney''. NOTE the closest WN sense of 'solicit;' is sense 5, but more specific is sense 6 in RHW: 6. to solicit orders or trade, as for a business: No soliciting allowed in this building. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'solicit' in WordNet: 5. solicit - (make a solicitation or petition for something desired; 'She is too shy to solicit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarketingActivity, :OfferingForSale . :Solicitor :wnsense "solicitor2n" ; :wordnet "solicitor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Solicitor'' is a British ''Lawyer'' who does not represent clients in court cases. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'solicitor' in WordNet: 2. solicitor - (a British lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares legal documents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BritishPerson, :Lawyer . :Solid :guid "fe5bdeb6-74b9-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "solid" ; :wnsense "solid1adj" ; :wordnet "solid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The QualitativeAttributeValue of objects that are not liquid or gaseous - when this is asserted of self-connected (not granular) objects, it means that they have a definite volume and hold their shape with at most 30% deformation in Earth's gravitational field. Compare this with 'SemiSolid'. Note that 'Soil' is considered 'Solid' even though it is often granular. This is a borderline case. 'Solid' also describes granular meterial that may flow like liquids In Cyc a similar concept is called 'NonFluidlike', but in Cyc it is an Object (not an AttributeValue), and the degree of rigidity is not clear: Cyc: The subcollection of #$PartiallyTangible whose instances are not like fluids. #$NonFluidlike objects do not flow and have an intrinsic shape. #$NonFluidlike is primarily a collection union of #$SolidTangibleThing and #$SemiSolidTangibleThing. It is useful as a genl collection for certain collections whose members can be both #$SolidTangibleThings and #$SemiSolidTangibleThings, like #$Deformable. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'solid' in WordNet, but it is not clear if Wordnet intended to include granular materials, which are included in this type: in WordNet: 1. (12) solid - (of definite shape and volume; firm; neither liquid nor gaseous; 'ice is water in the solid state') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Solid-Substantial :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Superiority ; :wnsense "solid7adj", "strong6adj", "substantial5adj" ; :wordnet "solid", "strong", "substantial" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 7 of 'solid' in Wordnet: 7. (1) solid, strong, substantial - (of good quality and condition; solidly built; 'a solid foundation'; 'several substantial timber buildings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :High-Quality, :Strong . :SolidAngleMeasure a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The value of an angle in a solid." ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :SolidAnimalMatter :guid "bd58c66f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "All pieces of solid animal material." ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicSubstance, :SolidSubstance . :SolidColored :wnsense "self-colored1adj", "self-coloured1adj", "solid13adj" ; :wordnet "self-colored", "self-coloured", "solid" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SolidColored'' is the Attribute of an object whose color is the same over the whole of the surface being characterized, as contrasted with a subtype of ''Patterned'' surface in which different colors are present on the surface in some describable pattern. NOTE that a Cloth that is ''SolidColored'' but has a surface texture can be classified as ''Patterned'' but not as any of the subtypes of ''Patterned''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'self-colored' in Wordnet: 1. solid, self-colored, self-coloured - (of the same color throughout; 'solid color') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored, :Plain, :SurfaceAttributeValue . :SolidFoam :guid "c10075e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Gas ; :hasDensityMeasure :LightDensity ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :SolidSubstance ; :wnsense "foam2n" ; :wordnet "foam" ; a :RoleType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the 'Foam' that is solid, whether soft like a foam pillow or semi-rigid like styrofoam. The included ''Gas'' is usually ''Air'', but this type does not restrict it, as other gases could be used. These are represented as having a density less than that of ''Water'', labeled ''LightDensity'' and having a density measure ''LessThan_1''. NOTE: this seems to be the intended meaning of the CYC ''Foam'' class: CYC: The collection of all foam. Foam is a lightweight, opaque semi-solid substance. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'foam' in WordNet: 2. (1) foam - (a lightweight material in cellular form; made by introducing gas bubbles during manufacture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance . :SolidFood :guid "be995b13-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "food" ; :wnsense "food2n", "solid food1n" ; :wordnet "food", "solid food" ; a :RoleType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subcollection of #$Food that is normally in a #$Solid-StateOfMatter when eaten. @ToDo: should this be a Role? Corresponds to noun sense 2 (solid) of 'food' in WordNet: 2. food, solid food - (any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment; 'food and drink') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, :SolidSubstance . :SolidFoodArtifact :en "solid food object" ; :enn "solid food object" ; :guid "a5ff3414-7514-41d7-862f-ecc76d74b672" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :SolidFoodObject . :SolidFoodObject :guid "be995b13-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subcollection of #$Food that is normally in a #$Solid-StateOfMatter when eaten.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SolidObject :ldoce "solid" ; :wnsense "solid3n" ; :wordnet "solid" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SolidObject is a PhysicalObject that retains its shape with less than 30% distortion in any one dimension when placed on a surface in air *or in water* in Earth's gravitational field. This means that reasonably solid but compressible gels qualify as SolidObjects. For objects that are not soft like gels, use the attribute 'Hard'; For single self-connected objects (''WholeObject''s), rather than granular objects, that are less distortable than gels, use 'RigidObject'. NOTE that a SolidObject does not have to be rigid. All Organisms are SolidObjects, even jellyfish. To be solid, and object may distort, but cannot flow as a liquid or disperse as a gas. there is no exact Wordnet equivalent, the closest being part of sense 3: 3. solid - (a three-dimensional shape) But that sense seems to include abstract objects, which are not included in this sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SolidObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SolidObjectType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for ''SolidObject''s and an argument restriction for various relations on ''SolidObject'' types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectType . :SolidSubstance :guid "bd58c494-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "solid" ; :wnsense "solid1n" ; :wordnet "solid" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc, this was 'SolidTangibleThing', a collection of objects. In COSMO, we rename and repurpose this category to be a solid substance, with subtypes that are substances that are solid at normal temperature and pressure. NOTE that to be solid only requires that a substance not be able to pour like a liquid or diffuse like a gas. Various semisolid substances, such as animal 'Tissue' are classified as 'solid' in COSMO. Cyc comment: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$SolidTangibleThing is a piece of stuff possessing many of the properties that matter in a solid state (see the constant #$Solid-StateOfMatter) exhibits (although not all instances of #$SolidTangibleThing are formally in a solid state). Instances have a shape independent from their container, and, when deformed with sufficient force (which may be small for weak, brittle materials or high for materials that deform easily), they break. Examples of #$SolidTangibleThings include: pieces of substances in a solid state of matter, such as ice cubes; solid mixtures like a quarter-dollar coin or a paper bag; and complex mixtures of biological origin that behave like solids, e.g., bone. Note that some pieces of matter that are formally in a solid state (for example, pieces of clay) are not instances of #$SolidTangibleThing, since they do not readily break when deformed; for this reason, #$Solid-StateOfMatter is _not_ a specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Collections of the solid form of any type of stuff can be created using #$SolidFn (q.v.). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'solid' in WordNet: 1. (66) solid - (a substance that is solid at room temperature and pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceByState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SolidSubstanceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SolidSubstanceType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'SolidSubstance' and other entities..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType . :SolidSurfacePathThroughAir :en "path on a surface" ; :enn "path on a surface" ; :guid "bd58ca42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all existing or designated #$Path-Spatials that pass through air along a solid surface. An object following such a path is immersed in the air but supported by the solid surface of the path. To refer to a pure trajectory of the motion, regardless of whether there is any pre-existing or pre-designated #$Path-Spatial, see #$SolidSurfaceTrajectoryThroughAir. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Physical, :Path-Spatial . :SolidTangibleArtifact :guid "bd58cf9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PartiallyTangibleProduct and #$SolidTangibleThing . Each instance of #$SolidTangibleArtifact is a partially tangible product that is also a solid. Instances include both solid objects (for example, instances of the collection #$Automobile) as well as portions of stuff in solid form (for example, instances of the collection #$Cloth). Note that items that are always sold as part of something else (for example, the instances of #$DiskSector) are not instances of #$SolidTangibleArtifact.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :SolidObject . :Solidarity :wnsense "solidarity1n" ; :wordnet "solidarity" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Solidarity'' is a ''Loyalty'' directed at some ''InterestGroup'' of which a Person is a member. The 'InterestGroup''could be an Organization such as a ''LaborUnion'' or a Club. This Feeling creates a bond (which can be weak) among the members of the Group, and may be focused on some specific topic (an 'interest') shared by other members of the Group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solidarity' in WordNet: 1. (5) solidarity - (a union of interests or purposes or sympathies among members of a group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Loyalty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InterestGroup ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InterestGroupMember ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Solidification :wnsense "solidification1n", "solidify1v", "solidify2v", "solidifying1n" ; :wordnet "solidification", "solidify", "solidifying" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which a substance changes from a liquid or gaseous form to a solid form, whether due to Freezing, or to some congealing such as for concrete, glue, cement, a gel, or other congealing process. For freezing liquids by lowering the temperature, use 'Freezing' Includes both transitive and intransitive senses 1 and 2 of 'solidify', and noun sense 1 of 'solidification' in WordNet: 1. solidify - (make solid or more solid; cause to solidify) 2. solidify - (become solid; 'The metal solidified when it cooled') WN noun 'solidification': 1. hardening, solidifying, solidification, set, curing - (the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization; 'the hardening of concrete'; 'he tested the set of the glue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hardening, :StateChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solid ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :SolidifyingSubstance a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SolidifyingSubstance is a PhysicalSubstance that starts out as a liquid and congeals into a solid, by a process other than Freezing (due to low temperature). It may be natural (amber) or artificial (glue, concrete). It may be encountered at room temperature as either liquid or solid.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance . :Solidly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Relentless ; :pertainsTo :ArtifactObject ; :wnsense "solidly1adv" ; :wordnet "solidly" ; a :AdverbType, :AdverbialModifier, :LogicalFunctionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'solidly' in Wordnet: 2. (1) solidly - (with strength and soundness; 'a solidly built house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Soliloquy :wnsense "monologue1n", "soliloquy1n", "soliloquy2n" ; :wordnet "monologue", "soliloquy" ; a :ActionType, :LanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Soliloquy'' is a ''Monologue'' that is not part of a conversation,but someone speaking to him/herself. The 'dramatic speech' sense 2 should be a subtype. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'soliloquy' in WordNet: 1. soliloquy, monologue - (speech you make to yourself) 2. soliloquy - (a (usually long) dramatic speech intended to give the illusion of unspoken reflections) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Monologue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedAudience ; owl:someValuesFrom :Self ] . :Solitude :guid "c0ed0ad9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "solitude1n" ; :wordnet "solitude" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Solitude'' is a general type of state in which a Person is ''Alone'' for any length of time. For being alone for some extended time, whether voluntary or forced, use ''Isolation''. For the feeling of solitude (loneliness) see 'Loneliness'. Cyc: The state of being alone or remote from society In WordNet this is sense 1 of 'solitude': in WordNet: solitude, purdah - (a state of social isolation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Isolation, :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alone ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :SoloMusicalPerformance :wnsense "solo1n" ; :wordnet "solo" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SoloMusicalPerformance'' is a ''MusicalPerformance'' perfromed by a single performer. This can be part of a larger ''MusicalPerformance'' such as a ''Concerto'' or a solo Aria from an Opera.. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'solo' (for music) in WordNet: 1. (1) solo - (any activity that is performed alone without assistance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalPerformance, :SoloPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :SoloPerformance :wnsense "solo1n" ; :wordnet "solo" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SoloPerformance'' is a ''Performance'' (''PerformingInFrontOfGroup'') executed by one person in some time interval (which can be interpolated among other actions by more than one person, such as a solo riff dring a group musical performance). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solo' in WordNet: 1. (1) solo - (any activity that is performed alone without assistance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Performance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SolomonIslands a :Country . :Solstice :guid "43937526-8521-11d6-8000-0002b34b8539" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$QualitativeTimeOfYear. Each instance of #$Solstice is an event during which the sun is at its greatest distance north or south of the celestial equator. Each instance of #$Solstice occurs during an instance of #$SolsticeDay (q.v.). One solstice occurs annually about June 21 (see #$JuneSolstice), and another occurs annually about December 21 (see #$DecemberSolstice). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AstronomicalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sol ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeasonOfYear ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolsticeDay ; owl:onProperty :occurredInTimeInterval ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwicePerYear ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ] . :SolsticeDay :guid "43937526-8521-11d6-8000-0002b34b8539" ; :wnsense "solstice1n" ; :wordnet "solstice" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$QualitativeTimeOfYear. Each instance of #$Solstice is an event during which the sun is at its greatest distance north or south of the celestial equator. Each instance of #$Solstice occurs during an instance of #$SolsticeDay (q.v.). One solstice occurs annually about June 21 (see #$JuneSolstice), and another occurs annually about December 21 (see #$DecemberSolstice). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solstice' in WordNet: 1. solstice - (either of the two times of the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DayOfTheYear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solstice ; owl:onProperty :hasEventType ] . :SolubilityValue :guid "be00aad7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "solubility2n" ; :wordnet "solubility" ; a :AttributeValueType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SolubilityValue' is a value representing the limit of solubility of some PhysicalSubstance in some solvent, at some temperature and pressure. It is represented as an OrderedQuartet in which the first element is a Ratio (of the solute to solvent), the second element is the units, the third element is the solvent, and the fourth element is the TemperatureMeasure at which the solubility applies. A solubility may also depend on pressure, and the assumption for this type is that the pressure is normal atmospheric pressure: 760 mm Hg. A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Solubility describes how readily some tangible substance dissolves in some kind of liquid. Different levels of #$Solubility may be represented with #$GenericValueFunctions or qualitatively (e.g., #$WillDissolve, #$Insoluble). NOTE that the 'SoluteSolventUnit' is required because solubilities are expressed in various ways: grams of solute per gram of solvent in the saturated solution ('MassSolutePerMassOfSolvent'); grams of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent ('GramsSolutePerLiterOfSolvent'); grams of solute that will be dissolved at saturation in a given volume of solution ('GramsSolutePerLiterOfSolution'); or moles of solute per mole of solvent in the saturated solution ('MolesSolutePerMoleOfSolvent') - this last requires that the solute and solvent be chemically defined substances (e.g. it cannot be gasoline, a mixture of hydrocarbons to use that unit). The same instance of 'SolubilityValue' at some temperature may apply to more than one substance, if the numerical value is not highly precise. This will be true for example if lower limits of solubility are recorded for multiple poorly soluble substances in the same data set. To conveniently relate a PhysicalSubstance to a set of solubilities depending on temperature, use the more compact representation 'SolubilityTable'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'solubility' in WordNet: 2. (2) solubility - (the quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in a particular solvent (yielding a saturated solution)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :OrderedQuartet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ratio ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :SoluteSolventUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :inSolvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :atTemperature ; owl:someValuesFrom :TemperatureMeasure ] . :Soluble :contrastsWith :Insoluble ; :wnsense "soluble1adj" ; :wordnet "soluble" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Soluble is an attribute of PhysicalSubstances that means that at least 3 grams of the substance will dissolve in 100 ml of water. This 'soluble' is specifically for water, and has the common-sense meaning that, if one had a small quantity of a pwdery substance and wanted to wash it away, rinsing with water will do the job fairly quickly. The quantitative attribute 'ConcentrationMeasure' specifies the actual amount of solute in each volume of solution, and is related to a solution by the relation 'hasConcentration'. NOTE: in this qualitative classification, 'Insoluble' means a solubility of less than 0.1 gram per 100 ml, and 'PartlySoluble' means between 0.1 and 3 grams per 100 ml.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soluble' in WordNet: 1. (5) soluble - ((of a substance) capable of being dissolved in some solvent (usually water)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Solute :wnsense "solute1n" ; :wordnet "solute" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Solute is the PhysicalSubstance that is dissolved in the Solvent in a Solution. A Solute may be a solid or a liquid at the ambient temperature in the Situation being represented. A Solution of a Solute that is a solid at the ambient temperature will be liquid only because the Solvent is liquid at that temperature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solute' in WordNet: 1. (74) solute - (the dissolved substance in a solution; the component of a solution that changes its state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Solution ] . :SoluteSolventUnit a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SoluteSolventUnit' is a specialized UnitOfMeasure to express the way that ratios of substances in solution may be calculated. The ratio instances may be mass solute/mass solvent ('MassPerMass') mass solute per volume solvent ('MassPerVolumeSolvent'), mass solute per volume solution ('MassPerVolumeSolution'); or moles solute per mole solvent ('MolesPerMoleSolvent'). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :SoluteType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SoluteType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Solute' and other entities.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolutionType ] . :Solution :guid "bd59059c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "solution1n" ; :wordnet "solution" ; a :FluidType, :MixtureType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A liquid mixture (solid 'solutions' are not reified here at this point (rev1679) but the subtype ''LiquidSolution'' has an identiacal meaning, and this type may be repurposed to include 'solid solutions', which are contempated but not explicit in WN and CYC). The most abundant component in a solution is called the solvent. Other components are called solutes. A solution, though homogeneous, may nonetheless have variable composition, as a liquid solution may be layered if not well-mixed. Any amount of salt, up to a maximum solubility limit, can be dissolved in a given amount of water to form a Solution. NOTE that the dissolved material must be mentioned, as the value for the relation 'hasSolute'. NOTE: CYC distinguishes a 'Solution' (fluid) from a 'LiquidSolution' (liquid) - perhaps need to represent frozen solutions?? or solid solutions?? NOTE: ToDo: the restrictions do not capture the proper semantics, and need to be converted to FOL axioms when possible. The 'mainComponentSubstance' should be a liquid that has the Role of Solvent in this solution. Cyc comment (modified): An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$Mixture. Each instance of #$Solution is a mixture of two or more chemically distinct substances, the Solvent (a liquid) and the Solute. Instances of #$Solution are homogeneous, meaning that the composition at any one point in a given instance is the same as that at any other point (for 'points' having a volume larger than the grain size). In contrast, instances of #$Suspension are mixtures in which small discontinuous solid particles are surrounded by a continuous fluid. The #$solvent of every #$Solution has the #$stateOfMatter #$Liquid-StateOfMatter. Thus #$Solutions also normally exhibit the properties of a liquid, since #$solvents are #$mainConstituents. Examples of #$Solutions include a sample of seawater, a cup of coffee, a tincture of iodine, some vanilla extract. In some rare cases a Solute may have a higher weight percentage of the Solution than the Solvent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solution' in WordNet: 1. (131) solution - (a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution; 'he used a solution of peroxide and water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousThing, :LiquidMixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSolute ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalSubstance ; owl:onProperty :partsHaveTypeInCommon ] . :SolutionToaProblem :wnsense "solution2n", "solution3n", "solution4n" ; :wordnet "solution" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Solution'' is a ''Conclusion'' that is created by a ''SolvingaProblem'' Action. The '''Solution'' is a ''Proposition'' that describes the answer to the problem, and may be omplex, describing a series of Actions or complex structure that answers the question posed by the ''ProblemToBeSolved''. Solutions have several subtypes. All 3 in WN are includedher,a nnd may be differentated when necessary. Includes noun senses 2, 3, and 4 of 'solution' in WordNet: 2. (8) solution, answer, result, resolution, solvent - (a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem; 'they were trying to find a peaceful solution'; 'the answers were in the back of the book'; 'he computed the result to four decimal places') 3. (8) solution - (a method for solving a problem; 'the easy solution is to look it up in the handbook') 4. (6) solution, root - (the set of values that give a true statement when substituted into an equation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conclusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolvingaProblem ] . :SolutionType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SolutionType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Solution' and other entities..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MixtureType, :SubstanceType . :Solvate :wnsense "solvate1n" ; :wordnet "solvate" ; a :RoleType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Solvate' is a 'Substance' formed by a loose association of a solvent with some Substance that is disolved in the Solvent. Rather technical, here only to fill in level 4 of Wordnet (2.1.4.51). ' a chemical compound formed by the interaction of a solvent and a solute. ' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solvate' in WordNet: 1. solvate - (a compound formed by solvation (the combination of solvent molecules with molecules or ions of the solute)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Solvation ] . :Solvation :wnsense "solvate1v", "solvate2v", "solvation1n" ; :wordnet "solvate", "solvation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ChemicalInteraction in which a process of dissolving results in a complex (a 'Solvate') between the solvent and the dissolved substance, which is something other than a chemical reaction causing a stable rearrangement of the chemical bonds. Includes the transitive and intransitive meanings of verb 'solvate' and noun sense 1 of 'solvation' in WordNet: 1. solvate - (cause a solvation in (a substance)) 2. solvate - (undergo solvation or convert into a solvate) WN noun 'solvation': 1. solvation - (a chemical process in which solvent molecules and molecules or ions of the solute combine to form a compound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalInteraction, :DissolvingaSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Solvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Solute ] . :Solved :isAnAttributeValueOf :Issue, :ProblemSituation, :ProblemToBeSolved ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SolvingaProblem ; :wnsense "resolved2n", "solved2adj" ; :wordnet "resolved", "solved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: the WN synset 'solved, resolved' appears to be for problems that have been solved, but that can be mathematical problems or routine matters of how to do an action. The term 'resolved' is used for resolving issues of more than minimal importance. Corresponds to part (for ''SolvingaProblem'') of adjective sense 1 of 'solved' in Wordnet: 1. solved, resolved - (explained or answered; 'mysteries solved and unsolved; problems resolved and unresolved') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Solvent :wnsense "solvent1n" ; :wordnet "solvent" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, :RoleType, :SolventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Solvent is a LiquidSubstance that serves to dissolve the Solute in a Solution. A Solution of a Solute that is a solid at the ambient temperature will be liquid only because the Solvent is liquid at that temperature. NOTE that referring to a substance as a 'Solvent' necessarily refers to a situation where that substance is liquid at the ambient temperature and pressure of the situation being described, even though the same substance may be solid or gas at normal temperatures and pressures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'solvent' in WordNet: 1. (48) solvent, dissolvent, dissolver, dissolving agent, resolvent - (a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances; 'the solvent does not change its state in forming a solution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :Medium, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DissolvingaSubstance ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DissolvingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :SolventType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SolventType' is used to express some relations between some subtypes of 'Solvent' and other entities..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolutionType ] . :SolvingAnAlgebraEquation a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each '\"SolvingAnAlgebraEquation' is an instance of an agent ''SolvingaProblem'' , where the Problem is an ''AlgebraEquation'' (an equation containing variables). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingMath, :SolvingaProblem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :AlgebraEquation ] . :SolvingaProblem :en "problem-solving", "solving", "solving a problem" ; :eng "solving" ; :enn "problem-solving" ; :wnsense "figure out1v", "lick3v", "problem solving2n", "puzzle out1v", "resolution4n", "solution5n", "solve1v", "solve2v", "work out7v" ; :wordnet "figure out", "lick", "problem solving", "puzzle out", "resolution", "solution", "solve", "work out" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SolvingaProblem'' is a broad subtype of 'Reasoning' that involves several sequential steps: 1) analyzing the problem (''AnalyzingSomething''), leading to: 2) ''Understanding'' the problem,leading to: 3) ''Reasoning'' about the problem, and if successful 4) ''Inferring'' the 5) ''Solution'' - a subtype of ''Conclusion'' *and* may also include performing some physical actions based on that reasoning. **NOTe** that this type of Action can include physical actions, not merely mental operations. Thus the subtype ''CarryingOutaTask'' will often be mostly physical actions,but could also consist mostly of mental actions, as when the task (caused by a ProblemSituation) is. e.g., to perform some financial caculations. Example: a ''ProblemToBeSolved'' is **how to represent the concept of 'solving a problem'?** and the ''Solution'' is **this type**. NOTE that the ''Inferring'' component is not necessarily a ''Proving'' because there may be no ''Solution'' and there may be steps that are intuitive, not only logical, involved. NOTE that the isAnExecutionOf ProblemSolvingProcedure and causedCreationOf ProblemSolvingProcedure both refer to the *same* ''ProblemSolvingProcedure'' but this identity will require FOL or chained relations to express properly DEBUG note: making ''ProblemSolvingProcedure'' a component element of this Group causes a contradtion, in that an ActionGroup can only have Actions, not MentalObjects as elements.and ''SolvingaProblem'' is an ActionGroup. inferred by ''isanExecutionOf relation. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'solve' in WordNet: 1. (31) solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick, work - (find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of; 'did you solve the problem?'; 'Work out your problems with the boss'; 'this unpleasant situation isn't going to work itself out'; 'did you get it?'; 'Did you get my meaning?'; 'He could not work the math problem') 2. (5) resolve, solve - (find the solution; 'solve an equation'; 'solve for x') WN noun 'solution': 5. solution - (the successful action of solving a problem; 'the solution took three hours') WN noun 'resolution': 4. (2) resolution, solving - (finding a solution to a problem) WN noun 'problem solving': 2. problem solving - (the thought processes involved in solving a problem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Reasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProblemSolvingProcedure ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolutionToaProblem ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnderstandingaProblem ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InferringaProblemSolution ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnowingHowToSolveaProblem ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SolvingaPuzzle :en "solve a puzzle" ; :eng "solving a puzzle" ; :env "solve a puzzle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''SolvingaPuzzle'' represents the Action of a Person 'doing a puzzle', which can be a ''Puzzle-TangibleProduct'' or a verbal puzzle, presented in language. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolvingaProblem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Puzzle-TangibleProduct ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Entertaining ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Somalia :hasISO3166_Digraph "SO" ; :wnsense "Somalia1n" ; :wordnet "Somalia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Somalia' in WordNet: """ . :Somber :en "somber" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Lighthearted ; :ldoce "serious", "sober", "solemn" ; :wnsense "grave1adj", "sedate2adj", "serious5adj", "sober4adj", "solemn1adj", "unplayful1adj" ; :wordnet "grave", "sedate", "serious", "sober", "solemn", "unplayful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Somber' is a deeper level of ''Serious'', being an attribute of people or events characterizing the manner in which people behave, specifically behaving as though the thing they are doing is important, and paying attention and not behaving frivolously or treating the action lightly; not lighthearted. @ToDo: this should be divided into an attribute of people and one of events. A Somber event is one where the people behave in a Somber manner. Corresponds to sense 4 of 'somber' in RHW, but closer to 'very serious' rather than 'extremely serious'; WordNet does not include this sense of 'somber': 4. extremely serious; grave: a somber expression on his face. Includes sense 5 and part of adjective sense 1 of 'serious' and sense 4 of 'sober' and and includes sense 1 of 'serious-minded' in WordNet; sense 1 of 'solemn' is represented by the subtype ''Solemn''. in WordNet: WN 'sober': 4. unplayful, serious, sober - (completely lacking in playfulness) WN 'solemn' 1. (2) grave, sedate, sober, solemn - (dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises; 'a grave God-fearing man'; 'a quiet sedate nature'; 'as sober as a judge'; 'a solemn promise'; 'the judge was solemn as he pronounced sentence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Serious . :Somberness :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Somber ; :wnsense "earnestness2n", "graveness1n", "gravity2n", "serious-mindedness1n", "seriousness3n", "sincerity4n", "sobriety3n", "somberness3n", "sombreness1n" ; :wordnet "earnestness", "graveness", "gravity", "serious-mindedness", "seriousness", "sincerity", "sobriety", "somberness", "sombreness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Somberness'' is the nominalized form of 'Somber' - the quality of being serious as opposed to frivolous; Includes noun sense 1 of 'somberness' and sense 3 of 'serioousness' in WordNet: 3. graveness, gravity, sobriety, soberness, somberness, sombreness - (a manner that is serious and solemn) WN noun 'seriousness': 3. seriousness, earnestness, serious-mindedness, sincerity - (the trait of being serious; \"a lack of solemnity is not necessarily a lack of seriousness \" - Robert Rice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Somber ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Sombrero :guid "be01e340-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sombrero2n" ; :wordnet "sombrero" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sombrero' in WordNet: 2. sombrero - (a straw hat with a tall crown and broad brim; worn in American southwest and in Mexico) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StrawFabric ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WideBrim ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighCrown ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :SomeCertain :chinp "mou3" ; :ldoce "certain", "some" ; :wnsense "certain1adj", "some1adj", "some3adj", "some4adj" ; :wordnet "certain", "some" ; a :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Closely similar to the instance of determiner 'some', but represented as an AttributeValue rather than as a Word. This AttributeValue modifying some entity implies that there is at least one of the type of entity modified; this is therefore an assertion of the existence of something. It is very similar to the verbal quantifier 'some', and that instance and this type may be unified when the treatment of verbal quantifiers is elaborated in the FOL version: @ToDo. Includes Random House Webster Senses of adjective 'some': 1. being an undetermined or unspecified one: Some person may object. 2. (used with plural nouns) certain: Some days I stay home. 3. of a certain unspecified number, amount, degree, etc.: to some extent. 4. unspecified but considerable in number, amount, degree, etc.: We talked for some time. He was here some weeks. Includes most of the adjective sense 1 of 'certain' and adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'some' in Wordnet: 1. (136) certain - (definite but not specified or identified; 'set aside a certain sum each week'; 'to a certain degree'; 'certain breeds do not make good pets'; 'certain members have not paid their dues'; 'a certain popular teacher'; 'a certain Mrs. Jones') WN adjective 'some': 1. (130) some - (quantifier; used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity; 'have some milk'; 'some roses were still blooming'; 'having some friends over'; 'some apples'; 'some paper') 2. (7) some - (relatively many but unspecified in number; 'they were here for some weeks'; 'we did not meet again for some years') 4. some - (relatively much but unspecified in amount or extent; 'we talked for some time'; 'he was still some distance away') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistenceValue . :SomeFutureSituation :hasTemporalLocation :AfterDTEG10171122 ; :occurredLaterThan :TimePointOfReference ; a :FutureSituation ; rdfs:comment """Added just to satisfy the existential restriction on 'Law' for generic instance 'SomeLaw'. """ . :SomeGeopoliticalEntity a :GeopoliticalEntity . :SomeJurisdiction :isLocatedAt :SomeGeopoliticalEntity ; a :Jurisdiction . :SomeLaw :appliesInJurisdiction :SomeJurisdiction ; :hasAbstractRepresentation :SomeLawText ; :hasComponentElement :the ; :hasDesiredSituation :PublicSafety ; :hasMainTopic :SomeFutureSituation ; :hasTopic :Crime ; :isaComponentElementOf :SomeLegalSystem ; :wasAssignedByAuthority :GenericGovernment ; a :Law . :SomeLawText :hasComponentElement :the ; :isanAbstractRepresentationOf :SomeLaw ; a :LawText . :SomeLegalSystem :appliesInJurisdiction :SomeJurisdiction ; :hasComponentElement :SomeLaw ; a :LegalSystem . :Somebody001 :hasMassInGrams "90000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; a :UnidentifiedPerson . :Someday :wnsense "someday1n" ; :wordnet "someday" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Someday'' is a relative TimeInterval that is a Day in the future, at an unspecified length of time after ''Today''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'someday' in WordNet: 1. (10) someday - (some unspecified time in the future; 'someday you will understand my actions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day, :FutureTimeInterval, :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Today ; owl:onProperty :alwaysFollows ] . :Someone :ldoce "someone" ; :wnsense "somebody1n", "someone1n" ; :wordnet "somebody", "someone" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Someone' is a Person that is unknown or unspecified or not yet determined. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'someone' in WordNet: 1. (17) person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal, soul - (a human being; 'there was too much for one person to do') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :UnknownAgent . :Someplace :wnsense "someplace1adv", "somewhere1adv" ; :wordnet "someplace", "somewhere" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'someplace' in Wordnet: 1. (1) somewhere, someplace - (in or at or to some place; 'she must be somewhere'; ('someplace' is used informally for 'somewhere')) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Somersault :en "vault" ; :enn "vault" ; :wnsense "flip1n", "somersault1n", "somersault1v", "somersaulting1n", "somerset1n", "summersault1n", "summerset1n", "vault2v" ; :wordnet "flip", "somersault", "somersaulting", "somerset", "summersault", "summerset", "vault" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tumbling'' performed on the ground in which the . body leaps *and* turns the feet over the head in a forward or backward direction, before returning to the ground. Labeled with varying spellings - see WN gloss. NOTE: WN does not include 'vault' as a noun in the sense of a gymnastic 'vaulting' movement. In RHW: 'vault': 7. the act of vaulting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of of 'somersault' in WordNet: WN noun 'somersault': 1. (4) somersault, somerset, summersault, summerset, somersaulting, flip - (an acrobatic feat in which the feet roll over the head (either forward or backward) and return) WN verb 'somersault': 1. somersault - (do a somersault) WN verb 'vault': 2. vault - (bound vigorously) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tumbling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UpsideDownInversion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Something :ldoce "something" ; :wnsense "entity1n", "something1n" ; :wordnet "entity", "something" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Something' is a placeholder for some unspecified entity of any kind; this type has no inherent semantics and is placed under 'Individual' solely to avoid cluttering the top level. This has approximately the same semantically empty meaning as the top owl:Class ''Thing'' in each Protege ontology. COSMO 'Something' is more general than WordNet 'something' which is intended to have physical existence. COSMO 'something' can be anything, including abstract or imaginary things. When 'something' is used linguistically, there is often some context that will narrow the type of thing referred to: 'are you looking for something' in a shop refers to things that are in the shop. This could be used by creating subtypes that are ore specific such as 'something for pain' (a pain medication), but that would be duplicative and may be useful only to create types that are more closely aligned with linguistic expressions. If there are a sufficient frequency of phrases like that in any particular text corpus, creating a type that embodies that meaning might help in language understanding, *if* the same could not be accomplished simply by adding that phrase as a label for an existing type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'entity' and noun sense 1 of 'something' in WordNet: 1. (11) entity - - (that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving) WN 'something': 1. something - (a thing of some kind; 'is there something you want?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnspecifiedThing . :SomethingExisting :isaSynonymOf :Object ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc this is a subclass of 'TemporalThing'. The Cyc representation requires that all physical objects be instances of 'TemporalThing', which means that htye have a beginning and end. gthis comes close to the perdurantist 4-dimensional representation of objects as having an extension in time. To avoid this potential confusion, we simply eliminate SomethingExisting and make it a synonym of 'Object'. Most subtypes will be moved to 'PhysicalObject' OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$TemporalThing whose instances are more or less static, as compared (e.g.) to the more dynamic instances of #$Event. The clearest examples of #$SomethingExistings are tangible things, such as people, lakes, stars, and the Earth's ionosphere. But #$SomethingExisting also includes certain intangible temporal things, such as #$Agreements and #$Obligations, that remain relatively stable throughout their lifetimes. On the other hand, #$SomethingExisting excludes purely temporal intangibles such as #$TimeIntervals."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :SomethingGiven :en "given thing", "something given" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SomethingGiven'' is Any Object (often a ''MoneyObject'') that is 'Given'' from one Agent to another. Tjhis is not necessarily a 'Gift', it might be part of a quid pro quo. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GivingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Given ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SomethingOwed :ldoce "debt" ; :wnsense "debt2n" ; :wordnet "debt" ; a :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SomethingOwed' is anything that is owed by one agent to another, the owing agent being in an 'Owing' state. This type has something of the character of a Role. For more specific types of things that can be 'SomethingOwed' see 'hadThingOwed'. This is added largely to represent the sense 2 of 'debt' in Wordnet: 2. (3) debt - (money or goods or services owed by one person to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :ValuableThing . :SomethingToWear :en "something to wear", "something to wearable" ; :guid "bd5904a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ''SomethingToWear'' is a ''WearableItem'' that is worn by a human. The parent type ''WearableItem'' is used to allow a simple relation between things that humman wear and things that non-human animals wear. CYC: #$SomethingToWear is a specialization of #$DurableGoods, #$Device-SingleUser, #$PersonalProduct, and #$PortableObject. Each instance of #$SomethingToWear is an object that a mannequin or an animal (usually a person) wears on its body, i.e., in a #$WearingSomething event. It is worth remarking that, in such an event, the wearer doesn't have to exert any intentional effort to continue wearing the object. For example, shirts remain on people's torsos, hats stay on heads, rings on fingers; once in place, dog collars stay on dogs, saddles stay on horses. By contrast, a hula hoop is NOT an example of #$SomethingToWear. A borderline case is a #$Purse, which at first blush seems to be something to wear, yet requires carrying by the performer, hence is not a member of this collection. Similarly, a briefcase is not an instance of #$SomethingToWear. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalProduct, :WearableItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :SomethingToWearPart :guid "bd590403-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO this type is not restricted to clothlike objects, and may include parts like buttons that are not sheetlike. Cyc: A collection of tangible objects. Each element of #$SomethingToWearPart is a sheetlike object that is part of a garment. Typically they are made of some type of cloth, leather, or another thin, flexible material. Examples of #$SomethingToWearPart include any elements of the collections #$PocketOfGarment, #$SleeveOfGarment, and #$HatBand. #$SomethingToWearPart does NOT include belt buckles and buttons.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPartOfObject, :PortableObject, :Surface-Open, :Surface-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SomethingToWear ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Somewhat :en "kinda", "to a slight extent", "to a small degree", "to a small extent" ; :isLessIntenseThan :Moderately ; :wnsense "a bit1adv", "a little1adv", "a trifle1adv", "slightly1adv", "somewhat1adv" ; :wordnet "a bit", "a little", "a trifle", "slightly", "somewhat" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Somewhat' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues, of the same qualitative type as the base value, but at a level of definiteness or emphasis near to the minimum that would justify applicability of the attribute. The effect of this modifier is to assert that the attribute it modifies does apply to the thing that the attribute modifies, but at a level of intensity that is less than that implied by using the 'rather' modifier, and definitely less than would be implied by the 'very' modifier. If a person is *somewhat* overweight, then the speaker thinks that s/he is overweight, but not 'very' overweight, nor 'obese'. When the attributes are context sensitive this modifier is also context sensitive, so it is an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType'. This sense is used as a modifier of AttributeValues, which show up linguistically as adjectives or sometimes as adverbs. This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by a adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb. The levels of intensity from low to high are: \"Somewhat\" \"Moderately\" \"Significantly\" \"Rather\" \"Very\" Extremely Corresponds to sense 1 of 'somewhat' in RHW: 1. in some measure or degree; to some extent: not angry, just somewhat disturbed. This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by sense 1 of 'a little' in WordNet: 1. (51) slightly, somewhat - (to a small degree or extent; 'his arguments were somewhat self-contradictory'; 'the children argued because one slice of cake was slightly larger than the other') WN 'a little' 1. (80) a bit, a little, a trifle - (to a small degree; somewhat; 'it's a bit warm'; 'felt a little better'; 'a trifle smaller') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Somewhere :ldoce "somewhere" ; :wnsense "somewhere1n" ; :wordnet "somewhere" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Somewhere' is a Place that is unknown or unspecified or not yet determined. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'somewhere' in WordNet: 1. somewhere - - (an indefinite or unknown location; 'they moved to somewhere in Spain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unknown ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Son :ldoce "boy", "son" ; :wnsense "boy3n", "son1n" ; :wordnet "boy", "son" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of a Person who is the son of another person. This includes all kinds of 'child' - biological, genetic, foster,adopted, etc. NOTE that this is for a male ''ChildRole'' at any age. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'son' and sense 3 of 'boy' in WordNet: 1. (48) son, boy - (a male human offspring; 'their son became a famous judge'; 'his boy is taller than he is') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson, :SonOrDaughter ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:MalePerson :Son ) ] . :SonInLaw :wnsense "son-in-law1n" ; :wordnet "son-in-law" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''BrotherInLaw'' is a ''Man'' who married a ''Daughter'' of the reference Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'son-in-law' in WordNet: 1. son-in-law - (the husband of your daughter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InLaw, :Man, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSpouse ; owl:someValuesFrom :Daughter ] . :SonOrDaughter :wnsense "child2n", "kid4n" ; :wordnet "child", "kid" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SonOrDaughter'' is the union of ''Son'' and ''Daughter''. Anyone who is the legal son or daughter of some person, male or female. NOTE that this is for a male or female ''ChildRole'' at any age. Includes but is broader than (not only biological) noun sense 4 of 'kid' in WordNet: 4. child, kid - (a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age; 'they had three children'; 'they were able to send their kids to college') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildRole, :Person ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Son :Daughter ) ] . :SonarDevice :wnsense "asdic1n", "echo sounder1n", "sonar1n" ; :wordnet "asdic", "echo sounder", "sonar" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SonarDevice'' is a ''MeasuringDevice'' used for detecting and ranging objects underwater by emitting short bursts of sound (a ''SonarPing'') and measuring the time and intensity of the reflected echo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sonar' in WordNet: 1. (6) sonar, echo sounder, asdic - (a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; 'sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging'; 'asdic is an acronym for antisubmarine detection investigation committee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gauge, :MeasuringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SonarPing ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :SonarPing :wnsense "ping2n" ; :wordnet "ping" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Ping'' emitted by a Sonar transmitter. measuring instrument, measuring sys Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'ping' in WordNet: 2. ping - (a sharp high-pitched resonant sound (as of a sonar echo or a bullet striking metal)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SonarDevice ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :Song :guid "c0fded78-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "song" ; :wnsense "song1n", "vocal2n" ; :wordnet "song", "vocal" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Song'' is the abstract conceptual work that consists of both ''Lyrics'' and musical notes that are synchronized with the ''Lyrics'', such that the ''Lyrics'' are sung in the pitch of the specified alligned musical notes. This is a specification for a performance; for the actual musical sounds of a song, ('I heard a song on the radio') use 'Song-Sung'. NOTE: this is a 'song' that has ''Lyrics'', the group of meaningful words that are sung to the specified tune (musical notes), distinguished from a 'song' that has only nonsense syllables, included in the parent type ''Song-MusicGenre''.. In Cyc called 'Song-CW' Cyc: A musical piece, usually with lyrics sung by a human voice. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'song' in WordNet: 1. (46) song, vocal - (a short musical composition with words; 'a successful musical must have at least three good songs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Song-MusicGenre, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lyrics ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalScore ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Song-MusicGenre :en "song genre" ; :enn "song genre" ; :guid "face2a2a-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :GenreType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$MusicalComposition that are song-like in nature. They usually have lyrics and are relatively short in duration. An example of an instance of this collection is Let it be by #$TheBeatles-MusicGroup. Negative examples might be the 2nd movement of some classical symphony. COSMO note: for songs that have lyrics, use the more specific subtype 'Song'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Genre, :MusicalComposition . :Song-Sung :guid "bd74b962-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "song" ; :wnsense "song3n", "strain12n" ; :wordnet "song", "strain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events of a song [#$Song-CW] being sung by a (normally) human voice or a playing of a recording of such an #$Event. The voice may be accompanied by #$MusicalInstruments. NOTE: this is for the act of singing a complete (or mostly complete, not necessarily all verses) song. For acts of singing that are not a complete song, use the more generic 'Singing-Human' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'song' in WordNet: 3. (3) song, strain - - (the act of singing; 'with a shout and a song they marched up to the gates') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBTGeneration, :Singing-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Song ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :Songbird :wnsense "songbird1n" ; :wordnet "songbird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Songbird'' is a generic term (not technical) for any ''Bird'' that can sing (see ''BirdSong''), not just chirp. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'songbird' in WordNet: 1. songbird, songster - (any bird having a musical call) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdSong ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Songwriter :guid "ef040e7c-4780-11d6-8000-0050dac4bdee" ; :wnsense "ballad maker1n", "songster1n", "songwriter1n" ; :wordnet "ballad maker", "songster", "songwriter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$Person who write songs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'songwriter' in WordNet: 1. (2) songwriter, songster, ballad maker - (a composer of words or music for popular songs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Author, :Musician, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCreatorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Song ] . :Sonogram :wnsense "echogram1n", "sonogram1n" ; :wordnet "echogram", "sonogram" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sonogram'' is an 'AbstractPhotograph' of some Object in the inerior of another Object produced by ''Sonography''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sonogram' in WordNet: 1. (1) sonogram, echogram - (an image of a structure that is produced by ultrasonography (reflections of high-frequency sound waves); used to observe fetal growth or to study bodily organs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractPhotograph, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sonography ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Sonography :wnsense "echography1n", "sonography1n", "ultrasonography1n", "ultrasound2n" ; :wordnet "echography", "sonography", "ultrasonography", "ultrasound" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sonography'' is the producing of an image of the interior of some Object, usually the human body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sonography' in WordNet: 1. sonography, ultrasonography, echography, ultrasound - (using the reflections of high-frequency sound waves to construct an image of a body organ (a sonogram); commonly used to observe fetal growth or study bodily organs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imaging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sonogram ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UltraSound ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :Soon :en "any time now", "in the near future" ; :wnsense "before long1adv", "in a moment1adv", "momentarily2adv", "momently1adv", "presently1adv", "shortly2adv", "soon1adv" ; :wordnet "before long", "in a moment", "momentarily", "momently", "presently", "shortly", "soon" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Soon' is the ''AdverbialModifier'' that refers to time intervals that are in the ''NearFuture'' - 'near' being vague, but at least within the lifetime of the hearer, and usually within a year. Syntactically 'soon' is an adverb, but when used is response to questions of When?, it actually specifies time intervals, so is represented as a TimeIntervalType in COSMO. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'soon' in WordNet: 1. (60) soon, shortly, presently, before long - - (in the near future; 'the doctor will soon be here'; 'the book will appear shortly'; 'she will arrive presently'; 'we should have news before long') WN adverb 'momentarily': 2. (1) momentarily, in a moment, momently - (at any moment; \"she will be with you momently\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTemporalLocation ; owl:someValuesFrom :NearFuture ] . :Soot :wnsense "carbon black1n", "lampblack1n", "soot1n" ; :wordnet "carbon black", "lampblack", "soot" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A form of ''Carbon'' consisting of small grains produced as a result of incomplete combustion. Mot commonly observed as a residue inside chimneys or on the glass of an oil lamp. May have significant non-''Carbon'' impurities. Produced commercially by incomplete combustion of natural gas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soot' in WordNet: 1. carbon black, lampblack, soot, smut, crock - (a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carbon, :GranularSubstance, :Powder, :Residue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Combustion ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Soothing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Calmness-Feeling, :SoothingAction ; :wnsense "soothing1adj" ; :wordnet "soothing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Soothing'' causes a ''SoothingAction''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soothing' in Wordnet: 1. soothing - (affording physical relief; 'a soothing ointment for her sunburn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SoothingAction :wnsense "soothe2v" ; :wordnet "soothe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SoothingAction'' is a type of ''Relieving'' that causes the feeling of ''Calm'' - (to a relative degree). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soothe' in WordNet: 2. (1) soothe - (cause to feel better; 'the medicine soothes the pain of the inflammation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relieving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calm ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soothing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Soothsayer :wnsense "forecaster1n", "predictor1n", "prognosticator1n", "soothsayer1n" ; :wordnet "forecaster", "predictor", "prognosticator", "soothsayer" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Soothsayer'' is a ''Seer'' who claims to be and is accepted (by some people) as able to predict future Events. This covers all such people, whether the predictive method is scientific or mystical. NOTE: 'soothsayer' may suggest some mystic ability, but that is not necessarily implied in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soothsayer' in WordNet: 1. (1) forecaster, predictor, prognosticator, soothsayer - (someone who makes predictions of the future (usually on the basis of special knowledge)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seer, :Teacher . :Sophisticated :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :GoodJudgment, :Wiseness ; :wnsense "sophisticated1adj" ; :wordnet "sophisticated" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sophisticated'' is the attribute of someone who is not only 'Knowledgeable' about social matters, but able to make wise decisions on socia behavior. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sophisticated' in WordNet: 1. (9) sophisticated - (having or appealing to those having worldly knowledge and refinement and savoir-faire; 'sophisticated young socialites'; 'a sophisticated audience'; 'a sophisticated lifestyle'; 'a sophisticated book') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledgeable . :Sophomore :isAnAttributeValueOf :SophomoreStudent ; :pertainsTo :SophomoreStudent ; :wnsense "second-year1adj", "sophomore1adj" ; :wordnet "second-year", "sophomore" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sophomore' in Wordnet: 1. sophomore, second-year - (used of the second year in United States high school or college; 'the sophomore class'; 'his sophomore year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SophomoreStudent :wnsense "soph1n", "sophomore1n" ; :wordnet "soph", "sophomore" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SophomoreStudent'' is a ''FourYearStudent'' who is a second-year Student at a ''FourYearSchool'' where students typically study for four years such as 'High School or 'College' (as distinct from 'Junior College' that has a curriculum lasting two years) Such students are divided chronologically into the year that they are currently pursuing as 'freshman', 'sophomore' 'junior' and 'senior'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sophomore' in WordNet: 1. (4) sophomore, soph - (a second-year undergraduate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FourYearStudent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sophomore ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Soporific :en "hypnogogic" ; :eventWithCauses :Drowsiness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Drowsiness ; :wnsense "narcotic3adj", "somniferous1adj", "somnific1adj", "soporiferous1adj", "soporiferous2adj", "soporific1adj", "soporific2adj" ; :wordnet "narcotic", "somniferous", "somnific", "soporiferous", "soporific" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Soporific'' is an attribute of something (usually a boring Event) that causes a person to fall asleep, or to get drowsy.. Soporific and Boring can both apply to an experience, but are not necessarily related by subtype. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'soporific' in Wordnet: 1. soporific, soporiferous, somniferous, somnific, hypnogogic, hypnagogic - (sleep inducing) 2. narcotic, soporiferous, soporific - (inducing mental lethargy; 'a narcotic speech') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sore :ldoce "sore", "tender" ; :wnsense "sore1adj", "tender2adj" ; :wordnet "sore", "tender" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sore' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that indicates that the object referenced aches or is painful or hurts when touched. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sore' and sense 2 of 'tender' in WordNet: 1. (8) sensitive, sore, raw, tender - - (hurting; 'the tender spot on his jaw') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SoreThroat :guid "c0fd48b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pharyngitis1n", "raw throat1n", "sore throat1n" ; :wordnet "pharyngitis", "raw throat", "sore throat" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''InflammatoryDisease'' of the Throat. CYC: A specialization of #$AilmentCondition. Each instance of this collection is a soreness of the #$Pharynx, making #$Swallowing painful (as opposed to cases of soreness of the external #$Throat, caused by blows or cuts to the neck, or ills of the #$Esophagus such as acid reflux). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sore throat' in WordNet: 1. sore throat, pharyngitis, raw throat - (inflammation of the fauces and pharynx) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :InflammatoryDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Throat ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Sorority :wnsense "sorority1n" ; :wordnet "sorority" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sorority' in WordNet: 1. (2) sorority - (a social club for female undergraduates) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FemaleUndergraduate ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :Sorrow :ldoce "sorrow" ; :wnsense "sorrow1n", "sorrow2n", "sorrow3n" ; :wordnet "sorrow" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sorrow' is a degree of Sadness more intense than the milder forms of sadness, including Grief, but including degree of sadness less intense than 'Grief' RHW 'grief': 1. keen mental suffering or distress over affliction or loss; sharp sorrow; painful regret. Cyc does not have 'Grief' subsumed by 'Sadness', but has Grief as a subtype of 'Depression'. Cyc: Intense emotional suffering or poignant distress caused by or as if by bereavement. Includes noun senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'sorrow' in WordNet: 1. (3) sorrow - - (an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement; 'he tried to express his sorrow at her loss') 2. (1) sorrow, regret, rue, ruefulness - - (sadness associated with some wrong done or some disappointment; 'he drank to drown his sorrows'; 'he wrote a note expressing his regret'; 'to his rue, the error cost him the game') 4. sadness, sorrow, sorrowfulness - - (the state of being sad; 'she tired of his perpetual sadness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sadness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sadness ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :Sorry :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Sorrow ; :ldoce "sorry" ; :wnsense "bad5adj", "regretful1adj", "sorry1adj", "sorry2adj" ; :wordnet "bad", "regretful", "sorry" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the attribute of someone experiencing Sorrow. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'sorry' in WordNet: 1. (3) pitying, sorry - - (feeling or expressing sorrow or pity; 'a pitying observer threw his coat around her shoulder') 2. (1) regretful, sorry, bad - - (feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone; 'felt regretful over his vanished youth'; 'regretful over mistakes she had made'; 'he felt bad about breaking the vase') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sad . :Sort :ldoce "class", "family", "form", "kind", "sort", "type", "variety" ; :wnsense "category1n", "class4n", "family4n", "form2n", "kind1n", "sort1n", "type1n", "variety1n", "variety5n" ; :wordnet "category", "class", "family", "form", "kind", "sort", "type", "variety" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Sort' is a ''Description'' (an Abstract MentalObject) that includes descriptive elements that specify some combination of properties (attributes), relations (including subtype relation) which characterize the elements of a ''SortedGroup'', (which can be empty) plus some indication of the purpose for which such a description was created or is useful. . This can also be looked at a generic category that includes one or more individuals as instances (examples, exemplars), each of which has some Attribute in common with the others. This represents the informal meaning of 'Sort', also called 'type', 'kind' and 'category', and other words. The more formal meaning as an intensional grouping within a formal classification system is represented in COSMO by the subtype 'Type'. The actual ''SortedGroup''s that are described by a ''Sort'' description may be abstract or physical. The assignment of enities to such ''SortedGroup''s can be performed by a ''Classifying'' action, that takes pre-existing ''SortedGroup''s and specifies which elements of a Group of interest belong to each ''SortedGroup'', i.e. to which ''Sort'' do they belong.. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kind(2)' in RHW: 1. a class or group of individual objects, people, animals, etc., of the same nature or character, or classified together because they have traits in common; category: Our dog is the same kind as theirs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'type' and sense 1 of 'sort' and sense 1 of 'kind' and sense 2 of 'form' and sense 5 of 'variety' and sense 1 of 'category' and sense 4 of 'class' in WordNet; this includes the sense 4 of 'family' but that sense is also represented by the subtype 'FamilyOfTypes', for sorts that are of a higher level in a classification scheme, with other Sorts at a lower level. in WordNet: 1. (774) type - (a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; 'what type of sculpture do you prefer?') WN 'sort': 1. kind (135), sort (65), form (76), variety (0) - (a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality; 'sculpture is a form of art'; 'what kinds of desserts are there?') WN 'category' 1. class (178), category (17), family (22) - (a collection of things sharing a common attribute; 'there are two classes of detergents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Description, :SetOrType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SortedGroup ; owl:onProperty :describes ] . :SortOf :en "sorta" ; :enadv "sorta" ; :isLessIntenseThan :Moderately ; :wnsense "kind of1adv", "kinda1adv", "rather2adv", "sort of1adv" ; :wordnet "kind of", "kinda", "rather", "sort of" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sort of' in Wordnet: 1. (3) rather, kind of, kinda, sort of - (to some (great or small) extent; 'it was rather cold'; 'the party was rather nice'; 'the knife is rather dull'; 'I rather regret that I cannot attend'; 'He's rather good at playing the cello'; 'he is kind of shy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Somewhat . :SortedGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SortedGroup'' is a Group of things of some specific type Produced by a ''Classifying'' Action. This is typically one of the Groups in a ''Classification''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Classifying ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Sorting :ldoce "divide" ; :wnsense "class1v", "classify1v", "divide1v", "divide5v", "group1v", "grouping2n", "separate9v", "sort out1v", "sort2v", "sort4n", "sorting1n" ; :wordnet "class", "classify", "divide", "group", "grouping", "separate", "sort", "sort out", "sorting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sorting' is an Action in which some Group of things (Objects, Events, Attributes) is assigned to one (or more) smaller groups that were pre-existing (perhaps created by an ''AnalyzingGroupProperties'' Action) that each have some characteristic(s) in common, so that the different subgroups can be considered as of different types - those Groups are termed ''SortedGroup''s in COSMO. This can be simply a test to see if any members of the Groups have some specific desirable or undesirable property, so the number of resulting groups can be as small as two. See subtype ''ScreeningaGroupOfThings'' A random assignment into different groups, without at the same time creating or using some distinction among the subgroups, would not be an instance of 'Sorting'. Linguistic usage will often use phrases such as 'sorted them by XXX' specifying the criterion for distinguishing the subgroups. This is a subtype of 'DividingSomethingIntoParts' where the thing divided is a Group. 'They divided the applicants by age'. This can be used for conceptual sorting, as in a list, or physical sorting, as of punched cards by a sorting machine. Includes verb sense 2 of 'sort' and sense 1 of 'classify' sense 5 of 'divide' in WordNet; sense 5 of 'divide' is taken to be a separation of groups - not clear. in WordNet: 1. (17) classify, class, sort, assort, sort out, separate - (arrange or order by classes or categories; 'How would you classify these pottery shards - are they prehistoric?') WN 'divide': 5. (1) separate, divide - (make a division or separation) WN noun 'sorting': 1. sort, sorting - (an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion; 'the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting') WN verb 'group': 1. (4) group - (arrange into a group or groups; 'Can you group these shapes together?') WN non 'grouping': 2. (1) grouping - (the activity of putting things together in groups) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingSubgroups, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :SortedGroup ] . :Souffle :guid "ee79a81e-2b5d-41d8-8a62-afdfc3872cbb" ; :wnsense "souffle1n" ; :wordnet "souffle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: 1. a light baked dish made fluffy with beaten egg whites combined with egg yolks, white sauce, and fish, cheese, or other ingredients. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'souffle' in WordNet: 1. souffle - (light fluffy dish of egg yolks and stiffly beaten egg whites mixed with e.g. cheese or fish or fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood, :SolidFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Egg-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggYolkStuff ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EggWhiteStuff ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WhippingFoodStuff ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightDensity ; owl:onProperty :hasDensityMeasure ] . :Soul :guid "133e7d94-a271-41d7-894c-fb51cfef3a8e" ; :ldoce "soul", "spirit" ; :wnsense "psyche2n", "soul1n", "spirit1n" ; :wordnet "psyche", "soul", "spirit" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Soul' is an immaterial component of people and (in some belief systems) some animals that that is the location of decision-making and persists after the body dies; immateriality and persistence after death of the body are the distinguishing characteristics. In some belief systems, the soul may go to heaven or hell after the body dies; in other systems, the soul is reincarnated in another body, of a person or animal. A soul whose body has died that remains on Earth and may on ocasion be sensed by people (especially mediums and psychics) is called a 'ghost'. In Cyc called 'Soul-Spiritual' Cyc: The collection of all souls. In some microtheories every #$SentientBeing incarnates a #$Soul-Spiritual. In some, souls are eternal or immortal. In some microtheories souls may incorporate multiple times in the same or different types of organisms, while in others a soul incorporates but a single time. Souls are #$FictionalThings in #$RationalistMt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soul' and sense 1 of 'spirit' in WordNet: 1. (20) soul, psyche - - (the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life) WN 'spirit': 1. (45) spirit - (the vital principle or animating force within living things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spirit, :VitalPrinciple . :SoulMate :wnsense "soul mate1n" ; :wordnet "soul mate" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'A ''SoulMate''' is a Person with whom one has strong feelings of ''Affinity''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soul mate' in WordNet: 1. soul mate - (someone for whom you have a deep affinity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friend, :PartyInRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LikeMinded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sound :SUMO "RadiatingSound" ; :guid "be99a967-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sound" ; :wnsense "sound3n" ; :wordnet "sound" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$WavePropagation. Each instance of #$Sound is an instance of wave propagation in which longitudinal pressure waves travel through matter. Notable specializations of #$Sound include #$AudibleSound, #$UltraSound, and #$Music. In SUMO, called 'RadiatingSound' The subclass of Radiating in which sound waves are given off or absorbed. Some examples include creaking, roaring, and whistling. @ToDo1269: The restriction 'hasFrequency' should be applied to pure tones. Need sound intensity in decibels WP: Historically, concert pitch has varied. For an instrument in equal temperament tuned to the A440 pitch standard widely adopted in 1939, middle C has a frequency around 261.63 Hz (for other notes see piano key frequencies). Scientific pitch notation was originally proposed in 1713 by French physicist Joseph Sauveur and based on the numerically convenient frequency of 256 Hz for middle C, all C's being powers of two. After the A440 pitch standard was adopted by musicians, the Acoustical Society of America published new frequency tables for scientific use. A movement to restore the older A435 standard has used the banners 'Verdi tuning', 'philosophical pitch' or the easily confused scientific pitch. NOTe the 'ObjectTransfered' should be sound energy -not yet (rev1269) represented. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'sound' in WordNet: 3. (13) sound - (mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium; 'falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WavePropagationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CyclesPerSecondMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericPhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericPhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoundEnergy ; owl:onProperty :containsAbstractSubstance ] . :Sound-BodyOfWater :guid "bd58f437-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a long, broad inlet of the ocean, generally parallel to the coast; a long passage connecting 2 large bodies of water or passing between an island and the mainland""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfSaltWater . :SoundEnergy :en "sound energy" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SoundEnergy'' is the ''Energy'' contained in the vibrational compression waves of ''Sound'' moving through some medium..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energy . :SoundInformationBearingThing :guid "bd58c8be-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that in COSMO a wave is considered as an Event during which the wave is propagated through some medium. The Event that created the wave is a different Event. Cyc: A specialization of both #$AudibleSound and #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. Each instance of #$SoundInformationBearingThing is an sound which is audible by, and thereby capable of providing information to, an #$Agent. (This information need not necessarily be in propositional form.) This collection does not include #$InformationBearingWavePropagations that require the use of some sort of electronic device to be rendered in the form of audible sound; thus #$RadioWave is not a specialization. Genuine specializations include #$Music and #$AnimalUtterance-IBT. Note that, despite the use of the word 'Thing' in the name of this constant, it refers to the sound alone, not to the thing that makes the sound (e.g. if one's CD player is pumping out music, the #$SoundInformationBearingThing is the #$Music, not the player). Thus, no one thing can be an instance of both #$SoundInformationBearingThing and #$VisualInformationBearingThing (e.g.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, :InformationBearingWavePropagation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :SoundInformationRecordingDevice :wnsense "recorder1n", "recording equipment1n", "recording machine1n" ; :wordnet "recorder", "recording equipment", "recording machine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specifically for recording sound, but this can be a parent for both sound and video recording. For any other kind of recording, use parent ''InformationRecordingDevice'' or ''VisualInformationRecordingDevice'', or create a new subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'recording machine' in WordNet: 1. (2) recorder, recording equipment, recording machine - (equipment for making records) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationRecordingDevice . :SoundIntensityMeasure :en "sound intensity measure" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SoundIntensityMeasure'' is a ''WaveIntensityMeasure'' in which the 'wave' is a ''Sound'' wave. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amplitude, :WaveIntensityMeasure . :SoundQuality :isAnAttributeValueOf :Sound ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SoundQuality' is an AttributeValue whose associated values represent any of various qualities of sound: intensity, qualitative attributes ('screeching', 'murmuring sound'). The values may be quantitaive or qualitative. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :SoundRecording :wnsense "audio recording1n", "sound recording1n" ; :wordnet "audio recording", "sound recording" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PhysicalObject that is an instance of a 'Recording' that is a recording of some 'Sound'. Can be vinyl, tape, DVD, or other form. This can be part of or integrated with a video recording, or stand-alone as in a ''MusicRecording''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'audio recording' in WordNet: 1. sound recording, audio recording - (a recording of just the sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recording, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :SoundTrack :wnsense "soundtrack1n" ; :wordnet "soundtrack" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SoundTrack' is any Abstract representation of a series of audible sounds, especially but not only those that accompany some Event - a live event, the playing of an audio tape, the playing of a movie, anything that has images as well as sounds related to those images. A SoundTrack can be the audible part of a Dream. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'soundtrack' in Wordnet: 1. (2) soundtrack - (sound recording on a narrow strip of a motion picture film) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AudibleSound ] . :Soup :guid "bd58f65c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "soup1n" ; :wordnet "soup" ; a :FluidType, :FoodType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The food soup. Soup contains food components boiled or simmered in water; it usually (but not always) has solids included, so is not strictly a liquid; but it is not a solid, so it is specified as disjoint with solidFood. The restriction {Soup typicallyHasComponentSubstance SoupComponentType} is used to specify that most Soups have either meat or fish or vegetables as a component (the instances of .'SoupComponentType', a metatype created specifically to support this restriction. RHW: a liquid food made by boiling or simmering meat, fish, or vegetables with various added ingredients. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soup' in WordNet: 1. (8) soup - - (liquid food especially of meat or fish or vegetable stock often containing pieces of solid food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFood, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasComponentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :SoupComponentType ] ; owl:disjointWith :SolidFood . :SoupComponentType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SoupComponentType' is a specialized metatype which that has as its instances only those solid Foods (substances) that are commonly added to Soup. This tactic is required because substances are represented as types, and to specify a union as a means of repressenting an 'A or B' object does not work. This is a messy OWL workaround.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceType . :SoupStock :en "soup stock" ; :enn "soup stock" ; :guid "bdac349a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all broth used to make soup. Members of this collection are liquids in which meat, fish, or vegetables have been simmered. Soup stock is used as a basis for soup, gravy, or sauce. It is usually a food ingredient only, but may occasionally be consumed as is. SUMO: Food which is prepared by reducing Meat and/or FruitOrVegetables to a translucent broth which can be used as a base for soups or sauces. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broth, :CookedFood, :FoodIngredientOnly . :SourTasting :guid "b915873e-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "sour" ; :wnsense "sour1adj", "tart1adj" ; :wordnet "sour", "tart" ; a :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sour' is the taste attribute of substances (usually liquids) that are mildly acidic, such as lemon juice. This COSMO sense does not distinguish between the attribute of substances and the taste category 'sour', which are distinguished in WordNet. Includes both adjective senses of 'sour' and adjective sense 1 of 'tart' in WordNet: 2. sour - (having a sharp biting taste) 3. sour - (one of the four basic taste sensations; like the taste of vinegar or lemons) WN adj 'tart': 1. (1) lemony, lemonlike, sourish, tangy, tart - (tasting sour like a lemon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteAttribute . :Source :wnsense "source1n", "source5n" ; :wordnet "source" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Source is any of a wide variety of Objects from which something (substances, objects, energy, assets, events) 'flows' or can be 'withdrawn' (in some sense, possibly metaphorical, but see note below for quotations) and may arise from or emit from spontaneously . This is interpreted very broadly, and can be a factory as a source of goods, a spring as a source of water, the sun as a source of energy, or a bank acount as a source of money. The basic notion is that something comes out of the Source - and that 'something' does not have to be beneficial (pollution or infection or false information can have a source). NOTE: For the sense of 'source' meaning 'source of a quotation' use the relation 'wasAuthoredBy' pointing to the Person who uttered the quote. 'Source' is a Role that can be used to categorize objects so that a system can answer the question: 'Where can I get some X from?' There is no exact WordNet equivalent to this concept - it includes part of noun sense 5 of 'source' and part of sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (355) beginning, origin, root, rootage, source - (the place where something begins, where it springs into being; 'the Italian beginning of the Renaissance'; 'Jupiter was the origin of the radiation'; 'Pittsburgh is the source of the Ohio River'; 'communism's Russian root') 5. (31) source - (a facility where something is available) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, :PlaceOfOrigin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :EventType :PhysicalSubstance :Object ) ] ] . :Soused :wnsense "besotted1adj", "blind drunk1adj", "blotto1adj", "cockeyed3adj", "crocked1adj", "fuddled1adj", "loaded5adj", "pie-eyed1adj", "pissed2adj", "pixilated2adj", "plastered3adj", "potty2adj", "slopped1adj", "sloshed1adj", "smashed1adj", "soaked2adj", "soused1adj", "sozzled1adj", "squiffy1adj", "stiff7adj", "tiddley1adj", "tiddly1adj", "tight11adj", "tipsy1adj", "wet6adj" ; :wordnet "besotted", "blind drunk", "blotto", "cockeyed", "crocked", "fuddled", "loaded", "pie-eyed", "pissed", "pixilated", "plastered", "potty", "slopped", "sloshed", "smashed", "soaked", "soused", "sozzled", "squiffy", "stiff", "tiddley", "tiddly", "tight", "tipsy", "wet" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Soused'' is the highest level of being under the influence of Alcohol without passing out. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'soused' in Wordnet: 2. besotted, blind drunk, blotto, crocked, cockeyed, fuddled, loaded, pie-eyed, pissed, pixilated, plastered, potty, slopped, sloshed, smashed, soaked, soused, sozzled, squiffy, stiff, tiddly, tiddley, tight, tipsy, wet - (very drunk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drunk . :South :ldoce "south" ; :wnsense "south3n" ; :wordnet "south" ; a :CompassDirection-NSEW ; rdfs:comment """The CompassDirection that is 180 degrees rotated from direct North. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'south' in WordNet: 3. (2) south, due south, southward, S - (the cardinal compass point that is at 180 degrees) """ . :SouthAfrica a :Country . :SouthAmericaRegion :wnsense "South America1n" ; :wordnet "South America" ; a :ContinentRegion ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'South America' in WordNet: 1. (3) South America - (a continent in the western hemisphere connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama) """ . :SouthEast :en "southeast" ; :wnsense "southeast1n" ; :wordnet "southeast" ; a :CompassDirection-NSEW ; rdfs:comment """The CompassDirection that is 45 degrees rotated clockwise from direct East. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'southeast' in Wordnet: 1. (1) southeast, sou'-east, southeastward, SE - (the compass point midway between south and east; at 135 degrees) """ . :SouthEastern :wnsense "southeast2adj", "southeasterly2adj", "southeastern1adj" ; :wordnet "southeast", "southeasterly", "southeastern" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SouthEastern'' is an attribute that takes a Region or LandArea as argument and returns the geographically southeasternmost part of that region. ('southheastern US') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'southeastern' in Wordnet: 1. (1) southeast, southeastern, southeasterly - (situated in or oriented toward the southeast) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :SouthWest :wnsense "southwest1n" ; :wordnet "southwest" ; a :CompassDirection-NSEW ; rdfs:comment """The CompassDirection that is 45 degrees rotated clockwise from direct South. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'southwest' in Wordnet: 1. (1) southwest, sou'-west, southwestward, SW - (the compass point midway between south and west; at 225 degrees) """ . :SouthWestern :wnsense "southwest2adj", "southwesterly2adj", "southwestern1adj" ; :wordnet "southwest", "southwesterly", "southwestern" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SouthWestern'' is an attribute that takes a Region or LandArea as argument and returns the geographically southwesternmost part of that region. ('southwestern US') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'southwestern' in Wordnet: 1. southwest, southwestern, southwesterly - (situated in or oriented toward the southwest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :Southern :isTheOppositeOf :Northern ; :ldoce "south", "southern" ; :wnsense "south1adj", "southern2adj" ; :wordnet "south", "southern" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Southern' is an attribute that takes a Region as argument and returns the geographically southernmost part of that region. ('southern US'; 'south Florida') Includes part ('situated in') of adjective sense 2 of 'southern' and part ('situated in') of adjective sense 1 of 'south' in WordNet: 2. (7) southerly, southern - (situated in or oriented toward the south; 'a southern exposure'; 'took a southerly course') WN adj 'south': 1. (13) south - (situated in or facing or moving toward or coming from the south; 'the south entrance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :SouthernDrawl :en "Southern drawl" ; :enn "Southern drawl" ; :wnsense "drawl1n" ; :wordnet "drawl" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The distinctive Pronunciation of English that is used by native English speakers raised in some southeastern parts of the United States, especially in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, and in some neighboring regions. The accents vary but can all be recognized as southern by native English speakers of northern and western USA. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'drawl' in WordNet: 1. (1) drawl - (a slow speech pattern with prolonged vowels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronunciation . :SouthernHemisphere a :EarthHemisphere . :Southland :wnsense "southland1n" ; :wordnet "southland" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subregion of a ''GeographicalRegion'' that lies to the South of other parts of the region. In the United States this usually refers to the region that was the Confederacy in the early 1860's.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'southland' in WordNet: 1. South, southland - (any region lying in or toward the south) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion, :Part . :Southpaw :wnsense "left hander1n", "left-handed pitcher1n", "left-hander1n", "lefthander1n", "lefty2n", "southpaw1n" ; :wordnet "left hander", "left-handed pitcher", "left-hander", "lefthander", "lefty", "southpaw" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Southpaw'' is a ''BaseballPitcher'' who throws with her/his left arm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'southpaw' in WordNet: 1. (5) left-handed pitcher, left-hander, left hander, lefthander, lefty, southpaw - (a baseball pitcher who throws the ball with the left hand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPitcher, :Lefty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Left-Handed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Souvenir :wnsense "keepsake1n", "souvenir1n" ; :wordnet "keepsake", "souvenir" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Souvenir' is a small 'memento' (a 'SolidObject'), that a person keeps specifically to remind her/him of some past event such as travel, weddings, parties, etc. It is typically small enough to keep on a shelf. For an Action that causes remembering, use 'Reminding'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'souvenir' and sense 1 of 'keepsake' in WordNet: 1. (1) keepsake, souvenir, token, relic - (something of sentimental value) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Memento, :SmallObject . :Soverignty :wnsense "sovereignty1n" ; :wordnet "sovereignty" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Soverignty'' is ''SelfGovernment'' by an independent ''Country''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Soverignty' in WordNet: 1. (1) sovereignty - (government free from external control) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelfGovernment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Country ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Soviet :pertainsTo :SovietUnion ; :wnsense "Soviet1adj" ; :wordnet "Soviet" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Soviet'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the ''SovietUnion''. This is usually written with a capital 'S'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Soviet' in WordNet: 1. (25) Soviet - (of or relating to or characteristic of the former Soviet Union or its people; 'Soviet leaders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SovietUnion a :Country . :Sow :wnsense "sow1n" ; :wordnet "sow" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An adult female ''Pig''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sow' in WordNet: 1. sow - (an adult female hog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pig . :Sower :wnsense "sower1n" ; :wordnet "sower" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who sows seeds professionally. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sower' in WordNet: 1. sower - (someone who sows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sowing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Sowing :wnsense "seed4v", "sow1v" ; :wordnet "seed", "sow" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sowing'' is a 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere' in which a Seed is placed directly into the Soil. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sow' in WordNet: 1. (5) sow, sough, seed - (place (seeds) in or on the ground for future growth; 'She sowed sunflower seeds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inserting, :PlantingASeed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seed ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ] . :SoySauce :wnsense "soy sauce1n" ; :wordnet "soy sauce" ; a :FluidType, :FoodType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soy sauce' in WordNet: 1. soy sauce, soy - (thin sauce made of fermented soy beans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sauce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soybean ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fermented ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Soybean :wnsense "soy1n", "soya bean1n", "soybean1n" ; :wordnet "soy", "soya bean", "soybean" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soybean' in WordNet: 1. soy, soybean, soya bean - (a source of oil; used for forage and soil improvement and as food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeanLikeFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SoybeanPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ] . :SoybeanOil :wnsense "soyabean oil1n", "soybean oil1n" ; :wordnet "soyabean oil", "soybean oil" ; a :FluidType, :FoodType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ FromWikipedia: Soybean oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max). It is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils and the second most consumed vegetable oil.[1] As a drying oil, processed soybean oil is also used as a base for printing inks (soy ink) and oil paints. Per 100 g, soybean oil has 16 g of saturated fat, 23 g of monounsaturated fat, and 58 g of polyunsaturated fat.[6][7] The major unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil triglycerides are the polyunsaturates alpha-linolenic acid (C-18:3), 7-10%, and linoleic acid (C-18:2), 51%; and the monounsaturate oleic acid (C-18:1), 23%.[8] It also contains the saturated fatty acids stearic acid (C-18:0), 4%, and palmitic acid (C-16:0), 10%. The high-proportion of oxidation-prone polyunsaturated fatty acid is undesirable for some uses, such as cooking oils. Three companies, Monsanto Company, DuPont/Bunge, and Asoyia in 2004 introduced low linolenic Roundup Ready soybeans. Hydrogenation may be used to reduce the unsaturation in linolenic acid. The resulting oil is called hydrogenated soybean oil. If the hydrogenation is only partially complete, the oil may contain small amounts of trans fat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soybean oil' in WordNet: 1. soybean oil, soyabean oil - (oil from soya beans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DryingOil, :VegetableOil, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soybean ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :SoybeanPlant :wnsense "Glycine max1n", "soja bean1n", "soja1n", "soy2n", "soya bean2n", "soya1n", "soybean plant1n", "soybean2n" ; :wordnet "Glycine max", "soja", "soja bean", "soy", "soya", "soya bean", "soybean", "soybean plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'soybean plant' in WordNet: 1. soy, soya, soybean, soya bean, soybean plant, soja, soja bean, Glycine max - (erect bushy hairy annual herb having trifoliate leaves and purple to pink flowers; extensively cultivated for food and forage and soil improvement but especially for its nutritious oil-rich seeds; native to Asia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Legume-ThePlant, :Vegetable-Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soybean ; owl:onProperty :bearsFruitType ] . :Soybeans :en "soybeans" ; :enn "soybeans" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Soybeans'' is a ''SolidSubstance'' and a ''Food'' consisting of multiple more or less intact ''Soybean''s. This is the starting material used to prepare various products that may or may not be ''Food''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soybean ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ] . :Spa :wnsense "resort hotel2n", "spa2n" ; :wordnet "resort hotel", "spa" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spa'' is a ''Resort'' (a type of hotel) that calls itself a 'spa'. The distinction from ''Resort'' is vage, but a ''Spa'' should have some kind of 'health' or recreation facility associated - hot springs pool, golf course This is not just a 'health club' it has to be a hotel-lie facility. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spa' in WordNet: 2. resort hotel, spa - (a fashionable hotel usually in a resort area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resort . :Space :wnsense "space1n" ; :wordnet "space" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Space'' is the most generic notion of some intersecting arangement of ''Dimension''s in which things can be located. This can be abstract,such as a mathematical 'space' or concrete, such as our ''PhysicalSpace'', the universe in which we live. A 'space'can get rather abstract, such as anything that can be represented as a set of ordered points or some intersection of two or more such sets. Specialized mathematical 'spaces' can be represented as subtypes of this type. Both ''Space'' and ''Dimension'' are primitive notions that cannot be represented other than by their relations to other entities and each other. Specific Regions of any ''Space'' are represented by subtypes or instances of ''Region''. THe closest sense of 'space'in WordNet is sense 1, which appears to represent our physical space in which or Universe exists. That space is an instance of ''PhysicalSpaceRegion''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'space' in WordNet: 1. (33) space, infinite - (the unlimited expanse in which everything is located; 'they tested his ability to locate objects in space'; 'the boundless regions of the infinite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Region, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDimensionality ; owl:someValuesFrom :DimensionalityValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dimension ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :has ] . :SpaceCharacter :ldoce "space" ; :wnsense "blank1n", "space4n" ; :wordnet "blank", "space" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SpaceCharacter is an abstract typographic character that shows up as a blank space between 'printing characters' in ron of and behind it in an AbsrtactString. It is used as a separator between words in many languages, and for formatting the printed view of documents. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'space' and sense 1 of 'blank' in WordNet: WN 'space': 4. (2) space, blank - - (a blank character used to separate successive words in writing or printing; 'he said the space is the most important character in the alphabet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractCharacter . :SpaceHeater :guid "bf812173-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "space heater1n" ; :wordnet "space heater" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'space heater' in WordNet: 1. space heater - (heater consisting of a self-contained (usually portable) unit to warm a room) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirHeatingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Room ; owl:onProperty :heats ] . :SpaceInAFixedHOC :guid "bfafbf8f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$SpaceInAFixedHOC is a specialization of #$SpaceInAHOC and #$Place. Each instance of #$SpaceInAFixedHOC is a space within some instance of a fixed (as opposed to moveable) #$HumanOccupationConstruct (q.v.). Positive examples include rooms within #$Buildings, while negative examples include spaces within recreational vehicles. NOTE that a ''SpaceInAFixedHOC'' does not have to be completely enclosed by walls; a ''Porch'' open to the outside can also be a ''SpaceInAFixedHOC''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :Place, :SpaceInAHOC . :SpaceInAHOC :guid "bd589ff6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SpaceInAHOC is a PhysicalObject that comprises the whole or part of a structure in which people may live, do business, or perform any other activity that people can do indoors. As a 'Cavity' this means that there is room to contain things - objects, people, etc. Most of the volume of any instance of this type will be an 'AvailableSpace' - usable to put things or walk around in. There is a certain ambiguity in this Cyc concept: as a 'feature' a Cavity should not be identical to a whole object, but a 'HumanOccupationConstruct' can be a whole structure as well as a part. In COSMO We retain this ambiguity and interpret this category as including whole structures as well as parts of structures. The emphasis is on the space inside the structure, but this category is *not* a region of space, it is a PhysicalObject. Cyc: A specialization of both #$Cavity and #$HumanOccupationConstruct. Each instance of #$SpaceInAHOC is a space found inside some instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct (HOC). Instances include all major spaces inside any #$HumanOccupationConstruct, including not only rooms (instances of #$RoomInAConstruction), but also halls, elevator shafts, attics, stairwells, and the spaces inside trains, cars, and airplanes that are designed for human occupation. Other building parts which are not open spatial regions (e.g., walls, plumbing, etc.) are _not_ included in this collection; cf. #$PartOfBuilding.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cavity, :HumanOccupationConstruct, :IndoorLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AvailableSpace ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanOccupationConstruct ; owl:onProperty :overlapsOrTouches ] . :SpaceLine :guid "c023aae9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$HomogeneousExtendedSpaceRegion and #$LinearObject (qq.v.). Instances of #$SpaceLine are one-dimensional portions of space; it makes sense to speak of or compute the length of such regions, but they have no breadth or depth (and thus neither area nor volume). For example, if a two-or-higher-dimensional object is contained in a given region, then each edge of that object (see #$EdgeOnObject-Generic) occupies a space-line in that region. Note that space-lines need not be straight. See also the specialization #$SpaceLine-Empirical. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Line, :LinearObject . :SpaceLine-Empirical :guid "c0e70a91-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$SpaceLine and #$SpaceRegion-Empirical (qq.v.). Instances of #$SpaceLine-Empirical are one-dimensional pieces of the space in the empirically-observable universe. For space-lines located on the Earth's surface, see the specialization #$GeographicalPlace-1D. COSMO note: this is equivalent to the BFO 'Line'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OneOrTwoDimensionalSpaceRegion, :SpaceLine . :SpacePoint :BFO "ZeroDimensionalRegion" ; :guid "c0a50ab4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GeometricalPoint (q.v.). This is the collection of geometrical points that have a fixed location with respect to some coordinate system or frame of reference. An important specialization is #$SpacePoint-Empirical (q.v.), whose instances have fixed locations with respect to some coordinate system or frame of reference in the empirically-observable universe, and thus are embedded in time. An example of a space-point _not_ in the empirical universe is a point in some abstract Euclidean space of the sort studied in geometry. Space points can be used to indicate the locations (or partial locations) of things in space (see #$locatedAtPoint-Spatial). For example, at the initial instant of the 20th Century (in Greenwich, England) the center of mass of the solar system was located at some #$SpacePoint-Empirical (which is a different #$SpacePoint-Empirical than the one at which the center of mass is located at this moment). Considered diachronically (as in the foregoing example), 'the center of mass of the solar system' refers to a certain #$GeometricalPoint but not a #$SpacePoint. NOTE: for a point in our real universe, use 'SpacePoint-Empirical'. BFO: 'ZeroDimensionalRegion': BFO: Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with no dimensions. BFO: Examples: a point """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialRegion, :ZeroDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PointLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GeometricalPoint ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :SpacePoint-Empirical :en "point in space" ; :enn "point in space" ; :guid "c07d5038-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$SpacePoint and #$SpaceRegion-Empirical (qq.v.). Each instance of #$SpacePoint-Empirical is a zero-dimensional object that belongs to, and thus has a fixed location in, the embedding space of the empirical universe. Examples include the location of the center of mass of the Milky Way galaxy at the beginning of the 20th Century. Note that empirical space points are embedded in time; if time is not a significant parameter (i.e. if in an atemporal or temporally agnostic context) consider using #$SpacePoint instead. NOTE: this Type is equivalent to the BFO Type 'Point'. BFO: """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OneOrTwoDimensionalSpaceRegion, :SpacePoint . :SpaceSurface :BFO "TwoDimensionalRegion" ; :guid "be0d5978-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "surface2n" ; :wordnet "surface" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ExtendedSpaceRegion. Instances of #$SpaceSurface are two dimensional portions of space, flat or embedable in a three dimensional space. It makes sense to speak of, or compute, the area of these objects. For instance, the space occupied by a flat surface belongs to this collection. Conversely, the space occupied by a solid chunk of matter does not belong to #$SpaceSurface, but does belong to #$ChunkOfSpace. NOTE that a ''Surface'' that has depth is represented by ''Surface-Physical'' in COSO. So the examples for 'surface' in WN are more appropriate to ''Surface-Physical'' than to this type, which has no depth and is strictly two-dimensional. BFO 'TwoDimensionalRegion': BFO: Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with two dimensions. BFO: Examples: the surface of a cube-shaped part of space, the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space, the surface of a rectilinear planar figure-shaped part of space. Corresponds to only a part of noun sense 2 of 'surface' in WordNet (not including any depth - this has no volume): in WordNet: 2. (39) surface - (the extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object; 'they skimmed over the surface of the water'; 'a brush small enough to clean every dental surface'; 'the sun has no distinct surface') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Region, :Surface-Intangible, :TwoDimensionalGeometricThing . :SpaceSurface-Empirical :guid "bf35fe24-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical. Instances of #$SpaceSurface-Empirical are two dimensional portions of the space taken up by the empirical universe. Physical objects can only be partially located at such surfaces; in other words instances of this collection intersect the space occupied by physical objects, but are never cospatial with the space occupied by a physical object [see #$ChunkOfSpace-Empirical and #$inPlane]. The only objects properly localizable at instances of #$SpaceSurface-Empirical are intangible objects of dimension two or lower. For instance, the intangible surface that delimits the spaces occupied by a table and the space above the surface of the table belongs to this collection. COSMO note: This Type is equivalent to the BFO 'Surface'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSpaceRegion, :SpaceSurface . :SpaceTime :wnsense "space-time continuum1n", "space-time1n" ; :wordnet "space-time", "space-time continuum" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpaceTime'' is the Physical ''Region'' consisting of every point in spae and every point in time, as observed or calsulated or theorized by IntelligentAgents existing within that Region. The structure of this Region is a subject of investigation among theoretical physicists, aided by the observations of \"Astronomer''s. The General Theory of Relativity and obsrvations confirming its predictions show that the space and time dimensions are not separate, but intimately connected in a single structure called ''SpaceTime''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'space-time' in WordNet: 1. space-time, space-time continuum - (the four-dimensional coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) in which physical events are located) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Region . :SpaceTransportationEvent :en "space flight", "space transportation event" ; :guid "bf363d3d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all space transportation events. For each instance TRAN of #$SpaceTransportationEvent, at least a part of the #$Trajectory of #$objectMoving in TRAN must be in the outer space. Note that #$SpaceTransportationEvent is different from (#$TransportViaFn #$Spacecraft) because the former emphasizes where to find the #$Trajectory while the latter emphasizes what is used as a tool, not to mention instances of the former do not have to have parts on Earth or inside our atmosphere. NOTE: this is a Action performed by a ''Spacecraft'' where the Spacecraft is considered an agent performing the transportation event. For a Person as agent, use ''SpaceTravel''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spacecraft ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SpaceTravel :wnsense "space travel1n", "spacefaring1n", "spaceflight1n" ; :wordnet "space travel", "spacefaring", "spaceflight" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''SpaceTravel'' is a ''FlyingAction'' in which the flying of the craft does not depend on lift from the atmosphere, but by some mechanism (usually rocket propulsion) that allows acceleration in free space, and goes to heights above the Earth where air lift cannot assist flight - into orbit or to or around other celestial bodies. This type requires a Person aboard, and that Person is 'riding' in a ''Spacecraft''. For space flights without people aboard, use parent type ''SpaceTransportationEvent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'space travel' in WordNet: 1. spaceflight, space travel, spacefaring - (a voyage outside the Earth's atmosphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlyingAction, :LongJourney, :RidingInaVehicle, :SpaceTransportationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astronaut ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spacecraft ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] . :Spacecraft :guid "c10b650e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "spacecraft" ; :wnsense "ballistic capsule1n", "space vehicle1n", "spacecraft1n" ; :wordnet "ballistic capsule", "space vehicle", "spacecraft" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Spacecraft is a specialization of #$TransportationDevice. Each instance of #$Spacecraft is a transportation device either deployed entirely in outer space, or one whose trajectories leave the atmosphere of the planet it's launched from, in order to orbit the planet or to travel beyond the planet's gravitational field. A #$Spacecraft may either be manned or unmanned. NOTE that all 'Spacecraft' have to be rocket-propelled, which means propelled by the thrust caused by the expulsion of matter from the craft. Therefore a sunlight-driven solar sailing craft would not be classified as a 'Spacecraft'. This may have to be modified if, when such devices actually begin to be used, a separate classification for solar sailing devices appears to be a problem. NOTE: a Spacecraft is a Vehicle and must have its own means of propulson, so a passive satellite placed into orbit that cannot move itself around is not a spacecraft. SUMO: Any Vehicle which is capable of SpaceTransportation. Includes but is not limitedto noun sense 1 of 'spacecraft' in Wordnet: 1. spacecraft, ballistic capsule, space vehicle - (a craft capable of traveling in outer space; technically, a satellite around the sun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RocketPropelledTransportationDevice, :TransportationDevice-Vehicle . :Spaced :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SpacingThingsOut ; :wnsense "separated2adj", "spaced2adj" ; :wordnet "separated", "spaced" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spaced'' is the AttributeValue of something that had been'spaced' apart (spatially or temporally). NOTE: for things that are widely spaced, use subtype ''WidelySpaced''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'spaced' in Wordnet: 2. spaced - (arranged with spaces between; often used as a combining form; 'widely spaced eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arranged . :SpacedListString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SpacedListString is a ListString in which the individual entries are delimited by spaces. NOTE that the delimiter is a SpacesString, so any number of sequential spaces between items constitutes one delimiter. There are no null entries (or entries equal to the null string) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ListString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SpacesString ; owl:onProperty :hasDelimiter ] . :SpacesString a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of SpacesString is an AbstractString consisting of one or more sequential spaces. Every string consisting only of spaces, of any length greater than 0, is an instance. Note that the name has 'spaces' in the plural, meaning that it can be more than one.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString . :Spaceship :wnsense "spaceship1n", "starship1n" ; :wordnet "spaceship", "starship" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ \" The Starship Enterprise is prominent in the 'Star Trek' series. \" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spaceship' in WordNet: 1. starship, spaceship - (a spacecraft designed to carry a crew into interstellar space (especially in science fiction)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spacecraft, :TransportationDevice-Vehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCarry ] . :SpacingThingsOut :wnsense "space1v" ; :wordnet "space" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpacingThingsOut'' is an ''Arranging'' in which the agent arranges Objects (Physical or Abstract) or Event such that there is some 'space' (spatial or temporal) between them. This is a broad concept, and can be used for putting Physical Objects in an arrangement (such as a line) where there are spaces between the objects so that they do not touch each other. The spaces do not have to have uniform size. The arrangement can be two or three-dimensional. Putting spaces between words or characters in a character string is included, Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'space' in WordNet: 1. (3) space - (place at intervals; 'Space the interviews so that you have some time between the different candidates') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arranging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Arrangement ] . :Spacious :isAnAttributeValueOf :OutdoorLocation ; :wnsense "broad6adj", "spacious1adj", "wide4adj" ; :wordnet "broad", "spacious", "wide" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Spacious'' characterizes some ''OutdoorLocation'' that allows unobstructed views of a large and wide area. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spacious' in Wordnet: 1. (2) broad, spacious, wide - (very large in expanse or scope; 'a broad lawn'; 'the wide plains'; 'a spacious view'; 'spacious skies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VeryLarge . :Spade :ldoce "spade" ; :wnsense "spade2n" ; :wordnet "spade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Spade' is a 'Shovel' with a pointed tip, used for digging into soil as well as (along with other shovels) for moving loose granular material from one location to another. The Cyc 'Shovel' is essentially what is called a 'Spade' in COSMO - a Shovel with a pointed tip' Cyc 'Shovel': A hand tool used for cutting or moving soft or granulated materials like soil and sand. Comprised of a long handle and a concave head with a sharp edge. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spade' in WordNet: 2. (1) spade - - (a sturdy hand shovel that can be pushed into the earth with the foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shovel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpadeBlade ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Spade-TheCard :guid "c11e9560-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "spade" ; :wnsense "spade1n" ; :wordnet "spade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subcollection of #$PlayingCard that contains all of the cards which are spades. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spade' in WordNet: 1. (2) spade - - (a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it; 'she led a low spade'; 'spades were trumps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingCard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spades ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :SpadeBlade :en "shovel blade" ; :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade8n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpadeBlade'' is a ''ShovelBlade'', that is the ''WorkingHead'' of a ''Spade'', relatively flat, broad at the top and tapered to a point at the far end from the handle. Not perfectly 'Triangular', but aproximately. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PointyEndedObject, :ShovelBlade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spade ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpadeShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpadeShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasApproximateShape ] . :SpadeShape a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpadeShape'' is a ''ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure'' that is ''Planar'' and has three main sides,one of which may be straight, but at least two are curved slightly so that the two curved sides make a point at their intersection. Except for the curvature of two sides it is approximately triangular. This is approximately the shape of a ''SpadeBlade'', the metal end of the digging tool called a ''Spade''. The card design in the ''Spades'' suit is also approximately the same shape, but with a tail projecting from the shorter side. This attribute does not indicate that the shape is like that of a ''Spades'' suit, and does not include the projecting tail. The 'federal shield' shape used to display numbers of highways in the Interstate Highway System has a fourth point at the top, but can be considered approximately ''SpadeShaped''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure, :PlaneFigure-Geometrical . :SpadeShaped :wnsense "spade-like1adj", "spade-shaped1adj" ; :wordnet "spade-like", "spade-shaped" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpadeShaped'' is the shape of a 'SpadeShape''. This applies to relatively thin PhysicalObjects as well as two-dimensional objects. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spade-shaped' in Wordnet: 1. spade-shaped, spade-like - (shaped in the form of a spade) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :Spades a :CardSuitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spades'' is one of the four subtypes of ''CardSuit''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CardSuit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Spade-TheCard ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Spaghetti :consistsOfManyOf :SpaghettiNoodle ; :wnsense "spaghetti2n" ; :wordnet "spaghetti" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The food ''Pasta'' substance consisting of multiple slender string-like threads of processed dough. It is usually served with some sauce, most often a tomato-based sauce. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spaghetti' in WordNet: 2. spaghetti - (pasta in the form of long strings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pasta, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpaghettiNoodle ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfManyOf ] . :SpaghettiNoodle :en "spaghetti noodle" ; :enn "spaghetti noodle" ; :hasTheShapeOfa :StringOrLine ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A long string-like noodle. A whole bunch of these together is represented by the substance ''Spaghetti''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StringOrLine ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfString ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spaghetti ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Spain :hasISO3166_Digraph "ES" ; :wnsense "Spain1n" ; :wordnet "Spain" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Spain' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Spain, Kingdom of Spain, Espana - (a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power) """ . :Spam :CYC "Spam-UnsolicitedEMail" ; :guid "be0cba3f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "junk e-mail1n", "spam2n" ; :wordnet "junk e-mail", "spam" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Spam-UnsolicitedEMail' A specialization of #$EMailMessage. Each instance of this collection is an electronic mail message sent to many different #$EMailAddresses on the #$Internet, often in an attempt to sell a product, and causing irritation to the recipients. For the acts of sending such mass-mailings, see #$MassEMailSending. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spam' in WordNet: 2. spam, junk e-mail - (unwanted e-mail (usually of a commercial nature sent out in bulk)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMailMessage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoying ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Spaniel :guid "bdb538a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spaniel1n" ; :wordnet "spaniel" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of dogs, each instance of which belongs to one of the Spaniel breeds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spaniel' in WordNet: 1. (1) spaniel - (any of several breeds of small to medium-sized gun dogs with a long silky coat and long frilled ears) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dog . :Spanish :wasCreatedBy :SpanishSpeakers ; :wnsense "Spanish1n" ; :wordnet "Spanish" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: for the pertaining attribute referring to people who speak Spanish,use ''Hispanic''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Spanish' in Wordnet: 1. (6) Spanish - (the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain) """ . :SpanishReal :en "piece of eight", "pieces of eight" ; :ennp "pieces of eight" ; :wnsense "real2n" ; :wordnet "real" ; a :MoneyTenderType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpanishReal'' is an old Spanish coin. As an antique not in circulation, its value varies with the coin market. Wikipedia: The real (meaning: \" royal \", plural: reales) was a unit of currency in Spain for several centuries after the mid-14th century.[1] It underwent several changes in value relative to other units throughout its lifetime until it was replaced by the peseta in 1868. The most common denomination for the currency was the silver eight-real Spanish dollar (Real de a 8) or peso which was used throughout Europe, America and Asia during the height of the Spanish Empire. Part of the origin of 'two bits': two bits (n.) \"quarter dollar,\" 1730, in reference to the Mexican real, a large coin that was divided into eight bits; see bit (n.1). Each 'bit' was one-eigth of the coins, and the coins were therefore referred to as 'pieces of eight': From 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/JO391t6cRtGxstjbE4EEmg': Pieces of eight were the world's first global currency. As the coins of Spain they were used across the vast Spanish Empire, stretching from South America to the Philippines, but were also used outside the empire as well. In 1600 one coin would have been worth the equivalent of a modern 50-pound note. The front of the coin is decorated with the coat of arms of the Habsburgs, the rulers of Spain and the most powerful family in Europe. Where did the silver for pieces of eight come from? The inscription on this coin - King of the Spains and the Indies - refers to European Spain and the great new Spanish Empire in the Americas. The silver used to create the coins and finance Spain's armies and armadas came, above all, from the 'silver mountain' of Potosi in Bolivia. This wealth came at a terrible cost to human life. Thousands of indigenous American Indians and African slaves died in the brutal conditions of the mines to support Spain's thirst for silver. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'real' in WordNet: 2. real - (an old small silver Spanish coin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silver ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SpanishSpeakers :hasAttributeValue :Hispanic ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :speaksLanguage :Spanish ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Spanking :wnsense "spank1v", "spanking1n" ; :wordnet "spank", "spanking" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To hit a Person on the buttocks with the hand or a flat object like a paddle. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spank' and nnoun sense 1 of 'spanking' in WordNet: 1. spank, paddle, larrup - (give a spanking to; subject to a spanking) WN noun 'spanking' 1. spanking - (the act of slapping on the buttocks; \"he gave the brat a good spanking\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeatingAnAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buttocks ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ] . :Spar :wnsense "spar2n" ; :wordnet "spar" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pole'' that is used to support rigging on a ''Sailboat'' (of any size). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spar' in Wordnet: 2. spar - (a stout rounded pole of wood or metal used to support rigging) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigging ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sailboat ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Spare :isTheOppositeOf :Necessary ; :wnsense "excess1adj", "extra1adj", "redundant1adj", "spare2adj", "supererogatory1adj", "superfluous2adj", "supernumerary1adj", "surplus1adj" ; :wordnet "excess", "extra", "redundant", "spare", "supererogatory", "superfluous", "supernumerary", "surplus" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spare'' is the AttributeValue of objects that are ''Unnecessary''to perform some action, because there are already sufficient numbers of such objects available (at the time of reference) to perform the actions. Corresponds to part (for objects) of adjective sense 2 of 'spare' in WordNet: 2. (1) excess, extra, redundant, spare, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, surplus - (more than is needed, desired, or required; 'trying to lose excess weight'; 'found some extra change lying on the dresser'; 'yet another book on heraldry might be thought redundant'; 'skills made redundant by technological advance'; 'sleeping in the spare room'; 'supernumerary ornamentation'; 'it was supererogatory of her to gloat'; 'delete superfluous (or unnecessary) words'; 'extra ribs as well as other supernumerary internal parts'; 'surplus cheese distributed to the needy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Unnecessary . :SpareRibs :en "ribs" ; :ennp "ribs" ; :wnsense "barbecued spareribs1n", "spareribs1n", "spareribs2n" ; :wordnet "barbecued spareribs", "spareribs" ; a :FoodType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One 'dish' (serving) of 'spare ribs' - barbecued pork ribs. Includes cooked and uncooked noun senses 1 and 2 of 'spareribs' in WordNet: 1. barbecued spareribs, spareribs - (baked or roasted with a spicy sauce) 2. spareribs - (cut of pork from the rib section with most of the meat trimmed off) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pork ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :SparingFromHarm :wnsense "spare1v" ; :wordnet "spare" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''SparingFromHarm'' is a PersistentState in which some 'IntentionalAgent' refrains from harming another Agent, with the assumption that same kind of harm would often or commonly be inflicted in the same situation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spare' in WordNet: 1. (7) spare, save - (refrain from harming) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refraining . :Spark :eng "arcing" ; :wnsense "arc1n", "discharge5n", "electric arc1n", "electric discharge1n", "spark3n" ; :wordnet "arc", "discharge", "electric arc", "electric discharge", "spark" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spark'' is a the conduction of electrons between two conductive objects through a gas in a gap between the conductors,producing light. RHW: arc 2. Also called electric arc. Elect. a luminous bridge formed in a gap between two electrodes. Cf. spark1 (def. 2). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'spark' in WordNet: 3. (2) discharge, spark, arc, electric arc, electric discharge - (electrical conduction through a gas in an applied electric field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalConduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlashOfLight ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Sparkler :wnsense "sparkler2n" ; :wordnet "sparkler" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Sparkler'' represents the small toy firework that is a wire that is thick enough to hold its rod-like shape plus a solid combustible material coated onto it from the top to the middle and that can be held in the hand, and burns down from the top to about midway down the rod, where the solid combustible substance ends, throwing off ''BurningSpark''s until the combustible material is consumed. This represents that Object *while* it is burning (should be a 'burning sparkler', with an unlit parent type). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sparkler' in WordNet: 2. sparkler - (a firework that burns slowly and throws out a shower of sparks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FingerSizedObject, :Firework-PyrotechnicDevice, :LightEmittingObject, :LongAndThinThing, :Rod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BurningSpark ; owl:minCardinality "20" ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wire ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CombustibleSubstance ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ] . :SparklingWine :hasComponentSubstance :CarbonDioxide ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Effervescent ; :wnsense "sparkling wine1n" ; :wordnet "sparkling wine" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''SparklingWine'' is a ''Wine'' that has enough retained carbon dioxide to emit bubbles (of carbon dioxide) when the bottle is opened,and the wine is poured into a glass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sparkling wine' in WordNet: 1. sparkling wine - (effervescent wine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarbonatedBeverage, :Wine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Effervescent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sparrow :wnsense "sparrow1n" ; :wordnet "sparrow" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A dull olive-to-brown colored bird of the finch family, common in cities. There are several types of sparrow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sparrow' in WordNet: 1. (1) sparrow, true sparrow - (any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Finch . :Sparse :isTheOppositeOf :Dense ; :wnsense "sparse1adj", "thin4adj" ; :wordnet "sparse", "thin" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sparse'' is an attribute that specifies that something has a lower than usual density, i.e. things are spaced farther apart than some reference. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sparse' in Wordnet: 1. (3) sparse, thin - (not dense; 'a thin beard'; 'trees were sparse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sparser :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Sparse ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sparser' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some ObjectGroup a density (per area or volume) that is lower than a comparison group or than the same group at a different time. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue . :Spasm :guid "c0fd4bde-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "muscle spasm1n", "spasm1n" ; :wordnet "muscle spasm", "spasm" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sudden involuntary muscle contraction, not necessarily painful. FOr the (most common) painful variety use subtype ''Cramping'' which does not include 'clonic spasm's). RHW: 1. Pathol. a sudden, abnormal, involuntary muscular contraction, consisting of a continued muscular contraction (tonic spasm) or of a series of alternating muscular contractions and relaxations (clonic spasm). Includes part ('cramp' is a subtype) of noun sense 1 of 'spasm ' in WordNet: 1. (1) spasm, cramp, muscle spasm - (a painful and involuntary muscular contraction) 2. spasm - ((pathology) sudden constriction of a hollow organ (as a blood vessel)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, :MuscleContraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Spatial :pertainsTo :Space ; :wnsense "spacial1adj", "spatial1adj" ; :wordnet "spacial", "spatial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spatial'' is a ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to any ''Space'' or ''Region''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spatial' in Wordnet: 1. (8) spatial, spacial - (pertaining to or involving or having the nature of space; 'the first dimension to concentrate on is the spatial one'; 'spatial ability'; 'spatial awareness'; 'the spatial distribution of the population') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SpatialArangement :wnsense "spatial arrangement1n" ; :wordnet "spatial arrangement" ; a :GroupType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpatialArangement'' may refer to arrangments of objects in one, two, or three dimensions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spatial arrangement' in WordNet: 1. spacing, spatial arrangement - (the property possessed by an array of things that have space between them) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlacementOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RelativeLocation ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SpatialArea :ldoce "space" ; :wnsense "space2n" ; :wordnet "space" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpatialArea'' is a three-dimensional place containing Air and no ''SolidObject''s, located near the ''EarthsSurface'', of any size. This represents any space on Earth within which objects can move unobstructed. The size can vary in size from a 'gap' between teeth to an air route taken by an airplane. NOTE: WN has no exact entry for this type. The sense 2 of 'space' appears to cover both ''FreeSpaceRegion'' and ''SpatialArea'', in part because WN does not distinguish between a ''Region'' of space and the PhysicalObjects contained within that place. The synset below is used for both, but the two concepts are disjoint. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'space' in WordNet: 2. (18) space - (an empty area (usually bounded in some way between things); 'the architect left space in front of the building'; 'they stopped at an open space in the jungle'; 'the space between his teeth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :lacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :spatiallyContains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ] . :SpatialCell :ldoce "cell" ; :wnsense "cell1n", "cell6n", "cell7n" ; :wordnet "cell" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SpatialCell' is a Compartment (a Region that is separated from other regions within a PhysicalObject for some purpose, whether designed that way by an IntelligentAgent or by an evolutionary process). This includes the various 'cells' that may be for human habitation (a prison cell or a monk's cell) or part of a honeycomb, multicellular battery, etc. @ToDo: specific subtypes such as prison cells can be distinguished. Includes senses 1, 6, and 7 of 'cell' in WordNet: 1. (73) cell - (any small compartment; 'the cells of a honeycomb') 6. cell, cubicle - (small room is which a monk or nun lives) 7. cell, jail cell, prison cell - (a room where a prisoner is kept) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compartment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :GroupType :ObjectGroup ) ] ] . :SpatialPathSystem :guid "c11199d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$EnduringThing-Localized and #$PathSystem (qq.v.). Each instance of #$SpatialPathSystem is a systems of spatial paths (see #$Path-Spatial). Specializations of #$SpatialPathSystem include #$TransportationPathSystem and #$ElectricPowerGrid.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnduringThing-Localized, :PathSystem . :SpatialRegion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SpatialRegion can be of any dimension, though the ones of most interest are three-dimensional in our real world. All Regions must have their location referenced to some definable object, whether abstract or physical. In theory, it may be possible to consider the whole universe as an Object and define 'absolute' regions based on locations in the whole universe, but that may not be useful for any practical purpose. The regions of greatest interest to people are regions defined relative to the Earth's surface, which forms a moving rotating frame of reference, which we treat as stationary for most purposes. NOTE: The BFO 'SpatialRegion' is closest to the COSMO 'PhysicalSpaceRegion' which is a subtype of this Type.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Region . :SpatialThing a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that OpenCyc spatialThing does not necessarily have to be in our Space-Time; it can be in an abstract space. So this is not identical to DOLCE 'spatio-temporal-particular', which is a subclass. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other #$SpatialThing or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a #$SpatialThing may be #$PartiallyTangible (e.g. #$Texas-State) or wholly #$Intangible (e.g. #$ArcticCircle or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a #$SpatialThing might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all #$SpatialThings are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, #$SpatialThing-Localized.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :Individual . :SpatialThing-Localized a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all spatial things, tangible or intangible, that can be meaningfully said to have location or position in the empirically observable universe of the context in question. This includes all #$PartiallyTangible things, such as pyramids and ships, as well as certain #$Intangible spatial things, like the #$Equator. Also included are all #$Events that can be pinned down to specific places (see #$Event-Localized), and thus all #$PhysicalEvents. But note that many events are non-examples, such as the event of a certain law coming into effect and (presumably) purely mental events as well, at least in most contexts. Also excluded are #$SpatialThings that are _not_ localized, such as purely abstract geometrical figures (e.g. a Platonic sphere). All instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized are temporal things, and thus have finite lifespans (the upper bound of which is the lifespan of the universe itself). finally, note that imaginary entities like Frodo, Captain Queeg, and #$HAL9000-TheComputer may be localized within the (imaginary) universes attaching to the fictitious contexts in which they are defined, and so would be instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized within those microtheoretic contexts. NOTE: because Cyc 'SpatialThing-Localized' includes intangible spatial things, this is not identical to the purely physical objects such as 'Oject' in SUMO. In COSMO,purely physical objects are categorized in the Type 'PhysicalObject', which is a subtype of this 'SpatialThing-Localized' category.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :spatio-temporal-particular . :SpatiallyContinuousThing :guid "9ae4ab12-8221-41d7-9022-96b38c86ffc1" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: all PhysicalObjects are non-trivially continuous only with respect to some level of granularity. Cyc: A specialization of #$SpatialThing. For every instance REGION of #$SpatiallyContinuousThing, any two points it subsumes are connected by some path it also subsumes. Positive exemplars include a drinking glass, a haystack, a spiderweb, or a region of space in the shape of any of these things. If the glass is broken and its pieces no longer touch each other, it is not a #$SpatiallyContinuousThing. Some borderline exemplars depend on granularity. At a macroscopic level of granularity, a dense cloud of smoke is effectively continuous. On the microscopic level, it is composed of independent particles that do not touch each other.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialThing . :SpatiotemporalInstant a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Definition: A connected space time region at a specific moment. Examples: the space time region occupied by a single instantaneous temporal slice (part) of a process. COSMO note: It is unclear why this is not identical to a region of space at some particular moment.""" ; rdfs:label "spatiotemporal_instant"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatiotemporalInterval . :SpatiotemporalInterval a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO instants are not disjoint from intervals, they are merely the limiting case of intervals of zero length. A 'proper interval' is a legitimate concept, but would just be superfluous in COSMO, so this Type will include proper intervals and instants. BFO Definition: A connected space time region that endures for more than a single moment of time. BFO Examples: the space time region occupied by a process or by a fiat processual part""" ; rdfs:label "spatiotemporal_interval"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion . :SpatiotemporalRegion :BFO "SpatiotemporalRegion" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """BFO Definition: An occurrent at or in which processual entities can be located. (old rdfs:label = 'spatiotemporal_region'.) COSMO note: this concept in COSMO is very generic, and can be used to specify a spatiotemporal region of any shape. To specify a spatiotemporal region of a more defined shape, use 'TimeAndPlace', for which the spatial shape of the region will depend on the 'location' component of the instance defined. NOTE that the ''Location'' can vary as the Time changes, So this is not just some fixed spatial 'location' over some interval of time BFO 'SpatiotemporalRegion': BFO: Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] at or in which processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities can be located. BFO; Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are spatiotemporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatiotemporal) location with spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is this region itself. BFO: Comment: An instance of the spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is a part of spacetime. All parts of spacetime are spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities and only spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are parts of spacetime. In particular, neither spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities nor temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are in BFO parts of spacetime. Spacetime is the entire extent of the spatiotemporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. Spacetime is among occurrents the analogous of space among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities. BFO: Comment: Spacetime and spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of spacetime can be called \\\"absolutist\\\" or \\\"the container view\\\". In BFO, the class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] allows for a so-called relational view of spacetime, that is to say, a view according to which spatiotemporality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to spacetime. In BFO, the bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that instances of processual context [span:ProcessualContext] are too spatiotemporal entities. BFO Examples: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life, the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor, the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Region ; owl:disjointWith :SituationProcessEventOrState, :TemporalLocation ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion :ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion ) ] . :SpatiotemporalRegionSeries a :GroupType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''SpatiotemporalRegionSeries'' is a ''Series'' in which each Element is a ''TimeAndPlace''. This can be used to represent the 'location' of an Event in both time and space when the spatial location of the objects of interest in the Event are moving relative to the reference Object (usually the surface of the Earth). For a TimeInterval that represents part of an ''EventTrajectory'' uses an ''EventSeriesPhase''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TimeAndPlace ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SpatteringaSubstance :wnsense "plash2v", "spatter1v", "spatter3v", "splash3v", "splatter2v", "splosh4v", "swash2v" ; :wordnet "plash", "spatter", "splash", "splatter", "splosh", "swash" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpatteringaSubstance'' is a 'ScatteringaSubstance' in which some agent (which can be natural, such as the wind or waves) physically causes some quantity of liquid substance to break into small particles and alight on the surface of an Object. The three essential roles are the agent doing the spatterng, the LiquidObject spattered, and the object on which the spattered stuff comes to rest, Typical usage: 'He spattered the cloth with ketchup' Unlike ''Spraying'' the liquid is not ejected from its container with force, as in a garden hose. Includes most of senses 1-3 of of verb 'spatter' in RHW: 1. to scatter or dash in small particles or drops: The dog spattered mud on everyone when he shook himself. 2. to splash with something in small particles: to spatter the ground with water. 3. to sprinkle or spot with something that soils or stains. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'spatter' in WordNet: 1. (1) spatter, splatter, plash, splash, splosh, swash - (dash a liquid upon or against; 'The mother splashed the baby's face with water') 3. spatter, bespatter - (spot, splash, or soil; 'The baby spattered the bib with food') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Movement-TranslationProcess, :ScatteringaSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInTheDirectionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ] . :Spatula :guid "bd58a425-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spatula2n" ; :wordnet "spatula" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: an implement with a broad flat usually flexible blade, used for blending foods or removing them from cooking utensils, e.g. flipping hamburgers. There are several types of 'spatulas'. This type will include all of them. In addition to the kitchen tool, spatulas are used in chemistry labs to remove small portions of granular substance from a quantity in a reagent bottle, and those come in several sizes, smaller than the kitchen tool. The kitchen tools typically have a handle, but some laboratory types are thin and have different sized blades at the two ends, either of which could be *used* as the handle. The 'flexible flat blade' part is represented here by ''MetalPlate''. To represent the full meaning a subtype of ''metalPlate'' is needed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spatula' in WordNet: 2. spatula - (a hand tool with a thin flexible blade used to mix or spread soft substances) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingUtensil, :HandTool, :LongAndThinThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MetalPlate ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Spawn :wnsense "spawn1n" ; :wordnet "spawn" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Group'' of soft (no hard-shelled) ''Egg''s laid by a female Fish, amphibian, or mollusk. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spawn' in WordNet: 1. spawn - (the mass of eggs deposited by fish or amphibians or molluscs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Egg ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SpawnerType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpawnerType'' is a specialized metatype used to relate the act of ''Spawning'' to the type of Animal that can do that. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalType . :Spawning :eng "spawning" ; :wnsense "spawn2v" ; :wordnet "spawn" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An event in which some animal deposits an egg outside its own body. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'spawn' in WordNet: 2. spawn - (lay spawn; 'The salmon swims upstream to spawn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LayingAnEgg, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Egg ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :SpawnerType ] . :Spaz :en "spaz", "spazz" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spaz'' is an insulting slang term for a Person who is very clumsy. RHW 'spaz': a grotesquely awkward person. Etymology: [1960-65; shortening and alter. of SPASTIC] """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClumsyPerson . :Speaker :ennp "speakers" ; :wnsense "speaker1n", "talker1n", "utterer3n", "verbaliser1n", "verbalizer1n" ; :wordnet "speaker", "talker", "utterer", "verbaliser", "verbalizer" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Speaker'' is the Role of a ''Person'' (male or female) who is or was speaking at a certain time. (could be past - 'was the first speaker'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speaker' in WordNet: 1. (9) speaker, talker, utterer, verbalizer, verbaliser - (someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous); 'the speaker at commencement'; 'an utterer of useful maxims') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informant, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :SpeakerDevice :wnsense "loudspeaker system1n", "loudspeaker1n", "speaker unit1n", "speaker2n" ; :wordnet "loudspeaker", "loudspeaker system", "speaker", "speaker unit" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpeakerDevice'' is a *single* speaker that may stand alone in producing sound in some electrical device, or may be part of a''SpeakerSystem'' that contains more than one ''SpeakerDevice''. The systems with multiple speakers may be used to produce ''Sterophonic'' sound, or may simply be used in large areas to allow all members of an audience to hear the speech or music clearly. NOTE: the WN gloss emphasizes 'loudspeaker' but that term is usually used for outdoor *very loud* ''SpeakerDevice''s. This type includes those, but is mostly used for 'speakers' attached to indoor media playing devices, including radios, TVs,telephones, computer speakers, and any other that convert electrical signals to sound. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'speaker' in WordNet: 2. (2) loudspeaker, speaker, speaker unit, loudspeaker system, speaker system - (electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectroAcousticTransducer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ] . :SpeakerOfTheHouse :en "speaker of the house" ; :enn "speaker of the house" ; :wnsense "Speaker3n" ; :wordnet "Speaker" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SpeakerOfTheHouse'' is one formal term for the ''ChairPerson'' that presides over a ''LegislativeOrganization'', and who is called the 'Speaker'. This term is used in the United States House of Representatives. Other bodies such as a ''Senate'' may have other terms for the presiding officer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Speaker' in WordNet: 3. (1) Speaker - (the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly; 'the leader of the majority party is the Speaker of the House of Representatives') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChairPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FormalMeeting ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :SpeakerSystem :wnsense "speaker system1n" ; :wordnet "speaker system" ; a :DeviceType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpeakerSystem'' is a Group of one or more ''SpeakerDevice''s. A ''SpeakerSystem'' that contains more than one ''SpeakerDevice''. The systems with multiple speakers may be used to produce ''Sterophonic'' sound, or may simply be used in large areas to allow all members of an audience to hear the speech or music clearly. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 2 of 'speaker' in WordNet: 2. (2) loudspeaker, speaker, speaker unit, loudspeaker system, speaker system - (electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudioSystem, :DeviceGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConvertingElectricalEnergyToSound ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sound ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SpeakerDevice ] . :Speakers :en "presenters", "speakers", "speakers at a meeting" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Speakers'' is the Group of ''Presenter''s who present Lectures at a ''FormalMeeting'', which may be restricted to certain people or members of a certain GroupOfPeople. \" Who will be the speakers? \" \" There will be five speakers in the first session. \" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Presenter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Speaking :en "speaking", "talking" ; :eng "mouthing" ; :guid "bd58bf82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "speak", "talk" ; :wnsense "mouth1v", "speak1v", "speak3v", "talk2v", "utter3v", "verbalise2v", "verbalize2v" ; :wordnet "mouth", "speak", "talk", "utter", "verbalise", "verbalize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Talking (which includes non-verbal talking such as the use of sign-language) and #$MakingAnOralSound. The collection of actions generating utterances (c.f. #$Utterance-IBT) which are speech. Hence, #$Speaking normally includes only those utterances using some #$Language as a communication convention, unlike other utterances such as #$Booing and #$Cheering. It is also a #$SingleDoerAction - for events where two or more agents are involved in spoken communication, see #$SpokenCommunicating. NOTE that every Speaking includes some 'Pronouncing'; the quality or accent of the Speaking can be described by reifying a 'Pronouncing' and relating it to the Speaking. COSMO note: We include singing as a subtype of Speaking. As of version 0.3, not action of strictly prose speech is represented. SUMO: Any LinguisticGeneration which is also a Vocalizing, i.e. any LinguisticCommunication by a Human which involves his/her vocal cords. Includes verb sense 1 and part of verb sense 3 of 'speak' and sense 2 of 'talk'in WordNet: 1. (88) talk, speak, utter, mouth, verbalize, verbalise - (express in speech; 'She talks a lot of nonsense'; 'This depressed patient does not verbalize') 3. (23) speak, talk - (use language; 'the baby talks already'; 'the prisoner won't speak'; 'they speak a strange dialect') WN 'talk': 2. (26) talk, speak, utter, mouth, verbalize, verbalise - (express in speech; 'She talks a lot of nonsense'; 'This depressed patient does not verbalize') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationTransferPhysicalEvent, :MakingAnOralSound, :Narrating, :Talking, :Vocalizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pronouncing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ; owl:someValuesFrom :Speech ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Phrase ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AuditoryCommunication ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :SpeakingFluently :en "speak fluently" ; :eng "speaking fluently" ; :wnsense "eloquence1n", "fluency1n", "smoothness1n" ; :wordnet "eloquence", "fluency", "smoothness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpeakingFluently'' is the Action of a Person who is can easily speak and understand some natural language. This is for basic fluency, not for elegant speech. NOTE: 'eloquence' should be a subtype, more than just smooth - also expressive and impressive. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fluency' in WordNet: 1. eloquence, fluency, smoothness - (powerful and effective language; 'his eloquence attracted a large congregation'; 'fluency in spoken and written English is essential'; 'his oily smoothness concealed his guilt from the police') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, :SpokenCommunicating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NaturalLanguage ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :SpeakingTwoLanguagesFluently :en "fluent in languages", "speaking in two languages", "speaking two languages", "speaking two languages fluently" ; :wnsense "bilingualism1n" ; :wordnet "bilingualism" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpeakingFluently'' is the Action of a Person who is can easily speak and understand some natural language. This is for basic bilingual fluency, not for elegant speech. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpeakingFluently, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoLanguages ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :Spear :guid "c13f386e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "spear" ; :wnsense "lance1n", "shaft7n", "spear1n" ; :wordnet "lance", "shaft", "spear" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all spears. Instances of #$Spear consist of a long, slender shaft with a sharp point, designed to be thrown or otherwise launched at an adversary or target. NOTE: Cyc uses the more general parent of 'KineticEnergyPoweredDevice' rather than 'MusclePoweredDevice', but even if a spear can be launched with a separate launcher, it is *designed* to be used by hand, and that is the classification criterion used here. SUMO: A Weapon with a long handle and a short blade. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spear' in WordNet: 1. (1) spear, lance, shaft - (a long pointed rod used as a weapon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :HumanPoweredDevice, :LongAndThinThing, :PointyEndedObject, :PrimitiveWeapon, :Rod . :SpearheadingAnActivity :eng "spearheading" ; :wnsense "spearhead1v" ; :wordnet "spearhead" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpearheadingAnActivity'' is a type of ''Leading'' in which a Person is not just in charge of some Action, but takes initiative and expends much effort to start some new or different Activity asleader of a GroupOfPeople. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spearhead' in WordNet: 1. (1) spearhead - (be the leader of; 'She spearheaded the effort to find a cure for the disease') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leading . :Special :ldoce "special" ; :wnsense "special2adj" ; :wordnet "special" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Special' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing modified was created for some one purpose or situation rather than to serve the range of purposes common for things of that type. It is opposed to 'general'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'special' in WordNet: 2. (20) special - (for a special service or occasion; 'a special correspondent'; 'a special adviser to the committee'; 'had to get special permission for the event') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Special-Purpose :en "special-purpose" ; :enadj "special-purpose" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtifactObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :General-Purpose ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No WN sense for this. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Specific, :Useful . :SpecialRelativity :hasTopic :Mass, :Motion ; :wasCreatedBy :Einstein ; :wnsense "Einstein's theory of relativity1n", "relativity theory1n", "relativity1n", "theory of relativity1n" ; :wordnet "Einstein's theory of relativity", "relativity", "relativity theory", "theory of relativity" ; a :RelativityTheory ; rdfs:comment """Einstein's first theory of Relativity, in which every mass has an equivalent as a QuantityOfEnergy. E = mc^2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'relativity' in WordNet: 1. relativity, theory of relativity, relativity theory, Einstein's theory of relativity - ((physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts) """ . :Specialised :isAnAttributeValueOf :FieldOfStudy, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Specializing ; :isTheOppositeOf :General, :Versatile ; :wnsense "specialised2adj", "specialized2adj" ; :wordnet "specialised", "specialized" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Specialized'' is for some ''FieldOfStudy'' or Person who has focused study or practice in some narrow ''FieldOfStudy''. For the ''Device'' or ''Method'' use ''Specialized''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'specialised' in Wordnet: 2. (2) specialized, specialised - (marked by or characteristic of specialization in a mechanical or scientific subject; 'his specialized qualifications for the job'; 'all kinds of specialized technical books') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Specialist :ldoce "specialist" ; :wnsense "specialist1n", "specialist2n" ; :wordnet "specialist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Specialist' is a Person who is an Expert in some field and who practises one occupation almost exclusively. For the more specialised sense, of a specialist in some field of medicine, use 'MedicalSpecialist'. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'specialist' in WordNet: 1. (19) specialist, specializer, specialiser - - (an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning) 2. (1) specialist, medical specialist - - (practices one branch of medicine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert . :SpecializationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Specialization as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Specialized :isAnAttributeValueOf :Device, :Method ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Specializing ; :isTheOppositeOf :General ; :wnsense "specialised1adj", "specialized1adj" ; :wordnet "specialised", "specialized" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Specialized'' is for some ''Device'' or ''Method'' that has been developed for specific narrow uses or purposes, or for some ''FieldOfStudy'' or ''Person'' who has focused study or practice in some narrow ''FieldOfStudy''. For the Person or FieldOfStudy use ''Specialised''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'specialized' in Wordnet: 1. (6) specialized, specialised - (developed or designed for a special activity or function; 'a specialized tool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :SpecializedKnowledge :wnsense "expertise1n", "expertness1n", "specialisation2n", "specialization2n", "specialty3n" ; :wordnet "expertise", "expertness", "specialisation", "specialization", "specialty" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SpecializedKnowledge' is some body of Knowledge that pertains to a relatively narrow field in study. - relate to 'expertise'?? Corresponds roughly to noun sense 3 of 'specialty' and has some elements of noun sense 1 of 'expertise' in WordNet: 3. specialization, specialisation, specialty, speciality, specialism - (the special line of work you have adopted as your career; 'his specialization is gastroenterology') WN noun 'expertise': 1. (2) expertness, expertise - (skillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Specialised ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Specializing :en "become specialized", "specialising", "specializing" ; :wnsense "specialize1v", "specialize3v", "specialize4v" ; :wordnet "specialize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Specializing'' is a 'Reduction' in in some ''Scope'' that a Person deals with in some way - the Scope of Work that Person Performs (''OccupationalScope''), Scope of Products that an Agent makes or sells, (''ProductSpecialization''), or Scope of Topics that a Specialist studies or teaches, or a Researcher researces. This is the broadest sense, and various subtypes of ''Specializing'' can be differentiated. @mod57 Need 'specialized' Includes verb senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'specialize' in WordNet: 1. (3) specialize, specialise, narrow, narrow down - (become more special; 'We specialize in dried flowers') 3. (2) specialize, specialise - (suit to a special purpose; 'specialize one's research') 4. specialize, specialise - (devote oneself to a special area of work; 'She specializes in honey bees'; 'This plumber specialized in jacuzzis') WN noun 'specialization': 1. (2) specialization, specialisation - (the act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :SpecializationType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :ScopeType ] . :Species :wnsense "species1n" ; :wordnet "species" ; a :AgentType, :BiologicalSpecies, :GroupType, :LifeFormType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Species'' is a 'taxonomic group' that is labeled as a 'genus' and a 'species'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'species' in WordNet: 1. (27) species - ((biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :LifeFormType ] . :Specific :ldoce "particular" ; :wnsense "particular2adj", "specific1adj" ; :wordnet "particular", "specific" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Specific' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing modified was selected from a group of similar things to serve some purpose. Linguistically this sense is also signalled by the use of the word 'specifically': 'she was specifically interested in the red dress'. 'his specific concern was about the price'. 'she had a particular interest in nuclear physics'. The antonym of 'general'? RHW 'specific': 1. having a special application, bearing, or reference; specifying, explicit, or definite: to state one's specific purpose. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'particular' in WordNet; WordNet does not have an entry for 'specific' in this sense; it is assumed that sense 1 of 'specific' includes this sense: in WordNet: 2. (13) particular - (separate and distinct from others of the same group or category; 'interested in one particular artist'; 'a man who wishes to make a particular woman fall in love with him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Specifically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Particular, :Specific ; :wnsense "in particular1adv", "particularly1adv", "specifically1adv" ; :wordnet "in particular", "particularly", "specifically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Specifically'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify assertions to clarify the meaning by emphasizing some part of a group to which that assertion applies. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'specifically' in WordNet: 1. (13) specifically - (in distinction from others; 'a program specifically for teenagers'; 'he is interested specifically in poisonous snakes') WN adverb 'particularly': 1. (9) particularly, in particular - (specifically or especially distinguished from others; 'loves Bach, particularly his partitas'; 'recommended one book in particular'; 'trace major population movements for the Pueblo groups in particular') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner, :AdverbialModifier . :SpecificallyDependentContinuant :BFO "SpecificallyDependentContinuant" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpecificallyDependentContinuant'' is a specific BFO type that includes Attributes, Roles and Functions as subtypes. BFO: Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. BFO: Examples: the mass of a cloud, the smell of mozzarella, the liquidity of blood, the color of a tomato, the disposition of fish to decay, the role of being a doctor, the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc. BFO: Synonyms: property, trope, mode. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DependentContinuant . :SpecificallyDescribed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DescribingSpecifics ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unspecified ; :wnsense "specific2adj" ; :wordnet "specific" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - people, events, objects or situations - that have been described with sufficient ''Specificity'' that the meaning is clear. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'specific' in Wordnet: 2. (5) specific - (stated explicitly or in detail; 'needed a specific amount') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Specified . :Specification :wnsense "spec1n", "specification1n" ; :wordnet "spec", "specification" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A Specification is a broad category of intentionally created abstract informational artifacts whose purpose is to describe the desired structure or attributes of a thing or a series of steps that may be taken to construct a thing or to accomplish a goal or purpose. It is a mental object having ordered components,the order of which is designed to accomplish a purpose. The ordering may be spatial, temporal, or conceptual. The steps may be abstract things like computational events or game rules, or physical things such as in industrial processes. The format of a formatted document is a specification,i.e. it specifies how a document of that type is to be constructed. Likewise a grammar or computer program is a specification. A Specification may have an associated visual representation, which in COSMO is represented by the type 'Diagram' (an AbstractSymbolicObject). Subtypes of Specification include, among others, Procedure, Plan, Methodology, PlayScript, and MusicalComposition. This type is related to the actual actins that realize the Specifcation by the relation 'hasExecutionEvent' and its inverse 'isAnExecutionOf'. Every Specification has a creator (author) which may be a GroupOfPeople. A specification does not necessarily require that the steps be in sequence. If they must be in sequence, it can be for example a Procedure. This differs somewhat from the Cyc 'Specification': Cyc comment: A specialization of #$ConceptualWork. Each instance of #$Specification is an abstract work that constitutes a description of the properties of a #$Situation or a #$SomethingExisting, and sometimes even entire collections of such things. Things are made, bought, and searched for according to specifications, which can be instantiated as printed instructions or as diagrams. This collection is modally neutral with regard to the descriptive character of its instances. Thus, it includes descriptions of how things are, were, should be, must be, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'specification' in Wordnet: 1. (1) specification, spec - (a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Description, :PropositionalConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :SpecificationGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting exclusively of Specifications. Each Specification may in turn contain component specifications. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Specification ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SpecificationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """SpecificationType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for specifications (plays, plans, games) and an argument restriction for the isAnExecutionOf relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObjectType . :Specificity :wnsense "specificity1n" ; :wordnet "specificity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'specificity' in WordNet: 1. (7) specificity - (the quality of being specific rather than general; \"add a desirable note of specificity to the discussion\"; \"the specificity of the symptoms of the disease\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Particularity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Specific ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Specified :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DescribingSpecifics ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unspecified ; :wnsense "specified1adj" ; :wordnet "specified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - people, events, objects or situations - that have been specified in some communication act, and therefore can be identified by the audience. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'specified' in WordNet: 1. (8) specified - (clearly and explicitly stated; 'meals are at specified times') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Specimen :wnsense "specimen1n" ; :wordnet "specimen" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Specimen' is an ''Example'' of some Object or Substance whose properties are sufficiently representative of a type of thing that it is collected (i.e. is a ''FoundObject'') for investigation or exhibition. For a ''Specimen'' of biological tissue taken for analysis, use subtype ''ClinicalSpecimen''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'specimen' in WordNet: 1. (5) specimen - (an example regarded as typical of its class) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Example, :FoundObject, :PhysicalObject, :Role . :Speck :wnsense "speck2n" ; :wordnet "speck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TinyObject that is smaller than a 'Grain', solid and hard and not filimentous (a SolidObject so small it cannot be picked up with the fingers, and not distinctly visible, being less than 0.1 mm in diameter). A SpeckOfDust would be about the smallest such object. Smaller objects would get into the range typical of colloidal suspensions. A pollen 'grain' would be a subtype. For small but somewhat larger solid objects that are the components of a 'powder' use 'Grain' as in 'grain of sand'. Corresponds approximately to sense 2 of 'speck' in WordNet: 2. (1) atom, molecule, particle, corpuscle, mote, speck - ((nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, :TinyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Speckle :wnsense "speckle1n" ; :wordnet "speckle" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Speckle' is a ''Spot'' that is not wider than 1 cm. (Perhaps may apply to something larger - 1.5cm?) Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'spot' in WordNet: 4. (2) spot, speckle, dapple, patch, fleck, maculation - - (a small contrasting part of something; 'a bald spot'; 'a leopard's spots'; 'a patch of clouds'; 'patches of thin ice'; 'a fleck of red') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Speckled :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Speckles ; :isTheOppositeOf :SolidColored ; :wnsense "flecked1adj", "specked1n", "speckled1n", "stippled1adj" ; :wordnet "flecked", "specked", "speckled", "stippled" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of a surface (usually a flat surface that may be only a portion of an object) that has at least two and usually multiple 'Speckle''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'speckled' in WordNet: 1. (1) dotted, flecked, specked, speckled, stippled - (having a pattern of dots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spotted . :Speckles :en "speckles" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of ''Speckle''s on some surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Speckle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterPhysicalSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Speckling :eng "speckling" ; :wnsense "speckle2v" ; :wordnet "speckle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A'''Speckling'' is a subtype of 'SurfaceAttributeChange'' in which the Attribute added is ''Speckled''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'speckle' in WordNet: 2. speckle, bespeckle - (mark with small spots; 'speckle the wall with tiny yellow spots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speckled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Spectacle :wnsense "spectacle1n" ; :wordnet "spectacle" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spectacle' is a notable ''SalientEvent'' that affects some Person(s) and has been or is being viewed by some observer(s) (i.e. has a ''View'' as a subEvent) and produces an emotional reaction in the observer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spectacle' in WordNet: 1. (8) spectacle - (something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight); 'the tragic spectacle of cripples trying to escape') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SalientEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :View ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :FeelingType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ] . :Spectacular :isMoreIntenseThan :Impressive ; :wnsense "dramatic2adj", "spectacular1adj", "striking1adj" ; :wordnet "dramatic", "spectacular", "striking" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spectacular'' is more intense than 'Impressive', in creating a **very deep** impression. This usually implies 'large' in some sense, but the more literal sense of large and impressive is represented by ''Grand''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spectacular' in WordNet: 1. (4) dramatic, spectacular, striking - (sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect; 'a dramatic sunset'; 'a dramatic pause'; 'a spectacular display of northern lights'; 'it was a spectacular play'; 'his striking good looks always created a sensation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extraordinary, :Impressive, :Salient . :Spectroscopy :guid "bf3c2877-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spectrometry1n", "spectroscopic analysis1n", "spectroscopy1n" ; :wordnet "spectrometry", "spectroscopic analysis", "spectroscopy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This is the technique of analyzing the chemical composition of a substance by seeing what sort of spectrum of electromagnetic radiation is emits when stimulated. NOTE: ''Spectroscopy'' has several variants, depending on the kind of sample one is testing and the kind of data one hopes to get. This included determining both absorption and emission capabilities of samples of substance, whether in the visible, or the IR or UV ends of the visible spectrum, as well as measuring wave emission substance when heated or irradiated with other forms of radiation such as X-ray or gamma rays. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is included here, as it involves measuring a spectrum of EM radiation to determine chemical composition However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not a method for analyzing chemical composition nor is it a measurement of a 'spectrum', and is not included in this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spectroscopy' in WordNet: 1. (3) spectroscopy, spectrometry, spectroscopic analysis, spectrum analysis, spectrographic analysis - (the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyticalTest . :Spectrum :wnsense "spectrum2n" ; :wordnet "spectrum" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spectrum'' is an 'Array' of Objects each of which has a different value for some Attribute, which can be ordered in some manner (not necessarily quantitatively). This is a generic concept, but does not include ''ElectromagneticSpectrum'', represented as a a separate element. 1. (18) spectrum - (an ordered array of the components of an emission or wave) Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'spectrum' in WordNet: 2. (2) spectrum - (broad range of related values or qualities or ideas or activities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Array . :Speculative :isTheOppositeOf :Analytical ; :wnsense "notional2adj", "speculative1adj" ; :wordnet "notional", "speculative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Speculative'' is similar to ''Intuitive'' but may be more firmly based on some related experience, though not sufficient to provide a high-probability assertion about facts. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'speculative' in Wordnet: 2. (1) notional, speculative - (not based on fact or investigation; 'a notional figure of cost helps in determining production costs'; 'speculative knowledge') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mental, :PertainingAttributeValue . :Speech :guid "41a85618-5c96-11d6-8000-0001031bfeec" ; :ldoce "speech" ; :wnsense "speech3n", "utterance1n", "vocalization2n" ; :wordnet "speech", "utterance", "vocalization" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Speech' represents the **sounds** made by a Speaking event, but not the Action of speaking; this is the sound from any kind of speaking, not just a formal oration. This is not the activity of 'Speaking' (which see), but the sounds resulting from an instance of 'Speaking'. This is presumed to be done in Air, so the surrounding AirObject is affected. In Cyc called 'SpokenUtterance-IBT' Cyc: A specialization of #$Sound. Each instance of this collection is a sound initially generated by some #$Agent-Generic speaking or making some sound with his/her mouth (or other specifically sonic-information-conveying organ or device). Such sounds may or may not have propositional content -- that is -- instantiate some #$PropositionalInformationThing. If such a sound is recorded and played back, the sound generated is still considered an instance of #$SpokenUtterance-IBT. Note that only the sounds themselves are instances of this collection -- not the activities of making them. This collection is not a specialization of #$Action. (For that, see #$CommunicationAct-Single and its specializations.) An important specialization of this collection is #$AnimalUtterance-IBT. For the more formal 'speech' in which one person addresses and audience, use 'PublicSpeech'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'speech' and noun sense 1 of 'vocalization',and includes noun sense 1 of 'utterance' in WordNet: 3. (4) speech - - (something spoken; 'he could hear them uttering merry speeches') WN noun 'vocalization': 1. voice, vocalization, vocalisation, vocalism, phonation, vox - (the sound made by the vibration of vocal folds modified by the resonance of the vocal tract; 'a singer takes good care of his voice'; 'the giraffe cannot make any vocalizations') WN noun 'utterance': 1. (1) utterance, vocalization - (the use of uttered sounds for auditory communication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Artifact-Generic, :AudibleSound, :SoundInformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirObject ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ] . :SpeechDisorder :wnsense "defect of speech1n", "speech defect1n", "speech disorder1n" ; :wordnet "defect of speech", "speech defect", "speech disorder" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpeechDisorder'' is an ''UpsetCondition'' in which a Person who is fluent in a language still cannot speak with the normal rhythm and fluency of normal speakers of the language. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speech disorder' in WordNet: 1. speech disorder, speech defect, defect of speech - (a disorder of oral speech) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UpsetCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :SpeechOrgan :wnsense "organ of speech1n", "speech organ1n", "vocal organ1n" ; :wordnet "organ of speech", "speech organ", "vocal organ" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speech organ' in WordNet: 1. speech organ, vocal organ, organ of speech - (any of the organs involved in speech production) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan . :Speechless :wnsense "dumb2adj", "speechless1adj" ; :wordnet "dumb", "speechless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Speechless''' is the attribute of a Person who is unable to speak (usually very briefly) due to surprise or awe. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'speechless' in Wordnet: 2. speechless, dumb - (unable to speak temporarily; \"struck dumb\"; \"speechless with shock\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnableToSpeak . :Speed :ldoce "speed" ; :takesValue :SpeedMeasure ; :wnsense "speed1n" ; :wordnet "speed" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The term Speed is used in COSMO as an attribute type, not the measure. The measure that is the value of a 'Speed' is a subtype of SpeedMeasure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speed' in WordNet: 1. (25) speed, velocity - (distance travelled per unit time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute, :Rate . :SpeedMeasure :guid "bd5891b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "speed" ; :wnsense "speed1n", "velocity1n" ; :wordnet "speed", "velocity" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Equivalent to the Cyc 'Speed' and to the values returned by SUMO 'SpeedFn'. NOTE that in COSMO 'Speed' is the AttributeType, which takes values of SpeedMeasure. So in 'a speed of 60 mph' the term 'speed' is represented by 'Speed' and '60 mph' is an instance of 'SpeedMeasure'. Cyc: A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance of #$Speed is a rate of change in position (e.g., of a spatially localized thing, such as a physical object or a wave front). Instances of #$Speed include (#$MilesPerHour 65) and (#$Mach-UnitOfSpeed 2). In GML (Geography Markup Language), speed is described as 'Value of a speed, with its units. Uses the MeasureType with the restriction that the unit of measure referenced by uom must be suitable for a velocity, such as metres per second or miles per hour.' Wordnet does not distinguish between the attribute type 'Speed' and the actual value of the attribute. So both are labeled by sense 1 of 'speed'. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'speed' in WordNet: 1. (25) speed, velocity - (distance travelled per unit time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, :RateMeasure . :SpeedOfLight :hasFirstElement :metersPerSecond ; :hasQuantifier :N_299792458 ; :hasSecondElement :N_299792458 ; :hasUnit :metersPerSecond ; :isaLimitOnAttributeType :Speed ; a :Limit, :SpeedMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The speed of light in a vacuum, a fundamental constant of Nature: 186,282.397 miles per second or 299,792,458 meters per second (Wikipedia and NIST - http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c|search_for=all!). The definition of the meter is based on this number. NOTE: this number can be used to convert the ''Frequency' of an ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' to its ''Wavelength'' (in meters) by dividing this number by the Frequency'' in ''CyclesPerSecond''. """ . :SpeedOfSound :en "speed of sound" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpeedOfSound'' is the class of ''Speedmeasure''s that characterize the speed at which sound waves will travel in some medium at some temperature and pressure, which depends ont the medium and temperature and pressure. As aircraft flying in the atmosphere approach the ''SpeedOfSound'' they experience an increase in drag called the 'Sound barrier'. From Wikipedia: Speed of Sound The speed of sound is the distance traveled per unit time by a sound wave propagating through an elastic medium. In dry air at 20 deg C (68 deg F), the speed of sound is 343.2 metres per second, or a kilometre in 2.914 s or a mile in 4.689 s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpeedMeasure . :SpeedOverGround a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Speed Over Ground is a speed measure, measuring the rate at which an object's projected position on the ground travels over the Earth's surface. When used in Maritime environments, it is measured in nautical miles per hour. If an object such as an airplane is changing altitude, the SpeedOverGround will not be the same as its speed measured within its aerial track. Also, if an airplane is travelling in a wind, the SpeedOverground will not be the same as its air speed.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpeedMeasure . :SpeedingUpaVehicle :en "speed up" ; :wnsense "accelerate2v", "acceleration2n" ; :wordnet "accelerate", "acceleration" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which a ''Driver'' does something to cause a vehicle to accelerate - e.g. to step on the acelerator of an automobile, or move the speed control of an airplane or ship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'acceleration' in Wordnet ('increasing' parent is 'the act of . . . ' appears to be an intentional transitive meaning): in WordNet: 2. (2) acceleration, quickening, speedup - (the act of accelerating; increasing the speed) WN verb 'accelerate': 2. (1) accelerate, speed, speed up - (cause to move faster; 'He accelerated the car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AccelerationOfaVehicle ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrivingaRoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Speedometer :guid "be00ab31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "speed indicator1n", "speedometer1n" ; :wordnet "speed indicator", "speedometer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Device used to measure the speed at which one is travelling. This is for any ''Gauge'' that measures and displays the speed at which a vehicle is moving, relative to the ground for road vehicles, or relative to the air or the speed over ground for air vehicles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'speedometer' in WordNet: 1. speedometer, speed indicator - (a meter fixed to a vehicle that measures and displays its speed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gauge, :MeteringDevice . :Spell :ldoce "spell" ; :wnsense "enchantment2n", "spell1n", "trance1n" ; :wordnet "enchantment", "spell", "trance" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Spell' is a state of enchantment similar to one that can be caused by some magical enchantment action such as an incantation. This is used mostly as a fictional notion, but this includes the metaphorical mental state, represented by the subtype ''Jinx''. The properties attributed to spells are very diverse. In a 'Spell' a person may be trancelike or may look very normal, but behave somewhat differently than otherwise. In some cases, a person may be transfigured into and animal or teapot by a spell - there are no limits on what a Spell may do. This type includes ''Spell''s cast on both animate and inanimate things - in fiction, some 'CastingaSpell' actions may transform inanimate things. For ''Spell''s on ''IntentionalAgent''s use subtype ''Jinx''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spell' and sense 2 of 'enchantment' in WordNet. ('trance' would be a subtype, but is not yet (rev873) represented): in WordNet: 1. (4) enchantment, spell, trance - - (a psychological state induced by (or as if induced by) a magical incantation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CastingaSpell ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :Spelling a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Spelling' is the act of listing the letters that in sequence form a word, in their proper sequence, orally or in any other medium. This Action creates instances of AlphabeticalCharacters as well as the full WordString that those characters form. a 'Spelling' Action may create the string of a phrase, not just a single word. NOTE that Spelling is a 'LinguisticCommunication'; just spelling a word to oneself is not an instance; therefore a typing event, or writing event, even though it creates letters and words, is not an instance of 'Spelling' - there has to be an audience. NOTE: the oral and written 'spelling' should be differentiated. @ToDo. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'spell' in WordNet: 1. (2) spell, spell out - - (orally recite the letters of or give the spelling of; 'How do you spell this word?' 'We had to spell out our names for the police officer') 3. (1) spell, write - - (write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word); 'He spelled the word wrong in this letter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBOCreation, :LinguisticCommunication, :MakingaPhysicalObject, :UsingALanguage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :WordString ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AlphabeticalCharacter ] . :SpellingaWord :wnsense "spell3v" ; :wordnet "spell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''SpellingaWord'' is for the act of writing out (by any means or device) a ''Word'' using the letters in some phonetic writing system. This produces a ''written word', and may be done correctly or incorrectly - if the spelling does not conform to some accepted written form of the intended word, the resulting word is 'misspelled'. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'spell' in WordNet: 3. (1) spell, write - (write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word); 'He spelled the word wrong in this letter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WrittenWord ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CorrectSpelling ; owl:onProperty :mayProduce ] . :Spelunker :guid "eafdee6c-0ee3-41d7-9822-d91d69718a5b" ; :wnsense "potholer1n", "spelaeologist1n", "speleologist1n", "spelunker1n" ; :wordnet "potholer", "spelaeologist", "speleologist", "spelunker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all people who enjoy exploring caves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spelunker' in WordNet: 1. potholer, spelunker, speleologist, spelaeologist - (a person who explores caves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Explorer, :Hobbyist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spelunking ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Spelunking :guid "bd58be58-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cave2v", "spelunk1v" ; :wordnet "cave", "spelunk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Cave-exploring events. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spelunk' in WordNet: 1. cave, spelunk - (explore natural caves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :Exploring, :RecreationalActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationAboutaCave ; owl:onProperty :hasThingSought ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Cave ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnteringaCave ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :SpendingAllOfaMoneySupply :wnsense "spend3v" ; :wordnet "spend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of using all of a supply of Money - whether that 'supply' is all of one's money, or all of some available or allocated amount for some purpose. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'spend' in WordNet: 3. (3) spend - (spend completely; 'I spend my pocket money in two days') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExhaustingaSupply, :SpendingMoney . :SpendingMoney :guid "bd590a62-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "spend" ; :wnsense "disburse1v", "disbursement2n", "expending1n", "expenditure2n", "pay out1v", "spend2v", "spend3v", "spending1n" ; :wordnet "disburse", "disbursement", "expending", "expenditure", "pay out", "spend", "spending" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of using part or all of a supply of Money in some form of money transaction. This is a subtype of the action 'ConsumingSomething' in which the object of 'hadObjectModified' is some MoneyObject. An instance of this type does not necessarily require that all of one's available money be spent in the transaction; instances of spending all of one's available money will be instances of both this type and of 'ExhaustingaSupply' (the more restricted sense included as WordNet sense 3 of 'spend', which is not separately represented as of rev875 of COSMO). In Cyc labelled 'Spending' Cyc: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType. Each instance of #$Spending is an instance of #$MoneyTransfer whose #$fromPossessor has no intention of getting any of the money (#$moneyTransferred) back. Thus #$Spending is disjoint with #$Investing, #$Gambling, and #$BorrowingSomething. See the #$SharedNoteOnTheDifferenceBetweenPayingAndSpending. COSMO note: the thing spent is some quantity of Money, represented as a MoneyObject. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'spend' in WordNet: 2. (36) spend, expend, drop - - (pay out; 'spend money') 3. (3) spend - - (spend completely; 'I spend my pocket money in two days') WN verb 'disburse': 1. (1) disburse, pay out - (pay out) WN noun 'expenditure': 2. (3) expending, expenditure - (the act of spending money for goods or services) WN noun 'spending': 1. (1) spending, disbursement, disbursal, outlay -- (the act of spending or disbursing money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumingSomething, :MoneyTransaction, :MoneyTransfer, :PayingWithMoney, :TransferringOwnership, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expenditure ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :SpendingSpree :en "shopping spree" ; :enn "shopping spree" ; :wnsense "spending spree1n" ; :wordnet "spending spree" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SpendingSpree is a ''Spree'' in which a Person induges a whim by spending more money than is necessary or prudent, and performed in a short period of time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spending spree' in WordNet: 1. spending spree - (a brief period of extravagant spending) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailPurchase ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shopping ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MisspendingMoney ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Extravagant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SpendingTime :wnsense "pass10v", "spend1v" ; :wordnet "pass", "spend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpendingTime'' is an ''Action'' by an Animal that takes some interval of time. NOTE: although every action by an animal can be considered as ''spending time', This type would be used only for situations where there is a question of whether one ''Action'' rather than another is better or worse for some Agent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spend' in WordNet: 1. (99) spend, pass - (pass (time) in a specific way; 'How are you spending your summer vacation?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :PurposefulAction . :Spendthrift :wnsense "scattergood1n", "spend-all1n", "spender2n", "spendthrift1n" ; :wordnet "scattergood", "spend-all", "spender", "spendthrift" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spendthrift''is a ''Person'' who spends freely and may therefore save little money (unless s/he has a lot of it). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spendthrift' in WordNet: 1. spendthrift, spend-all, spender, scattergood - (someone who spends money prodigally) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Consumer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpendingMoney ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] ; owl:disjointWith :Cheapskate . :Spermatophyte :wnsense "phanerogam1n", "seed plant1n", "spermatophyte1n" ; :wordnet "phanerogam", "seed plant", "spermatophyte" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spermatophyte' in WordNet: 1. spermatophyte, phanerogam, seed plant - (plant that reproduces by means of seeds not spores) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VascularPlant . :Spermatozoon :wnsense "sperm cell1n", "sperm1n", "spermatozoan1n", "spermatozoon1n" ; :wordnet "sperm", "sperm cell", "spermatozoan", "spermatozoon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spermatozoon' in WordNet: 1. sperm, sperm cell, spermatozoon, spermatozoan - (the male reproductive cell; the male gamete; 'a sperm is mostly a nucleus surrounded by little other cellular material') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gamete . :Spewing :eng "spewing" ; :wnsense "eruct1v", "spew out1v", "spew2v" ; :wordnet "eruct", "spew", "spew out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'spew' in WordNet: 2. spew, spew out, eruct - (eject or send out in large quantities, also metaphorical; 'the volcano spews out molten rocks every day'; 'The editors of the paper spew out hostile articles about the Presidential candidate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :Sphere :guid "be00c09f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sphere5n", "sphere6n" ; :wordnet "sphere" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an abstract shape, not a physical object. It differs from a 'Spheroid' in being closer to a perfect sphere. Given the Cyc description, physical objects with this shape do not have to be perceptibly perfect spheres, since a baseball clearly is imperfect, the ridges being obvious. Exactly where the dividing line is between non-Sphere and Sphere is unclear. Thisincludes both a solid object with a spherical surface, as well as a spherical surface by itself. Cyc: A specialization of #$Spheroid (q.v.). Each instance of #$Sphere is a three-dimensional object where each of the points on the surface of the object is equidistant from the object's center. Examples include tangible objects such as squash balls, as well as abstract spheres. SUMO: The class of ThreeDimensionalFigures such that all GeometricPoints that make up the Sphere are equidistant from a single GeometricPoint, known as the center of the Sphere. Includes both senses 5 and 6 of 'sphere' in Wordnet: 5. sphere - (a solid figure bounded by a spherical surface (including the space it encloses)) 6. sphere - (a three-dimensional closed surface such that every point on the surface is equidistant from the center) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical . :Spherical :wnsense "ball-shaped1adj", "global2adj", "globose1adj", "globular1adj", "orbicular2adj", "spheric1adj", "spherical2adj" ; :wordnet "ball-shaped", "global", "globose", "globular", "orbicular", "spheric", "spherical" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Spherical' is the property of a three-dimensional object whose surface approximates a Sphere; if hollow, a plane that cuts the Object will create a cross-section that appears as a Circle; if solid, the section will appear as a disc. MPTE: same as 'Spheroidal'??? (In COSMO a subtype.) Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'spherical' in WordNet: 2. (1) ball-shaped, global, globose, globular, orbicular, spheric, spherical - (having the shape of a sphere or ball; 'a spherical object'; 'nearly orbicular in shape'; 'little globular houses like mud-wasp nests'- Zane Grey) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convex, :Round, :Spheroidal . :SphericalObject :wnsense "sphere2n", "sphere5n" ; :wordnet "sphere" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that is *approximately* in the shape of a sphere (spheroid), such as PlanetEarth or a baseball, or basketball, or billiard ball. @ToDo: The permitted deviation from true sphericity is not yet (rev 987) specified. Includes noun senses 2 and 5 of 'sphere' in WordNet: 2. (5) sphere - (any spherically shaped artifact) 5. sphere - (a solid figure bounded by a spherical surface (including the space it encloses)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :ConvexTangibleObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spherical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spheroidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sphere ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Spheroid :guid "cc29be1e-e6cd-41d6-8eed-98a95b650fc7" ; :wnsense "spheroid1n" ; :wordnet "spheroid" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Ellipsoid (q.v.). Each instance of #$Spheroid is an ellipsoid that is (at least) very nearly spherical in shape (see the specialization #$Sphere). The degree to which an ellipsoid may deviate from a perfect sphere and still qualify as a spheroid is difficult to specify precisely and partly depends on the context; but it seems correct in everyday contexts to consider (e.g.) #$PlanetEarth a spheroid and a jelly bean a mere ellipsoid. WordNet does not seems to have exactly the same sense as this type, since the gloss seems to indicate that a perfect 'sphere' would not be an instance (and 'sphere' is not a subtype in WN!!). The type ''Sphere'' is an included subtype of this type. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'spheroid' in Wordnet: 1. spheroid, ellipsoid of revolution - (a shape that is generated by rotating an ellipse around one of its axes; 'it looked like a sphere but on closer examination I saw it was really a spheroid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ellipsoid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spheroidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sphere ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Spheroidal :isTheShapeOfa :Spheroid ; :wnsense "spheroidal1adj" ; :wordnet "spheroidal" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a 3-dimensional round object all of whose planar cross-sections *approximate* or are identical to a circle or disc. NOTE: not identical to 'Spherical'??? The wordNet adjective 'spheroidal' appears to be conflated with 'ellpsoidal' - unclear why: in WordNet: 1. ellipsoid, ellipsoidal, spheroidal, non-circular - (in the form of an ellipse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convex, :Round, :ThreeDimensional . :Sphygmomanometer :guid "bd58e663-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sphygmomanometer1n" ; :wordnet "sphygmomanometer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all devices made to measure blood pressure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sphygmomanometer' in WordNet: 1. sphygmomanometer - (a pressure gauge for measuring blood pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalDevice, :PressureGauge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodPressure ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :Spice :guid "bd58cde1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spice1n", "spice2n" ; :wordnet "spice" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Seasonings used to add flavor to food. Do the 'preservatives' of WN sense 1 add flavor?? If not they are not included. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'spice' in Wordnet: 1. (1) spice - (aromatic substances of vegetable origin used as a preservative) 2. spice - (any of a variety of pungent aromatic vegetable substances used for flavoring food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodIngredientOnly, :VegetableMatter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpiceObject ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpiceTree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :SpiceObject :guid "bd58cde1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Plants or parts of plants from which we get Seasonings used to add flavor to food""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantBLO . :SpiceTree :wnsense "spice tree1n" ; :wordnet "spice tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spice tree' in WordNet: 1. spice tree - (tree bearing aromatic bark or berries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringTree, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spice ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Spicy :wnsense "spicy1adj" ; :wordnet "spicy" ; a :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Spicy tasting - of Food or FoodObjects. See also 'SpicyTasting' - redundant? @ToDo: decide. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spicy' , and includes (as an intensive subtype?) sense 9 of 'hot' (more specifically represented as 'Hot-Spicy') in WordNet: 1. piquant, savory, savoury, spicy, zesty - (having an agreeably pungent taste) WN adj 'hot': 9. hot - (being very spicy; 'hot salsa'; 'jalapeno peppers are very hot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteAttribute . :SpicyTastingFood :CYC "SpicyTaste" ; :guid "c5bb063e-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "spicy1adj" ; :wordnet "spicy" ; a :SubstanceType, :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'SpicyTaste' is CYC class for substances that taste 'Spicy'. For objects, use the attribute 'Spicy'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spicy' in WordNet: 1. piquant, savory, savoury, spicy, zesty - (having an agreeably pungent taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spicy ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Spider :guid "bd58c29d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spider1n" ; :wordnet "spider" ; a :AnimalType, :ArthropodType, :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Arachnid, typically has eight legs. The restriction on leg number should be for a typical Spider, but is placed here as a placeholder for more detail. Likewise, the restriction 'canCreate SpiderWeb' is for a typical spider. The sizes can vary greatly - hard to restrict. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spider' in Wordnet: 1. (1) spider - (predatory arachnid that usually has silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arachnid, :SmallObject, :VenomousAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EightLegs ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpiderWeb ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :SpiderHarmfulToHumans :en "venomous spider" ; :enn "venomous spider" ; :guid "667537b4-c9db-41d7-8aba-854662c3cdd7" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of spiders whose venom can be harmful to humans (e.g. #$BlackWidowSpider) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spider, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Venom ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :SpiderShaped :guid "be89fbef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spider-shaped1adj" ; :wordnet "spider-shaped" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc this was an Object, in COSMO it is an AttributeValue. Cyc: #$SpiderShaped is the instance of #$ShapeAttribute defined by the typical shape of a spider. COSMO note: to be recognizable as a spider, the eight legs should show in the silhouette, whether top or side view. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spider-shaped' in WordNet: 1. spider-shaped - (shaped in the form of a spider) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :SpiderWeb :en "web" ; :guid "bf870994-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isCreatedByAgentType :Spider ; :wnsense "spider web2n", "spider's web2n" ; :wordnet "spider web", "spider's web" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of webs woven by #$Spiders. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spider web' in WordNet: 2. spider web, spider's web - (a web spun by spiders to trap insect prey) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PhysicalWeb, :TrapDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spider ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Spiderman :en "Spiderman" ; :enn "Spiderman" ; :existsInContext :SpidermanComicsAndMovies ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaFiction ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :Man ; a :Superhero ; rdfs:comment """Can weave strong 'spider webs' rapidly with his own hands as well as doing remarkable things like clinging to buildings or ceilings.. """ . :SpidermanComicsAndMovies a :FictionalContext, :PossibleWorld . :Spike :wnsense "spike2n", "spike6n", "spike8n", "spiken" ; :wordnet "spike" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Fastener'' similar to a ''Nail'' but larger and thicker, used to hold large objects together. It is not necessarily cylindrical (i.e. not a ''Shaft''); for example railroad spikes have a rectangular cross-section. Usually made of metal, but possibly wood. Includes noun senses 2, 6, 7, and 8 of 'spike' in WordNet: 2. (1) spike - (sports equipment consisting of a sharp point on the sole of a shoe worn by athletes; 'spikes provide greater traction') 6. spike - (a sharp-pointed projection along the top of a fence or wall) 7. spike - (a long sharp-pointed implement (wood or metal)) 8. spike - (any holding device consisting of a sharp-pointed object) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :Fastener, :LongAndThinThing, :PointyEndedObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Spilling :en "spilling" ; :wnsense "slop1v", "spill1v", "splatter1v" ; :wordnet "slop", "spill", "splatter" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Unintentionally causing a liquid to fall from an open-top container. NOTE: this can be caused by a natural Event, such as rain into a stationary container (see subtype ''Runoff''), as well as the unintended motion of a container holding liquid.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spill' and verb sense 1 of 'slop' in WordNet: 1. (2) spill, slop, splatter - (cause or allow (a liquid substance) to run or flow from a container; 'spill the milk'; 'splatter water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, :LiquidMotion, :PropellingaFluid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unintended ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SpillingTheBeans :wnsense "babble out1v", "babble4v", "blab out1v", "blab1v", "let the cat out of the bag1v", "peach1v", "sing5v", "spill the beans1v", "talk5v", "tattle2v" ; :wordnet "babble", "babble out", "blab", "blab out", "let the cat out of the bag", "peach", "sing", "spill the beans", "talk", "tattle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpillingTheBeans'' is similar to ''DisclosingaSecret'' but the Action is not merely revealing *any* secret, the secret must be about an improper Action that some ''Person''(s) took, and it is performed under circumstances where some people involved are upset by the revelation. This type may be more specific than the WN gloss suggests - more general revelations can be represented by the parent type ''DisclosingaSecret''. The terms used here are mostly colloquial, and are often used by co-conspirators in the ''Wrongdoing'' disclosed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spill the beans' in WordNet: 1. spill the beans, let the cat out of the bag, talk, tattle, blab, peach, babble, sing, babble out, blab out - (divulge confidential information or secrets; 'Be careful-his secretary talks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisclosingaSecret, :Snitching, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrongdoing ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blabbermouth ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SpinOff :en "spin-off" ; :enn "spin-off" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpinOff'' is a ''ProductObject'' that is a ''Variant''(a modification or adaptation) of a previously produced ''ProductObject''. RHW 'spin-off': 2. any product that is an adaption, outgrowth, or development of another similar product: The paperback is a spin-off from the large hardcover encyclopedia. 3. a secondary or incidental product or effect derived from technological development in a somewhat unrelated area. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProductObject, :Variant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Modification ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Spinach :guid "bd5882b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spinach2n" ; :wordnet "spinach" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Spinach-Foodstuff: The green leafy vegetable. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spinach' in WordNet: 2. spinach - (dark green leaves; eaten cooked or raw in salads) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinachPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeepGreenColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :SpinachPlant :guid "c10094ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Spinacia oleracea1n", "prickly-seeded spinach1n", "spinach plant1n", "spinach1n" ; :wordnet "Spinacia oleracea", "prickly-seeded spinach", "spinach", "spinach plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The green leafy plant from which the food spinach is obtained. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spinach plant' in WordNet: 1. spinach, spinach plant, prickly-seeded spinach, Spinacia oleracea - (southwestern Asian plant widely cultivated for its succulent edible dark green leaves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :DicotSubclass, :HerbPlant, :Vegetable-Plant . :Spinal :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt :SpinalColumn ; :pertainsTo :SpinalColumn, :SpinalCord ; :wnsense "spinal1adj" ; :wordnet "spinal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spinal'' is an attribute pertaining to the spine (the ''SpinalColumn'') and adjacent locations. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spinal' in Wordnet: 1. spinal - (of or relating to the spine or spinal cord; 'spinal cord'; 'spinal injury') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyLocationAttribute, :PertainingAttributeValue . :SpinalAnesthesia :wnsense "spinal anaesthesia1n", "spinal anesthesia1n", "spinal1n" ; :wordnet "spinal", "spinal anaesthesia", "spinal anesthesia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpinalAnesthesia'' is an ''Anesthesia'' that causes a loss of sensation in the lower body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spinal anesthesia' in WordNet: 1. spinal anesthesia, spinal anaesthesia, spinal - (anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anesthesia, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anesthetic ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :SpinalColumn :guid "bd590512-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "back5n", "backbone3n", "rachis2n", "spinal column1n", "spine1n", "vertebral column1n" ; :wordnet "back", "backbone", "rachis", "spinal column", "spine", "vertebral column" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$SpinalColumn includes every #$Vertebra and the spinal discs. It provides the main support of the #$Torso and #$Head-Vertebrate. SUMO: A flexible column made out of bones called vertebrae. The main function of the SpinalColumn is to protect the spinal cord. Minimum of 5 vertebrae?? The vertebrea are LinearlyOrdered but expressing that would require creting a ''LinearlyOrderedgroup' of Bones, which probaly would have only one subtype. Worthwhile?. In COSMO that parent is reserved for soft tissue regions of some defined function, with recognizable boundaries.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spine' in WordNet: 1. (3) spinal column, vertebral column, spine, backbone, back, rachis - (the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; 'the fall broke his back') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoneStructure, :LongAndThinThing, :ProtectiveSystem, :SkeletalStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Back ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertebra ; owl:minCardinality "5"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertebra ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertebra ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertebrae ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinalCord ; owl:onProperty :hasThingProtected ] . :SpinalCord :guid "bd58e393-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :SpinalColumn ; :wnsense "medulla spinalis1n", "spinal cord1n" ; :wordnet "medulla spinalis", "spinal cord" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cord of nervous tissue that extends from the brain lengthwise along the back in the spinal canal. SUMO: A cord of nerves that carries impulses to and from the Brain. It is contained within the SpinalColumn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spinal cord' in Wordnet: 1. spinal cord, medulla spinalis - (a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain; a long tubelike structure extending from the base of the brain through the vertebral canal to the upper lumbar region) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :CordlikeObject, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :OrganicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Back ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinalColumn ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :SpineSpikeOrQuill a :OrganismPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any long, thin, rigid external projection from an organism large enough to be visible to humans. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismPart, :RigidObject, :StraightLongAndThinObject, :SurfaceSpike, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Organism ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Spinning :en "spinning" ; :ldoce "spin" ; :wnsense "spin1n", "spin1v" ; :wordnet "spin" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'Spinning' is a Rotation in which an Object completes more than one full 360 degrees rotation, quickly enough to be perceptible. The Spinning of the Earth is included, since its effects in the rising and setting of celestial objects are perceptible. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of noun sense 1 of 'spin' in WordNet: WN verb 'spin' 1. (12) spin, spin around, whirl, reel, gyrate - - (revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis; 'The dervishes whirl around and around without getting dizzy') WN noun 'spin': 2. spin, twirl, twist, twisting, whirl - - (the act of rotating rapidly; 'he gave the crank a spin'; 'it broke off after much twisting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultirevolutionRotation . :SpinningInaGravitationalField :en "spinning in a gravitational field" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpinningInaGravitationalField'' is a subtype of 'Spinning' in which the spinning body is in some ''GravitationalFieldRegion''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spinning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GravitationalFieldRegion ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Precession ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :SpinningObject :en "spinning object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PhysicalObject'' that is performing a ''Spinning'' motion; this has certain properties especially in a ''GravitationalField''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spinning ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :SpinningWheel :en "spinning-wheel" ; :wnsense "spinning wheel1n" ; :wordnet "spinning wheel" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpinningWheel'' is a ''TextileMachine'' that is designed to produce yarn or thread by spinning the raw material to produce a cord having intertwined fibers. Old fashioned, not used for commercial thread production. has a wheel and a spindle RHW: a device formerly used for spinning wool, flax, etc., into yarn or thread, consisting essentially of a single spindle driven by a large wheel operated by hand or foot. @ToDo: add spindle and treadle? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spinning wheel' in WordNet: 1. spinning wheel - (a small domestic spinning machine with a single spindle that is driven by hand or foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :TextileMachine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreadType ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wheel ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Spinster :wnsense "old maid1n", "spinster1n" ; :wordnet "old maid", "spinster" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spinster' in WordNet: 1. spinster, old maid - (an elderly unmarried woman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OldHuman, :Woman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NeverMarried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Old ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Spiny-finnedFish :wnsense "acanthopterygian1n", "spiny-finned fish1n" ; :wordnet "acanthopterygian", "spiny-finned fish" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spiny-finned fish' in WordNet: 1. spiny-finned fish, acanthopterygian - (a teleost fish with fins that are supported by sharp inflexible rays) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Teleost . :Spiral :wnsense "coiling1adj", "spiral1adj", "spiraling1adj", "turbinate2adj", "volute1adj", "voluted1adj", "whorled2adj" ; :wordnet "coiling", "spiral", "spiraling", "turbinate", "volute", "voluted", "whorled" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Spiral' is the generic property of a two or three-dimensional object that is long and thin like a line, and winds around a point to create two-dimensional shape like the plane spring of a watch, or winds around a linear axis to form a three-dimensional shape like the helix of a bedspring. This includes the subypes 'Helical' and 'Coiled'. NOTE: the WordNet 'spiral' adjective seems to include coiled like a watch spring. Corresponds approximately to part of adjective sense 1 of 'spiral' in WordNet: 1. coiling, helical, spiral, spiraling, volute, voluted, whorled, turbinate - (in the shape of a coil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Round . :SpiralObject :en "coiled" ; :guid "c0ad21c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coiled1adj", "coiling1adj", "spiral1adj" ; :wordnet "coiled", "coiling", "spiral" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing and #$RoundObject. This is the collection of all spiral-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$Spiral is a three-dimensional curve with one or more turns about an axis, as in the coiled spring of a wind-up clock. This is a parent class of both approximately planar objects (see subtype 'Coil') and for helices (see subtype 'Helix'). Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'spiral' in WordNet, this includes 2-dimensional objects (coils of a watch spring, grooves on a phonograph recrd) as well as helical, represened by the subtype ''HelicalOject'' in WordNet: 1. coiling, helical, spiral, spiraling, volute, voluted, whorled, turbinate - (in the shape of a coil) WN and close to sense 1 of 'coiled': 1. coiled - (curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals); 'a coiled snake ready to strike'; 'the rope lay coiled on the deck') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curve, :RoundObject, :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spiral ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Spirit :guid "112b93de-a271-41d7-8fe7-a8c82cf45d95" ; :ldoce "spirit" ; :wnsense "spirit1n", "spirit4n" ; :wordnet "spirit" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SupernaturalBeing that has no PhysicalObject for a body, though it might be visible and audible. Some supernatural creatures may have bodies (e.g. elves), in which case they are not clearly instances of this type. This type include free-living spirits such as Devils as well as the immaterial 'Soul' of people and (in some belief systems) animals, that persists after death. The actual existence of such entities is not a commitment of the ontology; the description merely specifies the meaning of the concept, which may exist only in the context of certain belief systems. Approximately the same as the Cyc 'Spirit-Intangible' Ctc: The collection of all intangible supernatural beings. A spirit may be incarnated in a tangible object such as an organism. An important specialization of this collection is #$Soul-Spiritual. Spirits are #$FictionalThings in #$RationalistMt. Includes senses 1 and 4 of 'spirit' in WordNet, but WN sense 1 suggests a more metaphorical interpretation, whereas this type is intended to be literally an immaterial entity, not just a mysterious property of some material entities. When entities have 'spirits' inhabiting them, the spirit does not die when the body does. in WordNet: 1. (45) spirit - - (the vital principle or animating force within living things) 4. (7) spirit, disembodied spirit - (any incorporeal supernatural being that can become visible (or audible) to human beings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupernaturalBeing . :SpiritWorld :wnsense "otherworld1n", "spirit world1n" ; :wordnet "otherworld", "spirit world" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpiritWorld'' can be any of various hypothetical or mystical or imaginary worlds outside of (but possibly interacting with) the RealWorld. This merges 'spirit world' and 'otherworld' in Wordnet. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'spirit world' and noun sense 1 of 'otherworld' in WordNet: 1. spirit world - (any imaginary place where spiritual beings (demons or fairies or angels or the like) abide; 'science has emptied the spirit world of its former inhabitants') WN noun 'otherworld': 1. otherworld - (an abstract spiritual world beyond earthly reality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Brain ] . :Spiritedness :wnsense "animation3n", "brio1n", "invigoration1n", "spiritedness1n", "vivification1n" ; :wordnet "animation", "brio", "invigoration", "spiritedness", "vivification" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spiritedness' in WordNet: 1. animation, spiritedness, invigoration, brio, vivification - (quality of being active or spirited or alive and vigorous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Activeness . :Spiritism :hasBeliever :Spiritists ; :hasTopic :SpiritsSurviveDeath ; a :Religion ; rdfs:comment """(ISO18025) Belief in the action and agency of spirits of the dead, producing mediumistic phenomena.""" . :Spiritists :believes :Spiritism ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ReligiousGroup . :SpiritsSurviveDeath :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Spirits_survive_death ; :hasTopic :ENG_Spirits_survive_death ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :Spiritual :contrastsWith :Earthly ; :pertainsTo :Religion, :Soul, :Spirit, :SpiritWorld, :SupernaturalBeing, :TheOccult ; :wnsense "nonnatural1adj", "otherworldly1adj", "preternatural2adj", "spiritual2adj", "spiritual3adj", "transcendent1adj", "transcendental1adj", "unearthly1adj" ; :wordnet "nonnatural", "otherworldly", "preternatural", "spiritual", "transcendent", "transcendental", "unearthly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spiritual'' is an AttributeValue broadly applied to things that relate to ''Spirit''s or the ''SpiritWorld'' Includes adjective senses 2, and 3 of 'spiritual' and sense1 of 'otherworldly' in WordNet: 2. (1) spiritual, unearthly - (concerned with or affecting the spirit or soul; 'a spiritual approach to life'; 'spiritual fulfillment'; 'spiritual values'; 'unearthly love') 3. (1) spiritual - (lacking material body or form or substance; 'spiritual beings'; 'the vital transcendental soul belonging to the spiritual realm'-Lewis Mumford) WN adjective 'otherworldly': 1. nonnatural, otherworldly, preternatural, transcendental - (existing outside of or not in accordance with nature; 'find transcendental motives for sublunary action'-Aldous Huxley) WN adj 'transcendent': 1. (2) transcendent - (beyond and outside the ordinary range of human experience or understanding; 'philosophers...often explicitly reject the notion of any transcendent reality beyond thought...and claim to be concerned only with thought itself...'- W.P.Alston; 'the unknowable mysteries of life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SpiritualIllumination :en "spiritual illumination" ; :enn "spiritual illumination" ; :wnsense "illumination1n", "light6n" ; :wordnet "illumination", "light" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'to see the light' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'illumination' in WordNet: 1. (2) light, illumination - (a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination; 'follow God's light') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awareness, :ObjectCondition, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spiritual ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :SpiritualMeditation :wnsense "contemplate3v", "meditate2v", "meditation2n", "study6v" ; :wordnet "contemplate", "meditate", "meditation", "study" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpiritualMeditation'' is a form of ''Meditating'' about issues having 'religious' significance in some respect, which may (especially in Eastern religions) include ''Introspection'' about one's own internal Feelings or behaviors or attributes. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'meditation' in WordNet: 2. meditation - ((religion) contemplation of spiritual matters (usually on religious or philosophical subjects)) WN verb 'meditate': 2. study, meditate, contemplate - (think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; 'He is meditating in his study') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meditating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousPerson ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Introspection ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousOrMoralBelief ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] ; owl:disjointWith :Reasoning . :SpiritualSong :wnsense "spiritual1n" ; :wordnet "spiritual" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpiritualSong'' is usually just called a 'spiritual' (noun). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spiritual' in WordNet: 1. (2) spiritual, Negro spiritual - (a kind of religious song originated by Blacks in the southern United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousSong . :Spirituality :wnsense "otherworldliness1n", "spiritism1n", "spiritualism3n", "spirituality2n" ; :wordnet "otherworldliness", "spiritism", "spiritualism", "spirituality" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spirituality'' is a type of ''Inwardness'' in which a Person is concerned with ''Spiritual' matters, especially of Religious or Ethical Feelings and concerns. This can be any kind of religion, whether theistic or not. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spirituality' in WordNet: 2. spirituality, spiritualism, spiritism, otherworldliness - (concern with things of the spirit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inwardness . :Spiritually :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Religious ; :wnsense "spiritually1adv" ; :wordnet "spiritually" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spititually'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies various types of things that could be characterized as ''Religious' or ''Spiritual''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'spiritually' in Wordnet: 1. (3) spiritually - (in a spiritual manner; 'the ninth century was the spiritually freest period') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Spirochete :guid "bd622b39-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spirochaete1n", "spirochete1n" ; :wordnet "spirochaete", "spirochete" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$SpirillaBacterium whose shape resembles that of a #$CorkScrew and which move via #$AxialFilaments. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spirochete' in WordNet: 1. spirochete, spirochaete - (parasitic or free-living bacteria; many pathogenic to humans and other animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eubacterium . :SpitBallPitch :eng "spitballing" ; :wnsense "spitball2n", "spitter2n" ; :wordnet "spitball", "spitter" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spitball' in WordNet: 2. spitball, spitter - (an illegal pitch in which a foreign substance (spit or Vaseline) is applied to the ball by the pitcher before he throws it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseballPitch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgainstSomeRule ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Spitball :wnsense "spitball1n" ; :wordnet "spitball" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spitball'' is a small ''MarbleSizedObject'' made of crumped paper and spit, rolled into a ball and thrown by hand, usually by children as a prank. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spitball' in WordNet: 1. spitball - (a projectile made by chewing a piece of paper and shaping it into a sphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :Projectile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paper ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saliva ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Spite :ldoce "spite" ; :wnsense "bitchiness1n", "cattiness1n", "malice1n", "maliciousness1n", "nastiness2n", "spite1n", "spite2n", "spitefulness1n", "venom2n" ; :wordnet "bitchiness", "cattiness", "malice", "maliciousness", "nastiness", "spite", "spitefulness", "venom" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A feeling of Hatred combined with an intention to cause some harm - often minor - to the person hated. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'spite' in WordNet: 1. (1) malice, maliciousness, spite, spitefulness, venom - - (feeling a need to see others suffer) 2. cattiness, bitchiness, spite, spitefulness, nastiness - - (malevolence by virtue of being malicious or spiteful or nasty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hatred, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Malicious ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Spitting :eng "expectorating", "spitting" ; :guid "c0f2b485-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cough out1v", "cough up2v", "expectorate2v", "ptyalise1v", "ptyalize1v", "spew1v", "spit out3v", "spit up2v", "spit1v", "spue1v" ; :wordnet "cough out", "cough up", "expectorate", "ptyalise", "ptyalize", "spew", "spit", "spit out", "spit up", "spue" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of acts of forcibly expelling saliva or other liquid from the mouth; expectorating. SUMO: Any instance of Impelling where the origin is the Mouth of the agent. Includes both intransitive and transitive senses of spitting; these can be distinguished, as in Wordnet. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spit' and verb sense 2 of 'expectorate' in WordNet: 1. (11) spit, ptyalize, ptyalise, spew, spue - (expel or eject (saliva or phlegm or sputum) from the mouth; 'The father of the victim spat at the alleged murderer') WN verb 'expectorate': 2. expectorate, cough up, cough out, spit up, spit out - (discharge (phlegm or sputum) from the lungs and out of the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent, :CastingSomething, :EmittingAnObject, :Impelling, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saliva ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ] . :SpittingImage :wnsense "spitting image1n" ; :wordnet "spitting image" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The term 'spitting image' is used as a quality and as an embodiment of the quality. 'Embodiment'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spitting image' in WordNet: 1. spitting image - (a perfect likeness or counterpart) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alikeness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SimilarLooking ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :SplashingSound :wnsense "plash1n", "splash1n" ; :wordnet "plash", "splash" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SplashingSound'' is the kind ofsound one hears when surf breaks on the shore of a large body of water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'splash' in WordNet: 1. (1) splash, plash - (the sound like water splashing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise . :SplashingWater :guid "bd58af6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "splash6n", "splash7v", "splashing2n" ; :wordnet "splash", "splashing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SplashingWater'' is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' in which the Object struck is some ''BodyOfWater'' CYC 'Splashing': The striking or pushing of a liquid in such a way as to make parts of it airborn. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'splash' in WordNet: 7. splash - (strike and dash about in a liquid; \"The boys splashed around in the pool\") WN noun 'splash': 6. splash, splashing - (the act of scattering water about haphazardly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrikingAnObjectEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :Splat :wnsense "splat1n" ; :wordnet "splat" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'splat' in WordNet: 1. splat - (a single splash; 'he heard a splat as it hit the floor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SplashingSound . :Spleen :guid "bd58e0c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spleen1n" ; :wordnet "spleen" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Stores blood, involved in final destruction of blood cells, and produces lymphocytes. SUMO: An Organ on the left side of the body that produces Cells that play a crucial role in immune response. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spleen' in Wordnet: 1. (3) spleen, lien - (a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalOrgan . :Splendid :isMoreIntenseThan :Beautiful ; :ldoce "splendid" ; :wnsense "glorious4adj", "resplendent1adj", "splendid1adj", "splendiferous1adj" ; :wordnet "glorious", "resplendent", "splendid", "splendiferous" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being both 'Beautiful'and 'Impressive' in some manner, applied to objects (but not to people as objects) or actions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'splendid' and sense 4 of 'glorious' in WordNet: 1. (7) glorious, resplendent, splendid, splendiferous - (having great beauty and splendor; 'a glorious spring morning'; 'a glorious sunset'; 'splendid costumes'; 'a kind of splendiferous native simplicity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beautiful, :Impressive . :Splicing :wnsense "splice1v", "splice4v" ; :wordnet "splice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Splicing'' is the act of bringing together and connecting two long and thin objects at the ends so as to make a longer object *of the same kind*. This includes splicing film or electrical wires, which need to be added as subtypes. Includes verb senses 1 and 4 of 'splice' in WordNet: 1. (1) splice - (join the ends of; 'splice film') 4. splice - (join by interweaving strands; 'Splice the wires') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Attaching, :Connecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FilamentlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FilamentlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Longer ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Splint :guid "c0fd47d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "splint2n" ; :wordnet "splint" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A stiff object which is used to give support to an injured joint or fractured bone. This is for longer rod-shaped splints. For joints?? For arm slings, use NOTe that a ''Splint'' needs some kind of ''Bandage'' to fasten it to the injured part. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'splint' in WordNet: 2. splint - (an orthopedic mechanical device used to immobilize and protect a part of the body (as a broken leg)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinObject, :MechanicalDevice, :MedicalDevice, :NonPoweredDevice, :RigidObject, :SomethingToWear, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FracturedBone ; owl:onProperty :supportsPartly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bandage ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :SplittingApart :guid "bd58940d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "break" ; :wnsense "break2v", "come apart2v", "fall apart4v", "separate8v", "split up4v" ; :wordnet "break", "come apart", "fall apart", "separate", "split up" ; a :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SplittingApart'' is a 'ComingApart' into at least two pieces of a brittle object, such as glass or ceramic, or a stiff wood that breaks cleanly. The breaking of a bone into two parts is also included. An appearance of a simple crack in an object is not an instance. This is an intransitive sense. This 'breaking' is due to externally applied force, and not from internal force, which is a 'Bursting'. For a splitting apart of a brittle object that causes separation into multiple piees, use subtype ''Shattering'. WN Cyc: Generic breaking events, in which some rigid WN tangible object gets broken. WordNet verb 'break' in WordNet: 2. (13) break, separate, split up, fall apart, come apart - (become separated into pieces or fragments; 'The figurine broke'; 'The freshly baked loaf fell apart') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakingEvent, :ComingApart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :BrittleObject ] . :SplittingInTwo :en "divide into two parts", "dividing in two", "splitting in two" ; :wnsense "split1v" ; :wordnet "split" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of *purposeful* separation events in which something splits apart, often at a seam (e.g. in an item of clothing), perforation, or grain-line (e.g. in a piece of wood). That is, two areas of the thing are separated from one another (though perhaps not separated completely into discrete pieces or parts). Usually, a splitting occurs along a single line or plane that runs parallel to, and for a significant distance relative to, the length of the thing split. In order to undergo a #$Splitting, the #$objectOfStateChange must be in a #$Solid-StateOfMatter. See also #$Cracking. This differs from ''Halving'' in that the object is a RigidObject, not a soft or granular or liquid object. NOTE: ''SplittingInTwo'' differs from the parent in that the number of resulting 'parts' are exactly two, and the Object is a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'halve' and *part* of verb sense 1 of 'split' (into two parts) in WordNet: 1. (6) halve - (divide by two; divide into halves; 'Halve the cake') WN verb 'split': 1. (4) divide, split, split up, separate, dissever, carve up - (separate into parts or portions; 'divide the cake into three equal parts'; 'The British carved up the Ottoman Empire after World War I') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HalvingSomething, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComingApart ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalPartOfObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RigidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Spoiled :isAnAttributeValueOf :Food ; :isTheOppositeOf :Fresh ; :wnsense "spoiled2adj" ; :wordnet "spoiled" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Spoiled' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes Food or FoodObjects that have undergone sufficient decomposition to be unsafe to eat. For food that has become stale but is still edible, use 'Stale' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spoiled' in WordNet: 2. bad, spoiled, spoilt - ((of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition; 'bad meat'; 'a refrigerator full of spoilt food') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Spoiling :guid "bd58c31e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "go bad2v", "spoil2v", "spoilage2n", "spoiling1n" ; :wordnet "go bad", "spoil", "spoilage", "spoiling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In a #$Spoiling event, an object deteriorates to the point that it is no longer suitable for its intended purpose (whether that purpose is natural or imposed). For example, spoiled food is food which has become inedible (either too unhealthy and/or too unappetizing to eat). Note that spoiled food might still be quite suitable for compost; being 'spoiled' is always relative to some intended use. The spoiling of food is the specific subtype ''\"SpoilingOfFood'', *NOT* for 'spoiling' children! Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'spoil' in WordNet: 2. (1) spoil, go bad - (become unfit for consumption or use; 'the meat must be eaten before it spoils') WN noun spoiling': 1. spoilage, spoiling - (the process of becoming spoiled) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decaying, :DeteriorationEvent, :WorseningEvent . :SpoilingOfFood :ldoce "spoil" ; :wnsense "spoil2v" ; :wordnet "spoil" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The decomposition of some 'FoodObject' to the point where it is not considered fit to eat. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'spoil' in WordNet: 2. (1) spoil, go bad - - (become unfit for consumption or use; 'the meat must be eaten before it spoils') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalDecompositionEvent, :Spoiling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ] . :SpoilingSomething :ldoce "spoil" ; :wnsense "spoil1v" ; :wordnet "spoil" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SpoilingSomething' is an action that failed to achieve its intended result, and in the process caused a situation where some desired action could not be performed. This is very general, and can apply to damage caused to some object, or to psychological changes that make some social interaction impossible, among other things. This includes 'spoiling' one's chances to do something. This sense differs from the parent 'Failing' in that a 'Failing' in general need not preclude succeeding on another attempt; this sense implies that some desired action cannot now be performed because of the Failing. NOTE that 'Failing' in general need not be unpleasant, as it may be a common and expected outcome of some type of effort. But 'SpoilingSomething' will be disappointing. For the sense of 'spoiling' a performance, the incorrect performance of part makes it impossible to correctly perform the whole - this then includes the sense in WN example:'the pianist screwed up the difficult passage in the second movement' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spoil' in WordNet: 1. (2) botch, bodge, bumble, fumble, botch up, muff, blow, flub, screw up, ball up, spoil, muck up, bungle, fluff, bollix, bollix up, bollocks, bollocks up, bobble, mishandle, louse up, foul up, mess up, fuck up - - (make a mess of, destroy or ruin; 'I botched the dinner and we had to eat out'; 'the pianist screwed up the difficult passage in the second movement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Failure, :MistakenAction, :UnpleasantEvent . :Spoke :wnsense "radius5n", "spoke1n", "wheel spoke1n" ; :wordnet "radius", "spoke", "wheel spoke" ; a :DeviceType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spoke'' is a ''Rod'' made of some rigid material, that connects the ''Hub'' and ''WheelRim'' of a ''Wheel''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spoke' in Wordnet: 1. (2) spoke, wheel spoke, radius - (support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rod, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wheel ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hub ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WheelRim ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HubAndRim ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToConnect ] . :Spoken :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Speaking ; :wnsense "spoken1adj" ; :wordnet "spoken" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spoken'' is the attribute of words that were produced by a ''Speaking'' action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spoken' in Wordnet: 1. (2) spoken - (uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination; 'a spoken message'; 'the spoken language'; 'a soft-spoken person'; 'sharp-spoken') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oral . :SpokenCommunicating :guid "bd589537-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "speech" ; :wnsense "language2n", "oral communication1n", "speech communication1n", "speech2n", "spoken communication1n", "spoken language1n", "voice communication1n" ; :wordnet "language", "oral communication", "speech", "speech communication", "spoken communication", "spoken language", "voice communication" ; a :ActionType, :LanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AudioCommunicating. Each instance of #$SpokenCommunicating is a transmission of sound-borne verbal information by spoken words between two or more agents (in this way #$SpokenCommunicating differs from #$Speaking, which is a #$SingleDoerAction). The communication may be one-way or two-way (or multi-way). Examples of #$SpokenCommunicating include a telephone conversation, a classroom discussion, and the #$GettysburgAddress-Speech. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'speech' in WordNet: 2. (7) speech, speech communication, spoken communication, spoken language, language, voice communication, oral communication - - ((language) communication by word of mouth; 'his speech was garbled'; 'he uttered harsh language'; 'he recorded the spoken language of the streets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudioCommunicating, :Speaking, :Talking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spoken ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SpokenWords :wnsense "words1n" ; :wordnet "words" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpokenWords'' is the type that represents the actual words that a Person has spoken. This can be used to quote what a perso has said, rather than summarize or provide an interpretation. This in essence takes an instance of ''SpokenCommunicating'' and breaks it down into the group of individual words used, in sequence. Those wods can be recobined to recover the phrases or the whole communication. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'words' in WordNet: 1. (55) words - (the words that are spoken; 'I listened to his words very closely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :SpokenCommunicating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Word ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Spokesperson :wnsense "representative2n", "spokesman1n", "spokesperson1n", "spokeswoman1n" ; :wordnet "representative", "spokesman", "spokesperson", "spokeswoman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spokesperson'' is a ''Proponent'' who performs the ''SupportingAction'' of communicating with the public to explain and defend the Person or cause that the ''Spokesperson'' supports. Includes 'spokesman' and 'spokeswoman' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spokesperson' in WordNet: 1. spokesperson, interpreter, representative, voice - (an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose; \"the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government\") WN 'spokesman: 1. (1) spokesman - (a male spokesperson) WN 'spokeswoman': 1. spokeswoman - (a female spokesperson) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Proponent, :Representative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepresentingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Sponge :wnsense "sponge4n" ; :wordnet "sponge" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ The natural referent for the fictional character 'Sponge Bob, Square Pants'. But the natural 'Sponge''s do not 'live in a pineapple' though they do live 'under the sea'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'sponge' in WordNet: 4. sponge, poriferan, parazoan - (primitive multicellular marine animal whose porous body is supported by a fibrous skeletal framework; usually occurs in sessile colonies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Invertebrate, :MarineOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sessile ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeaBed ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ] . :SpongeArtifact :wnsense "sponge1n" ; :wordnet "sponge" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpongeArtifact'' is an ''Absorbent'' ''SpongyObject'', used when saturated ''Soaked'') with water, for various purposes, such as absorbing liquids from surfaces or washing objects with soapy water. This can be made from the skeleton of a natural ''Sponge'' (an animal that lives in a stationary position under a body of SeaWater), or from a highly porous synthetic polymer. The natural sponge can be an added subtype when needed. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'sponge' (includes synthetic 'sponges') in WordNet: 1. (1) sponge - (a porous mass of interlacing fibers that forms the internal skeleton of various marine animals and is usable to absorb water or any porous rubber or cellulose product similarly used) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpongyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpongyStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absorbent ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :Spongy :wnsense "spongy1adj" ; :wordnet "spongy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of PhysicalObjects specifying solid substances or objects that can be compressed easily with moderate force, and will resume their original shape when the force is removed. The foam used in foam pillows is an instance. Some types of cake also have that property; the softer parts of flesh, such as where muscles are, have this property. This attribute is a subtype of 'Compressible' specifying a higher degree of compressibility (compressing to the same extent with less force). A cork stopper is compressible, but not spongy. A foam pillow is spongy. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spongy' in Wordnet: 1. (2) spongy, squashy, squishy, spongelike - (easily squashed; resembling a sponge in having soft porous texture and compressibility; 'spongy bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compressible, :Soft . :SpongyObject :en "spongy object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An Object that is Absorbent." ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spongy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absorbent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpongyStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SpongyStuff :wnsense "sponge1n" ; :wordnet "sponge" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substance that is 'spongy', i.e. compressible and recovers its original shape; it may also be Absorbent. NOTE: the WordNet does not distinguish between an object and the substance it is made of, so this WN synset is used to label both. This is the substance. For the porous 'sponge' used in cleaning surfaces, see ''SpongeArtifact''. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'sponge' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sponge - (a porous mass of interlacing fibers the forms the internal skeleton of various marine animals and usable to absorb water or any porous rubber or cellulose product similarly used) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spongy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sponsor :wnsense "patron3n", "sponsor1n", "sponsor2n" ; :wordnet "patron", "sponsor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sponsor'' is a ''Proponent'' (a 'Supporter'') of a Person in any of several ways - such as being one whose recommendations about providing positions to people are often accepted, or who provides direct financial assistance for a person to engage in activities (such as creating art). RHW definitions included here: 1 a person who vouches or is responsible for a person or thing. 3. a person who makes a pledge or promise on behalf of another. RHW sonms: 1. patron, backer; guarantor. includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'sponsor' in WordNet: 1. (4) patron, sponsor, supporter - (someone who supports or champions something) 2. presenter, sponsor - (an advocate who presents a person (as for an award or a degree or an introduction etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supporter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SponsoringaPerson ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :SponsoringaPerson :en "patronizing", "sponsoring" ; :wnsense "patronise2v", "patronize1v", "sponsor1v", "sponsorship1n" ; :wordnet "patronise", "patronize", "sponsor", "sponsorship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SponsoringaPerson'' is a broad class of Actions in which a Person or Organization provides some kind of support for a a person to perform some activities (other than political support, represented in ''SupportingaCause''. The support can be a recommendation for a person to get a job or position or to get financial spport, or to directly give that person financial support, The supported person gets some form of sponsorship, and the sponsoring agent is a ''Sponsor''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sponsor' and sense 1 of noun 'sponsorship' in WordNet: 1. (26) sponsor, patronize, patronise - (assume sponsorship of) WN noun 'sponsorship': 1. (3) sponsorship - (the act of sponsoring (either officially or financially)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :ShowingSupportForSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sponsor ] . :Spontaneous :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :PurposefulAction ; :wnsense "self-generated1adj", "spontaneous1adj" ; :wordnet "self-generated", "spontaneous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spontaneous'' is an Attribute of Events that are not directly caused by the actions of an Animal. RHW: 3. (of natural phenomena) arising from internal forces or causes; independent of external agencies; self-acting. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spontaneous' in Wordnet: 1. (8) spontaneous, self-generated - (happening or arising without apparent external cause; 'spontaneous laughter'; 'spontaneous combustion'; 'a spontaneous abortion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SpontaneousCombustion :wnsense "spontaneous combustion1n" ; :wordnet "spontaneous combustion" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpontaneousCombustion'' is a ''Fire'' in which something starts to burn without having been set on fire (i.e. was not caused by a ''SettingSomethingOnFire'').. This term 'Spontaneous Combustion' may be interpreted as the internal 'cause' of a Fire or as the initial phase. Here it represents the *whole* Event of a fire that was not set by a Person or some natural force such as ''\"LightningEvent'' or electrical short or volcanic activity. *IF* one wants to represent ''SpontaneousCombustion'' as the initial phase of a spontaneos Fire, a subtype of ''Ignition'' would be appropriate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spontaneous combustion' in WordNet: 1. spontaneous combustion - (ignition of a substance (as oily rags) resulting from an internal oxidation process) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spontaneous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :SettingSomethingOnFire . :Spontaneously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Spontaneous ; :wnsense "spontaneously1adv" ; :wordnet "spontaneously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'spontaneously' in Wordnet: 1. (2) spontaneously - (in a spontaneous manner; 'this shift occurs spontaneously') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Spoofing :eng "spoofing" ; :wnsense "burlesque1v", "parody2v", "spoof1v" ; :wordnet "burlesque", "parody", "spoof" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spoofing'' is a ''Mocking'' (mimicking) of Person in a humerous manner. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spoof' in WordNet: 1. spoof, burlesque, parody - (make a parody of; 'The students spoofed the teachers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imitating . :Spooking :wnsense "spook1v" ; :wordnet "spook" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a subtype of ''FrighteningEvent'' mostly used for things that can frighten ''NonHumanAnimal''s, but the term 'spook' may be applied to frightening people. Not clear if there is anything more specific to describe usage with people. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spook' in WordNet: 1. spook - (frighten or scare, and often provoke into a violent action; 'The noise spooked the horse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrighteningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fear ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RunningAway ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Spooky :en "spooky" ; :enadj "spooky" ; :pertainsTo :Ghost, :Phantom ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spooky'' pertains to a ''Ghost'' or ''Phantom'' that is a subSttribute of ''Ghostly'' characterizing things that are ''Eerie'' No WN sense for this. RHW 'spooky': like or befitting a spook or ghost; suggestive of spooks. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eerie, :Ghostly . :Spool :guid "c06583f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spool1n" ; :wordnet "spool" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the CYC gloss indicates that a Spool is designed to have a CordlikeObject wound around it, but this COSMO type includes Spools that are designed to have a SheetOfSomeStuff (like tape or plastic or aluminum wrap) wrapped around it as well. NOTE that the subtypes 'bobbin' and 'reel' mentioned in the WordNet gloss are specialized and should be represented separately. @ToDo CYC The set of cylinder shaped objects whose primary purpose is to have a #$CordlikeObject wound around them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spool' in WordNet: 1. bobbin, spool, reel - (a winder around which thread or tape or film or other flexible materials can be wound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WindingSomethingOntoaSpool ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :SpoolableObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any thin SolidObject that can be wound on a spool. Subtypes are 'SheetOfSomeStuff' and 'CordlikeObject' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject . :Spoon :guid "bd58f589-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "spoon" ; :wnsense "spoon1n" ; :wordnet "spoon" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An implement one can use for scooping or stirring. A Spoon used to carry food to the mouth is the subtype 'Spoon-EatingUtensil'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spoon' in WordNet: 1. (4) spoon - (a piece of cutlery with a shallow bowl-shaped container and a handle; used to stir or serve or take up food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodUtensil, :LiquidContainer . :Spoon-EatingUtensil :guid "bd58ddba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "spoon" ; :wnsense "spoon1n" ; :wordnet "spoon" ; a :EatingUtensilType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of eating implements often used to carry inherently messy, liquid or semi-liquid foods to the mouth. All instances of SpoonSilverwarePiece are instances of #$SilverwarePiece, but this is not true for all instances of Spoon. Corresponds only to part of noun sense 1 of 'spoon' in WordNet: 1. (4) spoon - (a piece of cutlery with a shallow bowl-shaped container and a handle; used to stir or serve or take up food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingUtensil, :Spoon . :Sporadic :wnsense "sporadic1adj" ; :wordnet "sporadic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sporadic' is an attribute having the general meaning of 'ocurring at irregular intervals'. This can modify assertions to assert that the Events described occur more than once, at some unspecified and varying intervals of time. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sporadic' in Wordnet: 1. (3) sporadic - (recurring in scattered and irregular or unpredictable instances; 'a city subjected to sporadic bombing raids') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recurring . :Sporadically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Sporadic ; :wnsense "sporadically1adv" ; :wordnet "sporadically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sporadically' is an adverb having the general meaning of 'ocurring at irregular intervals'. This can modify assertions to assert that the Events described occur more than once, at some unspecified and varying intervals of time. Corresponds to part of adverb sense 1 of 'periodically' in Wordnet: 1. sporadically, periodically - (in a sporadic manner; 'he only works sporadically') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Periodically . :Spore :wnsense "spore1n" ; :wordnet "spore" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single spore from spore-producing organism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spore' in WordNet: 1. (2) spore - (a small usually single-celled asexual reproductive body produced by many nonflowering plants and fungi and some bacteria and protozoans and that are capable of developing into a new individual without sexual fusion; 'a sexual spore is formed after the fusion of gametes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, :ReproductiveBody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :SporeFormerType ] . :SporeFormerType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SporeFormerType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of OrganismType that can serve as type for relations on spore-forming organisms generally. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismType . :SporeFormingBacterium :en "spore-forming bacterim" ; :enn "spore-forming bacterim" ; a :SporeFormerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SporeFormingBacterium'' is any Bacterium that can reproduce by forming spores. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium, :Heterotroph . :Sport :guid "c0fc922e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sport" ; :wnsense "athletic game1n", "sport1n" ; :wordnet "athletic game", "sport" ; a :GameType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all sports considered as abstract activities. See #$SportsEvent for events of engaging whole units of such sports and #$AthleticActivity for activity of the type engaged in while performing sports. Sports which are also games, are members of the collection #$SportsGame. The activity of participating in SPORT is an instance of (#$PlayingFn SPORT). SUMO: A Game which requires some degree of physical exertion from the participants of the game. COSMO note: In COSMO, 'Sport', a is not a subtype of 'Game' because some 'Sport''s are not competitions (see ''Acrobatics'') However, like 'Game' each ''Spot'' has some set of rules specifying the way the ''Sport'' is to be executed. The actual physical execution of a Sport is categorized as 'SportsEvent' Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 1 of 'sport' in WordNet; WN considers only athletics to be a sport, but competitive games such as chess or pool are also considered 'sport' by some (e.g. RHW sense 2 'diversion; recreation; pleasant pastime.') and *are* included here. in WordNet: 1. (11) sport, athletics - (an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition) WN noun 'athletic game': 1. athletic game - (a game involving athletic activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DevisedStructuredActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AthleticActivity ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :SportCourse :wnsense "course3n" ; :wordnet "course" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SportCourse'' is a flat ''PlotOfLand'' used for playing some sport. It could be of any size reasonable for a ''Facility''. This includes 'golf course' and 'race course' and 'race track'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'course' in WordNet: 3. (147) course - (facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport; 'the course had only nine holes'; 'the course was less than a mile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatObject, :PlotOfLand, :SportsFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SportsEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :SportType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """SportType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for specifications of sports (games) and an argument restriction for the isAnExecutionOf relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType, :SpecificationType . :Sporting :isAnAttributeValueOf :SportsEvent ; :pertainsTo :Sport, :SportsEquipment, :SportsEvent ; :wnsense "sporting2adj" ; :wordnet "sporting" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sporting' in Wordnet: 2. (3) sporting - (relating to or used in sports; 'sporting events'; 'sporting equipment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Sports :en "sports" ; :enadj "sports" ; :pertainsTo :Sport, :SportsArena, :SportsEquipment, :SportsEvent, :SportsFacility ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sports'' is an attribute that pertains to a ''Sport'' or ''SportsEquipment'' or ''SportsEvent'' or anything else that relates to ''Sport''. No WN sense for this. RHW adjective 'sports': 1. of or pertaining to a sport or sports, esp. of the open-air or athletic kind: a sports festival. 2. (of garments, equipment, etc.) suitable for use in open-air sports, or for outdoor or informal use. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SportsAction :en "sports action" ; :guid "bd5901ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A purposeful action in sports, commonly used and practiced." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SportsEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :SportsArena :wnsense "field house1n", "sports arena1n" ; :wordnet "field house", "sports arena" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a Building (includes a 'stadium') with lots of seats designed for viewing sports games. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sports arena' in WordNet: 1. (1) field house, sports arena - (a building for indoor sports) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :SportsFacility . :SportsClub :guid "bf8a218e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "club" ; :wnsense "club1n" ; :wordnet "club" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC this is part of 'Club-Organization'. Here it is broken uot separately. Q?? what's the difference between a 'SportsClub' and a 'SportsTeam'? CYC: The collection of all Clubs. Each element of #$Club-Organization involves a group of people (i.e. typically more than one) who share some common characteristic (e.g. profession, interest, experience) and participate through membership in the organization, usually meeting periodically. Includes sense 1 noun 'club' in WordNet: 1. (14) baseball club, ball club, club, nine - (a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together; 'each club played six home games with teams in its own division') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsOrganization . :SportsCoach :guid "bd58e568-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "coach1n", "handler3n", "manager2n" ; :wordnet "coach", "handler", "manager" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of persons who instruct or train athletes (individually or in teams) in the performance of some sport. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coach' in WordNet: 1. (20) coach, manager, handler - ((sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, :Teacher . :SportsCompetition :guid "bd58bffd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes both individual Games and a series of games. It is therefore a Group of ''SportsEvent''s and it includes the occasion of a single ''SportsEvent'' as a subtype. NOTE: this is for competitions in which only humans participate. For 'sports' involving animals (with or without people) use ''AnimalSportEvent''. The collection of #$Competitions consisting primarily of one or more #$SportsEvents. See its specializations #$SportsFormalCompetition and #$SportsEvent also.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :AthleticActivity, :Competition, :Event-Organized, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SportsEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SportsEquipment :guid "bd58e332-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sports equipment1n" ; :wordnet "sports equipment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Equipment, generally manufactured, which is used in the performance of some sport. This does not include playing fields, terrain (snow, turf), or other sports-related surroundings (like pool water). It does include skis, golf clubs, catcher's masks, bows and arrows, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sports equipment' in WordNet: 1. sports equipment - (equipment needed to participate in a particular sport) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device . :SportsEvent :guid "bd58f304-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "athletic competition1n", "athletic contest1n", "athletics2n" ; :wordnet "athletic competition", "athletic contest", "athletics" ; a :EventType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$GameEvent and #$SportsCompetition. Each instance of #$SportsEvent is an execution of a 'Sport', which is the set of rules describing how the game should be played. Each instance of SportsEvent is an entire sports competition at the end of which either a winner is declared or a draw is declared. For instance, an entire sandlot baseball game would be a #$SportsEvent, but the first inning of that game would not, since the first inning is a proper part of the game, and since neither a winner nor a draw is declared at the end of the first inning. Note that several #$SportsEvents can be organized into a #$SportsFormalCompetition (q.v.); for example, the 2001 World Series was a #$SportsFormalCompetition consisting of seven #$SportsEvents. Specializations of #$SportsEvent include #$BaseballGame, #$TennisMatch, and #$FootballGame-American. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'athletic contest' in WordNet: 1. athletic contest, athletic competition, athletics - (a contest between athletes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, :SportsCompetition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Sport :SportType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasure ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :SportsFacility :wnsense "athletic facility1n" ; :wordnet "athletic facility" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A specially designated and maintained facility where Sports are played. Note that this covers sports fields, stadiums, and gymnasiums. COSMO note: this does not have to be a full structure- it can be part of a structure. See subtype ''Gymnasium''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'athletic facility' in WordNet: 1. athletic facility - (a facility for athletic events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :SportType ] . :SportsFieldLine :wnsense "line20n" ; :wordnet "line" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SportsFieldLine'' is a ''Mark'' in the shape of a straight line, on the surface of an ''AthleticField'' that marks some portion or boundary of the field. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'line' in WordNet: 20. (1) line - (in games or sports; a mark indicating positions or bounds of the playing area) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LineOnaSurface, :Mark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AthleticField ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightLine ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :SportsGoalObject :wnsense "goal3n" ; :wordnet "goal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SportsGoalObject'' is a SolidObject' into or beyond which the players of one team try to propel some small propellable game device (ball, puck) to score a point (a 'goal'). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'goal' in WordNet: 3. (16) goal - (game equipment consisting of the place toward which players of a game try to advance a ball or puck in order to score points) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameArtifact, :GameEquipment, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GameEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AthleticField ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :SportsJudge :guid "bd589df8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """See the list of subtypes of ''SportsOfficial'' in the comment to that entry. CYC: The collection of official reviewers who produce the scores in JudgedSportsEvents, following complex rules and making aesthetic judgments about the quality of sports performances in those events. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SportsOfficial . :SportsLeague :guid "bd58dba7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "conference2n", "league1n" ; :wordnet "conference", "league" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SportsLeague'' as a Group of ''SportsTeam''s organized as an Association that organizes the play of games among the members. CYC: A collection of organizations. An element of #$SportsLeague is an organization of sports team organizations, specialized by sport. Important types of #$SportsLeague are #$MajorLeague, #$MinorLeague, and college sports league. In many cases, sports leagues are further specialized by region (continent, country, or region). Examples: #$NationalFootballLeague, #$NationalHockeyLeague, #$CentralDivision-NBA, #$NationalLeagueEast-Baseball. SUMO: An Organization whose members are SportsTeams and whose purpose is to set up games between its members. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'league' in WordNet: 1. (9) league, conference - (an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Association, :SportsOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SportsTeam ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :SportsOfficial :guid "bd589ebd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "official2n" ; :wordnet "official" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """People who enforce the rules of sports, such as Referee, Umpire, Linesmen, etc. In Wordnet this type has several subtypes: football official - (an official who enforces the rules at a football game) linesman - (official (in tennis, soccer, football, etc.) who assists the referee in some way (especially by watching for out of bounds or offside)) referee, ref - ((sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play) scorekeeper, scorer - (an official who records the score during the progress of a game) starter, dispatcher - (the official who signals the beginning of a race or competition) timekeeper, timer - ((sports) an official who keeps track of the time elapsed) umpire, ump - (an official at a baseball game) Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'official' in WordNet: 2. (3) official - (someone who administers the rules of a game or sport; 'the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjudicator, :PersonWithOccupation, :Professional-Adult . :SportsOrganization :guid "c08c3af7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$SportsOrganization is a specialization of #$EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization and #$ActivityTypeFocusGroup. Each instance of #$SportsOrganization is an organization whose main function is involved with #$SportsEvents.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentOrRecreationOrganization, :PrivateSectorOrganization . :SportsPenalizing :en "penalize" ; :guid "bd58ac44-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An action taken by a sports official to reprimand a competitor or player for a sports infraction. No WN sense specific for this. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Penalizing, :SportsAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :SportsOfficial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViolatingaSportsRule ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ] . :SportsPlay :en "sports play" ; :enn "sports play" ; :wnsense "maneuver3n", "play3n", "play4n" ; :wordnet "maneuver", "play" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Maneuver'' within a ''SportsEvent'' that can be referenced as a single completed Action, though it may have a number of component actions. A 'double play' in a ''BaseballGame'' or an 'ace' serve in tennis would be examples. Closest to noun sense 3 of 'manuever', and includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'play'in WordNet: 3. maneuver, manoeuvre, play - (a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill; 'he made a great maneuver'; 'the runner was out on a play by the shortstop') WN noun 'play': 3. (8) play - (a preset plan of action in team sports; 'the coach drew up the plays for her team') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :Maneuver, :Motion, :SportsAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SportsEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ; owl:someValuesFrom :GameEvent ] . :SportsRule :wnsense "rule9n" ; :wordnet "rule" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SportsRule'' is a ''RuleForBehavior'' created by a ''SportsOrganization'' to guide proper action during a ''SportsEvent'' NOTE that games like Chess and Checkers are also considered 'Sports' for this purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'rule' in WordNet: 9. rule - (directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; 'he knew the rules of chess') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RuleForBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SportsOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDefinedInContext ; owl:someValuesFrom :SportType ] . :SportsTeam :en "sports team" ; :enn "sports team" ; :guid "bd58b06c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SportsTeam'' is a ''Team'' organized to .compete with other teams in a ''SportsCompetition''. CYC: #$SportsTeam is specialization of #$Team and #$SportsOrganization. Each instance of #$SportsTeam is a group of people who regularly play on one team during (more-or-less frequent) team sports games. A sports team may be a commercial, professional team supported by a large full-time staff, or it may be semi-pro or amateur. Only #$Athletes are members of the team itself; staff would belong to a related team organization. Examples of #$SportsTeam include: #$PittsburghSteelers, #$PittsburghPirates, #$PittsburghPenguins. SUMO: A GroupOfPeople who habitually play a Sport together, either as an occupation or as a leisure activity. In WN there seems to be no synset for this concept, just for the specific types of sports teams. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competitor, :SportsOrganization, :Team, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaCompetitorInCompetition ; owl:someValuesFrom :SportType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeamSport ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Sportscaster :guid "c0fce836-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sports announcer1n", "sports commentator1n", "sportscaster1n" ; :wordnet "sports announcer", "sports commentator", "sportscaster" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a person who reads and/or reports the sports on a television or radio program. Includes those who describe the play-by-play (including the 'color' announcer), and one who only reports the scores. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sportscaster' in WordNet: 1. sports announcer, sportscaster, sports commentator - (an announcer who reads sports news or describes sporting events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Announcer, :MediaProfessional . :Sportsmanlike :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :SportsAction ; :wnsense "clean13adj", "sporting1adj", "sportsmanlike1n", "sporty1adj" ; :wordnet "clean", "sporting", "sportsmanlike", "sporty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sportsmanlike' in Wordnet: 1. clean, sporting, sporty, sportsmanlike - (exhibiting or calling for sportsmanship or fair play; 'a clean fight'; 'a sporting solution of the disagreement'; 'sportsmanlike conduct') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Spot :ldoce "spot" ; :wnsense "speckle1n", "spot4n" ; :wordnet "speckle", "spot" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Spot' is a 'Mark' (a contrasting region on a surface) that is relatively compact, not necessarily perfectly round, but not a line or combination of lines. For a Spot that is a blemish or a dirt spot or stain, see the subtypes under 'Blemish'. It can be 'seen' (if not obstructed), so is located on some ''OuterPhysicalSurface''. A small ''Spot'' (less than 1 cm wide) might be referred to as a ''Speckle'', which is included here but is also the more specific subtype ''Speckle''. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'spot' in WordNet: 4. (2) spot, speckle, dapple, patch, fleck, maculation - - (a small contrasting part of something; 'a bald spot'; 'a leopard's spots'; 'a patch of clouds'; 'patches of thin ice'; 'a fleck of red') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Round ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OuterPhysicalSurface ] . :SpotOfFreshPaint :en "spot of fresh paint" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpotOfFreshPaint'' is a quantity of Paint that may have the width of a few centimeters or smaller, spread more or less flat on some surface. This is used to represent the paint spots on an artist's ''Palette''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, :UncontainedLiquidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paint-undried ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Spotlight :wnsense "spotlight2n" ; :wordnet "spotlight" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An electric lighting device that emits a strong beam of light, that can be narrowly focused to highlight an object or area.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spotlight' in WordNet: 2. spotlight, spot - (a lamp that produces a strong beam of light to illuminate a restricted area; used to focus attention of a stage performer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalLightingDevice, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LightBeam ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Spotlighting :wnsense "spotlight2v" ; :wordnet "spotlight" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spotlighting'' is a ''Highlighting'' where the thing highlighted is a part of a PhysicalArea (indoor or outdoor), and the means is to increase the illumination of that area by pointing a spotlight on it. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'spotlight' in WordNet: 2. spotlight - (illuminate with a spotlight, as in the theater) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Highlighting, :IlluminatingSomethingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spotlight ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ] . :Spots :en "spots" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of ''Spot''s on some surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Spot ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OuterPhysicalSurface ] . :Spotted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Spots ; :isTheOppositeOf :SolidColored ; :wnsense "spotted1adj" ; :wordnet "spotted" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of a surface (including a human face) that has at least two and usually multiple ''Spots''. For red spots on a face, use subtype ''Freckled''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'spotted' in Wordnet: 1. patched, spotty, spotted, black-and-white - (having spots or patches (small areas of contrasting color or texture); 'a field patched with ice and snow'; 'the wall had a spotty speckled effect'; 'a black-and-white spotted cow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Patterned . :Spotting :en "catch sight of" ; :wnsense "descry1v", "espy1v", "spot1v", "spy1v" ; :wordnet "descry", "espy", "spot", "spy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spotting'' is a subtype of ''Seeing'' which is the brief Event during which a person *first* notices something visible, using the eyes (with or without the aid of opical devices).. This event may be involuntary. Having noticed something,the Person doing the ''Spotting'' may or may not continue seeing that object in an intentional ''Looking'' Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spot' in WordNet: 1. (18) descry, spot, espy, spy - (catch sight of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Observing, :Seeing . :Spouse :ldoce "partner" ; :wnsense "mate4n", "partner1n", "spouse1n" ; :wordnet "mate", "partner", "spouse" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of a Husband or Wife, or more generically, a 'DomesticPartner' who is in a legal 'marriage'. . In Cyc represented only as the relation 'spouse'. See 'hasSpouse' for the comparable COSMO relation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spouse', sense 1 of 'partner', and sense 4 of 'mate' in WordNet: WN 'partner' 1. (8) spouse, partner, married person, mate, better half - (a person's partner in marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DomesticPartner, :HumanRole, :ReciprocalRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSpouse ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Spout :guid "bd58dc52-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spout1n" ; :wordnet "spout" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spout'' is a small tubular ''FluidConduit'' that is attached to a portable ContainerArtfact (a kettle or teapot or watering can or similar liquid container from which the water is poured and which has a tubular form, not just a bottle neck) to allow controlling the direction of the stream of liquid contents toward some object when the container is tilted (partly inverted) thus pouring out some or all of the contents. On a ''TeaPot'' it may direct hot water or tea, on a ''WateringCan'' it directs Water toward a Plant to be tended. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'spout' (for liquids) in WordNet: 1. spout - (an opening that allows the passage of liquids or grain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Exit, :FluidConduit, :PhysicalPartOfObject, :Pipe-GenericConduit, :SimplePipe, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidContainer ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AqueousSolution ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PouringLiquidFromaContainer ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Spouting :guid "bd58ba32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Exhaling through a blowhole done by cetaceans. This ''Spouting'' is an exhaling by a cetacean (hwales, most saliently) that includes visible liquid in the exhaling that is done by blowing the air through the blowhole. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlowingAirFromLungs, :Spurting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cetacean ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Sprain :wnsense "sprain1n" ; :wordnet "sprain" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the Bodypart. Having a ''Sprain'' could be represented as a subtype of ''InjuryCondition'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sprain' in WordNet: 1. sprain - (a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrenchedBodyPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Painful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ligament ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :SprainingaBodyPart :wnsense "sprain1v" ; :wordnet "sprain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This represents both causing and suffering a ''Sprain''. RHW: 1. to overstrain or wrench (the ligaments of an ankle, wrist, or other joint) so as to injure without fracture or dislocation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sprain' in WordNet: 1. (1) twist, sprain, wrench, turn, wrick, rick - (twist suddenly so as to sprain; 'wrench one's ankle'; 'The wrestler twisted his shoulder'; 'the hikers sprained their ankles when they fell'; 'I turned my ankle and couldn't walk for several days') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :IncurringPhysicalDamage, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Ligament ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sprain ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Sprawling :wnsense "sprawling1adj", "straggling1adj", "straggly1adj" ; :wordnet "sprawling", "straggling", "straggly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Sprawling'' characterizes an ObjectGroup (of PhysicalObjects) that are arranged in a more disorderly manner than they could be, due usually to lack of care or attention. NOTE: the sense of 'sprawling' in 'sprawling settlements' or 'a sprawling suburb' is represented by ''WidelySpaced''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sprawling' in Wordnet: 1. sprawling, straggling, straggly - (spreading out carelessly (as if wandering) in different directions; 'sprawling handwriting'; 'straggling branches'; 'straggly hair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spaced . :SprawlingPosture :wnsense "sprawl1v" ; :wordnet "sprawl" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SprawlingPosture'' is a 'SittingEvent' in which a ''Person'' is (usually) sitting (or lying) with legs and often arms spread out rather than close to the body. NOTE: specifying that arms are not touching the Torso and the legs are not touching each other Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sprawl' in WordNet: 1. (8) sprawl - (sit or lie with one's limbs spread out) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Posture, :SittingOrLyingPosture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingObject ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :SprayGun :wnsense "spray gun1n" ; :wordnet "spray gun" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SprayGun'' is an ''Applicator'' used to apply paint to some surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spray gun' in WordNet: 1. spray gun - (an applicator resembling a gun for applying liquid substances (as paint) in the form of a spray) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Applicator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingPaint ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Spraying :en "spraying" ; :guid "c10b7325-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spray1v", "spray2v", "spraying3n" ; :wordnet "spray", "spraying" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Directing a #$FluidTangibleThing from one place to another by expelling it with force, rather than along a #$FluidConduit. However, typically, such a conduit is used to direct the fluid to the point where the #$Spraying begins. NOTE: ''spraying'' can be multidirectional or directed at some specific object or area, as in fighting a fire. SUMO: Any instance of Transfer of a Liquid which is accomplished by converting the Liquid into a mist. Includes transitive and intransitive senses 1 and 2 of verb 'spray' in Wordnet: 1. (3) spray - (be discharged in sprays of liquid; 'Water sprayed all over the floor') 2. (2) spray - (scatter in a mass or jet of droplets; 'spray water on someone'; 'spray paint on the wall') WN noun 'spraying': 3. spraying - (the application of a liquid in the form of small particles ejected from a sprayer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, :FluidFlow-Translation, :LiquidMotion, :PropellingaFluid, :SpreadingASubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :SprayingWater a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SprayingWater'' is Directing ''Water''. This is usually an intentional Action, but could be used to describe a natural process, or even an accidental spraying caused by e.g. a leak in a plumbing fixture. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spraying, :WaterMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :SprayingWaterDirectionally a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SprayingWaterDirectionally'' is intentionally Directing ''Water'' in a relatively narrow rather than broad stream, to direct it at some specific object or area, to make it or the ground around it wet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :SprayingWater, :Wetting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hose ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :Spread :wnsense "paste3n", "spread5n" ; :wordnet "paste", "spread" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'spread' in Wordnet: 5. spread, paste - (a tasty mixture to be spread on bread or crackers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment, :Paste, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spreadable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Spreadable :en "spreadable" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :SpreadingASubstance ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :SpreadingASubstance ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Spreadable is a physical attribute of substances that are viscous liquids, like paint, or very soft solids, like butter. When spread on a surface, they tend to stick even when the surface is tilted, rather than running off as would water or another non-visous liquid. These substances are often used by spreading with a brush or knife. The substance with this attribute run the range from viscous liquids to soft solids like butter or jam. There is no entry for 'spreadable' in WordNet. RHW 'spreadable': 'capable of being spread; easily spread: a soft, spreadable cheese' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemiSolid, :Viscous . :SpreadingASubstance :guid "bd589960-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "spread" ; :wnsense "spread10v", "spread3v", "spread7v", "spread9v" ; :wordnet "spread" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'SpreadingASubstance' is an Event in which some liquid or granular substance, or some number of similar objects that can be treated as a substance of course granularity, is distributed over some area, usually a surface. This type includes both active and passive senses of 'spread', but does not include 'distribute' in the sense of giving things to multiple people, nor does it include abstract objects such as information, nor spreading disease.. Cyc: The collection of events in which a substance (instance of an #$ExistingStuffType) is spread out over a volume or area. Important specializations of #$SpreadingASubstance are #$SpreadingStuffOntoSurface and #$SpreadingStuffOntoSurfaceWithTool. This is distinct from spreading out something like a blanket for which the event type #$SpreadingSheetOntoSurface should be used. Includes verb senses 3, 7, 9, and 10 of 'spread' in WordNet: 3. (5) spread, overspread - - (spread across or over; 'A big oil spot spread across the water') 7. (3) spread, scatter, spread out - - (strew or distribute over an area; 'He spread fertilizer over the lawn'; 'scatter cards across the table') 9. spread - - (cover by spreading something over; 'spread the bread with cheese') 10. spread - - (distribute over a surface in a layer; 'spread cheese on a piece of bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, :SpreadingThingsAround . :SpreadingOfaPathogen :en "metastatic spread", "spreading of a pathogen" ; :wnsense "invade4v", "invasion3n", "metastasis1n" ; :wordnet "invade", "invasion", "metastasis" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The diffusion of multiple pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells into and throughout some region of a host's body. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'invasion' in WordNet: 3. invasion - ((pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body; 'the tumor's invasion of surrounding structures') WN noun 'metastasis': 1. metastasis - (the spreading of a disease to another part of the body) WN verb 'invade': 4. invade - (penetrate or assault, in a harmful or injurious way; 'The cancer had invaded her lungs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diffusing, :Encroachment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infection ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cancer ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :PathogenType ] . :SpreadingThingsAround :wnsense "distribute2v", "spread1v", "spread7v" ; :wordnet "distribute", "spread" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SpreadingThingsAround'' is an Action in which an Agent takes an Object or substance and puts them or (for animals) causes them to move into different locations, whether by hand or by use of some Device, or (for people) by command or making the initial location unpleasant, or inadvertantly by shedding things in the course of moving or Action.. The ''ObjectGroup'' can be particles or droplets of some LiquidSubstance, so in the subtype ''SpreadingASubstance'' the patient of this Action can be viewed as a ''PhysicalSubstance'' (any instance of ''SubstanceType''). The final location of the objects spread out can be ordered as specified before the action, or (especially in the subtypes) randomly determined by a spraying or strewing Action. This can also be applied to 'spreading' knowledge or emotions. Coresponds to verb sense of 'spread' in WordNet: 1. (24) spread, distribute - (distribute or disperse widely; 'The invaders spread their language all over the country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer . :Spree :wnsense "fling2n", "spree1n", "spree1v" ; :wordnet "fling", "spree" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spree'' is an ''IndulgingaDesire'' Action that is performed without restraint. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spree' in WordNet: 1. (4) spree, fling - (a brief indulgence of your impulses) WN verb 'spree': 1. spree - (engage without restraint in an activity and indulge, as when shopping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndulgingaDesire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unrestrained ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoyable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sprightliness :wnsense "life7n", "liveliness2n", "spirit7n", "sprightliness1n" ; :wordnet "life", "liveliness", "spirit", "sprightliness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sprightliness' in WordNet: 1. liveliness, life, spirit, sprightliness - (animation and energy in action or expression; 'it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Activeness . :Spring-Device :guid "bd58e93f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "spring" ; :wnsense "spring3n" ; :wordnet "spring" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Spring-Device' may be in any of several shapes, but in all cases is intended to provide some force when compressed from its free position; springs on cars may be linear; in bedsprings may be helical; and in watches and other wind-up devices may be coiled. In any case there are fixed ends to provide flexible movement with some unstressed position to which it will tend to return by providing a force. Bed springs, springs in car suspensions, coiled springs in wind-up devices. For the coiled spring of a wind-up watch or toy, use 'CoiledSpring' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'spring' in WordNet: 3. (31) spring - (a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed; 'the spring was broken') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElasticObject, :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice . :Spring-WaterSource :guid "be011204-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaSourceOf :Water ; :wnsense "fountain2n", "natural spring1n", "spring2n" ; :wordnet "fountain", "natural spring", "spring" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$LandTopographicalFeature. Each instance of #$Spring-WaterSource is a place from which a small stream of fresh water flows. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spring' in WordNet: 2. (35) spring, fountain, outflow, outpouring, natural spring - (a natural flow of ground water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTopographicalFeature, :UsefulSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :SpringBreak :wnsense "spring break1n" ; :wordnet "spring break" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SpringBreak'' is a type of 'Recess' occurring in a school year in Spring. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spring break' in WordNet: 1. spring break - (a week or more of recess during the spring term at school) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRelaxingEvent, :Recess . :SpringSeason :guid "bd588b09-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the calendar season, occurring at different times in the Northern and Southern hemisphere. See ''CalendarSpring'' SUMO: The SeasonOfYear that begins at the spring equinox and ends at the summer solstice. Cyc: A specialization of#$SeasonOfYear. Each instance of #$SpringSeason is, in a temperate climate cycle (see #$TemperateClimateCycle), the time ice from the preceding Winter melts, the average temperature starts to increase, the days get longer, plants begin to put forth buds, etc. Note that #$SpringSeason represents the climatic aspects of spring; it is _not_ a specialization of #$CalendarSpring. For the collection of the purely temporal aspects of spring, see #$CalendarSpring. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeasonOfYear ; owl:disjointWith :FallSeason, :SummerSeason, :WinterSeason . :Sprinkler :guid "bd80ce50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sprinkler1n" ; :wordnet "sprinkler" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a generic water 'sprinkler' that includes the small type used for watering gardens and lawn, is well as the larger type of pipe mounted on wheels that is used for irrigating crops. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sprinkler' in WordNet: 1. sprinkler - (mechanical device that attaches to a garden hose for watering lawn or garden) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, :PlumbingFixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SprayingWater ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WateringPlants ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSupplySystem ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ] . :SprinklingStuff :en "scattering", "sprinkling" ; :wnsense "disperse1v", "scatter3v", "scatter4v", "scatter6v", "spread7v", "sprinkle1v" ; :wordnet "disperse", "scatter", "spread", "sprinkle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SprinklingStuff'' is the Action of ''Spreading'' a substance (granular or liquid) from a compacted form (lump, ball, containerfull, handful) onto the surface of an Object (including a land surface, compact or wide). Any surface portion of an Object may serve as the destination of the scattering, as for example if an object with sticky stuff on its surface is rotated while ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' is occurring above - so that the whole object may have the scattered stuff sticking to its surface. The verb 'sprinkle' can be used transitively, so this type requires an asertion of the Object that was sprinkled. This differs from ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' in that the substance scattered does not ultimately densely cover the surface it is sprinkled onto, and the substance in ''ScatteringGranularStuff'' cannot be liquid. This type should be used for sprinkling resulting in (relatively) widely separated parts of the starting substance. There probably will be some overlap with ''ScatteringGranularStuff''. Corresponds to part of verb senses 3,4, and 6 of 'scatter' (for granular materials, not liquids) in WordNet: 3. (2) scatter, sprinkle, dot, dust, disperse - (distribute loosely; 'He scattered gun powder under the wagon') 4. (1) scatter - (sow by scattering; 'scatter seeds') 6. spread, scatter, spread out - (strew or distribute over an area; 'He spread fertilizer over the lawn'; 'scatter cards across the table') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpreadingASubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :GenericAgent :Object :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :GranularSubstanceType ] . :Sprint :wnsense "dash2n", "sprint1n" ; :wordnet "dash", "sprint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A 'sprint' is a *part* (for ''Footrace''s) of noun sense 1 of 'sprint' in WordNet: 1. dash, sprint - (a quick run) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndividualSportsCompetition, :ShortDistanceFootRace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sprinter ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Sprinter :guid "bd58a885-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sprinter1n" ; :wordnet "sprinter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sprinter' in WordNet: 1. (2) sprinter - (someone who runs a short distance at top speed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Footracer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sprint ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Sprite :en "Sprite" ; :enn "Sprite" ; :guid "bd58b48d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of Sprite (a trademarked name). This is for the substance ''Sprite'' - the SodaPop. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SodaPop . :Sprout :wnsense "sprout1n" ; :wordnet "sprout" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sprout'' is a recently emerged Plant or part of a Plant (considered a 'plant organ' in WN) that is young and usually fragile. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sprout' in WordNet: 1. sprout - (any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Young ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Spruce :isDerivedFrom :SpruceTree ; :wnsense "spruce1n" ; :wordnet "spruce" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The substance spruce, a type of Wood, not a tree. As ''Lumber'' this type of substance must already have been cut from the tree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spruce' in WordNet: 1. spruce - (light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lumber, :OrganicSubstance, :Wood . :SpruceTree :en "spruce tree" ; :guid "be011bfa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spruce2n" ; :wordnet "spruce" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of spruce trees. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'spruce' in WordNet: 2. spruce - (any coniferous tree of the genus Picea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConiferousTree, :Tree . :Spur :wnsense "gad2n", "spur4n" ; :wordnet "gad", "spur" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spur'' is a small ''ProddingDevice'' attached to the heel of a ''Shoe' or ''Boot'' worn by a horse rider, used in riding horses, to 'spur' (prod) the Horse to move or to move faster. Seen in Cowboy movies (''WesternMovie''s) and depictions of a ''HorseRace''.. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'spur' in WordNet: 4. (1) spur, gad - (a sharp prod fixed to a rider's heel and used to urge a horse onward; 'cowboys know not to squat with their spurs on') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProddingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thrusting ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sharp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShoeOrBoot ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :Spurge :wnsense "spurge1n" ; :wordnet "spurge" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spurge' in WordNet: 1. spurge - (any of numerous plants of the genus Euphorbia; usually having milky often poisonous juice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush . :SpurningAnOffer :eng "spurning" ; :wnsense "disdain2v", "freeze off1v", "pooh-pooh2v", "reject4v", "scorn2v", "spurn1n", "turn down3v" ; :wordnet "disdain", "freeze off", "pooh-pooh", "reject", "scorn", "spurn", "turn down" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SpurningAnOffer'' is a 'DecliningAnOffer' NOTE: the logic of 'with contempt' here is represented as: 'hasSubEvent' - 'Contempt' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spurn' in WordNet: 1. (2) reject, spurn, freeze off, scorn, pooh-pooh, disdain, turn down - (reject with contempt; 'She spurned his advances') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refusing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Contempt ] . :SpurringAnActivity :wnsense "spur1v" ; :wordnet "spur" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SpurringAnActivity'' is an Action taken to encourage, incite, or stimulate some Activity by providing some form of support, whether moral or material. In addition to ''SpurringAnActivity'', the subtypes can include ''FundRaising'', ''FundingaProject'', ''FundingAnInsitution'', ''OfferingaReward'' and ''\"FundingAnInsitution''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spur' in WordNet: 1. (2) spur - (incite or stimulate; 'The Academy was formed to spur research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PromotingSomething, :ShowingSupportForSomething . :SpurringaHorse :wnsense "spur4v" ; :wordnet "spur" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spur' in WordNet: 4. (1) spur - (goad with spurs; 'the rider spurred his horse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoadingAnAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spur ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horse ; owl:onProperty :hadAnimalHandled ] . :Spurting :eng "spouting", "spurting" ; :wnsense "gush1v", "spirt1v", "spout1v", "spurt1v" ; :wordnet "gush", "spirt", "spout", "spurt" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Spurting'' is an ''IssuingForth'' in which the PhysicalObject (a ''LiquidObject'') which emerges comes out driven by some force and does not flow gently. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'spurt' in WordNet: 1. spurt, spirt, gush, spout - (gush forth in a sudden stream or jet; \"water gushed forth\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IssuingForth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidObject ] . :Spy :wnsense "spy1n", "undercover agent1n" ; :wordnet "spy", "undercover agent" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spy'' is a ''SecretAgent'' . Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'spy' in WordNet (this is for spies working for a government): in WordNet: 1. (3) spy, undercover agent - ((military) a secret agent hired by a state to obtain information about its enemies or by a business to obtain industrial secrets from competitors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SecretAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ] . :SpySatellite :guid "bdfce7db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spy satellite1n" ; :wordnet "spy satellite" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all artificial satellites (#$Satellite-Device) which are designed for collecting data for use by a #$GovernmentIntelligenceOrganization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spy satellite' in WordNet: 1. spy satellite - (a satellite with sensors to detect nuclear explosions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSatellite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :orbits ] . :Spyglass :wnsense "field glass1n", "glass4n", "spyglass1n" ; :wordnet "field glass", "glass", "spyglass" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Spyglass'' is a small ''RefractingTelescope'' that is held in the hand, used mostly to observe distant objects on the surface of the Earth,land or sea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'spyglass' in WordNet: 1. field glass, glass, spyglass - (a small refracting telescope) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandHeldObject, :PortableObject, :RefractingTelescope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Spying :eng "spying" ; :wnsense "espionage1n", "spy1v" ; :wordnet "espionage", "spy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Spying'' is ''Monitoring'' and an ''Investigation'' performed by a national security organization on targets outside the home country of that organization. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'spy' and noun sense 1 of 'espionage' in WordNet: 3. spy - (secretly collect sensitive or classified information; engage in espionage; 'spy for the Russians') WN noun 'espionage': 1. (1) espionage - (the systematic use of spies to get military or political secrets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Investigation, :Monitoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surreptitious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Squad-Military :wnsense "squad1n" ; :wordnet "squad" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Squad-Military is a Squad of soldiers, typically about 11 members, headed by a Sergeant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squad' in WordNet: 1. (8) squad - (a smallest army unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmyUnit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Company-Military ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ] . :Squadron-MilitaryEchelon :guid "225306f8-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "squadron1n", "squadron2n", "squadron3n" ; :wordnet "squadron" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Echelon and unit designation in both the United States Air Force and the United States Marine Corps. Includes noun senses 1, 2, adn 3 of 'squadron' in WordNet: 1. (1) squadron - (a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms) 2. (1) squadron - (an air force unit larger than a flight and smaller than a group) 3. squadron - (a naval unit that is detached from the fleet for a particular task) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ModernMilitaryOrganization . :SquanderingMoney :wnsense "consume3v", "squander2v", "ware1v", "waste6v" ; :wordnet "consume", "squander", "ware", "waste" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SquanderingMoney'' is a ''MisspendingMoney'' that s wasteful. For 'squandering' of resources other than Money, use ''SquanderingResources''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'squander' in WordNet: 2. consume, squander, waste, ware - (spend extravagantly; 'waste not, want not') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpendingMoney, :WastingSomething . :SquanderingResources :wnsense "blow8v", "squander1v", "waste1v" ; :wordnet "blow", "squander", "waste" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a ''WastingSomething'' of resources that are not necessarily money. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'squander' in WordNet: 1. waste, blow, squander - (spend thoughtlessly; throw away; 'He wasted his inheritance on his insincere friends'; 'You squandered the opportunity to get and advanced degree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WastingSomething . :Square :guid "bd58d455-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "square" ; :wnsense "square1n" ; :wordnet "square" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Rectangle, #$Rhombus, and #$RegularPolygon. This is the collection of all square-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. SUMO: Any Rectangle whose sides are all equal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'square' in WordNet: 1. (25) square, foursquare - ((geometry) a plane rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon; 'you can compute the area of a square if you know the length of its sides') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rectangle, :RegularPolygon, :Rhombus . :SquareBlade :en "square blade" ; :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade9n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :CuttingDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SquareBlade'' is a ''FlatBlade'' that is approximately 'square' - one dimension of the plane no more than twice the length of the other dimension - not long like a sword. Corresponds to part of 'blade' sense 9 (for cutting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatBlade, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SquarishRectangle ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :SquareMeter :wnsense "centare1n", "square meter1n", "square metre1n" ; :wordnet "centare", "square meter", "square metre" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SquareMeter represents a UnitOfMeasure equal to one square Meter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'square meter' in WordNet: 1. square meter, square metre, centare - (a centare is 1/100th of an are) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AreaMeasure . :SquareMile :wnsense "square mile1n" ; :wordnet "square mile" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SquareMile represents a UnitOfMeasure equal to one square Mile. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'square mile' in WordNet: 1. (5) square mile - (an area of 640 acres) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AreaMeasure . :SquareSheet a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any ''FreeSheet'' that is square in the two wider dimensions." ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreeSheet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Square ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Squarely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Direct ; :wnsense "square1adv", "squarely2adv" ; :wordnet "square", "squarely" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'squarely' in Wordnet: 2. (1) squarely, square - (in a straight direct way; 'looked him squarely in the eye'; 'ran square into me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :SquarishRectangle :en "squarish rectangle" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SquarishRectangle'' is a ''Rectangle'' with one of he two dimensions no greater than twice the length of the other dimension - i.e. a ratio of length/width that is 1.5 +/- 0.5. @@ToDo1531: This type needs more detailed decription of shapes to be properly expressed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rectangle . :SquashGame a :GameType, :RacquetGameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action that is an execution of a 'squash' game. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourtGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Racquet ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :SquashPlant :guid "bd653780-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "squash1n" ; :wordnet "squash" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a commonsense notion of squash, i.e. including pumpkins, but not cucumbers, Zucchini, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squash' in WordNet: 1. squash, squash vine - (any of numerous annual trailing plants of the genus Cucurbita grown for their fleshy edible fruits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GourdPlant . :Squatting :wnsense "crouch2v", "hunker down1v", "hunker1v", "scrunch up1v", "scrunch2v", "squat1v", "squat3n", "squatting2n" ; :wordnet "crouch", "hunker", "hunker down", "scrunch", "scrunch up", "squat", "squatting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this includes getting into a squat' and 'being in a squatting position'. The two should be distinguished. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'squat' in WordNet: 1. (8) squat, crouch, scrunch, scrunch up, hunker, hunker down - (sit on one's heels; 'In some cultures, the women give birth while squatting'; 'The children hunkered down to protect themselves from the sandstorm') WN noun 'squatting': 3. squat, squatting - (the act of assuming or maintaining a crouching position with the knees bent and the buttocks near the heels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SittingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SquattingExercise :wnsense "knee bend1n", "squat1n", "squatting1n" ; :wordnet "knee bend", "squat", "squatting" ; a :ActionType, :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SquattingExercise'' is form of ''Bodybuilding'' (''Strengthening'') in which a Person holds some weight(s) in the hands while crouching down and getting up, exercising the leg muscles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squatting' in WordNet: 1. (1) knee bend, squat, squatting - (exercising by repeatedly assuming a crouching position with the knees bent; strengthens the leg muscles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodybuildingAction, :ExercisingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leg ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreeWeight ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Squeaking :en "squeaking" ; :wnsense "squeak1n", "squeak1v" ; :wordnet "squeak" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Noise'' with a relatively high pitch such as one made by small animal (as mice) or (see subtype ''Creak'') created by objects moving against each other: unoiled door hinges, wood planks rubbing against one another (as in a floor or staircase) - ghosts in the attic??. The animal 'squeak' is usually of short duration, while the subtype 'Creaking' should be used to represent the (somewhat) more extended sounds of creaking doors or floorboards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squeak' and verb sense 1 of 'squeak' in Wordnet: 1. (1) squeak - (a short high-pitched noise; 'the squeak of shoes on powdery snow') WN verb 'squeak': 1. (3) squeak, screech, creak, screak, skreak - (make a high-pitched, screeching noise; 'The door creaked when I opened it slowly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighPitch ; owl:onProperty :hasFrequency ] . :Squeaky :isTheOppositeOf :Quiet ; :wnsense "screaky2adj", "screechy1adj", "squeaking1adj", "squeaky1adj", "squealing1adj" ; :wordnet "screaky", "screechy", "squeaking", "squeaky", "squealing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Squeaky'' is an AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects that create a high-pitched Sound during their operation or movement. Common examples: door hinges, cart wheels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squeaky' in WordNet: 1. (1) screaky, screechy, squeaking, squeaky, squealing - (having or making a high-pitched sound such as that made by a mouse or a rusty hinge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noisy . :SqueezeTube :guid "bd58835d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A flexible tube which dispenses a viscous substance when squeezed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :FlexibleObject, :ManufacturedGoods, :PackagingContainerProduct, :Tube, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SqueezingWithTheHand ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :SqueezingEvent :wnsense "press5v", "squeeze9v" ; :wordnet "press", "squeeze" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SqueezingEvent'' is a ForceTransmissionEvent in which a first object is touched on at least two sides by one or more other hard objects, such that the first object experiences forces on two or more sides that tend to compress the first object. This type includes applying a squeezing force, whether or not the object squeezed compresses in any way, or is merely held by the pressure applied - see ''HoldingOnToAnObject''. The degree of compression, if any, will depend on the hardness of the first object. This is often used in intentional actions to compress objects. The ''SqueezingEvent'' may be performed by two parts of a single object, such as fingers of a hand or analogous machinery. For hand squeezing See subtype ''SqueezingWithTheHand'' Corresponds to verb sense 9 of 'squeeze' and sense 5 of 'press' in WordNet: 9. compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract, press - (squeeze or press together; 'she compressed her lips'; 'the spasm contracted the muscle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingAPressure, :ForceTransmissionEvent . :SqueezingWithTheHand :wnsense "squeeze7v" ; :wordnet "squeeze" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SqueezingWithTheHand'' is a ''SqueezingEvent'' in which some object is squeezed between the fingers of a hand. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'squeeze' in WordNet: 7. pinch, squeeze, twinge, tweet, nip, twitch - (squeeze tightly between the fingers; 'He pinched her behind'; 'She squeezed the bottle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SqueezingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :Squid :guid "bd589204-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "squid2n" ; :wordnet "squid" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'squid' in WordNet: 2. squid - (widely distributed fast-moving ten-armed cephalopod mollusk having a long tapered body with triangular tail fins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cephalopod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TenTentacles ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :Squinting :wnsense "squint2n", "squint3v" ; :wordnet "squint" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Squinting'' is a ''Looking'' in which the eyes are partly closed. This can be for the purpose of reducing bright glare, or to improve the focus. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'squint' in WordNet: 3. squint - (partly close one's eyes, as when hit by direct blinding light; 'The driver squinted as the sun hit his windshield') WN noun 'squint': 2. squint - (the act of squinting; looking with the eyes partly closed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking . :Squirming :wnsense "squirm1v", "wriggle1v", "writhe1v" ; :wordnet "squirm", "wriggle", "writhe" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action series of moving the torso in more than one direction, without moving the location. Can be done standing, sitting, or lying down. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'squirm' in WordNet: 1. (3) writhe, wrestle, wriggle, worm, squirm, twist - (to move in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling); 'The prisoner writhed in discomfort'; 'The child tried to wriggle free from his aunt's embrace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VoluntaryBodyMovement . :Squirrel :guid "bd58e978-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "squirrel" ; :wnsense "squirrel1n" ; :wordnet "squirrel" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A tree-dwelling Rodent with a bushy tail. NOTE that WN includes 'chipmunk' asa a subtype though chipmunks do not usually dwell in trees. So this is the broad interpretation, which also includes the 'ground squirrel'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'squirrel' in WordNet: 1. (3) squirrel - (a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent, :Vermin . :Squirt :wnsense "jet2n", "spirt1n", "spurt1n", "squirt2n" ; :wordnet "jet", "spirt", "spurt", "squirt" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Squirt'' is the ''DischargedLiquid'' produced by a ''Squirting'' Event. NOTE: this is a ''MovingObject' produced by squirting, not the Action of that object moving. The WN gloss suggests that this should be an Event, but here is is the Object participating in a ''Motion'', not the Motion itself. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'squirt' in WordNet: 2. jet, squirt, spurt, spirt - (the occurrence of a sudden discharge (as of liquid)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DischargedLiquid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Squirting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Squirting :wnsense "eject4v", "force out6v", "squeeze out6v", "squirt1v" ; :wordnet "eject", "force out", "squeeze out", "squirt" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Squirting'' is propelling a fluid (usually water or aqueous solution) in a narrow stream. Some devices may be capable of ''Spraying'' as well as ''Squirting'', depending on the way a control element is adjusted. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'squirt' in WordNet: 1. (1) squirt, force out, squeeze out, eject - (cause to come out in a squirt; 'the boy squirted water at his little sister') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DischargingaLiquid, :FluidFlow-Translation, :PropellingaFluid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Squirt ] . :SriLanka a :Country . a :Country . a :Country . :StabWound :en "knife wound", "stab wound" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StabWound'' is a 'Wound'' caused by ''Stabbing''. No special WN sense for this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cut, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stabbing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Stabbed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Stabbing ; :wnsense "stabbed1adj" ; :wordnet "stabbed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stabbed'' is the AttributeValue of an Animal that was the object of a ''Stabbing''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stabbed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) stabbed - (pierced with a pointed weapon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injured . :Stabbing :wnsense "knife thrust1n", "knife1v", "stab1v", "stab2n", "thrust2n" ; :wordnet "knife", "knife thrust", "stab", "thrust" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stabbing'' is the ''PurposefulAction'' of inserting a Knife (or other pointy-ended weapon such as a scissors) into an Animal with the intention of killing or creating a ''Wound''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stab' in WordNet: 1. (1) knife, stab - (use a knife on; 'The victim was knifed to death') WN noun stab': 2. (1) stab, thrust, knife thrust - (a strong blow with a knife or other sharp pointed instrument; 'one strong stab to the heart killed him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PenetratingOuterLayerOfBLO, :PurposefulAction, :Wounding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StabWound ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knife ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stabbed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Stability :takesValue :StabilityValue ; :wnsense "constancy1n", "stability1n" ; :wordnet "constancy", "stability" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each AttributeValue of the Stability Type is a Tendency (which see) to participate in some Event or FunctionalProcess, under certain conditions. The Stability of some Objects, such as organic tissues from organisms, can depend in a sensitive manner on temperature (frozen? boiled?), on the presence of potentially degrading microorganisms (irradiated? pasteurized?) and on the method of preparation (germ-free to start with?). Other things, like mountains, may be assumed to be stable in the sense of staying put for very long periods of time, regardless of the activities of animals, wind, and weather. Large building are of intermediate stability, tending to be in the same place from year to year but occasionally being torn down by people, tornadoes, or earthquakes. This AttributeType will be important for resolving issues related to the Frame Problem, i.e. if a condition exists now, is it likely to exist ten minutes, one day, or one month from now? In practical reasoning this issue is critically important, but because of its complexity has been often ignored in small reasoning systems. This generic AttributeType and its associated AttributeValues can be used to address the problem of predicting the relations of situations across time interval. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'stability' and sense 1 of 'constancy' in Wordnet: 1. (6) stability, stableness - (the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast) 3. constancy, stability - (the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation; 'early mariners relied on the constancy of the trade winds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :StabilityValue a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each StabilityValue describes a different expectation for how long an entity may be expected to last as an identifiable instance of its type.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :Stabilizing :wnsense "stabilisation2n", "stabilization1n", "stabilize1v", "stabilize3v" ; :wordnet "stabilisation", "stabilization", "stabilize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'stabilize' is the transitive sense including includes attributes, actions, and objects. The intransitive sense is represented by ''BecomingStable''. This type is intended to be broad and include any action on a thing (Object, Social situation) that hinders or prevents a change of any kind. NOTE: the various types of change that can happen will generally have different means of preventing and ''Stabilizing'', and in order to be distinguished will need more specific subtypes of this type (e.g. subtypes ''BracingAnObject'' and ''StabilizingaVessel''). The WN glosses seem to mix the different types, so all are included here. Includes verb sense 1 of 'stabilize' in WordNet: 1. (2) stabilize, stabilise - (make stable and keep from fluctuating or put into an equilibrium; 'The drug stabilized her blood pressure'; 'stabilize prices') WN noun 'stabilization': 1. (2) stabilization, stabilisation - (the act of stabilizing something or making it more stable; 'he worked for price stabilization for farm products'; 'wage stabilization is necessary for industrial peace'; 'stabilization means that the product can be handled under atmospheric conditions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stable ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingStable ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Destabilizing ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :StabilizingaVessel :wnsense "stabilisation1n", "stabilization2n" ; :wordnet "stabilisation", "stabilization" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StabilizingaVessel'' to prevent it from capsizing can be accomplished by adding ballast to the hold, or by moving things from the deck to the hold, or by throwing heavy objects overboard (jettisoning), among other tactics. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stabilization' in WordNet: 2. stabilization, stabilisation - (the act of making something (as a vessel or aircraft) less likely to overturn) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stabilizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capsizing ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Vessel :Aircraft :TransportationDeviceType ) ] ] . :Stable :isTheOppositeOf :Unstable ; :wnsense "stable1adj", "stable2adj", "stable3adj", "stable4adj", "steady3adj" ; :wordnet "stable", "steady" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Tendency of an object or substance to continue without perceptible change for more than a few hours, in the Earth's gravitational field, an normal temperatures (10-30 deg. C).. Longer degrees of persistence will have attributes or tendencies that are subtypes of this Type, representing the higher levels of stability. This Attribute is very general, modifying Objects or Processes; for the sense of 'stable' modifying attributes, use 'Static' See also 'Stationary' for things not moving. See also ''Unstable'' for further interpretation of the opposite tendency. @ToDo: subtypes (particularly for substances) may be recognizable, but the WordNet senses are otherwise difficult to differentiate logically. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'stable' in WordNet: 1. (6) stable - (resistant to change of position or condition; 'a stable ladder'; 'a stable peace'; 'a stable relationship'; 'stable prices') 2. (2) stable - (firm and dependable; subject to little fluctuation; 'the economy is stable') 3. stable - (not taking part readily in chemical change) 4. stable - (maintaining equilibrium) WN adj 'steady': 3. steady - (securely in position; not shaky; 'held the ladder steady') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistingForHours . :StableGear :wnsense "stable gear1n" ; :wordnet "stable gear" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''StableGear'' is an item designed to be used on (e.g. worn on) or to control a horse or DraftAnimal. Sadddles harnesses, yokes. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'stable gear' in Wordnet: 1. stable gear, saddlery, tack - (gear for a horse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :NonPoweredDevice, :WearableItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quadruped ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quadruped ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :StableStall :wnsense "stall1n" ; :wordnet "stall" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StableStall'' is a ''Compartment'' in a ''FarmStable'' for keeping one Horse (or other quadruped) \"shelter Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stall' in WordNet: 1. (10) stall - (a compartment in a stable where a single animal is confined and fed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compartment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FarmStable ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ] . :Stack :wnsense "stack1n" ; :wordnet "stack" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pile of objects in which each object other than the top object supports one object in the pile. This is a single linear array of objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stack' in WordNet: 1. (2) stack - (an orderly pile) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrangement, :Pile, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VerticallyOrdered ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stadium :wnsense "amphitheater2n", "amphitheatre2n", "arena2n", "arena3n", "arena4n", "bowl5n", "coliseum1n", "sports stadium1n", "stadium1n" ; :wordnet "amphitheater", "amphitheatre", "arena", "bowl", "coliseum", "sports stadium", "stadium" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stadium'' is a ''SportsFacility'' that has an open space (a 'field') for playing a game, and seats (it is a ''SeatedAssemblyConstruct'') around the field for spectators. The WordNet gloss says 'open air' but this type includes indoor facilities,and the 'field' can be the floor of a construction (as in a basketball court). A ''Stadium'' can be used for events other than sporting contests or games (e.g. music concerts or plotical assemblies). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stadium' in WordNet: 1. (2) stadium, bowl, arena, sports stadium - (a large structure for open-air sports or entertainments) WN noun 'arena': 2. arena - (the central area of an ancient Roman amphitheater where contests and spectacles were held; especially an area that was strewn with sand) 4. arena, scene of action - (a playing field where sports events take place) WN noun 'amphitheater': 2. amphitheater, amphitheatre, coliseum - (an oval large stadium with tiers of seats; an arena in which contests and spectacles are held) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticField, :ContainerArtifact, :SeatedAssemblyConstruct, :SportsFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SportsEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Staff :wnsense "staff3n" ; :wordnet "staff" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A strong and rigid ''Stick'' used to support a Person or as a weapon. It is long and thin. NOTE: this is not necessarily a simple Rod - a ''Crutch'' is a subtype. RHW sense 6: a stick, pole, or rod for aid in walking or climbing, for use as a weapon, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'staff' in WordNet: 3. (5) staff - (a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose; 'he walked with the help of a wooden staff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MobilityAid, :Stick, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tough ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Staffer :wnsense "staff member1n", "staffer1n" ; :wordnet "staff member", "staffer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'staffer' in WordNet: 1. staff member, staffer - (an employee who is a member of a staff of workers (especially a member of the staff that works for the President of the United States)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AssistingaManager ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EmployedStaff ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :StaffingAnOrganization :eng "staffing" ; :wnsense "staff1v" ; :wordnet "staff" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StaffingAnOrganization'' is a Group of ''FillingaPosition'' Actions in some Person or GrupOfPeople are assigned to some Group of ''EmploymentPosition''s in some Organization. This can be a filling of as few as one ''Position'' in an Organization. A sentence that describes 'filling' some ''Position'' with some ''Employee'' has the ''Position'' as the direct object for this type of ''Action''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'staff' in WordNet: 1. (4) staff - (provide with staff; 'This position is not always staffed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :FillingaPosition ] . :StagDeer :wnsense "buck5n", "stag2n" ; :wordnet "buck", "stag" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The *typical* adult male of some Deer species. Atypical stags are not included. This is here to specify that such typical adults have antlers; but they have antlers only in the winter, so that character must be asserted of the subtype 'AntleredStag', which is also a typical adult. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stag' and noun sense 5 of 'buck' in WordNet: 2. stag - (adult male deer) WN noun 'buck': 5. buck - (mature male of various mammals (especially deer or antelope)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deer, :MaleAnimal, :TypicalAdultAnimal . :StageForIndoorPerformances :guid "bd58b94a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Part of a public building where performances (e.g some entertainment performances, religious ceremonies, etc) take place. A stage is the entire space between its floor and its ceiling, and should include the lighting, stage supports (if any), etc. Some stages are simply a raised portion of the #$FloorInAConstruction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpaceInAFixedHOC, :StageForPerformances . :StageForPerformances :guid "be010bd9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stage3n" ; :wordnet "stage" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A stage- usually a raised platform on which people can perform for an audience. This can be an indoor or outdoor stage. A ''StageForPerformances'' is not necessarily a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'' - it could be a 'theater in the round'' with the audience on all sides. A typical stage at one end of a room is represented by the subtype ''EndOfRoomStage''. NOTE that this is just the supporting Platform perhaps with some structural components. This includes parts of a stage such as 'stage right or 'stage left'. For the whole 'Set' see ''StageOrSet'' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stage' in WordNet: 3. (205) stage - (a large platform on which people can stand and can be seen by an audience; \"he clambered up onto the stage and got the actors to help him into the box\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :Platform, :ViewingStage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EntertainmentPerformance ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :StageOfDevelopment :ldoce "stage" ; :wnsense "degree2n", "level3n", "point4n", "stage2n" ; :wordnet "degree", "level", "point", "stage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Stage' is a ''PersistentEvent'' that occurs in an ''EventSeries'' and is in the time interval of an ''EventSeriesPhase''. This is *not* the 'TimePeriod' 'stage' or 'phase' of a Process that occurs in steps. COSMO note: in COSMO a 'BiologicalDevelopmentEvent' is an Event during which some change in the form of an organism occurs; a 'LifeStage' is a TimeInterval during the lifetime of an Organism (or other object) when the form is relatively stable, except perhaps for growth in size. A 'StageOfDevelopment' is an AttributeType whose instances are Attributes categorizing the LifeStage (TimeInterval). None of these three types are related by subsumption in either direction to any of the other two. NOTE: the term 'degree' seems different from the other three terms in the WN synset, as pertaining to a 'degree' of some IntensiveAttributeValue rather than a process. The examples in the RHW give more detail of this meaning. Perhaps there should be a separate entry for this? RHW 'degree': 2. a stage or point in or as if in progression or retrogression: We followed the degrees of her recovery with joy. 3. a stage in a scale of intensity or amount: a high degree of mastery. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'level' in WordNet: 3. (130) degree, level, stage, point - (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; 'a remarkable degree of frankness'; 'at what stage are the social sciences?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EventSeries ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EventSeriesPhase ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :StageOrSet :ldoce "set" ; :wnsense "set4n" ; :wordnet "set" ; a :GroupType, :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'StageOrSet' is the 'SetOfObjects' consisting of a 'StageForPerformances' plus the background scenery and 'Prop's that represents the location of some Action in a theatrical production, whether for the live stage or for a movie, indoors or outdoors. This can be a stage in a theater, or a movie set, as a sound stage in a building in a movie production company. This cannot be merely a stage on which some oral talk or presentation is given, but must contain some objects intended to suggest some type of location, or some specific location, where the represented action is occurring. This does not include an outdoor setting where a movie is filmed, as it requires a 'StageForPerformances' as one of the set of objects included. To instantiate this type, at least one 'Prop' must be specified. As a 'SceneOfEvent' each instance of 'StageOrSet' must specify the Event that is intended to occur there. But this can be an EventType, such as 'Performance of Shakespeares Othello'. Includes noun sense 4 of 'set' and part of sense 3 of 'stage' (having some kind of scenery or props to suggest a location) in WordNet: 4. (3) stage set, set - (representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used to identify the location of a dramatic production; 'the sets were meticulously authentic') WN noun 'stage': 3. (205) stage - (a large platform on which people can stand and can be seen by an audience; 'he clambered up onto the stage and got the actors to help him into the box') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationStore, :RepresentationObject, :SceneOfEvent, :SetOfObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DramaticPerformance ; owl:onProperty :typicallyIsTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StageForPerformances ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :StageProp ] . :StageProp :en "stage prop" ; :enn "stage prop" ; :ldoce "prop", "property" ; :wnsense "prop2n", "property5n" ; :wordnet "prop", "property" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PortableObject used or intended to be used in a DramaticPerformance. As in Sense 8 of 'property' in RHW: Also called prop. a usually movable item, other than costumes or scenery, used on the set of a theater production, motion picture, etc.; any object handled or used by an actor in a performance. NOTE that this is a Role for artifact objects, and an artifact does not become a 'Prop' unless it is designated as for some 'StageOrSet' (in some interval of time). Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'prop' and sense 5 of 'property' in WordNet: 2. property, prop - (any movable articles or objects used on the set of a play or movie; 'before every scene he ran down his checklist of props') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :PortableObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :StageOrSet ] . :StageScenery :wnsense "scene10n", "scenery1n" ; :wordnet "scene", "scenery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This can be one picture - the Backdrop - or several Objects with images rendered on them. The ''StageScenery'' 'sets the stage' for the story. ?Is this a 'prop'? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'scenery' in WordNet: 1. (3) scenery, scene - (the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale; 'they worked all night painting the scenery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hand-RenderedImage, :Picture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :StageOrSet ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Place ] . :Staggering :wnsense "careen1v", "keel1v", "lurch1v", "reel1v", "stagger1v", "swag2v" ; :wordnet "careen", "keel", "lurch", "reel", "stagger", "swag" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Staggering'' is a manner of 'Walking' in which a Person takes steps that are not smooth and controlled as in normal walking, suggesting a ''PhysiologicalCondition'' (often drunkenness) that has affected the sense of balance or motor control. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stagger' in WordNet: 1. (10) stagger, reel, keel, lurch, swag, careen - (walk as if unable to control one's movements; 'The drunken man staggered into the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Walking . :StaggeringEmotionally :wnsense "stagger4v" ; :wordnet "stagger" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StaggeringEmotionally'' is an ''OverwhelmingEmotionally' in which the Emotion was produced by an unexpected Event causing great problems for the Person affected. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'stagger' in WordNet: 4. stagger - (astound or overwhelm, as with shock; 'She was staggered with bills after she tried to rebuild her house following the earthquake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OverwhelmingEmotionally . :Stain :ldoce "spot" ; :wnsense "discoloration1n", "spot3n", "stain1n" ; :wordnet "discoloration", "spot", "stain" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Stain' is a 'Blemish' that is a discoloration of the surface of an Object caused by adhering material of any kind: dirt, oil, food, ink, grease, or other. This is a specific quantity of a Substance, so is a PhysicalObject. 'Smudge' could be a subtype, of stains consisting of material on a surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stain; and 3 of 'spot' in WordNet: WN 'stain': 1. (5) stain, discoloration, discolouration - - (a soiled or discolored appearance; 'the wine left a dark stain') WN 'spot': 3. (2) smudge, spot, blot, daub, smear, smirch, slur - - (a blemish made by dirt; 'he had a smudge on his cheek') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Blemish, :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OuterPhysicalSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Stained :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Staining ; :wnsense "stained1adj" ; :wordnet "stained" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any color that is a 'stain' (in a region of different color) on some PhysicalObject. It could be White, or some other color. NOTE that this is both a ''ColorAttribute''and a ''PastParticple''. Noe evident inconsistency. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'stained' in WordNet: 1. (9) stained - (marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter; 'a badly stained tablecloth'; 'tear-stained cheeks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute, :PastParticiple . :StainedGlass :guid "bd58a95a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Colored ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; :wnsense "stained glass1n" ; :wordnet "stained glass" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StainedGlass'' is substance Glass, in the form of a rigid sheet, that is not 'clear' as is most window glass,but is 'stained' (Colored) for use in decorative Objects,especially in ''StainedGlassWindow''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stained glass' in WordNet: 1. stained glass - (glass that has been colored in some way; used for church windows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Glass, :SheetlikeSubstance . :StainedGlassWindow :en "stained glass window" ; :guid "c0ed09ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stained-glass window1n" ; :wordnet "stained-glass window" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all windows made of stained glass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stained-glass window' in WordNet: 1. (1) stained-glass window - (a window made of stained glass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, :StainedGlassWorkAsArtForm, :StructuralOrnamentation, :Window, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StainedGlass ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :StainedGlassWorkAsArtForm :guid "bd58d781-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "StainedGlassWorks as representational art forms" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decoration, :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :TwoDimensionalArtObject . :Staining :en "smearing", "staining" ; :wnsense "smear1v", "stain2v" ; :wordnet "smear", "stain" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Staining'' is the Action of ''Dirtying'' (usually unintentionally) by acquiring some quantit of liquid or semiliquid on an Object that stains by discoloration, or by spreading carried dirt particles, onto a surface that is intended to be clean. This includes ''Smearing'' which is intentional, but not all ''Staining'' events are ''Smearing. @ToDO: more distinction is needed. @mod57 Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'smear' and verb sense 2 of 'stain' in WordNet: 1. smear - (stain by smearing or daubing with a dirty substance) WN verb 'stain': 2. (2) stain - (produce or leave stains; 'Red wine stains the table cloth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dirtying, :Discoloring, :Smearing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DirtyObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stain ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObjectType ] . :StainlessSteel :ldoce "stainless" ; :wnsense "stainless steel1n", "stainless1n" ; :wordnet "stainless", "stainless steel" ; a :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """StainlessSteel is a type os steel containing at least 12% chromium. Other elements such as nickel, cobalt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stainless' in WordNet: 1. stainless steel, stainless, chromium steel - (steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Steel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chromium ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Stair :ldoce "stair", "step" ; :wnsense "stair1n", "step4n" ; :wordnet "stair", "step" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Stair' is a SupportingObject that is connected to and somewhat higher than (5 to 12 inches higher, typically) than a platform immediately adjacent. It is an Artifact whose function is to permit people (and sometime other animals) to go from a lower place to a higher place. It is usually wider than is is deep, but the shape of the Stair varies with location, especially when outdoors. The Stair may or may not include a riser underneath it; therefore it may not be solely plank-shaped. @ToDo: There should be a restriction that a step cannot be more than, e.g. two feet higher than the preceding Supporting ground. NOTE: as of r879 there is no distinction between an indoor stair and an ourdoor stair, though it is possible to make such a distinction: indoor stairs would be part of a HOC. @ToDo - create different types? Indoor stairs can also vary in shape, as in a spiral stairwell. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stair' and sense 4 of 'step' in WordNet: 1. (1) step, stair - (support consisting of a place to rest the foot while ascending or descending a stairway; 'he paused on the bottom step') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlightOfStairs ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :StairRail :guid "bd5888f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A guard and support running along a flight of stairs." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Railing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stairway ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Stairway :guid "bd58e4c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "staircase1n", "stairs1n", "stairway1n", "steps1n" ; :wordnet "staircase", "stairs", "stairway", "steps" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A connected series of stairs or steps at progressively higher heights, which may have intermediate landings between floors of a building..Each Stairway has at least one 'FlightOfStairs', and may have more. A 'Stairway' may be indoors or outdoors. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact which allows one to climb, step by step, from one level to another. The stairs are not the only parts of a Stairway, it may also contain a handrail and walls. Cyc: A series of steps or flights of steps for passing from one level to another. Has at least one step, usually more. NOTE: 'stairs' may refer to one flight of stairs, or a whole ''Stairway''. Used in both senses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stairway' in Wordnet: 1. (3) stairway, staircase - (a way of access (upward and downward) consisting of a set of steps) WN noun 'stairs': 1. (15) stairs, steps - (a flight of stairs or a flight of steps) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :PathArtifact, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlightOfStairs ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sloped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stairwell :guid "bd58d574-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stairwell1n" ; :wordnet "stairwell" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A vertical shaft or opening with entrances on each (or most) levels that contains a stairway. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stairwell' in WordNet: 1. (1) stairwell - (a vertical well around which there is a stairway) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerticalShaft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stairway ; owl:onProperty :physicallyContains ] . :Stake :wnsense "stake2n" ; :wordnet "stake" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stick'' larger than 2cm in diameter but narrower than a ''Post''(which is a ''Supportingbject'' in COSMO). ,usually shorter than 4 feet long, typically used to mark something, as a property corner. (or to kill vampires?); has a pointy end. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stake' in WordNet: 2. (1) post, stake - (a pole or stake set up to mark something (as the start or end of a race track); 'a pair of posts marked the goal'; 'the corner of the lot was indicated by a stake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :PointyEndedObject, :Stick . :Stakeholder :en "stakeholder" ; :enn "stakeholder" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: there is no WN synset for this concept. RHW 'stakeholder': 2. a person or group that has an investment, share, or interest in something, as a business or industry. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, :Owner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingAnInterest ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Stakes :wnsense "bet1n", "stake4n", "stakes1n", "wager2n" ; :wordnet "bet", "stake", "stakes", "wager" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something that is bet in an act of ''Gambling''. It could be something abstract, like a ''Right''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'wager' in Wordnet (this can be some ''Property'' other than money): in WordNet: 2. stake, stakes, bet, wager - (the money risked on a gamble) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Property . :StakesHolder :en "stakes holder" ; :enn "stakes holder" ; :wnsense "stakeholder1n" ; :wordnet "stakeholder" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StakesHolder'' (WN 'stakeholder') is the one who holds the 'stakes' for the parties in a bet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stakeholder' in WordNet: 1. stakeholder - (someone entrusted to hold the stakes for two or more persons betting against one another; must deliver the stakes to the winner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NeutralParty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unbiased ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impartial ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingTheStakes ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Stale :isAnAttributeValueOf :Food ; :isTheOppositeOf :Fresh ; :wnsense "stale1adj" ; :wordnet "stale" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Stale' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that characterizes Food or FoodObjects that have lost much of their 'freshness', but are still edible. For food that has rotted to the point of note being healthful, use 'Spoiled' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stale' in WordNet: 1. (1) stale - (showing deterioration from age; 'stale bread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Stalk :guid "c0fbe269-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stalk2n" ; :wordnet "stalk" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the stem or main section of a non-woody plant....(we never say tree stalks do we?, but we do say corn stalk or stalk of wild grass. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stalk' in WordNet: 2. stalk, stem - (a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stem . :Stalking :eng "haunting", "stalking" ; :wnsense "haunt1v", "stalk2v" ; :wordnet "haunt", "stalk" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stalking'' includes a broad variety of actions that have some element of recurrent 'following' included. This can be performed by a stalker or a ghost, or a memory for example. This WN sense needs to be differentiated into the distinguishable subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'stalk' in WordNet: 2. (1) haunt, stalk - (follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to; 'her ex-boyfriend stalked her'; 'the ghost of her mother haunted her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FollowingMotion, :Pursuing . :Stallion :guid "c055ded2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "entire1n", "stallion1n" ; :wordnet "entire", "stallion" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Horse-Stallion': The collection of male #$Horses that have not been castrated, and so are generally capable of siring foals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stallion' in WordNet: 1. stallion, entire - (uncastrated adult male horse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Horse, :MaleAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uncastrated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stalwart :wnsense "hardy1adj", "stalwart1adj", "stout3adj", "sturdy1adj" ; :wordnet "hardy", "stalwart", "stout", "sturdy" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being ''Stalwart'' is to be ''PhysicallyFit'' and have considerable stamina and endurance. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stalwart' in Wordnet: 1. hardy, stalwart, stout, sturdy - (having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships; 'hardy explorers of northern Canada'; 'proud of her tall stalwart son'; 'stout seamen'; 'sturdy young athletes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicallyFit . :Stamen :guid "bd58e264-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stamen1n" ; :wordnet "stamen" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A stamen is the part of a flower which produces pollen. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stamen' in WordNet: 1. (1) stamen - (the male reproductive organ of a flower) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantReproductiveStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flower ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pollen ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Stamina :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :wnsense "endurance1n", "stamina1n", "staying power1n", "toughness1n" ; :wordnet "endurance", "stamina", "staying power", "toughness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stamina'' is a ''Quality'', a ''PersistentState'' performed by an animal that can continue physical activity for more than an average length of time without getting too tired to continue. Includes noun sense 1 of 'stamina' and noun sense 1 of 'endurance' in WordNet: 1. stamina, staying power, toughness - (enduring strength and energy) WN noun 'endurance': 1. (4) endurance - (the power to withstand hardship or stress; 'the marathon tests a runner's endurance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :StampDevice :ldoce "stamp" ; :wnsense "stamp2v", "stamp6n" ; :wordnet "stamp" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """StampDevice is used to make a mark on a surface; the stamp can transfer Ink, or cause a depression in the surface; it may be used by hand, or be part of a powered machine, as in production of coins. Includes noun senses 6 and 7 of 'stamp' in WordNet: 6. stamp - (a block or die used to imprint a mark or design) 7. seal, stamp - (a device incised to make an impression; used to secure a closing or to authenticate documents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject, :Tool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stamping ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Stamping :en "stamping" ; :ldoce "stamp" ; :wnsense "stamp2v" ; :wordnet "stamp" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of using a Stamp to make a mark on a surface; the stamp can transfer Ink, or cause a depression in the surface. NOTE: 'stamping' the foot is represented as 'StampingOnesFoot'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'stamp' in WordNet: 2. (3) stamp - (to mark, or produce an imprint in or on something; 'a man whose name is permanently stamped on our maps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarkingOnASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom :StampDevice ] . :StampingOnesFoot :ldoce "stamp" ; :wnsense "stamp1v", "stomp1v", "stump2v" ; :wordnet "stamp", "stomp", "stump" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Lifting the foot and thrusting it back down on the ground or floor so as to make a noise or visible impact,, for any of several reasons, including a display of anger, frustration, or defiance, or to stamp on an insect or other thing. This is only one step in the sense of 'stamp', 'stomp' which is the closest WordNet sense of 'stamp' to this type. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'stamp' in WordNet: 1. (3) stomp, stamp, stump - (walk heavily; 'The men stomped through the snow in their heavy boots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :MotionDownward, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leg ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :Stance :wnsense "perspective1n", "position13n", "position3n", "posture3n", "stance2n", "view1n" ; :wordnet "perspective", "position", "posture", "stance", "view" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stance'' is an Attitude based on a set of Opinions that reflect a Person's Opinions on a topic (often one of public interest), which may derive from a ''PointOfView'' or any other set of ''Feeling''s after having been developed in part by reasoning about the topic. The words used for this concept are closely related to those in ''PointOfView', but the essential difference is that some kind of reasoning or rationalization must be performed before a ''point of view can generate a ''Stance''. This is what politicians or political commentators will describe when discussing their opinions and views on a topic of public interest. This answers the question 'What are your views on XXX?' This answers the question 'What is your position on XXX?' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stance' and part of sense 3 of 'position' ('perspective' is left as a label for ''PointOfView'') in WordNet: 2. position, stance, posture - (a rationalized mental attitude) WN noun 'position': 3. (18) position, view, perspective - (a way of regarding situations or topics etc.; 'consider what follows from the positivist view') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attitude, :PointOfView, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rationalizing ] . :Stand-Table :ldoce "stand" ; :wnsense "stand4n" ; :wordnet "stand" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Stand-Table' is a small 'Table-Furniture'. A 'lectern' may be included - borderline case. This corresponds to sense 53 of 'stand' in RHW: 53.a small, light table. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'stand' in WordNet: 4. (2) stand - (a small table for holding articles of various kinds; 'a bedside stand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Table-Furniture . :Standard :isTheOppositeOf :NonStandard ; :ldoce "standard" ; :wnsense "standard1adj", "standard2adj" ; :wordnet "standard" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of objects or procedures (or of some attribute of objects) that are sufficiently common that their use is easier because it is familiar. This also is the attribute of 'Standard's (Specifications). @ToDO: can these sense be disentagled? Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'standard' in WordNet: 1. (15) standard - (conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind; 'windows of standard width'; 'standard sizes'; 'the standard fixtures'; 'standard brands'; 'standard operating procedure') 2. (5) standard - (commonly used or supplied; 'standard procedure'; 'standard car equipment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Common . :StandardDeviation :wnsense "standard deviation1n" ; :wordnet "standard deviation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is a subtype of ''Datum'' that can characterize a Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'standard deviation' in WordNet: 1. (8) standard deviation - (the square root of the variance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MomentOfaDistribution . :StandardProcedure :en "standard procedure", "standardized procedure" ; :wnsense "SOP3n", "standard operating procedure1n", "standard procedure1n", "standing operating procedure1n" ; :wordnet "SOP", "standard operating procedure", "standard procedure", "standing operating procedure" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StandardProcedure'' is a 'StandardSpec' that is a ''Procedure''. A ''StandardSpec'' provides a criterion for how some Action should be performed in order to most accurately or most efficiently accomplish its intended purpose. Among the respected ''StandardProcedure''s are methods for statistical analysis This includes the 'double blind'method for testing medicines that could lead to false results due to the 'placebo' effect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'standard procedure' in WordNet: 1. standing operating procedure, standard operating procedure, SOP, standard procedure - (a prescribed procedure to be followed routinely; 'rote memorization has been the educator's standard operating procedure for centuries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure, :StandardSpec . :StandardSpec :en "basis", "criteria" ; :hasPluralForm "criteria" ; :ldoce "standard" ; :wnsense "criterion1n", "standard1n", "touchstone1n" ; :wordnet "criterion", "standard", "touchstone" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Standard' is some Specification for how things should be done to achieve a goal at some desirable level, or to serve as a reference for evaluation of alternative Actions. This is a general sense of standard, which can be informal, such as a prior performance that is considered as a criterion by which others will be judged. For standards that are set by authorities, use 'OfficialStandard' This does not include physical objects that are referred to as 'standards'. This includes senses 3 and 4 and part of sense 1 of 'standard' in RHW: 1. something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison; an approved model. 3. a rule or principle that is used as a basis for judgment: They tried to establish standards for a new philosophical approach. 4.an average or normal requirement, quality, quantity, level, grade, etc.: His work this week hasn't been up to his usual standard. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'standard' in WordNet: 1. (14) standard, criterion, measure, touchstone - (a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; 'the schools comply with federal standards'; 'they set the measure for all subsequent work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Foundation, :Specification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Standard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Standardized :isTheOppositeOf :NonStandard ; :wnsense "standardized1adj" ; :wordnet "standardized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of objects or procedures (or of some attribute of objects) that have been made to conform to some ''StandardSpec''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2of 'standardized' in WordNet: 1. (3) standardized, standardised - (brought into conformity with a standard; 'standardized education') 2. exchangeable, interchangeable, similar, standardized, standardised - (capable of replacing or changing places with something else; permitting mutual substitution without loss of function or suitability; 'interchangeable electric outlets' 'interchangeable parts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Standard . :Standing :wnsense "ranking1n", "standing1n" ; :wordnet "ranking", "standing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Standing'' is a ''SuperiorStatus'' (a PersistentState) that is more specific to some criterion or situation and relative to others in that situation.. A ''Standing'' can be more quantitative than other forms of ''Status'', such as a position on some ordered list persons by some criterion of evaluation. See ''Standings'' for such a list. A ''Standing'' that has a formal position in a hierarchy (e.g. of influence or salary or popularity, as in a 'Best Seller' list), is represented by the subtype ''Rank''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'standing' and sense 1 of 'ranking' (not just for sports) and sense 2 of 'rank' in WordNet: 1. (3) standing - (social or financial or professional status or reputation; 'of equal standing'; 'a member in good standing') WN noun 'ranking': 1. ranking - (position on a scale in relation to others in a sport) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Status . :StandingOnTipToes a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''StandingOnTipToes'' is the ''BodyPositionEvent'' of a Person who is supported at least partly by the ''Tiptoes'' of one or both feet. This can be a part of a ''Tiptoeing'' Action, or of a ''StandingStill'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyPositionEvent, :PerceivableHumanAction, :PhysicalContactSituation, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tiptoeing ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StandingUpOnTiptoe ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TipToes ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :StandingStill :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :StandingStillEvent ; :wnsense "stationary2adj" ; :wordnet "stationary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StandingStill' is the attribute of objects that could move (as animals or vehicles) but are at the moment not moving relative to the given frame of reference. Narrower in meaning than 'Stationary'. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'stationary' in WordNet: 1. (12) stationary - (standing still; 'the car remained stationary with the engine running;) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stationary . :StandingStillEvent :en "standing" ; :guid "bd589915-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "stand" ; :wnsense "stand1v", "stand7v" ; :wordnet "stand" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be in a standing position for some interval of time. 'StandingStill' does not imply that the body is not moving in some way - a person can be working vigorously with the arms while StandingStill in one place. Also, shifting the weight from one leg to another can still be part of 'StandingStill'. the Object that is undergoing a 'StandingStillEvent' has the attribute value 'StandingStill'. NOTE that this 'StandingStillEvent' is not a subtype of 'StayingStill' because one can be moving bodyparts other than the legs while 'StandingStill', whereas the type 'StayingStill' indicates that no parts of the object so characterized are moving. Cyc: A collection of events. An instance of #$StandingStill is an event in which the 'doer' supports its own weight by standing on at least one leg. Also, they must be standing in place, rather than running, running in place, etc. They must also be balancing themselves, although they might be holding onto something to facilitate that. A borderline case of this: an astronaut in zero-gravity who appears to be standing still. The trouble with allowing that is that it will violate many of the axioms about #$StandingStill - the trouble with excluding it, though, is that one would have to duplicately state all the other axioms about #$StandingStill. Note: in a case like that, it might be best to divide this concept into two, to introduce a new term such as HoldingStill, and to distinguish the case of HoldingStill (in whatever posture, gravity, etc.) from Standing (supporting one's weight, balancing, etc.). Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 and part of verb sense 7 of 'stand' in WordNet: 1. (169) stand, stand up - (be standing; be upright; 'We had to stand for the entire performance!') 7. (5) stand - (remain inactive or immobile; 'standing water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :BodyPositionEvent, :PhysicalContactSituation, :RemainingInaLocation, :SingleDoerAction . :StandingUp :ldoce "stand" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of moving the body from sitting or lying position to a standing position. (If one jumps up and starts moving immediately, that would not be represented by this sense). NOTE: the restriction specifies that a 'StandingUp' starts a 'StandingStill' Event, but does not require that the 'StandingStill' event be reified. An Animal may stand up and soon afterward start moving, but this restriction implies that there is some perceptible even if small interval during which the animal is standing still before actually moving. A case of 'leaping' out of a sitting position and immediately continuing a forward movement would not be an instance of this type. SUMO: The BodyMotion of moving from a Sitting to a Standing position. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stand up' in WordNet: 1. (23) arise, rise, uprise, get up, stand up - (rise to one's feet; 'The audience got up and applauded') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StandingStillEvent ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :StandingUpOnTiptoe :en "standing up on tiptoe" ; :env "standing up on tiptoe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of moving the body from a ''Standing'' position to a ''StandingOnTipToes'' position, getting off the heels. Doing this makes a Person temporarily ''Taller'' than when on flat feet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StandingOnTipToes ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Taller ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Standings :en "standings" ; :wnsense "standing2n" ; :wordnet "standing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Standings'' is a List, each element of which is a ''Standing''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'standing' (applying not only to sports rankings) in WordNet: 2. standing - (an ordered listing of scores or results showing the relative positions of competitors (individuals or teams) in a sporting event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Standing ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RankingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Standoffish :wnsense "offish1adj", "standoffish1adj" ; :wordnet "offish", "standoffish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Standoffish'' is a manner of being 'Unfriendly'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'standoffish' in Wordnet: 1. offish, standoffish - (lacking cordiality; unfriendly; 'a standoffish manner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Standstill :wnsense "dead end2n", "deadlock1n", "impasse1n", "stalemate1n", "standstill1n" ; :wordnet "dead end", "deadlock", "impasse", "stalemate", "standstill" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Standstill'is a type of 'Pause' (a 'PersistentState') that can continue for a long time, without permanently halting the Activity that is paused. This is a situation where resumption of the base activity would be a ''breakthrough' (e.g. in negotiations). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'standstill' in WordNet: 1. (1) deadlock, dead end, impasse, stalemate, standstill - (a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible; 'reached an impasse on the negotiations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Pause, :PurposefulInaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Progressing ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :StanfordUniversity :isInsideOf :StateOfCalifornia ; a :University . :Stapes :guid "bf952791-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stapes1n", "stirrup2n" ; :wordnet "stapes", "stirrup" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stapes' in WordNet: 1. stapes, stirrup - (the stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits sound from the incus to the cochlea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AuditoryOssicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incus ; owl:onProperty :touchesDirectly ] . :StaphylococcalInfection :wnsense "staphylococcal infection1n" ; :wordnet "staphylococcal infection" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'staphylococcal infection' in WordNet: 1. staphylococcal infection - (an infection with staphylococcus bacteria; usually marked by abscess formation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection . :Staphylococcus :guid "bd58d4b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "staph1n", "staphylococci1n", "staphylococcus1n" ; :wordnet "staph", "staphylococci", "staphylococcus" ; a :BacteriumType, :BiologicalGenus, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The bacteria that are responsible for boils on the skin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'staphylococcus' in WordNet: 1. staphylococcus, staphylococci, staph - (spherical Gram-positive parasitic bacteria that tend to form irregular colonies; some cause boils or septicemia or infections) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AerobicBacterium, :Coccus, :GramPositiveBacterium, :LivingBiologicalAgent, :Parasite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Septicemia ; owl:onProperty :causesAilment ] . :Staple :guid "c0fcdd2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaRequiredResourceFor :StaplingEvent ; :wnsense "staple4n" ; :wordnet "staple" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small metal wire bent into a square U shape that can be inserted into a stack of papers by a stapler. Used in a StaplingEvent. CYC: usually metal connector for attaching a sheetlike object to something else Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'staple' in Wordnet: 4. staple - (a short U-shaped wire nail for securing cables) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :SmallObject, :Wire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StaplingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :Stapler :guid "c100566c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction :StaplingEvent ; :wnsense "stapler1n", "stapling machine1n" ; :wordnet "stapler", "stapling machine" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """V-shaped Device with two hinged arms, used by pressing down against the upper arm of the Stapler, with the papers to be fastened inserted between that arm and a lower arm. The Staple is forced out from the end of the upper arm distal from the hinge, and the two vertically oriented ends of the Staple pierce the papers and after they pass through the papers are curled inward so as to grasp the bottom of the stack. (This could use a series of three or four diagrams giving the horizontal view of the stages of the process). CYC: The collection of all staplers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stapler' in WordNet: 1. stapler, stapling machine - (a machine that inserts staples into sheets of paper in order to fasten them together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :HandSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Staple ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StaplingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Staples a :RetailStore-ParentCompany . :StaplingEvent :eng "stapling" ; :guid "c0fcdd36-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "staple1v" ; :wordnet "staple" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some IntelligentAgent takes two or more pieces of paper and staples them together to create a combined Document. This is very general,and could be the stapling of a credit card recipt to a sales receipt to create a convenient combined receipt. CYC 'Stapling': Stapling two objects together with a stapler. Heavy-duty 'Staples' are used in construction, to fasten sheets of material like Plastic to parts of a structure. That is a different type of Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'staple' in Wordnet: 1. staple - (secure or fasten with a staple or staples; 'staple the papers together') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Binding, :HandlingADevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Staple ; owl:onProperty :consumes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stapler ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Star :guid "bd58bcd1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "star" ; :wnsense "star1n" ; :wordnet "star" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A self-luminous gaseous astronomical object, including the sun. This has to emit some form of light, so a black hole might not qualify. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'star' in WordNet: 1. (8) star - ((astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AstronomicalBody, :LightEmittingObject, :OuterSpaceLocation, :SphericalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astronomer ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :StarActor :wnsense "lead8n", "principal3n", "star5n" ; :wordnet "lead", "principal", "star" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StarActor'' is an ''ActorActress'' (male or female actor) who is the principle actor (or one of two or more - see ''CoStar'') in a Play or Movie, typically being the Actor(s) whose name prominently displayed on advertisements for the Play or Movie. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'star' in WordNet: 5. (1) star, principal, lead - (an actor who plays a principal role) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActorActress, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prominent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StarEntertainer :ldoce "star" ; :wnsense "star2n" ; :wordnet "star" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'StarEntertainer' is an entertainer who has achieved some level of celebrity. This includes but is not restricted to ''MovieStar''s. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'star' in WordNet, but this is restricted to entertainers and is based on celebrity and success rather than skill. in WordNet: 2. (3) ace, adept, champion, sensation, maven, mavin, virtuoso, genius, hotshot, star, superstar, whiz, whizz, wizard, wiz - (someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Celebrity, :Entertainer, :Virtuoso . :StarSystem :en "star system" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A group of 'AstronomicalBody's having one or more Suns and at least one planet orbiting it. Our 'solar system' is one example. For this definition, only the AstronomicalBody's are considered as *members* of the Group, though each member may have parts. This type is not yet (rev 1107) classified as a subtype of 'DynamicObject', but might be at some time if it serves a useful purpose. (e.g. the corresponding Event of the plantets moving around the star becomes a salient feature of a domain ontology). NOTE that every 'StarSystem' has to have at least one 'NonEarthPlanet' - our solar system does, too! """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AstronomicalBody ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Star ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Planet-Generic ] . :Starch :guid "bd58b70c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "starch" ; :wnsense "starch1n" ; :wordnet "starch" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance which is a polymer consisting of chains of glucose molecules, to some extent cross-linked. **Not** an object,as in Cyc. SUMO: A complex Carbohydrate that is the main form in which Carbohydrates are stored. Cyc: A piece of starch, i.e., a piece of a substance made up of starch molecules. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'starch' in WordNet: 1. (1) starch, amylum - (a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice; an important foodstuff and used otherwise especially in adhesives and as fillers and stiffeners for paper and textiles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :Polysaccharide . :Starfish :guid "1a0205e1-1448-11d7-87bf-000347a4228d" ; :wnsense "starfish1n" ; :wordnet "starfish" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Echinodermata. Starfish are the most familiar of the echinoderms. NOTE: the 'rotational symmetry' is of order five, but that more specific symmetry attribute has not yet been represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'starfish' in Wordnet: 1. starfish, sea star - (echinoderms characterized by five arms extending from a central disk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Echinodermata, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RotationallySymmetric ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Staring :en "staring" ; :wnsense "stare1n", "stare1v" ; :wordnet "stare" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Staring'' is a ''Viewing'' Event in which an agent pays close attention (this is a subtype of ''PayingAttention'') with eyes fixed on the object of interest in such a way as to indicate some strong interest, approval, or disapproval. For disapproval see subtype ''Glaring''. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 (indistingsuishable) and noun sense 1 of 'stare' in Wordnet: 1. (82) gaze, stare - (look at with fixed eyes; 'The students stared at the teacher with amazement') 2. (4) stare - (fixate one's eyes; 'The ancestor in the painting is staring down menacingly') WN noun 'stare': 1. (9) stare - (a fixed look with eyes open wide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PayingAttention, :Viewing . :StaringAtLips :en "looking at lips", "staring at lips" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''StaringAtLips'' is a ''Staring'' Action in which a Person carefully observes the lips of another Person. One Action in which this occurs is ''Lipreading''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Staring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLip ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ] . :Stark :wnsense "blunt4adj", "crude5adj", "stark1adj" ; :wordnet "blunt", "crude", "stark" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'stark' that is used adverbally ('stark raving mad') is represented by ''Starkly''. The sense meaning 'severely simple' is represented as ''Austere''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stark' in Wordnet: 1. (1) blunt, crude, stark - (devoid of any qualifications or disguise or adornment; 'the blunt truth'; 'the crude facts'; 'facing the stark reality of the deadline') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absolute . :Starkly :wnsense "stark1adv" ; :wordnet "stark" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'stark' in Wordnet: 1. stark - (completely; 'stark mad'; 'mouth stark open') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Completely . :Starring :isTheOppositeOf :Unimportant ; :wnsense "leading1adj", "prima1adj", "star1adj", "starring1adj", "stellar1adj" ; :wordnet "leading", "prima", "star", "starring", "stellar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'starring' in Wordnet: 1. leading, prima, star, starring, stellar - (indicating the most important performer or role; 'the leading man'; 'prima ballerina'; 'prima donna'; 'a star figure skater'; 'the starring role'; 'a stellar role'; 'a stellar performance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Important . :Start-Up :en "start-up" ; :enn "start-up" ; :wnsense "stock company1n" ; :wordnet "stock company" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Start-Up'' is a ''CommercialOrganization'' that has only recently begun operation as a publicly funded profit-making Organization that has sold stock on the financial market. This exact sense of 'start-up' does not appear in WN or RHW. The more general sense of 'stock company' is included: Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stock company' in WordNet: 1. stock company - (a company whose capital is represented by stock) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StartupGroup ; owl:onProperty :hasAssociatedAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Startup ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Starting :pertainsTo :StartingAnAction, :StartingPlace, :StartingState, :StartingTime, :StartingaProject ; :wnsense "starting2adj" ; :wordnet "starting" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Of or pertaining to the start of an Event or of something appropriate to or useful in thestart of anEvent. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'starting' in WordNet: 2. (1) starting - (appropriate to the beginning or start of an event; 'the starting point'; 'hands in the starting position') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :StartingAnAction :en "starting", "starting an action", "starting to act" ; :ldoce "begin", "beginning", "start" ; :wnsense "begin1v", "beginning1n", "first step1n", "initiate1v", "originate2v", "outset1n", "start out1v", "start1v", "start5v" ; :wordnet "begin", "beginning", "first step", "initiate", "originate", "outset", "start", "start out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StartingAnAction' is an Action that is the first temporal part of some longer Action or the first of a Series of Actions that is not previously ongoing and is not a continuation of some closely similar type of activity. Includes noun sense 2 of 'initiative' and verb sense 1 of 'initiate' and verb sense 1 of 'start' and sense 1 of 'begin' and noun senses 1 and 5 of 'beginning'in WordNet: 2. (4) first step, initiative, opening move, opening - (the first of a series of actions) WN verb 'initiate': 1. (9) originate, initiate, start - (bring into being; 'He initiated a new program'; 'Start a foundation') WN verb 'begin': 1. (164) get down, begin, get, start out, start, set about, set out, commence - (take the first step or steps in carrying out an action; 'We began working at dawn'; 'Who will start?'; 'Get working as soon as the sun rises!'; 'The first tourists began to arrive in Cambodia'; 'He began early in the day'; 'Let's get down to work now') WN noun 'beginning': 1. (18) beginning - (the event consisting of the start of something; 'the beginning of the war') 5. (2) beginning, start, commencement - (the act of starting something; 'he was responsible for the beginning of negotiations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FirstStep, :TakingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :isTheFirstElementOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :starts ; owl:someValuesFrom :Action ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ; owl:someValuesFrom :SelfStarter ] . :StartingPlace :en "starting place" ; a :GroupType, :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'StartingPlace' is a Physical location where some PhysicalObject started a ''Translocation''. This is mostly useful for describing ''TakingaTrip'' actions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SceneOfEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPlaceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Translocation ] . :StartingState :en "beginning state", "starting state" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''StartingState'' is a PersistentState (which could persist for a very brief period) that is the beginning state of some ''ProcessiveEvent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :ProcessStep . :StartingTime :ldoce "start" ; :wnsense "beginning2n", "commencement1n", "first3n", "get-go1n", "kickoff2n", "offset1n", "outset1n", "start2n", "starting time1n" ; :wordnet "beginning", "commencement", "first", "get-go", "kickoff", "offset", "outset", "start", "starting time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StartingTime' the TimePoint or TimeInterval that is the first TimePoint or TimeInterval of some Event or TimeInterval. See relations 'starts' and 'isTheStartingPartOf' as potential relations on this type. One can say the 'the lunar New Year has its start on February 14th this year', and that 'start' will be an instance of this type. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'start' in WordNet, but includes time points at which Events or TimeIntervals actually began, not just the starting times of prospective events: in WordNet: 2. (5) beginning, commencement, first, outset, get-go, start, kickoff, starting time, showtime, offset - (the time at which something is supposed to begin; 'they got an early start'; 'she knew from the get-go that he was the man for her') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime . :StartingaMotorVehicle a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StartingACar' is the Action that turns on the motor of a motor vehicle, usually (these days) uding battery power, but also bu jumping or push-starting where possible. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OperatingaPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ] . :StartingaProject :wnsense "approach3v", "first step1n", "initiate1v", "initiative1n", "opening move1n", "opening13n", "set about1v", "set about2v", "start5v", "undertake1v" ; :wordnet "approach", "first step", "initiate", "initiative", "opening", "opening move", "set about", "start", "undertake" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StartingaProject'' is the 'FirstStep' in performing an Activity that is a new project - represented in COSMO as a 'Venture'' and requires initative from some ''SelfStarter'' (which can be more than one) VentureGroup (SelfStarters) Enrepreneur Principle Investigator This step is performed by a ''StartupGroup'' which can be an individual Person. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'initiative' and verb sense 1 of 'initiate' in WordNet: 2. (4) first step, initiative, opening move, opening - (the first of a series of actions) WN verb 'initiate': 1. (9) originate, initiate, start - (bring into being; \"He initiated a new program\"; \"Start a foundation\") WN verb 'undertake': 1. (26) undertake, set about, attempt - (enter upon an activity or enterprise) 'He initiated a new program'; 'Start a foundation') WN verb 'set about': 1. (3) set about, go about, approach - (begin to deal with; 'approach a task'; 'go about a difficult problem'; 'approach a new project') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StartingAnAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheFirstElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Project ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StartupGroup ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Startled :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :StartlingAnAnimal ; :wnsense "startled1adj" ; :wordnet "startled" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Startled'' is an AttributeValue of an organism that experienced a ''StartlingAnAnimal''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'startled' in Wordnet: 1. (6) startled - (excited by sudden surprise or alarm and making a quick involuntary movement; 'students startled by the teacher's quiet return'; 'the sudden fluttering of the startled pigeons'; 'her startled expression') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :StartledMovement :wnsense "jump2v", "jump4n", "start4n", "start7v", "startle1n", "startle2v" ; :wordnet "jump", "start", "startle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StartledMovement'' is a ''BodyMovementEvent'' that is a reaction to something that startles a person. NOTE: This is the intransitive sense of 'becomong startled'. WOrdnet has no sense of 'startle' specifically transitive and causative. RHW does have both senses. RHW: 'startle': 3. to start involuntarily, as from a shock of surprise or alarm. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'startle' in WordNet: 2. startle, jump, start - (move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm; 'She startled when I walked into the room') WN noun 'startle': 1. startle, jump, start - (a sudden involuntary movement; 'he awoke with a start') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyResponse, :BodyMovementEvent, :JerkingMotion, :MotionInPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ShockingSomeone :StartlingAnAnimal ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Startling :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :StartlingAnAnimal ; :wnsense "startling1adj" ; :wordnet "startling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'startling' in Wordnet: 1. (11) startling - (so remarkably different or sudden as to cause momentary shock or alarm; 'Sydney's startling new Opera House'; 'startling news'; 'startling earthquake shocks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surprising . :StartlingAnAnimal a :MotionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StartlingAnAnimal'' can be an Agent or an Event that causes a ''StartledMovement'' in some Animal. RHW: 2. to cause to start involuntarily, by or as by a sudden shock. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'startle' (suprising and causing a reaction, but not 'galvanizing to action') in WordNet: 1. (9) startle, galvanize, galvanise - (to stimulate to action ; '..startled him awake'; \"galvanized into action\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnObjectToMove, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StartledMovement ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Startled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Startling ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Agent :AgentType :Event :EventType ) ] ] . :Startup :wnsense "inauguration1n", "startup2n" ; :wordnet "inauguration", "startup" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Startup'' is a ''StartingaProject''in which the 'Project' is a commercial venture or public works or governmental function, each of which have some wide scope. As with the parent ''StartingaProject'' This step is performed by a ''StartupGroup'' which can be an individual Person. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'startup' in WordNet: 2. inauguration, startup - (the act of starting a new operation or practice; 'he opposed the inauguration of fluoridation'; 'the startup of the new factory was delayed by strikes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StartingaProject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheFirstElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Venture ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StartupGroup ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :StartupGroup :en "startup group" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of consisting of ''SelfStarters'' (people with the trait of 'taking the initiative' in ''StartingaProject'') and perhaps one or more 'Funder''s for the project. As a COSMO ''Group'' this can consist of even one element. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SelfStarter :Funder ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StartingaProject ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Starvation :en "starving" ; :guid "c021401d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "famish1v", "famishment1n", "hunger3v", "starvation1n", "starve1v" ; :wordnet "famish", "famishment", "hunger", "starvation", "starve" ; a :ActionType, :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. Each instance of #$Starvation is an event in which an #$Animal is so hungry as to be #$Starving. If prolonged, it results in death. NB: This is a #$SingleDoerAction (q.v.), so it doesn't cover cases wherein one creature withholds food from another. NOTE WN sense 5 is the transitive sense of withhold food - not included here. NOTE: dying of starvation is not necessarily implied - that would be a result only if prolonged. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'starvation' in Wordnet: 1. (2) starvation, famishment - (a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period) WN verb 'starve': 1. (4) starve, hunger, famish - (be hungry; go without food; 'Let's eat-I'm starving!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing, :Hunger, :Malnutrition, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StarvingPerson ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysiologicalProcess ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Starving :wnsense "starved1adj", "starving1adj" ; :wordnet "starved", "starving" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'starving' in Wordnet: 1. (1) starved, starving - (suffering from lack of food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :StarvingPerson :en "starving person" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who is ''Starving'' i,e, suffering from ''Starvation'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Starving ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Starvation ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Stash :wnsense "cache2n", "hoard1n", "stash1n" ; :wordnet "cache", "hoard", "stash" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stash' in WordNet: 1. hoard, cache, stash - (a secret store of valuables or money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supply, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ValuableThing ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UsefulObject ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hidden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :State-Of-The-Art :isAnAttributeValueOf :Device, :Procedure ; :wnsense "state-of-the-art1adj" ; :wordnet "state-of-the-art" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''State-Of-The-Art'' is the characteristic atttribute of a ''Device'' or ''Procedure'' that is the ''StateOfTheArt'' in its category. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'state-of-the-art' in Wordnet: 1. state-of-the-art - (the highest level of development at a particular time (especially the present time); 'state-of-the-art technology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :StateBird :en "official state bird", "state bird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of bird designated by a state's legisature as their official 'state bird' - persumably to advertise some distinctive character of thestate. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird, :UniqueThingInaContext . :StateChange a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which a change of physical state occurs, such as from liquid to solid, or liquid to gas, or even a **partial** state change such as getting harder or getting softer. NOTE that this includes Events such as gelling, or solidification of concrete, so it may not be reversible. This also includes precipitation of substances of one state from mixtures of another state, such as raining or ''Crystallizing''. For the type of reversible state change that does not include chemical changes, use the subtype 'ReversibleStateChange'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfState, :PhysicalTransformationEvent . :StateGovernor :en "state governor" ; :enn "state governor" ; :guid "bdfc4d25-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Head of a political division of any country that is called a 'governor'; this is a generalization of #$USStateGovernor. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leader, :PolicyMaker, :PublicOfficial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOrProvince ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GovernorOccupation ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :StateOfAlabama a :USA_State . :StateOfAlaska a :USA_State . :StateOfArizona a :USA_State . :StateOfArkansas a :USA_State . :StateOfCalifornia a :USA_State . :StateOfColorado a :USA_State . :StateOfConnecticut a :USA_State . :StateOfDelaware a :USA_State . :StateOfFlorida a :USA_State . :StateOfGeorgia a :USA_State . :StateOfHawaii a :USA_State . :StateOfIdaho a :USA_State . :StateOfIllinois a :USA_State . :StateOfIllumination :wnsense "illumination2n" ; :wordnet "illumination" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StateOfIllumination'' is a 'PhysicalSituation'' of SolidObjects (and the locations within which those objects are present) that characterizes the type and intensity and directionand any other quality that might be observable for the way light impinges on Objects. This is broader than the WN sense 2 for 'illumination' in that it may characterize not only the intensity but the wavelength and distribution of light (e.g spotlighting) that can be perceived. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'illumination' in WordNet: 2. (1) illumination - (the degree of visibility of your environment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectCondition, :PhysicalSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :LightPropagationEvent ] . :StateOfIndiana a :USA_State . :StateOfIowa a :USA_State . :StateOfKansas a :USA_State . :StateOfKentucky a :USA_State . :StateOfLouisiana a :USA_State . :StateOfMaine a :USA_State . :StateOfMaryland a :USA_State . :StateOfMassachusetts a :USA_State . :StateOfMatterChangeEvent :isaSynonymOf :StateChange ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The Cyc equivalent of SUMO and COSMO 'StateChange'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :StateOfMichigan a :USA_State . :StateOfMinnesota a :USA_State . :StateOfMississippi a :USA_State . :StateOfMissouri a :USA_State . :StateOfMontana a :USA_State . :StateOfNebraska a :USA_State . :StateOfNevada a :USA_State . :StateOfNewHampshire a :USA_State . :StateOfNewJersey :en "The ''StateBird'' of New Jersey is the ''GoldFinch''." ; :has :GoldFinch ; a :USA_State ; rdfs:comment "In this case the ''inContext'' relation is expressed as 'of'." . :StateOfNewMexico a :USA_State . :StateOfNewYork a :USA_State . :StateOfNorthCarolina a :USA_State . :StateOfNorthDakota a :USA_State . :StateOfOhio a :USA_State . :StateOfOklahoma a :USA_State . :StateOfOregon a :USA_State . :StateOfPennsylvania a :USA_State . :StateOfReproach :guid "bea2a324-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "reproach2n" ; :wordnet "reproach" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the CYC gloss does not correlate with any of the WN synsets; this is interpreted as both a ''StateOfShame'' in which the surrounding community disapproves of a Person, and the Feeling of shame by the one disapproved. Unclear how make this more logically explicit. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'reproach' in WordNet: 2. (1) reproach - (disgrace or shame; 'he brought reproach upon his family') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StateOfShame . :StateOfRhodeIsland a :USA_State . :StateOfSegregation :en "state of segregation" ; :enn "state of segregation" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StateOfSegregation'' is a 'StateOfSeparation' in which different categories of people are required to reside or work in spearate locations, and use different facilities. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StateOfSeparation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SegregationLaw ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Segregation ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :StateOfSeparation :wnsense "separation3n" ; :wordnet "separation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StateOfSeparation'' is a ''PersistentState'' that is an embodiment of a''Relation'' that holds among the members of a Group of Things, where the subgroups are in some manner (physically or abstractly) 'Separated' from each other. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'separation' in WordNet: 3. (3) separation - (the state of lacking unity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :Relation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :GroupType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Divided ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :StateOfShame :ldoce "shame" ; :wnsense "disgrace1n", "ignominy1n", "shame2n" ; :wordnet "disgrace", "ignominy", "shame" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Shame' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) in which a person is recognized by others as having done something socially unacceptable (something shameful). Someone who is in a state of Shame is the agent in this type of PersistentState, and has the attribute 'Shamed'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shame' in WordNet: 2. (5) shame, disgrace, ignominy - (a state of dishonor; one mistake brought shame to all his family'; 'suffered the ignominy of being sent to prison') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialState . :StateOfSouthCarolina a :USA_State . :StateOfSouthDakota a :USA_State . :StateOfSuffering :wnsense "hurt3n", "suffering4n" ; :wordnet "hurt", "suffering" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StateOfSuffering '' is a strong form of ''Distress'' which can be caused by internal mental activity, or by a ''Suffering'' (Perceiving) Action. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'suffering' in WordNet: 4. (2) suffering, hurt - (feelings of mental or physical pain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distress . :StateOfTennessee a :USA_State . :StateOfTexas a :USA_State . :StateOfTheArt :wnsense "state of the art1n" ; :wordnet "state of the art" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StateOfTheArt'' is the most recent and most advanced ''StageOfDevelopment'' in some technical field, which can be very narrowly focused, as in being the fastest microcomputer processor or the most efficient way to process some''Ore''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'state of the art' in WordNet: 1. state of the art - (the highest degree of development of an art or technique at a particular time; 'the state of the art in space travel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StageOfDevelopment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :State-Of-The-Art ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :StateOfUncertainty :wnsense "precariousness2n", "uncertainness1n", "uncertainty1n" ; :wordnet "precariousness", "uncertainness", "uncertainty" ; a :EventType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StateOfUncertainty'' is a''PersistentState'' in which some Salient Event (one of interest or significance) may or may not occur and cannot be predicted with confidence. This state is given the attribute ''Uncertain'', which means that all of the possible *outcomes* are 'Uncertain'' this does not mean that the conditions in the state itself are ''Uncertain''. Any condition that is itself ''Uncertain'' is labeled as ''Unknown''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uncertainty' in WordNet: 1. (7) uncertainty, uncertainness, precariousness - (being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance; 'the uncertainty of the outcome'; 'the precariousness of his income') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProblemSituation, :Situation-Localized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uncertain ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MysteriousProblem ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Faltering ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :StateOfUnconsciousness :wnsense "unconsciousness1n" ; :wordnet "unconsciousness" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unconsciousness' in WordNet: 1. unconsciousness - (a state lacking normal awareness of the self or environment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition . :StateOfUnion :ldoce "union" ; :wnsense "unification2n", "union4n" ; :wordnet "unification", "union" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'StateOfUnion' is the state in which some Group of entities exist, when they are 'united' in some respect. One subtype is 'Marriage'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'union' in WordNet: 4. union, unification - (the state of being joined or united or linked; 'there is strength in union') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState . :StateOfUtah a :USA_State . :StateOfVermont a :USA_State . :StateOfVirginia :en "The ''StateBird'' of Virginia is the ''CardinalBird''." ; :has :CardinalBird ; :hasPostalAbbreviation "VA"^^xsd:string ; a :USA_State ; rdfs:comment "In this case the ''inContext'' relation is expressed as 'of'." . :StateOfWar :wnsense "state of war1n", "war2n" ; :wordnet "state of war", "war" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StateOfWar'' is a state of ''Enmity'' between two countries during which some ''War'' (military fighting) occurs. This can be considered as a ''Pause'' in a ''StateOfPeace''. This is not necessarily an officially declared ''War'', but is a de facto state in which ''War'' (large-scale military hostilities) occurs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'state of war' in WordNet: 1. war, state of war - (a legal state created by a declaration of war and ended by official declaration during which the international rules of war apply; 'war was declared in November but actual fighting did not begin until the following spring') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enmity, :Pause, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :War ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryEngagement ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Country ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :StateOfWashington a :USA_State . :StateOfWestVirginia a :USA_State . :StateOfWisconsin a :USA_State . :StateOfWyoming a :USA_State . :StateOrProvince :ldoce "state" ; :wnsense "state2n" ; :wordnet "state" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A GeopoliticalEntity which is the primary admninistrative subdivision of a Country(Nation). In the United States, this is a State, in Canada and some other countries, a Province, in England a Shire. Other names exist. Like a 'GeopoliticalEntity', a 'StateOrProvince' is both an Agent and a GenericLocation. Each stateOrProvince may have a set of laws applying throughout, and is therefore a subtype of 'Jurisdiction'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'state' in WordNet, but the WordNet gloss suggests that 'state' is *only* the territory, and this COSMO entity is an Agent that controls a territory, as well as the GenericLocation that is controlled by that agent: in Wordnet: 2. (272) state, province - (the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; 'his state is in the deep south') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, :Jurisdiction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :StateRegion ; owl:onProperty :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Country ; owl:onProperty :isaPrimarySubdivisionOf ] . :StateRegion a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The spatial region of the Earth's surface encompassed by the borderlines of a 'StateOrProvince'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ; owl:someValuesFrom :CountryRegion ] . :StateTrooper :wnsense "state trooper1n", "trooper3n" ; :wordnet "state trooper", "trooper" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StateTrooper''is a ''LawEnforcementOfficer'' who works for the police force of a US State. They are most commonly encountered patrolling state highways enforcing traffic regulations. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'trooper' in WordNet: 3. trooper, state trooper - (a state police officer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LawEnforcementOfficer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USA_State ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :Stated :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AssertingOrally ; :wnsense "declared2adj", "stated1adj" ; :wordnet "declared", "stated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Stated'' is for oral assertions that are inteded to be interpreted as factual. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stated' in Wordnet: 1. declared, stated - (declared as fact; explicitly stated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Stately :ldoce "noble" ; :wnsense "noble3adj", "stately1adj" ; :wordnet "noble", "stately" ; a :AppearanceType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated produces a strong and favorable impression, usually because of its excellent appearance (but including other properties that can be evidenced by observation) as well as being large (possible in a metaphorical sense) for its type. Things that are small or for their type cannot be 'Stately'. Music can be 'Stately' (stretching the meaning). Corresponds to sense 1 of 'stately' in RHW: 1. majestic; imposing in magnificence, elegance, etc.: a stately home. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stately and sense 1 of 'noble' in WordNet: 1. (3) baronial, imposing, noble, stately - (impressive in appearance; 'a baronial mansion'; 'an imposing residence'; 'a noble tree'; 'severe-looking policemen sat astride noble horses'; 'stately columns') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good, :Grand . :Statement :guid "bd620a66-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "statement1n" ; :wordnet "statement" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO we add the parent 'AbstractSymbolicObject' to the Cyc concept 'Statement', which makes it clearly a mental object, rather than a physical object. This is interpreted as the abstract symbolic representation of a statement, not any physical representation, and not the propositional (logical) content of the statement, and not an event of stating something. A ''Statement'' is typically made in language, so is not usually different from the subtype ''LinguisticAssertion''. The alternate subtype ''Testimony'' has a specialized meaning. NOTE that a Statement does not necessarily have to have an audience in mind (it could be demented rambling speech), and therefore is not necessarily part of a Communication. The subtype 'LinguisticAssertion', however, must have an audience in mind, and is therefore constrained to be mentioned in (it might also be a part of) some Communication. The propositional content of a Statement is a Proposition. Cyc: A #$Statement is the #$InformationBearingThing created in a #$StatingSomething. An #$Agent must create the #$Statement and it contains propositional information. The illocutionary force of its contents are an #$Inform. Includes but is more general than noun sense 1 of 'statement' in Wordnet: 1. (60) statement - (a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc; 'according to his statement he was in London on that day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject . :StatementOfFact :ldoce "fact" ; :wnsense "fact1n" ; :wordnet "fact" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''StatementOfFact'' is a LinguisticAssertion that is *intended* to represent some Fact, or true thing. The 'Fact' may not actually be true, but this type represents the Assertions that are presented as 'Facts'. Thus one may say 'His facts are all wrong', with 'fact' in this case meaning the assertions that were represented as Facts, but were not VerifiedFacts This corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'fact' in WordNet: 2. (91) fact - (a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; 'he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fact ] . :Statesman :wnsense "national leader1n", "solon1n", "statesman1n" ; :wordnet "national leader", "solon", "statesman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statesman' in WordNet: 1. (4) statesman, solon, national leader - (a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Politician, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Communism ; owl:onProperty :supportsProposition ] . :Statewide :isTheOppositeOf :Rare ; :wnsense "statewide1adj" ; :wordnet "statewide" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Statewide''is an attribute of things that occur througout a ''State''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'statewide' in Wordnet: 1. statewide - (occurring or extending throughout a state; 'the statewide recycling program') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Widespread . :Static :wnsense "stable5adj", "static4adj", "unchanging1adj", "unchanging3adj" ; :wordnet "stable", "static", "unchanging" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Tendency of an attribute not to change over some interval of time. Not to be used to modify objects or processes (except insofar as a process may also be represented as an attribute).. This has nothing to do with radio static (noise). See also 'Stationary' for things not moving. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 5 'stable' and senses 1 and 4 of 'static' in WordNet: 5. static, stable, unchanging - (showing little if any change; 'a static population') 1. (5) static, unchanging - (not active or moving; 'a static village community and a completely undynamic type of agriculture'; 'static feudal societies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Steady . :StaticFriction :en "static friction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StaticFriction'' is the ''Friction'' that keeps a movable solid object from moving when it is pressed against another solid object such as when it is resting on an object unless and until some other force parallel to the resting surface pushes the object against the resting object, in which case the movable object experiences 'dynamic friction'. This is observable when a non-rollable object resting on a flat board stays in place as the board is tilted (and thus the component of the gravitational force on the object parallel to the board surface starts to increase), until the parallel force becomes high enough to exceed the resisting static friction,and the movable object starts to slide down the board. From: https://www.thefreedictionary.com/static+friction The friction arising between two objects in contact that are at rest with respect to each other. Fro: https://study.com/academy/lesson/static-friction-definition-formula-examples.html Have you ever noticed that it's harder to get a shopping cart moving than it is to keep it moving. If you try to push your couch across the room, the first push is the hardest part. Maybe people assume that's nothing more than psychological, but there really is a physics reason for it. The reason is static friction. Friction, in general, is a force that makes it harder for two objects to slide alongside one another. Static friction is the friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface on which it's resting. Once the objects have already started moving, kinetic friction takes over. This is the friction that exists between two objects moving relative to each other. Kinetic friction isn't as strong as static friction, and so it's easier to keep the shopping cart moving. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sliding-Generic ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :StaticSituation :guid "be1e537c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This concept is similar to DOLCE 'Stative' but we make it temporarily (v0.2) a parent class of the DOLCE concept. Cyc: A specialization of #$Situation. Each instance of #$StaticSituation is a state of affairs between two or more things, persisting statically over some time interval. Instances of #$StaticSituation always have a temporal extent, and they usually have a tangible and spatial extent. As an example, consider the situation of Bill Clinton sitting in his easy chair on the evening of 7/4/96. There are participant objects such as Bill and the chair, there are relationships such as the seat of the chair supporting his bottom and his weight being off his feet, etc. In any #$StaticSituation, for the participants in that situation, there is some significant or focal relationship between them which does not change. In the most typical cases, there is no important change whatsoever, e.g. someone sitting would be such a #$StaticSituation. But some things represented as #$StaticSituations can alternatively be represented as #$Events. For example, a situation in which geese were flying in a flock would be static (the flock-like spatial relationship between the geese would be retained) but it would also be dynamic in that the geese were moving, so either representation could be chosen depending on the context. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState . :StaticWaterArea a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A WaterArea in which water does not flow constantly or in the same direction, e.g. most lakes and ponds. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater . :StatingSomething :en "stating" ; :guid "bd5afcbd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "say", "state" ; :wnsense "say2v", "state1v" ; :wordnet "say", "state" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$StatingSomething means declaring, asserting, setting forth an #$InformationBearingThing, in particular, a #$Statement. The #$Statement is by default propositional. The Assertion created may be in oral or other form(written, sign language, etc.) 'He stated in his letter that he had already been to China'. The resulting statement must be at least in part linguistic, having some propositional content. In SUMO called 'Stating' SUMO: Instances of this Class commit the agent to some truth. For example, John claimed that the moon is made of green cheese. Includes sense 1 of 'state' and sense 2 of 'say' in WordNet: WN verb 'state': 1. (75) state, say, tell - - (express in words; 'He said that he wanted to marry her'; 'tell me what is bothering you'; 'state your opinion'; 'state your name') WN verb 'say': 2. (722) allege, aver, say - - (report or maintain; 'He alleged that he was the victim of a crime'; 'He said it was too late to intervene in the war'; 'The registrar says that I owe the school money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingEvent, :Informing, :PurposefulAction, :UsingALanguage . :StatingaWish :ldoce "wish" ; :wnsense "wish4v" ; :wordnet "wish" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'StatingaWish' is an oral AssertingEvent in which an agent states states that s/he has a 'Wish' for something to happen. The restriction requires that the 'Wish' and its content be represented explicitly. The Wish stated is usually one that the speaker has, but can be another person's wish; @ToDo these may have to be distinguished at some point. This includes the parts of verb senses 4, 5, 6, and 7 in WordNet that represent expressing a wish orally - including polite wishes that may be considered pro forma or insincere. in WordNet: 4. (12) wish - (make or express a wish; 'I wish that Christmas were over') 5. (5) wish, wish well - (feel or express a desire or hope concerning the future or fortune of) 6. (2) wish - (order politely; express a wish for) 7. (2) wish, bid - (invoke upon; 'wish you a nice evening'; 'bid farewell') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssertingOrally, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Wish ] . :StationBreak :en "station break" ; :enn "station break" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StationBreak'' is an Intermision in a broadcasting program during which announcements are made or advertisements are broadcast, or the name of the station is announced (the \" Station Identification \"). RHW 'station break': Radio and Television. an interval between or during programs for identifying the station, making announcements, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intermission, :MeasurableTimeInterval . :Stationary :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :StayingStill ; :isTheOppositeOf :MovingLinearly ; :wnsense "stationary1adj" ; :wordnet "stationary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Stationary' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is the main participant in a 'StayingStill' Event. This includes objects (such as buidings) that do not typically move, as well as mobile objects that are not moving linearly at the moment (but may be rotating or vibrating, or parts may be moving while the center of gravity remains approximately the same. This is the opposite attribute of something 'MovingLinearly' (i.e. moving it location). This is distinguished from the subtype attribute of of 'Motionless', which means something is not moving at all, not even rotating or vibrating. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stationary' in WordNet: 1. (12) stationary - (standing still; 'the car remained stationary with the engine running') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionAttribute . :StationaryArtifact :isaSynonymOf :ConstructionArtifact ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The SUMO term for the concept 'ConstructionArtifact' in this ontology..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Stationery :wnsense "letter paper2n", "stationery1n" ; :wordnet "letter paper", "stationery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is one piece of 'letter paper'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stationery' in WordNet: 1. (2) stationery, letter paper - (paper cut to an appropriate size for writing letters; usually with matching envelopes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfWritingPaper, :StationeryProduct . :StationeryProduct :CYC "stationery product" ; :en "stationery item" ; :enn "stationery item" ; :guid "bd58e9d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of items used for producing written communication. NOTE: This is interpreted as the type that includes pieces of ''Stationery'', which is some 'writing paper' designed for correspondence (''Corresponding''); and a separate subtype for a matching envelope (not yet represented). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ObjectGroup . :Statistic :wnsense "statistic1n" ; :wordnet "statistic" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''Fact'' that expresses information using numerical quantities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statistic' in WordNet: 1. (7) statistic - (a datum that can be represented numerically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Datum . :Statistical :pertainsTo :StatisticalAnalysis, :Statistics ; :wnsense "statistical1adj" ; :wordnet "statistical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Statistical'' pertains to any aspect of Statistics or StatisticalAnalysis Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'statistical' in WordNet: 1. (5) statistical - (of or relating to statistics; \"statistical population\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :StatisticalAnalysis :en "statistical analysis" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StatisticalAnalysis'' is any of various forms of DataAnalysis in which patterns of co-occurrrence of different entities or properties of entities in some context (or the same entity in different contexts, such as different times) are discovered in (usually large) quantities of data. the co-occurrence may of may not indicate some direct or indirect causal relation, and the cause for the co-occurence may be further investigated, or the fact of co-occurrence may be used for any of various purposes such as targeting advertsing or diagnosing illness. The result of such anaysis is a statistical (probabilistic) relation beween entities, usually only valid within some defined context """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataAnalysis, :MathematicalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:StatisticalMeasure :StatisticalRange :StatisticalSample :Statistics :LocationType :ObjectType ) ] ] . :StatisticalMeasure :FIBO "StatisticalMeasure" ; :wnsense "statistic1n" ; :wordnet "statistic" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'MeasurableQuantity'. meaning that it is a quantitative measure in some kind of units, but could be dimensionless. Each 'StatisticalMeasure' is the mathematical result of a calculation of measures from multiple entities, using some form of statistical analysic to create an abstract summary of some property of the whole group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statistic' in WordNet: 1. (7) statistic - (a datum that can be represented numerically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DoingMath ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :StatisticalProcedure :wnsense "statistical method1n", "statistical procedure1n" ; :wordnet "statistical method", "statistical procedure" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statistical procedure' in WordNet: 1. statistical method, statistical procedure - (a method of analyzing or representing statistical data; a procedure for calculating a statistic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalProcedure . :StatisticalRange a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """StatisticalRange is a measure relating to the width of some statistical distribution. Most commonly, the one-sigma range for the gaussian distribution is used. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConfidenceInterval, :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :StatisticalRegression :wnsense "regression toward the mean1n", "regression3n", "simple regression1n", "statistical regression1n" ; :wordnet "regression", "regression toward the mean", "simple regression", "statistical regression" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'statistical regression' in WordNet: 1. regression, simple regression, regression toward the mean, statistical regression - (the relation between selected values of x and observed values of y (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StatisticalProcedure . :StatisticalSample :wnsense "sample2n", "sampling2n" ; :wordnet "sample", "sampling" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StatisticalSample'' is an ''ObjectGroup\"' that is a relatively small portion (less than half) of a larger ''ObjectGroup\"', taken to allow measurements that can provide information about the whole group (or about Groups of similar type). This can be a PhysicalObject or an AbstractObject The ''StatisticalSample'' can be a Group of PhysicalObjects or a Group of ''InformationObjects'' or ''InformationBearingObjects'', whatever needs some analysis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sample' in WordNet: 2. (13) sample distribution, sample, sampling - (items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectGroup ] . :Statistically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Statistical ; :pertainsTo :StatisticallySignificant, :Statistics ; :wnsense "statistically1adv" ; :wordnet "statistically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Statistically'' is an AdverbialModifier that has the general meaning 'with respect to statistics'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'statistically' in Wordnet: 1. (2) statistically - (with respect to statistics; 'this is statistically impossible') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :StatisticallySignificant :isTheOppositeOf :Insignificant ; :wnsense "significant3adj" ; :wordnet "significant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''StatisticallySignificant'' is to satisfy mathematical criteria that some effect observed within a large enough sample of observable phnomena is unlikely to be due to chance. The degree of unlikelihood for 'significance' is usually taken as one chance in 20, but for proving correlations (rather than just providing evidence that further investigation is warranted) some scientists require that a lower possibility of chance should be demonstrated by the data. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'significant' in WordNet: 3. (3) significant - (too closely correlated to be attributed to chance and therefore indicating a systematic relation; 'the interaction effect is significant at the .01 level'; 'no significant difference was found') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Significant . :Statistics :wnsense "statistics1n" ; :wordnet "statistics" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Statistics'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' that concerns itself with the use of a ''StatisticalAnalysis'' in writing or speech. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statistics' in WordNet: 1. statistics - (a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Methodology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StatisticalAnalysis ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mathematics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :Statue :guid "be010b8f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "figure4n", "statue1n" ; :wordnet "figure", "statue" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Statues as art forms - usually figures of persons or animals (real or imaginary) carved in stone, wood, metal, etc. They can be of any material, including ''Snow'' as in a ''Snowman''. For representations of non-living things, use the parent type ''Sculpture''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'statue' and noun sense 4 of 'figure' in WordNet: 1. (5) statue - (a sculpture representing a human or animal) WN noun 'figure': 4. (14) figure - (a model of a bodily form (especially of a person); 'he made a figure of Santa Claus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sculpture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Stature :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :StandingUp ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "height3n", "stature2n" ; :wordnet "height", "stature" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stature'' is the 'Height' of a Person when standing erect (''StandingUp''). In Russian this measure is considered as a type of 'length'. This same measure could be taken while a Person is lying straight and prone - not necessary to add such detail. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stature' in WordNet: 2. stature, height - ((of a standing person) the distance from head to foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Height . :Status :wnsense "position5n", "status1n" ; :wordnet "position", "status" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Status'' is the SocialState (a PersistentState) reflecting the opinion of other people, which also affects the ''Influence'' of a Person on others, A ''Status'' can be good or bad, 'high' or 'low'. This sense of ''Status'' is vague and general. For a ''Status'' that is more specific to some criterion or situation, use the subtype ''Standing'', or for Roles that reflect a hierarchy of superiority and inferiority, use subtype ''Rank''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'status' in WordNet: 1. (20) status, position - (the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society; 'he had the status of a minor'; 'the novel attained the status of a classic'; 'atheists do not enjoy a favorable position in American life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismCondition, :RelativeState, :SocialState . :StatusGoal :guid "c080bd58-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO a mental object. Cyc: This attribute characterizes goals which are concerned with an agent's status in (or with) another agent or group of agents. The kinds of 'status' at issue here include an agent's level of prestige, power, and influence, and position within an organization. Correspondingly, the kinds of agents or groups in which one can have a 'status' includes organizations, geographical regions, professional groups, and peer groups. Examples of goals which may be qualified with #$StatusGoal include a country's goal of broadening its sphere of influence, and an academic's goal of being influential in his field of study.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goal . :Statute :wnsense "legislative act1n", "statute1n" ; :wordnet "legislative act", "statute" ; a :ObjectType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Statute'' is a ''RuleForBehavior'' created by any level of legislative body (''LegislativeOrganization''), including local governing bodies that produce ''Ordinance''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'statute' in WordNet: 1. (5) legislative act, statute - (an act passed by a legislative body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RuleForBehavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegislativeOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :StatuteBill :ldoce "bill" ; :wnsense "bill1n" ; :wordnet "bill" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'StatuteBill' is a preliminary version (a 'DraftDocument-Abstract') of an AbstractDocumnent that is intended to become a law (though it may not become a law). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bill' in WordNet: 1. (686) bill, measure - (a statute in draft before it becomes law; 'they held a public hearing on the bill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DraftDocument-Abstract . :Statutory :pertainsTo :Law, :Legislating, :Statute ; :wnsense "statutory1adj", "statutory2adj" ; :wordnet "statutory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Statutory'' pertains to a 'Statute'' and the things required by or addressed in a ''Statute''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'statutory' in Wordnet: 1. (4) statutory - (relating to or created by statutes; 'statutory matters'; 'statutory law') 2. statutory - (prescribed or authorized by or punishable under a statute; 'statutory restrictions'; 'a statutory age limit'; 'statutory crimes'; 'statutory rape') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :StauchingBleeding :en "staunching bleeding" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StauchingBleeding'' is a 'StauchingaLiquidFlow' inwhich the 'liquid flow' is a ''Bleeding'' event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StauchingaLiquidFlow, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bleeding ; owl:onProperty :finishes ] . :StauchingaLiquidFlow :wnsense "halt4v", "stanch1v", "staunch1v", "stem3v" ; :wordnet "halt", "stanch", "staunch", "stem" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'StauchingaLiquidFlow' is a ''StoppingEvent'' that stops a ''FluidFlowEvent''. This term is often associate with the subtype ''StaunchingBloodFlow''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'staunch' in WordNet: 1. stem, stanch, staunch, halt - (stop the flow of a liquid; 'staunch the blood flow'; 'them the tide') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlockingFluidFlow, :StoppingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FluidFlowEvent ; owl:onProperty :finishes ] . :StayingBehind :ldoce "remain", "stay" ; :wnsense "remain3v", "stay2v" ; :wordnet "remain", "stay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StayingBehind' is a PersistentState in which some Person remains in some location after other people have left. This type is a subtype of both 'BeingLeftOver' and 'RemainingInaLocation' and 'Action'. 'the party started to break up at 11, but Jack stayed till twelve.' 'The teacher stayed in the room after all the students left.' Using this type implies that some other thing(s) have left the indicated location. This is for IntentionalAgents that intentionally decide to remain in some location. This corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'remain' and sense 2 of 'stay' in WordNet: 3. (34) remain - (be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc.; 'There remains the question of who pulled the trigger'; 'Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war') WN 'stay': 2. (32) stay, stick, stick around, stay put -- (stay put (in a certain place); 'We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati'; 'Stay put in the corner here!'; 'Stick around and you will learn something!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingLeftOver, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :RemainingInaLocation . :StayingInaHospital :en "overnight stay", "overnighter", "staying overnight" ; :enn "overnight stay", "overnighter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StayingInaHospital'' is a ''StayingInaPlace'' in which some Person stays for some time, not necessarily ''Overnight'' in a bed (or a gurney) in a Hospital. This can be for a brief recovery period after a medical procedure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StayingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HospitalBuilding ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :StayingInaPlace :wnsense "abide1v", "bide1v", "stay1n", "stay3v" ; :wordnet "abide", "bide", "stay" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StayingInaPlace'' is a ''PersistentState'' that is an ''Action'' in which some Person arrives at and stays temporarily in some location. NOTE: the WN verb sense 3 of 'stay' suggests that it includes a prolonged 'dwelling', but this sense is explicitly for staying that is intended to be temporary. Includes noun sense 1 ad verb sense 3 of 'stay' in WordNet: 1. (415) stay - (continuing or remaining in a place or state; 'they had a nice stay in Paris'; 'a lengthy hospital stay'; 'a four-month stay in bankruptcy court') WN verb 'stay': 3. (22) bide, abide, stay - (dwell; 'You can stay with me while you are in town'; 'stay a bit longer--the day is still young') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArrivingAtAPlace ; owl:onProperty :alwaysFollows ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeavingaPlace ; owl:onProperty :occursBefore ] . :StayingInaState :ldoce "remain", "stay" ; :wnsense "persist3v", "remain1v", "remain2v", "remain4v", "stay1v", "stay4v", "stay7v" ; :wordnet "persist", "remain", "stay" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState in which some situation continues for some time as it was at the beginning. NOTE: This differs from the more generic 'NonEvent' only in that the thing that persists will be some attribute(s) of an Object or Situation rather than being in some specific location; this sense includes staying in some occupation or position of responsibility. For staying in some location use 'RemainingInaLocation'. For being left over after other parts of an object or group have left or been taken away or been consumed, use 'BeingLeftOver'. These senses of 'remaining' are not necessarily disjoint, and may describe different views of the same situation. NOTE that this type is disjoint with 'BecomingEvent'; in situations where some things are changing and some staying the same, to represent those events as 'BecomingEvent' and 'StayingInaState' would require that those aspects of the situation be represented as subevents of the more inclusive situation, Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 and part of sense 2 of 'remain' and sense 1 of 'stay' in WordNet: 1. (139) stay, remain, rest - (stay the same; remain in a certain state; 'The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it'; 'rest assured'; 'stay alone'; 'He remained unmoved by her tears'; 'The bad weather continued for another week') 2. (40) stay, stay on, continue, remain - (continue in a place, position, or situation; 'After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser'; 'Stay with me, please'; 'despite student protests, he remained Dean for another year'; 'She continued as deputy mayor for another year') WN verb 'persist': 3. (1) persist, remain, stay - (stay behind; 'The smell stayed in the room'; 'The hostility remained long after they made up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConstantAttributeOrLocation ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValue :AttributeValueType :PersistentState :EventType ) ] ] . :StayingOvernight :en "overnight stay", "overnighter", "staying overnight" ; :enn "overnight stay", "overnighter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StayingOvernight'' is a ''StayingInaPlace'' in which some Person stays during the night and usually sleeps, at some Place that is hot her/his ordinary residence - a friend's house, a hotel, a hospital, a campsite, wherever. TO 'pull an overnighter' is close, being to work throughout the night when one is not expected to perform work that late - but that kind of 'overnighter' does not usually include sleeping. This concept is also included here. No WN sense found. In RHW 'overnighter' sense 2 applies: 1. an overnight stay or trip. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StayingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NightTime ; owl:onProperty :occurredWithinTimeInterval ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Overnight ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StayingOvernightInaHospital :en "overnight stay", "overnighter", "staying overnight" ; :enn "overnight stay", "overnighter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StayingOvernightInaHospital'' is a ''StayingOvernight'' while ''StayingInaHospital''. e, wherever. TO 'pull an overnighter' is close, being to work throughout the night when one is not expected to perform work that late - but that kind of 'overnighter' does not usually include sleeping. This concept is also included here. No WN sense found. In RHW 'overnighter' sense 2 applies: 1. an overnight stay or trip. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StayingInaHospital, :StayingOvernight, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inpatient ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :StayingStill :ldoce "rest", "stay" ; :wnsense "rest1v", "stay2v" ; :wordnet "rest", "stay" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StayingStill' is a PersistentState in which some PhysicalObject remains in some location, resting on something else (supported by another object). 'The ball was resting on the table'; 'It stayed on the shelf for years' NOTE that 'StandingStillEvent' is not a subtype of 'StayingStill' because one can be moving bodyparts other than the legs while 'StandingStill', whereas this type 'StayingStill' indicates that no parts of the object so characterized are moving. An object in the 'StayingStill' state has the AttributeValue 'Stationary'. This corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'rest' and part of sense 2 of 'stay' in WordNet: 1. (20) rest - (not move; be in a resting position) WN 'stay': 2. (32) stay, stick, stick around, stay put - (stay put (in a certain place); 'We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati'; 'Stay put in the corner here!'; 'Stick around and you will learn something!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StandingStillEvent . :Steadily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Steady ; :wnsense "steadily1adv" ; :wordnet "steadily" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Steadily'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies processive Events or Processes and specifies that the action had the property ''Steady'', e.g. occurred without significant breaks or interruptions in the rate of the thing changing. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'steadily' in Wordnet: 1. (6) steadily - (at a steady rate or pace; 'his interest eroded steadily') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Steady :ldoce "steady" ; :wnsense "stable1adj", "stable2adj", "stable3adj", "stable4adj", "stable5adj", "steady1adj", "steady2adj" ; :wordnet "stable", "steady" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Steady' is a very broad attribute asserting that some specified or implicit object, process, or attribute is relatively unchanging over some interval of time (which may or may not be specified, and may be short), or has a tendency to be unchanging in some respect. See subtypes to differentiate the kinds of things about which this attribute can be asserted, and the intervals of time over which the stadiess may continue. Note that an object can be 'Steady' (in some respect) while still moving; for no motion (relative to some frame) use 'Motionless'. This is the defining Attribute of a ''PersistentState'' (which may perist for a very short or very long period of time). Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of 'stable' and adj senses 1 and 2 of 'steady' in WordNet: 1. (6) stable - (resistant to change of position or condition; 'a stable ladder'; 'a stable peace'; 'a stable relationship'; 'stable prices') 2. (2) stable - (firm and dependable; subject to little fluctuation; 'the economy is stable') 3. stable - (not taking part readily in chemical change) 4. stable - (maintaining equilibrium) 5. static, stable, unchanging - (showing little if any change; 'a static population') WN adj 'steady': 1. (11) steady - (not subject to change or variation especially in behavior; 'a steady beat'; 'a steady job'; 'a steady breeze'; 'a steady increase'; 'a good steady ballplayer') 2. firm, steady, unfluctuating - (not liable to fluctuate or especially to fall; 'stocks are still firm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime, :Tendency . :Steak :wnsense "steak1n" ; :wordnet "steak" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Steak'' is a ''MeatObject'' consisting of cooked meat, usually referring to beef, but also to other types of meat. This is a 'slice' meant for eating, and thus has a maximum thickness, extimated here as 6 com. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steak' in Wordnet: 1. (2) steak - (a slice of meat cut from the fleshy part of an animal or large fish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFoodObject, :MeatObject, :SliceOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "6"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumThicknessInCentimeters ] . :Stealing :en "stealing" ; :guid "bd588c77-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "steal" ; :wnsense "larceny1n", "snitch1v", "steal1v", "stealing1n", "theft1n", "thieve1v", "thievery1n", "thieving1n" ; :wordnet "larceny", "snitch", "steal", "stealing", "theft", "thieve", "thievery", "thieving" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$GainingControl and #$ActsCommonlyConsideredCriminal. In each instance of #$Stealing, an agent (see the collection #$Agent) takes something belonging to another agent without that agent's permission (and possibly without that agent's knowledge). Note that there may be some cases in which an agent takes something belonging to another agent without that agent's explicit permission that would nevertheless not be categorized as instances of #$Stealing. For instance, a pair of agents may have an informal agreement or understanding that would cover casual borrowing from one another (and thus excuse it from being stealing). SUMO: Any UnilateralGetting which is not permitted by the origin of the UnilateralGetting. These cases of UnilateralGetting are distinguished from ones where the destination is the subject of charity or other forms of benefaction. Oxf: robbery, stealing, thieving, larceny, thievery, robbing, pilfering, pilferage, purloining Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'steal' in WordNet, including only the illegal type of 'stealing' (not plagiarism), and to noun sense 1 of 'stealing' and sense 1 of 'theftand sense 1 of 'thievery'': in Wordnet: 1. (23) steal - (take without the owner's consent; 'Someone stole my wallet on the train'; 'This author stole entire paragraphs from my dissertation') WN 'stealing': 1. (1) larceny, theft, thievery, thieving, stealing - (the act of taking something from someone unlawfully; 'the thieving is awful at Kennedy International') WN verb 'thieve': 1. hook, snitch, thieve, cop, knock off, glom - (take by theft; 'Someone snitched my wallet!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crime, :HostileSocialAction, :TakingSomethingAway, :TransferOfControl, :UndesirableThing, :UnilateralGetting, :ViolatingAnObligation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thief ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Steam :ldoce "steam" ; :wnsense "steam1n" ; :wordnet "steam" ; a :GaseousSubstanceType, :WaterSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Steam as a substance, the gaseous form of water. This is for hot steam, above the boiling point of water, not for visible vapor clouds caused by water condensing in a cold atmosphere. For ''Water'' in the gaseous phase as a component of a mixture of gases, use ''WaterVapor''. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'steam' in WordNet, but includes any water above boiling temperature, including high-pressure steam at temperatures higher than 100C, in enclosed systems such as turbines.: in WordNet: 1. (6) steam - (water at boiling temperature diffused in the atmosphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hot ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SteamBath :wnsense "steam bath1n", "steam room1n" ; :wordnet "steam bath", "steam room" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steam bath' in Wordnet: 1. (1) steam bath, steam room, vapor bath, vapour bath - (a room that can be filled with steam in which people bathe; 'vapour bath' is a British term) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steam ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hot ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SteamEngine :guid "bdd789dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "steam engine1n" ; :wordnet "steam engine" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :InventionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Engines that use steam to turn turbines or move pistons. SUMO: SteamEngine is the subclass of Engines that produce mechanical power from heat and steam pressure. NOTE: classically considered to have been invented by James Watt (''JamesWatt''): Wikipedia: The Watt steam engine, alternatively known as the Boulton and Watt steam engine, was an early steam engine and was one of the driving forces of the industrial revolution. James Watt developed the design sporadically from 1763 to 1775 with support from Matthew Boulton. Watt's design saved so much more fuel compared with earlier designs that they were licensed based on the amount of fuel they would save. Watt never ceased developing the steam engine, introducing double-acting designs (with two cylinders) and various systems for taking off rotary power. Watt's design became synonymous with steam engines, and it was many years before significantly new designs began to replace the basic Watt design. The first steam engines, introduced by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, were of the \"atmospheric\" design. At the end of the power stroke, the weight of the object being moved by the engine, pulled the piston to the top of the cylinder, as steam was introduced. Then the cylinder was cooled by a spray of water, which caused the steam to condense, forming a partial vacuum in the cylinder. Atmospheric pressure on the top of the piston pushed it down, lifting the work object. Watt noticed that it required significant amounts of heat to warm the cylinder back up to the point where steam could enter the cylinder without immediately condensing. When the cylinder was warm enough that it became filled with steam the next power stroke could commence. Watt realised that the heat needed to warm the cylinder could be saved by adding a separate condensing cylinder. After the power cylinder was filled with steam, a valve was opened to the secondary cylinder, allowing the steam to flow into it and be condensed, which drew the steam from the main cylinder causing the power stroke. The condensing cylinder was water cooled to keep the steam condensing. At the end of the power stroke, the valve was closed so the power cylinder could be filled with steam as the piston moved to the top. The end result was the same cycle as Newcomen's design, but without any cooling of the power cylinder which was immediately ready for another stroke. Watt worked on the design over a period of several years, introducing the condenser, and introducing improvements to practically every part of the design. Notably, Watt performed a lengthy series of trials on ways to seal the piston in the cylinder, which considerably reduced leakage during the power stroke, preventing power loss. All of these changes produced a more reliable design which used half as much coal to produce the same amount of power.[1] The new design was introduced commercially in 1776, with the first example sold to the Carron Company ironworks. Watt continued working to improve the engine, and in 1781 introduced a system using a sun and planet gear to turn the linear motion of the engines into rotary motion. This made it useful not only in the original pumping role, but also as a direct replacement in roles where a water wheel would have been used previously. This was a key moment in the industrial revolution, since power sources could now be located anywhere instead of, as previously, needing a suitable water source and topography. Boulton began developing a multitude of machines that made use of this rotary power, developing the first modern industrialized factory, the Soho Foundry, which in turn produced new steam engine designs. Watt's early engines were like the original Newcomen designs in that they used low-pressure steam, and all of the power was produced by atmospheric pressure. When, in the early 1800s, other companies introduced high-pressure steam engines, Watt was reluctant to follow suit due to safety concerns.[2] Wanting to improve on the performance of his engines, Watt began considering the use of higher-pressure steam, as well as designs using multiple cylinders in both the double-acting concept and the multiple-expansion concept. These double-acting engines required the invention of the parallel motion, which allowed the piston rods of the individual cylinders to move in straight lines, keeping the piston true in the cylinder, while the walking beam end moved through an arc, somewhat analogous to a crosshead in later steam engines. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steam engine' in WordNet: 1. (2) steam engine - (external-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalCombustionEngine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steam ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Piston ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PistonChamber ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RotatingaShaft ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :SteamLocomotive :wnsense "engine3n", "locomotive engine1n", "locomotive1n", "railway locomotive1n" ; :wordnet "engine", "locomotive", "locomotive engine", "railway locomotive" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SteamLocomotive'' is a ''RailroadTrainEngine'' powered by a steam engine. This typically uses coal as the fuel,but small older version may have used wood. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'locomotive' in WordNet: 1. locomotive, engine, locomotive engine, railway locomotive - (a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RailroadTrainEngine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SteamEngine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SteamEngine ; owl:onProperty :usesEnergySource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Firebox ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coal ; owl:onProperty :consumesSubstance ] . :SteamShip :wnsense "steamer3n", "steamship1n" ; :wordnet "steamer", "steamship" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ship'' powered by ''Steam''. At one time a steamship might have backup sails so this is not absolutely disjoint with a sailng ship. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steamship' in WordNet: 1. steamer, steamship - (a ship powered by one or more steam engines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ship, :WaterTransportationVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SteamEngine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SteamEngine ; owl:onProperty :usesEnergySource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FossilFuel ; owl:onProperty :usesEnergySource ] . :Steamed :guid "a3207da2-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SteamedFoodObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SteamingFood ; :wnsense "steamed1adj" ; :wordnet "steamed" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The attribute #$Steamed is a specialized form of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Steamed has been prepared in an event of #$SteamingFood. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'steamed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) steamed - (cooked in steam; 'steamed clams') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cooked . :SteamedClam :en "steamed clam" ; a :BeastType, :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One Clam that has been steamed. A component of a ''DishOfFood'' of steamed clams. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steamed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dead ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SteamedFoodObject :en "steamed food", "steamed food object" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any quantity of Food that has been 'steamed' - exposed to a ''SteamingFood'' long enough to cook it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steamed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Steaming :wnsense "steaming1adj", "steamy1adj" ; :wordnet "steaming", "steamy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something characterized as ''Steaming'' is usually giving off visible 'steam', hot water vapor, or is as hot as something that can give off steam, close to the boiling ppoint of water. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'steaming' in Wordnet: 1. (1) steaming, steamy - (filled with steam or emitting moisture in the form of vapor or mist; 'a steaming kettle'; 'steamy towels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hot . :SteamingFood :wnsense "steam6v" ; :wordnet "steam" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'steam' in WordNet: 6. steam - (cook something by letting steam pass over it; 'just steam the vegetables') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingFood, :ExposureToSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :SteamedFoodObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steam ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :Steel :guid "bd58cb01-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Carbon ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Iron ; :ldoce "steel" ; :wnsense "steel1n" ; :wordnet "steel" ; a :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Steel is an Alloy which typically has at least 50% iron in it, but sometimes (as in some stainless steels) has less than 50%. Cyc comment: The collection of all contiguous portions of steel, an alloy of iron containing a small amount of carbon. SUMO; A MetallicAlloy made from Iron and other elements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steel' in WordNet: 1. (21) steel - (an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IronAlloy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carbon ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :SteelBeam :en "steel beam" ; :ldoce "beam" ; :wnsense "beam2n" ; :wordnet "beam" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StructuralBeam'' made of ''Steel''. This includes but is not restricted to 'girders'. Wordnet has a dozen subtypes of 'beam' used in construction. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'beam' in WordNet: 2. (9) beam - (long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuralBeam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steel ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SteelGirder :guid "c0fd5f10-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "girder1n" ; :wordnet "girder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SteelGirder'' is a ''SteelBeam'' (a ''StructuralBeam'' made of ''Steel''). If not made of Steel,it can be represented as a ''StructuralBeam''. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'girder' in WordNet: 1. girder - (a beam made usually of steel; a main support in a structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SteelBeam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steel ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :SteelWire :en "steel wire" ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Steel ; :isaShapedFormOfSubstance :Steel ; a :MetalType, :WireType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SteelWire is a Substance consisting of Steel in the form of a Wire..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :WireStuff . :Steep :ldoce "steep" ; :wnsense "steep1adj" ; :wordnet "steep" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A surface that is 'Steep' is 'Inclined' at an angle to the Horizontal sufficient to make upward motion noticeably more difficult than progress on level ground. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'steep' in WordNet: 1. (5) steep - (having a sharp inclination; 'the steep attic stairs'; 'steep cliffs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inclined ; owl:disjointWith :Horizontal, :Vertical . :Steep-sided :isAnAttributeValueOf :HillOrMountain ; :wnsense "steep-sided1adj" ; :wordnet "steep-sided" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Steep-sided'' is a feature of those ''HillOrMountain''s whose slope on the sides (not on the top) in many or most parts is greater than 25 degrees upward from the horizontal and less than 45 degrees. For slopes more than 45 degrees use 'VerySteep''.. (the number may be changed if the consensus of meaning differs) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'steep-sided' in Wordnet: 1. steep-sided - (having very steep sides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :Steeping :en "infusing", "steeping" ; :wnsense "infuse4v", "steep2v" ; :wordnet "infuse", "steep" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Steeping'' is a ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid'' for any purpose. Often the purpose is to extract some substances from the immersed material which dissolves in the liquid (as in ''MakingTea''), and that purpose is represented by the subtpe ''ExtractingBySteeping''. But this also includes the subtype ''Pickling'' in brine for the purpose of making an object salty, i.e. to add some substance to the object steeped, the opposite of extracting substances. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'infuse' in WordNet: 4. steep, infuse - (let sit in a liquid to extract a flavor or to cleanse; 'steep the blossoms in oil'; 'steep the fruit in alcohol') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidSubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Infusion ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Steeple :wnsense "spire1n", "steeple1n" ; :wordnet "spire", "steeple" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steeple' in WordNet: 1. (12) steeple, spire - (a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PointyEndedObject, :Tower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :SteeringADeviceByHand :guid "bd58af60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "maneuver1v", "manoeuver2v", "manoeuvre2v", "steer1v" ; :wordnet "maneuver", "manoeuver", "manoeuvre", "steer" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$CumulativeEventType and a specialization of #$GuidingAMovingObject and #$HandlingADevice. Each instance of #$SteeringADeviceByHand is an event in which an agent manually controls the course of a #$TransportationDevice in a #$TransportationEvent. See also #$SteeringFn. NOTE that 'steering' is something done by some agent, but that agent can be an automaton such as the automatic controller of a driverless car or a remote operator for an airplane drone or other vehicle. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'steer' in WordNet - specifically performing direct control of a moving vehicle: in WordNet: 1. (4) steer, maneuver, manoeuver, manoeuvre, direct, point, head, guide, channelize, channelise - (direct the course; determine the direction of travelling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuidingaTransportationDevice, :HandlingADevice, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TransportationDeviceType :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ) ] ] . :SteeringDevice :wnsense "steering mechanism1n", "steering system1n" ; :wordnet "steering mechanism", "steering system" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The thing a driver (pilot, captain) uses to steer some TransportationDevice. Steering wheels, handle bars, joysticks, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steering mechanism' in WordNet: 1. steering system, steering mechanism - (a mechanism by which something is steered (especially a motor vehicle)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :Mechanism, :VehicleController, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SteeringADeviceByHand ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :steers ] . :SteeringWheel :guid "bd58abe2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "steering wheel1n" ; :wordnet "steering wheel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The thing the driver uses to steer the car. SUMO: A VehicleController which enables one to steer a Vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steering wheel' in Wordnet: 1. (1) steering wheel, wheel - (a handwheel that is used for steering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :MechanicalAutoPart, :SteeringDevice, :VehicleController, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SteeringaRoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :steers ] . :SteeringaRoadVehicle :wnsense "steer1v" ; :wordnet "steer" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SteeringaRoadVehicle'' is one component of the Action ''DrivingaRoadVehicle'' (which also includes controlling the speed of the vehicle and stopping and starting the engine, plus some ancillary functions). NOTE that 'steering' is something done by some agent, but that agent can be an automaton such as the automatic controller of a driverless car or a remote operator for an airplane drone or other vehicle. A passive passenger in a driverless car would not be 'steering' unless s/he took over or shared control with the automatic pilot. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'steer' in Wordnet: 1. (4) steer, maneuver, manoeuver, manoeuvre, direct, point, head, guide, channelize, channelise - (direct the course; determine the direction of travelling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingATransportationDevice, :OperatingaPoweredDevice, :RidingInaVehicle, :SteeringADeviceByHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :RoadVehicle ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectRidden ] . :SteeringaShip :en "steering a boat", "steering a ship" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SteeringaShip'' is a ''SteeringADeviceByHand'' where the Device is a ''Boat''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingATransportationDevice, :GuidingaTransportationDevice, :OperatingaPoweredDevice, :SteeringADeviceByHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :Boat ] . :Stellar :pertainsTo :Star ; :wnsense "astral1adj", "stellar2adj" ; :wordnet "astral", "stellar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Stellar'' is an AttributeValue of astronomical ''Star''s and associated things. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'stellar' in Wordnet: 2. stellar, astral - (being or relating to or resembling or emanating from stars; 'an astral body'; 'stellar light') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Stem :guid "bd5898b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "stem" ; :wnsense "stalk2n", "stem2n" ; :wordnet "stalk", "stem" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stem' and sense 2 of 'stalk' of WordNet. CYC: Stems of plants. May be green or woody. NOTE that CYC makes the distinction between a 'stem' and a 'stalk',reserving the latter term for the stem of non-woody plants. See ''Stalk''. 2. (10) stalk, stem - (a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantPart . :Stench :en "foul odor" ; :guid "d3ea98be-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "fetor1n", "foetor1n", "malodor1n", "malodour1n", "mephitis2n", "reek1n", "stench1n", "stink1n" ; :wordnet "fetor", "foetor", "malodor", "malodour", "mephitis", "reek", "stench", "stink" ; a :EmittableThingType, :GaseousSubstanceType, :OdorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'OdorousGas' that is unpleasant. This is a Gas, not a perception, as in WordNet. 'the stench filled the room' Similar to CYC 'FoulOdor': an odor which humans find unpleasant to smell Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stench' in WordNet: 1. malodor, malodour, stench, stink, reek, fetor, foetor, mephitis - (a distinctive odor that is offensively unpleasant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OdorousGas, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stinky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displeasure ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :Stenographer :en "amanuensis" ; :enn "amanuensis" ; :wnsense "shorthand typist1n", "stenographer1n" ; :wordnet "shorthand typist", "stenographer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: a Court Reporter uses a form of typewriter that can write in shorthand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stenographer' in WordNet: 1. stenographer, amanuensis, shorthand typist - (someone skilled in the transcription of speech (especially dictation)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Secretary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stenography ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :Stenography :wnsense "shorthand1n", "stenography1n", "tachygraphy1n" ; :wordnet "shorthand", "stenography", "tachygraphy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Stenography'' is the physical text that was created by a 'stenographer' writing in an abbreviated script that allows rapid writing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stenography' in WordNet: 1. shorthand, stenography, tachygraphy - (a method of writing rapidly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stenographer ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :StepBrother :wnsense "half brother1n", "half-brother1n", "stepbrother1n" ; :wordnet "half brother", "half-brother", "stepbrother" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BiologicalSibling who is male. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepbrother' in WordNet: 1. stepbrother, half-brother, half brother - (a son of your stepparent by a former marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brother . :StepChild :wnsense "stepchild1n" ; :wordnet "stepchild" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepchild' in WordNet: 1. (1) stepchild - (a child of your spouse by a former marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SonOrDaughter . :StepDaughter :wnsense "stepdaughter1n" ; :wordnet "stepdaughter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepdaughter' in WordNet: 1. stepdaughter - (a daughter of your spouse by a former marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StepChild . :StepFamily :en "stepfamily" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ No WN sense RHW 'stepfamily': a family composed of a parent, a stepparent, and a child or children by a previous marriage. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Family-Human, :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Parent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StepParent ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :StepParent :wnsense "stepparent1n" ; :wordnet "stepparent" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepparent' in WordNet: 1. stepparent - (the spouse of your parent by a subsequent marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Parent . :StepSister :wnsense "half sister1n", "half-sister1n", "stepsister1n" ; :wordnet "half sister", "half-sister", "stepsister" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A half-Sibling who is female. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepsister' in WordNet: 1. half sister, half-sister, stepsister - (a sister who has only one parent in common with you) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sister . :StepSon :wnsense "stepson1n" ; :wordnet "stepson" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepson' in WordNet: 1. stepson - (the son your spouse by a former marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StepChild . :Stepfather :wnsense "stepfather1n" ; :wordnet "stepfather" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepfather' in WordNet: 1. stepfather - (the husband of your mother by a subsequent marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StepParent . :Stepmother :wnsense "stepmother1n" ; :wordnet "stepmother" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepmother' in WordNet: 1. (4) stepmother - (the wife of your father by a subsequent marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StepParent . :Steppe :guid "bf10f2ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "steppe1n" ; :wordnet "steppe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Grassland. Each instance is an area where short grasses are dominant: traditionally, the wild grasslands of Eurasia, but also found extensively in central North America, central and southern Africa, and Australia. Source: The Times Atlas of the World (1995). #hadMissingThing\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steppe' in WordNet: 1. (1) steppe - (extensive plain without trees (associated with eastern Russia and Siberia)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalZone, :Grassland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :hadMissingThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Treeless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SteppingStone :en "stepping-stone" ; :wnsense "stepping stone1n" ; :wordnet "stepping stone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SteppingStone'' is a ''Rock'' larger than a Person's foot, but smaller than an automobile, located in a shallow stream or marsh, useful as part of a path over which a Person can walk through a shallow BodyOfWater. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stepping stone' in WordNet: 1. (1) stepping stone - (a stone in a marsh or shallow water that can be stepped on in crossing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rock, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShallowBodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Stepwise :wnsense "bit-by-bit1adj", "in small stages1adj", "piecemeal1adj", "step-by-step1adj", "stepwise1adj" ; :wordnet "bit-by-bit", "in small stages", "piecemeal", "step-by-step", "stepwise" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'piecemeal' in Wordnet: 1. bit-by-bit, in small stages, piecemeal, step-by-step, stepwise - (one thing at a time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gradual . :Steradian :wnsense "sr2n", "steradian1n" ; :wordnet "sr", "steradian" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI solid angle measure. Symbol: sr. It is the solid angle of a sphere subtended by a portion of the surface whose area is equal to the square of the sphere's radius. Another definition is: the solid angle which, having its vertex in the center of the sphere, cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere. Steradian = m^2/m^2 = 1. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steradian' in WordNet: 1. steradian, sr - (the unit of solid angle adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidAngleMeasure . :Stereophonic :pertainsTo :StereophonicSpeakerSystem ; :wnsense "stereo1adj", "stereophonic1adj", "two-channel1adj" ; :wordnet "stereo", "stereophonic", "two-channel" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ \"ElectricalDevice\" \"EmittingSound\" \"AudibleSound\" Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stereophonic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) stereophonic, stereo, two-channel - (designating sound transmission from two sources through two channels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :StereophonicSpeakerSystem :en "speakers" ; :ennp "speakers" ; :wnsense "stereo system1n", "stereo1n", "stereophonic system1n" ; :wordnet "stereo", "stereo system", "stereophonic system" ; a :DeviceType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StereophonicSpeakerSystem'' is a ''SpeakerSystem'' with at least two ''SpeakerDevice''s, designed to emit sound to from the left side and right side of the listener to mimic the spatial distribution of sound emission in some recorded or live performance. Corresponds to part (the speakers) of noun sense 1 of 'stereo system' in WordNet: 1. stereo, stereophony, stereo system, stereophonic system - (reproducer in which two microphones feed two or more loudspeakers to give a three-dimensional effect to the sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpeakerSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stereophonic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SpeakerDevice ] . :Stereoscopic :wnsense "stereoscopic1adj", "stereoscopic2adj" ; :wordnet "stereoscopic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pertains to viewing things with two eyes (or two lenses, if recording images) that see a ''View'' from slightly different angles and provide a sense of the 'depth' (distance) of objects in the ''View''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'stereoscopic' in Wordnet: 1. stereoscopic - (of or relating to a stereoscope; 'stereoscopic lenses') 2. stereoscopic - (of or relating to stereoscopy; 'stereoscopic vision') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Stereotype :wnsense "stereotype1n" ; :wordnet "stereotype" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Stereotype'' is an ''Opinion'' about the properties that an object (often a Person) or Action has about some *object (of any type) solely by knowing or believing that the *object belongs to some particular category, and that things in that category usually have certain properties. ''Stereoytype''s are often used in ''PigeonHoling'' things. it is a form of ''MentalImagery'' inwhich the person having the ''Stereotype'' has mental picture of a typical member of a Cateory. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stereotype' in WordNet: 1. (6) stereotype - (a conventional or formulaic conception or image; \"regional stereotypes have been part of America since its founding\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalImagery, :Opinion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Notion ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :PersonType :FictionalCharacter :GroupType :Group ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Simplistic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sterilizing :wnsense "sterilisation2n", "sterilization2n", "sterilize1v" ; :wordnet "sterilisation", "sterilization", "sterilize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sterilizing'' is a form of ''Disinfecting'' that uses heating or radiation or (rarely) a poisonous gas to kill any microorganisms (especially pathogenic ones) within the entire region of some PhysicalObject, or within some confined space. For killing ''MicroLifeForm''s on the surface of an Object use the parent type ''Disinfecting''. process, treat cleaning, cleansing, cleanup Includes but is broader than to verb sense 1 of 'sterilize' (includes killing all MicoLifeForms, including protozoa and viruses) in WordNet: 1. (2) sterilize, sterilise - (make free from bacteria) WN noun 'sterilization: 2. sterilization, sterilisation - (the procedure of making some object free of live bacteria or other microorganisms (usually by heat or chemical means)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disinfecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :HeatingSomething ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Irradiating ] . :SterilizingAnAnimal :wnsense "alter5v", "castrate4v", "desex1v", "desexualise2v", "desexualize2v", "fix9v", "neuter1v", "spay1v", "sterilisation1n", "sterilise2v", "sterilization1n", "sterilize2v", "unsex3v" ; :wordnet "alter", "castrate", "desex", "desexualise", "desexualize", "fix", "neuter", "spay", "sterilisation", "sterilise", "sterilization", "sterilize", "unsex" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes sterilization of males or females by any surgical procedure, human or non-human. Subtypes can be distinguished. NOTE: this is normally 'optional' but may be required for some conditions like cancer. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'sterilize' in WordNet: 2. sterilize, sterilise, desex, unsex, desexualize, desexualise, fix - (make infertile; 'in some countries, people with genetically transmissible disabilites are sterilized') WN verb 'neuter': 1. alter, neuter, spay, castrate - (remove the ovaries of; 'Is your cat spayed?') WN noun 'sterilization': 1. sterilization, sterilisation - (the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, :OptionalSurgery . :SterlingSilver :wnsense "sterling silver1n" ; :wordnet "sterling silver" ; a :MixtureType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SterlingSilver'' is a ''MixtureDuo'' composed of 92.5% silver and 7.5% copper.. Being more than 50% Silver, it is also classified as a subtype of ''Silver''. NOTE that the test inclusion of Iron as a component violates the 'two substance' restriction on ''MixtureDuo'', but the FACT++ reasoner does not object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sterling silver' in WordNet: 1. sterling silver - (a silver alloy with no more than 7.5% copper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MixtureDuo, :Silver, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Iron ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Sternum :guid "bd58cee8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "breastbone1n", "sternum1n" ; :wordnet "breastbone", "sternum" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$Collection of all breastbones (or #$Sternums/sterna). An individual #$Sternum is a #$Bone-BodyPart connecting the two #$RibSeries in the front of the chest and protecting the #$Heart and other organs inside the chest region. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sternum' in WordNet: 1. (1) sternum, breastbone - (the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trunk-BodyCore ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Steroid :guid "bd58e5f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "steroid1n" ; :wordnet "steroid" ; a :LipidType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of a large group of substances having the steroid ring system, cyclopentanophenanthrene. Some are produced by animals and plants, many more by chemists. For the steroid hormones, use 'SteroidHormone'. In CYC 'Steroid' is a subtype of 'hormone' but choleserol is a steroid that is not a hormone. See subtype ''SteroidHormone''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steroid' in Wordnet: 1. (4) steroid - (any of several fat-soluble organic compounds having as a basis 17 carbon atoms in four rings; many have important physiological effects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lipid, :OrganicCompound . :SteroidHormone :guid "bd58e5f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "steroid hormone1n", "steroid2n" ; :wordnet "steroid", "steroid hormone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'Steroid' in Cyc and SUMO: This is the class of biogenic steroids that are both ''Steroid''s and ''Hormone''s. Cyc: The collection of #$Hormones having a characteristic ring structure and formed in the body from cholesterol. It includes both corticosteroid #$Hormones produced by the #$AdrenalGlands and reproductive hormones such as #$Testosterone and #$Estrogen. SUMO: A class of OrganicCompounds having the same basic chemical structure and having significant physiological effects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steroid hormone' and sense 2 of 'steroid' in Wordnet: 1. steroid hormone, steroid, sex hormone - (any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Hormone, :Steroid . :SteroidalDrug :en "steroidal drug" ; :enn "steroidal drug" ; a :LipidType, :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SteroidalDrug'' is a ''SteroidHormone'' produced in a purified form to be adinistered or some medical purpose. Some 'SteroidHormone''s, such as the 'anabolic steroids' are used illegally, for example by athletes to build up their muscles; in that case they are referred to as 'steroids', as in 'on steroids'.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, :SteroidHormone . :Stethoscope :guid "bd588d15-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stethoscope1n" ; :wordnet "stethoscope" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CYC: A is a device used to listen to sounds inside a person's body, especially the heartbeat.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stethoscope' in WordNet: 1. (2) stethoscope - (a medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalDevice, :NonPoweredDevice, :SensoryEnhancementDevice-Aural, :SomethingToWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarPiece ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Y-shaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stethoscopy ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Stethoscopy :en "listening to body sounds", "stethoscopy" ; :enn "stethoscopy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Stethoscopy'' is Listening to body sounds, using a .''Stethoscope''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Listening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stethoscope ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalBodySounds ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MedicalDiagnosis ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :Stetson :wnsense "Stetson1n" ; :wordnet "Stetson" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The distinctive high crown differentiates this from other types of felt hat. Corresponds to the 'Stetson' part of noun sense 1 of 'fedora' in WordNet: 1. (1) fedora, felt hat, homburg, Stetson, trilby - (a hat made of felt with a creased crown) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hat . :Stew :hasSalientSubstance :SolidFood ; :wnsense "stew2n" ; :wordnet "stew" ; a :FoodType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stew' in WordNet: 2. stew - (food prepared by stewing especially meat or fish with vegetables) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookedFood, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidFood ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stewing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Steward :wnsense "steward1n" ; :wordnet "steward" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Steward'' is a ''Fiduciary'' who manages and controls some ''Property'' for another Agent.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'steward' in WordNet: 1. (1) steward - (someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiduciary, :Functionary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingProperty ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingCareOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Stewardship :wnsense "stewardship1n" ; :wordnet "stewardship" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stewardship' in WordNet: 1. stewardship - (the position of steward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmploymentPosition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steward ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingCareOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingProperty ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Stewing :wnsense "stew3v" ; :wordnet "stew" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cooking SolidFood in Water, slowly. May include boiling,but does not necessarily. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'stew' in WordNet: 3. stew - (cook slowly and for a long time in liquid; 'Stew the vegetables in wine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoilingFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stew ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pot ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :Stick :ldoce "stick" ; :wnsense "stick1n", "stick2n" ; :wordnet "stick" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A (relatively) rigid piece of wood that is much longer than it is wide, large enough to manipulate with the hand (a splinter is not an instance), and small enough to hold in one hand. It can be a natural piece of a branch from a tree or shrub,or an artifact piece of lumber, as long as it is of the right size. It is a ''LongAndThinThing'' but is not a ''Shaft' because it can be curved, as is a ''Boomerang'' or a fallen branch of a tree.. A similar piece of plastic would be a 'rod'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'stick' in WordNet: 1. (7) stick - (an implement consisting of a length of wood; 'he collected dry sticks for a campfire'; 'the kid had a candied apple on a stick') 2. (6) stick - (a small thin branch of a tree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :LongAndThinThing, :PieceOfWood, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wooden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sticker-Adhesive :ennp "stickers" ; :guid "c0921069-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "gummed label1n", "paster2n", "sticker2n" ; :wordnet "gummed label", "paster", "sticker" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all adhesive labels, decals, etc. with text and/or an image on the non-adhesive side. @DB1275 NOTE this is a subtype of ''Paper-IBO'' but some stickers may be made of a plastic material - Rework? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sticker ' in WordNet: 2. gummed label, sticker, paster - (an adhesive label) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paper-IBO, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adhesive ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Sticky :ldoce "sticky" ; :wnsense "gluey1adj", "glutinous1adj", "gummy1adj", "mucilaginous1adj", "pasty2adj", "sticky1adj", "viscid1adj", "viscous1n" ; :wordnet "gluey", "glutinous", "gummy", "mucilaginous", "pasty", "sticky", "viscid", "viscous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sticky is a qualitative attribute of viscous liquid or semisolid substances that will adhere to dry solid surfaces, and when present as a thin film between two dry surfaces, will resist the pulling apart of those surfaces. It is the property of glue, cement, and other adhesives that have not yet dried. Dried adhesives are not considered subtypes of this Type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sticky' in WordNet: 1. (4) gluey, glutinous, gummy, mucilaginous, pasty, sticky, viscid, viscous - (having the sticky properties of an adhesive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Viscous . :StickyStuff a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A StickyStuff is a liquid or semisolid substance that has the property of being sticky.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sticky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stiff :isTheOppositeOf :Limp ; :ldoce "stiff" ; :wnsense "stiff6adj" ; :wordnet "stiff" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Stiff is an attribute of objects that resist bending somewhat, but may not be as resistant as something that is Rigid. This is relative to size and shape, and relative to other objects of similar size and composition. To be 'stiff' an Object should not droop noticeably (by less than 5 degrees from horizontal) when held horizontally at one end. A short length of a rod of a certain diameter may be stiff, but a longer length may not be. This AttributeValue is interpreted as having a relatively high value on some scale of 'Stiffness' (which see). For a 'Card','Stiff' means al least that it is stiffer than a piece of paper of 24 pound stock. Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'stiff' in WordNet, but does not include the sense of a 'stiff' neck or joint: in WordNet: 6. rigid, stiff - (incapable of or resistant to bending; 'a rigid strip of metal'; 'a table made of rigid plastic'; 'a palace guardsman stiff as a poker'; 'stiff hair'; 'a stiff neck') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Firm . :StiffBristle a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StiffBristle'' is one with more than average resistance to being bent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bristle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stiffening :wnsense "stiffen1v", "stiffen2v" ; :wordnet "stiffen" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stiffening'' is an Event in which some Object goes from being flexible or loose to ''Stiff''. The degree of stiffness is unspecified, it is just stiffer than the Object was before the ''Stiffening''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'stiffen' in WordNet: 1. (11) stiffen - (become stiff or stiffer; 'He stiffened when he saw his boss enter the room') 2. (2) stiffen - (make stiff or stiffer; 'Stiffen the cream by adding gelatine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :mayCauseObjectToBecome ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stiff ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Stiffness :ldoce "stiffness", "strength" ; :wnsense "rigidity1n", "stiffness1n", "strength9n" ; :wordnet "rigidity", "stiffness", "strength" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an AttributeType characterizing the resistance of a PhysicalObject (usually an elongated solid object) to bending when a force is applied to some part iof it while it is held fixed at some other point. The AttributeValues that instantiate this type have not yet (r885) been created. The values would be instances of Young's modulus of elasticity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stiffness' and sense 1 of 'rigidity' in WordNet (however, note that this takes values that are a measure of the *degree* of stiffness, and things that are not considered 'stiff' may still have measurable values of this property. Also, a part of sense 9 of 'strength' appears to correspond to this type: in WordNet: 1. (1) stiffness - (the physical property of being inflexible and hard to bend) WN noun 'rigidity': 1. rigidity, rigidness - (the physical property of being stiff and resisting bending) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strength . :Stifling :wnsense "muffle1v", "repress2v", "smother3v", "stifle1v", "strangle2v" ; :wordnet "muffle", "repress", "smother", "stifle", "strangle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the difference between this WN sense and that for ''Dampening'' is unclear. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stifle' in WordNet: 1. (2) smother, stifle, strangle, muffle, repress - (conceal or hide; 'smother a yawn'; 'muffle one's anger'; 'strangle a yawn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubduingByForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :Stigma :wnsense "brand5n", "mark6n", "stain4n", "stigma2n" ; :wordnet "brand", "mark", "stain", "stigma" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stigma' in WordNet: 6. (1) mark, stigma, brand, stain - (a symbol of disgrace or infamy; 'And the Lord set a mark upon Cain' - Genesis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Notoriety ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Still :wnsense "still3n" ; :wordnet "still" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Still'' is an Apparatus used for ''Distilling'', usually for purification of volatile liquid substances. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'still' in WordNet: 3. still - (an apparatus used for the distillation of liquids; consists of a vessel in which a substance is vaporized by heat and a condenser where the vapor is condensed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Apparatus, :Instrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distilling ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Centrifuging ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredInstrumentForAction ] . :StillCamera :guid "bd58af34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$StillCamera is a #$Camera that records still #$VisualImages one at a time (rather than many in quick succession to create a moving image, as with a #$VideoCamera). Specializations include #$StillCamera-Digital and #$StillCamera-Film.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Camera . :StillCamera-Digital :en "digital still camera" ; :enn "digital still camera" ; :guid "c0e247d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of cameras that record still images (as opposed to strictly moving images) digitally, rather than on film. Some digital cameras may be both DigitalStillCameras and DigitalCamcorders, if they can be used both for taking still pictures and for video.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalCamera, :StillCamera . :StillCamera-Film :guid "87fb446e-995b-41d8-88fe-d7cd242797aa" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$StillCamera-Film is the intersection of #$StillCamera and #$FilmCamera, i.e. the collection of all still cameras that record images on #$PhotographicFilm.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FilmCamera, :StillCamera . :StillImage :en "still image" ; :ldoce "image" ; :wnsense "icon2n", "ikon1n", "image2n" ; :wordnet "icon", "ikon", "image" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Two-dimensional Physical object having some graphical (non-text) content; this may be a hologram, but it must be contained on two-dimensional surface. The restriction allows the image to be part of a 'SheetOfSomeStuff' (it could be the whole of the sheet) or the surface part of a thicker PhysicalObject. NOTE: PhysicalObject was added because specifying the actual sheet of stuff that an image is on is too laborious and unnecessary. It will always be possible to consider a StillImage as a physical representation of an AbstractImage (i.e. it may have an AbstractRepresentation), but it is not necessary to specify any instance of AbstractImage for each instance of PhysicalImage. It can be a picture, drawing, or any other graphical thing. Writing is not usually considered as a graphical thing, but it is possible that some images may have writing in them, and images of writing are common. The distinction is in the way the entity is actually represented, abstractly and physically. For a moving picture on film, each frame is an instance of this type (see 'Movie' and 'MovieClip'). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'image' in WordNet: 2. (10) picture, image, icon, ikon - (a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; 'they showed us the pictures of their wedding'; 'a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :PhysicalImage, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :StillImageSource :guid "bff5ba08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is a Cyc class that is interpreted to mean 'anything that can be seen and bears information'. This is not necessarily a PhysicalObject, as it may be lightwaves, but according to the Cyc definition of Stillimage (below), the image should be stable (a constant projection). However, not every PhysicalObject is classified as a 'StillImageSource', only VisualInformationBearingObjects. Cyc 'Stillimage': A collection of visual images. Each element of #$StillImage is a static visual image. Such images are typically images reflected from, or generated by, objects that don't change in time, e.g. an illuminated photograph. Other examples: images from maps, x-rays, drawings, labels, or any constant projection of light.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :UsefulSource, :VisualInformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Picture ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StillImage ; owl:onProperty :isThePlaceOfOriginOf ] . :StillInProgress :wnsense "unfinished2adj" ; :wordnet "unfinished" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StillInProgress' is an AttributeValue of an Event that is still underway and has not yet reached its expected end point, as with a game, meeting,or party, or natural event such as a Hurricane. This AttributeValue can only be assigned to an Event before its EndingTime. For objeccts whose creation is not yet complete (as in 'the building is still unfinished'), use 'Incomplete'. Includes part of adjective sense 2 of 'unfinished' in WordNet: 2. unfinished - (not brought to an end or conclusion; 'unfinished business'; 'the building is still unfinished') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Stillborn :isAnAttributeValueOf :NewbornAnimal, :NewbornBaby ; :wnsense "stillborn2adj" ; :wordnet "stillborn" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'stillborn' in Wordnet: 2. stillborn - ((of newborn infant) showing no signs of life at birth; not liveborn; 'a stillborn baby') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Stilt :wnsense "stilt2n" ; :wordnet "stilt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Rod that is used to support Person and allow walking higher than on normal shoes - at least 1 foot above the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stilt' in WordNet: 2. stilt - (one of two stout poles with foot rests in the middle; used for walking high above the ground; 'he was so tall I thought he was on stilts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shaft, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FootRest ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Stimulant :guid "bd58c2da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stimulant2n" ; :wordnet "stimulant" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: Consumable substances that stimulate the fight-or-flight syndrome and speed the metabolism. NOTE: Cyc has this as a subtype of 'drug', but in COSMO it will be broader, to include things like coffee that are not intuitively classified as 'drugs' SUMO: Any BiologicallyActiveSubstance which has the effect of stimulating the central nervous system, i.e. increasing function or activity in the Brain or SpinalCord. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stimulant' in Wordnet: 2. (1) stimulant, stimulant drug, excitant - (a drug that temporarily quickens some vital process) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance . :Stimulating :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :StimulatingaFeeling ; :wnsense "stimulating1adj" ; :wordnet "stimulating" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stimulating' in Wordnet: 1. (1) stimulating - (rousing or quickening activity or the senses; 'a stimulating discussion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :StimulatingSexualArousal :wnsense "arouse7v", "excite6v", "sex1v", "turn on6v", "wind up3v" ; :wordnet "arouse", "excite", "sex", "turn on", "wind up" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StimulatingSexualArousal''is a ''StimulatingaFeeling'' Event that causes some degree of ''SexualArousal''. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'arouse' in WordNet: 7. arouse, sex, excite, turn on, wind up - (stimulate sexually; 'This movie usually arouses the male audience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StimulatingaFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualArousal ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :StimulatingaFeeling :wnsense "excite4v", "excite7v", "shake up4v", "shake6v", "stimulate3v", "stimulate6v", "stir3v", "stir4v" ; :wordnet "excite", "shake", "shake up", "stimulate", "stir" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StimulatingaFeeling'' is an ''ArousingAnEmotion'' Event that causes a deeper Feeling than does the parent ''ArousingAnEmotion''. NOTE: this follows the Wordnet hierarchy of arousing and stimulating Feelings - not clear where the dividing line is. Corresponds to verb senses 3 and 6 of 'stimulate' (hard to tell the difference) in WordNet: 3. (3) stimulate, shake, shake up, excite, stir - (stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of; 'These stories shook the community'; 'the civil war shook the country') 6. (1) stimulate, excite, stir - (stir feelings in; 'stimulate my appetite'; 'excite the audience'; 'stir emotions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArousingAnEmotion . :StimulatingaPersonToAction a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''StimulatingaPersonToAction'' is an Event that causes some urge in a Person to perform some Action (which includes ''Feeling''s), though the person stimulated **may not** actually perform that action. NOTE: it is unclear whether the terms used for this actually require that the Action stimulated be carried out. Perhaps this type should be closer to a 'tempting'??? in WordNet: 1. (14) arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, evoke, fire, raise, provoke - (call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); 'arouse pity'; 'raise a smile'; 'evoke sympathy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :FeelingType ] . :Stimulus :wnsense "stimulant1n", "stimulation2n", "stimulus1n" ; :wordnet "stimulant", "stimulation", "stimulus" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stimulus'' is an Event that evokes a response (''Responding'') in some Agent. This is a Role that is played by an Event in a **stimulus-response** situation, a causally related pair of Events that are mediated by the 'Reaction' an Agent to some ''Stimulus'' (a ''BecomingEvent' that changes something perceivable to the agent). NOTE that in WN 'stimulus' is a subtype of 'information' which in COSMOS is an abstract ubstance (probably should be 'gaining information' or 'learning')- in this type we consider that ''LearningAboutaTopic'' (which is a subtype of ''Event'') will capture the WN notion that a ''stimulus' is some kind of 'information'. This note is added to make the relation to the WN parent type clearer for the human users. NOTE that the 'input' synonym in the WN synset is broken out as a subtype that is an Action by an ''IntentionalAgent''. See 'Inputting'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stimulus' in WordNet: 1. (10) stimulation, stimulus, stimulant, input - (any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Responding :ActionType ) ] ] . :Sting :ldoce "sting" ; :wnsense "sting1n" ; :wordnet "sting" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Sting' is a short-duration pain of varying intensity localized in one point on the surface of the body, usually the skin, caused by contact with some sharp external object,such as a hypodermic needle or an insect's stinger. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'sting' in WordNet, excluding the metaphorical senses: in WordNet: 1. (2) sting, stinging - (a kind of pain; something as sudden and painful as being stung; 'the sting of death'; 'he felt the stinging of nettles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PainOrAche . :StingRay :wnsense "stingray1n" ; :wordnet "stingray" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stingray' in WordNet: 1. stingray - (large venomous ray with large barbed spines near the base of a thin whiplike tail capable of inflicting severe wounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ray, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StingRaySting ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :StingRaySting :en "animal sting" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StingRaySting'' is an ''AnimalSting'' that is at the tail ed of a ''StingRay''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StingRay ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Stinger :guid "bd58c749-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stinger4n" ; :wordnet "stinger" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A sharp organ, as of a bee, scorpion or stingray, of offense and defense usually connected with a poisonous gland or otherwise adapted to wound by piercing and innoculating a poisonous secretion Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stinger' in WordNet: 4. stinger - (a sharp organ of offense or defense (as of a wasp or stingray or scorpion) often connected with a poison gland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :Organ, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sharp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PointyEnded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StingingAction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :StingingAction :ldoce "sting" ; :wnsense "sting1v", "sting4v" ; :wordnet "sting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An action in which some object or quantity of substance causes a stinging sensation to some animal as a result of contact with that animal. 'That iodine stings!'. When performed by an Object, that object is typically pointed. A ''StingingAction''by an Insect or Arachnid is represented by the subtype ''StingingByAnimal''. @ToDo stinging by an object and a substance can be discriminated. COSMO note: in CYC this is a subtype of BodilyFunctionEvent,but in COSMO the action of the object that stings is divorced from the physiological response to that action: the Senatation of stining is represented by 'Sting'. Includes senses 2 and 4, and part of sense 1 of 'sting' in WordNet, excluding the metaphorical senses: in WordNet: 1. (1) bite, sting, burn - (cause a sharp or stinging pain or discomfort; 'The sun burned his face') 4. prick, sting, twinge - (cause a stinging pain; 'The needle pricked his skin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sting ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :StingingByAnimal :guid "c0fd46fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPerformedBy :Arthropod ; :ldoce "sting" ; :wnsense "bite2v", "prick7v", "sting2v" ; :wordnet "bite", "prick", "sting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The action in which an animal with a stinger pokes it into another animal, in order to injure or kill it. NOTE: this includes 'biting' by a mosquito, which is done to feed the mosqito, not to injure the bitten animal. This is commonly done by an ''Arthropod'' (especially an ''Insect'' or ''Arachnid''.). Corresponds to sense 2 of 'sting' in WordNet: 2. (1) sting, bite, prick - (deliver a sting to; 'A bee stung my arm yesterday') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StingingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArthropodBite ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Stingy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Generous ; :wnsense "stingy1adj", "ungenerous2adj" ; :wordnet "stingy", "ungenerous" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stingy'' is a subattribute of ''PennyPinching'' that includes some element of lack of genorosity.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stingy' in Wordnet: 1. stingy, ungenerous - (unwilling to spend; 'she practices economy without being stingy'; 'an ungenerous response to the appeal for funds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PennyPinching . :Stinky :isTheOppositeOf :Fragrant ; :wnsense "fetid1adj", "foetid1adj", "foul smelling1adj", "foul1adj", "funky1adj", "ill-scented1adj", "ill-smelling1adj", "malodourous1adj", "noisome2adj", "reeking2adj", "smelly1adj", "stinking2adj", "stinky1adj" ; :wordnet "fetid", "foetid", "foul", "foul smelling", "funky", "ill-scented", "ill-smelling", "malodourous", "noisome", "reeking", "smelly", "stinking", "stinky" ; a :OdorType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stinky'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of a ''Odor'' that is ''Unpleasant''. @ToDo: Distinctions between generically 'stinky' and 'fould smelling' might be made if rotting organic matter is taken as having some ditinct bad odor. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stinky' and sense 1 of 'foul smelling' in WordNet: 1. malodorous, malodourous, unpleasant-smelling, ill-smelling, stinky - (having an unpleasant smell) WN adj 'foul smelling': 1. (2) fetid, foetid, foul, foul-smelling, funky, noisome, smelly, stinking, ill-scented - (offensively malodorous; 'a foul odor'; 'the kitchen smelled really funky') WN adj 'reeking': 2. reeking - (giving off a strong unpleasant smell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OdorAttribute, :Unpleasant . :Stint :wnsense "stint1n", "stretch6n" ; :wordnet "stint", "stretch" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stint'' is a ''TimeOfOccurrance'' (a ''TimeInterval' during which some ''HumanActivity'' (often a working Action) occurs. The type of Action that happens is typically some kind of job or Service Event; that sense is represented by the subtype ''WorkShift'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stint' in WordNet: 1. stretch, stint - (an unbroken period of time during which you do something; 'there were stretches of boredom'; 'he did a stretch in the federal penitentiary') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfAnOccurrance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HumanActivity :ActionType ) ] ] . :StipulatingaCondition :en "conditioning a promise", "stipulating a condition" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StipulatingaCondition' is a subtype of 'MakingAnAgreement' in which the agreement requires that some promised action will be performed only if some 'condition' (a specified situation) occurs. This can be used to make an act contingent on the action of the agreeing party, or on any other situation that the promiser specifies. This itself does not necessarily create a contract, but all contracts have mutually conditional promises. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaDeal, :TwoAgentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConditionalPromise ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContractingAgents ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :Stipulation :eng "stipulating" ; :wnsense "condition3v", "qualify5v", "specify1v", "stipulate1v" ; :wordnet "condition", "qualify", "specify", "stipulate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Stipulation is a Requesting (an Action) that a certain action be performed or state be in effect, as a condition for some other action. The topic of this Requesting is a 'Proviso', which refers to a StipulationCondition, (a desired FutureSituation). NOTE that a Stipulation is a Communication (an Event), and the content of the Stipulation, which may show up as part of a proposed Agreement is represented by 'Proviso' in COSMO. The more common meaning of 'stipulation' would be represented by 'Proviso' in COSMO, but where the communication of the proviso is at issue, this type can be used. It is likely to be needed only to represent a Communication of the requested 'Proviso' during a negotiation. This is expressed by a phrase such as 'we can agree on condition that . . .' The content of a Stipulation that is part of a proposed Agreement is represented by a 'Proviso' which is an Assertion (a logical Proposition) of the form 'you do this and I'll do that'. See 'Proviso' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stipulate' in WordNet: 1. (4) stipulate, qualify, condition, specify - (specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement; 'The will stipulates that she can live in the house for the rest of her life'; 'The contract stipulates the dates of the payments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proviso ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :StipulationCondition ] . :StipulationCondition :ldoce "condition" ; :wnsense "condition3n" ; :wordnet "condition" ; a :FutureSituationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A StipulationCondition is DesiredFutureSituation that is the topic and referent of a Stipulation (a Request). NOTE: this is the actual Situation (or Action) envisioned in a Proviso, which is expected to be executed by the party on whom it is an Obligation if the proposed Agreement is agreed to. This is the '. . . ' in the phrase 'on condition that . . .' This situation will often have multiple parts, each of which would be a 'Subevent' of the overall situation. condition, term """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesiredFutureSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Proviso ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesiredIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Stipulation :Proviso ) ] ] . :Stirring :en "stirring" ; :guid "bd5899a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stir1v" ; :wordnet "stir" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of actions in which a liquid or other substance is agitated with a continuous or repetitive motion. Stirring is usually performed with an implement such as a spoon. NOTE: the Cyc specification of 'Stirring' as an action causing liquid to agitate is adopted for COSMO. Mixing is not required. SUMO: Any instance of LiquidMotion which is also an instance of Combining two or more Liquids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stir' in Wordnet: 1. (11) stir - (move an implement through with a circular motion; 'stir the soup'; 'stir my drink') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidMotion, :MaterialHandling . :Stirrup :guid "c10c1f96-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stirrup iron1n", "stirrup1n" ; :wordnet "stirrup", "stirrup iron" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all stirrups - rings or loops for the feet while riding, usually connected to (part of) a saddle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stirrup' in WordNet: 1. (3) stirrup, stirrup iron - (support consisting of metal loops into which rider's feet go) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosedLoopObject, :Device, :HandSizedObject, :PhysicalPartOfObject, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanFoot ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RidingaHorse ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saddle ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAttachTo ] . :Stitch :hasShape :LoopShaped ; :ldoce "stitch" ; :wnsense "stitch1n" ; :wordnet "stitch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each Stitch is one loop of a StringOrLine that has been drawn by a Sewing action through two objects, to hold them together. The number of stitches in a Swing will refer to the nimber of these Objects (which each can be only a part of StringOrline). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stitch' in WordNet: 1. (1) stitch - (sewing consisting of a link or loop or knot made by drawing a threaded needle through a fabric) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Configuration, :Fastener, :Loop, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :StringOrLine ] . :StitchingAWound :en "stitching a wound" ; :guid "c0fd507d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In each #$StitchingAWound, a wound is sewed up, typically with a suture. Notice that each taking of one single stitch is not a #$StitchingAWound, though it is one of the #$subEvents of the entire #$StitchingAWound event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SewingByHand, :TherapeuticProcess . :Stock :en "wares" ; :wnsense "inventory2n", "stock3n" ; :wordnet "inventory", "stock" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Stock'' is the Group of 'Merchandise'' on hand and available for sale by some Merchant (of any size). NOTe that this is the stock controlled by (not necesarily owned by) a single ''Merchant''. An instance of this type must specify the Merchant whose ''Stock'' it is. @mod43 Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stock' in WordNet: 3. (42) stock, inventory - (the merchandise that a shop has on hand; 'they carried a vast inventory of hardware'; 'they stopped selling in exact sizes in order to reduce inventory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Merchandise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ProductObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Merchant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForSale ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stock-Financial :guid "bd58af73-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stock1n" ; :wordnet "stock" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$AuthorizedAgreement and #$TradeableSecurity. Each instance of this collection is a share of ownership in some instance of #$LegalCorporation; its owner is an agent who is recorded as a shareholder in the official records of that corporation. A company may have several classes of #$Stock, such as Common, Preferred, Class A, Class B, etc. NOTE: the WN 'stock' is represented as 'capital' but the 'stock' that is traded is an asset that is no longer owned by the company that issued it, andis here just represented by an asset. The 'working capital' of a public company is generated by sales of ''Stock-Financial'', which become assets of the owners. Corresponds only approximately to noun sense 1 of 'stock' in WordNet: 1. (1865) stock - (the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest (equity); 'he owns a controlling share of the company's stock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TradeableSecurity . :StockBroker :guid "bd5881db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stockbroker1n" ; :wordnet "stockbroker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StockBroker'' is a subtype of ''ProfessionalBroker'' who who buys and sells securities (stock and bonds) for another for a ''Commission-Fee''. CYC: A specialization of both #$PersonWithOccupation and #$Broker. Each instance of #$StockBroker is a professional broker whose job consists in trading corporate stock on behalf of one or more clients. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stockbroker' in WordNet: 1. (1) stockbroker - (an agent in the buying and selling of stocks and bonds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProfessionalBroker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brokerage ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :StockCertificate :guid "c0fd4a24-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stock certificate1n", "stock11n" ; :wordnet "stock", "stock certificate" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC A specialization of #$OfficialDocument and #$CertificateDocument. Each instance of #$StockCertificate is a document issued by a corporation (see #$Business) to one of its shareholders, certifying the shareholder's ownership of some number of shares of #$Stock (q.v.) in that corporation. See also #$shareholders. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stock certificate' in WordNet: 1. stock certificate, stock - (a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation; 'the value of his stocks doubled during the past year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TradeableSecurityCertificate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Stock-Financial ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :StockDividend :wnsense "dividend1n" ; :wordnet "dividend" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StockDividend'' is that portion of the ''Profit'' ('Income' of a jointly owned business) that is paid to each of the holders of some ''ShareOfStock'' of the company. In any give year or quarter when a ''StockDividend'' is paid out, the total ''Profit'' may be less than the total of the ''StockDividend''s, so this does not imply that the total divdends are a proper part of the earnings, though in the long run the dividends need to be less than the ''Profit'' to avoid bankruptcy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'dividend' in WordNet: 1. (5) dividend - (that part of the earnings of a corporation that is distributed to its shareholders; usually paid quarterly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profit . :StockExchange :wnsense "stock exchange1n", "stock market1n" ; :wordnet "stock exchange", "stock market" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StockExchange'' is a 'PhysicalExchange'' where stocks and/or bonds traded. This is a physical place, one of the most famous being the New York Stock Exchange on (or just off) Wall Street in New York City.. For the more abstract 'exchange' that is an electronically connected Group of sites for trading, the type ''VirtualExchange'' can be used. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'stock exchange' (for stocks and bonds) in WordNet: 1. stock exchange, stock market, securities market - (an exchange where security trading is conducted by professional stockbrokers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalExchange, :SecuritiesExchange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TradingStocks ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :StockOption :wnsense "stock option1n" ; :wordnet "stock option" ; a :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Right to purchase or sell a specific quantity of a financial security .at a fixed price within some period of time. This Right relates to some specific Agent with whom the transaction will be made. Options almost always have an expiration date, but do not have to expire. This RIght refers to the ability to choose from among courses of Action, specifically whether to buy or sell or do nothing. The specific actions that can be taken (e.g., buy 100 shares of WWW stock by date ?D) would be specified in the instance of 'Options' referenced by the relation 'refersToExternalEntity'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stock option' in WordNet: 1. stock option - (the right to buy or sell a stock at a specified price within a stated period) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Options ] . :StockProxy :wnsense "proxy2n" ; :wordnet "proxy" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'proxy' in WordNet: 2. proxy - (a power of attorney document given by shareholders of a corporation authorizing a specific vote on their behalf at a corporate meeting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PowerOfAttorney, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stocks ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :StockType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StockType' is a metatype which is a specialization of 'AssetType'; it can serve as type for financial assets generally or for Specific types of 'ShareOfstock', such as 'GeneralMotorsStock' or some subtype of a corporation's stock.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialAssetType . :Stocking :ldoce "sock" ; :wnsense "sock1n" ; :wordnet "sock" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''HosieryItem'' that is longer than a ''Sock'', often covering the upper leg in womens' hose. SUMO: A piece of Clothing that is made of a soft Fabric like Cotton and that is intended to be worn on the Foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stocking' in WordNet: 1. (4) stocking - (close-fitting hosiery to cover the foot and leg; come in matched pairs (usually used in the plural)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HosieryItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Stocks :en "stocks" ; :wnsense "stock11n" ; :wordnet "stock" ; a :FinancialAssetType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'FinancialAsset' that is a 'Group' of one or more 'ShareOfStock's by one LegalAgent. This Group may be all of the same type of stocks, or heterogeneous, as an individual's 'portfolio'. This could be the set of stocks in some stock fund. The closest Wordnet sense seems to be sense 11 of 'stock', but this 'Stocks' is broader including any collection of 'ShareOfStock's, and narrower, not including the actual physical certificate: in WordNet: 11. (5) stock certificate, stock - (a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation; 'the value of his stocks doubled during the past year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractObject, :FinancialAsset, :Group, :MoneyObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ShareOfStock ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasMonetaryValue ] . :Stolen :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Stealing ; :wnsense "purloined1adj", "stolen1adj" ; :wordnet "purloined", "stolen" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stolen'' is the AttributeValue of some ''ValuableThing'' (abstract or physical) that was taken from someone by a ''Stealing'' Action (by theft). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stolen' in Wordnet: 1. purloined, stolen - (taken dishonestly; 'the purloined letter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lost . :Stomach :guid "bd58e5aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "stomach" ; :wnsense "stomach1n", "tummy1n" ; :wordnet "stomach", "tummy" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InternalOrgan. Each instance of #$Stomach is an organ which is part of the digestive system (see the collection #$DigestiveSystem) of some animal. SUMO: A muscular sac that is the principal organ of digestion. For the general region of the stomach (not just the organ) see 'Belly'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stomach' in WordNet: 1. (23) stomach, tummy, tum, breadbasket - (an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalOrgan, :Sac-Organic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlimentaryCanal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distensible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StomachGas :en "stomach gas" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StomachGas'' is a mixture of gases of varied composition present in the ''Stomach'' of some animal. It is usually produced by reactions in the materials swallowed, but some air may be swallowed, and some carbon dioxide may be generated by swallowed carbonated beverages. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GasMixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stomach ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Stomachache :en "tummy ache" ; :guid "c0fd45c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bellyache1n", "gastralgia1n", "stomach ache1n", "stomachache1n" ; :wordnet "bellyache", "gastralgia", "stomach ache", "stomachache" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The condition of having a stomach ache, the internal pain in the lower half of the torso which may be generalized or somewhat localized, but does not include, for example, the pain associated with a cut on your hip. \" Abdominal pain, often known as stomach, belly or tummy ache, usually refers to cramps or a dull ache in the belly (abdomen). It's usually short-lived and caused by a minor upset or stomach bug. \" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stomachache' in WordNet: 1. stomachache, stomach ache, bellyache, gastralgia - (an ache localized in the stomach or abdominal region) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ache, :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stomach ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :Stone :guid "bd588e04-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rock", "stone" ; :wnsense "rock2n", "stone2n" ; :wordnet "rock", "stone" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :StoneType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Called 'StoneStuff' in Cyc (an Object in Cyc, a Substance in COSMO). A solid PhysicalSubstance that is in a crystalline form, and inorganic (possibly except for some small amount of included organic material), In COSMO this is a Substance, not an Object, whereas the Cyc term is an Object. COSMO does not make a distinction between 'rock' and 'stone', for the substance or for the object. Cyc: A specialization of (#$SolidFn #$RockyPlanetaryStuff). Each instance of #$StoneStuff is a piece or portion of rock or stone. Stone is widely used as a material for the construction of buildings, walls, monuments, and sculptures. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stone' and sense 1 of 'rock' in WordNet: 2. (148) rock, stone - (material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust; 'that mountain is solid rock'; 'stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionMaterialType, :LandStuff, :Mineral, :StructuralSupportStuff . :Stone-Mass :wnsense "stone6n" ; :wordnet "stone" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stone-Mass'' ('stone') is a mass unit used mostly in Great Britain, equal to 14 pounds. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'stone' in WordNet: 6. (4) stone - (an avoirdupois unit used to measure the weight of a human body; equal to 14 pounds; 'a heavy chap who must have weighed more than twenty stone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassMeasure . :StoneAge :wnsense "Stone Age1n" ; :wordnet "Stone Age" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StoneAge'' is the ''HistoricalPeriod'' during which ''Stone'' was the primary material on which tools and weapons were based. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Stone Age' in WordNet: 1. Stone Age - ((archeology) the earliest known period of human culture, characterized by the use of stone implements) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HistoricalPeriod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BronzeAge ; owl:onProperty :precedes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Antiquity ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ] . :StoneArtifact a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StoneArtifact'' is any ArtifactObject made of ''Stone'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :StoneObject :wnsense "stone1n" ; :wordnet "stone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN does not make a distinction between 'rock' and 'stone', for the substance or for the object. This type, is for an Object, whether natural or mofified or manufactured by people. The label for this is 'stone'. A natural stone would be a ''StoneObject-Natural''; the label 'rock' is for natural ojects only. Corresponds to part (for the object) of noun sense 1 of 'stone' in WordNet: 1. (330) rock, stone - (a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter; 'he threw a rock at me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :StoneObject-Natural :guid "c0fb9d39-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rock", "stone" ; :wnsense "rock1n", "stone1n" ; :wordnet "rock", "stone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Instances are individual rocks, pebbles, boulders etc. NOTE: COSMO does not make a distinction between 'rock' and 'stone', for the substance or for the object, though 'rocks' as objects tend to be smaller than stones; no clear distinction could be determined. A 'rock' can be too big to lift,so it is not necessarily a SmallObject. NOTE that this type, as in WordNet, is the parent for a ''SingleCrystal'' that is one crystal with a regularly repeating pattern of atoms. The subtypes can be ''ArtifactObject''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stone' and sense 1 of 'rock' in WordNet: 1. (330) rock, stone - (a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter; 'he threw a rock at me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HomogeneousSolidObject, :InanimateObject-Natural, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Igneous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StoneOrCoral a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StoneOrCoral' is the union of classes 'Stone' and 'CoralStuff', created to provide a substance that is the constitutent substance of 'Sand' regardless of where the sand may be found. For use of this class, see 'GrainOfSand' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoralStuff, :Stone ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CoralStuff :Stone ) ] . :StoneSculpture :guid "bd588a9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Stone sculptures as art forms." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sculpture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :StoneStructure a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FixedStructure'' made of stone or brick, the construction of such that a ''Mason'' would be likely to have expertise in. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :StoneType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mason ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :StoneType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StoneType'' can serve as type for subtypes of ''Stone'' to allow an argument restriction for the relations on ''Stone''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstanceType . :Stoned :isTheOppositeOf :Sober ; :wnsense "hopped-up2adj", "stoned1adj" ; :wordnet "hopped-up", "stoned" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stoned' in Wordnet: 1. hopped-up, stoned - (under the influence of narcotics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intoxicated . :Stool :guid "bd5885df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stool1n" ; :wordnet "stool" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SeatingDevice'' for one person with no arms or ''BackRest''. NOTE: as a 'PortableObject' a 'Stool' must not be fastened down nor be so large that it cannot be moved by an average person. This excludes seats in auditoriums, massive thrones, and some other things that serve in a similar function as a one-person seating object. In COSMO usage, a ''Stool'' cannot have a ''BackRest''. Otherwise it is a ''Chair''. Cyc: ('Stool-PieceOfFurniture') A seating device with no arms or back. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stool' in WordNet: 1. (3) stool - (a simple seat without a back or arms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :Person-SupportingFurniture, :PortableObject, :SeatingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BackRest ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArmRest ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHavePart ] . :Stoop :wnsense "stoop3n" ; :wordnet "stoop" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stoop'' is a small ''Porch'' it has steps leading to the *front* exterior door of the building, and may not have any covering over it. RHW: a small raised platform, approached by steps and sometimes having a roof and seats, at the entrance of a house; a small porch. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stoop' in WordNet: 3. stoop, stoep - (small porch or set of steps at the front entrance of a house) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Platform, :Porch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FrontDoor ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlightOfStairs ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :StopTalking a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StopTalking'' is the Action of a Person who wasperforming ''Speaking'' and then stops, typically temporarily, but this is for assertions where in context the duration of the stopping is understood approximately. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :StoppingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Speaking ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Silence ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Stopover :wnsense "layover1n", "stop3n", "stopover2n" ; :wordnet "layover", "stop", "stopover" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stopover'' is a ''StayingInaPlace'' that is part of a ''Travel-TripEvent''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stopover' in WordNet: 2. stop, stopover, layover - (a brief stay in the course of a journey; 'they made a stopover to visit their friends') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StayingInaPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Travel-TripEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brief ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stoppage :wnsense "blockage1n", "obstruction2n" ; :wordnet "blockage", "obstruction" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE the 'pipe or tube' in the gloss for this WN synset is interpreted broadly to include ''BodyPassageway''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stoppage' in WordNet: 2. blockage, block, closure, occlusion, stop, stoppage - (an obstruction in a pipe or tube; \"we had to call a plumber to clear out the blockage in the drainpipe\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Path-Physical ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarrierObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PassingThroughSomething ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :StoppingEvent :ldoce "end", "stop" ; :wnsense "end1v", "end2v", "stop1v", "stop2v", "stop5v", "stop9v", "terminate1v" ; :wordnet "end", "stop", "terminate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event (which may be part of a larger Event) that results in the the stopping of some ongoing Event. This is the general sense, which can be an action causing a halt to some ongoing process, or a halting of the process that is not caused by some other Event. The restriction requires that the Event that is comes to a stop (or is caused to stop) must be specified. In the phrase 'He stopped X-ing' the X is the Event that came to a halt. This is the most general sense of 'stopping' including natural or agentive, intentional or unintentional; - when one stops *intentionally* because of some specific motivation (anticipation of negative effects of continuation) use ''Desisting''. More subtypes are required to disambiguate the WordNet senses. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 (intransitive) and sense 5 (transitive) and part of sense 9 (not including the 'end' of an Object, only of Events) of 'stop', and senses 1 and 2 of 'end' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'terminate' in WordNet: 1. (58) stop, halt - (come to a halt, stop moving; 'the car stopped'; 'She stopped in front of a store window') 2. (56) discontinue, stop, cease, give up, quit, lay off - (put an end to a state or an activity; 'Quit teasing your little brother') 5. (7) stop - (cause to stop; 'stop a car'; 'stop the thief') 9. (1) end, stop, finish, terminate, cease - - (have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical; 'the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed'; 'Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other'; 'My property ends by the bushes'; 'The symphony ends in a pianissimo') WN 'end' WN NOTE that 'stop a car' means stop the motion of the car. 1. (53) end, stop, finish, terminate, cease - - (have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical; 'the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed'; 'Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other'; 'My property ends by the bushes'; 'The symphony ends in a pianissimo') 2. (29) end, terminate - - (bring to an end or halt; 'She ended their friendship when she found out that he had once been convicted of a crime'; 'The attack on Poland terminated the relatively peaceful period after WW I') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :finishes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ] . :StoppingPlace a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StoppingPlace'' is any Place on a ''Path-Physical'' where a traveller can or must stop and stay still for any of various purposes, for various intervals of time. The Event that happens during the stop varies considerably. Subtypes are more specific. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'stop' in WordNet: 5. (1) stop - (a spot where something halts or pauses; 'his next stop is Atlanta') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportFacility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Roadway :Path-Physical ) ] ] . :StoppingaVehicle a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StoppingaVehicle'' is a ''HaltingEvent'' in which the driver of a vehicle (which could be an automaton) adjusts the controls of the vehicle so that it stops and rests (at least temporarily) in some location. This is a 'purposeful' (intentional) gradual Halting motion, and crashing into a barrier is not an instance.. *NOTE* There are multiple subtypes - parking a car, stopping at at red light, landing an airplane, bringing a ship to a dock, bringing a blimpto a pylon, and any other way a controlled vehicle can have its motion halted by the 'driver' (or pilot). Concepts that need differentiation: 'parked' versus temporarily stopped (parking is temporary - in the sense of not permamnent) i.e. halting for good versus pausing Doing this voluntarily or being forced to - ordered by police versus blocked by traffic or roadblock. Braking - causes deceleration may cause stopping. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HaltingGradually, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Driver ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DecelerationOfaVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Movement-TranslationEvent ; owl:onProperty :finishes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stationary ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Stopwatch :wnsense "stopo watch1n", "stopwatch1n" ; :wordnet "stopo watch", "stopwatch" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stopwatch'' is a ''Timepiece'' that measures the passage of Time, starting at some specific time that is set when some Event starts (e.g. a running of a certain distance) in order to determine the amount of time that the Event takes to complete. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stopwatch' in WordNet: 1. stopwatch, stopo watch - (a timepiece that can be started or stopped for exact timing (as of a race)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :SelfPoweredDevice, :Timepiece, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimeDuration ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :StorageConstruct :guid "bd58ced5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type includes not only reusable storage contructs like closets, deigned to put thing in and take them out many times, but single-use containers like metal cans which, once opened, cannot be reused. Cyc: #$StorageConstruct is a specialization of #$ContainerArtifact. Each instance of #$StorageConstruct is a container used primarily for storing something and includes such things as closets, trunks of cars, and attics. Negative examples would be #$Sink, #$Sandbox, and #$SewerLine, since their primary purpose is something other than storing something.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :StorageEntity . :StorageConstructInABuilding :guid "bd58f80d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "storage space1n" ; :wordnet "storage space" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of built-in storage areas in a structure Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'storage space' in WordNet: 1. storage space - (the area in any structure that provides space for storage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :PartOfBuilding, :StorageConstruct . :StorageEntity a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A StorageEntity is any of a wide variety of Sources that are PhysicalObjects and serve as containers from which something (substances, objects, energy, assets. information) can be 'withdrawn' and into which the same things can be or have been put, by agents or by natural (e.g. geological) processes. This includes artifacts such as warehouses or closets, and also natural geological formations from which oil, gas, or water can be withdrawn. Though narrower than 'Source' this type is still interpreted very broadly. Artifactual StorageEntity's that can be used by Agents to keep things temporarily will be subtypes or instances of ContainerArtifact. There is no exact WordNet equivalent to this concept; the WordNet 'store, storehouse' captures only a small part of all the possible subtypes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Container, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StorageOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :StorageFacility :en "storage facility" ; :enn "storage facility" ; :guid "bee741ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$ConstructionArtifacts, one major function of which is to hold large amounts of products. A #$Warehouse is a good example, though StorageFacilities need not be restricted to buildings; parts of a #$StorageFacility can include the grounds surrounding a #$Warehouse. In the case of military StorageFacilities, there will often be several #$Warehouses or similar structures located at one facility. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :StorageEntity . :StorageOfSomething :en "storing" ; :guid "bd588bb3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "keep", "store" ; :wnsense "keep18v", "keep19v", "keep20v", "storage1n", "store1v" ; :wordnet "keep", "storage", "store" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A 'StorageOfSomething' may be merely to be avoid losing something, or to be sure one knows where to find it ('keep it on a hook') or be specifically to avoid something being stolen. Keeping a pet animal would be an action to avoid loss or harm to the animal. The thing 'kept' can be abstract, such as a secret in 'keeping a secret'. NOTE that abstract things such as Information can also be 'stored', as in devices that can represent information. See the subtype 'KeepingInformation'. Each 'StorageOfSomething' should be an action (a stative action) that is subsequent to a 'PuttingSomethingSomewhere'. Includes senses 18, 19, and 20 of 'keep' (but 'keeping an apartment' is a borderline case) in WordNet: 18. keep - (store or keep customarily; 'Where do you keep your gardening tools?') 19. keep - (have as a supply; 'I always keep batteries in the freezer'; 'keep food for a week in the pantry'; 'She keeps a sixpack and a week's worth of supplies in the refrigerator') 20. keep, maintain - (maintain for use and service; 'I keep a car in the countryside'; 'She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips') """, """'StorageOfSomething' is the intentional *keeping* of something in a storage location, a ''PersistentState''. Actually **putting** something into its storage location is represented as ''PuttingSomethingIntoStorage''. The WN synsets for 'store' senses 1 and 2 have the same parent and there appears to be no distinction between putting something into storage and keeping it in storage. Sense 1 of 'store' is represented both in ''PuttingSomethingIntoStorage'' and the resulting ''PersistentState'' 'StorageOfSomething''. The distinction in linguistic usage will need careful look at the examples. Cyc: This unit represents the static situation of something in storage. Also see #$StoringSomething. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'store' and noun sense 1 of 'storage' in WordNet; this is only for people keeping things in a storage location, not bears or physiological 'storage': in WordNet: 1. (18) store, hive away, lay in, put in, salt away, stack away, stash away - (keep or lay aside for future use; 'store grain for the winter'; 'The bear stores fat for the period of hibernation when he doesn't eat') WN noun 'storage': 1. (7) storage - (the act of storing something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething, :Keeping, :PersistentState, :Possession, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PuttingSomethingIntoStorage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isInitiatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PuttingSomethingIntoStorage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Preserving ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :StorageRoom a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A roomlike structure within a HOC, used for storage, and having a portal to another room or a passageway of the HOC. @ToDo: The size is not well-defined, bt is usually smaller than the average room in a house. Is a basement garage in an office building a ''StorageRoom''? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, :StorageConstructInABuilding . :StorageTank :guid "c1007077-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "storage tank1n", "tank2n" ; :wordnet "storage tank", "tank" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StorageTank'' is a usually metallic, usually (but not alway - see ''Aquarium'') cylindrical''Container'' for holding fluids. It is nonportable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tank' in WordNet: 2. (3) tank, storage tank - (a large (usually metallic) vessel for holding gases or liquids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidContainer, :HumanSizedObject, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ] . :StoredInformationArtifact :en "information storage object", "stored information artifact", "stored information object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''StoredInformationArtifact'' is a ''InformationStorageMediumObject'' on which some Information has been recorded. This includes, e.g. tapes, phonograph records, CD's and DVDs and thumb drives and magnetic disk drives *if* they have any information stored on them. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationStorageMediumObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Information ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Information ; owl:onProperty :contains ] . :Storefront :wnsense "shopfront1n", "storefront1n" ; :wordnet "shopfront", "storefront" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Storefront'' is the ''FrontSide'' of a ''RetailStore'', Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'storefront' in WordNet: 1. (2) shopfront, storefront - (the front side of a store facing the street; usually contains display windows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrontSide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailStore ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :Storehouse :wnsense "depot2n", "entrepot2n", "storage2n", "store4n", "storehouse1n" ; :wordnet "depot", "entrepot", "storage", "store", "storehouse" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Storehouse'' is a ''Repository'' for storing PhysicalObjects (including liquid objects) for future use. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'storehouse' in WordNet: 1. (3) storehouse, depot, entrepot, storage, store - (a depository for goods; 'storehouses were built close to the docks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Container, :Holder, :Repository, :Supply, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StorageOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Storey :guid "bd58b9ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "floor", "level", "story" ; :wnsense "floor2n", "level7n", "storey1n", "story3n" ; :wordnet "floor", "level", "storey", "story" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One floor ('level') of a Building, which may be only a one-storey building. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'storey, sense 3 of 'story' and sense 2 of 'floor' and sense 7 of 'level' in WordNet: 1. floor, level, storey, story - (a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; 'what level is the office on?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, :SpaceInAFixedHOC . :StoringBooks a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StoringBooks'' is a subtype of 'StorageOfSomething' in which the 'something' stored is physical ''Book-Physical''s of any size. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Book-Physical ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKept ] . :StoringElectricalCharge :en "storing electrical charge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StoringElectricalCharge is a specialized subtype of 'StorageOfSomething' in which the 'something' stored is electrical charge - positive or negative or usually both, in the form of ''ChargedParticle''s such as electrons and corresponding positively charged regions balancing the electrons in devices like a ''Capacitor''. This is the specific function of a ''Capacitor''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingSomething, :StorageOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChargedParticle ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKept ] . :StoringEnergy a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StoringEnergy'' is a specialized subtype of 'StorageOfSomething' in which the 'something' stored is ''Energy'' in any form. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Energy ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKept ] . :StoringInformation :causes :StorageOfSomething ; :en "store information" ; :eng "storing information" ; :env "store information" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StoringInformation'' is a ''PuttingSomethingIntoStorage'' where the 'something' is ''Information'' in some form, digital or analog, onto some ''InformationStorageMediumObject''. This is not necessarily a 'recording' or a 'copying' of information, as both would be subtypes. This is an ''Action'' and """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingIntoStorage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StorageOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Stork :guid "bd58c4a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stork1n" ; :wordnet "stork" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Long-legged large bird. In the mythology told to young children, it delivers newborn babies. Getting 'A visit from the stork' is to have a new baby. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stork' in WordNet: 1. stork - (large mostly Old World wading birds typically having white-and-black plumage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :StormAsEvent :guid "bd588459-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "storm" ; :wnsense "storm1n" ; :wordnet "storm" ; a :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: not necessarily precipitation. The linguistic 'storm' includes this type and 'StormAsObject' (which see) Cyc: The kind of storms directly perceivable by people on the ground on Earth - Rainstorms, windstorms, sandstorms, but not ionospheric electrical disturbances, underwater phenomena. Storms are short-lived when experienced from the ground (#$AmbientConditionsMt). See also #$StormAsObject. Corresponds to a supertype of noun sense 1 of 'storm' in WordNet; this COSMO type does not require high winds or precipitation (sandstorm, windstorm) at all: in WordNet: 1. (8) storm, violent storm - (a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightening) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImmediateWeatherProcess . :StormAsObject :guid "c0fbb77c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "storm" ; :wnsense "storm1n" ; :wordnet "storm" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large object, mostly gaseous, turbulent region where high winds occurs. Often contains precipitation. See also #$StormAsEvent. Corresponds to a supertype of noun sense 1 of 'storm' in WordNet; this COSMO type does not require high winds or precipitation (sandstorm, windstorm) at all: in WordNet: 1. (8) storm, violent storm - (a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightening) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InanimateObject-Natural . :Stormy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Rain, :Wind ; :wnsense "stormy1dj" ; :wordnet "stormy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''Rainy'indicating that in addition to ''Rain'' there was significant ''Wind''. Should have some way to say 'Rainy and Windy' as an attribute. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'stormy' in WordNet (pertaining to weather, not commotion): in WordNet: 1. (2) stormy - ((especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion; 'a stormy day'; 'wide and stormy seas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rainy, :Windy . :Story :guid "bd5889f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "story" ; :wnsense "story2n" ; :wordnet "story" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of microtheories each of which contains the assertional content of a story - a #$Narrative describing a particular sequence of events which occur to one or more characters in the story. The story is at least partially fictional as opposed to true stories, represented in the parent category 'Narrative'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'story' in WordNet: 2. (14) story - (a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events; 'he writes stories for the magazines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narrative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fictional ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StoryFlashback :wnsense "flashback1n" ; :wordnet "flashback" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''StoryFlashback'' is a ''Passage'' in an ''AbstractText'' that interrupts the present-day story to recount Events that have happened in the (fictional) past that connect in some way to the present-day narrative. The past events may include one or more of the main characters of the story,but not necessarily. This type repreesents the narrative representing the past event, not the 'transition' from the main story to that subsidiary narrative. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'flashback' (for text,not movies) in WordNet: 1. (1) flashback - (a transition (in literary or theatrical works or films) to an earlier event or scene that interrupts the normal chronological development of the story) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Passage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Narrative ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PastEvent ] . :StoryProgram a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StoryProgram'' is a Specification for the actions that are to be performed as part of a ''DramaticPerformance'', which,together with a ''DramaScript'' or ''Screenplay'' specifies what the performance should look and sound like. During the execution of the ''DramaticPerformance'' specification the scenes may be deicted by a physical ''Storyboard''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DevisedStructuredActivity, :ProgramForPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Storyboard ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :StoryTeller :wnsense "storyteller1n" ; :wordnet "storyteller" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StoryTeller'' is a ''Narrator'' who tells stories (fictional ''Narrative''s) not necessarily original and at least partly fictional.. The stories have to be connected narratives of more than a few sentences in length. 'conveysInformation'?? - Story (fictional) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'storyteller' in WordNet: 1. (2) narrator, storyteller, teller - (someone who tells a story) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narrator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoryTelling ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :StoryTelling :en "story telling", "storytelling", "telling stories" ; :enn "story telling", "storytelling", "telling stories" ; :guid "bd58b31d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "narration2n", "recital1n", "yarn1n", "yarn1v" ; :wordnet "narration", "recital", "yarn" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StoryTelling'' is ''Narrating'' a ''Story''. In CYC this is for oral narration - this type is not so specific. Perhaps there should be subtypes?? There should be a storytelling for ''FictionalStory''s. CYC: This is the collection of acts of orally communicating a story, as opposed to writing one down. In RHW: the telling or writing of stories. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'yarn' in WordNet: 1. yarn - (tell or spin a yarn) WN noun 'yarn': 1. narration, recital, yarn - (the act of giving an account describing incidents or a course of events; 'his narration was hesitant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narrating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Story ; owl:onProperty :produced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Story ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ] . :Storyboard :en "storyboard" ; :enn "storyboard" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Storyboard'' is a sequence of visual sketches that are representations of the scenes specified in a ''StoryProgram'' No WN sense. RHW 'storyboard': a panel or panels on which a sequence of sketches depict the significant changes of action and scene in a planned film, as for a movie, television show, or advertisement. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DevisedStructuredActivity, :ProgramForPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StoryProgram ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :StoveBurner :guid "bd58ba67-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "burner2n" ; :wordnet "burner" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Burner' A burner on a stove. This will be the heater on the top of a stove or cooking range, whether it is heated by gas or electricity. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'burner' in WordNet: 2. burner - (the heating elements of a stove or range on which pots and pans are placed for cooking; 'the electric range had one large burner and three smaller ones') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeatingElement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cooktop-Device ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CookingFood ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :StraddlingPosture :eng "straddling" ; :wnsense "straddle1v", "straddle3n" ; :wordnet "straddle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''StraddlingPosture'' is a ''Posture'' (a ''PersistentState'') in which a ''Person'' has ''BothLegs'' or ''BothFeet'' positioned on opposite sides of something. If standing, the thing (e.g. a ''Stream'') between can be beneath the feet, which are supporting the Person; if sitting (as on a ''Horse'') the thing between will usually be supporting the Person. NOTE: the thing that is 'straddled' can be represented using the relation 'hasDirectObject'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'straddle' in WordNet: 1. (4) straddle - (sit or stand astride of) WN noun 'straddle': 3. straddle, span - (the act of sitting or standing astride) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Posture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :TwoLegsOrFeetType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingObject ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Astride ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :Straight :guid "9fff4e00-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Crooked, :Curved ; :wnsense "straight2adj" ; :wordnet "straight" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not curved. COSMO note: In cyc this is an Object, in COSMO an attribute. For the object, see 'StraightObject'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'straight' in WordNet: 2. (6) straight - (having no deviations; 'straight lines'; 'straight roads across the desert'; 'straight teeth'; 'straight shoulders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThin . :StraightHandle :ldoce "handle" ; :wnsense "handle1n" ; :wordnet "handle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StraightHandle' is a subtype of 'Handle' that is (relatively) straight, long, and (relatively) thin, in contrast to a 'LoopedHandle' as on a coffee mug. The protypical 'StraightHandle' is the handle of a 'Hammer'. There may be some curvature or protrusions, as on a pump handle or axe handle, but the main distinction is that a 'StraightHandle' is not looped. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'handle' in WordNet: 1. (5) handle, grip, handgrip, hold - (the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it; 'he grabbed the hammer by the handle'; 'it was an old briefcase but it still had a good grip') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handle, :StraightLongAndThinObject . :StraightLine :wnsense "straight line1n" ; :wordnet "straight line" ; a :ObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A straight line of any length in any geometric or real space. Both a Region and a ShapeType. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'straight line' in WordNet: 1. (8) straight line - (a line traced by a point traveling in a constant direction; a line of zero curvature; \"the shortest distance between two points is a straight line\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Line, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Straight ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StraightLongAndThinObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SolidObject physical that is straight, rigid, and LongAndThin. For things like pins, rods, sticks - distinctively shaped. A LongAndThinObject doesn't have to be very long,just >5 times longer than the diameter or width. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, :StraightObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StraightObject a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any RigidObject that is > 2X longer than it is wide, and is relatively straight, with only minor deviations, such as the common warping of a piece of lumber, or the miknor curvatures on the handle of an axe or pump handle. The edge does not have to smooth or cylindrical, it can have bumps and features, but it should be sufficiently long and narrow and without prominent curves that most people would describe it as 'straight'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Straight ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :StraightPath a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Path that is straight in the usual geometric sense. A ''StraightPath'' may serve any number of purposes..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Physical, :Path-Simple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightLine ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectilinearShaking ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :StraightPin :ldoce "pin" ; :wnsense "pin9n" ; :wordnet "pin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Pin that is straight (in contrast to a safety pin), and is intended to be used as a fastener. Corresponds to part of noun sense 9 of 'pin' in WordNet, excluding wood 'pins' and 'safety pins': 9. pin - (a small slender (often pointed) piece of wood or metal used to support or fasten or attach things) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :MetalObject, :Pin, :Shaft . :Straightening :wnsense "straighten out1v", "straighten1v", "straighten2v", "unbend1v" ; :wordnet "straighten", "straighten out", "unbend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Straightening'' is a Action in which some agent causes a ''SolidObject'' (or ObjectGroup) to go from a curved or bent shape to a ''Straight'' (or straighter) shape. This also includes alignment into a Line were the line is not rigidly straight, but somewht curved in a predefined manner. NOTE: This includes the 'straighten up' referring to posture, as WN sense 1 seems to do, but that should be a separate sense, perhaps a subtype For 'straightening up' a room see ''Tidying'' or ''Organizing''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'straighten' in in WordNet: 1. (7) straighten, unbend - (straighten up or out; make straight) 2. (6) straighten, straighten out - (make straight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Straight ; owl:onProperty :mayCauseObjectToBecome ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Straight ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Crooked ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bending ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :StraighteningTeeth :en "straightening teeth" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StraighteningTeeth'' is a 'Straightening'' Action in which some group of ''Teeth'' that are growing in some degree of misalighment is 'aligned' (a form of 'straightened', not necessarily into a straight line, but aligned to the normal line, usually a slight curve, done gradually over months or years , by some form of orthodontic device) #Perhaps properly aligned' would be a better label# """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Straightening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teeth ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Straightforward :isTheOppositeOf :DifficultToUnderstand ; :wnsense "straightforward1adj" ; :wordnet "straightforward" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Straightforward'' is the attribute of a document or procedure that is ''Unambiguous'' and ''Clear'' and easy to understand or perform. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'straightforward' in Wordnet: 1. (2) straightforward - (free from ambiguity; 'a straightforward set of instructions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clear, :Unambiguous . :StraightforwardAndSquare :isTheOppositeOf :Evasive ; :wnsense "square5adj", "straight12adj", "straightforward1adj" ; :wordnet "square", "straight", "straightforward" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StraightforwardAndSquare'' is the attribute of a Communication, that conveys fully what the speaker believes, without evasion. 'give me the straight facts' Corresponds to adjective sense 12 of 'straight' in Wordnet: 12. square, straightforward, straight - (without evasion or compromise; 'a square contradiction'; 'he is not being as straightforward as it appears') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frank . :Strained :wnsense "labored1adj", "laboured1adj", "strained1adj" ; :wordnet "labored", "laboured", "strained" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'strained' in Wordnet: 1. (3) labored, laboured, strained - (lacking natural ease; 'a labored style of debating') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Strainer :wnsense "strainer1n" ; :wordnet "strainer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Screen-like ''PhysicalFilter'' that may be used for filtering liquids,but does not have fine pores like a ''filter'. In cooking, a bowl-like object with holes in the bottom (e.g. a 'colander') can serve as a''Strainer''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strainer' in WordNet: 1. strainer - (a filter to retain larger pieces while smaller pieces and liquids pass through) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalFilter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sieving ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :Strait :en "strait" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Wide ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Strait'' is an archaic term meaning ''Narrow'', used of passageways. \" It matters not how strait the gate \" RHW: 5. narrow: Strait is the gate. 6. affording little space; confined in area. Not in WN in this sense. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narrow . :Strait-Waterway :guid "bd5892d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "strait1n" ; :wordnet "strait" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is restricted to salt water Straits. Cyc: 'Strait': The collection of water passageways connecting two larger bodies of water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strait' in Wordnet: 1. (3) strait, sound - (a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfSaltWater, :LongAndThinObject, :WaterSurfacePath, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterTransportationVehicle ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strait ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfSaltWater ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ] . :Strand :wnsense "strand4n" ; :wordnet "strand" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of 'strand'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'strand' in WordNet: 4. fibril, filament, strand - (a very slender natural or synthetic fiber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fiber ; owl:minCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Stranded :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Stranding ; :wnsense "stranded1adj" ; :wordnet "stranded" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Marooned' is a form of ''Isolated'' for People who are left by some agent providing travel services in some location where they no longer have the means to leave that they were expecting. This is a secalized sense of 'stranded' for this specific situation. For being 'stranded' on an island, use ''Marooned''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'stranded' in Wordnet: 1. (1) isolated, marooned, stranded - (cut off or left behind; 'an isolated pawn'; 'several stranded fish in a tide pool'; 'travelers marooned by the blizzard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Isolated . :Stranding :wnsense "strand1v" ; :wordnet "strand" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stranding' is a ''Forsaking'' where The ''Person''(s) maroooned are unable to leave with the expected assistance of the Agent(s) with whom they arrived at the place where they are 'Stranded'. This can be used, e.g., for travellers left by a travel agency that goes out of business, or some disruption of travel services. For being 'marooned' on an island or in a wilderness, use ''BecomingMarooned''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'strand' in WordNet: 1. (1) maroon, strand - (leave stranded or isolated with little hope of rescue; 'the travellers were marooned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forsaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stranded ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Strange :ldoce "odd", "strange" ; :wnsense "curious1adj", "funny2adj", "odd4adj", "peculiar1adj", "queer1adj", "singular2adj", "strange4adj", "unusual12adj" ; :wordnet "curious", "funny", "odd", "peculiar", "queer", "singular", "strange", "unusual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Strange' is a property that can be assigned to something that is not just unusual, but surprisingly so; unusual in an unexpected way; odd. For the sense of 'unusual' but still only deviating somewhat from normal in a property for which deviations are known to occur, use 'Unusual'. NOTE: 'rummy' is British slang - omitted until needed. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'strange' , and sense 4 of 'odd' (which is also sense 1 of 'curious' and sense 1 of 'peculiar), in WordNet: WN 'strange' 1. (42) strange, unusual - (being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird; 'a strange exaltation that was indefinable'; 'a strange fantastical mind'; 'what a strange sense of humor she has') WN 'odd' 4. (1) curious, funny, odd, peculiar, queer, rum, rummy, singular - (beyond or deviating from the usual or expected; 'a curious hybrid accent'; 'her speech has a funny twang'; 'they have some funny ideas about war'; 'had an odd name'; 'the peculiar aromatic odor of cloves'; 'something definitely queer about this town'; 'what a rum fellow'; 'singular behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surprising, :Unusual . :Strangely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Strange ; :wnsense "funnily1adv", "oddly2adv", "queerly1adv", "strangely1adv", "strangely2adv" ; :wordnet "funnily", "oddly", "queerly", "strangely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Strangely'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses the notion that the assertion it modifies describes something ''Strange''. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'strangely' in WordNet: 1. (6) strangely - (in a strange way; 'he was strangely silent') 2. queerly, strangely, oddly, funnily - (in a strange manner; 'a queerly inscribed sheet of paper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Stranger :ldoce "stranger" ; :wnsense "alien2n", "stranger1n", "unknown2n" ; :wordnet "alien", "stranger", "unknown" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Stranger' is a HumanRole (a Person) with whom one is unfamiliar (a person one has not met and spoken to at least once). This is a ReciprocalRole, and should be a mutual relationship, though one of the acquainted people may forget about the other. At any given time, a person's set of Strangers should be disjoint with their set of Acquaintances, but this disjointness is time and person-dependent, and cannot be asserted between these two types. This type is close to the first sense of 'stranger' in RHW: RHW: 1. a person with whom one has had no personal acquaintance: He is a perfect stranger to me. The only sense of 'stranger' in WordNet does not appear to include this notion; in WordNet: 1. (15) stranger, alien, unknown - (anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :ReciprocalRole . :Strap :wnsense "strap1n" ; :wordnet "strap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ribbonlike flexible Object designed to either bind one Object to another, or to allow carrying something (see subtype ''CarryStrap'') or (in a conveyance) for passengers to hold onto to avoid being toppled by the acceleration forces. The 'straps' used to hold a bundle of objects together are also included in this broad concept. corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strap' in WordNet: 1. (2) strap - (an elongated leather strip (or a strip of similar material) for binding things together or holding something in position) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RibbonlikeObject . :StrapHandle :wnsense "strap1n", "strap2n" ; :wordnet "strap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ribbonlike flexible Object designed for grasping, to allow carrying something (see subtype ''CarryStrap'') or (in a conveyance) for passengers to hold onto to avoid being toppled by the acceleration forces. The 'straps' used to hold a bundle of objects together are also included in this broad concept. For a 'shoulder strap' that allow carrying cases to be supported by the shoulder, use subtye 'ShoulderStrap''. Includes noun sense 1, 2, of 'strap' in WordNet: 1. (2) strap - (an elongated leather strip (or a strip of similar material) for binding things together or holding something in position) 2. strap - (hanger consisting of a loop of leather suspended from the ceiling of a bus or train; passengers hold onto it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Handle, :RibbonlikeObject, :Strap . :Strategic :pertainsTo :Strategy ; :wnsense "strategic1adj", "strategic2adj" ; :wordnet "strategic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Strategic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Strategy'', whether military or civilian in context.. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'strategic' in WordNet: 1. (3) strategic, strategical - (relating to or concerned with strategy; 'strategic weapon'; 'the islands are of strategic importance'; 'strategic considerations') 2. (1) strategic - (highly important to or an integral part of a strategy or plan of action especially in war; 'a strategic chess move'; 'strategic withdrawal'; 'strategic bombing missions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Strategically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Strategic ; :wnsense "strategically1adv" ; :wordnet "strategically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Strategically'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes adjectives or Actions to specify that the adjective is relative to ''Strategy'' ('strategically poor location') or the Action is done for the purpose of good Strategy. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'strategically' in Wordnet: 1. strategically - (with regard to strategy; 'strategically important decisions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Strategist :wnsense "strategian1n", "strategist1n" ; :wordnet "strategian", "strategist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strategist' in WordNet: 1. (1) strategist, strategian - (an expert in strategy (especially in warfare)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :Planner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strategy ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Strategy :wnsense "strategy1n" ; :wordnet "strategy" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Plan with multiple components, more elaborate or formal than a simple ''Plan'' might be, having at least two component ''Tactic''s. Used of any complex plan, but mostly associated with military campaigns. NOTE: that a ''Strategy'' can be a plan for one Person's action; if more than one person performs the execution, it will be an instance of the subtype ''PlanFOrAnOperation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strategy' in Wordnet; however a 'scheme' intended to deceive would be the subtype ''Scheme''. in WordNet: 1. (12) scheme, strategy - (an elaborate and systematic plan of action) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Plan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Complex ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tactic ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Stratum :wnsense "stratum1n" ; :wordnet "stratum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes geological layers of sediment or 'Rock', as well as the tissue stratum mentioned in the WN gloss. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stratum' in WordNet: 1. (3) stratum - (one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Layer . :Straw :consistsOfManyOf :PlantStraw ; :wnsense "chaff1n", "husk1n", "shuck1n", "stalk1n", "straw2n", "stubble1n" ; :wordnet "chaff", "husk", "shuck", "stalk", "straw", "stubble" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance consisting mostly of many individual PlantStraw's - which may be fragemented and intermingled as to plant source. Straw may be used as fodder for animals or for making baskets and other artifacts, usually by weaving the fibrous part of the Straw. NOTE that Wordnet includes leaves and seed husks as part of 'straw', but this type will consist mostly of the stems; substances having a dominant composition of leaves and seed husks should be represented by some other type (@ToDo: perhaps 'chaff'?) Corresponds to senses 2 and 3 of 'straw' in RHW: 2. a mass of such stalks, esp. after drying and threshing, used as fodder. 3. material, fibers, etc., made from such stalks, as used for making hats or baskets. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'straw' in WordNet: 2. (2) chaff, husk, shuck, stalk, straw, stubble - (material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantProduct . :StrawFabric :consistsOfManyOf :PlantStraw ; :en "sheet of straw", "straw fabric" ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; a :FabricType, :PorousSheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StrawFabric is a 'Fabric' made from many individual stalks of ''Sraw''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :SheetlikeSubstance, :Surface-Open . :Strawberry :wnsense "strawberry1n" ; :wordnet "strawberry" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Strawberry'' is a reddish Berry growing as large as several centimeters in diameter. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strawberry' in Wordnet: 1. (1) strawberry - (sweet fleshy red fruit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Berry, :RedObject, :SweetTastingObject . :Streak :wnsense "streak3n" ; :wordnet "streak" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Streak' is a 'Mark' (a contrasting region on a surface) that is elongated but not necessarily 'thin'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'streak' in WordNet: 3. (1) stripe, streak - (a marking of a different color or texture from the background) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OuterPhysicalSurface ] . :StreakOfEvents :wnsense "run4n", "streak1n" ; :wordnet "run", "streak" ; a :GroupType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Streak'' is a Series of Events in sequence, each instance of which has some distinct characteristic that is considered *significant* (''Salient'' especially either good or bad) for some agent - 'streak of luck', 'streak of bad luck' etc. More specific subtypes can be created as needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streak' in WordNet: 1. (1) streak, run - (an unbroken series of events; 'had a streak of bad luck'; 'Nicklaus had a run of birdies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReiterativeEventSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Salient ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stream :guid "bd590774-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "stream" ; :wnsense "stream1n" ; :wordnet "stream" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Stream is an object that must contain a stream bed, and usually contains ''FlowingWater'' - i.e. a stream may be partly dry and still be a stream, but it must contain some water in some part, or it will be a different type of object. Because the water in a Stream does not have to be flowing at all times, a Stream is not a subtype of 'DynamicObject' (but a WaterWave is a 'DynamicObject'); but the water in the Stream might be thus classified. NOTE that this is also a subtype of ''FluidObject'', as the contained liquid (at some time) is the main matter of interest. NOTE hat this is also a subtype of ''GenericAgent'' because a Stream (or River) can 'do' things like cause damage. @ToDo: as of rev1107 the water in a Stream is not a 'DynamicObject', but this classification might be added if it appears useful in some domain ontology. See 'DynamicObject' for more discussion. COSMO note: In Cyc, objects and regions were intermixed, and Stream was a subtype of 'EcologicalRegion'. In COSMO a region and the things in it are distinct and can never be the same thing, so the parent Region was eliminated. However, the generic 'isLocatedAt' relation in COSMO can take a PnysicalObject as the object of the relation, so a Stream, which is a PhysicalObject, can be located at itself. There is still some difficulty with representing a stream as both a Path and a PhysicalObject. The Path is in one sense a path for the water of the stream (and only peripherally for the objects moving on the water). So the river should include some part of the river bed, and that makes its inheritance of 'BodyOfWater' problematical, as the bed itself is not water. COSMO-ToDo - needs more clarification. The use of 'container and contents' may resolve the problem here, but care needs to be taken to assure that the logic of substances can avoid problems. Cyc: A specialization of #$Water-Fresh, #$InanimateThing-Natural, and #$FlowPath. Each instance of #$Stream is a natural body of fresh water that flows when it is not frozen. A stream can either be a great river (see #$River) or a tiny creek (see #$Creek). Every non-frozen stream flows in (see #$in-ContOpen) some conduit (see #$FluidConduit) such as a streambed or riverbed. Notable instances of #$Stream include #$AmazonRiver, #$LittleMissouriRiver, #$WoundedKnee-Creek. Note that riverbanks are not streams nor are they parts of streams, but rather they mark the edges of streams. SUMO: (StreamWaterArea) A relatively narrow WaterArea where the water flows constantly and in the same direction, e.g. a river, a stream, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stream' in WordNet: 1. (20) stream, watercourse - (a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfFreshWater, :ContainerAndContents, :FlowPath, :FluidObject, :GenericAgent, :InanimateObject-Natural, :Obstacle, :PlanetarySurfaceObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreshWaterObject ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water-Fresh ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StreamBed ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlowingWater ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ] . :StreamBed :en "stream bed" ; :wnsense "creek bed1n", "streambed1n" ; :wordnet "creek bed", "streambed" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the thin layer of ground or artificial solid that underlies a Stream. In COSMO a Stream or other BodyOfWater includes the Stream or Lake bed, so this is part of the Stream. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streambed' in WordNet: 1. streambed, creek bed - (a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a stream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalChannel, :Path-Physical, :WaterBodyBed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterCurrent ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :StreamBranch :en "branch of a river", "river branch" ; :enn "branch of a river", "river branch" ; :wnsense "branch5n" ; :wordnet "branch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'branch' in WordNet: 5. branch - (a stream or river connected to a larger one) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stream . :StreamCurrent :ldoce "current" ; :wnsense "current2n" ; :wordnet "current" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionalProcess during which Water flows in a stream-like formation in some Stream. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterCurrent . :StreamFlow :en "flowing river water", "river flow", "river water flowing", "stream flow" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StreamFlow'' is a ''FlowingMotion'' in which some ''Stream'' is flowing downhill within its ''StreamBed''. This is most salient for Rivers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StreamBed ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :StreamSection :en "stream part", "stream section", "stream segment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StreamSection'' is a section (part, segment) of a ''Stream'' that has some distinguishing characteristic or attribute or function. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfFreshWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stream ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :StreamSystem :en "river system", "stream system" ; :enn "river system", "stream system" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StreamSystem'' is some named ''Stream'' (usually a River) plus all of its ''Tributary''s and ''StreamBranch''es up to their sources. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stream ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tributary ; owl:minCardinality "0" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StreamBranch ; owl:minCardinality "0" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrainageBasin ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Streamer :ennp "streamers" ; :wnsense "banner1n", "streamer4n" ; :wordnet "banner", "streamer" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Streamer'' is a ''RibbonlikeObject'' used for decoration or information transfer such as in advertising or labeling locations. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'streamer' in WordNet: 4. banner, streamer - (long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RibbonlikeObject . :Streaming :wnsense "flow3n", "stream4n" ; :wordnet "flow", "stream" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Streaming'' is an Event in which some substance or Group of objects (usually animals or people) moves together in some direction as or similar to a stream of water. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'stream' in WordNet: 4. (3) flow, stream - (the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion . :StreamliningaDevice :eng "streamlining" ; :wnsense "streamline1v" ; :wordnet "streamline" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StreamliningaDevice'' is a ''DesigningEvent'' in what is produced is a Device that has a streamlined contour - i.e. one that has less resistance to movement through a fluid - usually Air or Water. This is done especially for motor vehicles and airplanes. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'streamline' in WordNet: 1. streamline - (contour economically or efficiently) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesigningaDevice . :Street :guid "bd58b4f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bd58f514-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "street" ; :wnsense "street1n" ; :wordnet "street" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Roadway in an urban area, having buildings near the road. This includes the full public right-of-way, including sidewalks. For the flat surface portion that vehicles travel on, use 'Street-RoadwayOnly' InCyc called 'Street-Generic' CYC: #$Street-Generic is a specialization of both #$Roadway and #$UrbanArea. Each instance of #$Street-Generic is a #$Roadway located inside a city or town. The WordNet definition says a street is 'lined with buildings', having much the same meaning - a Street is not rural. This is the physical object that is the street, not a region of space. It would extend down to the underlying soil, and include all materials added (such as crushed gravel) to prepare the roadbed. A modern street is typically paved, but that is not a necessary attribute of a Street. COSMO note: This 'street; Type is interpreted as the full public right-of-way, including the sidewalks, up to the private property line of the property bordering on the street. A RealEstate bounded by a street will therefore be related to the street by 'isAdjacentTo'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'street' in WordNet: 1. (86) street - (a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings; 'they walked the streets of the small town'; 'he lives on Nassau Street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roadway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Municipality ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Street-RoadwayOnly :ldoce "street" ; :wnsense "street2n" ; :wordnet "street" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The part of a 'Street' that vehicles travel on, up to the curb. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'street' in WordNet: 2. (3) street - (the part of a thoroughfare between the sidewalks; the part of the thoroughfare on which vehicles travel; 'be careful crossing the street') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roadway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Street ] . :StreetGang :wnsense "gang2n" ; :wordnet "gang" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StreetGang'' is a ''Gang'' of teens or somewhat older young adults who live nearby each other, usually in a city. Such gangs can be informal and merely social, and even benevolent, but occasionally can form rivalries and get into ''GangFight''s over any issue, such as the dominance in some 'piece of turf' (location). This type of ''Gang'' is not just a group of people who associate, but has some structure and has a name and sometimes ditinctive clothing that identifies members. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gang' in WordNet: 2. (2) crowd, crew, gang, bunch - (an informal body of friends; 'he still hangs out with the same crowd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gang . :StreetSign :wnsense "street sign1n" ; :wordnet "street sign" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StreetSign'' is a 'LocationMarker'' located adjacent to a Roadway that has the name of the roadway on it. NOTE: this is not for other types of sign on a roadway.. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'street sign' in WordNet (only for street names): in WordNet: 1. street sign - (a sign visible from the street) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationMarker, :TrafficSign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ] . :StreetWalker :wnsense "floozie1n", "floozy1n", "hooker3n", "hustler1n", "slattern1n", "street girl1n", "streetwalker1n" ; :wordnet "floozie", "floozy", "hooker", "hustler", "slattern", "street girl", "streetwalker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streetwalker' in WordNet: 1. streetwalker, street girl, hooker, hustler, floozy, floozie, slattern - (a prostitute who attracts customers by walking the streets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prostitute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sidewalk ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ] . :Streetcar :wnsense "streetcar1n", "tram3n", "tramcar2n", "trolley car1n", "trolley1n" ; :wordnet "streetcar", "tram", "tramcar", "trolley", "trolley car" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Does not necessarily run on rails, it can have rubber tires with overhead electrical lines. RHW: a public vehicle running regularly along certain streets, usually on rails, as a trolley car or trolley bus Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streetcar' in WordNet: 1. (3) streetcar, tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car - (a wheeled vehicle that runs on rails and is propelled by electricity; 'tram' and 'tramcar' are British terms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicTransportationDevice, :RoadVehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice . :Strength :guid "bd58973b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "strength" ; :wnsense "strength1n" ; :wordnet "strength" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Attribute types are treated differently in COSMO from CYC. This type is a general concept of 'strength' referring to the ability of a PhysicalObject to exert physical force, or to withstand physical force. The CYC concept appears to have a similar intended meaning, but its usage may vary considerably from the usage of this Type. This will usually apply to solid objects, but can also be applied to Radiation levels. The actual AttributeValues that can measure this AttributeType have not yet (r885) been created. The sense of 'strength' referring to mental or moral ability, or concentration of a solution, or effectiveness of some action that may meet resistance (such as a military action) are not included in this general type as of rev855. When needed, these may be added here or elsewhere. NOTE: the restriction is informative, intended to be inherited so that the targets of the subtypes also will be clear. CYC: #$Strength is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType for describing actions performed by exerting nontrival force at the times it is necessary. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'strength' in WordNet: 1. (42) strength - (the property of being physically or mentally strong; 'fatigue sapped his strength') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :modifies ] . :Strengthening :guid "bf572145-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "strengthen1v", "strengthening2n" ; :wordnet "strengthen", "strengthening" ; a :EventType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Strengthening'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in which some object(s) become ''Stronger''. CYC ('StrengtheningEvent'): The collection of events in which something is strengthened. The Object affected does not have to be weak to start with, it only has to get stronger as a result of this Action. Correponds to verb sense 1 (transitive) of 'strengthen' in WordNet: 1. (24) strengthen, beef up, fortify - (make strong or stronger; 'This exercise will strengthen your upper body'; 'strengthen the relations between the two countries') WN noun 'strengthening': 2. strengthening - (the act of increasing the strength of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stronger ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strength ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingStronger ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ] . :Strenuous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Topic ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Mentioning ; :wnsense "arduous2adj", "straining1adj", "strenuous1adj", "strenuous2adj" ; :wordnet "arduous", "straining", "strenuous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'strenuous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) strenuous - (characterized by or performed with much energy or force; 'strenuous exercise') 2. arduous, straining, strenuous - (taxing to the utmost; testing powers of endurance; 'his final, straining burst of speed'; 'a strenuous task'; 'your willingness after these six arduous days to remain here'- F.D.Roosevelt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :StrenuousAthleticActivity :en "strenuous athletic activity" ; :enn "strenuous athletic activity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StrenuousAthleticActivity'' is an ''AthleticActivity'' during which the Athlete exerts her/his maximum effort, as in a sports competition or a ''BaseballPitch'' event. In preparation for such activity, an Athlete may perform a ''Warm-up'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strenuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StrepThroat :guid "c10c1de2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "septic sore throat1n", "strep throat1n", "streptococcal sore throat1n", "streptococcus tonsilitis1n", "throat infection1n" ; :wordnet "septic sore throat", "strep throat", "streptococcal sore throat", "streptococcus tonsilitis", "throat infection" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$StrepThroat is a kind of bacterial infection (spec of #$BacterialInfection) caused by a bacterium called Group A #$Streptococcus, in which the throat is very sore. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strep throat' in WordNet: 1. streptococcal sore throat, strep throat, streptococcus tonsilitis, septic sore throat, throat infection - (an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection, :SoreThroat . :Streptococcus :guid "bd5885b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "strep1n", "streptococci1n", "streptococcus1n" ; :wordnet "strep", "streptococci", "streptococcus" ; a :BiologicalGenus, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium forming a #$BiologicalGenus in the #$MoneraKingdom. These are #$Bacterium-Immotile, #$CoccusBacterium, and #$NonSporeFormingBacterium and metabolize fermentatively. They are also catalase negative and not acid-fast. This genus includes several species pathogenic for humans. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'streptococcus' in WordNet: 1. streptococcus, streptococci, strep - (spherical Gram-positive bacteria occurring in pairs or chains; cause e.g. scarlet fever and tonsillitis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium, :Coccus, :GramPositiveBacterium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StrepThroat ; owl:onProperty :causesInfectiousDisease ] . :StreptococcusPneumoniae :en "Streptococcus pneumoniae" ; :enn "Streptococcus pneumoniae" ; :guid "bf931047-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium comprising a #$BiologicalSpecies in the #$MoneraKingdom. These cells are the most common cause of pneumonia and may also cause meningitis. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Streptococcus . :StreptococcusPyogenes :en "Streptococcus pyogenes" ; :enn "Streptococcus pyogenes" ; :guid "bd809abb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium forming a #$BiologicalSpecies in the #$MoneraKingdom. These cells are responsible for such human infections as streptococcal pharyngitis.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Streptococcus . :Stress-Feeling :guid "bf8e052f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mental strain1n", "nervous strain1n", "strain4n", "stress1n", "tenseness2n", "tension2n" ; :wordnet "mental strain", "nervous strain", "strain", "stress", "tenseness", "tension" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cumulative psychological or emotional disturbance caused by environmental influences. Can be relieved by #$Resting-Relaxing, #$Meditating, #$Exercising, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stress' and sense 4 of 'strain'in WordNet: 2. (4) tension, tenseness, stress - ((psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense; 'he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension'; 'stress is a vasoconstrictor') WN noun 'strain': 4. (2) strain, mental strain, nervous strain - ((psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress; 'his responsibilities were a constant strain'; 'the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nervousness . :Stressed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Speech, :Syllable ; :wnsense "accented2adj", "stressed2adj" ; :wordnet "accented", "stressed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stressed'' is an attribute of spoken words or parts of words that are pronounced with greater emphasis than adjacent parts, such as syllables. See also ''SyllableStress'' - relation needs to be clarified. For a person being 'stressed use ''StressedOut''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'stressed' for speech) in Wordnet: 2. stressed, accented - (bearing a stress or accent; 'an iambic foot consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable as in 'delay'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :StressedOut :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Stress-Feeling ; :wnsense "distressed3adj", "in a bad way1adj", "stressed1adj" ; :wordnet "distressed", "in a bad way", "stressed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''StressedOut'' characterizes the ''Stress-Feeling'' that a Person has after experiencing a stressful situation, or the Person with that Feeling. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stressed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) stressed, distressed, in a bad way - (suffering severe physical strain or distress; 'he dropped out of the race, clearly distressed and having difficulty breathing'; 'the victim was in a bad way and needed immediate attention') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :StressedSyllable a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StressedSyllable'' is a ''Syllable'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Syllable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Word ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPartOf ] . :Stressful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :wnsense "nerve-racking1adj", "nerve-wracking1adj", "stressful1adj", "trying2adj" ; :wordnet "nerve-racking", "nerve-wracking", "stressful", "trying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stressful' in Wordnet: 1. nerve-racking, nerve-wracking, stressful, trying - (extremely irritating to the nerves; 'nerve-racking noise'; 'the stressful days before a war'; 'a trying day at the office') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Stressor :wnsense "stressor1n" ; :wordnet "stressor" ; a :InheritableType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stressor' in WordNet: 1. stressor - (any agent that causes stress to an organism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stress-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :StretchingAction :en "stretching" ; :ldoce "stretch" ; :wnsense "elongation3n", "stretch5v" ; :wordnet "elongation", "stretch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some Agent causes a PhysicalObject to increase in length. NOTE WN 'elongation 3' is ambiguous between transitive and intransitive. It is included here and in parent type ''ElongatingEvent'' including both senses. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'stretch' in WordNet: 5. (3) elongate, stretch - (make long or longer by pulling and stretching; 'stretch the fabric') WN noun 'elongation': 3. elongation - (the act of lengthening something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ElongatingEvent, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent . :StriatedMuscle :guid "c00a337b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "striated muscle1n" ; :wordnet "striated muscle" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$MuscleTissue. Each instance of #$StriatedMuscle is a piece of muscle tissue of that constitutes a muscle which normally performs functions that are under an organism's voluntary control. Muscles of this kind differ in structure from smooth muscles, which are involved in involuntary physiological functions such as digestion and breathing. Elements of #$StriatedMuscle are composed of multinuclear cells and distinguished by light and dark bands (viz., striations). Cf. #$SmoothMuscle. NOTE: CYC has 'striated muscle' and 'skeletal muscle' as parent - subtype. That relation is preserved in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'striated muscle' in WordNet: 1. skeletal muscle, striated muscle - (a muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Muscle . :StriatedMuscleTissue a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A Substance consisting of the type of cells in striated muscle.." ; rdfs:subClassOf :MuscleTissue . :StrictlyMentalEvent :guid "be48d9d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of this collection is an event which is 'strictly mental' in the sense that if the event is instantiated by some physical situation, that instantiating situation is not essential to the event being an event of that type. For instance, perceiving an apple is not an instance of #$StrictlyMentalEvent insofar as it essentially requires sense organs and an apple (and thus #$Perceiving is not a specialization of #$StrictlyMentalEvent). However, the phenomenological aspects of this event, e.g., the experience of redness or roundness, do not require the sense organs or the apple, and it is conceivable that a disembodied mind could have such experiences. (Thus, #$ExperiencingPerception is a specialization of #$StrictlyMentalEvent.) Note that the property defining this collection is primitive and notoriously difficult to define, except via examples. If an event is not clearly an instance of #$ExperiencingPerception, entertaining a thought (#$Thinking), or #$ExperiencingEmotion, or fully decomposable into a collection of such events, then one should be very careful about making it in an instance of #$StrictlyMentalEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalEvent . :Strife :wnsense "discord1n", "strife1n", "strife2n" ; :wordnet "discord", "strife" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Strife'' includes both violent and non-violent disputes. The specifically violent type can be created as a subtype. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'strife' in WordNet: 1. (2) discord, strife - (lack of agreement or harmony) 2. (2) strife - (bitter conflict; heated often violent dissension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent . :Strike :ldoce "strike" ; :wnsense "strike1n", "strike7v" ; :wordnet "strike" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Strike' is an intentional refraining from performing some paid labor that had been performed. This is a PersistentState that is caused by and immediately follows a 'GoingOnStrike' Event. @ToDo: NOTE that as of rev885, only a LaborUnion can be designated as the Agent performing the Strike. In general in a ConflictEvent 'wasPerformedByAgent' points to all parties of a conflict. In this case the restriction only points to one party, but since that party is an Organization, the plurality of the object of the relation is preserved, and there is no logical inconsistency. But whether both parties need to 'perform' a conflict needs to be reconsidered. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 7 of 'strike' in WordNet: 1. (441) strike, work stoppage - (a group's refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad work conditions; 'the strike lasted more than a month before it was settled') WN verb 'strike': 7. (3) strike, walk out - (stop work in order to press demands; 'The auto workers are striking for higher wages'; 'The employees walked out when their demand for better benefits was not met') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisputeEvent, :Refraining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :WorkingEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :LaborUnion ] . :Striker :wnsense "striker3n" ; :wordnet "striker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Striker'' is a ''Person'' who has participated in a ''Strike'' by not going to work. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'striker' in WordNet: 3. striker - (an employee on strike against an employer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strike ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :StrikingAnObjectEvent :ldoce "hit", "strike" ; :wnsense "collide1v", "hit1v", "hit2n", "hit2v", "strike1v" ; :wordnet "collide", "hit", "strike" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalContactMakingEvent in which one moving Object strikes a second object, which may or may not be moving. The object moving fastest (in some frame) is considered as the 'StrikingObject' and the second object is the 'StruckObject'. This is a subtype of 'PhysicalContactMakingEvent' in that only two Objects are involved in this Event, and at least one must be travelling toward the other at a speed sufficient to create a significant force when the two objects meet. THe force will cause some effect - either motion in the struck object or changes in shape of one or theother of the objects; therefore an elastic collision (as of billiard balls) is not an instance of this type. This can be a natural event or an Action of an Agent. The falling of an object to the ground is an example of such an Event. In such an Event,either object involved may (or may not) sustain damage. This differs from the parent 'Colliding' in requiring that there be some differentiation between the striking object and the struck object; the difference can be speed, or it can be that the striking object is controlled by an Agent. NOTE that this is a subtype of 'Colliding' whereas in WordNet 'collide' is a subtype of 'strike'; it seems that either word could be used for either this type or for 'Colliding'. Corresponds to parts of noun senses 1 of 'collide' and sense 1 of 'strike' and sense 2 of 'hit' and temporarily includes the subtype sense 1 of 'hit' in WordNet: WN 'collide': 1. (3) collide, clash - (crash together with violent impact; 'The cars collided'; 'Two meteors clashed') WN: strike': 1. (21) hit, strike, impinge on, run into, collide with - (hit against; come into sudden contact with; 'The car hit a tree'; 'He struck the table with his elbow') WN verb 'hit': 1. (440) hit - (cause to move by striking; 'hit a ball') 2. (305) hit, strike, impinge on, run into, collide with - (hit against; come into sudden contact with; 'The car hit a tree'; 'He struck the table with his elbow') WN noun 'hit': 2. (2) hit, hitting, striking - (the act of contacting one thing with another; 'repeated hitting raised a large bruise'; 'after three misses she finally got a hit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colliding, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ] . :StrikingAnObjectWithaTool :en "striking an object with a tool" ; :enn "striking an object with a tool" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StrikingAnObjectWithaTool'' is an Action of a Person or machine that strikes an object with some significant force, usually to move the object or change its shape, or to break it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, :HittingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ; owl:someValuesFrom :DeviceType ] . :StrikingHeavy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Fight-Physical, :StrikingAnObjectEvent ; :wnsense "heavy8adj" ; :wordnet "heavy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StrikingHeavy'' is a term used as a unique alternate to adjective 'heavy' which is used as the Class name for a different sense of that term. ''StrikingHeavy'' characterizes a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' that causes more than a little force between the impacting objects - more than a ''TouchingGentle'' degree of impact, but not necessarily enough to cause any harm to either Object that comes in contact. NOTE: prhas there is a need for three degrees of contact force - light, medium, heavy? This would include both medium and heavy. Corresponds to adjective sense 8 of 'heavy' in Wordnet: 8. heavy - (of great intensity or power or force; 'a heavy blow'; 'the fighting was heavy'; 'heavy seas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :StrikingPartOfTool :en "striking part", "striking part of a tool" ; :enn "striking part", "striking part of a tool" ; :wnsense "head29n", "striker5n" ; :wordnet "head", "striker" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type includes the generic ''Striker'' and also the more specific''Head'' (which might be broken out as a subtype if examples need it). Corresponds to noun sense 29 of 'head' in WordNet: 29. head - (the striking part of a tool; 'the head of the hammer') WN Includes noun sense 5 of 'striker' in WordNet: 5. striker - (the part of a mechanical device that strikes something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MechanicalDevice :DeviceType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StrikingAnObjectWithaTool ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :StrikingRepeatedly :wnsense "beat3v" ; :wordnet "beat" ; a :ActionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StrikingRepeatedly'' is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' that is performed more than twice. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'beat' in WordNet: 3. (8) beat - (hit repeatedly; 'beat on the door'; 'beat the table with his shoe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ApplyingAForce, :StrikingAnObjectEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :StrikingAnObjectEvent ] . :StrikingaDrum :wnsense "drum1v" ; :wordnet "drum" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'drum' in WordNet: 1. (1) drum, beat, thrum - (make a rhythmic sound; 'Rain drummed against the windshield'; 'The drums beat all night') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercussionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrumInstrument ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ] . :StrikingaTarget :en "hit the mark", "hit the target", "strike a target" ; :eng "striking a target" ; :env "hit the mark", "hit the target", "strike a target" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StrikingaTarget'' is a The striking of an object, where the Object is a ''Target'' that is aimed at in a ''ShootingAtSomething'' Event. hit, strike, impinge on """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :StrikingAnObjectEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Target ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShootingAtSomething ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ] . :Strikingly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Spectacular ; :wnsense "strikingly1adv" ; :wordnet "strikingly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Strikingly'' is an AdverbialModifier that can serve in a similar manner as ''Dramatically'',but more strongly suggests an impulse to look at something that is not an *Action* and is visually unusual. 'strikingly beautiful'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'strikingly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) strikingly - (in a striking manner; 'this was strikingly demonstrated'; 'the evidence was strikingly absent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :StringInstrument :en "string instrument" ; :guid "bd58d7b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stringed instrument1n" ; :wordnet "stringed instrument" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$MusicalInstruments with strings which are made to vibrate (via bowing, plucking or striking) to produce sound. SUMO: A MusicalInstrument which is played by striking strings, either directly as with a guitar or indirectly via keys as with Pianos. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stringed instrument' in WordNet: 1. stringed instrument - (a musical instrument in which taut strings provide the source of sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :MusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MusicalString ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :StringOrLine :ldoce "line" ; :wnsense "line18n", "string1n", "string3n" ; :wordnet "line", "string" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """StringOrLine is a (relatively) long thin limp object like a cord, but can be thinner, and does not have spatial gaps within it, like a 'chain'. It is not necessarily fibrous, so a single polyester thread that is as thick as a string, used as a fishing line, will be an instance. A 'line' carrying a telephone wire, strung on telephone poles, is included. For strings made of fibers only, use 'PieceOfString'. Includes but is broader than noun sense 18 of 'line' in Wordnet, and includes strings and 'strings' of musical instruments: in WordNet: 18. (2) line - (something (as a cord or rope) that is long and thin and flexible; 'a washing line') WN noun 'string': 1. (7) string, twine - (a lightweight cord) 3. (2) string - (a tightly stretched cord of wire or gut, which makes sound when plucked, struck, or bowed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :CordlikeObject, :HomogeneousSolidObject, :LimpObject . :Stringent :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :RuleForBehavior ; :isTheOppositeOf :Lenient, :Tolerant ; :wnsense "hard-and-fast1adj", "rigorous1adj", "rigorous2adj", "strict1adj", "strict2adj", "stringent1adj", "tight13adj" ; :wordnet "hard-and-fast", "rigorous", "strict", "stringent", "tight" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stringent'' is a subtype of ''Demanding'' characterizing both a Person who demands precise and strict adherence to rules, and the behavior of such a Person when making or enforcing such demands; and also applies to rules themselves that allow little deviation from specified behavior (RHW: strongly binding; not to be set aside or violated: hard-and-fast rules.), and to behavior that conforms to stringent rules: ('strict adherence to the law is expected'). (There is a sense of 'rigorous' (precise and accurate) not in WN, except perhaps as part of sense 1: RHW: 2. severely exact or accurate; precise: rigorous research.) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stringent' and senses 1 and 2 of 'strict' in WordNet: 1. rigorous, stringent, tight - (demanding strict attention to rules and procedures; 'rigorous discipline'; 'tight security'; 'stringent safety measures') WN adjective 'strict': 2. (3) rigorous, strict - (rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard; 'rigorous application of the law'; 'a strict vegetarian') 1. (3) hard-and-fast, strict - ((of rules) stringently enforced; 'hard-and-fast rules') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertive . :Stringently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Stringent ; :wnsense "strictly2adv", "stringently1adv" ; :wordnet "strictly", "stringently" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stringently'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies behavior and specifies that the action had the property ''Stringent'', e.g. (was performed with careful adherence and conformity with some rule - 'adhered strictly to the rule'); or to the manner of enforcing a rule by the Authority with enforcement power: ('Stringently enforced the curfue') Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'stringently' in WordNet: 1. strictly, stringently - (in a stringent manner; 'the laws are stringently enforced'; 'stringently controlled') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Strip :wnsense "strip2n", "strip5n" ; :wordnet "strip" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Strip'' is a LongAndThinObject that is an ArtifactObject composed of some solid material, including wood plastic, rubber, cloth, some ''Metal'' or paving material, having a Rectangular cross-section (as distinguished from the cylindrical shape of a ''Rod''). The ratio of sides in the cross-section oblong has no limits until it becomes so high as to make the object a ''SheetOfSomeSuff''. This can be rigid or flexible; the sutypes will distinguish those different types. Includes noun senses 2 and 5 of 'strip' in Wordnet: 2. (6) strip, slip - (artifact consisting of a narrow flat piece of material) 5. strip - (thin piece of wood or metal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rectangle ; owl:onProperty :hasCrossSectionalShape ] . :StripTeaseShow :guid "be7bd9df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A kind of #$EntertainmentPerformance featuring #$Strippers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'striptease' in WordNet: 2. strip, striptease, strip show - (a form of erotic entertainment in which a dancer gradually undresses to music; 'she did a strip right in front of everyone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dancing, :EntertainmentPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undressing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stripper ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Stripe :wnsense "stripe1n", "stripe5n" ; :wordnet "stripe" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Stripe' is a 'Mark' (a contrasting region on a surface) that is longer than it is wide (at least 2 to 1 ratio); the edges can be irregular, as the stripes on a ''Tiger''. It does not have to be straight, so the 'stripes' (including chevrons) that form insignia of rank on a military uniform are included. It can be 'seen' (if not obstructed), so is located on some ''OuterPhysicalSurface''. Includes noun senses 1 and 5 of 'stripe' in Wordnet: 1. (1) band, banding, stripe - (an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material) 5. stripe, streak - (a marking of a different color or texture from the background) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OuterPhysicalSurface ] . :Striped :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Stripes ; :isTheOppositeOf :SolidColored ; :wnsense "striped1adj" ; :wordnet "striped" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of a SheetOfSomeStuff or of a surface (usually a flat surface that may be only a portion of an object) that has at least two and usually multiple ''Stripes''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'striped' in Wordnet: 1. (1) striped, stripy - (marked or decorated with stripes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Patterned . :Stripes :en "stripes" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of ''Stripe''s on some surface. An Object with this pattern has the attribute ''Striped''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PatternOfLines, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Stripe ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :OuterPhysicalSurface ] . :Stripper :guid "bde838f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ecdysiast1n", "exotic dancer1n", "peeler1n", "stripper3n", "striptease artist1n", "stripteaser1n" ; :wordnet "ecdysiast", "exotic dancer", "peeler", "stripper", "striptease artist", "stripteaser" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all dancers [#$Dancer-Performer] who remove all or most of their clothing during a performance. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stripper' in WordNet: 3. stripper, striptease artist, striptease, stripteaser, exotic dancer, ecdysiast, peeler - (a performer who provides erotic entertainment by undressing to music) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dancer, :SexWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StripTeaseShow ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :StrippingaSurfaceCoating :wnsense "strip1n" ; :wordnet "strip" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StrippingaSurfaceCoating'' is an Action in which some surface coating on a PhysicalObject(s) is removed,by any means,including dissolving in a solvent, scraping off, or sanding off.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strip' in WordNet: 3. (1) strip - (remove the surface from; 'strip wood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClearingaSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :removes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Coating ] . :Striving :wnsense "endeavor1v", "endeavour1v", "nisus1n", "pains1n", "strain10n", "strive1v", "striving1n" ; :wordnet "endeavor", "endeavour", "nisus", "pains", "strain", "strive", "striving" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Striving'' is a ''Struggle'' requiring strenuous effort, with a Goal of doing something beyond the normal requirements of living or work, rather to achieve some notable level of performance or success or to perform good things for other people. RHW 'strive': 2. to make strenuous efforts toward any goal: to strive for success. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'strive' in WordNet: 1. (13) endeavor, endeavour, strive - (attempt by employing effort; 'we endeavor to make our customers happy') WN noun 'striving': 1. (3) striving, nisus, pains, strain - (an effortful attempt to attain a goal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Struggle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DifficultGoal ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :Stroke-PhysiologicalCondition :guid "c0fd5b3e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "stroke" ; :wnsense "CVA1n", "apoplexy1n", "cerebrovascular accident1n", "stroke3n" ; :wordnet "CVA", "apoplexy", "cerebrovascular accident", "stroke" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of physiological conditions in which a blood vessel in the brain bursts or is plugged up, causing unconsciousness, paralysis, etc. NOTE that unconsciousness is not essential, as some strokes do not cause unconsciousness, just loss of function of some brain part. Coresponds to noun sense 6 of 'stroke' in RHW: 6. Also called apoplexy, cerebrovascular accident. Pathol. a blockage or hemorrhage of a blood vessel leading to the brain, causing inadequate oxygen supply and, depending on the extent and location of the abnormality, such symptoms as weakness, paralysis of parts of the body, speech difficulties, and, if severe, loss of consciousness or death. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'stroke' in WordNet, but does not necessarily lead to unconsciousness - use the RHW definition, above: in WordNet: 3. (1) stroke, apoplexy, cerebrovascular accident, CVA - (a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeThreateningCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :StrokingAtaBall :ldoce "shot", "stroke" ; :wnsense "shot2n", "stroke1n" ; :wordnet "shot", "stroke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'StrokingAtaBall' is a Action in which a Person moves some special device (e.g. golf club, tennis racket, baseball bat, billiard cue), in an effort to propel the ball. This is an attempt, which may not connect with the ball. For the more specific 'swinging' action use the subtype ''SwingingaRod\"'' or one of its subtypes such as ''SwingingAtaBaseball''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shot' and noun sense 1 of 'stroke' in WordNet: 2. (348) stroke, shot - - ((sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand; 'it took two strokes to get out of the bunker'; 'a good shot require good balance and tempo'; 'he left me an almost impossible shot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attempt, :AttemptingToStrikeSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropellingaBall ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :StrokingMovement :wnsense "stroke9n" ; :wordnet "stroke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StrokingMovement'' is any method of moving by an Animal - on ground, in water, or in air, in which the propulsive force comes from moving some ''Appendage-AnimalBodyPart'',such as the arms (in water, for people or other armed animals) or flapping the wings inair (birds) or in water possibly only the legs (or tail or fins for fish). Includes but is broader than (includes birds and fish) noun sense 9 of 'stroke' in WordNet: 9. stroke - (any one of the repeated movements of the limbs and body used for locomotion in swimming or rowing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocomotionEvent-Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Propelling ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Strolling :wnsense "amble1n", "perambulation2n", "promenade5n", "saunter1v", "saunter2n", "stroll1n", "stroll1v" ; :wordnet "amble", "perambulation", "promenade", "saunter", "stroll" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Strolling' is a liesurely (''Unhurried'') manner of 'Walking', done outdoors. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stroll' in WordNet: 1. (1) stroll, saunter - (walk leisurely and with no apparent aim) WN noun 'stroll': 1. (1) amble, promenade, saunter, stroll, perambulation - (a leisurely walk (usually in some public place)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorActivity, :WalkingOutdoors, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unhurried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Running . :Strong :hasComparativeAttribute :Stronger ; :isTheOppositeOf :Weak ; :ldoce "strong" ; :wnsense "strong1adj" ; :wordnet "strong" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most general sense of 'strong' meaning that the entity that is Strong has more than average capability to cause some effect that can be caused by entities of that type. This includes muscular strength of animals, power of artifacts to perform tasks, and intensity of things like radiation or wind that may exert effects. The more specific senses depend linguistically on the entity that is modified. This also includes 'strong' in the sense of ability to support heavy weights, as of artifacts, beams, or tree limbs. This type does not include 'Strong' to represent concentrations of some solution, or odors, or the effectiveness of medicines or other chemicals. That will be represented by a different attribute (not done as of rev885). Part of those senses are included in 'Effective'. Something can be Strong and Effective at the same time. The more intensive variants of some senses will be represented by the subtype 'Powerful'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'strong' in WordNet: 1. (63) strong - (having strength or power greater than average or expected; 'a strong radio signal'; 'strong medicine'; 'a strong man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Capability, :IntensiveAttributeValue . :StrongForce :ldoce "wonder" ; :wnsense "color force1n", "strong force1n", "strong interaction1n" ; :wordnet "color force", "strong force", "strong interaction" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''StrongForce'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' with very short range that serves to hold together the .Quarks inside an ''AtomicNucleus''. NOTE that as a ''Phenomenon'' this is a type of ''Event'', which seems a bit odd, but a situation 'holding things together' can be considered as a static Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strong force' in WordNet: 1. strong interaction, strong force, color force - ((physics) the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in the nuclei of atoms; mediated by gluons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractiveForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quark ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AtomicNucleus ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Strongbox :wnsense "deedbox1n", "strongbox1n" ; :wordnet "deedbox", "strongbox" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strongbox' in WordNet: 1. strongbox, deedbox - (a strongly made box for holding money or valuables; can be locked) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Box . :Stronger :en "stronger" ; :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Strong ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stronger'' is the comparative form of ''Strong''. As an attribute value, this means that the Object with this attribute has more strength (of a certain type) than either (1) another object, or (2) the same object at a different time. No comparative sense is explicitly represented in WordNet. The inclusion of a comparative as an AttributeValue rather than just a text string is to allow more perspicuous representation of verbs and Events that cause an increase or decrease in some quality or quantity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Strong . :Stronghold :wnsense "fastness3n", "stronghold1n" ; :wordnet "fastness", "stronghold" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stronghold' in WordNet: 1. stronghold, fastness - (a strongly fortified defensive structure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DefensiveStructure, :PlaceWithMilitarySignificance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fortification ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Strongly :isLessIntenseThan :Deeply ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Strong ; :wnsense "powerfully1adv", "strongly1adv", "strongly2adv" ; :wordnet "powerfully", "strongly" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Strongly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues or ''MentalEvent''s to indicate that the intensity of the feeling or mental effort or mental effect is significantly greater than average for that type of action. This does not modify PhysicalActions. ('strongly moved by the tale') Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'strongly' in WordNet: 1. (20) strongly - (with strength or in a strong manner; 'argues very strongly for his proposal'; 'he was strongly opposed to the government') 2. (1) powerfully, strongly - (in a powerful manner; 'the federal government replaced the powerfully pro-settler Sir Godfrey Huggins with the even tougher and more determined ex-trade unionist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Strontium :guid "bd58eb51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "38"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Sr1n", "strontium1n" ; :wordnet "Sr", "strontium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of strontium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called #$Calcium or CalciumStuff. (??? calcium?? Chemically similar,but not the same!!) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'strontium' in WordNet: 1. strontium, Sr, atomic number 38 - (a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlkaliMetal, :ChemicalElement, :SolidSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Structural :pertainsTo :ConstructionObject, :Structure ; :wnsense "structural1adj", "structural2adj", "structural3adj" ; :wordnet "structural" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Structural'' is the attribute pertaining to anything related to a ''Structure'' or ''Constructing'' or a ''ConstructionObject' (as in 'structural steel'). Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'structural' in WordNet: 1. (6) structural - (relating to or caused by structure, especially political or economic structure; 'structural unemployment in a technological society') 2. (2) structural - (relating to or having or characterized by structure; 'structural engineer'; 'structural errors'; 'structural simplicity') 3. (1) structural - (affecting or involved in structure or construction; 'the structural details of a house such as beams and joists and rafters; not ornamental elements'; 'structural damage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :StructuralBeam :guid "4c6326e0-e571-41d7-983c-cc84f95966da" ; :ldoce "beam" ; :wnsense "beam2n" ; :wordnet "beam" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StructuralBeam'' is a rigid solid object used as part of a structure support the part(s) of the structure on top of it. It May be installed in a ''Horizontal'' or ''Vertical'' position, or even diagonally, as with steel beams in structures.This should have a minimum length - two meters? CYC: 'Beam-Construction' This is the collection of #$Beams used in construction. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'beam' in WordNet: 2. (9) beam - (long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beam, :ConstructionObject, :LongAndThinThing, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepiped ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepipedLike ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :StructuralMember :wnsense "structural member1n" ; :wordnet "structural member" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This styp repreents a signifiant supporting object that is part of any ArtifactObject large enough to bear weight and need supports. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'structural member' in WordNet: 1. structural member - (support that is a constituent part of any structure or building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfanArtifact, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :StructuralOrnamentation :en "structural ornament", "structural ornamentation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each separate piece of ''StructuralOrnamentation'' is a ''Decoration'' that is affixed to some part of a ''Structure'' so that it stays in place for long periods of time. A picture hanging on a wall is a borderline included instance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ornament . :StructuralSupportStuff :en "structural support stuff" ; :enn "structural support stuff" ; :guid "be010813-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasColor :Opaque ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In COSMO, StructuralSupportStuff is a Substance, not an Object. Cyc: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$StructuralSupportStuff is a hard, rigid substance of a sort that typically provides some kind of structural support. Specializations include #$Wood, #$BoneTheStuff, and #$StoneStuff.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance . :Structure :ldoce "structure" ; :wnsense "construction3n", "structure1n" ; :wordnet "construction", "structure" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Structure is a solid Artifact, either a ConstructionArtifact, which is intended to be used when stationary, or a mobile artifact designed to be large enough for people to stand up inside it while performing activities. This means that large ships, mobile homes, and spacecraft would be 'Structures', and a transmission tower that cannot contain people but is intended to function when stationary is also a 'Structure'. A 'JungleGym' is a borderline subtype, typically large enough for a child to stand or be supported inside. A Structure does not have to be a whole object; part of a building would also be a Structure, but it should be able to acommodate people standing, and have some separate identity (such as a room). . Also, the Structure does not have to be enclosed, so an outdoor recreation facility which is useful primarily because of the constructed artifacts it contains (e.g. a high school ball field) will also qualify - but a park that is enjoyable primarily because of the natural vegetation would not qualify. Because of the ambiguity, the most useful categories are likely to be the subtypes. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'structure' in WordNet; this is for artifacts, so natural 'structure's are not included, nor are devices or objects too small to contain a person (therefore a birdhouse is not a 'Structure' in this sense: in WordNet: 1. (24) structure, construction - (a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts; 'the structure consisted of a series of arches'; 'she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :HumanScaleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :StructureFoundation :wnsense "base3n", "foot7n", "foundation4n", "groundwork2n", "substructure2n", "understructure1n" ; :wordnet "base", "foot", "foundation", "groundwork", "substructure", "understructure" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StructureFoundation'' is a ''BaseOfObject'' for which the 'object' is a ''ConstructionArtifact'' Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'foundation' in WordNet: 4. (1) foundation, base, fundament, foot, groundwork, substructure, understructure - (lowest support of a structure; 'it was built on a base of solid rock'; 'he stood at the foot of the tower') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConstructionArtifact ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :supports ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConstructionArtifact ] . :Structured :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :StructuringSomething ; :wnsense "structured1adj" ; :wordnet "structured" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'structured' in Wordnet: 1. (12) structured - (having definite and highly organized structure; 'a structured environment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ordered . :StructuredInformationBearingObject :guid "bd58f839-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: A specialization of both #$InformationStore and #$PartiallyIntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$StructuredInformationSource is an #$InformationStore in which bits of information are represented as related in a systematic way that is easily characterized by some type of formal structure, including spatial or architectural terms (used metaphorically). Examples include: a database organized in fields and values; a spreadsheet organized in rows and columns with entries; an organizational tree diagram with nodes and branches; a topographical map; a document written in HTML (hyper-text markup language). Negative examples include computer programs, poems, and novels.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAccessibleIBO, :InformationStore . :StructuredInformationSource a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO this type is abstract and does not include physical objects. Cyc: A specialization of both #$InformationStore and #$PartiallyIntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$StructuredInformationSource is an #$InformationStore in which bits of information are represented as related in a systematic way that is easily characterized by some type of formal structure, including spatial or architectural terms (used metaphorically). Examples include: a database organized in fields and values; a spreadsheet organized in rows and columns with entries; an organizational tree diagram with nodes and branches; a topographical map; a document written in HTML (hyper-text markup language). Negative examples include computer programs, poems, and novels.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractInformationStore . :StructuringSomething :wnsense "structure1v" ; :wordnet "structure" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StructuringSomething'' is a ''DesigningEvent'' that imparts some form of structure (or 'organization') to some Group of things, physical or abstract. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'structure' in WordNet: 1. (1) structure - (give a structure to; 'I need to structure my days') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DesigningEvent, :Organizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Group ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :Struggle :eng "struggling" ; :ldoce "struggle" ; :wnsense "battle2n", "fight3v", "reach9v", "strain1v", "struggle1n" ; :wordnet "battle", "fight", "reach", "strain", "struggle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Struggle is an AttemptingActivity requiring strenuous or difficult effort, whether physical or mental, but this does not include physical conflict. The Attempt may or may not succeed. This type of 'trying with effort' may be performed only to meet the routine challenges of life or work. To 'struggle' to meet a Goal beyond the routine or self-centerd, the subtype ''Striving'' should be used. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 and verb sense 1 of 'struggle' in WordNet: 1. (16) struggle, battle - (an energetic attempt to achieve something; 'getting through the crowd was a real struggle'; 'he fought a battle for recognition') 3. (1) struggle - (strenuous effort; 'the struggle to get through the crowd exhausted her') WN verb 'struggle': 1. (13) fight, struggle - (make a strenuous or labored effort; 'She struggled for years to survive without welfare'; 'He fought for breath') WN verb 'strain': 1. (6) strive, reach, strain - (to exert much effort or energy; \"straining our ears to hear\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity . :Struggling :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Struggle ; :wnsense "struggling1adj" ; :wordnet "struggling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'struggling' in Wordnet: 1. (3) struggling - (engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity; 'a financially struggling theater'; 'struggling artists') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Strumming :wnsense "strum1v", "thrum2v" ; :wordnet "strum", "thrum" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'strum' in WordNet: 1. (2) strum, thrum - (sound the strings of (a string instrument); 'strum a guitar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlayingAMusicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StringInstrument ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ] . :Strut :CYC "Struts" ; :ennp "struts" ; :guid "bd58afae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "strut2n" ; :wordnet "strut" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Strut'' is an auto part that supports the upright position of an automobile. In CYC 'Struts' - this type is a singular. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'strut' in WordNet: 2. strut - (brace consisting of a bar or rod used to resist longitudinal compression) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Stub :wnsense "stub1n", "stub2n", "stub3n", "stub4n" ; :wordnet "stub" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stub'' is a small 'RemainingPart' of Physical+Object. This is broad type including various small remaining parts, which may or may not retain some function. Here 'small' means significantly smaller than the whole original object. Includdes noun senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'stub' in WordNet: 1. (1) stub - (a short piece remaining on a trunk or stem where a branch is lost) 2. nub, stub - (a small piece; 'a nub of coal'; 'a stub of a pencil') 3. stub, ticket stub - (a torn part of a ticket returned to the holder as a receipt) 4. stub, check stub, counterfoil - (the part of a check that is retained as a record) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StubbingaToe :en "stubbing one's toe" ; :enn "stubbing one's toe" ; :wnsense "stub4v" ; :wordnet "stub" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Striking one's toe unintentionally with against some SolidObject while walking, with sufficient force to cause pain, but not necessarily serious damage. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'stub' in WordNet: 4. stub - (strike (one's toe) accidentally against an object; 'She stubbed her toe in the dark and now it's broken) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toe ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanWalkingProcess ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharpPain ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unintended ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stubble :wnsense "stubble1n" ; :wordnet "stubble" ; a :FacialHairType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stubble' in WordNet: 2. stubble - (short stiff hairs growing on a man's face when he has not shaved for a few days) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beard, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stubborn :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :StubbornStreak ; :isTheOppositeOf :Courageous ; :wnsense "obstinate1adj", "stubborn1adj", "unregenerate1adj" ; :wordnet "obstinate", "stubborn", "unregenerate" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone with the trait 'StubbornStreak'. Not necessarily unyielding to demand - one may be 'stubborn' in persisting despite difficulty WN opposite: docile, yielding contrast to to compliant, Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stubborn' in WordNet: 1. (5) stubborn, obstinate, unregenerate - (tenaciously unwilling or marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :StubbornStreak :en "stubborn streak" ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Stubborn ; :wnsense "obstinacy1n", "stubbornness1n" ; :wordnet "obstinacy", "stubbornness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StubbornStreak'' is the trait that impels a person to be ''Stubborn'' more often than most others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stubbornness' in WordNet: 1. (1) stubbornness, obstinacy, obstinance, mulishness - (the trait of being difficult to handle or overcome) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehavioralStreak . :Stuck :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :StandingStillEvent ; :wnsense "stuck1adj" ; :wordnet "stuck" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Stuck'' is for objects that cannot move even though the animal stuck or the Device operator wants them to move. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stuck' in Wordnet: 1. stuck - (caught or fixed; 'stuck in the mud') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stationary . :Stud :wnsense "he-man1n", "macho-man1n", "stud1n" ; :wordnet "he-man", "macho-man", "stud" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stud' in WordNet: 1. stud, he-man, macho-man - (a man who is virile and sexually active) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Man, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Macho ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexuallyPromiscuous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StudHorse :wnsense "stud4n", "studhorse1n" ; :wordnet "stud", "studhorse" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"Breeding\" Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'stud' in WordNet: 4. stud, studhorse - (adult male horse kept for breeding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stallion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ServicingaFemaleAnimal ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :StudPoker :wnsense "stud poker1n", "stud5n" ; :wordnet "stud", "stud poker" ; a :GameType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stud poker' in WordNet: 1. stud, stud poker - (poker in which each player receives hole cards and the remainder are dealt face up; bets are placed after each card is dealt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PokerGame . :Student :ldoce "pupil", "student" ; :wnsense "pupil1n", "student1n" ; :wordnet "pupil", "student" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Student is a Person who has a formal agreement or is registered to study some topic(s), either with an individual tutor or at some EducationalOrganization. The essence of being a Student in this sense is to have a relationship with some Agent that has agreed to provide instruction. Persons who study some topic by themselves without an instructor are not instances of this type. The Role of Student is time-sensitive, and the time interval during which a Person is a Student should be specified using the 'startedAsStudent' and 'endedAsStudent' relations. Although periods of being a Student at some institution may be disjoint, the 'wasTaughtBy' relation should be used only once for each different Teacher or School that a Student studied with. NOTE: a ''Student'' retinsa that Role right up to and including the day of Graduation or of the graduation ceremony (see ''Valedictorian''). It would be convenient to have multiple-arity relations to distinguish which 'student' was registered at which instution when (which could be represented as an Event, i.e. a subtype 'BeingaStudent' of StaticSituation). An alternative work-around would be to have 'studentship' at different institutions be subtypes of the Student Role, e.g. 'StudentAtHarvard' could be one subtype of Student. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'student' and sense 1 of 'pupil' in WordNet: 1. (68) student, pupil, educatee - (a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :Learner, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Studying ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enrolled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingaStudent ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnrollingAsaStudent ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :Studio :guid "be00b81b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "studio" ; :wnsense "studio1n" ; :wordnet "studio" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A set of rooms where some type of art activity (''VisualArtActivity'' or music or dance) is performed. Not to be confused with a 'Studio' apartment, which is an 'Apartment'. NOTE: conforming to the Cyc 'MultiRoomUnit' definition, a Studio may in fact consist of a single room. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'studio' in WordNet: 1. (15) studio - - (workplace for the teaching or practice of an art; 'she ran a dance studio'; 'the music department provided studios for their students'; 'you don't need a studio to make a passport photograph') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtActivity ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Studious :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Reading ; :wnsense "bookish1adj", "studious2adj" ; :wordnet "bookish", "studious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Studious' is a subtype of ''Diligent'' characterizing a Person (especially but not only a ''Student'') who is diligently persuing a learning process by reading a lot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'studious' in WordNet: 2. bookish, studious - (characterized by diligent study and fondness for reading; 'a bookish farmer who always had a book in his pocket'; 'a quiet studious child') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diligent, :Scholarly . :Studying :en "studying" ; :guid "c10b61bc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "study" ; :wnsense "study4v", "study5v" ; :wordnet "study" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Attempting to learn by looking over books, papers, notes, etc. and trying to understand some topic or topics, including doing practice tests and homework assignments. ''DoingAHomeworkAssignment'' is a subtype. This type is a subtype of ''Training'' (a learning how to do something) because it is a learning of information that will (*often* though not always) be useful in performing actions requiring knowledge. This includes academic studying as well as attempts to learn things in non-academic situations, but the state of being a student is represented by a different type 'BeingaStudent'. This type is a broad sense of 'study' and there are several distinguishable subtypes, including 'DataAnalysis'. However, scientific experimental research is a separate activity represented as 'Experiment' and 'ResearchProject'. Includes verb senses 1, 4, and 5 of 'study' in WordNet; the subsense 2, to be a student, is represented by the subtype 'BeingaStudent': in WordNet: 4. (15) learn, study, read, take - (be a student of a certain subject; 'She is reading for the bar exam') 5. (5) study, hit the books - (learn by reading books; 'He is studying geology in his room'; 'I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :Training . :Stuff :wnsense "stuff2n" ; :wordnet "stuff" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Stuff' is an 'ObjectGroup' each element of which is an 'UnspecifiedObject'. This can be applied to any collection of objects, such as stuff in the attic, stuff in a trunk, stuff on a shelf or in a cabinet. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'stuff' in WordNet: 2. (5) stuff - (miscellaneous unspecified objects; 'the trunk was full of stuff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :UnspecifiedObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Heterogeneous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stuffed :en "crammed full" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :FillingEvent ; :wnsense "filled1adj", "stuffed1adj" ; :wordnet "filled", "stuffed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For an object to be ''Stuffed'' is to have had some material put into it so that the volume of its contents is equal to the capacity, and no more contents can be added. This is a specialization of the parent attribute ''Full'' in that the material added is some form of particulate solid material (see subtype ''StuffedWithPadding''). This is often used for soft objects with fabric outer layer such as pillows and ''Comforter''s, but also can be used of other things like turkeys. To be 'filled' with people is a different concept. This can also be used for shipping containers like boxes that have had their empty space filled with packing material to absorb shock. For 'stuffed' toys, use subtype ''StuffedWithPadding''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stuffed' in WordNet: 1. (1) stuffed - (filled with something; 'a stuffed turkey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Full . :StuffedAnimal :guid "be00f824-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StuffedAnimal'' is a ''Model-Artifact'' designed to resemble some NonHumanANimal and stuffed (''StuffedWithPadding'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Model-Artifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StuffedWithPadding ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :resembles ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeastType ] . :StuffedToy :en "stuffed toy" ; :enn "stuffed toy" ; :guid "c14e6b69-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StuffedToy'' is a ''Toy'' that is a ''Model-Artifact'' that is a ''Copy'' of some PhysicalObject, having a sotft fexible surface, usually of fabric, or plastic, and ''Stuffed'' with a soft material. This is used as a Toy for the amusement of children. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Toy, :ToyReplica, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StuffedWithPadding ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StuffedWithFood :en "stuffed with food" ; :enn "stuffed with food" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Overeating ; :wnsense "stuffed2adj" ; :wordnet "stuffed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'stuffed' in Wordnet: 2. stuffed - (crammed with food; 'a full stomach'; 'I feel stuffed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stuffed . :StuffedWithPadding :wnsense "stuffed1adj" ; :wordnet "stuffed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For an object to be ''StuffedWithPadding'' is to be ''Stuffed'' with a material that is some form of particulate or fibrous solid material (such as cotton) or a soft foam-like material,such as . This is often used for soft objects with fabric outer layer such as pillows and ''Comforter''s and ''StuffedToy''s. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'stuffed' (not for Containers or Turkeys or other foods) in WordNet: 1. (1) stuffed - (filled with something; 'a stuffed turkey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stuffed . :Stuffing :wnsense "dressing2n", "stuffing1n" ; :wordnet "dressing", "stuffing" ; a :FoodType, :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stuffing'' is a soft granular mixture of Foodstuffs 'stuffed' into a solid FoodObject with a cavity in it. This is broad, but a common exaple is the breaded stuffing placed into the thoracic cavity of a Fowl (Turkey or Chicken) before it is cooked, and taken out afterward and served as a separate course in a meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stuffing' in WordNet: 1. stuffing, dressing - (a mixture of seasoned ingredients used to stuff meats and vegetables) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodConcoction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StuffingaFoodObject ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :StuffingThingsIntoaContainer :ldoce "pack" ; :wnsense "pack1v", "pack3v", "shove3v", "squeeze6v", "stuff1v", "stuff2v", "stuff6v", "thrust2v" ; :wordnet "pack", "shove", "squeeze", "stuff", "thrust" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'StuffingThingsIntoaContainer' involves both putting things into a container ('Packing') and causing their volume to decrease ('Compacting'); this is for physical objects only, but includes cases of putting gas into a container (often a cylinder) to create a container of compressed gas; a quantity of a gas is a PhysicalObject in COSMO. This is only for acts in which material becomes compressed; to 'stuff' a dead poodle would only be an example if the stuffing material is compressed in the process, 'Thrusting a letter into his hand' is not an example, as the letter does not get compressed and the hand is not a container. 'Stuffing an envelope with money' is *not* an instance because the money does not get compressed. 'Stuffing a suitcase with clothes' is an instance, since the clothes do become compressed from their original shape. Includes parts of verb senses 1, 2 and 6 of 'stuff' in WordNet: 1. (5) stuff - (fill completely; 'The child stuffed his pockets with candy') 2. (4) thrust, stuff, shove, squeeze - (press or force; 'Stuff money into an envelope\"; 'She thrust the letter into his hand') 6. stuff - (fill tightly with a material; 'stuff a pillow with feathers'; 'The old lady wants to have her dead poodle stuffed by the taxidermist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Packing :Compacting ) ] . :StuffingaFoodObject :wnsense "farce1v", "stuff7v" ; :wordnet "farce", "stuff" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StuffingaFoodObject'' is a 'StuffingThingsIntoaContainer' where the 'container' is a FoodObject with a cavity, prior to cooking the FoodObject. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stuff' in WordNet: 7. farce, stuff - (fill with a stuffing while cooking; 'Have you stuffed the turkey yet?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StuffingThingsIntoaContainer . :Stuffy :isTheOppositeOf :Airy, :Ventilated ; :wnsense "airless1adj", "close8adj", "stuffy1adj", "unaired1adj" ; :wordnet "airless", "close", "stuffy", "unaired" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stuffy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) airless, close, stuffy, unaired - (lacking fresh air; 'a dusty airless attic'; 'the dreadfully close atmosphere'; 'hot and stuffy and the air was blue with smoke') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Stumbling :en "stumbling", "tripping" ; :ldoce "trip" ; :wnsense "stumble2v", "trip1v", "trip3n" ; :wordnet "stumble", "trip" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which an Animal, in the process of Ambulation, misses a step (usually unintentionally) and either almost loses balance, then recovers, or falls to the ground. NOTE that the sliding action of a 'slip' is not included unless it causes a loss of balance. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'stumble' and verb sense 1 of 'trip' and noun sense 3 of 'trip' in WordNet: WN 'stumble': 1. (2) stumble, trip - (miss a step and fall or nearly fall; 'She stumbled over the tree root') WN noun 'trip': 3. slip, trip - (an accidental misstep threatening (or causing) a fall; 'he blamed his slip on the ice'; 'the jolt caused many slips and a few spills') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :Motion . :Stump :wnsense "stump1n", "stump2n" ; :wordnet "stump" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stump'' is a short 'RemainingPart' of a Plant trunk or limb. This includes all stumps from organisms; a 'tree stump' by itself would be a subtype - if needed. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'stump' in WordNet: 1. (5) stump, tree stump - (the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled) 2. (1) stump - (the part of a limb or tooth that remains after the rest is removed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stunning :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :PayingAttention ; :wnsense "arresting1adj", "sensational1adj", "stunning1adj" ; :wordnet "arresting", "sensational", "stunning" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stunning' in Wordnet: 1. (1) arresting, sensational, stunning - (commanding attention; 'an arresting drawing of people turning into animals'; 'a sensational concert-one never to be forgotten'; 'a stunning performance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interesting . :StunninglyBeautiful :en "stunningly beautiful" ; :enadj "stunningly beautiful" ; :guid "bd58f973-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Beautiful ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Staring ; :ldoce "beautiful" ; :wnsense "beautiful1adj" ; :wordnet "beautiful" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A high intensity of 'Beautiful', specifically applied to women.. NOTE in Cyc this is a type of object, which is a different way of expressing attributes than in COSMO. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dazzling, :GoodLooking, :Gorgeous, :Pretty . :Stunt :wnsense "stunt1n" ; :wordnet "stunt" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stunt'' is some Action that most people can't do. NOTE: the term 'stunt' is sometimes used for Actions that are improper as well as unusual ('pull a stunt like that'), but that meaning is not included here. Evel Knievel was noted for performing dangerous ''Stunt''s on a motorcycle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stunt' in WordNet: 1. (2) stunt - (a difficult or unusual or dangerous feat; usually done to gain attention) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feat, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Difficult ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Stunted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :StuntingGrowth ; :wnsense "scrawny2adj", "stunted2adj" ; :wordnet "scrawny", "stunted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stunted' in Wordnet: 1. scrawny, scrubby, stunted - (inferior in size or quality; 'scrawny cattle'; 'scrubby cut-over pine'; 'old stunted thorn trees') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :StuntingGrowth :wnsense "stunt1v" ; :wordnet "stunt" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StuntingGrowth'' is an ''Impeding'' caused by natural or human factors that limit the 'growth' of an Organism, whether physically or mentally. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stunt' in WordNet: 1. (1) stunt - (check the growth or development of; 'You will stunt your growth by building all these muscles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impeding, :LimitingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :GrowingEvent :Development :MentalDevelopment ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stunted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Stupid :en "dull-witted" ; :enadj "dull-witted" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Intelligent ; :ldoce "stupid" ; :wnsense "dense5adj", "dim5adj", "dull1adj", "dull7adj", "dumb1adj", "obtuse4adj", "slow3adj", "stupid1adj", "stupid3adj", "unintelligent1adj" ; :wordnet "dense", "dim", "dull", "dumb", "obtuse", "slow", "stupid", "unintelligent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Stupid' is the attribute of someone who has a significantly lower than average intelligence. It is the opposite of 'Intelligent'. Intelligence has multiple aspects, and this is a region within the meaning of the broadest sense of intelligence. This attribute characterizes persons; to call an action 'stupid' is a different sense, meaning that it appears to have been performed by a Stupid person - this sense is closer to sense 2 in RHW: 'characterized by or proceeding from mental dullness; foolish; senseless: a stupid question.' and that sense is represented by the AttributeValue 'IncompetentlyPerformed' NOTE: the term 'dull-witted' is an approximate synonym for this concept, but that term has no entry in WN. RHW 'dull-witted': mentally slow; stupid. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'stupid' and sense 1 of 'unintelligent' and sense 1 of 'dumb' in WordNet: 1. (10) stupid - (lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity) 3. unintelligent, stupid - (lacking intelligence; 'a dull job with lazy and unintelligent co-workers') WN adjective 'dumb': 1. (9) dense, dim, dull, dumb, obtuse, slow - (slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity; 'so dense he never understands anything I say to him'; 'never met anyone quite so dim'; 'although dull at classical learning, at mathematics he was uncommonly quick'- Thackeray; 'dumb officials make some really dumb decisions'; 'he was either normally stupid or being deliberately obtuse'; 'worked with the slow students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :StupidPerson :wnsense "boob1n", "booby1n", "dimwit1n", "doofus1n", "dope2n", "dumbbell2n", "dummy2n", "half-wit2n", "nitwit1n", "pinhead1n", "simpleton1n" ; :wordnet "boob", "booby", "dimwit", "doofus", "dope", "dumbbell", "dummy", "half-wit", "nitwit", "pinhead", "simpleton" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StupidPerson'' is someone who has either a lower-than-average level of general intelligence or who lacks the ability to think rationally, or consistently makes poor decisions. These terms are generally considered as insultingly impolite. Includes noun sense 1 of 'simpleton' and noun sense 2 of 'dummy' in WordNet: 1. simpleton, simple - (a person lacking intelligence or common sense) WN noun 'dummy': 2. dumbbell, dummy, dope, boob, booby, pinhead - (an ignorant or foolish person) WN noun 'dimwit': 1. dimwit, nitwit, half-wit, doofus - (a stupid incompetent person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stupid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sturgeon :guid "be17d1f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sturgeon1n" ; :wordnet "sturgeon" ; a :BiologicalFamily, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sturgeon' in WordNet: 1. sturgeon - (large primitive fishes valued for their flesh and roe; widely distributed in the North Temperate Zone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ganoid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Caviar ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Stutter :wnsense "stammer1n", "stutter1n" ; :wordnet "stammer", "stutter" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stutter'' is a ''SpeechDisorder'' that hinders people from speaking in a normal rhythm, and may cause halting and repetition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stutter' in WordNet: 1. stammer, stutter - (a speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpeechDisorder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Stuttering :wnsense "bumble3v", "falter4v", "stammer1v", "stutter1v" ; :wordnet "bumble", "falter", "stammer", "stutter" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Stuttering'' is a ''Speaking'' in which a person talks in a halting maner, at a rhythm not flowing smoothly as in normal speec, with oasional repretitionof words or syllables. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'stutter' in WordNet: 1. (2) bumble, stutter, stammer, falter - (speak haltingly; 'The speaker faltered when he saw his opponent enter the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking . :Style :wnsense "style1n" ; :wordnet "style" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Style'' is a subtype of a grouping of things (ArtifactObjects or Actions) with some common attribute (a 'category', 'kind', or 'sort') where the common Attribute is a subAttribute of ''AppearanceAttribute''. This type is used mostly to refer to the impression that the elements of the characterized Group make on people when observed visually. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'style' in WordNet: 1. (307) style - (a particular kind (as to appearance); 'this style of shoe is in demand') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sort . :StylePreference :ldoce "fashion", "style" ; :wnsense "fashion3n", "style4n" ; :wordnet "fashion", "style" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'StylePreference' is a BehaviorPreference that relates to Behavior exhibiting a person's individual taste regarding what clothes to wear, what food to eat, what recreations to enjoy, and other behaviors that have no significant impact on other people.. Corresponds to part of sense 4 of 'style' in WordNet: 4. (66) dash, elan, flair, panache, style - (distinctive and stylish elegance; 'he wooed her with the confident dash of a cavalry officer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorPreference . :StylingHair :en "style hair", "styling" ; :eng "styling hair" ; :enn "styling" ; :env "style hair" ; :wnsense "style2v" ; :wordnet "style" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''StylingHair'' is the act of 'Beautifying'' a Person's appearance by shaping the hair in some attractive style. Corresponds to *part* verb sense 2 of 'style' (specific for styling Hair) in WordNet: 2. style - (make consistent with a certain fashion or style; 'Style my hair'; 'style the dress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beautifying, :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HairOnHead ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Stylish :indicatesConformanceTo :Fashion ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :WearingFashionableClothing ; :ldoce "fashionable" ; :wnsense "fashionable2adj", "stylish1adj" ; :wordnet "fashionable", "stylish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A QualitativeAttributeValue of People who dress or behave according to the current social fashions. This term 'stylish' can characterize either appearance or behavior, but this type represents the atribute of manners of dress. For 'stylish' as applied to behavior or objects such as decoration or places that are decorated in a pleasing and popular manner, use type 'Fashionable'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'fashionable' in WordNet; note that the usage 'stylish resort' is not part of this type, but is represented in COSMO by 'Fashionable' in WordNet: 2. stylish, fashionable - (having elegance or taste or refinement in manners or dress; 'a little less posh but every bit as stylish as Lord Peter Wimsey'; 'the stylish resort of Gstadd') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :StylishManner :ldoce "style" ; :takesValue :Stylish ; :wnsense "dash1n", "elan2n", "flair2n", "panache1n", "style4n" ; :wordnet "dash", "elan", "flair", "panache", "style" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'StylishManner' is a ''BehavioralManner'' of people that is appreciated by other people as being noticeably attractive or pleasant, or exhibiting a confident expertise. The meaning of 'style' in this phrase includes ''WearingFashionableClothing''. Other forms of behavior may be characterized as being examples of ''StylishManner'' but are not yet represented. Perhaps some manners of speaking? In the WN gloss some manner of 'wooing' have 'dash' - any specific examples. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'style' in WordNet: 4. (66) dash, elan, flair, panache, style - (distinctive and stylish elegance; 'he wooed her with the confident dash of a cavalry officer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehavioralManner . :Stylishness :contrastsWith :Inelegance ; :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Chic, :Stylish ; :wnsense "chic1n", "chichi2n", "chicness1n", "last word3n", "modishness1n", "smartness3n", "stylishness1n", "swank1n" ; :wordnet "chic", "chichi", "chicness", "last word", "modishness", "smartness", "stylishness", "swank" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stylishness' in WordNet: 1. chic, chicness, chichi, modishness, smartness, stylishness, swank, last word - (elegance by virtue of being fashionable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elegance . :Stylistic :isAnAttributeValueOf :WritingStyle ; :pertainsTo :WritingStyle ; :wnsense "stylistic1adj" ; :wordnet "stylistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'stylistic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) stylistic - (of or relating to style (especially in the use of language); 'stylistic devices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Stylus :wnsense "style8n", "stylus2n" ; :wordnet "style", "stylus" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stylus'' is a ''HandTool'' that is about the size and shape of a ''Pencil'', with a pointy end,with several subtypes,each used for a different purpose, such as engraving or writing. One type is used with computer screens that are touch sensitive, to allow more precision than possible when touching the screen with a finger. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'stylus' in WordNet: 2. stylus, style - (a pointed tool for writing or drawing or engraving; 'he drew the design on the stencil with a steel stylus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :HandTool, :LongAndThinObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PointyEnded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cylindrical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1.5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Styrene :guid "745d79bc-7667-41d7-8b51-fd72b9fab635", "806dc5da-bed4-41d7-81fc-a6b822f7cd22" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C6H5CHCH2 ; :wnsense "cinnamene1n", "phenylethylene1n", "styrene1n", "vinylbenzene1n" ; :wordnet "cinnamene", "phenylethylene", "styrene", "vinylbenzene" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE:CYC has an entry 'StyreneMonomer' that appears to be identical in meaning to ''Styrene'' but it is unclear why the differentiation - perhaps something to do with the way CYC treats polymers and their monomer elements. CYC 'StyreneMonomer': A specialization of #$Monomer. Each instance of #$StyreneMonomer is a sample of C6H5CH:CH2. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'styrene' in WordNet: 1. styrene, cinnamene, phenylethylene, vinylbenzene - (a colorless oily liquid; the monomer for polystyrene) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AromaticCompound, :Hydrocarbon, :Petrochemical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Styrofoam ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Styrofoam :guid "be0116d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Styrofoam1n" ; :wordnet "Styrofoam" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC:styrofoam Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'styrofoam' in WordNet: 1. (1) Styrofoam - (a light resilient foam of polystyrene) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Padding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Styrene ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fluffy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :StyrofoamPeanut :en "styrofoam peanut" ; :enn "styrofoam peanut" ; :guid "e297b244-a35d-41d7-8ab3-854147c85c17" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of this collection is a peanut-shaped piece of #$Styrofoam, whose primary function is to fill the empty spaces in #$MailableObjects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Styrofoam ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shipping ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :SubAtomicParticle :guid "bd58db74-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "particle2n", "subatomic particle1n" ; :wordnet "particle", "subatomic particle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization #$MicroscopicScaleObject and #$InanimateObject-Natural. Each instance of #$SubAtomicParticle is a physical particle smaller than the smallest atom. Major subcollections of #$SubAtomicParticle include #$Electron, #$Proton, and #$Neutron. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subatomic particle' in WordNet: 1. (1) particle, subatomic particle - (a body having finite mass and internal structure but negligible dimensions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubatomicObject . :SubConscious :wnsense "subconscious mind1n", "subconscious1n" ; :wordnet "subconscious", "subconscious mind" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''SubConscious'' is the part of the 'Mind' that is not present in the conscious mental processes, and not directly accessible to remembering. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subconscious' in WordNet: 1. subconscious mind, subconscious - (psychic activity just below the level of awareness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mind, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonConscious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SubEvent a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Added to integrate BFO ''FiatProcessPart'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :SubGroup :wnsense "subgroup1n" ; :wordnet "subgroup" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subgroup' in WordNet: 1. (1) subgroup - (a distinct and often subordinate group within a group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Group ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ] . :SubHumanIntelligence a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A low level of intelligence - inadequate to support use of a human language, but enabling some manipulation of symbols. It is found in some primates and dolphins, and perhaps other animals.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intelligence . :SubatomicObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of MicroscopicScaleObject, each instance of which is smaller than an atom. The borderline case is a proton, which is the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, but might also be considered as the ion of a hydrogen atom. This subsumes atomic nuclei and subatomic particles, but does not include any atomic ion that contains at least one electron in orbit around the nucleus.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MicroscopicScaleObject . :Subcommittee :wnsense "subcommittee1n" ; :wordnet "subcommittee" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Subcommittee'' is an ''Organization'', not a ''GroupOfPeople'', and is part of a ''Committee''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subcommittee' in WordNet: 1. (1) subcommittee - (a subset of committee members organized for a specific purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Committee, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Committee ] . :Subculture :wnsense "subculture1n" ; :wordnet "subculture" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Subculture is a Culture associated with an identifiable subgroup within a larger GroupOfPeople From the Palomar Cultural Anthropology glossary: 'a regional, social, or ethnic group that is distinguishable from other groups in a society. Members of a subculture often share a common identity, food tradition, dialect or language, and other cultural traits that come from their common ancestral background and experience. Subcultures are most likely to exist in complex, diverse societies, such as the U.S. and Canada, in which people have come from many different parts of the world.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subculture' in Wordnet: 1. subculture - (a social group within a national culture that has distinctive patterns of behavior and beliefs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Culture . :Subdivision :wnsense "section1n", "subdivision4n" ; :wordnet "section", "subdivision" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'subdivision' in WordNet: 4. section, subdivision - (a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical); 'he always turns first to the business section'; 'the history of this work is discussed in the next section') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :ConceptualWork, :Section, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConceptualWork ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :SubduingByForce :wnsense "conquer1v", "curb2v", "inhibit1v", "keep down2v", "quash1v", "reduce12v", "repress1v", "stamp down1v", "subdue1v", "subdue2v", "subjugate1v" ; :wordnet "conquer", "curb", "inhibit", "keep down", "quash", "reduce", "repress", "stamp down", "subdue", "subjugate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SubduingByForce'' is a ''SuppressingActivity'' (restraining a Group) by the use of force. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'subdue' in WordNet: 1. (2) repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate, reduce - (put down by force or intimidation; 'The government quashes any attempt of an uprising'; 'China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently'; 'The rich landowners subjugated the peasants working the land') 2. (2) suppress, stamp down, inhibit, subdue, conquer, curb - (to put down by force or authority; 'suppress a nascent uprising'; 'stamp down on littering'; 'conquer one's desires') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Repression, :SuppressingActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViolentAction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :SubjectOfaSentence :guid "c0fe02b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "subject" ; :wnsense "subject7n" ; :wordnet "subject" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SubjectOfaSentence' is the part of a Sentence (word or phrase that) that is considered as the Subject by grammarians; it is the thing that is ditinct from the Predicate, and about which the Predicate asserts some facts. In passive sentences the Subject may be the logical Patient of an action. There may be some variationin usage: in Japanese, the formal 'subject' is parked by the particle 'ga' but many sentences use only the topic-marker 'wa'. Whether one considers the topic (as in Japanese) to be a 'subject' is for the specific grammatical theory to determine. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'subject' in WordNet: 7. (9) subject - ((grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CaseRole, :NounPhrase . :SubjectOfanImage :ldoce "subject" ; :wnsense "subject4n" ; :wordnet "subject" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SubjectOfanImage' is the main Topic of an image (photograph, drawing, painting) and is here the AbstractImage that comprises that portion of the image that is not background. it is related to the PhysicalObject depicted (if it is real and not imaginary) by the relation 'depictsObject'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'subject' in Wordnet: 4. (113) subject, content, depicted object - (something (a person or object or scene) selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation; 'a moving picture of a train is more dramatic than a still picture of the same subject') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, :Topic . :SubjectPronoun :en "subject pronoun" ; :enn "subject pronoun" ; :guid "bd588501-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all subject pronouns. Subject pronouns can replace the subject noun in a sentence, but not the direct object, indirect object, or oblique object noun. Example: 'he'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun, :SubjectOfaSentence . :Subjective :isTheOppositeOf :Objective ; :wnsense "subjective1adj" ; :wordnet "subjective" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Subjective'' is an EvaluativeAttribute for a MentalObject particularly Opinons or Beliefs or Comclusions, that the judgment of an IntelligentAgent regarding that entity is based on criteria that depend largely on influences such as ''Feeling''s or ''Intuition'' or bias or partisan or religious affinity. This contrasts with ''Objective''. NOTE: the term 'Subjective' is also applied to the quality of Assertions (oral orwritten) that are produced by ''Subjective'' decision-making processes. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'subjective' in WordNet: 1. (10) subjective - (taking place within the mind and modified by individual bias; 'a subjective judgment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Subjectivity :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Subjective ; :wnsense "subjectiveness1n", "subjectivity1n" ; :wordnet "subjectiveness", "subjectivity" ; a :CapabilityType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Subjectivity'' is a ''PersonalityTrait'' of people who do not conscientiously apply analytical reasoning and respect for verified factual information in making judgments, rather rely on intuition and feelings in coming to conclusions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subjectivity' in WordNet: 1. subjectivity, subjectiveness - (judgment based on individual personal impressions and feelings and opinions rather than external facts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Subjective ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Objectivity ; owl:onProperty :contrastsWith ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThinkingIntuitively ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Feeling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Sublimating :eng "sublimating" ; :guid "bfbc0a9c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sublimate4v", "sublime2v" ; :wordnet "sublimate", "sublime" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Each instance of #$Sublimating is an event in which a piece of tangible stuff is directly transformed from a solid state to a gaseous state. See also the related collection #$SublimatingToSolid. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'sublimate' in WordNet: 4. sublime, sublimate - (change or cause to change directly from a solid into a vapor without first melting; 'sublime iodine'; 'some salts sublime when heated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vaporization . :Submarine :guid "bd588c5b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "submarine1n" ; :wordnet "submarine" ; a :ContainerType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Submarine is a Vessel designed to travel under the surface of the water, usually built for military purposes. The military variety is ''MilitarySubmarine''. CYC: #$Submarine is a specialization of #$Watercraft-Subsurface, #$Container-PressureBarrier, and #$ModernNavalShip. Each instance of #$Submarine is a pressurized vessel designed to travel underwater. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'submarine' in Wordnet (includes non-military submarines, such as research vessels, often called 'submersibles' if not powered): in WordNet: 1. (7) submarine, pigboat, sub, U-boat - (a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vessel, :WaterTransportationVehicle, :Watercraft-Subsurface . :Submarine-Military :guid "bf74f4c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "U-boat1n", "pigboat1n", "sub2n", "submarine1n" ; :wordnet "U-boat", "pigboat", "sub", "submarine" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of submarines typically used by military organizations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'submarine' in Wordnet (includes non-military submarines, such as research vessels, often called 'submersibles' if not powered): in WordNet: 1. (7) submarine, pigboat, sub, U-boat - (a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryVessel, :MilitaryWatercraft, :ModernNavalShip, :Submarine, :Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torpedo ; owl:onProperty :typicallyUsesDevice ] . :SubmarineSandwich :guid "ed69e5e8-733e-11d6-8000-0002b34b8539" ; :wnsense "Cuban sandwich1n", "Italian sandwich1n", "bomber3n", "grinder1n", "hero sandwich1n", "hero7n", "hoagie1n", "hoagy1n", "poor boy1n", "sub1n", "submarine sandwich1n", "submarine2n", "torpedo2n", "wedge2n", "zep1n" ; :wordnet "Cuban sandwich", "Italian sandwich", "bomber", "grinder", "hero", "hero sandwich", "hoagie", "hoagy", "poor boy", "sub", "submarine", "submarine sandwich", "torpedo", "wedge", "zep" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$Sandwich. Each instance of #$SubmarineSandwich is a large sandwich made with a crusty roll of bread that has been cut lengthwise and filled with some combination of meat, cheese, condiments, and vegetables. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'submarine sandwich' in WordNet: 1. bomber, grinder, hero, hero sandwich, hoagie, hoagy, Cuban sandwich, Italian sandwich, poor boy, sub, submarine, submarine sandwich , torpedo, wedge, zep - (a large sandwich made of a long crusty roll split lengthwise and filled with meats and cheese (and tomato and onion and lettuce and condiments); different names are used in different sections of the United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sandwich, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongRoll ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ellipse ; owl:onProperty :hasCrossSectionalShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Meat ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cheese ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VegetableMatter ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :Submerged :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :BeingUnderwater ; :wnsense "submerged1adj", "submersed1adj", "underwater1adj" ; :wordnet "submerged", "submersed", "underwater" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'submerged' in Wordnet: 1. (2) submerged, submersed, underwater - (beneath the surface of the water; 'submerged rocks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SubmergingInWater :wnsense "dunk1v", "submerge3v" ; :wordnet "dunk", "submerge" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid'' in which the 'liquid' is''Water''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'submerge' in WordNet: 3. submerge, submerse - (put under water; 'submerge your head completely') WN verb 'dunk': 1. (1) dunk, dip, souse, plunge, douse - (immerse briefly into a liquid so as to wet, coat, or saturate; 'dip the garment into the cleaning solution'; 'dip the brush into the paint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImmersingSomethingInaLiquid, :Soaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isIntoInteriorOf ] . :Submission :wnsense "entry4n", "submission1n" ; :wordnet "entry", "submission" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Submission'' is an ''OriginalScript'' ( a 'manuscript', but not usually hadwritten) of an Article submitted for publication in some Periodical. NOTE: there are at least two senses of ''Entry'' that can be related to the WN sysnset 4 for 'entry', a Person enering into a competition and a manuscript submitted for publication. This is for the manuscript, whch can be in paper or electronic form. Corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'submission' in WordNet: 1. (3) submission, entry - (something (manuscripts or architectural plans and models or estimates or works of art of all genres etc.) submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition); 'several of his submissions were rejected by publishers'; 'what was the date of submission of your proposal?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OriginalScript, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PeriodicalPublisher ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedRecipient ] . :SubmittingSomething :wnsense "refer4v", "submit1v" ; :wordnet "refer", "submit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sending or handing over a document (which can be electronic) to another Person or group of people for some form of consideration or decision. Broadly, this is the transfer of some information to a part in the expectation that that person(s) will perform some action on the basis of that submission. This can be a completed examination, a filled-in form, a manuscript for publication, a proposal, or anything that might be the subject of revview or judgment. Icludes verb sense 1 of 'submit' and part of verb sense 4 of 'refer' in WordNet: 1. (12) submit, subject - (refer for judgment or consideration; 'She submitted a proposal to the agency') WN verb 'refer': 4. (6) refer - (send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision; 'refer a patient to a specialist'; 'refer a bill to a committee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SendingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Document-Physical :InformationObject :AbstractDocument ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :Subordinate :wnsense "subordinate1n", "subsidiary1n", "underling1n" ; :wordnet "subordinate", "subsidiary", "underling" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Subordinate'' is a ''Helper'' who directly reports to a ''Supervisor'' in an Organization with a formal hierarchy. ~ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subordinate' in WordNet: 1. (3) subordinate, subsidiary, underling, foot soldier - (an assistant subject to the authority or control of another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Helper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReportingToaManager ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSupervisedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Supervisor ] . :SubordinatingConjunction :guid "bd650413-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: The collection of all conjunctions which can introduce a subordinate clause. Example: 'after'. Common Subordinating conjunctions: after how till ( or 'til) although if unless as inasmuch until as if in order that when as long as lest whenever as much as now that where as soon as provided (that) wherever as though since while because so that before than even if that even though though""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conjunction . :Suborganization :ldoce "unit" ; :wnsense "unit3n" ; :wordnet "unit" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Suborganization' is an Organization that is a proper part of some other Organization, related by the relation 'isaSubOrganizationOf'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'unit' in WordNet: 3. (9) unit, social unit - (an organization regarded as part of a larger social group; 'the coach said the offensive unit did a good job'; 'after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubOrganizationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :Subpoena :wnsense "subpoena ad testificandum1n", "subpoena1n" ; :wordnet "subpoena", "subpoena ad testificandum" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Subpoena'' is a ''Summoning'' issued by a Court to require a Person to appear, and in some cases, to bring specified document(s) (a 'subpoena duces tecum'). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subpoena' in WordNet: 1. subpoena, subpoena ad testificandum - (a writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Writ, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ServingaSubpoena ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Subscale :en "subscale" ; :enn "subscale" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Subscale'' is a ''RatingScale'' that is a distinguishable part of a larger ''RatingScale''. No sense of 'subscale' in WN or RHW: From Merriam-Webster online: Definition of subscale: : a scale used to obtain a rating or measurement that contributes to a rating or measurement on a larger scale. 'The overall score on this scale is the sum of scores on the four subscales.'; 'The 90 symptoms form nine subscales and three measures of overall distress.' - Marjorie Chary Feinson """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RatingScale, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RatingScale ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ] . :Subscriber :wnsense "reader2n", "subscriber2n" ; :wordnet "reader", "subscriber" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Subscriber'' is the ''LegalAgent'' (usually a Person) who performs a ''SubscribingToaPeriodical'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'subscriber' in WordNet: 2. subscriber, reader - (someone who contracts to receive and pay for a service or a certain number of issues of a publication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SubscribingToaPeriodical ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :SubscribingToaPeriodical :wnsense "subscribe to1v", "subscribe5v", "take32v" ; :wordnet "subscribe", "subscribe to", "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SubscribingToaPeriodical'' is a ''MakingaTwoAgentContract'' between a ''Subscriber'' and a ''PeriodicalPublisher'' Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'subscribe' in WordNet: 5. subscribe, subscribe to, take - (receive or obtain by regular payment; 'We take the Times every day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaTwoAgentContract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Subscription ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Subscriber ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Subscription :FIBO "contract" ; :ldoce "contract", "deal" ; :wnsense "contract1n", "deal2n", "subscription1n" ; :wordnet "contract", "deal", "subscription" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''Subscripton'' is a ''TwoAgentDeal'' in which a Publisher of some Periodical agrees to deliver the issues of that periodical over some period of time in return for some 'Payment'' that may be a ''One-TimePayment'' or a ''PayingPeriodically''. NOTE: in WN a 'subscription' is a 'payment' but it appears closer to a 'contract' and is classified as such in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subscription' in WordNet: 1. (1) subscription - (a payment for consecutive issues of a newspaper or magazine for a given period of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contract, :TwoAgentDeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubscribingToaPeriodical ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PeriodicalPublisher ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Subscriber ] . :Subsequent :isTheOppositeOf :Prior ; :wnsense "future3adj", "later1adj", "subsequent1adj" ; :wordnet "future", "later", "subsequent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Subsequent'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that specifies that the thing (usually an Event or state) modified existed or will exist or is expected to exist *after* another event of the same type.. Compare ''Prior'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'subsequent' and part of adjective sense 1 of 'later' (only the comparative) in WordNet: 1. (5) subsequent - (following in time or order; 'subsequent developments') WN adj 'later': 1. (16) future, later, ulterior - (coming at a subsequent time or stage; 'the future president entered college at the age of 16'; 'awaiting future actions on the bill'; 'later developments'; 'without ulterior argument') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Subsiding :wnsense "lessen3v", "subside1v" ; :wordnet "lessen", "subside" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Subsiding'' is a ''Weakening'' of the intensity of some process that affects other things. This is general, but is often used for ''AilmentCondition''s or weather phenomena. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'subside' in WordNet: 1. (4) subside, lessen - (wear off or die down; 'The pain subsided') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weakening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weaker ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strength ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :SubsidizingSomething :wnsense "subsidise2v", "subsidize1v" ; :wordnet "subsidise", "subsidize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SubsidizingSomething'' is a ''ProvidingMonetarySupport'' to an Agent to help the Agent perform some kind of activity. The amount given may only cover a part of the costs of the activity. examples: research, public service television, arts. @mod65 This may be one time or on a continuing basis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subsidize' in WordNet: 1. (6) subsidize, subsidise - (support through subsidies; 'The arts in Europe are heavily subsidized') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FundingaProject, :ProvidingMonetarySupport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Subsidy ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Subsidy :wnsense "subsidy1n" ; :wordnet "subsidy" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Subsidy'' is a ''Grant'' specifically for some type of activity that benefits the public. This is given in a ''SubsidizingSomething'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subsidy' in WordNet: 1. (1) subsidy - (a grant paid by a government to an enterprise that benefits the public; 'a subsidy for research in artificial intelligence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SubsidizingSomething ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ] . :Subsistence :isaPartOf :Income ; :wnsense "subsistence1n" ; :wordnet "subsistence" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subsistence' in WordNet: 1. (3) subsistence - (minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting; 'social security provided only a bare subsistence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Livelihood . :Subsisting :wnsense "exist2v", "live4v", "subsist1n", "subsistence2n", "survive3v" ; :wordnet "exist", "live", "subsist", "subsistence", "survive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Subsisting'' is ''Living'' with only the minimum financial means to avoid starvation or homelessness. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'subsist' in WordNet: 1. (1) exist, survive, live, subsist - (support oneself; 'he could barely exist on such a low wage'; 'Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?'; 'Many people in the world have to subsist on $1 a day') WN noun 'subsistence': 2. (1) subsistence - (a means of surviving; 'farming is a hard means of subsistence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Continuation, :Living, :StayingInaState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alive ; owl:onProperty :hasConstantAttributeOrLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Subsistence ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :SubstanceAbuse :wnsense "substance abuse1n" ; :wordnet "substance abuse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SubstanceAbuse'' is the union of ''ExcessiveAlcoholConsumption'' and ''DrugAbuse''. This type is broader than both RHW (includes sort-term excessive alcohol ingestion) and WN (includes alcohol not just 'drugs') RHW 'substance abuse': long-term, pathological use of alcohol or drugs, characterized by daily intoxication, inability to reduce consumption, and impairment in social or occupational functioning; broadly, alcohol or drug addiction Corresponds to art of WN noun sense 1 of 'substance abuse' in WordNet: 1. substance abuse, drug abuse, habit - (excessive use of drugs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ingesting ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ExcessiveAlcoholConsumption :DrugAbuse ) ] . :SubstanceAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'SubstanceAttributeValue' is an AttributeValue that asserts some relationship of something to a PhysicalSubstance. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SubstanceByState :guid "be00c400-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "form8n", "phase1n" ; :wordnet "form", "phase" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type represents, among other things, the three traditional 'states' of matter - solid, liquid, gas, and the fourth 'state' ''Plasma' - recognized by physicists, but in COSMO these notions are nto repreented as 'states', rather as subtypes of ''PhysicalSubstance'', of which there are numerous subtypes. The 'state of matter' entry in WordNet is included here, bt if there is areason to treat that notion differently, the four COSMO entries to include or re-represent would be: ''SolidSunstance '' ''FluidSubstance'' and its subtypes ''LiquidSubstance'' and ''Gas'' ''Plasma'' (WN sense 3, the 'flux' of charged particles in shapes formed by magnetic fields) A #$SecondOrderCollection and a specialization of #$ExistingStuffType (q.v.). Each instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType is a collection of pieces of tangible stuff that are all in the same distinct physical state, where the notion of physical state is a naive (as in #$NaivePhysicsMt) concept of a distinctive physical structure and/or texture. Some instances of #$TangibleStuffStateType have distinctive chemical compositions, such as #$Diamond; but for collections that are distinguished _solely_ on the basis of chemical composition, see #$TangibleStuffCompositionType. #$TangibleStuffStateType includes both (i) collections of substances that can exist only in one distinct physical state (e.g. #$Diamond again) and (ii) collections of pieces of stuff that by definition are in a certain distinct state (e.g. ice). Instances of #$TangibleStuffStateType include #$Foam, #$Rubble, and (#$LiquidFn #$Water). Note that #$Water per se is _not_ an instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType, since some water is in a gaseous state or a solid state. See also (the somewhat orthogonal) #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute. Icludes noun sense 1 of 'state of matter' and sense 1 of 'phase' in WordNet: 1. (56) phase, form - ((physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary; 'the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system') WN noun 'state of matter': 1. (3) state of matter, state - ((chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container); 'the solid state of water is called ice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistingStuffType . :SubstanceDensity a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SubstanceDensity'' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' and a subtype of 'PhysicalSubstance' for which the instances of this type specify the density (mass/volume) for an instance of ''SubstanceType\". """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaFractionalComponentOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDensityInGramsPerCC ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:float ] . :SubstanceGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SubstanceGroup' is a Group consisting exclusively of PhysicalSubstances, or of instances of SubstanceType. For ordered Substancegroups (as for reaction chains), use specific subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :SubstanceInaSpecificShape a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SubstanceInaSpecificShape is a category which helps to refer to substance-like stuff which has some specific shape. To be in this category requires that a Substance be solid, so that it can retain its shape. Examples are lumber ('dimensional lumber'. e.g. 2x4s), cloth, or aluminum foil, or steel bearings. These categories might also in some cases be represented as a group of objects - reflecting a collective noun designation in grammar.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance . :SubstanceRatio a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SubstanceRatio' is a special type that is intended to represent a ratio of physical substances. To avoid creating special relations, it is represented as an OrderedTrio. The first element is the first substance, the second element points to the second substance, and the third element points to the mass (weight) ratio of the first substance to the second substance, which is a dimensionless number (grams per gram, pounds per pound, etc.). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :OrderedTrio, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasThirdElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :RealNumber ] . :SubstanceRole a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SubstanceRole is a Substance that is categorized by the Role it plays or is intended to play in some Event, such as a DrugSubstance.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsAgentInActionType ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysiologicalEffect ] . :SubstanceShapeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """SubstanceShapeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances in a particular shape 'SubstanceInaSpecificShape' and an argument restriction for the isaFormOfSubstance relation. NOTE: instances are *not* AttributeValues, as are instances of 'ShapeType'. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstanceType . :SubstanceType :ldoce "substance" ; :wnsense "substance1n", "substance2n" ; :wordnet "substance" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """SubstanceType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for physical substances and an argument restriction for the has ComponentSubstance relation. The classes that are instances of this metatype are what is usually referred to as 'substance' such as water, gold,soil. These are also subtypes of 'PhysicalSubstance' A ''SubstanceType'' is a subtype of ''AgentType'' because substance can have effects on objects, particularly on the ''PhysiologicalProcess''es of Organisms. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments. NOTE that a 'substance' like water is represented as both an instance of 'SubstanceType' and as a subtype of 'PhysicalSubstances'. This treatment differs from that in most other ontologies. NOTE: as of rev929, Protege 4 infers individual substances to be subtypes of 'SubstanceType' - why? Need to track that down: @ToDo! (see 'Food' - not a subtype.) All PhysicalSubstances (gold, sand, sugar) will be instances of SubstanceType and subtype of 'PhysicalSubstance'. There are also more abstract substances, among which are money and energy. The restriction on hasGrainDiameter for SubstanceTypes should require subclasses rather than instances of LengthMeasure - instances may have to be created as a workaround. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 2 of 'substance' in WordNet, but most subtypes of sense 1 are stufflike and substance-like. This is for true substances, and Objects like 'atom' are classified in COSMO as 'PhysicalObject's: In Wordnet: 1. (68) substance, matter - (that which has mass and occupies space; 'an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter') 2. (4) substance - (the stuff of which an object consists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentType, :InheritableType, owl:Class . :SubstanceVehicle :isaComponentSubstanceOf :Mixture ; :ldoce "vehicle" ; :wnsense "vehicle3n" ; :wordnet "vehicle" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SubstanceVehicle' is a specialized concept most commonly used in Medicine where a 'vehicle' is a substance used to suspend or dissolve another substance (e.g. a drug) to facilitate injection or other form of application. This can also be used for substances used to suspend pigments or other solids for convenience in conveying. For generality, this is not necessarily a liquid - it could be a powdered 'excipient' - 'An excipient is a natural or synthetic substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication, included for the purpose of long-term stabilization, bulking up solid formulations that contain potent active ingredients'. The relation 'isaComponentSubstanceOf' indicates that the vehicle is part of a 'Mixture'. But to enable a restriction requiring Mixture (for which the 'SubstanceVehicle' is intended) to be specified would require the use of special types for 'SubstanceVehicle' and 'Mixture - as of Rev1121 not yet done. *ToDO: add in for medical applications?? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'vehicle' in WordNet: 3. vehicle - (a substance that facilitates the use of a drug or pigment or other material that is mixed with it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ConveyingMaterials :ActionType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Substantial :isTheOppositeOf :Insignificant ; :wnsense "significant2adj", "substantial1adj", "substantial2adj", "substantive1adj" ; :wordnet "significant", "substantial", "substantive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Substantial'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that asserts that the thing characterized is large enough or important enough or significant enough to warrant attention or notice. The thing characterized may be a qualitative or quantitative attribute. The attribute ''Large'' is a subtype, being either 'substantial' quantitatively or larger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'substantial' in WordNet: 1. (22) significant, substantial - (fairly large; 'won by a substantial margin') 2. (1) substantial, substantive - (having a firm basis in reality and being therefore important, meaningful, or considerable; 'substantial equivalents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Substitute :wnsense "ersatz1n", "replacement4n", "substitute1n" ; :wordnet "ersatz", "replacement", "substitute" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Substitute' is usually an Object or Substance that is used in place of or instead of another Object in some Action, but can also be a ''Representative'' who 'substitutes' for a person in some Event(s). This is a Role played by the Object, and each Substitute Role is specific for some Action or series of Actions. If an Object is *not* used as a Substitute for some interval of time, then its Role as a Substitute must be broken up into only those continuous TimeIntervals during which it was specifically a substitute for one other thing. A ''Substitute'' may be ''Simulated'' to resemble the original, but is not necessarily so. It can be quite distinct in appearance, but similar in functionality. This is the domain of the relation 'wasaSubstituteFor'. Sometimes the German 'ersatz' is used (see ''Simulated'' for the adjective): RHW an artificial substance or article used to replace something natural or genuine; a substitute. See also 'SubstituteThing', which is one (the less preferred) of two alternatives, but is not necessarily an object in a Substitution action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'substitute' and sense 4 of 'replacement' in WordNet: 1. (9) substitute, replacement - (a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another) WN noun 'ersatz': 1. ersatz - (an artificial or inferior substitute or imitation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :Role, :SubstituteThing . :SubstituteThing :wnsense "substitute1n" ; :wordnet "substitute" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PreferredThing' is the first of two alternatives in an AlternativePair, and, when there are differences in preference or utility, this will be the best choice or 'first choice'. For objects that are actually used as substitutes in a Substitution action, use the more specific 'Substitute'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'substitute' in WordNet: 1. (9) substitute, replacement - (a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlternativeThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAlternative ; owl:someValuesFrom :PreferredThing ] . :Substitution :wnsense "replace3v", "replacement1n", "substitute1v", "substitution1n", "switch2n" ; :wordnet "replace", "replacement", "substitute", "substitution", "switch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Substitution'' is an ''Exchange'' in which some object (including people) is removed from its functional location (usually in a system), and another object of similar type or functionality is put in the place of the first object. The original object may be retained or discarded - that is not at issue for this type. Conceptually, this type of Action can be viewed as a combination of removing something and adding something, where the 'something' in the two subEvents are different but of similar functionality, and the 'place' of removal and insertion are the same. Specifying each of those parts with equivalents and non-equivalents would require several FOL assertion. Can be done when FOL version is created. This corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'replacement'and sense 1 of 'substitution' and sense 2 of 'switch' in WordNet; This also is related indirectly to the notion of 'instead', though the linguistic usage is indirect, relating two of the participants of the Event. @ToDo: create a class of Pairs to represent the alternatives? see also the general 'hasAlternative', and more specific 'isAnAlternativeTo' (for actions) and 'wasperformedAsAnAlternativeTo'. *and* the general 'AlternativePair' for things that may be alternatively chosen even in actions that are not 'Substitution'. in WordNet: 1. (6) substitution, permutation, transposition, replacement, switch - (an event in which one thing is substituted for another; 'the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood') WN verb 'substitute': 1. (13) substitute, replace - (put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items; 'the con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt'; 'substitute regular milk with fat-free milk') 2. (5) substitute, sub, stand in, fill in - (be a substitute; 'The young teacher had to substitute for the sick colleague'; 'The skim milk substitutes for cream-we are on a strict diet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exchange . :Substrate :wnsense "substrate1n" ; :wordnet "substrate" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This 'Substrate' is a specialized term for biochemistry. Each subtype of 'Substrate' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that is used by some 'Enzyme' (whether alone or in ncombination with other substrates) and converted into some other 'SubstanceType'. The result may be any kind of modification, including splitting or fusion with other substances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'substrate' in WordNet: 1. (2) substrate - (the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reactant, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :BiochemicalReaction ] . :Substratum :wnsense "substrate3n", "substratum2n" ; :wordnet "substrate", "substratum" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is mostly used for geological layers that lie under others, but can be applied more broadly. In COSMO this is a PhysicalObject, but in WN it is a substance. More detail would be possible if geology is represented explicitly in a subtype.. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'substratum' and sense 3 of 'substrate' in WordNet: in WordNet: 3. substrate, substratum - (any stratum or layer lying underneath another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stratum . :Subtitle :wnsense "caption2n", "subtitle1n" ; :wordnet "caption", "subtitle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Subtitle'' is a ''Transcription'' of speech that occurs in a Movie or television program, presented on the screen. If the ''Subtitle'' is a rendering of the speech in a language other than the original, it is also a ''Translation''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 (not restricte to translations) of 'subtitle' in WordNet: 1. subtitle, caption - (translation of foreign dialogue of a movie or TV program; usually displayed at the bottom of the screen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Transcription, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TranscribingSpeech ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Subtle :isTheOppositeOf :Obvious, :Palpable ; :wnsense "elusive3adj", "subtle1adj" ; :wordnet "elusive", "subtle" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Subtle'' is difficult to detect (such as differences) or difficult to grasp the meaning or significance of. This is somewhat similar to ''DifficultToUnderstand'' in being an attribute of something difficult to do, but not the same; ''DifficultToUnderstand'' has its own type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'subtle' in WordNet: 1. (9) elusive, subtle - (be difficult to detect or grasp by the mind; 'his whole attitude had undergone a subtle change'; 'a subtle difference'; 'that elusive thing the soul') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Small . :Subtly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Subtly ; :wnsense "subtly1adv" ; :wordnet "subtly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'subtly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) subtly - (in a subtle manner; \"late nineteenth-century French opera at its most beautiful, subtly romantic with a twilight melancholy\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Suburb :wnsense "suburb1n" ; :wordnet "suburb" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeographicalArea'' near to but outside of a City, one of whose boundaries are the same as an outer part of the corresponding 'CityArea''. This is a ''PhysicalObject'' NOTE that 'suburbia' is reserved for discussing suburban areas generally: @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suburb' in WordNet: 1. (16) suburb, suburbia, suburban area - (a residential district located on the outskirts of a city) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityObject, :HumanResidenceArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :CityArea ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SuburbanArea ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suburban ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Suburban :contrastsWith :Urban ; :pertainsTo :Suburb ; :wnsense "suburban1adj" ; :wordnet "suburban" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Suburb'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''Suburb'' and typical Objects or activities in a ''Suburb''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'suburban' in WordNet: 1. (22) suburban - (relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs; 'suburban population') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SuburbanArea :wnsense "suburban area1n", "suburbia1n" ; :wordnet "suburban area", "suburbia" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SuburbanArea'' is the Area just adjacent to a ''City'' on all of its sides.. A ''Suburb'' would be part of this area. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suburban area' in WordNet: 1. suburb, suburbia, suburban area - (a residential district located on the outskirts of a city) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanResidenceArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CityArea ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outskirt ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Subway :guid "bda7a8a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "metro1n", "subway system1n", "subway1n", "underground2n" ; :wordnet "metro", "subway", "subway system", "underground" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Subway is a specialization of #$Railway. Each instance of #$Subway is an underground #$Railway under the surface of some city. Some parts of subways may be in trenches, on bridges or on elevated tracks, but most of a subway is in underground tunnels. There are some 'subways' where the trains have rubber wheels (to reduce noise), but those are included here and may have to be distinguished. COSMO: whether or not most of the subway is underground, to be called a 'subway' it has to have a significant part underground, and that is the characteristic feature of it. SUMO: A subway is a hollow area of the earth, typically under large cities, designed for running trains that move people. It is distinguished from other kinds of tunnels in that trains run through them, primarily for the purpose of carrying people rather than ore, for example. A subway car is an 'ElectricalDevice'. Not yet represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subway' in Wordnet: 1. (3) metro, tube, underground, subway system, subway - (an electric railway operating below the surface of the ground (usually in a city); 'in Paris the subway system is called the 'metro' and in London it is called the 'tube' or the 'underground'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Railway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :UndergroundLocation ] . :SubwayStation :guid "bdce1ea5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "station" ; :wnsense "station1n" ; :wordnet "station" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$SubwayStation is a specialization of #$FixedStructure and #$HumanOccupationConstruct. Each instance of #$SubwayStation is usually located at least partly underground, on subway tracks, and its primary purpose is to be a place where subway trains discharge and receive passengers. Part of sense 1 of 'station' in Wordnet: 1. (23) station - (a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose; 'he started looking for a gas station'; 'the train pulled into the station') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :HumanOccupationConstruct, :TransportFacility . :SubwayTrain :guid "761769ac-7f45-41d7-9260-8660b8014e3e" ; :wnsense "subway train1n" ; :wordnet "subway train" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all subway trains - trains designed to run on #$Subway tracks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'subway train' in WordNet: 1. subway train - (a train that runs in a subway system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PassengerTrain . :Succeeding :contrastsWith :Preceding ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SucceedingEvent, :Successor ; :wnsense "succeeding1adj" ; :wordnet "succeeding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Succeeding'' is an attribute characterizing elements of an OrderedGroup or series of Events that 'come after' a preceding element. For time series, this is to come later on the timeline; for Groups, abstract or physical, the order of elements depends on how the Group is created - usually, if the elements are numbered, the next higher number is the ''Succeeding'' element. For People who fill some position in an Organization and are replaced by another Person, the Person doing the replacing (the ''Successor'') is the 'succeeding' Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'succeeding' in Wordnet: 1. (3) succeeding - (coming after or following) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SucceedingAnAgent :wnsense "come after2v", "follow14v", "succeed2v" ; :wordnet "come after", "follow", "succeed" ; a :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SucceedingAnAgent'' is a ''Supplanting'' in which the Agent performing the the Action performs some HumanRole (such as a position in an Organization) that previously was performed by another Person. The Person performing the ''SucceedingAnAgent'' then can be referred to as a ''Successor'' (not necessarily the immediate ''Successor'') of the Person subsequently previously that Role. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'succeed' in WordNet: 2. (12) succeed, come after, follow - (be the successor (of); 'Carter followed Ford'; 'Will Charles succeed to the throne?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Supplanting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Successor ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredLaterThan ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :SucceedingEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SucceedingEvent'' is a ''ComingLater'' that is one of the Events in some ''ChronologicalSequence'' that is not the ''InitialEvent'' of that series. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComingLater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ChronologicalSequence ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredLaterThan ; owl:someValuesFrom :InitialEvent ] . :Success :en "accomplishment" ; :ldoce "success" ; :wnsense "success3n" ; :wordnet "success" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Success' is the PersistentState that occurs after an Agent performs a SuccesfulAction. This is the sense of 'success' in 'achieving success'. A state of 'Success can of minor personal importance, and need not entail recognition by many others, nor is it necessarily accompanied by financial prosperity. The subtype ''SocialSuccess'' includes social recognition. . The term 'success' is usually used for financial or social successes, but this type is the most general 'PersistentState', and the social success is represented by the subtype 'SocialSuccess'. the term 'accomplishment' is also used to refer to the state of something that was performed successfully, but that sense does not appear in WordNet. This seems closest to noun sense 3 of 'success' in WordNet: 3. (10) success - (a state of prosperity or fame; 'he is enjoying great success'; 'he does not consider wealth synonymous with success') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodCircumstances . :Successful :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :SuccessfulAction ; :ldoce "successful" ; :wnsense "successful1adj" ; :wordnet "successful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Successful' is an AttributeValue of a Person who performed a SuccessfulAction, or of theAction itself. This includes both success in single actions, and success in life - that latter more specific sense is represented as the subtype 'SociallySuccessful' Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'successful' in WordNet (see 'SuccessfullyAccomplished' for the other part): in WordNet: 1. (42) successful - (having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome; 'a successful architect'; 'a successful business venture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SuccessfulAction :en "achieving a goal" ; :enn "achieving a goal" ; :guid "c0b27773-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "succeed", "success" ; :wnsense "accomplish2v", "accomplishment1n", "achieve1v", "achievement1n", "arrival1n", "attain1v", "attainment1n", "reach5v", "reaching2n", "succeed1v", "success1n", "success2n" ; :wordnet "accomplish", "accomplishment", "achieve", "achievement", "arrival", "attain", "attainment", "reach", "reaching", "succeed", "success" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the notions of 'success', 'accomplishment', 'achievement' and 'attainment' appear to overlap, all involving the successful arrival at a state that was the goal of an action. In COSMO this ''SuccessfulAction'' is the whole Action which ends in the desired Goal. For the final phase of reaching the goal, use the subtype ''ReachingaGoal''. This can be a very minor achievement, so it sometimes but not always leads to a state of ''Success'' in recognition by others. We do not attempt to minutely disentangle these different words, and represent the notion of 'success' in three different types: (1) the whole action that achieves its goal - this type 'SuccessfulAction' and (2) the final phase of a ''SuccessfulAction'' that has more than one steps or phases - ''ReachingaGoal''; and (3) the state reached after having successfully achieved some goal - 'Success'. CYC: The collection of purposeful actions that are considered successful . Success is a context dependent notion, but for the purposes of this constant can be thought to be relativized to the performer of the action. So, a purposeful action is an instance of this collection just in case the performer considered it successful given the reasons for (or the goals of) performing the action. COSMO linguistic NOTE: the term 'achievement' and ''accomplishment' have been used in a technical sense by linguists: see for example p.101 in James D.McCawley, 'Adverbs, Vowels and Other Objects of Wonder' (University of Chicago Press, 1979). This type ''SuccessfulAction'' is similar to 'accomplishment' in McCawley, and the subtype ''ReachingaGoal'' is similar to MaCawley's 'achievement' Includes verb senses 1 of 'succeed',and sense 1 of 'success', and verb sense 1 of 'achieve' and part of sense 2 of 'accomplish' in WordNet: 1. (36) success - (an event that accomplishes its intended purpose; 'let's call heads a success and tails a failure'; 'the election was a remarkable success for Republicans') WN 'attainment': 1. (1) attainment - (the act of achieving an aim; 'the attainment of independence') WN verb 'succeed': 1. (28) succeed, win, come through, bring home the bacon, deliver the goods - (attain success or reach a desired goal; 'The enterprise succeeded'; 'We succeeded in getting tickets to the show'; 'she struggled to overcome her handicap and won') WN verb 'accomplish': 2. (13) achieve, accomplish, attain, reach - (to gain with effort; 'she achieved her goal despite setbacks') WN noun 'arrival': 1. (4) arrival, reaching - (accomplishment of an objective) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :PurposefulAction, :SuccessfulThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttemptingActivity ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Success ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SuccessfullyAccomplished ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReachingaGoal ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ] . :SuccessfulPerson :ldoce "success" ; :wnsense "achiever1n", "succeeder1n", "success4n", "winner3n" ; :wordnet "achiever", "succeeder", "success", "winner" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SuccessfulPerson' is a Person who has successfully achieved important goals and is in the state of 'SocialSuccess' i.e. has wealth, fame,or honors. Corresponds to part of noun sense 4 of 'success' in WordNet: 4. (3) achiever, winner, success, succeeder - (a person with a record of successes; 'his son would never be the achiever that his father was'; 'only winners need apply'; 'if you want to be a success you have to dress like a success') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, :SuccessfulThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SociallySuccessful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SuccessfulAction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :SuccessfulThing :ldoce "success" ; :wnsense "success2n" ; :wordnet "success" ; a :ThingWithAttribute, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SuccessfulThing' is anything - a ''Person'' (financial, artistic, or social successe), a 'musical group' or a ''CreativeWork'' (Book, Play, Movie, piece of music) that 'succeeded' in attracting an audience large enough to gratify the creators. This is a broad and vague but commonly used concept. NOTE: in WN a 'success' that covers this concept is represented as a subtype of 'accomplishment', which is an event. This concept is broader, including conceptual works such as ''Book''s, which are objects. So the meaning is very close, but the parent types are different. A social success is represented by the subtype 'SocialSuccess'. This seems closest to noun sense 2 of 'success' (ignoring that parent tpes) in WordNet: 2. (23) success - (an attainment that is successful; 'his success in the marathon was unexpected'; 'his new play was a great success') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Successful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Successfully :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Successful ; :wnsense "successfully1adv", "with success1adv" ; :wordnet "successfully", "with success" ; a :AdverbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Successfully'' is an adverb specifying that the 'attempting' Action modified accomplished its objective, asserting that it did accomplish the intended result. Some overlap with ''effectively''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'successfully' in WordNet: 1. (15) successfully, with success - (in a successful manner; 'she performed the surgery successfully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :SuccessfullyAccomplished :ldoce "successful" ; :wnsense "successful1adj" ; :wordnet "successful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SuccessfullyAccomplished' is an AttributeValue of an Action whose goals were accomplished. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'successful' in WordNet (see 'Successful' for the other part): in WordNet: 1. (42) successful - (having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome; 'a successful architect'; 'a successful business venture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Succession :wnsense "succession2n" ; :wordnet "succession" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Succession'' can be used to represent a 'succession' of people serving in some Role or functional capacity, as well as a Series of Objects or Events reaed by some element of continuity.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'succession' in WordNet: 2. (1) succession - (a group of people or things arranged or following in order; 'a succession of stalls offering soft drinks'; 'a succession of failures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Series . :Successor :wnsense "replacement6n", "successor1n" ; :wordnet "replacement", "successor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Successor'' is a Person who ''succeeds'' (in time) another Person (a''Predecessor'') in the Action of filling a HumanRole; i.e. the state of the ''Successor'' .filling a Role is related by property ''occurredLaterThan'' to the state of the ''Predecessor'' filling that Role. See the inverse correlated Role ''Predecessor''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'successor' in WordNet: 1. (4) successor, replacement - (a person who follows next in order; 'he was President Lincoln's successor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SucceedingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :SucculentPlant :guid "c0fe06c2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "succulent1n" ; :wordnet "succulent" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Succulent-Plant': The collection of all succulent #$Plants (of various #$BiologicalSpecies). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'succulent' in WordNet: 1. succulent - (a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant-NonWoody, :TerrestrialOrganism . :Succumbing :en "succumbing" ; :eng "succumbing" ; :wnsense "succumb2v", "yield9v" ; :wordnet "succumb", "yield" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Succumbing'' is a dying (''Death'') due to some Event - illness or being harmed. The difference between this and the parent ''Death'' is subtle - only that the cause of Death is specified. Dying due to some natural cause that is just an accompaniment of deterioration due to old age would be excluded as a cause. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'succumb' in WordNet: 2. succumb, yield - (be fatally overwhelmed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Death, :Reaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AilmentCondition :Killing ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Succus :wnsense "juice4n", "succus1n" ; :wordnet "juice", "succus" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Succus' is a term used for an ''InternalBodyFluid'' secreted by some part of the body. (the term 'juice' could be misleading for this type.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'succus' in WordNet: 1. juice, succus - (any of several liquids of the body; 'digestive juices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :InternalBodyFluid, :Juice . :SuckingOnAFoodMorsel :guid "c0fd66a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "suck" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action of consuming something through abrasion with the tongue while creating a suction with the parts of the mouth, like when someone consumes a piece of candy by sucking on it.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ingesting, :SuckingOnSomethingInMouth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :SuckingOnSomething :ldoce "suck" ; :wnsense "suck2v" ; :wordnet "suck" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SuckingOnSomething' is the act of creating a partial vacuum that causes a negative pressure (relative to the surrounding gas) on some object. The object may distend, or if liquid, may be drawn into a tube that transmits the negative pressure. The sucking can be done by mouth or by any device (such as an aspirator) that can create a partial vacuum. For the case of sucking by mouth, use the subtype 'SuckingOnSomethingInMouth'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'suck' in WordNet: 2. (2) suck - (draw something in by or as if by a vacuum; 'Mud was sucking at her feet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TouchingState ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :SuckingOnSomethingInMouth :guid "c0fd6694-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "suck" ; :wnsense "suck1v" ; :wordnet "suck" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. Each element of #$SuckingOnSomethingInMouth is an act in which an animal sucks something in its mouth. The object sucked may or may not be ingested. This might involve using suction created by the mouth to move something, including drinking with a straw, an infant's sucking milk from breast or bottle, a motorist (unwisely) siphoning gasoline. In other cases, such as an infant sucking on a pacifier, there is no (significant) translocation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'suck' in WordNet: 1. (4) suck - (draw into the mouth by creating a practical vacuum in the mouth; 'suck the poison from the place where the snake bit'; 'suck on a straw'; 'the baby sucked on the mother's breast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalIntakeEvent, :BodyMovementEvent, :SuckingOnSomething . :Sucrose :wnsense "saccharose1n", "sucrose1n" ; :wordnet "saccharose", "sucrose" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sucrose is the disaccharide produced by sugar cane and sugar beets, widely used as the sweetener in drinks and other foods, and in the granular form, as an ingredient in preparing food.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sucrose' in WordNet: 1. sucrose, saccharose - (a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disaccharide . :Sudan :hasISO3166_Digraph "SD" ; :wnsense "Sudan1n" ; :wordnet "Sudan" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sudan' in Wordnet: 1. Sudan, Republic of the Sudan, Soudan - (a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956) """ . :Sudden :isTheOppositeOf :Gradual ; :ldoce "sudden" ; :wnsense "abrupt2adj", "abrupt4adj", "sudden1adj" ; :wordnet "abrupt", "sudden" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Sudden' is an attribute of Events that occur very rapidly, often with no perceptible stages, often unexpectedly, and very soon after some reference time point. All physical Events take some interval of time, so it is not strictly true for any case that there are no intermediate states (see the definition of 'gradual'), so the term 'sudden' is used for Events that are perceived by people's native senses as near-instantaneous, or being much faster than typical for a particular type of Event (such as 'sudden' decisions or ''Whim''s) An Explosion is an example of an Event that is characterized as 'Sudden', even though a rapid-action camera could detect intermediate states. Something that starts rapidly but lasts for more than a few minutes can also be characterized as ''Sudden'' if the same sort of Event usually starts more slowly or lasts longer. In common use, something that is 'sudden' may only be more rapid than usual for a certain type of Event, and may take even a few days: 'a sudden drop in the unemployment rate'. So this is to some extent relative to the kind of thing that occurs, and to the usual rate of change. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'sudden' and sense 2 and 4 of 'abrupt' in WordNet: 1. (33) sudden - (happening without warning or in a short space of time; 'a sudden storm'; 'a sudden decision'; 'a sudden cure') WN adjective 'abrupt': 2. (2) abrupt - (exceedingly sudden and unexpected; 'came to an abrupt stop'; 'an abrupt change in the weather') 4. abrupt - (surprisingly and unceremoniously brusque in manner; 'an abrupt reply') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quick . :Suede :guid "be01e698-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "suede leather1n", "suede1n" ; :wordnet "suede", "suede leather" ; a :FabricType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suede' in WordNet: 1. suede, suede leather - (leather with a napped surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leather . :Suffering :en "suffering" ; :wnsense "suffer1v", "suffer2v", "suffer3v" ; :wordnet "suffer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Suffering' is a 'Perceiving' of something Unpleasant. The UnpleasantThing may be physical,as a sensation or injury, or mental, such as shame. This type can include trivial levels of suffering, the thing experienced just has to be more than merely 'unpleasant' to the person experiencing it. NOTE: these different synsets in WN may be logically distinguishable. @ToDo. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'suffer' in WordNet: 1. (17) suffer, endure - (undergo or be subjected to; 'He suffered the penalty'; 'Many saints suffered martyrdom') 2. (17) suffer, sustain, have, get - (undergo (as of injuries and illnesses); 'She suffered a fracture in the accident'; 'He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars'; 'She got a bruise on her leg'; 'He got his arm broken in the scuffle') 3. (12) suffer - (endure (emotional pain); 'Every time her husband gets drunk, she suffers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Perceiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnpleasantThing ] . :SufficiencyValue a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute value that expresses a degree of sufficiency from MuchTooLittle to TooMuch. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedAttributeValue . :Sufficing :wnsense "answer7v", "do7v", "serve12v", "suffice1v" ; :wordnet "answer", "do", "serve", "suffice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sufficing'' is a ''BeingQualified'' in which the requirement ('qualification') is to have some quantitative measure of the thing against which the thing compared reaches or exceeds that required measure. \" 'Tis enough; 'twill serve. \" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suffice' in WordNet: 1. (3) suffice, do, answer, serve - (be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity; 'A few words would answer'; 'This car suits my purpose well'; 'Will $100 do?'; 'A 'B' grade doesn't suffice to get me into medical school'; 'Nothing else will serve') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingQualified . :Suffix :wnsense "suffix1n" ; :wordnet "suffix" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A part of a word following a string which itself forms a full word, or is the root of a full word. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suffix' in Wordnet: 1. (2) suffix, postfix - (an affix that is added at the end of the word) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticObject, :WordString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Word ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPartOf ] . :Suffocation :wnsense "asphyxiation2n", "suffocation1n" ; :wordnet "asphyxiation", "suffocation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Suffocation'' is an Event of ''BeingKilled'' (not necessarily an intentional ''Killing'') in which a living thing dies of ''Asphyxiation'' by any means. This includes transitive and intransitive senses. NOTE that ''Asphyxiation'' is a subEvent, not a result. Intentional''Suffocation'' is the subtype ''Smothering'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suffocation' in WordNet: WN noun 'suffocation': 1. (1) suffocation, asphyxiation - (killing by depriving of oxygen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingKilled, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anoxia ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asphyxiation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Sugar :en "table sugar" ; :ldoce "sugar" ; :wnsense "refined sugar1n", "saccharose1n", "sucrose1n", "sugar1n" ; :wordnet "refined sugar", "saccharose", "sucrose", "sugar" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A synonym for the chemical term 'sucrose' in any physical form. For the general sense of 'sugar' use ''Sugar-Generic''. SUMO; A simple Carbohydrate that has a sweet taste and consists mostly or entirely of sucrose (represented in COSMO as a Synonym of 'sugar'); one of the subtypes of 'Sugar-Generic' that may be referred to as 'sugar' by non-chemists. This is the substance of which common refined table sugar consists, and is usually extracted from sugar cane or sugar beets. Sugars are a potential source of energy for organisms, therefore this type is a subtype of 'EnergySource'. Brown sugar is included, though it is less pure than white sugar. Molecules have the empirical formula C12H22O11. Common granular sugar used at the table is the subtype 'TableSugar'. NOTE that other forms of sugar, such as dextrose are not included in this type, but are also subtypes of 'Sugar-Generic'. In chemistry the term 'sugar' refers to a generic category of substances, but in COSMO the generic Type is called 'Sugar-Generic' and the common term 'sugar' is reserved for the substance that is most commonly called 'sugar', i.e. table sugar- considered as a substance and not as an Object. In Cyc the only type for Sucrose is called 'Sugar-Table', and specifically refers to the form that is ganular. In COSMO that type is a subtype of this present type, and is called 'TableSugar'. Noun sense 1 of 'sugar' in WordNet seems to refer to sucrose, though that is not explicit: in WordNet: 1. (41) sugar, refined sugar -(a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative) WN noun 'sucrose': 1. sucrose, saccharose - (a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment, :Disaccharide, :EnergySource, :Sugar-Generic, :SweetTastingSubstance, :Sweetener, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SugarcanePlant ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SugarBeet ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SugarCane ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Sugar-Generic :en "sugar" ; :guid "bd58c83c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance consisting of carbohydrates with no more than three rings. WN 'carbohydrate' is similar,represented as parent ''Carbohydrate'', but not restricted to oneor two rings.. Cyc: A piece of sugar, i.e., a piece of a substance made up of sugar molecules. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carbohydrate, :WaterSolubleStuff . :SugarBeet :wnsense "sugar beet1n", "sugar beet2n" ; :wordnet "sugar beet" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'sugar beet' in WordNet: 1. sugar beet - (form of the common beet having a sweet white root from which sugar is obtained) 2. sugar beet - (white-rooted beet grown as a source of sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeetPlant . :SugarCane :wnsense "sugar cane1n", "sugarcane1n" ; :wordnet "sugar cane", "sugarcane" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sugar cane' in WordNet: 1. sugarcane, sugar cane - (juicy canes whose sap is a source of molasses and commercial sugar; fresh canes are sometimes chewed for the juice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantCane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SugarcanePlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :SugarCube a :PhysicalObjectType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A physical object in the shape of a ''Cube'' containing grains of sucrose, large enough to pickup with a forceps or spoon (> 1 cm wide). Typically composed of compacted grains of sucrose, and used to sweeten beverages such as tea or coffee. Such cubes are not precisely,but only approximately cubic.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Block, :CrystallineObject, :MarbleSizedObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sugar ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cube ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cubic ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :SugarFree :en "sugar free" ; :enadj "sugar free" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Food, :FoodObject, :FoodType ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Glucose, :Sucrose, :Sugar-Generic ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SugarFree'' is an attribute of Foods and FoodObjects that do not contain any added sugar' (Sucrose or Dextrose or Fructose or CornSyrup). sugar free """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lacking . :SugarFreeEdibleStuff :doesNotContainSubstance :Glucose, :Sucrose ; :en "sugar free food" ; :guid "bfae27a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This is the attribute possessed by foods that contain no sugar (often merely no #$Sucrose or #$Glucose. These foods often contain a sugar substitute such as #$Aspartame or #$Saccharin. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SugarFree ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sucrose ; owl:onProperty :doesNotContainSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glucose ; owl:onProperty :doesNotContainSubstance ] . :SugarcanePlant :CYC "SugarcanePlant" ; :en "sugarcane plant" ; :enn "sugarcane plant" ; :guid "bd58f897-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Saccharum officinarum1n", "sugar cane2n", "sugarcane2n" ; :wordnet "Saccharum officinarum", "sugar cane", "sugarcane" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A plant that is the principle source of sucrose used as table sugar. The stalks may be used as a sweet object by chewing on them. CYC 'SugarcanePlant': Individual sugarcane plants; these are grown as crops for the sugar they contain.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sugar cane' in WordNet: 2. sugarcane, sugar cane, Saccharum officinarum - (tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :GrassFamily, :HerbPlant, :Plant-NonWoody, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sugar ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Suggested :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Suggesting ; :wnsense "suggested1adj" ; :wordnet "suggested" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Suggested'' is the attribute of something that is the *object (*patient) of a ''Suggesting'' action. NOTE the term ''Recommended'' is considered as a stronger (more intensive) subattribute of ''Suggested''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'suggested' in WordNet: 1. (4) recommended, suggested - (mentioned as worthy of acceptance; 'the recommended medicine'; 'the suggested course of study') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Suggesting :eng "proposing", "suggesting" ; :ldoce "suggest" ; :wnsense "propose1v", "propose2v", "propose4v", "suggest1v" ; :wordnet "propose", "suggest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Suggesting' is an 'Advising' (a subtype of Informing) in which one Agent asserts the possible appropriateness of one or more future actions. This differs from the subtype 'Recommending' in that no one possible course of action is asserted to be clearly preferable to the others. This also type does not require that the agent doing the proposing be part of the contemplated action; for situations where an agent suggests something that includes the agent's own participation, use the subtype 'Proposing'. This includes verb senses 1 of 'suggest' in WordNet: 1. (57) propose, suggest, advise - (make a proposal, declare a plan for something) WN 'propose' 1. (57) propose, suggest, advise - (make a proposal, declare a plan for something) 2. (21) project, propose - (present for consideration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Suggestion ] . :Suggestion :ldoce "suggestion" ; :wnsense "proffer1n", "proposition2n", "suggestion1n", "suggestion2n" ; :wordnet "proffer", "proposition", "suggestion" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Suggestion' is a LinguisticAssertion created by an act of Suggesting. Includes noun senses 1 of 'suggestion' in WordNet: 1. (13) suggestion - (an idea that is suggested; 'the picnic was her suggestion') 2. (9) suggestion, proposition, proffer - (a proposal offered for acceptance or rejection; 'it was a suggestion we couldn't refuse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Advice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recommended ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Suggestive :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Suggesting ; :wnsense "implicative1adj", "suggestive1adj" ; :wordnet "implicative", "suggestive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Suggestive'' is the attribute of something of any kind that can imply or sugggest some fact or possibility. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'suggestive' in Wordnet: 1. (1) implicative, suggestive - (tending to suggest or imply; 'artifacts suggestive of an ancient society'; 'an implicative statement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Suicidal :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :Person ; :wnsense "self-destructive1adj", "suicidal1adj" ; :wordnet "self-destructive", "suicidal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Suicidal'' includes literal and figurative senses, both for poeople who are inclined to commit ''Suicide'', and of Actions that are liable to cause great danger to oneself or one's goals. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'suicidal' in Wordnet: 1. self-destructive, suicidal - (dangerous to yourself or your interests; 'suicidal impulses'; 'a suicidal corporate takeover strategy'; 'a kamikaze pilot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dangerous . :Suicide :guid "c10aec61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "suicide1n" ; :wordnet "suicide" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HumanActivity, #$KillingByOrganism, #$SingleDoerAction, and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Suicide is an event in which a person intentionally causes its own death. SUMO: Any instance of Killing where the agent and the patient are identical. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suicide' in Wordnet: 1. (3) suicide, self-destruction, self-annihilation - (the act of killing yourself; 'it is a crime to commit suicide') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Killing, :PurposefulAction, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Self ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ] . :SuitOfClothing :ldoce "suit" ; :wnsense "suit2n" ; :wordnet "suit" ; a :ClothingType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A set of garments - usually two or three - covering both top and bottom part of the body, and usually of the same fabric and color. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'suit' in WordNet: 2. (209) suit, suit of clothes - (a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color; 'they buried him in his best suit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingOutfit . :Suitable :en "a propos" ; :wnsense "appropriate1adj", "appropriate2adj", "appropriate3adj", "appropriate4adj", "appropriate5adj", "apropos1adj", "fit1adj", "fitting1adj", "fitting2adj", "suitable1adj", "suitable2adj", "suitable3adj" ; :wordnet "appropriate", "apropos", "fit", "fitting", "suitable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue applied to objects, actions, and sometimes to people, that expresses the notion that the thing so characterized will serve for the purpose that is explicitly or implicitly referenced. This is an EvaluativeAttribute and therefore is meaningful only relative to some Agent doing the evaluation, and some purpose for which the evaluation is done. A person can be 'suitable' or 'appropriate' for a task when that person knows how to perform the task. See also ''Fitting'' (persistent state) for size or shape suitability. For **quantities** of things that are sufficient to serve a purpose, use 'Enough', In COSMO this is a general attribute, encompassing several senses of 'suitable and 'appropriate' and 'proper' in WordNet. Some subsenses can be logicall distinguished, such as suitable tools and suitable people, but this type represents the most general, all-encompassing senses. Sense 3 of 'suitable' (deemed worthy as a spouse) needs a special subtype. As of v0.49 of COSMO, this general concept has not been differentiated into subtypes, and the terms 'appropriate' is represented as a synonym. WordNet 'appropriate': in WordNet: 1. (29) appropriate - (suitable for a particular person or place or condition etc; 'a book not appropriate for children'; 'a funeral conducted the appropriate solemnity'; 'it seems that an apology is appropriate') 2. (4) advantageous, appropriate - (appropriate for achieving a particular end; implies a lack of concern for fairness) 3. (1) appropriate, suitable, suited - (meant or adapted for an occasion or use; 'a tractor suitable (or fit) for heavy duty'; 'not an appropriate (or fit) time for flippancy') 5. apposite, appropriate, apt, pertinent - (being of striking appropriateness and pertinence; 'the successful copywriter is a master of apposite and evocative verbal images'; 'an apt reply') WN WordNet senses of 'suitable' 1. (3) appropriate, suitable, suited - (meant or adapted for an occasion or use; 'a tractor suitable (or fit) for heavy duty'; 'not an appropriate (or fit) time for flippancy') 2. (1) proper, right, suitable, suited - (appropriate for a condition or purpose or occasion or a person's character, needs; 'everything in its proper place'; 'the right man for the job'; 'she is not suitable for the position'; 'he is not a suitable husband for her') 3. desirable, suitable, worthy - (worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse; 'the parents found the girl suitable for their son') WN 'fit' 1. (4) fit - (meeting adequate standards for a purpose; 'a fit subject for discussion'; 'it is fit and proper that you be there'; 'water fit to drink'; 'fit for duty'; 'do as you see fit to') WN adj 'fitting'': 1. (5) fitting - (in harmony with the spirit of particular persons or occasion; 'We have come to dedicate a portion of that field...It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this') 2. (2) fitting, meet - (being precisely fitting and right; 'it is only meet that she should be seated first') WN adj 'apropos': 1. apropos - (of an appropriate or pertinent nature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acceptable, :Good . :Suitableness :takesValue :Suitable ; :wnsense "suitability1n", "suitableness1n" ; :wordnet "suitability", "suitableness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Suitableness'' is a Trait that takes qualitative attributes as values, in particular 'Suitable' or 'Unsuitable'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suitableness' in WordNet: 1. suitability, suitableness - (the quality of having the properties that are right for a specific purpose; 'an important requirement is suitability for long trips') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :Suitcase :guid "bd588767-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bag6n", "grip3n", "suitcase1n", "traveling bag1n" ; :wordnet "bag", "grip", "suitcase", "traveling bag" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC 'SuitCase': Rectangular piece of luggage with handle that is used when you are on a trip. This type is 'Classically Rectangular' - bags with other shapes could be represented by a similar sister type without the shape restriction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suitcase' in WordNet: 1. (11) bag, traveling bag, grip, suitcase - (a portable rectangular container for carrying clothes; 'he carried his small bag onto the plane with him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Box, :PieceOfLuggage, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RectangularParallelepiped ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Sulfur :hasChemicalSymbol "S", "S"^^xsd:string ; :hasProtonCount "16"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :isaComponentElementOf :Protein ; :wnsense "S1n", "sulfur1n", "sulphur1n" ; :wordnet "S", "sulfur", "sulphur" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An essential component of proteins, each atom has 16 protons in the nucleus. The powdered form is usually yellow in color. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sulfur' in Wordnet: 1. (6) sulfur, S, sulphur, atomic number 16 - (an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement . :Sum :ldoce "sum", "total" ; :wnsense "aggregate2n", "sum2n", "sum5n", "total1n", "total2n", "totality3n" ; :wordnet "aggregate", "sum", "total", "totality" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Sum' is a Number that can be the result of a DoingAddition Action. This is a Role that a Number can play. @ToDo: @*db973 NOTE, however, that a 'Role' is a 'TemporalThing', and should be used only when a number is viewed as a result of some multiplication Event. A number, however, may be a product (non-prime) regardless of whether anyone has ever generated it by multiplication. For this case, we have created a special class of 'AtemporalRole' for 'Sum' and 'MultiplicationProduct' (below). A Sum *may* also plays a temporal Role only as long as it is considered as the result of an addition. If the number is then taken and used in some other operation, that Role ceases. How to express this is not yet (r973) determined. NOTE: A 'Sum' is a number derived by adding two or more other numbers; the numbers added may include negative numbers, so it is possible for a Sum to be a result of a subtraction. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 5 of 'sum' and sense 2 of 'total' and sense 2 of 'aggregate' in WordNet: 2. (9) sum, amount, total - (a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers) WN noun 'aggregate': 2. (1) sum, total, totality, aggregate - (the whole amount) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AtemporalRole, :Number, :WholeThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :DoingAddition ] . :Summarizing :wnsense "resume4v", "sum up1v", "summarise1v", "summarize1v" ; :wordnet "resume", "sum up", "summarise", "summarize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Summarizing'' is a ''Restating'' Action which produces a .''Summary''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'summarize' in WordNet: 1. (10) sum up, summarize, summarise, resume - (give a summary (of); 'he summed up his results'; 'I will now summarize') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Summary ] . :Summary :wnsense "summary1n" ; :wordnet "summary" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Summary' is an assertion (which can be a Group of Propositions) that contains the most important parts of a larger Assertion, but is smaller by at least a factor of two.. This is the set of propositions that contains the Meaning of a SummaryText, which is a LinguisticAssertion Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'summary' in WordNet: 1. (5) summary, sum-up - (a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form; 'he gave a summary of the conclusions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, :Meaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isanAbstractRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SummaryText ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Summarizing ] . :SummaryText :wnsense "abstract2n", "outline2n", "precis1n", "summary1n", "synopsis1n" ; :wordnet "abstract", "outline", "precis", "summary", "synopsis" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SummaryText' is an AbstractText whose meaning is a 'Summary' that contains the most important points of a larger AbstractText, but is smaller by at least a factor of two.. Corresponds noun sense 1 of 'synopsis' and to part of sense 1 of 'summary' in WordNet: 1. outline, synopsis, abstract, precis - (a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory) WN noun 'summary': 1. (5) summary, sum-up - (a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form; 'he gave a summary of the conclusions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sketchy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SummerHouse :wnsense "summer house1n" ; :wordnet "summer house" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ResidentialBuilding that is used mostly during the summer Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'summer house' in WordNet: 1. summer house - (a country house (usually located in the country) that provides a cool place to live in the summer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :House . :SummerSeason :en "summer time" ; :guid "bd588ac7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "summer1n", "summertime1n" ; :wordnet "summer", "summertime" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SeasonOfYear. Each instance of #$SummerSeason is the time of greatest warmth during a temperate climate cycle (see #$TemperateClimateCycle). Instances of #$SummerSeason are characterized solely by climatic conditions; consequently, #$SummerSeason is _not_ a specialization of #$CalendarSeason. For the collection of summers defined by dates on a calendar, see #$CalendarSummer. SUMO: The SeasonOfYear that begins at the summer solstice and ends at the autumnal equinox. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'summer' in WordNet: 1. (60) summer, summertime - - (the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox; 'they spent a lazy summer at the shore') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WarmSeason ; owl:disjointWith :FallSeason, :SpringSeason, :WinterSeason . :Summit :wnsense "crest2n", "crown8n", "peak4n", "summit2n", "tip5n", "top3n" ; :wordnet "crest", "crown", "peak", "summit", "tip", "top" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''Summit'' is the ''Vertex'' of a ''Mountain'' - the highest part. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'summit' in WordNet: 2. peak, crown, crest, top, tip, summit - (the top point of a mountain or hill; 'the view from the peak was magnificent'; 'they clambered to the summit of Monadnock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vertex, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Mountain ] . :Summoning :wnsense "cite7v", "summon1v", "summon2v", "summons1v" ; :wordnet "cite", "summon", "summons" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Summoning'' is a ''AssigningaResponsibility'' that may but does not have to have punishment for failure to comply. More specific types ('subpoena') can be added when needed. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'summon' in WordNet: 1. (8) summon, summons, cite - (call in an official matter, such as to attend court) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssigningaResponsibility, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :SummoningSomeone :wnsense "summon1v" ; :wordnet "summon" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: ''SummoningSomeone'' is a sub-synset of ''SendingForSomeone'' . in WordNet; but it appears form the glosses that 'summon' is just a request, while 'send for' is more like an order. So the subtype relation is inverted here relative to WordNet. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'summon' in WordNet: 2. (2) summon - (ask to come; 'summon a lawyer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Requesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingPresent ; owl:onProperty :hasThingRequested ] . :Sumptuous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Feast ; :wnsense "lavish2adj", "opulent1adj", "sumptuous1adj" ; :wordnet "lavish", "opulent", "sumptuous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sumptuous'' is an AttributeValue of ''Meal''s where the quantity and quality of food and beverages is significantly higher than that at routtine daily ''Dining'' (i.e. the attribute of a ''Feast''. . This occurs on special occasions. This is a subproperty of ''Luxurious'' and the terms 'lavish' and 'opuent' inckuded in the parent attribute WN synset for ''Luxurious'' are included as labels here. Corresponds to *part* adjective sense 1 of 'sumptuous' (restricted to the characteristcs of a ''Feast'') in Wordnet: 1. (2) deluxe, gilded, grand, luxurious, opulent, princely, sumptuous - (rich and superior in quality; 'a princely sum'; 'gilded dining rooms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Luxurious . :Sun :ldoce "sun" ; :wnsense "sun4n" ; :wordnet "sun" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A star that has planets revolving around it. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'sun' in WordNet: 4. (1) sun - (any star around which a planetary system evolves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Star . :SunBathing :en "sunbathing", "take the sun" ; :wnsense "sun1v", "sunbathe1v" ; :wordnet "sun", "sunbathe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SunBathing'' is a ''HumanRelaxingEvent'' Action in which a Human relaxes while (usually) lying outside in the sunshine, exposing some skin surface to ''SunLight-Direct''. This is not necessarily for the purpose of getting a tan. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sunbathe' in WordNet: 1. sun, sunbathe - (expose one's body to the sun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRelaxingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outdoors ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SunLight-Direct ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :SunBeam :wnsense "sunbeam1n", "sunray1n" ; :wordnet "sunbeam", "sunray" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SunBeam'' is a ''LightBeam'' coming from and produced by the Sun; a ray of sunlight, especially a beam of light with defined edges coming in a window. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunbeam' in WordNet: 1. sunbeam, sunray - (a ray of sunlight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LightBeam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sol ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :SunDried :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DryingInTheSun ; :wnsense "sun-dried1adj", "sundried1adj" ; :wordnet "sun-dried", "sundried" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SunDried'' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that have been exposed to the Sun long enogh to become 'dry' (relatively). This can be an intentional or a natural event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sundried' in Wordnet: 1. sun-dried, sundried - (dried naturally by the sun; 'sun-dried apricots') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :SunGlasses :guid "bd58e88e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dark glasses1n", "shades1n", "sunglasses1n" ; :wordnet "dark glasses", "shades", "sunglasses" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all sunglasses. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunglasses' in WordNet: 1. sunglasses, dark glasses, shades - (spectacles that are darkened or polarized to protect the eyes from the glare of the sun; 'he was wearing a pair of mirrored shades') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eyeglasses, :SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReducingPerceivedGlare ; owl:onProperty :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent ] . :SunLight :guid "bd58956a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sunlight1n", "sunshine1n" ; :wordnet "sunlight", "sunshine" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any instance of RadiatingLight where the Earth's sun ''Sol'' is the origin. This may be somewhat scattered, as by frosted glass; for the direct light use ''SunLight-Direct''. COSMO Note: not all components of Sunlight are visible, therefore it is not a subclass of 'VisibleLight'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunlight' in Wordnet: 1. (9) sunlight, sunshine, sun - (the rays of the sun; 'the shingles were weathered by the sun and wind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnergySource, :Light, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sol ; owl:onProperty :hasSource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisibleLight ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :SunLight-Direct :guid "bd58a0f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Can give you a sunburn. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SunLight . :SunParlor :wnsense "solarium1n", "sun lounge1n", "sun parlor1n", "sun parlour1n", "sun porch1n", "sunporch1n", "sunroom1n" ; :wordnet "solarium", "sun lounge", "sun parlor", "sun parlour", "sun porch", "sunporch", "sunroom" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sun parlor' in WordNet: 1. sun parlor, sun parlour, sun porch, sunporch, sunroom, sun lounge, solarium - (a room enclosed largely with glass and affording exposure to the sun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unshaded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LargeWindow ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Sunbather :guid "3e9c6832-30d5-41d8-8cf2-fc3e8301c837" ; :wnsense "sunbather1n" ; :wordnet "sunbather" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sunbather'' is a Person who performs ''Sunbathing''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunbather' in WordNet: 1. sunbather - (someone who basks in the sunshine in order to get a suntan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sunbathing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Sunbathing :wnsense "sunbathe1v" ; :wordnet "sunbathe" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sunbathing'' is the Action of lying in sunlight so that a large part of one's body will get direct sunlight, usually to get a ''Suntan''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sunbathe' in WordNet: 1. sun, sunbathe - (expose one's body to the sun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposingToTheSun, :LyingProstrate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sunburn ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suntan ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TanningSkin ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Sunburn :guid "c0fd5775-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "burn2n", "erythema solare1n", "sunburn1n", "sunburn2n" ; :wordnet "burn", "erythema solare", "sunburn" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this Condition is an Event, with a starting and ending time. NOTE that in WN a 'suntan' and 'sunburn' are in the same synset. In COSMO, that synset is divided under the assumption that a Person can 'tan' without getting a suburn, and a sunburn may cause peeling of a skin without tanning. Cyc: Too much ultra-violet radiation causes skin to burn. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sunburn' and part ('burn') of 'suntan' in WordNet: 2. sunburn, erythema solare - (redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun) WN noun ''suntan': 1. tan, suntan, sunburn, burn - (a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to the rays of the sun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InjuryCondition, :PhysiologicalCondition . :Sunday :guid "bd58d637-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Sunday1n" ; :wordnet "Sunday" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Sundays. CYC: A collection of #$CalendarDays and an instance of #$DayOfWeekType. #$Sunday is the collection of all (and only) sundays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sunday' in Wordnet: 1. (33) Sunday, Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun - (first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day . :SundaySchool :wnsense "Sabbath school1n", "Sunday school1n" ; :wordnet "Sabbath school", "Sunday school" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sunday School' in WordNet: 1. (1) Sunday school, Sabbath school - (school meeting on Sundays for religious instruction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :School . :Sunflower :wnsense "sunflower1n" ; :wordnet "sunflower" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The plant, not just the flowerpart. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunflower' in WordNet: 1. sunflower, helianthus - (any plant of the genus Helianthus having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :SunkenObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SunkenObject'' is an Object at the bottom of some ''BodyOfWater'' resting on the bottom. Usually this is at the bottom of an Ocean. A ''SunkenObject'' does not have to ever have been elsewhere - it doesn't have to be a vessel that sank. The term is only used to indicate the location - at the bottom of the water somewhere. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject . :Sunlit :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SunLight-Direct ; :isTheOppositeOf :Shaded ; :wnsense "sunlit1n", "sunstruck1adj" ; :wordnet "sunlit", "sunstruck" ; a :AppearanceType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sunlit'' is an attribute of objects and places that are being directly exposed to the sun's rays, and as a consequence are are radiating visible light at an intensity that is makes them easily visible. The state of being lighted by the sun is related but is not yet represented.. This type differs from ''Sunny'.in that''Sunny'' characterizes the weather, while this characterizes Objects and Places. NOTE that the corresponding state would be 'caused' by ''SunLight-Direct'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sunlit' in WordNet: 1. sunlit, sunstruck - (lighted by sunlight; 'the sunlit slopes of the canyon'; 'violet valleys and the sunstruck ridges'- Wallace Stegner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bright, :PastParticiple, :Unshaded, :WellLighted . :Sunny :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :SunLight ; :wnsense "bright10adj", "shining3adj", "shiny4adj", "sunny1adj", "sunshiny1adj" ; :wordnet "bright", "shining", "shiny", "sunny", "sunshiny" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having significant sunshine, less than half of the time obscured by clouds . See ''Sunlit'' for the use of 'sunny' to describe locations as in 'a sunny spot on the lawn'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sunny' in WordNet: 1. (2) bright, shining, shiny, sunshiny, sunny - (abounding with sunlight; 'a bright sunny day'; 'one shining morning'- John Muir; 'when it is warm and shiny') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeatherAttributeValue . :Sunrise :wnsense "break of day1n", "dawn1n", "daybreak1n", "morning3n", "sunrise1n", "sunup1n" ; :wordnet "break of day", "dawn", "daybreak", "morning", "sunrise", "sunup" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The TimeInterval of each Day when the sun is rising and is partially overlapped by the horizon line. his is a TimeInterval, not the ''Event''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunrise' in Wordnet: 1. dawn, dawning, morning, aurora, first light, daybreak, break of day, break of the day, dayspring, sunrise, sunup, cockcrow - (the first light of day; 'we got up before dawn'; 'they talked until morning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, :TimeOfDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Morning ] . :Sunrise20500101 :hasProbability :Likely, :Probable ; :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType :Sunrise ; a :Event ; rdfs:comment """The Event of the sun rising (somewhere on Earth) on Jan 1, 2050 - an example of a future Event that is Likely, i.e. has a probability value of 'Likely' (05. to 1.0). It is in the future from the perspective of year 2008. 'As sure as the sun will rise.' """ . :Sunscreen :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction :PreventingSunburn ; :wnsense "sun blocker1n", "sunblock1n", "sunscreen1n" ; :wordnet "sun blocker", "sunblock", "sunscreen" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sunscreen'' is an ''Ointment'' that blocks UV rays from the sun and helps prevent sunburn. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunscreen' in WordNet: 1. sunscreen, sunblock, sun blocker - (a cream spread on the skin; contains a chemical (as PABA) to filter out ultraviolet light and so protect from sunburn) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ointment . :Sunset :wnsense "sundown1n", "sunset1n" ; :wordnet "sundown", "sunset" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The TimeInterval of each Day when the sun is setting and is partially overlapped by the horizon line. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunset' in Wordnet: 1. sunset, sundown - (the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, :TimeOfDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Evening ] . :SunsetAndNightTime :hasFirstElement :Sunset ; :hasSecondElement :NightTime ; a :Group, :OrderedPair . :Sunshade :guid "bd58ac25-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "awning1n", "sunblind1n", "sunshade1n" ; :wordnet "awning", "sunblind", "sunshade" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'sunshades': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sunshade' in WordNet: 1. (2) awning, sunshade, sunblind - (a canopy made of canvas to shelter people or things from rain or sun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canopy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fabric ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReducingBrightness ; owl:onProperty :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent ] . :Suntan :wnsense "suntan1n", "tan1n" ; :wordnet "suntan", "tan" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Suntan'' is for a degree of pigmentation that does not cause a 'burn' and peeling skin. NOTE: 'sunburn' is a separate entry - see ''Sunburn'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suntan' in WordNet: 1. tan, suntan, sunburn, burn - (a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to the rays of the sun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hyperpigmentation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TanningSkin ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Superb :isMoreIntenseThan :Excellent ; :wnsense "brilliant1adj", "superb1adj" ; :wordnet "brilliant", "superb" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A even higher degree of Goodness than 'Excellent'; extremely good. Close to ''Outstanding'' in meaning - difference unclear. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'superb' in Wordnet: 1. (6) brilliant, superb - (of surpassing excellence; 'a brilliant performance'; 'a superb actor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue . :Superconductivity :wnsense "superconductivity1n" ; :wordnet "superconductivity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superconductivity' in WordNet: 1. superconductivity - (the disappearance of electrical resistance at very low temperatures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalConduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlashOfLight ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Superconductor :en "superconductor" ; :guid "bdbdc54a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NO WN entry for 'superconductor'. THe RHW entry 'superconductivity' includes that word as derived: the phenomenon of almost perfect conductivity shown by certain substances at temperatures approaching absolute zero. The recent discovery of materials that are superconductive at temperatures hundreds of degrees above absolute zero raises the possibility of revolutionary developments in the production and transmission of electrical energy. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalConductor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Superconductivity ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Superficial :wnsense "external1adj", "superficial1adj", "superficial2adj", "superficial4adj", "surface1adj", "surface2adj" ; :wordnet "external", "superficial", "surface" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Located on the surface of some object, e.g. an ExternalOrgan. This is specific for parts of objects or objects attached to other objects in an external position. or for Events that occur on the durface of some Object. Every Object ?O that has the attribute value 'Superficial' will be related to some Object and its surface by the relations: {?O isLocatedAt ?S} where ?S is the surface of some Object. An Event ?E that is 'Superficial' will be related to an object by the relations: {?E occurredAt ?S} where ?S is the surface of some Object. This attribute is for Objects, and metaphorical uses of 'superficial' (as in personalities) need to be disambiguated by a language interpreter from this sense. This sense includes senses adjective 2 and 4 and part of sense 1 of 'superficial', sense 1 and 2 of adjective 'surface', and corresponds to part of sense 1 of 'external' in WordNet. NOTE that most of the examples of sense 1 are metaphorical, but the gloss includes the physical sense: in WordNet: WN 'external' 1. (10) external - (happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; 'the external auditory canal'; 'external pressures') WN 'superficial' 1. (4) superficial - (being or affecting or concerned with a surface; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually; 'superficial similarities'; 'a superficial mind'; 'his thinking was superficial and fuzzy'; 'superficial knowledge'; 'the superficial report didn't give the true picture'; 'only superficial differences') 2. superficial - (relating to a surface; 'superficial measurements'; 'the superficial area of the wall') 4. skin-deep, superficial, surface - (involving a surface only; 'her beauty is only skin-deep'; 'superficial bruising'; 'a surface wound') WN 'surface': 1. (2) surface - (on the surface; 'surface materials of the moon') 2. (2) skin-deep, superficial, surface - (involving a surface only; 'her beauty is only skin-deep'; 'superficial bruising'; 'a surface wound') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :External . :Superhero :en "superhero" ; :enn "superhero" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Superhero'' is a fictional ''HumanMutant'' with with extraordinary, typically superhuman powers that permits her/him to perform actions that normal humans cannot, and who usually uses those powers to perform good deeds for people. These are often derived from some ComicBook series. This sense of for Human 'superheros' - non-humans such as 'MightyMouse' would need a separate type. no WN sense. RHW 'superhero': a hero, esp. in children's comic books and television cartoons, possessing extraordinary, often magical powers. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalHero, :FictionalIntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanMutant ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericHero ; owl:onProperty :isaFictionalPortrayalOf ] . :Superhighway :wnsense "expressway1n", "freeway1n", "pike1n", "state highway1n", "superhighway1n", "throughway1n", "thruway1n" ; :wordnet "expressway", "freeway", "pike", "state highway", "superhighway", "throughway", "thruway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Superhighway'' is a ''Highway'' designed for high-speed traffic, usually including 'limited access' - relatively small numbers of entrances and exits, few or no cross-streets, and few or no traffic lights. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superhighway' in WordNet: 1. (1) expressway, freeway, motorway, pike, state highway, superhighway, throughway, thruway - (a broad highway designed for high-speed traffic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Highway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighSpeedTraffic ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :HighSpeedTraffic ] . :Superior :isMoreIntenseThan :Good ; :wnsense "superior1adj" ; :wordnet "superior" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute value that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated is more than a little above average, in some quality, usually an ability to perform (of people) or to withstand wear or to achieve some purpose (of materials) or to serve as an instrument. 'Intensity' rankings here are on a 'goodness' scale, with the top 'Good' and the bottom 'Bad' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superior' in WordNet: 1. (16) superior - (of high or superior quality or performance; 'superior wisdom derived from experience'; 'superior math students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue . :SuperiorSkill :wnsense "superior skill1n" ; :wordnet "superior skill" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SuperiorSkill'' may be innate; for ''SuperiorSkill'' acquired by study or practice. use subtype ''Prowess'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superior skill' in WordNet: 1. superior skill - (more than ordinary ability) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skill ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntenseThan ] . :SuperiorStatus :en "superior status" ; :wnsense "high status1n" ; :wordnet "high status" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SuperiorStatus'' ''Superiority'' is a ''Status'' (a ''SocialState'') in which some Agent or Group of Agents is viewed more favorably than most others in the same group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high status' in WordNet: 1. high status - (a position of superior status) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Status, :Superiority . :Superiority :wnsense "high quality1n", "superiority1n" ; :wordnet "high quality", "superiority" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Superiority'' is the PersistentState of being ''Superior''. in some respect. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superiority' in WordNet: 1. (3) superiority, high quality - (the quality of being superior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Superior ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Superior ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Superlative :en "much better than average" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Good ; :wnsense "A-one1adj", "ace1adj", "crack1adj", "fantastic5adj", "first-rate1adj", "sterling1adj", "super1adj", "superlative1adj", "tiptop1adj", "topnotch1adj" ; :wordnet "A-one", "ace", "crack", "fantastic", "first-rate", "sterling", "super", "superlative", "tiptop", "topnotch" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Superlative' is an AttributeValue that expresses the opinion that the thing characterized is much better than the average for its category. Some of the synonms appear to refer mostly to human performance: ace, crack, topnotch . . . these might be broken out into a subtype. This attribute leaves some room for being better. To specify the utmost best, use ''TheBest''. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'extreme' and sense 1 of 'utmost' and adjective sense 1 of 'super' in WordNet: 1. (1) greatest, sterling, superlative - (highest in quality) WN adjective 'super': 1. (3) ace, A-one, crack, fantastic, first-rate, super, tiptop, topnotch, tops - (of the highest quality; 'an ace reporter'; 'a crack shot'; 'a first-rate golfer'; 'a super party'; 'played top-notch tennis'; 'an athlete in tiptop condition'; 'she is absolutely tops') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue, :IntensiveAttributeValue . :SuperlativeAdjective :wnsense "superlative3n" ; :wordnet "superlative" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Superlative form of an Adjective. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'superlative' in WordNet: 3. superlative - (the superlative form of an adjective; ' 'best' is the superlative form of 'good' ') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjective . :Superman :en "Superman" ; :enn "Superman" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Superman'' (in comics or movies) is a ''Superhero'' (a 'FictionalHero') derived from the comic-book character 'Superman' born on the fictional planet 'Krypton', and having exraordinary strength and other superhuman powers. \" Its a bird - It's a plane - it's Superman!! \" """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComicBookCharacter, :Superhero . :Supermarket :sells :Food ; :wnsense "supermarket1n" ; :wordnet "supermarket" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Supermarket'' is a large ''GroceryStore'' that may sell many other products than ''Food''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supermarket' in WordNet: 1. (1) supermarket - (a large self-service grocery store selling groceries and dairy products and household goods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroceryStore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HouseholdItems ; owl:onProperty :sells ] . :Supernatural :isAnAttributeValueOf :SupernaturalBeing, :SupernaturalPhenomenon ; :wnsense "metaphysical1adj", "supernatural1adj" ; :wordnet "metaphysical", "supernatural" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Supernatural'' covers all things, such as phenomena, that are discussed or postulated and violate in some way the known laws of Physics. Such things are not necessarily spiritual or religious, just non-physical and not subject to experimental verification or disproof. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'supernatural' in Wordnet: 1. (3) supernatural - (not existing in nature or subject to explanation according to natural laws; not physical or material; 'supernatural forces and occurrences and beings') WN adj 'metaphysical': 2. (1) metaphysical - (without material form or substance; 'metaphysical forces') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SupernaturalBeing :en "supernatural being" ; :enn "supernatural being" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SupernaturalBeing' is an IntelligentAgent that has the capacity to perform actions that violate the laws of physics, i.e. who can do magical things. Such a being may or may not have the form of a physical object, but usually has some means of interacting with our real world (otherwise would not have any effect on people, and would be unknown, unknowable, and irrelevant). From Cyc: The collection of all supernatural beings, including gods, angels, devils, demons, ghosts, spirits, banshees, fairies, elves, and woodland sprites (e.g. the mischievous Puck). Instances of #$SupernaturalBeing might be immortal or mortal, good or evil, intangible or partially tangible. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agent-NonArtifact, :IntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supernatural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SupernaturalPhenomenon :en "supernatural phenomenon" ; :enn "supernatural phenomenon" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SupernaturalPhenomenon'' is a ''Phenomenon'' that directly violates some ''LawOfNature''. This definition has a certain vagueness to it, since occasionally newly observed phenomena will seem to contradict known principles of physics, but in those cases the violations are of phenomena that are difficult to observe and depend on calculations and assumptions, and the new observations merely represent natural phenomena not previously observed, explainable by modifications of existing theories. This type is intended to represent Phenomena that directly violate well-established easily observable ''LawOfNature''s. Examples would be something that clearly violated the conservation of matter - materializing something from nothing or making a physical object become nonexistent (not just move to a different place)- or conjuring a 'spirit' that is non-material but visible and able to affect physical objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supernatural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Supernova :guid "bebaf2dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "supernova1n" ; :wordnet "supernova" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Star that has become a supernova - applies only during the supernova phase, while it is still very luminous at some wavelength.. In CYC this is the Event of a star exploding: This is the collection of supernovae. A supernova is the explosion created when stars of a certain mass collapse. They could be considered to be either objects or events. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'supernova' in WordNet: 1. supernova - (a star that explodes and becomes extremely luminous in the process) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Star . :SupernovaEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which a Star becomes a Supernova. This is the Event; the star which has become a supernova is represented by 'Supernova' in COSMO. Sense 1 in RHW: the explosion of a star, possibly caused by gravitational collapse, during which the star's luminosity increases by as much as 20 magnitudes and most of the star's mass is blown away at very high velocity, sometimes leaving behind an extremely dense core.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AstronomicalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Star ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Star ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Supernova ] . :Superpower :guid "bda27b8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "great power1n", "major power1n", "power4n", "superpower1n", "world power1n" ; :wordnet "great power", "major power", "power", "superpower", "world power" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of the world's most dominant countries. Each instance of #$Superpower is very powerful both politically and militarily around the world. Throughout history countries have tended to align themselves with a superpower. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superpower' in WordNet: 1. world power, major power, great power, power, superpower - (a state powerful enough to influence events throughout the world) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Country, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Powerful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighlyInfluential ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Superseded :en "replaced", "superseded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Superseded' is an AttributeValue attached to things (objects or astions) that have been superseded in most common use by more recent things, and to people who perform the same function or position or office as a different Person who did the same function. This general sense will be useful to describe artifacts for which newer models have been placed on sale, and have become more widely used than the older versions - such as versions of computer software. For the sense of being deprecated as 'old-fashioned' use the subtype 'OldFashioned'. Things with this attribute will have been the direct objects of a ''Replacing'' Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Superstition :guid "bdcd2cce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "superstition1n", "superstitious notion1n" ; :wordnet "superstition", "superstitious notion" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$BeliefSystems that are not in accordance with accepted scientific beliefs or scientific methods, but are not accorded the status of #$Religion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superstition' in Wordnet: 1. (9) superstition, superstitious notion - (an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belief, :BeliefSystem . :Supervising :en "supervising" ; :guid "bd58b625-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "manage4v", "oversee1v", "superintend1v", "supervise1v" ; :wordnet "manage", "oversee", "superintend", "supervise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Supervising'' is for direct supervision of a subordinate. CYC: A specialization of #$InfluencingAnAgent. Each instance of #$Supervising is an event in which an agent (the supervisor) directs and oversees the performance of some #$PurposefulAction which is performed by some other agent/s (the supervisee/s). In any instance of #$Supervising there is just one action being supervised; however, that action may have multiple performers. Correponds to verb sense 1 of 'supervise' in Wordnet: 1. (11) oversee, supervise, superintend, manage - (watch and direct; 'Who is overseeing this project?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :InfluencingAnAgent, :ManagementEvent . :Supervisor :wnsense "supervisor1n" ; :wordnet "supervisor" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Supervisor'' is a 'Manager' (an individual Person) who directly supervises another person, in an Organization hierarchy.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supervisor' in WordNet: 1. (3) supervisor - (one who supervises or has charge and direction of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manager, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :directlySupervises ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonType :Subordinate ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supervising ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :SupervisoryBoard :wnsense "board1n" ; :wordnet "board" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SupervisoryBoard'' is an ''Committee'' that has some degree of supervisory authority in some context. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'board' in WordNet: 1. (778) board - (a committee having supervisory powers; 'the board has seven members') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authority, :Committee . :Supper :ldoce "supper" ; :wnsense "supper1n" ; :wordnet "supper" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The specific set of food items eaten as the meal for the early Evening. This may or may not be the same as a Dinner. The act of eating Supper is 'EatingSupper' Noun sense 1 of 'supper' in WordNet seems to be the act of eating supper. This is ambiguous, and the WordNet 'supper' will be taken in both senses in COSMO: in WordNet: 1. (14) supper - (a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meal . :Supplanting :wnsense "replace2v", "supercede1v", "supersede1v", "supervene upon1v", "supplant1v" ; :wordnet "replace", "supercede", "supersede", "supervene upon", "supplant" ; a :IntransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Supplanting'' is used for inanimate objects that come to be used for the same purpose as a different object that had been used for that purpose, and has as subtype ''SucceedingAnAgent'' which is similar but specific for people who have the same function or position of a Person who had that function or position previously. e.g. the electronic calculator supplanted the slide rule, and digital computers supplanted the electronic calculator. Corrresponds to the perfective/adjectival sense of verb 'supersede' sense 1 of in WordNet: 1. (4) supplant, replace, supersede, supervene upon, supercede - (take the place or move into the position of; 'Smith replaced Miller as CEO after Miller left'; 'the computer has supplanted the slide rule'; 'Mary replaced Susan as the team's captain and the highest-ranked player in the school') WN verb 'replace': """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ComingLater . :Supplement :en "supplement" ; :enn "supplement" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Supplement'' is a ''DrugProduct'' that is not a PrescriptionDrug and is intended to 'supplement' potential deficiencies in vitamins or other non-caloric nutrients that may be needed for optimal nutrition. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Supplementary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Supplementary :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AddingEvent ; :wnsense "supplemental2adj", "supplementary2adj" ; :wordnet "supplemental", "supplementary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Supplementary'' is a subattribute of ''Added'' for things that were added to make up for some perceived lack in an original thing. ''Supplementary'' is mostly ued as an attribute of ''Information-Content'' or ''Document-Physical'' that is added to a base Document (physical or abstract - see ''MainSection'').. This may be used for supplements of other types such as a ''Supplement'' which may be a vitamin supplement or some other type of supplementary nutrient. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'supplementary' in Wordnet: 2. supplementary, supplemental - (added to complete or make up a deficiency; 'produced supplementary volumes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Added . :Supplier :wnsense "supplier1n" ; :wordnet "supplier" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Supplier'' is a ''BusinessPerson''that is a type of ''Vendor' who engages in ''SupplyingGoods'' (materials - Objects or Substances) to other ''Organization''s or to individuals where the materials supplied must be delivered (by the supplier or a third party) to the place of use. This is a specialized use in certain kinds of business that requires supplies of materials for their operations. This includes supplying to resellers, or in some cases such as specialized vendors who deliver goods directly (such as ''Caterer''s), even to individuals or small groups, and also includes one division of an Organization that specializes in supplying other operations of the Organization, as in a Military operation. The ''Supplier''' may be the manufacturer or a distributor or any 'middleman'. This term is usually used for those who sell specialized items or a small variety for use of other businesses, so is does not include retailers who have a large variety of products they sell. Thus a construction company building a tall building will need a ''Supplier'' of structural steel (or other suitable material). In this sense, 'provider' is not usually used to describe this Activity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supplier' in WordNet: 1. (2) supplier, provider - (someone whose business is to supply a particular service or commodity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson, :Vendor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupplyingGoods ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Supplies :guid "c155d92a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "supply1n" ; :wordnet "supply" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of food, clothes, and other materials that are stored for later use or delivered or carried to a Place where they are used. This very general - is any one or more ArtifactObject owned by some agent and kept or made available for use in some Action. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'supply' in WordNet: 1. (21) supply - (an amount of something available for use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :UsefulObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Available ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :UsefulObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Supply :CYC "Supplies" ; :en "supplies" ; :guid "c155d92a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "store", "supply" ; :wnsense "stock4n", "store2n", "supply1n" ; :wordnet "stock", "store", "supply" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc ('Supplies'): Any collection of food, clothes, or other materials that are stored for later use, and also of some abstract ''Resource'' such as Money. Linguistically often referred to in the plural: 'supplies'. This may be a single stock of a substance ('a supply of gasoline') or stocks of multiple different substances. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supply', sense 4 of 'stock' and sense 2 of 'store' in WordNet: 1. (21) supply - (an amount of something available for use) WN 'stock': 4. (39) store, stock, fund - (a supply of something available for future use; 'he brought back a large store of Cuban cigars') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Object, :Resource, :UsefulSource . :SupplyingGoods :wnsense "furnish1v", "provide1v", "supply1v" ; :wordnet "furnish", "provide", "supply" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SupplyingGoods'' is a subtype of 'Equipping' and of ''Selling'' in which some IntelligentAgent (a ''Supplier'') sells (and often delivers) Objects, materials, equipment, and sometimes services associated with the use of the materials sold, to those who use it for purposes other than end consumption. Thus businesses (small or large) that ise materials in their business will have one or more ''Supplier''s who ''SupplyGoods'' to them for use in their business. This is not for retail sales to end users. Corresponds to a specialized part of verb sense 1 of 'supply' in WordNet: 1. (47) supply, provide, render, furnish - (provide or furnish with; 'We provided the room with an electrical heater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equipping, :Selling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Supplier ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :SupplyingWater :en "supplying water" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SupplyingWater'' is an Action in which an Agent transmits Water through a ''WaterSupplySystem'' from a ''WaterWorks'' to some Structures. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConveyingWaterByPipes, :DispensingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSupplySystem ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Supporter :en "backer" ; :wnsense "admirer1n", "booster1n", "booster2n", "champion3n", "friend4n", "protagonist1n", "supporter1n", "supporter2n" ; :wordnet "admirer", "booster", "champion", "friend", "protagonist", "supporter" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Supporter'' is a ''Person'' who gives financial or moral support to some cause or organization or PoliticalParty; or candidate or supports a cause by personal effort; someone who performs ''SupportingaCauseOrParty''. The common term 'backer' is not in WN in this sense Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'supporter' and sense 2 of'booster' in WordNet: 1. (1) supporter, protagonist, champion, admirer, booster, friend - (a person who backs a politician or a team etc.; 'all their supporters came out for the game'; 'they are friends of the library') 2. patron, sponsor, supporter - (someone who supports or champions something) WN noun 'booster': 2. promoter, booster, plugger - (someone who is an active supporter and advocate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingaCauseOrParty ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Supporting :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :SupportingSomething ; :wnsense "load-bearing1adj", "supporting2adj" ; :wordnet "load-bearing", "supporting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute ''Supporting'' characterizes things that perform ''SupportingSomething'', i.e. hold or help hold something from falling in a gravitational field; used especally of structural parts that keep a building or other stricture from collapsing.. **Not for 'supporting' actors.** Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'supporting' in Wordnet: 2. load-bearing, supporting - (capable of bearing a structural load; 'a supporting wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SupportingAction :en "supporting action" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SupportingAction'' is the subtype of ''SupportingaCauseOrParty'' in which the ''Supporter'' performs personal actions such as demonstrating, contacting legislators, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlannedAction, :SupportingaCauseOrParty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Activist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Activism ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :SupportingConveyance :wnsense "conveyance3n" ; :wordnet "conveyance" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SupportingConveyance'' is a ''Conveyance'' that has a primary design purpose to move objects other than itself in a controlled fashion between two locations. This is a very general category, which includes conveyor belts and other stationary conveyances, as well as the usual vehicles, airplanes, and watercraft. It does not include animals used for riding or for pulling wagons, though the wagons pulled by animals would be classified in this category. Not all Conveyances are Devices. For example, skis or roller skates are borderline Conveyances, but are not Devices. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'conveyance' in Wordnet: 3. conveyance, transport - (something that serves as a means of transportation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveyance, :SupportingObject . :SupportingEnvironmentalProtection :en "supporting environmental protection" ; :enn "supporting environmental protection" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SupportingEnvironmentalProtection'' is a ''SupportingAction'' that is directed at supporting preservation of the natural environment.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EcologicalPlace :EnvironmentalCondition ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Environmentalist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SupportingFeminism :wnsense "feminism2n", "feminist movement1n", "women's lib1n", "women's liberation movement1n" ; :wordnet "feminism", "feminist movement", "women's lib", "women's liberation movement" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SupportingFeminism'' is a ''SupportingAction'' that is directed at supporting Actions that advance the cause of ''Feminism''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'feminist movement' in WordNet: 1. feminist movement, feminism, women's liberation movement, women's lib - (the movement aimed at equal rights for women) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Feminism ; owl:onProperty :hadCauseOrAgentSupported ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Feminist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SupportingObject :en "supporting object" ; :ldoce "support" ; :wnsense "rest6n", "support10n", "support7n" ; :wordnet "rest", "support" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SupportingObject is an ArtifactObject that was designed to serve as a support, to hold something in a particular place in a gravitational field. This is a very broad category, including chairs, lamp posts, and various platforms, as well as conveyances and vertically aligned objects designed to support something by keeping it from falling sidewise, not just vertically (such as a ''Bookend'' or the back rest of certain seating devices, or a pole or trellis supporting a plant ties to it). IT also includes supports that are part of a path, such as a ladder. But it does not include floors or other integral parts of structures, or flexible supports such as a rope stretched across two supporting anchors, or a hammock stretched between two trees. The categories will usually be classified by what the SupportingObject is designed to support. A chair, for example, is designed to support one person while sitting. Includes senses 7 and 10 of 'support' and noun sense 6 of 'rest' in WordNet: 7. (2) support - (supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation; 'the statue stood on a marble support') 10. (1) support - (any device that bears the weight of another thing; 'there was no place to attach supports for a shelf') WN noun 'rest': 6. (1) rest - (a support on which things can be put; 'the gun was steadied on a special rest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingSomething ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :SupportingOrganismPart a :OrganismPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SupportingOrganismPart is an OrganismPart that is solid and serves to support other parts of the organism. The supporting function need not be its only evolved purpose, but it should be clearly important for the organism. skeletons (exo and endo), and tree trunks are examples.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganismPart, :RigidObject . :SupportingReform a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SupportingReform'' is a ''SupportingAction'' that is direced at supporting a ''Reforming''action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Reforming :Campaign ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reformer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SupportingSomething :eng "bearing" ; :guid "bd58b0c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "support" ; :wnsense "bear12v", "hold up1v", "support4v", "support8n", "supporting1n" ; :wordnet "bear", "hold up", "support", "supporting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which one solid object (the Actor) supports an other object (the patient) in a gravitational field; the supporting action prevents the patient from falling to the ground level. This is very broad, but does not include the notion of being supported by (floating in) a liquid; for that Event, see 'FloatingEvent'. In RHW verb 'bear' has this as sense 1: to hold up; support: to bear the weight of the roof. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'support' in WordNet: 4. (14) hold, support, sustain, hold up - (be the physical support of; carry the weight of; 'The beam holds up the roof'; 'He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam'; 'What's holding that mirror?') WN verb 'bear': 12. hold, carry, bear - (support or hold in a certain manner; 'She holds her head high'; 'He carried himself upright') WN noun 'supporting': 1. (1) support, supporting - (the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening; 'he leaned against the wall for support') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation, :DualObjectEvent . :SupportingSomethingWithTheHand :wnsense "hold3v" ; :wordnet "hold" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SupportingSomethingWithTheHand'' is an transitive Action that is a ''PersistentState'' during which some PhysicalObjectis supported (in a gravitational field) by being held in a Person's Hand in some fashion, as by supporting with a cupped hand or by holding something that has a handle by grasping its handle. This is notnecessarily a ''Grasping'' as holding (e.g. a tiny bird) in the cupped hand does not apply any force from the hand,just gravity. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'hold' in WordNet: 3. (434) hold, take hold - (have or hold in one's hands or grip; 'Hold this bowl for a moment, please'; 'A crazy idea took hold of him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HoldingAnObject, :HumanActivity, :SupportingSomething, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingSupported ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :requiredBodypart ] . :SupportingStructure :wnsense "supporting structure1n" ; :wordnet "supporting structure" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SupportingStructure'' is a ''SupportingObject'' that has more than one component part. This is intended to represent the parent type for Objects that are constructed of multiple parts (by humans or nature) for the purpose of supporting objects, whether outside or inside the structure. For Nature, one example is a ''SkeletalSystem''; for artifacts an example is a building framework. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supporting structure' in WordNet: 1. supporting structure - (a structure that serves to support something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingSomething ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :SupportingSurface :en "supporting surface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SupportingSurface'' is a flat horizontal ArtifactObject, which can be located indoors or out, which is designed to support and allow movement of PhysicalObjects such as people, animals, vehicles, or other objects whether used int ransporting things or intended to remain stationary while in use. This includes the ''floor'' of a construction as well as pavements such as roads sidewalks or other paths. A ground surface that has been graded to allow movement of people or vehicles is included and is considered as an ''ArtifactObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :GroundOrFloor, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Locomotion-SolidSurface ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :SupportingWheel :en "supporting wheel" ; :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :SupportingConveyance ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SupportingWheel is a wheel that was designed to serve as the support for a wheeled conveyance. Note that wheels on airplanes are considered supporting wheels, even though airplanes are not WheeledTransportationDevices (which must use **only** wheels to assist their movement); the wheels on an airplane do support it while the plane is moving on the ground.. The wheels on a wheelbarrow, or on a push cart are also supporting wheels. The small wheels on the casters of a piece of movable furniture are borderline members of this class. This is both a 'Part' (a Role) and a PhysicalObject. Note that SupportingWheels are RigidObjects, and should not distort more than 10% (by design) when supporting their own weight. They may distort more when supporting a vehicle, or, if inflatable, when flat (though not functional when flat, as an Artifact it still retains its identity as a SupportingWheel, with a 'non-functional' or 'poorly functional' attribute) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, :SupportingObject, :Wheel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationEvent ; owl:onProperty :supportsThingInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingConveyance ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WheeledTransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :SupportingaCauseOrParty :wnsense "back1v", "champion1v", "endorse1v", "support3v" ; :wordnet "back", "champion", "endorse", "support" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SupportingaCauseOrParty'' is a broad class of Actions in which a Person publicly demonstrates support for a cause - charitable or political - or a Party or an Organization This includes 'to advocate for' (not legal), 'to champion' to donate time or money to a cause, or to vote for a proposal. Subtypes can be more specific. Voting for a candidate by secret ballot is not included, as the supporting action has to be public. This is for public or psychological support; for monetary support, use ''ProvidingMaterialSupport'' and subtypes. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'support' in WordNet: 3. (14) back, endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support - (be behind; approve of; 'He plumped for the Labor Party'; 'I backed Kennedy in 1960') WN verb 'champion': 1. (1) champion, defend - (protect or fight for as a champion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :ShowingSupportForSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :AgentType :GenericAgent :Campaign ) ] ] . :Supportive :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfPeople, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :HelpingAnAgent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unhelpful ; :wnsense "supportive1adj" ; :wordnet "supportive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Supportive'' is an attribute of people, Groups of people or other IntelligentAgents that provide material or pschological support (help, assistance) to some Person. Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'supportive' in WordNet: 1. (5) supportive - (furnishing support or assistance; 'a supportive family network'; 'his family was supportive of his attempts to be a writer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Helpful . :Supposed :en "believed to be", "considered to be", "thought to be" ; :ened "deemed" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Assuming, :ConsideringToBe, :ExpectingSomething, :Postulating ; :isTheOppositeOf :Open ; :wnsense "purported1adj", "putative1adj", "reputed1adj", "supposed1adj", "supposed2adj", "supposed3adj", "supposed4adj", "supposed6adj" ; :wordnet "purported", "putative", "reputed", "supposed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Believed or asserted to be true,by some source with some (perhaps minimal) degree of credibility. This excludes sense 5 of 'supposed' that suggestsdoubt ('alleged', 'so-called') . Includes adjective senses 1, 2, 3, 4, and to 6 of 'supposed' in WordNet: 1. (5) supposed - (firmly believed; 'the way things are supposed to be') 2. (2) supposed - (mistakenly believed; 'the supposed existence of ghosts') 3. (2) putative, purported, reputed, supposed - (commonly put forth or accepted as true on inconclusive grounds; 'the foundling's putative father'; 'the reputed (or purported) author of the book'; 'the supposed date of birth') 4. (1) supposed - (designed to; 'medication that is supposed to relieve pain'; 'what's that gadget supposed to do?') 6. supposed - (required or under orders; 'I'm supposed to be there at ten'; 'he was supposed to go to the store') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Supposedly :en "it is believed", "it is said" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Supposed ; :wnsense "purportedly1adv", "supposedly1adv" ; :wordnet "purportedly", "supposedly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Supposedly'' is an AdverbialModifier asserting that the phrase embedding the word is 'Supposed' (believed to be true), though not asserting that the speaker is certain it is true. Correspond to adverb sense 1 of'supposedly' in WordNet: 1. (4) purportedly, supposedly - (believed or reputed to be the case) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Suppository :guid "c0fd6b98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "suppository1n" ; :wordnet "suppository" ; a :DosageFormType, :PharmacyProductType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An object composed of a substance which is hard at room temperature, but soft at body temperature, and which is inserted into either the anus or the vagina where its contents are absorbed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suppository' in WordNet: 1. suppository - (a small plug of medication designed for insertion into the rectum or vagina where it melts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugObject . :SuppressingActivity :wnsense "conquer1v", "crush1v", "crushing1n", "curb2n", "inhibit1v", "oppress1v", "quelling1n", "stamp down1v", "stifling1n", "subdue2v", "suppress1v", "suppress2v", "suppression3n" ; :wordnet "conquer", "crush", "crushing", "curb", "inhibit", "oppress", "quelling", "stamp down", "stifling", "subdue", "suppress", "suppression" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SuppressingActivity'' is a ''KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething'' that where the agent is a ''GroupOfPeople''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'suppress' in WordNet: 1. (4) suppress, stamp down, inhibit, subdue, conquer, curb - (to put down by force or authority; 'suppress a nascent uprising'; 'stamp down on littering'; 'conquer one's desires') 2. (1) oppress, suppress, crush - (come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority; 'The government oppresses political activists') WN noun 'suppression': 3. suppression, crushing, quelling, stifling - (forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority; 'the suppression of heresy'; 'the quelling of the rebellion'; 'the stifling of all dissent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :SuppressingInformation :en "suppress" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SuppressingInformation'' is a form of 'Secrecy' in which an Organization (government or private) keeps information secret that would normally be released to the public. Corresponds most closely to RHW sense 3 of 'suppress': 4. to withhold from disclosure or publication (truth, evidence, a book, names, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Secrecy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Organization ] . :Supremacy :wnsense "domination2n", "mastery2n", "supremacy1n" ; :wordnet "domination", "mastery", "supremacy" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Supremacy'' is a ''BeingInControl'' (a state) in which the agent is not only 'superior' to some other in some context, but is superior to *all* others in that context. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'supremacy' in WordNet: 1. (4) domination, mastery, supremacy - (power to dominate or defeat; 'mastery of the seas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingInControl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ControllingAuthority ; owl:onProperty :impliesAgentAttribute ] . :Supreme :wnsense "supreme2adj" ; :wordnet "supreme" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Supreme'' is an attribute of something that is the prominent or most powerful among some specific group of things. Most commonly used of a 'Supreme Court'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'supreme' in WordNet: 2. (3) sovereign, supreme - (greatest in status or authority or power; 'a supreme tribunal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Greatest . :SupremeCourt :isKnowledgeableAbout :Law ; :practicesOccupation :LawAsAnOccupation ; :wnsense "Supreme Court of the United States1n", "Supreme Court1n", "United States Supreme Court1n" ; :wordnet "Supreme Court", "Supreme Court of the United States", "United States Supreme Court" ; a :Court-Judicial ; rdfs:comment """The 'Supreme Court' of the United States - the highest Federal court - not to be confused with 'Supreme Courts' of the states or other countries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Supreme Court' in WordNet: 1. (2) Supreme Court, Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court - (the highest federal court in the United States; has final appellate jurisdiction and has jurisdiction over all other courts in the nation) """ . :Sure :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :SelfConfidence ; :ldoce "certain", "sure" ; :wnsense "certain2adj", "sure1adj" ; :wordnet "certain", "sure" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who feels certain that something is true, or that something will happen. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'certain'and sense 1 of 'sure' in WordNet: 2. (16) certain, sure - (having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured; 'felt certain of success'; 'was sure (or certain) she had seen it'; 'was very sure in his beliefs'; 'sure of her friends') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :SureToOccur :hasQuantifier ; :ldoce "certain", "sure" ; :wnsense "certain4adj", "inevitable2adj", "sure3adj" ; :wordnet "certain", "inevitable", "sure" ; a :ProbabilityOfOutcome ; rdfs:comment """'SureToOccur' is a Probability value (an AttributeValue) for some 'FutureSituation' that is a range of values from greater than 0.95 to 1. It is represented as having a Quantifier with any number greater than 0.95, and also having as Quantifier the ExclusiveNumberRange of 0.95 to 1.0. There should be only one Quantifier, but these are both used for testing purposes. Using this attribute implies that the event has not yet occurred at the time of the assertion. Linguistically this concept is expressed by phrases such as 'that outcome is certain' or 'he is sure to fail'. In the ontology, that would be expressed as: {?FutureSituation hasProbability SureToOccur}. For the case of the WordNet example 'the broken limb is likely to fall', one would create an Event in which someone wins (e.g. JohnsWin2013) and then assert: {JohnsWin2013 hasProbability SureToOccur} Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'sure' and sense 2 of 'inevitable' in WordNet: 3. (4) certain, sure - (certain to occur; destined or inevitable; 'he was certain to fail'; 'his fate is certain'; 'In this life nothing is certain but death and taxes'- Benjamin Franklin; 'he faced certain death'; 'sudden but sure regret'; 'he is sure to win') WN adj 'inevitable': 2. (3) inevitable - (invariably occurring or appearing; 'the inevitable changes of the seasons') """ . :Surety :wnsense "collateral1n", "security8n", "surety2n" ; :wordnet "collateral", "security", "surety" ; a :AssetType, :RoleType, :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Surety'' is one term ('security' is more common) for some form of ''Propery'' owned by one Person and legally entitled to be taken by another Person if some condition agreed to by both parties is not met. Most commonly, RealEstate is held as Security for a Mortgage loan. Any item 'pawned' is Security for repayment of the pawner's loan. A ''Surety'' is ''AtRisk'' of loss in case of default. Rental security deposits are another subtype. NOTE: unclear of the WN view of relation between 'collateral' and 'surety. Here they are conflated. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'security' and sense 1 of 'collateral' in WordNet: 8. (10) security, surety - (property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation; 'bankers are reluctant to lend without good security') WN noun 'collateral': 1. collateral - (a security pledged for the repayment of a loan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Property, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AtRisk ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Surf :wnsense "breaker2n", "breakers2n", "surf1n" ; :wordnet "breaker", "breakers", "surf" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :ResourceType, :WaveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Surf'' is the Group of Waves moving toward and 'breaking' on the shore - from small to large. This can be used for one wave or more commonly for a series of waves - not logically distinguished here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surf' in WordNet: 1. (1) surf, breaker, breakers - (waves breaking on the shore) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterWave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shore ; owl:onProperty :movesRelativeTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shore ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :Surface-Generic :ldoce "surface" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing and #$SpaceRegionLimit. This is the collection of all surfaces, tangible or intangible (see #$Surface-Physical and #$Surface-Intangible), of spatial things. Each instance of #$Surface-Generic is a spatial thing that has extent in at least two dimensions, and either has no thickness (i.e. is a purely two-dimensional object) or has an insignificant thickness compared to its length and width. (If it is a closed surface, e.g. an apple skin, then any significant subregion of it must have insignificant thickness compared to that subregion's length and width.) Thus a surface might be two- or three-dimensional; tangible or intangible; spatially connected or not; it might be flat, curved, folded, or crumpled. Other examples of surfaces are the skin of a basketball, the face-up side of a table top, and a particular face of an abstract cube. Other specializations of #$Surface-Generic are #$FlatSurface, #$Surface-Closed, and #$Surface-Open. NOTE: the general sense of 'surface' including abstract objects doesn't seem to occur in WordNet. See 'Surface-Physical' for the surfaces of physical things """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :TwoDimensionalThing . :Surface-Intangible :guid "bd5884f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible and #$Surface-Generic. Each instance of #$Surface-Intangible is an intangible, geometrically describable surface of a spatial thing. Examples are the convex hull (see #$ConvexHullFn) of a coffee table or the surface of an abstract sphere. A non-example is the glossy surface of a polished tabletop, since this is a physical surface, and thus tangible (cf. #$Surface-Physical) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing-Intangible, :Surface-Generic . :Surface-Open :guid "bd8cb302-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Surface-Generic (q.v.).This is the collection of open surfaces of (tangible or intangible) spatial objects. Each instance of #$Surface-Open has some boundary, such as an edge, perimeter, or hole. Examples include the top surface of a tabletop, the surface of a whiffle ball, a slightly cracked eggshell, and the skin of an apple with a bite taken from it. Non-examples are a basketball skin and an intact eggshell; cf. #$Surface-Closed. Note that 'hole' here is intended in its colloquial, human-scale sense, according to which (e.g.) a wiffle ball has holes but a baseball does not (even though at some fine-grained level the latter does have tiny holes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surface-Generic . :Surface-Physical :guid "bd590365-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "surface" ; :wnsense "surface2n" ; :wordnet "surface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Surface-Generic and #$PartiallyTangible. This is the collection of all physical (and thus technically three-dimensional) surfaces, i.e. tangible surfaces of tangible objects. Each instance of #$Surface-Physical has a (non-zero) thickness that is much less than its average length or width. A physical surface might have holes, tears, or be unconnected and in multiple pieces; it might be flat, curved, or crumpled. Examples include the skin of an apple and the top side of a tabletop. Cf. #$Surface-Intangible. This 'surface' can include part of an object to some depth, such as a surface layer. For the surface portion so thin all parts of it are visible externally, and can be cleaned by a 'CleaningaSurfaceEvent' use 'OuterPhysicalSurface'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'surface' in WordNet: 2. (39) surface - (the extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object; 'they skimmed over the surface of the water'; 'a brush small enough to clean every dental surface'; 'the sun has no distinct surface') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Surface-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :SurfaceAppearance :en "surface appearance" ; :enn "surface appearance" ; :takesValue :AppearanceAttribute ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''SurfaceAppearance'' is the ''Appearance'' of the Surface of a ''SolidObject''. This includes any attribute that can be observed on an object's surface e.g.: color, smoothness or roughness, patterns, glossiness or matteness or roughness, shape, or any other surface Attribute or AttributeType that can be evaluated by observing the surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appearance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceOfaHardObject ] . :SurfaceAttribute :takesValue :Smooth ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeTypeType that takes values that are AttributeValues that characterize the surface of a PhysicalObject, whether solid or liquid.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :SurfaceAttributeChange a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''SurfaceAttributeChange'' is subtype of ''ImpartingAnAttribute'' in which the surface of some PhysicalObject undergoes a change (by a transitive or intansitive process) in some attribute or feature of its surface. Surface features can change by internal processes, so this is not necessarily an Action. NOTE that this can be a change on the surface of a body of liquid (e.g.Water), so the objectModified is not necessarily Solid. See also ''CausingAnAttributeChange''. The Object whose surface is modified is pointed to by the relation ''hadObjectModified'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImpartingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SurfaceOnTangibleObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :SurfaceAttributeValue a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any AttributeValue that characterizes the surface of a PhysicalObject, whether solid or liquid. Subtype AttributeValue of this type can be expressed by using the relation: isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving (some Subtype of ''Pattern'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :SurfaceFilm :hasShape :SheetLike ; :ldoce "film" ; :wnsense "film3n", "skim1n", "slick3n" ; :wordnet "film", "skim", "slick" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A thin film of liquid or semiliquid or solid substance adhering to a surface - usually to a solid surface, but also the thin film of a liquid that may rest on top of another liquid, as an oil film on water. A 'film' of dust on a surface is not a subtype. @ToDo: how to represent that?? Not really a substance. Corresponds roughly to part of noun sense 3 of 'film'and noun sense 1 of 'skim' and part of non sense 3 of 'slick (an oil slick) in WordNet: 3. (42) film - (a thin coating or layer; 'the table was covered with a film of dust') WN noun 'skim': 1. skim - (a thin layer covering the surface of a liquid; 'there was a thin skim of oil on the water') WN noun 'slick': 3. slick - (a film of oil or garbage floating on top of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Film-SheetOrCoating . :SurfaceFinish :takesValue :AppearanceAttribute ; :wnsense "coating2n", "finish1n", "finishing1n" ; :wordnet "coating", "finish", "finishing" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''SurfaceFinish is the ''SurfaceAppearance'' of a ''SolidObject'' that has had some process applied to the surface to give it a certain appearance. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'finish' (the surface appearance, not the substance) in WordNet: 1. (238) coating, finish, finishing - (a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that gives it that appearance); 'the boat had a metallic finish'; 'he applied a coat of a clear finish'; 'when the finish is too thin it is difficult to apply evenly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceAppearance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinishingAnArtifactSurface ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SurfaceObjectType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'SurfaceObjectType'' is a type of Object that is an outer surface on a PhysicalObject that can be covered by some other object - i.e.it can be an object of the relation ''isDesignedToCover''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoverableObjectType . :SurfaceOfTheAtlantic :isaParticipantIn :Soaking ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :AtlanticOcean ; a :NavigableWaterSurface . :SurfaceOfaHardObject :en "the surface part of a hard object", "tsurface on a hard object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SurfaceOfaHardObject'' is the ''SurfacePortion'' of a hard ''PhysicalObject'' (a ''\"HardObject''). This is a special category added to fill in the meaning of ''Cushioning'' an object by adding padding to its surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceOfaSolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HardObject ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :SurfaceOfaSolidObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SurfaceOfaSolidObject'' is the ''SurfacePortion'' of a solid ''PhysicalObject'' (a ''SolidObject''). NOTE that this could be an ''InsideSurface'' for ''SolidObject''s that have accessible innterior regions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceOnTangibleObject, :SurfacePortion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :SurfaceOnTangibleObject :guid "bd590882-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Surface-Physical and #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Each instance of #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject is a sheet-like surface (that is, a surface with one dimension significantly smaller than the other two) of a partially tangible object. Such a surface is neither unconnected nor in multiple pieces. Furthermore, the properties of such a surface differ noticeably from the properties of the partially tangible object covered by the surface. So a veneer surface of a table would be an instance of #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject, while the surface of a wooden table with no lining would not. Further positive examples include carpet that is part of a floor, paint on a wall, the earth's crust, and the crust on a piece of bread.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetOfSomeStuff, :Surface-Physical . :SurfacePart a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SurfacePart' is a Part of some ''Surface-Generic'' that can be on an AbstractDocument or on a PhysicalObject. This is added primarily in order to represent ''BlankSpace'' for the notion of 'filling in the blanks' whether on an AbstractDocument (as represented on a computer screen) or on a ''PhysicalPage'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surface-Generic ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :SurfacePattern :en "surface pattern" ; a :GroupType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SurfacePattern'' is a ''VisualPattern'' that can be perceived on the surface of some SolidObject.. design, pattern, figure """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisualPattern, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ] . :SurfacePortion a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any part of the surface of a PhysicalObject, which may include the whole surface (see the subtype 'ExternalSurface-WholeThing'). NOTE that this includes the outer rim of a PhysicalObject that is mostly spread out in two dimensions, such as the wall of a medieval city or of a fort..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surface-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] ; owl:disjointWith :Interior . :SurfaceReceptor :wnsense "receptor1n" ; :wordnet "receptor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SurfaceReceptor'' is a ''CellSurfacePart'' that functions to detect substances (''Solute''s in the cell environment) or conditions (e.g. light) in the immediate environment and react to cause responsive changes in the interior of the ''Cell'. This type includes WN sense 1 of 'receptor' but is for all types of cells, not only nervous tisue, and is only for surface receptors able to detect external phenomena. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'receptor' in WordNet: 1. receptor - (a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CellSurfacePart, :Sensor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solute ; owl:onProperty :detects ] . :SurfaceSpike :wnsense "spike2n", "spike6n" ; :wordnet "spike" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A nail-like (long and thin) protrusion on the surface of some PhysicalObject, natural or artifactual. Includes noun senses 2, 6, 7, and 8 of 'spike' in WordNet, and also includes nail-like protrusions from biological Organisms (see the subtype ''SpineSpikeOrQuill''): in WordNet: 2. (1) spike - (sports equipment consisting of a sharp point on the sole of a shoe worn by athletes; 'spikes provide greater traction') 6. spike - (a sharp-pointed projection along the top of a fence or wall) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Protrusion, :StraightLongAndThinObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nail ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Surfactant :guid "bd58e4a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "surfactant1n" ; :wordnet "surfactant" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO a Surfactant is a class of chemicals having certain properties, and is not necessarily a 'cleaning agent', as in Cyc. A PhysicalSubstance having chemical properties that enable it to be added to mixtures of water and other materials, and to emulsify some of the solid or insoluble materials, so that the insoluble materials become dispersed in the water. The most common surfactants are used as soaps or detergents, but there are other specialized uses. Cyc: Stuff used as cleanser. Solubilizes oil and grease. SUMO: Surfactants, also known as Wetting agents, lower the surface tension of a Liquid, allowing easier spreading. The term surfactant is a compression of 'Surface active agent'. Surfactants are usually organic compounds that contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, and are thus semi-soluble in both organic and aqueous solvents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surfactant' in WordNet: 1. (3) wetting agent, wetter, surfactant, surface-active agent - (a substance capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterSolubleStuff . :SurfactantSolution a :FluidType, :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Aqueous solution having surfactants, usually but not always used for 'Washing'. Surfacant solutions are sometimes used in manipulating biological materials.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :ArtificialSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surfactant ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :WashingEvent ] . :Surfboard :guid "bd58df9f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "surfboard1n" ; :wordnet "surfboard" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all surfboards. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surfboard' in WordNet: 1. surfboard - (a narrow buoyant board for riding surf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :Device-SingleUser, :Device-UserControlled, :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, :SportsEquipment, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surfing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surfer ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surfer ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Surfer :wnsense "surfboarder1n", "surfer1n" ; :wordnet "surfboarder", "surfer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Surfer'' is a ''Person'' who is ''Surfing'' or likes to perform ''Surfing'' NOTE: this is unrelated to using the Internet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surfer' in WordNet: 1. surfer, surfboarder - (someone who engages in surfboarding) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surfing ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Surfing :guid "bd589ab1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "surf1v", "surfboard1v", "surfboarding1n", "surfing1n", "surfriding1n" ; :wordnet "surf", "surfboard", "surfboarding", "surfing", "surfriding" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all surfing events. NOTE: this can only be done when the 'surf is up', so it *requires* ''Surf''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'surf' in WordNet: 1. surfboard, surf - (ride the waves of the sea with a surfboard; 'Californians love to surf') WN noun 'surfing': 1. surfing, surfboarding, surfriding - (the sport of riding a surfboard toward the shore on the crest of a wave) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :MovingOnTheWaterSurface, :WaterSportActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoreline ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surf ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surfboard ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Surge :wnsense "soar4v", "surge1n", "surge2n" ; :wordnet "soar", "surge" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sudden increase in something measured quantitatively, usually in some kind of activity or price. @ToDo possible to distinguish Quantitative (crime rate) from non-quantitative effects (emotion) Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'surge' and verb sense 4 of 'soar' in WordNet: 1. (4) rush, spate, surge, upsurge - (a sudden forceful flow) 2. (2) surge, upsurge - (a sudden or abrupt strong increase; 'stimulated a surge of speculation'; 'an upsurge of emotion'; 'an upsurge in violent crime') WN verb 'soar': 4. (1) soar - (go or move upward; 'The stock market soared after the cease-fire was announced') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseInaQuantity . :Surgeon :guid "bd58e811-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "surgeon1n" ; :wordnet "surgeon" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Surgeons are doctors who specialize in the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and pathological conditions requiring manual or instrumental operative procedures. SUMO: The Profession of being a surgeon, i.e. being a medical doctor who specializes in performing surgical operations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surgeon' in Wordnet: 1. (9) surgeon, operating surgeon, sawbones - (a physician who specializes in surgery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surgery ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surgery ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ] . :Surgery :appearsInAxioms """(=> (and (instance ?ACT Surgery) (patient ?ACT ?ANIMAL)) (exists (?SUBACT) (and (instance ?SUBACT Cutting) (instance ?ANIMAL Animal) (patient ?SUBACT ?ANIMAL) (subProcess ?SUBACT ?ACT))))""" ; :guid "bd58b29c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "operate", "operation" ; :wnsense "operate on1v", "operate7v", "operation5n", "surgery4n", "surgical operation1n", "surgical procedure1n", "surgical process1n" ; :wordnet "operate", "operate on", "operation", "surgery", "surgical operation", "surgical procedure", "surgical process" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: A specialization of #$MedicalCareEvent. Each instance of #$Surgery is a medical care event in which a medical professional cuts a part of a living body, either to examine what's inside (a diagnostic, exploratory surgery) or to treat an ailment (an instance of #$MedicalTreatmentEvent). Instances of #$Surgery which are also instances of #$MedicalTreatmentEvent include: removal of some object - such as a cancer or an organ that's causing trouble - from the body; insertion of a medical device (e.g, a pacemaker) into the body; repair of some internal structure. COSMO Note: This is the general act of surgery, without distinction as to purpose. Cyc makes the distinction between surgery to repair an illness and other types of surgery. In COSMO that distinction is not (v0.3) represented in this Type, but the more specific Cyc type 'SurgicalTreatment' is included as a subType of this Type. SUMO: Any TherapeuticProcess that involves making an incision in the Animal that is the patient of the TherapeuticProcess. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'surgery' and noun sense 5 of 'operation' and verb sense 7 of 'operate' in WordNet: 7. operate on, operate - (perform surgery on; 'The doctors operated on the patient but failed to save his life') WN 'surgery' 4. operation, surgery, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process - (a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; 'they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available'; 'he died while undergoing surgery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TherapeuticProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurgicalIncision ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Surgical :pertainsTo :Surgery, :SurgicalIncision, :SurgicalInstrument, :SurgicalKnife, :SurgicalRemoval, :SurgicalTreatment ; :wnsense "surgical1adj" ; :wordnet "surgical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'surgical' in Wordnet: 1. surgical - (of or relating to or involving or used in surgery; 'surgical instruments'; 'surgical intervention') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SurgicalIncision :wnsense "incision2n", "section13n", "surgical incision1n" ; :wordnet "incision", "section", "surgical incision" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SurgicalIncision'' is a ''CuttingSomething'' where the 'something' cut is part of the skin on an animal (usually a Person), and the tool used is a surgical knife. This is a part of almost every surgery (except for those inserting small cutters through tubes inserted into thebdy). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surgical incision' in WordNet: 1. incision, section, surgical incision - (the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, :CuttingSomething, :MarkingOnASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPenetrated ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incision ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surgery ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :SurgicalInstrument :wnsense "surgical instrument1n" ; :wordnet "surgical instrument" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surgical instrument' in WordNet: 1. surgical instrument - (a medical instrument used in surgery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surgery ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :SurgicalKnife :wnsense "surgical knife1n" ; :wordnet "surgical knife" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surgical knife' in WordNet: 1. surgical knife - (a very sharp knife used in surgery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :Knife, :ManufacturedGoods, :SurgicalInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TableKnife ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VerySharp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surgery ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "14"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :SurgicalMask :en "surgical mask" ; :enn "surgical mask" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SurgicalMask'' is a cloth ''Mask'' designed to protect a person from inhalation of infectous agents (bacteria or viruses), by fltering the Air inhaled or exhaled through a cloth that filters out particulate objects. This type is also used for masks that prevent workmen from inhaling dust from the materials they are working on. This can be divided into subtypes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :Mask, :PhysicalFilter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Filtering ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProtectingPassively ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :SurgicalRemoval :en "surgical removal" ; :enn "surgical removal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically, :SurgicalTreatment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimalBodyPartType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Surgery ] . :SurgicalTreatment :en "surgical treatment" ; :enn "surgical treatment" ; :guid "bf6d768b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of surgeries which are #$MedicalTreatmentEvents, that is, it includes surgery designed to treat a medical condition, but excludes both diagnostic and cosmetic surgery. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surgery . :SurgicallyPrecise :isAnAttributeValueOf :PurposefulAction ; :wnsense "surgical3adj" ; :wordnet "surgical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SurgicallyPrecise'' is the attribute of a ''PurposefulAction'' that was performed skillfully and resulting in exactly the effect intended, with little deviation from 'perfect'. This concept is often expressed as 'surgical'. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'surgical' in Wordnet: 3. surgical - (performed with great precision; \"a surgical air strike\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accurate, :Painstaking, :Skillful . :Suriname a :Country . :Surpassing :typicallyFinishes :Comparing ; :wnsense "exceed3v", "outdo1v", "outgo1v", "outmatch1v", "outperform1v", "outstrip1v", "surmount3v", "surpass2v" ; :wordnet "exceed", "outdo", "outgo", "outmatch", "outperform", "outstrip", "surmount", "surpass" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Surpassing'' represents the ''Action'' of one of two or more Things (of any type) that is greater by some criterion than the other(s). This is general and can be used for comparisons of the attributes of inanimate objects as well as comparisons of the performance of animals or their attributes. This is a ''RelativeState'' that is the result of a ''Comparing'' Action. The entry ''BeingLarger'' is not an appropriate parent, as the attribute of comparison can be qualities or quantities that are not types of a 'size'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'outperform' in WordNet: 1. surpass, outstrip, outmatch, outgo, exceed, outdo, surmount, outperform - (be or do something to a greater degree; 'her performance surpasses that of any other student I know'; 'She outdoes all other athletes'; 'This exceeds all my expectations'; 'This car outperforms all others in its class') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :RelativeState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Comparing ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :Surprise :guid "bd58c0ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "surprise" ; :wnsense "surprise1n" ; :wordnet "surprise" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The feeling of surprise at the occurrence of something unexpected, unanticipated, or startling. A specialization of #$Surprise is #$Wonder-Admiration. (For the rationale behind treating feelings as types - i.e. collections - - of attributes, see the comment on #$Happiness.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surprise' in WordNet: 1. (16) surprise - - (the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurprisingSomeone ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surprising ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Surprised :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Surprise ; :wnsense "surprised1adj" ; :wordnet "surprised" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing ''Surprise''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'surprised' in WordNet: 1. (15) surprised - (taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment; 'surprised by her student's ingenuity'; 'surprised that he remembered my name'; 'a surprised expression') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :Surprising :hasAdverbialForm :Surprisingly ; :perceivingCausesMentalEvent :Surprise ; :wnsense "surprising1adj" ; :wordnet "surprising" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Surprising' the property that of something that is not expected, and therefore causes the Feeling of ''Surprise''. This is often relative to a particular agent's expectations; but things may be surprising to everyone. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'surprising' in WordNet: 1. (11) surprising - (causing surprise or wonder or amazement; 'the report shows a surprising lack of hard factual data'; 'leaped up with surprising agility'; 'she earned a surprising amount of money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unexpected . :SurprisingEvent :wnsense "surprise2n" ; :wordnet "surprise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SurprisingEvent'' is a ''Modification' of a Situation that is unexpected and causes a feeling of ''Surprise''. This can be a change that is perceived as it occurs, or a perception of a change that has occurred in the past of which the agent surprised only becomes aware in this type of Event. NOTE: the WN gloss says 'unexpected' - in the caseof perceptions of things changed in the past, what is unexpected it to see that the observed thing is different from what was anticipated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surprise' in WordNet: 2. (5) surprise - (a sudden unexpected event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unexpected ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surprise ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :SurprisingSomeone :ldoce "surprise" ; :wnsense "surprise1v" ; :wordnet "surprise" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SurprisingSomeone' is an Event which causes one or more animals (usually a person) to become surprised (experience 'Surprise'). The restriction requires that the Surprise Feeling be specified, so that the animal that is surprised is identified. The Event of 'SurprisingSomeone' can be caused by natural Events, or by the deliberate action of another animal. Therefore it is not necessarily an Action, though it often is. The restriction will require pointing to the source of the surprise. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'surprise' in WordNet: 1. (22) surprise - - (cause to be surprised; 'The news really surprised me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :Surprise ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surprising ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute ] . :Surprisingly :isMoreIntensiveThan :greatly ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Surprising ; :wnsense "astonishingly1adv", "surprisingly1adv" ; :wordnet "astonishingly", "surprisingly" ; a :Adverb, :AdverbType, :LogicalFunction, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''surprisingly'' is the adverbial form of ''Surprising'', and modifies Events or states that create surprise, astonishement, or any similar 'dramatic' effect. For a yet more intensive adverb, use ''Amazingly''. This includes adverb sense 1 of 'surprisingly' and sense 1 of 'dramatically' in WordNet: WN adverb 'dramatically': 1. (4) dramatically - (in a very impressive manner; 'your performance will improve dramatically') WN adverb 'surprisingly': 1. (5) surprisingly - (in a surprising manner; 'he was surprisingly friendly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Surreal :isAnAttributeValueOf :Art, :Dream, :Fantasy ; :isTheOppositeOf :Realistic ; :wnsense "phantasmagoric1adj", "phantasmagorical1adj", "surreal1adj", "surrealistic1adj" ; :wordnet "phantasmagoric", "phantasmagorical", "surreal", "surrealistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Surreal'' is the attribute of some InformationObject such as a painting or fiction, that depicts a scene or situation that is not realistic, in being unlikely or impossible to occur in the RealWorld. NOTE: 'surrealistic' in the sense of depicting RealWorld stuations that are so unusual they appear as though they are being depicted in a ''Surreal'' work of art, is represented by the separate attribute ''Surrealistic''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'surreal' in Wordnet: 1. phantasmagoric, phantasmagorical, surreal, surrealistic - (characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtapositions; \"a great concourse of phantasmagoric shadows\" - J.C.Powys; 'the incongruous imagery in surreal art and literature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unrealistic, :Unusual . :Surrealistic :en "surrealistic" ; :enadj "surrealistic" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Dream, :PhysicalSituation ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Surreal'' is the attribute of some InformationObject that depicts a scene or situation that is not realistic, in being unlikely or impossible to occur in the RealWorld. NOTE: ''Surrealistic'' is an attribute of RealWorld stuations that are so unusual they appear as though they are being depicted in a ''Surreal'' work of art. .No comparable WN sense. RHW 'surrealistic': 2. having features typical or reminiscent of those depicted in surrealistic painting or drawing: the moon's surrealistic landscape. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unusual . :Surrendering :guid "bd5e0b60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "give up9v", "surrender1v" ; :wordnet "give up", "surrender" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of both #$HumanActivity and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Surrendering is an event in which one agent voluntarily gives himself/herself/itself up into the power of another agent. This is specifically the Action of allowing oneself to be taken prisoner by some other Person of group, whether or not any active resistance was previously attempted. Broadly for people voluntarily going to the police to be taken into sustody, or being taken by force, or any case where people fought others (as in war - see subtype ''SurrenderingAfteraFight'') and gave up to be taken prisoner. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'surrender' in WordNet: 1. (5) surrender, give up - (give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another; 'The last Taleban fighters finally surrendered') WN verb 'yield': 12. yield - (cease opposition; stop fighting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, :TransferOfControl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :SurrenderingAfteraFight :wnsense "capitulation2n", "fall8n", "give up9v", "surrender1v", "surrender4n" ; :wordnet "capitulation", "fall", "give up", "surrender" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SurrenderingAfteraFight'' is a 'LosingaContest' in which the losing party admits defeat and ceases to fight, in exchange for some promise ('terms') to not treat them as harshly as mght be done if they fought to the end and lost anyway. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'surrender' in WordNet: 1. (5) surrender, give up - (give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another; 'The last Taleban fighters finally surrendered') WN noun 'surrender': 4. capitulation, fall, surrender - (the act of surrendering (under agreed conditions); 'they were protected until the capitulation of the fort') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LosingaContest, :QuittingAction, :Surrendering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConflictEvent ] . :SurrenderingaPrisoner :wnsense "surrender3n" ; :wordnet "surrender" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SurrenderingaPrisoner'' is a ''ConcedingSomething'' in which the thing surrendered is a Person in the custody of someone delivered to some other agent - usually a governmental Agency or Authority. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'surrender' in WordNet: 3. surrender - (the delivery of a principal into lawful custody) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConcedingSomething, :TransferOfControl, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Prisoner ] . :Surreptitious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :isTheOppositeOf :PubliclyKnown ; :wnsense "furtive1adj", "sneaky1adj", "stealthy1adj", "surreptitious1adj" ; :wordnet "furtive", "sneaky", "stealthy", "surreptitious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Surreptitious' is an attribute of Actions that are known to only a few people and are not made public. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surreptitious' in WordNet: 1. furtive, sneak, sneaky, stealthy, surreptitious - (marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed; 'a furtive manner'; 'a sneak attack'; 'stealthy footsteps'; 'a surreptitious glance at his watch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Secret . :Surreptitiously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Surreptitious ; :wnsense "furtively1adv", "on the sly1adv", "sneakily1adv", "stealthily1adv", "surreptitiously1adv" ; :wordnet "furtively", "on the sly", "sneakily", "stealthily", "surreptitiously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Surreptitiously'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify Actions indicate that the Action was performed so as to avoid notice by some other Person(s). Correspond to adverb sense 1 of'surreptitiously' in WordNet: 1. (1) surreptitiously, sneakily - (in a surreptitious manner; 'he was watching her surreptitiously as she waited in the hotel lobby') WN adv 'furtively': 1. (1) furtively, on the sly - (in a furtive manner; 'the soldiers were furtively crawling through the night') WN adv 'stealthily': 1. (3) stealthily - (in a stealthy manner; 'stealthily they advanced upstream') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Surrogate :wnsense "alternate1n", "replacement3n", "surrogate1n" ; :wordnet "alternate", "replacement", "surrogate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Surrogate'' is a ''Reliever'' who performs an action in place of a Person who usually performs that action. This is often a one-time Action, and is not a formal 'deputy' who is appointed by some authority. Someone who (improperly or illegally) takes a test for another person is a ''Surrogate'. one subtype: 'surrogate mother' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surrogate' in WordNet: 1. surrogate, alternate, replacement - (someone who takes the place of another person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reliever . :Surrounding :isAnAttributeValueOf :Object ; :wnsense "circumferent1n", "encompassing2adj", "surrounding1adj" ; :wordnet "circumferent", "encompassing", "surrounding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Surrounding'' is an attribute of some object or regions that is located around another object (the surrounded object) on all sides; this can be in a planar region or in a three-dimensonal region. see the ObjectProperties whose labels start with 'surrounds'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'surrounding' in WordNet: 1. (12) encompassing, surrounding, circumferent - (closely encircling; 'encompassing mountain ranges'; 'the surrounding countryside') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjacent . :SurroundingSomething :wnsense "circle3v", "encircle1v", "environ1v", "ring4v", "surround1v" ; :wordnet "circle", "encircle", "environ", "ring", "surround" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SurroundingSomething' is an Action that creates a PhysicalObject (which could be a Group of PhysicalObjects) that more or less continuously surrounds something on the surface of the Earth. This can be building a wall or fence around an area, or perhaps a ring of objects, including a GroupOfPeople, around some other object; in this case the ring would be an ObjectGroup which would be considered as the PhysicalObject created. The surrounding object(s) can be dismantled or dispersed at any time after the 'SurroundingSomething' Event. there are several relations starting with 'surrounds' that can relate the surrounding object created to the thing surrounded. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surround' in WordNet: 1. (14) surround, environ, encircle, circle, round, ring - (be around; 'Developments surround the town'; 'The river encircles the village') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingaPhysicalObject, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere . :SurroundingWall :ldoce "wall" ; :wnsense "wall2n", "wall4n" ; :wordnet "wall" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SurroundingWall' is a vertical 'Wall-GenericBarrier' That is not part of an enclosed structure (though it may have some smallish compartments attached), that is designed to prevent movement on to or from some area of ground. It may or may not create an 'Enclosure', as this type is not required to completely surround an area. This includes the typical 'wall' that is outside a residence or residential compound. Includes noun senses 2 and 4 of 'wall' in WordNet: 2. (136) rampart, bulwark, wall - (an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes; 'they stormed the ramparts of the city'; 'they blew the trumpet and the walls came tumbling down') 4. (22) wall - (a masonry fence (as around an estate or garden); 'the wall followed the road'; 'he ducked behind the garden wall and waited') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surrounding ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Surveillance :en "keep tabs on", "keep under surveillance", "keeping tabs on" ; :wnsense "follow21v", "surveil1v", "surveillance1n", "survey3v" ; :wordnet "follow", "surveil", "surveillance", "survey" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Surveillance'' is a close ''Monitoring'' by Police or other authority to get information about possible unlawful activity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surveillance' and verb sense 1 of 'surveil' in WordNet: 1. (2) surveillance - (close observation of a person or group (usually by the police)) WN verb 'surveil': 1. surveil, follow, survey - (keep under surveillance; 'The police had been following him for weeks but they could not prove his involvement in the bombing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Monitoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :LawEnforcementOrganization ] . :Surveying :wnsense "appraise2v", "survey1n", "survey1v", "survey2v" ; :wordnet "appraise", "survey" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Surveying' is an ''InformationGathering'' that attempts to consider and analyze data from some large collection of things, Events or Objects, to find regularities that provide new information. Corresponds to verb senses 1 and 2 and noun sense 1 of 'survey ' in WordNet: 1. (6) survey, appraise - (consider in a comprehensive way; 'He appraised the situation carefully before acting') 2. (5) survey - (look over in a comprehensively, inspect; 'He surveyed his new classmates') WN noun 'survey': 1. (5) survey, study - (a detailed critical inspection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataAnalysis, :InformationGathering, :Investigation, :Studying . :SurveyingLand :wnsense "survey6v" ; :wordnet "survey" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''SurveyingLand'' is a ''Measuring'' that determines the location of boundaries of a ''Tract'' of land, and the distances between them. RHW sense 4 of 'survey': 4. to determine the exact form, boundaries, position, extent, etc., of (a tract of land, section of a country, etc.) by linear and angular measurements and the application of the principles of geometry and trigonometry. noun: 10. the act of determining the exact form, boundaries, position, etc., as of a tract of land or section of a country, by linear measurements, angular measurements, etc. To add: produces: RHW noun 'survey': 11. the plan or description resulting from such an operation. Corresponds to verb sense 6 of 'survey' in WordNet: 6. survey - (plot a map of (land)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measuring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MeasuringDevice :DeviceType :TapeMeasure ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surveyor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Surveyor :wnsense "surveyor1n" ; :wordnet "surveyor" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Surveyor'' is an Engineer who performs ''SurveyingLand'' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surveyor' in WordNet: 1. (2) surveyor - (an engineer who determines the boundaries and elevations of land or structures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Merchant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurveyingLand ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Surviving :en "staying alive", "surviving" ; :wnsense "endure3v", "hold out5v", "live on1v", "survive1v" ; :wordnet "endure", "hold out", "live on", "survive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Surviving'' is the subtype of ''Living'' in which a ''LifeForm'' (usually a ''Organism'') continues to live. Using this type suggests that the continuation of ''Living'' occurred in spite of some difficulty that may have killed the ''LifeForm''. The 'DifficultSituation' pointed to by the ''impliesPriorEventType'' relation could be of any type such as a statistical probability of dying. To call it 'surviving' should only be used if the chances of surviving the ''DifficultSituation'' are less than without the ''DifficultSituation'' - but that situation need not be specified. If one lives on until a time when surviving is not unusual, it should just be referred to as 'X lived until Y years of age' or some similar. NOTE that the use of 'survive' to mean cultures continuing on can be considered as metaphorical. Logically, ''Continuation'' can be used for that. The meaning of 'survivor' more strongly suggests a serious DifcultSituation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'survive' in WordNet: 1. (20) survive, last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up, hold out - (continue to live; endure or last; 'We went without water and food for 3 days'; 'These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America'; 'The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents'; 'how long can a person last without food and water?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Continuation, :Living, :StayingInaState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alive ; owl:onProperty :hasConstantAttributeOrLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DifficultSituation ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ] . :Survivor :wnsense "survivor1n" ; :wordnet "survivor" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Animal (usually applied to people) who survives some DifficultSituation that could cause Death - i.e. one who performs a ''Surviving'' action. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'survivor' in WordNet: 1. (3) survivor, subsister - (one who lives through affliction; 'the survivors of the fire were taken to a hospital') 3. (1) survivor - (an animal that survives in spite of adversity; 'only the fittest animals were survivors of the cold winters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surviving ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Susceptible :isTheOppositeOf :Resistant ; :wnsense "susceptible1adj" ; :wordnet "susceptible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Susceptible' is the parent category of AttributeValues that specify an ability to be the patient of some action - indicating a suceptibility or tendency or propensity. Thus 'breakable' is a susceptibility to undergo a 'BreakingEvent'. These AttributeValues can be related by the relation 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo' to the Event that they can be patients in. For being susceptible to some bad or damaging event, the subtype ''Vulnerable'' includes the notion of 'at risk'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'susceptible' in WordNet: 1. (2) susceptible - - ((often followed by 'of' or 'to') yielding readily to or capable of; 'susceptible to colds'; 'susceptible of proof') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SusceptibleToaDisease :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :AilmentCondition ; :isTheOppositeOf :Immune-Resistant, :ResistantToDisease ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''SusceptibleToDisease'' is the generic AttributeValue of an organism that is not ''ResistantToaDisease'' - this pertains to a specific disease becausea all Organisms are susceptbleto some form of disease. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Susceptible . :Sushi :wnsense "sushi1n" ; :wordnet "sushi" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a substance and an Object made of (''consistsOf'') that substance. This type ''Sushi'' is a substance (a''Food''). An Object consisting of''Sushi'' is represented as ''SushiDish''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sushi' in WordNet: 1. (1) sushi - (rice (with raw fish) wrapped in seaweed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EthnicFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rice-Foodstuff ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fish-TheFood ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Japan ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ] . :SushiDish :wnsense "sushi1n" ; :wordnet "sushi" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a substance and an Object made of (''consissOf'') that substance. This type ''Sushi'' is a substance (a''Food''). An Object consisting of''Sushi'' is represented as ''SushiDish''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sushi' in WordNet: 1. (1) sushi - (rice (with raw fish) wrapped in seaweed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood . :SusitnaRiver :guid "bd58ba28-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """A river in Alaska, one of U.S. rivers with largest flow and major river of N America""" . :Suspect :wnsense "suspect1n" ; :wordnet "suspect" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Suspect'' is a Person who is the object of a ''SuspectingaSuspect'' Action. Not necessarily an ''AccusedCriminal''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspect' in WordNet: 1. (1) suspect - (someone who is under suspicion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SuspectingaSuspect ; owl:onProperty :experienced ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SuspicionOfGuilt ; owl:onProperty :isTheMainTopicOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BadGuy ; owl:onProperty :mayFillTheRoleOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnderSuspicion ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Suspected :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SuspectingSomething ; :wnsense "suspected1adj" ; :wordnet "suspected" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of something that is the main object of a ''SuspectingSomething'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspected' in WordNet: 1. suspected - (believed likely; 'a suspected thief'; 'a suspected infection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :SuspectingSomething :wnsense "surmise2v", "suspect1v" ; :wordnet "surmise", "suspect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Suspecting'' is a combination of ''Guessing'' (because here is some but only a little evidence) and ''Assuming'' because there is some phenomenon to be explained. The degree of belief in a ''SuspectingSomething'' is too weak for it to be a ''Believing'', so the topic is only a ''Suspicion''. A Person who is ''SuspectingSomething'' is ''Suspicious'' so that Attribute does not necessarily imply that the thing suspected is something bad. These can be dissected in more detail. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'suspect' in WordNet: 1. (5) suspect, surmise - (imagine to be the case or true or probable; 'I suspect he is a fugitive'; 'I surmised that the butler did it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assuming, :Guessing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Suspicion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ; owl:someValuesFrom :Suspicious ] . :SuspectingaSuspect :wnsense "surmise2v", "suspect1v" ; :wordnet "surmise", "suspect" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SuspectingaSuspect'' is a ''Suspecting'' in which the gramatical object of the verb is a Person who is 'suspected' to have committed a crime. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'suspect' in WordNet: 1. (5) suspect, surmise - (imagine to be the case or true or probable; 'I suspect he is a fugitive'; 'I surmised that the butler did it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SuspectingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :AntisocialAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Suspect ] . :Suspended :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SuspendingaSubstance ; :wnsense "suspended1adj" ; :wordnet "suspended" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Suspended'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of something that has experienced a ''SuspendingaSubstance'' Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'suspended' in Wordnet: 1. (14) suspended - ((of undissolved particles in a fluid) supported or kept from sinking or falling by buoyancy and without apparent attachment; 'suspended matter such as silt or mud...'; 'dust particles suspended in the air'; 'droplets in suspension in a gas') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixed . :Suspenders :en "suspenders" ; :guid "bd5883af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "brace6n", "gallus1n", "suspender1n" ; :wordnet "brace", "gallus", "suspender" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all suspenders, an article of clothing used to hold up pants and sometime - decoratively - skirts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspenders' in WordNet: 1. brace, suspender, gallus - (elastic straps that hold trousers up (usually used in the plural)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :FlexibleObject, :HolderGripper, :RibbonlikeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingUpPants ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :SuspendingLine :en "suspending string" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SuspendingLine'' is a ''StringOrLine'' that is used to suspend 'some*Object' from another SolidObject that is above the object suspended and supports 'some*Object'. It may or may not be permanently attached to 'some*Object'. The lines holding a 'swing' are examples. NOTE: to represent a ''SuspendingLine'' that is a ''PieceOfString'' the object can be made an instance of both types. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StringOrLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :SuspendingaSubstance :wnsense "suspend2v" ; :wordnet "suspend" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SuspendingaSubstance'' is an Action in which a ''IntelligentAgent'' (which could be an automaton) causes some quantity of PhysicalObject to become ''Suspended'' in a liquid. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'suspend' in WordNet: 2. (4) suspend - (cause to be held in suspension in a fluid; 'suspend the particles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntelligentAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidSuspension ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParticulateMatter ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suspended ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Suspense :wnsense "suspense3n" ; :wordnet "suspense" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Feeling combining strong interest with a mixture of slight fear and hope about the outcome of a story or of an Event in the ''RealWOrld''. In the case of a fictional story the events, good or bad, do not cause the kind of deep apprehension that could occur in observers of events in our ''RealWorld'' (such as watching a fire in a large building). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'suspense' in WordNet: 3. suspense - (excited anticipation of an approaching climax; 'the play kept the audience in suspense') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expectation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Climax :EventType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suspenseful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Suspenseful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event, :Movie, :Narrative, :Suspense ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Suspense ; :wnsense "cliff-hanging1adj", "nail-biting1adj", "suspenseful1adj", "suspensive1adj" ; :wordnet "cliff-hanging", "nail-biting", "suspenseful", "suspensive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Suspenseful'' is an AttributeValue of Events, especially of performances of stories in movies or the stage, and of books and stories generally. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'suspenseful' in Wordnet: 1. cliff-hanging, suspenseful, suspensive, nail-biting - ((of a situation) characterized by or causing suspense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interesting . :Suspension :guid "bd58bfca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "suspension1n" ; :wordnet "suspension" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A gas or liquid containing suspended particles; For simplicity a dried suspension is also categorized as Suspension, so that dried paint can be considered as a subtype of 'Paint'. For representing only liquid suspensions, use 'LiquidSuspension'. Cyc: A collection of tangible stuffs; a subcollection of #$Mixture. Each instance of #$Suspension is a mixture which has exactly one #$suspendingFluid and at least one kind of #$suspendedPart. Each of the #$suspendedParts is an instance of #$Particle, and there are a mob of them. Some suspensions are fairly stable (e.g., mayonnaise), while others tend to separate quickly (e.g., sugar stirred into cold lemonade). Other examples of #$Suspension include a #$CloudInSky, a spray of aerosol deodorant. In SUMO Suspension is only a liquid: see LiquidSuspension. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspension' in Wordnet: 1. (12) suspension - (a mixture in which fine particles are suspended in a fluid where they are supported by buoyancy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidSubstance, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ParticulateMatter ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Suspicion :wnsense "hunch1n", "intuition2n", "suspicion1n" ; :wordnet "hunch", "intuition", "suspicion" ; a :ContextType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Suspicion'' is a ''Notion'' (a weak ''Belief'') that some state of affairs is true. This is a''MentalObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspicion' in WordNet: 1. (11) intuition, hunch, suspicion - (an impression that something might be the case; 'he had an intuition that something had gone wrong') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :Notion, :Proposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SuspectingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opinion ; owl:onProperty :isLessIntenseThan ] . :SuspicionOfGuilt :wnsense "suspicion1n" ; :wordnet "suspicion" ; a :ContextType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SuspicionOfGuilt'' is a ''Suspicion'' that someone (a ''Suspect'') is ''Guilty'' (has the ''Responsibity'') of committing an ''AntisocialAction'' (e.g. a ''Crime''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'suspicion' in WordNet: 1. (11) intuition, hunch, suspicion - (an impression that something might be the case; 'he had an intuition that something had gone wrong') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suspicion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :SuspectingaSuspect ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Responsibility ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Suspect ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :AntisocialAction ] . :Suspicious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :SuspectingSomething ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :Trust ; :wnsense "leery1adj", "mistrustful1adj", "suspicious1adj", "untrusting1adj", "wary2adj" ; :wordnet "leery", "mistrustful", "suspicious", "untrusting", "wary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Suspicious'' is an attribute of a Person who is experiencing ''SuspectingSomething'' - especially when s/he encounters something ''Fishy''. (''Suspicion'' is a mental object,not a Feeling). Correspond to adjective sense 1 of'suspicious' in WordNet: 1. (3) leery, mistrustful, suspicious, untrusting, wary - (openly distrustful and unwilling to confide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skeptical . :SusquehannaRiver :flowsInto :AtlanticOcean ; :guid "bd58b5e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """river of the eastern U.S. whose drowned lower course forms Chesapeake Bay""" . :Sustainability :wnsense "sustainability1n" ; :wordnet "sustainability" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sustainability'' is a ''Quality'' that expresses the the degree to which some activity can be continued (''SustainingAnActivity'') without stopping due to some necessary condition no longer being present. This is usually used when the activity itself does not cause changes in conditions so as to reduce its ability to continue, as with emitting pollution or depletion of some resource. If a resource is 'renewable' then an activity using that resource might be ''Sustainable''; Activity systems using a resource and including a way to renew the resource would have the quality of ''Sustainability''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sustainability' in WordNet: 1. sustainability - (the property of being sustainable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sustainable ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Sustainable :isAnAttributeOfSomethingWithQuality :Sustainability ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :SustainingAnActivity ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :SustainingAnActivity ; :wnsense "sustainable1adj" ; :wordnet "sustainable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Asserting the AttributeValue ''Sustainable'' asserts that the Activity thus characterized is able to be prolonged, i.e. it can be patient of a ''SustainingAnActivity''Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sustainable' in Wordnet: 1. sustainable - (capable of being sustained) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Sustained :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SustainingAnActivity ; :wnsense "sustained1adj" ; :wordnet "sustained" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of descriptions or arguments that have experienced ''Oversimplifying''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sustained' in Wordnet: 1. sustained - (maintained at length without interruption or weakening; 'sustained flight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime, :PastParticiple . :SustainingAnActivity :en "continue acting" ; :ldoce "continue" ; :wnsense "bear on4v", "carry on2v", "continue3v", "keep up2v", "preserve1v", "prolong2v", "sustain1v", "uphold1v" ; :wordnet "bear on", "carry on", "continue", "keep up", "preserve", "prolong", "sustain", "uphold" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SustainingAnActivity'' is an is a Continuation of an Action, including anything that takes some kind of effort to continue, and also is an ''ExtendingaTimeInterval'' in which significant effort needed to be extended in order to continue the activity beyond some original time when the activity might stop.. Includes verb sense 2 of 'carry on' and sense 2 of 'keep up' in WordNet: 2. (1) continue, uphold, carry on, bear on, preserve - (keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last; 'preserve the peace in the family'; 'continue the family tradition'; 'Carry on the old traditions') WN verb 'keep up': 2. (5) prolong, sustain, keep up - (lengthen or extend in duration or space; 'We sustained the diplomatic negotiations as long as possible'; 'prolong the treatment of the patient'; 'keep up the good work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Continuation, :ExtendingaTimeInterval . :SvalbardAndJanMayenIslands a :Country . :Swab :wnsense "swab1n" ; :wordnet "swab" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Swab'' is a marble-sized to finger-sized 'AbsorbentObject'' (oten made of Cotton) used to hold and apply small qantities of liquid to a surface of some kind - for applying medications, the surface would be skin, but this can be used for other purposes such as applying small amounts of paint or disinfectant to other surfaces. This is usually Cotton (for commercial swabs) but can be of other absorbant material. IT may or may not be attached to a stick (such as in a 'Q-Tip') to allow applying small quantities of medication, or to take small samples of body fluid. That could be a sutype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swab' in WordNet: 1. swab - (implement consisting of a small piece of cotton that is used to apply medication or cleanse a wound or obtain a specimen of a secretion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsorbentObject, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swabbing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Swabbing :wnsense "swab2v" ; :wordnet "swab" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Swabbing'' is a 'Dabbing'' (an ''ApplyingStuffToSurface'') where the of stuff (a liquid) is applied using a small 'swab' of some kind (such as a ''CottonSwab''). NOTE: to 'swab' requires a 'swab' of some kind, Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'swab' in WordNet: 1. (2) dab, swab, swob - (apply (usually a liquid) to a surface; 'dab the wall with paint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dabbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swab ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :SwabbingWithaMop :eng "swabbing" ; :wnsense "swab2v", "swob1v" ; :wordnet "swab", "swob" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SwabbingWithaMop'' is an Action similar to ''MoppingaFloor'' but the surface cleaned may be something other than a floor - in particular, this is used for cleaning the 'Deck'' of a ship - and the action is not as meticulous as that performed for cleaning a floor in a building. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'swab' in WordNet: 1. (2) dab, swab, swob - (apply (usually a liquid) to a surface; 'dab the wall with paint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningaSurfaceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom :Mop ] . :SwabbingWithaSwab :wnsense "swab2v" ; :wordnet "swab" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SwabbingWithaSwab'' is an Action but the surface cleaned \"mop\" Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'swab' in WordNet: 1. (2) dab, swab, swob - (apply (usually a liquid) to a surface; 'dab the wall with paint') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingStuffToSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom :Swab ] . :Swaggering :wnsense "bluster3v", "swagger3v", "swash4v" ; :wordnet "bluster", "swagger", "swash" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Swaggering'' is a ''Behavior'' of a Person that exhibits pride and arrogance (a form of pride). Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'swagger' in WordNet: 3. swagger, bluster, swash - (act in an arrogant, overly self-assured, or conceited manner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Behavior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pride ; owl:onProperty :exhibitsEmotion ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arrogance ; owl:onProperty :exhibitsEmotion ] . :Swahili :wasCreatedBy :SwahiliSpeakers ; :wnsense "Swahili1n" ; :wordnet "Swahili" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Swahili' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Swahili - (the most widely spoken Bantu languages; the official language of Kenya and Tanzania and widely used as a lingua franca in east and central Africa) """ . :SwahiliSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Swallow :wnsense "swallow1n" ; :wordnet "swallow" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of several species of bird. Corresponds to noun entry 2 for 'swallow' in RHW:5 any of numerous small, long-winged passerine birds of the family Hirundinidae, noted for their swift, graceful flight and for the extent and regularity of their migrations. Cf. bank swallow, barn swallow, martin. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'swallow' in WordNet: 3. swallow - (small long-winged songbird noted for swift graceful flight and the regularity of its migrations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :Swallowing :en "swallowing" ; :guid "bd58a44f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deglutition1n", "drink5n", "get down4v", "swallow1v", "swallow2n" ; :wordnet "deglutition", "drink", "get down", "swallow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An act of ''Swallowing'' is the constricting of throat muscles so that the foood or drink in the mouth passes into the esophagus toward the stomach. COSMO note: for this 'swallowing' the thing swallowed is not necessarily food (e.g. swallowing a pill such as a vitamin or drug, or a metal pellet). For swallowing food, use 'SwallowingFood'. Swallowing must proceed through the mouth. CYC: A specialization of both #$BodilyFunctionEvent and #$BodyMovementEvent. Each instance of #$Swallowing is an event in which an #$Animal moves a solid or a liquid from its #$Mouth to its #$Stomach. Includes but is not limited to verb sense 1 of 'swallow' in WordNet, which appears to only apply to food: in WordNet: 1. (12) swallow, get down - (pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking; 'Swallow the raw fish-it won't kill you!') WN noun 'swallow': 2. (1) swallow, drink, deglutition - (the act of swallowing; 'one swallow of the liquid was enough'; 'he took a drink of his beer and smacked his lips') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActingOnSomething, :BiologicalIntakeEvent, :BodilyFunctionEvent, :BodyMovementEvent, :ConsumingFoodOrDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Esophagus ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :usesSenseOrOrgan ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouthful ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Food :FoodObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :SwallowingFood :ldoce "swallow" ; :wnsense "swallow1v" ; :wordnet "swallow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SwallowingFood' is that part of eating food in which the food passes from the mouth through the esophagus. To the stomach. This sense is restricted to food; for swallowing non-food items, the parent type 'Swallowing' can be used. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'swallow' in WordNet: 1. (12) swallow, get down - (pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking; 'Swallow the raw fish - it won't kill you!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ingesting, :Swallowing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :FoodObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConsumingFoodOrDrink ] . :Swamp :guid "c10c27c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "swamp1n" ; :wordnet "swamp" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Region in which are sections of BodyOfWater, interspersed with portions of land and vegetation, including trees. Cyc: An area characterized by shallow water, vegetation, small patches of dry land, mud. SUMO: Swamp is a subclass of StaticWaterAreas that are stagnant and relatively shallow. They are situated in low, wet land with grasses and possibly trees as vegetation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swamp' in Wordnet: 1. (4) swamp, swampland - (low land that is seasonally flooded; has more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Forest, :Wetlands, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Swan :guid "bd58c4e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "swan1n" ; :wordnet "swan" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Usually white; rare black individuals are known. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swan' in WordNet: 1. (1) swan - (stately heavy-bodied aquatic bird with very long neck and usually white plumage as adult) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Waterfowl . :Swarm :wnsense "swarm1n", "swarm2n" ; :wordnet "swarm" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfAnimals of sufficient number that they cause or can cause harm, discomfort, or annoyance to people. This can include people or non-human animals. Groups of Animals larger than people are not usually referred to as a 'swarm'. (they are often called a 'herd') Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'swarm' in WordNet: 1. (1) drove, horde, swarm - (a moving crowd) 2. (1) swarm, cloud - (a group of many insects; 'a swarm of insects obscured the light'; 'a cloud of butterflies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Animal ; owl:minCardinality "5"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Swashing :wnsense "swash1v" ; :wordnet "swash" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Swashing'' is to repetitively emit a ''SplashingSound'' like that of water splashing around. This is, for example, an action performed by a home ''WashingMachine'' that cycles blades back and forth in a tub of water. Corresponds appoximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'swash' in WordNet: 1. swash - (make violent, noisy movements) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SplashingSound ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedWave ] . :Swastika :en "swastika" ; :enn "swastika" ; :guid "c1005ffe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Originally (and still) a Hindu symbol of auspiciousness/good luck, believed to have come originally from the pictogram denoting a flock of geese in flight. In the 20th century, it is appropriated by Nazi theorists as a symbol of Aryan supremacy. Because of Nazi beliefs and atrocities, the swastika is now a symbol of right-wing German nationalism and anti-semitism, etc. This is the generic 'swastika' symbol, including the Indian version as well as the later Nazi symbol (see subtype ''NaziSwastika''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharpAngled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Swath :wnsense "swath1n" ; :wordnet "swath" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Swath'' is a ''SpatialArea'' cleared of Objects by some manner of removal (a ''RemovingPhysically''). The WN gloss specifically represents the path through vegetation caused by some ''CuttingDevice''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swath' in WordNet: 1. swath - (the space created by the swing of a scythe or the cut of a mowing machine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RemovingPhysically ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :SwattingInsects :en "swat flies", "swatting flies", "swatting insects" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SwattingInsects'' is a ''SwattingSomething'' in which an ''Insect'' (typically flies or mosquitoes) are struck and usually killed, using a ''FlySwatter'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SwattingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Insect :Fly :Mosquito :ArthropodType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlySwatter ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :SwattingSomething :eng "swatting" ; :wnsense "swat1v" ; :wordnet "swat" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SwattingSomething'' is a ''Smacking'' with one quick move of the hand, either with the palm of one's hand, or a flat-surfaced object such as a ''FlySwatter''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'swat' in WordNet: 1. swat - (hit swiftly with a violent blow; \"Swat flies\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Smacking . :Swaying :wnsense "rock1v", "shake4v", "sway1v" ; :wordnet "rock", "shake", "sway" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Swaying' is a 'ShakingMotion' performed by a RigidObject that is taller than it is wide and is fixed by gravity or some anchoring connector to the ground or floor, such that the top of the object moves back and forth in a reversing motion that is not fast - cycle time no less than 0.4 second.. This is done for example by trees in a wind, or tall structures in an earthquake. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sway' in WordNet: 1. (5) rock, sway, shake - (move back and forth or sideways; 'the ship was rocking'; 'the tall building swayed'; 'She rocked back and forth on her feet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :ShakingMotion, :Swinging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wobbly ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :Swaziland :hasISO3166_Digraph "SZ" ; :wnsense "Swaziland1n" ; :wordnet "Swaziland" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Swaziland' in Wordnet: 1. Swaziland, Kingdom of Swaziland - (a landlocked monarchy in southeastern Africa; member of the commonwealth that achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1968) """ . :Sweat :guid "bd58c9b5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "perspiration1n", "sweat1n" ; :wordnet "perspiration", "sweat" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Slightly salty solution excreted by the sweat glands of animals, especially in hot environments or during vigorous exertion. Cyc: By definition this is a liquid. If sweat freezes or evaporates then it becomes (#$GaseousFn #$Water-Saline) or (#$SolidFn #$Water-Saline). In case you haven't caught on by by now, #$Sweat is the fluid excreted from the sweat glands of the skin. SUMO: An AnimalSubstance that contains SodiumChloride and is produced by the sweat glands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweat' in Wordnet: 1. (11) perspiration, sweat, sudor - (salty fluid secreted by sweat glands; 'sweat poured off his brow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSubstance, :BodyFluid, :BodySurfaceSubstance, :ExcretionSubstance, :LiquidSubstance, :Secretion-Bodily, :Water-Saline . :Sweater :guid "bd59018a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sweater1n" ; :wordnet "sweater" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all sweaters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweater' in WordNet: 1. (1) sweater - (a crocheted or knitted garment covering the upper part of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Top, :DurableGood, :EnvelopingCovering, :WarmClothingItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chest-BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :Sweating :en "perspiring", "sweating" ; :guid "bd58f137-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "diaphoresis1n", "hidrosis1n", "perspiration2n", "perspire1v", "sudate1v", "sudation1n", "sweat1v", "sweating1n" ; :wordnet "diaphoresis", "hidrosis", "perspiration", "perspire", "sudate", "sudation", "sweat", "sweating" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The excretion of sweat from the skin. It is an animal activity. This is for 'Sweating'' sufficient to get ''Sweaty''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweat' in Wordnet: 1. (5) sweat, sudate, perspire - (excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin; 'Exercise makes one sweat') WN 'perspiration': 2. perspiration, sweating, diaphoresis, sudation, hidrosis - (the process of the sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid; 'perspiration is a homeostatic process') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary, :EmittingStuff, :SecretionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sweaty ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :Sweatshirt :wnsense "sweatshirt1n" ; :wordnet "sweatshirt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweatshirt' in WordNet: 1. (2) sweatshirt - (cotton knit pullover with long sleeves worn during athletic activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pullover, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cotton ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Sweaty :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Sweating ; :wnsense "perspiring1adj", "sweating1adj", "sweaty1adj" ; :wordnet "perspiring", "sweating", "sweaty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'sweaty' in Wordnet: 1. (4) perspiring, sweating, sweaty - (being wet with perspiration; 'the perspiring runners'; 'his sweating face'; 'sweaty clothes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wet . :Sweden :hasISO3166_Digraph "SE" ; :wnsense "Sweden1n" ; :wordnet "Sweden" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Sweden' in Wordnet: 1. (9) Sweden, Kingdom of Sweden, Sverige - (a Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula) """ . :Swedish :wasCreatedBy :SwedishSpeakers ; :wnsense "Swedish1n" ; :wordnet "Swedish" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Swedish' in Wordnet: 1. Swedish - (a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Sweden and one of two official languages of Finland) """ . :SwedishSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Sweeping :en "sweeping" ; :guid "bd58bd0f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sweep" ; :wnsense "sweep3v" ; :wordnet "sweep" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of removing particles or larger objects from a surface with a brush or broom or other device (e.g. a ''Rake'') that functions similarly. This includes sweeping streets with a motorized street-sweeper. The more specific subtypes (e.g. sweeping the floor) are not yet (rev891) represented in COSMO. In CYC 'SweepingAnArea'. - more specific than this COSMO type CYC: The collection of sweeping-an-area-clean-with-a-broom events. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'sweep' in WordNet: 3. (5) sweep, broom - (sweep with a broom or as if with a broom; 'Sweep the crumbs off the table'; 'Sweep under the bed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brushing, :CleaningEvent, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ; owl:someValuesFrom :Surface-Physical ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrushOrBroom ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ] . :SweepingIntoaContainer :en "sweeping up" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of removing particles from a surface with a brush or broom directly into a container, usually a ''DustPan'' or something that functions as a dustpan. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sweeping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DustPan ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ] . :SweetBasil :wnsense "Ocimum basilicum1n", "common basil1n", "sweet basil1n" ; :wordnet "Ocimum basilicum", "common basil", "sweet basil" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweet basil' in WordNet: 1. common basil, sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum - (annual or perennial of tropical Asia having spikes of small white flowers and aromatic leaves; one of the most important culinary herbs; used in salads, casseroles, sauces and some liqueurs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BasilPlant . :SweetFood :wnsense "confection1n", "sweet3n" ; :wordnet "confection", "sweet" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SweetFood'' is a sweet food substance that may have some nutritional value,but is consumed primarilyf or its sweet taste. This can be an artificiay sweetened fod, so does not necessarily contain sugar. Includes but is not restricted to sense 1 of 'confection' in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'confection' and sense 3 of 'sweet' in WordNet: 1. sweet, confection - (a food rich in sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SweetTastingSubstance . :SweetPea :wnsense "sweet pea1n", "sweetpea1n" ; :wordnet "sweet pea", "sweetpea" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a commonsense notion of squash, i.e. including pumpkins, but not cucumbers, Zucchini, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweet pea' in WordNet: 1. sweet pea, sweetpea, Lathyrus odoratus - (climbing garden plant having fragrant pastel-colored flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vine . :SweetPotato :wnsense "sweet potato2n" ; :wordnet "sweet potato" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A round edible tuber obtained from the SweetPotatoPlant. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sweet potato' in WordNet: 2. sweet potato - (the edible tuberous root of the sweet potato vine which is grown widely in warm regions of the United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :SolidFoodObject, :Tuber, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetPotatoPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheTuberOfa ] . :SweetPotatoPlant :wnsense "sweet potato1n" ; :wordnet "sweet potato" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweet potato' in WordNet: 1. sweet potato, sweet potato vine, Ipomoea batatas - (pantropical vine widely cultivated in several varieties for its large sweet tuberous root with orange flesh) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vine . :SweetRoll :wnsense "coffee roll1n", "sweet roll1n" ; :wordnet "coffee roll", "sweet roll" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweet roll' in WordNet: 1. (1) sweet roll, coffee roll - (any of numerous yeast-raised sweet rolls with our without raisins or nuts or spices or a glaze) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roll, :SweetTastingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yeast-Raised ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :SweetTasting :guid "febc89f0-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "sweet" ; :wnsense "sweet1adj" ; :wordnet "sweet" ; a :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of objects and substances that taste sweet. This is interpreted here more broadly than just having the taste of sugar, though that will be the most common usage. Snack foods that are buttery (such as popcorn) or salty (such as crackers) with something added to enhance the pelasantness of the flavor, are included. Perhaps more specific 'sweet' concept should be added (e.g. 'sugary', distinguished from 'sugar-containing'??). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweet' in WordNet: 1. (9) sweet - (having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteAttribute . :SweetTastingObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A solid food object that tastes sweet. NOTE that there are sweet-tasting objects that are not solid food artifacts - a bottle of soda, for example. To describe the contents of such items, use 'SweetTastingSubstance' or the attribute value 'SweetTasting'""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectConsistingOfSubstance, :SolidFoodArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTastingSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :SweetTastingSubstance a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A PhysicalSubstance that tastes sweet." ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sweetener :guid "bd58f67b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "sweetener1n" ; :wordnet "sweetener" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Substances used to sweeten other ConsumableStuffs. Commonly ''Sugar'' or something containing ''Sugar'', but this includes artificial sweeteners. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweetener' in Wordnet: 1. sweetening, sweetener - (something added to foods to make them taste sweeter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodIngredientOnly, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :Sweetening :wnsense "dulcify1v", "dulcorate1v", "edulcorate1v", "sweeten1v" ; :wordnet "dulcify", "dulcorate", "edulcorate", "sweeten" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sweetening'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in which some object(s) become ''Sweet''. This can aso be used for increasing sweetness, but that is a distinction that has not yet been made (rev1273),. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sweeten' in WordNet: 1. sweeten, dulcify, edulcorate, dulcorate - (make sweeter in taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, :ImpartingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SweetTasting ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Sweetheart :wnsense "darling1n", "sweetheart1n", "sweetie1n", "truelove1n" ; :wordnet "darling", "sweetheart", "sweetie", "truelove" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Sweetheart'' is a ''LovedOne'' with whom one has (or asserts having) an exclusive romantic relationship. The relationship is usually mutual. People who are ''Sweetheart''s may or may not be married, and may or may not have sexual relations. As a limiting case, young people under the age of puberty can be 'sweehearts'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sweetheart' and part of sense 1 of 'darling' in WordNet: 1. (3) sweetheart, sweetie, steady, truelove - (a person loved by another person) WN noin 'darling': 1. (3) darling, favorite, favourite, pet, dearie, deary, ducky - (a special loved one) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LovedOne . :Swelling-Generic :ldoce "swell" ; :wnsense "swell1v", "swell3v" ; :wordnet "swell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ExpandingInVolume'' in which something increases in size by increasing the length of two or more directions, thereby increasing its volume; the cause may be internal or external. The thing swelling may be part of a larger object, such as the belly of a person. Includes verb sense 3 and part of verb sense 1 of 'swell' in WordNet: 1. (5) swell - (increase in size, magnitude, number, or intensity; 'The music swelled to a crescendo') 3. (4) swell, swell up, intumesce, tumefy, tumesce - (expand abnormally; 'The bellies of the starving children are swelling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpandingInVolume . :SwellingEvent :wnsense "intumesce2v", "swell up1v", "swell3v", "tumefy1v", "tumefy2v" ; :wordnet "intumesce", "swell", "swell up", "tumefy" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SwellingEvent''is an ''Expanding'' Event occurring on some surface part of an AnimalBody (or a internal part producing a swelling visible on the surface), that produces a ''BodySwelling''. This can be caused by any number of Events, including 'bruising' or a cancer. A swelling of an internal organ is not included here, and for now it can be represented by the parent ''Expanding'' until a specific subtype is needed. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'swell' in WordNet: 3. (4) swell, swell up, intumesce, tumefy, tumesce - (expand abnormally; 'The bellies of the starving children are swelling') WN verb 'tumefy': 1. tumefy - (cause to become very swollen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expanding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodySwelling ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwollenState ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Swift :isTheOppositeOf :Slow ; :wnsense "fleet1adj", "swift1adj" ; :wordnet "fleet", "swift" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Swift'' is an AttributeValue that attributes a rapid motion of objects or ability to move rapidly for animals. The *lexical* distinction from ''Fast'' is vague. This should be used for th abilt of an animal to move quickly - the use of 'swift' for an object would then be metaphorical, though common. For *events* or *actions* that proceed more quickly than normal or expected, use the type 'Quick'. For *objects* that are moving quickly use ''Fast''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'swift' in WordNet: 1. (15) fleet, swift - (moving very fast; 'fleet of foot'; 'the fleet scurrying of squirrels'; 'a swift current'; 'swift flight of an arrow'; 'a swift runner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Swiftness :ldoce "speed" ; :wnsense "fastness1n", "speed2n", "swiftness1n" ; :wordnet "fastness", "speed", "swiftness" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Swiftness'' includes 'speed' or 'rate' of processes that may prcoeed at rates noticeably different at different times or in different circumstances. For 'speed' meaning distance oer unit time use ''SpeedMeasure''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swiftness' in WordNet: 1. speed, swiftness, fastness - (a rate (usually rapid) at which something happens; 'the project advanced with gratifying speed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, :RateMeasure . :Swig :wnsense "draught2n", "gulp1n", "swig1n" ; :wordnet "draught", "gulp", "swig" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Swig'' is the quantity of a 'Beverage' taken into the mouth and swallowed at one gulp. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swig' in WordNet: 1. (2) gulp, draft, draught, swig - (a large and hurried swallow; \"he finished it at a single gulp\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drink . :SwimSuit :en "bathing-suit" ; :guid "bd58c44e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bathing costume1n", "bathing suit1n", "swimsuit1n" ; :wordnet "bathing costume", "bathing suit", "swimsuit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all swim suits- male and female. The terms s 'swimwear' and 'swimming costume' that label the parent ''SwimWear'' are intended to provide labels for the more generic or exotic types of clothing designed for swimming and not labeled by the labels used here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swimsuit' in Wordnet: 1. (1) swimsuit, swimwear, bathing suit, swimming costume, bathing costume - (tight fitting garment worn for swimming) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingOutfit, :SwimWear . :SwimSuit-OnePiece :guid "be01e29f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SwimSuit, :WomensClothing . :SwimWear :guid "bd87d287-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "swimming costume1n", "swimwear1n" ; :wordnet "swimming costume", "swimwear" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Garments that are worn for swimming. Includes as members #$SwimSuits and the various subpieces of any #$SwimSuits. For common types of 'swimwear' called 'bathing suit' the subtype ''SwinSuit'' can be used. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'swimwear' in WordNet: 1. swimsuit, swimwear, bathing suit, swimming costume, bathing costume - (tight fitting garment worn for swimming) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing, :DurableGood . :SwimmableWaterObject a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'SwimmableWaterObject' is a quantity of Water large enough for a person to swim in, contained in some natural or artifactual container such as a swimming pool. This contains mostly water, but will also include a part of the object which serves as container ; thus it is a subtype of 'ContainerAndContents'. To adhere to common usage, however, the portion of the container that is part of the SwimmableWaterObject will be a very small fraction, so that a SwimmableWaterObject can be considered as a LiquidObject. We set the minimum diameter as 1 meter, so that small above-ground pools where children can swim will be included. Since this is swimmable also by small animals, the swimming animal does not have to be a person. But the 'swimming' performed by insects is not included. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, :WaterObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "200"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Swimmer :guid "bd58adf1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bather1n", "natator1n", "swimmer2n" ; :wordnet "bather", "natator", "swimmer" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Swimmer'' is a ''Person'' that is performing a ''Swimming'' Action, or Performs a ''Swimming'' Action often or as a sport or profession, or is proficient in ''Swimming''. For non-human things that swim, a parent type (e.g. 'GenericSwimmer'') could be created. CYC: The collection of persons who are trained in swimming, and who do it cosistently and with dedication, possibly competitively. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swimmer' in WordNet: 2. swimmer, natator, bather - (a person who travels through the water by swimming; 'he is not a good swimmer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swimming ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Swimming :CYC "Swimming-Generic" ; :en "swimming" ; :guid "bd58e28e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "swim" ; :wnsense "swim1v" ; :wordnet "swim" ; a :ActionType, :AnimalMotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Swimming-Generic': Elements are instances of #$LocomotionProcess-Animal in which an #$Animal agent moves through water, typically by moving (some of) its appendages. Swimming can occur underwater, so this is not restricted to swimming on top the water surface. The use of ''occursAt'' the WaterSurface here means that it occurs near the water surface. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'swim' in WordNet: 1. (12) swim - (travel through water; 'We had to swim for 20 minutes to reach the shore'; 'a big fish was swimming in the tank') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloatingOnaLiquid, :LocomotionProcess-Animal, :MovingOnTheWaterSurface, :RecreationalActivity, :VoluntaryBodyMovement, :WholeBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterObject ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSurface ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :SwimmingForPleasure :ldoce "swim" ; :wnsense "bathing1n", "swim1n", "swimming1n" ; :wordnet "bathing", "swim", "swimming" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SwimmingForPleasure'' is any of a Group of Activities performed by a Person in a ''BodyOfWater'' that can be as small as a swimming pool or as large as an Ocean, and includes actually swimming on top the water surface, under the surface (such as scuba diving), or only wading into the water along the shore. RHW 'bathing' is close: 8. to swim for pleasure. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'bathing' in WordNet: 1. (1) bathing - (immersing the body in water or sunshine) WN noun swimming': 1. (1) swimming, swim - (the act of swimming; 'it was the swimming they enjoyed most': 'they took a short swim in the pool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Swimming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSurface ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwimmableWaterObject ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :SwimmingPool :guid "f1a9b060-68fe-11d6-9e69-0002b34b8539" ; :ldoce "pool" ; :wnsense "natatorium1n", "pool1n", "swimming pool1n" ; :wordnet "natatorium", "pool", "swimming pool" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A FluidContainer that is filled with Water and that is used for or at least able to be used (i.e. large enough) for Swimming. It can be above ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swimming pool', which is a hyponym of sense 1 of 'pool' in WordNet, however Wordnet indicates that it must be an excavation, and COSMO does not include that restriction: in WordNet: 1. (3) swimming pool, swimming bath, natatorium - (pool that provides a facility for swimming; ''swimming bath' is a British term') WN 'pool': 1. (13) pool - (an excavation that is (usually) filled with water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :LiquidContainer, :SwimmableWaterObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwimmingForPleasure ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :SwimmingStroke :wnsense "swimming stroke1n" ; :wordnet "swimming stroke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SwimmingStroke'' is a ''StrokingMovement'' made by an Animal to propel it through water - on top of or under water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swimming stroke' in WordNet: 1. swimming stroke - (a method of moving the arms and legs to push against the water and propel the swimmer forward) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrokingMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwimmableWaterObject ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swimming ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swimmer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :SwimmingUnderwater :en "swim under water", "swim underwater", "swimming underwater" ; :eng "diving" ; :wnsense "dive3v" ; :wordnet "dive" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SwimmingUnderwater'' is a ''Swimming'' where most of the swimming occurs with all parts of the body under the surface of the water. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'dive' in WordNet: 3. dive - (swim under water; 'the children enjoyed diving and looking for shells') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MovingUnderWater, :Swimming, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnderWater ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Swing :guid "c10c4686-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "swing" ; :wnsense "swing2n" ; :wordnet "swing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Swing' is a device made from a form of seat, often a short 'Plank', suspended by cords or chains from some overhead support, allowing a person to swing back and forth while seated. Mostly for entertainment of children. A Swing may be suspended from a specially deigned frame, or from a tree limb, or other solid object above the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swing' in WordNet: 2. (1) swing - (mechanical device used as a plaything to support someone swinging back and forth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EntertainmentDevice, :PlaygroundObject, :SeatingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isFlexiblySuspendedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwingingOnASwing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Swinger :guid "be717e0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "swinger2n", "tramp2n" ; :wordnet "swinger", "tramp" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A denizen of the party-world who 'swings' in bars and night-clubs and casinos. Similar to the idea of #$Playboy, but a #$PersonTypeByActivity only from a social-activities perspective. While a #$Playboy often is a full-time party-goer and reveller, instances of #$Swinger usually have to support themselves with a non-partying #$JobFn. Also, the term #$Swinger is gender-neutral. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swinger' in WordNet: 2. swinger, tramp - (a person who engages freely in promiscuous sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :Partygoer . :Swinger-Sexual :guid "bf4ceee8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "swinger2n", "tramp2n" ; :wordnet "swinger", "tramp" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: #$Swinger-Sexual denotes the collection of all people that engage freely in promiscuous sex. Compare with #$Swinger. This type of ''Swinger'' attended at least one ''Bacchanalia'. Probably needs more distinctions. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swinger' in WordNet: 2. swinger, tramp - (a person who engages freely in promiscuous sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dissolute ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bacchanalia ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Swinging :en "swinging" ; :guid "bd58e182-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "swing" ; :wnsense "swing2v" ; :wordnet "swing" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Swinging'' is a '''ReversingRotation'' in which the Object moving has one fixed end that serves as the center of rotation but does not itself move significantly. Examples are the pendulum of a clock, the wagging tail of a dog, or a 'swing' recreational device holding a person. The 'swinging' object does not have to be *suspended* in a gravitational field, as suggested by the WordNet gloss (so a wagging tail in included).. CYC: The process of repetitive swinging with either a rigid (e.g. pendulum or metronome) or flexible (e.g. child's swing) connection to an axis not at the center of gravity. The axis does not have to be horizontal; thus a gate can swing back and forth. The motion, for a horizontal axis, may be above the axis as well as below. Both the object attached to the pivot and any object 'riding' on that object are said to swing. This does not include swinging an axe or a bat as a single swing is not periodic, and the return to the start of the swing for repeated swings is not a temporal reflection of the forward swing. Swinging a pail around the head while it is attached to a rope is not this kind of #$Swinging since it is not a repetative reversing motion (use 'SwingAroundOnCord'). Corresponds to sense 10 of 'swing' in RHW: 10. to move or sway to and fro, as a pendulum or other suspended object. WordNet doesn't appear to have any synset corresponding exactly to this type; the closest is (Wordnet parent is to move back and forth): in WordNet: 2. (15) swing, sway - (move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner; 'He swung back') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReversingRotation . :SwingingAroundOnCord :en "swing around on a cord" ; :env "swing around on a cord" ; :guid "bfef1299-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "swing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which an object (as #$primaryObjectMoving and #$supportedObject) is swung around a central pivot, which it is attached to a via a cord (a #$CordlikeObject that plays the roles: #$deviceUsed, #$constrainingObject, #$objectMoving, and #$supportingObject). This is a specialization of #$ConstrainedMultirevolutionRotation. There does not appear to be a WordNet sense for this (e.g. swinging an object tied to a cord around and around in a circle over the head. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultirevolutionRotation . :SwingingAtaBaseball :wnsense "baseball swing1n", "cut14n", "swing8n" ; :wordnet "baseball swing", "cut", "swing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SwingingAtaBaseball'' is a ''StrokingAtaBall'' This is The action of swinging a bat to hit a baseball: 'A Swing and a miss - strike one.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swing' in WordNet: 8. baseball swing, swing, cut - (in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball; 'he took a vicious cut at the ball') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrokingAtaBall, :SwingingaRod, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropellingaBall ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ] . :SwingingOnASwing :guid "c10063a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "swing" ; :wnsense "swing2v" ; :wordnet "swing" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One may swing on any suspended seat, whether hung from an artifact framework or from a natural object such as a tree limb. CYC: The collection of events in which someone swings on a (playground, recreational equipment) swing. WordNet doesn't appear to have any synset corresponding exactly to this sense. It contains parts of sense 2 of 'swing' and sense 2 of 'oscillate' in WordNet: 2. (15) swing, sway - (move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner; 'He swung back') 2. oscillate, vibrate - (move or swing from side to side regularly; 'the needle on the meter was oscillating') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oscillating, :RecreationalActivity, :Swinging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swing ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :SwingingaRod :wnsense "swing1v" ; :wordnet "swing" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SwingingaRod'' is the generic Action in which a Person moves a rod-like Object in an arc with one end at the Person, using one or both arms. This typically is performed with the intention of striking some object with the distant end of the Rod. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'swing' in WordNet: 1. (35) swing - (move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting; 'He swung his left fist'; 'swing a bat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rod ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :Swinish :pertainsTo :Pig ; :wnsense "hoggish1adj", "piggish1adj", "piggy1adj", "porcine1adj", "porcine3adj", "swinish2adj" ; :wordnet "hoggish", "piggish", "piggy", "porcine", "swinish" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Swinish' is the attribute of anything that has an appearance or behavior like that of a ''Pig'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'swinish' in Wordnet: 2. hoggish, piggish, piggy, porcine, swinish - (resembling swine; coarsely gluttonous or greedy; 'piggish table manners'; 'the piggy fat-cheeked little boy and his porcine pot-bellied father'; 'swinish slavering over food') WN adj 'porcine': 1. porcine - (relating to or suggesting swine; 'comparison between human and porcine pleasures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Swiss :isAnAttributeValueOf :Switzerland ; :pertainsTo :SwissPeople, :Switzerland ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Swiss' in Wordnet: 1. (3) Swiss - (of or relating to Switzerland or its people or culture; 'the Swiss army') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SwissPeople :wnsense "Swiss people1n", "Swiss1n" ; :wordnet "Swiss", "Swiss people" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Swiss People' in WordNet: 1. (5) Swiss, Swiss people - (the natives or inhabitants of Switzerland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Switzerland ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Switchblade :guid "c1009d2d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "flick knife1n", "switchblade knife1n", "switchblade1n" ; :wordnet "flick knife", "switchblade", "switchblade knife" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'switchblade' in WordNet: 1. switchblade, switchblade knife, flick knife - (a pocketknife with a blade that springs open at the press of a button) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BladedWeapon-NonProjectile, :CloseQuarterCombatWeapon, :CollapsibleArtifact, :Knife, :ManufacturedGoods, :PocketKnife, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Switchboard :en "switchboard", "telephone switchboard" ; :enn "switchboard" ; :guid "c0fcddfb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: a device with a large number of controls and switches which is used to control the flow of something through the switchboard This is more specific than the CYC gloss, being for telephone switchboards. This connects telephone lines - here the type ''TelephoneWire'' is linked, but this should be broadened to lines (e.e. optical fiber) that are not just electrical. RHW 'switchboard': 1. a structural unit on which are mounted switches and instruments necessary to complete telephone circuits manually. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationDevice, :ElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneWire ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToConnect ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneCall ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneCall ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalSwitch ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Board ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Switched :en "switched" ; :enadj "switched" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Exchange ; :wnsense "exchanged1adj" ; :wordnet "exchanged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'exchanged' in Wordnet: 1. exchanged - (changed for (replaced by) something different) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SwitchingAnElectricDeviceOff :wnsense "switch off1v", "turn off1v" ; :wordnet "switch off", "turn off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SwitchingAnElectricDeviceOff'' is a ''SwitchingaDeviceOff'' in which a ''Device'' switched 'off' is an ''ElectricalDevice'' of any kind. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'switch off' in WordNet: 1. (8) switch off, cut, turn off, turn out - (cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch; 'Turn off the stereo, please'; 'cut the engine'; 'turn out the lights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreakingAnElectricalCircuit, :SwitchingaDeviceOff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalDevice ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :SwitchingaDeviceOff :wnsense "cut27v", "switch off1v", "turn off1v" ; :wordnet "cut", "switch off", "turn off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChangingDeviceState'' in which a ''Device'' is switched to an 'off' (''PoweredOff'') state. 'cut the power' or 'cut the engine' is one use of 'cut' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'switch off' in WordNet: 1. (8) switch off, cut, turn off, turn out - (cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch; 'Turn off the stereo, please'; 'cut the engine'; 'turn out the lights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeactivatingaDevice, :SwitchingaDeviceOnOrOff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoweredOn ; owl:onProperty :hasStateBeforeChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoweredOff ; owl:onProperty :hasStateAfterChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwitchingaDeviceOn ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :SwitchingaDeviceOn :wnsense "switch on1v", "turn on1v" ; :wordnet "switch on", "turn on" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChangingDeviceState'' in which a ''ElectricalDevice'' is switched to a 'on' (''PoweredOn'') or 'off' (''PoweredOff'') state. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'switch on' in WordNet: 1. (5) switch on, turn on - (cause to operate by flipping a switch; 'switch on the light'; 'turn on the stereo') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActivatingaDevice, :SwitchingaDeviceOnOrOff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoweredOff ; owl:onProperty :hasStateBeforeChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PoweredOn ; owl:onProperty :hasStateAfterChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwitchingaDeviceOff ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :SwitchingaDeviceOnOrOff :wnsense "switch5v" ; :wordnet "switch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ChangingDeviceState'' in which a ''Device'' is switched to a 'on' (''PoweredOn'') state. NOTE that the WN gloss for 'switch suggests that this is only a 'switching on' but there is a WN subtype for 'switch on' so this WN sense must be interpreted as the union of turning on and turning off, with the specific end states as subtypes. See ''SwitchingaDeviceOn'' and ''SwitchingaDeviceOff'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'switch' in WordNet: 5. throw, flip, switch - (cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation; 'switch on the light'; 'throw the lever') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ChangingDeviceState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ] . :Switzerland :hasISO3166_Digraph "CH" ; :wnsense "Switzerland1n" ; :wordnet "Switzerland" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Switzerland' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Switzerland, Swiss Confederation, Suisse, Schweiz, Svizzera - (a landlocked federal republic in central Europe) """ . :Swivel :wnsense "swivel1n" ; :wordnet "swivel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Swivel'' solid ''ArtifactObject'' that has a ''Pivot'' that enables some other object(s) to be attached and to ''Swivel'' around the ''Pivot'' freely, multiple times. \"ReversingRotation\" NOTE: there are various types of objects that enable ''Swiveling''; this type includes all three types in RHW 'swivel': 1. a fastening device that allows the thing fastened to turn around freely upon it, esp. to turn in a full circle. 2. such a device consisting of two parts, each of which turns around independently, as a compound link of a chain, one part of which turns freely in the other by means of a headed pin or the like. 3. a pivoted support allowing a gun to turn around in a horizontal plane. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swivel' in WordNet: 1. swivel - (a coupling (as in a chain) that has one end that turns on a headed pin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ArtifactObject, :MechanicalDevice, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pivot ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Swiveling ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FullRotation ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotation-Periodic ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Swiveling :wnsense "pivot1v", "swivel1v" ; :wordnet "pivot", "swivel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Swiveling'' is a ''ChangingDirection'' in which a PhysicalObject has an ''AxisOfRotation'' that is attached to some other SolidObject. This usually differs from a more generic ''Rotation'' in that the ''AxisOfRotation'' may be at or close to the end of the object, so that the other end moves in a much large circle than the attached end. However, any ''StraightLongAndThinObject'' that rotates around a pivot point can be considered as performing a ''Swiveling'' Action, as for each arm of a pair of ''Scissors''. NOTE: the term 'pivot' is also used for the action of a Person who turns while standing to face a different direction, while one foot remains on the same supporting spot. 'pivot' is also used metaphorically to refer to an Action a ''Person'' takes that changes the conceptal goal to a different metaphorical 'directon'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swivel' in WordNet: 1. (2) pivot, swivel - (turn on a pivot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirection, :MotionInPlace, :Rotation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirectionMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StraightLongAndThinObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Swollen :guid "b49eefba-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :AnimalBodyPart ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :SwollenState ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SwellingEvent ; :wnsense "bloated1adj", "distended1adj", "enlarged1adj", "intumescent1adj", "puffed1adj", "puffy2adj", "swollen1adj", "tumescent1adj", "tumid1adj", "turgid2adj" ; :wordnet "bloated", "distended", "enlarged", "intumescent", "puffed", "puffy", "swollen", "tumescent", "tumid", "turgid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Swollen'' is an attribute of ''AnimalBodyPart''s that have become larger due to a ''SwellingEvent''. the acollection of #$BiologicalLivingObjects having a temporarily larger than usual size, due to injury or other ailment. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'swollen' in Wordnet: 1. (6) bloated, distended, puffed, puffy, swollen, intumescent, tumescent, tumid, turgid - (abnormally distended especially by fluids or gas; 'hungry children with bloated stomachs'; 'he had a grossly distended stomach'; 'eyes with puffed (or puffy) lids'; 'swollen hands'; 'tumescent tissue'; 'puffy tumid flesh') WN adj 'enlarged': 4. enlarged - (larger than normal; 'enlarged joints') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beneficial . :SwollenState :wnsense "puffiness1n", "swelling1n" ; :wordnet "puffiness", "swelling" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The state of ''SwollenState'' is an ''EnlargedState'' caused by a ''SwellingEvent'. This is for body parts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'swelling' in WordNet: 1. (2) swelling, puffiness, lump - (abnormal protuberance or localized enlargement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnlargedState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwellingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :SwoopingDown :wnsense "pounce1v", "swoop1v" ; :wordnet "pounce", "swoop" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SwoopingDown'' is an Action of something usually an Animal) moving down through the air to reach an object at a lower altitude. The term 'swoop down on' is also used metaphorically for actions of people who appear to come rapidly from an unseen location to meet or surround or attack another Person or group. 'the fans swooped down and surrrounded the singer as he left the theater building'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'swoop' in WordNet: 1. (8) pounce, swoop - (move down on as if in an attack; 'The raptor swooped down on its prey'; 'The teacher swooped down upon the new students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArrivingAtAPlace, :Descending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Sword :guid "58ffd7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sword" ; :wnsense "blade4n", "brand6n", "steel2n", "sword1n" ; :wordnet "blade", "brand", "steel", "sword" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The weapon with a long blade used for hand-to-hand fighting. We set a minimum length as 50 centimeters - shorter than that would likely be considered as a knife. SUMO: A Weapon with a long blade and covered handle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sword' in WordNet: 1. (9) sword, blade, brand, steel - (a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BladedWeapon-NonProjectile, :CloseQuarterCombatWeapon, :LethalWeapon, :PrimitiveWeapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "50"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Swordfish :wnsense "Xiphias gladius1n", "swordfish2n" ; :wordnet "Xiphias gladius", "swordfish" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'swordfish' in WordNet: 2. swordfish, Xiphias gladius - (large toothless marine food fish with a long swordlike upper jaw; not completely cold-blooded i.e. they are able to warm their brains and eyes: worldwide in warm waters but feed on cold ocean floor coming to surface at night) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleFish, :ScombroidFish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwordlikeUpperJaw ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :SwordlikeUpperJaw :en "swordlike upper jaw" ; :enn "swordlike upper jaw" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Jaw ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SwordlikeUpperJaw'' is an upper jaw (''Maxilla'') that is substantially longer than the lower jaw. This is present in some non-human Animals, such as the ''Swordfish'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Maxilla, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Long ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sword ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :Sworn :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :TakingAnOath ; :wnsense "sworn2adj" ; :wordnet "sworn" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Sworn'' is the attribute of some Assertion (oral or written) that is created in a formal ''TakingAnOath'' Action. Corresponds to part (for taking an oath) of adjective sense 2 of 'sworn' in Wordnet: 2. sworn - (bound by or stated on oath; 'now my sworn friend and then mine enemy'- Shakespeare) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Sybarite :wnsense "sybarite1n", "voluptuary1n" ; :wordnet "sybarite", "voluptuary" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """There is little obvious difference in Wordnet between ''Sybarite'' and ''Hedonist'' so this type will characterize those people who are 'addicted' to pleasures of the flesh, not merely seeking them more often than average. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sybarite' in WordNet: 1. voluptuary, sybarite - (a person addicted to luxury and pleasures of the senses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensualist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hedonist ; owl:onProperty :enjoys ] . :Sycophant :en "ass-kisser", "brown-noser", "brownnoser" ; :wnsense "crawler1n", "lackey2n", "sycophant1n", "toady1n" ; :wordnet "crawler", "lackey", "sycophant", "toady" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sycophant' in WordNet: 1. sycophant, toady, crawler, lackey - (a person who tries to please someone in order to gain a personal advantage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FarmWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toadying ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Syllable :wnsense "syllable1n" ; :wordnet "syllable" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Syllable'' is a part of a spoken (or written) word, and can be represented by a substring of the characters of a Word. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syllable' in WordNet: 1. (11) syllable - (a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme; 'the word 'pocket' has two syllables') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Word ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPartOf ] . :SyllableStress :isAnAttributeValueOf :Syllable ; :wnsense "accent4n", "emphasis4n", "stress1n" ; :wordnet "accent", "emphasis", "stress" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SyllableStress'' is an AttributeValue of a syllable in a word (and including temporarily stress on notes in music!) that can be heavy (emphasized) or light (unaccented, not emphasized), and includes tones in tonal langages like Chinese. See also ''Stressed'' - relation needs clarification. The patterns of stress vary with languages; certain patterns of stress are formalized in poetic categories such as 'iambic pentameter'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stress' in WordNet: 1. (67) stress, emphasis, accent - (the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch); 'he put the stress on the wrong syllable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SymbolType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SymbolType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for subtypes of ''SymbolicThing'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :Symbolic :pertainsTo :SymbolicObject, :SymbolicThing ; :wnsense "emblematic1adj", "emblematical2n", "symbolic1adj", "symbolic2adj", "symbolical1adj" ; :wordnet "emblematic", "symbolic", "symbolical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Symbolic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to things (physical or abstract) that are ''SymbolicThing''s, representing or referring to something other than the thing itself. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'symbolic' in WordNet: 1. (2) symbolic, symbolical - (relating to or using or proceeding by means of symbols; 'symbolic logic'; 'symbolic operations'; 'symbolic thinking') 2. (2) emblematic, emblematical, symbolic, symbolical - (serving as a visible symbol for something abstract; 'a crown is emblematic of royalty'; 'the spinning wheel was as symbolic of colonical Massachusetts as the codfish') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :SymbolicGesture :en "symbolic gesture" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SymbolicGesture'' is a ''Gesture'' (a configuration of body parts - an Object, not an Event) that is produced as a means to communicate some concept or meaning, as in nodding to signify 'yes' or shaking one's head back and forth to signify 'no' This includes those signs used in human sign language gestures that depend only on a static configuration of body parts (usually the hands) rather than on a motion. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gesture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SymbolicGesturing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :SymbolicGesturing :en "gesturing symbolically", "symbolic gesturing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SymbolicGesturing'' is a ''MakingaGesture'' that produces one or a series of ''SymbolicGesture''(s) (a configuration of body parts) produced as a means to communicate some concept or meaning, as in nodding to signify 'yes' or shaking one's head back and forth to signify 'no', or making a sign language 'sign'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAGesture, :Sign, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SymbolicGesture ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :SymbolicMeaning :en "symbolic meaning", "symbolism" ; :enn "symbolic meaning", "symbolism" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''SymbolicMeaning'' of a ''Symbol'' is the''IntendedMeaning'' that the creator or user of the ''SymbolicThing'' (Action or Object) intended to convey. This is for the meaning that is intended to be conveyed by an act of 'symbolism' (symbolic representation). NOTE: the 'action' of 'symbolism' is in RHW sense 6: 6. the use of any of certain special figures or marks of identification to signify a religious message or divine being, as the cross for Christ and the Christian faith. No WN synset for this sense of 'symbolism'. RHW 'symbolism': 3. symbolic meaning or character. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SymbolicThing ; owl:onProperty :isTheMeaningRepresentationOf ] . :SymbolicObject :guid "bd58cf26-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "symbol1n", "symbol2n" ; :wordnet "symbol" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SymbolicObject is an artifactual PhysicalObject created with the purpose of being or bearing some physical symbol that represents something other than the symbol itself; the represented thing may be abstract or physical. The symbolism of a SymbolicObject does not depend on language to convey its intended meaning; it is primarily graphic in nature. Cyc: A specialization of both #$SymbolicThing and #$HumanAccessibleIBO. Each instance of #$SymbolicObject is a #$SymbolicThing that has some material part (i.e. is an instance of #$PhysicalObject), and symbolizes some thing, event or achievement, without describing it propositionally in any detail. Examples include national flags, military medals and ribbons, an Oscar, a Crucifix, a caduceus, and printed trademark logos of commercial brands. Only some instances of #$SymbolicObject have the #$primaryFunction of serving as symbols (e.g. national flags, war memorials); others are symbolic in a secondary capacity (e.g. a gravestone symbolizes death but its primary function is as a marker), and/or acquire symbolic associations over time (e.g. Ellis Island). Examples of #$SymbolicObject include the #$ArcDeTriomphe, the #$StatueOfLiberty, the #$PyramidOfCheops, a hangman's noose, a Menorah, a white dove. Negative examples include #$NationalAnthems and #$Swastikas projected on walls, because these do not have a material part; for such symbols use the broader collection #$SymbolicThing. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'symbol' in WordNet: 1. (21) symbol - (an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance) 2. (2) symbol, symbolization, symbolisation, symbolic representation - (something visible that by association or convention represents something else that is invisible; 'the eagle is a symbol of the United States') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :SymbolicThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :SymbolicThing :guid "c0aad036-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$InformationStore and #$PartiallyIntangibleIndividual. Each instance of #$SymbolicThing symbolizes some thing or event or achievement, without describing it in any detail. Examples include halos (#$Halo-Symbolic), #$NationalAnthems, school colors, and physical objects such as national flags which are instances of the (notable) subcollection #$SymbolicObject. Note that instances of #$SymbolicThing can be #$InformationBearingThings or #$ConceptualWorks. They generally do not have propositional information (#$PropositionalInformationThing) contents - rather, they are typically associated (by an informed interpreter) with particular entities. To emotional interpreters, such as #$Persons, symbolic objects are often evocative of certain attitudes associated with the entities symbolized - such as nationalism, respect, school spirit, hatred, reverence, etc. #$SymbolicThing differs from #$Signal in that #$Signals are one-time-only occurrences, whereas #$SymbolicThings are open to their characteristic interpretation any time they are encountered. See also #$signifiesTo, #$signifies.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationStore, :RepresentationObject . :Symbolization :wnsense "symbolisation1n", "symbolisation3n", "symbolism2n", "symbolization1n", "symbolization3n" ; :wordnet "symbolisation", "symbolism", "symbolization" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Symbolization'' is the use of ''Symbol''s to convey meanings. NOTE: the 'action' of 'symbolism' is in RHW sense 6: 6. the use of any of certain special figures or marks of identification to signify a religious message or divine being, as the cross for Christ and the Christian faith. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'symbolization' in WordNet: 1. symbolization, symbolisation - (the use of symbols to convey meaning) 3. symbolism, symbolization, symbolisation - (the practice of investing things with symbolic meaning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SymbolicThing ; owl:onProperty :hasMeaningRepresentation ] . :Symmetric :wnsense "symmetric1adj", "symmetrical1adj" ; :wordnet "symmetric", "symmetrical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Symmetric'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is similar in apperance or outline when rotated by some amount, or when inverted. Whether rotated or inverted,ther should be some point, line, or plane that is the 'axis of symmetry'' about which that rotation or inversion occurs. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'symmetric' in WordNet: 1. (7) symmetrical, symmetric - (having similarity in size, shape, and relative position of corresponding parts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SymmetricView :en "symmetric image", "symmetric view" ; :enn "symmetric image", "symmetric view" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''SymmetricView''' is a ''View'' (a LightPropagationEvent) that has some form of symmetry about a center point or plane, and is produced by one or (usually) more ''ReflectiveObjects'' (usually mirrors) for any purpose. Common examples are the image at the end of the tube viewed in a ''Kaleidoscope'', or the multiple reflections in a 'Hall of Mirrors'' in a Fun House. More serious purposes are possible. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reflecting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Symmetry :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Symmetric ; :wnsense "balance10n", "correspondence5n", "symmetricalness1n", "symmetry1n" ; :wordnet "balance", "correspondence", "symmetricalness", "symmetry" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Symmetry'' is the nominalized form of ''Symmetric'' - things that *are* ''Symmetric'' *have* ''Symmetry''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'symmetry' in WordNet: 1. (5) symmetry, symmetricalness, correspondence, balance - ((mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :Sympathetic :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Sympathy ; :ldoce "sympathetic" ; :wnsense "sympathetic2adj" ; :wordnet "sympathetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing 'Sympathy' (for someone). This may be linguistically expressed with the word 'toward' or 'to' after 'sympathetic'. This is a subtype of 'Friendly' and may be a temporary - even fleeting - attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'sympathetic' in WordNet: 2. (8) sympathetic - (expressing or feeling or resulting from sympathy or compassion or friendly fellow feelings; disposed toward; 'sympathetic to the students' cause'; 'a sympathetic observer'; 'a sympathetic gesture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friendly . :Sympathizing :wnsense "sympathise1v", "sympathize1v" ; :wordnet "sympathise", "sympathize" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sympathize' in WordNet: 1. (2) sympathize, sympathise - (share the feelings of; understand the sentiments of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Grief . :Sympathy :guid "bd58af7b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sympathy" ; :wnsense "sympathy2n" ; :wordnet "sympathy" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A feeling of tenderness or respect induced by the suffering or distress of another. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sympathy' in WordNet: 2. (7) sympathy, fellow feeling - (sharing the feelings of others (especially feelings of sorrow or anguish)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Symphony :guid "bf916299-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "symphonic music1n", "symphony1n" ; :wordnet "symphonic music", "symphony" ; a :ActionType, :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Symphony'' is a form of ''ClassicalMusic'' performance that in which orchestral parts are the dominant events, though short individual segments may be included,and sometimes choral parts. NOTE that this is the performance of a symphony - an action, not the specification. CYC: The collection of all symphonies - orchestral works in more than one movement, without soloists except those sitting as members of the orchestra. Unlike earlier suites and concerti grossi, most movements of a symphony are not based on dance forms. Notable examples include those of #$FranzJosephHaydn, #$GustavMahler, and many composers in between. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'symphony' in WordNet: 1. (4) symphony, symphonic music - (a long and complex sonata for symphony orchestra) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :ClassicalMusic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrchestraMusic ] . :Symposium :wnsense "symposium1n" ; :wordnet "symposium" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Symposium'' is a ''Conference'' having multiple presentations by participants. For this ontology, a large ''Conference'' with more than a few ''Presentation''s will be represented by this ''Symposium'' whether or not it is called by that name. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'symposium' in WordNet: 1. (2) symposium - (a meeting or conference for the public discussion of some topic especially one in which the participants form an audience and make presentations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Presentation ; owl:minCardinality "5" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Symptom :wnsense "symptom2n" ; :wordnet "symptom" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Symptom is a Sign that is also a SituationProcessEventOrState, and which provides evidence of an abnormal condition. This can be applied to the conditions of organisms or devices. Q?? Physiological condition?? Attribute?? The Physiological condition showing sign of ailment in Medicine is the subtype ''''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'symptom' in Wordnet: 2. (6) symptom - (anything that accompanies X and is regarded as an indication of X's existence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidence, :Sign, :SituationProcessEventOrState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbnormalCondition :ConditionType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ] . :Symptomatic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal, :Device, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :AilmentCondition ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Indicating, :Malfunctioning, :Suggesting ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Symptom ; :wnsense "diagnostic2adj", "symptomatic1adj" ; :wordnet "diagnostic", "symptomatic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Symptomatic'' is an attribute of something with a ''Symptom'' (typically a situation, such as some Object having an attribute or perfroming some Action) that 'suggests or 'indicates' some other situation that is correlated causally (in either direction) with the ''Symptom''. The strength of the correlation is vague, and is indicated by pointing to both ''Suggesting'' and the stronger ''Indicating''. This is usually used to refer to Symtoms of an ''AillmentCondition'', but can also be used to describe Actions of Devices that are not performing as expected, to indicate a malfuction. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'symptomatic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) diagnostic, symptomatic - (characteristic or indicative of e.g. a disease; 'a diagnostic sign of yellow fever'; 'diagnostic information'; 'a rash symptomatic of scarlet fever'; 'symptomatic of insanity'; 'a rise in crime symptomatic of social breakdown') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indicative, :Suggestive . :Synagogue-LocalCongregation :en "Synagogue" ; :enn "Synagogue" ; :guid "f7614224-1e6c-41d7-8320-92f49953941f" ; a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of local synagogues. NOTE: this is the Group of ''Jew''s associated with a local Synagogue. RHW 'Synagogue': 2. an assembly or congregation of Jews for the purpose of religious worship. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :JewishPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :SynagogueBuilding :guid "f3188af6-1e6c-41d7-9c3b-b2f35cb4112b" ; :ldoce "temple" ; :wnsense "synagogue1n", "tabernacle3n", "temple4n" ; :wordnet "synagogue", "tabernacle", "temple" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A religious building where Jewish services and related activities are held. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'temple' in WordNet: 4. synagogue, temple, tabernacle - ((Judaism) the place of worship for a Jewish congregation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousBuilding . :Synchronized :isAnAttributeValueOf :Timepiece ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SynchronizingaTimepiece ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Synchronized'' is the attribute of a ''TimePiece\" that has been adjusted so as to display the same time of day as another ''Timepiece'', at the same real time point. NOTE: for actions that have been 'synhronized' a different attribute would need to be created. not yet. The WN 'synchronized' is for the synchronization of Actions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SynchronizingActions :wnsense "sync1v", "synchronise6v", "synchronize1v" ; :wordnet "sync", "synchronise", "synchronize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SynchronizingActions'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which one agent makes some arrangement, independently or in cooperations with (an)other agent(s) to perform some Actions at the same time or within the same TimeInterval,or in a predetermined time sequence. This may be facilitated when multiple agents are in different locations by a ''SynchronizingaTimepiece'' Action to assure that all of the agents are using TimePieces that display the same TimePoints at the same real-time TimePoint. This may also be accomplished in coordinated Activities by all agents following the lead of some single Agent (such as the ''Conductor'' of an ''Orchestra'') who determines the timing for specific actions to be performed simultaneously or in a predetermined sequence. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'synchronize' in WordNet: 1. (1) synchronize, synchronise, sync - (make synchronous and adjust in time or manner; 'Let's synchronize our efforts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjusting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MatchingAction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Timepiece ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SynchronizingaTimepiece ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :SynchronizingaTimepiece :wnsense "sync1v", "synchronise5v", "synchronize6v" ; :wordnet "sync", "synchronise", "synchronize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SynchronizingaTimepiece'' is an ''Adjusting'' in which some ''Timepiece'' is adjusted to display the same time as some other ''Timepiece'', so that the user will know what time the user of the other Timepiece observes. This can be done so that two more agents can all perform actions that should occur simultaneously or in some specific time sequence. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'synchronize' in WordNet: 6. synchronize, synchronise - (cause to indicate the same time or rate; 'synchronize your watches') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjusting, :SettingaDeviceState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MatchingAction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Timepiece ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SynchronizingActions ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Synchrotron :guid "be9c2475-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "synchrotron1n" ; :wordnet "synchrotron" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This is the collection of synchrotrons, which are a type of particle accelerator. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synchrotron' in WordNet: 1. synchrotron - (cyclotron in which the electric field is maintained at a constant frequency) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ParticleAccelerator . :Syndicate :wnsense "syndicate1n", "syndicate2n", "syndicate3n" ; :wordnet "syndicate" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Syndicate'' includes two of the three types of 'syndicate' represented in WordNet; a ''crime syndicate' is represented by '''TheSundicat''. The other two specific types would be subtypes of this, added when needed for distinction. Includes noun senses 2, and 3 of 'syndicate' in WordNet: 2. (1) consortium, pool, syndicate - (an association of companies for some definite purpose) 3. syndicate - (a news agency that sells features or articles or photographs etc. to newspapers for simultaneous publication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, :SocialBeing . :Syndicated :en "syndicated" ; :enadj "syndicated" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :HardObject, :Syndicate ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Syndicating ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Syndicated'' is an attribute of a ''Syndicate'' that have been formed by a ''Syndicating'' action. Not WN sense for 'syndicated'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Syndicating :wnsense "syndicate1v" ; :wordnet "syndicate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''JoiningTogether'' is an Event in which two or more ''IntelligentAgent''s join to form a ''Syndicate''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syndicate' in WordNet: 1. syndicate - (join together into a syndicate; 'The banks syndicated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AgentGroup ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :GroupType :Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ] . :Syndrome :wnsense "syndrome2n" ; :wordnet "syndrome" ; a :GroupType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of Symptoms that suggest a single underlying cause. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'syndrome' in WordNet: 2. syndrome - (a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Symptom ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Synergist :wnsense "synergist1n" ; :wordnet "synergist" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Synergist'' is an instance of 'SubstanceType' that, by itself as little or no therapeutic effect, but when combined with another substance that has some therapeutic effect, enhances that effect beyond what can be accomplished without the ''Synergist''. NOTE the words 'synergist' and 'catalyst' are used in metaphorical expressions that are difficult to enumerate or classify. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synergist' in WordNet: 1. synergist - (a drug that augments the activity of another drug) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Role, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :DrugTherapy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Synergizing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Synergizing :en "synergize", "synergizing" ; :wnsense "synergism1n", "synergy1n" ; :wordnet "synergism", "synergy" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Synergizing'' is an intensive form of ''GoingWellTogether'' where the things that 'synergize' each other have a combined effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects. NOTE that there may be one compnent of a Group that does not have any desirable effect in itself, but in interaction with one or more other Entities causes an effect greater than that of those one or more other entities by themselves. This is particularly notable in some drug combinations. That type of Agent is termed a 'synergist'. No entry for the verb 'syergize' in WN or RHW, but on the web: Cambridge English Dictionary: synergize meaning: to combine or work together in order to be more effective, or to make things or people do this: ALSO: Definition combine or coordinate the activity of (two or more agents) to produce a joint effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. 'the two companies have been looking for ways to synergize their businesses' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synergy' in WordNet: 1. synergy, synergism - (the working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoingWellTogether, :Interacting . :Synesthesia :wnsense "synesthesia1n" ; :wordnet "synesthesia" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Synesthesia'' is a Sensation that is caused by a different 'mode' of sensation (one usually caused by a different type of stimulus). Saying this in logic seems complicated. @ToDo: Needs further thought. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synesthesia' in WordNet: 1. synesthesia, synaesthesia - (a sensation that normally occurs in one sense modality occurs when another modality is stimulated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensation . :Synonym :wnsense "synonym1n" ; :wordnet "synonym" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of Synonyms has two uses: (1) When a synonymous term is included as a subtype of Synonym, it allows searching for a Type by more than one term, in the case where the alternative term(s) are also unique in the ontology. For example, where Cyc class names (but not meanings) have been changed, the Cyc term may also be included as a Synonym. We use the isaSynonymOf relation to relate Synonym classes to the class with the base name. (2) when used with the 'hasSynonym' relation, instances of Synonym can specify the context (such as namespace) in which the second term is a synonym of the first, and can indicate the overall frequency with which the term in that context actually has the same meaning as the base term. Since there can be multiple instances of the same synonymous term, it is represented as a datatype String entity. NOTE that instances of Synonym need to have unique id's as their identifiers in the ontology, so it is recommended that the unique ID's be generated by prefixing a namespace to the synonymous term that is pointed to by the 'hasSynonymousTerm' property of the Synonym instance. Thus if some term has the synonym 'process' in the PSL context, the instance of Synonym that specifies that relation can be named, e.g. 'PSL$process'. The general English contexts, where words may be ambiguous, is indicated by the namespace prefix 'engen'. The AnnotationProperty ''en'' is also used to label entries with English words having the same meaning in some context. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synonym' in Wordnet: 1. (2) synonym, equivalent word - (two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual . :Synonymous :isAnAttributeValueOf :GroupOfWords, :Phrase, :Synonym, :Word ; :wnsense "synonymous1adj" ; :wordnet "synonymous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Synonymous'' is an attribute of any two or more words that have the same meaning, usually only in some particular context. This is an attribute of all of the words in a Wordnet 'synset' (set of synonyms). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'synonymous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) synonymous - ((of words) meaning the same or nearly the same) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :SynovialJoint :wnsense "articulatio synovialis1n", "diarthrosis1n", "synovial joint1n" ; :wordnet "articulatio synovialis", "diarthrosis", "synovial joint" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SynovialJoint'' is derived from WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synovial joint' in WordNet: 1. synovial joint, articulatio synovialis, diarthrosis - (a joint so articulated as to move freely) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Joint-AnimalBodyPart . :Syntactic :pertainsTo :Syntax ; :wnsense "syntactic1adj", "syntactical1adj" ; :wordnet "syntactic", "syntactical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Syntactic'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to ''Syntax'' and is used in contrast to 'semantic' which refers to the ''Meaning'of a linguistic phrase rather than the arrangement of phrases. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'syntactic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) syntactic, syntactical - (of or relating to or conforming to the rules of syntax; 'the syntactic rules of a language') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Syntax :wnsense "phrase structure1n", "sentence structure1n", "syntax1n" ; :wordnet "phrase structure", "sentence structure", "syntax" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Syntax'' is a ''MentalStructure'' that is the arrangement of words and phrases in a linguistic ''Phrase'', and is used in understanding the maning of that ''Phrase''. syntaxCorresponds to noun sense 1 of '' in WordNet: 1. (2) syntax, sentence structure, phrase structure - (the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowledgeOrganizationSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnderstandingaPhrase ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Synthesis-Generic :guid "bff27b51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: A specialization of #$Action and #$CreationEvent. Each instance of #$Synthesis-Generic is an event in which an #$Agent-Generic synthesizes (combines, puts together) two or more instances of #$SomethingExisting (e.g. #$Paints or #$LinguisticObjects) to create something new.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Creation . :Synthesizer :wnsense "synthesiser2n", "synthesizer2n" ; :wordnet "synthesiser", "synthesizer" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'synthesizer' in WordNet: 2. synthesizer, synthesiser - ((music) an electronic instrument (usually played with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds electronically and can imitate a variety of other musical instruments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusicalInstrument-Electronic . :Synthetic :isAnAttributeValueOf :SyntheticRubber, :SyntheticSubstance ; :isTheOppositeOf :Natural ; :wnsense "man-made1adj", "semisynthetic1adj", "synthetic1adj" ; :wordnet "man-made", "semisynthetic", "synthetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Synthetic'' is the subAttribute of ''Manmade'' specifically characterizing substances made by chemical synthesis. NOTE: If chemical synthesis is used to prepare a specific product, it is ''Synthetic'' even if it occurs in Nature, as in 'Synthetic diamond' (the substance). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'synthetic' in Wordnet: 1. (8) man-made, semisynthetic, synthetic - (not of natural origin; prepared or made artificially; 'man-made fibers'; 'synthetic leather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManMade . :SyntheticRubber :guid "bd58f476-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "rubber" ; :wnsense "rubber2n" ; :wordnet "rubber" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Synthetic Rubber - the manufactured substance. Called 'Rubber-Synthetic' inCyc. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'rubber' in WordNet: 2. rubber, synthetic rubber - - (any of various synthetic elastic materials whose properties resemble natural rubber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, :Rubber, :SyntheticSubstance . :SyntheticSubstance :wnsense "synthetic substance1n", "synthetic1n" ; :wordnet "synthetic", "synthetic substance" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Substance that is the result of an IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that is created by Humans (from SUMO). This differs from parent type ''ArtificialSubstance'' in that some form of chemical transformation, not just extraction or shape change or mixing, needs to be performed to make it a ''SyntheticSubstance''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'synthetic substance' in WordNet: 1. synthetic, synthetic substance - (a compound made artificially by chemical reactions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChemicalSynthesis ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :Syphilis :guid "c0fd4d2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pox1n", "syph1n", "syphilis1n" ; :wordnet "pox", "syph", "syphilis" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sexually transmissible disease that, if undetected, can lead to insanity and death. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syphilis' in WordNet: 1. syphilis, syph, pox - (a common venereal disease caused by the treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection, :ChronicCondition, :LifeThreateningCondition, :VenerealDisease . :Syria :hasISO3166_Digraph "SY" ; :wnsense "Syria1n" ; :wordnet "Syria" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Syria' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Syria, Syrian Arab Republic - (an Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization) """ . :Syrian :pertainsTo :Syria ; :wnsense "Syrian1adj" ; :wordnet "Syrian" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Syrian' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Syrian - (of or relating to or characteristic of Syria or its people or culture; 'the Syrian government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Syrup :guid "c10ae884-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "syrup1n" ; :wordnet "syrup" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Syrup is a sweet sticky substance with the same viscosity as honey. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syrup' in Wordnet: 1. syrup, sirup - (a thick sweet sticky liquid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstance, :StickyStuff, :SweetTastingSubstance, :Sweetener . :System :guid "bfd5eed5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasPluralForm "systems" ; :ldoce "system" ; :wnsense "system1n" ; :wordnet "system" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """More abstract than 'FunctionalSystem' - need not have a purpose, such as the Solar System. The Group describing the System will include the relations among the objects. For a System having some function (artifactual or evolutionary) use 'FunctionalSystem'. The collection of all systems - complex objects that decompose into simpler components that, by virtue of the relations among them, form a recognizable, cohesive whole. Notable specializations include #$PathSystem and #$FunctionalSystem. The components of an instance of #$System can be identified using #$systemComponents. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'system' in WordNet: 1. (394) system, scheme - (a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; 'a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositeConcept . :SystemCondition :guid "c1346159-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "condition" ; :wnsense "condition1n", "status2n" ; :wordnet "condition", "status" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Situation. Each instance of #$SystemCondition is a state or process undergone by some natural or artificial system (for example, an organism or a computer network). The state or process in question may be either normal or abnormal. A typical instance of #$SystemCondition is a state or process that has important temporal aspects, or affects the system's condition for a significant period of time, such that the condition may be thought of as an 'episode' in the existence of the system, or even a permanent aspect of the system. COSMO note: this Cyc category is interpreted as a PersistentState (a subtype of Event), meaning that the situation stays constant over some period of time. If the condition is some process (rotating), then the process should be constant over that interval, e.g. the rate of turn should be constant, within the limits of interest to the ontologist. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'condition' in WordNet: 1. (455) condition, status - (a state at a particular time; 'a condition (or state) of disrepair'; 'the current status of the arms negotiations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, :Situation-Localized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :System ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :SystemContext a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SystemContext is a SituationalContextComponent that is specific for computational agents, whether physical (a computer system including hardware) or merely software. A computational system can be viewed as one agent, though it may include within it multiple software agents. The SystemContext will include anything affecting the ability of the agent to act, including, among other things, the hardware resources available for use - power sources (line or batteries) CPU, disks, RAM, terminals, network connections, anything else connected to a system port, etc.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationalContextComponent . :SystemOfRules :ldoce "system" ; :wnsense "system of rules1n", "system3n" ; :wordnet "system", "system of rules" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''SystemOfRules'' is a System containing multiple Rules plus some other elements such as methods for interpreting or combining them Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'system' in WordNet: 3. (110) system, system of rules - (a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; 'they have to operate under a system they oppose'; 'that language has a complex system for indicating gender') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :System, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rule ] . :SystemType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''SystemType'' is a metaclass used as the Type whose instances are 'System'''s of certain kinds that can be referenced by ''believes'' and ''hasBeliever'', a special usage. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Systematic :pertainsTo :SystemOfRules ; :wnsense "orderly3adj", "systematic1adj", "systematic2adj" ; :wordnet "orderly", "systematic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Systematic'' is an AttributeValue of Procedures that follow a mental 'system' and are ''Planned'' and executed in an ''Ordered'' manner, and of people who act in such a manner. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'systematic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) systematic - (characterized by order and planning; 'the investigation was very systematic'; 'a systematic administrator') 2. orderly, systematic - (not haphazard; 'a series of orderly actions at regular hours') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ordered, :PertainingAttributeValue, :Planned . :SystemeInternationalUnit a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The Class of Systeme International (SI) units." ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :Systemic :contrastsWith :BodyLocalized ; :pertainsTo :AnimalBody ; :wnsense "systemic1adj" ; :wordnet "systemic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Systemic' is an AttributeValue of Events or ''PersistenEvent''s that affect a whole Object, usually a functional Object, and especially an AnimalBody. This includes the more specialized meaning for ''PhysiologicalCondition''s, ''AilmentCondition''s or medical treatments (such as Anaesthesia) that affect the whole body of an Animal, usually used in reference to a Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'systemic' in Wordnet: 1. systemic - (affecting an entire system; 'a systemic poison') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Systems :en "systems" ; :enadj "systems" ; :pertainsTo :ComputationalSystem, :System ; a :AttributeValueType, :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Systems'' is used as a \"PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''system'' generally, but most commonly to ''ComputationalSystem''s. Representing this as an attribute is intended to minimize the relational inferencing needed for NN combinations when the word may be interpreted as a simple plural. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :T-shirt :en "tee-shirt" ; :enn "tee-shirt" ; :guid "bd58e63b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "T-shirt1n", "jersey3n", "tee shirt1n" ; :wordnet "T-shirt", "jersey", "tee shirt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Typically is slip-on without buttons. CYC: The sets of T-shirts. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'T-shirt' in WordNet: 1. jersey, T-shirt, tee shirt - (a close-fitting pullover shirt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShortSleeveShirt . :TEL :en "telephone number" ; a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used in the terms that label a TelephoneNumber. The number can be any legal number, with or without hyphens to delimit the fields. Nation code prefixes should be followed by a dollar sign rather than a hyphen.""" . :TEL1__908-561-3416 :hasTelnoType :TELTYPE_HOME ; :identifies :HouseAt735BelviderePlainfieldNJ ; a :TelephoneNumber . :TELTYPE_BUSINESS a :TelnoType . :TELTYPE_CELL a :TelnoType . :TELTYPE_FAX a :TelnoType . :TELTYPE_HOME a :TelnoType . :TELTYPE_UNLISTED a :TelnoType . :TNT :wnsense "TNT1n" ; :wordnet "TNT" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Trinitrotoluene, an explosive substance used commonly in military explosive devices. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'TNT' in Wordnet: 1. TNT, trinitrotoluene - (explosive consisting of a yellow crystalline compound that is a flammable toxic derivative of toluene) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplosiveSubstance, :OrganicCompound . :TORF_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used in front of truth codes that are expressed as 'true' 'false' or 'yes' or 'no' or some abbreviation or variant spelling of those.""" . :TORF_F :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "F"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :False ; a :CodeString . :TORF_False :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "False"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :False ; a :CodeString . :TORF_N :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "N"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :False ; a :CodeString . :TORF_NO :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "NO"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :False ; a :CodeString . :TORF_No :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "No"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :False ; a :CodeString . :TORF_T :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "T"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :True ; a :CodeString . :TORF_True :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "True"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :True ; a :CodeString . :TORF_Y :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "Y"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :True ; a :CodeString . :TORF_YES :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "YES"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :True ; a :CodeString . :TORF_Yes :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "Yes"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :True ; a :CodeString . :TORF_f :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "f"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :False ; a :CodeString . :TORF_false :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "false"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :False ; a :CodeString . :TORF_n :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "n"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :False ; a :CodeString . :TORF_no :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "no"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :False ; a :CodeString . :TORF_true :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "true"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :True ; a :CodeString . :TORF_y :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "y"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :True ; a :CodeString . :TORF_yes :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority :COSMO_WorkingGroup ; :isPartOfCodeList :TruthCodes ; :representsCode "yes"^^xsd:string ; :representsInstance :True ; a :CodeString . :TVAudience :en "listening audience" ; :wnsense "TV audience1n", "viewers1n", "viewing audience1n" ; :wordnet "TV audience", "viewers", "viewing audience" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TVAudience'' is a ''MassAudience'' that is listening to (and/or watching) a TV broadcast, or some other means of communication (e.g. podcast) where the images and voice of the speaker(s) can be heard by a MassAudience tuned in to the broadcast channel. Coresponds to noun sense 1 of 'TV audience' in WordNet: 1. (1) viewing audience, TV audience, viewers - (the audience reached by television) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RadioOrTVAudience, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TVBroadcasting ; owl:onProperty :isTheIntendedAudienceOf ] . :TVBroadcasting :guid "c101c48b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "television" ; :wnsense "TV1n", "telecasting1n", "television1n", "video3n" ; :wordnet "TV", "telecasting", "television", "video" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$TVTransmitting. In every #$TVBroadcasting event, an intangible #$InformationBearingThing (usually a #$MovingImageWithSound) is converted into radio signals and transmitted by a #$BroadcastAntenna and received by a #$ReceivingAntenna. See also #$CableTVTransmitting and #$TVMediaProduct. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'television' in WordNet: 1. (12) television, telecasting, TV, video - (broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects; 'she is a star of screen and video'; 'Television is a medium because it is neither rare nor well done' - Ernie Kovacs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broadcasting, :TVTransmitting . :TVShowHost :guid "c1468e8c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each #$TVShowHost is a person who is a continuing presence on television shows which have varying content and varying personnel on the show. Typically, game shows, talk shows, music video shows, and any program that shows several short (shorter than the entire program) pieces of content will have a host. The role of the host could be to introduce the various segments of the show, to interview guests, or to act as moderator.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Entertainer, :MasterOfCeremonies, :MediaProfessional . :TVTransmitter :guid "bdcef15c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "television transmitter1n" ; :wordnet "television transmitter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Device used for transmitting tv signals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'television transmitter' in WordNet: 1. television transmitter - (transmitter that is part of a television system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :Transmitter . :TVTransmitting :guid "bd707aa9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :PublishingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$MediaTransmitting. In every #$TVTransmitting event, an intangible #$InformationBearingThing (usually a #$MovingImageWithSound) is transmitted to a #$TelevisionSet. This transmission may be via coaxial cable, in which case it is a #$CableTVTransmitting event. Or it may be via a #$BroadcastAntenna, in which case it is a #$TVBroadcasting event. See also #$TVMediaProduct.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MediaTransmitting . :T_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix 'T_' is used to label a 'TemperatureMeasure' . Thus 'T_0C' is the temperature of 0 degrees Celsius.. """ . :T_0C :hasQuantifier :N_0 ; :hasUnit :degreesC ; a :TemperatureMeasure . :T_100C :hasQuantifier :N_100 ; :hasUnit :degreesC ; a :TemperatureMeasure . :T_61p15C :hasQuantifier :N_61p15 ; :hasUnit :degreesC ; a :TemperatureMeasure . :Tab :wnsense "tab4n" ; :wordnet "tab" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tab'' is a small ''Strip'' of some solid material (paper, plastic, metal) that is attached to a larger object, often for the purpose of providing a place where a label can be written, as on the ''Tab'' of a file folder. ''Tab''d that have no writing on them include the ''Tab' on a metal can that is pulled to open the can; that is a borderline included subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tab' in WordNet: 4. tab - (a short strip of material attached to or projecting from something in order to facilitate opening or identifying or handling it; 'pull the tab to open the can'; 'files with a red tab will be stored separately'; 'the collar has a tab with a button hole'; 'the filing cards were organized by cards having indexed tabs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strip . :TabKey :wnsense "tab3n" ; :wordnet "tab" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TabKey'' is a ''KeyboardKey'' Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tab' in WordNet: 3. tab key, tab - (the key on a typewriter or a word processor that causes a tabulation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeyboardKey, :MarbleSizedObject . :Table :ldoce "table" ; :wnsense "table1n" ; :wordnet "table" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A database (or similar) 'Table' is an abstract structure which is a list of lists. Individual tables will have two dimensions, but since each list may also be a list of lists, tables can effectively have an arbitrary number of dimensions. For the piece of furniture that is a 'table' use 'Table-Furniture'. A Table is represented as a List, not an OrderedGroup - List positions can be empty, but Group elements cannot be null. The furniture Table is labeled 'Table-Furniture' in this ontology. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'table' in WordNet: 1. (57) table, tabular array - (a set of data arranged in rows and columns; 'see table 1') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :List ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :Table-Furniture :guid "bd5899f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "table" ; :wnsense "table2n" ; :wordnet "table" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Table-Furniture.is a piece of furniture with a horizontal flat surface at a height no more than four feet off the floor, wide enough to serve as a support for solid objects. This includes not only tables used for dining, but for any purpose,such as a Ping-Pong table, and includes a ''Buffet'' as a subtype. In Cyc labeled: 'Table-PieceOfFurniture': Cyc A piece of furniture usually made entirely of rigid material, used to support objects. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'table' in WordNet: 2. (25) table - (a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs; 'it was a sturdy table') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlatToppedObject, :FurniturePiece, :Object-SupportingFurniture, :Platform, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegOfArtifact ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HorizontalTopSurface ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :TableCloth :guid "c0fd4651-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tablecloth1n" ; :wordnet "tablecloth" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this table cloth is actually cloth, not plastic. The parent TableCovering can be plastic. Note that WN has a subtype 'tea cloth' ('a small tablecloth'), so the WN 'TableCloth' does not have to cover the whole table. Thus we have ''Doily'' as a subtype. Cyc: A sheet-like object, used to decorate and protect a table, especially during a meal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tablecloth' in Wordnet: 1. tablecloth - (a covering spread over a dining table) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :PieceOfCloth, :TableCovering . :TableCovering :guid "c0fd62e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This collection is intended to include table cloths, placemats, and table runners. See sybtypes ''TableCloth' and ''Doily''. Not necessarily cloth (could be plastic); Thus WN 'Table linen' would not be a synonym. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :DurableGood, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :Surface-Open, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Table ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :TableGame :wnsense "table game1n" ; :wordnet "table game" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TableGame'' is the specification ('rules) for how to play the game, i.e the action of playing a ''TableGame''. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a 'game as the abstract specification and the Action that is an execution of the specification. The WN synset is used to label both, which need to be distinguished in text context. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'table game' in WordNet: 1. table game - (a game that is played on a table) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Game, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Table-Furniture ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :TableGameEvent :wnsense "table game1n" ; :wordnet "table game" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TableGameEvent'' is the action of playing a ''TableGame''. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between a 'game as the abstract specification and the Action that is an execution of the specification. The WN synset is used to label both, which need to be distinguished in text context. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'table game' in WordNet: 1. table game - (a game that is played on a table) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Table-Furniture ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TableGame ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :TableKnife :ldoce "knife" ; :wnsense "table knife1n" ; :wordnet "table knife" ; a :EatingUtensilType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Knife that is used for the purpose of eating food. This specialization of 'knife' corresponds to 'table knife' in WordNet: 1. table knife - (a knife used for eating at dining table) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EatingUtensil, :Knife . :TableMat :isDesignedToCover :Table-Furniture ; :ldoce "mat" ; :wnsense "mat7n" ; :wordnet "mat" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small sheet-like solid object used to protect the surface of other table-like artifacts by being placed on top; it has to be inexpensive to be effective as a protecting object. It can be made of cloth or plastic, and is usually at least somewhat flexible. The 'mat' of floor mats is a different type of object - use 'Mat'. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 3 of 'mat' in WordNet: 7. mat - (a small pad of material that is used to protect a surface from an object placed on it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :SheetArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Table-Furniture ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :TableSalt :guid "bdccfccd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "salt" ; :wnsense "common salt2n", "salt2n", "table salt1n" ; :wordnet "common salt", "salt", "table salt" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of quantities of sodium chloride granules, commonly used as a condiment with food. This form of sodium chloride is necesarily granular. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'salt' in WordNet: 2. (5) salt, table salt, common salt - (white crystalline form of especially sodium chloride used to season and preserve food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment, :GranularSubstance, :SodiumChloride, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Granular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TableSpoon :wnsense "tablespoon2n" ; :wordnet "tablespoon" ; a :EatingUtensilType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tablespoon' in WordNet: 2. tablespoon - (a spoon larger than a dessert spoon; used for serving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spoon-EatingUtensil . :TableSugar :consistsOfManyOf :GrainOfSugar ; :guid "bd58aadd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :ChemicalSubstanceType, :GranularSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Sucrose in the granular (not powdered) form used as the sweetener in drinks and other foods. In Cyc called 'Sugar-Table'. Cyc: Common table sugar, or sucrose. A white crystalline substance used to sweeten foods and beverages. Molecules have the empirical formula C12H22O11. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'sucrose' in WordNet: 1. sucrose, saccharose - (a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GranularSubstance, :MetabolizableCarbohydrate, :Sucrose . :TabletDrug :guid "c1005c5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tablet4n" ; :wordnet "tablet" ; a :DosageFormType, :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$TabletDrugs. An instance of #$TabletDrug is a #$Pill in #$Tablet form. A type of #$Pill which is solid. The medicine contained is mixed with a binder substance. Corresponds to part (granular tablets only, no coating) of noun sense 4 of 'tablet' in Wordnet: 4. pill, lozenge, tablet, tab - (a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GranularSubstance ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ] . :Tableware :wnsense "tableware1n" ; :wordnet "tableware" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tableware'' is an 'ObjectGroup' each element of which is some 'ProductObject' that is used in an Event of ''EatingEvent'', usually while sitting at a table or near some other flat surface to support the ''Tableware''. Includes dishes, plates, cups saucers, bowls, drinking glasses utensils, and anything else that makes eating more convenient, sanitary, or pleasant. Each piece of Tableware is a solid artifact intended for use in eating food, typically at a table. This includes forks, spoons, some knives, serving pieces, and the dishes, plates, bowls, cups, saucers, glasses, and other objects that hold or manipulate food or beverages while dining. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tableware' in WordNet: 1. tableware - (articles for use at the table (dishes and silverware and glassware)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :ObjectGroup, :PluralThing, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dining ; owl:onProperty :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dish ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bowl-Eating ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Saucer ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkingVessel ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingUtensil ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Tabloid :wnsense "rag4n", "sheet5n", "tabloid2n" ; :wordnet "rag", "sheet", "tabloid" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Tabloid'' is the generic ''NewspaperSeries'' referred to nonspecifically, not an individual copy. The articles in ''Tabloid'' newspapers often are written for people with a lower level of education that are the full-size newspapers published in large cities. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tabloid' in WordNet: 2. tabloid, rag, sheet - (newspaper with half-size pages) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NewspaperSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TabularOrdered :wnsense "tabular1adj" ; :wordnet "tabular" ; a :OrderingRelation ; rdfs:comment """To be ''TabularOrdered'' is to have One or more 'rows' each of which has one or more 'entries' such that the number of 'entries' in each 'row' are identical for all rows, and the Group of the nth entries (for a given 'n') in each of the rows forms a ''LinearlyOrdredGoup' called a 'column. Thus the total number of 'entries' equals the product of r times c, where 'r' is the number of rows and 'c is the number of columns (number of enries in each row). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tabular' in WordNet: 1. tabular - (arranged or displayed systematically in table form) """ . :TabularOrderedGroup a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TabularOrderedGroup'' is a Group that has he form of a 'table' with rows and columns, having the same number of entries in each row, This is the defaut ordering for a 'table' or an image in a digital representation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TabularOrdered ; owl:onProperty :hasOrderingRelation ] . :Tachometer :guid "bd590625-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tach1n", "tachometer1n" ; :wordnet "tach", "tachometer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device for measuring rotational frequency (usually in rpm). Can be found on the dashboard of sports cars and other automobiles that have manual shift (to help indicate when gear shifting is desirable), and also some others. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tachometer' in WordNet: 1. tachometer, tach - (measuring instrument for indicating speed of rotation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gauge, :ManufacturedGoods, :MeteringDevice, :VehiclePart . :Taciturn :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :SelfRestraint ; :wnsense "taciturn1adj" ; :wordnet "taciturn" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'taciturn' in Wordnet: 1. taciturn - (habitually reserved and uncommunicative) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restrained . :Tack :guid "be66d041-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tack2n" ; :wordnet "tack" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of tacks. Tacks are basically short nails with broad heads. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tack' in WordNet: 2. tack - (a short nail with a sharp point and a large head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, :Nail, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Short ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tackling :guid "bd589fa5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tackle3v" ; :wordnet "tackle" ; a :AnimalMotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tackling'' is an ''Assault'' in which one person causes another (a ''Runner'') to fall to the ground by thrusting his/her own body at the target; often performed by hitting or grabbing the legs. If this is done by a Person outside of a game or of pursuit by some law enforcement agent, it would also be a subtpe of ''Assault''. CYC: The process of catching, immobilizing, and slamming to the ground some moving object (like Herschel Walker). This includes the 'tackling' performed in a Football game - not illegal and usually not thought of as an ''Assault''. The WN gloss suggests only a tackle in a Football game, but this type of action is also used to down a fleeing person,such as a crime suspect. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'tackle' in WordNet: 3. tackle - (seize and throw down an opponent player, who usually carries the ball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOnObject, :HaltingEvent, :HittingaPerson, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChasingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grabbing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Runner ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Running ; owl:onProperty :finishes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prostrate ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Tacky :en "sticky" ; :wnsense "tacky1adj" ; :wordnet "tacky" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tacky'' is a qualitative attribute of a ''Sticky'' substance that coats some surface or part of a surface, that causes other solid objects to adhere when they touch the surface. This adjective is applied to the substance coating the surface or to the surface (or part) with that substance coating on it. This can describe the sticky part of a Post-It pad or of a pre-glued postage stamp that is sold in sheets affixed to a pastic coated surface from which the ''Tacky''stamp can be removed while keeping its tacky coating, or to other similar coated surfaces. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tacky' in Wordnet: 1. tacky - ((of a glutinous liquid such as paint) not completely dried and slightly sticky to the touch; \"tacky varnish\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sticky . :Taco :wnsense "taco2n" ; :wordnet "taco" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Taco'' is a ''MexicanFoodObject'' that has some ''Filling'' held in a ''Tortilla''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'taco' in WordNet: 2. taco - (a tortilla rolled cupped around a filling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MexicanFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tortilla ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MexicanFood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TacoFilling ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :TacoFilling :en "taco filling" ; :enn "taco filling" ; a :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TacoFilling'' is substance that fills the cupped-up ''Tortilla'' in a '\"Taco'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Filling, :Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tortilla ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ] . :Tact :disposesToAction :ActOfKindness ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Considerate ; :wnsense "tact1n", "tactfulness1n" ; :wordnet "tact", "tactfulness" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tact'' is the trait of someone who is careful to consider the needs and concerns and feelings of others, so as to avoid saying or doing something that might offend and to avoid causing concern or anger. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tact' in WordNet: 1. (2) tact, tactfulness - (consideration in dealing with others and avoiding giving offence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Considerateness . :Tactful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :wnsense "tactful1adj" ; :wordnet "tactful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Tactful'' characterizes Actions that aremotivated by and/or exhibit 'tact'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tactful' in Wordnet: 1. tactful - (having or showing a sense of what is fitting and considerate in dealing with others; \"she was tactful enough not to shatter his illusion\"; \"a tactful remark eased her embarrassment\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wise . :Tactic :wnsense "maneuver2n", "manoeuvre1n", "tactic1n", "tactics1n" ; :wordnet "maneuver", "manoeuvre", "tactic", "tactics" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tactic'' is a ''Plan'' that involves some Actions that are not obviously necessary. It may be relatively simple and may be part of a larger ''Strategy''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tactic' in WordNet: 1. (4) tactic, tactics, maneuver, manoeuvre - (a plan for attaining a particular goal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unobvious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tactical :isAnAttributeValueOf :Tactic ; :pertainsTo :Tactic ; :wnsense "tactical1adj" ; :wordnet "tactical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tactical'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a 'Tactic'' or to 'tactics generally. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tactical' in Wordnet: 1. tactical - (of or pertaining to tactic or tactics; 'a tactical error') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TacticalArea :en "tactical area", "theater of operation" ; :guid "60022af6-f526-41d7-92b1-9beab274a08f" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of area-like #$GeographicalThings. Each instance of #$TacticalArea is a geographcial area with tactical significance in the context of some (actual or hypothetical) military operations. As a rule, any particular #$TacticalArea should be asserted to be an instance of a specialization of this collection, such as #$RestrictiveFireArea or #$LandingZone. See also #$TacticalPoint and #$TacticalLine.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TacticalTerrainObject . :TacticalTerrainObject :guid "463f5d34-f51f-41d7-893c-a9957ce24c3f" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$GeographicalThings. Each instance of #$TacticalTerrainObject is a geographically located object, specified and given tactical status in the context of some real or hypothetical military operations. #$TacticalTerrainObjects are generally named as part of the process of military planning. They may or may not correspond to recognizable features of the underlying terrain.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalThing, :HexalateralObject, :PhysicalObject, :Place-NonAgent, :PlaceWithMilitarySignificance . :TactileSensor :guid "bd58db7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Sensor. Each instance of #$TactileSensor is a sensor that operates by coming into physical contact with the object being perceived. Instances of #$TactileSensor are usually capable of perceiving properties such as texture, hardness, and roughness.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SurfaceAttribute ; owl:onProperty :detects ] . :Tadpole :wnsense "tadpole1n" ; :wordnet "tadpole" ; a :BeastType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A frog or toad in the 'LarvalStage' of life. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tadpole' in WordNet: 1. (1) tadpole, polliwog, pollywog - (a larval frog or toad) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amphibian, :Larva . :Tag :guid "bff2c7b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tag1n" ; :wordnet "tag" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: ('Tag-IBO'): The collection of all tags. A tag is a small card-like thing or a 'sticker', usually attached to some other item with a string, or pasted on if the ''Tag'' has some adhesive on its back. . The purpose of a tag is to give a small amount of information about the thing it's attached to. See 'Tagging'' for the action of using a ''Tag'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tag' in WordNet: 1. (4) tag - (a label made of cardboard or plastic or metal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Card, :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :Paper-IBO, :PhysicalLabel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tagging ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredResourceFor ] . :TagYoureIt :wnsense "tag3n" ; :wordnet "tag" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''TagYoureIt'' is the //ChildsGame'' of'tag'. The one doing the chaser is 'it'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tag' in WordNet: 3. tag - (a game in which one child chases the others; the one who is caught becomes the next chaser) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChildsGame . :Tagalog :wasCreatedBy :TagalogSpeakers ; :wnsense "Tagalog2n" ; :wordnet "Tagalog" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Tagalog' in Wordnet: 2. Tagalog - (the language of the Tagalog on which Filipino is based) """ . :TagalogSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Tagging :wnsense "label2v", "mark1n", "tag1v" ; :wordnet "label", "mark", "tag" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tagging'' is a form of ''Labelling'' in which an Agent attaches a separate physical ''Tag'' to some PhysicalObject, by attaching it with a string or other fastening device. For the type of 'Labelling' that uses an adhesive material to put a tag on a surface of an object, use a combination of ''Labelling'' and ''Affixing'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tag' in WordNet: 1. (3) tag, label, mark - (attach a tag or label to; 'label these bottles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attaching, :Labelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tag ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :TagusRiver :flowsInto :AtlanticOcean ; :guid "bd58fabe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """one of the principal rivers of the world, located mostly in Spain, ending in the Atlantic at Lisbon, Portugal. Wikipedia: The Tagus (Latin Tagus, Spanish Tajo, Portuguese Tejo, is the longest river on the Iberian Peninsula. It measures 1,038 kilometers in length, 716 km of which are in Spain, 47 km as border between Portugal and Spain and the remaining 275 km in Portugal, where it empties into the Atlantic at Lisbon. It drains an area of 80,100 square km (the second largest in the Iberian peninsula after the Douro). It follows a very constricted course for much of its length, but after Almourol it enters a vast alluvial valley prone to flooding. Today the Alcantara Dam regulates much of the river's flow. The source of the Tagus is the Fuente de Garcia, in the Albarracin mountains. All its major tributaries enter the Tagus from the right (north) bank. The main cities it passes through are Aranjuez, Toledo and Talavera de la Reina in Spain, and Abrantes, Santarem, Almada and Lisbon in Portugal.""" . :Taiga :en "taiga" ; :enn "taiga" ; :guid "c0912e21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. Each instance is characterized by extensive forestation, short, cool summers, and long, cold winters with heavy snowfall. Also known as boreal forests. Predominant trees are pine, larch, spruce, and fir. Source: The Times Atlas of the World (1995). RHW: the coniferous evergreen forests of subarctic lands, covering vast areas of northern North America and Eurasia. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalPlace, :GeographicalZone, :Tract, :Wilderness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forested ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tail :CYC "Tail-BodyPart" ; :guid "bd58e20b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tail" ; :wnsense "tail1n" ; :wordnet "tail" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The appendage attached to the rear end of an animal. In Cyc called 'Tail-BodyPart'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tail' in WordNet: 1. (6) tail - (the posterior part of the body of a vertebrate especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :FlexibleObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ] . :TailWagging :wnsense "wag1v", "waggle1v" ; :wordnet "wag", "waggle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each''TailWagging'' is a ''Wagging'' performed by a ''NonHumanAnimal'' (usually a Dog or Cat), in which the bodypart wagged is the ''Tail'' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'wag' in WordNet: 1. (3) wag, waggle - (move from side to side; 'The happy dog wagged his tail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wagging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tail ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ] . :Tailgate :guid "c100967b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tailboard1n", "tailgate1n" ; :wordnet "tailboard", "tailgate" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Usually but not always on a ''PickupTruck''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tailgate' in WordNet: 1. (1) tailgate, tailboard - (a gate at the rear of a vehicle; can be lowered for loading) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Door, :ManufacturedGoods, :MechanicalAutoPart, :RearPartOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PickupTruck ; owl:onProperty :mayBeaBodyPartOf ] . :Tailor :wnsense "sartor1n", "seamster1n", "tailor1n" ; :wordnet "sartor", "seamster", "tailor" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who produces objects of clothing as a profession. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tailor' in WordNet: 1. tailor, seamster, sartor - (a person whose occupation is making and altering garments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GarmentMaker, :ProfessionalPerson . :Tainting :wnsense "cloud1v", "defile1v", "sully1v", "taint1v" ; :wordnet "cloud", "defile", "sully", "taint" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taint' in WordNet: 1. defile, sully, corrupt, taint, cloud - (place under suspicion or cast doubt upon; 'sully someone's reputation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DamagingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImprovementEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ] . :Taiwan :hasISO3166_Digraph "TW" ; :wnsense "Taiwan1n" ; :wordnet "Taiwan" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Taiwan' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Taiwan, China, Nationalist China, Republic of China - (a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the communists led by Mao Zedong) """ . :Taiwanese :pertainsTo :Taiwan, :TaiwanesePerson ; :wnsense "Taiwanese1adj" ; :wordnet "Taiwanese" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Taiwanese'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Taiwan'' or a ''TaiwanesePerson''. This is usually written with a capital 'G'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Taiwanese' in WordNet: 1. Taiwanese, Chinese, Formosan - (of or relating to or characteristic of the island republic on Taiwan or its residents or their language; \"the Taiwanese capital is Taipeh\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TaiwanesePerson :wnsense "Taiwanese1n" ; :wordnet "Taiwanese" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Taiwanese' in Wordnet: 1. Taiwanese - (a native or inhabitant of Taiwan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Taiwan ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :TajMahal :commemorates :MumtazMahal ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasPhysicalPart :TajMahal ; :isLocatedAt :Agra ; :isOwnedBy :GovernmentOfIndia ; :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf :MumtazMahal ; :wasCreatedAtTheRequestOf :ShahJahan ; :wasCreatedByEvent :ConstructionOfTheTajMahal ; :wnsense "Taj Mahal1n" ; :wordnet "Taj Mahal" ; a :Mausoleum ; rdfs:comment """The Taj Mahal (meaning 'Crown Palace'). Built over 22 years by the Mughal (Mogul) Emperor of India, Shah Jahan (died 1666 A.D.), in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. It was completed in 1648 A.D. and is considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. It houses the bodies of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan. For more information, see: http://www.islamicity.com/Culture/Taj/default.htm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Taj Mahal' in WordNet: 1. Taj Mahal - (beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife) """ . :Tajikistan :wnsense "Uzbekistan1n" ; :wordnet "Uzbekistan" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tajikistan' (capitalized) in WordNet: 1. Tajikistan, Republic of Tajikistan, Tadzhikistan, Tadzhik, Tadjik, Tajik - (a landlocked mountainous republic in southeast central Asia north of Afghanistan; formerly an Asian soviet) """ . :TakeOutFoodObject :wnsense "takeaway1n", "takeout food1n", "takeout1n" ; :wordnet "takeaway", "takeout", "takeout food" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TakeOutFoodObject'' is a ''PreparedFood'' that is deleiverd in a form that can be taken from the food shop to eat elsewhere - outdoors or at home or at the office. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'takeout food' in WordNet: 1. takeout, takeout food, takeaway - (prepared food that is intended to be eaten off of the premises; 'in England they call takeout food 'takeaway'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Food-ReadyToEat, :PreparedFood, :SmallObject, :SolidFoodObject . :Taken :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :TakingSomething ; :wnsense "taken2adj" ; :wordnet "taken" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'taken' in Wordnet: 2. taken - (having possession gained especially by force or effort) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Taker :wnsense "taker1n" ; :wordnet "taker" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Taker'' is a Person that performs a ''TakingSomething'' Action, which could be the receiving side of a ''Buying'' Action. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'taker' in WordNet: 1. taker - (one who accepts an offer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Customer, :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :TakingSomething ] . :TakingAStep :guid "bd589806-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "footstep" ; :wnsense "footstep2n" ; :wordnet "footstep" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: taking one step can be performed by any animal with legs, including millpedes. Each TakingAStep can be forward or backward, very slow, normal pace, or fast as in running. Cyc: The act of raising a foot, moving it forwards (backwards in some cases) and placing it down again. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'footstep' in WordNet: 2. (4) footstep - (the act of taking a step in walking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent . :TakingAction :en "take action", "taking action" ; :wnsense "begin3v", "commence2v", "lead off2v", "start2v" ; :wordnet "begin", "commence", "lead off", "start" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingAction'' is an ''Action'' in which some agent starts to perform some Action that addresses some existing need or desire, but not yet performed. This is very general This differs from subtype ''StartingAnAction'' in that this can be a complete Action in itself, not just the starting part of a longer Action. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'start' in WordNet: 2. (45) begin, lead off, start, commence - (set in motion, cause to start; 'The U.S. started a war in the Middle East'; 'The Iraqis began hostilities'; 'begin a new chapter in your life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :TakingAnAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inaction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Initiative ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Inaction . :TakingAfterSomeone :wnsense "emulate1v", "emulation1n", "emulation3n", "follow11v", "take after2v" ; :wordnet "emulate", "emulation", "follow", "take after" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingAfterSomeone'' is an ''Imitating'' of some part of a Person's behavior that the imitator admires. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'take after' in WordNet: 2. take after, follow - (imitate in behavior; take as a model; 'Teenagers follow their friends in everything') WN noun 'emulation': 1. emulation - (ambition to equal or excel) 3. emulation - (effort to equal or surpass another) WN verb 'emulate': 1. (2) emulate - (strive to equal or match, especially by imitating; 'He is emulating the skating skills of his older sister') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imitating . :TakingAnAction :wnsense "take1v" ; :wordnet "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingAction'' represents the sense of 'take' representing the Action a Person does when s/he 'takes' some ''HumanActivity''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'take' in WordNet: 1. (92) take - (carry out; 'take action'; 'take steps'; 'take vengeance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :ActionType ] . :TakingAnAverage :ldoce "average" ; :wnsense "average3v" ; :wordnet "average" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of dividing a sum by the count of the numbers summed - getting an arithmetic mean. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'average' in WordNet: 3. (1) average, average out - (compute the average of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingAnArithmeticOperation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Average ] . :TakingAnExam :en "being tested", "take a test", "take an exam" ; :eng "taking a test", "taking an exam" ; :env "take a test", "take an exam" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingAnExam'' is that part of an ''Examining'' in which the person who is being examined answers questions or performs tasks to demonstrate her/his degree of skill. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingAnAction, :Undergoing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TestOfSkill ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TestOfSkill ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :TakingAnOath :ldoce "swear" ; :wnsense "affirm2v", "assert1v", "aver2v", "avow1v", "swan1v", "swear2v", "swear3v", "verify4v" ; :wordnet "affirm", "assert", "aver", "avow", "swan", "swear", "verify" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Swearing an oath, a solemn commitment that one swears is true. This Action creates an Oath, which is a LinguisticAssertion (some string of abstract words). It can be done orally or in writing. Includes sense 1,2, and 3 of 'swear' in RHW: 1. to make a solemn declaration or affirmation by some sacred being or object, as a deity or the Bible. 2. to bind oneself by oath. 3. to give evidence or make a statement on oath. Includes senses 2,and 3 of 'swear' in WordNet: 2. (8) affirm, verify, assert, avow, aver, swan, swear - (to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; 'Before God I swear I am innocent') 3. (2) swear - (promise solemnly; take an oath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Oath ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Obligation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Consequential ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Somber ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TakingAnX-Ray :wnsense "x-ray1v", "x-ray2v" ; :wordnet "x-ray" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingAnX-Ray'' is to create an ''XRayImage'' in some form using an 'XRayPhotographicDevice'. Includes senses 1 and2 of 'x-ray' in WordNet: 1. x-ray - (examine by taking x-rays) 2. x-ray - (take an x-ray of something or somebody; 'The doctor x-rayed my chest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :VisualImageRecording, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :XRayImage ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :TakingCareOfSomething :en "care for", "deal with", "take care of" ; :eng "handling", "managing" ; :guid "bd58d0f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasCorrespondingProcess :TakingCareOfSomethingProcess ; :ldoce "attend", "care", "deal", "handle", "manage", "mind", "tend" ; :wnsense "aid4n", "attend2v", "attention2n", "care1n", "care2v", "care4v", "deal2v", "deal7v", "handle1v", "manage2v", "mind3v", "take care2v", "take care3v", "tend2v", "tend3v", "tending1n" ; :wordnet "aid", "attend", "attention", "care", "deal", "handle", "manage", "mind", "take care", "tend", "tending" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of variety of ''Action''s in which some agent acts purposefully so as to deal with or handle some situation that needs attention. NOTE that this COSMO usage seems slightly broader than the CYC documentation (below), as this does not necessarily promote 'health' or 'good condition' of an object. The difference from the more general 'PurposefulPhysicalAction' is that an agent intentionally assumes responsibility to take care of some job that needs doing - but this has not yet (r977) been formalize in axioms. This includes managing operations. NOTE that the restrition specifies that the Objecttended is a PhysicalObject. If this type is used for 'taking care of' an ''Organization'', that would have to include abstract objects, and the 'Physical' part of the restriction should be deleted. For 'maintenance', keeping something in working order, use ''MaintainingAnObject''. Linguistically expressed as 'take care of'; deal with', 'attend to'; see to'; 'care for'; 'maintain' is the subtype ''MaintainingAnObject''), and others. CYC: A specialization of #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$TakingCareOfSomething is a purposeful action in which an agent acts to maintain, preserve, or promote the health or good condition of someone or something (the thing taken care of is related to the action via the predicate #$objectTakenCareOf (q.v.)). Notable specializations of #$TakingCareOfSomething include #$Exercising, #$MedicalTreatmentEvent, and #$TeethCleaning. Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'tend' and part of sense 2 'manage' and verb sense 1 of 'handle' and verb senses 2 and 4 of 'care' and verb senses 2, 4, and 7 of 'deal'; also includes verb sense 2 of 'attend' (attend to, take care of), and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'take care' and verb sense 3 of 'TakingCareOfSomething' in WordNet: WN verb 'tend': 2. (3) tend - (have care of or look after; She tends to the children) 3. (1) tend - (manage or run; tend a store) WN 'manage': 2. (5) manage, deal, care, handle - (be in charge of, act on, or dispose of; 'I can deal with this crew of workers'; 'This blender can't handle nuts'; 'She managed her parents' affairs after they got too old') WN verb 'care': 2. (9) care, give care - (provide care for; 'The nurse was caring for the wounded') 4. (4) manage, deal, care, handle - (be in charge of, act on, or dispose of; 'I can deal with this crew of workers'; 'This blender can't handle nuts'; 'She managed her parents' affairs after they got too old') WN verb 'attend': 2. (2) attend, take care, look, see - (take charge of or deal with; 'Could you see about lunch?'; 'I must attend to this matter'; 'She took care of this business') WN verb 'take care': 2. (8) take care, mind - (be in charge of or deal with; 'She takes care of all the necessary arrangements') 3. (6) attend, take care, look, see - (take charge of or deal with; 'Could you see about lunch?'; 'I must attend to this matter'; 'She took care of this business') WN verb 'deal': 2. (16) deal - (take action with respect to (someone or something); How are we going to deal with this problem?; The teacher knew how to deal with these lazy students) 7. (3) manage, deal, care, handle - (be in charge of, act on, or dispose of; I can deal with this crew of workers; This blender can't handle nuts; She managed her parents' affairs after they got too old) WN noun 'tending': 1. (1) care, attention, aid, tending - (the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something; 'no medical care was required'; 'the old car needs constant attention') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :TakingCareOfSomethingProcess :guid "bd58d0f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasCorrespondingEvent :TakingCareOfSomething ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the process corresponding to a TakingCareOfSomething. In Cyc no distinction is made in the hierarchy between Event and Process. NOTE: the LDOCE and WordNet mappings are to 'TakingCareOfSomething'. Cyc: A specialization of #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$TakingCareOfSomething is a purposeful action in which an agent acts to maintain, preserve, or promote the health or good condition of someone or something (the thing taken care of is related to the action via the predicate #$objectTakenCareOf (q.v.)). Notable specializations of #$TakingCareOfSomething include #$Exercising, #$MedicalTreatmentEvent, and #$TeethCleaning.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalProcess . :TakingCareOfaChild :CYC "ChildcareService" ; :guid "c0528f1b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "child care1n", "childcare1n" ; :wordnet "child care", "childcare" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'ChildcareService' - approximately. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'child care' in WordNet: 1. (1) childcare, child care - (a service involving care for other people's children) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceEvent, :TakingCareOfaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Child ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChildcareWorker ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingaChild ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :TakingCareOfaPerson :en "caregiving", "caring for a person", "take care of a person", "taking care of a person" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingCareOfaPerson'' is the generic 'caregiving' where the beneficiary taken care of is a ''Person'' - typically one who cannot take care of his/herself (a child or dependent adult). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingAnAgent, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Caregiver ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :TakingIntoConsideration :en "considering", "take into consideration" ; :eng "taking into consideration" ; :ldoce "consider" ; :wnsense "consider4v", "count3v", "weigh2v" ; :wordnet "consider", "count", "weigh" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingIntoConsideration'' is to include some 'factor' in making a decision. Corresponds to Sense 4 of 'consider' in WordNet: 4. (27) consider, count, weigh - (show consideration for; take into account; 'You must consider her age'; 'The judge considered the offender's youth and was lenient') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThinkingAboutSomething . :TakingOnesTurn :en "take one's turn", "turns" ; :eng "taking one's turn" ; :ennp "turns" ; :env "take one's turn" ; :wnsense "play15v", "turn3n" ; :wordnet "play", "turn" ; a :RecurringActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''TakingOnesTurn'' is specifically for that part of a ''GameEvent'' in which one Player performs some action at a point in a specified \"ReiterativeActionSeries\" in the game, where a previous player has completed her/his allowed action. This is usually performed in competitive games like Chess, Bridge, and other card games. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'turn' in WordNet: 3. (4) turn, play - ((game) the activity of doing something in an agreed succession; 'it is my turn'; 'it is still my play') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ReiterativeGameEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Turn ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :TakingPossessionOfSomething :wnsense "take8v" ; :wordnet "take" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingPossessionOfSomething'' is a broad class of Actions in which an Agent (Personof Organization) acquires posession and control possibly temporary) of something, physical or abstract (as a right or quantity of money). This can be due to any number of reasons, and for any purpose, and may be for the use of the agent gaining possession or for some other agent (as in collecting taxes or fees). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'take' in WordNet: 8. (28) take - (take into one's possession; 'We are taking an orphan from Romania'; 'I'll take three salmon steaks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Obtaining, :Receiving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :TakingRisks :en "gambling", "running a risk", "taking a chance" ; :guid "be00ccb8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chance2v", "gamble1v", "risk2v", "run a risk1v", "take a chance1v", "take chances1v" ; :wordnet "chance", "gamble", "risk", "run a risk", "take a chance", "take chances" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: ''TakingRisks'' includes ''Gambling'' (wagering) as a subtype and also risking something valuable in any situation that does not typically result in physical harm to a participant, such as war or fighting or daredevil feats. ''TakingRisks'' is Knowingly performing a RiskyAction in the hope of achieving some gain - this is not just gambling money. This is the general sense including intransitive usage: 'he gambled with his savings'. The transitive sense in which the thing risked is explicitly mentioned is the subtype'RiskingSomething'. Cyc: The collection of acts of playing a #$GameEvent for money or property, or wagering on any uncertain outcome. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'gamble' and verb sense 2 of 'risk' in Wordnet in WordNet: 2. (2) gamble, chance, risk, hazard, take chances, adventure, run a risk, take a chance - (take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; 'When you buy these stocks you are gambling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, :HumanActivity, :RiskingSomething . :TakingSomething :eng "taking" ; :guid "bd58c696-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "take21v" ; :wordnet "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for someone gaining possession by taking something; for 'taking something away' use ''TakingSomethingAway''. This is the most general sense of 'taking' and does not necessarily require that the thing 'taken' is a ''PhysicalObject'' - it could be a right or something elses abstract (a name, an honor, etc.). NOTE: the WN gloss includes 'by force' as part of the meaning, but this type does not require force in the commision of the ''TakingSomething''. It is only necessary that the thing taken had been in the possession of some other agent(s), who did not want the thing to be taken. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 21 of 'take' in WordNet: 21. (13) take - (take by force; 'Hitler took the Baltic Republics'; 'The army took the fort on the hill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GainingControl, :GainingUserRights, :Obtaining, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUndesirableTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Taken ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Taker ] . :TakingSomethingAway :en "taking something away" ; :enn "taking something away" ; :wnsense "carry away1v", "take away1v", "take away2v", "take away3v" ; :wordnet "carry away", "take away" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TakingSomethingAway'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' Event in which an Agent loads something at a location and carries it to another location; this starts a ''Carrying'' event. NOTE That an instance of this type may or may not also be a ''TakingSomething'' depending on whether the agent doing the taking intends to keep the thing taken. Includes parts of verb senses 1, 2, and 4 (the physical carrying) of 'take away' in Wordnet: 1. (5) take away, bear off, bear away, carry away, carry off - (remove from a certain place, environment, or mental or emotional state; transport into a new location or state; 'Their dreams carried the Romantics away into distant lands'; 'The car carried us off to the meeting'; 'I'll take you away on a holiday'; 'I got carried away when I saw the dead man and I started to cry') 3. (4) take away, take out - (take out or remove; 'take out the chicken after adding the vegetables') 4. (2) take away - (take from a person or place; 'We took the abused child away from its parents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carrying, :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Carrying ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ] . :TakingSomethingOff :wnsense "take off2v" ; :wordnet "take off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingSomethingOff'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' where a solid object supported by another Object is removed from the supporting object. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'take off' in WordNet: 2. (6) take off - (take away or remove; 'Take that weight off me!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ] . :TakingSomethingPhysical :eng "taking" ; :guid "bd58c696-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "get hold of1v", "take4v" ; :wordnet "get hold of", "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for someone gaining possession by taking something; for 'taking something away' use ''TakingSomethingAway''. This requires that the thing 'taken' is a ''PhysicalObject''. CYC: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$GainingUserRights. In an instance of #$TakingSomething, an #$Agent takes an object, in the sense of taking it away or using or exercising access to it. The agent may or may not have any legal right or authorization to use that object. In an instance of #$TakingSomething, the taker (the #$toPossessor) must intend and actively (attempt to) acquire the #$objectTaken, so the taking event is intentional and thus, strictly speaking, #$performedBy the taker. Includes but is broader than (e.g. taking a territory) verb sense 4 of 'take' in WordNet: 4. (52) take, get hold of - (get into one's hands, take physically; 'Take a cookie!'; 'Can you take this bag, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingSomething . :TakingTurns :wnsense "alternate5v", "take turns1v" ; :wordnet "alternate", "take turns" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TakingTurns'' is a ''ReiterativeActionSeries'' in which one Agent performs an Action (''TakingOnesTurn''), which is followed by a second Agent who performs a similar kind of Action, followed (directly or after intervening Actions by other agent(s)) by the first Agent performing an Action, and in which other agents may also perform actions, each following a specific agent and preceding a specific agent, in a defined order of succession, until the actions cycle back to the first agent, when that series repeats, until some endpoint is reached. This is the manner in which many competition games are designed,such as 'chess' or card games. This orderly series of Actions can only be performed by People or other trained ''IntelligentAgent''s Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'take turns' in WordNet: 1. (2) alternate, take turns - (do something in turns; 'We take turns on the night shift') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReiterativeActionSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingOnesTurn ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :TakingUpTime :en "take up" ; :wnsense "occupy6v", "take2v", "use up2v" ; :wordnet "occupy", "take", "use up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingUpTime'' is a SubEvent of some Action in which some quantity of Time is used up (or would be used up, for prospective Actions). Use this to express 'how long will that take?':: X causes - TakingUpTime (instance) Corresponds to part (for Time) verb sense 2 of 'take' in WordNet: 2. (75) take, occupy, use up - (require (time or space); 'It took three hours to get to work this morning'; 'This event occupied a very short time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimeDuration ; owl:onProperty :consumes ] . :TakingaCourse :en "take a course" ; :eng "taking a course" ; :env "take a course" ; :wnsense "learn4v", "read8v", "study4v", "take25v" ; :wordnet "learn", "read", "study", "take" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person who is ''TakingaCourse'' is one formally enrolled in some ''CourseOfInstruction'' at ''EducationalOrganization''. This is ususally done at a ''\"SchoolBuilding'' but may be physically located in some off-campus site. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'take' in WordNet: 25. (6) learn, study, read, take - (be a student of a certain subject; 'She is reading for the bar exam') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingPresent, :BeingaStudent, :Participation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Student ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourseOfInstruction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttendingaClass ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EducationalOrganization ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :TakingaLotOfTime :en "take a lot of time" ; :eng "taking a lot of time" ; :env "take a lot of time" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingaLotOfTime'' is a ''TakingUpTime'' that co-occurs with some Action that consumes more time than some reference ''HumanActivity'', of the same or of a different type of ''HumanActivity''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingUpTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Patience ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :TakingaPhotograph :en "photographing" ; :guid "0551bd08-9957-41d8-9cdd-dd543a3553d7" ; :ldoce "photograph" ; :wnsense "photograph1v" ; :wordnet "photograph" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$VisualImageRecording. Each instance of #$TakingaPhotograph is an event in which a single still #$VisualImage is recorded using a #$StillCamera. Notable specializations include #$TakingAPhotograph-DigitalCamera and #$TakingAPhotograph-FilmCamera. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'photograph' in WordNet, but is broader, including taking a digital photograph: in WordNet: 1. (9) photograph, snap, shoot - (record on photographic film; 'I photographed the scene of the accident'; 'She snapped a picture of the President') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExposingToLight, :HumanActivity, :VisualArtActivity, :VisualImageRecording, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CapturedImage :Photograph ) ] ] . :TakingaSample :en "sampling" ; :wnsense "sample1v" ; :wordnet "sample" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TakingaSample'' is an Action taken with the intention of gaining control of a sample (''SampleOfSubstance'' or ''StatisticalSample''), usually so as to gain some information about the 'whole' from which the sample was taken. The WordNet verb 'sample' focuses on taking a taste as a method of sampling, but that is only a small part of this broader sense. Includes but is broader than verb sense 1 of 'sample' in WordNet - the sample can be of any type,not just a taste.: in WordNet: 1. (7) sample, try, try out, taste - (take a sample of; 'Try these new crackers'; 'Sample the regional dishes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingSomethingPhysical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:StatisticalSample :SampleOfSubstance :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :TakingaTrip :ldoce "journey", "travel", "trip" ; :wnsense "journey1n", "journey2v", "travel1n", "travel2v", "travel3v", "travel5v", "travel6v", "trip1n" ; :wordnet "journey", "travel", "trip" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TakingaTrip' is the type including all Actions in which one or more people go, by any means of conveyance, including walking, from a base point (typically but not necessarily their home) to some other location, for any purpose. This includes one-way and round-trip traveling, and can be as short range as 'taking a trip' to the grocery store on foot, or visiting a next-door neighbor's house. More extended journeys are represented by 'Travel-TripEvent'; for travel outside one's town or overnight, that type should be used. Includes verb sense 1 of 'journey' and noun sense 1 of 'journey' in WordNet, and noun sense 1 of 'travel', and noun sense 1 of 'trip', and includes verb senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'travel' in WordNet. Verb sense 5 of 'travel' in WordNet is the more general sense that can include any kind of intentional translocation of a person from place to place. in WordNet: WN 'journey' noun: 1. (17) journey, journeying - (the act of traveling from one place to another) WN 'journey' verb: 1. (1) travel, journey - (undertake a journey or trip) WN 'travel' noun: 1. (7) travel, traveling, travelling - (the act of going from one place to another; 'he enjoyed selling but he hated the travel') WN 'travel' verb: 2. (9) travel, journey - (undertake a journey or trip) 3. (3) travel, trip, jaunt - (make a trip for pleasure) 6. travel, move around - (travel from place to place, as for the purpose of finding work, preaching, or acting as a judge) WN The more general 'travel' is included, as a parent type: 5. (1) travel - (undergo transportation as in a vehicle; 'We travelled North on Rte. 508') WN 'trip' noun: 1. (659) trip - (a journey for some purpose (usually including the return); 'he took a trip to the shopping center') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoingSomewhere, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction . :Talc :guid "c1113bd7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Magnesium, :Oxygen, :Silicon ; :wnsense "talc1n", "talcum1n" ; :wordnet "talc", "talcum" ; a :MineralType, :NaturalResourceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'talc' in WordNet: 1. talc, talcum - (a fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in a variety of products including talcum powder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :Tale :wnsense "narration1n", "narrative1n", "story1n", "tale1n" ; :wordnet "narration", "narrative", "story", "tale" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """n COSMO a ''Tale'' is a ''Narrative'' (an ''AbstractText'') that is not asserted to be fictional (for that use ''FictionalStory'') but is not presented in a manner of a authoritative non-fictional work. It may be true, and may not. This is usually for short ''Story''s that are narrated orally. For ''Tale''s that are so incredible they must be fictional use subtype ''TallTale''. 'Tales From the Whte Hart' - book by Arthur Clarke Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tale' in WordNet: 1. (26) narrative, narration, story, tale - (a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program; 'his narrative was interesting'; 'Disney's stories entertain adults as well as children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narrative . :Talent :isMoreIntenseThan :Aptitude ; :wnsense "endowment1n", "gift2n", "natural endowment1n", "talent1n" ; :wordnet "endowment", "gift", "natural endowment", "talent" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Talent' is a higher and more conspicuous degree of''Aptitude'' that makes an agent stand out for having that ability. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'talent' in WordNet: 1. (14) endowment, gift, talent, natural endowment - (natural abilities or qualities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aptitude . :Talented :wnsense "talented1adj" ; :wordnet "talented" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Talented' is the attribute of someone who has a significantly higher than average ability to perform some tasks,which may be mental or physical, and which require more than just physical strength. NOTE that in COSMO 'gifted' is considered as a higher level of ability than 'talented' Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'talented' in WordNet: 1. talented, gifted - (endowed with talent or talents; 'a gifted writer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonTraitValue . :Taliban :wnsense "Taleban1n", "Taliban1n" ; :wordnet "Taleban", "Taliban" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Taliban'' is a ''ReligiousMovement'' that is working to achieve political power in Afghanistan by military force. It is a ''ParamilitaryOrganization'', some types of which coordinate with a government or government forces. but the Taliban started without any association with a government, and took up governing activities after seizing territory in Afghanistan. This might be considered as an instance of ''ReligiousMovement'', but has some variations and is here represented as an owl:Class. NOTE:WN does not distinguish between the 'Taliban' as a religious group and the Taliban fighting forces. This type represents the religious movement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Taliban' in WordNet: 1. Taliban, Taleban - (a fundamentalist Islamic militia; in 1995 the Taliban militia took over Afghanistan and in 1996 took Kabul and set up an Islamic government; 'the Taliban enforced a strict Muslim code of behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Afghanistan ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Islamic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TalibanMilitia :wnsense "Taleban1n", "Taliban1n" ; :wordnet "Taleban", "Taliban" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''TalibanMilitia'' is a ''ParamilitaryOrganizationt'' that is the fighting arm of the ''Taliban'' religious movement in Afghanistan. NOTE:WN does not distinguish between the 'Taliban' as a religious group and the Taliban fighting forces. This type represents the fighting forces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Taliban' in WordNet: 1. Taliban, Taleban - (a fundamentalist Islamic militia; in 1995 the Taliban militia took over Afghanistan and in 1996 took Kabul and set up an Islamic government; 'the Taliban enforced a strict Muslim code of behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ParamilitaryOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Afghanistan ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Talkative :isAnAttributeValueOf :Chatterbox ; :wnsense "chatty1adj", "gabby1adj", "garrulous1adj", "loquacious1adj", "talkative1adj", "talky1adj" ; :wordnet "chatty", "gabby", "garrulous", "loquacious", "talkative", "talky" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Talkative'' is an AttributeValue of a person who talks more than is appropriate or welcome, often habitually Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'talkative' in Wordnet: 1. (1) chatty, gabby, garrulous, loquacious, talkative, talky - (full of trivial conversation; \"kept from her housework by gabby neighbors\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Talking :en "talking" ; :guid "c066b286-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "talk" ; :wnsense "talk1v" ; :wordnet "talk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of actions. Each instance of #$Talking is an action in which somebody (often by #$Speaking) creates a meaningful phrase. #$Talking is often a subevent in various #$Communicating events. Note that not all instances of #$Talking involve #$Speaking, since sometimes people can talk using some non-oral language, e.g., #$AmericanSignLanguage. #$Talking, however, is disjoint with #$Writing. This type includes sign language, therefore does not always produce ''Speech'' sounds.. For oral speaking, use 'Speaking'. NOTE that cyc does not restrict 'Talking' to humans. For Human talking orally, see 'Speaking'. Corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'talk' in WordNet; NOTE that WordNet does not explicitly indicate whether sign language is included, but this type does include sign language. : in WordNet: 1. (109) talk, speak - (exchange thoughts ; talk with; 'We often talk business'; 'Actions talk louder than words') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerceivableHumanAction, :UsingALanguage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speech ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Tall :isTheOppositeOf :Low, :Short ; :wnsense "tall1adj" ; :wordnet "tall" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects that have a vertical extension greater than is typical for objects of that type. The objects can be stationary or mobile (such as people). Thisis a relative attribute, interpreted in the context of the typical corresponding attribute of a typical example of that type. For fixed objects like mountains or buildings, use ''High''. When used for people, the opposite is 'short'; for stationary objects, it would be 'low'. But 'Short' in COSMO is an attribute of Length. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tall' in WordNet: 1. (74) tall - (great in vertical dimension; high in stature; 'tall people'; 'tall buildings'; 'tall trees'; 'tall ships') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TallBuilding :en "tall building" ; :enn "tall building" ; :wnsense "high-rise1n", "tower block1n" ; :wordnet "high-rise", "tower block" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TallBuilding'' is a ''Building'' that is at least six storeys tall and has an ''Elevator''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'high-rise' in WordNet: 1. high-rise, tower block - (tower consisting of a multistoried building of offices or apartments; \"`tower block' is the British term for `high-rise' \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiStoreyBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Storey ; owl:minCardinality "6" ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :High-Rise ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Elevator ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Taller :en "taller" ; :enadj "taller" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects that have a vertical extension that is greater - in comparison to some other object or the same Object at a prior or later time. The Object with this attribute is not necessarily ''Tall' if it is only ''Taller'' than some Object that is ''Short''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Talon :guid "bd58dbe9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "talon1n" ; :wordnet "talon" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sharp claws possessed by birds of prey. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'talon' in WordNet: 1. talon - (a sharp hooked claw especially on a bird of prey) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirdClaw, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdOfPrey ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Talus :guid "be3550ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "anklebone1n", "astragal1n", "astragalus2n", "talus2n" ; :wordnet "anklebone", "astragal", "astragalus", "talus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'talus' in WordNet: 2. anklebone, astragal, astragalus, talus - (the bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegBone . :Tamberlane :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Tamberlane ; a :Alias . :Tambourine :guid "bd6612a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tambourine1n" ; :wordnet "tambourine" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """small hand held drum with metal disks in the sides. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tambourine' in WordNet: 1. tambourine - (a shallow drum with a single drumhead and with metallic disks in the sides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrumInstrument, :HandHeldObject, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Drumhead ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :TameAnimal :guid "c0fcd4a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BeastType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$NonPersonAnimal. Each instance of #$TameAnimal is a non-human animal that is generally not afraid of humans (so that it will generally not flee when humans approach it, but that is not a necessary criterion as many tam eanimals are afraid of unfamiliar people), and which will generally not attack humans. An important specialization of #$TameAnimal is #$DomesticatedAnimal.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalRole, :NonHumanAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tamed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tamed :isTheOppositeOf :Wild ; :wnsense "tame3adj", "tamed1adj" ; :wordnet "tame", "tamed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of animals meaning that they have been dometicated or tamed - and are docile in the presence of people. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 3 of 'tame' in WordNet, pertaining to animals, not to plants: in WordNet: 3. tame, tamed - (brought from wildness into a domesticated state; 'tame animals'; 'fields of tame blueberries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Tamerlane :hasAlias :Tamberlane, :Timur, :Timur_Leng ; :hasMassInGrams "20000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; a :Person ; rdfs:comment """The famous conqueror of much of western Asia, his remains reside in the Gur Emir Mausoleum in Samarkand.""" . :Tan :wnsense "tan1adj", "tan2n" ; :wordnet "tan" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color tan. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tan' in WordNet: 2. (1) tan, topaz - (a light brown the color of topaz) WN adj 'tan' 1. tan - (of a light yellowish-brown color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brownish . :Tandem :wnsense "tandem1n" ; :wordnet "tandem" ; a :GroupType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tandem'' is an ''Alignment'' of objects that are in a straight line, with some Event (e.g. motion) or property permitting the assignment of a 'front and 'back' for objects in that line. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tandem' in WordNet: 1. tandem - (an arrangement of two or more objects or persons one behind another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alignment, :FrontAndBackSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Tangible :wnsense "palpable1adj", "palpable2adj", "tangible1adj", "tangible4adj" ; :wordnet "palpable", "tangible" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tangible'' is an Attribute of a PhysicalObject that can be perceived by the human sense of touch - by touching. This requires that it be larger than a MicroscopicObject if solid. But the flow of a current of water or wind can also be felt. NOTE: logical implication is the requirement of the use of the sense of touch - for @FOL version. NOTE: for the other part of sense 4 (not referring to the sense of touch,but to ideas or distinctions) use ''Palpable''. Includes adjective senses 1 and part of sense 4 of 'tangible' and sense 2 of'palpable' in WordNet: 1. (1) tangible, touchable - (perceptible by the senses especially the sense of touch; 'skin with a tangible roughness') 4. palpable, tangible - (capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind; especially capable of being handled or touched or felt; 'a barely palpable dust'; 'felt sudden anger in a palpable wave'; 'the air was warm and close-palpable as cotton') WN adj 'palpable': 2. palpable - (can be felt by palpation; 'a palpable tumor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceivable . :Tangle :wnsense "tangle1n" ; :wordnet "tangle" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tangle'' is a Group of one or more ''CordlikeObject''s that have been intertwined in such a way that pulling on one thread moves the entire ''Tangle''. This can be part of a single ''CordlikeObject'' or more than one ''CordlikeObject'' intertwined with each other. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tangle' in WordNet: 1. (2) tangle - (a twisted and tangled mass that is highly interwoven; 'they carved their way through the tangle of vines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tangled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tangled :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :TanglingCords ; :wnsense "tangled1adj" ; :wordnet "tangled" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tangled' in Wordnet: 1. (5) tangled - (in a confused mass; 'pushed back her tangled hair'; 'the tangled ropes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :TanglingCords :wnsense "entangle2v", "mat1v", "snarl3v", "tangle4v" ; :wordnet "entangle", "mat", "snarl", "tangle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TanglingCords'' is an Event (possibly natural, as in a jungle, or unintentional, as with ''Hair'') in which ''a Group of one or more ''CordlikeObject''s become entangled, creating a ''Tangle''. The ''''Tangle'' produced is not a simple linear object as is the product of an ''Intertwining'', so this is not a subtype of ''Intertwining''. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'tangle' in WordNet: 4. entangle, tangle, mat, snarl - (twist together or entwine into a confusing mass; 'The child entangled the cord') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, :Twisting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tangle ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tangled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Tank :guid "c1007cbe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "army tank1n", "tank1n" ; :wordnet "army tank", "tank" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A heavily armored military device running on treads, with a cannon attached. CYC ('Tank-Vehicle'): #$Tank-Vehicle is a specialization of #$TrackedVehicle-Armored, #$WeaponSystem, and #$ProjectileLauncher-Direct. Each instance of #$Tank-Vehicle is an armored vehicle designed for military purposes, with mounted guns, heavy armor, and tracked wheels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tank' in WordNet: 1. (7) tank, army tank, armored combat vehicle, armoured combat vehicle - (an enclosed armored military vehicle; has a cannon and moves on caterpillar treads) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmoredVehicle-Heavy, :TrackedVehicle, :WeaponSystem . :TankTop :wnsense "tank top1n" ; :wordnet "tank top" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tank top' in WordNet: 1. tank top - (a tight-fitting sleeveless shirt with wide shoulder straps and low neck and no front opening; often worn over a shirt or blouse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShortSleeveShirt . :Tanning :wnsense "tan2v" ; :wordnet "tan" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tanning'' is an Event in which some object goes from colorless or a very light near-white color to a ''Tan'' color. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'tan' in WordNet: 2. tan, bronze - (get a tan, from wind or sun) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tan ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :TanningHides :wnsense "tan1v", "tanning3n" ; :wordnet "tan", "tanning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TanningHides'' is an Action in which some ''Hide-BodyPart'' is treated to produce ''Leather''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tan' in WordNet: 1. tan - (treat skins and hides with tannic acid so as to convert them into leather) WN noun 'tanning': 3. tanning - (making leather from rawhide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Altering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hide-BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leather ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :TanningSkin :wnsense "tan2v", "tanning1n" ; :wordnet "tan", "tanning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tanning'' is an Event in which some object goes from colorless or a very light near-white color to a ''Tan'' color. NOTE: this is not the ''TanningHides'' which is a form of preservation. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'tan' in WordNet: 2. tan, bronze - (get a tan, from wind or sun) WN noun 'tanning': 1. tanning - (process in which skin pigmentation darkens as a result of exposure to ultraviolet light) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tanning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :Tantalizing :wnsense "tantalising1adj", "tantalizing1adj" ; :wordnet "tantalising", "tantalizing" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tantalizing' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tantalizing, tantalising - (arousing desire or expectation for something unattainable or mockingly out of reach; 'a tantalizing taste of success') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tempting . :TantalizingAction :wnsense "tantalise1v", "tantalize1v" ; :wordnet "tantalise", "tantalize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''TantalizingAction'' is distinguished from the parent 'Tempting' in that this is a PurposefulAction by a Person causing a persisting ''Temptation'' to another Person, but withdawing the tempting thing before the person tempted can take it. This sense of 'tantalize' is not in Wordnet except as a small part of the 'tease' synset. RHW: to torment with, or as if with, the sight of something desired but out of reach; tease by arousing expectations that are repeatedly disappointed. Corresponds to only part (for 'tantalize') of noun sense 1 of 'tantalize' in WordNet: 1. (1) tease, razz, rag, cod, tantalize, tantalise, bait, taunt, twit, rally, ride - (harass with persistent criticism or carping; 'The children teased the new teacher'; 'Don't ride me so hard over my failure'; 'His fellow workers razzed him when he wore a jacket and tie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Teasing, :TemptingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Tantalum :guid "c0fcec5e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "73"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ta1n", "tantalum1n" ; :wordnet "Ta", "tantalum" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element Tantalum, atomic number 73. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tantalum' in WordNet: 1. tantalum, Ta, atomic number 73 - (a hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Tanzania :hasISO3166_Digraph "TZ" ; :wnsense "Tanzania1n" ; :wordnet "Tanzania" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tanzania' in Wordnet: 1. Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania - (a republic in eastern Africa) """ . :Taoism :hasBeliever :Taoists ; :hasTopic :LifeShouldBeSimple ; :wnsense "Taoism4n" ; :wordnet "Taoism" ; a :ChineseTraditionalReligion ; rdfs:comment """the philosophical system evolved by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu, advocating a life of complete simplicity and naturalness and of noninterference with the course of natural events, in order to attain a happy existence in harmony with the Tao. NOTE that there are other religious or philosophical systems called 'Taoism' but WN sense 4 corresponds most closely to this specific belief/practice. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'Taoism' in Wordnet: 4. Taoism, Daoism - (philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events) """ . :Taoists :believes :Taoism ; :en "taoists" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ReligiousGroup ; rdfs:comment """ The singular sense of an adherent member corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Taoist' in Wordnet: 1. Taoist, Tao - (an adherent of any branch of Taoism) """ . :Tap :wnsense "tap2n", "tap6n" ; :wordnet "tap" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Tap' is a 'Valve' that is open on one end and connected to a supply of Fluid on the other end. Unlike a ''Faucet'', a ''Tap'' must be connected to a person-sized liquid container, such as a beer keg or wine cask. The ''Tap'' may be in the side of the cask, near the bottom, or at the top, connected to a pipe that extends to the bottom of a keg, as in a common beer keg. Such a container can hold water, as in large water-delivery trucks. Includes noun senses 2 and 6 of 'tap' in Wordnet: 2. (1) water faucet, water tap, tap, hydrant - (a faucet for drawing water from a pipe or cask) 6. tap, spigot - (a plug for a bunghole in a cask) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UsefulSource, :Valve, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :FluidType ] . :TapWater :wnsense "tap water1n" ; :wordnet "tap water" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TapWater'' is ''Water'' that is delivered by a water supply system to a location and accessed from a 'tap' or 'spigot'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tap water' in WordNet: 1. tap water - (water directly from the spigot) """, """Water that comes from a tap. The specific Tap doesn't have to be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tap water' in WordNet: 1. tap water - (water directly from the spigot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Water, :Water-Fresh, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterTap ; owl:onProperty :hasSource ] . :Tape :guid "c1005e4b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tape1n" ; :wordnet "tape" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of Tape is a piece of Tape - an Object, not a Substance. This can be made of plastic or paper, but not only of cloth, though it may have a cloth reinforcing component. This parent type includes non-adhesive tape; the adhesive type is subtype''AdhesiveTape''. This includes magnetic tape and the old-fashioned paper tape used in computers,so it is not only for 'fastening'. Cyc: #$Tape is the #$Collection of all tape. An instance of #$Tape is a thin, flat strip. It can be made from plastic, cloth, or similar material. Tape is very flexible. Its strength depends on the material from which it is made. SUMO: A thin strip of Fabric or Paper that is used to attach two things. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'tape' in Wordnet; this ''Tape'' can be made of other materials such as plastic or thin metal foil: in WordNet: 1. (10) tape - (a long thin piece of cloth or paper as used for binding or fastening; 'he used a piece of tape for a belt'; 'he wrapped a tape around the package') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :RibbonlikeObject . :TapeCassette :wnsense "cassette1n" ; :wordnet "cassette" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TapeCassette'' is a ''ContainerAndContents'' that holds a reel of some ''MagneticTape'' - audio or video or computer data. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cassette' in WordNet: 1. cassette - (a container that holds a magnetic tape used for recording or playing sound or video) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerAndContents, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cassette ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagneticTape ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InformationRecordingEvent ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :TapeMeasure :isUsedToMeasure :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "tape measure1n", "tape4n", "tapeline1n" ; :wordnet "tape", "tape measure", "tapeline" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tape measure' in WordNet: 4. tape, tapeline, tape measure - (measuring instrument consisting of a narrow strip (cloth or metal) marked in inches or centimeters and used for measuring lengths; 'the carpenter should have used his tape measure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasuringDevice, :Tape . :TapeRecorder :wnsense "tape machine1n", "tape recorder1n" ; :wordnet "tape machine", "tape recorder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''MagneticRecorder'' that records information on ''MagneticTape''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tape recorder' in WordNet: 1. (1) tape recorder, tape machine - (a magnetic recorder using magnetic tape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagneticRecorder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagneticTape ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :TapeStuff :en "tape stuff" ; :hasUnitObject :FilamentlikeObject ; a :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TapeStuff'' is a substance that is some quantity of material that is flat like a sheet and much longer tanit is wide. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetlikeSubstance . :Tapered :isAnAttributeValueOf :TaperedScrew ; :wnsense "tapered1adj", "tapering1adj" ; :wordnet "tapered", "tapering" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes things like ''TaperedScrew''s (wood screws) that have a pointed end. For a lead pencil, this would describe the pointed end, but not the whole pencil. This is for a saliently tapering Object, but the object does not have to end in a point, but the narrowest end should be substantially less than one-half the width of the wider part. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tapered' in Wordnet: 1. (2) tapering, tapered - (gradually narrowed toward a point; 'a tall tapering spire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Solid . :TaperedScrew :ldoce "screw" ; :wnsense "screw4n" ; :wordnet "screw" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Screws that are tapered so that they do not need a nut in order to serve as a fastener of two objects to each other. Wood screws and machine screws are examples. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'screw' in WordNet: 4. screw - (a fastener with a tapered threaded shank and a slotted head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :PointyEndedObject, :Shaft, :ThreadedDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScrewShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tapered ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TaperingAnObject :wnsense "taper2v" ; :wordnet "taper" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an Action that causes an Object to become''Tapered'', though not necessarily pointed. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'taper' in WordNet: 2. sharpen, taper, point - (give a point to; 'The candles are tapered') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tapered ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Tapestry :wnsense "arras1n", "tapestry3n" ; :wordnet "arras", "tapestry" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tapestry' in WordNet: 3. tapestry, arras - (a wall hanging of heavy handwoven fabric with pictorial designs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WallHanging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbstractImage ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tapir :wnsense "tapir1n" ; :wordnet "tapir" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tapir' in WordNet: 1. tapir - (large inoffensive chiefly nocturnal ungulate of tropical America and southeast Asia having a heavy body and fleshy snout) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Odd-toedUngulate . :Tapis :wnsense "tapis1n" ; :wordnet "tapis" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tapis'' is an ''FabricObject'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tapis' in WordNet: 1. tapestry, tapis - (a heavy textile with a woven design; used for curtains and upholstery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FabricObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisualPattern ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Tar :isPreparedFromSubstance :Petroleum ; :wnsense "pitch6n", "tar1n" ; :wordnet "pitch", "tar" ; a :FluidType, :PetroleumProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalSubstance consisting mostly of high-boiling linear or branch-chained Hydrocarbons,found naturally or obtained as the residue of petroleumrefining process. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tar' in WordNet: 1. (1) pitch, tar - (any of various dark heavy viscid substances obtained as a residue) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Hydrocarbons, :LiquidSubstance . :Tarantula :wnsense "tarantula1n" ; :wordnet "tarantula" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hairy and poisonous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tarantula' in WordNet: 2. tarantula - (large hairy tropical spider that can inflict painful but not highly venomous bites) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpiderHarmfulToHumans, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hairy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tardy :hasAdverbialForm :late ; :wnsense "belated1adj", "late2adj", "tardy1adj" ; :wordnet "belated", "late", "tardy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tardy'' is the AttributeValue (not an Adverb) asserting that Something (usually an Object,possibly an Event) arrived at a place or in a situation *after* the time required by some Rule or for optimal effect, though potentially still usefully (better late than never). The adverb ''late'' has a similar meaning,though it modifies Events, not Objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tardy' in WordNet: 1. belated, late, tardy - (after the expected or usual time; delayed; 'a belated birthday card'; 'I'm late for the plane'; 'the train is late'; 'tardy children are sent to the principal'; 'always tardy in making dental appointments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Target :wnsense "target1n", "target2n" ; :wordnet "target" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Target' consists of a physical object or local cluster of physical objects that is being pursued or attacked or, in some games, aimed at (by any means of propelling), by some agent (WN sense 1). This type is not primitive, but is included to serve as an example of what kinds of types may be properly represented only as event-related case roles. NOTE: a 'target' that is an Animal or Person can be represented as a ''GenericVictim'', or if harmed, as a ''Victim. In addition to the WN examples in the gloss, this ''target'' includes military targets, and targets of a (police) investigation. Includes but is broader than noun senses 1 and 2 of 'target' in Wordnet: 1. (6) target, mark - (a reference point to shoot at; 'his arrow hit the mark') 2. (4) prey, quarry, target, fair game - (a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence; 'he fell prey to muggers'; 'everyone was fair game'; 'the target of a manhunt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :RoleCreatedByEvent, :RoleInAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaTargetInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Propelling :PurposefulAction :MotionType :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Targeting ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :Targeted :en "targeted" ; :enadj "targeted" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Target ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Targeting ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Targeted'' is an attribute of an Object that assumes the Role of a ''Target'' in a ''Targeting'' Action. No WN sense fo this term. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Targeting :wnsense "aim5v", "direct2v", "place7v", "point11v", "target1v" ; :wordnet "aim", "direct", "place", "point", "target" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Targeting'' is an ''AimingAction'' in which some 'IntentionalAgent' directs something (an Object or Comment) at some specific PhysicalObject. This can be used metaphorically, to refer to 'targeting' criticism at a Person, or literally, to 'target' an Object to shoot at with a weapon. Both can be subtypes. NOTE: the physical offensive targeting to damage something is represented as the subtype ''TargetingaWeapon''. WN does not have the physical targeting of weapons as a separate entry, so this WN synset is used for the subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'target' in WordNet: 1. target, aim, place, direct, point - (intend (something) to move towards a certain goal; 'He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face'; 'criticism directed at her superior'; 'direct your anger towards others, not towards yourself') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AimingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Targeted ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :TargetingaWeapon :en "aiming a weapon" ; :enn "aiming a weapon" ; :wnsense "target1v" ; :wordnet "target" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TargetingaWeapon'' is a ''Targeting'' (an ''AimingAction'') in which some ''IntentionalAgent'' (which could be an automaton) aims a weapon at some physical object in repration for the goal of ''Launching'' or ''Shooting'' a ''Projectle'' at that object so as to hit that Object,usually in order to harm, disable, or destroy it, or, for practice,to hit a practice target. The instrument that is aimed is a ''ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher'', allowing this to be used for guided missiles or drones that both do the projecting and hit the ''Target''. Corresponds to *part* of verb sense 1 of 'target' (aiming to hit a ''Target'' physically) in WordNet: 1. target, aim, place, direct, point - (intend (something) to move towards a certain goal; 'He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face'; 'criticism directed at her superior'; 'direct your anger towards others, not towards yourself') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AimingAction, :PreparingForSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Launching :Shooting ) ] ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Target ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProjectileWeaponOrLauncher ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :Tariff :guid "c1129559-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "duty3n", "import duty1n", "tariff1n" ; :wordnet "duty", "import duty", "tariff" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Elements of #$Tariff are taxes imposed by a country on goods imported to the country. Note that the members of this collection are not either monies paid and collected or payment events, but are relatively abstract intangible artifacts - the tariffs themselves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tariff' in WordNet: 1. (2) duty, tariff - (a government tax on imports or exports; 'they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries') WN noun 'import duty': 1. import duty - (a duty imposed on imports) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tax, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Importing :Exporting ) ] ] . :Tarsus :guid "bdee63b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tarsus1n" ; :wordnet "tarsus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tarsus' in WordNet: 1. tarsus - (the part of the foot of a vertebrate between the metatarsus and the leg; in human beings the bones of the ankle and heel collectively) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :SkeletalStructure . :Tart :wnsense "tart2n", "tart3n" ; :wordnet "tart" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small ''Pie'' with no top crust and a fruit filling. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'pie' in WordNet: 2. tart - (a small open pie with a fruit filling) 3. tart - (a pastry cup with a filling of fruit or custard and no top crust) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitFilling ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UpperCrust ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] . :TartarSauce :guid "c088f9c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tartar sauce1n", "tartare sauce1n" ; :wordnet "tartar sauce", "tartare sauce" ; a :FoodType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of all instances of tarter sauce. Tarter sauce is essentially mayonnaise with pickle relish in it. It is sometimes more elaborate, containing capers and other ingredients. It is primarily used with fish, especially fried fish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tartar sauce' in WordNet: 1. tartare sauce, tartar sauce - (mayonnaise with chopped pickles and sometimes capers and shallots and parsley and hard-cooked egg; sauce for seafood especially fried fish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :Sauce . :Task :ldoce "business", "job" ; :wnsense "business5n", "business7n", "chore1n", "job2n", "labor7n", "project1n", "task1n", "task2n", "undertaking1n" ; :wordnet "business", "chore", "job", "labor", "project", "task", "undertaking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Task is some Action or series of Actions that a Person must do or complete **in the future** to accomplish some goal. This is the Action perormed in a ''CarryingOutaTask'' action.. The task may be paid or unpaid, self-assigned or assigned by others, or merely a domestic 'chore'. Each instance of a Task will be an Action with a start and end time (actual or projected) therefore this is not a static situation that repeats. This is an Action that is described by a 'TaskDescription' and may be performed as part of a 'Job'. For a paid employment situtation, use 'Job'. Some 'duties' (represented in COSMO as 'Obligation') may be part of a Task. The sense of the word 'business' in phrases such as 'going about one's business' is also included here; this implies that there is some specific goal that is being attended to. A 'Task' at the time of its creation is still a FutureSituation; after it has been performed it is still a Task, but has the attribute of being 'Finished'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'task' and sense 2 of 'job' and sense 1 of 'chore' and includes senses 5 and 7 of 'business' in WordNet; this is for both paid and unpaid labor; a paid employment situation is represented as 'Job'. A 'task' that is carried out as one of the assignments of paid employment is represented by the more specific subtype 'PaidTask'. in WordNet: 1. (18) undertaking, project, task, labor - (any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted; 'he prepared for great undertakings') 2. (15) job, task, chore - (a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee; 'estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars'; 'the job of repairing the engine took several hours'; 'the endless task of classifying the samples'; 'the farmer's morning chores') WN noun 'business': 5. (63) business - (a rightful concern or responsibility; 'it's none of your business'; 'mind your own business') 7. (13) business - (an immediate objective; 'gossip was the main business of the evening') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPriority ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrdinalNumber :ProrityType ) ] ] . :TaskDescription a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TaskDescription is a description of the Actions that must be performed by the person that is to perform the Task. This is a Group that includes the FutureSituation(s) that are part of the Task, and may include a list of the materials needed and skills required to perform that task.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Description, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :describes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Task ] . :TaskList a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TaskList'' is a ''List'' in which each element describes (at least by naming it) some ''Task''. NOTE: this is related to ''Agenda'' but that is more formal and more abstract. @ToDo: list is abstract, elements refer to Tasks. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TaskDescription ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Tasks a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Tasks'' is some Group of ''Task''s that has not yet been done. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Task ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TasmanianDevil :guid "bd58c009-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Tasmanian devil1n" ; :wordnet "Tasmanian devil" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Consider 'Taz' of the cartoons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tasmanian devil' in WordNet: 1. Tasmanian devil, ursine dasyure, Sarcophilus hariisi - (small ferocious carnivorous marsupial having a mostly black coat and long tail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore, :Marsupial . :Tassel :wnsense "tassel1n" ; :wordnet "tassel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Adornment'' having a Group of cords attached on one end and free at the other end. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tassel' in WordNet: 1. tassel - (adornment consisting of a bunch of cords fastened at one end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adornment, :ArtObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheafOfCords ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Taste :en "tastiness" ; :enn "tastiness" ; :guid "757031d6-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "taste" ; :takesValue :TasteAttribute ; :wnsense "flavor2n", "flavour3n", "nip3n", "relish3n", "sapidity1n", "savor1n", "savour1n", "smack2n", "tang1n" ; :wordnet "flavor", "flavour", "nip", "relish", "sapidity", "savor", "savour", "smack", "tang" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Taste is an attribute TYPE that can apply to many substances, not only to food. Physiologically, Taste should be considered as a property of substances that causes a certain sensation of 'taste' when' placed in the mouth. But linguistically and intuitively, it may also be viewed as a property of objects, such as a particular piece of pie. We therefore permit taste to be assigned as an attribute of either physical objects or physical substances. Although technically there are only four 'tastes' (five, including 'umami'), the common meaning of 'taste' includes sensations to which odor contributes, and this type represents the common meaning. So the 'taste' of 'tastes like chicken' will be represented by this AttributeType. The attribute 'taste' does not seem to be represented in WordNet, only the sensation. For that sense, see 'TasteSensation'. This corresponds to RHW sense 18 of 'taste': (noun) 18. the sensation or quality as perceived by this sense; flavor. NOTE that this sense does not seem to be covered by any WN synset under 'taste'. Corresponds most closely to,but is distinct from, sense 1 of 'flavor' (which is an experience, not a property) in WordNet: 2. (3) relish, flavor, flavour, sapidity, savor, savour, smack, nip, tang - (the taste experience when a savoury condiment is taken into the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :TasteAttribute :guid "757031d6-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Taste is an attribute that can apply to many substances, not only to food.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TasteInActions :wnsense "orientation4n", "predilection1n", "preference2n", "taste2n" ; :wordnet "orientation", "predilection", "preference", "taste" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TasteInThings'' is a ''HabitualPreference'' for taking certain types of Action whe more than one type may be possible in a Situation. A 'sexual orientation' would be a subtype of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'predilection' in WordNet: 1. (1) predilection, preference, orientation - (a predisposition in favor of something; 'a predilection for expensive cars'; 'his sexual preferences'; 'showed a Marxist orientation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HabitualPreference . :TasteInThings :wnsense "penchant1n", "predilection2n", "preference1n", "taste2n" ; :wordnet "penchant", "predilection", "preference", "taste" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TasteInThings'' is a ''HabitualPreference'' directed toward things that a Person likes to see or own or use, rather than toward Actions that a Person prefers. Some preferences for Action may be referred to as a 'taste' (e.g. taste in sex) but that sense is covered by the sister type ''TasteInActions''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taste' in WordNet: 2. (7) preference, penchant, predilection, taste - (a strong liking; 'my own preference is for good literature'; 'the Irish have a penchant for blarney') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HabitualPreference . :TasteSensation :ldoce "taste" ; :wnsense "taste sensation1n", "taste1n" ; :wordnet "taste", "taste sensation" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Sensation produced by stimulation of the taste buds.. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'taste and sense 1 of 'taste sensation' in WordNet: 1. (9) taste, taste sensation, gustatory sensation, taste perception, gustatory perception - (the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus; 'the candy left him with a bad taste'; 'the melon had a delicious taste') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensation . :TasteType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """TasteType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for taste attributes and an argument restriction for the hasTaste relation. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeType . :Tasteful :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :GoodTaste ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :GoodTaste ; :isTheOppositeOf :TastelesslyVulgar ; :wnsense "tasteful1adj" ; :wordnet "tasteful" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling ''GoodTaste'' that has and exhibits 'GoodTaste'' both in things and in actions. ?How to decscribe *things* that are in good taste?? This type can be used for now (rev1443) but a different attribute should be created to distinguish people and things. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tasteful' in WordNet: 1. (1) tasteful - (having or showing or conforming to good taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppearanceAttribute, :BehaviorAttribute, :FeelingAttribute, :PersonTraitValue . :Tasteless :isTheOppositeOf :Tasty ; :wnsense "bland1n", "flat8adj", "flavorless1adj", "flavourless1adj", "insipid1adj", "savorless1adj", "savourless1adj", "tasteless1adj", "vapid1adj" ; :wordnet "bland", "flat", "flavorless", "flavourless", "insipid", "savorless", "savourless", "tasteless", "vapid" ; a :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Tasteless' is the attribute of some food or drink that has neither particularly good nor particularly bad taste. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'tasteless' and sense 1 of'bland' and sense 1 of 'flavorless' in WordNet: 1. tasteless - (lacking flavor) WN 'bland' 1. (1) bland, flat, flavorless, flavourless, insipid, savorless, savourless, vapid - (lacking taste or flavor or tang; 'a bland diet'; 'insipid hospital food'; 'flavorless supermarket tomatoes'; 'vapid beer'; 'vapid tea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteAttribute . :TastelesslyVulgar :isTheOppositeOf :Tasteful ; :wnsense "tasteless2adj" ; :wordnet "tasteless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'tasteless' in Wordnet: 2. tasteless - (lacking aesthetic or social taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :Vulgar . :Tasting :wnsense "sample1n" ; :wordnet "sample" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tasting'' is a ''TakingaSample'' Action that includes the Action of putting something (object or substance0 into one's mouth and perceiving its taste.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'sample' in WordNet: 1. (7) sample, try, try out, taste - (take a sample of; 'Try these new crackers'; 'Sample the regional dishes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingaSample . :TastingAbility :ldoce "taste" ; :takesValue :TastingAcuity ; :wnsense "gustation1n", "gustatory modality1n", "sense of taste1n", "taste6n" ; :wordnet "gustation", "gustatory modality", "sense of taste", "taste" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TastingAbility' is an AttributeType of animals or artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect tastes; represents the 'sense of taste'. Instances of this type can specify an ability to detect specific tastes, or some level of sensitivity to a particular taste. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'taste' in WordNet: 6. taste, gustation, sense of taste, gustatory modality - (the faculty of distinguishing sweet, sour, bitter, and salty properties in the mouth; 'his cold deprived him of his sense of taste') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SensoryAttributeType . :TastingAcuity a :AttributeValueType, :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TastingAcuity' is an AttributeValue of animals, or artificial sensors that specifies how sensitive a general sense of taste is, or what particular tastes can be detected. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :SensoryAbility . :TastingDeliberately :eng "tasting" ; :ldoce "taste" ; :wnsense "sample1v", "taste2v", "try out4v", "try4v" ; :wordnet "sample", "taste", "try", "try out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of intentionally tasting something. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'taste' in WordNet: 2. (4) sample, try, try out, taste - (take a sample of; 'Try these new crackers'; 'Sample the regional dishes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving-Voluntary, :TastingSomething . :TastingSomething :eng "tasting" ; :guid "bd58d619-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "taste" ; :wnsense "taste3v", "taste7n", "tasting2n" ; :wordnet "taste", "tasting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of tasting something, intentional or not. For an intentional tasting, use 'TastingDeliberately'. In Cyc called 'TastePerception': Cyc: The collection of sensory #$Perceivings in which a #$PerceptualAgent #$tastes some object, by means of the appropriate #$Sensor, and thereby acquires information about it. Corresponds to sense 3 of verb 'taste' in WordNet: 3. (3) taste - (perceive by the sense of taste; 'Can you taste the garlic?') WN noun 'tasting': 2. taste, tasting - (a kind of sensing; distinguishing substances by means of the taste buds; 'a wine tasting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :TasteSensation ] . :Tasty :isTheOppositeOf :BadTasting ; :ldoce "tasty" ; :wnsense "tasty1adj" ; :wordnet "tasty" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Tasty' means the same as 'good tasting', the most general way to say that one likes the taste of some food or drink. A more intense attribute of the same kind would be 'Delicious' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tasty' in WordNet: 1. tasty - - (pleasing to the sense of taste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pleasant, :TasteAttribute . :Tattered :isAnAttributeValueOf :FabricObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AbradingSomething ; :wnsense "tatterdemalion1n", "tattered1adj" ; :wordnet "tatterdemalion", "tattered" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tattered' in Wordnet: 1. (35) tattered, tatterdemalion - (worn to shreds; or wearing torn or ragged clothing; 'a man in a tattered shirt'; 'the tattered flag'; 'tied up in tattered brown paper'; 'a tattered barefoot boy'; 'a tatterdemalion prince') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worn . :Tattoo :en "art", "tat" ; :guid "c1009ba3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tattoo2n" ; :wordnet "tattoo" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of visual marks. Each element of #$Tattoo is a mark made on the skin of a person or other animal, having a pattern formed by scar tissue or by pigment applied in or under the skin. In medical terms, 'tattoo' includes marks resulting from accidental tattooing. But typically tattoos are deliberately applied for purposes of identification or decoration. called also 'tats' or 'art' by those bearing tattoos. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tattoo' in WordNet: 2. tattoo - (a design on the skin made by tattooing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :BodyMarking, :InformationBearingObject, :PhysicalDesign, :StillImageSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Tattooing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tattooing ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tattooing ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :Tattooing :eng "tattooing" ; :guid "c1009e04-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tattoo1v" ; :wordnet "tattoo" ; a :ActionType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The process in which permanent marks are intentionally made on the skin (usually of a person). Involves a subEvent of cutting the skin and (usually) inserting a pigment. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tattoo' in WordNet: 1. tattoo - (stain (skin) with indelible color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingAnArtObject, :Depicting, :VisualArtActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Tattoo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tattoo ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ] . :Tau :en "tau", "tau lepton" ; :enn "tau" ; :guid "b9a4b03e-8a0f-11d6-8000-0002b34b8539" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Lepton. Each instance of #$Tau is a lepton that is heavier than either an electron or a muon (see the collection #$Muon). Tau particles are unstable and exist in nature for a very short time.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lepton . :TauNeutrino :guid "c63fb9f8-8a12-11d6-8000-0002b34b8539" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Neutrino. Along with #$MuonNeutrino and #$ElectronNeutrino, one of the three specializations of #$Neutrino. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Neutrino . :Taught :ened "taught" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Teaching ; :wnsense "trained2adj" ; :wordnet "trained" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Taught'' is the attribute of a Person who has undergone a ''Teaching'' of any kind, for basic knowledge or skills.. ''Trained''is reserved for non-human animals. No WN sense for this word. WN 'trained sense 2 seems to fit. in WordNet: 2. (3) trained - (having acquired necessary skills by e.g. undergoing a course of study; 'a trained nurse'; 'a trained voice'; 'trained manpower'; 'psychologically trained workers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Taunting :causes :Annoyance ; :wnsense "bait1v", "cod2v", "rag4v", "razz1v", "ride5v", "taunt1v", "tease2v", "twit1v" ; :wordnet "bait", "cod", "rag", "razz", "ride", "taunt", "tease", "twit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Taunting'' is a more serious and often less playful 'Teasing', a criticizing suggesting some serious fault in the target. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'taunt' in WordNet: 1. (5) tease, razz, rag, cod, tantalize, tantalise, bait, taunt, twit, rally, ride - (harass with persistent criticism or carping; 'The children teased the new teacher'; 'Don't ride me so hard over my failure'; 'His fellow workers razzed him when he wore a jacket and tie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnnoyingEvent, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction . :Taut :ldoce "tense" ; :wnsense "taut1adj", "tense3adj", "tight2adj" ; :wordnet "taut", "tense", "tight" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of something flexible that can be stretched, such as a line, when it has a force at one or both ends pulling it away from the other end(s). The Taut object is not necessarily LongAndThin,as a square piece of paper or a ''Drumhead'' can be stretched taut. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'tense' and sense 1 of 'taut' in WordNet: WN 'tense' 3. tense - (taut or rigid; stretched tight; 'tense piano strings') WN 'taut' 1. (4) taut, tight - (pulled or drawn tight; 'taut sails'; 'a tight drumhead'; 'a tight rope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObjectAttributeValue . :Tautological :isAnAttributeValueOf :Tautology ; :wnsense "pleonastic1adj", "redundant2adj", "tautologic1adj", "tautological1adj" ; :wordnet "pleonastic", "redundant", "tautologic", "tautological" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tautological' in Wordnet: 1. pleonastic, redundant, tautologic, tautological - (repetition of same sense in different words; ''a true fact' and 'a free gift' are pleonastic expressions'; 'the phrase 'a beginner who has just started' is tautological'; 'at the risk of being redundant I return to my original proposition'- J.B.Conant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Tautology :wnsense "tautology2n" ; :wordnet "tautology" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tautology'' is a ''LinguisticAssertion'' in which the Actor expresses the same idea in different words, intentionally or unintentionally. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tautology' in WordNet: 2. tautology - (useless repetition; 'to say that something is 'adequate enough' is a tautology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticAssertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Restating ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Repetitive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tax :ldoce "tax" ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "revenue enhancement1n", "tax1n", "taxation1n" ; :wordnet "revenue enhancement", "tax", "taxation" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Tax is a Fee (an AttributeType) that specifies what quantity of money required by a government in exchange for some service, Privilege, or right; a Tax may be imposed on almost any activity. Each Tax is considered as an attribute of the activity or thing that is taxed. This depends entirely on the taxing jurisdiction and time. in WordNet: 1. (44) tax, taxation, revenue enhancement - (charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fee . :TaxCollecting :en "collecting taxes", "tax collecting" ; :wnsense "tax collection1n" ; :wordnet "tax collection" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the action of a Person who 'collects' ''Tax''es of some kind whether in person (such as in ancient times), or by working at a desk and handling fees that are paid or sitting at a desk and processing ''Tax''es paid by mail or by electronic means (the sort of Action that IRS agents do). In the desk work, this can include reviewing tax returns to verify that the information conforms to the regulations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tax collection' in WordNet: 1. tax collection - (the collection of taxes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tax ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :TaxPayer :wnsense "taxpayer1n" ; :wordnet "taxpayer" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TaxPayer'' is an agent that 'pays' for something - i.e. that performs the action of ''PayingTaxes''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taxpayer' in WordNet: 1. (10) taxpayer - (someone who pays taxes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Payer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingTaxes ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :TaxReturn :wnsense "income tax return1n", "return1n", "tax return1n" ; :wordnet "income tax return", "return", "tax return" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a paper 'tax return' submitted to the IRS. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tax return' in WordNet: 1. (2) tax return, income tax return, return - (document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability; 'his gross income was enough that he had to file a tax return') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Form-StandardizedIBO, :LegalDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Wage ] . :TaxiCab :guid "be01fae9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "taxi" ; :wnsense "cab3n", "taxi1n", "taxicab1n" ; :wordnet "cab", "taxi", "taxicab" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An Automobile which is used to transport people on short trips in exchange for a fare. NOTE: a Taxi is not necessarily designed as such, therefore it should be a Role. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taxi and sense 1 of 'taxicab' and sense 3 of 'cab' in WordNet: 1. (5) cab, hack, taxi, taxicab - (a car driven by a person whose job is to take passengers where they want to go in exchange for money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automobile, :Role . :TaxiDriver :guid "bd58cc85-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cabby1n", "cabdriver1n", "cabman1n", "hack driver1n", "hack-driver1n", "livery driver1n", "taxidriver1n", "taximan1n" ; :wordnet "cabby", "cabdriver", "cabman", "hack driver", "hack-driver", "livery driver", "taxidriver", "taximan" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Elements are people who drives a 'TaxiCab' as an occupation. See also 'HiringaTaxicab'. NOTE: with the advent of 'ride-sharing' services, this is expanded to include people who drve for Uber or Lyft - though not necessarily full-time, they earn money from the operation abd can be classfied as 'professional' for this purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'taxi driver' in WordNet: 1. (1) taxidriver, taximan, cabdriver, cabman, cabby, hack driver, hack-driver, livery driver - (someone who drives a taxi for a living) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Driver-TransportationProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrivingaTaxiCab ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :TaxiFare :isAnAttributeValueOf :RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger ; :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "cab fare1n", "taxi fare1n" ; :wordnet "cab fare", "taxi fare" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TaxiFare'' is a subtype of ''Fare''. ''TaxiFare'' is an Attribute of a the transportation service ''RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger''. \"RidingAsaTaxiCabPassenger\" \"isAnAttributeValueOf\" TransportationServiceEvent isAnAttributeOf\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'cab fare' in WordNet: 1. cab fare, taxi fare - (the fare charged for riding in a taxicab) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fee . :TaxiPassenger :wnsense "fare3n" ; :wordnet "fare" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TaxiPassenger'' is a paying ';Passenger'' who has hired and is riding in a ''TaxiCab''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'fare' in WordNet: 3. fare - (a paying (taxi) passenger) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Passenger, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransportedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :RidingInaVehicle ] . :Taxonomizing a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Taxonomizing'' is a ''Classifying'' Action in which a ''Taxonomy''' is produced. No sense of 'taxonomize' in WN or RHW. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Classifying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Taxonomy ] . :Taxonomy :wnsense "taxonomy1n" ; :wordnet "taxonomy" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Taxonomy'' is a ''KnowledgeClassificationSystem'' in the form of a ''Hierarachy'' containing categories (classes, types, sorts) each of which (except for the top one) is subsumed by some other category with a more general meaning and broader set of instances. An instance of any category is also an instance of the higher subsuming category. A ''Taxonomy'' in which each category is subsumed by only one other category is called a 'hierarchy'. A Taxonomy can be stand-alone, or it can be part of a SemanticNetwork or of an Ontology. The only relation between categories in a ''Taxonomy'' is the 'subclass' ('subtype', 'isa') relation, although instances may also be defined. If other relations between *categories* are used, it should be classified as a ''SemanticNetwork''. The WN gloss suggests that taxonomies are only for organisms, but taxonomies are used widely to classify any group of categories of interest in some domain of knowledge. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'taxonomy' in Wordnet: 1. taxonomy - (a classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin etc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Classification, :Hierarchy, :KnowledgeClassificationSystem . :Tea :guid "bd588b0e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tea" ; :wnsense "tea1n" ; :wordnet "tea" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN: a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water; 'iced tea is a cooling drink'. CYC 'Tea-Beverage' : Beverage made by steeping tea leaves, or by mixing with water a powder ultimately (we hope) derived from tea leaves usually has caffeine in it but may be decaffeinated. WN-: sense 1 of 'tea' in WN 2.1: in WordNet: 1. (345) tea - (a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water; 'iced tea is a cooling drink') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :Infusion, :NonAlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeaPot ; owl:onProperty :mayBeMadeUsing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeaLeaves ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Steeping ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Caffeine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :TeaBag :wnsense "tea bag1n" ; :wordnet "tea bag" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tea bag' in WordNet: 2. tea bag - (small paper bag holding a measure of tea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bag, :ContainerAndContents, :FingerSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeaLeaves ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaperBag ; owl:onProperty :hasContainer ] . :TeaCosy :wnsense "cosey1n", "cosy1n", "cozey1n", "cozie1n", "cozy1n", "tea cosey1n", "tea cosy1n", "tea cozey1n", "tea cozie1n", "tea cozy1n" ; :wordnet "cosey", "cosy", "cozey", "cozie", "cozy", "tea cosey", "tea cosy", "tea cozey", "tea cozie", "tea cozy" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TeaCosy'' is a ClothCovering that is placed over a teapot to keep the tea warm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tea cosy' in WordNet: 1. cosy, tea cosy, cosey, tea cosey, cozy, tea cozy, cozey, tea cozey, cozie, tea cozie - (a padded cloth covering to keep a teapot warm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothCovering . :TeaKettle :wnsense "teapot1n" ; :wordnet "teapot" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small ''Pot'' that can be held in one hand and is designed to boil water, which can be then used to steep tea leaves, usually after pouring the hot water into a ''TeaPot'' and adding tea to the ''TeaPot'', such as in a teabag. They always have some kind of handle to allow pouring out the hot water. The 'pot' used to contact the hot water with the tea is a ''TeaPot''. NOTE: a 'teapot' is usually a ceramic pot that holds the hot water and is used for brewing tea. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teakettle' in Wordnet: 1. (1) teakettle - (kettle for boiling water to make tea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boiler, :Kettle, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tea ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMake ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingWater ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingWater ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spout ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :TeaLeaf :en "tea leaf" ; a :BiologicalOrganType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Leaf'' of a ''TeaPlant''. This is one ''Leaf''. NOTE: the WN 'tea leaf' is apparently intended for the substance consisting of dried lea leaves. See ''TeaLeaves''. tea leaf """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leaf, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeaPlant ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :TeaLeaves :en "dried tea leaves", "tea leaves" ; :wnsense "tea leaf1n", "tea3n" ; :wordnet "tea", "tea leaf" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for one or more dried ''TeaLeaf'' whether individually intact or shredded or powdered. Typically prepared as a material with which to make ''Tea''. Parent in WN is ''Herb'' but the material prepared form ''HerbPlant''s is a ''Seasoning'' in COSMO. Tis can be green tea or black tea leaves (or powder). Probably needs differentiation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tea leaf' in WordNet: 1. tea, tea leaf - (dried leaves of the tea shrub; used to make tea; 'the store shelves held many different kinds of tea'; 'they threw the tea into Boston harbor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Seasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeaLeaf ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dry ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TeaOrder :guid "bd58b757-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass . :TeaPlant :en "tea plant" ; :guid "bd58a61b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Camellia sinensis1n", "tea5n" ; :wordnet "Camellia sinensis", "tea" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Individual tea plants; the plant which yields black tea, green tea and oolong tea, from which tea-the beverage is brewed. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'tea' in WordNet: 5. (4) tea, Camellia sinensis - (a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves; 'tea has fragrant white flowers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :CerealPlant, :EvergreenPlant, :HerbPlant, :TeaOrder . :TeaPot :wnsense "teapot1n" ; :wordnet "teapot" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Pot'' that is designed for the simple function of holding boiling-hot water, which can be then used to steep tea leaves - 'short and stout'. They always have some kind of handle to allow pouring out the brewed tea. The 'pot' used to boil the water in is a ''TeaKettle''. NOTE: a 'teapot' is usually a ceramic pot that holds the hot water and is used for brewing tea by contacting the hot water with tea, whether loose or in a bag or in a porous container. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teapot' in Wordnet: 1. teapot - (pot for brewing tea; usually has a spout and handle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidContainer, :Pot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tea ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMake ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingTea ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spout ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :TeaSpoon :wnsense "teaspoon1n" ; :wordnet "teaspoon" ; a :EatingUtensilType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The measuring teaspoon is ''\"TeaSpoon-MeasuringTool''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teaspoon' in WordNet: 1. (1) teaspoon - (a small spoon used for stirring tea or coffee; holds about one fluid dram) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spoon-EatingUtensil . :TeaSpoon-MeasuringTool :guid "bd58eade-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The measuring tool which measures the exact quantity of one Teaspoon.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasuringSpoon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeaspoonFul ; owl:onProperty :hasVolume ] . :Teacher :guid "bd5905ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :practicesOccupation :TeachingAsAnOccupation ; :wnsense "instructor1n", "teacher1n" ; :wordnet "instructor", "teacher" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person whose main occupation is to teach in some formal setting, including tutoring. Casual teaching is a Role that relates to specific Events, but does not make a person a 'Teacher', unless sustained over multiple such events. Someone who gives lectures (a ''Lecturer'') is also a ''Teacher'', whether or not in schools. An 'ad hoc' teacher for informal occasions is not yet represented. SUMO: The Profession of being a teacher. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teacher' in WordNet: 1. (41) teacher, instructor - (a person whose occupation is teaching) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Educator, :HumanRole, :Trainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeachingAsAnOccupation ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Teaching :en "instructing" ; :eng "educating", "schooling" ; :guid "bd58b1e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "instruct", "instruction", "teach" ; :wnsense "didactics1n", "educate1v", "education1n", "educational activity1n", "instruct1v", "instruction2n", "pedagogy3n", "school1v", "schooling1n", "teach1v", "teaching3n" ; :wordnet "didactics", "educate", "education", "educational activity", "instruct", "instruction", "pedagogy", "school", "schooling", "teach", "teaching" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for formal teaching in an educational institution. For private tutoring use ''Tutoring' and for other non-formal instructing use the parent type ''Instructing''. CYC: The Action One agent imparting learned knowledge to another. This may have #$subEvents of the student asking or responding to questions, but the teacher is the primary performer. Although this is a subtype of 'LinguisticCommunication', it may include demonstarting how to do something, provided that some linguistic communication is included. This is for formal teaching situations, whereas occasional imparting of useful information is represented by the parent trype ''Instructing''. 'Teaching' may be confined to a single subject or even a single session, so it is usually narrower than 'Education'; but Education always has some 'Teaching' as a subevent Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'teach' and sense 1 of 'instruct' and sense 2 of 'instruction' in WordNet: 1. (86) teach, learn, instruct - (impart skills or knowledge to; 'I taught them French'; 'He instructed me in building a boat') WN noun 'instruction': 2. (5) education, instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill; 'he received no formal education'; 'our instruction was carefully programmed'; 'good classroom teaching is seldom rewarded') WN verb 'educate: 1. (7) educate - (give an education to; 'We must educate our youngsters better') WN verb 'school': 1. (2) school - (educate in or as if in a school; 'The children are schooled at great cost to their parents in private institutions') WN noun 'schooling': 1. (1) schooling - (the act of teaching at school) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Educating, :Instructing, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Schooled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :TeachingAsAnOccupation :isTheOccupationOfA :Teacher ; :wnsense "instruction3n", "pedagogy2n", "teaching1n" ; :wordnet "instruction", "pedagogy", "teaching" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FunctionalProcess that is consists of multiple instances of Teaching, when performed as an Occupation Corresponds partly to noun sense 1 of 'teaching' in WordNet: 1. (9) teaching, instruction, pedagogy - - (the profession of a teacher; he prepared for teaching while still in college; pedagogy is recognized as an important profession) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Profession . :Teachings :wnsense "commandment2n", "precept2n", "teaching2n" ; :wordnet "commandment", "precept", "teaching" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :MentalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Teachings'' are a set of doctrines proposed by some individual Person that are widely believed so as to form a ''PhilosophicalSchool''. These may be elaborated by others after the passing of the originator, and still be considered the same ''PhilosophicalSchool''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'teaching' in WordNet: 2. (3) teaching, precept, commandment - (a doctrine that is taught; 'the teachings of religion'; 'he believed all the Christian precepts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhilosophicalSchool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adherent ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ] . :Teacup :wnsense "teacup2n" ; :wordnet "teacup" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A cup designed for drinking tea; this type always has a handle. Some have a lid, which fits on by gravity, is not attached, and does not screw on. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'teacup' in WordNet: 2. teacup - (a cup from which tea is drunk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tea ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Team :guid "bd9a3063-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "team" ; :wnsense "squad2n", "team1n" ; :wordnet "squad", "team" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: in COSMO, a ''Team'' is an ''Organization'', not a ''GroupOfPeople'', but its operational component (not necessarily including any 'owners' or 'managers') is related to some ''GroupOfPeople'' termed a ''TeamMembers'' Cyc: #$Team is a specialization of #$OrganizationOfPeopleOnly and #$ActivityTypeFocusGroup. A #$Team may be a commercial, professional team supported by a large full-time staff, or simply a #$Group of people who got together for playing a game for a single time, or something in between. Organized #$Teams which play sports at least semi-regularly are instances of the narrower concept, #$SportsTeam. Corresponds to part (for the Organization) of noun sense 1 of 'team' in WordNet: 1. (43) team, squad - (a cooperative unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeamMembers ; owl:onProperty :hasAssociatedGroupType ] . :TeamMembers :en "team members" ; :enn "team members" ; :ldoce "team" ; :wnsense "squad2n", "team1n" ; :wordnet "squad", "team" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TeamMembers'' is the ''GroupOfPeople'' that comprise the 'membership' of some Organization. Corresponds to part (for the People comprising the ''Team'') of noun sense 1 of 'team' in WordNet: 1. (43) team, squad - (a cooperative unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganizationMembers, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Team ] . :TeamSport :wnsense "team sport1n" ; :wordnet "team sport" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'team sport' in WordNet: 1. team sport - (a sport that involves competition between teams of players; 'baseball is a team sport by golf is not') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SportsTeam ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ] . :Teammate :wnsense "mate2n", "teammate1n" ; :wordnet "mate", "teammate" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Teammate'' is a member of an athletic ''Team'' from the perspective of another member of the Team. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teammate' in WordNet: 1. (2) teammate, mate - (a fellow member of a team; 'it was his first start against his former teammates') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, :CoWorker, :HumanRole, :Player, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Team ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Teamwork :wnsense "teamwork1n" ; :wordnet "teamwork" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teamwork' in WordNet: 1. teamwork - (cooperative work done by a team (especially when it is effective); 'it will take money, good planning and, above all, teamwork') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialOccurrence, :WorkingTogether, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Team ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :TearDrop :guid "bd58c972-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tear" ; :wnsense "tear1n", "teardrop2n" ; :wordnet "tear", "teardrop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TearDrop' is a single drop of the substance 'Tears', produced by tear ducts. NOTE: a 'DropOfWater' is near-spherical, but a TearDrop may be somewhat flattened. @ToDo- specialize 'Spherical' to include distortions, or loosen the shape criterion?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'teardrop' and nouns sense 1 of 'tear' in WordNet: 2. tear, teardrop - (a drop of the clear salty saline solution secreted by the lacrimal glands; 'his story brought tears to her eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DropOfWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tears ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :TearDuct :guid "bd5896c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lachrymal duct1n", "lacrimal duct1n", "tear duct1n" ; :wordnet "lachrymal duct", "lacrimal duct", "tear duct" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all tear ducts. Each #$TearDuct is a tube which allows #$LacrimalFluid to flow from a #$TearGland through an #$UpperEyelid to an #$Eye. For production of tears, see 'TearGland'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tear duct' in WordNet: 1. lacrimal duct, lachrymal duct, tear duct - (any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Duct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VertebrateEye ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :TearGland :guid "bd589684-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lachrymal gland1n", "lacrimal gland1n", "tear gland1n" ; :wordnet "lachrymal gland", "lacrimal gland", "tear gland" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all tear #$Glands, each of which secretes #$LacrimalFluid which moistens an #$Eye. Terrestrial #$Vertebrates possess #$TearGlands, while aquatic ones do not. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tear gland' in Wordnet: 1. lacrimal gland, lachrymal gland, tear gland - (any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tears ; owl:onProperty :secretes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VertebrateEye ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Tearful :isAnAttributeValueOf :BothEyes, :Eye, :Whining ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Tears ; :wnsense "tearful1adj" ; :wordnet "tearful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tearful' in Wordnet: 1. tearful - (filled with or marked by tears; 'tearful eyes'; 'tearful entreaties') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TearingSomething :en "pull apart", "pulling apart" ; :eng "ripping" ; :guid "bd5892b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tear" ; :wnsense "bust3v", "pull12v", "rend1v", "rip1v", "rive1v", "rupture1v", "snap2v", "tearv1" ; :wordnet "bust", "pull", "rend", "rip", "rive", "rupture", "snap", "tear" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TearingSomething' is a subtype of 'SeparationEvent' that is not usually performed by a 'CuttingDevice', and may not result in a complete separation of an object into two parts. Nevertheless, it is a 'SeparationEvent' because at least some parts of an object must separate in order for there to be a 'TearingSomething'. CYC 'Ripping': Generic ripping events, in which some tangible object is pulled apart in some way. NOTE that this is an ActionType, therefore there must be some agent that causes the tearing. The agent can be inanimate, such as an object torn by a strong wind. Includes verb sense 1 of 'tear' and verb sense 1 of 'rip' in WordNet: 1. (19) tear, rupture, snap, bust - (separate or cause to separate abruptly; 'The rope snapped'; 'tear the paper') WN verb 'rip': 1. (8) rend, rip, rive, pull - (tear or be torn violently; 'The curtain ripped from top to bottom; 'pull the cooked chicken into strips') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :SeparationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PullingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Tears :en "tears" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Slightly salty solution excreted by the tear duct of the eyes of animals. NOTE that this is the PhysicalSubstance, not a Group of 'TearDrop's. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyFluid, :Secretion-Bodily, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water-Saline ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eye ; owl:onProperty :isSecretedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TearGland ; owl:onProperty :isSecretedBy ] . :Teary :en "welled up" ; :enadj "welled up" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :TearyEyes ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Sadness, :Touched-Feeling ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Tears ; :wnsense "teary-eyed1adj", "teary1adj", "watery-eyed1adj" ; :wordnet "teary", "teary-eyed", "watery-eyed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Teary'' is an attribute of a ''HumanEye'' or a ''Person'' when the ''HumanEye'' is visibly filled with tears, whether or not the tears are streaming in drops down the face. NOTE: this is not necessarily due to someone feeling 'sad', it can be due to people feeling ''Emotional'' from a sweet and loving scene - 'there wasn't a dry eye in the house'. No distinction yet in COSMO between tear drops running down the face and eyes just 'welled up' with tears (i.e. in the state ''Touched-Feeling'').. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'teary' in Wordnet: 1. teary, teary-eyed, watery-eyed - (with eyes full of tears) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wet . :TearyEyes :en "teary eyes" ; a :GroupType, :TwoBodyPartsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TearyEyes'' is a pair of ''BothEyes'' on a person that are ''Teary''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BothEyes, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :HumanEye ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Teasel :guid "bd58b35c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "teasel1n", "teasle1n", "teazel1n" ; :wordnet "teasel", "teasle", "teazel" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teasel' in WordNet: 1. teasel, teazel, teasle - (any of several herbs of the genus Dipsacus native to the Old World having flower heads surrounded by spiny bracts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant, :Plant-NonWoody . :Teasing :causes :Annoyance ; :en "teasing" ; :wnsense "badger1v", "bait1v", "beleaguer1v", "bug1v", "pester1v", "tease1v", "tease2v" ; :wordnet "badger", "bait", "beleaguer", "bug", "pester", "tease" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Teasing' is an AnnoyingEvent in which one Person deliberately causes minor and not malicious Annoyance in a second Person by speech or action, such as mentioning some fact relating to the second Person that the first Person thinks is embarrassing to the second Person, or by touching that person or something that person possesses. Among children, Teasing often focuses on some physical attribute of the teasee. Only a Person can perform 'Teasing'. The teaser and teasee must be explicitly referenced. NOTE: 'tantalizing' is the sbtype ''Tantalizing''. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'tease' in WordNet: 1. (2) tease, badger, pester, bug, beleaguer - (annoy persistently; 'The children teased the boy because of his stammer') 2. (1) tease, razz, rag, cod, tantalize, tantalise, bait, taunt, twit, rally, ride - (harass with persistent criticism or carping; 'The children teased the new teacher'; 'Don't ride me so hard over my failure'; 'His fellow workers razzed him when he wore a jacket and tie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnnoyingEvent, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, :Teasing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :TeaspoonFul :isLargerThanBy :TeaspoonsToMilliliters ; :wnsense "teaspoon2n", "teaspoonful1n" ; :wordnet "teaspoon", "teaspoonful" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """A ''TeaspoonFull'' is a unit of volume equal to 4.92892 milliliters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teaspoonful' in WordNet: 2. teaspoon, teaspoonful - (as much as a teaspoon will hold) """ . :TeaspoonsToMilliliters :hasQuantifier ; :hasUnit :milliliters ; a :UnitRatio . :Teat :guid "bfb674b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "mamilla1n", "nipple1n", "pap3n", "teat1n" ; :wordnet "mamilla", "nipple", "pap", "teat" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is for the ''Teat'' on a ''FemalePerson'', part of a human female ''Breast''. The analog of the human ''Breast'' is a ''MammaryGland'' for ''NonHumanAnimal''s. The collection of all fleshy #$Organs found in (one or more) pairs on female #$Mammals, which produce milk when nursing. Although males also have vestigial #$Teats, we are excluding those from this collection. #$Teats are not necessary for and therefore are not part of the #$ReproductiveSystem. This is just the 'nipple' part of a female ''Breast''. COSMO note: male teats are not included here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teat' in Wordnet: 1. (2) nipple, mammilla, mamilla, pap, teat, tit - (the small projection of a mammary gland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart-Female, :Dug, :ExternalOrgan, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanMothersMilk ; owl:onProperty :secretes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Breast ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ] . :Technetium :guid "c0fced18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "43"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Tc1n", "technetium1n" ; :wordnet "Tc", "technetium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, :NaturalResourceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element Technetium, atomic number 43. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technetium' in WordNet: 1. technetium, Tc, atomic number 43 - (a crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :TechnicSchool :wnsense "tech1n", "technical school1n" ; :wordnet "tech", "technical school" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technical school' in WordNet: 1. (1) technical school, tech - (a school teaching mechanical and industrial arts and the applied sciences) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :School ; owl:disjointWith :SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 . :Technical :isAnAttributeValueOf :HighTechnology, :Knowledge ; :isTheOppositeOf :General ; :pertainsTo :Engineering, :Technicality, :Technique ; :wnsense "technical1adj", "technical2adj", "technical4adj", "technological2adj" ; :wordnet "technical", "technological" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Technical'' pertains to technology (''Engineering'') or to complex ''Technique''s. This attribute is also used as a label for non-specialized usage of a word that has a specific meaning in one FieldOfStudy but a broader or different meaning in colloquial use. 'technical term' or 'technical usage'. Includes adjective senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'technical' in WordNet: 1. (16) technical - (of or relating to technique; 'technical innovation in recent novels'; 'technical details') 2. (11) technical - (characterizing or showing skill in or specialized knowledge of applied arts and sciences; 'a technical problem'; 'highly technical matters hardly suitable for the general public'; 'a technical report'; 'producing the A-bomb was a challenge to the technical people of this country'; 'technical training'; 'technical language') 4. (5) technical, technological - (of or relating to a practical subject that is organized according to scientific principles; 'technical college'; 'technological development') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Complex, :Detailed, :PertainingAttributeValue, :Specialised . :Technicality :wnsense "technicality1n" ; :wordnet "technicality" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Technicality'' is a 'Detail' that is part of the expert knowledge of a Topic, and is mentioned to explain and use distinctions that are not part of general knowledge nor usually considered significant by the audience. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technicality' in WordNet: 1. technicality, trifle, triviality - (a detail that is considered insignificant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Detail . :Technically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Technical ; :wnsense "technically1adv", "technically2adv" ; :wordnet "technically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Technically'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' that asserts that the adjective or action mdified refers to 'technical skill' or to 'technique'. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'technically' in Wordnet: 1. (1) technically - (with regard to technique; 'technically lagging behind the Japanese') 2. (1) technically - (with regard to technical skill; 'a technically brilliant solution') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Technician :guid "bd589aeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "technician1n" ; :wordnet "technician" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Technician''is a ''Person'' who is skilled at some field requiring detailed knowledge of some type or types of ''Device'', mechanical or electrical. CYC: A collection of persons; a subset of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each element of #$Technician is a worker whose occupation involves the execution of detailed procedures, typically using some kind of laboratory equipment or mechanical instruments. Special training and sometimes certification is required of members of these occupations. Elements of the collection #$Technician include members of its subsets #$MedicalLabTechnician, #$EmergencyMedicalTechnician, #$DentalHygienist, #$MediaTechnician, and others. Technicians are often employed to operate, maintain, or repair ''Devices''. NOTE: the term 'tech' is often used as a shorthand for 'technician': RHW 'tech': 2. a technician: He's a tech for a film crew. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technician' in WordNet: 1. (3) technician - (someone whose occupation involves training in a specific technical process) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Professional-Adult, :SkilledWorker . :Technique :wnsense "technique1n" ; :wordnet "technique" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Technique'' is a 'Procedure' for manipulating PhysicalObjects or PhysicalSubstances that requires some learning or practise (''SpecializedKnowledge'') to execute properly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technique' in WordNet: 1. (63) technique - (a practical method or art applied to some particular task) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :SpecializedKnowledge ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MaterialHandling ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Technobabble :wnsense "technobabble1n" ; :wordnet "technobabble" ; a :GroupType, :LanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'technobabble' in WordNet: 1. technobabble - (technical jargon from computing and other high-tech subjects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Jargon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scientist ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Engineer ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Specialist ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ] . :TeddyBear :guid "be0107e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "teddy bear1n", "teddy1n" ; :wordnet "teddy", "teddy bear" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A stuffed bear. A 'TeddyBear'' is a ''StuffedToy'' resembling (more or less) a ''Bear''. NOTE: the adjective 'plush' used in the gloss is not defined in WN - it means having a covering that is a 'plush' - a fabric with a long pile (WN 1. plush - (a fabric with a nap that is longer and softer than velvet)) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teddy bear' in WordNet: 1. teddy, teddy bear - (plaything consisting of a child's toy bear (usually plush and stuffed with soft materials)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StuffedAnimal, :StuffedToy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bear ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :Tee :wnsense "golf tee1n", "tee3n" ; :wordnet "golf tee", "tee" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tee' in WordNet: 3. tee, golf tee - (a short peg put into the ground to hold a golf ball off the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Peg . :TeeingGround :wnsense "tee1n", "teeing ground1n" ; :wordnet "tee", "teeing ground" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TeeingGround'' is a small level part of a GolfCourse, onefor eachgolf hole, where the golfer tees off by 'driving' the ball. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teeing ground' in WordNet: 1. tee, teeing ground - (the starting place for each hole on a golf course; 'they were waiting on the first tee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandSite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfCourse ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeeingOff ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicActivity ] . :TeeingOff :wnsense "tee off1v", "teeoff1n" ; :wordnet "tee off", "teeoff" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TeeingOff'' is a''HittingaGolfballWithaClub'' that occurs on a ''TeeingGround'' and the ''GolfClub''used is a ''Driver''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tee off' in WordNet: 1. tee off - (strike a ball from the teeing ground at the start of a hole) WN noun 'teeoff': 1. teeoff - (the act of hitting a golf ball from the teeing ground at the start of each hole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingaGolfballWithaClub, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DriverClub ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeeingGround ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaGolfGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :TeeingUp :wnsense "tee up1v", "tee1v" ; :wordnet "tee", "tee up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TeeingUp'' is the pacing of a GolfBall on a ''Tee'' in preparation for ''TeeingOff''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'tee up' in WordNet: 2. tee, tee up - (place on a tee; 'tee golf balls') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingAnObject, :PreparingForSituation, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Golfer ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfBall ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GolfBall ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tee ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeeingGround ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingaGolfGame ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeeingOff ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ] . :Teenager :guid "bd5890b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "adolescent1n", "teen1n", "teenager1n" ; :wordnet "adolescent", "teen", "teenager" ; a :HumanRoleType, :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any human in the age group 13 to 19 years, inclusive. Applied mostly to those under 18 (legally adult in most places), but not a subtype of ''MinorChild'' because it can include persons 18 or 19. The attribute value ''Adolescent'' applies to a Person in this age range. CYC ('HumanTeenager'): A specialization of #$YoungHuman. Each instance of this collection is a #$HomoSapiens whose age is greater than 12 years and less than 20 years. A notable specialization is #$HumanTeenager-LegallyAdult. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teenager' in WordNet: 1. (12) adolescent, stripling, teenager, teen - (a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanYouth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adolescent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Teetering :wnsense "seesaw1v", "teeter1v", "totter1v", "totter3v" ; :wordnet "seesaw", "teeter", "totter" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Teetering' is an ''MotionInPlace'' in which the top part of a PhysicalObject that is taller than wide and is top-heavy (has a center of gravity higher than half its height) that is supported on some surface, moves back and forth in a linear horizontal path, coming close to 'toppling' at each end of the motion. NOTE: the WN gloss for 'totter' suggests that it includes a Person who is walking unsteadily, but that is covered by ''Teetering''; the WN 'totter' is included here, and this type is interpreted as the unsteady swaying of an inanimate object. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'teeter' in WordNet: 1. (2) teeter, seesaw, totter - (move unsteadily, with a rocking motion) WN verb 'totter': 1. (4) totter - (move without being stable, as if threatening to fall; 'The drunk man tottered over to our table') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionInPlace, :Oscillating, :Swaying . :Teeth a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Teeth'' is a ''Group'' of ''Tooth''s that are all on one animal. This can be all or some subgroup of all of the teeth on an animal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Tooth ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Teething :wnsense "dentition1n", "odontiasis1n", "teethe1v", "teething1n" ; :wordnet "dentition", "odontiasis", "teethe", "teething" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Teething'' is a ''GrowingSomething'' in which a young infant starts to grow a set of teeth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teethe' in WordNet: 1. teethe - (grow teeth; cut the baby teeth; 'The little one is teething now') WN noun 'teething': 1. teething, dentition, odontiasis - (the eruption through the gums of baby teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrowingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanInfant ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeethingPain ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :TeethingPain :en "teething pain" ; :enn "teething pain" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TeethingPain' is a pain sensation (PainOrAche) that occurs in HumanInfant''s while they are performing the ''Teething'' process. feels """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PainOrAche, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teething ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teething ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Telecommunication :en "telecom", "telecommunications" ; :guid "bef62372-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "telecommunicate1v", "telecommunication1n" ; :wordnet "telecommunicate", "telecommunication" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In RHW 'telecommunications': 'Sometimes, telecommunication. (used with a sing. v.) the transmission of information, as words, sounds, or images, usually over great distances, in the form of electromagnetic signals, as by telegraph, telephone, radio, or television.' CYC: A specialization of #$CommunicatingUsingADevice. Each instance of #$Telecommunication is a communication event which utilizes an electronic communication device that is designed to convey messages over geographically signficant distances (roughly, one #$Kilometer or more). Specializations include #$SendingInformationByTelephone, #$FaxingADocument, and #$Broadcasting. Note that talking to someone in the next room on a #$Telephone would be an instance of #$Telecommunication even though the communication does not span a geographically significant distance; for the communication uses a device which is 'designed' for communication across such distances. No exact match for the Action in Wordnet. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'telecommunication' in Wordnet: 1. telecommunication, telecom - ((often plural) systems used in transmitting messages over a distance electronically) WN verb 'telecommunicate': 1. telecommunicate - (communicate over long distances, as via the telephone or e-mail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicatingUsingADevice . :Teleconference :wnsense "teleconference1n", "teleconferencing1n" ; :wordnet "teleconference", "teleconferencing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Teleconference'' is a ''Conferring'' in which participants are located in more than one location (usually at a distance of miles), in wihch the voice and sometimes images of the participants see ''VideoConference'' are transmitted over communication wires or cables or by radio waves. NOTE: the WordNet synset gloss suggest that this is only for what is labeled in COSMO a ''VideoCOnference', whereas in RHW the 'teleconference' is a general term that includes telephones and video devices. The same synset will beused here and in subtype ''VideoConference'', and if there is ambiguity this type can be used as the label. RHW 'teleconference': 1. a business meeting, educational session, etc., conducted among participants in different locations via telecommunications equipment. Cf. videoconference. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teleconference' in WordNet: 1. teleconference, teleconferencing - (a conference of people who are in different locations that is made possible by the use of such telecommunications equipment as closed-circuit television) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conferring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommunicationDevice ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :Telefaxing :wnsense "fax1v", "telefax1v" ; :wordnet "fax", "telefax" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Telefaxing'' is a ''Telecommunication'' that transmits copies of hardcopy documents from one ''FaxMachine'' to another over telephone lines. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'telefax' in WordNet: 1. fax, telefax, facsimile - (send something via a facsimile machine; 'Can you fax me the report right away?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Duplicating, :Telecommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FaxMachine ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephonePathSystem ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :Telegram :wnsense "telegram1n", "wire4n" ; :wordnet "telegram", "wire" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Telegram''is a ''Message'' sent using a \"Telegraph\". Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telegram' in WordNet: 1. (2) telegram, wire - (a message transmitted by telegraph) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractInformationStore, :Message, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SendingATelegram ] . :Telegraph :wnsense "telegraph1n" ; :wordnet "telegraph" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any system of transmitters and receivers that transmit telegraphic (but not voice) signals. Essentially, only transmits 'on/off' signals, a series of which can be inerpreted as coded information.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telegraph' in WordNet: 1. (3) telegraph, telegraphy - (apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire (usually in Morse code)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationDevice, :ElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnablingTelecommunication ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Teleost :wnsense "teleost fish1n", "teleost1n", "teleostan1n" ; :wordnet "teleost", "teleost fish", "teleostan" ; a :BiologicalGenus, :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teleost' in WordNet: 1. teleost fish, teleost, teleostan - (a bony fish of the subclass Teleostei) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BonyFish . :Telephone :guid "bd58d305-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "telephone" ; :wnsense "phone1n", "telephone set1n", "telephone1n" ; :wordnet "phone", "telephone", "telephone set" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Electrical Telephones of all sorts. A Device used to transmit sound information long distances by converting them into electrical signals. This is the solid physical object that can receive spoken sounds and transmit them to other telephones, and can receive spoken sounds from other telephones. The sounds mau be other than speech. SUMO: A Device that permits LinguisticCommunication between remote points by converting sound into electrical signals that are then transmitted. When the signals are received, they are converted back into sound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone' in WordNet: 1. (18) telephone, phone, telephone set - (electronic equipment that converts sound into electrical signals that can be transmitted over distances and then converts received signals back into sounds; 'I talked to him on the telephone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationDevice, :ElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EnablingTelecommunication ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :TelephoneCall :ldoce "call" ; :wnsense "call1v" ; :wordnet "call1" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ @ToDo: perhaps a RoboCall should be distinguished as a direct descendent of 'SpokenCommunicating'?? Then a normal conversation would be a 'TelephoneConversation'?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OralConversation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Telephone ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :TelephoneCaller :wnsense "caller7n" ; :wordnet "caller" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Caller'' who calls another Person on a telephone (of anty kind or technology) i.e. one who dials the other person's phone number. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'caller' in Wordnet: 7. caller, caller-up, phoner, telephoner - (the person initiating a telephone call; 'there were so many callers that he finally disconnected the telephone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Caller, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneCall ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :TelephoneConversation :wnsense "telephone conversation1n" ; :wordnet "telephone conversation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TelephoneConversation'' is a ''Conversation'' that s a ''SpokenCommunicating'' carried out in oral speech, but not ''InPerson'', but using 2 or more instances of some form of ''Telephone''. Texting on a digital telephone or faxing information are **not** instances of this type; a 'TelephoneConversation' that consists of one side playing a recorded speech to be heard by the receiving side **is** a borderline included instance, represented as the subtype 'RoboCall'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone conversation' in WordNet: 1. telephone conversation - (a conversation over the telephone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversation, :SpokenCommunicating . :TelephoneExchange :wnsense "central1n", "exchange5n", "telephone exchange1n" ; :wordnet "central", "exchange", "telephone exchange" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''TelephoneExchange'' is the facility - the device switching calls is represented by ''Switchboard''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone exchange' in WordNet: 1. central, telephone exchange, exchange - (a workplace that serves as a telecommunications facility where lines from telephones can be connected together to permit communication) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlaceOfBusiness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Switchboard ; owl:onProperty :spatiallyContains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneCall ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneCall ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :TelephoneLink :en "telephone link" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TelephoneLink'' is a Group of ''DirectTelephoneLink''s that can route the signals from one one Telephone to another, allowing telephone calls between them. This is one path in what could be a very large telephone system. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationsLine, :Link-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneCall ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DirectTelephoneLink ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TelephoneNumber :wnsense "phone number1n", "telephone number1n" ; :wordnet "phone number", "telephone number" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TelephoneNumber identifies a node (telephone) in some telephone system. It is sometimes used as a surrogate Identifier for people, but this node does not have that sense. We represent the TelephoneNumber as an AbstractString, and it will usually have formatting. Although it is called a 'number' and may be represented as a bare sequence of digits, it does not have the logical properties of typical numbers that represent quantities. It is not a subtype of 'Number'. The name of a TelephoneNumber can use the 'TEL' prefix, followed by the number itself, to make that number self-explanatory. The nation code should be followed by two underscore characters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone number' in WordNet: 1. (1) phone number, telephone number, number - (the number is used in calling a particular telephone; 'he has an unlisted number') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddressString . :TelephonePathSystem a :ArtifactObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TelephonePathSystem is the system of paths within any telephone network (not necessarily the public switched telephone network). This is an abstract path system, not the physical connections; this is not a physical object.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :FunctionalObject, :PathSystem . :TelephonePole :wnsense "telegraph pole1n", "telephone pole1n" ; :wordnet "telegraph pole", "telephone pole" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TelephonePole'' is a ''Post'' used to support telephone or telegraph wires, These days it may support other types of wire - e,g cable, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone pole' in WordNet: 1. telephone pole, telegraph pole, telegraph post - (tall pole supporting telephone wires) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PostStuckInGround, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneWire ; owl:onProperty :supports ] . :TelephoneWire :wnsense "telegraph line1n", "telegraph wire1n", "telephone line1n", "telephone wire1n" ; :wordnet "telegraph line", "telegraph wire", "telephone line", "telephone wire" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TelephoneWire'' (an Object) designed ad used to transmit telephone or telegrah sgnals. Not the same as power transmitting wire. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telephone wire' in WordNet: 1. (1) telephone wire, telephone line, telegraph wire, telegraph line - (the wire that carries telegraph and telephone signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalWire . :Telephoner :wnsense "caller-up1n", "caller7n", "phoner1n" ; :wordnet "caller", "caller-up", "phoner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Telephoner'' is a ''Person'' who initiates a ''TelephoneConversation'' by''Telephoning''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'phoner' in WordNet: 1. caller, caller-up, phoner, telephoner - (the person initiating a telephone call; 'there were so many callers that he finally disconnected the telephone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Telephoning ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Telephoning :en "calling", "phoning", "telephoning" ; :ldoce "call" ; :wnsense "call up2v", "call1n", "call2v", "phone call1n", "phone1v", "ring5v", "telephone call1n", "telephone1v" ; :wordnet "call", "call up", "phone", "phone call", "ring", "telephone", "telephone call" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Telephoning'' is a subtype of''Calling'' in which one person initiates an ''\"TelephoneConversation'' by dialing (in any way) the telephone (land line or cell). This includes both the transitive Action of an Agent making a phone call and the intransitive action of a phone call being initiated. These could be distinguished, but the WN glosses are ambiguos. This does not include non-oral exchanges such as email or texting. The Calling does not always succeed in initiating the conversation, but is still a Calling event. NOTE that this is a Communication, not a LinguisticCommunication, so a signing that intitiates a conversation is also a 'Calling'. This is the act that *initiates* a conversation; subsequent acts within a conversation are not instances of this type. This does not include 'calling on', as in visiting someone's house. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'telephone' in WordNet: 1. (12) call, telephone, call up, phone, ring - (get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone; 'I tried to call you all night'; 'Take two aspirin and call me in the morning') WN noun 'telephone call': 1. (2) call, phone call, telephone call - (a telephone connection; 'she reported several anonymous calls'; 'he placed a phone call to London'2; 'he heard the phone ringing but didn't want to take the call') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContactingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelephoneConversation ; owl:onProperty :starts ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Telephone ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Telephoner ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Teleprompter :wnsense "Teleprompter1n" ; :wordnet "Teleprompter" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Teleprompter' in WordNet: 1. Teleprompter - (a prompter for television performers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PrompterDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelevisionProgram ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Telescope :guid "c1008c6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "scope3n", "telescope1n" ; :wordnet "scope", "telescope" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Device using lenses and/or mirrors to collect, amplify, focus, and magnify light waves from distant sources. @ToDo: Distinguishing a 'telescope' from other magnifiers such as binoculars may take some effort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'telescope' in Wordnet: 1. telescope, scope - (a magnifier of images of distant objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :LensedOpticalDevice, :SensoryEnhancementDevice-Visual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magnifying ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EyeHole ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LookingInsideAnObject ; owl:onProperty :hasMannerOfUse ] . :Televised :en "on TV", "on television", "televised" ; :enadj "on TV", "on television", "televised" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Televising ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Televising :wnsense "telecast1v", "televise1v" ; :wordnet "telecast", "televise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'televise' in Wordnet: 1. (3) telecast, televise - (broadcast via television; 'The Royal wedding was televised') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broadcasting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Televised ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :TelevisionCamera :wnsense "television camera1n", "tv camera1n" ; :wordnet "television camera", "tv camera" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not something one can carry in the pocket, but portable TV cameras (should be a subtype) can be carried around. NOTE: TV cameras can produce still images and electronic cameras can produce moving images,but a TV camera is designed to transmit signals in real time to the transmitting equipment. How to express that? The mode of usage may be the most easily distinguishing feature for a ''TelevisionCamera'' - specifically, the relation to ''TVBroadcasting''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'television camera' in WordNet: 1. (1) television camera, tv camera, camera - (television equipment consisting of a lens system that focuses an image on a photosensitive mosaic that is scanned by an electron beam) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Camera, :ElectronicDevice, :HumanSizedObject, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TVBroadcasting ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :TelevisionProgram :wnsense "TV program1n", "TV show1n", "television program1n", "television show1n" ; :wordnet "TV program", "TV show", "television program", "television show" ; a :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'television program' in WordNet: 1. (2) television program, TV program, television show, TV show - (a program broadcast by television) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BroadcastProgram, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TVBroadcasting ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :TelevisionRemoteControl :en "TV remote", "television remote" ; :wnsense "remote control1n", "remote1n" ; :wordnet "remote", "remote control" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TelevisionRemoteControl'' is a ''RemoteControlDevice'' that controls a ''TelevisionSet''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'remote control' in WordNet: 1. remote control, remote - (a device that can be used to control a machine or apparatus from a distance; 'he lost the remote for his TV') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemoteControlDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TelevisionSet ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :TelevisionSet :en "TV" ; :guid "bd58c866-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "television" ; :wnsense "boob tube1n", "goggle box1n", "idiot box1n", "television receiver1n", "television set1n", "television2n", "telly1n", "tv set1n", "tv2n" ; :wordnet "boob tube", "goggle box", "idiot box", "television", "television receiver", "television set", "telly", "tv", "tv set" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The device used to receive and display television transmissions broadcast in radio frequencies. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'television' in WordNet: 2. (2) television receiver, television, television set, tv, tv set, idiot box, boob tube, telly, goggle box - (an electronic device that receives television signals and displays them on a screen; 'the British call a tv set a telly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDevice, :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :ManufacturedGoods, :ReceiverDevice . :TellingaPun :eng "punning" ; :wnsense "pun1v" ; :wordnet "pun" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pun' in WordNet: 1. pun - (make a play on words; 'Japanese like to pun-their language is well suited to punning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JokeTelling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Joke ] . :Tellurium :guid "c0fce951-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "52"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Te1n", "tellurium1n" ; :wordnet "Te", "tellurium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element Tellurium, atomic number 52. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tellurium' in WordNet: 1. tellurium, Te, atomic number 52 - (a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :NonMetal . :TelnoType a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TelnoType is a heterogeneous category represented by an AbstractString, used to specify the 'type' of telephone that is labeled by a particular telephone number. The type can vary with time, depending on to what individual or location the number is assigned. The most common types are residence, business, fax, cell, and unlisted. The string representation of each of these types should be prefixed by 'TELTYPE_'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString . :Temperament :wnsense "disposition1n", "temperament1n" ; :wordnet "disposition", "temperament" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Person's ''Temperament' is a tendency (disposition) to exhibit particular moods. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'temperament' in WordNet: 1. (1) disposition, temperament - (your usual mood; 'he has a happy disposition') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :Temperamental :isTheOppositeOf :Predictable ; :wnsense "erratic3adj", "temperamental3adj" ; :wordnet "erratic", "temperamental" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The difference between WN 'erratic' and WN 'temperamental' is unclear. This needs to be reviewe when ultiple instances are found in text. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'temperamental' in Wordnet: 3. erratic, temperamental - (likely to perform unpredictably; 'erratic winds are the bane of a sailor'; 'a temperamental motor; sometimes it would start and sometimes it wouldn't'; 'that beautiful but temperamental instrument the flute'- Osbert Lancaster) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpredictable . :Temperature :guid "bd589c7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "temperature" ; :takesValue :TemperatureMeasure ; :wnsense "temperature1n" ; :wordnet "temperature" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Temperature' is an AttributeType that characterizes the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a Physical Object. This is an AttributeType, not a measure: measures of Temperature are instances of 'TemperatureMeasure'. NOTE: in Cyc 'Temperature' is the measure, not the attribute type, so the usage of the term differs though the concepts are related. Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Temperature is an amount of heat in a particular instance of #$PartiallyTangible. An instance of #$Temperature may be either a fixed interval, such as 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (cf. #$UnitOfTemperature), or a range, such as #$HumanHabitableTemperature or #$TooHotToTouch. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'temperature' in WordNet: 1. (211) temperature - (the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TemperatureMeasure ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ] . :TemperatureChangingProcess :guid "bd58f9ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. In each instance of #$TemperatureChangingProcess, the temperature of some object is changed. Specializations of #$TemperatureChangingProcess include the collections #$CookingFood and #$Freezing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnergyTransferEvent, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent . :TemperatureIncrease :en "increase of temperature", "temperature increase" ; a :DifferenceType, :IncreaseType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TemperatureIncrease'' is an ''Increase'' in which the QuantitativeAttribute changed is the Temperature of some Object or Group of Objects (including quantities of substances) This is a ''Difference'' which is the quantitative measure of the increase, not the Event that causes the increase. The Even causing the increase is a ''HeatingProcess'' or some subtype of that. This has to be represented by the initial(first element) and final (second element) values of the ''TemperatureMeasure''. Perhaps a simple change value could be used instead of the two values?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Increase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temperature ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :TemperatureMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :TemperatureMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :HeatingProcess ] . :TemperatureMeasure :en "temperature", "temperature measure" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Measures of temperature consist of a number and a scale of temperature (''CelsiusDegree'', ''FahrenheitDegree'', etc.). In scientific circles, the temperature of something is understood as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that make up the thing. These measures are derived from a ''MeasuringTemperature'' Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TemperatureMeasurementResult ; owl:onProperty :hasRepresentation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MeasuringTemperature ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :TemperatureMeasurementResult :en "result of a temperature measurement", "temperature measurement result" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TemperatureMeasurementResult'' is the information derived from a measurement of 'temperature' of some Object or substance. The information may be in abstract form or its physical representation. Instances of this type can serve as the object of the relation ''hadInformationTransferred'' in any case where the value of a ''MeasurableQuantity'' (the information derived from a measurement) is to be conveyed to some place or Agent, e.g. during a ''WeatherForecast'' (which includes current weather). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurementResult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :TemperatureMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MeasuringTemperature ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :TemperatureSituation :en "air temperature", "outdoor temperature", "room temperature" ; a :EnvironmentType, :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TemperatureSituation'' is an ''EnvironmentalCondition'' that is characterized relative to the Temperature of the Air in some region of the Earth' surface, whether indoors or outdoors. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvironmentalCondition, :ImmediateWeatherProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temperature ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :TemperingSteel :wnsense "harden3v", "temper2v" ; :wordnet "harden", "temper" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TemperingSteel'' is a form of hardening the surface layer of a Steel object (making it able to support more weight or resist bending under greater force or resist being ) by careful heating and cooling at a controlled rate. This type representes the state change in the object being tempered. The procedure that results in this change is represented by ''HeatingAndCoolingSomething''. This includes two type of tempering, which can be differentiated. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'temper' in WordNet: 2. temper, harden - (harden by reheating and cooling in oil; 'temper steel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strengthening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingAndCoolingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Tempestuous :wnsense "angry2adj", "furious3adj", "raging3adj", "tempestuous2adj", "wild13adj" ; :wordnet "angry", "furious", "raging", "tempestuous", "wild" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tempestuous'' is an attribute of the Wind and storms. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'tempestuous' in Wordnet: 2. angry, furious, raging, tempestuous, wild - ((of the elements) as if showing violent anger; 'angry clouds on the horizon'; 'furious winds'; 'the raging sea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energetic . :Tempestuously :en "tempestuously" ; :enadv "tempestuously" ; :isMoreIntensiveThan :Vigorously ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Tempestuous ; :wnsense "furiously1adv" ; :wordnet "furiously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'furiously' in Wordnet: 1. (7) furiously - ((of the elements) in a wild and stormy manner; 'winds were blowing furiously') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vigorously, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vigorously ; owl:onProperty :isMoreIntensiveThan ] . :Template :wnsense "guide4n", "template1n", "templet1n" ; :wordnet "guide", "template", "templet" ; a :InheritableType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'template' in WordNet: 1. template, templet, guide - (a model or standard for making comparisons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodExample . :TempleBuilding :guid "c10c16d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "temple" ; :wnsense "temple1n" ; :wordnet "temple" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all religious temples: structures designed for worship, prayer or contemplation, of various faiths **other than christian churches, muslim mosques and jewish synagogues** (for example, Buddhist, pagan, or Hindu temples). For Christian places of worship, use 'ChurchBuilding'. For Mosques, use 'Mosque', for Jewish synagogues, use 'SynagogueBuilding'. NOTE: in Roget's, the term 'temple' is generic, including Christian churches, but here it is more specific. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'temple' in WordNet: 1. (6) temple - (place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousBuilding . :TempleChurch :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :LondonArea ; :isOwnedBy :BritishCrown ; :isaSpatialPartOf :LondonArea ; :wasCreatedBy :Knights_Templar ; a :ChurchBuilding ; rdfs:comment """Fom Wikipedia 2006-01-05 The Temple Church is a late 12th century church in London located between Fleet Street and the River Thames. It was originally constructed as the church of a monastic complex known as the Temple, the headquarters in England of the Knights Templar. The Temple was the scene of important negotiations leading to the signing of Magna Carta in 1215. After the destruction of the Templar order in the early 14th century, the Temple became Crown property and was let to two groups of lawyers that evolved into the Inner Temple and Middle Temple, which are two of the four Inns of Court. The two Inns both use the church, which is famous for its effigy tombs. It was heavily damaged during the Second World War but has been largely restored. The area around the Temple Church is known as 'Temple' and nearby is Temple tube station. It was also featured as part of the novel 'The Da Vinci Code'. In the mid 12th century, before the construction of the church, the Knights Templar in London had met at a site in High Holborn in a structure originally established by Hughes de Payens. Because of the growth of the order, by the 1160s the site had become too confined, and the order purchased the property of the current site for establishment of a larger compound. In addition to the church, the new compound originally contained residences, military training facilities, and recreational grounds for the military brethren and novices, who were not permitted to go into the city without the permission of the Master of the Temple. The church building comprises two separate sections. The original nave section, called the Round Church, and an adjoining rectangular section, built approximately half a century later, called the Chancel. The Round Church: In keeping with the traditions of the order, the nave of the church was constructed on a round design based on the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The nave is 55 feet in diameter is surrounded by the first-ever free-standing dark Purbeck marble columns. It is probable that the walls and grotesque heads were originally painted in colours. It was consecrated on February 10, 1185 in a ceremony by Heraclius, the Patriarch of Jerusalem. It is believed that Henry II was probably present at the consecration. The Round Church contains the marble effigies of nine medieval knights, the most famous of whom is William Marshal, who is enshrined next to his sons. In January 1215 William served as a negotiator during a meeting in the Temple between King John and the barons, who demanded that John uphold the rights enshrined the Coronation Charter of his predecessor Richard I. William swore on behalf of the king that the grievances of the barons would be addressed in the summer, leading to John's signing of Magna Carta in June. William later became regent during the reign of John's son, Henry III, who later expressed a desire to be buried in the church. The Chancel: In response to Henry III's desire to be buried in the church, in the early 13th century, the choir of the original church was pulled down and a new larger structure, now called the Chancel, was built. It was consecrated on Ascension Day 1240. Although Henry later altered his will with instructions to be interred in Westminster Abbey, one of his sons, who died in infancy, is buried in the Chancel. The chancel comprises a central aisle and two side aisles of identical width. The height of the vault is 36 feet 3 inches. During the bombing raid in World War II (see below), the dark Purbeck marble columns of the Chancel cracked from the intense heat Although they still supported the vault, they were deemed unsound and replaced by replicas. The original columns had a light outward lean, an architectural quirk which was duplicated in the replacement columns. Early Use by the Templars: The order was very powerful in England during its existence. The Master of the Temple sat in parliament as primus baro (the first baron of the realm). The compound was regularly used as a residence by kings and by legates of the Pope. The temple also served as an early depository bank, sometimes in defiance of the Crown's wishes to seize the funds of nobles who had entrusted their wealth there. The independence and wealth of the order throughout Europe is considered by most historians to have been the primary cause of its eventual downfall . Later History: After the destruction and abolition of the Knights Templar in 1307, Edward II took control of the church as a Crown possession. It was later given to the Knights Hospitaller, who rented the Temple to two colleges of lawyers. One college moved into the part of the Temple previously used by the Temple's knights, and the other into the part previously used by its priests, and they shared the use of the church. The colleges evolved into the Inner and Middle Temples, two of the four Inns of Court. Following a later agreement in 1608 by James I, the two Inns were granted the use of the church in perpetuity and continue to use the Temple as their chapel to the present day. In 1540, the church became the property of The Crown once again when Henry VIII abolished the Knights Hospitaller in England and confiscated their property. Henry provided a priest for the church under the former title 'Master of the Temple'. In the 1580s, the church was the scene of the Battle of the Pulpits, a theological conflict between Calvinists and supporters of the Church of England. The church went undamaged in the Great Fire of London in 1666. Nevertheless, it was refurbished by Christopher Wren, who made extensive modifications to the interior, including the introduction of an organ to the church for the first time. The church was restored again in 1841 by Smirke and Burton, who decorated the walls and ceiling in the high Victorian Gothic style, in an attempt to bring the church back to its original appearance. On May 10, 1941, during the height of the Battle of Britain, a German air raid of incendiary bombs set the roof of the Round Church on fire, and the fire quickly spread by wind to the nave and chapel. The organ and all the wood of the church, including the Victorian renovations, were destroyed. During the renovation, it was discovered that the renovations made by Wren in the 17th century were in storage and were replaced in their original position. The church was rededicated in November 1958.""" . :Temporal :pertainsTo :TimeDimension, :TimeInterval ; :wnsense "temporal2adj" ; :wordnet "temporal" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'temporal' in Wordnet: 2. temporal - (of or relating to or limited by time; 'temporal processing'; 'temporal dimensions'; 'temporal and spacial boundaries'; 'music is a temporal art') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TemporalLocation a :TemporalLocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TemporalLocation is a location for something - usually an Event - in the universal time line of our real world, or some alternative reality. It may be a time interval or a point in time. Instances of TemporalLocation may be represented by a DateTimeString , without being reified as an actual instance of this Type. This category includes the conceptual 'Datetime' Entity that is pointed to by the common relations like 'CREATION_DATETIME' that occur in databases. This entity is often represented by a built-in dataype of 'DateTime' or something similar. In COSMO, a DateTime is represented by subtpyes of DateTimeString, an AbstractString. A location in time can serve as a Context, which is anything that can affect the truth of a statement. In the real world, virtually every statement about real-world objects is true only in some particular time interval. RELATIVITY: Time is assumed in COSMO to be measured by some clock, which by default is the NIST atomic clock set, but can be specified as some other clock. Thus a time slice of a spatiotemporal region will be unambiguous, and observers moving relative to that clock, or relative to each other, need to adjust their interpretation according to the equations of relativity. In COSMO there is a superfluous subtype link of this entity to the most general 'Thing' so that 'time' will be exposed to viewers of this ontology at the highest level in Protege, for perspicuity. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationalContextComponent, :TemporalThing, owl:Thing ; owl:disjointWith :SituationProcessEventOrState, :SpatiotemporalRegion . :TemporalLocationType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a type of TimeInterval (temporal location) as one of their arguments.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemporalThingType . :TemporalRegion :BFO "TemporalRegion" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TemporalRegion'' is a BFO type that appears to be the union of ''TimeInterval'' and ''TimeIntervalGroup''. BFO 'TemporalRegion': BFO Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are temporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (temporal) location with temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is this region itself. Continuant [snap:Continuant] entities are not temporal entities in the technical sense just explained; they are related to time in a different way, not through temporal location but through a relation of existence at a time or during a period of time (see continuant [snap:Continuant]. BFO Comment: An instance of temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is a part of time. All parts of time are temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities and only temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are parts of time. Time is the entire extent of the temporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus a temporal region itself. BFO: Comment: Time and temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of time can be called \\\"absolutist\\\" or \\\"the container view\\\" in analogy to what is traditionally the case with space (see spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion]. BFO Definition ('TemporalRegion'): An occurrent that is part of time. BFO: Examples ('TemporalRegion'): the time it takes to run a marathon, the duration of a surgical procedure, the moment of death ******** NOTE on BFO 'TemporalRegion' *********************** COOSMO note: this is not a *quantity* of time, as the BFO example might suggest, but a *location* in time. 'ten minutes' is not an instance of 'TemporalLocation'. ******** NOTE on BFO 'TemporalRegion' *********************** """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemporalLocation ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeIntervalGroup :TimeInterval ) ] . :TemporalRelation a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of temporal Relations. This Class includes notions of (temporal) topology of intervals, (temporal) schemata, and (temporal) extension.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :TemporalThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Entity that has a beginning point in time and an ending point in time. NOTE, however, that because beginning and ending times are not always known exactly, the domains of 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint' are in fact TimeInterval - one can specify an interval during which something started or ended its existence. The usage of this term in COSMO differs from the usage in OpenCyc, in that it does **not** include the general class of PhysicalObject as a subtype, though the two categories are not disjoint. A subtype of 'PhysicalObject' *can* also be a subtype of 'TemporalThing', as in certain subclasses of 'Role' that are subclasses of PhysicalObject. The purpose of the cyc concept appears to be to permit relating both PhysicalObjects and Events to their time location. In COSMO, that purpose can be served by the relation 'hasTemporalLocation' (which see) which has as its domain the union of Events and PhysicalObjects. and 'wasCreatedDuring' and 'wasDestroyedDuring', There is, however, a subtle issue in that the beginning and ending time of a 'TemporalThing' may be the same time, i.e. the instance may be an instantaneous time slice of a time-extended entity. Since in COSMO zero-interval extended entities are indistinguishable from point entities, this means that a '3-D' endurantist object can be an instance of 'TemporalThing' just as a HumanRole, a '4-D' perdurantist object can be an instance of the typically '3-D' Person. In OpenCyc a 'TemporalThing' is very generic, it is anything that has a beginning point in time (and presumably an ending point, though it may not be known for existing things). Thus physical objects, which must come into existence at some time (perhaps the beginning of time), as well as events, are 'TemporalThings'. In COSMO, TemporalThing is reserved for TimeIntervals and Events, and PhysicalObjects are not classified as subtypes of TemporalThing. The creation and destruction time of PhysicalObjects will use different relations. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all things that have temporal extent or location, i.e. things about which one might sensibly ask When? . #$TemporalThing thus contains many kinds of things, including events, physical objects, agreements, and abstract pieces of time. Note that #$TimePoint is a specialization of #$TemporalThing, since time points have temporal location, although they arguably lack temporal extent. Abstract things that are timeless - such as mathematical sets, attributes, and numbers - are of course _not_ instances of #$TemporalThing. NOTE that although every TemporalThing must have a starting and ending TimePont, that notion is not represented as an existential restriction so that it will not be necessary to explicitly represent the starting and ending times of intervals whose starting and ending times can be calculated from the name. This is a pragmatic and implementational, not a theoretical consideration.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TimeInterval ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TimeInterval ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingTimePoint ] . :TemporalThingType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a ''TemporalThingType'' is an owl:Class whose instances have a starting and ending time, including ''Event''s, ''Role''s, and ''TimeInterval''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Temporarily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Temporary ; :wnsense "temporarily1adv" ; :wordnet "temporarily" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Temporarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the state or action modified is ''Temporary''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'temporarily' in WordNet: 1. (5) temporarily - (for a limited time only; not permanently; 'he will work here temporarily'; 'he was brought out of retirement temporarily'; 'a power failure temporarily darkened the town') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Temporary :isAnAttributeValueOf :TemporaryChangeOfUserRights, :TemporaryLodgings, :TemporaryResidenceUnit, :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Eternal, :Permanent ; :wnsense "temporary1adj" ; :wordnet "temporary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Temporary'' is an attribute that specifies that some thing (state or object) can or is likely to stop or become inactive or inoperable or cease to exist after some (relatively, contextually) short interval of time. usually this is for something intended to be temporary, so its relation to 'brief' is not parent/subtype. For 'temporary employment' this can be used to refer to a single interval of employment, but not to multiple instances. That would be a Group. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'temporary' in WordNet: 1. (6) impermanent, temporary - (not permanent; not lasting; 'politics is an impermanent factor of life'- James Thurber; 'impermanent palm cottages'; 'a temporary arrangement'; 'temporary housing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TemporaryChangeOfUserRights :guid "bd58e056-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$ChangeInUserRights and #$Transaction. In each instance of #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights, one agent temporarily gives up user rights (see #$UserRightsAttribute) over some object to another agent. Note that the agent who gives up user rights over the object does so voluntarily. Notable specializations of #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights include #$Renting and #$BorrowingSomething.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeInUserRights, :Transaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TemporaryLodgings :ldoce "lodgings" ; :wnsense "accommodation4n", "lodgings1n" ; :wordnet "accommodation", "lodgings" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any HumanShelterConstruction where one or more people sleep temporarily, but not for an extended period, and that is not a permanent residence. This includes but is not restricted to lodgings provided for a fee. Includes noun sense 1 of 'lodgings' and sense 4 of 'accommodation' in WordNet: 1. (2) diggings, digs, domiciliation, lodgings, pad - (temporary living quarters) WN noun 'accommodation': 4. accommodation - (living quarters provided for public convenience; 'overnight accommodations are available') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lodging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TemporaryResidenceUnit :en "temporary residence unit" ; :enn "temporary residence unit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TemporaryResidenceUnit is any room or suite of rooms, whether in a fixed construction or on a vehicle such as a ship, that is built with the intention to be used as a temporary residence, with at a minimum some sleeping arrangeent, by humans. This includes rooms in hotels, motels, or rented rooms in private residences, space in a dormitory, barracks, tent, mobile home, etc. For dwelling units designed as permanent residences, see 'SingleResidenceUnit'. The ''Tepee'' of a Native American is not included here, though it is designed to be easily moved, it is intended to serve as the permanent residence of its occupants. Apartments are excluded, though they may be considered in some sense 'temporary' they are not necessarily any more temporary than a single-family home.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpaceInAHOC, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TemporaryRoleCreatedByEvent is a RoleCreatedByEvent that does not necessarily continue indefinitely, but may terminate at some time; the same role may be then filled by another Object or be vacant. Examples are the Role of Employee of some company (created by a HiringEvent), and the Role of CommanderOfaMilitaryUnit - the unit may continue to exist long after the Commander has died. This Role type is not necessarily human, See 'PetAnimal' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoleCreatedByEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temporary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tempting :wnsense "tantalising2adj", "tantalizing2adj", "tempting2adj" ; :wordnet "tantalising", "tantalizing", "tempting" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Tempting' is an attribute characterizing a thing (object or Event) that causes a more intensive feeing of Desire than just the parent ''Enticing''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tempting' in Wordnet: 2. tantalizing, tantalising, tempting - (very pleasantly inviting; 'a tantalizing aroma'; 'a tempting repast') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enticing . :TemptingEvent :wnsense "allure1v", "enticement3n", "invite3v", "tempt1v", "tempt3v", "temptation3n" ; :wordnet "allure", "enticement", "invite", "tempt", "temptation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TemptingEvent'' is a ''StimulatingaFeeling'' Event stimlated by perception of a ''AttractiveThing'', where the Feeling is a ''Desire'' for something that requires Action (e.g. buying) on the part of the Person tempted. NOTE: a 'temptation' may be something performed by a Person - in that interpretation, it would be a subtype of this. Add? NOTE2: this is difficult to distinguish from 'entice', so that is included Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'tempt' in WordNet: 1. (4) tempt, allure - (dispose or incline or entice to; 'We were tempted by the delicious-looking food') 3. (1) tempt, invite - (give rise to a desire by being attractive or inviting; 'the window displays tempted the shoppers') WN noun 'temptation': 3. enticement, temptation - (the act of influencing by exciting hope or desire; 'his enticements were shameless') WN verb 'entice': 1. (1) entice, lure, tempt - (provoke someone to do something through (often false or exaggerated) promises or persuasion; \"He lured me into temptation\") 'his enticements were shameless') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StimulatingaFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttractiveThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causes ; owl:someValuesFrom :Desire ] . :Ten-Year-Old :en "ten-year-old" ; :enadj "ten-year-old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ten-Year-Old'' is an attribute that characterizes things that are ten years old, i.e. were created or born ten years in the past. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TenCentsUS :hasQuantifier :N_10 ; :hasUnit :centsUS ; a :MoneyMeasure . :TenKaratGold :en "ten karat gold" ; a :GoldType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """TenKaratGold is a Substance that is commonly referred to as 'gold', although has less than 50% Gold by weight; 10 karat gold,which has only 10 parts per 24 (41.7%) Gold is still referred to as 'gold' in jewelry.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalComponentSubstance, :Gold, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copper ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :TenTentacles :hasObjectType :Tentacle ; :hasQuantifier :N_10 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TenYearOldChild :en "ten year old" ; :enn "ten year old" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TenYears ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :TenYearPlan :en "Ten Year Plan" ; :enn "en Year Plan" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TenYearPlan'' is a ''Plan'' for Actions that includes Actions for ten years. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NextTenYears ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :TenYears :en "ten years" ; :enn "ten years" ; :hasQuantifier :N_10 ; :hasUnit :years ; :relatedInternalConcept :Year ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 5 years. """ . :Tenant :wnsense "renter1n", "tenant1n" ; :wordnet "renter", "tenant" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LegalAgent'' (individual or Organization) who has performed the Action of ''RentingSpaceInaHOC'' and therefore initiates a state of ''Possession'' of that space. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tenant' in WordNet: 1. (4) tenant, renter - (someone who pays rent to use land or a building or a car that is owned by someone else; 'the landlord can evict a tenant who doesn't pay the rent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RentingSpaceInaHOC ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Tendency :BFO "Disposition" ; :ldoce "tend", "tendency" ; :wnsense "disposition3n", "disposition4n", "inclination1n", "predisposition3n", "tend1v", "tendency2n", "tendency3n", "tendency4n" ; :wordnet "disposition", "inclination", "predisposition", "tend", "tendency" ; a :AttributeValueType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: 'Tendency' is an AttributeValue that specifies how objects (or Groups of Objects) will normally behave over some interval of time, in certain circumstances. This includes the subtype ''Disposition'' which is more specific for the tenedency of an ''IntentionalAgent'' to behave in certain ways. This type may be used to represent some aspect of a Law of Nature (see subtype 'QuantitativeTendency'). An instance of 'Tendency' can be complex, including multiple possible ways an object may behave, depending on different situations or stimuli. This is an AttributeValue of Objects or Substances that behave according to physical laws, and not a conscious disposition to act that is observed in Animals. The animal disposition to act in specific ways is represented by the type 'BehavioralDisposition', and its subtypes, and is not an AttributeType, but a mental state (a subtype of MentalEvent). This distinction reflects the fact that a 'tendency' of inanimate things to undergo natural processes (e.g. decomposition) arises from different kinds of causes than dispositions to behave in some specific way. See also ''BehavioralDisposition'' for a closely related type that is an ''AttributeValue''. Relation?? For the specific tendency of humans to behave in certain ways, the term ''Proclivity'' can be used but ''Tendency'' includes human behaviors. The differences in the was the terms are applied to people are variable and subtle. NOTE: In BFO this Type is called 'Disposition' but the term 'Tendency' is used here in COSMO, as 'disposition' is used as a term to label tendencies of animals (especially humans), and is a synonym of the subtype ''PersonTraitValue'' (which see). The general concept of ''Tendency'' including tendencies of inanimate objects as well as animate ones has the synonyms of ''PersonTraitValue'' included as included potential linguistic labels. Note that sense 4 of 'disposition' in Wordnet include 'things' as well as people, whereas sense 3 of 'disposition' is for people. This general type includes both meanings, and subsumes the more specific animal tendencies in the subtype ''PersonTraitValue''. This high-level category is **very general** and at present includes the meanings of verb 'to tend' as well as the attribute 'tendency'. @ToDo: distinguish between a Tendency (attribute) and having a Tendency?? Specializations of 'Tendency' can be attributes of inanimate objects or of animate objects, and can point to simple physical behavior, such as the tendency of heavier-than-air objects to fall to the Earth, or of chemical behavior, such as the tendency of organic materials to decompose, or of animal and human behavior, such as the tendency of animnals to get hungry over time, the tendency of geographical features (e.g. mountains) to stay where they are for a very long time. The properties referenced by a Tendency may also be implied in other relations (such as the laws of physics, chemistry and biology), but the 'Tendency' Type is useful to provide a cumulative aggregated description of the *significant* behaviors of objects that are likely to affect the course of events in some real-world situation. In a way, assigning a Tendency to an Object can help in resolving the 'Frame Problem', which reflects the inability to predict with accuracy how conditions may change over time. If Tendencies are assigned with realistic probabilities, then the state of a system at some time in the future will be more accurately predictable than in the absence of such knowledge. For most problems that have been modeled in computer systems, the model has been simplified to make it tractable, but to deal with real-world situations, the complexity of reality must be represented in some way. This category of 'Tendency' is one tool with with to do so. 'Tendency' is an AttributeValue, rather than an AttributeType. Thus the tendency ('OrganicDecomposition') of organic tissue that is no longer part of an organism to decompose (due to chemical, biochemical, and bactrial processes) would be one subtype of 'Tendency'. It would be an Attribute of tissues, and would be one of several AttributeValues that are values for the AttributeType 'Stability'. There is some relation between tendencies and QualitativeAttributes, so Tendency subtypes may be deisngated as instances of QualitativeAttributeType, and be used with the 'hasQualitativeAttribute' relation, as well as the 'hasTendency' relation. The implications of either relation should be the same, when a FOL representation is implemented. BFO Definition of 'Disposition': A realizable entity that always or with a significant degree of regularity initiates a process or transformation in the independent continuant it is a disposition of, under specific circumstances. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object) has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C. BFO Examples: the disposition of vegetables to decay when not refrigerated, the disposition of a vase to break if dropped, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of a patient with a weakened immune system to contract disease. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tend' and noun senses 2, 3, and 4 of 'tendency' in WordNet: 1. (60) tend, be given, lean, incline, run - (have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined; 'She tends to be nervous before her lectures'; 'These dresses run small'; 'He inclined to corpulence') WN 'tendency': 1. (11) inclination, disposition, tendency - (an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others; 'he had an inclination to give up too easily'; 'a tendency to be too strict') 2. (6) leaning, propensity, tendency - (an inclination to do something; 'he felt leanings toward frivolity') 3. (6) tendency, inclination - (a characteristic likelihood of or natural disposition toward a certain condition or character or effect; 'the alkaline inclination of the local waters'; 'fabric with a tendency to shrink') WN 'disposition': 4. disposition - (a natural or acquired habit or characteristic tendency in a person or thing; 'a swelling with a disposition to rupture') WN 'predisposition': 3. predisposition - (a disposition in advance to react in a particular way) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :RealizableEntity ; owl:disjointWith :DesignFunction, :Role . :TendencyToDroop a :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TendencyToDroop is the characteristic Tendency of objects that are 'Limp', in that, when held by one edge or end so that that end is pointed horizontally, the remainder of the object will curve downward toward the Earth (near the Earth's surface). Some stiffness of a 'Limp' object (such as a piece of paper) may cause the direction of a 'droop' to increase only gradually over some distance from the fixed anchor point, until it reaches the final direct-downward direction. A very limp string will point downward at a short distance (millimeters) from the anchor point. This tendency will depend not only on the substance composition of an object, but of its shape and size, and the manner in which it is anchored to a fixed holding point; a piece of paper may droop if held out flat by one edge, but may not droop at all if curled up..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeChangeTendency . :TendencyType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """TendencyType is a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of Tendency as one of their arguments. This metaclass is of importance in predicting behaviors over time, and may require probability assignments; therefore it is considered distinct and not a subtype of 'QualitativeAttributeType'..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Tender :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Affection ; :ldoce "tender" ; :wnsense "affectionate1adj", "caring2adj", "tender2adj", "tender4adj", "warm4adj" ; :wordnet "affectionate", "caring", "tender", "warm" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing 'Tenderness' (for someone). This is a subtype of 'Friendly' and may be a temporary - even fleeting - attribute. For the attirubte expressing a more lasting similar feeling, use 'Fond' Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 4 of 'tender' (hard to tell apart), sense 2 of 'caring',and sense 1 of 'affectionate' in WordNet: 1. (2) tender - (given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality; 'a tender heart'; 'a tender smile'; 'tender loving care'; 'tender memories'; 'a tender mother') 4. (2) affectionate, caring, fond, lovesome, tender, warm - (having or displaying warmth or affection; 'affectionate children'; 'caring parents'; 'a fond embrace'; 'fond of his nephew'; 'a tender glance'; 'a warm embrace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friendly . :TenderObject :guid "bd58c470-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MoneyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ExistingObjectType, and a specialization of #$LiquidAsset. Each instance of #$TenderObject is an object widely accepted as a means of payment for goods and services, and can thus play the role of #$objectTendered in instances of #$MoneyTransfer. Important specializations of #$TenderObject include #$Currency, #$CreditCard, and #$Check-TenderObject. NOT 'legal tender' : (tender, legal tender). For that use ''CurrencyObject''. NOTE also that a 'Ticket' is a TenderObject in Cyc, apparently because it can be redeemed for something valuable. In COSMO we also include Token (as in subway token) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAccessibleIBO, :Valuable-PersonalPossession . :TenderloinOfBeef :en "tenderloin of beef" ; :enn "tenderloin of beef" ; :wnsense "tenderloin2n", "undercut2n" ; :wordnet "tenderloin", "undercut" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tenderloin' in WordNet: 2. tenderloin, undercut - (the tender meat of the loin muscle on each side of the vertebral column) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beef . :TendingBar :en "bartend" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TendingBar'' is an Action performed by a ''Bartender'' whether ad hoc or professional, who serves alcoholic beverages to people who come to a 'bar' (a ''Counter'' where alcoholic beverages are stored along with mixers and glasses and other materials to mix into or garnish the drinks) RHW 'bartend': to serve or work as a bartender. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServingFoodOrDrink, :TakingCareOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrinkBar ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTended ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarTender ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Tendon :guid "bd58de7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tendon1n" ; :wordnet "tendon" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Connecting tissue between muscle and bone. SUMO: Tissue that connects Muscle to Bone. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tendon' in Wordnet: 1. (3) tendon, sinew - (a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ConnectiveTissue, :InternalAnatomicalPart . :Tenet :wnsense "dogma1n", "dogma2n", "tenet1n" ; :wordnet "dogma", "tenet" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :MentalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: according to the RHW definition this is a belief that is not necessarily religious, but is held by some GroupOfPeople, including professional groups. Not clear how it becomes accepted. This type includes both religious and non-religious interpretations, which could be dissociated. The term 'dogma' is also used metaphorically to refer to any 'belief' that is considered authoritative and mandatory for adherents of any ideological group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tenet' in WordNet: 1. (1) dogma, tenet - (a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof) WN noun 'dogma': 2. dogma - (a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative; 'he believed all the Marxist dogma') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousDoctrine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AcceptedAsTrue ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tennis :ldoce "tennis" ; :wnsense "tennis1n" ; :wordnet "tennis" ; a :RacquetGameType, :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Played on a TennisCourt and uses a TennisBall. For that relation, see 'TennisGame'. WordNet makes no distinction between the game as a specification and the execution. We use the same sense of 'tennis' for both meanings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tennnis' in WordNet: 1. (1) tennis, lawn tennis - (a game played with rackets by two or four players who hit a ball back and forth over a net that divides the court) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallSport . :TennisBall a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ball used in a TennisGame. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Ball, :Device, :GameArtifact, :ManufacturedGoods, :SphericalObject, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :TennisCourt :wnsense "tennis court1n" ; :wordnet "tennis court" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tennis court' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tennis court - (the court on which tennis is played) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameCourt, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisGame ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :TennisCourtBaseline :wnsense "baseline2n", "service line1n" ; :wordnet "baseline", "service line" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TennisCourt'' is one of two ''SportsFieldLine''s located at the two ends of the ''TennisCourt''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'baseline' in WordNet: 2. service line, baseline - (the back line bounding each end of a tennis or handball court; when serving the server must not step over this line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticFieldPart, :SportsFieldLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisCourt ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisCourt ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :TennisGame :ldoce "tennis" ; :wnsense "lawn tennis1n", "tennis1n" ; :wordnet "lawn tennis", "tennis" ; a :GameType, :RacquetGameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Action that is an execution of the game 'tennis'. WordNet makes no distinction between the game as a specification and the execution. We use the same WN sense of 'tennis' for both meanings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tennnis' in WordNet: 1. (1) tennis, lawn tennis - (a game played with rackets by two or four players who hit a ball back and forth over a net that divides the court) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldSportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tennis ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisCourt ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisRacquet ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisBall ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisStroke ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :TennisRacquet :wnsense "tennis racket1n", "tennis racquet1n" ; :wordnet "tennis racket", "tennis racquet" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TennisRacquet'' is ''Racquet'' designed to be used in a''TennisGame''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tennis racket' in WordNet: 1. (1) tennis racket, tennis racquet - (a racket used to play tennis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Racquet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisStroke ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :TennisStroke :wnsense "tennis shot1n", "tennis stroke1n" ; :wordnet "tennis shot", "tennis stroke" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TennisStroke'' is a 'StrokingAtaBall' This is The action of swinging a ''TennisRacquet'' to hit a ''TennisBall''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tennis stroke' in WordNet: 1. tennis stroke, tennis shot - (the act of hitting a tennis ball with a tennis racket) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrokingAtaBall, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PropellingaBall ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TennisRacquet ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Tenor :wnsense "tenor3n" ; :wordnet "tenor" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tenor'' is a ''Singer'' who produces a ''TenorVoice'' while ''Singing''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tenor' in WordNet: 3. tenor - (an adult male with a tenor voice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Singer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TenorVoice ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :TenorPitch :wnsense "tenor2n" ; :wordnet "tenor" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tenor' in WordNet: 2. (1) tenor - (the pitch range of the highest male voice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudiblePitch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :TenorVoice ] . :TenorVoice :wnsense "tenor voice1n", "tenor1n" ; :wordnet "tenor", "tenor voice" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TenorVoice'' is a ''SingingVoice'' produced by a ''Tenor'' singing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tenor voice' in WordNet: 1. tenor, tenor voice - (the adult male singing voice above baritone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SingingVoice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Singing-Human ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tenor ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Tense :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Tenseness ; :ldoce "tense" ; :wnsense "tense1adj" ; :wordnet "tense" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing 'Tenseness'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tense' in WordNet: 1. tense - (in or of a state of physical or nervous tension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :Tenseness :wnsense "tenseness2n" ; :wordnet "tenseness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A feeling of psychological discomfort Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tenseness' in WordNet: 2. tension, tenseness, stress - ((psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense; 'he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension'; 'stress is a vasoconstrictor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :TensileStrength :guid "bd589ee3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an AttributeType. The AttributeValues that instantiate this type have not yet (r885) been created. CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$TensileStrength describes a specific capacity of a physical object to withstand a force pulling it apart. The higher the tensile strength of the object, the higher the force required to pull the object apart. Different tensile strengths may be represented using a #$GenericValueFunction. Tensile strengths of objects are indicated with the predicate #$tensileStrengthOfSubstance.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strength . :Tension :wnsense "tautness1n", "tenseness1n", "tension3n", "tensity1n" ; :wordnet "tautness", "tenseness", "tension", "tensity" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tension'' is an ''ObjectCondition'' of SolidObjects that have forces applied to oposite ends puling them in opposite directions. For metallic objects such as a wire it can produce a negative pressure inside. This is the normal state for wires or ropes or strings that suspend objects in a gravitational field. @ToDo: Contrasts with 'compression'. How to state that relation? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tension' in WordNet: 3. (35) tension, tensity, tenseness, tautness - (the physical condition of being stretched or strained; 'it places great tension on the leg muscles'; 'he could feel the tenseness of her body') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectCondition, :PhysicalSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :PullingOnAnObject ] . :Tent :guid "bd58b401-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tent" ; :wnsense "tent1n" ; :wordnet "tent" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that in COSMO a 'Tent' is a Tent even when it is folded up, in storage or transportation, and not deployed; therefore it is only a 'HumanShelterConstruction' when deployed. This type includes bith the collapsed (folded0 and erected types of 'tent' and we create a subtype 'ErectedTent' to be the erected shelter construction and have the prototypical characteristics of a tent in place. Every Tent must have a part which is a FreeSheet made of Fabric, and some rigid objects that aserve as the framework. The linguistic word 'tent' is ambiguous between the physical object and the structure created from it. In this classification, a piece of canvas suspended from a line between two trees is not a 'Tent' because it does not have some rigid supporting frame as part. NOTE that a ''Tent'' is not necessarily a place to reside overnight, it can be one placed anywhere to shelter people outside of a ''Building'', as at gatherings on a lawn. CYC 'TentTheShelter': A portable shelter made of canvas, cloth, etc. stretched over poles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tent' in WordNet: 1. (17) tent, collapsible shelter - (a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs); 'he pitched his tent near the creek') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :HumanScaleObject, :PortableObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Pole ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :FabricObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Portable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TentCeiling a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The top part of an ErectedTent, made of a 'FabricObject'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceiling, :FabricObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ErectedTent ] . :Tentacle :guid "bd58e2c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tentacle2n" ; :wordnet "tentacle" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A flexible, boneless arm-like appendage which sometimes has suction cups, and sometimes occurs on invertebrates. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tentacle' in WordNet: 2. tentacle - (any of various elongated tactile or prehensile flexible organs that occur on the head or near the mouth in many animals; used for feeling or grasping or locomotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :HolderGripper . :Tentatively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Provisional ; :wnsense "tentatively1adv" ; :wordnet "tentatively" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tentatively'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'tentatively' in Wordnet: 1. (3) tentatively - (in a tentative manner; 'we agreed tentatively on a dinner date') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Tenth :hasNumericalAbbreviation "10th" ; :hasOrderNumber "10"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "tenth1adj" ; :wordnet "tenth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tenth' in Wordnet: 1. (4) tenth, 10th - (coming next after the ninth and just before the eleventh in position) """ . :Tenuous :isTheOppositeOf :Strong ; :wnsense "flimsy2adj", "slight1adj", "tenuous1adj", "thin4adj" ; :wordnet "flimsy", "slight", "tenuous", "thin" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tenuous'' and its synonyms 'slight', 'flimsy' and 'thin' are used to characterize many different types of thing, but are not used to characterize PhysicalObjects. 'unconvincing' could be a synonym for some uses. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tenuous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) flimsy, slight, tenuous, thin - (having little substance or significance; 'a flimsy excuse'; 'slight evidence'; 'a tenuous argument'; 'a thin plot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Weak . :Tepee :wnsense "teepee1n", "tepee1n", "tipi1n" ; :wordnet "teepee", "tepee", "tipi" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Tepee'' represents the conical 'tepee' used by plains Indians as a portable dwelling place. The sides are typically made from animal hides. Non-conical AmericanIndian dwellings are represented by the parent type ''IndianLodge'' or the type called a ''Wigwam''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tepee' in WordNet: 1. tepee, tipi, teepee - (a native American tent; usually of conical shape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndianLodge, :Tent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmericanIndian ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Conical ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hide ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmericanIndian ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Tequila :guid "bd58ae87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :EthylAlcohol ; :isDerivedFrom :Agave ; :wnsense "tequila1n" ; :wordnet "tequila" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A hard liquor from #$Mexico Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tequila' in WordNet: 1. tequila - (Mexican liquor made from fermented juices of an agave plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distillate, :Liquor . :Terbium :guid "bfd3f27e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "65"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Tb1n", "terbium1n" ; :wordnet "Tb", "terbium" ; a :ElementType, :MalleableThingType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of terbium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terbium' in WordNet: 1. terbium, Tb, atomic number 65 - (a metallic element of the rare earth group; used in lasers; occurs in apatite and monazite and xenotime and ytterbite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RareEarthElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Term :wnsense "term1n" ; :wordnet "term" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Term' is one or more 'Word's that function as a tight unit to designate a specific concept. A 'Term' may or may not be a part of a human language; it may be a simple symbol created ad hoc explicitly as part of some logical or mathematical construction. For 'Terms' that have meaning in a human language, use 'Word'. A 'Term' may have one unbroken word, or may contain two or more Words that function as a unit to designate some concept. This type should be used to represent symbol strings that are not part of a natural language, but are constructed as part of a mathematical or logical structure. This includes senses 1, 4, and 5 of 'term' in WordNet: 1. (307) term - (a word or expression used for some particular thing; 'he learned many medical terms') 4. (23) term - (any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial; 'the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree') 5. (7) term - (one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition; 'the major term of a syllogism must occur twice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, :Designator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :TermOfOffice :wnsense "incumbency1n", "tenure1n", "term of office1n" ; :wordnet "incumbency", "tenure", "term of office" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The period of time during which some ''Incumbent'' holds an Office. Very general, for any formal position, such as a ''EmploymentPosition'', not just for officers.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incumbency' in WordNet: 1. tenure, term of office, incumbency - (the term during which some position is held) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Incumbent ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :TerminalIllness :en "fatal disease", "fatal illness", "terminal illness" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TerminalIllness'' is a ''Disease'' that causes is highly likely to cause ''Death''. Occasionally a Person has a 'miracle cure' and avoids dying. A Person with a ''TerminalIllness'' is usually expected to die within a year or less. This is not necessarily so close to ''Death'' that it would be considered as a ''DyingProcess''. Not the same as a ''FinalLifeStage'', which may not be an illness at all. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalDisease, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ] ; owl:disjointWith :SelfLimitingDisease . :TerminalVelocity :wnsense "terminal velocity1n" ; :wordnet "terminal velocity" ; a :MeasureType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TerminalVelocity'' is the ''LimitingValue'' for the ''RateOfDescent'' of some ''PhysicalObject'' falling in the atmosphere, limited by the forces of resistance caused by aerodynamic effects of bodies moving in the air (or any other fluid medium on other planets). This velocity is the velocity at which the ''AerodynamicResistance'' of the falling object equals the gravitational force on the object. The gravitational force is constant regardless of speed, but the ''AerodynamicResistance'' increases until the speed equals the gravitational force, that speed being the ''TerminalVelocity''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terminal velocity' in WordNet: 1. (1) terminal velocity - (the constant maximum velocity reached by a body falling through the atmosphere under the attraction of gravity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LimitingValue, :RateOfDescent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Falling-Freefall ; owl:onProperty :isaMeasureOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speed ; owl:onProperty :isaLimitOnAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RateOfDescent ; owl:onProperty :isaLimitOnAttributeType ] . :TerminatingEmploymentAtOrganization :guid "bd58d986-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this Cyc type was namded 'EmploymentTermination', but it seems to be specific for ending emoployment at an ORganization. The term EmploymentTermination is used in COSMO for terminating employment of any kind, for any reason. The Cyc type is renamed and made a subtype of the more general type. Cyc: A specialization of both #$EndingAnAgreement and #$OrganizationalTransferOut. Each instance of #$EmploymentTermination is an event in which some employee (an instance of #$IntelligentAgent) ceases to work for his or her employer. The termination may be initiated by either party, or it may have been specified in the original #$WorkAgreement (q.v.) that specified the terms of the employment. Specializations of #$EmploymentTermination include #$Resigning, #$EmployeeLayoff, #$DischargeWithPrejudice, and #$RetirementEvent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmploymentTermination, :LeavingAnOrganization . :Terminology :wnsense "language3n", "nomenclature1n", "terminology1n" ; :wordnet "language", "nomenclature", "terminology" ; a :GroupType, :LanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Terminology'' is a Group of at least two ''Word''s that are used in some Language, including some specialized subset of a full ''Language''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terminology' in WordNet: 1. (2) terminology, nomenclature, language - (a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline; 'legal terminology'; 'biological nomenclature'; 'the language of sociology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vocabulary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Word ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Word ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInLanguage ] . :Termite :guid "bd58bb6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "termite1n", "white ant1n" ; :wordnet "termite", "white ant" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'termite' in WordNet: 1. termite, white ant - (whitish soft-bodied ant-like social insect that feeds on wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vermin, :Xylophage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WoodenBeam ; owl:onProperty :canDamage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Destructive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Terms :wnsense "footing1n", "terms1n" ; :wordnet "footing", "terms" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Terms'' is a ''Status''of a Person ranging from friendship to dislike or distrust with respect to other individual people or groups of People. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terms' in WordNet: 1. (2) footing, terms - (status with respect to the relations between people or groups; 'on good terms with her in-laws'; 'on a friendly footing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Status . :Tern :guid "bd64dbd4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tern1n" ; :wordnet "tern" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Shore bird. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tern' in WordNet: 1. tern - (small slender gull having narrow wings and a forked tail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Larid, :Scavenger, :ShoreBird . :TernaryRelation a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """TernaryRelations relate three items. The two subclasses of TernaryRelation are TernaryPredicate and BinaryFunction.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :Terrace :guid "c0fba155-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bench3n", "terrace2n" ; :wordnet "bench", "terrace" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A human-made flat portion of the ground that is elevated somewhat. It has sloping or vertical sides. A serie of ''Terrace''s may be created to permit agriculture on sloping ground, and to avoid erosion by rainwater. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'terrace' in WordNet: 2. terrace, bench - (a level shelf of land interrupting a declivity (with steep slopes above and below)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :ArtifactObject, :Ground, :LandTopographicalFeature . :Terrain :wnsense "terrain1n" ; :wordnet "terrain" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Terrain'' is a ''Tract' of land that is large enough that it can take some time to cross, and is categorized by surface features, such as hilly, mountainous, water barriers, that emphasize the ease or difficulty of traversing the land or using it for some purpose. In effect,land from the perspective of how easily it can be used for a purpose RHW 'terrain' sense 1: 1. a tract of land, esp. as considered with reference to its natural features, military advantages, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terrain' in WordNet: 1. (2) terrain - (a piece of ground having specific characteristics or military potential; 'they decided to attack across the rocky terrain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tract . :TerrainLowGround :guid "c57ea9ec-ed0e-41d7-97a9-98c2ad1d23b2" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A military term and an instance of #$TerrainTypeBySurfaceLevel. The central feature point of low ground terrain is typically (though not necessarily) lower in altitude than the surrounding terrain. Instances of #$TerrainLowGround are #$Places that require one to traverse a negative slope in order to reach the central feature point. From a tactical standpoint, it is typically assumed that instances of #$TerrainLowGround impede observation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place . :Terrene :isAnAttributeValueOf :TerrestrialOrganism ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :InhabitingTheLand ; :wnsense "tellurian1adj", "telluric2adj", "terrene1adj", "terrestrial1adj" ; :wordnet "tellurian", "telluric", "terrene", "terrestrial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'terrene' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tellurian, telluric, terrestrial, terrene - (of or relating to or inhabiting the land as opposed to the sea or air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rare, :Salient . :Terrestrial :pertainsTo :Earth, :LandArea ; :wnsense "planetary2adj", "terrestrial2adj" ; :wordnet "planetary", "terrestrial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'terrestrial' in Wordnet: 2. (1) planetary, terrestrial - (of or relating to or characteristic of the planet Earth or its inhabitants; 'planetary rumblings and eructations'- L.C.Eiseley ; 'the planetary tilt'; 'this terrestrial ball') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TerrestrialOrganism :en "terrestrial organism" ; :enn "terrestrial organism" ; :guid "bd590841-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Organism-Whole. Each instance of #$TerrestrialOrganism is an organism adapted to life on land, out of water. Instances of #$TerrestrialOrganism spend all or most of their time out of the water, either on the land surface or under it. Specializations of #$TerrestrialOrganism include #$Dog, #$Bird, and #$Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandArea ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InhabitingTheLand ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Terrible :isMoreIntenseThan :Awful, :Bad ; :ldoce "terrible" ; :wnsense "dreadful1adj", "frightening1adj", "terrible1adj" ; :wordnet "dreadful", "frightening", "terrible" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Terrible' is used to mean 'frightening, horrific' and 'really bad, abominably bad'. The latter is repreented as 'Abominable'. A higher of intensity of 'Unpleasant' than 'Awful', including the attribute that means that something is not only unpleasant, but also causes fear (or fright or dread), and is worse than just 'Bad'; causing fear of substantial damage to something valuable (even if valuable to others) would qualify, not necessarily only fear for one's life. NOTE: the word 'terrible' may be used in an exaggerated manner, for things that are not really that bad; auch rhetorical use needs to be recognized by a linguistic analyzer and should not cause the use of this attribute, which is for things that are truly very bad, unpleasant, and causing fear. This corresponds approximately to sense 1 of 'terrible' and sense 1 of 'frightening' and sense 1 of 'dreadful' and parts of senses 1 and 3 of 'awful' and 1 and 2 of 'terrible' in in WordNet: WN 'terrible' 1. (11) awful, dire, direful, dread, dreaded, dreadful, fearful, fearsome, frightening, horrendous, horrific, terrible - (causing fear or dread or terror; 'the awful war'; 'an awful risk'; 'dire news'; 'a career or vengeance so direful that London was shocked'; 'the dread presence of the headmaster'; 'polio is no longer the dreaded disease it once was'; 'a dreadful storm'; 'a fearful howling'; 'horrendous explosions shook the city'; 'a terrible curse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Awful, :VeryBad . :Terrier :wnsense "terrier1n" ; :wordnet "terrier" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terrier' in WordNet: 1. (2) terrier - (any of several usually small short-bodied breeds originally trained to hunt animals living underground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HuntingDog . :Terrified :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Terror ; :wnsense "panic-stricken1adj", "panicked1adj", "panicky1adj", "terrified1adj" ; :wordnet "panic-stricken", "panicked", "panicky", "terrified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling Terror. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terrified' in Wordnet: 1. panicky, panicked, panic-stricken, panic-struck, terrified, frightened - (thrown into a state of intense fear or desperation; 'became panicky as the snow deepened'; 'felt panicked before each exam'; 'trying to keep back the panic-stricken crowd'; 'the terrified horse bolted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frightened . :Terrifying :eventWithCauses :Terror ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Terror ; :wnsense "terrific3adj", "terrifying1adj" ; :wordnet "terrific", "terrifying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Terrifying'' is an intensive form of 'Frightening', an attribute of something that causes more than average''Fear'',it causes a ''Terror''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'terrifying' in Wordnet: 1. (3) terrific, terrifying - (causing extreme terror; 'a terrifying wail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TerrifyingEvent :wnsense "terrify1v", "terrorise2v", "terrorize2v" ; :wordnet "terrify", "terrorise", "terrorize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Terrifying'' is a ''FrighteningEvent'' that provokes not just ''Fear'', but ''Terror''. This can be an Action of a Person or beast, or some event that causes or threatens to cause harm to a person. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'terrify' in WordNet: 1. (1) terrify, terrorize, terrorise - (fill with terror; frighten greatly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FrighteningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Terror ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Territorial :isAnAttributeValueOf :GeopoliticalRegion ; :pertainsTo :Country, :GeopoliticalRegion, :Territory ; :wnsense "territorial1adj" ; :wordnet "territorial" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'territorial' in Wordnet: 1. (2) territorial - (of or relating to a territory; 'the territorial government of the Virgin Islands'; 'territorial claims made by a country') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TerritorialExpansion :en "territorial expansion" ; :enn "territorial expansion" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TerritorialExpansion'' is an ''Expanding'' in which some Country increases its control over the ''GeographicalArea''s over which it claims jurisdiction. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expanding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Country ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Jurisdiction-Authority ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ] . :TerritorialReserve :wnsense "territorial reserve1n", "territorial2n" ; :wordnet "territorial", "territorial reserve" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'territorial reserve' in WordNet: 1. territorial, territorial reserve - (a territorial military unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Militia . :TerritorialWaters :en "territorial waters" ; :enn "territorial waters" ; :guid "bfb176f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$SeaWater such that they are subject to the political jurisdiction of a particular country. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SeaWater ; owl:onProperty :isOccupiedMostlyBySubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ] . :Territory :wnsense "territory3n" ; :wordnet "territory" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type ''Territory'' is a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' legally controlled by a Country but *not* part of the ''Country'' that exercises control. This excludes areas that are occupied by troops of one country, but are not formally included in the legal structure of the occupying country. Thus ''PuertoRico'' is a ''Territory'' of the United States, but not part of the United States. NOTE that the ''Country'' referenced in the restrictions is the same Country in both restrictions. This equivalance is not easy to express in OWL, but can be expressed in FOL using variables. NOTE: the example in the WN gloss is *not* an example of this type. See ''PuertoRico''. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 3 of 'territory' in WordNet: 3. territory, soil - (the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state; 'American troops were stationed on Japanese soil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Country ; owl:onProperty :isNotaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Country ] . :Terror :isanIntensiveFormOf :Fear ; :ldoce "terror" ; :wnsense "affright1n", "apprehension1n", "apprehensiveness1n", "dread1n", "panic1n", "terror1n" ; :wordnet "affright", "apprehension", "apprehensiveness", "dread", "panic", "terror" ; a :FeelingType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Terror is the highest reified level within the general class of states called 'Fear'. Terror may paralyze action, or be a spur to action - this type does not require any action-related consequence. NOTE: this is a ''GoalSituation'' because Terror is a goal of terrorists. ''Terror'' is conflated with 'panic' in WN,but the two are separated in COSMO. ''panic' is sudden and addresses a more immediate threat and creates a greater impulse to flee or take evasive action. Terror can paralyse. A mild form of ''Terror'' may be generated by reading news or watching horror movies,but 'Panic'' doesn't arise that way. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terror' in WordNet: 1. (11) panic, terror, affright - (an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety) WN Also included here is 'dread'; in WN dread seems to WN include not only fear but anticipation: WN 'dread' 1. (1) apprehension, apprehensiveness, dread - (fearful expectation or anticipation; 'the student looked around the examination room with apprehension') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fear, :GoalSituation . :TerrorBomber :wnsense "bomber2n" ; :wordnet "bomber" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'bomber' in WordNet: 2. bomber - (a person who plants bombs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evildoer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bombing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Terrorism :wnsense "act of terrorism1n", "terrorism1n", "terrorist act1n" ; :wordnet "act of terrorism", "terrorism", "terrorist act" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :PlanType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Terrorism' is a form of ''Activism'' in which destruction is performed to cause ''Terror''.. WN only has the action of 'terrorism': 1. terrorism, act of terrorism, terrorist act - (the calculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Activism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TerroristAct ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DesiredFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ] . :TerroristAct :wnsense "act of terrorism1n", "terrorism1n", "terrorist act1n" ; :wordnet "act of terrorism", "terrorism", "terrorist act" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TerroristAct'' is any ''ViolentAction'' intended to cause ''Terror'' in support of a ''Campaign''. It is performed by a ''TerroristAgent''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terrorism' in WordNet: 1. terrorism, act of terrorism, terrorist act - (the calculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AntisocialAction, :DirectAction, :ViolentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TerroristAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Terror ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Terror ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TerroristAgent ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Terrorism ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ] . :TerroristAgent :guid "bfcb7eca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "terrorist1n" ; :wordnet "terrorist" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SocialBeing and #$CovertAgent (qq.v.). Each instance of #$TerroristAgent is a person (see #$Terrorist) or a group of people (see #$TerroristGroup) that commits terrorist activities (see #$TerroristAct and #$TerroristAttack). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'terrorist' in WordNet: 1. (1) terrorist - (a radical who employs terror as a political weapon; usually organizes with other terrorists in small cells; often uses religion as a cover for terrorist activities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Activist, :SecretAgent, :SocialBeing . :Tesla :wnsense "tesla1n" ; :wordnet "tesla" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI magnetic flux density measure. Symbol: T. One Tesla equals one Weber per square Meter. Tesla = Wb/m^2 = kg*s^(-2)*A^(-1) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tesla' in WordNet: 1. tesla - (a unit of magnetic flux density equal to one weber per square meter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :TestOfSkill :wnsense "examination5n", "testing1n" ; :wordnet "examination", "testing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TestOfSkill' is a 'MentalTesting'' that includes the actions of an examiner who administers the test and a subject whose skill (mental or procedural) is being tested. This type represents the whole Action of testing, including the administring and the taking of the 'exam'. NOTE: the WN goss suggests that this is the act of theexaminer who gives the test, but this is the whole Event of giving and taking the test. Giving the test is represented by the subEvent ''Examining''. The action of the Person taking the test is represented by the subEvent ''TakingAnExam''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'testing' in WordNet: 3. (2) examination, testing - (the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaluating, :MentalTesting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Examining ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TakingAnExam ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WrittenExam ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :TestProcedure :ldoce "test" ; :wnsense "test1n" ; :wordnet "test" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TestProcedure' is a Procedure for testing something; an execution of such a Procedure would be a 'TestingEvent'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'test' in WordNet, NOTE that 'mental test' is represented by the subtype 'MentalTestProcedure' and by 'MentalTest': in WordNet: 1. (103) test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test - (any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; 'the test was standardized on a large sample of students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Procedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TestingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :TestResult :ldoce "result" ; :wnsense "result3n" ; :wordnet "result" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TestResult is the information obtained as a result of conducting a test. The information is Linguistic, because an Answer is a subtype of Artifact-Generic. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'result' in WordNet: 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Answer, :LinguisticAssertion, :Result . :TestScore :en "test score" ; :enn "test score" ; :wnsense "grade6n", "mark1n", "score1n" ; :wordnet "grade", "mark", "score" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (for school work) of noun sense 6 of 'grade' in WordNet: 6. mark, grade, score - (a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance); 'she made good marks in algebra'; 'grade A milk'; \"what was your score on your homework?\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appraisal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GradingScoolWork ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :TakingAnExam ] . :Testament :wnsense "testament1n" ; :wordnet "testament" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Testament'' is a ''Proclaiming'' of a ''Credo'', stating for some audience that one believes in some ''beliefSystem''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'testament' in WordNet: 1. (2) testament - (a profession of belief; 'he stated his political testament') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Declaration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMainTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :Credo ] . :Tester :wnsense "examiner1n", "quizzer1n", "tester1n" ; :wordnet "examiner", "quizzer", "tester" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tester' in WordNet: 1. examiner, tester, quizzer - (someone who administers a test to determine your qualifications) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inquirer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quizzing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Testicle :guid "bd58ccdb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ball5n", "ballock1n", "bollock1n", "egg3n", "nut7n", "orchis2n", "testicle1n", "testis1n" ; :wordnet "ball", "ballock", "bollock", "egg", "nut", "orchis", "testicle", "testis" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all testes. A #$Testicle (testis) is a #$SpermCell producing #$Organ appearing in male and hermaphroditic animals, both #$Vertebrate and #$Invertebrate. In most #$Vertebrates these occur in pairs, and in some #$Mammals (notably #$MaleHumans) are held in a pouch (#$Sac-Organic) of #$Skin (the #$Scrotum) which hangs from the #$Penis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'testicle' in WordNet: 1. (2) testis, testicle, orchis, ball, ballock, bollock, nut, egg - (one of the two male reproductive glands that produce spermatozoa and secrete androgens; 'she kicked him in the balls and got away') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gonad, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MaleAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scrotum ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ] . :Testifier :wnsense "deponent1n", "deposer1n", "testifier1n" ; :wordnet "deponent", "deposer", "testifier" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Testifier'' is a Person who testifies in some ''CourtCase'' or in a ''Deposition' . The subtype ''CourtWitness'' testifies in a ''CourtCase''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'testifier' in WordNet: 1. testifier, deponent, deposer - (a person who testifies or gives a deposition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Testifying ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Testimony ; owl:onProperty :canCreate ] . :Testifying :en "bearing witness", "bears witness", "bore witness", "testifying" ; :guid "49579128-486f-41d8-8d45-fb542501287c" ; :wnsense "bear witness1v", "testify1v", "testify2v" ; :wordnet "bear witness", "testify" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Giving testimony as part of a JudicialProcess. In COSMO this is any kind of testifying or certifying, oral or written, in any context not just a cour of Law. This is the act of giving information by one person to others for the purose of establishing a fact that may be in question, especially about a third person. Merely stating facts is the parent type, and this is a subtype. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'testify' in Wordnet: 1. (13) testify, attest, take the stand, bear witness - (give testimony in a court of law) 2. (1) testify, bear witness, prove, evidence, show - (provide evidence for; 'The blood test showed that he was the father'; 'Her behavior testified to her incompetence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Testimony ] . :Testimonial :wnsense "testimonial1n", "tribute1n" ; :wordnet "testimonial", "tribute" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Testimonial'' is a 'PraiseText' given to a Person on a formal occasion (such as a 'testimonial dinner'). NOTE: this is similar to a ''Panegyric'' but this type includes organized gatherings, which are not 'texts'. @ToDo: This needs broadening and distinction. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'testimonial' in WordNet: 2. (1) tribute, testimonial - (something given or done as an expression of esteem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PraiseText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Testimony :guid "7156e42a-1940-41d8-9d5c-9b49bfd57b9b" ; :wnsense "testimony1n" ; :wordnet "testimony" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AbstractSymbolicObject created by an act of ''Testifying''. This category has a number of different subtypes of abstract objects produced by ''Testifying'', including ''Certification'' and various ''EducationalDegree''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'testimony' in Wordnet: 1. (5) testimony - (a solemn statement made under oath) 2. (4) testimony - (an assertion offering firsthand authentication of a fact; 'according to his own testimony he can't do it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Record, :Statement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Testifying ] . :TestingEvent :en "testing" ; :ldoce "test" ; :wnsense "test1n", "test1v", "test2v", "test6v" ; :wordnet "test" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TestingEvent is a purposeful action performed on some PhysicalObject in order to obtain information related to that Object (which could be an animal). This is a broad meaning of 'test' including physical tests and academic or professional examinations and Polls, but a TestingEvent must be conducted specifically to determine an answer to some question. This type does not include the sense of using something for its intended purpose and as a side-effect considering the usage as a test of its utility, unless that use was conducted primarily to determine its utility; NOTE that every TestingEvent results in a TestResult; a failed or incomplete test would be an attempt, not a TestingEvent that is an instance of this type. NOTE that the notion of TestingEvent includes Measuring as a subtype. Various subtypes of ''Inquiring'' such as ''Examining'', 'testing' (''TestingEvent''), ''Inspection'', ''Investigation'' all have overlapping elements and are not yet (rev1153) fully distinguished. Includes sense 1, 2, and 6 of verb 'test' and noun sense 2 in WordNet: WN verb 'test': 1. (37) test, prove, try, try out, examine, essay - (put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; 'This approach has been tried with good results'; 'Test this recipe') 2. (9) screen, test - (test or examine for the presence of disease or infection; 'screen the blood for the HIV virus') 'The teacher tests us every week'; 'We got quizzed on French irregular verbs') 6. test - (determine the presence or properties of (a substance)) WN noun 'test': 2. (103) test, trial, run - (the act of testing something; 'in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately'; 'he called each flip of the coin a new trial') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evaluating, :InformationGathering, :Inquiring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :TestResult ] . :Testosterone :guid "c0fd59e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "testosterone1n" ; :wordnet "testosterone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The steroid hormone. CYC: The collection of all instances of testosterone. The substance is a #$ReproductiveHormone, produced by the #$Testicles, which is needed for spermatogenesis and for secondary sexual characteristics in male mammals as well as for the male sex drive. It stimulates skeletal muscle production and is important in maintining muscle mass and bone tissue in the adult male. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'testosterone' in Wordnet: 1. testosterone - (a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes; responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Androgen, :SteroidHormone . :Tetanus :guid "c0fd5eba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lockjaw1n", "tetanus1n" ; :wordnet "lockjaw", "tetanus" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A condition caused by the toxin of a bacterium, which causes the muscles (esp. jaw) to contract tightly. It is frequently contracted through puncture wounds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tetanus' in WordNet: 1. tetanus, lockjaw - (an acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection, :LifeThreateningCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tetanus-Bacterium ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ] . :Tetanus-Bacterium :en "Clostridium tetani", "tetanus bacterium" ; :guid "a707bda0-7040-41d7-9483-f1b56521be11" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Tetanus-Bacterium is a bacteria that causes #$Tetanus. Online: Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, disease caused by an exotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clostridium, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tetanus ; owl:onProperty :presenceCauses ] . :TetheringAnAnimal :wnsense "tether1v" ; :wordnet "tether" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TetheringAnAnimal'' is an Action that uses a ''CordlikeObject' attached another object to restrain an Animal from moving further than the length of the ''CordlikeObject'. The other object could be moving, as when a Dog is held by a Person on a ''Leash''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tether' in WordNet: 1. (1) tether - (tie with a tether; 'tether horses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :prevents ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BodyMovementEvent :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :TetraHydroCannabinol :guid "bdff342e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "THC1n", "tetrahydrocannabinol1n" ; :wordnet "THC", "tetrahydrocannabinol" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all portions of tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, believed to be the primary active constituent in #$Marijuana and #$Hashish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tetrahydrocannabinol' in WordNet: 1. tetrahydrocannabinol, THC - (psychoactive substance present in marijuana) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicCompound, :OrganicSubstance, :PsychoactiveAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MarijuanaPlant ; owl:onProperty :isaConstituentSubstanceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marijuana ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentSubstanceOf ] . :Texan :guid "bd58be2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Texan1n" ; :wordnet "Texan" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: People living in the state of Texas. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Texan' in WordNet: 1. (2) Texan - (a native or resident of Texas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inhabitant, :UnitedStatesPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StateOfTexas ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :TexasLawAgainstMurder :appliesInJurisdiction :StateOfTexas ; :hasAbstractRepresentation :TexasLawAgainstMurderText ; :hasComponentElement :the ; :hasDesiredSituation :NoMurdersInTexas ; :hasMainTopic :Murder ; :hasTopic :Murder ; :holdsAtLocation :StateOfTexas ; :isaComponentElementOf :TexasStateLegalCode ; :wasAssignedByAuthority :StateOfTexas ; a :Law, :MentalObject . :TexasLawAgainstMurderText :hasComponentElement :the ; :isanAbstractRepresentationOf :TexasLawAgainstMurder ; a :LawText . :TexasStateLegalCode :appliesInJurisdiction :StateOfTexas ; :hasComponentElement :TexasLawAgainstMurder ; a :LegalSystem . :TextBook-Abstract :wnsense "school text1n", "schoolbook1n", "text3n", "textbook1n" ; :wordnet "school text", "schoolbook", "text", "textbook" ; a :ObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TextBook-Abstract' is a ''Book-Abstract'' used for teaching the subject that is the topic of the book. Each pupil/student in that class or course typically has a copy of the corresponding physical ''TextBook-Physical''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'textbook' in WordNet: 1. textbook, text, text edition, schoolbook, school text - (a book prepared for use in schools or colleges; 'his economics textbook is in its tenth edition'; 'the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :Book-Abstract, :PropositionalConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ; owl:someValuesFrom :TextBook-Physical ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Studying ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :TextBook-Physical :wnsense "school text1n", "schoolbook1n", "text edition1n", "text3n", "textbook1n" ; :wordnet "school text", "schoolbook", "text", "text edition", "textbook" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TextBook-Physical'' is a physical representation of a 'TextBook-Abstract', used for teaching the subject that is the topic of the book. Each pupil/student in that class or course typically has a copy of such a ''TextBook-Physical''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'textbook' in WordNet: 1. textbook, text, text edition, schoolbook, school text - (a book prepared for use in schools or colleges; 'his economics textbook is in its tenth edition'; 'the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :TextBook-Abstract ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Studying ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Teaching ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :TextMarking :en "text marking" ; :enn "text marking" ; :guid "bd590b57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of visual marks. Each element of #$TextMarking is a visual artifact, a mark or configuration of marks recognizable as text in some writing system. Examples of #$TextMarking include written words, written numbers, sentences, individual letters and numerals, all the text on a piece of paper or in a book, auxiliary marks like punctuation, etc. NOTE the 'isAtTheSurfaceOf' restriction means that it is at the surface of a *page* of text. Being on the cover of a book would not be an intended use of this unless the mark was deliberately placed on a cover with text on it """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, :SignObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TextualMaterial ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ] . :TextOfaBroadcast a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TextOfaBroadcast'' is the text-representable content of some ''MediaTransmitting\"'' event(Radio, TV or Cable), whether it is in effect an abstract transcript of the broadcast or is textual material represented in readable form in the video portion of a ''TVTransmitting'' Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :MediaTransmitting ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractBroadcast ] . :TextPart a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'DocumentPart' is an AbstractSymbolicObject (text or image or Table) that is a proper part of some larger AbstractText. The restriction requires that the larger text be specified. excerpt, excerption, extract, selection """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedInObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractText ] . :TextType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TextType'' is a subtype of ''ObjectType'', each instance of which is a ''ConceptualWork'' that primarily consists of ''\"TextualMaterial'' or an AbstractDocument. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectType . :TextbookExercise :ldoce "exercise" ; :wnsense "exercise4n" ; :wordnet "exercise" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TextbookExercise'' is a 'PracticeProcedure' contained in writing at the back of a section of a ''TextBook-Abstract''. E.g. 'Do the exercises at the back of each chapter'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'exercise' in WordNet: 4. (2) exercise, example - (a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding; 'you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :PracticeProcedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TextBook-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TextBook-Abstract ; owl:onProperty :isContainedInObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PracticeExercise ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :TextileArtifact :guid "bd589b53-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$TextileArtifact is a specialization of #$Artifact-NonAgentive, #$DurableGoods, #$SolidTangibleArtifact, and #$CommodityProduct. Each instance of #$TextileArtifact is a product made by spinning, weaving, knitting, wrapping, pressing, or other processes used to form fibers into usable materials such as cloth or linen. Notable specializations of #$TextileArtifact include #$Cloth, #$Cord-Textile, and #$Netting. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :FabricObject, :FibrousObject, :FlexibleObject, :HumanScaleObject . :TextileMachine :wnsense "textile machine1n" ; :wordnet "textile machine" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TextileMachine'' is a ''ManufacturingMachine'' that is designed to produce Textiles or some component or starting material for textiles, such as yarn or thread.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'textile machine' in Wordnet: 1. textile machine - (a machine for making textiles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturingMachine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TextileArtifact ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Texting :en "texting" ; :enn "texting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Texting'' is a means of ''LinguisticCommunication'' that uses ''CellularTelephone''s to send written messages,transmitted over the ''Internet''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternetCommunication, :LinguisticCommunication . :Textual :pertainsTo :AbstractText, :TextualMaterial ; :wnsense "textual1adj" ; :wordnet "textual" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'textual' in Wordnet: 1. textual - (of or relating to or based on a text; 'textual analysis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TextualMaterial :guid "bd5904c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "text1n", "textual matter1n" ; :wordnet "text", "textual matter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """TextualMaterial is a PhysicalObject that has some text (linguistic symbols) written on it in some language, and the text should be a significant part of the purpose of creating the object, not just an incidental identification mark or graffiti. This is usually, but not always, 'PrintedMaterial'; this can be erasable markings such as chalk writing on a ''Blackboard''; it may be in digital form on a CD or DVD or in computer memory, etc. If an Object is not originally textual (e.g. blank paper), but had text added for the purpose of conveying information via the text, and the main function of the object then becomes to hold that text, that object become textual material after the text is added. A building wall with elaborate graffiti is not textual material, though the physical material of the graffiti marks themselves (located on the wall) could be classified as textual material. In SUMO called simply 'Text'. SUMO: LinguisticExpression or set of LinguisticExpressions that perform a specific function related to Communication, e.g. express a discourse about a particular topic, and that are inscribed in a CorpuscularObject by Humans. COSMO note: This is a physical text, so it is not an AbstractSymbolicObject, and therefore we have removed 'InformationStore' as a parent, and changed the parent 'InformationBearingThing' to 'InformationBearingObject'. Cyc: A specialization of #$InformationBearingThing (IBT). Each instance of #$TextualMaterial is an IBT a significant part of whose informational content is both (i) encoded in some #$CommunicationConvention (q.v.), usually a #$Language, and (ii) represented or displayed in a spatial format. Examples include a copy of a newspaper printed in English using the Roman alphabet, a copy of a book printed in English using Braille, and a poster written in Chinese characters. Condition (i) excludes things like hardcopies of drawings, while condition (ii) excludes things like magnetic tapes containing recorded speech. A piece of textual material always involves one or more spatially-localized representations - usually physical inscriptions (see #$CharacterStringToken-Inscribed) - of #$CharacterStrings (q.v.). Textual materials are usually tangible objects (such as the examples given above), but are sometimes intangibles like patterns of light projecting words onto walls or screens. Specializations of #$TextualMaterial include #$OfficialDocument and #$NonPublishedText. Note that, while there is considerable overlap between #$TextualMaterial and #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject, these collections differ in that the latter both includes IBTs that involve no character-string representations and excludes intangibles of any sort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'text' in Wordnet: 1. (54) text, textual matter - (the words of something written; 'there were more than a thousand words of text'; 'they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech'; 'he wants to reconstruct the original text') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :LinguisticExpression_SUMO, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractText ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Textual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :TextualPCW :guid "c1266219-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "piece of writing1n", "writing2n", "written material1n" ; :wordnet "piece of writing", "writing", "written material" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PropositionalConceptualWork. Each instance of #$TextualPCW is an abstract work whose propositional content is expressed, at least in substantial part, in text. Positive examples include instances of #$Novel-CW, #$Article-CW, #$Resume, and #$RestaurantMenu. Negative examples include episodes of an instance of #$TVShow-CW. #$TextualPCWs may include non-textual components which expand on or otherwise contribute to the propositional content of the work, but the propositional content of the #$TextualPCW could, alternatively, be expressed entirely in text. COSMO note: Note that the more generic 'AbstractText' does not have to be a Propositional work, since the more generic text may not contain any propositions in it - it might be a question. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'writing' in WordNet: 2. (6) writing, written material, piece of writing - (the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect); 'the writing in her novels is excellent'; 'that editorial was a fine piece of writing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :PropositionalConceptualWork . :Texture :takesValue :Rough, :Silky, :Smooth, :Uneven, :Velvety, :Waxy ; :wnsense "texture1n" ; :wordnet "texture" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Texture'' is a subtype of ''Feel' that is perceive by moving a finger over the surface of a SolidObject, and varies depending on the 'smoothness', i.e. the spacing and size and degree of flexibility of protrusions and ridges on the surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'texture' in WordNet: 1. (13) texture - (the feel of a surface or a fabric; 'the wall had a smooth texture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :TextureType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """A metaclass to serve as a Type for Surface texture attributes of physical objects.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AppearanceType . :Thai :pertainsTo :Thailand ; :wnsense "Siamese1adj", "Tai1adj", "Thai1adj" ; :wordnet "Siamese", "Tai", "Thai" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Thai' in Wordnet: 1. Thai, Tai, Siamese - (of or relating to or characteristic of Thailand or its people; \"Siamese kings\"; \"different Thai tribes live in the north\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ThaiLanguage :wasCreatedBy :ThaiSpeakers ; :wnsense "Central Thai1n", "Siamese1n", "Thai2n" ; :wordnet "Central Thai", "Siamese", "Thai" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Thai' in WordNet: 2. Thai, Siamese, Central Thai - (a branch of the Tai languages) """ . :ThaiSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Thailand :hasISO3166_Digraph "TH" ; :wnsense "Thailand1n" ; :wordnet "Thailand" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Thailand' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Thailand, Kingdom of Thailand, Siam - (a country of southeastern Asia that extends southward along the Isthmus of Kra to the Malay peninsula; 'Thailand is the official name of the former Siam') """ . :Thalamus :guid "c0c3d0eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "thalamus1n" ; :wordnet "thalamus" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all thalami. The #$Thalamus forms the major part of a #$Diencephalon in the center of a #$Brain. All nerve signals entering the #$Cerebrum, whether sensory or from another part of the #$Brain, are relayed by the #$Thalamus. The #$Thalamus is almost split in two parts, which are connected by the 'intermediate mass', but it is normally considered a single structure instead of a pair of structures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thalamus' in WordNet: 1. thalamus - (large egg-shaped structures of grey matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :NeuralStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Thalassemia :guid "bfc54c8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Mediterranean anaemia1n", "Mediterranean anemia1n", "thalassaemia1n", "thalassemia1n" ; :wordnet "Mediterranean anaemia", "Mediterranean anemia", "thalassaemia", "thalassemia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Is most common in people living in the Mediteranean area. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thalassemia' in WordNet: 1. thalassemia, thalassaemia, Mediterranean anemia, Mediterranean anaemia - (an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of hemoglobin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anemia . :Thallium :guid "c0fceba4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "81"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Tl1n", "thallium1n" ; :wordnet "Tl", "thallium" ; a :ElementType, :MalleableThingType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The element Thallium, atomic number 81. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thallium' in WordNet: 1. thallium, Tl, atomic number 81 - (a soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :ToxicSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :ThamesRiver :flowsInto :EnglishChannel ; :guid "bd58876f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The #$ThamesRiver, a principal river of #$England the flows eastward through the #$CityOfLondonEngland and empties into the #$EnglishChannel.""" . :Thanking :en "thanking" ; :ldoce "thank" ; :wnsense "thank1v" ; :wordnet "thank" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Thanking'' is an ''AcknowledgingAnAction'' in response to some (usually) recent Action that benefitted or is believed to benefit the Person doing the ''Thanking''., It is a direct linguistic expression of ''Thanks'' to some IntelligentAgent for some benefit received. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thank' in WordNet: 1. (17) thank, give thanks - (express gratitude or show appreciation to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acknowledging, :Rendering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Benefiting :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Thanks ] . :Thanks :wnsense "thanks1n" ; :wordnet "thanks" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An assertion (a direct linguistic expression) that the Agent making the statement has taken note of and is grateful for some Action of the addressee that benefited the Agent.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thanks' in WordNet: 1. (7) thanks - (an acknowledgment of appreciation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acknowledgment . :Thanksgiving :guid "bd58a97d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Thanksgiving Day1n", "Thanksgiving1n" ; :wordnet "Thanksgiving", "Thanksgiving Day" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Thanksgiving'' CYC: 'ThanksgivingHoliday-US': The American holiday which falls on the fourth Thursday of November, traditionally celebrated with a big turkey feast. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Thanksgiving' in WordNet: 1. (2) Thanksgiving, Thanksgiving Day - (fourth Thursday in November in the United States; second Monday in October in Canada; commemorates a feast held in 1621 by the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day, :MoveableHoliday . :Thawing :wnsense "thaw1v", "thawing1n" ; :wordnet "thaw", "thawing" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specifically for the melting of water ice, naturally or by action of some agent. In the cse where an agent thaws a frozen food object the ''Water'' produced (mostly) stay inside the food object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thaw' in WordNet: 1. (1) thaw, melt, thawing, melting - (the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid; 'the power failure caused a refrigerator melt that was a disaster'; 'the thawing of a frozen turkey takes several hours') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Melting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ice ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :The1800s a :Century ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'Century'(a location on the real time line) that began midnight Jan 1, 1000 and ended midnight Dec 31, 1899. Same as 'twentieth century'. NOTE that we adopt the '00' year as the beginning of the century, the more popular usage. """ ; rdfs:label "19th Century", "Nineteenth Century" . :The1900s a :Century ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'Century'(a location on the real time line) that began midnight Jan 1, 1900 and ended midnight Dec 31, 1999. Same as 'twentieth century'. NOTE that we adopt the '00' year as the beginning of the century, the more popular usage. NOTE: WordNet uses '1900s' as a Decade, not a Century. """ ; rdfs:label "20th Century", "Twentieth Century" . :The1920s :en "the twenties" ; :wnsense "1920s1n" ; :wordnet "1920s" ; a :Decade ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeInterval' lasting one decade Corresponds to noun sense 1 of '1920s' in WordNet: 1. twenties, 1920s - (the decade from 1920 to 1929) """ . :The1992US_PresidentialElection :hasDirectObject :WilliamJeffersonClinton ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :ElectionOfaUSPresident ; :hasResult :WilliamJeffersonClinton ; :hasSubEvent :ClintonIsElectedPresidentIn1992, :ClintonRunningForPresident, :VotingByPatCassidy ; :hasTopic :WilliamJeffersonClinton ; :wasPerformedByAgent :CitizenryOfTheUSA ; a :ElectionOfaUSPresident ; rdfs:comment """An instance of Election (political). USA, November 1992. @ToDo: Results need to be more detailed. NOTE 'fillsTheRoleOf'(instance of Role) and 'isEmployedBy' (Employee) required. Necessary? """ . :The911Attackers :hasCardinalityNumber "19"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasMassInGrams "1120000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Dead ; :wasTheAgentInAction :WorldTradeCenterAttack20010911 ; a :BadGuy, :GroupOfPeople ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that the The911Attackers were Alive at the time of the attack, but afterward were Dead. This illustrates the need for specifying time intervals. This can be done with TimeSlice, but that level of detail has not been added here.""" . :The911FirstResponders :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :TheArtOfCeramics :wnsense "ceramics1n" ; :wordnet "ceramics" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TheArtOfCeramics' is the 'Art' (FieldOfStudy) which deals with the creation of ''CeramicObject''s like pottery. This is a FieldOfStudy, not the Action of actually making ''CeramicObject''s (including ''PotteryObject''s). NOTE: many ''CeramicObject''s can be made with practical uses, and the studies of how to make these objects are included in this ''FieldOfStudy'', as well as the more artistic creativity used in making ''PotteryObject''s. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'ceramics' in WordNet: 1. ceramics - (the art of making and decorating pottery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Art . :TheArtOfMusic :ldoce "music" ; :wnsense "music1n" ; :wordnet "music" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TheArtOfMusic' is the 'Art' (FieldOfStudy) of which creating MusicalComposition is the central topic. When one studies 'music' this is what one studies. This type corresponds to sense 3 of 'music' in RHW: 3. a field, genre, or category of art: Dance is an art. In WordNet sense 1 of Music is classified as a 'communication'; this appears to be the closest sense to this COSMO type: in WordNet: 1. (51) music - (an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Art . :TheArtOfPainting :ldoce "painting" ; :wnsense "painting2n" ; :wordnet "painting" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TheArtOfPainting' is the 'Art' (FieldOfStudy) of which creating two-dimensional images by applying paint to a surface is the main topic. When one studies 'painting' this is what one studies. This type is closest to sense 2 of 'painting' in Wordnet: 2. (9) painting - (creating a picture with paints; 'he studied painting and sculpture for many years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Art . :TheBalticSea :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy :BalticStates ; :occupiesTheRegion :BalticSeaRegion ; :wnsense "Baltic Sea1n", "Baltic1n" ; :wordnet "Baltic", "Baltic Sea" ; a :Sea ; rdfs:comment """''TheBalticSea'' is the ''Sea'' surrounded on three sides by the countries: Latvia; Lithuania; Estonia; Finland; and Sweden. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Baltic Sea' in WordNet: 1. Baltic, Baltic Sea - (a sea in northern Europe; stronghold of the Russian navy) """ . :TheBeatles :hasMassInGrams "250000"^^xsd:float ; :hasMember :JohnLennon ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Famous ; a :RockMusicGroup ; rdfs:comment "The famous British 'RockMusicGroup' of the 1960's and 1970's." . :TheBest :isMoreIntenseThan :Better, :Outstanding ; :isTheOppositeOf :TheWorst ; :ldoce "best" ; :wnsense "best1adj", "best2adj" ; :wordnet "best" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The highest degree of Goodness or quality. If something is Complete as well as being TheBest, it will have the attribute 'Perfect'. This implies that something can be TheBest in quality while still being less than Complete - one can be TheBest of some group of things, but lack something that would improve its desirability. See also English word: 'ENG_best' for a related sense, the superlative of 'good' represented as a word. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'best' in WordNet: 1. (95) best - ((superlative of 'good') having the most positive qualities; 'the best film of the year'; the best solution; 'the best time for planting'; 'wore his best suit') 2. better, best - ((comparative and superlative of 'well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable; 'it would be better to speak to him'; 'the White House thought it best not to respond') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue, :Salient . :TheBigRedOne :hasRoleFiller :TheBigRedOne ; :isaSubOrganizationOf :TheUnitedStatesArmy ; a :ArmyDivision ; rdfs:comment """The 1st Infantry Division of the United States Army (nicknamed The Big Red One after its shoulder patch, and The Fighting First) is the oldest division in the United States Army. It has seen continuous service since its organization in 1917.[2] This requires a RoleFiller because it is a LegalAgent. """ . :TheBigTime :en "big-time", "the big time" ; :enn "big-time", "the big time" ; :wnsense "big time1n" ; :wordnet "big time" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TheBigTime'' is a high degree of ''SocialSuccess'', in the top one percent of those recognized in some field, especially in entertainment. \" she hit the big time with her performance in 'StarSearch'\" RHW 'big time': 1. Informal. the highest or most important level in any profession or occupation: She's a talented violinist, but she's not ready for the big time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'big time' in WordNet: 1. big time - (the highest level of an occupation (especially in entertainment)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialSuccess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SocialSuccess ; owl:onProperty :isaHigherLevelOf ] . :TheBirthOfBeethoven :hadEmittedThing :BabyBeethoven ; :hadMother :BeethovensMother ; :hadNewborn :BabyBeethoven ; :hasStartingPlace :BeethovensMother ; :produced :LudwigVanBeethoven ; :wasPerformedByAgent :BeethovensMother ; a :BirthEvent . :TheBlind :wnsense "blind1n" ; :wordnet "blind" ; a :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TheBlind'' is a collective term for the ''GroupOfPeople'' including all ''BlindPerson''s, or some subgroup of them. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'blind' in WordNet: 1. (5) blind - (people who have severe visual impairments, considered as a group; 'he spent hours reading to the blind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :BlindPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TheBookOfKells :hasMassInGrams "1500"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :TheOldLibraryAtTrinityCollege ; :isOwnedBy :UniversityOfDublin ; :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf :TheBookOfKells-Abstract, :TheFourGospels ; a :Book-Physical ; rdfs:comment """The Book of Kells A famous illuminated ancient book, usually exhibited at the Trinity College library in Dublin, Ireland. See: http://www.tcd.ie/info/trinity/bookofkells/ The Book of Kells is not simply a religious manuscript. True, it contains the four gospels of Mark, Matthew, Luke and John and that was the sole original purpose of the book. But its age and its design, although damaged, allow us a glorious glimpse into the art and style of ancient Ireland. The book is, quite simply, considered a crowning glory of the Celtic art form, and possibly one of the most important treasures of Western Europe. The history of the Book of Kells stretches back more than 1500 years to the 6th century AD. Some claim that none other than St. Columba himself had a hand in its production, but most ascribe it to others that followed in his footsteps. The book was the work of at least two distinguishable hands according to experts who place its origin slightly later than the life of St. Columba. Experts are uncertain where the Book of Kells was first begun, but evidence points to the Isle of Iona, which was the center of St. Columba's influence and the home of his church. Later, during the Viking raids of the 9th century, it was moved for its protection to Kells Monastery, County Meath, Ireland. Here it remained for almost two hundred years, until it was stolen in 1007. Its golden cover, which was probably encrusted with gems, was ripped from the book, and the remainder was thrown in a ditch. The book was soon recovered, but not before it received some water damage to the front and back pages. Unfortunately, its cover was forever lost. """ . :TheBookOfKells-Abstract :containsSymbolicObject :MadonnaAndChildVol7 ; :hasPhysicalRepresentation :TheBookOfKells ; a :Book-Abstract . :TheBritish :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "British people1n", "British1n", "Brits1n" ; :wordnet "British", "British people", "Brits" ; a :GroupOfPeople ; rdfs:comment """The British people as a Group. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'British' in WordNet: 1. (3) British, British people, Brits - (the people of Great Britain) """ . :TheCaribbeanSea :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :CaribbeanArea ; :wnsense "Caribbean Sea1n", "Caribbean1n" ; :wordnet "Caribbean", "Caribbean Sea" ; a :Sea ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Caribbean Sea' in WordNet: 1. (1) Caribbean, Caribbean Sea - (an arm of the Atlantic Ocean between North and South America; the origin of the Gulf stream) """ . :TheDiaspora :wnsense "Diaspora2n" ; :wordnet "Diaspora" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TheDiaspora'' the historical ''Event'' in which the Israelites were driven from Palestine. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Diaspora' in WordNet: 2. Diaspora - (the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel; from the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in 587-86 BC when they were exiled to Babylonia up to the present time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfResidence, :ScatteringObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jews ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Diaspora ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :TheDownstairs :en "downstairs" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TheDownstairs' is a location relative to some other location; in linguistic phrases, the reference location is, usually the location of the speaker. RHW: noun sense 4: '(used with a sing. v.) the lower floor or floors of a building: The downstairs is being painted.' 'downstairs' itself has no noun sense in Wordnet. It is an adjective or adverb. WN adj: 1. downstairs, downstair - (on or of lower floors of a building; 'the downstairs (or downstair) phone') WN adv: 1. (6) downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor, below - (on a floor below; 'the tenants live downstairs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndoorLocation, :RelativeLocation . :TheEasternWorld :hasComponentElement :Afghanistan, :China, :India, :Japan, :Pakistan, :Uzbekistan ; :ldoce "east" ; :wnsense "East1n", "Orient1n" ; :wordnet "East", "Orient" ; a :GroupOfNations ; rdfs:comment """The 'TheEasternWorld' is the GroupOfNations that includes all the countries of Asia. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'East' (capitalized) and sense 1 of Orient (capitalized)in WordNet: 2. (4) East, Orient - (the countries of Asia) """ . :TheElite :en "the elite" ; :wnsense "elite1n" ; :wordnet "elite" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TheElite'' is the GroupOfPeople consisting of those who have high rank or status in society, as contrasted with ''TheMasses''. Those people who are not among ''TheMasses''. Usually referred to as 'the elite' The membership is vague and fluid, depending on time and country - a ''MemberOfTheRoyalty'' is always a member of this type, as are very wealthy people, but some categories of people may be neither among 'TheElite'' or ''TheMasses''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'elite' in WordNet: 1. (6) elite, elite group - (a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :TheFilesOnPatsComputer a :AbstractDigitalObject . :TheFourGospels :hasPhysicalRepresentation :TheBookOfKells ; :isSacredTo :Christianity ; a :AbstractText, :Book-Abstract, :Scripture . :TheFrontLeftWheelOfTheLimousineInWhichKennedyWasShot :hasMassInGrams "1.5E4"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :HenryFordMuseum ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :TheLimousineInWhichKennedyWasShot ; a :FrontLeftWheel ; rdfs:comment """This Wheel is a part, and as such is also an instance of 'Role'. The starting and ending times should be specified for this instance.""" . :TheGoldenSpike :consistsMostlyOfSubstance :Gold ; :hasColor :GoldColored ; :hasMassInGrams "436"^^xsd:float ; :isInsideOf :StateOfCalifornia ; :isOwnedBy :StanfordUniversity ; :wasCreatedDuring :Year1869AD ; a :Spike ; rdfs:comment """This is the 'Golden Spike', the railroad spike that was driven into the railroad tie holding the last rail of the transcontinental railroad. Weighed about a pound. The location data are current as of November 24, 2017. The golden spike (also known as The Last Spike) is the ceremonial final spike driven by Leland Stanford to join the rails of the First Transcontinental Railroad across the United States connecting the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. The golden spike was made of 17.6-karat (73%) copper-alloyed gold, and weighed 14.03 troy ounces (436 g). It was dropped into a pre-drilled hole in the laurel ceremonial last tie, and gently tapped into place with a silver ceremonial spike maul. The spike was engraved on all four sides: For more see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_spike The original 'golden spike', is on display at the Cantor Arts Museum at Stanford University """ . :TheGreatFlood :hadAgentHarmed :Mankind ; :hadObjectModified :Earth ; :hasDuration :FortyDays ; :hasEndingPlace :Earth ; :hasStartingPlace :EarthsAtmosphere ; :hasThingPassedThrough :GeographicalRegion ; :isUndesirableTo :Mankind ; :wasPerformedByAgent :GodTheCreator ; :wnsense "Noachian deluge1n", "Noah and the Flood1n", "Noah's flood1n", "the Flood1n" ; :wordnet "Noachian deluge", "Noah and the Flood", "Noah's flood", "the Flood" ; a :Flooding ; rdfs:comment """The biblical 'Flood' of Noah and his Ark. The rainfall lasted forty days and forty nights. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Noah's flood' in WordNet: 1. Noah's flood, Noachian deluge, Noah and the Flood, the Flood - ((Biblical) the great deluge that is said in the Book of Genesis to have occurred in the time of Noah; it was brought by God upon the earth because of the wickedness of human beings) """ . :TheInternetPathSystem :containsObjects :VerizonDomainServers ; :hasDesignFunction :EnablingTelecommunication ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ComputerNetworkPathSystem ; rdfs:comment """TheInternetPathSystem is the path system that connects computers of the internet. This is a PhysicalObject, and is part of the ''Internet' which includes the servers and routers and software that enable internet communication. """ . :TheLastMinute :wnsense "eleventh hour1n", "last minute1n" ; :wordnet "eleventh hour", "last minute" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TheLastMinute'' is a ''TimeInterval'' that ''precedes'' (comes immediately before) some ''Deadline''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'last minute' in WordNet: 1. eleventh hour, last minute - (the latest possible moment; 'money became available at the eleventh hour'; 'at the last minute the government changed the rules') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deadline ; owl:onProperty :precedes ] . :TheLeftBankOfTheSeine :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isAdjacentTo :SeineRiver ; a :RiverBank . :TheLimousineInWhichKennedyWasShot :hasMassInGrams "2E6"^^xsd:float ; :hasPhysicalPart :TheFrontLeftWheelOfTheLimousineInWhichKennedyWasShot ; :isLocatedAt :DearbornMichigan, :HenryFordMuseumInDearbornMichigan ; :isOwnedBy :HenryFordMuseum ; a :Automobile ; rdfs:comment """The stretch Lincoln Continental limousine, built by the Ford Motor Company. It was the car in which President John F. Kennedy was riding when he was shot and killed by an assassin. The car is usually displayed in the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.""" . :TheLouvre a :MuseumOrganization . :TheMasses :wnsense "common people1n", "folk1n", "folks2n", "hoi polloi1n", "mass6n", "masses1n", "multitude3n", "people3n", "the great unwashed1n" ; :wordnet "common people", "folk", "folks", "hoi polloi", "mass", "masses", "multitude", "people", "the great unwashed" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TheMasses'' is the GroupOfPeople consisting of those who are not among ''TheElite''. Referred to as the 'masses' because they are much more populous than ''TheElite''. This may be applied to any group of common people in any region. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'masses' and sense 1 of 'common people' in WordNet: 1. (3) multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, people, the great unwashed - (the common people generally; 'separate the warriors from the mass'; 'power to the people') WN 'common people': 1. folk, folks, common people - (people in general (often used in the plural); 'they're just country folk'; 'folks around here drink moonshine'; 'the common people determine the group character and preserve its customs from one generation to the next') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CommonMan ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TheMob :en "la cosa nostra", "the mob" ; :enn "la cosa nostra", "the mob" ; :wnsense "Cosa Nostra1n", "Mafia1n", "gangdom1n", "gangland1n", "organized crime1n" ; :wordnet "Cosa Nostra", "Mafia", "gangdom", "gangland", "organized crime" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The whole collection of all and any ''Gang''s organized to perform criminal activities. This covers all gangs specifically organized to perform crimes as associated Groups, but 'The Mob' and 'The Mafia' and 'Organized Crime' usually refer to larger and more organized criminal ''Gang''s. Subtypes can be created as needed.. The subtypes mentioned in WordNet are: :: yakuza - (organized crime in Japan; an alliance of criminal organizations and illegal enterprises) :: Mafia, Maffia, Sicilian Mafia - (a secret terrorist group in Sicily; originally opposed tyranny but evolved into a criminal organization in the middle of the 19th century) :: Black Hand - (a secret terrorist society in the United States early in the 20th century) :: Camorra - (a secret society in Naples notorious for violence and blackmail) :: syndicate, crime syndicate, mob, family - (a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities) also WN 'Mafia': 1. Mafia, Maffia, Cosa Nostra - (a crime syndicate in the United States; organized in families; believed to have important relations to the Sicilian Mafia) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'organized crime' in WordNet: 1. organized crime, gangland, gangdom - (underworld organizations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TheSyndicate . :TheMoment :ldoce "moment" ; :wnsense "instant2n", "moment1n" ; :wordnet "instant", "moment" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TimePoint specified by referring to some Event or part of an Event. 'at the moment it began he was . . .' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'moment' and sense 2 of 'instant' in WordNet: 1. (86) moment, minute, second, instant - (a particular point in time; 'the moment he arrived the party began') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moment, :TimePointOfReference . :TheMonaLisa :en "The Mona Lisa" ; :isOwnedBy :TheLouvre ; :isTypicallyLocatedAt :TheLouvre ; :wasCreatedBy :LeonardoDaVinci ; a :Painting ; rdfs:comment """This is the Famous Portrait by daVinci titled 'La Giaonda' but popularly called 'The Mona Lisa'. Usually Located at the Louvre Museumn Paris. Wikipedia: The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as \" the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world. \" Date completed: 1517 Artist: Leonardo da Vinci Subject: Lisa del Giocondo """ . :TheMost a :ComparativeMagnitude ; rdfs:comment """'TheMost' is used in an instance of 'AttributeComparison' to assert that the attribute being compared for the first ('subject') of two or more entities being compared is of the greatest magnitude among all of the entities in a Group of entities; the Group being compared is the second ('object') entity, pointed to by the relation 'hasObjectOfComparison'. This is equivalent to using a superlative attribute to compare two entities (longest, shortest highest, hottest, coldest, reddest, newest, oldest, strangest, greenest, heaviest, darkest), the interpretation depends on the attribute value specified by the relation 'hasAttributeOfComparison'. This can be used with count nouns to indicate that one Group has the highest cardinality value among some specifiec Groups ('this year's meeting had the largest number of attenddess of all meetings thus far'). see: ''hasSuperlativeAttribute'' NOTE: that 'TheMost' has a different meaning from 'most'; 'most' refers to a majority of countable entities, whereas 'TheMost' is used in a Comparison to specify a superlative intensity of some AttributeValue for one member of a Group relative to others. """ . :TheNeedy :en "the needy" ; :enn "the needy" ; :wnsense "needy1n" ; :wordnet "needy" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TheNeedy'' is the collective type for all of the people who are ''Impoverished'' in some Group, Place, or Context. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'needy' in WordNet: 1. needy - (needy people collectively; 'they try to help the needy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PoorPerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TheNewOrleansFloodOf2005 :caused :Death ; :convincedAgentToAction :NewOrleansFloodRelief2005 ; :hadAgentHarmed :CitizenryOfTheNewOrleans ; :hadChangedEntity :NewOrleans ; :hadObjectModified :NewOrleansObject ; :hadThingAffected :NewOrleansObject ; :hasEndingPlace :NewOrleans ; :hasEndingTimePoint :Date20050913 ; :hasStartingPlace :MississippiRiver ; :hasStartingTimePoint :Date20050829 ; :hasThingPassedThrough :NewOrleans ; :isUndesirableTo :CitizenryOfTheNewOrleans, :CitizenryOfTheUSA ; :occurredAt :NewOrleans ; :wasPerformedByAgent :MississippiRiver ; :worsens :NewOrleansObject ; a :Flooding, :HarmingAnAgent ; rdfs:comment """The 'start' and 'end' times are approximate not well defined; flooding receded gradually as the levees were rebuilt. """ . :TheNewWorld :en "The New World" ; :wasFoundInAction :ColumbusDiscoveringAmerica ; a :Continent, :DiscoveredThing . :TheNewYorkYankees a :Organization . :TheNorthPole :ldoce "pole" ; a :WGS84Pole ; rdfs:comment """Earth's North Pole according to the WGS84 datum. """ . :TheOccult :isPerformedBy :SupernaturalBeing ; :wnsense "occult1n" ; :wordnet "occult" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TheOccult' is a collective term for events that violate the laws of physics ('MagicAction') and agents 'SupernaturalBeing') that can do such things. In COSMO this type represents Actions and agents that truly violate the laws of physics. For the illusionist form of 'magic' use 'MagicTrick'. This is classified as an Action (Group of Actions), with the understanding that those Actions have 'SupernaturalBeing's as their agents Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'occult' in WordNet: 1. supernatural, occult - (supernatural forces and events and beings collectively; 'She doesn't believe in the supernatural') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SupernaturalBeing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MagicAction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Magical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MagicalPerson ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ] . :TheOldLibraryAtTrinityCollege :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :TrinityCollegeCampus ; :isOwnedBy :UniversityOfDublin ; :isaPartOf :TrinityCollegeCampus ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :TrinityCollegeCampus ; a :Building ; rdfs:comment """A specific library building on the campus of Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland. Known as the resting place of the 9th-century Book of Kells.""" . :TheOrient :wnsense "East1n", "Orient1n" ; :wordnet "East", "Orient" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TheOrient'' is the ''GroupOfCountries'' in Asia, especially those in eastern Asia. western Asia usually is not referred to in this Group; southwest Asia is more commonly referred to as the 'Middle East' (an instance of ''GeographcalRegion''). The 'far east' would be a Geographical Region. RHW 'Orient': 1.a. the countries of Asia, esp. East Asia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Orient' in WordNet: 1. (1) East, Orient - (the countries of Asia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfCountries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asia ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :ThePast :ldoce "past" ; :wnsense "past1n" ; :wordnet "past" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ThePast' is the TimeInterval that extends from 'Now' to the 'BeginningOfTime'. The value for 'Now' has to be assigned depending on the time of an Assertion, or the reference time for which an assertion about ThePast is made. In SUMO this is represented by a function 'PastFn_TimePosition'. SUMO: A UnaryFunction that maps a TimePosition to the TimeInterval that meets it and that begins at BeginningOfTime. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'past' in WordNet: 1. (44) past, past times, yesteryear, yore - (the time that has elapsed; 'forget the past') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Past ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Now ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingTimePoint ] . :ThePentagon :hasShape :Pentagon ; :isControlledBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :isOwnedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :isTheLocationOf :DepartmentOfDefense ; :wnsense "Pentagon1n" ; :wordnet "Pentagon" ; a :GovernmentalBuilding ; rdfs:comment """ ''ThePentagon'' is the building at which the US ''DepartmentOfDefense'' has its headquarters, across the river from Washington DC. It gets its name from its pentagonal shape (as viewed from above). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Pentagon' in WordNet: 1. (2) Pentagon - (a government building with five sides that serves as the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense) """ . :ThePerformingArtsCenterInNewarkNJ :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :StateOfNewJersey ; a :TheaterBuilding ; rdfs:comment """An instance of Theater Building, opened in 1997, in Newark, NJ, USA, to hold live performances, musical or other. Its formal name is the 'New Jersey Performing Arts Center', informally NJPAC. From : http://www.newarkmetro.rutgers.edu/reports/display.php?id=126 ''The New Jersey Performing Arts Center By Lovet Obakpolor Newark's commitment to the arts is reflected in the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, the city's largest cultural center. This 12-acre site, on the Newark riverfront between Military Park and McCarter Highway, offers an intimate 514-seat theater and a 2,750-seat hall where international celebrities and New Jersey's finest performers shine. NJPAC has gained national attention, serving as a model for its programming, audience, diversity and education leadership. It has also played an integral role in returning nightlife to the state's largest city. NJPAC provides a certain uniqueness that no other performing arts center has offered. Diversity of its audience members and performers is evident at the center. One in four of all ticketholders represents minority communities, including 17 percent African American. NJPAC thrives as a different kind of cultural center that integrates both traditional and nontraditional audiences.'' . . . ''After a decade of planning and a $187 million capital campaign, NJPAC held its world premiere on Oct. 18, 1997. It debuted to great fanfare and acclaim. Since then, residents of New Jersey and people from all over the world continue to visit the performing arts center. In its first season, 500,000 patrons visited NJPAC. Former President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore visited NJPAC. Former New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman held her inauguration at NJPAC, the first gubernatorial inauguration to be held outside of Trenton since 1932.''""" . :ThePopeIsGodsRepresentative :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_The_Pope_is_Gods_representative ; :hasTopic :ENG_The_Pope_is_Gods_representative ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :ThePopeIsNotGodsRepresentative :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_The_Pope_is_not_Gods_representative ; :hasTopic :ENG_The_Pope_is_not_Gods_representative ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :ThePresent :ldoce "present" ; :wnsense "present1n" ; :wordnet "present" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ThePresent' is an unspecified interval of time from the recent past up to the current Moment, and usually including some small part of the future. This is used mostly to distinguish what has changed since some time in the past, or differs from what is likely in the future. For a TimeInterval that extends back from ''Now'' to a more distant past but still not more than a century ago, use ''Nowadays''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'present' ('nowadays' goes further back in time) in WordNet: 1. (17) present, nowadays - (the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech; 'that is enough for the present'; 'he lives in the present with no thought of tomorrow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval . :ThePress :ldoce "press" ; :wnsense "press1n" ; :wordnet "press" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The entire Group of people who devote most of their working time to writing, editing, or taking photographs for publication in a newspaper or magazine. There are distinguishable subgroups, (such as 'the New York press') but every subgroup must have a least one Journalist to be called 'ThePress'. This is for print media and does not include bloggers (see 'Blog'). @ToDo: what are the qualifications for getting a press badge to cross police lines? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'press' in WordNet: 1. (10) press, fourth estate - (newspaper writers and photographers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ; owl:someValuesFrom :Journalist ] . :ThePublic :ldoce "public" ; :wnsense "populace1n", "public1n", "world7n" ; :wordnet "populace", "public", "world" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'GroupOfPeople', being the general public (all or most of the people) in some specific context. This is a class, not an instance because the membership of this group varies with context and time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'public' in WordNet: 1. (35) populace, public, world - (people in general considered as a whole; 'he is a hero in the eyes of the public') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :TheRedSoxPitcher :hasMassInGrams "85E3"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; :wasTheAgentInAction :TheSeventhGameOfThe2004WorldSeriesALPlayoff ; a :HumanRole . :TheRedSoxPlaying :wasPerformedByAgent :RedSox ; a :Competing . :TheSame :en "equal", "equally" ; a :ComparativeMagnitude ; rdfs:comment """'TheSame' is used in an instance of 'AttributeComparison' to assert that the attribute being compared for the first ('subject') of two entities being compared is of the same magnitude as the commensurate magnitude of the second ('object') entity. This is equivalent to either asserting that some attribute is 'the same' for two entities (X is just as tall as Y'), or using a phrase negating the difference 'there is no difference in the temperature of X and Y'. """ . :TheSeventhGameOfThe2004WorldSeriesALPlayoff :hasSubEvent :TheRedSoxPlaying ; :isAnExecutionOf :Baseball ; :occurredAt :NewYorkCityNY_USA ; :wasPerformedByAgent :TheRedSoxPitcher, :TheYankeesPitcher ; a :BaseballGame, :Competition, :SportsEvent . :TheShipsOfTheFleet a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """TheShipsOfTheFleet is the group of ships that compose a Fleet. In distinguishing a Fleet as an Organization from the ships that compose the Fleet, this Type allows reference to the ships as a group of physical objects (with a collective location and mass). We assume that every Fleet has more than one ship (if it has any ships at all), so TheShipsOfTheFleet is a PluralThing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfVessels, :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ModernNavalShip ] . :TheSouthPole :ldoce "pole" ; a :WGS84Pole ; rdfs:comment """Earth's South Pole according to the WGS84 datum. """ . :TheStarSpangledBanner :hasQualitativeAttribute :French ; :hasTopic :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :wasCreatedBy :FrancisScottKey ; :wnsense "The Star-Spangled Banner1n" ; :wordnet "The Star-Spangled Banner" ; a :NationalAnthem . :TheStraitOfHormuz :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion, :TheStraitOfHormuz ; :servesAsaPathFor :Watercraft ; a :BodyOfWater, :Strait-Waterway ; rdfs:comment """Note that certain bodies of water, such as Straits and Canals, are Paths that are located, in addition to other places, at themselves- because of the restriction that a water path must be located at a BodyOfWater.""" . :TheSyndicate :wnsense "crime syndicate1n", "family8n", "mob2n", "syndicate1n" ; :wordnet "crime syndicate", "family", "mob", "syndicate" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A an ''Organization'' coordinating the ativities of large Group of ''CriminalGang''s that form component Groups of People participating, coordinating activities to some extent. This a a Borderline example of an ''Organization'' that has rules, but not necessarily a written document descriing the rules. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'syndicate' in WordNet: 1. (1) syndicate, crime syndicate, mob, family - (a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Syndicate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CriminalGang ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasAssociatedGroupType ] . :TheTires :en "the tires", "tires" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TheTires'' is the Group cosisting of all of the ''Tire''s on some ''RoadVehicle''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingWheel ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :RoadVehicle ] . :TheTitanic :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :UnknownAgent1 ; a :PassengerLiner ; rdfs:comment """The Titanic was owned by the WhiteStarLine but representing an Organization takes too much effort for this test. Using generic UnknownAgent1. """ . :TheTransAlaskaPipeline :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :AlyeskaPipelineServiceCompany ; :servesAsaPathFor :AlaskaPipelineOil, :Petroleum ; a :Pipeline, :Tube ; rdfs:comment """The pipeline which carries oil from Alaska's North Slope to Valdez. The 800-mile trans-Alaska pipeline is owned by five energy companies, with BP holding the largest stake at 47 percent. The other companies are Exxon Mobil, Conoco Phillips, Chevron and Koch Industries. The trans-Alaska pipeline carries oil 800 miles from Prudhoe Bay on the Arctic Ocean to the pipeline terminus at Port Valdez. Begun in March 1975 and completed in 1977, pipeline construction employed some 30,000 workers at its peak and was the largest and most expensive privately funded construction project ever undertaken. The first tanker load of oil shipped out of Valdez on Aug. 1, 1977. Today, the pipeline is owned and operated by Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, a consortium of oil companies that includes BP, Phillips, Exxon/Mobil, Unocal, Williams and Amerada Hess.""" . :TheTypical :ldoce "typical" ; :wnsense "typical1adj", "typical3adj" ; :wordnet "typical" ; a :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'TheTypical' is a LogicalFunction that takes a type of entity as an argument, and returns a hypothetical entity that is an instance of that type that has specified features that are most common (mean, median, or withing the middle 50th percentile) within that type. For example one may want to say that 'the typical adult person has two legs'. In KIF this would be: (hasExactlyTwo (TheTypical HumanAdult) Leg)) See also the attribute value 'Typical'. Includes senses 1 and 3 of adjective 'typical' in Wordnet: 1. (27) typical - (exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or category; 'a typical American girl'; 'a typical suburban community'; 'the typical car owner drives 10,000 miles a year'; 'a painting typical of the Impressionist school'; 'a typical romantic poem'; 'a typical case of arteritis') 3. typical - (conforming to a type; the typical (or normal) American'; 'typical teenage behavior') """ . :TheUnemployed :en "the unemployed" ; :enn "the unemployed" ; :wnsense "unemployed people1n", "unemployed1n" ; :wordnet "unemployed", "unemployed people" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unemployed' in WordNet: 1. unemployed people, unemployed - (people who are involuntarily out of work (considered as a group); 'the long-term unemployed need assistance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople . :TheUnitedNations :hasComponentElement :France, :Germany, :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :GroupOfNations . :TheUnitedStatesArea :isSpatiallyDisjointWith :UnitedKingdomArea ; a :CountryRegion ; rdfs:comment """The physical area of the United States of America, including the regions containing everything in it.""" . :TheUnitedStatesArmy :hasRoleFiller :TheUnitedStatesArmy ; a :Army ; rdfs:comment """The part of the United States military called 'The United States Army'.""" . :TheWesternWorld :hasComponentElement :Brazil, :Canada, :Germany, :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :ldoce "west" ; :wnsense "West1n" ; :wordnet "West" ; a :GroupOfNations ; rdfs:comment """The 'TheWesternWorld' is the GroupOfNations that includes all countries of Europe, NorthAmerica and SouthAmerica. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'West' (capitalized) in WordNet: 1. (19) West, Occident - (the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America) """ . :TheWhiteHouse :isOwnedBy :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :OfficialResidence . :TheWildWest :en "The Wild West" ; :enn "The Wild West" ; :wasaPartOf :WesternUnitedStatesRegion ; :wnsense "Wild West1n" ; :wordnet "Wild West" ; a :Region ; rdfs:comment """Frontier period extended approximately from 1840 to 2000. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Wild West' in WordNet: 1. Wild West - (the western United States during its frontier period) """ . :TheWorkingField :en "the field", "the working field" ; :enn "the field", "the working field" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TheWorkingField'' is a ''WorkingLocation'' that is a ''DistantLocation'' that is ''Distant'' from a Person's 'home base',the ''Workplace'' where the office or laboratory or other main place of work and the Person's work records are located. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DistantLocation, :WorkingLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Distant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Workplace ; owl:onProperty :isOutsideOf ] . :TheWorldwideTelephoneSystem :containsObjects :PatsHomeTelephones ; :hasDesignFunction :EnablingTelecommunication ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :UnknownAgent2 ; a :TelephonePathSystem ; rdfs:comment """TheWorldwideTelephoneSystem is the system that contains all connected telephones reachable from any of the billions of telephones in the world. A local telephone system not connected to the public system would not be part of this individual system.""" . :TheWorst :en "the worst" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Execrable ; :isTheOppositeOf :TheBest ; :wnsense "worst1adj" ; :wordnet "worst" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The lowest degree of Goodness. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worst' in WordNet: 1. (9) worst - ((superlative of 'bad') most wanting in quality or value or condition; 'the worst player on the team'; 'the worst weather of the year') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodnessValue, :Salient . :TheWreckOfTheTitanic :isLocatedAt :BottomOfTheAtlantic ; :isOwnedBy :UnknownAgent1 ; :wasaPhysicalPartOf :TheTitanic ; a :Shipwreck . :TheYankeesPitcher :hasMassInGrams "85E3"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; :wasTheAgentInAction :TheSeventhGameOfThe2004WorldSeriesALPlayoff ; a :HumanRole . :Theater :ldoce "theater" ; :wnsense "theater1n" ; :wordnet "theater" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Theater is the generic concept of either a building or part of a building whose primary or salient function is to provide a place for small groups of people to present visual or sound performances (live, or recorded as in a movie theater) to an audience. There is no limit on the size, except that it must be large enough to hold an audience of more than two people; as with other artifacts,the criterion for being a Theater depends only on the purpose for which the artifact was created (or modified or adapted). NOTE: for ''Building'' constructed or modified to serve as a ''Theater'', use subtype ''TheaterBuilding'' Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'theater' in WordNet: 1. (7) theater, theatre, house - (a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented; 'the house was full') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :Role, :SeatedAssemblyConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EntertainmentPerformance ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :TheaterBuilding :ldoce "theater" ; :wnsense "house5n", "theater1n", "theatre1n" ; :wordnet "house", "theater", "theatre" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Building that was created (or modified or adapted) to serve as a ''Theater'' (to present performances) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theater' in WordNet: 1. (7) theater, theatre, house - (a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented; 'the house was full') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :Theater . :TheaterGallery :wnsense "gallery6n" ; :wordnet "gallery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'gallery' in WordNet: 6. gallery - (narrow recessed balcony area along an upper floor on the interior of a building; usually marked by a colonnade) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Balcony, :Gallery, :Tier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Theater ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Theatrical :pertainsTo :DramaticPerformance, :EntertainmentPerformance, :PerformingArtActivity, :Theater ; :wnsense "theatrical1adj", "theatrical2adj" ; :wordnet "theatrical" ; a :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Theatrical'' is a pertaining attribute pertaining to ''EntertainmentPerformance''s in general, especially ''PerformingArtActivity''s and ''DramaticPerformance''s. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'theatrical' in Wordnet: 1. (1) theatrical - (of or relating to the theater) 2. (1) theatrical - (suited to or characteristic of the stage or theater; 'a theatrical pose'; 'one of the most theatrical figures in public life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TheatricalProduction :wnsense "staging1n", "theatrical production1n" ; :wordnet "staging", "theatrical production" ; a :ActionType, :InformationType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TheatricalProduction'' is a ''Production'' in which the thing produced is a ''DramaticPerformance''. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theatrical production' in WordNet: 1. theatrical production, staging - (the production of a drama on the stage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Production, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Play ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ] . :Theism :wnsense "theism1n" ; :wordnet "theism" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Theism'' monotheism atheism Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theism' in WordNet: 1. theism - (the doctrine or belief in the existence of a God or gods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Religion . :Thematic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :Communication ; :pertainsTo :Theme ; :wnsense "thematic1adj" ; :wordnet "thematic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thematic' in Wordnet: 1. (1) thematic - (relating to or constituting a topic of discourse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Theme :wnsense "motif3n", "theme2n" ; :wordnet "motif", "theme" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Theme'' is a 'Topic' that forms a main or prominent idea (''Thought'') that recurs within or across of one or more literary or artistic works. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'theme' in WordNet: 2. (5) theme, motif - (a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work; 'it was the usual 'boy gets girl' theme') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :Information-Content, :MentalObject, :Role, :Topic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiteraryWork ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Recurring ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ThemePark :wnsense "theme park1n" ; :wordnet "theme park" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theme park' in WordNet: 1. theme park - (an amusement park that is organized around some theme (as the world of tomorrow)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmusementPark . :Then :ldoce "then" ; :wnsense "then1n" ; :wordnet "then" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Then is a TimePoint that is referenced as the time at which the assertion(s) of the sentence are, were, or will be true; the time that 'then' refers to is usually mentioned Each assertion that is indexed in Time has an implicit Now. This is represented linguistically as a noun. The adverb 'now' also references this time point, but in a different manner. NOTE that the 'then' of 'if-then' is not represented by this type, but by Adverb 'consequently'; the 'then' of 'first ... then' is represented by the adverb 'subsequently'. The adverb 'then' meaning 'at that time' is represented by 'then-adv' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'then' in WordNet: 1. (6) then - (that time; that moment; 'we will arrive before then'; 'we were friends from then on') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TheMoment . :Theologian :wnsense "theologian1n", "theologiser1n", "theologist1n", "theologizer1n" ; :wordnet "theologian", "theologiser", "theologist", "theologizer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Theologian'' is a person who is an Expert in ''Theology''. This does no necesarily imply that the ''Theologian'' is committed to any particular religion, though many are. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theologian' in WordNet: 1. (9) theologian, theologist, theologizer, theologiser - (someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ; owl:someValuesFrom :Theology ] . :Theological :pertainsTo :Theology ; :wnsense "theological1adj" ; :wordnet "theological" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Theological'' is an attribute of things belonging to or characteristic of''Theology'' or a ''TheologicalSystem'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'theological' in Wordnet: 1. (15) theological - (of or relating to or concerning theology; 'theological seminar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TheologicalSystem :wnsense "theological system1n", "theology2n" ; :wordnet "theological system", "theology" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TheologicalSystem'' is a ''SystemOfRules'' including a Theology and other ideas relating to that Theology, including interpretations, texts, and commentaries on the rules or theological texts or practices. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'theology' in WordNet: 2. (6) theology, theological system - (a particular system or school of religious beliefs and teachings; 'Jewish theology'; 'Roman Catholic theology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :System, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Theology ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Theological ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Theology :wnsense "divinity4n", "theology1n" ; :wordnet "divinity", "theology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Theology'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' that deals with Religion and religious texts and practices. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theology' in WordNet: 1. (11) theology, divinity - (the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Religion ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ] . :Theoretical :isTheOppositeOf :Experimental ; :pertainsTo :Theory ; :wnsense "theoretic1adj", "theoretical1adj", "theoretical2adj" ; :wordnet "theoretic", "theoretical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Theoretical'' describes things - methods or results - that are asociated with some ''Theoretical''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'theoretical' in WordNet: 1. (9) theoretical, theoretic - (concerned primarily with theories or hypotheses rather than practical considerations; 'theoretical science') 2. (2) theoretical - (concerned with theories rather than their practical applications; 'theoretical physics') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TheoreticalModel :ldoce "model" ; :wnsense "model1n", "simulation3n", "theoretical account1n" ; :wordnet "model", "simulation", "theoretical account" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TheoreticalModel' is a MathematicalObject consisting of a Group of entities (which may be MathematicalObjects or real-world objects) plus their Attributes and the relations between them, created by an IntelligentAgent to represent some other thing of interest. The thing it represents may be abstract or physical, an Object or a process. This type can serve as a 'model' in the model-theoretic sense, or in the sense used in 'Modeling and Simulation'. Although real-world non-artifact objects may be included, the Group which forms the TheoreticalModel is created by some IntelligentAgent, and is not itself a PhysicalObject. This is one case in which a Group containing physical objects is not itself a PhysicalObject; in this case it is because there are also relations contained in the MathematicalModel. Note, howeer, that a Theory for which a 'TheoreticalModel' can serve as a model is not the same as the 'TheoreticalModel'itself. Corresponds most closely to noun senses 1 and 4 of 'model' in WordNet. WN Sense 1 is a type of theory and sense 4 is a representation. It is not clear how these are intended to differ. in WordNet: 1. (22) model, theoretical account, framework - (a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process; 'the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems') 4. (4) model, simulation - (representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abstraction, :Group, :MathematicalObject, :MentalObject . :Theoretically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Theoretical ; :wnsense "in theory1adv", "on paper3adv", "theoretically1adv", "theoretically2adv" ; :wordnet "in theory", "on paper", "theoretically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Theoretically'' is an AdverbialModifier that has the general meaning 'in theory' or 'according to theory'. NOTE: WN senses 1 and 2 seems to be distinguishable, but to specify the distinctkon will need additonal types to be added. @ToDo. For now, just merged together. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'theoretically' in Wordnet: 1. (2) theoretically, on paper, in theory - (according to the assumed facts; 'on paper the candidate seems promising') 2. (1) theoretically - (in a theoretical manner; 'he worked the problem out theoretically') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Theorizing :eng "theorizing" ; :guid "bd58aa8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "theorisation1n", "theorization1n", "theorize2v", "theorize3v" ; :wordnet "theorisation", "theorization", "theorize" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: This is the collection of instances in which an intelligent agent forms an hypothesis or engages in the sort of thought process typically intended to culminate in the formation and propounding of an hypothesis. NOTE: this is a subtype of ''Hypothesizing'' in which more careful reasoning is used and a more formal ''Theory'' is produced. There is a subtle difference between sense 2 and 3 but it is not yet clear how best to distinguish these. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'theorize' in WordNet: 2. theorize - (construct a theory about; 'Galileo theorized the motion of the stars') 3. theorize - (form or construct theories; 'he thinks and theorizes all day') WN noun 'theorization': 1. theorization, theorisation - (the production or use of theories) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hypothesizing, :Postulating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Theory ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Theory :wnsense "theory1n" ; :wordnet "theory" ; a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Theory is a Hypothesis that has been tested and for which some evidence has been obtained; it is a specification describing the structure or behavior of some system, abstract or concrete. Theories (e.g. scientific) that describe concrete (physical) systems are usually created to explain some observed phenomenon. Theories that describe abstract (e.g. mathematical) systems may be created for any reason, sometimes just for the joy of describing a new and interesting structure of abstract elements. NOTE that a Theory is a subtype of 'Information-Content' in COSMO because although a theory may not be experimentally verified, it contains propositions that reflect the experience of its creator. A Theory will be a context in which certain assertions may be true, though the same assertions may not be true in other theories, or indeed may not be true anywhere other than in that particular theory. Theories may form a subsumption lattice, in which some theories have multiple subtheories. Every ontology (including this one) is a theory - most ontologies are intended to represent some aspect of the real world. NOTE that a ''Theory'' need not be internally consistent, and the 'evidence' for the theory may be quite informal observations, not rigorous scientific testing. Thus a ''BeliefSystem'' is a subtype of ''Theory'' in that the components are at least intuitively expected by the believer to fit together coherently, even if the believer has no training in formal logic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'theory' in WordNet: 1. (62) theory - - (a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; 'theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses'; 'true in fact and theory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Abstraction, :CausalExplanation, :Group, :Hypothesis . :Therapeutic :wnsense "alterative1adj", "curative1adj", "healing1adj", "remedial1adj", "sanative1adj", "therapeutic1adj" ; :wordnet "alterative", "curative", "healing", "remedial", "sanative", "therapeutic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Therapeutic'' is an attribute of Objects, Substances, or Actions that can relieve pain or alleviate other symptoms of an ailment, or can cure an ''AilmentCondition'' or restore bodily function or health. NOTE: 'alterative' is obsolete but unused for other meanings, so it is included in the labels. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'therapeutic' in Wordnet: 1. (5) curative, healing, alterative, remedial, sanative, therapeutic - (tending to cure or restore to health; 'curative powers of herbal remedies'; 'her gentle healing hand'; 'remedial surgery'; 'a sanative environment of mountains and fresh air'; 'a therapeutic agent'; 'therapeutic diets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FitForaPurpose, :Useful . :TherapeuticProcess :appearsInAxioms """(=> (and (instance ?PROC TherapeuticProcess) (patient ?PROC ?BIO)) (or (instance ?BIO Organism) (exists (?ORG) (and (instance ?ORG Organism) (part ?BIO ?ORG)))))""" ; :en "MedicalTreatmentEvent", "TreatmentProcedure", "medical treatment", "treatment procedure" ; :guid "bd58ba4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bfa68577-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "treat", "treatment" ; :wnsense "medical aid1n", "medical care1n", "therapy1n", "treat3n", "treatment1n" ; :wordnet "medical aid", "medical care", "therapy", "treat", "treatment" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A purposeful Event performed on the body of an animal for the ultimate goal of improving the health state of an animal that has been diagnosed as having some ''AilmentCondition''. This is more general than in SUMO, as it includes some diagnostic procedures specifically directed at deterining the best treatment, and also cosmetic procedures, all presumably done as part of the actions needed to create some improvement in the health state of an animal, as perceived by the person doing the treatment (for non-human animals or unconscious people), or by the person requesting the procedure. One type of MedicalCareEvent that is not included here is a laboratory test on a sample from a patient. NOTE: improving the health state can be interpreted as merely improving the state of comfort, as 'Massaging' is classified as a subtype of this Type in SUMO. SUMO ('TherapeuticProcess'): A Process that is carried out for the purpose of curing, improving or reducing the pain associated with a DiseaseOrSyndrome. In Cyc called both 'TreatmentProcedure' and 'MedicalTreatmentEvent' appear to be similar to the SUMO 'TherapeuticProcess', so all are merged here in this Type. Cyc (TreatmentProcedure): The collection of procedures during which some organism is treated with respect to some physiological condition affecting it or one of its parts. Cyc (MedicalTreatmentEvent) A subcollection of #$MedicalCareEvent. Each instance of #$MedicalTreatmentEvent is a procedure performed by one or more medical professionals to alleviate or ameliorate a #$PhysiologicalCondition (q.v.). Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'treat' and noun sense 1 of 'treatment' in WordNet: 3. (17) treat, care for - (provide treatment for; 'The doctor treated my broken leg'; 'The nurses cared for the bomb victims'; 'The patient must be treated right away or she will die'; 'Treat the infection with antibiotics') WN noun 'treatment': 1. (28) treatment - (care by procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) WN noun 'therapy': 1. (7) therapy - ((medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.); 'the quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury'; 'he tried every treatment the doctors suggested'; 'heat therapy gave the best relief') WN noun 'medical care': 1. (1) medical care, medical aid - (professional treatment for illness or injury) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareEvent, :MedicalRemedy, :RepairingEvent, :Restoring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Therapeutic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TherapeuticallyEffective :en "clinically effective", "therapeutically effective" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :DrugSubstance, :MedicalProcedure ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :CuringAnAilment ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TherapeuticallyEffective'' is a form of being 'Effective'', that characterizes ''DrugSubstanceType''s or medical procedures """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Active-Effective . :Therapist :wnsense "healer1n", "therapist1n" ; :wordnet "healer", "therapist" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Therapist'' is any kind of ''HealthProfessional'' who tries to heal problems of various kind that are not ''Ailment''s requirig treatment by a ''medicalCareProfessional''. This can be for psychological worries or for restoratio of bodily funtionafter injury, or even 'spiritual healers' who describe their work as 'therapy. Very broad, mostly to include anything called 'therapy'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'therapist' in WordNet: 1. (9) therapist, healer - (a person skilled in a particular type of therapy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :HealthProfessional, :PersonWithOccupation . :TherapyRegimen :wnsense "regime2n", "regimen1n" ; :wordnet "regime", "regimen" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TherapyRegimen''' is an *abstract* specification for Actions to take to cure or alleviate an 'AilmentCondition''. This can include exercises to recover muscle or skeletal function, drug intake, or dietary restrictions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regimen' in WordNet: 1. regimen, regime - ((medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProgramForPerformance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HealingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MedicalCareEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :ThereAreManyGods :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_There_are_many_gods ; :hasTopic :ENG_There_are_many_gods ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :ThereIsOnlyOneGod :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_There_is_only_one_God ; :hasTopic :ENG_There_is_only_one_God ; a :Assertion, :Belief . :Thereabout :isAnAttributeValueOf :TimePoint ; :wnsense "thereabout2adv", "thereabouts2adv" ; :wordnet "thereabout", "thereabouts" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Thereabout'' is a sense of ''Approximately'' used to refer to some location, especially geographical locations. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'thereabout' in WordNet: 1. thereabout, thereabouts - (near that time or date; 'come at noon or thereabouts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approximately . :Thereabouts :isAnAttributeValueOf :TimePoint ; :wnsense "thereabout1adv", "thereabouts1adv" ; :wordnet "thereabout", "thereabouts" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Thereabouts'' is a sense of ''Approximately'' used to refer to some date or time of day. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'thereabouts' in WordNet: 1. thereabout, thereabouts - (near that time or date; 'come at noon or thereabouts') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approximately . :Therefore :wnsense "accordingly1adv", "consequently1adv", "consequently2adv", "hence1adv", "thence3adv", "therefore1adv", "therefore2adv", "thus1adv" ; :wordnet "accordingly", "consequently", "hence", "thence", "therefore", "thus" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Therefore'' is Adverb (represented as an AdverbialModifier ot include its synonyms. IT often functions as an introduction to a phrase or full sentence, somewhat like a conjunction. WN adverb 'therefore': 1. (89) therefore, hence, thence, thus - ((used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result; 'therefore X must be true'; 'the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory'; 'we were young and thence optimistic'; 'it is late and thus we must go'; 'the witness is biased and so cannot be trusted') 2. consequently, therefore - (as a consequence; 'he had good reason to be grateful for the opportunities which they had made available to him and which consequently led to the good position he now held') WN adverb 'consequently': 1. (7) consequently, accordingly - ((sentence connectors) because of the reason given; 'consequently, he didn't do it'; 'continued to have severe headaches and accordingly returned to the doctor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Thermal :pertainsTo :GettingHotter, :HeatingAndCoolingSomething, :HeatingSomething, :HeatingWater, :ThermalEnergy ; :wnsense "caloric1n", "thermal1adj", "thermic1adj" ; :wordnet "caloric", "thermal", "thermic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thermal' in Wordnet: 1. (31) thermal, thermic, caloric - (relating to or associated with heat; 'thermal movements of molecules'; 'thermal capacity'; 'thermic energy'; 'the caloric effect of sunlight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ThermalEnergy :en "thermal energy" ; :enn "thermal energy" ; :ldoce "heat" ; :wnsense "heat energy1n", "heat1n" ; :wordnet "heat", "heat energy" ; a :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Energy contained in the motion of molecules or atoms of a PhysicalObject, which is zero energy at the temperature of absolute zero. Also called 'heat' in non-technical language. This energy can be transferred from a body at higher temperature to one at lower temperature by contact of the two bodies together, or by radiating heat energy in the form of infrared radiation. NOTE: ''ThermalEnergy'' is measured as instances of the ''UnitOfEnergy'', such as 'calories' or ''therms'' or ''BTUs''. NOTE: in Cyc this is described as 'transfer of energy'; All ThermalEnergy is *capable* of being transfered to a colder body, but this type does not represent the transfer itself. A heating process is 'HeatingProcess' and cooling process is 'CoolingProcess', both being very different from the concept of 'Energy' as represented in COSMO. THe CYC gloss is just given as informative of the difference between COSMO and CYC in this case, and the CYC description does not apply to this COSMO type: Cyc: The transfer of energy into or out of an object either through a change in its #$KineticEnergy (which likewise produces a change in its #$Temperature) or a change in its potential energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'heat' in WordNet: 1. (42) heat, heat energy - (a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energy . :Thermometer :guid "bd58a441-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToMeasure :TemperatureMeasure ; :wnsense "thermometer1n" ; :wordnet "thermometer" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Thermometers that are normally used for measuring purposes. SUMO: Any Device that measures and represents TemperatureMeasure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thermometer' in Wordnet: 1. (17) thermometer - (measuring instrument for measuring temperature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasuringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TemperatureMeasure ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :ThermophilicBacterium :en "thermophile", "thermophilic bacterium" ; :guid "bef02d62-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BacteriumType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of #$Bacterium with an optimum growth temperature of greater than (#$DegreeCelsius 45). These #$ProkaryoticCells occur in #$Habitats such as composts, hot springs and hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. Only the more general type in RHW: RHW 'thermophile': a thermophilic organism. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bacterium . :Thermoplastic :wnsense "thermoplastic1adj" ; :wordnet "thermoplastic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Thermoplastic'' is a property of solid substances that becomemore flexible when heated. This is used mostcompnly with 'plastics'. In CYC the label 'Thermoplastic' represents a thermoplasticsubstance. For that type see ''ThermplasticSubstance''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thermoplastic' in Wordnet: 1. thermoplastic - (having the property of softening or fusing when heated and of hardening and becoming rigid again when cooled; 'thermoplastic materials can be remelted and cooled time after time without undergoing any appreciable chemical change') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ThermoplasticSubstance :guid "3bcf896e-7667-41d7-941e-ab2cd02a020f" ; :wnsense "thermoplastic resin1n", "thermoplastic1n" ; :wordnet "thermoplastic", "thermoplastic resin" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Plastic and #$HeteroPolymer. Each instance of #$Thermoplastic is a plastic substance that softens when heated but returns to its original condition when cooled to room temperature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thermoplastic' in WordNet: 1. thermoplastic, thermoplastic resin - (a material that softens when heated and hardens again when cooled) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plastic, :Polymer . :Thermos :guid "bd58ecec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "thermos bottle1n", "thermos flask1n", "thermos1n" ; :wordnet "thermos", "thermos bottle", "thermos flask" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Containers for keeping liquids at almost their original temperature. NOTE:this is only for 'Thermos' bottles that have a contained vacuum as an insulating section. For maintaining an original temperature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thermos' in WordNet: 1. thermos, thermos bottle, thermos flask - (vacuum flask that preserves temperature of hot or cold drinks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flask, :FoodVessel, :HandSizedObject, :StorageConstruct . :Thermostat :wnsense "thermostat1n" ; :wordnet "thermostat" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Thermostat'' is a''RegulatorDevice'' that controls the temperature of some system. Common examples include the thermostats regulating the air temperature of a building.. Works by controlling either heating or cooling (''HeatingDevice'') or both. The ''HeatingDevice'' is not expicitly mentioned as it is not as common as regulating heating devices. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thermostat' in WordNet: 1. (1) thermostat, thermoregulator - (a regulator for automatically regulating temperature by starting or stopping the supply of heat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RegulatorDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingDevice ; owl:onProperty :controls ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temperature ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :Thesaurus :guid "bd58ca67-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "thesaurus1n" ; :wordnet "thesaurus" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Thesaurus is an arrangement of terms that may or may not include a taxonomy, but usually includes synonymous terms, and some indication of narrower versus broader ranges of meaning. Optionally, a thesaurus may contain a small number of non-isa relations such as part-of and instance-of. CYC: The collection of all the thesauruses: books that contain information about the antonyms, homonyms, synonyms, of a (usually large) set of words. Usually they describe other relationships between words as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thesaurus' in Wordnet: 1. thesaurus, synonym finder - (a book containing a classified list of synonyms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowledgeClassificationSystem, :ReferenceWork . :TheseDays :en "these days", "these times", "times" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TheseDays'' is a phrase represneting the state of affairs relative to the ''Experience's of some Person or ''GroupOfPeople''. This is used in phrases such as 'these days we don't use that word' or 'times are tough'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Experience, :PersistingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Thesis :wnsense "thesis1n" ; :wordnet "thesis" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Thesis'' is an Assertion that is a 'Suggestion', asserted to one or more others for consideration or discussion, for any purpose such as how to explain a phenomenon or how to solve a problem.. The academic 'thesis' is represented by ''Dissertation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thesis' in WordNet: 1. (3) thesis - (an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suggestion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unproven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Thick :isTheOppositeOf :Thin ; :ldoce "thick" ; :wnsense "thick1adj" ; :wordnet "thick" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Thick' is an attribute that specifies that something has a larger than usual 'Thickness' (distance measure) relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thick' in WordNet: 1. (25) thick - (not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions; 'an inch thick'; 'a thick board'; 'a thick sandwich'; 'spread a thick layer of butter'; 'thick coating of dust'; 'thick warm blankets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ThickHide :en "thick hide" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ThickHide'' is an Mammal's ''Hide'' that is conspicuously ''Thick'', i.e. has greater distance from outside to inside than in most Mammals. This is characterstic of ''Pachyderm''s like elephants and hippos. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hide, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Thickening :en "thickening" ; :reversesTheEffectOf :Diluting ; :wnsense "thicken1v", "thicken2v", "thicken3v" ; :wordnet "thicken" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Thickening'' is an Event in which some mixture of liquid and solid substances (perhaps dissolved) becomes more ''Viscous'' by any of several processes intentional or natural), such as''ConcentratingaSolution'' (usually by evaporation, but potentially by freezing out the solvent).or adding materials (e.g. flour) to dissolve and increase viscosity, or by heating or some chemical process, Includes transitive and intransitive senses of 'thicken' The restriction refers to ''FodThickener'' but a ''Thickening'' may occur in substances other than foods, and by processes other than adding thickeners. Includes all three verb senses of 'thicken' in WordNet: 1. (2) thicken, inspissate - (make thick or thicker; 'Thicken the sauce'; 'inspissate the tar so that it becomes pitch') 2. (2) thicken, inspissate - (become thick or thicker; 'The sauce thickened'; 'The egg yolk will inspissate\"') 3. thicken, inspissate - (make viscous or dense; 'thicken the sauce by adding flour') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Viscosity :ViscosityType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodThickener ; owl:onProperty :canBeFacilitatedBy ] . :Thicket :wnsense "brush1n", "brushwood2n", "coppice1n", "copse1n", "thicket1n" ; :wordnet "brush", "brushwood", "coppice", "copse", "thicket" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Thicket'' represents the ''Bush''es growing densely in a ''ThicketArea''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thicket' in WordNet: 1. (11) brush, brushwood, coppice, copse, thicket - (a dense growth of bushes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vegetation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Bush ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingThickly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThicketArea ; owl:onProperty :occupiesTheRegion ] . :ThicketArea :en "thicket area" ; :enn "thicket area" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ThicketArea'' is the ''EcologicalArea'' in which a ''Thicket'' is growing, including only a small amount of ground area beyond the limits of the ''Thicket''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Thicket ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :Thickness :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "thickness1n" ; :wordnet "thickness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Thickness' is one linear dimension of an Object, but it is somewhat ambiguous, if not used for objects that have one dimension significantly shorter than the other two. The dimension that represents Thickness may depend on the perspective of an observer. For layers or sheets, it is usually the shortest dimension. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thickness' in WordNet: 1. (4) thickness - (the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :Thief :ldoce "thief" ; :wnsense "thief1n" ; :wordnet "thief" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Thief' is any Person (any sex) who has performed 'Stealing'. This does not mean that the person so labeled is a habitual Thief, it only means that one can specify some 'Stealing' that was performed by that Person Corresponds to a supertype of noun sense 1 of 'thief' in WordNet; NOTE that a 'Thief' does not have to be a 'criminal' in COSMO: in WordNet: 1. (10) thief, stealer - (a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadGuy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Stealing ] . :Thigh :guid "bd58cdec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "thigh1n" ; :wordnet "thigh" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The upper leg between the knee and hip. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thigh' in Wordnet: 1. (9) thigh - (the part of the leg between the hip and the knee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leg ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Thimble :wnsense "thimble2n" ; :wordnet "thimble" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A protective 'cover'for the finger tip, often used while sewing to avoid piercing the finger with a needle. This is only for small thimbles actually usable on the ''FingerTip'' - larger decorative ''Thimble''s used as a container are not included. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thimble' in WordNet: 2. thimble - (a small metal cap to protect the finger while sewing; can be used as a small container) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :Device, :ProtectiveSystem, :RigidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FingerTip ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cup ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Thin :isTheOppositeOf :Thick ; :ldoce "thin" ; :wnsense "thin1adj", "thin3adj" ; :wordnet "thin" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Thin' is an attribute that specifies that something has a smaller than usual Thickness relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. This can be used for lines in text that are perceptually two-dimensional to fere to the smaller dimension of the line, as well as the actual thickness of the ink that is on the page; the context needs to disambiguate. (@ToDo: distinguish these two senses). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and 3 of 'thin' in WordNet: 1. (17) thin - (of relatively small extent from one surface to the opposite or in cross section; 'thin wire'; 'a thin chiffon blouse'; 'a thin book'; 'a thin layer of paint') 3. (7) slender, thin - (very narrow; 'a thin line across the page') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ThinSkinned :enadj "easily offended" ; :wnsense "feisty2adj", "huffy1adj", "thin-skinned1adj", "touchy1adj" ; :wordnet "feisty", "huffy", "thin-skinned", "touchy" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThinSkinned'' is a subattribute of 'Oversensitive' characterizing people who easily take offense. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thin-skinned' in Wordnet: 1. huffy, thin-skinned, feisty, touchy - (quick to take offense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensitive . :ThingAbsent a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ThingAbsent' is an Entity that is known to be absent (i.e. not to be) in a particular location. This is the Entity of interest in a 'Absence'. **NOTE: @ToDo1343 The restriction specifies that the thing must be 'elsewhere' (''Alibi'') but that ''Alibi'' could be ''Nowhere'' if the thing does not exist. **BUT** this type does *not* require that the place it is absent from be specified. This should be added - does it need a new relation?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericAgent :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Alibi ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ThingContainingSubstance a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''ThingContainingSubstance'' is a an Object or Substance that has some significant content of some specific PhysicalSubstance. NOTE: Representing the exact amount or proportion of a constituent substance may need some additional mechanism. For that purpose relation ''hasFractionalComponent'' can be used. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :contains ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ] . :ThingPresent a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ThingPresent' is an Entity that is known to be in a particular location. This is the Entity of interest in a 'Presence'. This has nothing to do with gifts (presents). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericAgent :PhysicalSubstance ) ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :ThingWithAttribute :en "thing with attribute" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a class aggregating all classes that are defined by specifying that the thing (object, event) has some particuar attribute. The subclasses are *faceted* classes restricted to facets that are AttributeValues. These classes might be but are not yet (rev1615) defined as 'equivalent classes' to allow the possibility that an attribute can be asserted about something without all of the typical logical implications following for having that attribute. This remains to be considered. For Objects with specific attributes, use ''ObjectWithAttribute''. NOTE that CYC uses this type of class instead of more abstract ''AttributeType''s. In COSMO the main attribute hierarchy is kept separate from object types so as to emphasize the familiar (English) grammatical usage. Where having an attribute has significant logical implications, the use of the ''ThingWithAttribute'' for that attribute will allow more flexibility in specifying those logical implications in OWL. The relative utility of the alternate treatment of QualitativeAttributes will become clearer with usage. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeValue ) ] ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeValue ) ] ] . :ThinkTank :wnsense "think factory1n", "think tank1n" ; :wordnet "think factory", "think tank" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ThinkTank'' is an Institution that performs research, mostly on issues of public policy. It may have s noticeable ideological orientation or bias. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'think tank' in WordNet: 1. think tank, think factory - (a company that does research for hire and issues reports on the implications) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Institution . :Thinker :en "deep thinker" ; :wnsense "thinker1n", "thinker2n" ; :wordnet "thinker" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''Thinker'' is an ''Intellectual'' who not only knows a lot but thinks deeply - a 'deep thinker'. Includes both noun senses 1 and 2 of 'thinker' in WordNet: 1. (1) thinker, creative thinker, mind - (an important intellectual; 'the great minds of the 17th century') 2. thinker - (someone who exercises the mind (usually in an effort to reach a decision)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntellectualPerson . :Thinking :guid "bd58875c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "think", "thought" ; :wnsense "think3v", "thinking1n", "thought2n" ; :wordnet "think", "thinking", "thought" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the restriction requires that all Thinking occur at some Intellect, but the 'occursAt' relation is a type-level relation that does not require actual instantiation of the Intellect where the Thinking occurs. The 'Intellect' can be artificial (i.e. a computer), so this does not have to occur in a 'Brain' (an organic object). Cyc: A specialization of both #$IntentionalMentalEvent and #$StrictlyMentalEvent. Each instance of #$Thinking is a mental process with at least some propositional content (cf. #$Proposition), differing in this way from the mere experiencing of sensation or emotion (cf. #$ExperiencingEmotion). The collection includes both 'atomic' mental events of having a single thought with propositional content, and 'composite' mental events involving the processing or analyzing of thoughts. It is widely considered to be necessarily accompanied by consciousness (cf. #$Consciousness), but it is at least arguable whether this is really the case (consider as possible counterexamples subconscious thoughts, or the thinking of an intelligent machine). Instances of #$Thinking also need not necessarily be instances of #$PurposefulMentalActivity (q.v.) - consider obsessive thoughts, for instance. Notable specializations of this collection include #$Concentrating and #$GroupingThingsMentally. Note that as a specialization of #$StrictlyMentalEvent, #$Thinking does not include mental activities which essentially involve some relationship to extra-mental objects - such as, for instance, #$ThinkingAboutTheStateOfTheWorld. Thus, mental activities such as #$Evaluating and #$InventingSomething are specializations of #$ThinkingAboutTheStateOfTheWorld rather than of #$Thinking. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'think', noun sense 1 of 'thinking' and noun sense 2 of 'thought'in WordNet: 3. (111) think, cogitate, cerebrate - (use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments; 'I've been thinking all day and getting nowhere') WN noun 'thought': 2. (21) thinking, thought, thought process, cerebration, intellection, mentation - (the process of using your mind to consider something carefully; 'thinking always made him frown'; 'she paused for thought') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngagingInAnActivity, :ExternalReferringThing, :HigherCognitiveProcess, :PurposefulMentalActivity, :StrictlyMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intellect ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :ThinkingAboutSomething a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'ThinkingAboutSomething' is a Thinking which has some specific main topic.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngagingInAnActivity, :Thinking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :ThinkingIntuitively a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ThinkingIntuitively' is a stative Event in which an IntelligentAgent arrives at conclusions by an 'intuitive' process that depends on unconscious statistical processes in the brain as contrasted with ''Reasoning'' which considers premises and draws conclusions based on logical processes. Most human thinking is done by ''ThinkingIntuitively''. NOTE: This is the method of 'Thinking' that is called by Daniel Kahneman (se entry ''DanielKahneman'') as 'System 1' (fast and intuitive) and contrasts that with the method of thinking he calls 'System 2' (slow and logical). These systems are represented in COSMO by ''ThinkingIntuitively'' and ''Reasoning'', respectively. For more detail about Kahneman's analysis of thinking, see hs excellent book: 'Thinking, Fast and Slow' Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York (2011). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, :Thinking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Intuiting ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suspicion ; owl:onProperty :produces ] ; owl:disjointWith :Reasoning . :ThinkingUnit :en "thinking unit" ; :enn "thinking unit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ThinkingUnit'' is a PhysicalObject that can perform a ''CognitiveProcess''. At this time, that kind of process is considered in COSMO to be a capability of either an Animal's ''Brain'' or the deciding component of an ''Automaton''. Since the 'deciding component' may be locatedanwhere in an Automaton, this type represents the general concept of some PhysicalObject that can 'think' in the sense of evalating data and making decisions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CognitiveProcess ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CognitiveProcess ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deciding ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Brain :Automaton ) ] . :Thinly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Thin ; :wnsense "lightly6adv", "thinly1adv" ; :wordnet "lightly", "thinly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Thinly'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that can modify actions that result in things that are ''Thin''. 'the butter was spread thinly' opposite of 'thickly' or 'thick'? Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'thinly' in Wordnet: 3. thinly, lightly - (in a small quantity or extent; 'spread the margarine thinly over the meat'; 'apply paint lightly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :ThinlySpaced :isTheAdverbialFormOf :WidelySpaced ; :wnsense "thinly1adv" ; :wordnet "thinly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThinlySpaced'' is an adverbial form for ''WidelySpaced'' Corresponds to adverb sense 4 of 'thinly' in Wordnet: 4. thinly - (in a widely distributed manner; 'thinly overgrown mountainside') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :ThinningOutaGroup :wnsense "thin out1v" ; :wordnet "thin out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThinningOutaGroup'' is a 'Reduction' in the number of PhysicalObjects per unit area or volume in a ''ObjectGroup''. Very general. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thin out' in WordNet: 1. (1) thin out - (make sparse; 'thin out the young plants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reduction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sparser ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Third :hasNumericalAbbreviation "3rd" ; :hasOrderNumber "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "third" ; :wnsense "third3n" ; :wordnet "third" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The third element in a series. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'third' in WordNet: 3. (3) third - (following the second position in an ordering or series; 'a distant third'; 'he answered the first question willingly, the second reluctantly, and the third with resentment') """ . :Third-Party :en "third-party" ; :enadj "third-party" ; :pertainsTo :ThirdParty ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ 'third-party' as an adjective is not in WN or RHW. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ThirdParty :wnsense "third party2n" ; :wordnet "third party" ; a :OrganizationType, :PoliticalPartyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'third party' in WordNet: 2. third party - (a political party organized in opposition to the major parties in a two-party system """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalParty . :ThirdPlace :en "third place", "third-place" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Olympic contests, ''ThirdPlace'' gets a Bonze Medal. NOTE: 'third-place may be treated as an adjective. @ToDo. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContestRank . :Thirdly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :SecondOfaSeries ; :wnsense "third1adv", "thirdly1adv" ; :wordnet "third", "thirdly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Thirdly'' is an AdverbialModifier used to introduce a topic that should be considered third, following the topic labeled ''Secondly''. Corresponds to adjverb sense 1 of 'thirdly' in Wordnet: 1. third, thirdly - (in the third place; 'third we must consider unemployment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Thirst :wnsense "thirst1n" ; :wordnet "thirst" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An unpleasant internal Sensation caused by physiological processes reacting to lack recent flid intake. Its evolutionary survival value is to prompt the Animal to drink so as to maintain proper fluid balance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirst' in WordNet: 1. (2) thirst, thirstiness - (a physiological need to drink) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySensation, :UnpleasantBodyEvent . :Thirsty :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Thirst ; :wnsense "thirsty2adj" ; :wordnet "thirsty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of an Animal that is experiencing Thirst. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'thirsty' in WordNet: 2. thirsty - (feeling a need or desire to drink; 'after playing hard the children were thirsty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Thirteenth :en "13th" ; :hasNumericalAbbreviation "13th" ; :hasOrderNumber "13"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "thirteenth1adj" ; :wordnet "thirteenth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The thirteenth element in a series. Corresponds to adj sense 1 of 'thirteenth' in WordNet: 1. (1) thirteenth, 13th - (coming next after the twelfth in position) """ . :Thirtieth :en "30th" ; :hasNumericalAbbreviation "30th" ; :hasOrderNumber "30"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "thirtieth1n" ; :wordnet "thirtieth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The thirtieth element in a series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirtieth' in WordNet: 1. thirtieth - (position 30 in a countable series of things) """ . :Thirty :hasCardinalityNumber "30"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "30"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "thirty1adj" ; :wordnet "thirty" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'thirty' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirty instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thirty' in WordNet: 1. (17) thirty, 30, xxx - (being ten more than twenty) """ . :ThirtyEight :hasCardinalityNumber "38"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "38"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "381n", "thirty-eight1n", "xxxviii1n" ; :wordnet "38", "thirty-eight", "xxxviii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''ThirtyEight'' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirty eight instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirty-eight' in WordNet: 1. thirty-eight, 38, xxxviii - (being eight more than thirty) """ . :ThirtyFive :hasCardinalityNumber "35"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "35"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "351n", "thirty-five1n", "xxxv1n" ; :wordnet "35", "thirty-five", "xxxv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''ThirtyFive'' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirty five instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirty-five' in WordNet: 1. thirty-five, 35, xxxv - (being five more than thirty) """ . :ThirtyFour :hasCardinalityNumber "34"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "34"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "341n", "thirty-four1n", "xxxiv1n" ; :wordnet "34", "thirty-four", "xxxiv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''ThirtyFour'' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirty four instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirty-four' in WordNet: 1. thirty-four, 34, xxxiv - (being four more than thirty) """ . :ThirtyNine :hasCardinalityNumber "39"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "39"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "391n", "ixl1n", "thirty-nine1n" ; :wordnet "39", "ixl", "thirty-nine" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''ThirtyNine'' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirty nine instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirty-nine' in WordNet: 1. thirty-nine, 39, ixl - (being nine more than thirty) """ . :ThirtyOne :hasCardinalityNumber "31"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "31"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "311n", "thirty-one1n", "xxxi1n" ; :wordnet "31", "thirty-one", "xxxi" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''ThirtyOne'' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirty one instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirty-one' in WordNet: 1. thirty-one, 31, xxxi - (being one more than thirty) """ . :ThirtySeven :hasCardinalityNumber "37"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "37"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "371n", "thirty-seven1n", "xxxvii1n" ; :wordnet "37", "thirty-seven", "xxxvii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''ThirtySeven'' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirty seven instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirty-seven' in WordNet: 1. thirty-seven, 37, xxxvii - (being seven more than thirty) """ . :ThirtySix :hasCardinalityNumber "36"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "36"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "361n", "thirty-six1n", "xxxvi1n" ; :wordnet "36", "thirty-six", "xxxvi" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''ThirtySix'' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirty six instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirty-six' in WordNet: 1. thirty-six, 36, xxxvi - (being six more than thirty) """ . :ThirtyThree :hasCardinalityNumber "33"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "33"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "331n", "thirty-three1n", "xxxiii1n" ; :wordnet "33", "thirty-three", "xxxiii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''ThirtyThree'' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirty three instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirty-three' in WordNet: 1. thirty-three, 33, xxxiii - (being three more than thirty) """ . :ThirtyTwo :hasCardinalityNumber "32"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "32"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "321n", "thirty-two1n", "xxxii1n" ; :wordnet "32", "thirty-two", "xxxii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''ThirtyTwo'' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirty one instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thirty-two' in WordNet: 1. thirty-two, 32, xxxii - (being two more than thirty) """ . :Thistle :wnsense "thistle1n" ; :wordnet "thistle" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Thistle'' is a ''Weed'' RHW: any of various prickly, composite plants having showy, purple flower heads , esp. of the genera Cirsium, Carduus, or Onopordum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thistle' in WordNet: 1. thistle - (any of numerous plants of the family Compositae and especially of the genera Carduus and Cirsium and Onopordum having prickly-edged leaves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant, :Weed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ThomasAlvaEdison :en "Thomas A. Edison", "Tom Edison" ; :enn "Thomas A. Edison", "Tom Edison" ; :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; :invented :LightBulbIncandescent ; :isaCitizenOf :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :isaGraduateOf :CooperUnion ; a :DeadPerson, :Graduate, :Inventor ; rdfs:comment """Invented the phonograph and light bulb,among many other things. Wikipedia (2020) Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who has been described as America's greatest inventor.[1][2][3] He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures.[4] These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and early versions of the electric light bulb, have had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world.[5] He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of organized science and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He established the first industrial research laboratory.[6] Edison was raised in the American Midwest; early in his career he worked as a telegraph operator, which inspired some of his earliest inventions.[4] In 1876, he established his first laboratory facility in Menlo Park, New Jersey, where many of his early inventions were developed. He later established a botanic laboratory in Fort Myers, Florida in collaboration with businessmen Henry Ford and Harvey S. Firestone, and a laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey that featured the world's first film studio, the Black Maria. He was a prolific inventor, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as patents in other countries. Edison married twice and fathered six children. He died in 1931 of complications of diabetes. """ . :ThomasJefferson :hasMassInGrams "10000"^^xsd:float ; :isTheAuthorOf :All_men_are_created_equal ; a :Author, :DeadPerson ; rdfs:comment """Thomas jefferson, author of the Declarationof Independence, is buried in a family plot at his home Monticello, in Virginia. See: http://www.carolshouse.com/cemeteryrecords/monticello/""" . :Thong :wnsense "thong1n" ; :wordnet "thong" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Thong'' is a ''LeatherStrip'' used as part of an article of clothing. This is a specialized meaning of the word 'thong'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thong' in WordNet: 2. thong - (a thin strip of leather; often used to lash things together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeatherStrip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :Thorium :guid "bd590a33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "90"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Th2n", "thorium1n" ; :wordnet "Th", "thorium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of thorium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Thorium or ThoriumStuff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thorium' in WordNet: 1. (1) thorium, Th, atomic number 90 - (a soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Thorn :wnsense "pricker1n", "prickle1n", "spikelet1n", "spine3n", "sticker1n", "thorn2n" ; :wordnet "pricker", "prickle", "spikelet", "spine", "sticker", "thorn" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The small sharp process on the stem or branch of a plant. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thorn' in Wordnet: 2. spine, thorn, prickle, pricker, sticker, spikelet - (a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarbleSizedObject, :PlantPart, :PointyEndedObject, :SpineSpikeOrQuill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Thorough :ldoce "thorough" ; :wnsense "thorough1adj" ; :wordnet "thorough" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Thorough' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person who conducts an Action thoroughly; this attribute can be used for specific actions, and its use does not necessarily imply that a person is habitually thorough. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'Thorough' in WordNet - the part pertaining to perople, not to actions. For the attribute pertaining to actions conducted throughly, use 'Thorough'.: in WordNet: 1. (4) thorough - (painstakingly careful and accurate; 'our accountant is thorough'; 'thorough research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Thoroughgoing :ldoce "thorough" ; :wnsense "exhaustive1adj", "thorough2adj", "tnoroughgoing1adj" ; :wordnet "exhaustive", "thorough", "tnoroughgoing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Thoroughgoing' is an attribute of an Action that was performed carefully so as not to omit any part that should have been included.. For the attribute of people who are 'Thoroughgoing' use 'Thorough' This concept has some overlap with 'Complete' but does not appear to be a subtype; an action may be thorough without being complete, if there were optioanl actions that were not deemed necessary to achieve the goal. in WordNet: 2. (3) exhaustive, thorough, thoroughgoing - (very thorough; exhaustively complete; 'an exhaustive study'; 'made a thorough search'; 'thoroughgoing research') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Thought :ldoce "idea" ; :wnsense "idea1n", "thought1n" ; :wordnet "idea", "thought" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each thought is a MentalObject that is either one of the units of Thinking or is a complex of multiple units. This is an Object in the Mind, not an Event or process of Thinking. The physiological/neural structures or processes corresponding to a Thought are not understood, and no attempt is made here to represent the actual structure of a Thought. A Proposition may have a representation in a Thought, but these two concepts are used for different purposes, and are kept separate in COSMO, though both are MentalObjects. This corresponds to sense 1 of 'thought' and sense 1 of 'idea' in WordNet: 1. (539) idea, thought - (the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; 'it was not a good idea'; 'the thought never entered my mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Brain ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Thoughtful :wnsense "thoughtful1adj", "thoughtful2adj" ; :wordnet "thoughtful" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'thoughtful' in WordNet: 1. (2) thoughtful - (having intellectual depth; 'a deeply thoughtful essay') 2. (1) thoughtful - (exhibiting or characterized by careful thought; 'a thoughtful paper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Careful . :Thoughtfully :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Thoughtful ; :wnsense "thoughtfully1adv" ; :wordnet "thoughtfully" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'thoughtfully' in Wordnet: 1. (8) thoughtfully - (in a thoughtful manner; 'he stared thoughtfully out the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Thousandth :hasNumericalAbbreviation "1000th" ; :hasOrderNumber "1000"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "thousandth" ; :wnsense "thousandth1n" ; :wordnet "thousandth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The thousandth element in a series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thousandth' in WordNet: 1. thousandth - (position 1,000 in a countable series of things) """ . :Thrashing :wnsense "flail1v", "lam2v", "thrash1v", "thresh4v" ; :wordnet "flail", "lam", "thrash", "thresh" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Thrashing'' is a vigorous and painful manner of ''BeatingAnAnimal''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thrash' in WordNet: 1. (2) thrash, thresh, lam, flail - (give a thrashing to; beat hard) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeatingAnAnimal, :Punishing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vigorously ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vigorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ] . :ThrashingAbout :wnsense "convulse1v", "jactitate1v", "slash5v", "thrash about1v", "thrash2v", "thresh about1v", "thresh1v", "toss4v" ; :wordnet "convulse", "jactitate", "slash", "thrash", "thrash about", "thresh", "thresh about", "toss" ; a :IntransitiveEventType, :MotionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ThrashingAbout'' is a 'ShakingMotion' that is performed involuntarily by an Animal. This is an intransitive Action. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'convulse' in WordNet: 3. convulse, thresh, thresh about, thrash, thrash about, slash, toss, jactitate - (move or stir about violently; 'The feverish patient thrashed around in his bed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :InvoluntaryBodyMovement, :ShakingMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Involuntary ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torso ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LyingHorizontally ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :Thread :ldoce "thread" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Thread' is a solid PhysicalSubstance that is in the shape of a thin line (for an Object that is composed of Thread use 'PieceOfthread'). 'Thread' generally smaller in diameter than a String. thread, yarn """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FibrousSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flexible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ThreadType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThreadType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for classes of thread-like objects like Yarn or PieceOfThread..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObjectType . :ThreadedDevice :ldoce "screw" ; :wnsense "screw2n", "screw4n" ; :wordnet "screw" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Device that has spiral threads on the outside or inside of a shaft (which may be tapered), required for the Device to perform its intended function. This can be for fasteners such as screw and nuts, or for the screw-contining portions of devices such as worm drives, in which a screw interlocks with a toothed gear to transmit rotation or convert rotation to translation. NOTE that a 'ScrewShapedObject' is not necessarily a ThreadedDevice, because the spiral of a drill bit is not really threading in this sense, and the threading of a ThreadedDevice may be internal, as in a nut. Includes, among other things, senses 2 and 4 of 'screw' in WordNet: 2. screw - (a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole) 4. screw - (a fastener with a tapered threaded shank and a slotted head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device . :Threat :ldoce "threat" ; :wnsense "threat2n" ; :wordnet "threat" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The propositional content of a 'Threatening' Action. (see 'Threatening',a subtype of 'Communication'). This will often be of the form 'if Agent A does some act X, then agent B (the threatening agent) will do act Y'. This is the content of a ''Threatening'' action. This does not represent the ''PossibleFutureSituation'' that might harm an agent, only the content of a communication conveying an intention to do harm under certain circumstances. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 2 of 'threat' in WordNet: 2. (4) threat - (a warning that something unpleasant is imminent; 'they were under threat of arrest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion . :Threatened :guid "5ddcbe14-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Species ; :wnsense "threatened1adj" ; :wordnet "threatened" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$BiologicalSpecies and other #$OrganismClassificationTypes that are threatened with extinction. This is less serious than being #$Endangered. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'threatened' in Wordnet: 1. (1) threatened - ((of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered; 'the spotted owl is a threatened species, not yet an endangered one') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vulnerable . :Threatening :en "threatening" ; :guid "beaccf51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bec5b9ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "threat", "threaten" ; :wnsense "threat2n", "threat3n", "threaten2v" ; :wordnet "threat", "threaten" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type combines two CYC types: Threatening-CommunicationAct' and 'Threat'. Both of those types refer to Actions in which a threat is conveyed. The term 'threat' in COSMO is used for the propositional content of a 'Threatening' NOTE: the sense of ''Threatening'' for the purpose of intimidating is represented by ''MakingaThreat''. This ''Threatening'' is more generic, but can be used for gratituous threats that are made of any purpose,such as instilling fear, as a revenge for something. For the adjective 'threatening' use ''Ominous''. Cyc: Threatening-CommunicationAct This is the collection of acts in which one agent threatens another. The propositional content can typically be divided into a demand and what the sender of info intends if the demand is not met. Note that this has not been made a subset of #$Intimidation-CommunicationAct, as the intention of a threat may be intimidation but the one making the threat may be unsuccesful. CYC 'Threat' An instance of #$CommissiveIllocutionaryForce and a specialization of #$InformationTransferEvent. #$Threats are conditional. The form of a #$Threat is: 'If you (the #$threatenedAgent) do X, I (the #$threateningAgent) will do Y', where the threatening agent believes that the threatened agent has a vested interested in the threatening agent's not doing Y. (NB: We assume that refraining from doing an action is itself an action.) In English, threats are sometimes disguised as conjunctions, as in 'You do that again and I'll punch your lights out'. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 3 and verb sense 2 of 'threat' in WordNet: 3. (4) threat - (declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another; 'his threat to kill me was quite explicit') WN verb 'threaten': 2. (21) threaten - (to utter intentions of injury or punishment against: 'He threatened me when I tried to call the police') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationAct-Single, :HumanActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Threat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ominous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ThreateningDeath :en "threatening death", "threatening to cause death" ; :enn "threatening death", "threatening to cause death" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThreatentingDeath'' is an Action performed by anything - Object, Situation, or Action - that has a significant potential to cause ''Death'' to an Organism. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LifeThreatening ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Three-Day :en "three-day" ; :enadj "three-day" ; :pertainsTo :ThreeDays ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Three-Day'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a period of ''ThreeDays'' or of Actions that take ''ThreeDays'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Three-Year-Old :en "three-year-old" ; :enadj "three-year-old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Three-Year-Old'' is n attribute that characterizes things that are three years old, i.e. were created or born three years in the past. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ThreeArtifactLegs :hasObjectType :LongLegOfArtifact ; :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :ThreeDays :en "three days" ; :enn "three days" ; :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; :hasUnit :days ; :relatedInternalConcept :Day ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 3 days. """ . :ThreeDimensional :en "3-D", "3D" ; :wnsense "three-dimensional1adj" ; :wordnet "three-dimensional" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of being an Object having three dimensions. The wordNet adjective 'cubic' merely means having three dimensions; the sense os being shaped like a 'Cube' , so that WN word is not included in the WN listing. in WordNet: 1. (1) cubic, three-dimensional - (having three dimensions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShapeAttribute . :ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical :guid "be21f19b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$GeometricShapeType and a specialization of #$Figure-Geometrical and #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing (qq.v.). Each instance of #$PlaneFigure-Geometrical is an intangible two-dimensional geometrical figure, i.e. a two-dimensional part of some (flat or curved) plane. This collection includes, for instance, intangible #$Polygons and #$Discs.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricFigure, :Object3D, :TwoDimensionalGeometricThing . :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing :guid "c0fbbe61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality and a specialization of #$GeometricallyDescribableThing, #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing, and #$ShapedThing (qq.v.). Each instance of #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing is a three-dimensional geometrically-describable object. Examples include spatially-localized objects, such as the Pentagon, as well as abstract 3-D geometric objects. Specializations of this collection include #$Polyhedron, #$Ellipsoid, and #$Hemisphere. SUMO: The class of GeometricFigures that have position and an extension along three dimensions, viz. geometric solids like polyhedrons and cylinders. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :Object3D, :ShapedThing, :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing . :ThreeDimensionalRegion :BFO "ThreeDimensionalRegion" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ThreeDimensionalRegion'' is a BFO concept that is a parent of several COSMO concepts, bt is not directly separated from one- or two- dimenstional regions by a 'disjoint' assertion. NOTE: for a Location in our real universe, use specific subtypes of ''PhysicalSpaceRegion''. BFO 'ThreeDimensionalRegion': BFO: Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with three dimensions. BFO: Examples: a cube-shaped part of space, a sphere-shaped part of space. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object3D, :SpatialRegion, :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreeDimensional ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :ThreeHours :en "two hours" ; :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; :hasUnit :hours ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 3 hours. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time that is a specific 'three hour period'. """ . :ThreeHydrogenAtoms :hasObjectType :HydrogenAtom ; :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :ThreeLayeredObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''LayeredObject'' having three layers, no two of which need to be of the same type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LayeredObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreeLayers ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :ThreeLayers :hasObjectType :Layer ; :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :ThreeMonths :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; :hasUnit :months ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 3 months. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :ThreeOxygenAtoms :hasObjectType :OxygenAtom ; :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :ThreePoints :en "three points" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThreePoints'' is a quantity of six pints aquired by one ''ScoringPoints'' Action, as in a ''FieldGoal'' in AmericanFootball. Note that the instances of this type would be the result of specific scoring events in some specific game.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GamePoints, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :ThreePounds :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; :hasUnit :pounds ; a :MassMeasure . :ThreeSupportingWheels :en "three suporting wheels" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThreeSupportingWheels'' is the Group of three 'SupportingWheels''s on the same wheeled vehicle. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectTrio, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "3" ; owl:hasValue :SupportingWheel ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ThreeWayJunctionOfPaths :guid "c0a9bbda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of junctions of paths. A member of this collection exists where three #$SimpleUnloopedSegmentOfPaths meet together, or where one #$SimpleUnloopedSegmentOfPath joins the two ends of a #$SimpleLoopedSegmentOfPath that loops back to that junction. If it is a three way junction in a specified #$PathSystem, use #$threeWayJunctionInSystem. (Determining what constitutes a #$ThreeWayJunctionOfPaths depends on the #$PathTypes of the joined paths; if it is #$River then only a junction of rivers qualifies, not the place where a road joins a river.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JunctionOfPaths . :ThreeYear :en "three-year" ; :enadj "three-year" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ThreeYears ; :pertainsTo :ThreeYears ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThreeYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for three years, or plans that specify Events over the course of three years. 'A three-year course in Nursng.' 'Law school is typically a three-year course'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :ThreeYearOldChild :en "three year old" ; :enn "three year old" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreeYears ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :ThreeYears :en "three years" ; :enn "three years" ; :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; :hasUnit :years ; :relatedInternalConcept :Year ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 3 years. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :Three_times a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier . :Threesome :wnsense "threesome2n", "trio5n" ; :wordnet "threesome", "trio" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Threesome'' is any Group of three people. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'threesome' and sense 5 of 'trio' in Wordnet: 2. trio, threesome, triad, trinity - (three people considered as a unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :Trio . :Threshold :wnsense "brink1n", "threshold1n", "threshold5n", "verge1n" ; :wordnet "brink", "threshold", "verge" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'StartingTime' of an event or Process is its ''Threshold''. This metaphorical term is used to characterize the immediate time before the starting use of a significant new activity or life phase. 'one the threshold of success'. these terms usually are used in the phrase: 'on the (verge,brink,threshold) of ..' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'threshold' in WordNet: 1. (7) threshold - (the starting point for a new state or experience; 'on the threshold of manhood') 5. brink, threshold, verge - (a region marking a boundary) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StartingTime . :Thrice :wnsense "thrice1adv" ; :wordnet "thrice" ; a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'thrice' in WordNet: 1. (1) thrice - (three times; 'I called you thrice last night') """ . :Thrilled :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ThrillingaPerson ; :wnsense "thrilled1adj" ; :wordnet "thrilled" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Thrilled'' is an attribute of a ''Person'' who was the object of a ''ThrillingaPerson'' Action. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thrilled' in Wordnet: 1. thrilled - (feeling intense pleasurable excitement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Troubled . :Thriller :wnsense "thriller1n" ; :wordnet "thriller" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''Thriller'' can be represented as a book, play or Movie. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thriller' in WordNet: 1. (1) thriller - (a suspenseful adventure story or play or movie) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdventureStory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThrillingaPerson ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Suspenseful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Thrilling :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :ThrillingaPerson ; :wnsense "electrifying1adj", "thrilling1adj" ; :wordnet "electrifying", "thrilling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thrilling' in WordNet: 1. (2) electrifying, thrilling - (causing a surge of emotion or excitement; 'she gave a electrifying performance'; 'a thrilling performer to watch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exciting . :ThrillingaPerson :wnsense "thrill1v" ; :wordnet "thrill" ; a :EventType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thrill' in WordNet: 1. (2) thrill - (cause to be thrilled by some perceptual input; 'The men were thrilled by a loud whistle blow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StimulatingaFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thrilled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Thriving :isAnAttributeValueOf :AnimalBodyPart ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :ThrivingEvent ; :wnsense "flourishing1adj", "growing2adj", "thriving2adj" ; :wordnet "flourishing", "growing", "thriving" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Thriving'' is an attribute of an Organism (Plant or Animal) or species of Organism that is living and getting larger (for an individual or more populous (for a species). For businesses that are continuing to be more than marginally profitable, use ''Booming''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'thriving' in Wordnet: 2. flourishing, growing, thriving - (having or showing vigorous vegetal or animal life; 'flourishing crops'; 'flourishing chicks'; 'a growing boy'; 'fast-growing weeds'; 'a thriving deer population') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beneficial . :ThrivingEvent :eng "thriving" ; :wnsense "boom5v", "expand4v", "flourish1v", "get ahead2v", "prosper1v", "thrive1v" ; :wordnet "boom", "expand", "flourish", "get ahead", "prosper", "thrive" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ThrivingEvent'' is a ''GrowingEvent'' and a ''Development'' in which the agent that is growing increases in size or strength or intensity of some good attribute that might not have increased, or not increased as rapidly. This is often applied to children that grow normally and are not stunted, but it also applies in a metaphorical sense to any ongoing effort that improves in desirable results over time,including businesses and national economies. For businesses and national economies, the more specific subAttribute ''Booming'' (representing adjective 'booming') is commonly used This is very general, and does not have ant significant restrictions. The increase in 'strength' can be metaphorical. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thrive' in WordNet: 1. (3) boom, prosper, thrive, get ahead, flourish, expand - (grow stronger; \"The economy was booming\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Development, :Expanding, :GoodThing, :GrowingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stronger ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ENG_better ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ] . :Throat :guid "bd58afed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c10b4efc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "throat" ; :wnsense "pharynx1n", "throat1n" ; :wordnet "pharynx", "throat" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A BodyVessel (COSMO: 'AnatomicalVessel') which connects the Mouth to the lungs and stomach. ***NOTE: In CYC as both 'Throat' *and* 'pharynx': The collection of all pharynges. Each instance of this collection is a unique part of the body, being the throat cavity between the #$Mouth and nasal passages on one side and #$Esophagus and #$Larynx passages on the other. The #$Pharynx is a part of both the #$RespiratorySystem and the #$DigestiveSystem. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'throat' in WordNet: 1. (35) throat, pharynx - (the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :ThroatAndStomach :hasComponentElement :Stomach, :Throat ; a :Group, :Pair . :ThroatAndTrachea :hasComponentElement :Throat, :Trachea ; a :Group, :Pair . :Throbbing :wnsense "pounding2n", "throb1v", "throb2n", "throbbing1n" ; :wordnet "pounding", "throb", "throbbing" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Throbbing'' is a ''CausingAnAche'' in which the ''PainOrAche' caused repeats at short intervals. For normal heart beating see ''Beating''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'throb' and noun sense 1 of 'throbbing' in WordNet: 1. (2) throb - (pulsate or pound with abnormal force; 'my head is throbbing'; 'Her heart was throbbing') WN noun 'throbbing': 1. (1) throb, throbbing, pounding - (an instance of rapid strong pulsation (of the heart); 'he felt a throbbing in his head') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAche, :EventSeries, :Pulsating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Heart :Head :AnimalBodyPart ) ] ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OnePulse ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :ThrobbingSound :wnsense "throbbing2n" ; :wordnet "throbbing" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ThrobbingSound'' is a ''Sound'' consisting of multiple low-pitched short sounds repeated at relatively constant intervals suggestive of a musical beat or drum beat. This may be caused by a ''Pounding'' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'throbbing' in WordNet: 2. throbbing - (a sound with a strong rhythmic beat; 'the throbbing of the engines') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Thrombosis :wnsense "thrombosis1n" ; :wordnet "thrombosis" ; a :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thrombosis' in WordNet: 1. (1) thrombosis - (the formation or presence of a thrombus (a clot of coagulated blood attached at the site of its formation) in a blood vessel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occlusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thrombus ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Thrombus :wnsense "thrombus1n" ; :wordnet "thrombus" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Thrombus'' is a ''BloodClot'' that has not moved from the place where it was formed; a ''BloodClot'' in a ''BloodVessel'' that breaks away from its place of formation is dangerous, as it can move to the brain and cause a stroke, or damage some other body organ. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thrombus' in WordNet: 1. (1) thrombus - (a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodClot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodVessel ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :Throne :wnsense "throne1n" ; :wordnet "throne" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Throne' is a ''Chair'' designed for and reserved for the use of a ''Monarch-HeadOfState'', especially during formal occasions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'throne' in WordNet: 1. (1) throne - (the chair of state of a monarch, bishop, etc.; 'the king sat on his throne') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Monarch-HeadOfState ; owl:onProperty :isForTheUseOf ] . :Throng :wnsense "concourse1n", "multitude2n", "throng1n" ; :wordnet "concourse", "multitude", "throng" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'throng' in WordNet: 1. (3) multitude, throng, concourse - (a large gathering of people) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssemblageOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Through :ldoce "through" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition . :Throwing :en "throwing" ; :guid "bd58d6fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "throw" ; :wnsense "throw1n", "throw1v" ; :wordnet "throw" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Causing an object to fly though the air by propelling it with the hands and giving it momemtum by a rapid movement of the arms, releasing it from the hand. (not included: throw a party, throw a fit, throw a match) In Cyc 'ThrowingAnObject': CYC: An instance of #$TemporalObjectType and a specialization of #$ProjectilePropelling. Each instance of #$ThrowingAnObject is a #$VoluntaryBodyMovement in which someone sends something flying through the air by quickly moving or straightening his #$Arm, and, in the process, releasing the object from his grasp. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'throw' and verb sense 1 of '' in WordNet: WN 'throw' noun: 1. (4) throw - (the act of throwing (propelling something through the air with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist); 'the catcher made a good throw to second base') WN 'throw' verb: 1. (53) throw - (project through the air; 'throw a frisbee') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CastingSomething, :HeavingAnObject, :Impelling, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :ThrowingADiscus :guid "bd588649-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this action can be done even when not actual participating in a sporting event, just for amusement. CYC: The collection of events in which an agent throws a discus while participating in the discus throw sporting event""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Throwing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discus ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :ThrowingSnowballs :wnsense "snowball2v" ; :wordnet "snowball" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThrowingSnowballs'' is a ''Throwing'' Action in which the Object thrown is a ''Snowball''. This includes the transitive sense of verb 'snowball'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'snowball' in WordNet: 2. snowball - (throw snowballs at) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEvent, :Throwing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snowball ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :ThrowingSomethingOverboard :en "throwing something overboard" ; :wnsense "deep-six2v", "throw overboard2v" ; :wordnet "deep-six", "throw overboard" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThrowingSomethingOverboard'' is a 'Discarding' in which a Person throws some PhysicalObject (possibly liquid) from a Boat in the the BodyOfWater that the Boat is floating on, in order to get rid of it. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'throw overboard' in WordNet: 2. deep-six, throw overboard - (throw from a boat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedTranslation, :Discarding, :Throwing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Thrust :wnsense "propulsion1n", "push2n", "thrust1n" ; :wordnet "propulsion", "push", "thrust" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Thrust'' is the Force that is created by a ''PushingEvent''. The ''Pushing' can come from a solid object pushing on another solid object (and that kind of pushing can be transmitted through a chain of objects), or from the 'reaction' to a motion of gases or other objects that are propelled in the opposite direction of the ''Trust'' vector. The reaction type of ''Thrust'' is what propels jet engines and rockets, and also rubber balloons that are blown up and then allowed to deflate by the contained air rushing out. Thrust can also be created by rotation of a propeller. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thrust' in WordNet: 1. (2) push, thrust - (the force used in pushing; 'the push of the water on the walls of the tank'; 'the thrust of the jet engines') WN noun 'propulsion': 1. propulsion - (a propelling force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Force . :Thrusting :wnsense "thrust1v" ; :wordnet "thrust" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Thrusting'' is an Action in which some SolidObject is caused to move some direction by an intentional Action of some part of the body that applies force to that object. The Object thrusted could be part of the body. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thrust' in WordNet: 1. (11) thrust - (push forcefully; 'He thrust his chin forward') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectingAnObjectsMovementWithaForce . :Thud :isCausedBy :Colliding ; :wnsense "clump3n", "clunk1n", "thud1n", "thump1n", "thumping1n" ; :wordnet "clump", "clunk", "thud", "thump", "thumping" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thud' in WordNet: 1. (1) thump, thumping, clump, clunk, thud - (a heavy dull sound (as made by impact of heavy objects)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Thulium :guid "bf688c5c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "69"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Tm1n", "thulium1n" ; :wordnet "Tm", "thulium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of thulium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thulium' in WordNet: 1. thulium, Tm, atomic number 69 - (a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group; isotope 170 emits X-rays and is used in small portable X-ray machines; it occurs in monazite and apatite and xenotime) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RareEarthElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Thumb :guid "bd58d56e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Hand ; :ldoce "thumb" ; :wnsense "thumb1n" ; :wordnet "thumb" ; a :FingerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialized finger opposed to the other fingers of the hand which allows the hand to grasp objects. SUMO: The thick, short Finger of each Hand. Corresponds to sense 1 of noun 'thumb' in WordNet: 1. (5) thumb, pollex - (the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Finger . :ThumbTack :wnsense "pushpin1n", "thumbtack1n" ; :wordnet "pushpin", "thumbtack" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tack'' with a short shaft and a head as wide or wider than the shaft. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thumbtack' in WordNet: 1. thumbtack, drawing pin, pushpin - (a tack for attaching papers to a bulletin board or drawing board) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tack, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThumbTacking ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WideNailHead ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :ThumbTacking a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ThumbTacking'' is using a ''ThumbTack'' to attach a ''FreeSheet'' (usually paper) to a penetrable but firm surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thumbtack' in WordNet: 1. thumbtack - (fasten with thumbtacks; \"The teacher thumbtacked the notice on the bulletin board\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thumb ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThumbTack ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfSomeStuff ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectFastened ] . :Thunder :ldoce "thunder" ; :wnsense "thunder2n" ; :wordnet "thunder" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sound caused by a bolt of lightning. This can be a single ''Boom'' or a ''RumblingSound'' and often the former followed by the latter. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thunder' WordNet. in WordNet: 2. (5) thunder - (a booming or crashing noise caused by air expanding along the path of a bolt of lightning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boom, :Emission, :ImmediateWeatherProcess, :RumblingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThunderStorm ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :ThunderStorm :wnsense "thunderstorm1n" ; :wordnet "thunderstorm" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Event of a Rainstorm with thunder. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thunderstorm' in WordNet: 1. thunderstorm, electrical storm, electric storm - (a storm resulting from strong rising air currents; heavy rain or hail along with thunder and lightning) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RainStorm . :Thursday :wnsense "Thursday1n" ; :wordnet "Thursday" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Thursdays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Thursday' in Wordnet: 1. (13) Thursday, Th - (the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weekday . :Thwarting :eng "frustratinging" ; :wnsense "baffle2v", "block2v", "blockade1v", "cross3v", "foil2v", "foiling1n", "frustrate1v", "frustration2n", "hinder2v", "obstruct1v", "queer1v", "scotch1v", "spoil5v", "stymie1v", "stymy1v", "thwart1v", "thwarting1n" ; :wordnet "baffle", "block", "blockade", "cross", "foil", "foiling", "frustrate", "frustration", "hinder", "obstruct", "queer", "scotch", "spoil", "stymie", "stymy", "thwart", "thwarting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Thwarting'' is a ''KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething'' that causes a feeling of ''Frustration'' in the agent thwarted. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'thwart' in WordNet: 1. (5) thwart, queer, spoil, scotch, foil, cross, frustrate, baffle, bilk - (hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of; 'What ultimately frustrated every challenger was Ruth's amazing September surge'; 'foil your opponent') WN verb 'block': 2. (3) obstruct, blockade, block, hinder, stymie, stymy, embarrass - (hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of; 'His brother blocked him at every turn') WN noun 'thwarting': 1. frustration, thwarting, foiling - (an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Action ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frustration ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frustrating ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Thyme :isDerivedFrom :ThymePlant ; :wnsense "thyme2n" ; :wordnet "thyme" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Parsley'' is the chopped leaves from a ''ParsleyPlant''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thyme' in WordNet: 2. thyme - (leaves can be used as seasoning for almost any meat and stews and stuffings and vegetables) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbSeasoning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThymePlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :ThymePlant :en "thyme plant" ; :enn "thyme plant" ; :wnsense "thyme1n" ; :wordnet "thyme" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyme' in WordNet: 1. thyme - (any of various mints of the genus Thymus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :Thymus :guid "be92329a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "thymus gland1n", "thymus2n" ; :wordnet "thymus", "thymus gland" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'thymus' in WordNet: 2. thymus gland, thymus - (a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity; atrophies with age) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndocrineGland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lymphocyte ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Thyroid :guid "bd58cb4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "thyroid gland1n", "thyroid1n" ; :wordnet "thyroid", "thyroid gland" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A gland in the neck which helps control metabolism (I think). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyroid' in WordNet: 1. (29) thyroid gland, thyroid - (located near the base of the neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neck ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThyroidHormone ; owl:onProperty :secretes ] . :ThyroidGland :wnsense "thyroid gland1n", "thyroid1n" ; :wordnet "thyroid", "thyroid gland" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyroid gland' in WordNet: 1. (6) thyroid gland, thyroid - (located near the base of the neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndocrineGland, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thyroxine ; owl:onProperty :secretes ] . :ThyroidHormone :wnsense "thyroid hormone1n" ; :wordnet "thyroid hormone" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyroid hormone' in WordNet: 1. (4) thyroid hormone - (any of several closely related compounds that are produced by the thyroid gland and are active metabolically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hormone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thyroid ; owl:onProperty :isSecretedBy ] . :Thyrotropin :guid "bf542ae4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "TSH1n", "thyroid-stimulating hormone1n", "thyrotrophic hormone1n", "thyrotrophin1n", "thyrotropic hormone1n", "thyrotropin1n" ; :wordnet "TSH", "thyroid-stimulating hormone", "thyrotrophic hormone", "thyrotrophin", "thyrotropic hormone", "thyrotropin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland which stimulates the thyroid gland. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyrotropin' in WordNet: 1. thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, thyrotrophin, thyrotrophic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH - (anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the function of the thyroid gland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hormone . :Thyroxine :guid "c01a45ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Iodine, :Nitrogen ; :isSecretedBy :ThyroidGland ; :wnsense "tetraiodothyronine1n", "thyroxin1n", "thyroxine1n" ; :wordnet "tetraiodothyronine", "thyroxin", "thyroxine" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PharmaceuticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$Hormone produced by the #$Thyroid. Used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thyroxine' in WordNet: 1. (9) thyroxine, thyroxin, tetraiodothyronine, T - (hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells; \"thyroxine is 65% iodine\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amine, :Hormone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThyroidGland ; owl:onProperty :isSecretedBy ] . :Thysanuron :wnsense "thysanuran insect1n", "thysanuron1n" ; :wordnet "thysanuran insect", "thysanuron" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thysanuron' in WordNet: 1. thysanuran insect, thysanuron - (primitive wingless insects: bristletail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect, :TerrestrialOrganism . :Tiara :wnsense "tiara1n" ; :wordnet "tiara" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tiara' in WordNet: 1. tiara - (a jewelled headdress worn by women on formal occasions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :HeadWear, :Jewelry, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jewel ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :TiberRiver :guid "bd58edf9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The #$TiberRiver (Tivere River) a medium-sized #$River in Italy that passes through the #$CityOfRomeItaly and empties into the #$TyrrhenianSea.""" . :Tibet :wnsense "Sitsang1n", "Thibet1n", "Tibet1n", "Xizang1n" ; :wordnet "Sitsang", "Thibet", "Tibet", "Xizang" ; a :AsianCountry ; rdfs:comment """''Tibet'' is tighty controlled by China, but is nominally not actually a part of China. Before 1948 it was an independent country, which status was not accepted by Communist China. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tibet' in WordNet: 1. (2) Tibet, Thibet, Xizang, Sitsang - (an Asian country under the control of China; located in the Himalayas) """ . :Tibetan :pertainsTo :Tibet, :TibetanPerson ; :wnsense "Tibetan1adj" ; :wordnet "Tibetan" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Tibetan' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Tibetan - (of or relating to or characteristic of Tibet or its people or their language; 'Tibetan monks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TibetanPerson :wnsense "Tibetan2n" ; :wordnet "Tibetan" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Tibetan' in WordNet: 2. Tibetan - (a native or inhabitant of Tibet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonByEthnicity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tibet ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Tibia :guid "bedab7f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shin1n", "shinbone1n", "tibia1n" ; :wordnet "shin", "shinbone", "tibia" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tibia' in WordNet: 1. tibia, shinbone, shin - (the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegBone, :LongBone . :Tick :guid "bd58df2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tick2n" ; :wordnet "tick" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wikipedia: Tick is the common name for the small arachnids in superfamily Ixodoidea that, along with other mites, constitute the Acarina. Ticks are ectoparasites (external parasites), living by hematophagy on the blood of mammals, birds, and occasionally reptiles and amphibians. Ticks are vectors of a number of diseases, including Lyme disease, Q fever, Colorado tick fever, tularemia, tick-borne relapsing fever, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis and Tick-borne meningoencephalitis, as well as anaplasmosis in cattle and canine jaundice 'The female Gulf Coast tick weighs only about 4 to 5 mg when she first gets on the host, but by the time she is bloodfed and falls back into the pasture, she may weigh a gram,' Teel said. 'She's increased her weight by 200 to 250 times.' (by Edith A. Chenault, Ag Communications : http://insects.tamu.edu/feature/tick/) 'An unengorged and engorged female blue tick weighs 0.002 g and 0.2 g,' The restriction on weight is for the unengorged tick - the weight of organisms has to be relative to some time or stage of life; @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tick' in WordNet: 2. (1) tick - (any of two families of small parasitic arachnids with barbed proboscis; feed on blood of warm-blooded animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arachnid, :BloodFeedingArthropod, :Parasite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.003"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :TickBiting :guid "c105e692-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPerformedBy :Tick ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :Biting, :BodilyFunctionEvent, :Ingesting . :Ticket :guid "bd58d45f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "ticket" ; :wnsense "ticket1n" ; :wordnet "ticket" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of (normally paper) document denoting that a person (either the bearer or a named person) has the right to obtain a specified type of service or object. A card that permits multiple services or objects to be received is not an instance of #$Ticket. An electronic ticket is a different type of record of such an authorization - not a type of #$Ticket. Common types of ticket entitle the bearer to admission to educational events or to transportation on a common carrier. SUMO: A Certificate that allows the holder to perform a specified act once, e.g. ride a bus, attend a concert, obtain a prize, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ticket' in WordNet: 1. (3) ticket - (a commercial document showing that the holder is entitled to something (as to ride on public transportation or to enter a public entertainment)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Certificate, :Paper-IBO, :TenderObject . :Tickle :eng "tickling", "tickling sensation" ; :wnsense "tickle1n" ; :wordnet "tickle" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Tickle'' is a ''SkinSensation'' that is neither pleasant nor unpleasant, but which does make one want it to stop, perhaps because it just makes one move involuntarily. It is perhaps unique in having those seemingly contradictory effects. Intentional ''Tickling'' is usually done jokingly between friends (but not adults) and is not usually resented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tickle' in WordNet: 1. tickle - (a cutaneous sensation often resulting from light stroking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkinSensation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laughter ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Tickling :guid "bd589114-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tickle1v", "titillate1v", "vellicate1v" ; :wordnet "tickle", "titillate", "vellicate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes poking or strking lightly, RHW: 1. to touch or stroke lightly with the fingers, a feather, etc., so as to excite a tingling or itching sensation in; titillate. 2. to poke some sensitive part of the body so as to excite spasmodic laughter. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tickle' in WordNet: 1. tickle, titillate, vellicate - (touch (a body part) lightly so as to excite the surface nerves and cause uneasiness, laughter, or spasmodic movements) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingAPressure, :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, :TouchingAnotherPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tickle ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Laughter ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Tidal :pertainsTo :OceanTide ; :wnsense "tidal1adj" ; :wordnet "tidal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: the most common meaning 'tidal wave' is the large wave rushing in to the shore well above the usual high-tide mark. This is not usually caused by a 'tide', but by a Earthquake. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tidal' in Wordnet: 1. tidal - (of or relating to or caused by tides; 'tidal wave') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Tide :ldoce "wonder" ; :wnsense "tide1n" ; :wordnet "tide" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tide'' is a ''Phenomenon'' (observable physical Event) in which the depth of a large body ofwater such as an Ocean or its peripheral parts rises and falls in response to gravitational pull of one astronomical object on another, as one rotates about its axis, making the pull stronger on that part of the rotating boy that is closest to the other body causing the tide. This can occur anywhere in the universe with large enough astroonmical bodies. Tides may also be caused by the pull of astronomical objects rotating about each other. On Earth the OceanTide rises and falls about every twelve hours inresponse to the gravitational pull of the Sun as the Earth rotates. Interestingly,the tides rise on opposite sides of the earth at the same time,thus the twelve hour period. This illustrates the interaction of centripetal force along with gravitational pull. Includes but is broader than sense 1 in WN. Also, the moon is main player in Earth tides. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'tide' in WordNet: 1. (5) tide - (the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, :Phenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Periodic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AstronomicalBody ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Tidy :isTheOppositeOf :Untidy ; :ldoce "neat", "tidy" ; :wnsense "neat1adj", "orderly5adj", "tidy1adj", "tidy2adj" ; :wordnet "neat", "orderly", "tidy" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of things (objects, locations, documents) that are orderly (sense 1 of WordNet 'neat'). For 'tidy' describing a person's habitual behavior, use 'Neat'. Includes adjective sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'tidy' and adjective sense 1 of 'neat' and part of sense 5 of 'orderly' ('an orderly desk') in WordNet. The sense of 'neat' referring to habits of people is represented by 'Neat'': in WordNet: 1. (9) neat - (clean or orderly; 'her neat dress'; 'a neat room') WN adjective 'tidy': 1. tidy - (marked by good order and cleanliness in appearance or habits; 'a tidy person'; 'a tidy house'; 'a tidy mind') 2. kempt, tidy - ((of hair) neat and tidy; 'a nicely kempt beard') WN adjective 'orderly': 5. orderly - (marked by or adhering to method or system; 'a clean orderly man'; 'an orderly mind'; 'an orderly desk') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :Tidying :wnsense "neaten1v", "straighten out6v", "tidy up1v", "tidy1v" ; :wordnet "neaten", "straighten out", "tidy", "tidy up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Tidying'' is an Action in which some agent causes a Place (usually a room or closet) to go from ''Messy'', or disordered to a ''Tidy'' condition. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tidy' in WordNet: 1. tidy, tidy up, clean up, neaten, straighten, straighten out, square away - (put (things or places) in order; 'Tidy up your room!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tidy ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Untidy ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MessingSomethingUp ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :TieScore :wnsense "tie3n", "tie6n" ; :wordnet "tie" ; a :EventType, :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TieScore' is a 'GameScore' in which the numerical results for both teams (in a two-team context) are equal. This is not necessarily a final score. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 6 of 'tie' in WordNet, and includes a final core of 'tie' (sense 3) - represented separately as the subtype 'Draw'. in WordNet: 3. (3) draw, standoff, tie - (the finish of a contest in which the score is tied and the winner is undecided; 'the game ended in a draw'; 'their record was 3 wins, 6 losses and a tie') 6. tie - (equality of score in a contest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameScore . :Tier a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Tier'' includes layers of a multi-tiered wedding cake, and the 'tiers' extending from the walls of a theater. This includes three senses of 'tier' in RHW. RHW non 'tier': 1. one of a series of rows or ranks rising one behind or above another, as of seats in an amphitheater, boxes in a theater, guns in a man-of-war, or oars in an ancient galley. 2. one of a number of galleries, as in a theater. 3. a layer; level; stratum: The wedding cake had six tiers. All three tiers of the firm's management now report to one director. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'tier' in WordNet: 5. tier - (one of two or more layers one atop another; 'tier upon tier of huge casks'; 'a three-tier wedding cake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Layer . :TiffanyGlass :hasQualitativeAttribute :Colored, :Opalescent ; :wnsense "Tiffany glass1n" ; :wordnet "Tiffany glass" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TiffanyGlass'' is a ''StainedGlass'' made popular by the Tiffany company, famous mostly for its use in lamps.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tiffany glass' in WordNet: 1. Tiffany glass - (a kind of opalescent colored glass that was used in the early 1900s for stained-glass windows and lamps) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetlikeSubstance, :StainedGlass . :Tiger :guid "bd58a356-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tiger" ; :wnsense "tiger2n" ; :wordnet "tiger" ; a :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Two different subtypes, Indian and Siberian. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tiger' in WordNet: 2. (1) tiger, Panthera tigris - (large feline of forests in most of Asia having a tawny coat with black stripes; endangered) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BigCat, :DangerousAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Striped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tight :en "in tightly", "on tight", "tightly packed" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Loose ; :ldoce "tight" ; :wnsense "firm3adj", "strong10adj", "tight1adj" ; :wordnet "firm", "strong", "tight" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Tight' is an AttributeValue of groups of ArtifactObjects, usually two objects, whose contact is firm and constant, and for which the points of contact between the objects does not vary due to moderate movement or changes in orientation of the object group. The basic meaning is that there is *some* physical force causing the objects to remain in contact in such a way that some part of the surface of one remains directly touching some part (often the same part) of the surface of the other object. This is for objects such as artifacts in a container, cords or strings wrapped arond and knotted, nuts and bolts screwed tightly. @ToDo: some indication of a force required to keep things tight? This would exclude 'tight' formations of objects. NOTE: for tight-fitting restrictive clothing use ''TightFitting''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'tight' in WordNet: 1. (10) tight - (closely constrained or constricted or constricting; 'tight skirts'; 'he hated tight starched collars'; 'fingers closed in a tight fist'; 'a tight feeling in his chest') WN adj 'firm': 3. (6) firm, strong - (strong and sure; 'a firm grasp'; 'gave a strong pull on the rope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Tight-Knit :wnsense "tight-knit1adj", "tightly knit1adj" ; :wordnet "tight-knit", "tightly knit" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tight-Knit'' is a subattribute of ''Organized'' characterizing a ''GroupOfPeople' in which the members are connected by close communication and social bonds, though not every member necessarily interacts with every other member; this can be applied to a Organization of more than a few dozen people. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tight-knit' in Wordnet: 1. tight-knit, tightly knit - (closely and firmly integrated; 'a tight-knit organization') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organized . :TightFitting :isAnAttributeValueOf :Clothing, :ClothingItem ; :isTheOppositeOf :Baggy, :LooseFitting ; :wnsense "tight-fitting1adj", "tightly fitting1adj" ; :wordnet "tight-fitting", "tightly fitting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''\"TightFitting'' is a higher degree of 'CloseFitting' for clothing relative to a specific ''Person'' in which the ''ClothingItem'' is too small to fit comfortably on that Person. This sense of ''TightFitting'' is the attribute of a Garment the cloth of which touches the skin in most of the body parts covered, and causes some perceptible resistance to movement of those body parts. For Devices having parts that fit into each other, use ''Tight''. 'skinny' is seldom used in this sense - not included in the synonym labels. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tight-fitting' in Wordnet: 1. tight-fitting, tightly fitting, skinny - (fitting snugly; 'a tightly-fitting cover'; 'tight-fitting clothes') For artifacts that fit together 'tightly' use ''Tight''. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'tight' in Wordnet: 1. (10) tight - (closely constrained or constricted or constricting; 'tight skirts'; 'he hated tight starched collars'; 'fingers closed in a tight fist'; 'a tight feeling in his chest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CloseFitting . :Tightening :en "fastening", "tightening" ; :wnsense "fasten4v", "tighten1v" ; :wordnet "fasten", "tighten" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tightening'' is any action that makes an assembly of two or more objects ''Tight'', not prone to slide against or rattle against each other. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tighten' in WordNet: 1. (8) tighten, fasten - (make tight or tighter; 'Tighten the wire') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImpartingAnAttribute, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tight ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loosening ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Tightlipped :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :KeepingaSecret ; :wnsense "close15adj", "closelipped1adj", "closemouthed1adj", "secretive1adj", "tightlipped1adj" ; :wordnet "close", "closelipped", "closemouthed", "secretive", "tightlipped" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tightlipped'' is a subattribute of ''Uncommunicative'' and ''Trustworthy'' and ''Discreet'', specifically characterizing a Person who can be trusted to refrain from revealing confidential or secret or proprietary information they possess. Such a Person can be trusted to perform a ''KeepingaSecret'' when appropriate. Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 1 of 'tightlipped' in Wordnet: 1. close, closelipped, closemouthed, secretive, tightlipped - (inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information; 'although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Discreet, :Trustworthy, :Uncommunicative . :Tightly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Tight ; :wnsense "tightly1adv", "tightly2adv" ; :wordnet "tightly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tightly'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the two or more specified or implied objects that interact have strong forces pushing them together or holding them together. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'tightly' in WordNet: 1. (4) tightly - (in a tight or constricted manner; 'a tightly packed pub') 2. (1) tightly - (securely fixed or fastened; 'the window was tightly sealed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Tightrope :wnsense "tightrope1n" ; :wordnet "tightrope" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tightrope'' is a strong ''PieceOfRope'' fastened tightly at both ends and held firmly in a horizontal orientation, designed to support a ''TightropeWalker'' (or other acrobats) while that Person walks across the gap between two supporting platforms that the ''Tightrope'' bridges. This type represents a ''Tightrope'' that is fastened horizontally in place and able to hold the ''TightropeWalker''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tightrope' in WordNet: 1. tightrope - (tightly stretched rope or wire on which acrobats perform high above the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfRope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strong ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Taut ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TightropeWalker ; owl:onProperty :isUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TightropeWalker ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ] . :TightropeWalker :wnsense "funambulist1n", "tightrope walker1n" ; :wordnet "funambulist", "tightrope walker" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TightropeWalker'' is a ''Person'' who performs ''TightropeWalking'', whether as part of a ''Circus''or as an individual act. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tightrope walker' in WordNet: 1. funambulist, tightrope walker - (an acrobat who performs on a tightrope or slack rope) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gymnast . :TigrisRiver :guid "bd58eba0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The Tigris River, a river of historical significance, flowing from the confluence of rivers in E. #$Turkey, down to its confluence with the #$EuphratesRiver whereafter it becomes the #$ShattAlArabRiver that flows into the #$PersianGulf.""" . :Tilak :en "tilak" ; :enn "tilak" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'tilak': a distinctive spot of colored powder or paste worn on the forehead by Hindu men and women as a religious symbol. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousForeheadMark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HinduPerson ; owl:onProperty :isMostlyWornBy ] . :Tile :guid "bd590a2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "roofing tile1n", "tile1n", "tile2n" ; :wordnet "roofing tile", "tile" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of pieces of the material Tile, in sheets. ''Tile'' is usually flat, but the curved tiles on Mediterraean style roofs are also instances. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'tile' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tile - (a flat thin rectangular slab (as of fired clay or rubber or linoleum) used to cover surfaces) 2. tile, roofing tile - (a thin flat slab of fired clay used for roofing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :FlatObject, :SolidObject . :Till :wnsense "cashbox1n", "money box2n", "till3n" ; :wordnet "cashbox", "money box", "till" ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'till' in WordNet: 3. cashbox, money box, till - (a strongbox for holding cash) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strongbox . :Tiller :wnsense "tiller1n" ; :wordnet "tiller" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The lever attached to the rudder, used to steer a boat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tiller' in WordNet: 3. tiller - (lever used to turn the rudder on a boat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :Lever, :SteeringDevice, :VehicleController, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :steers ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Boat ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShipsStern ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rudder ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :TillingSoil :en "tilling" ; :wnsense "till1v" ; :wordnet "till" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TillingSoil'' is a ''ShapingSomething'' in which soil is prepared for seeding. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'till' in WordNet: 1. till - (work land as by ploughing, harrowing, and manuring, in order to make it ready for cultivation; 'till the soil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparingForSituation, :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sowing ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ] . :Time-Consuming :isAnAttributeValueOf :ExertingEffort, :HardWork, :Task ; :isTheOppositeOf :Effortless ; :wnsense "time-consuming1adj" ; :wordnet "time-consuming" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'time-consuming' in Wordnet: 1. time-consuming - (of a task that takes time and patience) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TimeAdverb a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TimeAdverb' is a word or phrase that specifies some interval of time during which the assertion or question applies. Examples: 'always'; 'ever'; 'up till now'; 'within his lifetime'. In COSMO, adverbs are LogicalFunctions that take as their argument some Event, and return an Event (usually of the same type), with one of its case roles modified. A 'TimeAdverb' modifies the 'when' case role.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adverb . :TimeAgo :ldoce "ago" ; :wnsense "ago1adj", "ago1adv" ; :wordnet "ago" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TimeAgo is a TimeInterval or TimePoint whose location in time is specified relative to the 'Now' that is contained or implied in an assertion. 'That happened forty years ago' is an example of a linguistic expression that uses such a relative time. In such expressions, the word 'ago' serves as a function to take the specified time interval ('forty years') and the implied time 'Now' to return a TemporalLocation at which the referenced Event happened.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'ago' in WordNet: WN adjective 'ago': 1. ago, agone - (gone by; or in the past; 'two years ago'; ''agone' is an archaic word for 'ago'') WN adverb 'ago': 1. (82) ago - (in the past; 'long ago'; 'sixty years ago my grandfather came to the U.S.') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPriorToNowByInterval ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeMeasure ] . :TimeAndPlace a :ContextType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TimeAndPlace is a GenericLocation during some interval of time. It is a four-dimensional spatial region in the way that a time-slice of a PhysicalObject is a four-dimensional Object. These concepts are related inheriting the character of the TimeSlice Type. this is a SpatiotemporalRegion that has an explicit location and an explicit time interval specified. The location is generic, therefore it can be defined relative to some object; i.e. one can specify the location of the heart of an individual person over some period of time as an instance of this Type. NOTE: That 'TimeAndPlace' is a subtype of GenericLocation, as well as of SpatiotemporalRegion. Although *almost* all GenericLocations are exclusively spatial, 'TimeAndPlace' is spatiotemporal, being a region of space-time that specifies some region of space over some interval of time. Use of an instance of 'TimeAndPlace' as an argument of a location relation allows one to include the important time interval qualifier in location relations, even though one is using only binary relations. this would not be necessary in a representation with higher-arity relations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComplexContext, :CompositeConcept, :Context, :GenericLocation, :SpatiotemporalRegion, :TimeSlice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialRegion ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] . :TimeClassificationSystem a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TimeClassificationSystem'' is a ''KnowledgeOrganizationSystem'' that classifies ''TimeInterval''s into various types, including recurring periods of time (years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds) and also time units that measure intervals of time, and may provide methods for measuring time units or for specifying a reference point for the beginning or ending of specific named time intervals. For example, as ''Calendar'' can classify time intervals into years, months, weeks, and days, and specify how they should be numbered or named and the reference point for when numbering in some era starts. Different cultures have differnt calendars; the Western (Gregrian) calendar is the most familiar. For units of time, one example is the 'CGS' units system, which includes time as well as length and mass as basic units defined inreference to each other. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KnowledgeOrganizationSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RecurringTimeInterval ; owl:onProperty :organizesTopic ] . :TimeDependentQuantity a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A UnaryConstantFunction of continuous time. All instances of this Class map a time quantity into another ConstantQuantity such as temperature. For example, 'the temperature at the top of the Empire State Building' is a TimeDependentQuantity since its value depends on the time.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity . :TimeDimension :ldoce "time" ; :wnsense "time7n" ; :wordnet "time" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TimeDimension'is the dimension of time in our SpaceTime; it is a subtype of the more abstract 'DimensionOfCausality'. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'time' in WordNet: 7. (33) fourth dimension, time - (the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DimensionOfCausality . :TimeDuration :en "amount of time", "length of time", "quantity of time" ; :guid "bd5880a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "period", "time" ; :wnsense "continuance2n", "duration1n", "duration3n", "length2n", "period1n", "time period1n" ; :wordnet "continuance", "duration", "length", "period", "time period" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quantity of time - any measure of length of time, with or without respect to the universal timeline. This concept is usually used as a measure of the length of time during which some Event took place, or is expected or planned to take place. The beginning and end of a ''TimeDuration'' should coincide with the beginning and end of some 'Event'' that is identified by some criteria, objective or subjective, that apply for the full time interval of the ''TimeDuration''. For specific intervals of time located on the universal time line, use 'TimeInterval'. Approximately corresponds to CYC 'Time-Quantity' CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Time-Quantity is a physical quantity, corresponding to a certain amount of time , that can be possessed by #$TemporalThings. The #$Time-Quantity had by a given thing represents the total amount of time that the thing exists, occurs over, or endures; see #$duration. Consider a sentence of the form (#$duration TEMPTHING TIMEQUANT). If TEMPTHING is a #$SomethingExisting, the sentence means that TEMPTHING exists for a lifetime that is TIMEQUANT in duration. If TEMPTHING is an #$Event, the sentence means that TEMPTHING (fully) transpires over an interval of time that is TIMEQUANT in duration. If TEMPTHING is itself a #$TimeInterval (q.v.), the sentence means that TEMPTHING has a duration of TIMEQUANT. The standard unit of #$Time-Quantity in Cyc is #$SecondsDuration (q.v.); but there are other ways to specify an amount of time, e.g. with other instances of #$UnitOfMeasure (such as #$WeeksDuration and #$YearsDuration) or with instances of #$Time-Quantity (such as #$LongTime, #$Immediately, and #$AFewDecadesDuration). This type corresponds approximately to sense 4 of 'time' in RHW: 4. a limited period or interval, as between two successive events: a long time. There is not sense of 'time' in WordNet that appears to cover this type. Includes noun sense 1 of 'period' and sense 1 of 'time period' and noun sense 1 of 'duration' in WordNet, However, 'Picasso's blue Period' should be a \"TimeInterval, a specific period in time. in WordNet: 1. (656) time period, period of time, period - (an amount of time; 'a time period of 30 years'; 'hastened the period of time of his recovery'; 'Picasso's blue period') WN noun 'duration': 3. (1) duration, length - (continuance in time; 'the ceremony was of short duration'; 'he complained about the length of time required') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnitOfTime ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :Quantifier ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :existsInContext ] . :TimeDuration-Years :en "time duration in years" ; :enn "time duration in years" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """instances of ''TimeDuration-Years'' only need to specify the Quantifier. The unit of measure is 'years'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeDuration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :years ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ] . :TimeIndexedAssertion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of TimeIndexedAssertion is a RelationInstance which includes, explicitly or implicitly, some RelationInstance that specifies the time (time point or time interval) at which that RelationInstance holds. The time can be included explicitly when multiple-arity relations are used: {Jack was Running from DTEG20080530.1210 to DTEG20080530.1225} Alternatively, one if the elements (such as the subject) could be specified as a TimeSlice, and the time interval for the TimeSlice would be interpreted as applying to the entire TimeIndexedAssertion: {JackFrom20080530.1210to20080530.1225 was Running} . . . where 'JackFrom20080530.1210to20080530.1225' is a TimeSlice of Jack (see 'TimeSlice'). That format can be used in OWL where only binary relations are allowed, to specify the state of an object in particular time intervals; {JackFrom20080530.1225to20080530.1300 hasAttributeValue Exhausted} AttributeValues can also be represented as TimeSlices, and used in a TimeIndexedAssertion to index the value of the whole Assertion. NOTE that a differential equation that includes a derivative with respect to time is also an instance of TimeIndexedAssertion. Specifically, each instance of DifferentialTimeEquation will be an instance of TimeIndexedAssertion. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelationInstance . :TimeInterval :BFO "ConnectedTemporalRegion" ; :ldoce "period", "time" ; :wnsense "interval1n", "period1n", "time interval1n", "time2n" ; :wordnet "interval", "period", "time", "time interval" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """TimeInterval is not a quantity of time (what is measured by a stopwatch, and represented by 'TimeDuration'), but a specific region of the time line, what is measured by a calendar and clock (in our real world or in some hypothetical world). NOTE that it is not necessary that a TimeInterval be measured from some universal fixed point, such as 0 AD; any point on the time line may be used as the base reference point for a TimeInterval - but some reference point in time and relativity frame must be specified or implied; default for events is the standard time for the location of the event, or Universal time UTC, if event is not on Earth. This represents a continuous time interval with no measurable breaks. For a time interval that has breaks (pauses, interruptions) use ''TimeIntervalGroup''. Recurring time intervals, such as calendar spring, can be viewed as an element of some ''TimeIntervalGroup'', but those classes in COSMO in themselves are subtypes of ''TimeInterval''. Each TimeInterval has some length of time, a 'TimeDuration', related by the property 'hasDuration'; but as of rev977 COSMO does not require specifying the length of time. It may be implied in the beginning and ending time, if they are specified. Called: TimeInterval(Cyc); TimeInterval(SUMO - but SUMO requires contiguous intervals); time-interval(DOLCE) or period_in_time(ISO15926); the BFO equivalents of TimeInterval ('TemporalInterval') and TimePoint ('TemporalInstant') are disjoint in BFO, but a TimePoint is a subtype of TimeInterval in COSMO. For a quantity of time, use 'TimeDuration'. COSMO NOTE: as a convenience, a calendar time interval can be given a name that conforms to the conventions of one of the DateTime strings defined in COSMO, such as a 'DateTimeExtendedGroup', providing an opportunity for an interpreter to recognize the referenced time interval solely from the name of the instance. See the example used in defining the TimeAndPlace 'WorldTradeCenter20010911'. In Cyc, TimeInterval is not a measure. SUMO: An interval of time. Note that a TimeInterval has both an extent and a location on the universal timeline. Note too that a TimeInterval has no gaps, i.e. this class contains only convex time intervals. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 A specialization of #$TemporalThing. Each instance of #$TimeInterval is a temporal thing characterized fully by its temporal attributes. For example, the year A.D. 1967 is an instance of #$TimeInterval; although many interesting things happened during that year, the year itself is completely defined by its temporal extent. On the other hand, the event of Neil Armstrong's walking on the Moon is an #$Event and not a #$TimeInterval, since it is not fully characterized by its temporal extent or other temporal attributes. Specializations of #$TimeInterval include #$CalendarYear, #$CalendarMonth, and #$FiscalQuarter. DOLCE: a region - (Space and Time are special kinds of regions, i.e. AttributeValues or measures) A temporal region, measured according to a calendar. NOTE that a redundant subtype link to 'SituationProcessEventOrState' is included just to make it easier to find TimeInterval in a drill-down search. BFO 'ConnectedTemporalRegion': BFO: Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. BFO: Examples: the 1970s years, the time from the beginning to the end of a heart attack, the time taken up by cellular meiosis. Only part of sense 1 of 'period' in WordNet seems to corresponds to a definite located interval of time ('Picasso's blue period') In WordNet: 1. (656) time period, period of time, period - (an amount of time; 'a time period of 30 years'; 'hastened the period of time of his recovery'; 'Picasso's blue period') WN Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'time' in WordNet, but a WN 'TimeInterval' can be very specific as to starting and ending TimePoints: 2. (355) time - (an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); 'he waited a long time'; 'the time of year for planting'; 'he was a great actor in his time') WN also sense 1 of 'interval: 1. (10) time interval, interval - (a definite length of time marked off by two instants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemporalRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TimeDuration ; owl:onProperty :hasDuration ] . :TimeIntervalGroup :BFO "ScatteredTemporalRegion" ; :en "time interval group", "time interval grouping" ; a :GroupType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TimeIntervalGroup'' is used when a 'TemporalLocation'' is not one continuous stretch of Time on the real time line, but composed of more than one continuous stretches of time. If one wants to represent all the Sundays in a specific month, an instance of ''TimeIntervalGroup'' would be appropriate. BFO: 'ScatteredTemporalRegion': BFO: Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is not mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. BFO: Examples: the time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :TemporalRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :TimeIntervalType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TimeIntervalType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TimeIntervalType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for TimeIntervals, and can and an argument restriction for various relations on TimeInterval types. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemporalLocationType . :TimeLine :ldoce "history" ; :wnsense "history1n", "history2n", "timeline1n" ; :wordnet "history", "timeline" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of 'Event's, usually in chronological order, in most of which some focal entity appears as a participant. A 'TimeLine' does not have to be comprehensive, but should have some indication of the ordering in time for the Events included. This can be a summary of past (e.g. Historical) events, or a projection of Events planned or expected in the future. Coresponds approximately to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'history' in WordNet, and includes the more specialized Group of Events represented in a graphical 'timeline', but is not the graphical entity itself: in WordNet: 1. (379) history - (the aggregate of past events; 'a critical time in the school's history') 2. (110) history - (the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future; 'all of human history') WN 'Timeline\": 1. timeline - (a sequence of related events arranged in chronological order and displayed along a line (usually drawn left to right or top to bottom)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup . :TimeMeasure a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A measure of a quantity of time, *not* a specific time point on the universal time line. COSMO note: we distinguish TimeMeasures - physical measures that relate to time (timeintervals or time points) - from the TimePositions - the actual locations in our real time. The latter are classified under 'TemporalLocation'. The usage of this Type here differs from that in SUMO. For DateTime see 'TemporalLocation'. SUMO: The class of temporal durations (instances of TimeDuration) and positions of TimePoints and TimeIntervals along the universal timeline (instances of TimePosition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity, :GranularityValue . :TimeOfAnEvent :wnsense "timing1n" ; :wordnet "timing" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TimeOfAnEvent''' is a ''DateTimePoint'', a specific point on the TimeLine when something occurs. Nominally the value is a TimePoint,but the accuracy is not specified for this type. This is a measured TimePoint for some specific Event, , not a generic time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'timing' in WordNet: 1. (6) timing - (the time when something happens) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateTimePoint, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTimeOfEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Event ] . :TimeOfAnOccurrance :wnsense "continuance2n", "duration1n" ; :wordnet "continuance", "duration" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TimeOfOccurrance'' is a ''TimeInterval' during which some specified ''Event' (or EventType) occurs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'duration' in WordNet: 1. (5) duration, continuance - (the period of time during which something continues) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ] . :TimeOfDay :ldoce "time" ; :wnsense "clock time1n", "time of day1n", "time6n" ; :wordnet "clock time", "time", "time of day" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of RecurringTimeIntervals that occure every day and are defined by reference to either the 'clock time' after midnight, or by some daily Event such as sunrise or sunset or dusk. By COSMO convention, a TimeOfDay may represent a TimeInterval, but may also be interpreted as the TimePoint at the beginning of that TimeInterval. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time of day' in WordNet: 1. hour, time of day - (clock time; 'the hour is getting late') WN includes noun sense 6 of 'time' in WordNet. 6. (35) clock time, time - (the time as given by a clock; 'do you know what time it is?'; 'the time is 10 o'clock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval . :TimeOfDeath :en "time of death" ; :ldoce "death" ; :wnsense "death3n" ; :wordnet "death" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TimeOfDeath' is the TimePoint at which some organism (or cellular part of an organism) died, i.e. when the 'Death' Event came to and end. It may not be known precisely, but is re[presented as a TimePoint, it being understood that this may be an approximation. For the more time when something inanimate 'died' , use the parent type 'DeathTime'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 3 of 'death' in WordNet: 3. (62) death, last - (the time at which life ends; continuing until dead; 'she stayed until his death'; 'a struggle to the last') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeathTime . :TimeOfOrigin a :TimePointOfReference . :TimePoint :BFO "TemporalInstant" ; :ldoce "point", "time" ; :wnsense "point in time1n", "point6n", "time6n" ; :wordnet "point", "point in time", "time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TimePoint is a closed interval of time having zero length. The beginning TimePoint and Ending TimePoint are identical for any given TimePoint. The representation of a TimePoint as a zero-length time interval is only an alternate view of a TimePoint. (=> (isanInstanceOf ?TP TimePoint) (and (hasStartingTimePoint ?TP ?TP) (hasEndingTimePoint ?TP ?TP))) A TimePoint is classified here as a subclass of TimeInterval because we adopt the interpretation that a time interval of zero length duration is indistinguishable from a time point. We know from special relativity that time may proceed at different rates in objects that are moving relative to each other, so all time values must be relative to some clock. In the absence of any explicit clock designation, the NIST atomic clock signals transmitted from Boulder Colorado are considered as the clock of reference. A TimePoint may be represented by a limit expression, e.g. 'before Jan 1 2008', or by a range ('some time point between Jan 1 200 and Jan 1 2008'). This allows incomplete time information to be entered when not known exactly. This may be implemented by a functional expression, but is not yet formalized in COSMO version 0.44. ******* COSMO NOTE on BFO 'TimeInstant' (= 'TemporalInstant') ************ COSMO note: in COSMO, time points are subtypes of TimeInterval, so the 'disjoint' relation in BFO between TimePoint and TimeInterval was removed. BFO: owl:disjointWith rdf:resource= '#TemporalInterval' BFO rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource= '#ConnectedTemporalRegion' BFO Definition: A connected temporal region comprising a single moment of time. BFO Examples: right now, the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident, the moment at which a child is born, the moment of death COSMO technical note: 'Time' cannot be measured with absolute precision; thus the linguistic term for 'time point' is technically indistinguishable from a ''TimeInterval'' with an immeasurably short duration. Thus it presents potential technical contradiction to assert disjointness between a time point and a time interval. References to 'time point' in ordinary language can appear to be meaningful (as in 'Ms. X became president at 12 AM on January 1st') but cannot be proven different from an assertion that she became president in some immeasurably small time interval including January 1. Thus TimePoint is a subtype of ''TimeInterval'' in COSMO, not disjoint. ******* COSMO NOTE on BFO 'TimeInstant' ************ Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'point' and sense 1 of 'point in time' and includes sense 6 of 'time' in WordNet: 6. (9) point, point in time - (an instant of time; 'at that point I had to leave') WN 'time': 6. (35) clock time, time - (the time as given by a clock; 'do you know what time it is?'; 'the time is 10 o'clock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval . :TimePointOfReference a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TimePointOfreference is a TimePoint that is used to refer to the aspectual attribute of some Situation (i.e. SituationProcessEventOrState), i.e. an Event will be present, past, or future depending on the TimePointOfReference in the MentalObject that refers to that Situation.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime, :TimePoint . :TimePosition a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this is here for alignment with SUMO. actual Time Positions are represented in this ontology under 'TemporalLocation'. This type here is a measure of time location, not an actual time location itself; for example, it might be a measure represented on a clock-calendar. SUMO: Any TimePoint or TimeInterval along the universal timeline from BeginningOfTime to EndOfTime.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeMeasure . :TimeSlice :ldoce "during" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TimeSlice is a temporal part of some entity - a PhysicalObject Role, or GenericLocation, or an Event (in which case it is also a subevent); it can also be used to specify the interval during which an Attribute holds (see below for more). In a four-dimensional (perdurantism) treatment of objects, this would be a part of a four-dimensional object. Every TimeSlice has a time at which it begins and a time at which it ends, specified by 'hasStartingTimePoint' and 'hasEndingTimePoint'; it is continuous, and the TimeSlice exists at every time point between the beginning and ending times. Because a TimeSlice is not disjoint with anything else, this allows one to create four-dimensional time slices of physical objects (or physical locations) by creating an instance of an object that is also an instance of a TimeSlice, and specifying the beginning and ending time points. Such an object could be used as an argument in a binary relation, thereby including the intended time interval in the relation. This usage creates an interpretation of entities in this ontology that may seem at variance with both the traditional 'endurantist' and 'perdurantist' interpretations. It is closer to the 'perdurantist' in that the object without specification of its time slice may be interpreted as the whole-life object, but there is a major difference: the COSMO leaves open the possibility of specifying that a relation on an object holds during some interval of time - and that is not consistent with traditional four-dimensionalist usage. To some extent, the difference in usage can be interpreted as only a difference in the syntactic means of expressing the same meaning with alternate notations. The COSMO usage permits more flexibility in the way relations can be specified within temporal boundaries. COSMO use of TimeSlice can also be applied to Attributes, as an alternative means of specifying the time interval during which an Attribute applies to an Object (instead of using a TimeSlice of the subject in the relation). Specifying the TimeSlice on the Attribute is equivalent specifying the TimeSlice on the Object. So: (hasAttribute FireEngine21 RedColor_DTI_20080101_20080130) . . . means that FireEngine21 was red from Jan_01_2008 to Jan_30_2008, This is equivalent to: (hasAttribute FireEngine21_DTI_20080101_20080130 RedColor) . . . and also to (in ESKIF): {FireEngine21 was Red, from Jan_01_2008 to Jan_30_2008}. The latter usage raises an important point. Since, in COSMO, a PersistentState represents an Attribute or set of Attributes that remains constant over some interval of Time; To represent an Object as having some Attribute remain constant over some interval of Time (either explicitly, or as a TimeSlice) is logically equivalent to specifying the existence of a PersistentState for that Object over that time interval. The different ways of representing that situation are different views, and could be translated if there was a reason to do so. NOTE that this type can be used to specify that some assertion was true in ('during') some TimeInterval, so this maps linguistically to the Longman word 'during'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TemporalThing . :TimeSlot :wnsense "slot3n", "time slot1n" ; :wordnet "slot", "time slot" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TimeSlot'' is a ''TimeInterval'' that may be used for some Activity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time slot' in WordNet: 1. time slot, slot - (a time assigned on a schedule or agenda; 'the TV program has a new time slot'; 'an aircraft landing slot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval . :TimeTable :ldoce "timetable" ; :wnsense "timetable1n" ; :wordnet "timetable" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractDocument that represents the time points when Events in a Schedule are expected to happen. Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'timetable' in WordNet: 1. (1) timetable - (a schedule listing events and the times at which they will take place) 2. timetable - (a schedule of times of arrivals and departures) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument . :TimeTravel :guid "be7438a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """TimeTravel may be physically impossible in the 'RealWorld', but instances in fictional contexts are also instances of COSMO 'TimeTravel'. NOTE: CYC parent ''GeneralizedTransfer'' is an Event in COSMO, and would be disjoint with a ''FictionalThing'', which is a MentalObject. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer. Each instance of #$TimeTravel is an #$Event in which an agent travels through time , i.e. somehow travels into the past or into the future (at a rate significantly faster than we ordinarily travel into the future). There is no widespread agreement on whether time travel is possible; if it is impossible, then #$TimeTravel has no instances. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FictionalEvent . :TimeZone :guid "c0fbe2d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "time zone1n" ; :wordnet "time zone" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A region usually extending from the north pole(?) to the south pole(?) within which standard time is uniform. Some TimeZones are irregular and do not follow lines of longitude. For each TimeZone, The eastern adjacent time zone is usually one hour ahead and the western adjacent time zone is one hour behind. There are a few exceptions where one TimeZone is skipped between two others. COSMO note: in SUMO a TimeZone is an attribute, a usage differing from that in COSMO. SUMO: An Attribute which is used to specify coordinates in which time measures are uniform, i.e. all time devices are synchronized to the same TimePositions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time zone' in WordNet: 1. time zone - (any of the 24 regions of the globe (loosely divided by longitude) throughout which the same standard time is used) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion . :TimedClassType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TimedClassType' is a special metaclass used to allow the assertion, within the OWL format, of time limits on assertion of QualitativeAttributes for things. This special mechanism is used because in COSMO QualitativeAttributes are types (owl:classes), and the 'instances' of QualitativeAttributes cannot be made instances of TimeSlice to allow assertion of time limits on their applicability. To use this, an assertion of a QualitativeAttribute within a time interval requires that a new class representing that attribute in that time interval be created when the time-indexed assertion is made. See 'AliveDuring1943-2014' and 'PatrickCassidy' for an example of use.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingTimePoint ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeInterval ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingTimePoint ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeInterval ] . :Timeless :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :PersistingEvent ; :wnsense "dateless4adj", "timeless1adj" ; :wordnet "dateless", "timeless" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Timeless'' is an attribute of something that lasts so long it seems to be able to last forever. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'timeless' in Wordnet: 1. dateless, timeless - (unaffected by time; 'few characters are so dateless as Hamlet'; 'Helen's timeless beauty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Static, :Unchanged . :Timely :wnsense "timely1adj" ; :wordnet "timely" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'timely' in Wordnet: 1. (3) timely - (before a time limit expires; 'the timely filing of his income tax return') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Timepiece :wnsense "horologe1n", "timekeeper3n", "timepiece1n" ; :wordnet "horologe", "timekeeper", "timepiece" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device that measures the passage of Time, whether or not it displays that measurement; ; an internal clock inside a digital computer that synchronizes its processes is an instance of 'Timepiece'. For a self-contained timepiece dedicated primarily to the display of the *current* ''TimeOfDay'', use subtype ''Clock''. CYC: A specialization of #$MechanicalDevice. Each instance of #$Clock is a device designed to be used to keep track of time. SUMO: Any Device that measures and represents TimeDuration or TimePosition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'timepiece' in WordNet: 1. (1) timepiece, timekeeper, horologe - (a measuring instrument or device for keeping time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasuringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimeMeasure ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :Timer :guid "bd5b1d6f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "timer1n", "timer3n" ; :wordnet "timer" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A type of time measurement device that can be set for a particular amount of time. When activated, it will begin counting the time, and will finish when that amount of time has passed. Sometimes a timer will activate a bell or something to let the user know the time is up, but timers can also be used to activate other devices. NOTE: a ''Sandglass'' or ''Hourglass'' is not an instance, as the time it counts is present and cannot be changed. NOTE: this includes timers, for example, in an oven or microwave that turn off the device when the desired time of cooking is completed. This can also be used for the combination of devices with a computer application that performs that function and alerts the computer user when a time interval is completed or activates some other application at that time. For the kind of timepiece that measures a time interval (''TimeDuration'') use ''Stopwatch''. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'timer' in WordNet: 1. (1) timer - (a timepiece that measures a time interval and signals its end) 3. timer - (a regulator that activates or deactivates a mechanism at set times) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Timepiece, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TimeDuration ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :Times :wnsense "times1n" ; :wordnet "times" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Times'' is a ''TimeInterval'' during which some specified Event happened, such as the dominance of some Country or prominent Person, as in 'Roman times'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'times' in WordNet: 1. (13) times - (a more or less definite period of time in history) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval . :Timid :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Timidity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Audacious ; :wnsense "fearful4adj", "timid1adj", "timid2adj", "timid3adj", "timorous1adj" ; :wordnet "fearful", "timid", "timorous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is feeling ''Timidity'', a Feeling that is a more intense version of 'Reluctant'' and makes one *very* reluctant to perform an action that is perceived as risky.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'timid ' in WordNet: 1. (3) timid - (showing fear and lack of confidence) 2. diffident, shy, timid, unsure - (lacking self-confidence; 'stood in the doorway diffident and abashed'; 'problems that call for bold not timid responses'; 'a very unsure young man') 3. faint, fainthearted, timid, faint-hearted - (lacking conviction or boldness or courage; 'faint heart ne'er won fair lady') WN adj 'fearful': 4. fearful, timorous, trepid - (timid by nature or revealing timidity; 'timorous little mouse'; 'in a timorous tone'; 'cast fearful glances at the large dog') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reluctant . :Timidity :wnsense "timidity1n", "timidity2n" ; :wordnet "timidity" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Terror is the highest reified level within the general class of states called 'Fear'. Terror may paralyze action, or be a spur to action - this type does not require any action-related consequence. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'timidity' in Wordnet: 1. (1) timidity, timidness, timorousness - (fear of the unknown or unfamiliar or fear of making decisions) 2. timidity, timorousness - (fearfulness in venturing into new and unknown places or activities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fear . :Timing :en "timing" ; :wnsense "clock1v", "time1v" ; :wordnet "clock", "time" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Timing''' is 'Measuring'' the length of time taken by any kind of Event (e.g.a race). This is not directly measuring a rate, although a rate may be inferred from the time taken to achieve a result. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'time' in WordNet: 1. (4) clock, time - (measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time; 'he clocked the runners') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measuring, :Observing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :TimeDuration ] . :Timur :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Timur ; a :Name . :Timur_Leng :hasAbstractRepresentation :ENG_Timur_Leng ; a :Alias . :Tin :guid "bd58ca85-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "50"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "tin" ; :wnsense "tin1n" ; :wordnet "tin" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The metallic element. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tin' in WordNet: 1. (6) tin, Sn, atomic number 50 - (a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :TinDioxide :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_SnO2 ; :hasComponentSubstance :Oxygen, :Tin ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The compound with one ''Tin'' and two ''Oxygen''s in each molecule - SiO2.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dioxide . :Tine :wnsense "tine1n" ; :wordnet "tine" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tine'' is a ''Prong'' on a long-handled like a fork or pitchfork. This is not for a 'tine' on an antler - would be a different type if needed, is usually referred to a a 'prong'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tine' in WordNet: 1. (2) tine - (prong on a fork or pitchfork or antler) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prong, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongHandledTool ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fork-EatingUtensil ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ] . :Tingling :wnsense "prickling1n", "tingle2n", "tingling1n" ; :wordnet "prickling", "tingle", "tingling" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Tingling'' is a sensation one feels on the skin, as though hundreds of tiny needles are being poked lightly into the skin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tingling' in WordNet: 1. prickling, tingle, tingling - (a somatic sensation as from many tiny prickles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, :SkinSensation . :Tinkerbell :existsInContext :PeterPanStories ; :hasMassInGrams "5"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :Alive ; a :Fairy ; rdfs:comment """A Fairy with wings, from the novel 'Peter Pan'. Alive throughout the PeterPan stories.""" . :Tinkering :wnsense "mess around1v", "monkey around1v", "monkey2v", "muck about1v", "muck around1v", "potter1v", "putter2v", "tinker1v" ; :wordnet "mess around", "monkey", "monkey around", "muck about", "muck around", "potter", "putter", "tinker" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tinkering'' is working in an unhurried manner with no deadline, without any certainty that something desired will be accomplished. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tinker' in WordNet: 1. (1) putter, mess around, potter, tinker, monkey, monkey around, muck about, muck around - (do random, unplanned work or activities or spend time idly; 'The old lady is usually mucking about in her little house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unhurried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tiny :isTheOppositeOf :Large ; :wnsense "bantam1adj", "diminutive1adj", "flyspeck1adj", "lilliputian1adj", "midget1adj", "petite1adj", "tiny1adj" ; :wordnet "bantam", "diminutive", "flyspeck", "lilliputian", "midget", "petite", "tiny" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Tiny'' is smaller than just ''Small''. Not just for physical objects, also quantities or attributes 'a wee bit'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tiny' in WordNet: 1. (25) bantam, diminutive, lilliputian, midget, petite, tiny, flyspeck - (very small; 'diminutive in stature'; 'a lilliputian chest of drawers'; 'her petite figure'; 'tiny feet'; 'the flyspeck nation of Bahrain moved toward democracy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Small . :TinyBubble :en "tiny bubble" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TinyBubble'' is a ''GasBubble'' that is no large than two mm in diameter, such as those emitted in 'sparkling' beverages or Beer. When many ''TinyBubble''s are emitted from a liquid having surfactant substance in it, the bubbles may collect at the surface of the LiquidObject as ''Froth' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GasBubble, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.2"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isContainedIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObject :Froth :LiquidSubstanceType :LiquidObjectType ) ] ] . :TinyObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A SolidObject so small it is hard or impossible to pick up with the fingers, but still visible, being at least 0.1 mm in diameter; this could be a mark on a surface, such as a period in a printed document. Something between 0.1 and 4 mm in diameter, when round; if long and thin like a strand of hair, it should be no more than 2 cm long. A BB pellet would be larger than the largest round 'TinyObject'. A small GrainOfSand would be about the smallest such object. A dust particle that can be seen by its scattered light it floats in air but cannot be recognized with the eye by itself on a surface would be too small to fit into this category: see 'Particle'. A ''Crumb'' of bread or cake would be an instance. For object scales below this one, the sizes decrease in order (with overlapping ranges in many cases) as: HumanScaleObject HumanSizedObject PortableObject SmallObject HandSizedObject MarbleSizedObject PelletSizedObject TinyObject Particle MicroscopicScaleObject SubatomicParticle. NOTE: where ranges overlap, an Object may be a subtype of both overlapping size objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Tip :wnsense "tip1n" ; :wordnet "tip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tip'' is an ''EndOfAnObject'' that is no larger than a ''PortableObject'' and is ''LongAndThin''. The ''Tip'' has to be significantly smaller than one-half the size of the whole object (THis needs FOL to encode) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tip' in WordNet: 1. (12) tip - (the extreme end of something; especially something pointed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EndOfAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PortableObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThinObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :TipToes :ennp "tiptoes" ; :wnsense "tiptoe1n" ; :wordnet "tiptoe" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''TipToes'' represents the five ''Toes''s of *one* a Person's two Feet, considered as a single 'Object' that is one of the two ''Tiptoes'' that is the ''SupportingObject'' that supports a person when that ''Person'' is standing or walking 'on tiptoe'. NOTE: it is not necessary that all five toes are used on any given Foot to support a Person, so the minimum is set at three. This is needed to represent the Posture ''OnTiptoes''. NOTE: the WN 'tiptoe' appears to represent the 'tip' of one toe, but the phrase 'tiptoes' or 'on 'tiptoes' refers to the whole toe and possibly part of the adjacent foot; this is not just the actual 'tip' of one toe but the part(s) of the foot used for standing on tiptoes. Corresponds only approximately to noun sense 1 of 'tiptoe' in WordNet: 1. tiptoe - (the tip of a toe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ObjectGroup, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toe ; owl:maxCardinality "5" ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Tipsy :en "buzzed", "slightly intoxicated", "tipsy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tipsy'' is the lowest level of being under the influence of Alcohol. RHW 'tipsy': 1. slightly intoxicated or drunk. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Drunk . :Tiptoeing :en "tip-toe" ; :eng "tiptoeing" ; :wnsense "tiptoe1v" ; :wordnet "tiptoe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A manner of walking (for people only) in which a person walks slowly and carefully on the ends of the feet (not literally the tips of one's toes) to avoid making noise. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tiptoe' in WordNet: 1. tiptoe - (walking on the tips of ones's toes so as to make no noise; 'moving with tiptoe steps') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quiet ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Running . :Tire :guid "bd58c1d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tire", "tyre" ; :wnsense "tire1n", "tyre2n" ; :wordnet "tire", "tyre" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to 'tire' entry 2,sense 1 of 'tire' in RHW: 1. a ring or band of rubber, either solid or hollow and inflated, or of metal, placed over the rim of a wheel to provide traction, resistance to wear, or other desirable properties. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tire' and sense 2 of 'tyre' in WordNet: 1. (8) tire, tyre - (hoop that covers a wheel; 'automobile tires are usually made of rubber and filled with compressed air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :NonPoweredDevice, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingWheel ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toroidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Torus ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rubber ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Tired :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Weariness ; :ldoce "weary" ; :wnsense "tired1adj", "weary1adj" ; :wordnet "tired", "weary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing physical or mental Weariness. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tired' and sense 1 of 'weary'in WordNet: 1. (9) tired - (depleted of strength or energy; 'tired mothers with crying babies'; 'too tired to eat') WN 'weary' 1. (11) aweary, weary - (physically and mentally fatigued; ''aweary' is archaic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Tireless :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :BecomingTiredOfSomething, :QuittingAction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Lazy ; :wnsense "indefatigable1adj", "tireless1adj", "unflagging1adj", "unwearying1adj" ; :wordnet "indefatigable", "tireless", "unflagging", "unwearying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The difference between this ''Tireless'' and ''Hard-Working'' is that this is to be persisting over some period of time, whereas ''Hard-Working'' can be working hard in intervals, such as during working hours. But the glosses seem to overlap. Subtle differences, needs examples to determine logical difference. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tireless' in Wordnet: 1. (1) indefatigable, tireless, unflagging, unwearying - (showing sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality; 'an indefatigable advocate of equal rights'; 'a tireless worker'; 'unflagging pursuit of excellence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Tissue :hasUnitObject :Cell ; :isProducedNaturallyBy :Organism ; :wnsense "tissue1n" ; :wordnet "tissue" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Tissue is a substance for which the unit is a biological Cell. SUMO: An aggregation of similarly specialized Cells and the associated intercellular substance. Tissues are relatively non-localized in comparison to BodyParts, Organs or Organ components. The main features of Tissues are self-connectivity (see SelfConnectedObject) and being a homogeneous mass (all parts in the same granularity are instances of Tissue as well). COSMO note: this is a substance, not any particular object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tissue' in Wordnet: 1. (37) tissue - (part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySubstance, :SolidSubstance . :TissueMembrane :guid "bd6d54e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "membrane2n", "tissue layer1n" ; :wordnet "membrane", "tissue layer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for any 'LipidBilayer'' that encloses a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell,or separates cells or cell parts from each other. CYC 'Membrane-Biological': This is the collection of membranes which grow as parts of living organisms. Note that while proper parts of, for example, cell membranes are still membranes, and hence are stuff-like qua membrane, they are not still cell membranes. It therefore makes sense to consider biological membranes to be object-like. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'membrane' in WordNet: 2. membrane, tissue layer - (a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects organs or cells of animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CellPart-Structural, :LipidBilayer, :SheetlikeBarrier . :TissuePaper :hasShape :SheetLike ; :wnsense "tissue paper1n" ; :wordnet "tissue paper" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: any sheetlike Paper that is thin, porous, and easily torn. This included the tissue paper used for packing as well as the more Absorbent kind used as paper hankies or paper napkins (see subtype ''AbsorbentPaper'').. RHW: a very thin, almost transparent paper used for wrapping delicate articles, covering illustrations in books, copying letters, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tissue paper' in WordNet: 1. (2) tissue, tissue paper - (a soft thin (usually translucent) paper) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Translucent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Titanium :guid "bd58e23b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "22"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Ti1n", "titanium1n" ; :wordnet "Ti", "titanium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of titanium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form, although the collection includes liquid, gaseous, and chemically bound forms as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'titanium' in WordNet: 1. titanium, Ti, atomic number 22 - (a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Title :ldoce "title" ; :wnsense "title2n" ; :wordnet "title" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Name of some conceptual work, such as a book, movie, journal article, musical composition, chapter of a book, work of art, section of an article, etc. NOTE: In WordNet a chapter title has a distinct sense from title of a work, but the titles of journal articles fit into neither WordNet category, so this type covers all titles of conceptual works, including the descriptive headings of parts. The descriptive headings for sections of works, such as book chapters or sections of journal articles (e.g. 'Materials and Methods'), are represented by the subtype 'SectionTitle'. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'title' in WordNet: 2. (8) title - (the name of a work of art or literary composition etc.; 'he looked for books with the word 'jazz' in the title'; 'he refused to give titles to his paintings'; 'I can never remember movie titles') 3. (3) title - (a general or descriptive heading for a section of a written work; 'the novel had chapter titles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Name . :Titmouse :wnsense "tit3n", "titmouse1n" ; :wordnet "tit", "titmouse" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'titmouse' in WordNet: 1. titmouse, tit - (small insectivorous birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OscineBird . :Titular :isAnAttributeValueOf :HumanRole ; :wnsense "nominal6adj", "titular5adj" ; :wordnet "nominal", "titular" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Titular'' is an AttributeValue of an ''HumanRole'' that indicates that the person who has that Role has little power or responsibility that would be expected of one with that Role in other situations. Corresponds to adjective sense 5 of 'titular' in Wordnet: 5. nominal, titular - (existing in name only; 'the nominal (or titular) head of his party') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ToBeOrNotToBe :hasStringRepresentation "To be or not to be - that is the question."^^xsd:string ; :hasTopic :RealExistence ; a :Proposition ; rdfs:comment """This is the abstract Proposition represented by Hamlet's sililoquy in Shakespeare's play 'Hamlet'. It is an assertion that a central question of life is - to be or not to be. (Here just as a test of an instance of Proposition) """ . :ToDoList :en "ToDo list", "to do list", "to-do list" ; :wnsense "agenda1n", "docket2n" ; :wordnet "agenda", "docket" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ToDoList'' is a ''TaskList'' containing descriptions of Tasks not yet performed,often in order of ''PriorityLevel''.. This roughly Corresponds to the informal 'agenda' described by sense 1 of 'agenda' in Wordnet, the meeting agenda is the subtype ''MeetingAgenda''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'agenda' in WordNet: 1. (3) agenda, docket, schedule - (a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TaskList, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ] . :Toad :guid "bd58dfaa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "toad frog1n", "toad1n" ; :wordnet "toad", "toad frog" ; a :BeastType, :SpawnerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An Amphibian that lacks a Tail and lives at least partially outside of water. Corresponds to part (toad, not frog) of noun sense 1 of 'toad' in WordNet: 1. (4) frog, toad, toad frog, anuran, batrachian, salientian - (any of various tailless stout-bodied amphibians with long hind limbs for leaping; semiaquatic and terrestrial species) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Amphibian, :VenomousAnimal . :Toadying :en "ass kissing", "brown-nose", "brownnose", "kiss ass", "kissing ass" ; :eng "brown-nosing", "kissing ass" ; :wnsense "bootlick1v", "fawn2v", "kotow1v", "kowtow1v", "suck up3v", "toady1v", "truckle2v" ; :wordnet "bootlick", "fawn", "kotow", "kowtow", "suck up", "toady", "truckle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Toadying'' is a more intensive and self-demeaning form of ''Flattering'', being evidently ''Insincere'' even to onlookers. Includes 'borwn-nose' (not in WN): RHW 'brown-nose': v.i. 1. to curry favor; behave obsequiously. v.t. 2. to seek favors from (a person) in an obsequious manner; fawn over. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toady' in WordNet: 1. fawn, toady, truckle, bootlick, kowtow, kotow, suck up - (try to gain favor by cringing or flattering; 'He is always kowtowing to his boss') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flattering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Adulation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Excessive ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Humiliating ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fawning ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Adulation ] . :Toast :guid "bd58cd41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Toasted ; :wnsense "toast1n" ; :wordnet "toast" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A substance. A slice of toasted bread is made of this. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toast' in WordNet: 1. (5) toast - (slices of bread that have been toasted) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bread, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toasted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ToastRack :wnsense "toast rack1n" ; :wordnet "toast rack" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toast rack' in WordNet: 1. toastrack - (a rack for holding slices of toast) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rack, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toast ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ] . :Toasted :guid "dbd2c008-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Food, :Toast ; :wnsense "toasted1adj" ; :wordnet "toasted" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of food that has been toasted. A specialization of #$Cooked. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'toasted' in WordNet: 1. toasted - (browned over by exposure to heat; 'he liked toasted marshmallows') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cooked . :Toaster :guid "bd58be38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "toaster1n" ; :wordnet "toaster" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Electric heating device that heats bread objects to 'toast' their surface. In CYC: ('ElectricalToaster'): The collection of all electric toasters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toaster' in WordNet: 1. (1) toaster - (a kitchen appliance (usually electric) for toasting bread) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice, :HeatingDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bread ; owl:onProperty :heats ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toast ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingToast ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bread ; owl:onProperty :heats ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingElement ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ] . :ToasterOven :guid "bd58e5ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "toaster oven1n" ; :wordnet "toaster oven" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small electric oven that can be used to toast bread, heat up leftovers, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toaster oven' in WordNet: 1. toaster oven - (kitchen appliance consisting of a small electric oven for toasting or warming food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodOven, :Toaster . :ToastingSomething :en "toasting bread" ; :wnsense "crisp2v", "crispen1v", "toast1v" ; :wordnet "crisp", "crispen", "toast" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ToastingSomething''is subjecting some FoodObject or substance to a heating action that heats the surface more than the interior, producing a browning effect on the surface. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'toast' in WordNet: 1. (5) crispen, toast, crisp - (make brown and crisp by heating; 'toast bread'; 'crisp potatoes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Browning, :CookingFood, :HandlingADevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FoodType :SubstanceType :FoodObject :Food ) ] ] . :Tobacco :guid "bd58ac61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tobacco" ; :wnsense "tobacco1n" ; :wordnet "tobacco" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the plant product - the SUMO definition is for the plant, not represented by this type. CYC: An instance of #$ExistingStuffType and a specialization of #$PlantProduct. Each instance of #$Tobacco is a #$Mob of dried and shredded leaves of the #$TobaccoPlant. #$Tobacco is primarily used for #$Smoking. SUMO: A FloweringPlant containing nicotine whose leaves are dried and then smoked or ingested. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tobacco' in WordNet: 1. (4) tobacco, baccy - (leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Nicotine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :TobaccoAsh a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Ashes from a cigarette, cigar, pipe or other smokable object such as a marijuana reefer.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ashes . :Toboggan :wnsense "toboggan1n" ; :wordnet "toboggan" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Not considered a ''Sled'' which must have runners. RHW: a long, narrow, flat-bottomed sled made of a thin board curved upward and backward at the front, often with low handrails on the sides, used esp. in the sport of coasting over snow or ice. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toboggan' in WordNet: 1. toboggan - (a long narrow sled without runners; boards curve upward in front) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :MountableTransporter, :SnowSurfaceTransporter . :Today :ldoce "today" ; :wnsense "today2adv", "today2n" ; :wordnet "today" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A relative TimeInterval; the Day in which 'Now' occurs. The sense as an adverb is included, but could be distinct - phrases such as 'at ten o'clock' generate adverbs from nouns, and 'today' as adverb can be though of as 'on today' or 'at today' (formally representable as 'occurredInTimeInterval Today' - same issue with 'Tomorrow'. @ToDo: operhaps need relation to generate adverb from nouns of time position?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 and adjective sense 2 of 'today' in WordNet: WN noun 'today' 2. (13) today - (the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow); 'Today is beautiful'; 'did you see today's newspaper?') WN adverb 'today' 2. (12) today - (on this day as distinct from yesterday or tomorrow; 'I can't meet with you today') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day, :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Now ; owl:onProperty :hasTemporalPart ] . :TodayAndTomorrow a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A relative TimeInterval that includes both Today and Tomorrow. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :RelativeTime, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Today ; owl:onProperty :hasTemporalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tomorrow ; owl:onProperty :hasTemporalPart ] . :Toddling :eng "toddling" ; :wnsense "coggle1v", "dodder1v", "paddle4v", "toddle1v", "totter1v", "waddle1v" ; :wordnet "coggle", "dodder", "paddle", "toddle", "totter", "waddle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'toddle' in WordNet: 1. toddle, coggle, totter, dodder, paddle, waddle - (walk unsteadily; 'small children toddle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Walking . :Toe :guid "bd58c21d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "toe" ; :wnsense "toe1n" ; :wordnet "toe" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Digits of the foot. SUMO: The five extremities of a Foot. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toe' in WordNet: 1. (13) toe - (one of the digits of the foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :Digit-AnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :ToeClaw :wnsense "claw1n" ; :wordnet "claw" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a (single) hard claw on the ''Toe'' of some mammals or birds and some reptiles. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'claw' in WordNet: 1. (2) claw - (sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Claw, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toe ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sharp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PointyEnded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Toenail :guid "bd58b7cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Toe ; :wnsense "toenail1n" ; :wordnet "toenail" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Protective covering at the end of a toe. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toenail' in WordNet: 1. toenail - (the nail at the end of a toe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DigitNail, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toe ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Tofu :wnsense "bean curd1n", "tofu1n" ; :wordnet "bean curd", "tofu" ; a :FoodType, :SemiSolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tofu' in WordNet: 1. bean curd, tofu - (cheeselike food made of curdled soybean milk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curd, :SemiSolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soybeans ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ] . :Toga :guid "bdf00030-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "toga1n" ; :wordnet "toga" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of mantles such as those worn by the Romans beginning around 400 BC. The Roman #$Toga emerged as a modification of the earlier Etruscan mantles. Instances of #$Toga were generally large squares of linen, folded and draped in complicated patterns, and sometimes colored or embroidered according to the social standing of the wearer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toga' in WordNet: 1. toga - (a one-piece cloak worn by men in ancient Rome) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-WholeBody, :OuterGarment, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Linen ; owl:onProperty :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RomanMan ; owl:onProperty :isMostlyWornBy ] . :Together :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Sharp ; :ldoce "together" ; :wnsense "collectively1adv", "jointly2adv", "together1adv", "together2adv", "together3adv", "together4adv" ; :wordnet "collectively", "jointly", "together" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'together'is an adverb having the general meaning 'not separated' (of objects) or 'not separately' (of objects performing an action). (See the related AttributeValue 'Separate'). These subtypes can be distinguished,but only in an FOL representation. Includes adverb senses 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 'together' in Wordnet: 1. (27) jointly, collectively, conjointly, together, put together - (in conjunction with; combined; 'our salaries put together couldn't pay for the damage'; 'we couldn't pay for the damages with all our salaries put together') 2. (22) together - (in contact with each other; 'the leaves stuck together') 3. (19) together - (assembled in one place; 'we were gathered together') 4. (12) together - (in each other's company; 'we went to the movies together'; 'the family that prays together stays together') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Togetherness :wnsense "togetherness1n" ; :wordnet "togetherness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Togetherness'' is a mutual ''Feeling'' among some Group of people that includes both ''Intimacy'' and ''Affection'', where people who like each other are also 'intimate'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'togetherness' in WordNet: 1. togetherness - (affectionate closeness; 'togetherness is the new wonder ingredient in marriage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affection, :Intimacy . :Togo :hasISO3166_Digraph "TG" ; :wnsense "Togo1n" ; :wordnet "Togo" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Togo' in Wordnet: 1. Togo, Togolese Republic - (a republic on the western coast of Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; formerly under French control) """ . :Toilet :guid "bd58d89d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "can5n", "commode1n", "crapper1n", "pot2n", "potty1n", "stool1n", "throne2n", "toilet2n" ; :wordnet "can", "commode", "crapper", "pot", "potty", "stool", "throne", "toilet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of modern 20th century western-style ('seat-style') toilets. It is commonly made of ceramic, but some are of metal (as in an airplane). NOTE: it is designed with a water-filled bowl so that a person can eliminate while sitting on the bowl (usually on a toilet seat on the bowl). This differs from the squat-style toilets found in many places, and from stand-up urinals. SUMO: A Device for urination and defecation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toilet' in Wordnet: 2. (2) toilet, can, commode, crapper, pot, potty, stool, throne - (a plumbing fixture for defecation and urination) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HouseholdAttachment, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :PlumbingFixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chair ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ToiletBowl ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :ToiletBowl :wnsense "toilet bowl1n" ; :wordnet "toilet bowl" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toilet bowl' in Wordnet: 1. toilet bowl - (the bowl of a toilet that can be flushed with water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toilet ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bowl-Generic ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :ToiletPaper :guid "bd58d453-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "toilet paper1n", "toilet tissue1n" ; :wordnet "toilet paper", "toilet tissue" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Toilet paper considered as a Substance. Typically comes in rolls (in the USA). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toilet paper' in Wordnet: 1. toilet tissue, toilet paper, bathroom tissue - (a soft thin absorbent paper for use in toilets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsorbentPaper, :ToiletrySubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wiping ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :ToiletPaperRoll a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ToiletPaperRoll'' is a ''RollAndSpool'' in which the ''RollOfStuff' is a cylindrical ''RollOfToiletPaper''. NOTE the clumsy reordering of the words to distinguish the whole object from its functional part. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RollAndSpool, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RollOfToiletPaper ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :ToiletrySubstance :guid "bd58fa3f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "toiletry1n" ; :wordnet "toiletry" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in WOrdNet a 'toiletry' is an Object. This type is for the substances contained in toiletry products. CYC Grooming and hygiene substances used by people. Includes only products that are partly or wholly consumed in personal care events, such as shampoo and deodorant. For durable items such as tooth brushes and shavers, see other subsets of #$PersonalHygieneProduct. The Wordnet sense might be misleading, but it is included in case it has been tagged - the substance might be tagged: in WordNet: 1. toiletry, toilet article - (an artifact used in making your toilet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :ConsumableProduct . :Tokelau a :Country . :Token :wnsense "token2n" ; :wordnet "token" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An object, often round like a coin, that can be used as tender for certain purposes, such as subway rides, tolls, etc. For a game token (e.g. game piece) use 'Token-Physical'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'token' in WordNet: 2. token - (a metal or plastic disk that can be used (as a substitute for coins) in slot machines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Certificate, :SmallObject, :TenderObject . :Token-Physical :guid "be28d5ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Cyc and COSMO permit things like game pieces to be instances of this type, and therefore this type does not include merely coin-like objects, but plastic and wood ones also. This is not for 'Tokens' that represent a currency value, such as those used in turnstiles or toll booths - for that type of 'Token' use 'Token'. Cyc: A collection of small symbolic items, normally made of metal. The collection includes medals (#$Medal-Physical) and coins (#$Coin-Currency) as well as privately issued #$Currency substitutes and similar objects.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, :SymbolicObject . :Tokyo :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :TokyoArea ; :isaSpatialPartOf :Japan ; :wnsense "Tokyo1n" ; :wordnet "Tokyo" ; a :City ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tokyo' in Wordnet: 1. (3) Tokyo, Tokio, Yeddo, Yedo, Edo, Japanese capital, capital of Japan - (the capital and largest city of Japan; the economic and cultural center of Japan) """ . :TokyoArea :isSmallerThan :JapanArea ; a :CityRegion . :Told :en "told" ; :enadj "told" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :LinguisticCommunication ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Narrating ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Told'' is the attribute of a ''LinguisticCommunication'' or any part of it that was the content of a ''Narrating''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Tolerance :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Tolerant ; :wnsense "permissiveness1n", "tolerance2n", "tolerance4n" ; :wordnet "permissiveness", "tolerance" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tolerance'' is a Trait of a person who is able to experience annoying or distasteful behavior from other people without expressing objection or trying to supress that behavior. For a Feeling that a person with this trait has,use ''Toleration''. Includes noun senses 2 and 4 of 'tolerance' in WordNet: 2. (1) permissiveness, tolerance - (a disposition to allow freedom of choice and behavior) 4. tolerance - (willingness to recognize and respect the beliefs or practices of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :Tolerant :isAnAttributeValueOf :LinguisticAssertion, :Person, :RuleForBehavior ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Tolerance ; :wnsense "tolerant1n" ; :wordnet "tolerant" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tolerant'' is a general ''FeelingAttribute'' characterizing both a Person who can either (1) tolerate annoying or unpleasant behaviors from others without taking action to change that behavior (such as complaining or punishing); or (2) respects the right of others to behave in ways that s/he does not approve of. The subtype ''Lenient'' is more specifically for the attribute of accepting low performance from subordinates. @ToDo1409: Should have partial opposite 'Intolerant' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tolerant' in WordNet: 1. (3) tolerant - (showing respect for the rights or opinions or practices of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :Tolerating :en "put up with" ; :ldoce "bear" ; :wnsense "abide2v", "bear3v", "brook1v", "endure1v", "put up4v", "stand6v", "stick out3v", "stomach2v", "suffer4v", "tolerate1v", "withstand1v", "withstand2v" ; :wordnet "abide", "bear", "brook", "endure", "put up", "stand", "stick out", "stomach", "suffer", "tolerate", "withstand" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tolerating'' is a ''WithstandingEvent'' that is a ''MentalEvent'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tolerate' in WordNet: 1. (7) digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand, tolerate, support, brook, abide, suffer, put up - (put up with something or somebody unpleasant; 'I cannot bear his constant criticism'; 'The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks'; 'he learned to tolerate the heat'; 'She stuck out two years in a miserable marriage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalEvent, :WithstandingEvent . :Toleration :causes :Forbearance ; :wnsense "tolerance2n" ; :wordnet "tolerance" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a ''Feeling'' that causes an agent to not forbid or express objection to an action by another agent even though the first agent considers it undesirable in some respect. For the trait that is an attribute of someone having such a feeling, use ''Tolerance'' Corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'tolerance'in WordNet: 2. (1) permissiveness, tolerance - (a disposition to allow freedom of choice and behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Calmness-Feeling . :TollBooth :wnsense "tolbooth1n", "tollbooth1n", "tollhouse1n" ; :wordnet "tolbooth", "tollbooth", "tollhouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TollBooth'' is a ''Cubicle'' that is located at the edge of the Roadway on some ''TollRoad'', where a 'Toll taker' can collect ''RoadTOll''s - or, if there is a coin or currency taking Device, the Driver can pay cash, or the ''RoafToll'' may be collected by an autmtic payment system that charges the Driver electronically. However,the ''TollBooth'' has to have some place for a person to stand or sit. If the tools are collected automatically by an overhead radio Device, that structure would be part of a 'toll plaza' but not an instance of ''TollBooth''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tollbooth' in WordNet: 1. tollbooth, tolbooth, tollhouse - (a booth at a tollgate where the toll collector collects tolls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cubicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TollRoad ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingaRoadToll ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :TollCollecting :en "collecting tolls", "toll collecting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the action of a Person who 'collects' s ''RoadToll'' typically at a ''TollBooth'' on some toll road. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gathering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadToll ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :TollRoad :wnsense "turnpike2n" ; :wordnet "turnpike" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TollRoad'' is a ''Highway'' for the use of which users must pay a ''RoadToll''. WN 'turnpike' is the only type of toll road listed. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'turnpike' in WordNet: 2. turnpike - (an expressway on which tolls are collected) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Highway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighSpeedTraffic ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UsingaTollRoad ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Tolling :eng "tolling" ; :wnsense "toll1v", "toll3n" ; :wordnet "toll" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tolling'' is a 'Ringing' slowly like a church bell at a funeral, with a deep ''LowPitch'' sound. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and part of noun sense 3 of 'toll' (for church bells, not 'bell') in WordNet: 1. (1) toll - (ring slowly; 'For whom the bell tolls') WN noun 'toll': 3. bell, toll - (the sound of a bell being struck; 'saved by the bell'; 'she heard the distant toll of church bells') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bonging, :Ringing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Repetitive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LargeBell ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Toluene :guid "8af0ac04-4461-41d7-83d2-b07fe61339eb" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_C6H5CH3 ; :wnsense "methylbenzene1n", "toluene1n" ; :wordnet "methylbenzene", "toluene" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toluene' in WordNet: 1. toluene, methylbenzene - (a colorless flammable liquid obtained from petroleum or coal tar; used as a solvent for gums and lacquers and in high-octane fuels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AromaticCompound, :Hydrocarbon, :LiquidSubstance, :Petrochemical . :TomTom :guid "bdae13b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tenor drum1n", "tom-tom1n" ; :wordnet "tenor drum", "tom-tom" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$DrumInstrument's usually beaten with the hands and generally producing a high pitch (for drums). #$TomTom's are conventionally associated with American Indians (i.e., #$EthnicGroupOfIndiansOfTheUS). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tom-tom' in WordNet: 1. tenor drum, tom-tom - (any of various drums with small heads) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrumInstrument . :TomTurkey :wnsense "gobbler2n", "tom turkey1n", "tom3n", "turkey1n" ; :wordnet "gobbler", "tom", "tom turkey", "turkey cock" ; a :AgentType, :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A male member of the species 'Meleagris gallopavo', including wild and domesticated variants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tom turkey' in Wordnet: 1. (1) turkey cock, gobbler, tom, tom turkey - (male turkey) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MaleAnimal, :MeatBearingAnimal, :TurkeyBird . :Tomahawk :wnsense "hatchet1n", "tomahawk1n" ; :wordnet "hatchet", "tomahawk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tomahawk' in Wordnet: 1. tomahawk, hatchet - (weapon consisting of a fighting ax; used by North American Indians) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Axe, :PrimitiveWeapon, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blade ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Tomato :wnsense "tomato1n" ; :wordnet "tomato" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Fruit of the TomatoPlant, usually of a reddish color when ripe. Includes small varieties ('cherry tomatoes') as well as larger ones. Technically it is a fruit, but it is often considered as a vegetable in food classifications. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tomato' in WordNet: 1. (2) tomato - (mildly acid red or yellow pulpy fruit eaten as a vegetable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :EdibleFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "15"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TomatoPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :TomatoBasedSauce :isDerivedFrom :Tomato ; :wnsense "sauce1n" ; :wordnet "sauce" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Condiment, :ProcessedNaturalSubstance, :Sauce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tomato ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :TomatoJuice :guid "bd588a89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tomato juice1n" ; :wordnet "tomato juice" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: A PlantJuice derived by squeezing tomatoes. Those criteria may be necessary and sufficient, but as of v753, they are only necessary. Cyc: The juice of tomatos. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tomato juice' in WordNet: 1. tomato juice - (the juice of tomatoes (usually bottled or canned)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitDrink, :FruitJuice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tomato ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :TomatoPlant :guid "bd58b4a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tomato plant1n", "tomato2n" ; :wordnet "tomato", "tomato plant" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual tomato plants. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tomato' and sense 1 of 'tomato plant' in WordNet: 2. tomato, love apple, tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum - (native to South America; widely cultivated in many varieties) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CropPlant, :Vegetable-Plant . :Tomb :guid "c10c36a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToContain :Coffin, :HumanCorpse ; a :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all tombs: structures in which (or under which) the dead bodies or other remains of persons are deposited. A #$Tomb acts as a #$MemorialMarker of the dead within. Note: A #$MemorialMarker or #$Monument in which (or under which) the honored person was never buried or deposited is not a #$Tomb. See also #$TombOfFn. COSMO note: an unmarked Grave would be a Grave - a Tomb must have some kind of marker on the surface. SUMO: A StationaryArtifact which is meant to contain someone who is Dead. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'grave' in WordNet: 2. (5) grave, tomb - (a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone); 'he put flowers on his mother's grave') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GraveSite, :MemorialMarker, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GraveSite ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanCorpse ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Coffin ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Tombstone :wnsense "gravestone1n", "headstone1n", "tombstone1n" ; :wordnet "gravestone", "headstone", "tombstone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A relatively small Monument that marks a single grave or small number of graves, though each grave may contain the remains of more than one person. Indistinguishable from 'Gravestone'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gravestone' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gravestone, headstone, tombstone - (a stone that is used to mark a grave) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GraveMarker, :Monument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Tomorrow :ldoce "tomorrow" ; :wnsense "tomorrow1adv", "tomorrow1n" ; :wordnet "tomorrow" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A relative TimeInterval; the Day which is one day after 'Today'. See 'Today' for a discussion of whether the adverb sense can be conflated with the noun sense. Instances of this Type can only be created relative to a specific TimepPints as context; in that context, Tomorrow follows Today, but in any other context today's 'Tomorrow' will not necessarily follow that TimePoint's 'Today' Corresponds to noun sense 1 and adverb sense 1 of 'tomorrow' in WordNet: WN noun 'tomorrow' 1. (16) tomorrow - (the day after today; \"what are our tasks for tomorrow?\") WN adverb 'tomorrow' 1. (3) tomorrow - (the next day, the day after, following the present day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day, :RelativeTime . :TonMass :wnsense "net ton1n", "short ton1n", "ton1n" ; :wordnet "net ton", "short ton", "ton" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """English mass unit that is equal to 2000 pounds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ton' in WordNet: 1. (12) short ton, ton, net ton - (a United States unit of weight equivalent to 2000 pounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MassMeasure . :ToneOfVoice :wnsense "tone of voice1n", "tone1n" ; :wordnet "tone", "tone of voice" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ToneOfVoice'' is a ''MannerOfSpeaking'' that implies some attitude or feeling on the part of the speaker.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tone of voice' in WordNet: 1. tone, tone of voice - (the quality of a person's voice; 'he began in a conversational tone'; 'he spoke in a nervous tone of voice') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MannerOfSpeaking . :Tonga a :Country . :Tongs :guid "bd58a420-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pair of tongs1n", "tongs1n" ; :wordnet "pair of tongs", "tongs" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hand tool used for grasping objects. Two long sides are joined at one end or in the middle, and a squeezing motion of the hand at the grip ends brings the grasping ends together. NOTE that CYC has ''CookingUtensl'' as a parent - that is true for some kinds of ''Tongs'' - but not all. Maybe a subtype?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tongs' in WordNet: 1. tongs, pair of tongs - (any of various devices for taking hold of objects; usually have two hinged legs with handles above and pointed hooks below) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CookingUtensil, :Device-UserPowered, :GrippingTool, :HandTool, :ManufacturedGoods, :SimpleTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PivotDevice ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :GrasperArm ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Tongue :guid "bd58e627-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Mouth ; :ldoce "tongue" ; :wnsense "clapper2n", "glossa1n", "lingua1n", "tongue1n" ; :wordnet "clapper", "glossa", "lingua", "tongue" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The movable fleshy organ in the mouth, used for tasting, moving food around, and, in human beings, for producing speech. SUMO: Part of the Mouth, used for Tasting Food, Vocalizing, and the initial stage of Digesting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tongue' in WordNet: 1. (14) tongue, lingua, glossa, clapper - (a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemoReceptiveSensor, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :Organ, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Muscle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mobile ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TongueTwister :wnsense "tongue twister1n" ; :wordnet "tongue twister" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TongueTwister'' is an ''Expression'' that is difficult to pronounce rapidly without making some mispronunciation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tongue twister' in WordNet: 1. (1) tongue twister - (an expression that is difficult to articulate clearly; \" 'rubber baby buggy bumper' is a tongue twister \") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expression . :Tonight :ldoce "tonight" ; :wnsense "tonight1adv", "tonight1n" ; :wordnet "tonight" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of TimeIntervals that begin at Sunset and end at Sunrise, and start on 'Today'. See 'Today' for a discussion of whether the adverb sense can be conflated with the noun sense. Includes nouns sense 1 and adverb sense 1 of 'tonight' in Wordnet: WN noun 'tonight' 1. (3) tonight - (the present or immediately coming night) WN adverb 'tonight' 1. (22) tonight, this evening, this night - (during the night of the present day; 'drop by tonight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NightTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaTemporalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :TodayAndTomorrow ] . :TonsPerPersonHour :hasFirstElement :TonMass ; :hasSecondElement :Person-Hour ; a :ResourceRatio ; rdfs:comment """''TonsPerPersonHour'' can be used as the unit in a measure of labor productivity in industrial production of materials. For example, in steel production in the USA in 2006 reached an average of about two tons of steel per Person-Hour (aka 'man hour'), with some plant twice as efficient. """ . :Tonsil :guid "bd58afad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "faucial tonsil1n", "palatine tonsil1n", "tonsil1n", "tonsilla1n" ; :wordnet "faucial tonsil", "palatine tonsil", "tonsil", "tonsilla" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$Collection of all #$Tonsils. Individual #$Tonsils are small rounded masses appearing on each side of the rear of the #$Tongue at the top of the #$Throat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tonsil' in WordNet: 1. tonsil, palatine tonsil, faucial tonsil, tonsilla - (either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Throat ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Tonsillectomy :guid "be010fae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tonsillectomy1n" ; :wordnet "tonsillectomy" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the surgical procedure in which the tonsils are removed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tonsillectomy' in WordNet: 1. tonsillectomy - (surgical removal of the palatine tonsils; commonly performed along with adenoidectomy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically, :SurgicalTreatment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tonsillitis ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTreatAilment ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tonsil ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :Tonsillitis :guid "be011367-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tonsillitis1n" ; :wordnet "tonsillitis" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of infections. Instances of #$Tonsillitis are inflamationtions of the tonsil. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tonsillitis' in WordNet: 1. tonsillitis - (inflammation of the tonsils (especially the palatine tonsils)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, :Infection, :Inflammation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tonsil ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedBodypart ] . :TooMuch :isMoreIntenseThan :MoreThanEnough ; :wnsense "overmuch1adv", "too much1adv" ; :wordnet "overmuch", "too much" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TooMuch' is an attribute of some amount (of materials or effort or money, etc.) that asserts that the amount is not only in excess of what is required to accomplish the goal, but is so far in excess that there is some negative consequence from the surplus. NOTE: this is an adverb in WN. It can also be used as an adjective: 'too much information'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'too much' in WordNet: 1. (29) overmuch, too much - (more than necessary; 'she eats too much'; 'let's not blame them overmuch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SufficiencyValue . :Tool :guid "c0fce764-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tool" ; :wnsense "tool1n" ; :wordnet "tool" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PhysicalDevice and #$Device-UserControlled (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Tool is a device that is used by people to manipulate or alter other objects or the immediate environment in some way. (Thus it does not include #$PomPoms, e.g.) #$Tools are typically controlled by their user during use and can be used more than once (so #$Tool is disjoint with #$Device-OneTimeUse). #$Tool includes devices used in many different activities, as shown by this sampling its subcollections: #$WoodworkingTool, #$PlumbingTool, some (but not all) kinds of #$MedicalDevices, #$CleaningImplement, and #$WritingImplement. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tool' in WordNet: 1. (15) tool - (an implement used in the practice of a vocation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :Device-UserControlled, :DurableGood . :ToolBlade :ldoce "blade" ; :wnsense "blade9n" ; :wordnet "blade" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''ToolBlade'' is the broad flat end of some types of Device with a ''LongHandle'' Corresponds to a subtype of sense 7 of 'blade' in RHW: a thin, flat part of something, as of an oar or a bone: shoulder blade Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 9 of 'blade' (for tools, not used for cutting) in WordNet: 9. blade - (the flat part of a tool or weapon that (usually) has a cutting edge) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericVane, :WorkingHead, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongHandledTool ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :ToolKit :wnsense "carpenter's kit1n", "tool kit1n" ; :wordnet "carpenter's kit", "tool kit" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ToolKit'' is a ''KitAndContents'' in which the contents are ''\"HandTool''s. This is for any tradesman, not just carpenters. note that this is a ''PortableObject'' so the largest ''Toolkit'' might be the tool chest on wheels that is used in some auto repair shops. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'tool kit' (include tool kits other than carpeters' - plumbers, device repair people) in WordNet: 1. carpenter's kit, tool kit - (a set of carpenter's tools) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Equipment, :KitAndContents, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkilledTrade ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HandTool ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :Tooth :guid "bd58d411-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Mouth ; :ldoce "tooth" ; :wnsense "tooth1n" ; :wordnet "tooth" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Vertebrate teeth used in chewing food to aid digestion. SUMO: Part of the Mouth, used for biting and chewing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tooth' in WordNet: 1. (38) tooth - (hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :Bone, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouth ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :ToothBrush :guid "bd58cd08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "toothbrush1n" ; :wordnet "toothbrush" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small Brush with bristles no longer than 2 cm, used for cleaning teeth. NOTE that ToothBrushes have become self-powered in some cases, including those with rotating heads. All brushes designed to clean teeth are included in the 'ToothBrush' type, not just the traditional ones. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toothbrush' in WordNet: 1. (1) toothbrush - (small brush; has long handle; used to clean teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brush, :MedicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortBristles ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :ToothDecay :wnsense "caries1n", "cavity3n", "dental caries1n", "tooth decay1n" ; :wordnet "caries", "cavity", "dental caries", "tooth decay" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ToothDecay'' is a part of a ''Tooth'' that has decayed and is less fncitonal than the normal ''Tooth' and may pose health risks. This typically is due to the action of bacteria on the surfact of the''Tooth''. NOTE: this is a Physicalobject, not the process of decaying, as suggested by the parent synsets in WordNet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tooth decay' in WordNet: 1. cavity, caries, dental caries, tooth decay - (soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tooth ; owl:onProperty :isaProperPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Decayed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Toothache :wnsense "toothachen" ; :wordnet "toothache" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ache that appears to be located inside some ''Tooth''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toothache' in Wordnet: 1. toothache, odontalgia - (an ache localized in or around a tooth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ache, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tooth ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :ToothedWheel :CYC "Gear" ; :en "gear wheel", "toothed wheel" ; :guid "bd590185-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :Mechanism ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ToothedWheel'' is a wheel with 'teeth' on its perimeter that are designed either: (1) to mesh with the 'teeth' of a ''GearWheel'' ( a subtpe of ''ToothedWheels'') or (2) to contact a 'pawl' in a Mechanism that has a ''RatchedWheel'' (another subtype of ''ToothedWheel'') In cyc called 'Gear': Cyc: A wheel with teeth. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :Wheel . :Toothpaste :guid "bd58f938-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "toothpaste1n" ; :wordnet "toothpaste" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The semi-liquid stuff used for cleaning teeth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toothpaste' in Wordnet: 1. (1) toothpaste - (a dentifrice in the form of a paste) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningSubstance, :Colloid, :Paste, :ToiletrySubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrushingTeeth ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :ToothpasteTube :en "toothpaste tube" ; :enn "toothpaste tube" ; :guid "bd588320-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of container products in which tooth paste is packaged and sold. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :SqueezeTube, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toothpaste ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Toothpick :wnsense "toothpick1n" ; :wordnet "toothpick" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An object used for the purpose of partly cleaning the teeth by removing objects from between the teeth. Usually of ''Wood''. Often both ends are pointed, but not necessarly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toothpick' in WordNet: 1. toothpick - (pick consisting of a small strip of wood or plastic; used to pick food from between the teeth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningDevice, :PersonalHygieneProduct, :PointyEndedObject, :Shaft, :SmallObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CleaningTeeth ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "12"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Toothpowder :en "tooth-powder" ; :wnsense "tooth powder1n", "toothpowder1n" ; :wordnet "tooth powder", "toothpowder" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Powder'' designed and used for cleaning teeth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tooth powder' in WordNet: 1. tooth powder, toothpowder - (a dentifrice in the form of a powder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningSubstance, :Powder, :ToiletrySubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrushingTeeth ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :TopAndBottomSidedObject :guid "be62f2a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is for object that are typically oriented vertically in a gravitational field (when functioning normally), and whose top and bottom sides are distinguishable. The top side is still the top side when the object is lying horizontally (as when being stored). Cyc: A #$TopAndBottomSidedObject is an object with an intrinsic #$TopSide and an intrinsic #$BottomSide. By 'intrinsic' we mean simply that there exists an established convention according to which one side is considered 'top' and the other side is considered 'bottom'. Usually the two sides in question can be reliably distinguished from one another. For example, by convention, the 'top' of a #$Table-PieceOfFurniture is the side on which other objects usually rest, while the 'bottom' is the side which usually touches the floor. Notice that a conventionally distinguishable bottom and top do not necessarily imply a left and right, or a front and back. A plant is a good example of the case where they do not: top and bottom can be reliably distinguished but not, ordinarily, front and back or left and right. Notice also--and this is crucial to the whole conception--that while a #$TopAndBottomSidedObject may well have a preferred orientation, changing this orientation does not change what counts as 'top' and what counts as 'bottom': if a car flips over on the highway its top is now facing the pavement and its bottom--the undercarriage--is now up in the air. If an entity does not obey this rule then it does not, generally speaking, count as having a distinguishable top and bottom--example: an hourglass or a book. (see also #$NoteAboutSidedObject) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BilateralObject . :TopCap :en "top cap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TopCap' is a cap for a ContainerWithTopCap, and could be a bottle cap, a jar lid, a jug stopper (e.g. a cork), or the cap for a can with a screw-cap opening at the top. For screwed TopCaps, uise 'ScrewTopCap'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerCap . :TopFloor :en "top floor" ; :enn "top floor" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''TopFloor'' is the ''Storey'' that is above all other ''Storey's . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Storey, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ] . :TopOfaPole :en "top of pole" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The TopOfaPole is the ''TopPart'' of a 'Pole'' where certain things may be located. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TopPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pole ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :TopPart :ldoce "top" ; :wnsense "top1n" ; :wordnet "top" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The TopPart of a TopAndBottomSidedObject is the PhysicalObject is above the other parts in a gravitational field, when the TopAndBottomSidedObject is oriented as intended. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'top' in WordNet: 1. (23) top - (the upper part of anything; 'the mower cuts off the tops of the grass'; 'the title should be written at the top of the first page') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientedPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :TopAndBottomSidedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottomPart ; owl:onProperty :isAbove ] . :TopSail :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :Sailboat ; :isUsedBy :Sailboat ; :wnsense "topsail1n" ; :wordnet "topsail" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The topsail of a sailboat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'topsail' in WordNet: 1. topsail - (a sail (or either of a pair of sails) immediately above the lowermost sail of a mast and supported by a topmast) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sail . :TopSide :guid "bd58c4a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "top" ; :wnsense "top side1n", "top2n", "topside1n", "upper side1n", "upside1n" ; :wordnet "top", "top side", "topside", "upper side", "upside" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all the entire top sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct #$Sides, one of which faces up. This is the 'side' on which one puts things that are to be supported by a flat-topped object. If one puts an object on a shelf, one puts it on the 'TopSide' of the shelf. The 'ship part' topside could be a subtype. Includes noun sense 2 of 'top' and sense 1 of 'top side' and sense 1 of 'topside' in WordNet: 2. (16) top, top side, upper side, upside - (the highest or uppermost side of anything; 'put your books on top of the desk'; 'only the top side of the box was painted') WN 'topside': 1. topside - ((usually plural) weather deck; the part of a ship's hull that is above the waterline) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Side, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :TopAndBottomSidedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BottomSide ; owl:onProperty :isAbove ] . :TopSurface :ldoce "surface" ; :wnsense "surface1n" ; :wordnet "surface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TopSurface'' is an 'OuterPhysicalSurface' on the top of some ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'surface' in WordNet: 1. (103) surface - (the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary; 'there is a special cleaner for these surfaces'; 'the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterPhysicalSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopSide ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject :en "liquid surface layer", "surface layer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject'' is a ''TopSurface'' at the surface of a ''LiquidObject'' contained in some container in a gravitational field. This is a ''SurfacePortion'' that includes some depth of the liquid beyond the surface line itself. The depth can be many feet,as anoceanliner can float thirty feet or more into an Ocean, and still be on the ''TopSurface''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfacePortion, :TopSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Topaz :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_Al2SiO4_OH-F-_2 ; :hasHardnessInMohs "8"^^xsd:int ; :wnsense "topaz2n" ; :wordnet "topaz" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the substance that makes up a ''Topaz-Gem''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'topaz' in WordNet: 2. topaz - (a mineral (fluosilicate of aluminum) that occurs in crystals of various colors and is used as a gemstone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral . :Topaz-Gem :en "topaz" ; :enn "topaz" ; :guid "be7ed410-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A #$SemipreciousStone which is yellow in color and translucent." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gemstone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Topaz ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Topic :ldoce "subject", "topic" ; :wnsense "subject1n", "theme1n", "topic1n" ; :wordnet "subject", "theme", "topic" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Topic'' is any of a broad category of 'MentalObject''s of any degree of complexity that a person may (or may not) think about. The subtypes are more specific, e.g.: A ''Topic'' that includes some question ('Question-IBT'') is represented as the subtype ''MatterForConsideration'' A ''Topic'' that includes some ''ProblemToBeSolved'' is represented as an ''Issue'' (a subtype of ''MatterForConsideration'') The value (object) of the relation 'hasTopic' is not restricted to any set of entities in the ontology. This sense of 'Topic' is more specific for a topic that may be defined with respect to some particular text, such as the list of Topics in a library catalogue. NOTE that the 'subject' of a sentence, viewed as an abstract InformatioObject, might be viewed as a Topic, but the 'SubjectOfaSentence' is actually a subtype of 'AbstractString'. @ToDo: the main subject is not the same as the set of sentences discussing that subject - this needs differentiation. A Topic is a MentalObject which consists of a group of MentalObjects (possibly one MentalObject) including one or more of (1) assertions (not necessarily true) about something - anything at all (2) questions about something; (3) pointers to entities of interest. The label for a topic is the common element (explicit or indirectly implied) around which the assertions, questions, or focus pointers are centered. Any category, any word in any language, anything that can be discussed, is a potential topic. A Topic may also be a genre of writing. The subtypes of this type deal with narrower classes of topics. NOTE that in COSMO a formal Database is classified as a subtype of Topic. Corresponds to noun senses 1 and 2 of 'topic', which are also senses 1 and 2 'subject' in WordNet: 1. (326) subject, topic, theme - (the subject matter of a conversation or discussion; 'he didn't want to discuss that subject'; 'it was a very sensitive topic'; 'his letters were always on the theme of love') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Context, :Group, :InformationObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticAssertion ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TopicCoverage :wnsense "coverage2n" ; :wordnet "coverage" ; a :GroupType, :ScopeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TopicCoverage'' is a 'Scope' that includes the ''Topic''s that are 'covered' by being mentioned in at least one of the articles in the AbstractDocuments that are either printed or broadcast or taught or included in a book; and also may include methodology or depth or certain qualities of the discussions of those ''Topic''s. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'coverage' in WordNet: 2. (1) coverage - (the extent to which something is covered; 'the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Scope, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Topic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractDocument ] . :TopicList a :GroupType, :ScopeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TopicList'' is a List all of whose elements are Strings naming topics in an AbstractDocument, forming part of an ''Index''. Conceptually, if an ''Index'' is viewed as a table with two columns (topic and location) then this list would be the first column. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, :Scope, :Series, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Topic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Index ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Alphabet ; owl:onProperty :seriesOrderedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AlphabeticallyOrdered ; owl:onProperty :hasOrderingRelation ] . :TopicOfInterest :ldoce "interest" ; :wnsense "interest5n" ; :wordnet "interest" ; a :ObjectType, :RoleType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TopicOfInterest' is a 'Topic' (which could be almost anything) that is of interest to a perticular person. The corresponds to the sense of 'interest' in 'pursuing his interests'. Each instance of 'TopicOfInterest' must have at least one IntelligentAgent related by the 'isAnInterestOf' relation. Having such an interest would imply that that agent has a feeling of 'Interest' in that topic. The relation between the Feeling of 'Interest' and this type is not yet (rev1061) specified. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'interest' in WordNet: 5. (68) pastime, interest, pursuit - (a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly); 'sailing is her favorite pastime'; 'his main pastime is gambling'; 'he counts reading among his interests'; 'they criticized the boy for his limited pursuits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :Topic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnInterestOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :TopicType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """TopicType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on fields of knowledge, whether formal or informal. This type allows assertions about a whole field, as in the relation 'isKnowledgeableAbout'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgreementType, :ObjectType . :Topical :isAnAttributeValueOf :TopicalSkinApplication ; :pertainsTo :Skin ; :wnsense "topical1adj" ; :wordnet "topical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Topical'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' used to describe ''TopicalSkinApplication'' substances that are applied to the Skin to achieve theirintended purpose Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'topical' in Wordnet: 1. (2) topical - (pertaining to the surface of a body part; 'a drug for topical (or local) application'; 'a topical anesthesia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TopicalSkinApplication :en "topical skin application" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TopicalSkinApplication'' is any ProductSubstance sold and intended to be used by applying to the ''Skin'' (usually of a Person but possibly of other mammals), for any purpose, such as to relieve pain or itch, promote healing of wounds, prevent infection or mosquito bites, block sunlight, an an antiseptic, or any other purpose. These can be Liquid, Semisolid, or powdered. Note that natural substances, when removed from their natural setting and sold for human purposes, are then 'ProductSubstances'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumableProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingStuffToTheSkin ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :TopicallyAppliedSubstance :en "topical application" ; :guid "c0fd6733-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This collection is intended to include substances that are used for medicinal purposes as well as those used for hygienic ones. It only includes substances that are applied on the body's surface, and not those which are ingested, worn, or implanted. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance, :CoatingMaterial, :FunctionalSubstance . :Topless :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :FootwearItem ; :wnsense "bare-breasted1adj", "braless1adj", "topless2adj" ; :wordnet "bare-breasted", "braless", "topless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'topless' in Wordnet: 2. bare-breasted, braless, topless - (having the breasts uncovered or featuring such nudity; 'topless waitresses'; 'a topless cabaret') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ToplessPerson :en "topless person" ; :enn "topless person" ; :guid "01a9c674-6ea1-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "no articles of clothing are worn on the upper torso" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Topless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TopographicalFeature :guid "bd58ce45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TopographicalFeature is a kind of Place, and is ambiguous as to whether it is a region of space on the surface of a planet, or a physical object (e.g. an ocean) that characterizes some region of space on the surface of a planet. Both types may be subtypes of this category. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeographicalRegion. Each instance of #$TopographicalFeature is a three-dimensional feature of a planet's surface, typically with boundaries defined by formations of rock, dirt, water, etc., or by significant changes in elevation. Some important specializations of #$TopographicalFeature include #$Mountain, #$MountainRange, #$Peninsula, #$Harbor, #$Shoreline, and #$Arroyo. Note that collections of regions defined by the presence of human artifacts (e.g. #$CitySkyline) or ecological characteristics (e.g. #$Forest) are _not_ specializations of #$TopographicalFeature. Instances of #$TopographicalFeature include #$KyushuIsland-Japan, #$SaintThomas-Island, #$LakeErie, #$VictoriaFalls, and #$MalayPeninsula.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place . :Topology :guid "bdb4c684-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "topology3n" ; :wordnet "topology" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Topology'' is a ''FieldOfStudy'' that concerns itself with (among other things) the way Objects are internally connected and how they can change shape without losing such conections. 'A topologist is someone who can't tell the difference between a donut and a coffee cup'. ;-) In CYC an insance of 'ScientificFieldOfStudy': This is the study of the notion of continuity in the most abstract sense. Topological spaces are sets imbued with a class of subsets which, intuitively, tells one which elements (points) are near which other elements. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'topology' in WordNet: 3. topology, analysis situs - (the branch of pure mathematics that deals only with the properties of a figure X that hold for every figure into which X can be transformed with a one-to-one correspondence that is continuous in both directions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Methodology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Object ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mathematics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :Topping :wnsense "topping1n" ; :wordnet "topping" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FoodGarnish'' that is added on top of ''FoodObject''s to enhance taste. some ''Topping''s such as ''WhippedCream'' could be eaten by themselves on occasion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'topping' in Wordnet: 1. topping - (a flavorful addition on top of a dish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodGarnish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FoodObject ; owl:onProperty :isOnTopOf ] . :Toppled :isAnAttributeValueOf :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Toppled'' is an AttributeValue of a SolidObject that is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'', with a long dimension that is normally ''Vertical'' but has been turned so that it now has a ''Horizontal'' orientation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Horizontal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :TopplingEvent :ldoce "fall" ; :wnsense "fall down1v", "fall1n", "fall23v", "topple1v", "tumble1v" ; :wordnet "fall", "fall down", "topple", "tumble" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TopplingEvent' is a 'FallingEvent' in which an object having some support on a solid surface leans (or is moved, or placed) so that its center of gravity is not above the supported base, and it consequently falls over to a more stable position. This includes the 'falling down' of people and other animals but does not include the inversion of position of an unstable floating object. This is *not* the action of *causing* a Toppling event @ToDo: should be included?) NOTE in CYC this seems to be called 'FallingDown' - but is not in the OWL version. Includes verb sense 1 of 'topple' and sense 1 of 'fall down' and noun sense 2 of 'fall' and verb sense 23 of 'fall' in WordNet: 1. (4) tumble, topple - (fall down, as if collapsing; 'The tower of the World Trade Center tumbled after the plane hit it') WN noun 'fall': 2. (4) spill, tumble, fall - (a sudden drop from an upright position; 'he had a nasty spill on the ice') WN verb 'fall down': 1. fall, fall down - (lose an upright position suddenly; 'The vase fell over and the water spilled onto the table'; 'Her hair fell across her forehead') WN verb 'fall': 23. fall, fall down - (lose an upright position suddenly; 'The vase fell over and the water spilled onto the table'; 'Her hair fell across her forehead') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FallingEvent . :Tormenting :wnsense "bedevil1v", "dun1v", "rag1v", "torment2v" ; :wordnet "bedevil", "dun", "rag", "torment" ; a :ActionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'torment' in WordNet: 2. torment, rag, bedevil, crucify, dun, frustrate - (treat cruelly; 'The children tormented the stuttering teacher') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harassment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Torn :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :TearingSomething ; :wnsense "lacerate2adj", "lacerated1adj", "mangled1adj", "torn1adj" ; :wordnet "lacerate", "lacerated", "mangled", "torn" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Torn'' is the attribute of some Object that experienced a ''TearingSomething'' and therfore has some part that was separated by pulling, having edges to the separated parts that are ragged rather than smooth as is cause by 'cutting'. Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'torn' in WordNet: 1. (5) lacerate, lacerated, mangled, torn - (having edges that are jagged from injury) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Tornado :wnsense "tornado1n" ; :wordnet "tornado" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tornado'' is a ''Cyclone'' with very strong winds and a funnel-shaped cloud. See TornadoasEvent and TornadoAsObject - this type may be superfluous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tornado' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tornado, twister - (a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cyclone . :TornadoAsEvent :guid "c1163516-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tornado1n" ; :wordnet "tornado" ; a :MotionType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$NaturalHazard and #$ImmediateWeatherProcess. Each instance of #$TornadoAsEvent is the event in which a tornado moves through space. See also #$TornadoAsObject for the collection of tornado objects. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tornado' in WordNet: 1. (1) tornado, twister - (a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousSituation, :ImmediateWeatherProcess, :Wind, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TornadoAsObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :TornadoAsObject :guid "bf0359be-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CycloneAsObject. Each instance of #$TornadoAsObject is a tornado object (i.e., a swirling high-speed weather object). See also #$TornadoAsEvent, for the collection of events in which a tornado object cuts a path through space and time.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousTangibleThing, :DynamicObject . :Toroidal :isAnAttributeValueOf :Torus ; :wnsense "toroidal1adj" ; :wordnet "toroidal" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Toroidal' is a subtype of 'LoopShaped' that is the property of a three-dimensional object that is longer than it is wide, and forms a closed loop that is approximately circular; but this is not a subtype of 'Circular' because it is three-dimensonal whereas 'Circular' applies to two-dimensional objects. This is the shape of a donut or the inner tube of a automobie tire. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'toroidal' in Wordnet: 1. toroidal - (of or relating to or shaped like a toroid; doughnut shaped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LoopShaped . :Torpedo :guid "bde26723-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "torpedo6n" ; :wordnet "torpedo" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of self-propelled #$ProjectileWeapons that are fired from #$ModernNavalShips. #$Torpedos are usually propelled by #$WaterPropellers, but are sometimes #$RocketPropelledTransportationDevices. We specify that they are usually used by submarines, though they can also be fired from aircraft or PT boats. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'torpedo' in Wordnet: 6. torpedo - (armament consisting of a long cylindrical self-propelled underwater projectile that detonates on contact with a target) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CylindricalObject, :ExpendableSelfPropelledDevice, :LongAndThinThing, :MilitaryWeapon, :ProjectileWeapon, :SelfPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "100"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "800"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Submarine-Military ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnderWater ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation ] . :Torpid :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal, :AnimalActivity ; :wnsense "inert3adj", "slowgoing1adj", "sluggish3adj", "torpid1adj", "unenergetic1adj" ; :wordnet "inert", "slowgoing", "sluggish", "torpid", "unenergetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Torpid'' is an AttributeValue of people or their actions that attributes a slower than normal rate or degree of activity, especially in movement or in accomplishing tasks. 'soggy' is not for people 'soggy novel' (spiritless) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'torpid' in Wordnet: 1. (1) inert, sluggish, soggy, torpid - (slow and apathetic; 'she was fat and inert'; 'a sluggish worker'; 'a mind grown torpid in old age') WN adj 'unenergetic': 1. slowgoing, unenergetic - (not inclined to be enterprising) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Slow . :Torque :wnsense "torque1n", "torsion2n" ; :wordnet "torque", "torsion" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Torque'' is the Force that is created when a ''Force'' is applied to some point on a RigidObject that is perpendicular to its axis and at a distance from its center of rotation, thereby inducing the object to rotate if it is free to do so, and if the whole object is constrained at some point on its axis of rotation so that it does not move in a translational manner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'torque' in WordNet: 1. torsion, torque - (a twisting force) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Force, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotating ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :TorqueWrench :wnsense "torque wrench1n" ; :wordnet "torque wrench" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'torque wrench' in WordNet: 1. torque wrench - (a wrench that has a gauge that indicates the amount of torque being applied) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wrench, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingATorque ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Torso :guid "bd59098e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "trunk" ; :wnsense "torso1n", "trunk3n" ; :wordnet "torso", "trunk" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Trunk-BodyCore. Each instance of #$Torso is a human body's trunk, i.e., the main portion of a human's body, to which typically are connected a head and various appendages (see #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart). SUMO: The body of a Primate excluding its Limbs. NOTE that Wordnet does not distinguish 'torso' from the more specific 'trunk'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'torso and sense 3 of 'trunk' in WordNet: 3. torso, trunk, body - (the body excluding the head and neck and limbs; 'they moved their arms and legs and bodies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :Trunk-BodyCore . :Tort :wnsense "civil wrong1n", "tort1n" ; :wordnet "civil wrong", "tort" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tort'' is a legal term lawsuit, suit, case, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tort' in WordNet: 1. tort, civil wrong - ((law) any wrongdoing for which an action for damages may be brought) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wrongdoing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LegalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Actionable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HarmingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CivilSuit ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Tortilla :wnsense "tortilla1n" ; :wordnet "tortilla" ; a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: Mexican Cookery: a thin, round, unleavened bread prepared from cornmeal or sometimes wheat flour, baked on a flat plate of iron, earthenware, or the like. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tortilla' in WordNet: 1. tortilla - (thin unleavened pancake made from cornmeal or wheat flour) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BreadObject, :Pancake, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flour ; owl:onProperty :isPreparedFromSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unleavened ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tortoise :guid "bd5892cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tortoise1n" ; :wordnet "tortoise" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tortoise' in WordNet: 1. tortoise - (usually herbivorous land turtles having clawed elephant-like limbs; worldwide in arid area except Australia and Antarctica) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TerrestrialOrganism, :Turtle . :Torus :guid "c8ee3700-5b23-41d7-803c-ee0b62526580" ; :wnsense "torus1n" ; :wordnet "torus" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: when 'Torus' is used to specify a shape, it is only approximate: a rubber 'Tire' is shaped like a 'Torus' in COSMO, even though it is far from the mathematical ideal. CYC: A specialization of both #$RoundObject and #$ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing (qq.v.). This is the collection of all tori, or donut-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. More precisely, each instance of #$Torus is a three-dimensional object generated by the revolution of an ellipse (especially a circle) about any line in its plane and external to it. Cf. #$RingShapedObject. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'torus' in WordNet: 1. torus, toroid - (a ring-shaped surface generated by rotating a circle around an axis that does not intersect the circle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoundObject, :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toroidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Tossing :en "flipping" ; :wnsense "flip6v", "toss1v" ; :wordnet "flip", "toss" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Tossing'' is a ''Throwing'' event in which a Person gently throws a SolidObject that is not heavy, using one hand. This is in distinction from vigorous throwing, as in pitching a baseball in a professional game, or throwing something (e.g. a spear,a rock) with the intention to do damage. The objective in ''Tossing' is for another agent (usually a Person, but could be a Dog or a recepticle) to catch the object. For a similar throwing to something other than a Person, or to nothing in particular use ''Chucking''. This is usually an *attempted* transfer of an object, but the object tossed may not end in the intended place. When that happens, the pair of relations ''hasIntendedDestination''and ''hasEndingPlace'' will have different objects, indicating a failed attempt. In ordinary usage, a vigorous throw might be called a 'toss' but in this technical usage, a 'toss' is more specific. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'toss' in WordNet: 1. (13) flip, toss, sky, pitch - (throw or toss with a light motion; 'flip me the beachball'; 'toss me newspaper') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedTranslation, :Throwing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SmallObject ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gentle ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Total :ldoce "total" ; :wnsense "aggregate2n", "total1n" ; :wordnet "aggregate", "total" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Total' is a WholeThing that was created as an aggregate of smaller things. For the total of some group of numbers, use 'Sum'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'total' and 'aggregate' noun sense 2 in WordNet: 1. (13) sum, total, totality, aggregate - (the whole amount) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WholeThing . :TotalTimeDuration a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TotalTimeDuration' is a 'TimeDuration' that may be the sum of multiple shorter TimeDurations, to measure the total time for some Event that may be discontinuous. This can be used to represent, among other things, the total time it takes to perform some action or series of actions, or the time it takes for some recorded action to play; for example, the total playing time for a movie or music recording, regardless of whether some actual playing of that recording is done continuously or in interrupted manner. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeDuration . :TotalingUpto :en "add up to", "amount to", "come to" ; :env "add up to", "amount to", "come to" ; :wnsense "add up3v", "amount2v", "come15v", "number1v", "total1v" ; :wordnet "add up", "amount", "come", "number", "total" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TotalingUpto'' is the state of some Group of ''Quantity''s (dimensionless numbers or having some dimension) that have been added to get a 'total'. NOTE: the terms 'add up', 'come', and 'amount' take the preposition 'to' to specify the total that is part of the meaning. This in effect a 'transitive' verb concept, and those terms should be interpreted as though the 'to' are part of the verb. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'total' in WordNet: 1. (16) total, number, add up, come, amount - (add up in number or quantity; 'The bills amounted to $2,000'; 'The bill came to $2,000') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeingFinite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Quantity ] . :Totalitarian :pertainsTo :Totalitarianism ; :wnsense "totalitarian1adj" ; :wordnet "totalitarian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'totalitarian' in Wordnet: 1. (1) totalitarian - (characterized by a government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control; 'a totalitarian regime crushes all autonomous institutions in its drive to seize the human soul'- Arthur M.Schlesinger, Jr.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TotalitarianIdeology :wnsense "absolutism3n", "totalism1n", "totalitarianism2n" ; :wordnet "absolutism", "totalism", "totalitarianism" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Totalitarianism'' is a ''PoliticalIdeology'' that holds that the head of state should have complete authority over government actions. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'totalitarianism' in WordNet: 2. absolutism, totalitarianism, totalism - (the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PoliticalIdeology . :Totalitarianism :wnsense "Stalinism1n", "absolutism2n", "authoritarianism1n", "despotism2n", "dictatorship1n", "monocracy1n", "one-man rule1n", "shogunate1n", "totalitarianism1n", "tyranny1n" ; :wordnet "Stalinism", "absolutism", "authoritarianism", "despotism", "dictatorship", "monocracy", "one-man rule", "shogunate", "totalitarianism", "tyranny" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Autocracy'' is a 'FormOfGovernment' in which there Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'totalitarianism' in WordNet: 1. dictatorship, absolutism, authoritarianism, Caesarism, despotism, monocracy, one-man rule, shogunate, Stalinism, totalitarianism, tyranny - (a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Autocracy . :Tottering :wnsense "totter1v" ; :wordnet "totter" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a form of swaying for inanimate objects \"Swaying\" Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'totter' in WordNet: """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Swaying . :Toucan :wnsense "toucan1n" ; :wordnet "toucan" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN category. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toucan' in WordNet: 1. toucan - (brilliantly colored arboreal fruit-eating bird of tropical America having a very large thin-walled beak) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PiciformBird, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrilliantlyColored ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TouchAbility :takesValue :TouchAcuity ; :wnsense "cutaneous senses1n", "sense of touch1n", "skin senses1n", "touch modality1n", "touch2n" ; :wordnet "cutaneous senses", "sense of touch", "skin senses", "touch", "touch modality" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TouchAbility' is an AttributeType of animals or artifact sensors specifying the ability to detect touch, whether simple pressure, or surface texture patterns on objects. This represents the 'sense of touch' generally. For the sensation of something touching the body, use ''TouchSensation''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'touch' in WordNet: 2. (4) touch, sense of touch, skin senses, touch modality, cutaneous senses - (the faculty by which external objects or forces are perceived through contact with the body (especially the hands); 'only sight and touch enable us to locate objects in the space around us') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SensoryAttributeType . :TouchAcuity a :AttributeValueType, :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TouchAcuity' is an AttributeValue of animals, or artificial sensors that specifies how sensitive a general sense of touch is (sensitivity to pressure), or what particular surface textures can be discriminated. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :SensoryAbility . :TouchSensation :wnsense "touch10n" ; :wordnet "touch" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TouchSensation'' is a ''SkinSensation'' that informs the animal that some Object (usually a SolidObject) is applying pressure to the surface of the skin. A ''TouchSensation'' is a ''Perceiving'' which may be involuntary or voluntary (''TouchingDeliberately''). For the 'sense of touch' (he aility to perceive by touc) see ''TouchAbility'' Corresponds to noun sense 10 of 'touch' in WordNet: 10. touch, touch sensation, tactual sensation, tactile sensation, feeling - (the sensation produced by pressure receptors in the skin; 'she likes the touch of silk on her skin'; 'the surface had a greasy feeling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkinSensation . :TouchSensitive :en "touch sensitive", "touch-sensitive" ; :enadj "touch sensitive" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :TouchSensitiveDisplay ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :RespondingToTouch ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TouchSensitive'' is the attribute of objects that react in some characteristic way when physically touched. This can beapplied to certain plants that move, e.g. by curling up, when touched, but is mostly used for ''TouchSensitiveDisplay''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensitive . :TouchSensitiveDisplay :en "touch sensitive display" ; :enn "touch sensitive display" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TouchSensitiveDisplay'' is a ''DisplayScreen'' in which the image can be affected by touching the ''DisplayScreen'' with the finger(s) or some similar-shaped object(s), so as to change the size or position of the image or to move it or activate programs represented by icons on the screen. These screens allow one to use fingers to perform someof the same fuctions performed by a 'mouse device' on Computers without such screens, but also allow changing the size of the image with two fingers,unlike a mouse function. This functionality is especially convenient in small hand-held devices but is also used in some large blackboard-sized. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayScreen, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplayDevice ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplay ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ] . :Touchdown :en "six points", "touchdown" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Touchdown'' is a subtype of ''SixPoints'' gained by scoring a ''Touchdown'' in AmericanFootball. Note that the instances of this type would be the result of specific scoring events in some specific Football game.. No synset in WN for the score - just for the action.(?) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SixPoints, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "6"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ] . :Touched-Feeling :guid "bd58c10a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "affected3adj", "moved1adj", "stirred1adj", "touched2adj" ; :wordnet "affected", "moved", "stirred", "touched" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The feeling of being emotionally touched. Something that is stirring, touching or moving. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'touched' in Wordnet: 2. moved, affected, stirred, touched - (being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion; 'too moved to speak'; 'very touched by the stranger's kindness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Touching :eng "touching" ; :ldoce "touch" ; :wnsense "touch1v", "touch2v", "touch5v", "touch8v" ; :wordnet "touch" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any Transfer where two Objects are brought into immediate physical contact with one another. The COSMO interpretation differs from that in Cyc. NOTE that this type represents the event of making contact; the PersistentState of being in contact for some interval of time is represented as 'ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation', and it subtype 'TouchingState'. Altough this type of motion does not have to result in a persistent state of contact, it should be relatively gentle so that no damage is done to the touched object. If the contact velocity is high enough to cause some potential damage or an elastic rebound, it would be an instance of 'StrikingAnObjectEvent'. NOTE: 'touch' verb sense 2 is represented in several places in COSMO: @ToDo: needs rework and distinctions. NOTE: as of rev1001 this was changed to a 'PurposefulAction' - but needs intended effect? COSMO note: although this is a subtype of 'CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion', it is interpreted in COSMO as including events where an animal puts a limb or feeler out to touch something - the 'other object' in this case is a part of the animal's body. This is distinguishable from an animal causing its own (whole body) translation by locomotion. NOTE that sexual Mating is a subtype of 'Touching'. COSMO note: the cyc 'TouchingEvent' is interpreted as the static state resulting from a 'Touching', which is interpreted in the SUMO sense of 'bringing into contact', an animal activity. in COSMO any event that involves contact that lasts for more than a brief instant is a 'Touching' even if the touching state is not more than half the total time of the event. Thus a clapping is a 'Touching', and a greeting that involves handshaking is a Touching. A collision and rebound would not be a Touching. Cyc: (TouchingEvent) One object spatially and temporally in contact with another. A 'Knocking' with the knuckles is a borderline case of 'Touching', even though the contact is brief, it is intentional. Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 8 of 'touch' in WordNet. Sense 5 is represented as 'TouchingState': in WordNet: 1. (33) touch - (make physical contact with, come in contact with; 'Touch the stone for good luck'; 'She never touched her husband') 2. (5) touch - (perceive via the tactile sense; 'Helen Keller felt the physical world by touching people and objects around her') 8. (2) touch - (cause to be in brief contact with; 'He touched his toes to the horse's flanks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :PhysicalContactMakingEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Motion ] . :TouchingAnotherPerson :ldoce "touch" ; :wnsense "touch2v", "touch8v" ; :wordnet "touch" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which one person intentionally touches the body of another person with some part of the first person's body. This is touching even if the flesh of one or both are covered; touching the clothing of another Person in a way that can be felt by the other Person is also an instance. The touching does not have to be done with the hand. In the act of 'Kissing' for example, the touching is done with the lips. Includes verb senses 2, and 8 of 'touch' in WordNet: 2. (5) touch - (perceive via the tactile sense; 'Helen Keller felt the physical world by touching people and objects around her') 8. (2) touch - (cause to be in brief contact with; 'He touched his toes to the horse's flanks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TouchingDeliberately, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :TouchingDeliberately :ldoce "touch" ; :wnsense "touch2v", "touch8v" ; :wordnet "touch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which an Animal (usually a person) touches something else intentionally. The touching can be done by any part of the first person's body that can be intentionally moved. NOTE that in a 'TouchingDeliberately' the Agent is a person, and the thing touched (object of 'hadObjectTouched' relation) can be inanimate or animate. NOTE that although a 'TouchingDeliberately' may initiate a 'FeelingWithTheHand', these are distinct concepts in COSMO. Includes verb senses 2, and 8 of 'touch' in WordNet: 2. (5) touch - (perceive via the tactile sense; 'Helen Keller felt the physical world by touching people and objects around her') 8. (2) touch - (cause to be in brief contact with; 'He touched his toes to the horse's flanks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceiving-Voluntary, :Touching . :TouchingGentle :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalContactMakingEvent ; :wnsense "easy5adj", "gentle6adj", "soft14adj" ; :wordnet "easy", "gentle", "soft" ; a :AttributeValueType, :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TouchingGentle'' is an AttributeValue of an Action in which one Object comes in contact with another at a slow speed so as to cause little force on impact. Corresponds to adjective sense 6 of 'gentle' in Wordnet: 6. easy, gentle, soft - (having little impact; 'an easy pat on the shoulder'; 'gentle rain'; 'a gentle breeze'; 'a soft (or light) tapping at the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TouchingState :CYC "TouchingEvent" ; :en "be touching", "being in contact" ; :ldoce "touch" ; :wnsense "adjoin2v", "contact2v", "meet13v", "touch5v" ; :wordnet "adjoin", "contact", "meet", "touch" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PersistentState in which two objects are in contact with each other, which suggests some force between them. The TouchingState may be brief or last a long time, but continues only so long as there is physical contact. For the Action of an animal in which it touches an object, use 'Touching'. NOTE that the restriction ''hadObjectTouched'' can be used to specify one or both of the objects that were in contact. This type is the state, so it is not clear whether any or both of the objects in contact moved into the ''TouchingState'' (e.g. by being the agent of a ''Touching''). Cyc: ('') One object spatially and temporally in contact with another. Approximately corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'touch' in WordNet; in WordNet: 5. (3) touch, adjoin, meet, contact - (be in direct physical contact with; make contact; 'The two buildings touch'; 'Their hands touched'; 'The wire must not contact the metal cover'; 'The surfaces contact at this point') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation, :PhysicalContactSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectTouched ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :TouchyFeely :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "touchy-feely1adj" ; :wordnet "touchy-feely" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'touchy-feely' in Wordnet: 1. touchy-feely - ((often derogatory) openly expressing love and affection (especially through physical contact)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sociable . :Tough :en "long-lasting" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :BreakingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Delicate ; :wnsense "durable3adj", "sturdy13adj", "tough4adj" ; :wordnet "durable", "sturdy", "tough" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tough'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that is not easily broken, nor worn down, nor easily pulled apart. This is a physical attribute of ''SolidObject''s, and not of people or animals that can withstand hardship. This Attribute also includes 'durable' to emphasize the resistance to wearing away under normal conditions (use or exposure to weather) Meat that is not tender can be classified as ''Tough''. WN Sense 1 of 'durable' seems to focus on relations or events, rather that physical durability,so WN 'long-lasting' does not seem to apply here. Sense 3 is physical durability but seems to appy mostly to mineral formation, still it is the closest to this meaning. Includes adjective sense 4 of 'tough' and sense 3 of 'durable' in WordNet: 4. (2) sturdy, tough - (substantially made or constructed; 'sturdy steel shelves'; 'sturdy canvas'; \"a tough all-weather fabric\"; \"some plastics are as tough as metal\") WN adj 'durable' (part only): 3. durable, indestructible, perdurable, undestroyable - (very long lasting; 'less durable rocks were gradually worn away to form valleys'; 'the perdurable granite of the ancient Appalachian spine of the continent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strong . :ToughToEat :isAnAttributeValueOf :SolidObject ; :isTheOppositeOf :Soft ; :wnsense "tough7adj" ; :wordnet "tough" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ToughToEat'' is an AttributeValue of a ''SolidObject''s such as a ''FoodObject'' that do not readily yield and come apart when chewed or cut. this attribute is Commonly associated with Meat objects or leather-like sheets. Corresponds to adjective sense 7 of 'tough' in Wordnet: 7. tough - (resistant to cutting or chewing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strong . :Toughness :guid "bd58c7a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "temper4n", "toughness3n" ; :wordnet "temper", "toughness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Describes how well a material can withstand impact forces. NOTE: this CYC attribute seems to be the same as WN 'toughness' - it may be distinguished if some physically measurable property can be associated with the attribute. Is this the 'temper' of 'tempered steel'? Any suggestions? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'toughness' in WordNet: 3. temper, toughness - (the elasticity and hardness of a metal object; its ability to absorb considerable energy before cracking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalAttribute . :Tour :en "touring" ; :eng "touring" ; :ldoce "tour" ; :wnsense "circuit2n", "tour1n" ; :wordnet "circuit", "tour" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any 'Travel-TripEvent' that includes a visit to two or more places that are related, as being in the same country, or represent some type of area, such as the capital cities of Europe. This travelling can be done with or without a guide. This does not include a 'tour' of some one facility. This sense is a subtype of 'SightSeeing' and is more specialized in eithr (1) being a visit to more than one place or (2) reqiring an overnight stay. Also, SightSeeing can be local and not require traveling any significant distance. But unless a 'Tour' involves being in more than one city, it is difficult to distinguish it from 'SightSeeing'. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'tour' in RHW: 1. a traveling around from place to place. 2. a long journey including the visiting of a number of places in sequence, esp. with an organized group led by a guide. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 2 of 'tour' in WordNet: 1. (3) tour, circuit - (a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area; 'they took an extended tour of Europe'; 'we took a quick circuit of the park'; 'a ten-day coach circuit of the island') WN verb 'tour': 1. (3) tour - (make a tour of a certain place; 'We toured the Provence this summer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SightSeeing . :TourGroup :en "tour group" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TourGroup'' is a ''Group'' of ''Tourist''s. This s typically organied by a Tour company,but that is not yet (Rev1355) represented. More detail can be added. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Tourist ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Tour ] . :TourGuide :guid "c0b91638-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tour guide1n" ; :wordnet "tour guide" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TourGuide'' is a ''Guide'' paid to conduct a Person or ''TourGroup'' around some location, usually a ''TouristAttraction. CYC: A person who guides travel tour. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tour guide' in WordNet: 1. tour guide - (a guide who leads others on a tour) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Guide, :PersonWithOccupation . :TouringACity :guid "c08b5537-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tour" ; :wnsense "tour1n" ; :wordnet "tour" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all instances of #$SightSeeing which consist of comprehensive tours of cities, usually, but not always, conducted by a guide. Instances are to be distinguished by the fact that they are systematic, endeavoring to cover most of the historically salient features of some nontrivial part of the area toured. Instances may be performed by individual tourists or by groups of the same. See #$CityTourFn. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationGathering, :SightSeeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPerceived ; owl:someValuesFrom :CityObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :City ] . :TouringARegion :en "touring" ; :enn "touring" ; :guid "c0757e6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tour" ; :wnsense "tour1n" ; :wordnet "tour" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which an instance of #$Tourist or (#$GroupFn #$Tourist) travel about a site, sometimes but not always in the presence of a #$TourGuide, learning certain salient features concerning the place's history. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tour . :TouringaFacility :en "touring a facility" ; :enn "touring a facility" ; :guid "be090293-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TouringaFacility' is an Action in which some observer(s) looks at some facility (which could be one or more buildings, as well as grounds, such as a University campus), whether for recreation or for business purposes. In CYC called 'TouringABuilding' CYC: The specialization of #$SightSeeing which consists of comprehensive tours of buildings, usually, but not always, conducted in the presence of a guide. Instances are to be distinguished by the fact that they are systematic, endeavoring to cover all of the historically salient features of the construction toured. Instances may be performed by individual tourists or by groups of the same. See #$BuildingTourFn """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationGathering, :Observing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectPerceived ; owl:someValuesFrom :Facility-Generic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Facility-Generic ] . :Tourist :guid "c0f7ce23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tourist" ; :wnsense "tourist1n" ; :wordnet "tourist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tourist'' is a Person who visits a location (e.g., city) and goes sight seeing, shopping for souvenirs, visit the tourist attractions, ride the camels, etc. This includes those who tour on their own as well as those who pay a tour company to make the arrangements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tourist' in WordNet: 1. (3) tourist, tourer, holidaymaker - (someone who travels for pleasure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :Traveler, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Tour ] . :TouristAttraction :en "tourist attraction" ; :guid "c0f7ce30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any site or object that draws tourists. E.g., a historic landmark, a site of remarkable scenic beauty; famous architecture; a museum containing famous art; a zoo or AmusementPark; a home of, or monument to, a famous person; ... """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attraction, :PhysicalObject . :TouristBusiness :wnsense "tourism1n", "touristry1n" ; :wordnet "tourism", "touristry" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TouristBusiness' is a branch of ''BusinessAsAnActivity'' in which a commercial Organization provides the service of arranging travel and accommodations for people who wish to visit some location for recreational or educational purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tourism' in WordNet: 1. tourism, touristry - (the business of providing services to tourists; 'Tourism is a major business in Bermuda') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessAsAnActivity, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tour ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tour ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tourist ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ] . :Tournament :wnsense "tournament1n", "tourney1n" ; :wordnet "tournament", "tourney" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Series of Sports Competitions, often Games, at the end of which one Competitor (Person or Team) either wins and becomes the Champion.or (if the final was for one 'Division' of a Group of competitors) becomes eligible to enter the final round of games (usually between two teams) that determines the final championship. .When a final round of games are played after the major set of games, the time during which that final round is played is refered to as the ''PostSeason''. This ''Tournament'' represents any series of competitions that may or may not eliminate competitors at the sequential stages, whether or not they are called a 'tournament'. A ''Tournament'' that eliminates comptetitors at sequential 'RoundOfaCompetition''s is repreenteda as the subtype ''EliminationTournament''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tournament' in WordNet: 1. (6) tournament, tourney - (a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :Series, :SportsCompetition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Competition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Champion ] . :TournamentRound :en "round of a tournament", "tournament round" ; :wnsense "round7n" ; :wordnet "round" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TournamentRound''is a subevent (and a component element) of an ''EliminationTournament''which is scheduled in rounds such that the completed tournament has a fixed number of rounds before a winner can be determined. the last two rounds are called the ''SemifinalRond'' and 'FinalRound''. In each ''TournamentRound'' except the final there are two or more games (contests) between competitors. The ''FinalRond'' only has two competitors and the winner of that rond is the winner of the Tournament. RHW has the most relevant definition of the sense of 'round' here: 25. a completed course or spell of activity, commonly one of a series, in some play or sport: the second round of a tournament. NOTE: this WN sense of 'round' is also used in a different sense for ''Turn'' when one player 'takes a turn' in a game in which the players take turns. The proper interpretation of the WN entry is not clear. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 7 of 'round' in WordNet (the team need not be 'on the offensive' - unclear why this is part of the gloss, but leave out label 'turn' here and add that elsewhere ): in WordNet: 7. turn, bout, round - ((sports) a period of play during which one team is on the offensive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :SportsCompetition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :EliminationTournament ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EliminationTournament ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Tourniquet :wnsense "compression bandage1n", "tourniquet1n" ; :wordnet "compression bandage", "tourniquet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: a ''Tourniquet'' prevents both types of ''BloodFlow'', both circulation and ''Bleeding''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tourniquet' in WordNet: 1. compression bandage, tourniquet - (bandage that stops the flow of blood from an artery by applying pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bandage, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BloodFlow ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingAPressure ; owl:onProperty :canBeUsedInAction ] . :TowedWeapon :en "towed weapon" ; :enn "towed weapon" ; :guid "c0589184-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MilitaryWeaponType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all military weapons which are towed behind vehicles rather than being mounted or self-propelled. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, :MilitaryWeapon, :PoweredDevice . :Towel :guid "bd589ad4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "towel1n" ; :wordnet "towel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of sheets of cloth or paper manufactured and used primarily to dry objects. SUMO: A piece of Fabric which is used for Drying. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'towel' in Wordnet: 1. (6) towel - (a rectangular piece of absorbent cloth (or paper) for drying or wiping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsorbentObject, :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :FoldableObject, :SheetArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DryingByWiping ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsResourceInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothOrPaper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Tower :guid "c0f2bc50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tower" ; :wnsense "tower1n" ; :wordnet "tower" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a tall and thin fixed stucture, that may be free-standing or part of a larger structure. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tower' in WordNet: 1. (4) tower - (a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :LongAndThinThing, :TopAndBottomSidedObject . :Towering :isAnAttributeValueOf :Altitude ; :isMoreIntenseThan :High ; :wnsense "eminent4adj", "lofty2adj", "soaring3adj", "towering1adj" ; :wordnet "eminent", "lofty", "soaring", "towering" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ toweringCorresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'towering' in Wordnet: 1. eminent, lofty, soaring, towering - (of imposing height; especially standing out above others; 'an eminent peak'; 'lofty mountains'; 'the soaring spires of the cathedral'; 'towering icebergs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :High . :Towing :en "towing" ; :wnsense "tow1n", "tow1v" ; :wordnet "tow" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Towing'' is a ''PullingEvent'' in which some self-powered Device pulls a connected (by hitch or rope) non-self-powered ''WheeledTransportationDevice'' such as a ''Trailer''. The Device towed may only be temporarily 'non-self-powered', as when a vehicle needs to be towed because of mechanical failure or other reasons. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'tow' in Wordnet: 1. tow - (drag behind; 'Horses used to tow barges along the canal') WN noun 'tow': 1. (1) tow, towage - (the act of hauling something (as a vehicle) by means of a hitch or rope; 'the truck gave him a tow to the garage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PullingEvent . :Town :guid "bee5e6f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "town" ; :wnsense "town1n" ; :wordnet "town" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO, the most general urban area is a 'Municipality' and 'City' and 'Town' are distinct subtypes of 'Municipality', depending on their size. CYC A subcollection of #$City whose instances have populations larger than those of villages but smaller than those typically referred to as cities . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'town' in WordNet: 1. (337) town - (an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city; 'they drive through town on their way to work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Municipality . :TownHouse :guid "bd588a2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "row house1n", "town house1n" ; :wordnet "row house", "town house" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A single unit in a row of houses. NOTE: logically this specifies that a ''TownHouse'' 'isAdjacentTo'' (is close to on the same horizontal plane) *and* 'touchesDirectly' (has no space in between) at least one other ''TownHouse''. (CYC may have more detailed spatial relations, but most of those are not included yet in COSMO) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'town house' in WordNet: 1. (1) row house, town house - (a house that is one of a row of identical houses situated side by side and sharing common walls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :House, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TownHouse ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TownHouse ; owl:onProperty :touchesDirectly ] . :TownSquare :guid "c0fbbd68-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "square" ; :wnsense "square3n" ; :wordnet "square" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Public open area located in a town, city, or other built-up area. It should have enough space for people to assemble, but may or may not have much greenery: Washington Square Park in NYC is an example. Small towns may have only one, but larger towns can have more than one such area. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 3 of 'square' in WordNet: 3. (2) public square, square - (an open area at the meeting of two or more streets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Park, :PublicProperty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :PopulatedPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Level ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Township :wnsense "town2n", "township1n" ; :wordnet "town", "township" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'township' in WordNet: 1. township, town - (an administrative division of a county; \"the town is responsible for snow removal\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministrativeDistrict, :Municipality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :County ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ] . :ToxicSubstance :en "toxic substance" ; :enn "toxic substance" ; :guid "bd589351-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of substances that are toxic or poisonous to humans or other animals. To cause any degree of malfunction is considered 'toxic', as with 'PsychoactiveAgent'. Subtypes 'Poison' and 'Toxin' are more specific. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance, :PhysicalSubstance . :Toxicity :wnsense "toxicity1n" ; :wordnet "toxicity" ; a :ActionType, :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Toxicity'' is a state in which the subject entity has the quality ''Poisonous''.. NOTE: the WN gloss indicates that this should be a subtype of 'AttributeType'' having some form of 'toxicity measure' as its instances. That is an alternate representation that could be implemented when some 'toxicity measure' is represented - but that is not yet (rev1619) included in COSMO. OpenCYC has aclass 'ToxicitySlot' that seems to be some form of toxicity measure category, but there is insufficient detail to know ho that should be used. Ther may be such measures in OBO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toxicity' in WordNet: 1. toxicity - (the degree to which something is poisonous) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poisonous ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poison ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfState ] . :Toxicologist :guid "bd59000a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "toxicologist1n" ; :wordnet "toxicologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toxicologist' in WordNet: 1. toxicologist - (one who studies the nature and effects of poisons and their treatment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, :MedicalSpecialist, :Scientist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Toxicity ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poison ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Toxin :wnsense "toxin1n" ; :wordnet "toxin" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BiologicalSubstance produced by an Organism that has some degree of toxic effect on other animals or plants. For COSMO, it does not have to have high molecular weight (e.g. tetrodotoxin [C11H17N3O3] is not a macromolecule). RHW: toxin n. any poison produced by an organism, characterized by antigenicity in certain animals and high molecular weight, and including the bacterial toxins that are the causative agents of tetanus, diphtheria, etc., and such plant and animal toxins as ricin and snake venom. Cf. antitoxin, endotoxin, exotoxin, phytotoxin, venom. Syn. See poison. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'toxin' in WordNet: 1. (1) toxin - (a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance, :NaturalTangibleStuff, :OrganicSubstance, :Poison, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :OrganismType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poisonous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Toy :guid "bd5884db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "toy" ; :wnsense "plaything1n", "toy1n" ; :wordnet "plaything", "toy" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is for ''SmallObject''s (can be held in two hands) that can be used for amusement, usually designed for use of a ''Child'' (for adults one would use the parent type ''Plaything'). This is not for metaphorical use of 'toy' as in describing a man's automobile as his 'toy'. Cyc: An instance of #$ArtifactByGenericType and a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$Toy is a #$PortableObject whose primary function [#$primaryFunction] is to be played with by, and provide amusement to, children or #$DomesticPets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toy' in WordNet: 1. (4) plaything, toy - (an artifact designed to be played with) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Collectible, :Plaything, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :isCommonlyUsedBy ] . :ToyBalloon :en "toy balloon" ; :enn "toy balloon" ; :guid "bd58ec26-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A inflatable rubber bag used as toys. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Balloon, :Bladder, :Toy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rubber ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :ToyReplica :ldoce "model" ; :wnsense "model4n" ; :wordnet "model" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'ToyReplica' is a 'Model-Artifact' that is a closely similar 'Copy' of some original object, usually on a smaller scale. This differs from 'Model-Artifact' only in that is is intended for amusement rather than to serve some practical purpose. A model airplane or car would be an example. @ToDo: NOTE: not clear yet whether all such items shouild be classified as subtype of 'Toy' But this designation is to distinguish this type from a profesional working model of something intended to be manufactured, created as an aid in the design process. corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'toy' and noun sense 4 of 'model' in WordNet: 2. toy - (a nonfunctional replica of something else (frequently used as a modifier); 'a toy stove') WN noun 'model': 4. (4) model, simulation - (representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Copy, :Model-Artifact, :Role . :Trace :wnsense "trace2n" ; :wordnet "trace" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Trace is one or more Signs that relate to ordered states of some Event or FunctionalProcess. A sequence of footprints in the mud can be a Trace of the event of some animal walking on that ground; a sequence of abstract symbols, stored in one of more computers, can provide a Trace of some computational or reasoning process such as one carried out in the computer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trace' in Wordnet: 2. (2) trace, vestige, tincture, shadow - (an indication that something has been present; 'there wasn't a trace of evidence for the claim'; 'a tincture of condescension') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sign . :TraceMark :ldoce "mark" ; :wnsense "mark13n", "mark14n", "mark4n" ; :wordnet "mark" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TraceMark is a PhysicalTrace consisting of one or more marks - features on objects that are indentations or other features, not symbols written on an object - that provide evidence regarding one or more states of some Event or FunctionalProcess. Footprints in the mud are TraceMarks; grooves on a bullet fired from a gun are TraceMarks. Scratches on the surface of physical objects are tracemarks. An impact crater is a TraceMark. A symbol in some conventional language is not usually a TraceMark, but a gash in a tree that indicates that someone has passed by that location can be a TraceMark - therefore TraceMarks may be deliberately created, but cannot be linguistic. Includes but is not limited to senses 4, 13, and 14 of 'mark' in WordNet: 4. (3) mark, print - (a visible indication made on a surface; 'some previous reader had covered the pages with dozens of marks'; 'paw prints were everywhere') 13. scratch, scrape, scar, mark - (an indication of damage) 14. crisscross, cross, mark - (a marking that consists of lines that cross each other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mark, :PhysicalFeature, :PhysicalTrace . :Traces :en "remaining things", "what is left over" ; :wnsense "trace6n" ; :wordnet "trace" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Traces'' is a broad category of things such as objects, substances (such as scents) , or marks that remain in some location after an Event occurs there. If the Event is the movement of an animal past that location, then these things are the kinds of clues that a person or tracking animal (e.g. Bloodhound) can use to discover that the animal passed through that location. Includes but is broader than noun sense 6 of 'trace' in WordNet: 6. trace - (a visible mark (as a footprint) left by the passage of person or animal or vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Remaining ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeingLeftOver ] . :Trachea :guid "bd588e5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trachea1n", "windpipe1n" ; :wordnet "trachea", "windpipe" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all tracheas (Windpipes): air tubes, each of which runs from the #$Larynx to the #$TracheobronchialJunction where it is connected to the two main #$BronchialTubes or bronchi, which lead to the #$Lungs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trachea' in WordNet: 1. (2) trachea, windpipe - (membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RespiratoryTract ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :TracheophytaDivision :guid "bd58da3b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The division in the plant kingdom that contains the vascular plants.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmbryophyteSubkingdom . :TrackOnGround :ldoce "course", "path", "track" ; :wnsense "course5n", "path4n", "track1n" ; :wordnet "course", "path", "track" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """TrackOnGround is a line on the surface of the Earth that represents the projection onto the Earth's surface (including water bodies) of the sequence of a ''Traversal'', i.e.the path created by the series of locations that some moving object (which may be in the air or in the water) occupied within some interval of time. It should have a polarity indicating the direction of movement along the line. As a TemporalThing it has a beginning TimePoint and an ending TimePoint as well as the group of locations, each of which has its own associated TimePoint. This has some resemblance to an Event, but it is a line with associated attributes, created by an Event; it is referred to as a 'track' or 'path', even if no visible traces are left from the movement. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'track' and sense 4 of 'path' and sense 5 of 'course' in WordNet; the 'course of a river' is *not* included, this is only for moving discrete objects.: in WordNet: 4. path, track, course - (a line or route along which something travels or moves; 'the hurricane demolished houses in its path'; 'the track of an animal'; 'the course of the river') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalLine-Intangible, :Path-Generic, :TemporalThing . :TrackedVehicle :guid "be6d8a39-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tracked vehicle1n" ; :wordnet "tracked vehicle" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Trackedvehicle'' is at least partly supported by 'tracks' ('caterpillar treads'), linked metal bands on both sides allowing firm traction on unpaved ground. CYC: A collection of #$LandTransportationDevices. Each instance of #$TrackedVehicle used caterpillar-like tracks (see #$VehicleTrack-Device) instead of, or in addition to, wheels for propulsion. Specializations include #$Tank-Vehicle and #$Bulldozer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tracked vehicle' in WordNet: 1. tracked vehicle - (a self-propelled vehicle that moves on tracks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTransportationDevice, :MilitaryVehicle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VehicleTrack ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Tracker :wnsense "follower2n" ; :wordnet "follower" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tracker'' is an Animal (usually applied to people) who physically and literally follows the path of some other animal, on foot or in a vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'follower' in WordNet: 2. follower - (someone who travels behind or pursues another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FollowingMotion ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Tracking :en "tracking" ; :ldoce "track" ; :wnsense "track2v" ; :wordnet "track" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which an Agent or other Object follows or attempts to follow some path taken by a prior series of Events. This is a general type that includes as subtypes the 'FollowingMotion' of an object that follows spatially after another object (often an animal); it also includes an Investigation in which some IntelligentAgent tries to determine hwo some course of Events proceded through intermediary steps, as in a detective trying to determine where a fugitive went, or what steps in a process occurred to produce a specific result. This differs from normal scientific investigation in being focused on the path of a specific Event, rather than trying to determine general laws that hold for some class of Events. Corresponds to a supertype of verb sense 2 of 'track' in WordNet: 2. (1) track - (observe or plot the moving path of something; 'track a missile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion . :TrackingAnAnimal :ldoce "track" ; :wnsense "track2v", "tracking1n", "trail2v", "trailing1n" ; :wordnet "track", "tracking", "trail", "trailing" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TrackingAnAnimal' is a subtype of 'Tracking' in which some 'IntentionalAgent' follows or attempts to follow some physical path taken by some animal, human or non-human, bya process using the objects, substances, or marks (see ''AnimalTrack'') left by the animal during passage; the TrackingMotion can take place any amount of time after the tracked animal passed through, though it typically gets more difficult with the passage of time. This can be done by or with the help of an animal that is good at tracking other animals, such as a ''bloodhound'. NOTE: the WN verb sense 2 of'track' includes chasing, but this type does not include 'chasing' in the sense that the animal being pursued is in sight; this only includes following by means of a 'trail' or 'track' left behind. For the 'chase' use''FollowingMotion'' or ''ChasingSomething''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tracking' and a small part of verb sense 2 of 'track' in WordNet: 1. trailing, tracking - (the pursuit (of a person or animal) by following tracks or marks they left behind) WN verb'track': 2. (3) chase, chase after, trail, tail, tag, give chase, dog, go after, track - (go after with the intent to catch; \"The policeman chased the mugger down the alley\"; \"the dog chased the rabbit\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tracking . :Tract :wnsense "parcel of land1n", "parcel3n", "piece of ground1n", "piece of land1n", "tract1n" ; :wordnet "parcel", "parcel of land", "piece of ground", "piece of land", "tract" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A delineated piece of RealEstate (the physical objects occupying the Earth's surface in some geographical area) that is owned by one owner (which could be a corporation or Group of people or a public entity). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tract' in Wordnet: 1. (3) tract, piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel - (an extended area of land) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RealEstate . :Traction :wnsense "adhesive friction1n", "grip4n", "traction1n" ; :wordnet "adhesive friction", "grip", "traction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Traction'' is a ''Friction'' that keeps a moving object from slipping or skidding. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traction' in WordNet: 1. grip, traction, adhesive friction - (the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Friction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sliding-Generic ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :Tractor :guid "bd58f559-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tractor1n", "tractor2n" ; :wordnet "tractor" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a generalization of the farm tractor (subtype ''FarmTractor'') and the truck 'tractor' (''TruckTractor'') that pulls a large trailer. The subtypes are distinguishable. CYC has only the farm implement. The unifying attribute is that this type is used in ''Towing'' something on a land surface. This general type may have other subtypes as new 'towing' devices are added. CYC: The collection of vehicles generally used to pull different kinds of farm machinery through a field. container?? \"towing\" = pulling event Includes distinguishable noun senses 1 and 2 of 'tractor' in WordNet: 1. (3) tractor - (a wheeled vehicle with large wheels; used in farming and other applications) 2. tractor - (a truck that has a cab but no body; used for pulling large trailers or vans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternalCombustionPoweredDevice, :LandTransportationVehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Towing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :TractorTrailer :wnsense "articulated lorry1n", "rig2n", "semi2n", "tractor trailer1n", "trailer truck1n", "trucking rig1n" ; :wordnet "articulated lorry", "rig", "semi", "tractor trailer", "trailer truck", "trucking rig" ; a :GroupType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TractorTrailer'' is a combination of ''TruckTractor'' and ''TruckTrailer'' that function together as a type of large 'Truck''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tractor trailer' in WordNet: 1. trailer truck, tractor trailer, trucking rig, rig, articulated lorry, semi - (a truck consisting of a tractor and trailer together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :PairOfObjects, :RoadVehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TruckTractor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TruckTrailer ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TradeBook :wnsense "trade book1n", "trade edition1n" ; :wordnet "trade book", "trade edition" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TradeBook'' is a 'Book-Abstract' that is the Abstract content of a book intended for sale to the general public, the sort of book one finds in book stores.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trade book' in WordNet: 1. trade book, trade edition - (a book intended for general readership) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Book-Abstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :RetailSale ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :TradeGoal :guid "be909fd7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute characterizing goals which are concerned with having access to international markets and other trading advantages. A minimal trade goal is simply being able to trade. Example: (#$goalCategoryForAgent (#$GovernmentFn #$China-PeoplesRepublic) (#$groupMembers #$China-PeoplesRepublic #$WorldTradeOrganization) #$TradeGoal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Goal . :TradeName :wnsense "brand name1n", "brand1n", "marque1n", "trade name1n" ; :wordnet "brand", "brand name", "marque", "trade name" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TradeName is a Name for a Product or line of products that can also be described by a more generic name. In general a ''TradeName'' is copyrighted, but generic usage by the public can undermine that copyright, For drugs, for example, 'Aspirin' was originally a TradeName for acetylsalicylic acid, but has become so widely used it is used as though it is a generic name. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trade name' in WordNet: 1. (3) trade name, brand name, brand, marque - (a name given to a product or service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Name . :TradeOff :wnsense "trade-off1n", "tradeoff1n" ; :wordnet "trade-off", "tradeoff" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TradeOff' is the Action of giving up a Desirable ''FutureSituation'' in order to achieve a more Desirable ''FutureSituation''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tradeoff' in WordNet: 1. tradeoff, trade-off - (an exchange that occurs as a compromise; 'I faced a tradeoff between eating and buying my medicine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgreeingEvent, :Exchange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :DesiredFutureSituation ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :TradeWorker :en "tradesman" ; :guid "bd58b869-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "artificer2n", "artisan1n", "craftsman1n", "journeyman1n" ; :wordnet "artificer", "artisan", "craftsman", "journeyman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of persons; a subset of #$BlueCollarWorker. Each element of #$TradeWorker is a worker who performs a skilled trade. Such skills are typically acquired through practical training and do not require an academic or higher education, though some individuals working in a trade may have college degrees. A large portion of #$TradeWorker includes various types of workers in the building trades, such as the members of its subsets #$Carpenter, #$Electrician, #$Plumber, #$Painter-Tradesperson, #$Roofer, etc. Other subsets include workers who maintain or repair things, e.g., those included in #$Gardener, #$ShoeCobbler, #$ApplianceRepairPerson, #$CarMechanic, #$MaintenancePerson, etc. COSMO note: in COSMO there is a borderline set of occupations that can be considered as 'trades' and also as 'professional', such as ''Butcher'' and ''Baker''. SUMO: (OccupationalTrade) Any Position that involves skilled manual work. same as RHW 'tradesman: 2. a worker skilled in a particular craft; artisan; craftsman 'tradesman' in WN does not include this sense. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'craftsman' in Wordnet: 3. (1) craftsman, artisan, journeyman, artificer - (a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlueCollarWorker, :SkilledWorker . :TradeableSecurity :en "tradeable security" ; :enn "tradeable security" ; :guid "bf45ce34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Agreements (some of which are technically #$LoanAgreements) issued by #$Organizations (typical examples include #$LegalCorporations and #$LocalGovernmentOrganizations) and bought and sold by investors. An instance of #$TradeableSecurity being issued means that, in effect, the #$Agreement is sold to an investor or to a a #$creditor (which could be an individual investor or another #$Organization) for funds that are then held by the issuer of the security for it own use and either repaid at an agreed upon rate (see #$yieldToMaturity), paid in the form of dividends, or are absorbed by the #$Organization in return for ownership.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AuthorizedAgreement, :FinancialSecurity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TradeableSecurityCertificate ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalRepresentation ] . :TradeableSecurityCertificate :en "tradeable security certificate" ; :enn "tradeable security certificate" ; :guid "bfe0d781-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$FinancialDocuments that are also #$OfficialDocuments (and thus must be #$HardcopyInformationBearingObjects), that record some legal right or obligation, and that have monetary value--and thus, are tradeable. Specializations include #$BondCertificate and #$StockCertificate.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialDocument, :OfficialDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TradeableSecurity ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :Trademark :en "registered trademark" ; :guid "bd61c28f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trademark2n" ; :wordnet "trademark" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Trademark'' is an ''AbstractlSymbol'' that is usually but not necessarily a series of alphabetical characters, though they may be so stylized that they can be difficult to recognize. CYC: 'Trademark-String' #$Trademark-String is the collection of all (abstract) character strings that are used by some agent as the trademark of some goods or service. It is a kind of #$ProperNameString. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trademark' in WordNet: 2. (1) trademark - (a formally registered symbol identifying the manufacturer or distributor of a product) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ] . :TrademarkRight :en "trademark right" ; a :AgreementType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TrademarkRight'' is a Right to restrict use of a ''Trademark'' and to sue for damages if the Trademark is misused. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalAgreement, :LegalDocument-Abstract, :Right, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RegisteringaTrademark ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ] . :Trader :guid "bd590095-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bargainer1n", "dealer1n", "monger1n", "trader1n" ; :wordnet "bargainer", "dealer", "monger", "trader" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Retailer'' who buys and sells goods but does not maintain a Retail store. This includes sock traders, but not brokers. Instances are agents who trade goods and services for a living, or who facilitate such trades for a living. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trader' in WordNet: 1. (5) trader, bargainer, dealer, monger - (someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Merchant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetailSale ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :TradingEvent a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CommercialActivity in which goods are transferred to an Agent for sale in some distant location. This differs form general commerce in that either the recipient is not the end user, or the recipient is located at some distance from the provider of the goods traded. OCM (Exchange) General statements dealing with several aspects of the mechanisms of transferring economic goods and the titles to them, with the volume of such transactions, and with the determination of prices and economic values.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialActivity . :TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities :en "trading bonds", "trading commodities", "trading stocks" ; :wnsense "trading1n" ; :wordnet "trading" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of buying and/or selling one or more ''FinancialSecurity''s, including any interest in 'commodities'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trading' in WordNet: 1. (2) trading - (buying or selling securities or commodities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Investing, :MoneyTransaction, :TradingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FinancialSecurity ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SecuritiesExchange ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :TradingStocks :en "trading stocks" ; :wnsense "trading1n" ; :wordnet "trading" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TradingStocks'' is the act of buying and/or selling one or more ''Stock-Financial''s, typically performed on a Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trading' in WordNet: 1. (2) trading - (buying or selling securities or commodities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stock-Financial ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StockExchange ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :Tradition :wnsense "tradition1n", "tradition2n" ; :wordnet "tradition" ; a :CeremonyType, :CustomType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Tradition'' is a ''Custom'' that is a habitual or typical manner of behavior of any kind, among any community,that may differ from other communities of the same kind. A 'traditional' pracice that is specific to one indidivudal should be represented by 'Custom'. A'customary' or traditional practice specific to one individual should be classified as a ''Habit''. Includes both noun senses of 'tradition' in WordNet: 1. (28) tradition - (an inherited pattern of thought or action) 2. (15) custom, tradition - (a specific practice of long standing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Custom, :SocialOccurrence . :Traditional :guid "bfa37f35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Nontraditional ; :pertainsTo :Tradition ; :wnsense "traditional1adj", "traditional2adj" ; :wordnet "traditional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An attribute used to describe those things, activities, methods of doing things which are typical of the past, and/or which are viewed as conventional and well-established. Includes both adjective senses of 'traditional' in WordNet: 1. (23) traditional - (consisting of or derived from tradition; 'traditional history'; 'traditional morality') 2. (3) traditional - (pertaining to time-honored orthodox doctrines; 'the simple security of traditional assumptions has vanished') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TraditionalClothing :en "traditional clothing" ; :guid "c10adf97-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A thing to wear which is characteristic of the culture of a particular ethnic group and not of modern western attire. Examples: Viking hats, lederhosen, kimonos, ... """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TraditionalCultural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TraditionalCultural :en "cultural", "traditional", "traditional cultural" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Modern ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TraditionalCultural'' is a specialized attribute characteristic of things (clothing, ceremonies, food) that are 'OldFashioned' and specific to a particular culture, and (except for food) not usually used other than within activities intended to display or celebrate a traditional culture. Typically referred to by the term 'traditional'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cultural, :OldFashioned . :Traditionally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Traditional ; :wnsense "traditionally1adv" ; :wordnet "traditionally" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Traditionally'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies an Action to describe how that action is performed according to the traditions of a group - an action that affirms that that action is done in the ''Traditional'' manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'traditionally' in WordNet: 1. (1) traditionally - (according to tradition; in a traditional manner; 'traditionally, we eat fried foods on Hanukah') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Traffic :guid "c0fd4ec1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "traffic" ; :wnsense "traffic1n" ; :wordnet "traffic" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Event in which a Group of 'MovingTransportationDevice's are moving at a particular time in a particular Region. CYC: The event made up of many driving #$subEvents in a given place over a given time period. This is for vehicles. For pedestrian traffic, use 'PedestrianTraffic'. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'traffic' in WordNet, but including only the vehicles moving at a particualar time in a particular place: in WordNet: 1. (14) traffic - (the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :Group, :LocomotionEvent, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MovingTransportationDevices ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :TrafficCircle :wnsense "circle5n", "rotary1n", "roundabout1n", "traffic circle1n" ; :wordnet "circle", "rotary", "roundabout", "traffic circle" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TrafficCircle'' is a ''RoadIntersection'' in which the roads do not directly intersect in a 'cross' but intersect with a Roadway in the (approximate) shape of a Circle, so that traffic gong through or turning onto another roadway must traverse the circle. Any number of roads may connect with the ''TrafficCircle''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traffic circle' in WordNet: 1. traffic circle, circle, rotary, roundabout - (a road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island; \"the accident blocked all traffic at the rotary\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoadIntersection, :Roadway, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Roadway ] . :TrafficCongestion :en "traffic congestion", "traffic snarl" ; :guid "c0fd50ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "congestion2n", "snarl-up1n", "traffic jam1n" ; :wordnet "congestion", "snarl-up", "traffic jam" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TrafficCongestion'' is an ''Overcrowding'' of vehicles on some Roadway. CYC 'TrafficJam': The type of traffic in which there are so many cars (or other vehicles) that the drivers are often stopped longer than they are moving. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traffic jam' in WordNet: 1. traffic jam, snarl-up - (a number of vehicles blocking one another until they can scarcely move) WN noun 'congestion': 1. congestion, over-crowding - (excessive crowding; 'traffic congestion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Overcrowding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrivingaRoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingTransportationDevices ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :TrafficLight :guid "c0f2b4b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "stoplight2n", "traffic light1n", "traffic signal1n" ; :wordnet "stoplight", "traffic light", "traffic signal" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A thing which usually hangs over roads near intersections and tells cars when they must stop, go, or slow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traffic light' in WordNet: 1. (1) traffic light, traffic signal, stoplight - (a visual signal to control the flow of traffic at intersections) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalLightingDevice, :InformationBearingObject, :VisualInformationBearingThing, :WarningSignal . :TrafficSign :en "traffic sign" ; :wnsense "sign2n" ; :wordnet "sign" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TrafficSign'' is a ''NoticeSign'' that contains visual information that can be interpreted quickly by a moving car, used on the sides of or above a RoadWay to provide information to motorists about how to proceed legally, or about traffic conditions. A 'stop light' doesn't fit the definition as a sheet. No WN entry. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NoticeSign . :Trafficking :en "trafficking" ; :enn "trafficking" ; :wnsense "traffic1v" ; :wordnet "traffic" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'traffic' in WordNet: 1. traffic - (deal illegally; 'traffic drugs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Merchandising, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illegal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :OutlawedObjectType ] . :Tragedy :guid "e8dfef26-3a18-41d7-8591-81d2f7b92fed" ; :wnsense "tragedy2n" ; :wordnet "tragedy" ; a :GenreType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A'Tragedy'' is a ''DramaticComposition'' in which the fortune of the protagonist of the Drama becomes seriously bad. Coontrasts with 'comedy'. For example Julius Caesar'; 'King Lear' from Shakespeare. CYC has ('Tragedy-Genre'): The collection of instances of #$PropositionalConceptualWork that are of the tragedy genre. Usually something bad happens to someone in these works. RHW 'tragedy': a dramatic composition, often in verse, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to downfall or destruction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tragedy' in WordNet: 2. (1) tragedy - (drama in which the protagonist is overcome by some superior force or circumstance; excites terror or pity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DramaticComposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pity ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Tragic :isMoreIntenseThan :VeryBad ; :wnsense "tragic1adj", "tragical1adj" ; :wordnet "tragic", "tragical" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Tragic' is an AttributeValue of Events that are ''Injurious'' (in a physical or psychological sense) as well as 'VeryBad'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tragic' in WordNet: 1. (7) tragic, tragical - (very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction; 'a tragic face'; 'a tragic plight'; 'a tragic accident') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injurious, :Saddening, :VeryBad . :TragicEvent :en "tragedy", "tragic event" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TragicEvent'' is a ''BadLuckEvent' that causes great harm or death to at least one Person. WN does not have a 'tragedy' entry for great harm to only one person ('Disaster' should be for more than one or a few persons. The RHW sense 6 of 'tragedy' seems to fit: a lamentable, dreadful, or fatal event or affair; calamity; disaster: the tragedy of war. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadLuckEvent, :HarmingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tragic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Trail :wnsense "trail2n" ; :wordnet "trail" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Trail'' is a ''Footpath'' through a forest or wilderness-like area. It may be wide enough to be traversible by off-road vehicles, but it was not created for vehicle use and is unpaved (except possibly in some short sections). Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trail' in WordNet: 2. (4) trail - (a path or track roughly blazed through wild or hilly country) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Footpath, :PublicProperty, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RuralArea ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :Trailer :guid "bd5892ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "house trailer1n", "trailer3n", "trailer4n" ; :wordnet "house trailer", "trailer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A wagon, van, box, etc. designed to be pulled by an automobile, truck, or other powered Device. This includes all types of such trailers, but if the subtype is known (e.g. ''TruckTrailer''), that type should be used. This is the generic 'trailer' including both the large 'trailer' of tractor-trailers use inshipping, and also the mobile homes that are pulled rather than complete with motor. NOTE: wagons, designed to be pulled by animals, are not 'Trailers' in COSMO. WN Sense 3 is also represented by subtype ''TruckTrailer''. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'trailer' in WordNet: 3. trailer - (a large transport conveyance designed to be pulled by a truck or tractor) 4. trailer, house trailer - (a wheeled vehicle that can be pulled by a car or truck and is equipped for occupancy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationContainerProduct, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Towing ; owl:onProperty :isMovedInEvent ] . :Train-TransportationDevice :guid "bd58c825-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "train" ; :wnsense "train1n" ; :wordnet "train" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Train-TransportationDevice is a specialization of #$WheeledTransportationDevice, #$TransportationContainerProduct, and #$PublicTransportationDevice. Each instance of a #$Train-TransportationDevice is a train, i.e., a transportation device that runs on #$Railways and consists of multiple #$TrainCars coupled together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'train' in WordNet: 1. (24) train, railroad train - (public transport provided by a line of railway cars coupled together and drawn by a locomotive; 'express trains don't stop at Princeton Junction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device, :DurableGood, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, :TransportationContainerProduct, :TransportationDevice-Vehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice . :Trained :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :TrainingAnAnimal ; :wnsense "broken in1adj", "broken5adj", "trained1adj" ; :wordnet "broken", "broken in", "trained" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Trained'' is the attribute of an animal that has been trained in any way, not just horses having been 'Broken In', even though the only WN gloss for ''TrainingAnAnimal'' includes only breaking in. This is not for people. For People, 'trained' is represened by attribute ''Taught''. NOTE that 'broken' should be a subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'broken in' in WordNet: 1. broken, broken in - (tamed or trained to obey; 'a horse broken to the saddle'; 'this old nag is well broken in') WN adj 'trained': 1. (8) trained - (shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form; 'a trained mind'; 'trained pigeons'; 'well-trained servants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Trainee :wnsense "trainee1n" ; :wordnet "trainee" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Trainee' is the Role of a Person who is one of the People who is being ''Taught'' in a ''TrainingAnAgent'' Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trainee' in WordNet: 1. trainee - (someone who is being trained) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beneficiary, :HumanRole, :Participant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrainingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :isTheRecipientOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :TrainingAnAgent ] . :Trainer :wnsense "trainer1n" ; :wordnet "trainer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Trainer'' is a ''Person'' that trains people or animals. This is broad and includes ''Teacher'' as subtype. Not just for training physical actions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trainer' in WordNet: 1. trainer - (one who trains other persons or animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrainingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ] . :Training :ldoce "instruction", "lesson", "train" ; :wnsense "cultivate3v", "instruction2n", "lesson1n", "train2v", "train5v", "training1n" ; :wordnet "cultivate", "instruction", "lesson", "train", "training" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the general sense of 'training' which includes the intransitive sense of a Person acting to improve her/his own skills as well as the assisted 'training' in which some teacher or coach helps an Animal (human or nonhuman) to improve some skills; the assisted ''Training'' is more specifically represented by the subtype ''TrainingAnAgent''. Each 'Training' is an Action in which some person (including Students) acquires knowledge or physical skills that will enable that Person to perform some Action better than one who is untrained or inexperienced. Since Training is a preparation to perform some type of Action, this type is also a subtype of 'PreparingForSituation'. This is a very general meaning of 'train' and includes many subtypes. NOTE that ''Training'' (a learning how to do something) includes as a subtype ''Studying'' because learning information will (*often* though not always) be useful in performing actions requiring knowledge. NOTE: this includes the perspectives of the person doing the ''Training'' and the animal being trained - transitive and intransitive senses. Includes verb senses 2 and part of sense 5 (not for transitive actions, represented by ''TrainingAnAgent'') of 'train' and noun sense 1 of 'lesson' and noun sense 1 of 'training' and part of noun sense 2 of 'instruction' in WordNet: WN verb 'train': 2. (9) train, prepare - (undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession; 'She is training to be a teacher'; 'He trained as a legal aid') 5. (1) educate, school, train, cultivate, civilize, civilise - (train to be discriminative in taste or judgment; 'Cultivate your musical taste'; 'Train your tastebuds'; 'She is well schooled in poetry') 1. (6) lesson - (a unit of instruction; 'he took driving lessons') WN noun 'training: 1. (71) training, preparation, grooming - (activity leading to skilled behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PreparingForSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LearningHowToDoSomething ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LearningHowToDoSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Preparatory ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TrainingAnAgent :ldoce "instruction", "lesson", "train" ; :wnsense "civilise1v", "civilize1v", "develop8v", "educate2v", "educate3v", "groom1v", "instruction2n", "lesson1n", "prepare5v", "prepare6v", "school2v", "train1v", "train4v", "train5v" ; :wordnet "civilise", "civilize", "develop", "educate", "groom", "instruction", "lesson", "prepare", "school", "train" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TrainingAnAgent' is a ''Training'' Action which is an instance of ''Teaching'' in which some Student (or NonHumanAnimal to be 'trained') acquires knowledge or skill that will enable that Student to perform some Action better than one who is untrained or inexperienced. Since Training is a preparation to perform some type of Action, this type is also a subtype of 'PreparingForSituation'. This is a very general meaning of 'train' and include many subtypes.. NOTE: this is a subtype of the generic ''Training'' that requires some kind of ''Trainer'' (coach or teacher) to assist the person or Animal being trained - the transitive sense of 'train', from the perspective of the ''Trainer'' doing the training. Includes verb senses 1 to 5 of 'train' and noun sense 1 of 'lesson' and noun sense 1 of 'training' and part of noun sense 2 of 'instruction' in WordNet: WN verb 'train': 1. (14) train, develop, prepare, educate - (create by training and teaching; 'The old master is training world-class violinists'; 'we develop the leaders for the future') 4. (5) prepare, groom, train - (prepare (someone) for a future role or function; 'He is grooming his son to become his successor'; 'The prince was prepared to become King one day'; 'They trained him to be a warrior') 5. (1) educate, school, train, cultivate, civilize, civilise - (train to be discriminative in taste or judgment; 'Cultivate your musical taste'; 'Train your tastebuds'; 'She is well schooled in poetry') 1. (6) lesson - (a unit of instruction; 'he took driving lessons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :Teaching, :Training, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trainer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :TrainingAnAnimal :en "training an animal" ; :wnsense "break in6v", "break12v" ; :wordnet "break", "break in" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TrainingAnAnimal'' is an Action in which some ''NonHumanAnimal'' is trained to perform some action that the animal does not perform naturally, or to refrain from some actions when commanded to. 'hadAgentHelped' is not quite right here - need a new parent for 'train'. no WN sense fits. Part of the sese is captured by ''break': in WordNet: 12. (3) break in, break - (make submissive, obedient, or useful; 'The horse was tough to break'; 'I broke in the new intern') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingAnAgent, :TrainingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHelped ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ] . :Trait :wnsense "trait1n" ; :wordnet "trait" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Trait is an instance of ''AttributeTypeType'' that takes values of some characteristic, often of an animal's personality, but also physical attributes that may have quantitative or qualitative values. A ''Trait'' may be considered as a part of the total character or nature of something. Examples are kindness, ambitiousness, aggressiveness, friendliness, or for PhysicalAttributes, Distance, Hardness, Thickness. The name of a ''Trait''s may be *nominalized* forms of an adjective, ad the values it takes will have different intuitive relations to the associated attributes. NOTE there may be some overlap between certain terms for a ''Trait'' (an attribute) and for a ''Feeling'' (in COSMO a PersistentEvent); see relations described below. See ''Determination'' and ''Resolution-Emotion'' (in CYC and COSMO this is a ''Feeling''). One consideration is that ''Determination'' can be short term and focused on a specific task, whereas a ''Trait'' should be some characteristic that lasts and is predictable. Perhaps: Trait isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling - (longer lasting emotion???). Then a persisting emotion can be viewed as a Trait.??? Related concepts: Trait PersistentState(Feeling/HavingAnAttribute) AttributeValue Trait isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait Trait AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing PersistentState(any EventType) AttributeValue isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling Feeling Feeling isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute AttributeValue Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trait' in Wordnet: 1. (3) trait - (a distinguishing feature of your personal nature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :Traitor :wnsense "traitor1n", "treasonist1n" ; :wordnet "traitor", "treasonist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traitor' in WordNet: 1. (4) traitor, treasonist - (someone who betrays his country by committing treason) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Betrayer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Treason ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Treasonous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TrajansColumn :consistsOfSubstance :Stone ; :hasHeightInMeters "30"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :Rome_Italy ; :isOwnedBy :Rome_Italy ; a :RigidColumn ; rdfs:comment """'Trajan's Column'' is a ''RigidColumn'' erected to commemorate the victory of RomanEmperor Trajan in the Dacian wars. Wikipedia: Trajan's Column is a Roman triumphal column in Rome, Italy, that commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars. It was probably constructed under the supervision of the architect Apollodorus of Damascus at the order of the Roman Senate. It is located in Trajan's Forum, built near the Quirinal Hill, north of the Roman Forum. Completed in AD 113, the freestanding column is most famous for its spiral bas relief, which artistically represents the wars between the Romans and Dacians (101-102 and 105-106). Its design has inspired numerous victory columns, both ancient and modern. The structure is about 30 metres (98 feet) in height, 35 metres (115 feet) including its large pedestal. The shaft is made from a series of 20 colossal Carrara marble drums, each weighing about 32 tons, with a diameter of 3.7 metres (12.1 feet). The 190-metre (620-foot) frieze winds around the shaft 23 times. Inside the shaft, a spiral staircase of 185 steps provides access to a viewing platform at the top. The capital block of Trajan's Column weighs 53.3 tons, which had to be lifted to a height of c. 34 metres (112 feet). Ancient coins indicate preliminary plans to top the column with a statue of a bird, probably an eagle, but after construction, a statue of Trajan was put in place; this statue disappeared in the Middle Ages. On December 4, 1587, the top was crowned by Pope Sixtus V with a bronze figure of St. Peter, which remains to this day. The column was originally flanked by two libraries, which may have contained Trajan's scroll-written despatches from his Roman-Dacian Wars. Filippo Coarelli suggests that such scrolls are the basis both of the column's design and its spiraling, sculpted narrative. The column shows 2,662 figures, and 155 scenes; Trajan himself appears on the column 58 times. """ . :Trajectory :guid "bd58d17a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trajectory1n" ; :wordnet "trajectory" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Trajectory' is a ''Path-Generic'' (connected series of spatial locations) over which some Object has traveled or can travel or may travel. This does not include any reference to the times at which an Object was or will be in any portion of the ''Trajectory''. Eah instance of this type is a ''Path-Generic'' created by the series of locations that some moving object(s) (which may be in the air or in the water) occupied within some interval of time. A projection of this ''Trajectory'' onto the surface of the Earth (or another planet) would be a ''TrackOnGround''. CYC: The collection of all trajectories of moving objects: each instance of #$Trajectory is the individual spatial region consisting of the points in space through which an object passes during a #$Movement-TranslationEvent. A trajectory may or may not follow some pre-existing or pre-defined path (#$Path-Generic). If it does follow one or more such paths, it determines a #$Traversal of those paths. A #$Trajectory is understood and defined as a spatial line with one of the two possible directions of motion along it. It is considered as being a part of some stationary background space (thus, in most contexts, a #$Trajectory cannot itself 'move'). Unlike a #$Path-Generic, a #$Trajectory (or a #$Traversal) can cross itself any number of times, and go back along itself, cycle over and over again, etc. If there is a #$Movement-TranslationEvent, then that event always has a #$Trajectory; it is linked to its #$Trajectory by the #$ActorSlots #$trajectory-Complete and possibly #$trajectory-Partial. In most contexts, a #$Trajectory will be a line (or rather a one-manifold) through space as traced by some designated point within the moving object (e.g., the center of gravity), but the collection #$Trajectory-SweptSpace is available to represent the whole space (with space and thickness) swept through by a moving object. Contrast #$Trajectory with #$Path-Generic and with #$Traversal. Includes but is broader than WN 'trajectory: this does not have to be a 'flight': it can occur on or under ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trajectory' in WordNet: 1. trajectory, flight - (the path followed by an object moving through space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalLine-Intangible, :IntangibleExistingThing, :Path-Generic, :SpatialThing-Localized . :Tramping :wnsense "tramp1v" ; :wordnet "tramp" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tramping'' is any 'long distance\" ''Walking'' (more than a mile, usually done in a vehicle if possible) for any purpose. NOTE: long-distance walking for exercise is represented by the subtype(s) ''WalkingForExercise'' or ''Hiking'' (if also for recreation). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tramp' in WordNet: 1. (7) tramp - (travel on foot, especially on a walking expedition; 'We went tramping about the state of Colorado') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess . :Trampling :wnsense "trample1v", "tread2v" ; :wordnet "trample", "tread" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Trampling'' is a type of ''Treading'' where the feet are placed down heavily so as to exert a force greater than simply stepping on that object. This can be performed by morethan one Person at a time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trample' in WordNet: 1. (5) tread, trample - (tread or stomp heavily or roughly; 'The soldiers trampled across the fields') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Treading . :Trampoline :wnsense "trampoline1n" ; :wordnet "trampoline" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trampoline' in WordNet: 1. trampoline - (gymnastic apparatus consisting of a strong canvas sheet attached with springs to a metal frame; used for tumbling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameArtifact, :ManufacturedGoods, :NonPoweredDevice, :SportsEquipment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Frame ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Trance :wnsense "trance2n" ; :wordnet "trance" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Trance'' is a deep sleeplike state having similarity to 'Unconsciousness'.in that the subject may not remember anything while in that state. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trance' in WordNet: 2. (1) trance - (a state of mind in which consciousness is fragile and voluntary action is poor or missing; a state resembling deep sleep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unconsciousness . :Tranquilizer :guid "c0fd5887-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "antianxiety agent1n", "ataractic agent1n", "ataractic drug1n", "ataractic1n", "tranquilizer1n", "tranquilliser1n", "tranquillizer1n" ; :wordnet "antianxiety agent", "ataractic", "ataractic agent", "ataractic drug", "tranquilizer", "tranquilliser", "tranquillizer" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Drugs which are used to calm patients with psychoses. Milder versions are also used as anti-depressants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tranquilizer' in WordNet: 1. (3) tranquilizer, tranquillizer, tranquilliser, antianxiety agent, ataractic drug, ataractic agent, ataractic - (a drug used to reduce stress or tension without reducing mental clarity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PsychoactiveAgent . :TransSexual :wnsense "transexual1n", "transexual2n", "transsexual1n", "transsexual2n" ; :wordnet "transexual", "transsexual" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'transsexual' in WordNet: 1. transsexual, transexual - (a person who has undergone a sex change operation) 2. transsexual, transexual - (a person whose sexual identification is entirely with the opposite sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Transgender ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TransactingBusiness :wnsense "transact1v" ; :wordnet "transact" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transact' in WordNet: 1. (2) transact - (conduct business; 'transact with foreign governments') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessEvent, :Interacting, :SocialInteraction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfPeople ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Transaction :eng "trading" ; :guid "bd58dd7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "exchange", "trade" ; :wnsense "barter1n", "barter1v", "swap1n", "swap1v", "trade2v", "trade3n", "trade3v", "trade4v", "transaction1n" ; :wordnet "barter", "swap", "trade", "transaction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$CooperationEvent. Each instance of #$Transaction is an event in which goods, services, or funds are willingly exchanged or transferred. Specializations include #$Investing, #$MoneyTransfer, and #$Bartering. This is a reciprocal exchange - for one-way exchanges, the more general 'ChangeOfPossession' can be used. NOTE: this type represents *one* interaction between two or more agents; for a series of such interactions use ''TransactionSeries''. NOTE also that the synset with 'transaction is used here and for ''TransactionSeries'', but the labels 'dealing' and 'dealings' are used only for the plural sense. COSMO note: this is a specialization of 'Exchange' for exchanges of valuable things between IntelligentAgents. However, the 'valuable thing' can be abstract, such as a ''Promise'. NOTE: With 'DualObjectEvent'as an ancestor, (at least one) PairOfObjects exchanged must be specified. Each Object (Actually any ''ValuableThing'', including Services or Promises) in that Pair will acquire the Role of a ''QuidProQuo'' NOTE: the Cyc concept may also include one-way transfers, but in COSMO this concept if only bi- or multi-directional. SUMO: The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where something is exchanged for something else. YALE-OCM (Exchange, 430) General statements dealing with several aspects of the mechanisms of transferring economic goods and the titles to them, with the volume of such transactions, and with the determination of prices and economic values. NOTE that this is a specialized sense of 'transaction' not listed in WordNet - the only WordNet sense is more general, not requiring an exchange of valuables: This sense is only part of the WordNet sense Corresponds approximately to part (where things are actually exchanged) of sense 1 (the only sense) of 'transaction' and verb senses 2,3, and 4 and noun sense 3 of 'trade' and includes noun and verb senses 'barter' and 'swap' in WordNet: 1. (2) transaction, dealing, dealings - (the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities); 'no transactions are possible without him'; 'he has always been honest is his dealings with me') WN verb 'trade': 2. (6) trade, trade in - (turn in as payment or part payment for a purchase; 'trade in an old car for a new one') 3. (2) trade - (be traded at a certain price or under certain conditions; 'The stock traded around $20 a share') 4. (2) trade, swap, swop, switch - (exchange or give (something) in exchange for) WN noun 'trade': 3. (107) barter, swap, swop, trade - (an equal exchange; 'we had no money so we had to live by barter') WN verb 'barter': 1. barter - (exchange goods without involving money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfPossession, :Exchange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :QuidProQuo ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReciprocalAction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :TransactionList a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TransactionList'' is a ''List'' of ''MoneyTransaction''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MoneyTransaction ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :TransactionSeries :wnsense "dealing2n", "dealings3n", "transaction1n" ; :wordnet "dealing", "dealings", "transaction" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TransactionSeries'' is a Series of ''Transaction''s between the same group of ''IntelligentAgent''s, which could be People or Organizations including ''Country''s. NOTE: the only sense of 'transaction' in WN is this synset. In order to distinguish one 'transaction' or exchange from a series, in COSMO this synset is used for both the singular ''Transation'' and this plural, though the terms 'dealing' and 'dealings' label only this type. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'dealings ' in WordNet: 3. transaction, dealing, dealings - (the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities); 'no transactions are possible without him'; 'he has always been honest is his dealings with me') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Transaction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Transcendent :isMoreIntenseThan :Extraordinary ; :perceivingCausesMentalEvent :Admiration ; :wnsense "surpassing1adj", "transcendent2adj" ; :wordnet "surpassing", "transcendent" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Transcendent'' is a property of Events or Facts or properties of things that are ''Extraordinary'' in a way that is considered ''Admirable'' (very ''Good''). 'transcendent beauty' This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary - > Transcendent Amazing (astonising + Surprising + Incredible) Astounding Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'transcendent' in Wordnet: 2. transcendent, surpassing - (exceeding or surpassing usual limits especially in excellence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Admirable, :Extraordinary . :TranscribingSpeech :wnsense "transcribe1v" ; :wordnet "transcribe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TranscribingSpeech'' is the creation of a ''Transcription'' (a written document) that is intended to record the words spoken by one or more ''Person''s whether in person or previously recorded in some recording medium. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'transcribe' in WordNet: 1. (1) transcribe - (write out from speech, notes, etc.; 'Transcribe the oral history of this tribe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingWrittenMaterial . :Transcription :wnsense "transcription1n", "written text1n" ; :wordnet "transcription", "written text" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Transcription'' is a 'WrittenCommunication' that is intended to record inwriting something that was spoken, whether in person (as in dictation or a stenographer making a record of a conversation) or in some other medium, such as an audio recording or a video recording. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transcription' in WordNet: 1. (1) transcription, written text - (something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenCommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TranscribingSpeech ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Transducer :wnsense "transducer1n" ; :wordnet "transducer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transducer' in WordNet: 1. (11) transducer - (an electrical device that converts one form of energy into another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConvertingEnergyForms ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :TransferIn :guid "bd631969-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a TransferIn may be a transfer of something intangible that is not actually possessed in the same way by an agent doing the transfer - awarding a degree, honor, or praise is a 'TransferIn' though nothing is lost by the agent doing the awarding. In a TransferIn, an agent or location may 'have; something it didn't have, but that does not require a loss for any other agent or location. This is pretty abstract, and is useful mostly as a type that can be the domain of some special relations. Cyc: A collection of events. Each instance of #$TransferIn is a #$GeneralizedTransfer (q.v.) for which there is a well-defined thing that it is a transfer to (see #$to-Generic), but not necessarily a well-defined thing that it is a transfer from (see #$from-Generic). Subcollections of #$TransferIn include #$Collecting, #$GainingUserRights, and #$AccessingAnIBT. At the end of a #$TransferIn, the thing transferred (see #$transferredThing) is in some sense located at the #$to-Generic. Non- examples of #$TransferIn include instances of #$AbandoningSomething (when there is no prospective owner) and of #$IBTGeneration (when the information may go to various unspecified locations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inward ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :Object :MoneyObject :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :AttributeValueType :ObjectGroup :GroupType ) ] ] . :TransferOfControl :guid "4c0f918e-20cd-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events and a specialization of #$GainingControl and #$LosingControlOfAControlledActor. Each instance of this collection is an event in which an object which is under the control of some agent has that control transferred to another agent different from the first. 'Control' here means the ability on the part of an agent to determine 'what happens to' another object or agent. In the case where the thing controlled exhibits 'activities' or 'behavior', this extends to a nontrivial ability to direct or circumscribe some important aspect of the behavior that the object or agent exhibits. An agent with independent goals and purposes that is under 'control' is not able to freely pursue those goals and purposes: i.e., the 'controller' is able to exert some kind of significant and immediate check upon the 'controlled' agent's capacity to pursue its goals at whim. Every #$TransferOfControl presupposes exactly one #$Agent who #$takesControl of the thing being transferred, exactly one #$Agent who #$losesControl of the thing being transferred, and one thing that is the #$objectOfControlTransfer, i.e., the object of the transfer of control. In some cases, e.g., #$CapturingAnimal or #$TakingAPersonPrisoner, the agent who #$losesControl coincides with the thing that is the #$objectOfControlTransfer. You cannot have a #$TransferOfControl without someone or something that #$losesControl, however. E.g., finding and taking an (unclaimed) penny in the street is merely a #$GainingControl. A given #$TransferOfControl is not necessarily #$doneBy the agent who #$takesControl or by the agent who #$losesControl: it could conceivably be instigated by a third party independent of either of these.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :GainingControl, :LosingControlOfAControlledObject . :TransferOut :guid "bdc16356-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: GeneralizedTransfer in COSMO is required to have an origin and destination, so this Cyc type has been reinterpreted as a subtype of Event, so that no ending place is required. Cyc: A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer. #$TransferOut includes all instances of #$GeneralizedTransfer in which some object plays the role of #$from-Generic, but in which there may or may not be any object playing the role of #$to-Generic. At the start of a #$TransferOut, the object playing the role of #$transferredThing is 'located' at the object playing the role of #$from-Generic. The collection #$TransferOut includes, among other things, all instances of the collections #$Emission, #$LosingUserRights, and #$DistributionEvent. Negative examples of #$TransferOut include some instances of #$AppropriatingSomething (when there is no previous owner) and some instances of #$Hearing (when the sounds may come from various unspecified locations) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :GenericAgent :Object ) ] ] . :TransferringOwnership :en "transfer of ownership" ; :guid "bd5908d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "transfer5v", "transfer6n", "transference2n" ; :wordnet "transfer", "transference" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$TransferringPossession. In each instance of #$TransferringOwnership the ownership of some object passes from one agent to another. That is, there is a transfer from one #$Agent to another of a #$FullUseRights and the #$ExclusiveUserRights over the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer. Often there is some compensation from the receiving agent (see #$ExchangeOfUserRights). Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'transfer' in WordNet: 6. transfer, transference - (transferring ownership) WN verb 'transfer': 5. (1) transfer - (cause to change ownership; 'I transferred my stock holdings to my children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingSomethingAbstract, :TransferringPossession . :TransferringPossession a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TransferringPossession'' is an Action in which one Agent transfers something (Physical or Abstract) to another Agent, whether temporarily or permanently. IF permananetly, use subtype ''TransferringOwnership'' NOTE: this 'transfer' is not necessarily, but could be a change of 'ownership, it could be conferring a temporary custody. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangeOfPossession, :GivingSomethingAbstract . :TransferringSomething :wnsense "transfer3v" ; :wordnet "transfer" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TransferringSomething'' is a transitive ''GeneralizedTransfer'' performed by a ''IntelligentAgent''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'transfer' in WordNet: 3. (6) transfer - (move from one place to another; 'transfer the data'; 'transmit the news'; 'transfer the patient to another hospital') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :GeneralizedTransfer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displacing ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericAgent :SubstanceType :AgentType :ObjectType ) ] ] . :Transformer-Electric :CYC "Transformer-Electric" ; :guid "c0f48dd8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "transformer1n" ; :wordnet "transformer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Transformer-Electric': a device that transfers electricity from one circuit to another, usually changing the voltage and amperage. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transformer' in WordNet: 1. (1) transformer - (an electrical device by which alternating current of one voltage is changed to another voltage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CurrentConverter, :PowerTransmittingDevice, :TwoTerminalElectricalDevice . :Transgender :isAnAttributeValueOf :TransSexual ; :wnsense "transgender1adj", "transgendered1adj" ; :wordnet "transgender", "transgendered" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this attribute is used also for people who have not had a sex-change operation,but idenify with the sex opposite the birth sex. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'transgender' in Wordnet: 1. transgender, transgendered - (involving a partial or full reversal of gender) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Transient :isTheOppositeOf :LongLasting, :Permanent, :Prolonged ; :wnsense "ephemeral1adj", "fugacious1adj", "passing1adj", "short-lived1adj", "transient2adj", "transitory1adj" ; :wordnet "ephemeral", "fugacious", "passing", "short-lived", "transient", "transitory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Transient'' is an attribute that specifies that some thing (state or object) exists or existed for only a short time.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'transient' in Wordnet: 2. ephemeral, passing, short-lived, transient, transitory, fugacious - (lasting a very short time; 'the ephemeral joys of childhood'; 'a passing fancy'; 'youth's transient beauty'; 'love is transitory but hate is eternal'; 'fugacious blossoms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Brief . :TransientPerson :wnsense "transient1n" ; :wordnet "transient" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transient' in WordNet: 1. transient - (one who stays for only a short time; 'transient laborers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wanderer . :Transistor :guid "bd58b682-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "electronic transistor1n", "junction transistor1n", "transistor1n" ; :wordnet "electronic transistor", "junction transistor", "transistor" ; a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An electrical device used as a switch or to provide voltage or current amplification. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transistor' in WordNet: 1. (1) transistor, junction transistor, electronic transistor - (a semiconductor device capable of amplification) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicComponent, :ManufacturedGoods . :Transition :ldoce "passage", "transition" ; :wnsense "passage1n", "transition1n" ; :wordnet "passage", "transition" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some Object goes from one state to the next state in some normal or expected ordered sequence of states. There can be as few as two states, as long as they are in some common or expected time sequence. 'the transition from caterpillar to butterfly'. This is for Events that occur between other Events; for the WN notion of passing from one place to another' the Event would be a ''BeingInaPlace'' Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transition' and sense 1 of 'passage' in WordNet: 1. (10) passage, transition - (the act of passing from one state or place to the next) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :precedes ; owl:someValuesFrom :EventType ] . :Transitional :pertainsTo :Transition ; :wnsense "transitional1adj" ; :wordnet "transitional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event is ''Transitional'' when it imediately succeeds one Event and immediately precedes another Event. There may be some causational relation between the succeeding Events, but that is not a necessary element, and the relations between the Events is hard to specify for all uses of this concept. This is often used when the succeeeding Events are 'phases' of some development process. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'transitional' in Wordnet: 1. (3) transitional - (of or relating to or characterized by transition; 'adolescence is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TransitiveAction :en "transitive action" ; :enn "transitive action" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TransitiveAction'' is a ''Action'' with a grammatical subject and a direct object, and may have indirect objects or other aspects represented grammatically as dependent clauses. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :TransitiveEventType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take an instance of a transitive Event (an Action that has an 'agent' and a 'patient' role, something acted on) as two of their arguments. NOTE: @@ToDo: WordNet often distinguishes the transitive and intransitive senses of verbs, but in COSMO both of those are sometimes conflated into one type (owl:Class). These need to be systematically distinguished, and there should be ObjectProperties (has TransitiveCorrelate/has IntransitiveCorrelate) to relate the two. Perhaps when 10,000 most frequent words have been added?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionType . :TransitiveVerb :wnsense "transitive verb form1n", "transitive verb1n", "transitive1n" ; :wordnet "transitive", "transitive verb", "transitive verb form" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that denote both Processes and Events, and take a direct object. See also 'ActionOnObject' for the Event represented by a TransitiveVerb. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transitive verb' in WordNet: 1. transitive verb, transitive verb form, transitive - (a verb (or verb construction) that requires an object in order to be grammatical) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb . :TranslatingLinguisticPhrases :en "translating" ; :ldoce "translate" ; :wnsense "interpret5v", "render12v", "translate1v", "translation1n" ; :wordnet "interpret", "render", "translate", "translation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TranslatingLinguisticPhrases' is the act of listening to or reading linguistic phrases in one language, and creating linguistic phrases in a different language having the same meaning. This includes both creating written material (done by a 'Translator') and creating spoken material (done by an 'Interpreter'). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'translate' and sense 5 of 'interpret' in WordNet: 5. (1) translate, interpret, render - (restate (words) from one language into another language; 'I have to translate when my in-laws from Austria visit the U.S.'; 'Can you interpret the speech of the visiting dignitaries?'; 'She rendered the French poem into English'; 'He translates for the U.N.') WN noun 'translation': 1. (4) translation, interlingual rendition, rendering, version - (a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rendering, :UsingALanguage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Translation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :TranslatingSpokenLanguage :ldoce "translate" ; :wnsense "interpret5v", "translate1v" ; :wordnet "interpret", "translate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TranslatingSpokenLanguage' is the act of listening to linguistic phrases in one language, and speaking linguistic phrases in a different language having the same meaning, for the benefit of a third party who does not fully understand the first language. The act of creating written material (done by a 'Translator') is represented as 'TranslatingWrittenText' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'translate' and sense 5 of 'interpret' in WordNet: 5. (1) translate, interpret, render - (restate (words) from one language into another language; 'I have to translate when my in-laws from Austria visit the U.S.'; 'Can you interpret the speech of the visiting dignitaries?'; 'She rendered the French poem into English'; 'He translates for the U.N.') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, :TranslatingLinguisticPhrases . :TranslatingWrittenText :ldoce "translate" ; :wnsense "interpret5v", "translate1v" ; :wordnet "interpret", "translate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TranslatingWrittenText' is the act of reading linguistic phrases in one language, and writing linguistic phrases in a different language having the same meaning, for the benefit of one or more third parties who does not fully understand the first language. The act of creating spoken material (done by an 'Interpreter') is represented as 'TranslatingSpokenLanguage' Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'translate' and sense 5 of 'interpret' in WordNet: 5. (1) translate, interpret, render - (restate (words) from one language into another language; 'I have to translate when my in-laws from Austria visit the U.S.'; 'Can you interpret the speech of the visiting dignitaries?'; 'She rendered the French poem into English'; 'He translates for the U.N.') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdaptingSomething, :TranslatingLinguisticPhrases . :Translation :wnsense "interlingual rendition1n", "rendering4n", "translation1n", "version4n" ; :wordnet "interlingual rendition", "rendering", "translation", "version" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Translation'' is an ''Adaptation'' that presents some linguistic material - spoken or written - in a different language from the original. Includes but is broder than noun sense 1 of 'translation', (representing both spoken and written translations) in WordNet: 1. (4) translation, interlingual rendition, rendering, version - (a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adaptation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TranslatingLinguisticPhrases ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Translation-Complete :en "going somewhere" ; :guid "bd61f7aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of translational motion events; hence a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In each instance of #$Translation-Complete, the entire moving object (see #$objectMoving) moves from the place of origin (see #$fromLocation) to the destination (see #$toLocation). That is, the object completely leaves the origin and relocates to the destination. The moving object may be either a #$NonFluidlike object (e.g. a baseball) or a #$FluidTangibleThing all of which moves from one place to another (e.g. the gasoline used to fill a gas tank). Another example: a single molecule of water flowing from point A to point B in a river. Non-examples: a river flowing from A to B (the river itself is not relocated); a rubber band stretching. A borderline case: a spider spins a web, leaving part of itself, in effect, extended out behind it; in most contexts that would still be considered a #$Translation-Complete. Note that #$Translation-Complete is noncommittal as to whether net movement has occurred, so round-trip events qualify as complete translations (cf. #$Translation-LocationChange). COSMO NOTE: the restriction ''hasEndingSubEvent'' requires an instance of ''ArrivingAtAPlace'' because the arrival implies a Presence at that place - important to grasp the meaning. See ''Translation-LocationChange'' for WN sense 2. (2) translation - (a uniform movement without rotation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArrivingAtAPlace ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ] . :Translation-LocationChange :guid "bd5f8117-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "translation2n" ; :wordnet "translation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a more specific subtype of this type is 'GoingSomewhere' in which an animal changes location to some specific new location. Cyc: A collection of translational motion events; thus a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In each instance of #$Translation-LocationChange, the moving object (see #$objectMoving) ends up in a different place than it started from: the destination (see #$toLocation) is not the same as the origin (see #$fromLocation). Thus, a round-trip travel event (see #$Translation-RoundTrip) is _not_ an instance of this collection. Cf. #$Translation-NoLocationChange. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'translation' in WordNet: 2. (2) translation - (a uniform movement without rotation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent . :Translation-MultiTrajectory :guid "bd5ef8af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In any instance of #$Translation-MultiTrajectory, motion may occur simultaneously along two or more instances of #$Trajectory (which are not related by sub-trajectory relationships.) Therefore, there must be at least two #$objectMovings in such an event. There may be more than one #$fromLocation and/or more than one #$toLocation. Instances of #$Translation-MultiTrajectory include scattering, distributing, and collecting things. E.g., all of the following exhibit multi-trajectory translation movements: a rainshower or snowfall; an exploding firework; water being ejected from a sprinkling system; the surrounding objects being sucked up by a tornado; participants running a 100K footrace; pool balls during the opening break. For non-examples of this, see #$Translation-SingleTrajectory.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent . :Translation-Periodic :guid "bd5e1d42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Movement-TranslationEvent and #$Movement-Periodic. Each instance of #$Translation-Periodic is a translational movement in which the moving object returns to a certain location repeatedly, and at more or less regular time intervals. Instances of #$Translation-Periodic include a ball bouncing in place and a planet revolving around a star. Note that a planet rotating on its axis or a top spinning in place would not count as an instance of #$Translation-Periodic, since these movements, although periodic, are rotations rather than translations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-Periodic, :Translation-Complete . :Translation-SingleTrajectory :guid "bd5b0dc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Each instance of #$Translation-SingleTrajectory is a translational movement that involves exactly one #$trajectory-Complete. One or more items might have the role of #$objectMoving in such an event. Note that although there is a single #$trajectory-Complete, it does not follow that there is a unique place in the role of #$fromLocation or #$toLocation because that depends on our descriptions of these locations. (E.g. the same single-trajectory movement can be described as from Texas to Pennsylvania, from Austin to Pittsburgh, or from northwest Austin to south Pittsburgh.) However, the single #$trajectory-Complete connects one from-location and one to-location. (Similarly, there may be a single existing #$motionPathway-Complete that the trajectory goes along, or a single #$Traversal of paths indicated by #$traverses-Complete.) Note that a translational motion performed by a whole #$Group is likely to be a #$Translation-SingleTrajectory; e.g. a flock of birds flying together or a snarl of rush-hour traffic on the Beltway. Non-examples include an opening break in a game of billiards and a group of water droplets coming together into one big drop. Contrast with #$Translation-MultiTrajectory.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent . :TranslationAlongASurface :guid "bdd346cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of processes. In instances of #$TranslationAlongASurface an #$objectMoving is moving along a #$motionPathway-Complete in contact with a liquid or solid surface. The #$objectMoving crosses [see #$trajectoryPassesThrough] the #$Perimeter of any #$toLocation or #$fromLocation that is a #$Surface-Open.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movement-TranslationEvent . :Translator :guid "bd58b4f1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "translator1n" ; :wordnet "translator" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A person whose task it is to translate written language from one language to another. The difference between Translator and Interpreter is one of concentration - an Interpreter mostly converts spoken language in real time, a Translator mostly converts written language. See 'Interpreter'. This type is a subtype of 'PersonWithOccupation' but one who casually translates material, not for a fee, is also a 'Translator' in that Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'translator' in WordNet: 1. translator, transcriber - (a person who translates written messages from one language to another) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :TranslatingWrittenText ] . :Translocation :guid "bf81a890-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "move" ; :wnsense "change of location1n", "go1v", "motion6n", "move1v", "move4n", "travel1v", "travel2n" ; :wordnet "change of location", "go", "motion", "move", "travel" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is for complete changes of location; for the more general sense of 'motion' or changes of orientation, or changes of location of a part of an object (e.g. moving one's hand), use the more general 'Motion'. This is a ''Motion'' in which the moving Object changes its location SUMO: Translocation is that class of Motions in which an object moves from one place to another. In the case of round trips, the origin and destination are the same, but the intervening motion passes through other locations. Translocation represents linear motion, in contrast to rotation or other movement in place. A vehicle is not necessary; Ambulating is a kind of Translocation. Cyc comment: A subcollection of #$MovementEvent. Each instance of #$Translocation is a movement across a distance; thus there is both a location that it is a movement from (see #$fromLocation) and a location that it is a movement to (see #$toLocation). (These two locations might or might not be distinct, considering round-trips.) Note that instances of #$Translocation might or might not involve a salient moving object (see #$objectMoving); for those that do see the specialization #$Movement-TranslationEvent; for some that don't see #$WavePropagation. @ToDo the relation of this Event to 'DistanceTravelled' Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'motion' , noun sense 4 of 'move' and verb sense 1 of 'move' in WordNet: WN 'motion' 6. (1) motion, movement, move - (the act of changing location from one place to another; 'police controlled the motion of the crowd'; 'the movement of people from the farms to the cities'; 'his move put him directly in my path') WN noun 'move': 4. (30) motion, movement, move - (the act of changing location from one place to another; 'police controlled the motion of the crowd'; 'the movement of people from the farms to the cities'; 'his move put him directly in my path') WN verb 'move' 1. (343) travel, go, move, locomote - (change location; move, travel, or proceed; 'How fast does your new car go?'; 'We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus'; 'The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect'; 'The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell') WN noun 'change of location': 1. change of location, travel - (a movement through space that changes the location of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeneralizedTransfer, :Motion . :Translucent :guid "00abee48-acfb-41d7-8095-d2f5bbaa9885" ; :wnsense "translucent1adj" ; :wordnet "translucent" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Between ''Transparent'' and ''Opaque'' - can't recognize objects through a translucent object, though one might see some outline. In CYC this is an Object: #$Translucent is an #$ObjectTypeByTransparency representing the all the degrees of transparency between #$Opaque and #$Transparent. Translucent objects can transmit light, but not enough to see clear images. When possible, avoid making assertions directly on #$Translucent - use its five specs instead. See #$ObjectTypeByTransparency and #$transparencyOfObject for more information. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'translucent' in WordNet: 1. (2) translucent, semitransparent - (almost transparent; allowing light to pass through diffusely; 'translucent amber'; 'semitransparent curtains at the windows') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :Transmission :en "transmission", "transmitting" ; :wnsense "carry3v", "conduct4v", "convey5v", "transmit2v" ; :wordnet "carry", "conduct", "convey", "transmit" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Act of ''Transmission'' is a ''Conveying-Stationary'' in which the Device supporting the conveying Action is a ''TransmissionLine'', a ''CordLikeObject'' that is **very long** and thin, and is capable of 'conducting' **through a solid medium**, such as an electrcal conductor (for electric power or signals), or a transparent medium such as some form of glass for ''Transmission'' of light waves. A similar form of transmisson (for light waves) might occur hrough a hollow tube with reflective inside surfaces but that is not included in this type. A short path within a Device such as an electrical path inside a computer is not included - the ''TransmissionLine'' must connect two devices separated by at least a few feet. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'convey' in WordNet: 5. conduct, transmit, convey, carry, channel - (transmit or serve as the medium for transmission; 'Sound carries well over water'; 'The airwaves carry the sound'; 'Many metals conduct heat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveying-Stationary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransmissionLine ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :TransmissionLine :wnsense "cable2n", "line9n", "transmission line1n" ; :wordnet "cable", "line", "transmission line" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TransmissionLine'' is a ''CordlikeObject'' that is a ''Device' designed to support ''Transmission'' of power or signals. For Power transmission use ''PowerTransmissionLine''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'transmission line' (for power transmission) in WordNet: 1. cable, line, transmission line - (a conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CordlikeObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :StringOrLine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Transmission ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :TransmittedRadioSignal :wnsense "output signal1n", "output3n" ; :wordnet "output", "output signal" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TransmittedRadioSignal'' is a RadioWave that carries a ''Signal'' (information) that is produced by an event of ''RadioSignalTransmission'' caused by in which some Device Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'output' in WordNet: 3. (1) output signal, output - (signal that comes out of an electronic system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalSignal, :RadioWave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasInformationContent ; owl:someValuesFrom :InformationObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioSignalTransmission ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Transmitter :guid "c080d3f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "transmitter3n" ; :wordnet "transmitter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Device used for transmitting radio or TV signals. This is a specialization of 'RadioWaveTransmittingDevice' that is used for regular transmissions from fixed locations. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transmitter' in Wordnet: 3. transmitter, sender - (set used to broadcast radio or tv signals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicComponent, :RadioWaveTransmittingDevice, :WirelessCommunicationDevice . :TransmittingDevice a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device that enables transmission of energy or information or force but does not generate nor substantially consume that energy or force (other than through undesired friction or electrical resistance or dampening of signal intensity within the TransmittingDevice) Thus a 'transmitter' is a form of 'Path' - for power, force, electromagnetic waves or electrical energy..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Path-Simple . :TransmittingForce :en "force transmission", "transmitting force" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Act of ''TransmittingForce'' is a ''Transmission'' where the thing transmitted is mechanical ''Force'', and as a consequence,, also transmitting ''Motion''. This action is performed by rods or shafts that can transmit rectiliner or rotating motion. The object transmitting the force does not itself produce the force. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveying-Stationary, :ForceTransmissionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Force ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :TransmittingaComputerInstruction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TransmittingaComputerInstruction' is a specialized. Action that occurs in the course of execution of a ''ComputerProgram'' (the abstract set of instructions), i.e. in a ''ComputerProgramExecution''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ordering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerProgramExecution ] . :Transparency :wnsense "foil4n", "transparency3n" ; :wordnet "foil", "transparency" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Transparency'' is a ''Picture'' that is embedded onto and thus contained in a thin sheet of otherwise transparent material (glass or plastic), that can be used to view the contained image in one of several ways that depend on white or near-white light coming from behind the ''Transparency'' and seen as an image by direct viewing or by projection onto a flat (white or near white) screen, in either case requiring some knd of optical device to focus the light waves coming from the ''Transparency''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'transparency' in WordNet: 3. foil, transparency - (picture consisting of a positive photograph or drawing on a transparent base; viewed with a projector) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :HumanAccessibleIBO, :Picture, :SheetOfSomeStuff . :Transparent :guid "bd58de31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "transparent" ; :wnsense "clear11adj", "clear13adj", "clear7adj", "transparent1adj" ; :wordnet "clear", "transparent" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Transparent is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency. #$Transparent objects transmit enough light to see clear images. See also #$transparencyOfObject. NOTE that to be Transparent does not mean that an object or substance has to be 'Colorless', just that the intensity of color, if any, is not enough to block viewing objects thropiugh some common thickness, e..g through a pane of glass, or through a drinking glass full of water. Even water has some color - large boides have a bluish tint. In thin enough sections, even 'opauqe' things can appear 'transparent' - one can see things through them - but to be 'Transparent' in the sense of this Type, an object or substance needs to be able to pass enough undispersed light through a thickness of 20 cm, that object can be clearly discerned on the other side. Thus the typical amber beer is 'Transparent', but near the borderline. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'transparent' and adjective senses 7 and 11 and 13 of 'clear' in WordNet: 1. (5) crystalline, crystal clear, limpid, lucid, pellucid, transparent - (transmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity; 'the cold crystalline water of melted snow'; 'crystal clear skies'; 'could see the sand on the bottom of the limpid pool'; 'lucid air'; 'a pellucid brook'; 'transparent crystal') WN adjective 'clear': 7. (1) clean, clear, light, unclouded - ((of sound or color) free from anything that dulls or dims; 'efforts to obtain a clean bass in orchestral recordings'; 'clear laughter like a waterfall'; 'clear reds and blues'; 'a light lilting voice like a silver bell') 11. clear - (free from clouds or mist or haze; 'on a clear day') 13. clear - (free from flaw or blemish or impurity; 'a clear perfect diamond') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :TransparentObject :guid "bd58de31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this and Object that is transparent. Cyc comment: #$Transparent is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency. #$Transparent objects transmit enough light to see clear images. See also #$transparencyOfObject.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Transparent ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :TransparentPlate :en "transparent plate" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TransparentPlate'' is a 'Rigid'' sheet of glass or plastic or other material that is transparent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SolidObject, :TransparentObject . :Transplanting :wnsense "transplant1v", "transplant2n", "transplant3n", "transplant3v", "transplantation2n", "transplantation3n" ; :wordnet "transplant", "transplantation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Transplanting'' is the transfer of a living biological object, such as a ''Plant'' or ''AnimalBodyPart'' from one location in the ground (for plants) to another, or fom one organism to another (for body parts). The different senses should be made into subtypes. Includes verb senses 1, 2 and 3 and noun senses 2 and 3 of 'transplant' and noun senses 2 and 3 of 'transplantation' in WordNet: 1. (3) transplant, transfer - (lift and reset in another soil or situation; 'Transplant the young rice plants') 2. transplant - (be transplantable; 'These delicate plants do not transplant easily') 3. transplant, graft - (place the organ of a donor into the body of a recipient) WN noun 'transplantation': 2. transplant, transplantation, organ transplant - (an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient); 'he had a kidney transplant'; 'the long-term results of cardiac transplantation are now excellent'; 'a child had a multiple organ transplant two months ago') 3. transplant, transplantation, transplanting - (the act of removing something from one location and introducing it in another location; 'the transplant did not flower until the second year'; 'too frequent transplanting is not good for families'; 'she returned to Alabama because she could not bear transplantation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Plant :PlantType :AnimalBodyPart :AnimalBodyPartType ) ] ] . :Transponder :wnsense "transponder1n" ; :wordnet "transponder" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device that automatically sends a radio wave signal in response to a signal being sent to it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transponder' in Wordnet: 1. transponder - (electrical device designed to receive a specific signal and automatically transmit a specific reply) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RadioReceiver, :RadioWaveTransmittingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automatic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TransportFacility :guid "bd68d700-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$TransportFacility is a specialization of #$ConstructionArtifact and #$InfrastructureProduct. Each instance of #$TransportFacility is a structure built and used by human beings for the purpose of transportation of people, livestock or goods, or for associated support services.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :InfrastructureProduct . :TransportablePlatform :en "transportable platform" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TransportablePlatform'' is a ''Platform'' designed to support something and to be carried together with the Objects it supports. The common ''Pallet'' used to be carried by a ''Forklift'' to transport loads of materials is a common example, and the platforms used to move cargo from a loading dock onto a ship supported by lines from an overhead crane are another, but this type includes the possibility that other similar ''Platform''s may be used in a similar manner. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Platform, :TransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :TransportationEvent ] . :TransportationCompany :guid "bd58aa63-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "transportation company1n" ; :wordnet "transportation company" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a 'TransportationCompany' can be commercial or governmental (such as the PostOffice, or any department that specializes in providing transportation services). Cyc: A specialization of both #$TransportationOrganization and #$ServiceOrganization. Each instance of #$TransportationCompany is an organization that provide transportation (of goods or persons) to customers for a fee. Specializations of #$TransportationCompany include the collections #$ShippingOrganization and #$AirlineCompany. SUMO: Any Corporation whose services include Transportation, e.g. a RailroadCompany, an airline, a cruise ship line, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'transportation company' in WordNet: 1. transportation company - (a company providing transportation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceOrganization, :TransportationOrganization . :TransportationConductor :wnsense "conductor4n" ; :wordnet "conductor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes women. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'conductor' in WordNet: 4. (1) conductor - (the person who collects fares on a public conveyance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeeCollector, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommonCarrier ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ] . :TransportationContainerProduct a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$TransportationContainerProduct is a specialization of #$ContainerProduct and #$Conveyance. Each instance of #$TransportationContainerProduct is a container in which the primary function is to transport substances or objects. A few examples are #$Luggage, #$BabyCarrier, and #$Trailer. Small personal containers such as Purses are also included.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :SupportingConveyance . :TransportationDevice a :PhysicalObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Conveyance and #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$TransportationDevice is an artifact designed to move an object from one location to another, by (for example) carrying, pulling, or pushing the transported object. Instances of this collection may or may not have their own power source (see #$SelfPoweredDevice). Those that do, such as automobiles and speedboats, constitute the specialization #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Other transportation devices (for example, instances of #$Wheelbarrow or #$Bicycle) require an external motive force. Because #$transporter and #$transportees are specializations of #$objectMoving, it follows that any object in the role of #$transporter moves as a whole with those objects playing the role of #$transportees. Consequently, since any instance of #$TransportationDevice has playing the role of #$transporter as its intended function, stationary objects which cause motion, such as conveyor belts, escalators, rocket launchers, and slingshots, are excluded from the collection #$TransportationDevice. Although they facilitate travel, ice skates, shoes, skis and other instances of #$WearableConveyance are also excluded from the collection #$TransportationDevice, since they are devices which are worn rather than ridden on, ridden with, or ridden in. NOTE that this type of device is designed to be used in transporting PhysicalObjects, but it does not itself have to *carry* those physical objects; it can beused (as a ''Tractor'') is to *tow* another wheeled device that actually carries the objects to be transported. SUMO: A TransportationDevice is a Device which serves as the instrument in a Transportation Process which carries the patient of the Process from one point to another. COSMO note: In SUMO, an Oar was a subtype of TransportationDevice, but in COSMO that was not adopted. COSMO adopts the Cyc usage that a TransportationDEvice must be ridden in, ridden on, or ridden with. An Oar is an accessory part of a boat, not a TransportationDevice in itself. A TransportationDevice should have an unambiguous front and back - the front is the direction in which the transportation device typically moves. For devices that can move in either direction with equal facility, the 'front' may be designated arbitrarily, by some distinctive criterion. This provides a reference direction with which an 'orientation' can be described.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device, :FrontAndBackSidedObject, :SupportingConveyance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationEvent ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ] . :TransportationDevice-Unmanned :en "unmanned vehicle" ; :enn "unmanned vehicle" ; :guid "bec50000-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$TransportationDevices that can operate without a driver (see #$driverActor) actually being in or on the device. Examples include drone aircraft operated by remote control and #$WeatherBalloons.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransportationDevice . :TransportationDevice-Vehicle :ldoce "vehicle" ; :wnsense "vehicle1n" ; :wordnet "vehicle" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$TransportationDevice-Vehicle is a specialization of both #$TransportationDevice and #$SelfPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle is a transportation device that moves under its own power. Examples include jet airplanes and automobiles; non-examples include skateboards, gliders, and rowboats. Note that hand-pushed power lawnmowers, even though they are #$SelfPoweredDevices, are not instances of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, since they must be pushed in order to remain in motion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vehicle' in WordNet: 1. (9) vehicle - (a conveyance that transports people or objects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :DurableArtifact, :SelfPoweredDevice, :TransportationContainerProduct, :TransportationDevice . :TransportationDeviceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """TransportationDeviceType is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations involving TransportationDevices.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceType . :TransportationEvent :wnsense "ship1v", "transport1v", "transport2v", "transport3n", "transportation2n", "transportation5n" ; :wordnet "ship", "transport", "transportation" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some physical object is moved from one location to another by means of a TransportationDevice. Named TransportationEvent[Cyc] and Transportation[SUMO] SUMO: Motion from one point to another by means of a TransportationDevice. OpenCyc: A specialization of both #$Conveying-Generic and #$Translation-Complete, instances of which are events in which one or more objects transport one or more other objects. Each instance of #$TransportationEvent is an event in which an object (in the role of #$transporter) aids in the translational movement of another object (having the role of #$transportees), so that both objects move together along the same complete pathway (see #$motionPathway-Complete). Optionally, one of these objects, or some third object moving along with them, provides the force to make the movement happen (see #$providerOfMotiveForce). Examples of transportation events include automobile transportation, riding a bicycle, dogs pulling goods on a sled, a wagon with groceries rolling down a hill, a person carrying clothes in a suitcase, etc. In that last case, note that the #$transporter is the suitcase, not the person. Note that the transporter in a transportation event need not be in motion relative to its destination throughout the transportation event; an automobile transportation is a single transportation event even if it has sub-events in which the driver and all of the passengers disembark while the car is parked and refueled. A single transportation event may also have more than one transporter. For example, a sofa may be transported across a living room floor by two people working together. Events which are _not_ #$TransportationEvents include a river conveying some flotsam, the wind blowing a leaf, a conveyor belt moving a widget to the next person on an assembly line, or a walking beast of burden that is carrying nothing. The first three of these negative examples are instances of #$Conveying-Stationary, since the would-be #$transporter doesn't actually change its overall location (see #$conveyor-Stationary); in the fourth case the unburdened beast has no #$transportees and the event is an instance of #$AnimalWalkingProcess. Includes noun senses 2 and 5 of 'transportation' and verb sense 1 and 2 of 'transport' and verb senses 1 of 'ship' in Wordnet: 2. (5) transportation, transfer, transferral, conveyance - (the act of moving something from one location to another) 5. transportation, shipping, transport - (the commercial enterprise of moving goods and materials) WN verb 'transport': 4. transport, send, ship - (transport commercially) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conveying-Generic, :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadTransportedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Cargo :PhysicalObject :Person :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usedTransportationDevice ; owl:someValuesFrom :TransportationDevice ] . :TransportationOrganization :en "transportation organization" ; :guid "c14da96a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of #$TransportationOrganization is an #$Organization that is primarily or significantly engaged in the #$TransportationIndustry or whose activities focus on that industry (whether or not the #$Organizations actually provide transportation services). Examples of specializations of #$TransportationOrganization include #$AutoDealership, #$RailwayOrganization and #$TaxiCompany. Both #$UnitedAirlines and #$USDepartmentOfTransportation are instances of #$TransportationOrganizations. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ServiceOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationServiceEvent ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :TransportationPathSystem :guid "be65e84e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$PathSystem instances of which are systems of spatial paths used for transportation. Examples include a country's rail system, a state's highway system, and the system of hiking trails in a given national park.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Physical, :SpatialPathSystem . :TransportationServiceEvent :ldoce "transport" ; :wnsense "transport1v" ; :wordnet "transport" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event consisting of some Agent transporting people or other objects on behalf of another Agent.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'shipping' in WordNet: 3. (1) transportation, shipping, transport - (the commercial enterprise of moving goods and materials) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :ConveyingMaterials, :SendingSomething, :ServiceEvent, :Translation-Complete, :Translation-SingleTrajectory, :TransportationEvent . :TrapDevice :guid "bd58acf2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "trap" ; :wnsense "trap1n" ; :wordnet "trap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A class of devices whose main use is to capture animals, alive or dead. NOTE that the ''Bait'' that may be used as a ''Lure'' in a ''TrapDevice'' is not considered as part of the ''TrapDevice'' itself. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trap' in WordNet: 1. (4) trap - (a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trapping ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ] . :Trapezoid :guid "bf135604-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trapezoid1n" ; :wordnet "trapezoid" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, :TwoDimensionalShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$TwoDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Quadrilateral (q.v.). This is the collection of all trapezoid-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$Trapezoid is a four-sided polygon with exactly two parallel sides. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trapezoid' in WordNet: 1. trapezoid - (a quadrilateral with two parallel sides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quadrilateral . :TrappedFeeling :guid "c1005431-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Unpleasant emotion associated with situations in which a person feels unduly constrained in behavior or otherwise pressured or controlled by others. This is a #$Collection - for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Trapping :en "trapping" ; :ldoce "trap" ; :wnsense "trap2v" ; :wordnet "trap" ; a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Trapping'. is an Action that uses a TrapDevice for the purpose of *trying* to capture an Animal. NOTE that an Action is 'trapping' even if it does not result in capturing anything; this is the *attempt* at capturing with a trap; a successful ''Trapping'' would be a ''Capturing'' Event. NOTE: this does not include the more abstract notion of 'trapping' by making clever arguments in a debate to ensnare an opponent, or causing an opponent to fall into a 'trap' in a sports contest. The thing intended to be trapped should be specified by the ''hasIntendedResultOrProduct'' relation. The thing acquired would be specified by the relation ''resultsInAcquisitionOf'' if all ''Trapping'' actions resulted in a ''Catch'', but no all do. See ''Catch'' for the use of the inverse relation ''wasAcquiredInEvent''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'trap' in WordNet: 2. (2) trap, entrap, snare, ensnare, trammel - (catch in or as if in a trap; 'The men trap foxes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :TrappingOrPursuing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capturing ; owl:onProperty :hasAttemptedAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrapDevice ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Catch :ObjectType ) ] ] . :TrappingMice :en "trapping mice" ; a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TrappingMice''. is a ''Trapping'' Action that uses a ''MouseTrap'' for the purpose of *trying* to capture one or more '''Mouse''s. This is for the action that catches a ''Mouse'' dead or alive. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Trapping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MouseTrap ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mouse ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ] . :TrappingOrPursuing a :SearchingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This class was created to be in effect the union of 'Trapping' and 'Pursuing\". It serves as the value for the restriction on the class 'Capturing'. This was necessary because the Protege reasoner apparently has difficulty processing such restriction values that are defined as a union of classes. ?Add ''Finding-Generic'' to round out use of ''SearchingType''? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction . :Trappings :wnsense "furnishing1n", "trappings1n" ; :wordnet "furnishing", "trappings" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Trappings'' is for clothing accessories. For 'furnishings' being furniture and other home-making amenities, use ''Furnishings'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trappings' in WordNet: 1. furnishing, trappings - ((usually plural) accessory wearing apparel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory . :Trash :consistsOfManyOf :PieceOfTrash ; :en "garbage" ; :ldoce "waste" ; :wnsense "rubbish1n", "scrap2n", "trash1n", "waste1n" ; :wordnet "rubbish", "scrap", "trash", "waste" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any mostly solid material (a PhysicalSubstance) considered worthless and ready to be disposed of. Also called 'Garbage' and 'Refuse' and 'Waste'; this is the most general type of waste, there is no restriction on the type of material included, other than that it must have the character of a substance - not an individual item - and be solid (but can have some - less than 50% - of liquid mixed in, provided that it does not flow like a liquid). An individual worthless item can be considered as a 'PieceOfTrash'. NOTE that the word 'garbage' is included as a label, though there is no WordNet sense that has the same general meaning as this type; COSMO 'Garbage' is a subtype that includes food waste. Wordnet also has 'scrap' as a label, though COSMO 'Scrap' is a subtype for material that is recyclable. Includes sense 2 of 'garbage' and sense 1 of 'trash' from RHW RHW 'garbage': 2. any matter that is no longer wanted or needed; trash. RHW 'trash' 1. anything worthless, useless, or discarded; rubbish. Includes noun sense 1 of 'waste', sense 1 of 'trash', and sense 1 of 'rubbish', and noun sense 2 of 'scrap' in WordNet: WN noun 'rubbish': 1. (1) rubbish, trash, scrap - (worthless material that is to be disposed of) WN noun 'waste': 1. (6) waste, waste material, waste matter, waste product - (any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted; 'they collect the waste once a week'; 'much of the waste material is carried off in the sewers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, :Waste, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfTrash ; owl:onProperty :hasUnitObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discarded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TrashBag :en "trach bag" ; :enn "trach bag" ; :guid "bd58ea59-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of trash bags. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisposableProduct, :PlasticBag, :PortableObject, :TrashContainer . :TrashBucket :en "circular file", "garbage-pail", "trash bucket" ; :ldoce "bucket" ; :wnsense "bucket1n", "pail1n", "waste basket1n", "waste-paper basket1n", "wastebasket1n", "wastepaper basket1n" ; :wordnet "bucket", "pail", "waste basket", "waste-paper basket", "wastebasket", "wastepaper basket" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TrashBucket' is a 'Bucket' that is designed to contain small quantities of 'Trash' (as a substance) or 'TrashItems' (as a Group of objects). It is typically used indoors, and is a temporary location for trash until it is put into a larger 'GarbageCan' for pickup. Includes noun sense 1 of 'wastebasket' and part of sense 1 of 'bucket' and part of sense 1 of 'pail' in WordNet: 1. (2) bucket, pail - (a roughly cylindrical vessel that is open at the top) WN 'wastebasket': 1. (3) wastepaper basket, waste-paper basket, wastebasket, waste basket, circular file - (a container with an open top; for discarded paper and other rubbish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TrashContainer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrashItems ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IndoorLocation ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ] . :TrashContainer :en "trash container" ; :guid "bd58d44e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trash can1n", "wastebin1n" ; :wordnet "trash can", "wastebin" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Containers used to hold garbage or waste material, indoors or outdoors. The larger containers used for pickup by public disposal service outside may be best represented by the subtype ''GarbageCan''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trash can' in WordNet: 1. ashcan, trash can, garbage can, wastebin, ash bin, ash-bin, ashbin, dustbin, trash barrel, trash bin - (a bin that holds rubbish until it is collected) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trash ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :TrashItems :wnsense "junk1n", "rubbish1n", "scrap2n", "trash1n" ; :wordnet "junk", "rubbish", "scrap", "trash" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TrashItems' is a Group of 'SolidObject's, each of which is a 'PieceOfTrash'. This is closely similar to 'Trash', but 'the term Trash' is used in COSMO as a substance label, whereas 'TrashItems' is an Object (ObjectGroup). A subtype is ''Debris'' (Rubble) which is not necessarily something discarded, as it could come from descructive Events such as an earthquake; so this is not exclusivey for discarded objects.. 'Trash' is used to represent the mass noun 'trash' and 'TrashItems' is used where a group of TrashItems should be treated as an ObjectGroup. This type can also be refered to as 'junk', as in RHW senses 1 and 2 of 'junk': 1. any old or discarded material, as metal, paper, or rags. 2. anything that is regarded as worthless, meaningless, or contemptible; trash. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trash' andpart of noun sense 1 of 'junk' in WordNet: 1. rubbish, trash, scrap - (worthless material that is to be disposed of) WN noun 'junk': 1. (1) debris, dust, junk, rubble, detritus - (the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :SolidObject, :WorthlessThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PieceOfTrash ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Trauma :wnsense "psychic trauma1n", "trauma2n" ; :wordnet "psychic trauma", "trauma" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Trauma' is a PhysiologicalCondition in which an Animal is aware of its surroundings and can respond to external stimuli by means of thought processes in the brain. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trauma' in WordNet: 2. trauma, psychic trauma - (an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasExperiencedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Traumatized ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Traumatizing ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Traumatic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Stressful ; :wnsense "traumatic2adj" ; :wordnet "traumatic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Highly stressful. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'traumatic' in Wordnet: 2. traumatic - (psychologically painful; 'few experiences are more traumatic than losing a child';) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stressful . :Traumatized :en "traumatized" ; :envp "traumatized" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Trauma ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Traumatizing ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Traumatized' is the state of an ''Animal'' (usually Person) that is suffering ''Trauma'' from having experienced ''Taumatizing''. 'No WN sense for 'traumatized """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Damaged, :PastParticiple . :Traumatizing :en "traumatic stress" ; :wnsense "shock7v", "traumatise1v", "traumatize1v" ; :wordnet "shock", "traumatise", "traumatize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Traumatizing'' is a subtype of ''IncurringDamage'' that is not necessarily an incuring of ''IncurringPhysicalDamage'' (although this may be caused by physical damage). WN has only the transitive sense in its gloss, but this type covers bith transitive and intransitive (which may be differentiated). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traumatize' in WordNet: 1. traumatize, traumatise, shock - (inflict a trauma upon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :DamagingEvent, :IncurringDamage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trauma ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Traumatized ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Travel-TripEvent :guid "bd58bd5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "journey", "travel", "trip" ; :wnsense "jaunt1v", "journey1n", "journey2v", "journeying1n", "travel1n", "travel2v", "travel3v", "travel5v", "traveling1n", "travelling1n", "trip1n", "trip3v" ; :wordnet "jaunt", "journey", "journeying", "travel", "traveling", "travelling", "trip" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: 'Travel-TripEvent' is the type including all events in which one or more people go, by any means of conveyance, or (only if the distance requires more than one day to complete, involving an overnight stay) on foot, from a base point (not necessarily their home) to some destination, for any purpose. This includes one-way and round-trip traveling. In an extended journey, there may be multiple subevents which also constitute a 'Travel-TripEvent'. Subtypes (not yet represented - v753) will include one-way and round-trip journeys. The mere process of travelling for some short distance is not included unless there is an origina and destination and a distance not easily travelled on foot in under an hour. For riding things, for any period of time, whether or not any significant distance is covered, use 'Riding'. @ToDo: NOTE: this includes 'round trip' and one-way trips, but 'round trip' could be made a distinct subtype. Cyc: A specialization of #$PurposefulAction and #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Each instance of #$Travel-TripEvent is an event in which a person or a group of people prepares for a trip, boards a conveyance, travels on the conveyance, and disembarks the conveyance. For somewhat more complex events that involve repeating that procedure on a return leg, see the specialization #$Travel-RoundTripEvent. 'Travel-TripEvent' corresponds to both the verb and noun senses of 'journey' as well as the verb sense of 'travel'. NOTE: none of the WordNet senses of traveling are specifically for short trips, so the word labels are the same as for the more general 'TakingaTrip'. Includes noun sense 1 of 'journey' and verb sense 1 of 'journey' and noun sense 1 of 'travel', and noun sense 1 of 'trip', and includes verb senses 2, 3, and 6 of 'travel' in WordNet. Verb sense 5 of 'travel' in WordNet is the more general sense that can include any kind of intentional translocation of a person from place to place. in WordNet: WN 'journey' noun: 1. (17) journey, journeying - (the act of traveling from one place to another) WN 'journey' verb: 1. (1) travel, journey - (undertake a journey or trip) WN 'travel' noun: 1. (7) travel, traveling, travelling - (the act of going from one place to another; 'he enjoyed selling but he hated the travel') WN 'travel' verb: 2. (9) travel, journey - (undertake a journey or trip) 3. (3) travel, trip, jaunt - (make a trip for pleasure) WN The more general 'travel' is included, as a parent type: 5. (1) travel - (undergo transportation as in a vehicle; 'We travelled North on Rte. 508') WN 'trip' noun: 1. (659) trip - (a journey for some purpose (usually including the return); 'he took a trip to the shopping center') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TakingaTrip . :TravelCircuit :wnsense "circuit3n" ; :wordnet "circuit" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TravelCircuit'' is a Route consisting of a series Locations many or most of which are visited by a Person or Group for any purpose. Such a Route is usually called a ''Circuit' if it is commonly used by People or Groups of a specific type, or visited for a specific purpose. The term 'circuit court' originated in judges traveling over a certain circuit. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'circuit' in WordNet: 3. circuit - (an established itinerary of venues or events that a particular group of people travel to; 'she's a familiar name on the club circuit'; 'on the lecture circuit'; 'the judge makes a circuit of the courts in his district'; 'the international tennis circuit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Route, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ground ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :TravelPlan :wnsense "itinerary3n", "travel plan1n" ; :wordnet "itinerary", "travel plan" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TravelPlan'' is a list of places and times where a Person or GroupOfPeople plan to go during some ''Trip''. The times are usually but not necessarily in sequential order. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'itinerary' in WordNet: 3. travel plan, itinerary - (a proposed route of travel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :Plan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CourseOfInstruction ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :Traveler :guid "c0a3effc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "traveler1n", "traveller1n" ; :wordnet "traveler", "traveller" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Traveller' is a Person who travels from one Place to another that is not in the same locality. The Travelling can be by foot, on an animal, or in a TransportationDevice. In CYC spelled 'Traveller': The collection of all instances of a person going somewhere on a #$Travel-TripEvent: on a vacation, on a business trip, etc. This collection does not include trips such as going to the grocery store or coming home from work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'traveler' (or 'traveller') in WordNet: 1. (3) traveler, traveller - (a person who changes location) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Travel-TripEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Travelogue :guid "bd73045e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "travelog1n", "travelogue1n" ; :wordnet "travelog", "travelogue" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A non-fictional narrative describing travel to one or more locations. This may be in lecture, movie, or written format. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'travelogue' in WordNet: 1. (1) travelogue, travelog - (a film or illustrated lecture on traveling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Narrative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Travel-TripEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Traversal :en "track of motion", "traversal" ; :guid "be9b2377-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is a CYC concept, not obviously related to anything else in the ontology. It is interpreted as a representation of the path that some moving object took. CYC: The collection of all traversals of paths and networks. A traversal is a trace of a pathway along pre-existing #$Path-Generics. It is the 'path-representation' of certain actual trajectories (instances of #$Trajectory) that are confined to paths. Different actual trajectories may have the same traversal; to see this, consider two cars driving along a block of 10th St. The actual car movements have different trajectories -- say, one drove straight while the other switched lanes many times. The two different trajectories are both characterized by the same traversal of that block of 10th Street. A traversal of a network of paths can be represented by (#$TraversalFn CHAIN) where CHAIN is a #$PathChain. We may choose to use a more detailed representation of the traversal, i.e., use a #$PathChain made of more, but shorter, paths. For example, we may use several paths to replace a cycle in CHAIN if we want to be clear about the direction in that part of the traversal, or we may have to replace a path in CHAIN by several 'shorter' paths if we want to preserve the fact that the object moved backward at a small part of PATH and then resumed its original direction. In summary, a traversal is a constraint on a trajectory and a characterization of it in terms of traversing pre-existing #$Path-Generics. Technically, a #$Traversal from A to B can be expressed as (#$TraversalFn CHAIN) where CHAIN is a #$PathChain such that the first item in CHAIN is A and the last is B (we can assert: (#$traversalFrom (#$TraversalFn CHAIN) A) and (#$traversalTo (#$TraversalFn CHAIN) B)). Related constants include #$TraversalFn, #$traversalFrom, #$traversalTo, #$pointOnTraversal, #$subTraversals, #$traversalPassesThrough, #$traversalInSystem, etc. Note that a #$Traversal, unlike a #$Path-Generic, can cross itself, i.e., can 'pass through' a point on it many times. (Mathematically: given a #$PathSystem or #$CustomarySystemOfLinks, a #$Traversal of it is a directed path that has a homomorphism into that system.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Line, :Route, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Translation-SingleTrajectory ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Path-Generic ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :TraversingaRoute :wnsense "cover7v", "cross1v", "traverse1v" ; :wordnet "cover", "cross", "traverse" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TraversingaRoute'' is ''Locomotion-SolidSurface'' that is a motion along some ''RouteOverGround'' on a solid surface. The ''RouteOverGround'' does not have to be an ArtifactObject, nor even to be previously traversed. It just has to be over ground, on foot or in a land vehicle. This can be used to specify a distance travelled, but @ToDo Rev1355 This differs from the subtype ''CrossingSomething'' in that the route traversed need not be previousy defined; this could be a case of trailblazing or just wandering from place to place. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'traverse' in WordNet: 1. (4) traverse, track, cover, cross, pass over, get over, get across, cut through, cut across - (travel across or pass over; 'The caravan covered almost 100 miles each day') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Locomotion-SolidSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :RouteOverGround ] . :Trawler :guid "c1008da3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "dragger2n", "trawler2n" ; :wordnet "dragger", "trawler" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subcollection of Ship that contains all trawlers, i.e., ships that drag large nets along the sea bottom in gathering fish or other marine lives. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trawler' in WordNet: 2. trawler, dragger - (a fishing boat that uses a trawl net or dragnet to catch fish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FishingBoat, :Ship, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trawling ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Trawling :eng "trawling" ; :guid "adf172a2-a5df-41d8-868b-e5684f13f2d9" ; :wnsense "trawl1v" ; :wordnet "trawl" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$Fishing. Each instance of #$Trawling is an event in which a large #$FishingNet is pulled through the water behind a boat (see #$Trawler) in order to catch a #$Mob of #$Fish. Most instances of #$Trawling are instances of #$CommercialFishing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trawl' in WordNet: 1. trawl - (fish with trawlers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fishing . :Tray :guid "bd5887ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tray1n" ; :wordnet "tray" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc this was a ContainerArtifact, but that stretches the meaning of 'container' beyond what is useful. 'NearlyFlatHolder' is a more specific substitute. SUMO: A Holder that is designed for Food, dishes, and flatware. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'tray' in WordNet: 1. (12) tray - (an open receptacle for holding or displaying or serving articles or food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :NearlyFlatHolder, :SmallObject . :Treacherous :isAnAttributeValueOf :BetrayingAnAgent, :Person ; :wnsense "perfidious1adj", "treacherous2adj" ; :wordnet "perfidious", "treacherous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Treacherous' is an attribute of Action that betrays a trust, or of a person performing such an Action., Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'treacherous' in Wordnet: 2. punic, perfidious, treacherous - (tending to betray; especially having a treacherous character as attributed to the Carthaginians by the Romans; 'Punic faith'; 'the perfidious Judas'; 'the fiercest and most treacherous of foes'; 'treacherous intrigues') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Treading :wnsense "step2v", "tread1v" ; :wordnet "step", "tread" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Treading'' is a type of 'Walking' where the foot is placed heavily on something so as to perform some action that may include a purpose other than merely moving forward - to tread *on* something. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tread' in WordNet: 1. (3) step, tread - (put down or press the foot, place the foot; 'For fools rush in where angels fear to tread'; 'step on the brake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess . :Treadmill :guid "c02b5acf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "treadmill1n" ; :wordnet "treadmill" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of equipment. Each #$Treadmill is a device with a wide belt mounted on rollers. The user walks or runs on the belt, which moves under the user's feet while the user stays in more or less the same place. A #$Treadmill is used for exercise or medical evaluation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treadmill' in WordNet: 1. (1) treadmill - (an exercise device consisting of an endless belt on which a person can walk or jog without changing place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :ConveyorBelt ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WalkingForExercise ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Treason :wnsense "high treason1n", "lese majesty1n", "treason1n" ; :wordnet "high treason", "lese majesty", "treason" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Treason'' is a ''BetrayingAnAgent'' in which the Agent betrayed is one's own Country, to the benefit of an Enemy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treason' in WordNet: 1. (4) treason, high treason, lese majesty - (a crime that undermines the offender's government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BetrayingAnAgent, :Crime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Treasonous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Homeland ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ForeignCountry :MilitaryEnemy :AgentType ) ] ] . :Treasonous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person, :Traitor, :Treason ; :wnsense "faithless1adj", "traitorous1adj", "treasonable1adj", "treasonous1adj", "unfaithful3adj" ; :wordnet "faithless", "traitorous", "treasonable", "treasonous", "unfaithful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'treasonous' in Wordnet: 1. faithless, traitorous, unfaithful, treasonable, treasonous - (having the character of, or characteristic of, a traitor; 'the faithless Benedict Arnold'; 'a lying traitorous insurrectionist') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disloyal . :Treasure :wnsense "treasure1n" ; :wordnet "treasure" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Treasure'' is some quantity of ''Riches'' owned by one person or located in some specific location. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treasure' in WordNet: 1. (2) treasure, hoarded wealth - (accumulated wealth in the form of money or jewels etc.; 'the pirates hid their treasure on a small island in the West Indies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Riches . :TreasureRoom :wnsense "treasury5n" ; :wordnet "treasury" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TreasureRoom'' is a ''Repository'' for storing valuable ''Asset''s to keep them safe. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'treasury' in WordNet: 5. treasury - (a depository (a room or building) where wealth and precious objects can be kept safely) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Repository, :Room, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StorageOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Safe ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Asset ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Treasurer :wnsense "financial officer1n", "treasurer1n" ; :wordnet "financial officer", "treasurer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Treasurer'' is a ''MoneyHandler'' with the title of 'treasurer' who handles money,such as the bank account, for an Organization and also has the responsibility of keeping records of receipts and disbursements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treasurer' in WordNet: 1. (3) treasurer, financial officer - (an officer charged with receiving and disbursing funds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Manager, :MoneyHandler, :OfficerInOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AccountingRecord ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :Treasury :wnsense "exchequer1n", "treasury1n" ; :wordnet "exchequer", "treasury" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treasury' in WordNet: 1. (7) treasury, exchequer - (the funds of a government or institution or individual) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidAsset . :TreatEvent :ldoce "treat" ; :wnsense "treat2n" ; :wordnet "treat" ; a :EventType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event that causes Delight (to some agent), especially one that is provided by another Person. This is not necessarily an Action, but it usually is. An Event that is a 'TreatEvent' provided gratis by another agent is a subtype, represented as 'TreatingSomeone'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'treat' in WordNet: 2. treat - (an occurrence that causes special pleasure or delight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaFeeling, :PleasantThing, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Delight ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Delightful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TreatObject :ldoce "treat" ; :wnsense "goody1n", "treat1n" ; :wordnet "goody", "treat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FoodObject that is considered especially good to eat, and eating it causes 'Delight'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treat' in WordNet: 1. dainty, delicacy, goody, kickshaw, treat - (something considered choice to eat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodObject, :PleasantThing, :Role . :TreatedAsDependent a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being a dependent or being treated as a dependent of another person, without the legal right to make choices for himherself.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :TreatedAsProperty a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being treated as though property, without human rights by some person.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay :en "treating an agent in a certain way" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay' is a broad type including as subtypes all actions in which an agent interacts with one or more Agents (usually ''Organism''s e.g. plant or animal or microorganism, but also Groups and Organizations) so as do something to or for that agent: to maintain, nourish, or breed the organism, regardless of whether it is for the benefit of the organism per se (as in some cases of keeping pets, humanitarianism, ecological or wildlife preservation), or to produce organisms for sale (as in farming). Subtypes include 'TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay', 'FeedingAnOrganism' and their subtypes. Some subtypes represent doing harm to an agent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AffectingSomething, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] ] . :TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay :ldoce "handle", "treat", "treatment" ; :wnsense "handle2v", "treat1v", "treatment2n" ; :wordnet "handle", "treat", "treatment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay'' is a subtype of 'TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay'for a broad Type of Actions in which one agent handles or interacts with some animal(s), including People. This does not necessarily involve touching; This can include managing, medical treatment, advice, social interaction, disciplining, hostile treatment, etc., and includes actions that stem from regarding people in a certain way, but not the mere mental act of regarding a person in a certain way. @ToDo: the manner of treatment should be topic of a restriction, but as of rev907 that restriction has not been added. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'treat' and sense 2 of 'handle' and includes part of sense 2 (referring to animals) of 'treatment' in WordNet: 1. (30) treat, handle, do by - (interact in a certain way; 'Do right by her'; 'Treat him with caution, please'; 'Handle the press reporters gently') WN noun 'treatment': 2. (25) treatment, handling - (the management of someone or something; 'the handling of prisoners'; 'the treatment of water sewage'; 'the right to equal treatment in the criminal justice system') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ] . :TreatingSomeone :ldoce "treat" ; :wnsense "treat2n", "treat5v" ; :wordnet "treat" ; a :ActionType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TreatingSomeone' is a 'TreatEvent' usually provided gratis by another agent, but sometimes (as in treating oneself) by oneself. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'treat' and part of noun sense 2 of 'treat' in WordNet: WN vberb 'treat': 5. (3) treat - (provide with a gift or entertainment; 'Grandmother always treated us to the circus'; 'I like to treat myself to a day at a spa when I am depressed') 2. treat - (an occurrence that causes special pleasure or delight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GivingEvent, :PurposefulAction, :Role, :TreatEvent . :Treatise :wnsense "treatise1n" ; :wordnet "treatise" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Treatise'' is a ''FactualText'' that includes information that is to some extent comprehensive on some topic. More than just a brief discussion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treatise' in WordNet: 1. treatise - (a formal exposition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FactualText, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Formal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Treaty :guid "c03f2084-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "accord3n", "pact1n", "treaty1n" ; :wordnet "accord", "pact", "treaty" ; a :AgreementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of agreements that are formally concluded between two or more geopolitical agents. Treaties are usually established in some ceremony, although they may be concluded in secret, and are usually instantiated in documents signed by the official representatives of the agent states concluding the treaty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'treaty' in WordNet: 1. (3) treaty, pact, accord - (a written agreement between two states or sovereigns) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BindingAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaTreaty ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :Tree :guid "bd58cf75-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tree" ; :wnsense "tree1n" ; :wordnet "tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Tree-ThePlant'. In SUMO called 'BotanicalTree'. MNOTE: some things considered a 'bush' may also be classified as a 'tree'. Cyc: A specialization of #$Plant-Woody. Each instance of #$Tree-ThePlant is a tall woody plant (typical mature specimens are usually taller than a person or a bush), generally having a branching form overall, and with roots in the ground, a trunk, and the branches having numerous leaves exposed to the sky. Notable specializations of #$Tree-ThePlant include #$OakTree, #$MapleTree, #$GiantSequoia, and #$BananaTree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tree' in WordNet: 1. (107) tree - (a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant-Woody . :Tree-PathSystem :en "abstract tree" ; :enn "abstract tree" ; :guid "be70229a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all those #$ConnectedPathSystems that look like trees, i.e., those #$ConnectedPathSystems that have no #$Path-Cyclics at all. Note that since each instance of #$Tree-PathSystem has no cycles in it, it has no loops, nor multiple links between two nodes.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConnectedPathSystem, :SimplePathSystem . :TreeBark :guid "c1006cbf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDesignedToCover :PlantPart, :TreeBranch, :TreeTrunk ; :wnsense "bark1n" ; :wordnet "bark" ; a :CoveringType, :PlantPartType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of the bark of a Tree or other woody plant. This is an Object; the material of which it is composed is 'BarkTisue'. NOTE: different tree barks have different degrees of flexibility, so the attribute 'Flexible' should not be applied to all instances. CYC: The collection of all instances of tree bark - the 'skin' of a tree's trunk and branches. SUMO: has 'skin' and 'wood', but no 'bark'. WordNet does not distinguish between a piece of bark and the material, but the closest meaning would be noun sense 1 of 'bark', which seems to cover both meanings. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'bark' in WordNet: 1. (4) bark - (tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyCovering, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantPart, :ProtectiveSystem, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlantPart ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TreeBranch ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TreeTrunk ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BarkTissue ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :TreeBranch :guid "c1006b20-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Tree ; :ldoce "branch", "limb" ; :wnsense "branch2n", "limb2n", "tree branch1n" ; :wordnet "branch", "limb", "tree branch" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all tree branches - which ordinarily make up the canopy of a tree, and bear the leaves. Also called a 'limb' of a tree. SUMO: Any PlantBranch which is part of a BotanicalTree. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'limb' and sense 1 of 'tree branch' and part of noun sense 2 of 'branch' (for trees) in Wordnet: 2. limb, tree branch - (any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree) WN 'tree branch' 1. (1) limb, tree branch - (any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantBranch, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :TreeOrBushType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TreeOrBushType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of ''PlantType'' that can serve as type for a ''Tree'' or a ''Bush'', allowing some more specific relations pertaining to these larger plants. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantType . :TreeTrunk :ldoce "trunk" ; :wnsense "trunk1n" ; :wordnet "trunk" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The central support of a Tree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tree trunk' and sense 1 of 'trunk' in WordNet: 1. (2) trunk, tree trunk, bole - (the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stem . :Treeless :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Tree ; :isTheOppositeOf :Wooded ; :wnsense "treeless1adj", "unwooded1adj" ; :wordnet "treeless", "unwooded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'treeless' in Wordnet: 1. unwooded, treeless - (not wooded) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Trek :wnsense "trek2n", "trek2v" ; :wordnet "trek" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Trek'' is a ''LongJourney'' that is ''Difficult''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trek' in WordNet: 2. trek - (any long and difficult trip) WN verb sense 'trek': 2. trek - (make a long and difficult journey; 'They trekked towards the North Pole with sleds and skis') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongJourney . :Trembling :en "trembling" ; :guid "bd589f3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "tremble" ; :wnsense "tremble1n", "tremble1v", "tremor3n" ; :wordnet "tremble", "tremor" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Trembling' is a 'Shuddering' Action that originates within an Animal, suggesting that some undesirable condition is present and therefore ''Abnormal''. This can be caused by cold, or fear, or some disease condition (such as Parkinson's). For Trembling specifically due to cold, use 'Shivering'; if the cause is not known, use this type. SUMO: Any BodyMotion which is involuntary and which is repeated many times over a short time frame, e.g. a tremor in the hands. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'shudder' and noun sense 1 of 'tremble' and noun sense 3 of 'tremor' in Wordnet: WN verb 'tremble': 1. (4) tremble - (move or jerk quickly and involuntarily up and down or sideways; 'His hands were trembling when he signed the document') WN noun 'tremble': 1. tremble, shiver, shake - (a reflex motion caused by cold or fear or excitement) WN noun 'tremor': 3. tremor - (shaking or trembling (usually resulting from weakness or stress or disease)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :BodyMovementEvent, :InvoluntaryBodyMovement, :Shuddering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Abnormal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tremor :isaSynonymOf :Oscillating ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO term for 'Oscillating'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :Trench :guid "bf582616-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trench3n" ; :wordnet "trench" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Ditch'' that is created by excavating the ground to a depth s that a Person can fit into it - horizontally or vertically. CYC: A collection of artifacts. Each instance of #$Trench is a hole that has been dug in a #$LongAndThin shape. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'trench' in WordNet: 3. trench - (any long ditch cut in the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ditch, :Excavation-Hole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Trend :ldoce "pattern" ; :wnsense "drift5n", "pattern1n", "tendency4n", "trend1n", "trend3n", "trend4n" ; :wordnet "drift", "pattern", "tendency", "trend" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any OrderedGroup of Events that display some recognizable pattern in the way that the Event characteristics change (or don't change) *over time*. The changes can be quantitative or qualitative, provided that the qualitative changes can be classified in some sequentially ordered fashion. Similar to sense 5 of 'pattern' in RHW: 5. a combination of qualities, acts, tendencies, etc., forming a consistent or characteristic arrangement: the behavior patterns of teenagers. Includes part of noun sense 1 of 'pattern' in WordNet,but this 'pattern' occurs independent of a Person's perception, and is not a MentalObject created by a Person as is ''Pattern'' in COSMO: in WordNet: 1. (29) form, shape, pattern - (a perceptual structure; the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them) WN WN Includes noun senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'trend' in WN 1. (18) tendency, trend - (a general direction in which something tends to move; 'the shoreward tendency of the current'; 'the trend of the stock market') 3. (1) drift, trend, movement - (a general tendency to change (as of opinion); 'not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book'; 'a broad movement of the electorate to the right') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup, :OrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChronologicallyOrdered ; owl:onProperty :hasOrderingRelation ] . :TrendingPattern :wnsense "drift5n", "trend3n" ; :wordnet "drift", "trend" ; a :GroupType, :PatternType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TrendingPattern'' is a ''Pattern'' in the way some characteristics of Events in a ''Trend'' changes over time. This is the Pattern as perceived by an IntelligentAgent (an ''Analyst''). As a ''MentalObject'', this perceived pattern must be created by some IntelligentAgent - here we use the general category of ''Analyst'' for the agent creating the pattern. NOTE that with 'deep learning' techniques, a computer can serve as the IntelligentAgent that rcognizes the Patternserving as a borderlne ''IntelligentAgent'' Is closest to noun sense 1 of 'trend' and also to part of noun sense 1 (temporal, not visual) of 'pattern' in WordNet : 3. (1) drift, trend, movement - (a general tendency to change (as of opinion); 'not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book'; 'a broad movement of the electorate to the right') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pattern, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trend ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Analyst :Automaton ) ] ] . :Trendy :isAnAttributeValueOf :Fad ; :isTheOppositeOf :Popular ; :wnsense "trendy1adj", "voguish2adj" ; :wordnet "trendy", "voguish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Trendy'' is a subAttribute of ''Popular'' for things that are ''Popular'' now, but weren't ''Popular'' in the near past,and probably won't be ''Popular'' in the near future. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'trendy' in Wordnet: 1. trendy, voguish - (in accord with the latest fad; 'trendy ideas'; 'trendy clothes'; 'voguish terminology') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Popular . :Trespassing :wnsense "intrude2v", "trespass1v" ; :wordnet "intrude", "trespass" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Trespassing'' is an ''EnteringaRegion'' that is a ''Crime'' (against the law), whether the region is private property or some governmental property where entering is forbidden. This includes entering structures that are not open to the public. This is a ''Crime' in common law. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trespass' in WordNet: 1. (2) trespass, intrude - (enter unlawfully on someone's property; 'Don't trespass on my land!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crime, :EnteringaRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Trial :guid "bd63d28f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trial1n" ; :wordnet "trial" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subcollection of #$LegalConflict events whose instances are heard and decided by a court and are officiated by a #$Judge. @mod59a Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trial' in WordNet: 1. (664) trial - ((law) legal proceedings consisting of the judicial examination of issues by a competent tribunal; 'most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CourtCase, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Courtroom ] . :TrialAndError :wnsense "trial and error1n" ; :wordnet "trial and error" ; a :PlanType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A''TrialAndError'' is a ''LearningProcedure'' in which an Agent (Person, Group, Organization) learns how to solve a problem or perform some action by trying possible methods, and when one doesn't work, trying another, until the correct method is found. This does not necessarily include an 'error', as the first attempt may work as intended. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trial and error' in WordNet: 1. (2) trial and error - (experimenting until a solution is found) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LearningProcedure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AttemptingActivity ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LearningHowToDoSomething ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :TrialPeriod :wnsense "test period1n", "trial period1n" ; :wordnet "test period", "trial period" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TrialPeriod'' is a ''TimeInterval' during which something - a Device, a method, or a Person is observed to determine if it performs adequately according to some criterion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trial period' in WordNet: 1. trial period, test period - (a period of time during which someone or something is tested) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeInterval . :Triangle :guid "bd58eb6a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "triangle1n" ; :wordnet "triangle" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides and a specialization of #$Polygon (q.v.). This is the collection of all three-sided polygons, whether spatially-localized or abstract. SUMO: Any three-sided Polygon. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'triangle' in Wordnet: 1. (2) triangle, trigon, trilateral - (a three-sided polygon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polygon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:int ; owl:onProperty :hasNumberOfSides ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Triangular ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :Triangular :wnsense "triangular1adj" ; :wordnet "triangular" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a 2-dimensional object having three straight sides connected at three corners forming three angles. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'triangular' in Wordnet: 1. (1) triangular - (having three angles; forming or shaped like a triangle; 'a triangular figure'; 'a triangular pyrimid has a triangle for a base') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angular . :Tribal :pertainsTo :CommunityOfInterest, :Tribe ; :wnsense "tribal1adj" ; :wordnet "tribal" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tribal'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to a ''Tribe'' or things assocated with tribes generally, and includes the metaphorcal usage pertaining to close-knit ''CommmunityOfOnterest''s Includes but is broader than adjective sense 1 of 'tribal' in WordNet: 1. (2) tribal - (relating to or characteristic of a tribe; 'tribal customs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TribalChief :ldoce "chief" ; :wnsense "Indian chief1n", "Indian chieftain1n", "chief2n" ; :wordnet "Indian chief", "Indian chieftain", "chief" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The headman of a Tribe or Clan, whether or not s/he is referenced by a term that translates as 'chief'. This is sense 2 of 'chief' in RHW: 2. the head or ruler of a tribe or clan: an Indian chief. WN 'Indian chief' should be a subtype. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'Indian chief' in WordNet: 1. Indian chief, Indian chieftain - (the leader of a group of native Americans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leader . :Tribe :ldoce "tribe" ; :wnsense "tribe2n" ; :wordnet "tribe" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GroupOfPeople, larger than a clan or community, partly related by common descent, at least in tradition, having a common language, and some additional ties of common identity that have persisted over more than a few generations. This type corresponds to the HRAF definition of 'tribe', and of sense 1 of 'tribe' in RHW: HRAF (619 TRIBE AND NATION): Presence or absence of groups larger than the community to which people think they 'belong' in an extended kinship sense; basis of identification (e.g., common name, common language, contiguous territory, common culture, tradition of common descent); intratribal intercourse and communication (e.g., trade, intermarriage); degree of development of nationalistic aspirations. Randome House Webster 'tribe': 1. any aggregate of people united by ties of descent from a common ancestor, community of customs and traditions, adherence to the same leaders, etc. This sense is somewhat broader than 'tribe' sense 4 in WordNet, not requiring true descent from a common ancestor (as with a Clan), and include 'tribes' of American Indians that are sometimes referred to as 'nation' or 'federation' such as the Sioux or Iroquois. possessive case in WordNet: 2. tribe, federation of tribes - (a federation (as of American Indians)) 4. kin, kin group, kinship group, kindred, clan, tribe - (group of people related by blood or marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KinshipGroup . :Tribunal :guid "bd684624-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "court" ; :wnsense "court1n", "judicature1n", "tribunal1n" ; :wordnet "court", "judicature", "tribunal" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of organizations. Each instance of #$Tribunal is a collective #$JudicialAgent, consisting of a group of people who are appointed, sometimes on a temporary basis (as opposed to the permanent nature of a #$Court-Judicial), to judge special matters and determine punishment or order restitution or other remedies. This is a CYC concept that can be used for non-governmental 'tribunals'. NOTE: this differs from ''Court-Judicial'' in that this is a one-Event agent that performs one act of judging. For the continuing Organization that conducts many such sessions, ''Court-Judicial'' can be used. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tribunal' in WordNet: 1. (1) court, tribunal, judicature - (an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JudicialAgent, :Organization . :Tributary :wnsense "affluent2n", "confluent1n", "feeder3n", "tributary1n" ; :wordnet "affluent", "confluent", "feeder", "tributary" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tributary'' is a ''StreamBranch'' that flows into some reference ''Stream'' (usually a River). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tributary' in WordNet: 1. feeder, tributary, confluent, affluent - (a branch that flows into the main stream) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StreamBranch . :Triceps :guid "bd58f4ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "triceps1n" ; :wordnet "triceps" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The large muscle that runs along the back of the upper arm. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'triceps' in WordNet: 1. triceps - (any skeletal muscle having three origins (but especially the triceps brachii)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkeletalMuscle . :TrickingSomeone :en "tricking" ; :ldoce "trick" ; :wnsense "chicanery1n", "trick1n", "trick1v", "trickery2n", "wile1n" ; :wordnet "chicanery", "trick", "trickery", "wile" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TrickingSomeone' is an Action in which one agent deceives another intentionally in order to get the second agent to perform some Action that s/he would not have performed if not tricked. Although a 'TrickingSomeone' Action may include either Lying or Cheating, there must be some Action performed by the tricked agent that would not otherwise have been done. For cheating at cards, for example, the second agent would have played card, though they would not have lost as much. Includes senses 1 and 3 of 'wile' from RHW: 1. a trick, artifice, or stratagem meant to fool, trap, or entice; device. 3. deceitful cunning; trickery. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense of 'trick' in WordNet: WN noun 'trick': 1. (2) trick, fast one - (a cunning or deceitful action or device; 'he played a trick on me'; 'he pulled a fast one and got away with it') WN verb 'trick': 1. (1) flim-flam, trick, fob, fox, pull a fast one on, play a trick on - (deceive somebody; 'We tricked the teacher into thinking that class would be cancelled next week') WN noun 'trickery': 2. trickery, chicanery, chicane, guile, wile, shenanigan - (the use of tricks to deceive someone (usually to extract money from them)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deceiving . :Tricycle :guid "c1009600-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tricycle1n", "trike1n", "velocipede2n" ; :wordnet "tricycle", "trike", "velocipede" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """rev1651Sv - inconsistent?? hasPP SupportingWheel? NOTE; cardinality restriction '3' on supporting wheel makes the ontology inconsistent in Pellet (not Fact++) after save; without the cardinality, OK. Something odd about Pellet. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tricycle' in WordNet: 1. tricycle, trike, velocipede - (a vehicle with three wheels that is moved by foot pedals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :ManufacturedGoods, :MountableTransporter, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreeSupportingWheels ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :WheelPedal ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pedaling ; owl:onProperty :hasMannerOfUse ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Child ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :Triggered :ened "activated", "switched on", "triggered", "turned on" ; :guid "34f826b8-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Device, :TriggeringMechanism ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ActivatingaDevice ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Triggered'' is the attribute of some Device that experienced a ''ActivatingaDevice'' and therfore has performed or is performing it design function. CYC: When a triggering mechanism goes to this state, it activates the device it controls. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :TriggeringMechanism :en "triggering mechanism" ; :enn "triggering mechanism" ; :guid "bd590a87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trigger2n" ; :wordnet "trigger" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A part of physical system that releases the potential energy stored in the system's configuration. The triggering mechanism does not provide significant energy to the system. Examples: a trigger on a gun, the triggering mechanism on a mouse trap, the shutter release on a camera. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trigger' in WordNet: 2. trigger - (a device that activates or releases or causes something to happen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlDevice, :MechanicalDevice, :PhysicalPartOfObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ActivatingaDevice ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Triglyceride :wnsense "triglyceride1n" ; :wordnet "triglyceride" ; a :LipidType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of a large group of substances consisting of glycerol esterified with three fatty acids. This is the dominant type of Lipid in most animal 'FattySubstance's. Cyc: The collection of all triglycerides, also known as neutral lipids. In a triglyceride molecule, three molecules of one or more different fatty acids are linked to a glycerol molecule. Triglycerides are found in #$FattyTissue of #$Mammals and in plant #$Seeds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'triglyceride' in WordNet: 1. triglyceride - (glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ester, :Lipid, :OrganicCompound . :Trigonometry :wnsense "trig1n", "trigonometry1n" ; :wordnet "trig", "trigonometry" ; a :ObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Trigonometry'' is a branch of ''Mathematics''concerning itself with Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trigonometry' in WordNet: 1. trigonometry, trig - (the mathematics of triangles and trigonometric functions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FieldOfStudy, :Methodology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Triangle ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mathematics ; owl:onProperty :isaBranchOf ] . :Trim :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "spare1adj", "trim1adj" ; :wordnet "spare", "trim" ; a :AppearanceType, :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Of people being ''Slender'' as well as 'physically fit'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trim' in WordNet: 1. (1) spare, trim - (thin and fit; 'the spare figure of a marathon runner'; 'a body kept trim by exercise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Slender . :Trimming-Decorating :wnsense "trim2v" ; :wordnet "trim" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Trimming-Decorating'' is a type of ''Decorating'' with small ornaments - used most commonly of 'trimming' a Christmas Tree. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trim' in WordNet: 2. (1) trim - (decorate, as with ornaments; 'trim the christmas tree'; 'trim a shop window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decorating . :TrinidadAndTobago a :Country . :TrinityCollegeCampus :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :DublinIreland ; :isNearTo :TheOldLibraryAtTrinityCollege ; :isOwnedBy :UniversityOfDublin ; :isaSpatialPartOf :DublinIreland ; a :SchoolGrounds ; rdfs:comment "The physical grounds of Trinity college in Dublin, Ireland." . :Trio :wnsense "triad2n", "trio4n", "triple2n", "triplet3n" ; :wordnet "triad", "trio", "triple", "triplet" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Trio is a Group containing exactly three elements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trio' in Wordnet: 4. trio, triad, triplet, triple - (a set of three similar things considered as a unit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCardinalityNumber ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Triple :wnsense "threefold1adj", "treble3adj", "triple1adj", "triple2adj", "triplex1adj" ; :wordnet "threefold", "treble", "triple", "triplex" ; a :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'triple' in Wordnet: 1. (2) ternary, treble, triple, triplex - (having three units or components or elements; 'a ternary operation'; 'a treble row of red beads'; 'overcrowding made triple sessions necessary'; 'triple time has three beats per measure'; 'triplex windows') 2. treble, threefold, three-fold, triple - (three times as great or many; 'a claim for treble (or triple) damages'; 'a threefold increase') """ . :TriplexApartment :en "triplex apartment" ; :enn "triplex apartment" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TriplexApartment''' is an ''Apartment'' that is a two-story residence that is one of the three parts of a ''TriplexBuilding'', separated by a common wall. No Wn sense for this. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, :SingleResidenceUnit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TriplexBuilding ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :TriplexBuilding :en "triplex apartment building" ; :guid "bf34ec48-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "semidetached house1n" ; :wordnet "semidetached house" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TriplexBuilding'' is a ''ResidentialBuilding'' that contains three ''TriplexApartment''s each separated from one or both of the others by a vertical wall(s) from roof to basement. In CYC 'Triplex'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ResidentialBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :TriplexApartment ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Tripod :wnsense "tripod1n" ; :wordnet "tripod" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tripod' is a ''SupportingObject'' for holding objects at a height above the ground convenient for a Person to use. A ''Tripod'' can be short, but the most common ones have a place to hold objects at about a Person's shoulder level. This differs from ''Holder''s that are used for storage, as shelves, in that a ''Tripod'' tends to be used for only a short time while the Person is using the supported Object. Common uses for a ''Tripod'' are as a support for a camera or as a support for graphic material on paper; for the latter, use the subtype ''Easel''. NOTE that the restriction specifies a minimum lenth for the legs of the tripod as 60cm (2 feet). This refers to the maximum extension, as tripod legs often are extendable. The hyperym for 'tripod' in WN is 'rack', which is not quite right. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tripod' in WordNet: 1. (1) tripod - (a three-legged rack used for support) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Holder, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UsingAnObject ; owl:onProperty :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreeArtifactLegs ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :Trivet :wnsense "trivet2n" ; :wordnet "trivet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Trivet'' is a small ''SmallSupportingStand'' that is very hort (less than 3 inches high) with short (les than 1 inch high) legs, used to hold hot food vessels (''HotCookingVessel'') off the table or counter when the content are ready to eat. Some trivets have handles. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trivet' in WordNet: 2. trivet - (a stand with short feet used under a hot dish on a table) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :NonPoweredDevice, :SmallSupportingStand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HotCookingVessel ; owl:onProperty :supports ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-topped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortLegOfArtifact ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Trivia :en "trivia", "trivial facts", "trivialities" ; :guid "bdb06ccc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Trivia'' is a Group of individual ''Fact''s (each one small bit of ''Knowledge'') tht, as a group, are not conected with or interrelated to each other, and each have little importance outside a small sphere of interest or for daily life. CYC: The collection of all items of trivia: individual facts about some detail about the world that people are not expected to know because they are insignificant for daily life. RHW: matters or things that are very unimportant, inconsequential, or nonessential; trifles; trivialities. No WN sense for this meaning of 'trivia' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Fact ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unimportant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Trivial :en "nickel-and-dime" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Important ; :wnsense "fiddling1adj", "footling1adj", "insignificant1adj", "lilliputian3adj", "little5adj", "negligible1adj", "negligible2adj", "niggling1adj", "paltry1adj", "petty2adj", "picayune1adj", "piddling1adj", "piffling1adj", "trifling1adj", "trivial1adj", "trivial5adj" ; :wordnet "fiddling", "footling", "insignificant", "lilliputian", "little", "negligible", "niggling", "paltry", "petty", "picayune", "piddling", "piffling", "trifling", "trivial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute meaning 'very unimportant'. This is an EvaluativeAttribute - what is Important to some people will be Unimportant to others. Approximate synonym in RHW is 'nickel-and-dime': RHW 'nickel-and-dime': of little or no importance; trivial; petty: a nickel-and-dime business that soon folded. Includes adjective senses 1 and 5 of 'trivial' and sense 2 of 'negligible' in WordNet: 1. (4) fiddling, footling, lilliputian, little, niggling, piddling, piffling, petty, picayune, trivial - ((informal) small and of little importance; 'a fiddling sum of money'; 'a footling gesture'; 'our worries are lilliputian compared with those of countries that are at war'; 'a little (or small) matter'; 'a dispute over niggling details'; 'limited to petty enterprises'; 'piffling efforts'; 'giving a police officer a free meal may be against the law, but it seems to be a picayune infraction') 5. insignificant, trivial - (not large enough to consider or notice) WN adj 'negligible': 2. negligible, paltry, trifling - (not worth considering; 'he considered the prize too paltry for the lives it must cost'; 'piffling efforts'; 'a trifling matter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insignificant . :Trivializing :wnsense "trivialise1v", "trivialize1n" ; :wordnet "trivialise", "trivialize" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Trivializing'' is an ''Understating'' suggesting or implying that the thing discussed is much less important or significant or difficult than most objective evaluators would believe. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trivialize' in WordNet: 1. trivialize, trivialise - (make trivial or insignificant; 'Don't trivialize the seriousness of the issue!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opinion ] . :Troll :wnsense "troll1n" ; :wordnet "troll" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Troll'' is a Mythical (fairy tale) creature that may have some supernatural power, human scall but of varying size, depending on the tale, and usually evil in its desire to harm humans. NOTE: not considered 'Fictional', so it can be classified as a PhysicalObject. Trolls with varying properties are just different races of Trolls or mutants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'troll' in Wordnet: 1. (1) troll - ((Scandanavian folklore) a supernatural creature (either a dwarf or a giant) that is supposed to live in caves or in the mountains) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :HumanScaleObject, :IntelligentAgent, :MythicalThing, :SentientAnimal, :SupernaturalBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evil ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Trombone :guid "c0f474f2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trombone1n" ; :wordnet "trombone" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: long medium-sized brass instrument. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trombone' in WordNet: 1. trombone - (a brass instrument consisting of a long tube whose length can be varied by a U-shaped slide) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrassInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VariableLengthMeasure ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :TroopOfSoldiers :wnsense "troop1n" ; :wordnet "troop" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TroopOfSoldiers'' is an informal term for a ''MilitaryUnit'' of ground troops smaller than a 'division. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'troop' in WordNet: 1. (10) troop - (a group of soldiers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmyUnit . :Trope :en "trope" ; :enn "trope" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Trope'' is a term of philosophy that represents the AttributeValue of some specific Thing that has that attribute ('the blueness of the sky today'). In COSMO there is as yet no need for this concept. That some specific instance of an owl:Class has an attribute value is asserted at the level of that instance of that owl:Class: X (an individual thing) hasAttrbuteValue Y If some application has a need for Tropes in this sense, this type can be used or expanded. It may be closer to the philosophical intent to represent this as an instance of attribute value, and this type can be changed to whatever fits the application. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual . :Trophy :guid "be010ebe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "prize3n", "trophy2n" ; :wordnet "prize", "trophy" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Trophy'' is an AwardSymbol e.g. a medal, cup, 'Green Jacket', any ''SymbolicObject'' that symbolizes a Victory and is awarded by someAuthority,usually a Sports Organization. IT may have some inherent value (if silver or gold) but is valued mostly for its symbolism. CYC: A collection of objects. Each element of #$Trophy is a solid tangible object with a symbolic meaning, awarded to some agent(s) in recognition for winning some competition or achieving some goal. Trophies typically contain (e.g., in engraved writing) the name of the award, date, and name(s) of the recipient(s). Examples: the Heisman trophy, the Americas Cup, an Oscar. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trophy' in WordNet: 2. trophy, prize - (something given as a token of victory) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AwardSymbol, :SymbolicObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :VictoryAward ] . :TropicLike :ldoce "tropical" ; :wnsense "tropical4adj" ; :wordnet "tropical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hot and Humid atmospheric conditions, resembling the prototypical tropical climate. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'tropical' in WordNet: 4. tropical, tropic - (of weather or climate; hot and humid as in the tropics; 'tropical weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hot, :Humid . :Tropical :ldoce "tropical" ; :pertainsTo :Tropics ; :wnsense "tropic1adj", "tropical1adj" ; :wordnet "tropic", "tropical" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Of or pertaining to the 'Tropics' - the region of the Earth's surface. For the AttributeValue that means 'resembling the Tropics', in being hot and humid, use 'TropicLike' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tropical' in WordNet: 1. (4) tropical, tropic - (relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator); 'tropical islands'; 'tropical fruit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TropicalFish :en "tropical fish" ; :enn "tropical fish" ; :guid "bd58bcae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "c0fd4532-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: any of numerous small, usually brightly colored fishes, indigenous to the tropics, and often kept and bred in home aquariums. NOTE: there are many fish specific to the tropics that do not fall into this category - WN does not have a synset for this concept, tropical fish able to be kept in small ''DomesticAquarium''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BonyFish, :Fish, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrilliantlyColored ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tropics ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticPet ; owl:onProperty :mayFillTheRoleOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DomesticAquarium ; owl:onProperty :fitsInsideOf ] . :Tropics :wnsense "tropics1n" ; :wordnet "tropics" ; a :GeographicalRegion ; rdfs:comment """The 'Tropics' is a GeographicalRegion bordering Earth's Equator, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. It is characterized by generally hot temperatures at sea level. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tropics' in WordNet: 1. Torrid Zone, tropical zone, tropics - (the part of the Earth's surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate) """ . :Trotting :en "trotting" ; :isFasterThan :Walking ; :wnsense "trot1v" ; :wordnet "trot" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A relaxed, relatively slow (not vigorous) manner of ''Running''. Specifically for ;;Animals, usually horses. For the trotting done by by people for exercise, use ''Jogging''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trot' in WordNet: 1. (10) trot, jog, clip - (run at a moderately swift pace) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gait, :Running, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Mammal :AnimalType ) ] ] . :Trouble :ldoce "trouble" ; :wnsense "trouble1n", "trouble3n" ; :wordnet "trouble" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ProblemSituation that is Risky (possibly being the more intensive 'Dangerous'), and therefore presents a greater incentive to remove the problem (trouble) than a ProblemSituation that is not Risky. Includes parts of senses 1 and 3 of 'trouble' in WordNet (nothing quite exactly the same): in WordNet: 1. (21) trouble, problem - (a source of difficulty; 'one trouble after another delayed the job'; 'what's the problem?') 3. (11) trouble - (an event causing distress or pain; 'what is the trouble?'; 'heart trouble') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProblemSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Risky ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Troublesome ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Troubled :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Distress ; :isTheOppositeOf :Untroubled ; :wnsense "disquieted1adj", "distressed4adj", "disturbed2adj", "troubled1adj", "upset1adj", "worried1adj" ; :wordnet "disquieted", "distressed", "disturbed", "troubled", "upset", "worried" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Troubled'' is the attribute of someone who is feeling ''Distress''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'troubled' and sense 4 of 'distressed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) troubled - (characterized by or indicative of distress or affliction or danger or need; 'troubled areas'; 'fell into a troubled sleep'; 'a troubled expression'; 'troubled teenagers') WN adj 'distressed': 4. disquieted, distressed, disturbed, upset, worried - (afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief; 'too upset to say anything'; 'spent many disquieted moments'; 'distressed about her son's leaving home'; 'lapsed into disturbed sleep'; 'worried parents'; 'a worried frown'; 'one last worried check of the sleeping children') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FeelingAttribute . :Troublemaker :wnsense "bad hat1n", "mischief-maker1n", "trouble maker1n", "troublemaker1n", "troubler1n" ; :wordnet "bad hat", "mischief-maker", "trouble maker", "troublemaker", "troubler" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ WN 'bad hat'?? not in RHW Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'troublemaker' in WordNet: 1. troublemaker, trouble maker, troubler, mischief-maker, bad hat - (someone who deliberately stirs up trouble) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonaNonGrata, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoying ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoyance ; owl:onProperty :agentMayCauseState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trouble ; owl:onProperty :agentMayCauseState ] . :Troubleshooting :en "troubleshooting" ; :eng "trouble-shooting", "troubleshooting" ; :wnsense "trouble-shoot1v" ; :wordnet "trouble-shoot" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Troubleshooting'' is the first step in ''SolvingaProblem''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trouble-shoot' in WordNet: 1. trouble-shoot - (solve problems; 'He is known to be good at trouble-shooting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnalyzingSomething, :Diagnosing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectAnalyzed ; owl:someValuesFrom :ProblemToBeSolved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnderstandingaProblem ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnderstandingaProblem ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Restoring ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepairingEvent ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolvingaProblem ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Troublesome :isAnAttributeValueOf :Brat, :ProblemSituation ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Difficulty, :Trouble ; :wnsense "troublesome1adj" ; :wordnet "troublesome" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'troublesome' in Wordnet: 1. (3) troublesome - (difficult to deal with; 'a troublesome infection'; 'a troublesome situation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Troupe :wnsense "company2n", "troupe1n" ; :wordnet "company", "troupe" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'troupe' in WordNet: 1. (2) company, troupe - (organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical); 'the traveling company all stayed at the same hotel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ; owl:someValuesFrom :Artist-Performer ] . :Trousers :en "pants" ; :ldoce "pant", "trousers" ; :wnsense "pant2n", "trouser1n", "trouser2n" ; :wordnet "pant", "trouser" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Trousers are 'Pants' that extend at least to the knee, and usually to the ankles.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pant' and noun senses 1 and 2 of 'trouser' (but sense 2 is singular) in WordNet: 1. (3) trouser, pant - ((usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately; 'he had a sharp crease in his trousers') 2. trouser - (a garment (or part of a garment) designed for or relating to trousers; 'in his trouser's pocket'; 'he ripped his left trouser on the fence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pants, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BothLegs ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Trout :guid "bd58bcae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trout2n" ; :wordnet "trout" ; a :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trout' in WordNet: 2. trout - (any of various game and food fishes of cool fresh waters mostly smaller than typical salmons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BonyFish, :EdibleFish, :Fish . :Truck :guid "bd58b381-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "truck1n" ; :wordnet "truck" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$RoadVehicle. Each instance of #$Truck is a road vehicle designed to carry both passengers and (relatively heavy) cargo. A typical instance of #$Truck has a cab area for the driver, as well as a large cargo area separate from the cab. The cargo area of a truck may be open (as in many instances of #$PickupTruck) or closed (as in most instances of #$SemiTrailer-Truck). Some specializations of #$Truck are #$DumpTruck, #$FireTruck, and #$GarbageTruck. COSMO: a truck must be designed for use so that the cargo area has a larger capacity than the passenger area. IF a truck is converted for primarily passenger use, it will become a Passenger vehicle by virtue of the secondary manufacturing process. SUMO: Truck is the subclass of RoadVehicles that are designed primarily for transporting various kinds of non-passenger loads. Truck is the class of single-bodied trucks or TruckTractors. Note: TractorTrailer combinations are a distinct class. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truck' in Wordnet: 1. (20) truck, motortruck - (an automotive vehicle suitable for hauling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :RoadVehicle, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Automobile ; owl:onProperty :isLargerThan ] . :TruckTractor :guid "c10097a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tractor2n" ; :wordnet "tractor" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Vehicles used for hauling semitrailers or other freight trailers such as tankers or car carriers. \"WheeledTransportationDevice\" SUMO: TruckTractor is the subclass of Trucks that are used to tow truck trailers. Truck tractors are the cab portions of tractor-trailers. See also TruckTrailer. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tractor' in WordNet: 2. tractor - (a truck that has a cab but no body; used for pulling large trailers or vans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tractor, :Truck, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Towing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TruckTrailer ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :TruckTraffic :wnsense "truck traffic1n" ; :wordnet "truck traffic" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TruckTraffic'' is a ''VehicularTraffic'' on a ''Roadway'' in which a 'Truck'' transports ''Person''(s) and any associated cargo. If the vehicle is self-driving, there may be no people in the vehicle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truck traffic' in WordNet: 1. truck traffic - (trucks coming and going) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VehicularTraffic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Truck ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :TruckTrailer :guid "bd58ed6f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trailer3n" ; :wordnet "trailer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Typical detached semitrailer for hauling dry freight. SUMO: TruckTrailer is the subclass of Trailers that are towed by TruckTractors. These are the trailers used in tractor-trailer (semi-trailer) rigs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trailer' in WordNet: 3. trailer - (a large transport conveyance designed to be pulled by a truck or tractor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialTransporter, :Trailer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TruckTractor ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Trudging :eng "plodding", "slogging", "tramping", "trudging" ; :wnsense "footslog1n", "pad3v", "plod1v", "slog2v", "tramp2v", "trudge1v" ; :wordnet "footslog", "pad", "plod", "slog", "tramp", "trudge" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trudge' in WordNet: 1. (6) slog, footslog, plod, trudge, pad, tramp - (walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud; 'Mules plodded in a circle around a grindstone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Walking . :True :ldoce "correct", "true" ; :wnsense "correct1adj" ; :wordnet "correct" ; a :TrueOrFalse ; rdfs:comment """'True' relates to assertions, and for this purpose 'correct' can have the same sense. The sense of 'correct' meaning 'the proper one of several possible choices' is a different sense (see 'Correct'). This should only be used for logical operations; for real-world facts, use ''KnownToBeTrue''. This labels concepts 2 and 3 below. Things can be labeled as 'true' that cannot be contradicted in a constructed theory with given premises but that is not the usual usage nor the topic that creates debate. 'consistent' might be more useful for that notion. One may distinguish at least three type of assertions about physical reality that we can label as 'true': (1) absolute truth: the way things are in the world - the things scientists **try** to discover, even though we can only discover approximations. Not very useful, except as a theory or assertion of faith. (2) Apparently true, based on supporting evidence that has not been contradicted. Many scientific theories fall into this category. (3) True within some field of application, in having supporting data that demonstrates that it can be used confidently for calculations and predictions within at least a certain range of experimental error, though further investigation may show that it does not hold to higher degrees of accuracy, and may be supplemented by refinements to a theory, or replaced completely by another theory. Newton's laws of gravity and force (f=ma) are of this type, useful for most applications that do not deal with extreme gravity or speeds close to the speed of light or measurements that have extremely high precision. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'correct' in WordNet: 1. (6) correct, right - (free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth; 'the correct answer'; 'the correct version'; 'the right answer'; 'took the right road'; 'the right decision') """ . :TrueInTheRealWorld :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposition ; :refersToExternalEntity :RealWorld ; :wnsense "true1adj" ; :wordnet "true" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TrueInaContext'' is an Attribute of Propositions (including Assertions) that 'conform to' the self-consistent Situations in ''TheRealWorld''. For 'true' and 'false' as values of a true/false assertion use ''True'' or ''False'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'true.' in WordNet: 1. (84) true - (consistent with fact or reality; not false; 'the story is true'; 'it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true'- B. Russell; 'the true meaning of the statement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TrueInaContext . :TrueInaContext :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposition ; :isTheOppositeOf :FalseInaContext ; :refersToExternalEntity :Context ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TrueInaContext'' is an Attribute of Propositions (including Assertions) that 'conform to' the Situation in some Context. if the Context is a ''FictionalContext'' then something ''TrueInaContext'' for that context is not sure to be ''TrueInTheRealWorld''. NOTE that statements other than mathematical theorems with assumptions and conclusions may be only partly true or potentially misleading if taken literally, so this should be interpreted as 'likely true' or 'mostly true'. For assertions that are demonstrably and objectively ''Proven'' beyond any meaningful doubt, use ''Proven'', and that will be taken to mean 'true and not likely to be disproven'. For 'true' and 'false' as values of a true/false assertion use ''True'' or ''False''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TrueOrFalse :guid "bd58e3ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "truth" ; :wnsense "truth4n" ; :wordnet "truth" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TrueOrFalse' is the type containing only two instances, the 'TruthValue's 'True' and 'False' Cyc: #$TruthValue is a collection of mathematical objects; it contains the abstract, logical objects #$True and #$False. SUMO: The Class of truth values, e.g. True and False. These are Attributes of Sentences and Propositions. Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'truth' in WordNet; this type includes truth values far from the true value: in WordNet: 4. (3) accuracy, truth - (the quality of being near to the true value; 'he was beginning to doubt the accuracy of his compass'; 'the lawyer questioned the truth of my account') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TruthValue . :TrueStatement :ldoce "fact", "truth" ; :wnsense "fact2n", "truth1n" ; :wordnet "fact", "truth" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TrueStatement' is a 'StatementOfFact' that is true in some Context. For statements that are ''TrueInTheRealWorld'' use the subtype''TrueStatement-RealWorld''. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'fact' and and sense 1 of 'truth'in WordNet: 2. (91) fact - (a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; 'he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts') WN 'truth': 1. (17) truth - (a fact that has been verified; 'at last he knew the truth'; 'the truth is that he didn't want to do it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StatementOfFact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTrueIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ContextType :Context :Theory :PossibleWorld ) ] ] . :TrueStatement-RealWorld :ldoce "fact", "truth" ; :wnsense "fact2n", "truth1n" ; :wordnet "fact", "truth" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TrueStatement-RealWorld' is a ''TrueStatement'' pertaining to the ''RealWorld'' that has been verified to a hgh degree of certainty by Observing, i.e. is also a 'VerifiedFact'. NOTE that a ''TrueStatement-RealWorld'' can be composed of multiple ''TrueStatement-RealWorld''s. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 2 of 'fact' and and sense 1 of 'truth'in WordNet: 2. (91) fact - (a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; 'he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts') WN 'truth': 1. (17) truth - (a fact that has been verified; 'at last he knew the truth'; 'the truth is that he didn't want to do it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StatementOfFact, :VerifiedFact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :isTrueIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrueInTheRealWorld ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Truncated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Truncating ; :wnsense "truncate1adj", "truncated2adj" ; :wordnet "truncate", "truncated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Truncated'' is the attribute of an Object that has been shortened - usually applied to 3-dmensonal Objects, whether abstract or physical. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'truncated' in Wordnet: 2. truncate, truncated - (terminating abruptly by having or as if having an end or point cut off; 'a truncate leaf'; 'truncated volcanic mountains'; 'a truncated pyramid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :TruncatedCone :wnsense "truncated cone1n" ; :wordnet "truncated cone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TruncatedCone'' is an Object shaped mostly like a ''Cone'' but having the tapering end truncated by removing the end part along a plane parallel to the base. NOTE:this ''TrunatedCone'' is a subtype of ''Cone'' but probably needs a different parent. Perhaps it is a 'part of a cone'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truncated cone' in WordNet: 1. truncated cone - (a frustum formed from a cone) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat-topped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Truncated ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Truncating :wnsense "cut short3v", "truncate3v" ; :wordnet "cut short", "truncate" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Truncating'' is a ''Shortening'' of some Object, not for an Action.. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'truncate' in WordNet: 3. truncate, cut short - (make shorter as if by cutting off; 'truncate a word'; 'Erosion has truncated the ridges of the mountains') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shortening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Truncated ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ] . :Trundling :eng "trundling" ; :wnsense "trundle1v" ; :wordnet "trundle" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Trundling'' is a ''Translocation'' of a Wheeled vehicle that is relatively heavy for its size and type) and is moving on a solid surface at a slow or moderate speed (not fast), and is heavy, which may cause the vehicle to make a rumbling sound as it moves. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'trundle' in WordNet: 1. (3) trundle - (move heavily; 'the streetcar trundled down the avenue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slow ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WheeledTransportationDevice ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeavyObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Trunk-BodyCore :guid "c03b4dc3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "trunk" ; :wnsense "trunk3n" ; :wordnet "trunk" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Trunk-BodyCore is a specialization of #$ExternalAnatomicalPart and #$AnimalBodyPart. Each instance of #$Trunk-BodyCore is a body core of a vertebrate. A #$Trunk-BodyCore is the main portion of the animal's body, generally located centrally, and one can conceive of an animal's body as a #$Trunk-BodyCore to which are connected the head and various appendages which together make up the entire body. To refer to a human #$Trunk-BodyCore use the more specific term, #$Torso. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'trunk' in WordNet: 3. torso, trunk, body - (the body excluding the head and neck and limbs; 'they moved their arms and legs and bodies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart . :TrunkOfAnElephant :guid "bd58df42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "trunk" ; :wnsense "trunk5n" ; :wordnet "trunk" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Elephant's long nose. In CYC called 'Trunk-TheAppendage\"' SUMO: The Organ of Smelling. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'trunk' in WordNet: 5. proboscis, trunk - (a long flexible snout as of an elephant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :Nose . :TrunkOfCar :guid "bd58d99a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "trunk" ; :wnsense "automobile trunk1n", "boot2n", "luggage compartment1n", "trunk4n" ; :wordnet "automobile trunk", "boot", "luggage compartment", "trunk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The storage compartment of an Automobile that is eitfer in the rear or the front, with a hatch or lid that opens from the outside. CYC: The enclosed trunk of a car found in notchback cars, for instance. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'trunk' in WordNet: 4. luggage compartment, automobile trunk, trunk - (compartment in an automobile that carries luggage or shopping or tools; 'he put his golf bag in the trunk') WN noun 'boot': 2. (1) boot - (British term for the luggage compartment in a car) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AutoPart, :ManufacturedGoods, :StorageConstruct, :VehiclePart . :Truss :wnsense "truss1n" ; :wordnet "truss" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Truss'' is a bandage-like strap and pad that is worn around the hip and loins of a MalePerson to hold in intestinal material that might otherwise pass through an ''InguinalHernia''. This is a palliative treatment that does not cure the underlying condition. A cure would be a 'hernia operation' that closes the Hernia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truss' in WordNet: 1. truss - ((medicine) a bandage consisting of a pad and belt; worn to hold a hernia in place by pressure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bandage, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InguinalHernia ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InguinalHernia ; owl:onProperty :supportsPartly ] . :Trust :en "relying", "relying on", "relying on an agent", "trusting", "trusting an agent", "trusting someone" ; :ldoce "confidence", "faith" ; :wnsense "confidence2n", "faith2n", "reliance1n", "rely1v", "trust1v", "trust2n", "trust3v", "trust5n" ; :wordnet "confidence", "faith", "reliance", "rely", "trust" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Trust'' is a Feeling of confidence in the ability of another 'IntentionalAgent' to perform a certain task, or to generally perform well, even for unexpected tasks, or to keep his/her word; this is a Feeling of near-certainty that the other agent will perform as expected. NOTE that a person can have confidence in an animal (his horse, her dog). NOTE that this is also a subtype of ''Believing'', another MentalState. NOTE: as a ''DirectedFeeling'' this can take a direct object, which would be some ''Person''. NOTE that in COSMO, 'self-confidence' is 'Confidence' This sense includes parts of several WordNet synset senses, but is a specific type without any Wordnet type as a subtype. This includes the verb senses 1 and 3 of 'trust' in WordNet - NOTE that a Feeling is actually a type of Action in COSMO, so having a Feeling of trust is the same as performing the Action of trusting; the verb and noun are conflated here: in WordNet: WN 'trust' 'faith 2' reliance 1' 2. (3) reliance, trust - (certainty based on past experience; 'he wrote the paper with considerable reliance on the work of other scientists'; 'he put more trust in his own two legs than in the gun') 5. (1) faith, trust - (complete confidence in a person or plan etc; 'he cherished the faith of a good woman'; 'the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust') WN 'confidence' 2. (6) confidence - (a feeling of trust (in someone or something); 'I have confidence in our team'; 'confidence is always borrowed, never owned') WN verb 'trust': 1. (16) trust, swear, rely, bank - (have confidence or faith in; 'We can trust in God'; 'Rely on your friends'; 'bank on your good education'; 'I swear by my grandmother's recipes') 3. (4) believe, trust - (be confident about something; 'I believe that he will come back from the war') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Believing, :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrustingAgent ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :TrustAccount :guid "bd5ef6b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "trust1n" ; :wordnet "trust" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """n CYC called 'Trust-LegalEntity': The collection of all #$Organizations that exist in the form of a trust. Although most trusts, in the legal sense, are collections of property or assets, some trusts do exist, apart from the assets they own or manage, as a group of #$IntelligentAgents acting together for a common purpose (e.g., a trust agreement that names two trustees to manage a group of assets). Some instances of #$Trust-LegalEntity are also instances of #$SpeciallyCharteredInstitution (e.g. Real Estate Investment Trusts). NOTE: this type is not an Organization - this is mostly for a personal Trust managed by a Person or Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trust' in WordNet: 1. (4) trust - (something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary); 'he is the beneficiary of a generous trust set up by his father') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Account, :Property, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isControlledBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Trustee ] . :Trusted :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Trust ; :wnsense "sure6adj", "trusted1adj" ; :wordnet "sure", "trusted" ; a :MysticalType, :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Trusted'' is the attribute of a Person who was the Object of the ''DirectedFeeling'' ''Tust''. This use of ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' is not common, as''Trust'' is not a transitive verb, but it also conceptually has an object, of the thing trusted. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'trusted' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sure, trusted - ((of persons) worthy of trust or confidence; 'a sure (or trusted) friend') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Trustee :guid "bdd455a9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "legal guardian1n", "trustee1n" ; :wordnet "legal guardian", "trustee" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$IntelligentAgents, either #$Persons or #$Organizations, which hold or manage and invest assets for the benefit of another as a result of a #$TrustAgreement. Although the #$Trustee is one of the #$agreeingAgents in the #$TrustAgreement, it does not necessarily get paid for services arising from the #$Obligation engendered by the #$Agreement. Often a #$BankOrganization serves as #$Trustee. RHW: 2. a person who holds the title to property for the benefit of another. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'trustee' in WordNet: 1. (6) trustee, legal guardian - (a person (or institution) to whom legal title to property is entrusted to use for another's benefit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fiduciary, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom :TrustAccount ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GuardingProperty ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :TrustingAgent a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TrustingAgent'' is an IntelligentAgent that has a Feeling of ''Trust'' toward another ''IntelligentAgent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GovernmentEmployee, :IntelligentAgent, :SocialBeing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trust ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Trustworthy :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :guid "bd58b385-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Trust ; :isTheOppositeOf :Untrustworthy ; :wnsense "trustworthy1adj" ; :wordnet "trustworthy" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of a Person who is not only ''Reliable'' but sufficiently so that one can trust them to do important things, such as keeping secrets, telling the truth, and protecting one's property. CYC: The collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that are trustworthy, reliable. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'trustworthy' (restricted to people) in WordNet: 1. (1) trustworthy, trusty - (worthy of trust or belief; 'a trustworthy report'; 'an experienced and trustworthy traveling companion') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reliable, :Responsible . :Truth :ldoce "truth" ; :wnsense "trueness1n", "truth1n", "verity1n" ; :wordnet "trueness", "truth", "verity" ; a :GroupType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Truth'' is a set of ''TrueStatement''s that are internally consistent, but appl only to some ''PossibleWorld''. This is in essence a 'theory' that describes some possible world. By default the world described is our ''RealWorld'', but subtypes of this term can be used to describe 'truth' in any other ''PossibleWorld'', including fictional or hypothetical or mythical ones. To be 'true' in that world (see ''isTrueIn'') an Assertion has to be logically consistent with the ''Truth'' of that world, i.e. all of the ''TrueStatement''s that describe that ''PossibleWorld''. No WN sense corresponds exactly to this concept; Most closely orresponds to noun sense 1 of 'truth ' in WordNet: 2. (7) truth, the true, verity, trueness - (conformity to reality or actuality; 'they debated the truth of the proposition'; 'the situation brought home to us the blunt truth of the military threat'; 'he was famous for the truth of his portraits'; 'he turned to religion in his search for eternal verities') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :PropositionGroup, :TrueStatement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TrueInaContext ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TrueStatement ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :describes ; owl:someValuesFrom :PossibleWorld ] . :TruthAttribute a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A TruthAttribute is an expression equivalent to the answer 'yes' or 'no' to some question, or to the values 'true' or 'false' to some assertion. For 'yes' or 'no' answers to questions, the question will be represented by the AttributeType. The value is qualitative.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :TruthValue ] . :TruthCodes :hasCodeString :TORF_F, :TORF_False, :TORF_N, :TORF_NO, :TORF_No, :TORF_T, :TORF_True, :TORF_Y, :TORF_YES, :TORF_Yes, :TORF_f, :TORF_false, :TORF_n, :TORF_no, :TORF_true, :TORF_y, :TORF_yes ; :hasUniquePrefix :TORF_ ; a :CodeList . :TruthValue :guid "bd58e3ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "truth" ; :wnsense "accuracy1n", "truth4n" ; :wordnet "accuracy", "truth" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO 'TruthValue' is considered an Attribute of either an Abstract Proposition or a linguistic Assertion. See also the subtype 'YesOrNo'. This is a broad sense of 'truth value' and includes probabilistic estimates of truth, which are subtypes that are values of 'CredibilityAttribute'. For simple 'true of false' see the subtype 'TrueOrFalse', with its instances 'True' and 'False'.. NOTE; ''Probability'' is a quantitative attribute type, but probability values are also used as truth values. To allow this, instances of ''Probability'' will also be assigned as instances of ''TruthValue''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'truth' in WordNet; this type includes truth values far from the true value: in WordNet: 4. (3) accuracy, truth - (the quality of being near to the true value; 'he was beginning to doubt the accuracy of his compass'; 'the lawyer questioned the truth of my account') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Truthful :isTheOppositeOf :Deceitful ; :wnsense "truthful1adj" ; :wordnet "truthful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Truthful' is an attribute of people who are disposed to tell the truth, and not lie. For the quality of an assertion being 'true' use ''TrueInaContext'' or some subtype. For an assertion that is true, use ''Truth''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'truthful' in WordNet: 1. (1) truthful, true - - (expressing or given to expressing the truth; 'a true statement'; 'gave truthful testimony'; 'a truthful person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TryingHard :en "make a vigorous attempt", "try hard", "try very hard" ; :eng "taking pains", "trying hard" ; :wnsense "be at pains1v", "take pains1v" ; :wordnet "be at pains", "take pains" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TryingHard'' is to exert more than the typical effort to acomplish something. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'take pains' in WordNet: 1. (3) take pains, be at pains - (try very hard to do something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Attempt . :TryingOnaGarment :wnsense "fitting4n", "try on1v", "try-on1n", "try9v", "trying on1n" ; :wordnet "fitting", "try", "try on", "try-on", "trying on" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TryingOnaGarment'' is an Action in which a person puts on a Garment to determine if it fits properly and looks sufficiently becoming. As the sign in the Japanese department store put it: 'ladies may go upstairs to have a fit' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'try on' in WordNet: 1. (1) try on, try - (put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice; 'Try on this sweater to see how it looks') WN noun 'trying on' 1. fitting, try-on, trying on - (putting clothes on to see whether they fit) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TestingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectHandled ; owl:someValuesFrom :Garment ] . :Tryst :wnsense "assignation1n", "tryst2n" ; :wordnet "assignation", "tryst" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Tryst'' is for a meeting between two ''TwoLovers'', one of who may be married, but who are not married to each other, who keep the meeting secret for any purpose, usually so that the married partner of one of the lovers does not know of it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tryst' in WordNet: 2. assignation, tryst - (a secret rendezvous (especially between lovers)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rendezvous, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Secret ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoLovers ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanSexualIntercourse ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :Tsking a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Action by a Person which produces the 'tsk' sound. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :tsk ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ] . :Tsunami :guid "bd5e63fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tsunami1n" ; :wordnet "tsunami" ; a :WaveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A wave or set of waves in a body of water caused by seismic activity. NOTE1: WN gloss says that a tsunami can be caused by a volcanic eruption, which is true, but the wave is caused by an Earthquake accompanying the eruption, so the logic only indicates an Earthquake as cause. NOTE2: a large earthquake-caused ocean wave is only called a ''Tsunami'' if it reaches shore and causes significant damage or destruction to shoreline objects (and often but not necessarily people). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tsunami' in WordNet: 1. (22) tsunami - (a cataclysm resulting from a destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption; 'a colossal tsunami destroyed the Minoan civilization in minutes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OceanWave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Huge ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earthquake ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :TsunamiImpact :wnsense "tsunami1n" ; :wordnet "tsunami" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TsunamiImpact'' is a ''StrikingAnObjectEvent'' in which a ''Tsunami'' wave comes ashore and causes some damage. This is what is often called a 'tsunami and is the apparent intended meaning of the WN tsunami' entry. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tsunami' in WordNet: 1. (22) tsunami - (a cataclysm resulting from a destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption; 'a colossal tsunami destroyed the Minoan civilization in minutes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ApplyingAForce, :StrikingAnObjectEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tsunami ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dangerous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Destructive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disaster ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoreline ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoreline ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectStruck ] . :Tub :guid "c0fd6687-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tub1n", "tub2n" ; :wordnet "tub" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all tubs - containers whose height and width are roughly equal, which have no top, and which frequently have a lipped edge. ''Bathtub'' is a subtype. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'tub' in Wordnet: 1. (7) bathtub, bathing tub, bath, tub - (a relatively large open container that you fill with water and use to wash the body) 2. (1) tub, vat - (a large open vessel for holding or storing liquids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Basin, :LiquidContainer . :Tuba :wnsense "bass horn1n", "sousaphone1n", "tuba1n" ; :wordnet "bass horn", "sousaphone", "tuba" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuba' in WordNet: 1. bass horn, sousaphone, tuba - (the lowest brass wind instrument) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrassInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LowPitch ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :Tube :ldoce "tube" ; :wnsense "tube1n" ; :wordnet "tube" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A long (longer than wide), narrow, and hollow Artifact that is designed for moving Fluids from place to another. It can be straight or curved. It is not a 'cylinder' because in COSMO a Cylinder must be straight; it is TubeShaped. NOTE: This is generic and includes large pipes and even 'squeeze tubes'. For small-diameter ''Tube''s use subtype ''Tubing''. COSMO: a solid Cylinder-shaped object, hollow in the center throughout its length, which can be straight or curved, rigid or flexible. A straight pipe and a rolled-up garden hose are instances, but TubeShaped layers that contain solid material inside are also instances, and this distinguishes a 'Tube' from its subtype 'Pipe', which cannot have a solid fixed inside. NOTE: although a Tube is designed for things to pass through, and is therefore not a storage container, it can 'contain' things while they are passing through, or temporarily stopped. A ''Tube'' and a ''TubeGeometrical'' have similar shapes, but things that has the shape of a .''TubeGeometrical'' will generally be more circular in cross-section than a generic ''TubularObject'' which could be a \"Tunnel. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tube' in WordNet: 1. (27) tube, tubing - (conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact, :RoundObject, :SolidObject, :TubularObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TubeShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TubeGeometrical ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ] . :TubeGeometrical :guid "c10060cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """TubeGeometrical is an abstract Geometrical thing with a tube shape. For the physical 'Tube' see 'Tube'. Notice that a Tube, unlike a Cylinder, does not have to be straight; it can be a bent cylinder. Cyc: A specialization of #$Cylinder (q.v.). Each instance of #$Tube is a hollow cylinder whose height is much greater than the radius of its base. Examples include spatially-localized objects, such as pipes and hoses, as well as certain abstract cylinders..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoundObject, :ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TubeShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circle ; owl:onProperty :hasCrossSectionalShape ] . :TubeShaped :wnsense "cannular1adj", "tube-shaped1adj", "tubelike1adj", "tubular1adj", "vasiform1adj" ; :wordnet "cannular", "tube-shaped", "tubelike", "tubular", "vasiform" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of a three-dimensional object that has a circular cross-section, is hollow in the center, and extends in the third dimension by a length at least three times that of the diameter of the circle. Something can be TubeShaped even if it is curved, like a rolled-up garden hose; therefore it may be but is not necessarily Cylindrical. This could also be the property of a tube-shaped layer with the center filled with some other material, such as the insulation on an electrical wire. See also ''Cochlea'' for example of use. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'tubular' in WordNet: 1. (1) tubular, cannular, tubelike, tube-shaped, vasiform - (constituting a tube; having hollow tubes (as for the passage of fluids)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hollow, :ShapeAttribute . :Tuber :wnsense "tuber1n" ; :wordnet "tuber" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subterranean parts of a plant that is not a ''Root'' but bulbous and used by the plant for energy storage. RHW: Bot. a fleshy, usually oblong or rounded thickening or outgrowth, as the potato, of a subterranean stem or shoot, bearing minute scalelike leaves with buds or eyes in their axils from which new plants may arise. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuber' in WordNet: 1. tuber - (a fleshy underground stem or root serving for reproductive and food storage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :PlantPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheTuberOfa ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Plant :PlantType ) ] ] . :Tuberculosis :guid "c0fd4e6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "T.B.1n", "TB2n", "tuberculosis1n" ; :wordnet "T.B.", "TB", "tuberculosis" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of infections. Instances of #$Tuberculosis are infectious diseases caused by species of Mycobacterium. Those are diseases of man and animals. Any organ may be affected, in man it is primarily the lungs that are also the usual portal for the infection to reach other organs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuberculosis' in WordNet: 1. (4) tuberculosis, TB, T.B. - (infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection, :ChronicCondition, :LifeThreateningCondition . :Tubing :wnsense "tube1n", "tubing1n" ; :wordnet "tube", "tubing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tubing'' is a flexible ''Hose'' designed to carry relatively small quantities of a liquid or gas over short distances,shorter than for a garden hose or fire hose. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'tubing' in WordNet: 1. (4) tube, tubing - (conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hose, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :TubularObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any object (artifact or natural) that is ''TubeShaped'', long and thin, and hollow with an approximate circular corss-section, but unlike a Cylinder, can be curved. The cross-section can deviate from a circle, though the length needs to be much larger than the interior diameter. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HollowObject, :RoundObject, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TubeShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :TuckingSomethingIntoSomething :wnsense "tuck1v" ; :wordnet "tuck" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Tucking' s to insert something into a location where the thing insered fits 'snugly'', i.e. it is in contact with the object into which it is inserted on at least two sides. This includes tucking a shirt into a waistband and tucking a child into bed, and tucking an object into a pocket. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuck' in WordNet: 1. (8) tuck, insert - (fit snugly into; 'insert your ticket into the slot'; 'tuck your shirttail in') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Tuesday :wnsense "Tuesday1n" ; :wordnet "Tuesday" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Tuesdays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tuesday' in Wordnet: 1. (12) Tuesday, Tues - (the third day of the week; the second working day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weekday . :Tugboat :guid "c1009b1e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "towboat1n", "tower3n", "tug2n", "tugboat1n" ; :wordnet "towboat", "tower", "tug", "tugboat" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tugboat' in WordNet: 1. tugboat, tug, towboat, tower - (a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motorboat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PullingOrPushingaShip ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Powerful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TukTuk :en "auto rickshaw", "tuk-tuk", "tuktuk" ; :enn "auto rickshaw", "tuk-tuk", "tuktuk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TukTuk'' is a small three-wheeled Automobile used to transport people on short trips in exchange for a fare, in the same manner as a ''Taxicab'' but smaller and not having the long-haul capability of a Taxicab. Also called an ''Auto rickshaw'' for its similarity to a 'rickshaw' in size and shape. . Wikipedia: An auto rickshaw is a motorized version of the pulled rickshaw or cycle rickshaw. Most have three wheels and do not tilt. They are known by many terms in various countries including auto, baby taxi, bajaj, chand gari, lapa, tuk-tuk, 3wheel or tukxi. The auto rickshaw is a common form of urban transport, both as a vehicle for hire and for private use, in many countries around the world, especially those with tropical or subtropical climates, including many developing countries. As of 2019, Bajaj Auto of Pune, India is the world's largest auto rickshaw manufacturer, selling 780,000 during the fiscal year. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automobile, :Role . :Tularemia :guid "c03ffdef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "deer fly fever1n", "rabbit fever1n", "tularaemia1n", "tularemia1n", "yatobyo1n" ; :wordnet "deer fly fever", "rabbit fever", "tularaemia", "tularemia", "yatobyo" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bacterial disease associated with both animals and man. The rabbit is most often involved in disease outbreaks. If caused by insect bites, early symptoms include ulceration at the bite location with swelling of the regional lymph node. If caused by ingestion of the bacterium, produces throat and abdominal pain with diarrhea and vomiting. If caused by inhalation of the bacterium, produces pneumonia. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tularemia' in WordNet: 1. (2) tularemia, tularaemia, rabbit fever, deer fly fever, yatobyo - (a highly infectious disease of rodents (especially rabbits and squirrels) and sometimes transmitted to humans by ticks or flies or by handling infected animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BacterialInfection, :Zoonosis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :mayBePerformedByAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rodent ; owl:onProperty :isUndesirableTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rodent ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Tulip :en "tulip" ; a :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tulip'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''TulipPlant''. No sense of 'tulip' in Wordnet for the flower alone. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CutFlower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TulipPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFlowerOfa ] . :TulipPlant :wnsense "tulip1n" ; :wordnet "tulip" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TulipPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'tulip', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Tulip'' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tulip' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tulip - (any of numerous perennial bulbous herbs having linear or broadly lanceolate leaves and usually a single showy flower) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BulbousPlant, :FloweringPlant . :TumbleDrying :en "drying clothes", "drying clothing", "tumble drying" ; :wnsense "tumble dry1v" ; :wordnet "tumble dry" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TumbleDrying'' is a ''DryingClothes'' Action that uses a ''ClothesDryer'' rather than a ''Clothesline'' or other method for drying clothes by placing them in a position where they will be exposed to dry air. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tumble dry' in WordNet: 1. tumble dry - (dry by spinning with hot air inside a cylinder; 'These fabrics are delicate and cannot be tumbled dry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DryingClothes, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothing ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ClothesDryer ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Tumbling :en "tumbling" ; :wnsense "tumble11v", "tumble1n" ; :wordnet "tumble" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''AcrobaticManeuver'' performed on the ground in which the . body leaps *and* performs some turn in the air before returning to the ground. Corresponds to verb sense 11 of 'tumble' in WordNet: 11. tumble - (do gymnastics, roll and turn skillfully) WN noun 'tumble': 1. (1) tumble - (an acrobatic feat of rolling or turning end over end) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcrobaticManeuver, :Jumping . :Tumor :guid "c0fd58aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "neoplasm1n", "tumor1n", "tumour1n" ; :wordnet "neoplasm", "tumor", "tumour" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$OrganismPart. Each instance of #$Tumor is an abnormal tissue mass found in an animal. Instances of #$Tumor include both malignant (cancerous -- see the collection #$Cancer) and benign (non-cancerous) growths which have no normal physiological cause or function. SUMO: Any AbnormalAnatomicalStructure which consists of a mass of Tissue. Note that this class covers both malignant (i.e. cancerous) and benign tumors. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tumor' in Wordnet: 1. (18) tumor, tumour, neoplasm - (an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbnormalAnatomicalStructure, :InternalAnatomicalPart, :UndesirableThing . :Tuna :wnsense "tuna fish1n", "tuna2n" ; :wordnet "tuna", "tuna fish" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Tuna' is the flesh of the TunaFish, eaten as Food. 'tuna salad sandwich' baked tuna'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tuna' and sense 1 of 'tuna fish' in WordNet; it is not obvious from the WordNet gloss, but the hypernym makes it clear that this WordNet synset is the **food** consisting of tuna flesh: in WordNet: 2. tuna, tuna fish, tunny - (important warm-water fatty fish of the genus Thunnus of the family Scombridae; usually served as steaks) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fish-TheFood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TunaFish ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :TunaFish :guid "c0fd5cf0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tuna fish1n", "tuna2n", "tuna3n" ; :wordnet "tuna", "tuna fish" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Fish of the genus 'Thunnus', and certain related fish of the family 'Scombridae'. The flesh of the TunaFish is represented in COSMO as 'Tuna'. Wikipedia: Tuna are fish from the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. RHW sense 1: 1. any of several large food and game fishes of the family Scombridae, inhabiting temperate and tropical seas. Cf. albacore, bluefin tuna, yellowfin tuna. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'tuna' in WordNet: 3. tuna, tunny - (any very large marine food and game fish of the genus Thunnus; related to mackerel; chiefly of warm waters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BonyFish, :MarineOrganism . :Tundra :guid "bee38400-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tundra1n" ; :wordnet "tundra" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$GroundHasPermaFrost. Each instances is characterized by permanently frozen treeless land supporting a growth of mosses, lichens, grasses, rushes, and very few other forms of plant life. Source: The Times Atlas of the World (1995). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tundra' in WordNet: 1. tundra - (a vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalPlace, :GeographicalZone, :Tract, :Wilderness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :hadMissingThing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Treeless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cold ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Tungsten :guid "bd58eb11-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "74"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "W1n", "tungsten1n", "wolfram1n" ; :wordnet "W", "tungsten", "wolfram" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of #$Tungsten. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tungsten' in WordNet: 1. (2) tungsten, wolfram, W, atomic number 74 - (a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :TuningUp :wnsense "tune up1v", "tune1v" ; :wordnet "tune", "tune up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TuningUp'' is an ''Adjusting'' that improves performance of a Device. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tune up' in WordNet: 1. tune, tune up - (adjust for (better) functioning; 'tune the engine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Correcting, :HumanActivity, :Modification, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evaluating ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Device ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Improvement ; owl:onProperty :causedChange ] . :Tunisia :hasISO3166_Digraph "TN" ; :wnsense "Tunisia1n" ; :wordnet "Tunisia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Tunisia' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Tunisia, Republic of Tunisia - (a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956; 'southern Tunisia is mostly desert') """ . :Tunnel :wnsense "tunnel1n" ; :wordnet "tunnel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Tunnel' is an underground PathArtifact that has space enough to allow people or vehicles to pass from one space (larger than the tunnel)to another. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'tunnel' in WordNet 1. (1) tunnel - (a passageway through or under something, usually underground (especially one for trains or cars); 'the tunnel reduced congestion at that intersection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PathArtifact, :TubularObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TranslationAlongASurface ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :UndergroundLocation ] . :Tuple :guid "bd58f8d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$MathematicalObject and #$StructuredInformationSource. Each instance of #$Tuple is a complex consisting of one or more indexed (and possibly ordered) components; it might be a single, a pair, a triple, or so on; and the components might be things of any sort whatsoever (see #$memberOfTuple). For example, a specialization of #$Tuple is #$NTupleOfIntervals (q.v.), whose instances are tuples consisting exclusively of #$ScalarIntervals (q.v.); e.g. complex numbers and physical vectors are n-tuple-intervals. Another specialization of #$Tuple is #$List (q.v.), whose instances are ordered. Each tuple has an associated index set : the set of things that serve (via an associated indexing function ) to index or individually represent the tuple's members (see #$tupleIndexSet and #$tupleMemberIndex). If the index set for a given tuple is the set of positive integers (or an initial segment thereof), then the integers' usual ordering serves to order the tuple's components, and the tuple is in fact an _ordered_n-tuple_, i.e. it is a #$List. But in general any set (e.g. the column names in a relational database) may be used to index the components of a tuple.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalObject, :StructuredInformationSource . :Turban :wnsense "turban1n" ; :wordnet "turban" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Turban'' is a head covering worn by some Muslims, usually men. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turban' in WordNet: 1. (2) turban - (a traditional Muslim headdress consisting of a long scarf wrapped around the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garment, :HeadWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MuslimPerson ; owl:onProperty :isMostlyWornBy ] . :Turbid :guid "a2b4ebd8-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :LiquidSuspension ; :wnsense "cloudy2adj", "mirky1adj", "muddy4adj", "murky1adj", "turbid1adj" ; :wordnet "cloudy", "mirky", "muddy", "murky", "turbid" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Turbid'' is the ColorAttribute of liquids that have less ability to allow Light through due to suspended solids, though they are not quite ''Opaque''. CYC 'Murky': Substances which are Murky can just barely be seen through. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'turbid' in Wordnet: 1. cloudy, muddy, mirky, murky, turbid - ((of especially liquids) clouded as with sediment; 'a cloudy liquid'; 'muddy coffee'; 'murky waters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :Turbine :guid "fc32e592-df75-11d6-9e16-0002b3a331b1" ; :wnsense "turbine1n" ; :wordnet "turbine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: This is the generic turbine, which could take fluid flow and convert it to either mechanical or electrical forms of energy. That is the Cyc interpretation. But the turbine that produces electricity first converts the flow to rotation, so the SUMO interpretation that it must be an 'Engine' (putting out mechanical power) is also correct. Cyc: The collection of all #$Turbines. Instance of its spec, #$TurbineEngine, expend #$EnergyStuff to generate #$Translation-Flow while instance of other specs, e.g. #$HydroPoweredTurbine use #$Translation-Flow to generate #$Electricity. SUMO: An Engine which converts the kinetic energy of a moving Liquid (typically Water) into mechanical energy. The restriction on vanes should specify a set of vanes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turbine' in Wordnet: 1. (3) turbine - (rotary engine in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is converted into mechanical energy by causing a bladed rotor to rotate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Engine, :MechanicalDevice, :PoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TurbineVane ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :TurbineVane a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TurbineVane'' is a ''GenericVane'' made of some metal, attached to the ''Shaft'' of a ''Turbine''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericVane, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Turbine ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shaft ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :Turf :hasComponentSubstance :Grass, :Soil ; :wnsense "greensward1n", "sod1n", "sward1n", "turf1n" ; :wordnet "greensward", "sod", "sward", "turf" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of soil that is at the top layer in contact with the atmosphere, and having grass on it, exteding down to the roots of the grass - often about 4 inches deep.. This is a Substance,and can be applied to ''Sod'' in place in the ground, or shaved off and rolled up for sale and reuse to establish new lawns. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turf' in WordNet: 1. (1) turf, sod, sward, greensward - (surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandStuff, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grass ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grassy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] ; owl:disjointWith :Gas, :LiquidSubstance . :Turkey :hasISO3166_Digraph "TR" ; :wnsense "Turkey2n" ; :wordnet "Turkey" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Turkey' in Wordnet: 2. (1) Turkey, Republic of Turkey - (a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923) """ . :TurkeyBird :wnsense "Meleagris gallopavo1n", "turkey1n" ; :wordnet "Meleagris gallopavo", "turkey" ; a :AgentType, :BeastType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A member of the species 'Meleagris gallopavo', including wild and domesticated variants. NOTE: the entry ''Turkey'' is used for the country. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turkey' in Wordnet: 1. (2) turkey, Meleagris gallopavo - (large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GallinaceousBird . :Turkish :wasCreatedBy :TurkishSpeakers ; :wnsense "Turkish1n" ; :wordnet "Turkish" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Turkish' in WordNet: 1. Turkish - (a Turkic language spoken by the Turks) """ . :TurkishSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Turkmenistan a :Country . :TurksAndCaicosIslands a :Country . :Turmoil :wnsense "convulsion3n", "turmoil1n", "upheaval2n" ; :wordnet "convulsion", "turmoil", "upheaval" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turmoil' in WordNet: 1. (5) convulsion, turmoil, upheaval - (a violent disturbance; 'the convulsions of the stock market') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisorderlyActivity . :Turn :wnsense "bout1n", "round7n", "turn1n" ; :wordnet "bout", "round", "turn" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: this WN sense of 'round' is also used in a different sense for ''TournamentRound'' when teams play each other one-on-one and the winner of each such contest advances to the next 'round'. The proper interpretation is not clear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turn' in WordNet: 1. (1) turn, bout, round - ((sports) a period of play during which one team is on the offensive) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameEventTimeDivision . :Turnabout :wnsense "reversal6n", "reverse6n", "reversion4n", "turnabout2n", "turnaround5n" ; :wordnet "reversal", "reverse", "reversion", "turnabout", "turnaround" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Turnabout'' is a ''ChangingDirection''. This can a turning in the opposite direction for something standing still. For a complete reversal of a direction of motion, use 'U-turn'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'turnabout' in WordNet: 2. reversion, reverse, reversal, turnabout, turnaround - (turning in the opposite direction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Path-Spatial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirectionMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :MovingThing ] . :TurnedOff :ldoce "off" ; :wnsense "off1adj" ; :wordnet "off" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of powered devices that means that they cannot perform their function because the power source has been turned off - equivalent to the adjective 'off' in the sense. of not being 'on' Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'off' in WordNet: 1. (3) off - (not in operation or operational; 'the oven is off'; 'the lights are off') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnableToFunction . :TurnedOn :ldoce "on" ; :wnsense "on1adj" ; :wordnet "on" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of powered devices that means that they are not only Functional (in working order) but are also turned on and ready to go - equivalent to the adjective 'on' in the sense. of not being turned 'off. If they are actually running and performing their design function, use ''Operating'' Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'on' in WordNet: 1. (6) on - (in operation or operational; 'left the oven on'; 'the switch is in the on position') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Functional . :TurningOnaHinge :en "swinging on a hinge", "turning on a hinge", "turning something on a hinge" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object ''TurningOnaHinge'' is sufficiently distinctive and common Action that it warrants an entry even though there is no one word that unambiguously labels it. Doors do this, often many times a day. NOTE: 'OpeningaDoor'' does not always involve ''TurningOnaHinge''; opening an overhead garage door is a different kind of process. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hinge ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :TurningSomethingInsideOut :en "inverting", "turn inside-out" ; :eng "turning inside-out" ; :wnsense "invert2v" ; :wordnet "invert" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TurningSomethingInsideOut' is a transitive Action in which an Agent causes a PhysicalObject that is a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' to turn '''Inside-Out'' so that the side that is normally facing outwards now faces inwards, and vice-versa. NOTE: the synset includes ''Upside-Down'' inversions,but that is represented by ''InvertingSomething''. This is more specific than sense 2 of 'invert', corresponding only to the ''Inside-Out'' inversion. in WordNet: 2. turn back, invert, reverse - (turn inside out or upside down) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfSomeStuff ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ] . :Turnip :wnsense "turnip2n" ; :wordnet "turnip" ; a :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Root'' of a ''TurnipPlant'', from which the ''TurnipStuff'' is derived. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'turnip' in WordNet: 2. turnip - (root of any of several members of the mustard family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, :Root, :VegetableFoodObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TurnipPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ] . :TurnipPlant :en "turnip plant" ; :wnsense "turnipa1n" ; :wordnet "turnip" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turnip' in WordNet: 1. turnip, white turnip, Brassica rapa - (widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerbPlant . :TurnipStuff :en "turnip as food", "turnips" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Food'' prepared from the root of a ''TurnipPlant''... RHW: the thick, fleshy, edible root of either of two plants of the mustard family, the white-fleshed Brassica rapa rapifera or the yellow-fleshed rutabaga. 2. the plant itself. 3. the root of this plant used as a vegetable """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VegetableMatter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Turnip ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Turnout :wnsense "turnout1n" ; :wordnet "turnout" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Turnout'' is an ''AssemblageOfPeople'' that have gathered together for a scheduled ''SocialGathering'', such as a meeting, a sports game, or a political rally. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turnout' in WordNet: 1. turnout - (the group that gathers together for a particular occasion; 'a large turnout for the meeting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AssemblageOfPeople . :Turnover :wnsense "turnover2n" ; :wordnet "turnover" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN has 'pierogis' as a turnover. This type consideers ''Turnover''s as ''FingerFood'', but that may apply only to the drier type with a baked crust. Perhaps this needs a subtype?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'turnover' in WordNet: 2. turnover - (a dish made by folding a piece of pastry over a filling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DishOfFood, :FingerFood, :Food-ReadyToEat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pastry ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Folded ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Turquoise :en "turquoise", "turquoise gem" ; :enn "turquoise" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A gem consisting of ''TurquoiseStuff'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gemstone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TurquoiseStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :TurquoiseColor :wnsense "aqua1n", "aquamarine2n", "greenish blue1n", "peacock blue1n", "turquoise2n" ; :wordnet "aqua", "aquamarine", "greenish blue", "peacock blue", "turquoise" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'turquoise' in WordNet: 2. greenish blue, aqua, aquamarine, turquoise, cobalt blue, peacock blue - (a shade of blue tinged with green) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bluish . :TurquoiseStuff :wnsense "turquoise1n" ; :wordnet "turquoise" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turquoise' in WordNet: 1. (1) turquoise - (a blue to grey green mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate; 'blue turquoise is valued as a gemstone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GemStuff, :Mineral, :SolidSubstance . :Turtle :guid "bd58f8c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "turtle1n" ; :wordnet "turtle" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all turtles; a subset of #$Reptile. Elements of #$Turtle are toothless reptiles with hard or else leathery enclosing shells. Turtles may live on land or in fresh or salt water. #$Turtle constitutes an instance of #$BiologicalOrder (also called Testudinata), which is of the #$BiologicalClass #$Reptile. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'turtle' in WordNet: 1. turtle - (any of various aquatic and land reptiles having a bony shell and flipper-like limbs for swimming) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quadruped, :Reptile, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoShells ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :TurtleBeak :isAnOrganicPartOf :Turtle ; :ldoce "beak" ; :wnsense "beak1n" ; :wordnet "beak" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Beak'. Cyc: The collection of all beaks belonging to #$Turtles and similar animals. An individual #$Beak is a hard structure, located above the #$Mouth, which contains the #$Nostrils. For the similar structure of a #$Bird see #$Bill-Birds. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'beak' in WordNet: 1. (1) beak - (beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beak, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Turtle ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Turtle ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Tusk :guid "bd58df05-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tusk2n" ; :wordnet "tusk" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Hard protrusions from the sides of the mouths of Elephants and Walruses, made of Ivory Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tusk' in WordNet: 2. tusk - (a long pointed tooth specialized for fighting or digging; especially in an elephant or walrus or hog) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LongAndThinObject, :Tooth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curved ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ivory ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Tutor :wnsense "coach2n", "private instructor1n", "tutor1n" ; :wordnet "coach", "private instructor", "tutor" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tutor'' is an ''Instructor'' who instructs one student at a time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tutor' in WordNet: 1. (1) coach, private instructor, tutor - (a person who gives private instruction (as in singing or acting)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Instructor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tutoring ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Tutorial :guid "be7c3005-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "tutorial1n" ; :wordnet "tutorial" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A type of #$Instructions. Tutorials (say, about ?X) are generally aimed at people who have never used ?X before, and provide an introduction about the basic kinds of things ?X can do. They do not usually provide information about more complicated abilities or features of ?X. Although the word tutorial is especially often used for tutorials of computer programs, one can imagine a tutorials for using a car, fixing a roof, etc. A ''Tutorial'' will often have more than one lesson (a ''TutorialSession''), which may be presented on-line. NOTE: one-on-one ''Tutoring'' is a separate type. This type is somewhat narrower than noun sense 1 of 'tutorial' in WordNet: 1. (1) tutorial - (a session of intensive tuition given by a tutor to an individual or to a small number of students) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :Explaining, :VerbalInstructions, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TutorialSession ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TutorialSession :en "tutorial lesson", "tutorial session" ; :guid "be5bd741-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TutorialSession'' is one continuous interval of time during which an instructor conducts a ''Tutorial'' for one or more pupils - for on-line tutorials, the number of pupils can be very large. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lesson . :Tutoring :en "tutoring" ; :eng "tutoring" ; :enn "tutoring" ; :wnsense "tuition2n", "tutelage1n", "tutor1v", "tutorship1n" ; :wordnet "tuition", "tutelage", "tutor", "tutorship" ; a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Tutoring'' is an Action in which students are taught one-on-one by a 'tutor'. This is for Instruction outside an educational institution, usually one-on-one teacher and student, but possibly including more than one student. This is for the entire Group of ''Tutoring'' lessons with the same Tutor and pupil(s). For one of those sessions use: ''TutoringLesson''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tutelage' in WordNet: 1. tutelage, tuition, tutorship - (teaching pupils individually (usually by a tutor hired privately)) WN verb 'tutor': 1. (1) tutor - (be a tutor to someone; give individual instruction; 'She tutored me in Spanish') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, :Instructing, :ServiceEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TutoringLesson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tutor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :TutoringLesson :CYC "TutorialLesson" ; :en "tutoring lesson" ; :guid "be5bd741-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lesson1n" ; :wordnet "lesson" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'TutorialLesson': The collection of all #$Lessons in which one #$Teacher instructs one #$Student. This is a part (a 'component element) of a ''Tutoring' activity. in WordNet: 1. (6) lesson - (a unit of instruction; 'he took driving lessons') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lesson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tutor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tutoring ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Tutu :guid "be01e319-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ballet skirt1n", "tutu2n" ; :wordnet "ballet skirt", "tutu" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of short skirts worn by ballerinas. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'tutu' in WordNet: 2. ballet skirt, tutu - (very short skirt worn by ballerinas) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skirt, :WomensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ballerina ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ballet ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Tuvalu a :Country . :Tuxedo :guid "bd58ff8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "black tie1n", "dinner jacket1n", "tux1n", "tuxedo1n" ; :wordnet "black tie", "dinner jacket", "tux", "tuxedo" ; a :ClothingType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tuxedo'' is a ''Suit'' (this is just the combination of jacket and pants) that has fine texture and shape to make it look neat. Often expensive, but the price varies a lot. May or may not have long tails. There is a distinction between 'semiformal' and 'formal' wear that is not used in common speech. A ''Tuxedo'' may be considered 'semiformal' or 'black tie' whereas fully 'formal' requires tails and 'white tie'. That distinction is not yet represented here. CYC: The collection of all tuxedos, a kind of attire for very formal or very frivolous occasions. NOTE: For the full outfit with Tuxedo (jacket and pants) and accessories use ''TuxedoOutfit''. NOTE: the term 'dinner jacket' is not used in COSO as a synonym of 'tuxedo', as it seems to be in WN. That seems too confusing. ''DinnerJacket'' is a separate type, for a formal jacket, and ''Tuxedojacket'' is a FormalJacket that is part of a Tuxedo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tuxedo' in WordNet: 1. dinner jacket, tux, tuxedo, black tie - (semiformal evening dress for men) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalWear, :MensClothing, :SuitOfClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TuxedoJacket ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TuxedoPants ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TuxedoJacket :en "tuxedo jacket" ; :guid "c0fbd5b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TuxedoJacket'' is the Jacket component of a ''Tuxedo'' (jacket and pants). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DinnerJacket, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tuxedo ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :TuxedoOutfit :wnsense "tux1n", "tuxedo1n" ; :wordnet "tux", "tuxedo" ; a :ClothingType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TuxedoOutfit'' is a ''ClothingOutfit'' that includes the 'Tuxedo'' ( just the ''Suit'' with jacket and pants) plus any and all other ''ClothingAccessory''s worn at any given time. For just the 'suit' of jacket and pants use ''Tuxedo''. Includes but may be broader than noun sense 1 of 'tuxedo' in WordNet: 1. dinner jacket, tux, tuxedo, black tie - (semiformal evening dress for men) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingOutfit, :FormalWear, :MensClothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tuxedo ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TuxedoShoe ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TuxedoShirt ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cummerbund ; owl:onProperty :mayHavePart ] . :TuxedoPants :en "tuxedo pants" ; :guid "c0fbd1ba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TuxedoPants'' is the Pants component of a ''Tuxedo'' (jacket and pants). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DressPants, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tuxedo ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :TuxedoShirt :en "tuxedo shirt" ; :guid "c0fbd706-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all shirts designed to be worn with a tuxedo. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DressShirt, :LongSleeveShirt . :TuxedoShoe :en "tuxedo shoe" ; :enn "tuxedo shoe" ; :guid "c0fbd919-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TuxedoShoe'' is a ''Shoe'' that is worn as part of a ''TuxedoOutfit''.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FormalShoe . :Tweaking :wnsense "tweak1v" ; :wordnet "tweak" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tweaking'' is a ''PinchingEvent'' that includes a twist or pull. RHW 'tweak': 1. to pinch and pull with a jerk and twist: to tweak someone's ear; to tweak someone's nose. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tweak' in WordNet: 1. tweak - (pinch or squeeze sharply) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PinchingEvent . :Tweet :wnsense "cheep1n", "peep1n", "tweet1n" ; :wordnet "cheep", "peep", "tweet" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tweet'' is a audible sound made by a 'Bird'' when it is ''Tweeting'' or (when repeated) when ''Chirping'' or ''Twittering''. Includes noun sense 1 of 'peep' and sense 1 of 'chirp' and sense 1 of 'tweet' in WordNet: WN noun 'peep': 1. cheep, peep - (the short weak cry of a young bird) WN noun 'tweet': 1. tweet - (a week chirping sound as of a small bird) WN 'chirp': 1. chirp - (a sharp sound made by small birds or insects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tweeting ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Tweeting :wnsense "cheep1n", "cheep1v", "peep3v", "tweet1v" ; :wordnet "cheep", "peep", "tweet" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this 'Tweeting'' is for *one* 'tweet' of a ''Bird''. For the repeated chirping, use ''Chirping''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tweet' in WordNet: 1. tweet, twirp - (make a weak, chirping sound; 'the small bird was tweeting in the tree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MakingAnOralSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bird ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tweet ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BirdBill ; owl:onProperty :usedBodyPart ] . :Tweezers :en "tweezers" ; :enn "tweezers" ; :guid "bd58e403-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pair of pincers1n", "pair of tweezers1n", "pincer1n", "tweezer1n" ; :wordnet "pair of pincers", "pair of tweezers", "pincer", "tweezer" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tweezers' in WordNet: 1. pincer, pair of pincers, tweezer, pair of tweezers - (a hand tool for holding consisting of a compound lever for grasping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserPowered, :GrippingTool . :Twelfth :en "12th" ; :hasNumericalAbbreviation "12th" ; :hasOrderNumber "12"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "twelfth1adj" ; :wordnet "twelfth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The twelfth element in a series. Corresponds to adj sense 1 of 'twelfth' in WordNet: 1. (2) twelfth, 12th - (coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position) """ . :TwelveGuests :hasQuantifier :N_12 ; a :NumberOfAttendees . :TwelveHours :hasQuantifier :N_12 ; :hasUnit :hours ; a :TimeDuration . :TwelveInches :en "one foot", "twelve inches" ; :hasQuantifier :N_12 ; :hasUnit :inches ; a :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'LengthMeasure' with a value of '12 inches', i.e. one foot. NOTE that this is a measure of length, *not* a region location in space that has a length of twelve inches (i.e. one foot). """ . :Twentieth :en "20th" ; :hasNumericalAbbreviation "20th" ; :hasOrderNumber "20"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "20th1adj", "twentieth1n" ; :wordnet "20th", "twentieth" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The twentieth element in a series. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twentieth' in WordNet: 1. (1) twentieth - (position 20 in a countable series of things) """ . :Twentieth-century :en "twentieth-century" ; :enadj "twentieth-century" ; :pertainsTo :The1900s ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Pertaining to ''The1900s'' (the 'twentieth Century') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Twenty :hasCardinalityNumber "20"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "20"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "twenty1adj" ; :wordnet "twenty" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'twenty' takes a type and returns a Group containing twenty instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'twenty' in WordNet: 1. (19) twenty, 20, xx - (denoting a quantity consisting of 20 items or units) """ . :Twenty-first :hasNumericalAbbreviation "21st" ; :hasOrderNumber "21"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "21st1adj", "twenty-first1adj" ; :wordnet "21st", "twenty-first" ; a :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:comment """The twenty-first element in a series. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'twenty-first' in Wordnet: 1. (3) twenty-first, 21st - (coming next after the twentieth in position) """ . :TwentyEight :hasCardinalityNumber "28"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "28"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "281n", "twenty-eight1n", "xxviii1n" ; :wordnet "28", "twenty-eight", "xxviii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''TwentyEight'' takes a type and returns a Group containing twenty eight instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty-eight' in WordNet: 1. twenty-eight, 28, xxviii - (being eight more than twenty) """ . :TwentyFive :hasCardinalityNumber "25"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "25"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "251n", "twenty-five1n", "xxv1n" ; :wordnet "25", "twenty-five", "xxv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''TwentyFive'' takes a type and returns a Group containing twenty five instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty-five' in WordNet: 1. (11) twenty-five, 25, xxv - (being five more than twenty) """ . :TwentyFiveCentsUS :hasQuantifier :N_25 ; :hasUnit :centsUS ; a :MoneyMeasure . :TwentyFour :hasCardinalityNumber "24"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "24"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "241n", "twenty-four1n", "xxiv1n" ; :wordnet "24", "twenty-four", "xxiv" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''TwentyFour'' takes a type and returns a Group containing twenty four instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Twenty-four' in WordNet: 1. (2) twenty-four, 24, xxiv - (being four more than twenty) """ . :TwentyNine :hasCardinalityNumber "29"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "29"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "291n", "ixl1n", "twenty-nine1n" ; :wordnet "29", "ixl", "twenty-nine" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''TwentyNine'' takes a type and returns a Group containing twenty nine instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty-nine' in WordNet: 1. twenty-nine, 29, xxix - (being nine more than twenty) """ . :TwentyOne :hasCardinalityNumber "21"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "21"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "211n", "twenty-one1n", "xxi1n" ; :wordnet "21", "twenty-one", "xxi" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''TwentyOne'' takes a type and returns a Group containing twenty one instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty-one' in WordNet: 1. (3) twenty-one, 21, xxi - (being one more than twenty) """ . :TwentyOneBritishShillings :hasQuantifier :N_21 ; :hasUnit :BritishShilling ; a :MoneyMeasure . :TwentySeven :hasCardinalityNumber "27"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "27"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "271n", "twenty-seven1n", "xxvii1n" ; :wordnet "27", "twenty-seven", "xxvii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''TwentySeven'' takes a type and returns a Group containing twenty seven instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty-seven' in WordNet: 1. twenty-seven, 27, xxvii - (being seven more than twenty) """ . :TwentySix :hasCardinalityNumber "26"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "26"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "261n", "twenty-six1n", "xxvi1n" ; :wordnet "26", "twenty-six", "xxvi" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''TwentySix'' takes a type and returns a Group containing twenty six instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty-six' in WordNet: 1. (1) twenty-six, 26, xxvi - (being six more than twenty) """ . :TwentyThree :hasCardinalityNumber "23"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "23"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "231n", "twenty-three1n", "xxiii1n" ; :wordnet "23", "twenty-three", "xxiii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''TwentyThree'' takes a type and returns a Group containing twenty three instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty-three' in WordNet: 1. (3) twenty-three, 23, xxiii - (being three more than twenty) """ . :TwentyTwo :hasCardinalityNumber "22"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "22"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "221n", "twenty-two1n", "xxii1n" ; :wordnet "22", "twenty-two", "xxii" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function ''TwentyTwo'' takes a type and returns a Group containing twenty one instances of that type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twenty-two' in WordNet: 1. twenty-two, 22, xxii - (being two more than twenty) """ . :Twice :ldoce "twice" ; :wnsense "twice1adv" ; :wordnet "twice" ; a :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'twice' in WordNet: 1. (22) twice - (two times; 'I called her twice') """ . :TwicePerYear :en "twice a year", "twice per year" ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :FrequencyPerYear . :TwiddlingSomething :wnsense "fiddle with1v", "twiddle2v" ; :wordnet "fiddle with", "twiddle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwiddlingSomething'' is a transitive Action that is a ''PersistentState'' during which some PhysicalObject that is *part* of a hand or something held in the hand is moved in small fast motions while the hand itself is not moved by more than a few nchesinany direction. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'twiddle' in WordNet: 2. twiddle, fiddle with - (manipulate, as in a nervous or unconscious manner; 'He twiddled her thumbs while waiting for the interview') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :SupportingSomething, :UsingTheHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Motion ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :requiredBodypart ] . :Twig :wnsense "branchlet1n", "sprig1n", "twig1n" ; :wordnet "branchlet", "sprig", "twig" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Twig'' is a short slender ''PlantBranch'', whether still alive and on the Plant or separated, whether still moist or dry. One finds lots of ''Twig''s on the foor of a woods where the drier ones may exhibit a ''Snap'' when stepped on. When fresh it may have buds or flowers or cones on it and be taken for use as decoration. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twig' in WordNet: 1. (1) branchlet, twig, sprig - (a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantBranch, :Protrusion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :TreeOrBushType ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Twin :wnsense "twin1n" ; :wordnet "twin" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''BiologicalSibling'' who was born in the same ''BirthEvent'' as another ''BiologicalSibling''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twin' in WordNet: 1. (1) twin - (either of two offspring born at the same time from the same pregnancy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalSibling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwinBirthEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :isaSiblingOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Twin ] . :TwinBirthEvent a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TwinBirthEvent'' is a ''BirthEvent'' in which a Mammal gives birth to two newborn Mammals, usually occuring within a short time, typically on the same day, within a few minutes of each other. No WN sense found, """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirthEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mammal ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hadNewborn ] . :Twine :wnsense "twine1n" ; :wordnet "twine" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of 'twine'. @db1277 no representation of 'strand' yet RHW: a strong thread or string composed of two or more strands twisted together. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twine' in WordNet: 1. string, twine - (a lightweight cord) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BraidedObject, :Cord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strand ; owl:minCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Twinkle :wnsense "light12n", "spark2n", "sparkle1n", "twinkle2n" ; :wordnet "light", "spark", "sparkle", "twinkle" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Twinkle'' is for a 'twinkle' in a Person's eye when s/he is feeling ''Merriment''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'twinkle' in WordNet: 2. sparkle, twinkle, spark, light - (merriment expressed by a brightness or gleam or animation of countenance; 'he had a sparkle in his eye'; 'there's a perpetual twinkle in his eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sprightliness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Eye ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Merriment ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Twirling :wnsense "birl2v", "spin3v", "twirl1v", "whirl2v" ; :wordnet "birl", "spin", "twirl", "whirl" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Twirling'' is the transitive act of causing some SolidObject to spin (perform ''Spinning''). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'twirl' in WordNet: 2. (1) whirl, birl, spin, twirl - (cause to spin; 'spin a coin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RotatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spinning ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :TwirlingaBaton :wnsense "twirl2v" ; :wordnet "twirl" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwirlingaBaton'' is a 'Twirling'' in which the thing caused to spin is a ''\"Baton''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'twirl' in WordNet: 2. (1) whirl, birl, spin, twirl - (cause to spin; 'spin a coin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RotatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Baton ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BatonTwirler ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Twisted :guid "b33a03ae-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :CordlikeObject, :PhysicalObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Twisting ; :wnsense "contorted2adj", "distorted1adj", "twined1adj", "twisted2adj", "twisted3adj" ; :wordnet "contorted", "distorted", "twined", "twisted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Twisted'' is the attribute of an Object that has been bent by ''Twisting''. This can be appled to objects other than ''CordlikeObject''s, but they have to be flexible, at least susceptible to pressure over time (such as things twisted by a persistent wind). In CYC this is a 'CordlikeObject'' that has been twisted; in COSMO this is the attribute itself. CYC: The collection of #$CordlikeObject whose instances consist of twisted fibers like rope or cable. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'twisting' in Wordnet: 1. (1) twined, twisted - (wound or wrapped around something; 'hair twined around her fingers'; 'bulky with twisted stitches around the edges') 2. (1) contorted, distorted, twisted - (strained or wrenched out of normal shape; 'old trees with contorted branches'; 'scorched and distorted fragments of steel'; 'trapped under twisted steel girders') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bent, :PastParticiple . :TwistedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A CordlikeObject has a shape with more than a few turns, such as KnotShapedObject or a CoiledObject. This sense is for PhysicalObjects. This is a class that includes any object that can be said to be 'twisted' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CordlikeObject . :Twisting :en "twisting" ; :ldoce "twist" ; :wnsense "twist4v", "twist5v" ; :wordnet "twist" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ShapeChange in which an elongated object (or some part of one) goes from a relatively straight shape to a sharply curved shape with more than one curve, at different angles. often this leads to a spiral-shaped object, but not necessarily; forming a knot is a form of 'Twisting'. For sense 2 of 'twist' use subtype ''Bending'' Includes verb sense 4, and 5 of 'twist' in WordNet: 4. (1) twist, twine, distort - (form into a spiral shape; 'The cord is all twisted') 5. (1) twist - (form into twists; 'Twist the strips of dough') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :CordlikeObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :TwistedObject ] . :Twitch :eng "jerking", "twitching" ; :wnsense "jerk2v", "twitch1v" ; :wordnet "jerk", "twitch" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''JerkingMotion'' of some BodyPart. This differs from ''Twitching'' in that this motion causes some limb to move, whereas a ''Twitching'' is brief and does not cause a limb movement. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'twitch' and verb sense 2 of 'jerk' in Wordnet: 1. (4) jerk, twitch - (move with abrupt, seemingly uncontrolled motions; 'The patient's legs were jerking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JerkingMotion . :Twitching :wnsense "twitch1n", "twitching1n", "vellication1n" ; :wordnet "twitch", "twitching", "vellication" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE this differs from a ''Twitch'' in not causing any motion of a limb. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'twitching' in WordNet: 1. twitch, twitching, vellication - (a sudden muscle spasm; especially one caused by a nervous condition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spasm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Twitter :en "Twitter" ; :enn "Twitter" ; :wasCreatedBy :TwitterInc ; a :SmartPhoneApp ; rdfs:comment """ Twitter is an American microblogging and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages known as \" tweets \". Registered users can post, like, and retweet tweets, but unregistered users can only read them. Users access Twitter through its website interface, through Short Message Service (SMS) or its mobile-device application software (\"app\").[15] Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, and has more than 25 offices around the world.[16] Tweets were originally restricted to 140 characters, but was doubled to 280 for non-Asian languages in November 2017.[17] """ . :TwitterInc a :Corporation . :Twittering :wnsense "chitter1v", "twitter1v" ; :wordnet "chitter", "twitter" ; a :ActionType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Twittering'' is a *repeated* high-pitched chirping sound made by some birds (usually small birds). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'twitter' in WordNet: 1. chitter, twitter - (make high-pitched sounds, as of birds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chirping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HighPitched ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Two-Day :en "two-day" ; :enadj "two-day" ; :pertainsTo :TwoDays ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Two-Day'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a period of ''TwoDays'' or of Actions that take ''TwoDays'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Two-Hour :en "two-hour" ; :enadj "two-hour" ; :pertainsTo :TwoHours ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Two-Hour'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a period of ''TwoHours'' or of Actions that take ''TwoHours'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Two-Week :en "two-week" ; :enadj "two-week" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :TwoWeeks ; :pertainsTo :TwoWeeks ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Two-Week'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for two weeks, or plans that specify Events over the course of two weeks. No WN or RHW sense for this concept. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :Two-Year-Old :en "two-year-old" ; :enadj "two-year-old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Two-Year-Old'' is n attribute that characterizes things that are two years old, i.e. were created or born two years in the past. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Two-way :contrastsWith :One-way ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Motion, :Path-Generic ; :wnsense "two-way1adj" ; :wordnet "two-way" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'two-way' in Wordnet: 3. two-way - (operating or permitting operation in either of two opposite directions; 'a two-way valve'; 'two-way traffic'; 'two-way streets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :TwoAdjacentClauses :en "two adjacent clauses" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoAdjacentClauses'' are two ''GrammarClause''s that are separated by a ''Comma'' or ''Semicolon''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GrammarClause ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Adjacent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TwoAgentAction a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TwoAgentAction' is a 'MultiPersonAction' that is characterized by the participation of two salient Agents, each of which is a Person, GroupOfPeople, or Organization (i.e. either an individual or collective human agent). There may in fact be more than two people involved as agents, but for this type, the perspective chosen will consider only two salient 'agents', either of which can be an individual person, Organization, or some group of people. Thus two teams competing is an instance of 'TwoAgentAction', or an Individual Person being interviewed by a Group of People, or two individual people involved in a Action such as a competition or cooperation event, such as buying and selling, or making an agreement. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiAgentAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :TwoAgentGroup ] . :TwoAgentAgreement :ldoce "agreement", "arrangement" ; :wnsense "agreement1n", "agreement4n", "arrangement1n" ; :wordnet "agreement", "arrangement" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Agreement in which there are two AgreeingAgents (either or both of which could be a collective agent). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MakingaTwoAgentAgreement ] . :TwoAgentContract :FIBO "contract" ; :ldoce "contract", "deal" ; :wnsense "contract1n", "deal2n" ; :wordnet "contract", "deal" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Contract' in which there are two AgreeingAgents (either or both of which could be a collective agent). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contract, :TwoAgentDeal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MakingaTwoAgentContract ] . :TwoAgentDeal :ldoce "agreement", "deal" ; :wnsense "agreement1n", "agreement4n", "deal2n" ; :wordnet "agreement", "deal" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TwoAgentDeal' is a 'TwoAgentAgreement' in which the two AgreeingAgents make a 'Deal', specifying the obligations of each participating Agent. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deal, :TwoAgentAgreement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :MakingaTwoAgentDeal ] . :TwoAgentGroup a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TwoAgentGroup' Group, each component element of which is some GenericAgent..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentGroup, :Pair, :PluralThing . :TwoAlternativeActions :en "binary choice" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoAlternativeActions''is a 'ListOfAlternatives' having only two members, each of which is an ''ActionType''. See also ''YesNoDecision''. e.g. 'BedTimeSituation' demands ''ChoosingBetween'' 'GoingToBed' or 'StayingUp' This can be referred to as a ''binary choice'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ListOfAlternatives, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ActionType ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :TwoArgumentValue a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TwoArgumentValue' is an AttributeValue that specifies the two argument values for an instance of a CompactedTernaryRelation. This is a mechanism to represent ternary relations in the binary relation format of OWL. See ''compactedRelation'' and its subproperties for further discussion of hw this is used to facilitatte conversion of the OWL version of COSMO to FOL. Each instance of 'TwoArgumentValue' will have relations pointing to the two arguments that make up the ternary assertion that is represented. For example, to specify that a 'Quadruped' has four legs, we use a 'PartCardinalityValue'; see also 'Quadruped' for this example.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :TwoArms :hasObjectType :Arm ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TwoBlades :hasObjectType :Blade ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TwoBodyPartsType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoBodyPartsType'' is a metatype that can be used to express facts that certain Actions involve the participation of two 'AnimaBodyPart''s. The subtypes of this type can be used to label pairs of ''AnimalBodyPart''s that are involved in certain Actions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPartType . :TwoCarbonAtoms :hasObjectType :CarbonAtom ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TwoCloseRelatives a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoCloseRelatives'' is two people who are closely related by blood, such as two siblings or a parent and child. This can be used for people of any age. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, :PairOfAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Person ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoColumnTable a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'TwoColumnTable' is a Table each Row of which has exactly two elements, i.e. it has two columns. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :List, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ListPair ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ] . :TwoDays :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; :hasUnit :days ; :relatedInternalConcept :Day ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 2 days. """ . :TwoDimensional :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :DimensionalityValue ; rdfs:comment """'TwoDimensional'' is used as the DmensionalityValue for Types whose instances have extensions in two dimensions that are substantially larger than their extension in the third (or higher?) dimension.. """ . :TwoDimensionalArtObject :en "two dimensional art object" ; :enn "two dimensional art object" ; :guid "c051b79b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$ArtObjects which are primarily two dimensional. Positive examples of subcollections include #$Painting-ArtForm, #$PenAndInkDrawing, and #$Engraving. Negative examples include #$Sculpture or #$LiteraryWork-CW. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FineArtObject, :TwoDimensionalThing . :TwoDimensionalGeometricThing :guid "bd58c2a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this can be physical or abstract, though describable in geometric terms. CYC: The collection of #$GeometricallyDescribableThings (q.v.) that are two-dimensional. Each instance of #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing is a two-dimensional object whose shape is describable in geometric terms. Examples include tangible objects, such as the flat (two-dimensional) tangible surface of an oval tabletop, as well as abstract two-dimensional objects.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :PlanarObject, :ShapedThing, :TwoDimensionalThing . :TwoDimensionalShapeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoDimensionalShapeType'' is a metatype useful to specify shapes as being two-dimensional. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricShapeType . :TwoDimensionalSolidObject :en "two dimensional solid object" ; :enn "two dimensional solid object" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TwoDimensionalSolidObject'' is any kind of ''SolidObject'' including an ObjectGroup, that is flat enough to approximate a ''SheetOfSomeStuff'' in shape. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, :TwoDimensionalThing . :TwoDimensionalTable :en "two-dmensional table" ; :enn "two-dmensional table" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TwoDimensionalTable'' is a ''Table'' having a 'horizontal' and 'vertical' dimension, visualized as being printed on a sheet of paper. The indivdual elements may be empty originally,or may be blocked in some way so as to prevent adding anything to that location. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Array, :Table, :TwoDimensionalThing . :TwoDimensionalThing :en "two dimensional thing" ; :enn "two dimensional thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anything, physical or abstract that is either exactly or approximately two-dimensional. This includes surfaces of any kind, even if curved, such as the surface of a sphere. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoDimensional ; owl:onProperty :hasDimensionality ] . :TwoElectricCircuits :en "two electric circuits" ; :enn "two electric circuits" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoElectricCircuits'' is a ''Pair'' of ''ElectricCircuit''s. This is typically used for circuits that are connected at some point, including an ''Electrode''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCircuit ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoElectricalDevices :en "pair of electrical devices", "two electrical devices" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoElectricalDevices'' is a Group of exactly two ''ElectricalDevice''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ElectricalDevice ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoElectrodes :en "two electrodes" ; :enn "two electrodes" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoElectrodes'' is a ''Pair'' of ''Electrode''s that are at the ends of one electrical conductor path. This represents, among other things, the two electrodes on a single battery. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Electrode ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoElectronicDevices :en "pair of electronic devices", "two electronic devices" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoElectronicDevices'' is a Group of exactly two ''ElectronicDevice''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ElectronicDevice ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoEyes :hasObjectType :VertebrateEye ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue ; rdfs:comment """'TwoEyes' is a PartCardinalityValue that specifically refers to VertebrateEye, which may differ from the structures of eyes of invertebrates. Most typical individuals of vertebrate species have TwoEyes.""" . :TwoFemalePeople :en "two female people" ; :enn "two female people" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TwoFemalePeople'' is a ''Same-SexCouple'' in which each Person is a female. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Same-SexCouple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FemalePerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoHorns :en "horns", "two horns" ; :hasObjectType :Horn ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TwoHours :en "two hours" ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; :hasUnit :hours ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 2 hours. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time that is a specific 'two hour period'. """ . :TwoHumanGroups :en "two human groups" ; :enn "two human groups" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every ''TwoHumanGroups'' is a ''GroupOfHumanGroups'' consisting of exactl two 'GroupOfPeople''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfHumanGroups, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GroupOfPeople ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoHundredFiftyFeet :en "250 feet", "250 feet length", "two hundred fifty feet", "two hundred fifty feet length" ; :hasQuantifier :N_250 ; :hasUnit :feet ; a :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:comment """''TwoHundredFiftyFeet'' is an instance of 'LengthMeasure' with a value of '250 feet' - usable as a measurement of any property measuring extension in real space: length, width, depth, circumference, distance. NOTE that this is a measure of length, *not* a region location in space that has a length of one inch. """ . :TwoInches :en "2 inches", "two inches" ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; :hasUnit :inches ; a :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'LengthMeasure' with a value of '2 inches'. NOTE that this is a measure of length, *not* a region location in space that has a length of one inch. """ . :TwoLanguages :en "two languages" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoLanguages'' is a ''NaturalLanguageGroup'' of two languages. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalLanguageGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :NaturalLanguage ] . :TwoLegs :hasObjectType :Leg ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TwoLegsOrFeetType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """'TwoLegsOrFeetType'' is ametatype that can be used to express facts that certain Actions involve the participation of ''BothLegs'' or ''BothFeet'' of the same Person. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoBodyPartsType . :TwoLiquids :en "pair of liquids", "two liquids" ; :enn "pair of liquids", "two liquids" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoLiquids'' represents two different ''LiquidSubstance''s, used especially for liquids that may have some properties or perform some Actions when mixed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :LiquidSubstanceType ] . :TwoLovers :enn "lovers", "two lovers" ; :wnsense "couple3n", "twosome2n" ; :wordnet "couple", "twosome" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TwoLovers'' is a ''Couple'' of two adult people (''HumanAdult''s), who have a strong loving relationship but are not married. Can be of opposite sex or of the same sex. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'couple' in WordNet: 3. (136) couple, twosome, duo, duet - (a pair who associate with one another; 'the engaged couple'; 'an inseparable twosome') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Couple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :Lover ] . :TwoMalePeople :en "two male people" ; :enn "two male people" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TwoMalePeople'' is a ''Same-SexCouple'' in which each Person is a male. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Same-SexCouple, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :MalePerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality and a specialization of #$SpatialThing, each instance of which is either a two- or three- (or higher-) dimensional spatial object. Examples include tangible or intangible spatially-localized polydimensional objects, such as the flat surface of a tabletop and the table itself, as well as abstract geometrical objects that are at least two-dimensional, such as a Platonic cube. Specializations of this collection include #$PartiallyTangible, #$BilateralObject, and #$TwoDimensionalGeometricThing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OneOrHigherDimensionalThing . :TwoOutOfThree :en "two out of three", "two-of-three" ; :enn "two out of three", "two-of-three" ; a :QuantifierType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TwoOutOfThree'' is a ''FractionalPartOfaGroup'' in which the value of the ''hasFractionMeasure'' relation is ''N_2_3''. This may be used as an approximation,expecially if the Group has a number of elements not amultiple of three. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalPartOfaGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientFractionalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :N_2_3 ; owl:onProperty :hasFractionMeasure ] . :TwoOxygenAtoms :hasObjectType :OxygenAtom ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TwoPalletProngs :en "two pallet prongs" ; :enn "two pallet prongs" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TwoPalletProngs'' are the ''TwoProngs'' on a ''Forklift''.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoProngs, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forklift ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :TwoParallelFaults :en "two parallel faults" ; :enn "two parallel faults" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :GeologicalFault ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoPoles :hasObjectType :Pole ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TwoProngs :en "two prongs" ; :enn "two prongs" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoProngs'' is a Group of two ''Prong''s considered as a unit, usually part of the same Object. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Prong ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoShells :hasObjectType :AnimalShell ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TwoShoulderStraps :hasObjectType :ShoulderStrap ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TwoSided :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :TwoSides ; :isaValueOf :BodyStrength ; :wnsense "bilateral3adj", "two-sided2adj" ; :wordnet "bilateral", "two-sided" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'two-sided' in Wordnet: 2. bilateral, two-sided - (having two sides or parts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoSides ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving ] . :TwoSides :en "two sides" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoSides'' is a Group of exactly two ''Sides''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Side ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoSlicesOfbread :hasObjectType :SliceOfBread ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; a :PartCardinalityValue . :TwoSteelBeams :en "two steel beams" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This should be broadend to TwoSteelObjects, as Rivets may be used to connect steel plates to beams. @ToDo. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :SteelBeam ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :TwoStorey :en "two-storey", "two-story" ; :enadj "two-storey", "two-story" ; :pertainsTo :TwoStoreyBuilding ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoStorey'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''TwoStoreyBuilding''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :TwoStoreyBuilding :en "multi storey building" ; :enn "multi storey building" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''TwoStoreyBuilding'' is a ''Building'' that has exactly two storeys, not including a basement or attic. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiStoreyBuilding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :Storey ; owl:onProperty :hasSpatialPart ] . :TwoTerminalElectricalDevice :en "two terminal electrical device" ; :guid "bd58f544-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "electrical devices with two terminals" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalTerminal ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :TwoToned :en "two-tone", "two-toned" ; :enadj "two-tone", "two-toned" ; :isTheOppositeOf :SolidColored ; :wnsense "bichrome1adj", "bicolor1adj", "bicolored1adj", "bicolour1adj", "bicoloured1adj", "dichromatic1adj" ; :wordnet "bichrome", "bicolor", "bicolored", "bicolour", "bicoloured", "dichromatic" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoToned'' is an Attribute of a surface that is colored in different parts by two different colors. RHW 'two-tone': having two colors or two shades of the same color: a two-tone automobile. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bicolored' in Wordnet: 1. bicolor, bicolour, bicolored, bicoloured, bichrome, dichromatic - (having two colors; 'a bicolor flower'; 'a bicolored postage stamp') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Variegated . :TwoTonsPerPersonHour :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; :hasUnit :TonsPerPersonHour ; a :EfficiencyValue ; rdfs:comment """In steel production in the USA in 2006 reached an average of about two tons of steel per Person-Hour (aka 'man hour'), with some plant twice as efficient. To be more specific, the unit of 'TonsOfSteelPerPersonHour' could be created as a subtype of ''TwoTonsPerPersonHour''.. """ . :TwoWeeks :en "two weeks" ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; :hasUnit :weeks ; :wnsense "fortnight1n" ; :wordnet "fortnight" ; a :TimeDuration ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration' with a value of 2 weeks - *not* some specific week which would be an instance of 'TimeInterval'. one fortnight """ . :TwoYear :en "two-year" ; :enadj "two-year" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :TwoYears ; :pertainsTo :TwoYears ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TwoYear'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for two years, or plans that specify Events over the course of two years. 'Attending a two-year college.' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :TwoYearOldChild :en "two year old" ; :enn "two year old" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MinorChild, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoYears ; owl:onProperty :hasAgeInYears ] . :TwoYears :en "two years" ; :enn "two years" ; :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; :relatedInternalConcept :Year ; a :TimeDuration-Years ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'TimeDuration-Years' with a value of 2 years. NOTE that this is a measure of time, *not* a location in time. """ . :TyingInaBow :ldoce "connect", "tie" ; :wnsense "tie1v" ; :wordnet "tie" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some Agent causes a string, cord, or similar 'CordlikeObject' to change configuration from long and thin to a bow shape. For tying objects together using a CordlikeObject 'TyingTogether'. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'tie' in WordNet: 5. (1) tie - (form a knot or bow in; 'tie a necktie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :CordlikeObject ] . :TyingTogether :ldoce "connect", "tie" ; :wnsense "tie1v" ; :wordnet "tie" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Fastening' Action in which some Agent uses a string, cord, or similar 'CordlikeObject' to fasten one object to another; this includes bundling multiple papers or objects together with string. The objects tied together are referenced by the relation 'hadThingAffected'. For tying a CordlikeObject in a bow, use 'TyingInaBow'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'tie' in WordNet: 1. (13) tie, bind - (fasten or secure with a rope, string, or cord; 'They tied their victim to the chair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :ObjectGroup ] . :TyingUp :wnsense "bind5v", "tie down1v", "tie up1v", "truss2v" ; :wordnet "bind", "tie down", "tie up", "truss" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''TyingUp'' is an Action that uses a ''CordlikeObject' to restrain an Animal from moving part or all of the body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tie up' in WordNet: 1. (3) tie down, tie up, bind, truss - (secure with or as if with ropes; 'tie down the prisoners'; 'tie up the old newspapers and bring them to the recycling shed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingAnAgentFromDoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :prevents ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BodyMovementEvent :UsingTheHand :ActionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :Type a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the term 'Type' in COSMO is used to refer to both the informal groupings called 'type' or 'sort' or 'kind' and also those formal intensionally-defined groupings called: Class in Ontolingua and Protege; Class in RDF and OWL; Class in SUMO; Collection in OpenCyc; Universal in DOLCE; Property in Ontology Works' IODE system The informal groupings are represented in COSMO by the subtype 'sort'. * The Type 'Type' in COSMO is intended to be equivalent to the types (classes) by those names in those other ontologies. * (isaSubtypeOf A B) means that Type A is a subtype of Type B and that all instance of Type A are also instances of Type B. However, the interpretation of these categories is not universally agreed on. In the case of ISO15926, the 'classes' of that ontology are intended to be interpreted as sets. The COSMO 'Type' is not a mathematical set. Among other problems with that interpretation is the fact that any two sets with identical members are considered as the same set. But in COSMO, any number of different Types may have the same instances in some particular context. The same issue is discussed in the SUMO documentation of 'Class'. below. In COSMO, a 'Type' is considered to be a 'Description' which is a group of necessary and/or sufficient conditions for some individual entity to be an instance of that Type. The Description can be applied to individual contexts (time, location, theoretical or hypothetical contexts) to identify the individuals in that context that are instances of the Type. Therefore, a subtype is not a subset of the parent Type and an 'instance' of a Type is not a 'member' of some set identical to the Type. Of course, one may define a mathematical Set whose members are identical to the instances of a Type in some particular context, but insofar as the instances may vary with context, any Set corresponding to the instances may vary with context, whereas the Type (i.e. the description of the conditions for 'instanceship') will be the same Type in all contexts. The necessary conditions for instanceship inherit *down* the chain of subtypes, whereas the sufficient conditions for membership 'inherit' (in a sense) *up* the chain of ancestor Types. In spite of this difference in logical interpretation, when inference is performed, the subtypes and instances of COSMO behave logically exactly the same as the classes and instances of the ontologies above - the subtypes inherit properties from the parent types and instances of a subtype are also instances of the parent Types. The explicit difference in interpretation is largely a result of the emphasis in COSMO on the need for very explicit specification of the context in which an assertion is made. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * SUMO: Classes differ from Sets in three important respects. First, Classes are not assumed to be extensional. That is, distinct Classes might well have exactly the same instances. Second, Classes typically have an associated 'condition' that determines the instances of the Class. So, for example, the condition 'human' determines the Class of Humans. Note that some Classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the Class of Abstract things is Abstract) and hence be instances of themselves. Third, the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002: The collection of all Cyc collections. Cyc collections are natural kinds or classes, as opposed to mathematical sets; their instances have some common attribute(s). Each Cyc collection is like a set in so far as it may have elements, subsets, and supersets, and may not have parts or spatial or temporal properties. Sets, however, differ from collections in that a mathematical set may be an arbitrary set of things which have nothing in common (see #$Set-Mathematical). In contrast, the instances of a collection will all have in common some feature(s), some 'intensional' qualities. In addition, two instances of #$Collection can be co-extensional (i.e., have all the same instances) without being identical, whereas if two arbitrary sets had the same elements, they would be considered equal. As with any Cyc constant, an instance of #$Collection should be created only if it is expected to have some purpose or utility. Moreover, the 'best' collections to create are the ones which are impossible to define precisely, yet about which there are rules and other things to say. E.g., 'WhiteCat' is not a good element of #$Collection to create, because it's easy to define with other Cyc concepts, and there's not much to say about the collection of white cats; but 'WhiteCollarWorker' could be a good instance of #$Collection, because it is hard to define exactly, yet there are many things to say about it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sort . :TypeFont :wnsense "face10n", "font1n", "fount1n", "typeface1n" ; :wordnet "face", "font", "fount", "typeface" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''TypeFont'' is a Group of ''AbstractPrintableCharacter''s that has been assigned a name for use in printing (or in representing typed character on a computer screen). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'font' in WordNet: 1. font, fount, typeface, face - (a specific size and style of type within a type family) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group . :Typescript :wnsense "typescript1n" ; :wordnet "typescript" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Typecript'' is a typewritten ''OriginalScript'' for some ''ConceptualWork''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'typecript' in WordNet: 1. typescript - (typewritten matter especially a typewritten copy of a manuscript) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OriginalScript, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Typewritten ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Typewriter :guid "bd58da33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "typewriter1n" ; :wordnet "typewriter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device that prints one character at a time on a sheet of paper, as individual keys on a keyboard are struck, usually by hand. It may be manual or electrical, thus is not necessarily a 'UserPoweredDevice'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'typewriter' in WordNet: 1. (2) typewriter - (hand-operated character printer for printing written messages one character at a time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :HumanOccupationConstructObject, :PoweredDevice, :WritingDevice . :Typewritten :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :WritingByTypewriter ; :wnsense "typed1adj", "typewritten1adj" ; :wordnet "typed", "typewritten" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Typewritten'' is the attribute of any text in any language with a writing system, on a paper surface produced by hand typing on a ''Typewriter''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'typewritten' in Wordnet: 1. typed, typewritten - (written on a typewriter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Written . :Typical :ldoce "typical" ; :wnsense "typical1adj", "typical3adj" ; :wordnet "typical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The FunctionalAttribute 'Typical', when modifying some type, is a function that creates a subtype of the type modified, and all instances of that subtype have one or more properties that are held by *most* of the members of that type. A 'Typical' instance of a class is also a prototypical instance. This is an intensive subtype of ''Common'' in eaning thatin this context (some type of thing) the thing described occurs so often that is it the most often observed of all the possibilities. See also logical function 'TheTypical' that can generate a typical instance of a type in an FOL implementation. Deciding what properties to select to interpret something as 'typical' of its type can vary from one person to another. The properties that make a thing typical will be specified within the meaning of this fuction, and will vary with the type being modified. Thus this function may be very complex in its implementation. One possible means of simplifying this function is to keep the list of properties that are considered in deciding 'typicality' as part of the description of the type itself. Typicality will be a function of the type, and will not constrain the typicality of subtypes. Thus the type (Typical Person) will contain many instances that are not present in the type (Typical Infant), and (Typcial Infant) will contain instances not present in (Typical PrematureBaby). In practice, the values of the attributes that are decisive in determinining typicality may be ranges of values rather than individual values, such as the height of a typical person. This method of interpreting the meaning of modification of nouns by adjectives has not yet (v0.48) been implemented in a Language Understanding program. Includes senses 1 and 3 of adjective 'typical' in Wordnet: 1. (27) typical - (exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or category; 'a typical American girl'; 'a typical suburban community'; 'the typical car owner drives 10,000 miles a year'; 'a painting typical of the Impressionist school'; 'a typical romantic poem'; 'a typical case of arteritis') 3. typical - (conforming to a type; the typical (or normal) American'; 'typical teenage behavior') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalAttributeValue . :TypicalAdultAnimal a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'TypicalAdultAnimal' has characteristics that can be used to describe a species or other biological taxon of animal. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdultAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Typical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :TypicalAdultPerson a :LifeStageType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Type of all adult humans whose characteristics fall into the normal range for physical and mental attributes. A 'typical' subtype allows specifying attributes that are not always true of the general type, but contain useful default information. NOTE: The measures should be ranges, but as of v0.33 this has not been implemented. NOTE: *** concerning the weight of a typical adult: *** (from: http://www3.lehigh.edu/News/V2news_story.asp?iNewsID=1765) ** Even the crash test dummies are putting on weight.** As Americans get heavier, the people who build and regulate cars, boats and planes are trying to keep up, adjusting design standards and safety rules to account for newly recognized safety risks posed by those extra pounds per person. The Coast Guard this week set a new standard for calculating how many passengers a vessel can bear. The Federal Aviation Administration is making similar changes for airplanes. Automakers are increasingly using plus-size dummies to test their seat belts and air bags. According to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a solid majority of Americans, 65 percent, are overweight. The average American man grew from 166 pounds in 1960 to 191 pounds in 2002, while the average woman's weight rose from 140 to 164 pounds. 'These overweight and obese people can affect other people,' said Shin-Yi Chou, a professor at Lehigh University who studies the economics of obesity. 'When you increase the weight aboard airplanes, for example, there is an increased risk. We probably need government intervention.' Last month, the National Transportation Safety Board concluded that an outdated passenger weight formula was partly to blame when a water shuttle in Baltimore Harbor capsized in March 2004, killing five people. The Lady D set out with 25 people aboard, the maximum allowed by Coast Guard rules based on a 40-year-old estimate that the average person weighs 140 pounds. In fact, the people aboard averaged 168 pounds. The boat overturned when winds gusted suddenly. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAdult, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "7E4"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoArms ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoLegs ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TwoEyes ; owl:onProperty :hasPartCardinality ] . :Typifying :en "exemplifying", "typifying" ; :ldoce "represent" ; :wnsense "exemplify1v", "represent3v", "represent6v", "typify1v" ; :wordnet "exemplify", "represent", "typify" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Typifying' is the state of serving as a core (non-borderline) example of some type of thing, In an FOL ontology this could be represented as a subproperty of 'isAnInstanceOf' Includes senses 3 and 6 of 'represent' and sense 1 of 'typify' and sense 1 of 'exemplify' in WordNet: 1. (2) typify, epitomize, epitomise - (embody the essential characteristics of or be a typical example of; 'The fugue typifies Bach's style of composition') WN 'represent' 3. (14) represent - (be representative or typical for; 'This period is represented by Beethoven') 6. (8) exemplify, represent - (be characteristic of; 'This compositional style is exemplified by this fugue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ] . :Typing :en "typing" ; :ldoce "type" ; :wnsense "type1v" ; :wordnet "type" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of creating a text directly on a sheet of paper using a Typewriter, not via a computer keyboard that stores the input data for later printing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'type' in WordNet; it is unclear whether WN 'type' includes using computer keyboards, but this COSMO type does not; the WN sense of 'typing' is ambiguous between the action and the product - it is included here. in WordNet: 1. (2) type, typewrite - (write by means of a keyboard with types; 'type the acceptance letter, please') WN noun 'typing': 1. (2) typing, typewriting - (writing done with a typewriter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Typewriter ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :TypingElectronically :ldoce "type" ; :wnsense "type1v" ; :wordnet "type" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of creating a text directly using some kind of a computer keyboard or other electronic keypad device that stores the input data for later printing. Corresponds to part verb sense 1 of 'type' in WordNet; it is unclear whether WN 'type' includes using computer keyboards, but this COSMO type is for electronic input, and we assume that that action is covered by the WordNet synset: in WordNet: 1. (2) type, typewrite - (write by means of a keyboard with types; 'type the acceptance letter, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ComputerHardwareItem ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :Tyrant :wnsense "autocrat1n", "despot1n", "tyrant1n" ; :wordnet "autocrat", "despot", "tyrant" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Tyrant'' is a ''Dictator'' (who is 'oppressive' and immune to legal constraints) and who is ''Cruel'' as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'tyrant' in WordNet: 1. (1) tyrant, autocrat, despot - (a cruel and oppressive dictator) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dictator, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cruel ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :U-Shaped :isAnAttributeValueOf :FilamentlikeObject, :LinearObject, :StringOrLine, :U-ShapedObject ; :wnsense "U-shaped1adj" ; :wordnet "U-shaped" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''U-Shaped'' is the property of any spatial linear object,but is used mostly for three-dimensional ''RigidObject''s that are ''U-ShapedObject''s that are long and thin like a rope or bar, but form a 180 degree partial loop so that they look like the capital letter 'U', and are sufficiently strong and rigid so that they can resist changing shape with even moderate to strong pressure. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'U-shaped' in Wordnet: 1. U-shaped - (shaped in the form of the letter U) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curved, :Round . :U-ShapedClasp :en "U-shaped clasp" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''U-ShapedClasp'' is a ''Clasp''.that is a ''U-ShapedObject''. The ''Shackle'' on a padlock is one subtype, made of a strong rigid metal ''Bar''. The clasp portion of a 'safety pin' would be made of stiff wire. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clasp, :U-ShapedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfObjects ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToConnect ] . :U-ShapedObject a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''U-ShapedObject'' is a ''RigidObject'' that is ''U-Shaped'' and form a 180 degree partial loop so that it looks like the capital letter 'U', and is sufficiently strong and rigid so that it can resist changing shape with even moderate to strong pressure. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RigidObject . :U-turn :en "make a 180", "make a 180 degree turn", "make a u-turn", "uey" ; :eng "making a u-turn" ; :env "make a u-turn" ; :wnsense "u-turn1n" ; :wordnet "u-turn" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''U-turn'' is a ''ChangingDirectionOfMotion'' in which the direction of motion is the complete opposite of the direction before the ''U-turn''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'u-turn' in WordNet: 1. u-turn - (complete reversal of direction of travel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirectionOfMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Path-Spatial ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirectionMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :MovingThing ] . :UCUMunit a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A UnitOfMeasure linked to the UCUM classification system. This is included to link to the physiology units used in medicine, as with HL7 and the VISTA data elements. See 'http://unitsofmeasure.org/trac' '' The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. The focus is on electronic communication, as opposed to communication between humans. A typical application of The Unified Code for Units of Measure are electronic data interchange (EDI) protocols, but there is nothing that prevents it from being used in other types of machine communication. UCUM is based on the ISO 80000: 2009 Quantities and Units standards series that specify the use of System International (SI) units in publications. ISO 80000 standards series is developed by Technical Committee 12, International Organization of Standardization (ISO/TC12) Quantities and units in co-operation with Technical Committee 25, International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC/TC 25). ISO 80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part 1: General Part 2: Mathematical signs and symbols to be used in the natural sciences and technology Part 3: Space and time Part 4: Mechanics Part 5: Thermodynamics Part 6: Electromagnetism Part 7: Light Part 8: Acoustics Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics Part 11: Characteristic numbers Part 12: Solid state physics Part 13: Information science and technology Part 14: Telebiometrics related to human physiology. '' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :UFO :guid "be3df5fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "UFO1n", "flying saucer1n", "unidentified flying object1n" ; :wordnet "UFO", "flying saucer", "unidentified flying object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all UFOs, unidentified flying objects frequently reported, esp. since 1947, to have been or observed or tracked in the sky and variously explained as being atmospheric phenomena, hallucinations, misperceptions of actual objects, alien spacecraft, etc. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ufo' in WordNet: 1. (1) unidentified flying object, UFO, flying saucer - (an (apparently) flying object whose nature is unknown; especially those considered to have extraterrestrial origins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlyingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unidentified ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :UMLdiagram a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'UMLdiagram' is a 'Diagram' using the formalism of the UML ('Unified Modeling Language') - in any version of UML. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diagram . :UOMPrefix a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'UOMPrefix' precedes and concatenates with some UnitOfMeasure word and functions as a multiplier to form another unit of measure of some defined multiple of the base UnitOfmeasure. The UOMPrefix may be full as 'milli' in 'milligrams' or abbreviated, as 'm' in 'mg'. One can use the Datatype relation 'hasAbbreviation' to point to the abbreviated version of the UOMPrefix. A prefix used with a UnitOfMeasureAbbreviation, to modify the intended magnitude of the unit. For example, 'milli' means that the UnitOfMeasure is one thousand times smaller than the base unit that follows the 'milli', as in 'milligrams'. Such prefixes are commonly abbreviated to be used with abbreviations of the base units; in this case, 'milligram' would be abbreviated as 'mg', with 'm' as the abbreviation of the 'milli' and 'g' as the abbreviation of 'gram', the base unit of mass. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prefix, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnitOfMeasureSymbol ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPartOf ] . :URI a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment "The prefix used in the terms that label a URI." . :URL a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment "The prefix used in the terms that label a URL." . :USA_State :ldoce "state" ; :wnsense "state2n" ; :wordnet "state" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A State of the United States of America. As a GeopoliticalEntity this is both an agent and a GenericLocation. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'state' in WordNet; for non-USA 'states' use ''Province'': in WordNet: 2. (272) state, province - (the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; 'his state is in the deep south') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Government, :StateOrProvince, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; owl:onProperty :isaPrimarySubdivisionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheUnitedStatesArea ; owl:onProperty :isSmallerThan ] . :USAirForceRankType :guid "b77c6604-74b0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "rank" ; :wnsense "rank2n" ; :wordnet "rank" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """The scale of ranks employed by the United States Air Force. This is a collection of attributes that are used with the predicate #$rank-Military. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryRankType . :USAresidents2016 :atTime :DTEG20160701Z-5 ; :hasCardinalityNumber "324000000"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasComponentElement :PatrickCassidy ; :isLocatedAt :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; a :ResidentsAtTime . :USArmyRankType :guid "a0906ed6-74b0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "rank" ; :wnsense "rank2n" ; :wordnet "rank" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """The scale of ranks employed by the United States Army. This is a collection of attributes that are used with the predicate #$rank-Military. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryRankType . :USCity :guid "bd5884c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$City each instance of which is a city, town, or village in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica. Instances of #$USCity include #$CityOfAustinTX, #$CityOfGainesvilleFL, and #$CityOfLongBeachCA.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :City . :USMarine :wnsense "Marine1n", "devil dog1n", "leatherneck1n", "shipboard soldier1n" ; :wordnet "Marine", "devil dog", "leatherneck", "shipboard soldier" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''USMarine'' is a member of the US Marine Corps. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Marine' in WordNet: 1. (1) Marine, devil dog, leatherneck, shipboard soldier - (a member of the United States Marine Corps) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryPerson, :SkilledWorker, :Warrior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MarineCorps ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :USMarinesRankType :guid "ccf8b4ba-74b0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "rank" ; :wnsense "rank2n" ; :wordnet "rank" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """The scale of ranks employed by the United States Marine Corps. This is a collection of attributes that are used with the predicate #$rank-Military.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryRankType . :USNavyRankType :guid "30f91a14-74b0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "rank" ; :wnsense "rank2n" ; :wordnet "rank" ; a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """The scale of ranks employed by the United States Navy. This is a collection of attributes that are used with the predicate #$rank-Military. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryRankType . :USRepresentative :guid "c0a8c7c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "representative" ; :wnsense "congressman1n", "congresswoman1n", "representative3n" ; :wordnet "congressman", "congresswoman", "representative" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of elected officials which serve in the United States House of Representatives. Each state in the nation is represented by a number of representatives proportionate to the state's population. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'representative' in WordNet: 3. (4) congressman, congresswoman, representative - (a member of the United States House of Representatives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectedOfficial, :Legislator, :Representative, :UnitedStatesPerson . :USSR :hasISO3166_Digraph "SU" ; :wnsense "USSR1n" ; :wordnet "USSR" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'USSR' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Soviet Union, Russia, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR - (a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991) """ . :USSenator :en "United States senator" ; :enn "United States senator" ; :guid "bf84795e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "senator1n" ; :wordnet "senator" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of elected officials which serve in the United States Senate. Each state of the nation is represented by two senators. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Senator' in WordNet: 1. (6) senator - (a member of a senate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectedOfficial, :Senator, :UnitedStatesPerson . :USStateGovernment :guid "c10aef00-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "state government1n" ; :wordnet "state government" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of regional governments. An element of #$USStateGovernment is a State government of one of the fifty states of the United States of America. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'state government' in WordNet: 1. (5) state government - (the government of a state in the United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RegionalGovernment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USA_State ; owl:onProperty :isTheGovernmentOf ] . :USStateGovernor :guid "c10af2fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "governor1n" ; :wordnet "governor" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """head of US States. Every US State has one-- usually a new one every 2 to 4 years. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'governor' in WordNet: 1. (9) governor - (the head of a state government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectedOfficial, :StateGovernor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USA_State ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USStateGovernment ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USStateGovernors ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USA_State ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USA_State ; owl:onProperty :isAssociatedWithAgent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GubernatorialElection ; owl:onProperty :roleIsAssumedInEvent ] . :USStateGovernors a :GroupType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''USStateGovernors'' is the Group consisting of all of the governors of the states of the USA. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquivalenceGroup, :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USStateGovernor ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :US_CapitolBuilding :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :WashingtonDC ; :isOwnedBy :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :WashingtonDCArea ; :wnsense "Capitol Building1n", "Capitol2n" ; :wordnet "Capitol", "Capitol Building" ; a :Building ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Capitol Building' in WordNet: 1. Capitol, Capitol Building - (the government building in Washington where the United States Senate and the House of Representatives meet) """ . :US_Mayor :wnsense "city manager1n", "mayor1n" ; :wordnet "city manager", "mayor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''US_Mayor'' is ''Mayor'' of ''USCity'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mayor' in WordNet: 1. (9) mayor, city manager - (the head of a city government) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mayor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :USCity ; owl:onProperty :isTheLeaderOf ] . :US_MinorOutlyingIslands a :Country . :US_PostOffice :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; a :CodingAuthority, :GovernmentalOrganization . :Ubermensch :wnsense "Ubermensch1n", "demigod1n", "superman1n" ; :wordnet "Ubermensch", "demigod", "superman" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Ubermensch'' ('superman') is not the comic-book character, but the generic ''Person'' who has extraordinary capabilities of some kind. The term 'Ubermensch' comes from Nietzsche: RHW 'superman': 2. an ideal superior being conceived by Nietzsche who attains happiness, dominance, and creativity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'superman' in WordNet: 1. demigod, superman, Ubermensch - (a person with great powers and abilities) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Leader . :Ubiquitous :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingPresent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BeingInaPlace ; :wnsense "omnipresent1adj", "ubiquitous1adj" ; :wordnet "omnipresent", "ubiquitous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ubiquitous'' is a subattribute of ''Present-NotAbsent'' characterizing things that are present in many dfferent places. The literal meaning of being present 'everywhere' is seldom intended when that word is used, other than for God. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ubiquitous' in Wordnet: 1. (1) omnipresent, ubiquitous - (being present everywhere at once) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Present-NotAbsent . :Udder :wnsense "bag8n", "udder1n" ; :wordnet "bag", "udder" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'udder' in WordNet: 1. udder, bag - (mammary gland of bovids (cows and sheep and goats)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dug, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bovid ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Uganda :hasISO3166_Digraph "UG" ; :wnsense "Uganda1n" ; :wordnet "Uganda" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Uganda' in Wordnet: 1. Uganda, Republic of Uganda - (a landlocked republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1962) """ . :Ugly :isMoreIntenseThan :Unattractive ; :ldoce "ugly" ; :wnsense "ugly1adj" ; :wordnet "ugly" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Ugly' is an AttributeValue of an object or event that causes strong displeasure when observing the object or event. The WordNet sense is not restricted to visual observation, so this may also apply to other perceivable things, such as sounds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ugly' in WordNet: 1. (3) ugly - (displeasing to the senses; 'an ugly face'; 'ugly furniture') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractivenessValue . :Uh :en "uh", "um" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uh'' is the class of ''Interjections'' that sound like the Word 'uh'. Each instance is a low sound used typically as a filler when a Person is trying to think of the right words.. RHW: 1. (used to indicate hesitation, doubt, or a pause). Similar to RHW 'um': (used as an expression of doubt, hesitation, deliberation, interest, etc.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WORD_uh ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pause ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Uh-huh :en "uh-huh" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''uh-huh'' is an informal reply that means 'yes', said without enthusiasm. RHW: (used to indicate agreement, confirmation, attentiveness, or general satisfaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WORD_uh-huh ; owl:onProperty :hadInformationTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Answering ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yes ; owl:onProperty :isaSynonymOf ] . :Ukraine :hasISO3166_Digraph "UA" ; :wnsense "Ukraine1n" ; :wordnet "Ukraine" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ukraine' in Wordnet: 1. Ukraine, Ukrayina - (a republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian state which came into existence in the ninth century) """ . :Ukrainian :wasCreatedBy :UkrainianSpeakers ; :wnsense "Ukrainian1n" ; :wordnet "Ukrainian" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Ukrainian' in WordNet: 1. (1) Ukrainian - (the Slavic language spoken in the Ukraine) """ . :UkrainianSpeakers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople . :Ulcer-Object :guid "be6330ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "sore" ; :wnsense "sore1n", "ulcer1n", "ulceration1n" ; :wordnet "sore", "ulcer", "ulceration" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The CYC definition includes only ulceration of the skin. This type includes both external (skin) and internal (e.g. stomach) ulcers. This will probably need differentiation and more detail to be medically realistic. A spot on the surface of the body or on an internal membrane that is sore (sensitive or painful), due to an open infection. This is a PhysicalObject. The dictionaries are not consistent about how a 'sore' is to be defined; we use the Cyc and WordNet definitions. RHW says: Sore (noun) 8. a sore spot or place on the body. Sore (adj): 1. physically painful or sensitive, as a wound, hurt, or diseased part: a sore arm. Is an internal ulcer an injry or aninfection?? Cyc: The collection of open sores on the skin or mucus membranes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ulcer' in WordNet: 1. (4) ulcer, ulceration - (a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue) WN Includes noun sense 1 of 'sore': 1. (1) sore - - (an open skin infection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injury-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Skin :TissueMembrane ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Infection ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sore ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Ulna :guid "c0fb4833-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "elbow bone1n", "ulna1n" ; :wordnet "elbow bone", "ulna" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The #$Collection of all #$ForeArm bones called 'ulna' by the medical profession. Each #$Ulna lies within a #$ForeArm and connects the #$Elbow to the #$Wrist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ulna' in WordNet: 1. ulna, elbow bone - (the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArmBone, :LongBone . :Ultimate :isTheOppositeOf :Intermediate ; :wnsense "ultimate1adj" ; :wordnet "ultimate" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ultimate'' is a subtype of''Impressive'' that can refer to high quality or 'final' in the sense of 'final destiny' - the best goal one can hope for. For 'ultimate' meaning 'last in a series' see ''Final''. Very vague: This may be divided into subsenses - 'best' and 'last' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ultimate' in WordNet: 1. (20) ultimate - (furthest or highest in degree or order; utmost or extreme; 'the ultimate achievement'; 'the ultimate question'; 'man's ultimate destiny'; 'the ultimate insult'; 'one's ultimate goal in life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impressive . :UltraPurifying :wnsense "rectify2v", "refine4v" ; :wordnet "rectify", "refine" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UltraPurifying'' is a form of ''Purifying'' that aims to achieve a final state of high purity (over 99%) of some substance - a highly refined substance. This is used to produce for example 'fine Gold' (99.9% or better). Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'refine' in WordNet: 4. refine, rectify - (reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities; 'refine sugar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Refining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PureSubstance ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :UltraSound :guid "c02c1799-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ultrasound1n" ; :wordnet "ultrasound" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Sound. Each instance of #$UltraSound is a sound wave having a #$Frequency (q.v.) greater than 20,000 cycles per second, a frequency which is above the range of human hearing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ultrasound' in WordNet: 1. ultrasound - (very high frequency sound; used in ultrasonography) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Inaudible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :UltramarineColor :guid "289223fc-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "ultramarine1adj" ; :wordnet "ultramarine" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ultramarine' in Wordnet: 1. ultramarine - (of a brilliant pure blue to purplish blue color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :UltravioletRadiation :wnsense "ultraviolet illumination1n", "ultraviolet light1n", "ultraviolet radiation1n", "ultraviolet1n" ; :wordnet "ultraviolet", "ultraviolet illumination", "ultraviolet light", "ultraviolet radiation" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ultraviolet radiation' in WordNet: 1. (3) ultraviolet, ultraviolet radiation, ultraviolet light, ultraviolet illumination, UV - (radiation lying in the ultraviolet range; wave lengths shorter than light but longer than X rays) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlackLight . :Umbilical :pertainsTo :UmbilicalCord ; :wnsense "umbilical1n" ; :wordnet "umbilical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'umbilical' in Wordnet: 1. umbilical - (relating to or resembling the umbilicus; 'umbilical cord') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UmbilicalCord :guid "bf27b00c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "umbilical cord1n", "umbilical1n" ; :wordnet "umbilical", "umbilical cord" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all umbilical cords. An instance of this collection is an #$AnatomicalVessel containing two arteries and a vein that attaches a #$Fetus to its #$Placenta. The #$UmbilicalCord is immersed in amniotic fluid, since the #$AmnioticSac surrounds it completely (#$surroundsCompletely). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'umbilical cord' in WordNet: 1. umbilical cord, umbilical - (membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FetusAndPlacenta ; owl:onProperty :connects ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mammal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Umbrella :guid "bd5885c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "umbrella1n" ; :wordnet "umbrella" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mechanical device used for protection against certain elements of nature. NOTE: this is for any umbrella, whether portable or too heavy to carry conveniently. For the common lightweight folding umbrella use subtype ''FoldingUmbrella''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'umbrella' in Wordnet: 1. (2) umbrella - (a lightweight handheld collapsible canopy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :MechanicalDevice, :ProtectiveSystem, :RainGear, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shade ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Umm :en "umm" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Umm'' is an 'interjection'. inserted between words or phrases of a spoken sentence indicating hesitation or unertainty in the speaker about what words to use. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection . :Unable :isTheOppositeOf :Able, :Skilled ; :wnsense "incapable1adj", "unable1adj", "unable2adj" ; :wordnet "incapable", "unable" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective sense 1 of 'unable' in Wordnet: 1. (21) unable - ((usually followed by 'to') not having the necessary means or skill or know-how; 'unable to get to town without a car'; 'unable to obtain funds') 2. (5) unable - ((usually followed by 'to') lacking necessary physical or mental ability; 'dyslexics are unable to learn to read adequately'; 'the sun was unable to melt enough snow') WN adj 'incapable': 1. (4) incapable - ((followed by 'of') lacking capacity or ability; 'incapable of carrying a tune'; 'he is incapable of understanding the matter'; 'incapable of doing the work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnableToFunction a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UnableToFunction' is the attribute of an Object (artifact or natural) that cannot perform its its normal main function. This is general but can be temporary, and can include animals that are unconscious as well as artifacts that are broken, and also includes Devices that are currently not able to function solely because they lack a power source, such as a battery or gasoline. For artifacts unable to function because of some mising or faulty essential component,use ''Inoperable''. Can also be refered to as 'malfunctioning' if a device does something other than what is intended. It does not include artifacts that have all of their normal functions, but cannot perform their normal actions solely because of external conditions, such as a wagon that has no horse to draw it. A Device would be 'UnableToFunction' if it is merely disassembled, but its parts are near to each other and could be assembled quickly. For objects that are more permanently damaged, use one of the subtypes: 'NonFunctional', 'Inoperable', 'Broken', 'Dead' etc. **related concepts** For objects, substances (e.g. medicines), procedures, or legislation that are recommended for a purpose but do not serve that purpose use 'Ineffective' For completed efforts and actions that failed to achieve their intended purpose use 'Ineffectual' (synonym of 'futile'). For people who cannot perform some action with acceptable results, use 'Unskilled' (synonym of 'Incompetent'). For people who fail to perform the job(s) that they are supposed to do, use 'Unproductive' - this does not mean that they cannot do the job, just that they don't do it as well or as often as exopected,perhaps do to lack of effort. For devices that, when intact and used properly, can perform their function, but due to damage or lack of fuel or power cannot, use 'UnableToFunction'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ineffective, :LackingaFunction, :Unable . :UnableToSpeak :wnsense "dumb3adj" ; :wordnet "dumb" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UnableToSpeak'' is the attribute of an Animal or human who is unable to speak for any of various reasons. For an animal the term used is usually 'dumb'. More specific subtypes for humans are expressed using that and other terms. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'dumb' in WordNet: 3. dumb - (lacking the power of human speech; 'dumb animals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnableToFunction . :Unacceptable :isTheOppositeOf :Acceptable ; :wnsense "unacceptable1adj" ; :wordnet "unacceptable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of not being Acceptable. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unacceptable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unacceptable - (not adequate to give satisfaction; 'the coach told his players that defeat was unacceptable') 2. unacceptable - (not acceptable; not welcome; 'a word unacceptable in polite society'; 'an unacceptable violation of personal freedom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Unaccompanied :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :wnsense "unaccompanied1adj" ; :wordnet "unaccompanied" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of a Person who is doing something without another Person participating. 'an uaccompanied minor' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unaccompanied' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unaccompanied - (without accompaniment or companions; 'the soloist sang unaccompanied'; 'it had dramatic energy unaccompanied by an adequate sense of dramatic form'; 'unaccompanied women were excluded') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Independent . :UnalloyedMetal :en "unalloyed metal" ; :enn "unalloyed metal" ; :guid "bd5908f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of tangible stuffs; a subcollection of #$Metal. Every instance of #$UnalloyedMetal is a metal which is also an element, i.e., a substance of unmixed chemical type. Thus, each subcollection of #$UnalloyedMetal is a subcollection of both #$Metal and #$ElementStuff. Examples of #$UnalloyedMetal include #$Gold, #$Iron, #$Uranium, #$Antimony, #$Titanium, and many more.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Metal ; owl:disjointWith :Alloy . :Unambiguous :isTheOppositeOf :Ambiguous ; :wnsense "unambiguous1adj", "unequivocal1adj", "univocal1adj" ; :wordnet "unambiguous", "unequivocal", "univocal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unambiguous'' is an AttributeValue of some ''Phrase'' (A Group of one or more ''Word''s, including words in sign language) Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'unambiguous' in Wordnet (referring only to linguistic phrases): 2. (1) unequivocal, univocal, unambiguous - (admitting of no doubt or misunderstanding; having only one meaning or interpretation and leading to only one conclusion; 'unequivocal evidence'; 'took an unequivocal position'; 'an unequivocal success'; 'an unequivocal promise'; 'an unequivocal (or univocal) statement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unanimous :isAnAttributeValueOf :Deciding-Collectively, :Decision, :GroupOfPeople, :Opinion, :Voting ; :wnsense "consentaneous1adj", "consentient1adj", "unanimous1adj" ; :wordnet "consentaneous", "consentient", "unanimous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unanimous' in Wordnet: 1. (3) consentaneous, consentient, unanimous - (in complete agreement; 'a unanimous decision') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unanimously :isAnAttributeValueOf :Deciding-Collectively, :Decision, :Opinion, :Voting ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Unanimous ; :wnsense "nem con1adv", "nemine contradicente1adv", "solidly1adv", "unanimously1adv" ; :wordnet "nem con", "nemine contradicente", "solidly", "unanimously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unanimously' and adverb sense 1 of 'solidly' in Wordnet: 1. (5) unanimously, nem con, nemine contradicente - (of one mind; without dissent; 'the Senate unanimously approved the bill'; 'we voted unanimously') WN adverb 'solidly': 1. (1) solidly - (as an undiversified whole; 'the unions voted solidly for Roosevelt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Unanswered :isAnAttributeValueOf :Inquirer, :Question ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Answering, :GettingAnAnswer ; :wnsense "unanswered1adj" ; :wordnet "unanswered" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: This sense of 'unanswered' characterizes 'Question''s that did not receive an ''Answer'' or the Person who posed a ''Question' (the ''Inquirer'') and did not receive an answer. The WN sense 'unrequited' would be a different type. @ToDo. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unanswered' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unanswered, unreciprocated, unrequited - (not returned in kind; 'unrequited (unanswered) love') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unarmored :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtifactObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Armor ; :isTheOppositeOf :Armored ; :wnsense "unarmored2adj", "unarmoured2adj" ; :wordnet "unarmored", "unarmoured" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unarmored'' is the attribute of an Object that lacks a covering of ''Armor'' and is therefore more vulnerable to being harmed by weapons directed at it. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unarmored' in Wordnet: 2. unarmored, unarmoured - ((used of persons or things military) without protective armor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unprotected . :UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of UnaryFunctions that map from the Class ConstantQuantity to the Class ConstantQuantity.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :Unattractive :isTheOppositeOf :Attractive ; :wnsense "unattractive1adj" ; :wordnet "unattractive" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unattractive' is an AttributeValue of an object or event that causes mild displeasure when observing the object or event. A more intense value of this AttributeValue is the subtype 'Ugly'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unattractive' in WordNet: 1. (1) unattractive - (lacking beauty or charm; 'as unattractive as most mining regions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractivenessValue . :Unauthorized :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Authorizing ; :wnsense "unauthorised2adj", "unauthorized2adj" ; :wordnet "unauthorised", "unauthorized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unauthorized'' is the attribute of something that did not experience an ''Authorizing'' action. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unauthorized' in Wordnet: 2. unauthorized, unauthorised, wildcat - (without official authorization; 'an unauthorized strike'; 'wildcat work stoppage') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approved . :Unavailable :isTheOppositeOf :Available ; :wnsense "unavailable1adj" ; :wordnet "unavailable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unavailable'' is the attribute of some Resource (a Device, substance, money, space to do things) that cannot be used for a purpose because it does not exist, or is too far away to access, or is in use by some other agent. For spaces to do things that are not available for use because they are already being used by another agent, use subtype ''InUse''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unavailable' in Wordnet: 1. (4) unavailable - (not available or accessible or at hand; 'fresh milk was unavailable during the emergency'; 'his secretary said he was unavailable for comment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unavoidable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType :AvoidanceAction ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :AvoidanceAction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Avoidable ; :wnsense "ineluctable1adj", "inescapable1adj", "inevitable1adj", "unavoidable1adj" ; :wordnet "ineluctable", "inescapable", "inevitable", "unavoidable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unavoidable'' characterizes Events that an Agent cannot prevent, no matter how s/he tries. NOTE: The sense of 'inevitable' characterizing some situation that necessarily follows some Event (sense 2 of 'inevitable' in WN) is not included here, but is represented as ''SureToOccur'' (an instance of ''ProbabilityOfOutcome''). Includes adjective sense 1 of 'unavoidable' and sense 1 of 'inevitable' (difference?) in Wordnet: 1. (5) ineluctable, inescapable, unavoidable - (impossible to avoid or evade: 'inescapable conclusion'; 'an ineluctable destiny'; 'an unavoidable accident') WN adj 'inevitable' 1. (5) inevitable - (incapable of being avoided or prevented; 'the inevitable result') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unbalanced :wnsense "imbalanced1adj", "unbalanced1adj" ; :wordnet "imbalanced", "unbalanced" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unbalanced' in Wordnet: 1. unbalanced, imbalanced - (being or thrown out of equilibrium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unbearable :isAnAttributeValueOf :ExcruciatingPain, :ProblemSituation ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Difficulty, :PainOrAche, :Trouble ; :isTheOppositeOf :Bearable ; :wnsense "intolerable1adj", "unbearable1adj", "unendurable1adj" ; :wordnet "intolerable", "unbearable", "unendurable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unbearable' in Wordnet: 1. intolerable, unbearable, unendurable - (incapable of being put up with; 'an intolerable degree of sentimentality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Troublesome . :Unbending :wnsense "straighten out1v", "straighten1v", "unbend1v" ; :wordnet "straighten", "straighten out", "unbend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unbending'' is a ''Straightening'' Action in which some agent straightens an Object that was ''Bent'' from a prior ''Bending'' Action. NOTE: This includes the 'straighten up' referring to posture, as WN sense 1 seems to do, but that should be a separate sense, perhaps a subtype For 'straightening up' a room see ''Tidying'' or ''Organizing''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unbend' andsense 1 of'straighten' in WordNet: 1. (7) straighten, unbend - (straighten up or out; make straight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Straightening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Straight ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bent ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeBefore ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bending ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Unbiased :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Judging ; :isTheOppositeOf :Biased, :Partial ; :wnsense "indifferent8adj", "unbiased1adj", "unbiassed1adj" ; :wordnet "indifferent", "unbiased", "unbiassed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unbiased' in Wordnet: 1. indifferent, unbiased, unbiassed - (characterized by a lack of partiality; 'a properly indifferent jury'; 'an unbiased account of her family problems') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unborn :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :BirthEvent ; :wnsense "unborn1adj" ; :wordnet "unborn" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unborn'' is the attribute of an Animal that has not experienced a ''BirthEvent'', and may or may not yet be conceived and developing. For organisms developing in a mother animal (in an ''Embryonic'' or ''Fetal'' stage of development), use subtype ''InUtero''. This includes theoretcally possible organisms that have not experienced a ''FertilizingaFemaleOrganism'' Event. The term 'yet unborn' is used mostly to refer to all future generations of people, into the distant future, as in 'generations yet unborn'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unborn' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unborn - (not yet brought into existence; 'unborn generations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotYetAlive . :Unbreakable :en "very strong" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :BreakingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Breakable ; :wnsense "unbreakable1adj" ; :wordnet "unbreakable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unbreakable' is the AttributeValue of something that is much less susceptible to be broken than the average object of some class used for comparison; however, this attribute does not mean that the item cannot be broken under any circumstances, just that it is not normally broken in ordinary use. Thus rugged metal cups may be 'unbreakable', but they can be crushed with sufficient force. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'unbreakable' in WordNet: 1. (1) unbreakable - - (impossible to break especially under ordinary usage; 'unbreakable plastic dinnerwear') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tough . :Unburden :wnsense "disburden1v", "unburden2v" ; :wordnet "disburden", "unburden" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Unburden'' is for removing Physical objects that are being borne by some animal (nonhuman or human). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'unburden' in WordNet: 2. unburden, disburden - (take the burden off; remove the burden from; 'unburden the donkey') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Burden ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :Unbuttoning :wnsense "unbutton1v" ; :wordnet "unbutton" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unbuttoning'' is a ''UndoingAction'' in which one or more ''Button''s are removed from their ''ButtonHole''s, to unfasten the fabric pieces that were fastened. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unbutton' in WordNet: 1. unbutton - (undo the buttons of; \"unbutton the shirt\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically, :UndoingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buttoning ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Button ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :FabricObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :Button ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ButtonHole ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Uncastrated :isAnAttributeValueOf :Mammal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Castrating ; :isTheOppositeOf :Castrated ; :wnsense "uncastrated1adj" ; :wordnet "uncastrated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uncastrated'' is an attribute of animals that have not been castrated, such as a ''Stallion'' or 'Ram'' or 'Bull'' and therefore still have their testicles. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncastrated' in Wordnet: 1. uncastrated - (not castrated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Uncensored :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Censoring ; :isTheOppositeOf :Censored ; :wnsense "uncensored1adj" ; :wordnet "uncensored" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncensored' in Wordnet: 1. uncensored - (not subject to censorship; 'uncensored news reports') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Uncertain :wnsense "uncertain2adj" ; :wordnet "uncertain" ; a :MeasureType, :ProbabilityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uncertain'' is a 'VerbalProbability', of some Situation or Proposition that, if taken literally, has a numerical probability of less than 1.0. However, as almost nothing in the real world has a probability of 1.0, this is usually used for propositions that have a probability of less than 0.9. Something with a greater probability would be at least 'likely'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'uncertain' in WordNet: 2. (4) uncertain - (not established beyond doubt; still undecided or unknown; 'an uncertain future'; 'a manuscript of uncertain origin'; 'plans are still uncertain'; 'changes of great if uncertain consequences'; 'without further evidence his story must remain uncertain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possible, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.9"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :Uncertainty :wnsense "incertitude1n", "uncertainty2n" ; :wordnet "incertitude", "uncertainty" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uncertainty'' is a 'DirectedFeeling' (a MentalState) in which an IntelligentAgent has no conviction about which of two or more alternative facts is true or appropriate or best. The *subtype* ''Indecision'' is a feeling of ''Uncertainty'' about which alternative course of action should be taken. This is the Feeling when a Person has *no* level of convictions , positive or negative, about any of the alternatives. When a Person doubts one or more of the alternatives, that Person has a Feeling of ''Doubt', which is a subtype. An even stronger level of ''Doubt'' is ''Disbelief''. NOTE: 'doubt' (included in WN sense 2) is broken out as a subtype in which the agent is not merely uncertain,but considers some fact or possibility to be unlikely. Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'uncertainty' (not including 'doubt' or dubiety or doubtfulness or dubiousness - for those, use subtype ''Doubt') in WordNet: 2. (5) doubt, uncertainty, incertitude, dubiety, doubtfulness, dubiousness - (the state of being unsure of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, :MentalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Conviction ] . :Unchanged :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :BecomingEvent ; :wnsense "unchanged1adj", "unchanged2adj" ; :wordnet "unchanged" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unchanged'' is the attribute of something that *did not* experience a ''BecomingEvent''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unchanged' in Wordnet: 1. (5) unchanged - (not made or become different; 'the causes that produced them have remained unchanged') 2. (1) unaltered, unchanged - (remaining in an original state; 'persisting unaltered through time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unchaperoned :en "unchaperoned" ; :enadj "unchaperoned" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Chaperoned ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unchaperoned'' is a subattribute of ''Unaccompanied'' characterizing a Person (usually a female) who (by some social criterion) should be accompanied by a responsible adult. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unaccompanied . :Uncharged :en "electrically neutral" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ElectricalCharge ; :wnsense "electroneutral1adj", "neutral1adj", "uncharged1adj" ; :wordnet "electroneutral", "neutral", "uncharged" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uncharged'' is the attribute of Objects (macroscopic or microscopic) that are neither ''PositivelyCharged'' nor ''NegativelyCharged''. Specifying that the thing characterized has no net electrical charge (it has no excess of either positive or negative charges) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'neutral' and part of sense 1 of 'uncharged' (*not* referring to batteries) in WordNet: 5. (1) neutral, electroneutral - (having no net electric charge; not electrified) WN adj 'uncharged': 1. (4) uncharged - (of a particle or body or system; having no charge; 'an uncharged particle'; 'an uncharged battery') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unclassified :guid "edad9d84-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Classified ; :wnsense "unclassified1adj" ; :wordnet "unclassified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Unclassified is the attribute anything has if it is unclassified. This attribute is normally associated with documents, computers, or physical facilities. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unclassified' in Wordnet: 1. unclassified - (not subject to a security classification) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Uncle :ldoce "uncle" ; :wnsense "uncle1n" ; :wordnet "uncle" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The brother of a Mother or Father, or the husband of an Aunt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uncle' in WordNet: 1. (6) uncle - (the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalRelation, :MalePerson . :Unclear :isTheOppositeOf :Clear ; :wnsense "unclear2adj" ; :wordnet "unclear" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions which are *not* easy to understand. .This is an EvaluativeAttribute because texts that are incomprehensible to some people may be easy for others to understand. A more intensive sense of ''Unclear'' is represented by the subtype ''DifficultToUnderstand''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unclear' in Wordnet: 2. unclear - (not clear to the mind; 'the law itself was unclear on that point'; 'the reason for their actions is unclear to this day') WN adj 'obscure' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :UnclearAssertion :en "unclear assertion" ; :enn "unclear assertion" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UnclearAssertion'' is an ''Assertion'' whose ''IntendedMeaning'' is not ''Clear'' to the reader/listener. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clear ; owl:onProperty :doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unclear ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unclearness :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Unclear ; :wnsense "unclearness1n" ; :wordnet "unclearness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unclearness' in WordNet: 1. unclearness - (incomprehensibility as a result of not being clear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unclear ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Uncomfortable :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Discomfort ; :isTheOppositeOf :Comfortable ; :wnsense "uncomfortable2adj" ; :wordnet "uncomfortable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing ''Discomfort'', i.e. is not experiencing ''Comfort''.. Includes mental and physical discomfort. This is the most general attribute indicating the presence of something causing 'discomfort' - pain or concern. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uncomfortable' in WordNet: 2. (2) uncomfortable - (providing or experiencing physical discomfort; 'an uncomfortable chair'; 'an uncomfortable day in the hot sun') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Uncommunicative :wnsense "incommunicative1adj", "uncommunicative1adj" ; :wordnet "incommunicative", "uncommunicative" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uncommunicative'' is a generic attribute for people who talk to others less often than most people do,fr any reason, or on any topic. There are more specific subattributes. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncommunicative' in Wordnet: 1. uncommunicative, incommunicative - (not inclined to talk or give information or express opinions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Uncomplicated :isTheOppositeOf :Complex ; :ldoce "simple" ; :wnsense "simple1adj", "uncomplicated1adj", "unsophisticated2adj" ; :wordnet "simple", "uncomplicated", "unsophisticated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uncomplicated'' is the most general attribute relating to complexity - for objects (abstract or physical) that do not have multiple parts, problems that do not require much reasoning or effort to solve. See also the The subypes 'Easy' Includes WN adjective sense 1 of 'uncomplicated' and sense 1 of 'simple': in WordNet: 1. uncomplicated, unsophisticated - (lacking complexity; 'small and uncomplicated cars for those really interested in motoring'; 'an unsophisticated machine') WN adj 'simple' 1. (65) simple - - (having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved; 'a simple problem'; 'simple mechanisms'; 'a simple design'; 'a simple substance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Uncomplimentary :isAnAttributeValueOf :Criticism, :Criticizing ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Criticizing ; :wnsense "uncomplimentary2adj" ; :wordnet "uncomplimentary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'uncomplimentary' in Wordnet: 2. uncomplimentary - (tending to (or intended to) detract or disparage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Uncompromising :isAnAttributeValueOf :HardLine, :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfAnAnimalUnlikelyToUndergo :Compromising ; :wnsense "inflexible2adj", "sturdy2adj", "uncompromising1adj" ; :wordnet "inflexible", "sturdy", "uncompromising" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uncompromising'' is the attribute of a ''Person'' who takes a ''HardLine'' on some Policy- which may be a Policy pertaining only to that Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncompromising' in Wordnet: 1. (1) uncompromising, sturdy, inflexible - (not making concessions; 'took an uncompromising stance in the peace talks'; 'uncompromising honesty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Firm-Decisive . :Unconcealed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event, :PhysicalObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :HidingSomething ; :wnsense "unconcealed1adj" ; :wordnet "unconcealed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unconcealed' in Wordnet: 1. unconcealed - (not concealed or hidden; 'her unconcealed hostility poisoned the atmosphere'; 'watched with unconcealed curiosity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unconcern :wnsense "unconcern2n" ; :wordnet "unconcern" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'unconern' in WordNet: 2. unconcern - (a feeling of lack of concern) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectedFeeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Casual ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concern ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ] . :Unconditional :isTheOppositeOf :Conditional ; :wnsense "unconditional1adj", "unconditional3adj" ; :wordnet "unconditional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unconditional'' is an AttributeValue of some Thing that does not depend on any 'condition'(s). Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'unconditional' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unconditional - (not conditional; \"unconditional surrender\") 3. unconditional - (not contingent; not determined or influenced by someone or something else) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unconscious :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Unconsciousness ; :ldoce "senseless" ; :wnsense "insensible4adj", "senseless2adj", "unconscious1adj" ; :wordnet "insensible", "senseless", "unconscious" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that an animal is unconscious, which implies that the animal is alive but not responding to stimulus. - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. There may be several levels of unresponsiveness, some of which might not be technically considered as 'unconscious', but all are included in this type. This differs from 'asleep' in that a person who is asleep can be waken up and will respond in some fashion to stimulus such as speech or being poked or shaken; therefore a person who is merely asleep is still 'Conscious'. Corresponds to adjective sense of 'unconscious' and sense 2 of 'senseless' in WordNet: 1. (5) unconscious - (not conscious; lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception as if asleep or dead; 'lay unconscious on the floor') WN 'senseless': 2. (1) insensible, senseless - - (unresponsive to stimulation; 'he lay insensible where he had fallen'; 'drugged and senseless') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive, :UnableToFunction . :UnconsciousMind :wnsense "unconscious mind1n", "unconscious1n" ; :wordnet "unconscious", "unconscious mind" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''UnconsciousMind'' is the part of the 'Mind' that is not at a particular moment within the conscious thought processes of a Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unconscious mind' in WordNet: 1. unconscious mind, unconscious - (that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mind, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonConscious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unconsciously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :NonConscious, :Unplanned ; :wnsense "unconsciously1adv" ; :wordnet "unconsciously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Unconsciously'' is a variant of ''Unintentionally'' for Actions that were not decided or planned in the conscious mind, but were motivated by habit or intuition or automatic reaction in response to some Event, Mental processes that take place in the ''UnconsciousMind''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unconsciously' in Wordnet: 1. (5) unconsciously - (without awareness; 'she jumped up unconsciously when he entered the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unintentionally . :Unconsciousness :guid "b5720a98-d712-41d6-8321-e5eae62fe653" ; :wnsense "unconsciousness1adj" ; :wordnet "unconsciousness" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unconsciousness' is a PhysiologicalCondition in which an Animal cannot respond to external stimuli other than by automatic responses bypassing the brain. CYC 'StateOfUnconsciousness': This is the collection of all unconscious mental states of animals; it is the state of an animal that is 'Unconscious'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unconsciousness' in Wordnet: 1. unconsciousness - (a state lacking normal awareness of the self or environment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalSituation-SingleSubject, :StaticSituation, :UnconsciousnessOrSleeping . :UnconsciousnessOrSleeping a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UnconsciousnessOrSleeping' is the union of two distinct PhysiologicalConditions.Unconsciousness and SleepingEvent. This was created to serve as part of the definition of 'WakingUp'. It may be removed if the definition of 'WakingUp' is changed or broken into parts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalCondition . :Unconstitutional :violatesRule :Constitution ; :wnsense "unconstitutional1adj" ; :wordnet "unconstitutional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unconstitutional'' is an attribute of an Action of a Governmental agency that is not permitted under the Constitution of the Country in which it occurs. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unconstitutional' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unconstitutional - (not consistent with or according to a constitution; contrary to the U.S. Constitution) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Illegal . :UncontainedLiquidObject a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A LiquidObject that is not inside a container. This can be of a variety of forms, such as a puddle of water, a squirt from a hose or water pistol, a cloud, the raindrops in a rainstorm. Uncontained liquid objects have an unstable shape and may evaporate if volatile.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidObject . :Uncontaminated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :ContaminationEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Contaminated ; :wnsense "uncontaminated2adj" ; :wordnet "uncontaminated" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of objects or substances that are ''Pristine'' in the sense of not having been dirtied or contaminated. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'uncontaminated' in Wordnet: 2. uncontaminated, unpolluted - (free from admixture with noxious elements; clean; 'unpolluted streams'; 'a contaminated lake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pristine . :Uncontrolled :en "out of control" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Rioting ; :isTheOppositeOf :Controlled ; :wnsense "uncontrolled1adj" ; :wordnet "uncontrolled" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uncontrolled'' is an AttributeValue of any Agent whose actions are or appear to be proceeding without control by that agent or by others who might provide control. 'ucontrolled fire'; 'uncontrolled passion'; 'uncontrolled mob' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncontrolled' in Wordnet: 1. uncontrolled - (not being under control; out of control; 'the greatest uncontrolled health problem is AIDS'; 'uncontrolled growth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unconventional :isTheOppositeOf :Conventional ; :wnsense "unconventional2adj" ; :wordnet "unconventional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unconventional' is an AttributeValue of human Behavior that does not follow normal conventions, especially in life style or dress, but can be applied to any non-traditional object or Action. RHW adj 'far-out': (slang) 1. unconventional; offbeat; avant-garde. 2. radical; extreme. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unconventional' and includes sense 1 of 'offbeat' as a subattriute in WordNet: 2. unconventional - (not conventional or conformist; 'unconventional life styles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unusual . :Undecidable :en "undecidable" ; :enadj "undecidable" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposition ; :isTheOppositeOf :Decidable ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Undecidable'' is a mathematical concept characterizing propositions whose logical consistency cannot be determined by a specific logical method RHW 'decidable': 2. Logic. (of an axiom, proposition, etc.) having the property that its consistency or inconsistency with the axioms of a given logical system is determinable. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Undecided :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Indecision ; :wnsense "indefinite2adj", "on the fence1adj", "undecided2adj", "undecided3adj" ; :wordnet "indefinite", "on the fence", "undecided" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Undecided'' is an attribute of a Person who is experiencing ''Indecision'' (= a Feeling) about which course of Action to take (which 'option' to choose). includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'undecided' and part of sense 2 of 'indefinite' in Wordnet: 2. on the fence, undecided - (characterized by indecision; 'some who had been on the fence came out in favor of the plan'; 'too many voters still declare they are undecided') 3. undecided - (not yet having made a commitment; 'undecided voters') WN adj 'indefinite': 2. indefinite - (not decided or not known; 'were indefinite about their plans'; 'plans are indefinite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unsure . :Under :ldoce "under" ; :wnsense "under1adj" ; :wordnet "under" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'under' has several linguistic senses. The sense intended here is spatial location relative to another object. The preposition 'under' is not used as an adjective, but prepositions are not represented in WordNet. The closest WordNet entry is the adjective 'under' sense 1, but this is not the ame meaning. Here only for informative purposes. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'under' in WordNet: 1. (2) nether, under - (located below or beneath something else; 'nether garments'; 'the under parts of a machine') """ . :UnderSurveillance :en "surveilled", "under surveillance" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingUnderSurveillance ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UnderSurveillance'' is an AttributeValue of a Person who is being closely monitored ('surveiled') by by some LawEnforcementOrganization. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Watched . :UnderSuspicion :en "under suspicion" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingSuspected ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :SuspectingaSuspect ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Attribute of a person who is the main object of a ''SuspectingaSuspect'' Action. This is the Attribute of a ''Suspect'' in a criminal investigation. The phrase 'under suspicion' could be used to refer to the attribute 'suspected' (for a Person) or the state 'BeingSuspected''. This type represents the attribute. Hard to tell the difference in normal use. 'he is under suspicion'. Either sense fits. No specific WN entry for this type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suspected . :UnderTheTable :en "behind the scenes", "off the record", "sub rosa", "under the table" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :isTheOppositeOf :PubliclyKnown ; :wnsense "behind-the-scenes1adj", "sub-rosa1adj", "under-the-table1adj" ; :wordnet "behind-the-scenes", "sub-rosa", "under-the-table" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UnderTheTable'' Action is a 'Surreptitious' Action tken to avoid revealing it to authorities of some kind - tax agents or police, or immigration officials, or others who could use the information to harm the ones doing the action. It is often but not necessarily illegal. Giving or taking an ''UnderTheTable'' payment is not necessarily illegal itself, but concealing it from authorities can be illegal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'under the table' in WordNet: 1. sub-rosa, under-the-table, behind-the-scenes - (designed and carried out secretly or confidentially; 'a sub-rosa report'; 'has their under-the-table backing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surreptitious . :UnderWater :en "under the water", "under water", "underwater" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any place outdoors that is under the surface of a BodyOfWater, with enough space for a person to move around in it. NOTE that this is a space, and does not represent the water in that space. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'underwater' in RHW: 'the water beneath the surface: cold currents in the underwater.' There is no noun sense of 'underwater' in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreeSpaceRegion, :OutdoorLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ] . :Underestimate :wnsense "underestimate1n", "underestimation1n", "underrating1n", "underreckoning1n" ; :wordnet "underestimate", "underestimation", "underrating", "underreckoning" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underestimate' in WordNet: 1. underestimate, underestimation, underrating, underreckoning - (an estimation that is too low; an estimate that is less than the true or actual value) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approximation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Underestimating ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedByEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Underestimating ] . :Underestimating :eng "underestimating" ; :wnsense "underestimate1v", "undervalue1v" ; :wordnet "underestimate", "undervalue" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Underestimating'' is an ''Estimating'' that produces an ''Approximation'' (an 'estimate') that is less than the true value. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'underestimate' in WordNet: 1. (1) undervalue, underestimate - (assign too low a value to; \"Don't underestimate the value of this heirloom-you may sell it at a good price\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Estimating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :Underestimate ] . :Undergoing :wnsense "experience1v", "experience2v", "experience3v", "experience4v", "experience5v", "feel1v", "get7v", "go through1v", "have3v", "know5v", "take19v", "undergo1v", "undergo2v", "undergo3v" ; :wordnet "experience", "feel", "get", "go through", "have", "know", "take", "undergo" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """**NOTE on Transitive and Intransitive Events and relations: ** ''Undergoing'' and its subtypes are ''Event''s in which some individual Entity is the Object (semantic 'patient') of some Event or Action - this is an Intransitive Event that *may* be a subEvent of (''mayHaveSubEvent'') some ''ActingOnSomething'' which is usually expressed by a *Transitive* verb, *or* it can be the result of some Event that has no identifiable 'Agent' except perhaps the Thing (semantic 'patient') that is changed itself causing the change. The patient will be said to have 'undergone' some process. An ''Undergoing'' may not cause any change other than to the history of the object - for example, 'exposing' something to radiation may not result in any change other than the fact that the object 'underwent' (experienced) exposure (became 'exposed' to radiation). Such an Event may cause the object to acquire some AttributeValue, and that AttributeValue can be specified by using the relation ''objectHasAttributeAfter'' to relate the Event to the AttributeValue acquired in that Event. Conversely, an AttributeValue acquired as a necessary consequence of some type of event can be related to that EventType by the relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced''. The third type of Event that is related to Transitive and Intransitive Events is a ''PersistentState'' that may be caused by eithr the Transitive or Intransitive Event, or both; such a state can be related to either of those types of Events by the 'causes' relation - the state 'isCausedBy' some Event. Summarizing: ''ActingOnSomething'' - a transitive Event ''Undergoing'' - an Intransitive Event ''PersistentState'' - may be caused by an ''ActingOnSomething'' or an ''Undergoing'. ''objectHasAttributeAfter'' - relates a ''ActingOnSomething'' or a ''Undergoing'' to some AttributeValue that was acquired in that Event ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' - relates an AttributeValue to an EventType that an cause the 'semantic patient' to have that AttributeValue. See property ''mayCauseObjectToBecome'' and to relate such an Event to the Attribute the patient may acquire. Some specialized senses refer to experiences of people: 'to know the pain of ...'. Includes all 3 verb senses of 'undergo' and the five senses of 'experience' in Wordnet: 1. (13) experience, receive, have, get, undergo - (go through (mental or physical states or experiences); 'get an idea'; 'experience vertigo'; 'get nauseous'; 'undergo a strange sensation'; 'The chemical undergoes a sudden change'; 'The fluid undergoes shear'; 'receive injuries'; 'have a feeling') 2. (8) experience, undergo, see, go through - (go or live through; 'We had many trials to go through'; 'he saw action in Viet Nam') 3. (3) take, undergo, submit - (accept or undergo, often unwillingly; 'We took a pay cut') WN verb 'experience': 2. (10) know, experience, live - (have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations; 'I know the feeling!'; 'have you ever known hunger?'; 'I have lived a kind of hell when I was a drug addict'; 'The holocaust survivors have lived a nightmare'; 'I lived through two divorces') 3. (8) experience, receive, have, get, undergo - (go through (mental or physical states or experiences); 'get an idea'; 'experience vertigo'; 'get nauseous'; 'undergo a strange sensation'; 'The chemical undergoes a sudden change'; 'The fluid undergoes shear'; 'receive injuries'; 'have a feeling') 4. (5) feel, experience - (undergo an emotional sensation; 'She felt resentful'; 'He felt regret') 5. (1) have, experience - (undergo; 'The stocks had a fast run-up') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent . :Undergraduate :wnsense "undergrad1n", "undergraduate1n" ; :wordnet "undergrad", "undergraduate" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Undergraduate'' is a Student who is registered for undergraduate studies (as contrasted with graduate studies) some College of University Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'undergraduate' in WordNet: 1. (1) undergraduate, undergrad - (a university student who has not yet received a first degree) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollegeStudent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :College ; owl:onProperty :isStudyingAt ] . :Underground :wnsense "underground1adj" ; :wordnet "underground" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute specifying that an Object is located underground. In Cyc this was the underground location, but in COSMO the underground location is termed 'UndergroundLocation' and 'Underground' is an attribute. Cyc: The collection of instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized that are below the surface of the ground of a particular place. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'underground' in WordNet: 1. (7) belowground, underground - (under the level of the ground; 'belowground storage areas'; 'underground caverns') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :UndergroundLocation :guid "5a56313a-74bf-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'Underground': Cyc: The collection of instances of #$SpatialThing-Localized that are below the surface of the ground of a particular place.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, :SpatialThing-Localized, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Underground ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Underhanded :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :isTheOppositeOf :PubliclyKnown ; :wnsense "sneaky1adj", "underhand2adj", "underhanded1adj" ; :wordnet "sneaky", "underhand", "underhanded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Underhanded' is an attribute of Actions that are ''Surreptitious'' and also Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'underhanded' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sneaky, underhand, underhanded - (marked by deception; 'achieved success in business only by underhand methods') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surreptitious, :Unethical . :Underline :wnsense "underline1n", "underscore1n" ; :wordnet "underline", "underscore" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underline' in WordNet: 1. underscore, underline - (a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextMarking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalCharacter ; owl:onProperty :isDirectlyBelow ] . :Underlying :wnsense "underlying2adj" ; :wordnet "underlying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Underlying'' is an AttributeValue specifing that the thing characterized is under something else and forms at least part of the support for that (Object or Substance) Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'underlying' in WordNet: 2. underlying - (located beneath or below) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnderlyingObject :en "underlying object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''UnderlyingObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' that is uderneath some other ''PhysicalObject'' and may or may not provide substantial support to the object(s) (or substance) above. 'UnderlyingObject''s that do not themselves support the overlying object include, for example, an aquifer under a region of ground. Things that do support theobject above are for example a ''WaterBodyBed'' (lke or Stream). This type requires one to be specific about what lies above the ''UnderlyingObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Underlying ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBelow ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :LocationType :GenericLocation :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Undermining :wnsense "undermine2v" ; :wordnet "undermine" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Undermining'' is for the physical (not psychological) Event in which some portion of ground is removed from under higher ground or a structure above, potentially causing the material above to collapse under gravity into the cavity created. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'undermine' in WordNet: 2. cave, undermine - (hollow out as if making a cave or opening; 'The river was caving the banks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :RemovingPhysically, :Translation-LocationChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soil ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ] . :Underneath :wnsense "underneath2adv" ; :wordnet "underneath" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Underneath'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify phrases or sentences to indicate that the things referenced are 'below' the object modified. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'underneath' in WordNet: 2. underneath - (under or below an object or a surface; at a lower place or level; directly beneath; 'we could see the original painting underneath'; 'a house with a good foundation underneath') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Underpants :wnsense "drawers1n", "shorts2n", "underpants1n" ; :wordnet "drawers", "shorts", "underpants" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Various kinds - panties, boxers, briefs. See 'Victoria's Secret' catalog for more. ;-) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underpants' in Wordnet: 1. underpants - (an undergarment that covers the body from the waist no further than to the thighs; usually worn next to the skin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Underwear . :Underpass :wnsense "subway2n", "underpass1n" ; :wordnet "subway", "underpass" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: this is for pedestrian underpasses under roadways, almost always in the center of a City. For the Roadway that passes under a Roadway, use ''RoadUnderpass''. RHW sense includes both meanings: RHW: a passage running underneath, esp. a passage for pedestrians or vehicles, or both, crossing under a railroad, road, etc. NOTE: 'subway' is chiefly British usage. RHW: 'subway': 2. Chiefly Brit. a short tunnel or underground passageway for pedestrians, automobiles, etc.; underpass. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underpass' in WordNet: 1. underpass, subway - (an underground tunnel or passage enabling pedestrians to cross a road or railway) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tunnel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pedestrian ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :UndersellingTheCompetition :wnsense "undercut1v", "undersell1v" ; :wordnet "undercut", "undersell" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''UndersellingTheCompetition'' is the action of a merchant who offers to sell a product at a price less than some competing merchants). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'undersell' in WordNet: 1. undersell, undercut - (sell cheaper than one's competition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competing, :Selling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommercialCompetition ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Undershirt :wnsense "undershirt1n" ; :wordnet "undershirt" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'undershirt' in Wordnet: 1. (3) singlet, vest, undershirt - (a collarless men's undergarment for the upper part of the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Underwear . :Undershooting :wnsense "undershoot2v" ; :wordnet "undershoot" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Undershooting'' is a ''ShootingAtSomething'' that did not succeed (missed the ''Target'') because the aim was too low, resulting in the Projectile going under the Target or falling before the Target (from the perspective of the shooter). Contrasts with ''Overshooting''. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'undershoot' in WordNet: 2. undershoot - (shoot short of or below (a target)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MissingaTarget, :ShootingAtSomething . :Understandable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Understanding ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :Understanding ; :isTheOppositeOf :DifficultToUnderstand, :Incomprehensible, :Unclear ; :wnsense "apprehensible1n", "comprehendible1adj", "comprehensible1adj", "graspable1adj", "intelligible1adj", "perceivable2adj", "understandable1adj" ; :wordnet "apprehensible", "comprehendible", "comprehensible", "graspable", "intelligible", "perceivable", "understandable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Understandable'' is a subtype of ''Clear'' characterizing texts, Assertions, or propositions which are easy to understand. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'understandable' in Wordnet: 1. (6) apprehensible, intelligible, graspable, perceivable, understandable - (capable of being apprehended or understood) WN adj 'comprehensible': 1. comprehensible, comprehendible - (capable of being comprehended or understood; 'an idea comprehensible to the average mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clear . :Understandably :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Understandable ; :wnsense "clearly2adv", "intelligibly1adv", "understandably1adv" ; :wordnet "clearly", "intelligibly", "understandably" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'understandably' in Wordnet: 1. intelligibly, clearly, understandably - (in an intelligible manner; 'the foreigner spoke to us quite intelligibly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Understanding :alwaysCauses :KnowingSomething ; :en "apprehending", "comprehending", "comprehension", "understanding" ; :enn "comprehension" ; :ldoce "understand" ; :wnsense "apprehend1v", "apprehension2n", "compass3v", "comprehend1v", "construe1n", "dig6v", "discernment1n", "get the picture1v", "grasp2v", "grok1v", "interpret1v", "realisation2n", "realise5v", "realise6v", "realization1n", "realize2v", "recognition4n", "savvy1v", "see24v", "see2v", "understand2v", "understanding1n" ; :wordnet "apprehend", "apprehension", "compass", "comprehend", "construe", "dig", "discernment", "get the picture", "grasp", "grok", "interpret", "realisation", "realise", "realization", "realize", "recognition", "savvy", "see", "understand", "understanding" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Understanding'' includes both the proces of getting to understand something and the Action of having that Understanding in the mind. ''Understanding'' is a ''Knowing'' in which a Person not only 'knows' some fact, but also knows how that fact relates to other Facts. 'Understanding' is a MentalEvent in which an IntelligentAgent comes to know (understand) some fact; this is the process of acquiring an understanding (knowledge); the state of knowing something is represented in COSMO as 'KnowingSomething'. Every instance of 'Understanding' is caused by some 'KnowingSomething' and causes some additional state of 'KnowingSomething' that includes the original facts known and how they relate to other facts. . To 'realize' something is essentially the same as this concept. The ''Knowledge'' gained in ''Understanding'' does not have to be true. A deeper degree of ''Understanding'' that does not include the 'coming to an understanding' is the subtype ''UnderstandingaProblem''. NOTE: the term 'comprehension' does not have a directly relate sense but RHW senses 1 and 3 of 'comprehension' are close to this concept: 1. the act or process of comprehending. 3. perception or understanding: His comprehension of physics is amazing for a young student. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'understand', sense 1 of 'comprehend' and sense 2 of 'grasp' and sense 1 of 'realize' in WordNet: 2. (29) understand, realize, realise, see - (perceive (an idea or situation) mentally; 'Now I see!'; 'I just can't see your point'; 'Does she realize how important this decision is?'; 'I don't understand the idea') WN 'grasp': 2. (8) grok, get the picture, comprehend, savvy, dig, grasp, compass, apprehend - (get the meaning of something; 'Do you comprehend the meaning of this letter?') WN noun 'understanding': 1. (41) understanding, apprehension, discernment, savvy - (the cognitive condition of someone who understands; 'he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect') WN verb 'interpret': 1. (17) interpret, construe, see - (make sense of; assign a meaning to; 'What message do you see in this letter?'; 'How do you interpret his behavior?') WN noun 'realization': 1. (3) realization, realisation, recognition - (coming to understand something clearly and distinctly; 'a growing realization of the risk involved'; 'a sudden recognition of the problem he faced'; 'increasing recognition that diabetes frequently coexists with other chronic diseases') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrictlyMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KnowingSomething ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :KnowingSomething ] . :UnderstandingaPhrase :ldoce "understand" ; :wnsense "interpret6v", "understand11v", "understand3v" ; :wordnet "interpret", "understand" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UnderstandingaPhrase'' is a subtype of 'Understanding' in which a Person grasps the ''Meaning'' of some spoken or written ''Phrase'' (which could be short or long - of any size). NOTE:understanding 'spoken' language includes understanding without being able to hear the spoken hrase, as is done in subtype ''Lipreading''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'understand' in WordNet: 3. (9) understand, read, interpret, translate - (make sense of a language; 'She understands French'; 'Can you read Greek?') WN verb 'read': 1. (117) read - (interpret something that is written or printed; 'read the advertisement'; 'Have you read Salman Rushdie?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrictlyMentalEvent, :Understanding . :UnderstandingaProblem :causes :InferringaProblemSolution ; :wnsense "agnise1v", "agnize1v", "realize1v", "recognise6v", "recognize2v" ; :wordnet "agnise", "agnize", "realize", "recognise", "recognize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UnderstandingaProblem'' is a subtype of 'Understanding' in which the agent has a more than casual grasp of some specific issue and how it relates to other issues, particularly to 'problems' that need to be soved. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'realize' in WordNet: WN verb 'realize': 1. (48) recognize, recognise, realize, realise, agnize, agnise - (be fully aware or cognizant of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StrictlyMentalEvent, :Understanding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InferringaProblemSolution ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :caused ; owl:someValuesFrom :InferringaProblemSolution ] . :Understating :wnsense "downplay1v", "minimise1v", "minimize2v", "understate1v" ; :wordnet "downplay", "minimise", "minimize", "understate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Understating'' is an assertion containing an ''Evaluation'' (an ''Opining'', explicit or implied) that is less or lower (in some respect) than most other people would assert. The characteristic that is asserted or implied to be 'less' is often the importance or significance of the thing described, but could also be the quality or difficulty or any other characterstic that can have degrees of intensity. 'there was no little confusion' 'he was less than generous' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'understate' in WordNet: 1. (2) understate, minimize, minimise, downplay - (represent as less significant or important) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opinion ] . :Underwear :guid "bd58c951-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "underclothes1n", "underclothing1n", "undergarment1n", "underwear1n", "unmentionable1n" ; :wordnet "underclothes", "underclothing", "undergarment", "underwear", "unmentionable" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all undergarments. this represents one item of underwear, and this entry is treated as *singular*, not a collective noun. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'underwear' and sense 1 of 'undergarment' (the parent of 'underwear' in WN) in WordNet: 1. (1) underwear, underclothes, underclothing - (undergarment worn next to the skin and under the outer garments) WN noun 'undergarment': 1. undergarment, unmentionable - (a garment worn under other garments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTouch ] . :Undesirable :isTheOppositeOf :Desirable ; :wnsense "undesirable1adj" ; :wordnet "undesirable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A broad EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated, if obtained, would be of negative value; the opposite of 'Desirable'. In COSMO there is a middle ground between being 'Desirable' and 'Undesirable', so being 'not desirable' is necessary but not a sufficient condition. NOTE that this includes 'unwanted', which does not necessarily mean that the thing thus characterized is of negative value, merely that it is of no net positive value to the evaluating agent. Thus 'Trash' is a collection of Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'undesirable'; note that this implies the parent attribute value 'Unwanted': in WordNet: 1. (2) undesirable - - (not desirable; 'undesirable impurities in steel'; 'legislation excluding undesirable aliens') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :Unwanted . :UndesirableBehavior :wnsense "misbehave1v", "misbehavior1n", "misbehaviour1n", "misconduct1v", "misdeed1n", "misdemean1v" ; :wordnet "misbehave", "misbehavior", "misbehaviour", "misconduct", "misdeed", "misdemean" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UndesirableBehavior'' is a ''MannerOfBehavior'' considered ''Undesirable'' by some Person. Thus this is relative to some Person who is evaluating the Behavior. The agent doing the evauating is pointed to by the relation ''hadAffectedAgent'' - 'affected' in this case can mean being harmed or merely offended, the reason prompting the evaluation of 'Undesirable''. The type of ''UndesirableBehavior'' that violate some formal Rule (e.g. is actually illegal) is represented by subtype ''Wrongdoing''. @ToDo: NOTE: the need to specify an agent doing the evaluating in evaluative states suggests that the attributes ''Undesirable'' and ''Offensive'' and other evaluative attributes need to have a built-in mechanism to include the agent doing the evaluating. Perhaps an Attribute rather than AttributeValue would be more accurate?? FOr a specific elaboration,a relation 'hasOffendedAgent' might be created, but at rev1539 that is postponed to explore other more general solutions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'misbehavior' in WordNet: 1. (3) misbehavior, misbehaviour, misdeed - (improper or wicked or immoral behavior) WN verb 'misbehave': 1. misbehave, misconduct, misdemean - (behave badly; 'The children misbehaved all morning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MannerOfBehavior, :Offending, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undesirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :UndesirableEvent :en "undesirable event" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'UndesirableEvent' is an Event that is considered an UndesirableThing by some Agent. Membership in this category reflects the viewpoint of some Agent.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, :UndesirableThing . :UndesirableSituation :en "undesirable situation" ; :wnsense "annoyance4n", "bother2n", "botheration2n", "infliction3n", "nuisance2n", "pain in the ass1n", "pain in the neck1n", "pain in the neck2n", "pain4n", "pain5n" ; :wordnet "annoyance", "bother", "botheration", "infliction", "nuisance", "pain", "pain in the ass", "pain in the neck" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'UndesirableSituation' is any Situation that is ''Undesirable'', i.e. has some aspect(s) that are ''Undesirable'' for any reason to some ''IntelligentAgent''. For situations that are not merely ''Undesirable'' but actually present a risk of some loss, use the subtype ''RiskySituation''. This concept can be labeled as a 'nuisance' or 'annoyance' but includes the more intensive ''RiskySituation'' as a subtype. There is not WN sense of 'nuisance' specifically for situations, so the sense 2 representing a person is taken as including this concept; here we interpret the WN sense as meaning 'the presence of such a person': in WordNet: 2. pain, pain in the neck, nuisance - (a bothersome annoying person; 'that kid is a terrible pain') WN noun 'annoyance': 4. annoyance, bother, botheration, pain, infliction, pain in the neck, pain in the ass - (something or someone that causes trouble; a source of unhappiness; 'washing dishes was a nuisance before we got a dish washer'; 'a bit of a bother'; 'he's not a friend, he's an infliction') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSituation, :UndesirableThing, :UnwantedThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undesirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Annoyance ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :UndesirableThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """UndesirableThing is a generic class that can be used to label certain types of objects or situations as undesirable, and therefore something to avoid, and therefore something that is salient. The property of being undesirable ('Bad') is relative to some Agent's purposes, and the restriction requires that the Agent to whom something is Undesirable should be specified. Some things may be undesirable to everyone (e.g. illness). @ToDorev1261: NOTE that the parent ''BadThing'' also has the attribute ''Undesirable'' This illustrates the issue that from one point of view, a thing that is 'Bad' is usually Undesirable, but . . . there may be degrees of Undesirable. How to express?? This thing should be *very* undesirable? Or, things that are ''Bad'' may be balanced by Good aspects, and therefore not ''Unesirable''??? NOTE that being undesirable is not necessarily to be unpleasant. NOTE: an ''UndesirableThing'' is not necessarily an ''UnwantedThing'', as it may be an unavoidable side-effect of something that is more desirable than the ''UndesirableThing'' is Undesirable. The difference is otherwise vague. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undesirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUndesirableTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] ] . :Undesired :isAnAttributeValueOf :Destination, :FutureSituation, :Object, :Quantity ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Undesired'' is the attribute of something not ''Desired''. The difference between this and parent ''Unwanted'' is unclear. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undesired' in Wordnet: 1. undesired, unsought - (not desired; 'an undesired result') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Undesirable, :Unwanted . :Undetected :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Perceiving ; :isTheOppositeOf :Detected ; :wnsense "undetected1n" ; :wordnet "undetected" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undetected' in Wordnet: 1. undetected - (not perceived or discerned; 'they feared some undetected trace of poison'; 'she looked around to be sure her faux pas was undetected') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imperceptible, :Light-NotDark . :Undignified :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Dignity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dignified ; :wnsense "undignified1adj" ; :wordnet "undignified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undignified' in Wordnet: 1. undignified - (lacking dignity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Undisciplined :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Indiscipline ; :isTheOppositeOf :Disciplined ; :wnsense "undisciplined3adj", "ungoverned2adj" ; :wordnet "undisciplined", "ungoverned" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'undisciplined' in Wordnet: 3. undisciplined, ungoverned - (lacking in discipline or control; 'undisciplined behavior'; 'ungoverned youth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Undissolved :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Dissolving ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dissolved ; :wnsense "undissolved1adj" ; :wordnet "undissolved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Undissolved'' is the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' of something that has not experienced a ''Dissolving'' Event. This is usually used for particles of a granular material that has been exposed to some Solven, but not dissolved. Such material could be the paterial remaing from a ''DissolvingSomething'' Action, after some portion of the material has disolved. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undissolved' in Wordnet: 1. (6) undissolved - (retaining a solid form; 'undissolved sugar in the bottom of the cup') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Undocumented :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :LackingProperDocuments ; :wnsense "undocumented1adj" ; :wordnet "undocumented" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undocumented' in Wordnet: 1. undocumented - (lacking necessary documents (as for e.g. permission to live or work in a country); 'undocumented aliens'; 'undocumented tax deductions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :UndoingAction :en "reverse" ; :wnsense "undo1v", "undo2v", "unmake1v" ; :wordnet "undo", "unmake" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UndoingAction'' is a ''DoingSomething'' that reverses the effect of a prior ''BecomingEvent'' (which is not itself necessarily a .''DoingSomething''). No sense of 'reverse' in WN quite captures this concept, but that word can be used to express the meaning. Includes verb senses 1 and art of sense 2 (if the 'chacteristic' is acquired in a ''BecomingEvent'') of 'undo' in Wordnet: 1. (3) undo - (cancel, annul, or reverse an action or its effect; 'I wish I could undo my actions) 2. (1) unmake, undo - (deprive of certain characteristics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :BecomingEvent ] . :Undone :en "not done" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :PerformingSomeAction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Finished ; :wnsense "undone1adj" ; :wordnet "undone" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'undone' in Wordnet: 1. (1) undone - (not done; 'the work could be done or undone and nobody cared') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UndoneTask :en "undone task" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''UndoneTask'' is a ''Task'' that one intends to do or is obligated to do, but has not yet been done. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Task, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undone ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :UndoneTasks a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''UndoneTasks'' is some Group of ''UndoneTask''s that has not yet been done. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :UndoneTask ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Undressed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Undressing ; :wnsense "unappareled1adj", "unattired1adj", "unclad1adj", "undressed2adj", "ungarbed1adj", "ungarmented1adj" ; :wordnet "unappareled", "unattired", "unclad", "undressed", "ungarbed", "ungarmented" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Undressed'' is the attribute of someone not wearing the clothing layer just outside of the underwear - pants and shirt (or blouse), or a dress. An ''Undressed'' Person may have on some underwear, or no clothing at all. @ToDo: it would be useful to have a term for the layer of clothing just above the underwear. Anyone know it? Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'undressed' in Wordnet: 2. unappareled, unattired, unclad, undressed, ungarbed, ungarmented - (having removed clothing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Undressing :en "undressing" ; :guid "bd58c5b5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "discase1v", "disrobe1v", "peel3v", "strip down1v", "strip2v", "uncase1v", "unclothe3v", "undress1n" ; :wordnet "discase", "disrobe", "peel", "strip", "strip down", "uncase", "unclothe", "undress" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Undressing'' is a ''TakingSomethingOff'' where the 'something' is a Person's own clothing, at least the outer clothing, leaving one in underwear, or all of one's clothing, leaving one naked. CYC: When you take your clothes off. See also subevent #$TakingOffAClothingItem. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'undress' in WordNet: 1. (2) undress, discase, uncase, unclothe, strip, strip down, disrobe, peel - (get undressed; 'please don't undress in front of everybody!'; 'She strips in front of strangers every night for a living') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :TakingSomethingOff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :ClothingItem ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Undressed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dressing ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Undulation :wnsense "undulation1n", "wave7n" ; :wordnet "undulation", "wave" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Shape of a surface that is alternately curved in opposite directions as one progresses across the surface, such as on the surface of the ocean on a windy day. The Object having this shape need not be long and thin, as in the ''Curve' of a line. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'undulation' in WordNet: 1. wave, undulation - (an undulating curve) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :ShapedThing, :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wavy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :UnearthingInformation :wnsense "unearth1v" ; :wordnet "unearth" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UnearthingInformation'' is a ''DiscoveryEvent'' in which some Information that was hidden or obscure is learned through an active effort to find it. This is not for scientific research. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unearth' in WordNet: 1. (2) unearth - (bring to light; 'The CIA unearthed a plot to kill the President') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscoveryEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Revelation ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Investigation ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :Uneasiness :en "unease" ; :guid "be01e59e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "disquietude1n", "edginess1n", "inquietude1n", "queasiness2n", "uneasiness1n" ; :wordnet "disquietude", "edginess", "inquietude", "queasiness", "uneasiness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'restlessness manifested as fidgeting is represented by ''Restlessness''. This is for a purely mental state. Includes noun senses 1 and 5 of 'uneasiness' in Wordnet: 1. (2) edginess, uneasiness, inquietude, disquietude - (feelings of anxiety that make you tense and irritable) 5. restlessness, uneasiness, queasiness - (inability to rest or relax or be still) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling . :Uneducated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Educating ; :isTheOppositeOf :Educated ; :wnsense "uneducated1adj" ; :wordnet "uneducated" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uneducated'' is the attribute of a Person that has little or no formal education - someone who did not graduate from high school or its equivalent.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uneducated' in Wordnet: 1. uneducated - (not having a good education) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unemotional :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Unemotionality ; :wnsense "unemotional1adj" ; :wordnet "unemotional" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unemotional'' is an AttributeValue of people who tend to display little emotion - at most times or as a habit. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unemotional' in Wordnet: 1. unemotional - (unsusceptible to or destitute of or showing no emotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unemotionality :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Unemotional ; :wnsense "emotionlessness2n", "unemotionality2n" ; :wordnet "emotionlessness", "unemotionality" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unemotionality'' is the ''Trait'' of people who tend to display little emotion - at most times or as a habit. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'unemotionality' in WordNet: 2. unemotionality, emotionlessness - (absence of emotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unemotional ; owl:onProperty :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Unemployed :doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute :Employed ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Unemployment ; :isTheOppositeOf :Employed ; :wnsense "unemployed1adj" ; :wordnet "unemployed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unemployed'' is the characteristic attribute of a Person who is *not* in a ''JobSituation'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unemployed' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unemployed - (not engaged in a gainful occupation; 'unemployed workers marched on the capital') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alive . :UnemployedPerson :guid "bd588cd7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "unemployed person1n" ; :wordnet "unemployed person" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of persons. Each instance of #$UnemployedPerson is a worker who is unemployed. An unemployed worker is someone who either has worked previously and could still do so (if s/he had a job), or someone who is qualified to work (e.g., a recent graduate) but has not yet worked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unemployed person' in WordNet: 1. unemployed person - (someone who is jobless) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unemployed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unemployment :wnsense "unemployment1n" ; :wordnet "unemployment" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The state of not having employment, i.e. not holding a paid job. being unemployed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unemployment' in WordNet: 1. (3) unemployment - (the state of being unemployed or not having a job; 'unemployment is a serious social evil'; 'the rate of unemployment is an indicator of the health of an economy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isMeasuredBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnemploymentRate ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Employment ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unemployed ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :UnemploymentRate :wnsense "unemployment rate1n" ; :wordnet "unemployment rate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The percentage of members of a population capable of working who are not employed. The method for calculating this number varies by country. Each differently calculated rate can be represented as a subtype of this Type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unemployment rate' in WordNet: 1. unemployment rate - (the percentage of the work force that is unemployed at any given date) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicAttribute . :Unequal :wnsense "unequal1adj", "unequal2adj", "unlike2adj" ; :wordnet "unequal", "unlike" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unequal' is an AttributeValue of a Group no twoof woseelements are ''Equal''. This is used mostly for Pairs of things. This is interpeted as 'Unequal' with respect to some attribute. This is a general sense, not restricting the attribute with respect to which the things are unequal. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unequal' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unlike, unequal - (not equal in amount; 'they distributed unlike (or unequal) sums to the various charities') 2. (1) unequal - (poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unethical :isTheOppositeOf :Ethical ; :wnsense "base4adj", "dishonorable4adj", "dishonourable2adj", "unethical2adj" ; :wordnet "base", "dishonorable", "dishonourable", "unethical" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unethical' is an ''EvaluativeAttribute'' that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated violates some code of ethics. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'unethical' in WordNet: 2. base, dishonorable, dishonourable, immoral, unethical - (not adhering to ethical or moral principles; 'base and unpatriotic motives'; 'a base, degrading way of life'; 'cheating is dishonorable'; 'they considered colonialism immoral'; 'unethical practices in handling public funds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadlyBehaved, :EvaluativeAttribute . :Uneven :isTheOppositeOf :Even, :Flat, :Smooth ; :wnsense "uneven1adj" ; :wordnet "uneven" ; a :TextureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Uneven' is an AttributeValue of a surface that is not smooth or flat, i.e. has multiple perceptible irregularities. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uneven' in WordNet: 1. (4) uneven - (not even or uniform as e.g. in shape or texture; 'an uneven color'; 'uneven ground'; 'uneven margins'; 'wood with an uneven grain\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, :SurfaceAttributeValue . :Uneventful :wnsense "uneventful1adj" ; :wordnet "uneventful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Uneventful' is a qualitative attribute of Events that have no Salient characteristics. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uneventful' in Wordnet: 1. uneventful -- (marked by no noteworthy or significant events; 'an uneventful life'; 'the voyage was pleasant and uneventful'; 'recovery was uneventful') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Routine . :Unexacting :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :SelfConfidence ; :isTheOppositeOf :Finicky ; :wnsense "unexacting1adj" ; :wordnet "unexacting" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Unexacting'' is intnded as the attribute of someone who (in some situation) is not ''Finicky'' or ''Demanding''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unexacting' in Wordnet: 1. unexacting - (not rigorous; 'relaxed and unexacting standards') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assertive . :Unexciting :isTheOppositeOf :Exciting ; :wnsense "unexciting1adj" ; :wordnet "unexciting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unexciting' in Wordnet: 2. unexciting - (not exciting; 'an unexciting novel'; 'lived an unexciting life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dull, :Uninteresting . :Unexpected :wnsense "unexpected1adj" ; :wordnet "unexpected" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unexpected'' the property that of something that is not expected. It may or may not generate a Feeling of ''Surprise'', in which case it would be the subtype ''Surprising''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unexpected' in WordNet: 1. (7) unexpected - (not expected or anticipated; 'unexpected guests'; 'unexpected news') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unexpectedly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Unexpected, :Unforeseen ; :wnsense "out of the blue1adv", "unexpectedly1adv" ; :wordnet "out of the blue", "unexpectedly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unexpectedly'' is an AdverbialModifier that expresses the notion that the Event modified was not 'expected' or 'foreseen' by some Person in the situation in focus. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unexpectedly' in WordNet: 1. (5) unexpectedly, out of the blue - (in a way that was not expected; 'her brother showed up at the wedding out of the blue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :UnexposedFilmCoating :en "unexposed film coating" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''UnexposedFilmCoating'' is a ''PhotosensitiveFilmCoating'' that has not been exposed,, and can be removed (by traditional developers) by the developing process, leaving behind the image reflecting the level (and/or color) of the light focused on that prt of the film. For other types of photosensitive coatings some equivalent process distinguishes the exposed and unexposed components. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhotosensitiveFilmCoating . :Unfairly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Unjust ; :isTheOppositeOf :Justly ; :wnsense "unfairly1adv" ; :wordnet "unfairly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unfairly' in Wordnet: 1. unfairly, below the belt - (in an unfair manner; 'they dealt with him unfairly'; 'their accusations hit below the belt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Unfamiliar :isTheOppositeOf :Familiar ; :wnsense "unfamiliar1adj" ; :wordnet "unfamiliar" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things that are not well known. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unfamiliar' in Wordnet: 1. (4) unfamiliar - (not known or well known; 'a name unfamiliar to most'; 'be alert at night especially in unfamiliar surroundings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unknown . :Unfastening :wnsense "unfasten1v" ; :wordnet "unfasten" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unfastening'' is a ''UndoingAction'' that reverses the effect of a ''Fastening'' Action. This is the transitive Action of causing something to become unfastened. The intransitive sense of 'unfasten' is not yet represented. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unfasten' in WordNet: 1. (1) unfasten - (cause to become undone; 'unfasten your belt') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Fastening ] . :Unfavorable :isTheOppositeOf :Favorable ; :wnsense "unfavorable2adj", "unfavorable3adj", "unfavourable1adj", "unfavourable2adj", "unfavourable3adj" ; :wordnet "unfavorable", "unfavourable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unfavorable'' is an attribute of situations, times, or predictions that are not conducive to the achievement of a person's goals; this is also anattribute of ''Opinion''s that evaluate something as being less than the average quality for that type of thing. These types of 'unfavorable' can be differentiated. Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'unfavorable' in Wordnet: 2. unfavorable, unfavourable - ((of winds or weather) tending to hinder or oppose; 'unfavorable winds') 3. unfavorable, unfavourable - (not favorable; 'made an unfavorable impression'; 'unfavorable reviews') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inauspicious . :UnfavorableOpinion :en "unfavorable opinion" ; :enn "unfavorable opinion" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UnfavorableOpinion'' is an ''Opinion'' that ranks the Evaluated thing as lower than the average rank for that type of thing in that respect. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Opinion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unfavorable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unfirm :isAnAttributeValueOf :AttributeValue, :PhysicalObject, :SituationProcessEventOrState ; :wnsense "shifting3adj", "unfirm3adj" ; :wordnet "shifting", "unfirm" ; a :AdjectiveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unfirm' in Wordnet: 2. shifting, unfirm - ((of soil) unstable; 'shifting sands'; 'unfirm earth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShiftingPosition . :Unfolded :en "unfolded" ; :guid "c44a162e-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Unfolding ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unfolded'' is the attribute of some 'foldable' Object that experienced an ''Unfolding'' and therefore has some part that is visible or more visible than before the unfolding. In CYC This appears to refer to a collapsible Device (one that can undergo ''Collapsing-Folding'') that is unfolded. Those distinctions have not yet (rev1619) been represented. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unfolding :wnsense "unfold3v", "unfold4v" ; :wordnet "unfold" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some PhysicalObject that is folded is reconfigured . This is an ''Action'' so there has to be some agent doing the unfolding. In the case of unfolding of nautally folded things such as protein or DNA, the 'agent' would just be a ''GenericAgent'' that can be interpreted as ''MotherNature'' until more specific force can be identified. This includes intransitive as wel as transifitive senses, and the intransitive sense will be interpreted as 'transitive' with the ''GenericAgent''acting as mentioned above. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unfold' in WordNet: 3. (1) unfold, stretch, stretch out, extend - (extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length; 'Unfold the newspaper'; 'stretch out that piece of cloth'; 'extend the TV antenna') 4. unfold, spread, spread out, open - (spread out or open from a closed or folded state; 'open the map'; 'spread your arms') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElongatingEvent, :UndoingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Folding ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Unforeseeable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo :Foreseeing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Foreseeable ; :wnsense "unforeseeable1adj" ; :wordnet "unforeseeable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unforeseeable' in Wordnet: 1. unforeseeable - (incapable of being anticipated; 'unforeseeable consequences') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unforeseen :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Foreseeing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Foreseeable ; :wnsense "out of the blue1adj", "unanticipated1adj", "unforeseen1adj", "unlooked-for1adj" ; :wordnet "out of the blue", "unanticipated", "unforeseen", "unlooked-for" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unforeseen' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unanticipated, unforeseen, unlooked-for, out of the blue - (not anticipated; 'unanticipated and disconcerting lines of development'- H.W.Glidden; 'unforeseen circumstances'; 'a virtue unlooked-for in people so full of energy'; 'like a bolt out of the blue') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unforgettable :wnsense "unforgettable1adj" ; :wordnet "unforgettable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unforgettable' in Wordnet: 1. (3) unforgettable - (impossible to forget) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Memorable . :Unfortunate :isTheOppositeOf :Fortunate ; :wnsense "unfortunate1adj", "unlucky1adj" ; :wordnet "unfortunate", "unlucky" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of some ''IntentionalAgent'' that has been harmed by an Event (or FunctionalProcess) that may not have occured, or whose outcome might have been beneficial to that agent; the attribute of the Event that was not beneficial to the agent is ''Regrettable''. This is an AttributeValue of 'IntentionalAgent's, not of Events. To refer to an Event as being unlucky for a person or agent, use 'wasUnluckyFor', or the attribute ''Regrettable''.. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'unfortunate' and sense of 'unlucky' in WordNet, but applies only to agents, not to Events: in WordNet: 1. (7) unfortunate - (not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune; 'an unfortunate turn of events'; 'an unfortunate decision'; 'unfortunate investments'; 'an unfortunate night for all concerned') 1. (1) unlucky, luckless - (having or bringing misfortune; 'Friday the 13th is an unlucky date') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentAttributeValue, :Bad . :UnfortunatePerson :wnsense "unfortunate person1n", "unfortunate1n" ; :wordnet "unfortunate", "unfortunate person" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UnfortunatePerson'' is someone who has experienced ''Misfortune''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unfortunate' in WordNet: 1. (1) unfortunate, unfortunate person - (a person who suffers misfortune) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unfortunate ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :UnfriendingaFacebookFriend :en "unfriend" ; :eng "unfriending" ; :env "unfriend" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UnfriendingaFacebookFriend'' is a ''DiscontinuingaSocialRelation'' in which one participant in an ongoing ''FacebookFriendship'' terminates the 'Friend' relation on their page on the Facebook site. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DiscontinuingaSocialRelation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FacebookFriendship ; owl:onProperty :terminatesState ] . :Unfriendly :isTheOppositeOf :Friendly ; :wnsense "unfriendly2adj" ; :wordnet "unfriendly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is not friendly, but is not hostile. A specialization of this type, a more intense degree of unfriendly, is 'Icy-unfriendly' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unfriendly' in WordNet: 2. unfriendly - (not disposed to friendship or friendliness; 'an unfriendly coldness of manner'; 'an unfriendly action to take') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unfulfilled :en "unfulfilled", "unmet" ; :enadj "unfulfilled", "unmet" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Fulfilling ; :isTheOppositeOf :Fulfilled ; :wnsense "unsated1adj", "unsatiated1adj", "unsatisfied1adj" ; :wordnet "unsated", "unsatiated", "unsatisfied" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unfulfilled'' is an AttributeValue of a need or ''Desire'' that was not fulfilled met, satisfied) by any Action (at a certain time point, not necessarily also later). 'unfulfilled' is not in WN in this sense. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'unsatisfied' in Wordnet: 1. unsated, unsatiated, unsatisfied - (not having been satisfied) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unfunny :wnsense "unfunny1adj" ; :wordnet "unfunny" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unfunny' is the attribute of an intended joke or humorous remark that is not considered as funny - perhaps because it is in bad taste, or just not humorous at all. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unfunny' in Wordnet: 1. unfunny - (not funny; especially failing to achieve the intended humor; 'a very unfunny joke') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dull, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InelegantSpeech ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Unhappiness :guid "dcf76076-7433-41d8-82b8-d7360d25a69f" ; :wnsense "unhappiness1n", "unhappiness2n" ; :wordnet "unhappiness" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all amounts of unhappiness that an agent can feel. Notable specializations include #$Sadness and #$Anger. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'unhappiness' in Wordnet: 1. (1) sadness, unhappiness - (emotions experienced when not in a state of well-being) 2. unhappiness - (state characterized by emotions ranging from mild discontentment to deep grief) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalDistress . :Unhappy :isTheOppositeOf :Happy ; :ldoce "unhappy" ; :wnsense "unhappyt1adj" ; :wordnet "unhappy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing Unhappiness. This is the most general of the negative feeling attributes. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unhappy' in WordNet: 1. (6) unhappy - - (experiencing or marked by or causing sadness or sorrow or discontent; 'unhappy over her departure'; 'unhappy with her raise'; 'after the argument they lapsed into an unhappy silence'; 'had an unhappy time at school'; 'the unhappy (or sad) news'; 'he looks so sad') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Unhealthful :wnsense "unhealthful2adj", "unhealthful3adj", "unhealthy2adj", "unhealthy3adj" ; :wordnet "unhealthful", "unhealthy" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unhealthful'' is the attribute of situations, locations, or Actions such as ingesting substances that can cause bodily harm or lead to some ''AilmentCondition''. Includes adjective senses 2 and 3 of 'unhealthful' and sense 3'unhealthy' in Wordnet: 2. unhealthful - (detrimental to good health; 'unhealthful air pollution'; 'unhealthful conditions in old apartments with peeling lead-based paint') 3. insalubrious, unhealthful, unhealthy - (detrimental to health) WN adj 'unhealthy': 3. unhealthy - (not conducive to good health; 'an unhealthy diet of fast foods'; 'an unhealthy climate') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :Unhealthy :isTheOppositeOf :Healthy ; :wnsense "unhealthy1adj" ; :wordnet "unhealthy" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unhealthy'' is the attribute of *not* being ''Healthy'', which can but does not always mean that that Person has an ''AilmentCondition''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unhealthy' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unhealthy - (not in or exhibiting good health in body or mind; 'unhealthy ulcers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VitalityAttributeValue . :Unheard :isAnAttributeValueOf :Sound ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Hearing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Heard ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Heard'' is an AttributeValue of ''Sound''s that were *not* perceived by some Animal (usually a person); this is specific to the Animal of reference, as Sounds heard by one aanimal may be unheard by others. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'heard' in Wordnet: 1. (1) heard - (detected or perceived by the sense of hearing; 'a conversation heard through the wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unhelpful :isTheOppositeOf :Helpful ; :wnsense "unhelpful1adj" ; :wordnet "unhelpful" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unhelpful' is an attribute of people, situations, or events that have not provided assistance or do *not* have potential to assist an agent to achieve its goals - this includes things that actually *impede* the ability to achieve goals (represented by the subtype 'Harmful'). This is an EvaluativeAttribute, relative to a particular agent or to specific goals. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unhelpful' in WordNet: 1. unhelpful - (providing no assistance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :EvaluativeAttribute . :Unhurried :ldoce "slow" ; :wnsense "leisurely1adj", "slow2adj", "unhurried1adj" ; :wordnet "leisurely", "slow", "unhurried" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of an Action that is performed at a slower pace than is usual for that type of Action. The reason for the slowness can be anything - a desire to do a careful job, sheer laziness; but use of this type implies that the same agent is capable of doing the Action more quickly, and has a reason for not doing it quickly. This is a subtype of 'prolonged'. Examples: 'An unhurried visit to the museum'. Contrasts with 'hurried' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unhurried', and sense 1 of 'leisurely' and sense 2 of 'slow' in WordNet: WN 'unhurried' 1. (1) unhurried - (relaxed and leisurely; without hurry or haste; 'people strolling about in an unhurried way'; 'an unhurried walk'; 'spoke in a calm and unhurried voice') WN 'leisurely' 1. easy, easygoing, leisurely - (not hurried or forced; 'an easy walk around the block'; 'at a leisurely (or easygoing) pace') WN 'slow': 2. (3) slow - (at a slow tempo; 'the band played a slow waltz') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventAttributeValue . :Unicorn :guid "be19ff23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "unicorn1n" ; :wordnet "unicorn" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Unicorn'' is a Mythical creature that appears like a white horse with a long single horn growing out of the head. CYC: A mythological creature with the general size and shape of a horse, but with a horn growing out of its forehead. Unicorns are usually white. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unicorn' in Wordnet: 1. unicorn - (an imaginary creature represented as a white horse with a long horn growing from its forehead) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquineAnimal, :HumanScaleObject, :IntelligentAgent, :MythicalThing, :SentientAnimal, :SupernaturalBeing . :Unicycle :guid "be480510-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "monocycle1n", "unicycle1n" ; :wordnet "monocycle", "unicycle" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Unicycle'' is rarely if ever used as a means of transportation, but mostly for entertainment or display of skill. It's hard to keep one's balance on such a Device. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unicycle' in WordNet: 1. unicycle, monocycle - (a vehicle with a single wheel that is driven by pedals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :ManufacturedGoods, :MountableTransporter, :WheeledTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :SupportingWheel ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Unidentified :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Identifying ; :wnsense "anon.1adj", "anonymous1adj", "nameless1adj", "unidentified1adj", "unidentified2adj", "unknown2adj", "unnamed1adj" ; :wordnet "anon.", "anonymous", "nameless", "unidentified", "unknown", "unnamed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unidentified' is an AttributeValue of anything that is known or suspected to exist, but whose identity is not specifically known (at least enough to assign a probability). This will be used to help describe certain values of entities such as 'UnidentifiedAgent' to be used as the filler for required values, such as the owner of ArtifactObjects. NOTE that the term 'anonymous' is usually used to refer to a Person who created some ''ConceptualWork'' but chose not to has his/her name associated with that work. That meaning is included here, but could be logically distinguished. @@ToDo - make 'anonymous separate'. This allows the ontology developer to require values for some relations even where the actual value may not be known. If not known, then a filler that has the prloperty 'Unidentified' can be used, and when the reasoner sees a value that has that property, the reasoner must be programmed so that it does not make the mistake of thinking that all instance of that value are actually identical, e.g. not all books written by 'Anonymous' are written by the same person, etc, etc. The property 'Unidentified' can be used as the signal not to equate instances that have the same label. Includes both senses of 'unidentified' and adj sense 2 of 'unknown' and adjective sense 1 of 'anonymous' in Wordnet: 1. unidentified - (not yet identified; 'an unidentified species'; 'an unidentified witness') 2. nameless, unidentified, unknown, unnamed - (being or having an unknown or unnamed source; 'a poem by an unknown author'; 'corporations responsible to nameless owners'; 'an unnamed donor') WN adjective 'anonymous': 1. (7) anonymous, anon. - (having no known name or identity or known source; 'anonymous authors'; 'anonymous donors'; 'an anonymous gift') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnidentifiedAuthor1 :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; :isTheAuthorOf :WORD_Good ; a :AnonymousAuthor, :UnknownAgent . :UnidentifiedPerson :en "anonymous" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The subtype of People (or groups of people) and who are not specified by name, but may or may not have a specific referent. The subtype ''Anybody'' is an example without a specific referent.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :UnknownAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unidentified ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "-1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMassInGrams ] . :Unified :isAnAttributeValueOf :Whole ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Uniting ; :isTheOppositeOf :Divided, :Separate ; :wnsense "incorporate1adj", "incorporated1adj", "integrated1adj", "merged1adj", "unified1adj" ; :wordnet "incorporate", "incorporated", "integrated", "merged", "unified" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unified'' is an AttributeValue that can characterize anything that can be united (joined, merged) with something else to form a new identifiable unit - which can be almost anything. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unified' in Wordnet: 1. (5) incorporate, incorporated, integrated, merged, unified - (formed or united into a whole) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combined, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Whole ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Uniform :guid "bd58aaa4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "uniform" ; :wnsense "uniform1n" ; :wordnet "uniform" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ClothingOutfit designed to identify people as a member of a certain group. CYC The collection of all standardized clothing items that actors wear for some kind of Scripts that they perform be it for their job or for playing on a sports team, etc.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uniform' in WordNet: 1. (18) uniform - (clothing of distinctive design worn by members of a particular group as a means of identification) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingOutfit . :UniformRange a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A UniformRange is a measure that expresses the distance from the mean that a measurement could be. When measures use a UniformRange they may be expressed, for example as '10 +/- 1 meter', meaning that the measure could fall into the range from 9 to 11 meters. Though not typically described explicitly, such a UniformRange, if it is intended to be interpreted in a distributional manner rather than as meaning that the measure has equal probability of being found at any point in that range, could function as and be converted to a GaussianOneSigma ConfidenceInterval. For example, if a range is given and it implicitly means that there is a 95% probability that the true value will lie inside that range, then the cited number could be interpreted as a Gaussian two sigma value; if the range is intended to mean that 99% of the time the true value will be within the cited range, then the cited value could be interpreted as a three-sigma value, and converted to one-sigma by dividing by three. If, however the range is not intended to represent a Gaussian-like distribution, but merely is a way of saying that the true measure must be somewhere within that range, conversion to a statistical measure will not be possible to do while preserving the meaning of the cited range. For cases where no confidence or statistical values are implied, use of a 'SimpleRange' is suggested..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :ValueRange . :Uniformed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :WearingaUniform ; :wnsense "uniformed1adj" ; :wordnet "uniformed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: when people who usually wear a ''Uniform'' while on the job are not wearing the uniform (e.g. when off-duty or just at home), they are no longer ''Unifored'' but could be referred to as 'out of uniform', especially for Policemen and soldiers. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uniformed' in Wordnet: 1. (3) uniformed - (dressed in a uniform; 'uniformed policemen lined the President's route') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Uniformity :wnsense "uniformity1n" ; :wordnet "uniformity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uniformity'' is a PersistentState in which some Object or Place is 'uniform' in the sense represented by ''OfUniformComposition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uniformity' in WordNet: 1. (2) uniformity - (a condition in which everything is regular and unvarying) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulInaction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OfUniformComposition ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Uniformly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :OfUniformComposition ; :wnsense "uniformly1adv" ; :wordnet "uniformly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uniformly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action and specifies that it occurs in similar manner in Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'uniformly' in Wordnet: 1. (7) uniformly - (in a uniform manner; 'a uniformly bright surface') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Unilateral :isAnAttributeValueOf :PurposefulAction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Multilateral ; :wnsense "one-sided2adj", "unilateral1adj" ; :wordnet "one-sided", "unilateral" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unilateral'' is the property of anything (Object or Action) that is located at or occurs on one side of some object. For 'one-sided' pertaining to Actions performed by one Person, use ''One-Sided'' Corresponds to part (pertaining to Sides of an Object) of adjective sense 1 of 'unilateral' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unilateral, one-sided - (involving only one part or side; 'unilateral paralysis'; 'a unilateral decision') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :UnilateralGetting :en "unilateral getting" ; :enn "unilateral getting" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of Getting that is not part of a Transaction. In other words, any instance of Getting where nothing is given in return. Some examples of UnilateralGetting are: appropriating, commandeering, stealing, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GainingControl . :Unimportant :isTheOppositeOf :Important ; :wnsense "unimportant1adj" ; :wordnet "unimportant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute meaning 'not important'. This is an EvaluativeAttribute - what is Important to some people will be Unimportant to others. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unimportant' and sense 2 of 'negligible' in WordNet: 1. (2) unimportant - (not important; 'a relatively unimportant feature of the system'; 'the question seems unimportant') WN 'negligible': 1. (7) negligible - (so small as to be meaningless; insignificant; 'the effect was negligible') 2. negligible, paltry, trifling - (not worth considering; 'he considered the prize too paltry for the lives it must cost'; 'piffling efforts'; 'a trifling matter') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :UnimportantThing :wnsense "trifle2n", "trifle3n" ; :wordnet "trifle" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anything that has negligable value to *some* cognitive agent. The same thing may be important to a differenet Agent. This is relative to some agent, and is not the same as valueless. Includes senses 2 and 3 of 'trifle' in Wordnet: 2. technicality, trifle, triviality - (a detail that is considered insignificant) 3. triviality, trivia, trifle, small beer - (something of small importance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unimportant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unimpressive :isTheOppositeOf :Impressive ; :wnsense "unimpressive1adj" ; :wordnet "unimpressive" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that asserts that the thing evaluated does not produce an impression on the observer; the thing evaluated could be an Action or an Object, animate or inanimate. in WordNet: 1. (1) unimpressive - (not capable of impressing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Uninfluenced :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :InfluencingAnAgent ; :wnsense "uninfluenced1adj", "unswayed1adj", "untouched2adj" ; :wordnet "uninfluenced", "unswayed", "untouched" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uninfluenced' in Wordnet: 1. uninfluenced, unswayed, untouched - (not influenced or affected; 'stewed in its petty provincialism untouched by the brisk debates that stirred the old world'- V.L.Parrington; 'unswayed by personal considerations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Uninformed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Informing ; :isTheOppositeOf :WellInformed ; :wnsense "uninformed1adj" ; :wordnet "uninformed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute allows one to have *some* information, but not much. For the truly uninformed use subtype ''Clueless''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uninformed' in Wordnet: 1. uninformed - (not informed; lacking in knowledge or information; 'the uninformed public') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Uninhabited :isTheOppositeOf :Populated ; :wnsense "uninhabited1adj" ; :wordnet "uninhabited" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uninhabited'' is the opposite of ''Populated'' - an attribute of Places that have some people residing inside. NOTE that ''Inhabited'' is not restricted to People, whereas ''Populated'' is, so this type is not the opposite of ''Inhabited'', as an ''Inhabited'' place may only have animals living in it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uninhabited' in WordNet: 1. uninhabited - (not having inhabitants; not lived in; 'an uninhabited island'; 'gaping doors of uninhabited houses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inhabited . :Uninsured :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :InsuringSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Insured ; :wnsense "uninsured1adj" ; :wordnet "uninsured" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uninsured'' is a AttributeValue of Things, the damage to or loss of which, will *not* be compensated by an ''InsuranceProvider'' due to absence of an ''InsuranceAgreement'' that covers that type of damage or loss. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uninsured' in Wordnet: 1. uninsured - (not covered by insurance; \"an uninsured motorist\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unintelligible :wnsense "opaque2adj", "unintelligible2adj" ; :wordnet "opaque", "unintelligible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Unintelligible'' is not just ''Unobvious'', it may be very difficult or even impossible to understand. An ''Unintelligible'' assertion may not be incoherent, it may only be expressed in a manner that obscures the meaning. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unintelligible' in Wordnet: 2. opaque, unintelligible - (not clearly understood or expressed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unobvious . :Unintended :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :isTheOppositeOf :Intentional ; :wnsense "unintended1adj", "unintentional3adj", "unplanned2adj", "unwitting1adj" ; :wordnet "unintended", "unintentional", "unplanned", "unwitting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Event that specifies that *no* Agent performed the Action with the purpose of achieving the result expected or accomplished. This contrasts with actions that are 'Intentional', but an 'Unintended' Event need not be directly caused by an agent (though it usually is), but may be caused by some natural phenomenon. The usage is usually for unintended results of the Actions of an agent. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unintended' in WordNet: 1. (1) unintended - (not deliberate) WN adj 'unintentional': 3. unintentional, unplanned, unwitting - (not intentional; 'an unintended slight'; 'an unintentional pun'; 'the offense was unintentional'; 'an unwitting mistake may be overlooked') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unintentionally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Unplanned ; :wnsense "accidentally3adv", "unintentionally1adv" ; :wordnet "accidentally", "unintentionally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unintentionally'' is an AdverbialModifier that is a subtype of ''Accidentally'' characterizing Events that occur as a result of Actions that were performed for some purpose other than the Event that results ''Unintentionally'', which was not intended nor expected to happen as a result of the Action The intended result may or ay not also happen. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unintentionally' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unintentionally, accidentally - (without intention; in an unintentional manner; 'she hit him unintentionally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accidentally . :Uninteresting :wnsense "uninteresting1adj" ; :wordnet "uninteresting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Uninteresting is an attribute of things - events, properties, or objects - that the knowledge engineer thinks need not be considered as important by the system. This can be used as a means of cancelling the 'Salient' attribute, when things that are usually interesting are of no concern for a particular application. In such cases, the system should pay attention to the 'important' things, and may ignore the 'Salient'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ininersting' in WordNet: 1. uninteresting - (arousing no interest or attention or curiosity or excitement; 'a very uninteresting account of her trip') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute ; owl:disjointWith :Important . :Uninterruptedly :en "without interruption" ; :wnsense "constantly3adv", "uninterruptedly1adv" ; :wordnet "constantly", "uninterruptedly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uninterruptedly'' is a more intense form of ''Frequently'', an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Event and specifies that the action is performed without or almost without interruption,over some time interval. For a corresponding rate measure use ''often''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'constantly' and sense 1 of 'uninterruptedly' in WordNet: 1. (1) uninterruptedly - (without interruption; 'this pleasant state of affairs had continued peacefully and uninterruptedly for many years') WN adverb 'constantly': 3. (1) constantly - (without interruption; 'the world is constantly changing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frequently . :Uninvolved :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Detachment ; :wnsense "degage2adj", "detached1adj", "detached2adj", "isolated2adj", "separated1adj", "set-apart1adj", "uninvolved2adj" ; :wordnet "degage", "detached", "isolated", "separated", "set-apart", "uninvolved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uninvolved'' is a form of ''Indifferent'' in which a Person lacks any emotional attachment to the Person(s) or situation about which this attribute applies. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of'detached' in WordNet: 1. (4) degage, detached, uninvolved - (showing lack of emotional involvement; 'adopted a degage pose on the arm of the easy chair'- J.S.Perelman; 'she may be detached or even unfeeling but at least she's not hypocritically effusive'; 'an uninvolved bystander') 2. (2) detached, isolated, separated, set-apart - (being or feeling set or kept apart from others; 'she felt detached from the group'; 'could not remain the isolated figure he had been'- Sherwood Anderson; 'thought of herself as alone and separated from the others'; 'had a set-apart feeling') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Detached, :Indifferent . :UnionOfSets :ldoce "union" ; :wnsense "union8n" ; :wordnet "union" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'SetMathematical' which is the 'union' of two or more other sets - a mathematical/set-theoretical concept. Corresponds to noun sense 8 of 'union' in WordNet: 8. union, sum, join - (a set containing all and only the members of two or more given sets; 'let C be the union of the sets A and B') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SetMathematical . :UnionOrganizer :wnsense "labor organizer1n", "organiser1n", "organizer2n" ; :wordnet "labor organizer", "organiser", "organizer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''UnionOrganizer'' is a ''UnionRepresentative'' who acts to encourage workers to form or join a ''LaborUnion''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'labor organizer' in WordNet: 1. organizer, organiser, labor organizer - (someone who enlists workers to join a union) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnionRepresentative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepresentingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RecruitingUnionMembers ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :UnionRepresentative :en "union rep" ; :wnsense "union representative1n" ; :wordnet "union representative" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''UnionRepresentative'' is a ''Representative'' who interacts with other people on behalf of a ''LaborUnion''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'union representative' in WordNet: 1. union representative - (a representative for a labor union) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Representative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepresentingAnAgent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Unionist :wnsense "trade unionist1n", "union member1n", "unionist1n" ; :wordnet "trade unionist", "union member", "unionist" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Unionist'' is a member of a ''LaborUnion''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unionist' in WordNet: 1. trade unionist, unionist, union member - (a worker who belongs to a trade union) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Worker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LaborUnion ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Unionized :guid "254f8daa-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Unionist ; :wnsense "organised1adj", "organized3adj", "unionised2adj", "unionized2adj" ; :wordnet "organised", "organized", "unionised", "unionized" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of unionized workers. This is an adjective, not a noun as in CYC. NOTE: not to be confused with 'unionized' meaning 'un-ionized', i.e. not being ionized. NOTE: ''Unionized'' is a CYC term that characterizes anyone belonging to a LaborUnion. @ToDO: not yet added is the term for a PlaceOfBusiness that has a LaborUnion representing its workers. Corresponds to *part* of adjective sense 2 of 'unionized' (for those who are members of a LaborUnion, individualy or as a group, but 'unionized shop' would have to be a different sense) in Wordnet: 2. organized, organised, unionized, unionised - (being a member of or formed into a labor union; 'organized labor'; 'unionized workers'; 'a unionized shop') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unionizing :eng "unionizing" ; :wnsense "organise3v", "organize6v", "unionise2v", "unionize2v" ; :wordnet "organise", "organize", "unionise", "unionize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Unionizing'' is a ''FoundingAnOrganization'' Action in which some Group of workers at some business decide to form and successfully form a LaborUnion to represent them. NOTE that a COSMO ''LaborUnion'' can be a 'local' or a larger Organization with multiple local branches. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'unionize' in WordNet: 2. unionize, unionise, organize, organise - (form or join a union; \"The auto workers decided to unionize\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoundingAnOrganization, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LaborUnion ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCreated ] . :Unique :ldoce "singular" ; :wnsense "singular6adj", "unique1adj", "unique3adj" ; :wordnet "singular", "unique" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unique' is a property that can be assigned to something that is the only one of its kind, or the only one with certain properties. This is narrower than the parent 'UniqueInaContext'' in that this attribute should apply over all Real-World contexts - locations or times (up to the present) Includes adjective sense 1 and 3 of 'unique', sense 6 of 'singular' in WordNet: 1. (10) alone, unique, unequaled, unequalled, unparalleled - - (radically distinctive and without equal; 'he is alone in the field of microbiology'; 'this theory is altogether alone in its penetration of the problem'; 'Bach was unique in his handling of counterpoint'; 'craftsmen whose skill is unequaled'; 'unparalleled athletic ability'; 'a breakdown of law unparalleled in our history') 3. singular, unique - - (the single one of its kind; 'a singular example'; 'the unique existing example of Donne's handwriting'; 'a unique copy of an ancient manuscript'; 'certain types of problems have unique solutions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UniqueInaContext . :UniqueID :guid "bd58bb18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COMSO note: a UniqueID is a Identifier that is intended to refer to a unique individual. Unless there is a universal authority who controls such identifiers, it may not in fact be unique. The URI system attempts to serve as unique identifiers, and random guids also serve. Cyc: A specialization of #$IDObject. Each instance of #$UniqueID is an object that can be used as unique identification for a distinct entity. Instances of this collection are typically strings or numbers. Notable specializations of this collection are #$SocialSecurityNumber, #$IPAddress, and #$MedicareNumber.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Identifier . :UniqueIdentifier16 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each UniqueIdentifier16 is an IdentifierString that has exactly 16 characters and must be unique within any given ontology. Making these identifier strings as instances allows the uniqueness to be enforced by an ontology editing tool such as Protege. The basic 16-char identifier string is unformatted. Formatted subtypes might be defined if desired.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IdentifierString, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "16"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasStringLength ] . :UniqueInaContext :ldoce "singular" ; :wnsense "alone4adj", "unequaled1adj", "unequalled1adj", "unique1adj", "unique3adj", "unparalleled1adj" ; :wordnet "alone", "unequaled", "unequalled", "unique", "unparalleled" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UniqueInaContext'' is a property that can be assigned to something that is the only one of its kind, **in some specific context** such as within some spatial region, or within some time frame, or within some Group. 'largest earthquake in recorded history', 'highest peak in North America', 'richest man in China', 'coldest spot on Earth', 'meanest mother on the block', etc. This Attribute will be used to create Roles that are ''UniqueInaContext''. Includes adjective sense 1 and 3 of 'unique', sense 6 of 'singular' in WordNet: 1. (10) alone, unique, unequaled, unequalled, unparalleled - - (radically distinctive and without equal; 'he is alone in the field of microbiology'; 'this theory is altogether alone in its penetration of the problem'; 'Bach was unique in his handling of counterpoint'; 'craftsmen whose skill is unequaled'; 'unparalleled athletic ability'; 'a breakdown of law unparalleled in our history') 3. singular, unique - - (the single one of its kind; 'a singular example'; 'the unique existing example of Donne's handwriting'; 'a unique copy of an ancient manuscript'; 'certain types of problems have unique solutions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HighlyUnusual . :UniqueThingInaContext :en "the highest" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''UniqueThingInaContext'' is the most generic Role for things that are (or are asserted to be) unique in some way in some ontext. This Role serves to allow designating things that have some distinction or distinctive attribute not possessed by others in some context or group. The highest largest, most beautiful - or most of anything, or worst of aything. All can be represented as subtypes of this type and asserte as types for the distinctive thing. The restriction ''inContext'' requires specifying the Context in which the type assigment holds - in what region is it highest? in what country is that person the rchest? In what group of pople is that person the tallest? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :inContext ; owl:someValuesFrom :Context ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UniqueInaContext ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Uniquely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Unique ; :wnsense "unambiguously2adv", "uniquely1adv" ; :wordnet "unambiguously", "uniquely" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uniquely'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify the subject of an Action to express the notion that the subject is the only one that can perform that action. It is use in other ways to characterize adhectives to express a similar concept of uniqueness. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'uniquely' in Wordnet: 1. (4) uniquely, unambiguously - (so as to be unique; 'he could determine uniquely the properties of the compound') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Unison :wnsense "unison1n", "unison2n" ; :wordnet "unison" ; a :AgreementType, :GoalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unison'' is used mostly with the prefix 'in' to create an adverb that characterizes actions that are in some way coordinanted or matching or simultaneous. NOTE: WN sense 2 seems to be equivalent to ''simultaneous', and is included here because this type is not just a variant of 'simultaneous'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unison' in WordNet: 1. unison - (corresponding exactly; 'marching in unison') 2. unison - (occurring together or simultaneously; 'the two spoke in unison') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Agreement . :Unit :ldoce "unit" ; :wnsense "unit2n", "unit3n", "unit5n" ; :wordnet "unit" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Unit' is a composite part of something, having a distinguishable individual identity (not an arbitrary fiat part). This is a broad concept. Includes noun senses 2, 3, and 5 of 'unit' in Wordnet: 2. (16) unit - (an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole; 'the reduced the number of units and installations'; 'the word is a basic linguistic unit') 3. (9) unit, social unit - (an organization regarded as part of a larger social group; 'the coach said the offensive unit did a good job'; 'after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit') 5. (2) unit, building block - (a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else; 'units of nucleic acids') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Part . :UnitOfEnergy a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''UnitOfEnergy'' provides the units in which ''Energy'' is measured. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :UnitOfLength a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses a quantity of linear length or distance, whether straight or curved: meters, miles, feet, yards, fathoms, etc..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :UnitOfMass a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses a quantity of mass: kilograms, grams, pounds, tons, metric tons, ounces, micrograms, etc..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :UnitOfMeasure :guid "bd5880aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "unit" ; :wnsense "unit1n" ; :wordnet "unit" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A standard of measurement for some dimension. For example, the Meter is a UnitOfMeasure for the dimension of length, as is the Inch. There is no intrinsic property of a UnitOfMeasure that makes it primitive or fundamental; rather, a system of units (e.g. SystemeInternationalUnit) defines a set of orthogonal dimensions and assigns units for each. NOTE that each UnitOfMeasure is represented as a 'QuantitativeAttributeValue' which means that it has a Quantifier and a UnitOfMeasure. This convention means that a unit of measure is just *some* instance of measure that is chosen as the 'unit'. This requires that the Quantifier be the number 1, and the UnitOfmeasure be the unit itself. This may seem a bit peculiar, and might be changed if it seems desirable. NOTE; In order to represent 'container full' such as glassful or bottleful ('drank a glass' or 'drank a bottle of') those are considered UnitsOfMeasure, though they may not have precise numberic measure attached. Cyc: A specialization of #$ScalarDenotingFunction (q.v.). Each instance of #$UnitOfMeasure is a function that takes one or two numbers or other #$NumericIntervals as arguments, and returns as value a #$MeasurableQuantity (q.v.), such as a #$Distance or a #$Speed or a #$Volume. If a unit of measure is applied to one number (see #$Number-General) the result is a precise quantity that is a #$ScalarPointValue; if applied to two (different) numbers -- or to one (or two) #$ProperIntervalOnNumberLine(s) -- the result is a closed-interval quantity that is a #$ScalarProperInterval. For example, (#$Meter 5) is the distance five meters and (#$Meter 5 10) is the distance five to ten meters (inclusive) . (A partial exception to the above is the unit-of-measure #$Unity (q.v.), which always returns a #$NumericInterval rather than a #$MeasurableQuantity.) Specializations of #$UnitOfMeasure grouped by what they measure include #$UnitOfTime, #$UnitOfSpeed, and #$UnitOfVolume. Other specializations are #$OneDimensionalUnitOfMeasure, #$MultiDimensionalUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix and #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unit' in WordNet: 1. (34) unit of measurement, unit - (any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange; 'the dollar is the United States unit of currency'; 'a unit of wheat is a bushel'; 'change per unit volume') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity . :UnitOfMeasureSymbol a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'UnitOfMeasureSymbol' is an AbstractSymbol that may be a Word or an abbreviation of a Word, that stands for a UnitOfMeasure. Thus both 'gram' and 'g' are UnitOfMeasureSymbols that represent the mass unit 'gram'. A 'UnitOfMeasureSymbol' may include a prefix, such as in 'kilogram' or the abbregiated equivalent 'kg'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbol . :UnitOfTime :wnsense "time unit1n", "unit of time1n" ; :wordnet "time unit", "unit of time" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any UnitOfMeasure that expresses a quantity of time: minutes, seconds, years, eons, etc.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'time unit' in WordNet: 1. time unit, unit of time - (a unit for measuring time periods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnitOfMeasure . :UnitRatio a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''UnitRatio'' is a Pair (a ''Group'') specifying a UnitOfMeasure and a RealNumber to specify the ratio of the *subject (smaller) UnitOfMeasure to the UnitOfMeasure specified by the 'hasUnit' relation. This can be used to express the assertion that one ''Inch'' is smaller by 12 than one 'foot'. Have entity like 'MillilitersperLiter'? two units and a ratio - three arguments use ''compactedRelation''? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QuantitativeAttributeValue, :Ratio, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :UnitOfMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RealNumber :Quantifier :QuantifierType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ] . :UnitUpAndDownMotion a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """UnitUpAndDownMotion is one cycle of moving up (away from the earth) and down (toward the Earth. It is not necessary to touch the Earth or to wind up in the same position that one started in. Thus an airplane's takeoff and landing would be one UnitUpAndDownMotion; a person raising her arm up and down would be one UnitUpAndDownMotion. A jump, a flip of a coin, throwing something upward and having it land at some distance, firing a mortar and having the shell land, and other up and down motions are included. Not all projectile firing would be included, because some may start at a level or downward angle and continue downward until impact or landing.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventTemporalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :MotionUpward ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEventTemporalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :MotionDownward ] . :United :wnsense "united1adj", "united3adj" ; :wordnet "united" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'United' is an attribute of some Group of entities that have joined to form some larger entity with a distinctive identity of its own. One example of a 'United' entity is a couple who are 'Married'; another example would be a country that was formed by the union of two or more other countries or political entities. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'united' in WordNet: 1. (3) united - (characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity; \"presented a united front\") 3. joined, united - (of or relating to two people who are married to each other) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnitedArabEmirates a :Country . :UnitedKingdom a :Country . :UnitedKingdomArea a :CountryRegion ; rdfs:comment "The physical area of the United Kingdom, including everything in it." . :UnitedKingdomGallon :relatedInternalConcept :UnitedStatesGallon ; :wnsense "Imperial gallon1n", "congius1n", "gallon2n" ; :wordnet "Imperial gallon", "congius", "gallon" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Unit of volume commonly used in the United Kingdom. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Imperial gallon' in WordNet: 2. gallon, Imperial gallon, congius - (a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal to 4 quarts or 4.545 liters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :UnitedSatesSoldier :en "GI" ; :enn "GI" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ ''UnitedSatesSoldier' is a memberof the US ared forces, not usually applied to mebers of theNavy or AirForce. RHW 'GI': 1. a member or former member of the U.S. armed forces, esp. an enlisted soldier. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soldier . :UnitedStatesCent :en "cent" ; a :CurrencyUnit ; rdfs:comment "A currency measure. 1 UnitedStatesCent is equal to .01 UnitedStatesDollars." . :UnitedStatesCongress :hasSubOrganization :UnitedStatesSenate ; :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wnsense "Congress1n", "U.S. Congress1n", "US Congress1n", "United States Congress1n" ; :wordnet "Congress", "U.S. Congress", "US Congress", "United States Congress" ; a :Congress ; rdfs:comment """The ''Congress'' of the USA consists of the Senate and the House of Represetatives. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'United States Congress' in WordNet: 1. Congress, United States Congress, U.S. Congress, US Congress - (the legislature of the United States government) """ . :UnitedStatesCopyrightOffice a :GovernmentalOrganization . :UnitedStatesDollar :ldoce "dollar" ; :wnsense "dollar1n" ; :wordnet "dollar" ; a :CurrencyUnit ; rdfs:comment """The unit of currency used in the USA. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'dollar' in WordNet: 1. (23) dollar - (the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents) """ . :UnitedStatesGallon :relatedInternalConcept :UnitedKingdomGallon ; :wnsense "gal1n", "gallon1n" ; :wordnet "gal", "gallon" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Unit of volume commonly used in the United States. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'gallon' in WordNet: 1. (2) gallon, gal - (United States liquid unit equal to 4 quarts or 3.785 liters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VolumeMeasure . :UnitedStatesInhabitants :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :GroupOfPeople ; rdfs:comment """A Group consisting of anyone in the United Stes of America at a particular time.""" . :UnitedStatesNavy :hasRoleFiller :NavalPersonnel ; :wnsense "Navy3n" ; :wordnet "Navy" ; a :Navy ; rdfs:comment """The entire Navy of the USA, as an Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'Navy' in WordNet: 3. United States Navy, US Navy, USN, Navy - (the navy of the United States of America; the agency that maintains and trains and equips combat-ready naval forces) """ . :UnitedStatesOfAmerica :en "America", "USA", "United States of America" ; :has :NewYorkCityNY_USA, :WashingtonDC ; :hasPopulationAtTime :USAresidents2016 ; a :Country . :UnitedStatesPerson :guid "bd58f5ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "American1n" ; :wordnet "American" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$Nationality. Each instance of #$UnitedStatesPerson is a person who is currently among that country's citizens (see the predicate #$citizens), or is a participant in the #$NationalCulture of the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica (see #$UnitedStatesCulture). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'American' in Wordnet: 1. (33) American - (a native or inhabitant of the United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NorthAmericanCitizenOrSubject, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :UnitedStatesPostalService :wnsense "US Postal Service1n", "USPS1n", "United States Postal Service1n" ; :wordnet "US Postal Service", "USPS", "United States Postal Service" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''UnitedStatesPostalService'' is the official government PostalService for the USA. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'United States Postal Service' in WordNet: 1. United States Postal Service, US Postal Service, USPS - (an independent federal agency that provides mail processing and delivery service for individuals and businesses in the United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PostalService . :UnitedStatesPresident :guid "c10052d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "president" ; :wnsense "president2n" ; :wordnet "president" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$UnitedStatesPerson and #$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState. Each instance of #$UnitedStatesPresident is a person who holds the office of President of the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'president' in WordNet: 2. (5) President of the United States, United States President, President, Chief Executive - (the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government; 'the President likes to jog every morning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectedOfficial, :HeadOfGovernment, :InfluentialPerson, :President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState, :UnitedStatesPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; owl:onProperty :of ] . :UnitedStatesSenate :isaSubOrganizationOf :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :wnsense "U.S. Senate1n", "United States Senate1n", "senate2n" ; :wordnet "U.S. Senate", "United States Senate", "senate" ; a :Senate ; rdfs:comment """The ''Senate'' of the USA. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'senate' in Wordnet: 2. (4) United States Senate, U.S. Senate, US Senate, Senate - (the upper house of the United States Congress) """ . :Uniting :en "merging", "unifying", "uniting" ; :ldoce "union", "unite" ; :wnsense "fusion1n", "merge1v", "merger2n", "unification1n", "unification3n", "unify1v", "unify5v", "union11n", "unite2v" ; :wordnet "fusion", "merge", "merger", "unification", "unify", "union", "unite" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which two or more entities with a separate identity cobine to form one entity with its own identity - even if the original entities keep their own identities. For commercial mergers use subtype ''CommercialMerger''. Corresponds to verb senses 2 and 6 of 'unite' and sense 1 of 'merge' and sense 11 of 'union' and sense 1 and 3 of 'unification' and verb senses 1 and 5 of 'unify' in WordNet: 2. (7) unify, unite, merge - (become one; 'Germany unified officially in 1990'; 'Will the two Koreas unify?') 6. unite, unify, merge - (join or combine; 'We merged our resources') WN noun 'union': 11. union, unification, uniting, conjugation, jointure - (the act of making or becoming a single unit; 'the union of opposing factions'; 'he looked forward to the unification of his family for the holidays') WN noun 'unification': 1. (1) fusion, merger, unification - (an occurrence that involves the production of a union) 3. union, unification, uniting, conjugation, jointure - (the act of making or becoming a single unit; 'the union of opposing factions'; 'he looked forward to the unification of his family for the holidays') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Combining . :Universal :isTheOppositeOf :Rare ; :ldoce "universal" ; :wnsense "universal2adj" ; :wordnet "universal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things or attributes that occur in (almost) every instance of some Group of objects or situations. This is not a necessary property, so being 'Universal' does not mean that it is certain that every instance will conform to the universality. This AttributeValue msut include reference to that conceptual component that is in fact Universal ('the color red is universal for fire engines') in order to apply that criterion to all members of a Group. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'universal' in WordNet: 2. universal - (applicable to or common to all members of a group or set; 'the play opened to universal acclaim'; 'rap enjoys universal appeal among teenage boys') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Widespread . :UniversalResourceLocator :wnsense "URL1n" ; :wordnet "URL" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A UniversalResourceLocator (AKA URL) identifies a location in the address space of some computer or computer network, from which an electronic file might be retrieved. NOTE that the existence of a URL does not guarantee that there is actually any file available by accessing that location, let alone guarantee what the content of the file is. A URL may just be used as a unique identifier, without any physical location existing that corresponds to the address. **BUT** when the relation 'isDescribedByBLOBatURL' is used, that *does* mean that there is (or was) actually an addressable physical file (or part of a file) at that location. The absence of such a file would mean that the relation is false. HOWEVER, the existence of the file at a particular location does not mean that the file can be retrieved at any given time (system may be down) or by just any person (permissions may be restricted). Corresponds to sense 1 of 'URL' in WordNet: 1. URL, uniform resource locator, universal resource locator - (the address of a web page on the world wide web) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AddressString . :Universally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Universal ; :wnsense "universally1adv" ; :wordnet "universally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverrb sense 1 of 'universally' in Wordnet: 1. (5) universally - (everywhere; 'people universally agree on this') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :University :guid "bd58e3be-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "university" ; :wnsense "university3n" ; :wordnet "university" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution, #$EducationalOrganization, #$ResearchOrganization, and #$GeographicalAgent. Instances of #$University are educational organizations (whose official names usually, but not always, include the word 'University') at which university-level teaching and research takes place. Some universities comprise multiple colleges and professional schools. Note that this collection includes universities that lie within a more or less local and spatially contiguous campus as well as those that consist of a system of such campuses. Thus both #$UniversityOfTexasAtAustin and its encompassing system (see #$subOrganizations) #$UniversityOfTexas are instances of #$University. SUMO: A School which admits students that have graduated from high school (known as undergraduate students) and students who have received a bachelor's degree (known as graduate students). A University confers both bachelor's and graduate degrees. COSMO note: this is the Organization, not the buildings nor the faculty. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'university' in WordNet: 3. (1) university - (a large and diverse institution of higher learning created to educate for life and for a profession and to grant degrees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CollegeOrGraduateSchool, :GeographicalAgent, :ResearchOrganization . :UniversityOfDublin :isLocatedAt :DublinIreland ; :wasCreatedBy :UniversityOfDublin ; a :University ; rdfs:comment """University located in Dublin, Ireland. See; http://www.tcd.ie/.""" . :UniversitySystem :guid "bd5fedd0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalSystem . :UnixEpoch :hasEndingTimePoint :EndOfTime ; :hasStartingTimePoint :DTGp197001010000 ; a :Epoch . :Unjust :hasAdverbialForm :Unfairly ; :isTheOppositeOf :Just ; :wnsense "inequitable1adj", "unfair2adj", "unjust1adj", "unjust3adj" ; :wordnet "inequitable", "unfair", "unjust" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute of decisions or other actions of a judgmental nature, characterizing the judgments as being biased (as by prejudice or self-interest), and not satisfying the requirements of justice. This includes the meaning 'inequitable' as in an improper distribution of benefits among a group'. This applies to decisions; unfair methods are represented by 'Unfair' in COSMO. This corresponds to all senses 1 and 3 of adjective 'unjust' and sense 1 of 'unfair' in WordNet;for the sense of 'showing favoritism' use ''Partial''. in WordNet: WN 'unjust': 1. (1) unfair, unjust - (not fair; marked by injustice or partiality or deception; 'used unfair methods'; 'it was an unfair trial'; 'took an unfair advantage') 2. unjust - (violating principles of justice; 'unjust punishment'; 'an unjust judge'; 'an unjust accusation') 3. inequitable, unjust - (not equitable or fair; 'the inequitable division of wealth'; 'inequitable taxation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :UnjustThing :ldoce "wrong" ; :wnsense "injustice1n", "wrong1n" ; :wordnet "injustice", "wrong" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any situation that is Unjust; in general usage this can be called a 'wrong'. Something done by one person that is harmful to another person without just cause. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wrong' and includes sense 1 of 'injustice' in WordNet: 1. (3) wrong, wrongfulness - (that which is contrary to the principles of justice or law; 'he feels that you are in the wrong') WN noun 'injustice': 1. (2) injustice, unfairness, iniquity, shabbiness - (an unjust act) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SituationProcessEventOrState, :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :violatesRule ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rule ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unjust ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unkind :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :HarmingAnAgent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Kind ; :wnsense "unkind1adj" ; :wordnet "unkind" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who intentionally does something(s) harmful to others without good reason. This includes inflicting psychological pain. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unkind' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unkind - (lacking kindness; 'a thoughtless and unkind remark'; 'the unkindest cut of all') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadlyBehaved, :FeelingAttribute . :Unknowing :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :KnowingSomething ; :isTheOppositeOf :Cognizant ; :wnsense "ignorant3adj", "incognizant1adj", "unaware1adj", "unknowing1adj", "unknowledgeable1adj", "unwitting3adj" ; :wordnet "ignorant", "incognizant", "unaware", "unknowing", "unknowledgeable", "unwitting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unknowing'' is the attribute of someone who is *not* aware and not ''Cognizant''of some specific fact. Broad lack of knowledge is represented by ''Ignorant''. One who is ''Unknowing'' about some fact may know a lot about a lot of other things, so this is narrowly specific to some topic. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unknowing' in Wordnet: 3. ignorant, unknowledgeable, unknowing, unwitting - (unaware because of a lack of relevant information or knowledge; 'he was completely ignorant of the circumstances'; 'an unknowledgeable assistant'; 'his rudeness was unwitting') WN adjective 'unaware': 1. (8) unaware, incognizant - ((often followed by 'of') not aware; 'seemed unaware of the scrutiny'; 'unaware of the danger they were in'; 'unaware of the newborn hope'; 'the most unaware person I've known') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unknown :isTheOppositeOf :Famous, :Known ; :wnsense "obscure4adj", "unknown4adj" ; :wordnet "obscure", "unknown" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - people, events, objects or situations - that are not widely known. This does not imply that they are necessarily common or are not remarkable; truly remarkable things can be unknown. NOTE: to create an individual that is not known (to the ontologist, or to someone else) create a unique individual that is an instance of a class of that type such as 'UnknownPerson' and give it a unique identifier. See 'UnknownEntity' for more explanation of this tactic. Such individuals will inherit the attribute 'Unidentified', the attribute used to signal the reasoner that the value is unknown (to the data enterer, usually) and must not be equated with any other individual. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'unknown' and 'obscure' in WordNet: 4. (1) obscure, unknown, unsung - (not famous or acclaimed; 'an obscure family'; 'unsung heroes of the war') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, :Salient . :UnknownAgent a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """UnknownAgent is the type whose instance are IntelligentAgents whose identity is not known to the data enterer. There are many such agents, each of which will be an instance of this type. Two UnknownAgents represented in some database may or may not be the same agent, if there is not definitive information to determine identity. The instance 'UnidentifiedAgent' can be used as the filler, where required (as in ownership) for an Agent whose identity is not known. For authors, 'UnidentifiedAuthor' can be used """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :UnknownIndividual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unidentified ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnknownVitalityAttribute ; owl:onProperty :hasVitalityAttribute ] . :UnknownAgent1 :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; a :IntelligentAgent, :UnknownAgent ; rdfs:comment """The Agent who owns the Gur Emir Mausoleum in Samarkand. (Probably the government of Uzbekistan?) One example of an UnknownAgent. New instances of UnknownAgent should be given sequential numbers, if no more distinctive label (definite description) is available. These instances are filler values for the owner when the owner of a valuable thing is not known.""" . :UnknownAgent2 :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; a :UnknownAgent ; rdfs:comment """The second instance of 'UnknownAgent' to be used - for 'TheWorldwideTelephoneSystem'. """ . :UnknownAgent3 :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; a :IntelligentAgent, :UnknownAgent ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'UnknownAgent' rpresenting the originators of any of the world's religions. """ . :UnknownCity :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :UnknownCityRegion ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; a :City . :UnknownCityRegion :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; :isSmallerThan :UnknownCountryRegion ; a :CityRegion . :UnknownCountryRegion a :CountryRegion . :UnknownEvent a :EventType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''Event'' that is not known to some Agent **at some time** because it is in the future, or because that agent has not obtained information about an Event that has in fact occurred. To be meaningful this needs specifying the agent to whom it is unknown and the time at which it is unknown. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :UnknownIndividual a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: to create an individual that is not known (to the ontologist, or to someone else) create a unique individual that is an instance of a class of that type such as 'UnknownPerson' and give it a unique identifier. Each such class will be a subtype of the class 'UnknownIndividual'. Such individuals will inherit the attribute 'Unidentified', the attribute used to signal the reasoner that the value is unknown (to the data enterer, usually) and must not be equated with any other individual. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unidentified ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :IntentionalAgent ; owl:onProperty :isNotKnownTo ] . :UnknownPerson :hasMassInGrams "70000"^^xsd:float ; :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; :hasVitalityAttribute :DeadOrAlive ; a :Person ; rdfs:comment """A filler value for 'Person' when the Person in question is unknown. NOTE that this is not the same as 'Anonymous'. This is indistinguishable from 'UnidentifiedAgent' - duplicative. """ . :UnknownTimePoint :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; a :TimePoint . :UnknownTruthValue :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; a :TruthValue . :UnknownVitalityAttribute :hasQualitativeAttribute :Unidentified ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UnknownVitalityAttribute' is used as a filler for instances where a vitality attribute is required,but is not known. This has the property 'Unidentified' do that a reasoner or preprocessor can avoid inference that all such instances are the same. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnknownIndividual, :VitalityAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unidentified ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unleashing :wnsense "unleash2v" ; :wordnet "unleash" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unleashing'' is a ''ReleasingaHeldObject'' that is literally allowing a leashed animal to go free by unconnecting the leash from the animal (usually a ''Dog''). Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'unleash' in WordNet: 2. (1) unleash - (release from a leash; 'unleash the dogs in the park') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disconnecting, :ReleasingaHeldObject, :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Leash ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LeashingAnAnimal ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Unleavened :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Leavening ; :wnsense "unleavened1adj", "unraised1adj" ; :wordnet "unleavened", "unraised" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unleavened'' is the attribute of a ''Bread'' substance or ''BreadObject'' that has *not* been 'raised' in a ''Leavening'' Event, and is therefore denser than a ''Leavened'' ''BreadObject'' of otherwise identical composition.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unleavened' in Wordnet: 1. unleavened, unraised - (made without leavening; 'unleavened bread is often simply flour mixed with water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unlike :isTheOppositeOf :Similar ; :wnsense "different4adj", "dissimilar1adj", "dissimilar2adj", "dissimilar3adj", "unlike1adj" ; :wordnet "different", "dissimilar", "unlike" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unlike'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue that is used to compare attributes of individuals (including appearance or class or type membership) that are not ''Similar'' - i.e.have noticeable differences. See also instance of 'Adjective' ''different'. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'unlike' and senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'dissimilar' in WordNet: 1. (6) unlike, dissimilar, different - (marked by dissimilarity; 'for twins they are very unlike'; 'people are profoundly different') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unlikely :wnsense "improbable1adj", "improbable2adj", "improbable3adj", "unbelievable2adj", "unlikely1adj", "unlikely2adj", "unlikely3adj" ; :wordnet "improbable", "unbelievable", "unlikely" ; a :MeasureType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unlikely' is a subtype of ''Doubtful'' (a greater-than-zero 'VerbalProbability'), an AttributeValue of some Situation or Proposition that may be true, but probably is not, in some Possible World. This represents a range of numerical probabilities from 0 to 0.30. Because things that are unlikely may not in fact be possible, even the one-in-a-billion lower limit of 'possible' is too high, so this is not a subtype of 'Possible'. If something is possible but unlikely, both attributes can be used, as the ranges overlap, and the overlap will represent the resulting range. Includes all 3 senses of 'unlikely' and all 3 senses of improbable' in WordNet: 1. (6) improbable, unlikely - (not likely to be true or to occur or to have occurred; 'legislation on the question is highly unlikely'; 'an improbable event') 2. (5) unlikely - (has little chance of being the case or coming about; 'an unlikely story'; 'an unlikely candidate for reelection'; 'a butcher is unlikely to preach vegetarianism') 3. improbable, unbelievable, unconvincing, unlikely - (having a probability too low to inspire belief) WN adj 'improbable': 3. improbable, marvelous, marvellous, tall - (too improbable to admit of belief; 'a tall story') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Doubtful, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.49"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :UnlikelyThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UnlikelyThing'' is an Event or Proposition that is considered to be ''Unlikely'' by some IntelligentAgent. An Event of this type may not have happened or may not happen in the future, or the Proposition is likely to be false - (according to the belief of the agent holding this opinion) This should be referenced to some IntelligentAgent - how? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unlikely ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unlimited :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :LimitingAction ; :isTheOppositeOf :Limited ; :wnsense "boundless1adj", "limitless2adj", "limitless3adj", "unbounded1adj", "unlimited1adj" ; :wordnet "boundless", "limitless", "unbounded", "unlimited" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unlimited'' is an AttributeValue of something - such as an attribute, assertion, Action, Right, that has not been subject to some ''Limit'' for internal or external reasons. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unlimited' in Wordnet: 1. (3) unlimited, limitless - (having no limits in range or scope; 'to start with a theory of unlimited freedom is to end up with unlimited despotism'- Philip Rahv; 'the limitless reaches of outer space') WN adj 'boundless': 1. (1) boundless, unbounded, limitless - (seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent; 'unbounded enthusiasm'; 'children with boundless energy'; 'a limitless supply of money') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnloadingSomethingFromaVehicle :CYC "Unloading" ; :eng "unloading" ; :guid "be3ce601-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "offload2v", "unlade1v", "unload2v" ; :wordnet "offload", "unlade", "unload" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UnloadingSomethingFromaVehicle'' is a ''TakingSomethingOff'' where the thing moved is some PhysicalObject (which could be a quantity of liquid pumped from a transport container), moved from a vehicle to some other location,not necessarily its final destination. CYC: A collection of events. An #$Unloading event is one in which an agent purposefully takes something (the #$objectRemoved) out of a container (the #$objectRemaining). This is for some 'Shipment; DischargingaPassenger should be a different sense. orresponds to verb senses 2 of 'unload' in WordNet: 2. unload, unlade, offload - (take the load off (a container or vehicle); 'unload the truck'; 'offload the van') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :TakingSomethingOff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :removes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationServiceEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loading ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Unlocked :isTheOppositeOf :Locked ; :wnsense "unlocked1adj" ; :wordnet "unlocked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: In Cyc, 'OpenAccess' - reinterpreted for COSMO as an AttributeValue. This should be restricted to artifacts that can be secured in some way, or to the 'Lock' that helps secure things.. Cyc: The attribute describing objects to which access is completely open. Kinds of objects with #$OpenAccess include #$Unlocked objects, unencrypted #$InternetCommunication, and unguarded pots of gold. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unlocked' in WordNet: 1. (2) unbarred, unbolted, unlatched, unlocked, unsecured - (not firmly fastened or secured; 'an unbarred door'; 'went through the unlatched gate into the street'; 'an unlocked room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnlockedObject :guid "bff0d4f4-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc, 'OpenAccess'. Cyc: The attribute describing objects to which access is completely open. Kinds of objects with #$OpenAccess include #$Unlocked objects, unencrypted #$InternetCommunication, and unguarded pots of gold.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unlocked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :UnlockingALock :guid "bd590b5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "unlock1v" ; :wordnet "unlock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which a lock is unlocked. Some locks (not all) are opened by a 'Key', thus the restriction, which does not exclude combination locks. For the more specific type of 'Lock' opened with a metal 'Key', use 'UnlockingaKeyedLock'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unlock' in WordNet: 1. (4) unlock - (open the lock of; 'unlock the door') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ChangingDeviceState, :OpeningSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LockingSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Lock ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Locked ; owl:onProperty :hasStateBeforeChange ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unlocked ; owl:onProperty :hasStateAfterChange ] . :UnlockingaKeyedLock :guid "bd590b5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "unlock1v" ; :wordnet "unlock" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all events in which a 'KeyedLock' is unlocked. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unlock' in WordNet: 1. (4) unlock - (open the lock of; 'unlock the door') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnlockingALock, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Key ; owl:onProperty :isEnabledOrAssistedBy ] . :Unloving :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :LovingAnAgent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Loving ; :wnsense "unloving1adj" ; :wordnet "unloving" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unloving' in Wordnet: 1. unloving - (not giving or reciprocating affection) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unsympathetic . :Unmanned :wnsense "remote-controlled1adj", "unmanned1adj" ; :wordnet "remote-controlled", "unmanned" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unmanned'' is the attribute of a vehicle of a type that would normally have a Person present to perform some function but can be operated by remote control. Such vehicles are usually designed to be operated remotely. The sense of 'unmanned' meaning absence of a Person at a post or station that normally requires a Person to be present to observe would be a different sense of that word, not represented here. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unmanned' in Wordnet: 1. unmanned, remote-controlled - (lacking a crew; 'an unmanned satellite to Mars') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue . :UnmannedAircraft :en "unmanned aircraft", "unmanned airplane" ; :guid "bf479b46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$AirTransportationDevices which are designed to travel without human #$driverActor. These craft may be steered by remote control. NOTE:this includes 'aircraft' that aresttered by remote control, so this type is not a subtype of ''Automaton'', which is self-controlled. This also includes ''Weather Balloon''s, which are not steered at all. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirTransportationDevice, :TransportationDevice-Unmanned . :UnmannedVehicle :en "unmanned vehicle" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An UnmannedVehicle is a land, sea, or air conveyance that can perform its transport functions without a person being within the vehicle to direct it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Automaton, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unmanned ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unmarked :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :IdentificationMark ; :wnsense "unmarked1adj" ; :wordnet "unmarked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unmarked'' is a AttributeValue of PhysicalObjects (usually ArtifactObjects) whose surface does not have a visible ''IdentificationMark''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unmarked' in Wordnet: 1. unmarked - (not having an identifying mark; 'unmarked cards'; 'an unmarked police car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unmarried :guid "bf301f48-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Married ; :ldoce "single" ; :wnsense "single4adj", "unmarried1adj" ; :wordnet "single", "unmarried" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unmarried' is an attribute of people who are not currently married - including divorced and widowed persons. CYC 'Single': The attribute of being unmarried (single). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unmarried' and sense 4 of 'single' in WordNet: 1. (2) unmarried, single - - (not married or related to the unmarried state; 'unmarried men and women'; 'unmarried life'; 'sex and the single girl'; 'single parenthood'; 'are you married or single?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unmindful :isTheOppositeOf :Mindful ; :wnsense "forgetful2adj", "mindless3adj", "unmindful1adj" ; :wordnet "forgetful", "mindless", "unmindful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unmindful'' is an Attribute of people who are not paying careful attention to what they are doing, and are thus prone to make some mistake. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unmindful' in Wordnet: 1. unmindful, forgetful, mindless - (not mindful or attentive; 'while thus unmindful of his steps he stumbled'- G.B.Shaw) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unmoved :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :InfluencingAnAgent ; :wnsense "unaffected3adj", "unmoved1adj", "untouched2adj" ; :wordnet "unaffected", "unmoved", "untouched" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unmoved' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unmoved, unaffected, untouched - (emotionally unmoved; 'always appeared completely unmoved and imperturbable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unnatural :wnsense "unnatural1adj" ; :wordnet "unnatural" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Unnatural'' is for things that have some characteristic that does not typically occur 'in nature' without the interventon of people or some rare situation. This can be for things ocurring or being in an unusual location, or having an unusual color, or unusual number or shape of parts, or any other attrbute rarely seen. 'an unnatural pallor'; 'an unnatural number of bears in the area' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unnatural' in Wordnet: 1. (4) unnatural - (not in accordance with or determined by nature; contrary to nature; 'an unnatural death'; 'the child's unnatural interest in death') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unnecessary :isTheOppositeOf :Necessary ; :wnsense "unnecessary1adj", "unneeded1adj" ; :wordnet "unnecessary", "unneeded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unnecessary' is an AttributeValue of objects that are *not* required to perform some action, or of Events (including PersistentStates) that need not occur in order to achieve some Goal. NOTE that this is an EvaluativeAttribute, because what seems unnecessary to one person may seem necessary to another, even if only to achieve a goal that both disagreeing persons believe to be important or desirable. Disagreement on necessity is a common phenomenon in political disagreements. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unnecessary' in WordNet: 1. (5) unnecessary, unneeded - (not necessary) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Unnerving :wnsense "formidable2adj", "redoubtable1adj", "unnerving1adj" ; :wordnet "formidable", "redoubtable", "unnerving" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unnerving'' is a subtype of ''Frightening'' that is caused by the appearance of strength in an adversary or potential damage from an anticipated Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unnerving' in Wordnet: 1. formidable, redoubtable, unnerving - (inspiring fear; 'the formidable prospect of major surgery'; 'a tougher and more redoubtable adversary than the heel-clicking, jackbooted fanatic'- G.H.Johnston; 'something unnerving and prisonlike about high grey wall') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frightening . :Unnoticeable :isTheOppositeOf :Conspicuous ; :wnsense "obscure5adj", "unnoticeable3adj" ; :wordnet "obscure", "unnoticeable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Unnoticeable'' is something ''Inconspicuous'' though noticeable when carefully observed or looked for. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'unnoticeable' in Wordnet: 3. obscure, unnoticeable - (not drawing attention; 'an unnoticeable cigarette burn on the carpet'; 'an obscure flaw') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inconspicuous . :Unnoticed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Noticing ; :wnsense "unnoticed1adj" ; :wordnet "unnoticed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unnoticed' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unnoticed - (not noticed; 'hoped his departure had passed unnoticed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unobtrusive :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :wnsense "unnoticeable1adj", "unobtrusive1adj" ; :wordnet "unnoticeable", "unobtrusive" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unobtrusive'' is the attribute of an ''Action'' that is inconspicuous and does not attract enough attention to distract a Person from other Activities. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unobtrusive' in Wordnet: 1. unobtrusive, unnoticeable - (not obtrusive or undesirably noticeable; 'a quiet, unobtrusive life of self-denial') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inconspicuous . :Unobvious :isTheOppositeOf :Obvious ; :wnsense "unobvious1adj" ; :wordnet "unobvious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unobvious'' is the opposite of ''Obvious'' - the quality of a fact or assertion that is not eas to see,not immediately apparent to most people considering the issue. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unobvious' in Wordnet: 1. unobvious - (not immediately apparent; 'in mathematical science connections are exhibited which...are extremely unobvious'- A.N.Whitehead) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Subtle . :Unoccupied :en "not in use" ; :isTheOppositeOf :InUse ; :wnsense "free4adj", "unoccupied1adj" ; :wordnet "free", "unoccupied" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Unoccupied an attribute of a Device that is available for use because it is *not* being used already. This includes seats and other spaces provided by artifacts that are unoccupied, as well as devices that have a capacity that is not filled. 'unoccupied' and 'free' are both used as opposites of 'occupied' or 'in use'. ('Zimmer frei'). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unoccupied' and sense 4 of 'free' in WordNet: 1. (2) unoccupied - (not held or filled or in use; 'an unoccupied telephone booth'; 'unoccupied hours') WN adj 'free': 4. (3) free - (not occupied or in use; 'a free locker'; 'a free lane') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Available . :Unofficial :isTheOppositeOf :Official ; :wnsense "unofficial1adj" ; :wordnet "unofficial" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unofficial' in Wordnet: 1. (3) unofficial - (not having official authority or sanction; 'a sort of unofficial mayor'; 'an unofficial estimate'; 'he participated in an unofficial capacity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unordered :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Disordering ; :isTheOppositeOf :Ordered ; :wnsense "disordered3adj", "unordered1adj" ; :wordnet "disordered", "unordered" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unordered'' is an Attribute of Groups (of any kind) that have no significant internal ordering or arrangement. Such groups may nevertheless be produced by an intentional process such as 'duming' of garbage,but that process will not be performed with the care and intention required to produce an ''Organized'' or ''Ordered'' group.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unordered' in Wordnet: 1. disordered, unordered - (not arranged in order) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unorganized :isTheOppositeOf :Organized ; :wnsense "unorganized1adj" ; :wordnet "unorganized" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unorganized'' is an Attribute of Groups (of any kind) that have no significant internal ordering or arrangement. Such groups may nevertheless be produced by an intentional process such as 'duming' of garbage,but that process will not be performed with the care and intention required to produce an ''Organized'' or ''Ordered'' group.. Closest adjective sense 1 (not exactly identical) of 'unorganized' in WordNet is sense 1: in Wordnet: 1. unorganized, unorganised - (not having or belonging to a structured whole; 'unorganized territories lack a formal government') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unoriginal :wnsense "unoriginal1adj" ; :wordnet "unoriginal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unoriginal'' can characterize a Person or some Artifact produced by Person, such as a ''CreativeWork'' (Poem, Music, Art work, Literary work), or a theory that does not exhibit some new ideas. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unoriginal' in Wordnet: 1. unoriginal - (not original; not being or productive of something fresh and unusual; 'the manuscript contained unoriginal emendations'; 'his life had been unoriginal, conforming completely to the given pattern'- Gwethalyn Graham) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unoriginality :wnsense "unoriginality2n" ; :wordnet "unoriginality" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'unoriginality' in WordNet: 2. unoriginality - (the quality of being unoriginal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unoriginal ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Unorthodox :isTheOppositeOf :Orthodox ; :wnsense "unorthodox2adj" ; :wordnet "unorthodox" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unorthodox'' is the opposite of ''Orthodox'' characterizing beliefs or practices that differ from the most common and widely accepted. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unorthodox' in Wordnet: 2. (1) unorthodox - (breaking with convention or tradition; 'an unorthodox lifestyle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonConforming, :Unusual . :Unpacked :en "unpacked" ; :enadj "unpacked" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Contents, :Package ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Compressing, :Unpacking ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unpacked'' is the attribute of some ''Package'' that experienced ''Unpacking'', or of the ''Contenst'' of that package,after the ''Unpacking''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unpacking :reversesTheEffectOf :Packing ; :wnsense "take out2v", "unpack1v" ; :wordnet "take out", "unpack" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unpacking'' is the Action of removing a PhysicalObject from a ''Package''. This includes a 'wrapped package' with the wrapping as a borderine 'container'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unpack' in WordNet: 1. (1) unpack, take out - (remove from its packing; 'unpack the presents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Package ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contents ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Packing ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpacked ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Unpaid :isTheOppositeOf :Paid ; :wnsense "unpaid12adj", "unpaid1adj", "volunteer1adj" ; :wordnet "unpaid", "volunteer" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"'Unpaid'' is an AttributeValue of either (1) Actions are usually instances of a ''WorkingEvent'', for which the person doing the work is compensated, by money or other valuable thing; or (2) bills or debts that have not ben paid in the time expected. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unpaid' in WordNet: 1. (5) unpaid - (not paid; 'unpaid wages'; 'an unpaid bill') 2. unpaid, volunteer - (without payment; 'the soup kitchen was run primarily by unpaid helpers'; 'a volunteer fire department') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnpaidWork a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UnpaidWork'' is a ''WorkingEvent'' that is not compensated by wages.. This may be work performed voluntarily by a ''Volunteer'' or could be some form of involuntary 'slave labor'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingEvent ; owl:disjointWith :PaidTask . :Unpaired :wnsense "unpaired1adj" ; :wordnet "unpaired" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cool is a QualitativeAttributeValue for one object of what was an ''PairOfObjects'' but for which the matching object of the Pair is no longer accesible (or lost of destroyed). Especially used for ''Sock''s for in a collection of socks when the matching sock has been lost or discarded, but the remaining sock retained. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpaired' in Wordnet: 1. (4) odd, unmatched, unmated, unpaired - (of the remaining member of a pair, of socks e.g.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Remaining . :Unpinning a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some Agent removes the connection created by a ''Pinning'' action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UndoingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pinning ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PinnableObject :Pin :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Unplanned :hasAdverbialForm :Unintentionally ; :wnsense "undesigned1adj", "unintentional1adj", "unintentional3adj", "unplanned1adj", "unplanned2adj", "unwitting1adj" ; :wordnet "undesigned", "unintentional", "unplanned", "unwitting" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Dozing'' is unintentionally taking a ''Nap'', usually while doing something sitting down, that lasts a short time. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unplanned' in Wordnet: 1. unplanned - (without apparent forethought or prompting or planning; 'an unplanned economy'; 'accepts an unplanned order'; 'an unplanned pregnancy'; 'unplanned remarks') 2. unintentional, unplanned, unwitting - (not intentional; 'an unintended slight'; 'an unintentional pun'; 'the offense was unintentional'; 'an unwitting mistake may be overlooked') WN adj 'unintentional': 1. undesigned, unintentional - (not done or made or performed with purpose or intent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShortDuration ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unplayful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :FunLoving ; :wnsense "serious5adj", "sober4adj", "unplayful1n" ; :wordnet "serious", "sober", "unplayful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unplayful'' is the attribute of a Person who prefers to concentrate on serious pursuits, rather than concentrate on ''HavingFun''. 'sober as a judge' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unplayful' in Wordnet: 1. unplayful, serious, sober - (completely lacking in playfulness) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unpleasant :isTheOppositeOf :Pleasant ; :ldoce "unpleasant" ; :wnsense "disagreeable1adj", "disagreeable2adj", "unpleasant1adj" ; :wordnet "disagreeable", "unpleasant" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - events, processes, or objects - that in normal circumstances can be expected to produce a reaction of 'Displeasure' (mild or intense) in most people who experience it (Events) or perceive it (things). This is an attribute for things that actually produce a reaction of displeasure, not for those things that one simply does not like. The sense of 'disagreeable' referring to a *trait* of people who act unsociably is *not* included here, but the behavior itself, if it offends other people, would be characterized by this AttributeValue, 'Unpleasant' Corresponds to the single adjective sense of 'unpleasant', and to part of senses 1 and 2 of 'disagreeable' in WordNet: 1. (6) unpleasant - (disagreeable to the senses, to the mind, or feelings ; 'an unpleasant personality'; 'unpleasant repercussions'; 'unpleasant odors') WN 'disagreeable' 1. disagreeable - (not to your liking; 'a most disagreeable journey'; 'a disagreeable old man'; 'in a disagreeable mood') 2. disagreeable, unsympathetic - (not agreeing with your tastes or expectations; 'found the task disagreeable and decided to abandon it'; 'a job temperamentally unsympathetic to him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad, :EvaluativeAttribute, :Salient, :Unwanted . :UnpleasantBodyEvent a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """UnpleasantBodyEvent is any event affecting an animal body which is typically considered unpleasant or harmful. This can be externally caused, such as being shot by a bullet, or internally caused, such as having upset ''Stomach'' or vomiting, or a heart attack. It is limited to physical events affecting the body, and does not include events that are unpleasant psychologically (such as an insult, or being fired) but do not have direct effects on the physical body. The unpleasantness can range from mildly unpleasant, like a mild electrical shock, to lethal.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SalientBadEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBodyRegion ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displeasure ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :UnpleasantEvent :causesMentalEventType :Displeasure ; :en "unpleasant event" ; :wnsense "displease1v" ; :wordnet "displease" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'UnpleasantEvent' is an 'UndesirableEvent' that is (among other things) Unpleasant to some IntentionalAgent. This includes the transitive sense of 'displease' as well as senses that do not imply an Agent (this can be due to a Situation). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'displease' in WordNet: 1. displease - (give displeasure to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaMentalEvent, :UndesirableEvent, :UnpleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displeasure ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displeasure ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ] . :UnpleasantPerson :wnsense "unpleasant person1n" ; :wordnet "unpleasant person" ; a :HumanRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Person who behaves in a disagreeable manner- a ''Role'' that may not be a permanent trait. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unpleasant person' in WordNet: 1. unpleasant person, disagreeable person - (a person who is not pleasant or agreeable) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :Role, :UnpleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :UnpleasantSensation a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'UnpleasantSensation' is a Sensation that causes Displeasure. This can be a sense sensation, such as smelling an unpleasant odor, or hearing cacophonous noise, or tasting , or a BodySensation such as an PainOrAche. This is for BodySensations; psychological discomfort is represented by 'Distress'. NOTE that COSMO distinguishes between the Feeling of Displeasure, which is mostly mental, and the Sensation of a 'UnpleasantSensation', which arises from the body and affects the feelings. There does not appear to be a directly analogous synset in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySensation, :UnpleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displeasure ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Sensation :UnpleasantThing ) ] . :UnpleasantThing :ldoce "pleasure" ; :wnsense "pleasure2n" ; :wordnet "pleasure" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A UnpleasantThing is an Event, Process, Substance, or Object that will typically cause a feeling of 'Displeasure' to a person who experences it (an Event) or who encounters it (an object). This is a very broad category, necessarily vague because many things can give pleasure in many ways and in many degrees, yet it is useful to be able to predict whether a person can be expected to be displeased by something. To be more precise in such prediction will require a great deal of information about the circumstances and inclinations of individual people. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pleasure' in WordNet: 2. (4) joy, delight, pleasure - (something or someone that provides pleasure; a source of happiness; 'a joy to behold'; 'the pleasure of his company'; 'the new car is a delight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Displeasure ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :Unplugged :ened "unplugged" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Unplugging ; :isTheOppositeOf :PluggedIn ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unplugged' is the state of an 'ElectricalDevice' that has been disconnected from a source of line power, and, unless it has an internal battery backup. may not be turned on. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeviceState, :PastParticiple . :Unplugging :en "unplugging" ; :wnsense "unplug1v" ; :wordnet "unplug" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unplugging'' is a ''Disconnecting'' where some 'plug' had been inserted into a compatible connecting receptacle, and that plug is removed from the receptacle. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unplug' in Wordnet: 1. unplug, disconnect - (pull the plug of (electrical appliances) and render inoperable; 'unplug the hair dryer after using it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disconnecting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Connecting ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Unpopular :isTheOppositeOf :Popular ; :wnsense "unpopular1adj" ; :wordnet "unpopular" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of 'Unpopular' characterizes a Person or Activity that is not just 'not popular' but actually disliked (among some GroupOfPeople) to some degree that is not as intense as 'hated' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpopular' in Wordnet: 1. (4) unpopular - (regarded with disfavor or lacking general approval; 'unpopular ideas'; 'an unpopular war') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialStatusAttribute . :Unpopulated :isAnAttributeValueOf :GeographicalArea ; :isTheOppositeOf :Populated ; :wnsense "unpeopled1adj", "unpopulated1adj" ; :wordnet "unpeopled", "unpopulated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unpopulated'' is the opposite of ''Populated'' - for a geographical area having no people with permanent living quarters residing. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpopulated' in Wordnet: 1. unpeopled, unpopulated - (with no people living there; 'vast unpopulated plains') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uninhabited . :Unpowered :isAnAttributeValueOf :Device, :Glider ; :wnsense "unpowered1adj" ; :wordnet "unpowered" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpowered' in Wordnet: 1. unpowered - (not having or using power; 'an autogiro is supported in flight by unpowered rotating wings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unprecedented :wnsense "unprecedented1adj" ; :wordnet "unprecedented" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unprecedented' is a property of any Event of a type that has never been previously observed; this may be qulified by specifying a context in which the Event is ''Unprecedented''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unprecedented' in WordNet: 1. (5) unprecedented - (having no precedent; novel; 'an unprecedented expansion in population and industry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Novel-New, :UniqueInaContext . :Unpredictable :isTheOppositeOf :Predictable ; :wnsense "unpredictable1adj", "unpredictable2adj" ; :wordnet "unpredictable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Events that cannot be predicted, given the information available to a particular agent; this notion of 'predictability' needs to be referenced to some particular agent, but by default the agent may be considered to be a typical adult person. This attribute does not imply that something will always be unpredictable - additional information can make things predictable. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unoredictable' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unpredictable - (not capable of being foretold) 2. unpredictable - (unknown in advance; 'an unpredictable (or indeterminable) future') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unprepared :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :PreparingForSituation ; :isTheOppositeOf :Prepared ; :wnsense "unprepared1adj" ; :wordnet "unprepared" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unprepared'' is an AttributeValue of a Agent that is not ''Prepared'' or a Place that has not been ''Prepared'' for some Action or purpose. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unprepared' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unprepared - (without preparation; not prepared for; 'unprepared remarks'; 'the shock was unprepared'; 'our treaty makers approached their immensely difficult problems unprepared'- R.E.Danielson) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unproductive :en "unproductive" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Productive ; :ldoce "unproductive" ; :wnsense "unproductive1adj" ; :wordnet "unproductive" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unproductive' is an attribute of people who do not perform as much work as is expected for a typical worker who is supposed to perform that task. This is not the same as 'unskilled', in that an 'Unproductive' worker may be able to perform a task, but due to lack of effort or other cause does not produce as much as expected. **related concepts** For objects, substances (e.g. medicines), procedures, or legislation that are recommended for a purpose but do not serve that purpose use 'Ineffective' For completed efforts and actions that failed to achieve their intended purpose use 'Ineffectual' (synonym of 'futile'). For people who cannot perform some action with acceptable results, use 'Unskilled' (synonym of 'Incompetent'). For people who fail to perform the job(s) that they are supposed to do, use 'Unproductive' - this does not mean that they cannot do the job, just that they don't do it as well or as often as exopected,perhaps do to lack of effort. For devices that, when intact and used properly, can perform their function, but due to damage or lack of fuel or power cannot, use 'UnableToFunction'. No sense of 'unproductive' in WordNet seems to match this, but WN 'productive' sense 1 includes the opposite, so we use WN sense 1 as the Wn eqjuivalent, though only part of the meaning corresponds to this concept: in WordNet: 1. unproductive - (not producing or capable of producing; 'elimination of high-cost or unproductive industries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unprofessional :isTheOppositeOf :Professional ; :wnsense "unprofessional1adj" ; :wordnet "unprofessional" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unprofessional' in Wordnet: 1. unprofessional - (not characteristic of or befitting a profession or one engaged in a profession; 'described in unprofessional language so that high school students could understand it'; 'was censured for unprofessional conduct'; 'unprofessional repairs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Improper . :Unprotected :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Protecting ; :ldoce "open" ; :wnsense "exposed1adj", "open3adj", "open8adj", "unprotected1adj" ; :wordnet "exposed", "open", "unprotected" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of objects that are not protected from the effect of external elements, especially from the atmosphere or things in the atmosphere; but including exposure to military attack. This attribute implies that a common or normal state for such objects is to be protected. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 of 'unprotected' and 3 and 8 of 'open' and sense 1 of 'exposed' in WordNet: WN adj 'unprotected': 1. (1) unprotected - (lacking protection or defense) WN adj 'open': 3. (13) exposed, open - (with no protection or shield; 'the exposed northeast frontier'; 'open to the weather'; 'an open wound') 8. (2) assailable, undefendable, undefended, open - (not defended or capable of being defended; 'an open city'; 'open to attack') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unproven :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :Hypothesis, :Theory ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Proving ; :isTheOppositeOf :Proven ; :wnsense "unproved1n", "unproven1n" ; :wordnet "unproved", "unproven" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unproven'' is the attribute of an Assertion that has not been 'Proven'' (whose truth value is still unknown or uncertain). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unproven' in Wordnet: 1. unproved, unproven - (not proved; 'unproved allegations'; 'unproved assumptions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unpublished :isAnAttributeValueOf :Manuscript ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :PublishingWrittenMaterial ; :isTheOppositeOf :Published ; :wnsense "unpublished1adj" ; :wordnet "unpublished" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unpublished' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unpublished - (not published; 'unpublished letters and diaries') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unqualified :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :wnsense "unqualified2adj" ; :wordnet "unqualified" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is also 'disqualified'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unqualified' in Wordnet: 2. unqualified - (not meeting the proper standards and requirements and training) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unqualified-Unlimited :wnsense "unqualified1adj" ; :wordnet "unqualified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unqualified'' is an AttributeValue characterizing assertions that are intended to represent literal fact without exceptions. 'unqualified agreement' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unqualified' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unqualified - (not limited or restricted; 'an unqualified denial') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unlimited . :Unranked :hasNumericalAbbreviation "unk." ; :hasOrderNumber "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; a :OrdinalNumber . :Unraveling :wnsense "unknot1v", "unpick1v", "unravel1v", "unscramble2v", "untangle1v" ; :wordnet "unknot", "unpick", "unravel", "unscramble", "untangle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Unraveling'' is an Event in which tangled, knotted,or woven object has some of the threads separated so as to undo some of the effect of the process that created the entangled Object. tie, bind Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unravel' in WordNet: 1. (1) unravel, unknot, unscramble, untangle, unpick - (become or cause to become undone by separating the fibers or threads of; 'unravel the thread') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeparationEvent, :UndoingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CordlikeObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FabricObject :Knot :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Weaving :Knitting :Knotting :EventType ) ] ] . :Unrealistic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposal ; :isTheOppositeOf :Realistic ; :wnsense "unrealistic1adj" ; :wordnet "unrealistic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unrealistic'' is an attribute of proposals for accomplishing some task or expectations that some task can be accomplished but are very unlikely to work as intended. Can people be 'unrealistic'? Is there an 'unrealist'? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unrealistic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unrealistic - (not realistic; 'unrealistic expectations'; 'prices at unrealistic high levels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unrealistically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Unrealistic ; :isTheOppositeOf :Realistically ; :wnsense "unrealistically1adv" ; :wordnet "unrealistically" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unrealistically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies an Action or an attribute and specifies that the thing modified or discussed is unlikely to exist or occur in the RealWorld. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unrealistically' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unrealistically - (in an unrealistic manner; 'his expectations were unrealistically high') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Unreasonable :isTheOppositeOf :NotUnreasonable, :Reasonable ; :wnsense "unreasonable1adj" ; :wordnet "unreasonable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unreasonable' is an AttributeValue modifying actions or policies, and is not applied to people. Use of Unreasonable indicates that the action, plan, or policy decision is of a type that a 'Reasonable' person would *not* make; such an action would showing poor judgment in that it would either not achieve the desired goal, be detrimental to the agent performing the action, or be excessively detrimental to other people's goals. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unreasonable' in WordNet: 1. unreasonable - - (not reasonable; not showing good judgment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unrelated :wnsense "unrelated1adj" ; :wordnet "unrelated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unrelated'' is AttributeValue of some entity (usually facts) that are not related in any significant way to other entities, often to some issue at hand or under discussion. 'unrelated to the current problem'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unrelated' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unrelated - (lacking a logical or causal relation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unreliable :isTheOppositeOf :Reliable ; :wnsense "undependable1adj", "undependable2adj", "unreliable1adj", "unreliable2adj", "unreliable4adj" ; :wordnet "undependable", "unreliable" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unreliable'' is an Attribute of something (a person, an animal, a machine, a report, the weather or other force of nature) that can *not* be expected to be or do what is expected or promised, or to achieve the effect desired by or promised to another person. Includes adjective senses 1, 2 and 4 of 'unreliable' in Wordnet: 1. (2) undependable, unreliable - (liable to be erroneous or misleading; 'an undependable generalization') 2. unreliable, undependable - (not worthy of reliance or trust; 'in the early 1950s computers were large and expensive and unreliable'; 'an undependable assistant') 4. unreliable - (lacking a sense of responsibility) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Unresolved :isAnAttributeValueOf :DisputeEvent, :Issue, :IssueOfDispute, :ProblemSituation ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :ResolvingAnIssue ; :isTheOppositeOf :Resolved ; :wnsense "open12adj", "undecided1adj", "undetermined3adj", "unresolved1adj", "unresolved2adj", "unsolved1adj" ; :wordnet "open", "undecided", "undetermined", "unresolved", "unsolved" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unresolved' in Wordnet: 1. unsolved, unresolved - (not solved; 'many crimes remain unsolved'; 'many problems remain unresolved') 2. open, undecided, undetermined, unresolved - (not brought to a conclusion; subject to further thought; 'an open question'; 'our position on this bill is still undecided'; 'our lawsuit is still undetermined') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unrest :wnsense "agitation2n", "ferment1n", "fermentation2n", "tempestuousness1n", "unrest1n" ; :wordnet "agitation", "ferment", "fermentation", "tempestuousness", "unrest" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unrest'' is a seres of Events during a period when major social changes are occurring, causing groups to oppose each other vigorously for any of various reasons. (technical innovation, political change). This can include protest demonstrations, labeled ''ProtestingaPolicy''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unrest' in WordNet: 1. (1) agitation, ferment, fermentation, tempestuousness, unrest - (a state of agitation or turbulent change or development; 'the political ferment produced new leadership'; 'social unrest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disorder, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProtestingaPolicy ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Unrestrained :ldoce "wild" ; :wnsense "delirious2adj", "excited3adj", "frantic2adj", "mad3adj", "unrestrained1adj", "unrestrained2adj", "wild1adj" ; :wordnet "delirious", "excited", "frantic", "mad", "unrestrained", "wild" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of human Actions, especially those involving more than one person, indicating that commonly observed social conventions and inhibitions are being ignored during that Action. 'The crowd went wild' 'A mad dash to the exits'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wild' and part of senses 1 and 2 of 'unrestrained' in WordNet: 1. (29) wild - (marked by extreme lack of restraint or control; 'wild talk'; 'wild parties') WN adj 'unrestrained': 1. unrestrained - (not subject to restraint; 'unrestrained laughter') 2. delirious, excited, frantic, mad, unrestrained - (marked by uncontrolled excitement or emotion; 'a crowd of delirious baseball fans'; 'something frantic in their gaiety'; 'a mad whirl of pleasure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unrestraint :wnsense "unrestraint1n" ; :wordnet "unrestraint" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unrestraint' in WordNet: 1. unrestraint - (the quality of lacking restraint) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Indiscipline . :Unreturnable :en "unreturnable" ; :enadj "unreturnable" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ProductObject, :Purchase ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType :ReturningaPurchase ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unreturnable'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for purchased Objects (''Purchase''s) that can *not* be returned to the ''vendor'' from whom it was purchased. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unrewarding :isTheOppositeOf :Rewarding ; :wnsense "unrewarding1adj" ; :wordnet "unrewarding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unrewarding' in Wordnet: 1. unrewarding - (not rewarding; not providing personal satisfaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Unripe :isTheOppositeOf :Ripe ; :wnsense "unripe1adj" ; :wordnet "unripe" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Unripe is a QualitativeAttributeValue of fruit that has not yet ripened. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'unripe' in WordNet; this is for fruit only, and not for wines: in WordNet: 1. green, unripe, unripened, immature - - (not fully developed or mature; not ripe; 'unripe fruit'; 'fried green tomatoes'; 'green wood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Immature . :Unsafe :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Insecurity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Safe ; :wnsense "insecure2adj", "unsafe1adj" ; :wordnet "insecure", "unsafe" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unsafe' in Wordnet: 1. insecure, unsafe - (lacking in security or safety; 'his fortune was increasingly insecure'; 'an insecure future') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RiskFree . :Unsatisfactory :isTheOppositeOf :Satisfactory ; :wnsense "unsatisfactory1adj" ; :wordnet "unsatisfactory" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unsatisfactory' is the AttributeValue of things (Objects, Situations) that cause the feeling of Dissatisfaction. For an 'unsatisfactory' performance in a task (as in school), use ''Poor-Performing'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unsatisfactory' in WordNet: 1. (6) unsatisfactory -- (not giving satisfaction; 'shops should take back unsatisfactory goods'; 'her performance proved to be unsatisfactory'; 'life is becoming increasingly unsatifactory'; 'our discussion was very unsatisfactory') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :UnscrewingSomething :reversesTheEffectOf :ScrewingSomething ; :wnsense "unscrew1v", "unscrew2v" ; :wordnet "unscrew" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UnscrewingSomething' is an Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') screws something **off** (as a cap) or **out of** as a wood screw) another PhysicalObject. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'unscrew' in WordNet: 1. (2) unscrew - (loosen something by unscrewing it; 'unscrew the outlet plate') 2. (1) unscrew - (loosen by turning; 'unscrew the bottle cap') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, :Loosening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ThreadedDevice ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ScrewingSomething ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :UnscrewingaScrew :wnsense "unscrew1v", "unscrew2v" ; :wordnet "unscrew" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UnscrewingaScrew' is an Action in which an agent (which can be an 'Automaton') unscrews a 'Screw-Connector' (tapered or cyclindrical) out of the object into which it had been screwed. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'unscrew' in WordNet, but a specific sense for unscrewing screws does not appear : in WordNet: 2. (1) unscrew - (loosen by turning; 'unscrew the bottle cap') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpeningAContainerArtifact, :UnscrewingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Screwdriver ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Screw-Connector ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Screw-Connector ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ] . :Unseen :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Seeing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Seen ; :wnsense "unobserved1adj", "unobserved2adj", "unseen1adj", "unseen2adj" ; :wordnet "unobserved", "unseen" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unseen' in Wordnet: 2. (2) unobserved, unseen - (not observed) WN adj 'unobserved': 2. unobserved - (not observed; 'managed to slip away unobserved') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Light-NotDark, :Undetected . :Unselfconscious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :SelfConscious ; :wnsense "unselfconscious1adj" ; :wordnet "unselfconscious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Unselfconscious'' is to perform Actions in the presence of other people without attempting to understand how they might interpret and respond to those actions. affected, unnatural Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unselfconscious' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unselfconscious - (not self-conscious; 'she grew up with him in unselfconscious friendship') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unsettled :isAnAttributeValueOf :GeographicalArea ; :isTheOppositeOf :Settled ; :wnsense "unsettled4adj" ; :wordnet "unsettled" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Settled'' is an attribute of geographical areas that do not have people who have moved there from another Place to establish permanent Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'unsettled' in Wordnet: 4. unsettled - (not yet settled; \"unsettled territory\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpopulated . :UnsettlingaPerson :wnsense "enervate2v", "faze1v", "unnerve1v", "unsettle1v" ; :wordnet "enervate", "faze", "unnerve", "unsettle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UnsettlingaPerson'' is an 'UpsettingEvent' in which one or more People become upset, mildly or moderately. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'unsettle' in WordNet: 1. faze, unnerve, enervate, unsettle - (disturb the composure of) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :UpsettingaPerson . :Unshaded :isTheOppositeOf :Shaded ; :wnsense "unshaded2adj" ; :wordnet "unshaded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unshaded'' is an attribute of objects and places that are directly exposed to the sun's rays when the sun is shining (daytime) and the sky is not cloudy. When the sun is shining, those Objects and places are radiating visible light at an intensity that is makes them easily visible. The attribute of being actually lighted by the sun is the subattribute ''Sunlit''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'unshaded' in Wordnet: 2. unshaded - (not darkened or dimmed by shade; 'an unshaded meadow'; 'a bright and unshaded lane') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unshaven :CYC "Unshaved" ; :guid "bd58e088-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Skin ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Shaving ; :isTheOppositeOf :Shaved ; :wnsense "unshaved1adj", "unshaven1adj" ; :wordnet "unshaved", "unshaven" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unshaven'' is the opposite of''Shaved'', characterizing skin that might normally be ''Shaved' but is not, therefore it is presumably ''Hairy''. CYC 'Unshaved': An attribute for describing the level of hair on a body part: in this case, the body part has not been shaved and has some hair. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unshaven' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unshaven, unshaved - (not shaved) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Unskilled :isTheOppositeOf :Skilled ; :ldoce "hopeless" ; :wnsense "amateur2adj", "amateurish1adj", "bungling1adj", "clumsy4adj", "feckless2adj", "fumbling1adj", "hopeless2adj", "incompetent2adj", "incompetent3adj", "inept2adj", "inexpert1adj", "unskilled1adj", "unskilled2adj", "unskilled3adj" ; :wordnet "amateur", "amateurish", "bungling", "clumsy", "feckless", "fumbling", "hopeless", "incompetent", "inept", "inexpert", "unskilled" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unskilled' is an attribute of people that asserts that one cannot perform a particular learned activity as well as one who is 'Skillful' at that task. Skillful- Unskilled is a continuum of abilities, and these attributes usually refer to the top and bottom third of skillfulness. The middle ground would be for 'learners' or 'apprentices'. A 'skilled' worker wouild relate to her/his task with the relation 'isVeryKnowledgeableAbout'. NOTE: being 'Unskilled' requires that the activity at which one is not skilled be specified: @ToDo - needs FOL rule. NOTE 2: 'bungling, funbling, clumsy' ight be a subattribute for a type of 'inexpert' that is so bad it produces terible results. **related concepts** For objects, substances (e.g. medicines), procedures, or legislation that are recommended for a purpose but do not serve that purpose use 'Ineffective' For completed efforts and actions that failed to achieve their intended purpose use 'Ineffectual' (synonym of 'futile'). For people who cannot perform some action with acceptable results, use 'Unskilled' (synonym of 'Incompetent'). For people who fail to perform the job(s) that they are supposed to do, use 'Unproductive' - this does not mean that they cannot do the job, just that they don't do it as well or as often as exopected,perhaps do to lack of effort. For devices that, when intact and used properly, can perform their function, but due to damage or lack of fuel or power cannot, use 'UnableToFunction'. Corresponds to adjective senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'unskilled', sense 2 of 'inept' and senses 2,3, and 4 of 'incompetent' and sense 2 of 'feckless' and sense 2 of 'hopeless' in WordNet: WN 'unskilled': 1. unskilled - (not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency; 'unskilled in the art of rhetoric'; 'an enthusiastic but unskillful mountain climber'; 'unskilled labor'; 'workers in unskilled occupations are finding fewer and fewer job opportunities'; 'unskilled workmanship') 2. amateurish, amateur, inexpert, unskilled - (lacking professional skill or expertise; 'a very amateurish job'; 'inexpert but conscientious efforts'; 'an unskilled painting') 3. incompetent, unskilled - (not doing a good job; 'incompetent at chess') WN 'inept': 2. (1) feckless, inept - - (generally incompetent and ineffectual; 'feckless attempts to repair the plumbing'; 'inept handling of the account') WN 'incompetent': 2. bungling, clumsy, fumbling, incompetent - - (showing lack of skill or aptitude; 'a bungling workman'; 'did a clumsy job'; 'his fumbling attempt to put up a shelf') 3. incompetent, unskilled - - (not doing a good job; 'incompetent at chess') WN adj 'hopeless': 2. hopeless - (of a person unable to do something skillfully; I'm hopeless at mathematics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unable . :UnskilledOccupation :guid "bd58c685-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isaSynonymOf :UnskilledWorker ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The SUMO term for 'UnSkilledWorker'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :UnskilledPerson :wnsense "unskilled person1n" ; :wordnet "unskilled person" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unskilled person' in WordNet: 1. unskilled person - (a person who lacks technical training) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skill ; owl:onProperty :lacks ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unskilled ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :Property . :UnskilledWorker :guid "bd58ae8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation. Each instance of #$UnskilledWorker is a person who holds a job that requires little skill or training. Although such jobs are too various in kind for this collection to constitute an instance of OccupationType (q.v.) in its own right, certain specializations of #$UnskilledWorker are occupation-types. In SUMO called 'UnskilledOccupation' and designated a subtype of ManualLaborer. Not all unskilled work is 'manual', so ''ManualLaborer'' is a separate though not disjoint concept. Much manual work is included in the 'unskilled' category. . SUMO: Any Position which does not require learning a set of skills. Approximately the same as 'manual laborer' but """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonWithOccupation . :UnsolvedCrimeDescription :hasComponentElement :ENG_crime ; :hasMainTopic :GenericUnsolvedCrime ; :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation :GenericConcernAboutCrime ; a :ProblemToBeSolved ; rdfs:comment """Generically, a description in logical assertions of any unsolved crime.""" . :Unspecified :isTheOppositeOf :Specified ; :wnsense "unspecified1adj" ; :wordnet "unspecified" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of things - people, events, objects or situations - mentioned in some communication - that have not been specified and therefore cannot be identified. This differs from 'Unidentified', the attribute used to signal the reasoner that the value is unknown and must not be equated with any other individual. The identity or value of the thing may be known, and identified for a speaker, but not specified in the communication act. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unspecified' in WordNet: 1. unspecified - (not stated explicitly or in detail; 'threatened unspecified reprisals') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnspecifiedObject a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'UnspecifiedObject' is a 'PhysicalObject' that is not further specified.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :UnspecifiedThing . :UnspecifiedPlanet :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :Planet-Generic . :UnspecifiedThing :wnel "2.3" ; :wnsense "je ne sais quoi1n", "thing9n" ; :wnsynset "thing - (an entity that is not named specifically; 'I couldn't tell what the thing was')" ; :wordnet "je ne sais quoi", "thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A thing of any type - people, events, objects or situations - that has been mentioned in some discourse, but not specified sufficiently to be identified by the audience. 'je ne sais quoi' is included here, though it has a slightly different meaning - as something indescribable, not merely unknown (perhaps a subtype?) This is added primarily to represent the sense 9 of 'thing' in WordNet, at location 2.3 in the Wordnet hierarchy, but also includes 'je ne sais quoi': 9. (67) thing - (an entity that is not named specifically; 'I couldn't tell what the thing was') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unspecified ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unspoken :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Speaking ; :wnsense "mute3adj", "tongueless3adj", "unexpressed1adj", "unsaid1adj", "unspoken1adj", "unspoken2adj", "unstated1adj", "unuttered1adj", "unverbalised1adj", "unverbalized1adj", """unvoiced2 adj""", "wordless1adj" ; :wordnet "mute", "tongueless", "unexpressed", "unsaid", "unspoken", "unstated", "unuttered", "unverbalised", "unverbalized", "unvoiced", "wordless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unspoken'' is the attribute of thoghts or ideas or feelings that were not mentoned in a ''Speaking'' action. Includes adjective sense 2 and part of sense 1 of 'unspoken' in Wordnet: 1. (1) mute, tongueless, unspoken, wordless - (expressed without speech; especially because words would be inappropriate or inadequate; 'a mute appeal'; 'a silent curse'; 'best grief is tongueless'- Emily Dickinson; 'the words stopped at her lips unsounded'; 'unspoken grief'; 'choking exasperation and wordless shame'- Thomas Wolfe) 2. unexpressed, unsaid, unstated, unuttered, unverbalized, unverbalised, unvoiced, unspoken - (not made explicit; 'the unexpressed terms of the agreement'; 'things left unsaid'; 'some kind of unspoken agreement'; 'his action is clear but his reason remains unstated') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oral . :Unstable :isTheOppositeOf :Stable ; :wnsense "fluid1adj", "precarious1adj", "unstable1adj", "unstable2adj", "unstable3adj", "unstable6adj" ; :wordnet "fluid", "precarious", "unstable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unstable'' is the Tendency of some Thing - an object or substance or attribute or Situation - to change within some period of time that is significant for the agent so describing the Thing as 'unstable'. This could be an internal property, such as chemical instability (explosives, perishable foods), or physical instability (delicate balance easily upset by a small perturbation) or a quantitative attribute (electrical voltage) or a social situation (a delicate balance of opposing forces among agents). The psychological 'unstable' needs its own entry: 5. unstable - (disposed to psychological variability; 'his rather unstable religious convictions') This is very broad general meaning, and includes several senses of 'unstable' as well as sense 2 of 'unsteady' in WN, but not the psychological senses 4 and 5: in WordNet: 1. (5) unstable - (lacking stability or fixity or firmness; 'unstable political conditions'; 'the tower proved to be unstable in the high wind'; 'an unstable world economy') 2. (1) unstable - (highly or violently reactive; 'sensitive and highly unstable compounds') 3. (1) precarious, unstable - (affording no ease or reassurance; 'a precarious truce') 6. fluid, unstable - (subject to change; variable; 'a fluid situation fraught with uncertainty'; 'everything was unstable following the coup') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tendency . :Unsteady :isAnAttributeValueOf :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; :wnsense "unfirm1n", "unsteady2adj" ; :wordnet "unfirm", "unsteady" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unsteady'' is the attribute of ''PhysicalObject''s that are intended to remain on the ground or floating in the water in a vertical orientation but have some property that makes it more likely than is desirable to topple or tilt or capsize. Being top-heavy (as a ship) or not placed on firm ground (for a ladder) are examples of situations that can predispose to this attribute. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unsteady' in Wordnet: 2. unfirm, unsteady - (not firmly or solidly positioned; 'climbing carefully up the unsteady ladder'; 'an unfirm stance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicallyInsecure . :Unstringing :wnsense "unstring1v" ; :wordnet "unstring" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unstringing'' is ''RemovingPhysically'' a ''String'' of some kind. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'unstring' in WordNet: 1. unstring - (remove the strings from; 'unstring my guitar') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfString ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ] . :Unsuccessful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action, :AttemptingActivity, :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Successful ; :wnsense "abortive1adj", "stillborn1adj", "unsuccessful1adj", "unsuccessful2adj" ; :wordnet "abortive", "stillborn", "unsuccessful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unsuccessful' is an AttributeValue of a Person whofailed to achieve an attempted Goal, or of the failed attempt. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unsuccessful' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unsuccessful - (not successful; having failed or having an unfavorable outcome) 2. (2) abortive, stillborn, unsuccessful - (failing to accomplish an intended result; 'an abortive revolt'; 'a stillborn plot to assassinate the President') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnsuccessfulPerson :wnsense "failure4n", "loser2n", "nonstarter1n", "unsuccessful person1n" ; :wordnet "failure", "loser", "nonstarter", "unsuccessful person" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UnsuccessfulPerson'' is a ''UnfortunatePerson'' who has experienced the failure of an important goal. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'failure' in WordNet: 4. (3) failure, loser, nonstarter, unsuccessful person - (a person with a record of failing; someone who loses consistently) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Failure ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Unsuccessfully :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Unsuccessful ; :wnsense "unsuccessfully1adv" ; :wordnet "unsuccessfully" ; a :AdverbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unsuccessfully'' is an adverb specifying that the 'attempting' Action modified did *not* accomplish its objective, and asserts that the attempt did accomplish the intended result. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unsuccessfully' in Wordnet: 1. unsuccessfully - (without success; 'she tried unsuccessfully to persuade him to buy a new car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Unsuitable :wnsense "improper3adj", "inappropriate1adj", "unsuitable5adj" ; :wordnet "improper", "inappropriate", "unsuitable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Bad in failing to meet some criterion of utility or efficacy, or (see subtype ''Improper'') in failing to meet some accepted standard of behavior or propriety in social interactions (of actions). The words used are similar but the conceptually distinguishable senses are separated here and at .''Improper''. This type is for things that do not adequately serve purpose, without moral implications. Correspond to prt of adjective sense 3 of'improper' in WordNet: 3. unsuitable, improper, wrong - (not appropriate for a purpose or occasion; 'unsuitable attire for the office'; 'said all the wrong things') WN adj 'inappropriate': 1. (2) inappropriate - (not suitable for a particular occasion etc; 'noise seems inappropriate at a time of sadness'; 'inappropriate shoes for a walk on the beach'; 'put inappropriate pressure on them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Unsure :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Doubt, :Uncertainty ; :wnsense "incertain1adj", "uncertain1adj", "unsure1adj" ; :wordnet "incertain", "uncertain", "unsure" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unsure'' is an attribute of a Person who is thinking about a 'StateOfUncertainty' (= a PersistentState,not the Feeling) about the truth of an Asertion. NOTE that ''Uncertain'' is the label for the attribute of a *Situation* whose outcome or result is not known with confidence - by *some* agent. @ToDo: Uncertainty - state and Feeling mixed. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uncertain' in WordNet: 1. (6) uncertain, unsure, incertain - (lacking or indicating lack of confidence or assurance; 'uncertain of his convictions'; 'unsure of himself and his future'; 'moving with uncertain (or unsure) steps'; 'an uncertain smile'; 'touched the ornaments with uncertain fingers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unsympathetic :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Sympathy ; :wnsense "indifferent2adj", "unsympathetic1adj" ; :wordnet "indifferent", "unsympathetic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who does not experience 'Sympathy' for another Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unsympathetic' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unsympathetic - (not sympathetic or disposed toward; 'unsympathetic officialdom'; 'people unsympathetic to the revolution'; 'his dignity made him seem aloof and unsympathetic') WN adj 'indifferent': 2. (3) indifferent - (showing no care or concern in attitude or action; 'indifferent to the sufferings of others'; 'indifferent to her plea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Untasted :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :TastingDeliberately ; :wnsense "untasted1adj", "untouched3adj" ; :wordnet "untasted", "untouched" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'untasted' in Wordnet: 1. untouched, untasted - (still full; \"an untouched cocktail in her hand\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unthinkable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType :ConceivingOfSomething ; :wnsense "unthinkable1adj" ; :wordnet "unthinkable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The seemingly related 'inconceivable' is included in ''Impossible'', which is not a QualitativeAttributeValue, but a ''VerbalProbability''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unthinkable' in Wordnet: 1. unthinkable - (incapable of being conceived or considered) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Untidy :isTheOppositeOf :Tidy ; :wnsense "messy1adj", "mussy1adj", "sloppy1adj", "untidy1adj" ; :wordnet "messy", "mussy", "sloppy", "untidy" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of things (objects, locations, documents) that are not tidy (orderly, neat), especially of things that can be or have been ''Tidy''. Corresponds to part of adective sense 1 of 'untidy' in WordNet, not spplying to 'habits'or actions,but of objects.: 1. untidy - (not neat and tidy; 'careless and untidy in her personal habits'; 'an untidy living room'; 'untidy and casual about money') WN adj 'messy': 1. (1) messy, mussy - (dirty and disorderly; 'a mussy fussy bedroom'; 'a child's messy eating habits') WN adj 'sloppy': 1. (2) sloppy - (lacking neatness or order; 'a sloppy room'; 'sloppy habits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :Untouched :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Touching ; :wnsense "untouched3adj" ; :wordnet "untouched" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'untouched' in Wordnet: 3. untouched -- (not having come in contact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Untrained :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience :Teaching, :TrainingAnAnimal ; :wnsense "untrained1adj" ; :wordnet "untrained" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Untrained'' is the attribute of an Animal human or non-human, that has undergone a ''Training'' of any kind, for basic knowledge or skills.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'untrained' in Wordnet: 1. untrained - (not disciplined or conditioned or made adept by training; 'an untrained voice'; 'untrained troops'; 'young minds untrained in the habit of concentration') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalAttributeValue . :Untroubled :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Comfort ; :isTheOppositeOf :Concerned, :Troubled ; :wnsense "at ease1adj", "untroubled1adj", "untroubled2adj" ; :wordnet "at ease", "untroubled" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Untroubled'' is the attribute of someone *not* experiencing ''Concern''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'untroubled' and includes WN 'at ease' but is broader than that in WordNet: 1. untroubled - (not beset by troubles or disturbance or distress; 'seemed untroubled by doubts of any kind'; 'untroubled sleep'; 'a kind untroubled face') 2. secure, unafraid, untroubled - (free from fear or doubt; easy in mind; 'secure himself, he went out of his way to help others') WN adjective 'at ease': 1. at ease - (socially at ease; 'was at ease with strangers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comfortable . :Untrustworthy :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Trustworthy ; :wnsense "untrustworthy1adj", "untrusty1adj" ; :wordnet "untrustworthy", "untrusty" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of a Person who, for any reason, cannot be trusted to do *something* (of some kind). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'untrustworthy' in Wordnet: 1. untrustworthy, untrusty - (not worthy of trust or belief; 'an untrustworthy person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute . :Untruthful :wnsense "untruthful1adj" ; :wordnet "untruthful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Untruthful'' is a subtype of ''Dishonest'' characterizing intentionally untrue assertions and the people who intentionally make such assertions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'untruthful' in Wordnet: 1. untruthful - (not expressing or given to expressing the truth; 'the statement given under oath was untruthful'; 'an untruthful person') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dishonest . :Untruthfulness :wnsense "untruthfulness1n" ; :wordnet "untruthfulness" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Untruthfulness'' is a ''Quality'' and a BehavioralDisposition that disposes a Person to make intentionally untrue assertions. This may be temporary and is therefore not always a ''Trait''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'untruthfulness' in WordNet: 1. untruthfulness - (the quality of being untruthful) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlawedQuality, :Imperfection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deceiving ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evasiveness ; owl:onProperty :disposesToAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Untruthful ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Untying :wnsense "untie1v", "untie2v" ; :wordnet "untie" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Action in which some Agent reverses a prior 'TyingTogether'. or ''TyingInaBow'' or ''TyingUp'' or some other 'tying' action Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'untie' in WordNet: 1. (3) untie, unbrace, unlace - (undo the ties of; 'They untied the prisoner') 2. untie, undo, loosen - (cause to become loose; 'undo the shoelace'; 'untie the knot'; 'loosen the necktie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UndoingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :CordlikeObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TyingTogether :TyingInaBow :TyingUp :EventType ) ] ] . :Unuseable :wnsense "unserviceable2adj", "unusable1adj", "unuseable1adj" ; :wordnet "unserviceable", "unusable", "unuseable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unuseable'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for Things (Objects, Methods) that are not useful in some specific situation of for some specific purpose. For things that are not useful for any purpose, use subtype ''Useless'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unuseable' in Wordnet: 1. unserviceable, unusable, unuseable - (not capable of being used) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnuseableClothingItem :en "unuseable clothing item" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UnuseableClothingItem'' is a ''ClothingItem'' that is ''Unuseable'' for some specific reason, but not necessarily for every purpose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unuseable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unused :isTheOppositeOf :Used ; :wnsense "fresh12adj", "unused1adj" ; :wordnet "fresh", "unused" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For recently manufactured and unused, use subattribute ''BrandNew''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unused' in Wordnet: 1. (1) fresh, unused - (not yet used or soiled; 'a fresh shirt'; 'a fresh sheet of paper'; 'an unused envelope') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unusual :isTheOppositeOf :Common, :Conventional ; :ldoce "rare", "unusual" ; :wnsense "atypical1adj", "atypical2adj", "rare2adj", "rare3adj", "rare4adj", "uncommon1adj", "unusual1adj", "unusual2adj", "unusual3adj" ; :wordnet "atypical", "rare", "uncommon", "unusual" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Unusual' the property that of something that is outside the usual range (of properties, property values, etc) for a thing of that type. See also the subtypes 'Strange', 'Abnormal', and 'Extraordinary'. This is one of a ranked series of intensity levels of ''Unusual'': Unusual HighlyUnusual Extraordinary Amazing ( + Surprising) Astounding Includes all 3 senses of 'unusual' and both senses of 'atypical' and both senses of 'uncommon' and sense 4 of 'rare' in WordNet: WN 'unusual' 1. (24) unusual - (not usual or common or ordinary; 'a scene of unusual beauty'; 'a man of unusual ability'; 'cruel and unusual punishment'; 'an unusual meteorite') 2. (1) strange, unusual - (being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird; 'a strange exaltation that was indefinable'; 'a strange fantastical mind'; 'what a strange sense of humor she has') 3. (1) unusual - (not commonly encountered; 'two-career families are no longer unusual') WN 'atypical' 1. (1) atypical, untypical - (not representative of a group, class, or type; 'a group that is atypical of the target audience'; 'a class of atypical mosses'; 'atypical behavior is not the accepted type of response that we expect from children') 2. atypical, irregular - (deviating from normal expectations; somewhat odd, strange, or abnormal; 'these days large families are atypical'; 'atypical clinical findings'; 'atypical pneumonia'; 'highly irregular behavior') WN 'uncommon' 1. (4) uncommon - (not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind; 'uncommon birds'; 'frost and floods are uncommon during these months'; 'doing an uncommon amount of business'; 'an uncommon liking for money'; 'he owed his greatest debt to his mother's uncommon character and ability') 2. rare, uncommon - (marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; 'what is so rare as a day in June'-J.R.Lowell; 'a rare skill'; 'an uncommon sense of humor'; 'she was kind to an uncommon degree') WN 'rare' 2. (2) rare - (recurring only at long intervals; 'a rare appearance'; 'total eclipses are rare events') 3. (2) rare - (not widely distributed; 'rare herbs'; 'rare patches of green in the desert') 4. (1) rare, uncommon - (marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; 'what is so rare as a day in June'-J.R.Lowell; 'a rare skill'; 'an uncommon sense of humor'; 'she was kind to an uncommon degree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UnusualThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'UnusualThing' is an Event or Object that is not Common; there are degrees of 'Unusual', as can be seen from the subtypes of 'Unusual'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unusual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unvarying :isaValueOf :PhysicalAttribute ; :ldoce "uniform" ; :wnsense "uniform1adj", "unvarying3adj" ; :wordnet "uniform", "unvarying" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unvarying'' is an AttributeValue of Situations or the attributes of Objects that asserts that that type of Situation or attribute continues without significant change over some interval of time or space. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uniform' in WordNet: 1. (4) uniform, unvarying - (always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences; 'a street of uniform tall white buildings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Unwanted :isTheOppositeOf :Desirable ; :wnsense "unwanted1adj", "unwanted2adj" ; :wordnet "unwanted" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A broad EvaluativeAttribute of things - events, processes, or objects - relative to the desires and intentions of the person characterizing the thing as 'unwanted' - that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated, if in hand or potentially obtained, is or would be of no net postive value; this is one of the opposites of 'Desirable'. If the thing is of net negative value, it would have the subtype attribute 'Undesirable'. Things that are actually unpleasant are characterized by the subtype 'Unpleasant' in COSMO. The thing evaluated may be of no net positive value merely because it is not useful enough to be worth occupying space. Thus 'Trash' is a collection of 'Unwanted' things, which nevertheless may have positive value to a recycling agent. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 'unwanted' in WordNet: 1. (2) unwanted - - (not wanted; not needed; 'tried to give away unwanted kittens') 2. unwanted - - (interfering; 'unwanted shadows distort the picture'; 'removed the unwanted vegetation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :UnwantedThing :en "unwanted thing" ; :enn "unwanted thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UnwantedThing'' is .anything - object or Event - that is not wanted, for any reason. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dislike ; owl:onProperty :perceivingCausesMentalEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Unwelcome :en "unwanted" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Welcome ; :wnsense "unwelcome1adj", "unwelcome2adj", "unwished-for1adj", "unwished1adj" ; :wordnet "unwelcome", "unwished", "unwished-for" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Welcome' is an AttributeValue of some Event that is experienced with displeasure (to some degree) by an 'IntentionalAgent'. Having this AttributeValue means that the 'IntentionalAgent' prefers for that Event *not* to happen rather than to happen. WN ad 'unwanted' has two senses,neither of which is close enough to this. So the 'unwanted' label is attached a 'en', though it is not either of the WN senses. ''Unwanted'' is added as a parent attribute. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unwelcome' in WordNet: 1. (2) unwelcome - (not welcome; not giving pleasure or received with pleasure; 'unwelcome publicity'; 'unwelcome interruptions'; 'unwelcome visitors') 2. unwelcome, unwished, unwished-for - (not welcome; 'unwelcome publicity') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpleasant, :Unwanted . :Unwilling :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Unwillingness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing :Willingness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Willing ; :wnsense "unwilling1adj" ; :wordnet "unwilling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing 'Unwillingness'. Not just ''Reluctant'' (though possibly convinceable to do something), but definitely refusing to do it. Stronger than ''Reluctant''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unwilling' in Wordnet: 1. (1) unwilling - (not disposed or inclined toward; 'an unwilling assistant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reluctant . :Unwillingness a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Unwillingness'' is a ''Feeling'' sufficiently deeper than ''Reluctance'' that it causes a Person to refuse to do some proposed Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reluctance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwilling ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Unwise :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Wisdom ; :isTheOppositeOf :Wise ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'unwise' in Wordnet: 1. (2) unwise - (showing or resulting from lack of judgment or wisdom; 'an unwise investor is soon impoverished') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Up :ldoce "up" ; :wnsense "up1adj", "up1adv" ; :wordnet "up" ; a :DirectionMeasure ; rdfs:comment """An attribute the specifies orientation or motion upward relative to a gravitational field (away from the gravitating body, usually the Earth). It can also reference static direction for a TopAndBottomSidedObject, and in this sense is used linguistically as an adverb (upwards). Motion upward can also be specified by using the QualitativeAttribute value 'Upward'. The different usages hae not yet (v981) been distinguished. Includes parts of adjective sense 1 and adverb sense 1 of 'up' in WordNet, being specifically for directions in a gravitational field, and not metaphorically indicating higher values for some measure: in WordNet: WN adjective 'up': 1. (8) up - (being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level; 'the anchor is up'; 'the sun is up'; 'he lay face up'; 'he is up by a pawn'; 'the market is up'; 'the corn is up') WN adverb 'up': 1. (79) up, upwards, upward, upwardly - (spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position; 'look up!'; 'the music surged up'; 'the fragments flew upwards'; 'prices soared upwards'; 'upwardly mobile') """ . :Up-to-date :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Revising ; :isTheOppositeOf :Outdated ; :wnsense "up-to-date1adj" ; :wordnet "up-to-date" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Up-to-date'' has been ''Revised'' and includes the most recent ''Revising'' Action. Typically of documents. This can be true only at some interval in time, and can change as of the next revision.c Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'up-to-date' in Wordnet: 1. (3) up-to-date - (reflecting the latest information or changes; 'an up-to-date issue of the magazine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changed . :UpToDateness :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute :Up-to-date ; :wnsense "currency4n", "currentness1n", "up-to-dateness1n" ; :wordnet "currency", "currentness", "up-to-dateness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'up-to-dateness' in WordNet: 1. currentness, currency, up-to-dateness - (the property of belonging to the present time; 'the currency of a slang term') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :Upbeat :wnsense "cheerful2adj", "pollyannaish1adj", "upbeat1adj" ; :wordnet "cheerful", "pollyannaish", "upbeat" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Upbeat'' is a subAttribute of ''Optimistic'' characterizing a '''Person'' who is expecting a good outcome in some ''Situation'' or in a specific Action being undertaken, and is sufficiently Optimistic to be ''Cheerful'' from anticipation of the good things to come. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upbeat' in Wordnet: 1. (1) cheerful, pollyannaish, upbeat - (pleasantly (even unrealistically) optimistic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cheerful, :Optimistic . :Upcoming :isTheOppositeOf :Past ; :wnsense "approaching1adj", "coming1adj", "forthcoming2adj", "upcoming1n" ; :wordnet "approaching", "coming", "forthcoming", "upcoming" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Upcoming'' is an AttributeValue that refers to some Event located in the ''NearFuture''. This is usually used for the *next* event in a reiterative or periodic series of Events - such as 'the upcoming election' or for a unique event that marks the end of an ongoing process: 'approaching deadline' . Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upcoming' in Wordnet: 1. (1) approaching, coming, forthcoming, upcoming - (of the relatively near future; 'the approaching election'; 'this coming Thursday'; 'the forthcoming holidays'; 'the upcoming spring fashions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Updated :en "updated" ; :enadj "updated" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Updating ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Updated'' is for documents or texts. For methods or devices, use ''Modernized''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple, :Revised . :Updating :wnsense "update1v" ; :wordnet "update" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Updating'' is a ''Modification' of something (anything) to make it into a more recent style and/or improve its functionality. This can be for abstract objects such as software or documents (history, texts) as well as structures (see subtypes ''Modernizing'' and ''Remodeling'). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'update' in WordNet: 1. (2) update - (modernize or bring up to date; 'We updated the kitchen in the old house') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Modification, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NewFangled ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Variant ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Upheaval :wnsense "Sturm und Drang1n", "turbulence3n", "upheaval1n" ; :wordnet "Sturm und Drang", "turbulence", "upheaval" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Upheaval'' is a seres of Events during a period of ''Unrest'' when major social changes are occurring, for any ofvarious reasons. (technical innovation, political change); this usually includes ''ViolentAction'' of somekind.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upheaval' in WordNet: 1. (2) turbulence, upheaval, Sturm und Drang - (a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally); 'the industrial revolution was a period of great turbulence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unrest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ViolentAction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :UpholdingaCause :wnsense "uphold2v" ; :wordnet "uphold" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''UpholdingaCause'' is a ''DefendingaProposition'' in which the 'proposition' is arguments for a 'cause' or 'principle' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'uphold' in WordNet: 2. (5) uphold - (stand up for; stick up for; of causes, principles, or ideals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DefendingaProposition, :Responding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Campaign :MoralPrinciple :Ideal ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaResponseToEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opposing ] . :Upholstery :guid "bd58ddcf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "upholstery1n" ; :wordnet "upholstery" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the coverings on furniture, whether one piece of furniture or some set. NOTE: not yet represented (rev1619) is the springs and webbing that are used on chairs and sofas to make the seaths soft. @TODO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upholstery' in WordNet: 1. upholstery - (covering (padding and springs and webbing and fabric) on a piece of furniture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothCovering . :UpliftingEvent :wnsense "uplifting1n" ; :wordnet "uplifting" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uplifting' in WordNet: 1. (2) uplifting - (the rise of something; 'the uplifting of the clouds revealed the blue of a summer sky') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MotionUpward, :Translation-LocationChange . :UploadingaFile :wnsense "upload1v" ; :wordnet "upload" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'upload' in WordNet: 1. upload - (transfer a file or program to a central computer from a smaller computer or a computer at a remote location) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBTCopying, :TransferringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerFile ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copy ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DigitalComputer ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerServer ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerFile ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :DigitalComputer :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ComputerServer ; owl:onProperty :hadRecipient ] . :Upper :ldoce "upper" ; :wnsense "upper1adj" ; :wordnet "upper" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Upper' is An AttributeValue of one of two stationary PhysicalObjects the altitude (in a gravitational field) of whose top is elevated above the altitude of the other object. This relation, is a specialization of 'Higher' in requiring that the objects be directly above and below each other. NOTE: a more metaphorical sense of 'upper' as higher in some qualitative value may be representedin part by the relation 'isMoreIntenseThan', forsome attributes. @ToDo: needs more development. This corresponds closely to the relation 'isDirectlyAbove', but its use is closer to the linguistic comparative form, where one can say 'the upper level' and mean 'the level that isDirectlyAbove' the other level'. In this usage, it selects from two objects the one that is higher. This is a special kind of AttributeValue, being an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType', which needs to be represented as a function in an FOL implementation: it takes a pair of objects and selects the higher one. Corresponds to parts of adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'upper' in WordNet: 1. (14) upper - (higher in place or position; 'the upper bunk'; 'in the upper center of the picture'; 'the upper stories') 2. upper - (the topmost one of two) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Higher . :UpperArm :en "upper arm" ; :enn "upper arm" ; a :LimbType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''UpperArm'' is the part of the Arm between the Shoulder and the Elbow of a Person. RHW 'upper arm': the part of the arm between the shoulder and the elbow. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LimbPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :ShoulderAndElbow ] . :UpperCase :isAnAttributeValueOf :UpperCaseLetter ; :wnsense "uppercase1adj" ; :wordnet "uppercase" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uppercase' in Wordnet: 1. uppercase - (relating to capital letters which were kept in the top half of a compositor's type case; \"uppercase letters; X and Y and Z etc\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :UpperCaseLetter :wnsense "capital letter1n", "capital1n", "majuscule1n", "upper-case letter1n", "uppercase1n" ; :wordnet "capital", "capital letter", "majuscule", "upper-case letter", "uppercase" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uppercase' in WordNet: 1. capital, capital letter, uppercase, upper-case letter, majuscule - (one of the large alphabetic characters used as the first letter in writing or printing proper names and sometimes for emphasis; \"printers once kept the type for capitals and for small letters in separate cases; capitals were kept in the upper half of the type case and so became known as upper-case letters\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalCharacter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UpperCase ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :UpperClass :wnsense "upper class1n", "upper crust1n" ; :wordnet "upper class", "upper crust" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''UpperClass'' is the ''EconomicClass'' that is highest (richest) of the traditional three categories. This is also a subtype of ''SocalClass''.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upper class' in WordNet: 1. upper class, upper crust - (the class occupying the highest position in the social hierarchy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicClass, :SocialClass . :UpperCrust a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The baked dough which forms the top crust of a Pie. A ''Pie'' may not have an ''UpperCrust'', which is a cover for the filling. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :PieCrust, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieFilling ; owl:onProperty :isAbove-Touching ] . :UpperDeck :wnsense "upper deck1n" ; :wordnet "upper deck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Several meanings in dictionaries:. Any deck above the 'MainDeck'? @TODo: clarify terminology with nautical expert. RHW 'upper deck': the uppermost continuous deck that is capable of being made watertight; freeboard deck. MW: 1. the topmost full-length deck of a ship : a full-length deck above the main deck 2. a partial deck above the main deck in a naval vessel WN 'upper deck': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upper deck' in WordNet: 1. upper deck - (a higher deck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShipsDeck . :UpperLip :ldoce "lip" ; :wnsense "lip1n" ; :wordnet "lip" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The upper''HumanLip''- this includes the part of the face between the moouth and the nose - where a ''Moustache'' would be. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'lip' in WordNet: 1. (57) lip - (fleshy folds of tissue as those surrounding the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanLip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Upright :isAnAttributeValueOf :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; :ldoce "upright" ; :wnsense "erect1adj", "upright1adj", "upright3adj", "vertical1adj" ; :wordnet "erect", "upright", "vertical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Upright'' is an AttributeValue of a SolidObject that is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' that has the 'top' side directly above the 'bottom' side and is at rest on a surface. The alternative would be if the object had toppled into a horizontal or upside-down orientation. The difference between this and the subtype ''Vertical'' is that a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' may not have the long dimension normally vertical. This sense includes adjective sense 1 of 'vertical', senses 1 and 3 of 'upright' and sense 1 of 'erect' in WordNet: 1. (5) upright, unsloped - (in a vertical position; not sloping; 'an upright post') 3. erect, vertical, upright - (upright in position or posture; 'an erect stature'; 'erect flower stalks'; 'for a dog, an erect tail indicates aggression'; 'a column still vertical amid the ruins'; 'he sat bolt upright') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure, :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :UprightSupport :wnsense "upright1n", "vertical2n" ; :wordnet "upright", "vertical" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'upright' in WordNet: 1. upright, vertical - (a vertical structural member as a post or stake; 'the ball sailed between the uprights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuralMember, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Upright ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ] . :Uproar :wnsense "garboil1n", "tumult1n", "tumultuousness1n", "uproar1n" ; :wordnet "garboil", "tumult", "tumultuousness", "uproar" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uproar' in WordNet: 1. (4) tumult, tumultuousness, uproar, garboil - (a state of commotion and noise and confusion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisorderlyActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Noise ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Upscale :isAnAttributeValueOf :Product ; :wnsense "upscale1adj" ; :wordnet "upscale" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW adj 'upscale': (this is sense 2) 1. located at, moving toward, or of or for the upper end of a social or economic scale: The boutique caters to upscale young career people. 2. luxurious, costly, or elegant. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upscale' in Wordnet: 1. upscale - (appropriate for people with good incomes; 'an upscale neighborhood'; 'an upscale motel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expensive . :Upset :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :BeingUpset ; :isTheOppositeOf :Satisfied ; :ldoce "upset" ; :wnsense "perturbed1adj", "upset1adj" ; :wordnet "perturbed", "upset" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing some level of dissatisfaction, caused by some past (usually recent past) specific Event or situation. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'upset' and includes adjective sense 1 of 'perturbed' in WordNet, but (1) this refers to the DirectedFeeling 'BeingUpset', which must be caused by some one or more specific past Events, and 'worried' is not a necessary component; and (2) the component of 'confusion' in the WordNet sense of 'perturbed' is not a necessary component of this attribute: in WordNet: 1. (1) disquieted, distressed, disturbed, upset, worried - (afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief; 'too upset to say anything'; 'spent many disquieted moments'; 'distressed about her son's leaving home'; 'lapsed into disturbed sleep'; 'worried parents'; 'a worried frown'; 'one last worried check of the sleeping children') WN 'perturbed': 1. flustered, hot and bothered, perturbed, rattled - (thrown into a state of agitated confusion; ('rattled' is an informal term)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoyed, :Dissatisfied, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :UpsetCondition :wnsense "disorder1n", "upset3n" ; :wordnet "disorder", "upset" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UpsetCondition'' is an abnormal ''PhysiologicalCondition'' that is not necessily an ''AilmentCondition''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'upset' in WordNet: 3. disorder, upset - (condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; 'the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder'; 'everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbnormalCondition, :PhysiologicalCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NormalOrganismCondition ; owl:onProperty :hinders ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :UpsettingEvent :causesMentalEventType :BeingUpset ; :ldoce "upset" ; :wnsense "discomfit1v", "discompose1v", "disconcert2v", "untune1v", "upset2v" ; :wordnet "discomfit", "discompose", "disconcert", "untune", "upset" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'UpsettingEvent' is an 'UnpleasantEvent that causes 'BeingUpset' for some ''Animal'' (usually a Person). This can be applied to animals - but perhaps that should be a separate type. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'upset' in WordNet: 2. (2) upset, discompose, untune, disconcert, discomfit - (cause to lose one's composure) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UndesirableEvent, :UnpleasantThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingUpset ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ] . :UpsettingaPerson :wnsense "disturb1v", "trouble1v", "upset3v" ; :wordnet "disturb", "trouble", "upset" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UpsettingaPerson'' is any Event that causes ''BeingUpset''or ''Concern'' in a Person. ''Concern'' comes in various subtypes: ''Anxiety''; ''Worry''; ''Nervousness''; ''BeingUpset''. Rather vague. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'upset' in WordNet: 1. (8) disturb, upset, trouble - (move deeply; 'This book upset me'; 'A troubling thought') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingaMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concern ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingUpset ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedPerson ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Upside :en "upside" ; :enn "upside" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''Upside'' is a favorable ''AspectOfaProblem'' or a benefit to be gained from a proposal. RHW noun 'upside': 5. an encouraging or positive aspect. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feature, :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Favorable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Upside-Down :isAnAttributeValueOf :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :InvertingSomething, :UpsideDownInversion ; :isTheOppositeOf :Right-Side-Up ; :ldoce "upside-down" ; :wnsense "inverted1adj", "upside-down1adj" ; :wordnet "inverted", "upside-down" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Upside-Down' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects that are TopAndBottomSidedObjects, that have the bottom side located above the top side in a gravitational field. This is an AttributeValue of a TopAndBottomSidedObject in which the 'BottomSide' is above the 'TopSide' at some particular time. This is represented as the result of the transitive and intransitive senses of 'invert'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upside-down' in WordNet: 1. (1) inverted, upside-down - (being in such a position that top and bottom are reversed; 'a quotation mark is sometimes called an inverted comma'; 'an upside-down cake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure, :QualitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UpsideDownInversion ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced ] . :UpsideDownInversion :en "turn upside-down" ; :wnsense "overturn1v", "tip over2v", "tump over2v", "turn over7v" ; :wordnet "overturn", "tip over", "tump over", "turn over" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'UpsideDownInversion' is the Motion of a PhysicalObject which rotates its parts in a gravitational field so that what was on top is now on bottom, and vice-versa. This can be accomplished by the object itself, or caused by some agent or force. If it is caused by an Agent, that would be 'InvertingSomething', which means the same as 'turning something upside-down'. NOTe that this includes intransitive and transitive senses. The transitive sense is more specifically represented in the subtype ''InvertingSomething''. Note an ''UpsideDownInversion'' does not require that the object turned over must *come to rest* in the upside-down position, but this Event applies only so far as the object is upside-down at completion of this event. This can also be a subEvent of a series, such as a rotation from vertical to upside-down and back, as in a ''Somersault''. This does not include going from vertical to horizontal, just to the ''Upside-Down'' orientation. There is no comparable intransitive sense of 'invert' in WordNet. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'overturn' in Wordnet: 1. (2) overturn, turn over, tip over, tump over - (turn from an upright or normal position; 'The big vase overturned'; 'The canoe tumped over') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Motion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Upside-Down ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Upstairs :ldoce "upstairs" ; :wnsense "upstairs1adv", "upstairs1n" ; :wordnet "upstairs" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Upstairs' is a location relative to some other location; in linguistic phrases, the reference location is, usually the location of the speaker. For the 'upstairs' of a building that is above Ground level (the upstairs part of a building), use 'AboveGroundLevel'. This requires FOL to specify that 'upstairs' is above the ReferenceLocation of the assertion. This includes adverb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'upstairs' in WordNet: WN adverb 'upstairs': 1. (13) upstairs, up the stairs, on a higher floor - (on a floor above; 'they lived upstairs') WN noun 'Upstairs': 1. upstairs - (the part of a building above the ground floor; 'no one was allowed to see the upstairs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndoorLocation, :RelativeLocation . :Upstate :wnsense "upstate1adj" ; :wordnet "upstate" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The spatial region of the Earth's surface that is the northern part of a 'StateOrProvince'. The term 'upstate' is used as a modifier of the state that it is part of - as in 'upstate New York'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upstate' in WordNet: 1. (1) upstate - (in or toward the northern parts of a state; 'he lives upstate New York') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeopoliticalRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSpatialPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :StateOrProvince ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Northern ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :UpstateNewYork :isaSpatialPartOf :StateOfNewYork ; a :Upstate . :Upstream :isAnAttributeValueOf :Motion, :Place ; :isTheOppositeOf :Downstream ; :wnsense "upstream1adj" ; :wordnet "upstream" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'upstream' in Wordnet: 1. (1) upstream - (in the direction against a stream's current) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionalAttributeValue, :OrientationMeasure . :Upstreamly :isAnAttributeValueOf :Motion, :Place ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Upstream ; :wnsense "upriver1adv", "upstream1adv" ; :wordnet "upriver", "upstream" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The term ''Upstreamly'' is an AdverbialModifier is created to avoid duplicating the adjective ''Upstream''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'upstream' in Wordnet: 1. (2) upriver, upstream - (toward the source or against the current) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Uptight :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Tenseness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Relaxed ; :wnsense "edgy1adj", "high-strung1adj", "highly strung1adj", "in suspense1adj", "jittery2adj", "jumpy1adj", "nervy1adj", "overstrung1adj", "restive1adj", "tense1adj", "uptight1adj" ; :wordnet "edgy", "high-strung", "highly strung", "in suspense", "jittery", "jumpy", "nervy", "overstrung", "restive", "tense", "uptight" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Uptight'' is an attribute of people who are tense, the opposite of Relaxed. More intense than ''Restess'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'uptight' in WordNet: 1. edgy, high-strung, highly strung, in suspense, jittery, jumpy, nervy, overstrung, restive, uptight - (being in a tense state) WN adj 'tense': 1. tense - (in or of a state of physical or nervous tension) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Restless . :Uptown :wnsense "uptown1n" ; :wordnet "uptown" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Is this the northern part of a City?? RHW: to, toward, or in the upper part of a town or city: He rode uptown on the bus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uptown' in WordNet: 1. (2) uptown - (a residential part of town away from the central commercial district) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityArea ; owl:disjointWith :Downtown . :UptownAndDowntown a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityArea, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Downtown ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uptown ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Upward :wnsense "upward2adj" ; :wordnet "upward" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Upward' is measure of direction of movement that specifies a direction pointing from an altitude at some time to a higher altitude ata later time. The exact vector of the movement is not defined by use of this measure, and may or may not be restricted by the context of the assertion. For motion directly upward, use 'DirectlyUpward'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 2 of 'upward' in WordNet: 2. up, upward - (extending or moving toward a higher place; 'the up staircase'; 'a general upward movement of fish') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DirectionMeasure, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Upwards :isAnAttributeValueOf :Motion, :Orientation ; :wnsense "up1adv", "upward1adv", "upwardly1adv", "upwards1adv" ; :wordnet "up", "upward", "upwardly", "upwards" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'upwards' in Wordnet: 1. (3) up, upwards, upward, upwardly - (spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position; \"look up!\"; \"the music surged up\"; \"the fragments flew upwards\"; \"prices soared upwards\"; \"upwardly mobile\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :UralRiver :guid "bd589456-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the Principal World Rivers" . :Urania :hasQualitativeAttribute :Roman ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaFiction ; :wnsense "Urania2n", "Venus2n" ; :wordnet "Urania", "Venus" ; a :Goddess ; rdfs:comment """''Urania'' and 'Venus' are the names for the Roman goddess of love. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Urania' in WordNet: 2. Venus, Urania - (goddess of love; counterpart of Greek Aphrodite) """ . :Uranium :hasProtonCount "92"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "uranium1n" ; :wordnet "uranium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A radioactive metallic element with 92 protons in each nucleus. It is the element with the highest atomic number among naturally-occurring elements. Elements higher in atomic number are unstable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uranium' in Wordnet: 1. (9) uranium, U, atomic number 92 - (a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :RadioactiveSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Uranus :hasMassInGrams "8.6832E28"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "Uranus2n" ; :wordnet "Uranus" ; a :NonEarthSolarPlanet ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Uranus' in Wordnet: 2. Uranus - (a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; the 7th planet from the sun has a blue-green color and many satellites; 'Uranus was discovered by William Herschel in 1781') """ . :Urban :pertainsTo [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:City :CityRegion :CityGovernment :UrbanArea ) ] ; :wnsense "urban1adj", "urban2adj" ; :wordnet "urban" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of some type or instance that is distinctive to or characteristic of a ''City''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'urban' in WordNet: 1. (5) urban - (relating to or concerned with a city or densely populated area; 'urban sociology'; 'urban development') 2. (2) urban - (located in or characteristic of a city or city life; 'urban property owners'; 'urban affairs'; 'urban manners') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Metropolitan . :UrbanArea :guid "bd58caec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "populated area1n", "urban area1n" ; :wordnet "populated area", "urban area" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """For areas in a named 'city' use ''CityArea''. CYC: A subcollection of #$HumanResidenceRegion. Each instance of #$UrbanArea is a geographical region the whole of which (more or less) is characterized by typically urban features (such as streets, buildings, businesses, houses, schools, sidewalks, sewer systems, power lines, automobiles, pedestrians, and so on). An urban area might be as small as an inner-city street corner or as large as the New York City Metropolitan Area. By default, urbanness is a stuff-like property of human residence areas: (nearly) every subregion of an #$UrbanArea is itself an #$UrbanArea. Examples include #$UTAustinCampus, #$ResearchTrianglePark, and the territorial extent of various cities (#$CityOfAustinTX, #$CityOfToulouseFrance, etc.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urban area' in WordNet: 1. (3) urban area, populated area - (a geographical area constituting a city or town) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanResidenceArea, :PopulatedPlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urban ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Urea :guid "c0fbaadc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_NH2-CO-NH2 ; :wnsense "urea1n" ; :wordnet "urea" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A chemical compound that is one of the constituents of urine. It can be synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide. Urea is used in many products, including fertilizer and beauty products. COSMO: interestingly, though Urea was the first 'organic substance' (i.e. substances thought to be made only by living things), to be synthesized from non-organic materials, it does not fit the definition of 'OrganicCompound' in COSMO, since the carbon of Urea is not bonded to either another carbon or a hydrogen. Fancy that! SUMO: Urea is a dry, soluble, nitrogenous substance that is the major solid component of the urine of mammals, and which may be synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide; it is useful in the production of Plastic and in Fertilizers. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urea' in Wordnet: 1. urea, carbamide - (the chief solid component of mammalian urine; synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide and used as fertilizer and in animal feed and in plastics) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarbonCompound . :Ureter :guid "be19a6e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ureter1n" ; :wordnet "ureter" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all ureters, #$AnatomicalVessels for the passage of #$Urine from the #$Kidneys to the #$Bladder-Urinary. To represent the 'path' function use 'connects'' the bladder and kidney. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ureter' in WordNet: 1. ureter - (either of a pair of thick-walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Duct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Kidney ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bladder-Urinary ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urine ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KidneyAndBladder ; owl:onProperty :connects ] . :Urethra :guid "bd58e4ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "urethra1n" ; :wordnet "urethra" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Urethras - canal that carries urine from the bladder out the body. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urethra' in WordNet: 1. urethra - (duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Duct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bladder-Urinary ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedToDirectly ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urine ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ] . :Urge :ldoce "urge" ; :wnsense "impulse1n", "impulse2n", "urge1n", "urge2n" ; :wordnet "impulse", "urge" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Urge' is a DirectedFeeling that is an intensive, intuitive subtype of Desire (not caused by reasoning) that arises in a short time and creates a Motive (Motive is MentalObject - an abstract Object of thought, not state); an Urge is a Desire to *do* something - perform some Action - rather than merely to achieve some GoalSituation. An Urge may include a desire to achieve a GoalSituation, but may merely be an urge to perform some Action for its own sake (see, for example, the subtype 'UrgeToSneeze'). WN desire urge impulse (motivation feeling) Urge RHW 13. an involuntary, natural, or instinctive impulse: the sex urge. impulse RHW 1. the influence of a particular feeling, mental state, etc.: to act under a generous impulse; to strike out at someone from an angry impulse. 2. sudden, involuntary inclination prompting to action: to be swayed by impulse. Includes parts of noun senses 1 and 2 of 'urge' and senses 1 and 2 of 'impule' in WordNet; however, in COSMO a 'Motive' is a MentalObject, which cannot be a Feeling, so the 'motive' associated with an Urge is created by the Urge: in WordNet: 1. (2) urge, impulse - (an instinctive motive; 'profound religious impulses') 2. (2) urge, itch - (a strong restless desire; 'why this urge to travel?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Action ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ] . :UrgeToSneeze :en "urge to sneeze" ; :guid "bd58a54a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is a 'Feeling' in COSMO. Urges have not yet been represented (v0.50). Cyc: This is a #$Collection of physical urges of a certain type, namely the urges that animals have to sneeze (and their accompanying internal sensations.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Urge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sneezing ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ] . :Urgency :wnsense "urgency1n" ; :wordnet "urgency" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Urgency'' is a PersistentEvent in which some Action is believed to be ''Urgent'' by some Person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urgency' in WordNet: 1. (2) urgency - (the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistentState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Concerned ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urgent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Urgent :isTheOppositeOf :NonUrgent ; :ldoce "urgent" ; :wnsense "emergent1adj", "pressing1adj", "urgent1adj" ; :wordnet "emergent", "pressing", "urgent" ; a :ProrityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Actions that are considered - by some person(s) - as being necessary to perform in the very near future. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'urgent' and sense 1 of 'pressing' and sense 1 of 'emerent' in WordNet: 1. (6) pressing, urgent - (compelling immediate action; 'too pressing to permit of longer delay'; 'the urgent words 'Hurry! Hurry!''; 'bridges in urgent need of repair') WN adj 'emergent': 1. emergent - (occurring unexpectedly and requiring urgent action; 'emergent repair of an aorta') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Salient ; owl:disjointWith :Uninteresting . :Urgently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Urgent ; :wnsense "desperately1adv", "urgently1adv" ; :wordnet "desperately", "urgently" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Urgently'' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to indicate that the **situation** characterized was perceived as ''Urgent'' - requiring immediate action. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'urgently' in WordNet: 1. (1) urgently, desperately - (with great urgency; 'health care reform is needed urgently'; 'the soil desperately needed potash') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :UrgingAnAnimalToAct :wnsense "exhort2v", "press2v", "urge on2v", "urge1v" ; :wordnet "exhort", "press", "urge", "urge on" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UrgingAnAnimalToAct'' is an Action in which a Person does something - usually voicing some words but possibly making a gesture - that is intended to cause an ''Animal'' (Person or other animal with hearing) to perform some kind of Action. In the case of non-human animals, the animal will need to be trained to make sense of this Action. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'urge' in WordNet: 1. (36) urge, urge on, press, exhort - (force or impel in an indicated direction; 'I urged him to finish his studies') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecommendingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Urinal :guid "bd5895ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "urinal1n" ; :wordnet "urinal" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Toilets for male urination while standing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urinal' in WordNet: 1. urinal - (a plumbing fixture (usually attached to the wall) used by men to urinate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :PlumbingFixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urinating ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wall ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrainPipe ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :UrinaryBladder :wnsense "urinary bladder1n" ; :wordnet "urinary bladder" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urinary bladder' in WordNet: 1. urinary bladder - (a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bladder, :InternalOrgan, :Sac-Organic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urine ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :UrinaryTract :wnsense "urinary tract1n" ; :wordnet "urinary tract" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urinary tract' in WordNet: 1. urinary tract - (the organs and tubes involved in the production and excretion of urine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyTract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urethra ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Urinating :guid "bd58ccc6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pee1v", "piss1v", "urinate2v" ; :wordnet "pee", "piss", "urinate" ; a :ActionType, :BiochemicalReactionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of urination events. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'urinate' in Wordnet: 2. make, urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee, pee-pee, make water, relieve oneself, take a leak, spend a penny, wee, wee-wee, pass water - (eliminate urine; 'Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Excreting, :PhysiologicalProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urine ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :Urine :guid "bd58c6a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pee1n", "piddle1n", "piss1n", "urine1n", "water5n", "weewee1n" ; :wordnet "pee", "piddle", "piss", "urine", "water", "weewee" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Liquid waste created by the kidneys as they cleanse the blood of waste. NOTE that ''Urine'' is used mostly for substances that *have been* excreted, and as an ''ExcretionSubstance'' does not apply to the same materials that are still in the body. When it is necessary to represent such materials still in the body, some different type will be needed (e.g. 'ExcretableSubstance'??) @ToDo. That can be related to this type. 'isExcretedAs'? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urine' in Wordnet: 1. (1) urine, piss, pee, piddle, weewee, water - (liquid excretory product; 'there was blood in his urine'; 'the child had to make water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :ExcretionSubstance, :LiquidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urea ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unpleasant ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Urn :wnsense "urn1n" ; :wordnet "urn" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large ''Vase'' not intended to hold flowers, but may hold other things, such as does a funerary urn. NOTE: WN may include 'urns' as flower vases, but for COSMO an Urn is not intended to hold flowers. Footed vases may be created as a subtype of vase if needed. For the large ornamental vases not designed or intended for or incapable of containing things is an ''OrnamentalVase'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urn' in WordNet: 1. (1) urn - (a large vase that usually has a pedestal or feet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Urologist :guid "bd58a492-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "urologist1n" ; :wordnet "urologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Urologists are doctors who specialize in the branch of medicine dealing with the urinary or urogenital tract. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urologist' in WordNet: 1. urologist - (a specialist in urology) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, :MedicalSpecialist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UrinaryTract ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Urology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Urology :wnsense "urogenital medicine1n", "urology1n" ; :wordnet "urogenital medicine", "urology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Urology'' is the branch of ''Medicine'' that deals with the the urinary tract and related organs and diseases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'urology' in WordNet: 1. urology, urogenital medicine - (the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, :Medicine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UrinaryTract ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Uruguay :hasISO3166_Digraph "UY" ; :wnsense "Uruguay1n" ; :wordnet "Uruguay" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Uruguay' in Wordnet: 1. Uruguay - (a South American republic on the southeast coast of South America; achieved independence from Brazil in 1825) """ . :Used :en "previously owned", "second-hand" ; :enadj "previously owned", "second-hand" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :UsingAnObject ; :wnsense "secondhand2adj", "used1adj", "used3adj" ; :wordnet "secondhand", "used" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of some ''PhysicalObject'' that has experienced a ''UsingAnObject'' Action. NOTE that the Object used need not be designed as a ''Instrument' but by virtue of being 'used' acquires the Role of an instrument.. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'used' in WordNet: 1. (6) used - (employed in accomplishing something; 'the principle of surprise is the most used and misused of all the principles of war'- H.H.Arnold & I.C.Eaker) 3. (1) secondhand, used - (previously used or owned by another; 'bought a secondhand (or used) car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :UsedArtifact :guid "16ae588e-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Used as an attribute of a product to indicate it's used. 'Pre-owned' merchandise.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :DurableGood ; owl:disjointWith :NewArtifact . :UsedInIndustry :ldoce "industrial" ; :pertainsTo :Industry ; :wnsense "industrial3adj", "industrial4adj" ; :wordnet "industrial" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """an AttributeValue of things,abstract or concrete, that are typically or always used in an industrial setting. Of people, groups of people, terms, processes, etc. 'indistrial work' Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'industrial' in WordNet: 3. (2) industrial - (employed in industry; 'industrial workers'; 'the industrial term in use among professional thieves') 4. (2) industrial - (employed in industry; 'the industrial classes'; 'industrial work') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Industrial . :UsedUp :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :ExhaustingaSupply ; :wnsense "depleted1adj", "exhausted2adj" ; :wordnet "depleted", "exhausted" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UsedUp'' is an AttributeValue of some supply that was *completely* ''Depleted'' by some ''Depletion'' Event. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'exhausted' in Wordnet: 2. exhausted - (completely emptied of resources or properties; 'impossible to grow tobacco on the exhausted soil'; 'the exhausted food sources'; 'exhausted oil wells') WN adj 'depleted': 1. (2) depleted - (having resources completely depleted; 'our depleted resources') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depleted . :Useful :isTheOppositeOf :Useless ; :ldoce "useful" ; :wnsense "useful1adj", "useful2adj" ; :wordnet "useful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of things (including people and events) that have some value for some purpose for some person. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'useful' in WordNet: 1. (16) useful, utile - (being of use or service; 'the girl felt motherly and useful'; 'a useful job'; 'a useful member of society') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :UsefulObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'UsefulObject' is a generic class of Objects that can be used in some Event type for the benefit of some Agent. Very broad.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Object, :UsefulThing ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:Object :UsefulThing ) ] . :UsefulSource a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UsefulSource' is a Source of something good or useful, as contrasted with a source of something bad.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, :Source, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GoodThing :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ] . :UsefulSuggestion :en "useful suggestion" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''UsefulSuggestion'' is a ''Suggestion'' that is ''Useful'' for solving some problem or performing some Action. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Suggestion, :UsefulThing . :UsefulThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'UsefulThing' is a generic class of Things (of any type) that can be used in some Event type for the benefit of some Agent. Very broad.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Useful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Useless :isTheOppositeOf :Useful ; :ldoce "useless" ; :wnsense "useless1adj" ; :wordnet "useless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of things that are considered to have no value as being of practical utility. This is a subtype of 'Worthless', more specific for physical objects that cannot be used.. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'useless' in WordNet, not applicable to people: 1. (7) useless - (having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully; 'a kitchen full of useless gadgets'; 'she is useless in an emergency') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unuseable, :Worthless . :UserInterface :wnsense "interface2n", "user interface1n" ; :wordnet "interface", "user interface" ; a :GroupType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'user interface' in WordNet: 1. interface, user interface - ((computer science) a program that controls a display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :ComputerProgram, :Group . :UserRole :wnsense "user1n" ; :wordnet "user" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'UserRole' is a role played by a living thing or Device who 'makesUseOf' some knd of resource for some purpose in some Event. The agent need not be an 'IntentionalAgent', as plants may also use resources for their benefit. This may coincide with some grammatical role, such as in contructions indicating use of a resource by some agent. This is a vey broad Role that can include humans,animals, plants, robots,or 'Device's that use resources to perform their desired or intended function. This includes but is not restricted to sense 1 of 'User' in Wordnet: 1. (3) user - (a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RoleInAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :makesUseOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :Device :EnergySource :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :EventType ) ] ] . :Usher :wnsense "usher3n" ; :wordnet "usher" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Usher'' is a ''Guide'' who leads a Person to a seat at some ''SocialGathering'', such as a concert or theater performance or some ceremenony such as a Wedding. Corresponds to part of noun sense 3 of 'usher' (leading a Person to a seat at a ''PublicAssemby'') in WordNet: 3. usher, guide - (someone employed to conduct others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Guide, :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ushering ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Ushering :wnsense "show12v", "usher1v" ; :wordnet "show", "usher" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Ushering'' is the Action that an ''Usher'' performs in leading people to their seats at a ''PublicAssembly'' Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'usher' in WordNet: 1. (2) usher, show - (show (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums; 'The usher showed us to our seats') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GuidingaPersonToSomePlace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Usher ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :UsingADevice :guid "bd6297d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the specialization of #$UsingAnObject (q.v.) instances of which involve the use of some #$PhysicalDevice. See also #$deviceUsed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControllingAPhysicalDevice, :UsingAnObject . :UsingALanguage :guid "01ff9efc-8ca2-41d8-9751-e5259a3edb5c" ; :ldoce "use" ; :wnsense "use1v" ; :wordnet "use" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$TemporalStuffType and a specialization of #$IBTGeneration and #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. Each instance of #$UsingALanguage is an event in which some #$Agent-Generic produces (tokens of) expressions in a #$Language. Notable specializations include #$Writing and #$Talking. Includes part of verb sense 1 of 'use' in Wordnet: 1. (1387) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ - (put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; 'use your head!'; 'we only use Spanish at home'; 'I can't use this tool'; 'Apply a magnetic field here'; 'This thinking was applied to many projects'; 'How do you utilize this tool?'; 'I apply this rule to get good results'; 'use the plastic bags to store the food'; 'He doesn't know how to use a computer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBTGeneration, :MentalEvent, :UsingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAssistedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Language ] . :UsingAnAbility :wnsense "exercise1v", "exert1v" ; :wordnet "exercise", "exert" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UsingAnAbility'' is an Action in which some ''IntentionalAgent'' performs an Action that requires the use of some ''Ability'' or ''Capability'' or ''SocialPower'' (including ''ControllingAuthority'').that is not possessed by most agents,but is possessed by that agent. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'exert' in WordNet: 1. (28) exert, exercise - (put to use; \"exert one's power or influence\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :PurposefulAction, :UsingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :makesUseOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :CapabilityType ] . :UsingAnExpression :en "using an expression" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''UsingAnExpression'' is a ''Speaking'', usually of a widely known 'Phrase'', that is used in a conventional manner by some community of speakers often enough that it carries a conventional meaning, possibly with conventional implications. RHW 'locution: 1. a particular form of expression; a word, phrase, expression, or idiom, esp. as used by a particular person, group, etc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expression ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :UsingAnObject :guid "bd65b813-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "use" ; :wnsense "use1v" ; :wordnet "use" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """From Cyc, where it is called 'UsingAnObject'. This Type can subsume Actions where some PhysicalObject (usually but not necessarily a subtype of PhysicalDevice) is used as a means to assist the Action. The PhysicalObject used in this Action should be specified by the relation 'wasFacilitatedByInstrument'. Cyc 'UsingAnObject': The collection of all #$Actions of using an object. This refers to actual acts of manipulating/using an object, not the general events of which such use would be #$subEvents. If the object being used is a #$PhysicalDevice (see #$deviceUsed), employ the more specific collection #$UsingADevice. Corresponds to part (for PhysicalObjects) of noun sense 1 of 'use' in WordNet: 1. (1387) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ - (put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; \"use your head!\"; \"we only use Spanish at home\"; \"I can't use this tool\"; \"Apply a magnetic field here\"; \"This thinking was applied to many projects\"; \"How do you utilize this tool?\"; \"I apply this rule to get good results\"; \"use the plastic bags to store the food\"; \"He doesn't know how to use a computer\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :UsingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ] . :UsingAnOpportunity :en "seize an opportunity", "seizing an opportunity", "take advantage of an opportunity", "taking advantage of an opportunity", "use an opportunity", "using an opportunity" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UsingAnOpportunity'' represents an Action that is motivated by the existence and recognition by an agent of an ''opportunity'' situation. Not every ''UsingAnOpportunity'' Action succeeds in accomplishing its intended result. This can also be referred to as 'taking advantage of an opportunity' NOTE: although 'taking' and 'seizing' are words used o men 'use' in this context, this is not a subtype of 'taking'. 'Taking' would mean that one has possesson of something one did not have - but an Opportunity is there for the use, it does not get created by a ''UsingAnOpportunity'' Action. It is however, a subtype of the broad sense ''Accepting'' - the 'Opportunity'' is offered, not by an agent,but by some circumsances occuring. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accepting, :AnimalActivity, :PurposefulAction, :UsingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Opportunity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasMotivatedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :PossibleFutureBenefit ] . :UsingAnOwnedObject :en "using an owned object" ; :enn "using an owned object" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UsingAnOwnedObject'' is a ''UsingAnObject'' performed by LegalAgent who owns that Device. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UsingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OwnedObject ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Used ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :UsingSomething :en "make use of" ; :eng "using", "utilizing" ; :ldoce "use" ; :wnsense "apply1v", "employ1v", "employment4n", "usage1n", "use1n", "use1v", "utilise1v", "utilization1n", "utilize1v" ; :wordnet "apply", "employ", "employment", "usage", "use", "utilise", "utilization", "utilize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UsingSomething' is the most general sense of the verb 'use'; the thing used can be abstract or physical; it can be knowledge, an ability, or a PhysicalObject, among other things. For the subtype of using a PhysicalObject, use 'UsingAnObject'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'use' in WordNet: 1. (1387) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ - (put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; 'use your head!'; 'we only use Spanish at home'; 'I can't use this tool'; 'Apply a magnetic field here'; 'This thinking was applied to many projects'; 'How do you utilize this tool?'; 'I apply this rule to get good results'; 'use the plastic bags to store the food'; 'He doesn't know how to use a computer') WN noun 'use': 1. (532) use, usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise - (the act of using; 'he warned against the use of narcotic drugs'; 'skilled in the utilization of computers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :uses ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :ResourceType :Group :Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Role :RoleType :Action :ActionType :UsefulThing ) ] ] . :UsingSomethingAsaBasis :ldoce "base" ; :wnsense "base1v", "ground12v" ; :wordnet "base", "ground" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UsingSomethingAsaBasis' is a form of Thinking in which an IntelligentAgent uses some prior knowledge (an observation or a conclusion drawn from previous thinking or experience) or an assumption - to do something; the something done may be mental - as in believing something - or physical - as in taking an action. This type represents the notion of 'basing' some beliefs, assertions, or actions, on some knowledge or assumption. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'base' and sense 12 of 'ground' in WordNet: 1. (75) establish, base, ground, found - (use as a basis for; found on; 'base a claim on some observation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThinkingAboutSomething . :UsingTheHand a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UsingTheHand' is any Action in which an animal (including primates) uses its hand intentionally to perform some Action, with or without an instrument in the hand """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VoluntaryBodyMovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :UsingaComputer :en "using a computer" ; :enn "using a computer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any action by a person or automaton that uses some form of computer """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerActivity, :UsingADevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Computer ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :UsingaPatentOrCopyright a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UsingaPatentOrCopyright'' is the Act of commercial use of a ''Patent'' or ''Copyrght'' which typically requires that the user pay a fee. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UsingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Licensee ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingaRoyalty ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ] . :UsingaTollRoad a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''UsingaTollRoad'' is any Act of ''DrivingaRoadVehicle'' along some section of a ''TollRoad'' that actuall has a toll booth at some ont on that section (some toll roads have sections that canbe traversed without paying a toll). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrivingaRoadVehicle, :ObligationCreatingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TollRoad ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PayingaRoadToll ; owl:onProperty :obligesActionType ] . :Usual :isTheOppositeOf :Salient ; :ldoce "usual" ; :wnsense "common4adj", "usual1adj", "usual2adj" ; :wordnet "common", "usual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Usual'' is an attribute of Things (objects, attributes or Events) that occur frequently enough (in some context) as to have no special salient qualities and are too common in that context to be considered notable. More specific for Events is the subtype ''Routine''. Differs from the parent 'Common' in applying to Events and especially Actions that are experienced by people. WN 'usual': in WordNet: 1. (29) usual - (occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure; 'grew the usual vegetables'; 'the usual summer heat'; 'came at the usual time'; 'the child's usual bedtime') 2. (2) common, usual - (commonly encountered; 'a common (or familiar) complaint'; 'the usual greeting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Common . :Utensil :wnsense "utensil1n" ; :wordnet "utensil" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Utensil'' is a ''HandHeldObject'' that can be used to perform useful Actions. This is a term applied commonly to objects used in preparing food and eating food. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'utensil' in WordNet: 1. (2) utensil - (an implement for practical use (especially in a household)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :HandHeldObject, :Implement . :Uterus :guid "bd58a88c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "uterus1n", "womb1n" ; :wordnet "uterus", "womb" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The female sex organ of a mammal where her young can develop. The lining of the uterus is shed during #$Menstruating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'uterus' in WordNet: 1. uterus, womb - (a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females; contains the developing fetus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :AnimalBodyPart-Female, :InternalOrgan, :Sac-Organic, :SexOrgan . :Utilitarian :contrastsWith :Ornamental ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtifactObject ; :ldoce "useful" ; :wnsense "useful2adj", "utilitarian1adj", "utilitarian2adj" ; :wordnet "useful", "utilitarian" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Utilitarian'' is a subtype of ''Useful'' characterizing ''ArtifactObject''s that are designed primarily to perform some useful function, with less or little attention given to whether the Object will be Ornamental or valuable. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'utilitarian' in WordNet: 1. (1) utilitarian, useful - (having a useful function; 'utilitarian steel tables') 2. utilitarian - (having utility often to the exclusion of values; 'plain utilitarian kitchenware') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Useful . :Utility :wnsense "usefulness1n", "utility2n" ; :wordnet "usefulness", "utility" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Utility'' (syn. 'usefulness') is a state in which some Entity that is in that state is ''Useful'' for some Purpose. This broadly applicable and can be elaborated in subtypes; see, e.g. ''Functionality''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'utility' in WordNet: 2. (1) utility, usefulness - (the quality of being of practical use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Useful ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Utopia :wnsense "utopia2n" ; :wordnet "utopia" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Utopia'' is an Ideal ''PhysicalSituation'' that encompasses the whole world and the social relations among the people in it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'utopia' in WordNet: 2. utopia - (ideally perfect state; especially in its social and political and moral aspects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IdealThing, :PhysicalSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Perfect ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unrealistic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Utopian :isAnAttributeValueOf :Proposal ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Unrealistic ; :pertainsTo :Utopia ; :wnsense "utopian2adj" ; :wordnet "utopian" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'utopian' in Wordnet: 2. utopian - (characterized by or aspiring to impracticable perfection; 'the dim utopian future'; 'utopian idealists'; 'recognized the utopian nature of his hopes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unrealistic . :Utterance :en "utterance" ; :enn "utterance" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'Utterance'' is a short ''Phrase'' no longer than one or two sentences, and as few as one word. No WN entry found for this. RHW noun 'utterance' 3.something uttered; a word or words uttered; a cry, animal's call, or the like. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phrase, :PieceOfInformation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedRecipient ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ] . :UtteringaCurse :en "anathemizing", "cursing", "damning" ; :wnsense "anathemize1v", "bedamn1v", "beshrew1v", "condemnation3n", "curse1v", "curse2n", "damn1v", "execration2n", "imprecate1v", "maledict1v" ; :wordnet "anathemize", "bedamn", "beshrew", "condemnation", "curse", "damn", "execration", "imprecate", "maledict" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'UtteringaCurse' is an act of 'CastingaSpell' in which the speaker appeals to come supernatural power to inflict evil on someone or something (one can curse a plant or inanimate object). This is not for uttering a ''CurseWord''; for that see ''Cursing''. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'curse' and noun sense 2 of 'curse' in WordNet: 3. (2) curse, beshrew, damn, bedamn, anathemize, anathemise, imprecate, maledict - (wish harm upon; invoke evil upon; 'The bad witch cursed the child') WN noun 'curse': 2. (1) execration, condemnation, curse - (an appeal to some supernatural power to inflict evil on someone or some group) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CastingaSpell, :PurposefulAction, :StatingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Curse ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Jinx ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Somber ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Uzbekistan :hasISO3166_Digraph "UZ" ; :wnsense "Uzbekistan1n" ; :wordnet "Uzbekistan" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Uzbekistan' in Wordnet: 1. Uzbekistan, Republic of Uzbekistan, Uzbek - (a landlocked republic in west central Asia; formerly an Asian soviet) """ . :UzbekistanArea a :CountryRegion . :V-shaped :en "vee" ; :enadj "vee" ; :wnsense "v-shaped1adj" ; :wordnet "v-shaped" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something 'V-shaped'' has a shape (looking from the side) like that of the letter 'V' - though it may be three-dimensional. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'v-shaped' in Wordnet: 1. v-shaped - (shaped in the form of the letter V) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angular, :ShapeAttribute . :VGT_50MPH :hasFirstElement :MilesPerHour ; :hasQuantifier :GT_50 ; :hasSecondElement :GT_50 ; :hasUnit :MilesPerHour ; a :SpeedMeasure ; rdfs:comment """'VGT_50MPH' is any speed greater than 50 miles per hour. This can be considered as a 'high speed' in many contexts. """ . :VP_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix 'VP_' is used to label a 'VaporPressure' . Thus 'VP_700mm_30C' could label a vapor pressure of 700 mm Hg at 30 deg C. A VaporPressureGroup would not be labeled so perspicuously, but might be labeled with the use of the substance name for which the VaporPressureGroup specifies the data. """ . :VP_760mm_100C :hasFirstElement :T_100C ; :hasSecondElement :PR_760mm ; a :VaporPressure . :VaVaVoom :en "va va voom" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VaVaVoom'' is an ''Exclamation'' suddenly emitted word by someone expressing enjoyment at viewing a very beautiful, and especially a ''Voluptuous'' woman. ay be considered offensive by the woman referenced,if she hears the word. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :Vacant :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :LackingAnOccupant ; :isTheOppositeOf :InUse ; :wnsense "vacant2adj" ; :wordnet "vacant" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of a living quarter or a rental space or a Position in some Organization, that is not'filled' with some Occupant. For the spaces in some public structure that has limited capacity such as a seat in a theater or an airplane, or a toilet facility, that an be but is not currently being used by people (seats, bathrooms) use ''Unoccupied'' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'vacant' in Wordnet: 2. (1) vacant - (without an occupant or incumbent; 'the throne is never vacant') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :VacantLot :wnsense "vacant lot1n" ; :wordnet "vacant lot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VacantLot'' is ''PlotOfLand'' on which there are no structures, This is not necessarily a ''building site'' - can a lot have uses other than putting structures on them? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vacant lot' in WordNet: 1. vacant lot, building site - (a lot on which there are no permanent buildings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ConstructionArtifact ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] ; owl:disjointWith :ResidentialLot . :Vacation :guid "501ecad8-a8fc-41d8-9af0-a1cefceb82df" ; :ldoce "holiday" ; :wnsense "holiday1n", "vacation1n" ; :wordnet "holiday", "vacation" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This could be considered as an Action, but for now is represented as a TimeInterval, as is 'Holiday'. NOTE British usage of 'holiday' called 'vacation' in US. 'Vacation' need not be a 'leave' from a paid job, as people may take a 'vacation' from other activities, who are self-employed or undemployed. Cyc: A specialization of #$LeaveOfAbsence. Each instance of this collection is a scheduled absence in which an agent has been granted leave from another activity, such as work or school, as a respite from that activity. This colection includes the time that is granted for vacation purposes and excludes holiday leaves, sick and emergency leaves. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vacation' and sense 1 of 'holiday' in WordNet: 1. (9) vacation, holiday - (leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure; we get two weeks of vacation every summer; we took a short holiday in Puerto Rico) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval . :Vaccinating :en "vaccinating" ; :wnsense "vaccinate1v", "vaccination1n" ; :wordnet "vaccinate", "vaccination" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Vaccinating can be performed on a human or non-human animal. In either case it is a ProfessionalServicing. The type of animal can be pointed to by 'hadAnimalTreated' and the individual animal by 'hadBeneficiary'. hasPurpose immunizing immunity resistance to disease @antigen?? NOTE that the goal is 'immunization' but WN has that as a synonym - need to be differentiated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vaccinate' in WordNet: 1. immunize, immunise, inoculate, vaccinate - (perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation; 'We vaccinate against scarlet fever'; 'The nurse vaccinated the children in the school') WN noun 'vaccination': 1. (1) inoculation, vaccination - (taking a vaccine as a precaution against contracting a disease) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttemptingActivity, :ProfessionalServicing, :TakingCareOfSomething, :TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAnimalTreated ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immunization ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ; owl:someValuesFrom :Immunization ] . :Vaccine :wnsense "vaccine1n" ; :wordnet "vaccine" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Vaccine'' is a type of Antigen that is administered to a Person (or other animal) to induce immunity to some infectious disease. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vaccine' in WordNet: 1. (1) vaccine, vaccinum - (immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antigen, :OrganicSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Immunization ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Vacuum :guid "be010919-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vacuity1n", "vacuum1n" ; :wordnet "vacuity", "vacuum" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The formal meaning of a '''Vacuum'' is a Region of space that has no matter in it. This is never achievable in practice if for no other reason all space is permeated with radiation, and radiation has mass. In practice this means a 'partial vacuum', which should have no more than one-tenth atmosphere pressure of gas in it. For lower values of pressure, 'high vacuum' can be used. The ''Vacuum'' of this type will cause a noticeable sucking if it is exposed to the atosphere. This includes the partial vaccum created by a ''VacuumCleaner' or a 'aspirator vacuum pump' (as in a laboratory). CYC: A specialization of #$EmptySpaceRegion whose instances are connected regions of completely empty space (i.e. space that contains absolutely no tangible material) located in the empirically observable universe. NOTE: In COSMO an ''Absence'' is considered as an Event,so it is disjoint with a ''Region''; this type ''Vacuum'' is actually the Event of 'no matter present' occurring in a ''PhysicalSpaceRegion''. If required, an alternative perspective could be to represent a Vacuum as a ''PhysicalSpaceRegion'' that has no matter. (doesNotContainSubstance Matter) - perhaps called 'RegionOfVacuum' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vacuum' in WordNet: 1. (12) vacuum, vacuity - (the absence of matter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Absence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Matter ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalSpaceRegion ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :VacuumCleaner :guid "bd58ddc9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vacuum cleaner1n", "vacuum4n" ; :wordnet "vacuum", "vacuum cleaner" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all vacuum cleaners. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vacuum cleaner' in WordNet: 1. (1) vacuum, vacuum cleaner - (an electrical home appliance that cleans by suction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningDevice, :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vacuum ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vacuuming ; owl:onProperty :isaRequiredInstrumentForAction ] . :Vacuuming :guid "bd58b7b5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vacuum-clean1n", "vacuum1v" ; :wordnet "vacuum", "vacuum-clean" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Cleaning a Floor with a VacuumCLeaner. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'vacuum' in WordNet: 1. (2) vacuum, vacuum-clean, hoover - (clean with a vacuum cleaner; 'vacuum the carpets') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningaFloor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VacuumCleaner ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :Vagina :guid "bd58f507-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vagina1n" ; :wordnet "vagina" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The passage which leads from the outer sex organs of female animals to the uterus. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vagina' in WordNet: 1. vagina - (the lower part of the female reproductive tract; a moist canal in female mammals extending from the labia minora to the uterus; 'the vagina receives the penis during coitus'; 'the vagina is elastic enough to allow the passage of a fetus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart-Female, :Duct, :SexOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :VaginalAdministration :en "vaginal administration" ; a :MedicalTreatmentType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Inserting a drug into the Vagina." ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdministeringaDrug, :PuttingSomethingIntoSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ; owl:someValuesFrom :Suppository ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isIntoInteriorOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Vagina ] . :Vague :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :TextualMaterial ; :isTheOppositeOf :Defined ; :wnsense "undefined1adj", "vague2adj" ; :wordnet "undefined", "vague" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vague'' is an attribute of texts, Assertions, or propositions which are *not* easy to understand *precisely* because they may be ambiguous, or not defined. Opposite 'precise'? This type includes all of the meanings suggested in the gloss for sense 2 of 'vague' in Wordnet, but is mostly intended to characterize terms that are ambiguous or undefined. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'vague' in Wordnet: 2. (9) undefined, vague - (not precisely limited, determined, or distinguished; 'an undefined term'; 'undefined authority'; 'some undefined sense of excitement'; 'vague feelings of sadness'; 'a vague uneasiness') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nebulous, :Unclear . :Vaguely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :DifficultToUnderstand, :Vague ; :wnsense "mistily2adv", "vaguely1adv" ; :wordnet "mistily", "vaguely" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vaguely'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies objects and assertions in different ways, both of which are included in this type. This should be differentiated but the WN relation of adjective to adverb does not appear precise. More examples needed to differentiate properly. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vaguely' in WordNet: 1. (14) vaguely, mistily - (in a vague way; 'he looked vaguely familiar'; 'he explained it somewhat mistily') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Valedictorian :wnsense "valedictorian1n", "valedictory speaker1n" ; :wordnet "valedictorian", "valedictory speaker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''Valedictorian'' is usually the student with the highest ''AverageCourseGrade'' for the entire period (typically four years) when that Student attended that school. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'valedictorian' in WordNet: 1. valedictorian, valedictory speaker - (the student with the best grades who usually delivers the valedictory address at commencement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scholar, :Student . :Valentine :wnsense "valentine1n" ; :wordnet "valentine" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Valentine'' is a ''LovedOne'' to whom one sends a Valentine's Day greeting. This is traditionally only one person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'valentine' in WordNet: 1. valentine - (a sweetheart chosen to receive a greeting on Saint Valentine's Day; 'will you be my valentine?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sweetheart . :Valid :isTheOppositeOf :Invalid ; :wnsense "valid2adj" ; :wordnet "valid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Valid'' is a property of a Document or Right that attests to something (a state or Right) or provides authoritative permission (as does a License) to perform some actions. Such Documents or Rights are generally ''LegallyBinding'' at the time they were made, but may expire. This attribute specifies that the Document or Right has not yet expired as of the time the assertion ''valid'' is made. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'valid' in WordNet: 2. valid - (still legally acceptable; 'the license is still valid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acceptable . :Validating :wnsense "formalise1adj", "formalize2v", "validate1v" ; :wordnet "formalise", "formalize", "validate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'validate' in WordNet: 1. (2) validate, formalize, formalise - (declare or make legally valid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Authorizing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accreditation ; owl:onProperty :causedCreationOf ] . :Valley :guid "bd590a19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "valley" ; :wnsense "valley1n" ; :wordnet "valley" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A topographical feature of significantly lower altitude than the area surrounding it. A #$Valley is distinguished from a #$Basin by having sharper sides, and typically has #$Mountains (or smaller elevations) surrounding it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'valley' in WordNet: 1. (27) valley, vale - (a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :Concavity, :GeographicalDepresson, :Ground, :MajorTerrainFeature, :OutdoorGeographicalObject, :OutdoorObject, :Slope-Topographical, :TerrainLowGround, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :River ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ] . :Valuable :isTheOppositeOf :Worthless ; :ldoce "valuable" ; :wnsense "valuable1adj", "valuable2adj" ; :wordnet "valuable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of substances or objects that are considered (by their possesor or potential possessor) to have some positive value. This is for both monetary and emotional value. For high levels of value, the monetary and emotional are distinguished as 'Precious' and 'cherished', respectively. Includes both adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'valuable' in WordNet: 1. (16) valuable - (having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange; 'another human being equally valuable in the sight of God'; 'valuable diamond') 2. (5) valuable, worthful - (having worth or merit or value; 'a valuable friend'; 'a good and worthful man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :Valuable-PersonalPossession :guid "cbe2ba18-a5c2-41d8-8d98-cf4ddffbb549" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory. Each instance of #$Valuable-PersonalPossession is a relatively small, relatively valuable #$PortableObject: a personal possession that one might lock away (e.g. in a #$BankVault) for safekeeping. Notable specializations are #$TenderObject, #$Jewelry, and #$PersonalSetOfKeys.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalPossession, :PortableObject . :ValuableThing a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anything that has value to a cognitive agent. The value does not have to be monetary, it can be sentimental. The thing can be an object, a right, a substance, or something intangible such as friendship or knowledge. Anything that would cause distress to an agent if it were lost is a valuable thing. Anything that can be used to help an agent achieve desired goals (e.g. food) is also a valuable thing - see the subtype 'Resource'. Anything that an intelligent agent would pay money to obtain is a valuable thing; in this case, the 'value' is at least approximately quantifiable. NOTE that 'valuable', as with 'Worthless' are EvaluativeAttributes, and some people may consider a thing 'valuable' while others consider it 'worthless'; the two are not disjoint. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Valuable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ValuableThingType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """a metatype that can be used as an argument restriction for relations that take a subtype of ValuableThing as one of their arguments..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Valuation :takesValue :MoneyMeasure ; :wnsense "valuation2n" ; :wordnet "valuation" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Valuation'' is a subtype of ''Value'', whose associated AttributeValues indicate the positive quality(s) that make something desirable or useful. These associated attributes may include, in addition to monetary value, other things of value (such as esteem or prestige) For a 'valuation' that expresses an opinion on some value other than the *monetary* value of something, use ''Evaluation''. This AttributeValue is estimated by a process of ''Evaluating''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'valuation' in WordNet: 2. valuation - (assessed price; 'the valuation of this property is much too high') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Value, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evaluating ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :Value :ldoce "value", "worth" ; :wnsense "value2n", "value3n", "worth1n", "worth2n" ; :wordnet "value", "worth" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Value' is an AttributeType whose associated AttributeValues indicate the positive quality(s) that make something desirable or useful, or indicate what must be given in exchange to obtain that something. A 'Value' may be verbal ('sentimental value only') or monetary; for many things, the value will depend on the agent whose own interests determine whether something is desirable, and to what degree. A more specific value is 'Cost', what must be given in exchange to obtain a thing, and a subtype of 'Cost' is 'Price', which is a value that any of many agents would have to pay for some item on sale. @ToDo: relation to 'Valuable'??? Perhaps AttributeValue 'PositiveValue' which would have levels - then relation: 'hasaHighLevelOf'. Any Other attributes can use such a relation?? For the specific value in monetary units, use 'MonetaryValue'; if an object is for sale, use 'Price'. Includes noun senses 2 and 3 of 'value' and senses 1 and 2 of 'worth' in WordNet; NOTE that sense 1 of 'worth' needs to be implemented as a function, taking the preceding measure and returning a measure of something that is equivalent in Value @ToDo (for FOL implementation): in WordNet: 2. (52) value - (the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable; 'the Shakespearean Shylock is of dubious value in the modern world') 3. (14) value, economic value - (the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else; 'he tried to estimate the value of the produce at normal prices') WN noun 'worth': 1. (5) worth - (an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value; '10 dollars worth of gasoline') 2. (4) worth - (the quality that renders something desirable or valuable or useful) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :ValueHistory a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ValueHistory is a specialized form of historical narrative, the essential component of which is a table (an instance of ValueTimeTable) of the values of some attribute for some entity as a function of time. The other components of the ValueHistory specify the entity being described, the type of value repreented in the ValueTimeTable, and any other information needed to properly interpret the ValueTimeTable. NOTE that the time intervals need not be contiguous, and the history does not have to be complete. Since this is a type of Group, there must be at least two Attribute + Time entries in the history.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :HistoricalNarrative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ValueTimeTable ] . :ValueRange a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ValueRange (range of values) can be expressed either by giving the low and high values, or by giving a mean value with potential deviations. The two modes of expression may have different meanings, so they are represented as 'SimpleRange' and 'UniformRange' in COSMO. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BandOfValues, :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :ValueTimeEntry a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ValueTimeEntry is an OrderedGroup of which the first element is an AttributeValue and the second element is a time point or time interval specifying when that attributeValue held, or was observed. The OrderedGroup (row of the table) may have other ancillary information regarding the circumstances of that observation or measurement. The list of attributes over time has some similarity to a FunctionalProcess, though the latter relates the assertions themselves, rather than the values.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :TemporalLocation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :AttributeValue ] . :ValueTimeTable a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ValueTimeTable is a Table describing the history of some AttributeValue of an entity over time. Each row of the Table is a List of which the first element is an AttributeValue and the second element is a time point or time interval specifying when that AttributeValue held, or was observed. The List (row of the table) may have other ancillary information regarding the circumstances of that observation or measurement. NOTE that there may be only one row in the table, representing the AttributeValue at only one time. NOTE also that a ValueTimeTable resembles in one respect a FunctionalProcess, in that it specifies attributes as a function of time. But the internal structure differs from that of a FunctionalProcess. A FunctionalProcess consists of a Group of assertions, but even if the rows of a ValueTimeTablecontained all the same information in an assertion, it would not be considered as an Assertion. If properly structured, a 'hasAttribute' assertion should be able to be reconstructed from each row of a ValueTimeTable.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Table, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :ValueTimeEntry ] . :Valve :guid "bea8b013-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "valve1n", "valve2n", "valve3n" ; :wordnet "valve" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Valves, whether biological or manufactured. Each instance of this collection consists of a section of #$FluidConduit with at least one moving part which can limit the volume or direction of flow within a system depending upon how it is situated or simply the moving parts within the #$FluidConduit which perform this action. Includes noun senses 1 2 and 3 of 'valve' in Wordnet: 1. (2) valve - (a structure in a hollow organ (like the heart) with a flap to insure one-way flow of fluid through it) 2. (1) valve - (device in a brass wind instrument for varying the length of the air column to alter the pitch of a tone) 3. valve - (control consisting of a mechanical device for controlling the flow of a fluid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlStructure-Physical, :Portal . :Vampire :guid "bf21eb48-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lamia1n", "vampire1n" ; :wordnet "lamia", "vampire" ; a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all vampires - mythological creatures (perhaps animated corpses) that bite the necks of their human victims and drink their blood. The victims then turn into vampires themselves. Vampires can be 'killed' by driving a stake into their hearts or cremating them, sleep in coffins during the daytime and are active only at night, and have a strong aversion to sunlight and garlic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vampire' in WordNet: 1. vampire, lamia - ((folklore) a corpse that rises at night to drink the blood of the living) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeadPerson, :Evildoer, :IntelligentAgent, :MythicalThing, :SentientAnimal, :TerrestrialOrganism, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NocturnallyActive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Blood ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Van :wnsense "van4n" ; :wordnet "van" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A '''Van'' is a 'Truck'' that has an enclosed (with a roof) cargo space. A ''Van'' can be only large enough to hold one couch (not too long) or can be large enough to hold several roomfuls of furniture. For the small vans, the 'freight' carried can be personal, and not carried for commercial purposes. The smallest ''Van''s are called 'minivan'. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'van' in WordNet: 4. van - (a truck with an enclosed cargo space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Truck, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CarryingFreight ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LandVehicleRoof ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Vanadium :guid "bd58862e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "23"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "V2n", "vanadium1n" ; :wordnet "V", "vanadium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This represents the set of all pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of vanadium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vanadium' in WordNet: 1. vanadium, V, atomic number 23 - (a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Vandalism :guid "bd58ffe7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vandalism1n" ; :wordnet "vandalism" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The intentional damaging or destruction of property which you have no right to damage or destroy. SUMO: An event where the objective of the agent is to damage or destroy some property of another agent. This is distinguished from acts where the prime objective is damage or loss of life of another agent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vandalism' in Wordnet: 1. (1) vandalism, hooliganism, malicious mischief - (willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :Crime, :HostileSocialAction, :IntentionalDestruction . :VanillaBean :wnsense "vanilla bean1n" ; :wordnet "vanilla bean" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vanilla bean' in WordNet: 1. vanilla bean - (long bean-like fruit; seeds are used as flavoring) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeanLikeFruit . :VanillaExtract :wnsense "vanilla extract1n", "vanilla2n" ; :wordnet "vanilla", "vanilla extract" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vanilla extract' in WordNet: 1. vanilla, vanilla extract - (a flavoring prepared from vanilla beans macerated in alcohol (or imitating vanilla beans)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Orchid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VanillaFlavor ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :VanillaFlavor :wnsense "vanilla3n" ; :wordnet "vanilla" ; a :TasteType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vanilla' in WordNet: 3. vanilla - (a distinctive fragrant flavor characteristic of vanilla beans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TasteAttribute . :VanillaIceCream :hasColor :White ; :hasComponentSubstance :Milk, :Sugar ; :wnsense "vanilla ice cream1n" ; :wordnet "vanilla ice cream" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''White'' ''IceCream'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vanilla ice cream' in WordNet: 1. vanilla ice cream - (ice cream flavored with vanilla extract) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IceCream, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VanillaExtract ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :White ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ] . :VanillaPlant :wnsense "vanilla1n" ; :wordnet "vanilla" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vanilla' in WordNet: 1. vanilla - (any of numerous climbing plants of the genus Vanilla having fleshy leaves and clusters of large waxy highly fragrant white or green or topaz flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Orchid . :Vanuatu a :Country . :Vapor :en "vapor" ; :enn "vapor" ; :guid "c1efcf18-87d8-41d7-8ad5-834e3637b69a" ; :isProducedByEventType :Vaporization ; a :GasType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter. Each instance of #$Vapor is a tangible thing in a gaseous state, and is an instance of a type of substance whose instances are in either a solid or liquid form under ordinary conditions. NOTE: the only sense of vapor' in WN is a 'visible' suspension. This ''Vapor'' is a gas, and therefore is not usually visible. For the WN 'vapor' use ''CloudlikeObject''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vaporization ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :VaporPressure :wnsense "vapor pressure1n", "vapour pressure1n" ; :wordnet "vapor pressure", "vapour pressure" ; a :AttributeValueType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'VaporPressure' is a OrderedPair in which the first element is the temperature at which the vapor pressure property holds, and the second element is a pressure. This is a property of a PhysicalSubstance. To relate more than one VaporPressure to a substance with one relation, it is possible to use. An instance of VaporPressure can be labeled by use of the 'VP' prefix. NOTE: one might define a VaporPressure by including the substance, but the substance is already mentioned in relating a VaporPressure to this type of AttributeValue. To relate a PhysicalSubstance to a set of vapor pressures depending on temperature, use 'VaporPressureGroup'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vapor pressure' in WordNet: 1. (10) vapor pressure, vapour pressure - (the pressure exerted by a vapor; often understood to mean saturated vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :OrderedPair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :TemperatureMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PressureMeasure ] . :VaporPressureGroup a :AttributeValueType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'VaporPressure' is a Group of VaporPressures (each of which which is an OrderedPair specifying a TemperatureMeasure and a PressureMeasure for the substance at that TemperatureMeasure.. A VaporPressureTable will in general be distinctive for a particular substance, but in theory it is possible for two different substances to have the same vapor pressures (for temperatures listed in the table and within the limits of the measurement), so instances of this type do not have to be linked to only one substance. An instance of VaporPressureGroup can be labeled by use of the 'VP' prefix. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :QuantitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :VaporPressure ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Vaporization :guid "d301a6f2-8ace-41d7-95aa-b78daee0c8df" ; :wnsense "evaporate2v", "evaporate3v", "evaporation1n", "gasify1v", "vaporise2v", "vaporise3v", "vaporization2n", "vaporize1v", "vaporize3v" ; :wordnet "evaporate", "evaporation", "gasify", "vaporise", "vaporization", "vaporize" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Each instance of #$Vaporization is an event in which a liquid or solid transforms into its gaseous state. Important specializations include #$Aerosolizing, #$Evaporating, and #$Boiling. The latter two rely on heat to catalyze the reaction, and the former uses pressure. NOTE: this type includes transitive and intransitive senses,which can be differentiated. @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vaporize' in Wordnet: 1. (1) gasify, vaporize, vaporise, aerify - (turn into gas; 'The substance gasified') 3. evaporate, vaporize, vaporise - (lose or cause to lose liquid by vaporization leaving a more concentrated residue; 'evaporate milk') WN noun 'vaporization': 2. vaporization, vaporisation, vapor, vapour, evaporation - (the process of becoming a vapor) WN verb 'vaporise': 2. evaporate, vaporise - (change into a vapor; 'The water evaporated in front of our eyes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StateChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Condensing ; owl:onProperty :reversesTheEffectOf ] . :Vaporized :isAnAttributeValueOf :Vapor ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Vaporization ; :wnsense "gasified1adj", "vaporized1adj" ; :wordnet "gasified", "vaporized" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vaporized'' is the attribute of something that has changed from a solid or liquid phase into a gas. That gas is its ''Vapor''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vaporized' in Wordnet: 1. gasified, vaporized, vapourised, volatilized, volatilised - (converted into a gas or vapor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Variability :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :BecomingEvent ; :wnsense "variability1n", "variableness1n", "variance5n" ; :wordnet "variability", "variableness", "variance" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Variability'' is a more intense subtype of ''Changeability'', for things that can change frequently or by a large amount,or change in one direction followed by the reverse direction, at regular or irregular intervals.. This can also be used for types of things having attributes that can vary from one instance to another, or from one sampling to another: 'variabilty of moisture from batch to batch'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'variability' in WordNet: 1. (2) variability, variableness, variance - (the quality of being subject to variation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changeability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Variable ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Variable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :VaryingEvent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :VaryingEvent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Constant ; :wnsense "variable1adj" ; :wordnet "variable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Variable' is An AttributeValue of things that can change or be changed, or more commonly used, have a tendency to change spontaneously. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'variable' in WordNet: 1. (6) variable - (liable to or capable of change; 'rainfall in the tropics is notoriously variable'; 'variable winds'; 'variable expenses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :VariableArityRelation :en "variable arity relation" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Relations that do not have a fixed number of arguments. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Relation . :VariableLengthMeasure :en "variable length", "variable length measure" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtifactObject ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VariableLengthMeasure'' is anattribute of ArtifactObjects whose ''LengthMeasure'' may be changed reversbly without hanging the nature of the Object. The functioning of the object may change depending on the length during some time or interval of use. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :VariableQuantity :wnsense "variable quantity1n", "variable2n" ; :wordnet "variable", "variable quantity" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """>A ''VariablQuantity'' is a ''MathematicalQuantity''that may vary in value throughout some specific calculation, in contrast to a ''ConstantQuantity'' whose value does not vary. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'variable' in WordNet: 2. (2) variable, variable quantity - (a quantity that can assume any of a set of values) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MathematicalQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Variable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :VariableThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anything that can vary, or, more commonly, has a tendency to vary spontaneously. Something variable. Includes noun senses 1,2, and 4 of 'variable' in WordNet: 1. (4) variable - (something that is likely to vary; something that is subject to variation; 'the weather is one variable to be considered') 2. (2) variable, variable quantity - (a quantity that can assume any of a set of values) 4. variable - (a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Variable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Variance :wnsense "variance3n" ; :wordnet "variance" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'variance' in WordNet: 3. variance - (the second moment around the mean; the expected value of the square of the deviations of a random variable from its mean value) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MomentOfaDistribution . :Variant :wnsense "variant4n", "variation4n" ; :wordnet "variant", "variation" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Variant'' is an Object or Action or Specification (for an Object or Action) that is created (br a natural process or an Action) by copying *parts* (usually most) of a pre-exising Object or Action, but with some part(s). If doneintentionally, the purpose would usually be to improve that resulting Object or Action in some way, or perhaps as anexperiment. Broadly applicable to dramatic play ''Adaptation''s, revisions of documents or software, updating factual texts, or any thing that can be improved by changes to the design. NOTE that this does not include changes to a specific PhysicalObject, only changes that appear in modified copies of an Object or action, or changes to an abstract object that may be reflected in physical representations. For natural processes, the most salient ''Variant''s are ''Mutant''s. This is broadly applicable to Objects and Actions; a ''Copy'' is for objects only, so although there is some conceptual overlap ther is no subtype relation. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'variant' in WordNet: 4. version, variant, variation, edition - (something a little different from others of the same type; 'an experimental version of the night fighter'; 'a variant of the same word'; 'an emery wheel is the modern variation of a grindstone'; 'the boy is a younger edition of his father') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Modification ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Variegated :isTheOppositeOf :Monochromatic ; :wnsense "variegated1adj" ; :wordnet "variegated" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Variegated'' is an AttributeValue of an Object that has at least two different surface colors. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'variegated' in WordNet: 1. (1) varicolored, varicoloured, variegated - (having a variety of colors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Colored . :Variety :ldoce "variety" ; :wnsense "assortment1n", "miscellanea1n", "miscellany1n", "mixed bag1n", "mixture3n", "motley1n", "potpourri1n", "salmagundi1n", "smorgasbord1n", "variety1n" ; :wordnet "assortment", "miscellanea", "miscellany", "mixed bag", "mixture", "motley", "potpourri", "salmagundi", "smorgasbord", "variety" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Variety' is a Group of things that are 'Various' (diverse) in some attribute or type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'variety' in WordNet: 1. (23) assortment, mixture, mixed bag, miscellany, miscellanea, variety, salmagundi, smorgasbord, potpourri, motley - (a collection containing a variety of sorts of things; 'a great assortment of cars was on display'; 'he had a variety of disorders'; 'a veritable smorgasbord of religions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Various ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Various :ldoce "various" ; :wnsense "assorted2adj", "diverse2adj", "various1adj", "various3adj", "various4adj", "versatile1adj" ; :wordnet "assorted", "diverse", "various", "versatile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Various' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for some Group (there should be more than 2) of entities that are independent of each other, not part of a common thing. This may apply to Objects or Events or to Attributes. Using this AttributeValue asserts that there are at least three individuals or types in the Group thus characterized. Includes adjective senses 1, 3, and 4 of 'various' and sense 2 of 'diverse' in WordNet: 1. (47) assorted, various - (of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity; 'assorted sizes'; 'his disguises are many and various'; 'various experiments have failed to disprove the theory'; 'cited various reasons for his behavior') 3. (3) diverse, various - (distinctly dissimilar or unlike; 'celebrities as diverse as Bob Hope and Bob Dylan'; 'animals as various as the jaguar and the cavy and the sloth') 4. (2) versatile, various - (having great diversity or variety; 'his various achievements are impressive'; 'his vast and versatile erudition') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Different . :Varmint :wnsense "varmint2n" ; :wordnet "varmint" ; a :BeastType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An undesirable predatory or scavenging WildAnimal such as a coyote or wolf, making itself a nuisance by endangering humans or their property, especially livestock. The regional word 'varmint' is used because there does not appear to be a more common single-word synonym. NOTE that the category 'Vermin' is somewhat similar, but is used for animals that can infest living quarters, and are therefore generally smaller than a 'Varmint'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'varmint' in WordNet: 2. varmint, varment - (any usually predatory wild animal considered undesirable; e.g., coyote) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mammal, :Predator, :Quadruped, :UndesirableThing, :Vermin . :Varnish :guid "bd58f35e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "varnish1n" ; :wordnet "varnish" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A colorless form of ''Paint'' which dries to a clear and usually glossy coating, IT ma be used as a sealant. CYC: Clearish liquid applied to wood in order to seal and protect it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'varnish' in WordNet: 1. varnish - (paint that provides a hard glossy transparent coating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :CoatingMaterial, :ConsumableProduct, :LiquidSuspension, :Paint, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colorless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Varnishing :guid "bd58ab0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "seal5v", "varnish1v" ; :wordnet "seal", "varnish" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Applying varnish to a piece of wood. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'varnish' in WordNet: 1. varnish, seal - (cover with varnish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingaFinish, :SingleDoerAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Varnish ; owl:onProperty :consumes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Varnish ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Varsity :wnsense "first team1n", "varsity team1n", "varsity2n" ; :wordnet "first team", "varsity", "varsity team" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'varsity' in WordNet: 2. varsity, first team - (a team representing a college or university) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Team, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepresentingaSchool ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Varying :isAnAttributeValueOf :AttributeValue, :PhysicalObject, :SituationProcessEventOrState ; :wnsense "variable2adj", "varying1adj" ; :wordnet "variable", "varying" ; a :AdjectiveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Varying'' is an attribute used to characterize things (objects, Events, Attributes) that can change while some salient participant in a situation reains constant. This can be one object varying in properties over time, or processes may vary in intensity over time, or a Group of things that may vary in some property within the Group. Very broad, and might use subtypes if observed usage suggests clear logical differentiation. 'variable stars' 'varying winds' 'descended to varying depths'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'varying' in Wordnet: 1. (8) varying, variable - (marked by diversity or difference; 'the varying angles of roof slope'; 'nature is infinitely variable') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changing . :VaryingEvent :en "varying" ; :ldoce "vary" ; :wnsense "variation1n", "variation2n", "variation7n", "vary1v" ; :wordnet "variation", "vary" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some individual Entity changes a property that has remained constant for some interval of time, in particular by changing some property that is expected from past observation, including changing a property more than once in some interval of time. This is distinguished from the more general 'change' represented by the parent ''BecomingEvent''. To say that something 'varies' is commonly used to indicate a number of changes, but this type only requires that some property either (1) change to a different value after having remained constant for some significant period of time, or (2) change more than once in some TimeInterval. A single change from a norm is represented by the type ''Deviation'' which is a subEvent of this type. NOTE that when some property of an object or system changes first in one direction and then in some opposite direction, that is represented under the subtype ''Fluctating''. This is specifically for multiple changes over time, whether or not caused by or correlated with some variable (e.g. 'variable stars'). However, this does not include the sense of 'varying' with location, or prices varying with vendor (however, the price from one vendor varying over time is an instance), or some attribute varying from individual to individual - this sense is only for some attribute of an individual varying over time. This type includes parts of senses 1 and 3 of verb 'vary' and noun senses 1, 2, and 7 of 'variation' in WordNet, and includes both transitive and intransitive senses (which may be separated in a future revision): in WordNet: 1. (28) change, alter, vary - (make or become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; 'her mood changes in accordance with the weather'; 'The supermarket's selection of vegetables varies according to the season') 3. (7) vary - (be subject to change in accordance with a variable; 'Prices vary'; 'His moods vary depending on the weather') WN noun 'variation': 1. (29) variation, fluctuation - (an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change) 2. (9) variation, variance - (an activity that varies from a norm or standard; 'any variation in his routine was immediately reported') 7. variation - (the process of varying or being varied) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BecomingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Deviation ] . :VasDeferens :guid "be3bfb6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "ductus deferens1n", "vas deferens1n" ; :wordnet "ductus deferens", "vas deferens" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all vas deferens vessels. An individual member of this collection is one of two #$AnatomicalVessels that transmit #$SpermCells from the #$Testicle to the #$EjaculatoryDuct (and #$SeminalVesicle) on the same side of the body in a male #$Vertebrate. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vas deferens' in WordNet: 1. vas deferens, ductus deferens - (a duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnatomicalVessel, :Duct . :VascularPlant :wnsense "tracheophyte1n", "vascular plant1n" ; :wordnet "tracheophyte", "vascular plant" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vascular plant' in WordNet: 1. vascular plant, tracheophyte - (green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant, :TerrestrialOrganism . :Vase :wnsense "vase1n" ; :wordnet "vase" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A nearly cylindrical ''Jar'' (open top container) made of glass, ceramic, plastic, or metal (such as silverplate or stering silver) that usually has no cap (except for some cases of the subtype ''Urn''), and usually is intended to hold flowers that stick out above the top. COSMO usage note; this type is a combination of 'vases' that can hold cut flowers, or contain some objects, such as a funerary urn. The large ornamental vases not designed or intended for or incapable of such use is an ''OrnamentalVase'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vase' in WordNet: 1. (12) vase - (an open jar of glass or porcelain used as an ornament or to hold flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Holder, :Jar, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ornamental ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Vasectomy :wnsense "vasectomy1n" ; :wordnet "vasectomy" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This operation is considered as a ''SterilizingAnAnimal'' - which may only be accurate if both Vas tubes are cut. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vasectomy' in WordNet: 1. vasectomy - (surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization); is sometimes reversible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CuttingSomething, :SterilizingAnAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MalePerson ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VasDeferens ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Vassal :wnsense "feudatory1n", "liege subject1n", "liege1n", "liegeman1n", "vassal1n" ; :wordnet "feudatory", "liege", "liege subject", "liegeman", "vassal" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Vassal' is a ''Follower'' subject to a ''LiegeLord'' in the ''Feudalism'' System. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vassal' in WordNet: 1. vassal, liege, liegeman, liege subject, feudatory - (a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Follower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiegeLord ; owl:onProperty :hasLeader ] . :Vastly :isMoreIntensiveThan :Extremely ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Huge ; :wnsense "immensely1adv", "vastly1adv" ; :wordnet "immensely", "vastly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vastly'' is smilar to ''Enormously'' in characterizing things that are extremely large or much more intense than others, but the terms 'vastly' and ''immensely' usually precede adjectives or comparatives of adjectives to modify their intensity by a large degree. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vastly' in Wordnet: 1. (6) vastly, immensely - (to an exceedingly great extent or degree; 'He had vastly overestimated his resources'; 'was immensely more important to the project as a scientist than as an administrator') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Extremely . :Vat :wnsense "vat2n" ; :wordnet "vat" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Vat'' is a large ''LiquidContainer'' that is usually open-topped but may have a removable or permanent cap. in WordNet: 2. (1) tub, vat - (a large open vessel for holding or storing liquids) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tub . :VaticanCityState a :Country . :VaultedRoof :en "vaulted roof" ; :enn "vaulted roof" ; :wnsense "vault3n" ; :wordnet "vault" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VaultedRoof'' is a ''Roof'' is supported by arches made of ''Stone'', but is not a ''Dome''. Impressive examples are found in ''Cathedral''s from medieval times to now. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vault' in WordNet: 3. vault - (an arched brick or stone ceiling or roof) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Roof, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stone ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Veal :guid "bd58c1ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "veal1n", "veau1n" ; :wordnet "veal", "veau" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Meat from young domestic cattle. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'veal' in WordNet: 1. veal, veau - (meat from a calf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Calf ; owl:onProperty :isTheMeatOf ] . :Vector-Precise :guid "bd58dd86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vector2n" ; :wordnet "vector" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$VectorInterval. An instance VECTOR of #$VectorInterval is also an instance of #$Vector-Precise just in case both the direction and magnitude of VECTOR are single values, rather than ranges of values. One example of a #$Vector-Precise is '5 feet due West'. An important specialization of #$Vector-Precise is #$UnitVector-Precise. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vector' in WordNet: 2. vector - (a straight line segment whose length is magnitude and whose orientation in space is direction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VectorInterval . :VectorInterval :guid "bd58ec12-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$NTupleOfIntervals. Each instance of #$VectorInterval is an n-tuple of intervals (where n > 1), one of which is a direction. Like the instances of #$ScalarInterval, the intervals in an instance of #$VectorInterval may be point-valued or cover a range of values. The minimal interval (i.e., point-valued) type of vector interval is exemplified by a vector such as '10' meters due east'. Vectors may also cover a range of values; e.g., 'at least 10 feet away and in a horizontal direction'; 'between ten to twelve miles NNW'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quantity-Vector . :VectorOverGround a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A vector which represents the speed of an object and the direction, with the direction constrained to be confined to the Earth's geoid, i.e. within the two-dimensional plane defined by the Earth's surface. One component of the VectorOverGround will be the SpeedOverGround, which see..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :VelocityVector . :Veering :wnsense "curve1v", "cut3v", "sheer1v", "slew1v", "slue1v", "swerve1v", "veer1v" ; :wordnet "curve", "cut", "sheer", "slew", "slue", "swerve", "veer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Veering'' is a ''ChangingDirectionOfMotion'' that is both a large change or is performed more suddenly or more quickly than is typical. 'The car veered off the highway into a ditch.' This is intransitive, performed by the moving object. NOTE: 'trend' is a slow change of direction, not part of this type; omitted. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'veer' in WordNet: 1. (8) swerve, sheer, curve, trend, veer, slue, slew, cut - (turn sharply; change direction abruptly; 'The car cut to the left at the intersection'; 'The motorbike veered to the right') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChangingDirectionOfMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirectionMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :MovingThing ] . :Vega :wnsense "Vega2n" ; :wordnet "Vega" ; a :Star ; rdfs:comment """ WN sense 2 of 'Vega': in WordNet: 2. Vega - (the brightest star in the constellation Lyra) """ . :Vegan :guid "be7ca10d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vegan1n" ; :wordnet "vegan" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Person that subscribe to #$VeganBeliefs. NOTE: (not necessarily from the star ''Vega''.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vegan' in WordNet: 1. vegan - (a strict vegetarian; someone who eats no animal or dairy products at all) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vegetarian . :Vegetable-Food :guid "bd58eacd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "vegetable" ; :wnsense "vegetable1n", "veggie1n" ; :wordnet "vegetable", "veggie" ; a :FoodType, :SolidSubstanceType, :SoupComponentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$FoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$Vegetable-Food is a foodstuff which is derived from a plant and is ordinarily considered a vegetable; e.g., a carrot (an instance of #$Carrot-Foodstuff), a potato (an instance of #$Potato-Foodstuff), a lima bean (an instance of #$Bean-Foodstuff), or a tomato (an instance of #$Tomato-Foodstuff). Note that #$Vegetable-Food includes certain plant parts, such as tomatoes, that are technically classified as fruits by botanists, but which are treated as vegetables in food classification. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'vegetable' in WordNet; this is a substance, not an Object, and only the component of the WordNet sense meaning 'foodstuff made of Vetegable matter' is included: in WordNet: 1. (5) vegetable, veggie - (edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitAndVegetableFood, :KosherFood, :SolidFood . :Vegetable-Plant :guid "bd58c247-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "vegetable" ; :wnsense "vegetable2n" ; :wordnet "vegetable" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Plant-NonWoody: a collection of plants that play a special role in human nutrition. Each instance of #$Vegetable-Plant is a plant that produces the edible things that we normally call 'vegetables' (which can include fruits, seeds, stalks, leaves, or other parts, or even the whole plant). For that which we normally call 'cereals', however, see #$CerealPlant. #$Vegetable-Plants grow and produce the vegetables that are eaten; vegetable plants are not necessarily also instances of #$Food. See #$Vegetable-Food for the collection of vegetables - plants or (more usually) plant parts--that are eaten by humans. See 'vegetable-Food' for the foodstuff derived from 'Vegetale-Plant' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vegetable' in WordNet: 2. vegetable - (any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant-NonWoody . :VegetableFoodObject a :FoodObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VegetableFoodObject'' is a SolidFoodObject consisting mostly of ''Vegetable-Food''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FruitOrVegetableObject, :MoistObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vegetable-Food ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :VegetableMatter :guid "bd58c455-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vegetable matter1n" ; :wordnet "vegetable matter" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$NaturalTangibleStuff and #$OrganicStuff. Each instance of #$VegetableMatter is a piece of stuff (solid, liquid, or, improbably but conceivably, gaseous) which is a piece of vegetable material. Important specializations of #$VegetableMatter include #$Plant and #$PlantProduct. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vegetable matter' in WordNet: 1. vegetable matter - (matter produced by plants or growing in the manner of a plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalTangibleStuff, :OrganicSubstance . :VegetableOil :guid "bd589bbf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "oil" ; :wnsense "oil3n", "vegetable oil1n" ; :wordnet "oil", "vegetable oil" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WordNet: sense 3 of 'oil': in WordNet: 3. vegetable oil, oil - (any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oil, :PlantProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Vegetarian :wnsense "vegetarian1n" ; :wordnet "vegetarian" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vegetarian' in WordNet: 1. vegetarian - (eater of fruits and grains and nuts; someone who eats no meat or fish or (often) any animal products) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EatingMeat ; owl:onProperty :doesNotPerformAction ] . :VegetarianCuisine :en "vegetarian cuisine" ; :guid "bd58f46f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :VegetableMatter ; :lacks :Meat ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a type of cuisine which includes plant products, and usually dairy products and eggs, but no animal flesh. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cuisine, :Food, :PreferredThing . :VegetarianPerson :CYC "Vegetarian" ; :guid "bf88f256-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vegetarian1n" ; :wordnet "vegetarian" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'Vegetarian': The collection of all believers in #$VegetarianBeliefs. The subtype that eats no animal products is represented as ''Vegan''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vegetarian' in WordNet: 1. vegetarian - (eater of fruits and grains and nuts; someone who eats no meat or fish or (often) any animal products) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VegetarianCuisine ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PreferringVegetarianCuisine ; owl:onProperty :isTheSubjectOfState ] . :Vegetation :wnsense "botany1n", "flora1n", "vegetation1n" ; :wordnet "botany", "flora", "vegetation" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''Vegetation'' is a subgroup of 'LivingThings' that are all ''Plant''s. This is usually used to refer to the plants in some specific GeographicalArea, but is not restricted in type. This is alwas used for Plants growing outdoors, but that restriction is not included here. One can have ''vegetation' in a grenhouse,and some mice and animal life as well. If necessary this can be made distinct from indoor plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vegetation' in WordNet: 1. (2) vegetation, flora, botany - (all the plant life in a particular region or period; 'Pleistocene vegetation'; 'the flora of southern California'; 'the botany of China') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LivingThings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Plant ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Vegetative :wnsense "vegetative2adj" ; :wordnet "vegetative" ; a :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies that an animal is vegetative, which is categorized here as a more profound state of being unconscious, which also implies that the animal is alive, but not likely to regain consciousness. Meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vegetative' in WordNet: 2. vegetative - (relating to involuntary bodily functions; 'vegetative functions such as digestion or growth or circulation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unconscious . :VehicleBrake :wnsense "brake1n" ; :wordnet "brake" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A VehicleController which is capable of stopping the motion of a Vehicle. This is often mechanical, but may be electronic, as in a 'fly by wire' airplane. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'brake' in Wordnet: 1. (2) brake - (a restraint used to slow or stop a vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VehicleController, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SlowingDownaVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :VehicleCollision :ldoce "crash", "fall" ; :wnsense "crash1v" ; :wordnet "crash" ; a :InsuredEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'VehicleCollision' is a CrashingEvent in which at least one 'TransportationDevice-Vehicle' collides with another PhysicalObject and is damaged due to the Event. This includes all kinds of vehices, land, sea, and air. This is one instance of InsuredEventType. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CrashingEvent . :VehicleController a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any Device which is used to start, stop or control the movements of a Vehicle. This class covers steering wheels, brakes, acceleration pedals, airplane sticks, etc..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ControlDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :controls ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TransportationDeviceType :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ) ] ] . :VehicleFuel a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalSubstance that can be used to power a vehicle. This is in 2008 usually gasoline, but diesel fuel, alcohol, and even hydrogen is now being used to power vehicles, and all such liquid or gaseous fuels that can be used in an internal combustion engine are included in this type. Solid fuels such as coal or wood, though usable in some steam-powered vessels and even possibly in road vehicles, are excluded from this type.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidSubstance, :Fuel . :VehicleMirror :en "vehicle mirror" ; :enn "vehicle mirror" ; :wnsense "car mirror1n" ; :wordnet "car mirror" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'car mirror' in WordNet: 1. car mirror - (a mirror that the driver of a car can use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mirror, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ] . :VehiclePart :guid "bd588183-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice and #$PhysicalPartOfObject. Each instance of #$VehiclePart is a device that is typically a proper part of a vehicle, or is intended to be used as a proper part of a vehicle.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device, :HumanScaleObject, :PartOfanArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ] . :VehicleQueue :wnsense "queue1n", "waiting line1n" ; :wordnet "queue", "waiting line" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VehicleQueue'' is a group of ''RoadVehicle''s lined up to do something in sequence - a waiting list. This is a PhysicalObject - the Group of ''RoadVehicle''s, not something abstract. Corresponds to part(for ''RoadVehicle''s) of noun sense 1 of 'queue' in WordNet: 1. queue, waiting line - (a line of people or vehicles waiting for something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrderedGroup, :PhysicalSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :VehicleRegistrationDocument :wnsense "registration3n" ; :wordnet "registration" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VehicleRegistrationDocument'' is the printed Document that a vehicle has been granted permission to use the public roadways. Corresponds to part (for vehicles) of noun sense 3 of 'registration' in WordNet: 3. registration - (a document certifying an act of registering) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CertificateDocument, :Document-Physical, :LegalDocument . :VehicleRepairFacility :ldoce "garage" ; :wnsense "garage2n", "service department2n" ; :wordnet "garage", "service department" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'RepairFacility' where vehicles (cars, trucks) are repaired. The organiation maintaining the facility may be commercial or not, and the repair facility may be in-house or open to the public.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'garage' inWordNet: in WordNet: 2. garage, service department - (a repair shop where cars and trucks are serviced and repaired) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RepairFacility, :ServiceStation, :SpaceInAHOC, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RepairingMotorVehicles ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :VehicleStorageConstruct :guid "c1007dbc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any structure designed for (not necessarily exclusively) the storage of vehicles.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :FixedStructure, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :VehicleTrack :guid "bf209438-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "track6n" ; :wordnet "track" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Belt-mechanical'' of metal links that support part or all of a vehicle such as a tractor or military ''Tank'', providing traction on unpaved surfaces. CYC: ('VehicleTrack-Device'): The collection of all instances of #$Belt-Mechanical that are the defining feature of #$TrackedVehicles. On such vehicles, each (there are usually two) #$VehicleTrack-Device is strapped around a series of #$LandTransportationWheels. The #$Wheels turn, and the vehicle rolls along the tracks (instead of #$Tires). Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'track' in WordNet: 6. track, caterpillar track, caterpillar tread - (an endless metal belt on which tracked vehicles move over the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Belt-Mechanical . :VehicleTransmisson :wnsense "transmission system1n", "transmission5n" ; :wordnet "transmission", "transmission system" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VehicleTransmisson'' is part of a motor vehicle that coveys the rotating force from the motor to the tires or the rods that connect to the tires. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'transmission' in WordNet: 5. transmission, transmission system - (the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :VehiclePart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ToothedWheel ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :VehicleWindow :en "vehicle window" ; :ldoce "window" ; :wnsense "window6n" ; :wordnet "window" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any Window which is part of a Vehicle, e.g. the Windshield and RearWindow of an Automobile. Not just the opening, this is the glass and any part of the window not part of the frame. Corresponds to part of noun sense 6 of 'window' in WordNet: 6. windowpane, window - (a pane of glass in a window; 'the ball shattered the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VehiclePart, :Window, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSmallPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TransportationDevice-Vehicle :TransportationDeviceType ) ] ] . :VehicularTraffic :wnsense "vehicle traffic1n", "vehicular traffic1n" ; :wordnet "vehicle traffic", "vehicular traffic" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VehicularTraffic'' is a form of traffic on a ''Roadway'' in which a 'RoadVehicle'' transports people and any associated cargo.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vehicular traffic' in WordNet: 1. vehicular traffic, vehicle traffic - (the aggregation of vehicles coming and going in a particular locality) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Traffic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Roadway ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RoadVehicle ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Veil :wnsense "head covering1n", "veil1n" ; :wordnet "head covering", "veil" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Veil'' is an item of ''HeadWear'' worn mostly by women, that covers the head and face. Some ''Veil''s such as a bridal veil are designed to allow the face covering to be pulled back, exposing the face. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'veil' in WordNet: 1. (2) head covering, veil - (a garment that covers the head and face) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Garment, :HeadWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Face ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :Vein :guid "bd58e45a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vein1n" ; :wordnet "vein" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Tubular, branching vessel which carries blood to the heart from the body. SUMO: Any BloodVessel which transfers Blood from the extremities of the body to the Heart. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vein' in Wordnet: 1. (8) vein, vena, venous blood vessel - (a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart; 'all veins except the pulmonary vein carry unaerated blood') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodVessel . :VelocityVector :en "velocity vector" ; :guid "bd590c1f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each element of #$VelocityVector represents both the linear speed and the direction of motion of some tangible object. Indicate a particular object's #$VelocityVector with the predicate #$velocityOfObject. In COSMO a VelocityVector consists of the OrderedPair 'SpeedMeasure' and 'Direction'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrderedPair, :VectorInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasFirstElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SpeedMeasure ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSecondElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :DirectionMeasure ] . :Velvet :wnsense "velvet1n" ; :wordnet "velvet" ; a :PorousSheetType, :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Velvet'' is a ''FlockedFabric'' with a deep 'pile'. Compare ''Velveteen''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'velvet' in WordNet: 1. (2) velvet - (a silky densely piled fabric with a plain back) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlockedFabric, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flocked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Velvety ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Velveteen :wnsense "velveteen1n" ; :wordnet "velveteen" ; a :PorousSheetType, :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Velvet'' is a ''FlockedFabric'' with a 'pile' shorter than that of ''Velvet''.. Compare ''Velvet''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'velveteen' in WordNet: 1. velveteen - (a usually cotton fabric with a short pile imitating velvet) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlockedFabric . :Velvety :isAnAttributeValueOf :Velvet ; :wnsense "velvety1n" ; :wordnet "velvety" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """To be ''Velvety'' is to reflect light like a ''Silky'' object, and to be ''Soft'' due to a surface layer of short 'fibers' in a 'pile'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'velvety' in WordNet: 1. (3) velvet, velvety, velvet-textured - (smooth and soft to sight or hearing or touch or taste) 2. velvet, velvety - (resembling velvet in having a smooth soft surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Silky, :Soft . :VendingMachine :guid "bd58a35b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vending machine1n" ; :wordnet "vending machine" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any machine into which you can put coins or bills , and out comes food! soda! pamphlets! and perhaps some change. This does not include ATM machines or change-making machines; they will have a common genls with #$VendingMachine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vending machine' in WordNet: 1. (4) vending machine - (a slot machine for selling goods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalDevice, :PoweredDevice, :StorageEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Merchandise ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :Vendor :guid "be3fd12b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marketer1n", "seller1n", "trafficker1n", "vender1n", "vendor1n" ; :wordnet "marketer", "seller", "trafficker", "vender", "vendor" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A ''Vendor'' (synonym 'Seller') is an agent that sells something - goods or services - to another agent, whether an individual or a Business. This type includes individuals, groups, organizations - any IntelligentAgent. The WOrdNet sense seems to indicate one who habitually sells, but this type can be applied to the agent of a single ''Sellng'' event. CYC: The collection of all #$LegalAgents who specialize in selling at least one type of #$Product at the wholesale or retail level. Both goods and services are included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vendor' and sense 1 of 'seller' in WordNet: 1. (2) seller, marketer, vender, vendor, trafficker - (someone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent, :LegalAgent, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Selling ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasaVendorTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :LegalAgent ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Selling ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConverseCorrelatedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :Buyer ) ] ] . :Venerable :wnsense "venerable1adj" ; :wordnet "venerable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'venerable' in Wordnet: 1. (1) venerable - (impressive by reason of age; 'a venerable sage with white hair and beard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elderly, :Impressive . :Venerating :wnsense "fear5v", "reverence1v", "reverev", "venerate1v" ; :wordnet "fear", "revere", "reverence", "venerate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'venerate' in WordNet: 1. (1) reverence, fear, revere, venerate - (regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of; 'Fear God as your father'; 'We venerate genius') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EsteemingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousFigure ; owl:onProperty :hasDirectObject ] . :VenerealDisease :guid "c10c1c2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Cupid's disease1n", "Cupid's itch1n", "VD1n", "Venus's curse1n", "dose3n", "sexually transmitted disease1n", "social disease1n", "venereal disease1n", "venereal infection1n" ; :wordnet "Cupid's disease", "Cupid's itch", "VD", "Venus's curse", "dose", "sexually transmitted disease", "social disease", "venereal disease", "venereal infection" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In CYC 'SexuallyTransmittedInfection'. RHW 'dose': 5. Slang. a case of gonorrhea or syphilis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'venereal disease' in WordNet: 1. venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease, Venus's curse, sexually transmitted disease, dose - (a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContagiousDisease . :Venezuela :hasISO3166_Digraph "VE" ; :wnsense "Venezuela1n" ; :wordnet "Venezuela" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Venezuela' in Wordnet: 1. (1) Venezuela, Republic of Venezuela - (a republic in northern South America on the Caribbean; achieved independence from Spain in 1811; rich in oil) """ . :Venison :guid "bd58bcc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "venison1n" ; :wordnet "venison" ; a :FoodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Venison'' is a ''GameMeat'' derived from a ''Deer''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'venison' in WordNet: 1. venison - (meat from a deer used as food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameMeat, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deer ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Venom :wnsense "venom1n" ; :wordnet "venom" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A BiologicalSubstance produced by an Animal that has some degree of oxic effect on other animals. It is usually produced as a means of protection or for disabling prey. Corresponds to sense of 'venom' in WordNet: 1. venom - (toxin secreted by animals; secreted by certain snakes and poisonous insects (e.g., spiders and scorpions)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicallyActiveSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, :Secretion-Bodily, :ToxicSubstance, :Toxin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedNaturallyBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :BeastType ] . :Venomous :ldoce "poisonous", "venomous" ; :wnsense "venomous1adj" ; :wordnet "venomous" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AttributeValue of animals or plants that contain and can deliver Poisons (toxic substances) to other animals. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'venomous' in WordNet, the term 'poisonous' is also used in this sense, but that sense does not appear in Wordnet: 1. deadly, venomous, virulent - (extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom; 'venomous snakes'; 'a virulent insect bite') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Harmful . :VenomousAnimal :en "venomous animal" ; :enn "venomous animal" ; :guid "bf0a6847-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all venom-secreting animals. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Venom ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :VenomousSnake :en "venomous snake" ; :guid "95fdffde-c9db-41d7-91dd-bd25f3bf011e" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of venomous snakes (e.g. #$Cobra) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Snake, :VenomousAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Venom ; owl:onProperty :naturallyProduces ] . :Ventilated :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Ventilating ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A room can be ''Ventilated'' by opening windows or passing forced Air into it. An outdoor place or porch open to the air is by default ''Ventilated'', unless there are all structures or plants around it that prevent breezes from entering. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'defeated' in Wordnet: 1. defeated - (beaten or overcome; not victorious; 'the defeated enemy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Ventilating :wnsense "air out2v", "air6v", "airing3n", "ventilate1v", "ventilate3v", "ventilate5v", "ventilation1n" ; :wordnet "air", "air out", "airing", "ventilate", "ventilation" ; a :ActionType, :CapabilityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Ventilating'' is an Action in which an Agent causes '''Air'' to pass from the outside Atmosphere into the interior of some Structure(s). In general, this also involves moving the air inside to the outside, but that can be accomplished passively without providing a specific path or conduit for the purpose, so this type only includes the transfer of ''Air'' from the atmosphere to some inside location (including a mine or other underground location). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ventilation' and parts of verb senses 1, 3, and 5 of 'ventilate' in WordNet: 1. (3) ventilation, airing - (the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air) WN verb 'ventilate': 1. (1) vent, ventilate, air out, air - (expose to cool or cold air so as to cool or freshen; 'air the old winter clothes'; 'air out the smoke-filled rooms') 3. ventilate - (circulate through and freshen; 'The gust of air ventilated the room') 5. ventilate - (furnish with an opening to allow air to circulate or gas to escape; 'The architect did not think about ventilating the storage space') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DispensingSomething, :FluidFlowEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirObject ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Air ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReplacingAir ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReplacingAir ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReplacingAir ; owl:onProperty :caused ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReplacingAir ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :hasStartingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InsideLocation :Building :UndergroundLocation :LocationType ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InsideLocation ; owl:onProperty :hasThingPassed ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InsideLocation ; owl:onProperty :hasThingPassedThrough ] . :VentilatingTheCapitol :hadThingAffected :US_CapitolBuilding ; :hasDirectObject :US_CapitolBuilding ; :hasEndingPlace :US_CapitolBuilding ; a :Ventilating . :VentingAnger a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VentingAnger'' is a form of ''ExpressingEmotion'' in which the Emotion is''Anger'' and at least part of the ''VentingAnger'' Action is ''Speaking''. NOTE: ''ExpressingApproval'' is a separate concept. this is for expressing ''Anger''. The degree of enthusiasm of emotionality in the expression may vary a lot. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'vent' in WordNet: 1. (3) vent, ventilate, give vent - (give expression or utterance to; 'She vented her anger'; 'The graduates gave vent to cheers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExpressingEmotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speaking ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anger ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :VentingaFluid :en "let out", "vent", "vent a fluid" ; :eng "venting" ; :env "let out", "vent" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VentingaFluid'' is an Action in which an Agent (which could be an automaton) opens a valve to permit some quantity of a liquid or a pressurized gas to exit the container holding it. The Fluid vented is not retained, but is allowed to escape into the atmosphere (if a gas) or some drain or the ground (if a liquid). No WN sense of 'vent' represents this. RHW 'vent': 11. to release or discharge (liquid, smoke, etc.). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReleasingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ; owl:someValuesFrom :EmittingAnObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FluidObject :FluidType ) ] ] . :VentralFin :wnsense "pelvic fin1n", "ventral fin1n" ; :wordnet "pelvic fin", "ventral fin" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ventral fin' in WordNet: 1. pelvic fin, ventral fin - (either of a pair of fins attached to the pelvic girdle in fishes that help control the direction of movement; correspond to hind limbs of a land vertebrate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DirectionOfMotion ; owl:onProperty :controls ] . :Venture :wnsense "project1n", "speculation3n", "undertaking1n", "venture1n", "venture2n", "venture3n" ; :wordnet "project", "speculation", "undertaking", "venture" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Project that is newly begun to explore some specific possibilities - nonprofit or commercial. Includes all 3 noun senses of 'venture' and sense 1 of 'undertaking'in WordNet: 1. (3) venture - (any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome) 2. (2) speculation, venture - (an investment that is very risky but could yield great profits; 'he knew the stock was a speculation when he bought it') 3. (1) venture - (a commercial undertaking that risks a loss but promises a profit) WN 'undertaking': 1. (23) undertaking, project, task, labor - (any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted; 'he prepared for great undertakings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Project . :Venue :CYC "Locale" ; :en "site" ; :guid "a5490e0e-24de-41d7-8e29-aed6561bf9d8" ; :wnsense "locale1n", "locus1n", "venue1n" ; :wordnet "locale", "locus", "venue" ; a :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Venue'' is a 'SceneOfEvent' in which the ''Event'' is a ''SocialGathering'' (usually a meeting or performance). CYC 'locale': : A place at which there is or once was human activity; it does not include populated places, mines, and dams. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'venue' in WordNet; any 'scene of an event that is not a SocialGathering can be represented in the parent type ''SceneOfEvent'': in WordNet: 1. venue, locale, locus - (the scene of any event or action (especially the place of a meeting)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SceneOfEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SocialGathering ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :HumanActivity ] . :Venus :hasMassInGrams "4.8685E27"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "Venus1n" ; :wordnet "Venus" ; a :NonEarthSolarPlanet ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Venus' in Wordnet: 1. (5) Venus - (the second nearest planet to the sun; visible from Earth as an early 'morning star' or an 'evening star'; 'before it was known that they were the same object the evening star was called Venus and the morning star was called Lucifer') """ . :VenusFlyTrap :en "venus fly trap" ; :guid "bd58acfc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Dionaea muscipula1n", "Venus's flytrap1n", "Venus's flytraps1n" ; :wordnet "Dionaea muscipula", "Venus's flytrap", "Venus's flytraps" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: Venus's fly-trap a carnivorous plant, Dionaea muscipula, native to bogs of North and South Carolina, having roundish leaves with two lobes that close like a trap when certain delicate hairs on them are irritated, as by a fly: the range is now reduced, though the plants are still locally abundant. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'venus's flytrap' in WordNet: 1. Venus's flytrap, Venus's flytraps, Dionaea muscipula - (carnivorous plant of coastal plains of the Carolinas having sensitive hinged marginally bristled leaf blades that close and entrap insects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insectivore, :Plant-NonWoody, :Species . :Verb :ldoce "verb" ; :wnsense "verb1n", "verb2n" ; :wordnet "verb" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally denote Processes. Each instance of this category is a verb. The different tensed forms are categorized in subtypes of this type. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'Verb' in WordNet: 1. (6) verb - (a word that serves as the predicate of a sentence) 2. (5) verb - (a content word that denotes an action or a state) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :Verb1s a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of this category is a verb in the first person singular form.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb . :Verb2s a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of this category is a verb in the second person singular form.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb . :Verb3s a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of this category is a verb in the third person singular form.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb . :VerbInf a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of this category is a verb in the infinitive form.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb . :VerbPast a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of this category is a verb in the past tense.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb . :VerbPhrase :ldoce "predicate" ; :wnsense "predicate2n", "verb phrase1n" ; :wordnet "predicate", "verb phrase" ; a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Phrase that has the same function as a Verb. This is the second part of a text sentence, the first part being the subject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verb phrase' and sense 2 of 'predicate' in WordNet: 1. predicate, verb phrase - (one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements) WN noun 'predicate': 2. predicate, verb phrase - (one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GrammaticalStructure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PredicatePhrase ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :VerbPlur a :GrammaticalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of this category is a verb in the first person plural form.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb . :VerbSpecificParticle a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A VerbSpecificParticle is a particle that is used in conjunction with some specific verb or verbs. This class allows one to record in the ontology the use of particle information for specific verbs. To specify more detail, individual subclasses of this class may serve to collect particles for specific verbs, such as a class 'Clean2-Particle' which could collect all particles used with a specific sense of the verb 'clean'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ParticleWord . :Verbal :pertainsTo :Speaking, :SpokenCommunicating, :Talking ; :wnsense "verbal1adj", "verbal2adj" ; :wordnet "verbal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Verbal'' refers to Speech, ''Speaking''. and ''SpokenCommunicating''. This contrasts with ''Written'' or signed information transfer. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'verbal' in WordNet: 1. (5) verbal - (communicated in the form of words; 'verbal imagery'; 'a verbal protest') 2. (3) verbal - (of or relating to or formed from words in general; 'verbal ability') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Verbal-Grammatic :pertainsTo :Verb ; :wnsense "verbal3adj" ; :wordnet "verbal" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Verbal-Grammatic'' refers to a ''Verb'' andits roperrtie. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'verbal' in WordNet: 3. verbal - (of or relating to or formed from a verb; 'verbal adjectives like 'running' in 'hot and cold running water'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :VerbalArguingEvent :ldoce "argue", "argument", "quarrel" ; :wnsense "altercation1n", "argue1v", "arguing1n", "argument2n", "contention2n", "controversy1n", "disputation3n", "dispute2v", "quarrel1n", "quarrel1v" ; :wordnet "altercation", "argue", "arguing", "argument", "contention", "controversy", "disputation", "dispute", "quarrel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A VerbalArguingEvent is a conflict between two or more IntelligentAgents concerning some issue, which may be of little consequence, such as who is the best quarterback, matters of subjective judgment, or who should perform some minor task. An altercation or debate. . However, this conflict type is strictly verbal and does not include conflicts where issues of monetary value or significant results are decided. If the conflict involves deciding who has legal rights, or escalates to a legal contest, that becomes a 'DisputeEvent'. Includes noun sense2 1 of 'quarrel', part of sense 2 of 'argument' and sense 1 of 'altercation' and verb sense 2 of 'argue' in WordNet; 'altercation' could be a subtype - 'noisy argument': in WordNet: 1. (2) quarrel, wrangle, row, words, run-in, dustup - (an angry dispute; 'they had a quarrel'; 'they had words') WN 'argument': 2. (21) controversy, contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt, argument, arguing - (a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement; 'they were involved in a violent argument') WN 'altercation': 1. (5) affray, altercation, fracas - (noisy quarrel) WN verb 'argue': 2. (17) argue, contend, debate, fence - (have an argument about something) WN verb 'quarrel': 1. (11) quarrel, dispute, scrap, argufy, altercate - (have a disagreement over something; 'We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America'; 'These two fellows are always scrapping over something') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, :OralConversation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :DisagreementEvent ] . :VerbalImage a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VerbalImage'' is a 'LinguisticDescription' that produces a mental image of something - Object or Event. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, :LinguisticDescription, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :depictsObject ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :DepictingInWords ] . :VerbalInstructions :wnsense "direction6n", "instruction1n" ; :wordnet "direction", "instruction" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VerbalInstructions''is a ''Speaking'' in which the speaker gives directions (instructions) on what to do or how to do it, for some task, whether physical or mental. For directions on how to get to a Place, use 'DirectionsToaPlace'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'instruction' in WordNet: 1. (11) direction, instruction - (a message describing how something is to be done; \"he gave directions faster than she could follow them\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Instructions ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :VerbalProbability :isAnAttributeValueOf :Assertion, :FutureSituation ; :ldoce "probability" ; :wnsense "probability1n" ; :wordnet "probability" ; a :MeasureType, :ProbabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'VerbalProbability' is a 'Probability' expressed by some word or term that specifies a range of probability values (from 0 to 1) that may apply to some assertion, situation, or anything that can be assigned a probability. NOTE that the limit restrictions are on 'instances' of 'VerbalProbability', but the class name itself is the value for the probability relation, so these limits are as of now (v1041) only for information, they will not figure in the reasoning. NOTE: ''VerbalProbability''s have a range of levels. The subtypes under ''Possibility'' are intended to representspecific ranges of quantitative likelihoodfrom 0.0 to 1.0. The subtypes of ''Possible'' are vaguer and depend on the believer and the context.. *VerbalProbability **Possibility **Impossible ***LogicallyContradictory **Possible ***PhysicallyPossible ***Probable ****Certain ***Uncertain ****Debatable *****Controversial ****Doubtful *****So-called *****Unlikely ******VeryUnlkely """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute . :VerbalQuantifier a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A VerbalQuantifier is a word or phrase expressing quantity in other than numerical terms. 'Once' 'twice', 'again' 'one more time' are quantifiers for events. NOTE that this is set as an Instance of ''AttributeValueType'' which fudges the boundary between quantifiers and attributes but seems to make sense. For the numbers that are used to express quantities of things, such as 'two people', instance of the type 'NumericalFunction' are used as functions to take a singular or plural entity and return a Group that has that number of such entities in it. This is a placeholder FOL function, not calculable using OWL logic. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quantifier . :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'VerbalQuantitativeAttribute' is an AttributeValue for some AttributeType which expresses magnitude, but not using numerical measures """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :Verbally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Verbal ; :wnsense "verbally2adv" ; :wordnet "verbally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (for ''Speaking'') of adverb sense 2 of 'verbally' in Wordnet: 2. verbally - (by means of language; 'verbally expressive') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :VerballyAbusingSomeone :wnsense "abuse3v", "blackguard2v", "clapperclaw2v", "shout4v" ; :wordnet "abuse", "blackguard", "clapperclaw", "shout" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'abuse' in WordNet: 3. abuse, clapperclaw, blackguard, shout - (use foul or abusive language towards; 'The actress abused the policeman who gave her a parking ticket'; 'The angry mother shouted at the teacher') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisparagingAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Contumely ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Verbena :guid "bd58b567-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "verbena1n", "vervain1n" ; :wordnet "verbena", "vervain" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verbena' in WordNet: 1. (3) verbena, vervain - (any of numerous tropical or subtropical American plants of the genus Verbena grown for their showy spikes of variously colored flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :DicotSubclass, :FloweringPlant . :Verbose :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait :Verbosity ; :isTheOppositeOf :Laconic ; :wnsense "long-winded1adj", "prolix1adj", "tedious2adj", "verbose1adj", "windy4adj", "wordy1adj" ; :wordnet "long-winded", "prolix", "tedious", "verbose", "windy", "wordy" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Verbose'' is an attribute of ''Speaking'' when the speaker uses notably more words than necessary to make a point clear. TMI - too much information 'windy' is seldom used for this: RHW 'windy' 6. of the nature of, characterized by, or given to prolonged, empty talk; voluble; verbose; bombastic. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'verbose' in Wordnet: 1. long-winded, tedious, verbose, windy, wordy - (using or containing too many words; 'long-winded (or windy) speakers'; 'verbose and ineffective instructional methods'; 'newspapers of the day printed long wordy editorials'; 'proceedings were delayed by wordy disputes') WN adj 'prolix': 1. prolix - (tediously prolonged or tending to speak or write at great length; 'editing a prolix manuscript'; 'a prolix lecturer telling you more than you want to know') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Verbosity :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Verbose ; :wnsense "verboseness1n", "verbosity1n" ; :wordnet "verboseness", "verbosity" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Verbosity'' is a ''LinguisticManner'' in which a Person uses or tends to use significantly more than the necessary number of words to express a point, to the extent that listening or reading such expressions can be boring or tedious. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verbosity' in WordNet: 1. verboseness, verbosity - (an expressive style that uses excessive or empty words) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticManner . :Verdict :wnsense "verdict1n" ; :wordnet "verdict" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Verdict'' is a ''LegalDecision'' produced by a ''PetitJury'' after trying a case (civil or criminal). NOTe that a ''Verdict'' is produced by a ''PetitJury''. If a Judge tries a case without a jury, the decision is a Judgment. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verdict' in WordNet: 1. (1) verdict, finding of fact - ((law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalDecision, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trial ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PetitJury ; owl:onProperty :hasBeliever ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Trial ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PetitJury ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :VerifiedFact :ldoce "fact", "truth" ; :wnsense "fact3n", "fact4n", "truth1n" ; :wordnet "fact", "truth" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Assertion for which there is very solid evidence, with no reasonable dispute. The mere assertion of a 'fact' by someone without solid evidence is not an instance of this type, but of the parent type 'Fact'. 'Consensus reality' in the Cyc terminology for the sum of Assertions of this type. In COSMO each VerifiedFact is considered as True - in the Theory that the COSMO ontology represents. This type is further differentiated into events that are known to have happened ('VerifiedFactAboutEvent') and verified facts about things other than Events ('VerifiedObservation' - assertions about the properties of things, such as scientifically proven facts). Corresponds approximately to noun senses 3 and 4 of 'fact' and sense 1 of 'truth' in WordNet - these two senses are further differentiated in in WordNet: 3. (30) fact - (an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; 'your fears have no basis in fact'; 'how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell') 4. (27) fact - (a concept whose truth can be proved; 'scientific hypotheses are not facts') WN 'truth': 1. (17) truth - (a fact that has been verified; 'at last he knew the truth'; 'the truth is that he didn't want to do it') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :True ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Proven ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ] . :VerifiedFactAboutEvent :ldoce "fact" ; :wnsense "fact3n" ; :wordnet "fact" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Assertion concerning the existence of an Event, for which there is very solid evidence, with no reasonable dispute. An assertion that the SecondWorld War occurred in 1939-1945 is a 'VerifiedFactAboutEvent'. Corresponds approximately to noun senses 3 in WordNet: 3. (30) fact - (an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; 'your fears have no basis in fact'; 'how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerifiedFact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Event ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :VerizonDomainServers :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; a :ObjectGroup ; rdfs:comment """This instance of ObjectGroup represents the Verizon domain servers, part of the Internet. Mass is unknown.""" . :Vermin :guid "bd58a57c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "vermin" ; :wnsense "vermin2n" ; :wordnet "vermin" ; a :BeastType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of animals considered undesirable to find living in human habitation buildings or other facilities. Insects as well as mammals and snakes are included. NOTE that the category 'Varmint' is somewhat similar, but is used for animals that are a nuisance even when living outdoors, and are therefore generally larger than a 'Vermin'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vermin' in WordNet: 2. vermin - (any of various small animals or insects that are pests; e.g. cockroaches or rats; 'cereals must be protected from mice and other vermin'; 'he examined the child's head for vermin'; 'boys in the village have probably been shooting vermin') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimal, :Role, :UndesirableThing . :Versatile :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :CompetenceGroup ; :isTheOppositeOf :Specialized ; :wnsense "versatile3adj" ; :wordnet "versatile" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Versatile'' will need additional related types to properly represent logically. This is an attribute of someone who has more than one ability; so it will be necessary to represent the state of having multiple abilities or skills. Or one can represent a Group of diverse skills and use restriction 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving' - that Group. @ToDo. Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'versatile' in Wordnet: 3. versatile - (competent in many areas and able to turn with ease from one thing to another; 'a versatile writer') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Competent . :Versification :wnsense "versification2n" ; :wordnet "versification" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Versification'' specifies the ''LiteraryForm'' for some type or part of ''Poem'' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'versification' in WordNet: 2. versification - (the form or metrical composition of a poem) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiteraryForm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Poem ; owl:onProperty :describes ] . :Version :wnsense "revision3n", "rewrite1n", "version2n", "version3n", "version4n" ; :wordnet "revision", "rewrite", "version" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Version'' is a ''ConceptualWork'' much of whose content is the same as that of an earlier work, and which was produced by a process of ''Revising'', usually but not always by the same author(s). COSMO note: this is the abstract content (text audio, video), not the PhysicalObject. This is the Abstract text (which can include images) or recording or video of some ''ConceptualWork'' that is published as one variant of some general work, and may have some small differences from other ''Verson''s. Someof the terms appearing with 'version' in the synsets here are labels for other synsets. See ''Variant'' and ''Adaptatation''. For a more general thing copied with changes see ''Variant''. Includes parts of noun senses 2, 3, and 4 of 'version' in WordNet, excluding physical objects: in WordNet: 2. (7) version, variant, variation, edition - (something a little different from others of the same type; 'an experimental version of the night fighter'; 'a variant of the same word'; 'an emery wheel is the modern variation of a grindstone'; 'the boy is a younger edition of his father') 3. (1) adaptation, version - (a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form; 'the play is an adaptation of a short novel') 4. translation, interlingual rendition, rendering, version - (a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language) WN noun 'revision': 3. (1) rewrite, revision, rescript - (something that has been written again; 'the rewrite was much better') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork, :Variant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Revising ] . :Vertebra :guid "bedd8387-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vertebra1n" ; :wordnet "vertebra" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW: any of the bones or segments composing the spinal column, consisting typically of a cylindrical body and an arch with various processes, and forming a foramen, or opening, through which the spinal cord passes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Vertebra' in Wordnet: 1. vertebra - (one of the bony segments of the spinal column) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinalColumn ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinalColumn ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :Vertebrae :en "vertebrae" ; :guid "bfa185e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: #$The #$Vertebrae is the #$Series of individual #$Vertebra in #$The #$SpinalColumn. This is the part of the SpinalColumn that consists of the bones (each of which is a ''Vertebra'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoneStructure, :PhysicalSeries, :SeriesWithoutRepetition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SpinalColumn ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Vertebra ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Vertebrate :guid "bd58a5e6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vertebrate1n" ; :wordnet "vertebrate" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$BiologicalTaxon within the #$BiologicalPhylum #$ChordataPhylum. Each instance of #$Vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused. Notable specializations of #$Vertebrate include #$Mammal, #$Reptile, #$Bird, and #$Fish. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vertebrate' in Wordnet: 1. (1) vertebrate, craniate - (animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, :ChordataPhylum, :HexalateralObject, :HumanScaleObject, :MulticellularOrganism, :SentientAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SkinTissue ; owl:onProperty :surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :VertebrateEye :isAnOrganicPartOf :Head ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Eye on a Vertebrate, different from one on an invertebrate.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eye, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Head ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Vertex :wnsense "acme2n", "apex1n", "peak6n", "vertex2n" ; :wordnet "acme", "apex", "peak", "vertex" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Vertex'' of a PhysicalObject is the part that has the greatest elevation This only makes sense for Objects that are stationary such as mountains and tall buildings. The amount of theobject that can be considered as the ''vertex'' is somewhat arbitrary, unless the term is being used to express the maximum height, in which case the ''Vertex'' will be the smallest possible piece that can be measured - not significant in itself. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vertex' in WordNet: 2. vertex, peak, apex, acme - (the highest point (of something); 'at the peak of the pyramid') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Peak, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FixedStructure :GeographicalObject ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Highest ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Vertical :isAnAttributeValueOf :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; :ldoce "upright" ; :wnsense "erect1adj", "upright1adj", "upright3adj", "vertical1adj" ; :wordnet "erect", "upright", "vertical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Vertical' is an AttributeValue of SolidObjects or Groups of SolidObjects or of paths (e.g Wells) that have at least one long dimension that is oriented perpendicular to the Earth's surface. The objects may be LongAndThin, or planar, or for groups, they may stacked vertically like the floors of a building. This is an approximate attribute, and some things can be more vertical than others, but the orientation should not deviate by more than ten degrees from true vertical. The degrees of 'verticalness' have not yet (v755 been specified. For the moral sense of 'upright' use 'Just'. This sense includes adjective sense 1 of 'vertical', senses 1 and 3 of 'upright' and sense 1 of 'erect' in WordNet: 1. (5) upright, unsloped - (in a vertical position; not sloping; 'an upright post') 3. erect, vertical, upright - (upright in position or posture; 'an erect stature'; 'erect flower stalks'; 'for a dog, an erect tail indicates aggression'; 'a column still vertical amid the ruins'; 'he sat bolt upright') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Upright, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopAndBottomSidedObject ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :VerticalPost :ldoce "post" ; :wnsense "post4n" ; :wordnet "post" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VerticalPost'' is a 'Post'' that is firmly attached to some other stable Object(s) with the long dimension oriented vertically. Such a ''VerticalPost'' can be outdoors like a '''PostStuckInGround'' or a part of a structure that is exposed such as a doorframe or a supporting ''Column''. It can have any reasonably convex cross-sectional shape. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'post' in WordNet: 4. (2) post - (an upright consisting of a piece of timber or metal fixed firmly in an upright position; 'he set a row of posts in the ground and strung barbwire between them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Post, :WallOrPost, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ] . :VerticalShaft :guid "bd58d574-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "shaft8n", "well4n" ; :wordnet "shaft", "well" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VerticalShaft'' is a Passageway that connects two or more ''Storey''s in a Building or connects levels in a mine. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 8 of 'shaft' (but includes shafts in mines or other underground locations) in WordNet: 8. shaft - (a vertical passageway through a building (as for an elevator)) WN noun 'well': 4. well - (an open shaft through the floors of a building (as for a stairway)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Passageway, :SpaceInAFixedHOC, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ] . :Vertically :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Vertical ; :wnsense "vertically1adv" ; :wordnet "vertically" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vertically'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives or Actions to assert that they are performed or interpreted with respect to a ''Vertical'' direction. The 'vertical' can appply to ordering on a page of a document, meaning from top to bottom of the page. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vertically' in Wordnet: 1. vertically - (in a vertical direction; 'a gallery quite often is added to make use of space vertically as well as horizontally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :VerticallyOrdered :en "vertically ordered" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'VerticallyOrdered' is an AttributeValue of Groups that are arranged *vertically* in a linear, sequential fashion, such that the elements can be identified by ordinal numbers; the prototypical vertical ordering is that of a 'Stack' or of the floors of a building, or (though not numbered) of a ''DeckOfCards''. (or steps of a ladder or staircase?) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinearlyOrdered, :Vertical . :VerticallySymmetrical :en "vertically symmetrical" ; :enadj "vertically symmetrical" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VerticallySymmetrical'' is a subattribute of ''Symmetric'' for Objects (physical or abstract) that have a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the gravitational field, or for Objects in an image, a line of symmetry perpendiclar to the vertical dimension of the plane being viewed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :VerticallySymmetricalObject :en "vertically symmetrical object" ; :enn "vertically symmetrical object" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VerticallySymmetricalObject'' is a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject' that is an ''ArtifactObject'' small enough to be inverted (subjected to a ''InvertingSomething'' Action). It may or may not be functional, and the function may or may not depend on its invertability. Problem: the 'top' and 'bottom' are indistinguishable - is it really a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject''?? This is consistent if ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' is interpreted as 'TopAndBottomSided' at any given time. In this case the top and bottom are distinguished by the gravitational field, not by any visible attribute differences of the 'to' and 'bottom parts. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VerticallySymmetrical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Verve :wnsense "verve1n", "vitality1n" ; :wordnet "verve", "vitality" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'verve' in WordNet: 1. (2) vitality, verve - (an energetic style) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vigor . :Very :isLessIntenseThan :Extremely ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Rather ; :ldoce "very" ; :wnsense "very1adv" ; :wordnet "very" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :LogicalFunctionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Very' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues, of the same qualitative type as the base value, but at a level of intensity greater than the average or typical. This AdverbialModifier selects from a range of values of the attribute it modifies, that subset of values that would apply only to a minority of the things the attribute modifies: to be 'very tall' meanis that one is in the top 25% in height. For intensities close to the minimum use 'Somewhat', and for the average or slightly above, use 'Moderately'.or ''Rather'' The effect of this modifier is to assert that the attribute it modifies applies in an intense measure to the thing that the attribute modifies. The degree of intensity of the attribute is less than that selected by 'somewhat' or 'Moderately'' or 'rather'. If a person is *very* tall, then the speaker thinks that s/he is unquestionably taller than the average person. When the attributes are context sensitive the modifier is also context sensitive, so it is an instance of 'LogicalFunctionType'. This sense is used as a modifier of AttributeValues, which show up linguistically as adjectives or sometimes as adverbs. 'She's doing very well' 'His handwriting is very poor' For a more intensive adverb see ''Extremely''. This is an AdverbialModifier that specifies approximately the degree to which the thing modified by a adjective possesses or conforms to the adjective modified by this adverb. These terms may be used variably by different people; in COSMO they form a hierarchy close to a common linguistic usage. The levels of intensity from low to high are: Somewhat Moderately Rather Very Extremely Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 1 of 'very' in WordNet: 1. (261) very, really, real, rattling - (used as intensifiers; 'real' is sometimes used informally for 'really'; 'rattling' is informal; 'she was very gifted'; 'he played very well'; 'a really enjoyable evening'; 'I'm real sorry about it'; 'a rattling good yarn') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :VeryBad :en "very bad" ; :hasAdverbialForm :Awfully ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Bad ; :isTheOppositeOf :VeryGood ; :ldoce "awful" ; :wnsense "awful" ; :wordnet "awful" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A lower degree of Goodness than 'Bad'. This is specifically for badness in quality generally, or for adequacy of performance of a task; this sense is not for quality of manners or morality. The applicable WirdNet usages would be: 'abominable workmanship'; 'terrible handwriting'; 'an awful voice' 'a painful performance' Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'awful' in WordNet: WN 'awful'. For the sense of unpleasant, use 'Awful' 1. (10) atrocious, abominable, awful, dreadful, painful, terrible, unspeakable - (exceptionally bad or displeasing; 'atrocious taste'; 'abominable workmanship'; 'an awful voice'; 'dreadful manners'; 'a painful performance'; 'terrible handwriting'; 'an unspeakable odor came sweeping into the room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :VeryFertile :wnsense "fertile3adj", "prolific2adj" ; :wordnet "fertile", "prolific" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VeryFertile'' is an intensive level of ''Fertile'', characterizing Organisms that have produced more than the average number of offspring. Corresponds to the 'offspring' part of adjective sense 3 of 'fertile' in Wordnet: 3. prolific, fertile - (bearing in abundance especially offspring; 'flying foxes are extremely prolific'; 'a prolific pear tree') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :VeryGood :en "very good" ; :enadj "very good" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Good ; :isTheOppositeOf :VeryBad ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A higher degree of Goodness than 'good'." ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :VeryLarge :en "very large" ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Large ; :isTheOppositeOf :Small ; a :AppearanceType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VeryLarge'' is a more intensive subtype of 'large' - of PhysicalObjects. There is no 'very large' in WordNet, and this is here to have a category intermediate between 'Large'' and ''Huge'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Large . :VeryLittle :ldoce "slight" ; :wnsense "slight2adj" ; :wordnet "slight" ; a :VerbalQuantifier, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'VeryLittle' is a verbal quantifier that expresses the notion that the quantity of some uncountable material is less than 'Little', being close to zero on some scale. There are several other ways of expressing this notion; slim chance; minimal clearance; hardly any; microscopic; etc. Similar to RHW sense 1 of 'slight': 1. small in amount, degree, etc.: a slight increase; a slight odor. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 'slight' in WordNet: 2. slight - - (almost no or (with 'a') at least some; very little; 'there's slight chance that it will work'; 'there's a slight chance it will work') """ . :VeryMuch :isMoreIntenseThan :Much ; :ldoce "far" ; :wnsense "a great deal1adv", "a lot1adv", "far1adv", "heavily1adv", "to a great extent1adv", "very much1adv" ; :wordnet "a great deal", "a lot", "far", "heavily", "to a great extent", "very much" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'VeryMuch' is an AdverbialModifier that can modify QualitativeAttributeValues to create new QualitativeAttributeValues that are close to the highest level in intensity of the intensity scale of that QualitativeAttributeValue. In English linguistic expressions, it usually precedes an adjective in the comparative form: 'very much larger'; 'very much taller'. This sense is technically more intensive than 'much', but there is considerable overlap in meaning. Includes adverb sense 1 of 'far' and adverb sense 1 of 'very much' and adverb sense 1 of 'a great deal' and sense 1 of 'a lot' and adverb sense 1 of 'heavily' in WordNet: 1. (62) far - (to a considerable degree; very much; 'a far far better thing that I do'; 'felt far worse than yesterday'; 'eyes far too close together') WN adverb 'very much': 1. (14) a lot, a good deal, a great deal, much, very much - (to a very great degree or extent; 'we enjoyed ourselves very much'; 'she was very much interested'; 'this would help a great deal') WN adverb 'heavily': 1. (23) heavily, to a great extent - (to a considerable degree; 'he relied heavily on others' data') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :VerySharp :en "very sharp" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SurgicalKnife ; :isMoreIntenseThan :SharpEdged ; :wnsense "razor-sharp2adj" ; :wordnet "razor-sharp" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VerySharp' is a intensive subproperty of ''SharpEdged'', characterizing ''CuttingDevices'' that have been 'honed' to enable precise, rapid, and effective cutting. This is characteristic of razor blades and ''SurgicalKnife''s. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'razor sharp' in Wordnet: 2. razor-sharp - (as sharp as a razor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SharpEdged . :VerySteep :en "very steep" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Cliff, :HillOrMountain, :Slope-Topographical ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Steep-sided ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VerySteep'' is a higher degree of ''Steep-sided'' for a feature of those ''HillOrMountain''s whose slope on the sides (not on the top) in many or most parts is greater than 45 degrees upward from the horizontal. For steepness between 25 and 45 degrees, use ''Steep-sided'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Steep-sided . :VeryStrong :wnsense "hard4adj", "knockout1adj", "severe2adj" ; :wordnet "hard", "knockout", "severe" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """e.g. 'hard blow to the head' Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'severe' in WordNet: 2. (3) hard, knockout, severe - - (very strong or vigorous; 'strong winds'; 'a hard left to the chin'; 'a knockout punch'; 'a severe blow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Difficult, :Intense, :VeryBad . :VeryUnlikely :en "outside chance", "remotely possible", "very unlikely" ; :wnsense "outside8adj", "remote2adj" ; :wordnet "outside", "remote" ; a :MeasureType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VeryUnlikely'' is s less than 'Unlikely' ''Chance'', with an assigned maximum probability of 0.1, for this element. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'remote' in WordNet: 2. (4) outside, remote - (very unlikely; 'an outside chance'; 'a remote possibility'; 'a remote contingency') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unlikely, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.0"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasLowerLimit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "0.1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasUpperLimit ] . :Vessel :ldoce "boat" ; :wnsense "vessel2n" ; :wordnet "vessel" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Vessel is a WaterTransportationVehicle that is larger than a small Boat. The border between Vessel and smaller Boats are fuzzy, but rowboats are exluded and boats longer than 15 feet and having cabins would be Vessels. Boats over 20 feet might all be Vessels. This follows sense 1 of 'vessel' in RHW: 1. a craft for traveling on water, now usually one larger than an ordinary rowboat; a ship or boat. NOTE that in WordNet a 'vessel' is the most general water craft, including all sizes whereas 'boat' is a small vessel. In COSMO 'boat' is the most general, including all sizes, whereas 'vessel' is larger than a small boat; a rowboat is not a 'Vessel' in COSMO: Corresponds to part (larger boats) of noun sense 2 of 'vessel' in WordNet: 2. (6) vessel, watercraft - (a craft designed for water transportation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterTransportationVehicle . :Vessel-Container :wnsense "vessel3n" ; :wordnet "vessel" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vessel' in WordNet: 3. vessel - (an object used as a container (especially for liquids)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ContainerArtifact . :Vest :guid "bd58b3f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vest1n" ; :wordnet "vest" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The set of all vests. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vest' in Wordnet: 1. (2) vest, waistcoat - (a man's sleeveless garment worn underneath a coat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing-Top, :DurableGood, :EnvelopingCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Chest-BodyPart ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sleeveless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :VestingWithAuthority :wnsense "invest4v", "vest1v" ; :wordnet "invest", "vest" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VestingWithAuthority'' is a broad type of Actions in which some agent(s) empower (give power) to some ''Person''(s) to act as an Authority who can command and control other People. If this is done at a Ceremony. it is the subtype ''Inauguration''. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'vest' ('enthrone' is a subtype) in WordNet: 1. (3) invest, vest, enthrone - (provide with power and authority; \"They vested the council with special rights\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Empowering . :Veteran :wnsense "old hand1n", "old-timer1n", "oldtimer1n", "veteran3n" ; :wordnet "old hand", "old-timer", "oldtimer", "veteran" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who has substantial experience (at least a year) in some kind of ''WorkingEvent''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'veteran' in WordNet: 3. (5) veteran, old-timer, oldtimer, old hand, warhorse, old stager, stager - (an experienced person who has been through many battles; someone who has given long service) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expert, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ] . :VeteranSoldier :wnsense "veteran1n" ; :wordnet "veteran" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who has at least two years of service in some branch of the Military. This includes retired ''MilitaryPerson''s as well as those in active''MilitaryService'' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'veteran' in WordNet: 1. (7) veteran, veteran soldier - (a serviceman who has seen considerable active service; 'the veterans laughed at the new recruits') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Veteran, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryService ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryService ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryService ; owl:onProperty :filledTheSubjectRoleIn ] . :Veterinarian :guid "bd58b83e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vet1n", "veterinarian1n", "veterinary surgeon1n", "veterinary1n" ; :wordnet "vet", "veterinarian", "veterinary", "veterinary surgeon" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'veterinarian' in WordNet: 1. veterinarian, veterinary, veterinary surgeon, vet - (a doctor who practices veterinary medicine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalCareProfessional, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TameAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NonHumanAnimalDisease ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VeterinaryCareEvent ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :VeterinaryCareEvent :en "veterinary care event", "veterinary treatment" ; a :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event in which some Person provides care to a non-numan animal to improve or maintain its health.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Benefiting, :TakingCareOfSomething, :TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ; owl:someValuesFrom :NonHumanAnimal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Veterinarian ] . :VeterinaryPatient :en "veterinary patient" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'VeterinaryPatient' is a ''NonHumanAnimal'' that is being treated or diagnosed for some AilmentCondition, usually by a Veterinarian or at some veterinary facility. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MedicalOrVeterinaryPatient, :NonHumanAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasThePatientInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :HealthCareEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VeterinaryCareEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Vexed :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :BeingUpset ; :wnsense "annoyed2adj", "harassed1adj", "harried1adj", "pestered1adj", "vexed1adj" ; :wordnet "annoyed", "harassed", "harried", "pestered", "vexed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vexed' in Wordnet: 1. annoyed, harassed, harried, pestered, vexed - (troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances; 'harassed working mothers'; 'a harried expression'; 'her poor pestered father had to endure her constant interruptions'; 'the vexed parents of an unruly teenager') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Annoyed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :Viability :wnsense "viability1n" ; :wordnet "viability" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viability' in WordNet: 1. (1) viability - ((of living things) capable of normal growth and development) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentCapability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Living ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :Viable :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :Living ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :GrowingEvent, :Living ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dead ; :wnsense "viable2adj" ; :wordnet "viable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'viable' in Wordnet: 2. viable - (capable of life or normal growth and development; 'viable seeds'; 'a viable fetus') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Able . :Vial :guid "bd5ece7a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "phial1n", "vial1n" ; :wordnet "phial", "vial" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, :DosageFormType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A vial is a container a small bottle used to contain liquids, usually of a DrugSubstance. It may have a cap holding a rubber-like disk on the top where a syringe could be inserted to extract the liquid inside. But this type is the general case that includes types not having a cap, but being all glass and sealed such that it can oly be opened by cracking open the top - that subtype is represented by the subtype ''Ampule''. NOTE: the label 'ampule' is used here only for vials that are completely sealed by glass see ''Ampule''. Corresponds to *part* of noun sense 1 of 'vial' in WordNet: 1. phial, vial, ampule, ampul, ampoule - (a small bottle that contains a drug (especially a sealed sterile container for injection by needle)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :LiquidContainer, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Glass ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrugProduct ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Vibes :en "vibes" ; :ennp "vibes" ; :wnsense "vibe1n", "vibration2n" ; :wordnet "vibe", "vibration" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'SocialAmbiance' is a StaticSituation involving two or more people, vaguer in meaning than ''SocialInteraction'', afected by both the people present and the physical environment, and characterized by the ''Feeling''s it may cause in people present; but individual people may have different responses to the same ''SocialAmbiance''. NOTE: 'vibes' or 'vibe' can refer both to the 'ambiance' itself (gives off bad vibes') or the Emotions produce by such an atmosphere ('get bad vibes'). These might be disambiguated if clear examples of both can be recognized. This type represents the PersistentState. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vibe' in WordNet: 1. vibe, vibration - (a distinctive emotional atmosphere; sensed intuitively; 'it gave me a nostalgic vibe'; 'that man gives off bad vibes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialAmbiance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ] . :Vibration :wnsense "quiver4n", "quivering2n", "vibration1n" ; :wordnet "quiver", "quivering", "vibration" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Vibration' is a RectilinearShaking in which a PhysicalObject moves back and forth in a linear path rapidly (at least once per second). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vibration' in Wordnet: 1. (1) vibration, quiver, quivering - (the act of vibrating) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RectilinearShaking . :VibrationThroughAMediumSensor :guid "bd58dbc2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Sensor (q.v.). Each instance of #$VibrationThroughAMediumSensor operates by detecting or reacting to the amplitude and frequency of vibrations that travel to it through a physical medium. Specializations of this collection include #$Ear, #$Skin, #$SONAR-Device, and #$Microphone. Note that #$Eyes are _not_ #$VibrationThroughAMediumSensors because electromagnetic wave propagation does not require a physical medium (cf. #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vibration ; owl:onProperty :detects ] . :Vicar :wnsense "vicar2n" ; :wordnet "vicar" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Vicar'' is an Episcopal ''Cleric''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vicar' in WordNet: 2. vicar - ((Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric . :Vicar-Priest :wnsense "vicar1n" ; :wordnet "vicar" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Vicar'' is a Roman Catholic Priest representing a Bishop or the Pope. RHW: 3. Rom. Cath. Ch. an ecclesiastic representing the pope or a bishop. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vicar' in WordNet: 1. (1) vicar - (a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cleric . :Vice :wnsense "vice1n" ; :wordnet "vice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vice'' is one or more Actions by a Person that is ''Evil'' in a specific way. This is usually interpreted as meaning 'offending the accepted moral standards''. This is rather vague - RHW has several senses, of which 1 and 2 seem closest to this intended meaning: 1. an immoral or evil habit or practice. 2. immoral conduct; depraved or degrading behavior: a life of vice. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vice' in WordNet: 2. vice - (a specific form of evildoing; 'vice offends the moral standards of the community') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvilDeed, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoralPrinciple ; owl:onProperty :violatesRule ] . :VicePresident-CorporateOfficer :en "vice president", "vice-president" ; :guid "bd589af1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of people. An instance of #$VicePresident-CorporateOfficer is a member of the management of a company, designated as 'Vice President' on the official records of the company. Most companies have one or more instances of #$VicePresident-CorporateOfficer; a small company usually has only one, whereas a large National Bank may have hundreds of Vice Presidents. The primary Vice President (possibly a #$SeniorVicePresident-Title) is often empowered to direct the company in case of the death or incapacity of the #$President-CorporateOfficer.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessPerson, :CorporateOfficer, :Executive, :VicePresidentOfOrganization . :VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial :en "Vice President" ; :enn "Vice President" ; :guid "c020a1d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of persons. Each element of #$VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial is a person who holds the title of vice president of some element of #$Country. Often, the vice president of a country is first in the line of succession to the presidency. Examples: Al Gore, Dan Quayle. No specific synset in WN for this type """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Politician, :PublicOfficial, :VicePresidentOfOrganization . :VicePresidentOfOrganization :wnsense "vice president1n" ; :wordnet "vice president" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vice president' in WordNet: 1. (10) vice president, V.P. - (an executive officer ranking immediately below a president; may serve in the president's place under certain circumstances) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OfficerInOrganization . :VicePresidentOfTheUnitedStates :en "vice president", "vice-president" ; :wnsense "Vice President of the United States1n" ; :wordnet "Vice President of the United States" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Vice President of the United States' in WordNet: 1. Vice President of the United States - (the vice president of the United States who presides over the United States Senate) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Politician, :PublicOfficial, :VicePresident-GovernmentOfficial . :ViceVersa :wnsense "contrariwise2adv", "the other way around1adv", "vice versa1adv" ; :wordnet "contrariwise", "the other way around", "vice versa" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vice versa' in Wordnet: 1. (2) vice versa, the other way around, contrariwise - (with the order reversed; 'she hates him and vice versa') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Vicious :pertainsTo :Vice ; :wnsense "evil2adj", "vicious2adj" ; :wordnet "evil", "vicious" ; a :AttributeValueType, :PertainingAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vicious'' is a PertainingAttributeValue pertaining to ''Vice'' and the things characteristic of ''Vice''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'vicious' in Wordnet: 2. (2) evil, vicious - (having the nature of vice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Victim :wnsense "victim1n", "victim2n" ; :wordnet "victim" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: some 'IntelligentAgent'' (Person, or group or organization) who suffered harm unjustly in a ''VictimizingAnAgent'' Event, which can have any kind of cause, from intentional violence or financial harm, to accidental damage or harm or loss in a ''NaturalDisaster''. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'victim' in Wordnet: 1. (8) victim - (an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance) 2. (4) victim, dupe - (a person who is tricked or swindled) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericVictim, :IntelligentAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasHarmedInEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :VictimizingAnAgent ] . :VictimizingAnAgent :wnsense "victimise1v", "victimize1v" ; :wordnet "victimise", "victimize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VictimizingAnAgent'' is a ''WrongingSomeone''in which the ''IntelligentAgent'' (not an animal but not just a Person) wronged has been harmed unjustly and can be considered as a ''Victim''. NOTE that this ''Action'' can be performed by a natural force such as a hurricane or tornado. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'victimize' in WordNet: 1. (2) victimize, victimise - (make a victim of; 'I was victimized by this con-man') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HarmingAnAgent, :WrongingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unjust ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ] . :Victorian :pertainsTo :Architecture, :Decoration, :FurniturePiece, :Morality, :QueenVictoria ; :wnsense "Victorian1adj", "Victorian3adj" ; :wordnet "Victorian" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'Victorian' in Wordnet: 1. (3) Victorian - (of or relating to Queen Victoria of Great Britain or to the age in which she ruled; 'Victorian morals') 3. Victorian - (typical of the moral standards or conduct of the age of Queen Victoria) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :VictorianStructure :en "Victorian structure", "Victorian style structure" ; :guid "e6c7ae58-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: 'Victorian': The collection of instances of #$ConstructionArtifact that are in the victorian style. The 'Victorian style' is a style of architecture that was popular during the late 19th century, when Queen Victoria reigned in England. This is applied mostly to single-family houses. The 'Victorian style' has not yet (rev1621) ben represented. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :ContainerArtifact, :Facility-Generic, :HexalateralObject, :HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject . :Victorious :isAnAttributeValueOf :Winner ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :WinningaContest ; :wnsense "triumphant2adj", "victorious1adj", "victorious2adj", "winning2adj" ; :wordnet "triumphant", "victorious", "winning" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Victorious'' characterizes a Perso who has won a contest. For someone who is proud and joyful about winning a contest or otherwise succeeding, use ''Exultant''. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'victorious' in Wordnet: 1. victorious, winning - (having won; 'the victorious entry'; 'the winning team') 2. triumphant, victorious - (experiencing triumph) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Successful . :VictoryAward :en "award for victory", "victory award" ; a :AwardType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VictoryAward'' is an HonorAward (abstract) assigned by some authority for Victory (winning) some competition,usally in Sports. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HonorAward, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasAssignedByAuthority ; owl:someValuesFrom :Authority ] . :VideoCamera :en "video camera" ; :guid "bd58daf5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByFunction. Each instance of this collection is a #$Camera designed to record moving images onto a storage medium for later viewing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Camera, :ElectronicDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoRecording ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingaVideoRecording ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :VideoCassette :en "video cassette" ; :guid "bd58ea46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "videocassette1n" ; :wordnet "videocassette" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Video cassette tapes, blank or not. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'video cassette' in WordNet: 1. videocassette - (a cassette for videotape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagneticTapeCassette, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VisualImageRecording ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoTape ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :VideoCassetteRecorder :guid "bd58da74-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "VCR1n", "videocassette recorder1n" ; :wordnet "VCR", "videocassette recorder" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The device used to record television programs or play programs stored on a video cassette. Usually called a VCR. This can produce a recording on VideoCassette whether or not the cassette had been previously recorded. Need some way to express that. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'videocassette recorder' in WordNet: 1. videocassette recorder, VCR - (a magnetic tape recorder for recording (and playing back) TV programs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ManufacturedGoods, :TapeRecorder, :VideoCamera, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoCassette ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoCassetteRecordingAction ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RecordedVideoCassette ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ] . :VideoCassetteRecordingAction :guid "bd588a66-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Recording video images onto a #$VideoCassette tape. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisualImageRecording . :VideoConference :wnsense "teleconference1n", "teleconferencing1n" ; :wordnet "teleconference", "teleconferencing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VideoConference'' is a ''Teleconference'' in which participants are able to see each other by means of some type of video device, whether television cameras or ''SmartPhone''s. This is usually applied to conferences where an image of each room with participants is transmitteed to and seen by the other location(s) A 'VideoConference' is an OralConversation carried out using some form of VideoConferencing technology, whether there are multiple rooms with multiple people connected to each other, or people each separately at a computer with the ability to view and talk to the other participants. Two people in such a situation still qualifies as an instance of this type. NOTE that a VideoConference is not necesarily a Discussion, as it can be exclusively one-way (e.g. a lecture), though there should be the capability of feedback from the audience. NOTE: the WordNet synset gloss suggest that it applies is only to this type of ''VideoConference'', but it is used in COSMO also as the Wordnet label for the parent ''Teleconference''. RHW 'videoconference': Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'teleconference' in WordNet: 1. teleconference, teleconferencing - (a conference of people who are in different locations that is made possible by the use of such telecommunications equipment as closed-circuit television) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OralConversation, :Teleconference, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoConferencingDevice ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoConferencingDevice ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :VideoConferencingDevice :en "vdeo conferencing device" ; :enn "vdeo conferencing device" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'VideoConferencingDevice' is a Computer connected to peripherals that permit remote transmission and receipt of both video and sound, so that is can be used to enable a Video Conference. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputationalSystem, :ComputerHardwareItem . :VideoDisplay a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :View, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplayDevice ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoonLight ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplayDevice ; owl:onProperty :wasEmittedByObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasVisibleTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerUser ] . :VideoDisplayDevice :en "video display device" ; :enn "video display device" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'VideoDisplayDevice' is the 'DisplayDevice' component of some Electronic system that either receives video signals from some remote sender (such as TelevisionSet) or receives video signals from some Device of which it is a component (such as a separate Computer Monitor or the screen on a Smart Phone). This Device emits light waves that are represented in COSMO as a ''VideoDisplay''. This may display digital numerical or linguistic characters, but its primary function is to display images. This is typically viewed by looking at the visible (more or less flat) outer portion (the ''DisplayScreen'') of an ''ElectronicDisplayDevice''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectronicDisplayDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectronicSystem ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayingInformation ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VideoDisplay ; owl:onProperty :displaysInformation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayScreen ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :VideoRecording :wnsense "video recording1n", "video2n" ; :wordnet "video", "video recording" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A ''VideoRecording'' is any ''SolidObject'' or ''ComputerVideoFile'' that contains a representation of an ''AbstractVideo''; a ''ComputerVideoFile'', is itself abstract. (i.e. an abstract image can 'represent' another abstract image - .if it is in a different format, or slightly modified for some purpose such as increasing or reducing the resolution). For files in a computer memory it might be tricky to isolate the physical object part that contains only the video representation - not worth trying, so this is very general. Corresponds aproximately to noun sense 1 of 'video', but includes recordings having only the image component (as in old silent movie reels of film, or home videos) in WordNet: 2. (1) video recording, video - (a recording of both the video and audio components (especially one containing a recording of a movie or television program)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Recording, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :AbstractVideo ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractRepresentation ] . :VideoSignal :wnsense "picture7n", "video1n" ; :wordnet "picture", "video" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VideoSignal'' is a ''TransmittedRadioSignal'' that carries the 'video' component of a ''TransmittedRadioSignal'' that may have other components, such as the ''AudioSignal'' in a Television broadcast. NOTE that this signal does not have to be transmitted through the air, it could be transmitted over some form of cable - metal or optical. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'video' in WordNet: 1. (1) video, picture - (the visible part of a television transmission; 'they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TransmittedRadioSignal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CapturedImage ; owl:onProperty :hasInformationContent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TransmittedRadioSignal ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ] . :VideoTape :guid "bd58d15b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "videotape2n" ; :wordnet "videotape" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Magnetic tape suitable for video recording or having been recorded with video information. Each video cassette has some length of such tape as a physical part. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'videotape' in WordNet: 2. videotape - (a relatively wide magnetic tape for use in recording visual images and associated sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagneticTape . :VideoTapeStrip :wnsense "videotape2n" ; :wordnet "videotape" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VideoTapeStrip'' is a piece of ''VideoTape'', usually packaged in a VideoCassette. WN does not distinguish the object and the substance, The same synset is used for both here. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'videotape' in WordNet: 2. videotape - (a relatively wide magnetic tape for use in recording visual images and associated sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VideoTape . :Videophone :en "picturephone", "videophone" ; :enn "picturephone", "videophone" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Videophone'' is a ''Telephone'' that includes a camera and display so that the callers can see each other as they communicate. This type of telephone predated and was supplanted by more advanced computer technology such as laptops computers and smartphones. RHW 'videophone': a telephone that incorporates both voice and video capabilities. Cf. RHW 'Picturephone': a brand of videophone that enables telephone users to see each other while talking.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Telephone . :Videotaped :en "on ideo", "on tape" ; :ened "taped", "video-taped", "videotaped" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Event ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :MakingaVideoRecording ; :wnsense "taped2adj" ; :wordnet "taped" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Videotaped'' is the attribute of a some Event that has been recorded on a ''VideoRecording''. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'taped' in Wordnet; but the WN gloss may mean or be restricted to audio recording.: in WordNet: 2. taped, tape-recorded - (recorded on tape) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Vienna :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :ViennaArea ; a :City ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Vienna' in Wordnet: 1. (2) Vienna, Austrian capital, capital of Austria - (the capital and largest city of Austria; located on the Danube in northeastern Austria; was the home of Beethoven and Brahms and Haydn and Mozart and Schubert and Strauss) """ . :ViennaArea :isSmallerThan :AustriaArea ; :wnsense "vienna1n" ; :wordnet "vienna" ; a :CityRegion . :Vietnam :hasISO3166_Digraph "VN" ; :wnsense "Viet Nam1n", "Vietnam1n" ; :wordnet "Viet Nam", "Vietnam" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'VietNam' in Wordnet: 1. Vietnam, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Viet Nam, Annam - (a communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea; achieved independence from France in 1945) """ . :VietnamArea a :CountryRegion . :Vietnamese :pertainsTo :Vietnam, :VietnamesePerson ; :wnsense "Vietnamese1adj", "Vietnamese2adj", "Vietnamese3adj" ; :wordnet "Vietnamese" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vietnamese'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the coutry of ''Vietnam''or its people or culture or language. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'Vietnamese' in Wordnet: 1. Vietnamese - (of or relating to Vietnam; 'the Vietnamese countryside') 2. Vietnamese - (of or relating to the Vietnamese language; 'Vietnamese tones') 3. Vietnamese - (of or relating to or characteristic of the people of Vietnam; 'Vietnamese boat people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :VietnameseLanguage :wasCreatedBy :VietnamesePerson ; :wnsense "Annamese2n", "Annamite1n", "Vietnamese2n" ; :wordnet "Annamese", "Annamite", "Vietnamese" ; a :NaturalLanguage ; rdfs:comment """The ''VietnameseLanguage'' is the langage of the natives of ''Vietnam''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Vietnamese' in WordNet: 2. Vietnamese, Annamese, Annamite - (the Mon-Khmer language spoken in Vietnam) """ . :VietnamesePerson :guid "bd58a814-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Annamese1n", "Vietnamese1n" ; :wordnet "Annamese", "Vietnamese" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of people who are #$citizens of #$Vietnam, or participate in its #$NationalCulture. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Vietnamese' in WordNet: 1. Vietnamese, Annamese - (a native or inhabitant of Vietnam) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AsianPerson, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vietnam ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :View :ldoce "scene", "view" ; :wnsense "aspect3n", "panorama1n", "prospect4n", "scene3n", "view2n", "vista1n" ; :wordnet "aspect", "panorama", "prospect", "scene", "view", "vista" ; a :EventType, :InformationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'View' is a 'Scene' observed from one vantage point. Since the view is considered from one vantage point, the visual properties selected by this type are the ones that can be seen from that vantage point. The View can be indoors or outdoors, with a narrow angle or wide angle. For a view of an **outdoors location** (vista or panorama), use 'Scenery'. NOTE that 'panorama' has its own entry (for wide-angle views) and ''Scenery'' also uses the same synset. NOTE that in WordNet a 'view' is a visual perception, whereas in in COSMO it is a situation which is the visual part of the physical situation. These are different concepts. The perception of a View needs to be represented!!. @ToDo: NOTE: a 'View' of a particular object may be described differently at different times, especially when lighting conditions differ. This type may need some relation to a particular time to represent that aspect. NOTE the restriction that requires that instantiation of a 'View' requires specifying some Person or Agent who was able to see it - possibly the one who describes it as a 'View' or the one who originally described it. It is not a View unless someone can see it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of'view' and part of noun sense 3 of 'scene' in WordNet: 3. (13) view, aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama - (the visual percept of a region; 'the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Scene, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasVisibleTo ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :Person :AgentType :PersonType ) ] ] . :Viewing :en "seeing", "viewing", "watching" ; :ldoce "see", "view", "watch" ; :wnsense "catch15v", "see7v", "take in6v", "view3v", "watch1v", "watch3v" ; :wordnet "catch", "see", "take in", "view", "watch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'Viewing' is an Event (mostly used for Sports games or public events or or shows, live or recorded) in which an agent visually perceives a Scene or some Event, paying attention for more than a brief interval. The difference from 'Looking' is primarily in the degree of attention and length of time the Looking takes place. This sense is related to but not identical to the notion of 'view' as used in phrases such as 'there is a good view from this seat' or'you can get a good view of the valley from the ridge'. See entry 'View'. This sense also represents the viewing of entertainment events such as plays and movies 'did you see the latest 'Star Wars' episode?' NOTE that in WordNet 'view', 'scene' and 'panorama' are visual perceptions, but those terms in COSMO are classified as PersistentStates. This type 'Viewing' is closer to the sense labeled by those WordNet terms, and is also close to sense 3 of the verb 'view. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'view'. senses 1 and 3 of 'watch', sense 7 of 'see' in WordNet: 1. (77) watch - (look attentively; 'watch a basketball game') 3. (4) watch, view, see, catch, take in - (see or watch; 'view a show on television'; 'This program will be seen all over the world'; 'view an exhibition'; 'Catch a show on Broadway'; 'see a movie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Scene :Event :ActionShowing :EventType ) ] ] . :ViewingAnAstronomicalObject :en "looking at an astronomical object", "observing an astronomical object", "viewing an astronomical object" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'ViewingAnAstronomicalObject'' is a ''Viewing'' Event in which some ''Observer'' intentionally looks at some ''AstronomicalObject'', of any kind, outside the Earth (or if the viewing is done in outer space, outside whatever planet the Observer is on). This Action can be performed with or without optical instruments, whether directly or through some instrument, but requires that the Observer receive light rays from the AstronomicalOject being observed. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Viewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AstronomicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AstronomicalObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ] . :ViewingMerchandise :en "viewing displayed merchandise", "viewing merchandise" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''ViewingMerchandise'' is a ''Viewing'' Event in which an agent looks at a ''Merchandise'' (products for sale), ntnecessrily with the intention of buying tany ofhem. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Viewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DisplayedObjects ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Merchandise ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ] . :ViewingScenery a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''ViewingScenery'' is a ''Viewing'' Event in which an agent looks at a ''Panorama'' (a ''View'' that extends a mile or more). Not exactly the same as 'sightseeing' because sightseeing can be of small and close objects as well, as in a city center. See ''Overlook'' for one of many places where this can occur. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Viewing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Panorama ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Panorama ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ] . :ViewingStage :ldoce "stage" ; :wnsense "stage3n" ; :wordnet "stage" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A stage of any kind, indoor or outdoor, designed to support people at a height above the ground, so they can be viewed better by an audience. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stage' in WordNet: 3. (205) stage - (a large platform on which people can stand and can be seen by an audience; 'he clambered up onto the stage and got the actors to help him into the box') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Platform, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Raised ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ViewingTheSun :en "viewing the sun" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''ViewingTheSun'' is a 'ViewingAnAstronomicalObject'' where the ''AstronomicalObject'', is Earth's sun (''Sol''); this includes viewing the whole sun or viewing part of the sun. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ViewingAnAstronomicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sol ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sol ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObserved ] . :Vigil :wnsense "vigil2n", "watch6n" ; :wordnet "vigil", "watch" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vigil' in WordNet: 2. vigil, watch - (the rite of staying awake for devotional purposes (especially on the eve of a religious festival)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingWatch, :Rite . :Vigilant :wnsense "argus-eyed2adj", "open-eyed1adj", "vigilant1adj", "wakeful1adj", "watchful1adj" ; :wordnet "argus-eyed", "open-eyed", "vigilant", "wakeful", "watchful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vigilant' in WordNet: 1. argus-eyed, open-eyed, vigilant, wakeful, watchful - (carefully observant or attentive; on the lookout for possible danger; 'a policy of open-eyed awareness'; 'the vigilant eye of the town watch'; 'there was a watchful dignity in the room'; 'a watchful parent with a toddler in tow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alert . :Vigilante :guid "bedc00a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vigilance man1n", "vigilante1n" ; :wordnet "vigilance man", "vigilante" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Vigilantes are people who take law into their own hands, by seeking out, and often punishing, perceived wrong-doers without the full force of the law on their side. #$Vigilantes are often perceived as #$Criminals in their own right. NOTE: a Person cannot be a ''Vigilante'' and also a ''LawEnforcementOfficer'' (who is paid by a government to enforce the law). NOTE: how to say 'take the law into their own hands' in logic looks tricky. That will have to be deferred. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vigilante' in WordNet: 1. vigilante, vigilance man - (member of a vigilance committee) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Criminal, :Volunteer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vigilantism ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] ; owl:disjointWith :LawEnforcementOfficer . :Vigilantism :wnsense "vigilantism1n" ; :wordnet "vigilantism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vigilantism' in WordNet: 1. (1) vigilantism - (the actions of a vigilance committee in trying to enforce the laws) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vigilante ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illegal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :LawEnforcementActivity . :Vigor :wnsense "energy4n", "muscularity3n", "vigor3n", "vim2n" ; :wordnet "energy", "muscularity", "vigor", "vim" ; a :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This Trait is a form of 'style'. The 'vigor' of body or mind is represented by ''Vitality''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'vigor' in WordNet: 3. energy, muscularity, vigor, vigour, vim - (an imaginative lively style (especially style of writing); 'his writing conveys great energy'; 'a remarkable muscularity of style') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sprightliness . :Vigorous :wnsense "vigorous1adj" ; :wordnet "vigorous" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vigorous'' is an attribute of Actions - not necessarily human Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vigorous' in Wordnet: 1. (13) vigorous - (characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity; 'a vigorous hiker'; 'gave her skirt a vigorous shake'; 'a vigorous campaign'; 'a vigorous foreign policy'; 'vigorous opposition to the war') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Energetic . :Vigorously :en "with vigor" ; :enadv "with vigor" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Vigorous ; :wnsense "smartly2adv", "vigorously1adv" ; :wordnet "smartly", "vigorously" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vigorously'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that characterizes actions to assert that they were performed 'with vigor', i.e. with more than the average force or speed and/or endurance. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vigorously' in Wordnet: 1. (5) vigorously, smartly - (with vigor; in a vigorous manner; 'he defended his ideas vigorously') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Viking :guid "c0fdec36-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Viking1n" ; :wordnet "Viking" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Viking' in WordNet: 1. Viking - (any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Warrior, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Years700to1200 ; owl:onProperty :wasAliveDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RaidingForLoot ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scandinavia ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Villa :guid "c00606e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "villa4n" ; :wordnet "villa" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Villa'' is a detached residential building, larger than a common suburban house, usually on a large lot in a rural setting. There is a different WN sense of 'villa' for smaller suburban houses; that is not included here. CYC: Large many-roomed residences set in rural settings, often with extensive gardens, fountains, and outdoor #$Sculptures. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'villa' in WordNet: 4. villa - (pretentious and luxurious country residence with extensive grounds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :Residence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pretentious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Luxurious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RuralArea ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Village :guid "bf7dc1a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "village" ; :wnsense "settlement2n", "small town1n", "village1n" ; :wordnet "settlement", "small town", "village" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO, the most general urban area is a 'Municipality' and 'City' and 'Town' and 'Village' are distinct subtypes of 'Municipality', depending on their size. In general, a 'Village' will be smaller than a 'Town', but there may be some overlap. There is at present (rev903) no distinct borderline distinguishing the two. NOTE: in COSMO the most general urban area is 'Municipality', whereas it is 'City' in CYC, so a 'village; is not a subtype of 'City' in COSMO, as it is in CYC. CYC: A subcollection of #$City. Each instance of #$Village consists of a small cluster of buildings located in a rural area. Most of the buildings are typically residents' houses; others might include shops, schools, churches, and the like. Many residents of a village typically work in the surrounding coutryside (say as farmers). Since #$Village is a subcollection of #$City (q.v.), an instance must in some way be self-governed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'village' in WordNet: 1. (29) village, small town, settlement - (a community of people smaller than a town) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Town, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Villager :wnsense "villager1n" ; :wordnet "villager" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Villager'' is a Person who is a 'Resident''of some ''Village'' RHW : an inhabitant of a village. Includes but is broader than noun sense 1 of 'villager' in WordNet, including any Person who is a settled resident of a ''Village'' in WordNet: 1. (2) villager - (one who has lived in a village most of their life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Resident, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :residesIn ; owl:someValuesFrom :Village ] . :Vine :guid "bd58c2a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vine1n" ; :wordnet "vine" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ CYC 'Vine-Plant': A specialization of #$Plant and #$TerrestrialOrganism. Each instance of #$Vine-Plant is a plant that grows in a form chacterized by long tendrils or long, narrow, flexible ropy strands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vine' in WordNet: 1. (7) vine - (a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TerrestrialOrganism, :VascularPlant . :Vinegar :guid "c1009bd1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vinegar1n", "vinegar2n" ; :wordnet "vinegar" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'vinegar' in Wordnet: 1. (1) vinegar, acetum - (sour-tasting liquid produced usually by oxidation of the alcohol in wine or cider and used as a condiment or food preservative) 2. vinegar - (dilute acetic acid) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acid, :AqueousSolution, :FoodIngredientOnly, :LiquidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AceticAcid ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Vineyard :guid "c0fbb2bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vinery1n", "vineyard1n" ; :wordnet "vinery", "vineyard" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of agricultural organizations that are running viticultural activities, a specialization of #$CropFarm. Instances of #$Vineyard are farms that are growing grapes [see #$GrapeVine]. Some instances of this collection, but not all, are also producing wine [see #$Wine] and are instances of #$Winery. A domain operated by a vineyard is an instance of #$ViticulturalDomain. NOTE: In CYC this is the organization; in COSMO this type is the land area, a PhysicalObject. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vineyard' in WordNet: 1. (1) vineyard, vinery - (a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Farm, :GeographicalArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrowingGrapes ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :Vintage :en "vintage" ; :guid "0bcb1f66-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtifactObject ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Vintage is the attribute value which indicates that something is an oldy, but a goody. That is, the product was manufactured during some earlier time period and is characteristic of the best of that time period. For example, vintage clothing is clothing from a particular time period, say the 1920's. Note that if you want to be specific about the time period in question, you should use #$VintageFn. If you just want to talk about oldies but goodies in general, then use Vintage. No WN synset for this sense - close to RHW sense 10. RHW adj 'vintage': 10. old-fashioned or obsolete: vintage jokes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good, :Old . :Vinyl :guid "bd58a04e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vinyl1n" ; :wordnet "vinyl" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :PlasticType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces of vinyl. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vinyl' in WordNet: 2. vinyl - (shiny and tough and flexible plastic; used especially for floor coverings) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Plastic, :SolidSubstance . :VinylRecord :ennp "records" ; :ldoce "record" ; :wnsense "disc1n", "disk3n", "phonograph record1n", "phonograph recording1n", "platter1n", "record4n" ; :wordnet "disc", "disk", "phonograph record", "phonograph recording", "platter", "record" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of a vinyl phonograph record, the physical object, not the informational content. This is the disk-shaped record, not the antique cylinder type. This type is for records made of plastic: metal records (Gold, Platinum) are not instances of this type. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'record' in WordNet: 4. (104) phonograph record, phonograph recording, record, disk, disc, platter - (sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove; used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disk, :MusicRecording, :SmallRigidSheet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plastic ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Viola :guid "bd60d4b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "viola3n" ; :wordnet "viola" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: stringed instrument slightly larger than a violin. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'viola' in WordNet: 3. viola - (a bowed stringed instrument slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BowedStringInstrument, :MusicalInstrument-Acoustic . :ViolaSwamp :existsInContext :MissNelsonIsMissing ; :hasMassInGrams "50000"^^xsd:float ; :hasVitalityAttribute :AliveInaFiction ; :isKnowledgeableAbout :Book-Physical ; :isaFictionalPortrayalOf :Librarian, :Teacher, :Woman ; a :FictionalCharacter ; rdfs:comment """Viola Swamp, a fictional 'substitute teacher' in some children's books, here used as a Librarian for debugging. 'Miss Viola Swamp' is styled as 'the meanest substitute teacher in the whole world', in three children's picture books by Harry Allard and James Marshall, entitled 'Miss Nelson is Missing!, 'Miss Nelson is Back', and 'Miss Nelson Has a Field Day'""" . :ViolatingAnObligation :guid "f74ad0a6-93dd-41d8-9acc-b332ebee244b" ; :wnsense "break6v", "infraction1n", "infringement2n", "offence5n", "offense3n", "violate2v", "violation1n", "violation2n" ; :wordnet "break", "infraction", "infringement", "offence", "offense", "violate", "violation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$FirstOrderCollection. Each instance of #$ViolatingAnObligation is an #$Action in which some #$Obligation (moral, legal, etc.) is violated. Two important specializations are #$ImmoralAct and #$IllegalAction. COSMO note: violating an obligation is something that at least the violator should take note of, and is therefore a SalientBadEvent. This is a way of prioritizing attention of the system. See also the related 'Offending'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'violation' and verb sense 2 of 'violate' and to part of (general, not legal) noun sense 3 of 'offense' in Wordnet: 2. (2) violation, infringement - (an act that disregards an agreement or a right; 'he claimed a violation of his rights under the Fifth Amendment') WN verb 'violate': 2. (5) transgress, offend, infract, violate, go against, breach, break - (act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises; 'offend all laws of humanity'; 'violate the basic laws or human civilization'; 'break a law'; 'break a promise') WN noun 'offense': 3. (1) misdemeanor, misdemeanour, infraction, offence, offense, violation, infringement - (a crime less serious than a felony) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :InfringingARule, :SalientBadEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :violatesRule ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Obligation :Rule :PropositionType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BurdenOfPunishment ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :ViolatingaSportsRule :en "violate a sports rule", "violation" ; :wnsense "infringe1v", "violate2v" ; :wordnet "infringe", "violate" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ViolatingaSportsRule'' is any Action that infringes (violates) a ''SportsRule'' during a ''SportsEvent'' (or in qualifying for the Event). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfringingARule, :ViolatingAnObligation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :violatesRule ; owl:someValuesFrom :SportsRule ] . :Violent :contrastsWith :Nonviolent ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :ldoce "violent" ; :wnsense "violent1adj" ; :wordnet "violent" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Violent' is an AttributeValue of an Animal or of an Action. This is an attribute of a ViolentAction, and of the Person who performs that action. It can also characterize non-human animals and their actions. However, it does not apply to feelings, which are included in the WordNet sense below. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'violent' in WordNet: 1. (9) violent - (acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity; 'a violent attack'; 'a violent person'; 'violent feelings'; 'a violent rage'; 'felt a violent dislike') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :ViolentAction :guid "c03802ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "violence" ; :wnsense "violence1n" ; :wordnet "violence" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$HostileSocialAction. Each instance of #$ViolentAction is a purposeful action of a type commonly considered violent - generally because it is an action which intentionally attacks, damages, or destroys another agent, or attacks, damages, or destroys something close to some (target) agent. (This closeness may be physical or may consist in the fact that the agent owns or feels strong positive regard for the thing attacked.) Notable specializations of this collection include #$WagingWar, #$Torture and #$Bombing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'violence' in WordNet: 1. (13) violence, force - (an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists); 'he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOnObject, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Violent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ViolentConvict :en "violent convict" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ViolentConvict'' is a ''Convict'' who habitually or recenty assaulted someone within the Prison, usually another ''Convict'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Convict, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Violent ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Violently :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Violent ; :wnsense "violently1adv" ; :wordnet "violently" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'violently' in Wordnet: 1. (5) violently - (in a violent manner; 'they attacked violently') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Violet :en "violet" ; :enn "violet" ; a :FlowerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Violet'' is the Flower (with or without the stem) of a ''VioletPlant''. No sense of 'violet' in Wordnet for the flower alone (a ''VioletPlant''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CutFlower, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VioletPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFlowerOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VioletColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VioletColored ; owl:onProperty :hasAttribute ] . :VioletColor :wnsense "reddish blue1n", "violet1adj", "violet2n" ; :wordnet "reddish blue", "violet" ; a :ReddishAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The deep reddish-blue color characteristic of a common violet plant flower; A Color that has tints of both Reddish and Bluish, with Bluish more prominent RHW 'violet': 6. of the color violet; reddish-blue: violet hats. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'violet' in WordNet; NOTE that WordNet does not distinguish 'purple' and 'violet' as an adjective, but 'violet' has a noun sense that is similar to RHW. in COSMO violet has a heavier tint of blue than of red: Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'violet' in WordNet: 2. (1) violet, reddish blue - (a variable color that lies beyond blue in the spectrum) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bluish, :Reddish . :VioletColored :en "violet colored" ; :enn "violet colored" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VioletColored'' is a ''Color'' that takes the value ''VioletColor''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReddishColor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Color ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VioletColor ; owl:onProperty :takesValue ] . :VioletPlant :wnsense "violet1n" ; :wordnet "violet" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VioletPlant'' is the ''FloweringPlant'' that produces a flower called the 'violet', and yields a ''CutFlower'' labeled ''Violet'' in COSMO. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'violet' in Wordnet: 1. (1) violet - (any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :Violin :guid "c10b675a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "violin1n" ; :wordnet "violin" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A StringInstrument that has four strings, a hollow body, and is played on the shoulder with a bow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'violin' in Wordnet: 1. (3) violin, fiddle - (bowed stringed instrument that is the highest member of the violin family; this instrument has four strings and a hollow body and an unfretted fingerboard and is played with a bow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BowedStringInstrument, :MusicalInstrument-Acoustic . :Viper :wnsense "viper1n" ; :wordnet "viper" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Venomous snake. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viper' in WordNet: 1. viper - (venomous Old World snakes characterized by hollow venom-conducting fangs in the upper jaw) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VenomousSnake . :Viral :isAnAttributeValueOf :Virus ; :pertainsTo :ViralInfection, :ViralPneumonia, :Virus ; :wnsense "viral1adj" ; :wordnet "viral" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Viral'' pertains to a ''Virus'' and things associated with a 'virus'. The term 'viral' has recently also become used for things like ideas that are rapidly disseminated to increasing numbers of people, such as messages transmitted over the internet to large clusters of friends and acquaintances who retransmit the message to others; that sense is not yet represented. @ToDo. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'viral' in Wordnet: 1. viral - (relating to or caused by a virus; 'viral infection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :ViralInfection :guid "c10c30fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "viral infection1n" ; :wordnet "viral infection" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$InfectionTypeByPathogenType, and a specialization of #$Infection. Each instance of #$ViralInfection is an infectious disease caused by a virus (see the collection #$Virus). Some specializations of #$ViralInfection are #$Measles, #$Mumps, and #$EbolaHemorrhagicFeverInfection. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viral infection' in WordNet: 1. viral infection, virus infection - (infection by a virus that is pathogenic to humans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Infection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Virus ] . :ViralPneumonia :guid "bd66e8ac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "viral pneumonia1n" ; :wordnet "viral pneumonia" ; a :InfectionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of infections. Instances of #$ViralPneumonia are pneumonia caused by a virus. Most common pathogen responsible for this kind of diseases are influenza, parainfluenza and varicella viri. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viral pneumonia' in WordNet: 1. viral pneumonia - (pneumonia caused by a virus) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pneumonia, :ViralInfection . :Vireo :guid "c0b10c34-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vireo1n" ; :wordnet "vireo" ; a :BiologicalGenus, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vireo' in WordNet: 1. vireo - (any of various small insectivorous American birds chiefly olive-grey in color) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insectivore, :OscineBird . :Virgin :guid "42fc0ad4-69c3-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "virgin1n" ; :wordnet "virgin" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$Animal that have never had sexual intercourse. In general, this applies only to humans and possibly other primates. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'virgin' in WordNet: 1. (5) virgin - (a person who has never had sex) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal . :VirginIslands-British a :Country . a :Country . :VirginiaDeer :wnsense "Odocoileus Virginianus1n", "Virginia deer1n", "white tail1n", "white-tailed deer1n", "whitetail deer1n", "whitetail1n" ; :wordnet "Odocoileus Virginianus", "Virginia deer", "white tail", "white-tailed deer", "whitetail", "whitetail deer" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VirginiaDeer'' is a common ''Deer'' in eastern North America.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Virginia deer' in WordNet: 1. Virginia deer, white tail, whitetail, white-tailed deer, whitetail deer, Odocoileus Virginianus - (common North American deer; tail has a white underside) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NorthAmericaRegion ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ] . :Virtual :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Simulating ; :wnsense "virtual2adj" ; :wordnet "virtual" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Virtual'' is the subattribute of ''Simulated'' characterizing objects (including actions involving objects) that are ''Simulated'' by creating a model using computer software. A 'Virtual Disk' is a set of software programs together with some hardware that simulates a 'hard disk. A 'virtual reality' program is a computer rogram that simulates a world or objects in a world that ma resemble the ''RealWorld'' to a greater or lesser extent, or be a complete fantasy. No WN sense is close enough. RHW: 3. temporarily simulated or extended by computer software: a virtual disk in RAM; virtual memory on a hard disk. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'virtual' in Wordnet: 2. virtual - (existing in essence or effect though not in actual fact; 'a virtual dependence on charity'; 'a virtual revolution'; 'virtual reality') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Simulated . :VirtualExchange a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VirtualExchange'' is an abstract ''Place'' that is a ''SecuritiesExchange'' where certain items of value such as stocks, bonds or commodities can be traded. This ''Place'' is typically managed by some Organization or group of Organizations that create and enforce the rules for trading. An exchange that is physical location where trading can be performed is represented as ''PhysicalExchange''. This ''Place'' is created by the connections, usually electrical or electronic, between trading organizations or individual traders. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SecuritiesExchange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TradingSecuritiesOrCommodities ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :VirtualImage :wnsense "virtual image1n" ; :wordnet "virtual image" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VirtualImage'' is an ''AbstractImage'' that by some criterion appears to be a physical ''StillImage''in one place, but is actually only the appearance of an image formed by light rays directed or bent by some optical device such as a mirror or a lens. Interesting optical phenomenon. This 'virtual' is not the ''Virtual'' used for 'virtual reality'. RHW 'virtual': 2. Optics. a. noting an image formed by the apparent convergence of rays geometrically, but not actually, prolonged, as the image formed by a mirror (opposed to real). b. noting a focus of a system forming virtual images. WN only has one sense: This type is broader. in WordNet: 1. virtual image - (a reflected optical image (as seen in a plane mirror)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StillImage ; owl:onProperty :appearsToBe ] . :VirtualMarket :guid "c10aea09-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "market" ; :wnsense "market1n", "marketplace1n" ; :wordnet "market", "marketplace" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'VirtualMarket' is the Group of all sales of some kind of thing, together with the procedural mechanisms that facilitate such sales, such as transmitting orders by any communications medium. This is a complex Event. The sense of 'market' meaning 'average price' for some objects or securities is related, but a different sense. (@ToDo add 'MarketAverage') This is not identical to the infrastructure that can facilitate such activity, such as an online site, or the complex of brokers and formal marketplaces (such as the 'New York Stock Exchange'), but is only the Group of selling/buying transactions themselves. Close to the Cyc 'Market', which seems to include only the sales themselves. Called 'Market' inCyc: Cyc: Markets can be thought of as all sales satisfying some criterion - for example, sales in the US of home furnishings, or worldwide sales to teenagers of Billy Idol records. Corresponds approximately to part of sense 1 of 'market' in WordNet: 1. (213) market, marketplace - (the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold; 'without competition there would be no market'; 'they were driven from the marketplace') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BusinessEvent, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Buying :Selling :Transaction ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Virtue :takesValue :GoodnessValue ; :wnsense "merit1n", "virtue2n", "virtue4n", "virtuousness1n" ; :wordnet "merit", "virtue", "virtuousness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Virtue' is a broad AttributeType whose associated AttributeValues are considered as 'Good' to have. The 'goodness' may be of any kind, such as fitness for a purpose ('the virtue of this approach') or evaluative godness (moral virtue). The subtypes and associated AttributeValues differentiate the different kinds of 'virtue'. Tough this AttributeType and the type ''Value'' both refer to in in positive quality(s) that make something desirable or useful or admirable, a ''Virtue'' need not have some resulting effect to justify its classification as such. it is an intrinsical attribute. This is the most general sense that includes all 4 noun senses 1 of 'virtue' in WordNet: 2. (3) merit, virtue - (any admirable quality or attribute; 'work of great merit') 4. virtue - (a particular moral excellence) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType, :Goodness . :Virtuosity :isAnAttributeValueOf :Virtuoso ; :wnsense "virtuosity1n" ; :wordnet "virtuosity" ; a :CapabilityType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'virtuosity' in WordNet: 1. virtuosity - (technical skill or fluency or style exhibited by a virtuoso) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expertise, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accomplished ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Virtuoso :ldoce "star" ; :wnsense "ace3n", "adept1n", "champion4n", "genius3n", "hotshot1n", "maven1n", "mavin1n", "sensation2n", "star2n", "superstar1n", "virtuoso1n", "whiz1n", "whizz1n", "wiz1n", "wizard1n" ; :wordnet "ace", "adept", "champion", "genius", "hotshot", "maven", "mavin", "sensation", "star", "superstar", "virtuoso", "whiz", "whizz", "wiz", "wizard" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Virtuoso'' is a Person who is recognized for outstanding performance in some (any) field Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'virtuoso' in WordNet: 1. (1) ace, adept, champion, sensation, maven, mavin, virtuoso, genius, hotshot, star, superstar, whiz, whizz, wizard, wiz - (someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accomplished ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Accomplishment ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :VirtuosoMusician :wnsense "virtuoso2n" ; :wordnet "virtuoso" ; a :OccupationalRoleType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VirtuosoMusician'' is a ''Musician'' who is exceptionally skilled and considered a ''Virtuoso''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'virtuoso' in WordNet: 2. virtuoso - (a musician who is a consummate master of technique and artistry) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Musician, :Virtuoso . :Virtuous :isTheOppositeOf :Sinful ; :ldoce "moral" ; :wnsense "virtuous1adj" ; :wordnet "virtuous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment that the thing evaluated conforms to a code of morality handed down by God. This is the opposite of 'Sinful'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'virtuous' in WordNet; merely conforming to an ethical code is insufficient fo rthis attribute to apply - one must be adhereing to god's code. in WordNet: 1. virtuous - (morally excellent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moral . :Virtuously :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Virtuous ; :wnsense "morally2adv", "virtuously1adv" ; :wordnet "morally", "virtuously" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Virtuously'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes actions that are perfomred in a ''Moral'' manner. Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 2 of 'morally' in Wordnet: 2. morally, virtuously - (in a moral manner; 'he acted morally under the circumstances') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Virus :guid "bd589742-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "virus1n" ; :wordnet "virus" ; a :OrganismType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Virus is a life form that, in one stage if its life cycle, may consists simply of DNA or RNA coated by protein, or, in more complex forms, may have a membrane and some enzymes. But the memberane is lost when the virus infects a cell and multiplies, so that membrane does not serve as a cell membrane, and even the complex viruses are not organisms for this classification. In Cyc, a Virus is an organism, but in COSMO it is not. NOTE that a Virus is an Object, and the proper interpretation should be a single virus particle. A Group of virus particles could also be considered as a Group object, but that has not yet (v0.81) been represented in COSMO. Cyc: A specialization of #$Microorganism. Each instance of #$Virus consists mainly of a capsid (capsule chamber) containing viral DNA or RNA. Viruses have no cells, but reproduce by inserting into living cells the viral DNA or RNA, which then uses cellular mechanisms to create new viruses. Viruses cause many diseases in all other types of organisms; some can even infect instances of #$Bacterium. Note that #$Virus excludes prions, bacteria, rickettsia, and protists. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'virus' in Wordnet: 1. (4) virus - ((virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DependentLifeForm, :MicroLifeForm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NucleicAcidMolecule ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProteinMolecule ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Visa-Document :guid "bfc81f02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "visa1n" ; :wordnet "visa" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$LegalDocument. Each instance of #$Visa-Document is a document issued by the government of some country to one (or more) person(s), authorizing that person (or those persons) to enter that country and remain for a certain period of time while engaging in certain specified activities (e.g., study, travel, work). NOTE: this is not necessarily a *separate* 'Document', as it can be merely a stamp placed on some page of a Person's ''Passport'' after the passport was inspcted by some agent of the country that issued the'Visa''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visa' in WordNet: 1. visa - (an endorsement made in a passport that allows the bearer to enter the country issuing it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CertificateDocument, :IDDocument, :LegalDocument . :Visa-Permit :guid "bd5af45a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Permission and #$LegalAgreement. Each instance of #$Visa-Permit is an authorization issued by the government of some country to one (or more) person(s), stating that s/he is allowed to enter that country and remain for a certain period of time while engaging in certain specified activities (e.g., study, travel, work). Specializations of #$Visa-Permit include #$H1WorkVisa, #$F1WorkVisa, and #$GreenCard. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the 'visa' as a document and the 'visa' as an abstract 'right' to enter a country. This is the ''Right'' granted by the country being entered; this is also represented by the WN 'visa' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visa' in WordNet: 1. visa - (an endorsement made in a passport that allows the bearer to enter the country issuing it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Approval, :AuthorizedAgreement, :Credential, :LegalAgreement, :Permission, :Right . :Viscosity :guid "bd5904a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :takesValue :Viscous ; :wnsense "viscosity1n" ; :wordnet "viscosity" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Viscosity'' is an AttributeType that characterizes the property of a liquid or semisolid substance that determines how quickly it can flow through a channel, or spread on a surface under the influence of gravity,or impedes the passage of objects through it. CYC: A collection of attributes; a subcollection of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Viscosity represents a specific viscosity (i.e., 'runniness') of some substance. The lower the viscosity of a substance, the more easily it flows or spreads out. Vicosities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$viscosityOfSubstance. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'viscosity' in WordNet: 1. (9) viscosity, viscousness - (resistance of a liquid to sheer forces (and hence to flow)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity, :PhysicalAttribute, :PhysicalQuantity . :ViscosityType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ViscosityType'' is specialized to allow both qualitative and quantitative values of 'viscosity'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType . :Viscount :guid "c064de2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "viscount2n" ; :wordnet "viscount" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all viscounts, or male persons who hold hereditary viscount titles in the systems of nobility of Europe, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Viscountess. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'viscount' in WordNet: 2. viscount - (a British peer who ranks below an earl and above a baron) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MalePerson, :PeerNoble . :Viscountess :guid "be4b4f66-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "viscountess1n", "viscountess2n" ; :wordnet "viscountess" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all viscountesses, or female persons who hold hereditary viscount-level titles of nobility granted or recognized by some government or monarch (whether in their own right, by marriage or by courtesy) in the systems of nobility of European countries like #$France, #$Italy, #$Spain, or the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland, or #$Biffeche-KingdomOf. See also #$Viscount. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'viscountess' in WordNet: 1. viscountess - (a wife or widow of a viscount) 2. viscountess - (a noblewoman holding the rank of viscount in her own right) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :PeerNoble . :Viscous :isAnAttributeValueOf :LiquidSubstance ; :wnsense "syrupy2adj", "viscous1adj" ; :wordnet "syrupy", "viscous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ViscosityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Viscous'' is a qualitative attribute of liquid substances having a high ''Viscosity'' relative to pure water, causing them to flow under gravity much slower than water (at least 2x slower) through a narrow tube, e.g. a tube of about 5 mm in diameter. Examples are honey, crude oil, engine lubricating oils. NOTE that ''Viscosity'' is a quantitative attribute that can be assigned higher or lower values. This attribute applies to liquids that are notably more viscous than water. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'viscous' and sense 2 of 'syrupy' in WordNet: 1. syrupy, viscous - (having a relatively high resistance to flow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Vise :guid "bd58b069-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bench vise1n", "vise1n" ; :wordnet "bench vise", "vise" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A device used to hold an object in a certain position such that it doesn't move while it is acted on. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vise' in WordNet: 1. vise, bench vise - (a holding device attached to a workbench; has two jaws to hold workpiece firmly in place) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HolderGripper, :MechanicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HoldingAnObjectInPlace ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "2" ; owl:hasValue :GrippingJaw ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkBench ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :Visible :isTheOppositeOf :Invisible ; :wnsense "visible1adj", "visible2adj" ; :wordnet "visible" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Visible' is an AttributeValue of a PhysicalObject or Event or of an AttributeValue of some object, that can be seen with the human eye (perhaps with the aid of optical devices). Things that are hidden, either inside a space not humanly accessible, or hidden by a barrier, are not 'Visible' in this sense. This AttributeValue will be true or not depending on circumstances, such as being in the right location, so it needs to be interpreted as 'Visible to some specific person(s)'. Things that are transparent, such as the Atmosphere, or clear water (from within the water) are invisible: but this requires the specification of the perspective: the atmosphere or clear water may be 'visible' from outside the object, by refraction of light. @ToDo: how to specify this qualification?? See also the relation 'wasVisibleTo' Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'visible' in WordNet (sense 2 should be a subtype 'noticeable'.): in WordNet: 1. (15) visible, seeable - (capable of being seen; or open to easy view; 'a visible object'; 'visible stars'; 'mountains visible in the distance'; 'a visible change of expression'; 'visible files') 2. (2) visible - (obvious to the eye; 'a visible change of expression') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Perceivable . :VisibleLight :guid "bd58f608-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "light1n", "visible light1n", "visible radiation1n" ; :wordnet "light", "visible light", "visible radiation" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events; a subcollection of #$Light. Every instance of #$VisibleLight is an instance of #$ElectromagneticRadiation having a wavelength approximately between 3800 and 7750 #$Angstroms, i.e., light visible to human eyes. Notable specializations include #$MoonLight and #$Rainbow. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visible light' in Wordnet: 1. (4) light, visible light, visible radiation - ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; 'the light was filtered through a soft glass window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Light, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :VisiblePhenomenon a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VisiblePhenomenon'' is an Event which can be observed by the Light that is emitted from it or reflected from the objects participating in it. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phenomenon, :VisibleThing . :VisibleThing :en "visible thing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VisibleThing'' is anything that is''Visible'' . This includes not only Objects but light waves; therefore, as light is an Event rather than an Object, this cannot be restricted to Objects. This is for visibility in visible light' which may include that part of the infrared spectrum that can be seen using infrared goggles. On general, a PhysicalObject is visible only when there is sufficient light. That restriction is not specified here (rev1453). But this should be interpreted as meaning 'visible now from the viewpint of the normal obsever' which means not hidden or obscured.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:ThingWithAttribute [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ) ] . :Visibly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Visible ; :wnsense "visibly1adv", "visibly2adv" ; :wordnet "visibly" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Visibly'' is an ''AdverbialModifier'' and ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies adjectives and Events. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'visibly' in Wordnet: 1. (3) visibly - (in a visible manner; 'he was visibly upset') 2. (1) visibly - (so as to be visible; 'the sign was visibly displayed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :VisiblyGranular a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """VisiblyGranular is the property of substances whose individual grains are so large that they can be seen and handled individually. The common form of coal used for heating is an example. Sand, table salt, and table sugar are borderline included examples of granular substances..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Granular . :Vision :wnsense "vision1n" ; :wordnet "vision" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the abstract representation of the result of some ''Imagining'' Event. This is an AbstractObject, not itself an Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vision' in WordNet: 1. (13) vision - (a vivid mental image; 'he had a vision of his own death') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalImagery, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheProductOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Imagining ] . :Visionary :wnsense "visionary1n" ; :wordnet "visionary" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Visionary'' is a Person who is attracted to 'visions' of things that may be possible, though they seem impractical to others. The WordNet gloss seems a bit harsh, as some people who have successfully pursued idealistic projects were considered as mere 'visionaries or 'dreamers'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visionary' in WordNet: 1. visionary - (a person given to fanciful speculations and enthusiasms with little regard for what is actually possible) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole . :Visitation :wnsense "visitation3n" ; :wordnet "visitation" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Visitation'' is a ''VisitingSomeone'' that has some special character, such as being part of an Official's duty, or being performed by some eminent Agent. The term 'visitation' is sometimes used for a 'visit' by an spiritual entity such as ghost, a saint, an angel or a god. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'visitation' in WordNet: 3. visitation - (an official visit for inspection or supervision; 'the commissioner made visitations to all the precinct stations'; 'the recent visitation of the bishop to his diocese') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisitingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :Visiting :en "traveling to", "visiting" ; :ldoce "visit" ; :wnsense "travel to1v", "visit1n", "visit1v", "visit2v" ; :wordnet "travel to", "visit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Visiting' is an Action where one Person makes a *short* 'TakingaTrip' action to see one specific person or to go to some location (for any reason, e.g. socialization, business, work, consultation, medical treatment), usually for a short period of time, for a few minutes to a few weeks. This specializes 'TakingaTrip' only in having a limited end point, and in being for the purpose of seeing something or someone and possibly interacting with a person (for any reason), but not to travel around or to conduct business transactions (other than personal business as to a doctor,lawyer, or accountant). A 'Visiting' trip can last over a week, but should be less than a month; after a month, such a trip becomes a 'stay', not a 'visit'. 'Visiting' can be to a place for sightseeing, but is not limited to sightseeing. A ''Visiting'' action can be *part* of a LongJourney, as in 'while in Athens we visited the Parthenon'. Includes parts of noun sense 1 and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'visit' and noun sense 1 of 'trip' in WordNet: 1. (11) visit - (the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time; 'he dropped by for a visit') WN verb 'visit': 1. (29) visit, see - (visit a place, as for entertainment; 'We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning') 2. (24) travel to, visit - (go to certain places as for sightseeing; 'Did you ever visit Paris?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Observing, :TakingaTrip, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Visitor ] ; owl:disjointWith :LongJourney . :VisitingSomeone :guid "bd58d4d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "visit" ; :wnsense "visit1n", "visit1v" ; :wordnet "visit" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Visiting' Action in which the purpose is to see a Person, and the destination is away from the visitor's home. In English, often phrase as 'to pay a visit' to someone or 'to drop in on' someone. Usually the visit is for a short time, but it could be as much as several weeks, but is not a permanent stay. A visit to a Doctor or lawyer or accountant is also an instance, though the CYC type seems to be more narrowly social in purpose. The Event that is the purpose of this Action is one type of ''Rendezvous'', a planned meeting.. CYC: A collection of actions. In a #$VisitingSomeone event, one #$Agent travels or moves to the vicinity of another #$Agent for the purpose of meeting with that other #$Agent. Each #$VisitingSomeone is purposeful, at least on the part of the #$Agent doing the travelling, and that #$Agent is typically a #$Person, and the purpose is often social in nature. Includes parts of part (for going to see a Person) of noun sense 1 of 'visit'in WordNet: 1. (11) visit - (the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time; 'he dropped by for a visit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SociabilityBasedAction, :Translation-LocationChange, :Visiting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rendezvous ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visitor ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :VisitingaMedicalFacility :en "going to a clinic", "going to a medical facility", "visiting a medical facility" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VisitingMedicalFacility' is a 'Visiting' Action in which the purpose is to undergo some ''MedicalCareEvent'' , which can take place in the office of a ''MedicalCareProvider'' that may not usually qualify as a ''MedicalFacility'' but is included for this purpose.. This does not include any 'visit' that includes an overnight stay. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Visiting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :MedicalFacility ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MedicalCareEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasPurpose ] . :VisitingaPlace :en "visiting a location", "visiting a place" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VisitingaPlace'' is a 'Visiting' Action in which the purpose is mostly to go to a particular location for the character of the location, rather than for some social Activity that is occurring there. This Action includes a ''Sojourn'' (staying in that place) as a salient SubEvent. Includes parts of part (for going to see a 'Place' rather than a Person) of noun sense 1 of 'visit'in WordNet: 1. (11) visit - (the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time; 'he dropped by for a visit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translation-LocationChange, :Visiting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ; owl:someValuesFrom :Place ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sojourn ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Visitor :guid "bd588d7a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "visitor1n" ; :wordnet "visitor" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of an Acquaintance who visits a person at the location where a Person is - not necessarily at the person's home. This is for visiting people only; for visiting places, use the more general 'traveller'. Corresponds to sense 1 (the only sense) of 'visitor' in WordNet: 1. (8) visitor, visitant - (someone who visits) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acquaintance, :Traveler, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :VisitingSomeone ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Visiting ] . :Visor :wnsense "visor1n" ; :wordnet "visor" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Visor'' is a ''Brim'' on a ''Cap'', projecting from the 'front' of the ''Cap'' even if the ''Cap'' is worn backward.. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'visor' (not including the kind of visor ('eyeshade' that includes ony the front projection, held on by a band around the head).in WordNet: 2. bill, peak, eyeshade, visor, vizor - (a brim that projects to the front to shade the eyes; 'he pulled down the bill of his cap and trudged ahead') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Projection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cap ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :VistulaRiver :guid "bdc8aac7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "A European river that flows into the Baltic Sea" . :Visual :pertainsTo :SenseOfSight, :SenseOfVision ; :wnsense "ocular2adj", "optic2adj", "optical1adj", "visual1adj" ; :wordnet "ocular", "optic", "optical", "visual" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Visual'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to the sense of vision (''SenseOfSight'' in COSMO) and the act of ''Seeing'' and both natural and artifactual systems or methods that use, participate in or assist the sense of sight. Corresponds to adjectuve sense 1 of 'visual' in WordNet: 1. (27) ocular, optic, optical, visual - (relating to or using sight; 'ocular inspection'; 'an optical illusion'; 'visual powers'; 'visual navigation') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :VisualAcuity a :AttributeValueType, :SensoryCapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'VisualAcuity' is an AttributeValue of animals, or artificial sensors that specifies how sensitive a general visual sense is, or what particular colors can be discriminated. The more common notion of 'sense of vision' as one of the 'five sense' is that exhibited by animals, and is represented asthe subtype ''SenseOfVision'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValue, :SensoryAbility . :VisualAid :en "visual aid" ; :enn "visual aid" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VisualAid'' is a ''HardcopyInformationBearingObject'' - usually an Object having a two-dimensional image with or without text, such as a slide or a projected image of a slide or of some computerized image, or a poster or flip-chart or any other object with information on it that is used to assist for transmitting information, especially in teaching or ''Lecture''s or ''Presentations''s. No WN entry. RHW noun 'visual aid': any of various materials depending on the sense of sight, as films, slides, photographs, etc., used as aids in teaching. [1910-15] """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardcopyInformationBearingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Presentation :Informing :Teaching :PublicSpeech ) ] ] . :VisualArtActivity :guid "c0701836-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that the product need not be FineArt, it can be some visual art object that has a practical purpose, such as photographs taken for person use or commercial use, as well as for the sake of Art. The thing created may be a physical representation other than on a surface, such as a DigitalPhotograph or an image in computer memory generated by some computer-based process. Cyc: The collection of activities that instances of #$Artist-Visual do. This includes things like #$PaintingAPicture, (#$MakingFn #$Sculpture), and #$TakingaPhotograph.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtActivity, :Creation, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtObject :PhysicalImage ) ] ] . :VisualArtifact-CW :guid "bfd54970-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$VisualWork. Each instance of #$VisualArtifact-CW is an abstract work intended to be instantiated as an instance of #$Artifact in a manner that would permit it to be viewed. Notable instances include paintings (instantiated as instances of #$Painting-ArtForm), photographs, drawings, engravings, and sculptures.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :VisualWork . :VisualArtist :en "visual artist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VisualArtist'' is an ''VisualArtist'' that creates works intended to appeal to the sight, whether in two or three dimensions. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artist . :VisualImageRecording :en "visual image recording" ; :enn "visual image recording" ; :guid "c0fcd428-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InformationRecordingProcess. Each instance of #$VisualImageRecording is an event in which a #$VisualImage is recorded using a #$VisualInformationRecordingDevice. Specializations include #$TakingaPhotograph and #$MakingAVideoRecording. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Imaging, :InformationRecordingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Camera ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :VisualImpairment :wnsense "vision defect1n", "visual defect1n", "visual disorder1n", "visual impairment1n" ; :wordnet "vision defect", "visual defect", "visual disorder", "visual impairment" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VisualImpairment'' is a ''Disability'' in which the ability to see is significantly less than that of a typical animal of its type. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'visual impairment' in WordNet: 1. visual impairment, visual defect, vision defect, visual disorder - (impairment of the sense of sight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Animal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Seeing ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :VisualInformationBearingThing :guid "bd58cfb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$Artifact-Generic and #$InformationBearingThing. Each instance of this collection is an artifact from which information is extracted by viewing it (note that a viewer may need to be familiar with an appropriate set of interpretive conventions in order to do this). Examples of #$VisualInformationBearingThing include handwritten letters, newspapers, sculptures, television sets, and neon signs. (Thus, the information content of #$VisualInformationBearingThings may or may not be propositional in nature.) In the proper conditions, instances of #$VisualInformationBearingThing produce instances of #$VisualImage (which, unlike instances of #$VisualInformationBearingThing, are instances of #$Event). For example, if one shines light on a photograph, a characteristic #$VisualImage is produced. Likewise, if one electrifies a neon sign, a #$VisualImage is produced. A notable specialization of this collection is #$StillImageSource - sources of #$VisualImage that do not move (which thus includes all the examples of #$VisualInformationBearingThing given above except for the television set). See also the predicate #$visuallyDepicts. COSMO note: this category has been interpreted as potentially representing visual signalling events (e.g. 'Gesture', and is therefore very generic. For physical objects bearing visual information, use 'StillImageSource'""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :InformationBearingThing . :VisualInformationGeneratingAct :guid "bd58f666-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$IBTGeneration (q.v.). Each instance of #$VisualInformationGeneratingAct is an action that generates visual information (i.e. information of a kind typically accessed via the sense of sight). Specializations of this collection include #$MakingAGesture, #$DisplayingSomething, and #$Writing. If a given visual-information-generating act also involves conveying the information to another agent (i.e. if it is a #$Communicating), then it is also a #$VisualCommunicating (q.v.). Or a visual-information-generating act might be a proper sub-event of a visual-communicating act. COSMO note: the information generated does not have to be literally 'visual', since content generated e.g. by a sensor in a form that could be transmitted to and read by a person or automaton. Also, to accommodate the SUMO equivalent, content modification is also included here. This is a broad category of information eneration, but making sounds, as in talking, would be a form of IBTGeneration that is not included. Similar to the SUMO 'ContentDevelopment' SUMO: A subclass of IntentionalProcess in which content is modified, its form is altered or it is created anew.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBTGeneration . :VisualInformationRecordingDevice :en "image recording device" ; :guid "c0fd4ca1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Specifically for recording images, but this can be a parent for a Device that does sound and video recording. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InformationRecordingDevice . :VisualPattern a :GroupType, :PatternType, :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the most general Type in which to collect visual patterns - geometric designs, fingerprint patterns, artifact structural patterns, appearances, shapes, outlines, etc.. NOTE that an abstract image itself (e.g. an image of a fingerprint) can be a pattern. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pattern, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Visible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :VisualWork :guid "bdf02e82-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$ConceptualWork. Each instance of #$VisualWork is an abstract work that is intended to be instantiated in a medium that is experienced primarily visually. The textual component of an instance of #$VisualWork, if any, is secondary to its visual component. Instances of #$VisualWork may contain textual components, but the content of an instance of #$VisualWork could not be completely expressed in text (thus #$VisualWork is disjoint with #$TextualPCW). Important specializations of #$VisualWork include #$VideoConceptualWork and #$VisualArtifact-CW.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork . :Visually :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Visual ; :pertainsTo :Seeing, :SenseOfSight, :SenseOfVision, :View ; :wnsense "visually1adv" ; :wordnet "visually" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'visually' in Wordnet: 1. (3) visually - (with respect to vision; 'visually distorted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Vital :pertainsTo :Living, :VitalOrgan ; :wnsense "vital2adj", "vital4adj" ; :wordnet "vital" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Vital'' is ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to ''Life'' or to organs necessary for Life or to signs of life. Includes adjective senses 2 and 4 of 'vital' in WordNet: 2. vital, life-sustaining - (performing an essential function in the living body; 'vital organs'; 'blood and other vital fluids'; 'the loss of vital heat in shock'; 'a vital spot'; 'life-giving love and praise') 4. vital - (manifesting or characteristic of life; 'a vital, living organism'; 'vital signs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :Vital-Urgent :isTheOppositeOf :NonUrgent ; :wnsense "critical4adj", "vital1adj" ; :wordnet "critical", "vital" ; a :ProrityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vital-Urgent'' is an attribute of Actions that are considered - by some person(s) - as being very necessary. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vital' in WordNet: 1. (6) critical, vital - (urgently needed; absolutely necessary; 'a critical element of the plan'; 'critical medical supplies'; 'vital for a healthy society'; 'of vital interest') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Urgent . :VitalForce :wnsense "elan vital1n", "life force1n", "vital force1n", "vitality3n" ; :wordnet "elan vital", "life force", "vital force", "vitality" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vital force' in WordNet: 1. life force, vital force, vitality, elan vital - ((biology) a hypothetical force (not physical or chemical) once thought by Henri Bergson to cause the evolution and development of organisms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :MentalSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hypothetical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Living ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :VitalOrgan :wnsense "vital organ1n", "vitals1n" ; :wordnet "vital organ", "vitals" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :BiologicalOrganType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VitalOrgan'' is an''Organ'' that is essential for the maintenance of Life. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vital organ' in WordNet: 1. vital organ, vitals - (a bodily organ that is essential for life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Organ, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vital ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :VitalPrinciple :wnsense "vital principle1n" ; :wordnet "vital principle" ; a :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'VitalPrinciple' is a philosophical/religious term that assumes that physical forces alone are insufficient to explain the phenomena of living things, especially of people. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'vital principle' in WordNet: 1. vital principle, life principle - (a hypothetical force to which the functions and qualities peculiar to living things are sometimes ascribed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cause . :VitalSign :wnsense "vital sign1n" ; :wordnet "vital sign" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VitalSign'' is an observable Physiological condition that provides general evidence of the overall state of an animal's health, and whether there are any potential ''AilmentCondition''s.. These signs include heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and breathing rate. These can be added as subtypes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vital sign' in WordNet: 1. vital sign - (sign of life; usually an indicator of a person's general physical condition; 'he was still alive but his vital signs were weak') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysiologicalProcess, :Symptom, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vital ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Important ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AnimalBody ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSignOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysiologicalConditionType ] . :Vitality :en "bodily or mental strength" ; :enn "bodily or mental strength" ; :wnsense "dynamism2n", "energy5n", "heartiness1n", "vigor2n", "vigour2n", "vim1n", "vitality2n" ; :wordnet "dynamism", "energy", "heartiness", "vigor", "vigour", "vim", "vitality" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Vitality'' is a strength of body or mind, a general 'heartiness'. This is a degree of healthiness above the minimum for routine activity; the 'vigor' of a style (as of writing) is represented by ''Vigor''. NOTE: this sense of 'vitality' appears to be for bodily strength (a subtype of 'good health' in WN), but sense 2 of 'vigor' also includes that. Perhaps this should be a subtype of 'vigour, vigour, dynamism ..'?? Need a 'being strong'?? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vitality' in WordNet: 2. (1) energy, vim, vitality - (a healthy capacity for vigorous activity; 'jogging works off my excess energy'; 'he seemed full of vim and vigor') WN noun 'vigor': 2. vigor, vigour, dynamism, heartiness - (active strength of body or mind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strength, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ] . :VitalityAttribute :takesValue :VitalityAttributeValue ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeType that takes VitalityAttributeValue as its value. This AttributeType includes values such as dead, alive, conscious, awake, sleeping - all of which are subtypes of 'VitalityAttributeValue'..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeType . :VitalityAttributeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """VitalityAttributeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for attributes specifyuing vitality (alive, dead) and an argument restriction for some relations on QualitativeAttributes. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeType . :VitalityAttributeValue a :AttributeValueType, :VitalityAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute that specifies whether an animal is alive, dead, conscious, or unconscious - meaningful only when asserted at a particular time. The SUMO 'AnimacyAttribute' is restricted to being alive or dead: SUMO: Attributes that indicate whether an Organism is alive or not.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiologicalAttributeValue . :Vitamin :guid "bd58bcc2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vitamin1n" ; :wordnet "vitamin" ; a :DrugSubstanceType, :VitaminType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The vitamin itself not necessarily in the form of a pill - could be a constituent of a pill or of food. In COSMO this is a Substance, not an Object. SUMO: A Nutrient present in natural products or made synthetically, which is essential in the diet of Humans and other higher Animals. Included here are Vitamin precursors and provitamins. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin' in Wordnet: 1. (3) vitamin - (any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrugSubstance, :Micronutrient, :OrganicSubstance . :VitaminB :guid "bd860c56-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "B complex1n", "B vitamin1n", "B-complex vitamin1n", "B2n", "vitamin B complex1n", "vitamin B1n" ; :wordnet "B", "B complex", "B vitamin", "B-complex vitamin", "vitamin B", "vitamin B complex" ; a :PharmaceuticalType, :VitaminType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any one or combination of the vitamins included in the 'vitamin B complex'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin B' in WordNet: 1. B-complex vitamin, B complex, vitamin B complex, vitamin B, B vitamin, B - (originally thought to be a single vitamin but now separated into several B vitamins) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vitamin . :VitaminC :guid "bd58b271-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :prevents :Scurvy ; :wnsense "ascorbic acid1n", "vitamin C1n" ; :wordnet "ascorbic acid", "vitamin C" ; a :PharmaceuticalType, :VitaminType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VitaminC''is one of the essential vitamins - prevents scurvy. CYC: Ascorbic acid. Take a lot of this vitamin and it may keep you healthy. Tastes yummy too. Citrus fruit is a good source of this nutrient. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin C' in WordNet: 1. (1) vitamin C, ascorbic acid - (a vitamin found in fresh fruits (especially citrus fruits) and vegetables; prevents scurvy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antioxidant, :Vitamin . :VitaminD :guid "bd58bd83-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "calciferol1n", "cholecarciferol1n", "ergocalciferol1n", "viosterol1n", "vitamin D1n" ; :wordnet "calciferol", "cholecarciferol", "ergocalciferol", "viosterol", "vitamin D" ; a :PharmaceuticalType, :VitaminType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VitaminD''is one of the essential vitamins. CYC: #$Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble hormones, calciferol (vitamin D2), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), together with 7-dehydrocholesterol (vitamin D1), a precursor which is found in human skin and becomes vitamin D3 when exposed to ultraviolet light. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin D' in WordNet: 1. vitamin D, calciferol, viosterol, ergocalciferol, cholecarciferol, D - (a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vitamin . :VitaminE :guid "bf39000b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "E1n", "tocopherol1n", "vitamin E1n" ; :wordnet "E", "tocopherol", "vitamin E" ; a :PharmaceuticalType, :VitaminType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin E' in WordNet: 1. (1) vitamin E, tocopherol, E - (a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Antioxidant, :Vitamin . :VitaminPill :wnsense "vitamin pill1n" ; :wordnet "vitamin pill" ; a :DosageFormType, :PharmacyProductType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vitamin pill' in WordNet: 1. vitamin pill - (a pill containing one or more vitamins; taken as a dietary supplement) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :containsSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :VitaminType ] . :VitaminType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalSubstanceType . :Vituperating :eng "reviling", "vilifying", "vituperating" ; :wnsense "rail9v", "revile1v", "vilify1n", "vituperate1v" ; :wordnet "rail", "revile", "vilify", "vituperate" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vituperate' in WordNet: 1. vilify, revile, vituperate, rail - (spread negative information about; 'The Nazi propaganda vilified the Jews') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerballyAbusingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hatred ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vituperation ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Vituperation :wnsense "invective1n", "revilement1n", "vilification1n", "vitriol2n", "vituperation1n" ; :wordnet "invective", "revilement", "vilification", "vitriol", "vituperation" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vituperation' in WordNet: 1. vituperation, invective, vitriol - (abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contumely, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vituperating ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Vivacious :wnsense "vibrant1adj", "vivacious1adj" ; :wordnet "vibrant", "vivacious" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vivacious'' is an intensive degree of ''Lively'' being the attribute of someone who acts with perceptible vigor, without slowing down (in the relevant period of time). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vivacious' in Wordnet: 1. (2) vibrant, vivacious - (vigorous and animated; 'a vibrant group that challenged the system'; 'a charming and vivacious hostess'; 'a vivacious folk dance') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lively . :Vivacity :wnsense "vivacity1n" ; :wordnet "vivacity" ; a :EventType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a ''Vivacity'' is a ''HavingAnAttribute'' (a ''Quality'') where the attribute is ''Lively''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vivacity' in WordNet: 1. vivacity - (characterized by high spirits and animation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vivacious ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Vivid :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Remembering ; :wnsense "graphic5adj", "lifelike1adj", "pictorial2adj", "vivid1adj" ; :wordnet "graphic", "lifelike", "pictorial", "vivid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vivid'' is an attribute of Objects or Events that bring to mind clear and lifelike memories. This type is also used for the kind of memory that is clear and lifelike. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'vivid' in Wordnet: 1. (10) graphic, lifelike, pictorial, vivid - (evoking lifelike images within the mind; 'pictorial poetry and prose'; 'graphic accounts of battle'; 'a lifelike portrait'; 'a vivid description') 2. (4) vivid - (having the clarity and freshness of immediate experience; 'a vivid recollection') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evocative . :Vividly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Vivid ; :wnsense "vividly1adv" ; :wordnet "vividly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vividly' in Wordnet: 1. (4) vividly - (in a vivid manner; 'he described his adventures vividly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :ViviparousAnimal :guid "bf058d0f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Animal. Each instance of #$ViviparousAnimal is an animal which is born from its mother's body. Cf. #$OviparousAnimal.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal . :Vocabulary :wnsense "vocabulary1n" ; :wordnet "vocabulary" ; a :GroupType, :LanguageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Vocabulary' is a Group of at least two 'Designators' that are used in some Language. This includes verbal sounds, abstract symbols, AbstractStrings and anything else that can serve as the 'words' of the Language. NOTE that WordNet sense 2 - an individual person's vocabulary - is not yet (rev977) represented in COSMO. That This type corresponds to sense 1 of 'vocabulary' in WordNet, Sense 2 seems to be a part of a 'Vocabulary', being only that part of a 'Vocabulary' known by an individual speaker. This type represents the full Group of symbols used in a Language at some point in time (which may change too fast to be fully known by any one person), not a person's 'knowledge'. in WordNet: 1. (6) vocabulary - (a listing of the words used in some enterprise) 2. (3) vocabulary, lexicon, mental lexicon - (a language user's knowledge of words) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PluralThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Designator ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :Language ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :VocabularyType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment "Each 'VocabularyType' is a 'Vocabulary' for some Language." ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Vocal :pertainsTo :Singing, :Voice ; :wnsense "vocal1adj", "vocal2adj" ; :wordnet "vocal" ; a :AttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vocal'' is the ''PertainingAttributeValue'' pertaining to the ''Voice'' or to ''Singing''. Correspond to adjective senses 1 and 2 of'vocal' in WordNet: 1. (1) vocal - (relating to or designed for or using the singing voice; 'vocal technique'; 'the vocal repertoire'; 'organized a vocal group to sing his compositions') 2. (1) vocal - (having or using the power to produce speech or sound; 'vocal organs'; 'all vocal beings hymned their praise') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :VocalCords :en "vocal cords" ; :guid "bd589e7a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Throat ; :wnsense "vocal cord1n" ; :wordnet "vocal cord" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The type ''VocalCords'' is grammatically plural, but here is interpreted as the whole set of vocal cords as a singular object. CYC: Mucus membranes which produce sound from inside the larynx. Corresponds to the plural (the pair) of noun sense 1 of 'vocal cord' in Wordnet: 1. vocal cord, vocal fold, vocal band, plica vocalis - (either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :InternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Throat ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :VocalMusic :wnsense "vocal music1n", "vocal music2n" ; :wordnet "vocal music" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type includes any form of ''Music'' that includes Music produced by human singing (''Singing-Human'') whether or not acompanied by instruments. It does not include purely instrumental. The *necessary* part of ''VocalMusic''produced only by a human voice is produced by''\"Singing-Human''. Instrumental music is not a necessary part of this type. NOTE that Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'vocal music' in WordNet: 1. vocal music, vocal - (music intended to be performed by one or more singers, usually with instrumental accompaniment) 2. vocal music - (music that is vocalized (as contrasted with instrumental music)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Music, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Singing-Human ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Vocalizing :en "vocalizing" ; :wnsense "sound5v", "vocalise4v", "vocalize1v", "voice2v" ; :wordnet "sound", "vocalise", "vocalize", "voice" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO; Any instance of RadiatingSound where the instrument is the Human vocal cords. This covers grunts, screams, roars, as well as Speaking. NOTE that the SUMO 'Vocalizing' is distinguished from the Cyc 'MakingAnOralSound' in that 'Vocalizing' is restricted to human oral sound-making. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'vocalize' in Wordnet: 1. (1) voice, sound, vocalize, vocalise - (utter with vibrating vocal chords) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :MakingAnOralSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VocalCords ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VocalCords ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ] . :Vocally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Vocal ; :wnsense "vocally1adv" ; :wordnet "vocally" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vocally'' is an AdverbialModifier that specifies that the action modified was performed in a ''Vocal'' manner, i.e. by using the voice; this word is often used to mean 'loudly'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'vocally' in Wordnet: 1. vocally - (in a vocal manner; 'she defended herself vocally') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Vocation :wnsense "calling1n", "career1n", "vocation1n" ; :wordnet "calling", "career", "vocation" ; a :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Vocation' is an Occupation requiring significant training, either by practice or apprenticeship, or training at a 'vocational school' or at a college or university, but differs from a ''Profession'' in that it is a career for which the Person performing it developed a strong desire to pursue that career for reasons other than just taking some job to make money, usually as a way to do things that benefit other people or humanity in general (or, for .religious 'vocations', to perform God's work). Calling an Occupation a 'vocation' indicates that it is the only career toward which that Person has aspired. On the other hand,a Person may have more than one ''Profession'' over a lifetime, but typically will have only one 'vocation'. This is a career toward which a Person has felt 'called' by her/his inner feelings. This type is more specific than that suggested by the WN gloss. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'vocation' in WordNet: 1. (2) career, calling, vocation - (the particular occupation for which you are trained) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expert ; owl:onProperty :isTheOccupationOfA ] . :Vocational :pertainsTo :VocationalSchool ; :wnsense "vocational1adj" ; :wordnet "vocational" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vocational'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to a ''VocationalSchool'' or a ''Vocational''and things characteristic of either. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vocational' in Wordnet: 1. (49) vocational - (of or relating to a vocation or occupation; especially providing or undergoing training in special skills; 'vocational school'; 'vocational students learning to repair a motor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :VocationalOrTechnicalSchool :guid "5a15c5a8-37ae-11d6-8000-0090279a5907" ; a :OrganizationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The class of #$DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution that dispense exclusively #$Vocational-TechnicalDegrees.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution . :VocationalSchool :wnsense "trade school1n", "vocational school1n" ; :wordnet "trade school", "vocational school" ; a :SchoolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Organization that is not a College or University that specifically teaches students a trade rather than a general school of arts and/or sciences. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vocational school' in WordNet: 1. (4) trade school, vocational school - (a secondary school teaching the skilled trades) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FourYearSchool, :SecondarySchool . :Vodka :guid "bd588777-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vodka1n" ; :wordnet "vodka" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Vodka is usually sold commercially in 80 proof and 100 proof varieties. It does not usually have a strong taste of its own and is thus often mixed with other flavorings (such as orange juice) to add an alcoholic effect. It is also drunk 'neat', especially in Russia and by Russians. Has a kick. Wikipedia: Vodka is a clear distilled alcoholic beverage that originates from Poland and Russia. It is composed primarily of water and ethanol, but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings. Traditionally it is made by distilling the liquid from cereal grains or potatoes that have been fermented, though some modern brands use fruits or sugar as the base Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vodka' in WordNet: 1. vodka - (unaged colorless liquor originating in Russia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distillate, :Liquor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Colorless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Voice :isEmittedBy :Person ; :ldoce "voice" ; :wnsense "phonation1n", "vocalism2n", "vocalization1n", "voice2n", "vox1n" ; :wordnet "phonation", "vocalism", "vocalization", "voice", "vox" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Event which is the sound of a Human voice. This type of sound is one distinctive of human talking, such as speaking, singing, whispering. When a person imitates the sound of some non-human thing, that is not an instance of 'Voice'. When a recording of a human voice is played, the sound produced is also an instance of this type. However, synthetic machine produced speech that is not a recording of a human voice is not an instance. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'voice' in WordNet: 2. (70) voice, vocalization, vocalisation, vocalism, phonation, vox - (the sound made by the vibration of vocal folds modified by the resonance of the vocal tract; 'a singer takes good care of his voice'; 'the giraffe cannot make any vocalizations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalSound . :VoiceCharacter :isAnAttributeValueOf :Voice ; :ldoce "voice" ; :wnsense "voice1n" ; :wordnet "voice" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'VoiceCharacter' is the AttributeValue whose subtypes represent any of various qualities of the human voice: intensity, qualitative attributes such as accent, rate of speech for particular instances of speaking, and the various qualities that can be associated with a singing voice.. This is the sense of 'voice' represented by phrases such as 'I recognized his voice' - i.e. one recognized the distinctive qualitative character of his voice. This can also be used to assign a measure of 'quality' (comprehensibility, lack of noise) to a Voice Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voice' in WordNet: 1. (78) voice - (the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech; 'A shrill voice sounded behind us') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue, :SoundQuality . :VoiceKey :wnsense "key3n" ; :wordnet "key" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The pitch of a person's voice, generally low or high. In WN, this type of 'key' is a ''Pitch'' of the voice. however,a ''Pitch'' is usually used for a single frequency, whereas the 'key' of a voice is perhaps an overall average. But the two are closely related, so this is set as a subtype. Can be modified if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'key' in WordNet: 3. (2) key - (pitch of the voice; 'he spoke in a low key') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pitch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speech ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeOf ] . :Void :wnsense "emptiness3n", "vacancy2n", "vacuum2n", "void3n" ; :wordnet "emptiness", "vacancy", "vacuum", "void" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'void' in WordNet: 3. void, vacancy, emptiness, vacuum - (an empty area or space; 'the huge desert voids'; 'the emptiness of outer space'; 'without their support he'll be ruling in a vacuum') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FreeSpaceRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Available ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :nothing ; owl:onProperty :contains ] . :VoirDireQuestioning :en "voir dire" ; :enn "voir dire" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''VoirDireQuestioning'' is the questioning (by a Judge) of individal potential ''Juror''s in a ''JuryPanel'' to deterine of that Person is suitable to serve as a ''Juror'' in some specific trial. No WN synset found. RHW 'voir dire' sense 2 is the intended meaning: RHW 'voir dire': 1. an oath administered to a proposed witness or juror by which he or she is sworn to speak the truth in an examination to ascertain his or her competence. 2. the examination itself. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Examining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judge ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:JuryPanel :Panelist ) ] ] . :Volatile :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Volatility ; :wnsense "volatile1adj" ; :wordnet "volatile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TendencyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Tendency of a liquid to evaporate. This is a continuous property, depending on the vapor pressure-temperature profile, the ambient pressure, and the temperature. Liquids labeled 'Volatile' should evaporate at normal temperatures at least one-tenth as quickly as Water. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'volatile' in Wordnet: 1. (5) volatile - (evaporating readily at normal temperatures and pressures; 'volatile oils'; 'volatile solvents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tendency . :VolatileSubstance :wnsense "volatile1n" ; :wordnet "volatile" ; a :RoleType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A VolatileSubstance is a Substance that evaporates rapidly at room temperature, or at some easily achievable temperature. This usually is due to a boiling point not much higher than the contextually relevant temprature, and is an attribute that has continuous degrees - setting a borderline would be difficult. Substances that sublimate at room temperature (such as 'DryIce') and EthylEther would be an examples. Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'volatile' in WordNet: 1. volatile - (a volatile substance; a substance that changes readily from solid or liquid to a vapor; 'it was heated to evaporate the volatiles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, :SubstanceRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volatile ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Volatility :guid "bd58be35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "volatility1n" ; :wordnet "volatility" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Volatility is a specific readiness of some liquid to evaporate. Higher volatility indicates a faster rate of evaporation. Volatilities of substances are indicated with the predicate #$volatilityOfSubstance (q.v.). NOTE: the term 'Volatility' can be used in two senses: (1) as a quality of something that is ''Volatile'' - has a tendency to evaporate easily; and (2) a quantitative measure of the tendency to evaporate. This type represents the state of being (relatively) ''Volatile''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volatility' in WordNet: 1. (1) volatility - (the property of changing readily from a solid or liquid to a vapor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volatile ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Volcanic :pertainsTo :Lava, :VolcanicCrater, :VolcanicRock, :Volcano ; :wnsense "volcanic1adj" ; :wordnet "volcanic" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'volcanic' in Wordnet: 1. volcanic - (relating to or produced by or consisting of volcanoes; 'volcanic steam'; 'volcanic islands such as Iceland'; 'a volcanic cone is a conical mountain or hill built up of material from volcanic eruptions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :VolcanicCrater :wnsense "crater1n", "volcanic crater1n" ; :wordnet "crater", "volcanic crater" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VolcanicCrater'' is an ''Opening'' through the Earth's crust from a Magma pool below to the surface. NOTE that the crater of an inactive Volcano is still called a ''VolcanicCrater'' even when it is not emitting ''Lava''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volcanic crater' in WordNet: 1. volcanic crater, crater - (a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crater, :Opening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volcano ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volcano ; owl:onProperty :wasCreatedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volcanic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :VolcanicRock :wnsense "volcanic rock1n" ; :wordnet "volcanic rock" ; a :StoneType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''IgneousRock'' located at the surface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volcanic rock' in WordNet: 1. volcanic rock - (extrusive igneous rock solidified near or on the surface of the Earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IgneousRock, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsSurface ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volcanic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Volcano :guid "bd590a50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vent3n", "volcano1n", "volcano2n" ; :wordnet "vent", "volcano" ; a :AgentType, :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for a Volcano that still has a *potentially* active lava tube or some path-feature that could permit it to resume volcanic activity. For ''LongDormantVolcanoe''s it may not be evident whether they still have any potetentail for erupting, so the safe assumption will be that any Mountain clearly formed by volcanic activity is a ''Volcano''. But this type differs from 'LongDormantVolcano'' in that for the latter there as been no evidence of activity for over a million years and it can be assumed that new volcanic activity is unlikely. For this type the presence of a ''LavaTube'' attached to the ''Volcano'' will be assumed. NOTE that a 'Volcano' is also considered as a ''GenericAgent' becase it can 'act' and do things. CYC: A collection of topographical features. Each element of #$Volcano is a mountain created by the outflow of lava. Elements of #$Volcano may or may not be active volcanoes. Examples: #$Vesuvius-Volcano, #$MountFuji-Volcano, #$Popocatepetl-Volcano, #$Krakatoa-Volcano, #$MaunaKea-Volcano, #$MountSaintHelens-Volcano. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'volcano' in WordNet: 1. (1) vent, volcano - (a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt) 2. volcano - (a mountain formed by volcanic material) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericAgent, :Mountain, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erupting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LavaTube ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Lava ; owl:onProperty :canEmit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volcanic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Vole :guid "bd825024-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "field mouse1n", "vole1n" ; :wordnet "field mouse", "vole" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vole' in WordNet: 1. vole, field mouse - (any of various small mouselike rodents of the family Cricetidae (especially of genus Microtus) having a stout short-tailed body and inconspicuous ears and inhabiting fields or meadows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WoodRat . :VolgaRiver :guid "bd58b0c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :EuropeRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The longest river in Europe, it is known in Russian folklore as 'Mother Volga'. """ . :Volition :ldoce "will" ; :wnsense "discretion4n", "free will1n", "volition1n", "will1n" ; :wordnet "discretion", "free will", "volition", "will" ; a :CapabilityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Volition' is a type of 'AbilityToChoose' that is located in the internal mental processes of an agent and allows that agent to select one or more from among a Group of Options; this corresponds to the notion of 'free will' or 'willpower'. However, **NOTE** that representing this Capability is in essence merely an observation that the actions of conscious agents are determined by internal processes; this does **not** mean that such actions are not fully determined by the internal physical processes within the agents. The common abstract notion of 'free will' is often interpreted to mean that at least some actions of conscious agents, at least humans, are *not* fully determined, and humans can therefore be held responsible for their actions as a matter of morality. This notion of 'free will' is not represented in COSMO because it appears logically incoherent, if physical causality is universal. Including quantum uncertainty does not restore the common notion of 'free will' in human decision-making because the quantum fluctuations are not under human control, and control of decision-making is the essence of traditional 'free will'. Attempts to assign such non-determinate decision-making to spirits lead to the same logical inconsistencies. Whether those internal processes are themselves determined by heredity and the influences of environment and experience is not an issue that affects the meaning of this type. This type represents the empirical observation that it is not possible to predict reliably what an agent will do in every situation, because external observers do not have access to the details of the internal mental processes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'will' and sense 1 of 'volition' in WordNet, and includes sense 1 of 'free will': in WordNet: 1. (11) volition, will - (the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention; 'the exercise of their volition we construe as revolt'- George Meredith) WN noun 'free will': 1. (1) free will, discretion - (the power of making free choices unconstrained by external agencies) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbilityToChoose, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deciding ; owl:onProperty :isAbilityToPerformActionType ] . :Volleyball :wnsense "volleyball game1n", "volleyball1n" ; :wordnet "volleyball", "volleyball game" ; a :SportType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of 'SportType'; for the game which is an Event, use 'VolleyballGame'. NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the game Event, and the game as a specification with rules. This is for the ''Game'' as the Specification. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volleyball' in WordNet: 1. (1) volleyball, volleyball game - (a game in which two teams hit an inflated ball over a high net using their hands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallSport, :TeamSport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VolleyballGame ; owl:onProperty :hasExecutionEvent ] . :VolleyballBall :wnsense "volleyball2n" ; :wordnet "volleyball" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ball used in a VolleyballGame. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'volleyball' in WordNet: 2. volleyball - (an inflated ball used in playing volleyball) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :InflatableContainer, :InflatedBall, :SphericalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VolleyballGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VolleyballGame ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :VolleyballGame :wnsense "volleyball game1n", "volleyball1n" ; :wordnet "volleyball", "volleyball game" ; a :GameType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: WN does not distinguish between the game Event, and the game as a specification with rules. This is for the GameEvent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volleyball' in WordNet: 1. volleyball, volleyball game - (a game in which two teams hit an inflated ball over a high net using their hands) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallGame, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volleyball ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VolleyballBall ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :VolleyballNet :en "net" ; :enn "net" ; :wnsense "volleyball net1n" ; :wordnet "volleyball net" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VolleyballNet'' is a ''Mesh'' (a 'net') that is supported between two vertical poles placed on either side of a soccer field that can be designated ad hoc from any parcel of flat land wide and long enough, and situated halfway between the opposite ends of the field which is typically about twenty feet wide and forty feet long.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volleyball net' in WordNet: 1. volleyball net - (the high net that separates the two teams and over which the volleyball must pass) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GameNet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VolleyballGame ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Volt :wnsense "volt1n" ; :wordnet "volt" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI electric potential measure. Symbol: V. It is the difference of electric potential between two points of a conducting wire carrying a constant current of 1 Ampere, when the power dissipated between these points is equal to 1 Watt. Volt = W/A = m^2*kg*s^(-3)*A^(-1). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volt' in Wordnet: 1. volt, V - (a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt; equivalent to the potential difference across a resistance of 1 ohm when 1 ampere of current flows through it) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :VoltAmpere :wnsense "var1n", "volt-ampere1n" ; :wordnet "var", "volt-ampere" ; a :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volt-ampere' in WordNet: 1. volt-ampere, var - (a unit of electrical power in an AC circuit equal to the power dissipated when 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectromagneticUnit . :Voltage :wnsense "electric potential1n", "electromotive force1n", "emf1n", "potential difference1n", "potential drop1n", "potential2n", "voltage1n", "voltage2n" ; :wordnet "electric potential", "electromotive force", "emf", "potential", "potential difference", "potential drop", "voltage" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Voltage'' is a type of ''ElectricalPhenomenon'', which is the *state* of a *difference* in electrical potential between two points in an 'electrical circuit' - NOTE that the 'circuit' does not have to be an artifact: there can be a ''Voltage'' between the ground of the Earth and some point in a cloud, the sort of voltage that causes ''Lightning''. NOTE: the CYC 'Voltage' is a 'MeasurableQuantity' that is the actual quantitative difference in electrical potential, whereas this Voltage is the Phenomenon - quite different The CYC sense is represented by ''VoltageMeasure''. This type is not the CYC 'Voltage'. THe CYC gloss is given here for reference: CYC: A specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of #$Voltage is the electric potential of an electric force, measured in terms of the amount of work it takes the force to move a charge from one place to another. The standard unit of measure (see the collection #$UnitOfMeasure) for #$Voltage is the volt (see the constant #$Volt). RHW: electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts. NOTE: the WN gloss for sense 1 is obscure, and sounds more like an 'amperege. That sense is included in the assumption that the intended meaning is the same Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'voltage' in WordNet: 1. (8) voltage, electromotive force, emf - (the rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; expressed in volts) 2. (2) electric potential, potential, potential difference, potential drop, voltage - (the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalPhenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VoltageMeasure ; owl:onProperty :isMeasuredBy ] . :VoltageMeasure :guid "bd58e1a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :GroupType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VoltageMeasure'' is a 'Measurement' that expresses the magnitude of a ''Voltage'' that is the difference in electrical potential between two points that are (usually) within some kind of circuit (not necessarily artifactual) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measurement, :QuantitativeAttributeValue, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voltage ; owl:onProperty :isaMeasureOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :volts ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasQuantifier ; owl:someValuesFrom :Quantifier ] . :VoltageSource :en "electric power source", "power source", "source of voltage", "voltage source" ; :guid "bd58a676-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A source of electrical voltage. COSMO note: This category is interpreted as being a physical object that has connecting terminals that connect to some form of power supply. It may merely be a connector, such as a WallOutlet, or may be the power generator itself, such as a Battery. The criterion is to have terminals to which electrical devices can be connected. This device must have at least two terminals - for certain power lines that depend on a ground, the 'ground' terminal is connected to the physical ground. NOTE also that in Cyc there is a distinction between 'VoltageSource' and 'CurrentSource' (''PowerSource'' in COSMO). Apparently, a 'CurrentSource' is supposed to be the unit that actually generates the power, but Cyc has 'PowerSupply' as a subtype, and the PowerSupply in typical devices does not generate power (i.e. convert some other form of energy into electrical current) , rather it converts line power to another voltage. In COSMO 'CurrentSource' is renamed as 'PowerGenerator'""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TwoTerminalElectricalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCurrent ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :Voltmeter :guid "bd58b23e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "voltmeter1n" ; :wordnet "voltmeter" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Device for measuring electrical voltage which is commonly used in repairing electrical devices. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voltmeter' in WordNet: 1. (1) voltmeter - (meter that measures the potential difference between two points) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gauge, :MeteringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VoltageMeasure ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ] . :Volume :takesValue :VolumeMeasure ; :wnsense "volume1n" ; :wordnet "volume" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Volume is a property both of three-dimensional regions of space, and of of all macroscopic PhysicalObjects; it is expressed in units of cubic length measure, or measures convertible to cubic length measures. For atoms, molecules, and especially subatomic particles, measures of Volume can only be approximated, because the mass probability density diminishes gradually from the center of mass; subatomic particles are often approximated as point masses. The WN sense is closer to 'quantity' than 'volume'?? Corresponds approximately to part of noun sense 2 of 'volume' in WordNet: 1. (134) volume - (the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; 'the gas expanded to twice its original volume') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Size . :VolumeCompression :guid "c0eca930-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "compact3v", "compaction1n", "compress1v", "compression1n", "concretion3n", "densification1n", "pack together1v" ; :wordnet "compact", "compaction", "compress", "compression", "concretion", "densification", "pack together" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VolumeCompression'' is a subtype of ''Compressing'' representing Events in which some PhysicalObject becomes smaller in Volume due to application of pressure. NOTE: for a reduction in volume without applying pressure, the entry ''Compacting'' can be used. CYC: 'Compressing'; The collection of events in which some #$PartiallyTangible is subjected to opposing forces which crush or compact the object, so that afterwards its volume is less than before. Instances are not necessarily also #$DestructionEvents, although they certainly can be depending on the thing acted on. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'compress' and part of noun sense 2 of 'compression' (but *not* for shrinking due to cooling) in WordNet: 1. (7) compress, compact, pack together - (make more compact by or as if by pressing; 'compress the data') WN noun 'compression': 2. compression, condensation, contraction - (the process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together; 'the contraction of a gas on cooling') WN noun 'compaction': 1. compaction, compression, concretion, densification - (an increase in the density of something) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compressing, :MakingSomethingMoreCompact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volume ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ApplyingAPressure ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compressed ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :VolumeIncrease a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VolumeIncrease'' is an increase in the Volume of some object(s) or region of space defined by Objects. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseInaQuantity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :causesIncreaseIn ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:VolumeMeasure :Volume ) ] ] . :VolumeMeasure :wnsense "volume1n" ; :wordnet "volume" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Measures of the amount of space in three dimensions. The units are in cubic measures of Length, e.g. cubic centimeters; related measures such as 'liter' are defined (since 1964) in terms of cubic length measures. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volume' in WordNet: 1. (134) volume - (the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; 'the gas expanded to twice its original volume') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstantQuantity . :VolumeOfSpace :guid "be669a01-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: a three-dimensional region of some space (not necessarily our real world space). This is the space itself, and does not include or imply that there are any objects in it. However, each instance of this kind fo space will usually be interpreted relative to some defined coordinate system, which, in the real world, usually means that it is relative to some physical object (which could be the collecion of all objects in the universe as a whole, to provide a universal frame of reference). In Cyc called 'ChunkOfSpace'. Cyc: A specialization of both #$ExtendedSpaceRegion and #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing (qq.v.). Instances of #$ChunkOfSpace are three-dimensional portions of a three-dimensional space. This is the kind of place that solid (i.e. three-dimensional) objects occupy. It makes sense to speak of, or compute, the volume of such objects. An important specialization of this collection is #$ChunkOfSpace-Empirical, whose instances are pieces of space in the empirical universe - the kind of space that physical objects occupy. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThreeDimensionalRegion, :TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing . :VolumePercent a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VolumePercent'' is a ''VolumeRatio''for the Volume of something in an Object or Substance, divided by the total Volume of that Object or Substance, multiplied by 100 to express the ratio in percentage. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance, :PercentNumber . :VolumeRatio a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VolumeRatio'' is a RationalNumber that is the ''Volume'' of one object or substance in a mixture dvided by the ''Volume'' of the whole mixture, in the same units. This is a pure number but its meaning is specific for describing what part of the ''Volume'' of a mixture is composed of one substance or ObjectType. See also ''VolumePercent''""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DimensionlessRatio, :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance . :VolumeType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """VolumeType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for volume attributes. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType . :Voluntarily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Voluntary ; :wnsense "voluntarily1adv" ; :wordnet "voluntarily" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Voluntarily'' is an AdverbialModifier that characterizes Actions. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'voluntarily' in Wordnet: 1. (2) voluntarily - (out of your own free will; 'he voluntarily submitted to the fingerprinting') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Voluntary :isTheOppositeOf :Involuntary ; :wnsense "voluntary1adj", "voluntary2adj" ; :wordnet "voluntary" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute of Actions that specifies that an Agent performed the Action with forethought; contrasts with 'involuntary', an attribute of actions that are automatically performed by the body without any thought given ahead of the action. Includes both adjective senses of 'voluntary' in WordNet: 1. (1) voluntary - (of your own free will or design; not forced or compelled; 'man is a voluntary agent'; 'participation was voluntary'; 'voluntary manslaughter'; 'voluntary generosity in times of disaster'; 'voluntary social workers'; 'a voluntary confession') 2. voluntary - (controlled by individual volition; 'voluntary motions'; 'voluntary muscles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :VoluntaryBodyMovement :guid "bd58f69f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$BodyMovementEvent. Each instance of #$VoluntaryBodyMovement is an event in which an animal intentionally moves one part of its body relative to another part of its body. Specializations of #$VoluntaryBodyMovement include #$Biting, #$PunchingSomeone, and #$MakingAGesture. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, :PurposefulPhysicalAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasBodypartMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :AnimalBodyPartType ] . :Volunteer :wnsense "unpaid worker1n", "volunteer2n" ; :wordnet "unpaid worker", "volunteer" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who voluntarily offers to work (perform a ) without being paid for the labor. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'volunteer' in WordNet: 2. (1) volunteer, unpaid worker - (a person who performs voluntary work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VolunteerWork ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :VolunteerWork :eng "volunteering" ; :wnsense "volunteer3v" ; :wordnet "volunteer" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VolunteerWork'' is 'UnpaidWork'' that is performed voluntarily, as an act . in WordNet: 3. (2) volunteer - (do volunteer work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :UnpaidWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Volunteered ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Volunteered :wnsense "unpaid2adj" ; :wordnet "unpaid" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """\"'Volunteered'' is an AttributeValue of Actions that may or may not be a ''WorkingEvent'', which the person doing the work voluntarily performed knowing that the work would not be compensated.. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'volunteer' in WordNet: 2. unpaid, volunteer - (without payment; 'the soup kitchen was run primarily by unpaid helpers'; 'a volunteer fire department') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unpaid . :Voluptuous :isTheOppositeOf :Ugly ; :perceivingCausesMentalEvent :Pleasure ; :wnsense "bosomy1adj", "busty1adj", "buxom1adj", "curvaceous1adj", "curvy2adj", "full-bosomed1adj", "juicy2adj", "luscious1adj", "red-hot1adj", "sonsie1adj", "sonsy1adj", "toothsome3adj", "voluptuous1adj", "voluptuous2adj", "well-endowed1adj" ; :wordnet "bosomy", "busty", "buxom", "curvaceous", "curvy", "full-bosomed", "juicy", "luscious", "red-hot", "sonsie", "sonsy", "toothsome", "voluptuous", "well-endowed" ; a :AttributeValueType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Voluptuous'' is a term typically used to describe a Woman who is 'Beautiful' and also has a shapely body with well-developed breasts and a slim waist. Includes adjective senses 1 and2 of 'voluptuous' in Wordnet: 1. (3) juicy, luscious, red-hot, toothsome, voluptuous - (having strong sexual appeal; \"juicy barmaids\"; \"a red-hot mama\"; \"a voluptuous woman\"; \"a toothsome blonde in a tight dress\") 2. bosomy, busty, buxom, curvaceous, curvy, full-bosomed, sonsie, sonsy, voluptuous, well-endowed - ((of a woman's body) having a large bosom and pleasing curves; \"Hollywood seems full of curvaceous blondes\"; \"a curvy young woman in a tight dress\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beautiful, :GoodLooking . :Vomit :guid "bd58904c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :OrganicSubstance ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Water ; :ldoce "vomit" ; :wnsense "barf1n", "puke2n", "vomit1n", "vomitus1n" ; :wordnet "barf", "puke", "vomit", "vomitus" ; a :FluidType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the substance. A specific quantity of Vomit would be an Object. Not yet represented. Cyc: Vomit - partially digested food emitted from the stomach out the mouth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vomit' in WordNet: 1. vomit, vomitus, puke, barf - (the matter ejected in vomiting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyFluid . :Vomiting :en "barfing", "vomiting" ; :guid "bd588b83-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barf1v", "emesis1n", "puke1v", "puking1n", "purge6v", "regurgitate4v", "regurgitation3n", "retch1v", "throw up1v", "upchuck1v", "vomit up1v", "vomit1v", "vomiting1n" ; :wordnet "barf", "emesis", "puke", "puking", "purge", "regurgitate", "regurgitation", "retch", "throw up", "upchuck", "vomit", "vomit up", "vomiting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The action where the stomach convulses to expel the contents inside. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'vomit' in Wordnet: 1. (1) vomit, vomit up, purge, cast, sick, cat, be sick, disgorge, regorge, retch, puke, barf, spew, spue, chuck, upchuck, honk, regurgitate, throw up - (eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth; 'After drinking too much, the students vomited'; 'He purged continuously'; 'The patient regurgitated the food we gave him last night') WN noun 'vomiting': 1. (1) vomit, vomiting, emesis, regurgitation, disgorgement, puking - (the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingStuff, :InvoluntaryBodyMovement, :UnpleasantBodyEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vomit ; owl:onProperty :hadEmittedThing ] . :Vomiting-AilmentCondition :en "vomiting condition" ; :guid "f17c4592-5246-11d6-8a2e-006008402c49" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of instances of #$AilmentCondition in which one suffers from one or more instances of #$Vomiting. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AilmentCondition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vomiting ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Voracious :wnsense "edacious1adj", "esurient3adj", "rapacious3adj", "ravening3adj", "ravenous2adj", "voracious2adj", "wolfish2adj" ; :wordnet "edacious", "esurient", "rapacious", "ravening", "ravenous", "voracious", "wolfish" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'voracious' in Wordnet: 2. edacious, esurient, rapacious, ravening, ravenous, voracious, wolfish - (devouring or craving food in great quantities; 'edacious vultures'; 'a rapacious appetite'; 'ravenous as wolves'; 'voracious sharks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Voter :wnsense "elector1n", "voter1n" ; :wordnet "elector", "voter" ; a :AgentType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Voter'' is anyone who 'votes' (casts a vote or a ballot) or is eligible to vote in any kind of election or voting in a meeting of an organization. This is general. When necessary; a subtype 'RegisteredVoter' or some equivalent can be created to represent elections for offices in a ''GeopoliticalEntity''. ToDo: represent 'registration' to vote? This is broader than noun sense 1 of 'voter' in WordNet, including anyone who votes even in elections not regulated by a state law: in WordNet: 1. (7) voter, elector - (a citizen who has a legal right to vote) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voting ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectoralDistrict ; owl:onProperty :residesIn ] . :Voting :en "cast a vote", "casting a vote", "voting" ; :guid "c10ae74e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "vote" ; :wnsense "ballot1v", "vote1v", "vote2v" ; :wordnet "ballot", "vote" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type represents a single action of one person in making a choice that counts as part of a collective decision (see 'Election'). Linguistically, the outcome may also be called a 'vote': ('the vote was in favor of the proposal') but that sense is not included in this type. However, a phrase such as 'the votes were in favor by a 5% plurality', the word 'votes' in that phrase does represent multiple instances of this type. Cyc: A collection of #$SingleDoerActions. Each element of #$Voting is the casting of a vote by a single #$IntelligentAgent. Instances of #$Voting are typically carried out by marking a physical or electronic ballot (secret or otherwise) or by verbally stating a preference in a voice vote. Note that #$Voting refers to an individual act of voting, not to the larger-scale 'vote' on an issue by all participating members of an #$Organization. SUMO: Voting is the activity of voting in an Election. Voting is typically done by individuals, while Elections are conducted by Organizations. The voting process by an individual voter is part of an Election process. This type represents both transitive and intransitive senses (1 and 2) of verb 'vote' in WordNet, and noun sense 1; it includes individual votes and the general sense 'the voting started at 8 AM'. WN verb 'vote' in WordNet: 1. (30) vote - (express one's preference for a candidate or for a measure or resolution; cast a vote; 'He voted for the motion'; 'None of the Democrats voted last night') 2. (10) vote - (express one's choice or preference by vote; 'vote the Democratic ticket') WN verb 'ballot': 1. ballot - (vote by ballot; 'The voters were balloting in this state') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deciding, :Politics, :SelectingAmong, :SingleDoerAction . :VotingAgainstSomething :wnsense "blackball2v", "negative1v", "veto1v" ; :wordnet "blackball", "negative", "veto" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VotingAgainstSomething'' is a subtype of ''Voting'' in which some individual or Group votes against (votes 'no'). This can be for a policy decision, as in legislating, or for/against some Person, as in an election or admission to a group or a recall petition. 'blackball' is broken out into the subtype ''BlackballingaCandidate''. Corresponds to verb 'negative' in WordNet: 1. veto, blackball, negative - (vote against; refuse to endorse; refuse to assent; 'The President vetoed the bill') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VotingForOrAgainst . :VotingBloc :en "bloc", "voting bloc" ; :enn "bloc", "voting bloc" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VotingBloc'' is an ''InterestGroup'' composed of people who vote in similar ways on some issue. No sense in WN for this concept. RHW 'bloc': 1. a group of persons, businesses, etc., united for a particular purpose. 2. a group of legislators, usually of both major political parties, who vote together for some particular interest: the farm bloc. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InterestGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Voter ; owl:onProperty :hasMember ] . :VotingByPatCassidy :hasDirectObject :WilliamJeffersonClinton ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :ElectionOfaUSPresident ; :hasResult :ElectonOfBillClinton ; :hasTopic :ElectionOfaUSPresident ; :wasPerformedByAgent :PatrickCassidy ; a :Voting ; rdfs:comment """'hasResult' restriction needs rethinking - such detail not required. """ . :VotingForOrAgainst :en "cast a vote", "casting a vote", "voting" ; :ldoce "vote" ; :wnsense "ballot2n", "balloting1n", "vote1n", "voting1n" ; :wordnet "ballot", "balloting", "vote", "voting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VotingForOrAgainst'' is a subtype of ''Voting'' in which some proposal is presented to voters who have two choices, 'for' or 'against' (in effect yes or no). This can be for a policy decision, as in legislating, or for/against some Person, as in a a recall petition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voting' in WordNet: 1. (9) vote, ballot, voting, balloting - (a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative; \"there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voting, :YesNoDecision . :VotiveCandle :en "votive candle" ; :enn "votive candle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''VotiveCandle'' is a ''SmallCandle'' that is designed to burn for multiple hours, usually having a width greater than 3 cm and a length less than 12 cm. Wikipedia: A votive candle or prayer candle is a small, typically white or beeswax yellow, candle, originally intended to be burnt as a votive offering in a religious ceremony. It also refers to a standard size of candle 2 inches high by 1.5 inches diameter, of any color or scent. A votive candle or prayer candle is a small candle, typically white or beeswax yellow, intended to be burnt as a votive offering in an act of Christian prayer, especially within the Anglican and Roman Catholic Christian denominations, among others. In Christianity, votive candles are commonplace in many churches, as well as home altars, and symbolize the \"prayers the worshipper is offering for him or herself, or for other people.\" The size of a votive candle is often two inches tall by one and a half inches diameter, although other votive candles can be significantly taller and wider. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmallCandle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scented ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "4"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ReligiousEvent ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Vow :wnsense "vow1n" ; :wordnet "vow" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Vow' is a ''Pledge'' produced by ''Vowing'', more solemn than a ''Pledge''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vow' in WordNet: 1. vow - (a solemn pledge (to oneself or to another or to a deity) to do something or to behave in a certain manner; 'they took vows of poverty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Message, :Pledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vowing ; owl:onProperty :wasTransferredInEvent ] . :Vowel :guid "bdfb381c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "vowel" ; :wnsense "vowel1n" ; :wordnet "vowel" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Collection of #$Vowels. Vowel are those sounds produced when nothing in the vocal tract is obstructing the airflow. Example: The English letter a represents a vowel. COSMO note: SUMO-CYC difference in term usage. NOTE: this is the phoneme. The class of alphabetical characters that are vowels is represented by the Type 'VowelCharacter'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vowel' in WordNet: 1. (3) vowel, vowel sound - (a speech sound made with the vocal tract open) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phoneme . :VowelCharacter :ldoce "vowel" ; :wnsense "vowel2n" ; :wordnet "vowel" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ SUMO: An AlphabeticCharacter that denotes a speech sound that does not result in audible friction when it is pronounced. NOTE: in SUMO called just 'Vowel'. That term is used in COSMO for the phoneme. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vowel' in WordNet: 2. vowel - (a letter of the alphabet standing for a spoken vowel) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlphabeticalCharacter . :Vowing :wnsense "vow1v" ; :wordnet "vow" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'vow' in WordNet: 1. (4) vow - (make a vow; promise; 'He vowed never to drink alcohol again') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pledging, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vow ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :VoyageLog :wnsense "log5n" ; :wordnet "log" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'log' in WordNet: 5. log - (a written record of events on a voyage (of a ship or plane)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenLog, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LogBook ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongJourney ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Voyeur :guid "c076d705-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Peeping Tom1n", "peeper1n", "voyeur1n" ; :wordnet "Peeping Tom", "peeper", "voyeur" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Someone who enjoys #$Voyeurism; i.e. watching #$SexualBehavior, especially secretively. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voyeur' in WordNet: 1. voyeur, Peeping Tom, peeper - (a viewer who enjoys seeing the sex acts or sex organs of others) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Onlooker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Voyeurism ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Voyeurism :wnsense "voyeurism1n" ; :wordnet "voyeurism" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'voyeurism' in WordNet: 1. voyeurism - (a perversion in which a person receives sexual gratification from seeing the genitalia of others or witnessing others' sexual behavior) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Looking, :Paraphilia, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surreptitious ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surreptitiously ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SexualBehavior ; owl:onProperty :isaPerceptionOf ] . :Vroom :wnsense "vroom1n" ; :wordnet "vroom" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vroom' in WordNet: 1. vroom - (the roaring sound made by a motor that is running at high speed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalCombustionEngine ; owl:onProperty :isEmittedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vrooming ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :Vrooming :wnsense "vroom1v" ; :wordnet "vroom" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'vroom' in WordNet: 1. vroom - (make a loud, roaring sound, as of a car engine, while moving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EmittingSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InternalCombustionEngine ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vroom ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Vulgar :isTheOppositeOf :Refined ; :wnsense "coarse2adj", "uncouth1adj", "vulgar1adj" ; :wordnet "coarse", "uncouth", "vulgar" ; a :PersonalityType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Vulgar'' is the BehaviorAttribute of a person whose behavior can offend people thoughtlessly or intentionally. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'vulgar' in WordNet: 1. (2) coarse, common, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar - (lacking refinement or cultivation or taste; 'he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind'; 'behavior that branded him as common'; 'an untutored and uncouth human being'; 'an uncouth soldier-a real tough guy'; 'appealing to the vulgar taste for violence'; 'the vulgar display of the newly rich') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Offensive . :VulgarSpeech :en "cursing", "swearing", "vulgarity" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''VulgarSpeech'' is ''InelegantSpeech'' created by ''Cursing'' (Uttering curse). Various things considered impolite (very incomplete list): Speech Attribute Quality InelegantSpeech Profanity - Profane - Profaneness VulgarSpeech - Vulgar - Vulgarity Obscenity - Obscene - Obsceneness Sacrilege - Sacriligeous - Sacrilegeousness Blaspheming - Blasphemous - Blasphemy Here we represent part of RHW: sense 2 of 'vulgarity' (the exression) 2. something vulgar, as an act or expression. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InelegantSpeech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vulgar ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Vulnerability :wnsense "vulnerability1n", "vulnerability2n" ; :wordnet "vulnerability" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The WN sense 1 of ''Vulnerability'' does seem to be different from sense 2 but these need more than a few additional types to fill in the differences. They are conflated here until discrimination is needed. Perhaps 'VulnerabilityToinjury' for sense 2?? @ToDo. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vulnerability' in WordNet: 1. (3) vulnerability, exposure - (the state of being vulnerable or exposed; 'his vulnerability to litigation'; 'his exposure to ridicule') 2. vulnerability - (susceptibility to injury or attack) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DangerousSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Protecting ; owl:onProperty :isTheAbsenceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vulnerable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Vulnerable :en "at risk", "at risk of", "vulnerable to" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :HarmingAnAgent ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo :HarmingAnAgent ; :isTheOppositeOf :Resistant, :Safe ; :wnsense "vulnerable1adj", "vulnerable3adj" ; :wordnet "vulnerable" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Vulnerable' is a subtype of ''Susceptible'' specifying that the thing modified *can* be the patient of some undesirable Event, such as a damaging action, including psychological damage. For an increased likelihood of experiencing undesirable Events, the subtype '''Liable'' should be used. This can also be expressed linguistically by 'at risk' 'vulnerable to' is about the same as 'at risk of'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'vulnerable' in WordNet: 1. (8) vulnerable - (susceptible to attack; 'a vulnerable bridge') 3. vulnerable - (capable of being wounded or hurt; 'vulnerable parts of the body\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Susceptible . :Vulture :guid "bd58c56b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vulture1n" ; :wordnet "vulture" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all vultures. SUMO: A diurnal bird of prey with a bald head that feeds on carrion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vulture' in WordNet: 1. (4) vulture - (any of various large diurnal birds of prey having naked heads and weak claws and feeding chiefly on carrion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BirdOfPrey, :Scavenger . :Vulva :guid "be001678-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "vulva1n" ; :wordnet "vulva" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all sets of external female sex organs. The #$Vulva includes the #$Clitoris along with the #$LabiaMinora and the #$LabiaMajora. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'vulva' in WordNet: 1. vulva - (external parts of the female genitalia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart-Female, :Appendage-AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalOrifice, :ExternalSexOrgan, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FemaleAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :WGS84 a :EarthsGeoid ; rdfs:comment """The current (2010) version of the World Geodetic System datum of 1984, representing the surface of the Earth at zero elevation - not quite a sphere, but slightly flattened and slightly pear-shaped. The standard geoid now in most common use is WGS84: (from Wikipedia) WGS 84 is the World Geodetic System of 1984. It is the reference frame used by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and is defined by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) (formerly the National Imagery and Mapping Agency) (formerly the Defense Mapping Agency). WGS 84 is used by DoD for all its mapping, charting, surveying, and navigation needs, including its GPS 'broadcast' and 'precise' orbits. WGS 84 was defined in January 1987 using Doppler satellite surveying techniques. It was used as the reference frame for broadcast GPS Ephemerides (orbits) beginning January 23, 1987. At 0000 GMT January 2, 1994, WGS 84 was upgraded in accuracy using GPS measurements. The formal name then became WGS 84 (G730), since the upgrade date coincided with the start of GPS Week 730. It became the reference frame for broadcast orbits on June 28, 1994. At 0000 GMT September 30, 1996 (the start of GPS Week 873), WGS 84 was redefined again and was more closely aligned with International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 94. It is now formally called WGS 84 (G873). WGS 84 (G873) was adopted as the reference frame for broadcast orbits on January 29, 1997. (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/faq.shtml#WGS84 ) The WGS84 datum, which is almost identical to the NAD83 datum used in North America, is the only world referencing system in place today. WGS84 is the default standard datum for coordinates stored in recreational and commercial GPS units.""" . :WGS84Pole :ldoce "pole" ; :wnsense "pole7n" ; :wordnet "pole" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WGS84Pole' is one of the two 'PlanetaryPoles' of the Earth, as mapped in the WGS84 datum. This may or may not coincide with the true EarthPole at any given time. Corresponds to sense 7 of 'pole' in WordNet, in WordNet: 7. pole - (one of two antipodal points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the Earth's surface) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EarthPole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WGS84 ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :WNorEN :query """Get all ID's labeled by en or wordnet: Replace LB with a left bracket PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?type WHERE { OPTIONAL { ?type cosmo:wordnet \"life\"^^LBhttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> } . OPTIONAL { ?type cosmo:en \"life\"^^LBhttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> } } """ ; a :SPARQL-Query . :WNtoCOSMO :query """ PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?x WHERE { ?x cosmo:ldoce \"store\"^^LBhttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> } OR: get all WN terms for entity PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?x ?w WHERE { ?x cosmo:ldoce \"store\"^^LBhttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>. ?x cosmo:ldoce ?w } """ ; a :SPARQL-Query . :WORD_ a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used to create instances of words. The words as lexical units might have a form identical to the label of an ontology element, and that would cause a terminology conflict. To prevent this, the unique (in COSMO) prefix 'WORD' is prefixed to the actual lexical string. A lexical 'word' may have an embedded space, and spaces are represented by an underscore. The underscore character is therefore represented by two underscores.""" . :WORD_All a :Word ; rdfs:comment "See also LogicalFunction 'All'." . :WORD_Bad :isTheOppositeOf :WORD_Good ; a :Adjective, :Antonym, :Word . :WORD_Good :isTheOppositeOf :WORD_Bad ; a :Adjective, :Antonym, :Word . :WORD_Halloo a :Word . :WORD_Hello a :Word . :WORD_No a :Word . :WORD_No_talking :hasComponentElement :WORD_No ; :wasCreatedBy :HarryAllard ; a :Phrase, :Specification . :WORD_Shoo a :Word . :WORD_Shush a :Word . :WORD_are a :Word . :WORD_created a :Word . :WORD_de a :OfWord . :WORD_equal a :Word . :WORD_evening a :Word . :WORD_ha a :Word . :WORD_hell :hasAlternative :Heck ; a :PreferredThing, :Word . :WORD_men a :Word . :WORD_morning a :Word . :WORD_night a :Word . :WORD_of a :OfWord . :WORD_uh a :Word . :WORD_uh-huh a :Word . :WORD_von a :OfWord . :Waddle :eng "waddling" ; :wnsense "waddle1n" ; :wordnet "waddle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waddle' in WordNet: 1. waddle - (walking with short steps and the weight tilting from one foot to the other; 'ducks walk with a waddle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Walking . :Wading :wnsense "wade1v" ; :wordnet "wade" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wade' in WordNet: 1. (4) wade - (walk (through relatively shallow water); 'Can we wade across the river to the other side?'; 'Wade the pond') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShallowBodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :WadingBird :wnsense "wader1n", "wading bird1n" ; :wordnet "wader", "wading bird" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wading bird' in WordNet: 1. wading bird, wader - (any of many long-legged birds that wade in water in search of food) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AquaticBird . :Wafer :wnsense "wafer2n", "wafer3n" ; :wordnet "wafer" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Thin'' ''SliceOfSomething''. a slice that is 'wafer-thin'. NOTE: not necessarily produced by ''SlicingSomething'', though it may be (as with Silicon 'wafers' in electronics. Includes but is broader than noun senses 2 and 3 of 'wafer' in Wordnet: 2. wafer - (a small thin crisp cake or cookie) 3. wafer - (thin disk of unleavened bread used in a religious service (especially in the celebration of the Eucharist)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SliceOfSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wage :en "personal income" ; :enn "personal income" ; :isaPartOf :Income ; :ldoce "pay", "wages" ; :wnsense "earnings2n", "pay1n", "remuneration1n", "salary1n", "wage1n" ; :wordnet "earnings", "pay", "remuneration", "salary", "wage" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Wage' is a 'PaymentAmount' received regularly for each specified interval of time, in return for some service as an employee. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wage', sense 1 of 'pay' and sense 1 of 'salary' in WordNet ('wages' does not appear in this sense in WordNet: 1. (70) wage, pay, earnings, remuneration, salary - (something that remunerates; 'wages were paid by check'; 'he wasted his pay on drink'; 'they saved a quarter of all their earnings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PeriodicPayment, :Remuneration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Employee ; owl:onProperty :hadBeneficiary ] . :WageIncrease :wnsense "hike3n", "raise1n", "rise5n", "salary increase1n", "wage hike1n", "wage increase1n" ; :wordnet "hike", "raise", "rise", "salary increase", "wage hike", "wage increase" ; a :DifferenceType, :IncreaseType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WageIncrease'' is the ''Increase'' (a ''Difference'') in the ''Wage'' of some worker before and after an ''IncreasingaWage'' Event. This is approximately the apparent meaning of 'wage increase' in WOrdnet,though the terms here are also used to refer to the Event ''IncreasingaWage'') in which a Wage was increased. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wage hike' in WordNet: 1. raise, rise, wage hike, hike, wage increase, salary increase - (the amount a salary is increased; 'he got a 3% raise'; 'he got a wage hike') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Increase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wage ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectChanged ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :IncreasingaWage ] . :WageList :en "wage list" ; :enn "wage list" ; :wnsense "payroll1n" ; :wordnet "payroll" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''WageList'' is a ''Table'' describing the ''Wage'' for each of some ''List'' of People. This type of ''Table'' is represented as a List of Lists, and each element of a ''WageList'' is one ''PersonWageEntry'', representing one ''Employee'' and that Person's ''Wage'' for that payroll period. NOTE: This representation of ''WageList'' does not include ancillary information such as a 'SocialSecurityNumber''.TO include that, a different though similar type can be created. This is the abstract form of a ''Payroll'', which is the physical record. NOTE: WN is ambiguous about whether a 'payroll' is a physical 'book' or the more abstract Lst that can be represented in sucha book. The WN 'payroll' is represented by both this abstract ''WageList'' and its physical representation ''Payroll'. . Corresponds to the abstract noun sense 1 of 'payroll' in WordNet: 1. (1) payroll, paysheet - (a list of employees and their salaries; 'the company had a long payroll') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Table, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasListElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :PersonWageEntry ] . :Wagging :wnsense "wag1v", "waggle1v" ; :wordnet "wag", "waggle" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Wagging' is a 'ShakingMotion' performed by an ''Animal'' in which some body part (tail, finger) is intentionally moved back and forth. The motion is not solely rectiliner, but should be close to an oscillation from a point, as is the 'wagging' of a dog's tail. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wag' in WordNet: 1. (3) wag, waggle - (move from side to side; 'The happy dog wagged his tail') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, :ShakingMotion, :Swinging . :Wagon :guid "c0fd662e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wagon1n" ; :wordnet "wagon" ; a :OpenSidedSupportingObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Wagon is a specialization of #$TransportationContainerProduct, #$WheeledTransportationDevice, and #$MusclePoweredDevice. Each instance of #$Wagon is a relatively small non-motorized wheeled device (usually with two or more wheels) used for moving goods. Instances of #$Wagon are usually human-powered or animal-powered. SUMO: A Landcraft that is not self-propelled, but must be pulled by either an Animal or a self-propelled Vehicle to move along the ground. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wagon' in Wordnet: 1. (24) wagon, waggon - (any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by a horse or tractor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MusclePoweredDevice, :TransportationContainerProduct, :WheeledTransportationDevice . :Wailing :wnsense "bawling1n", "wailing1n" ; :wordnet "bawling", "wailing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sound made by a Person ''Bawling''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wailing' in WordNet: 1. (1) wailing, bawling - (loud cries made while weeping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Loud ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bawling ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Waist :guid "bd58db65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAdjacentTo :Chest-BodyPart, :Hip ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Trunk-BodyCore ; :ldoce "waist" ; :wnsense "waist1n" ; :wordnet "waist" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Waist is the middle part of an animal's 'Trunk-BodyCore' ('Torso' for people), just above the Hips. This is not restricted to people. CYC: The middle of a torso. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waist' in WordNet: 1. (4) waist, waistline - (the narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Trunk-BodyCore ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :Waiter :guid "bd58dae4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "waiter1n" ; :wordnet "waiter" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A male or female person who serves food at some form of 'Dining' Event. This is not necessarily an occupation, nor is it necessarily done for pay; it could be done, for example, by a volunteer at a church social function. A 'Waiter' must serve food or drink (therefore this includes the somelier), but can also do other functions. This does not have to be a habitual action for the Waiter - it can be done once in a lifetime, as a volunteer - as a Role, the person will only be a Waiter while s/he is performing the duties of a Waiter, or is employed as a Waiter, or practices the profession of Waiter, even though temporarily unemployed. NOTE that the Action performed ''WaitingOnTables'' is represented here as a paid job (an ''Occupation''). Some ''Occupation' jobs can be performed by unpaid people - this is one of them. In Cyc called 'WaitPerson', and in CYC this is an occupation.: A #$Person who serves as a waiter or waitress. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waiter' in Wordnet: 1. (4) waiter, server - (a person whose occupation is to serve at table (as in a restaurant)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaitingOnTables ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Waiting :guid "c1008a2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wait" ; :wnsense "wait1v", "wait2n", "waiting1n" ; :wordnet "wait", "waiting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$ConsciousActivity. Each instance of #$Waiting is an event in which an agent remains in a state of expectation, anticipating the occurence of some future event. This differs form the parent 'Refraining' in that this Action anticipates some future Event that wojld cause the Waiting to cease, whereas the more general 'Refraining' may be a decision to refrain indefinitely, regardless of the future. COSMO note: in COSMO Waiting is always in anticipation of some FutureEvent (a 'FutureSituation'), whether it is or is not actually expected to happen. The restriction including 'Anticipation-Feeling' expresses this notion, and the Event anticipated is the same Event expressed by the 'refersToFutureSituation' restriction. The Event that is waited for must be stipulated as the value of 'refersToFutureSituation'. @ToDo: It is unclear whether it is possible to specify any generic type of 'activity' to which 'Waiting' is an alternative - the most general Action includes 'Waiting'! Think about this. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 and noun sense 2 of 'wait' in WordNet: 1. (100) wait - (stay in one place and anticipate or expect something; 'I had to wait on line for an hour to get the tickets') WN noun 'wait': 2. (2) wait, waiting - (the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something); 'the wait was an ordeal for him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsciousActivity, :NonEvent, :PurposefulAction, :Refraining, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anticipation-Feeling ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :WaitingOnTables :en "waiting" ; :ldoce "wait" ; :wnsense "wait4v", "waitress1v" ; :wordnet "wait", "waitress" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WaitingOnTables' is an Action in which one Agent (usually a Person) brings food to some Person during a 'Dining' Event. This type is done for pay, at a restaurant or any other location (including outdoor) where food can be eaten by people. This is considered an ''Occupation'' althgh it can be quite temporary and usually is not a lifetime ''Occpation''. For unpaid ''WaitingOnTables'' use the parent ''ServingFoodOrDrink''. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'wait' in WordNet: 4. (2) wait, waitress - (serve as a waiter or waitress in a restaurant; 'I'm waiting on tables at Maxim's') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occupation, :ServingFoodOrDrink, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dining ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RestaurantSpace ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :Waiver :wnsense "discharge8n", "release11n", "waiver1n" ; :wordnet "discharge", "release", "waiver" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Waiver''' is a ''Document-Physical'' that represents the conceptual contents of a 'ForgoingSomething'' specifying some Action that a Person has the Right and possibility to do, but chooses to not exercise that right. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waiver' in WordNet: 1. release, waiver, discharge - (a formal written statement of relinquishment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Document-Physical, :PhysicalEvidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForgoingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForgoingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ForgoingSomething ; owl:onProperty :showsEvidenceOf ] . :WakeForaCorpse :ldoce "wake" ; :wnsense "wake4n" ; :wordnet "wake" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any social gathering that takes place in the presence of a recently dead corpse, prior to burial. This is not necessariy a religious ritual. Corresponds to noun sense 12 of 'wake' in RHW: 13. a watch or vigil by the body of a dead person before burial, sometimes accompanied by feasting or merrymaking. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'wake' in WordNet: 4. wake, viewing - (a vigil held over a corpse the night before burial; 'there's no weeping at an Irish wake') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialRitual . :WakeOfaBoat :ldoce "wake" ; :wnsense "wake3n" ; :wordnet "wake" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :WaveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Wave caused by a moving Boat - it can be small or large. NOTE that in COSMO a wave in water is an Object, not an Event or Process - this representation may not suit all purposes; because it is moving, it is a DynamicObject. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'wake' in WordNet: 3. wake, backwash - (the wave that spreads behind a boat as it moves forward; 'the motorboat's wake capsized the canoe') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WaterWave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BoatMovingInWaterEvent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :WakeUpTime :en "wake up time" ; :enn "wake up time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''WakeUpTime'' is the ''TimeOfDay'' at which some person (or Group of persons) intend to wake up after sleeping or usually wake up. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TimeOfDay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WakingUpFromSleep ; owl:onProperty :commonlyHasEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Morning ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType ] . :Wakeboard :wnsense "wake board1n", "wakeboard1n" ; :wordnet "wake board", "wakeboard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wakeboard' in WordNet: 1. wake board, wakeboard - (a buoyant board (resembling a surfboard) that is used to ride over water while being pulled behind a motorboat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wakeboarding ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Floatable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wakeboarding :en "wakeboarding" ; :enn "wakeboarding" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''akeboarding'' is the Sport of riding a ''BodyOfWater'' on a ''Wakeboard'' that is being towed by a boat. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :MovingOnTheWaterSurface, :WaterSportActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wakeboard ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Towing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :WakingUp :ldoce "wake" ; :wnsense "awaken2v", "wake up2v", "wake2v", "waken2v" ; :wordnet "awaken", "wake", "wake up", "waken" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WakingUp' is an Action in which some Animal goes from a state of 'SleepingEvent' or 'Unconsciousness' to a state of BeingAwake NOTE that we use the causal relation 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation' rather than 'isTheStartingPartOf' to relate WakingUp and BeingAwake, because in COSMO as soon as the BeingAwake Event starts, the animal is no longer performing the 'WakingUp' Action. Includes but is broader than WordNet verb sense 2 of 'wake', being that it includes waking from Unconsciousness, and includes sense 2 of 'waken' and sense 2 of 'awaken' and sense 2 of 'wake up' in WordNet: 2. (3) wake up, awake, arouse, awaken, wake, come alive, waken - (stop sleeping; 'She woke up to the sound of the alarm clock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :BecomingEvent, :CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingAwake ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :UnconsciousnessOrSleeping ; owl:onProperty :hasPrecondition ] . :WakingUpAnAnimal :en "wake-up" ; :enn "wake-up" ; :ldoce "wake" ; :wnsense "arouse5v", "awaken1v", "rouse4v", "wake up1v", "wake5v", "waken1v" ; :wordnet "arouse", "awaken", "rouse", "wake", "wake up", "waken" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WakingUpAnAnimal' is an Event that causes some Animal to go from a state of 'SleepingEvent' to a state of BeingAwake. A 'WakingUpAnAnimal' Event may be a deliberate action on the part of another Animal (such as one Person waking up another), but can also be an Event such as a noise (an alarm clock), an Earthquake, some internal physiological Event, or anything else that can cause an Animal to wake up. This includes the sense of 'wake-up' in RHW: 2. an act or instance of being awakened: I asked the hotel desk for a wake-up at 6. NOTE that we use the causal relation 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation' rather than 'isTheStartingPartOf' to relate WakingUp and BeingAwake, because in COSMO as soon as the BeingAwake Event starts, the animal is no longer performing the 'WakingUp' Action. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'wake', verb sense 1 of 'waken', sense 1 of 'awaken', sense 1 of 'wake up', sense 4 of 'rouse' and sense 5 of 'arouse' in WordNet: 5. awaken, wake, waken, rouse, wake up, arouse - (cause to become awake or conscious; 'He was roused by the drunken men in the street'; 'Please wake me at 6 AM.') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WakingUpFromSleep ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasPrecondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ] . :WakingUpFromSleep :en "waking" ; :eng "waking" ; :ldoce "wake" ; :wnsense "awaken2v", "wake up2v", "wake2v", "waken2v" ; :wordnet "awaken", "wake", "wake up", "waken" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WakingUpFromSleep' is a intransitive subtype of 'WakingUp' in which some Animal (the *subject'performer/agent of the Action) goes from a state of 'SleepingEvent' to a state of ''BeingAwake''. This is the usual meaning of 'Waking Up' but it differs from the COSMO type 'WakingUp' in that the prior condition is to be sleeping normally, and not to be Unconscious. Corresponds to verb sense verb sense 2 of 'wake', sense 2 of 'waken' and sense 2 of 'awaken' and sense 2 of 'wake up' in WordNet: 2. (3) wake up, awake, arouse, awaken, wake, come alive, waken - (stop sleeping; 'She woke up to the sound of the alarm clock') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WakingUp, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasPrecondition ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SleepingEvent ; owl:onProperty :causedTheStoppingOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingAwake ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :Walker :wnsense "walker5n" ; :wordnet "walker" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Walker'' is for a light portable Device that a Person can use to lean on so as assist in ''Walking'', that has for legs and may have wheels on the bottom. This type is a frame, but does not necessarily have weels. A subtype can be created for wheeled versions. The 'Zimmer' is not word in most dictionaries Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'walker' in WordNet: 5. walker, Zimmer, Zimmer frame - (a light enclosing framework (trade name Zimmer) with rubber castors or wheels and handles; helps invalids or the handicapped or the aged to walk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Framework, :MobilityAid, :PortableObject, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pedestrian ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Walking :guid "bfa75634-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isSlowerThan :Running ; :ldoce "walk" ; :wnsense "foot2v", "hoof it1v", "leg it1v", "walk1n", "walk1v", "walking1n" ; :wordnet "foot", "hoof it", "leg it", "walk", "walking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Ambulation that is not running, performed by any animal. At every time point at least one leg must be in contact with the ground. One can 'walk' on any planet with sufficient gravity, including the Moon. Called 'Walking-Generic' in Cyc. Cyc: A specialization of #$Ambulation: the collection of all instances of #$LocomotionProcess in which the locomotor (usually but not necessarily an animal) always has at least one foot in contact with the surface. #$Walking-Generic is therefore disjoint with #$Running. Notable specializations of this collection include #$AnimalWalkingProcess, #$WalkingOnTwoLegs and #$WalkingOnFourLegs. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'walk' and noun sense 1 of 'walking' in WordNet: WN verb 'walk': 1. (1092) walk - (use one's feet to advance; advance by steps; 'Walk, don't run!'; 'We walked instead of driving'; 'She walks with a slight limp'; 'The patient cannot walk yet'; 'Walk over to the cabinet') WN noun 'walk': 1. (4) walk, walking - (the act of traveling by foot; 'walking is a healthy form of exercise') WN verb 'hoof it': 1. foot, leg it, hoof, hoof it - (walk; 'let's hoof it to the disco') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gait, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlanetarySurfaceObject ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pedestrian ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] ; owl:disjointWith :Running . :WalkingAnimal :typicallyHasPhysicalPart :Leg ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WalkingAnimal' is an Animal that uses legs as its primary means propulsion. This includes hopping animals such as grasshoppers and kangaroos - 'walking' here just means propelling by means of legs, which is termed 'Ambulation' in COSMO. Note that birds may hop while on the groundm and 'Hopping' is one form of 'Ambulation', but for flying birds this is not the primary means of propulsion. For flightless birds, Walking is the primary means of propulsion. So this is a broad category including many arthropods and some birds, as well as most mammals. NOTE that the capability is for a protypical animal of this category, and some individuals may not have the ability to walk, even though the prototype of the species can.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ambulation ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :WalkingAway :wnsense "walk away1v", "walk off2v" ; :wordnet "walk away", "walk off" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WalkingAway'' is a ''LeavingaPlace'' on foot - of any Mammal. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walk away' in WordNet: 1. walk off, walk away - (go away from; 'The actor walked off before he got his cue'; 'I got annoyed and just walked off') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LeavingaPlace, :Walking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mammal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :WalkingForExercise :isSlowerThan :Running ; :ldoce "walk" ; :wnsense "take the air1v", "walk4n", "walk6v", "walking1n" ; :wordnet "take the air", "walk", "walking" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WalkingForExercise'' is a ''Walking'' that is performed *mainly* as a form of ''ExercisingEvent'', but may be in part a ''RecreationalActivity''; it may also or be considered also as a ''Travelling''when a person decides to walk somewhere when they would normally ride to that location; but it can also be performed indoors, for example on a ''Treadmill''. Does not include jogging or running. If more than a mile and not for exercise or recreation, use ''Tramping'' For longer walks performed as a ''RecreationalActivity'' use ''Hiking''. Includes but is broader than noun sense 4 of 'walk' in WordNet (by including a 'walk around the block' - i.e. going nowhere or in a closed circuit) and is also narrower in excluding a walking to a destination that is *not* performed for exercise; also includes part of verb sense 6 of 'walk', when the 'recreation' element is imxed with an intention to 'exercise' in WordNet: 4. (2) walk - (the act of walking somewhere; \"he took a walk after lunch\") WN verb 'walk': 6. (9) walk, take the air - (take a walk; go for a walk; walk for pleasure; 'The lovers held hands while walking'; 'We like to walk every Sunday') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExercisingEvent, :HumanWalkingProcess ; owl:disjointWith :Running . :WalkingImpairment :wnsense "disability of walking1n" ; :wordnet "disability of walking" ; a :AilmentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WalkingImpairment'' is any ''Disability'' that makes it difficult or impossible for a Person to walk normally. This can be minor, as a small limp, in degrees up to total loss of both legs or quadriplegia. People with the minor types of ''WalkingImpairment'' may be able to walk with a limp, or an abnormal gait such as a 'Trendellenberg Gait' ('walking like a penguin or a duck', with a waddle). Those with more serious impairment will need some 'MobilityAid'' to ambulate without the help of other people, or may need such equipment and the help of others as well. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'disability of walking' in WordNet: 1. disability of walking - (a disability that interferes with or prevents walking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :hinders ] . :WalkingInTheRain a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WalkingInTheRain'' is a ''WalkingOutdoors'' that occurs while it is raining in the locality of the walking. This can include hurried walking, and even a little running to get out of the rain. It may include wearing or carrying ''RainGear'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WalkingOutdoors, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unhurried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WalkingOnSnow a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WalkingOnSnow'' is a specialized type to help descibe the unique type of walking people do while wearing 'SnowShoe''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Walking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PileOfSnow ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ] ; owl:disjointWith :Running . :WalkingOnTwoLegs :en "bipedal walking", "walking on two legs" ; :guid "bd58b482-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Walking done by animals who routinely use two legs. Animals with 'bipedalism': 1. bipedalism - (the bodily attribute of being bipedal; having two feet; 'bipedalism made the human form of birth possible') CYC: The collection of events in which an animal or similarly-shaped agent walks on two legs.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Walking . :WalkingOutdoors :en "walking outdoors" ; :enn "walking outdoors" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''WalkingOutdoors'' is a ''HumanWalkingProcess'' (walking by people) performed Outdoors. This can include hurried walking, and even a little running to get out of the rain. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanWalkingProcess, :OutdoorActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unhurried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WalkingStick :wnsense "walking stick1n" ; :wordnet "walking stick" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Stick'' that is used as a support for walking. It should longer than an arm and not much longer than the person using it - of any age. This is not necessarily a manufactured artifact, it could be a natural stick pressed into service for the purpose of support. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walking stick' in Wordnet: 1. (1) walking stick - (a stick carried in the hand for support in walking) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stick, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walking ; owl:onProperty :allowsOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "250"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "90"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Wall :guid "bd58f8d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wall" ; :wnsense "wall1n" ; :wordnet "wall" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is an interior *vertical* wall of a structure, including both the inside-facing and the outside-facing parts of the vertical structure. For other types of walls, use 'Wall-GenericBarrier'. This is the 'wall' one sees when one is inside a room. In CYC called 'WallOfAConstruction': CYC: #$WallOfAConstruction is a specialization of #$PartOfAnHSC and #$Wall-Vertical. Each instance of #$WallOfAConstruction is a part of a #$HumanShelterConstruction. This includes the walls on the outside of the building as well as those on the inside such as the wall separating two rooms in a house. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wall' in WordNet: 1. (657) wall - (an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure; 'the south wall had a small window'; 'the walls were covered with pictures') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :PartOfAnHSC, :PartOfRoomInAConstruction, :Wall-GenericBarrier, :WallOrPost, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :Room ] . :Wall-GenericBarrier :guid "bd58df6a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barrier1n", "wall3n", "wall6n" ; :wordnet "barrier", "wall" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This 'wall' is not necessarily an artifact. For sheet-like objects that serve as barriers to anything (biological membranes, 'LampShade's) see 'SheetlikeBarrier'; those are not necessarily top-and-bottom sided objects. CYC: The collection of all walls, those of construction artifacts as well as of other artifacts, e.g., container products, and of non-artifacts such as caves and cliffs. A ''Wall-GenericBarrier'' differs from other kinds of ''Barrier'' in that it is mostly closed, unlike most fences. Any such barrier restricts movement through the region in which the barrier exists. This is expressed by the 'hinders' relation. The thing that one is hindered from 'passing by' it the 'Wall-GenericBarrier' itself. This should be expressed by an @FOL axiom. The metaphorial 'wall' of WN sense 3 is a 'BlockingSituation'. Things that are not generally called 'wall' are included here, including geological structures or other objects (or even situations) resembling a structural wall. The closest WordNet synsets are 'barrier' sense 1 and 'wall' senses 3 (only ythe physical obejcts suggesting a wall) and 6: Note that the metaphorical 'barrier' is 'BlockingSituation': in WordNet: 1. (4) barrier - (a structure or object that impedes free movement) WN 'wall' 3. (64) wall - (anything that suggests a wall in structure or function or effect; 'a wall of water'; 'a wall of smoke'; 'a wall of prejudice'; 'negotiations ran into a brick wall') 6. (17) wall - (a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarrierObject, :PartitionStructure, :PhysicalObject, :TopAndBottomSidedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hinders ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PassingThroughOrBySomething :Action :ActionType :ProcessType ) ] ] . :WallBoard :wnsense "drywall1n", "wallboard1n" ; :wordnet "drywall", "wallboard" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wallboard' in WordNet: 1. wallboard, drywall - (a wide flat board used to cover walls or partitions; made from plaster or wood pulp or other materials and used primarily to form the interior walls of houses) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Board, :ConstructionObject, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :FreeSheet, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wide ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "9"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet ] . :WallBracket :en "wall bracket" ; :wnsense "bracket4n" ; :wordnet "bracket" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WallBracket'' is an L-shaped usually metal ''SupportingObject'' that can be fastened to a vertical wall and support an object (oten a shelf0 above it - typically fasted to the wall and object above by screws. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'bracket' in WordNet: 4. bracket - (an L-shaped support projecting from a wall (as to hold a shelf)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rigid ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :L-shaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :WallCoping :wnsense "cope1n", "coping1n", "header3n" ; :wordnet "cope", "coping", "header" ; a :CoveringType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WallCoping''is the top brick layer of a brick 'wall' that is not a supporting part of a structure. This onsists of mutiple individual ''Brick''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'coping' in WordNet: 1. (1) header, coping, cope - (brick that is laid sideways at the top of a wall) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :Layer, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlockWall ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlockWall ; owl:onProperty :isOnTopOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Block ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasOrientation ] . :WallHanging :wnsense "hanging1n", "wall hanging1n" ; :wordnet "hanging", "wall hanging" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WallHanging'' is an ''InteriorDecoration'' consisting of a sheet of some fabric material that is hung flat against a wall. Large ''WallHanging''s with images woven into them are represented by the subtype ''Tapestry''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wall hanging' in WordNet: 1. hanging, wall hanging - (decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window; 'the cold castle walls were covered with hangings') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FabricObject, :InteriorDecoration, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wall ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ] . :WallOrPost a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Synonym . :WallOutlet :en "wall outlet" ; :wnsense "electric outlet1n", "electrical outlet1n", "outlet2n", "wall plug1n", "wall socket1n" ; :wordnet "electric outlet", "electrical outlet", "outlet", "wall plug", "wall socket" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WallOutlet'' is an ''ElectricalOutlet'' located in a wall, providing a ''Receptacle'' that can receive the plug on the end of the power cord of an electrical device, providing a voltage that provides crent to power the device. Corresponds to the subtype of WN ''electrical outlet'' that is located in a wall: WN noun sense 2of 'outlet': in WordNet: 2. (1) wall socket, wall plug, electric outlet, electrical outlet, outlet, electric receptacle -(receptacle providing a place in a wiring system where current can be taken to run electrical devices) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalOutlet, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wall ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :WallPaper :guid "bd59087b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; :wnsense "wallpaper1n" ; :wordnet "wallpaper" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WallPaper'' is a ''SheetlikeSubstance'' consisting mostly of some organic materials, either fibers like in ''Paper'' or a synthetic Plastic. It is designed for covering wals, but is also used to cover other flat surfaces such as shelves. CYC: The generic material called wallPaper Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wallpaper' in WordNet (WN does not make the clear distinction between substance and object: this is a substance): in WordNet: 1. (3) wallpaper - (a decorative paper for the walls of rooms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :FibrousSubstance, :OrganicSubstance, :SheetlikeSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fibrous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foldable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wall ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :WallPaperSheet :guid "bd59087b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wallpaper1n" ; :wordnet "wallpaper" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: This is a piece or pieces of Wallpaper, not a substance. This includes 'Wallpaper' which is not paper, for example fabric wall coverings and plastic-based wall coverings. This term might change, if it causes confusion. Although 'WallPaper' is designed to cover vertical walls,it may be used to cover other surfaces, such as a ceilnig. Cyc: The generic material called wallPaper. SUMO: Any decorative paper that is used to cover the Walls of Rooms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wallpaper' in WordNet: 1. (3) wallpaper - (a decorative paper for the walls of rooms) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtObject, :Covering-Object, :FoldableObject, :SheetArtifact, :StructuralOrnamentation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wall ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WallPaper ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Wallaby :guid "bd58c04b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "brush kangaroo1n", "wallaby1n" ; :wordnet "brush kangaroo", "wallaby" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wallaby' in WordNet: 1. wallaby, brush kangaroo - (any of various small or medium-sized kangaroos often brightly colored) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kangaroo . :Wallet :guid "bd5894bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wallet1n" ; :wordnet "wallet" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wallet' in Wordnet: 1. (2) wallet, billfold, notecase, pocketbook - (a pocket-size case for holding papers and paper money) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory, :HandSizedObject, :PersonalDevice, :PortableCarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MoneyObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCarry ] . :WallisAndFutunaIslands a :Country . :Walnut :wnsense "walnut1n" ; :wordnet "walnut" ; a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the whole walnut, including the shell. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walnut ' in Wordnet: 1. (1) walnut - (nut of any of various walnut trees having a wrinkled two-lobed seed with a hard shell) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallLikeObject, :MarbleSizedObject, :Nut-TheFruit, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WalnutTree ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WalnutShell ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfacePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WalnutTree ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ] . :WalnutKernel a :FruitType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the soft inner edible part of a ''Walnut'', excluding the shell. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleNut, :MarbleSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walnut ; owl:onProperty :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Edible ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "2"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ] . :WalnutShell :en "walnut shell" ; a :CoveringType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The outer shell of a ''WalNut''. Represented here beause it has a distinctive easily identifiable shape.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NutShell, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walnut ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Walnut ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ] . :WalnutTree :wnsense "walnut tree1n" ; :wordnet "walnut tree" ; a :TreeOrBushType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A tree producing ''Walnut''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walnut tree' in Wordnet: 1. (1) walnut, walnut tree - (any of various trees of the genus Juglans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NutTree . :Walrus :guid "bd58a0cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "walrus1n" ; :wordnet "walrus" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'walrus' in WordNet: 1. (1) walrus, seahorse, sea horse - (either of two large northern marine mammals having ivory tusks and tough hide over thick blubber) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeaMammal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tusk ; owl:maxCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :WaltzMusic :wnsense "waltz1n" ; :wordnet "waltz" ; a :MusicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'waltz' in WordNet: 2. waltz - (music composed in triple time for waltzing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DanceMusic . :Waltzing :wnsense "waltz around1v", "waltz1v" ; :wordnet "waltz", "waltz around" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Waltzing'' is a form of ''BallroomDancing'' with any of several specific defined sequences of steps, performed to a 'waltz' style of music. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'waltz' in WordNet: 1. waltz, waltz around - (dance a waltz) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BallroomDancing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DanceFloor ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyPerformedAt ] . :Wan :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Vitality ; :wnsense "wan3adj" ; :wordnet "wan" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'wan' in Wordnet: 3. wan - (lacking vitality as from weariness or illness or unhappiness; 'a wan smile') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Weak . :Wand :wnsense "wand1n" ; :wordnet "wand" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Wand'' can include the 'magic wand' of a sorcerer, but that is represented directly by the subtype ''MagicWand''. Corresponds to of noun sense 1 of 'wand' in WordNet: 1. (1) wand - (a rod used by a magician or water diviner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-UserControlled, :LongAndThinThing, :PointyEndedObject, :Rod . :Wanderer :wnsense "vagabond1n" ; :wordnet "vagabond" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The agent in a 'Wandering' Action, not necessarily a Person - could be an animal, or (metaphorically?) a ship (see WN example). This includes people who have a permanent residence but are temporarily leading a wandering life style. For nomadic people use subtype ''Nomad''. The habitual human wanderers are reperesented as the subtypes ''Drifter'' and ''Hobo''. The required specification of the Wandering action can be vague, merely indicating the time period and general location. THe WordNet 'wanderer' appears specific for people - use 'Drifter' or its subtype 'Hobo' for that sense. in WordNet: 1. (1) vagabond - (anything that resembles a vagabond in having no fixed place; 'pirate ships were vagabonds of the sea') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wandering ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ] . :Wandering :en "roaming", "wandering" ; :ldoce "wander" ; :wnsense "cast6v", "drift3v", "ramble2v", "range2v", "roam1v", "roll12v", "rove1v", "stray1v", "swan2v", "tramp4v", "vagabond1v", "wander1v" ; :wordnet "cast", "drift", "ramble", "range", "roam", "roll", "rove", "stray", "swan", "tramp", "vagabond", "wander" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wandering is an animal 'Movement-TranslationEvent' that can be performed on foot or in a vehicle (or on horseback), and is characterized by the agent not having any specific destination(s) in mind when the Wandering starts; usually used to describe human actions. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'wander' in RHW: 1. to ramble without a definite purpose or objective; roam, rove, or stray: to wander over the earth. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wander'and sense 1 of 'roam' in WordNet: 1. (18) roll, wander, swan, stray, tramp, roam, cast, ramble, rove, range, drift, vagabond - (move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment; 'The gypsies roamed the woods'; 'roving vagabonds'; 'the wandering Jew'; 'The cattle roam across the prairie'; 'the laborers drift from one town to the next'; 'They rolled from town to town') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :Movement-TranslationEvent, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Wanderer ] . :Waning :isAnAttributeValueOf :EarthsMoon ; :isTheOppositeOf :Increasing ; :wnsense "waning1adj" ; :wordnet "waning" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subAttribute of ''Decreasing'' specifically for the rection in reflected light from the moon as it passes from full moon to NewMoon. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'waning' in Wordnet: 1. waning - ((of the moon) pertaining to the period during which the visible surface of the moon decreases; 'after full moon comes the waning moon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decreasing . :WaningEvent :wnsense "decline4v", "go down3v", "wane1v", "wane2v", "waning1n" ; :wordnet "decline", "go down", "wane", "waning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WaningEvent'' is a gradual ''DecreaseEvent'', in size, intensity, importance, or other quality of an Object or Event. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waning' in WordNet: 1. (1) waning - (a gradual decrease in magnitude or extent; 'the waning of his enthusiasm was obvious'; 'the waxing and waning of the moon') WN verb 'wane': 1. (2) decline, go down, wane - (grow smaller; 'Interest in the project waned') 2. (1) wane - (become smaller; 'Interest in his novels waned') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gradual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wannabe :wnsense "aspirant1n", "aspirer1n", "hopeful1n", "wannabe1n", "wannabee1n" ; :wordnet "aspirant", "aspirer", "hopeful", "wannabe", "wannabee" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wannabe'' is a Person who desires to become a certain type or Role of Person, but has not yet achieved that goal, but has not yet failed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wannabe' in WordNet: 1. aspirant, aspirer, hopeful, wannabe, wannabee - (an ambitious and aspiring young person; 'a lofty aspirant'; 'two executive hopefuls joined the firm'; 'the audience was full of Madonna wannabes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Aspiring ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :War :ldoce "war" ; :wnsense "war1n", "warfare1n" ; :wordnet "war", "warfare" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any kind of MilitaryAction large enough to be called a 'War',usually between sovereign GeopoliticalEntities. This includes ancient battles such as the Trojan War. A War must have at least two conflicting IntelligentAgents, which could be countries. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'war' in WordNet: 1. (487) war, warfare - (the waging of armed conflict against an enemy; 'thousands of people were killed in the war') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryEngagement, :UndesirableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DefeatingAnOpponent ; owl:onProperty :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DangerousSituation ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Battle ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryAttack ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Death ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :War ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ] . :Warbler :guid "bfe81c0b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "warbler2n" ; :wordnet "warbler" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 12 of 'warbler' in WordNet: 2. warbler - (a small active songbird) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OscineBird . :Warden :wnsense "warden1n", "warder1n" ; :wordnet "warden", "warder" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warden' in WordNet: 1. warden, warder - (the chief official in charge of a prison) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HeadOfAnOrganization, :LawEnforcementOfficer, :Manager, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ExecutiveGovernmentalOrganization ; owl:onProperty :isEmployedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Prison ; owl:onProperty :typicallyManages ] . :Wardrobe :wnsense "wardrobe1n" ; :wordnet "wardrobe" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wardrobe'' is the set of clothes owned by one LegalAgent - usually a Person, but it could be a group or an Organization. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wardrobe' in WordNet: 2. (1) wardrobe - (collection of clothing belonging to one person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing, :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :ClothingItem ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :LegalAgent ] . :Wardrobe-Furniture :wnsense "closet3n", "press6n", "wardrobe1n" ; :wordnet "closet", "press", "wardrobe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wardrobe-Furniture'' is a tall piece of furniture that can serve as a mobile 'clothes closet'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wardrobe' in WordNet: 1. (3) wardrobe, closet, press - (a tall piece of furniture that provides storage space for clothes; has a door and rails or hooks for hanging clothes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FurniturePiece, :Object-SupportingFurniture, :StorageConstruct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Clothing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Door ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hanger ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HangingUpClothes ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "160"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters ] . :Wardroom :wnsense "wardroom1n" ; :wordnet "wardroom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wardroom' in WordNet: 1. (1) wardroom - (military quarters for dining and recreation for officers of a warship (except the captain)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MilitaryQuarters, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MilitaryOfficer ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ModernNavalShip ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Warehouse :guid "bd58e21e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "warehouse1n" ; :wordnet "warehouse" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Buildings where people (or businesses and corporations) store things usually in bulk. Generally this refers to commodities of some sort. SUMO: A very large CommercialBuilding whose purpose is to store commodities. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warehouse' in Wordnet: 1. (5) warehouse, storage warehouse - (a storehouse for goods and merchandise) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommercialBuilding, :StorageFacility . :Warhead :guid "bdb28871-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "load8n", "payload1n", "warhead1n" ; :wordnet "load", "payload", "warhead" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of devices, a subset of #$Weapon. A warhead is a weapon carried in the nose cone of a missile. Usually some kind of explosive package is involved, but the weapon may also be biological or chemical in nature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warhead' in WordNet: 1. warhead, payload, load - (the front part of a guided missile or rocket or torpedo that carries the nuclear or explosive charge or the chemical or biological agents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExplosiveDevice, :MilitaryWeapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAtTheEndOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Missile :Torpedo ) ] ] . :Warm :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :BeingWarm ; :ldoce "warm" ; :wnsense "warm1adj" ; :wordnet "warm" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Warm is a QualitativeAttributeValue for objects or ambient air, indicating that the temperature of the object is above normal room temperature (23 deg C), but not 'Hot'. For air temperatures, 'Warm' should be below 35 deg C, but for solid objects or water, 'Warm' can be as high as 45 deg C. The criterion is that warm things are above room temeorature, but not so hot as to be uncomfortable for a person to relax in (air) or to touch (objects). Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'warm' in WordNet; this is for temperature only, and a 'warm coat' is not the sense intended here: in WordNet: 1. (34) warm - (having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat; 'a warm body'; 'a warm room'; 'a warm climate'; 'a warm coat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Warm-up :wnsense "prolusion2n", "tune-up1n", "warm-up1n" ; :wordnet "prolusion", "tune-up", "warm-up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warm-up' in WordNet: 1. (1) warm-up, tune-up, prolusion - (exercising in preparation for strenuous activity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExercisingEvent, :PreparingForSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StrenuousAthleticActivity ; owl:onProperty :wasaPreparationFor ] . :WarmBehavior :ldoce "warmth" ; :wnsense "warmth5n" ; :wordnet "warmth" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WarmBehavior' is a subtype of 'MannerOfBehavior' that is characterized by expressions of gentle, kind feelings on behalf of the Person acting toward some other Person. This approximates sense 4 of 'warmth' in RHW, but this is an Action that is externally visible, not a Feeling: 4. the quality of being intimate and attached: All children need warmth and affection from their families. Corresponds to noun sense 5 of 'warmth' in WordNet: 5. affectionateness, fondness, lovingness, warmth - (a quality proceeding from feelings of affection or love) WN This is related to noun sense 2 of 'warmth' in WordNet, but WN the WordNet sense 2 is a Feeling,and this type interpreted WN as being the Action that can be prompted by Feelings WN of 'warmth': the Feeling is 'WarmFeelings'. 2. (1) warmheartedness, warmth - (a warmhearted feeling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MannerOfBehavior . :WarmClothingItem :CYC "WarmClothes" ; :en "warm clothing" ; :enn "warm clothing" ; :guid "bd590398-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WarmClothingItem'' is one item of clothing that is designed to keep one warm. Overcoat? CYC: 'WarmClothes' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, :DurableGood, :InsulatingCover, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PersonalWarmth ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToProduce ] . :WarmFeelings :ldoce "warmth" ; :wnsense "warmth2n" ; :wordnet "warmth" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WarmFeelings' is a subtype of 'DirectedFeeling' that disposes a Person to exhibit 'WarmBehavior'; this is directed toward specific Person(s), and does not necessarily imply benevolence to everyone (though that can be a subtype - (brotherly love?).. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'warmth' in WordNet: 2. (1) warmheartedness, warmth - (a warmhearted feeling) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WarmBehavior ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :WarmHearted :isTheOppositeOf :Standoffish ; :wnsense "warmhearted1adj" ; :wordnet "warmhearted" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WarmHearted'' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'warmhearted' in Wordnet: 1. warmhearted - (marked by warmth of feeling like kindness and sympathy and generosity; 'gave a warmhearted welcome to the stranger') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Kind, :Sympathetic . :WarmSeason :guid "c0f7103b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SeasonOfYear. Each instance of #$WarmSeason is the warmer time of the seasonal cycle at a particular region. In most places on Earth, an instance of #$WarmSeason temporally subsumes anb instance of #$SummerSeason. Each instance of #$WarmSeason is a weather season that is part of an annual cliomate cycle (see #$AnnualClimateCycle). Note that #$WarmSeason is _not_ a specialization of #$CalendarSeason.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SeasonOfYear . :WarmingProcess a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RaisingaValue, :TemperatureChangingProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Temperature ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :Warmly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :PsychologicallyWarm ; :wnsense "cordially1adv", "heartily2adv", "warmly1adv" ; :wordnet "cordially", "heartily", "warmly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'warmly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) heartily, cordially, warmly - (in a hearty manner; '`Yes,' the children chorused heartily'; 'We welcomed her warmly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Warmness :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :PersonalWarmth ; :ldoce "warm" ; :wnsense "warm1adj" ; :wordnet "warm" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Warmness'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue for people who feel as though the external air temperture is greater than room temperature (23 deg c) but not so hot as to be uncomfortable. This is a comfortable degree of warmth, depending on the external air temperature,wind chill factor, and the clothing worn. This can be considered as a subtype of ''Warm'' even though it is not precisely correlated with a temperature, because it is correlated with the skin temperature which produces the sensation. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'warm' in WordNet (for pepple 'having' a comfortable warmth); in WordNet: 1. (34) warm - (having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat; 'a warm body'; 'a warm room'; 'a warm climate'; 'a warm coat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Warning :wnsense "warning1n" ; :wordnet "warning" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Warning' is Signal or a WarningText. Note that this is treated as an Object; for the Action of warning, use 'WarningAction'. A Signal or an AbstractText whose content is information about the existence of a Risk, produced by a 'WarningAction'. This may be a WarningSignal (sound, flashing light) or the content of a linguistic communication ('WarningText') Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'warning' in WordNet: 1. (13) warning - (a message informing of danger) 2. (9) admonition, monition, warning, word of advice - (cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalReferringThing, :InformationBearingThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureDanger ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :WarningAction :guid "bf6e921f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "warn" ; :wnsense "warn1v" ; :wordnet "warn" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this sense of 'warning' can apply to non-human animals and devices that emit warnings, as well as people. The more specific 'MakingAThreat' is human-specific. Cyc: The collection of actions in which something (the #$warner) warns an agent (the #$warnee) about some danger (see #$warningOf). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'warn' in WordNet: 1. (22) warn - (notify of danger, potential harm, or risk; 'The director warned him that he might be fired'; 'The doctor warned me about the dangers of smoking') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, :GivingaHeadsUp, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Warning ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RiskySituation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :WarningSignal a :SignalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Signal' is Signal that conveys the existence of some Risk. an AbstractText whose content is information about the existence of a Risk, produced by a 'WarningAction'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'warning' in WordNet: 1. (13) warning - (a message informing of danger) 2. (9) admonition, monition, warning, word of advice - (cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Signal, :Warning . :WarningText :wnsense "warning1n" ; :wordnet "warning" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WarningText' is an AbstractText whose content is information about the existence of a Risk, produced by a 'WarningAction'. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'warning' in WordNet: 1. (13) warning - (a message informing of danger) 2. (9) admonition, monition, warning, word of advice - (cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork, :HeadsUp, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RiskySituation ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Warplane :guid "c13f5369-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "military plane1n", "warplane1n" ; :wordnet "military plane", "warplane" ; a :DeviceType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Warplane is a specialization of #$Airplane, #$WeaponSystem, and #$CombatAircraft. Each instance of #$Warplane is an #$Airplane which is designed (and often used) as a weapon of war. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warplane' in WordNet: 1. warplane, military plane - (an aircraft designed and used for combat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aircraft, :MilitaryWeapon, :WeaponSystem . :Warrior :guid "57015198-3a19-41d7-9f45-c8517a66b40b" ; :wnsense "warrior1n" ; :wordnet "warrior" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$Professional-Adults who specialize in fighting and combat against some enemy forces. This includes #$Soldiers and other combat members of armies, but does not include #$MartialArtists who practice only for athletic purposes. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'warrior' in Wordnet: 1. (3) warrior - (someone engaged in or experienced in warfare) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fighter, :Professional-Adult, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Battle ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :War ; owl:onProperty :isKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Battle ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Wartime :wnsense "wartime1n" ; :wordnet "wartime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wartime'' is a TimeInterval during which some ''War'' is underway. This should be relative, a time in which a ''War'' that involves the Person for whom it is considered a ''Wartime''. There is often a War going on somewhere,but that is not considered Wartime for countries not fighting. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wartime' in WordNet: 1. wartime - (a period of time during which there is armed conflict) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :War ; owl:onProperty :commonlyHasEventType ] . :WashBasin :en "wash-stand" ; :wnsense "washbasin1n", "washbowl1n", "washstand2n" ; :wordnet "washbasin", "washbowl", "washstand" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WashBasin'' is a smallish sink that is intended for or typically used to wash the hands, as in a bathroom, washroom or lavatory. Large Sinks designed for washing clothes or other purposes are not included. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washbasin' in WordNet: 1. (1) washbasin, basin, washbowl, washstand, lavatory - (a bathroom sink that is permanently installed and connected to a water supply and drainpipe; where you can wash your hands and face; 'he ran some water in the basin and splashed it on his face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sink . :WashBoard :wnsense "washboard1n" ; :wordnet "washboard" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WashBoard'' is a ''Board'' having a corrugated usually metal surface used to wash clothes by rubbing them against that board while they are saturated with soapy water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washboard' in WordNet: 1. washboard - (device consisting of a corrugated surface to scrub clothes on) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :NonPoweredDevice, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingLaundry ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Scrubbing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Corrugation ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :WashCloth :guid "bd589bd2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "face cloth1n", "flannel2n", "washcloth1n", "washrag1n" ; :wordnet "face cloth", "flannel", "washcloth", "washrag" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small, approximately one-square-foot, piece of cloth used to clean surfaces. NOTE: 'flannel' is a British usage Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washcloth' in WordNet: 1. washcloth, washrag, flannel, face cloth - (bath linen consisting of a piece of cloth used to wash the face and body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BathLinen, :CleaningImplement, :FreeSheet, :HandSizedObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cloth ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :WashedOutFlop :wnsense "dud1n", "flop2n", "washout3n" ; :wordnet "dud", "flop", "washout" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WashedOutFlop'' is an ''UnsuccessfulPerson'' who has experienced the failure of an attempt to achieve some level of a profession, especially by undergoing a basic training program. RHW 'washout': 6. Informal. a person who has failed a course of training or study: air force washouts. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'washout' in WordNet: 3. flop, dud, washout - (someone who is unsuccessful) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unsuccessful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WashingDishes :en "doing the dishes", "washing dishes", "washing the dishes" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of events in which a person washes FoodUtensils and other objects used in preparing and serving food. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WashingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FoodVessel :FoodUtensil :EatingUtensilType :ArtifactObjectType ) ] ] . :WashingEvent :en "washing" ; :guid "bd589c84-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wash" ; :wnsense "lave2v", "lave3v", "wash up1v", "wash2v" ; :wordnet "lave", "wash", "wash up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Cleaning. In each #$Washing event, some #$Water is being employed in the cleaning. Typically there will be some surfactant such as soap (cf. #$Soap-Personal) dissolved in the water. If only water (i.e., no soap) is used in a #$Washing, then the event also belongs to the more specialized #$Rinsing. Other notable specializations include #$Bathing and #$PersonalWashing. #$Scrubbing is not a specialization of this collection, since such events may occur without any water being involved. NOTE: without soap or detergent, a related action would be a 'rinsing' (not yet represented) SUMO: Removing small particles from something by means of a Detergent and Water. Includes verb senses 2 and 3 of 'wash' in WordNet: 2. (9) wash, lave - (cleanse (one's body) with soap and water) 3. (7) wash, launder - (cleanse with a cleaning agent, such as soap, and water; 'Wash the towels, please!') WN verb 'lave': 3. wash up, lave - (wash one's face and hands; 'She freshened up in the bathroom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfactantSolution ] . :WashingHair :en "hair washing", "hair-washing", "wash one's hair" ; :eng "washing hair" ; :env "wash hair" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subtype of ''PersonalWashing in which people wash the ''HeadHair'' of themselves or (as in a hairdresser's) of some other Person.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalWashing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeadHair ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ] . :WashingLaundry a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the collection of events in which a person washes the ''Laundry'', a group of ''SoiledClothObject''s. @db1283@ToDo: need mixture 'SoapAndWater' for common usage. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'launder' (usi soap and water, not dry cleaning) in WordNet: 1. wash, launder - (cleanse with a cleaning agent, such as soap, and water; 'Wash the towels, please!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WashingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SoiledClothObject :Laundry :ObjectType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soap ; owl:onProperty :usedSubstance ] . :WashingMachine :wnsense "automatic washer1n", "washer3n", "washing machine1n" ; :wordnet "automatic washer", "washer", "washing machine" ; a :DeviceType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washing machine' in WordNet: 1. washer, automatic washer, washing machine - (a home appliance for washing clothes and linens automatically) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CleaningDevice, :DurableGood, :ElectricalDevice, :ElectricalHouseholdAppliance, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingLaundry ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :WashingOnesFaceAndHands :wnsense "wash up1v" ; :wordnet "wash up" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the subtype of ''PersonalWashing in which a person washes his or her own face and/or hands (not necessarily both - subtypes can be created). Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wash up' in WordNet: 1. (1) wash up, lave - (wash one's face and hands; \"She freshened up in the bathroom\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalWashing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Self ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ] . :WashingtonDC :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory :WashingtonDCArea ; :isTheCapitalCityOf :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :wnsense "Washington D.C.1n", "Washington1n" ; :wordnet "Washington", "Washington D.C." ; a :CapitalCity ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Washington D.C. ' in WordNet: 1. Washington, Washington D.C., American capital, capital of the United States - (the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791) """ . :WashingtonDCArea :isLocatedAt :WashingtonDC ; :isSmallerThan :TheUnitedStatesArea ; a :CityArea . :Washout :wnsense "washout1n" ; :wordnet "washout" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washout' in WordNet: 1. washout - (the channel or break produced by erosion of relatively soft soil by water; 'it was several days after the storm before they could repair the washout and open the road') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Breach, :NaturalChannel, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :servesAsaPathFor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterCurrent ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Erosion ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Washtub :wnsense "washtub1n" ; :wordnet "washtub" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'washtub' in WordNet: 1. washtub - (a tub in which clothes or linens can be washed) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tub, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WashingLaundry ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Wasp :guid "bd58bc31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wasp2n" ; :wordnet "wasp" ; a :ArthropodType, :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of insects known as 'wasps', sometimes close in appearance to bees.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wasp' in WordNet: 2. wasp - (social or solitary hymenopterans typically having a slender body with the abdomen attached by a narrow stalk and having a formidable sting) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HymenopteranOrder, :VenomousAnimal, :Vermin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stinger ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfacePart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Stinger ; owl:onProperty :hasOrganicPart ] . :Waste :wnsense "waste material1n", "waste1n" ; :wordnet "waste", "waste material" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Waste' is any material (a Substance type) - solid or liquid or gas - that has been discarded (by any means) as unwanted - whether or not it is usable. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waste' in WordNet: 1. (6) waste, waste material, waste matter, waste product - (any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted; 'they collect the waste once a week'; 'much of the waste material is carried off in the sewers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorthlessThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Discarded ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WasteWater :wnsense "effluent1n", "wastewater1n" ; :wordnet "effluent", "wastewater" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WasteWater'' is ''Waste'' consisting mostly of Water, whether from the rain runoff of streets or structures or waste from a buiding or indstrial facility. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wastewater' in WordNet: 1. (2) effluent, wastewater, sewer water - (water mixed with waste matter) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Liquid, :Waste, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :Wastebasket :guid "bd58ded2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wastebasket1n" ; :wordnet "wastebasket" ; a :ContainerType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all wastebaskets. This is hte typical office wastebasket, used mostly for paper trash. NOTE: this is a subtype of ''TrashBucket'' intended for waste paper. SUMO: A Container which is used for trash. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wastebasket' in Wordnet: 1. (3) wastepaper basket, waste-paper basket, wastebasket, waste basket, circular file - (a container with an open top; for discarded paper and other rubbish) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TrashBucket, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paper ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :Wasteland :wnsense "barren1n", "waste4n", "wasteland1n" ; :wordnet "barren", "waste", "wasteland" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wasteland'' is any ''Wilderness'' (an unsettled or very sparsely settled area) that is ''Uninhabited'' and not considered fit for cultivation or residential use. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wastelad' in WordNet: 1. (2) barren, waste, wasteland - (an uninhabited wilderness that is worthless for cultivation; 'the barrens of central Africa'; 'the trackless wastes of the desert') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandArea, :Wilderness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PopulatedPlace ; owl:onProperty :lacks ] ; owl:disjointWith :PopulatedPlace . :WastingSomething :ldoce "waste" ; :wnsense "waste2n", "waste2v", "waste6v" ; :wordnet "waste" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of using part or all of a limited supply of something (including Money or PhysicalObjects or any other Resource), either without any beneficial effect, or less efficiently than the Resource could have been used. Incliudes noun sense 2 of 'waste' and verb senses 1, 2, and 6 of 'waste' in WordNet: WN verb 'waste': 2. (8) waste - (use inefficiently or inappropriately; 'waste heat'; 'waste a joke on an unappreciative audience') 6. consume, squander, waste, ware - (spend extravagantly; 'waste not, want not') WN noun 'waste': 2. (4) waste, wastefulness, dissipation - (useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly; 'if the effort brings no compensating gain it is a waste'; 'mindless dissipation of natural resources') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConsumingSomething . :Watch :isUsedToMeasure :TimeOfDay ; :ldoce "watch" ; :wnsense "watch1n" ; :wordnet "watch" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of 'Clock' that can be carried on the person, either worn on the wrist (a wristwatch), or carried in a pocket, usually having a chain or fastener to attach it to clothingl a pocket watch or wristwatch. A Watch must measure the TimeOfDay, so portable timers are not instances, though a Wathc may also have a timing function. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watch' in WordNet: 1. (9) watch, ticker - (a small portable timepiece) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clock, :ClothingAccessory, :SmallObject . :Watchdog :wnsense "guard dog1n", "watchdog2n" ; :wordnet "guard dog", "watchdog" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''WorkingDog''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'watchdog' in WordNet: 2. watchdog, guard dog - (a dog trained to guard property) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingDog . :Watched :en "watched" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :BeingWatched ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Watched'' is an AttributeValue of something that is being closely watched ('monitored') by some Agent (including automatons). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Watcher :wnsense "watcher3n" ; :wordnet "watcher" ; a :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''KeepingWatch'' is a ''Monitoring'' performed by a ''Person'', to guard against some possible undesirable Event, and either take action or Includes but is broader than (watching for any purpose) noun sense 3 of 'watcher' in WordNet: 3. watcher - (a person who keeps a devotional vigil by a sick bed or by a dead body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :KeepingWatch ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Watching :ldoce "watch" ; :wnsense "watch1v" ; :wordnet "watch" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Watching'' is to intenionally look attentatively. WN verb 'watch': 1. (77) watch - (look attentively; 'watch a basketball game') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Looking . :WatchingForTrouble :wnsense "look out1v", "watch out1v", "watch5v" ; :wordnet "look out", "watch", "watch out" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WatchingForTrouble'' is a ''KeepingWatch'' for any kind of potential trouble, which may have only a small probability of occurring. This can be done by any Person for any reason. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'watch out' in WordNet: 1. (5) watch, look out, watch out - (be vigilant, be on the lookout, be on one's guard, be careful; 'Watch out for pickpockets!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :KeepingWatch, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :WatchmansBeat :ldoce "beat" ; :wnsense "beat1n" ; :wordnet "beat" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WatchmansBeat' is the Route traversed as part of his/her assigned job; this can be for policemen or private guards. It should be preestablished and officially designated by someone with the authority. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beat' in WordNet: 1. (1) beat, round - (a regular route for a sentry or policeman; 'in the old days a policeman walked a beat and knew all his people by name') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Route . :Water :guid "bd58c01d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_H2O ; :isTheMainComponentSubstanceOf :AqueousSolution, :Ice, :Steam, :Water-Fresh, :Water-Saline ; :ldoce "water" ; :mayFillTheRoleOf :Solvent ; :wnsense "water1n" ; :wordnet "water" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :LigandType, :SolventType, :WaterSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Water: the substance is not an object, but the semi-abstract substance of which each WaterObject is constituted. The Type 'Water' includes all substances consisting mostly of pure water, including aqueous solutions Ihis differs form the Cyc usage, below). NOTE that the Cyc 'Water' is an object, and differs logically from COSMO 'Water' as do other Cyc substances from their COSMO equivalents. 'pure water' would be a subtype of 'Water'. This is the chemical substance,and is not necessarily liquid, but can be solid ('ice') or vapor ('steam'); Cyc comment: An instance of #$ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies and a specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$Water is one piece of some (pure or impure) portion of the chemical compound H2O. Instances of #$Water may be in a gaseous, liquid, or solid state (see #$stateOfMatter); they may be salty or not, drinkable or not. Examples include portions of the ocean, such as the #$BayOfBiscay and the #$BayOfBengal (see also #$SeaWater); bodies of fresh water, such as #$NiagaraFalls and the #$GangesRiver; quantities of chlorinated water (see #$PoolWater); and the contents of bottles of tonic water (see #$SeltzerWater). Any portion of liquid that consists mostly of water but differs from it in one or more important properties (as does e.g. urine, coffee, and lemonade) is not itself an instance of #$Water, but has an instance of #$Water as its main constituent (see #$mainConstituent). For the specialization of #$Water whose instances are pure, see (#$PureFn #$Water). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water' in WordNet: 1. (744) water, H2O - (binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance, :NaturalResourceSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Living ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :Water-Fresh :guid "bd589758-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "fresh water1n", "freshwater1adj" ; :wordnet "fresh water", "freshwater" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Water in any physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) which is considered fresh water rather than sea water. Thus, lakes, rivers, drinking water, steam, precipitation, are all fresh water. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'fresh water' in WordNet: 1. fresh water, freshwater - (water that is not salty) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Water . :Water-Saline :guid "bd5905d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasSolute :SodiumChloride ; :wnsense "salt water1n", "saltwater1n" ; :wordnet "salt water", "saltwater" ; a :SolutionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Water. Each instance of #$Water-Saline is a portion of water with some substantial concentration of salt mixed into it. An important specialization of #$Water-Saline is #$SeaWater (q.v.). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'saltwater' in Wordnet; 'seawater' is a subtype of this. in WordNet: 1. (1) seawater, saltwater, brine - (water containing salts; 'the water in the ocean is all saltwater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AqueousSolution, :Water, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SodiumChloride ; owl:onProperty :hasSolute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SaltyTasting ; owl:onProperty :hasTaste ] . :WaterAtOneGramPerMilliliter :hasDensityMeasure :OneGramPerMilliliter ; a :Water . :WaterBodyBed :en "lake bed", "ocean bed" ; :wnsense "bed3n", "bottom5n" ; :wordnet "bed", "bottom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WaterBodyBed'' is the thin layer of ground or artificial solid that underlies a BodyOfWater and serves as a container for it; this is the 'Container' which is part of the ContainerAndContents which is a BodyOfWater. Subtypes would be a ''LakeBed'', a ''StreamBed'', an ocean bottom, or a canal lining (if a canal had a lining). Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'bed' in WordNet: 3. (2) bed, bottom - (a depression forming the ground under a body of water; 'he searched for treasure on the ocean bed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Container, :GeographicalObject, :PhysicalObject, :PlanetarySurfaceObject, :SheetOfSomeStuff . :WaterBottle :guid "c0fd5b28-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "water bottle1n" ; :wordnet "water bottle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ContainerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Bottles which are intended for storage/drinking of water. This is mostly intended to mean those which are re-used, rather than those in which water is merely sold. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water bottle' in WordNet: 1. water bottle - (a bottle for holding water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bottle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :WaterBuffalo :guid "bd590270-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Asiatic buffalo1n", "Bubalus bubalis1n", "water buffalo1n", "water ox1n" ; :wordnet "Asiatic buffalo", "Bubalus bubalis", "water buffalo", "water ox" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water buffalo' in WordNet: 1. (1) water buffalo, water ox, Asiatic buffalo, Bubalus bubalis - (an Asian buffalo that is often domesticated for use as a draft animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OldWorldBuffalo . :WaterCloud :en "cloud" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any Cloud that is composed primarily of water vapor. Cyc: A cloud of particles of liquid or solid water in the atmosphere covering a #$GeographicalRegion. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CloudlikeObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :WaterColorPaint :wnsense "water-color2n", "water-colour2n", "watercolor2n", "watercolour2n" ; :wordnet "water-color", "water-colour", "watercolor", "watercolour" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes the liquid before application and the dried pigment on the surface of an object. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'water-colour' in WordNet: 2. watercolor, water-color, watercolour, water-colour - (a water-base paint (with water-soluble pigments); used by artists) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Paint . :WaterColorPainting :guid "bd58a0d5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "water-color3n", "water-colour3n", "watercolor1n", "watercolour3n" ; :wordnet "water-color", "water-colour", "watercolor", "watercolour" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WaterColorPaintings as representational art forms. THis is the object, not the action of creating a water color painting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water color' in WordNet: 1. (9) watercolor, water-color, watercolour, water-colour - (a painting produced with watercolors) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Painting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :WaterColorPaint ] . :WaterCompany :wnsense "water company1n", "waterworks1n" ; :wordnet "water company", "waterworks" ; a :AgentType, :OrganizationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WaterCompany'' is a ''PublicUtility'', whether goverment or privately operated. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waterworks' in WordNet: 1. water company, waterworks - (a public utility that provides water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublicUtility, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupplyingWater ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSupplySystem ; owl:onProperty :manages ] . :WaterCurrent :ldoce "current" ; :wnsense "current2n", "stream3n" ; :wordnet "current", "stream" ; a :ProcessType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A FunctionalProcess during which Water flows in a stream-like formation. This can be the current in a Stream, or a current in the Ocean, or in some other body of water Corresponds to a specialization of noun sense 2 of 'current' in WordNet: 2. (8) current, stream - (a steady flow (usually from natural causes); 'the raft floated downstream on the current'; 'he felt a stream of air') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidCurrent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlowingWater ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :WaterLily :guid "bd58eda2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "water lily1n" ; :wordnet "water lily" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ In CYC 'WaterLilyOrder': (???WN and RHW say 'family') RHW: any of various aquatic plants of the genus Nymphaea, species of which have large, disklike, floating leaves and showy flowers, esp. N. odorata, of America, or N. alba, of Europe. Cf. water lily family. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water lily' in WordNet: 1. water lily - (an aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DicotSubclass, :VascularPlant . :WaterMoccasin :guid "c0fd485f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "water moccasin1n" ; :wordnet "water moccasin" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water moccasin' in WordNet: 1. water moccasin, cottonmouth, cottonmouth moccasin, Agkistrodon piscivorus - (venomous semiaquatic snake of swamps in southern United States) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PitViper, :WaterSnake . :WaterMotion :en "water in motion", "water motion" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: Any Motion where the patient is a quantity of Water. Floods, rainstorms, rivers flowing (for some interval of time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidMotion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterObject ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FlowingWater ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :WaterObject a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any PhysicalObject consisting mostly of Water. NOTE that this is not necessarily a TopAndBottomSidedObject, sinece it can be a water droplet floatinf or spinning. But a BodyOfWater is a 'TopAndBottomSidedObject'. Each 'WaterObject' is a quantity of Water, anywhere and of any size This corresponds to the CYC 'Water', but CYC substances are treated differently form substancesin COSMO. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidObject, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericLocation ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:PhysicalObject [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] ) ] . :WaterPistol :guid "65af7b20-3cf4-11d6-8000-00902791a840" ; :wnsense "squirt gun1n", "squirter1n", "water gun1n", "water pistol1n" ; :wordnet "squirt gun", "squirter", "water gun", "water pistol" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of toy pistols which squirt water, usually made of plastic. Also called a 'squirt gun'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water pistol' in WordNet: 1. water pistol, water gun, squirt gun, squirter - (plaything consisting of a toy pistol that squirts water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :ManufacturedGoods, :Toy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handgun ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handgun ; owl:onProperty :resembles ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :propels ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Squirting ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :WaterPolo :wnsense "water polo1n" ; :wordnet "water polo" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is the GameEvent, not the Specification. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water polo' in WordNet: 1. water polo - (a game played in a swimming pool by two teams of swimmers who try to throw an inflated ball into the opponents' goal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :WaterSportActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :InflatedBall ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TeamSport ; owl:onProperty :isAnExecutionOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SwimmingPool ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :WaterPrecipitationProcess :guid "bd58fece-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "come down3v", "downfall2n", "fall5v", "precipitate3v", "precipitation3n" ; :wordnet "come down", "downfall", "fall", "precipitate", "precipitation" ; a :MotionType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type refers to some form of water (rain, hail, snow) condensing in and falling from the sky - a subtype of ''ImmediateWeatherProcess''. For similar processes involving other kinds of liquid or solid precipitating (e.g. from the sky on another planet), a parent type was created; see 'PrecipitationProcess' above. CYC: A specialization of #$ImmediateWeatherProcess, #$FallingEvent, and #$EmittingStuff. Each instance of #$PrecipitationProcess is a meteorological process in which atmospheric clouds precipitate rain, snow, or some other form of precipitation. NOTE: the gloss phrase about Vesuvius is not 'precipitation from clouds' - why is that here? It should be in a different type. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'precipitate' in WordNet: 3. precipitate, come down, fall - (fall from clouds; 'rain, snow and sleet were falling'; 'Vesuvius precipitated its fiery, destructive rage on Herculaneum') WN noun 'precipitation': 3. precipitation, downfall - (the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PrecipitationProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :produced ] . :WaterRegion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A GeographicalRegion coinciding with the boundaries of some BodyOfWater.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeographicalRegion . :WaterReservoir :guid "bd58f3b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "artificial lake1n", "reservoir2n" ; :wordnet "artificial lake", "reservoir" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WaterReservoir'' is a ''Reservoir'' in the form of a ''Lake'' (which is at least in part artificial, with some barrier to hold back the water), with sufficient stored water to supply a large number of people or large industries, or a substantial area of agricultural land. CYC 'Reservoir': body of water impounded by humans, e.g., Lake Mead Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'reservoir' in WordNet: 2. (1) reservoir, artificial lake - (lake used to store water for community use) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lake, :Reservoir, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water-Fresh ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ManMade ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WaterSki :guid "bd58e67d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "water ski1n" ; :wordnet "water ski" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all water skis. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water ski' in WordNet: 1. water ski - (broad ski for skimming over water towed by a speedboat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :SolidTangibleArtifact, :SportsEquipment, :SupportingObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ski ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Foot ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSkiing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :WaterSkiing :guid "bd58c5fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "water ski1v" ; :wordnet "water ski" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all water-skiing events. This Action is the riding on a ''WaterSki'' over the surface of some BodyOfWater, pulled by a motorboat. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water ski' in WordNet: 1. (1) water ski - (ride water skis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :WaterSportActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSki ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :WaterSnake :guid "c10aea6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "water snake1n" ; :wordnet "water snake" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Snakes which live near water, are often in the water, and which feed on aquatic animals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water snake' in WordNet: 1. water snake - (any of various mostly harmless snakes that live in or near water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Snake, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalHabitat ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AquaticOrganism ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :WaterSoluble :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalSubstance, :WaterSolubleStuff ; :wnsense "water-soluble1adj" ; :wordnet "water-soluble" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'water-soluble' in Wordnet: 1. water-soluble - (soluble in water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Soluble . :WaterSolubleStuff :en "water soluble material", "water soluble substance" ; :enn "water soluble material", "water soluble substance" ; :guid "bd58f037-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of tangibles. Each element of #$WaterSolubleStuff is a tangible thing that can dissolve in water. For example, instances of the collections #$Soap-Personal, #$LaundryDetergent, #$Sugar-Table. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSoluble ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WaterSportActivity :en "watersports" ; :enn "watersports" ; :guid "c0ed09df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "aquatics1n", "water sport1n", "watersport1n" ; :wordnet "aquatics", "water sport", "watersport" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of sports activities that are performed in/on water. Note that this is played in or on a ''WaterObject'', so it can include sports played in a ''SwimmingPool'' as well as on an Ocean or Lake or River. NOTE: this is for the Action of performing some 'water sport', not the specification for how to perform it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water sport' in WordNet: 1. (1) water sport, aquatics - (sports that involve bodies of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecreationalActivity, :SportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterObject ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ] . :WaterStorageObject :en "water supply" ; a :HolderType, :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WaterStorageObject'' is a ''StorageFacility'' where some agent (not necessarly commercial) stores ''Water-Fresh'', closer to the place where it is used than is a reservoir that may supply the water. This can be as simple as a local pond or well on a farm where the local farmer keeps water for use in irrigation, but it more commonly is used as the subtype ''WaterWorks'' for a larger supply managed by a ''WaterCompany''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StorageFacility, :Supply, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water-Fresh ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ] . :WaterStrider :guid "bd589246-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pond-skater1n", "water skater1n", "water strider1n" ; :wordnet "pond-skater", "water skater", "water strider" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water strider' in WordNet: 1. water strider, pond-skater, water skater - (long-legged bug that skims about on the surface of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongInsectLegs ; owl:onProperty :hasFeature ] . :WaterSubstanceType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WaterSubstanceType'' is a metatype which is a subclass of ''SubstanceType'' that can serve as type for various forms of ''Water'' such as ''Steam' and ''Water'' (liquid).. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LiquidSubstanceType . :WaterSupplySystem :en "water supply system" ; :wnsense "water supply1n", "water system2n", "water3n" ; :wordnet "water", "water supply", "water system" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WaterSpplySystem'' is a ''PipingSystem-Generic'' consisting of ''Pipe''s that convey ''Water-Fresh'' from a ''WaterWorks'' to some local place or object that uses the water, or within a structure to distribute Water from the external supply source (PublicUtility or private well) to parts of the local structure. The latter would be the water distribution part of an instance of subtype ''PlumbingSystem-Building''. ?WNtag? 'water' - in what context? Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'water system' in WordNet: 2. water system, water supply, water - (a facility that provides a source of water; 'the town debated the purification of the water supply'; 'first you have to cut off the water') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InfrastructureProduct, :PipingSystem-Generic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupplyingWater ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterStorageObject ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ] . :WaterSurface a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WaterSurface' is the water which is the top part of a WaterObject that is also a 'TopAndBottomSidedObject'. This will be used mostly for BodyOfWater, but also applies to identifiable surfaces of water in containers, such as a fish tank, swimming pool, glass of water, etc. Since the water must be top and bottom sided, it must be in a gravitational field in order to have such a surface. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HorizontalSurface, :SurfaceOnTangibleObject, :TopSurfaceOfaLiquidObject, :WaterObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterObject ; owl:onProperty :isTheTopPartOf ] . :WaterSurfacePath :en "water surface path" ; :enn "water surface path" ; :guid "c0fd5053-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of pre-designated or customary #$Path-Spatials that lie along water surfaces. A moving object following (or blocking) this path is supported by the water, but is neither fully immersed in the water nor completely in the air. This collection includes sea-lanes, channels, pre-designated ship routes, safe-passage mine-free paths, etc. They may or may not be marked with #$Buoys. Certain bodies of water like #$Canals are generally #$WaterSurfacePaths or have #$WaterSurfacePaths on them. For the pure #$Trajectory of the motion of any object on a water surface, use #$WaterSurfaceTrajectory. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Path-Physical, :Path-Simple, :Path-Spatial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ] . :WaterTap :en "water tap" ; :enn "water tap" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A tap connected to a fresh water supply. This is usually located in a ''HumanOccupationConstruct'' but can be outdoors, as at a Park. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water-Fresh ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterStorageObject ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ] . :WaterTransportationVehicle :guid "a290c9e6-8568-41d7-800e-9cd032222b82" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$WaterTransportationDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$WaterTransportationVehicle is a device which is both self-powered and controlled in some fashion by a user, and is used for transportation on or below the surface of water. Specializations of #$WaterTransportationVehicle include the collections #$CruiseShip and #$Submarine, but not collections of non-#$SelfPoweredDevices such as #$Sailboat or #$Rowboat.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boat, :TransportationDevice-Vehicle . :WaterTravel :wnsense "seafaring2n", "water travel1n" ; :wordnet "seafaring", "water travel" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WaterTravel' is a 'Travel-TripEvent' that takes place *on* (not in) some body of water, which could be a lake or river or ocean. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'water travel' in WordNet: 1. water travel, seafaring - (travel by water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RidingInaBoat, :Travel-TripEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :NavigableWaterSurface ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FloatingOnaLiquid ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Watercraft ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :WaterVapor :wnsense "water vapor1n", "water vapour1n" ; :wordnet "water vapor", "water vapour" ; a :GaseousSubstanceType, :WaterSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WaterVapor'' is a gaseous form of water that is mixed with other gases (not just the atmosphere) in a concentration below the saturation point at that temperature. This is used primarily for gaseous water as a component of the atmosphere, but can be used for gaseous water in other gases. This refers only to the water component of the gas mixture, so its main component substance is ''Water''. Includes but is not limited to noun sense 1 of 'water vapor' in WordNet: 1. (3) water vapor, water vapour - (water in a vaporous form diffused in the atmosphere but below boiling temperature) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :hasMainComponentSubstance ] . :WaterWave :ldoce "wave" ; :wnsense "wave1n" ; :wordnet "wave" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :WaveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Part of the surface of a BodyOfWater that protrudes above the remainder of the surface. This Object moves, and therefore the actual matter that constitutes any given wave ridge changes, just as any part of a River changes. Corresponds to Cyc 'Wave-Liquid' CYC: the bumps that form on the top surface of liquids of sufficient volume in response to wind impact or vibration. One doesn't see waves on raindrops mists or very thin films of water on your windshield, does one?. One does see waves on anything from oceans to gas in a gas tank to cups of water. Because of its motion, a WaterWave is considered as a 'DynamicObject' - motion is part of its identity. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'wave' in WordNet: 1. (40) wave, moving ridge - (one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DynamicObject, :MovingWater, :Wave-Liquid, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingOnTheWaterSurface ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterSurface ; owl:onProperty :movesRelativeTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ; owl:someValuesFrom :WaterSurface ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :BodyOfWater ] . :WaterWaves :en "water waves", "waves" ; :enn "water waves" ; :ennp "waves" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WaterWaves'' is a Group of multiple ''WaterWave''s, conspicuous most often in the Ocean but also in large Lakes.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pair, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :WaterWaves ; owl:minCardinality "3" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :WaterWell :guid "c0fce389-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a well for extracting groundwater. NOTE that a WaterWell is a source of fresh water ('Water-Fresh') but is not necessarily a source of PotableWater, since well water may be contaminated and therefore not potable.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Well, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water-Fresh ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :WaterWorks :wnsense "waterworks2n" ; :wordnet "waterworks" ; a :HolderType, :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''StorageFacility'' where a ''WaterCompany'' stores water, closer to the place where it is used than is a reservoir that supplies the water (if they differ). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waterworks' in WordNet: 2. waterworks - (workplace where water is stored and purified and distributed for a community) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlaceOfBusiness, :WaterStorageObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WaterCompany ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ] . :Watercraft :guid "bd58c685-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "craft2n", "watercraft2n" ; :wordnet "craft", "watercraft" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """In OpenCyc called 'WaterTransportationDevice'. A Watercraft is any artifact designed to move on or under the water, or in the case of a ''Hovercraft'', just above the surface of the water, including things like water skis and surfboards. This is the broadest category of things used in any way to transport objects or people on, under, or just above the water in any manner. This is an ''AgentiveArtifact'' because it can said to 'do' things in agentive sentence or proposition structures.. Cyc: A specialization of #$TransportationDevice, each instance of which is a device used for transportation on or through water. (It is thus not to be confused with a collection of devices used for transporting water.) Specializations of #$WaterTransportationDevice include #$Ship and #$Sailboard. A particularly important specialization is #$Watercraft : the collection of water transportation devices that protect their passengers from getting wet. See also the second-order collection #$WaterVehicleTypeByDesign. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watercraft' and part of noun sense 2 of 'craft' (for water, not air craft) in Wordnet: 2. vessel, watercraft - (a craft designed for water transportation) WN noun 'craft': 2. (1) craft - (a vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentiveArtifact, :HexalateralObject, :TransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MovingOnOrUnderWater ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ] . :Watercraft-Small :guid "bf32ecf8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "small boat1n" ; :wordnet "small boat" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A small (human scale) surface ''Boat''. CYC: #$Watercraft-Small is a specialization of #$Watercraft-Surface. Each instance of #$Watercraft-Small is a watercraft so small that the usual posture of a person in the boat is sitting, since standing in a small watercraft may capsize it or one may fall out of the boat. A few examples are #$Raft, #$Canoe, and #$Lifeboat. This collection is disjoint with #$Watercraft-Subsurface. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'small boat' in WordNet: 1. small boat - (a boat that is small) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boat, :HumanScaleObject, :Watercraft-Surface . :Watercraft-Subsurface :guid "bf7b8b03-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Watercraft. Each instance of #$Watercraft-Subsurface is a vehicle designed to travel underwater. Note that since some instances of #$Watercraft-Subsurface are also designed to travel across the surfaces of bodies of water, the collections #$Watercraft-Subsurface and #$Watercraft-Surface (q.v.) are not disjoint.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Vessel, :Watercraft . :Watercraft-Surface a :TransportationDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Watercraft. Each instance of #$Watercraft-Surface is a watercraft designed to travel across the suface of a body of water. Note that instances of #$Watercraft-Surface need not be designed to travel _exclusively_ across the surface of a body of water, since some instances may also be designed to travel under the surface of a body of water (for example, instances of #$Submarine are designed to travel in both these ways). Notable specializations of #$Watercraft-Surface include #$Canoe, #$Ferry, #$Motorboat, and #$OceanLiner.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Watercraft . :Waterfall :guid "bd58f4fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "waterfall" ; :wnsense "falls2n", "waterfall1n" ; :wordnet "falls", "waterfall" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """part of a stream where the water falls off over an edge. Some vertical drop is required, otherwise it is a cataract. RHW 'fall' (noun): 5. Usually, falls. a cataract or waterfall. sNOTE: this ynonym not added until neeeded - potential for misunderstanding Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waterfall' in WordNet: 1. (3) waterfall, falls - (a steep descent of the water of a river) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, :EnergySource, :FlowPath, :StreamSection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RapidlyFlowingWater ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cliff ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Waterfowl :guid "bd5f4398-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "water bird1n", "waterbird1n", "waterfowl1n" ; :wordnet "water bird", "waterbird", "waterfowl" ; a :BiologicalOrderType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all waterfowl, i.e. #$Birds of the #$BiologicalOrder Anseriformes. Fresh water in WordNet?? Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'waterfowl' in WordNet: 1. waterfowl, water bird, waterbird - (freshwater aquatic bird) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AquaticBird, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbilityToSwim ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :Waterfront :wnsense "waterfront1n" ; :wordnet "waterfront" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'waterfront' in WordNet: 1. (1) waterfront - (the area of a city (such as a harbor or dockyard) alongside a body of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CityArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :isAdjacentTo ] . :WateringCan :wnsense "watering can1n", "watering pot1n" ; :wordnet "watering can", "watering pot" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A portable container with a handle that can be metal, plastic, or ceramic, used for watering plants, usually house plants in pots. For larger-scale watering a ''GardenHose'' is typically used. This does not necessarily have a perforated nozzle - it may have a long spout. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watering can' in WordNet: 1. watering can, watering pot - (a container with a handle and a spout with a perforated nozzle; used to sprinkle water over plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :ConcaveObject, :LiquidContainer, :PortableObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :LoopedHandle ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WateringPlants ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToContain ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spout ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :WateringPlants :wnsense "water1v" ; :wordnet "water" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WateringPlants'' is intentionally Directing ''Water'' by pourng or by spraying, to direct it at some Plant or the ground around it to supply the Plant(s) with water. Corresponds to part of verb sense (which seems to be for large farms) 1 of 'water' in WordNet: 1. (3) water, irrigate - (supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams; 'Water the fields') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :Wetting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :PlantType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GardenHose ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WateringCan ; owl:onProperty :mayUseInstrument ] . :Watermelon :guid "bd58a71d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "watermelon2n" ; :wordnet "watermelon" ; a :FruitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Individual melon, the fruit of a watermelon plant. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'watermelon' in WordNet: 2. watermelon - (large oblong or roundish melon with a hard green rind and sweet watery red or occasionally yellowish pulp) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Melon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WatermelonPlant ; owl:onProperty :isTheFruitOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitRind ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :WatermelonPlant :guid "bd58a760-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "watermelon1n" ; :wordnet "watermelon" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual watermelon plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watermelon' in WordNet: 1. watermelon, watermelon vine, Citrullus vulgaris - (an African melon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MelonPlant . :Waterproof :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Waterproofing ; :wnsense "rainproof1adj", "waterproof1adj", "waterproofed1adj" ; :wordnet "rainproof", "waterproof", "waterproofed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Waterproof' can apply to almost any kind of Object or substance (e.g. sheet-like solid substances). NOTE that the adjective ''Waterproof'' is usually used for objects that do not allow water to get *in*; whereas ''Leakproof'' is for containers that do not allow water to get *out*. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'waterproof' in Wordnet: 1. (1) rainproof, waterproof, waterproofed - (not permitting the passage of water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Waterproofing :wnsense "waterproof1v" ; :wordnet "waterproof" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that ''Waterproofing'' is a sealing that makes an object resistant to allowing water to get in. For a 'sealing' that prevents water from getting out, 'Leakproofing' would be more appropriate. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'waterproof' in WordNet: 1. waterproof - (make watertight; 'Waterproof the coat') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SealingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waterproof ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Watershed :wnsense "divide2n", "water parting1n", "watershed1n" ; :wordnet "divide", "water parting", "watershed" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ This is the intangible line that runs along some high ground where rain goes to one or the other of two ''AdjacentDrainageBasins''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watershed' in WordNet: 1. (1) watershed, water parting, divide - (a ridge of land that separates two adjacent river systems) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BoundaryLine, :GeographicalLine-Intangible, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ; owl:someValuesFrom :AdjacentDrainageBasins ] . :Watertight :wnsense "watertight1adj" ; :wordnet "watertight" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watertight' in WordNet: 1. watertight - (not allowing water to pass in or out) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impermeable . :Waterway :wnsense "watercourse3n", "waterway2n" ; :wordnet "watercourse", "waterway" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'waterway' in WordNet: 2. watercourse, waterway - (a conduit through which water flows) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, :PathArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ShippingByWater ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Watery :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Water ; :wnsense "watery1adj" ; :wordnet "watery" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'watery' in Wordnet: 1. (1) watery - (filled with water; 'watery soil') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Watt :wnsense "watt1n" ; :wordnet "watt" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI power measure. Symbol: W. A UnitOfMeasure that measures power, i.e. energy produced or expended divided by TimeDuration. It is the power which gives rise to the production of energy (or work) at the rate of one Joule per 'OneSecond'. Watt = J/s = m^2*kg*s^(-3). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'watt' in Wordnet: 1. (2) watt, W - (a unit of power equal to 1 joule per second; the power dissipated by a current of 1 ampere flowing across a resistance of 1 ohm) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity, :PowerUnit . :Wave :ldoce "wave" ; :wnsense "wave7n" ; :wordnet "wave" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for a ''Wave'' as an Object - the matter that curves up and down in a shape that can be called a 'wave' - as in water, hair, or, at ball games when people 'do the wave', the people in a line whose bodies and arms form a sort of wave formation. For electromagenetic or sound waves, this would be the electric fields or variably compressed fluid that exist within some volume of space where the wavr is being propagated. This is what is 'emitted' in a 'WavePropagationEvent'. @@ToDo: NOTE: this might be better represented as a thing 'created' by a wave emitting event, rather than 'emitted'. Rethink!! COSMO note: waves are constantly moving, but this type only represents a wave at one point in time. Corresponds most closely but only approximately to to noun sense 7 of 'wave' in WordNet: 7. wave, undulation - (an undulating curve) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConvexTangibleObject . :Wave-Liquid :guid "c0f2a798-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wave" ; :wnsense "wave1n" ; :wordnet "wave" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """the bumps that form on the top surface of liquids of sufficient volume in response to wind impact or vibration. One doesn't see waves on raindrops mists or very thin films of water on your windshield, does one?. One does see waves on anything from oceans to gas in a gas tank to cups of water. COSMO note: waves are constantly moving, but this type only represents a wave ***at one point in time.*** For waves in water,use 'WaterWave'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wave' in WordNet: 1. (40) wave, moving ridge - (one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Surface-Physical, :Wave, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LiquidSubstance ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :WaveIntensityMeasure :en "wave intensity" ; :enn "wave intensity" ; a :QuantitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WaveIntensityMeasure the intensity of some wave phenomenon The measures will only be expressible in units when the specific type of wave is known. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableQuantity . :WavePropagationEvent :CYC "WavePropagation" ; :eng "radiating" ; :guid "c10080f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "radiate1v", "radiate5v", "radiate7v" ; :wordnet "radiate" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Event in which some wavelike oscillating disturbance of a medium, *after* emission from a source (this does not include any ''Emission'' Event that creates the wave), is propagated through the medium; although the medium itself (as with water) may not be translocated, the wavelike pattern moves in a translational manner. The emission and the propagation of a wave can be viewed as *separate* aspects of a wave phenomenon, and in COSMO 'EmittingaWave' is represented separately from the WavePropagationEvent represented by this type. Although emission and propagation may occur simultaneously, as with light, the two aspects of wave phenomena are represented separately. COSMO Note: OpenCyc calls this just 'WavePropagation', and treats a Wave Propagation as an Event, in which case it has beginning and end time points. This is just the propagation: the emission event that creates the wave is not included in this category. Cyc: A specialization of #$Translocation (q.v.). Each instance of #$WavePropagation is an event in which a wavelike disturbance propagates through space, with or without a medium. A wave propagation is like a translational movement (see #$Movement-TranslationEvent) in that it can have both a starting and an ending point (see #$fromLocation and #$toLocation), but differs from a translational motion in that there is no object moving (see #$objectMoving). Notable specializations of #$WavePropagation include #$ElectromagneticRadiation and #$Sound. In SUMO,approximately equivalent to 'Radiating' SUMO: Processes in which some form of electromagnetic radiation, e.g. radio waves, light waves, electrical energy, etc., is given off or absorbed by something else. NOTE that the SUMO documentation only speaks of EM radiation, but the SUMO subtype 'RadiatingSound' makes it clear that all types of radiation should be considered as within this category. Includes verb senses 1, 5, and 7 of 'radiate' in Wordnet: 1. (2) radiate - (send out rays or waves; 'The sun radiates heat') 5. radiate - (cause to be seen by emitting light as if in rays; 'The sun is radiating') 7. radiate - (issue or emerge in rays or waves; 'Heat radiated from the metal box') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translocation . :WaveType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WaveType'' is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for The Object having an undulating shape that is created by an ''EmittingaWave'' Event.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentType, :PhysicalObjectType . :Wavelength :wnsense "wavelength1n" ; :wordnet "wavelength" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wavelength'' is a subtype of ''LengthMeasure'' for ''WavePropagationEvent''s that measures the distance between the 'peaks' of the wave. for certain waves,such as ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent''s the 'peaks may not themselves be readily observeded, and the conversely correlated ''Frequency'' (some dimensionless number times a ''FrequencyUnit'') may be more easily measured. NOTE: for an ''ElectromagneticRadiationEvent'' in a vacuum, the ''Wavelength'' will be the ''SpeedOfLight'' divided by the ''Frequency'' (when the time units are the same in both measures). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wavelength' in WordNet: 1. (25) wavelength - (the distance (measured in the direction of propagation) between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasUnit ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetricUnitOfLength ] . :Wavy :en "undulating" ; :wnsense "wavy1adj" ; :wordnet "wavy" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wavy'' is the property of an Object or Substance that has a shape resembling the alternating up and down progression across the waves of the ocean - must be long, and usually aso thin. Used commonly to describe ''HumanHair'' in a particular shape or style, Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wavy' in WordNet: 1. (2) wavy - (of hair in waves; 'she had long wavy hair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curved, :Round . :WavyHair :wnsense "wave6n" ; :wordnet "wave" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WavyHair'' is the substance ''Hair'' on the Head of a Human that has an unduating shape, which is usually its natural shape but may be created by a process that can create waves (without curling?). Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'wave' in WordNet: 6. (1) wave - (a hairdo that creates undulations in the hair) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HairDo, :SolidSubstance, :SubstanceInaSpecificShape, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wavy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wax :guid "bd58b409-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wax1n" ; :wordnet "wax" ; a :ChemicalSubstanceType, :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Wax' is any waxy organic material. Types that can be used as a fuel in candles such as paraffin wax or beeswax would be subtypes, but have not yet (rev955) been separately represented. See 'Candle' for one use. SUMO: Any Substance of high molecular weight that resembles beeswax. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wax' in Wordnet: 1. (7) wax - (any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidSubstance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Insoluble ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Waxy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WaxedPaper :en "waxed paper" ; :guid "c1009a09-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasShape :SheetLike ; :wnsense "wax paper1n" ; :wordnet "wax paper" ; a :SubstanceShapeType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WaxedPaper is the Substance consisting of an inner core of paper, covered on both sides by a waxy coating, in the form of a thin sheet. Cyc: Paper that has been coated or permeated with wax, so that it is resistant to water and oil. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wax paper' in WordNet: 1. wax paper - (paper that has been waterproofed by treatment with wax of paraffin) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :SheetlikeSubstance, :WrapperStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Paper ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wax ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :Waxing :isAnAttributeValueOf :EarthsMoon ; :wnsense "waxing1adj" ; :wordnet "waxing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'waxing' in Wordnet: 1. waxing - ((of the moon) pertaining to the period during which the visible surface of the moon increases; 'the waxing moon passes from new to full') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Increasing . :WaxingEvent :wnsense "waxing2n" ; :wordnet "waxing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WaxingEvent'' is a gradual ''IncreaseEvent'', in size, intensity, importance, or other quality of an Object or Event. Corresponds to noun sense of 'waxing' in WordNet: 2. waxing - (a gradual increase in magnitude or extent; 'the waxing of the moon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Action, :IncreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gradual ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Waxy :wnsense "waxy2adj" ; :wordnet "waxy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :TextureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Having a surface that is somewhat slippery (but not enough to qualify as ''Slippery'', and somewhat reflectant, though not shiny. Having the surface character of a ''Wax''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'waxy' in WordNet: 2. waxlike, wax-coated, waxy, ceraceous - (resembling or covered with wax; 'as shiny as a waxy pippin'; 'the ceraceous surface of the leaves') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositionAttributeValue, :SurfaceAttributeValue . :Weak :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Weakness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Strength ; :isTheOppositeOf :Strong ; :ldoce "weak" ; :wnsense "weak12adj", "weak1adj", "weak6adj", "weak7adj", "weak9adj" ; :wordnet "weak" ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most general sense of 'weak' meaning that the entity that is Weak has less than average capability to cause some effect that can be caused by entities of that type. This includes muscular strength of animals, power of artifacts to perform tasks, and intensity of things like radiation that may exert effects. The more specific senses depend linguistically on the entity that is modified' 'Weak' is classified as a subtype of 'Limitation', i.e. a negative capability, defined more by what cannot be done than what can be done. For 'weak' meaning 'faint' as intensity of light or other perceptible phenomena, use 'WeakIntensity'. This type does not include 'Weak' to represent concentrations of some solution (i.e. 'dilute'), or odors, or the effectiveness of medicines or other chemicals. That will be represented by a different attribute (not done as of rev885). Includes but is not limited to senses 1, 6, 7, 9, and 12 of 'weak' in WordNet: 1. (15) weak - (having little physical or spiritual strength; 'a weak link') 6. weak - (deficient or lacking in some skill; 'he's weak in spelling') 7. decrepit, debile, feeble, infirm, rickety, sapless, weak, weakly - (lacking physical strength or vitality; 'a feeble old woman'; 'her body looked sapless') 9. weak - (not having authority, political strength, or governing power; 'a weak president') 12. weak - (deficient in intelligence or mental power; 'a weak mind') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :QualitativeAttributeValue . :WeakForce :wnsense "weak force1n" ; :wordnet "weak force" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''WeakForce'' is a ''PhysicalForce'' that interacts very weakly with matter, and is produced by events in atomic nuclei. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weak force' in WordNet: 1. weak interaction, weak force - ((physics) an interaction between elementary particles involving neutrinos or antineutrinos that is responsible for certain kinds of radioactive decay; mediated by intermediate vector bosons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttractiveForce, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neutrino ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ] . :Weakening :wnsense "weaken1v", "weaken2v" ; :wordnet "weaken" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Weakening'' is a ''CausingAnAttributeChange'' in which some object(s) become ''Weaker''. Corresponds to transitive verb sense 1 of 'weaken' in WordNet: 1. (6) weaken - (lessen the strength of; 'The fever weakened his body') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnAttributeChange, :DecreaseEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weaker ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Strength ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BecomingWeaker ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :WeakeningOfBones :en "bone weakening", "weakening of bones" ; :enn "bone weakening", "weakening of bones" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WeakeningOfBones'' is a Physioogical process in which the bones of an Organism become weaker, usually as a result of ''Osteoporousis''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weakening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Bone ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Porous ; owl:onProperty :subjectBecomes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Porous ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Osteoporosis ; owl:onProperty :mayBeCausedBy ] . :Weaker :en "weaker" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Weakening ; :isTheOppositeOf :Stronger ; a :CapabilityType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Weaker'' is the comparative form of ''Weak''. As an attribute value, this means that the Object with this attribute has *less* strength (of a certain type) than either (1) another object, or (2) the same object at a different time, prior to a ''Weakening'' Event.. No comparative sense is explicitly represented in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntensiveAttributeValue, :Limitation . :Weakness :agentHasAttribute :Weak ; :en "being weak" ; :wnsense "weakness3n", "weakness4n" ; :wordnet "weakness" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The most general sense of 'weakness', being the state of being 'Weak' or 'WeakIntensity' in any of its senses, applicable to physical entities as well as animate things. See 'Weak' for more detail. Includes but is not limited to senses 3 and 4 of 'weakness' in WordNet: 3. (2) weakness - (the property of lacking physical or mental strength; liability to failure under pressure or stress or strain; 'his weakness increased as he became older'; 'the weakness of the span was overlooked until it collapsed') 4. weakness - (the condition of being financially weak; 'the weakness of the dollar against the yen') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weak ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Wealth :guid "bd58afb3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wealth3n" ; :wordnet "wealth" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$SomethingExisting. Each instance of #$LiquidAsset is either an instance of #$Currency or some asset that is readily convertible to currency by selling or borrowing against it. Examples of #$LiquidAssets include stocks, bonds, and money market accounts. NOTE: the difference between this and parent type ''Riches'' is that ''Wealth'' is owned by an individal ''Person''. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'wealth' in WordNet: 3. (1) wealth, riches - (an abundance of material possessions and resources) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Riches, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ] . :Wealthiness :wnsense "wealth1n", "wealthiness1n" ; :wordnet "wealth", "wealthiness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Wealthiness'' is a ''HavingWealth'' in which a Person has great wealth, in the top one percent of accumulated wealth (in a developed country). The Agent of this situation is considered ''Fortunate' even if s/he achieved wealth as a result of great skill and hard work, as wealth for anyone requires a lot of work by a lot of people, not only the agent that acquires it, and is not the inevitable result of personal effort. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wealthiness' in WordNet: 1. wealth, wealthiness - (the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money; 'great wealth is not a sign of great intelligence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingWealth, :Prosperity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Outstanding ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fortunate ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wealthy ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] . :Wealthy :isAnAttributeValueOf :FinancialStatus, :Person ; :isMoreIntenseThan :Well-off ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Wealth ; :isTheOppositeOf :Poor ; :ldoce "rich" ; :wnsense "affluent1adj", "flush2adj", "loaded4adj", "moneyed2adj", "rich1adj", "wealthy1adj" ; :wordnet "affluent", "flush", "loaded", "moneyed", "rich", "wealthy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a Person (group, organization) who is wealthy, i.e. who owns a Fortune (''Wealth''), after accounting for offsetting liabilities. Synonyms are 'rich' and 'affluent'. A Person with this attribute has more money than one who is just ''Well-off''. 'wealthy' is a synonym for 'rich' in one sense, in Random House Webster and in Longman's: RHW 'rich' 1. having wealth or great possessions; abundantly supplied with resources, means, or funds; wealthy: a rich man; a rich nation. Longman 'wealthy': 1. having a lot of money, possessions etc [= rich] Longman also provides a usage distinction: Wealthy is a slightly more formal word meaning rich, especially over a long period of time: 'He came from a wealthy family.' But in WordNet there is no direct connection between the two adjectives, though the definitions are similar. In general use, it seems that 'wealthy' is often interpreted as being more than merely 'rich', as in the WordNet quote: 'not merely rich but loaded'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wealthy' and sense 1 of 'affluent' and sense 1 of 'rich' in WordNet 1. (3) affluent, flush, loaded, moneyed, wealthy - (having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value; 'an affluent banker'; 'a speculator flush with cash'; 'not merely rich but loaded'; 'moneyed aristocrats'; 'wealthy corporations') 1. (17) rich - (possessing material wealth; 'her father is extremely rich'; 'many fond hopes are pinned on rich uncles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Well-off . :WealthyPerson :wnsense "have1n", "man of means1n", "rich man1n", "rich person1n", "wealthy man1n", "wealthy person1n" ; :wordnet "have", "man of means", "rich man", "rich person", "wealthy man", "wealthy person" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WealthyPerson'' is a Person who is ''Wealthy''. This is a Role and is true only in some time period. The amount of assets needed to qualify varies and is fuzzy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'rich man' and noun sense 1 of 'wealthy person' in WordNet: 1. rich person, wealthy person, have - (a person who possesses great material wealth) WN noun 'rich man': 1. (2) man of means, rich man, wealthy man - (a man who is wealthy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wealthy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wealthiness ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] ; owl:disjointWith :PoorPerson . :Weaned :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Weaning ; :wnsense "weaned1adj" ; :wordnet "weaned" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Weaned'' is the attribute of an animal that has completed the ''weaning'' process and is independent of its mother's milk (''MothersMilk''). This represents the literal meaning. The word 'wean'and weaned' is also used figuratively to describe becoming independent of or losing a habituation to something. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'weaned' in WordNet: 1. weaned - (freed of dependence on something especially (for mammals) mother's milk; 'the just-weaned calf bawled for its mother') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotDependent, :PastParticiple . :Weaning :wnsense "ablactate1v", "wean1v" ; :wordnet "ablactate", "wean" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Weaning'' is a ''Withholding'' of ''MothersMilk'' and subsituting other foods so that a young mammal will become independent of the mother for food. . Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wean' in WordNet: 1. (1) wean, ablactate - (gradually deprive (infants and young mammals) of mother's milk; 'she weaned her baby when he was 3 months old and started him on powdered milk'; 'The kitten was weaned and fed by its owner with a bottle') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depriving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MothersMilk ; owl:onProperty :hasThingKept ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weaned ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Weapon :guid "bd58fc57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "weapon" ; :wnsense "weapon1n" ; :wordnet "weapon" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subcollection of #$Artifact, instances of which are primarily designed as instruments for disabling, physically harming, or destroying animals (often humans), buildings, or other #$ConstructionArtifacts. Subcollections of #$Weapon include #$LethalWeapon, #$NonlethalWeapon, #$Gun-Portable, #$Bomb, and #$Napalm. Also included are various types of military hardware used to kill, destroy, or immobilize. Note that in the case of weapons which are 'fired' or otherwise distributed, both the launcher and the unit of ammunition are considered #$Weapons in this sense. E.g. a bow, an arrow, a missile launcher, an ICBM, a weapons-grade sprayer, a cloud of mustard gas, a gun, and a bullet are all #$Weapons. Non-artifacts and artifacts designed for some other purpose (as a found rock or brick) may be used as weapons, but are not instances of the collection, #$Weapon. note: this is not necessarily a ''PhysicalObject'' (e.g. poison gas or software). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weapon' in WordNet: 1. (29) weapon, arm, weapon system - (any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting; 'he was licensed to carry a weapon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-Generic, :DangerousTangibleThing, :Resource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AbilityToCauseDamage ; owl:onProperty :hasCapability ] . :WeaponOfMassDestruction :guid "bd726f11-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "W.M.D.1n", "WMD1n", "weapon of mass destruction1n" ; :wordnet "W.M.D.", "WMD", "weapon of mass destruction" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Weapons which have massive destructive power. Deployment of these #$Weapons impacts a much larger area than conventional weapons and results in much more structural damage and/or loss of life. Damage caused by instances of #$WeaponOfMassDestruction is not specific; friendly troops, civilians, and plant and animal life are as likely to be harmed as the intended target. #$Mine-Weapons are a borderline example in this collection. SUMO: Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. What these weapons have in common is that they are designed to kill large numbers of people indiscriminately. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weapon of mass destruction' in WordNet: 1. weapon of mass destruction, WMD, W.M.D. - (a weapon that kills or injures civilian as well as military personnel (nuclear and chemical and biological weapons)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LethalWeapon, :MilitaryWeapon . :WeaponOfMassDestructionAttack :guid "beeb8fcd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any MilitaryAttack in which a weapon of mass destruction is used such as NuclearAttack, BiologicalAttack, or ChemicalAttack. COSMO note: the qualification of this as 'military' in Cyc would seem to eliminate the notion of small groups or individuals getting hold of a WMD like poison gas. Does the tokyo subway gas attack qualify as 'military'??""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttackOnObject, :MilitaryAttack, :UsingAnObject . :WeaponSystem :en "weapon system" ; :enn "weapon system" ; :guid "be35a58a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of both #$MilitaryHardware and #$SystemOfDevices. Each instance of #$WeaponSystem is a piece of military hardware which has a weapon as an important part, but which also has other significant parts -- such as communication devices, sensors, or devices (e.g., an internal combustion engine and wheels) for moving the weapon system. Notable specializations of #$WeaponSystem include #$Tank-Vehicle and #$CombatAircraft. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :MilitaryWeapon, :System . :WeaponsPlatform :wnsense "platform4n" ; :wordnet "platform" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A WeaponsPlatform is a Platform whose primary purpose is to provide a support where weapons may be used. It is therefore a military platform, even if used by someone not affiliated with a military organization. Every Warship, tank, and armed aricraft is a WeaponsPlatform. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'platform' in Wordnet: 4. platform, weapons platform - (any military structure or vehicle bearing weapons) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Platform-Military, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weapon ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ] . :WearableItem a :ClothingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''PortableObject'' that can be worn on the body of an Animal, human or non-human, or on the exterior of a mobile Robotic device. This is The SUMO term for 'SomethingToWear'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :Device-SingleUser, :PortableObject, :SolidObject . :Weariness :wnsense "fatigue1n", "tiredness1n", "weariness1n" ; :wordnet "fatigue", "tiredness", "weariness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Weariness' is an internal Sensation which causes an urge to relax, either physically or mentally. This Feeling has several levels of intensity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weariness',sense 1 of 'tiredness' and sense 1 of 'fatigue' in WordNet; 'fatigue' is usually interpreted as more intense than just 'weariness' but these words are not sufficiently distinct in meaning to differentiate them logically. in WordNet: 1. (2) fatigue, weariness, tiredness - (temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work; 'he was hospitalized for extreme fatigue'; 'growing fatigue was apparent from the decline in the execution of their athletic skills'; 'weariness overcame her after twelve hours and she fell asleep') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodySensation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tired ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :WearingDownFromUse :CYC "WearAndTear" ; :en "wear and tear" ; :guid "bd58fe9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wear" ; :wnsense "wear down1v", "wear off1v", "wear out3v", "wear thin1v", "wear4v" ; :wordnet "wear", "wear down", "wear off", "wear out", "wear thin" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WearingDownFromUse'' is an Event in which the surface of some ArtifactObject is abraded noticeably while it is being used. CYC 'WearAndTear': The process of wear and tear that occur as a result of usage Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wear down' in WordNet: 2. wear, wear off, wear out, wear down, wear thin - (deteriorate through use or stress; 'The constant friction wore out the cloth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbradingSomething, :Rubbing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceOnTangibleObject ] . :WearingFashionableClothing :en "wearing fashionable clothing" ; :enn "wearing fashionable clothing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WearingFashionableClothing''is the action of ''WearingSomething'' where the 'something' is a ''FashionableClothing'' of any type and any level of popularity. This type assumes that ''WearingFashionableClothing'' is being ''Fashionable'' - which is a vague attribute. This is vague enough to include wearing dated clothing intentionally for some purpose, such as at a reunion or an era celebration. For example, in the 2000's wearing jeans with knees worn out is apparently ''Fashionable'' among many teens. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WearingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FashionableClothing ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectSupported ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Person ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fashionable ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fashionable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WearingGloves :ldoce "wear" ; :wnsense "wear1v", "wear2v" ; :wordnet "wear" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WearingGloves''is a ''WearingSomething'' in which the 'something' is a ''PairOfGloves'', worn on both hands.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WearingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PairOfGloves ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectSupported ] . :WearingSomething :guid "bd589e09-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wear" ; :wnsense "bear9v", "have on1v", "wear1n", "wear1v", "wear2v", "wearing2n" ; :wordnet "bear", "have on", "wear", "wearing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$Configuration. Each instance of #$WearingSomething is an arrangement of tangible objects, one of which is wearing the other(s). Typically the wearer is a lfiving person or animal, although surrogates are possible (e.g., mannequins, dolls, or corpses). Objects worn are instances of #$SomethingToWear (q.v.). See also #$wearer, #$wearsClothing, #$itemWorn. The thing worn can be specified by the relation ''hasObjectSupported''. NOTE that 'WearingSomething' is a subtype of ''TouchingState'' (a 'ContinuousPhysicalContactSituation'') so every item worn must be 'contacted' in that sense, which could be indirectly through some other item of clothing (as wearing a pin on a lapel).. To wear an item is a ''TouchingState'' which is not the act of bringing things into contact, but the ''PersistentState'' that results from that act of making contact. The kinds of things that can be 'worn' are varied, so the only restriction is that it be some type or instance of PhysicalObject. (medals, clothing, guns, feathered headdresses, whatever can be carried on the body). This type may also be expressed as a relation: 'isWearing'; but the logical relations between the relation and this Action need FOL to express; 'isWearing' has an agent as the subject, but this is an Action. @ToDo. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 and 9 of 'wear' in WordNetl sense 9 could be made distinct ('DonningClothing'), but to have something on also implies that one put something on. @ToDo: in WordNet: 1. (85) wear, have on - (be dressed in; 'She was wearing yellow that day') 2. (22) wear, bear - (have on one's person; 'He wore a red ribbon'; 'bear a scar') WN noun 'wearing': 2. wear, wearing - (the act of having on your person as a covering or adornment; 'she bought it for everyday wear') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Possession, :SupportingSomething, :TouchingState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectSupported ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :WearingaCostume :en "wearing a costume" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WearingaCostume''is a ''WearingSomething'' in which the 'something' is a ''Costume'', complete or partial, worn over any part of the Body; this is to pretend to be some Person or thing other than oneself, for any purpose. This is general for any costume, and does not have to be part of an ''Acting'' - it can be for any humorous or serious purpose. See also ''Masquerading'' for more serious costume-wearing. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WearingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Costume ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectSupported ] . :WearingaCowboyHat :ldoce "wear" ; :wnsense "wear1v", "wear2v" ; :wordnet "wear" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WearingaCowboyHat''is a ''WearingSomething'' in which the 'something' is a ''CowboyHat''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WearingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CowboyHat ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectSupported ] . :WearingaMask a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WearingaMask''is a ''WearingSomething'' in which the 'something' is a ''Mask'', worn over the Eyes or the whole Face.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WearingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mask ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectSupported ] . :WearingaUniform :en "wearing a uniform" ; :enn "wearing a uniform" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WearingaUniform''is the action of ''WearingSomething'' where the 'something' is a ''Uniform'' of any type. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WearingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uniform ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectSupported ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uniformed ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Weasel :guid "bd58d117-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "weasel1n" ; :wordnet "weasel" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weasel' in Wordnet: 1. weasel - (small carnivorous mammal with short legs and elongated body and neck) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mustelidae . :WeatherAttributeValue a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' is an AttributeValue that describes the weather process that is occurring in some interval of time, especially a Day.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :WeatherBalloon :en "weather balloon" ; :enn "weather balloon" ; :guid "bd58b3ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "meteorological balloon1n" ; :wordnet "meteorological balloon" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WeatherBalloon'' is a ''Balloon'' capable of rising into the upper atmosphere that carries devices (e.g. a ''Radiosonde'') to measure weather conditions and transmit that information back to earth via radio waves. CYC 'MeteorologicalBalloon': The collection of meteorological tools consisting of gas-filled #$Balloons connected to small boxes of #$Sensors called #$Radiosondes. These balloons are released and float to the upper atmosphere, where they record temperature, pressure, wind speed, and humidity. The balloon breaks, and the radiosonde falls back to earth, supported by a parachute. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meteorological balloon' in WordNet: 1. meteorological balloon - (a small unmanned balloon set aloft to observe atmospheric conditions) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Balloon, :Bladder, :LighterThanAirCraft, :UnmannedAircraft, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToMeasure ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemperatureMeasure :ImmediateWeatherProcess :WeatherType ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Radiosonde ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToTransport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rubber ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :WeatherEvent :guid "bd58b679-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "weather" ; :wnsense "weather1n" ; :wordnet "weather" ; a :EnvironmentType, :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is for weather on Earth only. This is a general sense including both general weather conditions and specific local weather events. For specific local weather events, see the subtypes of 'ImmediateWeatherProcess'. Cyc: A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$WeatherEvent is a meteorological event of some duration, occurring over some spatial region. Some weather events are almost instantaneous (for example, instances of the collection #$LightningEvent), while others are quite lengthy (for example, instances of the collection #$AnnualClimateCycle). Spatially, weather events may cover a small locality or a large portion of a continent. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weather' in WordNet: 1. (20) weather, weather condition, atmospheric condition - (the meteorological conditions: temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation; 'they were hoping for good weather'; 'every day we have weather conditions and yesterday was no exception') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :EarthsAtmosphere ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :WeatherForecast :wnsense "weather forecast1n" ; :wordnet "weather forecast" ; a :PropositionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WeatherForecast' is a 'Prediction' about some expected future 'WeatherEvent', which usually includes current and recent past weather conditions as part of (and justification for) the prediction. NOTE that a 'Prediction' may be uncertain and have a probability value attached to it, and that can be asserted by the use of the 'hasProbability' relation. NOTE that the Cyc class 'WeatherForecast-Basic-TemplateType' does not seem to have the same semantics as this class, and is not equated here. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weather forecast' in WordNet: 1. weather forecast, weather outlook - (a forecast of the weather) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Prognosis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureWeatherEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToFutureSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :FutureWeatherEvent ] . :WeatherSatellite :guid "bdef1de8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "meteorological satellite1n", "weather satellite1n" ; :wordnet "meteorological satellite", "weather satellite" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all artificial satellites (#$Satellite-Device) which are designed for collecting data on the weather of the #$AstronomicalBody which they orbit (#$orbits) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weather satellite' in WordNet: 1. weather satellite, meteorological satellite - (a satellite that transmits frequent picture of the earth below) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSatellite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Earth ; owl:onProperty :orbits ] . :WeatherType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''GoalType'' is a metaclass used as the Type restriction on certain relations that take subclasses of ''ImmediateWeatherProcess'' as their argument.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InheritableType . :Weathering :guid "bd5886f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "weather4v" ; :wordnet "weather" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of events. In a #$Weathering event, the physical state of an object is altered due to the action of weather, typically over some extended period of time such as years or decades or centuries or millenia. To undergo a #$Weathering process, the #$objectOfStateChange must be outdoors (or at least exposed to the outdoor weather). The specific processes involved in a particular #$Weathering event depend upon (1) the climate in which the process occurs, and (2) the type of material that the #$objectOfStateChange is made of. One typical effect of a #$Weathering is the removal of paint (and other coatings) from the object, through the action of sun, rain, freezing, and wind. Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'weather' in WordNet: 4. weather - (change under the action or influence of the weather; 'A weathered old hut') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decaying, :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent . :Weaving :guid "be011275-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "weave" ; :wnsense "weave2v", "weaving1n" ; :wordnet "weave", "weaving" ; a :ActionType, :IntelligentActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The process by which filamentlike materials are woven. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weaving' and verb sense 2 of 'weave' in WordNet: 1. weaving - (creating fabric) WN verb 'weave': 2. (2) weave, tissue - (create a piece of cloth by interlacing strands of fabric, such as wool or cotton; 'tissue textiles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Assembling, :Manufacturing, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fabric ; owl:onProperty :typicallyProduces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FabricObject ; owl:onProperty :typicallyProduces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfThread ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thread ; owl:onProperty :hadConsumedObject ] . :WebAccessibleFile a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WebAccessibleFile'' is a ComputerFile stored in .''WebBasedComputer''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerFile-Abstract, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WebBasedServer ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OnLine ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WebBasedServer a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "." ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerServer, :MultipleUserComputer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorldWideWeb ; owl:onProperty :isConnectedTo ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OnLine ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WebBrowser :wnsense "browser2n", "web browser1n" ; :wordnet "browser", "web browser" ; a :SpecificationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WebBrowser'' is a ''ComputerApplicationProgram'' that is used mostly to connects a local computer to other computers on the 'world wide web' and displays computer pages from those web 'sites' on a monitor. A 'browser' can make other functions easy, sich as searching, saving, or printing the information obtained from remote sites. It has as basis a program that can interpret and display HTML documents. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'browser' in WordNet: 2. browser, web browser - (a program used to view HTML documents) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerApplicationProgram . :WebDirectoryPage :guid "c0374992-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type is taken from Cyc, but has been made a subtype of 'GenericWebPage', not a Cyc concept.. Cyc: A collection of WWW pages. Each #$WebDirectoryPage consists primarily of an ordered list of links into other web pages. The links will typically belong to a common subject area or set of subject areas. Some instances of #$WebDirectoryPage are pages within a portal site such as yahoo.com. Others belong to (and are maintained by) other organizations or individuals.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualWork, :GenericWebPage . :WebLike :wnsense "lacy2adj", "netlike1adj", "netted1adj", "webbed2adj", "webby1adj", "weblike1adj" ; :wordnet "lacy", "netlike", "netted", "webbed", "webby", "weblike" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of an Object or substance that is like a ''FreeSheet'', but is formed from many interlaced long and thin objects such as threads (or wires) such that it has many interspersed perceptible holes through the sheet. Includes screening, lacework, spider webs and similar objects or substances. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'webbed' in Wordnet: 2. lacy, netlike, netted, webbed, weblike, webby - (having open interstices or resembling a web) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Porous, :SheetLike . :WebLog :wnsense "blog1n", "web log1n" ; :wordnet "blog", "web log" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WebLog' is a 'WebSite' to which a 'Blogger' adds on or more 'BlogPost's, on a page that is readable with a browser,and is therefore a 'WebPage-AIS'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'web log' in WordNet: 1. web log, blog - (a shared on-line journal where people can post diary entries about their personal experiences and hobbies; \"postings on a blog are usually in chronological order\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WebSite, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WebPage-AIS ; owl:onProperty :containsSymbolicObject ] . :WebPage-AIS :guid "c01f0830-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The subset of #$ComputerFile-AIS whose instances are written in #$HypertextMarkupLanguage. Most instances of #$WebPage-AIS are #$subInformation of the #$WorldWideWeb-DynamicIndexedInfoSource (see #$WorldWideWebPage-AIS). COSMO note: this must be directly addressable on the WWW (have a working URL). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComputerFile-Abstract, :GenericWebPage . :WebServiceEvent a :ActionType, :ServiceEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A WebServiceEvent is a service that is executed by a computer using Web connections between requester and executing conputer. The 'Provider' will typically be an organization or person, and is distinct from the computer used to execute the service. As a Product, a WebServiceEvent has to have a 'maker/manufacturer/creator'. This will be the agent that set up the commoputer to provide the service, whether or not it is for profit. We do not expect computers to providing serives on their own volition; an artifact has to be made by a 'IntentionalAgent'. If at some point certain computers come to be classified as 'IntentionalAgent's, then it may be possible for them to provide services of their own 'volition'.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Product, :ServiceEvent . :WebSite :wnsense "internet site1n", "site3n", "web site1n", "website1n" ; :wordnet "internet site", "site", "web site", "website" ; a :LocationType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WebSite' may be a single page or a domain, or a subdomain such as a blog site (see 'Blog'). This is classified as an 'AbstractDocument' in the sense that it contains information. The whole site may be considered analogous to a book, and a single page may be analogous to a single page in a book. Should add ref to GenericWebPage as included element. 1. web site, website, internet site, site - (a computer connected to the internet that maintains a series of web pages on the World Wide Web; 'the Israeli web site was damaged by hostile hackers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDigitalObject, :AbstractDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericWebPage ] . :WebcamBroadcasting :guid "c1353b79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$InternetBroadcasting. Each instance of this collection is an event whereby a camera transmits images 'live' to a #$WorldWideWebSite.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :InternetBroadcasting, :VisualImageRecording . :Weber :wnsense "Wb1n", "weber1n" ; :wordnet "Wb", "weber" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SI magnetic flux measure. Symbol: Wb. It is the magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an electromotive force of 1 Volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 'OneSecond'. Weber = V*s = m^2*kg*s^(-2)*A^(-1) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weber' in WordNet: 1. weber, Wb - (a unit of magnetic flux equal to 100,000,000 maxwells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionQuantity . :WeddingCeremony :guid "bd58847c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "marriage", "wedding" ; :wnsense "marriage3n", "wedding2n" ; :wordnet "marriage", "wedding" ; a :CustomType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: a 'WeddingCeremony' is the ritual of two people getting married. Two subevents are necessarily included, the act of each person 'taking in matrimony' the other, acts that are mutually dependent; these acts are represented by the COSMO concept 'Marrying', representing the transitive verb 'to marry (someone)'. For many Christians, this Action is part of a ''HolyMatrimony'' ceremony, but there may be a ''WeddingCeremony'' that is performed for friends at a time that differs from the formal and legal oath-taking that legalizes a marriage; this type includes all such associated ceremonies, and they are all considered as part of one and the same ''WeddingCeremony'' - the legal formality, when required,may need an additional entry.. This is the collection of actual wedding ceremonies. Use #$WeddingReception for the party afterwards and #$WeddingEvent-Entire for the whole shebang. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'marriage' and sense 2 of 'wedding', and sense 1 of 'marry' in WordNet: WN 'marriage' 3. (2) marriage, wedding, marriage ceremony - (the act of marrying; the nuptial ceremony; 'their marriage was conducted in the chapel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ceremony, :MakingAnAgreement, :Rite, :RiteOfPassage, :SocialOccurrence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marriage ; owl:onProperty :initiatesState ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marrying ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marrying ; owl:onProperty :occursDuring ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BrideAndGroom ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HolyMatrimony ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveSubEvent ] . :Wedge :guid "c13af9f1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "cuneus1n", "wedge shape1n", "wedge1n" ; :wordnet "cuneus", "wedge", "wedge shape" ; a :GeometricShapeType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType and a specialization of #$Polyhedron. The collection of all wedge-shaped spatial objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of #$Wedge is a polyhedron with five sides, two of which are (parallel, congruent) triangles and three of which are rectangles; any cross-section of a wedge parallel to its two triangular ends is a triangle congruent to those ends. For example, the space occupied by a pup tent is a wedge. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wedge' in WordNet: 1. (1) wedge, wedge shape, cuneus - (any shape that is triangular in cross section) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polyhedron, :ThreeDimensionalFigure-Geometrical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Triangle ; owl:onProperty :hasCrossSectionalShape ] . :Wednesday :wnsense "Wednesday1n" ; :wordnet "Wednesday" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Wednesdays. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Wednesday' in Wordnet: 1. (12) Wednesday, Midweek, Wed - (the fourth day of the week; the third working day) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Weekday . :Wee :isTheOppositeOf :Large ; :wnsense "teeny-weeny1nadj", "wee1adj" ; :wordnet "teeny-weeny", "wee" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Wee'' is also ''Tiny'', but the usage is different. Distinguishing the WordNet synonyms can be done as needed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wee' in WordNet: 1. (3) bitty, bittie, teensy, teentsy, teeny, wee, weeny, weensy, teensy-weensy, teeny-weeny, itty-bitty, itsy-bitsy - ((used informally) very small; 'a wee tot') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tiny . :Weed :wnsense "weed1n" ; :wordnet "weed" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Weed'' is a loose informal category of plants that are undesired by someone and grow without cultivation in some location. Otherwise the type can be any visible plant, but is usually non-woody. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weed' in WordNet: 1. (3) weed - (any plant that crowds out cultivated plants) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Plant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unwanted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :GardenPlant . :Weeding :eng "weeding" ; :guid "bd58ca32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "weed1v" ; :wordnet "weed" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Events in which a person pulls weeds from the ground. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'weed' in WordNet: 1. weed - (clear of weeds; \"weed the garden\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gardening, :RoutineAction, :TakingCareOfSomething, :WithdrawingAnObject, :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weed ; owl:onProperty :removes ] . :Weedy :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Weed ; :wnsense "weedy1adj" ; :wordnet "weedy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Weedy'' is an attribute of places that have a perceptible number of ''Weed''s growing. How many weeds one needs to be called ''Weedy'' will depend on the place and the person describing it. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weedy' in WordNet: 1. weedy - (abounding with or resembling weeds; 'a weedy path'; 'weedy plants that take over a garden') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dirty . :Week :ldoce "week" ; :wnsense "week1n" ; :wordnet "week" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all periods of seven consecutive days, regardless of the day on which it starts; for a calendar week starting on Sunday use the subtype 'CalendarWeek'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'week' in WordNet: 1. (400) week, hebdomad - (any period of seven consecutive days; 'it rained for a week') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RecurringTimeInterval . :Weekday :wnsense "weekday1n" ; :wordnet "weekday" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any day of the week other than Saturday or Sunday. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weekday' in WordNet: 1. (1) weekday - (any day except Sunday (and sometimes except Saturday)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day . :Weekend :wnsense "weekend1n" ; :wordnet "weekend" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Saturday and Sunday which are contiguous. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weekend' in Wordnet: 1. (13) weekend - (a time period usually extending from Friday night through Sunday; more loosely defined as any period of successive days including one and only one Sunday) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval . :Weevil :wnsense "weevil1n" ; :wordnet "weevil" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weevil' in WordNet: 1. weevil - (any of several families of mostly small beetles that feed on plants and plant products; especially snout beetles and seed beetles) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beetle . :Weighing :en "weighing" ; :ldoce "weigh" ; :wnsense "weigh3v" ; :wordnet "weigh" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Observation that allows the Observer to determine the quantitative value of the Mass or weight of an Object Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'weigh' in WordNet: 3. (2) weigh, librate - (determine the weight of; 'The butcher weighed the chicken') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Measuring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :MassMeasurement ] . :Weight :ldoce "weight" ; :wnsense "weight1n" ; :wordnet "weight" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of ConstantQuantities indicating a quantity of Force that is directed toward the center of the Earth by some PhysicalObject; this quantity is used in the technical sense of mass time acceleration, and is not identical to Mass, though the units of Mass and Weight are often conflated in common speech; a 'weight' of one pound or one gram usually means a Mass of one pound or one gram. An object with a Mass of one kilogram may weigh slightly differently at different points on the Earth's surface due to variations in gravity at different points. Although 'pound' can be a unit of mass or weight, to avoid confusion, 'pound' should be interpreted as a unit of Mass, and 'weight' only used when the measure is clearly one of Weight, not Mass (as by a spring scale), and the accuracy sufficient to distinguish the difference. An example of a unit of Weight (force) is one Newton. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weight' in WordNet: 1. (29) weight - (the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Force . :WeightArtifact :wnsense "weight4n" ; :wordnet "weight" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 4 of 'weight' in WordNet: 4. (3) weight - (an artifact that is heavy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject . :WeightDevice :wnsense "exercising weight1n", "free weight1n", "weight2n", "weight4n" ; :wordnet "exercising weight", "free weight", "weight" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any SolidObject that is used to weigh down something - i.e. to provide a force caused by its weight in a gravitational field. These vary,from small weights used in ''Fishing'' (see ''Sinker'') to 'weights' used in a balance to measure the weight (or mass) of objects, to paperweights for the desktop to heavy weights,over a hundred pounds, used in weghtlifting or other exercise. Often made of metal, but not necessarily; a ''PaperWeight'' can be made of almost anything solid, even containting liquid. This is here to organize the subtypes;the subtype may be used to label texts. This includes controlled weights on a weight machine in a gym. The 'free' exercise 'weight' is the subtype ''FreeWeight'' """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonPoweredDevice, :WeightArtifact . :WeightLifter :wnsense "lifter1n", "weightlifter1n" ; :wordnet "lifter", "weightlifter" ; a :AgentType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WeightLifter'' is an ''Athlete'' who trains arm muscles by lifting heavy weights, usually on barbells specifically designed for that purpose. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'weightlifter' in WordNet: 1. weightlifter, lifter - (an athlete who lifts barbells) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeightLifting ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :WeightLifting :en "lifting weights" ; :wnsense "press13v", "weight-lift1v", "weightlift1n", "weightlift1v", "weightlifting1n" ; :wordnet "press", "weight-lift", "weightlift", "weightlifting" ; a :ActionType, :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WeightLifting'' is form of ''Bodybuilding'' (''Strengthening'') in which a Person trains (strengthens) arm muscles by lifting heavy weights, usually on barbells specifically designed for that purpose. The ''Muscle''s of a Person are strengthened (made able to exert greater force, such as lifting heavier weights) by lifting heavy weights NOTE: 'press' should be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'WeightLifting' and verb sense 1 of 'weightlift' in WordNet: 1. weightlift, weightlifting - (bodybuilding by exercise that involves lifting weights) WN verb 'weightlift': 1. weight-lift, weightlift, press - (lift weights; 'This guy can press 300 pounds') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodybuildingAction, :ExercisingEvent, :RaisingByHand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WeightLifter ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreeWeight ; owl:onProperty :hasObjectMoved ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FreeWeight ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :WeightPercent a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WeightPercent'' is a ''WeightRatio'' for the Mass of something in an Object or Substance, divided by the total mass of that Object or Substance, multiplied by 100 to express the ratio in percentage, number from 0 to 1. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance, :PercentNumber . :WeightRatio a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WeightRatio'' is a RationalNumber that is the weight of one object or substance in a mixture dvided by the weight of the whole mixture, in the same units. This is a pure number but its meaning is specific for describing what part of the weight (mass) of a mixture is composed of one substance or ObjectType. See also ''WeightPercent''""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :DimensionlessRatio, :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance . :WeightSet :en "set of dumbbells", "set of weights", "weight set", "weights" ; :enn "set of dumbbells", "set of weights", "weight set", "weights" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WeightSet'' is a set consisting of ''Dumbzbell''s, two of each weight and having more than one pair, often pairs of five pounds to 50 pounds each. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dumbbell-Weight ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Weird :wnsense "eldritch1adj", "uncanny1adj", "unearthly1adj", "weird1adj" ; :wordnet "eldritch", "uncanny", "unearthly", "weird" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Weird'' is a property that can be assigned to something that is not just strange, but has aspects sugggesting involvement of something supernatural. The term is often used hyperbolically rather than literally in this sense, Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'weird' in WordNet: 1. (8) eldritch, weird, uncanny, unearthly - (suggesting the operation of supernatural influences; 'an eldritch screech'; 'the three weird sisters'; 'stumps...had uncanny shapes as of monstrous creatures'- John Galsworthy; 'an unearthly light'; 'he could hear the unearthly scream of some curlew piercing the din'- Henry Kingsley) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Strange . :Welcome :isTheOppositeOf :Unwelcome ; :ldoce "welcome" ; :wnsense "welcome1adj" ; :wordnet "welcome" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Welcome' is an AttributeValue of some Event that is experienced with pleasure (to some degree) by an 'IntentionalAgent'. Having this AttributeValue means that the 'IntentionalAgent' prefers for that Event to happen rather than not to happen. The *presence* of a person may be such an Event (state), in which case it is said that that Person is ''Welcome''. The restrition allows as object either a state or a Person (perhaps broaden to Animal?) TO say that a *Person* is welcome should be represented as the PersistentState of that Person being in a particular place, and that PersistentState being 'Welcome' to another Person. This is an AttributeValue of a PleasantEvent - to be welcome to an agent, the Event must be Pleasant to that agent; however, it is possible for an Event to be Pleasant an unwelcome (e.g. if it occurs at an inconvenient time), so not all PleasantEvents are Welcome. This distinguishes Welcome from its parent Attribute 'Pleasant'. The WordNet example 'you are welcome to join us' would be represented as 'The Event (of you joining us) is 'Welcome' to us' Corresponds to the first part of adjective sense 1 of 'welcome' in WordNet, the sense of 'giving pleasure': in WordNet: 1. (4) welcome - (giving pleasure or satisfaction or received with pleasure or freely granted; 'a welcome relief'; 'a welcome guest'; 'made the children feel welcome'; 'you are welcome to join us') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pleasant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isAnAttributeValueOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PleasantEvent :Person :EventType ) ] ] . :Welcoming :en "welcoming" ; :ldoce "welcome" ; :wnsense "welcome2v" ; :wordnet "welcome" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any instance of Speaking (an Action) or a Gesture, along with other actions expressing friendship, in which one Person verbally or by gesture expresses a 'welcome' to another, usually one who has recently arrived from somewhere else. See ''Beckoning''for a Gesture that can symbolize a form of ''Welcoming''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'welcome in WordNet: 2. (4) welcome, receive - (bid welcome to; greet upon arrival) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorTowardOthers, :Greeting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isDirectedToward ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :PersonType :GroupType ) ] ] . :Weld :wnsense "weld3n" ; :wordnet "weld" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Weld' is a connecting part of some object (usually metallic, but also thermoplastic) that was joined from smaller parts by Welding. This type only represents the part of the object that is the actual Weld, that is, the part that was melted or softened and fused together. The edges of a Weld may not be well-defined, therefore this type is a subtype of 'PartAsaRegion'. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'weld' in WordNet: 3. weld - (a metal joint formed by softening with heat and fusing or hammering together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Joint-Physical, :PartAsaRegion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Welding ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Welder :wnsense "welder1n" ; :wordnet "welder" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Welder'' is a ''TradeWorker'' who is ''Skilled'' (proficient) at ''Welding' pieces of metal (usually ''Steel'') together to make a strong join (''Joint-Physical''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'welder' in WordNet: 1. welder - (joins pieces of metal by welding them together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TradeWorker, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Welding ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Welding :en "welding" ; :wnsense "weld1v" ; :wordnet "weld" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Welding' is an Action in which two metallic or thermoplastic objects are connected together by placing the edges in contact, and heating the parts that are in contact until the adjacent edges fuse and run together to form a single object connected by the resulting Weld. Wikipedia definition: Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material (the weld puddle) that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure sometimes used in conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld. This is in contrast with soldering and brazing, which involve melting a lower-melting-point material between the workpieces to form a bond between them, without melting the workpieces. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'weld' in WordNet: 1. (1) weld - (join together by heating; 'weld metal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Weld ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HeatingSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fusing ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Solidification ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Well :guid "c0fce37e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "well" ; :wnsense "well1n" ; :wordnet "well" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of wells. Instances are #$PhysicalDevices for extracting liquids or gases, usually water or petroleum or natural gas, out from the reservoirs under the ground. Generally a #$Well is a hole created by drilling or digging. Artificial lift devices (like #$Pump-Mechanical or #$Buckets) are also part of a #$Well. NOTE that a Well is a HoleInTheGround, but it can be located in the ground under a BodyOfWater, as are some oil or gas wells. @ToDo: Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that a Well has a HoleInTheGround as a part, rather than being a type of 'HoleInTheGround' - but it is often described as the HoleInTheGround, with the accessory structures in the conceptual background. We need to see how this is used in reasoning. A Well is a means of access to some 'GeologicalReservoir'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'well' in WordNet: 1. (8) well - (a deep hole or shaft dug or drilled to obtain water or oil or gas or brine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeepHoleInTheGround, :Device, :FixedStructure, :FluidConduit, :Path-Physical, :UsefulSource, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :SubstanceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Well-educated :wnsense "lettered1adj", "well-educated1adj", "well-read1adj" ; :wordnet "lettered", "well-educated", "well-read" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Well-educated' is the attribute of someone who has accumulated a deep body of Knowledge through formal education, at least through the college level; if only through the college level, then that person must also have read significantly more than the average college student. This type refers to a broad range of knowledge, not jsut to knowledge in one field. This includes parts of sense 1 'well-educated' sense 1 of 'lettered' and senses 1 and 2 of 'well-read' in WordNet, pertaining to academic education and book learning; in WordNet: WN 'well-educated': 1. (3) enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, well-educated, well-read - (highly educated; having extensive information or understanding; 'an enlightened public'; 'knowing instructors'; 'a knowledgeable critic'; 'a knowledgeable audience') WN adjective 'well-read': 1. (1) well-read - (well informed or deeply versed through reading; 'respect for a well-read man'; 'well-read in medieval history') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledgeable, :Literate, :PersonAttributeValue . :Well-known :en "widely known" ; :enadj "widely known" ; :isTheOppositeOf :Unknown ; :wnsense "well-known1adj" ; :wordnet "well-known" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Known by a large number of people, though not necessarily of a majority. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'well-known' in WordNet: 1. (6) well-known - (widely or fully known; 'a well-known politician'; 'well-known facts'; 'a politician who is well known'; 'these facts are well known') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Known . :Well-off :isAnAttributeValueOf :FinancialEase, :Person ; :isTheOppositeOf :Poor ; :wnsense "comfortable5ad", "easy7adj", "prosperous1adj", "well-off1adj" ; :wordnet "comfortable", "easy", "prosperous", "well-off" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a Person or of a Person's ''EconomicSituation'' whose income and financial savings are not necessarily so large as to qualify as ''Wealthy'' but has enough savings to easily handle normal demands of living. Often referred to as 'comfortable'. @ToDO r1391: relate to ''EconomicSituation''?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'well-off' in WordNet: 1. comfortable, easy, prosperous, well-fixed, well-heeled, well-off, well-situated, well-to-do - (in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich; 'they were comfortable or even wealthy by some standards'; 'easy living'; 'a prosperous family'; 'his family is well-situated financially'; 'well-to-do members of the community') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :WellDone :isAnAttributeValueOf :Food-ReadyToEat, :Meat ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :CookingFood ; :wnsense "well-done1adj" ; :wordnet "well-done" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WellDone'' is a subattribute of ''Done'' for Food that has been ''Cooked'' as long and throoughly as can be before further cooking would damage the flavor by charring more than slightly, and (for steaks) the center has no pink meat remaining. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'well done' in Wordnet: 1. well-done - ((meat) cooked until there is no pink meat left inside) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Done, :PastParticiple . :WellInformed :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Informing ; :isTheOppositeOf :Uninformed ; :wnsense "intelligent2adj", "well-informed1adj" ; :wordnet "intelligent", "well-informed" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WellInformed'' is the attribute of a Person that has experienced numerous ''Informing'' Events. This includes people who do not have a high level of formal Education, but nevertheless have been informed in more than a few ways or on more than a few occasions about one or more topics, gaining a level of knowledge greater than that of an average Person. This can be used for being well-informed on a special topic, or on many topics (as is a 'polymath') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'well-informed' in Wordnet: 1. (3) intelligent, well-informed - (possessing sound knowledge; 'well-informed readers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informed, :PastParticiple . :WellIntentioned :wnsense "well-intentioned1adj", "well-meaning2adj", "well-meant1adj" ; :wordnet "well-intentioned", "well-meaning", "well-meant" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone trying to do good and be helpful, not always successfuly. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'well-intentioned' in Wordnet: 1. well-intentioned, well-meaning, well-meant - (marked by good intentions though often producing unfortunate results; 'a well-intentioned but clumsy waiter'; 'a well-meaning but tactless fellow'; 'the son's well-meaning efforts threw a singular chill upon the father's admirers'- S.W.Maughm; 'blunt but well-meant criticism') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good . :WellLighted :wnsense "bright4adj", "lighted2adj", "lit1adj", "well-lighted1adj" ; :wordnet "bright", "lighted", "lit", "well-lighted" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of areas,that have been illuminated more than the minimum required for merely walking around. Vague. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'well-lighted' (the higher levels of illumination) in WordNet: 1. (6) illuminated, lighted, lit, well-lighted - (provided with artificial light; 'illuminated advertising'; looked up at the lighted windows'; 'a brightly lit room'; 'a well-lighted stairwell') WN adj 'bright': 4. (3) bright - (having lots of light either natural or artificial; 'the room was bright and airy'; 'a stage bright with spotlights') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Illuminated . :WellTimed :wnsense "seasonable2adj", "timely2adj", "well timed1adj", "well-timed1adj" ; :wordnet "seasonable", "timely", "well timed", "well-timed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'well timed' in Wordnet: 2. (1) timely, seasonable, well-timed, well timed - (done or happening at the appropriate or proper time; 'a timely warning'; 'with timely treatment the patient has a good chance of recovery'; 'a seasonable time for discussion'; 'the book's publication was well timed') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Wellbeing :wnsense "eudaemonia1n", "eudaimonia1n", "upbeat1n", "welfare3n", "well-being1n", "wellbeing1n" ; :wordnet "eudaemonia", "eudaimonia", "upbeat", "welfare", "well-being", "wellbeing" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wellbeing; is a ''GoodCircumstances'' in which a Person or Group of People is healthy and (relatively) prosperous, and therefore contented (moderateley happy). This situation should be interpreted as being that there are no significant problems, and above average health and prosperity, but it does not suggest exceptional wealth. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'well-being' in WordNet: 1. (2) wellbeing, well-being, welfare, upbeat, eudaemonia, eudaimonia - (a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous; 'the town was finally on the upbeat after our recent troubles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GoodCircumstances, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Desirable ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Welcome ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wench :wnsense "bird3n", "chick2n", "dame1n", "doll2n", "skirt3n", "wench1n" ; :wordnet "bird", "chick", "dame", "doll", "skirt", "wench" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wench''and its synonyms are informal terms for women who are usually young and usually attractive. The term 'wench' is sometimes used to suggest sexual promiscuity. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wench' in WordNet: 1. dame, doll, wench, skirt, chick, bird - (informal terms for a (young) woman) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :HumanYouth . :Werewolf :guid "bd59c064-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "lycanthrope1n", "werewolf1n", "wolfman1n" ; :wordnet "lycanthrope", "werewolf", "wolfman" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A mythological creature which can change form between a human and a wolflike creature. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'werewolf' in WordNet: 1. werewolf, wolfman, lycanthrope - (a monster able to change appearance from human to wolf) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evildoer, :Mammal, :MythicalThing, :SentientAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wolf ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :West :ldoce "west" ; :wnsense "west2n" ; :wordnet "west" ; a :CompassDirection-NSEW ; rdfs:comment """The CompassDirection that is 180 degrees rotated from direct East. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'west' in WordNet: 2. (10) west, due west, westward, W - (the cardinal compass point that is a 270 degrees) """ . :Western :isTheOppositeOf :Eastern ; :ldoce "western" ; :wnsense "western1adj", "western2adj", "western3adj", "western4adj" ; :wordnet "western" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Western is an attribute that takes a Region as argument and returns the geographically westernmost part of that region. Includes senses 1 to 4 of 'western' in WordNet: 1. (21) western - (relating to or characteristic of regions of western parts of the world; 'Western Europe'; 'the Western Roman Empire') 2. (10) westerly, western - (lying in or toward the west) 3. (3) western - (of or characteristic of regions of the United States west of the Mississippi River; 'a Western ranch') 4. (1) western - (lying toward or situated in the west; 'our company's western office') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocationAttribute . :WesternChipmunk :en "ground squirrel" ; :guid "bd5908b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "chipmunk1n" ; :wordnet "chipmunk" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WN distinctions between 'ground squirrel' and 'chipmunk' seem to invert other usages I have heard; the eastern variety is not referred to as a 'ground squirrel' and the western (the larger variety) is. This inverts the WN usage. So the label is intended to be specific. The label 'ground squirrel' is added to the Western variety. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'chipmunk' in WordNet: 1. chipmunk - (a burrowing ground squirrel of western America and Asia; has cheek pouches and a light and dark stripe running down the body) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Squirrel . :WesternHemisphere a :EarthHemisphere . :WesternMovie :en "Western movie", "cowboy movie", "western movie" ; :enn "Western movie", "cowboy movie" ; :wnsense "Western1n", "horse opera1n" ; :wordnet "Western", "horse opera" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """this ''WesternMovie'' includes recorded shows that are short and made for television, whether or not as part of a series of shows. \"theUnitedstatesarea\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'western' in WordNet: 1. (1) Western, horse opera - (a film about life in the western United States during the period of exploration and development) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Movie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cowboy ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheWildWest ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :WesternSahara a :Country . :WesternUnitedStatesRegion :hasQualitativeAttribute :Western ; :isaPartOf :TheUnitedStatesArea ; a :Region . :Wet :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Wetting ; :isTheOppositeOf :Dry ; :ldoce "wet" ; :wnsense "wet1adj" ; :wordnet "wet" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A quality of objects that have liquid water perceptible on the surface, and not merely interpersed in cavities in the object, as could be the case when an object is 'Moist'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wet' in WordNet: 1. (23) wet - (covered or soaked with a liquid such as water; 'a wet bathing suit'; 'wet sidewalks'; 'wet weather') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Moist . :WetFabricObject :en "wet cloth", "wet cloth object", "wet fabric object" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''FabricObject'' that is perceptibly ''Wet''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FabricObject, :WetObject . :WetObject :en "wet object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WetObject'' is any Object that is perceptibly ''Wet''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wet ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wetlands :guid "be1f063a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wetland1n" ; :wordnet "wetland" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''GeographicalArea'' - an area in some Geographical Region - that has standing water for some part of the year, and also some vegetation. This includes swamps which may be dry some part of the year, and tidal marshes, which may be wet all year, so the degree of wetness is not a constant. Cyc: The collection of all portions of wetlands. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wetland' in WordNet: 1. wetland - (a low area where the land is saturated with water) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EcologicalArea, :OutdoorArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plant ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicObject ] . :Wetness :wnsense "wetness1n" ; :wordnet "wetness" ; a :ConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wetness'' is an ''ObjectCondition'' of PhysicalObjects that have 'Water'' in some form (liquid or gaseous, as in air) on or in the Object. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wetness' in WordNet: 1. (1) wetness - (the condition of containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water); 'he confirmed the wetness of the swimming trunks') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectCondition, :PhysicalSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ; owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Water ; owl:onProperty :isDueToThePresenceOf ] . :WetnessAttribute a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The parent type for AttributeValues that express the relative concentration of ''Water'' in some object or location. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectOrSubstanceAttribute . :WetnessType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WetnessType'' is specialized metaclas to allow assigning different semi-qualitative values of ''Wetness''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AttributeValueType . :Wetting :en "become wet" ; :wnsense "wet1v" ; :wordnet "wet" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wetting'' is an action in which some SolidObject becomes ''Wet'' (or perceptibly wetter, if the Object already had some degree of moisture). The subype ''Soaking'' is imparting a higher degree of wetness. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wet' in WordNet: 1. (4) wet - (cause to become wet; 'Wet your face') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :ImpartingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wet ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingWet ; owl:onProperty :caused ] . :Whacking :wnsense "wallop1v", "whack1v", "whack2n", "wham1v", "whop1v" ; :wordnet "wallop", "whack", "wham", "whop" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Whacking is a ''HittingAnObject'' hard, NOTE: The difference between this and ''BashingAnObject'' is hard to discern. They both have the same WN and COSMO parents. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 2 of 'whack' in WordNet: 1. (2) whack, wham, whop, wallop - (hit hard; 'The teacher whacked the boy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HittingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Forceful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WhackingSound :isCausedBy :Whacking ; :wnsense "whack1n" ; :wordnet "whack" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A sound consisting of a short sharp loud knock whentwo solid objects collide with force. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whack' in WordNet: 1. whack - (the sound made by a sharp swift blow) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :Whale :guid "bd58dc2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "whale2n" ; :wordnet "whale" ; a :BiologicalTaxonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all whales, including most types of cetacean. #$Whale is a subset of #$Mammal, including the largest mammals on Earth. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'whale' in WordNet: 2. whale - (any of the larger cetacean mammals having a streamlined body and breathing through a blowhole on the head) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cetacean . :WhaleShark :wnsense "Rhincodon typus1n", "whale shark1n" ; :wordnet "Rhincodon typus", "whale shark" ; a :BiologicalFamily, :FishType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The largest of the fishes. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whale shark' in WordNet: 1. whale shark, Rhincodon typus - (large spotted shark of warm surface waters worldwide; resembles a whale and feeds chiefly on plankton) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shark, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :VeryLarge ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spotted ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fish ; owl:onProperty :isTheLargestAmong ] . :Wheat-Foodstuff :guid "c1009086-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :WheatPlant ; :ldoce "wheat" ; :wnsense "wheat flour1n", "wheat2n" ; :wordnet "wheat", "wheat flour" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes sense 2 of 'wheat' and sense 1 of 'wheat flour' in WordNet: 2. wheat, wheat berry - (grains of common wheat; sometimes cooked whole or cracked as cereal; usually ground into flour) 1. wheat flour - (flour prepared from wheat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EdibleStuff, :ExistingStuffType, :VegetableMatter . :WheatFlour :guid "bd5894cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isDerivedFrom :WheatPlant ; :ldoce "flour" ; :wnsense "flour1n", "wheat flour1n" ; :wordnet "flour", "wheat flour" ; a :GranularSubstanceType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Finely ground wheat grain used in cooking. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'wheat flour' in WordNet, and is often referred to by the generic 'flour' - sense 1 of 'flour' in WordNet: 1. wheat flour - (flour prepared from wheat) WN 'flour' 1. (3) flour - (fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExistingStuffType, :Flour, :FoodIngredientOnly, :Wheat-Foodstuff . :WheatPlant :guid "bd58999c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wheat" ; :wnsense "wheat1n" ; :wordnet "wheat" ; a :OrganismType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Individual wheat plants. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wheat' in WordNet: 1. (1) wheat - (annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CerealPlant . :Wheel :guid "bd58af2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wheel" ; :wnsense "wheel1n" ; :wordnet "wheel" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Wheel is a SolidTangibleArtifact that is at least approximately discoid in shape, circular and significantly thinner in width than the diameter of the circle. Wheels include things like the geared wheels of machines and clocks, so perfect circularity is not required. Note that wheels are always designed to be part of a larger object, though they are not necessarily installed before they are destroyed. NOTE: a ''Wheel'' is considered as a ''FlarObject'' even though it hac irregularities, spokes, air gaps and other features that deviate from a true 'Disc' shape. The restriction on 'functionsTogetherWith' expresses that a 'wheel' typically is attached to some shaft that turns it, or is turned by it, as part of a functioning device. Cyc: The collection of all instances of the most general kind of wheel. Each instance is a disk-shaped thing which can be rotated on an #$Axle which typically goes through the center of its circular cross-section. #$Wheels are found on #$LandTransportationDevices, serving the function of allowing #$RollingOnASurface for such devices. Wheels may take the form of #$Gears, parts of a #$Pulley, or may be present instead of ball bearings in places where a device needs to roll against a surface - like on the edges of some #$GarageDoors, which roll in a track when they are raised (#$LiftingAnObject). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wheel' in WordNet: 1. (12) wheel - (a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Disk, :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice, :PartOfanArtifact, :RadiallySymmetricObject, :RotatableComponent, :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Disk ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RotationallySymmetric ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shaft ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :WheelPedal :wnsense "pedal2n" ; :wordnet "pedal" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WheelPedal'' is a ''Pedal'' that is one of two ''Pedal''s pushed alternately to cause rotation of a 'wheel' that is attached to the ends of a Z-shaped rod connecting the two pedals, so that when each pedal is pressed, the wheel is rotated; using both legs allows continued rotation in the same direction without reliance on the momentum of the wheel to return one pedal to a position where pushing it will cause the wheel to rotate in the desired direction. On a modern ''Bicycle'' a pair of such pedals turns a toothed disc that pulls a chain connected to the axle of the rear wheel, providing the thrusting torque to move the bicycle forward. This is the kind of 'pedal' on a bicycle or ''Tricycle''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pedal' in WordNet: 2. pedal, treadle, foot pedal, foot lever - (a lever that is operated with the foot) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pedal . :WheelRim :wnsense "rim3n" ; :wordnet "rim" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The outer edge of a ''Disk'' shaped object. Includes noun senses 3 and 5 of 'rim' in Wordnet: 3. rim - (the outer part of a wheel to which the tire is attached) 5. brim, rim, lip - (the top edge of a vessel or other container) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rim, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Wheel :DeviceType ) ] ] . :Wheelbarrow :guid "bd58936f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "barrow3n", "garden cart1n", "lawn cart1n", "wheelbarrow1n" ; :wordnet "barrow", "garden cart", "lawn cart", "wheelbarrow" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of wheelbarrows. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wheelbarrow' in WordNet: 1. barrow, garden cart, lawn cart, wheelbarrow - (a cart for carrying small loads; has handles and one or more wheels) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cart, :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :MaterialTransporter, :TransportationContainerProduct, :WheeledTransportationDevice . :Wheelchair :guid "bd58f016-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wheelchair1n" ; :wordnet "wheelchair" ; a :OpenSidedSupportingObjectType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This includes powered Wheelchairs,so the CYC parent 'MusclePoweredDevice' is omitted. That can be added as a parent to a traditional unpowered subtype that is not electrical. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wheelchair' in WordNet: 1. (1) wheelchair - (a movable chair mounted on large wheels; for invalids or those who cannot walk; frequently propelled by the occupant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chair, :Device-UserControlled, :MobilityAid, :WheeledTransportationDevice . :WheeledTransportationDevice :guid "c072ef0b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wheeled vehicle1n" ; :wordnet "wheeled vehicle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is for Vehicles that are supported solely by their 'SupportingWheel's when being used as intended for transportation. Airplanes are not instances, even though they taxi on wheels, because that is not their primary distinctive and intended way of moving people or cargo. A wheelbarrow is not an instance, because it is not supported solely by the front wheel, but also by the person carrying the handles. NOTE that this type of device is designed to be used in transporting PhysicalObjects, but it does not itself have to *carry* those physical objects; it can beused (as a ''Tractor'') is to *tow* another wheeled device that actually carries the objects to be transported. #$WheeledTransportationDevice is a specialization of #$LandTransportationDevice. Each instance of #$WheeledTransportationDevice is a transportation device that uses **only** wheels for motion (as opposed to tracks, runners, etc.). This collection includes not only many instances of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, but also non-self-powered devices such as #$Bicycles and #$Wagons. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wheeled vehicle' in WordNet: 1. wheeled vehicle - (a vehicle that moves on wheels and usually has a container for transporting things or people; 'the oldest known wheeled vehicles were found in Sumer and Syria and date from around 3500 BC') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LandTransportationDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SupportingWheel ; owl:minCardinality "1" ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Wheezing :eng "wheezing" ; :wnsense "wheeze1n", "wheeze1v" ; :wordnet "wheeze" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wheeze' in WordNet: 1. (2) wheeze - (breathe with difficulty) WN noun 'wheeze': 1. (1) wheeze - (breathing with a husky or whistling sound) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbnormalBodyCondition, :Breathing, :PhysiologicalFunction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WhistlingSound ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Asthma ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WithDifficulty ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :WhenInDisgrace :wasAuthoredBy :Shakespeare ; a :Poem . :WhereToEatLunchToday :convincedAgentToAction :DiningAtHome ; :hasTopic :EatingLunch ; :isAnInterestOf :PatrickCassidy ; a :Issue . :Whereabouts :wnsense "whereabouts1n" ; :wordnet "whereabouts" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Whereabouts'' is a ''Place'' where a Person (or other object) is located at a specific time. This is only meaningful when the time(s) of reference are specified or implied. This term may be used for the location of some lost or mispaced object as well as the location of a person. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whereabouts' in WordNet: 1. (3) whereabouts - (the general location where something is; 'I questioned him about his whereabouts on the night of the crime') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ] . :Whereas :en "whereas" ; a :Conjunction ; rdfs:comment """''Whereas'' is a conjunction that begins an assertion that provides a rationale for the following assertion(s); in effect it is a 'because' between assertions that are inverted in order relative to the order when 'because' is uaed. This phrase is not represented in WordNet. """ . :Whereby :en "whereby" ; a :Conjunction ; rdfs:comment """''Whereby'' is a conjunction that begins an assertion that suggests a conseqence of the Event mentioned in the preceding phrase. RHW: 1. by what or by which; under the terms of which. This word is not represented in WordNet. """ . :Whetstone :wnsense "whetstone1n" ; :wordnet "whetstone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Whetstone'' is hard and flat, with a surface that is sufficiently rough to act as a polishing agent to sharpen the edge of a blade. RHW 'whetstone': 1. a stone for sharpening cutlery or tools by friction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whetstone' in WordNet: 1. whetstone - (a flat stone for sharpening edged tools or knives) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sharpener, :StoneObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hard ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SharpeningAnObject ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Whew :en "whew" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An 'interjection'. or 'Exclamation'? Makes a whistling sound, and expresses some Emotion such as surprise or relief. RHW interjection 'whew': 1. (a whistling exclamation or sound expressing astonishment, dismay, relief, etc.) RHW noun 'whew': 2. an utterance of 'whew'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection . :Whim :wnsense "caprice1n", "impulse2n", "whim1n" ; :wordnet "caprice", "impulse", "whim" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whim' in WordNet: 1. (1) caprice, impulse, whim - (a sudden desire; 'he bought it on an impulse') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Sudden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Whimpering :eng "whimpering" ; :wnsense "mewl1v", "pule1v", "wail2v", "whimper1v" ; :wordnet "mewl", "pule", "wail", "whimper" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'whimper' in WordNet: 1. (1) wail, whimper, mewl, pule - (cry weakly or softly; 'she wailed with pain') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Crying, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Soft-Sound ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Whining :wnsense "grizzle2v", "snivel1n", "snivel1v", "sniveling1n", "whine2v", "whine3v", "yammer2v", "yawp2v" ; :wordnet "grizzle", "snivel", "sniveling", "whine", "yammer", "yawp" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb senses 2 and 3 of 'whine' in WordNet: 2. (1) snivel, whine - (talk in a tearful manner) 3. whine, grizzle, yammer, yawp - (complain whiningly) WN noun 'whining': 1. (1) snivel, sniveling - (whining in a tearful manner) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComplainingAboutSomething, :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tears ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tearful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Whip :guid "bda16c02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "whip" ; :wnsense "whip1n" ; :wordnet "whip" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Weapon that consists of a thin strand of Fabric, usually Leather, and a handle by which the strand is impelled at a high rate of speed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whip' in WordNet: 1. (3) whip - (an instrument with a handle and a flexible lash that is used for whipping) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CordlikeObject, :Device-SingleUser, :Device-UserControlled, :Device-UserPowered, :HandTool, :Weapon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Handle ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Whipping ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :Whiplash :wnsense "whiplash injury1n", "whiplash1n" ; :wordnet "whiplash", "whiplash injury" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whiplash' in WordNet: 1. whiplash, whiplash injury - (an injury to the neck (the cervical vertebrae) resulting from rapid acceleration or deceleration (as in an automobile accident)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injury-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Neck ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Whipped :en "whipped" ; :enadj "whipped" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :WhippingFoodStuff ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''Whipped'' is the attribute applied to foods in liquid or semisolid or granular form that was subjected to a ''WhippingFoodStuff''process. This can cause some types of mostly liquid foodstuffs (eggs or cream) to become semisolid, and granular (e.g. chopped) foodstuffs to become semisolid rather than solid. Liquids may stay in liquid form after a ''WhippingFoodStuff'' but if the components are not 'miscible' then they may form an emulsion. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Homogeneous, :PastParticiple . :WhippedCream :hasComponentSubstance :Air, :Sugar ; :hasMainComponentSubstance :Cream-Dairy ; :isPreparedFromSubstance :Cream-Dairy ; :wnsense "whipped cream1n" ; :wordnet "whipped cream" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WhippedCream'' is ''Cream-Dairy'' that has been whipped in some way to fill it with small air bubbles, and sweetened. It is added Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whipped cream' in Wordnet: 1. whipped cream - (cream that has been beaten until light and fluffy) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Topping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fluffy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Whippet :guid "c0252adc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "whippet1n" ; :wordnet "whippet" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A collection of fast, medium-sized dogs, capable of reaching speeds up to 35 mph. Sometimes called 'the poor man's race horse.' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whippet' in WordNet: 1. whippet - (small slender dog of greyhound type developed in England) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hound . :Whipping :guid "bd80fb92-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "whip" ; :wnsense "flagellation1n", "flog1v", "flogging1n", "lash1v", "lashing1n", "lather2v", "slash2v", "strap2v", "tanning2n", "trounce1v", "welt1v", "whip1v", "whipping1n" ; :wordnet "flagellation", "flog", "flogging", "lash", "lashing", "lather", "slash", "strap", "tanning", "trounce", "welt", "whip", "whipping" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Hitting something, usually an animal, and commonly a Person, with a Whip by lashing it with the hand. Hitting with a rod would be 'Flogging', not represented yet (rev1093) In CYC: 'Whipping' is restricted to hitting people, but COSMO sense is broader: CYC: The collection of #$Whippings, which involve the hitting of a person with #$Whip.. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'whip' in WordNet: 1. (8) flog, welt, whip, lather, lash, slash, strap, trounce - (beat severely with a whip or rod; 'The teacher often flogged the students'; 'The children were severely trounced') WN noun 'whipping': 1. (1) whipping, tanning, flogging, lashing, flagellation - (beating with a whip or strap or rope as a form of punishment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandlingADevice, :HittingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Whip ; owl:onProperty :usedDevice ] . :WhippingFoodStuff :wnsense "whip5v", "whisk4v" ; :wordnet "whip", "whisk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WhippingFoodStuff'' is a ''ScramblingFoodStuff'' in which the agitating device (often a food whisk) is moved very vigorously through the stuff so as to aerate the food and give it a light fluffy constituency. This action can be used to produce a ''Souffle' or ''WhippedCream'', for example. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'whip' in WordNet: 5. whisk, whip - (whip with or as if with a wire whisk; 'whisk the eggs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScramblingFoodStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HomogeneousObject ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vigorous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Whirling :wnsense "swirl1v", "twiddle1v", "twirl1v", "whirl1v" ; :wordnet "swirl", "twiddle", "twirl", "whirl" ; a :ActionType, :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Whirling'' is the intransitive action some SolidObject that is ''Spinning'') rapidly in open air, supported or unsupported. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whirl' in WordNet: 1. (6) twirl, swirl, twiddle, whirl - (turn in a twisting or spinning motion; \"The leaves swirled in the autumn wind\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spinning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Quick ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Whirlpool :wnsense "maelstrom1n", "vortex1n", "whirlpool1n" ; :wordnet "maelstrom", "vortex", "whirlpool" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :WaveType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Whirlpool'' is a part of a BodyOfWater that is moving in a circular vortex motion that can carry objects under water. RHW: 1. water in swift, circular motion, as that produced by the meeting of opposing currents, often causing a downward spiraling action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whirlpool' in WordNet: 1. whirlpool, vortex, maelstrom - (a powerful circular current of water (usually the result of conflicting tides)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DynamicObject, :MovingWater, :SpiralObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotating ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :WhirlpoolTub :CYC "Whirlpool" ; :en "whirlpool tub" ; :guid "cc824690-30c5-11d8-9e34-0002b3a85c8b" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ A ''WhirlpoolTub'' is a Bathtub that has outlets under the water surface that can direct jets of water that make bathing more pleasant. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bathtub, :MechanicalDevice . :Whirlwind :wnsense "whirlwind1n" ; :wordnet "whirlwind" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Whirlwind'' is a ''WindStorm'' that is a localized spiral rotating motion of wind close to and often touching the ground and much higher than it is wide, sometimes lifting things off the ground when it touches down. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whirlwind' in WordNet: 1. whirlwind - (a more or less vertical column of air whirling around itself as it moves over the surface of the Earth) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WindStorm, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotating ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongAndThin ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vertical ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WhiskBroom :wnsense "whisk broom1n", "whisk2n" ; :wordnet "whisk", "whisk broom" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A short-handled ''BrushOrBroom'' on which the bristles are aligned in the same direction as the handle.. Manipulable with one hand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whisk broom' in WordNet: 1. whisk, whisk broom - (a small short-handled broom used to brush clothes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BrushOrBroom, :CleaningImplement . :Whisker :wnsense "sensory hair1n", "vibrissa1n", "whisker2n" ; :wordnet "sensory hair", "vibrissa", "whisker" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An individual long ''Hair-Strand'' projecting from the face of a mammal to the side of the nose. Especially prominent in felines such as domestic cats. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'whisker' in WordNet: 2. whisker, vibrissa, sensory hair - (a long stiff hair growing from the snout or brow of most mammals as e.g. a cat) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hair-Strand, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hair ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :Whiskers :en "whiskers" ; :enn "whiskers" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Whiskers'' is the set of ''Whisker''s on the face of one ''Mammal''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MobOfHair-Mammal, :PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Whisker ; owl:minCardinality "4" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Mammal ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Whiskey :wnsense "whiskey1n", "whisky1n" ; :wordnet "whiskey", "whisky" ; a :FluidType, :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Whiskey'' is a ''Liquor'' produced from fermenting grains (''CerealFood'') such as Rye. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whiskey' in WordNet: 1. (6) whiskey, whisky - (a liquor made from fermented mash of grain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Liquor, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CerealFood ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :Whisper :ldoce "whisper" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The sounds made by a person who is whispering, not the act of whispering, which is represented by 'Whispering'. No Wordnet sense matches this type. Corresponds to part of sense 9 of 'whisper' in RHW - the part being the sound itself. 9. the mode of utterance, or the voice, of a person who whispers: to speak in a whisper. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speech, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Faint ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WhisperingQuality ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Whispering :ldoce "whisper" ; :wnsense "whisper1n", "whisper1v", "whispering2n" ; :wordnet "whisper", "whispering" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'whisper' in WordNet: WN noun 'whisper': 1. (6) whisper, whispering, susurration, voicelessness - (speaking softly without vibration of the vocal cords) WN verb 'whisper': 1. (22) whisper - (speak softly; in a low voice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Speaking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Whisper ; owl:onProperty :causes ] . :WhisperingQuality :isAnAttributeValueOf :Whispering ; :wnsense "murmuring1adj", "susurrant1adj", "whispering1adj" ; :wordnet "murmuring", "susurrant", "whispering" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WhisperingQuality' is the AttributeValue of a Sound like that created by Whispering. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'whispering' in WordNet: 1. murmuring, susurrant, whispering - (making a low continuous indistinct sound; 'like murmuring waves'; 'susurrant voices') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VoiceCharacter . :Whistle :ldoce "whistle" ; :wnsense "whistle3n", "whistle4n" ; :wordnet "whistle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Device designed to make a WhistlingSound; includes large factory whistles as well as small toys and police whistles. Includes noun senses 3 and 4 of 'whistle' in WordNet: 3. whistle - (acoustic device that forces air or steam against an edge or into a cavity and so produces a loud shrill sound) 4. pennywhistle, tin whistle, whistle - (an inexpensive fipple flute) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device . :WhistlingSound :ldoce "whistle" ; :wnsense "whistle1n" ; :wordnet "whistle" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """One or more Sounds having a steady high pitch that is not rapidly modulated like speaking; a sound of the type made by a teakettle, a factory whistle, a steam engine whistle, or a person whistling. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whistle' in WordNet, but includes the whistling sounds made by animals and people: in WordNet: 1. whistle, whistling - (the sound made by something moving rapidly or by steam coming out of a small aperture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudibleSound . :White :guid "0635b018-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "white" ; :wnsense "white1adj" ; :wordnet "white" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color white. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'white' in WordNet: 1. (65) white - (being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light; 'as white as fresh snow'; 'a bride's white dress') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AchromaticColor, :ColorAttribute . :WhiteBloodCell :guid "bee3a39a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "WBC1n", "leucocyte1n", "leukocyte1n", "white blood cell1n", "white blood corpuscle1n", "white cell1n", "white corpuscle1n" ; :wordnet "WBC", "leucocyte", "leukocyte", "white blood cell", "white blood corpuscle", "white cell", "white corpuscle" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: BloodCells that lack hemoglobin, contain a CellNucleus, and have no color. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'white blood cell' in WordNet: 1. leukocyte, leucocyte, white blood cell, white cell, white blood corpuscle, white corpuscle, WBC - (blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BloodCell . :WhiteChristmas :en "white Christmas" ; :isCelebratedOn :December25th ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Christmas' or 'Christmas Day' on which it is snowing or has ''Snow'' on the ground. Salient for being the name of a popular Christmas song - 'I'm dreaming of a white Christmas'. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'Christmas' in Wordnet: 2. (2) Christmas, Christmas Day, Xmas, Dec 25 - (a Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Christ; a quarter day in England, Wales, and Ireland) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChristmasHoliday, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Snowy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WhiteWater :wnsense "white water1n", "whitewater1n" ; :wordnet "white water", "whitewater" ; a :LiquidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WhiteWater'' is the frothy ''BodyOfWater'' ocurring in ''Rapids'', ''Waterfall's and breaking surf.. RHW: 1. frothy water, as in whitecaps and rapids. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'white water' in WordNet: 1. white water, whitewater - (frothy water as in rapids or waterfalls) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyOfWater, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FrothStuff ; owl:onProperty :hasConstituentSubstance ] . :WhiteWine :guid "bd58b53e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "white wine1n" ; :wordnet "white wine" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'white wine' in WordNet: 1. white wine - (pale yellowish wine made from white grapes or red grapes with skins removed before fermentation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wine . :WhiteZinfandel :en "white zinfandel", "white zinfandel wine" ; :guid "2c1101e6-73d8-41d8-8cd6-c9dfbda0513c" ; a :LiquidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$BlushWine. Made from 'Zinfandel' grapes (red grapes). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BlushWine . :Whiteboard :en "whiteboard" ; :enn "whiteboard" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Whiteboard'' is a 'Board' of ''White'' ''Plastic'' suitable for writing on with a special type of colored 'felt pen' resembling 'chalk' in being erasabe with an eraser. Hs the same function as a ''Blackboard'' but does not generate a lot of white chalk dust, and is easier to erase completely.. No WN sense. RHW 'whiteboard': a smooth, glossy sheet of white plastic that can be written on with a colored pen or marker in the manner of a blackboard. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :DisplayDevice, :WorkSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :White ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Plastic ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Writing ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Room ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Presentation ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :Whiteness :wnsense "white2n", "whiteness1n" ; :wordnet "white", "whiteness" ; a :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whiteness' in WordNet: 1. (1) white, whiteness - (the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :White ; owl:onProperty :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :WhitewaterRafting :en "whitewater rafting" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WhitewaterRafting'' is the act of ''Rafting'' through sections of a Stream having ''Rapids'' also referred to as 'WhiteWater''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rafting, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rapids ; owl:onProperty :typicallyOccursAt ] . :Whoa :en "whoa" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A suddenly emitted word usually used when driving a horse-drawn wagon, telling a horse to stop. Also used half-jokingly to request that a person stop doing something. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :Whole :ldoce "whole" ; :wnsense "entire1adj", "full2adj", "whole1adj" ; :wordnet "entire", "full", "whole" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Whole is an attribute that can modify many types of entity and serves as a function that returns the entity modified. In this sense it seems to be equivalent to a multiplication by 1, a pointless exercise. Its meaning derives from contrast in a discourse with alternatives involving parts of the same entity, or in situations where only a part of something is usually the participant of interest. NOTE: distinction from ''Complete'' is not precise. ''Whole'' should be for one object; while ''Complete'' can be for a collection of objects. But linguistic usage is not so disjoint. There are subtle differences between the usage of 'whole' and 'entire', but they are synonymous in some contexts. Perhaps some distinction is needed? Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'whole' and sense 1 of 'entire' in WordNet: 1. (109) whole - (including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete; 'gave his whole attention'; 'a whole wardrobe for the tropics'; 'the whole hog'; 'a whole week'; 'the baby cried the whole trip home'; 'a whole loaf of bread') WN adj 'entire': 1. (44) entire, full, total - (constituting the full quantity or extent; complete; 'an entire town devastated by an earthquake'; 'gave full attention'; 'a total failure') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Complete . :WholeBodyMovement :guid "bd58fcbf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :AnimalMotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WholeBodyMovement'' is an Action performed by an Animal (including people) in which its whole body moves in some translation motion. This is an Action,so it must be performed by the Animal, but this includes nimals riding on Devices that they control, such as a person driving a car. CYC: 'SimpleWholeBodyMovement': A specialization of #$BodyMovementEvent and an instance of #$OneAtATimeProcessType (q.v.). A collection of common bodily movements in which the whole body is involved in the movement. Specializations of this collection include #$Jumping, #$AnimalWalkingProcess, and #$FallingDown. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BodyMovementEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :WholeLife :en "whole life" ; :wnsense "life-time1n", "life5n", "lifespan1n", "lifetime1n" ; :wordnet "life", "life-time", "lifespan", "lifetime" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''WholeLife''is a ''BeginningToEndingTime'' during which some Organism was ''Alive'' or will be alive if the Organism is still alive at the time of the assertion, usually used for a Person) *or* a functional Device was ''Functional'', . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'lifespan' in WordNet: 1. life, lifetime, life-time, lifespan - (the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death); 'the battery had a short life'; 'he lived a long and happy life') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BeginningToEndingTime . :WholeObject :BFO "Object" ; :SUMO "SelfConnectedObject" ; :en "self-connected object" ; :ldoce "whole" ; :wnsense "whole2n" ; :wordnet "whole" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A WholeObject is an Object with distinct and recognizable boundaries, and is not composed of separable components. This appears to correspond roughly to the BFO 'Object' and the SUMO 'CorpuscularObject'. A ''WholeObject'' is 'self-connected' in the sense of having an internal path from each part of the Object to every other part without passing through any boundaries having a gap that is more than a few atoms or molecules wide. The composition can change in some short interval, as with objects that are glued together, but the glued or welded joint is considered a part of the ''WholeObject''. . SUMO: (SelfConnectedObject) A SelfConnectedObject is any Object that does not consist of two or more disconnected parts. COSMO note: The precise specification of what the properties of a self-connected object are can be somewhat involved. As of COSMO ver. 0.82, the axioms have not been formulated. In SUMO a SelfConnectedObject is a type of Region, but in COSMO all physical objects are subtypes of GenericLocation, and this inherited type serves a similar function to the Region of SUMO. This type differs from the intended meaning of the WordNet synset for 'whole', but those labels seem most appropriate. This is *not* an 'assemblage'. For that meaning use ''ComplexPhysicalObject'' or ''ArtifactObject'' - although there are some ''ArtifactObject''s that have only one part, most are assemblages in the same sense as the WNglss,andinany case there will almost always be identifiable 'parts' of an ArtifactObject even if it is a SUMO 'SelfConnectedObject' that has an internal path from each part to every other. Differs from the meaning of noun sense 2 of 'whole' in WordNet: 2. whole, unit - (an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity; 'how big is that part compared to the whole?'; 'the team is a unit') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, :WholeThing . :WholeSkin :wnsense "hide2n", "pelt2n", "skin4n" ; :wordnet "hide", "pelt", "skin" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WholeSkin'' is the full ''Skin'' on a living animal. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'pelt' in WordNet: 2. hide, pelt, skin - (body covering of a living animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skin, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LivingAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :WholeThing :wnsense "whole1n" ; :wordnet "whole" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A WholeThing is something (Physical or Abstract) that has some well-defined boundaries, and has parts. It can be an Object or Event, and has the character of a 'Role', but as of rev1107 it is not explicitly classified as a 'Role', which is probably not useful. It could be restricted to things that have parts, but that will only be explicitly added if it appears useful or necessary. NOTE: SUMO maps WholeThing to 'CorpuscularObject', which restricts this to solid objects, not the most general meaning of 'whole'. See 'WholeObject' for a more meaningful alignment with the SUMO 'CorpuscularObject'. NOTE that every ''WholeThing'' has at one Pair of parts that can be considered as ''ComplementaryPart''s - both are needed to make up the ''WholeThing''. This reflects the intuitive notion that one does not refer to something as 'whole' unless it can have some part ''Absent'' (missing). This requirement means that any type that is set as a subtype of ''WholeThing'' should have some meaningful ''ComplementaryPart''s that can be specified. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'whole' in WordNet: 1. (8) whole - (all of something including all its component elements or parts; 'Europe considered as a whole'; 'the whole of American literature') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Individual, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasProperPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComplementaryPart ] . :Wholeness :wnsense "integrity1n", "unity1n", "wholeness1n" ; :wordnet "integrity", "unity", "wholeness" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wholeness'' is a state, the subtype of ''HavingAnAttribute'' in which something ''Whole'', which means that it has not been divided or had some portion (physical or abstract) removed. In the state of 'Wholeness'', no parts that make it whole are missing. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wholeness' in WordNet: 1. integrity, unity, wholeness - (an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting; 'the integrity of the nervous system is required for normal development'; 'he took measures to insure the territorial unity of Croatia') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HavingAnAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Whole ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Wholesale :contrastsWith :Retail ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SellingActivity ; :pertainsTo :WholesaleSale, :Wholesaler ; :wnsense "wholesale1adj" ; :wordnet "wholesale" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wholesale' in Wordnet: 1. wholesale - (selling or related to selling goods in large quantities for resale to the consumer; 'wholesale prices'; 'a wholesale produce market') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :WholesaleSale :en "wholesale sale" ; :enn "wholesale sale" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WholesaleSale'' is the action of a manufacturer or 'wholesaler' who is selling to a Retailer or to a business that uses the product to produce other products or services. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Selling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom :Buying ] . :Wholesaler :guid "bd58dcd2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "jobber1n", "middleman1n", "wholesaler1n" ; :wordnet "jobber", "middleman", "wholesaler" ; a :AgentType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A commercial organization that sells merchandise to other commercial organizations. Typically, a wholesale store gets merchandise directly from the manufacturer, to be distributed in relatively very large quantities, for a relatively low unit price. The buyer typically either resells the merchandise (e.g., to a retailer) or uses it as input to to a commercial manufacturing activity or some other commercial activity. Any Individual people?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wholesaler' in WordNet: 1. (1) jobber, middleman, wholesaler - (someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SellingOrganization . :Wholesome :isTheOppositeOf :Harmful ; :wnsense "wholesome1adj" ; :wordnet "wholesome" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wholesome'' is an AttributeValue of Events or Objects or substances that conducive to good future events or outcones. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wholesome' in Wordnet: 1. (2) wholesome - (conducive to or characteristic of physical or moral well-being; 'wholesome attitude'; 'wholesome appearance'; 'wholesome food') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Beneficial, :Helpful . :Whopper :wnsense "whopper2n" ; :wordnet "whopper" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any ''PhysicalObject'' that is larger than average for an object of its type - used of things that are human-scale. For larger things, use ''LargeObject''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'whopper' in WordNet: 2. whacker, whopper - (something especially big or impressive of its kind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanScaleObject, :ObjectWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Large ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wick :wnsense "wick1n", "wick2n" ; :wordnet "wick" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'CordlikeObject' (not necessarily as thick as things often called 'cord'), used to convey liquid from some reservoir to another point, often just to its end. This includes the 'wick; of candles (and wicks in oil lamps or floating on liquid fuel serving like a candle), as well as 'wicks' that may be used for other purposes than for lighting by burning fuel) The 'wick' (or fuse) used to carry the spark that ignites a firecracker is *not* included in this type. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'wick' in WordNet: 1. wick - (any piece of cord that conveys liquid by capillary action; 'the physician put a wick in the wound to drain it') 2. wick, taper - (a loosely woven cord (in a candle or oil lamp) that draws fuel by capillary action up into the flame) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :CordlikeObject, :FibrousObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Limp ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wicker :guid "c10ae796-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wicker1n" ; :wordnet "wicker" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :PlantPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wicker'' is a dried slender ''Wicker'', suitably strong and suitably flexible to be woven to make ''Caning'' ('wickerwork') for use in furniture. CYC: used to make baskets and furniture - a type of cane. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wicker' in WordNet: 1. (2) wicker - (slender flexible branches or twigs (especially of willow or some canes); used for wickerwork) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PlantPart, :Twig, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Slender ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WickerBasket :guid "c10b585e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wicker basket1n" ; :wordnet "wicker basket" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wicker basket' in WordNet: 1. wicker basket - (a basket made of wickerwork) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Basket, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Caning ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Wicket :wnsense "wicket1n" ; :wordnet "wicket" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An important piece of ''CricketEquipment''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wicket' in WordNet: 1. wicket - (cricket equipment consisting of a set of three stumps topped by crosspieces; used in playing cricket) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CricketEquipment . :Wide :isTheOppositeOf :Narrow ; :ldoce "wide" ; :wnsense "wide1adj" ; :wordnet "wide" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wide is an attribute that specifies that something has a larger than usual width relative to some norm or expected value. It has no absolute quantitative implication, and is strictly interpreted in some context. Note that the sense of 'wide' in '50 feet wide' is represented by 'Width'; linguistically, 'wide'; can be replaced by 'in width' in such phrases. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'wide' in WordNet: 1. (45) wide, broad - (having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other; 'wide roads'; 'a wide necktie'; 'wide margins'; 'three feet wide'; 'a river two miles broad'; 'broad shoulders'; 'a broad river') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :WideBrim :en "wide brim" ; a :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WideBrim'' is a ''Brim'' that is wider than a typical ''Brim'', sometimes conspicuously,so as to be a salient characteristic of some types of ''Hat'' (e.g. ''CowboyHat''). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Projection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wide ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WideNailHead a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WideNailHead'' is a ''NailHead'' that is at least 1 cm wide and may be wider than the shaft. This is specifically for ''ThumbTack''s, but may apply to other ''Nail'' types. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NailHead, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "1"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters ] . :Widely :wnsense "widely1adv", "widely2adv" ; :wordnet "widely" ; a :AdverbType, :IntensiveAttributeValueType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Widely' is an AdverbialModifier that has a meaning similar to ''Much'' but suggesting that the large quantity suggested by ''Much'' is distrbuted over some expanse of space (real or virtual) or society: 'widely known' or 'widely distributed' 'widey retweeted'; 'widely imitated'. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'widely' in WordNet: 1. (21) widely - (to a great degree; 'her work is widely known') 2. (2) wide, widely - (to or over a great extent or range; far; 'wandered wide through many lands'; 'he traveled widely') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Much . :WidelySpaced :isAnAttributeValueOf :ObjectGroup ; :isTheOppositeOf :Clustered ; :wnsense "separated2adj", "spaced1adj", "sprawling1adj" ; :wordnet "separated", "spaced", "sprawling" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WidelySpaced'' is the AttributeValue of some ''Group'' of ''PhysicalObject''s to have locations that are more distant from each other than other similar groups, often used for groups with a large separation and very sparse density. had been'spaced' apart (spatially or temporally). NOTE: this sense includes the sense of 'sprawling' as in 'sprawling settlements' or 'a sprawling suburb'. A separate sese of 'sprawling for things carelessly arranged in a disordered manner is represented by ''Sprawling''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'separated' and part of sense 1 of 'sprawling' in WordNet: 2. (4) separated, spaced - (spaced apart) WN adj 'sprawling': 1. sprawling, straggling, straggly - (spreading out carelessly (as if wandering) in different directions; 'sprawling handwriting'; 'straggling branches'; 'straggly hair') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spaced . :Widening :ldoce "widen" ; :wnsense "widen1v", "widen3v", "widening1n" ; :wordnet "widen", "widening" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Widening' is an Event in which the 'Width' of some physical object(s) increases. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'widening' and verb senses 1 and 3 of 'widen' in WordNet: 1. widening, broadening - (an increase in width) WN verb 'widen': 1. (7) widen - (become broader or wider or more extensive; 'The road widened') 3. (1) widen - (make wider; 'widen the road') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IncreaseEvent . :Widespread :isTheOppositeOf :Rare ; :ldoce "widespread" ; :wnsense "widespread1adj", "widespread2adj" ; :wordnet "widespread" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute things or attributes that occur throughout the world (Earth) or among many people, or in many different places (or in many locations within some specific region - 'There was widesperead panic on Wall Street') or among many different social groups. The interpretation depends on the region within which something is asserted to be 'widespread'. Includes both senses 1 and 2 of 'widespread' in WordNet: 1. (9) widespread - (widely circulated or diffused; 'a widespread doctrine'; 'widespread fear of nuclear war') 2. (3) far-flung, widespread - (distributed over a considerable extent; 'far-flung trading operations'; 'the West's far-flung mountain ranges'; 'widespread nuclear fallout') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Common . :Widow :wnsense "widow1n" ; :wordnet "widow" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Woman whose Spouse has died and has not remarried. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'widow' in WordNet: 1. (4) widow, widow woman - (a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Woman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Widowed ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unmarried ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DeathOfaSpouse ; owl:onProperty :experienced ] . :Widowed :guid "8a125028-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :DeathOfaSpouse ; :wnsense "widowed1adj" ; :wordnet "widowed" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$interAgentReln A B Widowed means that B's spouse, A, has died. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'widowed' in WordNet: 1. (2) widowed - (single because of death of the spouse) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Unmarried . :Width :ldoce "width" ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "width1n" ; :wordnet "width" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Width' is one linear dimension of an Object, but it is somewhat ambiguous. It can refer to the left-to-right distance as seen from the front of an Object, or to the second longest dimension (after 'Length'). The latter can be more specifically referenced by the Attribute 'Breadth'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'width' in WordNet: 1. (10) width, breadth - (the extent of something from side to side) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Size . :Wife :ldoce "wife" ; :wnsense "wife1n" ; :wordnet "wife" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Role of a Wife, a female Spouse. In Cyc represented only as the relation 'spouse'. See 'hasSpouse' for the comparable COSMO relation. Where same-sex marriage is allowed, the partner of a 'wife' could be called a 'wife', thus she is not necessarily 'a man's partner'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wife' in WordNet: 1. (120) wife, married woman - (a married woman; a man's partner in marriage) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :Participant, :Spouse, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :Marriage ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marriage ; owl:onProperty :isaParticipantIn ] . :Wig :guid "bd58e820-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "hairpiece1n", "wig1n" ; :wordnet "hairpiece", "wig" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wig'' is an item of ''HeadWear'' that is intended to look like human hair and serve to modify or improve the appearance, often used because the human hair is no longer of satisfactory appearance. CYC: Fake hair worn on the head. Made of lots of chord shaped things (hairs) which are sometimes made of real hair. Also has a bottom piece which the hair attaches to. This a sheet of some stuff made of who knows what. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wig' in WordNet: 1. (1) wig - (hairpiece covering the head and made of real or synthetic hair) WN 'hairpiece': 1. hairpiece, false hair, postiche - (a covering or bunch of human or artificial hair used for disguise or adornment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Covering-Object, :DurableGood, :HeadWear, :NonPoweredDevice, :SomethingToWear, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hair ; owl:onProperty :resembles ] . :Wigwam :wnsense "wigwam1n" ; :wordnet "wigwam" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wigwam' in WordNet: 1. wigwam - (a native American lodge frequently having an oval shape and covered with bark or hides) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndianLodge, :PlaceOfResidence, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmericanIndian ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Residing ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AmericanIndian ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedBy ] . :WikiPediaPageOnSemanticInteroperability a :ComputerFile-Abstract . :Wikipedia :hasComponentElement :Semantic_Interoperability_Wikipedia ; :hasProperPart :Semantic_Interoperability_Wikipedia ; :hasURL "http://www.wikipedia.org/" ; :isDescribedByBLOBatURL ; a :OnlineEncyclopedia, :WebSite ; rdfs:comment """The on-line encyclopedia created largely by unpaid volunteers""" . :WikipediaArticle :ldoce "article" ; :wnsense "article1n" ; :wordnet "article" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Article that is included in WikiPedia """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EncyclopediaArticle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wikipedia ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentElementOf ] . :WikipediaSite :hasProperPart :Semantic_Interoperability_Wikipedia ; a :WebSite . :Wild :ldoce "wild" ; :wnsense "wild2adj" ; :wordnet "wild" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of animals and plants meaning that they have not been domesticated or tamed - wild plants grow without human cultivation, wild animals have not become docile in the presence of people. NOTE that a zoo animal may still be Wild, though not 'in the wild'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'wild' in WordNet: 2. (5) wild, untamed - (in a natural state; not tamed or domesticated or cultivated; 'wild geese'; 'edible wild plants') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :WildAnimal :en "wild animal" ; :enn "wild animal" ; :guid "c100532b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :BeastType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$NonPersonAnimal. Each instance of this collection is a non-human animal that is not domesticated or tame. Note that a captive animal may still be a wild animal, e.g. zoo animals that are not tame or domesticated. Specializations of #$WildAnimal are returned by #$WildAnimalFn. See also #$CaptiveAnimal, #$DomesticatedAnimal.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalRole, :NonHumanAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wild ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WildCat :guid "bdf4dcb9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wildcat1n" ; :wordnet "wildcat" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WildCat'' is a ''Cat'' that has not been domesticated. CYC: A collection of medium-sized cats, including the lynx (e.g. the bobcat and Canada lynx of North America), the ocelot, serval, and caracal. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'wildcat' in WordNet: 3. (1) wildcat - (any small or medium-sized cat resembling the domestic cat and living in the wild) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FelisGenus, :Predator . :WildFire :wnsense "wildfire1n" ; :wordnet "wildfire" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WildFire' is a ''Conflagration'' that is not controlled and affects an ''OutdoorArea'' larger than an acre. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wildfire' in WordNet: 1. wildfire - (a raging and rapidly spreading conflagration) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conflagration, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OutdoorLocation ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :WildLife :wnsense "wildlife1n" ; :wordnet "wildlife" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of ''WildLife'' is the subgroup of 'LivingThings' that are non-domesticated ''NonHumanAnimal''s (''WildAnimal''s). The broadest subgroup is the Group of all ''WildAnimals'' living at any one time, but this type is usually used for the WildAnimals in some specific area. RHW: 1. undomesticated animals living in the wild, including those hunted for food, sport, or profit. NOTE: WN gloss does not seem to exclude flora, but the usual interpretation is only for animals, and WN has no subtype of animals only,so this is probably an imprecise gloss.. The interpretation here is animals only Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wildlife' in WordNet: 1. (3) wildlife - (all living things (except people) that are undomesticated; 'chemicals could kill all the wildlife') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfBeasts, :LivingThings, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :WildAnimal ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :WildOx :wnsense "ox2n", "wild ox1n" ; :wordnet "ox", "wild ox" ; a :AnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wild ox' in WordNet: 1. ox, wild ox - (any of various wild bovines especially of the genera Bos or closely related Bibos) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bovine, :Ruminant . :Wildcatter :wnsense "wildcatter1n" ; :wordnet "wildcatter" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wildcatter' in WordNet: 1. (1) wildcatter - (an oilman who drills exploratory wells in territory not known to be an oil field) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oilman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OilField ; owl:onProperty :typicallyWorksAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DrillingForOil ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Wilderness :guid "be00c5c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wilderness3n" ; :wordnet "wilderness" ; a :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A region that is not populated (other than by wild animals), and is not developed (except for the occasional log cabin or ranger station, etc.). It is nominally 'uninhabited' (having no permanent residents), though temporary camps and ranger stations may exist there, and explorers and 'frontiersman' may travel through. This can be small in extent, such as a patch of woods in a suburb, though it is usually a lot larger. Small wilderness areas might be distinguished if needed. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'wilderness' in WordNet: 3. wilderness, wild - (a wild and uninhabited area left in its natural condition; 'it was a wilderness preserved for the hawks and mountaineers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Habitat, :Place, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WildAnimal ; owl:minCardinality "10"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :isTheLocationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Uninhabited ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rural ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wildflower :guid "c0fdf83a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wild flower1n", "wildflower1n" ; :wordnet "wild flower", "wildflower" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wildflower' in WordNet: 1. wildflower, wild flower - (wild or uncultivated flowering plant) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FloweringPlant . :WildlifeRefuge :en "wildlife preserve", "wildlife refuge" ; :wnsense "preserve2n" ; :wordnet "preserve" ; a :HabitatType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WildlifeRefuge'' is a ''Preserve'' and a ''Refuge'' that is established by law, where wildlife can live and survive. To protect wildlife for the benefit of the good or pleasure they give to people, or just as an idealistic or moral obligation Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'preserve' in WordNet: 2. preserve - (a reservation where animals are protected) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Habitat, :NaturePreserve, :Refuge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Safe ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wildly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Wild ; :wnsense "wildly1adv" ; :wordnet "wildly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wildly'' is an AdverbialModifier that modifies adjectives to express the notion that the degree of the adjective is much greater than the nmodified adjective would express. Similar to Adverb instance ''greatly''. Exact meaning is context-dependent: 'estimates that are wildly unrealistic' i.e. much much too high or much much too low. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'wildly' in WordNet: 1. (11) wildly - (to an extreme or greatly exaggerated degree; 'the storyline is wildly unrealistic') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :WilliamJeffersonClinton :fillsTheRoleOf :PresidentOfOrganization ; :hasMassInGrams "95000"^^xsd:float ; :inContext :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :isAssociatedWithAgent :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :isEmployedBy :GovernmentOfTheUSA ; :isTheLeaderOf :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout :Politics ; :isaComponentElementOf :PresidentialCandidatesFor1992 ; :roleIsAssumedInEvent :ClintonIsElectedPresidentIn1992 ; :typicallyManages :UnitedStatesOfAmerica ; :wasSelectedInEvent :The1992US_PresidentialElection ; a :Choice, :LivingPerson, :UnitedStatesPresident ; rdfs:comment """The US President elected in November 1992; served until January 2001. Still alive as of November 2017. """ . :Willing :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Willingness ; :ldoce "willing" ; :wnsense "willing1adj" ; :wordnet "willing" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone experiencing 'Willingness'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'willing' in WordNet: 1. (22) willing - (disposed or inclined toward; 'a willing participant'; 'willing helpers') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonAttributeValue . :WillingSomething :wnsense "will2v", "wish3v" ; :wordnet "will", "wish" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'will' in WordNet: 2. (2) will, wish - (have in mind; 'I will take the exam tomorrow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulMentalActivity . :Willingly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Willing ; :wnsense "volitionally1adv", "willingly1adv" ; :wordnet "volitionally", "willingly" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'willingly' in Wordnet: 1. willingly, volitionally - (in a willing manner; 'I willingly accept') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Willingness :guid "c0b608b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "willingness1n" ; :wordnet "willingness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Feeling of willingness to participate in an event or situation; consenting or being prepared to participate. (#$feelsTowardsEvent AGENT EVENT #$Willingness DEGREE) means that AGENT is willing for EVENT to come about to DEGREE degree. Note: This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingType, see #$Happiness. A more specialized #$FeelingType than #$Willingness is #$Eagerness. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'willingness' in Wordnet: 1. (8) willingness - (cheerful compliance; 'he expressed his willingness to help') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Feeling, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Willing ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :WillowTree :guid "bd58a8eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "willow1n" ; :wordnet "willow" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A BotanicalTree of the genus Salix. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'willow' in WordNet: 1. (8) willow, willow tree - (any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeciduousTree . :Wilting :wnsense "wilt2v" ; :wordnet "wilt" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wilting'' is a phenomenon observed in plants, caused by any of several conditions including disease or dehdration. In dehydration, the leaves lose their siffness and bgein to curl. That may be reversed by giving them water. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'wilt' in WordNet: 2. wilt, droop - (become limp; 'The flowers wilted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Decaying, :DeteriorationEvent, :SeparationEvent . :Win :wnsense "win1n" ; :wordnet "win" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Win'' is the best outome of a contest, the achievement of a contestant who performs ''WinningaContest''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'win' in WordNet: 1. (2) win - (a victory (as in a race or other competition); 'he was happy to get the win') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimateActivity, :ContestResult, :SuccessfulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :GroupOfPeople ) ] ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WinningaContest ; owl:onProperty :isTheResultOf ] . :WinLossRecord :ennp "records" ; :ldoce "record" ; :wnsense "record2n" ; :wordnet "record" ; a :SignType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'PerformanceRecord' tallying the wins and losses of some sports team or individual for some period of time. The number of Wins or losses can be anything from 0 to a large integer. This may also include 'ties' in the record. Includes but is broader than noun sense 2 of 'record' in WordNet; this includes individual records as well as team records: in WordNet: 2. (169) record - (the number of wins versus losses and ties a team has had; 'at 9-0 they have the best record in their league') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PerformanceRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Win ; owl:minCardinality "0" ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WinningaContest ; owl:minCardinality "0" ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LosingaContest ; owl:minCardinality "0" ; owl:onProperty :isaRepresentationOf ] . :Wince :wnsense "wince1n" ; :wordnet "wince" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Wince' is a 'FacialExpression' that can express a perception of a sudden sharp pain,or a reaction to some event of disgust or dislike. The Appearance of this type of expression varies somewhat from person to Person. . Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wince' in WordNet: 1. wince - (the facial expression of sudden pain) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Dislike ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Wincing :eng "wincing" ; :wnsense "wince1v" ; :wordnet "wince" ; a :FacialExpressionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wincing'' is making a ''Wince'' (a 'FacialExpression') that can express a perception of a sudden sharp pain,or a reaction to some event of disgust or dislike. The Appearance of this type of expression varies somewhat from person to Person. . Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wince' in WordNet: 2. (1) wince - (make a face indicating disgust or dislike; 'She winced when she heard his pompous speech') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacialExpression, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wince ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :Wind :guid "bd58e8ad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wind" ; :wnsense "wind1n" ; :wordnet "wind" ; a :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: modified from Cyc, this is an Event in which an air current blows for some interval of time. The Corresponding FunctionalProcess is ''AirCurrent''. This is for a wind of any strength, and includes the gentle subype ''Breze'' and the strong subtype ''Gale''. NOTE: a range of values for a ''Wind'' may be represented as an instance of ''BandOfValues''. @ToDo: explicitly represent a 'range of speeds'?? @ToDo: represent the force on an object caused by Wind? Called 'WindProcess' in Cyc A specialization of both #$ImmediateWeatherProcess and #$FluidFlow-Translation. Each instance of #$WindProcess is an event in which the ambient air (or some significant part of the ambient air) at a #$GeographicalRegion is in motion. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind' in WordNet: 1. (29) wind, air current, current of air - (air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; 'trees bent under the fierce winds'; 'when there is no wind, row'; 'the radioactivity was being swept upwards by the air current and out into the atmosphere') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluidFlow-Translation, :ImmediateWeatherProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AirCurrent ; owl:onProperty :hasCorrespondingProcess ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Speed ; owl:onProperty :hasSalientAttributeType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ; owl:someValuesFrom :AverageSpeed ] . :WindChimes :en "wind chimes", "windchime" ; :guid "bfd3e6f3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wind bell1n", "wind chime1n" ; :wordnet "wind bell", "wind chime" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A set of ''Chimes'', a ''PercussionInstrument'', consisting of several tubes hung vertically and placed outdoors to make a pleasant ringing sound when the wind blows. used in an Orchestra. In CYC 'Windchime'. RHW: an arrangement of bells, bamboo pipes, or glass or ceramic fragments hung so as to strike each other and tinkle when moved by the wind or, in orchestration, touched by the hand. The possible types of individual chiming pieces are hard to represent in a parent type like this. Needs subtypes if specific kinds are to be represented. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind chime' in WordNet: 1. wind chime, wind bell - (a decorative arrangement of pieces of metal or glass or pottery that hang together loosely so the wind can cause them to tinkle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chimes . :WindDirection :en "wind direction" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Wind ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WindDirection'' is an OrientationMeasure indicating the direction in which the ''Wind'' is blowing.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrientationMeasure . :WindEnergy :en "wind energy" ; :guid "bd588eec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wind generation1n", "wind power1n" ; :wordnet "wind generation", "wind power" ; a :EnergyType, :NaturalResourceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """energy of the atmosphere in motion. Can be harnessed by windmills, turbines... Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind power' in WordNet: 1. wind generation, wind power - (power derived from the wind (as by windmills)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalEnergy, :RenewableEnergy . :WindInstrument-Musical :guid "bd58efc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wind instrument1n", "wind6n" ; :wordnet "wind", "wind instrument" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Musical instruments into which one blows air to produce a sound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wind instrument' in WordNet: 1. wind instrument, wind - (a musical instrument in which the sound is produced by an enclosed column of air that is moved by the breath) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device-SingleUser, :MusicalInstrument-Acoustic . :WindPoweredDevice :guid "bd58ff2d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$WindPoweredDevice is a specialization of #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$WindPoweredDevice is powered by the wind. Specializations of #$WindPoweredDevice include #$Windmill and #$Sailboat.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :KineticEnergyPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wind ; owl:onProperty :usesEnergySource ] . :WindStorm :wnsense "windstorm1n" ; :wordnet "windstorm" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WindStorm'' is a ''StormAsEvent'' predominantly characterized by high winds, possibly with some minor precipitation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windstorm' in Wordnet: 1. windstorm - (a storm consisting of violent winds) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StormAsEvent, :Wind . :WindSurfboard :wnsense "surfboard1n" ; :wordnet "surfboard" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WindSurfboard'' is a Device that has a buoyant support board like a ''Surfboard'', with a single ''Mast'' supporting a ''Sail'' so that the ''WindSurfboard'' can support a Person and """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :Device-SingleUser, :Device-UserControlled, :ManufacturedGoods, :SportsEquipment, :SupportingObject, :WindPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WindSurfing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Surfboard ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mast ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Sail ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :WindSurfing :eng "windsurfing" ; :wnsense "windsurf1v" ; :wordnet "windsurf" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'windsurf' in WordNet: 1. windsurf - (ride standing on a surfboard with an attached sail, on water; 'You cannot windsurf when the air is completely still') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AthleticActivity, :MovingOnTheWaterSurface, :WaterSportActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BodyOfWater ; owl:onProperty :occursOnTheSurfaceOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Shoreline ; owl:onProperty :occursAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wind ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WindSurfboard ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :Windiness :guid "e8a58634-2a5d-41d8-854a-da73c0efd6d7" ; :wnsense "breeziness1n", "windiness1n" ; :wordnet "breeziness", "windiness" ; a :EnvironmentType, :EventType, :WeatherType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$Quantity-Weather and #$Speed. Each instance of #$Windiness is a measure of how windy it is in a particular #$OutdoorLocation. At the low extreme (#$NoAmountFn #$Windiness), it is calm. At the high extreme (#$VeryHighAmountFn #$Windiness) The wind is moving extremely fast. To attribute a particular wind speed (e.g. 35 m.p.h.) use #$ambientWindSpeed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windiness' in WordNet: 1. breeziness, windiness - (a mildly windy state of the air) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EnvironmentalCondition, :ImmediateWeatherProcess, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Windy ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Windy ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Winding :isAnAttributeValueOf :Path-Simple ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :MultipleCurves ; :wnsense "tortuous2adj", "twisting2adj", "twisty1adj", "winding1adj" ; :wordnet "tortuous", "twisting", "twisty", "winding" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Being ''Winding'' is to be ''Curved'' in more than one section, so as to have multiple ''Curve''s. NOTE: 'voluminous' is too specialized, for coils; this is for paths. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'winding' in Wordnet: 1. (1) tortuous, twisting, twisty, winding, voluminous - (marked by repeated turns and bends; \"a tortuous road up the mountain\"; \"winding roads are full of surprises\"; \"had to steer the car down a twisty track\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curved . :WindingSomethingOntoaSpool :guid "bd5884ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wind" ; :wnsense "wind3v" ; :wordnet "wind" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each'WindingSomethingOntoaSpool' is an Event in which some sheet or cord-like object iw wound around a cylindrical shaft; this can be done for various purposes, usually as a means of storing some material compactly for later use. Note winding a string into a ball is not an instance of this type. For winding up a CoiledSpring, use 'WindingUpaSpring'. Linguistically, this kind of Event is signalled by a phrase such as 'wound around' or 'wound onto'; but 'wound around' can also be used for winding string or wrap arund bundles that are not SPools, so this clue is not definitive. In cyc called 'WindingProcess' CYC The collection of #$WindingProcesses by which a 1 or 2 dimensional object is wrapped around a solid object over and over. If this is done by rotation of the spool around its axis, the more specific term, #$Reeling, should be used. Note that this is distinct from the process of winding a watch (which is a type of #$CoilTightening), since the coil being wound already encircles the center post. Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of 'wind' in WordNet: 3. (2) wind, wrap, roll, twine - (wrap or coil around; 'roll your hair around your finger'; 'Twine the thread around the spool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compacting, :Motion, :PuttingSomethingSomewhere, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, :ShapingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :SpoolableObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spool ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ] . :WindingUpaSpring :ldoce "wind" ; :wnsense "wind5v" ; :wordnet "wind" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WindingUpaSpring' requires rotary torque and storese energy in the wound coil. @ToDo: represent the energy expended and stored? Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'wind' in WordNet: 5. wind, wind up - (coil the spring of (some mechanical device) by turning a stem; 'wind your watch') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compacting, :Motion, :ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :CoiledSpring ] . :Windmill :guid "bd58e2fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "windmill1n" ; :wordnet "windmill" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory and a specialization of #$WindPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$Windmill is a #$Tower with multiple rotating #$Vanes mounted on it, used for #$GeneratingPower from the wind (see #$WindProcess). @ToDo: power generators are 'wind turbines' and the ''GenericVane'' should be replaced by a more specific Windmill vane. SUMO: Windmill is the subclass of Engines that produce mechanical power from Wind energy. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windmill' in Wordnet: 1. (1) windmill - (a mill that is powered by the wind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Engine, :Tower, :WindPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grinding ; owl:onProperty :hasDesignFunction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GenericVane ; owl:onProperty :hasPhysicalPart ] . :Window :guid "bd589e6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "window" ; :wnsense "window1n", "window2n" ; :wordnet "window" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO a Window is the solid, sheetlike, usually planar but possibly curved object that forms the barrier in the opening called a 'WindowPortal', which in Cyc and COSMO is a type of 'Portal'. A 'Window' includes both the glass (or plastic) and the frame in which the glass is set. The glass is a WindowPane, and there may be more than one WindowPane in a Window. A screen in a Window opening is not a Window. NOTE that a 'Window' may be made of stained glass, therefore is not necessarily 'transparent', as suggested by the CYC and SUMO descriptions. Cyc: (WindowThePortalCovering) The physical object which 'covers' or fills in the #$WindowPortal. It is a physical barrier, but because it is made primarily of glass, it allows light to enter. SUMO An Artifact composed of transparent glass or plastic that admits light (and possibly air) into a Room, Building or Vehicle. Approximately the same as sense 2 of 'Window' in WordNet, but is not necessarily transparent and is not necessarily made of glass, and this includes the frame (if any) into which the WindowPane is set, but does not include any part of the structure of the wall. in WordNet: 1. (72) window - (a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air) 2. (6) window - (a transparent opening in a vehicle that allows vision out of the sides or back; usually is capable of being opened) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :PortalCovering, :SheetOfSomeStuff, :Wall-GenericBarrier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WindowPane ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasPhysicalPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WindowPortal ; owl:onProperty :isNormallyLocatedAt ] . :WindowCurtain :en "window curtain" ; :enn "window curtain" ; :guid "bd589cb8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "curtain1n", "drape1n", "drapery1n" ; :wordnet "curtain", "drape", "drapery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of hanging, cloth window coverings - curtains, drapes, etc. NOTE: this is for the covering of one window,and may be in two or three pieces. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'curtain' in WordNet: 1. (6) curtain, drape, drapery, mantle, pall - (hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Curtain, :FabricObject, :PortalCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Window ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ] . :WindowFrame :wnsense "picture frame1n", "window frame1n" ; :wordnet "picture frame", "window frame" ; a :ContainerType, :HolderType, :SolidObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WindowFrame'' is the part of a Building that holds a ''Window''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'window frame' in WordNet: 1. window frame - (the framework that supports a window) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Frame, :Holder, :PlanarObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Window ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToHold ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Window ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isaComponentPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Flat ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WindowLedge :en "ledge", "window ledge" ; :wnsense "sill1n", "windowsill1n" ; :wordnet "sill", "windowsill" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WindowLedge is the horizontal surface either on the outside or inside of the lower part of a window portal. This is restricted to horizontal window ledges, that can hold things like flower pots, and is not applicable to sloping window ledges that cannot serve as a supporting surface for non-attached objects. the only sense of 'ledge' in WN is for natural formations. This sense is closer to sense 1 in RHW: 1. a relatively narrow, projecting part, as a horizontal, shelflike projection on a wall or a raised edge on a tray. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windowsill' in WordNet: 1. (1) windowsill - (the sill of a window; the horizontal member at the bottom of the window frame) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shelf, :Sill, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WindowPortal ; owl:onProperty :isTheBottomPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Horizontal ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WindowPane :guid "bd588640-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "window" ; :wnsense "window6n", "windowpane1n" ; :wordnet "window", "windowpane" ; a :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A specialization of #$SolidTangibleProduct and #$ConstructionArtifact. Each instance of this collection is a sheet of transparent material (usually made of glass, but could be plastic or isinglass (mica)) in a #$WindowPortal. These days, a window generally has just one window pane. COSMO note: this is the 'window' that is referred to in phrases such as 'broke the window'. This is a 'Transparent' single window pane - church windows with stained glass and windows made of shaped sections with lead connections are not included. Corresponds to noun sense 6 of 'window' and sense 1 of 'windowpane' in WordNet: 6. windowpane, window - (a pane of glass in a window; 'the ball shattered the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionArtifact, :DeviceWithNoMovingParts, :TransparentPlate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Window ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Transparent ; owl:onProperty :typicallyHasAttribute ] . :WindowPortal :guid "bd58f957-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "window" ; :wnsense "window7n" ; :wordnet "window" ; a :PhysicalFeatureType, :PhysicalObjectType, :RegionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this type is for window openings in both buildings and vehicles. For specifically the openings in buildings, use 'BuildingWindow'. For the transparent glass or plastic that covers a WindowPortal, use 'Window'. CYC: #$WindowPortal is a specialization of #$Portal and #$PhysicalPartOfObject. Each instance of #$WindowPortal is a portal found in a human occupation construct, typically covered by some instance of #$WindowThePortalCovering (q.v.). Corresponds to noun senses 7 of 'window' in WordNet: 7. window - (an opening in the wall of a building (usually to admit light and air); 'he stuck his head in the window') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CavityWithWalls, :Portal, :SpaceInAHOC . :WindowScreen :guid "bd58f537-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "window screen1n" ; :wordnet "window screen" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$WindowPortal may have one of two types of PortalCoverings: #$WindowThePortalCovering or #$WindowScreen. Both are physical barriers, unlike a #$WindowCovering which blocks light. A #$WindowScreen is a sheet of screen with a frame around it. It is often a removable fixture. NOTE: the 'sheet of screen' CYC mentions is a ''Screen'' (a piece of ''Screening''). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'window screen' in WordNet: 1. window screen - (screen to keep insects from entering a building through the open window) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, :PhysicalFilter, :PortalCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Screen ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :WindowSeat :en "window-seat" ; :wnsense "window seat1n" ; :wordnet "window seat" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WindowSeat'' is any ''Bench''that is built in to a structure (usually in a residence) just in front of and below a ''Window''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'window seat in WordNet: 1. window seat - (a bench or similar seat built into a window recess) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bench, :Fixture, :FurniturePiece, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfTwoOrMorePeople ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToSupport ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Window ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Window ; owl:onProperty :isInFrontOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Window ; owl:onProperty :isBelow ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isInsideOf ] . :WindowShutter :wnsense "shutter2n" ; :wordnet "shutter" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WindowShutter'' is a ''PortalCovering'' attached to the outside of a ''Window'' that keeps out light and protects the Window from outside objects that might fly into it in a ''Gale''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'shutter' in WordNet: 2. (5) shutter - (a hinged blind for a window) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartOfBuilding, :PortalCovering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WindowFrame ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :Windshield :guid "c1006313-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "windshield1n" ; :wordnet "windshield" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: a Window located in front of the the driver, or front passenger, in a vehicle. Not restricted to cars. @ToDo - specify located in front SUMO: Any VehicleWindow which located at the front of an Automobile. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windshield' in WordNet: 1. (3) windshield, windscreen - (transparent screen (as of glass) to protect occupants of a vehicle) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VehicleWindow . :Windsock :guid "bf73f4b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "windsock1n" ; :wordnet "windsock" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windsock' in WordNet: 1. windsock, wind sock, sock, air sock, air-sleeve, wind sleeve, wind cone, drogue - (a truncated cloth cone mounted on a mast; used (e.g., at airports) to show the direction of the wind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DisplayDevice, :MeasuringDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WindDirection ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Cloth ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TruncatedCone ; owl:onProperty :hasTheShapeOfa ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pole ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TopOfaPole ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Windy :isAnAttributeValueOf :EarthsAtmosphere ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Wind ; :wnsense "windy1n" ; :wordnet "windy" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of 'WeatherAttributeValue' that describes a Day (or other time interval) notable for having significant gusts or continuous ''Wind''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'windy' in WordNet: 1. (2) blowy, breezy, windy - (abounding in or exposed to the wind or breezes; 'blowy weather'; 'a windy bluff') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WeatherAttributeValue . :Wine :guid "bd589817-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wine" ; :wnsense "wine1n" ; :wordnet "wine" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: An AlcoholicBeverage that is prepared by fermenting the juice of grapes. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'wine' in WordNet - resstricted to wine made from grapes: in WordNet: 1. (9) wine, vino - (fermented juice (of grapes especially)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlcoholicBeverage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Grape ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GrapeJuice ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fermented ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :WineBottle :guid "bd58d4bb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wine bottle1n" ; :wordnet "wine bottle" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Bottle in which wine is packaged and stored. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wine bottle' in WordNet: 1. wine bottle - (a bottle for holding wine) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FoodVessel, :GlassBottle . :WineCooler :en "wine cooler" ; :wnsense "cooler2n" ; :wordnet "cooler" ; a :BeverageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Cooler'' of 'wine cooler' (not to be confused with an ice bucket) is a sweetish mildly alcoholic beverage usually served with ice in it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'cooler' in WordNet: 2. cooler - (an iced drink especially white wine and fruit juice) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlcoholicBeverage, :Mixture, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wine ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :FruitJuice ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentSubstance ] . :WineGlass :guid "bd589fc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wineglass1n" ; :wordnet "wineglass" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Distinctively-shaped glass used for drinking wine. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wine glass' in WordNet: 1. (1) wineglass - (a glass that has a stem and in which wine is served) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DrinkingGlass . :WineObject :en "wine object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WineObject'' is a ''PhysicalObject'' consisting mostly or saliently of some quantity of ''Wine''. A full ''BottleOfWine' would typically have Wine as its main constituent substance (by weight), but the glass content of a half-empty bottle might weigh more than the remaining contents. Nevertheless that bottle with its remaining contents would still be an instance of this type. When the Wine becomes a small fraction of the weight, the bottle plus contents no longer would be an instance, though the contained wine would. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wine ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :WineVintage :wnsense "time of origin1n", "vintage2n" ; :wordnet "time of origin", "vintage" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This takes as value the Year during which a particular ottle or batch of Wine was produced. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'vintage' in WordNet: 2. vintage, time of origin - (the oldness of wines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Year, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WineObject ; owl:onProperty :isTheCreationTimeOf ] . :Winery :guid "c0fdeb0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "winery1n" ; :wordnet "winery" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Winery'' is *any* place where one of the main functions is to create ''Wine'' This is usually at a fatory of some kind,but can be small, as in a garage of a basement, but has to be one of the major activities and done there more than occasonally. NOTE: this is a building or building part, so the large farms where grapes are grown and wine is made, or the companies that make wine are not included in this type. In CYC a ''Winery'' is a Company, Therefore this is note close to the CYC meaning. CYC: A collection of organization, a specialization of #$FoodProcessingEstablishment. Instances of #$Winery are producing wine [#$Wine]. These are not necessarily, but may, also be instances of #$Vineyard. Corresponds approximately in part to noun sense 1 of 'winery' in WordNet - but ''Wine'' is not made by distilling so the WN parent is incorrect.: in WordNet: 1. winery, wine maker - (distillery where wine is made) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Building, :ShelterConstruction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wine ; owl:onProperty :createsObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Vineyard ; owl:onProperty :usesResource ] . :Wing :ldoce "wing" ; :wnsense "wing1n" ; :wordnet "wing" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The forelimbs of birds and bats, homologous to the human arm; used for flying through the air, except for the case of flightless birds.. **not** for airplane wings. This includes Wings that have been removed from a Bird, and cooked; see 'CookedWingOfFowl'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wing' in WordNet: 1. (8) wing - (a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart . :WingOfaBuilding :ldoce "wing" ; :wnsense "wing9n" ; :wordnet "wing" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WingOfaBuilding' is part of a Building that is directly connected to the main building, but could be a complete structure in itself, ground to top floors. Corresponds to noun sense 9 of 'wing' in WordNet: 9. annex, annexe, extension, wing - (an addition that extends a main building) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AirplanePart, :ManufacturedGoods, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Winking :en "winking" ; :wnsense "wink2v" ; :wordnet "wink" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'''Winking'' is a 'ClosingEyes'' in which *one* eye is closed briely, usually as a form of signal. This is often an involuntary reflex, but can be done voluntarily. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wink' in WordNet: 1. (10) wink - (signal by winking; 'She winked at him') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClosingEyes . :Winner :performsAction :WinningaContest ; :wnsense "winner1n", "winner2n" ; :wordnet "winner" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Winner' is a 'Contestant' who won a ConflictEvent. For cases where there are multiple Winners of equal status (ties for first, or a member of a winning team), the 'Winner' can be a Group of agents. This is for the winner of any particular contest: one who wins second place.will be the winner of the contest for second place. For multiple prize contests, a first-pace Winner sould be a subtype (not yet r851 represented) Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'winner' and senses 1 and 2 of 'victor' in WordNet: 1. (2) winner, victor - - (the contestant who wins the contest) 2. winner - - (a gambler who wins a bet) WN 'victor': 1. (1) victor, master, superior - - (a combatant who is able to defeat rivals) 2. winner, victor - - (the contestant who wins the contest) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Contestant, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasTheAgentInAction ; owl:someValuesFrom :WinningaContest ] . :WinningAnAward :en "receive an award", "receiving an award", "win an award" ; :eng "winning an award" ; :enn "receiving an award" ; :env "receive an award", "win an award" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WinningAnAward''is the act of being awarded something, reciprocal of ''AwardingAnHonor''. This is for 'winning' an award that is given only to one or a few people each year (or other longer time interval), selected by some GroupOfPeople from a group of 'candidates'. Examples are a Nobel Prize, an Academy Award, a Fields Medal, or something else symbolizing a notable achievement. This is not a 'winning a contest', since the achievement symbolized is not intended to be part of a competition with losers,but achieving something good in itself. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReceivingAnObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom :AwardType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AwardingAnHonor ; owl:onProperty :hasReciprocalEvent ] . :WinningScore a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WinningScore'' is an Integer that is the FinalScore for the Winner of a ''DualScoreEvent''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IndividualScore, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isOwnedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Winner ] . :WinningaCardGame :isPerformedBy :Winner ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WinningaCardGame'' is a ''WinningaContest'' in which the Contest is a ''PlayingACardGame''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WinningaContest, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PlayingACardGame ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ] . :WinningaContest :en "winning" ; :guid "bd589ab6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270", "bd6bf223-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isPerformedBy :Winner ; :ldoce "victory", "win" ; :wnsense "triumph1n", "triumph1v", "victory1n", "win1v" ; :wordnet "triumph", "victory", "win" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WinningaContest' is a broad sense of 'winning' including winning at trivial games, winning a war, winning a court case, or winning some prize in a lottery. There appears to be no such general type in OpenCyc, but some more specialized types (comments below) are included in this COSMO type. NOTE that one can 'win' one subevent of an extended contest, and still lose the whole contest. This sense of 'WinningaContest' applies to any discrete and identifiable segment of a contest or a whole contest. It does not include the notion of 'being in a winning position', and therefore is not applied to phrases such as 'he is winning his game'. Only a completed contest (including discrete battles that are part of a war) can be represented by this COSMO type. NOTE also that 'WinningaContest' is represented as part of a larger ConflictEvent, and therefore is not an instantaneous Event, but includes some part of the ConflictEvent preceding its actual terminating time point. 'WinningaContest' is also represented as being **caused by** a ConflictEvent, which somewhat stretches the usual meaning of 'cause' (if it were an object, it would be the *result* of a ConflictEvent). Cyc: ('Winning') A collection of collections. Each instance of #$Winning is a collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that are in a winning position in some conflict event. When a participant is winning, it generally means that some advantage is held over the opponent(s) in the conflict, even if the advantage is only temporary. Instances of this collection will usually be functionally denoted using #$WinningFn. For instance, (#$WinningFn WAR) denotes the collection of instances of #$IntelligentAgent that were in a winning position throughout WAR. Cyc: 'WinningAGamePortion': Winning one portion of a game that is divided up into smaller games, bouts, or sets. For example, winning a set of tennis or a bout in fencing. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'win', and verb sense 1 of 'triumph' and noun sense 1 of 'victory' and sense 1 of 'triumph' in WordNet: 1. (262) win - (be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious; 'He won the Gold Medal in skating'; 'Our home team won'; 'Win the game') WN verb 'triumph': 1. (1) prevail, triumph - (prove superior; 'The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight') WN noun 'victory': 1. (42) victory, triumph - (a successful ending of a struggle or contest; 'a narrow victory'; 'the general always gets credit for his army's victory'; 'clinched a victory'; 'convincing victory'; 'the agreement was a triumph for common sense') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConflictEvent, :GoodThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Winner ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isGoodFor ; owl:someValuesFrom :Winner ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTheEndingSubEventOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConflictEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasCausedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConflictEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WinningaMedal ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :WinningaMedal :en "receive a medal", "receiving a medal", "win a medal" ; :eng "winning a medal" ; :enn "receiving a medal" ; :env "receive a medal", "win a medal" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WinningaMedal'' is a ''WinningAnAward'' in which the ''Award'' includes some form of ''Medal'' and possibly other tangible or intangible Awards, such as money or rank. .Examples are a Nobel Prize or a Fields Medal. NOTE: this Action isCausedBy ''WinningaContest''. The NobelPrize is a borderline case, as the winners may not even be aware that they have been nominated (most are aware), but it is a choice among possible winners, so the deliberations of the NobelPrize committes are considered as contest for this situation. Some other 'prizes' may be similar in not being direct conscious competition. The 'Oscar' of an Academy Award is not a ''Medal''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WinningAnAward, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectObtained ; owl:someValuesFrom :Medal ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Medalist ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WinningaContest ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :WinterCoat :en "winter coat" ; :enn "winter coat" ; :guid "c0fbc9fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Coats worn as #$OuterGarments. One of the main functions of the #$WinterCoat is to protect its wearer against the cold.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coat, :WarmClothingItem . :WinterSeason :guid "bd5901c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The SeasonOfYear that begins at the winter solstice and ends at the spring equinox. Cyc: A specialization of #$ColdSeason. In the #$TemperateClimateCycle, generally a time of cold and dormancy. #$WinterSeason represents the climatic aspects of Winter; for its purely temporal aspects, see #$CalendarWinter.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColdSeason ; owl:disjointWith :FallSeason, :SpringSeason, :SummerSeason . :Wiping :guid "bd58e9ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wipe1v" ; :wordnet "wipe" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Rubbing a cloth, towel, paper towel, sponge, or other soft object over a (smooth) surface for the purpose of removing material from the surface of an Object. This is usually done with something in the hand, but can be done by a machine, so 'usedBodyPart' cannot be a restriction here, perhaps a subtype 'HandDrying'?? In CYC called 'WipingSomething'. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'wipe' in Wordnet, but a 'circular motion' is not necessary: in WordNet: 1. (17) wipe, pass over - (rub with a circular motion; 'wipe the blackboard'; 'He passed his hands over the soft cloth') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionOnObject, :CleaningaSurfaceEvent, :Rubbing . :WipingTheAnus :en "wiping one's anus", "wiping one's ass", "wiping one's behind" ; :wnsense "wipe1v" ; :wordnet "wipe" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WipingTheAnus'' is an action taken to clean the skin around the anus after defecating. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wiping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Anus ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectCleaned ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Defecating ; owl:onProperty :typicallyFollows ] . :Wire :guid "bd58f5c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wire" ; :wnsense "wire1n" ; :wordnet "wire" ; a :BarOrWireType, :MalleableThingType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Wire is the Type of which all instances are pieces of wire - this is a category of physical objects, not of substances. For wire as a substance, use 'WireStuff'. Cyc: A collection of physical devices, namely all the slender stringlike pieces of metal, with or without insulative casing. Various instances of #$Wire are designed for and serve many different functions: connecting, carrying electrical power and/or electrically coded information, heat or light radiation, etc. Pieces of wire may be coated with insulation (instances of #$InsulatingCover). Wires not intended to carry electricity are still instances of this collection; e.g., wires that are used in a piano, in a person's dental braces, etc. SUMO: A long, thin strand of Metal that is used in a wide range of applications, including the wiring of electrical systems, creating bundles and the construction of cages. includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'wire' in WordNet: 1. (15) wire - (ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc) 2. (5) wire, conducting wire - (a metal conductor that carries electricity over a distance) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Artifact-NonAgentive, :CordlikeObject, :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :WireType ] . :WireGauge :isAnAttributeValueOf :Circle ; :takesValue :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "gauge4n" ; :wordnet "gauge" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WireGauge'' is a Diameter of a ''Wire'' that is expressed in units of measure specific to wires. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'gauge' in WordNet: 4. gauge - (the thickness of wire) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Diameter . :WireStuff a :SolidSubstanceType, :SubstanceShapeType, :WireType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WireStuff is a Substance consisting of some Metal in a filamentous shape. Every piece of Wire is made of some WireStuff. Wire can be fairly rigid, as in 'wire nail', a nail made from WireStuff. For an object made of WireStuff, use 'Wire'""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtificialSubstance, :Metal, :SolidSubstance, :SubstanceInaSpecificShape . :WireType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """WireType is a metatype which is a specialization of the Protege owl:Class that can serve as type for different kinds of wire and an argument restriction for the relations on chemical elements. This is a primitive mechanism to accommodate OWL limitations on relation arguments.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceShapeType, :SubstanceType . :Wireless :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking :Wire ; :wnsense "wireless1adj" ; :wordnet "wireless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This attribute ''Wireless'' is an attribute for anything that does not have or use a ''Wire''. For the meaning of 'wireless' used in electronic devices that communicate by radio waves, use ''OverTheAir''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wireless' in Wordnet: 1. wireless - (having no wires; 'a wireless security system') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :WirelessCommunication :guid "c0e3246a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "radio1n", "radiocommunication1n", "wireless1n", "wireless2n" ; :wordnet "radio", "radiocommunication", "wireless" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of communication events in which the information is carried by radio waves. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wireless' in WordNet: 1. radio, radiocommunication, wireless - (medium for communication) 2. wireless - (transmission by radio waves) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Telecommunication, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RadioWaveTransmission ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :OverTheAir ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WirelessCommunicationDevice ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ] . :WirelessCommunicationDevice :en "wireless communication device" ; :enn "wireless communication device" ; :guid "bd7d54b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$CommunicationDevices in which the communication signals are either not transmitted or not received entirely over a wire. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicationDevice, :ElectronicDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WirelessCommunication ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WirelessCommunication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wireless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wiretapping :eng "wiretapping" ; :wnsense "bug2v", "intercept2v", "tap5v", "tap7n", "wiretap1n", "wiretap1v" ; :wordnet "bug", "intercept", "tap", "wiretap" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """If not done by a government agency with proper authorization, ''Wiretapping'' is usually illegal. NOTE: this is for intercepting any form of communication using an electrical device, including wireless. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wiretap' in WordNet: 1. wiretap, tap, intercept, bug - (tap a telephone or telegraph wire to get information; 'The FBI was tapping the phone line of the suspected spy'; 'Is this hotel room bugged?') WN noun 'wiretap': 1. wiretap, tap - (the act of tapping a telephone or telegraph line to get information) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eavesdropping, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CommunicationDevice ; owl:onProperty :usesDeviceType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Illegal ; owl:onProperty :mayHaveAttribute ] . :WiringSystem :en "wiring system" ; :enn "wiring system" ; :wnsense "wiring1n" ; :wordnet "wiring" ; a :DeviceType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WiringSystem'' is a Group of two or more ''ElectricalWire''s arranged to transmit current (and voltage) within some larger ''FunctionalSystem''. This includes long-distance power transmission systems (e.g. subtype ''ElectricPowerGrid''), indoor electrical wiring, and the wiring inside electrical and electronic devices. NOTE: in WodrNet the parent is an ''ElectricCircuit', but this type may have many more than one ElectricCircuit in it, and includes ''ElectricCircuit'' as a component rather than a parent type.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wiring' in WordNet: 1. wiring - (a circuit of wires for the distribution of electricity) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem, :CurrentTransmittingDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricalWire ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentObjectType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ElectricCircuit ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Wisdom :ldoce "wisdom" ; :wnsense "wisdom1n" ; :wordnet "wisdom" ; a :ValuableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Wisdom' is some body of Knowledge derived from Experience (at least two Events) that includes not only some set of facts, but additional knowledge about how those facts can be applied to guide Action so as to avoid making mistakes. This interpretation of 'Wisdom' is used to distinguish this type logically from other types of knowledge. For the human Trait of being Wise, use 'Wiseness' - habitual Wise behavior. Someone exhibiting 'Wiseness' will typically have 'Wisdom' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wisdom' in WordNet: 1. (5) wisdom - (accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledge, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Experience ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ProbablyTrue ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wise :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :WiseAct ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :GoodJudgment, :Wiseness ; :isTheOppositeOf :Foolish, :Unwise ; :ldoce "wise" ; :wnsense "wise1adj" ; :wordnet "wise" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of someone who is 'Knowledgeable' about some Topic and also uses that Knowledge to exhibit 'Wiseness', acting habitually in a Wise manner. It is an attribute of people characterizing the manner in which people behave, specifically behaving in a manner showing forethought and understanding of the consequences of an action; of actions, well considered and likely to achieve the intended result.Just having a lot of knowledge does not make one Wise - using that knowledge so as to avoid making mistakes is the criterion for this type. To characterize *acts* that exhibit Wisdom, use 'Judicious'. NOTE that in the WordNet gloss 'a wise and perceptive comment' would be characterized as 'judicious' in the COSMO, because a communication is an Action, not a Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wise' in WordNet, pertaining to People: in WordNet: 1. (13) wise - (having or prompted by wisdom or discernment; 'a wise leader'; 'a wise and perceptive comment') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Knowledgeable . :WiseAct :en "wise act" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WiseAct' is an Action that exhibits that the actor has ''Wiseness'' (=Wisdom); the act itself has the attribute 'Judicious'. It is a subtype of 'HelpingAnAgent' because a Wise act is one that avoids making mistakes, and that helps avoid harm; the agent helped could be the agent performing the act. NOTE that the restriction that the agent is 'Wise' means only in this respect. The same agent can do something foolish (a ''FoolishAct'') in a different situation. The restriction indicates that the agent of this action is ''Wise'', at least during the performance of this act (which does not necessarily entail ''Wisdom'' as a trait). (e.g. 'it was a wise to do that') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HelpingAnAgent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Judicious ; owl:onProperty :hasAttributeValue ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wise ; owl:onProperty :agentHasAttribute ] ; owl:disjointWith :FoolishAct . :WiseChoosing a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WiseChoosing' is a 'Choosing' that exhibits Wisdom, i.e. is 'Judicious'. Each 'WiseChoosing' produces some 'CorrectChoice'. A choosing situation may have more than one 'Correct' choice; usually there is some incorrect choice, but there may be no difference in outcomes or even in probability of outcomes when information is scanty; but to be a 'WiseChoosing' there should be at least one poor choice that would produce an inferior outcome (from the perspecttive of the one who is to benefit from the Choosing). A 'WiseChoosing' is 'Judicious' (the COSMO term meaning 'Wise' for actions). Each instance of this type inherits the 'Judicious' attribute from 'WiseAct'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Choosing, :WiseAct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :CorrectChoice ] . :Wisely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Wise ; :wnsense "sagely1adv", "wisely1adv" ; :wordnet "sagely", "wisely" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'wisely' in Wordnet: 1. (2) wisely, sagely - (in a wise manner; 'she acted wisely when she invited her parents') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Wiseness :disposesToAction :WiseAct ; :isAbilityToPerformActionType :WiseAct ; :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute :Wise ; :ldoce "wisdom", "wiseness" ; :wnsense "wisdom2n", "wisdom4n", "wiseness1n", "wiseness2n" ; :wordnet "wisdom", "wiseness" ; a :CapabilityType, :PersonalityTraitType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Wiseness' is a 'PersonTrait' (a Trait) of those who often or habitually behave in a Wise manner, i.e. perform WiseActs, or give wise (sage) advice, or exercise 'GoodJudgment'. A large store of useful knowledge is represented as 'Wisdom'. Someone exhibiting 'Wiseness' will typically have 'Wisdom' A Subtype (distinguishable?) would be 'GoodJudgment' (a term used because 'Judgment' is being used to refer to an act of judging) Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'wiseness' and senses 2 and 4 of 'wisdom' in WordNet: 1. wisdom, wiseness, soundness - (the quality of being prudent and sensible) 2. wisdom, wiseness - (the trait of utilizing knowledge and experience with common sense and insight) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersonalityTrait . :Wish :ldoce "wish" ; :wnsense "wish2n", "wish4n" ; :wordnet "wish" ; a :ActionType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Wish' is a DirectedFeeling in some ways similar to a 'Desire' in that it is directed toward some Situation that the agent would like to see occur. However, a Wish can relate to some past event, not only to some FutureEvent (instance of 'FutureSituation'). ('I wish that she hadn't done that'). I is also less likely that a Wish will lead to some Action than that a Desire will do so - a Wish can be fairly abstract and weak, not closely related to the main interests of an agent: ('I wish that China would quit censoring the internet'). A wish that is expressed explicitly in language is represented as a ' For the sense of 'wish' directed toward a FutureSituation, use 'Desire'. Corresponds to noun senses 2 and 4 of 'wish' in WordNet: 2. (2) wish, indirect request - (an expression of some desire or inclination; 'I could tell that it was his wish that the guests leave'; 'his crying was an indirect request for attention') 4. wish - (the particular preference that you have; 'it was his last wish'; 'they should respect the wishes of the people') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Desire, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDesiredSituation ; owl:someValuesFrom :SituationProcessEventOrState ] . :Wistful :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Melancholy, :Nostalgia, :Wistfulness ; :wnsense "pensive2adj", "wistful1adj" ; :wordnet "pensive", "wistful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wistful'' is the attribute of a Person who is thinking in a slightly sad way, as of someone recalling good times or friendships of the past that can no longer be enjoyed. 'Memories of the way we were' RHW: 1. characterized by melancholy; longing; yearning. 2. pensive, esp. in a melancholy way. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wistful' in Wordnet: 1. pensive, wistful - (showing pensive sadness; 'the sensitive and wistful response of a poet to the gentler phases of beauty') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Wistfulness :wnsense "wistfulness1n" ; :wordnet "wistfulness" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wistfulness'' is a ''Longing'' to return to some past situation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wistfulness' in WordNet: 1. wistfulness - (a sadly pensive longing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Longing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wistful ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ] . :Witch :guid "c0f7ed19-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "witch2n" ; :wordnet "witch" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The classic evil 'witch', old, ugly, and in league with the Devil, as in the 'Wizard of Oz' 'wicked witch of the west'. This is mythical as Witches performing real Witchcraft do not exist in the Real World. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'witch' in WordNet: 2. (2) witch - (a being (usually female) imagined to have special powers derived from the devil) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :MagicalPerson, :MythicalThing, :OldHuman, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Evil ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ugly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Witch ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :WitchDoctor :wnsense "witch doctor1n" ; :wordnet "witch doctor" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WitchDoctor'' is a ''Healer'' who attempts to heal ann ailment by use of some form of magic, usually including incantations or manipulation of magical objects. This type includes any Healer that uses some form of magic,including the more specific subtype ''Shaman''. A 'shaman' may also serve as a healer, but that Role has some relgious character not necessary for a ''WitchDoctor'' and has other functions. Unclear distinction. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'witch doctor' in WordNet: 1. (2) witch doctor - (someone who is believed to heal through magical powers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Healer, :MagicalPerson . :WitchDroodle :hasAbstractRepresentation :WitchDroodleGif ; :hasMassInGrams "1"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PatrickCassidy ; :isaPhysicalPartOf :PriceDroodleBook123 ; :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf :FictionalDrowningWitch ; :wasCreatedBy :RogerPrice ; a :Cartoon, :LineDrawing ; rdfs:comment """This LineDrawing is a copy of one of Roger Price's best known 'droodles', simple line drawings whose meanings can be puzzling at first, but become clear when the title is read. This specific picture appears in a copy of Price's book owned by Patrick Cassidy. @mod59 added type cartoon Although there is a physical instance of this drawing, the specific instance is not specified (it is among other places in one of Price's books, estimated mass of that page ca. 1 g) @Q: 'wasCreatedBy' - only the original image was actually created by Price - the abstract image was. The book copy created by whom? NOTE that the Book-Abstract requires a superfluous link to the physical book. Make that optional? """ . :WitchDroodleGif :hasURL "http://www.micra.com/COSMO/images/WitchDroodle.GIF" ; a :ComputerImageFile . :Witchcraft :guid "bdde529d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "witchcraft1n", "witchery1n" ; :wordnet "witchcraft", "witchery" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all #$ParanormalEvents performed by #$Witches. Includes things like casting spells and flying on #$WitchBroomsticks. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'witchcraft' in WordNet: 1. witchcraft, witchery - (the art of sorcery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagicAction, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Witch ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :WithAnAcccent :en "with an accent" ; :enadv "with an accent" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SouthernDrawl ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WithAnAcccent'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies a ''Speaking'' Action to assert that the pronuncition was similar to that of people who speak in an ''Accent'' ''PronunciationManner''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :WithDifficulty :en "with difficulty" ; :enadv "with difficulty" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Difficult ; :isTheOppositeOf :Easily ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WithDifficulty'' is the closest adverbial phrase having the approximate meaning of 'difficultly', but that word is not the dictionary.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :WithaSouthernDrawl :en "with a Southern drawl" ; :enadv "with a Southern drawl" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :SouthernDrawl ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WithaSouthernDrawl'' is an ''AdverbOfManner'' that modifies a ''Speaking'' Action to assert that the pronuncition was similar to that of people who speak with a ''SouthernDrawl'' pronunciation. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :Withdrawing :wnsense "draw back1v", "get out3v", "move back1v", "pull away1v", "pull back1v", "pull out1v", "retire3v", "withdraw1v", "withdrawal3n" ; :wordnet "draw back", "get out", "move back", "pull away", "pull back", "pull out", "retire", "withdraw", "withdrawal" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Withdrawing'' is the act of a Person or GroupOfPeople a ''LeavingaPlace'' where the place left can be specified, but is not a container. (For troop wihdrawals see subtype ''MilitaryWithdrawal'' This type is any ''LeavingaPlace'', even by one person when staying is considered to be in some way unpleasant or undesirable. That is, the motive is not just to get to another place, but to 'get out' of some situation. Corresponds to verb sense 1 and vern sense 1 of 'pull out' of 'withdraw' and noun sense 3 of 'withdrawal' in WordNet: 1. (9) withdraw, retreat, pull away, draw back, recede, pull back, retire, move back - (pull back or move away or backward; 'The enemy withdrew'; 'The limo pulled away from the curb') WN verb 'pull out': 1. (4) pull out, get out - (move out or away; 'The troops pulled out after the cease-fire') WN noun 'withdrawal': 3. (1) withdrawal - (the act of withdrawing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExitingSomething, :LeavingaPlace, :Receding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople ) ] ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :WithdrawingAnAbstractObject :wnsense "draw off2v", "draw13v", "take out8v", "take17v", "withdraw10v", "withdraw7v", "withdrawal2v" ; :wordnet "draw", "draw off", "take", "take out", "withdraw", "withdrawal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WithdrawingAnAbstractObject'' is a ''RemovingSomething'' where a quantity of some ''AbstractSubstance'' (e.g. energy or money or information) that is contained in some source or suply is taken out so that (for money or energy) it is no longer within the original container and held (as a ''MoneyObject'' that is not itself a SolidObject) or used immediately (as energy). For 'accessing' information without removing the original use ''AccessingaConceptualWork''. To specify the 'place' from which something is removed,use ''hasStartingPlace''. NOTE this can be used for 'withdrawing' money from a bank account. NOTE: 'Withdrawing' of information leaves the information in its original location unless the original physical representation is destroyed in the process. Perhaps this should be a separate type 'accessing' information?? For taking liquids from a supply of liquid, use ''WithdrawingaLiquid'' 'took a mug of beer from the keg' For taking a ''SolidObject'' from a location, use ''WithdrawingAnObject'' 'took a penny out of the jar' Includes part of verb sense 10 (for AbstractObjects) of 'withdraw' in WordNet: 10. withdraw, draw, take out, draw off - (remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); 'She drew $2,000 from the account'; 'The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospital's emergency bank') WN verb 'withdrawal': 2. (1) withdrawal - (the act of taking out money or other capital) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :AbstractObject ] . :WithdrawingAnObject :wnsense "draw off2v", "draw13v", "remove1v", "take away2v", "take out8v", "take17v", "withdraw7v" ; :wordnet "draw", "draw off", "remove", "take", "take away", "take out", "withdraw" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WithdrawingSomething'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' where a solid object that is in contact with (contained in, supported by, or supports) another object is taken away so that it is no longer in contact with or contained in that other object. For taking liquids from a supply of liquid, use ''WithdrawingaLiquid'' 'took a mug of beer from the keg' For taking something abstract from a supply 9money, information), use ''WithdrawingAnAbstractObject'' ('withdrew $1000 from his account.'). Includes part of verb senses 7 and 10 (for solid objects) of 'withdraw' in WordNet: 7. (1) remove, take, take away, withdraw - (remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; 'remove a threat'; 'remove a wrapper'; 'Remove the dirty dishes from the table'; 'take the gun from your pocket'; 'This machine withdraws heat from the environment') 10. withdraw, draw, take out, draw off - (remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); 'She drew $2,000 from the account'; 'The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospital's emergency bank') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolidObject ] . :WithdrawingMoney :wnsense "draw off2v", "draw13v", "take out8v", "withdraw10v", "withdrawal2n" ; :wordnet "draw", "draw off", "take out", "withdraw", "withdrawal" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WithdrawingMoney'' is a ''WithdrawingAnAbstractObject'' where the Object withdrawn is a ''MoneyObject'' (a quantity of Money). This can be used for withdrawing from a bank account. Corresponds to verb sense 10 of 'withdraw' in WordNet: 10. withdraw, draw, take out, draw off - (remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); 'She drew $2,000 from the account'; 'The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospital's emergency bank') WN noun 'withdrawal': 2. (1) withdrawal - (the act of taking out money or other capital) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WithdrawingAnAbstractObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom :MoneyObject ] . :WithdrawingaLiquid :wnsense "draw off2v", "draw13v", "take out8v", "withdraw10v" ; :wordnet "draw", "draw off", "take out", "withdraw" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WithdrawingaLiquid'' is a ''RemovingPhysically'' where a quantity of a Liquid (a ''LiquidObject'') that is contained in some container or reservoir or source is taken out so that it is no longer within the original container - it is usually placed into another container, but may be just used and spilled or drained, as in withdrawing water from a fire hydrant. For taking a ''SolidObject'' from a location, use ''WithdrawingAnObject'' 'took a penny out of the jar' For taking something abstract from a supply, use ''WithdrawingAnAbstractObject'' 'withdrew $1000 from his account.' Includes part of verb sense 10 (for LiquidObjects) of 'withdraw' in WordNet: 10. withdraw, draw, take out, draw off - (remove (a commodity) from (a supply source); 'She drew $2,000 from the account'; 'The doctors drew medical supplies from the hospital's emergency bank') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RemovingPhysically, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectMoved ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidObject :LiquidObjectType :LiquidSubstance :LiquidSubstanceType ) ] ] . :Withering :wnsense "shrink1v", "shrivel up1v", "shrivel1v", "wither1v" ; :wordnet "shrink", "shrivel", "shrivel up", "wither" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Withering''is a 'Shrinking'' of a Plant or PlantPart due to drying out from absence of adequate water. Cooreponds to verb sense 1, of 'wither' in WordNet: 1. (1) shrivel, shrivel up, shrink, wither - (wither, as with a loss of moisture; 'The fruit dried and shriveled') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ShrinkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Drying ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Plant :PlantPart :PlantType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ] . :Withers :guid "c00ee4a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "withers1n" ; :wordnet "withers" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """#$Withers is the collection of the withers of instances of #$EquineAnimal. The withers of an instance of #$Horse (or other #$EquineAnimal) is the area that forms the border between the animal's back and neck. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'withers' in WordNet: 1. withers - (the highest part of the back at the base of the neck of various animals especially draft animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalBodyPart, :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mammal ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :NeckAndBack ; owl:onProperty :isBetween ] . :Withholding :wnsense "keep back3v", "withhold1v" ; :wordnet "keep back", "withhold" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Withholding'' is a ''Depriving'' by means of ''RetainingPossession''. This action prevents an agent from ''Obtaining'' the thing withheld. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'withhold' in WordNet: 1. (8) withhold, keep back - (hold back; refuse to hand over or share; 'The father is withholding the allowance until the son cleans his room') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Depriving, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Obtaining ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HavingSomething ; owl:onProperty :prevents ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Deprivation ; owl:onProperty :alwaysCauses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RetainingPossession ; owl:onProperty :isCausedBy ] . :WithinWalkingDistance a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WithinWalkingDistance' is an attribute of places that can be reached in under an hour at a normal walking pace, i.e., fewer than 5 kilometers away.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :Nearby . :WithoutHope :ldoce "hopeless" ; :wnsense "hopeless1adj" ; :wordnet "hopeless" ; a :HumanAttributeType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of a Person who cannot be consoled, or feels that there is no chance of improving the situation. For ongoing plans or sutuations that are doomed to failure, use 'Hopeless'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'hopeless' in WordNet: 1. (3) hopeless - (without hope because there seems to be no possibility of comfort or success; in an agony of hopeless grief; with a hopeless sigh he sat down) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventAttributeValue . :WithstandingEvent :en "bearing stress" ; :ldoce "bear" ; :wnsense "bear3v", "defy1v", "endure1v", "endure2v", "endure3v", "endure5v", "hold out2v", "hold out3v", "hold out5v", "resist2v", "resist4v", "stand6v", "tolerate1v", "withstand1v", "withstand2v" ; :wordnet "bear", "defy", "endure", "hold out", "resist", "stand", "tolerate", "withstand" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A WithstandingEvent is a 'PersistingEvent' in which some Object retains it identity and basic functionality after enduring some unusual stresses. Being shot and continuing to live is one example of a WithstandingEvent for a Person, and staying basically intact and usable throughout a hurricane, though possibly with minor damage, is a WithstandingEvent for a building. This type includes withstanding an attack, though the actions of offering active resistance are not themselves included. This sense incorporates a number of different types of actions of different types of objects;the actions may be labeled 'bear', 'endure', 'withstand', 'tolerate' and others. As of rev943 the distinctions for possible identifiable subtypes have not been represented. @ToDo. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'bear', part of sense 1 of 'withstand', (not including offering active resistance) senses 1,2, 5 and part of sense 3 of 'endure' and sense 1 of 'tolerate' in WordNet: WN verb 'bear': 3. (13) digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand, tolerate, support, brook, abide, suffer, put up - (put up with something or somebody unpleasant; 'I cannot bear his constant criticism'; 'The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks'; 'he learned to tolerate the heat'; 'She stuck out two years in a miserable marriage') WN verb 'withstand': 1. (6) defy, withstand, hold, hold up - (resist or confront with resistance; 'The politician defied public opinion'; 'The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear'; 'The bridge held') WN verb 'endure': 1. (6) digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand, tolerate, support, brook, abide, suffer, put up -- (put up with something or somebody unpleasant; 'I cannot bear his constant criticism'; 'The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks'; 'he learned to tolerate the heat'; 'She stuck out two years in a miserable marriage') 2. (4) weather, endure, brave, brave out - (face or endure with courage; 'She braved the elements') 3. (4) survive, last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up, hold out - (continue to live; endure or last; 'We went without water and food for 3 days'; 'These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America'; 'The race car driver lived through several very serious accidents'; 'how long can a person last without food and water?') 5. wear, hold out, endure - (last and be usable; 'This dress wore well for almost ten years') WN verb 'resist': 2. (11) resist, hold out, withstand, stand firm - (stand up or offer resistance to somebody or something) 4. (1) resist, stand, fend - (withstand the force of something; 'The trees resisted her'; 'stand the test of time'; 'The mountain climbers had to fend against the ice and snow') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PersistingEvent . :Witness :ldoce "witness" ; :wnsense "informant2n", "witness1n", "witnesser1n" ; :wordnet "informant", "witness", "witnesser" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Witness' is a Role played by a Person who sees an Object or Event, and informs another Person of that Observation. The informing can be by any means, and does not have to be in a court of law. A 'Witness' can be a Person who has knowledge of documents or of Events that are not specifically an Action under investigation, thuogh related; for the specific type of ''Witness' who can report about an Event that s/he saw directly is represented by ''Eyewitness''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'witness' in WordNet: 1. (7) witness, witnesser, informant - (someone who sees an event and reports what happened) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Informant, :Observer . :Witty :isAnAttributeValueOf :AbstractText, :LinguisticManner, :Phrase, :Speaking ; :wnsense "witty1adj" ; :wordnet "witty" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Displaying wit, may be humorous. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'witty' in Wordnet: 1. (5) witty - (combining clever conception and facetious expression; 'his sermons were unpredictably witty and satirical as well as eloquent') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Wizard :guid "bdc6b733-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "necromancer1n", "sorcerer1n", "thaumaturge1n", "thaumaturgist1n", "wizard2n" ; :wordnet "necromancer", "sorcerer", "thaumaturge", "thaumaturgist", "wizard" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: fictional The collection of people who specialize in the #$Magic arts. In #$DungeonsAndDragonsMt, a class of #$RolePlayingCharacter with #$Magic using abilities. NOTE: Although 'Wizards' are usually encountered in fictional settings, COSMO is agnostic as to whether such beings exist in the real world, therefore a 'Wizard' is not a subtype of FictionalCharacter, though most (all?) instances will be fictional. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wizard' in WordNet: sorcerer, magician, wizard, necromancer, thaumaturge, thaumaturgist - (one who practices magic or sorcery) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MagicalPerson, :MythicalThing, :SentientAnimal, :SupernaturalBeing . :Wobbling :wnsense "coggle2v", "shift8v", "tilt3v", "wobble1v", "wobble2v" ; :wordnet "coggle", "shift", "tilt", "wobble" ; a :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'Wobbling' is a ''Swaying Motion in which some PhysicalObject oscillates back and forth to one side, then another, in an unsteady and uncontrolled manner, as of a wheeled vehicle whose wheels are no properly aligned. Includes verb senses 1 and part of 2 of 'wobble' ('careen' is a different sense -moving uncontrolled) in WordNet: 1. (5) wobble, coggle - (move unsteadily; 'His knees wobbled'; 'The old cart wobbled down the street') 2. careen, wobble, shift, tilt - (move sideways or in an unsteady way; 'The ship careened out of control') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oscillating, :Swaying . :Wobbly :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :Swaying ; :wnsense "rickety1adj", "shaky1n", "wobbly1adj", "wonky2adj" ; :wordnet "rickety", "shaky", "wobbly", "wonky" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wobbly' in Wordnet: 1. (1) rickety, shaky, wobbly, wonky - (inclined to shake as from weakness or defect; 'a rickety table'; 'a wobbly chair with shaky legs'; 'the ladder felt a little wobbly'; 'the bridge still stands though one of the arches is wonky') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Woe :wnsense "suffering2n", "woe1n" ; :wordnet "suffering", "woe" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This sense if ''Woe' represents a ''Miserableness that accompanies an ''AilmentCondition''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woe' in WordNet: 1. (3) suffering, woe - (misery resulting from affliction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Miserableness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AilmentCondition ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Wolf :guid "bd58c31f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wolf1n" ; :wordnet "wolf" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all wolves; a subset of #$CanineAnimal. By default, members of #$Wolf are elements of #$WildAnimal. Wolves are not included in the collection #$Dog. The collection #$Wolf does not correspond to any biological taxon. Note that members of the collection #$Wolf-Red are included in this collection as well as members of the collection #$Wolf-Gray. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wolf' in WordNet: 1. (1) wolf - (any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Canine . :WolfPack :wnsense "wolf pack2n" ; :wordnet "wolf pack" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Group of Wolves acting together. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wolf pack' in WN: in WordNet: 2. wolf pack - (a group of wolves hunting together) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AgentGroup, :ClusterOfAnimals, :CollectiveAgent, :GroupOfBeasts, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Wolf ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Wolverine :guid "c05ead0f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wolverine3n" ; :wordnet "wolverine" ; a :AgentType, :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """IncludesAsian and American varieties. CYC seems to be specific for the Asian?? CYC: A collection of mammals, solitary by nature. Its scientific name is Gulo gulo. Includes noun senses 1 ans 2 of 'wolverine' in Wordnet: 2. glutton, Gulo gulo, wolverine - (musteline mammal of northern Eurasia) 3. wolverine, carcajou, skunk bear, Gulo luscus - (stocky shaggy-coated North American carnivorous mammal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Carnivore, :Mustelidae . :Woman :ldoce "woman" ; :wnsense "woman1n" ; :wordnet "woman" ; a :AnimalType, :PersonType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An adult female human. CYC has 'AdultFemalHuman' - probably the same. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woman' in WordNet: 1. (480) woman, adult female - - (an adult female person (as opposed to a man); 'the woman kept house while the man hunted') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FemalePerson, :HumanAdult ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf (:FemalePerson :HumanAdult ) ] . :Womanizing :eng "philandering", "womanizing" ; :wnsense "philander1v", "womanise1v", "womanize1v" ; :wordnet "philander", "womanise", "womanize" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, :RepeatedEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Womanizing'' is a series of ''Fornication''s performed by one man with at least two different women; to qualify as a ''Womanizing'' there have to be at least four ''Fornication''s. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'womanize' in WordNet: 1. philander, womanize, womanise - (have amorous affairs; of men; 'He has been womanizing for years') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionSeries, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Man ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woman ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasParticipant ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fornication ; owl:minCardinality "4" ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :Womankind :en "all female humans", "all women" ; :wnsense "womankind1n" ; :wordnet "womankind" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Womankind'' is the Group of all ''FemalePerson''s of any age living at any one time or at some specified interval of time. This includes women living anywhere, including outer space. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'womankind' in WordNet: 1. womankind - (women as distinguished from men) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :FemalePerson ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Mankind ; owl:onProperty :isaSubgroupOf ] . :WomansShoe :en "woman's shoe" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WomansShoe'' is a ''ShoeOrBoot'' designed to be worn by women. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Shoe, :WomensClothing . :WomensBag :guid "bdd34305-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A bag designed to carry around small items, usually of a style favored by women. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case-Container, :PersonalDevice, :PortableCarrier, :WomensClothingAccessory . :WomensClothing :en "woman's clothing item", "women's clothing", "women's clothing item" ; :guid "bd58dd8a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "woman's clothing1n" ; :wordnet "woman's clothing" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of #$Clothing-Generic. Each specialization of #$WomensClothing is a type of clothing item worn usually by women. Specializations of #$WomensClothing include #$Bra, #$Dress, and #$Skirt. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woman's clothing' in WordNet: 1. woman's clothing - (clothing that is designed for women to wear) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clothing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woman ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :WomensClothingAccessory :en "women's clothing accessory" ; :enn "women's clothing accessory" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ClothinhAccessory worn mostly by women. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingAccessory . :WomensHosiery :en "women's hosiery", "women's hosiery item" ; :enn "women's hosiery", "women's hosiery item" ; :guid "bd58e861-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :CoveringType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all womens' stockings, including Panty Hose. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ClothingItem, :EnvelopingCovering, :HosieryItem, :Lingerie, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanLeg ; owl:onProperty :surrounds-3D ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woman ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :WomensRights :en "women's rights" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, :RightType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WomensRights'' are the ''Rights'' possessed (n law or theory or doctrine) by women. subtype of 'human rights'? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rights, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Right ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Womankind ; owl:onProperty :isPossessedBy ] . :WomensSuit :en "womens suit" ; :guid "bd58ffd2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A suit designed to be worn by women." ; rdfs:subClassOf :SuitOfClothing, :WomensClothing . :Wonder :isanIntensiveFormOf :Surprise ; :ldoce "wonder" ; :wnsense "wonder1n" ; :wordnet "wonder" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Wonder' is a DirectedFeeling that is a combination of Amazement (intense Surprise) and Admiration ( a pleasant feeling). Compare this with Shock - an unpleasant surprise. For the thinking action of wondering whether some fact or another is true, use 'WonderingWhether\" Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wonder' in WordNet: 1. (5) wonder, wonderment, admiration - (the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Admiration, :Amazement . :Wonderfully :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Wondrous ; :wnsense "marvellously1adv", "marvelously1adv", "superbly1adv", "terrifically1adv", "toppingly1adv", "wonderfully1adv", "wondrous1adv", "wondrously1adv" ; :wordnet "marvellously", "marvelously", "superbly", "terrifically", "toppingly", "wonderfully", "wondrous", "wondrously" ; a :AdverbType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'wonderfully' in Wordnet: 1. (3) wonderfully, wondrous, wondrously, superbly, toppingly, marvellously, terrifically, marvelously - ((used as an intensifier) extremely well; 'her voice is superbly disciplined'; 'the colors changed wondrously slowly') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbOfManner . :WonderingWhether :ldoce "wonder" ; :wnsense "wonder2v" ; :wordnet "wonder" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WonderingWhether' is a form of 'ThinkingAboutSomething' in which a Person has and thinks about and may express out loud some uncertainty about a fact or the present state of something, or about the future, or even the past. There is usually more than one possibility - true or false, or more specific alternatives. Corresponds most closely to verb sense 2 of 'wonder' in WordNet: 2. (41) wonder, question - (place in doubt or express doubtful speculation; 'I wonder whether this was the right thing to do'; 'she wondered whether it would snow tonight') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThinkingAboutSomething . :Wondrous :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :WondrousThing ; :wnsense "fantastic2adj", "grand4adj", "howling1adj", "marvellous1adj", "marvelous1adj", "terrific2adj", "tremendous1adj", "wonderful1adj", "wondrous1adj" ; :wordnet "fantastic", "grand", "howling", "marvellous", "marvelous", "terrific", "tremendous", "wonderful", "wondrous" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Wondrous' is a property of Events or Objects (with specific attributes) that are not only 'Remarkable' but are ''Good'' and inspire 'Wonder' or intense delight. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wondrous' in WordNet; most of the words in this WordNet synset would not be used to express this attribute: in WordNet: 1. (2) fantastic, grand, howling, marvelous, marvellous, rattling, terrific, tremendous, wonderful, wondrous - (extraordinarily good; used especially as intensifiers; 'a fantastic trip to the Orient'; 'the film was fantastic!'; 'a howling success'; 'a marvelous collection of rare books'; 'had a rattling conversation about politics'; 'a tremendous achievement') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Good, :Remarkable . :WondrousThing :ldoce "wonder" ; :wnsense "marvel1n", "phenomenon2n", "wonder2n" ; :wordnet "marvel", "phenomenon", "wonder" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WondrousThing' is a Phenomenon (observable physical Event) that inspires feelings of ''Wonder''. This is to represent the sense of 'Wonder' applying to remarkable Events or Objects - in the case of an Object that is a Wonder, it is the *state* of the Object in which it has or exhibits wondrous qualities. This corresponds to sense 2 of 'phenomenon' in RHW as well as sense 2 in WN:: RHW 'phenomenon': 2. something that is impressive or extraordinary. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'marvel' in WordNet: 1. (1) wonder, marvel - (something that causes feelings of wonder; 'the wonders of modern science') WN noun 'phenomenon': 2. (5) phenomenon - (a remarkable development) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Occurrence, :Phenomenon, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wonder ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Marveling ; owl:onProperty :perceivingCausesMentalEvent ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wondrous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wonder ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ] . :Wood :guid "bd58a6c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wood" ; :wnsense "wood1n" ; :wordnet "wood" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in COSMO, Wood is a Substance, not an Object. Cyc: A specialization of #$PlantProduct. Each instance of #$Wood is a piece of solid, rigid, fibrous organic substance in or #$derivedFrom (q.v.) the inside of the trunks and limbs of trees. Specializations of #$Wood include #$Firewood, (#$WoodFn #$OakTree) and (#$WoodFn #$CherryTree). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wood' in WordNet: 1. (17) wood - (the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConstructionMaterialType, :OrganicSubstance, :PlantProduct, :SolidSubstance, :StructuralSupportStuff, :VegetableMatter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Fibrous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :WoodCraft :guid "c081f723-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "woodcraft2n" ; :wordnet "woodcraft" ; a :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'woodcraft' in WordNet: 2. woodcraft - (skill in carving or fashioning objects from wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CraftingObjects, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woodwork ; owl:onProperty :produces ] . :WoodRat :wnsense "wood rat1n", "wood-rat1n" ; :wordnet "wood rat", "wood-rat" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wood rat' in WordNet: 1. wood rat, wood-rat - (any of various small short-tailed rodents of the northern hemisphere having soft fur grey above and white below with furred tails and large ears; some are hosts for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Rodent, :Species . :Woodcarving :en "carving wood" ; :enn "carving wood" ; :guid "bf88027d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events whose intended output are #$Wood carvings """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarvingSomething, :Woodworking, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WoodenCarving ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WoodenObject ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ] . :Wooded :isAnAttributeValueOf :LandArea ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Tree ; :wnsense "wooded1adj" ; :wordnet "wooded" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wooded' in Wordnet: 1. (1) wooded - (covered with growing trees and bushes etc; 'wooded land'; 'a heavily wooded tract') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :WoodedArea :guid "c0ed047b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """a wooded area is a ''GeographicalArea with a lot of trees. Some wooded areas are in inhabitated regions. Some are not. For example, the area to the west of MCC is a wooded area that is adjacent to 'civilized' areas. #$Forest, on the other hand, is a specialization of #$WoodedArea. Members of this collection are large expanses most of which are very far from any civilized region. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OutdoorArea, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tree ; owl:minCardinality "10"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onProperty :hasCharacteristicObject ] . :Wooden :isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf :Wood ; :ldoce "wooden" ; :wnsense "wooden1adj" ; :wordnet "wooden" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue 'Wooden' asserts that the subject thus characterized consists mostly of the substance 'Wood'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wooden' in WordNet: 1. (16) wooden - (made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood; 'a wooden box'; 'an ancient cart with wooden wheels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompositionAttributeValue . :WoodenBeam :wnsense "timber2n" ; :wordnet "timber" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WoodenBeam'' is a strong rigid beam made of Wood used for support in wooden structures. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'timber' in WordNet: 2. (2) timber - (a beam made of wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :StructuralBeam, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Structure ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsOfSubstance ] . :WoodenCarving :en "carved wooden artwork" ; :wnsense "woodcarving1n" ; :wordnet "woodcarving" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''CarvedArtwork'' made of Wood. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodcarving' in WordNet: 1. woodcarving - (a carving created by carving wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarvedArtwork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :WoodenObject :en "wooden object" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WoodenObject'' is any SolidObject consistingmostly of ''Wood''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :WoodframeStud :wnsense "scantling1n", "stud3n" ; :wordnet "scantling", "stud" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WoodframeStud'' is a wooden ''UprightSupport'' used in Buildings that have a wooden frame. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'stud' in WordNet: 3. scantling, stud - (an upright in house framing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PieceOfDimensionalLumber, :UprightSupport, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wooden ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Building ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Woodman :wnsense "woodman1n", "woodsman1n" ; :wordnet "woodman", "woodsman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Woodman'' is a ''CommonMan'' (of any sex or age) who lives in the ''Forest''. (and saves 'Little Red Riding Hood' from the wolf?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodman' in WordNet: 1. woodsman, woodman - (someone who lives in the woods) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommonMan, :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :TheMasses ; owl:onProperty :isaMemberOf ] . :Woodpecker :guid "bd58c5ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "pecker2n", "peckerwood1n", "woodpecker1n" ; :wordnet "pecker", "peckerwood", "woodpecker" ; a :BirdType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodpecker' in WordNet: 1. (2) woodpecker, peckerwood, pecker - (bird with strong claws and a stiff tail adapted for climbing and a hard chisel-like bill for boring into wood for insects) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bird . :WoodwindInstrument :guid "bd58ef87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wood7n", "woodwind instrument1n", "woodwind1n" ; :wordnet "wood", "woodwind", "woodwind instrument" ; a :MusicalInstrumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Musical instruments using reeds or flute/whistle-type mechanisms to produce sound. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodwind' in WordNet: 1. woodwind, woodwind instrument, wood - (any wind instrument other than the brass instruments) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WindInstrument-Musical . :Woodwork :guid "bd920ac2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "woodwork1n" ; :wordnet "woodwork" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of #$Wood #$Artifacts. This is for one piece of a Wooden artifact. The interior furnishings such as wooden moldings or stairways and wall and doorway surface parts should be a subtype. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodwork' in WordNet: 1. (3) woodwork - (work made of wood; especially moldings or stairways or furniture) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ] . :Woodworking :guid "be9ebf83-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "carpentry1n", "woodwork1n", "woodworking1n" ; :wordnet "carpentry", "woodwork", "woodworking" ; a :ActionType, :SkilledActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of events whose intended output are #$Artifacts made out of #$Wood, typically using #$WoodworkingTools. The difference between this and 'WoodCraft'' is not yet clear. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woodworking' in WordNet: 1. carpentry, woodworking, woodwork - (the craft of a carpenter: making things out of wood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FashioningSomething, :WoodCraft . :WoodworkingTool :en "woodworking tool" ; :guid "bd588dd8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Tools used to shape, join, and cut wood, where the wood itself is or forms the desired object. Includes both chisels and the hammers used to drive the chisels; power routers, sanders, saws, etc. Does not include nail guns or other carpentry tools where the wood is simply an included part of a larger structure. These tools/devices are capable of being used and are designed to be used on wood, but this doesn't preclude their use on other types of materials (having similar textures, properties, etc.) for which they might be suited.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :CarpentryTool, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woodworking ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :Woof :en "woof", "woofing" ; :isEmittedBy :Dog ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The 'woofing' sound made by a dog. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BarkingSound . :Wool :guid "c0fd5024-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wool" ; :wnsense "fleece1n", "wool2n" ; :wordnet "fleece", "wool" ; a :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any substance consisting of thick hairs and called 'Wool'. In cyc this is called 'WoolStuff'. For the specific 'wool' obtained from Sheep, use subtype ''SheepWool''. The coat in situ can bereferred to as 'wool' or 'fleece',' but that is an object not yet represented. WN 'wool': 3. wool, fleece - (outer coat of especially sheep and yaks) Wool from specific animals can be represented by a subtype when necessary: such as 1. vicuna - (the wool of the vicuna). Not done as of rev1093 Corresponds to non sense 2 of 'wool' and 'fleece' sense 1 in WN - ; this is not solely wool from sheep, but the hair to make wool has to be fairly long. in WordNet: 2. wool - (fiber sheared from animals (such as sheep) and twisted into yarn for weaving) WN noun 'fleece' (no longer on the animal): 1. fleece - (the wool of a sheep or similar animal) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hair, :SolidAnimalMatter . :Woolen :isAnAttributeValueOf :WoolenObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf :Wool ; :ldoce "woolen" ; :wnsense "woolen1adj" ; :wordnet "woolen" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue 'Woolen' asserts thst the subject thus characterized consists mostly of the substance 'Wool'. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'woolen' in WordNet; this is not merely 'relating to' Wool, but consisting mostly of Wool: in WordNet: 1. (1) woolen, woollen - (of or related to or made of wool; 'a woolen sweater') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SubstanceAttributeValue . :WoolenObject :wnsense "wool1n", "woolen1n", "woollen1n" ; :wordnet "wool", "woolen", "woollen" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Object made of ''Wool''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woollen' in WordNet: 1. wool, woolen, woollen - (a fabric made from the hair of sheep) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FabricObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wool ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woolen ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Woolly :wnsense "woolly-haired1adj", "woolly3adj", "wooly-haired1adj", "wooly3adj" ; :wordnet "woolly", "woolly-haired", "wooly", "wooly-haired" ; a :AppearanceType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 3 of 'woolly' in Wordnet: 3. wooly, woolly, wooly-haired, woolly-haired - (covered with dense often matted or curly hairs; 'woolly lambs') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Hairy . :WoollyMammoth :en "wooly mammoth" ; :enn "wooly mammoth" ; :wnsense "Mammuthus primigenius1n", "northern mammoth1n", "woolly mammoth1n" ; :wordnet "Mammuthus primigenius", "northern mammoth", "woolly mammoth" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :ExtinctAnimalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woolly mammoth' in WordNet: 1. woolly mammoth, northern mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius - (very hairy mammoth common in colder portions of the northern hemisphere) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mammoth, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woolly ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Word :ldoce "word" ; :wnsense "word1n" ; :wordnet "word" ; a :GroupType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A term of some Language that plays the Role of Designator for some concept. It is an AbstractString, even if it consists of a single ideogram or hieroglyph. (therefore this does not include the sounds that are spoken words). It is an AbstractString that, in any given usage, is intended to symbolize a single concept - though in different contexts the same Word may have different meanings, and in puns the meaning may be intended to be ambiguous or fluctuating. It is also an AbstractSymbol. There is some debate over what should linguistically constitute a Word. In the English language, a string of characters that is not broken by spaces can be considered as a 'Word', even if it is nonsensical. Tightly linked groups of character strings that have meaning that cannot be constructed from the individual character strings (e.g. idioms that are not sentences) can also be considered here as 'Word's; if the meaning of a Word with spaces in it is deducible from its components, it should be classified as a 'Phrase'. Corresponds to part (the abstract string part) of noun sense 1 of 'word' in WordNet: 1. (958) word - (a unit of language that native speakers can identify; 'words are the blocks from which sentences are made'; 'he hardly said ten words all morning') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, :GroupOfCharacters, :LinguisticDesignator, :LinguisticObject, :Term, :UsefulThing, :WordString . :WordNetLabels :query """PREFIX cosmo: LBhttp://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?type ?wn WHERE { ?type cosmo:wordnet ?wn }""" ; a :SPARQL-Query . :WordPicture :wnsense "characterisation1n", "characterization1n", "delineation1n", "depiction1n", "picture8n", "word picture1n", "word-painting1n" ; :wordnet "characterisation", "characterization", "delineation", "depiction", "picture", "word picture", "word-painting" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'word picture' in WordNet: 1. word picture, word-painting, delineation, depiction, picture, characterization, characterisation - (a graphic or vivid verbal description; 'too often the narrative was interrupted by long word pictures'; 'the author gives a depressing picture of life in Poland'; 'the pamphlet contained brief characterizations of famous Vermonters') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticDescription, :VerbalImage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Graphic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DescribingSpecifics ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :WordSense :ldoce "sense" ; :wnsense "sense2n" ; :wordnet "sense" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WordSense' is a Proposition that is a logical representation of the Meaning of some term (which can by multi-word, i.e. have separating spaces) in some language. In COSMO the 'Meaning' of something is identified with a logical representation that some agent (a person or computer) can use for reasoning. Thus the logical representation may be in the brain of a human; the fact that the representation in a brain is not in distinct clean first-order logic terms does not prevent it from being used in FOL reasoning processes, and it is considered a logical representation for COSMO purposes. Most of the elements in COSMO (types, relations) are WordSenses for some word or term in some human language; some are WordSenses for more than one Word. Mappings to English words are given by the 'ldoce' and 'wordnet' tags. These tags (and others that may serve a similar purpose) serve to relate a COSMO element to any words or phrases that may label that element whne used in human language. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'sense' in WordNet: 2. (23) sense, signified - - (the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted; 'the dictionary gave several senses for the word'; 'in the best sense charity is really a duty'; 'the signifier is linked to the signified') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Word ] . :WordStem :ldoce "stem" ; :wnsense "stem1n" ; :wordnet "stem" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WordStem' is the part of a WordString that remains after all affixes (prefix, suffix) are removed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'stem' in WordNet: 1. (23) root, root word, base, stem, theme, radical - ((linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; 'thematic vowels are part of the stem') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, :AbstractSymbol, :LinguisticObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :WordString ] . :WordString :wnsense "linguistic string1n", "string of words1n", "word string1n" ; :wordnet "linguistic string", "string of words", "word string" ; a :GroupType, :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An AbstractWordString, is a Group consisting of one or more AbstractSymbols (which can be phonetic or, as in Chinese, pictophonetic, or any symbols used to compose words). This does not have to be a complete 'Word', but may be only part of a word, such as a word stem, or 'Prefix'' or ''Suffix'' or even several words strung together randomly (i.e. not a ''Phrase''). It does not have to have a meaning nor to function as a unit. For an AbstractString'' that is a combination of words intended to convey some meaning , use ''Phrase''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'word string' in WordNet: 1. string of words, word string, linguistic string - (a linear sequence of words as spoken or written) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractString, :AbstractSymbol, :Group, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LinguisticCommunication ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Word ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :WorkBench :guid "bd58a075-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "bench5n", "work bench1n", "workbench1n" ; :wordnet "bench", "work bench", "workbench" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A large, sturdy table upon which devices get fixed using tools. NOTE: things are not just fixed, they can be built at a ''WorkBench''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workbench' in WordNet: 1. (8) workbench, work bench, bench - (a strong worktable for a carpenter or mechanic) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkTable, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ModifyingAnArtifact ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :WorkForce :wnsense "hands1n", "hands2n", "manpower1n", "men1n", "work force1n", "workforce1n" ; :wordnet "hands", "manpower", "men", "work force", "workforce" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''WorkForce'' is the ''GroupOfPeople'' available to work together to accomplish some 'task' (whether broadly or narrowly defined). This type reqires that there be some Manager (or ''Supervisor'') that directs and coordinates the 'WorkForce'' to accomplish the ''CollaborativeProject''. This can be a very narrow project that requires a few people or can be the sum of all of the activities of some large organization. The latter case, is represented by the subtype ''OrganizationEmployees''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'work force' in WordNet: 1. (1) work force, workforce, manpower, hands, men - (the force of workers available) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GroupOfPeople, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CollaborativeProject ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingTogether ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Employee ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worker ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Manager ; owl:onProperty :isManagedBy ] . :WorkLoad :wnsense "workload1n" ; :wordnet "workload" ; a :ActionType, :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WorkLoad'' is a Group of ''PaidTask''s that are expected to be performed within some TimeInterval. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workload' in WordNet: 1. workload - (work that a person is expected to do in a specified time) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Group, :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PaidTask ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :WorkShift :wnsense "duty period1n", "shift3n", "work shift1n" ; :wordnet "duty period", "shift", "work shift" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WorkShift'' is one continuous period of time within one twenty-four hour period during which a Person is performing some job that is done periodically (on work days), including lunch and break times. Ifone is not 'on duty' during lunch or break, then the 'on duty' time for any one ''WorkShift'' will be less than the full time of that 'shift'. NOTE: that what happens during this TimeInterval is a ''WorkingEvent'' which is not necessarily a paid job (which could be a subtype), but some kind of 'duty' that is coordinated with at least one other Person. Perhaps Baby-sitting duty at home? Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'shift' in WordNet: 3. (3) shift, work shift, duty period - (the time period during which you are at work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stint, :WorkingHours, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasEvent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:WorkingEvent :ActionType ) ] ] . :WorkSurface :en "work surface" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WorkSurface'' is the Role played by the The ''TopSurface'' of some SolidObject, used to hold papers or other PhysicalObjects while performing some Action with or on those objects. NOTE: thi 'work surface'could be arranged at an angle or slant. For a horizontal working surface, use ''HorizontalWorkSurface''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Role, :SurfacePortion, :TopSurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SolidObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :WorkTable :wnsense "work table1n", "worktable1n" ; :wordnet "work table", "worktable" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'table' designed for performing work, rather than eating. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'worktable' in WordNet: 1. (1) worktable, work table - (a table designed for a particular task) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Table-Furniture, :WorkingSpot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity ] . :WorkTime :wnsense "work time1n" ; :wordnet "work time" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'work time' in WordNet: 1. work time - (a time period when you are required to work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval . :Workaholic :wnsense "workaholic1n" ; :wordnet "workaholic" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Workaholic'' is a ''CompulsivePerson'' whose ''Compulsion'' is to perform some ''WorkingEvent''s more often or for longer hours than most people. This attribute is sometimes applied as an overstatement to people who do not have a true ''Compusion'', but just perform more work than others, foe reasonable motives. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workaholic' in WordNet: 1. workaholic - (person with a compulsive need to work) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CompulsivePerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Compulsive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Workday :wnsense "work day1n", "workday1n", "working day1n" ; :wordnet "work day", "workday", "working day" ; a :DayType, :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Workday'' is a ''Day'' when a Person is required to or does perform some ''WorkingEvent'', usually as part of an ''Occupation''. This could be a self-employed person's ''Workday'' - with flexible hours but meaningful productive goals. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workday' in WordNet: 1. workday, working day, work day - (a day on which work is done) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day, :RelativeTime, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasTemporalPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :Now ] . :WorkedObject :en "object being worked on", "work", "worked object" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WorkedObject'' is any SolidObject that is being physically modified or manipulated for some purpose by a Person of machine. This is typically held by some ''HolderGripper'' while it is being modified or moved in some way. The term 'work' is used in machining to refer to the piece being tooled in some way. This is a generalization intended to allow reference to any object that is being manipulated or modified. Nore speific than RHW sense of work; this type does *not* represent conceptual works. RHW 'work': 6. materials, things, etc., on which one is working or is to work. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolidTangibleArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HolderGripper ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Worker :wnsense "worker1n" ; :wordnet "worker" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anyone who performs a task that can be described as 'work' (a ''WorkingEvent'') whether paid or unpaid, whether or not the work can be described as typical of some occupation type. The subtype ''PersonWithOccupation'' subsumes various occupational typs. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'worker' in WordNet: 1. (289) worker - (a person who works at a specific occupation; 'he is a good worker') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanRole, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Working-Class :pertainsTo :WorkingClass ; :wnsense "blue-collar2adj", "propertyless2adj", "wage-earning1adj", "wage-earning2adj", "working-class1adj", "working-class2adj" ; :wordnet "blue-collar", "propertyless", "wage-earning", "working-class" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Working-Class'' is an AttributeValue that pertains to the ''WorkingClass'' and any of its members and things characteristic of the ''WorkingClass'', such as wages and lifestyle. 'Hourly' wage earners could be a subtype. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'working-class' in Wordnet: 1. (1) propertyless, wage-earning, working-class, blue-collar - (of those who work for wages especially manual or industrial laborers; 'party of the propertyless proletariat'- G.B.Shaw) 2. wage-earning, working-class - (working for hourly wages rather than fixed (e.g. annual) salaries; 'working-class occupations include manual as well as industrial labor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :WorkingCareer :en "working career" ; :wnsense "career2n" ; :wordnet "career" ; a :GroupType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WorkingCareer'' is a linearly ordered ''EventGroup'' listing in order the different ''Occupation''s that a Person has pursued during her/his lifetime. Each ''Occupation'' will occur during some portion of a Person's ''LifeTime''. A Person may pursue one or more ''Occupation'', represented as a series of ''JobSituations''s. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'career' in WordNet: 2. (8) career, life history - (the general progression of your working or professional life; 'the general had had a distinguished career'; 'he had a long career in the law') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EventGroup, :LinearlyOrderedGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OccupationType :Occupation :JobSituation ) ] ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ] . :WorkingClass :wnsense "labor2n", "labour1n", "proletariat1n", "working class1n" ; :wordnet "labor", "labour", "proletariat", "working class" ; a :AgentType, :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''WorkingClass'' in WN is distinct from the ''MiddleClass'', but the glosses susggest that there is a lot of overlap, the property in common is that they are between the ''UpperClas'' and the lower class, neither rich nor poor. In COSMO the ''WorkingClass'' is a subtype of the 'MiddleClass'' - it may be most or all of the ''MiddleClass''. One may be ''Middleclass'' without working for a living. Anything specific?? NOTE that after a person retres and lives on a pension (including social Security) that Person and dependent family members are still ''WorkingClass''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'working class' in WordNet: 1. labor, labour, working class, proletariat - (a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages; 'there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EconomicClass . :WorkingDog :CYC "WorkingDog-FunctionalGroup" ; :guid "63cf10b4-5cd6-41d8-8fd3-dd85213bfa42" ; :wnsense "working dog1n" ; :wordnet "working dog" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of ''Dog''. CYC 'WorkingDog-FunctionalGroup': A collection of #$Dogs who are, or whose ancestors were, developed to perform tasks other than #$Hunting. Examples of such activities may include service to those with sensory or motor disabilties, tracking, rescue work, police, military, and protection work, livestock guarding, and drafting. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'working dog' in WordNet: 1. working dog - (any of several breeds of usually large powerful dogs bred to work as draft animals and guard and guide dogs) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dog . :WorkingEvent :en "working" ; :guid "bd58e122-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "work" ; :wnsense "work1n", "work1v" ; :wordnet "work" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Activities which require a certain amount of physical or mental exertion, and which are not done purely for recreation, but rather as part of an occupation (to make a living), or to contribute to some goal, or out of some other obligation or necessity. Positive examples include a student doing homework for school, a homeowner mowing her lawn, a teacher teaching class, etc, a person filling out forms or paying taxes,. This is not necessarily as a part of paid employment; working for wages is the subtype 'Labor' NOTE that working is not necessarily a service, as it could be a manufacturing event. NOTE also that an instance may be a thing that is done by an Organization, such as a service provided by a corporation. This is a 'HumanActivity' even if computers do the unit work, as long as the computers are directed by a Person; in that case the computer is functioning as a tool for a Person controlling the work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb sense 1 of 'work' in WordNet: 1. (435) work - (activity directed toward making or doing something; 'she checked several points needing further work') WN verb 'work': 1. (77) work - (exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity; 'I will work hard to improve my grades'; 'she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EngagingInAnActivity, :ExertingEffort, :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, :ValuableThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Workplace ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :WorkingHead :en "working head of a tool" ; :enn "working head of a tool" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WorkingHead'' is the part of a ''LongHandledTool'' that is located at the 'business' end of its ''LongHandle'' and performs the action that is the purpose of the tool. . """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, :EngineeringComponent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongHandledTool ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongHandle ; owl:onProperty :isAttachedTo ] . :WorkingHours :wnsense "hours1n" ; :wordnet "hours" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'hours' in WordNet: 1. (9) hours - (a period of time assigned for work; 'they work long hours') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeOfDay, :WorkTime . :WorkingLocation :en "work site", "working location", "working site" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WorkingLocation'' is a ''WorkPlace'' where some Person performed some ''WorkingEvent'', for any interval of time, paid or unpaid, over any interval of time unless it is a long-term contract, in which case it is the subtype ''WorkPlace'', whch is. the place where one regularly performs work as a part of one's ''JobSituation''. NOTE: for the place where a Person does most of a paid job (or is based if frequently travelling). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GenericLocation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WorkingEvent ; owl:onProperty :wasTheLocationOf ] . :WorkingSpot :CYC "WorkStation" ; :en "work station", "working location" ; :guid "bd58d84d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :LocationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC 'WorkStation': A permanent or semi-permanent arrangement with a device and facilities for working on that device. Includes cash register stations, check out counters, milling machine stations, kitchen top region (with all the gadgets). NOTE: this is not the moregeneric ''Workplace'' that can be as large as an industrial site. carrel, carrell, cubicle, stall NOTE: ''WorkingSpot'' has the same meaning as CYC 'WorkStation' but the term 'WorkStation' has come to refer commonly to a desktop computer (see ''Workstation''), so to avoid confusion, the 'WorkingSpot' term is used as a label. This includes the subtype ''Cubicle'' in an office. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :Workplace . :WorkingTogether :en "work together", "working together" ; :wnsense "co-operate1v", "coaction1n", "collaborate1v", "collaboration1n", "cooperate1v", "cooperation1n", "get together1v", "join forces1v" ; :wordnet "co-operate", "coaction", "collaborate", "collaboration", "cooperate", "cooperation", "get together", "join forces" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''WorkingTogether' is a ''WorkingEvent'' in which two or more people work to achieve a common goal, and both are working closely together, suach as in the same location (building or site) or are on the samesports ''Team''. This represents a closer degree of 'cooperation' than a ''CooperationEvent'' where the cooperation can be at a distance with minimal direct contact. Some overlap, **NOTE** that this differs subtly from parent ''CooperationEvent'' in that a ''WorkingTogether'' is performed with two or more people in direct contact in the same location (building or site),whereas the ''CooperationEvent'' could be performed in far separated locations, The parent includes this type, People can be ''WorkingTogether'' only if they are both contributing to advancing some common goal and are communicating **in order to directly assist each other** in advancing that goal. Just Working in the same ''WorkPlace'' by itself is not a subtype of this type ?People ''WorkingTogether'' would be ''AccompanyingaPerson''?? Perhaps, only if they are traveling from place to place while working together. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'collaborate' and noun sense 1 of 'collaboration' in WordNet: 1. (9) collaborate, join forces, cooperate, get together - (work together on a common enterprise of project; 'The soprano and the pianist did not get together very well'; 'We joined forces with another research group') WN noun 'collaboration': 1. (4) collaboration, coaction - (act of working jointly; 'they worked either in collaboration or independently') WN noun 'cooperation': 1. (7) cooperation - (joint operation or action; 'their cooperation with us was essential for the success of our mission') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CooperationEvent, :DoingThingsTogether, :WorkingEvent . :WorkingUnderContract :en "contract labor", "contract work", "working under contract" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WorkingUnderContract'' is a type of ''WorkingEvent'' in which the Worker is paid to erformtasks specified by a ''Contract'', in contrast with being paid a salary as an employee. For any given Organizationm the Employees and Contractors are usually disjoint, though a Person can be a contractor for one agent and an Employee for another. Not clear how voluntary the RHW type of work is. 'coercible'??? No sense in WN for this, but in RHW 'contract labor' has a related sense 1. labor coercible by the enforceable provisions of a contract. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WorkingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :GenericWorker ] . :WorkingaMetalObject :en "shaping a metal object", "work a metal object", "work metal" ; :wnsense "process5v", "work on2v", "work5v" ; :wordnet "process", "work", "work on" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WorkingaMetalObject'' is a subtype of ''FashioningSomething'' in which the 'something' that has its shape changed is a ''MetalObject''. This includes processes that work while the metal is cold, and also the subtype ''ForgingaMetalObject'' in which the metal is heated to be worked. Corresponds to verb sense 5 of 'work' in WordNet: 5. (9) work, work on, process - (shape, form, or improve a material; 'work stone into tools'; 'process iron'; 'work the metal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FashioningSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadChangedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :MetalObject ] . :Workman :en "blue collar employee", "blue collar worker" ; :guid "bd58aecd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "working man1n", "working person1n", "workingman1n", "workman1n" ; :wordnet "working man", "working person", "workingman", "workman" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Workman'' is a Wordnet synset between 'Employee''and ''ManualLaoborer'' in the WN hiererchy. It is unclear how this is distinguished from the WN parent and child types. Perhaps this should be disjoint from ''GovernmentEmployee''? But this also seems to be distinct from people with skilled occupations generally. This seeems approximately the same as CYC 'BlueCollarWorker' - this will serve to merge the WN and CYC concepts: CYC :A subcollection of #$PersonWithOccupation and an instance of #$PersonTypeByOccupation. Each instance of #$BlueCollarWorker is a person whose occupation is manual-labor intensive, sometimes demanding physical strength and, in some jobs, considerable skill, practical judgment, and work experience. Types of blue-collar workers include miners, truck drivers, steelworkers, construction workers, agricultural workers, laborers, mechanics, garbage collectors, assembly line workers, janitorial workers, etc. Their jobs may require some specialized training or apprenticeship but don't require a college degree. Cf. #$WhiteCollarWorker. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workman' in WordNet: 1. (3) workman, workingman, working man, working person - (an employee who performs manual or industrial labor) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Employee, :PersonWithOccupation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ManualLabor ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] ; owl:disjointWith :GovernmentEmployee . :Workplace :guid "bd58899c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "work6n", "workplace1n" ; :wordnet "work", "workplace" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Workplace is a place where some individuals work on some *regular* basis, over a period of time long enough for them to be predictably there most work days. This is where the ''WorkingEvents'' called for in one's ''JobSituation'' are performed. Working temporarily (e.g. for a week or two) at some location does not make it a workplace - for that location, use ''Workinglocation''. A place where one has a desk and mail drop is always a Workplace, even if a worker is almost always elsewhere doing his/her actual work. NOTE: the ''TheWorkingField'' for any given Person, where they do ''FieldWork'' cannot be the same as that Person's ''Workplace'' Cyc: #$Workplace is a specialization of #$PhysicalContactLocation. Each instance of #$Workplace is a place where people customarily work. #$Workplace includes as instances offices, restaurant buildings, construction sites, agricultural sites, the #$SpaceNeedle, and so on. Some places may be #$Workplaces only during a small part of their existence (a piece of residential property while the house is being built, for example); some may almost always be #$Workplaces (grocery store buildings, office buildings, smithies, hospitals, and so on.). 'work' is included for the sense 'going to work' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workplace' in WordNet: 1. workplace, work - (a place where work is done; 'he arrived at work early today') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalContactLocation, :WorkingLocation . :Works :en "output" ; :wnsense "deeds1n", "works3n" ; :wordnet "deeds", "works" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Group of Actions some Person has taken that are notable (''Salient''), usually viewed as representative of the total sum of all successful actions that Person has taken. THe term 'works' often is taken not just to mean 'deeds' but instead the things produced, such as works of art. This Group is only for Actions, but the productionof a work of art can be included as one of those actions, and the work of art itself would them be pointed to by the instance of Action included. A Group of ''Physicalbjects'' considered as 'works' would have to be a different type - not yet (Rev1307) included. The word 'output' is also used to refer to things that a Person has produced (such as novels by a novelist) , but in WN the senses seem to mostly refer to output of commodities, whereas this type is for Actions that may include production of lierary works. Includes but is broader than noun sense 3 of 'works' in WordNet: 3. (1) works, deeds - (performance of moral or religious acts; 'salvation by deeds'; 'the reward for good works') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ActionGroup, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ; owl:someValuesFrom :SuccessfulAction ] . :Workshop :ldoce "shop" ; :wnsense "shop2n", "workshop1n" ; :wordnet "shop", "workshop" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """SUMO: A Room, suite of Rooms or Building which is devoted to hand-crafting Artifacts. Not a factory and not the general sense of 'workplace'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workshop and 2 of 'shop' in WordNet: 1. (6) workshop, shop - - (small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MultiRoomUnit, :Workplace, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tool ; owl:onProperty :spatiallyContains ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Small ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Workstation :wnsense "workstation1n" ; :wordnet "workstation" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Workstation'' is a ''SingleUserComputer'' formerly usually designed to sit on a desk, to allow for more power, but now a ''LaptopCompter'' can have the power equivalence, so this might apply to powerful laptops?? Some organizations provide ''LaptopComputer''s to employees that can be plugged in to the company network when the employee is at work. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'workstation' in WordNet: 1. workstation - (a desktop digital computer that is conventionally considered to be more powerful than a microcomputer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SingleUserComputer . :WorldPeace a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WorldPeace' is a PersistentState characterized by the Absence of War and throughout the world and friendly relations that are unlikely to lead to war (in some time period). This state may not be permannt, so there may be more than one instance, and it is therefore a class rather than an individual. It has probably never happened, depending on how one considers cases where there is no ongoing combat but hostility exists that could easily erupt into war. A permanent state of 'WorldPeace' would be an individual, and is for many people a 'DesiredFutureSituation'. This is a state desired by many people, particularly by pacifists and Miss America contestants. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Peace . :WorldTradeCenter1 :hasMassInGrams "200000000000"^^xsd:float ; :isOwnedBy :PortAuthorityOfNewYork ; a :Building ; rdfs:comment """Estimating the mass: there were about 200000 tons of steel in the WTC buildings, so guess at a total of 3 times that much total mass (for amusement). 1 ton has ca. 1000kg""" . :WorldTradeCenter20010911 :hasSpatialRegion :WorldTradeCenterBlockNY ; :hasTimeInterval :DTEG20010911Z-5 ; a :TimeAndPlace ; rdfs:comment """The city block on which the two World Trade Center towers were located, during the calendar day Sept. 11, 2001, EST (Z-5) """ . :WorldTradeCenterAttack20010911 :caused :DestructionOfWorldTradeCenter20010911 ; :hadAffectedAgent :NewYorkCityNY_USA ; :hadDamagedObject :WorldTradeCenter1 ; :hadThingAffected :WorldTradeCenter1 ; :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :DestructionOfWorldTradeCenterBuildings2001 ; :isUndesirableTo :CitizenryOfTheUSA ; :occurredAt :WorldTradeCenterBlockNY ; :occurredInTimeInterval :DTEG20010911Z-5 ; :violatesRule :SomeLaw ; :wasPerformedByAgent :The911Attackers ; a :IntentionalDestruction, :TerroristAct, :ViolentAction . :WorldTradeCenterBlockNY :isAdjacentTo :ChurchStreetManhattan ; :isaSpatialPartOf :NewYorkCityNY_USA, :NewYorkCityRegion ; a :CityBlock ; rdfs:comment """The squarish region in New York City on which the two World Trade center towers were located on Sept. 10, 2001.""" . :WorldView :wnsense "Weltanschauung1n", "world view1n" ; :wordnet "Weltanschauung", "world view" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WorldView'' includes any and all Feeling or Beliefs about broad topics of ''HumanActivity''s in general, especially of ''HumanRelationship''s to other people and society, and their relation to the ''RealWorld'' (our Universe), and perhaps extending to the likely destiny of humanity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'world view' in WordNet: 1. Weltanschauung, world view - (a comprehensive view of the world and human life) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Stance, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanActivity ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HumanRelationship ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealWorld ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :WorldWideWeb :en "the internet", "the web" ; :wnsense "WWW1n", "World Wide Web1n", "web5n" ; :wordnet "WWW", "World Wide Web", "web" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The ''WorldWideWeb'' is a part of the ''Internet'' is a specific type available using HTTP protocols. Should This be an instance? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'World Wide Web' in WordNet: 1. World Wide Web, WWW, web - (computer network consisting of a collection of internet sites that offer text and graphics and sound and animation resources through the hypertext transfer protocol) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Internet . :Worldly :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability :GoodJudgment, :Wiseness ; :wnsense "blase1adj", "worldly2adj" ; :wordnet "blase", "worldly" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Worldly'' is a subattribute of ''Sophisticated'' characterizing someone who is wise to the 'ways of the world' (which ways?? ''BehaviorTowardOthers'', among other ''HumanActivity''s). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'worldly' in Wordnet: 2. blase, worldly - (very sophisticated especially because of surfeit; versed in the ways of the world; 'the blase traveler refers to the ocean he has crossed as 'the pond''; 'the benefits of his worldly wisdom') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Knowledgeable . :Worldwide :isTheOppositeOf :Rare ; :ldoce "universal" ; :wnsense "universal1adj", "worldwide1adj" ; :wordnet "universal", "worldwide" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An attribute things or attributes that occur throughout the world (Earth) in many different places or among many different social groups. Corresponds to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'worldwide' and sense 2 of 'universal' in WordNet: WN adj 'worldwide': 1. (1) worldwide, world-wide - (spanning or extending throughout the entire world; 'worldwide distribution'; 'a worldwide epidemic') 3. cosmopolitan, ecumenical, oecumenical, general, universal, worldwide, world-wide - (of worldwide scope or applicability; 'an issue of cosmopolitan import'; 'the shrewdest political and ecumenical comment of our time'- Christopher Morley; 'universal experience') WN adj 'universal' 1. (21) cosmopolitan, ecumenical, oecumenical, general, universal, worldwide, world-wide - (of worldwide scope or applicability; 'an issue of cosmopolitan import'; 'the shrewdest political and ecumenical comment of our time'- Christopher Morley; 'universal experience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Widespread . :Worm :guid "c0fd58ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "worm" ; :wnsense "worm1n" ; :wordnet "worm" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all worms; a subset of #$Animal. Each element of #$Worm is a long, thin, flexible, tubular or thread-like or ribbon-shaped animal (excluding eels, snakes, and limbless lizards); most worms are small or even microscopic. The collection #$Worm includes members of numerous worm phyla (see #$BiologicalPhylum), for example, Annelida (earthworms, etc.), Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Nematoda (nematodes), Nemertia, tapeworms, liver flukes, etc. #$Worm also includes the vermiform larval stages of several species of #$Arthropod. #$Worm is not a standard scientific category (see #$BiologicalTaxon). SUMO: Long, narrow, soft-bodied Invertebrates. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'worm' in WordNet: 1. (3) worm - (any of numerous relatively small elongated soft-bodied animals especially of the phyla Annelida and Chaetognatha and Nematoda and Nemertea and Platyhelminthes; also many insect larvae) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Invertebrate . :Wormwood :guid "bee70d1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "Artemisia absinthium1n", "absinthe1n", "common wormwood1n", "lad's love1n", "wormwood1n" ; :wordnet "Artemisia absinthium", "absinthe", "common wormwood", "lad's love", "wormwood" ; a :BiologicalSpecies, :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: a bitter, aromatic plant, Artemisia absinthium, of the Old World, used as a vermifuge and a tonic, and as an ingredient in #$Absinthe. In WN 'wormwood' sense 1 is a parent type for the CYC 'Wormwood'. This type includes the paret and the more specific 'Artemisia absinthium'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wormwood' in WordNet: 1. wormwood - (any of several low composite herbs of the genera Artemisia or Seriphidium) WN noun 'common wormwood': 1. common wormwood, absinthe, old man, lad's love, Artemisia absinthium - (aromatic herb of temperate Eurasia and North Africa having a bitter taste (used in making the liqueur absinthe) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Absinthe ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Worn :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :AbradingSomething ; :wnsense "worn1adj" ; :wordnet "worn" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of PhysicalObjects that are typically still useful or functional, but have visible damage to the surface due to use, in some cases having surface material removed by friction of contact with other objects, or being 'frayed' (as with cloth objects) such that some of the threads have been broken. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worn' in WordNet: 1. (2) worn - (affected by wear; damaged by long use; 'worn threads on the screw'; 'a worn suit'; 'the worn pockets on the jacket') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Damaged, :PastParticiple . :WornOut :isAnAttributeValueOf :ArtifactObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :IncurringDamage, :UsingAnObject ; :wnsense "raddled1adj", "worn-out1adj" ; :wordnet "raddled", "worn-out" ; a :PastParticipleType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An Attribute of some ''ArtifactObject'' that has been used and damaged to the point where it can no longer be used for its original design purpose with the same effectiveness. For clothing this may not mean that it cannot be worn, but it would look disreputable to some degree*. *(And yet, in the 2020's ''Jeans'' that look badly worn out are manufactured that way and sold as new, and considered by some (especially ''Teenager''s) to be ''Stylish''. Go figure.) Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worn-out' in Wordnet: 1. raddled, worn-out - (used until no longer useful; 'battered trumpets and raddled radios'; 'worn-out shoes with flapping soles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Damaged, :PastParticiple, :Used . :Worried :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling :Worry ; :wnsense "apprehensive2adj", "distressed4adj", "upset1adj", "worried1adj", "worried2adj" ; :wordnet "apprehensive", "distressed", "upset", "worried" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Worried'' is the attribute of someone experiencing ''Worry''. This is more intense than ''Anxious'', ''nervous'' or ''Concerned'', in order of lesser intensity. The feeing of ''Worry'' tends to be directed toward some specific possible FutureSituation that is 'bad' for the worrier. 'distressed' and 'disturbed' might be broken into a more intense subtype.?? 'disturbed' can convey some suggestion of mental illness. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'worried' in WordNet: 1. (7) disquieted, distressed, disturbed, upset, worried - (afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief; 'too upset to say anything'; 'spent many disquieted moments'; 'distressed about her son's leaving home'; 'lapsed into disturbed sleep'; 'worried parents'; 'a worried frown'; 'one last worried check of the sleeping children') 2. apprehensive, worried - (mentally upset over possible misfortune or danger etc; 'apprehensive about her job'; 'not used to a city and worried about small things'; 'felt apprehensive about the consequences') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anxious . :Worrisome :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing :Anxiety, :Concern, :Worry ; :isTheOppositeOf :Reassuring ; :wnsense "unreassuring1adj", "worrisome1adj" ; :wordnet "unreassuring", "worrisome" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worrisome' in Wordnet: 1. unreassuring, worrisome - (not reassuring; tending to cause anxiety) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distressing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worry ; owl:onProperty :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing ] . :WorrisomeSituation :ldoce "worry" ; :wnsense "concern4n", "headache1n", "vexation3n", "worry1n" ; :wordnet "concern", "headache", "vexation", "worry" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ProblemSituation that causes Worry to some agent.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'worry' in WordNet; NOTE that this type is a Situation, therefore a Person per se cannot be an instance - to represent such notions, it is necessary to represent the situation desribing what state (Event) of that Person is the cause of Worry: in WordNet: 1. (8) concern, worry, headache, vexation - (something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness; 'New York traffic is a constant concern'; 'it's a major worry') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProblemSituation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worry ; owl:onProperty :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worrisome ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Worry :en "worrying" ; :isanIntensiveFormOf :Anxiety ; :ldoce "trouble", "worry" ; :wnsense "trouble5n", "worry1v", "worry2n", "worry2v" ; :wordnet "trouble", "worry" ; a :FeelingType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Worry' is a more intense form of 'Anxiety' that may also last longer than an Anxiety, which may be brief. A ''Worry'' tends to be direted toward a ''PossibleFutureDanger'' which is dangeerous and herefore ''Bad'' for some agent usually the worrier or someone close. Corresponds to noun sense 2 and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'worry' and sense 5 of 'trouble' in WordNet: WN noun 'worry: 2. (6) worry, trouble - (a strong feeling of anxiety; 'his worry over the prospect of being fired'; 'it is not work but worry that kills'; 'he wanted to die and end his troubles') WN verb 'worry': 1. (32) worry - (be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy; 'I worry about my job') 2. (9) worry, care - (be concerned with; 'I worry about my grades') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anxiety, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worried ; owl:onProperty :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PossibleFutureDanger ; owl:onProperty :hasTopic ] . :Worse :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Bad ; :isTheOppositeOf :Better ; :ldoce "worse" ; :wnsense "worse1adj" ; :wordnet "worse" ; a :IntensiveAttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Worse' is a 'GoodnessValue' that specifies that the subject of the Comparison is even 'worse' (\" badder \") than the object of the comparison. This is a simple attribute value, though comparisons can be more explicit. This type of comparative attribute represents a vague assertion, since the attribute itself is not specified other than 'bad'. If a linguistic phrase indicates the attribute that is worse (this car's acceleration is worse than that one's), this would have to be represented as some type of 'ComparativeMagnitude', where the attribute value (\"hasAttributeOfComparison) is 'acceleration' and the ComparativeMagnitude (hasComparativeDifference) is 'Less'. To determine which comparative magnitide and which AttributeValue are referenced in such an assertion may require context and domain knowledge. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worse' in WordNet: 1. (15) worse - ((comparative of 'bad') inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability; 'this road is worse than the first one we took'; 'the road is in worse shape than it was'; 'she was accused of worse things than cheating and lying') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Worsened :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :WorseningEvent ; :wnsense "worsened2adj" ; :wordnet "worsened" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something ''Worsened'' is something has has been made worse by a ''WorseningEvent''. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'worsened' in Wordnet: 2. worsened - (made or become worse; impaired; 'troubled by the worsened economic conditions'; 'the worsened diplomatic relations') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changed, :PastParticiple . :Worsening :isAnAttributeValueOf :PhysicalObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing :DeteriorationEvent ; :wnsense "worsening1adj" ; :wordnet "worsening" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worsening' in Wordnet: 1. worsening - (changing for the worse; 'worried by the worsening storm') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Changing . :WorseningEvent :wnsense "aggravate1v", "decline1v", "degenerate1v", "deteriorate1v", "deteriorate2v", "exacerbate1v", "worsen1v", "worsen2v" ; :wordnet "aggravate", "decline", "degenerate", "deteriorate", "exacerbate", "worsen" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WorseningEvent'' is classified as such from the point of view of anyone who considers his/her situation, or the value of some object, to have worsened. It is a''LosingSomething'' where the thing lost is some functionality or positive attribute of something that continues to exist, not a complete destruction of the thing lost. This includes transitive and intransitive senses of 'worsen'. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'worsen' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'deteriorate' in WordNet: 1. (1) worsen, decline - (grow worse; 'Conditions in the slum worsened') 2. worsen, aggravate, exacerbate, exasperate - (make worse; 'This drug aggravates the pain') WN verb 'deteriorate': 1. (4) deteriorate - (become worse or disintegrate; 'His mind deteriorated') 2. (2) devolve, deteriorate, drop, degenerate - (grow worse; 'Her condition deteriorated'; 'Conditions in the slums degenerated'; 'The discussion devolved into a shouting match') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :worsens ; owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ImprovementEvent ; owl:onProperty :hasTheOppositeEffectOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worse ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worsened ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :Worshipping :en "worshipping" ; :guid "c0ed1174-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "worship" ; :wnsense "worship1n", "worship2v", "worship3v" ; :wordnet "worship" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """RHUD 1: reverent honor and homage paid to God or a sacred personage, or to any object regarded as sacred. This is a subtype of 'MakingSomethingNoticeable' in which a IntelligentAgent acts so as to make evident to some deity his/her homage to that deity; this holds for 'worshipping' physical objects as long as the objects are believed to represent a deity that can interpret the actions as homage. The restriction specifies that the thing in evidence during a 'Worshipping' event is an Adoration - respect for a DivineBeing. NOTE: @ToDo: this will usually qualify as a ReligiousRitual, but are there exceptions? Undecided as of rev837. Corresponds to noun sense 1 and verb senses 2 and 3 of 'worship' in WordNet: WN noun 'worship': 1. (12) worship - (the activity of worshipping) WN verb 'worship': 2. (2) worship - (show devotion to (a deity); 'Many Hindus worship Shiva') 3. (1) worship - (attend religious services; 'They worship in the traditional manner') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CulturalThing, :HumanActivity, :MakingSomethingNoticeable, :PurposefulAction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AdorationOfaDivinity ; owl:onProperty :showsEvidenceOf ] . :Worthiness :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :DeservingSomething ; :isTheNominalFormOf :WorthyOfSomething ; :takesValue :GoodnessValue ; :wnsense "deservingness1n", "merit1n", "meritoriousness1n" ; :wordnet "deservingness", "merit", "meritoriousness" ; a :AttributeTypeType, :QualityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Worthiness' is an ''AttributeType'' of People that categorizes in what way or to what extent a person 'deserves' or 'merits' or 'is worthy of' some beneficial treatment. This is the 'merit' used in 'merit-bsed' admission to college, or promotion or salary raises.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'deservingness' in WordNet: 1. deservingness, merit, meritoriousness - (the quality of being deserving (e.g., deserving assistance); 'there were many children whose deservingness he recognized and rewarded') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Quality . :Worthless :isTheOppositeOf :Valuable ; :wnsense "worthless1adj" ; :wordnet "worthless" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The property of substances or objects that are considered (by their possesor) to have no positive value. This is used for a lack of either monetary, emotional, or social value. However, **NOTE** that such objects or substances may be considered by someone else as having some value, so this is not disjoint with 'ValuableThing'; and exampel is 'Scrap', material thrown out by its owner that nevertheless can be reprocessed into useful material. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worthless' in WordNet: 1. (1) worthless - (lacking in usefulness or value; 'a worthless idler') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute . :WorthlessThing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Anything that has no net value to the cognitive agent that currently possesses it. The thing (object, substance, right) may have some value to someone else, but if the possessing agent considers it too much of a nuisance to try to gain paymenty for it, it is effectively worthless. This is the quality of trash, garbage, refuse, etc..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThingWithAttribute, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Worthless ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Worthwhile :isAnAttributeValueOf :Action ; :isTheOppositeOf :Pointless ; :wnsense "worthwhile1adj" ; :wordnet "worthwhile" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Worthwhile'' is an attribute of Actions whose anticipated benefits outweigh the 'cost' in time or effort to perform them. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'worthwhile' in Wordnet: 1. (3) worthwhile - (sufficiently valuable to justify the investment of time or interest; 'a worthwhile book') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EvaluativeAttribute, :Useful . :WorthyOfSomething :hasNominalForm :Worthiness ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :DeservingSomething ; :ldoce "worthy" ; :wnsense "worthy1adj" ; :wordnet "worthy" ; a :PersonalityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'WorthyOfSomething' is an EvaluativeAttribute that expresses a judgment (usually about a Person) that the Person evaluated has some kind of Value with respect to some situation, e.g 'worthy of esteem'. When the linguistic phrase 'worthy of' is followed by some Situation, that is the situation that is referenced by the restriction 'refersToExternalEntity'; if not, the referenced Situation must be inferred from the context; a 'worthy husband' is someone that the speaker considers as an appropriate husband; a 'worthy opponent' is one who is not too easy for a person to defeat, etc. The 'restriction' is informational, and has no logical effect, since there are no instances of 'QualitativeAttributeValue' in COSMO. How this kind of information would be implmented is still to be determined: @ToDo. Note that the differences between the senses in Wordnet are vague: sense 1 includes 'worthy fellow' and sense 3 'worthy gentleman'. Whether there are logically distinguishable senses requires some further investigation. Includes sense 1, 2, and 3 of 'worthy' in WordNet: 1. (13) worthy - (having worth or merit or value; being honorable or admirable; 'a worthy fellow'; 'no student deemed worthy, and chosen for admission, would be kept out for lack of funds'- Nathan Pusey; 'worthy of acclaim'; 'worthy of consideration'; 'a worthy cause') 2. (1) desirable, suitable, worthy - (worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse; 'the parents found the girl suitable for their son') 3. worthy - (meriting respect or esteem; 'the worthy gentleman') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BehaviorAttribute, :Good, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :SituationProcessEventOrState ] . :Would-Be :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf :Person ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Person ; :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming :Failure ; :isTheOppositeOf :Successful ; :wnsense "manque1adj", "would-be1adj" ; :wordnet "manque", "would-be" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Would-Be'' characterizes someone who tried but failed to do something or become some type or Role of Person. not the same as 'wannabe' - attribute of a Person who is trying or intends to try, but has not failed to become some type of Person. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'would-be' in Wordnet: 1. manque, would-be - (unfulfilled or frustrated in realizing an ambition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Wound :guid "be495f4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wound" ; :wnsense "lesion2n", "wound1n" ; :wordnet "lesion", "wound" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An injury to the skin or mucous membrane, including a rupture in those tissues, which is caused by external force rather than by internal disease. The kind of 'lesion' caused by infection is included in ''Lesion''. A bruise would not be a ''Wound'' if the skin was not broken. NOTE that there is no object-like 'injury' or 'wound' in Wordnet. This is an ''Object'' for purposes of phrases like 'show me your wound'. Corresponds most closely to noun sense 1 of 'wound' in WordNet, but the Wordnet parent is a state, not an Object: in Wordnet: 1. (22) wound, lesion - (any break in the skin or an organ caused by violence or surgical incision) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injury-Object, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Skin ; owl:onProperty :isLocatedAt ] . :Wounded :isAnAttributeValueOf :Animal ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :Wound ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Wounding ; :wnsense "hurt1adj", "wounded1adj" ; :wordnet "hurt", "wounded" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wounded' in Wordnet: 1. (19) hurt, wounded - (suffering from physical injury especially that suffered in battle; 'nursing his wounded arm'; 'ambulances...for the hurt men and women') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :Wounding :wnsense "wound1v" ; :wordnet "wound" ; a :TransitiveEventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wounding'' is a PurposefulAction performed by some Animal that creates a 'Wound'' in the Animal attacked. For creating an 'injury' (''Injury-Object'') that is not a ''Wound'' use ''Injuring''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wound' in WordNet: 1. (5) injure, wound - (cause injuries or bodily harm to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injuring, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wound ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysiologicalCondition ; owl:onProperty :worsens ] . :Woven :guid "290c5958-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Weaving ; :wnsense "woven1adj" ; :wordnet "woven" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Woven like fabric. Metaphorical also?? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'woven' in Wordnet: 1. (1) woven - (made or constructed by interlacing threads or strips of material or other elements into a whole; 'woven fabrics'; 'woven baskets'; 'the incidents woven into the story'; 'folk songs woven into a symphony') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Flexible, :PastParticiple . :WovenObject :en "woven object" ; :enn "woven object" ; :guid "290c5958-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An Object that is Woven like fabric." ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextileArtifact, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Woven ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wow :en "wow" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A suddenly emitted word expressing surprise (usually pleasant), or being impressed Uttered by someone who has been 'wowed' (See ''WowingSomeone'') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :WowingSomeone a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''WowingSomeone'' is an intensive form of ''ImpressingSomeone'' , causing a high level of ''BeingImpressed''. many people who learn of it. RHW 2. to gain an enthusiastic response from; thrill. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wow' in WordNet: 1. wow - (impress greatly; 'The speaker wowed the audience') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImpressingSomeone, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BeingImpressed ; owl:onProperty :causesMentalEventType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Impressive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wrangler a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wrangler'' is a ''Cowboy'' who tends horses on a ranch. wrangler """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cowboy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfHorses ; owl:onProperty :controls ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrangling ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :Wrangling :wnsense "wrangle2v" ; :wordnet "wrangle" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wrangling'' is a ''HerdingAnimals'' where the thing directed is a group of ''Horse''s. The Person doing this is typically ''Cowboy'' called a ''Wrangler'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'wrangle' in WordNet: 2. wrangle - (herd and care for; 'wrangle horses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HerdingAnimals, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfHorses ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrangler ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :Wrap :ldoce "wrap" ; :wnsense "wrap1n" ; :wordnet "wrap" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ClothingItem that is intended to be wrapped around the Person over other garments. This is interpreted in COSMO as including both indoor and outdoor loose-fitting body coverings. A 'Coat' is not a subtype because it is not loose-fitting. The notion of 'loose-fitting' has not been represented in COSMO as of rev933. @ToDo. RHW sense 14 of 'wrap': 14. something to be wrapped about the person, esp. in addition to the usual indoor clothing, as a shawl, scarf, or sweater: an evening wrap. Includes noun sense 1 of 'wrap' in WordNet: 1. (1) wrap, wrapper - (cloak that is folded or wrapped around a person) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :OuterGarment . :WrappedPackage :en "wrapped package" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WrappedPackage' is a 'Package' of some substance or object(s) that is completely surrounded by some ''WrapperStuff''. this can be as large as a Pallet that is wrapped in plastc sheeting, or as small as an individual bar of candy or soap in a wrapper. This is a subtype of whatever the content is, and the wrapper is specified by the relation: ''isCompletelySurrounded3DBy'' (some ''WrapperStuff'). The specific ''WraperStuff'' need not be explicitly specified, but if known it should be mentioned. Likewise, the ''QuantityOfSomething'' wrapped in the package need not be explicitly specified. See ''WrappedGift''. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Package, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :WrapperStuff ; owl:onProperty :isCompletelySurrounded3DBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :QuantityOfSomething ; owl:onProperty :hasContents ] . :Wrapper :guid "bd58d3d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "wrapper2n" ; :wordnet "wrapper" ; a :CoveringType, :SheetType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject in the form of a sheet, made of some WrapperStuff, designed to cover objects. Cyc: The collection of pieces of sheet-like material that become containers when they are wrapped around objects. Examples include shrink-wrap packages and candy bar wrappers. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'wrapper' in Wordnet: 2. wrapping, wrap, wrapper - (the covering (usually paper or cellophane) in which something is wrapped) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Covering-Object, :SheetOfSomeStuff, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WrapperStuff ; owl:onProperty :consistsMostlyOfSubstance ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PhysicalObject ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToCover ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WrappingSomething ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :WrapperStuff :hasShape :SheetLike ; a :CoveringType, :SubstanceShapeType, :SubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A Substance in the form of a sheet, designed to cover objects or features (openings), and perhaps also to have other uses.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :SheetlikeSubstance . :WrappingInaSheet :guid "bd588646-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wrap" ; :wnsense "wrap1v" ; :wordnet "wrap" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WrappingInaSheet' is a 'WrappingSomething' in which a Person takes a SheetOfSomeStuff and wraps it around some SolidObject. This does not include putting things in boxes, though if the boxes are subsequently wrapped, that wrapping would be an instance of this type. CYC: The collection of events in which a wrapper is wrapped around an object Corresponds to sense 1 of 'wrap' in WordNet: 1. (5) wrap, wrap up - (arrange or fold as a cover or protection; 'wrap the baby before taking her out'; 'Wrap the present') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CoveringSomething, :HumanActivity, :WrappingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :SheetOfSomeStuff ] . :WrappingSomething :ldoce "wrap" ; :wnsense "wrap1v", "wrap2v" ; :wordnet "wrap" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WrappingSomething' is an Action in which an IntentionalAgent takes a CordlikeObject or a SheetOfSomeStuff and wraps it around some SolidObject. The subtypes 'WrappingInaSheet' and 'WrappingWithaLine' represent the wrapping actions that use a SheetOfSomeStuff or a CordlikeObject, respectively, to do the wrapping. NOTE that some animals do 'WrappingSomething' such as spiders that wrap their prey in spider silk, so this is not specifically a HumanActivity, though it usually is. This includes Events in which the object being wrapped is not entirely covered, as in wrapping a body in a blanket, while leaving the head sticking out. This includes wrapping papers in twine and other 'wrapping' actions that use a cord or string. For specifically wrapping something in a sheet, use 'WrappingInaSheet'. NOTE that a 'WrappingSomething', if done with a CordlikeObject, has some resemblance to a 'WindingSomethingOntoaSpool', but this type has as goal the securing of the thing wrapped, and a 'winding' process has as goal the securing of the wrapping cord, so these do not have any overlaps, though linguistically the same word ('wrap') may be used. The word 'wind' will seldom if ever be used to refer to the Event represented by this type. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'wrap' in WordNet: 1. (5) wrap, wrap up - (arrange or fold as a cover or protection; 'wrap the baby before taking her out'; 'Wrap the present') 2. (4) wind, wrap, roll, twine - (wrap or coil around; 'roll your hair around your finger'; 'Twine the thread around the spool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimalActivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrapper ; owl:onProperty :usesInstrument ] . :WrappingWithaLine :ldoce "wrap" ; :wnsense "wrap2v" ; :wordnet "wrap" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WrappingWithaLine' is a 'WrappingSomething' in which a Person takes a CordlikeObject and wraps it around some SolidObject. This does not include putting things in boxes, though if the boxes are subsequently wrapped, that wrapping would be an instance of this type. This includes wrapping (bundling) papers in twine and other 'wrapping' actions that use a cord or string. For specifically wrapping something in a sheet, use 'WrappingInaSheet'. Corresponds to part of sense 2 of 'wrap' in WordNet: 2. (4) wind, wrap, roll, twine - (wrap or coil around; 'roll your hair around your finger'; 'Twine the thread around the spool') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :WrappingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :requiresResource ; owl:someValuesFrom :CordlikeObject ] . :Wrath :wnsense "wrath3n" ; :wordnet "wrath" ; a :EventType, :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the feeling experienced by someone who is very angry and inclined to punish the agent causing the anger. Random House Webster: 1. (8) wrath - (intense anger (usually on an epic scale)) 2. wrath, anger, ire, ira - (belligerence aroused by a real or supposed wrong (personified as one of the deadly sins)) This corresponds to sense 3 in WordNet, which COSMO considers as a subtype of 'Anger' and not synonymous with 'Anger. WordNet senses of Anger and wrath: in Wordnet: 1.(22) anger, choler, ire - (a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance) 2. (1) anger, angriness - (the state of being angry) 3. wrath, anger, ire, ira - (belligerence aroused by a real or supposed wrong (personified as one of the deadly sins)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Anger . :WreakingSomething :wnsense "bring3v", "make for1v", "play27v", "work11v", "wreak1v" ; :wordnet "bring", "make for", "play", "work", "wreak" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WreakingSomething'' is a ''CausingAnEvent'' Action that causes some other Event or Situation. The term 'wreak' or its past tense 'wrought' is often used to refer to some negative situation, but the synonymous terms have that connotation less often. RHW verb 'wreak': 1. to inflict or execute (punishment, vengeance, etc.): They wreaked havoc on the enemy Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wreak' in WordNet: 1. (1) bring, work, play, wreak, make for - (cause to happen or to occur as a consequence; 'I cannot work a miracle'; 'wreak havoc'; 'bring comments'; 'play a joke'; 'The rain brought relief to the drought-stricken area') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CausingAnEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PhysicalSituation ; owl:onProperty :causes ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :UndesirableThing ; owl:onProperty :mayCause ] . :Wreath :wnsense "chaplet1n", "coronal1n", "garland4n", "lei1n", "wreath1n" ; :wordnet "chaplet", "coronal", "garland", "lei", "wreath" ; a :GroupType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wreath'' is a circular Arrangement of cut ''PlantPart''s used as a decoration. The parts are maintained in their proper position by cords or wires, and sometimes glue. This can be mimicked by artificial plant parts, but this type is for real plants. NOTE: a 'lei' should be a subtype. A 'garland' can be linear and non-circular, as with garlands strung around a Christmas tree. Needs more detail. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wreath' in WordNet: 1. (2) wreath, garland, coronal, chaplet, lei - (flower arrangement consisting of a circular band of foliage or flowers for ornamental purposes) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Arrangement, :Ornament, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :PlantPart ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Circular ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Wreckage :wnsense "wreckage1n" ; :wordnet "wreckage" ; a :GroupType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wreckage'' is an ''ObjectGroup'' consisting of one or more parts of some ArtifactObject that has been destroyed (produced by a ''Wrecking'' Event). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wreckage' in WordNet: 1. (1) wreckage - (the remaining parts of something that has been wrecked; 'they searched the wreckage for signs of survivors') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ObjectGroup, :PhysicalObject, :Role, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PartOfanArtifact ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentElement ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WreckedObject ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrecking ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ] . :Wrecked :wnsense "wrecked1adj" ; :wordnet "wrecked" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A property of PhysicalObjects that are typically useful or functional, but have ceased to be useful or functional as a result of a 'DamagingEvent'. This is a more intensive state of being 'Damaged' than the general sense. This does not include living things; if a living thing is comparably 'Damaged' it would be Dead. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wrecked' in WordNet: 1. wrecked - (destroyed in an accident; 'a wrecked ship'; 'a highway full of wrecked cars') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Broken, :Damaged, :Ineffective . :WreckedObject :CYC "RuinedArtifact" ; :guid "bd71412b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "wreck" ; :wnsense "wreck1n", "wreck4n" ; :wordnet "wreck" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A PhysicalObject that has become 'Wrecked' (i.e. unable to function or to be repaired economically) as a result of a 'DamagingEvent'. Similar to CYC 'RuinedArtifact': #$RuinedArtifact is the class of artifacts which have, either due to wear and tear over a long time, or due to destructive events, human-caused or otherwise, been degraded to the point that they can't serve their intended function. If something is a #$RuinedArtifact, then it's usually so far gone that it can't be repaired. Specializations include ruined buildings, junked cars, smashed pottery, etc. Includes sense 4 and part of sense 1 of 'wreck' in Wordnet - this term does not apply to animals; 'huma wreck' would be a metaphorical use.; in WordNet: 1. (1) wreck - (something or someone that has suffered ruin or dilapidation; 'the house was a wreck when they bought it'; 'thanks to that quack I am a human wreck') 4. wreck - (a ship that has been destroyed at sea) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ArtifactObject, :DamagedObject, :NonFunctionalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrecked ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ArtifactObject ; owl:onProperty :wasaPhysicalPartOf ] . :Wrecking :en "wrecking" ; :eng "wrecking" ; :ldoce "wreck" ; :wnsense "wreck1v" ; :wordnet "wreck" ; a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of Events where an agent (intentionally or unintentionally) by applying force causes substantial physical damage to an ArtifactObject sufficient to make it economically unrepairable - a total loss. This does not preclude someone from repairing it anyway, even if it would be cheaper to buy a replacement. The damage must be at least partly to the exterior, and may be (but does not have to be) enough to cause separation of parts. The 'Agent' can be a force of nature: 'wrecked by the hurricane' One may specify the type of thing wrecked, or the individual thing. But We can't have a union of class and metaclass as value, so just use the type. The individual can also be specified, but the type is *required* by the restriction. NOTE: the sense of 'wreck' involving natural objects, such as 'drinking wrecked his health' is *not* included in this type. That would be 'HarmingAnAgent'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wreck' in WordNet: 1. (10) bust up, wreck, wrack - (smash or break forcefully; 'The kid busted up the car') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DamagingEvent, :PhysicalDestructionEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadDamagedObject ; owl:someValuesFrom :ArtifactObjectType ] . :Wrench :guid "bd59094d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spanner1n", "wrench3n" ; :wordnet "spanner", "wrench" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: A tool used for rotating things like bolts. Wrenches come in several type - adjustable wrenches have flat jaws, and pipe wrenches have serrated jaws. Fixed-width wrenches can have one or both ends with U-shaped gripping jaws. There are hex wrenches, star-bit wrenches, and each come in multiple widths, and various others - hundreds. Corresponds to noun sense 3 of 'wrench' in WordNet: 3. wrench, spanner - (a hand tool that is used to hold or twist a nut or bolt) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HardwareTool, :HolderGripper, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Rotating ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce ] . :WrenchedBodyPart :wnsense "pull5n", "twist5n", "wrench1n" ; :wordnet "pull", "twist", "wrench" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrench' in WordNet: 1. wrench, twist, pull - (a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments; 'the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell'; 'he was sidelined with a hamstring pull') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Injury-Object . :Wrestler :guid "c01cae9a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grappler1n", "matman1n", "wrestler1n" ; :wordnet "grappler", "matman", "wrestler" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrestler' in WordNet: 1. (1) wrestler, grappler, matman - (combatant who tries to throw opponent to the ground) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Athlete, :Fighter, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WrestlingSportsEvent ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ] . :WrestlingSportsEvent :guid "bd588297-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "grapple3n", "grappling1n", "hand-to-hand struggle1n", "wrestle1n", "wrestle4v", "wrestling1n" ; :wordnet "grapple", "grappling", "hand-to-hand struggle", "wrestle", "wrestling" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 4 of 'wrestle' in WordNet: 4. wrestle - (engage in a wrestling match; 'The children wrestled in the garden') WN noun 'wrestling': 1. (1) wrestle, wrestling, grapple, grappling, hand-to-hand struggle - (the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat; 'they had a fierce wrestle'; 'we watched his grappling and wrestling with the bully') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bout, :CombatSportsEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrestler ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :WringingaWetObject :wnsense "wring4v" ; :wordnet "wring" ; a :EventType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WringingaWetObject'' is a ''SqueezingEvent'' in which some ''FabricObject'' is squeezed, either by twisting (usually with the hands), or by pressing between the rollers of a 'wringer'. @ToDo: a wringing with the hands may be the most common form, perhaps should be a subtype. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wring' in WordNet: 4. wring - (twist, squeeze, or compress in order to extract liquid; 'wring the towels') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DecreaseEvent, :SqueezingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WetFabricObject ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wetness ; owl:onProperty :causesDecreaseIn ] . :Wrinkle :wnsense "crease2n", "wrinkle1n" ; :wordnet "crease", "wrinkle" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wrinkle'' is a line-shaped 'depression' on a surface. If there are more than one ''Wrinkle'', the depressions will alternate with 'ridges' (a ''Convexity'') to form a corrugated surface. This term is only used with person-sized objects such as clothing and skin. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrinkle' in WordNet: 1. (4) wrinkle, furrow, crease, crinkle, seam, line - (a slight depression in the smoothness of a surface; 'his face has many lines'; 'ironing gets rid of most wrinkles') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DepressionOnObject, :LineOnaSurface . :Wrinkled :guid "101f23da-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "wrinkled1adj", "wrinkled2adj", "wrinkly1adj" ; :wordnet "wrinkled", "wrinkly" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Surfaces which are #$covers-Generic ridges, creases, folds. Caused by aging, crumpling, folding, contraction or the like. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'wrinkled' in Wordnet: 1. (4) wrinkled, wrinkly - (marked with wrinkles or furrows; 'her ancient wrinkled cheeks') 2. wrinkled - (marked by wrinkles; 'tired travelers in wrinkled clothes') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Uneven . :Wrist :guid "bd58e772-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isAnOrganicPartOf :Arm ; :ldoce "wrist" ; :wnsense "articulatio radiocarpea1n", "carpus1n", "radiocarpal joint1n", "wrist joint1n", "wrist1n" ; :wordnet "articulatio radiocarpea", "carpus", "radiocarpal joint", "wrist", "wrist joint" ; a :AnimalBodyPartType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Flexible joint between the hand and the forearm. SUMO: The joint in the Arm connecting the radius and carpal bones. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrist' in WordNet: 1. (9) wrist, carpus, wrist joint, radiocarpal joint, articulatio radiocarpea - (a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ExternalAnatomicalPart, :GlidingJoint, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Arm ; owl:onProperty :isAnOrganicPartOf ] . :WristAndFinger :hasComponentElement :Finger, :Wrist ; a :Group, :Pair . :WristWatch :guid "be01ffb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :isUsedToMeasure :TimeOfDay ; :wnsense "wrist watch1n", "wristwatch1n" ; :wordnet "wrist watch", "wristwatch" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WristWatch'' is a ''Watch'' worn on the wrist. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wristwatch' in WordNet: 1. wristwatch, wrist watch - (a watch that is worn strapped to the wrist) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :SelfPoweredDevice, :SomethingToWear, :Watch . :Writ :guid "bdc2489c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "judicial writ1n", "writ1n" ; :wordnet "judicial writ", "writ" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all written orders by a court [#$Court-Judicial] ordering and authorizing a #$LegalAgent to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing some specific act or type of act. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writ' in WordNet: 1. (2) writ, judicial writ - ((law) a legal document issued by a court or judicial officer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LegalDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Court-Judicial ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Permission ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :WriteDown :wnsense "write-down1n" ; :wordnet "write-down" ; a :LossType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WriteDown'' is a ''FinancialLoss'' in which some ''FinancialAsset'' of a Corporation is reduced in value. The Corporation uses such losses in calculating . NOTE: this is the actual loss itself, not a record or report of a loss. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'write-down' in WordNet: 1. write-off, write-down - ((accounting) reduction in the book value of an asset) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :FinancialLoss, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadReducedEntity ; owl:someValuesFrom :AssetValue ] . :Writer :guid "bd58fbae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "writer1n" ; :wordnet "writer" ; a :OccupationType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A subtype of Author who is practised or proficient at composing prose works, and has published some prose work (perhaps self-published on the internet) but not necessarily a professional. This differs from the Cyc usage. Professionals or those more practised than an amateur would be classified under subtypes of this category. Cyc: Not the same as Author. A writer is someone who writes as an occupation (for a living); an author may or may not be a writer. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writer' in Wordnet: 1. (36) writer, author - (writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Author, :ProfessionalPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingForPublication ; owl:onProperty :practicesOccupation ] . :Writing :en "writing" ; :guid "bd58cbbe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "write" ; :wnsense "write7v" ; :wordnet "write" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this subtype of 'MakingWrittenMaterial' is for producing text by hand (as opposed to printing), whether or not assisted by a device such as a typewriter or computer keyboard, or cell phone keypad. Printing out something previously typed, or printing on a press, are not instances of this type. Writing is not necessarily creative - an act of copying something already written is also an act of Writing. However, every act of Writing does produce some TextualMaterial - a PhysicalObject with a representation of text on or in it. The arrangments of magnetic or electronic coded symbols in a computer memory or storage medium counts as 'TextualMaterial', so using a Word Processor is an instance of this type. Cyc: A specialization of both #$HumanActivity and #$VisualInformationGeneratingAct. Each instance of #$Writing is an action in which some text is produced, either via writing by hand or writing with a machine, such as a typewriter or a computer. An instance of #$Writing could be a single episode of writing, or a discontinuous series of episodes (as when one writes a letter over a few days). #$Writing is not a specialization of #$Communicating, because in some instances of #$Writing there is not a successful transfer of information to another agent. NOTE that writing is not necessarily a Communication, as a Communication must have an intended recipient as well as a creator. SUMO: A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which content is converted from one form (e.g. uttered, written or represented mentally) into a written form. Note that this class covers both transcription and original creation of written Texts. Corresponds to verb sense 7 of 'write' in WordNet: 7. (8) write - (mark or trace on a surface; 'The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper'; 'Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :MakingWrittenMaterial, :MarkingOnASurface, :Paperwork, :VisualInformationGeneratingAct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :TextualMaterial ] . :WritingBoard :wnsense "writing board1n" ; :wordnet "writing board" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WritingBoard'' is a ''Board'' used to support sheets of paper to assist writing on them. This can be made of wood or wood composite or hard cardboard or plastic. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writing board' in WordNet: 1. writing board - (work surface consisting of a wide lightweight board that can be placed across the lap and used for writing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Board, :SmallObject, :WorkSurface, :WritingSurfaceProduct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WritingByHand ; owl:onProperty :enablesOrAssists ] . :WritingByHand a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The act of creating a text on some surface - usually paper, or a blackboard or whiteboard - using a 'HandWritingImplement' such as a pen or pencil, controlled directly by the hand. The resulting text has the property 'Handwritten'..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :ApplyingSomethingToSurface, :MarkingOnASurface, :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :HandWritingImplement ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :HandwrittenText ] . :WritingByTypewriter :wnsense "type1v", "typewrite1v" ; :wordnet "type", "typewrite" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WritingByTypewriter'' is the act of creating a text on paper by using a ''Typewriter'' - one with a traditional keyboard, whether mechanical or electrical. This is not for creating text on a word processor or computer. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'type' in WordNet: 1. (2) type, typewrite - (write by means of a keyboard with types; 'type the acceptance letter, please') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MarkingOnASurface, :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :Typewriter ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produced ; owl:someValuesFrom :Typescript ] . :WritingDevice :wnsense "writing implement1n" ; :wordnet "writing implement" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WritingDevice' is any Device used to create written text, including pens, typewriters, calligraphy brushes, and commputer keyboards. For the more specific shaft-like devices (pens and pencils and crayons) use 'HandWritingImplement' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writing implement' in WordNet: 1. writing implement - (an implement that is used to write) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Device, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Writing ; owl:onProperty :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ] . :WritingForPublication :en "had published", "published", "was published", "write for publicatio" ; :wnsense "publish3v" ; :wordnet "publish" ; a :ActionType, :OccupationType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WritingForPublication'' is a subtype of ''PublishingWrittenMaterial'' that specifically covers the action of Person who writes and publishes in print (by her/himself or through a Publisher) the thing written. This includes books, magazine articles, scientific journal articles, and newspaper articles (including op-ed pieces. Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'publish' in WordNet: 3. (4) publish, write - (have (one's written work) issued for publication; 'How many books did Georges Simenon write?'; 'She published 25 books during her long career') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PublishingWrittenMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PublishedMaterial ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :Person ] . :WritingInCapitalLetters :en "writing in capital letters", "writing in capitals" ; :enn "writing in capital letters", "writing in capitals" ; :wnsense "capitalise3v", "capitalize3v" ; :wordnet "capitalise", "capitalize" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 3 of 'capitalize' in WordNet: 3. capitalize, capitalise - (write in capital letters) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WrittenWord ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :CapitalizedWord ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capitalized ; owl:onProperty :objectHasAttributeAfter ] . :WritingInHieroglyphs :en "writing hieroglyphs", "writing in hieroglyphics", "writing in hieroglyphs" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WritingInHieroglyphs'' is a ''MakingWrittenMaterial' in which the symbols used are Egyptian ''Hieroglyph''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingInPictographs, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hieroglyph ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :uses ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AncientEgypt ; owl:onProperty :occurredAt ] . :WritingInPictographs :en "writing hieroglyphs", "writing in hieroglyphics", "writing in hieroglyphs" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WritingInPictographs'' is a ''MakingWrittenMaterial' in which the symbols used are ''Pictograph''s. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WritingWithIdeograms, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Pictograph ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :WritingStyle :wnsense "genre2n", "literary genre1n", "writing style1n" ; :wordnet "genre", "literary genre", "writing style" ; a :AttributeTypeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WritingStyle'' is a ''LinguisticManner'' used in writing, whether prose or poetry. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'writing style' in WordNet: 1. writing style, literary genre, genre - (a style of expressing yourself in writing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticManner . :WritingSurfaceProduct :en "writing surface" ; :enn "writing surface" ; :guid "bd58a6b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Kinds of objects produced to serve as a writing surfaces, surfaces on which marking are intentionally made to communicate. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :NonPoweredDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Writing ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :WritingSymbol :guid "bd590a0b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "printed symbol1n", "writing4n", "written symbol1n" ; :wordnet "printed symbol", "writing", "written symbol" ; a :ObjectType, :SymbolType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WritingSymbol'' is one of the set of Symbols that are used in some system of writng to repreent a idea or a sound or some other element that can be used in combination with others to convey ideas and preserve them in a Physical form that can be interpreted by (usually other) people, for purpose of communication. Among the subtypes are phonetic symbols of a phonetic alphabet, egyptian hieroglyphs, and Chinese ideographs. Less well developed systems of writing have been CYC: 'WritingSymbolCharacter': The specialization of #$Character-Abstract whose instances are characters used as writing symbols in some writing system or other. Specializations of #$WritingSymbolCharacter include #$Letter-Alphabetic, #$Numeral, #$RomanLetter, #$ChineseCharacter, and many others. Instances of #$WritingSymbolCharacter include the Roman letter 'a', the Arabic numeral '1', and #$PercentSign-TheSymbol. (See also #$WritingSymbolCharacterSet.) The closest WN sense is 'writing' sense 4, but that does not distinguish between the abstract symbol and its representation on a surface - this type is the abstract symbol. Corresponds to noun sense 4 of 'writing' in WordNet: 4. (3) writing - (letters or symbols written or imprinted on a surface to represent the sounds or words of a language; 'he turned the paper over so the writing wouldn't show'; 'the doctor's writing was illegible') WN noun 'written symbol': 1. written symbol, printed symbol - (a written or printed symbol) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractSymbol, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MakingWrittenMaterial ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ] . :WritingSystem a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WritingSystem'' is a ''NotationalSystem'' for writing a Language that uses a Group of ''NotationalSymbol''s (''AbstractSymbol''s) ordered by a writing convention (order of the symbols, left to right or vice-versa, top to bottom, capitalization, pronunciation, spacing, etc) to represent the ideas that can be communicated by a Humanlanguage. The sybols may represent sounds, as in a ''PhoneticWritingSystem'', or ideas as in Egyptian hieroglyphs or Chinese ideographs.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NotationalSystem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasPart ; owl:someValuesFrom :WritingSymbol ] . :WritingWithChalk :wnsense "chalk1v" ; :wordnet "chalk" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Writing on an object with a piece of chalk. @ToDo: uses ''Chalk-WritingImplement'' produces 'erasable text' - Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'chalk' in WordNet: 1. chalk - (write, draw, or trace with chalk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :TextualMaterial ] . :WritingWithIdeograms :en "writing ideograms", "writing in ideograms", "writing with ideograms" ; :wnsense "ideography1n" ; :wordnet "ideography" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WritingWithIdeograms'' is a ''MakingWrittenMaterial' in which the symbols used are mostly some form of ''Ideogram'' (such as Egyptian ''Hieroglyph''s.) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ideography' in WordNet: 1. ideography - (the use of ideograms in writing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :MakingWrittenMaterial, :MarkingOnASurface, :VisualInformationGeneratingAct, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ideogram ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :uses ] . :WritingaComputerProgram :en "code" ; :eng "coding" ; :env "code" ; :guid "bd58eebc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "computer programing1n", "computer programming1n", "program2v", "programing2v", "programme1v", "programming2v" ; :wordnet "computer programing", "computer programming", "program", "programing", "programme", "programming" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """WritingaComputerProgram' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent creates some ''ComputerProgram'' - on paper or in electronic form *and* runs it on a a computer. CYC 'ProgrammingAComputer': A specialization of both #$ComputerActivity and #$IBTGeneration-Original. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some #$Agent programs some #$Computer by physically typing a copy of the program into it. For particularly clever or expert programming feats, see #$Hacking. See also #$WritingAComputerProgram -- the collection of events in which some #$Agent creates a #$ComputerProgram-CW (of course many instances of #$WritingAComputerProgram will also be instances of #$ProgrammingAComputer). Includes RHW sense of 'code': 14. Computers. to translate (a program) into language that can be communicated to the computer. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'programming' in WordNet: 2. programming, programing, computer programming, computer programing - (creating a sequence of instructions to enable the computer to do something) WN verb 'program': 2. (3) program, programme - (write a computer program) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreatingaConceptualWork, :PurposefulAction, :UsingaComputer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :ComputerProgram ] . :WritingaLetter :ldoce "write" ; :wnsense "write2v", "write4v", "write5v" ; :wordnet "write" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'WritingaLetter' is an Action in which an IntelligentAgent creates a physical Text that is a letter, whether or not the letter is intended to be sent. This is not in itself a Communication, but the sending of the letter would be.. Includes verb sense 2 and parts of sense 4 and 5 of 'write' in WordNet: 2. (97) write - (communicate or express by writing; 'Please write to me every week') 4. (15) write, drop a line - (communicate (with) in writing; 'Write her soon, please!') 5. (10) write - (communicate by letter; 'He wrote that he would be coming soon') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommunicatingInWriting, :Writing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :produces ; owl:someValuesFrom :Letter ] . :Written :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :Writing ; :wnsense "written1adj" ; :wordnet "written" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of any text in any language with a writing system, on any surface (but not usually applied to text stored in electronic media unless also available one paper). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'written' in WordNet: 1. (9) written - (set down in writing in any of various ways; 'written evidence') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :WrittenCommunication :wnsense "written communication1n", "written language1n" ; :wordnet "written communication", "written language" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, :DocumentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Every 'WrittenCommunication' is a 'Document-Physical' produced with the intention of putting information into a stable form, in order to convey information to another person. For creating written information that may be used by the person creating it, see ''PhysicalEventRecord''. This is an Object, not an Action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'written communication' in WordNet: 1. written communication, written language - (communication by means of written symbols) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :CommunicatingInWriting ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :WrittenEntry :wnsense "entry1n", "entry2n" ; :wordnet "entry" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :TextType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WrittenEntry'' is physical ''TextualMaterial' that is a relatively small part of a larger ''Document-Physical'', especially one that is organized into multiple sections, like a diary, or ledger. Includes noun senses 1 and 3 of 'entry' in WordNet: 1. (10) entry - (an item inserted in a written record) 3. (2) entry, accounting entry, ledger entry - (a written record of a commercial transaction) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial . :WrittenExam :ldoce "examination", "examine" ; :wnsense "exam1n", "examination2n", "test5n" ; :wordnet "exam", "examination", "test" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WrittenExam'' is a ''Questionnaire'' (a ''Form-StandardizedIBO'') having questions and usually blank spaces in which to write answers, or in a 'multiple-choice' exam, boxes next to ossibleanswers that can be checked or filled in to indicate the examinee's answer.. Corresponds to noun sense 2 'examination', in WordNet; in WordNet: 2. (1) examination, exam, test - - (a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge; 'when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Questionnaire . :WrittenLog a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WrittenLog'' is a ''WrittenRecord'' that is contained in some ''LogBook''. NOTE: there are two types of 'log' represented in Wordnet, but there are others as well. This type will be the parent type for all subtypes. This is the portion of ''Logbook' consisting of the written entries. There may be other parts """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WrittenRecord, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LogBook ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :WrittenRecord :wnsense "written record1n" ; :wordnet "written record" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WrittenRecord''' is any ''Document-Physical'' that contains thoughts or observations of some Person.produced as a means of recording the ideas or observations so as to be able to remember it accurately. The writing can be handwriting or typing or computer keyboard entry. For the more specific writing that records events rather than just thoughts, use ''PhysicalEventRecord''. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'written record' in WordNet: 1. written record, written account - (a written document preserving knowledge of facts or events) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Document-Physical, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Written ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :WrittenWork ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :WrittenTest :ldoce "test" ; :wnsense "test1n" ; :wordnet "test" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WrittenTest' is an AbstractDocument containing a GroupOfQuestions (plus optional other Text) designed to assess some mental attribute of the Person tested. A WrittenTest assesses Knowledge or some other mental attribute: @ToDo: a Generic mental attribute has not yet (r897) been represented in COSMO. Corresponds only approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'test' in WordNet: 1. (103) test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test - (any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; 'the test was standardized on a large sample of students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractDocument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :GroupOfQuestions ; owl:onProperty :containsSymbolicObject ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Capability ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToAssess ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Knowledge ; owl:onProperty :isUsedToAssess ] . :WrittenTesting :ldoce "test" ; :wnsense "test1n" ; :wordnet "test" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A 'WrittenTesting' is an Action in which one or more questions are given in writing to a Person to measure some mental attribute of that Person. Each instance is an execution of a 'MentalTestProcedure' Corresponds only approximately to part of noun sense 1 of 'test' in WordNet: 1. (103) test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test - (any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; 'the test was standardized on a large sample of students') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MentalTesting . :WrittenWord :en "word", "written word" ; :enn "word", "written word" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''WrittenWord'' is any one of the 'words' in some ''TextualMaterial'' (and may be the only word, as on a 'stop' sign). A ''WrittenWord'' may contain a space, if it is an indivisible combination of words that represent a single concept defined in some lexicon. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :TextualMaterial, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Written ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Word ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf ] . :WrittenWork a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''WrittenWork'' is the textual portion of some 'ConceptualWork, not including graphical material. This distinguishes written material from pictures or sounds (e.g. voice or music) or specifications for movement such as ballet (unless the specifications are written). """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractText, :ConceptualWork, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isaPartOf ; owl:someValuesFrom :ConceptualWork ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Author ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Wrong :wnsense "wrong2adj" ; :wordnet "wrong" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This type is morally ''Wrong'', not 'incorrect'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'wrong' in Wordnet: 2. (12) wrong - (contrary to conscience or morality or law; 'it is wrong for the rich to take advantage of the poor'; 'cheating is wrong'; 'it is wrong to lie') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bad . :Wrongdoer :wnsense "offender1n", "wrongdoer1n" ; :wordnet "offender", "wrongdoer" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Wrongdoer'' is a ''Person'' who has performed an Action ''Wrongdoing'' - against some moral or legal rule. NOTE:'ofender' is also used for a Person who performs ''Offending'', an 'Offensive'' action. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'wrongdoer' in WordNet: 1. wrongdoer, offender - (a person who transgresses moral or civil law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BadGuy, :Offender, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrongdoing ; owl:onProperty :performsAction ] . :Wrongdoing :ldoce "wrong", "wrongdoing" ; :wnsense "actus reus1n", "error5n", "misconduct1n", "misconduct2n", "wrong2n", "wrongdoing1n", "wrongdoing2n", "wrongful conduct1n" ; :wordnet "actus reus", "error", "misconduct", "wrong", "wrongdoing", "wrongful conduct" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any Action that violates some moral or ethical or legal principle. This is a subtype of ''UndesirableBehavior'' and represents a violation of a rule that is impotant to more people than that which is violated in a ''UndesirableBehavior''. Although what may be wrongdoing to one person may be perfectly acceptable to another, this type can be used to express that an act is unacceptable in *some* code of conduct. The restriction requires that the Rule that is violated be specified. For more specifically illegal things, use 'IllegalAction', and for acts violating what the actor herself recognizes as an obligation, use 'ViolatingAnObligation'.. A politician who says 'I didn't do anything wrong' is denying an act of 'Wrongdoing'. This includes violation of moral or ethical codes - but for specifically legal transgressions, use the subtype 'IllegalAction'; for moral transgressions, use 'Sinning'. NOTE that unlike 'IllegalAction', this type is not necessarily a subtype of 'ViolatingAnObligation' because the ethical or moral codes that can make an act 'wrongdoing' are often not widely shared, and may not be considered obligatory in the community where the act is performed.. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'wrongdoing' and sense 2 of 'wrong' and sense 2 of 'misconduct', and also includes the noun sense 1 'misbehavior, in WordNet: 1. (1) error, wrongdoing - (departure from what is ethically acceptable) 2. wrongdoing, wrongful conduct, misconduct, actus reus - (activity that transgresses moral or civil law; 'he denied any wrongdoing') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PurposefulAction, :UndesirableBehavior, :UnjustThing, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :violatesRule ; owl:someValuesFrom :Rule ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wrongdoer ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ] . :WrongingSomeone :wnsense "wrong1v" ; :wordnet "wrong" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''WrongingSomeone''is a type of 'TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay'in which the manner of treatment is unfair and unjust Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'wrong' in WordNet: 1. (1) wrong - (treat unjustly; do wrong to) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :PurposefulAction, :TreatingAnAnimalInaCertainWay, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Unjust ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ] . :Wrought :isTheAttributeOfSomethingProducedBy :FormingAnArtifact ; :wnsense "molded1adj", "shaped1adj", "wrought1adj" ; :wordnet "molded", "shaped", "wrought" ; a :PastParticipleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Wrought'' is an Attribute of a something that was produced by a ''FormingAnArtifact'' Action where the forming process canges the shape of an exiting object, esecialy by bending it. 'wrought iron' To do: add: 'working' process that produces a 'wrought' object': work v. 5. (9) work, work on, process - (shape, form, or improve a material; 'work stone into tools'; 'process iron'; 'work the metal' 20. shape, form, work, mold, mould, forge - (make something, usually for a specific function; 'She molded the rice balls carefully'; 'Form cylinders from the dough'; 'shape a figure'; 'Work the metal into a sword') Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'wrought' in WordNet: 1. shaped, molded, wrought - (shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort); 'a shaped handgrip'; 'the molded steel plates'; 'the wrought silver bracelet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PastParticiple . :X-Ray :guid "bf85c802-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "X ray1n", "X-radiation1n", "X-ray1n", "roentgen ray1n" ; :wordnet "X ray", "X-radiation", "X-ray", "roentgen ray" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EnergyType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ In CYC labeled 'XRay': A specialization of #$ElectromagneticRadiation. Each instance of #$XRay is some electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength (see the predicate #$wavelength) ranging from about 1 #$Angstrom to 1x10^-3 #$Angstroms. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'X-ray' in WordNet: 1. X ray, X-ray, X-radiation, roentgen ray - (electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons strike a solid target) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectromagneticRadiationEvent, :IonizingRadiation . :XRayImage :guid "c0fd69cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "X ray2n", "X-ray photograph1n", "X-ray picture1n", "X-ray2n", "roentgenogram1n" ; :wordnet "X ray", "X-ray", "X-ray photograph", "X-ray picture", "roentgenogram" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: An image produced by an X-Ray machine. NOTE: this can be printed on paper or displayed on a computer screen or stored in an image file oon some data storage device. Those separate versions can be subtypes. In any case, this is a PhysicalObject which can have an abstract representation. Includes but is broader (not just film images) than noun sense 2 of 'X-ray' in WordNet: 2. roentgenogram, X ray, X-ray, X-ray picture, X-ray photograph - (a radiogram made by exposing photographic film to X rays; used in medical diagnosis) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanAccessibleIBO, :StillImage . :XRayPhotographicDevice :en "x-ray camera", "x-ray photographic device", "x-ray photography equipment" ; :guid "c0fd69f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of machines intended for taking still X-ray photos of something, usually a BLO. add x-ray photography, x-ray photograph, x-ray therapy NOTE: a machine eiting X-rays (as in the WN synset) may be for purpss other than photography. This representes part of the WN sense. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'X-ray machine' in WordNet: 1. (1) X-ray machine - (an apparatus that provides a source of X rays) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectricalDevice, :MedicalDevice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :X-Ray ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Xenon :guid "bd5883a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "54"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Xe1n", "xenon1n" ; :wordnet "Xe", "xenon" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of Xenon in stuffeous form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xenon' in WordNet: 1. (1) xenon, Xe, atomic number 54 - (a colorless odorless inert gaseous element occurring in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :Gas, :NonMetal . :Xenophobe :en "xenophobe" ; :enn "xenophobe" ; :guid "bf19f1f1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :HumanRoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bigot, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Xenophobia ; owl:onProperty :characteristicallyPerformsActivity ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Xenophobic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Xenophobia :wnsense "xenophobia1n" ; :wordnet "xenophobia" ; a :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xenophobia' in WordNet: 1. xenophobia - (an irrational fear of foreigners or strangers) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Phobia, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Xenophobe ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Xenophobic ; owl:onProperty :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ] . :Xenophobic :isAnAttributeValueOf :Xenophobe ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState :Xenophobia ; :wnsense "xenophobic1adj" ; :wordnet "xenophobic" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'xenophobic' in Wordnet: 1. xenophobic - (suffering from xenophobia; having abnormal fear or hatred of the strange or foreign) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Afraid . :XerographicCopier :wnsense "Xerox machine1n", "xerographic copier1n" ; :wordnet "Xerox machine", "xerographic copier" ; a :DeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''XerographicCopier'' is a ''Copier'' that produces local copies of documents (''DocumentCopy''s) by a 'xerographic' process. This includes any device taht performs that function, including 'multifunction' devices that can scan images to a computer file or transmit images to a remote 'Fax' machine, as long as the Device can produce a local copy of a document. NOTE that the term 'Xerox' was originally a trade name for the inventor of the xerographic ('writing with dry stuff') process, but has become in common usage ('generic') a term for any machine or process that performs a similar function. The characteristic feature is the use of dry powdered 'inks' that can stick to a specially designed 'drum' (cylinder) by electrostatic forces, and then be pressed and fused onto a sheet of paper to reproduce the image that had been transferred by light and electronic forces onto that drum. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xerographic copier' in WordNet: 1. Xerox, xerographic copier, Xerox machine - (a duplicator (trade mark Xerox) that copies graphic matter by the action of light on an electrically charged photoconductive insulating surface in which the latent image is developed with a resinous powder) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Copier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :IBTCopying ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction ] . :XeroxCopy :wnsense "xerox copy1n", "xerox1n" ; :wordnet "xerox", "xerox copy" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''XeroxCopy'' is a ''ImageCopy'' produced by some ''XerographicCopier''. This is usually necessarily printed on a sheet of paper, but could be on a clear plastic sheet (to be used in a 'projector') or on any other flexible sheet of material. This is not necesarily produced by a machine made by the Xerox corporation. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xerox' in WordNet: 1. xerox, xerox copy - (a copy made by a xerographic printer) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ImageCopy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :XerographicCopier ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByDeviceType ] . :Xeroxing :wnsense "photocopy1v", "run off6v", "xerox1v" ; :wordnet "photocopy", "run off", "xerox" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Xeroxing'' is an ''IBTCopying'' in which some ''Document-Physical'' is reproduced in a similar (perhaps enlarged or reduced) by a xerographic copying machine to make a similar or identical-appearing ''Document-Physical''. NOTE: 'run off' is mostly used for making multiple copies. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'xerox' in WordNet: 1. photocopy, run off, xerox - (reproduce by xerography) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :IBTCopying, :MakingaPhysicalObject, :TransferringSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Document-Physical ; owl:onProperty :hasThingCopiedOrImitated ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Document-Physical ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Copy ; owl:onProperty :produces ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :SheetOfPaper ; owl:onProperty :hasEndingPlace ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :StillImage ; owl:onProperty :hadThingTransferred ] . :Xylophage :en "xylophage" ; :enn "xylophage" ; a :ArthropodType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Xylophage'' is an ''Insect'' that feeds on ''Wood'' objects, suchas a ''Termite''. RHW 'xylophage': a wood-eating insect. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Insect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Wood ; owl:onProperty :feedsOn ] . :Xylophone :guid "bd5e8467-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "marimba1n", "xylophone1n" ; :wordnet "marimba", "xylophone" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A type of percussion instrument made of wooden bars and played with small mallets. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'xylophone' in WordNet: 1. (1) marimba, xylophone - (a percussion instrument with wooden bars tuned to produce a chromatic scale and with resonators; played with small mallets) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PercussionInstrument, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PercussionMallet ; owl:onProperty :functionsTogetherWith ] . :Y :en "y" ; :ldoce "yes" ; :wnsense "yes1n" ; :wordnet "yes" ; a :YesOrNo ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yes' in WordNet: 1. (15) yes - (an affirmative; 'I was hoping for a yes') """ . :Y-shaped :wnsense "Y-shaped1adj" ; :wordnet "Y-shaped" ; a :ShapeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Something 'L-shaped'' has a shape (looking from the side) of the letter 'Y' - though it may be three-dimensional. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Y-shaped' in Wordnet: 1. Y-shaped - (shaped in the form of the letter Y) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Angular, :ShapeAttribute . :YEARS_ a :NamespacePrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used to specify some range of years, for TimeIntervals.""" . :YEARS_1966-2011 a :TimeInterval . :YES :en "aye", "y" ; :ldoce "yes" ; :wnsense "yes1n" ; :wordnet "yes" ; a :YesOrNo ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yes' in WordNet: 1. (15) yes - (an affirmative; \"I was hoping for a yes\") """ . :Yacht :wnsense "yacht1n" ; :wordnet "yacht" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Larger than a small boat, but of most any size. Not necessarily used for racing,could be just for cruising and relaxing. The government may own some yachts, but it is uusually privately owned. If necessary, we can classify a government 'yacht' as something else (a yacht-like government ship?). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yacht' in WordNet: 1. (1) yacht, racing yacht - (an expensive vessel propelled by sail or power and used for cruising or racing) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Boat, :PrivateProperty, :Ship, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Expensive ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Yak :wnsense "Bos grunniens1n", "yak2n" ; :wordnet "Bos grunniens", "yak" ; a :AnimalType, :BiologicalSpecies, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yak' in WordNet: 2. yak, Bos grunniens - (large long-haired wild ox of Tibet often domesticated) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :WildOx . :YaluRiver :guid "bd58bb74-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "river of Korea-China border" . :YangtzeRiver :guid "bd58f9a8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment """The great river of China, one of the principal rivers of the world.""" . :YankeeStadium :en "Yankee Stadium" ; :enn "Yankee Stadium" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NewYorkCityNY_USA ; :isOwnedBy :TheNewYorkYankees ; a :BaseballField, :BaseballStadium ; rdfs:comment """This is the original YankeeStadium, which was closed in 2009. Who owns the replacement? """ . :Yanking :en "yank" ; :wnsense "jerk1v", "yank1v" ; :wordnet "jerk", "yank" ; a :ActionType, :MotionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''JerkingMotion'' caused by some agent pulling with a sudden force. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'yank' in Wordnet: 1. (5) yank, jerk - (pull, or move with a sudden movement; 'He turned the handle and jerked the door open') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JerkingMotion . :Yard-BuildingGrounds :guid "bd58ef69-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "yard" ; :wnsense "curtilage1n", "grounds2n", "yard2n" ; :wordnet "curtilage", "grounds", "yard" ; a :LocationType, :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The unpaved outdoor space around a building, owned by the owners of that building. The part of a 'lot' not occupied by the buildings in it. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yard' in WordNet: 2. (171) yard, grounds, curtilage - (the enclosed land around a house or other building; 'it was a small house with almost no yard') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ground, :GroundOrFloor, :OutdoorObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isNearTo ; owl:someValuesFrom :Building ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :RealEstate ; owl:onProperty :isaPhysicalPartOf ] . :YardLength :ldoce "yard" ; :wnsense "yard1n" ; :wordnet "yard" ; a :MeasurableQuantityType, :MeasureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """English unit of length, equal to 3 FeetLength. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yard' in WordNet: 1. (765) yard, pace - (a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LengthMeasure . :Yardstick :isUsedToMeasure :LengthMeasure ; :wnsense "yardstick2n" ; :wordnet "yardstick" ; a :MeasuringDeviceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This is for the straight and rigid rod-like yardstick. See ''TapeMeasure'' for a yard-long measuring tape. Corresponds to part of WN 'yardstick' sense 2 - for stiff (wooden or plastic) ruler-like measures with one yard marked on it (usually in inches and fractions of an inch). in WordNet: 2. yardstick, yard measure - (a ruler or tape that is three feet long) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ruler . :Yarmulke :wnsense "yarmelke1n", "yarmulka1n", "yarmulke1n" ; :wordnet "yarmelke", "yarmulka", "yarmulke" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Yarmuke'' may be worn anywhere by an ''ObservantJew'' but may also be worn by non-Jews when attending Jewish Ceremonies (e.g. weddings or funerals or Temple services). Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yarmulke' in WordNet: 1. yarmulke, yarmulka, yarmelke - (a skullcap worn by religious Jews (especially at prayer)) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Skullcap, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ObservantJew ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Yarn :guid "bd62b2f1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "yarn2n" ; :wordnet "yarn" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, :ThreadType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece of yarn, not a substance. This is a ''CordlikeObject'' rather than a ''String'' because its diamete is greater than that of a ''String''. This may or may not be precisely defined - but 'Yarn''comes in blls rather than spools, and is too thick to fit through a sewing needle. Cyc: A type of cordlike textile larger in diameter than thread. Used for knitting and weaving. Also used in ''Crocheting''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yarn' in Wordnet: 2. thread, yarn - (a fine cord of twisted fibers (of cotton or silk or wool or nylon etc.) used in sewing and weaving) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :BraidedObject, :CordlikeObject, :TextileArtifact . :Yawning :guid "bd58d0d3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "oscitance2n", "oscitancy2n", "yawn1n", "yawn1v", "yawning1n" ; :wordnet "oscitance", "oscitancy", "yawn", "yawning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: Yawning event - caused by tiredness or boredom. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'yawn' and noun sense 1 of 'yawning' in WordNet: 1. (3) yawn - (utter a yawn, as from lack of oxygen or when one is tired; 'The child yawned during the long performance') WN noun 'yawning': 1. (1) yawn, yawning, oscitance, oscitancy - (an involuntary intake of breath through a wide open mouth; usually triggered by fatigue or boredom; 'he could not suppress a yawn'; 'the yawning in the audience told him it was time to stop'; 'he apologized for his oscitancy') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :InvoluntaryBodyMovement . :Yay :en "yay" ; a :ActionType, :EmittableThingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """This ''Yay'' represents the word 'yay', emitted loudly with enthusiasm, to express ''Delight'' at some good news. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cheering, :Exclamation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Delight ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :Year :ldoce "year" ; :relatedInternalConcept :years ; :wnsense "year1n" ; :wordnet "year" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The Class of all calendar Years of twelve months from January to December. Calendars other than the world standard counting (AD/BC or CE/BCE) are not included in this type; this type can be used to specify a particular year on the universal time line, and therefore is a way to specify location in time, not time duration. A Calendar 'Year' is a specific time interval of one year, located from Jan 1 to Dec. 31 of the specified year. For special calendars, other subtypes of 'RecurringTimeInterval' would need to be created. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'year' in WordNet; WordNet conflates the time duration with the time location on the universal time line: in WordNet: 1. (832) year, twelvemonth, yr - (a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days; 'she is 4 years old'; 'in the year 1920') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DateOrTime, :RecurringTimeInterval . :Year-Old :en "year-old" ; :enadj "year-old" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Year-Old'' is n attribute that characterizes things that are one year old, i.e. were created or born one year in the past. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Year-Round :isAnAttributeValueOf :OneYear ; :pertainsTo :OneYear ; :wnsense "year-around1adj", "year-round1adj" ; :wordnet "year-around", "year-round" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'year-round' in Wordnet: 1. (1) year-round, year-around - (operating or continuing throughout the year; 'a year-round resort'; 'a year-round job') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :Year1492AD :en "1492AD" ; a :Year . :Year1869AD :hadEvent :DrivingOfTheGoldenSpike ; a :Year . :Year1969AD :en "1969AD" ; a :Year . :Year29AD a :Year . :YearLong :isAnAttributeValueOf :OneYear ; :pertainsTo :OneYear ; :wnsense "yearlong1adj" ; :wordnet "yearlong" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''YearLong'' is a QualitativeAttributeValue characterizing Events that last for at least one ''Year''. This can be an 'Academic Year'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'yearlong' in Wordnet: 1. yearlong - (lasting through a year; 'attending yearlong courses') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LastingForSomeTime . :Yearbook :wnsense "yearbook2n" ; :wordnet "yearbook" ; a :AbstractObjectType, :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Yearbook'' is a one-volume ReferenceWork published annually with information about some topic, either concerning events of one year or updated for the year of publication. The shool 'yearbook' is the subtype ''SchoolYearbook''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yearbook' in WordNet: 2. annual, yearly, yearbook - (a reference book that is published regularly once every year) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReferenceWork . :Years :en "years" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Years'' is an indefinite interval of time extending at least two years and possibly decades. This TimeInterval is referred to by the term 'years' without more specificity. This can also be referred to by the adjective 'long-run' or 'long-term'. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurableTimeInterval, :TimeInterval, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :LongTerm ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Years1939to1945 a :TimeInterval . :Years700to1200 a :TimeInterval . :Years_2003-2011 a :TimeInterval . :Yeast :wnsense "yeast2n" ; :wordnet "yeast" ; a :PlantType, :SporeFormerType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'yeast' in RHW (sense 2 is a subtype of sense 1): 1. any of various small, single-celled fungi of the phylum Ascomycota that reproduce by fission or budding, the daughter cells often remaining attached, and that are capable of fermenting carbohydrates into alcohol and carbon dioxide. 2. any of several yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces, used in brewing alcoholic beverages, as a leaven in baking breads, and in pharmacology as a source of vitamins and proteins. Cf. bottom yeast, brewer's yeast, top yeast. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yeast' in WordNet: 2. yeast - (any of various single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding or division) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fungus . :Yeast-Raised :en "raised" ; :enadj "raised" ; :isAnAttributeValueOf :Dough, :LeavenedFoodObject ; :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced :RaisingDough ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Yeast-Raised'' is a ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' applying to the substance ''Dough'' or to a ''LeavenedFoodObject'' that has been reduced in density by adding 'Leaven' and allowing the resulting fermentation to generate gas (CarbonDioxide) that permeates the dough and makes it softer and 'lighter', considered by most to be more 'palatable' for some purposes. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :YeastBudding :wnsense "bud1v" ; :wordnet "bud" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (for Yeast) of verb sense 1 of 'bud' in WordNet: 1. (2) bud - (develop buds; 'The hibiscus is budding!') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AsexualReproductionEvent, :BuddingEvent, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yeast ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :AsexualReproductionEvent ; owl:onProperty :isTheStartingPartOf ] . :YellowColor :guid "9ec0752a-74b9-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :ldoce "yellow" ; :wnsense "yellow1adj" ; :wordnet "yellow" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :YellowColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The color yellow. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'yellow' in WordNet: 1. (26) yellow, yellowish, xanthous - (of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Yellowish . :YellowColorType a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of 'YellowColorType'' is a color that has some degree of yellowish to it..""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeType . :Yellowish :guid "ccd0b86e-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; :wnsense "yellowish1n" ; :wordnet "yellowish" ; a :ColorAttributeType, :YellowColorType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The attribute of containing at least a tinge of #$YellowColor. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yellowish' in Wordnet: 1. yellow, yellowish, xanthous - (of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ColorAttribute . :YellowishGray-Color :guid "1252d6a6-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlabasterColor, :BeigeColor, :BisqueColor, :BuffColor, :PuttyColor . :YellowishWhite-Color :guid "f53e7c5a-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae" ; a :ColorAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:subClassOf :BuffColor, :CreamColor, :IvoryColor, :White . :YellowstoneRiver :flowsInto :MissouriRiver ; :guid "bd793451-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "A tributary of the Missouri River" . :Yemen :hasISO3166_Digraph "YE" ; :wnsense "Yemen1n" ; :wordnet "Yemen" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Yemen' in Wordnet: 1. Yemen, Republic of Yemen - (a republic on the southwestern shores of the Arabian Peninsula on the Indian Ocean; formed in 1990) """ . :YeniseiRiver :guid "bd58c8eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AsiaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "one of the principal rivers of the world" . :Yes :en "y" ; :ldoce "yes" ; :wnsense "yes1n" ; :wordnet "yes" ; a :YesOrNo ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yes' in WordNet: 1. (15) yes - (an affirmative; \"I was hoping for a yes\") """ . :YesNoDecision :en "yes-no decision" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''YesNoDecision'' is a ''Deciding'' that has only two outcomes, nominally 'yes' or 'no', for deciding if an Object or Action fits into one of two alteratives based on some ''SelectionCriterion'' See also 'TwoAlternativeActions'; similar. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Deciding, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasResult ; owl:someValuesFrom :YesOrNo ] . :YesOrNo a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each instance of YesOrNo is a TruthValue that represents either a 'yes' or a 'no' answer to a question. Single chars ('Y') or full words ('YES') are included as instances. Together with the question, it represents a truth value for an assertion which is the answer to the question.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :TruthValue . :Yesterday :ldoce "yesterday" ; :wnsense "yesterday1adv", "yesterday1n" ; :wordnet "yesterday" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A relative TimeInterval; the Day which is one day before 'Today'. Instances of this Type can only be created relative to a specific TimepPints as context; in that context, Tomorrow follows Today, but in any other context today's 'Tomorrow' will not necessarily follow that TimePoint's 'Today' Corresponds to noun sense 1 and adverb sense 1 of 'tomorrow' in WordNet: WN noun 'yesterday' 1. (16) yesterday - (the day immediately before today; 'it was in yesterday's newspapers') WN adverb 'yesterday' 1. (10) yesterday - (on the day preceding today; 'yesterday the weather was beautiful') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Day, :RelativeTime . :Yet :ldoce "yet" ; :wnsense "as yet1adv", "heretofore1adv", "hitherto1adv", "so far1adv", "thus far1adv", "til now1adv", "until now1adv", "up to now1adv", "yet1adv", "yet2adv" ; :wordnet "as yet", "heretofore", "hitherto", "so far", "thus far", "til now", "until now", "up to now", "yet" ; a :TimeIntervalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each 'Yet' is a RelativeTime Interval specified relative to the 'Now' that is contained or implied in an assertion. 'They have yet to hand in their homework' means that in the TimeInterval up to the present, they have not handed in their (specifically implied) homework. This differs from the subtype 'ThePast' logically in including intervals up to now that do not extend to the BeginningOfTime. But it differs mainly in usage, it is used to represent the adverb 'yet', meaning 'up to now', and is for the location of Events that have *not* happened, rather than Events that have happened. @ToDo: how to represent this distinction is not yet determined - we may need an 'EventThatDidNotHappen' type, for this to be the temporal location of such an Eent. This includes part of adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'yet' in WordNet; the distinction between the two seems primarily as linguistic usage - 'yet to VINF' seems equivalent to 'have not yet VPERF'. However, there is a distinction with phrases like 'the sun hasn't come up yet', in which the 'yet' does not extend to the BeginningOfTime, but to some other reference time. in WordNet: 1. (22) yet - (up to the present time; 'I have yet to see the results'; 'details are yet to be worked out') 2. (15) so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet, yet, til now, until now - (used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time; 'So far he hasn't called'; 'the sun isn't up yet') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTime . :Yielding :wnsense "buckle under1v", "give in2v", "knuckle under1v", "succumb1v", "yield13v" ; :wordnet "buckle under", "give in", "knuckle under", "succumb", "yield" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to verb sense 13 of 'yield' in WordNet: 13. yield, give in, succumb, knuckle under, buckle under - (consent reluctantly) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Accepting, :Action, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Reluctantly ; owl:onProperty :hasManner ] . :YinAndYang :en "yin and yang" ; a :BeliefType, :ContextType, :MentalObjectType, :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'yin and yang': (in Chinese philosophy and religion) two principles, one negative, dark, and feminine (yin), and one positive, bright, and masculine (yang), whose interaction influences the destinies of creatures and things. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ReligiousDoctrine, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :China ; owl:onProperty :hasPlaceOfOrigin ] . :YoYo :en "yoyo" ; :enn "yoyo" ; :wnsense "yo-yo1n" ; :wordnet "yo-yo" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that a ''YoYo'' is a ''Spool'' that is a short DiskShaped object; for this type of Object the circular diameter is referred to as the ''Width'' and the distance between the end faces is the ''Length''. This entry specifies the 'width' and 'length' in that sense. A ''YoYo'' is rolled up and down in one hand. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yo-yo' in WordNet: 1. yo-yo - (a toy consisting of a spool that is reeled up and down on a string by motions of the hand) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HandSizedObject, :Toy, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PieceOfString ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Spool ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DiskShaped ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:cardinality "1" ; owl:hasValue :Hand ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeSuspendedFrom ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "10"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters ] . :Yodel :wnsense "yodel1n" ; :wordnet "yodel" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Yodel'' usually does not produce recognizable words. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :VocalMusic, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yodeling ; owl:onProperty :isProducedByEventType ] . :Yodeling :wnsense "descant2v", "warble2v", "yodel1v" ; :wordnet "descant", "warble", "yodel" ; a :ActionType, :LearnedActivityType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Yodeling'' usually does not produce recognizable words. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'yodel' in WordNet: 1. yodel, warble, descant - (sing by changing register; sing by yodeling; 'The Austrians were yodeling in the mountains') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Singing-Human, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yodel ; owl:onProperty :emits ] . :Yoga :wnsense "yoga1n" ; :wordnet "yoga" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Yoga'' is a form of ''SelfImprovement'' based on a Hindu tradition. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yoga' in WordNet: 1. (1) yoga - (Hindu discipline aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility that is achieved through the three paths of actions and knowledge and devotion) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SelfImprovement, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Hinduism ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ] . :YogaExercises :wnsense "yoga2n" ; :wordnet "yoga" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''YogaExercises'' is a form of ''ProgrammedExercises'' specified by an ''ExerciseProgram'' based on the principles of ''Yoga''. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'yoga' in WordNet: 2. yoga - (a system of exercises practiced as part of the Hindu discipline to promote control of the body and mind) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :HumanActivity, :ProgrammedExercises, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yoga ; owl:onProperty :isaSubEventOf ] . :Yogurt :guid "bd58e534-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "yoghourt1n", "yoghurt1n", "yogurt1n" ; :wordnet "yoghourt", "yoghurt", "yogurt" ; a :MixtureType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Yogurt is a dairy product containing active yogurt cultures which digest the lactose and make the yogurt more easily digestible for us humans. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yogurt' in WordNet: 1. yogurt, yoghurt, yoghourt - (a custard-like food made from curdled milk) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DairyProduct, :FoodConcoction, :Mixture . :Yoke :wnsense "yoke7n" ; :wordnet "yoke" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Each ''Yoke'' is a ''StableGear'' designed to hold together ('yoke together') two ''DraftAnimal''s so they can exert force as a team. Corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'yoke' in WordNet: 7. yoke - (stable gear that joins two draft animals at the neck so they can work together as a team) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :DurableGood, :NonPoweredDevice, :WearableItem, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DraftAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isSupportedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :DraftAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy ] . :Yolk :wnsense "yolk1n" ; :wordnet "yolk" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The intact ''Yolk'' of an egg of a ''DomesticHen'', a ''PhysicalObject'' (not the substance) the way it would appear after an egg has been carefully cracked. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yolk' in Wordnet: 1. egg yolk, yolk - (the yellow spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the albumen) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ovoid, :PhysicalObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Gelatinous ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :YellowColor ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Opaque ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :HensEgg ; owl:onProperty :isanInternalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "3"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Ovoidal ; owl:onProperty :hasShape ] . :YomKippur :wnsense "Day of Atonement1n", "Yom Kippur1n" ; :wordnet "Day of Atonement", "Yom Kippur" ; a :DayType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Yom Kippur' in WordNet: 1. Yom Kippur, Day of Atonement - ((Judaism) a solemn and major fast day on the Jewish calendar; 10th of Tishri; its observance is one of the requirements of the Mosaic law) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :JewishHoliday . :Yon :wnsense "yon1adj", "yonder1adj" ; :wordnet "yon", "yonder" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: ''Yon'' is a subattribute of ''Distant'' but it does not have to be very distant,only out of reach: 'Yon Cassius has a lean and hungry look.' Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'yon' in Wordnet: 1. yonder, yon - (distant but within sight ('yon' is dialectal); 'yonder valley'; 'the hills yonder'; 'what is yon place?') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Distant, :Visible . :Yonder :en "over there", "over yonder" ; :wnsense "yon1adv", "yonder1adv" ; :wordnet "yon", "yonder" ; a :AdverbType, :LogicalFunctionType, :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'yonder' in Wordnet: 1. yonder, yon - (at or in an indicated (usually distant) place ('yon' is archaic and dialectal); 'the house yonder'; 'scattered here and yon'- Calder Willingham) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdverbialModifier . :Young :isTheOppositeOf :Old ; :ldoce "young" ; :wnsense "young1adj", "young2adj", "young4adj" ; :wordnet "young" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue attached to things (artificial or natural) that have not been in existence long enough to be considered 'middle aged' or 'old', meaning usually that they have existed less than one-third of the time that they are normally expected to last. For people, this can be as old as 35 years, but is usually applied to people of lesser age, 25 or younger. This is the most general sense of 'young', including senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'young' in Wordnet: 1. (107) young, immature - ((used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth; 'young people') 2. (1) new, young - ((of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity; 'new potatoes'; 'young corn') 4. young - (being in its early stage; 'a young industry'; 'the day is still young') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :YoungHuman :guid "c10b66cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :LifeStageType, :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in SUMO, being 'adult' starts at age 18, while in CYC being 'young' is under 35 years old. So Young and Adult are not disjoint. We leave this type as extending up to 35 years old, and make narrower distinctions with subtypes. (See 'HumanYouth') CYC: A specialization of #$HomoSapiens. Each instance of this collection is a human less than 35 years of age. This collection is disjoint with #$OldHuman - - the collection of humans more than 60 years of age. Notable specializations of #$YoungHuman include #$Child, #$HumanTeenager and #$HumanYoungAdult. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Young ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Younger :isTheComparativeOfAttribute :Young ; :isTheOppositeOf :Older ; :wnsense "younger1adj" ; :wordnet "younger" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Younger' is an AttributeValue that attributes to some object or process an Age that is lower (relative to some reference Object). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'younger' in WordNet: 1. (3) younger, jr. - (used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father; \"John Junior\"; \"John Smith, Jr.\") """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ComparativeAttributeValue, :Young . :Youth :ldoce "youth" ; :wnsense "adolescence2n", "youth3n" ; :wordnet "adolescence", "youth" ; a :LifeStageType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """'Youth' is the LifeStage that a Person is in after puberty and prior to full-grown maturity. This definition is adopted from the Random House Webster to minimize overlap with other age-based life stages: 4. the period of life from puberty to the attainment of full growth; adolescence. The phrase 'in my youth' may extend to younger or older ages than this range: this type is available if the age range is known to be restricted to this range, otherwise use 'Childhood'. 'Youth is wasted on the young' Includes noun sense 2 of 'adolescence' and 3 of 'youth' in WordNet, but may not be exactly the same as WN 'youth' : in WordNet: 3. (5) youth - (the time of life between childhood and maturity) WN 'adolescence': 2. adolescence - (in the state that someone is in between puberty and adulthood) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LifeStage, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :YoungHuman ; owl:onProperty :hadMainParticipant ] . :Youthful :wnsense "vernal1adj", "young3adj", "youthful1adj" ; :wordnet "vernal", "young", "youthful" ; a :QualitativeAttributeType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The AttributeValue attached to things that may or may not be ''Young'', but have characteristics suggesting the qualities of ''Youth'' - especially lively and active. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'youthful' in Wordnet: 1. (10) youthful, vernal, young - (suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh; 'he is young for his age') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :QualitativeAttributeValue . :Ytterbium :guid "c0c863ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "70"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Yb1n", "ytterbium1n" ; :wordnet "Yb", "ytterbium" ; a :ElementType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all pieces (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of ytterbium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ytterbium' in WordNet: 1. ytterbium, Yb, atomic number 70 - (a soft silvery metallic element; a rare earth of the lanthanide series; it occurs in gadolinite and monazite and xenotime) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :RareEarthElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :Yttrium :guid "bd59092b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "39"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Y1n", "yttrium1n" ; :wordnet "Y", "yttrium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of yttrium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. This unit could probably just as well be called Yttrium or YttriumStuff. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yttrium' in WordNet: 1. yttrium, Y, atomic number 39 - (a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :SolidSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Yucca :guid "bd58b7b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "yucca1n" ; :wordnet "yucca" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A plant that is a member of the lily family found in desert regions of the southwest #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica and #$Mexico. It depends on the yucca moth for pollination. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yucca' in WordNet: 1. (1) yucca - (any of several evergreen plants of the genus Yucca having usually tall stout stems and a terminal cluster of white flowers; warmer regions of North America) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Bush, :LilyOrder, :SucculentPlant . :Yugoslav :pertainsTo :YugoslavPerson, :Yugoslavia ; :wnsense "Yugoslav1adj", "Yugoslavian1adj" ; :wordnet "Yugoslav", "Yugoslavian" ; a :AttributeValueType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Yugoslav'' is a PertainingAttributeValue that pertains to ''Yugoslavia'' or a ''YugoslavPerson''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'Yugoslav' in Wordnet: 1. Yugoslavian, Yugoslav - (of or relating to or characteristic of the former country of Yugoslavia or its people or languages; 'Yugoslavian wine') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PertainingAttributeValue . :YugoslavPerson :wnsense "Jugoslav1n", "Jugoslavian1n", "Yugoslav1n", "Yugoslavian1n" ; :wordnet "Jugoslav", "Jugoslavian", "Yugoslav", "Yugoslavian" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Yugoslav' in WordNet: 1. Yugoslav, Jugoslav, Yugoslavian, Jugoslavian - (a native or inhabitant of Yugoslavia) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, :PersonByNationality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Yugoslavia ; owl:onProperty :isaCitizenOf ] . :Yugoslavia :hasISO3166_Digraph "YU" ; :wnsense "Yugoslavia1n" ; :wordnet "Yugoslavia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Yugoslavia' in Wordnet: 2. Yugoslavia - (a former country of southeastern Europe bordering the Adriatic Sea; formed in 1918 and named Yugoslavia in 1929; controlled by Marshal Tito as a communist state until his death in 1980; 'Tito's Yugoslavia included Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro') """ . :YukonRiver :guid "bd58cd81-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :NorthAmericaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "major river of NW N America" . :YumYum :en "yum", "yum-yum" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''YumYum'' is an 'interjection'. that expresses enjoyment, especially of food, or anticipated enjoyment at food presented for consumption Not in WN. RHW interj. 'yum-yum': (used to express enjoyment or satisfaction, esp. in the taste of food.) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Interjection, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enjoyment ; owl:onProperty :expressesMentalState ] . :ZIP :en "ZIP", "ZIP code" ; a :CodeListPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix used in the terms that label a US postal ZIP code, which will be five or nine digits, optionally separated by a hyphen delimiter for readability.""" . :ZaZen :en "za-zen", "zazen" ; :enn "za-zen", "zazen" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ RHW 'za-zen': meditation in a prescribed, cross-legged posture """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meditating, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Buddhists ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Zen ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOf ] . :Zaire :hasISO3166_Digraph "ZR" ; :wnsense "Zaire1n" ; :wordnet "Zaire" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Zaire' in Wordnet: 2. Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zaire, Belgian Congo - (a republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in 1960) """ . :ZambeziRiver :guid "bd58d28b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasMassInGrams "-1"^^xsd:float ; :isLocatedAt :AfricaRegion ; a :River ; rdfs:comment "a Central African River" . :Zambia :hasISO3166_Digraph "ZM" ; :wnsense "Zambia1n" ; :wordnet "Zambia" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Zambia' in Wordnet: 1. Zambia, Republic of Zambia, Northern Rhodesia - (a republic in central Africa; formerly controlled by Great Britain and called Northern Rhodesia until it gained independence within the commonwealth in 1964) """ . :ZappingAnAdversary :wnsense "vaporize1v", "zap2v" ; :wordnet "vaporize", "zap" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ZappingAnAdversary'' is an act of ''KillingaPerson'' using a high-powered Device that can destroy a Person completely or almost completely. This is usually used forthe effect of fictional devices, but a high-powered laser or maser might be developed that can perform some similar effect in the RealWorld. However, even if possible,such a device is unlikely to be easily manipulated in one hand. The sci-fi ter has been adopted for morerealistic ways of killingas with high-powered rifles or electric pulses. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'zap' in WordNet: 2. zap, vaporize - (kill with or as if with a burst of gunfire or electric current or as if by shooting; 'in this computer game, space travellers are vaporized by aliens') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CauseOfDeath, :KillingaPerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :IntelligentAgent ] . :Zeal :wnsense "ardor1n", "ardour1n", "elan1n", "zeal1n" ; :wordnet "ardor", "ardour", "elan", "zeal" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zeal' in WordNet: 1. (2) ardor, ardour, elan, zeal - (a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause); 'they were imbued with a revolutionary ardor'; 'he felt a kind of religious zeal') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Eagerness . :Zebra :guid "bd589c55-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "zebra1n" ; :wordnet "zebra" ; a :BeastType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """CYC: The collection of all zebras; a subset of #$EquineAnimal. These black-and-white striped relatives of horses are native to the #$ContinentOfAfrica. Zebras are almost impossible to tame, therefore by default they are elements of #$WildAnimal, although a few have been successfully domesticated and harnessed. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zebra' in WordNet: 1. zebra - (any of several fleet black-and-white striped African equines) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :EquineAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :BlackAndWhite ; owl:onProperty :hasColor ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Striped ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :Zen :wnsense "Zen Buddhism1n", "Zen1n" ; :wordnet "Zen", "Zen Buddhism" ; a :BeliefType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Zen' in WordNet: 1. Zen, Zen Buddhism - (school of Mahayana Buddhism asserting that enlightenment can come through meditation and intuition rather than faith; China and Japan) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Buddhism . :ZeroDimensionalThing :guid "bf6f1bc5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A #$SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality and specialization of #$SpatialThing. Each instance of #$ZeroDimensionalThing is either a point-like object or an arrangement of disconnected points in space. Zero-dimensional objects have no length or breadth or height, nor do they have parts. Specializations of this collection include #$GeometricalPoint.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :GeometricallyDescribableThing, :SpatialThing . :ZeroScore :hasIntegerValue "0"^^xsd:int ; a :LosingScore . :Zest :wnsense "gusto1n", "relish1n", "zest1n", "zestfulness1n" ; :wordnet "gusto", "relish", "zest", "zestfulness" ; a :FeelingType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Zest'' is an enhanced level of enjoyment that conduces to enthusiastically perform and continue some Activity. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zest' in WordNet: 1. (1) gusto, relish, zest, zestfulness - (vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Enjoyment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Enthusiastic ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ZigZagging :wnsense "crank1v", "zigzag1v" ; :wordnet "crank", "zigzag" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Moving on a surface while changing direction a number of times. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'zigzag' in WordNet: 1. (2) zigzag, crank - (travel along a zigzag path; 'The river zigzags through the countryside') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocomotionProcess, :TranslationAlongASurface, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ChangingDirectionOfMotion ; owl:minCardinality "2" ; owl:onProperty :hasSubEvent ] . :Zimbabwe :hasISO3166_Digraph "ZW" ; :wnsense "Zimbabwe1n" ; :wordnet "Zimbabwe" ; a :Country ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Zimbabwe' in Wordnet: 1. Zimbabwe, Republic of Zimbabwe, Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia - (a landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1980) """ . :Zinc :hasProtonCount "30"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :ldoce "zinc" ; :wnsense "zinc1n" ; :wordnet "zinc" ; a :ElementType, :MalleableThingType, :MetalType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The metallic element. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zinc' in WordNet: 1. (6) zinc, Zn, atomic number 30 - (a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs as zinc sulphide in zinc blende) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :UnalloyedMetal . :ZincOxide :hasChemicalFormula :CHEM_ZnO ; :hasComponentSubstance :Oxygen, :Zinc ; :wnsense "flowers of zinc1n", "philosopher's wool1n", "philosophers' wool1n", "zinc oxide1n" ; :wordnet "flowers of zinc", "philosopher's wool", "philosophers' wool", "zinc oxide" ; a :ChemicalCompoundByChemicalSpeciesType, :OxideType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """The compound with one ''Zinc'' and one ''Oxygen'' in each molecule - ZnO. RHW: a white or yellowish-white, amorphous, odorless, water-insoluble powder, ZnO, used chiefly as a paint pigment, in cosmetics, dental cements, matches, white printing inks, and opaque glass, and in medicine in the treatment of skin conditions. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zinc oxide' in WordNet: 1. zinc oxide, flowers of zinc, philosopher's wool, philosophers' wool - (oxide of zinc; a white powder used as a pigment or in cosmetics or glass or inks and in zinc ointment) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oxide . :Zinger :wnsense "zinger1n" ; :wordnet "zinger" ; a :AbstractObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zinger' in WordNet: 1. zinger - (a striking or amusing or caustic remark; 'he always greeted me with a new zinger'; 'she tried to think of some killer of an argument, a real zinger that would disarm all opposition') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comment, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Amusing ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :ZipCode :en "zipcode" ; :wnsense "ZIP code1n", "ZIP2n" ; :wordnet "ZIP", "ZIP code" ; a :ObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Any of the PostalCodes issued by the US Post Office; See ''hasPostalCode'' for inverse index. it may be 5 digits or 9 digits (zip+4) in 2009. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'ZIP code' in Wordnet: 1. ZIP code, ZIP, postcode, postal code - (a code of letters and digits added to a postal address to aid in the sorting of mail) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PostalCode, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :PostalService ; owl:onProperty :isCreatedByAgentType ] . :Zipper :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf :Garment ; :wnsense "slide fastener1n", "zip fastener1n", "zip4n", "zipper1n" ; :wordnet "slide fastener", "zip", "zip fastener", "zipper" ; a :ArtifactObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''Zipper'' is usually found on a Garment,but are also used in carrying cases and other things that can be opened and closed. A ''ZipperTab'' could help to detail the meaning. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zipper' in WordNet: 1. slide fastener, zip, zipper, zip fastener - (a fastener for locking together two toothed edges by means of a sliding tab) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastener, :LongAndThinObject, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Garment ; owl:onProperty :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue "5"^^xsd:float ; owl:onProperty :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Zippering ; owl:onProperty :isUsedInAction ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Tab ; owl:onProperty :hasComponentPart ] . :Zippering :ldoce "connect" ; :wnsense "zip up1v", "zip1v", "zipper1v" ; :wordnet "zip", "zip up", "zipper" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Zippering''is a 'Fastening' Action in which some Agent uses a ''Zipper'', to fasten two parts of some ArtifactObject most often a Garment) that opens and closes, completely or partly. This is for fastening; unfastening would be to 'unzip' - not yet represented. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'zip up' in WordNet: 1. zip up, zipper, zip - (close with a zipper; 'Zip up your jacket-it's cold') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Fastening, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Zipper ; owl:onProperty :requiredInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadThingAffected ; owl:someValuesFrom :Garment ] . :Zircon :guid "bd93d43e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasComponentSubstance :Oxygen, :Silicon, :Zirconium ; :wnsense "zircon1n", "zirconium silicate1n" ; :wordnet "zircon", "zirconium silicate" ; a :SolidSubstanceType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zircon' in WordNet: 1. zircon, zirconium silicate - (a common mineral occurring in small crystals; chief source of zirconium; used as a refractory when opaque and as a gem when transparent) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mineral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Zirconium ; owl:onProperty :canBeProcessedToProduce ] . :Zirconium :guid "bd58b878-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :hasProtonCount "40"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :wnsense "Zr1n", "zirconium1n" ; :wordnet "Zr", "zirconium" ; a :ElementType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A piece (i.e., specific collection of nearby molecules) of Zirconium. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zirconium' in WordNet: 1. zirconium, Zr, atomic number 40 - (a lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChemicalElement, :SolidSubstance, :UnalloyedMetal . :Zoning :wnsense "district1v", "zone1v", "zoning1n" ; :wordnet "district", "zone", "zoning" ; a :ActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Zoning'' is not just for regulating housing; it is also for regulating any kind of usage of land within the range of authority of a governmental legislative body or agency. This produces 'zones' but that specific sense of 'zone' is not explicit in Wordnet. THe closest is 'zone' sense 1, but that seems to be more for natural zones with certain characteristics. WN 'zone' 1. 1. (1) zone - (a circumscribed geographical region characterized by some distinctive features) Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'zone' in WordNet: 1. zone, district - (regulate housing in; of certain areas of towns) WN noun 'zoning': 1. (1) zoning - (dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing etc) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :PartitioningSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hadObjectModified ; owl:someValuesFrom :LandArea ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isPerformedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom :GovernmentalAuthority ] . :Zoo :wnsense "menagerie2n", "zoo1n", "zoological garden1n" ; :wordnet "menagerie", "zoo", "zoological garden" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zoo' in WordNet: 1. (2) menagerie, zoo, zoological garden - (the facility where wild animals are housed for exhibition) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Facility-Generic, :Park, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ZooAnimal ; owl:onProperty :isaHabitatOf ] . :ZooAnimal :en "zoo animal" ; :enn "zoo animal" ; a :AnimalType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A ''ZooAnimal'' is a ''CaptiveAnimal'' that is living in a ''Zoo''. There are many types of Animals in a ''Zoo'', so this will not be restricted. But should exclude aquatic animal, as in an Aquarium. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CaptiveAnimal, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Zoo ; owl:onProperty :inhabits ] . :Zoologist :guid "bd590111-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "animal scientist1n", "zoologist1n" ; :wordnet "animal scientist", "zoologist" ; a :PersonType, :RoleType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zoologist' in WordNet: 1. zoologist, animal scientist - (a specialist in the branch of biology dealing with animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biologist, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Zoology ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout ] . :Zoology :wnsense "zoological science1n", "zoology1n" ; :wordnet "zoological science", "zoology" ; a :TopicType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'zoology' in WordNet: 2. zoology, zoological science - (the branch of biology that studies animals) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Biology, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Animal ; owl:onProperty :hasSubjectOfStudy ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Zoologist ; owl:onProperty :isaTopicOfExpert ] . :Zoonosis :wnsense "zoonosis1n", "zoonotic disease1n" ; :wordnet "zoonosis", "zoonotic disease" ; a :AilmentType, :PhysiologicalConditionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'zoonosis' in WordNet: 1. zoonosis, zoonotic disease - (an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonHumanAnimalDisease . :Zucchini-Foodstuff :en "zucchini" ; :guid "c0fe085d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a :FoodType, :Paste, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """No sense in WordNet for the food - see the plant. This is for the mashed paste typically served as a vegetable with other foods. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :CommodityProduct, :Vegetable-Food, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :ZucchiniPlant ; owl:onProperty :isDerivedFrom ] . :ZucchiniPlant :guid "c0fde155-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "zucchini1n", "zucchini2n" ; :wordnet "zucchini" ; a :PlantType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An individual Zucchini Plant. RHW: a variety of summer squash that is shaped like a cucumber and that has a smooth, dark-green skin. Includes both senses of 'zucchini in WordNet: 1. zucchini, courgette - (marrow squash plant whose fruit are eaten when small) 2. zucchini, courgette - (small cucumber-shaped vegetable marrow; typically dark green) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :GourdPlant . :a :ldoce "a" ; a :Determiner, :GrammaticArticle, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier . :aNumberOf :ldoce "some" ; :wnsense "some2adj" ; :wordnet "some" ; a :FunctionalAttributeValue, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'aNumberOf' is a Quantifier whose actual value must be determined by context. Its general meaning is 'more than a few and less than many'. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'some' in WordNet: 2. (7) some - - (relatively many but unspecified in number; 'they were here for some weeks'; 'we did not meet again for some years') """ . :aWhileLonger :en "a bit longer", "a while longer" ; :wnsense "longer1adv" ; :wordnet "longer" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """''a while longer'' is an adverb specifying that the action described continued for a longer time than ''for a while''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'longer' in WordNet: 1. (17) longer - (for more time; 'can I stay bit longer?') """ . :ableToAffect :en "acts on", "affects", "impacts", "influences" ; :guid "c038990d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "affect", "influence" ; :wnsense "affect1v", "affect2v", "impact2v", "influence1n", "influence1v" ; :wordnet "affect", "impact", "influence" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This is expanded in domain and range from the CYC usage. In CYC this is mostly for the abilities of 'agents', but an 'Agent' is interpreted broadly in COSMO, so the domain includes ''PhysicalObject''s and their types. This also includes situations (such as contexts or environment or ''DeviceMode''s that can affect the potential for Events or Actions to occur or affect how they proceed (in general all 'situations' affect what can be done in that situation, and saying this explcitly is not useful. But some situations **are controllable** by people and the things that change when the controllable situations are changed - such as a ''DeviceMode'' - can be useful to describe explicitly. The inverse of this ''mayBeAffectedBy'' is used at ''DeviceMode''. NOTE: in CYC there is a subproprrty 'ableToControl' that might be useful for describing the relationship between a owner and the things s/he owns. CYC: '(#$ableToAffect AGENT THING)'; means that AGENT is capable of causing some change in THING. This does not imply that AGENT ever actually does cause any change in THING, but that THING is within AGENT's 'zone of influence'. For instance, I am able to affect the ceiling panel above my head, even though I've never done anything to it. In contrast, I cannot affect the moon. This is an inherently vague notion, since one's ability to influence objects tends to diminish as they grow larger - or smaller - and farther away. However, it's an important common sense concept, since we must learn what we can and cannot affect in order to understand our capabilities and limitations and plan actions accordingly. To influence people by persuasion is to be 'Influential'. or to have 'Influence' No exact match in WordNet - related concepts are 'influence' and 'affect'. To be ableToAffect (something) is to be able to perform 'AffectingSomething' or to have 'Influence' - WN 'noun 'influence': in WordNet: 1. (27) influence - (a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc; 'used her parents' influence to get the job') WN verb 'influence': 1. (20) influence, act upon, work - (have and exert influence or effect; 'The artist's work influenced the young painter'; 'She worked on her friends to support the political candidate') WN verb 'affect': 1. (51) affect, impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch - (have an effect upon; 'Will the new rules affect me?') 2. (11) affect - (act physically on; have an effect upon) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :IntentionalAgent :IntelligentAgent :LegalAgent :Object :ObjectType :FictionalCharacter :Event :EventType :ProcessType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeAffectedBy . :above-Indirectly :guid "bd58ab26-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "above" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: subject is not directly above object, but close to it, not just at a higher altitude. (#$above-Indirectly UPPER LOWER) means that upper is generally above [#$isAbove] LOWER, but not directly above [#$isDirectlyAbove] it.""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isAbove . :absolutely :wnsense "absolutely1adv", "dead2adv", "perfectly1adv", "utterly1adv" ; :wordnet "absolutely", "dead", "perfectly", "utterly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose literal sense is 'without qualification', 'completely', 'without exception'. An intensive form of 'very' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'absolutely' in WordNet: 1. (13) absolutely, perfectly, utterly, dead - (completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers; 'an absolutely magnificent painting'; 'a perfectly idiotic idea'; 'you're perfectly right'; 'utterly miserable'; 'you can be dead sure of my innocence'; 'was dead tired'; 'dead right') """ . :acceleratesOrShortens :en "accelerates", "shortens" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''acceleratesOrShortens'' relates an Object, Substance,or resource to some Event whose rate is accelerated, or (equivalently) whose total time to completion is reduced. A simple example is that stirring a mixture accelerates mixing of the materials in the mixture. This can be used to describe the effect of a catalyst or of any other entity that helps speed up an event. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :Event :EventType :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :allowsOrAssists ; owl:inverseOf :isAcceleratedBy . :actively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Active ; :wnsense "actively1adv" ; :wordnet "actively" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''actively'' is an adverb used in various senses , describing actions that are performed vigorously with a higher speed or without significant pause. This is also used when a Person performs actions at a normal rate, but in a circumstance when that person might be passive or retired, or merely a bystander: 'to actively participate' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'actively' in WordNet: 1. (3) actively - (in an active manner; 'he participated actively in the war') """ . :additional :ldoce "further" ; :wnsense "additional1adj", "extra3adj" ; :wordnet "additional", "extra" ; a :Adjective, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'additional' is an Adjective that implies that the thing specified is other than the reference thing (i.e. it is 'another'), and is to be used in addition to the original reference thing. In this adjective sense it is synonymous with 'further' Essentially identical to the AttributeValue ''Added''. This corresponds approximately to RHW sense 1 of 'other': 1. additional or further: he and one other person. It differs from 'another' in that 'another' implies only one other thing. This can be used for Events as well as objects 'additional lecturing will not help'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'additional' and sense 3 of 'extra' in WordNet: 1. extra, additional - (further or added; 'called for additional troops'; 'need extra help'; 'an extra pair of shoes') """ . :after a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :afterTheScheduledTime :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Tardy ; :ldoce "late" ; :wnsense "late1adv" ; :wordnet "late" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is that an Event occurred later than required, or after another Event was scheduled to begin. For the sense of 'late in the evening' use 'lateInTheEvening'; for 'during the last temporal part of an Event' use 'late' This sense corresponds to WordNet sense 1 and RHW sense 10 of 'late'. RHW 'late' sense 10: 10. after the usual or proper time, or after delay: to arrive late. [early 3] in WordNet: WN 'late': 1. (16) late, belatedly, tardily - (later than usual or than expected; 'the train arrived late'; 'we awoke late'; 'the children came late to school'; 'notice came so tardily that we almost missed the deadline'; 'I belatedly wished her a happy birthday') """ . :afterwards :wnsense "after1adv", "afterward1adv", "afterwards1adv", "later on1adv", "later1adv", "subsequently1adv" ; :wordnet "after", "afterward", "afterwards", "later", "later on", "subsequently" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """A time that occurred after some reference event (past or future), usually not long after the time of reference. For more indefinite future time use ''later''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'afterwards' in WordNet: 1. (5) subsequently, later, afterwards, afterward, after, later on - (happening at a time subsequent to a reference time; 'he apologized subsequently'; 'he's going to the store but he'll be back here later'; 'it didn't happen until afterward'; 'two hours after that') """ . :against :en "against" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'against' is a preposition with a number of senses; all are included here as a place holder, but the meanings will rely on FOL assertions and functions. RHW: 1. in opposition to; contrary to; adverse or hostile to: twenty votes against ten; against reason. 2. in resistance to or defense from: protection against burglars. 3. in an opposite direction to: to ride against the wind. 4. into contact or collision with; toward; upon: The rain beat against the window. 5. in contact with: to lean against the wall. 6. in preparation for; in provision for: money saved against a rainy day. 7. having as background: a design of flowers against a dark wall. 8. in exchange for; as a balance to or debit or charge on: He asked for an advance against his salary. 9. in competition with: a racehorse running against his own record time. 10. in comparison or contrast with: a matter of reason as against emotion. 11. beside; near; before: The car is against the building. """ . :agentHasAttribute :en "the agent of this action is" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This relation can often be expressed simply as 'the agent of this Action is'; if a 'agentHasAttribute' 'Bald' then 'the agent of this Action is bald'. And so on for other attributes. *This has a more specific subProperty 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState' to point unambiguously to states that are subtypes of ''HavingAnAttribute'' ??relation to 'impliesAgentAttribute''? When the EventType that is subject of this (inverse) relation is a ''BehavioralDisposition'' the object of this relation can be a subtype of ''PersonalityTrait''. Whereas a disposition can be an internal complex of Feelings, the Trait expresses a tendency that is observable in *behavior*. """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :agentLacks a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''agentLacks'' is used to relate Events or States that entail the lack of something to the thing lacked. The lacked thing can be of any type. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :LackingSomething ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; owl:inverseOf :isLackedByAgentOfEvent . :agentMayCauseState :en "cause to be", "caused", "causes" ; :ldoce "cause", "make" ; :wnsense "cause2v", "make2v", "make4v" ; :wordnet "cause", "make" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: this relation is unused as of rev1577. It can be replaced by the simple 'caused' or various other relations such as 'inducedAgentToAction' Review and delete if no difference is found. The relation 'MayCause' specifies that some Agent or AgentType performed or performs or often performs some Action that resulted in a change in something; the object of the relation is the final state, or a Difference: the thing changed can be of any type (object, process, procedure, document, attribute), and that thing must be included in the final State as the . This is very broad, and represents the concept that is represented in some uses of the verb 'make': 'made it better'; 'made her happy'; 'made the room ready for a meeting'. This differs from most uses of the term 'cause' in relations in COSMO in that the subject of the relation is not an *Event* that results in something happening, but the subject is an *agent* whose action results in something happening. The object is also different from most 'cause' relations, in that it is not necessarily another Event, but can be an attribute ('made it shorter by cutting off a part'). @ToDo: the relation between an agent whose action causes some change, and the Action that causes the change, and this relation that in effect conflates those two relations, must be represented by rules in the FOL version. A full table of 'cause' relations is needed to make their relations clear. @ToDo NOTE: to 'prepare' something is to cause that something to be Ready. this relation may need FOL rules. If P 'prepare' O, then P NOTE: usage of 'make' in this sense is inherently ternary (A caused O to be P), and is represented in this binary relation by including the object changed *and* its final state in a PersistentState, or Difference. Includes verb sense 2 and part of sense 4 of 'make' and part of sense 2 of 'cause' in WordNet; the part of sense 4 of 'make' that represents change due to an Event rather than an Object is represented by other 'cause' relations, such as 'caused', 'causesMentalEventType', 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation', 'improves': NOTE the sense of 'make' in the WordNet example 'This invention will make you a millionaire' (similar to 'will make you rich') is best represented by specifing both the act of invention and the state of being owner of the invention (i.e. the patent), both of which are represented by 'caused', in this manner (the specific act and state are not in COSMO): {TheInventionAct caused TheStateOfBeingaMillionaire} WN verb 'make' in WordNet: 2. (459) make, get - (give certain properties to something; 'get someone mad'; 'She made us look silly'; 'He made a fool of himself at the meeting'; 'Don't make this into a big deal'; 'This invention will make you a millionaire'; 'Make yourself clear') 4. (85) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :FunctionalProcess :Difference :EventType ) ] . :agentive-social-object a :AgentType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this DOLCE type appears to be intended to represent humans and human groups, so it is placed as a subtype of 'IntelligentAgent'. DOLCE only: 'agentive-social-object' A social object that is assumed to internally represent a plan. Since social objects are dependent on physical ones, it is not trivial to interpret the local sense in which a social object 'internally represents' a plan. For example, an institution can have the plan to promote or regulate some activities, but this is possible by means of the powers conferred to it by some legal system, through its representatives, and that plan has to be executed by means of the physical agents that 'act for' the institution.""" ; rdfs:subClassOf :IntelligentAgent . :aheadOfTheScheduledTime :ldoce "early" ; :wnsense "early2adv" ; :wordnet "early" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is that an Event occurred before required, or before another Event was scheduled to begin. For the sense of 'early in the morning' use 'EarlyInTheMorning'; for 'during the first temporal part of an Event' use 'early' This sense corresponds to WordNet sense 2 and RHW sense 3 of 'early'. RHW 'early': 3. before the usual or appointed time; ahead of time: They came early and found their hosts still dressing. WN 'early': in WordNet: 2. (6) early, ahead of time, too soon - (before the usual time or the time expected; 'she graduated early'; 'the house was completed ahead of time') """ . :allowsOrAssists :en "allows" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'allowsOrAssists' is a broad relation relating an Event (including static situations) or Resource (something useful) to the Events or Actions action(s) that are allowed to happen or assisted in happening because of the occurrence of the Event or the availability of the Resource. This relation answers the questions (in the case of Events) 'how was that able to happen' (and in the case of Resources) 'what is it good for?'. This relation includes both instrumentality and enabling factors. The enabling factors are more specifically represented by the subrelation 'allowed' for enabling conditions and instrumentality by subrelations 'enablesOrAssists' and ''isUsedAsInstrumentInAction''. these last two relations can be used to point from a type of tool or instrument to the actions that the instrument is designed to be used in. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :Resource :ResourceType :Right :RightType :Feature :DeviceType :PhysicalObjectType :Object :ObjectType :Device :UsefulThing :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Action :ActionType :Group :Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Goal :GoalSituation :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :wasAssistedBy . :almost :ldoce "almost", "nearly" ; :wnsense "all but1adv", "almost1adv", "just about1adv", "nearly1adv", "practically1adv", "virtually1adv", "virtually2adv", "well-nigh1adv" ; :wordnet "all but", "almost", "just about", "nearly", "practically", "virtually", "well-nigh" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'almost' can modify quantitative measures such as 'All' or 'OneHundred' or can modify Events, creating Events that are of a different type: 'He was almost killed' - meaning that he was *not* killed. Implementing this function may require procedural code. See also 'hardly' - meaning 'almost not'. Whereas 'almost X' means X did *not* occur, 'hardly X' means that X *did* occur. These words express 'near miss' and 'near hit', on two sides of the borderline of an Event happening or not happening. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'almost' and sense 1 of 'nearly' in WordNet: 1. (54) about, just about, almost, most, all but, nearly, near, nigh, virtually, well-nigh - ((of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; 'the job is (just) about done'; 'the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded'; 'we're almost finished'; 'the car all but ran her down'; 'he nearly fainted'; 'talked for nigh onto 2 hours'; 'the recording is well-nigh perfect'; 'virtually all the parties signed the contract'; 'I was near exhausted by the run'; 'most everyone agrees') WN adv 'virtually': 1. (4) virtually - (in essence or effect but not in fact; 'the strike virtually paralyzed the city'; 'I'm virtually broke') WN adv 'practically': 1. (27) practically - (almost; nearly; 'practically the first thing I saw when I got off the train'; 'he was practically the only guest at the party'; 'there was practically no garden at all') """ . :almost_all a :Determiner, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier ; rdfs:comment """'almost all' has a different meaning from 'almost' by itself.""" . :alongside :en "side by side", "side by side with" ; :wnsense "alongside1adv" ; :wordnet "alongside" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'alongside' in Wordnet: 1. aboard, alongside - (side by side; 'anchored close aboard another ship') """ . :alpha a :GreekCharacter ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'alpha' in WordNet: 1. (1) alpha - (the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet) """ . :although :en "albeit" ; :ldoce "although", "though" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'although' that means 'even though'. 'even if' prefixing one sentence that combines with another sentence that describes a situation that violates expectations generated by the situation described in the first sentence. Corresponds to the only sense of 'although; in RHW: in spite of the fact that; even though; though. 'although' does not appear in WordNet; one sense of 'though' corresponds to this sense. """ . :altogether :wnsense "all told1adv", "altogether1adv", "in all1adv" ; :wordnet "all told", "altogether", "in all" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'altogether' in Wordnet: 2. (1) altogether, all told, in all - (with everything included or counted; ' \"altogether he earns close to a million dollars') """ . :always :en "infallibly" ; :enadv "infallibly" ; :ldoce "always", "ever" ; :wnsense "always1adv", "ever2adv" ; :wordnet "always", "ever" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'every time' or 'at all times'. In the latter case it often has to be interpreted in some context, such as meaning 'at all times within the lifetime of the object mentioned' - not literally at all times. In assertions like 'John always exercises in the morning.' it means that **when John exercises**, he does it in the morning. It is usually used to modify an assertion in the present tense. For a TimeInterval having similar meaning, see 'AtAllTimes'. In the Random House Webster it has 4 distinguished senses: 1. every time; on every occasion; without exception: He always works on Saturday. 2. all the time; continuously; uninterruptedly: There is always some pollution in the air. 3. forever: Will you always love me? 4. in any event; at any time; if necessary: She can always move back with her parents. NOTE that this function needs to do some processing to recognize the intended sense. In a phrase such as 'Tom always sits in the front of the theater' it is necessary to recognize that the 'always' only applies to those events in which Tom goes to a theater - it does not mean that Tom never leaves the theater. Likewise, 'Tom always has toast for breakfast' means that when Tom eats breakfast, he eats toast - but may eat other things as well. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'always' and sense 2 of adverb 'ever' in WordNet: WN 'ever' 2. (15) always, ever, e'er - (at all times; all the time and on every occasion; 'I will always be there to help you'; 'always arrives on time'; 'there is always some pollution in the air'; 'ever hoping to strike it rich'; 'ever busy') WN 'always': 1. (197) always, ever, e'er - (at all times; all the time and on every occasion; \"I will always be there to help you'; 'always arrives on time'; 'there is always some pollution in the air'; 'ever hoping to strike it rich'; 'ever busy') """ . :alwaysCauses :ldoce "because" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """alwaysCauses specifies that one EventType inevitably has as a result some other EventType. This is primarily used for conceptual relations, like 'killing causes death'. In the physical world, there are many event types that usually result in some other EventType, but not always - for that relation use 'causes'. To specify that an instance of an Event was caused by another instance of an Event, use 'hadEffect'. The domain of this relation includes instances of 'Event' to allow inheritance of the relation in the OWL format. NOTE that some Event that always causes another is not necessarily itself always the cause of that second Event - something else may also cause the second Event. To express the inverse, use 'isCausedBy'""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event :WaveType :Wave :ProcessType :PhysicalProcess :AttributeValueChange :Difference :DifferenceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :causes . :alwaysFollows a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ 'typicallyFollows' can be used to specify default Event (or type) that usually precede the subject Event. See also 'occurredEarlierThan'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :typicallyFollows ; owl:inverseOf :isAlwaysFollowedBy . :am :en "am" ; :hasInfinitiveForm :be ; :ldoce "be" ; :wnsense "be4v" ; :wordnet "be" ; a :AuxVerb, :Verb1s ; rdfs:comment """The first person present singular of 'be'. Corresponds to fpps of the verb sense 1 of 'be' in WordNet: 4. (698) exist, be - (have an existence, be extant; 'Is there a God?') """ . :amid :en "amid", "amidst" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'' is a preposition that means 'in the middle of', ponting to some Objects or series of Events. RHW: 1. in the middle of; surrounded by; among: to stand weeping amid the ruins. 2. during; in or throughout the course of. """ . :an :ldoce "an" ; a :Determiner, :GrammaticArticle, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier . :and :ldoce "and" ; a :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'and' in the sense of a conjunction, joining noun phrases or verb phrases or sentences.""" . :angrily :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Angry ; :wnsense "angrily1adv" ; :wordnet "angrily" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''angrily'' is an adverb specifying that the Action modified was performed while the Agent of the action was visibly ''Angry''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'angrily' in Wordnet: 1. (6) angrily - (with anger; 'he angrily denied the accusation') """ . :angularMinutes :en "minutes" ; a :UnitOfMeasure . :angularSeconds :en "seconds" ; a :UnitOfMeasure . :annually :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :OneYear ; :hasUnit :perYear ; :ldoce "yearly" ; :wnsense "annual1adj", "annually1adv", "yearly1adj", "yearly1adv" ; :wordnet "annual", "annually", "yearly" ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """A Frequency measure meaning once per Year. This can occur linguistically as either an adjective or adverb, and in both cases it modifies an Event, so it has the same meaning. There may be a subsense meaning 'without interruption', as the WordNet adverb sense suggests. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and adverb sense 1 of 'yearly' in WordNet: 1. (2) annual, yearly - (occurring or payable every year; 'an annual trip to Paris'; 'yearly medical examinations'; 'annual (or yearly) income') WN adverb 'yearly': 1. annually, yearly, every year, each year - (without missing a year; 'they travel to China annually') """ . :any :ldoce "any" ; :wnsense "any1adj", "whatever1adj", "whatsoever1adj" ; :wordnet "any", "whatever", "whatsoever" ; a :FunctionalAttributeValue, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute ; rdfs:comment """'any' is a Quantifier meaning 'one or more' used in different ways in different contexts. 'Any' is a function instantiating an unspecified member of the type modified by this adjective. The use of this word implies that every instance of the type referenced possesses certain properties relevant to the discourse. This corresponds to sense 1, and overlaps with sense 2 of RHW (see below). There are also pronominal and adverbial senses not included here. 'any of' should be a separate entry. Random House Webster Senses of adjective 'any': 1. one, a, an, or some; one or more without specification or identification: If you have any witnesses, produce them. Pick out any six you like. 2. whatever or whichever it may be: cheap at any price. 3. in whatever quantity or number, great or small; some: Do you have any butter? 4. every; all: Any schoolboy would know that. Read any books you find on the subject. 5. (following a negative) at all: She can't endure any criticism. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'any' in Wordnet: 1. any, whatever, whatsoever - (one or some or every or all without specification; 'give me any peaches you don't want'; 'not any milk is left'; 'any child would know that'; 'pick any card'; 'any day now'; 'cars can be rented at almost any airport'; 'at twilight or any other time'; 'beyond any doubt'; 'need any help we can get'; 'give me whatever peaches you don't want'; 'no milk whatsoever is left') """ . :anyhow :ldoce "anyhow" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'in any manner'. In the Random House Webster it has 3 distinguished senses: 1. in any way whatever. 2. in any case; at all events. 3. in a careless manner; haphazardly..""" . :anymore :wnsense "any longer1adv", "anymore1adv" ; :wordnet "any longer", "anymore" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''anymore'' is an adverb which,usually used with a negative 'not anymore' whose general sense is 'not again after now' or 'never in the future'. In reference to Events that may repeat, when asked as question, the usual usage is 'again' as in 'will he come again'? vs 'not anymore'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'anymore' in WordNet: 1. (11) anymore, any longer - (at the present or from now on; usually used with a negative; 'Alice doesn't live here anymore'; 'the children promised not to quarrel any more') """ . :anyone :en "anybody" ; :ldoce "anyone" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'anyone'; is a function instantiating an unspecified person. 'anyone of them' should be a separate entry as it references the prior discourse. Synonymous with 'anybody'. See also ''Anybody''. """ . :anything :ldoce "anything" ; :wnsense "anything1n" ; :wordnet "anything" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'anything'; is a function instantiating an unspecified entity of any type. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'anything' in WordNet: 1. anything - (a thing of any kind; 'do you have anything to declare?') """ . :anytime :en "anytime" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """''anytime'' is an adverb used to qualify an assertion or a phrase to indicate that the phrase or assertion holds true at all times. This differs from This type includes both RHW senses 1 and 2 of adverb 'anytime': RHW: 1. at any time; regardless of hour, date, etc.; whenever. 2. invariably; without doubt or exception; always: I can do better than that anytime. """ . :anyway :wnsense "anyhow1adv", "anyway1adv", "at any rate1adv", "in any case1adv", "in any event1adv" ; :wordnet "anyhow", "anyway", "at any rate", "in any case", "in any event" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''anyway'' as an adverb is ofen used as an interjection to introduce a folowing Event assertion without including intervening Events. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'anyway' in WordNet: 1. (16) anyhow, anyway, in any case, at any rate, in any event - (used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement; 'Anyhow, he is dead now'; 'I think they're asleep; anyhow, they're quiet'; 'I don't know what happened to it; anyway, it's gone'; 'anyway, there is another factor to consider'; 'I don't know how it started; in any case, there was a brief scuffle'; 'in any event, the government faced a serious protest'; 'but at any rate he got a knighthood for it') """ . :anywhere :ldoce "anywhere" ; :wnsense "anyplace1adv", "anywhere1adv" ; :wordnet "anyplace", "anywhere" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'anywhere'; can serve as a pronoun for a location, an adverb meaning 'in any location', or an adverb modifying certain adjectives, e.g. 'anywhere near the estimated value'. The function implementing this vague concept will have to disambiguate with respect to the remainder of a sentence or discourse. Includes adverb sense 1 of 'anywhere' in WordNet: 1. (9) anywhere, anyplace - (at or in or to any place; \"you can find this food anywhere\"; ('anyplace' is used informally for 'anywhere')) """ . :apart :ldoce "apart" ; :wnsense "apart1adj", "apart1adv", "apart3adv", "apart4adv", "apart6adv" ; :wordnet "apart" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'apart'is an adverb having the general meaning 'not together in the same place, not contiguous or adjacent' (this sense does not include the sense of separation in time, nor the psychological sense indicating emotional distance). The word has several senses in the Random House Webster: 1. into pieces or parts; to pieces: to take a watch apart; an old barn falling apart from decay. 2. separately in place, time, motion, etc.: New York and Tokyo are thousands of miles apart. Our birthdays are three days apart. 3. to or at one side, with respect to place, purpose, or function: to put money apart for education; to keep apart from the group out of pride. 4. separately or individually in consideration: each factor viewed apart from the others. 5. aside (used with a gerund or noun): Joking apart, what do you think? 6. apart from, aside from; in addition to; besides: Apart from other considerations, time is a factor. 7. take apart, a. to disassemble: to take a clock apart. b. Informal. to criticize; attack: She was taken apart for her controversial stand. c. to subject to intense examination: He will take your feeble excuses apart. Includes adverb senses 1, 3, 4, and 6 of 'apart' and adjective sense 1 in WordNet. the examples of sense 4 do not relate to spatial distance, but the gloss suggests that that is also included, and that is the part of sense 4 included in this type: in WordNet: 1. (18) apart - (separated or at a distance in place or position or time; 'These towns are many miles apart'; 'stood with his legs apart'; 'born two years apart') 3. (1) apart -- (away from another or others; 'they grew apart over the years'; 'kept apart from the group out of shyness'; 'decided to live apart') 4. aside, apart - (placed or kept separate and distinct as for a purpose; 'had a feeling of being set apart'; 'quality sets it apart'; 'a day set aside for relaxing') 6. apart, asunder -- (into parts or pieces; 'he took his father's watch apart'; 'split apart'; 'torn asunder') WN adjective 'apart': 1. (1) apart, isolated, obscure - (remote and separate physically or socially; 'existed over the centuries as a world apart'; 'preserved because they inhabited a place apart'- W.H.Hudson; 'tiny isolated villages remote from centers of civilization'; 'an obscure village') """ . :appearsInAxioms a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to a string with axioms that include reference to the domain entity.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :appearsToBe a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'appearsToBe' relates a first Object or situation Attribute to some second ObjectType, EventType, or instance of Object, where the first thing presents a visual appearance of being the second thing. This can be used very generally to represent the notion expressed as 'it appears as though' or 'that appears to be'. For the more specific case where some PhysicalObject has a close resemblance in form to some Object or ObjectType, use 'resembles'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Event :ObjectType :EventType ) ] . :appliesInJurisdiction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'appliesInJurisdiction' relates a 'Law' or 'LegalSystem' to some legal 'Jurisdiction' (a ''GeographicalRegion'') within which the Law is valid and can be enforced. Ambiguity can occur outside of recognized national boundaries. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Law :LegalSystem ) ] ; rdfs:range :Jurisdiction ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :holdsAtLocation . :are :en "are" ; :hasInfinitiveForm :be ; :ldoce "be" ; :wnsense "be4v" ; :wordnet "be" ; a :AuxVerb, :Verb2s, :VerbPlur . :areAlikeWRT :ldoce "alike", "like", "similar" ; :wnsense "alike1adj", "like1adj", "like3adj", "similar1adj", "similar2adj", "similar3adj" ; :wordnet "alike", "like", "similar" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'areAlikeWRT' ('are alike with respect to') is a property pointing from a Group to a ''AttributeGroup'' (a Group of AttributeValues). that are sufficiently similar for more than one person to think that they are 'alike'. Linguistically this can be expressed by saying that each of the individuals in the group 'is like' the other - in a pairwise comparison. To be 'alike' two entities can have more than one Attribute in which they are similar. IF only one,that Attribute (Type, Value) can be used; if ore than one an instance of ''AttributeGroup'' can be used of created ad hoc. Linguistically, this relation corresponds to an assertion such as 'X is like Y in its (attributes)' Parts of this sense are labeled by WN adjective sense 1 of 'alike' and adj sense 1 and 3 of 'like' amd adj senses 1, 2, and3 of 'similar': in Wordnet: 1. (2) alike, similar, like - (having the same or similar characteristics; 'all politicians are alike'; 'they looked utterly alike'; 'friends are generally alike in background and taste') WN adjective 'like': 1. (30) like, similar - (resembling or similar; having the same or some of the same characteristics; often used in combination; 'suits of like design'; 'a limited circle of like minds'; 'members of the cat family have like dispositions'; 'as like as two peas in a pod'; 'doglike devotion'; 'a dreamlike quality') WN adjective 'similar': 1. (65) similar - (marked by correspondence or resemblance; 'similar food at similar prices'; 'problems similar to mine'; 'they wore similar coats') """ ; rdfs:domain :Group ; rdfs:range :AttributeGroup . :areAssociatedObligationsOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :areCitizensOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'areCitizensOf' is a specialized relation that relates each instance off 'Citizenry' to the GeopoliticalEntity of which they are Citzens..""" ; rdfs:domain :Citizenry ; rdfs:range :GeopoliticalEntity . :areOfTheSameType :ldoce "alike" ; :wnsense "alike1adj" ; :wordnet "alike" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'areOfTheSameType' is a specialization of 'areAlikeWRT' pointing from a Group to Some Type that they both belong to. This relation can be inferred from individual assertions that two or more entitities are of a certain type, but there may be occasions to assert in one statement that some predefined group of entities are all of a particular type, and that can be automatically converted into individual type assertions for each element of the Group. Linguistically, this relation may be used to answer a question such as 'what sort of things are in that container?' answer: 'they areOfTheSameType T'. This relation is close in meaning to 'areAlikeWRT', but the similarity is a belonging to the same type, which is not formally an AttributeValue; so this relation can not be formally specified as a subtype of any of those other relations. In fact, if having a particular set of attributes is equivalent to belonging to a type defined as having those attributes, then this relation may be a parent to the relation 'areAlikeWRT'. BUT the phrases 'are of the same type' and 'are similar' are not usually used in such a related sense, and @ToDo this issue of subproperty has not yet (v0.52) been resolved..""" ; rdfs:domain :Group ; rdfs:range owl:Class . :areSeparatedBy :en "comes between", "is between" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """areSeparatedBy relates two or more Objects to another Object which is between and touching the subject objects. This is one specialized meaning of 'between';it is used only for those cases where it is also appropriate to say 'X and Y are separated by Z'. This means that X and Y do not touch each other, but each touches Z, and there is a direct line from some part of X to some part of Y that passes through Z. For two buildings that are directly across a street from one another such that one could say 'A is across Main Street from B', this relation can be used, with A and B being the elements of the Pair, thus: {AandB areSeparatedBy MainStreet}, equivalent to: {MainStreet isBetween AandB}. The notion of being between two things on a path is ternary or quaternary, and more complicated to represent in OWL. NOTE that the inverse 'isBetween' used by itself does *not* imply a 'touching' relation between two things, but if combined with a 'connects' relation between the same two things, the 'touching' of the two things to each other can be inferred. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Pair :Group :PairType :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :Object :GenericLocation :LocationType :ObjectType :TimeInterval :OneOrHigherDimensionalThing :spatio-temporal-particular ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isBetween . :as :en "equally" ; :ldoce "as" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction ; rdfs:comment """'as' has multiple senses, both as an adverb and as a conjunction. Adverbial uses from the Random House Webster are: 1. to the same degree, amount, or extent; similarly; equally: I don't think it's as hot and humid today as it was yesterday. 2. for example; for instance: Some flowers, as the rose, require special care. 3. thought to be or considered to be: the square as distinct from the rectangle; the church as separate from the state. 4. in the manner (directed, agreed, promised, etc.): She sang as promised. He left as agreed. @@ToDo: Rev1331 = this needs a lot of additional attention. This elent does not completely represent the meanngs of this term. Some conjunction senses: 7. (used correlatively after an adjective or adverb prec. by an adverbial phrase, the adverbial as, or another adverb) to such a degree or extent that: It came out the same way as it did before. You are as good as you think you are. 8 (without antecedent) in the degree, manner, etc., of or that: She's good as gold. Do as we do. 9. at the same time that; while; when: as you look away. 10. since; because: As you are leaving last, please turn out the lights. 11 though: Questionable as it may be, we will proceed. 12 with the result or purpose: He said it in a voice so loud as to make everyone stare. 13. Informal. (in dependent clauses) that: I don't know as I do. 14. Midland and Southern U.S. and Brit. Dial. than. 15. as . . . as, (used to express similarity or equality in a specified characteristic, condition, etc., as between one person or thing and another): as rich as Croesus.""" . :asOf a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """''asOf'' to a string representing a date or time in the ''DateTimeExtendedGroup'' format: DTEGyyyymmdd_hhmmss. This can be used to put a valid time on assertions. """ ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :as_if a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :as_long_as :en "as long as" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :as_much_as a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :as_soon_as a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :as_though a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :aside :ldoce "aside" ; :wnsense "aside3adv", "aside4adv", "aside5adv", "aside6adv" ; :wordnet "aside" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'in a separate place near the main part'. There is a noun sense not included in this intance of adverb. This is for spatial realtions, not metaphorical. In the Random House Webster the adverb has 6 distinguished senses: See also the related adverb 'apart'. 1. on or to one side; to or at a short distance apart; away from some position or direction: to turn aside; to move the chair aside. 2. away from one's thoughts or consideration: to put one's cares aside. 3. in reserve; in a separate place, as for safekeeping; apart; away: to put some money aside for a rainy day. 4. away from a present group, esp. for reasons of privacy; off to another part, as of a room; into or to a separate place: He took him aside and talked business. 5. in spite of; put apart; notwithstanding: all kidding aside; unusual circumstances aside. 6. aside from, a. apart from; besides; excluding: Aside from her salary, she receives money from investments. b. except for: They had no more food, aside from a few stale rolls. WordNet has 6 senses for the adverb, and all but sense 2 and the mental part of sense 5 are related to this sense: in WordNet: 1. (7) aside - (on or to one side; 'step aside'; 'stood aside to let him pass'; 'threw the book aside'; 'put her sewing aside when he entered') 2. (5) aside, away - (out of the way (especially away from one's thoughts); 'brush the objections aside'; 'pushed all doubts away') 3. (4) apart, aside - (not taken into account or excluded from consideration; 'these problems apart, the country is doing well'; 'all joking aside, I think you're crazy') 4. away, aside - (in a different direction; 'turn aside'; 'turn away one's face'; 'glanced away') 5. aside, apart - (placed or kept separate and distinct as for a purpose; 'had a feeling of being set apart'; 'quality sets it apart'; 'a day set aside for relaxing') 6. aside, by, away - (in reserve; not for immediate use; 'started setting aside money to buy a car'; 'put something by for her old age'; 'has a nest egg tucked away for a rainy day') """ . :assertsAttributeOrType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'assertsAttributeOrType' relates an Adjective or ''CharacterizingSomething'' Action to an AttributeValue which is asserted when that adjective is applied to a type or instance; or to an attribute which is ascribed to something in a ''CharacterizingSomething'' Action. . For example, the adjective 'ENG_good' (i.e. the word 'good') applied in prefix position to a type will serve as a function that selects from that type those instances having the attribute 'Good'. But this can aso be inferred from the presence of the Wordnetlabel 'good' on the ''Good'' entry. @ToDo: this is Used only with instances of words? Can one have word categories (metatypes) all of which assert a particular Attribute? Look for other words that Attribute 'good'? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Adjective :CharacterizingSomething ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType rdfs:Class ) ] . :at :ldoce "at" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """ 'at' has multiple senses, not yet differntiated. """ . :atAnyTime :wnsense "ever1adv", "of all time1adv" ; :wordnet "ever", "of all time" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """'atAnyTime' is an adverbial phrase used to qualify a question or hypothetical about an Event, to specify that the question applies to all *previous* times: 'Did you at any time smoke marijuana?' The word 'ever' is also used in this sense: 'Did you ever smoke marijuana?' has the same meaning as the previous illustration. NOTE that it literally means 'at any time ever', but is usually used to mean 'at any time within the lifetime of the thing under discussion'. For an adverb that means 'at any time past or present' the adverb ''anytime'' can be used. These may be distinguishable but are aggregated here for the present. Corresponds to adverb 'ever' in WordNet: 1. (107) ever, of all time - (at any time; 'did you ever smoke?'; 'the best con man of all time') """ . :atTemperature a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'atTemperature' relates something to the temperature at which it applies (is true); the 'something' can be a broad range of properties or situations, for example the physical properties of objects or substances. The domain has not yet (rev953 ) been restricted. See its use in 'SolubilityValue'. """ ; rdfs:range :TemperatureMeasure . :atTime a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'atTime' is used to specify the time (or TimeInterval) at which an assertion is true. Because of the basic triple structure of OWL, this is used in specially constructed values for the object of a triple; this structures may be SubClasses or instances of 'Group' that serve to represent the various elements of what would in FOL be a multiple-arity relation. See 'AgeAtDate' for one example of use. Another way to use this relation is, for any given attribute value, to create a specific attribute value that uses this relation to specify the time at which that attribute applies.""" ; rdfs:domain :Group ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DateTimeExtendedGroup :TimeInterval ) ] . :attempted :en "attempted" ; a :Adjective, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'attempted' is an Adjective that serves as a LogicalFunction when modifying an Action, returning an Action which is an instance of 'AttemptingActivity'. Thus the function term '(attempted Killing)' would represent an Action which is an attempt to kill (some organism). An AttemptingActivity may or may not succeed. """ . :aw :en "aw" ; a :Interjection ; rdfs:comment """''aw'' is an Interjection expressing some Feeling, but the type of Feeling can vary, including disappointment or pleasure (RHW 'sugary approval', as at seeing something 'cute'). No WN sense. RHW interjection 'aw': 1. (used to express protest, disbelief, disgust, or commiseration.) 2. (used to express sentimental or sugary approval.) """ . :away :ldoce "away" ; :wnsense "away1adv", "forth1adv" ; :wordnet "away", "forth" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'at a distance from (some thing)'. In the Random House Webster it has 7 distinguished senses: 1. from this or that place; off: to go away. 2. aside; to another place; in another direction: to turn your eyes away; to turn away customers 3. far; apart: away back; away from the subject. 4. out of one's possession or use: to give money away. 5. out of existence or notice; into extinction: to fade away; to idle away the morning. 6. incessantly or relentlessly; repeatedly: He kept hammering away. 7. without hesitation: Fire away. The WordNet senses for the adverb are: 1. (70) away, off, forth - (from a particular thing or place or position ('forth' is obsolete); 'ran away from the lion'; 'wanted to get away from there'; 'sent the children away to boarding school'; 'the teacher waved the children away from the dead animal'; 'went off to school'; 'they drove off'; 'go forth and preach') 2. (21) away, out - (from one's possession; 'he gave out money to the poor'; 'gave away the tickets') 3. (13) aside, away - (out of the way (especially away from one's thoughts); 'brush the objections aside'; 'pushed all doubts away') 4. (3) away - (out of existence; 'the music faded away'; 'tried to explain away the affair of the letter'- H.E.Scudder; 'idled the hours away'; 'her fingernails were worn away') 5. (2) off, away - (at a distance in space or time; 'the boat was 5 miles off (or away)'; 'the party is still 2 weeks off (or away)'; 'away back in the 18th century') 6. (2) away - (indicating continuing action; continuously or steadily; 'he worked away at the project for more than a year'; 'the child kept hammering away as if his life depended on it') 7. (1) away - (so as to be removed or gotten rid of; 'cleared the mess away'; 'the rotted wood had to be cut away') 8. away - (freely or at will; ''fire away!') 9. away - (in or into a proper place (especially for storage or safekeeping); 'put the toys away'; 'her jewels are locked away in a safe'; 'filed the letter away') 10. away, aside - (in a different direction; 'turn aside'; 'turn away one's face'; 'glanced away') 11. aside, by, away - (in reserve; not for immediate use; 'started setting aside money to buy a car'; 'put something by for her old age'; 'has a nest egg tucked away for a rainy day') This sense is specifically for WordNet sense 1, modifying verbs of motion, signifying that the direction of movement is from some specified or implied location: in WordNet: 1. (70) away, off, forth - (from a particular thing or place or position ('forth' is obsolete); 'ran away from the lion'; 'wanted to get away from there'; 'sent the children away to boarding school'; 'the teacher waved the children away from the dead animal'; 'went off to school'; 'they drove off'; 'go forth and preach') """ . :awhile :wnsense "awhile1adv", "for a while1adv" ; :wordnet "awhile", "for a while" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'awhile' in Wordnet: 1. (1) awhile, for a while - (for a short time; 'sit down and stay awhile'; 'they settled awhile in Virginia before moving West'; 'the baby was quiet for a while') """ . :be :ldoce "be" ; :wnsense "be4v" ; :wordnet "be" ; a :AuxVerb, :VerbInf . :bearsFlowerType :en "bears" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isTheFruitOfa . :bearsFruitType :en "bears" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isTheFruitOfa . :because :en "because of", "due to" ; :ldoce "because" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: this LogicalFunction would have to be implemented as a FOL function. Some or all of the intent may be served by use of the relation: 'convincedAgentToAction' when one wants to describe what motivated an Agent to do a particular Action. This is effectively thte inverse of 'why'. See 'convincedAgentToAction' different specific meanings of 'causation' and 'reason for acting' are represented in the types 'Justification' (Reason for belief) and the relations: causes caused alwaysCauses causedToBelieve causedCreationOf causesMentalEventType hasResult produced because """ . :been a :PastParticiple ; rdfs:comment """Past particple of 'be'. needs FOL to represent. """ . :before :ldoce "before" ; :wnsense "before1adv" ; :wordnet "before" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'before X' that means 'prior to the time when X happened'. This is similar in meaning to COSMO 'until' but takes a TimeInterval rather than an Event (specified as a sentence) as the argument of the Preposition. see also ''priorTo'':: 'prior to that time' ='before that time' Corresponds to preposition sense 1 of 'before' in RHW: 1. previous to; earlier or sooner than: Phone me before noon. And includes adverb sense 1 of 'before' inWordNet: 1. (68) earlier, before - (earlier in time; previously; 'I had known her before'; 'as I said before'; 'he called me the day before but your call had come even earlier'; 'her parents had died four years earlier'; 'I mentioned that problem earlier') """ . :beginsString a owl:ObjectProperty . :beginsWithString a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """beginsWithString relates an AbstractString to another AbstractString that is a substring identical with one of the substrings that beings the parent string. There are as many values for this relation as there are characters in the parent string. Thus for the string 'cat' the values of this relation will be the strings 'c', 'ca', and 'cat'. """ ; rdfs:domain :AbstractString ; rdfs:range :AbstractString ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaSubstringOf ; owl:inverseOf :beginsString . :beginsWithSubstring a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """specifies that a particular AbstractString begins with another abstractString, which must be shorter or of equal length. This is the analog of one of the methods on a Java String. In COSMO, certain CodeStrings may have a specific prefix, such as 'DTEG' for a DateTimeExtendedGroup; this relation can be used to enforce that requirement, if the ontology can reference procedural methods that can manipulate strings.""" ; rdfs:range :AbstractString . :believes :en "believes" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'believes' is the inverse of 'hasBeliever'; it points from an intelligent agent to a Belief (or Opinion) or BeliefSystem or Proposition to which the agent has least nominal adherence or supports to some degree. NOTE that to say someone 'believes' something does not indicate the strength of the belief. For religious 'believers', the belief may be so nominal as to be nearly meaningless. But there should be some agreement to some core elements of a belief system to say that someone is a 'believer'. @TODo: For cases where someone is, for example, traditionally Catholic but has no actual belief at all in any of the theological assertions of that faith, and does not call herself a 'Catholic' (as on questionnaires) the relation 'believes' should not be used. Since the ontology says that a Catholic 'believes' Catholicism, a different Type should be used for those who have only nominal but not actual adherence to a faith. As of COSMO version 0.80, this distinction has not been added to the class hierarchy - no parent 'nominal' type is defined. This may best be approached by creating a 'nominal' function in an FOl version. Correspponds to verb senses 1 and 4 of 'believe' in WordNet - this relation is used to say that 'X believes Y' or the inverse, 'Y is believed by 'X' WN verb 'believe': in WordNet: 1. (119) believe - (accept as true; take to be true; 'I believed his report'; 'We didn't believe his stories from the War'; 'She believes in spirits') 4. (10) believe - (follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer; 'When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too') """ ; owl:inverseOf :hasBeliever . :beside :en "beside" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'beside' is a preposition that, in this sense, means 'alongside' 'at the side of' and the thing thatfollows the 'beside' preposition ''isAlongside'' the thing that precedes the preposition. RHW; prep 'beside': 1. by or at the side of; near: Sit down beside me. """ . :besides :ldoce "besides" ; :wnsense "besides1adv" ; :wordnet "besides" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'not including', 'other than'. It is used by itself as a referent to a prior discourse entity, or as a preposition to specify the entity excluded from a subsequent phrase. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'besides' in WordNet: 1. (10) besides, in any case - (making an additional point; anyway; 'I don't want to go to a restaurant; besides, we can't afford it'; 'she couldn't shelter behind him all the time and in any case he wasn't always with her') """ . :beta :wnsense "beta1n" ; :wordnet "beta" ; a :GreekCharacter ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'beta' in WordNet: 1. (1) beta - (the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet) """ . :beyond :ldoce "beyond" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'beyond' has the general linguistic sense of 'located farther away than (some reference point). It is used both concretely and abstractly: For the adverb 'beyond' see ''Beyond-Adv'' The Random House Webster has several senses: 1. on, at, or to the farther side of: Beyond those trees you'll find his house. 2. farther on than; more distant than: beyond the horizon; beyond the sea. 3. outside the understanding, limits, or reach of; past: beyond comprehension; beyond endurance; beyond help. 4. superior to; surpassing; above: wise beyond all others. 5. more than; in excess of; over and above: to stay beyond one's welcome. NOTE the anaphoric references in the three illustrations in sense 1 below: 'through the valley and beyond' -> through and beyond the valley 'to the eighth grade but not beyond' -> not beyond eigth grade 'will be influential in the 1990s and beyond' -> in and beyond the 1990's In WordNet it is included only as an adverb, but the main adverbial sense (1) is closely related to the preposition, in that it is in essence the preposition with an elliptical anaphoric reference, in WordNet: 1. (10) beyond - (farther along in space or time or degree; 'through the valley and beyond'; 'to the eighth grade but not beyond'; 'will be influential in the 1990s and beyond') 2. (1) beyond, on the far side - (on the farther side from the observer; a pond with a hayfield beyond) 3. beyond - (in addition; agreed to provide essentials but nothing beyond) """ . :billion :hasCardinalityNumber "1000000000"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "1000000000"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "billion1adj" ; :wordnet "billion" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'billion' takes a type and returns a Group containing one billion instances of that type; if preceded by another number ('two billion') the preceding number serves as a function to create a new number which is the product. This is the American 'thousand million' usage. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'billion' in WordNet: 1. (4) billion - (denoting a quantity consisting of one thousand million items or units in the United States) WN Related to the noun sense 3 of 'billion' in WordNet: 3. billion, one thousand million, 1000000000 - (the number that is represented as a one followed by 9 zeros) """ . :bimonthly :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :Month ; :hasUnit :perMonth ; :wnsense "bimonthly1adj", "semimonthly1adj" ; :wordnet "bimonthly", "semimonthly" ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """A Frequency measure meaning twice per month. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'bimonthly' in WordNet: 1. semimonthly, bimonthly - (occurring twice a month; 'a semimonthly publication') """ . :bits a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment "The smallest unit for measuring a quantity of information." . :biweekly :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :Week ; :hasUnit :perWeek ; :wnsense "biweekly1adj", "semiweekly1adj" ; :wordnet "biweekly", "semiweekly" ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """A Frequency measure meaning twice per Week. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'biweekly' in Wordnet: 1. semiweekly, biweekly - (occurring twice a week) """ . :biyearly :hasQuantifier :N_2 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :SixMonths ; :hasUnit :perYear ; :wnsense "biannual1adj", "biyearly2adj", "semiannual1adj" ; :wordnet "biannual", "biyearly", "semiannual" ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """A Frequency measure meaning twice per Year. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'biyearly' in Wordnet: 2. semiannual, biannual, biyearly - (occurring or payable twice each year) """ . :both :ldoce "both" ; :wnsense "both1adj" ; :wordnet "both" ; a :Adjective, :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'both' is used in several senses, including three parts of speech. The Random House Webster senses are: 1. (adj.) one and the other; two together: He met both sisters. Both performances were canceled. 2. (pron.) the one as well as the other: Both of us were going to the party. 3. (conj.) alike; equally: He is both ready and willing.. Includes adjective sense 1 of 'both' in WordNet: 1. both - ((used with count nouns) two considered together; the two; 'both girls are pretty') """ . :bounds :en "bounds" ; :wnsense "bound2v" ; :wordnet "bound" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'isBoundedBy'. This relates an Object, Surface, Line, or Container to some space that it bounds. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'bound' in WordNet: 2. (2) bound, border - (form the boundary of; be contiguous to) """ . :but :ldoce "but" ; a :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'and' in the sense of a conjunction, joining verb phrases or sentences.""" . :by :en "by" ; :ldoce "by" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """A preposition with a number of meanings, some significantly different from the others. This word will need a sophisticated disambiguating method. For the adverb ''By'' see ''By-adv''. The senses of the preposition and adverb in Random House Wenster are: Preposition: 1. near to or next to: a home by a lake. 2. over the surface of, through the medium of, along, or using as a route: He came by the highway. She arrived by air. 3. on, as a means of conveyance: They arrived by ship. 4. to and beyond the vicinity of; past: He went by the church. 5. within the extent or period of; during: by day; by night. 6. not later than; at or before: I usually finish work by five o'clock. 7. to the extent or amount of: The new tug is larger than the old one by a great deal. He's taller than his sister by three inches. 8. from the opinion, evidence, or authority of: By his own account he was in Chicago at the time. I know him by sight. 9. according to; in conformity with: This is a bad movie by any standards. 10. with (something) at stake; on: to swear by all that is sacred. 11. through the agency, efficacy, work, participation, or authority of: The book was published by Random House. 12. from the hand, mind, invention, or creativity of: She read a poem by Emily Dickinson. The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison. 13. in consequence, as a result, or on the basis of: We met by chance. We won the game by forfeit. 14. accompanied with or in the atmosphere of: Lovers walk by moonlight. 15. in treatment or support of; for: He did well by his children. 16. after; next after, as of the same items in a series: piece by piece; little by little. 17. (in multiplication) taken the number of times as that specified by the second number, or multiplier: Multiply 18 by 57. 18. (in measuring shapes) having an adjoining side of, as a width relative to a length: a room 10 feet by 12 feet. 19. (in division) separated into the number of equal parts as that specified by the second number, or divisor: Divide 99 by 33. 20. in terms or amounts of; in measuring units of: Apples are sold by the bushel. I'm paid by the week. 21. begot or born of: Eve had two sons by Adam. 22. (of quadrupeds) having as a sire: Equipoise II by Equipoise. 23. Navig. (as used in the names of the 16 smallest points on the compass) one point toward the east, west, north, or south of N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, or NW, respectively: He sailed NE by N from Pago Pago. 24. into, at, or to: Come by my office this afternoon. adverb: 25. near; in the immediate vicinity; at hand: The school is close by. 26. to and beyond a point near something; past: The car drove by. 27. aside; away: Put your work by for the moment. Over the years, she laid by enough money to retire. 28. over; past: in times gone by. 29. by and by, in a short time; before long; presently: The clouds will disappear by and by. 30. by and large, in general; on the whole: By and large, there is much to be said for the new system. 31. by me, a. (in bridge and other bidding card games) a declaration that the speaker is passing. b. (in poker) a declaration that the speaker is checking: Is my pair of tens still high? By me. """ . :calories a :EnergyUnit, :HeatUnit . :can-possible :en "can" ; a :AuxVerb, :VerbInf ; rdfs:comment """The auxiliary verb that asserts that the subject of the following verb has the capability to perform that action.. """ . :canAssumeTheShapeOfa a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''canAssumeTheShapeOfa'' relates the alternative shapes of Objects that can be transformed from one shape to other shape. (think 'transformer' toys). This is specialized to allow relating artifact objects designed to have alternative or multiple shapes to the various shapes it can assume. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :GeometricFigure ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaPossibleShapeFor . :canBeAnAttributeOnlyOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to the type of Thing that may have this AttributeValue. In using this relation, be sure that thething pointed to is the only kind of thing that can have this attribute value. This is used to clarify the meaning of certain qualitative relations. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :ObjectType :EventType :GroupType :PhysicalFeatureType ) ] . :canBeCausedByEventWithAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty . :canBeConnectedWith a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'isDesignedToConnect' - relates an ''ObjectGroup'' to some type of ''Connector'' that can or could be used (among other things) to connect those object together physically.""" ; owl:inverseOf :isDesignedToConnect . :canBeConvertedInto a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isPreparedFromSubstance . :canBeFacilitatedBy :ldoce "facilitate", "help", "use" ; :wnsense "facilitate2v", "help2v", "use1v" ; :wordnet "facilitate", "help", "use" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'canBeFacilitatedBy' relates an instrument (0bject or subsatance) intentionally used or participating in a natural Event, to the Event in which it was used or participated; but NOTE that 'facilitated' and 'used' do not mean that the thing used was a 'Device': every acts of 'Detection' is facilitated by some type of 'Sensor', which can be biological (see 'Sensor' entry). This is the inverse of 'wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent'. There may be more than one instrument used in an Event. To say that an Event was 'facilitated' does not require that the Event would not have been possible without the instrument; to make such an assertion of necessity, use the subproperty 'requiredInstrument'. NOTE that the 'instrument' need not be an artifact - in the act of 'Kissing' the instrument is the lips of the person doing the kissing. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :Device :UsefulThing :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent . :canBeKilledBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrganismType :Organism ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :canKill . :canBeProcessedToProduce a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaSourceOf ; owl:inverseOf :isDerivedFrom . :canBeTransportedIn a owl:ObjectProperty . :canBeUsedInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'canBeUsedInAction' relates any 'Device', 'SubstanceType' 'DeviceType' or 'UsefulThing' to some Action or ActionType in which it *could* be useful,but may not be and may be used elsewhere. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :ObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :Device :UsefulThing :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action :TopicType ) ] . :canBeVerifiedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'canBeVerifiedBy' points from an Assertion to some Procedure that can verify the Assertion; this relation supports the ability to understand meanings of assertions by 'Procedural Semantics', the ability to demonstrate understanding by verifying the truth or falsity of an Assertion.""" ; rdfs:domain :Assertion ; rdfs:range :Procedure . :canCreate a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'canCreate' relates an Agent (including Devices) to something that the agent has the power or ability to create. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :AgentType :IntelligentAgent :Group ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :SubstanceType :ActionType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isCreatedByAgentType . :canDamage a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'damages' relates some Entity (Agent, Event, Substance) to some other entity that (Object or substance) can be damaged by the first. NOTE: a 'substance' can be 'damaged' by losing some of its utility. This is a peculiar usage of 'damage' and probably should be made more sepcific when occasion requires. """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isBadFor . :canEmit a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """canEmit relates a physical object or substance to some type of emittable object (usually a form of Energy or EnergyType such as ThermalEnergy ('heat') or radiation such as ''Light'') that it is capable of emitting. This can be for natural things, like a quantity of radioactive material, or devices like radio transmitters. NOTE that the things that ''canEmit'' stuff does not necessarily generate the stuff being emitted. The type ''Region'' was added to the domain to allow for ill-defined objects emitting light (like a ''Rainbow'') to use this relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :Region :ObjectType :RegionType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Light :EmittableThingType :EnergyType :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isEmittedBy . :canEmitSound a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """canEmitSound relates a physical object to some type of sound that it is capable of emitting. This can be for natural things, like animals, or artifacts, such as horns or radio wave emitters.""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :EmittableThingType . :canKill a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'damages' relates some Entity (Agent, Event, Substance) to some Organism or ''OrganismType'' that can be killed by the subject entity. """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrganismType :Organism ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :canDamage ; owl:inverseOf :canBeKilledBy . :canServeAsAgentInActionType :en "can", "can perform", "is able to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """canServeAsAgentInActionType relates an Agent to a type of action that the Agent can perform. This is very similar to the relation ''hasCapability'' or ''isSkilledAt''; the difference is mainly in the grammatical manner in which this concept is expressed. The term 'is able' would take an infinitive form prefixed by 'to', as 'to X'; whereas saying 'he has the capability'could be followed by the nominative or gerundive form of the verb. The reverse ''isUnableToServeAsAgentInActionType'' does not have any COSMO equivalent referring to ''Capability''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType . :canServeAsInstrumentInActionType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """canServeAsInstrumentInActionType relates an Object to a type of Action that the Object can facilitate when wielded by an Agent. This differs from ''isUsedAsInstrumentInAction'' in that it cannot be used for substances as subjects, and is usually used to relate Devices to their intended use. This also differs from ''isUsedInAction'' in that there may be multiple ActionTypes in which the subject can be used as an instrument. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :enablesOrAssists . :canServeInRole a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'canServeInRole' relates almost any kind of thing to a ''Role'' that the thing may fill, even if it were not designed to be used that way. Many things can be reused in odd ways, but this relation is expected to be used for special cases where the relation between things is meaningful and other relations do not quite fit. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :LocationType :ObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :Device :Place :UsefulThing :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RoleType :Role ) ] . :caused :en "caused" ; :ldoce "because", "begin", "cause", "effect", "produce" ; :wnsense "cause1v", "effect1v", "effect2v", "produce3v" ; :wordnet "cause", "effect", "produce" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'caused' is a relation between instances of Events, specifying that one Event resulted by some direct mechanism in the occurrence of some other Event. It is a subproperty of 'hadEffect', restricted to Events where the occurrence of one resulting Event can be attributed to the necessary occurrence of a prior or simultaneous Event. NOTE: This relation is for direct physical causation, not the kind of causation that is mediated by mental processes, such as 'Jack's action caused me to leave the room'. The relations specifying mental causation are discussed under 'causesMentalEvent'. NOTE: this differs from the relation ''causes'' in that the Event that ''caused'' another Event must be finished (possibly with an interventing time interval of zero duration) before the caused event starts. An Event that 'causes' a second Event may at least in part co-occur with the second (caused) event, as when one PersitentState can give rise to another PersistentState (e.g. overpopulation may co-exist with some overcrowding that is caused by it). COSMO note: causality is a very primitive concept, about which there is no broad consensus. For COSMO, the main inference is the contrafactual assertion that 'if A caused B, B would not have occurred without A'. This by itself does not distinguish 'cause' from enabling conditions, which are represented in COSMO by the relation 'allowed'. The notion of 'causality' in COSMO requires that matter or energy be transferred from the objects participating in the causal Event to some Objects participating in the Effect Event. In the relation 'allows', this direct form of causation is not required. Processes can also have causal relations. The causality of processes is not yet elaborated in COSMO. More logical elaboration is needed. The word 'begin' is sometimes used to indicate that one event cause another event or series of Events, but no WordNet sense seems to capture this notion. This relation and 'Causes' both Correspond to verb sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet, and to part of sense 3 of 'produce' (the part 'cause to happen or occur'), and include verb senses 1 and 2 of 'effect': in WordNet: 1. (114) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') WN verb 'produce' 3. (27) produce, bring about, give rise - (cause to happen, occur or exist; 'This procedure produces a curious effect'; 'The new law gave rise to many complaints'; 'These chemicals produce a noxious vapor'; 'the new President must bring about a change in the health care system') WN verb 'effect': 1. (17) effect, effectuate, set up - (produce; 'The scientists set up a shock wave') 2. (3) effect - (act so as to bring into existence; 'effect a change') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event :Cause ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Event :FunctionalProcess :Difference :AttributeValueType :EventType :DifferenceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadEffect, :mayCause ; owl:inverseOf :wasCausedBy . :causedChange :ldoce "change" ; :wnsense "change2v" ; :wordnet "change" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''causedChange'' relates an Event to a ''Difference' (an attributeValue) caused by the Event, or to a ''BecomingEvent'' (in which something changes) caused by the Event. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'change' in WordNet: 2. (67) change, alter, modify - (cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; 'The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city'; 'The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Difference :BecomingEvent :AttributeValueType :EventType :DifferenceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :caused, :hasResult . :causedCreationOf :ldoce "create", "produce" ; :wnsense "create2v", "create5v", "create6v", "make3v", "make6v", "produce1v", "produce2v" ; :wordnet "create", "make", "produce" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """the inverse of 'wasCreatedByEvent'. This relation points from an Event to an Object (physical or abstract) which was created as a result of that Event. This relation is more specific than 'produced', in that the thing created went from nonexisting to existing as a result of the event which is the subject in the assertion using this relation. This relation is related to the type 'Creation' and its subtypes, by directly specifying the relation between participants in a Creation action. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'produce' and senses 2,5, and 6 of 'create' in WordNet: 1. (76) produce, bring forth - (bring forth or yield; 'The tree would not produce fruit') 2. (42) produce, make, create - (create or manufacture a man-made product; 'We produce more cars than we can sell'; 'The company has been making toys for two centuries') WN 'create': 2. (40) create - (bring into existence; 'The company was created 25 years ago'; 'He created a new movement in painting') 5. create, make - (create by artistic means; 'create a poem'; 'Schoenberg created twelve-tone music'; 'Picasso created Cubism'; 'Auden made verses') """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalObject :GenericSubstance :PhysicalSubstance :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :AttributeValueType :PersistentState :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant, :produced . :causedTheStoppingOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'causedTheStoppingOf' relates an Event or EventType ?E1 to another Event or EventType ?E2 that is caused to stop by ?E1. For example, a 'CuringEvent' causedTheStoppingOf an 'AilmentCondition'. NOTE: in Rev1313 this is expanded to include Devices as object arguments,with the understanding that what is stopped is the *functioning* of the Device. This can be differentated and simplified if 'device functioning' is created as an Event type. NOTE that the Event that causes the stopping may but does not have to stop itself when the stopped Event has ceased; a noise that causes someone to stop sleeping can persist long after the SleepingEvent has stopped.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :EventType :Device :DeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :finishes . :causedToBelieve :wnsense "convince1v" ; :wordnet "convince" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """causedToBelieve is a subproperty of 'convincedAgentToAction', specifically resulting in a state of belief This is an aggregate relation, which should be a tertiary relation of the form {?Event convinced ?Agent toBelief ?Proposition}. Because of the binary relation limitation of OWL, this is compressed into a binary relation in which the second argument is a ''Believing'' that describes the thing believed. See ''Convincing-CommunicationAct'' for the Action of 'convincing'. This relation can be used to express the results of some action taken by one person or organization to persuade someone else to believe something. The causative Event, however, need not be a deliberate attempt at persuasion; some natural event can persuade people to believe something or to take action, and this relation can be broadly utilized to express, for example, that some astronomical event convinced a scientist that some physical law is true; or that some natural disaster convinced people to move their residence. NOTE that this is an instance-level relation, and cannot be used to state that some type of Event typically or always causes some type of mental effect. For the type-level relation use 'causesMentalEvent'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'convince' in WordNet: 1. (15) convert, win over, convince - (make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something; 'He had finally convinced several customers of the advantages of his product') """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range :Believing ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :convincedAgentToAction . :causes :en "causes" ; :ldoce "because", "cause", "produce" ; :wnsense "cause1v", "produce3v" ; :wordnet "cause", "produce" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """causes specifies that one EventType **usually or often** has as a result some other EventType; the resulting EventType may be a PersistentState (persistent for some period of time after it is caused); the probability of the resulting event ensuing is not specified,but can be specified by subrelations. NOTE that if something is only one of several ''Factor''s in causing an Event, use ''contributedCausallyTo'' to specify that relationship. NOTE: this differs from the relation ''caused'' in that the Event that ''caused'' another Event must be finished (possibly with an interventing time interval of zero duration) before the caused event starts. An Event that 'causes' a second Event may at least in part co-occur with the second (caused) event, as when one PersistentState can give rise to another PersistentState (e.g. overpopulation may co-exist with some overcrowding that is caused by it). NOTE that because of the dual nature of ''Wave''s, ''Wave''s that are Objects are included so that they can be participants in an ''EmittingaWave'' event. For cases where the effect is always caused, use 'alwaysCauses'. NOTE: This relation is usually used for direct physical causation, not the kind of causation that is mediated by mental processes, such as 'Jack's action caused me to leave the room'. The relations specifying mental causation are discussed under 'causesMentalEvent'. However, some PersistentStates that are 'caused' may not be strictly physical (see 'initiatesState' and 'terminatesState'). NOTE: to specify that one event inevitably causes another use the relation 'alwaysCauses'. To specify that an instance of an Event was caused by another instance of an Event, use 'hadEffect'. The domain of this relation includes instances of 'Event' to allow inheritance of the relation in the OWL format. NOTE: the subrelation 'terminatesState' is also a causal relation, but in that case the subject Event specified causes the *end* of a PersistentState, which in effect is a new PersistentState in which the characteristic property of the terminated PersistentState no longer applies (e.g. 'Divorce' terminatesState 'Marriage'). To use this relation, the new PersistentState does not have to be reified, though the terminated staet must be reified, to servfe as the value of the relation. COSMO note: causality is a very primitive concept, about which there is no broad consensus. For COSMO, the main inference is the contrafactual assertion that 'if A caused B, B would not have occurred without A'. This by itself does not distinguish 'cause' from enabling conditions, which are represented in COSMO by the relation 'allowed'. The notion of 'causality' in COSMO requires that matter or energy be transferred from the objects participating in the causal Event to some Objects participating in the Effect Event. In the relation 'allows', this direct form of causation is not required. Processes can also have causal relations. The causality of processes is not yet elaborated in COSMO. More logical elaboration is needed. This relation and 'Causes' both Correspond to verb sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet, and to part of sense 3 of 'produce' (the part 'cause to happen or occur'): in WordNet: 1. (114) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') WN verb 'produce' 3. (27) produce, bring about, give rise - (cause to happen, occur or exist; 'This procedure produces a curious effect'; 'The new law gave rise to many complaints'; 'These chemicals produce a noxious vapor'; 'the new President must bring about a change in the health care system') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event :Cause ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :EventType :Event :WaveType :Wave :ProcessType :PhysicalProcess :FunctionalProcess :Difference :AttributeValueType :DifferenceType :GoalType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isCausedBy . :causesAilment a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'causesAilment' specifies the type(s) of AilmentCondition that a Pathogen or substance (e.g. poison) may cause. Specifying the Pathogen as subject of this relation is shorthand for asserting that *exposure* to the Pathogen or ingestion of the substance can result in developing a specific AilmentCondition. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrganismType :Organism :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AilmentType :AilmentCondition ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isCausedByExposureTo . :causesDecreaseIn :en "decreased", "decreases" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'causesDecreaseIn' is a specialized relation linking a 'DecreaseEvent' to the Thing that was decreased; the kind of things that can be decreased are very varied, so there is no restriction on the range. See ''causesIncreaseIn'' for the relation specifying what increases in an ''IncreaseEvent''. The thing decreased may be a value of a quantitative attribute, the number of objects in a location, the size, velocity, or value of an object, etc. Generic parent of Equivalent to 'hadReducedEntity',includes types. """ ; rdfs:domain :DecreaseEvent ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadChangedEntity ; owl:inverseOf :isDecreasedByEvent . :causesDesireForAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''causesDesireForAction'' relates some Event to a Desire for some Action - performed by the person experiencing an Event or by someone else. This relation specifies the Desired action, but the Desire itself is only implied. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :FunctionalProcess :SalientThing ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalEvent :Action :FunctionalProcess :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation . :causesIncreaseIn :en "increased", "increases" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'causesIncreaseIn' is a specialized relation linking an 'IncreaseEvent' to the Thing that was increased; the kind of things that can be increased are very varied, so there is no restriction on the range. NOTE that if we assert that an Event ''causesIncreaseIn'' in some instance of ''AttributeTypeType'' (a subtype of ''AttributeType''), that implies that the corresponding value related to that AttributeType by the ''hasValue'' relation is increased. @@ToDo @FOL: this impliction should be included in the FOL version. The thing increased may be a value of a quantitative attribute, the number of objects in a location, the size, velocity, or value of an object, etc. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IncreaseEvent :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadChangedEntity ; owl:inverseOf :isIncreasedByEvent . :causesInfectiousDisease a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'causesInfectiousDisease' specifies the type(s) of nfection that a Pathogen may cause. Specifying the Pathogen as subject of this relation is shorthand for asserting that *exposure* to the Pathogen can result in developing a specific Infection.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organism :OrganismType ) ] ; rdfs:range :InfectionType ; owl:inverseOf :isCausedByPathogen . :causesLimit a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'causesLimit' relates an instance or type of Limitation to the 'Limit', a value of some Attribute that may be limited by the Limitation. NOTE: not all Limitations are associated with a quantitative 'Limit'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Limitation :LimitationType ) ] ; rdfs:range :Limit . :causesMentalEventType :en "motivates" ; :wnsense "motivate1v", "motivating3n" ; :wordnet "motivate", "motivating" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """causesMentalEventType is a specialization of relation 'causes' which relates a type of Event to some mental Event that is *typically* (but not necessarily alas) caused by the causing Event. The MentalEvent can be to experience an emotion, to acquire knowledge, to believe something, or to decide to do something. A MentalEvent in which an agent decides to do something may be followed by the actual action, and this relation can be used to specify that a particular EventType typically causes some agent to engage in that action - the use of this relation will imply that the Action caused was mediated by causation of a MentalEvent. **ToDo r1377** **NOTE** that the 'mental event' caused can also be an Action performed by an agent. At this version (rev1377) there is no distinction, though there could be, between a *purely* mental Event (such as an 'EmotionState' i.e. an emotion) that is caused, or some Action taken by an agent as a result of the causing Event (which itself could be an 'EmotionState'). There can and should be a difference in the relation. In that case 'motivates' could be a subrelation that specifies only physical Actions. Needed?? until then, we add 'motivates' as a synonym. ToDo. See also ''hadMentalEffect'' for things that cause a purely ''MentalSituation''. The difference between MentalCausation and PhysicalCausation is that the former must act through the intermediation of some MentalEvent in an agent, whereas the latter procedes directly by transfer of matter or energy to some physical system, and does not require the intermediation of some mental action in a cognitive agent. Mental causation is a subrelations of physical causation, since it proceeds via a physical Event, and causes a MentalEvent, which is a subtype of physical event. NOTE that the desire for or anticipation of some future event can be a mental cause. Thus, although a mental cause (such as desire or anticipation) must predede or be simultaneous with its effect, just as for physical causes, a 'FutureSituation' may be directly related to a mental cause (form a part of the anticipated or desired event), which is not true of purely physical causes. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'motivates' and noun sense 3 of 'motivation' and noun sense 1 of 'motivating' in WordNet: 1. (6) motivate, actuate, propel, move, prompt, incite - (give an incentive for action; 'This moved me to sacrifice my career') WN noun 'motivation': 3. motivation, motivating - (the act of motivating; providing incentive) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range :EventType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :causes . :causesOrInduces :ldoce "cause", "produce" ; :wnsense "cause1v", "induce1v", "induce2v", "induce3v", "produce3v" ; :wordnet "cause", "induce", "produce" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'causesOrInduces' is a parent property of both 'causes' (for events as domain) and 'induces' (for objects as domain) to specifies that one EventType or Substance or Object **usually or often** has as a result or produces some other EventType. See the subproperty 'causes' for more detail about the varieties of causality. This relation includes verb senses 1 of 'cause', and to part of sense 3 of 'produce' (the part 'cause to happen or occur'), and senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'induce' in WordNet: 1. (114) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') WN verb 'produce' 3. (27) produce, bring about, give rise - (cause to happen, occur or exist; 'This procedure produces a curious effect'; 'The new law gave rise to many complaints'; 'These chemicals produce a noxious vapor'; 'the new President must bring about a change in the health care system') WN verb 'induce': 1. (11) induce, bring on - (cause to arise; 'induce a crisis') 2. (7) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa') 3. (5) induce, stimulate, rush, hasten - (cause to occur rapidly; 'the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :Event :PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] . :cellValueHasStringRepresentation a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to a string that represents the value of the cell in the database. Though string an number types can be readily represented as strings, other values may not be easily represented uniquely. ToDo: This relation may need more work when such cases are encountered (v 0.45) """ ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableCell ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :centimeters :en "centimeters" ; :ldoce "centimeter" ; :wnsense "centimeter1n" ; :wordnet "centimeter" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure that is equivalent to one 'Centimeter' - a Submultiple of Meter. See also the LengthMeasure 'Centimeter' representing a length equal to one 'centimeters'. @ToDo: relation??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'centimeter' in WordNet: 1. (7) centimeter, centimetre, cm - (a metric unit of length equal to one hundredth of a meter) """ . :cents :en "cents" ; a :CurrencyUnit, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure for the US 'cent'. Its value is always 1/100 that of the US unit ''dollars''. Other 'cents' currencies will have different labels. """ . :centsUS :wnsense "cent1n" ; :wordnet "cent" ; a :CurrencyUnit, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure for the 'cent', one one-hundredth of a US dollar. Corresponds to part (for the USA) of noun sense 1 of 'cent' in Wordnet: 1. (15) cent - (a fractional monetary unit of several countries) """ . :certainly :en "beyond doubt", "without question" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Certain ; :wnsense "by all odds1adv", "certainly1adv", "decidedly1adv", "definitely1adv", "doubtless1adv", "emphatically1adv", "for sure1adv", "in spades1adv", "surely1adv", "undoubtedly1adv", "unquestionably1adv", "unquestionably2adv", "without doubt2adv" ; :wordnet "by all odds", "certainly", "decidedly", "definitely", "doubtless", "emphatically", "for sure", "in spades", "surely", "undoubtedly", "unquestionably", "without doubt" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''certainly'' is an adverb that can be used to modify an assertion or as a one-word reply to some statement, or at the beginning of a sentence to mean 'it is very likely that'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'certainly' and sense 1 of 'definitely' in WordNet: 1. (55) surely, certainly, sure, for sure, for certain, sure enough, sure as shooting - (definitely or positively ('sure' is sometimes used informally for 'surely'); 'the results are surely encouraging'; 'she certainly is a hard worker'; 'it's going to be a good day for sure'; 'they are coming, for certain'; 'they thought he had been killed sure enough'; 'he'll win sure as shooting'; 'they sure smell good'; 'sure he'll come') WN adverb 'definitey': 1. (8) decidedly, unquestionably, emphatically, definitely, in spades, by all odds - (without question and beyond doubt; 'it was decidedly too expensive'; 'she told him off in spades'; 'by all odds they should win') WN adverb 'unquestionably': 1. (3) unquestionably, unimpeachably - (without question; 'Fred Winter is unquestionably the jockey to follow'; 'they hired unimpeachably first-rate faculty members') WN adverb 'undoubtedly': 1. (9) undoubtedly, doubtless, beyond question, without doubt, beyond any doubt - (with certainty; 'it's undoubtedly very beautiful') """ . :characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'characteristicallyIsSubjectInEvent' relates certain Objects or Roles to the Events whose performance is a prominent or salient characteristic of that Object type. This is a very general relation, but the more useful subrelation 'characteristicallyPerformsActivity' will be more commonly used for Roles, especially HUmanRoles that indicate characteristic activities. See also 'isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType' for related property. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :typicallyHasSubject . :characteristicallyPerformsActivity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'characteristicallyPerformsActivity' relates certain Roles to the activities whose performance is characteristic of that Role. (This might also be labeled 'isTheRoleOfSomeoneWhoPerformsAction'). Not all Roles entail performing activities, but many human Roles do. In general, a Role labeled 'Xer' will characterically performs the activity X, and the activity may be further specified, e.g. by the object of verb X. For example, a 'FarmBusiness' characteristicallyPerformsActivity 'CommercialFarming'. NOTE: this can be used to relate a Role that **has in the past** performed an activity though it (he/she) no longer does. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType :Role :RoleType :Automaton :DeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :performsAction ; owl:inverseOf :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType . :chinp a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to the Pinyin representation of the Chinese character string closest in meaning to the intended meaning of the element. See also 'chins' (simplified characters) and 'chint' (traditional characters) for the equivalent simplified and traditional character representations. """ ; rdfs:label "Chinese-Pinyin"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :chins :en "Chinese" ; a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to the Chinese character string (Mandarin, simplifies characters) closest in meaning to the intended meaning of the element. See also 'chint' (traditional characters) and 'chinp' (pinyin) for the equivalent simplified and Pininy representations. """ ; rdfs:label "Chinese-Simplified"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :chint a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to the Chinese character string (Mandarin, traditional characters) closest in meaning to the intended meaning of the element. See also 'chins' (simplified characters) and 'chinp' (pinyin) for the equivalent simplified and Pininy representations. """ ; rdfs:label "Chinese-Traditional"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory is the inverse of 'isaClaimedTerritoryOf'. It points from a GeopoliticalEntity (i.e. a government) to one (of possibly many) parts of the Earth over which that government claims legal control and jurisdiction. """ ; rdfs:domain :GeopoliticalEntity ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeopoliticalRegion :GeographicalArea ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaClaimedTerritoryOf . :clearly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Obvious ; :wnsense "apparently2adv", "clearly1adv", "evidently1adv", "manifestly1adv", "obviously1adv", "patently1adv", "plainly1adv", "unmistakably1adv" ; :wordnet "apparently", "clearly", "evidently", "manifestly", "obviously", "patently", "plainly", "unmistakably" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """This sense of ''clearly'' is an adverb whose general sense is 'without doubt' This includes 'obviously' and the related adverbs derived from the synonms of''Obvious'': RHW 'clearly': 1. in a clear manner: It is difficult to explain complex matters clearly. 2. without equivocation; decidedly: It is clearly out of the question to drop the case. Syn.: 1. plainly, understandably. CLEARLY, DEFINITELY, DISTINCTLY, EVIDENTLY imply the way in which something is plainly understood or understandable. CLEARLY suggests without doubt or obscurity: expressed clearly. DEFINITELY means explicitly; with precision: definitely phrased. DISTINCTLY means without blurring or confusion: distinctly enunciated. EVIDENTLY means patently, unquestionably: Includes adverb senses 1 and 3 of 'clearly' in WordNet: 1. (32) clearly - (without doubt or question; 'they were clearly lost'; 'history has clearly shown the folly of that policy') 3. (6) distinctly, clearly - (clear to the mind; with distinct mental discernment; 'it's distinctly possible'; 'I could clearly see myself in his situation') WN adverb 'obviously': 1. (46) obviously, evidently, manifestly, patently, apparently, plainly, plain - (unmistakably ('plain' is often used informally for 'plainly'); 'the answer is obviously wrong'; 'she was in bed and evidently in great pain'; 'he was manifestly too important to leave off the guest list'; 'it is all patently nonsense'; 'she has apparently been living here for some time'; 'I thought he owned the property, but apparently not'; 'You are plainly wrong'; 'he is plain stubborn') WN adv 'unmistakably': 1. (2) unmistakably - (without possibility of mistake; 'this watercolor is unmistakably a synthesis of nature') """ . :co-occurredWith a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """co-occurredWith specifies that the beginning TimePoints for the two TemporalThings related are identical, and that the ending TimePoints are also identical. This allows one to specify beginning and ending TimePoints of some TemporalThing by reference to another TemporalThing. NOTE: in COSMO, a TimePoint is a type of TimeInterval, so one may use co-occurredWith for either TimePoints or TimeIntervals, or for other TemporalThings like Events..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TemporalThingType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TemporalThingType ) ] . :codeHasDescription a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """codeHasDescription points from a Code to the description of one of the CodeStrings it contains. This is a datatype relation that can be used for computational convenience when the descriptions do not actually directly represent entities in the ontology.""" ; rdfs:domain :Code ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """codeWasSpecifiedByAuthority relates a CodeString to the CodingAuthority that assigned it. This relation is a specialized subProperty of 'wasCreatedBy', and although an identical String may have been created by some other Agent, the specific CodeString in a Code is considered to be 'created' by the Authority that created the Code; therefore the CodeString is a different individual from any other similar String that may exist. This individuality will be evidenced by the convention that the unique label for a CodeString will be a concatenation including the name (or acronym) of the CodeTable as well as the string which is the same as the CodeString, thus forming a unique label..""" ; rdfs:domain :CodeString ; rdfs:range :CodingAuthority ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasAssignedByAuthority . :collects :en "collects" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''collects'' is a specialized relation to relate a hobbyist ''Collector'' to the *type* of ''PhysicalObject'' that is collected. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isCollectedBy . :columnCorrespondsToRelation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """columnCorrespondsToRelation points from A DatabaseTableColumn to some Relation in the ontology that has the same meaning as the relation between the Type represented by the table,and the Type represented by the column. For this relation to hold, the DatabaseTableColumn will represent some attribute or relation on the Type that is represented by the DatabaseTable. This relation will point to a relation (owl:ObjectProperty or owl:DatatypeProperty). ***NOTE: see also ObjectProperty (relation) ''of'' to see how database columns can be represented as subtypes of ''Role'', and related to the row indexed entity by the relation ''has''. This helps represent databases using the limited triple relations of OWL. This relation is distinct from 'columnValuesHaveType', which points to the ontological Type that the values in the column should be instances of. This will be particularly relevant when the column values are Foreign Keys into another table. Relation columnValuesHaveType is also useful when the implied type of the column values is narrower than the range of the relation that the column represents. It is also useful when the values in the column may be lists of values rather than individual values. Also distinct is the data format (e.g. number, string) which a column may have - that is referenced by relation 'columnHasFormat'. NOTE: this may be redundant with 'columnValuesHaveType' for columns that are keys referring to other tables that represent ontology types. But where the values in a column have a particular intended type, but there is no table in the DB that represents that Type (e.g. the values are merely strings), this relation will allow understanding of the intended meaning, and interpretation with respect to the base knowledge of the ontology. In addition, where a field may have a list of values rather than a single value, the specification of the act that is is a list will be done by the 'columnValuesHaveType' relation.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn . :columnHasConversions a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """columnHasConversions points to relations on a column that are needed to convert the actual data value in the column to the proper ontology entity name. Conversions may be of several types; simple conversion of units of measure are one. .""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn . :columnHasDefaultValue a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasDefaultValue points to the default value, if any, of the column field. The defaults are represented as strings, but if the column format is 'NUMBER', the strings will be of type 'NumberString', and the system will convert the strings into the appropriate number type for storage in the database.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :columnHasFormat a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasColumnFormat points from a table column, to a string indicating the internal physical storage format of that column in that table. Typical values are 'Number' and 'VARCHAR2(x)' where the 'x' indicates the maximum length of the string which can be stored in that field. The values for storage format are not at this point (v0.48) constrained, any number can appear in the VARCHAR() format specification, and any subtype of 'Number' might be specified (binary, hexadecimal, etc.). Decimal numbers may be represented with maximum decimal length as, for example 'NUMBER(15,2)'. NOTE: this relation serves a similar purpose to the Cyc relations: 'fieldDataFormat' and 'fieldDataType'. At this point (v0.48) the cyc types have not been differentiated in COSMO. Cyc:fieldDataFormat (#$fieldDataFormat P-FIELD FORMAT) indicates that the data in the physical field P-FIELD has the data format FORMAT. bd653781-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270 fieldDataType (#$fieldDataType P-FIELD TYPE) means that the physical field P-FIELD can accurately represent any value representable by the data type TYPE. It is possible for a person to update this predicate at table-description time, but it is usually preferable to update this automatically by examining the database directly. Note that an assertion of, say, (#$fieldDataType P-FIELD #$StringObject) means that *any* string can be stored in a P-FIELD, and thus specifically P-FIELD is unbounded. bd6734c6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270 """ ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :columnHasName a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to a string that is the official name of the column in that table of the database. Column names will not be unique in the ontology, therefore must be recorded as datatype strings. The name could also be generated by stripping the table prefix from the ontology column name.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :columnIsForeignKey a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """A boolean property for a table column, represented as a string with values 'Y' or 'N', indicating whether that particular column is or is not a Foreign Key for some other table. If this relation is used, the relation 'hasColumnConstraint' should not duplicate the information.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :columnIsIndexed a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """A boolean property for a table column, represented as a string with values 'Y' or 'N', indicating whether that particular column is or is not indexed.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :columnIsKeyToTable a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """For single columns that are foreign keys, providing in a single column a unique record identifier in another table; this relation points to the table in which the Foreign Key will be the PrimaryKey for the entity referenced by that cell. In such a case, the Table pointed to should represent a Type that is the same as the type pointed to by 'columnHasType' for that column. In addition, the Table pointed to should be related to that Type in the Ontology by the relation 'correspondsToEntity'.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTable, :DatabaseTableColumn . :columnIsaPrimaryKey a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """A boolean property for a table column, represented as a string with values 'Y' or 'N', indicating whether that particular column is or is not a primary key for the table. If this relation is used, the relation 'hasColumnConstraint' should not duplicate the information. There may be more than one column that serves as the PrimaryKey to the table. For columns that sere alone as the PrimaryKey, use the relation 'tableHasUniqueKeyColumn'. For tables holding data for which there is no single natural unique attribute, it may be convenient to create a Key column that holds a number unique for each record in the table, to serve as a ForeignKey to make it simpler to refer to individual records in a table from other tables.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :columnValuesAreCodeInCodeList a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """columnValuesAreCodeInCodeList relates a DatabaseTableColumn to a CodeList represented in the ontology, which specifies the meaning of the CodeString. It is assumed that the values in the column correspond to the CodeString (which may be a bare number) in the CodeList..This relation may be used even if the codes are represented in the databse in a CodeTable, if the codes are common enough to have representation in the ontology (e.g. sex values, 'M' for 'MaleSex', 'F' for 'FemaleSex') """ ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range :CodeList . :columnValuesAreCodeInCodeTable a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """columnValuesAreCodeInCodeTable relates a DatabaseTableColumn to a CodeTable (usually in the same database) which specifies the meaning of the CodeString. It is assumed that the values in the column correspond to the CodeString (which may be a bare number) in the CodeTable..""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range :CodeTable . :columnValuesHaveAttributeType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """columnValuesHaveAttributeType relates a DatabaseTableColumn to the AttributeType (if any) that is implied in the value expressed by the cell datum. Thus, if a column X is named 'Length' and its values are expected to be a length in meters, then the relation (columnValuesHaveAttributeType X Length) will hold true. Together with 'columnValuesHaveUnit' the exact meaning of a quantitative attribute will be expressed by the relations on the column. This relation should only be needed when a particular AttributeType 'ATT' does not have a corresponding 'hasATT' relation in the ontology. If such a relation exists, then the AttributeType of the column will be implied by the 'hasATT' relation that maps to that column.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range :AttributeTypeType . :columnValuesHaveType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """columnValuesHaveType relates a DatabaseTableColumn to the ontological Types (or relations) in the ontology, of which the values in the column should be instances. For example, if a column named 'Author' is intended to refer to the author of some conceptual work (text, music), the relation 'columnHasType' should point to 'IntelligentAgent', since intelligent agents (usually people, organizations, or groups of people) are the only entities that can author conceptual works. That relation might point more specifically to 'Author' if it is intended that the values that are present in the column would all be instances of Type 'Author' (one who does not have to be a professional, but must have written a prose composition). If it is intended that the DatabaseTableColumn refer only to professional writers, this relation could point to 'Writer'. This relation will sometimes be unnecessary, as DatabaseColumns will be represented as relations, and most of the relations will have an explicit type as a constraint on the value. Specifying the type in those cases would be redundant. But in cases where the value in a cell is actually a list of values rather than a single value, this relation should be used to specify that the value is a list, so that it can be parsed and properly interpreted. Also, where the interpretation of the type of the value is intended to be more specific than the default type restriction on the relation, the increased specificity can be indicated by this relation. This relation corresponds to the 'Type' that is represented in some database schemas. NOTE: columnValuesHaveType is distinct from 'columnHasFormat', which specifies the physical data format (e.g. number, string) which a column in a particular database table has.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn . :columnValuesHaveUnit a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """columnValuesHaveUnit relates a DatabaseTableColumn to the UnitOfMeasure (if any) that is implied in the value expressed by the cell datum. Thus, if a column X is named 'Length' and its values are expected to be a length in meters, then the relation (columnValuesHaveUnit X meters) will hold true. Together with 'columnValuesHaveAttributeType' the exact meaning of a quantitative attribute will be expressed by the relations on the column.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range :UnitOfMeasure . :comboSymLoj a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """'comboSymLoj' points to a string that can be used as a 'combining symbol' in the Lojban language (an artificially constructed language expressing ideas in a logically precise form). Other combining symbols in other languages may be used. In English, the base dictionary form is often the combining form, but for many words the root is not the base dictionary form; for words ending in 'y' for example, the plurals are formed by removing the 'y' and adding 'ies' ('party' -> 'parties'). """ ; rdfs:label "Lojban combining form"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :commemorates :en "commemorates" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'commemorates' relates an Event (e.g. a 'CommemorationEvent', 'MemorialMarker' (large) or 'CommemorativeObject' (small) to the thing it commemorates: a person (as a grave marker) or Event (as a battle monument). This relation can also be used at the type level for PhysicalObjects, e.g. to indicate that a tombstone commemorates a Person. In the case of Events homoring a particular person, (such as a BirthdayParty) the relation 'hadHonoree' also applies - perhaps redundant? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CommemorativeObject :MemorialMarker :Commemorating :PhysicalObjectType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :Event :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isCommemoratedBy . :commonlyHasEventType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''commonlyHasEventType'' is the inverse of ''typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType'', used to associate ''TimeIntervalType''s with Events and Actions that may characteristically occur in that time interval. This relation places no necessary restriction on the time for such actions, only creates an association. """ ; rdfs:domain :TimeIntervalType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] . :compactedRelation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''compactedRelation'' itself has no logical signficance. This is used to failitate the *conversion* of the OWL version of COSMO to an FOL version, by pointing to the properties that would normally in FOL be represented by multiple-arity (greater than binary) relations. The specific ways in which the arguments of a multiple-arity relation are represented will be described in the notes to each subproperty. Where a ''TwoArgumentValue' is used, the relation using that will be a subproperty of ''compactedRelation''. """ . :concerning :en "concerning", "pertaining to" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'concerning' is a preposition that means 'in reference to' or 'pertaining to' introducing some topic. RHW: relating to; regarding; about: a discussion concerning foreign aid. """ . :conformsTo :ldoce "meet" ; :wnsense "conform1v", "meet5v" ; :wordnet "conform", "meet" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'conformsTo' relates an Event or EventType to some Specification ( a Rule or expectation); this allow one to say things like 'this action is legal' or 'this performance meets expectations'. The Event may be a StaticSituation (e.g. 'the room is properly arranged and equipped'. See also 'isInAccordanceWith' - difference?? For the notion of something (object, Event, Attribute) being satisfactory or satisfying some criterion, use 'isSatisfactoryForPurpose'. The closest Wordnet concept seems to be verb sense 1 of 'conform', though it is not clear to what that sense applies; verb sense 5 of 'meet' seems to be similar, and is included in this relation: in WordNet: 1. (2) conform - (be similar, be in line with) WN verb 'meet': 5. (18) meet, fit, conform to - (satisfy a condition or restriction; 'Does this paper meet the requirements for the degree?') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range :Specification . :conformsToShapeOf :ldoce "fit" ; :wnsense "fit7v" ; :wordnet "fit" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'conformsToShapeOf' relates physical objects, usually sheet-like, to SolidObjects that the domain Object can cover, with little leeway. This is mostly used to represent the 'fit' of clothing to a Person's body, i.e. the size of a piece of clothing is right for some person. But is may be used for other situations where one wants to cover an Object with a covering that is not too loose (for that specific circumstance). The domain includes types, so one can say that 'a size 7 dress fits Jane'. (or Jane fits into a size 7 dress). NOTE that the sense of 'fit' in 'this screw fits into this hole' is expressed by 'fitsInsideOf'. That relation is not an exact inverse relation to 'conformsToShapeOf', the meanings and usage diverge too far. This corresponds approximately to verb sense 7 of 'fit' in WordNet, and may be narrower in meaning: in WordNet: 7. (1) fit - (conform to some shape or size; 'How does this shirt fit?') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] . :connects :en "connects" ; :envs "connects" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''connects'' is a generic relation that expresses the notion that two or more things of any type - Object, TimeInterval, Event, AbstractThing - are connected in some way by the subject of the relation. (see ''Junction''). Too broad to specify domain or range. Can be used in conjunction with ''isBetween'' to specify that the thing in between touches both objects. """ . :consequently :ldoce "then", "therefore" ; :wnsense "accordingly1adv", "consequently1adv", "consequently2adv", "hence1adv", "then1adv", "thence3adv", "therefore2adv", "thus1adv" ; :wordnet "accordingly", "consequently", "hence", "then", "thence", "therefore", "thus" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: 'consequently' and 'therefore' may have subtle differences of meaning. @ToDo: how to differentiate? **NOTE that there is some overlap with adverb 'thereby' which relates ''Events'', the second of which is the consequence of (caused by) the first An adverb whose general sense is 'as a result' or 'as a logical implication'; The word 'then' in an 'if ... then' construction has this sense. This meaning of 'consequently' serves to indicate that some Event occured as a result of a previously mentioned Event. Linguistically, the term 'then' is often used synonymously. @ToDo: there is some difference between the 'if-then' usage and other uses of 'consequently' (which doesn't require an 'if'; these should be differentiated. The Adverb 'therefore' carries part of the meaning Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'consequently' and sense 2 of 'then' in WordNet and part of sense 1 of 'therefore': in WordNet: WN adverb 'therefore': 2. consequently, therefore - (as a consequence; 'he had good reason to be grateful for the opportunities which they had made available to him and which consequently led to the good position he now held') WN adverb 'then' 2. (117) then - (in that case or as a consequence; 'if he didn't take it, then who did?'; 'keep it then if you want to'; 'the case, then, is closed'; 'you've made up your mind then?'; 'then you'll be rich') WN adverb 'consequently': 1. (7) consequently, accordingly - ((sentence connectors) because of the reason given; 'consequently, he didn't do it'; 'continued to have severe headaches and accordingly returned to the doctor') WN adverb 'therefore': 1. (89) therefore, hence, thence, thus - ((used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result; 'therefore X must be true'; 'the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory'; 'we were young and thence optimistic'; 'it is late and thus we must go'; 'the witness is biased and so cannot be trusted') """ . :consistsMostlyOfSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """consistsMostlyOfSubstance relates physical objects or physical object types that have a relatively homogeneous spatial distribution of component substances to the substance(s) which form the dominant composition. If the component substance does not form a larger weight fraction than any other substance, the relation 'hasConstituentSubstance' should be used instead. Thus a drinking glass will be composed of glass, a lake of water, a structural I-beam of steel. In Cyc the 'substances' (or stuffs) were represented as objects made of a particular substance. In COSMO we distinguish the object from its composition, and this relation specifies, where it makes sense to do so, what the substance composition of particular objects is.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance ; owl:inverseOf :isTheMainConstituentSubstanceOf . :consistsOfManyOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """consistsOfMany relates a granular material consisting of multiple individual objects of the same type (e.g. sand), considered as a Substance, to the individual objects. This is similar to and a subproperty of 'hasUnitObject', but is restricted to granular materials, whereas the parent 'hasUnitObject' can be used to treat large quantities of any object as a substance. NOTE: to describe an Object consisting largely of many of a particular kind of Object, use relation ''containsManyOfObjectType''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObjectType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasUnitObject . :consistsOfSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """consistsOfSubstance relates physical objects or physical object types that have a relatively homogeneous spatial distribution of component substances to the substance of which the Object is composed. This is a subproperty of 'consistsMostlyOfSubstance' and to use this, the proportion of substance named should be at least 90% by weight or by volume, allowing for some contamination. Using this relation also implies that the PhysicalObject that is the subject of this relation is a HomogeneousObject, and can be divided into parts that are also of the same PhysicalSubstance.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :consistsMostlyOfSubstance, :partsHaveTypeInCommon . :consumes :en "consumes" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A subproperty of 'uses' relating a Device or device type a substance that the Device consumes (uses up, converting to a form it cannot reuse) in performing its intended function. This allows specifying what substances such as gasoline or diesel fuel are consumed by engines, and also allows specifying that organisms consume certain types of food or can consume substances even though they are not its normal food. The range includes ObjectType, so a manufacturing device that takes some objects as raw material can also be described using this relation.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType :ObjectType :Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :MeasurableQuantityType :MeasurableQuantity ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :uses . :consumesSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''consumesSubstance'' is a subproperty of ''consumesSubstance'' indicating that an Event not only required some ''SubstanceType'' for its occurring, but also caused some chemical change to some part of that substance that was used. Just dirtying a substance,as happens in using oil as a lubricant, does not qualify for this relation. The drying of Paint after application is an example, as it is not merely a state change, but does change the chemical bonds in some constituents of the paint. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :usedSubstance . :containedExperience a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'containedExperience' points from a MentalEvent to some MentalObject that formed the experience (if any) that the experiencer experienced (if the mental event was an experience event). Examples of experience types that may be pointed to by this relation are 'Belief' and 'Emotion'. It is in the past tense, as Events in COSMO are considered as bounded in time, and must be in the past after the end point. NOTE: this relation might better be represented by an argument in a ternary relation, but is binary to accommodate the limitations of OWL.""" ; rdfs:domain :MentalEvent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalObject :MentalEvent ) ] . :contains :en "contains" ; :ldoce "contain" ; :wnsense "contain1n", "contain2n" ; :wordnet "contain" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """contains is a very general relation that specifies that some PhysicalObject or PhysicalSubstance is contained, in some way, in the subject entity. The subject entity does not have to be a Container (the contained object(s) may be adsorbed the 'containing' object). For the 'containment' relation between AbstractSymbolicObject's (texts, documents, strings) use 'containsSymbolicObject' or its inverse 'isContainedInObject'. @ToDo: needs review for relationship to substance containment (substances may not be needed here). This may be too hetereogeneous. NOTE that a Region of space can also 'contain' something. NOTE that this differs from 'isLocatedAt' in that the containment relation requires that the thing contained is not a part of the containing thing. Thus one PhysicalObject can contain another PhysicalObject only if the containing PhysicalObject has a cavity of some kind. This restriction does not hold for the general 'isLocatedAt' relation. However, 'contains' does not include Events as either subject or object. For Events, use 'occurredAt'. As a generic 'contains' relation, this relation will also include the 'containment' of Substances by PhysicalObjects. The relation on Substances is more properly handled by the specific substance relations 'hasConstituentSubstance' and 'containsSubstance' This 'contains' relation is more generic, to accommodate the ambiguous linguistic 'contains' assertion, to provide a direct conceptual definition of that notion. OBO_REL: 'contains' is similar to this relation, but has some differences OBO documentation for OBO rel 'contained_in': OBO Definition: C contained_in C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c located_in c' at t, and it is not the case that c *overlaps* c' at t. (c' is a conduit or cavity.) OBO Comments: Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition above) Includes to senses 1 and 2 of 'contain' in WordNet: 1. (119) incorporate, contain, comprise - (include or contain; have as a component; 'A totally new idea is comprised in this paper'; 'The record contains many old songs from the 1930's') 2. (39) hold, bear, carry, contain - (contain or hold; have within; 'The jar carries wine'; 'The canteen holds fresh water'; 'This can contains water') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :PhysicalObject :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GenericContainer :PhysicalSubstance :InformationBearingThing :SubstanceType :ObjectType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GroupType :ObjectType :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :FractionalComponentSubstance :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance :SubstanceDensity ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isContainedIn . :containsAbstractSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'containsAbstractSubstance' is a specialized relation that relates things (physical or abstract object, or Events) to some abstract substance(s) which form some part of the composition of the object or region or Event. An 'abstract substance' is an abstraction of the notion of a PhysicalSubstance, and is a subtype of GenericSubstance (includig Energy). One example is 'Money', considered in COSMO as a substance that makes up the abstract component of a MoneyObject. Another example is ''Energy'', and abstract substance that can be contained in certain Events such as WavePropagation. Other abstract substances can be imagined, that may compose abstract objects, but as of rev1615 abstract substances other than Money and Energy are not defined. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :GenericSubstance :EnergyType :Energy ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaConstituentSubstanceOf . :containsChemicalElement a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'containsChemicalElement' is used to specify that some particular substance necessarily contains within it some specific 'ChemicalElement' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentSubstance . :containsCode a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """containsCode points from a CodeList to one of the Codes it contains. The ontology name for each Code will not be the same as the CodeString that the Code (a list) will contain, because of the great redundancy of code strings, especially the numerical ones. As a convention, the default will be to use a 'namespace' prefix (or suffix) with some small number of letters indicating which code list the Code is from.""" ; rdfs:domain :CodeList ; rdfs:range :Code ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasListElement . :containsCodeDescription a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """containsCodeDescription points from a Code to a description of the meaning of the CodeString. The description may be the name of an entity in the database, or may be a free text describing the meaning of the code in non-formatted language. The description may be simply an expansion of the CodeString, which might be an abbreviated form of he actual entity coded.""" ; rdfs:domain :Code ; rdfs:range :CodeDescription ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasListElement . :containsCodeString a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """containsCodeString points from a Code to the CodeString it contains. The actual code used in a database, form, or application will not be the same as the CodeString that the Code (a list) will contain, because of the great redundancy of code strings, especially the numerical ones. As a convention, the default will be to use a 'CodeListPrefix' (a namespace prefix or suffix) with some small number of letters indicating which code list the Code is from. To find the actual code string used, the datatype relation 'representsCode' is used to point to a dataype string that is the code itself, without the prefix. The prefix itself will be specified by the relation 'hasUniquePrefix', which will be a string of characters that should be unique in the ontology.""" ; rdfs:domain :Code ; rdfs:range :CodeString ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasListElement . :containsManyOfObjectType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''containsManyOfObjectType'' relates an Object consisting of multiple individual objects of the same type, but which is being viewed as an ''Object'' not a 'GenericSubstance''. The Object can be Physical or Abstract. An example is a ''Cocoon'' which contains many ''Fiber''s (objects). This complements the relation ''consistsOfManyOf'' to describe Objects that have many similar parts. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObjectType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasUnitObject ; owl:inverseOf :isaComponentObjectOf . :containsObjects :en "contains", "includes", "incorporates" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """containsObjects is a specialization of 'contains' that points to an ObjectGroup that is contained in some aggregate entity or region. This relation allows the definition of some Group of PhysicalObjects and relating it to another entity where that group is 'contained' in some sense, without being part of the containing thing. A System can contain other Systems (which contain objects), so the range includes System """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectGroup :FunctionalSystem :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :spatiallyContains . :containsSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """containsSubstance is a specialization of hasConstituentSubstance and specifies that the subject is (or has as a part) a container in which some quantity of the object is contained. NOTE that to be 'contained' in COSMO, the contained substance or object cannot be part of the containing thing. This relation specifically negates the possibility that the subject is a PhysicalObject with a uniform distribution of some PhysicalSubstance throughout its 'convex hull'.. NOTE that In Cyc the 'substances' (or stuffs) were represented as objects made of a particular substance. In COSMO we distinguish the object from its composition, and this relation specifies, where it makes sense to do so, what the substance composition of particular objects is.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Region :Place ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :contains . :containsSymbolicObject a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """containsSymbolicObject specifies that some ''Object' including ''AbstractSymbolicObject''s (such as a text) as well as ''PhysicalObject''s contains some ''AbstractSymbolicObject''or Physical ''SymbolicObject''. This relation may be used to specify that some type of text must always contain an instance of another type of text, or that some ''PhysicalObject'' has some .''SymbolicObject'' on it. NOTE that this is not a subproperty of 'contains' because this does not imply that the 'containing' Object is a 'container'; also the definition of 'contains' requires that the contained thing is not a part of the containing thing. This is closer to 'hasProperPart', and for this symbolic 'containment', we allow the contained thing to be a part of the containing thing. Perhaps the label should not have 'contains' as a part? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :AbstractSymbolicObject :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractSymbolicObject :SymbolicObject :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isContainedInObject . :contradicts :en "contradicts" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """''contradicts'' relates two Propositions or Assertions that are LogicallyContradictory to each other. areContradictory NOTE that a Group of Propositions is also a ''Proposition''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Assertion :PropositionType :Proposition ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Assertion :PropositionType :Proposition ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :contradicts . :contrastsWith :en "contrasts with", "is not a", "not" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'contrastsWith' relates one attribute to another attribute that has some contrasting quality with the first, but is not necessarily a semantic 'opposite' For attributes that are opposite, use the subrelation 'isTheOppositeOf'. There is a hub-and-spoke structure to certain core attributes and related attribute, and the notion of 'contrast' may be more lexical than conceptual. This relation tries to capture the common cases of contrasts.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeTypeType :AttributeType :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeTypeType :AttributeType :AttributeValueType ) ] . :contributedCausallyTo :en "conduces to", "contributed to", "helped cause", "helps cause", "is conducive to", "leads to", "led to", "was a factor in" ; :wnsense "contribute3v" ; :wordnet "contribute" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''contributesCausallyTo'' specifies that something of any type (e.g. having a specific attribute, a prior Event, the presence of something, the context) may, in combination with other things, cause an Event to occur. It may be the primary cause or a secondary cause (in which case it would not cause the specified Event by itself). For cases where the effect is usually or always caused by a prkor Event, use 'causes' or 'alwaysCauses'. This is aproximately equivalent to the WN verb 'contribute' sense 3: in WordNet: 3. (13) contribute, lead, conduce - (be conducive to; 'The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing') """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event :WaveType :Wave :ProcessType :PhysicalProcess ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hadCausalFactor . :controls :en "controls" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'controls' allows specifying what kinds of things that a GenericAgent (including organizations and certain Objects that have agent-like actions) may control; the 'control' does not have to be total: this means only that the agent can have some significant effect on the thing controlled.. The subtypes of genericAgent will control different kinds of things. The range is unspecified, as it may be any of many things. NOTE that a ''Supervisor'' 'typicallyManages'' subordinate(s), and is included as a subproperty """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :PhysicalObject :ObjectType :ProcessType :FictionalCharacter :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :ableToAffect ; owl:inverseOf :isControlledBy . :controlsManually :en "controls by hand", "controls manually" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''controlsManually'' is a more specific subproperty of ''controls'', specifying that the controlling is performed (by Person) by manipulating something with the hands. The 'something' can be a Device (e.g. a car) or an animal (some ;;RiddenAnimalType''). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :controls ; owl:inverseOf :isTypicallyControlledBy . :convincedAgentToAction :en "motivated", "prompted" ; :ldoce "because", "cause", "get", "make", "why" ; :wnsense "cause2v", "get10v", "induce2v", "make4v" ; :wordnet "cause", "get", "induce", "make" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'convincedAgentToAction' is a subproperty of 'hadMentalEffect' in which the Effect is a MentalEvent, or some Action resulting from a MentalEvent that was caused by the first argument. This is an aggregate relation, which should be a tertiary relation of the form {?Event convinced ?Agent toDo ?Action}. Because of the binary relation limitation of OWL, this is compressed into a binary relation in which the second argument is an Action that specifies a specific Action performed by some specific Agent. To determine the Agent that was convinced by the Event of argument1, it will be necessary to extract the Agent from the Action instance. This relation expresses the notion of something (a PersistentState, a physical Event or some social Event such as a discussion) convincing someone to think something, believe something, to feel some emotion, or to do some action. NOTE that causing someone to believe something is a subproperty represented by 'causedToBelieve'. NOTE: the things that can be caused are varied, and the things that can cause people to think or do things are also quite varied. This relationship is expressed linguistically in a number of different ways: P did Y because of Z Z caused P to do Y Z induced P to do Y Z made P do Y Z got P to do Y see also related elements: hasPurpose hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires Benefit -st- Sake NOTE: The formation of a Goal or Intention can also be motivated by Events, indeed 'convincing an agent to Action' implies causing formation of a Goal and Intention. (perhaps this relation should also imply a relation such as 'createdGoalInAgent' - not represented yet). But Goals are mental Objects that reference possible future states (which would be the states intended to arise as the result of the Action pointed to by 'convincedAgentToAction'). @ToDo: should link 'Goal' somehow - how? Here also here are multiple elements that are best represented by a multiple-arity relation. NOTE that although this relation name indicates 'Action', the 'Action' can be a strictly mental event (even a stative Event) such as believing something or having some emotional reaction such as fear or eager anticipation. This relation (or more specifically its subproperty 'causedToBelieve') can be used to express the results of some action taken by one person or organization to persuade someone else to believe something. The causative Event, however, need not be a deliberate attempt at persuasion; some natural event can persuade people to believe something or to take action, and this relation can be broadly utilized to express, for example, that some astronomical event convinced a scientist that some physical law is true; or that some natural disaster convinced people to move their residence. NOTE that this is an instance-level relation, and cannot be used to state that some type of Event typically or always causes some type of mental effect. For the type-level relation use 'causesMentalEvent'. The agent may be extracted by a chained relation: Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'cause', sense 4 of 'make'sense 10 of 'get' and sense 2 of 'induce' in WordNet; the phrase 'moved him to . . .' can also be a linguistic expression of this notion; see also the subproperty 'convincedAgentToAction': in WordNet: 2. (46) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :MentalObject :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :FunctionalProcess :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadMentalEffect, :mayConvinceAgentToAction ; owl:inverseOf :wasMotivatedBy . :correspondsToDB_Column a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """correspondsToDB_Table relates some concept in the ontology to a DatabaseTableColumn name. Commonly, a concept represented as a DatabaseTableColumn will be a relation (Property) or AttributeType in the ontology.""" ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTableColumn ; owl:inverseOf :columnCorrespondsToRelation . :correspondsToDB_Subtable a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """correspondsToDB_Subtable relates some concept in the ontology to a portion of a DatabaseTable, consisting of some subset of the records (rows), and possibly also some subset of the columns. This relation is used when a DatabaseTable is used to represent more than one Type in an ontology. The records that represent the Type must be recognizable by the value in some field in the whole DatabaseTable. For example, a table that represents the characteristics of both people and non-human animals might have a special field labeled 'BorH', which distinguishes humans from Beasts (non-human animals), and for humans, the value in that field would be 'H', and for Beasts the value would be 'B'. There might be colums that are not used for Beast, and likewise columns not used for Human. Certain fields may be used for both Types, but the meaning of the field may differ depending on the type.""" ; rdfs:range :DatabaseSubtable . :correspondsToDB_Table a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """correspondsToDB_Table relates some concept in the ontology to a DatabaseTable. Commonly, a concept represented as a DatabaseTable will be a Type in the ontology.""" ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTable ; owl:inverseOf :tableCorrespondsToEntity . :correspondsToEntityInContext a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """points from one entity in the COSMO ontology to another entity in some named Context within which the entity in the Context has a direct equivalance to the ontology entity is the subject of the triple. This permits the ad hoc definition of a Context within which reasoning can occur. This relation is inherently ternary, and should be elaborated when Ternary relations are represented. See also the relations on Databases - such as 'correspondsToTable' Together with the relation 'isDefinedInContext' it is possible to create ad hoc (or map) a set of terms that are synonymous with entities in the COSMO (or an extension) and perform reasoning only on terms within that Context. This contemplates at least two scenarios: (1) some previous conceptual classification is imported, and because of name clashes, is given its own namespace, which is defined as a Context. For those names that clash, the entity in the imported Context is given a namespace prefix to keep it unique within the overall ontology. The reasoning engine should then reason only within a given Context. (2) To make a subset of the overall ontology for efficiency purposes, a Context can be defined and each entity in the overall ontology that is needed in the new dcontext will be related to that Context by this relation ('correspondsToEntityInContext'). The reasoning engine will then be able to recognize a Context within which reasoning and inference can be confined.""" . :correspondsToTableColumn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """correspondsToTableColumn relates some relation in the ontology to some individual specific column in a DatabaseTable. NOTE that this is a mapping of a relation, not an entity - for entity mappings, use 'correspondsToDB_Column'. If the same attribute of some entity is represented in more than one column accessible to the ontology application, it will be necessary to use the 'hasIdenticalField' relation to be sure that the intention for both of those to be identical is recognized.""" . :correspondsToTableColumns a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """correspondsToTableColumns relates some concept in the ontology to a set of specific columns in a DatabaseTable. This can be used when a complex table represents more than one entity, or even when the representation of an entity is spread out over multiple tables or multiple databases. Since each DatabaseTableColumn has a unique name in the ontology, this relation can be used to be sure that all of the attributes and relations of an entity, even though scattered over multiple databases, can be found and accessed from that entity's representation in the ontology. (@ToDo - needs more detail to identify the parts of a higher-arity relation) NOTE that this relation relates types, not relations, to table coumns. To relate relations use 'correspondsToTableColumn', a relation that requires a Property metaclass as an argument restriction. One common situation that could use this relation is where a measurement is represented in two fields in a table, one being the magnitude (a number) and the other being the unit of measure. This relation will point from a measure Type to those two columns. The distinction of the two columns will require additional relations from the quantifier and unit of measure representations in the ontology to the correct columns. If the same attribute of some entity is represented in more than one column accessible to the ontology application, it will be necessary to use the 'hasIdenticalField' relation to be sure that the intention for both of those to be identical is recognized.""" ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTableColumn . :could :ldoce "could" ; a :LogicalFunction, :ModalAuxVerb ; rdfs:comment """The modal auxiliary verb that expresses some conditional state, past, present, or future. 'coulda, shoulda, woulda.' """ . :coulombs :en "coulombs" ; :wnsense "coulomb1n" ; :wordnet "coulomb" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to the plural of noun sense 1 of 'coulomb' in WordNet: 1. coulomb, C, ampere-second - (a unit of electrical charge equal to the amount of charge transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second) """ . :createsObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'isCreatedByArtifact', points from an Object or ObjectType to the Object or ObjectType (or SubstanceType) that is produced or can be produced by that Object.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :DeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :Object ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isCreatedByArtifact . :createsOrEntailsRightOrObligation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """points from an Event or EventType, or from a ''LegalDocument'' or ''DocumentType'' to the ''Right'' or RightType that is produced or can be produced by that Event or is entailed by that LegalDocument. For example, ''Ownership'' creates a ''PropertyRight''. This relation can also point to some type of ''Event'' (e.g. a PersistentState) that is required by the subject (e.g. a ''Rule'') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event :DocumentType :LegalDocument :LegalDocument-Abstract :Law :Rule :ControllingAuthority ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Right :RightType :Obligation :SpecificationType :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isCreatedOrEntailedBy . :crossesAbove :ldoce "across" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """crossesAbove relates one physicalObject to another PhysicalObject over which the first spans. This is one sense of 'across' and this specific sense requires that the object crossing over (above in the gravitational field) the second object is *not* in touch with the second object at most points. This is the 'spanning' sense of a bridge over a river. For the sense of something crossing over and touching another object,use 'liesAcross'. This does **not** include the motion sense of something moving over a thing, like an airplane over a region..""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isOverheadOf ; owl:inverseOf :isSpannedBy . :daily :en "once a day", "once per day" ; :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :Day ; :hasUnit :perDay ; :ldoce "daily" ; :wnsense "daily2adj" ; :wordnet "daily" ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """A Frequency measure meaning once per day. If more than once, the phrase 'twice daily' etc. would need to be used. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 2 of 'daily' in WordNet: 2. (7) daily - (measured by the day or happening every day; 'a daily newspaper'; 'daily chores'; 'average daily wage'; 'daily quota') """ . :days :en "days" ; a :UnitOfTime . :daysOld a :UnitOfMeasure . :degen_Boot :hasFrequencyOfUse "0.5"^^xsd:float ; :hasSynonymousTerm "boat"^^xsd:string ; :isDefinedInContext :GermanLanguage ; :isUsedInLanguage :GermanLanguage ; a :Synonym ; rdfs:comment """In the Geman general colloquial context, 'Boot' (das Boot) can specify any watercraft with a hull, no matter how large or small.""" . :degrees :en "degrees" ; a :UnitOfMeasure . :degreesC :en "degrees Celcius" ; a :UnitOfMeasure . :degreesF :en "degrees Fahrenheit" ; a :UnitOfMeasure . :degreesK :en "degrees Kelvin" ; a :UnitOfMeasure . :delta a :GreekCharacter . :demands :en "demands", "demands chooosing between", "requires chooosing between" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'demands' is a relation between an instances of some Event, and the need to choose between two alternative courses of Action. 'demands' is a subproperty of 'mayCause' and this means that the Event 'demanding a choice does not necessarily always *cause* that choice - the reaction of the potential chooser is not predictable. Doing nothing is always an option, though it may have bad consequences. This is ued to represent a ''Dilemma''. """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range :SelectingBetween ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :mayCause . :depictsObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'depictsObject' relates an Image (abstract or physical) to something visible (Object or Event) that is depicted (anywhere) in the image at some resolution; in a pixelated image it must be at least one pixel in size. There is no limit on the number of things that can be depicted in an Image""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DepictingInWords :PhysicalImage :AbstractImage ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DepictedObject :PhysicalObjectType :Event :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isDepictedByImagePart . :depictsObjectType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasObjectType' is a specialized relation for the type 'AbstractImageComponent', specifying the type of Object that is depicted; this is useful when the instance of 'DepictedObject' is not actually an instance of some Object, but merely resembles some Object (as in images that are created artistically) """ ; rdfs:domain :AbstractImageComponent ; rdfs:range :ObjectType . :describes :en "describes" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ describes relates a document or AbstractString or Specification or Proposition or Theory to some term or word or PossibleWorld that is defined or described in that information structure. This relation can also be used to relate one ''Name'' or ''Label'' to another that labels the same thing. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Message :AbstractText :Specification :Proposition :Name :Label :PropositionType :Theory ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :mentionsTopic . :desires :en "desires", "wants" ; :ldoce "desire", "want" ; :wnsense "desire1v", "want1v", "want3v" ; :wordnet "desire", "want" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """desires relates an IntentionalAgent to either (1) some future situation that the agent wants to happen, or to be (statically), or to persist (if it already exists); or (2) some object that the agent wants to possess. This relation aggregates desires as situations and objects to accommodate the corresponding ambiguous meaning of the linguistic 'desire' and 'want' For the case of wanting an **object**, use the more specific 'wants'. An Agent may desire that some current situation continue as it is, so this relation does not imply that the desired situation does not already exist. In such a case, what would be 'desired' is the event in which the current state persists for some interval of time into the future. NOTE that this relation is highly time-sensitive and makes sense only when specified at some reference time point. At present (v0.3) higher-arity relations are not represented in COSMO, and this time reference is absent. SUMO: (desires ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT wants to bring about the state of affairs expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that there is no implication that what is desired by the agent is not already true. Note too that desires is distinguished from wants only in that the former is a PropositionalAttitude, while wants is an ObjectAttitude. This relation captures some of the meaning of verb sense 1 of 'desire' in WordNet. see also 'Desire' the DirectedFeeling that also carries the sense of 'desiring something'. NOTE: ******** Related elements in the ontology are: ****** ''Goal'', ''Purpose'', ''DesiredFutureSituation'', ''GoalSituation'' , ''desires'', ''Intention''. Whether one uses: hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasPurpose hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires . . . . Depends on whether one wants to represent the Intentions of an Agent, an Agent's goal for a specific action, or just the state desired or just an object desired. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'want' in WordNet: 1. (1242) desire, want - (feel or have a desire for; want strongly; 'I want to go home now'; 'I want my own room') 3. (12) want - (wish or demand the presence of; 'I want you here at noon!') """ ; rdfs:domain :IntentionalAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThing :ValuableThingType :PhysicalObject :ObjectType :FutureSituation ) ] . :desiresSituation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :desires . :detects :en "detects" ; :guid "bdf6d18b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This relates a 'Sensor' (biological or artifactual) to the thing, phenomenon. substance, or property that it can detect. The range is too broad to limit. A Sensor can detect light, generally (photodetector) or patterns of light (e.g. scenes); or sounds, or motion, or force, or chemical substances, or anything else that can be detected. CYC comment:(#$detects SENSOR STUFF) means that instance SENSOR of #$Sensor has detected STUFF. Be mindful of the difference between #$detects and #$perceives; only #$Agents perceive, which is (partially) accomplished through the detection process via some #$Sensors to which they are related. So, for example, you are a perceiver, but your ears (or perhaps your auditory sense system as a whole) are detectors. Only tangible things, #$PhysicalEvents or #$PartiallyTangibles, can be detected""" ; rdfs:domain :Sensor . :did :en "did" ; :isaLabelFor :PerformingSomeAction ; a :LogicalFunction . :died :en "died", "died in", "died on", "passed away" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'died' specifies when a LifeForm (usually an Organism) died (ceased to be Alive). If One only knows that a Person was dead by a certain date, it is possible to create a DateTime as value and fill the relation 'hasEndingTimePoint' with that date; this implies that the interval during which a Person died was somewhere between the BeginningOfTime and that DateTime. For the attribute of someone who died, use ''Dead''. """ ; rdfs:domain :LifeForm ; rdfs:range :TimeInterval . :different :wnsense "different1dj" ; :wordnet "different" ; a :Adjective, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'different' is an Adjective that does not assign an AttributeValue, but instantiates an Assertion of Difference between two or more entities.. See also QualitativeAttribute ''Unlike''. Corresponds to adjective sense 4 of 'different' in WordNet: 1. (101) different - (unlike in nature or quality or form or degree; 'took different approaches to the problem'; 'came to a different conclusion'; 'different parts of the country'; 'on different sides of the issue'; 'this meeting was different from the earlier one') """ . :differently :ldoce "otherwise" ; :wnsense "differently1adv", "otherwise2adv" ; :wordnet "differently", "otherwise" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'differently' is an adverb whose general sense is 'in a manner different' (from that previously mentioned), but it is used in different context than is the similar 'otherwise' .. In the Random House Webster it corresponds to sense 2 of 'otherwise', and is used with verbs like 'think' and 'believe' and 'know' as well as verbs like 'act' or 'behave' 2. in another manner; differently: Under the circumstances, I can't believe otherwise. In WordNet it corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'differently' and sense 2 of 'otherwise': in WordNet: 2. (7) differently, otherwise, other than - (in another and different manner; 'very soon you will know differently'; 'she thought otherwise'; 'there is no way out other than the fire escape') """ . :dimensional :en "dimensional" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure for a Dimensionality attribute. The Quantifier will be a positive number, usually an integer.""" . :dimensionless a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure for a number, which may be a limit (e.g. > 3, lessThan 5). This is included as a 'UnitOfMeasure' for cases where a measurement may actually be measuring a Ratio of commensurate units. """ . :directly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Direct ; :wnsense "direct1adv", "directly1adv" ; :wordnet "direct", "directly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb of manner of ''Motion'' whose general sense is 'proceeding by the shortest path, without deviating and without intervening stops'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'directly' in WordNet: 1. (30) directly, straight, direct - (without deviation; 'the path leads directly to the lake'; 'went direct to the office') """ . :directlySupervises a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'directlySupervises' relates a Supervisor to the People she/he supervises. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Supervisor :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :typicallyManages ; owl:inverseOf :isSupervisedBy . :displaysInformation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'displaysInformation' is a specialized relation, relating a 'DisplayDevice' to the type of information it displays. The information that is displayed can be any of many types so is not (as of rev921) restricted by a 'domain' restriction. NOTE that for the case of a DisplayDevice, the information displayed is not necessarily received by any particular Person, so that kind of 'transfer' relation is not represented by the special relation 'hadInformationTransferred'. When a DisplayDevice is observed, the Event *can* be an 'InformationTransferEvent' and in such a case the fact that the information transferred is the same as the information displayed will have to be handled by a rule in the FOL version: @ToDo. """ ; rdfs:domain :DisplayDevice . :disposesToAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''disposesToAction'' is a subproperty of ''isaTendencyToPerformAction' that relates an instance of ''PersonalityType'' (subtype of ''PersonTraitValue'') to the type of Action that a person (or, metaphorically, an animal) with that ''PersonTraitValue'' are likely to perform (at least with some probability significantly higher than those things without that tendency). In some cases a Feeling (an instance of ''FeelingType'') may also dispose to an Action, so ''FeelingType'' is included as a Domain. This relation has the subproperty ''disposesToFeeling'' that more specifically relates a person with a certain ''PersonTraitValue'' to a subtype of ''Feeling'' that that person tends to have (more than most). See also ''isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute'' for the relationship between Traits and the more fleeting corresponding AttributeValues. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :PersonalityType :PersonalityTraitType :FeelingType :ObjectType :PersonTraitValue :Feeling :Motive ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaTendencyToPerformAction . :disposesToFeeling a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''disposesToFeeling'' is a subproperty of ''disposesToAction'' that relates an instance of ''PersonalityType'' (subtype of ''PersonTraitValue'') to the type of Feeling (a subtype of ''Action'') that a person (or, metaphorically, an animal) with that ''PersonTraitValue'' are likely to experience (at least with some probability significantly higher than those things without that tendency). See also ''isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute'' for the relationship between Traits and the more fleeting corresponding AttributeValues. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :PersonalityType :PersonalityTraitType :PersonTraitValue ) ] ; rdfs:range :FeelingType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaTendencyToPerformAction . :do :en "do" ; :isaLabelFor :PerformingSomeAction ; a :LogicalFunction . :doesNotContainSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''doesNotContainSubstance'' is a specialization of the very broad ''lacks'' relation, specifically having ''SubstanceType''s (i.e. substances) as its range. NOTE that In Cyc the 'substances' (or stuffs) were represented as objects made of a particular substance. In COSMO we distinguish the object from its composition, and this relation specifies, where it makes sense to do so, a restrictions on what the substance composition of particular objects is.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance :Region :Place :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :lacks . :doesNotHavePart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'doesNotHavePart' is a relation that specifies that the subject does not include the object as part, although other restrictions on the subject and object may not exclude such an interpretation. This relation is not confined to relating parts of PhysicalObjects to the wholes, but can apply to almost any kind of thing (including Events) that can be said to have parts. When the subject and object are of disjoint types, this can require rules to interpret properly. In one use, it specifies that an 'OuterSpaceRegion' (a region of space) is not part of the Earth: strictly speaking regions may be parts of other regions, but are not usually considered as being 'part' of a PhysicalObject. When used in the negative with this relation,it is a shorthand for saying that no part of the PhysicalObject (e.g. Earth) is contained in the region specified (e.g. OuterSpace). Therefore this relation, if not specialized, requires rules to make the meanings more explicit - still @ToDo as of rev871. Rules should also specify that this is a disjoint relation with 'hasPart'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialThing :Object :GenericAgent :Group :Event :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :EventType :ObjectType :Region :Place ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialThing :Object :GenericAgent :Group :Event :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :EventType :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isNotaPartOf . :doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute :en "is not", "isn't" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''doesNotHaveQualitativeAttribute'' is used to specify ''QualitativeAttributeValue''s that an Object or Substance does *not* have. This would be superfluous in an FOL implementation, as it can be expressed by prefixing a 'not' to the relation ''has QualitativeAttribute''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :GenericSubstance :Object :GeometricFigure :Event :Group :ObjectType :EventType :AgentType :SubstanceType :GroupType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :QualitativeAttributeType . :doesNotPerformAction :en "does not do", "does not perform action" ; :env "does do", "does not perform action" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''doesNotPerformAction'' is an ObjectProperty that relates an Agent or AgentType to some Action or ActionType that the Agent does not perform, whether because of an inability or a refusal or a preference not to. In an FOL implementation this might be superfluous, as the meaning could be represented by putting a 'not' in front of the ''performsAction'' relation. In an FOL imlementation this may be eliminated if it presents an unnecessary buren on inference. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType :SubstanceType :Device :DeviceType :Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :FeelingType ) ] . :dollars :en "USD", "bucks", "dollars" ; :ldoce "dollar" ; :wnsense "dollar1n" ; :wordnet "dollar" ; a :CurrencyUnit, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure for the US dollar. Its value relative to other currencies varies with time. For other currency 'dollars', a different unit is needed - this is USA only. Other 'dollar' currencies will have different labels. Corresponds to *part* (for USD) of noun sense 1 of 'dollar' in Wordnet: 1. (23) dollar - (the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents) """ . :dollarsCanadian :en "Canadian dollars" ; :wnsense "Canadian dollar1n" ; :wordnet "Canadian dollar" ; a :CurrencyUnit, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure for the 'CanadianDollar', close to the value of the US dollar. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'Canadian dollar' in WordNet: 1. Canadian dollar - (the basic unit of money in Canada) """ . :dunno :en "dunno" ; :hasComponentElement :ENG_know ; :isTheResultOf :Asking ; a :AnswerPhrase ; rdfs:comment """An informal contraction for \" I don't know \". RHW phrase 'dunno': don't know: Who did it? I dunno! """ . :during :ldoce "during" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'during X' that means 'within the TimeInterval when X happened' or 'within the time interval X'. In COSMO OWL version, the meaning of 'during' is usually specified by the use of the class 'TimeSlice' - to assert that something was true in some TimeInterval, one may have the subject be an instance of TimeSlice, or the value be an instance of TimeSlice, and fill in the starting and ending time values on that instance of TimeSlice. RHW: This corresponds to either of preposition senses 1 or 2 of 'during' in RHW: 1. throughout the duration, continuance, or existence of: He lived in Florida during the winter. 2. at some time or point in the course of: They departed during the night. See also 'Throughout' for a similar meaning but that requires that the Event cover the whole interval, not only part of the interval of the object of the preposition, which is the maning of this preposition see also ''before'' """ . :early :ldoce "early" ; :wnsense "early1adv" ; :wordnet "early" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'during the first temporal part of some event'. The adjective is related but separate, being an AttributeValue. For the sense of 'early in the morning' use 'earlyInTheMorning'; for 'early for an Event' use 'aheadOfTheScheduledTime' In the Random House Webster 'early' has 4 distinguished senses: 1. in or during the first part of a period of time, a course of action, a series of events, etc.: early in the year. 2. in the early part of the morning: to get up early. 3. before the usual or appointed time; ahead of time: They came early and found their hosts still dressing. 4. far back in time: The Greeks early learned to sail and navigate. 5. early on, with but little time elapsed; early in the course of a process, project, etc.; early in the game. This sense corresponds to WordNet sense 1 and RHW sense 1 of 'early'. WordNet has 3 senses, corresponding respectively to RHW senses 1, 3, and 2: in WordNet: 1. (19) early on, early - (during an early stage; 'early on in her career') 2. (6) early, ahead of time, too soon - (before the usual time or the time expected; 'she graduated early'; 'the house was completed ahead of time') 3. (1) early, betimes - (in good time; 'he awoke betimes that morning') """ . :earlyInTheMorning :ldoce "early" ; :wnsense "early3adv" ; :wordnet "early" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """An adverb specifying that an Event took place (or usually takes place) in the early part of the daylight hours, before 8 AM, and usually before 7 AM; For other senses of 'early' see 'early' and 'aheadOfTheScheduledTime'. Linguistically, this sense may be signalled by phrases such as 'got up early' or 'early in the morning' or 'early that morning'. When times before sunrise are intended, there is usually other indicative words: 'in the wee hours of the morning'; 'before sunrise'. This sense corresponds to RHW sense 2 of 'early' but only to part of WordNet sense 3: . RHW 'early': 2. in the early part of the morning: to get up early. in WordNet: WN 'early': 3. (1) early, betimes - (in good time; 'he awoke betimes that morning') """ . :effectively :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Effective ; :wnsense "effectively1adv", "efficaciously1adv" ; :wordnet "effectively", "efficaciously" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''effectively'' is an adverb describing the degree to which an Action accomplishes its objective, asserting that it did accomplish the intended result. Some overlap with ''successfully''. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'effectively' in WordNet: 1. (13) efficaciously, effectively - (in an effective manner; 'these are real problems that can be dealt with most effectively by rational discussion') """ . :eh :en "eh" ; a :Interjection ; rdfs:comment """''eh'' is an Interjection expressing lack of interest or boredom, approximately the same as saying 'ho-hum' in response to some information. """ . :eight :hasCardinalityNumber "8"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "8"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "eight" ; :wnsense "eight1adj" ; :wordnet "eight" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'eight' takes a type and returns a Group containing eight instances of that type. Though not in the list of words, 'eight' is used in Longman definitions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eight' in WordNet: 1. (37) eight, 8, viii -- (being one more than seven) """ . :either :ldoce "either" ; :wnsense "either1adv" ; :wordnet "either" ; a :Adjective, :Adverb, :LogicalFunction, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """This entry does not differentiate the different sense sof 'either' and is a placeholder for a more detailed representation. In most uses, it references two entities that are mentioned in the sentence with 'either', or have been mentioned or implied previously in the discourse - and asserts that both entities will fulfill some criterion. As a pronoun it means 'one of (two)' or 'one of them' - 'either of the routes will get you there'; 'you can use either'. As adjective this is one sense: one or the other (of two things). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'either' in RHW: 1. one or the other of two: You may sit at either end of the table. As a conjunction, used in the 'either . . . or' construction, it is represented by 'EitherOr' in COSMO. This also corresponds to sense 5 of 'either' in RHW: 5. also; too; as well; to the same degree (used after negative clauses coordinated by and, or, or nor, or after negative subordinate clauses): He's not fond of parties, and I'm not either. If you don't come, she won't come either) As an adverb it corresponds to adverb sense 1 *(the only sense) in WordNet: 1. (10) either - (after a negative statement used as an intensive meaning something like 'likewise' or 'also'; 'he isn't stupid, but he isn't exactly a genius either'; 'I don't know either'; 'if you don't order dessert I won't either') """ . :elements :en "elements" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure for a Cardinality attribute. The Quantifier will be a positive integer, possibly with a 'greater than' or 'less than' qualifier. A Cardinality with limits might be used, for example, in a relation that specifies the maximum (permitted) occupancy of a room.""" . :eleven :hasCardinalityNumber "11"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "11"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "eleven" ; :wnsense "eleven1adj" ; :wordnet "eleven" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'eleven' takes a type and returns a Group containing eleven instances of that type. Though not in the list of words, 'eleven' is used in Longman definitions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'eleven' in WordNet: 1. (12) eleven, 11, xi -- (being one more than ten) """ . :else :ldoce "else" ; :wnsense "else1adj" ; :wordnet "else" ; a :Adjective, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'else' as an Adjective use postpositionally that has the general meaning: 'other than the thing just mentioned': this sense includes the three adjective senses in Random House Webster: 1. other than the persons or things mentioned or implied: What else could I have done? 2. in addition to the persons or things mentioned or implied: Who else was there? 3. other or in addition (used in the possessive following an indefinite pronoun): someone else's money. The adverbial sense in the phrase 'or else' is represented as 'OrElse' in COSMO. Other senses listed as adverbial are so closely related to this adjectival sense that a single LogicalFunction (represented by this instance of Adjective) may serve to include the adverbial senses also. This also includes the single adjective sense in WordNet: 1. (26) else - (other than what is under consideration or implied; 'ask somebody else'; 'I don't know what else to do'; 'where else can we look?') """ . :emits a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''emits'' is a subProperty of ''canEmit'' to specify things that do in fact emit (whatever) as they are defined. This is a broad meaning of 'emit', including both objects and Events, to include notions such as ''Shedding'' or liquid discharge from a hose or container, or odors. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :Event :Region :ObjectType :EventType :RegionType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Light :EmittableThingType :EnergyType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :canEmit . :emittedTheWave a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'emittedTheWave' is a specialized relation between an object emitting a wave in an 'EmittingaWave' Event and the 'WavePropagationEvent' that was caused by the emitting event.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :GroupType :ObjectGroup ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :WavePropagationEvent :WaveType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :wasEmittedByObject . :en a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language word that is used to refer to the ontology element. This is used when the proper sense of the word does not appear in WordNet.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :enablesOrAssists :en "enables", "facilitates", "helps" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """enablesOrAssists relates a Resource (something useful) to the action(s) that it can help perform. This relation answers the questions 'what is it good for?'. The subproperty of ''isUsedAsInstrumentInAction'' of this relation can be used to point from a type of tool or instrument to the actions that the instrument is designed to be used in. @ToDo: NOTE: the domain is broad,and this relation can be used to specify that a Person 'enablesOrAssists' in some Action. That should be a more specific subproperty. NOTE: for some ''Right'' or ''Freedom'' that enables a person to do something, the relation ''isaFreedomToDo'' is used to relate the Right to the Action enabled by that Right. This is in effect the opposite of 'hinders' and in real-life situations, there can be multiple factors that either 'hinders' or 'enablesOrAssists' an agent's intended actions. NOTE that the subject of this relation is some resource,object, or substance, **not** a situation. For the case where situations enable other events, use 'isFavorableTo' Note that this is close to but not identical to the relation 'hasDesignFunction' for artifacts. The distinction is threefold: (1) resources do not have to be artifacts; (2) each artifact is classified by its design (intended) function, but it may actually not be useful for that purpose; (3) an Artifact may enable or assist actions that it was not designed to be used for.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :Resource :ResourceType :Right :RightType :Feature :DeviceType :PhysicalObjectType :Object :ObjectType :Device :UsefulThing :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Action :ActionType :Group :Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Goal :GoalSituation :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :allowsOrAssists ; owl:inverseOf :isEnabledOrAssistedBy . :enadj a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language *adjective* that is used to refer to the ontology element. This is used when the proper sense of the adjective does not appear in WordNet.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :enadv a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language *adverb* that is used to refer to the ontology element. This is used when the proper sense of the adverb (string) does not appear in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :endedAsStudent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a Student to the time that Role ended. A person may have multiple disconnected periods of being a student, so this relation may have multiple values. It should be higher-arity to include the institution where the student role was played out..""" ; rdfs:domain :Student ; rdfs:range :TimePoint . :endsAt a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'endsAt' relates a DateTimeInterval to the DTEG or TimePoint that ends (concludes) it. The whole interval of time represented by a DTEG is included, and the end of the referenced DTEG is the end of the DateTimeInterval. See 'startsAt'.""" ; rdfs:domain :DateTimeInterval ; rdfs:range :DateTimeExtendedGroup . :ened a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language *past participle* that is used to refer to an ontology element that is derived from a verb and used as an adjective. This is used when the proper sense of the word does not appear in WordNet.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :eng a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language *noun* that is the '-ing' progressive form of a verb.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :engen_boat :hasFrequencyOfUse "0.5"^^xsd:float ; :hasSynonymousTerm "boat"^^xsd:string ; :isDefinedInContext :EnglishLanguage ; :isUsedInLanguage :EnglishLanguage ; a :Synonym ; rdfs:comment """In the general colloquial context, 'boat' can specify any watercraft with a hull, no matter how large or small.""" . :enjoys :en "enjoys", "is fond of", "is partial to", "likes" ; :guid "be6a820d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "like" ; :wnsense "like1v", "like2v", "like3v", "like4v" ; :wordnet "like" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is the general relation relating an IntentionalAgent (animal, person) to some thing that the agent enjoys in some respect. Cyc has multiple specialized 'enjoys' predicates, but these will be added only as they appear to be required for COSMO. One subproperty of 'enjoys' in COSMO is 'hasFavoriteThing'. NOTE that each time an agent 'enjoys' something is an instance of 'LikingEvent'. How to relate? @FOL? Cyc ('likes-Generic'): (#$likes-Generic SUBJ OBJ) means that SUBJ likes OBJ. This is a very general liking relation which is most useful for organising liking relations and for use during inference; for representation purposes, use a spec-Pred. Includes verb senses 1-4 of 'like' in WordNet: 1. (78) wish, care, like - (prefer or wish to do something; Do you care to try this dish?; Would you like to come along to the movies?) 2. (73) like - (find enjoyable or agreeable; I like jogging; She likes to read Russian novels) 3. (19) like - (be fond of; I like my nephews) 4. (2) like - (feel about or towards; consider, evaluate, or regard; How did you like the President's speech last night?) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType :RoleType ) ] . :enn a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language *noun* that is used to refer to the ontology element. This is used when the proper sense of the word does not appear in WordNet.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :ennp a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language *plural noun* that is used to refer to the ontology element. This is used when the proper sense of the plural word does not appear in WordNet.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :env a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language *verb* that is used to refer to the ontology element. This is used when the proper sense of the word does not appear in WordNet.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :envp a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to the past tense of an English language *verb* that is used to refer to the ontology element. This is used when the proper sense of the word does not appear in WordNet. """ ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :envs a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to the present singular form of an English language *verb* that is used to refer to the ontology element. This can be used for labeling relations that can be expressed by one or more English word(s) """ ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :equals :en "equals" ; :ldoce "equal" ; :wnsense "equal1v" ; :wordnet "equal" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The logical and mathematical 'equals' relation, a binary relation which asserts that the two terms related by the 'equals' relation can be interchanged in any Assertion without changing the truth value of that Assertion. This relation can be used to relate a Roles to its role filler *only* if the times during which the identity holds are specified in the relation. This can be used for quantiatative attribute values which, once defined,need not be redefined when use as attributes of other entities. See also ''isIdenticalTo'' for equality between entities that are not abstract mathematical entities. NOTE: mathematical entities are not considered to be'created' as are 'ConceptualWorks'' with an author. Therefore the same entities (numbers. geometrical figures) can be truly mathematically identical whereas conceptualWorks with the same propositional content but different creation times or creators can only be 'identical' in the sense of the relation ''hasIdenticalContent''. See also 'isAlmostTheSameAs' for quantities', and 'isIdenticalTo' for identity of individuals. SUMO: (termed 'equal'): (equal ?ENTITY1 ?ENTITY2) is true just in case ?ENTITY1 is identical with ?ENTITY2. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'equal' in WordNet, being only the mathematical sense of 'equivalent to (mathematically)'; the exchange rate of currencies or other is *not* included: in WordNet: 1. (16) equal, be - (be identical or equivalent to; \"One dollar equals 1,000 rubles these days!\") """ ; owl:inverseOf :equals . :ergs a :EnergyUnit . :especially :en "extraordinarily", "highly" ; :ldoce "especially" ; :wnsense "especially1adv", "particularly1adv", "specially2adv" ; :wordnet "especially", "particularly", "specially" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'especially'is an adverb that signals that the thing being described has some property to a greater extent than most others referenced in the discourse. The adverbs 'extraordinarily' and 'highly' have similar meanings, and are included in this element. Attributes ''HighlyUnusual' and ''Extraordinary'' are related, but the adverb/attribute relationships are not fuly formalized at Rev1291. This corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'especially' in WordNet: 1. (66) particularly, peculiarly, especially, specially - (to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common; 'he was particularly fussy about spelling'; 'a particularly gruesome attack'; 'under peculiarly tragic circumstances'; 'an especially (or specially) cautious approach to the danger') """ . :establishesLimitation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'establishesLimitation' is a specialized relation that relates a 'Restriction' (a subtype of 'rule') to some 'Limitation' that is created by creation of that Restriction. Note that the 'Limitations' may apply to non-agentive entities (as with laws of nature) though it is usually applied to agents. For the inverse relation relating a Limitation to a Restriction, use 'isEstablishedByRuleOrCondition'. """ ; rdfs:domain :Restriction ; rdfs:range :Limitation . :etcetera :en "et cetera", "etc" ; :wnsense "and so forth1adv", "and so on1adv", "etc.1adv", "etcetera1adv" ; :wordnet "and so forth", "and so on", "etc.", "etcetera" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''etcetera'' is an adverb added at the end of a list of things meaning literally 'and others', and or 'more of the same' 'and so forth'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'etcetera' in WordNet: 1. (3) and so forth, and so on, etcetera, etc. - (continuing in the same way) """ . :even_though a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :eventWithCauses a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """causes specifies that an Event having the subject attribute value will cause the Event """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QualitativeAttributeType :QualitativeAttributeValue ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event :WaveType :Wave :ProcessType :PhysicalProcess ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :canBeCausedByEventWithAttribute . :eventsPerDay :hasRepeatedEntity :Event ; :hasUnit :perDay ; a :RateUnit . :eventsPerMonth :hasRepeatedEntity :Event ; :hasUnit :perMonth ; a :RateUnit . :eventually :wnsense "eventually1adv", "one of these days1adv", "sooner or later1adv" ; :wordnet "eventually", "one of these days", "sooner or later" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The adverb ''eventually'' is similar to''finally'' in expressing the notion of something happening after some long and unusual or unnecessary lapse of time. As used in COSMO ''finally'' is used to describe *past* events that took place, whereas ''eventually'' is used to refer to *future* events that are expected to occur 'sooner or later'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'eventually' in WordNet: 1. (19) eventually, yet, sooner or later, in time, one of these days - (within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time; 'he will understand eventually'; 'he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves'; 'sooner or later you will have to face the facts'; 'in time they came to accept the harsh reality') """ . :every :ldoce "every" ; :wnsense "every2adj" ; :wordnet "every" ; a :Determiner, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """This function can be used with a type as an argument to return a Group having all instances of that Type as component elements. @ToDo: NOTE: this adjective may be used in a controlled English application to serve as the 'forAll' function, as in 'Every man is an animal', even though its formal meaning here is as a function to return a group of entities. This needs to be specially programmed. Note that a relation on a Group that can be applied to individuals (i.e. is not specifically defined on the type 'Group' or a subtype thereof) will be interpreted as meaning that the relation applies to each member of the Group individually. Therefore to say {(Every Dog) has (four Legs)} is to specify that each instance of Dog has four legs. The same effect can often be accomplished by an OWL restriction. Corresponds to adjective sense 2 of 'every' in WordNet: 2. every - ((used of count nouns) each and all of the members of a group considered singly and without exception; 'every person is mortal'; 'every party is welcome'; 'had every hope of success'; 'every chance of winning') """ . :everyone :en "every person", "everybody" ; :ldoce "everyone" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'everyone'; can serve as a pronoun for a group of people. It literally means 'every person' - a HumanGroup consisting of all human beings - but is usually intended to be interepreted as 'every person in some previously or susequently referenced group.', as in 'the class voted on where to go for dinner, and everyone wanted pizza.' In this sense, it is related to the determiner 'every', which see. See also ''Everybody'' for the class that includes all instances of ''GroupOfPeople''s referred to as 'everybody' or 'everyone'. No WordNet entry in WN 2.1. (!?) Random House Webster has only one sense: every person; everybody.""" . :everything :en "all" ; :ldoce "everything" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'everything'; can serve as a pronoun for a group of entities of any type, including actions ('they did everything they could'). It literally means 'every entity without exception' but is usually intended to be interepreted as 'every thing in some referenced group.', as in 'we walked into the room, and everything was on the floor.' 'everything he thought he knew was wrong.' 'all is lost' In this sense it is related to 'every' and 'everone'. No entry in WN 2.1 (!?) This corresponds to pronoun sense 1 in Random House Webster: 1. every thing or particular of an aggregate or total; all. """ . :excluding :en "exccept for", "excluding" ; :ldoce "except" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """With the exclusion of; except; except for; other than. Can be used as a conjunction or preposition. See also ''hasThingSkipped'' when this term is used to refer to something not affected by a series of actions, even though it is in the same group of things in which other things that are affected.. Corresponds to sense 1 of 'except' in Random House Webster: 1. with the exclusion of; excluding; save; but: They were all there except me. """ . :execute :en "execute" ; :isaLabelFor :PerformingSomeAction ; a :LogicalFunction . :exhibitsEmotion a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A specialized relation pointing from an instance of Behavior (especially an 'ExhibitingEmotion' action) to the Feeling or Emotion that was exhibited by the Behavior.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Behavior :ActionType ) ], [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :showsEvidenceOf . :exhibitsQuality a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A specialized relation pointing from an instance of 'ExhibitingaQuality to the Quality (AttributeValue) that was exhibited..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ExhibitingaQuality :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :QualityType :CapabilityType ) ] . :existsInContext :ldoce "exist" ; :wnsense "exist1v" ; :wordnet "exist" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """existsInContext is most useful to relate ''Thing''s, especially fictional, mythical, or hypothetical characters to the contexts in which they appear. It can be used to refer to the 'Real World', but that may be in most cases the default context that needs no explicit reference. NOTE that 'existence' can also be represented by an entity being the object in a PersistentState of 'Existence'. *db992 @ToDo - this has to be represented by an axiom. Something that is the subject of this relation has the Attribute 'Existing' and is the subject of 'Existence' - how to relate these? See 'ExistingThing' Corresponds to sense 1 of 'exist' in WordNet: 1. (113) exist, be - (have an existence, be extant; \" Is there a God? \") """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Context :ContextType ) ] . :experienced :en "experienced" ; :ldoce "experience", "have" ; :wnsense "experience3v", "have3v" ; :wordnet "experience", "have" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'wasExperiencedBy' - relates an agent to some experience in which s/he was one of the principle agents doing the act, or one of the agents directly affected by the Event. NOTE that in cases implying more than one affected object, like ''DeathOfaSpouse'' both the Spouse dying and the Spouse surviving have ''experenced'' the death event. @ToDo: include ailments of plants?? Corresponds to part of verb sense 3 of experience and part of verb sense 3 of 'have' in WordNet, including ailments and MentalEvents, but not applying to inanimate things: in WordNet: 3. (220) experience, receive, have, get, undergo - (go through (mental or physical states or experiences); 'get an idea'; 'experience vertigo'; 'get nauseous'; 'undergo a strange sensation'; 'The chemical undergoes a sudden change'; 'The fluid undergoes shear'; 'receive injuries'; 'have a feeling') """ ; rdfs:domain :IntentionalAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysiologicalCondition :AilmentType :Action :MentalEvent :FeelingType ) ] . :expressesMeasure a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """expressesMeasure relates a DatatypeProperty with a number as its value, of a kind used to represent measures as bare numbers in a databse, to some measure which is the intended full meaning, including the unit of measure. This relation is used to allow direct mappings of numerical database attributes to the actual properties, even though the value of the attribute in the database is a bare number.""" ; rdfs:range :MeasureType . :expressesMentalObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''expressesMentalObject'' relates an ''Action'' or ''ActionType'', including ''FacialExpression''s or gestures, to some ''MentalObject'' (a ''Thought'' or Idea) that was communicated (intentionally or unintentionally) by the Action. This is a companion to ''expressesMentalState'' which relates Actions to some ''MentalState'' (notably ''Feeling''s) that may be communicated by such actions. This can be used for lingustic or quasi-linguistic Action, such as speaking or a manner of speaking, or gestures,including sign language. Thus this complements ''expressesMentalState'' and allows distinction between actions that express feelings and those that express more analytically definable thoughts including abstract ideas. This may be used to label video images of sign-language signs to describe the ideas expressed by those signs. ?? related to 'isaSignOf'' - for symptoms?? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FacialExpression :Action :Vocalizing :FacialExpressionType :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalObject :MentalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :signifies . :expressesMentalState a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''expressesMentalState'' relates a ''FacialExpression'' or ''FacialExpressionType'' to some mental state (typically a ''Feeling'') that presumably has caused the ''FacialExpression'', and that may be inferred by an onlooker to be the cause of the facial expression. Actors may mimic such facial expressions without actually having those feelings, but they do so with the intention of appearing to have those feelings. This is a companion to ''expressesMentalObject'' which relates Actions to some ''MentalObject'' (definable ideas or concepts) that may be communicated by such actions. Thus this complements ''expressesMentalObject'' and allows distinction between actions that express feelings and those that express more analysitcally definable thoughts including abstract ideas. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FacialExpression :Action :Vocalizing :Speech :FacialExpressionType :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalState :MentalEvent :FeelingType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :signifies . :failureHasConsequence a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'failureHasConsequence' relates an Obligation or Type of Obligation (PropositionType) that will or may result if the Obligation is not fulfilled as required. This is a highly specialized relation that is an integral part of the meaning of 'Obligation'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :PropositionType :Obligation ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :SituationProcessEventOrState ) ] . :feedsOn :en "eats", "feeds on" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'feedsOn' is a specialized relation specifying the kind of food that an animal *typically* eats, though it can eat and get nutrition from other things. This is useful to describe the distinction between carnivores and herbivores, and in some cases the specialized eating habits of other types of animals. The typical food can be a substance ('Meat') or a type of organism (e.g. some birds specialize in eating insects, others prefer to eat seeds; Parasites feedOn their Hosts). If the thing that an Organism feedsOn is *necessary* for its growth, the use of ''feedsOn'' together with ''requiresResource'' can be used to imply that the thing fed on is the only sufficient nutrition source. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :OrganismType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :OrganismType :FoodObjectType ) ] . :feet :en "feet" ; :ldoce "foot" ; :wnsense "foot1n" ; :wordnet "foot" ; a :UnitOfLength, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """See also MeasureType 'FootLength'. See 'OneFoot' for its relation to 'inches'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'foot' in WordNet: 1. (740) foot, ft - (a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard; 'he is six feet tall') """ . :fifteen :hasCardinalityNumber "15"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "15"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "fifteen1adj" ; :wordnet "fifteen" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'fifteen' takes a type and returns a Group containing fifteen instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'fifteen' in WordNet: 1. (17) fifteen, 15, xv - (being one more than fourteen) """ . :filledTheSubjectRoleIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Each RoleSituation has one role filler (subject), and this relation specifies that the subject of this relation is the role-filler (Subject) of the RoleSituation to which it points. Note that a RoleSituation is not a Role; it is a subtype of Event. Thus 'Student' would be a Role, but 'BeingaStudent' would be the corresponding RoleSituation. This relation is used primarily at the taxonomic level, to describe the relation of certain types of Events (RoleSituations) to the type of Role that is prominent in that Event. For specifying that individuals are playing specific Roles, use 'fillsTheRole' or 'fillsTheRoleOf'. """ ; rdfs:domain :Role ; rdfs:range :RoleSituation ; owl:inverseOf :hadRoleFiller . :fillsTheRoleOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Inverse of 'hasRoleFiller' - points to a Role being filled by some Object or ObjectType. Usually meaningful only during some specific time interval or in some specific context (see ''RoleInaContext''). To point to a capability of some Object or Substance to fill a Role, use 'mayFillTheRoleOf'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RoleInaContext :Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :mayFillTheRoleOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasRoleFiller . :finally :wnsense "at last1adv", "at long last1adv", "eventually2adv", "finally1adv", "finally3adv", "in the end2adv", "ultimately1adv" ; :wordnet "at last", "at long last", "eventually", "finally", "in the end", "ultimately" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'after a long time' or 'at the end of a process of trying or waiting' Includes adverb senses 1 and 3 of 'finally' in WordNet: 1. (45) finally, eventually, at length - (after a long period of time or an especially long delay; 'at length they arrived') 3. (20) ultimately, finally, in the end, at last, at long last - (as the end result of a succession or process; 'ultimately he had to give in'; 'at long last the winter was over') """ . :finishes :en "ends", "finishes" ; :ldoce "end" ; :wnsense "end3v" ; :wordnet "end" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """(finishes ?TempThing1 ?TempThing2) means that ?TempThing1 and ?TempThing2 are both TemporalThings (TimeIntervals or Events) that have the same ending TimePoint and that ?TempThing2 begins before ?TempThing1. This is a generalization of the SUMO 'finishes' relation. This can also be used to relate types of events to other types of events that represent the final stage of the longer event, but also can relate an Event that causes another to end to the Event that ends (see subproperty 'causedTheStoppingOf''). For 'Events'' one may use the subtype ''isTheEndingSubEventOf''. *NOTE* that 'finishes' does not necessarily imply that the Event that finishes another Event is *part* of the Event which is finished, it can be a separate event that causes the termination of the Event that is finished. SUMO: (finishes ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same ending TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL2 begins before ?INTERVAL1. Corresponds approximately to part of verb sense 3 of 'end' in WordNet: 3. (10) end, terminate - (be the end of; be the last or concluding part of; 'This sad scene ended the movie') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :EventType :TimedClassType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :EventType :TimedClassType ) ] . :fitsInsideOf :en "fits in", "fits in a", "fits inside of", "fits inside of a", "fits into" ; :ldoce "fit" ; :wnsense "fit1v" ; :wordnet "fit" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'fitsInsideOf' relates physical objects to containers (or receptacles) into which the object (which can be a quantity of PhysicalSubstance) can be placed and contained, or inserted. This is the most general notion of something 'fitting' into a container or receptacle, and includes the notion of a person fitting into some article of clothing. It also includes the notion of having the right shape to fit properly into some space, and having the right configuration to fit into a receptacle (such as an ''ElectricalJack''). NOTE that the sense of 'fit' in 'this shirt fits me well' is expressed by 'conformsToShapeOf'. That relation is not an exact inverse relation to 'fitsInsideOf', the meanings and usage diverge too far. This corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'fit' in WordNet: 2. (11) fit, go - (be the right size or shape; fit correctly or as desired; 'This piece won't fit into the puzzle') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] . :five :hasCardinalityNumber "5"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "5"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "five" ; :wnsense "five1adj" ; :wordnet "five" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'five' takes a type and returns a Group containing five instances of that type. For the number '5' as a number per se (not an adjective) use 'N_5'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'five' in WordNet: 1. (103) five, 5, v - (being one more than four) """ . :flowsInto :en "flows into" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """flowsInto relates a subject ''Stream'' to the bodyOfWater (which could be another ''Stream'') into which the subject Stream flows. """ ; rdfs:domain :BodyOfWater, :Stream . :followsFrom :en "follows from", "followsFrom" ; a :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'followsFrom' is a conjunction that connects the Consequent with the Antecedent of an ''Axiom''. The inverse order is represened by ''implies'' """ . :foot-pounds a :EnergyUnit . :for :en "on behalf of" ; :ldoce "for" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'for' has multiple linguistic senses (33 of them in RHW). These are not enumerated here, and will need to be disambiguated by procedural code of the LogicalFunction representing those concepts..""" . :formerly :ldoce "formerly" ; :wnsense "formerly1adv" ; :wordnet "formerly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'at one time' or 'having been at one time' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'formerly' in WordNet: 1. (7) once, formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst - (at a previous time; 'at one time he loved her'; 'her erstwhile writing'; 'she was a dancer once';) """ . :forth :wnsense "forth3adv" ; :wordnet "forth" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''forth' is an adverb whose general sense is 'into view. out of a hidden position' - 'come forth' Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'forth' in WordNet: 3. (1) forth - (out into view; 'came forth from the crowd'; 'put my ideas forth') """ . :fortunately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Fortunate ; :wnsense "as luck would have it1adv", "fortuitously1adv", "fortunately1adv", "luckily1adv" ; :wordnet "as luck would have it", "fortuitously", "fortunately", "luckily" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''fortunately'' is used by a speaker to express the opinion that the *situation* described is 'fortunate' lucky, and the speaker thinks that the thing (situation) described is a GoodThing. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'fortunately' in WordNet: 1. (5) fortunately, fortuitously, luckily, as luck would have it - (by good fortune; 'fortunately the weather was good') """ . :four :hasCardinalityNumber "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "4"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "four" ; :wnsense "four1adj" ; :wordnet "four" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'four' takes a type and returns a Group containing four instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'four' in WordNet: 1. (131) four, 4, iv - (being one more than three) """ . :fourths :en "fourth", "fourths" ; :hasNumericalValue "4"^^xsd:float ; a :Denominator ; rdfs:comment """Used in fractions expressed in words, as in 'three fourths' or 'one fourth'. """ . :fr a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to a French language word that is used in English phrrases but has no formal definitionin dictionaries. (For example 'de' in 'eau de cologne' etc.). """ ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :framenet a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to the frame in Framenet most closely corresponding to the COSMO entity.""" ; rdfs:label "FrameNet frame word" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :from :en "from" ; :ldoce "from" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'from' has multiple linguistic senses (the seven of them in RHW are listed here). These will need to be disambiguated by procedural code of the LogicalFunction representing those concepts. Random House Webster - 'from' 1. (used to specify a starting point in spatial movement): a train running west from Chicago. 2. (used to specify a starting point in an expression of limits): The number of stores will be increased from 25 to 30. 3. (used to express removal or separation, as in space, time, or order): two miles from shore; 30 minutes from now; from one page to the next. 4. (used to express discrimination or distinction): to be excluded from membership; to differ from one's father. 5. (used to indicate source or origin): to come from the Midwest; to take a pencil from one's pocket. 6. (used to indicate agent or instrumentality): death from starvation. 7. (used to indicate cause or reason): From the evidence, he must be guilty. """ . :fromHereForward :wnsense "forth2adv", "forward2adv", "onward1adv" ; :wordnet "forth", "forward", "onward" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''fromHereForward'' is an adverb expressed by any of several words: forth', 'forward', 'onward' - meaning that starting (here or now), the following assertion will apply' . . . Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'onward' and 2 of 'forth' in WordNet: 1. forth, forward, onward - (forward in time or order or degree; 'from that time forth'; 'from the sixth century onward') """ . :from_now_on a :HenceforthAdverb . :from_this_time_forth a :HenceforthAdverb . :from_this_time_forward a :HenceforthAdverb . :fucking :wnsense "fucking1adv" ; :wordnet "fucking" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''fucking''is an adverb used as an (obscene) intensifier for characterizing anthing that seems excessive.. For the adjective use ''Flaming''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'fucking' in WordNet: 1. fucking - (intensifier, very colloquial; 'what took you so fucking long?') """ . :functionsTogetherWith a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'functionsTogetherWith' is a SymmetricProperty that allows specifying that certain objects (or substances) are designed (by man or nature) to perform a function by working together. This is used in COSMO mostly to relate a screw and nut in their function serving as a Fastener. This relation should be higher arity,but can serve here as a placeholder. It may be used more generally, as for a mortar and pestle, and possibly for abstract artifacts such as computer procedures that typically work together to perform a function. The use of this relation does not imply that the objects related to each other have no independednt function; this relation only serves as notice that there is *some* function that requires them both to work together. A higher-arity relation can be more specific as to the function and circumstances.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType ) ] . :gamma a :GreekCharacter . :generally :wnsense "generally1adv", "generally2adv" ; :wordnet "generally" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''generally''is an adverb that asserts that the assertion modified occurs in most cases - see ''usually''. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'generally' in WordNet: 1. (39) by and large, generally, more often than not, mostly - (usually; as a rule; \"by and large it doesn't rain much here\") 2. (11) generally, in general, in the main - (without distinction of one from others; \"he is interested in snakes in general\") """ . :gently :wnsense "gently2adv", "gently3adv", "lightly3adv", "mildly2adv", "softly3adv" ; :wordnet "gently", "lightly", "mildly", "softly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''gently'' describes an Action that is performed with a lower than average 'force' - usually a touching or handling, that is performed intentionally so that little force is applied to the object manipulated.. Corresponds to sense 3 of 'gently' in WordNet: 3. (2) lightly, softly, gently - (with little weight or force; 'she kissed him lightly on the forehead') 2. (3) gently, mildly - (in a gentle manner; 'he talked gently to the injured animal') """ . :grams :en "grams" ; a :UnitOfMass, :UnitOfMeasure . :gramsPerMilliliter a :MassDensityUnit ; rdfs:comment """A unit of measure, equal to a density of one gram per one milliliter. """ . :greatly :isMoreIntensiveThan :especially ; :wnsense "extraordinarily1adv", "greatly1adv", "inordinately1adv" ; :wordnet "extraordinarily", "greatly", "inordinately" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''greatly'' is and adverb that is in effect a more intensive modifier than 'especially', with some overlap. This signals that the thing being described has some property to a *much* greater extent than most others referenced in the discourse. The adverb 'extraordinarily' and 'highly' has a similar meaning, and is included, though it might be considered as a more intensive value. This includes adverb sense 1 of 'greatly', sense 1 of 'extraordinarily', sense 1 of 'dramatically' and senses 1 and 2 of 'surprisingly' in WordNet: 1. (24) greatly - (to an extraordinary extent or degree; 'he improved greatly') WN adverb'extraordinarily': 1. (1) inordinately, extraordinarily - (extremely; 'she was inordinately smart'; 'it will be an extraordinarily painful step to negotiate') """ . :guid a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Globally unique identifier, fromOpenCyc 0.78. NOTE that this is a formatted string having 32 alphanumberic characters with embedded hyphens, though it is represented (temporarily) as a simple string here. Another form of 'unique identifier' has 16 characters, and is represented in COSMO as an AbstractString which is a subtype of Identifier. See 'UniqueIdentifier16'""" ; rdfs:label "Globally Unique ID"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hadActionPerformed :en "did", "executed", "performed" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadActionPerformed'' is a specialized relation for the type 'PerformingSomeAction', pointing to the Action performed in a phrase that describes an Action as being 'performed' or 'done' or 'executed'. This can be used to specify that a particular type of agent performs a particular ActionType.""" ; rdfs:domain :PerformingSomeAction ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] . :hadAddedObject :en "had added object", "had added thing", "had an added" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadAddedObject'' points from an ''AddingEvent to the 'Thing' (of any type) that was added in that Event. The thing that was **added to** can be pointed to by the relation ''hadObjectModified''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AddingEvent :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected ; owl:inverseOf :wasAddedInEvent . :hadAffectedAgent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAffectedAgent' points from an Action to the agent or Group of agents affected by the some transitive Action, by a direct or physically transitive causal chain (not by the intermediation of some other agent who was directly affected). The effect can be psychological or emotional, (such as 'Annoyance') if it is directly caused by the Action. This should be used to refer to the 'patient' of an action, not the subject or doer of the action, when the patient is an agent. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :PaymentAmount ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected, :hasDirectObject ; owl:inverseOf :wasThePatientInAction . :hadAffectedBodypart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAffectedBodypart' points from an Event to some part of an animalbody that was modified in the Event. This can be used to specify the body location of localized ailment conditions, among other uses. 'SubstanceType' is included in the Domain so that Blood can be specified as affected. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified . :hadAffectedPerson a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAffectedPerson' points from an Event to some Person who was affected by the Event. In the case of Actions, this will not be the Agent performing the action, rather it is closer to being a 'patient' of the action. It is possible but not necessary that the Person pointed to actually participated in the Event, therefore this is not a subproperty of 'hasParticipant'. For example, a Person who is disappointed by the outcome of some Event would be 'affected' in this sense, even if not participating in that Event. The restriction forces the object to PersonType. """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadAffectedAgent . :hadAgentHarmed :en "harmed", "harms" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Relates an Event or EventType to some Agent harmed or typically harmed in that Event. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadAffectedAgent, :hadThingAffected, :worsens ; owl:inverseOf :wasHarmedInEvent . :hadAgentHelped a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAgentHelped' relates a 'HelpingAnAgent' Event to the Agent to whomever (including Animals and Organizations) the actor intended to help.. This is a specialized 'hadBeneficiary' case Role.""" ; rdfs:domain :HelpingAnAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadBeneficiary . :hadAgentHired a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAgentHired' points from some hiring event (temporary, contract, or long-term employment) to the Person or Organization that was hired to perform the job or service """ ; rdfs:domain :HiringAnAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :GroupOfPeople :Person :PersonType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :wasHiredByAgreement . :hadAgentInAgreement a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAgentInAgreement' points from a 'AgreeingEvent' to (at least) one of the agents that made the Agreement. Added to simplify representing AgreeingEvent, a subtype of 'GeneralizedTransfer'. """ ; rdfs:domain :AgreeingEvent ; rdfs:range :GenericAgent ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadRecipient, :hasEndingPlace, :hasIntendedAudience, :hasStartingPlace . :hadAgentOwed a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAgentOwed' points from an Owing (a State) to the IntelligentAgent who is owed something by another agent. This is a specialized case role for the verb 'owe'. It is in the past tense, as Events (including States) in COSMO are considered as bounded in time, even if they are not 'Finished' at the time of an assertion about the Event. Instances of 'Owing' are related to the agents and thing owed by the specialized relations: hadAgentOwing hadAgentOwed hadThingOwed """ ; rdfs:domain :Owing ; rdfs:range :Creditor ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :isTheCreditorIn . :hadAgentOwing a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAgentOwing' points from an Owing (a State) to the IntelligentAgent who owes something to someone. This is a specialized case role for the verb 'owe'. It is in the past tense, as Events (including States) in COSMO are considered as bounded in time, even if they are not 'Finished' at the time of an assertion about the Event. Instances of 'Owing' are related to the agents and thing owed by the specialized relations: hadAgentOwing hadAgentOwed hadThingOwed """ ; rdfs:domain :Owing ; rdfs:range :Debtor ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasPerformedByAgent . :hadAgreeingAgents a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAgreeingAgents' is a specialized relation pointing from an AgreeingEvent to the agent or Group of agents that created the Agreement. To point from an Agreement (e.g. a COntract) to one of the participants, use 'hadAgreeingParty' or the inverse 'wasaPartyToAgreement' """ ; rdfs:domain :Action ; rdfs:range :AgreeingAgents ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadAffectedAgent ; owl:inverseOf :participatedInAgreement . :hadAgreeingParty a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAgreeingParty' is a specialized relation pointing from an Agreement or to the agent or Group of agents that created the Agreement. To point from an AgreeingEvent to the Group of participants, use 'hadAgreeingAgents' or the inverse 'participatedInAgreement' """ ; rdfs:domain :Agreement ; rdfs:range :IntelligentAgent ; owl:inverseOf :wasaPartyToAgreement . :hadAnimalHandled a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAnimalHandled' points from a 'TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay' Event to one of the Animals (Person or Beast) that was handled, observed, treated, or otherwise interacted with. For medical treatment, use the subproperty 'hadAnimalTreated' """ ; rdfs:domain :TreatingAnAgentInaCertainWay ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :Animal :AnimalType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadAffectedAgent, :hadObjectHandled . :hadAnimalTreated a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAnimalTreated' points from a HealthCareEvent to one of the Animals (Person or Beast) that was observed, tested, treated, or otherwise assisted in the course of the HealthCareEvent. A 'HealthCareEvent' is not for routine nourishement, or routine ingestion of vitamin supplements by an individual, but either (1) something performed by a person on another animal that is intended to improve health; or (2) something performed by a person on herself that is of the nature of a medical procedure. Self-treatment is included, but only if it is clearly a procedure that is of the kind typically performed by a medical professional., """ ; rdfs:domain :HealthCareEvent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadAnimalHandled . :hadAttributeTypeChanged a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A specialized relation to allow specific reference to one of the AttributeTypes that was changed in the course of some BecomingEvent. this can also be used for 'AttributeValueChange (a type of Difference), where it is used in an existential restriction.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BecomingEvent :AttributeValueChange ) ] ; rdfs:range :AttributeTypeType . :hadBeginningState a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadEndingState' points from an instance of Event to the 'InstantaneousState' that existed at the time that the Event began. Every Event has some 'InstantaneousState' at the starting time and some 'InstantaneousState' at the ending time, as an integral part of its representation. But COSMO (rev 829) does not require that these states be specifed for every instance of Event, though there should be a signal to the reasoner that those states do exist; they may be significant in specific cases. @ToDo: how to represent this requirement? NOTE that this is an instance-level relation, and cannot be used to state that some type of Event typically or always causes some type of InstantaneousState.. NOTE that the use of the past tense in this relation does not necessarily mean that the Event argument occurred in the past before the assertion time; this relation can also be used to relate possible future Events. The past tense merely emphasizes that we are discussing arg1 Events that, in the given context, are viewed as completed and not ongoing. """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range :InstantaneousState . :hadBeneficiary :wnsense "benefit2v" ; :wordnet "benefit" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadBeneficiary' relates an Action to the Agent (or cause or Action) for whom the action was performed. This is a general 'beneficiary' case role, but is restricted to beneficiaries that were intended to be helped by the agent performing the action. Incidental beneficiaries should not be the objects of this relation. Nevertheless, the beneficiary can be anything that can be'helped' - including the environment, endagered species, campaigns or causes or idealstic actions. This relation includes as subtypes 'hadRecipient' (for Giving actions) and 'hadAgentHelped' for helping actions. Others may be defined. See also Action of ''Benefiting'' Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'benefit' in WordNet: 2. (8) benefit, do good - (be beneficial for; 'This will do you good') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Receiving :Providing :HelpingAnAgent :GivingSomethingAbstract :IntelligentAgent :Benefiting :PaymentAmount :HelpingAnAgent ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType :Action :ActionType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected, :isGoodFor ; owl:inverseOf :isTheBeneficiaryOf . :hadCausalFactor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] . :hadCauseOrAgentSupported a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadCauseOrAgentSupported'' relates an Action intended to support (morally or financially or socially) some Cause or Agent to the Cause or Agent supported. The 'support' can be in any form: financing, promotion, giving direct effort, or helping in any way people can imagine. The 'agent' can be wildlife or the environment as well as people. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InformationTransferEvent :IntelligentAgent :Providing :HelpingAnAgent :GivingSomethingAbstract :Advocacy :SupportingAction ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType :Action :ActionType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :Proposition :BeliefType :BeliefSystem ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadBeneficiary . :hadChangedAttributeOrLocation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadChangedAttributeOrLocation' is a specialized relation to express the meaning of 'change', indicating what has changed in a 'Reverting' Event. The range is restricted to Attributes or Locations. """ ; rdfs:domain :BecomingEvent ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadChangedEntity . :hadChangedEntity :en "changed", "changes", "had changed thing" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadChangedEntity' is a specialized relation to express the meaning of 'change', indicating what has changed in a 'BecomingEvent'. The range can include any type of thing, object, substance, abstract, whatever. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Receiving :Providing :HelpingAnAgent :GivingSomethingAbstract :Event :FictionalEvent :EventType :FunctionalProcess :ProcessType :DitransitiveObjectPair :SearchingType :Benefiting :PaymentAmount ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasDirectObject, :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :isChangedByEvent . :hadConsumedObject :guid "bfc98932-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In cyc called 'consumedObject'. This is reinterpreted as meaning that the Object (or substance) is mostly consumed, not necessarily completely consumed. Cyc: (#$consumedObject EVENT THING) means that the entirety of THING is consumed during EVENT.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified, :hadReducedEntity . :hadContestant :en "included contestant" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadContestant' points from a ConflictEvent to one or more of the Agents competing in that Event. It can point to a Group of agents or to a single agent, and there may be more than one 'hadContestant' relation. Depending on the type of ConflictEvent,the number of contestants may be small or large, and it may not be important to list them all. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Competition :ConflictEvent :SportType :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range :IntentionalAgent ; owl:inverseOf :wasaContestantInCompetition . :hadDamagedObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """points from an Event to some Object (or SubstanceType) that was damaged in the Event. 'Damage' can be to lose some element of functionality, which may be relevant to the purposes of some particular Agent. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified, :worsens ; owl:inverseOf :wasDamagedInEvent . :hadEffect :ldoce "cause", "effect" ; :wnsense "cause1v", "cause2v", "effect1n" ; :wordnet "cause", "effect" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hadEffect Specifies one of the effects that are the result of an Event. Not every Event needs to have an 'effect'. A stative event merely represents the continuation of some attributes at their initial value for some interval of time, and no changes occur to be worthy of representing as an 'effect'. The 'Effect' that an Event has need not be physically caused by the Event; it could be a reaction to the Event by an IntentionalAgent. For the more specific case of Events that caused an Agent to act by some mental process in the acting agent, use 'hadMentalEffect' or its subproperties 'inducedAgentToAction' or 'convincedAgentToAction'. For direct physical causation without intermediate mental processes use the subproperty 'caused'. NOTE that this is an instance-level relation, and cannot be used to state that some type of Event typically or always causes some type of Effect. For the type-level relation use 'causes' or 'alwaysCauses'. NOTE that the use of the past tense in this relation does not necessarily mean that the Event argument occurred in the past before the assertion time; this relation can also be used to relate possible future Events. The past tense merely emphasizes that we are discussing arg1 Events that, in the given context, are viewed as completed and not ongoing. In Cyc the relation '#$causes-EventEvent' (guid = bfa7c0e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270) has a similar meaning. Cyc: (#$causes-EventEvent CAUSE EFFECT) means that the event CAUSE was sufficient to cause the event EFFECT. #$causes-EventEvent is the predicate to use for token-token event causation, i.e., causation between individual events. See #$NoteAboutCausationPredicates for a map of related predicates. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'cause' and verb senses 1 and 2 of 'effect' in WordNet; note that each of these senses is more specifically represented by subproperties - see discussion above: in WordNet: 1. (114) cause, do, make - - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') 2. (46) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa') WN verb 'effect': 1. (17) effect, effectuate, set up - (produce; 'The scientists set up a shock wave') 2. (3) effect - (act so as to bring into existence; 'effect a change') WN WN The noun 'effect' is also mapped to this relation, but it is understaood that WN it is only part of the label of a phrase such as 'had the effect that'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :MentalObject :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Event :FunctionalProcess :Difference ) ] . :hadEmittedThing a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hadEmittedThing relates an Emission Event to the thing (Object, Substance) that is the characteristic things emitted during the Event.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :EmittableThingType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :wasEmittedByEvent . :hadEmittedWave a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadEmittedWave' is a specialized relation between a 'EmittingaWave' Event and the 'WavePropagationEvent' that was caused by the emitting event.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :EmittingAWave ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :WaveType :WavePropagationEvent :Wave ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :alwaysCauses . :hadEmployee a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadEmployer' relates a Job (a StaticSituation in which some IntelligentAgent is employed by another IntelligentAgent) to the IntelligentAgent (possibly an Organization) that is being payed for his/her services.""" ; rdfs:domain :JobSituation ; rdfs:range :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :hadEmployer a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadEmployer' relates a Job (a StaticSituation in which some IntelligentAgent is employed by another IntelligentAgent) to the IntelligentAgent (possibly an Organization) that is paying for the service of the Employee.""" ; rdfs:domain :JobSituation ; rdfs:range :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :hadEndingLocation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadEndingLocation'' relates an instance of 'Translation-Complete'' to a ''Destination'' that is the intended ending location of that Motion. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Translation-Complete :ArrivingAtAPlace :MotionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Destination :GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasEndingPlace . :hadEndingState a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadEndingState' points from an instance of Event to the 'InstantaneousState' that existed at the time that the Event ended. Every Event has some 'InstantaneousState' at the starting time and some 'InstantaneousState' at the ending time, as an integral part of its representation. But COSMO (rev 829) does not require that these states be specifed for every instance of Event, though there should be a signal to the reasoner that those states do exist; they may be significant in specific cases. NOTE that this is an instance-level relation, and cannot be used to state that some type of Event typically or always causes some type of InstantaneousState. NOTE that the use of the past tense in this relation does not necessarily mean that the Event argument occurred in the past before the assertion time; this relation can also be used to relate possible future Events. The past tense merely emphasizes that we are discussing arg1 Events that, in the given context, are viewed as completed and not ongoing. """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range :InstantaneousState . :hadEvent :en "had notable event" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadEvent'' relates a Time, a Place, or a ''TimeAndPlace'' to some Event or EventType that occurred there/then/thereAndThen. This can be used to specify 'What Happened in the year ?X' (or as in a newspaper feature 'what happened on this day?' or 'Who was born on this day?' - as a BirthEvent); or 'What happened here?' (as on a roadside monument commemorating some notable Event that occurred there: ('Washington slept here') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalLocation :TemporalThing :GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] . :hadGiver a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadGiver'' relates any act of ''GivingEvent'' or Providing to the Agent that performed the giving; the agent to whom the thing was given is specified by ''hadRecipient''. This is a Case role for a GivingEvent (a subtype of ''Providing''), which includes specializations such as property transfer. Things that are tranferred may be abstract (such as Rights) or tangible. For the thing 'given' use 'hasDirectObject' or its subproperty 'hadThingreceived'' or ''hadThingTransferred''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Receiving :Providing :HelpingAnAgent :GivingSomethingAbstract ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType :Action :ActionType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasPerformedByAgent . :hadGroup a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadGroup' relates some a 'GroupTransfer' (into or out of a Group) to the Group (or Organization) that the entity joins or leaves. One may also talk about a Person joining a type of Group pr Organization (e.g. 'some terrorist group' or 'some pharmaceutical company') """ ; rdfs:domain :GroupTransfer ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :GroupOfPeople :GroupType :OrganizationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :hadHonoree a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hadHonoree relates any of various Events to the to some Agent (person, group, Organization) that is being singled out for esteem on a particular occasion. Occasions are for example, parties to honor a person (e.g. birthday partees), award ceremonies, selection of 'person of the year' events, inaugurations, etc. Usually a Person, but sometimes an Organization or Group of People. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericAgent :ObjectType :SalientThing ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :hadInformationDisplayed a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadInformationDisplayed' is a specialized relation, relating a 'DisplayingInformation' Action to the type of information displayed. The information that is displayed can be any of many types so is not (as of rev921) restricted by a 'domain' restriction. NOTE that for the case of a DisplayDevice, the information displayed is not necessarily received by any particular Person, so that kind of 'transfer' relation is not represented by the special relation 'hadInformationTransferred'. When a DisplayDevice is observed, the Event *can* be an 'InformationTransferEvent' and in such a case the fact that the information transferred is the same as the information displayed will have to be handled by a rule in the FOL version: @ToDo. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DisplayingInformation :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :hadInformationTransferred :en "transferred" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadInformationTransferred' relates an InformationTransferEvent to one or more InformationObjects transferred in the Action. NOTE that for the case of a DisplayDevice, the information displayed is not necessarily received by any particular Person, so that kind of 'transfer' relation is represented by the special relation 'hasInformationDisplayed'. When a DisplayDevice is observed, the Event can be an 'InformationTransferEvent' and in such a case the fact that the information transferred is the same as the information displayed will have to be handled by a rule in the FOL version @ToDo. """ ; rdfs:domain :InformationTransferEvent ; rdfs:range :InformationObject ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingTransferred, :mentionsTopic . :hadIngestedSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A specialized relation for an Ingesting Event, specifying the agent doing the Ingesting. This relation is required to avoid redundancy in the relations 'hasEndingPlace' (a restriction on GeneralizedTransfer) and 'wasPerformedByAgent' (a restriction on AnimalActivity). In an Ingesting Event the object of both of those relations is the same Animal (or Animals), and this relation allows both restrictions to be satisfied with one relation. """ ; rdfs:domain :Ingesting ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadConsumedObject, :hasParticipant . :hadIngestingAgent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A specialized relation for an Ingesting Event, specifying the agent doing the Ingesting. This relation is required to avoid redundancy in the relations 'hasEndingPlace' (a restriction on Generalizedtransfer) and 'wasPerformedByAgent' (a restriction on AnimalActivity). In an Ingesting Event the object of both of those relations is the same Animal (or Animals), and this relation allows both restrictions to be satisfied with one relation. """ ; rdfs:domain :Ingesting ; rdfs:range :Organism ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasEndingPlace, :wasPerformedByAgent . :hadIntermediateState a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadIntermediateState' is a specialized relation to express the meaning of 'Returning', indicating what was the state (or attribute, or location) at the beginning of the 'Returning' or ''Cycle'' event, from which the system changes back to the original. The original and now recovered state is specified by the relation 'hadOriginalAndRecoveredState'. NOTE that for simplicity the label says 'state' but the relation may also specify an attribute or location that had changed and to which the system or participant has returned. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BecomingEvent :Cycle :CycleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :AttributeValue :GenericLocation :EventType :AttributeValueType :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadChangedEntity . :hadMainParticipant :en "had main participant", "has subject" ; :ldoce "subject" ; :wnsense "subject7n" ; :wordnet "subject" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hadMainParticipant relates an Event to the Object whose properties and relations ('fluents') are the primary things begin represented by the specific type of Event. This relation is used for Events for which a single participant is the dominant theme. The MainParticipant will usually be the subject in an assertion in the active voice, even if it is not an Agent. For things that are acted on, use 'hadThingAffected'. NOTE that a 'participant' in certain Events, such as Actions involving study or investigation, can be a whole class of entities. NOTE: @ToDo REv 1303: if a relation is needed specifically to refer to **voluntary participating agents, see ''participatedInAction'' which has been commented out. Needed?? The first argument of this relation will correpond to the grammatical 'subject' of a sentence - that bout which something is predictged. This corresponds approximately to noun sense 7 of 'subject' in Wordnet; see 'SubjectOfaSentence' for the actual grammatical element : in WordNet: 7. (9) subject - ((grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :Feeling :ActionType :MentalEvent :Event :EventType :BiologicalEvent :FeelingType :PhysiologicalCondition :AilmentType :LifeStageType :LifeStage :Object4D ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubjectOfaSentence :Object :ObjectType :GenericAgent :AgentType :Event :EventType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :SalientThing owl:Class ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :wasTheMainParticipantIn . :hadMentalEffect :ldoce "cause", "get", "make" ; :wnsense "cause2v", "get10v", "induce2v", "make4v" ; :wordnet "cause", "get", "induce", "make" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hadMentalEffect is a subproperty of 'hasEffect' in which the Effect is a MentalEvent or mental process. It is also a subproperty of 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation', which is a relation with a broader range of causative things. NOTE that this is an instance-level relation, and cannot be used to state that some type of Event typically or always causes some type of mental effect. For the type-level relation use 'causesMentalEvent'. NOTE that the use of the past tense in this relation does not necessarily mean that the Event argument occurred in the past before the assertion time; this relation can also be used to relate possible future Events. The past tense merely emphasizes that we are discussing arg1 Events that, in the given context, are viewed as completed and not ongoing. NOTE that although this relation specifies causation of a mental Event or process, the resulting Event may be the impetus to an Action that was motivated by a MentalEvent caused by the first argument Event. Thus external Events that cause mental states may cause physical Events via this relation of mental causation. Corresponds to part of verb sense 2 of 'cause', sense 4 of 'make'sense 10 of 'get' and sense 2 of 'induce' in WordNet; see also the subproperty 'convincedAgentToAction': in WordNet: 2. (46) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :MentalObject :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalEvent :Action :FunctionalProcess :FeelingType :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadEffect, :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation . :hadMissingThing a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadMissingThing'' is a specific relation relating an 'Absence' to the thing that is Absent. The relation 'hasParticipant' cannot be used because an 'absence' can be an absence of an activity, not only an Object. Relation 'lacks' has a similar meaning,but can be used for any type of thing, with no domain or range restriction. This can be used for to relate a ''RelativeAbsence'' to the thing that is absent (or present at a lower than normal level or amount); for complete or almost complete absence, use subproperty ''isTheAbsenceOf''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess :GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ThingAbsent :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :GenericSubstance :AttributeValueType :Event :EventType :Capability :CapabilityType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :wasMissingFrom . :hadMother a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadMother' points from a BirthEvent to the female animal that gave birth during that BirthEvent. This relation is a subrelation of 'hadObjectModified', since the mother goes from pregnant to not-pregnant (or at least having fewer fetuses, since each live birth is a separate BirthEvent even when twins, triplets, etc. are eventually produced). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BirthEvent :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FemaleAnimal :AnimalType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified . :hadNewborn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadNewborn' points from a BirthEvent to the animal that is born during that BirthEvent. This relation is a subrelation of 'hadObjectModified', since the NewbornAnimal goes from fetal stage to free-living stage of development. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BirthEvent :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified . :hadObjectAnalyzed a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadObjectAnalyzed'' points from an Event of ''AnalyzingSomething'' to one or more ofthe objects or substances or Events that was analyzed by any means, animal senses or mechanical or chemical. detectors..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnalyzingSomething :Categorizing ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :Event :EventType :Group ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectPerceived . :hadObjectCleaned a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectCleaned' is a specialized relation pointing from a Cleaning Event to (at least) one of the objects that was cleaned by that Action. This relation is a subrelation of 'hadObjectModified', specifically indicating that the modification was a cleaning. We allow substances to be 'cleaned', as in purification of water by filtration or deionization. NOTE that when solid objects are cleaned, it is the ''OuterPhysicalSurface'' of the Object that is cleaned (except for containers), and specifing only the PhysicalObjectType for a cleaning action is by default interpreted to mean cleaning the external surface of that object. See e.g. ''WipingTheAnus'' """ ; rdfs:domain :CleaningEvent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified . :hadObjectClosed a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadObjectClosed'' is a specialized relation pointing from a ''ClosingSomething'' action to the thing 'Closed'. """ ; rdfs:domain :ClosingSomething ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalSpaceRegion :PhysicalObjectType :RegionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected . :hadObjectCovered a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectCovered' relates a 'CoveringSomething' Action to the SolidObject that was covered by that Action. The Object does not have to be completely covered; the action of 'Dressing' (putting on clothing) is a subtype. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CoveringSomething :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectTouched ; owl:inverseOf :wasCoveredInAction . :hadObjectCreated a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectCreated' points from an Event to (at least) one of the things (if any) that was created by that Action. This relation is a subrelation of 'hadObjectModified', specifically pointing to the objects of actions that were actually created (not merely affected) in an Event. NOTE that this relation can be used to assert that an Event creates a ''Role'' (an instance of ''RoleType'') This overlaps with relation ''produces'' - not yet (rev1305) properly distinguished. This should be for instances and ''produces'' for types, but the domain/range overlaps. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :RoleType :Group :GroupType :GenericSubstance :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :AttributeType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeValueType :QuantitativeAttributeType :QuantitativeAttributeValue :SubstanceShapeType :EnergyType :EmittableThingType :OccupationType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified ; owl:inverseOf :wasCreatedInEvent . :hadObjectExposed a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectExposed' points from an 'ExposingToView' Event to one of the objects was exposed to view. The exposre does not necessarily result in a perceiving of the exposed object, so 'hadObjectPerceived' may be used to express the fact that a perceiving did occur.""" ; rdfs:domain :ExposingToView ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Group :Event :EventType :SkilledActivityType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :wasExposedInEvent . :hadObjectFastened :en "fastened" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadObjectFastened'' is a specialized relation pointing from a ''Fastening'' Event to (at least) one of the objects that was fastened to another by that Action. If One of the Objects in the Fastening is stationary or much larger than the other, this will refer to the smaller or more mobile object.. """ ; rdfs:domain :Fastening ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected . :hadObjectFound a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectFound' points from a ''Finding-Generic'' Action to the ''FoundThing'' found by that Action. The'object' found can be of any type, abstract (e.g.MentalObjects) or concrete, or even an Attribute such as a ''Difference''. at 1361 replaced parent property 'hadThingAffected' with ''hadObjectPursued''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Finding-Generic ) ] ; rdfs:range :FoundThing ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectPursued, :hasResult ; owl:inverseOf :wasFoundInAction . :hadObjectHandled a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectHandled' points from a HandlingAnObject to (at least) one of the objects that was handled.. This relation, however, can also be used for the broader sense of 'handle' when the thing 'moved' or 'modified' or 'read' is a computer file. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HandlingAnObject :WorkingEvent ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :wasHandledInEvent . :hadObjectMeasured a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectMeasured' points from an Event of ''Measuring'' to one of the objects or substances or Events (e,g, reactions) that was measured, by any means, animal senses or mechanical, or chemical using any observable thing that can be measured, such as properties of objects,properties of substances,composition of objects or substances, bodily reactions to stimuli,.or anything else that can be 'measured' to produce a ''Measurement''or ''MeasureResult''. NOTE that for tests measuring the interactions of things with each other (e.g. effects of substances on organisms) there may be more than one value for this relation in the same test. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Measuring :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :Event :EventType :Group ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectPerceived . :hadObjectModified a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectModified' points from an Event to (at least) one of the objects (if any) that was modified by that Action. This relation is a subrelation of 'hadThingAffected', specifically pointing to the objects of actions that were actually modified (not merely moved) in an Event, such as being created or destroyed, or had parts severed or added. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalObject :GenericSubstance :AttributeValueType :QuantitativeAttributeType :QuantitativeAttributeValue :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Object :ObjectType :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceShapeType :Group :GroupType :EnergyType :Event :EventType :EmittableThingType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadChangedEntity, :hadThingAffected ; owl:inverseOf :isModifiedInEvent . :hadObjectMoved a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectMoved' points from a Motion or MotionType to (at least) one of the objects (or substances) that moved during that Motion. For this relation, a 'MoneyObject' is a kind of object that can be moved (transferred). This can be used for motions that are not translocations or transfers, such as motion in place (e.g. rotation). So neither ''hadObjectMoved'' nor ''hadThingTransferred'' is a subproperty of the other. This should be used for unintentional or intentional movement of physical objects, rather than the more generic ''hadThingTransferred'', which implies some intention in the transfer process. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Motion :CausingAnObjectToMove :MotionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MoneyObject :Object :ObjectType :GenericSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected ; owl:inverseOf :isMovedInEvent . :hadObjectObserved a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectObserved' points from an Event of seeing or observing to one of the objects or substances or Events that was observed, by any means, animal senses or mechanical visual detectors..""" ; rdfs:domain :Observing ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :Event :EventType :Group :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectPerceived . :hadObjectObtained a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectObtained' relates a ''Obtaining'' action to the Object, physical or abstract, that was acquired in the action. """ ; rdfs:domain :Obtaining ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingReceived ; owl:inverseOf :wasObtainedInAction . :hadObjectOpened a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectOpened' points from a 'OpeningSomething' Action to (at least) one of the objects that was opened. """ ; rdfs:domain :OpeningSomething ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericContainer :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectHandled . :hadObjectPaid a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectPaid' relates a 'Buying' Event to the 'ValuableThing' transferred during the Event, in exchange for something else. For transfer of Money in exchange for goods or services, use 'CashBuying'. This is a Case role for a 'Buying' Event. NOTE that this is not a Case Role for a 'Selling; Event, since the thing sold is usually not (though it can be) a 'MoneyObject'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Buying :Selling ) ] ; rdfs:range :ValuableThing ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingTransferred ; owl:inverseOf :wasPaidInEvent . :hadObjectPenetrated a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectPenetrated' is a specialized subrelation of 'hadThingAffected', used for events of type 'PenetratingSomething' which points from the PenetratingSomething event to the object that was penetrated during this event. 'PenetratingSomething' is sufficiently distinctive and important to humans (for cases of injury to the body) that it warrants a specialized relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified . :hadObjectPerceived a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectPerceived' points from an Event to one of the objects or substances that was perceived or detected, by any sense and any means, animal senses or mechanical (including optical) detectors. This is used for Events of perception, when the Object perceived may not be 'affected' and therefore it would be inappropriate to use 'hadThingAffected'. ??Should this be a subproperty of ''isaPerceptionOf''?? """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :Event :EventType :Group ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :hadObjectPreserved a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectPreserved' points from a 'ConservingAnObject' to the object(s) (or substances) that was preserved or conserved by the action (or, was intended to be preserved, whether or not successful). """ ; rdfs:domain :ConservingAnObject ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected . :hadObjectPursued a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectPursued' points from a ''Searching'' or ''Pursuing'' Action to the 'Thing' (of any kind) pursued in that Action. The 'object' pursued can be information (knowledge) or other abstract thing (status?) as well as ''PhysicalObject''s such as lost things or game animals. The subProperty 'hadObjectFound'' has a ''Finding-eneric'' as its domain. NOTE: ''Finding-Generic'' is included in the domain so that this property can be used as arent for ''hadObjectFound''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Searching :Pursuing :Finding-Generic :SearchingType ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected ; owl:inverseOf :wasPursuedInAction . :hadObjectRented a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectRented' points from a 'Renting' Event to the object(s) that were rented by the act of making the rental agreement, including hiring things that coe with operators such as taxicabs. The objects can be concrete or abstract,such as rights. This is for renting anything - cars, apartments, boats, user rights. However, financial instruments are not 'rented'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Renting :RentingState ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :wasRentedByAgreement . :hadObjectRepaired a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectRepaired' is a specialized relation pointing from a RepairingEvent to (at least) one of the objects that was Repaired by that Action. This relation is a subrelation of 'hadObjectModified', specifically indicating that the modification was a RepairingEvent. We allow substances to be 'repaired', as in purification of water by filtration or deionization, or mending of fabrics. """ ; rdfs:domain :RepairingEvent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified . :hadObjectRidden a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectRidden' points from a Riding Event to the object that was ridden in that Event. It is assumed that only one Object is ridden; if a performed rides multiple horses, use a Group as the Object that was ridden. The Object ridden can be an animal or a Device (or even, in rare cases, a floating log in a stream). """ ; rdfs:domain :Riding ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :requiredInstrument . :hadObjectRisked a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectRisked' is a specialized relation pointing from a 'RiskingSomething' to the something that was risked in the action. The FOL version should specify somehow that the thing that was risked is 'at risk' until the outcome is known (which can be quickly or take quite a while to discover). The range is that inherited from the parent relations ('hasParticipant' and others) """ ; rdfs:domain :RiskingSomething ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected . :hadObjectStruck a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectStruck' points from a 'StrikingAnObjectEvent' to the object(s) that was struck(the slow moving object in a contact). """ ; rdfs:domain :StrikingAnObjectEvent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected . :hadObjectTended a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadObjectTended'' is a specialized relation pointing from a ''TakingCareOfSomething'' action or Process to the thing 'taken care of' (i.e. tended).. Usually the thing tended is a PhysicalObject, but we leave 'Region' in so that a guarding something that is considered 'taking care' of it may also refer to some Region. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TakingCareOfSomething :TakingCareOfSomethingProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalSpaceRegion :PhysicalObjectType :RegionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected . :hadObjectTouched a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectTouched' points from a Touching to (at least) one of the objects that was touched during that Touching For the case of intentional Touching, this relation points to both the Agent (or part of an Agent) doing the touching and the thing touched by the Agent. See,e.g. 'FeelingWithTheHand'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Touching :TouchingState :PhysicalContactMakingEvent :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected . :hadOrganismKilled a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Relates a ''Killing'' Event or EventType to the Organism(s) typically killed in that Event. This can be for any ''LifeForm''', whether active or dormant: plant, animal, microorganism, virus. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Killing :Disaster :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LifeForm :OrganismType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadAgentHarmed ; owl:inverseOf :wasKilledInEvent . :hadOriginalAndRecoveredState a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadOriginalAndRecoverdState' is a specialized relation to express the meaning of 'Returning', indicating what was the original state (attribute, ocation) to which the participating entity has reverted. NOTE that for simplicity the label says 'state' but the relation may also specify an attribute or location that had changed and to which the system or participant has returned. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BecomingEvent :Returning :Cycle :CycleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :AttributeValue :GenericLocation :EventType :AttributeValueType :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadChangedEntity . :hadQualitativeAttribute :en "was", "were" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hadQualitativeAttribute relates individual Objects or substances to some qualitative attribute (a subclass of QualitativeAttributeValue) that the object had at one time, but no longer has. @NOTused1371 @ToDo: This might be more useful when the ''QualitativeAttributeValue'' is actually a comparative form: e.g 'X was smaller'. This needs more work, when language processing is added to the project. The English connective that is approximately equivalent is 'was': 'X was White' (e.g. before it became stained). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :GenericSubstance :Object :GeometricFigure :Event :Group :ObjectType :EventType :AgentType :SubstanceType :GroupType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hadRateOfChange a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadRateOfChange' relates a 'FunctionalProcess' or 'Event' to the rate of change ('Rate') of some 'Attribute' or 'Quantity' of some Participant that is changing during some TimeInterval the process. This can also be used to specify the average rate of change of something during a whole Event. NOTE that the domain includes 'FunctionalProcess' which means that abstract processes can be described (as, change in information). The past tense 'had' is used in the label to indicate that this shouild be used for processes for which the appropriate TimeInterval has already occured. Because there are several facets to this concept, the relation points to 'AttributeRateOfChange', which is an 'ArityGroup' specifying the thing changing; the time interval; the rate of change; and the Attribute changing. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess :ProcessType ) ] ; rdfs:range :AttributeRateOfChange . :hadRecipient a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hadRecipient relates a Providing to the Agent to whom the thing was given (for cases where the recipient was an agent).. This is a Case role for the GivingEvent, which includes specializations such as property transfer. Things that are tranferred may be abstract (such as Rights) or tangible. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:InformationTransferEvent :Providing :HelpingAnAgent :GivingSomethingAbstract :Advocacy :SupportingAction ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType :Action :ActionType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadBeneficiary ; owl:inverseOf :isTheRecipientOf . :hadReducedEntity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadReducedEntity' is a specialized relation to express the meaning of 'reduce', indicating what has been reduced in a 'DecreaseEvent'. The range can include any type of thing. The 'reduction' can be spontaneous or caused by an Agent. This is for instances of 'DecreaseEvent's; for types use 'causesDecreaseIn'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DecreaseEvent :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :causesDecreaseIn, :hadChangedEntity ; owl:inverseOf :isReducedByEvent . :hadRestoredObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """points from an Event to some Object (or SubstanceType or Event or State) that was damaged in the Event. 'Damage' can be to lose some element of functionality, which may be relevant to the purposes of some particular Agent. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified, :improves ; owl:inverseOf :wasRestoredInEvent . :hadRoleFiller a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :filledTheSubjectRoleIn . :hadThingAffected :guid "bd58bae6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadThingAffected' points from an Event that is expressed by a transitive or ditransitive verb (creating a sentence with an object) to one of the grammatical objects (direct or indirect) that is affected by the Event. The 'Thing' affected can be of any Type. (Object, Substances, or Attributes, in spite of being called 'grammatical objects') that participated in the Event, that existed at the beginning of the Event and (may have) had one of its properties changed; this is one specialization of the semantic **patient** relation, but for Events with a subject and object, not for intransitive uses.. This does not (usually) point to the grammatical 'subject' of the Event. There may be intermediary or hybrid situations where the distinction between subject and object is not clear, and in such cases the parent relation 'hasParticipant' may be most appropriate. For intransitive Events the relation 'hadMainParticipant' should be used to describe the thing most affected. For things created in an Event, use 'causedCreationOf' or'produced'. The Object pointed to must be one whose Property(ies) are one of the 'fluents' that is a value of the FunctionalProcess that results in the Event. This relation captures the notion of a 'patient' in the usual Event representations, being the notion of something that was 'acted on' in an Event. This case role should not be used for the agent in an Event, unless the Agent was acting on itself (as in Suicide). In COSMO it is not necessary that the object of this relation actually have some property changed - something may be 'touched' in an event and fulfill the role of the thing 'acted on' without any of its perceptible properties actually being changed. However, for objects of an act of perception, this relation should not be used - use 'hadObjectPerceived'. NOTE that as a subproperty of 'hadChangedEntity', this property implies that the Object affected is in some way changed - though the change can be as simple as changing its location. This is similar to case relations that are labeled as 'patient' - the thing acted on in an Event. A related relation that relates Actions to the types of things that are affected is 'isAnActionOnType'. For static events, representing a state continuing unchanged over some period of time, the Object(s) that is 'affected' by the Event is the Object(s) whose properties ('fluents') are unchanged in that interval, which will be the Objects whose state the ontologist intends to describe with that Event representation. This type is similar to Cyc relation 'objectActedOn': Cyc: The predicate #$objectActedOn is used to relate an event to any object significantly affected in that event. The entity or entities in question must exist before the event, but may be either destroyed in the event (see the more specific predicate #$inputsDestroyed), or merely affected by it (for example, see the more specific predicates #$damages and #$objectOfStateChange). (#$objectActedOn EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is altered or affected in EVENT, and the change that OBJECT undergoes is central or focal to understanding EVENT. Thus, scissors are _not_ an #$objectActedOn in a #$HairCuttingEvent. The focal change in a haircut is hair getting shorter; thus, hair is a legitimate #$objectActedOn in a #$HairCuttingEvent. The almost microscopic dulling that scissors undergo in a single haircut is a comparatively insignificant change with respect to a single haircut, considered as a #$HairCuttingEvent.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Receiving :Providing :HelpingAnAgent :GivingSomethingAbstract :Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess :ProcessType :DitransitiveObjectPair :SearchingType :Benefiting :PaymentAmount ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadChangedEntity, :hasDirectObject, :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :wasAffectedByEvent . :hadThingOwed a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadThingOwed' points from an Owing (a State) or a 'Debt' (an Obligation) to the thing (object, money, Action) that is owed by one agent to another agent. This is a specialized case role for the verb 'owe'. It is in the past tense, as Events (including States) in COSMO are considered as bounded in time, even if they are not 'Finished' at the time of an assertion about the Event. NOTE that 'SomethingOwed' is a Role, and various things may be owed (an object, a service, a sum of money). Roles are time bounded, and a debt should have a starting and ending time, represented by the bounds of 'SomethingOwed' if the end time is known. If not, there are other types that can serve to specify the thing owed without requiring the Role time-bounds to be specified. Instances of 'Owing' are related to the agents and thing owed by the specialized relations: hadAgentOwing hadAgentOwed hadThingOwed """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Owing :Debt ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SomethingOwed :Object :FutureSituation :MoneyObject :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :ObjectType :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :hadThingReceived a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadObjectAcquired' relates a ''Obtaining'' action to the something that was acquired in the action. The thing obtained is usually an Object, physical or abstract. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Receiving :DitransitiveObjectPair ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingTransferred, :hasDirectObject ; owl:inverseOf :wasReceivedInAction . :hadThingTransferred :en "transferred" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadThingTransferred' points from a 'GeneralizedTransfer' to any 'Thing' that was transferred in the Event. The thing transferred may be any of the things that can be the 'patient' in a 'GeneralizedTransfer', including object, substances. information, abstract objects, without restriction. This can, for example, be used to indicate which InfectiousAgent was transferred in an 'InfectingEvent'. This can be used for motions that are not translocations or transfers, such as motion in place (e.g. rotation). So neither ''hadObjectMoved'' nor ''hadThingTransferred'' is a subproperty of the other. NOTE: A ''GeneralizedTransfer'' could be viewed as a ''BecomingEvent'' (a change in some property) but as of rev1661 that is not one of the parents. Because ''BecomingEvent'' is disjoint with a PersistentState, this needs more consideration to assure that there are no contradictions for such a treatment. @ToDo. For the more specific physical movement of physical objects, the relation ''hadObjectMoved'' should be used, as long as the movement is not a motion in place (e.g. a rotation). But a 'Motion'' is not necessarily a ''Transfer'' so some but not all Motions will be ''GeneralizedTransfer''s,and the two relations may be needed at times. Perhaps should be reorganized?? """, """hadThingTransferred relates a GeneralizedTransfer event to the thing transferred during the Event. Note that more than one thing may be transferred in an Event, and in particular each Transaction has at least two things transferred, to different recipients This is a Case role for the GeneralizedTransfer event, which includes specializations such as CashBuying, Communication or property transfer or contributing effort to an activity . Things that are tranferred may be abstract or tangible, so the range is not restricted.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeneralizedTransfer :DitransitiveObjectPair ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :wasTransferredInEvent . :hadTransferredMember a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadGroup' relates some a 'GroupTransfer' (into or out of a Group) to the Object (usually an 'IntelligentAgent') that joins or leaves the Group. Groups may also join into larger Groups, as in the United Nations or a Chamber of Commerce. 'SubstanceType' is included as a possible member of a Group, as in a drug being included or excluded from a list of approved drugs. """ ; rdfs:domain :GroupTransfer ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Organization :Group :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :hadTransportedObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hadTransportedObject points from a TransportationEvent to some Person or Cargo that was transported during that TransportationEvent. To know what TransportationDevice was used, it is necessary to find the referenced Event and find the TransportationDevice used in that Event. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Conveying-Generic :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Person :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectMoved ; owl:inverseOf :wasTransportedInEvent . :hadWrappingMaterial a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadWrappingMaterial' relates a 'CoveringSomething' Action to the SolidObject that was covered by that Action. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CoveringSomething :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :requiredInstrument ; owl:inverseOf :wasTheWrappingInWrappingEvent . :hardly :ldoce "hardly" ; :wnsense "barely1adv", "hardly1adv", "hardly2adv", "just5adv", "scarce1adv", "scarcely1adv" ; :wordnet "barely", "hardly", "just", "scarce", "scarcely" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'hardly'is an adverb having the general meaning 'almost not'. It is a variety of 'almost', but there are no direct connections yet (v0.54) in COSMO - that may have to be implemented procedurally, in a Lexical Expert. The sense of 'very recently' (he just arrived) is not included in this sense, though it is mixed in the WordNet synset.. See also 'almost'. Whereas 'almost X' means X did *not* occur, 'hardly X' means that X *did* occur. These words express 'near miss' and 'near hit', on two sides of the borderline of an Event happening or not happening. 'hardly' has several senses in the Random House Webster, of which sense 1 is the meaning represented here: 1. only just; almost not; barely: We had hardly reached the lake when it started raining. hardly any; hardly ever. 2. not at all; scarcely: That report is hardly surprising. 3. with little likelihood: He will hardly come now. 4. forcefully or vigorously. 5. with pain or difficulty. 6. Brit. harshly or severely. 7. hard. Corresponds to both adverb senses of 'hardly' and sense 1 of 'barely' and sense 5 of 'just' in WordNet: 1. (37) barely, hardly, just, scarcely, scarce - (by a small margin; 'they could barely hear the speaker'; 'we hardly knew them'; 'just missed being hit'; 'had scarcely rung the bell when the door flew open'; 'would have scarce arrived before she would have found some excuse to leave'- W.B.Yeats) 2. (2) hardly, scarcely - (almost not; 'he hardly ever goes fishing'; 'he was hardly more than sixteen years old'; 'they scarcely ever used the emergency generator') """ . :hardnessOfObject :guid "bd58ae1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In COSMO separate relations for different properties not needed, just refer to the quantitative attribute value. @ToDo: add hardness scale. CYC: (#$hardnessOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the instance of #$SolidTangibleThing OBJ has this DEGREE of #$Hardness.""" . :has :en "has" ; :ldoce "have" ; :wnsense "have1v", "have3v", "have4v", "have7v" ; :wordnet "have" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The relation 'has' is a broad relation with no inherent semantics, usable primarily to construct ad-hoc relations where a more direct and specific relation has not been defined, and where creating a more general relation would be unneccessarily computationally ccomplex and would proliferate specialized relations that hinder semantic interoperability. See also ''ConceptLinkage'' and ''UniqueThingInaContext'' and''AgentInRole'' as other mechanisms to avoid unnecessary proliferation of elements. This relation can be used to merely allow creation of a semantically vacuous link that a reasoner (such as SPARQL or a neural network) can use to infer existence of *some* related entity without other logical implication. \" Instance \" \" ConceptLinkage \" \" Attachment \" \" holdsInTimeInterval \" \" Role \" \" Difference \" **BUT** This is particularly useful where some type (owl:Class) has already been defined and therefore can serve as an element in creating a relation that might be defined as a separate relation (e.g.'hasFather'), thereby prolferating ObjectRelation instances that can be inferred by the use of this relation. To create such an ad-hoc relation (a pseudo-'owl:ObjectProperty') one can create an instance of the type (owl:Class) ''InstanceOfType'' and link that instance to the subject by this property. This can be used effectively where some subtype of ''Role'' is defined without some specific relation (such as ''hasFather'') pointing to that Role. Then an instance of type ''InstanceOfType'' can be created and pointed to by this ''has'' relation. Since the relations ''holdsInTimeInterval'' and ''holdsAtLocation'' can be used with Roles, these relations can add to the detail about when and were that Role is being played by the subject of the ''has'' relation.. This can also be used in connection with the relations ''of'' or ''inContext'' to express ternary (or higher?) relations involving Roles (use ''of'') or other types of entities Although other relations beginning with 'has' might be considered as suproperties of this owl:property, adding in such subproperty assertions would not add to the semantic content of those relations, because this relation has no restrictions for domain or range. In the 'has' relation can be use to represent multiple arity relations. But a subproperty relation may be useful in some cases. @ToDo: try some examples to see where it might be useful). In WordNet 'The verb have has 19 senses (first 19 from tagged texts)' this could represent any of those senses - semantically almost vacuous, except that it is contradictory to the verb 'lacks'. NOTE: the kind of database table that associates an entity of a particular type that is associated with the individual represented in some row is one way of representing and understaning the meaning of this relation. Thus to determine which are the ''HighestPoint''s for ''Continents'' one can use the SPARQL query: ******** PREFIX cosmo: #http://micra.com/COSMO/COSMO.owl#> SELECT ?obj ?att WHERE { ?obj rdf:type cosmo:Continent. ?obj cosmo:has ?att . ?att rdf:type cosmo:HighestPoint} ******* Where the'#' symbol must be replaced by a left-angle-bracket (which cannnot be included in text in OWL). See the example under ''Asia'' for use of 'has'' in this way. """ ; owl:inverseOf :isHadBy . :hasAbbreviation a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAbbreviation' points from an AbstractString to a shorter lexical datatype string that is used in text as an abbreviation. Any single character or lexical string in unicode may be the symbol. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractString owl:Thing ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasAbstractRepresentation :ldoce "represent" ; :wnsense "represent1v", "represent2v" ; :wordnet "represent" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAbstractRepresentation' (and its inverse 'isanAbstractRepresentationOf') relates some thing to an abstract thing that is intendd to represent it. The subject of 'hasAbstractRepresentation' can be anything, and only the object is restricted in type to things that are abstract. NOTE that an abstract image can 'represent' another abstract image - .if it is in a different format, or slightly modified for some purpose such as increasing or reducing the resolution. NOTE: For the relation that relates a 'PhysicalObject' (such as a 'Book-Physical') to some abstract representation of it, use 'isaPhysicalRepresentationOf' or (for the reverse direction) its inverse 'hasPhysicalRepresentation'. One usage example is to allow related abstract representations of **unique** abstract objects, such as the English letter 'a'. This unique entity may be represented by related abstract objects, such as the small letter 'a' or the capital letter 'A' or the letter 'a' in any of an unlimited number of type fonts and sizes. This illustrates the difference between the forward and reverse directions, in that the subject of the forward direction ***can be but is not necessarily** a unique individual. Thus, if one wants to describe alternate abstract representations of a unique abstract thing, this is the relation to use. But it can also serve to relate non-unique abstract things to their non-unique representations. Any mental object is itself abstract in the sense of having no mass. NOTE also that, just as the representation pointed to by this relation may only have a part that actually represents the subject matter (other parts may represent other subject matters), the subject of the inverse relation 'isanAbstractRepresentationOf' may only have a part that is the representation of the object - for example, an abstract image may have many people in it, and it will be an abstract representation of each of those people, individually. of that relation. Corresponds aproximately to part of verb senses 1 and 2 of 'represent' in WordNet: 1. (39) represent, stand for, correspond - (take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to; 'Because of the sound changes in the course of history, an 'h' in Greek stands for an 's' in Latin') 2. (30) typify, symbolize, symbolise, stand for, represent - (express indirectly by an image, form, or model; be a symbol; 'What does the Statue of Liberty symbolize?') """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Communication :AbstractObject :AbstractObjectType :MentalObject :InformationBearingThing :AbstractEvent :Proposition :TextualPCW :AbstractText :Phrase ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasRepresentation ; owl:inverseOf :isanAbstractRepresentationOf . :hasAbstractStringRepresentation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasAbstractStringRepresentation relates an entity to an AbstractString that represents that entity. Note that in this ontology, the 'AbstractString' can be named in any way. The actual string representation, if not a single word, will generally be found by finding the datatype value of the relation 'hasStringRepresentation' for the AbstractString that represents the entity. This convoluted way of finding the string representation is made necessary by the requirements of implementation in computers, and the unique name requirement for ontology elements.""" ; rdfs:range :AbstractString ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAbstractRepresentation . :hasActiveIngredient a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasActiveIngredient is used to specify that some particular substance, usually a mixture, necessarily contains within it a component Substance which imparts some characteristic properties to the whole Substance. The ActiveIngredient may be a drug substance, or an inorganic substance such as a disinfectant or cleanser in a household product. There may be more than one ActiveIngredient in a mixture. For cases where there is only one significant ActiveIngredient, use the subrelation 'hasMainActiveIngredient'..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentSubstance . :hasAdverbialForm a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "." ; rdfs:domain :QualitativeAttributeType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Adverb :AdverbialModifier :AdverbType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheAdverbialFormOf . :hasAffectedEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hadAffectedEvent' points from an Event to another Event or EventType that may be affected in some way by the subject Event; this is to allow specifying that a subsequent event may have some of its properties (including feasibility) changed by a prior Event, without having to be specific about the changes that can be 'caused' bu a prior Event. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :ableToAffect, :hadThingAffected, :hasDirectObject . :hasAgeInYears a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasAgeInYears'' relates an Object to its 'age' (the time lapsed since it was created or born) in years. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quantifier :QuantifierType ) ] . :hasAlias a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasAlias relates one name of a person or ''GeopoliticalEntity'' or other individual thing that is referred to by more than one name another name, the latter being one not given at birth. The first name (subject name) of the relation does not have to be the official name given at birth, it can also be an 'Alias'""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GeopoliticalEntity ) ] ; rdfs:range :Name . :hasAlternative a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAlternative' is the most general relation relating alternatives, and may be applied to any kind of entity - Event, Object, Substance, or Attribute (e.g. red color may be an alternative to blue). This relates the two entities in an AlternativePair. NOTE: for more than two alternatives, a different relation is needed. """ . :hasAltitude a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """An instance-level relation that specifies the the Altitude above the sea level datum of the (approximate) centroid location of an (object or Region). For points, the location should be exact, within the error of measurement. The value of this relation is an 'AltitudeValue', consisting of a quantifier and unit of Length.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :PhysicalObject :GeographicalArea ) ] ; rdfs:range :AltitudeValue ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAt . :hasAnImageOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAnImageOf' relates an AbstractImage (or a PhysicalImage or a series of images, such as the still frames of a Movie) to the physical entity (or one of the entities) that it has (at least some recognizable) some Image of. NOTE that the Object pointed to may be only a small part of the actual AbstractImage, but it should have sufficient resolution to provide useful information about the object (e.g. if an individual person, be recognizable as that person). For an abstract image that has a PhysicalObhject as a primary subject, use 'isanImageOf'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractImage :PhysicalImage ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :representsObject . :hasAnInterestIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAnInterestIn' relates an IntelligentAgent to some 'TopicOfInterest' (or TopicType) that that agent (may) find interesting and germane enough to his/her Role to spend some time 'pursuing'. The range is not restricted to ''Topic'' (which is a ''MentalObject'') so that this relation can be used to apply to anything - Object, Event, Attribute - that may be of interest to any Intelligentagent.""" ; rdfs:domain :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TopicType :ObjectType :EventType :AttributeValueType :TopicOfInterest :Object :Event :Attribute ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isAnInterestOf . :hasApproximateShape a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasApproximateShape' relates abstract figures, substances, substance types, or individual objects to one or more shapes (subtypes of 'ShapeAttribute') that **approximately** describe the spatial form of that entity. The subproperty ''hasShape'' can be used for things that are perceptually close to the reference shape type, even if not geometrically identical. For abstract geometric figures, the shape may be precise, with infinitely precise edges. Using this replation rather than the subproperty ''hasShape'' suggests that the shape is only very roughly similar to the shape type referenced. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :PhysicalObject :ObjectType :GeometricFigure :RegionType :Region :Phenomenon ) ] ; rdfs:range :ShapeType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasApproximateValue a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasApproximateValue' relates an instance of 'Number' to a numerical value that approximates the number; this is useful for representing numbers like 'pi', 'e', and square roots that have an infinite number of decimla places. """ ; rdfs:domain :Number ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasAssets :guid "bd58bef9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "have", "own" ; :wnsense "have4v", "own1v" ; :wordnet "have", "own" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc named 'assets'. Cyc comment: Assets are economic resources (things of value) owned by an agent which are expected to benefit future operations. NOTE that hasAssets is a subproperty of 'owns' and therefore must point to something fully owned by the agent. If a LegalAgent has only a part ownership in something, that part ownership must be reified as an entity in itself in order to use this relation to point to that part ownership as an asset. This corresponds to part of verb sense 1 (the only sense)of 'own' and verb sense 4 of 'have' in WordNet: 1. (47) own, have, possess - (have ownership or possession of; 'He owns three houses in Florida'; 'How many cars does she have?') WN 'have' """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :owns . :hasAssocatedObligations a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAssocatedObligations' relates a BindingAgreement (including 'Contract') to some set of Obligations (an 'ObligationGroup' arising from creation of those MentalObjects. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BindingAgreement ) ] ; rdfs:range :ObligationGroup ; owl:inverseOf :areAssociatedObligationsOf . :hasAssociatedAgent a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isAssociatedWithAgent . :hasAssociatedGroupType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasAssociatedGroupType relates an Organization to one or more Types of Groups that are intimately associated with the organization, and sometimes are referred to as if they were the Organization itself. For Organizations that have 'members' the Group would be OrganizationMembers; for a Fleet, it is TheShipsOfTheFleet. The Group is referred to by type in this relation, thus the range is owl#Class. """ ; rdfs:domain :Organization ; rdfs:range :GroupType . :hasAssociatedObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAssociatedObject' relates one PhysicalObject (or PhysicalObjectType) to another PhysicalObject that is associated with it in some significant way. The subproperty 'hasPhysicalPart' is the most common, but this relation can also be used to specify 'attributes' of Objects that involve some relation with other Objects. For example, a Fingerprint is an Object, and an Object cannot be an Attribute, therefore a Fingerprint cannot be the value of a 'hasAttributeValue' relation. However, an AttributeValue ('FingerprintAttribute') can be defined that points to a Fingerprint using this relation. Other such specialized AttributeValues may also be conveniently described this way.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :AttributeValueType :AttributeValue ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] . :hasAtomicNumber :en "has atomic number" ; a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAtomicNumber' relates a 'ChemicalElement' to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. """ ; rdfs:domain :ElementType ; rdfs:range xsd:int ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasProtonCount . :hasAttemptedAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAttemptedAction' is a narrowly focused relation linking an AttemptingActivity to the Action attempted. """ ; rdfs:domain :AttemptingActivity ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] . :hasAttribute :ldoce "have" ; :wnsense "have1v" ; :wordnet "have" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasAttribute relates an Object or Substance to some Attribute which the Object has. This can be used to point to various types of attributes possessed by the subject, but also has a specialized function, pointing to attributes that are related to an ''AttributeType'' (an instance of ''AttributeTypeType'') by the relation ''hasAttributeType''. In this usage, each Attribute will explictly include an AttributeType and an AttributeValue. This relation allows the creation of highly specific relations between specialized entities without creating a new relation (ObjectProperty in OWL). The ''Attribute'' will have a pointer to some AttributeType and to some value for that attribute. This minimizes the need for specialized ObjectProperties or the use of multiple-arity relations to point to all of the different components of the attribute. For example. to assert that something has a particular 'Age'' value, one can use ''hasAttribute'' and point to an ''\"AgeInYears'' which points to ''Age'' as the ''AttributeType' and points to ''TimeDuration-Years'' as the object of the ''hasAttributeValue'' relation. The same effect can be achieved by using the specialized relation ''hasAgeInYears'' which points to a ''Quantifier'' that can take any numerical value. The ''hasAttribute'' ObjectProperty can be used to obviate the need for such a apecialized relation, using instead a specialized value that is defined by existing ObjectProperties. See also ObjectProperty 'has' for a related way to avoid unnecessary proliferation of ObjectProperties difficult to relate to other entities in the ontology. The relation 'has' can be used to relate entities when no other property seems to have the proper meaning. If any given type of relation ocurs ultiple times, then a specialized ObjectProperty should be created. ''hasAttribute'' is particularly useful for cases where an AttributeValue may measure more than one AttributeType, using this relation may leave ambiguity as to its precise meaning. This may be used where it is desirable or necessary to explicitly specify the AttributeType as well as the value. Thus a Length will have 'Length' as its AttributeType and some length measure as the value. e.g. 'Mount Everest has a height of 26000 feet'. NOTE that this property is a subproperty of ''compactedRelation'. This is a means of allowing OWL to represent relations of arity higher than two - each subproperty of ''compactedRelation''will point to an entity that serves to contain all of the arguments that would be needed to specify the intended meaning. In COSMO the formalism is adopted that an instance of Attribute can also be an instance of TimeSlice. If hasAttribute points to an instance of Attribute that is an instance of TimeSlice, that is equivalent to specifying that the Attribute applies at all points in the duration of the TimeSlice, i.e. remains constant during that time interval. NOTE That if an Object is specified as having some Attribute during some interval of time, that is equivalent to specifying the existence of a PersistentState for that Object during that interval. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'have' in WordNet ('has a reddish color'; 'has a length of 30 feet'): in WordNet: 1. (1202) have, have got, hold - (have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; 'She has $1,000 in the bank'; 'He has got two beautiful daughters'; 'She holds a Master's degree from Harvard') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :Group :ObjectType :GeometricFigure :PhysicalSubstance :Event :EventType :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeTypeType :AttributeValueType :Capability :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :compactedRelation ; owl:inverseOf :isAnAttributeOf . :hasAttributeAfter a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAttributeAfter' is a specialized relation, relating a Change (in Attribute values) to the value after the change. The corresponding relation, pointing to the value before the change, is 'hasAttributeBefore'. NOTE that because abstract Changes can be represented (the rotation of a geometric figure) that are not situated in time, the 'before' and 'after' do not necessarily relate to positions on the physical time line. """ ; rdfs:domain :Change ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasSecondElement . :hasAttributeBefore a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAttributeBefore' is a specialized relation, relating a Change (in Attribute values) to the value before the change. The corresponding relation, pointing to the value after the change, is 'hasAttributeAfter'. NOTE that because abstract Changes can be represented (the rotation of a geometric figure) that are not situated in time, the 'before' and 'after' do not necessarily relate to positions on the time line.""" ; rdfs:domain :Change ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasFirstElement . :hasAttributeChanged a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAttributeChanged' is a specialized relation, relating a BecomingEvent to the AttributeValue or AttributeType that has changed (if any attributes were explictly changed). The Object may be abstract, and the Change can be any operation (such as a mathematical operation), not merely an Event situated in time.""" ; rdfs:domain :BecomingEvent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValue :AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType ) ] . :hasAttributeOfComparison a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasAttributeOfComparison' relates an instance of 'AttributeComparison' to the AttributeType (an instance of AttributeTypeType) for the two entities being compared. For example,if the length of two objects is being compared, the value for this relation will be 'Length'. """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeComparison . :hasAttributeType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasAttributeType relates an ''Attribute'' to the Type of the attribute. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Attribute :Difference :AttributeValueChange ) ] ; rdfs:range :AttributeTypeType . :hasAttributeValue :en "is" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasAttributeValue relates an Object or Substance or Event to some AttributeValue which the Object may have. Each AttributeValue will be a value for at least one AttributeType, but this relation does not specify the AttributeType. For cases where an AttributeValue may measure more than one AttributeType (such as LengthMeasure, which can specify length, width, height, altitude, distance, etc.), using this relation may leave ambiguity as to its precise meaning. NOTE that the term 'heterogeneity' is included as a synonym. Although the '-ness' forms of attributes can be used to refer to 'states' of things, in the type of usage in COSMO where attributes are asserted with the relation 'hasAttribute' to say that something 'has heterogenity' is indistinguishable from saying 'it has the quality heterogeneous'. If the usage were to be to say 'X *is* heterogeneous', then to say 'X *is* heterogeneity' would be an odd usage, So generally the difference between a base QualitativeAttributeValue and the '-ness' form depends on the way it is used, indicating that the '-ness' form can have alternative meanings. Here the '-ness' form is considered a synonym of the base attribute form, unless the '-ness' form designates a range of potential attributes of different intensity. COSMO Note: AttributeValues may be either classes (instances of AttributeValueType), or instances of AttributeValue. This allows one to express an attribute as a region (e.g. colors will bw classes, not instances, to permit subclassing), or for quantitative measures as instances (e.g. '25 feet'). Also, where one has attribute values that are ranges of values and other attribute values as subtype with included ranges, 'MeasureType' will allow one to use classes to represent the ranges so that they can also be subtyped. For quantitative measures, the representation of measurements as classes would be conceptually permissible (the class representing the set of possible values, determined by the measured value and possible error), or as instances of measure to which an uncertainty value has been attached. The specific subrelations (subproperties, in OWL) of 'hasAttributeValue' will in some cases have their range restricted to AttributeValueType of AttributeValue. For qualitative attribute values, this relation can often be expressed simply as 'is'. If an agent 'hasAttributeValue' 'Bald' then the agent 'is bald'. And so on for other attributes. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :GenericSubstance :Object :GeometricFigure :Event :Group :ObjectType :EventType :AgentType :SubstanceType :GroupType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeValue :Number :TimeDuration :MeasureType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isAnAttributeValueOf . :hasAuthorityOver a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Represents the multiplier value of a 'UOMPrefix', as a COSMO Integer or NthRatio, e.g. 'N_1000' or 'N_1_1000'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Authority :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] . :hasAverage :en "has the average" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isTheAverageOf . :hasBaseForm a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasBaseForm' relates a word in some non-base morphological form to the base form, which is the form indexedin dictionaries. For verbs, the base form is the infinitie; for nouns, the singular; and for adjectives, the positive (rather than comparative or superlative) """ ; rdfs:domain :Word ; rdfs:range :Word . :hasBeliever :ldoce "believe" ; :wnsense "believe1v", "believe4v" ; :wordnet "believe" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasBeliever' points from a Opinion or Proposition or Belief (or BeliefSystem) to some IntelligentAgent (or group) that holds that Belief or supports that Proposition. For more detail see comments in 'believes' relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :Knowledge :DivineBeing :MythicalThing :TopicType :SystemType :BeliefType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonType :IntelligentAgent :FictionalCharacter :GroupType :Group ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :believes . :hasBirthTime a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasBirthTime relates an instanve of Organism (which will usually be a Person) to the the Time on which s/he was born. If the birth time is unknown, a value of '-1' can be used. NOTe that the domain includes 'Attribute' so as to allow this relation to be used more perspicuously instead of 'hasSecondElement' in 'AgeValue' instances. This is not essential, just a concesskion to comprehensibility of the ontology. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organism :AgeValue ) ] ; rdfs:range :BirthTime . :hasBirthplace :en "birthplace", "has birthplace", "was born at", "was born in" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasBirthplace'' relates a person to the the place (Country, state, or municipality, town village) in which s/he was born. If the birthplace was not an officially recognized geopolitical municipality type, the location closest in type to a municipality that is listed in some official database should be used. """ ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Place :LocationType ) ] . :hasBodyHeight a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """An attribute specifically to describe the height of a person. For a Person, the 'height' and 'length' are identical.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasHeight, :hasLength . :hasBodyHeightInMeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasBodyHeightInMeters has the same intended meaning as 'hasBodyHeight', except that the unit of measure is implied (the measure is in meters) and does not need to be represented explicitly in the value, which for this relation is a floating point number.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasBodypartMoved a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasBodypartMoved' is a subrelation of 'hadObjectMoved' for Actions that move one or more specific bodyparts.""" ; rdfs:range :AnimalBodyPartType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectMoved, :requiredBodypart . :hasBoilingPoint a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasBoilingPoint'' relates an instance ''SubstanceType'' (i,e, a substance as represented in COSMO) or of PhysicalSubstance (or any its subtypes) to the temperature at which it boils in the atmosphere, ie. the temperature at which the VaporPressure is 760 mm Hg, or atmospheric pressure. This property can be deduced if some VaporPressure is asserted for which the pressure component is 760 mm Hg.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :TemperatureMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasBottomLeftLat a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasBottomLeftLat relates a GeographicMap to the Latitude coordinate that bounds the Map at the bottom left (Southwestern-most) point represented by the image.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRectangle :GeographicMap ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasBottomLeftLong a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasBottomLeftLong relates a GeographicMap to the Longitude coordinate that bounds the Map at the bottom left (Southwestern-most) point represented by the image.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRectangle :GeographicMap ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasBottomRightLat a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasBottomRightLat relates a GeographicMap to the Latitude coordinate that bounds the Map at the bottom right (Southeastern-most) point represented by the image.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRectangle :GeographicMap ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasBottomRightLong a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasBottomRightLong relates a GeographicMap to the Longitude coordinate that bounds the Map at the bottom right (Southeastern-most) point represented by the image.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRectangle :GeographicMap ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasBranch :en "has branch", "has the branch" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasBranch'' points from one ''FieldOfStudy'' to another more specialized (having fewer Topics) ''FieldOfStudy'' which is considered to be part of the larger ''FieldOfStudy''. A 'Branch' if reified as a type would be a Role for some ''FeldOfStudy''. """ ; rdfs:domain :FieldOfStudy ; rdfs:range :FieldOfStudy ; owl:inverseOf :isaBranchOf . :hasCapability :en "able to", "is able to", "is adequate for", "is adequate to", "is capable of", "is up to" ; :ldoce "can", "could" ; :wnsense "able1adj", "able2adj", "able3adj", "capable4adj" ; :wordnet "able", "capable" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCapability relates an Agent or Object or SubstanceType to some type of Action that the Agent or Object or SubstanceType has the ability to perform or serve as instrument in. Linguistically this relation is expressed by phrases such as 'is able to' or 'can' or 'is capable of' or 'has the ability to' (see also attribute 'Ability' and 'Capability') NOTE: 'can' and 'could' in the sense of 'is able to' is not in the WOrdnet vocabulary. Includes adjective senses 1,2, and 3 of 'able' in WordNet: 1. (70) able - - ((usually followed by 'to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something; 'able to swim'; 'she was able to program her computer'; 'we were at last able to buy a car'; 'able to get a grant for the project') 2. (7) able, capable - - (have the skills and qualifications to do things well; 'able teachers'; 'a capable administrator'; 'children as young as 14 can be extremely capable and dependable') 3. (4) able - - (having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity; 'able to learn'; 'human beings are able to walk on two feet'; 'Superman is able to leap tall buildings') WN adjective 'capable': 4. (2) adequate to, capable, equal to, up to - (having the requisite qualities for; 'equal to the task'; 'the work isn't up to the standard I require') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :GenericAgent :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CapabilityType :Capability :Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttribute ; owl:inverseOf :isaCapabilityOf . :hasCaptivityStatus a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCaptivityStatus relates a Person to that's person's status of either being in captivity or not. At this point (r1655) no distinctions are made as to type or location of captivity, or duration.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :CaptivityStatus ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttribute . :hasCardinality a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCardinality relates a Set, Group, or List to the number of othogonal dimensions that it occupies, expressed as a DimensionalityValue. This relation is complementary to 'hasCardinalityNumber', which allows one to use a simple datatype integer as the value of the relation. CardinalityValues Are QuantitativeAttributeValues having the dimension 'elements'. A Pair would have its Cardinality specified using this relation thus: (Every Pair hasCardinality {2 elements}) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :SetMathematical :List :AbstractString ) ] ; rdfs:range :CardinalityValue . :hasCardinalityNumber a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCardinalityNumber relates a Group, List or Set to an integer enumerating the number of direct component elements of which the group consists. Because an element of a Group may itself be a Group, the Cardinality does not indicate the number of individual things that ultimately are not Groups, only the number of things that are related by the 'hasComponentElement' relation. NOTE that List is included explicitly, not as a subtype of Group, because zero-length List's may exist but zero-cardinality Groups are not permitted.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :SetMathematical :List ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger . :hasChangedAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasChangedAttribute' points from an Event to one of the ''AttributeValue''s that was changed by the Event. This can accompany the relation ''hasAffectedObject'' to specify the Object whose attribute was changed. NOTE that as a subproperty of 'hadChangedEntity', this property implies that the Object affected is in some way changed - though the change can be as simple as changing its location. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess :ProcessType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeValue ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadChangedEntity . :hasCharacteristicActivity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCharacteristicActivity points from a RoleType or OrganizationType or individual Organization to some ActionType that is a characteristic, perhaps defining, activity pursued by that type of organization or persons in that Role.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :Role :OrganizationType :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType . :hasCharacteristicColor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasCharacteristicColor'' is used to relate objects to a color value that is associated strongly with that object; the color may be named similar to the name of the object because it is so characteristic; as, 'cherry red' or 'cherry' for the color of ripe cherries; or 'violet' or 'lilac' for the flowers having those colors.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractSymbol :PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ColorAttribute :ColorAttributeType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasColor . :hasCharacteristicObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCharacteristicObject relates some Region to Object Types that are expected to be in that type of Region. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RegionType :LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObjectType . :hasCharacteristicPart :en "has characteristic part" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCharacteristicPart relates some Object to Object Types that are expected to be in that type of Object. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaCharacteristicPartOf . :hasCharter :FIBO "is constituted by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCharter relates an instance of Organization to the Charter (constitution) which specifies the organization's purpose, structure, and operating rules. The Charter of an Organization need not be written down, for informal local organizations, and may be only vaguely defined, for suborganizations within a larger Organization. the use of the term 'charter' doe not imply any form of approval by a governing body - see 'Charter' for the intended meaning. This is the inverse of 'isTheCharterOf'. """ ; rdfs:domain :Organization ; rdfs:range :Charter ; owl:inverseOf :isTheCharterOf . :hasChemicalComposition a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasChemicalComposition specifies the proportion of elements in a ChemicallyDefinedSubstance. The range is an AbstractString, but the string is restricted in that the alphabetical parts must be ligitimate chemical symbols for elements. This relation includes not only ChemicalFormulas, which specify the number of atoms in each molecule (or balanced ion group for ionic materials), but also proportions of atoms in organic substances such as biopolymers, where the numbers behind each element may be fractional, representing an average over several closely related molecules or an average in a large molecule. However, percent compositions, specified as percentages, cannot be represented using this relation.""" ; rdfs:domain :ChemicalSubstanceType ; rdfs:range :AbstractString ; owl:inverseOf :isTheCompositionOf . :hasChemicalFormula :ldoce "have" ; :wnsense "have1v" ; :wordnet "have" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasChemicalFormula specifies the number of atoms in each unit (molecule or repeating balanced ion group) of each element in a ChemicallyDefinedSubstance that is not considered as a mixture of substances. The range is an AbstractString, but the string is restricted in that the alphabetical parts must be legitimate chemical symbols for elements, and the numbers after each element symbol must be an integer. For macromolecules, only those whose true molecular formula is known can have a formula pointed to by this relation. A simple grouping is permitted to express some structure: a hyphen represents a single bond between atom groups, as in 'NH2-CO-NH2' for Urea, or '-COOH' represents a carboxyl group. To specify a name that is not a ChemicalFormula, use 'hasChemicalname'. Corresponds to a specialized use of verb sense 1 of 'have' in WordNet: 1. (1202) have, have got, hold - (have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; 'She has $1,000 in the bank'; 'He has got two beautiful daughters'; 'She holds a Master's degree from Harvard') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :AtomGroup :ChemicalSubstanceType :ChemicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ChemicalFormula ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheChemicalFormulaOf . :hasChemicalGroup :ldoce "contain" ; :wnsense "contain1v" ; :wordnet "contain" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasChemicalGroup' relates a ChemicalSubstance or ChemicalObject to some ChemicalObject that is part of or contained within the larger ChemicalObject or within some object that is a defining component of that substance. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'contain' in WordNet: 1. (119) incorporate, contain, comprise - - (include or contain; have as a component; 'A totally new idea is comprised in this paper'; 'The record contains many old songs from the 1930's') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :ChemicalObject :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ChemicalMoiety :ObjectType :ChemicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :contains, :hasPart . :hasChemicalName a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasChemicalName' points to a string that is a chemical name (there may be more than one) identifying a ChemicallyDefinedSubstance. Although it is conceptually an Identifier, we need to be able to have multiple instances of the same string,so it cannot be a reified element in the ontology. There may be many synonymous terms in different languages referring to the same substance. This is not the same as a ChemicalFormula. To specify a chemical formula on a substance, use 'hasChemicalFormula'""" ; rdfs:domain :ChemicalSubstanceType ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasChemicalSymbol a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasChemicalSymbol' points to a string that is a standard chemical symbol (one or two characters in English) identifying a Chemical Element, usually in a technical context. These are used exclusively, with numbers, to create chemical formulas (see 'hasChemicalFormula'). """ ; rdfs:domain :ElementType ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasChild a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hasParent' - relates a person to one of that person's children. This includes all kinds of children - biological, foster, adoptive, etc..""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :ChildRole ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaRelativeOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasParent . :hasCloseRelative :en "is closely related to" ; :guid "bd5b0cf2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """points from one Person to another Person who is related by no more than four links of blood or marriage. Ancestors beyond a great-great-grandparent are not 'close' in this sense. Cousins more distant than second cousins are not 'close'. In Cyc a similar relation is called 'coreRelatives', but the degree of linkage is not restricted in Cyc, so these are not identical. Cyc: (#$coreRelatives ANIMAL1 ANIMAL2) means that ANIMAL1 is a close or core relative of ANIMAL2. Note that the exact nature of this relationship will vary widely from culture to culture. """ ; rdfs:domain :Mammal ; rdfs:range :Mammal ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasRelative . :hasCodeString a owl:ObjectProperty . :hasColor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasColor relates abstract symbols (abstract representations of things), substances, substance types, or individual objects to one or more colors that characterize the way that light is reflected from or passes through the object. For real-world objects, the color value will be a color region, which could be further restricted to a more specific color, down to a monochromatic color of specific saturation and intensity. The colors are represented as Types.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractSymbol :PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ColorAttribute :ColorAttributeType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasColumnConstraint a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasColumnConstraint indicates any of several types of constraints on that column, such as whether it can be null, or whether it is a foreign key. If the column is not permitted to be null, the value 'NOT NULL' should be one of the constraints. This will be assumed and need not be explicit for primary keys.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasColumnName a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasColumn relates a DatabaseTable to one of the unique names of the columns that are in the table, which will in general be relations (properties) in the ontology. (See note above for generation of unique names for database table columns). We are representing a DatabaseTable as a list of lists, but the lists within the main list are the rows, not the columns.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DatabaseTable :DatabaseSubtable ) ] ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasListElement ; owl:inverseOf :isaColumnInDBTable . :hasCommercialProduct a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isaCommercialProductOf . :hasCommodityType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCommodityType points from an instance of PricePerUnit to the type of thing (which must be represented as an instance of 'ProductType') to .""" ; rdfs:domain :PricePerUnit ; rdfs:range :ProductType . :hasComparativeAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isTheComparativeOfAttribute . :hasComparativeDifference a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasComparativeDifference' relates an instance of 'AttributeComparison' to the difference between the two entities in the value of the AttributeType being compared. The values of this relation will come from one of three types: 'Difference', 'ComparativeMagnitude', or 'DifferenceValue'.""" ; rdfs:domain :AttributeComparison ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ComparativeMagnitude :DifferenceValue :Difference ) ] . :hasComparedQuantity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasComparedQuantity' is a specialized relation for the type 'QuantityAndDifference', pointing to the Quantity which is being compared by the relation 'isLessThanByQuantity' or 'isMoreThanByQuantity'. This relation points to one of the two arguments of these inherently ternary relations that is being represented by a single argument of type 'QuantityAndDifference', to fit into the OWL binary relation format.""" ; rdfs:domain :QuantityAndDifference ; rdfs:range :Quantity . :hasCompetingAgent :guid "bd58b70f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'competingAgents'. This points to one agent in a competition, rather than the whole list, and is therefore named in the singular. Cyc: (#$competingAgents COMPETITION AGENT) means that the AGENT is a competitor in the contest or competition COMPETITION, and thus has a chance of being a winner of the competition. This excludes many participants of such events, such as referees, judges, and spectators. If the COMPETITION is a team competition, the individual team members are also excluded.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Competition :SportType ) ] ; rdfs:range :Opponent ; owl:inverseOf :wasaCompetitorInCompetition . :hasCompetitors a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a Competition to the full list (AgentGroup) of agents that competed in that Competition..""" ; rdfs:domain :Competition ; rdfs:range :Competitors . :hasComponentElement :en "comprises", "consists of", "contains", "includes", "incorporates", "is comprised of" ; :ldoce "consist", "contain", "include" ; :wnsense "comprise1v", "consist4v", "contain1v", "include1v" ; :wordnet "comprise", "consist", "contain", "include" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasComponentElement relates a Group to the individual elements of which the group consists. Any entity can be aggregated with another entity to form a conceptual Group; there are no restrictions on the type of entity that can be an element of a Group. NOTE: this 'element' is not the chemical 'element'! See also the specializations of this relation, for OrderedGroups, indicating the location in the OrderedGroup of a particular element. See 'hasFirstElement' and 'hasSecondElement'. THe WordNet senses closest are verb sense 1 of 'contain' and verb sense 1 of 'include' and part of 'consist' sense 4 in WordNet: WN 'contain: 1. (119) incorporate, contain, comprise - (include or contain; have as a component; 'A totally new idea is comprised in this paper'; 'The record contains many old songs from the 1930's') 4. consist, comprise - (be composed of; 'The land he conquered comprised several provinces'; 'What does this dish consist of?') WN 'include': 1. (613) include - (have as a part, be made up out of; 'The list includes the names of many famous writers') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :GroupType :List ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaComponentElementOf . :hasComponentObjectType :en "contains" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasComponentObjectType'' is used to specify that some particular substance necessarily contains within it some number of objects, but has other things as well. This is for heterogeneous substances like ''CherryPieFilling'' and concrete. See ''Blood'' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ObjectType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :contains, :hasPart . :hasComponentPart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasComponentPart'' is a subproperty of hasPhysicalPart relating some ArtifactObject to another separately manufactured ArtifactObject which is a part of the larger object. The distinction represented by this relation is that the part must be manufactured separately and assembled into the whole object, rather than being some arbitrarily selected portion of an ArtifactObject. An Engine would be a component part of an Automobile; the lower half of a column would not be a component part of the column, though it would be a physical part. NOTE also that the 'component part' may be a Group of things, such as a Group of 'Bristle's (represented as 'Bristles' in a Brush. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaComponentPartOf . :hasComponentSubstance :ldoce "contain" ; :wnsense "contain1v" ; :wordnet "contain" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasComponentSubstance is used to specify that some particular substance necessarily contains within it a component which is another substance. This is very broad, and can be used to specify multiple heterogeneous types of substance components, such as mixtures, pure chemicals, or elements. Thus we can say that blood contains protein, or that protein contains nitrogen. In order to quantitatively specify how much of a specific component substance is in the subject substance, one should use some subtype of 'FractionalComponentSubstance', which will have its weight fraction specified by the relation 'isWeightFraction'. NOTE that this is a subProperty of 'contains', but this subProperty relation, added to try to incorporate a common linguistic meanking of 'contains' may be more problematic than useful. @ToDo: rethink this suproperty link. In addition to substances that are composed of whole molecules, we also permit representation of 'Substances' that are parts of molecules, such as 'phosphateGroup'. The latter type of substance will be represented by the Cyc 'MolecularComponent'. >> This relation is transitive. In order to specify a relation that points only to some primary component(s) (e.g. a polymer contains a unique type of monomer unit), a non-transitive relation such as 'hasMainComponentSubstance' must be used. Linguistically this relation is expressed by phrases such as 'the medicine contains . . .'. Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'contain' in WordNet: 1. (119) incorporate, contain, comprise - - (include or contain; have as a component; 'A totally new idea is comprised in this paper'; 'The record contains many old songs from the 1930's') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :FractionalComponentSubstance :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance :SubstanceDensity ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :contains, :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaComponentSubstanceOf . :hasConcentration a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasConcentration specifies the concentration, either: (1) (in units of mass per volume, e.g. g/cc); or (2) as a Percetmeasure (which has several subtypes) of a substance (represented in COSMO as a class). This attribute is optional, as one may want to refer to substances without being specific about the concentration. But when it is important to specify the concentration (or the percent composition in a mixture - see 'hasPercentComposition'), this attribute should be defined. Each time a concentration or percent composition is defined, this creates a new Substance, and a new subclass of Substance needs to be defined. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ConcentrationMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue ; owl:inverseOf :isaConcentrationOf . :hasConfidenceLevel a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasConfidenceLevel' relates an assertion (which can be a data record in a database) to the numerical confidence (expressed as a percent) that the assertion is true.""" ; rdfs:domain :LinguisticAssertion ; rdfs:range :ConfidenceLevel . :hasConstantAttributeOrLocation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasConstantAttributeOrLocation' is a specialized relation to express the meaning of 'staying', whether 'StayingInaState' or 'RemainingInaLocation'. It points to the AttributeValue or AttributeType that remains constant in that PersistentState, or to a location where the thing remains. This is used to represent expressions such as 'the temperature remained constant' or he stayed in the room' Contrast this with the relation 'hasAttributeChanged' used in a BecomingEvent. """ ; rdfs:domain :NonEvent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValue :GenericLocation :AttributeValueType :LocationType :PersistentState :EventType ) ] . :hasConstituentSubstance :ldoce "consist" ; :wnsense "consist4v" ; :wordnet "consist" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasConstituentSubstance relates physical objects or regions to the substance(s) which form some part of the composition of the object or region. The component substance pointed to in this relation does not have to be the main component, and the object does not have to have a uniform distribution of substance types. If the component substance does form a larger weight fraction than any other substance, the relation 'consistsMostlyOfSubstance' should be used instead. One could say that a {shovel hasConstituentSubstance Steel}, even if the handle is wooden. We can use a relation which also specifies the actual weight fraction of each substance, but such a relation would be ternary, and cannot be directly supported as an OWL 'property'. NOTE that In Cyc the 'substances' (or stuffs) were represented as objects made of a particular substance. In COSMO we distinguish the object from its composition, and this relation specifies, where it makes sense to do so, what the substance composition of particular objects is. NOTE that this relation is a subProperty of the generic 'hasPart' relation. The 'hasPart' relation has no implications, and is used only as an umbrella to collect all the 'part' relations that may ber used in language. The notion of a substance being a 'part' of an object may be the least common use of 'part', but it is found, and this subproperty relation allows it to be used in this ontology.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :Region :Place :ThingContainingSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :GenericSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :contains, :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaConstituentSubstanceOf . :hasConstraint a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasConstraint relates a DatabaseConstraint to the database that it is part of. The main elements of a Database will be its tables.""" ; rdfs:domain :Database ; rdfs:range :DatabaseConstraint ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentElement ; owl:inverseOf :isaConstraintInDB . :hasContainer a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasContainer relates a ContainerAndContents to the Container part. NOTE that the range element ''ShapeType'' is only used for representations of ''QuantityOfSomething'' - when the contents is a ''RigidObject'' that needs no container and can be transported by itself. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HolderType :ContainerType :ContainerAndContents ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ContainerType :ShapeType :Container ) ] . :hasContents a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasContents relates a ContainerAndContents to the Contents it contains, which may be a Substance or an Object. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:HolderType :ContainerType :ContainerAndContents ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectGroup :PhysicalObject :QuantityOfSomething :WrappedPackage ) ] . :hasContrastingFeeling a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasContrastingFeeling' can be used to represent the intuitive notion that one feeling may preclude and be opposite to another feeling. The relation on 'opposites' is a relation on attribute values, so opposing Feelings require a different relation.. A similar relation on ''Trait''s is ''hasContrastingTrait'' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FeelingType :Feeling ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FeelingType :Feeling ) ] . :hasContrastingTrait a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasContrastingTrait' can be used to represent the intuitive notion that one feeling may preclude and be opposite to another ''Trait''. The relation on 'opposites' is a relation on attribute values, so opposing ''Trait''s require a different relation.. A similar relation on ''Feeling''s is ''hasContrastingFeeling'' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonalityTraitType :PersonalityTrait ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonalityTraitType :PersonalityTrait ) ] . :hasConverseCorrelatedAgent a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasConverseCorrelatedAgent'' is used to relate Agents that play roles in some Event(Type) where there is necessarily another agent playing some role that pereives the Event from a different perspective. Prototypically, every ''Buyer'' interacts with some ''Seller'', and for every ''Debtor'' there is a ''Creditor'' to who the ''Debtor'' is indebted. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] . :hasCorrespondingEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hasCorrespondingProcess', points from an EventType to the ProcessType that results in that type of Event..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FunctionalProcess :ProcessType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasCorrespondingProcess . :hasCorrespondingProcess a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCorrespondingProcess relates an Event (or eventType) to the FunctionalProcess (or ProcessType) which gives rise to the Event over some interval of time (or more abstractly, some interval on the dimension of causality). NOTE that this relation can be used at either the instance or Type level, and can be used in a mixed mode, to specify that a particular Event was produced by a particular Type of Process. This relation is not yet elaborated in COSMO v0.3, and serves mostly as a placeholder to clarify (somewhat) the relation between Event and FunctionalProcess. One use of this is for specifying the more subtle meaning of a ''PersistingEvent'' which is a ''PersstentState'' but can also be viewed as *something* going on in the interval when something remains constant. See ''PersistingEvent''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FunctionalProcess :ProcessType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasCorrespondingEvent . :hasCrossSectionalShape a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasCrossSectionalShape' relates Objects (especially long and thin objects) to shapes or other Objects with a characteristoc shape. This allows distingshishing between ''Rod'''s with a circular cross-section and ''Strip''s with an oblong cross-section. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :ShapeType :Object :GeometricFigure :Shape ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheCrossSectionalShapeOf . :hasCurrentDestination a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCurrentDestination specifies the intended destination of a Vehicle, at the current moment. This relation is highly sensitive to time, and is only meaningful when applied within the context of a travel event that is underway. It is nevertheless useful for describing and reasoning about vehicles, especially large commercial ones, that are en route to some specific destination. The destination is generic; it could be a region or a physical object (a train may be headed for Penn Station in New York, and we might want to specify that.) Of course, not every vehicle may have a specific destination, even when in motion - a police patrol car may be driving around without any specific plan to stop in any particular place. When not underway, as for a parked car or a ship in port, this relation will be meaningless..""" ; rdfs:domain :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; rdfs:range :Place . :hasCustomers a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasCustomers relates an individual Business to the type of Customer that it serves, or to individual Customers. A Customer i any agent that buys something (goods or services) from a Business. NOTE: the generic relation specifying what kind of business has what kind of cutomer is not yet (v0.5) represented in COSMO, thought it is in Cyc.""" ; rdfs:domain :Business ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] . :hasDatabase a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasDatabase relates a DatabaseGroup to the databases that are the component elements of the Group..""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseGroup ; rdfs:range :Database ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentElement . :hasDateOfIssuance :FIBO "hasDateOfIssuance" ; a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasDateOfIssuance' is a specialized relation pointing from a 'CertificateDocument' to the 'DateTime' on which it was issued. """ ; rdfs:domain :CertificateDocument ; rdfs:range :DateTime . :hasDaughter a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hasParent' - relates a person to one of that person's female children. This includes all kinds of children - biological, foster, adoptive, etc..""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :FemalePerson ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasChild ; owl:inverseOf :hasParent . :hasDefaultVariance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasDefaultVariance is used to specify a default variance for a given type of measure, and can can be set differently by each application; but for most precise interoperability, it should be the same for all applications. The default variance for a measure can be absolute or relative. One might specify that all temperature measures are accurate to plus or minus one degree Fahrenheit - which might make sense in some applications. A relative value can be of several types: one might say that any measure is accurate only to within 1% of the nominal value, or might say that every measure is accurate to within plus or minus one digit in the last significant digit of the measure. The 'plus or minus' range by default is the conventional variance, within which any measure has a 67% likelihood of being found. The default variance will be used only if an explicit variance is not specified. If the value of a the varance (expected error) of a measurement is known, each such measurement value can have its individual variance set using the relation 'hasVariance'.""" ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range :ConfidenceInterval . :hasDelimiter a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasDelimiter specifies the delimiter that separates items in a ListString.""" ; rdfs:range :AbstractString, :ListString . :hasDenominator a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasNumerator points to the denominator in a Ratio, which can be any of several types of things. This points to the second element of an OrderedPair.""" ; rdfs:domain :Ratio ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasSecondElement . :hasDenominatorDimension a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasNumeratorType specifies the dimension of the denominator in a RatioQuantity. This may be a type of situation (e.g. a situation in which a sample is taken from a group of things) """ ; rdfs:domain :RatioQuantity . :hasDensityInGramsPerCC a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasDensityInGramsPerCC'' is a very specialized relation for subtypes of Type 'SubstanceDensity', which specifies the physical density in grams per ml (not really CC) of the domain argument which is a substance with specified density.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceDensity ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasDensityMeasure a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasDensityMeasure' relates an instance ''SubstanceType'' (i,e, a substance as represented in COSMO) or of PhysicalSubstance (or any its subtypes) to the density of that instance. See 'PhysicalSubstance' for a discussion of the meaning of this. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :MassDensityMeasure . :hasDesignFunction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """See also intendedPrimaryFunction - should be merged?? For the 'designFunction of an Action use ''hasPurpose''. This relation is not functional - there may be more than one design function, especially for natural organic objects. This specifies the Action part of SituationRole, where the Situation is an Action. An axiom should relate them. hasDesignFunction relates a PhysicalObject or Substance (usually an artifact, but could be an organic object, as part of an organism)) or a System (i.e. something created for a purpose, which may be a natural biological System) to the action(s) that it is intended to perform, or can help perform. This relation answers the questions 'what is it good for?' or 'What does it do?'. A similar relation, ''isUsedToMake'' can point from an Object that is used as a instrument in the preparation or manufacture of some Object or Substance. Individual PhysicalObjects that are not artifacts are **not** included in the domain of this relation. For natural objects that have a function (e.g. biological), only the type of object, not the individual object, can serve as the subject of this relation. Note that this is close to but not identical to the relation 'enablesOrAssists' for resources. The distinction is threefold: (1) resources do not have to be artifacts; (2) each artifact is classified by its design (intended) function, but it may actually not be useful for that purpose; (3) an Artifact may enable or assist actions that it was not designed to be used for. NOTE: For things such as objects, devices, or substances that can enable actions but are not artifacts with that action as a DesignFunction, use ''isUsedAsInstrumentInAction''(includes substances) or ''canServeAsInstrumentInActionType'' (PhysicalObjects only). ***************** CAUTION ********************************* **NOTE** This relation points to an ActionType or EventType. There are instances of ActionType that are subtypes of Action, but also there are Types that are subtypes of 'DesignFunction' which are also instances of ActionType, but these latter types are **not** subtypes of Event, rather subtypes of 'AttributeType'. This is a very unusual use of a relation to point to arguments of very different inherent type. The 'Functions' that are pointed to by this relation may in turn be related to actual instances of Event by the relation 'wasRealizedByAction' (which see), There is thus a triangular relation between Functional objects, the Functional capabilities (attributes) they have, and the actual Actions that may be carried out or assisted by those Objects. These relations Permitting the ontologist to point either directly to Actions, or to Attributes that point to actions, provides some flexibility. it should be underestood and used with care. ***************** CAUTION ********************************* Many artifacts will be related to actions by both relations. If not for caveat (2), 'hasDesignFunction' would be a subrelation of 'enablesOrAssists'. Another difference is that the design function of artifacts will in general be more specific than the actions enabled by resources. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :FunctionalSystem ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DesignFunction :SituationRole :CapabilityType :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaDesignFunctionOf . :hasDesiredSituation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasDesiredSituation relates a Desire, Goal (or its subtype Agreement), or Rule, or Communication to the future situation that the agent with the Goal (or who created the Rule or Communication) wants to make happen. NOTE that this differs from the relation 'desires' in that 'desires' relates a 'IntentionalAgent' to the thing desired, whereas 'hasDesiredSituation' relates a MentalObject or Communication to some Situation which the MentalObject expresses as desired by some Agent. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Goal :GoalType :Rule :Desire :Communication :Motive :Trait :PersonalityTraitType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationProcessEventOrState :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :refersToExternalEntity . :hasDestination a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasDestination' relates a GoingSomewhere action to the 'somewhere' that some Animal or GroupOfAnimals Animal goes to. This differs from 'hasEndingPlace' in that the Event must be an Action (a 'GoingSomewhere'), and the destination need not be a Region or Object; it can be any 'GenericLocation'. """ ; rdfs:domain :GoingSomewhere ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Destination :GenericLocation :PhysicalObjectType :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isInTheDirectionOf . :hasDifference a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasDifference' is a specialized relation for the type 'QuantityAndDifference', pointing to the difference in the two Quantity's that are being compared by the relation 'isLessThanByQuantity' or 'isMoreThanByQuantity'. This relation points to one of the two arguments of those inherently ternary relations that is being represented by a single argument of type 'QuantityAndDifference', to fit into the OWL binary relation format.""" ; rdfs:domain :QuantityAndDifference ; rdfs:range :Quantity . :hasDimensionality a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasDimensionalityNumber relates an Object or region to the number of othogonal dimensions that it occupies, expressed as a DimensionalityValue. This relation is complementary to 'hasDimensionalityNumber', which allows one to use a simple datatype integer as the value of the relation. CardinalityValues Are QuantitativeAttributeValues having the dimension 'dimensional'. A PhysicalObject would have its dimensionality specified (in ESKIF), using this relation, thus: (Every PhysicalObject hasDimensionality {3 dimensional}). For objects whose specification has dimensions that are non-orthogonal, the Dimensionality should be the number of orthogonal dimensions to which the non-orthogonal dimensions can be reduced. PhysicalObjects will always be 3-dimensional. they may have surfaces that are 2-Dimensional, edges that are 1-Dimensional, and representations that are 2D and also '2-1/2 dimensional'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Region ) ] ; rdfs:range :DimensionalityValue . :hasDimensionalityNumber a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasDimensionalityNumber relates an Object or region to the number of othogonal dimensions that it occupies. For objects whose specification has dimensions that are non-orthogonal, the Dimensionality should be the number of orthogonal dimensions to which the non-orthogonal dimensions can be reduced. PhysicalObjects will always be 3-dimensional. they may have surfaces that are 2-Dimensional, edges that are 1-Dimensional, and representations that are 2D and also '2-1/2 dimensional'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Region ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger . :hasDirectObject :en "had direct object" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasDirectObject'' points from an ''Event'' to the 'Thing' (of any type) that was the 'direct object' (also called 'patient') in that Event. This is used to express the logical structure for Events (especially Actions) that have direct effects on one 'patient' and may indirectly also affect another 'thing'; however, this does not always point to the *gramatical* direct object. The need for this relation is most salient in use of ditransitive verbs in engish ('jack gave jill a book') where the directly affected 'book' needs to be logically distinguished from the indirectly affected (actually 'benefited') 'jill'. But this is also useful for other types of action such as receiving, where the origin of the thing received may be expressed by a 'from' preposition; ('Jill received a book from Jack'). Other cases of Actions that benefit Agents (Jack bought a book for Jill') will still need to specify the direct object ('book') from the beneficiary ('Jill') using the 'hadBeneficiary' relation for Jill. In ('Jack sent a book to Jill'or 'Jack mailed Jill a book') the book is still the direct object,and Jill would be pointed to by the relation ''hadEndingPlace'' used for ''GeneralizedTransfer''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :FictionalEvent :EventType :FunctionalProcess :ProcessType ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; owl:inverseOf :wasTheDirectObjectOf . :hasDistinguishingColumn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasDistinguishingColumn points to one or more columns in a DatabaseSubtable that distinguishes whether the record represents an instance of one type of another type, in a DatabaseTable that is structured to represent multiple Types of ontology entities.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DatabaseSubtable :MultipleEntityTable ) ] ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTableColumn . :hasDistinguishingColumnValue a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasDistinguishingColumnValue points the value in the distinguishing column that signals the interpretation of that record as corresponding to the entity which is the subject of the binary relation (RDF triple) using this relation. The database table for which this value is a type-discriminating flag can be found by parsing the name of the columns value (which will include the codes for the database and table - see 'ColumnValueString'), or by finding the value of the relations 'isUsedIntable', 'isaDistinguishingValueInColumn', 'isaColumnInDBTable' and 'isaTableInDB'. The identity of the DB tables that hold this value will be unambiguous because each column of each table has its own unique name. The datatype string representation can be represented if necessary (e.g. if it uses characters that are not allowed in the name of an instance, and therfore cannot be recovered by parsing the name of the ColumnValueString) by use of the relation 'hasStringRepresentation'.""" ; rdfs:range :ColumnValueString ; owl:inverseOf :isaDistinguishingValueInColumn . :hasDramaticRole a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasDramaticRole' relates an instance of 'PlayScript' (or a ''DramaticPerformance\"'' that executes a script) to one of the DramaticRoles that are depicted in that Drama. Thus the PlayScript 'Hamlet' will have a role of Hamlet (see 'HamletinHamlet'), as well as other roles. Each Role will have its own characteristics. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PlayScript :DramaticPerformance ) ] ; rdfs:range :DramaticRole ; owl:inverseOf :isaDramaticRoleOf . :hasDuration a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: origianlly a SUMO relation, this has been expanded to allow specifying the time that an Event (or type of Event) took. This time can be calculated from beginning and ending times, but if that data is not specified, the TimeDuration can still be specified. SUMO: (duration ?POS ?TIME) means that the duration of the TimeInterval ?POS is ?TIME. Note that this Predicate can be used in conjunction with the Function WhenFn to specify the duration of any instance of Physical.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :TimeInterval :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range :TimeDuration . :hasEmployee :guid "bd58cb96-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: in Cyc this relation is named 'employees'. This maps to the verb 'employ', as the subject of the relation employs the object of the relation. NOTE that a ''HeadOfState'' is considered as a ''PublicOfficial'', which is also a ''GovernmentEmployee'' and is therefore employed by some Government. This includes Kings and Queens, thought it may be a little odd to think of them as ''Employee''s. Can they be fired? Without a revolution? Cyc: A specialization of #$hasWorkers (q.v.) that relates employers to their paid employees. (#$employees EMPLOYER; WORKER;) means WORKER; regularly performs work for EMPLOYER;, and EMPLOYER; pays WORKER; for that work (often by paycheck). EMPLOYER; directs the manner in which WORKER; performs the work and might provide the workplace, tools, materials, capital, or other assistance for the work. EMPLOYER; is commonly an organization but may be a person; e.g. (#$employees PerryMason PaulDrake). Note that in many contexts the use of this predicate require proper temporal qualification; e.g. (#$ist (#$MtSpace #$PeopleDataMt (#$MtTimeWithGranularityDimFn (#$YearFn 1999) #$TimePoint))) (#$employees #$NBC-TVNetwork #$KatieCouric)). This corresponds to part of verb sense 2 'employ' in WordNet, as this relation represents the continuing situation of being employed whereas Wordnet sense 2 seems to conflate the act of taking on an employee from the continuing state of employment resiulting from that act. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :OccupationalRoleType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isEmployedBy . :hasEndingObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isLocatedAtTheEndOf . :hasEndingPlace :guid "bfd50815-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "into", "to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasEndingPlace' relates a GeneralizedTransfer to the 'Place' to which the transferred thing is transferred. The companion relation 'hasStartingPlace' specifies the 'place' from which it originates. Since 'GeneralizedTransfer' is a broad type including transfers of abstract thing (e.g. information) as well as PhysicalObjects, the 'place' of origin or destination can be abstract as well. See also 'hasDestination' (a relation on 'GoingSomewhere') for Actions in which animals intentionally go somewhere. The 'EndingPlace' can be a Person, as in the Action of 'VisitingSomeone'. For a 'Travel-TripEvent', the 'GeneralizedTransfer' can have more than one 'ending place'. @ToDo: this relation needs to be specialized to distinguish one destination from multiple destinations, and people from places. More specialized relations can be more specific as to the kind of 'place' for origin and destination of a GeneralizedTransfer. NOTE that even an OrientationMeasure can be an absgtract 'place' from which or to which something is transferred. This corresponds to Cyc relation 'to-Generic': Cyc: (#$to-Generic GEN-TRANS THING) means that the #$GeneralizedTransfer GEN-TRANS has a destination or endpoint THING. Because #$GeneralizedTransfer covers many kinds of transfer, both physical and abstract, this endpoint can be of many types. In a #$Translocation it is a #$PartiallyTangible location (see #$toLocation), while in #$TransferringPossession it is an #$Agent (see #$toPossessor). #$to-Generic encompasses all kinds of endpoints; as a rule, it is better to use more the specific predicates when possible. This relation can be used to express the concept 'into' when something (concrete or abstract) is placed into something else. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeneralizedTransfer :TransferIn ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Destination :GenericAgent :Object :OrientationMeasure :ObjectType :LocationType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheEndingPlaceOf . :hasEndingSubEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :LifeStageType :LifeStage ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :LifeStageType :LifeStage ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheEndingSubEventOf . :hasEndingTime a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasEndingTime' relates any TimeInterval or Event to the DTEG or TimePoint that ends (concludes) it. This differs from 'hasEndingTimePoint' mostly in allowing a 'DateTimeExtendedGroup' or 'DateTimeInterval' to express the ending time. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DateTimeInterval :TimeInterval :Event :EventType :TemporalThing :TimedClassType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DateTimeInterval :TimeInterval :DateTimeExtendedGroup ) ] . :hasEndingTimePoint a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of the 'finishes' relation which points from a TemporalThing (e.g., TimeInterval or Event or Something playing a Role) to the TimePoint at which that TemporalThing ended. NOTE that 'TimeInterval' includes 'TimePoint'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimedClassType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :EndPointOfAnEvent ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasEndingTime . :hasEstimatedTimeOfArrival a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasEstimatedTimeOfArrival specifies the expected time (a date-time) that a Vehicle will arrive at its destination - which is the destinationof the current trip the vehicle is taking. This relation is highly sensitive to time, and is only meaningful when applied within the context of a travel event that is underway. it is most useful for scheduled commercial travel events. It is nevertheless useful for describing and reasoning about vehicles, especially large commercial ones, that are en route to some specific destination. Note that since the domain is a Vehicle, this relation cannot be used to specify the ETA for a person, unless indirectly by specifying the ETA for s vehicle that person is travelling in. Of course, not every vehicle may have a specific destination, and therefore no estimated time of arrival, even when in motion - a police patrol car may be driving around without any specific plan to stop in any particular place. When not underway, as for a parked car or a ship in port, this relation will be meaningless..""" ; rdfs:domain :TransportationDevice-Vehicle ; rdfs:range :DateTime . :hasEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :occursDuring . :hasEventNotOccurring :en "did not", "didn't" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasEventNotoccurring' is a narrowly focused relation linking a 'DidNotHappenEvent' to the Event that did not happen (though it might have, or might have been expected to happen) """ ; rdfs:domain :DidNotHappenEvent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] . :hasEventTemporalPart a owl:TransitiveProperty . :hasEventType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasEventType' is a specialized relation that associates a 'FrequencyAttributeValue' with the EventType that occurs with a certain Frequency. See 'FrequencyAttributeValue' for more detail of usage.""" ; rdfs:domain :FrequencyAttributeValue ; rdfs:range :EventType . :hasEvidence a owl:ObjectProperty . :hasExactlyTwo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasExactlyTwo can be used to specify that an individual object (or less commonly, Event) has two parts of a particular type. This can be used at the instance level or at the Type level, as a general constraint. The objects and parts can be abstract or physical. For a more general part-cardinality relation see 'hasPartCardinality' . For example one may want to say that 'AbeLincoln has two legs'. This can be represented as the KIF proposition: (hasExactlyTwo AbeLincoln Leg). In the OWL formalism, the PredicatePhrase (hasExactlyTwo Leg) would have to be reifed, for example as 'hasExactlyTwo__Leg'. NOTE that the domain class 'OfWord' serves to allow a pseudo-PredicatePhrase to be created as a normal Assertion, for formalisms where a compositional PredicatePhrase has not been defined.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :PhysicalObject :EventType :Event :OfWord ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :EventType :Event ) ] . :hasExecutionEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Inverse of 'isAnExecutionOf'." ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ConceptualWork :SpecificationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isAnExecutionOf . :hasExpirationDate :FIBO "hasExpirationDate" ; a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasExpirationDate' is a specialized relation pointing from a 'CertificateDocument' to the 'DateTime' on which its validity expires and it is no longer valid or in force. NOTE: some certificates (such as a ''Diploma'') do not have an expiration date. Date = ''EndOfTime'' """ ; rdfs:domain :CertificateDocument ; rdfs:range :DateTime . :hasFacialHair a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasFacialHair relates a person (usually a man) to the kind of facial hair (if any) that he usually has: a beard (of a particular type), a moustache, bushy eyebrows, long sideburns, or any facial hair that is distinctive. A value of 'no_facial_hair' would mean that none of those distinctive features were present.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :FacialHairType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPhysiologicalFeature . :hasFamilyName a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasFamilyName relates a Person to a FamilyNameString that is a part of the Person's full name. NOTE that the FamilyNameString is an instance of a Type, not a datatype string.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :FamilyNameString . :hasFather a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """relates a person to that person's male parent. This includes all kinds of parents - biological, foster, adoptive, etc..""" ; rdfs:domain :ChildRole ; rdfs:range :MalePerson ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParent ; owl:inverseOf :isTheFatherOf . :hasFavoriteThing a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasFavoriteThing' relates an Agent (Person, GroupOfPeople, Organization) to some instance of Favorite - an entity that is its favorite (of some type). This type provides a means of specifying favorite things without using ternary relations. If higher-arity relations are allowed, an assertion of 'favorite' might take the form, e.g.: {Blue isaFavorite Color of PatrickCassidy}. If something is a person's favorite thing, then that person likes that thing. This rule is expressed by making 'hasFavoriteThing' a subproperty of 'enjoys'. """ ; rdfs:domain :IntentionalAgent ; rdfs:range :Favorite ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :enjoys ; owl:inverseOf :isaFavoriteOf . :hasFeature a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasFeature relates an Object (abstract or physical) to some Feature possessed by the Object. A Feature is an Object, but not necessarily a PhysicalObject, and not necessarily a part. For example, to have a hole is a to have a feature.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Feature :ObjectType :PhysicalFeatureType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :overlapsOrTouches ; owl:inverseOf :isaFeatureOf . :hasFeeling a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasFeeling relates a 'IntentionalAgent' to some feeling that the Agent has (at some particular time) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range :FeelingType . :hasFifthElement a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasFifthElement is a specialization of the relation 'hasComponentElement' applying to OrderedGroups, specifying the fifth component element of an OrderedGroup.""" ; rdfs:domain :OrderedGroup ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentElement . :hasFileRepresentation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasFileRepresentation' is the relation that points from some 'AbstractSymbolicObject' (uusally a ComputerFile-Abstract') to some physical ComputerFile (there may be many) that is a computer-readable reprsentation of the 'AbstractSymbolicObject' """ ; rdfs:domain :AbstractSymbolicObject ; rdfs:range :ComputerFile ; owl:inverseOf :isaFileRepresentationOf . :hasFirstElement a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasFirstElement is a specialization of the relation 'hasComponentElement' applying to OrderedGroups or Lists, specifying the first component element of the OrderedGroup or List. The range is unrestricted. NOTE that the inverses of this type of relation -''isTheFirstElementOf'', ''isTheSecondElementOf'', ''isTheThirdElementOf'' - can be used in SPARQL queries to allow some logical inferences on compacted ternary or quaternary relations that would normally be processed more perspicuously by an FOL reasoner. In a LinearlyOrderedGroup, the first element will be the ordering relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrderedGroup :List ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentElement ; owl:inverseOf :isTheFirstElementOf . :hasFirstName a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasFirstName relates a Person to a FirstNameString that is a part of the Person's full name. NOTE that the FirstnameString is an instance of a Type, not a datatype string.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :FirstNameString . :hasFlashPoint a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """See 'FlashPoint'. This relation relates a substance to its flash point, a temperature measure. The concept of a ''FlashPoint'' is represented as a subtype of Tempreature. """ ; rdfs:domain :CombustibleSubstance ; rdfs:range :TemperatureMeasure . :hasForeignKeyColumn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasForeignKeyColumns relates a DatabaseTable to the names of the columns that are the Foreign keys in the table. More than one column may contain Foreign keys.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTable ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasListElement ; owl:inverseOf :isaForeignKeyInDB . :hasFourthElement a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasFourthElement is a specialization of the relation 'hasComponentElement' applying to OrderedGroups, specifying the fourth component element of an OrderedGroup.""" ; rdfs:domain :OrderedGroup ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentElement . :hasFractionMeasure a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasFractionMeasure'' is a specialized relation for use with''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' to specify the actual fractional measure of the Thing pointed to by the ''hasSalientFractionalPart'' relation. The fraction measure is commonly a weight percentage or a ''ConcentrationMeasure'' but it could be a numerical ''Ratio'' of some ObjectType in a Group of Objects. """ ; rdfs:domain :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ConcentrationMeasure :Ratio :Quantifier :FractionFrom0to1 :WeightRatio :WeightPercent :VolumeRatio :VolumePercent :NumberRange ) ] . :hasFractionalComponent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Inverse of 'isaFractionalComponentOf'." ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:inverseOf :isaFractionalComponentOf . :hasFrequency a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Events that occur at a known frequency can be related to that Frequency value by this relation. See 'Frequency'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FrequencyAttributeValue ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Frequency :RateMeasure ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasFrequencyOfUse a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """Specifies the frequency with which the synonymous term, when encountered in the specified context, actually labels the meaning represented by the base entity which is synonymous.""" ; rdfs:domain :Synonym ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasGender a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The relation specifying the gender (male or female) of an organism, plant or animal. Some organisms do not have a gender, or have the functions of both genders. Those exceptions are not yet (rev 597) represented.""" ; rdfs:domain :Organism ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Sex :GenderType ) ] . :hasGenericName a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasGenericName points from a TradeName to some more generic (non-brand name) term to describe the same entity. There may be more than one generic name. For example, a drug may have several brand names, one official generic name registered with the drug agencies, and a chemical name. Either the official generic name or the chemical name could serve as the value of this relation.""" ; rdfs:domain :TradeName ; rdfs:range :Identifier . :hasGeoOrientation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasGeoOrientation specifies the direction toward which the front end of an asymmetric object is pointed (assumed to be within the plane which is the WGS84 Geoid at the specific latitude and longitude). The orientation is an angle measure, interpreted as the number of decimal degrees clockwise from true north that the front the object is pointing.""" ; rdfs:domain :FrontAndBackSidedObject ; rdfs:range :PlaneAngleMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasOrientation . :hasGeocoordinateCentroid a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """An instance-level relation that specifies the centroid location of an entity (object or Event) as a geographical location in some form of Latitude and Longitude format.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range :LatLong ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAt . :hasGivenName a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasGivenName relates a Person to a GivenNameString (not the inherited family name) that is a part of the Person's full name. NOTE that the GivenNameString is an instance of a Type, not a datatype string. A particular GivenNameString may be the GivenName for many people.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :GivenNameString . :hasGoverningJurisdiction :FIBO "hasGoverningJurisdiction" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Added for FIBO. skos:definition: identifies the jurisdiction governing the contract, as agreed by all parties. In a written contract this is generally identified, for example, as Governing Law, namely the jurisdiction in which any disputes arising from the contract are to be resolved. skos-editorialNote: As modeled, this relationship combines two slightly different senses in which a Jurisdiction may be named in some Contract: the jurisdiction under whose laws the contract is deemed to be in force, and the jurisdiction under which the parties agree to submit in the event of any dispute resolution. Scope Note: One thing to tease out is whether 'Dispute Resolution' and other forms of 'Governing Law' are one and the same thing or not. Dispute Resolution is uncontroversial, the question is whether there are other implications to Governing Law or if it's the same thing. For instance I may undertake to behave as though I were responsible to a particular authority i.e. a particular set of statutes. """ ; rdfs:domain :Contract ; rdfs:range :Jurisdiction ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isGovernedBy . :hasGovernment a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a GeopoliticalEntity to its Government. This effect could be accomplished by a function (as GovernmentFn in SUMO) when functions are accommodated in a CL-compliant version.""" ; rdfs:domain :GeopoliticalEntity ; rdfs:range :Government ; owl:inverseOf :isTheGovernmentOf . :hasGrainDiameter a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasGrainDiameter specifies the diameter of a grain, which is the smallest part of an object composed of a PhysicalSubstance that can be subdivided into two objects, each of which would still be expected to have the properties of that substance. The default grain size in COSMO has been arbitrarily assigned as being eight times the volume of the 'unit' of which a PhysicalSubstance is composed (see 'PhysicalSubstance'). For elements and pure chmical substances, that would be eight atoms or eight molecules. For a given application, the grain size for specific substances may be set to a different value. For perceptably granular substances like concrete, the grain size might be in inches. If a quantity of substance is less than two or three times as large in diameter as the grain size, it cannot be divided in half and still have the properties of the substance. This divisibility is one of the intuitive characteristics of 'stuff' that is substance-like, so the grain size is an important property of each substance. Note that the grain size is defined on a PhysicalSubstance, but it characterizes objects **composed of** the substance - since a substance is not itself a physical object, it cannot itself be measured in length.""" ; rdfs:domain :SubstanceType ; rdfs:range :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasGranularity . :hasGranularity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasGranularity specifies the size (diameter, length of time) of the smallest part of something (Object, Event) that can be considered as 'Homogeneous' (see 'Homogeneous' and 'PhysicalSubstance'). To be 'Homogeneous' means that something can be divided in half and both halves will be of the same type as the whole. For physicalSubstances, the relation 'hasGrainDiameter' is a more specific relation. For discussion of the granularity of substances, see also 'hasGrainDiameter'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :GroupType :Group :EventType :Event :HomogeneousThing ) ] ; rdfs:range :GranularityValue . :hasHardnessInMohs a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasHardnessInMohs'' points to a number from 1 to 10 that indicates a relative 'hardness': WikiPedia: The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale characterizing scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material. Created in 1812 by German geologist and mineralogist Friedrich Mohs, it is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science, some of which are more quantitative. The method of comparing hardness by observing which minerals can scratch others is of great antiquity, having been mentioned by Theophrastus in his treatise On Stones, c.?300 BC, followed by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia, c.?AD 77. While greatly facilitating the identification of minerals in the field, the Mohs scale does not show how well hard materials perform in an industrial setting. """ ; rdfs:domain :SolidSubstanceType ; rdfs:range xsd:int . :hasHeadOfGovernment a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasHeadOfGovernment' relates a Country to the specific Person who is the 'HeadOfGovernment' at that particular time. """ ; rdfs:domain :Country ; rdfs:range :Person ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasLeader . :hasHearingAcuity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasHearingAcuity relates an Animal to some qualitative or semi-quantitative brief characterization of its level of hearing ability. As of rev1555, the actual values of the 'HearingAcuity' attribute have not been represented. """ ; rdfs:domain :Animal ; rdfs:range :HearingAcuity ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPhysiologicalFeature . :hasHeight :guid "bd58e044-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: Height, like Width and Length, may depend on orientation. This relation is restricted to solid objects, and measures the distance from the lowest point of the object (in its normal orientation, or in its present orientation, depneding on the context) to the top of the object. For some objects, such as mountains, whose 'bottom' point is not clearly delimited, some convention such as 'sea level' may be used for the bottom point. In such cases, it would be better to define a separate subrelation to avoid ambiguity. Also,for objects aboe the ground, the distance of the bottom of the object from the ground is not represented by this relation. For liquids, the distance from the liquid surface to the supporting surface of the containing object is the 'depth'. NOTE that to represent fields in tables that use a single number to represent height in some units (e.g.in meters), use 'hasHeightInMeters', which is not a subproperty of this relation because the domain differs. NOTE that there is a special subproperty of hasHeight, related to people: 'hasBodyHeight'. This relation is a subproperty of 'hasHeight' and also of 'hasLength', specific for people. This means that the 'height' and 'length' of a person are the same thing, when talking about innate properties. This convention is adopted because in Russian what is in English called a 'height' is called a 'length'. If one uses the more general relation 'hasHeight' in place of 'hasBodyHeight' for a Person, the interpretation will usually be identical, unless the context indicates that the person is not standing, and a 'height' different from the stature height is being measured. In Cyc called 'heightOfObject': Cyc: A #$PhysicalAmountSlot used for stating the heights of tangible objects and other (polydimensional) spatial things. (#$heightOfObject OBJECT HEIGHT) means that the #$Distance (q.v.) from OBJECT's bottom boundary to its top boundary is HEIGHT. Top and bottom are often determined by an object's intrinsic default orientation, if it has one (see #$TopAndBottomSidedObject). But some objects have tops and bottoms - and thus heights -- only by virtue of their spatial relations to certain other objects in their environments. In any case, having a height requires being at least two-dimensional (see #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing). See also #$lengthOfObject, #$widthOfObject, and #$depthOfObject. """ ; rdfs:domain :SolidObject ; rdfs:range :HeightMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasHeightInMeters :expressesMeasure :LengthMeasure ; a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasHeightInMeters has the same intended meaning as 'hasHeight', except that the unit of measure is implied (the measure is in meters) and does not need to be represented explicitly in the value, which for this relation is a floating point number.""" ; rdfs:domain :SolidObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasHoldingCapacity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasHoldingCapacity'' can be used in conjunction with ''isDesignedToHold'' (or its subproperties) to specify both the type of objct hold and the number that\\ *can fit* inside some holder. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :HolderType :Container :Holder :StorageConstruct :Opening :Hole :Artifact-Generic ) ] . :hasHusband :en "is the spouse of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a person to his/her male spouse(s) """ ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :MalePerson ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasSpouse ; owl:inverseOf :isTheHusbandOf . :hasISO3166_Digraph a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Points to the ISO3166 Digraph for a Country, represented as a string."^^xsd:string ; rdfs:domain :Country ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasIdenticalContent :en "has the same content as", "is identical to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasIdenticalContent'' is a relation between abstract ''ConceptualWorks'' that have the same propositional content, regardless of whether they have different creators or different creation times. This is not the mathematical 'equals', for which use 'equals'. For equivalency of units or currencies, use 'isEquivalentTo' For identity of things that may have different labels, or of the same thing at different times (diachronic identity), use ''isidenticalTo''; See also 'isAlmostTheSameAs' for quantities', and 'equals' for mathematical and logical equality, and the QualitativeAttributeValue 'Equal'. NOTE: for ''ConceptualWork''s, though they may have identical propsitional content, if they are created at different times or by different people, they wll not be identical in COSMO in the sense of the relation ''isIdenticalto''. So this relation was created to express identity of propositional content (as with mass-produced copies of the same version of the same work). This relation will apply to multiple copies of any document or book or audio or video. """ . :hasIdenticalField a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasIdenticalField points from one column in one DatabaseTable to another column in the same or different DatabaseTable which has the same intended meaning as the first field. A measurement on an individual item may, for example, occur in two different tables. The cost of a particular item, for example, may occur in the database of a provider and a consumer.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTableColumn ; owl:inverseOf :hasIdenticalField . :hasInfinitiveForm a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasInfinitiveForm points from a tensed verb to the infinitive form of that verb.""" ; rdfs:domain :Verb ; rdfs:range :VerbInf ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasBaseForm . :hasInformationContent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasInformationContent relates an ''InformationObject'' (usually an ''InformationBearingObject'', which is a physical object) to some kind of information that is represented by that ''InformationBearingThing''. The ''InformationBearingThing'' could be a Sound or visual image, as transmistted by radio signals, or a PhysicalObject with some Image on it. This is the most general relation between InformationBearingObjects and the information they contain. The represented information may be conceptual content, or symbolic content such as abstract text. NOTE that the information content need not be symbolic - therefore, this relation is not a subrelation of 'hasAbstractRepresentation', which points to an AbstractSymbolicObject. See also hasAbstractRepresentation. """ ; rdfs:domain :InformationBearingThing ; rdfs:range :InformationBearingThing . :hasIntegerValue a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasIntegerValue' can be used to assign an integer value to any entity (unrestricted domain). The only use in COSMO rev1501 is for IQ values. """ ; rdfs:range xsd:int . :hasIntendedAudience a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasIntendedAudience' relates a Communication to one or more GenericAgents to whom the agent performing the Communication intends to transfer information. The object of this relation may or may not be the same as the object of the 'hasEndingPlace' relation, if the Communication reaches its intended audience (and no others). NOTE that this might be restricted to 'IntelligentAgent' if non-linguistic-able animals could not receive Communication. For now, keep it more general. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Communication :ExposingToView :Performance :EntertainmentEvent :ShowingSomething ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :GenericAgent ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheIntendedAudienceOf . :hasIntendedDestination :ldoce "to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasIntendedDestination' relates a GeneralizedTransfer to the 'Place' (Person or location) to which the transferred thing is intended to go - the intended recipient or location. NOTE that this differs from the ''hasDestination'' relation,which is used for travel events. The domain might be an ''attempted transfer' of something, but it may not be necessary to create such types - if 'theIntendedDestination' and the 'EndingPlace' are different for a transfer, then it can be inferred that the 'transfer' was an inended transfer that ended up in the wrong place. See ''Tossing'' for an example of use of this relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeneralizedTransfer :TransferIn :MotionType :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :GenericAgent :Object :OrientationMeasure :ObjectType :AgentType :LocationType ) ] . :hasIntendedPrimaryFunction :guid "bd58ca98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """CYC ('intendedPrimaryFunction'): This is a Cyc concept. See also hasDesignFunction, for Artifacts designed for a particular purpose. There is some overlap: This relation can also be used for Objects that were repurposed from an original primary purpose, such as structures may be. The Cyc range (SituationRole) was expanded to include DesignFunction. DesignFunction includes functions of naturally evolved systems, but an Artifact will typically not have a DesignFunction similar to that of a physiological system - but it might, as in synthesis of biochemicals. Cyc: A specialization of both #$primaryFunction and #$intendedBehaviorCapable (qq.v.) that is used to indicate the primary or typical use a given artifact (see #$Artifact-Generic) was designed to serve. (#$intendedPrimaryFunction ARTIFACT SITTYPE ROLE) means that (i) the primary function of ARTIFACT is to play ROLE in situations of the type SITTYPE and (ii) ARTIFACT was intended by its designer primarily to play ROLE in SITTYPEs. For example, the intended primary function of a #$MammographyProvider is to provide service (see #$providerOfService) in #$MammographicBreastCancerScreenings; and the intended primary function of a #$Pump-Mechanical is to cause things to move (see #$providerOfMotiveForce) in #$ConveyingMaterials events. Most artifacts have just one intended primary function, but some have more than one. For example, a clock-radio has two intended primary functions: displaying the current time of day and converting transmitted radio signals into audible sounds. Note that in #$SimpleDeviceFunctioningMt, however, it is assumed that every #$PhysicalDevice has only one intended primary function.""" ; rdfs:domain :Artifact-Generic ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationRole :DesignFunction :Action :ActionType ) ] . :hasIntendedRecipient a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasIntendedRecipient points from a product of a Communication Event (an abstract ''Message'' or a ''Document-Physical'') to the intended recipient of that Message. This is more broad than just human linguistic communication, and includes recipients which may be animals (e.g. mating animals receiving mating signals) or automatons that do not have human-level intelligence. @ToDo: should this be a subproperty of 'hasEndingPlace''??? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Message :Document-Physical :HardcopyInformationBearingObject :InformationBearingObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] . :hasIntendedResultOrProduct :en "has the purpose" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasIntendedResultOrProduct' relates an ''Action'' to the purpose (of almost any kind) for which it was performed, represented as the state or Event that is intended to be accomplished by the Action, or the Object or Substance that is intended to be produced. This relation is an integral component of the meaning of 'PurposefulAction'. THe more specific subproperty ''hasPurpose'' should be used if the intended purpose can be represented as a ''PersistentState'', ''EventType'', or ''Purpose'' (a MentalObject). A related relation is ''isaMethodTo'' which relates an **asserted** method to a goal that that method can accomplish. That relates abstract objects to each other. NOTE: ******** Related elements in the ontology are: ****** ''Goal'', ''Purpose'', ''DesiredFutureSituation'', ''GoalSituation'' , ''desires'', ''Intention''. Whether one uses: hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasPurpose hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires . . . . Depends on whether one wants to represent the Intentions of an Agent, an Agent's goal for a specific action, or just the state desired or just an object desired. NOTE that an 'intended' result may not actually occur after a PurposefulAction; therefore the relation 'hasResult' and its subrelations are not subrelations of this relation. A successful PurposefulAction may be related to its result by both 'hasIntendedResultOrProduct' and 'hasResult' (or a subrelation) NOTE that for 'generic' instances of Actions, where nothing specific is implied other than the type of action, using the parent type itself is acceptable as the value for the required 'hasIntendedResultOrProduct' relation: see e.g. 'GenericUnsolvedCrime' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationProcessEventOrState :FunctionalProcess :EventType :AttributeTypeType :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :Benefit ) ] . :hasIntensity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasIntensity relates an IntensiveAttribute to the Value of the attribute (high, medium, low). This is a subproperty of hasAttributeValue.""" ; rdfs:domain :IntensiveAttribute ; rdfs:range :Intensity ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasIntermediatePlace :ldoce "into" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasIntermediatePlace' relates a GeneralizedTransfer to the 'Place' or 'Object' (including paths) where the transferred thing is temporarily located between its starting and ending places. Since 'GeneralizedTransfer' is a broad type including transfers of abstract thing (e.g. information) as well as PhysicalObjects, the 'place' of origin or destination can be abstract as well. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeneralizedTransfer :TransferIn ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :GenericAgent :Object :ObjectType ) ] . :hasInternalPart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasInternalPart'' is a refinement ''hasPhysicalPart'' specifying that the object of the relation is part of the whole object and no part of the object is exposed on the surface of the subjct. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPhysicalPart ; owl:inverseOf :isanInternalPartOf . :hasInternalVolume :en "has capacity", "has internal volume", "has volume" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """InternalVolume relates a container to the internal volume which is available to hold the items that it was designed (or evolved) to hold. thus a heart can have an internal volume, and so can a truck or a cargo ship.""" ; rdfs:domain :Container ; rdfs:range :VolumeMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasVolume . :hasLargestExample a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Group :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheLargestAmong . :hasLastEditDate a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasLastEditDate relates an AbstractDocument to its most recent edit date, which is expressed as a DateTimeGroup. The information in such an assertion will often be incorrect because it is not updated frequently, so with a grain of salt we should interpret an assertion of this type as meaning the documnent was last edited on that date **or later**..""" ; rdfs:domain :AbstractSymbolicObject ; rdfs:range :DateTimeGroup . :hasLatitude a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """An instance-level relation that specifies the the geographical Latitude of the (approximate) centroid location of an (object or Region). For points, the location should be exact, within the error of measurement.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :LineOfLatitude :EarthPole ) ] ; rdfs:range :Latitude ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAt . :hasLeader a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """*NOTE when this relation points to a HumanRole rather than an individual, it should be interpreted as meaning 'typically' in that the leader is typically a Person having that Role. The leader of an Army squad, for example is typically a ''Sergeant'', but a 'Sergeant'' may have other functions and does not necessarily lead a ''Squad-Military'. A squad may be temporarily lead by a PFC or Corporal. When required,this can be differentiated by using Roles as necessary domains for a 'typically' relation. """ ; owl:inverseOf :isTheLeaderOf . :hasLength :guid "bd58db66-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: In Cyc called 'lengthOfObject' We restrict this to PhysicalObjects. Cyc: (#$lengthOfObject OBJECT LENGTH) means that the length of OBJECT is LENGTH. Which dimension of a given object counts as its length partly depends on such things as the type of object it is, its shape, and its spatial relations to other objects in its environment. Length is normally measured as the #$Distance from (what one intuitively thinks of as) one end of the object to its other end , and often corresponds to the dimension of the object that has the greatest magnitude. Some types of objects (e.g. trains and yachts) have front and back ends -- and thus lengths - by virtue of having an intrinsic default orientation (see #$FrontAndBackSidedObject and the other specializations of #$BilateralObject). For some other types of objects (e.g. shoelaces and hair strands), length is determined by that dimension that is of much greater magnitude, relatively speaking, than any of the object's other dimensions. Still other objects have lengths by virtue of having orientations determined only in relation to their environments (e.g. the length of a row of adjacent buldings might be the distance across the side of the row that faces the street, whether or not that happens to be the row's dimension of greatest magnitude). See also #$widthOfObject, #$heightOfObject, and #$depthOfObject.""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasLengthInFeet a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasLengthInFeet relates a PhysicalObject to the Length of its longest imension, measured in feet. The measures should be assumed to be approximate (plus or minus 100%), since this relation has no provision for specifying error ranges. This is usually used to specify the length of an elongated object (such as a sword), a boat, a piece of land, or any other type of elongated ''PhysicalObject''. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasLikelyActionOrChange a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasLikelyActionOrChange' is a specialized property that relates some Entity with a 'Tendency' to the actual Event or Change that will be exhibited by the Entity with that Tendency under the circumstances allowing the 'Tendency' to be manifested. Note that the Domain is heterogeneous: one may wish to specify an Action or Event that is likely to occur, or a Process that will be initiated, or some Change in an Attribute of the Entity with that Tendency. """ ; rdfs:domain :Tendency ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationProcessEventOrState :Change ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaResultDueToTendency . :hasLimit :ldoce "limit" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasLimit' is inherently a multiple-arity relation, so as an OWL construct it must point to a data structure that specifies what authority or what natural force is responsible for the limit, the situation in which the thing is limited, and the numerical magnitude of the limit. The kinds of things that can be limited are diverse, from concentrations of toxic substances (limited by law) to the speed of objects (limited by the speed of light), to the number of items that might be purchased by one person (limited by the rules of a merchant). To contain the meaning, the type 'Limit' is used.""" ; rdfs:range :Limit . :hasLimitValue a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasLimitValue' relates a Limit to the specific value, maximum or minimum that is the limit for that AttributeValue in that situation. The value may be dimensionless, as in a ratio, or in cases of mathematical theories.""" ; rdfs:domain :Limit ; rdfs:range :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :hasLimitation a owl:ObjectProperty . :hasLimitedSituation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasLimitedSituation' relates a Limit to the specific SituationProcessEventOrState, in which the limit exists. Add Region?? """ ; rdfs:domain :Limit ; rdfs:range :SituationProcessEventOrState . :hasListElement a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isInList . :hasListLength a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:comment "hasListLength specifies the integer length of a List." ; rdfs:domain :List ; rdfs:range xsd:int . :hasLittleOfSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasLittleOfSubstance'' is used in part as a conrast to ''hasMainComponentSubstance'' to specify that some particular substance has litle or none (less than 10%, usually less than 2%) of another substance. However, this can also be used of objects and object types. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :PhysicalObject :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType . :hasLocation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasLocation points to a measure that specifies the location (typically Latitude and Longitude) for a PhysicalObject. This might be a subproperty of 'isLocatedAt', but that relation has different argument types and is transitive. A rule could specify the relation thus: (iff (and (isLocatedAt ?PO ?Loc) (isanInstanceOf ?PO PhysicalObject) (isanInstanceOf ?Loc LocationMeasureType)) (hasLocation ?PO ?Loc)). Since a LocationMeasure cannot be the first argument of the isLocatedAt relation (it is not an Object), the transitivity cannot continue beyond the point where a LocationMeasureType is referenced.""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :LocationMeasureType . :hasLongitude a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """An instance-level relation that specifies the the geographical Longitude of the (approximate) centroid location of an (object or Region). For points, the location should be exact, within the error of measurement.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :PhysicalObject :GeographicalArea ) ] ; rdfs:range :Longitude ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAt . :hasLowerLimit a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasLowerLimit' relates an instance of 'Number' or 'NumberRange' to a datatype number, which is below or equal to the lowest possible value for the RealNumber. Whether the limit is inclusive or exclusive depends on the context in which it is used. This is a way to relate reified instances of number in the ontology to datatype numbers. See, for example,'GreaterThanHalf'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Number :NumberRange :VerbalProbability :QualitativeAttributeType ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMainActiveIngredient a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMainActiveIngredient is used to specify that some particular substance, usually a mixture, necessarily contains within it a component Substance which by itself imparts characteristic properties to the whole Substance. The ActiveIngredient may be a drug substance, or an inorganic substance such as a disinfectant or cleanser in a household product. For example, in a household disinfectant consisting of 3% hydrogen peroxide in water, the MainActiveIngredient will be the hydrogen peroxide. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasActiveIngredient . :hasMainComponentSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMainComponentSubstance is used to specify that some particular substance necessarily contains within it a dominant component which is another substance. The 'Main Component' substance pointed to will not necessarily be more than 50% of the total, but it will usually be percentage-wise greater than the other Substance components, and in rare cases (such as concentrated solutions of highly soluble solids) when another substance is of greater percentage weight, it should contribute significantly to the properties of the whole Substance; this is the case in some solutions, where the solvent will be pointed to by this relation, even though the solvent will occasionally not be the main constituent by weight. An example of this relation would be to point to Gold as the 'main component substance' even for 10-karat gold, where the Gold is less than 50% of the total weight of the Substance, but is the most salient component in terms of properties. For the case when a Substance has some significant properties that characterize a mixture, but may not necessarily be a significant fraction of the weight, the relation 'hasMainActiveIngredient' should be used. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasSalientSubstance ; owl:inverseOf :isTheMainComponentSubstanceOf . :hasMainPhysicalPart :ldoce "part" ; :wnsense "part4n" ; :wordnet "part" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasMainPhysicalPart'' points from some physical object or PhysicalObjectType to another physical object or PhysicalObjectType that is the largest type of object (there may be one or many) of which the whole object is comprised, often but not necessarily more than half by weight of the whole object. The object pnted to by this relation includes but is not restricted to to noun sense 4 of 'part' in WordNet; this does not have to apply to an artifact. in WordNet: 4. (123) part, portion - (something less than the whole of a human artifact; 'the rear part of the house'; 'glue the two parts together') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPhysicalPart . :hasMainTopic a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'isTheMainTopicOf'. Relates an AbstractSymbolicObject or a Communication to a topic which is the main topic of the object or communication. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ExternalReferringThing :Communication :Action :CommunicationType :MentalObject :MentalEvent :PhysicalObject :ObjectType :Proposition :PropositionType :Theory :Searching :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTopic ; owl:inverseOf :isTheMainTopicOf . :hasMajority :en "has mojarity" ; :env "has mojarity" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasMajority'' is the inverse of ''isTheMajorityOf''. """ ; owl:inverseOf :isTheMajorityOf . :hasManner :en "has manner", "is performed" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasManner' relates a type of Event (usually an Action) to the Manner in which it occurred or was performed. This can be applied to individual instances of Event or to types of Event. The Manner is represented by some subtype of 'AdverbialModifier' or an instance of ''Adverb''.. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Adverb :QualitativeAttributeType :AdverbType ) ] . :hasMannerOfUse a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMannerOfUse' specifies a type of Action that is the method by which an Artifact is used to achieve its intended purpose. This can be used to answer one sense of 'how?' or 'in what manner?' or 'how do you use it?'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType . :hasMass :ldoce "weigh" ; :wnsense "weigh1v" ; :wordnet "weigh" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMass relates a PhysicalObject to its mass. In ordinary English the word 'weight' may be used to mean 'mass'. This has a related meaning to 'hasMassInGrams' and 'hasMassInGrams' but those are datatype relations that take a number as value, with 'grams' or 'kilograms' being the implied UnitOfMeasure, whereas the present relation will take a MassMeasure, which can be of any mass unit of measure, and must have the unit of measure specified in the argument value. The relation 'hasMass' is particularly useful when one wants to specify a limit or range for the mass value. The limit or range can be specified in the Quantifier portion of the MassMeasure instance. The use of this relation implies some prior measurement or estimate of mass, suggesting some relation to verb sense 1 of 'weigh' in WordNet: 1. (19) weigh - (have a certain weight) """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :MassMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasMassEquivalent a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMassInEquivalent' relates some 'QuantityOfEnergy' to its mass equivalent measured in grams. """ ; rdfs:domain :QuantityOfEnergy ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMassInGrams :ldoce "weigh" ; :wnsense "weigh1v" ; :wordnet "weigh" ; a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMassInGrams relates an Object to its mass measured in grams. This is a shortcut to using more general functional mass measures, and is used here only for illustration, to permit some specifics in instances. The values given should be taken as crude estimates (order of magnitude estimates, possible error over 100%), particularly since no time interval is given by this relation. Relations expressing more exact values of mass have not yet (v0.45) been written in COSMO. This is mostly a placeholder for more meaningful relations. NOTE: This is not a FunctionalProperty, so the assignment of more than one mass would not be an inconsistency. This is useful where objects that usually have variable and indeterminate mass can be specified as having a value of '-1' (unknown) but if the ass is actually know, the actual mass can be specified. An object that as '-1' and some positive value can be assumed to have the positive value, with '-1' merely being the default. NOTE that for convenience we allow FictionalThings to have a mass, though they are not PhysicalObjects. NOTE: for objects whose mass is unknown, a value of '-1' will serve as the code for 'unknown mass'. Since, as of v0.49, a mass value is required in COSMO for PhysicalObjects (mass is the characteristic property of PhysicalObjects), an explicit value must be provided even if it is unknown. If an approximate value can be guessed within +- 100% (as with human weights),a value should be entered so that the reasoner will have some information with which to make inferences. For example, a car mass of 1,000,000 grams (one ton) will allow the reasoner to infer 'too heavy for a person to lift'. NOTE: for the restriction, 'MentalObject' was added as an additional domain to allow descriptions of Fictional objects to have mass attributed. @ToDo: refactor in a more meaningful way? The use of this relation implies some prior measurement or estimate of mass, suggesting some relation to verb sense 1 of 'weigh' in WordNet: 1. (19) weigh - (have a certain weight) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :MentalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMassInKilograms :ldoce "weigh" ; :wnsense "weigh1v" ; :wordnet "weigh" ; a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMassInKilograms has the same meaning as 'hasMassInGrams', other than a thousand-fold difference in magnitude, but may be used for convenience in database mappings where the weight is given in kilograms, to avoid the need for conversion. NOTE ToDo: a relationship should be defined between the two mass relations, but has not been added as of v 0.45 (Jan 2008). The use of this relation implies some prior measurement or estimate of mass, suggesting some relation to verb sense 1 of 'weigh' in WordNet: 1. (19) weigh - (have a certain weight) """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters relates a PhysicalObject to its maximal diameter, measured in centimeters. This can also be used to relate a discoid or near-discoid object to its largest width. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMaximumDistance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:domain :Proximity ; rdfs:range :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :hasMaximumDuration a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMaximumDuration' specifies that a particular type of Event last no longer than a certain time interval. This is useful for enabling an inferencer to make reasonable inferences about how long a type of Event is likely to last.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range :TimeDuration . :hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasMaximumHeightInCentimeters'' relates a PhysicalObject to its maximal Height, measured in centimeters. The ''Height'' must be vertical, meaningful only for top and bottom sided objects that rest in a gravitational field on some object (or water, for boats). """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMaximumLengthInCentimeters relates a PhysicalObject to its maximal Length, measured in centimeters. The 'length' can be in any dimension, regardless of orientation, and for a flexible object this represents the length when maximally extended. A coiled string has a maximum length that is measured when fully uncoliped. The measures should be assumed to be approximate, since this relation has no provision for specifying error ranges. For rigid objects, this would nomrlaly coincide with the 'Length' measure. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMaximumMassInGrams a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMaximumMassInGrams relates a PhysicalObject to its maximal mass, measured in grams. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMaximumRatioOfSides a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasMaximumRatioOfSides'' is a specialized relation for describing the shape of a ''Rectagle'' to specify the ratio of the lengths of the sides, used together with ''hasMinimumRatioOfSides''. specified as a floating point number. """ ; rdfs:domain :Rectangle ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMaximumThicknessInCentimeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMaximumThicknessInCentimeters relates a PhysicalObject to its maximum 'depth', measured in centimeters. The measures should be assumed to be approximate (plus or minus 100%), since this relation has no provision for specifying error ranges. This can be used . to restrict the 'depth' (smallest dimension) of a 'surface' when there may be ambguity about how deep one can go and stil be part of the 'surface'. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMaximumValue a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMaximumValue' relates instances of Number or NumericalFunction to the maximum for a numerical value that has a no lower limit (though for many cases the lower limit will be 0 and will be understood as such. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:NumericalFunction :Number :UOMPrefix :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMaximumWidthInCentimeters relates a PhysicalObject to its maximal Width, measured in centimeters. To be a 'width' in this sense requires that the object described have a significantly longer 'length' than 'width'. This is useful for specifying the width of long thin things like threads and cylinders. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMeaningRepresentation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMeaningRepresentation' relates some linguistic or logical word or phrase to its 'meaning' in a 'LogicalSentence', or a 'LogicalContent' (i.e. some Group of 'LogicalSentence's). The use of this relationship means that the actual 'meaning' that is intended by a COSMO ontology user can be represented by some LogicalSentence(s), and each 'LogicalSentence' must be translatable into a canonical 'LogicalSentence', presumably in FOL. An assertion in some higher logic must therefore be represented in FOL, as by the use of Common Logic. NOTE: in the case of an ''AmbiguousExpression'' the author may have one meaning in mind in creating an assertion, but for any of various reasons the possible interpretations may be more than one. The fact that individual words may have many alternative definitions in a dictionary is one illustration of this characteristic of natural language, but phrases may be ambiguous even if the individual words are correctly interpreted. For this reason, this property is not 'functional', i.e. there can be more than one value for this relation with one subject phrase, and its use should be interpreted as pointing to the most likely possible meaning. """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LogicalContent :LogicalSentence ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAbstractRepresentation ; owl:inverseOf :isTheMeaningRepresentationOf . :hasMeltingPoint a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMeltingPoint' relates a PhysicalSubstance to the temperature at which it melts in the atmosphere, ie. the temperature at which the solid phase is in equilibrium with the liquid phase, at 760 mm Hg, or atmospheric pressure.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :TemperatureMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasMember :ldoce "member" ; :wnsense "member1n" ; :wordnet "member" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMember is a specialization of the relation 'hasPart' applied specifically to a GroupOfPeople, or to an Organization whose 'members' are people, i.e. human beings. The relation points to an individual Person, or to a PersonType. NOTE that where an Organization is itself a 'member' of a larger Organization, the relation 'hasOrganizationMember' muist be used to express that membership. Part of the meaning of this relation is expressed by noun sense 1 of 'member' in WordNet: 1. (521) member - (one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participates in a group organization); 'only members will be admitted'; 'a member of the faculty'; 'she was introduced to all the members of his family') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GroupOfPeople :Organization :GroupType :OrganizationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaMemberOf . :hasMentalObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMentalObject' relates an IntentionalAgent to one or more of the Mental things that an agent may be said to 'have': a Goal, an Intention, a Plan, a Feeling. NOTE that the inverse relation 'isInTheMindOf' is a subproperty of 'wasCreatedBy': anything in an agent's mind must be created by that agent. """ ; rdfs:domain :IntentionalAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalObject :FeelingType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isInTheMindOf . :hasMiddleName a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMiddleName relates a Person to a MiddleNameString that is a part of the Person's full name. NOTE that the MiddleNameString may be an abbreviation or a full middle name, and is therefore not unique. It is an instance of a Type, not a datatype string. In western cultures a particular name may be used as a MiddleNameString or a GivenNameString.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :FamilyNameString . :hasMilitaryDecoration a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMilitaryDecoration relates a Person to some MilitaryAward that was conferred on that Person. The award is the abstract honor, not the physical symobl, which may have been lost or given away. Once the award is conferred, the Person always 'has' it, even if the person rejects or refuses to accept it. This relation indicates the act of conferring the award.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :MilitaryAward . :hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMinimumAreaInSquareFeet relates the surface of a PhysicalObject to its minimum area, measured in square feet. The measures should be assumed to be approximate (plus or minus 100%), since this relation has no provision for specifying error ranges. This can be used to specify the minimum area of some portion of some type of region on the surface of the Earth. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters relates a PhysicalObject to its minimum diameter, measured in centimeters. The measures should be assumed to be approximate (plus or minus 100%), since this relation has no provision for specifying error ranges. This can also be used to relate a discoid or near-discoid object, or a feature on the surface of ehe Earth, to its smallest width. For a LongAndThin object, this will refer to the cross-sectional diameter, not the length. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMinimumDuration a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMinimumDuration' specifies that a particular type of Event lasts no less than a certain time interval. This is useful for enabling an inferencer to make reasonable inferences about Events that by definition last for at least some interval of time (e.g. ''Drought''). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range :TimeDuration . :hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters :expressesMeasure :LengthMeasure ; a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMinimumHeightInCentimeters differs from 'hasHeight', in that this relation specifies a minimum, without specifying a maximum.""" ; rdfs:domain :SolidObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMinimumLengthInCentimeters relates a PhysicalObject to its minimum Length, measured in centimeters. The measures should be assumed to be approximate (plus or minus 100%), since this relation has no provision for specifying error ranges. This is usually used to specify the length of an elongated object (such as a sword). """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMinimumLengthInMeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMinimumLengthInMeters relates a PhysicalObject to its minimum Length, measured in meters. This is usually used to specify the length of large elongated objects (such as a road). """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMinimumRatioOfSides a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasMinimumRatioOfSides'' is a specialized relation for describing the shape of a ''Rectagle'' to specify the ratio of the lengths of the sides, specified as a floating point number, and , used together with ''hasMinimumRatioOfSides''. """ ; rdfs:domain :Rectangle ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMinimumValue a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMinimumValue' relates instances of Number or NumericalFunction to the minimum for a numerical value that has no limit above a certain value """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:NumericalFunction :Number :UOMPrefix :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasMinimumWidth a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Width, as Length, may depend on orientation. There may be more than one Width, and this relation may have to be qualified. For specialized width measures, each will be a subProperty of the hasWidth measure, describing one type of Width. Each instance of Width is composed of a length UnitOfMeasure and a Quantifier. We restrict this to PhysicalObjects.""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasMonetaryValue a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMonetaryValue' specifies the quantity of money in some currency that is the monetary value of some MoneyObject. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThingType :ValuableThing :MonetaryValue :Price ) ] ; rdfs:range :MoneyMeasure ; owl:inverseOf :isTheMonetaryValueOf . :hasMonomerUnit a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMonomerUnit relates a Polymer (a Substance) to the type of chemical unit (an Object) that is repeated in the chain.. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :Polymer ) ] ; rdfs:range :ChemicalObjectType . :hasMother a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """relates a person to that person's female parent. This includes all kinds of parents - biological, foster, adoptive, etc..""" ; rdfs:domain :ChildRole ; rdfs:range :FemalePerson ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParent . :hasMultipleValue a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Represents the multiplier value of a 'UOMPrefix', as a COSMO Integer or NthRatio, e.g. 'N_1000' or 'N_1_1000'. """ ; rdfs:domain :UOMPrefix ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:NonnegativeInt :NthRatio ) ] . :hasMultiplicand a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasMultiplicand' relates a Number that is a 'MultiplicationProduct' to its factors. Inverse of 'isaMultiplicandOf'.""" ; rdfs:domain :MultiplicationProduct ; rdfs:range :Number ; owl:inverseOf :isaMultiplicandOf . :hasName a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasName relates an instance of an entity to a string of linguistic characters used to reference the entity in some context. This is a datatype property, and the string that is referenced as the name cannot be identified as to context. If one wants to specify the context in which an entity has some name, one should use the 'hasSynonym' relation. This is the inverse of the SUMO relation 'names', added to allow more flexible representation in Protege. hasName can be applied to instances or classes, and can take multiple values.."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasNamespacePrefix a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasNamespacePrefix Specifies an entity whose ontology identifier can serve as a string which constitutes a unique namespace prefix to be used to make unique identifiers for entities in the ontology. By making the NamespacePrefixes into first-class entities in the ontology, the internal ontology uniqueness function can serve as a check that each NamespacePrefix is unique..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Context :ContextType ) ] ; rdfs:range :NamespacePrefix ; owl:inverseOf :isThePrefixForContext . :hasNetWorth :ldoce "fortune" ; :wnsense "fortune2n" ; :wordnet "fortune" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasNetWorth' relates a LegalAgent to the nete value of that agent's assets minus that agent's liabilities. This can be used to represent statements such as 'B's fortune is in the billions' or 'B has a net worth of 5 billions dollars.' Corresponds to part of noun sense 2 of 'fortune' in WordNet, as in expressions such as 'his fortune dwindled'. in WordNet: 2. (3) fortune - (a large amount of wealth or prosperity) """ ; rdfs:domain :LegalAgent ; rdfs:range :MoneyObject . :hasNominalForm a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "." ; rdfs:domain :QualitativeAttributeType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quality :AttributeTypeType :QualityType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation ; owl:inverseOf :isTheNominalFormOf . :hasNumberOfSides a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasNumberOfSides is a relation specific for polygons and other shapes, specifying the number of sides (straight lines) each type contains.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ShapeType :Polygon ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:int . :hasNumerator a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasNumerator points to the numerator in a Ratio, which can be any of several types of things. This points to the first element of an OrderedPair.""" ; rdfs:domain :Ratio ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasFirstElement . :hasNumeratorDimension a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasNumeratorType specifies the dimension of the numerator in a RatioQuantity. This may be a type of situation (e.g. a situation in which a sample is taken from a group of things) """ ; rdfs:domain :RatioQuantity . :hasNumericalAbbreviation a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """Specifies the abbreviation (e.g. 1st, 2nd) corresponding to an OrdinalNumber.""" ; rdfs:domain :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasNumericalValue a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasNumericalValue' relates instances of Number or NumericalFunction to the datatype number value. The value, in the case of some fractions (e.g.1/3), may be an approximation to the accurate value. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:NumericalFunction :Number :Quantity :UOMPrefix :VerbalQuantitativeAttribute :UnitRatio :CardinalityValue ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasObject points to the object of a RelationInstance, the second argument in RDF or a CL-compliant format. This can also be used to point to an ''Event'' that is the grammatical subject of a sentence and seem intitively inappropriate to reference as 'performsActon'. In the special form of a RelationInstance, the 'topic' specified in the relation 'hasTopic' will be any of the arguments, including the subject, of a RelationInstance (but not the relation name). Therefore this relation is a subproperty of 'hasTopic'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RelationInstance :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTopic . :hasObjectCardinality a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasObjectCardinality' is a property of an Object (physical or abstract) that 'contains' (in any sense), Things (Objects or substances), and may have more than one of the same general type of contained Object; the type of the contained part and its cardinality are contained in an object argument that is an instance of 'ObjectCardinalityValue'. That same type is used for ''hasPartCardinality', but the distinction of 'part' and 'contents' is made by the relation used - either this relation or 'hasPartCardiality'. The 'contained' thing **NOTE**: can be used as a **default** relation, when some *type* of entity 'typically' contains a certain number of objects, but can also be used for restrictions on individuals of a particular type (e.g. the number of rooms in a particular house) or can be used to specify the number of contained objects at a particular time in some Object that can contain things. This relation does not required that the *subject be formally of 'Containertype', so is broadly usable. @ToDo: This is a multi-part mechanism for specifying content cardinalities that could be done more simply with a multiple-arity relation in an FOL implementation (e.g. 'hasPartsOftype' with cardinality and type as arguments). The translator from OWL to CL might do such a conversion, if it proves more computationally efficient.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range :ObjectCardinalityValue . :hasObjectChanged a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasObjectChanged' is a specialized relation, relating a Change (an AttributeValue (a Difference of any kind), not an Event) in some object or substance to the Object or substance that has changed. The Object may be abstract, and the Change can be any operation (such as a mathematical operation), not merely an Event situated in time. For a more general 'change' relation see ''isChangedByEvent'' """ ; rdfs:domain :Change ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :Object :ObjectType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeValueType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] . :hasObjectMoved :en "has object moved" ; :env "has object moved" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasObjectMoved' is a specialized relation for some types of motion, specifying the Object that has moved. The range includes substances to allow specifying motion of substances (e.g. through a conduit or portal) without reifying the specific quantity of the substance moving. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :MovementOrShapeChangeEvent ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected . :hasObjectOfComparison a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasObjectOfComparison' is used to: (1) relate an instance of 'AttributeComparison' to the second ('object') of two entities being compared, or (2) to the comparison Group for which some ''ComparativeFeature'' or ''SalientThing'' is being asserted as distinguishing the things having that feature from the *typical* or *average* feature of the ''ObjectOfComparison''. The 'ObjectOfComparison' can be of any type, and the range is not restricted. This relation can add some specificity to the use of QualitativeAttributes that assert some type of magnitude (Long, Tall, Short, Narrow, Large, Small, Fast, Slow etc.) For one example of usage, see ''LongLegs''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeComparison :RelativeState :ComparativeFeature :SalientThing ) ] . :hasObjectOfState a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasObjectOfState'' points from some ''PersistentState'' to the object(s) that are the grammatical '*object' (or '*patient') of the state, which is expressed as a verb in English (e.g. 'is' or 'has'). The *object can be an attribute when the PersistentState describes something as having an attribute. See also ''isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute'' to relate a PerssistentState to an AttributeValue that can characterize that state. For example, the subproperty 'hasThingOwned' relates an ''Ownership'' state to the thing owned in that instance of that state. NOTE that the relation ''isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute'' is be used to relate states to AttributeValues of entitites in that state - rather than to the Objects that 'have' that attribute or 'perform' that state (when viewed as an Action by a Object). """ ; rdfs:domain :PersistentState ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Group :ObjectType :GroupType :AttributeValueType :AttributeType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant, :refersToExternalEntity . :hasObjectOwned a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasObjectOwned'' points from some ''Ownership'' to the object(s) that is owned. """ ; rdfs:domain :Ownership ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasObjectOfState ; owl:inverseOf :isOwnedInOwnershipState . :hasObjectSupported a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BeingSupported :SupportingSomething :Carrying ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :isSupportedThingInEvent . :hasObjectType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasObjectType' is a specialized relation for the properties ''PartCardinalityValue'' and''ObjectCardinalityValue'', specifying the type of object (which could be a substance) whose cardinality is being specified. For example, to specify that a TypicalAdultPerson has two arms, one uses {TypicalAdultPerson hasPartCardinality TwoArms}, and then creates an instance ('TwoArms') of PartCardinalityValue that has the assertions: {TwoArms hasObjectType Arm} and {TwoArms hasQuantifier N_2}. To simplify for small numbers, 'hasExactlyTwo' has also been defined. OWl 2 may have more succinct mechanisms, but this is for the simpler OWL version. See 'compactedRelation' and other subproperties for further discusion of how these elements are used to represent multiple-arity relations and to facilitate conversion of the OWL versio of COSMO into an FOL version. See 'hasPartCardinality' for the relation relating an Object to the number of parts of a particular type.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PartCardinalityValue :ObjectCardinalityValue ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :compactedRelation . :hasObligation :guid "7f782de4-0efe-41d8-8f63-9a30bda3758b" ; :ldoce "must", "ought" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasObligation' is the most generic relation relating an IntelligentAgent to some Obligation (duty) that the agent should perform, under some penalty for failure to perform. The kind of Obligation can range from a minimal, self-imposed obligation ('I should go on a diet') to legal obligations, to social obligations such as caring for one's children, or religious obligations. See 'Obligation' for the various ways people may be obligated to do things. For the Obligations associated with a BindingAgreement or Contract, use 'hasAssocatedObligations'. Obligation' and 'hasObligation' can be differentiated, but in rev793 this relation has no subproperties. Linguistic usage translating into this relation can use phrases such as 'he should ...', 'he must ... ', 'he is under an obligation to ...' 'he ought to'; 'it is your duty to ...'. 'ought to' generally conveys a less strong Obligation than 'must'. In Cyc a similar concept is represented by relation 'oughtTo-RoleInType' Cyc: An instance of #$TernaryPredicate, used for tersely expressing a certain class of deontic assertions. #$oughtTo-RoleInType relates an instance of #$IntelligentAgent, a specialization of #$Event, and an instance of #$BinaryRolePredicate, so as to express the deontic requirement that the agent play that role in an event of that type. For example, (#$oughtTo-RoleInType Person001 #$CharitableDonation #$giver) says that Person001 ought to make a donation to some charity. (#$oughtTo-RoleInType AGENT EVENT-TYPE ROLE) expands into (#$oughtToDo AGENT (#$relationExistsInstance ROLE EVENT-TYPE AGENT)). Cannot find any entries in WordNet for verb 'ought' or 'must' """ ; rdfs:domain :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:range :Obligation ; owl:inverseOf :isAnObligationOf . :hasOrderNumber :en "has order number" ; a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """Specifies the integer corresponding to the sequence number for an OrdinalNumber. """ ; rdfs:domain :OrdinalNumber ; rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger . :hasOrderingRelation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasOrderingRelation'' points from an ''OrderedGroup'' to the relation that expresses how the Group is ordered. """ ; rdfs:domain :OrderedGroup ; rdfs:range :OrderingRelation . :hasOrganicPart a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasOrganicPart'' is the inverse of ''isAnOrganicPartOf'' but is used less often than the latter.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isAnOrganicPartOf . :hasOrganizationMember :ldoce "consist", "contain", "include" ; :wnsense "consist4v", "contain1v", "include1v" ; :wordnet "consist", "contain", "include" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasOrganizationMember' is specialized to relate an Organization to some InelligentAgent (possibly another Organization) that is a member of that Organization. This can also be used to relate types of people to Organizations or types of Organizations. NOTE: not all 'Organizations' have 'members', such as corporations. They have other groups of related persons. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isamemberOfOrganization . :hasOrientation :en "is oriented toward", "is pointed toward", "points toward" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasOrientation usually specifies the direction toward which the front end of an asymmetric object is pointed, The orientation can be in any number of dimensions. This can also be used for a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'', in which case the orientation could be ''Horizontal'', or in some geographic direction; for a ''TopAndBottomSidedObject'' the orientation could be ''Vertical' or at some angle deviating from the vertical, and a non-vertical orientation could be combined with a geographic orientation to provide more detail, as could happen with the gnomon of a sundial. The 'range' is not restricted, as labels for orientation can vary. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FrontAndBackSidedObject :TopAndBottomSidedObject :LongAndThinObject :ObjectType ) ] . :hasOriginalLocation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasOriginalLocation' is an instance-level 'location' relation for ***large objects that are fixed in a particular geographical location***. Such objects tend not to move, but on occasion they may be intentionally moved, as in the case of the LondonBridge, and of certain buildings. This relation allows one to specify the original location, which in most cases will also be the current location. This can also be used to refer to the location of large fixed objects that no longer exist, such as the Collossus of Rhodes. NOTE: for the more general notion of 'staying' (in a state or location) use the relation: 'hasConstantAttributeOrLocation' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :GenericSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :GenericLocation ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAtOrOn ; owl:inverseOf :wasTheOriginalLocationOf . :hasOwnershipIn :guid "c10af144-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the notion of 'ownership' in COSMO is broadened to include ownership by animals who have created and may modify artifacts. This may create problems in practice - @ToDo see how the 'owner' of a 'Device' is interpreted by applications. Perhaps a narrower subtype will be needed ('LegalOwnership'?) This predicate relates agents to things of which they have part or whole ownership. (#$hasOwnershipIn AGENT THING) means that AGENT owns a part (or the whole) of THING. For example, Ted Turner #$hasOwnershipIn Atlanta's Olympic Stadium; there may be other owners. See also #$legalOwnerOf and #$ownsShare.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :IntelligentAgent :LegalAgent :FictionalCharacter ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThing :ObjectType :Object :FictionalThing ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :ableToAffect . :hasParent :en "has parent" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """relates a person to one of that person's parents. This includes all kinds of parents - biological, foster, adoptive, etc. NOTE: for the inverse relation use ''hasChild''. """ ; rdfs:domain :ChildRole ; rdfs:range :Person ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaRelativeOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasChild . :hasParentSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasParentSubstance is a specialized relation for use in specifying the meaning of an instance of 'FractionalComponentSubstance'. For the rationale behind the use of this relation, see 'FractionalComponentSubstance'""" ; rdfs:domain :FractionalComponentSubstance ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType . :hasPart :ldoce "include" ; :wnsense "include1v" ; :wordnet "include" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """the inverse of 'isaPartOf', a very general relation applicable to spatial regions, events, or objects in some space. @Perhaps there should be no restrictions on domain or range?? See also 'mayHavePart' for cases where having a type of part is not always true. Non-standard usage: 'PhysicalSubstance' is added, though there are no instances in COSMO. This is a device to allow inheritable use of relations on substances. Needs to be carefully translated into FOL. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'include' in WordNet: 1. (613) include - (have as a part, be made up out of; 'The list includes the names of many famous writers') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialThing :Object :GenericAgent :AgentType :Group :GroupType :Event :FunctionalProcess :Region :LocationType :Place :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :EventType :ObjectType :List :GenericLocation :LocationType :AttributeValue :Capability :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; owl:inverseOf :isaPartOf . :hasPartCardinality a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasPartCardinality' is a property of an Object (physical or abstract) that has parts, and may have more than one of the same type of part; the type of the part and the cardinality are contained in an object argument that is an instance of 'PartCardinalityValue'. The 'parts' enumerated by this relation can be objects 'contained' inside another object (in some time interval) not merely an integral part. **NOTE**: this is intended as a **default** relation, and is in the same class or relations with those having 'typically' in their label. Thus this can be used to describe prototypical structures. This relation is used to specify, e.g. that a TypicalAdultPerson has two arms and one nose. This relation allows specifying the number of parts of a particular type that an Object or Substance has. See 'PartCardinalityValue' for the means of specifying the number of parts. This can be used at the type or instance level. NOTE: the same logical effect might be accomplished by using 'hasPhysicalPart' and adding an 'owl:Cardinality' relation with the number. BUT that OWL usage may not NOTE that this kind of restriction may not be accomplished by simply using the OWL 'cardinality' constraint on the 'hasPhysicalPart' relation, if those constraints restrict the total number of entities that can be related by some particular relation, not the number **of a particular type**. This is unclear to the author and needs more study of the OWL logic. It would be possible to use cardinality constraints, if a suitably specific relation were defined. For example, if one wanted to say that a 'ThreeMastedSchooner' is a Schooner that has three Masts, one might define a relation 'hasMast' as a subtype of the 'hasPhysicalPart' relation, and then, in the ThreeMastedSchooner type specification, assert that the cardinality of the relation 'hasMast' is three. With the 'hasPartCardinality' relation, one can achieve a similar meaning without having to define a new relation. The internal semantics of this relation, however, cannot be processed by the OWL reasoner, as would an explicit cardinality constraint. The semantics of this relation would depend on implementation in an FOL version of the ontology. With respect to substances, 'parts' can refer to the different molecular parts (e.g.atoms) of a molecule fo the substance. This notion might be better represented by a more specialized relation. @ToDo: This is a multi-part mechanism for specifying part cardinalities that could be done more simply with a multiple-arity relation in an FOL implementation (e.g. 'hasPartsOftype' with cardinality and type as arguments). The translator from OWL to CL might do such a conversion, if it proves more computationally efficient.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range :PartCardinalityValue ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :compactedRelation . :hasParticipant :ldoce "party" ; :wnsense "participant1n", "party5n" ; :wordnet "participant", "party" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasParticipant relates an Event to the things (Objects, Substances) that participate in the Event in some role, as causative agents, or as instruments, or as products or in other roles (e.g. as witnesses). This is the most general 'case' relation that is conceptual rather than strictly grammatical. It can be used to express a relation between types or instances. It will usually be used to refer to past Events, but may refer to future or hypothetical Events.. The range should just be #Thing Participants include the inputs and outputs of Events that are creation or destruction events. See, for example, 'produced'. NOTE: @ToDo REv 1303: if a relation is needed specifically to refer to voluntary particiants, see ''participatedInAction'' which has been commented out. Needed?? COSMO note: Objects may 'participate' in an Event without being a 'patient', for example in a ''Believing'' the Belief involved is a participant in the Event, but the properties of the belief involved are not among the fluents that are affected by the Event. Rather, in that case, the relationship between the Agent and the belief is the fluent. The object of this relation is a 'participant' and, when a person may also be called a 'party' to an action. NOTE: 'TopicType is added to the domain so that 'hasSubjectOfStudy' can be a subrelation of this relation. @ToDo: needs rethinking. - probably should be no restrictions on the type of participant. The Object, when it is a Person, Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'participant' and in some cases is labeled as a 'party' (includes but is broader than the legal sense 5 of 'party') in WordNet: 1. (1) participant - (someone who takes part in an activity) WN noun 'party': 5. (31) party - (a person involved in legal proceedings; 'the party of the first part') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :FictionalEvent :EventType :FunctionalProcess :TopicType :ProcessType :AttributeRateOfChange :LifeStageType :LifeStage :DitransitiveObjectPair :FieldOfStudy :PaymentAmount :FeelingType :PhysiologicalCondition :AilmentType :SearchingType :Benefiting :Sport :SportType :Object4D ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaParticipantIn . :hasPerimeterLength :guid "be817ff1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Cyc: This predicate relates objects to their perimeter lengths. (#$lengthOfObjectPerimeter OBJ PERIM) means that the length of OBJ's perimeter is PERIM. Compare this with #$objectPerimeter.""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :LengthMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasPhysicalPart :ldoce "part", "piece" ; :wnsense "part7n", "piece1n", "piece3n" ; :wordnet "part", "piece" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Inverse of isaPhysicalPartOf. Used at the instance level, this creates a Time-dependent assertion that some physical object has a particular part. This is a subproperty of 'isaProperPartOf' and implies that there are other parts. Note that to 'have' a physical part does not necessarily mean that the physical part is connected to the main body of the object that has it. A musical instrument, disassembled in its carrying case, can be said to exist and have all of its parts present, even though they are not connected. To be sure that an object is **functional** requires more than just knowing that all of the required parts are present. When used between types, an assertion using this relation is to be interepreted as meaning that every instance of the subject has an instance of the objects as a part; but this form of relation does not require that the object instance be instantiated. How to handle this information will depend on the program using the ontology. The object of this relation is of type 'part' or 'piece'; the object corresponds to noun sense 7 of 'part' in WordNet, and sense 3 and part of sense 1 of 'Piece' (unclear from the example how broad sense 1 of 'piece' is):: WN 'piece': in WordNet: 1. (25) piece - (a separate part of a whole; 'an important piece of the evidence') 3. (8) part, piece - (a portion of a natural object; 'they analyzed the river into three parts'; 'he needed a piece of granite') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAssociatedObject, :hasProperPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaPhysicalPartOf . :hasPhysicalRepresentation :ldoce "represent" ; :wnsense "represent2v" ; :wordnet "represent" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasPhysicalRepresentation is the relation that points from some concept or thing, whether abstract or concrete, to a physical object that is either (a) intended as a representation of that abstract thing; or (b) the thing itself, or the type of thing represented. Thus a picture or drawing of an object could be a physical representation of that object or might bre intended as a representation of a type of object. Thus this might point to a physical text representing an abstract text, or (if an abstract image) might point to a physical object depicted in or represented by that image. For the more specific case of an image (drawing or picture) that represents a specific object, use the subproperty 'representsObject'. Also, the physical marks on a piece of paper that spell out words in some language would be a physical representation of the abstract words, and those marks would also be a physical representation of the AbstractString that is in turn an abstract representation of the abstract words. Thus a physical representation such as the letters 'cat' you are looking at now can represent both an abstract representation (e.g. the AbstractString 'cat', which has many such physical representations), or the more abstract notion of a cat, or of some actual physical cat. Representations can take several levels, and for accurate reasoning it is necessary to keep them distinct. This is closest to verb sense 2 of 'represent' in WordNet: 2. (30) typify, symbolize, symbolise, stand for, represent - (express indirectly by an image, form, or model; be a symbol; 'What does the Statue of Liberty symbolize?') """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SymbolicObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasRepresentation ; owl:inverseOf :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf . :hasPhysiologicalFeature a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasPhysiologicalFeature relates an Organism to some observalbe external Feature possessed by the Organism. A Feature is an Object, but not necessarily a PhysicalObject, it could be a dimple or wrinkle on the face.""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysiologicalFeatureOfSurface :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasFeature . :hasPlaceOfOrigin :en "has place of origin" ; :ldoce "origin" ; :wnsense "origin1n", "source1n" ; :wordnet "origin", "source" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasPlaceOfOrigin' relates something - an Object, a practice, a language, to the place where it was **created** (or for types of living things, where it evolved) (this is not an ancestral home for people). The 'PlaceOfOrigin' can be a Place where some object such as a device was created or assembled. This relation can also be used for the 'country of origin' used in manufacturing labels, or for describing where a person was born, or where some product such as wine was produced. This can also be used to point to the location where some mineral was extracted from the ground, or some ancient artifact or fossil was found. This can also be used to describe where some people - tribe or larger group - first developed their distinctive culture or language. For some objects, the origin pointed to by this relation will also be a 'source', as in a mine which is both a Source of a mineral and the origin of certain pieces of that mineral. One difference between this relation and 'isaSourceOf' is that the latter relation points to types or substances, whereas this relation is intended to be used for instances of things; 'isaSourceof' relates types of thing to places where one may get that type of thing, and 'hasPlaceOfOrigin' relates individual objects (physical or abstract) to the places where they were created or originally evolved (for organism species). This relation might usefully be supplemented by more specific subproperties. Linguistic usage that asserts that some place is the 'origin' of a thing are translated into assertions using this relation. The 'origin' pointed to by this relation will be a Role corresponding to sense 1 of 'origin' and sense 1 of 'source' in WordNet: 1. (11) beginning, origin, root, rootage, source - (the place where something begins, where it springs into being; 'the Italian beginning of the Renaissance'; 'Jupiter was the origin of the radiation'; 'Pittsburgh is the source of the Ohio River'; 'communism's Russian root') """ ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; owl:inverseOf :isThePlaceOfOriginOf . :hasPluralForm a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasPluralForm' relates a COSMO entry to an English noun or word combination that is the closest lexicalized representation of the meaning;this should be used only if there is also a singular form represented..""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasPoliticalAffiliation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ hasPoliticalAffiliation relates a Person to some PoliticalOrganization. The affiliation need not be formal membership, but should be some kind of support, financial, voting, or activity. """ ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :PoliticalOrganization . :hasPopulation a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasPopulation'' relates a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' or its area, to an integer enumerating the number of people who are residents of the area (not necessarily formally registered). If the time of validity for this relation is not clear from the context, the ObjectProperty ''hasPopulationAtTime'' can be used. NOTE: In SUMO a similar function is called 'PopulationFn'' with as a function on 'GeopoliticalRegion'. SUMO: (PopulationFn ?AREA) denotes the Integer that represents the count of the number of people inhabiting the ''GeopoliticalRegion'' ?AREA. The total population presents one overall measure of the potential impact of the country on the world and within its region. NOTE: that countries have four aspects: (1) the country itself, the GeopoliticalEntity (2) the government of the country (3) the spatial region controlled by the counry (''GeopoliticalRegion'') (4) the physical objects within the spatial region controlled by the country. (4.1) among the physical objects are those that are part of the land, including the vegetation, and those that are animals or artifactual structures. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :GeopoliticalRegion :GeopoliticalEntity ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger . :hasPopulationAtTime a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ relates a ''GeopoliticalEntity'' or its area to the resident population of people at a particular time. If the time need not be specified, or is implied, the DatatypeProperty ''hasPopulation'' can be used for the same purpose. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :GeopoliticalRegion :GeopoliticalEntity ) ] ; rdfs:range :ResidentsAtTime . :hasPositiveForm a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasPositiveForm points from a comparative or superlative adjective to the positive (base) form of that adjective.""" ; rdfs:domain :Adjective ; rdfs:range :PositiveAdjective ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasBaseForm . :hasPostalAbbreviation a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasPostalAbbreviation' points from some GeopolticalEntity usually a StateOrProvince) to a short lexical datatype string that is used by a Postal service as an abbreviation. """ ; rdfs:domain :GeopoliticalEntity ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasPostalAddress a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to the PostalAddress of a Person, Group, Organization, Building, or MailDrop. the PostalAdress can be named with a prefix 'ADDR_', in which case the remaining part of the name of the address should be parsable to create a usable postal address.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :Organization :Residence :Building ) ] ; rdfs:range :PostalAddress ; owl:inverseOf :isThePostalAddressOf . :hasPostalCode a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:comment """In SUMO, code is always a number. In COSMO, it is a String, because foreign codes may contain letters. NOTE that one address should have only one PostalCode but a PostalCode will code for many ''PostalAddress''es. (hasPostalCode ?ADDRESS ?NUMBER) means that the the postal code, e.g. zip code, ?NUMBER is part of the address ?ADDRESS.""" ; rdfs:domain :PostalAddress ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasPrecondition :wnsense "precondition3n" ; :wordnet "precondition" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasPrecondition' specifies that one EventType can only take place if another EventType (usually a PersistentState) takes place prior to the subject of this relation, or (if a PersistentState) is ongoing at the time subject Event begins. This differs from 'causing', as it could only be a passive enabling condition. This type is related to noun sense 3 of 'precondition' in WordNet, though as a relation the English word is not a direct representation: in WordNet: 3. precondition - (a condition that is a prerequisite) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaPreconditionOf . :hasPrecursor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'isaPrecursorOf'. 'hasPrecursor' points from some ChemicallyDefinedSubstance to another (object) substance that can be transformed, synthetically or biochemically, into the subject substance. A substance may have more than one precursor if there are multiple paths to synthesize it. """ ; owl:inverseOf :isaPrecursorOf . :hasPrecursorInReaction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The inverse of 'isaPrecursorInReaction'. " ; owl:inverseOf :isaPrecursorInReaction . :hasPrice :guid "c01dca6b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "price" ; :wnsense "price1n" ; :wordnet "price" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasPrice is the simplest form of 'price' relation, which makes no direct provision for variation of price with vendor, quantity, or discounts, or time. Using this relation merely means that at some time, somewhere, the object (or object type) had the asserted price. One may specify the vendor, time, and quantity for a price by using an instance of 'PricePerUnit' as the value of this relation. An alternative way to include the quantity in a price relation and stay within the binary relation restriction of OWL is to create a type of 'Product' that is a specific quantity of some substance. For example, one can create a class of objects that is 'OnePoundOfWheaties', and use the 'hasPrice' relation to specify the cost of that type of Product. Using an instance of 'PricePerUnit' is preferred. Multiple arity relations, as in Cyc, might be better, when the application allows it. In Cyc the price relation is more detailed, as a TernaryPredicate: Cyc: ('priceChargedFor'): (#$priceChargedFor PLACE PRODUCT-TYPE MONEY-RATE) means that MONEY-RATE is the price at which PRODUCT-TYPE is sold in PLACE. The object of this relation corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'price' in Wordnet: 1. (580) price, terms, damage - (the amount of money needed to purchase something; 'the price of gasoline'; 'he got his new car on excellent terms'; 'how much is the damage?') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :ProductType :PhysicalObject :ValuableThing :Product :Right ) ] ; rdfs:range :MoneyMeasure . :hasPriceValue a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasPriceValue' specifies the quantity of money in some currency that is the PricePerUnit.""" ; rdfs:domain :PricePerUnit ; rdfs:range :MoneyMeasure . :hasPrimaryKeyColumn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasPrimaryKeyColumns relates a DatabaseTable to the names of the columns that are the primary key in the table. The primary key may consist of more than one column.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTable ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasListElement ; owl:inverseOf :isaPrimaryKeyInDB . :hasPriority :en "has the priority" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasPriority' is a specialized relation for ''Task''s or ''Goal''s, indicating what is the the relative priority (importance) of that Goal for the agent who has that Goal. A Priority value can be explicitly an OrdinalNumber (First, Second), or may be undetermined ('Unranked') or vague ('HighRank', 'LowRank') or a subtype of ''PriorityLevel'' ('LowPriority'', ''MediumPriority'' and ''HighPriority''), or ''Urgent''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Task :Goal ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrdinalNumber :ProrityType ) ] . :hasProbability a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasProbability' relates a Situation to the Probability that that Situation is, was, or will occur; or an Assertion to the Probability that it will be true. The Situation can be present, past, or future. These valus are quantitative or semiquantitative (VerbalProbability); for ''Credibility'' attributes see the subtypes of ''Credibility'' Allowing Situations as the subject is a short form of allowing an Assertion that asserts that the situation is, was, or will be true. If this usage proves difficult to handle logicaly, this relation may be best redefined to have only Assertions as subject arguments. For verbal assertions about probability, one may use a subtype of 'VerbalProbability', each of which represents a range of dimensionless numbers in the range of 0 to 1.0. THe range of this relation includes 'MeasureType' so that classes representing ranges (that may have subranges) can be used as values of probability. Each subclass of 'VerbalProbability' must be an instance of 'MeasureType' so that the class name can be used. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationProcessEventOrState :Assertion :QuantitativeTendency :LinguisticAssertion ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Probability :ProbabilityType :MeasureType :VerbalProbability ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasPronunciation :wnsense "pronunciation1n" ; :wordnet "pronunciation" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This relation relates something pronounceable (a word, letter, speech, or other articulated sound) to a computer file that encodes the pronunciation. Includes sense 1 of 'pronunciation' in WordNet: 1. pronunciation - (the manner in which someone utters a word; 'they are always correcting my pronunciation') """ ; rdfs:range :ComputerAudioFile . :hasProperPart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasProperPart' is added to clearly distinguish the 'part' relation that could include the whole, useful for some logical and philosophical properties of the 'part' relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialThing :Object :GenericAgent :Group :Event :PhysicalSubstance :FunctionalProcess :Region :Place :SubstanceType :EventType :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaProperPartOf . :hasProtonCount :en "has atomic number", "has proton count" ; a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasProtonCount relates a chemical element or an atom of that element to the number of protons in each atomic nucleus of that element. This is very specifically a chemistry/physics concept. NOTE that the domain is ElementType because elements are represented as types (classes), not instances. This representation permits element isotopes to be subtypes of each element. For perspicuity (to some) one may also use the subproperty of the same meaning: 'hasAtomicNumber' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Atom :ElementType ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger . :hasProximateEntity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; rdfs:domain :Proximity . :hasPublished a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasPublished' relates a Publisher to some PublishedMaterial that was published by the Publisher. """ ; rdfs:domain :Publisher ; rdfs:range :PublishedMaterial ; owl:inverseOf :wasPublishedBy . :hasPurpose :en "for", "in order that", "in order to", "is done in order to", "is done so as to", "so as to", "so that" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasPurpose'' is a slightly narrower subproperty of ''hasIntendedResultOrProduct'' relating a ''PurposefulAction'' to a Purpose (a Goal,a MentalObject) or a PersistentState which is the intended outcome of that ''Action''. NOTE: ******** Related elements in the ontology are: ****** ''Goal'', ''Purpose'', ''DesiredFutureSituation'', ''GoalSituation'' , ''desires'', ''Intention''. Whether one uses: hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasPurpose hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires wasMotivatedBy -inv- convincedAgentToAction See also conjunction ''soThat' Depends on whether one wants to represent the Intentions of an Agent, an Agent's goal for a specific action, or just the state desired or just an object desired. A related relation is ''isaMethodTo'' which relates an **asserted** method to a goal that that method can accomplish. That relates abstract objects to each other. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PurposefulAction :SpecificationType :Specification ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Goal :GoalType :PersistentState :Event :EventType :Benefit ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasIntendedResultOrProduct ; owl:inverseOf :isaPurposeOf . :hasPurposeOfObtaining :en "is done to obtain" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasPurposeOfObtaining'' is a more specific relation than ''hasPurpose'' which includes part of the meaning of the object of that more general relation, where the ''Purpose'' is to obtain something that is an Object (including ''MentalObject''s like rights) or a SubstanceType. NOTE: ******** Related elements in the ontology are: ****** ''Goal'', ''Purpose'', ''DesiredFutureSituation'', ''GoalSituation'' , ''desires'', ''Intention''. Whether one uses: hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasPurpose hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires . . . . Depends on whether one wants to represent the Intentions of an Agent, an Agent's goal for a specific action, or just the state desired or just an object desired. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :ObjectType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasIntendedResultOrProduct . :hasQualitativeAttribute :en "is" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasQualitativeAttribute relates individual Objects or substances to some qualitative attribute (a subclass of QualitativeAttributeValue). NOTE that this relation is often expressed by using 'is'. NOTE: a property \"is\" can be created as a subproperty of this whenever the occasion can use a simplified English language alignment. Because 'is' is so ambiguous it is not used here as a default. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :GenericSubstance :Object :GeometricFigure :Pattern :Event :Group :ObjectType :EventType :AgentType :SubstanceType :GroupType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasQuantifier a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasQuantifier relates a QuantitativeAttributeValue or a ''QuantityOfSomething'' to the quantifier that indicates how many units large the value is.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QuantitativeAttributeValue :Attribute :QuantityOfSomething ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quantifier :QuantifierType ) ] . :hasQuantifierMaximum a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasQuantifierMaximum relates a QuantitativeAttributeValue to the quantifier that indicates the *maximum number* of units that the measure may attain for the instance specified. This means that any measure less than the quantifier specified may satisfy the restriction (unless a 'hasQuantifierMinimum' is also specified) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QuantitativeAttributeValue :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quantifier :QuantifierType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasQuantifier . :hasQuantifierMinimum :en "at least", "more than" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasQuantifierMinimum relates a QuantitativeAttributeValue to the quantifier that indicates the *Minimum number* of units that the measure may attain for the instance specified. This means that any measure more than the quantifier specified may satisfy the restriction (unless a 'hasQuantifierMaximum' is also specified) See ''LargeAmountOfMoney'' for an example of usage. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QuantitativeAttributeValue :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quantifier :QuantifierType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasQuantifier . :hasQuantitativeMeasure :en "is measured by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasQuantitativeMeasure can be used to relate: (1) ''QualitativeAttributeValues'' that are used to express yes/no for the presence of particular attribute Values to some quantitative measure (e.g. a subtype of ''PhysicalAttribute'') that quantitfies the attribute when it is present. The first use of this is to relate ''ElectricallyCharged'' (a QualitativeAttributeValue that objects may not have) to ''ElectricalCharge'' - a quantitative measure of how much charge is present on an object or in some area; or (2) ''TimeInterval''s that have a definite time duration (e.g. ''Hour'') to the measure of time occupied by each instance of that subtype of ''TimeInterval''. (3) perhaps other uses?? NOTE that TimeInterval uses this relation with 'allValuesFrom' so that interval types with indefinite durations are not required to be specified. If used with other types, be careful of contradiction. Alternative for TimeDurations is to use 'hasDuration'., which can also be used for Events. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :TimeInterval :TemporalLocationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeTypeType :ConstantQuantity ) ] . :hasQuantityUnit a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasQuantityUnit' specifies the quantity of a Product for which a particular price applies. That quantity can be a number of units, or a number of pounds, cubic feet, gallons, etc. The UnitOfMeasure 'elements' can be used with a CardinalityValue to specify that the price is for a certain number of units (whether or not in a package); an integer in the quantifier must be interpreted as meaning that the price is for all of those units, not per unit. If a 'greater than' quantifier is used on the quantifier, the price is interpreted as meaning that the price is *per unit* in quantities of that number or greater. The implementation that can interpret 'greater than' quantitfiers will also be responsible for the correct interpretation of this kind of price measure.""" ; rdfs:domain :PricePerUnit ; rdfs:range :QuantitativeAttributeValue . :hasRank a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ replace ''filledTheSubjectRoleIn''?? used once """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Rank :RankType ) ] . :hasReasonforLimit a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasReasonforLimit' relates a Limit to the specific cause (e.g. a Rule, a 'LawOfNature', an Agent, a theory), that estabished why the limit exists. A 'Limit' may be associated with a 'Limitation', and this relation can point to that Limitation, or to some Rule that creates the LImit (and the Limitation). """ ; rdfs:domain :Limit . :hasReciprocalEvent a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasReciprocalEvent'' is used for Event types that can be viewed from two sides, as in a transaction. Examples are 'Borrowing' and 'Lending'. This relation points from one to the other, as a necessary entailment from the opposite point of view. In effect ''hasReciprocalEvent'' relates one EventType to another EventType that occurs in close temporal proximity, often simultaneously with the first Event, and which represents an alternative view of the Event, from the perspective of another participant. The classical converse correlates are 'buying' and 'selling', which take place simultaneously in either a 'buying' or 'selling' event. Either type of Event entails the other. More generally, a 'giving' event entails a 'receiving' event, but for some things 'given' (information, praise) the giver does not necessarily lose anything, so that is qualitatively different. In a contest, each 'winning' also entails a 'losing' by some other party. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] . :hasRecurrenceInterval a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasRecurrenceInterval' relates a Frequency to the TimeInterval between recurrences (for discrete recurring events) or peaks (for oscillating Attributes or quantities), or payment events (for PeriodicPayments).. NOTE that a ''RecurringTimeInterval'' can also have a 'RecurrenceInterval', (e.g.part of the day) but one would imagine that the recurrence interval would be shorter than the recurrence interval, otherwise the recurring intervals would overlap. But perhaps they can overlap?? This would in any case need FOL to do the consistency check. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Frequency :InstallmentPayment :RecurringTimeInterval ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :TimeDuration :TimeMeasure :TimeIntervalType ) ] . :hasReferenceLocation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasReferenceLocation' relates a RelativeLocation to the reference location to which the RelativeLocation is relative.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType :Object :ObjectType :Region :SubstanceType ) ] . :hasReferenceTime a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasReferenceTime' relates a RelativeTime (or a 'DateOrTime') to the reference time (or TimeZone) to which the RelativeTime is relative. @ToDo: perhaps reference to a TimeZone should be a subproperty to avoid confusing usage?? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalLocation :TemporalLocationType :TimeIntervalType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalLocation :TimeZone :TemporalLocationType :TimeIntervalType ) ] . :hasRelation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasRelation' points to the relation (in OWL, the Property) which relates the arguments of a RelationInstance..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RelationInstance :HumanRelationship :Relation ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:ObjectProperty . :hasRelationDefault a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer from a Class (type) to an instance of 'RelationDefault', specifying that a particular relation on instance of a particular class by default (typically) takes a specific value. This is an OWL binary relation workaround for an inherently ternary relation.""" ; rdfs:domain owl:Class ; rdfs:range :RelationDefault . :hasRelative :en "is related to" ; :guid "bd58b1b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """points from one Mammal to another Mammal who is related by blood or (for huans) marriage. Any degree of relation is allowed, provided that the relation links can be specified. This should never be used to create vague links - everyone is related to everyone else, somehow, but only those relations that can be traced should be specified with this logical relation. In Cyc called 'relatives': Cyc distinguishes between any relation and 'coreRelatives'. The latter is represented as 'hasCloserelative' in COSMO. Cyc: (#$relatives ORGANISM1 ORGANISM2) means that ORGANISM2 is some relative of ORGANISM1, howsoever the relationship is traced, biologically or through custom, rearing or adoption. """ ; rdfs:domain :Mammal ; rdfs:range :Mammal ; owl:inverseOf :isaRelativeOf . :hasRemainingSupply a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasRemainingSupply relates an individual Asset to a measure of the amount of that Asset that remains in a usable form. This applies only to Assets that actually have some quantitative measure. Money is a prime example, but the measures can be varied - the quantity of gasoline in an automobile's gas tank, the time remaining to perform a project, the number of workers or soldiers available to perform a task, the battery life remaining in a battery, the number of calories remaining in a heat reservoir, etc.""" ; rdfs:domain :Asset ; rdfs:range :MeasurableQuantity . :hasRepeatedEntity :en "repeats" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasRepeatedEntity' is a specialized relation relating a 'RateUnit' or ''Cycle'' to whatever it is (usually a state or attribute or event) that repeats in each ''Cycle''; for ''RateUnit'' this specifies what it is that has a certain **repetition rate** for the specified interval of time. The repeated thing can be of any type, Object, Event, or other, so the 'rage' is unrestricted. Examples for ''RateUnit'' would be 'meters' in 'metersPerSecond', 'cycles' in 'cyclesPerSecond', 'workHoursPerWeek'. For ''Cycle'' the thing repeated can be a GenericLocation or LocationType, (as in a race with multiple laps around a closed-loop course) or a 'RoundtTrip'. or for electromagnetic waves, the direction and intensity of the field(electric or magnetic) that repeats, or for sound, the air pressure at some point (e.g. the eardrum or other audio receiver). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RateUnit :Cycle :PersistentState :CycleType ) ] . :hasRepresentation :en "is represented as", "is represented by" ; :ldoce "represent" ; :wnsense "represent1v", "represent2v" ; :wordnet "represent" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasRepresentation is the most general relation that points from some concept or thing - of any type - to another thing (abstract or physical) that represents it in some way. The representation that is pointed to may be abstract or physical. This relation will be used, if at all, less frequently than the more specific 'representation' relations (e.g. 'hasAbstractRepresentation and 'hasPhysicalRepresentation'), and may be useful primarily to collect those more specific relations in one location to make the representation relations easier to understand. The related relation 'hasURL' points to a datatype string that is the address of some file relevant to the subject entity. As a datatype relation, Corresponds aproximately to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'represent' in WordNet: 1. (39) represent, stand for, correspond - (take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to; 'Because of the sound changes in the course of history, an 'h' in Greek stands for an 's' in Latin') 2. (30) typify, symbolize, symbolise, stand for, represent - (express indirectly by an image, form, or model; be a symbol; 'What does the Statue of Liberty symbolize?') """ ; owl:inverseOf :isaRepresentationOf . :hasRequiredInput a owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasRequiredInput'' is somewhat similar to ''requiresResource'' but is intended to be more specific for 'inputs' to processes that change or modify or consume the 'input', whereas ''requiresResource'' """ ; owl:inverseOf :isaRequiredInputFor . :hasResidenceAddress a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasResidenceAddress points from a Person or Residence to the PostalAddress of that Person, or Residence. This must be a legitimate locator of either a building or an apartment, not a PO box number, or APO number.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :Residence ) ] ; rdfs:range :ResidencePostalAddress . :hasResponsibility :en "is responsible for" ; :ldoce "responsible" ; :wnsense "responsible2adj" ; :wordnet "responsible" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasResponsibility relates an IntelligentAgent to some Responsibility (which points to an Action or Type of Action that agent has performed, or has a Responsibility (duty, obligation) to perform). (see inverse ''isaResponsibilityOf'' for more discussion of praise and blame). The subject of this relation can be said to be 'responsible' in any of various ways for some Event, past or future. Corresponds most closely to adjective 2 sense of 'responsible' in WordNet, but is broader, including responsibility for future actions as well as being at fault for past UndesirableEvents or havinf credit for past desirable Actions.: 2. (1) responsible, responsible for - (being the agent or cause; determined who was the responsible party; termites were responsible for the damage) """ ; rdfs:domain :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Responsibility :ResponsibilitySituation :Event ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaResponsibilityOf . :hasResult :en "had the result of", "resulted in", "results in" ; :ldoce "result" ; :wnsense "result1n", "result3n" ; :wordnet "result" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasResult relates a ''PhysicalEvent'' or ''PhysicalProcess'' to something that resulted from that Event. The 'something' may be of any type, such as an Object, State, or Event. This is the most general 'result' or 'creation' relation. See also 'wasCreatedByEvent' and 'produced'. The result can be a combination mental and physical Event, such as making a statement (as in Answering). This relation in such cases overlaps with the relation 'mentalSituationWasCausedBy'. NOTE that the type ''Result'' is a Role that is played by *anything* of any type that can be said to be the result of an Event. But it is not necessary to coerce every resut of an action pointed to by the 'hasResult'' relation into an instance of that type. The type is there to allow discussion of 'results' when the situation calls for that to be explicit. The range is unrestricted. There may be many things resulting from a given Event (creation or destruction of something, initiation of a Process or another Event, a PersistentState, a change in attributes). It is useful also to state a restriction on Event types, specifying the kind of result that an Event may or must have. NOTE that the range of this relation is unrestricted: a 'result' can be an Event or a Difference, or an AttributeValue, and perhaps other things. This is a relation that is called 'result' in SUMO, and is one of the CaseRole relations in that ontology. The object of this relation will be a 'result' in either of noun senses 1 or 3 of WordNet: 1. (97) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot - (a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; 'the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise'; 'his decision had depressing consequences for business'; 'he acted very wise after the event') 3. (24) result, resultant, final result, outcome, termination - (something that results; 'he listened for the results on the radio') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :isTheResultOf . :hasReturnValue a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasReturnValue' points to the last argument in the argument list - in RDF, it is the object; when a relation is a simple function, this argument will be the return value of the function. For example, in the relation instance: (hasColor Car23 RedColor) . . . the entity 'RedColor' is the value of the RelationInstance. Simple Functions are functional relations that are functional in the last argument; a Function is a special kind of relation that can be used to create a 'function term' - a term that is in the form of a RelationInstance. Thus we may have a function called 'TheMotherOf' and it could be used to create a term of the form: (TheMotherOf PrinceWilliam). That term could be used to represent the person who is the mother of PrinceWilliam. Formally, in the version of COSMO that will be in a CL-compliant form, such functions are relations that have one more argument (i.e. the value) than appears in the function term. In the above case, the value of the term could be specified by an assertion in the form: (TheMotherOf PrinceWilliam PrincessDiana). If the formalism permits, the same meaning could be asserted by an assertion of the form: (equals (TheMotherOf PrinceWilliam) PrincessDiana). The two would be equivalent. The ability to properly interpret functions will depend on the CL implementation.""" ; rdfs:domain :RelationInstance ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTopic . :hasRight a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasRight relates an Agent to some Right that the Agent has (for some interval of time) """ ; rdfs:domain :GenericAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Right :RightType ) ] . :hasRoleFiller a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from an instance of Role or a RoleType to the Object or ObjectType that fills that Role. Each instance of Role will always have a start and end point, though they may not be known. NOTE that this should be used at times when some Object or substance(or type) is actually filling a Role; to specify what Objects or Substances **can** fill a Role, use 'roleMayBeFilledBy'. See also ''isServingInTheRoleOf'' that can point to things mimicked by an Object, when the thing pointed to is *not* formally a ''Role''. NOTE that this relation and its inverse can be used for individuals or types; in the latter case, it means that every Role of a particular type has a role filler of a particular type - but if this is expressed directly as a relation rather than a restriction, it merely serves as an instruction to the reasoner not to instantiate the filler. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :roleMayBeFilledBy ; owl:inverseOf :fillsTheRoleOf . :hasRoleList :guid "c00be5ab-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a Type of Event to a list of roles of participants that *must* participate in each instance of that EventType. Each element in that list of Roles will be a subtype of CaseRole. Similar to Cyc: Cyc: (#$canonicalRolesList EVENTTYPE LIST) means that in normal instances of EVENTTYPE, it is usual to find the roles listed in LIST filled by actors suiting the argument constraints of the roles..""" ; rdfs:domain :EventType ; rdfs:range :RoleList . :hasRolePlayer a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Inverse of 'playsTheRoleOf' - points to an Object or ObjectType that is playing some 'PretendingRole'. Usually meaningful only during some specific time interval. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PretendingRole :PretendingRoleType :Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :playsTheRoleOf . :hasRowName a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasColumn relates a DatabaseTable to one of the unique names of the rows (records) in the database. The row will be named by the process of concatenating DB prefix, table name, and value of the primary key(s), much as we name the column, but there may be more than one primary key, and each value will be added to the row (record) name in the order in which it appears in the list of key columns. Thus for a single-key table 'Person' in DB 'ALL' with primary key 'EID', and one of the primary keys having value '1234' that row will be named 'ALL__PERSON__EID__1234'. We are representing a DatabaseTable as a list of lists, but the lists within the main list are the rows (records), not the columns.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTable ; rdfs:range :DatabaseRecord ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasListElement ; owl:inverseOf :isaRowInDBTable . :hasSacredObject :en "believes" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ """ ; owl:inverseOf :isSacredTo . :hasSalientAttributeType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasSalientAttributeType'' relates something of any type to an attribute type that would be a salient component of that concept.""" ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeTypeType :AttributeValueType ) ] . :hasSalientFractionalPart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasSalientFractionalPart'' is a specialized relation for use with''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' to specify the substance or ObjectType that is of primary concern in a ''Purifying' or 'concentrating' Action. The actual 'fraction' is pointed to by ''hasFractionMeasure''. """ ; rdfs:domain :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :PhysicalObject :ObjectType ) ] . :hasSalientSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasSalientSubstance'' is used to describe a substance that contain within it some component that is not the main component by weught (as for ''hasMainComonenSubstance''), but which impart to the containing substance some significant and salient property(s). For the case when a Substance has some significant properties that characterize a mixture, but may not necessarily be a significant fraction of the weight (as with some drug preparations), the relation 'hasMainActiveIngredient' should be used. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentSubstance ; owl:inverseOf :isaSalientSubstanceOf . :hasSecondArgument a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasSubject points to the second argument of a relation with arity three or higher, but never to the value (the last argument). For example, the RelationInstance: (hasSum 2 3 5)) . . . specifies that the sum of 2 and 3 is 5. For this instance the following assertion would be true: (hasSecondArgument (quote (hasSum 2 3 5)) 3) . . . that is, the second argument of that relation instance is the number 3. """ ; rdfs:domain :RelationInstance ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTopic . :hasSecondElement a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasSecondElement is a specialization of the relation 'hasComponentElement' applying to OrderedGroups, specifying the Second component element of an OrderedGroup.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrderedGroup :List ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentElement ; owl:inverseOf :isTheSecondElementOf . :hasSecondaryKeyColumn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasSecondaryKeyColumns relates a DatabaseTable to the names of the columns that are the Secondary key in the table. The Secondary key may consist of more than one column.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTable ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasListElement ; owl:inverseOf :isaSecondaryKeyInDB . :hasSecurityID16 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """the relation 'hasSecurityID16' is a subproperty of 'hasUniqueIdentifierString16' whose range is restricted to 'UniqueIdentifier16' strings that identify a security information record.""" ; rdfs:range :UniqueIdentifier16 ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasUniqueIdentifierString16 . :hasSequentialOrder :en "has sequential order" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasSequentialOrder'' relates any kind of thing that can occur in an ordered sequence (almost anything) to the location in that sequence, """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrdinalNumber :ObjectType ) ] . :hasShape a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasShape' relates abstract figures, substances, substance types, or individual objects to one or more shapes (subtypes of 'ShapeAttribute' that describe the spatial form of that entity. When applied to substances, the shape description (e.g. 'lumpy') will be interpreted as a description of objects (quantities of substance) that are composed predominantly of that substance. For abstract geometric figures, the shape may be precise, with infinitely precise edges. For real-world objects, the shape will be only approximate, and in some cases very approximate.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :PhysicalObject :ObjectType :GeometricFigure :RegionType :Region :Phenomenon ) ] ; rdfs:range :ShapeType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasApproximateShape ; owl:inverseOf :isTheShapeOfa . :hasSingularForm a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasPluralForm' relates a COSMO entry to an English noun or word combination that is the closest lexicalized representation of the meaning. Other forms such as plurals and infinitives and past tenses are represented by other AnnotationProperty's. This is used only occasionally.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasSituation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSituation' is a specialized property that relates some Entity with a 'Tendency' to the circumstances under which that 'Tendency' will be manifested. The circumstances will usually be represented as a 'PersistentState' or 'InstantaneousEvent', but for generality is allowed to be any 'SituationProcessEventOrState'. """ ; rdfs:domain :Tendency ; rdfs:range :SituationProcessEventOrState . :hasSolubilityLimit a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSolubilityLimit' relates a PhysicalSubstance to one of the 'SolubilityValue's that it has; it may have many solubility values, in different solvents at different temperatures. See 'SolubilityValue' for the details of that AttributeValue. The 'ability' to dissolve in a solvent is a property of a substance, but may be further viewed as either a tendency or a capability. We do not make this relation a subproperty of the 'hasCapability', as that is reserved for more agent-like capabilities. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 2 of 'dissolve' in WordNet: 2. (12) dissolve - (pass into a solution; 'The sugar quickly dissolved in the coffee') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SolubilityValue ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasSolubleSubstance :wnsense "dissolve1v" ; :wordnet "dissolve" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSolubleSubstance' is a specialized relation relating a PhysicalSubstance to some other PhysicalSubstance that it can dissolve (to some degree). This relation is used as part of the type 'AbilityToDissolveSubstance' to express the notion that certain substances can dissolve other substances. The quantitative degree to which a substance may be dissolved by some solvent can be recorded as a property of the solvent, using the relation 'hasSolubilityLimit' with an instance of 'SolubilityValue'as the object. @ToDo: this relation is highly specialized, and may be a subrelation of some more general relation: perhaps: 'canActOn' (Object/substance)? for capabilities No WordNet synset has this exact meaning; theclosest sense is sense 1 of 'dissolve', but that appears to refer mostly to people who dissolve thuings in the course of some Action. We reference WN sense 1 here: in WordNet: 1. (17) dissolve, resolve, break up - (cause to go into a solution; 'The recipe says that we should dissolve a cup of sugar in two cups of water') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbilityToDissolveSubstance :DissolvingaSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType . :hasSolute :ldoce "contain" ; :wnsense "contain1v" ; :wordnet "contain" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSolute' is used to specify that some Solution necessarily contains some specific substance dissolved in it. This relation might be made specific for 'Solution', but some Solution's may not be explicity represented as such. @ToDo: consider whether it should be required that all solutions be represented as 'Solution's? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentSubstance . :hasSon a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hasParent' - relates a person to one of that person's male children. This includes all kinds of children - biological, foster, adoptive, etc..""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :MalePerson ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasChild ; owl:inverseOf :hasParent . :hasSource a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'isaSourceOf'." ; owl:inverseOf :isaSourceOf . :hasSpatialPart a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSpatialPart' is the inverse of 'isaSpatialPartOf', and relates spatial things (regions or physical objects) to smaller objects or regions that are part of the larger object or region. It is transitive.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaSpatialPartOf . :hasSpatialPartType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSpatialPartType' is a relation on LocationTypes that allows a generic 'part' assertion between LocationTypes and other LocationTypes. """ ; rdfs:domain :LocationType ; rdfs:range :LocationType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart . :hasSpatialRegion a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasSpatialRegion specifies the spatial component of a TimeAndPlace or a ''Place''. (of zero to three dimensions) which is extended in time to generate a TimeAndPlace.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeAndPlace :Place ) ] ; rdfs:range :GenericLocation . :hasSpouse :en "has spouse", "is married to", "is the spouse of" ; :guid "bd58d591-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :wnsense "spouse1n" ; :wordnet "spouse" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """has a husband or wife; there may be more than one, and the sex does not have to be opposite (same-sex marriages are included). The values are usually from HumanAdult, but in some cultures a marriage can be formalized before a person is an adult, and this relation will include such situations. Cyc: (#$spouse PERSON1 PERSON2) means the two #$Persons PERSON1 and PERSON2 are married. Note: in some contexts (cultures), a person is not restricted to having only one cotemporal spouse. Is labeled linguistically by a phrase including noun sense 1 of 'spouse' in WordNet (e.g. 'has as spouse', 'is the spouse of'): in Wordnet: 1. (3) spouse, partner, married person, mate, better half - (a person's partner in marriage) WN Is also labeled by use of a phrase including adjective sense 1 of 'married' WN in WordNet (is married to'): 1. (17) married - (joined in matrimony; 'a married man'; 'a married couple') """ ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :Person ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaRelativeOf . :hasStartingEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The inverse of 'starts'." ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :EventType :TimeIntervalType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :EventType :TimeIntervalType ) ] . :hasStartingPlace :guid "c00cab61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasStartingPlace' relates a GeneralizedTransfer to the 'Place' from which the transferred thing originates. The companion relation 'hasEndingPlace' specifies the 'place' to which it is transferred. Since 'GeneralizedTransfer' is a broad type including transfers of abstract thing (e.g. information) as well as PhysicalObjects, the 'place' of origin or destination can be abstract as well. More specialized relations can be more specific as to the kind of 'place' for origin and destination of a GeneralizedTransfer. NOTE that even an OrientationMeasure can be an absgtract 'place' from which or to which something is transferred. This corresponds to Cyc relation 'from-Generic': Cyc: (#$from-Generic GEN-TRANS THING) means that the #$GeneralizedTransfer GEN-TRANS has an origin or starting point THING. Because #$GeneralizedTransfer covers many kinds of transfer, both physical and abstract, this starting point can be of many types. In a #$Translocation it is a #$PartiallyTangible location (see #$fromLocation), while in #$TransferringPossession it is an #$Agent (see #$fromPossessor). #$from-Generic encompasses all kinds of starting points; as a rule, it is better to use more the specific predicates when possible. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeneralizedTransfer :TransferOut ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :GenericAgent :Object :OrientationMeasure :Event :ObjectType :LocationType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheStartingPlaceOf . :hasStartingTimePoint :en "begins", "begins at" ; :ldoce "begin" ; :wnsense "begin2v", "begin6v" ; :wordnet "begin" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of the 'starts' relation which points from a TemporalThing (e.g., TimeInterval or Event or Something playing a Role) to the TimePoint at which that TemporalThing started. When, linguistically, a TimeInterval is specified as the starting time, by convention the middle point of that interval will be the time point, but some uncertaintly needs to be built in to this measure. @ToDo: perhaps a TimeInterval can be included in the domain rather than only a TimePoint. Needs further consideration. Corresponds to verb sense 6 and the temporal part of verb sense 2 of 'begin' in WordNet: 2. (58) begin, start - (have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense; 'The DMZ begins right over the hill'; 'The second movement begins after the Allegro'; 'Prices for these homes start at $250,000') 6. begin - (have a beginning, of a temporal event; 'WW II began in 1939 when Hitler marched into Poland'; 'The company's Asia tour begins next month') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimedClassType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :TimeIntervalType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheStartingTimeOf . :hasStateAfterChange a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasStateAfterChange' is a specialized relation that relates an instance of 'ChangingDeviceState' to some instance of 'QualitativeAttributeType' that decribes the state of the affected object *After* the change occurred. For Devices, the 'QualitativeAttributeType' may be asubtype of 'DeviceState'. """ ; rdfs:domain :ChangingDeviceState ; rdfs:range :QualitativeAttributeType . :hasStateBeforeChange a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasStateBeforeChange' is a specialized relation that relates an instance of 'ChangingDeviceState' to some instance of 'QualitativeAttributeType' that decribes the state of the affected object before the change occurred. For Devices, the 'QualitativeAttributeType' may be a subtype of 'DeviceState'. """ ; rdfs:domain :ChangingDeviceState ; rdfs:range :QualitativeAttributeType . :hasStringDatatype a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasStringDatatype points from a string represented as an instance of an AbstractString in this ontology to a built-in datatype in the implementing system. This is a crude way of working around the limitations of built-in datatypes, which typically cannot be subclassed.""" ; rdfs:domain :AbstractString ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasStringDescription a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasStringDescription relates an entity to a description in the form of a datatype string. This serves much the same purpose as the 'owl:comment' property in OWL, but is in a declarative form that allows it to be applied to any element..""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasStringLength a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasStringLength relates an AbstractString to the length of that string, as an integer number of characters.""" ; rdfs:domain :AbstractString ; rdfs:range xsd:int . :hasStringRepresentation a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasStringRepresentation relates an entity to a String representation using the internal String datatype of the implementing system. """ ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasSubEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasSubEvent relates one Event to another, smaller Event included in the first. The 'smaller' event might be performed only during a part of the 'whole Event', or may continue as a concurrent event during the 'whole Event'. This is a 'part' relation specific for Events. The included Event may only represent some of the fluents represented in the whole event, or may represent all of the fluents in some time interval shorter than the time interval of the whole event. In the latter case, the relation 'hasEventTemporalPart' could also be used. This relation can be used to relate individual Events, or can be used to specify that some Type of Event must have another Type of Event as a component.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaSubEventOf . :hasSubOrganization a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSubOrganization' is the inverse of 'isaSubOrganizationOf', and relates one Organization to another, smaller Organization which is a part of the larger Organization. The smaller Organization may be several levels down, as this relation is transitive.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaSubOrganizationOf . :hasSubgroup a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasSubgroup relates a Group to some other definable Group, all of whose component elements are also component elements of the larger Group. NOTE that the domain includes not only 'Group''s but ''Organization''s, allowing reference to Groups not formally Organized within Organizations. """ ; rdfs:domain :Group ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :GroupType :Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaSubgroupOf . :hasSubject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasSubject points to the subject of a RelationInstance, the first argument in RDF or a CL-compliant format. This can also be used to point to an ''Event'' that is the grammatical subject of a sentence and seem intitively inappropriate to reference as 'performsActon'. In the special form of a RelationInstance, the 'topic' specified in the relation 'hasTopic' will be any of the arguments, including the subject, of a RelationInstance (but not the relation name). Therefore this relation is a subproperty of 'hasTopic'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RelationInstance :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTopic . :hasSubjectOfComparison a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSubjectOfComparison' relates an instance of 'AttributeComparison' to the first ('subject') of two entities being compared . The entity can be of any type, and the range is not restricted.""" ; rdfs:domain :AttributeComparison . :hasSubjectOfState :en "is the subject of state" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSubjectOfState' points from some 'PersistentState' to the entity (of any type) that is 'in' that state. The Entity is not necessarily a location, so this is not a subproperty of 'occurredAt': for persistent states referencing the state of some location, both 'hasSubjectOfState' and 'occurredAt' will be required role fillers. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :PersistentState ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheSubjectOfState . :hasSubjectOfStudy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSubjectOfStudy' points from some Topic (such as a FieldOfStudy) or Action (more specifically, Actions that are taken to study or investigate something) or ActionType to one of the entities that are being studied, in any sense of that word: the subject can be an individual physical entity or a class of entities (objects or actions) being examined scientifically, or a topic that is being studied by reading or observation, or anything else that can be studied. This is used, for example, to assert that the field 'Chemistry' has as one thing in its domain of interest, Physical Substances. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :FieldOfStudy :TopicType :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :ObjectType :Event :EventType owl:Class ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :wasTheSubjectOfStudy . :hasSubstanceRatio a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSubstanceRatio' allows specifying that a PhysicalObject or substance has a certain ratio of substances. For example, one might specify that a fertilizer has a nitrogen/phosphorus ratio of 3:2, without specifying the absolute concentration of either element; or, that a blood sample has 10 mg of creatinine per gram of hemoglobin. The range of this relation is a special type used primarily for this relation; this serves in OWL to substitute for what could otherwise be a multiple-arity relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceRatio . :hasSubstring a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasSubstring relates an AbstractString to another AbstractString that is a part of the parent string. The whole string also has itself as substring (this is not a propet part) """ ; rdfs:domain :AbstractString ; rdfs:range :AbstractString ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isaSubstringOf . :hasSuperlativeAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute . :hasSupportingThing a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSupportingThing' is a specialized case relation (a subproperty of 'hasParticipant') relating Events in which some object or substance physically supports another object in a gravitational field, i.e. keeps it from descending. This can be used for things being supported by solid objects (see 'SupportingSomething'), or for objects floating in a liquid or gas (see 'FloatingEvent'). Closely related to ''isSupportedBy''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BeingSupported :SupportingSomething ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant ; owl:inverseOf :supportsThingInEvent . :hasSurfacePart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSurfacePart' is the inverse of ''isAtTheSurfaceOf'', and specifies that the Object pointed to is *part of* the surface of the Object that is the *subject* of the relation. The Object 'on' the surface can be mark or image or something permanently attached. This is for both Physical and Abstract objects,but is used mostly for physical objects. This is can describe the relation between a whole Object and the part that completely surrounds the whole object of which it is a part, such as a BirdsEgg and its shell, but can be used for any objects that always (or almost always) have a surface part(s) of a particular type. The inverse 'isAtTheSurfaceOf' should be a necessary relation, but 'hasSurfacePart' itself may have exceptions, in which case it would have to be interpreted as a default relation. In cases where the surface is removed, the remaining core should not be classified as the original object, but as a derivative, such as a 'peeled' orange, or a 'shelled' clam. For substances or objects on a surface that are added and not part of the Object, use ''hasSurfaceThing''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart ; owl:inverseOf :isAtTheSurfaceOf . :hasSurfaceThing a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSurfaceThing' is a subproperty of 'hasThingInOrOn' in which the substance pointed to is on the surface of the PhysicalObject that is the subject of the relation. The PhysicalObject can be a portion of liquid, as when an oil slick is on the surface of a BodyOfWater; in that case the 'surface' is the top surface. This relation implies that there is a quantity of some substance that is attached to an Object; but the attachment relation 'isPartOfOrAttachedTo' relates Objects, and this relation can be used to relate a substance to an Object without instantiating the 'object' composed of that substance. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :Region :Place ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :Region :Place :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAt ; owl:inverseOf :isOnTheSurfaceOf . :hasSymbol a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasSymbol' points from any ontology entity to some lexical symbol that may represent that entity in text. Any single character or lexical string in unicode may be the symbol.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasSymptom a owl:ObjectProperty . :hasSynonym a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasSynonym is used to point to AbstractStrings that can serve as a synonym for the base entity (type or instance), in some context. This relation points to an instance of Synonym, and that instance can specify the context in which it is a synonym for that word. Because a single word can be a synonym of multiple terms, the structure of the 'Synonym' entity includes not only the String expression of the synonymous term, but also the context in which it is a synonym. Among the contexts, databases and other knowledge models are included.""" ; rdfs:range :Synonym . :hasSynonymousTerm a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """points from an instance of Synonym to a string that is the term which is synonymous to the base concept. The term should represent the synonym in its natural form, whether capitalized, with spaces, apostrophes, etc.""" ; rdfs:domain :Synonym ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasTable a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasColumn relates a Database to one of the unique names of the DatabaseTables that are in the Database (See note above for generation of unique names for database table columns). A Database may have other component elements, such as constraints.""" ; rdfs:domain :Database ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTable ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentElement ; owl:inverseOf :isaTableInDB . :hasTarget a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :wasaTargetInAction . :hasTaste a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTaste relates substances, substance types, or individual objects to one or more tastes that are associated with that entity."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :TasteType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasTelnoType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTelnoType specifies the type of telephone identified by a TelephoneNumber. The type will be one of a small list, most commonly: residence, business, cell, or unlisted. The 'unlisted' type """ ; rdfs:domain :TelephoneNumber ; rdfs:range :TelnoType . :hasTemperature a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTemperature relates a PhysicalObject to its temperature. The temperatureMeasure must specify the units of temperature. Alternatively, one may use 'hasTemperatureInDegC', a DataypeProperty for which the value can be a float..""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :TemperatureMeasure . :hasTemperatureInDegC a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTemperatureInDegC specifies the temperature of a PhysicalObject in degrees Celsius. The value is a floating-point number.""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasTemporalLocation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTemporalLocation is a general relation that can be used to specify *when* events occurred or physical objects existed (as integral objects). This relation has as its domain the union of PhysicalObject and TemporalThing, and that union serves much the same purpose as the OpenCyc 'TemporalThing', which has been redefined for COSMO. The TemporalLocation will be a TimeInterval (in the universal timeline of our world or some alternative reality), which in COSMO may be a single TimePoint. For Events, the more specific relation 'occurredInTimeInterval' should be used. NOTE that to have a TemporalLocation does not mean to fill that temporal location - an Event may have a particular Year as a TemporalLocation, but may have occurred only on a particular day of that year. Thus we may also specify that some Process has a particular TemporalLocation, without being precise about when it started and when it ended. NOTE that this general relation can also point to an ''EventTrajectory'' (a SpatioTemporal location) if one wants to describe how something moved around in time as well as space. NOTE the distinction between TemporalThing and PhysicalObject, both of which *may* have a TemporalLocation. A TemporalThing *must* have a TemporalLocation, that is the essence of its definition. A PhysicalObject *may* have a TemporalLocation - the ontology may choose to specify when it existed, but does not have to. If an instance of PhysicalObject is also made an instance of TimeSlice, the TimeSlice should have beginning and end time points that fit within the TemporalLocation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :TemporalThing :PhysicalObject :RelationInstance :TimeSlice ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :TemporalLocation :GenericLocation :TimeInterval :TimeIntervalType ) ] . :hasTemporalPart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The temporal analogue of the spatial part predicate. (temporalPart ?POS1 ?POS2) means that TimePosition ?POS1 is part of TimePosition ?POS2. Note that since temporalPart is a ReflexiveRelation every TimePostion is a temporalPart of itself.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaTemporalPartOf . :hasTendency a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTendency relates individual Objects, ObjectTypes, substances or SubstanceTypes to some attributes indicating a Tendency (Disposition, proclivity) that that attribute has to behave in a certain way, especially over some period of time.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :TendencyType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasTheAttributeNominalForm a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasTheAttributeNominalForm' relates an instance of 'AttributeValueType' (i.e. an AttributeValue) to a word that is used in a different grammatical structure to express the same attribute; e.g. in English, to 'be charming' is to 'have charm'. The notions expressed are identical, but the linguistic expression can alternate. This alternation is expresse din COSMO by relating the AttributeValue 'Charming' to the word 'ENG_charm' by the relation 'hasTheAttributeNominalForm '. In using this relation, the lexical forms should be prefixed by their language codes, so that any language can be referenced using this relation. For the 'ldoce' and 'wordnet' relations, the language is assumed to be English. In English, many of the nominal forms of attributes pointed to by this relation will have the lexical ending 'ness'. """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasTheOdorOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasTheOdorOf'' relates an Object or Substance that has (emits) some odor to the ''Odor'' or ''OdorType'' that it emits. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Odor :OdorAttribute :OdorType ) ] . :hasTheOppositeEffectOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasTheOppositeEffectOf' specifies that one EventType is related to another Event or eventType in that the one tends to have a conceptually opposite effect from the other. An example would be inclusion and exclusion, This may be viewed as a 'action-opposite' relation for Events. The term 'owl:inverse' in COSMO is reserved for inverting the order of arguments in binary relations. NOTE that the relation 'isTheOppositeOf' is reserved for Attributes. See also related: 'reversedTheEffectOf' and 'reversesTheEffectOf'. NOTE that the domain includes instances, so that this relation can be inherited to subclasses in OWL. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] . :hasTheReverseEffectOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasTheReverseEffectOf'' specifies that one EventType tends to produce an effect that is in some qualitative or quantitative way the opposite of the effect of a contrasting EventType. ~~~~ This is a parent property of ''reversesTheEffectOf'' but this type of action is not restricted to reversing some prior contrasting Event - it can produce a change that can be reversed by the Event with contrasting Effect of the Type that the relation points to. There are some Event types that are specifically reversals - For example, a CleaningEvent is usually intended to reverse the effects of a ContaminationEvent See ''UndoingAction'' for the type of ''Action'' (by an Agent) that can cause a reversal. This can also be used for specific Events that reversed the effect of other Events - see 'Returning' for a use of this instance-level usage. NOTE that the domain includes instances, so that this relation can be inherited to subclasses in OWL. For specific instances of Event that reversed the effect of another instance of Event, use 'reversedTheEffectOf'. Includes verb sense 4 and part of verb sense 1 of 'reverse' and verb sense 1 of 'undo' in WordNet: 1. (8) change by reversal, turn, reverse - (change to the contrary; 'The trend was reversed'; 'the tides turned against him'; 'public opinion turned when it was revealed that the president had an affair with a White House intern') 4. revoke, annul, lift, countermand, reverse, repeal, overturn, rescind, vacate - (annul by recalling or rescinding; 'He revoked the ban on smoking'; 'lift an embargo'; 'vacate a death sentence') WN verb 'undo': 1. (3) undo - (cancel, annul, or reverse an action or its effect; 'I wish I could undo my actions') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] . :hasTheShapeOfa a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasTheShapeOfa' relates Objects to other Objects with a similar shape. This is an alternate way to express shapes, when 'hasShape' cannot be used because an appropriate 'ShapeType' has not been defined. In general, the object of this relation will be on that is common or familiar to users, while the subject may be less well recognized. This is not exactly a symmetrical relation, but the relation will be symmetrical in many cases - when things have the shape of other things, those other things usually also have the shape of the first things. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :SolidSubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :GeometricFigure ) ] . :hasTheVerbalForm a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasTheVerbalForm' relates an instance of 'EventType' (i.e. a type of Event) to a word that is used in a different grammatical structure to express the same attribute. Thus the Event 'motion' is expressed as the base verb 'move'. There may be more than one word expressing a concept, and a concept will map to different words in different languages. """ ; rdfs:domain :EventType ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasThingAcquired a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasThingAcqured'' is a specialized relation to point from an ''Aquiring''event to the thing acquired - Object, Attribute, PersistentState. This does not entail 'ownership' of the thing acquired, as it could be temporary or on loan or illegal. It can be temporary possession or permanent ownership. This is used to express the notion of 'getting' or 'acquiring' something, e.g. possession, attribute, disease, whatever. """ ; rdfs:domain :Development ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValue :AttributeValueType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :SubstanceType :PersistentState :EventType :Account :AccountType ) ] . :hasThingCopiedOrImitated a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasThingCopiedOrImitated'' is a relation pointing from some ''MakingaCopy (includes Simulating, Imitating,Mimicry) ) or ''Pretending'' (includes Acting, Feinting, Deceiving) to the ''Thing'' (not restricted) that is being copied or imitated in any sense. Using this relation can make such Actions more specific in meaning. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MakingaCopy :Pretending :ActionType ) ] . :hasThingDescribed a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasThingDescribed'' points from an instance of 'DescribingSomething'' to the thing that is being described (an Object or Event) by any of the means used in describing or depicting. """ ; rdfs:domain :DescribingSomething ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTopic . :hasThingInOrOn a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isLocatedAtOrOn . :hasThingKept :en "held", "kept" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hadObjectKept'' points from a ''Keeping'' to something (of any type) that was 'kept' in some sense - preserved in a state, held in an agent's own possession or control, or withheld, temporarily or permanently by some means. The 'object' kept is the *grammatical* *objects (*patient), which can be of any type (an object or a state). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Keeping :KeepingSomething :DitransitiveObjectPair :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected ; owl:inverseOf :wasKeptInEvent . :hasThingKnown a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasThingKnown'' points from an instance of 'KnowingSomething'' to the thing that is known, some form of ''Knowledge'' """ ; rdfs:domain :KnowingSomething ; rdfs:range :Knowledge ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTopic . :hasThingLost :ldoce "loss" ; :wnsense "loss2n" ; :wordnet "loss" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This relation relates a PersonalLoss Event to the thing that was lost. Corresponds in its object to sense 2 of 'loss' in WordNet: 2. (276) loss - (something that is lost; 'the car was a total loss'; 'loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt') """ ; rdfs:domain :LosingSomething ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :ValuableThing ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected ; owl:inverseOf :wasLostInEvent . :hasThingPassed :en "passed" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasThingPassed' relates a Motion event of ''PassingThroughOrBySomething'' the 'Place' or thing that is passed through, over, alongside or in front of. More specific types of 'passing' can be described more specifically with one of the subproperties of this property. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Path-Generic :PassingThroughOrBySomething :EventType :PathType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :LocationType ) ] . :hasThingPassedThrough :en "passed" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Relation ''hasThingPassedThrough'' is a subproperty of ''hasThingPassed'' specifying some object or location that was passed **through88, not just passed by or passed over. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PathThroughSolid :PassingThroughSomething :EventType :PathType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasThingPassed ; owl:inverseOf :isPassedThroughDuring . :hasThingProtected a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasThingProtected' relates an act of 'Protecting' or a ''ProtectiveSystem'' or a ''Protector'' to the thing ('object', 'substance' 'Event' or other) that is protected or intended to be protected, by the action. This is very broad, and can be used for instances of protecting against loss by insurance, defending a person against harm, protecting ons from weather or deterioration by properly storing them, protecting the encvironment by regulations or restrictions on use, or for saving money. The entity protected can be of any type, and the range is not restricted.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Protecting :ProtectiveSystem :Protector :ProtectiveObject ) ] . :hasThingRequested :en "has thing requested" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasThingRequested'' is a specialized relation pointing from a ''Request'' Action to the thing (usually an Action) requested. NOTE that a ''Request'' usually asks the agent addressed to perform some ''Action'' (perhaps giving permission), but the Action often is for the agent addressed to give the requester something. To avoid the complexity of having to specify the Action and then the thing given in the Action the range of this property includes Objects that can be requested to be given. If an Object/ObjectType is specified as the thing requested in an instance of ''Request'', the assumption will be that the Action requested was a 'giving' action, and the Object of the giving was the thing requested. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Request :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :Object :ObjectType ) ] . :hasThingShared a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasThingShared'' is a suProperty of ''hadThingAffected'' specically pointing from a ''Sharing'' Action (or subtype) to the Thing (of any type) or type of thing that is shared in that subtype of ''Sharing''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SharingaResource :Sharing ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadThingAffected . :hasThingSkipped :en "except for ", "excluding", "leaving out", "omitting", "other than" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasThingSkipped'' is a narrowly focused relation linking a ''SkippingOverSomething'' to the Thing (of any type) that was omitted in a series of things that were affected or acted on or performed. This relation is used to refer to something not affected by a series of actions, even though it is in the same group of things in which other things that are affected.. """ ; rdfs:domain :SkippingOverSomething ; rdfs:range owl:Thing . :hasThingSought :en "has object sought", "has thing sought", "is a search for" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasThingSought'' points from some form of ''Searching'' (including ''Investigation'' and ''Asking'') to the thing - (of any kind - information, answer, object) that the searching agent is looking for. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Searching :SearchingType ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMainTopic . :hasThirdElement a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasThirdElement is a specialization of the relation 'hasComponentElement' applying to OrderedGroups, specifying the Third component element of an OrderedGroup.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrderedGroup :List ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentElement ; owl:inverseOf :isTheThirdElementOf . :hasTimeInterval a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTimeInterval specifies the time component which extends the spatial component of a TimeAndPlace into the time dimension, to generate the TimeAndPlace which is the subject of this relation. The intent of this relation can be alternatively specified by filling in the values for the beginning and starting times inherited from 'TimeSlice', for the instance that is the subject of some relation.""" ; rdfs:domain :TimeAndPlace ; rdfs:range :TemporalLocation . :hasTopLeftLat a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTopLeftLat relates a GeographicMap to the Latitude coordinate that bounds the Map at the top left (Northwestern-most) point represented by the image.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRectangle :GeographicMap ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasTopLeftLong a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTopLeftLong relates a GeographicMap to the Longitude coordinate that bounds the Map at the top left (Northwestern-most) point represented by the image. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRectangle :GeographicMap ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasTopRightLat a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTopRightLat relates a GeographicMap to the Latitude coordinate that bounds the Map at the top right (Northeastern-most) point represented by the image.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRectangle :GeographicMap ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasTopRightLong a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTopRightLong relates a GeographicMap to the Longitude coordinate that bounds the Map at the top right (Northeastern-most) point represented by the image.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRectangle :GeographicMap ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasTopic :en "about", "covers", "deals with", "discusses", "is about", "is concerned with", "is on", "is upon", "treats" ; :ldoce "cover", "deal" ; :wnsense "cover5v", "deal1v", "treat4v" ; :wordnet "cover", "deal", "treat" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTopic relates a Document, Text, (or representation of either) or InformationTransferEvent, or ''Issue'' or Commemoration Event to one or more topics discussed in the Message or Event, or referred to as a Topic for discussion. This is a specialization of 'mentionsTopic', and the Topics related by this relation would be expected to be more in focus than the Topics related by the 'mentionsTopic' relation. There may be more than one topic, but there should be at least one. Peripheral or insignificant topics are less likely to be mentioned using this relation than when using the 'mentionsTopic' relation. The more specific domain here is 'Message' but the range - the topic - could be of any type at all. NOTE that any of the arguments of a RelationInstance (subject, value, other arguments) is a topic of that Assertion. See also ''refersToExternalEntity''for relation related to ''hasTopic'' @ToDo: These may need additional consideration and refinement when more exmples of usage are examined. Linguistically, this relation can be phrased as (Doc is about Topic). Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'deal' and sense 5 of 'cover' and sense 4 of 'treat' in WordNet (deal with): 1. (34) cover, treat, handle, plow, deal, address - (deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression; 'This book deals with incest'; 'The course covered all of Western Civilization'; 'The new book treats the history of China') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ExternalReferringThing :Communication :CommunicationType :MentalObject :MentalEvent :PhysicalObject :ObjectType :Proposition :PropositionType :Theory :Searching :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :mentionsTopic ; owl:inverseOf :isaTopicOf . :hasTruthContext a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'isTrueIn'." ; owl:inverseOf :isTrueIn . :hasTypicalCircumferenceInCentimeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTypicalCircumferenceInCentimeters relates a RoundObject to its approximate ''Circumference'', measured in centimeters; this should be construed as a 'typical' default relation. The measures should be assumed to be approximate (plus or minus 50%, as a standard deviation), since this relation has no other provision for specifying error ranges. This can be used for approimately planar physical objects (discoid or near-discoid) or for near-spheres such as balls or panets. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTypicalDiameterInCentimeters relates a RoundObject to its approximate diameter, measured in centimeters; this should be construed as a 'typical' default relation. The measures should be assumed to be approximate (plus or minus 100%, as a standard deviation), since this relation has no other provision for specifying error ranges. This can also be used to relate a discoid or near-discoid object to its typical width. For maximum and minimum diameters, use 'hasMaximumDiameterInCentimeters' or 'hasMinimumDiameterInCentimeters' """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasTypicalHabitat a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasTypicalHabitat relates some OrganismType to some type of region or environment in which the naturally free-living organisms of that Type are usually found. This can be used to refer to a GeographicalArea where the organism originated, though in modern times it may have become more widespread. To be more specific, a subProperty should be created: 'hasOriginalHabitat' used for types of Organisms. @ToDo. The object can include organisms in which an organism commonly lives or is parasitic on. This should be a subrelation, when needed. See also ''\"feedsOn'' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organism :OrganismType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :HabitatRegion :HabitatArea :HabitatType :GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaHabitatFor . :hasTypicalInstance a owl:ObjectProperty . :hasURL a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasURL is a relation that allows pointing to a URL reference without creating a reified AbstractString, as is necessary with the relations 'isDescribedByBLOBatURL' and 'isRepresentedByImageAtURL'. This relation permits less detail about the URL but may be sufficient for some purposes..""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :hasUniqueIdentifierString a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """the relation 'hasUniqueIdentifierString' relates an individual entity (physical or abstract) to some AbstractString that is intended to identify it uniquely. Any 'unique' ID may be copied, so the uniqueness will not be guaranteed, but may be assured within some context (e.g. enforced within a given ontology or database). Serial numbers on products or official Vehicle Identification Numbers on vehicles would qualify. Note that this relation points to the AbstractString representing the identifier, not some physical tag that may be affixed to a device.""" ; rdfs:range :IdentifierString ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isIdentifiedBy . :hasUniqueIdentifierString16 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """the relation 'hasUniqueIdentifierString16' is a subproperty of 'hasUniqueIdentifierString', whose range is restricted to IdentifierStrings of exactly 16 characters in length i.e. instances of 'UniqueIdentifier16'.""" ; rdfs:range :UniqueIdentifier16 ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasUniqueIdentifierString . :hasUniquePrefix a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasUniquePrefix points from a CodeList to a prefix string which is unique in the ontology, and serves to make each CodeString unique in the ontology. By making this an AbstractString (a first-class ontology Type) rather than a datatype string, the ontology mechanism can enforce the uniqueness requirement automatically. The Code itself (a Group of CodeString, CodeDescription, and perhaps other elements) will by default be prefixed by the CodeListPrefix, folowed by an underscore, but the CodeString will have the CodeListPrefix used as a suffix (afer an underscore), so that the proper code string can be extracted by taking the substring of the CodeString, up to the last underscore.""" ; rdfs:domain :CodeList ; rdfs:range :CodeListPrefix . :hasUnit a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasUnit relates an Attribute or AttributeValue to the UnitOfMeasure in which the value is expressed. For a length, for example, this might be meters, feet, miles, etc.. This relation may be used to relate quantitativeAttributes directly to their UnitOfMeasure (if they are quantitive attributes), or to relate the QuantitativeAttributeValue to its UnitOfMeasure. The direct relations allows one to specify QuantitativeAttributeValues without reifying the AttributeValue in addition to the Attribute.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValue :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range :UnitOfMeasure . :hasUnitObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasUnitObject relates a GenericSubstance (includes things like ''Money'') to the Objects that are the characteristic objects that constitute the substance. For example, a ChemicalElement hasUnitObject Atom. This is used for substances, but the subtype(?) 'consistsOfManyOf' is used for *some* granular Objects that behave in some respects like substances, This is for substance of any granularity. For a GranularSubstance composed of many individual SolidObjects, use 'consistsOfManyOf' to specify the constituent grain type. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :GenericSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range :ObjectType ; owl:inverseOf :isTheUnitObjectOf . :hasUpperLimit a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasUpperLimit' relates an instance of 'Number' or 'NumberRange' to a datatype number, which is above or equal to the highest possible value for the RealNumber. Whether the limit is inclusive or exclusive depends on the context in which it is used. This is a way to relate reified instances of number in the ontology to datatype numbers.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Number :NumberRange :VerbalProbability :QualitativeAttributeType ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :hasValue a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasValue relates an Attribute to the Value of the attribute. The value may be qualitative (Flexible) or quantitative {10 feet}. NOTE that AttributeValues can take the form of either instances of AttributeValue or *subtypes* of AttributeValue, which are instances of AttributevalueType. The latter are used to allow for subclassing of AttributeValues, to allow inferring that having one value also implies having its parent AttributeValues (up to the least specific value) """ ; rdfs:domain :Attribute ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeValue ) ] . :hasVariance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasVariance can be used to specify the variance (confidence interval, error range) for each individual measurement of a QuantitativeAttributeValue, when the variance is known or can be approximated. The ''StandardDeviation'' is the square root of the variance, so using this relation also can (by implication) specify the value of the ''StandardDeviation''. To specify a default variance for a type of measurement, the relation 'hasDefaultVariance' should be used. This value can be set differently for each type of quantitative measure and each application..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Distribution :QuantitativeAttributeValue ) ] ; rdfs:range :ConfidenceInterval . :hasVitalityAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasVitalityAttribute specifies whether an animal is alive, dead, sleeping, awake, unconscious, etc. Attributes other than the 'alive' and 'dead' attributes, do not apply to plants or microorganisms. NOTE: this can point to an instance of a ''VitalityAttribute'' that has an ''asOf'' assertion to speify when the attribute is valid. See ''Shakespeare' for an example of usage. @ToDo; conflated vitality type and value - needs to be reworked @ToDo: needs to specify the time at which the vitality is specified. Thus some ''Attribute'' should be created for this. @ToDo: a specialization of this for animals should be created.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organism :FictionalCharacter ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:VitalityAttributeValue :VitalityAttribute :VitalityAttributeType ) ] . :hasVolume a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''hasVolume'' relates a ''PhysicalObject'' to the volume of the 'ConvexHull'' (the smallest convex region of space) that includes all parts of that PhysicalObject. In the case of an ''ObjectGroup'', the ''ConvexHull'' that would express the volume they occupy would be the convex region of space that includes all the physical parts of all of the objects. Thus the 'volume' for a herd of cattle having known members would increase or decrease as those members come together or move apart. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :VolumeMeasure ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue . :hasWaveIntensity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasWaveIntensity relates a WavePropagationEvent (radio wave, sound, light) to some measure of the intensity of the signal. Because this includes several types of wave phenomenon, it is very general""" ; rdfs:domain :WavePropagationEvent ; rdfs:range :Amplitude . :hasWeightFractionRange a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hasWeightFractionRange' is a specialized relation for use in specifying the composition of a subtype of 'FractionalComponentSubstance', where the fraction to be represented is range of fractions rather than a secific number. This might be broadened allow ranges for other types.? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FractionalComponentSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range :NumberRange ; owl:inverseOf :isTheFractionRangeOf . :hasWife :en "has wife" ; :guid "bd58b2b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a person to his/her female spouse(s). """ ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :FemalePerson ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasSpouse ; owl:inverseOf :isTheWifeOf . :haveNumericalDifference :en "differ by" ; :wnsense "differ1v" ; :wordnet "differ" ; a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'haveNumericalDifference' relates an OrderedPair to some 'NumericalDifference'' (also an OrderedPair, of Attributes) that someone considers significant and worth representation. NOTE: a difference for more general characteristics may be expressed as ''BeingDifferent'' or ''subjectsHaveDifference''.. NOTE that to specify that two individuals are not identical to each other (the same invidividual), the OWL property: owl:differentFrom can be used. This is a way to get a single number expressing the arithmetic difference between two commensurate elements of an OrderedPair by subtracting one from the other. To express a difference in some Attribute between two members of an Ordered Pair, use 'subjectsHaveDifference'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'differ' in WordNet (more precisely, the phrase, 'differ by'): in WordNet: 1. (28) differ - (be different; 'These two tests differ in only one respect') """ ; rdfs:domain :QuantitativeDifference ; rdfs:range :NumericalDifference . :he :en "he" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'he' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to a male animal (usually a person). """ . :heats :en "heats" ; :wnsense "heat1v" ; :wordnet "heat" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''heats' relates an Object or process or Event to some Object or substance that is heated by that Object or process or Event. This is related to the relation 'causesIncreaseIn' where the increase is of the ''Temperaure'' of some Object or substance. In an FOL version, these relations could be logically related for inference purposes. For example, the relation 'X heats Air' could be inferred from 'X produces HotAir'. Corresponds to the transitive verb sense 1 of 'heat' in Wordnet: 1. (12) heat, heat up - (make hot or hotter; 'the sun heats the oceans'; 'heat the water on the stove') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess :ProcessType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] . :henceforth a :HenceforthAdverb . :henceforward a :HenceforthAdverb . :her :ldoce "her" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun ; rdfs:comment """'her' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to a female person who is not the speaker, and not the person addressed, in the objective case. (The possessive 'her' is 'her-poss' in COSMO) """ . :her-poss :ldoce "her" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive and a Determiner." . :here :ldoce "here" ; :wnsense "here1n" ; :wordnet "here" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Place ; rdfs:comment """The place where the speaker is currently located. This is a noun. The adverb meaning 'in this place' may be disambiguated from this sense by a lexical expert routine in NLU applications. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'here' in WordNet: 1. (1) here - (the present location; this place; \"where do we go from here?\") """ . :hers :ldoce "hers" ; a :Possessive, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun and a Possessive, used in the predicate adjective position. RHW: 1. a form of the possessive case of she used as a predicate adjective: The red umbrella is hers. Are you a friend of hers?""" . :herself :ldoce "herself" ; a :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun used in a reflexive sense, referring to female subject. Corresponds to senses 1,2, and 4 of Random House Webster 'herself':. 1. an emphatic appositive of her or she: She herself wrote the letter. 2. a reflexive form of her: She supports herself. 3. (used in absolute constructions): Herself still only a child, she had to take care of her four younger brothers and sisters. 4. (used as the object of a preposition or as the direct or indirect object of a verb): She gave herself a facial massage. He asked her for a picture of herself. """ . :him :ldoce "him" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'him' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to a male animal (usually a person), in the objective case. """ . :himself :ldoce "himself" ; a :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun used in a reflexive sense, referring to a male subject. Corresponds to senses 1,2, and 4 of Random House Webster 'himself': 1. an emphatic appositive of him or he: He himself spoke to the men. 2. a reflexive form of him: He cut himself. 4. (used as the object of a preposition or as the direct or indirect object of a verb): The old car had room only for himself and three others. """ . :hinders :en "blocks", "hinders", "impedes", "inhibits", "obstructs" ; :wnsense "block2v", "hamper2v", "handicap3v", "hinder1v", "hinder2v", "hinder3v", "impede1v", "inhibit2v", "obstruct1v", "obturate1v" ; :wordnet "block", "hamper", "handicap", "hinder", "impede", "inhibit", "obstruct", "obturate" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'hinders' relates something of any type, Object, Situation, or Attribute, to some Action that is rendered more difficult by the existence of the subject of this relation. This is in effect the opposite of 'enablesOrAssists' and in real-life situations, there can be multiple factors that either 'hinders' or 'enablesOrAssists' an agent's intended actions. If something 'prevents completely' rather than making an action more difficult, use the relation 'prevents'. This includes, for example, chemicals that can inhibit reactions, as do some drugs in biocheical systems. Includes adjective senses 1,2, and 3 of 'hinder' and senses 1 and 2 of 'impede' and sense 2 0f 'inhibit' in Wordnet: 1. (3) impede, hinder - (be a hindrance or obstacle to; 'She is impeding the progress of our project') 2. (1) obstruct, blockade, block, hinder, stymie, stymy, embarrass - (hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of; 'His brother blocked him at every turn') 3. (1) handicap, hinder, hamper - (put at a disadvantage; 'The brace I have to wear is hindering my movements') WN 'impede': 1. (2) impede, hinder - (be a hindrance or obstacle to; 'She is impeding the progress of our project') 2. (1) obstruct, obturate, impede, occlude, jam, block, close up - (block passage through; 'obstruct the path') WN 'inhibit': 2. (1) inhibit - (limit the range or extent of; 'Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationProcessEventOrState :EventType :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :AttributeValueType :AttributeValue :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Goal :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isHinderedBy . :his :ldoce "his" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive Pronoun and a Determiner." . :hisOrHerOwn :ldoce "own" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Possessive Pronoun and a Determiner. This representes the meaning of th word 'own when used in phrases such as 'his own' or 'her own' or 'its own'.""" . :holdsAtLocation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'holdsAtLocation' relates a Proposition or ''Role'' to some GenericLocation in which the Proposition is known or believed to be True, or the ''Role'' is being played.. This answers the 'where' of assertions. To answer the 'when' use 'holdsInTimeInterval', or make the subject or value of the relation an instance of TimeSlice. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range :GenericLocation . :holdsInContext a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """holdsInContext relates a reified Proposition to a Context in which it is asserted to be true. The Context may be as simple as a TimeInterval or a Database, or it may be a complex context which is a conjunction of a time interval, a location, a belief system, and any other thing that might affect the truth of an assertion. FOr the simple case of asserting that some Proposition is true in some TimeInterval one can use the subrelation 'holdsInTimeInterval'. Context in COSMO is used solely as a syntactic device to provide an umbrella category that can serve as the argument restriction on the 'holdsInContext' statement. There is no general 'theory' of context implied in this usage. Other than its syntactical usage, the only thing that can be asserted about 'contexts' generally is that the principle of non-contradiction holds only in a single context, and for assertions defined in different contexts, it cannot be expected that they will be necessarily true in any other context. NOTE that when the context is a TimeInterval, 'holdsInContext' should be used to specify that the Proposition holds at every TimePoint within the TimeInterval. If one wants to assert that a Proposition (such as an instance of RelationInstance) holds at some unspecified time(s) *within* a TimeInterval, the relation 'occurredInTimeInterval' should be used. Any set of assertions (including this ontology) will have an implied enveloping context. If the assertions are to be reused, it is necessary to be sure that the context of reuse is the same as that of the original set of assertions.""" ; rdfs:domain :Proposition ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Context :ContextType ) ] . :holdsInTimeInterval a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'holdsInTimeInterval' relates a ''Proposition'' or ''Role'' to some TimeInterval (or TimeAdverb) during which the Proposition is known or believed to be True, or the instance of Role is being played by the Role filler. A TimeAdverb ('always', 'never') can be used to assert vague times. NOTE: the domain is unrestricted, and this relation can be used in describing instances where the parent instance type only holds in some time interval, as with Roles. This answers the 'when' of assertions. To answer the 'where' use 'holdsAtLocation'. See also ''holdsInContext'. NOTE that using this relation may not be necessary if the subject or value of a relation can be specified to be an instance of 'TimeSlice'. In that case, the interpretation is the same oas saying that that relation holds in the TimeInterval which is the specified by the endpoints of TimeSlice. This relation is available for cases where using TimeSlice is not possible (or as an alternative preferred notation). """ ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :TimeIntervalType :TimeAdverb ) ] . :hourly :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :Hour ; :hasUnit :perHour ; :ldoce "hourly" ; :wnsense "hourly1adj" ; :wordnet "hourly" ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """A Frequency measure meaning once per Hour. If more than once, the phrase 'twice hourly' etc. would need to be used. Corresponds approximately to adjective sense 1 of 'hourly' in WordNet: 1. (1) hourly - (occurring every hour or payable by the hour; 'hourly chimes'; 'hourly pay') """ . :hours :en "hours" ; a :UnitOfTime . :how :en "how" ; :ldoce "how" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction ; rdfs:comment """The basic sense of 'how' is 'in what manner'; its use as a SubordinatingConjunction and Adverb is represented here. The disambiguation will require a LoGicalFunction to accomplish, or a Lexical Expert routine. Random House Webster senses: As an Adverb: 1. in what way or manner; by what means?: How did the accident happen? 2. to what extent, degree, etc.?: How damaged is the car? 3. in what state or condition?: How are you? 4. for what reason; why?: How can you talk such nonsense? 5. to what effect; with what meaning?: How is one to interpret his action? 6. what?: How do you mean? If they don't have vanilla, how about chocolate? 7. (used as an intensifier): How seldom I go there! 8. by what title or name?: How does one address the president? 9. at what price: How are the new cars going, cheaper than last year's models? 10. by what amount or in what measure or quantity?: How do you sell these tomatoes? 11. in what form or shape?: How does the demon appear in the first act of the opera? How does the medication come? as a Conjunction 16. the manner or way in which: He couldn't figure out how to solve the problem. 17. about the manner, condition, or way in which: I don't care how you leave your desk when you go. Be careful how you act. 18. in whatever manner or way; however: You can travel how you please. """ . :however :en "that being said" ; :ldoce "though" ; :wnsense "all the same1adv", "even so1adv", "however1adv", "nevertheless1adv", "nonetheless1adv", "notwithstanding1adv", "though1adv", "yet1adv" ; :wordnet "all the same", "even so", "however", "nevertheless", "nonetheless", "notwithstanding", "though", "yet" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'however' that means 'nevertheless', or 'even so' and does not include the sense of 'by contrast'. This includes the sense of 'though' when it is used in the popstpositive position. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'however'; in RHW: 1. nevertheless; yet; on the other hand; in spite of that: We have not yet won; however, we shall keep trying. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'however' in WordNet, and of 'though' in the postpositive position: 1. (188) however, nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so, nonetheless, notwithstanding - (despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession); 'although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it'; 'while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed'; 'he was a stern yet fair master'; 'granted that it is dangerous, all the same I still want to go') WN adverb 'though': 1. (11) though - ((postpositive) however; 'it might be unpleasant, though') """ . :hasStringDatatype "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_interoperability" ; :identifies :WikiPediaPageOnSemanticInteroperability ; a :UniversalResourceLocator . :hasStringDatatype "http://www.wikipedia.org/" ; :identifies :WikipediaSite ; a :UniversalResourceLocator . :hundred :hasCardinalityNumber "100"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "100"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "100", "hundred" ; :wnsense "hundred1adj" ; :wordnet "hundred" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'hundred' takes a type and returns a Group containing one hundred instances of that type; if preceded by another number ('two hundred') the preceding number serves as a function to create a new number which is the product.""" . :iPad :en "iPad" ; :enn "iPad" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''iPad'' is a ''LaptopComputer'' made by Apple and running Apple's iPadOS operating system. It comes in several models and sizes, with screen sizes from 8 to 13 inches wide. It is a thin computer with potential to use an attachable/detachable keypad. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :LaptopComputer . :iPhone :en "iPhone" ; :enn "iPhone" ; a :PhysicalObjectType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """An ''iPhone'' is a ''SmartPhone'' made by ''AppleCorp''. It comes in several models and sizes, with screen sizesabout 6 inches wide. It is highly mobile and can fit into a pocket.. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :SmartPhone . :iPod a :DeviceType, :ManufacturedGoodsType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """ Wikipedia: The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first version was released on October 23, 2001, about 8 1/2 months after the Macintosh version of iTunes was released. As of May 28, 2019, only the iPod Touch (7th generation) remains in production. Like other digital music players, some versions of the iPod can serve as external data storage devices. Prior to macOS 10.15, Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) could be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple macOS and Microsoft Windows operating systems. Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named \"Music\" and \"Videos\" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod. """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :AudioSystem, :DigitalDevice, :ManufacturedGoods, :MediaPlayingDevice, :PoweredDevice, :StorageEntity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :emits ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Music ; owl:onProperty :isaSourceOf ] . :idEst :wnsense "i.e.1adv", "id est1adv", "ie1adv" ; :wordnet "i.e.", "id est", "ie" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''idEst'' (i.e., ie, id est) is an adverb introducing a phrase that is a further explication or clarification of something said immediately before the adverb.. Derived from Latin = 'that is' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'id est' in WordNet: 1. i.e., ie, id est - (that is to say; in other words) """ . :identifies :en "identifies" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """the relation 'identifies' relates an individual Identifier to the individul entity that it is intended to identify. Identifiers identify individuals, so the more generic Designators cannot use this relation.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Identifier :IdentificationMark :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isIdentifiedBy . :if :en "if" ; :ldoce "if" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :implies :en "implies" ; a :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'implies' is a conjunction that connects the Antecedent with the Consequent of an ''Axiom''. The inverse order is represented by Conjunction ''followsFrom''. """ . :impliesAgentAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''impliesAgentAttribute'' points from a ''PersistentState'' or an ''AssertingEvent'' to some AttributeValue or ''Capability'' of the agent performing the subject state of ''impliesAgentAttribute' or of the agent doing the ''AssertingEvent'' that is asserted directly or implied. This allows specifying any implied AttributeValues for a *subject* performing a ''PersistentState'' and this is for assertions of a type that claim some attribute for the agent doing the asserting. The claim may of course be false. ''Bragging''? Has subProperty : \"isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute\" What is the difference? this adds ''AssertingEvent'' to Domain. NOTE that the 'agent'referred to can be *anything* that can be the subject ('patient') of a PersistentState, not necessarily animate. See the subproperty ''isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AssertingEvent :PersistentState :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CapabilityType :AttributeValueType ) ] . :impliesMeasure a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """impliesUnit is used to specify the unit of measure implied when a dmMappedMeasureRelation value is accessed. """ ; rdfs:range :MeasureType . :impliesPriorEventType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'impliesPriorEventType' relates one EventType to another EventType when the existence of an instance of the first type implies the existence of some instance of the second type, which preceded the first instance in time. Use of this relation does not require that the instance of the prior Event be instantiated or specifically identified. The domain and range include event instances so that this can be used as a parent property of 'reversesTheEffectOf'', to simplify the logic. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :occursAfter . :impliesUnit a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """impliesUnit is used to specify the unit of measure implied when a dmMappedMeasureRelation value is accessed. """ ; rdfs:range :UnitOfMeasure . :improves :en "improves" ; :ldoce "improve" ; :wnsense "improve1v" ; :wordnet "improve" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'improves' specifies that one Event did or some EventType usually or often does have as a result the improvement (becoming better) in something - an Object, State, Attribute. The kinds of things that can be 'improved' are very broad, because an 'improvement' relates those things to their suitability for the purpose of some agent; and an agent's purpose may require almost anything to be true. 'improved the design'; 'improved his golf game' This relation can be used as part of the specification of an 'ImprovementEvent' NOTE that this relation is for Events that cause an Improvement; to relate an Agent to some Improvement that the agent causes, use 'causedToBe' Corresponds to part of transitive verb sense 1 of 'improve' in WordNet: 1. (66) better, improve, amend, ameliorate, meliorate - (to make better; 'The editor improved the manuscript with his changes') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] . :in :ldoce "in", "inside" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'in' has multiple linguistic senses (9 of them in RHW). These are not enumerated here, and will need to be disambiguated by procedural code of the LogicalFunction representing those concepts. the word 'in' also has noun and adjective senses, which are not represented here. For one adjective sense, see 'Fashionable'. One of the senses means 'inside of' something, and that is the sense described by sense 1 of 'in' in the Random House Webster: 1. (used to indicate inclusion within space, a place, or limits): walking in the park. This sense includes the sense 'inside' or 'inside of', adjective sense 1 in RWH 1. on the inner side or part of; within: inside the circle; inside the envelope. To be inside something is also to be 'in' something in this first sense - but instances of Prepositions are not types, and cannot be subclassed. The specialization relation of these two concepts must be represented by a subproperty relation. see 'isContainedIn' """ . :inAddition :ldoce "also", "besides" ; :wnsense "additionally1adv", "also1adv", "as well1adv", "besides1adv", "besides2adv", "furthermore1adv", "in addition1adv", "likewise2adv", "moreover1adv", "to boot1adv", "too2adv" ; :wordnet "additionally", "also", "as well", "besides", "furthermore", "in addition", "likewise", "moreover", "to boot", "too" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'also' 'Also' is an adverbial function that takes an event as argument, to indicate that the event is similar to another event referenced (or implied) in the discourse. 'Harry rode a horse expertly. John also rode a horse, but amateurishly.' NOTE: these terms are considered as adverbs but are also used to introduce a phrase in the sense of being a ''Conjunction'' or ''CoordinatingConjunction''. The terms 'too' and 'besides' tend to be used at the end of an added phrase, whereas 'moreover' and 'in addition'and 'furthermore' tends to be used at the beginning of an added phrase. In the Random House Webster one adverbial sense is: 1. moreover; furthermore; also: Besides, I promised her we would come. This sense is similar to Wordnet adverb sense 1 of 'besides' in WordNet: 1. (10) besides, in any case - (making an additional point; anyway; 'I don't want to go to a restaurant; besides, we can't afford it'; 'she couldn't shelter behind him all the time and in any case he wasn't always with her') WN This sense is included here because it also means 'also', but this sense is also WN represented more specifically as 'besides' in COSMO. WN There are two closely related RHW prepositional senses: WN 4. over and above; in addition to: Besides a mother he has a sister to support. WN 5. other than; except: There's no one here besides Bill and me. WN WN Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'in addition' and sense 2 of 'besides' and WN sense 2 of 'too' and sense 1 of 'also' and adverb sense 1 of 'moreover' in WordNet: 2. (1) besides, too, also, likewise, as well - (in addition; 'he has a Mercedes, too') WN 'in addition': 1. (52) additionally, in addition, to boot - (by way of addition; furthermore; 'he serves additionally as the CEO') WN adv 'moreover': 1. (37) furthermore, moreover, what is more - (in addition; 'computer chess games are getting cheaper all the time; furthermore, their quality is improving'; 'the cellar was dark; moreover, mice nested there'; 'what is more, there's no sign of a change') """ . :inContext :en "in", "of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''inContext'' relates an instance of ''UniqueThingInaContext'' to the ''Context'' (actually,anything that can serve as a a ontext) in which it is specified. This is used i ''RoleInaContext'' to specify the specificcontext in which some specific individual plays a particular ''Role'' (which may be played by any other indviduals in different contexts,or even the same context when there are multiple individuals who can play a particular Role). NOTE: the relations ''in'' or ''of'' amy express also be used some of the meaning of this relation: NOTE: when used to relate things that are ''UniqueInaContext'' to the context,this is often expressed as 'of' or for locational things 'in'. 'highest peak in Asia' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UniqueThingInaContext :RoleInaContext ) ] ; rdfs:range owl:Thing . :inLocoParentis :wnsense "in loco parentis1adv" ; :wordnet "in loco parentis" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''inLocoParentis'' is an adverb describing actions or situations in which a Person or persons other than the parent serve as the ''ChildGurdian'', and have the responsibility to keep the MinorChild. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'in loco parentis' in Wordet: 1. in loco parentis - (in place of the parents; 'we had to punish this child in loco parentis') """ . :inSolvent :en "in solvent" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'inSolvent' relates an instance of SolubilityValue to the sovent in which the solubility is measured. """ ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType . :inTheMeantime :wnsense "in the meantime1adv", "meantime1adv", "meanwhile2adv" ; :wordnet "in the meantime", "meantime", "meanwhile" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """Specifying a time interval that is between two other time intervals previously mentioned in the discourse. Relation to ''meantime'' ? Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'in the meantime' in WordNet: 2. (6) meanwhile, meantime, in the meantime - (during the intervening time; 'meanwhile I will not think about the problem'; 'meantime he was attentive to his other interests'; 'in the meantime the police were notified') """ . :in_order_that :en "in order that" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :in_the_future a :HenceforthAdverb . :inasmuch_as a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :inches :en "inches" ; a :UnitOfLength, :UnitOfMeasure . :incidentally :wnsense "by the bye1adv", "by the way1adv", "incidentally1adv" ; :wordnet "by the bye", "by the way", "incidentally" ; a :Adverb, :Conjunction ; rdfs:comment """''incidentally'' is a conjunction-like term introducing a new but related topic. Listed as an adverb in WN. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'incidentally' in WordNet: 1. (2) by the way, by the bye, incidentally - (introducing a different topic; \"by the way, I won't go to the party\") """ . :including :en "including" ; :ldoce "including" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'including' not usually considered as a preposition, but for linguistic uses such as 'He ate everything including the rolls', the 'including' will be treated as the head of a prepositional phrase modifying 'everything'. 'The devices including both electrical and mechanical' 'including' is a preposition that introduces a phrase that functions as an 'and' There is no separate prepositional sense of 'including' in WordNet or in RHW. See 'IncludingSomethingInAnAggregate'. """ . :increasingly :wnsense "increasingly1adv", "more and more1adv", "progressively1adv" ; :wordnet "increasingly", "more and more", "progressively" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The adverb ''increasingly'' indicates that something increases over time, and is used with verbs suggesting actions over some period of time, such as 'become' or 'get' and similar verbs. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'increasingly' in WordNet: 1. (16) increasingly, progressively, more and more - (advancing in amount or intensity; 'she became increasingly depressed') """ . :indeed :wnsense "indeed1adv" ; :wordnet "indeed" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''indeed'' as an adverb can be used to express certainty' or as an intensifier. @ToDo: .its use as an interjection needs to be represented elsewhere Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'indeed' in WordNet: 1. (66) indeed, so - (in truth (often tends to intensify); 'they said the car would break down and indeed it did'; 'it is very cold indeed'; 'was indeed grateful'; 'indeed, the rain may still come'; 'he did so do it!') 2. indeed - ((used as an interjection) an expression of surprise or skepticism or irony etc.; 'Wants to marry the butler? Indeed!') """ . :indicatesConformanceTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'indicatesConformanceTo' relates an AttributeValue that is a subtype of 'Conforming' to the thing (Rule, preference state of the world) that it conforms to.""" ; rdfs:domain :QualitativeAttributeType . :inducedAgentToAction :ldoce "cause", "get", "make" ; :wnsense "cause2v", "get10v", "induce2v", "make4v", "stimulate2v" ; :wordnet "cause", "get", "induce", "make", "stimulate" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''inducedAgentToAction'' is a subproperty of 'hadMentalEffect' in which the Effect is an ''Action'' which was caused by the action of another person. The resulting Action may not be one that is desired by the person performing it. This is a general 'inducing' action, which cam be a gentle effect, including making and accepting a suggestion, but also includes the notion of 'compelling', 'forcing' or 'making' somebody to do something. This is an aggregate relation, which should be a tertiary relation of the form {?Event convinced ?Agent toDo ?Action}. Because of the binary relation limitation of OWL, this is compressed into a binary relation in which the second argument is an Action that specifies a specific Action performed by some specific Agent. To determine the Agent that was convinced by the Event of argument1, it will be necessary to extract the Agent from the Action instance. This relation expresses the notion of something (a physical Event or some social Event such as a discussion) convincing someone to think something, believe something, to feel some emotion, or to do some action. NOTE that although this relation name indicates 'Action', the 'Action' can be a strictly mental event (even a stative Event) such as believing something or having some emotional reaction such as fear or eager anticipation. NOTE that this is an instance-level relation, and cannot be used to state that some type of Event typically or always causes some type of mental effect. For the type-level relation use 'causesMentalEvent'. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'cause' and sense 4 of 'make' and sense 2 of 'stimulate' and sense 2 of 'induce' and sense 10 of 'get' in WordNet:: 2. (46) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa') """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :FunctionalProcess :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadMentalEffect ; owl:inverseOf :wasaResponseToEvent . :induces :en "causes", "induces" ; :ldoce "cause", "produce" ; :wnsense "cause1v", "induce1v", "induce2v", "induce3v", "produce3v" ; :wordnet "cause", "induce", "produce" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'induces' relates objects or substances to Events or EventTypes that result from or are produced (sometimes, or often or always) by exposure to (that substance or object). See also 'presenceCauses'. This relation includes parts of verb senses 1 of 'cause', and to part of sense 3 of 'produce' (the part 'cause to happen or occur'), and senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'induce' in WordNet: WN 'cause' 1. (114) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') WN verb 'produce' 3. (27) produce, bring about, give rise - (cause to happen, occur or exist; 'This procedure produces a curious effect'; 'The new law gave rise to many complaints'; 'These chemicals produce a noxious vapor'; 'the new President must bring about a change in the health care system') WN verb 'induce': 1. (11) induce, bring on - (cause to arise; 'induce a crisis') 2. (7) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa') 3. (5) induce, stimulate, rush, hasten - (cause to occur rapidly; 'the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] . :infinity :hasNumericalValue "99999999999999.9"^^xsd:float ; a :NonnegativeInt ; rdfs:comment """The 'numerical value' isn't really infinite,but is larger than neessary for any practical need. """ . :informalTerm :en "informal" ; a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to an informal word that is not usually used in polite adult speech, except for special effect.""" ; rdfs:label "FrameNet frame word" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :inhabits :en "inhabits", "lives in" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''inhabits'' relates an Animal (including people) to some ''Place'' or GeopoliticalEntity in which it 'lives', i.e.spends most of its time. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeopoliticalEntity :Place :LocationType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaHabitatOf . :initially :wnsense "at first1adv", "at the start1adv", "in the beginning2adv", "initially1adv", "originally3adv", "to begin with1adv" ; :wordnet "at first", "at the start", "in the beginning", "initially", "originally", "to begin with" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """''initially'' is an adverb whose general sense is 'during the first temporal part of some event'. The adjective is related to 'early'' but is used differently, indicating that there was a change of something during the event of which the initial part is referenced. Includes adverb sense 1 of 'initially' and sense 2 of 'in the beginning' in WordNet: 1. (10) initially, ab initio, at first, at the start - (at the beginning; 'at first he didn't notice anything strange') WN adverb 'in the beginning: 2. (1) in the first place, earlier, in the beginning, to begin with, originally - (before now; 'why didn't you tell me in the first place?') """ . :initiatesState a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'initiatesState' is a relation that specifies that a particular Event or EventType always initiates some PersistentState. For example, 'FormingAnOpinion' initiates 'HavingAnOpinion', 'Death' would initiate the state in which an organism is 'Dead', or 'WeddingCeremony' would initiate the 'Marriage' state. As in the case of 'Dead', the resulting state is not always reified in an ontology, but, but may be described as an Object having an AttributeValue. The corresponding PersistentState could be reified when that is useful.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :PersistentState ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :alwaysCauses ; owl:inverseOf :isInitiatedBy . :inside :ldoce "in", "inside" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition . :insteadOf :en "as a substitute for", "as an alternative to", "in place of", "instead of" ; :ldoce "instead" ; a :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'insteadOf' is a LogicalFunction that takes a noun phrase, and returns a phrase that is used to designate the repalcement or alternative in sentenes such as 'he used an X instead of a Y to open the ...', or 'the x was closed, so they went to the Z instead'. Note that the 'instead can be used as a preposition or an adverb in such sentences. For alternatives in using things, the phrase 'in place of' may also serve the same function. """ . :interGrammarPartRelation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''interGrammarPartRelation'' is a semantically vacuous relation used only as a parent to organize the ''ObjectProperty''s that relate parts of grammar to each other particularly those that relate adjectives to adverbs and Actions, but also relations to objects or locations. """ . :into :en "into" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'into' is a preposition that has multiple meanings related to 'into the interior of' or 'in the direction of' or 'toward membership in'' and various metaphorical senses creating images of motion toward or into something. Some RHW senses: 1. to the inside of; in toward: He walked into the room. The train chugged into the station. 2. toward or in the direction of: going into town. 3. to a point of contact with; against: backed into a parked car. 4. (used to indicate insertion or immersion in): plugged into the socket. 5. (used to indicate entry, inclusion, or introduction in a place or condition): received into the church. 6. to the state, condition, or form assumed or brought about: went into shock; lapsed into disrepair; translated into another language. """ . :invented :en "invented" ; :ldoce "invent" ; :wnsense "invent1v" ; :wordnet "invent" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """points from an inventor to the thing invented. The object of this relation will be something that is the product of an 'InventingEvent': WN verb 'invent': in WordNet: 1. (15) invent, contrive, devise, excogitate, formulate, forge - (come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort; 'excogitate a way to measure the speed of light') """ ; rdfs:domain :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:range :InventionType . :inwards :ldoce "inwards" ; :wnsense "inwards1adv", "inwards2adv" ; :wordnet "inwards" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'proceeding toward or located inside of something'. See also the AttributeValue 'inward'. In the Random House Webster it has 3 distinguished senses: 1. toward the inside, interior, or center, as of a place, space, or body. 2. into or toward the mind or soul: He turned his thoughts inward. 3 Obs. a. on the inside or interior. b. in the mind or soul; mentally or spiritually Corresponds to adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'inwards' in WordNet: 1. in, inwards, inward - (to or toward the inside of; 'come in'; 'smash in the door') 2. inward, inwards - (toward the center or interior; 'move the needle further inwards!') """ . :is-verb :en "is" ; :hasInfinitiveForm :be ; :ldoce "be" ; :wnsense "be4v" ; :wordnet "be" ; a :AuxVerb, :Verb3s ; rdfs:comment """The third person present singular of 'be'. Corresponds to tpps of the verb sense 1 of 'be' in WordNet: 4. (698) exist, be - (have an existence, be extant; 'Is there a God?') """ . :isAbilityToPerformActionType :en "is an ability of one who can perform" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isAbilityToPerformActionType specifies the action Type (or group of actions) that an Agent can perform when that Agent has a specific AgentCapabilityor is in some state. Although in general one asserts the ability of an agent to perform a certain type of Action, there are certain actions in COSMO where the 'type' is actually represented as an instance of an Action (e.g. the ability of a solvent to dissolve a particular substance is represented as an instance of 'DissolvingaSubstance', where the substance that can be dissolved is specified; @ToDo: this needs to be changed so that dissolving a particular substance is still a type of Action, not an instance! This relation entails that the Agent that has this capability is also the subject of the relation 'canServeAsAgentInActionType', with the same ActionType as the Object. The combination of 'hasCapability' and 'isAbilityToPerformActionType' imply the relation 'canServeAsAgentInActionType'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CapabilityType :AgentCapability :Ability :ActionGroup :PersistentState ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :ActionGroup ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isPerformedByAgentWithAbility . :isAbilityToServeInActionType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isAbilityToServeInActionType relates a generic CapabilityType or an instance of AgentCapability or an InstrumentCapability to a type of action that the Agent can perform or the Instrument can facilitate. To determine the type of capability, it will benecessary to determine the Type of the subject of this relation.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentCapability :InstrumentCapability :CapabilityType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType . :isAbilityToServeInRole a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isAbilityToServeInRole a type of Capability to a Role in some Action that the thing having a Capability can function as.""" ; rdfs:domain :CapabilityType ; rdfs:range :RoleType . :isAbove :guid "be69c623-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "above" ; :wnsense "above2adv" ; :wordnet "above" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'above-Generally'. This can be used for objects or regions: one can say, e.g. that an airplane is above some city or geographical point. NOTE for rev1573: this sense of 'below' is also used for physical text or marks (underline, diacritical marks) on a page of text, thus interpreting the page of text as an object oriented with the 'top' directly above the 'bottom. This could be made more explicit with a special ObjectProperty for 'above' and 'below' relations. Cyc: (#$above-Generally OBJ1 OBJ2) means that the #$SpatialThing-Localized OBJ1 is more or less above the #$SpatialThing-Localized OBJ2. To be more precise: if OBJ1 is within a cone-shaped set of vectors within about 45 degrees of #$Up-Directly pointing up from OBJ2 (see #$Up-Generally), then (#$above-Generally OBJ1 OBJ2) holds. This is a more general predicate than #$above-Directly (q.v.), but it is a more specialized predicate than #$isHigherThan (q.v.). It probably most closely conforms to the English word above. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'above' in WordNet: 2. (9) above, higher up, in a higher place, to a higher place - (in or to a place that is higher) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isHigherThan ; owl:inverseOf :isBelow . :isAbove-Touching :guid "bd58f620-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "above", "over" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A binary #$SpatialPredicate that is a specialization of both #$above-Directly and #$touches (qq.v.). (#$above-Touching ABOVE BELOW) means that ABOVE is located over BELOW and they are touching. Examples of things related by #$above-Touching include a person and a chair s/he is sitting on, a boat and the on water it floats on, and a hat and the head wearing it. Note that it need _not_ be the case that every point of ABOVE is higher than every point of BELOW.""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDirectlyAbove, :isNearTo . :isAcceleratedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :acceleratesOrShortens . :isAcquaintedWith :en "is acquainted with" ; :wnsense "acquainted1adj", "familiar with1adj" ; :wordnet "acquainted", "familiar with" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isAcquaintedWith'' is a generic relation relating an IntentionalAgent to something - a person, place, method of doing things, knowledge in general - that that person has *some* familiarity with. For a Person 'knowing' some type of knowledge, use ''knows''. This is for casual acquaintance: Jack is somewhat acquainted with Jill' The more intensive 'knowing' is represented by ''isWellAcqaintedWith''. As of rev 1627 the use of this has not been differentiated from the other similar relations: \"knows\" \"isKnownBy\" \"isKnowledgeableAbout\" \"isVeryKnowledgeableAbout\" For a Person who is well acquainted with someone else, though is not a 'friend' of that person (as for coworkers or colleagues or those one meets in associations of which both are members), use the subtype ''isWellAcquaintedWith''. Similar in meaning to WordNet adjective 'acquainted', but needing somewhat less familiarity than the WN gloss suggests. If well acquainted, use ''isWellAcquaintedWith'': in WordNet: 1. (1) acquainted, acquainted with, familiar with - (having fair knowledge of; 'they were acquainted'; 'fully acquainted with the facts') """ ; rdfs:domain :IntentionalAgent . :isAcrossFrom :en "is across [?object] from", "is across from" ; :ldoce "across" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isAcrossFrom'' relates one Object (obj1) to another Object (obj2) that are separated by a third Object (obj3), in such a way that obj1 and obj2 can be said to be 'across from' each other or 'on opposite sides of' obj3 """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] . :isAdjacentTo :en "alongside", "alongside of", "is adjacent to", "is alongside", "is alongside of" ; :ldoce "beside" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """isAdjacentTo specifies that some GenericLocation (an Object or a Region) is 'adjacent' to another. This means that it might be touching, with nothing in between, or might be separated by some thin space, which might have a name, as in a 'crack' or a sulcus in the brain. If there is a solid object separating them, two GenericLocations can be 'near' but not 'adjacent'. NOTE that this relation makes intuitive sense only when the adjacent objects are of comparable size. We do not usually say that a bacterium on the skin is 'adjacent to' the skin. A different (perhaps more general) relation should be defined for such cases, because the gap that exists in non-touching cases can be large relative to one object and small relative to the other. For things that are 'typically' adjacent to another, the relation ''isTypicallyLocatedAt'' can be used. NOTE: this is similar to the instance-level OBO_REL relation 'adjacent_to', except that this COSMO relation is solely an instance relation and is not used at the Type level. For specifying the typical relations of Types (as in the OBO definition below), a separate class-level relation and inference axioms will be required. OBO_REL: relation adjacent_to: (only the instance-level relation is similar to COSMO 'isAdjacentTo'. Definition: C adjacent to C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c and c' are in spatial proximity. OBO Comments: Note that adjacent_to as thus defined is not a symmetric relation, in contrast to its instance-level counterpart. For it can be the case that Cs are in general such as to be adjacent to instances of C1 while no analogous statement holds for C1s in general in relation to instances of C. Examples are: nuclear membrane adjacent_to cytoplasm; seminal vesicle adjacent_to urinary bladder; ovary adjacent_to parietal pelvic peritoneum""" ; rdfs:domain :GenericLocation ; rdfs:range :GenericLocation ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isNearTo, :overlapsOrTouches . :isAheadOf :ldoce "ahead" ; :wnsense "ahead1adv" ; :wordnet "ahead" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """isAheadOf relates one location to another location that is behind the first by some spatial interval. 'behind' and 'ahead' imply some direction, but the direction is not specified here. Often the implied direction is a direction of movement for the thing that is 'behind', i.e. a person in a car travelling on a highway may say that a city is 'fifty miles ahead', or another car on the highway is 'fifty feet ahead'. NOTE that in certain competitions such as races (but not scored competitions), this may be the same as 'having the lead'. For that sense, use the attribute 'AheadInaCompetition' . The relations specified by 'ahead' are inherently multiple arity - including two locations (or objects) and some reference to the direction. In an OWL binary formalism, it would be necessary to use {?Obj2 isAheadOf ?Obj1} with {{?Obj2 and ?Obj1} isLocatedAt ?Path} Where {?Obj2 and ?Obj1} is a pair of objects (or locations). But even here, it is not necessarily clear that the 'ahead' refers to that particular ?Path. The full description of 'ahead' should use multiple arity relations. This is a placeholder, for the OWL version of COSMO. Close to adverb sense 1 of 'ahead' in WordNet: 1. (21) ahead, in front, before - (at or in the front; 'I see the lights of a town ahead'; 'the road ahead is foggy'; 'staring straight ahead'; 'we couldn't see over the heads of the people in front'; 'with the cross of Jesus marching on before') """ ; rdfs:domain :GenericLocation ; rdfs:range :GenericLocation . :isAimedAt a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isAimedAt relates a Firearm to some target that the Firearm is aimed at (at some specific time). See also 'AimingAction'. """ ; rdfs:domain :Firearm ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObject . :isAlignedWith :guid "bece55e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isAlignedWith' relates an Object that is linear or has a front and back end, with another such object, and asserts that their directions of orientation are approximately the same Cyc: (#$aligned OBJ1 OBJ2) means that the two objects are aligned so as to be oriented in the same way. Specifications of this would be #$alignedAlong to specify that the two objects are side-by-side, and #$alignedEndToEnd to specify that the two objects share a common length axis as well. See also a related predicate #$parallelObjects.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FrontAndBackSidedObject :Line :LongAndThinObject :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FrontAndBackSidedObject :Line :LongAndThinObject :ObjectType ) ] . :isAlmostTheSameAs a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isAlmostTheSameAs' relates one numerical quantity (dimensionless Number or ConstantQuantity) to another and asserts that the ratio r of the numerical values of the two fall in the range 1.11111 > r > 0.9; i.e. this is for quantities that are different by less than ten per cent. Thus: {{10 meters} isApproximatelyEqualTo 11 meters}}.""" ; rdfs:domain :Quantity ; rdfs:range :Quantity ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isApproximatelyEqualTo . :isAlongside :en "alongside" ; :guid "be18e252-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "beside" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'alongsidePathSegment'. This sense is not to represent mere closeness; the relation 'isAdjacentTo' can be used for that. This has to relate objects that have some part extending in the same direction. A parked car isAlongside the curb, when it is parallel parked. Cyc: This predicate relates an object that is alongside a customary path to the precise segment of the path that the object is strictly alongside. The path segment will have the same length as whichever dimension (if any) of the object is aligned with the path. More precisely, (#$alongsidePathSegment THING SEGMENT) means that SEGMENT is a #$subPaths of some PATH that THING is #$onPath-Alongside, and SEGMENT is the longest portion of PATH lying between two planes that both intersect THING and are both perpendicular to the centerline of PATH. For example, a 100-foot-wide building standing alongside and facing a street is #$alongsidePathSegment the corresponding 100-foot-long segment of the street. No WordNet sense. A part of 'beside' is represented by this type. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isNearTo . :isAlwaysFollowedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'alwaysFollows', can be used to specify default Events usually precede the subject Events. See also 'occurredEarlierThan'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTypicallyFollowedBy ; owl:inverseOf :alwaysFollows . :isAnActionDisposedByTendency a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isAnActionDisposedByTendency'' is the inverse of ''isaTendencyToPerformAction'', pointing from a ActionType to a Tendency that can predispose to such actions.""" ; owl:inverseOf :isaTendencyToPerformAction . :isAnActionOnType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isAnActionOnType' Event or Event type to the things (Objects or Substance types) that are acted on in that kind of Event. This is used mostly to specify the kind of object that is acted in in some type of action that is labeled by a transitive verb. The object is often called the 'patient' of the action in semantic terminology. For the specifically instance-level relation use 'hadThingAffected' This is similar to the Cyc 'objectActedOn' Cyc: The predicate #$objectActedOn is used to relate an event to any object significantly affected in that event. The entity or entities in question must exist before the event, but may be either destroyed in the event (see the more specific predicate #$inputsDestroyed), or merely affected by it (for example, see the more specific predicates #$damages and #$objectOfStateChange). (#$objectActedOn EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is altered or affected in EVENT, and the change that OBJECT undergoes is central or focal to understanding EVENT. Thus, scissors are _not_ an #$objectActedOn in a #$HairCuttingEvent. The focal change in a haircut is hair getting shorter; thus, hair is a legitimate #$objectActedOn in a #$HairCuttingEvent. The almost microscopic dulling that scissors undergo in a single haircut is a comparatively insignificant change with respect to a single haircut, considered as a #$HairCuttingEvent.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :ActingOnSomething ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :isAnAdministratorForDatabase a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isAnAdministratorForDatabase specifies the Person who is administrator for a particular Database. The Role of DatabaseAdministrator might be played by more than one person, or a GroupOfPeople, or even an Organization.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseAdministrator ; rdfs:range :Database . :isAnAlternativeTo :en "is not to", "is the opposite of", "is to not" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isAnAlternativeTo' relates an instance or type of Action another instance or type of Action; the two actions are alternatives for an agent in some situation; the agent cannot do both actions at the same time. Two such actions may represent choices that an agent makes in some circumstance, but they need not be done as a result of a deliberate choice. NOTE* This is conceptally similar to 'disjoint' but as a relation between real-world Actions, the strict logical relation may not be appropriate. Actions may have miultiple consequences,and some actions may have consequences that fall into a nominally disjoint category from the causative Action. Tricky. Another label might be *x* 'isToNot' *y* The 'opposite' relations do not quite fit here. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] . :isAnAncestorOf :en "is an ancestor of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Ancestor ; rdfs:range :Descendant ; owl:inverseOf :isDescendedFrom . :isAnAttemptToAvoid a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isAnAttemptToAvoid'' relates an instance of ''AvoidanceAction'' to the Thing (of any type) that the action attempts to avoid. .An 'avoidanceAction'' is an attempt that may not be successful """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AvoidanceAction :ActionType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeAvoidedBy . :isAnAttributeOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hasAttribute'. NOTE: As of rev1705 This relation is used only for subtypes of ''Attribute'', not of ''AttributeValue''. As of rev 1705 it is used only with ''RainbowColorTypes''. Necessary? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :Attribute :AttributeValue :AttributeType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :Group :ObjectType :GeometricFigure :PhysicalSubstance :Event :EventType :GroupType ) ] . :isAnAttributeOfSomethingWithQuality a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState ; owl:inverseOf :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute . :isAnAttributeValueOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isAnAttributeValueOf is the inverse of 'hasAttributeValue'. This relation will be used explicitly only in special cases where particular AttributeValues are appropriately applied only to specific types of things.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeValue ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :GenericSubstance :Object :GeometricFigure :Event :Group :ObjectType :EventType :AgentType :SubstanceType :GroupType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] . :isAnExecutionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isAnExecutionOf relates specific actions to the Procedure (or Type of procedure) that specifies how to carry out that action. This can be used at the type or instance level. When used at the type level, it should be interpreted as meaning that an execution, if successful, has a plan categorized as the referenced type. NOTE that any given execution of a Specification for performing an action will vary from the intended ideal to some extent. All executions of the same specification will nevertheless be related to that specification by this relation, even if there are noticeable deviations (an actor forgetting his lines, e.g.) Only if some specification *itself* is changed will there be a different Specification for the corresponding executions. A changed Specification will be related to the original in some one of several ways (e.g, translation, change of words in a script, etc.). NOTE that this may be labeled a 'realization' in some terminologies: See also 'isInAccordanceWith' - if an execution of a Specification is correctly carried out, it can also be related to the Specification by this second relation, more stringent than just 'isAnExecutionOf'. Although the execution of a Specification usually involves some Action, it may also result in PersistentStates that are not inherently Actions. Therefore the Domain is Event, and an EventGroup that includes PersistentStates may be related to a Specification by this relation. Note that playing a recording of an action that is an execution of a specification also counts as being an execution of that specification. Therefore playing a CD of a movie is an execution of the script of that movie. This is an 'action' because such playing is always done as a result of some action taken by an agent, even when the agent merely sets in action some automaton that actually executes the playback of a recording.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ConceptualWork :Description :SpecificationType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasExecutionEvent . :isAnInterestOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasAnInterestIn . :isAnObligationOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Obligation ; rdfs:range :IntelligentAgent ; owl:inverseOf :hasObligation . :isAnOrganicPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isAnOrganicPartOf' is a subproperty of isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf, specialized for describing physical parts of Organisms that originate as parts of Organisms or as parts of larger parts of Organisms. This a Finger 'isAnOrganicPartOf' a Hand. This merely describes the usual origin of such objects; the object (e.g. Finger) may be severed from the whole without destroying its identify (e.g. as a Finger). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isNormallyLocatedAt, :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasOrganicPart . :isApproximatelyEqualTo a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isApproximatelyEqualTo' relates one numerical quantity (dimensionless Number or ConstantQuantity) to another and asserts that the ratio r of the numerical values of the two fall in the range 1.5 > r > 0.6667. Thus: {{4 meters} isApproximatelyEqualTo {3 meters}}. """ ; rdfs:domain :Quantity ; rdfs:range :Quantity ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isWithinaFactorOfTwoOf . :isAssessedBy a owl:ObjectProperty . :isAssociatedWithAgent :ldoce "member" ; :wnsense "member1n" ; :wordnet "member" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isAssociatedWithAgent'' points from some specific Agent (Group or ''Affiliate'') to a specific Organization with which the Agent has some formal association. This relation is a quasi-inverse of 'hasAssociatedGroupType', but is not in fact an inverse, as it is an instance-level relation, whereas the former relates an instance of Organization to a Type of Group that it is associated with. The lack of symmetry reflects the need to carefully handle the conflated concepts and relations that are involved in thinking about and reasoning about Organizations. A Group may be associated with more than one Organization. The type of Group that may be associated with an Organization is very general, and may be a Group of people or anything else, such as assets, property, other organizations. The Type of Group it is will be deducible from the Group's defined parent Type. The term 'member' may be broadly used to refer to subgroups associated with organizations, so the label 'member' is applied here, but may not be appropriate - to be determined by experience. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AffiliatedAgent :AgentGroup :Organization :OrganizationType :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AffiliatedAgent :AgentGroup :Organization :OrganizationType :AgentType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasAssociatedAgent . :isAtTheEdgeOf :en "is at the edge of", "is peripheral to", "peripheral" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isAtTheEdgeOf'' relates some Object (Physical or Abstract) to a larger Object that is two-dimensional or Sheetlike (not necessarily flat), and is located at the outer edge of the larger object. For example, the tread' of a tire is at the outer edge of the Tire, and the 'teeth' of a ''GearWheel' are at the edge of a ''GearWheel'' and the Circumference of a Circle ''isAtTheEdgeOf'' the Circle. This supplements the relation ''isAtTheSurfaceOf'' which is used for objects that are similarly peripera, but for three-dimensional objects. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] . :isAtTheEndOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isAtTheEndOf' relates a ''PhysicalObject'' (more specifically physical that for the parent ''isLocatedAtTheEndOf') to the *end* of another Object, either (1) to which it is 'attached' in some way, by strong or weak attachment forces; or (2) of which it is a PhysicalPart. The thing the subject is at the end of must have some clearly recognizable 'end'. For LongAndThin objects,there may be two such ends.. If the Object at the end is a PhysicalPart of a whole object, that can be clarified by adding the ''isaPhysicalPartOf'' relations between the same subject and object pair. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObject :SolidObjectType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAtTheEndOf . :isAtTheSurfaceOf :en "is on", "is on a", "on" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Inverse of 'hasSurfacePart'. Being *at* the surface is for *parts* that are at the surface of the subject of this relation. Something permanently affixed to the surface (marks or firmly attached objects) can be related by this relation. The parent relation ''isPartOfOrAttachedTo'' an be used for internal parts as well as surface parts, whereas this is more specific for surface parts or attachments. Something that ''isAtTheSurfaceOf'' of an object be carved into the surface, like a ''Petroglyph'' or words carved into a headstone. For approximately two-dimensional objects, the property ''isAtTheEdgeOf''has a similar meaning. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isPartOfOrAttachedTo, :overlapsOrTouches ; owl:inverseOf :hasSurfacePart . :isAttachedTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isAttachedTo' relates an Object, or some SubstanceType, to another Object to which it is 'attached' in some way, directly or indirectly, by strong or weak attachment forces, so that moving one part also moves the other. This can apply to dirt on a surface, two objects bonded by welding or soldering, two objects velcroed together or taped together, etc. The clear implication is that neither of the two objects is part of the other, nor is a surface substance part of a larger object (as would be a plating on a metal object). For parts like plating, use the parent relation 'isPartOfOrAttachedTo' (unless after rev981 a more specific 'plating' relation is added). The logical implication of this relation is that, if any one of the two objects changes location, the second also changes location unless the motion of one part also destroys the attachment. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Coating :PhysicalObject :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObject :SolidObjectType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAtOrOn . :isBadFor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isBadFor' relates some ''BadThing'' to the Thing(s) for whom it is ''Bad''. Usually the Thing is some ''IntentionalAgent'',but something can be bad for the Environment,or a Biome, or for some generic purpose share by diverse groups of agents. So there is no restriction on the range. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :EventType :BadThing ) ] . :isBehind :guid "bd58b405-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "behind" ; :wnsense "behind1adv" ; :wordnet "behind" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'behind-Generally'. This is restricted in COSMO to PhysicalObjects. NOTE; for something that is part of a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'' and is at or attached to the back side, use subattribute ''isDirectlyBehind''. Cyc: An instance of #$SpatialPredicate. (#$behind-Generally AFT FORE) means that AFT is behind FORE. More precisely, a line originating at the center of FORE projecting away from the front side of FORE and parallel to the intrinsic front-to-back axis of FORE forms an angle of less than 45 degrees with a line intersecting both AFT and FORE. Note that AFT may be intangible (e.g., a shadow), although FORE must be tangible. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'behind' in WordNet: 1. (13) behind - (in or to or toward the rear; 'he followed behind'; 'seen from behind, the house is more imposing than it is from the front'; 'the final runners were far behind') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isNearTo . :isBelow :en "is below", "is underneath" ; :ldoce "below", "beneath" ; :wnsense "below1adv", "beneath1adv" ; :wordnet "below", "beneath" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'isAbove'. NOTE for rev1573: this sense of 'below' is also used for physical text or marks on a page of text, thus interpreting the page of text as an object oriented with the 'top' directly above the 'bottom. This could be made more explicit with a special ObjectProperty for 'above' and 'below' relations. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'below' and adverb sense 1 of 'beneath' in WordNet: 1. (16) below, at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath - (in or to a place that is lower) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] . :isBetween :ldoce "between" ; :wnsense "between2adj" ; :wordnet "between" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: to specify that something 'isBetween' two other things *and* 'touches' both things (in some sense) the relation 'connects' can be used together with this one, with the same ''Pair'' as the object of both relations. Otherwise the thing that 'isbetween' can be distant from both things that it is between. This relation is usually used for things between a ''Pair'' of other things, but can also be applied to things 'among' a Group of more than two things, if it is between *each pair* of those other Objects, i..e is 'among' them. NOTE: this can be used for tempporal intervals as well. If desired, a subattribute can be added for temporal intervals, using a SUMO -like 'temporallyBetween' relation (but the SUMO relation is ternary). Corresponds to adjective sense 2 (spatial) of 'between' in WordNet: 2. (1) between, 'tween - (in between; 'two houses with a tree between') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :Object :OneOrHigherDimensionalThing :GenericLocation :LocationType :ObjectType :spatio-temporal-particular ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Pair :Group :PairType :GroupType ) ] . :isBiggerThan a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A generic relationship for sizes of things, whether abstract or concrete, subsuming 'greaterThan' and 'lessThan' for numbers, and 'largetThan' and 'smallerThan' for Objects. This relation represents the likely possibility that relative sizes, even for disjoint dimensions, have some common semantic character and may be represented in the brain by some common neural elements""" ; owl:inverseOf :isLittlerThan . :isBiologicallyDerivedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isBiologicallyDerivedFrom is the type-level relation that expresses the typical relation of biological derivation that is expressed at the instance level by 'wasBiologicallyDerivedFrom'. This COSMO relation is similar to the OBO_REL 'derives_from', used to specify developmental derivation of organic structures in a body from each other. However, this COSMO relation is strictly at the Type level - thus the present tense verbal form. NOTE that, although this may appear at first to be a specialized relation not needed in a foundation ontology, there are well-known 'derives from' instances that even kindergarten children are aware of, for example that a butterfly is derived from a caterpillar. A child might phrase this as 'a butterfly comes from a caterpillar', and this will have the same meaning (at the Type level) as this relation. OBO_REL: derives_from: (See http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/) OBO Definition: Derivation on the instance level (*derives_from*) holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. We say that one class C derives_from class C' if instances of C are connected to instances of C' via some chain of instance-level derivation relations. Example: osteocyte derives_from osteoblast. Formally: C derives_immediately_from C' if and only if: given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then there is some c' and some t', such that c' instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier-than t and c *derives_from* c'. C derives_from C' if and only if: there is an chain of immediate derivation relations connecting C to C'. OBO-Comments: Derivation as a relation between instances. The temporal relation of derivation is more complex. Transformation, on the instance level, is just the relation of identity: each adult is identical to some child existing at some earlier time. Derivation on the instance-level is a relation holding between non-identicals. More precisely, it holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. Thus we will have axioms to the effect that from c derives_from c1 we can infer that c and c1 are not identical and that there is some instant of time t such that c1 exists only prior to and c only subsequent to t. We will also be able to infer that the spatial region occupied by c as it begins to exist at t overlaps with the spatial region occupied by c1 as it ceases to exist in the same instant.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LifeStageType :BiologicalOrganType :OrganismType :PlantPartType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LifeStageType :BiologicalOrganType :OrganismType :PlantPartType ) ] . :isBoundedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isBoundedBy' relates a Region or Object (Physical or abstract) to some Object, Line, or surface that bounds it in some way. This allows describing the region within a Line, surface, or Container as a type of entity. Thus the volume within a container isBoundedBy the container itself. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Region :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Container :Line :Surface-Generic ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isContainedIn ; owl:inverseOf :bounds . :isCarriedOn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isCarriedOn is a general relation specifying the type of Object that a particular device is used in, and serves as a part of. There may be more than one artifact that carries a device.""" ; rdfs:domain :Device ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObject . :isCausedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event :ActionType :WaveType :Wave :ProcessType :PhysicalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :causes . :isCausedByExposureTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isCausedByExposureTo' is the inverse of 'causesAilment'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AilmentType :AilmentCondition ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organism :OrganismType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :causesAilment . :isCausedByPathogen a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isCausedByPathogen' is the inverse of 'causesInfectiousDisease'. """ ; rdfs:domain :InfectionType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:OrganismType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :causesInfectiousDisease . :isCelebratedOn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Relates an AnniversaryDay to the DayOfTheYear on which the Anniversary is celebrated. Some AnniversaryDays have nominal days on which the Event is celebrated, when the actual data of the Event is not known for sure. An example is Christmas.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnniversaryDay :DayType ) ] ; rdfs:range :DayOfTheYear . :isChangedByEvent :en "is changed by", "was changed by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BecomingEvent :FunctionalProcess :ProcessType :Event :EventType ) ] . :isChemicallyBondedTo a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isChemicallyBondedTo' is a specialized relation used to represent bonding relations in a molecule. This general relation includes both covalent and non-covalent bonds; in the latter case, the bond may be ionic or Van der Waals forces.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isConnectedToDirectly . :isCollectedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :collects . :isCommemoratedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :commemorates . :isCommonlyUsedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :typicallyUsesDevice . :isCompletelySurrounded3DBy :en "is completely surrounded by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :surroundsCompletely . :isCompletelySurroundedBy-2D :en "is surrounded by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :surrounds-2D . :isConnectedByaFlexibleConnector :guid "c1373ea1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isConnectedByFlexibleConnector'' specifies that the *subj and *obj are connected and thus constrained to each other by a connector that itself can flex, as a rope or strap. CYC ('connectedViaFlexibleConnector'): (connectedViaFlexibleConnector OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are connected via a connector which is flexable. OBJ1 and OBJ2 can move relative to each other due to deformation of the connector. This predicate is a specialization of #$connectedTo-SemiRigidly and a generalization of #$flapHingedTo. Positive exemplars are two objects conected by Velcro (tm), the #$GallBladder's connection to the #$Liver, or the front cover of a #$Book's connection to that book's spine. Negative examples include a hypodermic needle's connection to the IV tube (the tube is flexible, not the connection), a door's connection to the door #$Frame (parts of the hinge rotate relative to other pars, but the hinge does not deform), and a #$Wheel's connection to an #$Axle (no deformation here, either). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isConnectedToSemiRigidly . :isConnectedTo :guid "bd590527-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the most general 'connected' relation, and can be used to specify relations on types ('the head bone is connected to he neck bone') or relations on instances. Cyc has many 'connected' predicates, most of which are subproperties of this relation. This is for Objects and ObjectTypes (physical or abstract). See also the relation 'isConnectedBy' that allows specifying the Connector that is used to create the connection. This can be used for physical connections, though it may be more approriate to use some subproperty of this such as ''isConnectedToDirectly''. In Cyc called 'connectedTo': Cyc: An instance of #$ConnectionPredicate. (#$connectedTo OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are (directly or indirectly) physically connected in a way that allows at most only limited types of relative motion between them. A hinged connection, for example, allows limited rotational motion between OBJ1 and OBJ2. In many cases, being #$connectedTo implicitly involves another object(s); e.g. a door is #$connectedTo a door frame by a hinge, which is itself #$connectedTo-Directly (q.v.) both the door and the frame.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] . :isConnectedToDirectly :guid "bdff049d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'connectedTo-Directly': (#$connectedTo-Directly OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are directly attached in a way that allows at most only certain types of relative motion between them. Adjacent links in a bicycle chain, for example, can only undergo limited rotational motion in relation to each other. OBJ1 and OBJ2 must both be #$SolidTangibleThings, must be directly touching each other, and their mutual connectedness must _not_ obtain merely in virtue of some third object's serving as a connector between them. For a generalization of this that does not imply a _direct_ connection between objects, see #$connectedTo (which is in effect the transitive closure of #$connectedTo-Directly) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isConnectedTo, :isNearTo . :isConnectedToLoopLike a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isConnectedToLoopLike'' specifies that the *subj is a ''ClosedLoopObject'' that connects to a *obj ''Physicalobject'' by having part of its loop either (1) threaded through at least one (possibly more) opening in the *obj; or (2) constrained to movie together with the *obj because it is looped around some part of the *obj from which it is kept from parting because the loop diameter is smaller than the the diameter of the part(s) acros which it mus move in order to disconect, (as with a bracelet or wristwatch) or is held by gravity and diameter contraints from fallng off (as with a long necklace). (a part of everyday ''Topology'') This is not symmetrical because only the *subj PhysicalObject needs to be looplike, and only the *subj needs to be threaded into the *obj, which can be of any shape. Thus a shoelace ''isConnectedToLoopLike'' a shoe, *if* it is tied,but if not tied will not be thus connected. The conection can but need not be symmetrical, as are the connections of a ''ChainLink'' to other ''ChainLink''s in a ''Chain''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isConnectedToSemiRigidly . :isConnectedToRigidly :guid "bd58a606-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'connectedTo-Rigidly' Cyc: (#$connectedTo-Rigidly OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are joined so that no relative motion between them can occur at the point of connection unless the connection is severed by breakage of some part of the connected objects or by disassembly of the connection. Further, no relative motion between the contact surfaces of OBJ1 nor OBJ2 may occur. Thus, if a nail is rigidly connected to a board, the only way for that relationship to no longer hold is if the nail is pulled out of the hole (e.g. by a hammer or crowbar) or if the nail or board is broken in a critical location. Note that (#$connectedTo-Rigidly OBJ1 OBJ2) does admit cases in which OBJ1 or OBJ2 undergo plastic deformation. For example, consider the case of a disc rigidly connected via glue (see #$gluedTo) to a rubber sheet. The rubber sheet and disc may undergo significant relative motion. Both of the connected objects are solid.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isConnectedToDirectly . :isConnectedToSemiRigidly :guid "c1007845-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'connectedTo-SemiRigidly' Cyc: A #$ConnectionPredicate and thus a specialization of #$connectedTo. (#$connectedTo-SemiRigidly OBJ1 OBJ2) means that there is a physical connection between OBJ1 and OBJ2 that is flexibile enough to permit limited (and only limited) movement of OBJ1 and/or OBJ2 around the point of connection. Positive examples include a front cover hinged to the spine of a book (see #$flapHingedTo) and the gall bladder's attachment to the liver. Negative examples include a wheel's connection to its axle and a door hinged to a door frame; in both cases the freedom of movement derives from geometrical or mechanical properties of the objects and their connectors, rather than from the flexibity of the connected objects. Note that all flexible connections place some limit on the freedom of relative motion they allow. An extreme example (in the more free direction) is the connection between the propeller and fuselage of a rubberband-powered toy airplane.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isConnectedTo, :isNearTo . :isConsumedInEvent :guid "bfc98932-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hadConsumedObject'. Cyc: (#$consumedObject EVENT THING) means that the entirety of THING is consumed during EVENT.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :isContainedIn :en "bears", "carries", "contains", "has", "holds" ; :ldoce "contain", "contents", "in", "inside" ; :wnsense "bear7v", "carry6v", "comprise2v", "contain1v", "contain2v", "contents1n", "hold9v", "inside2adv" ; :wordnet "bear", "carry", "comprise", "contain", "contents", "hold", "inside" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isContainedIn' is the inverse of 'contains' and expresses a very general notion of some physical entity or region being 'contained' in some way in something else. This does not apply to abstract entities - see 'isContainedInObject'. Although this relation implies for physical objects that the contained thing 'isLocatedAtOrOn' the containing thing, this cannot be a subproperty because substances are included in this relation, and location is not relevant in that case. This generic relation as applied to PhysicalObjects (not to substances) only specifies that the thing contained is somewhere either (1) within the convex hull of the containing thing, or (2) piled on or resting in an open-top container, being held in place by the force of gravity. Things that are contained in a container must move in synchronization with the container when the container is moved. Thus a flower in a vase, that extends above the top of the vase, 'isContainedIn' the vase. NOTE: the case of something that is partly in an object, extending beyond the limits of the object, but held to the object by some topological constraint is not included in this relation. That relation would be subsumed by 'isConnectedTo'. Includes to verb senses 1 and 2 of 'contain' in WordNet, except for the abstract notion of 'contain' (texts containing other texts or ideas); also, the range will satisfy the meaning of the word 'contents', which is part of sense 1 of 'content' in WordNet, also expressed by the preposition 'in', but requiring some verbal connector in WordNet: 1. (119) incorporate, contain, comprise - (include or contain; have as a component; 'A totally new idea is comprised in this paper'; 'The record contains many old songs from the 1930's') 2. (39) hold, bear, carry, contain - (contain or hold; have within; 'The jar carries wine'; 'The canteen holds fresh water'; 'This can contains water') WN noun 'content': 1. (12) content - (everything that is included in a collection; 'he emptied the contents of his pockets'; 'the two groups were similar in content') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :PhysicalObject :GenericSubstance :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GroupType :ObjectType :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :PhysicalObject :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GenericContainer :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType :ObjectType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isInsideOf ; owl:inverseOf :contains . :isContainedInObject a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """isContainedInObject specifies that some ''SymbolicObject'' or ''AbstractSymbolicObject'' (such as a string, sentence, paragraph, or list) is contained in some other Object (such as a document). This relation is transitive. This is the inverse of 'containsSymbolicObject'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractSymbolicObject :SymbolicObject :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractSymbolicObject :SymbolicObject :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPartOf ; owl:inverseOf :containsSymbolicObject . :isControlledBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """To specify that some entity 'isControlledBy' some agent does not mean that it is controlled only by that agent; this is suggestive of what may control something. @ToDo: NOTE: the degree and type of control is vague, and needs more elaboration for the various uses. """ ; owl:inverseOf :controls . :isCorrelatedWith a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isCorrelatedWith'' points from one type of ''Event'' to another type of ''Event'' and indicates that there is a statistically significant correlation betwee the two types of Event. This is broadly applicable. """ ; rdfs:domain :EventType ; rdfs:range :EventType . :isCreatedByAgentType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isCreatedByAgentType' relates an ObjectType (concrete or abstract) to the type of Agent who *typically* creates or is capable of creating such things. The Agent may be a Group, and there may be more than one value for this relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :AgentType :IntelligentAgent :Group ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :canCreate . :isCreatedByArtifact a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isCreatedByArtifact' relates an Object, SubstanceType, or ObjectType (concrete or abstract) to the type of ArtifactObject that does create, has created, or *typically* is used to create, or is capable of creating such things. An Object that is pointed to by this relation can be inferred to have the 'Capability' of creating such objects. This can be used to refer to types of manufacturing plants that produce obejcts of a particular type. For example, that gasoline is created by an oil refinery. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :DeviceType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :createsObject . :isCreatedByDeviceType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isCreatedByDeviceType' relates an ObjectType (concrete or abstract) to the type of Device that *typically* is used to create, or is capable of creating such things. A Device that is pointed to by this relation can be inferred to have the 'Capability' of creating such objects. This can be used to refer to Devices use in manufacturing processes. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :DeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isCreatedByArtifact . :isCreatedOrEntailedBy a owl:ObjectProperty . :isCrossedBy a owl:ObjectProperty . :isDecreasedByEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DecreaseEvent :EventType ) ] . :isDeficientIn :en "has fewer than normal", "has less than expected", "has less than normal", "is deficient in", "lacks" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDeficientIn' expresses the notion that an entity or type of entity has few or little of something (objects, substance) that would be expected of something in that context. Something one might expect to be there is missing or sparse. If something has *none* of an object or substance use ''lacks''. ??Converse: 'hasAnExcessOf'?? This is used to represent a ''Clearing'' in a ''WoodedArea'', but should be more widely applicable., as in clinical situations for substances of lower than normal concentration. """ . :isDefinedByString a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isDefinedByText a WordString to another AbstractString which describes or defines the meaning of the WordString.""" ; rdfs:domain :AbstractString ; rdfs:range :AbstractString . :isDefinedInContext a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This is a broad relation that allows specifying the Context in which some Assertion or Specification or Rule applies or is significant or salient. This relation has no domain or range restrictions, and has only tenuous semantic content, with no obvious logical inferences other than that the context specified is in some way more closelt assocated with the subject than contexts not specified. """ . :isDepictedByImagePart a owl:ObjectProperty . :isDerivedFrom :guid "bd589599-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: The range is Object or ObjectType; for derivation of substances from other substances, see ''isPreparedFromSubstance''. NOTE: use of the relation ''isDerivedFrom'' does not mean that something is *only* derived from the object of the relation, but that **one source** of the subject of the relation is the object of the relation. See also 'wasaPartOf' for parts that are not actually 'derived' from the parent object. ''isDerivedFrom'' relates certain substances or Objects (whether or not they are themselves naturally occurring) to the type of *object* from which they may be derived. 'Derived' in this sense means that **some effort** is expended on the part of an Agent to obtain the Object or Substance, beyond that of merely taking the thing from its source, or picking a fruit from a tree. Some form of processing of the starting material is implied, but that 'processing' can be a physiological process in a living organism, which would be represented by the subproperty ''isBiologicallyderivedFrom''. For things that can be 'obtained' 'as is' from objects or places use 'isObtainedFrom'. This is usually used for producing stuff from natural sources, but this is the most general 'derived from' relation and can be used for any method of 'deriving'. Oil can be derived from a geological reservoir (by drilling and pumping), or from an oil well; a diamond can be obtained from a Diamond mine (by digging). For Objects or Substances that are produced naturally by a natural process (or an organism), and especially to refer to things (e.g. bone, secretory substances) that are still in situ, use the subtypes ''isProducedNaturallyBy'' (including any natural process) or ''isBiologicallyderivedFrom'' (for things produced by organisms). Fruits are related by the specialized relation ''isTheFruitOfa'' (PlantType). See also ''isSecretedBy'' For **substances** derived by chemical processing other substances, use ''isPreparedFromSubstance'' if the starting material was natural, the product would be a ''ProcessedNaturalSubstance''. For objects that are derived from larger objects, use 'isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf', as in 'Fruit' from a 'Plant'. CYC: Property 'derivedFrom' serves some of the same function: CYC: (#$derivedFrom PRODUCT MATERIAL) means that PRODUCT has been made from MATERIAL by an irreversible process; e.g., an element of #$Table-PieceOfFurniture may have been #$derivedFrom an instance of #$MapleTree. Note that #$derivedFrom is NOT transitive: A particular Door121 may be derived from OakTree53, SandMob442, and several other things. Subsequently, someone may break down the door and make Mallet0234 out of some of the wood and a WindowPane120825 out of some (or all) of the glass. Both Mallet0234 and WindowPane120825 are #$derivedFrom Door121, but Mallet0234 is not #$derivedFrom SandMob442, nor is WindowPane120825 #$derivedFrom OakTree53. CYC parent properties: subPropertyOf rdf:resource=\"#comesFrom-Generic subPropertyOf rdf:resource=\"#conceptuallyRelated subPropertyOf rdf:resource=\"#endsAfterEndingOf subPropertyOf rdf:resource=\"#startsAfterStartingOf """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :canBeProcessedToProduce . :isDescendedFrom :en "is descended from" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ ''isDescendedFrom'' relates one Person (a ''Descendant'') to another Person (an ''Ancestor'') who is earlier than the Descendant at any point in the blood line of the ''Descendant''. """ ; rdfs:domain :Descendant ; rdfs:range :Ancestor ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasRelative ; owl:inverseOf :isAnAncestorOf . :isDescribedByBLOBatURL a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isDescribedByBLOBatURL is the relation that points from any describable or picturable thing (which means, anything at all), to an electronic file (any text, image, table, or structured file, i.e. a 'binary large object' - BLOB) that provides some kind of information, primarily about the thing that is referenced. The represented object may be anything, abstract or concrete, including linguisitic symbols discussed **per se**. To point to an image file, use the more specific 'isRepresentedByImageAtURL'. If it is unnecessary and inconvenient to create a reified URL, the datatype relation 'hasURL' can be used for simplicity. This reference captures some of the intention of the notion of pointing to a 'occurrence' that is used in the Topic Map paradigm, to restrict the meaning of a symbol. But the resrouce pointed to should be some electronic file that is acessible somewhere, by default accessible to the system using the ontology, though not necessarily always accessible to every computer user. NOTE that the existence of a URL in itself does not guarantee that there is actually any file available by accessing that location, let alone guarantee what the content of the file is. A URL may just be used as a unique identifier, without any physical location existing that corresponds to the address. **BUT** when the relation 'isDescribedByBLOBatURL' is used, that *does* mean that there is actually an addressable physical file (or part of a file) at that location. The absence of such a file would mean that the relation is false. **HOWEVER**, the existence of the file at a particular location does not mean that the file can be retrieved at any given time (system may be down) or by just any person (permissions may be restricted) """ ; rdfs:range :UniversalResourceLocator ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasRepresentation . :isDescribedByMathematicalRepresentation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDescribedByMathematicalRepresentation' relates a 'LawOfNature' or 'QuantitativeTendency' to a 'MathematicalRepresentation' (a Group of one or more 'Equation's) that expresses mathematically the law or tendency. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LawOfNature :QuantitativeTendency ) ] ; rdfs:range :MathematicalRepresentation . :isDesignedAsPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isDesignedAsPartOf'' is a subproperty of ''isDesignedToAttachTo'', relating some ''ArtifactObject'' or ''ArtifactObjectType'' to a larger ''ArtifactObject'' of which it is designed to be part. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectGroup :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDesignedToAttachTo . :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce :en "is designed to achieve", "is designed to produce", "is intended to achieve" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce' relates a Method or Device to the state it is intended to cause, or the Object (Physical or abstract) it is intended to produce. Related: produces produced typicallyProduces naturallyProduces isDesignedToProduce isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce The inverses are: 'mayBeAchievedByMethod' and 'mayBeProducedByMethod'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpecificationType :DeviceType :Method :Device ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :Event :EventType :ObjectType :Object ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeAchievedByMethod, :mayBeProducedByMethod . :isDesignedToAttachTo :en "attaches to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isDesignedToAttachTo'' relates some ArtifactObject or ''ArtifactObjectType'' to the thing(s) it was designed by Agents to attach to or be attached to. This is a specialized relation that permits specifying some detail of the structure of artifacts and how they are used. The thing it is attached to does not have to be an artifact. NOTE that this is not a one-valued relation, and artifacts that are designed to attach to more than one type of Object can be related to those Objects individually, and the interpretation will be that objects of the relation are in a 'and/or' relation. ?? expand this for things designed by evolution to connect?? One example is a ''Cufflink'' that is designed to be attach to a ''Cuff'' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDesignedToTouch . :isDesignedToBeHeldBy :en "is held by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isDesignedToBeHeldBy'' relates some ArtifactObject or ''ArtifactObjectType'' to one or more thing(s) it was designed by Agents to be held by. The holding thing does not have to be a ''Holder'' or other artifact, it could be a hand or tree or any other Object. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] . :isDesignedToBeSuspendedFrom :en "is suspended from" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isDesignedToBeSuspendedFrom'' relates some ArtifactObject or ''ArtifactObjectType'' to one or more thing(s) it was designed by Agents to be suspended from. This is a specialized relation that permits specifying some detail of the functioning of artifacts and how they are used. The thing it is suspended from to does not have to be an artifact. This was added to describe a ''Hammock''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDesignedToAttachTo, :isDesignedToBeHeldBy . :isDesignedToBeUsedBy :en "is designed to be used by a", "is designed to be used in a" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDesignedToBeUsedBy' relates a PhysicalObject or ObjectType to some Object or Agent (or types of those) that can use the *subject PhysicalObject (the subject of the relation) to achieve some benefit.. The thing that 'designed' the useful PhysicalObject can be a ''IntentionalAgent'' or the evolutionary process (''BiologicalEvolution''viewed as an instance of ''AgentType''). This can be used for things that are typically used *in* a specific location, so in that usage it can be represented linguistically as 'is designed to be used in a' This will usually be used to relate ArtifactObjects or substances to the type of Agent that is expected to use it, but this can also be used to relate an instance of 'bespoke' article of clothing (or other object) to the individual it was created for. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :PhysicalObject :AgentType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] . :isDesignedToBeUsedInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDesignedToBeUsedInAction' relates an 'Artifact' or substance physical or abstract, to some Action in which it is intended to be used. This is used when the artifact cannot be considered as an 'instrument', so that the use of the relation 'isUsedAsInstrumentInAction'' would not be appropriate. NOTE that an ''ArtificialSubstance'' can also be designed for a particular purpose, such as a ''Synergist''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :Event :EventType :ProcessType ) ] . :isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDesignedToBeUsedInLocation' relates an 'Artifact' or substance physical or abstract, to some Location (type) in which it is intended to be used, thuog it may be used elsewhere.. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :ArtifactObject :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] . :isDesignedToBeWornOnOrBy :en "is designed to be worn on or in" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Specifies the body part on (or in or around) which a ''SomethingToWear'' is intended to be worn, or to specify a type of Person for whom the object is designed. @ToDoProp: This can distinguished for objects intended to be worn *around* a BodyPart, succ as around the neck or around the waist. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :SomethingToWear ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnimalBodyPartType :AnimalBodyPart :Animal :PersonType ) ] . :isDesignedToCarry a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isDesignedToCarry'' ContainerType or individual Container to some objects or object type that the container was designed to hold (by Agents or by evolution). Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'contain' in WordNet: 1. (119) incorporate, contain, comprise - (include or contain; have as a component; 'A totally new idea is comprised in this paper'; 'The record contains many old songs from the 1930's') 2. (39) hold, bear, carry, contain - (contain or hold; have within; 'The jar carries wine'; 'The canteen holds fresh water'; 'This can contains water') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :TransportationDevice :ContainerType :Container :StorageConstruct ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDesignedToContain . :isDesignedToConnect :en "connects" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isDesignedToConnect'' is a subproperty of ''isDesignedToAttachTo'', relating some ''Connector'' or ''ArtifactObjectType'' to a Group of Objects that can be connected by the ''Connector''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :Connector :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectGroup :PhysicalObjectType :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :connects, :isDesignedToAttachTo ; owl:inverseOf :canBeConnectedWith . :isDesignedToContain :en "contains", "holds" ; :ldoce "contain" ; :wnsense "contain1v", "contain2v", "hold8v" ; :wordnet "contain", "hold" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isDesignedToContain'' relates some *physical* ContainerType or individual Container or other ArtifactObject to some other objects or object type that the container was designed to hold (by Agents or by evolution). Note that 'designed' could be by Evolution, so this can apply to parts of Organisms. This relation could be thought of as 'mayContain', but almost any object with internal space 'may contain' a wide variety of objects, so this is more specific for artifacts (not just 'containers') that are *intended* to old certain types of things. For example a ''BatteryPoweredDevice'' ''isDesignedToContain'' a battery, though that is not its design function, that is useful or necessary but still incidental to the actual design function. The notion of 'contain' here is broad, as the containing thing need not entirely encompass the thing contained - a vase or NapkinRing (a subtype of ''Holder'') that only holds or partly surrounds the contained object qualifies. More specific 'containment' relations can be secified as needed. (see ''surrounds-3D''). Perhaps 'isDsignedToHold' for objects that hold but do not actually 'contain' the thing held? For containers that are designed to be held or supported by a person's (or pack animal's) body, or otherwise transported, as in a vehicle, use ''isDesignedToCarry''. That container must be a ''PortableObject''. NOTE: 'PhysicalObjectType' was added to the Domain so that Objects that are not formally 'Container's but are intended to contain things (e.g. ParkingLot's or Gravesites) can be linked to their contents. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'contain' in WordNet: 2. (39) hold, bear, carry, contain - (contain or hold; have within; 'The jar carries wine'; 'The canteen holds fresh water'; 'This can contains water') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :HolderType :Container :OrganismPart :Holder :StorageConstruct :Opening ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDesignedToHold . :isDesignedToCover a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """For Covering-Object and ''CoatingMaterial'' and their subtypes, this specifies what the Covering is intended to cover (normally) when it is in its intended place. 'Intended' is meant broadly, meaning human intention, or some evolutionary functional development. See, e.g. ''TreeBark''. The 'covering' effect does not have to be complete, this can be used for objects that partly cover (in some manner) other objects.This can also be used for ''CoatingMaterial''s that have some one or a few primary or typical targets that are covered by a surface material. (See 'Browliner' for this type). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CoveringType :Covering-Object :CoatingMaterial ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalFeatureType :PhysicalObjectType :CoverableObjectType :SurfaceObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] . :isDesignedToDispense a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDesignedToDispense' specifies The objects or substances that are expected to be dispensed by a Source or Container. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Source :ArtifactObject :ObjectType :Object :ContainerType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :GenericSubstance :Object :EnergyType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaSourceOf . :isDesignedToHold a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isDesignedToHold'' relates some HolderType or individual ''Holder'' (or ''Artifact-Generic''s that can serve to hold something) to some objects or object type that the Holder was designed to hold (by Agents or by evolution). 'Holding'' is related to 'containing' but even for static artifacts there is an intuitive difference that can have borderline cases. A flat plate (like a bricklayer's hod or an artists ''Palette'') is not a ''Container'' but it can 'hold' things on top of it. To 'hold' in this sense does not require that the held object(s) cannot move; the held object may rotate or mov rectilinarly, as a Piston in a PistonChamber, but the Holder must significantly constrain the motion (if any). @TooDo: Perhaps a parent relation 'isDsignedToConstrainTheMotionOf' would be useful?? See also ''HavingRoomForSomething'' to relate the holder. NOTE that a ''ButtonHole'' 'holds' a ''Button'' even though only the thread is within the ''ButtonHole'' when it is buttoned.. 'hold' can include 'contain' but there may be a borderline cases where the degree of envelopment of an Object by a is almost complete and either notion might be used, For containers that are designed to be held or supported by a person's (or pack animal's) body, or otherwise transported, as in a vehicle, use ''isDesignedToCarry''. That container must be a ''PortableObject''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :HolderType :Container :Holder :StorageConstruct :Opening :Hole :Artifact-Generic ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] . :isDesignedToProduce a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDesignedToProduce' relates an ''ArtifactObjectType'' to some Event or Object that it has been designed to produce or create. Can be used for things that produce ''Event''s like ''Music''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :Event :EventType :ObjectType :Object ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isProducedByObject . :isDesignedToSupport a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isDesignedToSupport relates some SupportingObject or object type to the thing(s) it was designed (by Agents or by evolution) to support. A supportingObject can be uniquely designed to support some individual object (as a pedestal for a statue, or a ''Candlestick'' for a ''Candle''). NOTE that some thing that ''isDesignedToSupport'' an object may actually be a piece of that object, as a ''FurnitureLeg''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SupportingObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDesignedToTouch . :isDesignedToTouch a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """For ''ArtifactObject''s that are intended when used to touch some type or types of 'PhysicalObject''s """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] . :isDesignedToTransport a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isDesignedToTransport relates a type of TransportationDevice to the type of object it is designed to transport.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TransportationDevice :TransportationDeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :canBeTransportedIn . :isDesignedToTreatAilment a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDesignedToTreatAilment' specifies the type(s) of AilmentCondition that a DrugProduct is designed by its maker to treat, *or* for a ''TherapeuticProcess'' that is expected to have some curative effect. This relation should not be used to point to conditions that a drug is used for inappropriately - without some prior testing and verification that it actually is useful for that condition. This relation should not point from , e.g. Laetrile, to Cancer, because it is not known to be effective for that condition.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DrugProduct :MedicalRemedy :PhysicalObjectType :DrugSubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AilmentCondition :AilmentType ) ] . :isDesiredBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isDesiredBy relates a 'DesiredFutureSituation' to the 'IntentionalAgent' that wants to see it happen,or some ''IntentionalAgent'' that desires some Object,. The 'IntentionalAgent' need not itself intend to act so as to make it happen. In ''FechingSomething'' the Object (thing fetched) might be wanted by someone other than the one doing the fetching. Perhaps ''FutureSituationType'' should be added to domain? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DesiredFutureSituation :Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :IntentionalAgent ; owl:inverseOf :desiresSituation . :isDesiredIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isDesiredIn relates a or Goal or Plan or Rule or communication to the future situation that the agent with the Goal (or who created the Rule or Communication) wants to make happen; it can also be used to relate a ''DesiredObject '' to the Desire that is directed toward it.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DesiredFutureSituation :DesiredObject :PlannedAction ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Goal :GoalType :Plan :Rule :Desire :Communication :Proviso ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasDesiredSituation . :isDirectedToward a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDirectedToward' relates a DirectedFeeling or ''BehaviorTowardOthers'' to the thing that the Feeling or Behavior is directed at. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BehaviorTowardOthers :DirectedFeeling :Perceiving-Voluntary ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :refersToExternalEntity . :isDirectlyAbove :guid "bd58fbde-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "above" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: (some part) of one of the objects or regions is directly above or below (some part of) the other object or region. More directly above than just 'isAbove'. NOTE a slight variation from Cyc usage: this relation will be used to relate bridges to the rivers or canyons they span, and it may be the case that the volumetric center of a bridge is not exactly above some part of the river, though it should be in most cases. In the case of a bridge, he part of the river that it is above will almost always be a very small part of the river. In Cyc called 'above-Directly' Cyc: (#$above-Directly ABOVE BELOW) means either that (1) the volumetric center of ABOVE is directly above some point of BELOW, if ABOVE is smaller than BELOW; or that (2) some point of ABOVE is directly above the volumetric center of BELOW, if ABOVE is larger than, or equal in size to, BELOW.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isAbove . :isDirectlyBehind :guid "bd58b3c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "behind" ; :wnsense "behind1adv" ; :wordnet "behind" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'behind-Directly'. COSMO NOTE: this can be used for some object that is part of a ''FrontAndBackSidedObject'' and is at or attached to the back side. Cyc: An instance of #$SpatialPredicate. (#$behind-Directly AFT FORE) means that AFT is directly behind tangible object FORE. More precisely, it implies both (#$behind-Generally AFT FORE) and that there is at least one line parallel to the backward pointing axis of FORE that intersects both AFT and FORE. Note that FORE must have a back side. AFT may be intangible, such as an image projected behind an actor on a stage. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'behind' in WordNet: 1. (13) behind - (in or to or toward the rear; 'he followed behind'; 'seen from behind, the house is more imposing than it is from the front'; 'the final runners were far behind') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isBehind . :isDirectlyBelow :ldoce "below" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: (some part) of one of the objects or regions is directly above or below (some part of) the other object or region. More directly above than just 'isAbove'. NOTE a slight variation from Cyc usage: this relation will be used to relate bridges to the rivers or canyons they span, and it may be the case that the volumetric center of a bridge is not exactly above some part of the river, though it should be in most cases. In the case of a bridge, he part of the river that it is above will almost always be a very small part of the river. NOTE for rev1573: this sense of 'below' is also used for physical text or marks on a page of text, thus interpreting the page of text as an object oriented with the 'top' directly above the 'bottom. This could be made more explicit with a special ObjectProperty for 'above' and 'below' relations. In Cyc called 'above-Directly' Cyc: (#$above-Directly ABOVE BELOW) means either that (1) the volumetric center of ABOVE is directly above some point of BELOW, if ABOVE is smaller than BELOW; or that (2) some point of ABOVE is directly above the volumetric center of BELOW, if ABOVE is larger than, or equal in size to, BELOW.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isBelow . :isDirectlyInFrontOf :guid "bd59091d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called 'inFrontOf-Directly': Cyc: An instance of #$RelativeLocationalPredicate. (#$inFrontOf-Directly FORE AFT) means that the #$SpatialThing-Localized FORE is directly in front of the #$PartiallyTangible AFT. More precisely, (#$inFrontOf-Directly FORE AFT) implies both (#$inFrontOf-Generally FORE AFT), and that there is at least one line parallel to the forward pointing axis of AFT that intersects both FORE and AFT. Note that FORE may be an intangible thing, such as an image projected onto a screen.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isInFrontOf . :isDueToThePresenceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The relation 'isDueToThePresenceOf' specifies that the presence of some Object in some situation causes (in an unspecified way) some Event (including PersistentStates). This relation is used to represent the meaning of 'cause'or 'due to' when the formal 'cause' is a Presence (a StaticSituation) of some Object. In COSMO, other 'cause' relations relate an Event to its Effect, but this relation is a shortcut in which the Object specified as the object of the relation stands for the Presence of that Object. Thus this relation is just a shorthand way to avoid specifying the intermediate 'Presence' when that is the formal cause. This relation can be used to describe situations such as 'He couldn't fit into the car because of his height'; 'the picture made her feel a sense of calm' (i.e. viewing the picture made her feel a sense of calm'); 'he sat in the shade of an oak tree'(the shade was caused by the oak tree). NOTE added rev1261 20171119 added 'AttributeTypeType' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Attribute :Event :FunctionalProcess :Difference :QualitativeAttributeType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :MassMeasure :Obligation :ObligationType :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :presenceCauses . :isEatenInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Specialized for Foods and Food types that are typically eaten in some type of Eating Event. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FoodType :FoodObject :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EatingEvent :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isConsumedInEvent . :isEmittedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :canEmit . :isEmployedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :OccupationalRoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasEmployee . :isEnabledOrAssistedBy :en "is enabled by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :enablesOrAssists . :isEquivalentTo :ldoce "equal" ; :wnsense "equal1v" ; :wordnet "equal" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isEquivalentTo' relates two quantities that are in some sense equivalent, such as 1000 millimeters isEquivalentTo 1 meter, or 1.34 dollars isEquivalentTo 1 euro (in 2011). To relate one UnitOfmeasure to another, the first Quantity could be, e.g. 'OneFoot' and the second 'TwelveInches', each appropriately defined with unit and quantifier. This is not the mathematical 'equals', for which use 'equals'. For identity of individuals, use 'isIdenticalTo' See also the QualitativeAttributeValue 'Equal'. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'equal' in WordNet: 1. (16) equal, be - (be identical or equivalent to; One dollar equals 1,000 rubles these days!) """ ; rdfs:domain :Quantity ; rdfs:range :Quantity . :isEstablishedByRuleOrCondition a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isEstablishedByRuleOrCondition' relates an instance or type of Limitation to the Rule (which could be a LawOfNature, or something imposed) that causes the limitation., """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Limitation :LimitationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Rule :PropositionType :PersistentState :EventType ) ] . :isEvenlyDivisibleBy a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isEvenlyDivisibleBy' relates numbers such that the first can be divided by the second with no remainder. This is not restricted to integers. Thus, 1.5 isEvenlyDivisibleBy 05. """ ; rdfs:domain :Number ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :isEvidenceFor :en "indicates", "is evidence for", "suggests" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isEvidenceFor'' relates an observation, assertion, or the presence of some physical object(s) to some Fact for which it can be considered as 'evidence' in the legal or common-sense meaning. This can be anything that """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Assertion :Observation :Event :SignType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Fact :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaSignOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasEvidence . :isFalseInTimeInterval a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isFalseInTimeInterval' relates a Proposition to some TimeInterval during which the Proposition is known or believed to be False. For assertion of truth, use 'holdsInTImeInterval'.""" ; rdfs:domain :Proposition ; rdfs:range :TimeInterval . :isFasterThan a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A relation on types of Event that expresses the notion that one type of Event will accomplish the same goal more slowly than a different type of Event. This is for the occasional case where the speed of an Action is implied in the word used to label the action, as 'walking is slower than running'.""" ; rdfs:domain :EventType ; rdfs:range :EventType ; owl:inverseOf :isSlowerThan . :isFavorableTo :ldoce "favorable" ; :wnsense "favorable2adj", "favorable3adj", "favorable5adj", "favourable2adj", "favourable3adj", "favourable4adj" ; :wordnet "favorable", "favourable" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isFavorableTo' relates a Situation or type of Event to some other FutureSituation or EventType that can be more easily accomplished or brought about than if the current Situation were different. This represents part of the common senses of the word 'favorable'. Though 'favorable' is an adjective, using this relation in effect attributes that adjective to the subject of the relation. @ToDo: needs to be axoimatized for FOL versions. NOTE that the subject of this relation is some situation or Event type, **not** a resource, object, or substance. For the case where some resource, object, or substance assists in performing some actions use 'enablesOrAssists', or some specialized subrelation This is not in itself an Attribute, but when an assertion is made that some situation is favorable for accomlishing something, (isFavorableTo X) that assertion is equivalent to a single-place predicate asserting 'favorableToX' of the subject situation. Thus such an Assertion is equivalent to asserting an Attribute of the subject situation. This corresponds approximately to adjective senses 2, 3, and 5 of 'favorable' in Wordnet, , but includes a broader sense of what things can be favorable - not just winds or time. in WordNet: 2. (1) favorable, favourable - ((of winds or weather) tending to promote or facilitate; 'the days were fair and the winds were favorable') 3. (1) favorable, well-disposed - (favorably disposed; not antagonistic; 'a government favorable to our interests') 4. (1) golden, favorable, favourable, lucky, prosperous - (favoring or bringing good luck; 'a favorable time to ask for a raise'; 'lucky stars'; 'a prosperous moment to make a decision') 5. favorable, favourable - (occurring at a convenient or suitable time; 'an opportune time to receive guests') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationProcessEventOrState :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FutureSituation :EventType :FutureSituationType ) ] . :isFlexiblySuspendedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isFlexiblySuspendedFrom' relates some SolidObject in a gravitational field to another SolidObject that provides support, and the object supported is hanging below the object supporting, in such as way that the supported object can move in some way, though perhaps constrained, including things that hangfrom one object and are resting against a lower object, such as neckwear. Objects like Pendulums and Swings are flexibly supported from their supporting objects but are otherwise not constrained. This might be distinguishable into subproperties to represent the nuances. """ ; rdfs:domain :SolidObject ; rdfs:range :SolidObject ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isSuspendedFrom . :isFloatingOn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isFloatingOn' relates an Object (which can be a LiquidObject) to some LiquidObject on which the subject is floating. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :LiquidObject :LiquidObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isSupportedBy . :isForTheUseOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isForTheUseOf' is a relation used to specify that a particular Object or Substance is intended to be used primarily by some class of Objects, usually Agents. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :GenericAgent :Group :ObjectType ) ] . :isGolden :ldoce "gold", "golden" ; :wnsense "gold1adj", "golden3adj" ; :wordnet "gold", "golden" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Used to represent the term 'golden' or 'gold' (as in 'gold jewelry'), meaning 'composed of gold' (enough to be called 'gold'). However, the range 'GoldType' (A subclass of 'SubstanceType') includes 10 karat gold ('TenKaratGold') in the context of jewelry. Thus this is not a subProperty of 'hasMainComponentSubstance'. In an FOL representation, this might better be represented as a unary predicate. Similar to WN 'golden' adj sense 3 and 'gold' adj sense 1, but excluding the plated sense: in WordNet: 1. (2) gold, golden, gilded - (made from or covered with gold; 'gold coins'; 'the gold dome of the Capitol'; 'the golden calf'; 'gilded icons') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:range :GoldType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasComponentSubstance . :isGoodFor :en "benefits" ; :wnsense "benefit2v" ; :wordnet "benefit" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isGoodFor' relates some ''GoodThing'' to the Thing(s) for whom it is ''Good''. This has approximately the same meaning as 'is beneficial to' and therefore can be considered as a form of the transitive verb 'benefit'. Usually the Thing is some Intentionalagent,but something can be good for the Environment,or a Biome, or for some generic purpose share by diverse groups of agents. So there is no restriction on the range. Corresponds to verb sense2 of 'benefit' in WordNet: 2. (8) benefit, do good - (be beneficial for; 'This will do you good') """ ; rdfs:domain :GoodThing . :isGovernedBy :FIBO "isGovernedBy" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is governed by" . :isGreaterThan :guid "bd5880b2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "more" ; :wnsense "greater1adj", "more1adj" ; :wordnet "greater", "more" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """A #$NumericComparisonPredicate that is a generalization of the mathematical greater-than ( > ) relation to #$ScalarIntervals (q.v.) of all sorts, including quantitative intervals (see #$NumericInterval and #$MeasurableQuantity) as well as point values (see #$ScalarPointValue). (#$greaterThan VALUE1 VALUE2); means that VALUE1; is greater than VALUE2; with respect to some scale that they are both on. More precisely, there is some #$TotallyOrderedScalarIntervalType SCALE that both VALUE1; and VALUE2; are instances of and either (i) SCALE; is a specialization of #$NumericInterval (e.g. #$RealNumber) and the minimum (see #$minQuantValue) of VALUE1; is greater than the maximum (see #$maxQuantValue) of VALUE2; or (ii) (#$followingValueOnScale VALUE2 VALUE1 SCALE); holds. Corresponds to part of WordNet 'greater' adjective sense 1: in WordNet: 1. (46) greater - (greater in size or importance or degree; 'for the greater good of the community'; 'the greater Antilles') WN adjective 'more': 1. (134) more, more than - ((comparative of 'much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree; 'more land'; 'more support'; 'more rain fell'; 'more than a gallon') 2. (68) more - ((comparative of 'many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number; 'a hall with more seats'; 'we have no more bananas'; 'more than one') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Quantity :AttributeComparison ) ] ; rdfs:range :Quantity ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isBiggerThan, :isGreaterThanOrEqualTo ; owl:inverseOf :isLessThan . :isGreaterThanOrEqualTo :guid "bd5880af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """A #$NumericComparisonPredicate (q.v.) that is a generalization of the mathematical greater-than-or equal-to (>=;) relation to #$ScalarIntervals (q.v.) of all sorts, including quantitative intervals (see #$NumericInterval and #$Quantity) as well as point values (see #$ScalarPointValue). (#$greaterThanOrEqualTo VALUE1 VALUE2) means that VALUE1 is greater than or equal to VALUE2 with respect to some scale that they are both on. More precisely, there is some #$TotallyOrderedScalarIntervalType SCALE; that both VALUE1; and VALUE2; are instances of and either (i) SCALE; is a specialization of #$NumericInterval (e.g. #$RealNumber) and the minimum (see #$minQuantValue) of VALUE1; is greater than or equal to the maximum (see #$maxQuantValue) of VALUE2;, (ii) (#$followingValueOnScale VALUE2 VALUE1 SCALE); holds, or (iii) (#$equals VALUE1 VALUE2); holds. See also #$greaterThan and #$lessThanOrEqualTo.""" . :isHadBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :has . :isHeavierThan :guid "12f70c40-1297-11d6-8000-0050dac4bdee" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """a comparison of mass values for physical objects. In Cyc this is called 'greaterMassThan'. This may also be expressed as: 'hasaGreaterMassThan' or 'weighsMoreThan' """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObject . :isHigherThan :guid "bf020f6c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "above", "over" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this relation means that the volumetric center of the subject is at a higher altitude (in some vertical frame) than the volumetiric center of the object. NOTE for rev1573: this sense of 'higher' is also used for physical text or marks on a page of text, thus interpreting the page of text as an object oriented with the 'top' directly above the 'bottom. This could be made more explicit with a special ObjectProperty for 'above' and 'below' relations. In Cyc called 'above-Higher': Cyc: (#$above-Higher HIGH-OBJ LOW-OBJ) means that HIGH-OBJ is at a greater altitude (from some common reference point) than LOW-OBJ. In terrestrial contexts (see #$TerrestrialFrameOfReferenceMt), (#$above-Higher HIGH-OBJ LOW-OBJ) typically means that HIGH-OBJ-A is at a greater altitude above sea level (see the predicate #$altitudeAboveSeaLevel) than LOW-OBJ.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] . :isHinderedBy a owl:ObjectProperty . :isIdenticalTo :en "is identical to" ; :ldoce "equal" ; :wnsense "equal1v" ; :wordnet "equal" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isIdenticalTo is a relation which means that two things are identical, i.e. the labels used to refer to the concepts both refer to the same concept, and either label can be substituted for the other in any assertion without changing the meaning. This is another form of synonymy, but applicable to concepts that are not subtypes of 'Synonym'. This is not the mathematical 'equals', for which use 'equals'. For equivalency of units or currencies, use 'isEquivalentTo' See also 'isAlmostTheSameAs' for quantities', and 'equals' for mathematical and logical equality, and the QualitativeAttributeValue 'Equal'. NOTE: for ''ConceptualWork''s, though they may have identical propsitional content, if they are created at different times r bydifferent people, they wll not be identical in COSMO in the sense of this relation. For abstract ''ConceptualWork''s having the same propositional content, use ''hasIdenticalContent''. This will apply to multiple copies of any document or book or audio or video. Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'equal' in WordNet: 1. (16) equal, be - (be identical or equivalent to; 'One dollar equals 1,000 rubles these days!') """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isSimilarTo . :isIdentifiedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """the relation 'isIdentifiedBy' is the inverse of 'identifies'. It relates an individual entity to some individual Identifier that is intended to identify it. """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Identifier :IdentificationMark :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :identifies . :isImmiscibleWith :ldoce "mix" ; :wnsense "mix1v" ; :wordnet "mix" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isImmiscibleWith' is a relatiely specialized chemical property, specifying that two liquid substances will form two separate phases of liquid when mixed in some proportion. Substances that are 'miscible' will not form two phases in any proportion. NOTE that his is actually applicable only to liquid substances, but it may be asserted of classes of compounds that have both solid and liquid subclasses, so long as all of the liquid subclasses have the specified property. This is related to solubility, but solubility has fine gradations, whereas miscibility/immiscibility is a binary classification. This is a relation on SubstanceTypes, not on individuals. Though seemingly specialized, this is needed to express notions such as 'oil and water don't mix'. This corresponds to part of the meaning of the intransitive correlate of verb sense 1 of 'mix' in WordNet: 1. (7) blend, flux, mix, conflate, commingle, immix, fuse, coalesce, meld, combine, merge - (mix together different elements; 'The colors blend well') """ ; rdfs:domain :ChemicalSubstanceType ; rdfs:range :ChemicalSubstanceType . :isInAccordanceWith :ldoce "accordance" ; :wnsense "conformity1n" ; :wordnet "conformity" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from an instance of Action or design to a Specification for acting, and indicates that the given Action conforms to the specification. This is very broad, and might be used to indicate that an action is legal (in accordance with a law), or that a performance (e.g. of a play or musical composition) conformed reasonably to the specified actions or musical notes specified. See also 'conformsTo' and 'isAnExecutioOf' - difference?? For Actions that are executions of a Procedure, this relation is more stringent than 'isanExecutionOf', in specifying that not only was the action executed according to a procedure, but that it was executed correctly, as specified (no variances or mistakes). English phrases; 'conforms with' or 'is in accordance with'. Note that 'according to' is represented by the relation: 'wasSupportedBy' - main Assertion or LInguisticAssertion. This corresponds to RHW sense 1 of 'accordance', but no WordNet synset with 'accordance' seems to include this sense; the closest is WordNet senses 1 and 2 of 'conformity'; in WordNet: 1. (2) conformity, conformance - (correspondence in form or appearance) 2. (2) conformity, conformation, compliance, abidance - (acting according to certain accepted standards; 'their financial statements are in conformity with generally accepted accounting practices') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range :Specification . :isInFrontOf :guid "bd5909a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "front" ; :wnsense "ahead1adj", "ahead1adv", "in front1adv" ; :wordnet "ahead", "in front" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In Cyc called: 'inFrontOf-Generally'. This is for stationary relation 'in front' for parts of a single (front and back-sided) object, as well as 'ahead of' for two objects moving along the same trajectory, or aligned in some way. Cyc: (#$inFrontOf-Generally FORE AFT) means that FORE is in front of the tangible object AFT. More precisely, the intrinsic back-to-front axis of AFT is within 45 degrees of some line intersecting both FORE and AFT. Note that FORE may be an intangible spatial object, such as an image projected onto a screen. Includes adverb sense 1 of 'in front' and sense 1 of 'ahead', and adjective sense 1 of 'ahead'in WordNet: 1. (34) ahead, in front, before - (at or in the front; 'I see the lights of a town ahead'; 'the road ahead is foggy'; 'staring straight ahead'; 'we couldn't see over the heads of the people in front'; 'with the cross of Jesus marching on before') WN adjective 'ahead': 1. (1) ahead, in the lead, leading - (having the leading position or higher score in a contest; 'he is ahead by a pawn'; 'the leading team in the pennant race') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isNearTo . :isInList a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isInList relates some 'Thing' to a List that contains some forof representation of that 'Thing' (usually a string of characters) as an element. NOTE that this relation allows anything at all to be related to the List as one of the ''ListElement''s, though formally the list elements should be a ''AbstractSymbolicObject''.This relation allows pointing to the Things that the ListElement *represents*, and can be viewed as a conflation of ''hasElement'' and 'representsThing' for each list element. SUMO (named 'inList' in SUMO): The analog of 'element' and 'instance' for Lists. (inList ?OBJ ?LIST) means that ?OBJ is in the List ?LIST. For example, (inList Tuesday (ListFn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would be true. """ ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range :List ; owl:inverseOf :hasListElement . :isInTheDirectionAwayFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isInTheDirectionAwayFrom' relates a Motion Event that is receding from a particular location (increasing the distance), to the GenericLocation that is the physical objective or location that the moving thing is receding from.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Motion :EventType ) ] . :isInTheDirectionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isInTheDirectionOf' relates a Motion Event that is in fact approaching a particular location, or is intended (by the agent doing the Motion) to eventually arrive at a particular location, or to be moving in some direction, to the GenericLocation that is the physical or mental objective of the Motion, or the ''DirectionMeasure'' characterizing the orientation of the Motion. For relating an animal's deliberate motion toward some place or object, use the subproperty 'hasDestination'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Motion :EventType ) ] . :isInTheMindOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isInTheMindOf' is the inverse of 'hasMentalObject'. NOTE that this relation 'isInTheMindOf' is a subproperty of 'wasCreatedBy': anything in an agent's mind must be created by that agent.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalObject :FeelingType ) ] ; rdfs:range :IntentionalAgent ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasCreatedBy . :isInTheVicinityOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isInTheVicinityOf'specifies that some GenericLocation (an Object or a Region) is in some sense 'near' to another, but not necessarily touching the other. 'near' is vaguer here than in the subrelation 'isNearTo', in that there is no quantitative limit on the distance; but to be 'isInTheVicinityOf' an object means that each object must be closer to the other than to a number of other objects that are in some specified or implied region.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType :Object :ObjectType :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :LocationMeasureType :LocationMeasure ) ] . :isIncreasedByEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IncreaseEvent :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :causesIncreaseIn . :isInitiatedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isCausedBy ; owl:inverseOf :initiatesState . :isInsideOf :ldoce "inside" ; :wnsense "inside2adv" ; :wordnet "inside" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isInsideOf' is a specialization of 'isLocatedAt' specifying that the subject is located within the Region defined by the outer limits of the containing Object or Region. This includes the notions of being a physical part of something, and being contained inside a container, as well as being within some spatial reagion. Those individual senses are subrelations of this relation. This relation also includes the sense of one substance being contained in another; even though that sense is already represented by 'hasComponentSubstance', the notion of 'inside' can include the notion of being part of a mixture, so it is included here as a way to relate these general notions. inside """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasReferenceLocation, :isLocatedAt . :isIntimateWith :en "is intimate with" ; :wnsense "intimate1adj" ; :wordnet "intimate" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isIntimateWith'' relates a ''Person'' to some other Person with whom s/he has an intimate relation (friendly in a very close and personal way). Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'intimate' (relating to interpersonal acquaintance) in WordNet: 1. (5) intimate - (marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity; 'intimate friend'; 'intimate relations between economics, politics, and legal principles' - V.L. Parrington) """ ; rdfs:domain :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:range :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaFriendOf . :isIntoInteriorOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isIntoInteriorOf' relates a Motion ( such as an ''Inserting'') action to the Object or Location *into which* the Motion is drected/ """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Motion :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :LocationType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isInTheDirectionOf . :isKnowledgeableAbout :en "is knowledgeable about" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isKnowledgeableAbout points from an IntelligentAgent (typically a person, but possibly an automaton) to a field of knowledge or some more specific propositions about which that agent has a substantially greater body of knowledge than the average person. The agent does nto have to be an expert in the field, but should have enough expertise to do productive work or study. Thus a Chemist is knowledgeable about chemistry, and a physician about medicine. In order to be knowledgeable about a topic, a person must have studied that topic. Observations gained from practical experience are a form of 'studying' for this purpose, if they are remembered and mentally organized. ##ToDo: This implication should be formalized. NOTE: see the attribute (adjective ) ''Knowledgeable'' for a way to describe the Person who is the agent (subject) of this relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :FictionalCharacter :OccupationalRoleType :PersonType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :Knowledge :TopicType :Occupation :OccupationType ) ] . :isKnownBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :Phrase :Knowledge :TopicType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :FictionalCharacter ) ] . :isLackedByAgentOfEvent a owl:ObjectProperty . :isLargerBy1000than a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isLargerBy1000than' is a temporary kludgy way to relate the standard multiples of UnitOfMeasure, Quantity, and UOMPrefix to the smaller preceding value. Needs something much more elegant.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UnitOfMeasure :Quantity :UOMPrefix :MeasureType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UnitOfMeasure :Quantity :UOMPrefix :MeasureType ) ] . :isLargerBy12than a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isLargerBy12than' is a temporary kludgy way to relate the standard multiples of UnitOfMeasure, Quantity, and UOMPrefix to the smaller preceding value (in this case, fett and inches). Needs something much more elegant.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UnitOfMeasure :Quantity :UOMPrefix :MeasureType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UnitOfMeasure :Quantity :UOMPrefix :MeasureType ) ] . a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isLargerBy453than'' is a specialized relation to express an inherently ternary relation in a kludgy way. The goal in this case is to say how many grams there are in a pound mass (453.6) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UnitOfMeasure :Quantity :UOMPrefix :MeasureType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UnitOfMeasure :Quantity :UOMPrefix :MeasureType ) ] . :isLargerBy8than a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isLargerBythan' is a temporary kludgy way to relate the standard multiples of UnitOfMeasure, Quantity, and UOMPrefix to the smaller preceding value (in this case, bytes and bits). Needs something much more elegant.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UnitOfMeasure :Quantity :UOMPrefix :MeasureType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UnitOfMeasure :Quantity :UOMPrefix :MeasureType ) ] . :isLargerThan a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """A relationship of size - meaning volume of the convex hull - between PhysicalObjects, or PhysicalObjectTypes, or Regions, or LocationTypes. This allows saying, e.g., 'this book is larger than that one', or 'New York State' is larger than New York City. IF FOL is used, a more general 'more than' relation could be defined, but it requires higher-arity relations to avoid clumsy work-arounds.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :LocationType :Object :Region :GenericLocation :CountryRegion ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :LocationType :Object :Region :GenericLocation :CountryRegion ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isBiggerThan ; owl:inverseOf :isSmallerThan . :isLargerThanBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isLargerThanBy' is a generic way to relate the magnitudes of commensurable units of measure (volume to volume, length to length, mass to mass, etc) that have different magnitudes. NOTE: see datatype property ''hasMultiplicativefactor'' created but not used. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:UnitOfMeasure :Quantity :UOMPrefix :MeasureType ) ] ; rdfs:range :UnitRatio ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :compactedRelation . :isLaterThanReferenceByYears a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isLaterThanReferenceByYears'' is a specialized relation to specify the number of years (can be fractional) that have elapsed between the implied refrence Event or TimeInterval and the subject Event or TimeInterval. The numerical value pointed to is the Nth anniversary of the original Day or event. This is needed for describing various 'anniversary' times or celebrations. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalLocation :TemporalLocationType :TimeIntervalType :DayType :Day ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :isLessIntenseThan a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isMoreIntenseThan . :isLessIntensiveThan a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Adverb :AdverbType :IntensiveAttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Adverb :AdverbType :IntensiveAttributeValueType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isMoreIntensiveThan . :isLessThan :guid "bd5880b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "less" ; :wnsense "less1adj" ; :wordnet "less" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the quantities related by this relation must be instances of types in the ontology, not datatype quantities. The inverse of 'isGreaterThan', for comparison of numerical quantities. Cyc: A #$NumericComparisonPredicate that is a generalization of the mathematical less-than ( < ) relation to #$ScalarIntervals (q.v.) of all sorts, including quantitative intervals as well as point values (see #$ScalarPointValue). (#$lessThan VALUE1 VALUE2) means that VALUE1 is less than VALUE2 with respect to some scale that they are both on. More precisely, there is some #$TotallyOrderedScalarIntervalType SCALE that both VALUE1 and VALUE2 are instances of and either (i) SCALE is a specialization of #$NumericValue (e.g. #$RealNumber) and the maximum (see #$maxQuantValue) of VALUE1 is less than the minimum (see #$minQuantValue) of VALUE2 or (ii) (#$followingValueOnScale VALUE1 VALUE2 SCALE) holds. Note that #$lessThan is an #$ELRelation (q.v.), and the above sentence would actually canonicalize to (#$greaterThan VALUE2 VALUE1). Closely relates to adjective senses 1 and 3 of 'less' in WordNet: 1. (39) less - ((comparative of 'little' usually used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning not as great in amount or degree; 'of less importance'; 'less time to spend with the family'; 'a shower uses less water'; 'less than three years old') 3. less - ((nonstandard in some uses but often idiomatic with measure phrases) fewer; 'less than three weeks'; 'no less than 50 people attended'; 'in 25 words or less') """ ; rdfs:domain :Quantity ; rdfs:range :Quantity ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLittlerThan ; owl:inverseOf :isGreaterThan . :isLessThanByQuantity :ldoce "difference" ; :wnsense "difference5n" ; :wordnet "difference" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isLessThanByQuantity' expresses a ternary relation between two quantities and a difference between those two quantities. For the reverse relation (not a true inverse), use 'isGreaterThanByQuantity'. This relation can be used to express both 'more' and 'less', depending on which of the quantities are considered as the subtrahend. Most closely relates to the meaning of WordNet noun sense 5 of 'difference' as a quantitative measure; the difference is in the 'QuantityAndDifference' object of the relation. in WordNet: 5. remainder, difference - (the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quantity :QuantitativeAttributeValue ) ] ; rdfs:range :QuantityAndDifference ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :compactedRelation . :isLessThanOrEqualTo :guid "bd5880b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """A #$NumericComparisonPredicate that is a generalization of the mathematical less-than-or-equal-to ( <= ) relation to #$ScalarIntervals (q.v.) of all sorts, including quantitative intervals as well as point values (see #$ScalarPointValue). (#$lessThanOrEqualTo VALUE1 VALUE2) means that VALUE1 is less than or equal to VALUE2 with respect to some scale that they are both on. More precisely, there is some #$TotallyOrderedScalarIntervalType SCALE that both VALUE1 and VALUE2 are instances of and either (i) SCALE is a specialization of #$NumericValue (e.g. #$RealNumber) and the maximum (see #$maxQuantValue) of VALUE1 is less than or equal to the minimum (see #$minQuantValue) of VALUE2, (ii) (#$followingValueOnScale VALUE1 VALUE2 SCALE) holds, or (iii) (#$equals VALUE1 VALUE2) holds. Note that #$lessThanOrEqualTo is an #$ELRelation (q.v.), and the above sentence would actually canonicalize to (#$greaterThanOrEqualTo VALUE2 VALUE1) """ ; rdfs:domain :Quantity ; rdfs:range :Quantity . :isLittlerThan a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'isBiggerThan'." ; owl:inverseOf :isBiggerThan . :isLocatedAt a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """A general 'location' relation for objects and regions and substances (but not for Events - use 'occurredAt'). The location can be a region of space (connected or disconnected) or an object (physical or abstract). Being 'located' at an Object means being located within the ConvexHull of the Object; therefore a Hole in an Object, which contains no part of the Object 'isLocatedAt' that Object. Also, recall that a GeographicalRegion includes some space above the surface of that region, so it is possible that ?obj isLocateAt a GeographicalRegion even if it is in the air not far above the surface of that region. If a pile of objects or a large object is 'contained' in an open-top container (such as a bowl or pail), and extends above the top of that container, it cannot be said to be 'located at' that container, in this sense. For that case, use 'isContainedIn' or its parent 'isLocatedAtOrOn'. The value (object) of this relation answers the question 'where is it?' (for the subject) in some sense. Somewhat non-intuitively, this relation can be used to specify that some set of beliefs (a BeliefSystem) is held by one or more people, since the BeliefSystem is considered an InformationStore that can have a physical location; that is, beliefs are located in the heads of people, or of Groups of people. However, NOTE that specific instances of a disease cannot be 'located' in people by this relation, because a Disease is considered as an Event. Use 'occurredAt' for relating specific instances of Disease to particular people or groups of people. NOTE that when it is asserted that a 'Substance' isLocatedAt some place, that is a stand-in for the more logically meaningful assertion that some unspecified quantity of a Substance is located at that place. NOTE that this is an instance-level relation and describes where an object is actually located at some particular time. For describing where objects typically are located (e.g. parts of the body), use 'isNormallyLocatedAt', a relation that can take a individual Object or an ObjectType as the subject NOTE: 'isLocatedAt' may be used with an instance of 'TimeAndPlace' (a four-dimensional portion of space-time) in the object position of the relation, to specify the location of some thing (but not Events) over some interval of time, using a binary relation. Although this relation is transitive, there are permitted range instances that cannot bw located at some permitted domain instances: for example, a 'TimeAndPlace' will never be locatedAt an Object or region that is not itself Four-dimensional, unless the domain instance is nominally a TimeAndPlace, but with the Time dimension of zero length, in which case the domain instance is effectively three-dimensional. But in general, if the subject is a TimeAndPlace, the Object should also be a TimeAndPlace, not a Region or Object. To avoid unintended errors, this restriction should be encoded as a constraint. NOTE: this relation is close in meaning to that of the OBO_REL relation 'located_in' (http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in). In OBO some relations may also be used on Types to create an implicit restriction, but such usage is not part of COSMO, and that usage would need to be represented as a rule. OBO_REL: located_in (see http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/) OBO comments for located_in: Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GroupType :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :SubstanceType :LocationType :PhysicalSubstance :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAtOrOn ; owl:inverseOf :isTheLocationOf . :isLocatedAtOrOn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This is the most generic generic 'location' relation, and differs from its subProperty 'isLocatedAt' only in that to be 'located at or on' includes the possibility that some pile of objects may be located in some open container and extend beyond the top of the container, but will move when that container moves because it is held to the container by the force of gravity or by some topological constraint. The subproperty 'isLocatedAt' means that the thing located is wholly located within the spatial region coextensive with the ConvexHull of the thing or place where it is located. Thus a pile of coal in an open railway coal car can be said to be 'contained' in the coal car even though it may extend above the top of the coal car; it will go wherever the coal car goes, as long as it satisfies this relation. Likewise, flowers in a vase are located 'at or on' the vase, though they typically extend beyond the top of the vase, and the top of the flowers may even be above the vase by more than the height of the vase. The 'isContainedIn' relation is a subproperty of this relation; therefore if {?x isContainedIn ?Obj} then {?x isLocatedAtOrOn ?Obj}. NOTE, however that 'isSupportedBy' is not a subtype of 'isLocatedAtOrOn' because the supporting object may be flat and extensive, and the supported object may extend well above the surface of the supporting object. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType :Object :ObjectType :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :LocationMeasureType :LocationMeasure ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isNearTo ; owl:inverseOf :hasThingInOrOn . :isLocatedAtTheEndOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isLocatedAtTheEndOf'' relates an Object to a larger Object of which it is a part and is at the 'end' (unspecified) of the larger Object. e.g. the 'tip' of an Object is located at the end of the Object of which it is the 'tip'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPartOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasEndingObject . :isManagedBy :en "is managed by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isControlledBy'' relates some property real estate or space in a facilty to the ''CommercialOrganization'' that has legal control, by ownership or rental. This is typcally used in a business setting. Other uses might become evident..""" ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isControlledBy ; owl:inverseOf :manages . :isManifestedInTendency a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isManifestedInTendency' relates a 'LawOfNature' to some 'QuantitativeTendency' which can describe in more detail what behaves according to that 'LawOfNature', and how it behaves. """ ; rdfs:domain :LawOfNature ; rdfs:range :QuantitativeTendency ; owl:inverseOf :manifestsLawOfNature . :isManufacturedBy :en "is made by", "is manufactured by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isManufacturedBy relates some Type of Artifact (e.g. Toyota automobiles) to the IntelligentAgent (e.g. the Toyota company) that typically is the manufacturer for that type of Artifact. This is a relation on Types of objects. To specify that a particular object was manufactured by some individual or organization, use the relation 'wasCreatedBy', or in the case of things created for sale by Businesses, use 'wasManufacturedBy'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ManufacturingFacility :IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :manufactures . :isMeasuredBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This relation can be used to relate observable things (Objects, Events) to measurable quantities (which may be numerical, or only graded by several degrees of some quality) that can be used to give information about those things. Thus a land holding can be measure by it area; a parade by the number of participants; economic activity by any of many 'EconomicIndicator's, etc. To relate an AttributeType to the AttributeValues that instantiate the AttributeType, use 'takesValue'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :PhysicalSubstance :Event :ObjectType :EventType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValue :AttributeType :Quantity ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaMeasureOf . :isMentionedIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isMentionedIn relates an entity of any type - class, individual, relation, proposition - to some form of communication or text in which it is mentioned.. """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ExternalReferringThing :Communication :CommunicationType :MentalObject :MentalEvent :PhysicalObject :ObjectType :Proposition :PropositionType :Theory :Searching :EventType ) ] . :isModifiedInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hadObjectModified . :isMoreIntenseThan a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """A transitive relation that allows the ordering of IntensiveAttributeValues, such as 'good' 'so-do' and 'Poor', or of Beliefs such as ''Guess'', ''Suspicion' or ''Belief''. NOTE: this canalso be used to indicate something 'better' than another attribute, when the parent attribute has a positive quality. Perhaps should have an 'isBetterThan' relation?? @ToDo. NOTE: for Adverbs use 'isMoreIntensiveThan''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Feeling :Belief :Quality :BeliefType :AttributeValueType :FeelingType :QualityType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Feeling :Belief :Quality :BeliefType :AttributeValueType :FeelingType :QualityType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isLessIntenseThan . :isMoreIntensiveThan a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isMoreIntensiveThan'' relates one instance of Adverb or 'IntensiveAttributeValueType'' to another that is (usually) interpreted as more intensive (greater in some sense) than the subject of the relation. The inverse ''islessOntensiveThan'' allows this 'intensivity' relation to be expressed in reverse. NOTE that there is another 'intensive' relation, ''isMoreIntenseThan'' used for AttributeValues. Similar meaning but best not to use the same relation too broadly here, as 'adverbs' are instances in the ontology, not types. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Adverb :AdverbType :IntensiveAttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Adverb :AdverbType :IntensiveAttributeValueType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isLessIntensiveThan . :isMoreThanByQuantity :ldoce "difference", "more" ; :wnsense "difference5n", "more1adj" ; :wordnet "difference", "more" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isMoreThanByQuantity' expresses a ternary relation between two quantities and a difference between those two quantities. For the reverse relation (not a true inverse), use 'isLessThanByQuantity'. The subject of the relation is the quantity that is 'more than' the quantity referenced in the object element 'QuantityAndDifference' and related to that object element by the relation 'hasComparedQuantity'. This can be used to express the linguistic expressions 'Q1 is more than Q2 by ?D' or 'Q1 is ?D larger than Q2', 'O1 is longer than O2 by ?D', 'O1 is hotter than O2 by ?D', etc., for any type of quantitative attribute. Most closely relates to the meaning of WordNet noun sense 5 of 'difference' as a quantitative measure; the difference is in the 'QuantityAndDifference' object of the relation. in WordNet: 5. remainder, difference - (the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend) WN Only approximately relates to adjective sense 1 of .more' in Wordnet, WN but the WordNet sense is not as specific as this relation, and does not WN express a difference: 1. (134) more, more than - ((comparative of 'much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree; 'more land'; 'more support'; 'more rain fell'; 'more than a gallon') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quantity :QuantitativeAttributeValue ) ] ; rdfs:range :QuantityAndDifference ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :compactedRelation . :isMostlyWornBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isMostlyWornBy' is formally the inverse of 'isWearing', but that relation is seldom used, and this relation has been repurposed to allow types of clothing to be associated with speific ypes of People. The term mostly' is nottechnicsl, and in this usage means something like 'is most often asoiated with' without requiring that a true majority of wearers belong to that category, just a common association. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Clothing :BodyMarking :PhysicalObjectType :FacialHairType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :LegalAgent :GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] . :isMovedInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MoneyObject :Object :ObjectType :GenericSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Motion :MotionType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hadObjectMoved . :isNearTo a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """isNearTo specifies that some GenericLocation (an Object or a Region) is 'near' to another, but (usually) not touching the other. 'near' is relative to the size of the things being related. To be 'near' another region or object, the distance from one Object or Region to the other must be within two diameters of the larger object or region. NOTE that 'isSupportedBy' is a subproperty of 'isNearTo'. Is this really symmetric for objects of greatly different sizes? See also the QualitativeAttributeValue 'Near' and 'Far', which may be used in linguistic expressions to express this concept. @ToDo - relate the attributes to this relation?? If two objects are touching, that can be represented as a 'TouchingState'. In SUMO treated as an attribute: SUMO: (Near) The relation of common sense adjacency. Note that, if an object is Near another object, then the objects are not connected..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType :Object :ObjectType :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :LocationMeasureType :LocationMeasure ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isInTheVicinityOf . :isNormallyLocatedAt a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """isNormallyLocatedAt is a relation that relates individual Objects or Object types to a location where it is typically (more often than not) found, thus specifying where they would 'normally' be located. This is a crude way of encoding defaults and probabilities in locating objects. Perhaps the most useful function of this relation is to specify where parts of things are suppose to be located, when they are in their proper place. The proper location for Body parts or device parts can be specified using this relation. The location can be a Type, or can be a specific location. @ToDo NOTE: this relation is transitive,but probabilities may make this not truly transitive. **potential problem**. Remove transitivity, or restrict chains to short length, or allow transitive but check validity???? The reason one needs a 'typically' relation such as this is that things that have a natural location (e.g. the brain is usually in the head) can be removed from that location, and still be considered as an instance of that type. For example, a brain may be removed from the body during an autopsy, and it is still referred to as the brain of that (dead) person.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialThing :GenericLocation :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :LocationType ) ] . :isNotKnownTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isNotKnownTo' relates an entity with the attribute 'Unidentified' (an instance of 'UnknownIndividual') to the agent that does not know the identity of this individual. By default, it will be the person who has created that unidientified individual, but the clueless can be several, many, or all cognitive agents. This is probably related to the 'knows' relation in some not-yet-specified way. """ ; rdfs:domain :UnknownIndividual ; rdfs:range :IntentionalAgent . :isNotaPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :isObtainedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isObtainedFrom' relates an Object or ObjectType to some Object or ObjectType or Location or Agent from which it is or was or can be obtained. The manner of 'obtaining' the subject Thing is not restricted; it could be an Ore obtained from a mine, or a product obtained from some Geographical loation, or an Object fond at some location in a ''FindingSomething'' Event. The relation ''isTheFruitOfa'' is a subrelation of this because the fruit can be just taken without any processing. This is for things that can be directly obtained; for things that can be obtained by some conversion process, as chemicals from some natural substance, use 'isDerivedFrom'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :GenericLocation :LocationType :GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] . :isOccupiedMostlyBySubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """consistsMostlyOfSubstance relates or regions (e.g. ocean regions) that have a relatively homogeneous spatial distribution of component substances to the substance(s) which form the dominant composition. If the component substance does not form a larger weight fraction than any other substance, the relation 'hasConstituentSubstance' should be used instead. Thus a drinking glass will be composed of glass, a lake of water, a structural I-beam of steel. In Cyc the 'substances' (or stuffs) were represented as objects made of a particular substance. In COSMO we distinguish the object from its composition, and this relation specifies, where it makes sense to do so, what the substance composition of particular objects is.""" ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalSpaceRegion ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasConstituentSubstance . :isOfferedByVendor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isOfferedByVendor' specifies either the Agent or the location (a PlaceOfBusiness) where a particular type of thing is offered at a particular price.""" ; rdfs:domain :PricePerUnit ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :PlaceOfBusiness ) ] . :isOnTheSurfaceOf :en "on" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Inverse of 'hasSurfaceThing'. Being on the surface here does not require that something be above the Object - it can cling like Grime or by static, or like dust. """ ; rdfs:domain :SubstanceType ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAt, :overlapsOrTouches . :isOnTopOf :en "is atop", "is atop of", "is on top of", "is upon", "on", "on on", "upon" ; :guid "bd58b498-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this erlation is used broadly, including the meaning 'is usually on top of' or 'is intended to be used on top of'. CYC: An instance of #$RelativeLocationalPredicate. (#$on-Physical OVER UNDER) means that the object OVER is above, supported by, and touching the object UNDER (so that both (#$above-Touching OVER UNDER) and (#$supportedBy OVER UNDER) hold). OVER and UNDER may be at rest or in motion, or one may be in motion and the other at rest. For example, this predicate would hold of a person on a bicycle, groceries on a checkout conveyor belt, or a statue on a pedestal. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GravitationallyBoundObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GravitationallyBoundObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isSupportedBy . :isOperatedByAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isOperatedByAction'' is used to specify the type of ''Action'' that is (typically or traditionally) required to cause a ''Device'' to perform its intended function. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType . :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf' is used primarily to express the origin of some PhysicalObject, such as 'a feather comes from a bird', without committing to whether the derived object is still part of its original whole. This fills a gap in the 'isDerivedFrom' relation. If the specific object is no longer part of its original whole, then the subproperty 'wasaPhysicalPartOf' can be used. NOTE that this is an instance-level relation.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] . :isOutsideOf :en "is not in", "is not inside", "is not inside of", "is outside of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isOutsideOf' specifies some ''GenericLocation'' or ''Object'' or ''Region' that is *not* the location of the Thing that is the subject of the relation. This is indirectly related to ''Alibi'' and ''PlaceOfAbsence''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Object :ObjectType :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasReferenceLocation . :isOverheadOf :guid "bd58b981-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "above", "over" ; :wnsense "overhead1adj" ; :wordnet "overhead" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the most specific 'above' predicate. In Cyc called 'above-Overhead'. Cyc: (#$above-Overhead ABOVE BELOW) means that ABOVE is directly above BELOW (see the predicate #$isDirectlyAbove), all points of ABOVE are higher than all points of BELOW, and ABOVE and BELOW do _not_ touch. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'overhead' in Wordnet: 1. (4) overhead - (located or originating from above; 'an overhead crossing') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeographicalRegion :GeographicalArea :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDirectlyAbove . :isOwnedBy :en "belongs", "belongs to", "is owned by", "is the property of" ; :ldoce "belong" ; :wnsense "belong1v" ; :wordnet "belong" ; a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isOwnedBy is the inverse of 'owns'. Since 'owns' implies full ownership (which may be exercised by a group of people), this relation is functional, but the object (owner) may be a Group of agents. Linguistically, 'isOwnedby' can be expressed as 'belongs to'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'belomg' in WordNet : 1. (10) belong - (be owned by; be in the possession of; 'This book belongs to me') """ ; owl:inverseOf :owns . :isOwnedInOwnershipState a owl:ObjectProperty . :isParallelTo :guid "bea51e8f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "along", "parallel" ; :wnsense "along1adv", "parallel1adj" ; :wordnet "along", "parallel" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """Relates an Object, path, or CourseOverGround to some other Object, Path or CourseOverGround. To say that something moves 'along' or 'alongside' something else is to say that the Course of that something is parallel to that something else. See LogicalFunction 'Along' for a function that has a purpose partly similar to this relation. Cyc: (#$parallel INDIV1 INDIV2) means that INDIV1 and INDIV2 are parallel. INDIV1 or INDIV2 might be a vector, a (tangible or intangible) line, or a physical object with a lengthwise axis. When both individuals are of the same type, consider using one of the more specialized predicates #$parallelVectors, #$parallelLines, or #$parallelObjects. NOTE that there are no adjective senses of 'along' in WordNet. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'parallel' and adverb sense 5 of 'along' in WordNet: 1. (10) parallel - (being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting; 'parallel lines never converge'; 'concentric circles are parallel'; 'dancers in two parallel rows') WN adverb 'along': 5. along - (in line with a length or direction (often followed by 'by' or 'beside'); 'pass the word along'; 'ran along beside me'; 'cottages along by the river') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FrontAndBackSidedObject :Line :LongAndThinThing :Path-Generic :CourseOverGround :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FrontAndBackSidedObject :Line :LongAndThinThing :Path-Generic :CourseOverGround :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isAlignedWith . :isParallelToLine :guid "c0d087af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Parallel lines do not have to be straight. Cyc: (#$parallelLines LINE1 LINE2) means that LINE1 and LINE2 are parallel. More precisely, LINE1 and LINE2 are straight lines lying in the same plane, with respect to which they are oriented in the same (or directly opposite) direction(s) """ ; rdfs:domain :Line ; rdfs:range :Line ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isParallelTo . :isPartOfCodeList a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isPartOfCodeList relates a CodeString to the CodeList in which it is defined. NOTE that each Code in the CodeList contains both the CodeString and its definition, so it is not correct to use the isInList relation to relate the CodeString directly to the CodeList, rather each Code is related by the isInList relation. This isPartOfCodeList relation forms a shortcut, combining relations between the CodeString and the Code and between the Code and its CodeList. NOTE that some CodeString might be assigned by more than one CodingAuthority, meaning that the same code may mean different things for different CodingAuthorities and on different CodeLists. The meaning must be found by referencing the specific CodeList used. In the event that the same code is used in one system (ontology or application) to mean different things, the amiguity must be resolved by specifying a CodeList as the parent Type for each data instance represented as a Code. This is important where numbers are used as Codes in databases; each such number will be an instance of a CodeString from a CodeList (which will often be represented as an enumeration in a data model). Thus an enumeration in a data model functions (and may be represented) as a CodeList.""" ; rdfs:domain :CodeString ; rdfs:range :CodeList ; owl:inverseOf :hasCodeString . :isPartOfOrAttachedTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isPartOfOrAttachedTo' is a specialized relation relating a 'Coating', or some SubstanceType, to the SolidObject on which it is a layer (for a Coating) or . This is ambiguous so that there is no need in the base ontology to take a position on whether a Coating on something is a part of the object, or only attached to it. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Coating :PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isNearTo . :isPartlySupportedBy :en "supports" ; :guid "c148a15d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This is contrued somewhat differentyl from in CYC - one leg of a chair or a pier of a bridge would use the subproperty ''supports'' even if it provides only part of the total support. This relation includes 'supporting' such as that provided by the back of a chair or brace or splint on a body part. From Cyc 'supportedBy-Contributing': A 'isParlySupportedBy' B means that B provides *at least* some of the support required to maintain A from falling in a gravitational field. B may actually provide all of the support, and 'isSupportedBy' is a subproperty of this property. The supporting object must actually touch the object being supported. There is no relation of indirect partial support yet in COSMO, which would be a transitive relation, as of v0.55. This is used for cases where, e.g. each leg of a table partly supports the table top. Cyc: A generalization of #$supportedBy. (#$supportedBy-Contributing OBJECT SUPPORT) means that SUPPORT contributes to the total amount of support holding OBJECT up and maintaining its vertical position. If SUPPORT were to be removed, then (everything else being equal) OBJECT would have less support against falling down than before. (OBJECT might even actually fall, but not necessarily.) For example, a bridge is #$supportedBy-Contributing each individual pile underneath it, though it is unlikely to be crucially #$supportedBy any one of them.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAtOrOn ; owl:inverseOf :supportsPartly . :isPassedThroughDuring a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'hasThingPassedThrough'." ; owl:inverseOf :hasThingPassedThrough . :isPerformedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isPerformedBy'' points from a an Action or type of Action to the type of 'Agent' (or individual Agent) that performs that type of Action. This relation is used to add detail to certain action types that include in their meanings that they are performed by a certain type of Agent. NOTE: there can be more than one type of thing that performs some Actions, so this is not a 'functional' property. To specify the individual Agent that performed a specific instance of 'Action'', the relation ''wasPerformedByAgent'' an be used. However, both 'isPerformedBy' (inverse: ''performsAction'') and ''wasPerformedByAgent'' (inverse: ''wasTheAgentInAction'') have both types and metatypes in their domains and ranges, and the usages are not in practice well segregated. This might be made more systematic, but that is complicated by different parent ObjectProperies. NOTE that this relation is intended to identify the *grammatical* 'agent' of some Action, but the 'agent' of an Action need not be an ''IntentionalAgent'' nor even an 'agent-like' Even such as a tornado, it need only be the Entity that has the 'subject' role in some action and it can be an inanimate object, such as a building 'occupying' a place or an iron bar 'rusting'. This 'perform' relation includes the 'experiencer' case role for mental events. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :Event :MentalEvent :FeelingType :PhysiologicalCondition :AilmentType :LifeStageType :LifeStage ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :GenericAgent :ObjectType :SubstanceType :Device :DeviceType :Role :RoleType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant, :mayBePerformedByAgent ; owl:inverseOf :performsAction . :isPerformedByAgentWithAbility :en "can be performed by a person with the ability to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of ''isAbilityToPerformActionType''. This relates an Action to some Agent that can perform that Action. (NOTE: this may be @unnecessary @superfluous - the forward relation is more meaningful, as *any* action that is performed can be said to be performed by an Agent that *can* perform that action - otherwise, it wouldn't have been performed. Perhaps a relation 'cannotPerformAction' would be more useful? see ''isTheInabilityToPerformActionType'') """ ; owl:inverseOf :isAbilityToPerformActionType . :isPlayedByAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isPlayedByAction'' is a specialized relation pointing from a MusicalInstrument to the type of Action (blowing, bowing, plucking, striking) that causes the instrument to make its intended sounds.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :PlayingAMusicalInstrument ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction . :isPossessedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :possesses . :isPreparedFromSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """NOTE: The range is SubstanceType. isPreparedFromSubstance relates certain artifacts to the type(s) of Substance which was used in its preparation. This can be used to specify ingredients in Food or FoodObjects as well as the starting materials for other things. For substances derived (naturally or artificially) from objects (like plants, animals, minerals) use 'isDerivedFrom'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; owl:inverseOf :canBeConvertedInto . :isPreventedBy :en "can be prevented by", "is blocked by", "is obstructed by", "is prevented by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isPreventedBy' is the inverse of 'prevents'. This relation does not imply that only one Event can prevent another, but indicates the kind of Event that *could* prevent another. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Goal :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Preventing :Precaution :EventType ) ] . :isProcessedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :processes . :isProducedByEventType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTypicallyProducedByEventType ; owl:inverseOf :produces . :isProducedByObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of ''isDesignedToProduce'' - relates some Event or Object to an Object that is designed to produce it.""" ; owl:inverseOf :isDesignedToProduce . :isProducedNaturallyBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isProducedNaturallyBy is a specialization of isDerivedFrom, and specifies that the Substance which is the subject is produced naturally (without the aid of people) by some PhysicalObject. The most typical use will be to specify the origin of certain biological substances produced by organisms, but this is very general, and can be used to specify, for example, that lava is produced by volcanoes. See also ''isSecretedBy'' The kind of 'production' that people do for artifacts is specified by the different relation 'isManufacturedBy' or the parent relation ''isObtainedFrom''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :PhysicalObject :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDerivedFrom ; owl:inverseOf :naturallyProduces . :isPropelledBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :propels . :isReducedByEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DecreaseEvent :EventType ) ] . :isRepresentedByAbstractEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :representsPhysicalEvent . :isRepresentedByImageAtURL a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isRepresentedByImageAtURL is the relation that points from some picturable concept or thing, to an image file that is a picture of the (physical objectg) or a drawing intended to represent the object. The represented object may be abstract, such as a geometric figure (square, triangle), or a graph. If it is unnecessary and inconvenient to create a reified URL, the datatype relation 'hasURL' can be used for simplicity. NOTE that there are other useful relations pointing to representations of things,but this one is specific in pointing to some electronic file that is acessible somewhere, though not necessarily always accessible to every computer user. NOTE that the existence of a URL in itself does not guarantee that there is actually any file available by accessing that location, let alone guarantee what the content of the file is. A URL may just be used as a unique identifier, without any physical location existing that corresponds to the address. **BUT** when the relation 'isRepresentedByImageAtURL' is used, that *does* mean that there is actually an addressable physical file (or part of a file) at that location. The absence of such a file would mean that the relation is false. **HOWEVER**, the existence of the file at a particular location does not mean that the file can be retrieved at any given time (system may be down) or by just any person (permissions may be restricted) """ ; rdfs:range :UniversalResourceLocator ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDescribedByBLOBatURL . :isRepresentedInVideo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'representsEvent' - relating an Event to some video object that represents it (such as a video recording or abstract 'Movie'). CAUTION NOTE: though the name of this relation mentions 'video', this term is being used in a very broad sense to mean any kind of abstract representation of an Event, not just a Movie of vdeo file. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range :AbstractObject ; owl:inverseOf :representsEvent . :isSacredTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isSacredTo'' relates ObjectTypes or individual Objects to some ''BeliefGroup'' to whom that object (type) is 'sacred' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BeliefGroup :BeliefSystem :GroupType :BeliefType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasSacredObject . :isSatisfactoryForPurpose :ldoce "satisfy" ; :wnsense "satisfy1v", "satisfy3v" ; :wordnet "satisfy" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isSatisfactoryForPurpose' is a general relation that relates some entity (Object, Event, Attribute) to a Purpose for which some agent considers the entity to be satisfactory. This does not necessarily cause any feelings of 'satisfaction', this can be used for technical purposes. This expresses the notion of 'satisfying' a criterion of goodness. For the notion of causing the **feeling** of Satisfaction, use 'SatisfyingEvent'. The Purpose that is satisfied by the entity is specified as the object of this relation, as an instance of 'Goal'. This relation could be ternary, to include the agent for which the entity is satisfactory, but as of rev 855 the agent is not included directly in this relation, but is referenced in the instance of 'Goal', by use of the 'isaGoalOf' relation. See also 'conformsTo' for the related but different concept of some Event conforming to (satisfying) some Rule. This relation can be used to express assertions of the form: 'X satisfies Y' where Y is some Purpose of some agent (which includes the purposes for which criteria are set). NOTE: ******** Related elements in the ontology are: ****** ''Goal'', ''Purpose'', ''DesiredFutureSituation'', ''GoalSituation'' , ''desires'', ''Intention''. Whether one uses: hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasPurpose hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires . . . . Depends on whether one wants to represent the Intentions of an Agent, an Agent's goal for a specific action, or just the state desired or just an object desired. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'satisfy' in WordNet: 1. (13) satisfy, fulfill, fulfil, live up to - - (fulfil the requirements or expectations of) 3. (8) meet, satisfy, fill, fulfill, fulfil - - (fill or meet a want or need) """ ; rdfs:range :Purpose . :isSecretedBy :en "is secreted by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isSecretedBy is a specialization of isProducedNaturallyBy, and specifies that the Substance (which should be a liquid) which is the subject is produced naturally by some PhysicalObject that is part of an Organism. The most typical use will be to specify the origin of certain biological fluids produced by organisms. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LiquidSubstance :PhysicalObject :FluidType :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isProducedNaturallyBy ; owl:inverseOf :secretes . :isServingInTheRoleOf :ldoce "play" ; :wnsense "play4v" ; :wordnet "play" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isServingInTheRoleOf relates some Object to a 'role' that the Object is playing, **but** in this case the 'role' pointed to does not have to be a formal ''Role'', it can be any kind of thing, especially a PhysicalObject, whose *function* is being mimicked by another PhysicaObject that is not designed specifically for that *function*. The *subject of this relation can be a PhysicalObject that has been *repurposed* or modified to perform the function of the *object of the relation,or it can be variant of some PhysicalObject modified in some way to perform the function of some other Object. For example, a ''CuppedHand'' can serve the 'role' of a ''Cup'' when artifact ''Cups'' are not available. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Role :RoleType ) ] . :isSimilarTo :en "is similar to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isSimilarTo'' is a relation which means that two things are in some way similar. The aspect of similarity may or may not be specified in the context in which this is use. """ . :isSkilledAt :en "able to", "is able to", "is good at", "is qualified for", "is qualified to", "is skilled at" ; :ldoce "can", "could" ; :wnsense "able1adj", "able2adj", "able3adj", "qualified1adj" ; :wordnet "able", "qualified" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isSkilledAt'' points from an Agent to some Action that the agent can perform well. See also related PersistentState: ''BeingQualified'' Includes adj 'qualified' sense 1 in WordNet: 1. (2) qualified - (meeting the proper standards and requirements and training for an office or position or task; 'many qualified applicants for the job) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SkilledWorker :AgentType :Person :HumanRole :HumanRoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CapabilityType :ActionType :Capability ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAttributeValue, :hasCapability . :isSlowerThan a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isFasterThan . :isSmallerThan a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """inverse of 'isLargerThan'. """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLittlerThan ; owl:inverseOf :isLargerThan . :isSomethingOtherThan a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isSomethingElseThan is a relation that specifies that the subject entity of the relation is **not** the object entity of the relation. This is a crude way of saying that one knows what something **is not**, even when one cannot be more specific about what something **is**. The subject and object should have a common Type, but that Type can be any Type.""" . :isSpannedBy a owl:ObjectProperty . :isSpatiallyDisjointWith a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isSpatiallyDisjointWith relates one.SpatialThing (a region, object, or event) with another SpatialThing that has no regions in common with the first. This relation can be used to express the fact that anything wholly located in one SpatialThing cannot have any part located in another SpatialThing that is disjoint with the first in this sense. NOTE that when first-order rules are associated with this ontology, it will be possible to infer that any part of a region1 that isSpatiallyDisjointWith a region2 is also disjoint with any part of that region2.""" ; rdfs:domain :SpatialThing ; rdfs:range :SpatialThing ; owl:inverseOf :isSpatiallyDisjointWith . :isStudyingAt a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a Student (or preschooler) to the specific ''School'' (or SchoolGrade) where the Student is studying (or at least attending, or being cared for). """ ; rdfs:domain :Student ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EducationalOrganization :School :SchoolGrade ) ] . :isSupervisedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isSupervisedBy'' relates some subordinate to the ''Supervisor'' (Person) to which s/he directly reports. This is typcally used in a business setting but might be used in other social manager/subordinate relations.""" ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isControlledBy ; owl:inverseOf :directlySupervises . :isSupportedBy :guid "bd5901fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isSupportedBy' can be used to describe objects being supported by solid objects, or by a body of liquid. In the case of a Liquid, the Event of such support is represented by 'FloatingEvent' and 'FloatingOnaLiquid'. This relation does not directly imply that the object doing the supporting is above - the supported object can be hanging from the support. The relation 'on-Physical' implies this relation. NOTE that this can be used transitively: when one object supports another object that supports a third object then the first object also supports the third object.. NOTE: For ''FloatingEvents'', the case relation 'hasSupportingThing' can specify the support. From Cyc relation 'supportedBy'. Cyc: An instance of #$SpatialPredicate. (#$supportedBy OBJECT SUPPORT) means that SUPPORT is at least partially responsible for holding OBJECT up and maintaining its vertical position. If SUPPORT were to be removed, then (everything else being equal) either OBJECT would fall or at least part of OBJECT would move downward. See also #$supportedObject, #$supportingObject, and #$SupportingSomething. COSMO note: one might suppose that an object contained in a container must be supported by the container, and that therefore isContainedIn would be a subproperty of isSupportedBy. But containers may contain contents in a zero-gravity environment, and the 'support' relations assume a gravitational field which causes the supported thing to press against the supporting thing. Therefore there is no subproperty relation.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isPartlySupportedBy ; owl:inverseOf :supports . :isSupportedThingInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasObjectSupported . :isSurroundedBy :en "is surrounded by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :surrounds . :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isSurroundedHorizontallyBy' is the inverse of 'surroundsHorizontally'. NOTe that there are no domain and range - this can be used for spatial things, but also to specify, for example, that a crowd is surrounding a speaker, or an Island is surrounded by water, or some part of a device is typically surrounded by other parts of the device (when operational). The surounding object does not have to *completely* surround the thing surrounded, but should have parts on some line that extends through more than 180 deg of a circle from the center of the thing surrounded. Thus a ''Sea'' connected to an Ocean or a ''Strait-Waterway''may be surrounded by land. The Cyc explanation distinguishes Inside and Outside, but not the kinds of things that can be Inside and Outside. """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isCompletelySurroundedBy-2D . :isSuspendedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isSuspendedFrom' relates some SolidObject in a gravitational field to another SolidObject that provides support, and *most or a large part of* the object supported is hanging below the object supporting (for contrast, see 'isOnTopOf'). The point of support need not be flexible. For that relation, use 'isFlexiblySuspendedFrom'. The part of the supported object providing the connection to the supporting object may be significant as when a supported object is wrapped around some part of the supporting object. These distinctions may be needed at some point. """ ; rdfs:domain :SolidObject ; rdfs:range :SolidObject ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isSupportedBy . :isTaughtBy a owl:ObjectProperty . :isTerminatedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :terminatesState . :isTheAbsenceOf :en "has absent thing" ; :ldoce "absence" ; :wnsense "absence1n" ; :wordnet "absence" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAbsenceOf'' is subproperty of ''isaLowLevelOf'' relating a ''PersistentState'' (or EventType) to some other thing that is totally or almost totally absent in the subject state. This differs from the parent relation ''isaLowLevelOf'' in that the low level of the object thing in the relation such as to cause some serious concern or detrimental effect. . Thus we can specify {Health isTheAbsenceOf AilmentCondition}. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'absence' in WordNet: 1. (25) absence - - (the state of being absent; 'he was surprised by the absence of any explanation') 2. (8) absence - - (failure to be present) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :Object :ObjectType :Capability :CapabilityType :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaLowLevelOf . :isTheAdverbialFormOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Inverse of ''hasAdverbialForm''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Adverb :AdverbialModifier :AdverbType ) ] ; rdfs:range :QualitativeAttributeType ; owl:inverseOf :hasAdverbialForm . :isTheAttributeOfAnAgentEngagedIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfAnAgentEngagedIn' is a similar to butnot hierarchically related to ''isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming'', used to relate a type of 'QualitativeAttributeValue' to some type of Action that requires or gives evidence of that attribute. for this specialization to hold, the Action performd must involve physical acts, not just mental actions. This is a very specialized relation, used to create a direct link from certain attributes such as 'Crafty' to the actions (e.g. 'Plot' (scheme, intrigue) that are performed by a person who has that attribute..""" ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range :ActionType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfAnAnimalUnlikelyToUndergo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfAnAnimalUnlikelyToUndergo'' relates a type of 'AttributeValue' that attributes some form of resistance of an Animal to the type of Event in which the Thing having that attribute.is less likely to be a Patient than is a typical instance of the same type of Thing. This attribute is initially created to make easier the expresion of subtypes of the generic attribute ''Resistant''. For example: {''Immune'' isTheAttributeOfAnAnimalUnlikelyToUndergo AilmentCondition}. """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomeThingWithTendencyTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomeThingWithTendencyTo' relates an AttributeValue to some Action that the Object characterized is more likely to perform than the average for something of its type. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling' relates a type of 'FeelingAttribute' to the type of Feeling that is being experienced by the person having that attribute. This is a very specialized relation, used to create a direct link from certain attributes such as 'Courageous' to the feelings characteristic of a person who has that attribute. In the case of 'Courageous', the Feeling is 'Courage', which is the nominalized form of the attribute. The feeling does not have to be labeled by such a nominalized form.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range :FeelingType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation, :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing ; owl:inverseOf :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute . :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomeoneHaving' is a catch-all relation that relates a Person to something that s/he 'has'' (in some sense). The range is unrestricted. This was first added to relate 'Obliged' to 'Obligation' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming' is used to relates type of 'QualitativeAttributeValue' to the type of Action that requires or gives evidence of that attribute. NOTE that the 'Action' may be a PhysiologicalCondition (e.g. Consciousness, Unconsciousness) which is categorized as an Action (an Event involving an Agent) in COSMO; this relation can also point to SocialStates such as 'Shame', or ''Quality''s that are ''PersistentState''s. In the last case this points to a ''Quality'' that the subject has. NOTE that the term includes 'someone' but is intended to be a characterization of any ''IntelligentAgent'' including Organizations and intelligent automatons. For attributes of Agents or Organizations engaged in some Action (not just a PersistentState), use the attribute ''isTheAttributeOfAnAgentEngagedIn'' (some ''ActionType''). This is a very specialized relation, used to create a direct link from certain attributes such as 'Cruel' to the actions (including states and Qualities) that are 'performed' by an ''IntelligentAgent'' that has that attribute. In the case of 'Cruel', the Action is 'CruelAct'. In this case, there is also a Feeling 'Cruelty' which is associated with a person who is Cruel, and which is related to 'Cruel' by the relation 'isTheAttributeOfSomeoneFeeling'. NOTE that the inverse 'agentHasAttribute' appears to assume that the Action has some Agent performing it, and that will be the most common case. But for generality, this relation can be used to relate Events or states in which some non-agentive Object participates, to the attribute that characterizes an Object in that Event. The 'Event' could be stative, such as a 'PhysiologicalCondition'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :Attribute :AttributeTypeType :AttributeType ) ] ; rdfs:range :EventType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation, :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing ; owl:inverseOf :agentHasAttribute . :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithCapability' relates a type of 'Capability' to the type of Person or Thing that has that Capability. This allows relating Capabilities to types of people that typically (necessarily?) have that Capability. This was first added to relate 'Skilled' to 'Skill' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range :CapabilityType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The inverse of ''isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute''." ; rdfs:domain :PersonalityType ; rdfs:range :PersonalityTraitType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation ; owl:inverseOf :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing'' relates a type of 'AttributeValue' to some type of Event (including States and Feelings) that things (including people) having that AttributeValue may cause. (more or less often, depending on the situation). For example, something which is 'Boring' can cause ''Boredom'' in a Person. Someone who is ''Trustworthy'' can cause ''Trust'' in a person. This is used only a few times in rev1139, but there may be many '-ing' attributes that could be related to states in this way. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :CausativeAttributeType :QualityType :Quality ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf' relates a type of 'AttributeValue' to some instance of 'SubstanceType', asserting that the Object or Substance thus characterized has the Substance in object position as main constituent (for an Object) or has dominant component susbtance (for a Substance).. This is a very specialized relation, used to create a direct link from certain attributes such as 'Wooden' to the substance 'Wood' - this is used for attributes that reflect substance composition. When a PhysicalObject is related by these relations: '?Obj hasAttributeValue ?Att' and '?Att isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf ?Subst' that is equivalent to asserting: '?Obj consistsMostlyOfSubstance ?Subst' When a PhysicalSubstance is related by this relation: '?Subst1 isTheAttributeOfSomethingConsistingOf ?Subst2' that is equivalent to asserting: '?Subst1 hasMainComponentSubstance ?Subst2' This relation is therefore redundant, except to express the meaning of words in English and other languages such as 'wooden' or 'woolen' that attribute composition to objects or substances, suitable for implementation in OWL. For an FOL version, this relation may be superseded by rules that achieve the same effect without redundancy. @ToDo: review for FOL version. """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing' is used to relate some AttributeValueType of an Object (that is performing an action or in a static situation that can be represented as an Event) to the Event in which that Object is a participant. For example, the attribute 'InMotion' can be attributed to something that is the main participant in a 'Motion'. This is a general relation for connecting attributes to the values of case relations in Events. More specialized subproperties such as 'isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming' relate attributes of people to the things they are doing. Linguistically, this kind of attribute is represented by the gerundive 'ing' form of the verb that labels the kind of Event that the object is participating in. @ToDo: Implication: To use this in reasoning will require an FOL rule that specifies that an object with this attribute is a participant in a certain type of Event. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :ProcessType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation ; owl:inverseOf :agentHasAttribute . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingEmitting a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfSomethingEmitting'' is a subproperty of ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing'', relating a type of 'AttributeValue' to some type of Event that is an Emitting Event (emitting sounds or radiation or other EmittableThing type) """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EmittableThingType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation, :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving :en "is the attribute of something lacking", "is the attribute of something not having", "is the attribute of something that does not have" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving'' is a broadly applicable relation linking an 'AttributeValue' that is of a ''PastParticipleType'' or ''AttributeValueType'' to something that the subject 'has' in some sense. NOTE that the reverse effect of *not* having something is represented by ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking'' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PastParticipleType :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingPart'' is a suproperty of ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving'' specifically applicable to 'AttributeValue's that characterize a ''PhysicalObject'' as having some smaller PhysialObject as a part. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PastParticipleType :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObjectType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTheAttributeOfSomethingHaving . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of ''isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute''. This can be used to characterize a Thing that is the subject of a State or a Thing that is a DirectObject of a PersistentState. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :QualitativeAttributeType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :PersistentState :QualityType :Quality ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation ; owl:inverseOf :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfSomethingLacking'' points from an 'AttributeValue' that indicates that something 'has' none or almost none of something else. A more intense statement than ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingHavingLittle''. This may be used to add meaning to adjective ending in'-less'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingLocatedAt a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing' is used to """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingModifiedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomethingModifiedBy' relates a subtype of 'AttributeValue' to an EventType that typically (or often) modifies something so as to cause it to have that AttributeValue. The first use and motivation for this relation is to relate 'IncurringDamage' to the Attribute 'Damaged'. NOTE that this subproperty ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' is needed to distinguish attribute changes caused to the main participant in an Action (e.g. ''Death'' causing the patient to be ''Dead'') to attribute changes caused to other attribute relating to the patient that are also affected by the Event (e.g. ''Widowed'' or 'orphaned' in the case of a ''Death). he use of this property means that the Paient of the action is the Thing modified by the Event,not jus something related to the patient. """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :EnergyType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation, :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingNotDoing a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :ProcessType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingProducedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomethingProducedBy' relates a subtype of 'AttributeValue' to an EventType that typically (or often) causes something to have that AttributeValue, more specifically anEventype that 'produced' the object with that attribute. For example 'written' is the attribute of an object produced by 'writing' """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :EnergyType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation, :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced ; owl:inverseOf :mayCauseObjectToBecome . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingResembling a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfSomethingResembling'' is a broadly applicable relation linking an 'AttributeValue' to something that the subject 'resembles' in some sense. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PastParticipleType :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType :en "able to be", "can", "can be", "can be subjected to", "could be", "is able to be" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanServeAsObjectInActionType'' relates an Object of any kind to some TransitiveAction (instance of a ''TransitiveEventType') of which it can be the direct object 'Object' ('Theme' 'Patient'). **You can do ?X to this kind of Thing** The English words for the attributes specifying this kind of 'ability' usually end in \"-able\". This relation specifies the kind of Action for which something with such attributes can be the 'patient' direct object). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QualitativeAttributeValue :QualitativeAttributeType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo' relates a type of 'AttributeValue' (typically represented by an adjective ending in '-able' or 'ible') or the related state (ending on e.g. -ability') that attributes a capability or propensity or susceptibility (e.g. 'breakable' or breakability') to the type of Event that can be or is likely to be performed *by* the Entity or *on* the Entity having that attribute or ''AttributeType''. THe objectof the relation will be i.e., an EventType in which something with that attributeValue can participate as 'patient'. Thus: 'Foldable' isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatCanUndergo ''Folding''. Grammatically, the object may be the subject or object of the verb indicating the type of Event, but semantically it should be a 'patient' in the sense of something that is affected by the Event. The Event specified is often an Action, and the Entity may be the agent of the Action, but not necessarily, as in the case of 'breakable' where the thing that breaks (may undergo a 'BreakingEvent') may be the patient of an Action, or may break even without an agent causing the breakage. This may be used to relate certain attributes labeled by words ending in '-able' to the actions that form the first part of that attribute word. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeType :AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatDidNotExperience'' relates a subtype of 'AttributeValue' to an EventType that typically (or often) causes something to have some AttributeValue that is labeled as a perfective form of the verb such as 'written' but in contrast to ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'', this Attribute specifies that the thing with this attribute **did not** experience that Event. This codifies the notion expressed by prefixing 'un-' to a perfective form that labels an Attribute that ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' that Event. This meaning might be easy to infer from the general meaning of the prefix word 'un-' and some grammatical analysis, but it is reified here to make the ontology more complete. """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :EnergyType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced' relates a subtype of 'AttributeValue' to an EventType that typically (or often) causes something to have that AttributeValue. The thing that has that AttributeValue is the direct grammatical Object of the Action and is not restricted to any type. NOTE: The AttributeValue that is the relational subject of this relation is the Attribute of the semantic 'patient' of the Event, not of the Agent. For attributes of agents,use 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing' or ''isTheAttributeOfSomeonePerforming''. One example is to relate 'IncurringDamage' to the Attribute 'Damaged'. NOTE that the subproperty ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingModifiedBy'' is needed to distinguish attribute changes caused to the main participant in an Action (e.g. ''Death'' causing the patient to be ''Dead'') to attribute changes caused to other things related to the patient that are also affected by the Event (e.g. ''Widowed'' or 'orphaned' in the case of a ''Death). """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :EnergyType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation ; owl:inverseOf :mayCauseObjectToBecome . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType :en "can't be", "cannot", "cannot be", "cannot be subjected to", "could not be", "couldn't be", "is unable to be", "unable to be", "will withstand an attempt to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnableToServeAsObjectInActionType'' relates an attribute value to some TransitiveAction in which the thing characterized by the attribute cannot participate as the 'DirectObject' ('Theme' 'Patient'). **You can't do ?X to this kind of Thing** Words that label these kinds of attributes often start with 'un-' and end in '-able', with the transitive verb between these parts. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QualitativeAttributeValue :QualitativeAttributeType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType . :isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlikelyToUndergo'' relates a type of 'AttributeValue' that attributes some form of resistance(an attribute that is a subtype of ''Resistant'' ) to the type of Event in which the Thing having that attribute.is less likely to be a Patient than is a typical instance of the same type of Thing. The attribute is usually a relative term, for something less likely to do something at the same rate of the typical thing of its type, or will not do it. This attribute is initially created to make easier the expresion of subtypes of the generic attribute ''Resistant''. For example: {''Immune'' isTheAttributeOfSomethingUnlkelyToUndergo AilmentCondition}. """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :isTheAuthorOf :en "authored", "wrote" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Author ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TextualMaterial :AbstractText :Proposition :ConceptualWork :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTheCreatorOf ; owl:inverseOf :wasAuthoredBy . :isTheAverageOf :en "is the average of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from an ''Average'' to the ''CommensurableQuantityGroup'' of which it is an average value. A ''CommensurableQuantityGroup'' may be all dimensionless numbers, or otherwise to get a meaningful average the ''QuantityGroup'' needs to all have the same ''UnitOfMeasure''). NOTE: this can be used to find a ''MedianValue'' as well as a numerical average of dimensionless numbers. If these need more specific subProperties, a new ObjectProperty should be created. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Average :MedianValue ) ] ; rdfs:range :CommensurableQuantityGroup ; owl:inverseOf :hasAverage . :isTheBeneficiaryOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'hadTheBeneficiary'." ; owl:inverseOf :isTheBeneficiaryOf . :isTheBottomPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheBottomPartOf' relates a PhysicalObject to a 'TopAndBottomSidedObject of which it is or was the Bottom part. and is located at the *conventional* Bottom of that Object (whether or not the TopAndBottomSidedObject is right-side up). The Bottom part may be removable, such as the wheels of a wheeled vehicle. NOTE that when used with a type as the object of the relation, this is interpreted as a 'typically' (default) relation, since the Bottom may be removed, and is often manufactured separately, so can have an existence independent of the object of which it is designed to be a Bottom part. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TopAndBottomSidedObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPhysicalPartOf . :isTheCapitalCityOf :guid "bd590b5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a City to a GeopoliticalEntity larger than a city, which the city is the administrative capital of. In Cyc called 'capitalCity': Cyc: The predicate #$capitalCity is used to relate a geopolitical entity to its capital. (#$capitalCity GEO CITY) means that CITY is the capital city of the #$GeopoliticalEntity GEO. Examples: the #$capitalCity of the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica is the #$CityOfWashingtonDC; the #$capitalCity of #$AmericanSamoa is #$CityOfPagoPagoSamoa. Note: to relate an instance of #$State-Geopolitical to its capital, use the more specialized predicate #$capitalCityOfThisState.""" ; rdfs:domain :CapitalCity ; rdfs:range :GeopoliticalEntity . :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isTheCauseOfMentalSituation relates some Objects, Processes or Events to a MentalEvent, Action or Mental process, which are caused in some way by the causative Object or Event. This relation allows Objects to be the 'cause' of mental events, (such as revulsion or admiration) or Actions of agents even though the act of looking at or thinking about an Object may be said to be the actual 'cause'. This relation is broad to allow direct representation of linguistic relations. The subrelation 'hadMentalEffect' is more restricted to causes that are Events. NOTE that 'situations' such as a ProblemSituation are Events, and may be related to MentalEvents by this relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :MentalObject :FunctionalProcess :Object :SubstanceType :GenericSubstance :SalientThing ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalEvent :Action :Feeling :FunctionalProcess :FeelingType :ActionType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mentalSituationWasCausedBy . :isTheCharterOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheCharterOf' relates an instance of 'Charter' (i.e. constitution) to the 'Organization' which is governed by its provisions. This is the inverse of 'hasCharter'.""" ; rdfs:domain :Charter ; rdfs:range :Organization ; owl:inverseOf :hasCharter . :isTheChemicalFormulaOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :isTheColorOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isTheColorOf is a conceptual inverse of hasColor. This relation will seldom be used except where specific objects are associated with specific colors, as oranges, lemons, fire engines, etc. So we can make a statement: 'red is the color of tomato juice'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ColorAttribute :ColorAttributeType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractSymbol :PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] . :isTheComparativeOfAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheComparativeOfAttribute'' is a relation that allows representing comparative attributes as Types, just as the positive attributes themselves are. """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType ; owl:inverseOf :hasComparativeAttribute . :isTheCompositionOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :isTheCreationTimeOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :wasCreatedDuring . :isTheCreatorOf :en "created" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheCreatorOf'' is a broad relation to subsume a number of more specific relations relating Objects or ConceptualWorks to the Person (or PersonType) who created them, or typically creates them. It may be extended to include animals or automatons that create things, but that is not its primary use. See subtype, for example, ''isTheAuthorOf''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :Creator :GenericAgent :CommercialFacility ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Artifact-Generic :TextualMaterial :AbstractText :Proposition :ConceptualWork :Object :AbstractString :ObjectType :Quality :QualityType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :wasCreatedBy . :isTheCreditorIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'hadAgentOwed'." ; owl:inverseOf :hadAgentOwed . :isTheCrossSectionalShapeOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Inverse of ''hasCrossSectionalShape''." ; owl:inverseOf :hasCrossSectionalShape . :isTheEndingPlaceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'hasEndingPlace'." ; owl:inverseOf :hasEndingPlace . :isTheEndingSubEventOf :en "comes at the end of", "ends", "is the ending part of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheEndingSubEventOf' is a SubEvent of another larger Event, and when it occurs it terminates that larger Event. It is not necessarily true that every larger Event will end with an Event type that fills the subject role of an assertion using this relation. For example, 'WinningaContest' is the ending part of a ConflictEvent, but not every ConflictEvent ends with a win by some agent - some are tied (end in a draw). NOTE: for this relation, a ''LifeStageType'' is included for its similarity to a type of StaticEvent, though its instances are formally ''TimeInterval''s in COSMO. For this purpose, the domain and range might be considered as a subset of ''TemporalThing''s. Note that the subject of this relation is *part* of the larger event which is the value; this differs from 'terminatesState', in which the subject is a separate distinct Event that causes termination of a PersistentState, but is not itself part of the PersistentState of which it causes termination. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :LifeStageType :LifeStage ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :LifeStageType :LifeStage ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :finishes, :isaSubEventOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasEndingSubEvent . :isTheEntity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheEntity' is a highly specific relation relating an instance of Favorite to name of the Entity that is the Favorite. Almost anything can be a Favorite for some person (or animal, or Organization): a favorite number, a favorite color, a favorite supplier (for some manufacturer). In most cases when one discusses a 'favorite' the type of thing of which it is the favorite is either explicit or implicit in the discourse. This relation refers to psychological states of agents, and is therefore used loosely - not very precise can be inferred from this relation, and it is used mostly to characterize personalities, preferences, or habits of agents. Each instance of Favorite should have only a single type, otherwise it would not be clear which type is the intended favorite. This is a limitation of this method of representing favorites. It can be avoided by specifying subtypes of 'Favorite' such as 'FavoriteColor', which would then be of a sinle favorite type.. As of v0.52 such subtypes have not yet been created. The type specified as the object of this relation can be any entity, For example, if one wants to say that the favorite color of someone is Blue, then this relation will point to 'Color' which is a subtype of 'AttributeType'; or it could point to 'ColorAttributeType' which is the parent type of which 'Blue' is an instance. For easier conversion to language, the object of this relation will ideally be the type that would be specified in a linguistic phrase: if we describe a favorite color, this relation should point to 'Color'.""" ; rdfs:domain :Favorite . :isTheFatherOf :ldoce "father" ; :wnsense "father1n" ; :wordnet "father" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hasFather' - relates a person to that person's current (at the time of assertion) children. This includes all kinds of children - biological, foster, adoptive, etc.. Use of this relation implies that the subject is an instance of the WordNet noun sense 1 of 'father': in Wordnet: 1. (72) father, male parent, begetter - (a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father); 'his father was born in Atlanta') """ ; rdfs:domain :MalePerson ; rdfs:range :ChildRole ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasChild ; owl:inverseOf :hasFather . :isTheFieldOfProfession a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isTheProfessionOfField . :isTheFirstElementOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasFirstElement . :isTheFlowerOfa a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheFlowerOfa' is a subproperty of 'isObtainedFrom', relating the flowers on a ''FloweringPlant'', or flowers removed from a ''FloweringPlant'' to the plant that bears those flowers. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Flower :FlowerType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FloweringPlant :PlantType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isBiologicallyDerivedFrom, :isObtainedFrom, :isProducedNaturallyBy ; owl:inverseOf :bearsFlowerType . :isTheFractionRangeOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Inverse of 'isTheFractionRangeOf'." ; owl:inverseOf :hasWeightFractionRange . :isTheFruitOfa :en "is the fruit of a" ; :guid "bf6afed2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheFruitOfa' is a subproperty of 'isObtainedFrom', specialized to relate a piece of Fruit (or a seed or nut) to the plant from which it is obtained. NOTE: the CYC relation 'fruitOfType' apears to be effectively the same as this, but being FOL includes the inverse: A binary predicate that relates specializations of #$Plant to specializations of #$Fruit. (#$fruitOfType PLANT-TYPE FRUIT-TYPE) means that FRUIT-TYPE is the type of fruit that PLANT-TYPE bears. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Fruit :Seed :PhysicalObjectType :PlantPartType ) ] ; rdfs:range :PlantType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isBiologicallyDerivedFrom, :isObtainedFrom, :isProducedNaturallyBy ; owl:inverseOf :bearsFruitType . :isTheGovernmentOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :isTheHusbandOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a person to his/her male spouse(s). In SUMO called 'husband'.""" . :isTheInabilityToPerformActionType :en "agent is unable to perform the action", "is the inability to perform the action" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheInabilityToPerformActionType'' relates some form of 'inability' to the Action that the agent performing that inability cannot do. NOTE: BUT ''prevents'' s also used (e.g. with ''Blindness'') where ''isTheInabilityToPerformActionType'' is mre meaningful. Review!! """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationProcessEventOrState :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionGroup :ActionType ) ] . :isTheIntendedAudienceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheIntendedAudienceOf'' is the inverse of 'hasIntendedAudience'', pointing from some ''Audience'' to the Communication or Performance that is intended to be heard (or Seen). """ ; owl:inverseOf :hasIntendedAudience . :isTheLargestAmong a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheLargestAmong'' points from some Object or ObjectType to a Group of Objects or some ancestor type to specify that the individual or typical instance of a type is the largest in size (volume, length, mass) among those referenced in the 'relation object'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Group :GroupType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasLargestExample . :isTheLeaderOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """For any Organization that has a recognized leader who is a single person, this relation will point from the leader to the Organization. This relation can be used more broadly to relate any person who 'leads' or is 'in charge of' another Person, Organization, GroupOfpeople, some LocationType, or Action. NOTE that this assertion will only be true in some TimeInterval for specific people, and that interval should be specified with an accompanying assertion ''holdsInTimeInterval'' specifying the time. Likewise for groups of people that are not formally organized, this relation can relate a leader to the group. It is unresolved whether a group can have a leader and not be considered as an 'Organization' - that remains to be decided, but for small groups that come together on a short-term basis and coalesce about a leader without having any other structure, this relation can serve to relate that leader to that group (consider a mob that follows a fiery speaker on the spur of the moment). """ ; rdfs:domain :Leader ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :GroupOfPeople :Person :Action :AgentType :ActionType :LocationType :CollectiveAgent ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasLeader . :isTheLocationOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isLocatedAt . :isTheMainComponentSubstanceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :SubstanceType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :SubstanceShapeType ) ] . :isTheMainConstituentSubstanceOf :en "comprises", "consists of", "constitutes", "constitutes the largest part of", "is comprised of" ; :wnsense "comprise1v", "comprise3v", "constitute1v", "make up1v" ; :wordnet "comprise", "constitute", "make up" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'consistsMostlyOfSubstance'. This relation corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'constitute' and sense 1 of 'comprise' (for substances) in WordNet: 1. (32) constitute, represent, make up, comprise, be - (form or compose; 'This money is my only income'; 'The stone wall was the backdrop for the performance'; 'These constitute my entire belonging'; 'The children made up the chorus'; 'This sum represents my entire income for a year'; 'These few men comprise his entire army') WN verb 'comprise': 1. (8) consist, comprise - (be composed of; 'The land he conquered comprised several provinces'; 'What does this dish consist of?') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :GenericSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :Region :Place ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaConstituentSubstanceOf ; owl:inverseOf :consistsMostlyOfSubstance . :isTheMainTopicOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """hasMainTopic is a subproperty of hasAbstractRepresentation and specifies that the AbstractSymbolicObject pointed to (text, image, statue or other symbolic object) relates some entity - concrete or abstract - to a MentalObject that represents - or contains a part that represents - that entity. The mental object is itself abstract in the sense of having no mass. A common example of an abstract representation is the word (string of characters) 'cat', representing a small furry animal. 'isTheMainTopicOf' is a subproperty of 'hasAbstractRepresentation', and is used to point to an AbstractSymbolicObject that was intentionally created primarily to represent the object of the relation. An abject may have many AbstractSymbolicObjects that represent it as the primary topic. This relation is used to pick out those representations that focus on a specific entity; a photo of a peron in a crows may be an abstract representation of that person, but will not be related to that person by the 'isTheMainTopicOf' relation. NOTE that though an AbstractRepresentation (such as an AbstractImage) of a person may focus on that person, but may also contain an abstract representation of the clothing or accessories that person is wearing, or of the chair s/he is sitting in, or of the cat next in his/her lap, or of anything else in that image. Thus that image may 'hasMainTopic' the person, but will also 'isanAbstractrepresentationOf' those other objects in the image that are incidental to the main topic. """ ; owl:inverseOf :hasMainTopic . :isTheMajorityOf :en "is the majority of" ; :env "is the majority of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheMajorityOf'' is a specialized relation used with the concept of a ''Majority'' of some Group, but with the 'range' being unrestricted, so that the concept ''Majority'' can be used with substance-like entities.. """ ; rdfs:domain :Majority ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; owl:inverseOf :hasMajority . :isTheMeaningRepresentationOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheMeaningRepresentationOf' is the inverse of 'hasMeaningRepresentation'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LogicalContent :LogicalSentence ) ] . :isTheMeatOf :en "is the meatof" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isTheMeatOfa is a specialization of isDerivedFrom, and specifies that the Meat which is the subject is produced naturally by some Animal, and is obtained by cutting up that animal or animal part. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Food :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalBodyPart :AnimalType :AnimalBodyPartType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isDerivedFrom ; owl:inverseOf :providesMeat . :isTheMonetaryValueOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheMonetaryValueOf'' is the inverse of 'hasMonetaryValue' and would be used for specialized subtypes of (such as ''AccountBalance'') ''MoneyMeasure'' whose meaning might be logically obscure without directly relating it to the thing whose value it it is intended to measure. May be used rarely,but money is often important enough to warrant a specific relation. """ ; owl:inverseOf :hasMonetaryValue . :isTheMotherOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hasMother' - relates a person to that person's current (at the time of assertion) children. This includes all kinds of children - biological, foster, adoptive, etc.. """ ; rdfs:domain :FemalePerson ; rdfs:range :Person ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasChild ; owl:inverseOf :hasMother . :isTheNominalFormOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Inverse of ''hasNominalForm''." ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Quality :AttributeTypeType :QualityType ) ] ; rdfs:range :QualitativeAttributeType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation ; owl:inverseOf :hasNominalForm . :isTheOccupationOfA a owl:ObjectProperty . :isTheOdorOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheOdorOf'' relates an ''Odor'' or ''OdorType'' to an Object or Substance that has (emits) that odor.. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Odor :OdorAttribute :OdorType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] . :isTheOppositeOf :en "is opposite to", "is the opposite of" ; :ldoce "opposite" ; :wnsense "opposite4adj" ; :wordnet "opposite" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """isTheOppositeOf relates one attribute to another attribute that would be commonly considered the opposite of the first attribute. There is a hub-and-spoke structure to certain core attributes and related attribute, and the notion of 'opposite' is in many cases more lexical than conceptual. This relation tries to capture the common cases of opposites. Objects may not have both of any two attributes that are related by this relation: in effect, it is a 'disjoint attribute' relation. For conceptually close relations see 'reversesTheEffectOf' (for Events) and 'hasTheOppositeEffectOf' (for Events) and 'contrastsWithFeeling' (for Feelings). Corresponds approximately to parts of adjective senses 4 and 5 of 'opposite' in WordNet: 4. (3) opposite - (the other one of a complementary pair; 'the opposite sex'; 'the two chess kings are set up on squares of opposite colors') 5. (3) opposite - (altogether different in nature or quality or significance; 'the medicine's effect was opposite to that intended'; 'it is said that opposite characters make a union happiest'- Charles Reade) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QualitativeAttributeType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeType :Adjective :Adverb ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QualitativeAttributeType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeType :Adjective :Adverb ) ] . :isThePlaceOfOriginOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isThePlaceOfOriginOf'' is an inverse of ''hasPlaceOfOrigin''. This relation can be used for Places that are particularly notable for what (Event, Object, Idea) started there.""" ; owl:inverseOf :hasPlaceOfOrigin . :isThePostalAddressOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :isThePrefixForContext a owl:ObjectProperty . :isTheProductOf :ldoce "because" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isTheProductOf relates an Object (abstract or physical) to the PhysicalEvent in which it was created. NOTE that more than one Event can give rise to a specific product, therefore there may be more than one value of this relation on any given object or substance. Also, an Event can give rise to more than one product, therefore using this relation does not imply that the object is the only product of the Event. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalObject :GenericSubstance :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType :PhysicalObjectType :AttributeTypeType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Object :ObjectType :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTheResultOf ; owl:inverseOf :produced . :isTheProfessionOfField a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheProfessionOfField'' relates a ''FieldOfExpertise'' to some ''Profession'' (usually only one) that uses the lore of that 'FieldOfExpertise'' to inform its practise. This relation is useful to fill in the gap between ''ProfessionalPerson''s and the ''FieldOfExpertise'' in which they are expert. This gap is partly bridged by the requirement for *some* ''ProfessionalPerson''s that a ''ProfessionalPerson'' is both expert in some field and also practices some Profession. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Profession :OccupationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FieldOfExpertise :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheFieldOfProfession . :isTheProgressiveFormOf a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """Relates an adjective having the 'ing form' (gerundive, progressive) of a verb to string representing the base verb from which it was derived. Although the relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingDoing'' also has a similar meaning this relation will be useful for cases where the verb is itself represented by the gerundive form, or the former relation is not accurate. The string can referece both the base form and the label of the COSMO entry representing the action specified by the base form. For example, attribute ''Changing'' can be related both to the base form 'change' and to the EventType ''BecomingEvent'' which is the most general type representing changes. The meanings of 'ing' adjectives are not consistently related to the base forms: 'Developing' can be to any meaning of 'develop', but is used in one sense only in reference to one sense of 'develop'. The base form is referenced by a string, and in the case where the base verb is also represented by an EventType, that type is also referenced. The base verbs of such adjective can be deduced from lexical principles, but since there are possible errors in such a procedure, this relation can make the relation clear.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheQualityOfSomethingWithAttribute'' points from a ''Quality'' which is a nominalized adjective to the base adjective. Thus something that *is* (some AttributeValue) *has* somesubtype of ''Quality'' something that *is* ''Elegant'' *has* ''Elegance''. A similar adjective cross-relation is ''isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute'' relating a State to an adjective describing something in that state. That relation is implied by tis because this is a subproperty of that one. This differs from usage of 'Quality' in DOLCE and BFO: BFO note: DOLCE note: 'Quality'in BFO and DOLCE is a category appearing to be functionally equivalent to the COSMO 'AttributeType', and perhaps 'AttributeValue', but perhaps differing as described below. This 'synonym' is one case where the 'synonym' may serve as a placeholder for a related but different category not yet used in reasoning. BFO rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource='#spatio-temporal-particular' There is a true difference of Quality and AttributeValue, in that in DOLCE a 'Quality' is a Trope, whereas in COSMO an 'AttributeValue' is a DOLCE Quality Region. Because Tropes are not yet (v0.35) used in COSMO, this category is a placeholder for possible future supplementation. DOLCE: Quality: Qualities can be seen as the basic entities we can perceive or measure: shapes, colors, sizes, sounds, smells, as well as weights, lengths, electrical charges... 'Quality' is often used as a synonym of 'property', but this is not the case in this upper ontology: qualities are particulars, properties are universals. Qualities inhere to entities: every entity (including qualities themselves) comes with certain qualities, which exist as long as the entity exists. In DOLCE, qualities are tropes that are considered to inhere in the objects that possess the quality; they are individuals and therefore cannot have subclasses; therefore each instance of 'quality' is a spatio-temporal-particular. Each quality is located in some quality region by the relation 'has-quale'. A 'quale' may be the location for many qualities. DOLCE definition of quale: 'An atomic region', The DOLCE 'qualities' will seldom need be used in reasoning, as the tropes have few relations with other entities. The interesting entities will be the quales, or AttributeValues. COSMO note: Examples of Dolce qualities would be the redness of a particular rose, or the shape of a particular ball. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QualityType :Quality ) ] ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute ; owl:inverseOf :isAnAttributeOfSomethingWithQuality . :isTheQuantityThatWillFillA :en "is the quantity that will fill a" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheQuantityThatWillFillA' relates a 'ContainerFull' to the ContainerType whose volume (or carrying capacity, for open-top containers) is the quantity intended as the object of this relation.. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QuantityType :ContainerFull ) ] ; rdfs:range :ContainerType . :isTheRecipientOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'hadRecipient'." ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTheBeneficiaryOf ; owl:inverseOf :hadRecipient . :isTheResultOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The Inverse of 'hasResult'." ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Object :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasResult . :isTheSecondElementOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasSecondElement . :isTheShapeOfa a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Inverse of ''hasShape''." ; owl:inverseOf :hasShape . :isTheStartingPartOf :en "begins with", "comes at the beginning of", "comes at the start of", "is the starting part of", "starts" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """the subject of 'isTheStartingPartOf'is a SubEvent of another larger Event, and when it occurs it forms the beginning part of that larger Event. It is not necessarily true that every larger Event will begin with an Event type that fills the subject role of an assertion using this relation. NOTE: this may just duplicate 'starts' - sperfluous?? This is a specialization of 'starts' relating only Events. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :LifeStageType :LifeStage ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaSubEventOf, :starts . :isTheStartingPlaceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'hasStartingPlace'." ; owl:inverseOf :hasStartingPlace . :isTheStartingTimeOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasStartingTimePoint . :isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute :en "is the state of something with attribute", "subject has attribute" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheStateOfSomethingWithAttribute'' relates a ''PersistentState'' to AttributeValues that can be asserted for a Thing (of any type)in that stte. This relates nouns such as ''Wholeness'' (integrity) to the attribute ''Whole'' that a would be asserted of something that has wholeness. This can be used generally to relate something in the state ''HavingAnAttribute''' to the AttributeValue that is characteristic of that state. Parent: \"impliesAgentAttribute\" includes ''AssertingEvent'' See also ''hasObjectOfState'' to relate a PersistentState to some object(s) that may exist in that state. This is a specialized relation to relate these conceptually related terms and concepts. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :PersistentState :QualityType :Quality ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :QualitativeAttributeType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :impliesAgentAttribute, :interGrammarPartRelation ; owl:inverseOf :isTheAttributeOfSomethingInTheState . :isTheSubjectOfState a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE: for the correlated realation on objects of a state, use ''wasTheDirectObjectOf''. (equivalent to ''is the object of state' for 'States' subtypes of ''Event''). """ ; owl:inverseOf :hasSubjectOfState . :isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheSuperlativeOfAttribute'' is a relation that allows representing superlative attributes as Types, just as the positive attributes themselves are. """ ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType ; owl:inverseOf :hasSuperlativeAttribute . :isTheThirdElementOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaComponentElementOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasThirdElement . :isTheTimeOfEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheTimeOfEvent'' is the inverse of ''occurredInTimeInterval'', used to associate a 'TimePoint' with some obaerved Event. The TimePoint is technically a TimeInterval, so any degree of accuracy fits into this relation. """ ; owl:inverseOf :occurredInTimeInterval . :isTheTopPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheTopPartOf' relates a PhysicalObject to a 'TopAndBottomSidedObject of which it is or was the top part. and is located at the *conventional* top of that Object (whether or not the TopAndBottomSidedObject is right-side up). The top part may be removable, such as the lid of a jar with a lid. NOTE that when used with a type as the object of the relation, this is interpreted as a 'typically' (default) relation, since the top may be removed, and is often manufactured separately, so can have an existence independent of the object of which it is designed to be a top part. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TopAndBottomSidedObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPhysicalPartOf . :isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTheTraitOfSomeoneWithAttribute'' relates a ''PersonalityTraitType'' (a subtype of ''PersonalityTrait'') AttributeValues that can be asserted for a person with that ''PersonalityTrait''. This relates nouns such as ''Kindness'' to the attribute ''Kind'' that a person with ''Kindness'' will characteristically exhibit. This is a specialized relation to relate these conceptually related terms and concepts. """ ; rdfs:domain :PersonalityTraitType ; rdfs:range :PersonalityType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation, :takesValue ; owl:inverseOf :isTheAttributeOfSomeoneWithTrait . :isTheTuberOfa a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTheTuberOfa' is a subproperty of 'isObtainedFrom', specialized to relate a tuber from a tuberous plant such as the PotatoPlant, to the plant type from which it is obtained..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :PlantType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isProducedNaturallyBy . :isTheUnitObjectOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasUnitObject . :isTheWifeOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a person to his/her female spouse(s). In SUMO this relation is called 'wife'. """ . :isTrueIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isTrueIn'' relates some Assertion, Proposition, or PropositionType to Some Context, Theory, or PossibleWorld or ContextType in which that Proposition is intended to be ''True''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Assertion :PropositionType :Proposition ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ContextType :Context :Theory :PossibleWorld ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasTruthContext . :isTypicallyConnectedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTypicallyConnectedBy' is a specialized relation that can be used to describe the kind of Connector typically used to connect an Attachment to the thing it is usually attached to. This is a 'typical' relation, since things that are designed to be attached to othehr things are not always attached at all times.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :Attachment ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isNearTo . :isTypicallyConnectedTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTypicallyConnectedTo' expresses the relation between Artifacts or naturally evolved objects that are designed - by man or nature - to be connected to other PhysicalObjects. Because some things designed to be connected (such as plumbing fixtures) are not at all times in their existences actually connected, this relation can be used to express one aspect of the design of objects, without asserting (as is done by 'isConnectedto') that the connection exists at all times within the relevant context.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] . :isTypicallyControlledBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "." ; owl:inverseOf :controlsManually . :isTypicallyFollowedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'typicallyFollows', can be used to specify default Events usually precede the subject Events. See also 'occurredEarlierThan'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :typicallyFollows . :isTypicallyLocatedAt a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isTypicallyLocatedAt' relates an ObjectType or Object to the location type where it is commonly located. The location can be an adjacent location, not necessarily within a designated location. (for more definite adjacency use 'isAdjacentTo') But this does not require even that a majority of such objects are located there, just that there is a salient association of the Object with the place.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] . :isTypicallyManagedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """To specify that some entity 'isTypicallyManagedBy' some agent does not mean that it is controlled only by that agent; this is suggestive of what may control something.""" ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isControlledBy ; owl:inverseOf :typicallyManages . :isTypicallyPerformedAt a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isTypicallyPerformedAt relates an Action type to the location type where it commonly occurs, or with which it is commonly associated, as in Baseball being played on a baseballField. But this does not require even that a majority of such events occur there, just that there is a salient association of the event with the place..""" ; rdfs:domain :ActionType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity . :isTypicallyPerformedByRoleType a owl:ObjectProperty . :isTypicallyProducedByEventType a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :typicallyProduces . :isTypicallySteeredBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "." ; owl:inverseOf :steers . :isTypicallyaPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """isTypicallyaPartOf relates types objects to other types of objects, where the one is typically (more often than not) a part of the other. This relation is a type-level relation and can be used for wither physical or abstract objects. For physical objects, the more specific 'isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf' should be used For abstract objects, this relation can be used to relate parts of things like texts or grammars to the larger structures of which they are typically a part.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] . :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf relates types of physical objects to other types of physical objects, where the one is typically (more often than not) a part of the other. This relation is a type-level relation and is not time-dependent - though the relation may be invalidated if the definition of a physical object type changes. It expresses a probability, and its transitive closure also expresses a similar probability. Its inverse is 'typicallyHasPhysicalPart' though the probabilities in the two directions are not necessarily the same. NOTE that the domain and range include PhysicalObjects as well as types; this is to allow inheritance of the restriction for instances, but for any assertion with this relation or its inverse, the object should be a type, not an instance. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isNormallyLocatedAt, :isTypicallyaPartOf ; owl:inverseOf :typicallyHasPhysicalPart . :isUnableToServeAsAgentInActionType :en "can't", "cannot", "cannot perform", "could not", "couldn't", "does not have the ability to", "is unable to", "unable to" ; :wnsense "unable1adj", "unable2adj" ; :wordnet "unable" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """canServeAsAgentInActionType relates an Agent to a type of action that the Agent can perform. The reverse ''canServeAsAgentInActionType'' has a rough COSMO equivalent (''hasCapability'') referring to ''Capability'', but this relation does *not* have a similar reference to a 'Capability'. Includes adjective senses 1 and 2 of 'unable' in WordNet: 1. (21) unable - ((usually followed by 'to') not having the necessary means or skill or know-how; 'unable to get to town without a car'; 'unable to obtain funds') 2. (5) unable - ((usually followed by 'to') lacking necessary physical or mental ability; 'dyslexics are unable to learn to read adequately'; 'the sun was unable to melt enough snow') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType . :isUndesirableTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isUndesirableTo' relates and UndesirableThing to the Agent to whom it is undesirable. 'undesirable' includes 'harmful' and this can be applied to things that cause damage or destruction of plants as well as animals. Perhaps a more specific relation should be made for plant-damaging things. But - herbivores like Deer??? Use ''feedsOn''. """ ; rdfs:domain :UndesirableThing ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType :OrganismType ) ] . :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isUsedAsInstrumentInAction'' relates a type of instrument or substance to the type of Event in which that instrument is typically or commonly used. This is not a subproperty of 'hasDesignFunction', or vice-versa, because not every artifact is an Instrument, and a DesignFunction is considered as a Capability in COSMO. 'instrument' in this sense is very general, and can be things that do not act on other objects, such as balls used in ball games, or can be substances that are used to facilitate an Action, such as grease for lubrication, or can even be some BodyPart that an Animal can.manipulate to perform some Action. The actions that are enabled are not necessarily the DesignFunction of the subject of this relation. When the thing used is an artifact not reasonably classified as an 'instrument' the relation ''isDesignedToBeUsedInAction'' should be used. For a more specific relation that only relates PhysicalObjects to an Action they can be used in, use ''canServeAsInstrumentInActionType''. For the assertions relating specific instances of objects to the particular Events in which they were used, use 'wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent'""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :Device :UsefulThing :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isUsedInAction ; owl:inverseOf :usesInstrument . :isUsedAsResourceInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isUsedAsResourceInAction'' relates an Object or substance type of Action in which that object or substance is commonly used, and forms part of the final product or helps impart desired properties to the final product. This is for resources used in Actions that are not themselves'instruments', such as components of products or raw materials processed into products. A Brick used to make a building or a starting chemical to make a drug would be examples. See also ''isUsedToMake'' to relate useful things to the products of Actions producing products, rather than the Actions doing the producing. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :ResourceType :Group :Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Role :RoleType :Action :ActionType :UsefulThing ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Procedure :Specification :SpecificationType :Goal :GoalSituation :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory :Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isUsedInAction ; owl:inverseOf :usesResource . :isUsedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :uses . :isUsedInAction :en "is used for" ; :ldoce "use" ; :wnsense "use1v" ; :wordnet "use" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isUsedInAction' relates any 'Device', 'DeviceType' or 'UsefulThing' to some Action or ActionType or TopicType that it is useful in performing or studying, i.e. in what way is it useful? This is used in preference to ''canServeAsInstrumentInActionType'' when there is only one or two specific action types that the instrument is saliently used in. Corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'use' in WordNet: 1. (1387) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ - (put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; 'use your head!'; 'we only use Spanish at home'; 'I can't use this tool'; 'Apply a magnetic field here'; 'This thinking was applied to many projects'; 'How do you utilize this tool?'; 'I apply this rule to get good results'; 'use the plastic bags to store the food'; 'He doesn't know how to use a computer') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :ObjectType :EventType :SubstanceType :EnergyType :Object :Event :Device :UsefulThing :PhysicalSubstance :Resource ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action :TopicType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :canBeUsedInAction, :enablesOrAssists . :isUsedInLanguage :en "is used in language" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Specifies the ''Language'' or context in which some ''Word'', ''Language'' or ''Synonym'' is used; For ''Synonym's the Language specified is that in which a synonymous term is synonymous with its base domain argument term. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Synonym :Vocabulary :Word ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Language :Vocabulary :LanguageType ) ] . :isUsedInTable a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isUsedInTable points from a specific value of a String used in a specific DatabaseTable to the table(s) in which it is used. this relation will be used, in connection with 'valueSpecifiesType', to determine which type is being represented in a particular row (record) in a MultipleEntityTable, which represents multiple Types of ontology entities in a single table. Since the ColumnValueString is formatted with enough information to specify which table in which database it resides in, this relation may not be needed if that string can be parsed by the translator program. But if parsing is unfeasible or too costly, this relation can specify the table.""" ; rdfs:domain :ColumnValueString ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DatabaseSubtable :MultipleEntityTable ) ] . :isUsedToAssess a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isUsedToAssess relates a TestProcedure or WrittenTest to something that the procedure is intended to assess (or determine, or measure, or find, or discover, or learn). This is very broad,but does not include measuring devices, which are related to the Measurements they generate by the relation 'isUsedToMeasure'""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TestProcedure :SpecificationType :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isAssessedBy . :isUsedToMake a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isUsedToMake'' relates and Object or ObjectType to some Object or substance that that Object is used (as an instrument) to make. This can be for artifacts or natural objects, and therefore does not require that the object used be an artifact, or be designed for the indicated purpose, or that it be a formal ''Instrument'' though it will usually be an Artifact. See also ''isUsedAsResourceInAction'' to relate useful things to theAction of rducing products, rather than the products themselves. For artifacts that are designed for specific purposes, ''hasDesignFunction'' can be used, to point to the Action enabled by the artifact. In effect ''isUsedToMake'' can point directly some Object or Substance, from an Object that is used as an instrument in its preparation or manufacture, without using ''hasDesignFunction'', which would necessitiate creating a superfluous representation of an Action in which that Object or Substance is made. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeMadeUsing . :isUsedToMeasure a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isUsedToMeasure relates a type of measuring device to the type of quantities that it is designed to measure. For relating testing procedures to the things they assess, use 'isUsedToAssess'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MeasuringDevice :MeasuringDeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MeasurableQuantityType :MeasureType :AttributeTypeType :TimeIntervalType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :wasMeasuredBy . :isUsedToTreat a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isUsedToTreat'' relates an instance or type of DrugProduct to some ''AilmentCondition'' that is expected to be relieved or reduced by the DrugProduct or ''MedicalCareEvent''. NOTE that in the Range, 'ObjectType' is used to specify the type of 'Right' that may be limited. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MedicalCareEvent :DrugProduct :DrugSubstanceType :MedicalTreatmentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AilmentCondition :ActionType :AilmentType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hinders ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeTreatedBy . :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isVeryKnowledgeableAbout' is a subproperty of 'isKnowledgeableAbout', and points from an IntelligentAgent (typically a person, but possibly an automaton) to a field of knowledge about which that agent has a mastgerly level of knowledge more than over 90% of the practitioners in the field.. In order to be knowledgeable about a topic, a person must have studied that topic. Observations gained from practical experience are a form of 'studying' for this purpose, if they are remembered and mentally organized. ##ToDo: This implication should be formalized.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :FictionalCharacter :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :Knowledge :TopicType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isKnowledgeableAbout ; owl:inverseOf :isaTopicOfExpert . :isVisibleFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isVisibleFrom'' specifies that a particular Object can be seen in some form of light from some GenericLocation or LocationType..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Person :AgentType :LocationType ) ] . :isWearing :ldoce "wear" ; :wnsense "wear1v", "wear2v" ; :wordnet "wear" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isWearing' relates an agent, which could be an animal or an inanimate thing like a mannequin, to some instance of 'SomethingToWear' that the agent is wearing at some particular time. NO distinction is made between sense 1 and 2 of 'wear' in WordNet because is can be difficult to decide whether someone is 'dressed in' some item or merely bears it on one's person; someone wearing a gold wristwatch or Jewelrey is an instance of this relation. See also 'WearingSomething' for the closely related Action. Includes verb sense 1 and 2 of 'wear' in WordNet: 1. (85) wear, have on - (be dressed in; 'She was wearing yellow that day') 2. (22) wear, bear - (have on one's person; 'He wore a red ribbon'; 'bear a scar') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :LegalAgent :GenericAgent ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Clothing :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :possesses ; owl:inverseOf :isMostlyWornBy . :isWeightFraction a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """isWeightFraction is a very specialized relation for subtypes of Type 'FractionalComponentSubstance', which specifies the fraction of the domain argument that is represented by the specific instance of 'FractionalComponentSubstance'. In English, this might be expressed as (20% Oxygen) for a substance whose parent is Oxygen, and whose percentage (by weight) is 20. For the rationale requiring this relation, see 'FractionalComponentSubstance'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :FractionalComponentSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :isWellAcquaintedWith :en "is acquainted with", "is familiar with", "is well acquainted with", "knows" ; :wnsense "acquainted1adj", "familiar with1adj", "know4v" ; :wordnet "acquainted", "familiar with", "know" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isWellAcquaintedWith'' relates a ''Person'' to some other Person, place, method of doing things, or knowledge in general with which the subject has more than passing acquaintance - 'Jack is familiar with New York City' = 'Jack isWellAcquaintedWith NewYorkCity'. If one is a friend of someone else, use 'isaFriendOf'. Approximately the same as WordNet adjective 'acquainted': in WordNet: 1. (1) acquainted, acquainted with, familiar with - (having fair knowledge of; 'they were acquainted'; 'fully acquainted with the facts') WN verb 'know': 4. (76) know - (be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object; 'She doesn't know this composer'; 'Do you know my sister?'; 'We know this movie'; 'I know him under a different name'; 'This flower is known as a Peruvian Lily') """ ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isAcquaintedWith . :isWithinAnOrderOfMagnitudeOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isWithinAnOrderOfMagnitudeOf' relates one numerical quantity (dimensionless number or ConstantQuantity) to another and asserts that the ratio r of the numerical values of the two fall in the range 10 > r > 0.1 Thus: {{3 meters} isWithinAnOrderOfMagnitudeOf {10 meters}}.""" ; rdfs:domain :Quantity ; rdfs:range :Quantity . :isWithinTimeInterval a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This is the SUMO relation 'during' relating one TimeInterval to an overlapping and surrounding TimeInterval, but renamed. For Events that overlap, see 'occursDuring' (during ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that ?INTERVAL1 starts after and ends before ?INTERVAL2. """ ; rdfs:domain :TimeInterval ; rdfs:range :TimeInterval ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaTemporalPartOf, :overlapsTemporally . :isWithinaFactorOfTwoOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isWithinaFactorOfTwoOf' relates one numerical quantity (dimensionless Number or ConstantQuantity) to another and asserts that the ratio r of the numerical values of the two fall in the range 2 > r > 0.5 Thus: {{3 meters} isWithinaFactorOfTwoOf {2 meters}}.""" ; rdfs:domain :Quantity ; rdfs:range :Quantity ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isWithinAnOrderOfMagnitudeOf . :isaBiologicalRelativeOf :guid "bd58b143-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: a 'biological relative' that satisfies this relation may be either genetically related, or related as or through a birth mother or birth child. Thus someone may be a 'biological relative' without having any direct genetic relationship. For the more specific genetic relation, use 'isaGeneticRelativeOf. the Cyc relation appears to be intended as genetic, though the Cyc documentation does not explicitly distinguish birth mother from others. Cyc: 'biologicalRelatives': (#$biologicalRelatives ORG1 ORG2) means that the #$Organism-Whole ORG1 and the #$Organism-Whole ORG2 are biological relatives, related by birth.""" ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaRelativeOf . :isaBranchOf :en "is a branch of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasBranch . :isaCapabilityOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CapabilityType :Capability :Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :GenericAgent :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] . :isaCharacteristicPartOf :en "is a characteristic part of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasCharacteristicPart . :isaCitizenOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaCitizenOf relates a Person to the country (nation) of which s/he is a citizen. In the case of dead people, the last country(s) of which they were a citizen still apply.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :Country . :isaClaimedTerritoryOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaClaimedTerritoryOf relates a geographical area with recognized boundaries to some Government organization that claims control over that territory. In SUMO this relation is called 'claimedTerritory'. The inverse relation is 'claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory' SUMO: (claimedTerritory ?AREA ?POLITY) means that some right over the GeographicArea ?AREA is claimed by the Agent or ''GeopoliticalRegion'' ?POLITY. If two politically independent states or agents claim the same area, that area is a 'disputed territory'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeopoliticalRegion :GeographicalArea ) ] ; rdfs:range :GeopoliticalEntity ; owl:inverseOf :claimsJurisdictionOverTerritory . :isaColleagueOf :en "has colleague", "is a colleague of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """Relation for Persons who are ''Colleague''s - see 'Colleague;;, """ ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :Person . :isaColumnInDBTable a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DatabaseTable :DatabaseSubtable ) ] . :isaCommercialProductOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaCommercialProductOf' relates an Artifact (concrete or abstract) that was produced for intended sale to the Agent or Agents who created it. """ ; rdfs:domain :Artifact-Generic ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :CommercialFacility :AbstractString ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasCreatedBy ; owl:inverseOf :hasCommercialProduct . :isaCompetitorOf :en "is a competitor of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaCompetitorOf' points from one of the Contestants in a ConflictEvent to another of the Contestants who is competing for the same Goal (prize, victory, trophy). This is symmetrical, as every competitor of a Contestant also has that Contestant as Competitor (even if s/he does not consider it likely that s/he will lose). """ ; rdfs:domain :IntentionalAgent ; rdfs:range :IntentionalAgent . :isaComponentElementOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaComponentElementOf relates some entity to a Group of which it is a member. It is the inverse of 'hasComponentElement'. Since Groups are not defined arbitrarily, and seldom defined automatically, this relation will typically be used only when it makes sense to do so. For example, one may define a Group of 'attendees' of some particular meeting. Then to say that a Person is a member of that Group would allow inference that that Person was in a particular place at a particular time..""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Group :List ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPartOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasComponentElement . :isaComponentObjectOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaComponentPartOf a owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """ NOTE that some type of Device may be a 'component part' of more than one type of Device, so the presence of this relation does not mean that a Device can only be part of one type of Device.. Multiple ''isaComponentPartOf'' relations may appear as restrictions on a single type of Device. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArtifactObjectType :ArtifactObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPhysicalPartOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasComponentPart . :isaComponentSubstanceOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaConcentrationOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isaConcentrationOf'' is an inverse of ''hasConcentration''. This relation can be used for concentration measures that are relatively specific for one or several types of substance. For example, ''RelativeHumidity'' ''isaConcentrationOf'' ''WaterVapor''.""" ; owl:inverseOf :hasConcentration . :isaConstituentSubstanceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hasConstituentSubstance'. NOTE that this includes ''Event' and ''EventType'' in the range, even though those elements are not included in the domain of ''hasConstituentSubstance. This is because this property is also an inverse of 'containsAbstractSubstance'', used to refer to things that contain the abstract substance ''Energy'' and its subtypes. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :GenericSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :Event :EventType :Region :Place ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isContainedIn, :isaPartOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasConstituentSubstance . :isaConstraintInDB a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaContinuationOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "." ; rdfs:domain :Continuation ; rdfs:range :Event . :isaContractionFor a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaContractionFor' relates an instance of 'Word' to another Word that is used as a contraction. The contraction may include an apostrophe. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Word :WordString ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :isaDesignFunctionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasDesignFunction . :isaDistinguishingValueInColumn a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaDramaticRoleOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Inverse of 'hasDramaticRole' - points from an instance of 'DramaticRole' to a 'PlayScript' in which that specific DramaticRole has been scripted.""" ; rdfs:domain :DramaticRole ; rdfs:range :PlayScript . :isaDriedFormOfSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaDriedFormOfSubstance relates substances that are inherently liquid (paint, blood) to the dry substance that is formed by the drying of the liquid. The dried substance may have substantially different properties fomr the liquid, because chemical changes occur in addition to evaporation of the solvent.""" ; rdfs:domain :SubstanceType ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType . :isaFanOf :en "likes" ; :ldoce "like" ; :wnsense "like1v", "like2v", "like3v", "like4v" ; :wordnet "like" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This relates people, and types of people to some other Person or Organization (such as a sports team) of which they claim to be, or can be said to be, a 'fan' (''FanEnthusiast'') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :enjoys . :isaFavoriteOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'hasFavoriteThing'." ; rdfs:domain :Favorite ; rdfs:range :IntentionalAgent ; owl:inverseOf :hasFavoriteThing . :isaFavoriteOfType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaFavoriteOfType' is a highly specific relation relating an instance of Favorite to the type of thing of which it is the favorite (for some agent). Almost anything can be a Favorite for some person (or animal, or Organization): a favorite number, a favorite color, a favorite supplier (for some manufacturer). In most cases when one discusses a 'favorite' the type of thing of which it is the favorite is either explicit or implicit in the discourse. This relation refers to psychological states of agents, and is therefore used loosely - not very precise can be inferred from this relation, and it is used mostly to characterize personalities, preferences, or habits of agents. Each instance of Favorite should have only a single type, otherwise it would not be clear which type is the intended favorite. This is a limitation of this method of representing favorites. It can be avoided by specifying subtypes of 'Favorite' such as 'FavoriteColor', which would then be of a sinle favorite type.. As of v0.52 such subtypes have not yet been created. The type specified as the object of this relation can be any entity, but it should be related to the Favorite by some relation of instance or subtype. For example, if one wants to say that the favorite color of someone is Blue, then this relation will point to 'Color' which is a subtype of 'AttributeType'; or it could point to 'ColorAttributeType' which is the parent type of which 'Blue' is an instance. For easier conversion to language, the object of this relation will ideally be the type that would be specified in a linguistic phrase: if we describe a favorite color, this relation should point to 'Color'.""" ; rdfs:domain :Favorite . :isaFeatureOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "the inverse of 'hasFeature'." ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Feature :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :overlapsOrTouches ; owl:inverseOf :hasFeature . :isaFeelingOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isaPersonFeeling . :isaFeelingOfSomeoneWithAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :agentHasAttribute . :isaFictionalPortrayalOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaFictionalPortrayalOf' relates an entity in a work of fiction to some entity in our real world which served (more or less closely) as the model that the 'FictionalThing' is intended to represent . The entity portrayed by the FictionalThing may be a real-world PhysicalObject or Event. Other than 'FictionalPerson', there are few specific subtypes of 'FictionalThing', so this relation may be used to relate things in fiction to the types of things (events, objects) that they portray, even if there is not specific instance of those things that can be specified as a real-world referent. """ ; rdfs:domain :FictionalThing ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :EventType :Object :SituationProcessEventOrState :GenericAgent :AgentType ) ] . :isaFileRepresentationOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaForeignKeyInDB a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaFractionalComponentOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaFractionalComponentOf' is a specialized relation for use in specifying the composition of a subtype of 'FractionalComponentSubstance'; or the density of a substance represented as a ''SubstanceDensity''. For the rationale behind the use of this relation, see 'FractionalComponentSubstance'. NOTE that a given substance that is a subtype of 'FractionalComponentSubstance' can relate to many parent substances that have that fraction of that substance. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :FractionalComponentSubstance :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance :SubstanceDensity ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceDensity :FractionalComponentSubstance ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasFractionalComponent . :isaFreedomFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaFreedomFrom' relates an instance or type of Freedom to the Limitation that is absent in that specific Freedom. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Freedom :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Limitation :LimitationType ) ] . :isaFreedomToDo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaFreedomToDo' relates an instance or type of ''Freedom'' or ''Right'' to the Action that an agent is 'free' (or permitted) to do. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Freedom :Right :ActionType :RightType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] . :isaFriendOf :en "is a friend of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isaFriendOf'' relates a ''Person'' to some other Person (or ''GroupOfPeople'' with whom s/he has a friendly relation. This same relation can be used to specify one friend or multiple friends. """ ; rdfs:domain :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :AgentGroup ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isWellAcquaintedWith . :isaGoalOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaGoalOf relates an instance of a Goal to the ''InentionalAgent'' that has that Goal. Each instance of a Goal is held by some 'IntentionalAgent' (animal, person, group) for some period of time. The time interval when a Goal is active may be open-ended.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GoalType :Goal ) ] ; rdfs:range :IntentionalAgent . :isaGraduateOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isaGraduateOf'' from a graduate of some school the specific ''School'' from which the Student graduated. """ ; rdfs:domain :Graduate ; rdfs:range :School . :isaHabitatFor a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasTypicalHabitat . :isaHabitatOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that ''isaHabitatOf'' means that the animal pointed to *may* inhabit such a place, i.e. the place is capable of providing some useful serivice - food, shelter,mates - of an animal, but no animal needs to ever actually take advantage of that. """ ; owl:inverseOf :inhabits . :isaHigherLevelOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaHigherLevelOf' is a transitive relation, similar to 'isMoreIntenseThan' that allows the ordering of IntensiveAttributeValues and varying degrees of Capability or Quality; This relation can used for AttributeValues that have some kind of measure to discriminate levels, as well as those whose evaluation is more intutive, such as ''Expertise''. When used to relate ''OrganismCondition''s, this can be interpreted as 'is better for the organism''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Ability :OrganismCondition :CapabilityType :QualityType :IntensiveAttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CapabilityType :QualityType :IntensiveAttributeValueType :Ability :OrganismCondition ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaLowerLevelOf . :isaKinOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from one member of a KinshipGroup to some other. See also 'RelatedAsKin, an AttributeValue.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :Person . :isaLabelFor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaLabelFor' relates LogicalFunctions (which are often words in English) to ontology elements that carry at least some of the meanings of the word, used as a LogicalFunction. This is in effect an inverse of word-pointer annotation relations such as 'ldoce' and 'wordnet', but it is only used for the words that are included in COSMO as instances of LogicalFunction.""" ; rdfs:domain :LogicalFunction . :isaLimitOnAttributeType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaLimitOnAttributeType' relates a Limit to the 'AttributeTypeType' or 'AttributeType' or'QuantitativeAttributeType'' that is limited.""" ; rdfs:domain :Limit ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeTypeType :AttributeType :QuantitativeAttributeType ) ] . :isaLimitationOfType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaLimitationOfType' relates an instance or type of Limitation to the Action that an agent is free to do, The type of a Limitation is not restricted - it could be 'Rule' 'Law', 'Insufficient Money (time, space)', 'Social Convention' 'Phobia', 'Barrier' or anything else that can constrain action. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Limitation :LimitationType ) ] . :isaLimitationOnActionOrRight a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaLimitationOnAction' relates an instance or type of Limitation to the Action that an agent is limited in doing, or the Right that is limited by that Limitation. NOTE that in the Range, 'ObjectType' is used to specify the type of 'Right' that may be limited. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Limitation :LimitationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :Right :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hinders ; owl:inverseOf :hasLimitation . :isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity points from a GenericLocation to some ActionType that is associated with, or commonly performed, at that location.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:range :EventType ; owl:inverseOf :isTypicallyPerformedAt . :isaLowLevelOf :ldoce "absence" ; :wnsense "absence1n" ; :wordnet "absence" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isaLowLevel'' is subproperty of ''hadMissingThing'' relating a ''PersistentState'' (or EventType) to some other thing that has substantially lower than normal level or quantity in the kind of situation the relation is applied to. This differs from the parent relation ''hadMissingThing'' in that the absence is more than just a (statistically significant) relative absence - ''hadMissingThing'' can indicate almost any significantly lower than normal level of something in a situation. Thus we can specify {Health isTheAbsenceOf AilmentCondition}. Includes noun senses 1 and 2 of 'absence' in WordNet: 1. (25) absence - - (the state of being absent; 'he was surprised by the absence of any explanation') 2. (8) absence - - (failure to be present) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :Object :ObjectType :Capability :CapabilityType :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadMissingThing . :isaLowerLevelOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isaHigherLevelOf . :isaMeasureOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isMeasuredBy . :isaMemberOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GroupOfPeople :GroupType :Organization :OrganizationType :PoliticalPartyType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isAssociatedWithAgent . :isaMethodTo :en "in order to", "is required for" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaMethodTo' expresses the relationship between goals and methods (ways to accomplish a goal). The subject and object of this relation are PredicatePhrases (logical) or their linguistic equivalents, 'VerbPhrase's, or whole Assertions. Linguistically, there are various ways of expressing this notion of possibility, e.g. 'Do X in order to do Y' or 'to do Y you must(can) do X' Where X and Y are verbPhrases or Assertions. For example, to express ' \"hasPurpose\" See also conjunction ''soThat' and relation ''isaMethodTo'' This can also be used to express required actions as an enabler of other actions: For example, to express 'In order to vote you must register' in KIF (isaMethodTo Registering Voting) """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PredicatePhrase :VerbPhrase :Assertion :PropositionType ) ], [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PredicatePhrase :VerbPhrase :Assertion :PropositionType ) ] . :isaMoleculeOfSubstance a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaMoleculeOfSubstance relates molecules (physical objects) to the substances that have that molecule as a unit. In implementations that allow functions, a molecule can be generated by a function on the substance. Where molecules are reified, this relation will serve a similar purpose."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:domain :Molecule ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType . :isaMultiplicandOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaNativeOf :en "birthplace", "has native country", "is a native of", "was born in" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """;;isaNativeOf;; is a subproperty of ''hasBirthplace'' relating a person to a ''Country'' in which s/he was born. """ ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Country :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasBirthplace . :isaNeighborOf :guid "bd58a1a5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Symmetrical relation between people who live in the same 'Neighborhood'. THe boundaries of 'neighborhood's can overlasp, so this relation can apply even though the subject and object do not both live in a predefined *named* 'neighborhood'""" . :isaPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaPartOf is a very general 'part' relation applicable to spatial regions or objects in some space. This relation has no axioms associated with it because it is only an 'umbrella' relation that gathers together other relations having different meaning, so as to provide an anchor point for the ambiguous linguistic notion of 'part' It cannot be transitive, because it subsumes the relation of a member to the group, which is not transitive. But some of its subrelations are transitive. NOTE that to say that something is a part of something else - or inversely, that something has a part - can present issues of implementation and some nuances of interpretation. Regarding implementation, if one asserts that every object ?O of type ?T has a part of type ?P, then for each individual of the ?T type it follows that some part of type ?P must exist. Then the reasoner must be instructed what to do if there is no individual of type ?P that is specifically asserted to be a part of object ?O. One option is to refuse to accept data asserting exstence of object ?O because no part is instantiated. Another option is to automatically instantiate *every* implied part - this can be done in a FOL reasoner by 'Skolemization' - creating a Skolem function that returns the individual. One may want alternative options - to be able to assert a necessary part relation, but *not* to create a Skolem individual if the part itself is not also asserted. In interpretation, it will be necessary to decide whether, for a type ?T that has necessary parts, whether the parts must be in place for an instance of type ?T to exist. If a musical instrument is broken down into its parts in a carrying case, is there a musical instrument in the case, or doe the instrument only exist when it is assembed and functional? These issues are not decided in COSMO, but the 'part' relations can be asserted at the individual or type level, and the proper interpretation of such relations will need to be determined before an implementation can reason accurately with the knowledge in the ontology. NOTE: this and its subproperties are usually instance-level relations, but types are included because they are used in some of the subrelations. To express that some physical object type is *typically* (but not necessarily) a part of another physical object type, use the type-level relation, 'isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf'. An example would be a limb of an animal, which can be severed, and when thus separated may still be properly called a animal's limb - but not normally connected.""" ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialThing :Object :GenericAgent :Group :Event :FunctionalProcess :Region :Place :SubstanceType :GenericSubstance :EventType :ObjectType :List :GenericLocation :LocationType :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasPart . :isaParticipantIn :en "participated in" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """the inverse of 'hasParticipant'. This relation points from an instance of something (physical or abstract, type essentially unrestricted) to an Event in which the thing participated (in any role). There are many subrelations - but missing as of rev981 is a generic 'object' relation that indicates that something is the 'patient' in the grammatical sense of some Event. @ToDo - add a 'hadPatient' relation? - then would hae to make others as subrelations. """ ; owl:inverseOf :hasParticipant . :isaParticleForVerb a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaParticleForVerb associates a particleWord with one or more specific verbs for which it may function as a particle. At this point (v0.34), rather than point to an instance of Verb, this relation points to a string representation of the Verb. To disambiguate word senses, specific verb senses also need to be associated with particles, but that will be done by an ObjectProperty relation.""" ; rdfs:domain :VerbSpecificParticle ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :isaPerceptionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaPerceptionOf' relates a ''Perceiving' or ''Apparition'' event to the specific Event or type of Event or Object that is or was perceived.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Apparition :Perceiving :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :Object :ObjectType :AttributeValueType :GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] . :isaPersonFeeling a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaPersonFeeling' relates a Person or PersonType to the type of Feeling felt or Proposition believed that characterizes the type of person experiencing that Feeling. 'believes'is a better relation for believers, but the range is left flexible here. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonType :RoleType :Person ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :PropositionType :FeelingType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaFeelingOf . :isaPhysicalPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaPhysicalPartOf relates physical objects to the larger objects of which they may be parts. This is time-dependent and applies only to instances at a particular time. It is transitive, for any given time point. This is to be interpreted as a proper part, not the whole object. NOTE: @@ToDo! **TEmporary** for convenience in relating chemical molecules to their parts the range has been extended (rev1165) to include ''SubstanceType'' - this violates the absence of such a range in the parent relations (but the reasoner doesn't notice). NOTE that this is an instance-level relation. To express the typical part-whole relation of physical object types, use 'isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasReferenceLocation, :isLocatedAt, :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf, :isaProperPartOf, :overlapsOrTouches ; owl:inverseOf :hasPhysicalPart . :isaPhysicalRepresentationOf :ldoce "represent" ; :wnsense "represent1v", "represent2v" ; :wordnet "represent" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hasPhysicalRepresentation'. Important NOTE: this property and its inverse 'hasPhysicalRepresentation' relate a physical object such as a 'Book-Physical' with its corresponding 'AbstractObject', in this case a 'Book-Abstract'. There is a related property, 'hasAbstractRepresentation', which relates one 'AbstractObject' to another 'AbstractObject'. For more detail on that relation, see 'hasAbstractRepresentation'. For use in a generic sense, a type of PhysicalRepresentation may represent more than one type of AbstractObject. A common example of an abstract representation that can be the object of this relation is the word (string of characters) 'cat', representing a small furry animal; or an abstract picture of a cat. NOTE that an AbstractRepresentation (such as an AbstractImage) of a person will contain an abstract representation of that person, but may also contain (and thus be, in this sense) an abstract representation of the clothing or accessories that person is wearing, or of the chair s/he is sitting in, or of the cat next in his/her lap, or of anything else in that image. NOTE that a document may be a 'PhysicalRepresentationOf' ofmore than one AbstractObject; for example, the content could be represented by an abstract formatted text, or by an unformatted text, or by the logical content of the text. Corresponds approximately to part of verb senses 1 and 2 of 'represent' in WordNet: 1. (39) represent, stand for, correspond - (take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to; 'Because of the sound changes in the course of history, an 'h' in Greek stands for an 's' in Latin') 2. (30) typify, symbolize, symbolise, stand for, represent - (express indirectly by an image, form, or model; be a symbol; 'What does the Statue of Liberty symbolize?') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SymbolicObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasPhysicalRepresentation . :isaPossibleShapeFor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Inverse of ''canAssumeTheShapeOfa''." ; owl:inverseOf :canAssumeTheShapeOfa . :isaPreconditionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] . :isaPrecursorInReaction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer from a 'ChemicallyDefinedSubstance' (an instance of SubstanceType) to some 'ChemicalTransformationEvent' (a chemical reaction, in synthesis or biosynthesis) in which the subject substance is a precursor (a 'ChemicalPrecursor') of the product. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :ChemicalTransformationEvent ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasPrecursorInReaction . :isaPrecursorOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer from a 'ChemicallyDefinedSubstance' (an instance of SubstanceType0 to another 'ChemicallyDefinedSubstance' that can be derived from the first (precursor) substance in a chemical reaction ('ChemicalTransformationEvent'). This is a specialized relation used in describing chemical or biochemical synthetic pathways. It may sometimes be referenced in talking about chemical substances prioduced in large quantity, as in 'ethylene is a precursor for many polymeric materials'. The precursor and product chemicals should reference 'ChemicallyDefinedSubstance's, i.e. chemicals whose composition (and usually structure) is known. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasPrecursor . :isaPrimaryKeyInDB a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaPrimarySubdivisionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from one part of a GeopoliticalEntity to the larger GeopoliticalEntity of which it is a first (primary) political subdivision.""" ; rdfs:domain :GeopoliticalEntity ; rdfs:range :GeopoliticalEntity ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAt . :isaProperPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaProperPartOf is a very general 'part' relation applicable to spatial regions or objects in some space. See the parent property 'isaPartOf' for more detail. NOTE that the subject of this relation need not exist - it may be only hypothetically a 'proper part' of something, as in the case of a 'MissingPart''. This could be a subproperty of 'owl:differentFrom' ??? """ ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialThing :Object :GenericAgent :Group :Event :FunctionalProcess :Region :Place :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :EventType :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPartOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasProperPart . :isaPurposeOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasPurpose . :isaReadinessFor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaReadinessFor' is a higly specialized relation that relates a 'Readiness' situation to some Event for which the thing is Ready..""" ; rdfs:domain :Readiness ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] . :isaRelativeOf :guid "bd58b1b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO: the most general family relation, not limited to biological relatives, similar to the Cyc 'relatives'. NOTE that everyone is nominally a 'relative' to another (through Adam or some other ancestor), but this relation can only be used when the relationship can actually be traced (by historical or legal record or DNA sequence) so that the line of relationship can be determined. Cyc: named 'relatives' - (#$relatives ORGANISM1 ORGANISM2) means that ORGANISM2 is some relative of ORGANISM1, howsoever the relationship is traced, biologically or through custom, rearing or adoption.""" ; rdfs:domain :Person ; rdfs:range :Person ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaKinOf . :isaRepresentationOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """points from any representation, abstract or physical, to that thing it represents. the represented thing is commonly a PhysicalObject or Event, but is not restricted here. This sense of 'representation' is construed broadly, as it can apply to a SymbolicObject that reminds a Person of something. """ ; owl:inverseOf :hasRepresentation . :isaRequiredInputFor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaRequiredInputFor relates an Object or Substance to some PhysicalEvent or PhysicalProcess which cannot proceed unless the Object is a participant in the Event or Process. The Object need not be comsumed in the Event. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaRequiredResourceFor ; owl:inverseOf :hasRequiredInput . :isaRequiredInstrumentForAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction, :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent ; owl:inverseOf :requiredInstrument . :isaRequiredResourceFor :en "is a necessity for", "is needed for", "is required for" ; :ldoce "depend", "need" ; :wnsense "depend on1v", "depend on2v", "depend1v", "need1v" ; :wordnet "depend", "depend on", "need" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaRequiredResourceFor relates some resource (money, personnel, time, a substance, an Object ) to some PhysicalEvent or PhysicalProcess which cannot proceed unless the Resource is a participant in the Event or Process; or to a Goal whose end state cannot be achieved without the Resource. The Object needed not be consumed in the Event. NOTE that this is usually an Event that depends on a resource: this relation can be used to express the notion that an Object depends on some resource for its *functioning* when the functioning is not expicitly represented as an Event. (somewhat different in meaning). This corresponds approximately to verb sense 1 of 'depend', both senses of 'depend on' and verb sense 1 of 'need' in WordNet: 1. (10) depend - (be contingent upon (something that is elided); 'That depends') 1. (46) depend on, devolve on, depend upon, ride, turn on, hinge on, hinge upon - (be contingent on; 'The outcomes rides on the results of the election'; 'Your grade will depend on your homework') 2. depend on, rely on - (be dependent on, as for support or maintenance; 'elderly parents often depend on their adult children') WN verb 'need': 1. (112) necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take, involve, call for, demand - (require as useful, just, or proper; 'It takes nerve to do what she did'; 'success usually requires hard work'; 'This job asks a lot of patience and skill'; 'This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice'; 'This dinner calls for a spectacular dessert'; 'This intervention does not postulate a patient's consent') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :ResourceType :Group :Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Role :RoleType :Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Procedure :Specification :SpecificationType :Goal :GoalSituation :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory :Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :enablesOrAssists ; owl:inverseOf :requiresResource . :isaResponsibilityOf :en "is the responsibility of", "was the responsibility of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaResponsibilityOf relates a Responsibility for doing something (which could be a management post) or of having done something to the IntelligentAgent(s) who is expected to perform or has performed that action or have a responsibilty to perform that Action. **NOTE**: this relation is also used in a variant sense in the Event ''AttributingSomethingToSomebody'' - in that case the 'somebody' who is an object of this relation is the one *to whom* the 'Something' is attributed. This can be used, for example, in ''Blaming'' or ''GivingCredit'' in which case the patient (object) of the relation will be the agent to whom the blame or credit is asserted to belong. This might be a separate relation (a subproperty of this one?). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Responsibility :ResponsibilitySituation :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range :IntelligentAgent ; owl:inverseOf :hasResponsibility . :isaResultDueToTendency a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaResumptionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from an Event ?E2 to an Event ?E1 of the same type and having the same particdipants as ?E2, but which stopped some time before the beginning of ?E2; ?E2 is considered a continuation of ?E1, and the combined Event consisting of ?E1 and ?E2 is a discontinuous Event of the same type as ?E1 and ?E2.""" ; rdfs:domain :Resumption ; rdfs:range :Event . :isaRitualOfGroup a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isaRitualOfGroup'' relates Rituals that are distinctively associated with certain cultural groups or Organizations, to the group or Organization or culture of which that ritual is a distinctive activity. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Ritual :CeremonyType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BeliefSystem :Organization :GroupOfPeople :Culture :BeliefType :OrganizationType :AbstractObjectType ) ] . :isaRowInDBTable a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseRecord ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTable . :isaSalientSubstanceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :SubstanceType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :SubstanceShapeType ) ] . :isaSecondaryKeyInDB a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaShapedFormOfSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaShapedFormOfSubstance relates categories of shaped substances to the substance of which it is composed. The shaped form itself is considered collectively as a substance, conceptually being some number of individual objects, or some extent of divisible material in that particular shape. Lumber or aluminum foil would be examples that should be related to their constituent substances.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMainComponentSubstance . :isaSiblingOf :en "has sibling", "is a sibling of" ; :guid "bd58e3e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """Relation for Mammals who have at least one parent in common. CYC ('siblings'): (#$siblings ANIMAL-1 ANIMAL-2) means that the #$Animal ANIMAL-1 and the #$Animal ANIMAL-2 are siblings; that is, either they share one or more biological parents, or they are siblings by adoption, marriage, or some other social arrangement. Human siblings are generally (but not always) reasonably close in age (within 15 years or so), and generally (but not always) have grown up together in the same family. """ ; rdfs:domain :Mammal ; rdfs:range :Mammal ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasCloseRelative, :isaBiologicalRelativeOf . :isaSignOf :en "is a sign of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaSignOf relates a specific Sign or SignType to something to which it refers in some way - perhaps by providing evidence os something, or merely. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Sign :SignType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :signifies . :isaSmallPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isaSmallPartOf'' relates a PhysicalObject to some ''PhysicalObject'' or ''physicalObjectType''to a larger ''PhysicalObject'' of which it is or was a part. This allows specifying that 'part' is significantly smaller than the whole of which it is or was a part. For instances, the use of a ''FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance'' as the domain allows specifying what fraction of the whole the small part is. It should be a lot less than one half. The use of 'is' rather than 'was' in the label does not have any iplication of whether the part is still attached or is detached from the parent whole object. See ''Fragment'' for one use. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :FractionalPartOfObjectOrSubstance :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPhysicalPartOf, :isaProperPartOf . :isaSoluteOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isaSoluteOf'' is used to relate a ''Solute'' to the Solution of which it s a ComponentSubstance. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Solute :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Solution :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaComponentSubstanceOf . :isaSourceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaSourceOf specifies what comes from a Source. What comes must be an Object (abstract or physical) or a Substance. NOTE that this can be used to 'source' quotations as well, to point to the published material in which the quotation can be found. But to refer to the person which is a 'source', use the relation 'wasAuthoredBy'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Source :ObjectType :Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :SubstanceType :GenericSubstance :Object :EnergyType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isThePlaceOfOriginOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasSource . :isaSpatialPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaSpatialPartOf relates spatial things (regions or physical objects) to the larger objects or regions of which they may be parts. This allows mixed relations, such as physical objects being a 'spatial part' of a region, though regions and physical objects are disjoint. This is time-dependent and applies only to instances at a particular time. It is transitive.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAt, :isSmallerThan, :isaPartOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasSpatialPart . :isaSubEventOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaSubEventOf' is the inverse of 'hasSubEvent', and relates one Event to another, larger Event in which the smaller Event is included. The subevent may be a temporal part of the larger Event, including all subevents in some TimeInterval (in which case, use 'isaTemporalPartOfEvent'), or it may represent only some of the fluents that are represented in the larger Event. This is somewhat similar to the 'subprocess' relation of SUMO: SUMO (subprocess) (subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC) means that ?SUBPROC is a subprocess of ?PROC. A subprocess is here understood as a temporally distinguished part (proper or not) of a Process. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPartOf, :occursDuring ; owl:inverseOf :hasSubEvent . :isaSubOrganizationOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaSubOrganizationOf' is the inverse of 'hasSubOrganization', and relates one Organization to another, larger Organization of which the smaller Organization is included as a part. The smaller Organization may be several levels down, as this relation is transitive. NOTE that this is a subproperty of 'wasCreatedBy': all suborganizations are created by their parent organization.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPartOf, :wasCreatedBy ; owl:inverseOf :hasSubOrganization . :isaSubgroupOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasSubgroup . :isaSubstringOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaSubstringOf relates an AbstractString to another AbstractString of which it is a part. Each string is also a substring of itself.""" ; rdfs:domain :AbstractString ; rdfs:range :AbstractString ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isContainedInObject ; owl:inverseOf :hasSubstring . :isaSurfaceCoatingOn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isaSurfaceCoatingOn'' relates a ''Coating'' to some SolidObject on which it is a ''Coating'' Example: describing a ''PaintCoating'' . """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Coating :PhysicalObject :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObject :SolidObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isPartOfOrAttachedTo . :isaSymptomOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaSymptomOf relates a Symptom (a Sign of some abnormality) to the AbnormalCondition of which it is a sign.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Symptom :SignType ) ] ; rdfs:range :ConditionType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaSignOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasSymptom . :isaSynonymOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer from a concept to another concept of which it is a synonym. This is a crude method to permit search in Protege for synonyms of terms in the class search window. In v0.3 these synonyms were confined to classes. For other synonyms, use 'hasSynonym'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (owl:Class :Synonym ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (owl:Class :Synonym ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isaSynonymOf . :isaTableInDB a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTable ; rdfs:range :Database . :isaTemporalPartOf a owl:TransitiveProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasTemporalPart . :isaTemporalPartOfEvent a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """isaTemporalPartOfEvent relates one Event to another Event of which the subject Event is a part. This is a relation on instances, not types of events, so the part of a particular oath-taking event when the oath-taker raises her hand may be a temporal part of the oath-taking event. The part must be a proper part of the larger event. **NOTE** that a temporal part includes **every** part of an event that occurs during some specific time interval, not just the changes in some selected fluents that take place in a time interval. So if the larger Event has multiple fluents represented, the changes in all of those fluents that take place in some time interval during an Event must be represented in the Event pointed to as the subject of the 'isaTemporalpartOfEvent' relation. **IF** one wants to refer to the changes in a single fluent during some part of a larger Event in which multiple fluents are represented, then use the 'hasSubEvent' relation.""" ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range :Event ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaPartOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasEventTemporalPart . :isaTendencyToPerformAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaTendencyToPerformAction' relates a type of ''Tendency'' to type of Action that things with that tendency are likely to perform (at least with some probability significantly higher than those things without that tendency). NOTE the domain was broadened at rev1497 to include ''Motive'' so that the kind of Action that a motive induces can be specified with this relation. The label should perhaps be changed?? This relation is most useful for its subProperties applicable to human traits, ''disposesToAction'' and its subproperty ''disposesToFeeling'' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :TendencyType :Tendency :PersonalityType :PersonalityTraitType :FeelingType :ObjectType :PersonTraitValue :Feeling :Motive ) ] ; rdfs:range :ActionType ; owl:inverseOf :isAnActionDisposedByTendency . :isaTimeSliceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ isaTimeSliceOf relates an instance of TimeSlice to the PhysicalObject (or other entity) of which it is a TimeSlice. In COSMO PhysicalObjects may be 3 or 4 dimensional, and this relation allows one to create a TimeSlice of an object, so as to specify properties in a particular time interval, and relate that time slice to the dimension-neutral object of which it is a TimeSlice. If one creates an explicitly 4D object (an instance of Object4D), that object can also have a TimeSlice. The relation 'hadMainParticipant' can also be used to relate an ''Object4D'' to the Object or Object3D that is the base entity that is extended in time to create an Object4D. At this point """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeSlice :Object4D ) ] . :isaTopicOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasTopic . :isaTopicOfExpert a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''isaTopicOfExpert'' is the inverse of ''isVeryKnowledgeableAbout'', pointing from a Topic about which an agent is very knowledgeable to an intelligent agent that is expert in that Topic.""" ; owl:inverseOf :isVeryKnowledgeableAbout . :isaTypicalInstanceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaTypicalInstanceOf' points from an instance of a type (Class) to that type itself. This relation is used to assert that the properties of the instance are those typical of the type. This relation will be particularly useful for reasoning about prototypes in FOL versions of COSMO. For example, if a particular type typically has certain types of parts: e.g. 2 legs and 2 arms for a person, then asserting that a particular ?Person isaTypicalInstanceOf 'Person' will imply that that ?Person has 2 arms and 2 legs. The relations that use 'typically' will asociate with this relation to allow certain inferences that might otherwise require a specialized default reasoner. Also, the 'hasPartCardinality' relation is interpreted as implying typical properties, and those part cardinalities thus asserted should hold for any instance that is asserted to be a typical instance with this relation. NOTE: as with many other relations, this relation can only be properly interpreted as true in a particular context, time, and place. The mechanisms for assuring that context is taken into account are not properly elaborated in the OWL version of COSMO. NOTE: this relation is not functional; it is possible to be a typical instance of more than one type. The 'typicality' does not propagate up or down the class hierarchy. To be a typical instance of one type does *not* imply that an individual is a typical instance of a parent type or of a subtype. """ ; rdfs:range owl:Class ; owl:inverseOf :hasTypicalInstance . :isaUniqueKeyColumnForTable a owl:ObjectProperty . :isaValueOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The inverse of 'takesValue'." ; rdfs:domain :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:range :AttributeTypeType ; owl:inverseOf :takesValue . :isaVersionOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isaVersionOf' relates some 'Specification' to another 'Specification' of which it is a prior or subsequent modification. """ ; rdfs:domain :Specification ; rdfs:range :Specification . :isamemberOfOrganization a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :IntelligentAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaMemberOf . :isanAbstractRepresentationOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """points from an abstract representation (for example, an AbstractString or AbstractImage) of something to that thing it represents. The abstract string 'the cat' could point to a specific instance of a cat A DateTimeExtendedGroup string would point to a TimeInterval.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Communication :AbstractObject :AbstractObjectType :MentalObject :InformationBearingThing :AbstractEvent :Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaRepresentationOf ; owl:inverseOf :hasAbstractRepresentation . :isanAnniversaryOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Relates an AnniversaryDay to the Event of which it is an Anniversary.""" ; rdfs:domain :AnniversaryDay ; rdfs:range :Event . :isanImageOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isanImageOf relates an AbstractImage to the physical entity (or one of the entities) that it is an Image of, where the subject is the primary subject of the image (though the thing pointed to by this relation may not cover over half the total area, the remainder should be 'background'. This evaluation depends on the intention of the person creating the image. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractImage :PhysicalImage ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasAnImageOf . :isanIntensiveFormOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isanIntensiveFormOf' relates a more general FeelingType to a more specific and more intensive form of that Feeling. The more intensive form may or may not overlap as a subtype of the more general form - that is, the two forms of Feeling related by this relation may be disjoint (the first a lower intensity and the second a higher intensity), or the first may be the general form covering all intensities, and the second a subtype covering higher intensities. Also, it is not necessary for the attributes related by this relatikon to be subtypes (subattributes), since one such attribute may have charactersitics (such as directeness, in Feelings) independent of the emotional quality of the attribute. This relation may need to be divided to distinguish the two type of relation of feelings.""" ; rdfs:domain :FeelingType ; rdfs:range :FeelingType . :isanInternalPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :isanIonizedFormOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A specialized relation to relate ions to the unionized forms of the compund. Used mostly for relating metal ions to metals. NOTe that one may specify an atom or molecule or the unionized substance to the ion, which itself it an Object. One may also consider a group of ions as a substance, and relate that 'Substance' to the unionized chemical substance. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance :ChemicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType :ChemicallyDefinedSubstance :ChemicalObject ) ] . :isstimulatedBySubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance ) ] . :it :ldoce "it" ; a :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun in the neuter gender, usually referring to something other than a Person. """ . :its :ldoce "its" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive and a Determiner." . :itself :ldoce "itself" ; a :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun used in a reflexive sense, referring to a neuter subject. """ . :joules a :EnergyUnit . :justNow :en "only a moment ago" ; :wnsense "just now1adv", "just3adv" ; :wordnet "just", "just now" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """''justNow'' is an adverb similar to 'lately' in specifying that the thing aserted occured in the recent past, but ''justNow'' asserts that the recent past is very recent, from a few minutes to a few seconds ago.. see relation ''occurredEarlierThan'' for a related concept. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'just now' in WordNet: 1. (1) just, just now - (only a moment ago; 'he has just arrived'; 'the sun just now came out') """ . :justifiesAction :wnsense "excuse4v", "explain away1v", "justify1v", "justify2v", "justify3v", "rationalize1v" ; :wordnet "excuse", "explain away", "justify", "rationalize" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'justifiesAction' relates a MentalObject, (e.g. a document, communication) or a Communication or some ArguingInFavorOfSomething to some Action or ActionType that an Agent has performed or desires to perform. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'justify' in WordNet: 1. (17) justify, warrant - (show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for; 'The emergency does not warrant all of us buying guns'; 'The end justifies the means') 2. (9) justify, vindicate - (show to be right by providing justification or proof; 'vindicate a claim') 3. (2) apologize, apologise, excuse, justify, rationalize, rationalise - (defend, explain, clear away, or make excuses for by reasoning; 'rationalize the child's seemingly crazy behavior'; 'he rationalized his lack of success') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ArguingInFavorOfSomething :Communication :InformationObject :InformationBearingThing ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :refersToExternalEntity . :kids a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language word that is a childish term for the ehtry, not used by adults other than in talking to children or in jest.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :kilo :hasAbbreviation "k"^^xsd:string ; :hasMultipleValue :N_1000 ; :hasNumericalValue "1000"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "kilo" ; a :UOMPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix concatenated at the front of a UOM symbol indicating that the unit is 'one thousand of' the base unit.""" . :kilograms :en "kilograms" ; :isLargerBy1000than :grams ; :ldoce "kilo", "kilogram" ; :wnsense "kilo1n", "kilogram1n" ; :wordnet "kilo", "kilogram" ; a :UnitOfMass, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure that is equivalent to one 'kilogram' - one thousand gramss. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kilometer' in WordNet: 1. (7) kilogram, kg, kilo - (one thousand grams; the basic unit of mass adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; 'a kilogram is approximately 2.2 pounds') """ . :kilometers :en "kilometers" ; :isLargerBy1000than :meters ; :ldoce "kilometer" ; :wnsense "kilometer1n", "kilometre1n", "klick1n", "km1n" ; :wordnet "kilometer", "kilometre", "klick", "km" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure that is equivalent to one 'kilometer' - one thousand meters. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'kilometer' in WordNet: 1. (3) kilometer, kilometre, km, klick - (a metric unit of length equal to 1000 meters (or 0.621371 miles)) """ . :knows :en "is aware of", "knows" ; :ldoce "know" ; :wnsense "know1v", "know2v", "know3v", "know4v", "know7v" ; :wordnet "know" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A relation between an IntelligentAgent and some kind of knowledge - whether that knowledge is factual, procedural, or merely (as in a Vocabulary) the referent for some Designator. This is a very broad sense of 'know' including knowing by having personal acquaintance (knowing someone). Subproperties may be distinguished, by as of rev977 this is the only 'knows' predicate (a subproperty of 'believes'). In the case of 'knowing someone' the 'Belief' is the reference link between the name and the individual. See also ''Knowing''. Does the assertion 'knows' imply that the thing 'known' is probably true? Interesting point from Leo Obrst about 'knowing': [LO] The usual linguistic notion is that you don't know the truth value of an embedded statement, but that the verbs and other locutions of the main statement containing the embedded statement gives you some indication on how you should treat the embedded statement. Linguistically, verbs like 'know', 'assert', 'regret', etc., as opposed to 'believe', 'think', etc., allow the truth value of the embedded statement to 'leak' out to the encompassing statement, i.e., as a kind of presuppostion. This is typically considered pragmatic construal, and analyses go back to (at least) Kartunnen (1973). See: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/presupposition/. This is an intensional context, as Chris and Pat indicate. Propositional attitudes are notoriously hard: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/prop-attitude-reports/. In AI, folks such as Fagin et al [1] have attempted to unpack some of this. SUMO 'know' is included but somewhat narrower: (documentation knows 'The epistemic predicate of knowing. (%knows ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT knows the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that %knows entails conscious awareness, so this %Predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or unconscious knowledge.') (=> (knows ?AGENT ?FORMULA) (believes ?AGENT ?FORMULA)) (=> (knows ?AGENT ?FORMULA) (true ?FORMULA True)) Includes verb senses 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 of 'know' in Wordnet; sense 5, of knowing by experience, may be included: in WordNet: 1. (593) know, cognize, cognise - (be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about; 'I know that the President lied to the people'; 'I want to know who is winning the game!'; 'I know it's time') 2. (142) know - (know how to do or perform something; 'She knows how to knit'; 'Does your husband know how to cook?') 3. (124) know - (be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt; 'I know that I left the key on the table'; 'Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun') 4. (76) know - (be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object; 'She doesn't know this composer'; 'Do you know my sister?'; 'We know this movie'; 'I know him under a different name'; 'This flower is known as a Peruvian Lily') 5. (17) know, experience, live - (have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations; 'I know the feeling!'; 'have you ever known hunger?'; 'I have lived a kind of hell when I was a drug addict'; 'The holocaust survivors have lived a nightmare'; 'I lived through two divorces') 7. (1) know - (have fixed in the mind; 'I know Latin'; 'This student knows her irregular verbs'; 'Do you know the poem well enough to recite it?') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :FictionalCharacter ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :Knowledge :TopicType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :believes ; owl:inverseOf :isKnownBy . :lacks :en "does not have", "does not have any", "has no", "has none of", "is missing", "is missing any", "is without", "lacks" ; :ldoce "lack" ; :wnsense "lack1v" ; :wordnet "lack" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'lacks' expresses the notion that an entity or type of entity lacks (has none of) something that might be expected of an entity of that type. This is very broad, applicable to many situations, so there are no domain or range restrictions. In an FOL implementation this would be a 'disjointRelation' from 'has'. Relation 'hadMissingThing' has a similar meaning,but is slightly more restricted in application. Linguistically can also be expressed as 'has no' ('J. has no arms') or 'is missing' or 'is missing any' and other phrases. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'lack' in WordNet: 1. (31) miss, lack - (be without; 'This soup lacks salt'; 'There is something missing in my jewellery box!') """ . :late :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Tardy ; :ldoce "late" ; :wnsense "late3adv" ; :wordnet "late" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'during the last temporal part of some event'. The adjective is related but separate, being an AttributeValue. For the sense of 'late in the Evening' use 'lateInTheEvening'; for 'late for an Event' use 'afterTheScheduledTime' This is the sense intended in phrases such as 'late in the year', 'at a late point in the meeting', 'she was promoted late in her career'. In the Random House Webster 'late' has 4 distinguished senses: 10. after the usual or proper time, or after delay: to arrive late. [early 3] 11. until after the usual time or hour; until an advanced hour, esp. of the night: to work late. [early 2] 12. at or to an advanced time, period, or stage: The flowers keep their blossoms late in warm climates. [early 1] 13. recently but no longer: a man late of Chicago, now living in Philadelphia. Compare the RHW senses of 'early' 1. in or during the first part of a period of time, a course of action, a series of events, etc.: early in the year. 2. in the early part of the morning: to get up early. 3. before the usual or appointed time; ahead of time: They came early and found their hosts still dressing. 4. far back in time: The Greeks early learned to sail and navigate. 5. early on, with but little time elapsed; early in the course of a process, project, etc.; early in the game. WordNet has 4 senses, corresponding respectively to RHW senses 1, 3, and 2: in WordNet: 1. (16) late, belatedly, tardily - (later than usual or than expected; 'the train arrived late'; 'we awoke late'; 'the children came late to school'; 'notice came so tardily that we almost missed the deadline'; 'I belatedly wished her a happy birthday') 2. (3) deep, late - (to an advanced time; 'deep into the night'; 'talked late into the evening') 3. late - (at an advanced age or stage; 'she married late'; 'undertook the project late in her career') 4. recently, late, lately, of late, latterly - (in the recent past; 'he was in Paris recently'; 'lately the rules have been enforced'; 'as late as yesterday she was fine'; 'feeling better of late'; 'the spelling was first affected, but latterly the meaning also') WN This COSMO sense corresponds to WordNet sense 3 and RHW sense 12 of 'late'. 3. late - (at an advanced age or stage; 'she married late'; 'undertook the project late in her career') """ . :lateInTheEvening :ldoce "late" ; :wnsense "late2adv" ; :wordnet "late" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """An adverb specifying that an Event took place (or usually takes place) in the last part of the evening hours, between 8 PM and midnight; For other senses of 'late' see 'late' and 'afterTheScheduledTime'. Linguistically, this sense may be signalled by phrases such as 'stayed up late' or 'late in the evening' or 'late that night'. This sense corresponds to part of RHW sense 11 of 'late' and to WordNet sense 2: . RHW 'late' : 11. until after the usual time or hour; until an advanced hour, esp. of the night: to work late. [early 2] in WordNet: WN 'late': 2. (3) deep, late - (to an advanced time; 'deep into the night'; 'talked late into the evening') """ . :lately :ldoce "lately" ; :wnsense "lately1adv", "recently1adv", "recently2adv" ; :wordnet "lately", "recently" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'during the most recent few (days,weeks,months.years), modifying a sentence. The actual period must be determined by the context and the type of action desctribed by the sentence; often it means 'wtithing the past few days', but the time period intended can extend over years. This is the sense intended in phrases such as 'I haven't seen him lately (within the past few weeks)', 'The stock market has been very bearish lately (within the past few months)' In the Random House Webster 'lately' has only one sense: of late; recently; not long since: He has been very grouchy lately. WordNet 'lately' has 1 sense, same as adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'recently': in WordNet: 1. (7) recently, late, lately, of late, latterly - (in the recent past; 'he was in Paris recently'; 'lately the rules have been enforced'; 'as late as yesterday she was fine'; 'feeling better of late'; 'the spelling was first affected, but latterly the meaning also') WN adv 'recently': 2. (8) recently, newly, freshly, fresh, new - (very recently; 'they are newly married'; 'newly raised objections'; 'a newly arranged hairdo'; 'grass new washed by the rain'; 'a freshly cleaned floor'; 'we are fresh out of tomatoes') """ . :later :wnsense "by and by1adv", "later2adv" ; :wordnet "by and by", "later" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """An indefinite time in the future; the time of reference is usually the time of speaking.. For a future time more specific to a past or future event use ''afterwards''. Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'later' in WordNet: 2. (19) by and by, later - (at some eventual time in the future; 'By and by he'll understand'; 'I'll see you later') """ . :ldoce a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to the word in the LDOCE (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English) defining vocabulary which the given element represents. Since the LDOCE words can be polysemous, and the nominalized forms of verbs in the COSMO will not be identical to verb meanings, this is not intended as a one-to one mapping, but in many cases the occurrence of a word in a text will be related to the COSMO concept representation by a more or less complex transformation. """ ; rdfs:label "Longman vocabulary word"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :lest :en "lest" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :lex :en "Longman vocabulary word" ; a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to an English word of which the given element represents at least one sense. This is used when there should be some lexical reference, but it is not in either WordNet or LDOCE defining vocabulary. """ ; rdfs:label "Longman vocabulary word" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :licensesThePractiseOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'licensesThePractiseOf' relates an instance or type of 'LicenseToPractice' to the Professon the proactise of which is licensed by that license. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LicenseToPractice :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Occupation :OccupationType ) ] . :liesAcross :ldoce "across" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """liesAcross relates one physicalObject to another PhysicalObject over which the first spans. This is one sense of 'across' and this specific sense requires that the object crossing over (above in the gravitational field) the second object is in touch with the second object at some points. This does not include the 'spanning' sense of a bridge (use 'crossesAbove'), nor the action sense of an object moving over another (e.g. crossing a road). No WordNet sense corresponds. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isAbove-Touching ; owl:inverseOf :isCrossedBy . :light-years a :UnitOfLength, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to part (not the unit of measure) noun sense 1 of 'light year' in WordNet: 1. (1) light year, light-year - (the distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1 year; 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion kilometers) """ . :lightly :wnsense "lightly1adv", "lightly2adv", "lightly3adv", "lightly4adv", "lightly5adv", "lightly6adv", "lightly7adv" ; :wordnet "lightly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''lightly'' has several common meanings, which will need FOL to differentiate. All are included here. Seven senses in WordNet: 1. (4) lightly - (without good reason; 'one cannot say such things lightly') 2. (2) lightly, light - (with few burdens; 'experienced travellers travel light') 4. (2) lightly - (indulging with temperance; 'we eat lightly in the morning') 5. (2) lightly - (with indifference or without dejection; 'he took it lightly') 6. thinly, lightly - (in a small quantity or extent; 'spread the margarine thinly over the meat'; 'apply paint lightly') 7. lightly - (to a slight degree; 'her speech is only lightly accented') """ . :limitValueIsMaxMinRange a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'limitValueIsMaxMinRange' specifies whether the value of a Limit is a maximum value ('max'), minimum value ('min'), or range ('range') """ ; rdfs:domain :Limit ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf (:MaximumValue :MinimumValue :RangeOfValues ) ] . :limitsProperty a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'limitsProperty' relates an instance or type of Limitation to some Attribute that may be limited by the Limitation. #*@unused """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Limitation :LimitationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Attribute :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType ) ] . :limitsPropertyToValue a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'limitsPropertyToValue' is used in conjunction with 'limitsProperty' to specify the value of some AttributeValue that may be limited by a subtypetype or instance of Limitation. For example, an instance of 'SpeedLimit' may be limited to a particular value of 'Speed'. #*@unused """ ; rdfs:domain :Limitation ; rdfs:range :AttributeValue . :literally :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Literal ; :wnsense "literally1adv" ; :wordnet "literally" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''literally'' is an adverb for descriptions of the meaning of textual material, signifying that the meaning conforms to the standard non-metaphorical meanings of the words used. 'he meant it literally' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'literally in WordNet: 1. (5) literally - (in a literal sense; 'literally translated'; 'he said so literally') """ . :makesUseOf :en "makes use of", "uses" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ 'makesUseOf' relates an agent or a 'Device' or a ''Processing'' action that utilizes some 'Resource' for some purpose, (which ultimately is a purpose of an IntelligentAgent), to the Device or agent that uses it. The Resource used may be instrumental, and not changed by the Action or Device, or may be an input material that is changd into something else by the Action or Device. The subProperty 'uses'' is more specific for specifying resources used by Devices. This can be used to relate instances of the types, or as a relation between types that indicates a necessary relation among instances. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :Device :ObjectType :Game :GameType :ProcessingSomething :IntentionalAgent :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :ResourceType :Group :Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Role :RoleType :Action :ActionType :UsefulThing :EnergySource :EventType :MeasurableQuantityType :MeasurableQuantity ) ] . :maleHasBodyPart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''maleHasBodyPart'' is a relation specific for male animals that have ''Bodypart''s that are *distinctive* to the male and not found on the female. NOTE that some body parts are present only at specific times, so this relation must be interpreted to mean that the male 'may' have the designated part, depending on the time or circumstances. In effect it only means that the female *doesn't* have that bodypart, except possibly for some vestigial small version. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :AnimalType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isAnOrganicPartOf . :manages :en "manages" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'manages' is a specific subproperty of 'controls' relating a CommercialOrganization to the Pproperties that it manages - whether owns or rents. The range is left unspecified so that other managed things might be related. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CommercialOrganization :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :typicallyManages ; owl:inverseOf :isManagedBy . :manifestsLawOfNature a owl:ObjectProperty . :manufactured :en "made", "manufactured" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of wasManufacturedBy. """ ; rdfs:domain :Business ; rdfs:range :ArtifactObject ; owl:inverseOf :wasManufacturedBy . :manufactures :en "makes", "manufactures" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isManufacturedBy . :may-possible :ldoce "may" ; a :AuxVerb, :VerbInf ; rdfs:comment """The auxiliary verb that expresses possibility or permission. Subproperty of 'hasCapabilty'?? """ . :mayBeAchievedByMethod :en "by means of", "can be accomplished by", "can be achieved by", "may be achieved by", "may be achieved by doing", "may be achieved by method", "may be achieved by performing" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce' relates an ''Event'' or 'PersistentState' to some Method that may cause it. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpecificationType :Method ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce . :mayBeAffectedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """To specify that some entity 'mayBeAffectedBy' some agent does not mean that it affected only by that agent; this is suggestive of what kind of agent may affect something.""" ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :IntentionalAgent :IntelligentAgent :LegalAgent :Object :ObjectType :FictionalCharacter :Event :EventType :ProcessType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :ableToAffect . :mayBeAvoidedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'isAnAttemptToAvoid' - relates some undesired thing to an Action that might avoid that thing.""" ; owl:inverseOf :isAnAttemptToAvoid . :mayBeCausedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :mayCause . :mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'perceivingCausesMentalEvent' - relates some MentalEvent or EventType to a specific *attribute* that may impart a quality to *something* having that attribute, such that **perceiving** something having that quality may that MentalEvent in the perceiver.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalEvent :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation ; owl:inverseOf :perceivingCausesMentalEvent . :mayBeCausedBySomethingWithAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing' - relates some Event or EventType to a specific *attribute* that may impart a quality to *something* having that attribute, such that having that quality cause that *something* to cause that Event.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :mayBeMadeUsing a owl:ObjectProperty . :mayBeObligedBy a owl:ObjectProperty . :mayBePerformedByAgent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """mayBePerformedByAgent points from a type of Action to the type of 'Agent' (or individual Agent) that *can* perform that type of Action, *but* is only one of two or more types of agent that can perform that action. This can be used to relate agents to actions that they may perform when that action is *saliently* associated with that agent. The prototypical COSMO use is to specify that a ''Constrictor'' is saliently associated with ''CrushingAnAnimal'', i.e. killing by crushing. Although there are other ways an Animal can be crushed to death, the action of a Constrictor has some prominence in the general imagination. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :MentalEvent :FeelingType :PhysiologicalCondition :AilmentType :LifeStageType :LifeStage ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :GenericAgent :ObjectType :SubstanceType :Device :DeviceType :Role :RoleType ) ] . :mayBeProducedByMethod a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'mayBeProducedByMethod' relates an Object (Physical or abstract) to a Method that may produce it. This can be used when there is more than one EventType of method that can achieve a particular result,and one wants to specify all that apply. If there is only one method, the relation ''isProducedByEventType''; if there is one most common method, use ''isTypicallyProducedByEventType''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectType :Object ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersistentState :Method :EventType :SpecificationType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce . :mayBeTreatedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isUsedToTreat . :mayBeWorsenedBy :en "may be worsened by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :worsens . :mayBeaBodyPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'mayBeaBodyPartOf' is the inverse of ''typicallyHasBodyPart'', and the 'may' qualifier recognizes that certain 'Bodypart'''s can be had by more than one type of species. """ ; owl:inverseOf :typicallyHasBodyPart . :mayCause :ldoce "because", "cause", "produce" ; :wnsense "cause1v", "produce3v" ; :wordnet "cause", "produce" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'mayCause' specifies that one EventType may be caused (has a non-negligible probability of being caused) by some other EventType. If the probability of causation is more than a few percent, use the subtype 'causes'. See 'causes' for more discussion of different relations on causality. NOTE: to specify that one event inevitably causes another use the relation 'alwaysCauses'. This relation and 'causes' both Correspond to verb sense 1 of 'cause' in WordNet, and to part of sense 3 of 'produce' (the part 'cause to happen or occur'): in WordNet: 1. (114) cause, do, make - (give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; 'cause a commotion'; 'make a stir'; 'cause an accident') WN verb 'produce' 3. (27) produce, bring about, give rise - (cause to happen, occur or exist; 'This procedure produces a curious effect'; 'The new law gave rise to many complaints'; 'These chemicals produce a noxious vapor'; 'the new President must bring about a change in the health care system') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :SubstanceType :RoleType :MentalObject :MentalObjectType :Motive ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess :Difference :AttributeValueType :DifferenceType :GoalType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeCausedBy . :mayCauseAttribute a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''mayCauseAttribute'' is a broad relation to relate some things - Events, Objects - that can 'cause' other things to have some AttributeValue. The manner of causation and the thing acquiring an AttributeValue is unspecified, and may be specified in subproperties (such as ''mayCauseObjectToBecome'') when more specificity is required. This is used to relate AttributeValues to things that may cause them - an element of meaning and common sense not specified in other relations. See also ''mayCauseObjectToBecome'' and its inverse ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'', """ ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation . :mayCauseObjectToBecome a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''mayCauseObjectToBecome'' is the inverse of ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced'' and points from an Event that is a transitive Event to an AttributeValue that *may be* or *usually is* acquired by the patient of the action as a result of the Event. The acquisition of that attribute may depend on how complete the action was. For example, is a ''FillingEvent'' is terminated at half-full then the object will not have become ''Full'' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :EnergyType ) ] ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation, :mayCauseAttribute ; owl:inverseOf :isTheAttributeOfSomethingThatExperienced . :mayConvinceAgentToAction :en "may cause agent to", "may convince agent to action", "may lead to action", "may motivate action" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''mayConvinceAgentToAction'' is the probabilistic parent of the relation ''convincedAgentToAction'' indicating that the subject of the relation (usually an Event or Situation) could but might not motivate some Action on the part of an Agent. This is only used infrequently, but importantly, to represent part of the complex of concepts involved in representing risk, risky actions, risk/reward estimates, and other concepts that mix togeter to motivate human Actions. NOTE: for situations where the presence of something or the perception of something could motivate an Action, the relation ''presenceCauses'' can be used. In order to make that relation probabilistic, a subtype of ''Presence'' could be created to explicitly represent that situation as a ''PersistentState'', and this relation can be used to express the probabilistic motivation for actions due to the presence of that something represented by that entity. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :MentalObject :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :FunctionalProcess :ActionType ) ] . :mayFillTheRoleOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Inverse of 'roleMayBeFilledBy' - points to a Role that *may* be filled by some Object or ObjectType or SubstanceType. Using this relation only allows one to point to a capability of an Object or SubstanceType; to specify that something is actually filling a Role, use 'fillsTheRoleOf'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Role :RoleType ) ] . :mayHaveAttribute :en "may be" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''mayHaveAttribute'' relates an Object or Substance to some Attribute or AttributeValue which the Object *may* have. If the frequeny of having an attribute is greater than 0.5, the subattribute ''typicallyHasAttribute'' should be used. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :Group :ObjectType :GeometricFigure :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :Attribute ) ] . :mayHavePart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'mayHavePart' complements the 'hasPart' relation to express part relations between entities that do not always occur,but are salient possibilities that help understanding. The values are types, as this relation should not be used to specify an individual that may or may not be a part of something - when such a relation actually occurs,it can be handled by the 'hasPart' relation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialThing :Object :GenericAgent :AgentType :Group :GroupType :Event :FunctionalProcess :Region :LocationType :Place :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :EventType :ObjectType :List ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :LocationType :SubstanceType :EventType :ObjectType :RoleType ) ] . :mayHaveSubEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'mayHaveSubEvent' is a subproperty of 'mayHavePart' restricted to Events and Event Types. The values are EventTypes, """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range :EventType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :mayHavePart . :mayHaveWorker a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''mayHaveWorker'' is the inverse of ''typicallyWorksAt'', pointing from a Location or Organization to the type of person who would often or characteristically work (for pay or as a volunteer) at that location or organization. Each location may have many types of people working there, but to use these relations,there should be some assocation of higher than random frequency between the worker and the location, so that using this relation provides some meaningfully significant information about the worker or location. """ ; owl:inverseOf :typicallyWorksAt . :mayProduce a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''mayProduce' indicates a lower level of certainty than ''typicallyProduces'' that some Event may produce some result. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :RoleType :Group :GroupType :GenericSubstance :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :AttributeType :AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :QuantitativeAttributeType :QuantitativeAttributeValue :SubstanceShapeType :EnergyType :EmittableThingType :OccupationType :Event :EventType ) ] . :mayUndergo :ldoce "may", "might" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'mayUndergo' expresses the possibility that something may happen to some entity or type of entity, or something may be true, with specific reference to the main subject of the possible event as the domain of the relation. This shod be used for things that are signficantly more likely than others to undergo some Event,ina way that is characteristic of the subject's type. See also property 'typically' for an alternate way to express likely possibilities. Both changes and static situations can be represented in the PredicatePhrase, i.e. something can **be** in a particular state, or may *undergo** some change. Linguistically, there are various ways of expressing this notion of possibility, e.g. 'It is possible that ?subj ?predicate'' or '?subj may ?predicate' or '?subj might ?predicate', etc. NOTE that the range includes the text 'VerbPhrase' as well as its logical representation 'PredicatePhrase' A 'FutureSituation' could be one of the things described by the 'PredicatePhrase' The auxiliary verb 'may' or 'might' is not represented in WordNet """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (owl:Class owl:Thing ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PredicatePhrase :VerbPhrase :Event :EventType ) ] . :mayUseInstrument a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to one (of perhaps several) things that *may* be used to enable or assist the Action.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Device :DeviceType :UsefulThing ) ] . :me :ldoce "me" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun ; rdfs:comment """'me' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to the speaker, in the objective case.""" . :meanwhile :wnsense "meanwhile1adv" ; :wordnet "meanwhile" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """Specifying a time interval that is the same as the time interval of the preceding assertion in the discourse. The 'same time in a different place' of WN - the 'different place' can be pretty close (as in the same meeting - 'meanwhile, Jack was looking at his iPhone') Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'meanwhile' in WordNet: 1. (10) meanwhile - (at the same time but in another place; \"meanwhile, back at the ranch...\") """ . :mega :en "mega" ; :hasAbbreviation "M"^^xsd:string ; :hasMultipleValue :N_1000000 ; :hasNumericalValue "1000000"^^xsd:float ; :isLargerBy1000than :kilo ; a :UOMPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix concatenated at the front of a UOM symbol indicating that the unit is 'one million of' the base unit.""" . :mentalSituationWasCausedBy :ldoce "owing to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'mentalSituationWasCausedBy' is the inverse of 'isTheCauseOfMentalSituation' and relates some MentalEvent or Mental process, or intentional Action to some Objects, Processes or Events that in some way caused by the causative Object or Event. This represents a form of mental 'causation' and therefore does not require transfer of matter or energy, as does physical causation. A MentalSituation can be caused indirectly by an Event, by a Person hearing about the Event from some information source; no direct connection of MentalSituation and causative Event may be needed, though it is always possible. This corresponds to part of the meaning of linguistic phrases 'due to' or 'owing to'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalEvent :Action :FunctionalProcess :FeelingType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess :Object :SubstanceType :GenericSubstance :SalientThing ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isCausedBy ; owl:inverseOf :isTheCauseOfMentalSituation . :mentionsTopic a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """mentionsTopic relates an AbstractDocument, abstract Proposition, or InformationTransferEvent (or a physicalobject representing such entities) to one or more topics discussed in the document, or transferred in the Event. The Topic can be of any type. There may be more than one topic, but there should be at least one. Peripheral or insignificant topics could be, but would not usually be expected to be mentioned using this relation. The domain is 'AbstractDocument' but the range - the topic - could be of any type at all. CYC has a somewhat similar relation, which is part of this concept: 'abstractInfoAbout'':: (#$abstractInfoAbout INFO TERM) means that the #$AspatialInformationStore INFO contains information about TERM. The information does not *necessarily* have propositional content; a picture may convey abstract information concerning the way someone looks, but 'the way someone looks' need not be expressible propositionally. [guid]bf0b1994-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270[/guid] """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractText :Name :Label :Specification :Action :ExternalReferringThing :Communication :Message :CommunicationType :MentalObject :MentalEvent :PhysicalObject :ObjectType :Proposition :PropositionType :Theory :Searching :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :refersToExternalEntity ; owl:inverseOf :isMentionedIn . :meters :en "meters" ; :isLargerBy1000than :millimeters ; :ldoce "meter" ; :wnsense "meter1n" ; :wordnet "meter" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure used in measurements. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'meter' in WordNet: 1. (12) meter, metre, m - (the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)) """ . :metersPerSecond :hasRepeatedEntity :meters ; :hasUnit :perSecond ; a :RateUnit . :might :ldoce "might" ; a :AuxVerb, :VerbPast ; rdfs:comment "The auxiliary verb that expresses possibility." . :miles :en "miles" ; :ldoce "mile" ; :wnsense "mile1n" ; :wordnet "mile" ; a :UnitOfLength, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """For use with instances of quantitive attribute values. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'mile' in WordNet: 1. (54) mile, statute mile, stat mi, land mile, mi - (a unit of length equal to 1760 yards) """ . :milli :hasAbbreviation "m"^^xsd:string ; :hasMultipleValue :N_1_1000 ; :hasNumericalValue "0.00100"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "kilo" ; a :UOMPrefix ; rdfs:comment """The prefix concatenated at the front of a UOM symbol indicating that the unit is 'one thousandth of' the base unit.""" . :milliliters :en "milliliters" ; :wnsense "cc1n", "milliliter1n", "ml1n" ; :wordnet "cc", "milliliter", "ml" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure that is equivalent to one 'milliliter' - a Submultiple of Liter. Corresponds to the plural of noun sense 1 of 'millimeter' in WordNet: 1. (5) milliliter, millilitre, mil, ml, cubic centimeter, cubic centimetre, cc - (a metric unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter) """ . :millimeters :en "millimeters" ; :wnsense "millimeter1n", "millimetre1n", "mm1n" ; :wordnet "millimeter", "millimetre", "mm" ; a :MetricUnit, :UnitOfLength, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure that is equivalent to one 'millimeter' - a Submultiple of Meter. Corresponds to the plural of noun sense 1 of 'millimeter' in WordNet: 1. (3) millimeter, millimetre, mm - (a metric unit of length equal to one thousandth of a meter) """ . :million :hasCardinalityNumber "1000000"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "1000000"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "million" ; :wnsense "10000001n", "meg1n", "million1n", "one thousand thousand1n" ; :wordnet "1000000", "meg", "million", "one thousand thousand" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'million' takes a type and returns a Group containing one million instances of that type; if preceded by another number ('two million') the preceding number serves as a function to create a new number which is the product. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'million' in WordNet: 1. (16) million, 1000000, one thousand thousand, meg - (the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros) """ . :mine-poss :ldoce "mine" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive Pronoun and a Determiner." . :minus :en "less" ; :wnsense "minus1n" ; :wordnet "minus" ; a :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'minus' in the mathematical/functional sense of a conjunction representing the operation of subtraction. 'five minus three equals two'; 'six less two equals four' Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minus' in WordNet: 1. subtraction, minus - (an arithmetic operation in which the difference between two numbers is calculated; 'the subtraction of three from four leaves one'; 'four minus three equals one') """ . :minutes :en "minutes" ; :ldoce "minute" ; :wnsense "minute1n" ; :wordnet "minute" ; a :UnitOfMeasure, :UnitOfTime ; rdfs:comment """Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'minute' in WordNet: 1. (83) minute, min - (a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour; 'he ran a 4 minute mile') """ . :mm-hmm :en "mm-hmm" ; a :EmittableThingType, :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A low hummming 'mm-hmm' sound meaning any of several things, from agreement to just thinking or meaning ;OK, go on. Can't find it in dictionaries - how did this get into a frequent word list?? """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Exclamation . :mmHg a :PressureUnit ; rdfs:comment """The level of pressure that will sustain a column of mercury at 1 mm height, 1/760 of one atmosphere pressure. Wikipedia: The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure and is defined as being equal to 101,325 Pa or 101.325 kPa.[citation needed] (Thermal engineering By Ajoy Kumar, G N Sah, 2004, P.40) These other units are equivalent: 760 mmHg (torr), 29.92 inHg, 14.696 PSI, 1013.25 millibars. One standard atmosphere is standard pressure used for pneumatic fluid power (ISO R554), and in the aerospace (ISO 2533) and petroleum (ISO 5024) industries. """ . :modifies :en "modifies" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'modifies' relates an AttributeValueType to the type of entity that it can modify. This is used only for cases where attributes are menaningful only when modifying specific types. There can be more than one type that is modified by an Attribute, therefore there can be more than one 'modifies' relation for any given attribute. See also ''isAnAttributeOf'' for the relation commonly use of ''QualitativeAttributeValue''s. NOTE: as of rev855, these 'modifies' relations are only informative, for the benefit of the ontologist. Violations of these intended meanings will not show up as logical contradictions. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeType :AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType ) ] . :moles :en "moles" ; a :UnitOfMeasure . :monthly :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :Month ; :hasUnit :perMonth ; :ldoce "monthly" ; :wnsense "monthly1adj" ; :wordnet "monthly" ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """A Frequency measure meaning once per month. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'monthly' in WordNet: 1. (5) monthly - (occurring or payable every month; 'monthly payments'; 'the monthly newsletter') """ . :months :en "months" ; :ldoce "month" ; :wnsense "month2n" ; :wordnet "month" ; a :UnitOfMeasure, :UnitOfTime ; rdfs:comment """Time unit. 1 month = 28 to 31 days. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'month' in WordNet: 2. (37) month - (a time unit of approximately 30 days; 'he was given a month to pay the bill') """ . :monthsOld a :UnitOfMeasure . :most :ldoce "most" ; :wnsense "most1adj" ; :wordnet "most" ; a :Determiner, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier ; rdfs:comment """'most' has a different meaning from 'TheMost'; 'most' refers to a majority of countable entities, whereas 'TheMost' is used in a Comparison to specify a comparative intensity of some AttributeValue. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'most' in Wordnet: 1. (79) most - ((superlative of 'many' used with count nouns and often preceded by 'the') quantifier meaning the greatest in number; 'who has the most apples?'; 'most people like eggs'; 'most fishes have fins') """ . :movesAround a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'movesAround' is a subrelation of both 'movesRelativeTo' and 'isNearTo', expressing the notion that some Object is moving in some cyclic way around some other Object or some part of space. For example, each part of a rotating object that is not directly on the axis is moving around the axis. This relation requires that some degree of 'nearness' applies to the object that is moving around another object. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :GenericLocation ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isInTheVicinityOf, :movesRelativeTo . :movesRelativeTo :ldoce "move" ; :wnsense "move1v" ; :wordnet "move" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'movesRelativeTo' is a relation that expresses the notion that some Object is in motion relative to some other Object or to some location (i.e. some part of Space). This generally only makes sense for PhysicalObjects, but we leave the domain and range as 'Object' (and ObjectType) to include possible metaphorical uses. Possible synonym: \"isMovingRelativeTo' (with default value as Earth). This is an intransitive (not a causative) 'move' relation. This may be used to express a relation within a TimeInterval (or instantaneous) for individual objects, or a generic relation between objects types. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'move' in WordNet: 1. (130) travel, go, move, locomote - (change location; move, travel, or proceed; 'How fast does your new car go?'; 'We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus'; 'The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect'; 'The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :GenericLocation ) ] . :must-aux :en "must" ; a :AuxVerb, :VerbInf ; rdfs:comment """The auxiliary verb that asserts that the subject of the following verb has the obligation to perform that action.. """ . :my :ldoce "my" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive ; rdfs:comment """A Possessive and a Determiner. No entry in Wordnet. """ . :myself :ldoce "myself" ; a :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun used in a reflexive sense, referring to the speaker in a linguistic utterance. Corresponds to sense 2 of Random House Webster 'myself':. 2. (used reflexively in place of me as the object of a preposition or as the direct or indirect object of a verb): I gave myself a good rubdown. She asked me for a picture of myself. """ . :n :en "n" ; :ldoce "no" ; a :YesOrNo . :n_apos_t :en "n't", "not" ; :isaContractionFor "not"^^xsd:string ; a :Suffix, :WordString . :naturally :en "as expected", "as might be expected", "as one mightexpect" ; :wnsense "naturally1adv", "of course1adv" ; :wordnet "naturally", "of course" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''naturally'' in the sense of 'of course' is an adverb often used to introduce a sentence and means 'as one might expect' or 'as expected' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'naturally' in WordNet: 1. (266) naturally, of course, course - (as might be expected; 'naturally, the lawyer sent us a huge bill') """ . :naturallyProduces a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isProducedNaturallyBy . :neatly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Neat ; :wnsense "neatly1adv" ; :wordnet "neatly" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''Neatly''is an adverb that signals that the Event being described was performed in a 'Neat' manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'neatly' in Wordnet: 1. (6) neatly - (with neatness; 'she put the slippers under the bed neatly') """ . :neither :ldoce "neither" ; a :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'neither' in the sense of a conjunction, joining noun phrases or verb phrases or sentences: 'John is neither tall nor heavy' 'John doesn't drink, neither does he smoke' 'John neither drinks nor smokes' The sense in 'neither of them lives in New York' is similar to 'none of them lives in New York', but specifies that there are two of 'them'; this is closer to a determiner. """ . :ness a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language word that is a synonym of the headword, and ends in '-ness'. This may be useful in language processing. This meaning can also be expressed by some relations on attribute values. NOTE that the term 'heterogeneity' is included as a synonym. Although the '-ness' forms of attributes can be used to refer to 'states' of things, in the type of usage in COSMO where attributes are asserted with the relation 'hasAttribute' to say that something 'has heterogenity' is indistinguishable from saying 'it has the quality heterogeneous'. If the usage were to be to say 'X *is* heterogeneous', then to say 'X *is* heterogeneity' would be an odd usage, So generally the difference between the base attribute and the '-ness' form depends on the way it is used, indicating that the '-ness' form can have alternative meanings. Here it is considered a synonym of the base attribute form, unless the '-ness' form designates a range of potential attributes of different intensity. """ ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :newtons a :PressureUnit ; rdfs:comment """The newton is the unit of force derived in the SI system; it is equal to the amount of net force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one metre per second per second. """ . :nicely :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Nice ; :wnsense "nicely1adv" ; :wordnet "nicely" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''nicely''is an adverb that signals that the Event being described was performed in a 'Nice' manner. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nicely' in WordNet: 1. (5) nicely - (in a nice way; 'a nicely painted house') 'she put the slippers under the bed neatly') """ . :nightly :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :Day ; :hasUnit :perDay ; :wnsense "nightly1adj" ; :wordnet "nightly" ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """''nightly'' s an instance of ''Frequency'' measure with the same recurrance interval as ''daily'', but more specifically characterizing Events that occur at night. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'nightly' in Wordnet: 1. nightly - (happening every night; 'nightly television now goes on until 3:00 or 4:00 a.m.') """ . :nine :hasCardinalityNumber "9"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "9"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "nine" ; :wnsense "nine1adj" ; :wordnet "nine" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'nine' takes a type and returns a Group containing nine instances of that type. Though not in the list of words, 'nine' is used in Longman definitions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of ' nine' in WordNet: 1. (21) nine, 9, ix - (denoting a quantity consisting of one more than eight and one less than ten) """ . :no :en "nope" ; :hasStringRepresentation "no" ; :ldoce "no" ; :wnsense "no3adv" ; :wordnet "No", "no" ; a :YesOrNo ; rdfs:comment """This 'no' has the meaning of 'no' as an answer to a yes or no question. This is a unique form of logical entity specific to yes-or-no questions, difficult to relate to other types. NOTE;the word 'no' can serve as a quantifier: 'Yes, we have no bananas'; for this sense use 'NoneOf' or 'N_0'. The word 'no' itself would be represented by an entity labeled with the CodeListPrefix 'WORD_'. So this instance is not the word 'no' and is not the Quantifier. The case variant 'No' should be used as the single-word answer to a yes-no question. NOTE: 'nope'is an informal butcommon variant, not listed in Wordnet. As a negation this seems to correspond to adverb sense 3 of 'no' in WordNet: 3. no - (used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement; 'no, you are wrong') """ . :nor :ldoce "nor" ; a :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction . :not :en "n't" ; :ldoce "not" ; a :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'not' is a LogicalFunction that takes a word or Assertion or Proposition as an argument, and returns an entity that is either (1) an instance of the set of things that are the complement to the thing negated, if the argument is a type or instance of a type (2) an assertion that the argument is false, if the argument is an assertion. This includes a meaning wider than the logical 'not'. @ToDo: NOTE: This 'not' should not be considered identical to the logical 'not' because (at some time) it may be redefined as only one of several modifiers that negate the modified element. For example, 'fake' is a form of 'not' which includes the meaning 'intended to appear as, but not'. Likewise, 'toy' as a modifier means that the modified thing is not intended to be a type or instance of the 'real' thing, though it resembles the thing represented. """ . :nothing :ldoce "nothing" ; :wnsense "aught1n", "cipher3n", "cypher2n", "goose egg1n", "nada1n", "naught1n", "nil1n", "nix1n", "nothing1n", "null1n", "zero1n", "zilch1n", "zip1n", "zippo1n" ; :wordnet "aught", "cipher", "cypher", "goose egg", "nada", "naught", "nil", "nix", "nothing", "null", "zero", "zilch", "zip", "zippo" ; a :Quantifier ; rdfs:comment """A quantifier that specifies that there is no measurable quantity of the indicated thing. For the abstract notion of 'something that does not exist' use 'EmptySet'. For the number zero use 'N_0', for the adjective 'no' use 'NoneOf'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'nothing' in WordNet: 1. (146) nothing, nil, nix, nada, null, aught, cipher, cypher, goose egg, naught, zero, zilch, zip, zippo - (a quantity of no importance; 'it looked like nothing I had ever seen before'; 'reduced to nil all the work we had done'; 'we racked up a pathetic goose egg'; 'it was all for naught'; 'I didn't hear zilch about it') """ . :notwithstanding :en "despite", "in spite of", "notwithstanding" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'notwithstanding'; introduces a noun phrase specifying some state or event that would normally preclude the assertion, event or situation preceding the preposition. RHW preposition: in spite of; notwithstanding. The adverb 'notwithstanding' serve a similar function, but with a different grammatical arrangement of the related events """ . :now_that a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :nsm a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to the word in Anna Wierzbicka's 'natural semantic metalanguage' of 60 conceptual primitives that corresponds to the ontology element. """ ; rdfs:label "NSM word"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :nullCol a :DatabaseTableColumn . :objectHasAttributeAfter a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''objectHasAttributeAfter'' relates an Event to some attribute of the object (patient) of that event (often an ''Action'') that that patient acquires as a result of that Event. For example, the ''Action'' of ''Abandoning'' causes the *patient of that Action to become ''Abandoned''. *NOTE: The 'subject' in an intransitive Event (such as ''Reddening'' or ''Arising'') is also the semantic '*patient' and this relation will specify a resulting AttributeValue for things that have undergone that Event. The 'objectHasAttribute-before/after' pair can be used as an alternative to creating a ''Change'' pair with the two attributes as elements, pointed to by the ''hasAttributeAfter'' and ''hasAttributeAfter''relations. These two treatments have the same meaning, but may be used in different circumstances as is convenient or perspicuous. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType . :objectHasAttributeBefore a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''objectHasAttributeBefore'' relates an Event to some attribute of the object (patient) of that event (often an ''Action'') that that patient had *before* the Event, and lost as a result of that Event. For example, the ''Action'' of ''Straghtening'' causes the patient of that Action to lose its ''Crooked'' attribute (and become ''Straight'') The 'objectHasAttribute-before/after' pair can be used as an alternative to creating a ''Change'' pair with the two attributes as elements, pointed to by the ''hasAttributeAfter'' and ''hasAttributeAfter''relations. These two treatments have the same meaning, but may be used in different circumstances as is convenient or perspicuous. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType . :obligatesSituation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''obligatesSituation'' is a subproperty of ''hasDesiredSituation'' relating a ''RuleForBehavior'' to the future situation that the ''Authority' (that created the Rule) wants to occur, and is obliged to be adhered to by the People within the range of the authority who are affected by the Rule.. This may be used to specify the behavior required by any Rule, most commonly a Law or Regulation. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Rule :SpecificationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SituationProcessEventOrState :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasDesiredSituation . :obligesActionType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''ObligesActionType'' points from an ''Obligation'' (a ''Specification'' for an Action) to the type of Action that the Obligation requires of the person who has that Obligation. This can also be used to pont directly from an to the Action obliged,without necessitating the reification of the specific type of Obligation that such an Action may create. NOTE that this is a :subproperty of ''hasExecutionEvent'' because an 'Obligation' is a ''Specification'' for the obliged Action. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Obligation :ObligationCreatingEvent ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeObligedBy . :observesOrCelebrates :en "observes or celebrates" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'observesOrCelebrates' relates an Event (usually a ''Celebration' or ''Ceremony'' to the thing it is celebrating. This differs from relation ''commemorates' in that ''commemorates'' observes an Event (usually on an anniversary day) that occurred in the past, and that Event could be tragic, whereas ''observesorCelebrates'' is used for events present or past that are positive (graduation from school, getting married, winning a contest). The property ''hasHonoree'' is more specialized for ceremonies honoring some Person(s), and can be used for things like BirthdayParties or inauguration ceremonies.. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Ceremony :Celebration :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :PersonType :Event :EventType ) ] . :occasionally :wnsense "at times1adv", "from time to time1adv", "now and again1adv", "now and then1adv", "occasionally1adv", "on occasion1adv", "once in a while1adv" ; :wordnet "at times", "from time to time", "now and again", "now and then", "occasionally", "on occasion", "once in a while" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """''occasionally'' and synonyms are adverbs whose general sense is, incontrast to 'always' not only 'not always but 'less than half the time'. This is use more defnitively than 'sometimes' which can be almost any degree of frequency, and that word may be used to specify alternatives 'sometimes X, someties Y'.. This, as with ''always'' and 'sometimes', ''occasionally'' often has to be interpreted in some context, such as meaning 'occasionally within some specified 'TimeInterval'' . In assertions like 'John sometimes exercises in the morning.' it means that **when John exercises**, he usually does it in some tme other than the morning - eventhough he may do it every day.. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'occasionally' in WordNet: 1. (31) occasionally, on occasion, once in a while, now and then, now and again, at times, from time to time - (now and then or here and there; 'he was arrogant and occasionally callous'; 'open areas are only occasionally interrupted by clumps of trees'; 'they visit New York on occasion'; 'now and again she would take her favorite book from the shelf and read to us'; 'as we drove along, the beautiful scenery now and then attracted his attention') """ . :occupiesAreaFractionInImage a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """'occupiesAreaFractionInImage' is a specialized relation relating a 'DepictedObject' in an 'AbstractImage' to the area of the 'AbstractImage' that is occupied by the part that depcits the 'DepictedObject'. The minimal area in a pixelated image would be one pixel, but since 'AbstractImage's have no limit on the resolution, there is no minimum other than 0 for the value of the area fraction occupied. This relation allows one to be more specific as to just how much detail can be expected for a 'DepictedObject' in an 'AbstractImage'. """ ; rdfs:domain :AbstractImageComponent ; rdfs:range xsd:float . :occupiesTheRegion a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """occupiesTheRegion relates a PhysicalObject to the region that it occupies. The object should occupy most of the region, and in the case of GeographicRegions, may be the object that defines the limits of the region, such as one of the oceans. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSpaceRegion :GeographicalArea ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isLocatedAt . :occurredAt :ldoce "happen" ; :wnsense "happen1v", "occur1v" ; :wordnet "happen", "occur" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A 'location' relation for instances of Events. For EventTypes or Location types, use ''occursAt''. For object or region locations, see 'isLocatedAt'. The location is a GenericLocation: region of space (connected or disconnected) or an object (physical or abstract) . The value of this relation answers the question 'where did it happen?'. NOTE that the use of the past tense in this relation does not necessarily mean that the Event argument occurred in the past before the assertion time; if the relation relates a possible future Event, this relation can also be used. The past tense merely emphasizes that we are discussing Events that, in the given context, are viewed as completed and not ongoing. This can also be used for types of Events, to specify a particular location where they always occur. But to specify types of locations where types of Events usually occur, use 'typicallyOccursAt'. This is one relation expressing the notion of 'happen'or 'occur' that is sense 1 of verb 'happen' and sense 1 of 'occur' in WordNet: 1. (150) happen, hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out, come about, take place - (come to pass; 'What is happening?'; 'The meeting took place off without an incidence'; 'Nothing occurred that seemed important') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :Organization ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :wasTheLocationOf . :occurredEarlierThan :wnsense "precede1v", "precede3v" ; :wordnet "precede" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In SUMO, named 'earlier'. SUMO(earlier ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL1 ends before the TimeInterval ?INTERVAL2 begins. This relation can be used to specify precedence relatikons between time intervals or Events; it can also be used to relate an EventType, such as to assert that some EventType always precedes another EventType. The subrelation 'precedes' specifies the more restrictive relations that one TempopralThing or EventType immediately precedes another. This is a placeholder for the more detailed TimeInterval relations that will be used in the FOL version. NOTE: in COSMO, a TimePoint is a type of TimeInterval, so one may use occurredEarlierThan for either TimePoints or TimeIntervals, or for mixtures of TimeIntervals and TimePoints, but occursBefore can only be used for TimePoints. Corresponds to parts of verb sense 1 and 3 of 'precede' in WordNet, where the interpretation of the thing preceding is coreced to an Event or state. in WordNet: 1. (9) predate, precede, forego, forgo, antecede, antedate - (be earlier in time; go back further; 'Stone tools precede bronze tools') 3. (3) precede, come before - (be the predecessor of; 'Bill preceded John in the long line of Susan's husbands') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :occurredLaterThan . :occurredInSpatiotemporalRegion a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'occurredInSpatiotemporalRegion' is used to specify that some Event or Process occurred within some ''SpatiotemporalRegion''. This is needed to be more specific when the spatial location changes over time. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :PhysicalProcess ) ] ; rdfs:range :SpatiotemporalRegion ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTemporalLocation . :occurredInTimeInterval :ldoce "during", "happen" ; :wnsense "happen1v" ; :wordnet "happen" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'occurredInTimeInterval' is used to specify that an instance of Event (or RelationInstance or TimeSlice) occurred (or holds) **at some point within** (not necessarily at every point within) a certain TimeInterval. This can be used to state that an Event occurred on a certain day, or in a certain year, without being more specific as to exactly when that happened. If the location of an Event is in a small area, the date or time should be calculated in the local time zone. NOTE that if one wants to assert that some RelationInstance holds **at all time points** within a TimeInterval, the relation 'holdsInContext' should be used. \"during\" This corresponds to either of preposition senses 1 or 2 of 'during' in RHW: 1. throughout the duration, continuance, or existence of: He lived in Florida during the winter. 2. at some time or point in the course of: They departed during the night. This is one relation expressing the notion of 'happen' that is sense 1 of verb 'happen' in WordNet: 1. (150) happen, hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out, come about, take place - (come to pass; 'What is happening?'; 'The meeting took place off without an incidence'; 'Nothing occurred that seemed important') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :PhysicalProcess :RelationInstance :TimeSlice ) ] ; rdfs:range :TemporalLocation ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTemporalLocation ; owl:inverseOf :isTheTimeOfEvent . :occurredLaterThan :en "comes after", "follows", "follows on", "occured later than", "occurs later than" ; :ldoce "after", "follow" ; :wnsense "after1adv", "afterward1adv", "afterwards1adv", "follow2v", "later on1adv", "later1adv", "subsequently1adv" ; :wordnet "after", "afterward", "afterwards", "follow", "later", "later on", "subsequently" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """(occurredLaterThan ?TT1 ?TT2) means that the TemporalThing ?TT1 starts after the TemporalThing ?TT2 begins. No overlap is permitted. The axiomatic description has a circularity to it that indicates its primitive nature: (=> (and (occurredLaterThan ?TT2 ?TT1) (hasEndingTimePoint ?TT2 ?EndingTimePoint)) (exists (?FutureTimePoint) (and (inst ?FutureTimePoint FutureTimePoint) (occursBefore ?EndingTimePoint ?FutureTimePoint)))) NOTE: in COSMO, a TimePoint is a type of TimeInterval, so one may use occurredLaterThan for either TimePoints or TimeIntervals, or mixtures of the two. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'follow' and includes the sense of 'be after' referring to time in WordNet: 2. (50) postdate, follow - (be later in time; 'Tuesday always follows Monday') WN adverb 'after': 1. (5) subsequently, later, afterwards, afterward, after, later on - (happening at a time subsequent to a reference time; 'he apologized subsequently'; 'he's going to the store but he'll be back here later'; 'it didn't happen until afterward'; 'two hours after that') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:inverseOf :occurredEarlierThan . :occurredWithinTimeInterval a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''occurredWithinTimeInterval'' can be used to specify some ''TimeInterval'' inside which an Event occurred when the exact times it started and ended are not known; so the two relations ''hasStartingTimePoint''and ''hasEndingTimePoint'' inherited from ''TemporalThing'' can be replaced by this one relation if exact temporal location is not important. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :TimeIntervalType ) ] . :occursAfter :en "follows" ; :ldoce "follow" ; :wnsense "follow2v" ; :wordnet "follow" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'follow' in WordNet: 2. (50) postdate, follow - (be later in time; 'Tuesday always follows Monday') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :Event :EventType :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType :TimeIntervalType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :Event :EventType :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType :TimeIntervalType ) ] . :occursAt a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A Type-level 'location' relation for Events or ''RecurringTimeInterval''s to specify that a certain type of Event *always* occurs at a certain type of location. This should be used where the location is larger than the thing doing the Action, but can be used for smaller locations if no other relation applies. For the instance-level location relation for Events, use 'occurredAt'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :ProcessType :Event :PhysicalProcess :RecurringTimeInterval ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :GenericLocation ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :typicallyOccursAt . :occursBefore :ldoce "before" ; :wnsense "before1adv", "precede1v" ; :wordnet "before", "precede" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In SUMO, called 'before'. SUMO: (before ?POINT1 ?POINT2) means that ?POINT1 precedes ?POINT2 on the universal timeline. For time intervals, use 'occurredEarlierThan'. Corresponds approximately to preposition sense 1 of 'before' in RHW: 1. previous to; earlier or sooner than: Phone me before noon. And includes adverb sense 1 of 'before' inWordNet: 1. (68) earlier, before - (earlier in time; previously; 'I had known her before'; 'as I said before'; 'he called me the day before but your call had come even earlier'; 'her parents had died four years earlier'; 'I mentioned that problem earlier') And includes verb sense 1 of 'precede': 1. (9) predate, precede, forego, forgo, antecede, antedate - (be earlier in time; go back further; 'Stone tools precede bronze tools') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :Event :EventType :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :Event :EventType :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :occurredEarlierThan ; owl:inverseOf :occursAfter . :occursDuring :en "occurs at the same time as", "occurs during" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'occursDuring' relates one Event or Time Interval to another, or a ''Game'' (specification) to some Event: it specifies that a certain type of Event (subject Event) *always* occurs within the TimeInterval that bounds another Event (object Event), starting at or after the starting TimePoint of 'object Event', and ending at or before the ending TimePoint of 'object Event'. The 'subject Event' is not necessarily a subevent of the 'object Event'. NOTE: for Events or TimeIntervals whose beginning and ending TimePoints are identical, this relation can be use in both directions as a restriction on both of the two Events or TimeIntervals that co-occur. The relation is not inherently symmetrical, and the symmetry achieved during such usage on bith sides would need to be inferred inan FOL implementaton. For the usage where a ''Game'' s related to an Event by this relation, the logical implication is that the 'execution' of that game occurs during the object event. This is used where a ''Game'' (specification) may be defined but the corresponding execution Event is not defined. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RoleType :Role :EventType :Event :Game :TimeInterval :TimeIntervalType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event :LifeStageType :LifeStage :TimeInterval :TimeIntervalType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasEvent . :occursOnDate a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''occursOnDate'' is a specialized relation pointing from some ''AnniversaryDay'' to the 'DateTime' on which it occurs. """ ; rdfs:domain :AnniversaryDay ; rdfs:range :DateTime . :occursOnTheSurfaceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A 'location' relation for Events, to specify that a certain type of Event *always* occurs on the outer surface of some PhysicalObject. For the instance-level location relation for Events, use 'occurredAt'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :SurfaceOnTangibleObject :SolidObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :occursAt . :oclock :ldoce "o'clock" ; :wnsense "o'clock1adv" ; :wordnet "o'clock" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """The UnitOfMeasure that measures the hour(s) within one day, or within a twelve-hour period of AM or PM. Considered as an adverb in WordNet: 1. (16) o'clock - (according to the clock; 'it's three o'clock in Tokyo now') """ . :of :en "of" ; :fr "de" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''of'' relates a Role or RoleType to the Thing (unrestricted type) that that Role is directly associated with. This is used in connection with ''has'' to express inherently ternary relations such as {?X has ?Role ?Y} with the instance of ?Role having the property #of ?X>. Then in OWL this is expressed as (substitute left-angle-bracket for '#'): Instance: ?X #has #?Role = ?y #of ?X #/Role> #/has> If there are more than a few instances that can pay the Role ?Role of ?X, then that Role can be represented as a subtype of Role with the #of ?X> restriction. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Role :RoleType ) ] . :of-Prep :ldoce "of" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The word 'of' linguistically can indicate possession, generic relation, origin, composition, and a number of other semantic functions. This element subsumes all the others. This will need a liot of elaboration. No WordNet synset has this meaning. """ . :ofAllTime :ldoce "ever" ; :wnsense "ever1adv" ; :wordnet "ever" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """'ofAllTime' is an adverbial phrase used to qualify an assertion of a superlative attribute about an Entity, to specify that the superlative applies to all times: 'The best movie ever.'; 'The greatest boxer of all time'. The superlative may be only implied with other words, as in phrases like 'The top 10 hits ever recorded'. NOTE: this can only be interpreted as meaning 'up to now'; the future is not that predictable to make this assured. This corresponds to part of adverb sense 1 of 'ever' in WordNet, however in the phrase 'did you ever smoke' the meaning of 'ever' is represented by 'atAnyTime' in COSMO. in WordNet: 1. (107) ever, of all time - (at any time; 'did you ever smoke?'; 'the best con man of all time') """ . :off :ldoce "off" ; :wnsense "off1adv", "off2adv", "off3adv" ; :wordnet "off" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'away, ata a distance from the reference place'. There area also adjective senses not included in this instance of adverb. The three WordNet snese may be distinguished, but the others will depend on context to create word combinations that are more precisely defined. In the Random House Webster the adverb has 23 distinguished senses: 1. so as to be no longer supported or attached: This button is about to come off. 2. so as to be no longer covering or enclosing: to take a hat off; to take the wrapping off. 3. away from a place: to run off; to look off toward the west. 4. away from a path, course, etc.; aside: This road branches off to Grove City. 5. so as to be away or on one's way: to start off early; to cast off. 6. away from what is considered normal, regular, standard, or the like: to go off on a tangent. 7. from a charge or price: He took 10 percent off for all cash purchases. 8. at a distance in space or future time: to back off a few feet; Summer is only a week off. 9. out of operation or effective existence: Turn the lights off. 10. into operation or action: The alarm goes off at noon. 11. so as to interrupt continuity or cause discontinuance: Negotiations have been broken off. 12. in absence from work, service, a job, etc.: two days off at Christmas. 13. completely; utterly: to kill off all the inhabitants. 14. with prompt or ready performance: to dash a letter off. 15. to fulfillment, or into execution or effect: The contest came off on the appointed day. 16. into nonexistence or nothingness: My headache passed off soon. 17. so as to be delineated, divided, or apportioned: Mark it off into equal parts. 18. away from a state of consciousness: I must have dozed off. 19. Naut. away from the land, a ship, the wind, etc. 20. get it off. See get (def. 45). 21. get off on. See get (def. 49). 22. off and on, a. Also, on and off. with intervals between; intermittently: to work off and on. b. Naut. on alternate tacks. 23. off with, a. take away; remove: Off with those muddy boots before you step into this kitchen! b. cut off: Off with his head! WordNet has 3 senses for the adverb: in WordNet: 1. (13) away, off, forth - (from a particular thing or place or position ('forth' is obsolete); 'ran away from the lion'; 'wanted to get away from there'; 'sent the children away to boarding school'; 'the teacher waved the children away from the dead animal'; 'went off to school'; 'they drove off'; 'go forth and preach') 2. (12) off, away - (at a distance in space or time; 'the boat was 5 miles off (or away)'; 'the party is still 2 weeks off (or away)'; 'away back in the 18th century') 3. (5) off - (no longer on or in contact or attached; 'clean off the dirt'; 'he shaved off his mustache') """ . :offeredPriceAppearsIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'offeredPriceAppearsIn' can be used to specify that the instance of PricePerUnit was observed in some kind of document or advertisement, such as a newspaper, a flyer, or a television ad.""" ; rdfs:domain :PricePerUnit ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TextualMaterial :AbstractDocument :PhysicalObjectType :ActionType ) ] . :often :hasFirstElement :eventsPerDay ; :hasQuantifier :GT_1 ; :hasSecondElement :GT_1 ; :hasUnit :eventsPerDay ; :ldoce "often" ; :wnsense "often1adv", "often2adv" ; :wordnet "often" ; a :RateMeasure ; rdfs:comment """'often' is a 'RateMeasure' that is highly dependent on context for interpretation, but the 'thing' that occurs 'often' can be coerced into representation as an Event. For the default case we use greater than once per day. More specific 'often' instances can be generated, and the names will need to be more specific. See also the AdverbialModifier ''Frequently''. Includes sense 1 and part of sense 2 ('frequently') of adverb 'often' in Wordnet: 1. (158) frequently, often, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes - (many times at short intervals; 'we often met over a cup of coffee') 2. (6) much, a great deal, often - (frequently or in great quantities; 'I don't drink much'; 'I don't travel much') """ . :okay :en "tolerably well" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Satisfactory ; :wnsense "O.K.1adv", "acceptably1adv", "adequately1adv", "adequately2adv", "all right3adv", "alright3adv", "okay1adv", "so-so1adv", "tolerably1adv" ; :wordnet "O.K.", "acceptably", "adequately", "all right", "alright", "okay", "so-so", "tolerably" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''okay'' as an adverb can be used to express a wide range of acceptability or adequateness or a range of goodness ranging from ''Fair'' to ''Good'' for some Action. A middling range of goodness, neither notably good nor notably bad. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'okay' in WordNet: 1. okay, O.K., all right, alright - (in a satisfactory or adequate manner; 'she'll do okay on her own'; 'held up all right under pressure'; ('alright' is a nonstandard variant of 'all right')) WN adverb 'acceptably': 1. acceptably, tolerably, so-so - (in an acceptable (but not outstanding) manner; 'she plays tennis tolerably') WN adverb 'adequately': 1. (5) adequately - (in an adequate manner) 2. (3) adequately - (in an adequate manner or to an adequate degree; 'he was adequately prepared') """ . :on :en "atop", "on", "on top of", "upon" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'on' has multiple linguistic senses related literally or metaphorically to being above something - or being about (conerned with) a topic: see relations ''isOnTheSurfaceOf'', ''isOnTopOf'', ''hasTopic''. """ . :on-line :en "on-line", "online" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :OnLine ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''on-line'' is an adverb of manner for actions that can be performed over a computer network i.e. 'online' actions. See adjective ''OnLine'' No adverb sense of 'onlne' in WordNet """ . :one :hasCardinalityNumber "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "1"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "one" ; :wnsense "one1adj" ; :wordnet "one" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'one' takes a type and returns a Group containing one instance of that type. See also 'N_1' for the number '1' itself. NOTE that the relation 'hasCardinalityNumber' is intended to apply to the Group that is the return value of this function. This need FOL to properly express it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'one' in WordNet: 1. (417) one, 1, i, ane - (used of a single unit or thing; not two or more; ''ane' is Scottish') """ . :oneself :ldoce "oneself" ; a :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun used in a reflexive sense, referring to a generic person. """ . :only-adv :ldoce "only" ; :wnsense "alone1adv", "but1adv", "entirely2adv", "exclusively1adv", "just1adv", "merely1adv", "only1adv", "only2adv", "purely1adv", "simply1adv", "solely1adv", "strictly1adv" ; :wordnet "alone", "but", "entirely", "exclusively", "just", "merely", "only", "purely", "simply", "solely", "strictly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'only-adv' is an adverb whose general sense is 'this and no more'. The interpretation is context-dependent and the meaning of linguistic use of 'only' will have to be resolved by the function. The interpretation will in part depend on whether the 'only' is used before or after a verb or preposition. The sense of 'only this person' is distinguishable from other senses, but WordNet sense 2 examples include other uses. NOTE: this is duplicated in 'AdverbialModifier' ''Exclusively'' Which to use - depends on context. Corresponds to adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'only' and sense 1 of 'strictly' in WordNet: 1. (258) merely, simply, just, only, but - (and nothing more; 'I was merely asking'; 'it is simply a matter of time'; 'just a scratch'; 'he was only a child'; 'hopes that last but a moment') 2. (226) entirely, exclusively, solely, alone, only - (without any others being included or involved; 'was entirely to blame'; 'a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children'; 'he works for Mr. Smith exclusively'; 'did it solely for money'; 'the burden of proof rests on the prosecution alone'; 'a privilege granted only to him') WN adverb 'strictly': 1. (7) strictly, purely - (restricted to something; 'we talked strictly business') """ . :onto :en "onto" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'onto' has the general RHW meaning of 'to a place or position on; upon; on: to get onto a horse.'. If an 'onto' action is successful, the thing moved wil; be 'on top of' the object of the 'onto' preposition. """ . :or :ldoce "or" ; a :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'and' in the sense of a conjunction, joining noun phrases or verb phrases or sentences.""" . :orbits :en "orbits" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'orbits' is a specialized subrelation of 'movesAround', specifying that some object in space moves in a cycic orbital path around some other object in space. For generality, the object of the relation may be a location rather than a 'AstronomicalObject'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AstronomicalObject :Planet-Generic :ObjectType :GenericLocation ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :movesAround . :organizesTopic a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''organizesTopic'' is used both to relate a ''KnowledgeOrganizationSystem'' to the type of thing that it organizes or classifies, *and* to relate a ''Person'' who is doing the ''Organizing'' to the Topic that s/he is organizing. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:KnowledgeOrganizationSystem :Person :AbstractObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMainTopic . :other :en "others" ; :ldoce "other" ; :wnsense "other1adj" ; :wordnet "other" ; a :Adjective, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'different' is an Adjective that does not assign an AttributeValue, but instantiates an entity that is not identical to one(s) already in the scope of a discourse. This implies 'different' but is used in a more definite sense. 'alternative' is more distantly related. See aso ''OtherPeople'' for use of 'others'. Senses of 'other' in the Random House Webster: 1. additional or further: he and one other person. 2. different or distinct from the one mentioned or implied: in some other city; Some other design may be better. 3. different in nature or kind: I would not have him other than he is. 4. being the remaining one of two or more: the other hand. 5. (used with plural nouns) being the remaining ones of a number: the other men; some other countries. 6. former; earlier: sailing ships of other days. 7. not long past: the other night. 8. every other, every alternate: a meeting every other week. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'other' in WordNet: 1. (915) other - (not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; 'today isn't any other day'- the White Queen; 'the construction of highways and other public works'; 'he asked for other employment'; 'any other person would tell the truth'; 'his other books are still in storage'; 'then we looked at the other house'; 'hearing was good in his other ear'; 'the other sex'; 'she lived on the other side of the street from me'; 'went in the other direction') """ . :otherwise :ldoce "otherwise" ; :wnsense "otherwise2adv" ; :wordnet "otherwise" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'otherwise' is an adverb whose general sense is 'in a manner different' (from that previously mentioned) or 'in other times or places or in other qualities different'. See also the closely related 'differently'. This sense is used to modify adjectives ('an otherwise uneventful trip') This does not include the conjunction 'otherwise'. . In the Random House Webster 'otherwise' has 3 distinguished senses, which seem to depend on its syntactical position. This is closest to sense 3: 1. under other circumstances: Otherwise they may get broken. 2. in another manner; differently: Under the circumstances, I can't believe otherwise. 3. in other respects: an otherwise happy life. In WordNet there are two adverb senses, and this sense corresponds most closely to sense 1: For sense 2 use 'differently' in WordNet: 1. (24) otherwise - (in other respects or ways; 'he is otherwise normal'; 'the funds are not otherwise available'; 'an otherwise hopeless situation') 2. (7) differently, otherwise, other than - (in another and different manner; 'very soon you will know differently'; 'she thought otherwise'; 'there is no way out other than the fire escape') """ . :our :ldoce "our" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive and a Determiner." . :ours :ldoce "ours" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive and a Determiner." . :ourselves :ldoce "ourselves" ; a :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun used in a reflexive sense, referring to some group including the speaker in a linguistic utterance. Corresponds to sense 1 of Random House Webster 'ourselves':. 1. a reflexive form of we (used as the direct or indirect object of a verb or the direct object of a preposition): We are deceiving ourselves. Give us a moment to ourselves. """ . :outside :ldoce "out", "outside" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition . :overlapsOrTouches :guid "bf636392-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """A general 'overlap' relation for both regions and objects, abstract and physical. NOTE: this is not for substances. In COSMO Objects are distinct from the regions that they occupy, but for the purpose of this relation, the 'overlap' can be viewed as the spatial overlap of the regions occupied by objects, or of that region with some other region. Regions that are in any way adjacent, with no space between other than a point, line, or infinitesimally thick plane, are considered as 'touching' for this relation. This relation is used to express the relation between a Feature of an Object and the Objec that has that Feature. The Feature can be part of the Object (a protrusion) or a region within the ConvexHull of the Object (e.g. the hole in a doughnut). Such a region overlapsOrTouches the Object it is parasitic upon. In Cyc a similar 'overlaps' relation is labeled 'overlaps-RCC' (for regional Connection Calulus). But that is for regions only, and differs from this COSMO relation. Cyc: (#$overlaps-RCC REG1 REG2) means that REG1 overlaps REG2, i.e., REG1 and REG2 have a common part. The three immediate specialization of #$overlaps-RCC are #$partiallyOverlaps-RCC, #$partOf-RCC and #$partOf-Inverse-RCC. Note that this relation is a #$negationPreds of #$externallyConnectsWith-RCC, compare also with #$discreteFrom-RCC.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Region :Object :GenericLocation :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Region :Object :GenericLocation :ObjectType ) ] . :overlapsTemporally a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """(overlapsTemporally ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that the TimeIntervals ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 have a TimeInterval as a common part.""" ; rdfs:domain :TimeInterval ; rdfs:range :TimeInterval ; owl:inverseOf :overlapsTemporally . :owns :en "has", "owns", "possesses" ; :guid "bd58d753-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "have", "own", "possess", "possession" ; :wnsense "have4v", "own1v", "ownership1n", "possess2v", "possession2n" ; :wordnet "have", "own", "ownership", "possess", "possession" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: the notion of 'ownership' in COSMO is broadened to include ownership by animals who have created artifacts. COSMO note: there is an issue involved in deciding whether a minor living with parents can actually own thing in his/her own right, if it is not earned by the child. In COSMO we will assume that a child *can* own things. Therefore this sense of ownership may not be legally enforceable. Cyc: A predicate that relates #$SocialBeings to things that they own. (#$owns AGENT OBJECT) means that AGENT has full ownership of OBJECT. Thus, AGENT enjoys #$FullUseRights (q.v.) over OBJECT. OBJECT might be a physical artifact, a parcel of land, an animal, a piece of intellectual property , or anything else that can be owned. Note that, although ownership often involves control, #$owns is _not_ a specialization of #$controls, as there are many exceptions. For example, when the owner of a building leases it to someone, the former gives up almost all control over the buiding for the term of the lease. The object of this relation is a 'possession', sense 2 in WN: 2. (6) possession - (anything owned or possessed) This corresponds to verb sense 1 (the only sense)of 'own' and verb sense 4 of 'have' and verb sense 2 of 'possess' and noun sense 1 of 'ownership'; the notion of 'belonging to' is represented by the inverse 'isOwnedBy'. in Wordnet: 1. (47) own, have, possess - (have ownership or possession of; 'He owns three houses in Florida'; 'How many cars does she have?') WN 'ownership' 1. (4) ownership - (the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :IntelligentAgent :LegalAgent :FictionalCharacter ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThing :ObjectType :Object :FictionalThing ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasOwnershipIn ; owl:inverseOf :isOwnedBy . :participatedInAgreement :en "participated in" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hadAgreeingAgents' - relates an agent (or agents) to some Agreement in which s/he was a (more or less) voluntary participant.""" ; rdfs:domain :AgreeingAgents ; rdfs:range :Action . :partsHaveTypeInCommon a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """partsHaveTypeInCommon relates physical objects, Events, or Groups that are Homogeneous to the type of thing that is in common among the parts.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :GroupType :Group :EventType :Event :HomogeneousThing ) ] . :pastPartOf a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language verb of which the entry is the 'past participle'. Thus 'Abandoned' is the past participle of 'abandon'""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :patientAssumesRole a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'patientAssumesRole' points from an Event to a Role that the patient (subject or object) of the Event assumes as a resut of the Event. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range :RoleType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectModified ; owl:inverseOf :roleIsAssumedInEvent . :per :en "for each", "for every", "in any given", "in each", "per" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """''per'' is a preposition that introduces a phrase naming some Entity (Object,Action) that is the unit for a 'rate' measure (miles per hour) , or the unit having some attribute such as a price. RHW preposition 'per' 1. for each; for every: Membership costs ten dollars per year. This cloth is two dollars per yard. """ . :perDay a :FrequencyUnit . :perHour a :FrequencyUnit . :perLifeTime a :FrequencyUnit ; rdfs:comment """This 'unit' can be used to represent concepts such ass ''Once'' that assert that the event occurred only one time, or others such as 'twice'. A better way might be found. This might also represent e.g. 'once in a lifetime' (experience) """ . :perMinute a :FrequencyUnit . :perMonth a :FrequencyUnit . :perSecond a :FrequencyUnit . :perSquareMile a :NumericalDensityUnit ; rdfs:comment """A unit of measure, equal to a density of one individal per one SquareMile. """ . :perWeek a :FrequencyUnit . :perYear a :FrequencyUnit . :perceivingCausesMentalEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''perceivingCausesMentalEvent'' is a suproperty of ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing'' more specifically for attributes of things (Object or Event) that, when having that attribute, cause a MentalEvent if *perceived* by an agent. The more general relation ''isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing'' can be used for things that may cause Events by means other than perception. The MentalEvent caused is usually a state such as an Emotion. This is used to relate adjectives ('AttributeValue's) such as 'Surprising' or 'Disgusting' or 'Amazing' to the emotions that are caused. In effect,applying such an attribute to something asserts that perceiving that something is likely to cause that MentalEvent (usually an Emotion). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValue :ThingWithAttribute :AttributeValueType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalEvent :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :interGrammarPartRelation, :isTheAttributeOfSomethingCausing ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeCausedByPerceivingSomethingWithAttribute . :percent :wnsense "percent1n" ; :wordnet "percent" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """Is this a Number??? Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'percent' in Wordnet: 1. (74) percentage, percent, per centum, pct - (a proportion multiplied by 100) """ . :performed :en "performed" ; :isaLabelFor :PerformingSomeAction ; a :LogicalFunction . :performsAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'isPerformedBy. This relation relates an AgentType or instance to some ActionType. To relate an Agent to a specific Action, use ''wasTheAgentInAction''. NOTE This can be used (and is in places) to point from the subject of a ''PersistentState'' to the state that thing is in, but for that purpose an equivalent logical relation would be 'isTheSubjectOfState''. see also 'wasOccupiedWith'' for someone currently engaged in aome actvity. See also ''wasTheAgentInAction''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :GenericAgent :ObjectType :SubstanceType :Device :DeviceType :Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action :FeelingType ) ] . :perhaps :ldoce "perhaps" ; :wnsense "maybe1adv", "perhaps1adv", "possibly1adv" ; :wordnet "maybe", "perhaps", "possibly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'it is possible that'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'perhaps' and sense 1 of 'possibly' and sense 1 of 'maybe' in WordNet: 1. (124) possibly, perchance, perhaps, maybe, mayhap, peradventure - (by chance; 'perhaps she will call tomorrow'; 'we may possibly run into them at the concert'; 'it may peradventure be thought that there never was such a time') """ . :pertainsTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'pertainsTo' relates an AttributeValue to some other type. This relation is used to relate AttributeValues that serve to represent adjectives to other types, so as to indicate that the word modified by the adjective is related to that other type in one of several direct ways. In dictionaries this relation is often expressed, in definitions of adjectives, by the phrase 'of or pertaining to'. In WordNet such adjectives are described as related to other words by the phrase 'pertains to'. For example, 'historical' pertains to 'history'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:QualitativeAttributeValue :AttributeValueType ) ] . :physicallyContains :guid "bd58b802-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: adapted from CYC, differs from the parent property in that it does not apply to spatial regions, only to physical objects. CYC: (#$physicallyContains CONT OBJ) means that CONT physically contains (i.e., includes or at least partially surrounds) the object OBJ. #$physicallyContains is agnostic as to whether or not OBJ is a part of CONT and as to whether OBJ is fully inside of CONT. (#$physicallyContains CONT OBJ) it is true that whenever CONT moves, OBJ moves. (A container-predicate whose GAFs do not imply co-movement is #$spatiallyContains (q.v.).) Note that a more specific predicate than #$physicallyContains is almost always applicable -- e.g., #$physicalDecompositions (q.v.) or a more restrictive predicate should be used if OBJ is definitely part of CONT, and #$surrounds-3D (q.v.) or a more restrictive predicate should be used when partonomy is to be ruled out. For example, although #$physicallyContains expresses the relationship between an instance of #$Brain and the head that it is in, #$internalParts (q.v.) is more precise. #$in-ContClosed (q.v.) is more appropriate to specify the relationship of a #$Brain in a #$Skull. The body of a pregnant woman #$physicallyContains a #$Placenta. Since a portion of the placenta is a part of the woman's body, while other portions of it are part of the #$Fetus's body, no more restrictive predicate applies.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :FunctionalSystem ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :FunctionalSystem :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :spatiallyContains . :pi a :GreekCharacter . :playsTheRoleOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'playsTheRoleOf' from an instance of PretendingRole or a PretendingRoleType to the Object or ObjectType that is playing that Role. This is meaningful only within a particular time interval; each instance of Role will always have a start and end point, though they may not be known. NOTE that this relation and its inverse can be used for individuals or types; in the latter case, it means that every Role of a particular type has a role filler of a particular type - but if this is expressed directly as a relation rather than a restriction, it merely serves as an instruction to the reasoner not to instantiate the role filler. This relation differs from 'fillsTheRole' in that assertions about the entity that 'playsTheRoleOf' are not necessarily true about the instance of Role, even in the appropriate time frame. This is especially true of acting roles: a particular DramaticRole may have a father X, but the actor playing that role will not have the same father (unless a person is playing him/herself in a drama). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PretendingRole :PretendingRoleType :Role :RoleType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasRolePlayer . :plus :en "and", "plus" ; :wnsense "plus2n" ; :wordnet "plus" ; a :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'plus' in the mathematical/functional sense of a conjunction representing the operation of addition. 'two plus three equals five'; 'one and one are two' Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'plus' in WordNet: 2. summation, addition, plus - (the arithmetic operation of summing; calculating the sum of two or more numbers; 'the summation of four and three gives seven'; 'four plus three equals seven') """ . :possesses :en "has", "possesses" ; :guid "bd58cf23-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "have", "possess", "possession" ; :wnsense "have4v", "possess2v", "possession1n", "possession2n" ; :wordnet "have", "possess", "possession" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: This is for both physical possession (having objects under one's control), including both possession on the body or in some other location under the control of the person possessing something; it also has a broader sense for 'agents' like animals or even some inanimate things like mannequins, that 'have' other objects, including abstract things such as Rigthts or credentials (licenses, academic degrees). For physical objects, though ownership and possession usually occur at the same time, a thing can be owned and not in physical possession, or physically possessed and not owned (e.g. taken on loan or stolen). Therefore this relation is not a subproperty of 'owns' nor vice-versa. The physical possession might be differentiated from more abstract possession, but having something on the body is still different from having it in a safe deposit box or renting it. This could be broken into multiple subproperties, but only when required when the thing ''possessed' does not clarify the meaning. @ToDo: The relationship between 'owns' and 'possesses' might be specified in some FOL rule. Cyc: (#$possesses AGENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is in the physical possession of AGENT. Compare with #$owns. The object of this relation is a 'possession', sense 2 in Wordnet: 2. (6) possession - (anything owned or possessed) WN 1. (47) own, have, possess - (have ownership or possession of; 'He owns three houses in Florida'; 'How many cars does she have?') WN 'have' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :LegalAgent :GenericAgent ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThing :PhysicalObject :ObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isPossessedBy . :pounds :en "pounds" ; :ldoce "pound" ; :wnsense "pound1n" ; :wordnet "pound" ; a :UnitOfMass, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'pound' in WordNet: 1. (46) pound, lb - (16 ounces; 'he got a hernia when he tried to lift 100 pounds') """ . :practicesOccupation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """practicesOccupation relates a Person or type of Person with an Occupation - or an occupation Type - to an OccupationType, which is a Type. For example,a Nurse practices the occupation of Nursing. @ToDo: is this a subproperty of ''performsActionType''? NOTE that an ''Occupation'' may last only for some period of time, so until time contexts are added, this should be interpreted asmeaning 'practiced occupatin at some time' and there may be more than one value to the relation. In some cases, the name of the role, e.g. 'musician' may also be the same as the name of the occupation; in this case, the role will point to **itself** as the occupation practiced. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :OccupationalRoleType :PersonType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Occupation :OccupationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isKnowledgeableAbout, :performsAction ; owl:inverseOf :isTheOccupationOfA . :precedes :en "precedes" ; :wnsense "precede1v", "precede3v" ; :wordnet "precede" ; a :LinearOrderingRelation, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Used for Events or TimeIntervals that immediately precede another Event or TimeInterval. For immediate causality of Events, one may use this relation in combination with one of the 'cause' relations. The inverse for Events is 'alwaysFollows' - but not for TimeIntervals. These relations can be reorganized. ****COSMO note 20171006: the AttributeValue types were added to domain and range allow this relation to be used as the 'LinearOrderingRelation' for Changes. The poperty 'precedes' has been made an instance of this type, and does not appear to create any logical onconsistencies. **** TimeIntervals and the Time for Events are defined by their boundary points, whether the intervals are open or closed. So one open interval will preced another if the ending time point of one is the same as the starting time point of the other, regardless of whether those time points are considered as being part of the interval or not. Corresponds to parts of verb sense 1 and 3 of 'precede' in WordNet, where the interpretation of the thing preceding is coerced to an Event or state. in WordNet: 1. (9) predate, precede, forego, forgo, antecede, antedate - (be earlier in time; go back further; 'Stone tools precede bronze tools') 3. (3) precede, come before - (be the predecessor of; 'Bill preceded John in the long line of Susan's husbands') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :occurredEarlierThan . :presPartOf a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to an English language verb of which the entry is the 'present participle'. Thus 'Working' is the present participle of 'work'. This tag may not be used when the infinitive form of the verb is referenced by another tag, such as 'ldoce' or 'wordnet'; verbal concepts are often labeled in COSMO by the preent participle.""" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :presenceCauses :en "causes" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'presenceCauses' is the inverse of 'isDueToThePresenceOf'. This relation will be used to relate an Object whose presence causes some Event (by an unspecified mechanism) to the Event that is caused. See also ''induces''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :Obligation :ObligationType :MassMeasure :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Attribute :Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess :Difference ) ] . :presumably :wnsense "presumably1adv", "presumptively1adv" ; :wordnet "presumably", "presumptively" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''presumably'' see also ''apparently'' The speaker presumes the assertion. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'presumably' in WordNet: 1. (16) presumably, presumptively - (by reasonable assumption; 'presumably, he missed the train') """ . :prevents :en "blocks", "obstructs", "prevents" ; :ldoce "prevent" ; :wnsense "prevent2v" ; :wordnet "prevent" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'prevents' relates a 'Preventing' action (or one that has the effect of preventing something from happening) to the type of Event that is prevented by that action. If something 'hinders' rather than actually 'prevents' use the relation 'hinders'; this is a subproperty of ''hinders'' for the more coplete hindrance effect.. NOTE that the domain includes ''Precaution'' so this relation is to be interpreted as including actions that are *intended to prevent* or are likely to prevent something from happening. Corresponds to verb sense 2 of 'prevent' in WordNet: 2. (40) prevent, keep - (prevent from doing something or being in a certain state; 'We must prevent the cancer from spreading'; 'His snoring kept me from falling asleep'; 'Keep the child from eating the marbles') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Preventing :Precaution :Device :EventType :DeviceType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Goal :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hinders ; owl:inverseOf :isPreventedBy . :previously :wnsense "previously1adv" ; :wordnet "previously" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'previously' is an adverb modifying Events with the general meaning 'before he event just mentioned'. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'previously' in WordNet: 1. (30) previously, antecedently - (at an earlier time or formerly; 'she had previously lived in Chicago'; 'he was previously president of a bank'; 'better than anything previously proposed'; 'a previously unquestioned attitude'; 'antecedently arranged') """ . :priorTo :en "prior to" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'prior to' acts as a preposition similar to ''before'' """ . :probably :wnsense "probably1adv", "probably2adv" ; :wordnet "probably" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''probably'' is an adverb that can be used to modify an assertion or as a one-word reply to some statement, or at the beginning of a sentence to mean 'it is likely that'. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'probably' in WordNet: 1. (113) probably, likely, in all likelihood, in all probability, belike - (with considerable certainty; without much doubt; 'He is probably out of the country'; 'in all likelihood we are headed for war') 2. credibly, believably, plausibly, probably -- (easy to believe on the basis of available evidence; 'he talked plausibly before the committee'; 'he will probably win the election') """ . :processes :en "converts", "processes", "transforms", "uses" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ ''processes'' is a specialized relation for both ''ProcessingSomething'' and ''Processor'' to allow specifying the types or instances of objects or SubstanceTypes that are 'processed' by a ''Processor'' in a 'ProcessingSomething'' Event. ''Input'' (a 'Resource') that is processed can be an Object or Substance, By extension of the meaning, A ''Processing'' Event may also use Energy sources that are thereby converted to other forms of Energy. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ProcessingSomething :EventType :Processor :DeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Input :InputType :EnergySource :Object :PhysicalSubstance :ObjectType :SubstanceType :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isProcessedBy . :produced :en "produced" ; :ldoce "produce", "production" ; :wnsense "produce1v", "produce2v", "production3n" ; :wordnet "produce", "production" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """produced relates an Event to something that is produced in the Event. It is the inverse of 'isTheProductOf'. NOTE that 'produced' does not necessarily mean 'created' in the sense that the thing produced did not exist before the Event: Bleeding is an Action that 'produced' Blood, and the Blood existed before the Bleeding, but it was part of an animal before the bleeding and became independent of the animal as a result of the Bleeding process (which is a subtype of EmittingStuff). Creating in the sense of something going from nonexisting to existing is represented by the subproperty 'causedCreationOf'. THe thing produced can be abstract, such as a Thinking event producing some InformationObject - which can be a Proposition or some AbstractRepresentatikonof a Proposition, e.g. an AbstractText. In Cyc, a similar but not identical relation is called 'outputs'. Cyc ('outputs'): This predicate relates a particular creation or destruction event to any of its outputs . (#$outputs EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is an output of EVENT. That is, OBJECT is either created/produced as a result of EVENT (see the specializations #$outputsCreated, #$products, #$byProducts) or something left after another thing was destroyed in EVENT (see the specialization #$outputsRemaining). For example, silicon chips are both #$outputsCreated in and #$products of a chip manufacturing process, while a hunk of scrap metal is an #$outputsRemaining after a car is put through a crusher. When appropriate, instead of using #$outputs, use one of its specializations (of which those mentioned above are the nearest). Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'produce' in WordNet, and is the relation that specifies the ouput of a 'production' noun sense 3: in WordNet: 1. (76) produce, bring forth - (bring forth or yield; 'The tree would not produce fruit') 2. (42) produce, make, create - (create or manufacture a man-made product; 'We produce more cars than we can sell'; 'The company has been making toys for two centuries') WN noun 'production': 3. (134) production - (the act or process of producing something; 'Shakespeare's production of poetry was enormous'; 'the production of white blood cells') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :RoleType :Group :GroupType :GenericSubstance :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :AttributeType :AttributeTypeType :AttributeValueType :QuantitativeAttributeType :QuantitativeAttributeValue :SubstanceShapeType :EnergyType :EmittableThingType :OccupationType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadObjectCreated, :hasParticipant, :hasResult ; owl:inverseOf :isTheProductOf . :produces :en "gives", "produces" ; :ldoce "produce" ; :wnsense "produce1v", "produce2v" ; :wordnet "produce" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'produces' is a type-level relation that can be used to specify that every instance of an Event results in production of some type of Object - but is used at the type level so that there will be no need to specify an instance of the object produced, nor an automatic skolemization of such an instance. NOTE: there is little difference in usage between 'produced' and 'produces'. Though the formed term suggests that it should be used for PhysicalObjects, that usage has not been systematized - and should be. #ToDo. This overlaps with relation ''hadObjectCreated'' - not yet (rev1263) properly distinguished. This should be for types and ''hadObjectCreated'' for instances, but the domain/range overlaps. Related: produces produced typicallyProduces naturallyProduces isDesignedToProduce isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'produce' in WordNet: 1. (76) produce, bring forth - (bring forth or yield; 'The tree would not produce fruit') 2. (42) produce, make, create - (create or manufacture a man-made product; 'We produce more cars than we can sell'; 'The company has been making toys for two centuries') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Role :RoleType :Group :SubstanceType :GroupType :PhysicalSubstance :AttributeType :SubstanceShapeType :QuantitativeAttributeType :QuantitativeAttributeValue :EnergyType :EmittableThingType :AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :OccupationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :produced, :typicallyProduces ; owl:inverseOf :isProducedByEventType . :propels :en "propels" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'propels' relates a Device designed to propel (cause to move) some PhysicalObject (or a FluidObject) that it causes to move when performing its intended function.; examples are ProjectileLauncher or Motors or Engines of various types. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ProjectileLauncher :PropellingDevice :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :FluidType :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isPropelledBy . :provided_that a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :providesMeat a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isTheMeatOf . :quadrennial :en "quadrennial" ; :enadj "quadrennial" ; :hasQuantifier :N_1_4 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :FourYears ; :hasUnit :perYear ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """A Frequency measure meaning once every four Years. This occurs linguistically an adjective. RHW 'quadrennial': 1. occurring every four years: a quadrennial festival. """ . :quantifiesMeasure a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """quantifiesMeasure relates a DatabaseTableColumn that is a number quantifying some unit of measure to some measure which is the intended full meaning, including the unit of measure. This relation is used to allow direct mappings of numerical database attributes to the actual properties, even though the value of the attribute in the database is a bare number.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:range :MeasureType . :quarterly :en "triweekly" ; :enadj "triweekly" ; :hasQuantifier :N_4 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :ThreeMonths ; :hasUnit :perYear ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """''quarterly'' is a Frequency measure meaning 'every quarter' or equivalently 'every three months' or 'four times per year'. NOTE: 'quarterly' is also used as an adverb meaning 'four times per Year', and as both adjective and adverb meaning 'every three months'. Those should be added separately. RHW adj: 'triweekly': 4. occurring or appearing three times a week. """ . :query a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """Used to contain the text of a SPARQL query. The left-angle-bracket in a query needs to be replaced by some character(s) to parse properly.""" ; rdfs:label "SPARQL query" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :quietly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Quiet ; :wnsense "quietly1adv", "quietly2adv", "softly1adv" ; :wordnet "quietly", "softly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''quietly'' is an adverb describing sound levels, indicating that the events characterized had very low sound levels. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'quietly' in WordNet: 1. (8) softly, quietly - (with low volume; 'speak softly but carry a big stick'; 'she spoke quietly to the child'; 'the radio was playing softly') 2. (7) quietly - (with little or no sound; 'the class was listening quietly and intently'; 'she was crying quietly') """ . :quitePerceptibly :wnsense "clearly4adv" ; :wordnet "clearly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''quitePerceptibly'' is an adverb whose general sense is 'in an easily perceptible manner' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'clearly' in WordNet: 4. (1) clearly, clear - (in an easily perceptible manner; 'could be seen clearly under the microscope'; 'She cried loud and clear') """ . :radians :en "radians" ; a :UnitOfMeasure . :rarely :isTheOppositeOf :usually ; :wnsense "rarely1adv", "seldom1adv" ; :wordnet "rarely", "seldom" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'rarely' is an adverb whose general sense is 'very infrequently observed'. This is an opposite meaning from usually' .In modifying an Event or state it specifies that the Event modified has a **quality or specific type of participant or result** less commonly than other possible qualities or results. NOTE: the related ''RateMeasure'' labeled ''Seldom'' is a more specific adverbial modifier that is an absolute rather than relative measure, indicating that the fequency of occurrance of some Event is less than once per month. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'seldom' in Wordnet: 1. (10) rarely, seldom - (not often; 'we rarely met') """ . :re :en "re" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'re' is a preposition (often followed by a colon) that means 'in reference to'.introducing some topic. RHW: in the case of; with reference to; in re. """ . :realizes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''realizes'' relates some ''FutureSituation'' (such as one that is referenced in a ''Promise'' or a ''Prediction'') to the executed event that realizes (makes real) the intended or predicted Event. This is somewhat similar to 'isAnExecutionOf'', the relation that points from an Action to the Plan or Procedure that specifies how to accomplish the Action. But that relation is specific for Procedures, and this relation relates other kinds of contemplated Events, collected under the generic ''FutureSituation'' to the actual events that realize them. NOTE that this specialized relation describes the nonintuitive manner in which a possible ''FutureSituation'' can influence (in a sense, 'cause') a current Event through the agency of an agent who performs the current event in anticipation of converting the FutureSituation into a realized current Event. For one exaple of usage see ''KeepingaPromise''. The nuance in using this relation is that a ''FutureEvent'' is predicted or desired in the mind of some Agent, but is specified as being in the Future. The realization is not in the future, but in the present or past. A 'FutureSituation'' may never materialize - to be the *subject of a ''realizes' relation means that the Event is no longer future, but has been performed. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FutureSituation :SpecificationType ) ] . :really :en "in fact" ; :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Actual, :Real ; :ldoce "really" ; :wnsense "actually1adv", "genuinely1adv", "in truth1ad", "really1adv", "really2adv", "really3adv", "truly1adv", "truly4adv" ; :wordnet "actually", "genuinely", "in truth", "really", "truly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'really' is an adverb whose general sense is 'in fact (though one might think otherwise)'. The interpretation is context-dependent and the meaning of linguistic use of 'really' will have to be resolved by the function. There are distinguishable senses depending on whether the words modified is an adjective or some other grammatical type - but those distinctions are not yet made in COSMO. Corresponds to adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'really' in WordNet: 1. (61) truly, genuinely, really - (in accordance with truth or fact or reality; 'she was now truly American'; 'a genuinely open society'; 'they don't really listen to us') 2. (42) actually, really - (in actual fact; 'to be nominally but not actually independent'; 'no one actually saw the shark'; 'large meteorites actually come from the asteroid belt') WN adverb 'truly': 4. in truth, really, truly - (in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers); 'in truth, moral decay hastened the decline of the Roman Empire'; 'really, you shouldn't have done it'; 'a truly awful book') """ . :recently :ldoce "recently" ; :wnsense "lately1adv", "recently1adv" ; :wordnet "lately", "recently" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'recently' is an adverb modifying Events with the general meaning 'in the near past'. WordNet distinguishes 'very recently' from plain 'recently', but there is no quantitative criterion for what interval of tme makes something 'very recent'. The use of 'recently' in linguistic phrases may have to trigger an attempt to determine how far in the past is intended, which may be signaled by preceding text, as in: 'last year he was still suffering from a bout of Lyme disease, but recently has felt normal'. In this case the 'recently' can be interpreted as 'this year'. 'In the 1800's 'handsome' was applied to beatiful animals such as butterflies, but more recently has been restricted to male humans'. Here 'more recently' means anytime after the end of the 1800's up to the present. 'recently married' - vague, perhaps less than six months ago? less than a year ago? Definitely less than five years ago. Here, a probability of its intended meaning would go from high to zero over the five year period from the present backward. Rather than try to distinguish more or less recent, the LogicalFunction 'recently' may use text clues to narrow the time frame indicated, and represent that in quantitative terms; otherwise, it can remain vague and just be represented by this type. Includes adverb senses 1 and 2 of 'recently' and adv sense 1 of 'lately' in WordNet: 1. (31) recently, late, lately, of late, latterly - (in the recent past; 'he was in Paris recently'; 'lately the rules have been enforced'; 'as late as yesterday she was fine'; 'feeling better of late'; 'the spelling was first affected, but latterly the meaning also') 2. (8) recently, newly, freshly, fresh, new - (very recently; 'they are newly married'; 'newly raised objections'; 'a newly arranged hairdo'; 'grass new washed by the rain'; 'a freshly cleaned floor'; 'we are fresh out of tomatoes') """ . :recordWasCreatedBy a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """recordWasCreatedBy is a specialization of the general relation 'wasCreatedBy', specific for DatabaseRecords. This relation relates a DatabaseRecord to the agent (usually a Person) who created it. A DatabaseRecord might also be created automatically by a program, which can also be an instance of ''IntentionalAgent''. Although this relation and its parent point to an Agent who created a DatabaseRecord, the fields in actual databases may either (1) have values that are simply string datatypes, or (2) may be foreign keys with pointers into some other table(s) in the database, representing a person (or other 'creator'). In order to create a mapping from a Database to this ontology, when a string-denominated field such as a 'CREATED_BY' column in some database is imported into the ontology, an entity of type GenericAgent should be created (if it does not already exist) to fill the ontology relation value. When representing databases in which a 'creator' record value is a simple string rather than a foreign key, the relation 'recordWasCreatedByAsString' should be used, rather than this relation,so the implementing system will be able to interpret it properly. If the value of the field is a datatype string and it looks like a person (or there is some constraint as to who can create database records), the import routine should find or create an instance of Person as the value of the mapped ontology entity. This should be effective if there is already a list of employees or contractors with permission to create database records. For each given database, use this relation in a separate listing with 'correspondsToDB_Column' relation triples to specify which table columns correspond to this relation. For example, if a database table with prefix code 'ABCD' has a 'creator' field called 'SourceID', pointing to a record in another table, this relation will be related to that column by the relation: """ ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseRecord ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AbstractString ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasCreatedBy . :recordWasCreatedByAsString a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """recordWasCreatedByAsString is a specialization of relation 'recordWasCreatedBy', specific for DatabaseRecords where the 'creator' field is simply a datatype string rather than a pointer into a table representing people (or other agents). This relation relates a DatabaseRecord to the agent (usually a Person) who created it, but signals the interpreting program that the creating agent has no direct referents in the database. The implementing program will have to interpret it as appropriate in the application. When representing databases in which a 'creator' record value is a simple string rather than a foreign key, this relation could be used, rather than the parent 'recordWasCreatedBy'. However, if there is any other reference in the database to persons who may be named in the Creator field, it would be better to represent the values as reified people (and even better to have contact information, so they can be found when questions arise). In general, to create a mapping from a Database to this ontology, when a string-denominated field such as a 'CREATED_BY' column in some database is imported into the ontology, an entity of type GenericAgent should be created (if it does not already exist) to fill the ontology relation value. If the string which is the value of the field looks like a person (or there is some constraint as to who can create database records), the import routine should find or create an instance of Person as the value of the mapped ontology entity. This should be effective if there is already a list of employees or contractors with permission to create database records. For each given database, use this relation in a separate listing with 'correspondsToDB_Column' relation triples to specify which table columns correspond to this relation.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseRecord ; rdfs:range :AbstractString ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :recordWasCreatedBy . :refersToExternalEntity :en "bears on", "concerning", "concerns", "deals with", "pertaining", "pertains to", "refers to", "regarding", "relates to", "touches on", "with regard to" ; :wnsense "bear on1v", "concern1v", "pertain1v", "refer2v", "relate2v", "touch on2v" ; :wordnet "bear on", "concern", "pertain", "refer", "relate", "touch on" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """refersToExternalEntity relates a MentalObject (e.g. a document, goal, fear) or a Communication to some external entity that is explicitly referenced in the MentalObject or Communication. The external entity may be any kind of entity: physical object, topic of study, event past or future. A Goal may, for example, focus on some Event or State that the agent wants to happen. See aso ''hasTopic'' for a related relation to ''refersToExternalEntity'' @ToDo: These may need additional consideration and refinement when more exmples of usage are examined. @ToDo NOTE that by allowing 'Communication' and InformationTransferEvent, an Event, to be a subject of this relation we are to some extent conflating the Communication act with the subject of the communication. These parts should be distinguished, but because of the limnited expressivity of OWL, at v0.36 this conflation is allowed, to make the ontology easier to work with until a better tool is adopted. expresses ideas similar to WN ''concern': in WordNet: 1. (56) refer, pertain, relate, concern, come to, bear on, touch, touch on - (have to do with or be relevant to; 'There were lots of questions referring to her talk'; 'My remark pertained to your earlier comments') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AbstractText :Name :Label :Specification :Action :ExternalReferringThing :Message :Communication :CommunicationType :Object :Event :DirectedFeeling :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType :ObjectType :EventType :Trait :PersonalityTraitType :Goal :GoalType :Rule :Desire :Motive :Proposition :PropositionType :Theory :Searching ) ] . :refersToFutureSituation :en "concerns", "regarding", "relates to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """refersToFutureSituation relates a MentalObject, Communictaion, or Feeling to some FutureSituation which is its topic or focus.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:MentalObject :MentalEvent :InformationTransferEvent :DirectedFeeling :AttributeValue :MentalObject :AttributeValueType :Proposition :PropositionType :Theory ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:FutureSituation :Event :EventType :FutureSituationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :refersToExternalEntity . :refrainedFrom :en "did not", "didn't", "eschewed", "refrained from" ; :wnsense "refrain1v" ; :wordnet "refrain" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''refrainedFrom'' is a relation that can be used to specify that an Agent *did not* perform some action. This is most useful within some context specifying the time frame within which the lack of performance occurred. See also action ''Refraining''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'refrain' in Wordnet: 1. (1) refrain, forbear - (resist doing something; 'He refrained from hitting him back'; 'she could not forbear weeping') """ ; rdfs:domain :IntentionalAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] . :regardlessOf :en "despite", "in spite of", "irrespective of", "no matter what", "regardless of", "without regard for", "without regard to" ; :wnsense "disregarding1adv", "irrespective1adv", "no matter1adv", "regardless1adv" ; :wordnet "disregarding", "irrespective", "no matter", "regardless" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition ''regardlessOf'' is similar to 'notwithstanding' in introducing a noun phrase specifying some state or event that would normally preclude or make difficult the Action preceding the preposition. WordNet classifies 'regardless' as an adverb but RHW has 'regardless of' it as an adjective: RHW adj 'regardless of': regardless of, in spite of; without regard for: They'll do it regardless of the cost. In COSMO this phrase is considered as a prepositional phrase that serves to create an adverbial phrase. This doesn't fit the usual grammatical categories. The WordNet synonyms are usually used with 'of' that converts what can be used as a postpositional adverb into a preposition, that together with the folowing noun phrase serves as an adverbial phrase. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'regardless' in WordNet: 1. (14) regardless, irrespective, disregardless, no matter, disregarding - (in spite of everything; without regard to drawbacks; 'he carried on regardless of the difficulties') """ . :regrettably :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Regrettable ; :wnsense "regrettably1adv", "sadly1adv" ; :wordnet "regrettably", "sadly" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """'regrettably' is used by a speaker to express the opinion that the *situation* described is ''Unfortunate'' or ''Regrettable''; if the situation is due to bad luck, the proper adverb would be ''unfortunately'' Corresponds to part of adverb sense 1 of 'regrettably' and part of adverb sense 1 of 'sadly' in Wordnet: 1. (12) unfortunately, unluckily, regrettably, alas - (by bad luck; 'unfortunately it rained all day'; 'alas, I cannot stay') WN adverb 'sadly': 1. (7) sadly, unhappily - (in an unfortunate way; 'sadly he died before he could see his grandchild') """ . :relatedInternalConcept :en "has a relation to", "is related to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """SUMO - 155 concept. Broadly points to something related, without being specific about the relation. """ . :removes :en "removes" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''removes'' is a relation that points to the thing removed (the *patient) in a ''RemovingSomething'' Event. This can be used for removing PhysicaObjects or substances,or for removing Abstract objects such as ''Rule''s or ''Regulation''s, or for 'removing' some ''PhysiologicalCondition'' (this might be better represented as 'stopping'' the condition). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:RemovingSomething ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :GenericSubstance :PhysiologicalCondition :PhysiologicalConditionType ) ] . :reportedly :en "according to a report", "according to reports", "it was reported that" ; :wnsense "reportedly1adv" ; :wordnet "reportedly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''reportedly'' is an adverb mdifying an assertion that means that the Assertion is one that was reported to have been said by someone other than the present speaker. Tricky to represent - may need a complex function. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'reportedly' in WordNet: 1. (3) reportedly - (according to reports or other information; 'she was reportedly his mistress for many years') """ . :representsCode a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """representsCode points from a Code or a CodeString to the actual string of characters that is used as the code. This relation is required because the name of the code in a CodeList must have a CodeListPrefix. The Code may in most cases be derivable from the name by removing the prefix, but there may be characters in the code not allowed in ontology element names, and these will have to be represented in a datatype string.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CodeString :Code ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :representsEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'representsEvent' points from some AbstractObject (such as a ComputerVideoFile) to an Event or EventType that it represents: this allows linkage of any video to an actual physical Event (even in an imaginary world) that it represents or records.. NOTE that abstract objects such as video files may represent many different subevents, so it would not be correct to assert that a video file represents one Event (or, more problematic one type of Event). """ ; rdfs:domain :AbstractObject ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isRepresentedInVideo . :representsFingerType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'representsFingerType' points from a FingerprintAttribute (which points to an image of a FingerPrint) to the type of finger (e.g. 'LeftTumb') that the fingerprint identifies. #*@unused """ ; rdfs:domain :FingerprintAttribute ; rdfs:range :FingerType . :representsInstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """representsInstance points from a Code or CodeString to some instance in the ontology that the CodeString is intended to represent. Thus a CodeString 'CC2_US' would point to the instance of Country 'UnitedStatesOfAmerica', represented as a String somewhere in the ontology.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CodeString :Code ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isanAbstractRepresentationOf . :representsObject :ldoce "represent" ; :wnsense "represent1v", "represent2v" ; :wordnet "represent" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'representsObject' points from some AbstractObject (such as an abstract image) to a PhysicalObject (or type) that it represents: this is for representation of 'PhysicalObjects' that are **not** symbolic, such as poionting from an image of a Person to some specific person, or to the generic type 'Person'. For the relation pointing from an abstract image to a physical object, use 'isanImageOf'. This is one of the relations that correspond to part of verb senses 1 and 2 of 'represent' in WordNet: 1. (39) represent, stand for, correspond - (take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to; 'Because of the sound changes in the course of history, an 'h' in Greek stands for an 's' in Latin') 2. (30) typify, symbolize, symbolise, stand for, represent - (express indirectly by an image, form, or model; be a symbol; 'What does the Statue of Liberty symbolize?') """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPhysicalRepresentation . :representsPhysicalEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A relation that corresponds to part of the verb sense 1 of 'represent; (see also 'hasRepresentation') in WordNet: 1. (39) represent, stand for, correspond - (take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to; 'Because of the sound changes in the course of history, an 'h' in Greek stands for an 's' in Latin') """ ; rdfs:domain :AbstractEvent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isRepresentedByAbstractEvent . :representsType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """representsType points from a Code to some Type or instance in the ontology that the CodeString is intended to represent. Thus a CodeString 'PFC' could point to ontology element 'PrivateFirstClass', a Role in a military organization. The Sex code 'SEX_M' will point to 'MaleSex', an instance of Gender. This is useful where the actual *description* of the meaning of the Code in a CodeList is not lexically identical to the name of the type or instance in the ontology.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CodeString :Code ) ] . :requiredBodypart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'requiredBodypart' is a subrelation of 'requiredInstrument' for Actions that are performed with, and require the use of, one or more specific bodyparts.""" ; rdfs:range :AnimalBodyPartType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :requiredInstrument . :requiredInstrument a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'requiredInstrument' is a subrelation of 'wasFacilitatedByInstrument' for Actions that require a certain type of instrument (or, occasionally, an individual instrument) in order to be accomplished..""" ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasFacilitatedByInstrument ; owl:inverseOf :isaRequiredInstrumentForAction . :requiresResource :en "depends on" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :usesResource ; owl:inverseOf :isaRequiredResourceFor . :resembles :en "resembles" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'resembles' relates a first Object to some second Object or ObjectType, where the first object presents a visual appearance of being the second thing. This can be used to represent the notion expressed as 'that looks like a (type of object)' or 'that looks like (an individual Object)'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :Event :ObjectType :EventType ) ] . :residesIn :en "is a resident of", "lives in", "resides in" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'residesIn'' relates a Person to the GeopoliticalEntity in which s/he has their primary legal 'residence'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Person :GroupOfPeople :PersonType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeopoliticalEntity :Place :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :inhabits . :resultsInAcquisitionOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :wasAcquiredInEvent . :reversedTheEffectOf :ldoce "undo" ; :wnsense "reverse1v", "reverse4v", "undo1v" ; :wordnet "reverse", "undo" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'reversedTheEffectOf' is an instance-level relation that specifies that one instance of Event in fact reversed the effect of another instance of Event; this may be true even if in general that type of Event that did the reversing does not usually reverse the effect of an Event of the other type.. To assert the general rule that one type of event tends to reverse the effect of another type of Event, use the relation 'reversesTheEffectOf'. Includes verb sense 4 and part of verb sense 1 of 'reverse' and verb sense 1 of 'undo' in WordNet: 1. (8) change by reversal, turn, reverse - (change to the contrary; 'The trend was reversed'; 'the tides turned against him'; 'public opinion turned when it was revealed that the president had an affair with a White House intern') 4. revoke, annul, lift, countermand, reverse, repeal, overturn, rescind, vacate - (annul by recalling or rescinding; 'He revoked the ban on smoking'; 'lift an embargo'; 'vacate a death sentence') WN verb 'undo': 1. (3) undo - (cancel, annul, or reverse an action or its effect; 'I wish I could undo my actions') """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range :Event ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :reversesTheEffectOf . :reversesTheEffectOf :en "reverses", "reverses the effect of", "undoes" ; :ldoce "reverse", "undo" ; :wnsense "reverse1v", "reverse4v", "undo1v" ; :wordnet "reverse", "undo" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'reversesTheEffectOf' specifies that one EventType tends to reverse (undo) the effect of another Event or EventType - not necessarily exactly, but the effects go in opposite directions. Thus ConcentratingaSolution is the reverse of Diluting. Reversal of effect is not necessarily exact or complete this relation merely informs the system that, i it wants to reverse the effect of some Event, it should look for types of events related to the first by this relation. Also, even if the reversal of effect occurs less than half the time, this relation applies if the first EventType is usually performed with the intention of undoing the effects of the first EventType. For example, a CleaningEvent is usually intended to reverse the effects of a ContaminationEvent. See ''UndoingAction'' for the type of ''Action'' (by an Agent) that can cause a reversal. This can also be used for specific Events that reversed the effect of other Events - see 'Returning' for a use of this instance-level usage. NOTE that the domain includes instances, so that this relation can be inherited to subclasses in OWL. For specific instances of Event that reversed the effect of another instance of Event, use 'reversedTheEffectOf'. Includes verb sense 4 and part of verb sense 1 of 'reverse' and verb sense 1 of 'undo' in WordNet: 1. (8) change by reversal, turn, reverse - (change to the contrary; 'The trend was reversed'; 'the tides turned against him'; 'public opinion turned when it was revealed that the president had an affair with a White House intern') 4. revoke, annul, lift, countermand, reverse, repeal, overturn, rescind, vacate - (annul by recalling or rescinding; 'He revoked the ban on smoking'; 'lift an embargo'; 'vacate a death sentence') WN verb 'undo': 1. (3) undo - (cancel, annul, or reverse an action or its effect; 'I wish I could undo my actions') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTheReverseEffectOf, :occurredLaterThan . :roleIsAssumedInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """@ToDo: Probebly needs some way to specify *which* role is assumes, as an Object may have more than one. ??Subject should be role type??""" ; owl:inverseOf :patientAssumesRole . :roleMayBeFilledBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'roleMayBeFilledBy' Points from an instance of Role or a RoleType to the Object or ObjectType, or substance(type) that *may* fill that Role or RoleType. Unlike 'fillsTheRoleOf' and its inverse 'hasRoleFiller', which are used at times when a role is actualy being filled, this relation and its inverse allows specifying the **capability** of an Object(or type) or substance (or type) to fill a Role(type). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Role :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mayFillTheRoleOf . :sadly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Sad ; :wnsense "sadly2adv" ; :wordnet "sadly" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''sadly''is an adverb that indicates that the action described was done with sadness by the actor,: Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'sadly' in Wordnet: 2. (2) sadly - (with sadness; in a sad manner; ''She died last night,' he said sadly') """ . :seconds :en "seconds" ; :ldoce "second" ; :wnsense "second1n" ; :wordnet "second" ; a :UnitOfTime ; rdfs:comment """A unit of measure, equal to the length of one second of time. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'second' in WordNet: 1. (24) second, sec, s - (1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites) """ . :secretes a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isSecretedBy . :seemingly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Apparent ; :wnsense "apparently1adv", "on the face of it1adv", "ostensibly1adv", "seemingly1adv" ; :wordnet "apparently", "on the face of it", "ostensibly", "seemingly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''seemingly'' see also ''presumably'' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'seemingly' in WordNet: 1. (9) apparently, seemingly, ostensibly, on the face of it - (from appearances alone; 'irrigation often produces bumper crops from apparently desert land'; 'the child is seemingly healthy but the doctor is concerned'; 'had been ostensibly frank as to his purpose while really concealing it'-Thomas Hardy; 'on the face of it the problem seems minor') """ . :seldom :hasFirstElement :eventsPerMonth ; :hasQuantifier :LT_1 ; :hasSecondElement :LT_1 ; :hasUnit :eventsPerMonth ; :wnsense "rarely1adv", "seldom1adv" ; :wordnet "rarely", "seldom" ; a :RateMeasure ; rdfs:comment """'seldom' is a 'RateMeasure' that is highly dependent on context for interpretation, but the 'thing' that occurs 'often' can be coerced into representation as an Event. For the default case we use fewer than once per month. More specific 'seldom' instances can be generated, and the names will need to be more specific. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'seldom' in Wordnet: 1. (10) rarely, seldom - (not often; 'we rarely met') """ . :sells :en "sells" ; :ldoce "sell" ; :wnsense "sell1v" ; :wordnet "sell" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'sells' relates organizations or places of business or individual people to the objects or services or substances that they usually sell. e.g. 'Microsoft sells software'. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'Sell' in WordNet: 1. (633) sell - (exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent; 'He sold his house in January'; 'She sells her body to survive and support her drug habit') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CommercialOrganization :CommercialFacility :Person :OrganizationType :PhysicalObjectType :RoleType :PersonType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :ServiceType :PhysicalObjectType ) ] . :seriesOrderedBy :guid "c0dbc44e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This predicate relates a series to relations that order them linearly. (#$seriesOrderedBy SERIES PRED) means that PRED is a relation that imposes a linear, or total, ordering (see #$TotalOrdering) on the #$seriesMembers of SERIES. PRED is both a #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate and an #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate, and each member of SERIES stands in the relation PRED to all of the succeeding members. For example, if SERIES is a line of cars driving north, it might be ordered by #$northOf (and perhaps also by ahead of ) """ ; rdfs:domain :Series . :seriesOrderedByInverse :guid "bd70bf75-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """(#$seriesOrderedByInverse SER PRED) means that PRED is the relation that imposes an order on the members of SER. Each member of the series stands in the relation PRED to the series members that come before it. For example, if SER is a line of cars driving south, the ordering relation might be #$northOf (or ''behind''). See also #$seriesOrderedBy.""" ; rdfs:domain :Series . :servesAsaPathFor a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """servesAsaPathFor relates a Path-Physical to some physical object that can move more easily along that path than if the path were absent. This relation can answer the question 'what moves along this path?' Note that we can have paths for electricity and light waves (optical fibers), because electrons and photons are considered as physical objects in the COSMO ontology. COSMO-TODO: This is a relation that should be defined on types, i.e. a particular type of path typically serves for a particular type of object (that can move along it) or for a paicular kind of motion. A general metatype for physical objects may be used if no more specific type has been defined. """ ; rdfs:domain :Path-Spatial ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :PhysicalObjectType :ProcessType :EventType ) ] . :seven :hasCardinalityNumber "7"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "7"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "seven" ; :wnsense "seven1adj" ; :wordnet "seven" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'seven' takes a type and returns a Group containing seven instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'seven' in WordNet: 1. (33) seven, 7, vii - (being one more than six) """ . :shall :ldoce "shall" ; a :AuxVerb, :VerbInf ; rdfs:comment """The auxiliary verb that expresses that the action verb modified will or may occur in the future. Often used as a synonym of 'will', but may have different connotations of intention depending on the speaker. """ . :she :ldoce "she" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'she' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to a female animal (usually a person). It may be used metaphorically for inanimate objects. """ . :should :en "ought" ; :ldoce "should" ; a :ModalAuxVerb, :VerbInf ; rdfs:comment """The modal auxiliary verb that expresses a lesser degree of obligation than 'must'. @FOL: This needs to be handled with FOL assertion: the subject of this verb has an obligation to pergorm the action that the verb modifies. """ . :showsEvidenceOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'showsEvidenceOf' is a relation applying to (1) Actions of 'MakingSomethingNoticeable' and its subtypes, specifying what it is that was made noticeable; and (2) GenericArtifacts that exhibit some attribute of their creator. The sorts of things that an Action or Object can make noticeable are of many sorts - see MakingSomethingNoticeable for further discussion. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :ObjectType :MakingSomethingNoticeable :Action :PhysicalObject :ConceptualWork ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :Capability :Group :Event :Object :ObjectType :EventType :SubstanceType :CapabilityType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :wasEvidencedBy . :signifies :en "carries the implication", "has the implication", "implies", "indicates", "is evidence for", "is evidence of", "means that", "provides evidence for", "provides evidence of", "signifies", "suggests" ; :wnsense "signify1v", "signify2v", "signify3v" ; :wordnet "signify" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'signifies' broadly applies to anything that can be interpreted as symbolic of something else. This is mostly for use with symbolic objects or gestures,but may be used for even natural things such as some physical features of the ground that signify the presence of ore, or some properties of an Organism that signify a disease. In the case of natural things perhaps a relation like 'isEvidenceOf' might be a subtype. For now (Rev1231) it it unrestricted as to domain and range. This is very broad, and has no limits on domain or range. The subproperties ''expressesMentalObject'' and ''expressesMentalState'' are more restricted in what they can be applied to and how they can be applied. For drawing conclusions from linguistic assertions, see ''Reasoning'' and ''Inferring'' and ''Conclusion''. This is the relation that conveys essentially the same meaning as ''Indicating'' = implies, indicates, suggests Includes verb senses 1, 2, and 3 of 'signify'in WordNet: 1. (3) mean, intend, signify, stand for - (denote or connote; ''maison' means 'house' in French'; 'An example sentence would show what this word means') 2. (1) signify - (convey or express a meaning; 'These words mean nothing to me!'; 'What does his strange behavior signify?') 3. signify - (make known with a word or signal; 'He signified his wish to pay the bill for our meal') WN verb 'mean': 2. (91) entail, imply, mean - (have as a logical consequence; 'The water shortage means that we have to stop taking long showers') """ . :similarly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Similar ; :ldoce "as" ; :wnsense "as1adv", "equally1adv", "every bit1adv", "likewise1adv", "similarly1adv" ; :wordnet "as", "equally", "every bit", "likewise", "similarly" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''similarly'' is an adverb describing actions or situations which are similar to other situations in some manner. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'similarly' in WordNet: 1. (22) similarly, likewise - (in like or similar manner; 'He was similarly affected'; 'some people have little power to do good, and have likewise little strength to resist evil'- Samuel Johnson) WN adv 'equally': 1. (15) equally, as, every bit - (to the same degree (often followed by 'as'); 'they were equally beautiful'; 'birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly'; 'sang as sweetly as a nightingale'; 'he is every bit as mean as she is') """ . :since :ldoce "since" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :six :hasCardinalityNumber "6"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "6"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "six" ; :wnsense "61adj", "half dozen1adj", "half-dozen1adj", "six1adj", "vi1adj" ; :wordnet "6", "half dozen", "half-dozen", "six", "vi" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'six' takes a type and returns a Group containing five instances of that type. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'six' in WordNet: 1. (77) six, 6, vi, half dozen, half-dozen - (denoting a quantity consisting of six items or units) """ . :slower :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Slow ; :wnsense "slower1adv" ; :wordnet "slower" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''slower''is an adverb that indicates (for an event) that it was performed more slowly (less quickly) than some reference Event.. Usually used to describe Actions. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'slower' in WordNet: 1. slower - (more slowly) """ . :so :ldoce "so" ; :wnsense "so1adv" ; :wordnet "so" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'so' that means 'very' or 'very much' or 'to a great degree' Corresponds to part of adverb sense 1 of 'so' in WordNet (the usage in 'never beenso happy' seems to mean 'to that degree' - no COSMO element has that specific meaning): in WordNet: 1. (323) so - (to a very great extent or degree; 'the idea is so obvious'; 'never been so happy'; 'I love you so'; 'my head aches so!') """ . :soThat :en "in order that", "in order to", "so as to", "so that" ; :ldoce "so" ; :wnsense "so2adv" ; :wordnet "so" ; a :Conjunction, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'soThat' that means 'in order that' or 'so as to' 'in order to', connecting one sentence with another that explains the purpose of the action in the first sentence. See relations ''hasPurpose'' and ''isaMethodTo'' In WordNet this is treated as an adverb: Corresponds to adverb sense 2 of 'so' in WordNet: 2. (79) so - - (in a manner that facilitates; 'he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior'; 'he stooped down so he could pick up his hat') """ . :so_that a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :some :ldoce "certain", "each", "some" ; :wnsense "certain1adj", "some1adj", "some2adj", "some4adj" ; :wordnet "certain", "some" ; a :Adjective, :Determiner, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier ; rdfs:comment """'some'; is a function instantiating an unspecified number or quantity of the type modified by this adjective. This corresponds to senses 1, 2,and 3, and overlaps with sense 4 of RHW (see below). There are also pronominal and adverbial senses not included here. 'some of' should be a separate entry. NOTE that this is essentially identical in meaning to the ExistenceAttributeValue 'SomeCertain' - @ToDo - these should be merged when the proper treament of VerbalQuantifiers is determined in the FOL version. Random House Webster Senses of adjective 'some': 1. being an undetermined or unspecified one: Some person may object. 2. (used with plural nouns) certain: Some days I stay home. 3. of a certain unspecified number, amount, degree, etc.: to some extent. 4. unspecified but considerable in number, amount, degree, etc.: We talked for some time. He was here some weeks. 5. Informal. of impressive or remarkable quality, consequence, extent, etc.: That was some storm. Includes most of the adjective sense 1 of 'certain' and adjective senses 1, 2, and 4 of 'some' in Wordnet: 1. (136) certain - (definite but not specified or identified; 'set aside a certain sum each week'; 'to a certain degree'; 'certain breeds do not make good pets'; 'certain members have not paid their dues'; 'a certain popular teacher'; 'a certain Mrs. Jones') WN adjective 'some': 1. (130) some - (quantifier; used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity; 'have some milk'; 'some roses were still blooming'; 'having some friends over'; 'some apples'; 'some paper') 2. (7) some - (relatively many but unspecified in number; 'they were here for some weeks'; 'we did not meet again for some years') 4. some - (relatively much but unspecified in amount or extent; 'we talked for some time'; 'he was still some distance away') """ . :somehow :ldoce "somehow" ; :wnsense "somehow1adv" ; :wordnet "somehow" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'somehow' that means 'in some (unknown) manner' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'somehow' in WordNet: 1. (16) somehow, someway, someways, in some way, in some manner - - (in some unspecified way or manner; or by some unspecified means; 'they managed somehow'; 'he expected somehow to discover a woman who would love him'; 'he tried to make it someway acceptable') """ . :sometime :en "sometime or other" ; :wnsense "sometime1adv" ; :wordnet "sometime" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """An indefinite time, past or future. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sometime' in WordNet: 1. (6) sometime - (at some indefinite or unstated time; 'let's get together sometime'; 'everything has to end sometime'; 'It was to be printed sometime later') """ . :sometimes :ldoce "sometimes" ; :wnsense "sometimes1adv" ; :wordnet "sometimes" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'times' that means 'at more than one unspecified time, but not every possible time' This may be used to specify alternatives: 'sometimes here, sometimes in New York, an someties in LA'. For a *less frequent* 'sometmes' use ''occcasionally''. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sometimes' in WordNet: 1. (102) sometimes - - (on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always; 'sometimes she wished she were back in England'; 'sometimes her photography is breathtaking'; 'sometimes they come for a month; at other times for six months') """ . :spatiallyContains :guid "be21c3b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: adapted from CYC: this differs from the more generic 'contains' in that it does not apply to substances, only to spatial regions or objects. CYC: (#$spatiallyContains CONT OBJ) means that #$SpatialThing OBJ is within the convex hull of some other #$SpatialThing CONT. #$spatiallyContains is agnostic as to whether OBJ is a part of CONT, fully inside of CONT (as opposed to sharing an outer surface with it), or moves with CONT (see #$movesWith). #$spatiallyContains is a very general predicate, so a more specific predicate is almost always applicable. For example, if OBJ #$movesWith CONT, the slightly more specific predicate #$physicallyContains is applicable.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :FunctionalSystem :Region :Place :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :contains . :spatio-temporal-particular a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO Note: note that Cyc SpatialThing does not have to be in our space-time, whereas DOLCE spatio-temporal-particular is. So the DOLCE class is a subclass of the Cyc class. OPENCYC 1: MAY 23, 2002 The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other #$SpatialThing or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a #$SpatialThing may be #$PartiallyTangible (e.g. #$Texas-State) or wholly #$Intangible (e.g. #$ArcticCircle or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a #$SpatialThing might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all #$SpatialThings are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, #$SpatialThing-Localized. Note that most of the Cyc 'SpatialThings' are in our universe (though not necessarily), so most are also under DOLCE 'spatio-temporal-particular'. DOLCE: Dummy class for optimizing some property universes. It includes all entities that are not reifications of universals ('abstracts'), i.e. those entities that are in space-time.""" ; rdfs:label "spatio-temporal-particular[DOLCE]%SpatialThing"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :SpatialThing . :speaksLanguage a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Specifies a natural human language of which an IntelligentAgent (person(s), automaton, or organization or group) has a working knowledge - not necessarily native level. NOTE that IntelligentAgent includes human groups and organizations; for CollectiveAgents, that Agent 'speaks' the languag if there is usually some representative availabel to speak that language. There may be more than one language that an agent speaks; each will be specified separately. For the percentage of speakers within a population that speak some particular language, see 'hasLanguagePercentage'.""" ; rdfs:domain :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:range :HumanLanguage . :startedAsStudent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from a Student to the time that Role began. A person may have multiple disconnected periods of being a student, so this relation may have multiple values. It should be higher-arity to include the institution where the student role was played out.""" ; rdfs:domain :Student ; rdfs:range :TimePoint . :starts :en "starts" ; :ldoce "begin", "beginning", "start" ; :wnsense "begin5v", "beginning1n", "start4v" ; :wordnet "begin", "beginning", "start" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this relation is adapted from SUMO 'starts', and is used in COSMO to allow specifying that one TimeInterval or Event is the begining part of a larger TimeInterval or Event. This is used for types as well as instances. NOTE also that in COSMO an TimeInterval or Event can be of any length, and can therefore have as the smallest limiting part a TimePoint or an InstantaneousEvent. For the nuances of how a TimePoint or InstantaneousEvent can differ, see the 'COSMO Event NOTE' in the comment for ''InstantaneousEvent''. (starts ?TempThing1 ?TempThing2) means that ?TempThing1 and ?TempThing2 are both TemporalThings (TimeIntervals or Events) that have the same initial TimePoint and that ?TempThing1 ends before ?TempThing2. This is a generalization of the SUMO 'starts' relation. SUMO: (starts ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same initial TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL1 ends before ?INTERVAL2. Corresponds approximately to noun sense 1 of 'beginning' and to part of verb sense 4 of 'start' and part of verb sense 5 of 'begin' in WordNet, restricted to the temporal sense, not the spatial: in WordNet: 4. (18) begin, start - (have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense; 'The DMZ begins right over the hill'; 'The second movement begins after the Allegro'; 'Prices for these homes start at $250,000') WN verb 'begin': 5. begin - (be the first item or point, constitute the beginning or start, come first in a series; 'The number 'one' begins the sequence'; 'A terrible murder begins the novel'; 'The convocation ceremony officially begins the semester') WN noun 'beginning' 1. (18) beginning - (the event consisting of the start of something; 'the beginning of the war') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :TimeIntervalType :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasStartingEvent . :startsAt :ldoce "begin" ; :wnsense "begin2v", "begin6v" ; :wordnet "begin" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'startsAt' relates a DateTimeInterval to the DTEG that starts it. The whole interval of time represented by a DTEG is included, and the start of the referenced DTEG is the start of the DateTimeInterval. See 'endsAt'. NOTE that this is a relation between AbstractStrings, not actual time intervals. The strings can be parsed to recover the time intervals represented, but that is not directly represented here. Corresponds to verb sense 6 and the templral part of sense 2 of 'begin' in WordNet: 2. (58) begin, start - (have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense; 'The DMZ begins right over the hill'; 'The second movement begins after the Allegro'; 'Prices for these homes start at $250,000') 6. begin - (have a beginning, of a temporal event; 'WW II began in 1939 when Hitler marched into Poland'; 'The company's Asia tour begins next month\") """ ; rdfs:domain :DateTimeInterval ; rdfs:range :DateTimeExtendedGroup . :stative_DOLCE a :EventType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: DOLCE distinguishes Events that have temporal parts with similar character, i.e. the same sort of thing occurs throughout the tie interval of the Event. In OpenCyc, such 'homogeneous' events are represented using 'StuffType' metaclasses. A special subclass is the 'State' where nothing happens over some time interval. 'State' is an important concept in PSL and situation calculus. DOLCE: An occurrence-type is stative or eventive according to whether it holds of the mereological sum of two of its instances, i.e. if it is cumulative or not. A sitting occurrence is stative since the sum of two sittings is still a sitting occurrence."""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :Event . :steers a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''steers'' is a more specific subproperty of ''controls'' relating some form of ''SteeringDevice'' to the type of TransporationDevice that it steers (it is used in ''SteeringaVehicle''). NOTE that a ''SteeringDevice'' does not have to be the only ''SteeringDevice'' on a moving object, and may control only part of the motion, as the external moving parts of an Airplane. NOTE that the fins of a fish or the wings of a bird can 'steer' those animals when moving, but this relation is only for devices, and that kind of 'steering' can be represented by the parent property ''controls''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SteeringDevice :DeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TransportationDevice :DeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :controls ; owl:inverseOf :isTypicallySteeredBy . :stimulates :en "stimulates" ; :wnsense "stimulate21v", "stimulate3v", "stimulate4v", "stimulate5v", "stimulate6v", "stimulate7v" ; :wordnet "stimulate" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''stimulates'' is similar to ''causesIncreaseIn'' (but not a subproperty) specific for substances, and used primarily (but not only) for the physiological effects of substances taken into the body that cause an increase in *something*, which could be, ror example, a physiological process or state (e.g. heart rate) or a secretion of some thing, or the concentration of some substance in the body. NOTE that the 'domain' includes a ''SubstanceType'', but the implication is that it is the *ingestion* of the substance combined with its biochemical effects that cause the stimulation. This type (as of rev1577) is mostly specific for substances or ingestion of substances, but for other Events that stimulate 'Feeling''s, one can also use 'causes' on some specific subtype of ''StimulatingaFeeling'' (e.g. ''StimulatingSexualArousal''). Includes all verb senses of 'stimulate' in Wordnet: 1. (6) stimulate, excite - (act as a stimulant; 'The book stimulated her imagination'; 'This play stimulates') 2. (5) induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make - (cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; 'The ads induced me to buy a VCR'; 'My children finally got me to buy a computer'; 'My wife made me buy a new sofa') 3. (3) stimulate, shake, shake up, excite, stir - (stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of; 'These stories shook the community'; 'the civil war shook the country') 4. (3) stimulate, arouse, brace, energize, energise, perk up - (cause to be alert and energetic; 'Coffee and tea stimulate me'; 'This herbal infusion doesn't stimulate') 5. (2) induce, stimulate, rush, hasten - (cause to occur rapidly; 'the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions') 6. (1) stimulate, excite, stir - (stir feelings in; 'stimulate my appetite'; 'excite the audience'; 'stir emotions') 7. provoke, stimulate - (provide the needed stimulus for) """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SubstanceType :EventType :Event :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isstimulatedBySubstance . :subjectBecomes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'subjectBecomes' is a relation with no restriction on range, to allow one to specify, in any 'BecomingEvent' the new attribute the subject (actually, 'patient', which could be the grammatical 'object') acquires, or the different object that the subject turns into. This is very broad to allow some linkage to the new state. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:BecomingEvent :EventType ) ] . :subjectOfStateHas a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'subjectOfStateHas' relates an instance of 'HavingSomething'' (a ''PersistentState'') to something of any type that the subject of the state 'has' in some sense. This is very broad and mimics the vagueness of the linguistic use of 'has'. It is useful at this stage mostly to create a relation between things that are related in ways that require several steps of binary relations, but are nevertheless related in a salient manner. """ ; rdfs:domain :HavingSomething . :subjectsHaveDifference :wnsense "differ1v" ; :wordnet "differ" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'subjectsHaveDifference' relates an OrderedPair to some Difference (also an OrderedPair, of Attributes) that someone considers significant and worth representation. NOTE that to specify that two individuals are not identical to each other (the same invidividual), the OWL property: owl:differentFrom can be used. NOTE: This is not a way to represent a single number expressing the arithmetic difference between two commensturate quantities of an OrderedPair by subtracting one from the other - for that purpose, use 'haveNumericalDifference'. The OrderePairs compared by this relation can be of any kind. NOTE: this relation is particularly useful for use with the state of ''BeingDifferent'' allowing one to represent an assertion of 'difference' and specify the specific way that the items in the Group differ. See ''Difference'' for how a difference is specified. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'differ' in WordNet: 1. (28) differ - (be different; 'These two tests differ in only one respect') """ ; rdfs:domain :OrderedPair ; rdfs:range :Difference . :subsequently :ldoce "then" ; :wnsense "subsequently1adv", "then1adv" ; :wordnet "subsequently", "then" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'after that'; this word serves to indicate that some Event occurs at a time after a previously mentioned Event.. This can also be represented linguistically by the word 'then', but 'then' may imply that the next Event occurred soon after the first, in sequence. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'then' and sense 1 of 'subsequqently' in WordNet: WN adverb 'then' 1. (334) then, so, and so, and then - (subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors); 'then he left'; 'go left first, then right'; 'first came lightning, then thunder'; 'we watched the late movie and then went to bed'; 'and so home and to bed') WN adverb 'subsequently' 1. (4) subsequently, later, afterwards, afterward, after, later on - (happening at a time subsequent to a reference time; 'he apologized subsequently'; 'he's going to the store but he'll be back here later'; 'it didn't happen until afterward'; 'two hours after that') """ . :such :ldoce "such" ; :wnsense "such1adv" ; :wordnet "such" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'such' that means 'very' or 'very much' or 'to a great degree'. This has some conceptual overlap with adverb 'so', but the usage differs. The usages in the WordNet examples here for 'such a' and 'such' (adjective) probably need to be handled by a disambiguating function. This is a placeholder. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'such' in WordNet: 1. (28) such - (to so extreme a degree; 'he is such a baby'; 'Such rich people!') """ . :suddenly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Sudden ; :wnsense "abruptly1adv", "all of a sudden1adv", "all of a sudden2adv", "on the spur of the moment1adv", "suddenly1adv", "suddenly2adv", "suddenly3adv" ; :wordnet "abruptly", "all of a sudden", "on the spur of the moment", "suddenly" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''suddenly''is an adverb that signals that the Event being described occurred within a shorter interval than is normal or expected. Includes adverb senses 1, 2,and 3 of 'suddenly' in WordNet: 1. (65) suddenly, all of a sudden, of a sudden - (happening unexpectedly; 'suddenly she felt a sharp pain in her side') 2. (42) abruptly, suddenly, short, dead - (quickly and without warning; 'he stopped suddenly') 3. (2) on the spur of the moment, suddenly - (on impulse; without premeditation; 'he decided to go to Chicago on the spur of the moment'; 'he made up his mind suddenly') WN adverb 'all of a sudden': 1. (1) all of a sudden, all at once - (without warning; 'all at once, he started shouting') """ . :sufficiently :ldoce "enough" ; :wnsense "enough1adv", "sufficiently1adv" ; :wordnet "enough", "sufficiently" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb whose general sense is 'in a quantity sufficient for the purpose'. NOTE that 'enough' as an adverb is used after the adjective, and 'sufficiently' is used before the adjective. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'enough' and sense 1 of 'sufficiently' in WordNet: 1. (103) enough, plenty - (as much as necessary; 'Have I eaten enough?'; ('plenty' is nonstandard) 'I've had plenty, thanks') WN 'sufficiently': 1. (23) sufficiently - (to a sufficient degree; 'she was sufficiently fluent in Mandarin') """ . :supports :en "supports" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'isSupportedby'. There can be more than one object that fully supports another object, as the wheel of a car, or the leg of a quadruped, but the distinctive characteristic is that the thing supported must exert a vertical force on the supporting object (due to gravity), directly or indirectly by supporting something else that supp0rts the patient object, and would fall or tilt without the support of the supporting object. NOTE that the supporting function of artifacts is specified by use of the relation ''isDesignedToSupport''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :GravitationallyBoundObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :GravitationallyBoundObject ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isSupportedBy . :supportsFunctioningOf :en "supports functioning of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :Resource :Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Procedure :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] . :supportsPartly a owl:ObjectProperty . :supportsProposition :ldoce "argue", "support" ; :wnsense "argue3v", "support5n", "support5v", "support7v", "support8v" ; :wordnet "argue", "support" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'supportsProposition' relates a MentalObject or (e.g. a document, goal, fear) or a Communication or some Action, or ArguingInFavorOfSomething to some Proposition or Belief that is believed (by someone) to be supported by those ideas or arguments or actions. This can be used to link evidence for any hypothesis or theory to the hypothesis or theory it seems to support. Includes but is not restricted to noun sense 5 and verb snes 5, 7, and 8 of 'support' and verb sense 3 of 'argue' in WordNet: WN noun 'support': 5. (3) documentation, support - (documentary validation; 'his documentation of the results was excellent'; 'the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones') WN verb 'support: 5. (6) confirm, corroborate, sustain, substantiate, support, affirm - (establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; 'his story confirmed my doubts'; 'The evidence supports the defendant') 7. (2) corroborate, underpin, bear out, support - (support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm; 'The stories and claims were born out by the evidence') 8. (2) defend, support, fend for - (argue or speak in defense of; 'She supported the motion to strike') WN verb 'argue': 3. argue, indicate - (give evidence of; 'The evidence argues for your claim'; 'The results indicate the need for more work') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType :ArguingInFavorOfSomething :Communication :InformationObject :InformationBearingThing ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Proposition :ActionType :BeliefType :BeliefSystem :SystemType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :refersToExternalEntity . :supportsThingInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty . :surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''surfaceConsistsMostlyOfSubstance'' is specialized for Objects that have a surface of some distinct SubstanceType.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasConstituentSubstance . :surrounds :en "surrounds" ; :ldoce "surround" ; :wnsense "surround1v", "surround2v" ; :wordnet "surround" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A general spatial relation between two entities in which one entity is spread out and parts of it are located in multiple different directions relative to the thing surrounded. This can be 2 or three (or multiple) dimensional. A physical Container will surround the thing contained, but this relation can be for abstract entitites not just physical ones. The more common use of 'surround' would be the subproperty 'surrounds-2D'. NOTE that this can be used for *partial* surrounding - the full range of detailed ways that things can surround or be surrounded by others has not yet (rev1561) been elaborated. NOTE that 'surrounds' is a subproperty of 'isNearTo', because the thing that does the surrounding must be larger in diameter than the distance to the thing surrounded. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'surround' in WordNet: 1. (14) surround, environ, encircle, circle, round, ring - (be around; 'Developments surround the town'; 'The river encircles the village') 2. (6) surround, skirt, border - (extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle; 'The forest surrounds my property') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :GenericLocation :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :GenericLocation :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isNearTo ; owl:inverseOf :isSurroundedBy . :surrounds-2D :guid "beca1266-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "surround" ; :wnsense "surround1v", "surround2v" ; :wordnet "surround" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """This predicate describes situations in which one object surrounds another in (at least) two dimensions. More formally, if (#$surrounds-2D SURROUNDER SURROUNDED), then there is an abstract plane that cross-sections SURROUNDER and SURROUNDED. In this plane, the cross-section of SURROUNDER encircles the cross-section of SURROUNDED. Thus, any ray drawn from SURROUNDED in that plane #$spatiallyIntersects SURROUNDER. This is a generalization of #$surroundsHorizontally (q.v.), the special case in which the planar cross-section is defined by gravity. Another specialization is #$surrounds-3D, where SURROUNDER 'covers'; SURROUNDED as well (e.g. a baseball cap on someone's head). See also #$surroundsCompletely. NOTE: for the case where two Objects are on either side of a third Object, that situation is implied by 'isBetween' but wold need a new specific relation (not yet present in COSMO r1747) to sxpress such a a 'flanks' relation with the middle object as the subject of the relation. Includes sense 1 and 2 of 'surround' in WordNet: 1. (14) surround, environ, encircle, circle, round, ring - (be around; 'Developments surround the town'; 'The river encircles the village') 2. (6) surround, skirt, border - (extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle; 'The forest surrounds my property') """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :surrounds ; owl:inverseOf :isCompletelySurroundedBy-2D . :surrounds-3D :guid "bde3fdf6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "surround" ; :wnsense "surround1v", "surround2v" ; :wordnet "surround" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """NOTE that in COSMO this predicate is used to include relations on certain coverings such as the 'Shell' of an animal or seed, and the object 'surrounded' may include the Shell as a part. The interior of seeds and shelled animals is often not referred to separately, so this is a convenience which must inform any logical implications. Thus a 'NutShell' surrounds-3D a 'Nut-TheFruit'. This isalso used for Objects that *almost* completely surround outher objects, (mre than 50%), such as underpants that 'surround' the hip,or a ''Toga'' that surrounds most of a Person's body (a ''HumanBody''). NOTE that this is a bit ambiguous as to whether the object doing the surrounding is actuallly a part of the object surrounded; To be more specific that the surrounding object is 'part' of a whole object, use 'hasSurfacePart'. CYC: This predicate is used to assert that an object (or group of objects) that surrounds another object (or group of objects) in three-dimensional space. (#$surrounds-3D SURROUNDER SURROUNDED) means that #$SpatialThing SURROUNDED is within (see #$spatiallySubsumes) the space defined by the convex hull (see #$ConvexHullSpaceFn) of #$SpatialThing SURROUNDER. The space occupied by SURROUNDED is not a part of the space occupied by SURROUNDER. If this predicate is too strong, see also #$surrounds-Ringlike and #$surrounds-2D. If SURROUNDER is functioning as a container with respect to SURROUNDED, then #$in-ContGeneric is true as well as #$surrounds-3D. If any ray with an origin within SURROUNDED passes through (see #$spatiallyIntersects) SURROUNDER, then #$surroundsCompletely is the more precise predicate to use. If SURROUNDER is a #$Group of objects then #$in-Among is more precise. If SURROUNDER is a fluid (#$FluidTangibleThing) in the granularity of the current context, then #$in-ImmersedFully is almost always the more correct and precise relation (unless the fluid has a concavity, e.g. when a meteor has impacted a body of water and the meteor is partially submerged in the water yet within its convex hull in such a case #$in-ImmersedPartly would be the appropriate relation.) Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'surround' in WordNet: 1. (14) surround, environ, encircle, circle, round, ring - (be around; 'Developments surround the town'; 'The river encircles the village') 2. (6) surround, skirt, border - (extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle; 'The forest surrounds my property') """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :spatiallyContains, :surrounds-2D ; owl:inverseOf :isSurroundedBy . :surrounds-Ringlike :guid "bf0f8bfc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "surround" ; :wnsense "surround1v", "surround2v" ; :wordnet "surround" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """One object #$surrounds-Ringlike another if the second object extends through a #$Portal in the first object [which may be that #$Portal] in such a way that it passes through a Euclidian plane that does not intersect the portal, on each side of the portal. It is not true that an object #$surrounds-Ringlike normal #$internalParts. #$surrounds-Ringlike is not a partanomic relationship. Some exemplars: Each of Saturn's Rings #$surrounds-Ringlike Saturn. A wedding ring #$surrounds-Ringlike the finger it is worn on. The #$ForamenMagnum #$surrounds-Ringlike The #$SpinalCord. Some negative exemplars: A long tube does not #$surrounds-Ringlike a bead of water inside. A 5 centimeter O-ring bent into the shape of a U cannot #$surrounds-Ringlike a one centimeter ball. The skull does not #$surrounds-Ringlike the #$ForamenMagnum. The perimeter of a planar object does not #$surrounds-Ringlike that planar object (see #$surroundsHorizontally). These are negative exemplars because there can be no pair of planes on either side of the portal which do not intersect the arg1 of #$surrounds-Ringlike but which do intersect arg2. See also #$surroundsCompletely and #$surroundsHorizontally which do not have #$surrounds-Ringlike as #$genlPreds. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'surround' in WordNet: 1. (14) surround, environ, encircle, circle, round, ring - (be around; 'Developments surround the town'; 'The river encircles the village') 2. (6) surround, skirt, border - (extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle; 'The forest surrounds my property') """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :surrounds-2D . :surroundsCompletely :en "completely surrounds" ; :guid "bd589a41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "surround" ; :wnsense "surround1v", "surround2v" ; :wordnet "surround" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """An instance of #$RelativeLocationalPredicate. (#$surroundsCompletely OUTSIDE INSIDE) means that OUTSIDE completely surrounds INSIDE. To be more precise, all rays with origins at INSIDE pass through OUTSIDE by default (with some exceptions; for example, a ray with an origin at INSIDE might pass through a small hole in OUTSIDE). Note that (#$surroundsCompletely OUTSIDE INSIDE) implies that OUTSIDE and INSIDE are spatially disjoint (see the predicate #$spatiallyDisjoint). For example, #$surroundsCompletely would hold between a a candy bar wrapper and a candy bar, or between a body of water and a fish in that body of water. For a related Event see ''EnclosingSomething''. This relation is used in COSMO also to relate a ConvexHull to the object it surrunds, ans to the region containing that object. Includes senses 1 and 2 of 'surround' in WordNet: 1. (14) surround, environ, encircle, circle, round, ring - (be around; 'Developments surround the town'; 'The river encircles the village') 2. (6) surround, skirt, border - (extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle; 'The forest surrounds my property') """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :surrounds-3D, :surroundsHorizontally ; owl:inverseOf :isCompletelySurrounded3DBy . :surroundsHorizontally :guid "c0f2a0c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; :ldoce "surround" ; :wnsense "surround1v", "surround2v" ; :wordnet "surround" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """COSMO note: this is the most general 'surrounds' relation for most situations. THe CYC note suggests a somewhat more specific relation, but if needed more specific relations can be added as subrelations of this one. This is for *completely* surrounding something - for less complete surrounding, use ''surrounds''. (#$surroundsHorizontally OUTSIDE INSIDE) means that OUTSIDE surrounds a horizontal cross-section of INSIDE. That is, there is some horizontal cross-section of INSIDE such that all rays drawn horizontally from points in that cross-section pass through OUTSIDE, and along each of those rays there are points which are in OUTSIDE but not in INSIDE. Note that (#$surroundsHorizontally OUTSIDE INSIDE) is _not_ true if INSIDE shares a boundary with OUTSIDE; for example, Texas is not surrounded by the USA. Positive cases: water surrounds islands, and foothills may surround a mountain range. See also #$surroundsCompletely. Includes senses 1 and 2 and 5 of 'surround' in WordNet: 1. (14) surround, environ, encircle, circle, round, ring - (be around; 'Developments surround the town'; 'The river encircles the village') 2. (6) surround, skirt, border - (extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle; 'The forest surrounds my property') """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :surrounds-2D ; owl:inverseOf :isSurroundedHorizontallyBy . :swiftly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Swift ; :wnsense "swiftly1adv" ; :wordnet "swiftly" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''swiftly''is an adverb that indicates (for an event) that it was performed quickly. Usually used to describe Actions. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'swiftly' in WordNet: 1. (18) swiftly, fleetly - (in a swift manner; 'she moved swiftly') """ . :syn-en a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """'syn-en' points to a string in the English language that may represent the concept related by this relation, in some English text in some context. This relation can be used to point to an English word used to refer to a concept; it is particularly useful when there are no words from Longman or senses from the WordNet that label the specific concept sense intended. """ ; rdfs:label "English synonym"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :tableCorrespondsToEntities a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """tableCorrespondsToEntities points from A MultipleEntityTable to multiple Entities (each specified in a separate relation) in the ontology that the DatabaseTable is intended to represent. When more than one entity in an ontology is represented by a Table, there should be at least one field (column) which contains an indicator as to which Type in the ontology is being represented in a particular row (record) """ ; rdfs:domain :MultipleEntityTable . :tableCorrespondsToEntity a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """tableCorrespondsToEntity points from A DatabaseTable to some Entity in the ontology that the DatabaseTable is intended to represent. The Table may, for example, be intended to represent the employees of an organization, and the columns (fields) then will represent the different relevant attributes or relations that each employee has. NOTE that this relation is functional, and should be used when only one Type in an ontology is intended to be represented by a table. If more than one Type is represented in a Table, use 'tableCorrespondsToEntities'.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTable . :tableHasName a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points to a string that is the official name of the table in the database.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTable ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :tableHasUniqueKeyColumn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """tableHasUniqueKeyColumn a DatabaseTable to the DatabaseTableColumn that by itself serves as a unique record identifier. If no such column exists, the table should have the value 'nullCol' as value for that relation.""" ; rdfs:domain :DatabaseTable ; rdfs:range :DatabaseTableColumn ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasColumnName ; owl:inverseOf :isaUniqueKeyColumnForTable . :takesValue a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """takesValue relates an AttributeType to the AttributeValues that instantiate the AttributeType. For example, the AttributeType Length will be instantiated by an instance of the type 'LengthMeasure'; thus {Length takesValue LengthMeasure} But because QualitativeAttributeValues are types in COSMO, instances of AttributeValueType may also instantiate an AttributeType. This relation is in some respects reminiscent of the 'instance' relation, but is specific to the relationship between AttributeTypes and AttributeValues (qualitative and quantitative), used to implement the specific method of representing attributes that is adopted for COSMO..""" ; rdfs:domain :AttributeTypeType ; rdfs:range :AttributeValueType ; owl:inverseOf :isaValueOf . :taughtStudent a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :wasTaughtBy . :teaches :en "teaches" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'teaches' relates an Organization, OrganizationType, or Person or PersonType to some topic that they teach.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EducationalOrganization :Teacher :OrganizationType :PersonType :RoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range :TopicType ; owl:inverseOf :isTaughtBy . :ten :hasCardinalityNumber "10"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "10"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "ten" ; :wnsense "ten1adj" ; :wordnet "ten" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'ten' takes a type and returns a Group containing ten instances of that type. Though not in the list of words, 'ten' is used in Longman definitions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'ten' in WordNet: 1. (71) ten, 10, x - (being one more than nine) """ . :tenderly :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Tender ; :wnsense "sweetly1adv", "tenderly1adv" ; :wordnet "sweetly", "tenderly" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''tenderly''is an adverb that indicates that the action described was done in a manner indicating tenderness on the part of the doer. This adverb also is one of the meanings of ;sweetly' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'sweetly' in WordNet: 1. (1) sweetly, sweet - (in an affectionate or loving manner ('sweet' is sometimes a poetic or informal variant of 'sweetly'); 'Susan Hayward plays the wife sharply and sweetly'; 'how sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank'- Shakespeare; 'talking sweet to each other') WN adverb 'tenderly': 1. (2) tenderly - (with tenderness; in a tender manner; 'tenderly she placed her arms round him') """ . :terminatesState a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'terminatesState' is a relation that specifies that a particular Event or EventType always terminates some PersistentState. This means that the Event specified reverses at least part of the effect of an 'initiatesState' Event. This differs from 'isTheEndingSubEventOf' in that the subject is a distinct Event, not just specified as the final part of a larger Event. For example, 'Divorce' terminatesState 'Marriage'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :PersistentState ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :causes ; owl:inverseOf :isTerminatedBy . :than :ldoce "than" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :that :ldoce "that" ; a :Determiner, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'that' has several senses. In addition to being a determiner, it can also serve to reify an assertion: 'Jack told me that he got married'; or to reference a previous assertion. Disambiguating the uses can occasionally be complex, and that is one reason why, in linguistic uses, 'that' should be implemented by a procedural function.""" . :the :ldoce "the" ; a :Determiner, :GrammaticArticle, :LogicalFunction, :VerbalQuantifier, :Word . :their :ldoce "their" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive and a Determiner." . :theirs :ldoce "theirs" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive and a Determiner." . :them :ldoce "them" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'they' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to some group of things, in the objective case. """ . :themselves :ldoce "themselves" ; a :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun used in a reflexive sense, referring to plural objects (including people). Usually it refers to animate things, but can be used for inanimate things 'the original documents themselves were handwrittem'. """ . :then-adv :ldoce "then" ; :wnsense "then3adv" ; :wordnet "subsequently", "then" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb of time meaning 'at that time'. Corresponds to adverb sense 3 of 'then' in WordNet: 3. (87) then - (at that time; 'I was young then'; 'prices were lower back then'; 'science as it was then taught') """ . :there :ldoce "there" ; :wnsense "there1n" ; :wordnet "there" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Place ; rdfs:comment """A Place at some distance from where the speaker is currently located. This is a noun. The adverb meaning 'in that place' may be disambiguated from this sense by a lexical expert routine in NLU applications. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'there' in WordNet: 1. there - (a location other than here; that place; 'you can take it from there') """ . :thereafter :wnsense "thenceforth1adv", "thereafter1adv" ; :wordnet "thenceforth", "thereafter" ; a :LogicalFunction, :TimeAdverb ; rdfs:comment """''thereafter'' is an adverb that can introduce a phrase describing something that occurred after some reference event (past or future), usually not long after the time of reference. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'thereafter' in WordNet: 1. (8) thereafter, thenceforth - (from that time on; 'thereafter he never called again') """ . :thereby :en "and as a consequence", "causing" ; :wnsense "consequently1adv", "thereby1adv" ; :wordnet "consequently", "thereby" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """''thereby'' is an adverb connecting two phrases, with the meaning that the second asertion is a result of the first. **NOTE that there is some relation with relation ''causes'' and with adverb 'consequently' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'thereby' in WordNet: 1. (15) thereby - (by that means or because of that; 'He knocked over the red wine, thereby ruining the table cloth') WN adverb 'consequently': 2. (1) consequently, therefore - (as a consequence; 'he had good reason to be grateful for the opportunities which they had made available to him and which consequently led to the good position he now held') """ . :therms a :EnergyUnit, :HeatUnit . :these :ldoce "these" ; a :Determiner, :LogicalFunction . :they :ldoce "they" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """'they' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to some group of things. """ . :thirds :en "third", "thirds" ; :hasNumericalValue "3"^^xsd:float ; a :Denominator ; rdfs:comment """Used in fractions expressed in words, as in 'two thirds' or 'one third'. """ . :thirteen :hasCardinalityNumber "13"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "13"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "thirteen" ; :wnsense "thirteen1adj" ; :wordnet "thirteen" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'thirteen' takes a type and returns a Group containing thirteen instances of that type. Though not in the list of words, 'thirteen' is used in Longman definitions (e.g.of 'baker's dozen'). Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'thirteen' in WordNet: 1. (5) thirteen, 13, xiii -- (being one more than twelve) """ . :this :ldoce "this" ; a :Determiner, :LogicalFunction . :those :ldoce "those" ; a :Determiner, :LogicalFunction . :though a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :thousand :hasCardinalityNumber "1000"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "1000"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "thousand" ; :wnsense "thousand1n" ; :wordnet "thousand" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'thousand' takes a type and returns a Group containing one thousand instances of that type; if preceded by another number ('two thousand') the preceding number serves as a function to create a new number which is the product. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'thousand' in WordNet: 1. (24) thousand, one thousand, 1000, M, K, chiliad, G, grand, thou, yard - (the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100) """ . :three :hasCardinalityNumber "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "3"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "three" ; :wnsense "three1adj" ; :wordnet "three" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'three' takes a type and returns a Group containing three instances of that type. NOTe that the relation 'hasCardinalityNumber' is intended to apply to the Group that is the return value of this function. This need FOL to properly express it. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'three' in WordNet: 1. (222) three, 3, iii - (being one more than two) """ . :throughout :en "throughout" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'throughout' has the RHW preposition meaning: 1. in or to every part of; everywhere in: They searched throughout the house. 2. from the beginning to the end of: He was bored throughout the play. There is no separate prepositional sense of 'throughout' in WordNet. """ . :thus :ldoce "so", "thus" ; :wnsense "so3adv", "so6adv", "thus2adv" ; :wordnet "so", "thus" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'thus' that means 'that way' or 'in that manner' Includes adverb senses 3 and 6 of 'so' and sense 2 of 'thus' in WordNet: 3. (73) so - - (in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied; 'They're happy and I hope they will remain so'; 'so live your life that old age will bring no regrets') 6. (3) thus, thusly, so - - (in the way indicated; 'hold the brush so'; 'set up the pieces thus'; ('thusly' is a nonstandard variant)) """ . :thy :en "thy" ; :enadj "thy" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive and a Determiner." . :till :en "till" ; :ldoce "until" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'until X' that means 'up to the time when X happened'. Corresponds to conjunction sense 1 of 'until' in RHW: 1. up to the time that or when; till: He read until his guests arrived. """ . :to :en "unto" ; :ldoce "to" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """This is a placeholder for various undifferentiated senses of preposition 'to'; The sense of 'to' meaning 'toward' is represented by 'toward'. For 'to' meaning the ending place of some process or event, use relation 'hasEndingPlace'""" . :too :ldoce "too" ; :wnsense "excessively1adv", "overly1adv", "to a fault1adv", "too1adv" ; :wordnet "excessively", "overly", "to a fault", "too" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """An adverb modifying adjectives whose general sense is 'excessively' It is always used before an adjective. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'too' and sense 1 of 'excessively' in WordNet: 1. (180) excessively, overly, to a fault, too - - (to an excessive degree; 'too big') """ . :touchesDirectly :en "is in contact with", "is touching", "touches" ; :guid "04667172-1669-11d6-8000-0050dab92c2f" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """ ''touchesDirectly'' is a symmetric relation between two ''PhysicalObject''s or ''PhysicalObjectType''s that are separate objects but are directly in contact at some point, with some (possibly quite slight) pressure keeping them in contact. This 'touching' is not a physical 'connection' in that the objects can move away from each other if the force keeping them in contact is removed. The objects in this relation do *not* overlap. CYC property 'touchesDirectly-Apartanomic': An instance of #$RelativeLocationalPredicate. (#$touchesDirectly-Apartanomic REGION1 REGION2) means that the #$SpatialThing REGION1 and the #$SpatialThing REGION2 are directly touching (see the generalization #$touchesDirectly), but do not share any spatial parts (so that they are #$spatiallyDisjoint). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :overlapsOrTouches . :toward :en "in the direction of", "toward" ; :ldoce "to", "towards" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition . :trillion :hasCardinalityNumber "1000000000000"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "1000000000000"^^xsd:float ; :wnsense "one million million million1n", "trillion1n" ; :wordnet "one million million million", "trillion" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'trillion' takes a type and returns a Group containing one trillion instances of that type; if preceded by another number ('two trillion') the preceding number serves as a function to create a new number which is the product. NOTE that the WordNet gloss states that a 'trillion' has 18 zeros, but in the US a 'trillion' has 12 zeroes following the '1'. This is the US intended meaning. Corresponds to noun sense 2 of 'trillion' in WordNet: 2. trillion, one million million million - (the number that is represented as a one followed by 18 zeros; 'in England they call a quintillion a trillion') """ . :triweekly :en "triweekly" ; :enadj "triweekly" ; :hasQuantifier :N_3 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :Week ; :hasUnit :perWeek ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """A Frequency measure meaning three times per Week. NOTE: 'triweekly' is also used as an adverb meaning 'three times per Week', and as both adjective and adverb meaning 'every three weeks'. Those need to be added separately. RHW adj: 'triweekly': 4. occurring or appearing three times a week. """ . :tsk a :Sound . :twelve :hasCardinalityNumber "12"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "12"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "twelve" ; :wnsense "dozen1n", "twelve1adj" ; :wordnet "dozen", "twelve" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'twelve' takes a type and returns a Group containing twelve instances of that type. Though not in the list of words, 'twelve' is used in Longman definitions. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'twelve' in WordNet: 1. (20) twelve, 12, xii, dozen - (denoting a quantity consisting of 12 items or units) """ . :two :en "a couple of" ; :hasCardinalityNumber "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; :hasNumericalValue "2"^^xsd:float ; :ldoce "two" ; :wnsense "couple1n", "two1adj" ; :wordnet "couple", "two" ; a :NumericalFunction ; rdfs:comment """The function 'two' takes a type and returns a Group containing two instances of that type. NOTe that the relation 'hasCardinalityNumber' is intended to apply to the Group that is the return value of this function. This need FOL to properly express it. ?Odd - 'two' doesn't seem to be in LDOCE though other numbers 'one' through 'nine' are; 'two' is not on the Longman list at the end of the dictionary, but it is used in definitions; so it was added, assuming that its absence was a mistake in the listing. NOTE: the noun 'couple' when used in the phrase 'a couple of' has the same meaning as 'two' - though when used loosely it might refer to more than two. See 'several' NOTE: as a verbal quantifier, see ''ACouple'' for the use of 'couple in an indefinite sense. Here it s WN noun 'couple' part - for use as a definite number): in WordNet: WN noun 'couple': 1. (242) couple - (a small indefinite number; 'he's coming for a couple of days') WN Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'two' in WordNet: 1. (511) two, 2, ii - (being one more than one; 'he received two messages') """ . :typically :wnsense "typically1adv" ; :wordnet "typically" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'typically' is a relation that can be used to specify defaults in assertions. For example one may want to say that 'the typical adult person has two legs'. This can be represented as the KIF proposition (typically HumanAdult (hasExactlyTwo Leg)) where 'hasExactlyTwo Leg' is a 'PredicatePhrase', and the subject can be anything. A 'typical' individual of some type can also be generated by using the unary function 'TheTypical'. The KIF expression will then be different. Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'typically' in Wordnet: 1. (8) typically - (in a typical manner; 'Tom was typically hostile') """ ; rdfs:range :PredicatePhrase . :typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """typicallyConsistsMostlyOfSubstance relates physical objects or physical object types that *typically* have a relatively homogeneous spatial distribution of component substances to the substance(s) which form the dominant composition. If the component substance does not form a larger weight fraction than any other substance, the relation 'hasConstituentSubstance' should be used instead. Thus a drinking glass will be composed of glass, a lake of water, a structural I-beam of steel. In Cyc the 'substances' (or stuffs) were represented as objects made of a particular substance. In COSMO we distinguish the object from its composition, and this relation specifies, where it makes sense to do so, what the substance composition of particular objects is. For the case where the object *necessarily' consists mostly of a particular substance, use 'consistsMostlyOfSubstance'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasConstituentSubstance . :typicallyFinishes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """typicallyFinishes relates one EventType to another EventType when the first EventType usually is the ending part of the second EventType. For example, a 'Catching' (of prey) will usually be the final phase of a 'Pursuing'.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range :EventType . :typicallyFollows a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """ 'typicallyFollows' can be used to specify default Event (or type) that usually precede the subject Event. See also 'occurredEarlierThan'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTypicallyFollowedBy . :typicallyHasAttribute :en "typically is", "usually is" ; :ldoce "have" ; :wnsense "have1v" ; :wordnet "have" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """typicallyHasAttribute relates an Object or Substance to some Attribute which the Object typically has wh frequency greater than 0.5). If something has an attribute sometmes, but with frequency less than 0.5, the parent property ''mayHaveAttribute'' should be used. If the relation points to an instance of ''Attribute'' rather than of ''AttributeValueType'', the ''Attribute'' will explictly include an AttributeType and an AttributeValue. Thus a Length will have 'Length' as its AttributeType and some length measure as the value; if it is known that the typical attribute values for instances of some type typically fall into some range of quantitative values, that range can be used as the quantifier in the value. For QualitativeAttributeValues, if instances of some type typically some have one of several values, the Attributevalue pointed to by Attribute can be specified as the union of the QualitativeAttributeValues (which are themselves types). Corresponds to part of verb sense 1 of 'have' in WordNet ('has a reddish color'; 'has a length of 30 feet'): in WordNet: 1. (1202) have, have got, hold - (have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense; 'She has $1,000 in the bank'; 'He has got two beautiful daughters'; 'She holds a Master's degree from Harvard') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :Object :Group :ObjectType :GeometricFigure :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AttributeValueType :Attribute ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :mayHaveAttribute . :typicallyHasBodyPart :en "typically has body part", "typically has part", "usually has part" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'typicallyHasBodyPart' is a 'part' relation intended mostly for animals, but can be use as a probabilistic 'part' relation for other Organism types or PhysicalObjects. This uses 'typically' because most parts of animals may be lost without killing the animal. For non-organisms a different property could be created to restore the original specificity - not needed at version1617. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Animal :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnimalBodyPartType :PhysicalObjectType :AnimalBodyPart ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeaBodyPartOf . :typicallyHasComponentSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """'typicallyHasComponentSubstance' relates on Substance to one or more other substances that are typically part of the first substance. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] . :typicallyHasPhysicalPart a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """'typicallyHasPhysicalPart' relates types of physical objects to other types of physical objects that are usually found as (or designed to be) a part of the first object. This relation is a type-level relation and is not time-dependent - though the relation may be invalidated of the definition of a physical object type changes. It expresses a probability, and its transitive closure also expresses a similar probability. Its inverse is 'isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf' though the probabilities in the two directions are not necessarily the same.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTypicallyaPhysicalPartOf . :typicallyHasSubject a owl:ObjectProperty . :typicallyIsTheLocationOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A Type-level 'location' relation for Events, to specify that a certain type of Location often or usually is the site of a certain type of Event. """ . :typicallyManages a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'typicallyManages' relates a Manager to the things it may control; the 'control' does not have to be total: this means only that the agent can have some significant effect on the thing controlled. The thing managed can be one or more people, or a business, or even just the household affairs. Thus one of a married couple may be the agreed 'Manager' of the household finances. @@ToDo: Need a subprop for 'administers' """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Manager :AgentType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :DefaultRelation, :controls ; owl:inverseOf :isTypicallyManagedBy . :typicallyOccursAt a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A Type-level 'location' relation for Events, to specify that a certain type of Event *usually* occurs at a certain type of location, or during a certain type of Event. This is intended as a type-level relation to avoid the need for instantiating or Skolemizing the values, but the domain is both type and instance level so that a restriction using this relation can be inherited by subtypes. To specify the kind of Event during which a subject Event *always* occurs, use ''occursDuring''. For the instance-level location relation for Events, use 'occurredAt'. For object or region locations, see 'isLocatedAt'. The location specified is a GenericLocation: region of space (connected or disconnected) or an object (physical or abstract) . The value of this relation answers the question 'where does it usually happen?'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :ProcessType :Event :PhysicalProcess :RecurringTimeInterval ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LocationType :EventType :GenericLocation :Event ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :typicallyIsTheLocationOf . :typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType :ldoce "happen" ; :wnsense "happen1v" ; :wordnet "happen" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'typicallyOccursInTimeIntervalType' is used to specify that certain instances of Event usually occur within some type of TimeInterval (which includes TimePoint). e.g.a person usually gets out of bed in the morning, or a business usually opens its doors at its posted opening time. NOTE: to express the notion that some Event *always* occurs during some type of TimeInterval, the relation ''occursDuring'' can be used. That relation is used for several purposes, and to be more specific we might create a subproperty of this property specifically to express the necessary relation that would be a suproperty of this one. This is one relation expressing the notion of 'happen' that is sense 1 of verb 'happen' in WordNet: 1. (150) happen, hap, go on, pass off, occur, pass, fall out, come about, take place - (come to pass; 'What is happening?'; 'The meeting took place off without an incidence'; 'Nothing occurred that seemed important') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TimeInterval :TimeIntervalType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasTemporalLocation ; owl:inverseOf :commonlyHasEventType . :typicallyOccursInside a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A Type-level 'location' relation for Events, to specify that a certain type of Event usually occurs *inside* a certain type of object. An inverse related relation 'isaLocationForCharacteristicActivity' is not exactly a formal inverse. See also 'isTypicallyPerformedAt' or a similar relation, specific for Actions. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range :PhysicalObjectType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :typicallyOccursAt . :typicallyProduces a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'typicallyProduces' is a type-level relation that can be used to specify that most instances of an Event result in production of some type of Object or Substance - but is used at the type level so that there will be no need to specify an instance of the object produced, nor an automatic skolemization of such an instance. The 'prodution' neednot be a creation or manufacture it could be a 'finding' that results from a searching action. NOTE that the inverse is not a necessary but an approximate relation. An action that typically produces something may produce an Object that is *more* often produced by a different action. Related: produces produced typicallyProduces naturallyProduces isDesignedToProduce isDesignedToAchieveOrProduce NOTE: for 'production' of objects or substances from other objects, use 'isDerivedFrom' and it inverse 'canBeProcessedToProduce'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :RoleType :Group :GroupType :GenericSubstance :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :AttributeType :AttributeValueType :AttributeTypeType :QuantitativeAttributeType :QuantitativeAttributeValue :SubstanceShapeType :EnergyType :EmittableThingType :OccupationType :Event :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTypicallyProducedByEventType . :typicallyStarts a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """typicallyStarts relates one EventType to another EventType when the first EventType usually is the beginning part of the second EventType, or an attempt to initiate the second EventType. For example, a 'Calling' event will typically start an OralConversation. This is a relation on prototypical Events, so it is not necessary that a majority of instances of the first type result in some oinstance of the second type - attempts of type 'E1' may fail more often than not, and still satisfy the relation {?E1 typicallyStarts ?E2}.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range :EventType . :typicallyUsesDevice :en "uses" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''typicallyUsesDevice'' relates Agents or Roles or Devices to Devices that are typically used by the subject. This is particularly useful to describe a ''WeaponsPlatform'' and relate it to the type of weapon it may carry. This does not necessarily require that the thing used is specifically designed to the used by the object or agent pointed to. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :GenericAgent :Group :RoleType :AgentType :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :Device ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :DefaultRelation ; owl:inverseOf :isCommonlyUsedBy . :typicallyWorksAt a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'typicallyWorksAt' relates an individual 'PersonWithOccupation' or a type of person (HumanRoleType) to a location or type of location where that person typically works, at least for part of their working time.. A Personmay work or tpyically work at more than one location. For a primary or exclusive working location, a more specific subproperty might be needed. @ToDo1293: This can be more specific, to specify exactly where an individual works. As of Rev1293 that subproperty has not been created. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonWithOccupation :GroupOfPeople :HumanRoleType :GroupType :PersonType :OrganizationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :LocationType :Organization :OrganizationType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mayHaveWorker . :uh-huh :en "y", "yeah", "yep" ; :ldoce "yes" ; :wnsense "yes1n" ; :wordnet "yes" ; a :YesOrNo ; rdfs:comment """ #interjection\" """ . :underneath :en "underneath" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """''underneath'' is a preposition that introduces a a word or phrase designating a 'location' or an object that is referened as a location. No WordNet sense for this type. """ . :unfortunately :isTheAdverbialFormOf :Unfortunate ; :wnsense "alas1adv", "regrettably1adv", "sadly1adv", "sadly3adv", "unfortunately1adv" ; :wordnet "alas", "regrettably", "sadly", "unfortunately" ; a :Adverb ; rdfs:comment """''unfortunately'' and 'regrettably' are used by a speaker to express the opinion that the *situation* described is 'unfortunate' or 'regrettable'; this differs from ''sadly'' in that in ''unfortunately'' the situation described is ''Unfortunate'', while for ''sadly'' it is the speaker that is ''Sad''.: If a situation bad for an agent is not due to bad luck but can nevertheless be regretted, it is ''Regrettable'' and can be described using the adverb 'regrettably' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'unfortunately' and adverb senses 1, and 3 of 'sadly' in Wordnet: 1. (12) unfortunately, unluckily, regrettably, alas - (by bad luck; 'unfortunately it rained all day'; 'alas, I cannot stay') WN adverb 'sadly': 1. (7) sadly, unhappily - (in an unfortunate way; 'sadly he died before he could see his grandchild') 3. deplorably, lamentably, sadly, woefully - (in an unfortunate or deplorable manner; 'he was sadly neglected'; 'it was woefully inadequate') """ . :unless :en "unless" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :until :en "till" ; :ldoce "before", "until" ; :wnsense "before1adv" ; :wordnet "before" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction ; rdfs:comment """The sense of 'until X' that means 'before'; this corresponds to conjunction sense 2 of 'until' in RHW, when used in negative grammatical structures and conjunction sense 16 of 'before': RHW conjunction 'until' 2. before (usually used in negative constructions): They did not come until the meeting was half over. RHW conjunction 'before': 16. previous to the time when: Send the telegram before we go. The contraction 'till' is use here as a synonym (till the cows come home) Also Corresponds approximately to preposition sense 1 of 'before' in RHW: 1. previous to; earlier or sooner than: Phone me before noon. And includes adverb sense 1 of 'before' inWordNet: 1. (68) earlier, before - (earlier in time; previously; 'I had known her before'; 'as I said before'; 'he called me the day before but your call had come even earlier'; 'her parents had died four years earlier'; 'I mentioned that problem earlier') """ . :upon :en "atop", "on", "on top of", "up and on top of", "upon" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'upon' has several linguistic senses including being on top ofsomething or geing on top of something of introducing above something - or being about an occasion when something happens as a consequence of something else. This sense is for getting onto something like a horse; RHW: 1. up and on; upward so as to get or be on: He climbed upon his horse and rode off. """ . :us :ldoce "us" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun ; rdfs:comment """'we' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to some group of people including the speaker, in the objective case.. """ . :usGallons :wnsense "gal1n", "gallon1n" ; :wordnet "gal", "gallon" ; a :UnitOfMeasure . :usedBodyPart a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'usedBodyPart' relates an Action by an Animal to the BodyPart used in performing that Action. The Action may be involuntary and may not involve movement of limbs.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnimalBodyPartType :AnimalBodyPart ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasParticipant . :usedDevice a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """usedDevice points from an Event to some Device that was used in that Event. This can also be used to point to a type of device that was used in an Event or type of Event, rather than an instance of Device or Event.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :PhysicalObjectType ) ] . :usedSubstance :en "used", "uses" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """usedSubstance points from an Event to some PhysicalSubstance that was or is always used in that Event. The SubstanceType is usually consumed or modified in the Event, but not necessarily. A substance may just be modified in sate without chemical change, as in 'freezing' changing something from liquid to solid. NOTE: if the substance used is changed chemically so that it cannot be reused, then use the subrelation ''consumesSubstance'' even if not all of the substance used is consumed in that way. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType . :usedTransportationDevice a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """usedTransportationDevice points from a TransportationEvent to some TransportationDevice that was used in that Event. Some composite TransporationEvents may have multiple subevents that are TransporationEvents, and each TransportationEvent must use only one TransportationDevice, in this particular relation. In the case where, for example, a container ship carries many containers, and each container is a TransportationDevice, the transport via one container will be one TransportationEvent if referenced by this relation. The composite Event in which multiple containers are shipped on one vessel will also be an individual TransportationEvent, and the Event of transporting all of those containers can be specified by the use of this relation, pointing to the vessel on which they were transported. Thus, the placing of an object in a container starts one TransportationEvent, using that container. Placing that container in another container, or on a TransportationDevice, starts another TransportationEvent. Such container-in-container events can be nested indefinitely.""" ; rdfs:domain :TransportationEvent ; rdfs:range :TransportationDevice ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :usedDevice ; owl:inverseOf :wasaTransporterInEvent . :uses :en "uses" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'uses' relates an Action or Device or device type to some object or substance that the Action or Device uses in performing its intended function. The using relation will not be a typical 'instrument' relation, but will allow specifying what kinds of inputs are required by certain devices, such as a gasoline engine that uses gasoline. For the functional relation on Events, use 'usedDevice' \"makesUseOf\" NOTE that an Action that requires some resource is related to that resource by the 'requiresResource' relation. The 'uses' relation is for Devices that use other things in its operation. (perhaps a better name is needed?) This can be used to relate instances of the types, or as a relation between types that indicates a necessary relation among instances.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :AgentType :Action :ActionType :Device :ObjectType :Game :GameType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :ResourceType :Group :Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Role :RoleType :Action :ActionType :UsefulThing :EnergySource :EventType :MeasurableQuantityType :MeasurableQuantity ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :makesUseOf ; owl:inverseOf :isUsedBy . :usesDeviceType :en "needs device", "requires device", "uses device" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''usesDeviceType'' relates Actions that amost always require a certain type of device to perform. However,people being ingenious and inventive,this does not say 'requires' a device because some way may be found to perform some actions without a device currently defined - something home-made? This relation is also used for Devices used in Theaters - the implicit meaning being that the actions occurring in a TheaterBuilding may use a certain type of Device. This 'domain' probably will need to be expanded to include other types of specialized buildings. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action :TheaterBuilding ) ] ; rdfs:range :DeviceType . :usesEnergySource a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A subproperty of 'uses' relating a Device or device type to an EnergySource that the Device use in performing its intended function. The EnergySource can be a substance that is consumed, such as gasoline, or a natural energy source, such as Wind or Sunlight, electricity from a battery or wall outlet, or a type of animal, and possibly other things. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :EnergySource :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceShapeType :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :uses . :usesEnergyType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A subproperty of 'uses' relating a Device or device type to a the EnergyType that the Device uses in performing its intended function. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :EnergyType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :uses . :usesInstrument a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Device :DeviceType :UsefulThing ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :mayUseInstrument ; owl:inverseOf :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction . :usesResource a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Inverse of ''isUsedAsResourceInAction''. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Procedure :Specification :SpecificationType :Goal :GoalSituation :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory :Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Resource :ResourceType :Group :Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Role :RoleType :Action :ActionType :UsefulThing ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isUsedAsResourceInAction . :usesSenseOrOrgan a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'usesSenseOrOrgan' relates a Perceiving or other BodilyFunctionEvent to the AnimalBodyPartType or perceptual sense that is used in such a Perceiving. This adds meaning to the Action.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Perceiving :BodilyFunctionEvent :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnimalBodyPartType :DeviceType :SensoryCapabilityType ) ] . :usesSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''usesSubstance'' points from a ''Device'' or ''DeviceType'' to some ''SubstanceType'' that helps its functioning or is essential to its functioning. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Device :DeviceType ) ] ; rdfs:range :SubstanceType ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :uses . :usually :en "typically" ; :isTheOppositeOf :rarely ; :wnsense "commonly1adv", "normally1adv", "ordinarily1adv", "usually1adj" ; :wordnet "commonly", "normally", "ordinarily", "usually" ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'usually' is an adverb whose general sense is 'commonly, most frequently observed'. In modifying an Event or state it specifies that the Event modified has a quality or specific type of participant or result observed more commonly than other possible qualities or resuts (not just commonly). See also 'generally' - distinction??? See also ''Mostly' WN adverb 'typically' seems to mean 'as usual', which is not quite the same: 1. (8) typically - (in a typical manner; 'Tom was typically hostile) But 'typically' is used in this sense when it starts a sentence or phrase. 'typically he wore a long-sleeved shirt' Corresponds to adverb sense 1 of 'usually' in WordNet: 1. (102) normally, usually, unremarkably, commonly, ordinarily - (under normal conditions; 'usually she was late') """ . :versus :en "v.", "versus", "vs", "vs." ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """'versus'' is a specialized form of 'against' (its meaning in English), use to specify the two parties in a compettion, either in a sport game or in a legal action. Often abbreviated ''vs.' or 'v' as in 'Roe v.Wade'. in competition with: a racehorse running against his own record time. Closest RHW preposition 'versus': 1. against (used esp. to indicate an action brought by one party against another in a court of law, or to denote competing teams or players in a sports contest): Smith versus Jones; Army versus Navy. """ . :via :en "by way of", "through", "via" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The word 'via' is a Latinate word meaning 'by way of', is followed followed by a location or pathway.. RHW prep. 'via': by a route that touches or passes through; by way of: to fly to Japan via the North Pole. No entry in WN. """ . :violatesRule a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'violatesRule' relates an Event or EventType to some Rule or Theory or PropositionType that is violated by that Event; *or* when used as a property of an instance of ''AttributeValueType'' (i.e. an ''AttributeValue'') it indicates that the entity that has that AttributeValue also violates some ''Rule''. . This can be used to describe actions violating human laws (crimes or petty violations), or MagicActions violating the laws of physics, or Events that violate the expectations of (and thereby disprove) some theory. See also attribute 'AgainstSomeRule' (e.g. illegal). """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :AttributeValueType :Event ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Rule :Theory :Obligation :PropositionType :SpecificationType :ObligationType ) ] . :volts :en "volts" ; a :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """THe unit of measure whose base unit is one ''Volt''. The base units corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'volt' in WordNet: 1. volt, V - (a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt; equivalent to the potential difference across a resistance of 1 ohm when 1 ampere of current flows through it) """ . :wants :en "desires", "wants" ; :ldoce "desire", "want" ; :wnsense "desire1v", "want1v", "want3v" ; :wordnet "desire", "want" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """desires relates an IntelligentAgent to some PhysicalObject or PhysicalObjectType or ValuableThing that the agent wants to own or possess. The thing wanted can be an individual or a Type. In the case of someone who wants to own RealEstate, note that in COSMO RealEstate is represented as a PhysicalObject, so this relation will apply for that case. NOTE: see relation 'desires' for the more general 'desire' for some future situation, rather than an object. In order for this to make intuitive sense, there should be an implication that, if someone wants something and that someone can acquire that something, then that someone will act to acquire it - unless there are some blocking conditions, such as if acquiring that something will prevent the someone from achieving another higher priority goal. SUMO: (wants ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is desired by ?AGENT, i.e. ?AGENT believes that ?OBJECT will satisfy one of its goals. Note that there is no implication that what is wanted by an agent is not already possessed by the agent. Includes verb senses 1 and 3 of 'want' in WordNet: 1. (1242) desire, want - (feel or have a desire for; want strongly; 'I want to go home now'; 'I want my own room') 3. (12) want - (wish or demand the presence of; 'I want you here at noon!') """ ; rdfs:domain :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThing :ValuableThingType :PhysicalObject :ObjectType :SubstanceType :Goal :GoalType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :desires . :was :en "was", "were" ; :hasInfinitiveForm :be ; :ldoce "be" ; :wnsense "be4v" ; :wordnet "be" ; a :AuxVerb, :Verb3s, :VerbPast . :wasAcquiredInEvent :ldoce "because" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''wasAcquiredInEvent'' relates an Object (abstract or physical) to the PhysicalEvent in which it was 'acquired' (see elaboration); an AbstractObject that can be acquired can be for example a Right or Knowledge. A typical Event that uses this is ''Buying'' and it subtypes. **elaboration** NOTE: to be 'acquired' can apply to any kind of Object doing the 'acquiring' - this relation is used not only for people gaining possession,but for any kind of Object ''Getting'' some other Object or substance in some way - a cavity getting material that fills it; an object getting ''Grime'' (dirt,soil) on it. These can be differentiated if needed for specialized areas. NOTE that more than one Object can be acquired in an Event, and more than one Event can resut in acquisition of a particular Object. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTheResultOf ; owl:inverseOf :resultsInAcquisitionOf . :wasAddedInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hadAddedObject . :wasAffectedByEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hadThingAffected . :wasAliveDuring a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A relationship that allows one to specify the known time(s) during which an individual organisn (usually an animal) was (is) alive. There can be more than one such time specified, and it must be deducible that an Organism was also alive in the intervals between the known times that it was alive. The full lifetime need not be specified, even if known.""" ; rdfs:domain :Organism ; rdfs:range :TimeInterval . :wasAssignedByAuthority a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasAssignedByAuthority is a general relation relating any a number of type of things to the Authority that assigned those things, commonly rules. Note that the object of this relation is 'IntelligentAgent', not the more specialized 'Authority'. This is because the assignment of some rule or specification may be done by an agent who adopts the 'Authority' role for a particular situation, rather than doing that as one of a routine series of actions in some recognized and formal 'Authority' role.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CodeString :Code :CodeSpecification :Rule :Mission :HonorAward ) ] ; rdfs:range :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasCreatedBy . :wasAssistedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'allowsOrAssists' - relates some Object or Resource (abstract or physical) to an Event that was enabled or facilitated by the thing.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :PhysicalProcess :ProcessType :Goal :GoalType :NeedMicrotheory ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Feature :Event :EventType :Resource :ObjectType :Object :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :DeviceType :PhysicalObjectType :Device :UsefulThing ) ] . :wasAuthoredBy :en "was written by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasAuthoredBy relates a textual object (concrete or abstract) or a ConceptualWork to the IntelligentAgent who is credited with creating it. The Agent can be a person, organization, group of people or a machine (see 'AuthorOfRecord'). Anyone who is the author of anything (not just published literary works) needs to be of type 'Author' for this relation to be used. This can be used for short quotations as well as complete works; see 'Quotation'. This special relation, together with the companion Type of 'AuthorOfRecord' (a subtype of 'IntelligentAgent') serves the purpose of preserving the option to list known people (instances of 'Person') or unknown individuals ('Anonymous'), pen names ('MarkTwain'), or pseudonyms whose real identity is unknown. The unknowns and pen names can be instances of 'AuthorOfRecord'. When identities of unknown authors are discovered, they can be equated with the previous AuthorOfRecord, or that instance can be replaced in the knowledge base, if it is unimportant to have a record of the author being initially unknown.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TextualMaterial :AbstractText :Proposition :ConceptualWork :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range :Author ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasCreatedBy ; owl:inverseOf :isTheAuthorOf . :wasBiologicallyDerivedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasBiologicallyDerivedFrom is the instance-level relation that is similar to the OBO_REL 'derives_from', used to specify developmental derivation of ogranic structures in a body from each other. However, this COSMO relation is strictly at the instance level - this the past tense. To specify typical biological derivation between types, the related type-level relation 'isBiologicallyDerivedFrom' can be used. NOTE that, although this may appear at first to be a specialized relation not needed in a foundation ontology, there are well-known 'derives from' instances that even kindergarten children are aware of, for example that a butterfly is derived from a caterpillar. A child might phrase this as 'a butterfly comes from a caterpillar', and this will have the same meaning 9at the Type level) as this relation. OBO_REL: derives_from: (See http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/) OBO Definition: Derivation on the instance level (*derives_from*) holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. We say that one class C derives_from class C' if instances of C are connected to instances of C' via some chain of instance-level derivation relations. Example: osteocyte derives_from osteoblast. Formally: C derives_immediately_from C' if and only if: given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then there is some c' and some t', such that c' instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier-than t and c *derives_from* c'. C derives_from C' if and only if: there is an chain of immediate derivation relations connecting C to C'. OBO-Comments: Derivation as a relation between instances. The temporal relation of derivation is more complex. Transformation, on the instance level, is just the relation of identity: each adult is identical to some child existing at some earlier time. Derivation on the instance-level is a relation holding between non-identicals. More precisely, it holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. Thus we will have axioms to the effect that from c derives_from c1 we can infer that c and c1 are not identical and that there is some instant of time t such that c1 exists only prior to and c only subsequent to t. We will also be able to infer that the spatial region occupied by c as it begins to exist at t overlaps with the spatial region occupied by c1 as it ceases to exist in the same instant.""" ; rdfs:domain :BiologicalLivingObject ; rdfs:range :BiologicalLivingObject . :wasCausedBy :ldoce "effect", "owing to" ; :wnsense "effect1n" ; :wordnet "effect" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasCausedBy' is the inverse of 'caused'. The subject Event must precede the resulting caused Event. NOTE: this differs from the relation ''isCausedBy'' in that the Event that ''isCausedBy'' another Event may at least in part co-occur with the causative event, as when one PersistentState can give rise to another PersistentState (e.g. overpopulation may co-exist with some overcrowding that is caused by it). An event that is ''caused'' by some other Event must start (possibly with an interventing time interval of zero duration) after the causative event is finished. This corresponds to part of the meaning of linguistic phrases 'due to' or 'owing to' or 'is the effect of'. The word 'effect' is mapped to this concept, but it is understood that that label will only apply when the word is used in some phrase """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :FunctionalProcess :Difference :DifferenceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :alwaysFollows ; owl:inverseOf :caused . :wasCoveredInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasCoveredInAction' is the inverse of 'hadObjectCovered'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CoveringSomething :ActionType ) ] . :wasCreatedAtTheRequestOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasCreatedAtTheRequestOf relates an ArtifactObject to the IntelligentAgent (usually a Person) who ordered it to be created. This should be used for objects of special interest whose creators will also be of interest. This differs from 'wasCreatedBy' in that most of the work of creation must be done by someone other than the agent (person, organization, group) who ordered it to be created. It is therefore mostly used for large objects like buildings and special-order objects of any kind.""" ; rdfs:domain :ArtifactObject ; rdfs:range :IntelligentAgent . :wasCreatedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasCreatedBy relates an Artifact (concrete or abstract) to the Agent or Agents (or failities) that created it. Knowing the identity of one creator (e.g. of an artifact) does not guarantee that one knows the identity of all creators. @ToDo: NOTE: as of v0.52, ArtificialSubstance is included in the domain as a subtype of 'Artifact-generic', but this should be restricted to objects, since it is quantities of ArtificialSubstance that are actually created by agents, not the abstract substance. Change the range to some subtype of 'Artifact-generic'?? NOTE that the range includes an AbstractString, which is semantically nonsense, but is included as a pragmatic tactic to allow subrelations of this relation to be used in mapping database records to their creators. The creators will sometimes be represented in the database only as a string, and in such cases an implementing system, at its option, can avoid creating a new Person object (instead creating an AbstractString object), when the system cannot identify the 'creator' of the record. This tactic may change as the ontology is further developed, and experience with mapping databases increases. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Artifact-Generic :TextualMaterial :Quality :QualityType :AbstractText :Proposition :ConceptualWork :Object :AbstractString :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :Creator :GenericAgent :CommercialFacility ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheCreatorOf . :wasCreatedByEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasCreatedByEvent relates an instance of PhysicalObject or Substance to the specific Event as a result of which it was created. NOTE that this is a subproperty of 'wasCreatedDuring' - if an object was created as a result of an Event, it was created during the time interval in which the Event took place. NOTE that this is has a narrower domain range than 'wasCreatedInEvent', but otherwise is very similar. @ToDO: possibly superfluous? Needs review. It may be possible to use this OWL relation inappropriately by error (if the Event is represented as one time interval, and the actual time of creation was sometime later). A rule to test for such discrepancies should be included in the CL version of COSMO. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericSubstance :AttributeValueType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType :Object :ObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTheProductOf, :wasCreatedDuring ; owl:inverseOf :causedCreationOf . :wasCreatedBySoleAgent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasCreatedBySoleAgent relates an Artifact (concrete or abstract) to the individual Agent who created it. The Agent may be a Group, but there will be only one value for this relation, and to fill that value means that one knows the identity of all of the agents who participated enough in the creation to be called creators. This is not necessarily the same as an author of record for a textual work, where ghost writers may get no credit. This is the real creator.""" ; rdfs:domain :Artifact-Generic ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AbstractString ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasCreatedBy . :wasCreatedDuring a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasCreatedDuring relates a PhysicalObject or an Artifact to the time interval (or Event) during which it was created. This is the companion to 'wasDestroyedDuring', specifying the ending time (if the entity is no longer in existence). For cases where the creation or destruction times are vague, broad time intervals can be used. NOTE that this can be used to represent the fact that something was created within the time interval in which some Event occurred, even if one does not know the actual time interval in which the Event happened. If in fact the Object was created as a result of an Event, the subproperty 'wasCreatedByEvent' should be used.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :MentalObject :GenericSubstance :AttributeValueType :Artifact-Generic ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :EventType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :isTheCreationTimeOf . :wasCreatedInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hadObjectCreated . :wasDamagedInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty . :wasDestroyedDuring a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasDestroyedDuring relates a PhysicalObject or Artifact to the time interval (or Event) during which it was Destroyed. This specifies the ending time (if the entity is no longer in existence). The contrastive relation is 'wasCreatedDuring'. For cases where the creation or destruction times are vague, broad time intervals can be used.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :Artifact-Generic ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TemporalThing :EventType ) ] . :wasEmittedByEvent a owl:ObjectProperty . :wasEmittedByObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'emittedTheWave'. The main purpose of this relation is to allow one to trace back a 'Scene' (a light propagation event) to the Object(s) that emitted the light - i.e. what the Scene was a Scene of. This is useful because a 'Scene' is the light coming from objects, not the objects themselves, and they two should be related. The emitting Object could be a Group of objects.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EventType :WavePropagationEvent ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObjectType :PhysicalObject :GroupType :ObjectGroup ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasStartingPlace . :wasEvidencedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :showsEvidenceOf . :wasExperiencedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasExperiencedBy' points from a MentalEvent or AilmentCondition to the 'IntentionalAgent' that performed (experienced) that Event. It is in the past tense, as Events in COSMO are considered as bounded in time, and must be in the past after the end point.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Feeling :BiologicalEvent :PhysiologicalCondition :AilmentType :MentalEvent :FeelingType ) ] ; rdfs:range :IntentionalAgent ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasSubjectOfState, :wasPerformedByAgent ; owl:inverseOf :experienced . :wasExposedInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :Group :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ExposingToView ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hadObjectExposed . :wasFacilitatedByInstrument :ldoce "facilitate", "help", "use" ; :wnsense "facilitate2v", "help2v", "use1v" ; :wordnet "facilitate", "help", "use" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasFacilitatedByInstrument' relates an instrument used in an Event to the Event in which is was used; but NOTE that 'facilitated' and 'used' do not mean that the thing used was a 'Device': every acts of 'Detection' is facilitated by some type of 'Sensor', which can be biological (see 'Sensor' entry). This is the inverse of 'wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent'. There may be more than one instrument used in an Event. To say that an Event was 'facilitated' does not require that the Event would not have been possible without the instrument; to make such an assertion of necessity, use the subproperty 'requiredInstrument'. NOTE that the 'instrument' need not be an artifact - in the act of 'Kissing' the instrument is the lips of the person doing the kissing. Each assertion with this relation forms part of the frame of a 'UsingSomething' Event. In SUMO a similar relation is called 'instrument' SUMO: (instrument ?EVENT ?TOOL) means that ?TOOL is used by an agent in bringing about ?EVENT and that ?TOOL is not changed by ?EVENT. For example, the key is an instrument in the following proposition: The key opened the door. Note that instrument and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair. In Cyc a similar relation is called 'deviceUsed' Cyc: The predicate #$deviceUsed relates an event to a device used in that event. (#$deviceUsed EVENT OBJECT) means that the #$PhysicalDevice OBJECT plays an instrumental role in the #$Event EVENT (see the more generalized predicate #$instrument-Generic), OBJECT is intentionally used in EVENT, and standardly (for example, in the #$HumanActivitiesMt) OBJECT's role in EVENT is consistent with the object's #$primaryFunction. WordNet: see the inverse for Wordnet comments """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :Device :UsefulThing :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :canBeFacilitatedBy ; owl:inverseOf :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent . :wasFoundInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of ''hadObjectFound'' - relates a ''FoundObject'' to some a''Finding-Generic'' Action by which the ''FoundThing'' was found. """ ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaParticipantIn ; owl:inverseOf :hadObjectFound . :wasGatheredForPurpose a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''wasGatheredForPurpose'' relates an ObjectGroup that was gathered by a ''IntentionalAgent'' to the Purpose for which it was gathered, which could be as general as some Event or Action type. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ObjectGroup :GroupType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Purpose :EventType ) ] . :wasHandledInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "inverse of 'hadObjectHandled'." ; owl:inverseOf :hadObjectHandled . :wasHarmedInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasAffectedByEvent ; owl:inverseOf :hadAgentHarmed . :wasHiredByAgreement a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hadAgentHired . :wasIssuedBy a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasIssuedBy' is points from a 'CertificateDocument' to the Organization that issued it (or OrganizationType that typically issues it). """ ; rdfs:domain :CertificateDocument, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CertificateDocument :Certificate ) ] ; rdfs:range :Organization, [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Organization :OrganizationType ) ] . :wasKeptInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hasThingKept . :wasKilledInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasAffectedByEvent, :wasHarmedInEvent ; owl:inverseOf :hadOrganismKilled . :wasLostInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty . :wasLuckyFor :ldoce "fortunate" ; :wnsense "fortunate1adj", "lucky1adj" ; :wordnet "fortunate", "lucky" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasLuckyFor' relates an Event to some 'IntentionalAgent' for whom the Event was considered Lucky by the person chracterizing it as a 'lucky event'. This relation is used to represent assertions about an agent (Person, Animal, Organization) being 'lucky' because of some Event. See also 'Fortunate', the attribute of an agent that has benefitted from a lucky Event (i.e. one that might not have happened or might have had a detrimental outcome). @ToDo: It may be appropriate to create a rule asserting that every time there is an Event that wasLuckyFor an agent, that agent was 'Fortunate' as a result. Such a rule will need to be in an FOL version. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'fortunate' and sense 1 of 'lucky' in Wordnet, but applies only to Events, not to agents: in WordNet: 1. (7) fortunate - (having unexpected good fortune; 'other, less fortunate, children died'; 'a fortunate choice') 1. (11) lucky - (blessed with good fortune; 'considered himself lucky that the tornado missed his house'; 'a lucky guess') """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range :IntentionalAgent . :wasManufacturedBy :en "was made by", "was manufactured by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasManufacturedBy relates a specific instance of ArtifactObject to the Business that manufactured it. This relation is specific for manufacturing by Business (which will often be CommercialOrganizations). This relation applies even if something was in fact manufactured by a contractor on behalf of a business, *if* the total output of the contractor is supplied to that business. In that case, the relation will apply to both the parent organization and to its contractor; therefore this relation is not functional. The relation on types 'isManufacturedBy' can be used to relate a particular type of artifact (such as a brand of automobile) to its creator, but that relation is not inheritable in OWL. This relation can be used as a restriction (onProperty/hasValue) to specify that all subtypes of a particular type are also created by the same manufacturer.""" ; rdfs:domain :ArtifactObject ; rdfs:range :Business ; owl:inverseOf :manufactured . :wasMeasuredBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """isMeasuredBy relates an instance or type of a measure to the instrument used to make the measurement. For the special case of Time, if not specified otherwise, the 'instrument' used is assumed to be the NIST atomic clock system - or something synchronized with that system. For relativistic situations, the actual clock used should be specified. """ ; owl:inverseOf :isUsedToMeasure . :wasMissingFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The inverse of ''hadMissingThing''." ; owl:inverseOf :hadMissingThing . :wasMotivatedBy :en "was motivated by" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :alwaysFollows ; owl:inverseOf :convincedAgentToAction . :wasObtainedInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasTransferredInEvent . :wasOccupiedWith :en "is occupied with" ; :guid "c0f428f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Unlike the relation ''performsAction'' this relation specifies that an Agent is *currently* (need to specify the time interval! somehow>) with some activity. This is in past tense, expecting that it will be used to refer to past actions rather than something ongoing (which will become obsolete within some time interval) CYC ('occupiedWith'): This predicate relates an agent to a thing that s/he/it is currently occupied with, in the sense of closely attending to or thinking about the thing in a focused way. (#$occupiedWith AGENT THING) means that AGENT is occupied with THING. For a predicate that relates agents to events that they are occupied with participating in, see #$occupiedActors.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :GenericAgent ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Action :FeelingType ) ] . :wasOfType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasOfType' relates a 'NonFunctionalObject' to the type that it was originally, before becoming non-functional. For example, the FuneraryAshes of a Person were of type 'Person' at one time.""" ; rdfs:domain :NonFunctionalObject . :wasOpposedBy :ldoce "oppose" ; :wnsense "oppose2v" ; :wordnet "oppose" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasOpposedBy' relates one Agent to another who is opposing him in some context. This is usually symmetrical, though not always. This relation is for symmetrical opposition. Corresponds approximately to part of verb sense 2 of 'oppose' in WordNet (opposing other agents): in WordNet: 2. (10) fight, oppose, fight back, fight down, defend - (fight against or resist strongly; 'The senator said he would oppose the bill'; 'Don't fight it') """ ; rdfs:domain :GenericAgent ; rdfs:range :GenericAgent . :wasOriginallyCreatedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasOriginallyCreatedBy relates an instance of Fiction-DerivedWorks to the individual or Groujp who created it. The author pointed to is the author of the original work from which all derivatives come, regardless of the form or time delay between the original work and its derivatives..""" ; rdfs:domain :Fiction-DerivedWorks ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AbstractString ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasCreatedBySoleAgent . :wasPaidInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "'wasPaidInEvent' is the inverse of 'hadObjectPaid'." ; rdfs:domain :ValuableThing ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Buying :Selling ) ] . :wasPerformedAsanAlternativeTo :ldoce "instead" ; :wnsense "instead1adv", "instead2adv" ; :wordnet "instead" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasPerformedAsanAlternativeTo' relates an instance of Action another instance of Action; the first was actually performed, although the second might have been performed (but wasn't) to achieve a similar purpose. This relation expresses the concept represented by the adverb 'instead' or the preposition 'instead of'. Where one Obejct is substituted for another in an Action, the relation 'wasaSubstituteFor' applies, rather than this relation. Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 1 and 2 of 'instead' in WordNet. But NOTE that some of the examples of usage in WordNet suggest the meaning of replacing one Object with another, which is represented in COSMO by the relation 'wasaSubstituteFor' WN adverb 'instead': in WordNet: 1. (36) alternatively, as an alternative, instead, or else - (in place of, or as an alternative to; 'Felix became a herpetologist instead'; 'alternatively we could buy a used car') 2. (23) rather, instead - (on the contrary; 'rather than disappoint the children, he did two quick tricks before he left'; 'he didn't call; rather (or instead), he wrote her a letter'; 'used English terms instead of Latin ones') """ ; rdfs:domain :Action ; rdfs:range :Action ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isAnAlternativeTo . :wasPerformedByAgent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasPerformedByAgent points from an Action to the *individual* (not type of) Agent(s) that performed that Action. For this relation the 'Agent' can be an inanimate Object, merely treated as the agent of an action because of its position as the subject of a sentence or assertion - only indicating that the Object 'did' something. To allow specifying a type of agent, use ''isPerformedBy''. The difference between this relation and ''isPerformedBy'' is that this relation can be used to specify the individual agent that performs some *specific action*, whereas ''isPerformedBy'' and its inverse ''performsAction'' relate an Action or ActionType and to the Type or the Role that characteristically performs that Action. However, both 'isPerformedBy' (inverse: ''performsAction'') and ''wasPerformedByAgent'' (inverse: ''wasTheAgentInAction'') have both types and metatypes in their domains and ranges, and the usages are not in practice well segregated. This might be made more systematic, but that is complicated by different parent ObjectProperies. It is in the past tense, as Events in COSMO are considered as bounded in time, and must be in the past after the end point. There may be more than one Agent related by this relation, and the relation may point to a Group of agents. NOTE that a party to a conflict, such as a company struck by a LaborUnion, may be a passive or unwilling participant in the Action. @ToDo: As of rev885, it is not necessary that all parties to a conflict be included in the value of this relation. This 'perform' relation includes the 'experiencer' case role for mental events. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Feeling :ActionType :Event :MentalEvent :BiologicalEvent :FeelingType :PhysiologicalCondition :AilmentType :LifeStageType :LifeStage ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType :Event :EventType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hadMainParticipant, :isPerformedBy ; owl:inverseOf :wasTheAgentInAction . :wasPriorToNowByInterval :ldoce "ago" ; :wnsense "ago1adj", "ago1adv" ; :wordnet "ago" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasPriorToNowByInterval relates a TemporalThing (Event, TimeInterval, TimeSlice, etc.) to some TimeMeasure that expresses how long before Now the TemporalThing occurred. Linguistically this is expressed, e.g. as '?Event happened 10 years ago'. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 and noun sense 1 of 'ago' in WordNet: WN adjective 'ago': 1. ago, agone - (gone by; or in the past; 'two years ago'; ''agone' is an archaic word for 'ago'') WN adverb 'ago': 1. (82) ago - (in the past; 'long ago'; 'sixty years ago my grandfather came to the U.S.') """ ; rdfs:domain :TemporalThing ; rdfs:range :TimeMeasure . :wasPublishedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasPublishedBy' relates a PublishedMaterial to the Publisher that published it. The Publisher may be an individual for self-published materials.""" ; rdfs:domain :PublishedMaterial ; rdfs:range :Publisher ; owl:inverseOf :hasPublished . :wasPursuedInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of ''hadObjectPursued'' - relates any Thing to a ''Pursuing'' or ''Searching'' action in which it was sought for (in any sense). Used to help clarify meaning of ''GameAnimal'. Any other use??? """ ; owl:inverseOf :hadObjectPursued . :wasRealizedByAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasRealizedByAction relates a CapabilityType, who instances are attributes of Objects that can enable or perform functions, to the ActionType(s) that they can enable or perform. This relation answers the questions 'what was it designed for?'. The 'dsign' can be either artificial, as the design of an artifact, or natural, as the design of an evolved System or System component. NOTE: The execution of a Plan is sometimes labeled as a 'realization'; in COSMO, execution of plans or procedures is labeled by 'isAnExecutionOf' or its inverse 'hasExecutionEvent'. *Note* that the CapabilityType that is the subject of this relation in turn can be pointed to by the relation 'hasDesignFunction'. This creates a triangle of Object-Capability-Action.""" ; rdfs:domain :CapabilityType ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ActionType :Event ) ] . :wasReceivedInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasTransferredInEvent . :wasRentedByAgreement a owl:ObjectProperty . :wasReplacedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasReplacedBy' is the inverse of 'wasaSubstituteFor'. This relates some instance of an Entity to an instance of Substitute (a Role) which replaced the subject in some Role The thing that serves as the Substitute can be of any type of Object.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Substitute :Representative :RoleType :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :wasaSubstituteFor . :wasRestoredInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty . :wasSelectedInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """A specialization of 'isTheResultOf' pointing from an instance of 'Choice' to the Choosing that selected that Choice..""" ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Choosing :SelectingSomething :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isTheResultOf . :wasSupportedByAgent :ldoce "according", "according to" ; :wnsense "according1adj" ; :wordnet "according" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Points from an instance of Assertion (a proposition) or LinguisticAssertion to an Agent who asserted its truth. There may be many agents who assert the truth of some Assertion, and they need not be the same as the agent who created the assertion originally. Corresponds most closely to adjective sense 1 of 'according' in WordNet: 1. (4) according - ((followed by 'to') as reported or stated by; 'according to historians') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Belief :BeliefType :Assertion :LinguisticAssertion ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntelligentAgent :PersonType ) ] . :wasTaughtBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """In order to time-index this relation properly, it would be necessary to have multiple arity relations, and those are not yet (v0,39) represented in COSMO. This relation *as is* will not distinguish which interval of being a student is associated with which institution.. """ ; rdfs:domain :Student ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EducationalOrganization :Teacher ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :taughtStudent . :wasTheAgentInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'wasPerformedByAgent' - relates an agent (or agents) to the action in which s/he was principle agent. For this relation the 'Agent' can be an inanimate Object, merely treated as the agent of an action because of its position as the subject of a sentence or assertion - only indicating that the Object 'did' something. More than one Agent can fill this role as subject, so it might be more appropriate to label it as 'wasAnAgentInAction', but it could be only one agent. See also ''performsAction'' to specify a Role that is the Role of a person that performs a Action. NOTE that any agent can be the subject of this relation, but not all agents need be represented as performing an Action, so this is not a necessary restriction on all agents. Similar meanings are served by more specific relations, such as 'isTheAuthorOf' or 'wasaContestantInCompetition'. The latter relation is a subrelation of this one, but 'Author' points to a conceptual work, which is not an Action. Should 'author' also be related to this? @ToDo. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericAgent :AgentType :Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :Event :Feeling :ActionType :EventType :MentalEvent :BiologicalEvent :FeelingType :PhysiologicalCondition :AilmentType :LifeStageType :LifeStage ) ] . :wasTheDirectObjectOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """Inverse of 'hasDirectObject' - points from the semantic (and for transitive grammatical structures, grammatical) direct object of an Event (of any type) to the Event in which it participates. """ ; owl:inverseOf :hasDirectObject . :wasTheLocationOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasTheLocationOf is the inverse of 'occurredAt', and relates a GenericLocation to some Event that occurred at that location.""" . :wasTheMainParticipantIn :en "participated in" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasTheMainParticipantIn' is the inverse of hadMainParticipant, pointing to some Event or EventType in which the first argument participated, or typically or saliently participates. This includes the notion of having a *sole* participant (for internal changes inthings), but not yet clear if such a subproperty i needed. NOTE: @ToDo REv 1303: if a relation is needed bbbbspecifically to refer to **voluntary participating agents, see ''participatedInAction'' which has been commented out. Needed?? """ ; owl:inverseOf :hadMainParticipant . :wasTheMotherIn a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''wasTheMotherIn'' is a specialized relation to relate a ''BirthMother'' to the BirthEvent that gave her that Role. """ ; rdfs:domain :BirthMother ; rdfs:range :BirthEvent ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isaParticipantIn ; owl:inverseOf :hadMother . :wasTheOriginalLocationOf a owl:ObjectProperty . :wasThePatientInAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hadAffectedAgent' - relates an agent (or agents) to some action by which s/he was directly affected as the 'patient' of the action.""" ; rdfs:domain :GenericAgent ; rdfs:range :Action ; owl:inverseOf :hadAffectedAgent . :wasTheSubjectOfStudy a owl:ObjectProperty . :wasTheWrappingInWrappingEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasTheWrappingInWrappingEvent' is the inverse of 'hadWrappingMaterial'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SolidObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:CoveringSomething :ActionType ) ] . :wasTransferredInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasTransferredInEvent' is the inverse of 'hadThingTransferred', This relation relates something (no restriction on the domain) to a GeneralizedTransfer event. """ ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GeneralizedTransfer :DitransitiveObjectPair ) ] . :wasTransportedInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hadTransportedObject'. This is an inverse-role for Events.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :Person :ObjectType :SubstanceType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:TransportationEvent :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasAffectedByEvent . :wasUnluckyFor :wnsense "unfortunate1adj", "unlucky1adj" ; :wordnet "unfortunate", "unlucky" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasUnluckyFor' relates an Event to some 'IntentionalAgent' for whom the Event was considered 'unlucky' by the person chracterizing it as a 'unlucky event'. This relation is used to represent assertions about an agent (Person, Animal, Organization) being 'unlucky' because of some Event. See also 'Unfortunate', the attribute of an agent that has been harmed by an unlucky Event (i.e. one that might not have happened or might have had a beneficial outcome). @ToDo: It may be appropriate to create a rule asserting that every time there is an Event that wasUnluckyFor an agent, that agent was 'Unfortunate' as a result. Such a rule will need to be in an FOL version. Corresponds to part of adjective sense 1 of 'unfortunate' and sense of 'unlucky' in WordNet, but applies only to agents, not to Events: in WordNet: 1. (7) unfortunate - (not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune; 'an unfortunate turn of events'; 'an unfortunate decision'; 'unfortunate investments'; 'an unfortunate night for all concerned') 1. (1) unlucky, luckless - (having or bringing misfortune; 'Friday the 13th is an unlucky date') """ ; rdfs:domain :Event ; rdfs:range :IntentionalAgent . :wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent :en "facilitates", "was used for", "was used to" ; :ldoce "facilitate", "help", "use" ; :wnsense "facilitate2v", "help2v", "use1v" ; :wordnet "facilitate", "help", "use" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasUsedAsInstrumentInEvent specifies that a particular physical object was used as an instrument in some particular event. For the generic assertion of what kinds of objects are used in what kinds of events, use ''isUsedAsInstrumentInAction''. NOTE that 'instrument' is construed broadly for this relation, and need not be an artifact: in the act of 'Kissing' for example, the 'instrument' is the lips of the person(s) doing the Kissing. Each assertion with this relation forms part of the frame of a 'UsingSomething' Event. An Event may have more than one instrument used during its occurrence. The instrument will in general not be consumed by its use, but this is a very broad relation and the instrument may be changed by its use. For example, a bucket of water used to douse a fire will be an instrument in the event of dousing the fire - the water will be changed, though it will not be chemically transformed. Subrelations may describe more specific instrument usages. It is in the past tense, as Events in COSMO are considered as bounded in time, and must be in the past after the end point. SUMO has a relation called simply 'instrument' which would be the inverse of this relation: SUMO (instrument ?EVENT ?TOOL) means that ?TOOL is used by an agent in bringing about ?EVENT and that ?TOOL is not changed by ?EVENT. For example, the key is an instrument in the following proposition: The key opened the door. Note that instrument and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair. Most closely represented by the instrumental part of WordNet verb 'use' sense 1 and by 'help, facilitate': in Wordnet: WN 'facilitate': 2. (116) help, facilitate - (be of use; This will help to prevent accidents) WN verb 'use' in WordNet: 1. (1387) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ - (put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; 'use your head!'; 'we only use Spanish at home'; 'I can't use this tool'; 'Apply a magnetic field here'; 'This thinking was applied to many projects'; 'How do you utilize this tool?'; 'I apply this rule to get good results'; 'use the plastic bags to store the food'; 'He doesn't know how to use a computer') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:DeviceType :PhysicalObjectType :SubstanceType :PhysicalObject :Device :UsefulThing :PhysicalSubstance ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isUsedAsInstrumentInAction ; owl:inverseOf :wasFacilitatedByInstrument . :wasVisibleTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasVisibleTo' specifies that a particular Agent or AgentType could see some individual Object or Event. This relation can be used to specify that a Person was a witness to an Event.""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :PhysicalObject ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:IntentionalAgent :Person :AgentType :PersonType ) ] . :wasaCompetitorInCompetition a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The inverse of 'hasCompetingAgent." ; rdfs:domain :Opponent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Competition :AnimalSportEvent :SportType :ActionType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasCompetingAgent . :wasaContestantInCompetition a owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :hadContestant . :wasaCustomerOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment ".", """isaCustomerOf relates an IntelligentAgent to an individual Business from which that Agent has purchased something. The past tense in the label for this relation merely indicates that some transaction occurred at some time in the past - the agent may continue to be a Customer of the same business. There is no differentiation in this relation between past and present Customer relations. However, being a prospective Customer is *not* covered by this relation - some transaction must have occurred.""" ; rdfs:domain :LegalAgent ; rdfs:range :LegalAgent ; owl:inverseOf :wasaVendorTo . :wasaPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasaPartOf is a very general 'part' relation applied to objects to specify that they once were a part of some other object. This is not exactly the same as 'isderivedFrom' as it may be caused by processes or events that are not conceptually intended as 'deriving'. Before the separation, such a part could be related by 'isaPartOf'. Relate this to 'SeparationEvent'? """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialThing :Object :GenericAgent :Group :Event :FunctionalProcess :Region :Place :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :EventType :ObjectType :Role :RoleType :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:SpatialThing :Object :GenericAgent :Group :Event :FunctionalProcess :Region :Place :SubstanceType :PhysicalSubstance :EventType :ObjectType :List :AttributeValue :AttributeValueType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasPart . :wasaPartyToAgreement a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The inverse of 'hadAgreeingParty' - relates an agent (or agents) to some Agreement (e.g. a contract) in which s/he was a (more or less) voluntary participant.""" ; rdfs:domain :IntelligentAgent ; rdfs:range :Agreement . :wasaPhysicalPartOf :en "came from", "is a piece of" ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasaPhysicalPartOf relates a ''PhysicalObject'' to some other ''PhysicalObject'' (or ObjectType) from which it was derived by either: (1) removing some part-object from the larger whole; *or* (2) in some way wearing or damaging the original object so that it no longer functions - as with LifeForms or Devices. Thus this can relate a ''NonFunctionalObject'' to the original functional object with asserting that it has all the same properties. This is not a time-dependent relation, as it is a relation arising from an Event - the partition or inacivation of the original Object. NOTE that the past tense implies that the subject of this relation is no longer a Physical part of the whole Object; if one wants to specify that certain objects originate as part of a larger object, use the parent relation 'isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf'. This relation can be used to specify that some PhysicalObject was originally part of a larger PhysicalObject, such as a 'SliceOfBread' being originally part of a 'LoafOfBread'. This may be used at the instance level to identify a specific Object from which a piece is derived, or at the generic level, to specify that every instance of a type must have been derived from some type of Object. This relation has a different sense from the 'BiologicallyDerivedFrom' relations, in that the subject of this relation was substantially intact as part of the whole Object, and is not merely a piece of some substance exuded from the whole Object. In the case of objects made mostly of a particular SubstanceType, the remaining 'PhysicalObject' may still be of the same type, but for nonhomogeneous object, the type of the subject may be different from the type of the object. For the 'Remains' of animals, the remains are no longer 'living animals', and in the case of some fossils, may not contain any of the substance of the original animal (though they usually do). See the related relation 'wasOfType'. This is in a broad sense time-dependent but time when the original object was intact is only implied by the assumption that that time was in th past relative to 'Now'. """ ; rdfs:domain :PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PhysicalObject :PhysicalObjectType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isOrWasaPhysicalPartOf . :wasaPreparationFor :en "prepares for" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasaPreparationFor' relates an instance of 'PreparingForSituation' to the Event for which the preparation is undertaken. The act of preparing for the situation may ot may not lead to the situation, and instances may include the situation prepared for. For example, 'Shopping' is a preparation for 'Buying', but the act of Shopping may interleave with and be difficult to separate from the Buying.""" ; rdfs:domain :PreparingForSituation ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] . :wasaQuidForQuo a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment """''wasaQuidForQuo'' relates any ''ValuableThing'' to another ''ValuableThing'' that was exchanged in a ''Transaction'' or other ''ReciprocalAction'' that was motivated by a prior 'giving' or 'benefiting'. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThing :ValuableThingType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:ValuableThing :ValuableThingType ) ] . :wasaResponseToEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Action :FunctionalProcess :ActionType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :mentalSituationWasCausedBy ; owl:inverseOf :inducedAgentToAction . :wasaSubstituteFor :ldoce "instead" ; :wnsense "instead1adv", "substitute1v", "substitute2v", "substitute3v" ; :wordnet "instead", "substitute" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'wasaSubstituteFor' relates an instance or type of Substitute (a Role) or ''Representative'' to some other entity for which it has been substituted, or some type of Object that may serve as a substitute. This relation can be used to express the relation between objects and the thing that substitutes for it, and expressed in phrases such as 'the red one instead of the green one' 'Jack substituted for Tom as quarterback' and similar cases where one thing is used in place of another in some Role. Because Substitute is a Role, the TimeInterval during which the substitution was in effect can be specified by the temporal begin and end relations on Role. The thing that serves as the Substitute can be any type of Object, concrete or abstract. For alternative actions, see 'hasAlternative' and its subproperties, e.g. 'wasPerformedAsanAlternativeTo', This relation expresses the concept represented by the word 'instead of'. But NOTE that the WordNet senses of 'instead' are not included - this sense of 'instead of' is for substitutions of Objects, and 'instead of' in this sense functions as a Preposition, not an Adverb. This relation is not used to represent one of two alternative actions, but only for Objects. The example in the second sense using 'instead of Latin' would be an instance, but that seems inconsistent with the other WordNet usages. Corresponds approximately to WN adverb sense 1 of 'instead' (for sense 2 use 'Preference'), and also represents the relation specified by the verb 'substitute' in its three Wordnet senses: in WordNet: 1. (36) alternatively, as an alternative, instead, or else - (in place of, or as an alternative to; 'Felix became a herpetologist instead'; 'alternatively we could buy a used car') WN verb 'substitute': 1. (13) substitute, replace - (put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items; 'the con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt'; 'substitute regular milk with fat-free milk') 2. (5) substitute, sub, stand in, fill in - (be a substitute; 'The young teacher had to substitute for the sick colleague'; 'The skim milk substitutes for cream - we are on a strict diet') 3. substitute, deputize, deputise, step in - (act as a substitute; 'She stood in for the soprano who suffered from a cold') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Substitute :Representative :RoleType :Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :Word ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :SubstanceType :Word ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :wasReplacedBy . :wasaTargetInAction :en "was targeted in", "was the target in" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''wasaTargetInAction'' is a relation that can fill in the detail of what kind of ''Target'' an instance or subype of ''Target'' is. This is not to be used for abstract 'target' such as sales targets, which are represented by 'goals'. This is kept relatively general at this stage (rev1611) but can be made more specific when experience suggest that will enhance perspicuity. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GenericLocation :GenericAgent :Target :ObjectType :AgentType :LocationType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Propelling :Attempt :MotionType :ActionType ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :hasTarget . :wasaTransporterInEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """wasaTransporterInEvent points from a TransportationDevice to some TransportationEvent in which the transporter was used. A TransportationDevice can be the transporter in many TransportationEvents.""" ; rdfs:domain :TransportationDevice ; rdfs:range :TransportationEvent ; owl:inverseOf :usedTransportationDevice . :wasaVendorTo a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:domain :LegalAgent ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AgentType :LegalAgent ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :wasaCustomerOf . :we :ldoce "we" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun ; rdfs:comment """'we' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to some group of people including the speaker.. """ . :weekly :hasQuantifier :N_1 ; :hasRecurrenceInterval :Week ; :hasUnit :perWeek ; :ldoce "weekly" ; :wnsense "weekly1adj" ; :wordnet "weekly" ; a :Frequency ; rdfs:comment """A Frequency measure meaning once per week. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'weekly' in WordNet: 1. (10) weekly - (occurring or payable every week; 'a weekly trip to town'; 'weekly wages'; 'weekly rent') """ . :weeks :en "weeks" ; :ldoce "week" ; :wnsense "week1n" ; :wordnet "week" ; a :UnitOfTime ; rdfs:comment """A unit of measure, equal to the length of seven days of time. This does not differ in meaning from 'WeekDuration', but is used only in time measures as a unit of measure. @ToDo: remove duplication?? See also 'Week' for a TimeLocation lasting one 'weeks'. Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'week' in WordNet: 1. (400) week, hebdomad - (any period of seven consecutive days; 'it rained for a week') """ . :wellDone :isTheAdverbialFormOf :DoneWell ; a :Adverb, :LogicalFunction ; rdfs:comment """'wellDone' is an adverb modifying Actions that were performed in an effective manner - usually better than average. This has the same meaning as the ''AdverbialModifier'' ''Skillfully'', but is an instance of Word rather than a type. """ . :what :ldoce "what" ; a :InterrogativePronoun, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :whatever :ldoce "whatever" ; :wnsense "any1adj", "whatever1adj", "whatsoever1adj" ; :wordnet "any", "whatever", "whatsoever" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction ; rdfs:comment """''Whatever'' as a conjunction introduces a phrase to create an entity that can be one or ore of some group or type indicated by the phrase. 'whatever he wants'; 'whatever is needed' For the adjective sense modifying a noun see ''any''. Corresponds to adjective sense 1 of 'whatever' in WordNet: 1. any, whatever, whatsoever - (one or some or every or all without specification; 'give me any peaches you don't want'; 'not any milk is left'; 'any child would know that'; 'pick any card'; 'any day now'; 'cars can be rented at almost any airport'; 'at twilight or any other time'; 'beyond any doubt'; 'need any help we can get'; 'give me whatever peaches you don't want'; 'no milk whatsoever is left') """ . :when :en "as soon as" ; :ldoce "when" ; :wnsense "once2adv" ; :wordnet "once" ; a :Adverb, :InterrogativePronoun, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction ; rdfs:comment """Introduces a phrase: 'when we get there'; 'once we get there'; 'when the fall comes'; 'once we are finished' Corresponds approximately to adverb sense 2 of 'once' in Wordnet: 2. (28) once - (as soon as; 'once we are home, we can rest') """ . :whenever :ldoce "whenever" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :where :ldoce "where" ; a :Adverb, :InterrogativePronoun, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :wherever :en "wherever" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :whether :ldoce "whether" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :which :ldoce "which" ; a :InterrogativePronoun, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :whichever :ldoce "whichever" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :while :en "whilst" ; :ldoce "while" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition, :SubordinatingConjunction . :who :ldoce "who" ; a :InterrogativePronoun, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :whoever :ldoce "whoever" ; a :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :whom :ldoce "whom" ; a :InterrogativePronoun, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :whose :ldoce "whose" ; a :InterrogativePronoun, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction . :why :ldoce "why" ; a :Adverb, :InterrogativePronoun, :LogicalFunction, :SubordinatingConjunction ; rdfs:comment """To ask 'why' may be to inquire about what were the physical causes for some Event, or to ask what motivated an Agent to perform some action. For the latter, see relation 'convincedAgentToAction' and its inverse 'wasMotivatedBy''. Additional commentary from ''convincedAgentToAction'' NOTE: the Actions that can be motivated are varied, and the things that can cause people to think or do things are also quite varied. This relationship is expressed linguistically in a number of different ways: P did Y because of Z Z caused P to do Y Z induced P to do Y Z made P do Y Z got P to do Y see also related elements: hasPurpose hasIntendedResultOrProduct hasPurposeOfObtaining isSatisfactoryForPurpose isaMethodTo desires Benefit -st- Sake """ . :will :ldoce "will" ; a :AuxVerb, :VerbInf ; rdfs:comment """The auxiliary verb that expresses a belief or intention that some Event will occur in the future.""" . :with :ldoce "with" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """The preposition 'with' has multiple linguistic senses (21 of them in RHW). These are not enumerated here, and will need to be disambiguated by procedural code of the LogicalFunction representing those concepts..""" . :withRespectTo :en "with respect to" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''withRespectTo'' relates an ''EquivalenceGroup'' to some Context, Functionality, magnitude, or *any* other aspect of things with respect to which the asserted 'equivalence' holds. This is used because the existence of multiple ''EquivalentThing''s in an ''EquivalenceGroup'' is taken as equivalent to an assertion that they are equivalent in some respect, and this allows specifying the manner in which they are equivalent. The reason for asserting equivaence can be very varied, so the range is left unspecified. """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:EquivalenceGroup :PropositionType ) ] . :without :ldoce "without" ; a :LogicalFunction, :Preposition ; rdfs:comment """This sense of the preposition 'without' has several closely related linguistic senses, with the basic meaning 'in the absence of'; in RHW these are described as: 1. with the absence, omission, or avoidance of; not with; with no or none of; lacking: without help; without shoes; without her helping me; without him to help. 2. free from; excluding: a world without hunger. 3. not accompanied by: Don't go without me. This sense does not include the sense of the contrast to 'within' """ . :wnel a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to the WordNet entry level, for the top levels of the WordNet Hierarchy. Level 1 has only one entry 'entity', level 2 has three entries under that level: => physical entity -- (an entity that has physical existence) => abstract entity -- (an entity that exists only abstractly) => thing those entries are labeled 'wnel' 2.1 'wnel' 2.2 and 'wnel' 2.3 respectively """ ; rdfs:label "WordNet Entry Level" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :wnsense a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to the sense number (and POS) in WordNet 2.1 which the given element represents. This is only needed if there is more than one WordNet sense for the word labeled by the 'wordnet' relation. The sense number should include the word whose sense number is referenced, since more than one Wordnet word may be used to label a particular concept. The usage is exemplified by these relations on 'Ordering' (omitting the angle brackets to avoid offending the RDF parser): wordnet - order - /wordnet wordnet - command - /wordnet wnsense - order1v /wnsense wnsense - command2v - /wnsense """ ; rdfs:label "WordNet sense" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :wnsynset a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to the WordNet synset, for alignment of COSMO with the top levels of the WordNet Hierarchy. """ ; rdfs:label "WordNet Synset" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :wordnet a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A pointer to the synset in WordNet 2.1 which the given element represents. The pointer will in fact be to one of the words in the synset, and the sense number of that word in that synset will be found with the 'wnsense' relation. This pointer does not include the offset number. This can be used with a SPARQL query to find all of the ontology elements that correspond to senses for a given word.""" ; rdfs:label "Wordnet vocabulary word" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . :worksWith :en "works with " ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """''worksWith' relates an individual 'PersonWithOccupation' or a type of person (HumanRoleType) to Objects or Substances with which that person typically works. For example a,'Blacksmith' works with Iron, and a ''Plumber'' works with ''PlumbingFixture''s. This is for objects that are produced or modified or used as starting materials. For Devices used in the work, use relation ''typicallyUsesDevice''""" ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:PersonWithOccupation :HumanRoleType ) ] ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Object :ObjectType :PhysicalSubstance :SubstanceType ) ] . :worsens :en "grow worse", "make something worse", "make worse", "worsens" ; :wnsense "aggravate1v", "declinevn", "exacerbate1v", "worsen1v", "worsen2v" ; :wordnet "aggravate", "decline", "exacerbate", "worsen" ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """'worsens' specifies that one Event did or some EventType usually or often does have as a result the worsening (becoming worse) in something - an Object, State, Attribute. The kinds of things that can be 'worsened' are very broad, because a 'worsening' relates those things to their suitability for the purpose of some agent; and an agent's purpose may require almost anything to be true. This includes transitive and intransitive senses of 'worsen'. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'worsen' in WordNet: 1. (1) worsen, decline - (grow worse; 'Conditions in the slum worsened') 2. worsen, aggravate, exacerbate, exasperate - (make worse; 'This drug aggravates the pain') """ ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Event :EventType :FunctionalProcess ) ] ; owl:inverseOf :mayBeWorsenedBy . :would :ldoce "would" ; a :LogicalFunction, :ModalAuxVerb ; rdfs:comment """The modal auxiliary verb that expresses some conditional state, past, present, or future. """ . :y :en "y" ; :ldoce "yes" ; :wnsense "yes1n" ; :wordnet "yes" ; a :YesOrNo ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yes' in WordNet: 1. (15) yes - (an affirmative; 'I was hoping for a yes') """ . :yards :en "yards" ; :wnsense "yard1n" ; :wordnet "yard" ; a :UnitOfLength, :UnitOfMeasure ; rdfs:comment """This instance conflates the single ard and the measure. Needs to be distinguished. (NASA SWEET units?) Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yard' in WordNet: 1. (765) yard, pace - (a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride) """ . :ye :en "ye" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun ; rdfs:comment """'ye' is an archaic or biblical Pronoun that serves to refer to the person(s) who is being addressed by the speaker.""" . :years :en "years" ; :ldoce "year" ; :wnsense "year1n" ; :wordnet "year" ; a :UnitOfMeasure, :UnitOfTime ; rdfs:comment """Time unit. 1 year = 365-1/4 days (approx). Corresponds to part of noun sense 1 of 'year' in WordNet (for the calendar year use 'Year'): in WordNet: 1. (832) year, twelvemonth, yr - (a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days; 'she is 4 years old'; 'in the year 1920') """ . :yearsOld a :UnitOfMeasure . :yes :en "y", "yeah", "yep" ; :ldoce "yes" ; :wnsense "yes1n" ; :wordnet "yes" ; a :YesOrNo ; rdfs:comment """ Corresponds to noun sense 1 of 'yes' in WordNet: 1. (15) yes - (an affirmative; \"I was hoping for a yes\") """ . :you :en "thee", "thou", "ya" ; :ldoce "you" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun ; rdfs:comment """'you' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to the person who is being addressed by the speaker. The term 'ya' is used to mean 'you' in some casual or colloquial speech phrases. 'See ya later.' """ . :you-all :en "y'all", "you-all" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun ; rdfs:comment """'you-all' is a dialect variant of 'you', usually referring to more than one person. Also abbreviated to \" y'all \". RHW 'you-all': pron. Chiefly South Midland and Southern U.S. (used in direct address to two or more persons, or to one person who represents a family, organization, etc.): You-all come back now, hear? Tell your mother it's time you-all came to visit us. """ . :your :ldoce "your" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive and a Determiner." . :yours :ldoce "yours" ; a :Determiner, :Possessive, :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment "A Possessive Pronoun and a Determiner." . :yourself :ldoce "yourself" ; a :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun used to refer to the person who is being spoken to. Corresponds to sense 1 and 2, of Random House Webster 'yourself': 1. (an emphatic appositive of you or ye): a letter you yourself wrote. 2. a reflexive form of you (used as the direct or indirect object of a verb or the object of a preposition): Don't blame yourself. Did you ever ask yourself? You can think for yourself. """ . :yourselves :en "yourselves" ; a :Pronoun ; rdfs:comment """A Pronoun used in a reflexive sense, referring to some '''GroupOfPeople'' being addressed by the speaker. """ . :youse :en "youse" ; :ldoce "you" ; a :LogicalFunction, :PersonalPronoun ; rdfs:comment """'youse' is a Pronoun that serves to refer to some ''GroupOfPeople'' that are being addressed by the speaker. This is a colloquial form of ''you'' """ . :wnsense "contemplate1v" ; :wordnet "contemplate" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''ContemplativeViewing'' is a ''Considering'' that is provoked and assisted by 'viewing' follows and repeats a prior act of ''Considering''. Corresponds to verb sense 1 of 'contemplate' in WordNet: 1. (8) contemplate - (look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought; 'contemplate one's navel') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Considering, :Viewing . :en "look into" ; :eng "deliberating" ; :ldoce "consider" ; :wnsense "advisement1n", "consider2v", "consider5v", "consider8v", "debate2v", "debate3v", "deliberate1v", "deliberate2v", "deliberation2n", "look at2v", "moot1v", "study3v", "turn over9v", "view2v", "weighing1n" ; :wordnet "advisement", "consider", "debate", "deliberate", "deliberation", "look at", "moot", "study", "turn over", "view", "weighing" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Deliberating'' is a careful ''Considering'' performed by one or more people. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'deliberate' in WordNet: 1. consider, debate, moot, turn over, deliberate - (think about carefully; weigh; 'They considered the possibility of a strike'; 'Turn the proposal over in your mind') 2. debate, deliberate - (discuss the pros and cons of an issue) WN verb 'consider: 2. (56) study, consider - (give careful consideration to; 'consider the possibility of moving') 8. view, consider, look at - (look at carefully; study mentally; 'view a problem') WN noun 'deliberation': 2. (1) deliberation, weighing, advisement - (careful consideration; 'a little deliberation would have deterred them') """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Considering, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Careful ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :Thorough ; owl:onProperty :hasQualitativeAttribute ] . :wnsense "reconsider1v", "reconsider2v" ; :wordnet "reconsider" ; a :IntelligentActionType, owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """''Reconsidering'' is a ''Considering'' that follows and repeats a prior act of ''Considering''. In the FOL version, the thing 'reconsidered' has to be equated with the thing 'considered' in the prior action. Includes verb senses 1 and 2 of 'reconsider' in WordNet: 1. (7) reconsider - (consider again; give new consideration to; usually with a view to changing; 'Won't you reconsider your decision?') 2. reconsider - (consider again (a bill) that had been voted upon before, in legislation) """ ; rdfs:subClassOf :Considering, :RedoingSomething, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :impliesPriorEventType ; owl:someValuesFrom :Considering ] . rdfs:Class a rdfs:Class . owl:Class a rdfs:Class, owl:Class . owl:Thing a owl:Class .